cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conformal Invariance, Dark Energy, and CMB Non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Antoniadis, Ignatios
name: Mazur, Pawel O.
name: Mottola, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to simple scale invariance, a universe dominated by dark energy naturally gives rise to correlation functions possessing full conformal invariance. This is due to the mathematical isomorphism between the conformal group of certain 3 dimensional slices of de Sitter space and the de Sitter isometry group SO(4,1). In the standard homogeneous isotropic cosmological model in which primordial density perturbations are generated during a long vacuum energy dominated de Sitter phase, the embedding of flat spatial sections in de Sitter space induces a conformal invariant perturbation spectrum and definite prediction for the shape of the non-Gaussian CMB bispectrum. In the case in which the density fluctuations are generated instead on the de Sitter horizon, conformal invariance of the horizon embedding implies a different but also quite definite prediction for the angular correlations of CMB non-Gaussianity on the sky. Each of these forms for the bispectrum is intrinsic to the symmetries of de Sitter space and in that sense, independent of specific model assumptions. Each is different from the predictions of single field slow roll inflation models which rely on the breaking of de Sitter invariance. We propose a quantum origin for the CMB fluctuations in the scalar gravitational sector from the conformal anomaly that could give rise to these non-Gaussianities without a slow roll inflaton field, and argue that conformal invariance also leads to the expectation for the relation n_S-1=n_T between the spectral indices of the scalar and tensor power spectrum. Confirmation of this prediction or detection of non-Gaussian correlations in the CMB of one of the bispectral shape functions predicted by conformal invariance can be used both to establish the physical origins of primordial density fluctuations and distinguish between different dynamical models of cosmological vacuum dark energy.
description: 73 pages, 9 figures. Final Version published in JCAP. New Section 4 added on linearized scalar gravitational potentials; New Section 8 added on gravitational wave tensor perturbations and relation of spectral indices n_T = n_S -1; Table of Contents added; Eqs. (3.14) and (3.15) added to clarify relationship of bispectrum plotted to CMB measurements; Some other minor modifications
Annelise's Case Study: Understanding usable research
Creators: name: Gleeson, Jo
name: Cutler, Blake
name: Hall, Genevieve
name: Rickinson, Mark
name: Walsh, Lucas
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Professional education and training
Teacher education and professional development of educators
Educational administration, management and leadership

description: This practitioner case study focuses on Annelise, and her approach to engaging her colleagues in the quality use of research, driven by the need to support the wellbeing of students from low socio-economic settings in her school context. This case study was developed by the Monash Q Project (2019-2023) and published as part of the resources for the Monash Faculty of Education short course "An introduction to using research to inform educational practice." The course is designed for teachers, school leaders and education system actors who are beginning to use research in their work and are looking to use research evidence to support their practice.
Quantum Exotic PDE's
Creators: name: Prástaro, Agostino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N22, 58J32, 57R20, 58C50, 58J42, 20H15, 32Q55, 32S20

description: Following the previous works on the A. Prástaro's formulation of algebraic topology of quantum (super) PDE's, it is proved that a canonical Heyting algebra ({\em integral Heyting algebra}) can be associated to any quantum PDE. This is directly related to the structure of its global solutions. This allows us to recognize a new inside in the concept of quantum logic for microworlds. Furthermore, the Prastaro's geometric theory of quantum PDE's is applied to the new category of {\em quantum hypercomplex manifolds}, related to the well-known Cayley-Dickson construction for algebras. Theorems of existence for local and global solutions are obtained for (singular) PDE's in this new category of noncommutative manifolds. Finally the extension of the concept of exotic PDE's, recently introduced by A.Prástaro, has been extended to quantum PDE's. Then a smooth quantum version of the quantum (generalized) Poincaré conjecture is given too. These results extend ones for quantum (generalized) Poincaré conjecture, previously given by A. Prástaro.
description: 52 pages
Symmetries of F-manifolds with eventual identities and special families of connections
Creators: name: David, Liana
name: Strachan, Ian A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a duality for F-manifolds with eventual identities and special families of connections and we describe its interactions with several well-known constructions from the theory of Frobenius and F-manifolds.
description: Final prepublication version. Minor errors fixed and a new section with examples added
Transitioning towards water supply diversification : possibilities for groundwater in Cape Town, South Africa
Creators: name: Luker, Emma
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Due in part to negative climate change impacts on water availability, and the fact that urban populations across the globe are growing, cities are experiencing increasing stress on their water resources. Therefore, new options for urban water demand and supply management are being considered to address this concern. In the case of Cape Town, South Africa, overall water demand is increasing despite a successful water demand management campaign, while water supplies are dwindling. These conditions are aggravated by a recent severe drought that began in 2015. Transitions towards additional bulk water supplies are therefore needed, and the City has addressed this through plans for future water supply diversification in the form of large-scale groundwater development. However, given the historical focus on surface water infrastructure in Cape Town, there are significant obstacles in adding new sources, such as aquifers, into the supply chain. This Masters’ of Science thesis will present the findings of a research study that was aimed at analyzing the motivations, barriers and possibilities for groundwater governance in Cape Town, with particular attention to the expert perspective. Findings are based on three months of fieldwork in Cape Town, where data was collected through in-depth interviews with water experts and professionals involved in the Cape Town water sector, as well as field observations and water policy and document analysis. Chapter 2 of this work outlines the motivations and barriers for groundwater integration. This chapter emphasizes the benefits of groundwater for water security and resilience, while maintaining that fragmented roles and responsibilities to do with groundwater governance present significant challenges. Chapter 3 explores an existing groundwater scheme in Cape Town and presents three lessons learned for future groundwater policy development. Lessons learned include aquifer recharge zone protection, sufficient field operator training and consistent institutional support for groundwater knowledge leaders. The main goal of this thesis is to provide insight into the motivations and challenges associated with water supply diversification, and sustainable groundwater use in particular. These insights are relevant for broader discussions of water governance transitions in light of changing water demand and supply dynamics, as well as hydrological regime changes.
Climate Change Experiences and Climate Change Perception: A Meta-analysis
Creators: name: Xia, Ziqian
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Studies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Climate Change
subject: Climate Change Perception
subject: Extreme Weather
subject: Meta-analysis

description: As climate change threatens our world with more volatile weather, more natural disasters and harsher living conditions (Van Aalst, 2006), forming a perception of it is of great significance to promote adaptation and mitigation behaviors (Albright, 2020). Over the past decade, climate change skeptics have declined dramatically (Milfont et al., 2021), but we actually know little about the mechanism of climate change perceptions (Howe et al., 2019). As climate change intensifies, we are particularly interested in how climate change experiences affect perceptions of climate change and what are the factors that make this effect different.
Weyl Phonons: The connection of topology and chirality
Creators: name: Zhang, Tiantian
name: Murakami, Shuichi
name: Miao, Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topology and chirality of fermionic quasiparticles have enabled exciting discoveries, including quantum anomalous Hall liquids and topological superconductivity. Recently, topological and chiral phonons emerge as new and fast-evolving research directions. While these concepts are separately developed, they are intimately connected in the context of Weyl phonons. The couplings between chiral and topological phonons with various electronic and magnetic quasiparticles are predicted to give rise to new quantum states and giant magnetism with fundamental and applicational interests, ranging from quantum information science to dark matter detectors.
description: To appear in Nature Communications as a COMMENT
Small-time expansions of the distributions, densities, and option prices of stochastic volatility models with Lévy jumps
Creators: name: Figueroa-López, J. E.
name: Gong, R.
name: Houdré, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G51, 60F99

description: We consider a stochastic volatility model with Lévy jumps for a log-return process $Z=(Z_{t})_{t\geq 0}$ of the form $Z=U+X$, where $U=(U_{t})_{t\geq 0}$ is a classical stochastic volatility process and $X=(X_{t})_{t\geq 0}$ is an independent Lévy process with absolutely continuous Lévy measure $ν$. Small-time expansions, of arbitrary polynomial order, in time-$t$, are obtained for the tails $\bbp(Z_{t}\geq z)$, $z>0$, and for the call-option prices $\bbe(e^{z+Z_{t}}-1)_{+}$, $z\neq 0$, assuming smoothness conditions on the {\PaleGrey density of $ν$} away from the origin and a small-time large deviation principle on $U$. Our approach allows for a unified treatment of general payoff functions of the form $ϕ(x){\bf 1}_{x\geq{}z}$ for smooth functions $ϕ$ and $z>0$. As a consequence of our tail expansions, the polynomial expansions in $t$ of the transition densities $f_{t}$ are also {\Green obtained} under mild conditions.
description: Final version to appear in Stochastic Processes and their Applications
Chiral symmetry breaking in cascading gauge theory plasma
Creators: name: Buchel, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: N=1 supersymmetric SU(K+P)xSU(K) cascading gauge theory of Klebanov et.al [1,2] undergoes a first-order finite temperature confinement/deconfinement phase transition at T_c=0.6141111(3) Lambda, where Lambda is the strong coupling scale of the theory. The deconfined phase of the theory, with the unbroken chiral symmetry, extends down to T_u=0.8749(0) T_c, where it becomes perturbatively unstable due to the condensation of the hydrodynamic (sound) modes. We show that at T_cSB =0.882503(0) T_c > T_u the deconfined phase of the cascading plasma is perturbatively unstable towards development of the chiral symmetry breaking condensates. We present evidence that the ground state of the cascading plasma for T
description: 38 pages, 4 figures; v2: reference added; v3: typo corrected
Edaq530: a transparent, open-end and open-source measurement solution in natural science education
Creators: name: Kopasz, Katalin
name: Makra, Péter
name: Gingl, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Edaq530, a low-cost, compact and easy-to-use digital measurement solution consisting of a thumb-sized USB-to-sensor interface and a measurement software. The solution is fully open-source, our aim being to provide a viable alternative to professional solutions. Our main focus in designing Edaq530 has been versatility and transparency. In this paper, we shall introduce the capabilities of Edaq530, complement it by showing a few sample experiments, and discuss the feedback we have received in the course of a teacher training workshop in which the participants received personal copies of Edaq530 and later made reports on how they could utilise Edaq530 in their teaching.
Non-Zeeman splitting for a spin-resolved STM with a Kondo adatom in a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Seridonio, A. C.
name: Orahcio, F. S.
name: Souza, F. M.
name: Figueira, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the spin-resolved local density of states (SR-LDOS) of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of a Kondo adatom and a STM probe. Using Green function formalism and the atomic approach in the limit of infinite Coulomb correlation, it is found an analytical SR-LDOS expression in the low temperature regime of the system. This formal result is given in terms of phase shifts originated by the adatom scattering and Fano interference. The SR-LDOS is investigated as a function of the probe position and different Fano factors. Our findings provide an alternative way to spin-split the Kondo resonance without the use of huge magnetic fields, typically necessary in adatom systems characterized by large Kondo temperatures. We observe a non-Zeeman spin-splitting of the Kondo resonance in the total LDOS, with one spin-component pinned around the host Fermi level. Interestingly, this result is in accordance to recent experimental data reported in Phys. Rev. B 82, 020406(R) (2010).
description: Final version
Post-Newtonian factorized multipolar waveforms for spinning, non-precessing black-hole binaries
Creators: name: Pan, Yi
name: Buonanno, Alessandra
name: Fujita, Ryuichi
name: Racine, Etienne
name: Tagoshi, Hideyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the factorized resummation of multipolar waveforms introduced by Damour, Iyer and Nagar to spinning black holes. For a nonspinning test-particle spiraling a Kerr black hole in the equatorial plane, we find that factorized multipolar amplitudes which replace the residual relativistic amplitude f_{l m} with its l-th root, ρ_{l m} = f_{l m}^{1/l}, agree quite well with the numerical amplitudes up to the Kerr-spin value q \leq 0.95 for orbital velocities v \leq 0.4. The numerical amplitudes are computed solving the Teukolsky equation with a spectral code. The agreement for prograde orbits and large spin values of the Kerr black hole can be further improved at high velocities by properly factoring out the lower-order post-Newtonian contributions in ρ_{l m}. The resummation procedure results in a better and systematic agreement between numerical and analytical amplitudes (and energy fluxes) than standard Taylor-expanded post-Newtonian approximants. This is particularly true for higher-order modes, such as (2,1), (3,3), (3,2), and (4,4) for which less spin post-Newtonian terms are known. We also extend the factorized resummation of multipolar amplitudes to generic mass-ratio, non-precessing, spinning black holes. Lastly, in our study we employ new, recently computed, higher-order post-Newtonian terms in several subdominant modes, and compute explicit expressions for the half and one-and-half post-Newtonian contributions to the odd-parity (current) and even-parity (odd) multipoles, respectively. Those results can be used to build more accurate templates for ground-based and space-based gravitational-wave detectors.
description: 37 pages, 11 figures; Typos in Sec.IV Eqs.(38-42) fixed
Managing Technical Debt Using Intelligent Techniques - A Systematic Literature Review [TSE]
Creators: name: Albuquerque, Danyllo
name: Guimarães, Everton
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Computer Science
subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary material of Managing Technical Debt Using Intelligent Techniques - A Systematic Literature Review
Two-stage maximum likelihood approach for item-level missing data in regression
Creators: name: Chen, Lihan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Psychologists often use scales composed of multiple items to measure underlying constructs, such as well-being, depression, and personality traits. Missing data often occurs at the item-level. For example, participants may skip items on a questionnaire for various reasons. If variables in the dataset can account for the missingness, the data is missing at random (MAR). Modern missing data approaches can deal with MAR missing data effectively, but existing analytical approaches cannot accommodate item-level missing data. A very common practice in psychology is to average all available items to produce scale means when there is missing data. This approach, called available-case maximum likelihood (ACML) may produce biased results in addition to incorrect standard errors. Another approach is scale-level full information maximum likelihood (SL-FIML), which treats the whole scale as missing if even one item is missing. SL-FIML is inefficient and prone to bias. A new analytical approach, called the two-stage maximum likelihood approach (TSML), was recently developed as an alternative (Savalei & Rhemtulla, 2017b). The original work showed that the method outperformed ACML and SL-FIML in structural equation models with parcels. The current simulation study examined the performance of ACML, SL- FIML, and TSML in the context of bivariate regression. It was shown that when item loadings or item means are unequal within the composite, ACML and SL-FIML produced biased estimates on regression coefficients under MAR. Outside of convergence issues when the sample size is small and the number of variables is large, TSML performed well in all simulated conditions, showing little bias, high efficiency, and good coverage. Additionally, the current study investigated how changing the strength of the MAR mechanism may lead to drastically different conclusions in simulation studies. A preliminary definition of MAR strength is provided in order to demonstrate its impact. Recommendations are made to future simulation studies on missing data.
Estimating Discrete Markov Models From Various Incomplete Data Schemes
Creators: name: Pasanisi, Alberto
name: Fu, Shuai
name: Bousquet, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The parameters of a discrete stationary Markov model are transition probabilities between states. Traditionally, data consist in sequences of observed states for a given number of individuals over the whole observation period. In such a case, the estimation of transition probabilities is straightforwardly made by counting one-step moves from a given state to another. In many real-life problems, however, the inference is much more difficult as state sequences are not fully observed, namely the state of each individual is known only for some given values of the time variable. A review of the problem is given, focusing on Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) algorithms to perform Bayesian inference and evaluate posterior distributions of the transition probabilities in this missing-data framework. Leaning on the dependence between the rows of the transition matrix, an adaptive MCMC mechanism accelerating the classical Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is then proposed and empirically studied.
description: 26 pages - preprint accepted in 20th February 2012 for publication in Computational Statistics and Data Analysis (please cite the journal's paper)
Relationship between electron density and effective densities of body tissues for stopping, scattering, and nuclear interaction of proton and ion beams
Creators: name: Kanematsu, Nobuyuki
name: Inaniwa, Taku
name: Koba, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: In treatment planning of charged-particle radiotherapy, patient heterogeneity is conventionally modeled as variable-density water converted from CT images to best reproduce the stopping power, which may lead to inaccuracies in the handling of multiple scattering and nuclear interactions. Although similar conversions can be defined for these individual interactions, they would be valid only for specific CT systems and would require additional tasks for clinical application. This study aims to improve the practicality of the interaction-specific heterogeneity correction. Methods: We calculated the electron densities and effective densities for stopping power, multiple scattering, and nuclear interactions of protons and ions, using the standard elemental-composition data for body tissues to construct the invariant conversion functions. We also simulated a proton beam in a lung-like geometry and a carbon-ion beam in a prostate-like geometry to demonstrate the procedure and the effects of the interaction-specific heterogeneity correction. Results: Strong correlations were observed between the electron density and the respective effective densities, with which we formulated polyline conversion functions. Their effects amounted to 10% differences in multiple-scattering angle and nuclear-interaction mean free path for bones compared to those in the conventional heterogeneity correction. Although their realistic effect on patient dose distributions would be generally small, it could be at the level of a few percent when a beam traverses a large bone. Conclusions: The present conversion functions are invariant and may be incorporated in treatment planning systems with a common function relating CT number to electron density. This will enable improved beam dose calculation while minimizing initial setup and quality management of the user's specific system.
description: This version includes corrections to be published in Medical Physics as an erratum
Pure Asymmetric Quantum MDS Codes from CSS Construction: A Complete Characterization
Creators: name: Ezerman, Martianus Frederic
name: Jitman, Somphong
name: Kiah, Han Mao
name: Ling, San
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using the Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) construction, pure $q$-ary asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes attaining the quantum Singleton bound are constructed. Such codes are called pure CSS asymmetric quantum maximum distance separable (AQMDS) codes. Assuming the validity of the classical MDS Conjecture, pure CSS AQMDS codes of all possible parameters are accounted for.
description: Change in authors' list. Accepted for publication in Int. Journal of Quantum Information
Tom's Case Study: Planning and implementing a research use initiative
Creators: name: Gleeson, Jo
name: Cutler, Blake
name: Hall, Genevieve
name: Rickinson, Mark
name: Walsh, Lucas
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Teacher education and professional development of educators
Educational administration, management and leadership
Professional education and training

description: This practitioner case study focuses on Tom and how he carefully planned and implemented a research-informed change at his school. This case study was developed by the Monash Q Project (2019-2023) and published as part of the resources for the Monash Faculty of Education short course "An introduction to using research to inform educational practice." The course is designed for teachers, school leaders and education system actors who are beginning to use research in their work and are looking to use research evidence to support their practice.
Empirical Bayes methods corrected for small numbers of tests
Creators: name: Padilla, Marta
name: Bickel, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 62Fxx

description: Histogram-based empirical Bayes methods developed for analyzing data for large numbers of genes, SNPs, or other biological features tend to have large biases when applied to data with a smaller number of features such as genes with expression measured conventionally, proteins, and metabolites. To analyze such small-scale and medium-scale data in an empirical Bayes framework, we introduce corrections of maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) of the local false discovery rate (LFDR). In this context, the MLE estimates the LFDR, which is a posterior probability of null hypothesis truth, by estimating the prior distribution. The corrections lie in excluding each feature when estimating one or more parameters on which the prior depends. An application of the new estimators and previous estimators to protein abundance data illustrates how different estimators lead to very different conclusions about which proteins are affected by cancer. The estimators are compared using simulated data of two different numbers of features, two different detectability levels, and all possible numbers of affected features. The simulations show that some of the corrected MLEs substantially reduce a negative bias of the MLE. (The best-performing corrected MLE was derived from the minimum description length principle.) However, even the corrected MLEs have strong negative biases when the proportion of features that are unaffected is greater than 90%. Therefore, since the number of affected features is unknown in the case of real data, we recommend an optimally weighted combination of the best of the corrected MLEs with a conservative estimator that has weaker parametric assumptions.
description: This version adds new methods and a simulation study
Secure Text Mail Encryption with Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Schelle, Alexej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work presents an encryption model based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Encryption of RTF-8 data is realized by dynamically generating decimal numbers that lead to the encryption and decryption of alphabetic strings in integer representation by simple addition rules, the modulus of the dimension of the considered alphabet. The binary numbers for the private dynamic keys correspond to the binary numbers of public reference keys, as defined by a specific GAN configuration. For reversible encryption with a bijective mapping between dynamic and reference keys, as defined by the GAN encryptor, secure text encryption can be achieved by transferring a GAN-encrypted public key along with the encrypted text from a sender to a receiver. Using the technique described above, secure text mail transfer can be realized through component-wise encryption and decryption of text mail strings, with total key sizes of up to $10^{8}$ bits that define random decimal numbers generated by the GAN. From the present model, we assert that encrypted texts can be transmitted more efficiently and securely than from RSA encryption, as long as users of the specific configuration of the GAN encryption model are unaware of the GAN encryptor circuit and configuration, respectively.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, one table; Preprint before publication
Additional file 1 of A qualitative study on the perception of infection prevention and control measures among healthcare workers without patient contact during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Creators: name: Ehrenzeller, Selina
name: Kuehl, Richard
name: Durovic, Ana
name: Martinez, Aurélien Emmanuel
name: Battegay, Manuel
name: von Rotz, Matthias
name: Fringer, André
name: Tschudin-Sutter, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1: Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics of participants. Supplementary File 1. Methods. Supplementary File 2. Interview Guide. Supplementary Table 2. COREQ (Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies): 32-item checklist
Symmetry protected topological orders and the group cohomology of their symmetry group
Creators: name: Chen, Xie
name: Gu, Zheng-Cheng
name: Liu, Zheng-Xin
name: Wen, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases are gapped short-range-entangled quantum phases with a symmetry G. They can all be smoothly connected to the same trivial product state if we break the symmetry. The Haldane phase of spin-1 chain is the first example of SPT phase which is protected by SO(3) spin rotation symmetry. The topological insulator is another exam- ple of SPT phase which is protected by U(1) and time reversal symmetries. It has been shown that free fermion SPT phases can be systematically described by the K-theory. In this paper, we show that interacting bosonic SPT phases can be systematically described by group cohomology theory: distinct d-dimensional bosonic SPT phases with on-site symmetry G (which may contain anti-unitary time reversal symmetry) can be labeled by the elements in H^{1+d}[G, U_T(1)] - the Borel (1 + d)-group-cohomology classes of G over the G-module U_T(1). The boundary excitations of the non-trivial SPT phases are gapless or degenerate. Even more generally, we find that the different bosonic symmetry breaking short-range-entangled phases are labeled by the following three mathematical objects: (G_H, G_Ψ, H^{1+d}[G_Ψ, U_T(1)], where G_H is the symmetry group of the Hamiltonian and G_Ψ the symmetry group of the ground states.
description: 55 pages, 42 figures, RevTeX4-1, included some new references
Additional file 1 of Preliminary feasibility of integrating tobacco treatment into SUD peer recovery coaching: a mixed-methods study of peer recovery coaches
Creators: name: Streck, Joanna M.
name: Regan, Susan
name: Werner, Michael
name: Glynn, Alexia
name: Villanti, Andrea C.
name: Park, Elyse R.
name: Wakeman, Sarah E.
name: Evins, A. Eden
name: Rigotti, Nancy A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: TableS1. Qualitative themes identified by peer recovery coaches on integrating tobacco treatment into SUD recovery coaching.
Invariant generalized complex structures on Lie groups
Creators: name: Alekseevsky, Dmitri V.
name: David, Liana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe a class (called regular) of invariant generalized complex structures on a real semisimple Lie group G. The problem reduces to the description of admissible pairs (\gk, ω), where \gk is an appropriate regular subalgebra of the complex Lie algebra \gg^{C} associated to G and ωis a closed 2-form on \gk, such that a non-degeneracy condition holds. In the case when G is a semisimple Lie group of inner type (in particular, when G is compact) a classification of regular generalized complex structures on G is given. We show that any invariant generalized complex structure on a compact semisimple Lie group G is regular, provided that an additional natural condition holds. In the case when G is a semisimple Lie group of outer type, we describe the subalgebras \gk in terms of appropriate root subsystems of a root system of \gg^{C} and we construct a large class of admissible pairs (\gk ,ω) (hence, regular generalized complex structures on G).
description: 38 pages; abstract changed; one reference added; other minor modifications
Generation and sudden death of entanglement in qubit-qutrit systems in depolarizing noise
Creators: name: Khan, Salman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of entanglement in some hybrid qubit-qutrit systems under the influence of global, collective, local and multilocal depolarizing noise is studied. It is shown that the depolarizing noise can be used to induce entanglement. A critical point exists under every coupling of the system with the environment at which all the states are equally entangled. Furthermore, it is seen that no ESD occurs when either only the qubit is coupled to its local environment or the system is coupled to multilocal or global environment. This is an important result for various quantum information processing tasks and hence needs further investigation.
description: Pages 11, Figures 6
Crossover distributions at the edge of the rarefaction fan
Creators: name: Corwin, Ivan
name: Quastel, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the weakly asymmetric limit of simple exclusion process with drift to the left, starting from step Bernoulli initial data with $ρ_-
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOP725 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1003.0443
The mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule antibody PF-00547,659 in ulcerative colitis: a randomised study
Creators: name: Vermeire, S.
name: Ghosh, Subrata
name: Panes, J.
name: Strauch, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background and aims: Leucocyte migration to gut mucosa, mediated by integrin binding to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM), is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel disease. This first-in-human study of a monoclonal antibody to MAdCAM, PF-00547,659, aimed to explore the safety and preliminary efficacy of this gut-specific mechanism in ulcerative colitis. Methods: In this randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study, 80 patients with active ulcerative colitis received single or multiple (three doses, 4-week intervals) doses of PF-00547,659 0.03–10 mg/kg IV/SC, or placebo. Safety was assessed by adverse events, laboratory tests, and immunogenicity. Exploratory efficacy analyses were based on Mayo score and endoscopic responder rates at weeks 4 and 12. Faecal calprotectin was quantified as a measure of disease activity, and the number of α4β7+ lymphocytes was measured to demonstrate drug activity. Results: No obvious drug-related side effects were observed in the PF-00547,659 group, while patient numbers, especially those fully exposed, were small. Overall responder/remission rates at 4 and 12 weeks were 52%/13% and 42%/22%, respectively with combined PF-00547,659 doses compared with 32%/11% and 21%/0%, respectively with placebo. Equivalent endoscopic responder rates were 50% and 42% versus 26% and 29%, respectively. Faecal calprotectin levels decreased to a greater extent with PF-00547,659 than placebo (week 4: 63% vs 18%). Despite variability, there was a trend for an increase in α4β7+ lymphocytes in patients receiving PF-00547,659. Conclusions: The favourable short-term safety profile and preliminary efficacy findings for PF-00547,659 in this first-in-human study pave the way for further investigation in larger trials, to establish the role of PF-00547,659 in ulcerative colitis treatment.
Amelioration of portal hypertension and the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in cirrhotic rats by neuropeptide Y via pronounced splanchnic vasoaction
Creators: name: Moleda, Lukas
name: Trebicka, J.
name: Dietrich, Peter
name: Gäbele, Erwin
name: Hellerbrand, Claus
name: Straub, Rainer H.
name: Sauerbruch, T.
name: Schölmerich, Jürgen
name: Wiest, Reiner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Splanchnic vasodilation triggers the development of the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in portal hypertension. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic co-transmitter of norepinephrine, improves contractility in mesenteric arteries of pre-hepatic portal hypertensive rats. Therefore, we investigated the effect of NPY on mesenteric arterial contractility in vitro and in vivo in cirrhotic ascitic rats, as well as the vasoactive pathways involved. Methods: All experiments were performed in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats with ascites and compared to controls. In vivo haemodynamic characterisation was assessed before and after cumulative application of NPY i.v. using the microspheres technique. In vitro mesenteric arterial perfusion was used to analyse the effect of NPY on the response to α1-adrenergic, as well as nitrergic stimulation. The NPY effects on vasoactive pathways (RhoA/Rho-kinase and NOS/NO) were analysed by western blot in mesenteric arteries. Results: NPY decreased portal-venous blood flow and reduced portal pressure in cirrhotic rats, without changes in mean arterial pressure. This was accompanied by decreased cardiac output and normalised systemic vascular resistance in cirrhotic rats. By contrast, no significant splanchnic or systemic haemodynamic effect of NPY was seen in controls. NPY enhanced arterial contractility in cirrhotic but not in control rats. Furthermore, NO-mediated vasodilation was reduced to a greater extent than in controls. These findings were paralleled by an increased expression and activity of the constrictive Rho-kinase pathway and decreased activation of vasodilating NOS/NO signalling after NPY administration in mesenteric arteries. Conclusions: NPY exerts marked portal hypotensive effects and ameliorates the hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhotic ascitic rats. This is mediated mainly by a pronounced splanchnic vasoconstriction and reduction in splanchnic blood flow due to enhanced Rho-kinase expression and activity, as well as reduced NOS activation and NO effect.
Fatal neonatal respiratory failure in an infant with congenital hypothyroidism due to haploinsufficiency of the NKX2-1 gene: alteration of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis
Creators: name: Kleinlein, B.
name: Griese, M.
name: Liebisch, Gerhard
name: Krude, H.
name: Lohse, Peter
name: Aslanidis, Charalampos
name: Schmitz, Gerd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Defects of the NKX2-1 gene, encoding thyroid transcription factor-1, cause brain-thyroid-lung syndrome (MIM 610978), characterised by benign hereditary chorea, congenital hypothyroidism and respiratory disease. The case of a term infant with mild primary congenital hypothyroidism and neonatal persistent respiratory failure with fatal outcome at 10 months of age despite continuous ventilatory support is described. Congenital defects of genes known to disturb surfactant protein and lipid homeostasis (SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3) were excluded. Hypothyroidism prompted sequencing of NKX2-1, which revealed a heterozygous 29 bp deletion (c.278_306del29) disrupting the affected allele. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid demonstrated an abnormally low amount of surfactant protein C (SP-C) in relation to SP-B, and low levels of surfactant phospholipids, indicating disturbance of SP and lipid homeostasis as a consequence of NKX2-1 haploinsufficiency. NKX2-1 haploinsufficiency may lead to lethal respiratory failure of the newborn due to disruption of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis. NKX2-1 gene analysis should be considered when investigating irreversible respiratory insufficiency of the newborn.
Additional file 1 of DREAMS: deep read-level error model for sequencing data applied to low-frequency variant calling and circulating tumor DNA detection
Creators: name: Christensen, Mikkel H.
name: Drue, Simon O.
name: Rasmussen, Mads H.
name: Frydendahl, Amanda
name: Lyskjær, Iben
name: Demuth, Christina
name: Nors, Jesper
name: Gotschalck, Kåre A.
name: Iversen, Lene H.
name: Andersen, Claus L.
name: Pedersen, Jakob Skou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material, Supplementary methods, tables, and figures [12, 16, 24, 33, 35–43].
Integration of a multi reflection time of flight isobar separator into the TITAN experiment at TRIUMF
Creators: name: Finlay, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The TITAN experiment at TRIUMF performs high-precision mass measurements on rare isotopes using Penning trap mass spectrometry. A major challenge is the presence of isobaric contamination introduced by the rare isotope production process. To remove these a new Multi-Reflection Time-of-Flight (MR-ToF) mass spectrometer and isobar separator has been integrated into the TITAN system. To facilitate the integration of the MR-ToF the TITAN beamline has been studied using a combination of computer based ion optics simulations and experimental measurements. Simulations were benchmarked against a measurement of the ion beam’s transverse emittance using an Allison meter, and beam time profiles measured with microchannel plate detectors. Computer models were found to be able to reproduce experimental results within a factor of 2. The key source of differences appears to be the modeling of the cooler buncher TITAN uses for beam preparation. Simulations were used to identify optimal settings on ion optical elements to facilitate the maximum efficiency of ion transport into the MR-ToF and from the MR-ToF to the measurement Penning trap. Additional tests of the impact of new optics on the beamline when bypassing the MR-ToF show beam properties before and after the changes to be identical within uncertainty. Suggested settings have successfully been used to guide the injection of ions into the MR-ToF. Once the MR-ToF was installed in the TITAN system, tests were performed to demonstrate the functionality of the MR-ToF using externally produced beam. The ISAC Off-Line Ions Source was used to produce a ⁴⁰Ar⁺ ion beam for testing. This was merged with ⁴⁰K⁺ ions from the MR-ToF internal ion source to demonstrate the resolving power of the MR-ToF. Mass measurements were performed at a resolving power of 200 000, exceeding performance expectations by a factor of 2. Isobar separation was used to remove either Ar or K, requiring a mass resolving power ≥ 25 000. The MR-ToF is now a functioning part of the
A construction for the hat problem on a directed graph
Creators: name: Hod, Rani
name: Krzywkowski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C20, 05C69, 91A12, 91A43

description: A team of players plays the following game. After a strategy session, each player is randomly fitted with a blue or red hat. Then, without further communication, everybody can try to guess simultaneously his or her own hat color by looking at the hat colors of other players. Visibility is defined by a directed graph; that is, vertices correspond to players, and a player can see each player to whom she or he is connected by an arc. The team wins if at least one player guesses his hat color correctly, and no one guesses his hat color wrong; otherwise the team loses. The team aims to maximize the probability of a win, and this maximum is called the hat number of the graph. Previous works focused on the problem on complete graphs and on undirected graphs. Some cases were solved, e.g., complete graphs of certain orders, trees, cycles, bipartite graphs. These led Uriel Feige to conjecture that the hat number of any graph is equal to the hat number of its maximum clique. We show that the conjecture does not hold for directed graphs.Moreover, for every value of the maximum clique size, we provide a tight characterization of the range of possible values of the hat number. We construct families of directed graphs with a fixed clique number the hat number of which is asymptotically optimal. We also determine the hat number of tournaments to be one half.
description: 9 pages. v2: updated title and abstract to match journal version
Adiponectin isoforms: a potential therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis?
Creators: name: Frommer, K. W.
name: Schäffler, Andreas
name: Büchler, Christa
name: Steinmeyer, J.
name: Rickert, M.
name: Rehart, S.
name: Brentano, F.
name: Gay, Steffen
name: Müller-Ladner, Ulf
name: Neumann, Elena
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Objectives: Several clinical studies have suggested the adipocytokine adiponectin is involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). From this point of view, adiponectin might present a new therapeutic target. However, as adiponectin also exerts beneficial effects in the human organism, a strategy that would allow its detrimental effects to be abolished while maintaining the positive effects would be highly favourable. To elucidate such a strategy, the authors analysed whether the different adiponectin isoforms induce diverging effects, especially with regard to rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF), a central cell type in RA pathogenesis capable of invading into and destroying cartilage. Methods: Affymetrix microarrays were used to screen for changes in gene expression of RASF. Messenger RNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR, protein levels by immunoassay. The migration of RASF and primary human lymphocytes was analysed using a two-chamber migration assay. Results: In RASF, the individual adiponectin isoforms induced numerous genes/proteins relevant in RA pathogenesis to clearly different extents. In general, the most potent isoforms were the high molecular weight/middle molecular weight isoforms and the globular isoform, while the least potent isoform was the adiponectin trimer. The chemokines secreted by RASF upon adiponectin stimulation resulted in an increased migration of RASF and lymphocytes. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest a pro-inflammatory and joint-destructive role of all adiponectin isoforms in RA pathophysiology, indicating that in chronic inflammatory joint diseases the detrimental effects outweigh the beneficial effects of adiponectin.