cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
UNE NOUVELLE STATION D'OPHELIA BICORNIS SAVIGNY. CONSIDÉRATIONS ÉCOLOGIQUES
Creators: name: AMOUREUX, Louis
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1962

description: « L’Inventaire de la Faune de Roscoff » (The Inventory of the Fauna of Roscoff) indicated three spots of Ophelia bicornis SAV., along the French sea shores of northern Finistère, two of minor importance, near by the “Station Biologique” ; the third one, far richer, at Kernic, about 12 miles westwards had a far rougher granulometry than the English Ophelia bed of the Exe River, studied by D.P. Wilson.
A new Ophelia stratum was discovered in may-june 1961 at the mouth of the Horn Guillec River, between Kernic and Roscoff. Four settlements are described in it; they are set at intervals from the neaps of high waters to the ever submerged inferior level of the Guillec.
The granulometric study shows that the sands are a little rougher than those of the Exe but, however, they are, all being considered, much more similar to the latter than to those of other French locations. As the similar English sands, they are completely mudless and without elements smaller than 70µ.
The observations made on the spot show that the interstitial waters of Ophelia bicornis area always present a strong percentage of 02 (4 to 8 mg/1), whereas this percentage is rather weaker in the immediate vicinity generally covered with Arenicolous.
Complementory laboratory experiments corroborate that Ophelia bicornis is able to live a whole month if continually under water rich in 02 but die, in that sediment, if the percentage declines exceedingly.
Measurements of breathing intensity establish the strong need in 02 of Ophelia as compared to Arenicola. It is suggested, as a conclusion, that too weak a percentage of 02 in sea sediments might explain, at least in part, the scarcity and the very limited localizations of Ophelia bicornis along the French coast.
Recent Advances in Real Geometric Reasoning
Creators: name: Davenport, James H.
name: England, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.1.2; F.2.2; G.4
subject: 68W30, 03C10

description: In the 1930s Tarski showed that real quantifier elimination was possible, and in 1975 Collins gave a remotely practicable method, albeit with doubly-exponential complexity, which was later shown to be inherent. We discuss some of the recent major advances in Collins method: such as an alternative approach based on passing via the complexes, and advances which come closer to "solving the question asked" rather than "solving all problems to do with these polynomials".
Youth source of acquisition for E-Cigarettes
Creators: name: Martin, J.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Ranney, L.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
name: Baker, H.M.
name: Meernik, C.
name: Heck, C.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2019

description: As rates of traditional cigarette smoking have decreased among youth over the past several years, rates of e-cigarette use have increased. Little evidence exists on how youth obtain e-cigarettes. We used data from middle and high school students under the age of 18 who reported using an e-cigarette in the past 30 days from the 2017 North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 640). We used chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regressions to examine correlates of access and place of acquisition. Over half (51.5%) of youth report acquiring e-cigarettes from a friend. Youth in 12th grade had higher odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a vape shop (aOR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.25, 5.15) or retail outlet (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.18, 4.90) than youth in middle school. Compared to non-Hispanic white youth, Hispanic youth had lower odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a vape shop (aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.87). Youth living with someone who uses e-cigarettes, compared to those who did not, had higher odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a family member (aOR: 3.95, 95% CI: 1.94, 8.05). Finally, current smokers had higher odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a retail outlet (aOR: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.88, 5.70) and lower odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a friend (aOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.77). Youth primarily reported obtaining e-cigarettes from a friend. Living with someone who uses e-cigarettes may be a risk factor for acquiring e-cigarettes from family members. Identifying sources of e-cigarette acquisition will help inform interventions preventing youth e-cigarette access.
AfriDx D1.1 - Project Handbook
Creators: name: Kret
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This handbook details the documents required for management of the project. This includes contact information of all partners, work packages and deliverables, and roles of partners. Also included are documents pertaining to administrative forms and financial aspects.
description: The AfriDx project has been funded by EDCTP and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant number RIA2020EF - 2918.
Theoretical properties of Bayesian Student-$t$ linear regression
Creators: name: Gagnon, Philippe
name: Hayashi, Yoshiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian Student-$t$ linear regression is a common robust alternative to the normal model, but its theoretical properties are not well understood. We aim to fill some gaps by providing analyses in two different asymptotic scenarios. The results allow to precisely characterize the trade-off between robustness and efficiency controlled through the degrees of freedom (at least asymptotically).
(401) Elizabeth Comb
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene: Quantitative Comparison between Theory and Experiment
Creators: name: Balram, Ajit C.
name: Tőke, Csaba
name: Wójs, A.
name: Jain, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of extensive fractional quantum Hall states in graphene brings out the possibility of more accurate quantitative comparisons between theory and experiment than previously possible, because of the negligibility of finite width corrections. We obtain accurate phase diagram for differently spin-polarized fractional quantum Hall states, and also estimate the effect of Landau level mixing using the modified interaction pseudopotentials given in the literature. We find that the observed phase diagram is in good quantitative agreement with theory that neglects Landau level mixing, but the agreement becomes significantly worse when Landau level mixing is incorporated assuming that the corrections to the energies are linear in the Landau level mixing parameter $λ$. This implies that a first order perturbation theory in $λ$ is inadequate for the current experimental systems, for which $λ$ is typically on the order of or greater than one. We also test the accuracy of the composite-fermion theory and find that all lowest Landau level projection methods used in the literature are very accurate for the states of the form $n/(2n+1)$ but for the states at $n/(2n-1)$ the results are more sensitive to the projection method. An earlier prediction of an absence of spin transitions for the $n/(4n+1)$ states is confirmed by more rigorous calculations, and new predictions are made regarding spin physics for the $n/(4n-1)$ states.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures (this version: references updated, typos fixed)
Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review
Creators: name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
name: Baker, H.M.
name: Ranney, L.M.
name: Meernik, C.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Objectives Given the exponential increase in the use of e-cigarettes among younger age groups and in the growth in research on e-cigarette flavours, we conducted a systematic review examining the impact of non-menthol flavoured e-cigarettes on e-cigarette perceptions and use among youth and adults. Design PubMed, Embase, PyscINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies published and indexed through March 2018. Eligibility criteria Quantitative observational and experimental studies that assessed the effect of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use behaviours were included. Specific outcome measures assessed are appeal, reasons for use, risk perceptions, susceptibility, intention to try, initiation, preference, current use, quit intentions and cessation. Data extraction and synthesis Three authors independently extracted data related to the impact of flavours in tobacco products. Data from a previous review were then combined with those from the updated review for final analysis. Results were then grouped and analysed by outcome measure. Results The review included 51 articles for synthesis, including 17 published up to 2016 and an additional 34 published between 2016 and 2018. Results indicate that non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes decrease harm perceptions (five studies) and increase willingness to try and initiation of e-cigarettes (six studies). Among adults, e-cigarette flavours increase product appeal (seven studies) and are a primary reason many adults use the product (five studies). The role of flavoured e-cigarettes on smoking cessation remains unclear (six studies). Conclusion This review provides summary data on the role of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarette perceptions and use. Consistent evidence shows that flavours attract both youth and adults to use e-cigarettes. Given the clear findings that such flavours increase product appeal, willingness to try and initiation among youth, banning non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes may reduce youth e-cigarette use. Longitudinal research is needed to examine any role flavours may play in quit behaviours among adults.
AfriDx D1.2 - Terms of reference for Advisory Board
Creators: name: Kret
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The AfriDx Advisory Board Is a voluntary body which will provide professional connections, scientific and strategic advice and other support to further the aims of the AfriDx project.
description: The AfriDx project has been funded by EDCTP and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant number RIA2020EF - 2918.
Vaping cannabis among adolescents: Prevalence and associations with tobacco use from a cross-sectional study in the USA
Creators: name: Osman, A.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Zarkin, G.A.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
name: Ranney, L.M.
name: Heck, C.
name: Meernik, C.
name: Martin, J.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Objective Previous research suggests that some adolescents are using e-cigarette devices to vaporise ('vaping') cannabis in the form of hash oil, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) wax or oil, or dried cannabis buds or leaves. However, it is unclear how adolescents who vape cannabis use other tobacco products. This study examined the extent to which adolescents reported ever vaping cannabis and investigated how demographic variables and tobacco behaviours were associated with use. Design We used cross-sectional data from adolescents (total response rate 64.5%) who participated in the 2017 North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey. SAS logistic regression survey procedures were used to account for the complex survey design and sampling weights. Setting North Carolina, USA. Participants Adolescents in high school (n=2835). Primary outcome and measure Adolescents were asked to indicate whether they had ever used an e-cigarette device with marijuana, THC or hash oil, or THC wax. Results Approximately 1 in 10 high school students reported ever vaping cannabis in the overall sample (9.6%). In multivariable models, adolescents who reported using cigars (adjusted OR (aOR) 3.76, 95% CI 2.33 to 6.07), waterpipe (aOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.93) or e-cigarettes (aOR 3.18, 95% CI 2.38 to 4.25) in the past 30 days had higher odds of reporting ever vaping cannabis compared with their counterparts. There was no significant association between use of smokeless tobacco (aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.91) or use of cigarettes (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 0.71 to 2.29) in the past 30 days and odds of reporting ever vaping cannabis. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that large numbers of high school students who use tobacco products have vaped cannabis. As tobacco control policies - such as communication campaigns or smoke-free laws - increasingly focus on e-cigarettes, attention to understanding how adolescents use e-cigarettes to vape substances other than nicotine is essential.
Adolescents' first tobacco products: Associations with current multiple tobacco product use
Creators: name: Heck, C.
name: Meernik, C.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Osman, A.
name: Sutfin, E.L.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
name: Ranney, L.M.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2019

description: Understanding which tobacco products adolescents use first can lead to insights for tobacco prevention interventions and policies. We used cross-sectional data from high school students who reported ever using a tobacco product from the 2017 North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 1,053). In multivariable regressions, we examined how demographic and psychosocial factors were associated with adolescents' first product tried and how first product tried was associated with current tobacco use (i.e., no use, use of a single product, use of multiple products) and frequency of tobacco use. Cigarettes (34.8%) and e-cigarettes (33.7%) were the most frequently reported first products tried, followed by cigars (15.6%), smokeless tobacco (10.7%), waterpipe (4.0%), and other tobacco products (i.e., pipe tobacco or some other tobacco product) (1.2%). Demographic differences in adolescents' first product tried existed, with Black adolescents having higher odds of initiating tobacco use via cigars (aOR: 6.17, 95% CI: 3.75, 10.14). Adolescents who initiated tobacco use via cigars (aOR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.31, 4.13) or smokeless tobacco (aOR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.04) had higher odds of being a multiple current tobacco product user, whereas adolescents who initiated tobacco use via e-cigarettes (aOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.93) had lower odds of being a multiple current tobacco product user. Additionally, adolescents who initiated tobacco use via smokeless tobacco had higher odds of currently using at least one tobacco product frequently (aOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.48), while adolescents who initiated tobacco use via e-cigarettes had lower odds of currently using at least one tobacco product frequently (aOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.70). These findings suggest that most adolescents reported initiating tobacco use via cigarettes or e-cigarettes and that trying certain products first (e.g., cigars, smokeless tobacco) was associated with higher odds of multiple current tobacco product use.
An eye tracking study of anti-smoking messages on toxic chemicals in cigarettes
Creators: name: Goldstein, A.O.
name: Jarman, K.L.
name: Ranney, L.M.
name: Queen, T.L.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2019

description: The US Food and Drug Administration is tasked with communicating information to the public about the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke. Our study used eye tracking method to test the effectiveness of messages about the harmful chemicals in cigarettes smoke among adult smokers. A sample size of 211 current cigarette smokers viewed four communication messages that included: Health effects of a chemical in cigarette smoke and an image depicting the health effect. The messages focused on arsenic, formaldehyde, uranium, and general health. Eye tracking recorded the length of time participants viewed the text and the image. After each message, the participants were asked about the messages’ effectiveness in changing attitudes towards smoking. We analyzed the data using multilevel modeling, and of the 211 smokers, 59.7% were female, 36.5% were Black, and 21.3% had a high school degree or less. Compared to the general message, the messages about formaldehyde and uranium were more discouraging to smoking (p < 0.05). Messages about formaldehyde were more believable and made participants want to quit more than the general messages. Increasing message dose was significantly associated with discouraging participants from smoking and made participants want to quit (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that anti-smoking messages, containing chemical information, can successfully increase negative attitudes toward smoking cigarettes and potentially encourage quitting.
Solutions to the Dirac Equation in Kerr-Newman Geometries including the black-hole region
Creators: name: Krpoun, Christoph
name: Müller, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58J45, 35L02

description: We investigate the Dirac equation in Kerr-Newman space-time, using horizon penetrating coordinates (Eddington-Finkelstein-Coordinates) and the Newman-Penrose formalism to separate the equation into radial and angular systems of ordinary differential equations, and deriving the asymptotics of the radial solutions at infinity and at the Cauchy horizon.
description: 26 pages
Regression analysis with missing data and unknown colored noise: application to the MICROSCOPE space mission
Creators: name: Baghi, Q.
name: Métris, G.
name: Bergé, J.
name: Christophe, B.
name: Touboul, P.
name: Rodrigues, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of physical measurements often copes with highly correlated noises and interruptions caused by outliers, saturation events or transmission losses. We assess the impact of missing data on the performance of linear regression analysis involving the fit of modeled or measured time series. We show that data gaps can significantly alter the precision of the regression parameter estimation in the presence of colored noise, due to the frequency leakage of the noise power. We present a regression method which cancels this effect and estimates the parameters of interest with a precision comparable to the complete data case, even if the noise power spectral density (PSD) is not known a priori. The method is based on an autoregressive (AR) fit of the noise, which allows us to build an approximate generalized least squares estimator approaching the minimal variance bound. The method, which can be applied to any similar data processing, is tested on simulated measurements of the MICROSCOPE space mission, whose goal is to test the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) with a precision of $10^{-15}$. In this particular context the signal of interest is the WEP violation signal expected to be found around a well defined frequency. We test our method with different gap patterns and noise of known PSD and find that the results agree with the mission requirements, decreasing the uncertainty by a factor 60 with respect to ordinary least squares methods. We show that it also provides a test of significance to assess the uncertainty of the measurement.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Pseudo-Riemannian Sasaki solvmanifolds
Creators: name: Conti, Diego
name: Rossi, Federico A.
name: Dalmasso, Romeo Segnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C25 (Primary) 53D20, 53C50, 22E25 (Secondary)

description: We study a class of left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian Sasaki metrics on solvable Lie groups, which can be characterized by the property that the zero level set of the moment map relative to the action of some one-parameter subgroup $\{\exp tX\}$ is a normal nilpotent subgroup commuting with $\{\exp tX\}$, and $X$ is not lightlike. We characterize this geometry in terms of the Sasaki reduction and its pseudo-Kähler quotient under the action generated by the Reeb vector field. We classify pseudo-Riemannian Sasaki solvmanifolds of this type in dimension $5$ and those of dimension $7$ whose Kähler reduction in the above sense is abelian.
description: 25 pages, 1 table. v2: corrected the Lie algebras appearing in Theorem 5.7 and Table 1; added Remark 5.9 concerning isomorphisms between Lie algebras in Table 1; typos corrected; presentation improved
(402) Peter Cunningham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
RÉGULATION OSMOTIQUE INTRACELLULAIRE CHEZ ASTERIAS RUBENS L. RÔLE DU GLYCOCOLLE ET DE LA TAURINE
Creators: name: JEUNIAUX, Ch.
name: BRICTEUX-GRÉGOIRE, S.
name: FLORKIN, M.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1962

description: The mechanism of euryhalinity in Asterias rubens has been studied in a batch collected in the Channel (Coast of Brittany). These starfishes are able to survive foratleastaperiodof10daysina mediumcontaining60%seawater (A : —1°23 C), when the transfer from sea water is realized progressively, within three days.
During the adaptation to diluted sea water, the osmotic pressure of the internal medium (perivisceral fluids) is the same as that of the external medium. The tissues of the gastric caeca, however, shows only a small variation of hydration, which implies an effective isosmotic intracellular regulation. The variation in the intracellular concentration of the free glycine and the free taurine in the tissues, plays an important part in this mechanism.
Vaping industry-funded academic scholarships
Creators: name: Baler, G.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
name: Paci, K.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: While the benefits versus the risks of increased e-cigarette use among adults remains unsettled, the fact that 21% of high school students in 2018 have used e-cigarettes in the last month is concerning to almost all policymakers and clinicians. A recent e-cigarette marketing technique involves the promotion of scholarships for students. Given the novelty of these promotions, we undertook an analysis to understand how widespread this practice is in the USA, along with characteristics of such scholarships.
On the local Tamagawa number conjecture for Tate motives over tamely ramified fields
Creators: name: Daigle, Jay
name: Flach, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F20 (Primary), 11G40, 18F10, 22A99 (Secondary)

description: The local Tamagawa number conjecure, first formulated by Fontaine and Perrin-Riou, expresses the compatibility of the (global) Tamagawa number conjecture on motivic $L$-functions with the functional equation. The local conjecture was proven for Tate motives over finite unramified extensions $K/\mathbb{Q}_p$ by Bloch and Kato. We use the theory of $(ϕ, Γ_K)$-modules and a reciprocity law due to Cherbonnier and Colmez to provide a new proof in the case of unramified extensions, and to prove the conjecture for the motive $\mathbb{Q}_p(2)$ over certain tamely ramified extensions.
description: 45 pages, LaTeX; extensive revisions and clarifications based on feedback; to appear in Algebra & Number Theory
Peer support opportunities across the cancer care continuum: a systematic scoping review of recent peer-reviewed literature
Creators: name: Martin, M.Y.
name: Davis, K.L.
name: Tang, P.Y.
name: Carlisle, V.
name: Sokol, R.L.
name: Bhushan, N.L.
name: Eng, E.
name: Ellis, K.R.
name: Fisher, E.B.
name: Walker, J.S.
name: Brodar, K.
name: Vines, A.I.
name: Black, K.Z.
name: McGuirt, J.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Cranley, N.M.
Publisher: name: Springer Verlag
Year: 2019

description: Objective: Evidence suggests peer support (PS) is as an effective strategy for enhancing prevention and control of chronic and infectious diseases, including cancer. This systematic scoping review examines the range and variety of interventions on the use of PS across the cancer care continuum. Method: We used a broad definition of PS to capture a wide-range of interventions and characterize the current status of the field. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, SCOPUS, and CINAHL to identify relevant articles published from January 2011 to June 2016. We screened the title and abstracts of 2087 articles, followed by full-text screening of 420 articles, resulting in a final sample of 242 articles of which the most recent 100 articles were reviewed (published June 2014 to May 2016). Results: A number of the recent intervention studies focused on breast cancer (32%, breast cancer only) or multiple cancer sites (23%). Although the interventions spanned all phases of the cancer care continuum, only 2% targeted end-of-life care. Seventy-six percent focused on clinical outcomes (e.g., screening, treatment adherence) and 72% on reducing health disparities. Interventions were primarily phone-based (44%) or delivered in a clinic setting (44%). Only a few studies (22%) described the impact of providing PS on peer supporters. Conclusion: PS appears to be a widely used approach to address needs across the cancer care continuum, with many opportunities to expand its reach.
THE EARLY LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF MEMBRANIPORA SEURATI (CANU) and ELECTRA CRUSTULENTA (PALLAS), POLYZOA
Creators: name: COOK, Patricia L.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1962

description: Observations on live colonies of Electra crustiilenta (Pallas) and Membranipora seurati (Canu) show that they differ not only in their adult characters but also in larval development. The two species differ in the time of onset of the breeding season (in Britain), and in the size of the eggs. The primary egg capsule of E. crustulenta ruptures at the second embryonic division, that of M. seurati remains intact until release of the larva, which is different in shape in the two species. There is some evidence that larva of M. seurati may also differ from that of E. crustulenta in its smaller size, absence of bivalve shell, and shorter free-swimming life.
title: A comparative analysis of similar respiratory viruses to determine a cause for their differential phenotypes
Creators: name: Thorpe, Charlotte
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Pandemic viruses have plagued humanity since records began. Recent years have seen viruses re-emerge from the past with high sequence identity to previous strains despite significant differences in virulence and pathogenicity. This research focuses on two different viruses. Firstly, investigating the determinants of pathogenicity in influenza A(H1N1) using a novel approach developed at the University of Kent to identify differentially conserved positions (DCPs). DCPs are specific positions within the virus protein that are one amino acid in group 1 and a different amino acid in group 2, meaning they have no structural purpose but may play a role in pathogenicity. This will be explored as it may explain how differences in pathogenicity can arise between related viruses. Secondly, this project considers the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to the serine protease drugs camostat and nafamostat by analysing sequence data provided by collaborators at Frankfurt University. N233S, T293I, and Q250P are three influenza A(H1N1) DCPs that were concluded to cause likely effects to the protein structure or function and therefore, may well be causing the differences in phenotypes and therefore the differences in disease severity. Furthermore, S50L, A222V, D614G, A653V, T732I and A879V are SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations that were found to cause likely effects to the protein structure or function, signifying they may contribute to resistance to camostat or nafamostat. This project has found several mutations of interest between closely related viruses that provides insight as to how mutations in viral genomes can cause differences in phenotypes.
Additional file 3 of Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients with oral anticoagulation-related critical bleeding: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Creators: name: Ovesen, Christian
name: Purrucker, Jan
name: Grundtvig, Josefine
name: Mikkelsen, Theis Bech
name: Gluud, Christian
name: Jakobsen, Janus Christian
name: Christensen, Hanne
name: Steiner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3.
Risk factors for multiple tobacco product use among high school youth
Creators: name: Ranney, L.M.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Osman, A.
name: Heck, C.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: To examine how youth multiple tobacco product (MTP) users differ relative to non-users and to single-product users on risk factors at multiple levels of influence. Methods: We analyzed data on high school students from the North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey, 2015 (n = 2922). Single- and MTP use were defined as use of one, or two or more tobacco products in the past month, respectively. Multinomial regressions estimated the association between risk factors and MTP use compared to single-product use and non-use of tobacco. Risk factors included intra-personal (e.g., harm perceptions), and interpersonal (e.g., household, peer tobacco use, secondhand smoke or vapor, and advertising) factors. Results: Of students, 12% and 13% were single product and MTP users, respectively. Many differences emerged between MTP users and non-tobacco users, with MTP users showing lower harm perceptions, higher perceived social benefits of smoking, significantly higher relative risk of having friends who use tobacco (RRR = 4.79, 95% CI 3.42, 6.70), of exposure to secondhand e-cigarette vapor (RRR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.23, 1.48), and of being receptive to tobacco marketing (RRR = 4.01, 95% CI 2.87, 5.61). Fewer differences emerged between MTP and single product users with MTP users having significantly higher relative risk of having friends who use tobacco (RRR = 2.31 95% CI 1.73, 3.07), of exposure to secondhand vapor (RRR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02, 1.18), and of being receptive to tobacco marketing (RRR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.17, 2.50). Conclusions: Efforts that target multiple tobacco product use should increase youth tobacco-related harm perceptions, and protect youth from social, peer, and industry influences.
$Herschel$ SPIRE-FTS observations of RCW 120
Creators: name: Rodón, J. A.
name: Zavagno, A.
name: Baluteau, J. -P.
name: Habart, E.
name: Köhler, M.
name: Bourlot, J. Le
name: Petit, F. Le
name: Abergel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expansion of Galactic HII regions can trigger the formation of a new generation of stars. However, little is know about the physical conditions that prevail in these regions. We study the physical conditions that prevail in specific zones towards expanding HII regions that trace representative media such as the photodissociation region, the ionized region, and condensations with and without ongoing star formation. We use the SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) on board $Herschel$ to observe the HII region RCW 120. Continuum and lines are observed in the $190-670\,μ$m range. Line intensities and line ratios are obtained and used as physical diagnostics of the gas. We used the Meudon PDR code and the RADEX code to derive the gas density and the radiation field at nine distinct positions including the PDR surface and regions with and without star-formation activity. For the different regions we detect the atomic lines [NII] at $205\,μ$m and [CI] at $370$ and $609\,μ$m, the $^{12}{\rm CO}$ ladder between the $J=4$ and $J=13$ levels and the $^{13}{\rm CO}$ ladder between the $J=5$ and $J=14$ levels, as well as CH$ ^{+} $ in absorption. We find gas temperatures in the range $45-250\,$K for densities of $10^4-10^6\,{\rm cm}^{-3}$, and a high column density on the order of $N_{\rm H}\sim10^{22}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$ that is in agreement with dust analysis. The ubiquitousness of the atomic and CH$ ^{+} $ emission suggests the presence of a low-density PDR throughout RCW 120. High-excitation lines of CO indicate the presence of irradiated dense structures or small dense clumps containing young stellar objects, while we also find a less dense medium ($N_{\rm H}\sim10^{20}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$) with high temperatures ($80-200\,$K).
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted by A&A
Adolescents’ aided recall of targeted and non-targeted tobacco communication campaigns in the united states
Creators: name: Lazard, A.J.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Noar, S.M.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
name: Queen, T.L.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2018

description: We examined whether advertisements from two national tobacco control campaigns targeting adolescents (i.e., The Real Cost, Fresh Empire) and one campaign targeting adults (i.e., Tips from Former Smokers) were reaching adolescents. Data came from a national sample of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (n = 975) surveyed by phone from August 2016 to May 2017. We assessed recall and attitudes toward five specific advertisements and three campaign slogans and examined differences by sub-groups. Almost all (95%) adolescents recalled seeing at least one campaign advertisement. Aided recall of The Real Cost and Tips from Former Smokers slogans was high (65.5% and 71.6%, respectively), while aided recall of Fresh Empire slogan was lower (15.3%) (χ2 p-value: p < 0.001); however, Black adolescents had higher odds of recalling the Fresh Empire ad (aOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.73) and slogan (aOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.06, 6.54) compared to White adolescents. Increased exposure to the advertisements (i.e., recalling more advertisements) was significantly associated with higher odds of reporting negative feelings toward tobacco products in 4/5 models (aORs from 1.34 to 1.61). Large-scale national campaigns can have wide reach among both targeted and non-targeted audiences with added benefits for cumulative cross-campaign exposure to advertisements.
(397) Auguste Charlotte Sophia Naumann
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Information to improve public perceptions of the food and drug administration (FDA’s) tobacco regulatory role
Creators: name: Ranney, L.M.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Jarman, K.L.
name: Osman, A.
name: Sheeran, P.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2018

description: While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has had regulatory authority over tobacco products since 2009, public awareness of this authority remains limited. This research examines several broad types of information about FDA tobacco regulatory mission that may improve the perceptions of FDA as a tobacco regulator. Using Amazon Mechanical Turk, 1766 adults, smokers and non-smokers, were randomly assigned to view a statement about FDA regulatory authority that varied three information types in a 2 × 2 × 2 between subjects experimental design: (1) FDA’s roles in regulating tobacco (yes/no); (2) The scientific basis of regulations (yes/no); and (3) A potential protective function of regulations (yes/no). Using factorial ANOVA, we estimated the main and interactive effects of all three types of information and of smoking status on the perceptions of FDA. Participants that were exposed to information on FDA roles reported higher FDA credibility and a greater perceived knowledge of FDA than those who did not. Exposure to information about the scientific basis of regulations led to more negative views of the tobacco industry. Participants who learned of the FDA’s commitment to protecting the public reported higher FDA credibility and more positive attitudes toward regulations than those who did not learn of this commitment. We observed no significant interaction effects. The findings suggest that providing information about the regulatory roles and protective characterization of the FDA’s tobacco regulatory mission positively influence public perceptions of FDA and tobacco regulations.
Muon and electron $g-2$ anomalies in a flavor conserving 2HDM with an oblique view on the CDF $M_W$ value
Creators: name: Botella, Francisco J.
name: Cornet-Gomez, Fernando
name: Miró, Carlos
name: Nebot, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a type I or type X two Higgs doublets model with a modified lepton sector. The generalized lepton sector is also flavor conserving but with the new Yukawa couplings completely decoupled from lepton mass proportionality. The model is one loop stable under renormalization group evolution and it allows to reproduce the $g-2$ muon anomaly together with the different scenarios one can consider for the electron $g-2$ anomaly, related to the Cesium and/or to the Rubidium recoil measurements of the fine structure constant. Thorough parameter space analyses are performed to constrain all the model parameters in the different scenarios, either including or not including the recent CDF measurement of the W boson mass. For light new scalars with masses in the $0.2$-$1.0$ TeV range, the muon anomaly receives dominant one loop contributions; it is for heavy new scalars with masses above $1.2$ TeV that two loop Barr-Zee diagrams are needed. The electron $g-2$ anomaly, if any, must always be obtained with the two loop contributions. The final allowed regions are quite sensitive to the assumptions about perturbativity of Yukawa couplings, which influence unexpected observables like the allowed scalar mass ranges. On that respect, intermediate scalar masses, highly constrained by direct LHC searches, are allowed provided that the new lepton Yukawa couplings are fully scrutinized, including values up to 250 GeV. In the framework of a complete model, fully numerically analysed, we show the implications of the recent $M_{W}$ measurement.
description: Published version
Attitudes towards potential new tobacco control regulations among U.S. adults
Creators: name: Goldstein, A.O.
name: Schmidt, A.M.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Myers, A.E.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2018

description: Favorable attitudes towards tobacco control policies can facilitate their implementation and success. We examined attitudes toward four potential U.S. Federal tobacco regulations (banning menthol from cigarettes, reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes, banning candy and fruit flavored electronic cigarettes, and banning candy and fruit flavored little cigars and cigarillos) and associations with individual and state variables. A nationally representative phone survey of 4337 adults assessed attitudes toward potential policies. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess relationships between attitudes and demographic factors, smoking behavior, beliefs about the government (knowledge, trust, and credibility), exposure to tobacco control campaigns, and state variables from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System. Most respondents supported three out of four policies. Respondents that were female, non-white, Latino, living below the poverty line, had less than high school education, were of older age, did not smoke, had higher trust in government, and were exposed to national tobacco control campaigns had higher odds of expressing favorable attitudes toward potential new tobacco regulations than did their counterparts. No state-level effects were found. While differences in attitudes were observed by individual demographic characteristics, behaviors, and beliefs, a majority of participants supported most of the potential new tobacco regulations surveyed.
title:  Note sulla c.d. ‘degiurisdizionalizzazione’ (una proposta di modifica dell’art. 102, 2° comma, Cost. per deflazionare il contenzioso civile)
Creators: name: Scarsellli, Giuliano
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Lo scritto affronta il tema della cd. degiurisdizionalizzazione, cui il legislatore contemporaneo fa frequentemente ricorso per migliorare l’efficienza e la ragionevole durata dei processi civili. L’Autore affronta le questioni di legittimità della cd. degiurisdizionalizzazione rispetto all’art. 102 della Costituzione, secondo cui la funzione giurisdizionale è esercitata dai magistrati ordinari.
description: Scritti dedicati a Maurizio Converso
(399) Elizabeth Brown
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional file 5 of Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients with oral anticoagulation-related critical bleeding: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Creators: name: Ovesen, Christian
name: Purrucker, Jan
name: Grundtvig, Josefine
name: Mikkelsen, Theis Bech
name: Gluud, Christian
name: Jakobsen, Janus Christian
name: Christensen, Hanne
name: Steiner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 5.
E-Cigarette use among adolescents not susceptible to using cigarettes
Creators: name: Osman, A.
name: Ranney, L.M.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
name: Heck, C.
Publisher: name: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Year: 2018

description: Introduction Research suggests that adolescents who use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), including adolescents not susceptible to smoking cigarettes (ie, those who have never smoked cigarettes and are not attitudinally susceptible to using cigarettes), are more likely to initiate using cigarettes or other combustible tobacco products than adolescents who do not use e-cigarettes. In this study, we examined correlates of e-cigarette use and susceptibility among adolescents not susceptible to future cigarette smoking. Methods We used data on high school students from the 2015 North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 1,627). SAS logistic regression survey procedures were used to account for the complex survey design and sampling weights. Results Increasing perceived harm of e-cigarettes was associated with lower odds of susceptibility to using e-cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.96) and current use of e-cigarettes (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25-0.72). Similar patterns were found for perceived harm of secondhand e-cigarette vapor. Exposure to e-cigarette vapor in indoor or outdoor public places was positively associated with susceptibility to using ecigarettes (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.33-2.91) and with current e-cigarette use (AOR = 5.69; 95% CI, 2.57-12.61). Conclusion To prevent initiation of e-cigarette use, particularly among adolescents not susceptible to smoking cigarettes, educational campaigns could target harm perceptions associated with e-cigarettes. In addition, regulations that limit adolescents' exposure to e-cigarettes in public places may decrease e-cigarette use by nonsusceptible adolescents.
An integrated model for the post-solidification shape and grain morphology of fusion welds
Creators: name: Kidess, Anton
name: Tong, Mingming
name: Duggan, Gregory
name: Browne, David J.
name: Kenjereš, Saša
name: Richardson, Ian
name: Kleijn, Chris R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through an integrated macroscale/mesoscale computational model, we investigate the developing shape and grain morphology during the melting and solidification of a weld. In addition to macroscale surface tension driven fluid flow and heat transfer, we predict the solidification progression using a mesoscale model accounting for realistic solidification kinetics, rather than quasi-equilibrium thermodynamics. The tight coupling between the macroscale and the mesoscale distinguishes our results from previously published studies. The inclusion of Marangoni driven fluid flow and heat transfer, both during heating and cooling, was found to be crucial for accurately predicting both weld pool shape and grain morphology. However, if only the shape of the weld pool is of interest, a thermodynamic quasi-equilibrium solidification model, neglecting solidification kinetics, was found to suffice when including fluid flow and heat transfer. We demonstrate that the addition of a sufficient concentration of approximately 1 $μ$m diameter TiN grain refining particles effectively triggers a favorable transition from columnar dendritic to equiaxed grains, as it allows for the latter to heterogeneously nucleate in the undercooled melt ahead of the columnar dendritic front. This transition from columnar to equiaxed growth is achievable for widely differing weld conditions, and its precise nature is relatively insensitive to the concentration of particles and to inaccurately known model parameters.