cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Changing approaches of prosecutors towards juvenile repeated sex-offenders: A Bayesian evaluation
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Dipankar
name: Sinha, Debajyoti
name: Lipsitz, Stuart
name: Letourneau, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing state-wide data bases on prosecutors' decisions about juvenile offenders are important, yet often un-explored resources for understanding changes in patterns of judicial decisions over time. We investigate the extent and nature of change in judicial behavior toward juveniles following the enactment of a new set of mandatory registration policies between 1992 and 1996 via analyzing the data on prosecutors' decisions of moving forward for youths repeatedly charged with sexual violence in South Carolina. To analyze this longitudinal binary data, we use a random effects logistic regression model via incorporating an unknown change-point year. For convenient physical interpretation, our models allow the proportional odds interpretation of effects of the explanatory variables and the change-point year with and without conditioning on the youth-specific random effects. As a consequence, the effects of the unknown change-point year and other factors can be interpreted as changes in both within youth and population averaged odds of moving forward. Using a Bayesian paradigm, we consider various prior opinions about the unknown year of the change in the pattern of prosecutors' decision. Based on the available data, we make posteriori conclusions about whether a change-point has occurred between 1992 and 1996 (inclusive), evaluate the degree of confidence about the year of change-point, estimate the magnitude of the effects of the change-point and other factors, and investigate other provocative questions about patterns of prosecutors' decisions over time.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS295 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Observation of the Magnon Hall Effect
Creators: name: Onose, Y.
name: Ideue, T.
name: Katsura, H.
name: Shiomi, Y.
name: Nagaosa, N.
name: Tokura, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hall effect usually occurs when the Lorentz force acts on a charge current in a conductor in the presence of perpendicular magnetic field. On the other hand, neutral quasi-particles such as phonons and spins can carry heat current and potentially show the Hall effect without resorting to the Lorentz force. We report experimental evidence for the anomalous thermal Hall effect caused by spin excitations (magnons) in an insulating ferromagnet with a pyrochlore lattice structure. Our theoretical analysis indicates that the propagation of the spin wave is influenced by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya spin-orbit interaction, which plays the role of the vector potential as in the intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in metallic ferromagnets.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Science on February 12 and published by Science on July 16, 2010 (10.1126/science.1188260). Supporting online material available at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;329/5989/297/DC1
Tunable wideband bandstop acoustic filter based on 2D multi-physical phenomena periodic systems
Creators: name: Romero-García, V.
name: Sánchez-Pérez, J. V.
name: Garcia-Raffi, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical properties of a periodic distribution of absorbent resonators is used in this work to design a tunable wideband bandstop acoustic filter. Analytical and numerical simulations as well as experimental validations show that the control of the resonances and the absorption of the scatterers along with their periodic arrangement in air introduces high technological possibilities to control noise. Sound manipulation is perhaps the most obvious application of the structures presented in this work. We apply this methodology to develop a device as an alternative to the conventional acoustic barriers with several properties from the acoustical point of view but also with additional aesthetic and constructive characteristics.
Intuitionistic fixed point theories over Heyting arithmetic
Creators: name: Arai, Toshiyasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03F30

description: In this paper we show that an intuitionistic theory for fixed points is conservative over the Heyting arithmetic with respect to a certain class of formulas. This extends partly the result of mine. The proof is inspired by the quick cut-elimination due to G. Mints.
Anthony John Tree (1937–2018)
Creators: name: Whittington, Phil
name: Craig, Adrian JFK
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Anthony John Tree (1937–2018)
FEDERALISMO BRASILEIRO, DESCENTRALIZAÇÃO E CORRUPÇÃO: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE A (IN)EXISTÊNCIA DE CAUSA-EFEITO NESTA RELAÇÃO
Creators: name: Luiz Alberto Blanchet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 180119 Law and Society
subject: FOS: Law

description: A construção de um Estado federal acompanhou a
história do Brasil até os dias atual. No entanto, diferentemente do processo que ocorreu nos Estados Unidos, país que se tornou uma federação por agregação; no Brasil, isto se realizou por sagregação, fortalecendo as oligarquias locais e consolidando certo ainda muitos presentes na sociedade, como o coronelismo. P aralelamente, como distorções na relação entre os entes federados conduzem como hipóteses de solução complicada, como a suficiência econômica de estados e municípios; uma desigualdade regional; o robustecimento de elites políticas estaduais; bem como nas constantes tensões entre a tendência centralizadora da União e a resistência deestados e municípios, não que tange à distribuição de competências.
Longitudinal characterization of psychosis among adults living in marginal housing
Creators: name: Jones, Andrea Amy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: People living in marginal or inadequate housing experience increased risk for premature mortality and face accumulating health challenges associated with poverty, substance use, and physical and mental illness. In particular, psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, may be more common. Psychosis, or grossly impaired reality testing, is a key feature of these disorders, but remains poorly understood, due to the heterogeneous course, multifaceted etiology, and complex clinical presentation. As part of a five-year longitudinal study of adults living in urban marginalized housing in Vancouver, Canada, we sought to characterize the consequences, risk factors, and dynamics of psychosis over time. First, we demonstrated that psychotic disorders were a significant risk factor for premature mortality over the study period, beyond other potentially treatable illnesses. Second, through direct clinical interviews each month, we observed a high prevalence of psychosis and psychosis risk factors. Among those without schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, the number of days of methamphetamine, powder cocaine, cannabis, or alcohol use predicted dose-related increases in odds of psychosis, without evidence of interaction or reverse causation. Recent trauma, and histories of early-life trauma or brain injury, also had independent effects on psychosis. No relationships with risk factors were demonstrated in the schizophrenia/schizoaffective group. Lastly, we examined how psychosis may evolve over time through the interplay between psychotic symptoms themselves. By assessing symptoms monthly and applying a multilevel dynamic network analytic approach, we disentangled the within-individual temporal dynamics of psychotic symptoms from the stable between-individual differences. Psychotic symptoms fluctuated and were positively reinforcing over time. Delusions had a central role in the symptom network, at both the between-individual and within-individual levels. Delusions were associated with more severe unusual thought content or suspiciousness, but not conceptual disorganization. In the dynamic symptom network, suspiciousness was upstream and hallucinations were downstream in the symptom activation cascade. Dynamic network connectivity was greatest in the group with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Overall, these studies identify multiple risk factors and psychopathological processes that contribute to the longitudinal characteristics of psychosis and suggest potential targets for intervention and prevention strategies among adults at risk for psychosis.
Vertex subsets with minimal width and dual width in $Q$-polynomial distance-regular graphs
Creators: name: Tanaka, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E30, 06A12

description: We study $Q$-polynomial distance-regular graphs from the point of view of what we call descendents, that is to say, those vertex subsets with the property that the width $w$ and dual width $w^*$ satisfy $w+w^*=d$, where $d$ is the diameter of the graph. We show among other results that a nontrivial descendent with $w\ge 2$ is convex precisely when the graph has classical parameters. The classification of descendents has been done for the 5 classical families of graphs associated with short regular semilattices. We revisit and characterize these families in terms of posets consisting of descendents, and extend the classification to all of the 15 known infinite families with classical parameters and with unbounded diameter.
description: 31 pages
4TU.ResearchData on FAIR data
Creators: name: Clare, Connie
name: Heijer, Kees Den
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: About the Speakers:
 Connie Clare, Community Manager, 4TU.ResearchData
 Kees den Heijer, Senior Developer, 4TU.ResearchData

 4TU.ResearchData is an international data repository for science, engineering and design disciplines. Built around the technical infrastructure, the online community comprises researchers, research data supporters (data stewards, data managers, research software engineers, IT and communications specialists) and technical experts (repository back office staff). The goal of the community is to provide an inclusive space for members to connect and exchange knowledge about best practices for the creation and reuse of FAIR data within diverse scientific domains. This includes the development and provision of discipline-specific guidance, training and resources to support researchers in making their data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (The FAIR Principles). About the presentation:
 This presentation on '4TU.ResearchData on FAIR Data' was delivered during a 1 hour webinar hosted by Figshare. Part I of the presentation provides information about the community (human infrastructure) around the data repository. Part II provides more detailed information about the technical infrastructure to support FAIR data.
Quantum Langevin model for exoergic ion-molecule reactions and inelastic processes
Creators: name: Gao, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We presents a fully quantal version of the Langevin model for the total rate of exoergic ion-molecule reactions or inelastic processes. The model, which is derived from a rigorous multichannel quantum-defect formulation of bimolecular processes, agrees with the classical Langevin model at sufficiently high temperatures. It also gives the first analytic description of ion-molecule reactions and inelastic processes in the ultracold regime where the quantum nature of the relative motion between the reactants becomes important.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
From one- to two-dimensional solitons in the Ginzburg-Landau model of lasers with frequency selective feedback
Creators: name: Paulau, P. V.
name: Gomila, D.
name: Colet, P.
name: Malomed, B. A.
name: Firth, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the cubic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation coupled to a dissipative linear equation as a model of lasers with an external frequency-selective feedback. It is known that the feedback can stabilize the one-dimensional (1D) self-localized mode. We aim to extend the analysis to 2D stripe-shaped and vortex solitons. The radius of the vortices increases linearly with their topological charge, $m$, therefore the flat-stripe soliton may be interpreted as the vortex with $m=\infty$, while vortex solitons can be realized as stripes bent into rings. The results for the vortex solitons are applicable to a broad class of physical systems. There is a qualitative agreement between our results and those recently reported for models with saturable nonlinearity.
description: Submitted to PRE
Analyzing the Performance of Active Queue Management Algorithms
Creators: name: Ahammed, G. F. Ali
name: Banu, Reshma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Congestion is an important issue which researchers focus on in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) network environment. To keep the stability of the whole network, congestion control algorithms have been extensively studied. Queue management method employed by the routers is one of the important issues in the congestion control study. Active queue management (AQM) has been proposed as a router-based mechanism for early detection of congestion inside the network. In this paper we analyzed several active queue management algorithms with respect to their abilities of maintaining high resource utilization, identifying and restricting disproportionate bandwidth usage, and their deployment complexity. We compare the performance of FRED, BLUE, SFB, and CHOKe based on simulation results, using RED and Drop Tail as the evaluation baseline. The characteristics of different algorithms are also discussed and compared. Simulation is done by using Network Simulator(NS2) and the graphs are drawn using X- graph.
description: 19 Pages, IJCNC 2010
Minibands, magnetic breakdown, and novel magnetoresistance oscillations in short-period lateral superlattices
Creators: name: Langenbuch, Michael
name: Hennig, Ralf
name: Suhrke, Michael
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Albrecht, C.
name: Smet, J.
name: Weiss, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Miniband; Superlattice; Magnetoresistance oscillation
subject: 530 Physik

description: Novel 1/B periodic low-field oscillations observed in the magnetoresistance of short-period lateral superlattices with weak electrostatic modulation are analyzed as being due to the formation of minibands. The energy gaps caused by the weak superlattice potential distort the Fermi circle of the unmodulated two-dimensional electron system (2DES) at the Brillouin-zone boundaries and form smaller closed Fermi contours giving rise to the novel oscillations. We discuss the periodicity of these novel oscillations for one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) lateral modulation and compare their dependence on the electron density with the well-known classical commensurability oscillations.
On the dependence of the reflection operator on boundary conditions for biharmonic functions
Creators: name: Savina, Tatiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31B30, 35G05, 35J40

description: The biharmonic equation arises in areas of continuum mechanics including linear elasticity theory and the Stokes flows, as well as in a radar imaging problem. We discuss the reflection formulas for the biharmonic functions $u(x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^2$ subject to different boundary conditions on a real-analytic curve in the plane. The obtained formulas, generalizing the celebrated Schwarz symmetry principle for harmonic functions, have different structures. In particular, in the special case of the boundary, $Γ_0 :=\{y=0\}$, reflections are point to point when the given on $Γ_0$ conditions are $u=\partial_nu=0$, $u=Δu=0$ or $\partial_nu=\partial nΔu=0$, and point to a continuous set when $u=\partial_nΔu=0$ or $\partial_nu=Δu=0$ on $Γ_0$.
description: 18 pages
Spin-splitting in the electron subband of asymmetric GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells: the multiband envelope function approach
Creators: name: Wissinger, L.
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Winkler, R.
name: Jusserand, B.
name: Richards, D.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The dependence on carrier concentration of the anisotropic spin splitting of the lowest electron subband in asymmetrically doped GaAs/Al$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$As quantum wells is determined. We employ the multiband envelope function approach based on 8 x 8 and 14 x 14 {\bf k·p} Hamiltonians. Our self-consistent calculations yield results in quantitative agreement with experimental data obtained from inelastic light scattering.
The ‘Technology in Palliative Care’ (TIP) study: a Delphi study to define research priorities for the use of technology for the clinical management of people with serious illness
Creators: name: Nwosu, Amara Callistus
name: McGlinchey, Tamsin
name: Mason, Stephen
Publisher: name: AMRC Open Research
Year: 2020

description: Background/aims:
 The development of data-driven technology presents an opportunity to improve quality and efficiency of healthcare provision and patient experience. It is important to carefully evaluate current and planned future developments, to identify research priority areas and determine how resources should be best utilised. This project aimed to explore how digital technology can improve the care of people with palliative care needs by setting “priority areas” for further research and development.

 Methods:
 A scoping literature review was conducted. Two rounds of international Delphi questionnaires were completed, followed by a consensus meeting of experts and a public engagement event.

 Results:
 One hundred and eight experts (from healthcare, academic and technology) from 11 countries participated in round 1 Delphi. The second round Delphi questionnaire was completed by 55 (53% of 1st round) participants in nine countries. Eleven experts attended the final consensus meeting. A total of 12 priorities were selected (from a list of 33) which were summarised into eight themes. These themes were: Big Data; mobile devices; ehealth/telehealth; virtual reality; smart homes; biotechnology and digital legacy. A public engagement meeting of six lay representative was conducted to discuss each priority area in depth and identify future research questions.

 Conclusions:
 The identified priorities represent a wide range of important emerging areas in field of digital health, personalised medicine and data science. Collaborative studies are required to address these priority areas, which will aim to improve the care and experience for people with palliative care needs.
Spiral microfluidic devices for cell separation and sorting in bioprocesses
Creators: name: Herrmann, Niklas
name: Neubauer, Peter
name: Birkholz, Mario
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: microfluidic system
subject: cell
subject: bioprocessing
subject: inertial system
subject: microchannel
subject: biotechnology
subject: review

description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Biomicrofluidics, 13(6), 061501 (2019) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.51252644.
description: Inertial microfluidic systems have been arousing interest in medical applications due to their simple and cost-efficient use. However, comparably small sample volumes in the microliter and milliliter ranges have so far prevented efficient applications in continuous bioprocesses. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that these systems are well suited for cell separation in bioprocesses because of their facile adaptability to various reactor sizes and cell types. This review will discuss potential applications of inertial microfluidic cell separation systems in downstream bioprocesses and depict recent advances in inertial microfluidics for bioprocess intensification. This review thereby focusses on spiral microchannels that separate particles at a moderate Reynolds number in a laminar flow (Re
Surface density of states and topological edge states in non-centrosymmetric superconductors
Creators: name: Yada, Keiji
name: Sato, Masatoshi
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Yokoyama, Takehito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Andreev bound state (ABS) and surface density of state (SDOS) of non-centrosymmetric superconductor where spin-singlet $d$-wave pairing mixes with spin-triplet $p$ (or $f)$-wave one by spin-orbit coupling. For $d_{xy} + p$-wave pairing, ABS appears as a zero energy state. The present ABS is a Majorana edge mode preserving the time reversal symmetry. We calculate topological invariant number and discuss the relevance to a single Majorana edge mode. In the presence of the Majorana edge mode, the SDOS depends strongly on the direction of the Zeeman field.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures
Shell structure and exchange-related spin effects for quantum dots in a magnetic field.
Creators: name: Steffens, Oliver
name: Suhrke, Michael
name: Rössler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Quantum dot; Current spin density-functional theory; Exchange correlation
subject: 530 Physik

description: Ground-state calculations based on current spin density-functional theory for circular parabolic quantum dots are presented which reveal interesting spin effects in dependence on an external magnetic field: Hund's first rule (well-known from atomic physics for zero magnetic field) is related to the level occupancy near the Fermi energy and determines the spin configuration of the ground state in finite magnetic field. Consequently, the addition spectrum of the quantum dot exhibits a specific non-monotonous dependence on magnetic field, which is visible in recent quantum transport experiments.
Electron g factor in one- and zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures
Creators: name: Kieselev, A.
name: Ivchenko, E.
name: Rössler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We investigate theoretically the Zeeman effect on the lowest confined electron in quantum wires and quantum dots. A general relation is established between the symmetry of a low-dimensional system and properties of the electron g factor tensor, g $_{$\alpha$ $\beta$}$ . The powerful method used earlier to calculate the transverse g factor in quantum wells is extended to one-dimensional (1D) and 0D zinc-blende-based nanostructures and analytical expressions are derived in the frame of Kane's model for the g factors in quantum wells, cylindrical wires, and spherical dots. The role of dimensionality is illustrated on two particular heteropairs, GaAs/Al$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$As and Ga$_{1-x}$In$_{x}$As/InP. The efficiency of the developed theoretical concept is demonstrated by calculating the three principal values of the g factor tensor in rectangular quantum wires in dependence on the wire width to establish also the connection with the 2D case.
Dynamics of Non-Abelian Vortices
Creators: name: Eto, Minoru
name: Fujimori, Toshiaki
name: Nitta, Muneto
name: Ohashi, Keisuke
name: Sakai, Norisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scattering is studied using moduli space metric for well-separated vortices of non-Abelian vortices in (2+1)-dimensional U(N) gauge theories with N Higgs fields in the fundamental representation. Unlike vortices in the Abelian-Higgs model, dynamics of non-Abelian vortices has a lot of new features; The kinetic energy in real space can be transfered to that of internal orientational moduli and vice versa, the energy and charge transfer between two vortices, the scattering angle of collisions with a fixed impact parameter depends on the internal orientations, and some resonances appear due to synchronization of the orientations. Scattering of dyonic non-Abelian vortices in a mass deformed theory is also studied. We find a bound state of two vortices moving along coils around a circle, like a loop of a phone code.
description: 45 pages, 13 figures
A realist implementation evaluation of British Columbia's school food and beverage sales policy
Creators: name: Levay, Adrienne Vanessa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: This dissertation explores social processes related to implementation of British Columbia’s (BC) school food and beverage sales policy as a food environment intervention. Using a realist approach to evaluation, the first phase of the research focused on development of a retrospective program theory. This was used to create the framework for an implementation evaluation conducted in the second phase. I used a multiple case study approach with three urban and two rural BC school districts to explore what about this intervention is working, in what contexts, and for whom. Data collection included semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with relevant heath, education, and private industry stakeholders, observations, document analysis and website scans. Data analysis focused on identifying (i) mechanisms influencing if and how stakeholders engage in implementation activities and (ii) specific dimensions of context influencing these mechanisms. I identified four mechanisms. The mandatory mechanism refers to the ways that the mandatory nature of the policy is effective for triggering implementation efforts, influenced by a normative acceptance of the education system hierarchy. The scofflaw mechanism refers to an opposite response to the mandate whereby expected implementers may ignore and/or ‘skirt’ around the policy, influenced by beliefs about the role of government, school food, and food in general. The money mechanism refers to the way in which vendors respond to school and district demand for compliant options, influenced by beliefs about food preferences of children, health and food, and the existence of competition. The resource constraint mechanism refers to how a lack of capacity triggers otherwise motivated stakeholders to not implement. These findings helped refine the initial program theory to include an articulation of specific dimensions of context influencing implementation, an emphasis on the mandatory nature of school food environment policy, and the role of private industry. Interventions to support implementation could include: monitoring systems and incentive schemes, targeted resources to motivated school communities, initiatives to increase availability of compliant options, and to improve the private food vending environment in the vicinity of schools. There is a need to reconsider the implications of using nutrient-based standards that enable reformulation and/or finding loopholes.
Spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry in quantum dots.
Creators: name: Steffens, Oliver
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Suhrke, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present current-spin density-functional calculations for circular parabolic quantum dots in zero magnetic field. We find the possibility for broken time-reversal symmetry via exchange correlation with spontaneously induced orbital currents. For certain electron numbers, this results in new current textures which give rise to a finite magnetization even for ground states with vanishing total angular momentum.
Embedded Plateau Problem
Creators: name: Coskunuzer, Baris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A10, 57M50

description: We show that if C is a simple closed curve bounding an embedded disk in a closed 3-manifold M, then there exists a disk D in M with boundary C such that D minimizes the area among the embedded disks with boundary C. Moreover, D is smooth, minimal and embedded everywhere except where the boundary C meets the interior of D. The same result is also valid for homogenously regular manifolds with sufficiently convex boundary.
Spin resolved ballistic transport in GaAs two-dimensional holes
Creators: name: Lu, J.
name: Shayegan, M.
name: Wiesinger, L.
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Winkler, R.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We report the observation of commensurability oscillations, induced by a one-dimensional periodic potential, in high-mobility GaAs two-dimensional hole system confined to a triangular quantum well. The measured commensurability oscillations exhibit two frequencies which agree well with those calculated from the Fermi contours of the two spin-split hole subbands, providing clear evidence for the observation of spin-resolved ballistic transport.
The role of photon polarization modes in the magnetization and instability of the vacuum in a supercritical field
Creators: name: Villalba-Chavez, Selym
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The response of the QED vacuum in an asymptotically large electromagnetic field is studied. In this regime the vacuum energy is strongly influenced by the vacuum polarization effect. The possible interaction between the virtual electromagnetic radiation and a superstrong magnetic field suggests that a background of virtual photons is a source of magnetization to the whole vacuum. The corresponding contribution to the vacuum magnetization density is determined by considering the individual contribution of each vacuum polarization eigenmode in the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian. Additional issues concerning the transverse pressures are analyzed. We also study the case in which the vacuum is occupied by a superstrong electric field. It is discussed that, in addition to the electron-positron pairs, the vacuum could create photons with different propagation modes. The possible relation between the emission of photons and the birefringent character of the vacuum is shown as well.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted in Phys.Lett.B
Crossing of Landau levels of conduction and valence subbands in an inverted HgTe/CdTe quantum well
Creators: name: Schultz, M.
name: Merkt, U.
name: Sonntag, A.
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Colin, T.
name: Helgesen, P.
name: Skauli, T.
name: Lovold, S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: In the inverted-band regime of HgTe/CdTe quantum wells, the lowest Landau level of the lowest conduction subband and the highest Landau level of the topmost valence subband are predicted to cross at a critical magnetic field B$_{c}$. We study this crossing experimentally with far-infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy in a gated HgTe/CdTe quantum well with tunable electron density. The crossing point is identified by a characteristic exchange of oscillator strength between the two transitions involved, one being a cyclotron resonance, the other an intersubband resonance. The experimental resonance positions, the oscillator strengths as well as the value of B$_{c}$, are in good agreement with theoretical results of a 6 x 6 {\bf k·p} model evaluated for the [211] growth direction.
Doping and temperature dependence of the pseudogap and Fermi arcs in cuprates from $d$-CDW short-range fluctuations in the context of the t-J model
Creators: name: Bejas, Matías
name: Buzon, Guillermo
name: Greco, Andrés
name: Foussats, Adriana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At mean-field level the t-J model shows a phase diagram with close analogies to the phase diagram of hole doped cuprates. An order parameter associated with the flux or $d$ charge-density wave ($d$-CDW) phase competes and coexists with superconductivity at low doping showing characteristics identified with the observed pseudogap in underdoped cuprates. In addition, in the $d$-CDW state the Fermi surface is reconstructed toward pockets with low spectral weight in the outer part, resembling the arcs observed in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments. However, the $d$-CDW requires broken translational symmetry, a fact that is not completely accepted. Including self-energy corrections beyond the mean, field we found that the self-energy can be written as two distinct contributions. One of these (called $Σ_{flux}$) dominates at low energy and originates from the scattering between carriers and $d$-CDW fluctuations in proximity to the $d$-CDW instability. The second contribution (called $Σ_{Rλ}$) dominates at large energy and originates from the scattering between charge fluctuations under the constraint of non double occupancy. In this paper it is shown that $Σ_{flux}$ is responsible for the origin of low-energy features in the spectral function as a pseudogap and Fermi arcs. The obtained doping and temperature dependence of the pseudogap and Fermi arcs is similar to that observed in experiments. At low energy, $Σ_{R λ}$ gives an additional contribution to the closure of the pseudogap.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
Frictional drag in two-dimensional double-layer systems
Creators: name: Badalyan, Samvel M.
name: Rössler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We have calculated the temperature dependence of the frictional drag between spatially separated quantum wells with parallel two-dimensional electron gases due to interlayer electron-electron interaction mediated by virtual exchange of acoustic phonons due to piezoelectric and deformation potential interaction. It is shown that the frictional drag is dominated by the piezoelectric coupling. According to our calculations the temperature dependence of the drag scattering rate divided by T2 exhibits a pronounced peak that for the experimental situation and in agreement with the finding of Gramila et al., Phys. Rev. B 47, 12 957 (1993), is obtained at approximately T ${\approx}$ 2.1 K. We ascribe the appearance of this peak to a change from small to large angle scattering in the virtual phonon exchange.
Dieterici gas as a Unified Model for Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Creators: name: Sivaram, C.
name: Arun, Kenath
name: Nagaraja, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dominance of dark energy in the universe has necessitated the introduction of a repulsive gravity source to make q0 negative. The models for dark energy range from a simple lambda-term to quintessence, Chaplygin gas, etc. We look at the possibility of how change of behaviour of missing energy density, from DM to DE, may be determined by the change in the equation of state of a background fluid instead of a form of potential. The question of cosmic acceleration can be discussed within the framework of theories which do not necessarily include scalar fields.
description: 9 pages, 38 equations
Novel Spin Features in Raman Spectra of Few-Electron Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Steffens, Oliver
name: Suhrke, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We employ a self-consistent, dynamic spin-density functional concept beyond the dipole approximation in order to calculate the collective modes of few-electron quantum dots with partial spin polarization. Because of Hund's rule in a magnetic field the mode energies exhibit characteristic discontinuities in their magnetic-field dependence, which is a manifestation of ground-state transitions between different spin configurations. A finite ground-state spin density couples collective charge- and spin-density excitations. We predict their observability in state-of-the-art Raman experiments.
D-PIL-3.13 TCO Study RHEA
Creators: name: RHEA Group
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: TCO, cloud, commercial cloud, PCP

description: The purpose of this document is to provide an estimate of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of the Buyers' Group use cases; PANCANCER and ALICE.

In this document we describe our approach, analyse each of the use cases and calculate the TCO for those use cases.
Fisher's zeros as boundary of renormalization group flows in complex coupling spaces
Creators: name: Denbleyker, A.
name: Du, Daping
name: Liu, Yuzhi
name: Meurice, Y.
name: Zou, Haiyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose new methods to extend the renormalization group transformation to complex coupling spaces. We argue that the Fisher's zeros are located at the boundary of the complex basin of attraction of infra-red fixed points. We support this picture with numerical calculations at finite volume for two-dimensional O(N) models in the large-N limit and the hierarchical Ising model. We present numerical evidence that, as the volume increases, the Fisher's zeros of 4-dimensional pure gauge SU(2) lattice gauge theory with a Wilson action, stabilize at a distance larger than 0.15 from the real axis in the complex beta=4/g^2 plane. We discuss the implications for proofs of confinement and searches for nontrivial infra-red fixed points in models beyond the standard model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figs
ASMEDIDAS ANTICORRUPÇÃO RECENTEMENTE APROVADAS NO BRASIL: AVALIAÇÃO DA SUA EFICÁCIA
Creators: name: Luiz Alberto Blanchet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Science Policy

description: Nos últimos anos o governo brasileiro iniciou a elaboração de uma estratégia anticorrupção, acompanhando uma tendência de muitos países países. A estratégia écomposto por um arcabouço legislativo importante que prevê uma responsabilidade objetiva de pessoas j urídicas que pratiquem atos de corrupção, o aprimoramento da lei de licitações, bem como a melhora do sistema de sanções que alcancem o patrimônio dos agentes corruptos e alguns condutas que antes não eram sancionadas. Por meio de uma metodologia que aten de à análise econômica do direito, cobrar - se um estudo que avalie a eficácia das medidas legais adotadas pelo governo, de forma a verificar que pode ser o alcance no combate à corrupção.
Spin-resolved commensurability oscillations
Creators: name: Lu, J.
name: Shayegan, M.
name: Wissinger, L.
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Winkler, R.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We report the observation of commensurability oscillations, induced by a one-dimensional periodic potential, in a high-mobility GaAs two-dimensional hole system confined to a triangular quantum well. The measured oscillations exhibit two frequencies that agree well with those calculated from the Fermi contours of the two spin-split hole subbands, providing clear evidence for the observation of spin-resolvedcommensurability oscillations.
Planes, Chains, and Orbits: Quantum Oscillations and High Magnetic Field Heat Capacity in Underdoped YBCO
Creators: name: Riggs, Scott C.
name: Vafek, O.
name: Kemper, J. B.
name: Betts, J. B.
name: Migliori, A.
name: Hardy, W. N.
name: Liang, Ruixing
name: Bonn, D. A.
name: Boebinger, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The underlying physics of the magnetic-field-induced resistive state in high temperature cuprate superconductors remains a mystery. One interpretation is that the application of magnetic field destroys the d-wave superconducting gap to uncover a Fermi surface that behaves like a conventional (i.e.Fermi Liquid) metal (1). Another view is that an applied magnetic field destroys long range superconducting phase coherence, but the superconducting gap amplitude survives (2, 3). By measuring the specific heat of ultra-clean YBa2Cu3O6.56 (YBCO 6.56), we obtain a measure of the quasi-particle density of states from the superconducting state well into the magnetic-field-induced resistive state. We have found that at very high magnetic fields the specific heat exhibits both the conventional temperature dependence and quantum oscillations expected for a Fermi Liquid. On the other hand, the magnetic field dependence of the quasi-particle density of states follows a \sqrt{H} behavior that persists right through the zero-resistance transition, evidencing the fully developed d-wave superconducting gap over the entire magnetic field range measured. The coexistence of these two phenomena pose a rigorous thermodynamic constraint on theories of high-magnetic-field resistive state in the cuprates.
The effect of the infrared excess from the Be star on inverse Compton gamma-ray production in PSR B1259-63/SS 2883
Creators: name: van Soelen, B.
name: Meintjes, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The binary system PSR B1259-63 consists of a 48 ms pulsar in a 3.4 year orbit around a Be star and unpulsed TeV gamma-ray emission has been detected near previous periastron passages. A likely source of the gamma-rays is the inverse Compton up-scattering of target photons from the Be star by the ultra-relativistic electron/positron pulsar wind in the region of the plerion shock front. In this study the effect of the infrared emission from the Be star's circumstellar disc on inverse Compton gamma-ray production in PSR B1259-63 is investigated by considering an isotropic photon/electron approximation. The modified photon density distribution is determined by using a curve of growth method fitted to previous optical and infrared observations. The inverse Compton scattering rate is calculated using the modified photon distribution and the exact scattering equation. It is shown that including the infrared emission increase the GeV gamma-ray flux by a factor $\ga 2$.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures and 4 tables. This article has been accepted for publication in MNRAS
Fermiology of two-dimensional lateral superlattices
Creators: name: Albrecht, C.
name: Smet, J.
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Klitzing, Klaus von
name: Hennig, Ralf
name: Langenbuch, Michael
name: Suhrke, Michael
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Umansky, V.
name: Schweizer, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present magnetotransport experiments on high mobility two-dimensional electron systems subjected to a weak, short period superlattice potential. The imposed periodic potential modifies the contours of constant energy of the free electrons such that new closed k-space trajectories, involving magnetic breakdown, become possible. Their existence is heralded by a novel type of low-field quantum oscillations.
The influence of spin-flip scattering on the preparation and detection of a single spin state in a quantum dot attached to a spin battery
Creators: name: Trocha, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the possibility of an all electrical scheme of preparation and readout for a single spin state in a single quantum dot attached to spin biased leads has been shown [F. Chi et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 075310 (2010)]. However, spin scattering mechanisms have been omitted. To remedy this lack we consider the influence of the spin-flip scattering process on the proposed preparation and readout scheme.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Deep learning with limited labeled image data for health informatics
Creators: name: Zheng, Jiannan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Deep learning is a data-driven technique for developing intelligent systems using a large amount of training data. Amongst the deep learning applications, this thesis focuses on problems in health informatics. Compared to the general deep learning applications, health informatics problems are complex, unique and pose problem-specific challenges. Many of these problems however, face a common challenge: the lack of labeled data. In this thesis, we explore the following three ways to overcome three specific image based health informatics problems: 1) The use of image patches instead of whole images as the input for deep learning. To increase the data size, each image is partitioned into non-overlapping, mid-level patches: This approach is illustrated by addressing the food image recognition problem. Automatic food recognition could be used for nutrition analysis. We propose a novel deep framework for mid-level food image patches. Evaluations on 3 benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves superior performance over baseline convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods. 2) The use of prior knowledge to reduce the high dimensionality and complexity of raw data: We illustrate this idea on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, for diagnosing a common mental-health disorder, the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). MRI has been increasingly used in analyzing ADHD with machine learning algorithms. We propose a multi-channel 3D CNN based automatic ADHD diagnosis approach using MRI scans. Evaluations on ADHD-200 Competition dataset show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. 3) The use of synthetic data pre-training along with real data domain adaptation to increase the available labeled data during training: We illustrate this idea on 2-D/3-D image registration problems. We propose a fully automatic and real-time CNN-based 2-D/3-D image registration system. Evaluations on Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) X-ray images from clinical studies demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms existing methods in accuracy and speed. We further propose a pairwise domain adaptation module (PDA MODULE), designed to be flexible for different deep learning-based 2-D/3-D registration frameworks with improved performance. Evaluations on two clinical applications demonstrate the PDA modules advantages for 2-D/3-D medical image registration with limited data.