cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MOESM5 of Cycles of gene expression and genome response during mammalian tissue regeneration
Creators: name: Rib, Leonor
name: Villeneuve, Dominic
name: Shilpi Minocha
name: Praz, Viviane
name: Hernandez, Nouria
name: Guex, Nicolas
name: Winship Herr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S2. (A) Distribution of silhouette scores as a result of the PAM clustering of the varying gene expression Set 3 into 2–13 groups (k). The clustering into 7 groups was retained for our analyses in the main text (Fig. 2). In this Set 3.1 to 3.7 clustering, set 3.7 contained a large proportion of cell-cycle genes. The set in the k = 2–6 and 8–12 PAM clusterings most like Set 3.7 is labeled “3.7-like” in each case. For each clustering, the number of genes (nj) per group (j) is indicated to the right together with the average silhouette score (aveiϵCj Si). To the left of each clustering, the number of Set 3.7 genes from k = 7 in each group is indicated. Across clusterings, the highest average silhouette score is found for the most 3.7-like sets of genes. (B) Summary of the results of the functional enrichment analysis on the RNA-seq Set 1, Set 2 and Set 3 results. The GO terms displaying an enrichment p value lower than 10E − 10 were kept for analysis with the REVIGO tool. REVIGO aggregates synonymous GO terms and displays the aggregated terms as circles where the distance among circles indicates their similarity within the GO structure and their color indicates the associated p value, with blue signifying the lowest p values. Selected GO terms with highest p values are shown with the circle aggregates. Below, the highlighted GO terms have been listed with their associated p values with a log10 scale. (C) Gene-expression patterns post-PH in the KEGG cell-cycle pathway. The gene nodes in the KEGG cell-cycle pathway were colored using the “pathview” R package. Set 1 genes are colored gray, Set 2 genes are colored yellow, and Set 3 genes are displayed as a heat map that shows the relative transcript abundance between 0 h and 4 weeks post-PH from Fig. 2a. For the twenty-seven KEGG cell-cycle pathway nodes shared by multiple genes only the pattern for a representative gene (identified in Additional file 2: Figure S2d). (D) Selection of the representative gene within shared KEGG cell-cycle nodes. The names of the shared KEGG cell-cycle nodes are indicated with the node-associated genes indicated with their respective RNA-Seq set. Within nodes, genes with differential expression post-PH were favored. Otherwise genes with the highest gene expression within a node were selected. The final selections are highlighted in green.
Modelling hot carrier properties in plasmonic nanostructures
Creators: name: Dal Forno, Stefano
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Plasmon-induced hot carriers processes in metallic nanostructured materials are becoming an important field of research due to their potential technological applications. For example, hot carriers have been found to have favorable properties for photocatalysis, photodetection and solar energy harvesting. Although there have been significant experimental efforts to understand hot carrier properties in nanoplasmonic systems, there exists a lack of theoretical models to underpin experimental findings and guide experimental progress towards promising systems. In this work we carry out theoretical calculations of hot carrier phenomena in mono-metallic and bi-metallic nanoparticles and also in thin metallic films. In particular, we propose a simple theoretical model to describe hot-carrier generation in mono- and bi-metallic nanoparticles (NPs). For this, we combine a classical description of the plasmons in nanostructures with quantum-mechanical calculations of the electronic structure. The decay of the plasmon into hot carriers is described using Fermi's golden and the optical and electronic properties of the NPs are derived within the quasistatic approximation and solving the Schroedinger equation for a spherical well, respectively. For the mono-metallic nanoparticles, we present results for a set of 6 plasmonic metals (Na, K, Al, Cu, Ag, Au). For the bi-metallic core-shell nanoparticles, we screen 100 different material combinations and predict their efficiency for photocatalytic applications. For the plasmonic thin films, we combine ab initio density-functional theory with the two-temperature model to describe the ultrafast thermalisation dynamics of hot electrons in titanium nitride. We investigate the lifetime of hot carriers due to the scattering with phonons and also include the effect of defects.
Implications for the Cosmic Ray Spectrum of a Negative Electron Neutrino Mass^2
Creators: name: Ehrlich, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The features and problems of a speculative model based on the electron neutrino being a tachyon are discussed. The model is consistent with five properties of the cosmic ray spectrum, and it predicts a flux of neutrons in a narrow energy region centered on 4.5 +/- 2.2 x 10^{15} eV.
description: Published in Phys. Rev. D 60, 17302 (1999), 4 pages and 3 figures
Conservation Laws and Work Fluctuation Relations in Chemical Reaction Networks
Creators: name: Rao, Riccardo
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We formulate a nonequilibrium thermodynamic description for open chemical reaction networks (CRN) described by a chemical master equation. The topological properties of the CRN and its conservation laws are shown to play a crucial role. They are used to decompose the entropy production into a potential change and two work contributions, the first due to time dependent changes in the externally controlled chemostats concentrations and the second due to flows maintained across the system by nonconservative forces. These two works jointly satisfy a Jarzynski and Crooks fluctuation theorem. In absence of work, the potential is minimized by the dynamics as the system relaxes to equilibrium and its equilibrium value coincides with the maximum entropy principle. A generalized Landauer's principle also holds: the minimal work needed to create a nonequilibrium state is the relative entropy of that state to its equilibrium value reached in absence of any work.
description: revtex format: 30 pages (25 + 5 for appendices), 9 figures, 3 tables. v2: published version
Extracting Tree-structures in CT data by Tracking Multiple Statistically Ranked Hypotheses
Creators: name: Selvan, Raghavendra
name: Petersen, Jens
name: Pedersen, Jesper H
name: de Bruijne, Marleen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we adapt a method based on multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) that has been shown to give state-of-the-art vessel segmentation results in interactive settings, for the purpose of extracting trees. Regularly spaced tubular templates are fit to image data forming local hypotheses. These local hypotheses are used to construct the MHT tree, which is then traversed to make segmentation decisions. However, some critical parameters in this method are scale-dependent and have an adverse effect when tracking structures of varying dimensions. We propose to use statistical ranking of local hypotheses in constructing the MHT tree, which yields a probabilistic interpretation of scores across scales and helps alleviate the scale-dependence of MHT parameters. This enables our method to track trees starting from a single seed point. Our method is evaluated on chest CT data to extract airway trees and coronary arteries. In both cases, we show that our method performs significantly better than the original MHT method.
description: Accepted for publication at the International Journal of Medical Physics and Practice
Multi-level optimisation models for transmission expansion planning under uncertainty
Creators: name: Moreira Da Silva, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The significant integration of renewable energy sources to electricity grids poses unprecedented challenges to power systems planning. Each of these challenges is implied by a particular circumstance faced by the system planner when devising the expansion plan, which should be tailored to address the needs and objectives of the system under consideration. Within this context, this thesis is dedicated to propose methodologies to address three timely situations that may arise when planning the expansion of the grid. In the first situation, we consider the case in which the system planner must meet established renewable penetration targets while complying with multiple deterministic security criteria. Renewable targets have been largely adopted as an important mechanism to foster the decarbonization of power systems. Hence, we propose a methodology that simultaneously identifies the optimal subset of candidate assets as well as renewable sites to be developed, while introducing the concept of compound GT n-K security criteria. In the second situation, we aim to minimize the regret of the system planner under generation expansion uncertainty. In many cases, e.g. the United Kingdom, the decision on the transmission expansion plan is taken by a market player that does not determine the future generation expansion. Within this context, we propose a 5-level MILP formulation to represent the minimization of the regret of the system planner in light of a set of credible scenarios of generation expansion while enforcing n-1 security criterion. Finally, in the third situation, the objective is to inform the optimal transmission expansion plan under ambiguity in the probability distribution of RES generation output. To do so, we present a methodology capable of determining the transmission plan under deterministic security criterion while accommodating a set of different probability distributions for RES output in order to integrate ambiguity aversion.
Price Optimal Routing in Public Transportation
Creators: name: Euler, Ricardo
name: Lindner, Niels
name: Borndörfer, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2
subject: 90-08 (Primary)

description: We consider the price-optimal earliest arrival problem in public transit (POEAP) in which we aim to calculate the Pareto-set of journeys with respect to ticket price and arrival time in a public transportation network. Public transit fare structures are often a combination of various fare strategies such as, e.g., distance-based fares, zone-based fares or flat fares. The rules that determine the actual ticket price are often very complex. Accordingly, fare structures are notoriously difficult to model, as it is in general not sufficient to simply assign costs to arcs in a routing graph. Research into POEAP is scarce and usually either relies on heuristics or only considers restrictive fare models that are too limited to cover the full scope of most real-world applications. We therefore introduce conditional fare networks (CFNs), the first framework for representing a large number of real-world fare structures. We show that by relaxing label domination criteria, CFNs can be used as a building block in label-setting multi-objective shortest path algorithms. By the nature of their extensive modeling capabilities, optimizing over CFNs is NP-hard. However, we demonstrate that adapting the multi-criteria RAPTOR (MCRAP) algorithm for CFNs yields an algorithm capable of solving POEAP to optimality in less than 400 ms on average on a real-world data set. By restricting the size of the Pareto-set, running times are further reduced to below 10 ms.
Experimental Observation of Bound States of 2D Dirac Electrons at Surface Steps of the Topological Insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$
Creators: name: Fedotov, N. I.
name: Zaitsev-Zotov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topologically protected surface states of three-dimensional topological insulators provide a model framework for studying massless Dirac electrons in two dimensions. Usually a step on the surface of a topological insulator is treated as a scatterer for the Dirac electrons, and the study of its effect is focused on the interference of the incident and scattered electrons. Then a major role plays the warping of the Dirac cone far from the Dirac point. The existence of another significant effect near the Dirac point brought about by the presence of steps is experimentally demonstrated here. Namely the band bending in the vicinity of steps leads to formation of 1D bound states in the corresponding potential wells. The observation of bound states in such potential wells in our scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy investigation of the surface of the topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ is reported. Numerical simulations support our conclusion and provide a recipe for the identification of such states.
description: revtex, 5 pages, 3 figures, revised version, updated introduction and reference list, removed figure 4; DOI and new abstract
Towards a practical quantitative framework for repeated time-lapse seismic data interpretation
Creators: name: Da Motta Pires, Paulo Roberto
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Time-lapse seismic data, also referred to as 4D seismic, occupy a central position in reservoir management. This research pursues a practical, expedite framework to generate quantitative information even from noisy time-lapse seismic datasets, provided that they support consistent qualitative interpretations. The proposed method takes advantage of repeated time-lapse seismic data, which, however in a discrete fashion, can potentially capture the fluid flow dynamics in the reservoir. We reconstruct the continuous expansion of time-lapse seismic anomalies (visual delimitation of bright-spot regions) by performing the geometrical interpolation of their boundaries. Our method relies solely on the shapes of and on the extensions covered by these boundaries, minimising the importance of the magnitude of the time-lapse seismic signal. This interpolation employs the Fast-Marching Method and trajectory (pathline) tracing to estimate the anomaly boundary arrival times in the reservoir. Combined with the classic theory of immiscible displacement, these times generate quantitative information, namely water saturation maps, without resorting to rock-physics modelling or to time-consuming reservoir modelling workflows. Although we target real applications, we validate our method with a synthetic dataset, which realistically represents a waterflooded sandstone reservoir. The estimated water saturations reveal close agreement with their actual levels. These results render our method at least as accurate as well adjusted reservoir simulation models, though requiring significantly less data and only a fraction of the time spent in conventional history matching. We also discuss potential gains of our method if supported by additional reservoir information and if integrated to reservoir modelling routines.
A gapped SU(3) spin liquid with Z_3 topological order
Creators: name: Kurecic, Ivana
name: Vanderstraeten, Laurens
name: Schuch, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a topological spin liquid (TSL) model on the kagome lattice, with SU(3) symmetry with the fundamental representation at each lattice site, based on Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS). Using the PEPS framework, we can adiabatically connect the model to a fixed point model (analogous to the dimer model for Resonating Valence Bond states) which we prove to be locally equivalent to a $Z_3$ quantum double model. Numerical study of the interpolation reveals no sign of a phase transition or long-range order, characterizing the model conclusively as a gapped TSL. We further study the entanglement spectrum of the model and find that while it is gapped, it exhibits branches with vastly different velocities, with the slow branch matching the counting of a chiral $SU(3)_1$ CFT, suggesting that it can be deformed to a model with chiral $SU(3)_1$ entanglement spectrum.
description: 5 pages. Accepted version
Perturbation Theory in a Microcanonical Ensemble
Creators: name: Pradhan, Ritapriya
name: Bhattacharjee, Jayanta K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microcanonical ensemble is a natural starting point of statistical mechanics. However, when it comes to perturbation theory in statistical mechanics, traditionally only the canonical and grand canonical ensembles have been used. In this article we show how the microcanonical ensemble can be directly used to carry out perturbation theory for both non-interacting and interacting systems. We obtain the first non-trivial order answers for the specific heat of anharmonic oscillators and for the virial expansion in real gases. They are in exact agreement with the results obtained from the canonical ensemble. In addition, we show how crossover functions for the specific heat of anharmonic oscillators can be constructed using a microcanonical ensemble and also how the subsequent terms of the virial expansion can be obtained. However, we find that if we consider quantum free particles in a one-dimensional box of extension L, then the two ensembles give strikingly different answers for the first correction to the specific heat in the high temperature limit.
From Snakes to Stars, the Statistics of Collapsed Objects - I. Lower--order Clustering Properties
Creators: name: Munshi, Dipak
name: Coles, Peter
name: Melott, Adrian L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The highly nonlinear regime of gravitational clustering is characterized by the presence of scale-invariant form of many-body correlation functions. Useful insights can be obtained by investigating the consequences of a generic scaling {\em ansatz}. Extending earlier studies by Bernardeau & Schaeffer (1992) we calculate the detailed consequences of such scaling. We generalise the two-point cumulant correlators to a hierarchy of multi-point cumulant correlators (MCC). We introduce the concept of reduced cumulant correlators (RCC) and their related generating functions. Using analytical and diagrammatic method we show that every new vertex of the tree representation of higher-order correlations has its own reduced cumulant correlator. In the limit of large separations, MCCs of arbitrary order can be expressed in terms of RCCs of the same and lower order. We relate the generating functions of RCCs with the statistics of {\em collapsed} objects. We develop the hierarchy for the correlation functions of overdense regions. In this vein, we compute the lower-order cumulants and cumulant correlators for overdense regions. Our study shows how they vary as a function of the initial power spectrum of primordial density fluctuations (abridged).
description: 16 pages including 3 figures, MNRAS, submitted
The effect of pressure on hydrogen solubility in Zircaloy-4
Creators: name: Weekes, H. E.
name: Dye, D.
name: Proctor, J. E.
name: Smith, D. S.
name: Simionescu, C.
name: Prior, T. J.
name: Wenman, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of pressure on the room temperature solubility of hydrogen in Zircaloy-4 was examined using synchrotron X-ray diffraction on small ground flake samples in a diamond anvil cell at pressures up to 20.9 GPa. Different combinations of hydrogen level/state in the sample and of pressure transmitting medium were examined; in all three cases examined, it could be concluded that pressure resulted in the dissolution of d hydrides and that interstitial hydrogen retards the formation of w Zr. A pressure of around 9 GPa was required to halve the hydride fraction. These results imply that the effect of pressure is thermodynamically analogous to that of increasing temperature, but that the effect is small. The results are consistent with the volume per Zr atom of the a, d and w phases, with the bulk moduli of a and d, and with previous measurements of the hydrogen site molar volumes in the a and d phases. The results are interpreted in terms of their implication for our understanding of the driving forces for hydride precipitation at crack tips, which are in a region of hydrostatic tensile stress on the order of 1.5 GPa.
description: Updated in response to reviewer comments; results identical but discussion elaborated on some points. Accepted for publication in J. Nuclear Materials, 11 Jul 2019
AMBiT: A program for high-precision relativistic atomic structure calculations
Creators: name: Kahl, E. V.
name: Berengut, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the AMBiT software package for general atomic structure calculations. This software implements particle-hole configuration interaction with many-body perturbation theory (CI+MBPT) for fully relativistic calculations of atomic energy levels, electric- and magnetic-multipole transition matrix elements, g-factors and isotope shifts. New numerical methods and modern high-performance computing techniques employed by this software allow for the calculation of open-shell systems with many valence-electrons ($N > 5$) to a high degree of accuracy and in a highly computationally efficient manner.
The Winner-Take-All Dilemma
Creators: name: Kikuchi, Kazuya
name: Koriyama, Yukio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider collective decision making when the society consists of groups endowed with voting weights. Each group chooses an internal rule that specifies the allocation of its weight to the alternatives as a function of its members' preferences. Under fairly general conditions, we show that the winner-take-all rule is a dominant strategy, while the equilibrium is Pareto dominated, highlighting the dilemma structure between optimality for each group and for the whole society. We also develop a technique for asymptotic analysis and show Pareto dominance of the proportional rule. Our numerical computation for the US Electoral College verifies its sensibility.
MOESM2 of Cycles of gene expression and genome response during mammalian tissue regeneration
Creators: name: Rib, Leonor
name: Villeneuve, Dominic
name: Shilpi Minocha
name: Praz, Viviane
name: Hernandez, Nouria
name: Guex, Nicolas
name: Winship Herr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Supplemental Methods and References.
Worldwide AI Ethics: a review of 200 guidelines and recommendations for AI governance
Creators: name: Corrêa, Nicholas Kluge
name: Galvão, Camila
name: Santos, James William
name: Del Pino, Carolina
name: Pinto, Edson Pontes
name: Barbosa, Camila
name: Massmann, Diogo
name: Mambrini, Rodrigo
name: Galvão, Luiza
name: Terem, Edmund
name: de Oliveira, Nythamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, bringing forth numerous benefits and conveniences. However, this expansion has also provoked ethical concerns, such as privacy breaches, algorithmic discrimination, security and reliability issues, transparency, and other unintended consequences. To determine whether a global consensus exists regarding the ethical principles that should govern AI applications and to contribute to the formation of future regulations, this paper conducts a meta-analysis of 200 governance policies and ethical guidelines for AI usage published by public bodies, academic institutions, private companies, and civil society organizations worldwide. We identified at least 17 resonating principles prevalent in the policies and guidelines of our dataset, released as an open-source database and tool. We present the limitations of performing a global scale analysis study paired with a critical analysis of our findings, presenting areas of consensus that should be incorporated into future regulatory efforts. All components tied to this work can be found in https://nkluge-correa.github.io/worldwide_AI-ethics/
Star Counts and the Warped and Flaring Milky Way Disk
Creators: name: Gyuk, Geza
name: Flynn, Chris
name: Evans, N. Wyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports the star count predictions of warped and flaring models of the outer Milky Way disk. These have been suggested as possible locations of the lenses responsible for the microlensing events towards the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Three such models are investigated in detail and the theoretical predictions are confronted with {\it Hubble Space Telescope} (HST) star count data in 7 low latitude fields ($30^\circ < | b| < 40^\circ$). If the warped and flaring disk population has the same characteristics as disk stars in the solar neighbourhood, then the models can be unambiguously ruled out. Metallicity gradients are well-known in disk galaxies and may cause the outer disk population to differ in colors and luminosity from that locally. This effect is studied using a simple ansatz for the variation in the color-magnitude relation with position and while it is shown to lead to better agreement with the star counts, upper limits on the contribution of the warped and flaring disk to the optical depth are still below the value measured towards the LMC. Only if the warp is very asymmetric or if the luminosity function changes strongly with Galactocentric radius can the models be made consistent with the starcounts.
description: 15 pages, submitted to ApJ
Outage Analysis of Aerial Semi-Grant-Free NOMA Systems
Creators: name: Lei, Hongjiang
name: Zhu, Chen
name: Park, Ki-Hong
name: Ansari, Imran Shafique
name: Lei, Weijia
name: Tang, Hong
name: Kim, Kyeong Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we analyze the outage performance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-enabled downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication systems with the semi-grant-free (SGF) transmission scheme. A UAV provides coverage services for a grant-based (GB) user and one user is allowed to utilize the same channel resource opportunistically. The hybrid successive interference cancellation scheme is implemented in the downlink NOMA scenarios for the first time. The analytical expressions for the exact and asymptotic outage probability (OP) of the grant-free (GF) user are derived. The results demonstrate that no-zero diversity order can be achieved only under stringent conditions on users' quality of service requirements. Subsequently, we propose an efficient dynamic power allocation (DPA) scheme to relax such data rate constraints to address this issue. The analytical expressions for the exact and asymptotic OP of the GF user with the DPA scheme are derived. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to validate the correctness of the derived analytical expressions and demonstrate the effects of the UAV's location and altitude on the OP of the GF user.
description: accepted by Digital Communications and Networks
Moving mesh finite element modeling of ocean circulation beneath ice shelves
Creators: name: Yeager, Benjamin Adam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The West Antarctic Ice Sheet drains to the ocean through a collection of large ice streams that terminate in floating ice shelves. In many places, warm ocean water intrudes beneath these ice shelves, driving ocean circulation and melting the ice, ultimately resulting in ice shelf thinning and grounding line retreat. The importance of this ice–ocean interaction to the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has inspired a number of modelling studies of ocean circulation beneath ice shelves. These studies often use models with static and/or structured grids, which are sufficient for capturing large-scale ocean circulation with simple ice geometries, but are less well-suited for modelling sub-shelf ocean dynamics on smaller spatial and temporal scales where ice geometry is often complex and responds dynamically to melting, freezing and tidal forces. In this thesis, a moving-mesh, nonhydrostatic, finite element ocean model is developed and applied to study relatively small-scale hydro- and thermo-dynamic processes beneath ice shelves. First, the model is applied to study the near-grounding-line-region of an ice shelf, where warm deep water accesses the ice and creates a buoyant meltwater plume that rises along the underside of the shelf. Tidal forces cause the ice shelf to flex and modify the velocity of the ocean circulation which, in turn, affects melt rates. For various ocean temperatures, melt rates from the finite element model are compared to melt rates obtained using a simple 1D plume model. The plume model is found to perform well in comparison to the more complex finite element model, closely matching modeled melt rate profiles with respect to distance from the grounding line and changing ocean temperature. In order to allow for more complex, dynamic ice deformation with two-way coupling to the hydrodynamics, partial-differential-equation-based mesh movement schemes are implemented and tested using the FEniCS automated finite element framework. The newly implemented mesh movement schemes are then used in conjunction with the finite element ocean model to simulate the thermo- and hydrodynamics of ocean circulation in an idealized crevasse on the underside of an ice shelf and predict how it might be expected to evolve in time.
The Collisions of HVCs with a Magnetized Gaseous Galactic Disk
Creators: name: Santillan, Alfredo
name: Franco, Jose
name: Martos, Marco
name: Kim, Jongsoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two-dimensional MHD numerical simulations for the interaction of high-velocity clouds with both magnetic and non-magnetic Galactic thick gaseous disks. For the magnetic models, the initial magnetic field is oriented parallel to the disk, and we consider two different field topologies (with and without tension effects): parallel and perpendicular to the plane of motion of the clouds. The impinging clouds move in oblique trajectories and fall toward the central disk with different initial velocities. The $B$-field lines are distorted and compressed during the collision, increasing the field pressure and tension. This prevents the cloud material from penetrating into the disk, and can even transform a high-velocity inflow into an outflow, moving away from the disk. The perturbation creates a complex, turbulent, pattern of MHD waves that are able to traverse the disk of the Galaxy, and induce oscillations on both sides of the plane. Thus, the magnetic field efficiently transmits the perturbation over a large volume, but also acts like a shield that inhibits the mass exchange between the halo and the disk. For the non-magnetized cases, we also uncover some novel features: the evolution of the shocked layer generates a tail that oscillates, creating vorticity and turbulent flows along its trajectory.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 22 text pages with 8 figures
The time structure of Cherenkov images generated by TeV gamma-rays and by cosmic rays
Creators: name: HEGRA Collaboration
name: al, M. Hess et
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time profiles of Cherenkov images of cosmic-ray showers and of gamma-ray showers are investigated, using data gathered with the HEGRA system of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes during the 1997 outbursts of Mrk 501. Photon arrival times are shown to vary across the shower images. The dominant feature is a time gradient along the major axis of the images. The gradient varies with the distance between the telescope and the shower core, and is maximal for large distances. The time profiles of cosmic-ray showers and of gamma-ray showers differ in a characteristic fashion. The main features of the time profiles can be understood in terms of simple geometrical models. Use of the timing information towards improved shower reconstruction and cosmic-ray suppression is discussed.
description: 25 Pages, 16 figures, Latex
title: ADCO, Privilèges de l'Ordre de Cîteaux en matière de succession (Fin XVe siècle), Cart. 176 (11 H 8), f. 0197
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2017
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi

description: Privilèges de l'Ordre de Cîteaux en matière de succession (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 176 (11 H 8), f. 0197, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Privilèges de l'Ordre de Cîteaux en matière de succession (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 176 (11 H 8), f. 0197, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Love and Justice: John Ruskin’s Theory and Practice of Charity
Creators: name: Tsumura, Mai
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: John Ruskin was a philanthropist as well as a critic, both activities informed by strong moral principles. Ruskin’s charity was extensive in its form and type of beneficiaries, ranging from donations of material objects, such as drawings and mineral specimens, to schools to financial support for his pupils and friends. Ruskin scholarship has presented many different aspects of Ruskin’s charitable mind and practice, yet his practice is nonetheless always treated as a partial aspect of the life of the polymath. This thesis takes Ruskin’s charity as its research focus and aims to draw an integrated and broader picture of his particular approach to charity through an investigation of the ideas, motives and dynamism of his activities. It also hopes to depict Ruskin’s complexity and fluidity in his approach to charity, emotions and human relationships.The thesis uses several methods to achieve its objectives. First of all, Ruskin’s primary texts are analyzed in order to dig more deeply into his theoretical understanding of charity. These are contextualized against his religious and family background, to show how both underpin the shaping and reshaping of his ideas. Subsequent chapters then take the form of case studies, to explore Ruskin’s application of theory to practice. Each case study casts a light on different periods, modes and interests of Ruskin’s life, for example, by analyzing letters exchanged between him and his beneficiaries, which vividly illustrates the dynamism of Ruskin’s charitable practice and relationships. In so doing, this thesis will advance our understanding of Ruskin’s theory and practice of charity in a long history from the nineteenth century through to the present day: Ruskinian charitable enterprises are now flourishing worldwide, within and outside the UK, as Ruskin’s legacy.
MOESM1 of Cycles of gene expression and genome response during mammalian tissue regeneration
Creators: name: Rib, Leonor
name: Villeneuve, Dominic
name: Shilpi Minocha
name: Praz, Viviane
name: Hernandez, Nouria
name: Guex, Nicolas
name: Winship Herr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. (A) Description of the mouse liver regeneration stages, collection time points of liver samples and the food and light conditions of the mice. Adapted from [10]. X = eXcised liver hepatectomy; C = controls; S = sham surgeries; W = week. (B) Number of replicates per experimental condition and the associated RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq experiments performed. In a preliminary PH analysis (Series 1), we performed ChIP-Seq on pools of three livers at the post-PH time points indicated and no sham surgeries. Subsequently, we performed Series 2 with the full set of time points and selected sham surgeries, with RNA-Seq analyses of generally three individual livers and, where indicated, ChIP-Seq on pools of three livers. Note that Series 2 was performed in three separate time periods (Series 2.1, 2.2, 2.3); for two samples, X20 and X36, duplicate samples were prepared in Series 2.1 and 2.2. The samples from Series 2.1 were used in the data shown and discussed in the text. The Series 1 60-h sample was used for the K36me2 versus H3K36me3 study in Fig. 6. (C) Correlation of three triplicates from each of Series 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 (nine samples total) at time C0. The replicates are indicated on the diagonal. Above the diagonal, pairwise scatterplots display the similarity between replicates, and below the diagonal, each pairwise Pearson coefficient is indicated. Correlations within experimental series (Pearson correlation coefficients of at least 0.98) show slightly better correlation coefficients than among series (Pearson correlation coefficient of at least 0.94). (D) Two-dimensional plot displaying the coordinates of the collected samples in the PC1 and PC2 of the PCA using the set of 12,025 expressed genes as shown in Fig. 1b, but with the standard deviations in PC1 and PC2 of the replicates for each condition displayed as ovals.
Real-time visual SLAM with an event camera
Creators: name: Kim, Hanme
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) based on computer vision has remarkably matured over the past few years, and is now rapidly transitioning into practical applications such as autonomous vehicles, drones, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) devices, and service robots to name a few. These real-time, real-world SLAM applications require instantaneous reaction to dynamic, real-world environments, the ability to operate in scenes which contain extreme lighting variation, and high power efficiency. The standard video cameras on which they rely, however, run into problems when trying to supply these, due to either huge bandwidth requirements and power consumption at high frame-rates, or diminishing image quality with blur, noise or saturation. The core work of this research concerns these constraints imposed by standard cameras, and was motivated by silicon retinas in neuromorphic engineering mimicking some of the superior properties of human vision. One such bio-inspired imaging sensor called an event camera offers a breakthrough new paradigm for real-time vision, with its high measurement rate, low latency, high dynamic range, and low data rate properties. The event camera outputs not a sequence of video frames like a standard camera, but a stream of asynchronous events at microsecond resolution, indicating when individual pixels record log intensity changes of a pre-set threshold size. But it has proven very challenging to use this novel sensor in most computer vision problems, because it is not possible to apply standard computer vision techniques, which require synchronous intensity information, to its fundamentally different visual measurements. In this thesis, we show for the first time that an event stream, with no additional sensing, can be used to track accurate camera rotation while building a persistent and high quality mosaic of an unstructured scene which is super-resolution accurate and has high dynamic range. We also present the first algorithm provably able to track a general 6D motion along with reconstruction of arbitrary structure including its intensity and the reconstruction of grayscale video that exclusively relies on event camera data. All of the methods operate on an event-by-event basis in real-time and are based on probabilistic filtering to maximise update rates with low latency. Through experimental results, we show that extremely rapid motion tracking and high dynamic range scene reconstruction without motion blur can be achievable by harnessing the superior properties of the event camera, and the potential for consuming far less power based on the low data rate property. We hope that this work opens up the door to practical solutions to the current limitations of real-world visual SLAM applications.
Multi-view Feature Augmentation with Adaptive Class Activation Mapping
Creators: name: Gao, Xiang
name: Tian, Yingjie
name: Qi, Zhiquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose an end-to-end-trainable feature augmentation module built for image classification that extracts and exploits multi-view local features to boost model performance. Different from using global average pooling (GAP) to extract vectorized features from only the global view, we propose to sample and ensemble diverse multi-view local features to improve model robustness. To sample class-representative local features, we incorporate a simple auxiliary classifier head (comprising only one 1$\times$1 convolutional layer) which efficiently and adaptively attends to class-discriminative local regions of feature maps via our proposed AdaCAM (Adaptive Class Activation Mapping). Extensive experiments demonstrate consistent and noticeable performance gains achieved by our multi-view feature augmentation module.
description: An arxiv version of the paper published in Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-21). See https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/94
Formation of polymer-nanoparticle capsules with tuneable morphologies by solvent extraction
Creators: name: Udoh, Christiana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Capsules are employed in a range of industries as essential vehicles for the storage and delivery of drugs, biologically active species, surfactants, and personal care formulations. Key performance aspects are dictated by the capsule's overall shape and dimensions, porosity and internal microstructure. Various approaches are employed in the fabrication of capsules with precise size and shape control. This work focuses on the formation of capsules by the selective removal of solvent from monodisperse solution droplets - produced using microfluidics - upon immersion in an external solvent. The microfluidic generation of microporous polymer capsules using an ex-situ phase inversion process is presented and the effect of various process parameters on capsule structure and internal microstructure examined. These include polymer concentration, droplet size and non-solvent quality. Further, the effect of ternary solution thermodynamics on the microstructure of the capsules is explored, and precise control over pore size and distribution is demonstrated. Building on these findings and polymer-colloid phase behaviour, the fabrication of nanocomposite capsules, generated from polymer-nanoparticle mixtures, is reported and a well-defined external and internal morphology diagram established. These include nucleated and bicontinuous microstructures, as well as isotropic and non-isotropic external shapes. Upon dissolution, rapid and modulated, pulsed, release of the nanoparticle clusters over timescales ranging seconds to hours is demonstrated. The release profile is found to be dependent on capsule morphology, and a systematic study of the role of extraction solvent and kinetics on capsule gradient structure is presented; this provides an effective strategy to decouple demixing and coarsening timescales from the capsule solidification time, and is exploited to controllably design capsules with varied internal microstructures: hollow, core-shell, bicontinuous and compact domains. Overall, the work presents a robust and facile microfluidic approach for the design and fabrication of microcapsules, exhibiting a wide range of internal and external morphologies, by exploiting solution/mixture thermodynamics, solvent exchange kinetics, and phase inversion.
Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Loxia
Loxia curvirostra

description: Loxia curvirostra [spec. nov.]
L. rostro forficato. Fn. svec. 177.
Loxia. Gesn. av. 592. Aldr. orn. l. 12. c. 47. Charl. onom. 68. t. 68. Will. orn. 181. t. 44. Raj. av. 86. Alb. orn. 1. p. 58. t. 61. Frisch. av. 2. t. 11. f. 3. 4.
Habitat in Europae Abietis, strobilos enucleans, at non in ipsa arbore, disseminator Abietis rostro singulari.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 171, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206