cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Automatic Feature Engineering for Time Series Classification: Evaluation and Discussion
Creators: name: Renault, Aurélien
name: Bondu, Alexis
name: Lemaire, Vincent
name: Gay, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Time Series Classification (TSC) has received much attention in the past two decades and is still a crucial and challenging problem in data science and knowledge engineering. Indeed, along with the increasing availability of time series data, many TSC algorithms have been suggested by the research community in the literature. Besides state-of-the-art methods based on similarity measures, intervals, shapelets, dictionaries, deep learning methods or hybrid ensemble methods, several tools for extracting unsupervised informative summary statistics, aka features, from time series have been designed in the recent years. Originally designed for descriptive analysis and visualization of time series with informative and interpretable features, very few of these feature engineering tools have been benchmarked for TSC problems and compared with state-of-the-art TSC algorithms in terms of predictive performance. In this article, we aim at filling this gap and propose a simple TSC process to evaluate the potential predictive performance of the feature sets obtained with existing feature engineering tools. Thus, we present an empirical study of 11 feature engineering tools branched with 9 supervised classifiers over 112 time series data sets. The analysis of the results of more than 10000 learning experiments indicate that feature-based methods perform as accurately as current state-of-the-art TSC algorithms, and thus should rightfully be considered further in the TSC literature.
Hierarchy independent sensitivity to leptonic δ_CP with atmospheric neutrinos
Creators: name: Indumathi, D
name: Murthy, M V N
name: Mohan, Lakshmi S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dirac leptonic CP phase δ_CP is one of the crucial unknown parameters in neutrino oscillation physics. In this paper we explore the possibility of using low energy atmospheric neutrino events to probe δ_CP . We show that at sub GeV energies, when the events are binned as a function of the energy and direction of the final state leptons, a consistent distinction between various true δ_CP values is obtained. We also show that at these energies there is no sensitivity to the mass ordering/hierarchy, so that δ_CP can be measured without hierarchy ambiguity. In addition a preliminary \c{hi}^2 analysis of the sensitivity to δ_CP using atmospheric neutrinos assuming a generic detector with perfect separation between charged current ν_μ , \bar{ν}_μ , ν_e and \bar{ν}_e events is given.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, revised to include contrast between low and high energy atmospheric neutrino information and expanded
Galenic formulations of Cannabis sativa: comparison of the chemical properties of extracts obtained by simple protocols using lipidic vehicles
Creators: name: Aguirre, Matías E.
name: Orallo, Dalila E.
name: Suárez, Patricia A.
name: Ramirez, Cristina L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The growing use of Cannabis sativa as a complementary therapy to allopathic medicine has brought about the modification of laws for its use worldwide. This entails the need to harmonize the methods of galenic preparations in pharmacies and cannabis-specialized non-governmental organizations as well as for self-provision as contemplated in some current legislation, such as that of Argentina. Thus, this work aimed to study simple and efficient methods to produce medicinal cannabis oils that require low-cost equipment and few handling steps. The final formulas allowed the obtaining of preparations of known concentrations of neutral cannabinoids, total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity. These methods allow for the selection of convenient vehicles and access to safe medicinal products of standardized quality. Our results show that cannabis extraction can be efficiently performed by directly using long-chain lipidic vehicles as extractants, resulting in a formulation with maximized oxidizing capacity and potentially extending its durability.
Radial modes of levitating atmospheres around Eddington-luminosity neutron stars
Creators: name: Bollimpalli, Deepika Ananda
name: Kluźniak, Włodek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an optically thin radiation-supported levitating atmosphere suspended well above the stellar surface, as discussed recently in the Schwarzschild metric for a star of luminosity close to the Eddington value. Assuming the atmosphere to be geometrically thin and polytropic, we investigate the eigenmodes and calculate the frequencies of the oscillations of the atmosphere in Newtonian formalism. The ratio of the two lowest eigenfrequencies is $\sqrt{γ+1}$, i.e., it only depends on the adiabatic index.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Cytotoxic pyrone derivatives from the deep-sea-derived fungus Cladosporium halotolerans FS702
Creators: name: Li, Xuejiao
name: Chen, Yuchan
name: Liu, Zhaoming
name: Li, Saini
name: Liu, Hongxin
name: Wang, Yanlin
name: Zhang, Weimin
name: Yan, Hanjing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Two new compounds (R)-6-((8S)-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one (1) and (R)-6-((8R)-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one (2), together with four known compounds were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Cladosporium halotolerans FS702. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D/2D NMR, IR, UV, HRESIMS, ECD calculations as well as the modified Mosher’s method. Cytotoxic assay results showed that compound 2 had significant cytotoxic activity against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG-2, and A549 cells lines with IC50 values of 0.16, 0.47, 0.33 and 0.23 µM, respectively.
Identity's influence on behavioural determinants and types: A repeated measures study
Creators: name: Condie, Matthew
name: Vincent, Grace
name: Rebar, Amanda
name: Alfrey, Kristie-Lee Rae
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2023

description: As we continuously seek to bridge the intention-behaviour gap, behaviour researchers have acknowledged the potential influence of identity on behaviour. To really understand such an intricate relationship, research must delve into the depths of the identity-behaviour interaction to consider how identity is most influential regarding behaviour change? And does behaviour type play a role in the identity-behaviour relationship?

This research uses a repeated measures approach to investigate identity, behavioural mechanisms, and behaviour types in everyday context. Outcomes will aid development of empirical understandings and behaviour change interventions.

*This research forms part of Kristie-Lee Alfrey's PhD Thesis.
Water Ice, Oxygenation, and Magnetic Monopoles
Creators: name: Frost, Randall S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 519999
subject: Other physical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Several years ago, this author considered the interaction of an incident magnetic monopole with a water-ice hydrogen bond. In that paper, as in this one, the energy of the monopole was calculated to be 0.008 ev, which coincides with a wavelength of 149 microns. This wavelength further suggests a progenitor monopole arrived on Earth some 2.4 billion years ago, or about the time of the Great Oxidation Event. Here we consider these interactions in further detail.
List and description of improved methods for the assessment of welfare
Creators: name: EURCAW-Poultry-SFA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: broiler
laying hens
waterbath stunning
animal welfare
methods of assessment

description: This document regards the methods used during official animal welfare inspections on broiler farms, in alternative systems for laying hens, and in slaughterhouses applying waterbath stunning.
Nutritional characterization of an underutilized legume Entada rheedii Spreng. seeds and validation of its folklore uses
Creators: name: Rawat, Poonam
name: Kumar, Bhanu
name: Misra, Ankita
name: Singh, Satyendra Pratap
name: Srivastava, Sharad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Entada rheedii seeds are a rich source of protein (23.99% ± 0.07), starch (42.04% ± 0.05) and potassium (1670.15 ppm ± 116.732). HPTLC–UV analysis (seeds) reveals galactose in considerable amount, that is, 2.60% ± 0.008. Additionally, the species is low in fat and anti-nutrient metabolites like tannin. Interestingly, the proximates in Entada seeds was found comparable with the commonly consumed legumes like cowpea, green gram, and so on. The species exhibits promising anti-radical, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity. Data advocates the folklore use of E. rheedii seeds and can be a promising alternative source of dietary nutrition, fortified with medicinal value. Standardization and validation of scientific knowledge will bring such underutilized, low-cost legumes into daily dietary intake and are a promising source for Protein-Energy-Malnutrition.
Polyakov loop correlator in perturbation theory
Creators: name: Berwein, Matthias
name: Brambilla, Nora
name: Petreczky, Peter
name: Vairo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Polyakov loop correlator in the weak coupling expansion and show how the perturbative series re-exponentiates into singlet and adjoint contributions. We calculate the order $g^7$ correction to the Polyakov loop correlator in the short distance limit. We show how the singlet and adjoint free energies arising from the re-exponentiation formula of the Polyakov loop correlator are related to the gauge invariant singlet and octet free energies that can be defined in pNRQCD, namely we find that the two definitions agree at leading order in the multipole expansion, but differ at first order in the quark-antiquark distance.
description: 58 pages, 2 figures; v2 journal version; v3 misprints corrected
Magnetic tension and instabilities in the Orion A integral shaped filament
Creators: name: Schleicher, Dominik R. G.
name: Stutz, Amelia M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Orion nebula is a prime example of a massive star-forming region in our galaxy. Observations have shown that gravitational and magnetic energy are comparable in its integral shaped filament (ISF) on a scale of ~1 pc, and that the population of pre-main sequence stars appears dynamically heated compared to the protostars. These results have been attributed to a slingshot mechanism resulting from the oscillation of the filament (Stutz & Gould 2016). In this paper, we show that radially contracting filaments naturally evolve toward a state where gravitational, magnetic, and rotational energy are comparable. While the contraction of the filament will preferentially amplify the axial component of the magnetic field, the presence of rotation leads to a helical field structure. We show how magnetic tension can give rise to a filament oscillation, and estimate a typical timescale of 0.7 million years for the motion of the filament to the position of maximum displacement, consistent with the characteristic timescale of the ejected stars. Furthermore, the presence of helical magnetic fields is expected to give rise to magneto-hydrodynamical instabilities. We show here that the presence of a magnetic field significantly enhances the overall instability, which operates on a characteristic scale of about 1 pc. We expect the physics discussed here to be generally relevant in massive star forming regions, and encourage further investigations in the future.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. MNRAS, accepted
Green synthesis and biological evaluation of glaucanic acid and dihydrocompactin acid by endophytic fungus Penicillium polonicum from Zingiber officinale
Creators: name: Gupta, Suruchi
name: Choudhary, Malvi
name: Singh, Baljinder
name: Kushwaha, Manoj
name: Dhar, Manoj K.
name: Kaul, Sanjana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Fungal endophytes are valued for biosynthesizing chemically diverse metabolic cascade with interesting biological activities. In the current investigation, two compounds were isolated from Penicillium polonicum, an endophyte of Zingiber officinale. The active moieties, glaucanic acid (1) and dihydrocompactin acid (2) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of P. polonicum and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Further, bioactive potential of the isolated compounds was evaluated by antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity assays. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed antifungal activity against phytopathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with more than 50% reduction in its growth. Both the compounds exhibited antioxidant activity against free radicals (DPPH and ABTS) and cytotoxicity activity against cancer cell lines respectively. The compounds, glaucanic acid and dihydrocompactin acid are being reported for the first time from an endophytic fungus. This is the first report on the biological activities of Dihydrocompactin acid produced by endophytic fungal strain.
On-device AI: Quantization-aware Training of Transformers in Time-Series
Creators: name: Ling, Tianheng
name: Schiele, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) models for time-series in pervasive computing keep getting larger and more complicated. The Transformer model is by far the most compelling of these AI models. However, it is difficult to obtain the desired performance when deploying such a massive model on a sensor device with limited resources. My research focuses on optimizing the Transformer model for time-series forecasting tasks. The optimized model will be deployed as hardware accelerators on embedded Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). I will investigate the impact of applying Quantization-aware Training to the Transformer model to reduce its size and runtime memory footprint while maximizing the advantages of FPGAs.
description: This paper is accepted by 2023 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications(PhD Forum)
Pentacyclic triterpenoids from the stem of Grewia bracteata Roth demonstrate promising inhibition on tumour cells
Creators: name: Abdelaziz, Mazin Aboobaida Abdalla
name: Sahu, Abhishek
name: Peraman, Ramalingam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Grewia bracteata Roth stem was investigated for its anticancer potential for the first time. Initially, polarity-guided extracts from three solvents were screened on HeLa, HCT- 116 and MCF-7 tumours cells. The results revealed that ethyl acetate extract (GSE) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited HeLa, HCT- 116 and MCF-7 cells with respective IC50 values of 30.58, 14.26 and 22.91 µg/mL. GSE inhibited HCT-116 cells with 6- and 21-folds higher than hexane (GSN) and methanol (GSM) extracts, respectively. Hence, column chromatography of GSE was performed and fractionated to 18 fractions. The obtained fractions were further tested on HCT-116 cells. Amongst, the fractions HF6 and DF1 were active with the respective IC50 values of 25.35 and 31.28, µg/mL (p < 0.05). These active fractions were profiled using H1-NMR, C13-NMR and LC-MS/MS analysis, and found the presence of pentacyclic triterpenoids like betulin diacetate and ursolic acid.
Isolation, characterization, and evaluation of anxiolytic bioactive compounds from the seed of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek in mice
Creators: name: Uppalwar, Sonali V.
name: Garg, Vandana
name: Joshi, Shrikant
name: Dutt, Rohit
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Recent therapy for managing anxiety disorders is linked with a wide range of adverse effects. The conventional practice of the use of plant extract may indicate an important and new approach to the anxiolytic agent. Seeds of V. radiata belonging to the family Fabaceae is commonly employed to treat several diseases. However, no data is available to screen its viable neuropharmacological effect regardless of its famous use. Hence, the objective of the present study was to isolate the anxiolytic bioactive compound from seeds of V. radiata. Pure bioactive Compounds SU1 and SU2 were obtained from bioactive fraction F9.3 and fraction F9.5 using the bioactivity-guided fractionation method. The current investigation found that 4 mg/kg (o.p.) of kaempferol and γ-aminobutyric acid exhibit significant anxiolytic action in mice that is statistically comparable to diazepam (2 mg/kg.i.p). This study validates the ethnopharmacological use of V. radiata seeds in the management of anxiety disorders.
Collaborative filtering to capture AI user's preferences as norms
Creators: name: Serramia, Marc
name: Criado, Natalia
name: Luck, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Customising AI technologies to each user's preferences is fundamental to them functioning well. Unfortunately, current methods require too much user involvement and fail to capture their true preferences. In fact, to avoid the nuisance of manually setting preferences, users usually accept the default settings even if these do not conform to their true preferences. Norms can be useful to regulate behaviour and ensure it adheres to user preferences but, while the literature has thoroughly studied norms, most proposals take a formal perspective. Indeed, while there has been some research on constructing norms to capture a user's privacy preferences, these methods rely on domain knowledge which, in the case of AI technologies, is difficult to obtain and maintain. We argue that a new perspective is required when constructing norms, which is to exploit the large amount of preference information readily available from whole systems of users. Inspired by recommender systems, we believe that collaborative filtering can offer a suitable approach to identifying a user's norm preferences without excessive user involvement.
description: Accepted manuscript at the 24th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems (PRIMA 2022)
Personalization of Stress Mobile Sensing using Self-Supervised Learning
Creators: name: Islam, Tanvir
name: Washington, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stress is widely recognized as a major contributor to a variety of health issues. Stress prediction using biosignal data recorded by wearables is a key area of study in mobile sensing research because real-time stress prediction can enable digital interventions to immediately react at the onset of stress, helping to avoid many psychological and physiological symptoms such as heart rhythm irregularities. Electrodermal activity (EDA) is often used to measure stress. However, major challenges with the prediction of stress using machine learning include the subjectivity and sparseness of the labels, a large feature space, relatively few labels, and a complex nonlinear and subjective relationship between the features and outcomes. To tackle these issues, we examine the use of model personalization: training a separate stress prediction model for each user. To allow the neural network to learn the temporal dynamics of each individual's baseline biosignal patterns, thus enabling personalization with very few labels, we pre-train a 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) using self-supervised learning (SSL). We evaluate our method using the Wearable Stress and Affect prediction (WESAD) dataset. We fine-tune the pre-trained networks to the stress prediction task and compare against equivalent models without any self-supervised pre-training. We discover that embeddings learned using our pre-training method outperform supervised baselines with significantly fewer labeled data points: the models trained with SSL require less than 30% of the labels to reach equivalent performance without personalized SSL. This personalized learning method can enable precision health systems which are tailored to each subject and require few annotations by the end user, thus allowing for the mobile sensing of increasingly complex, heterogeneous, and subjective outcomes such as stress.
Phenomenological Comparison of Models with Extended Higgs Sectors
Creators: name: Muhlleitner, M.
name: Sampaio, M.
name: Santos, R.
name: Wittbrodt, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beyond the Standard Model (SM) extensions usually include extended Higgs sectors. Models with singlet or doublet fields are the simplest ones that are compatible with the $ρ$ parameter constraint. The discovery of new non-SM Higgs bosons and the identification of the underlying model requires dedicated Higgs properties analyses. In this paper, we compare several Higgs sectors featuring 3 CP-even neutral Higgs bosons that are also motivated by their simplicity and their capability to solve some of the flaws of the SM. They are: the SM extended by a complex singlet field (CxSM), the singlet extension of the 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (N2HDM), and the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric SM extension (NMSSM). In addition, we analyse the CP-violating 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (C2HDM), which provides 3 neutral Higgs bosons with a pseudoscalar admixture. This allows us to compare the effects of singlet and pseudoscalar admixtures. Through dedicated scans of the allowed parameter space of the models, we analyse the phenomenologically viable scenarios from the view point of the SM-like Higgs boson and of the signal rates of the non-SM-like Higgs bosons to be found. In particular, we analyse the effect of singlet/pseudoscalar admixture, and the potential to differentiate these models in the near future. This is supported by a study of couplings sums of the Higgs bosons to massive gauge bosons and to fermions, where we identify features that allow us to distinguish the models, in particular when only part of the Higgs spectrum is discovered. Our results can be taken as guidelines for future LHC data analyses, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, to identify specific benchmark points aimed at revealing the underlying model.
description: Matches journal version; figures for NMSSM changed; conclusions unchanged
title: Educating Perioperative Nurses on Preventing Hypothermia in Surgical Patients
Creators: name: Geisler, Bethany
Publisher: name: Digital Commons@Becker, Barnes Jewish College Goldfarb School of Nursing
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3
subject: FOS: Medical and health sciences

description: Abstract
Perioperative hypothermia (PH) is a preventable complication of surgical procedures that has been linked to postoperative conditions such as coagulopathies, increased cardiac morbidity, surgical site infection, increased incidence of pressure ulcers, increased length of hospital stay, and increased financial expense. Anesthetic agents given to patients during surgery directly contribute to PH and associated complications.
Background: Perioperative is a time frame involving the three stages of surgery (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative). Hypothermia is defined as body core temperature below 36 degrees Celsius.  The incidence of PH ranges from 11% to 90% depending on the anesthesia administered, type of surgery, length of surgery, age, gender, and body mass index.
Purpose: Investigate the effectiveness of prewarming surgical patients and increase compliance of a normothermia pilot project via education.
Methods: Pre-education and post-education quantitative data was collected and evaluated for effectiveness of the intervention.
Implementation Plan/Procedure: Education was given to the perioperative nursing staff explaining the benefits of prewarming surgical patients to prevent PH. Surgical patients received a ten to thirty minutes of forced air warming prior to the initiation of general anesthesia.
Implications/Conclusion: Based on the review of literature indicating the high incidence of PH and the associated complications associated with PH, it is concluded that prewarming via active forced air warming should be investigated to decrease PH.
Results: The results of the project did not demonstrate a statistical difference in PH after the educational intervention.
SMILE: Evaluation and Domain Adaptation for Social Media Language Understanding
Creators: name: Bashlovkina, Vasilisa
name: Matthews, Riley
name: Kuang, Zhaobin
name: Baumgartner, Simon
name: Bendersky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the ability of transformer-based language models (LMs) to understand social media language. Social media (SM) language is distinct from standard written language, yet existing benchmarks fall short of capturing LM performance in this socially, economically, and politically important domain. We quantify the degree to which social media language differs from conventional language and conclude that the difference is significant both in terms of token distribution and rate of linguistic shift. Next, we introduce a new benchmark for Social MedIa Language Evaluation (SMILE) that covers four SM platforms and eleven tasks. Finally, we show that learning a tokenizer and pretraining on a mix of social media and conventional language yields an LM that outperforms the best similar-sized alternative by 4.2 points on the overall SMILE score.
CanCal: Towards Real-time and Lightweight Ransomware Detection and Response in Industrial Environments
Creators: name: Wang, Shenao
name: Dong, Feng
name: Yang, Hangfeng
name: Xu, Jingheng
name: Wang, Haoyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ransomware attacks have emerged as one of the most significant cybersecurity threats. Despite numerous proposed detection and defense methods, existing approaches face two fundamental limitations in large-scale industrial applications: intolerable system overheads and notorious alert fatigue. To address these challenges, we propose CanCal, a real-time and lightweight ransomware detection system. Specifically, CanCal selectively filters suspicious processes by the monitoring layers and then performs in-depth behavioral analysis to isolate ransomware activities from benign operations, minimizing alert fatigue while ensuring lightweight computational and storage overhead. The experimental results on a large-scale industrial environment~(1,761 ransomware, ~3 million events, continuous test over 5 months) indicate that CanCal is as effective as state-of-the-art techniques while enabling rapid inference within 30ms and real-time response within a maximum of 3 seconds. CanCal dramatically reduces average CPU utilization by 91.04% (from 6.7% to 0.6%) and peak CPU utilization by 76.69% (from 26.6% to 6.2%), while avoiding 76.50% (from 3,192 to 750) of the inspection efforts from security analysts. By the time of this writing, CanCal has been integrated into a commercial product and successfully deployed on 3.32 million endpoints for over a year. From March 2023 to April 2024, CanCal successfully detected and thwarted 61 ransomware attacks, demonstrating the effectiveness of CanCal in combating sophisticated ransomware threats in real-world scenarios.
description: To appear in the 2024 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS'24), October 14--18, 2024, Salt Lake City
Improvements in the $GW$ and Bethe-Salpeter-equation calculations on phosphorene
Creators: name: Ferreira, Fábio
name: Ribeiro, Ricardo Mendes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phosphorene is a bidimensional material that has properties useful for semiconductor devices. In this work we studied the electronic and optical properties of this material using the $GW$ approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) methods. We stress the importance of a careful convergence study of the most relevant parameters, and we show how they affect the result of the calculations. A comparison with previous results is given. The QP band gap obtained was 2.06 eV and it is in good agreement with experimental results. BSE calculations were performed on top of $G_0W_0$ to include excitonic effects. The absorption spectrum was analysed and an optical gap of 1.22 eV was obtained. The calculated excitonic binding energy is 0.84 eV, also in good agreement with experimental results.
Navigability of Random Geometric Graphs in the Universe and Other Spacetimes
Creators: name: Cunningham, William
name: Zuev, Konstantin
name: Krioukov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random geometric graphs in hyperbolic spaces explain many common structural and dynamical properties of real networks, yet they fail to predict the correct values of the exponents of power-law degree distributions observed in real networks. In that respect, random geometric graphs in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes, such as the Lorentzian spacetime of our accelerating universe, are more attractive as their predictions are more consistent with observations in real networks. Yet another important property of hyperbolic graphs is their navigability, and it remains unclear if de Sitter graphs are as navigable as hyperbolic ones. Here we study the navigability of random geometric graphs in three Lorentzian manifolds corresponding to universes filled only with dark energy (de Sitter spacetime), only with matter, and with a mixture of dark energy and matter as in our universe. We find that these graphs are navigable only in the manifolds with dark energy. This result implies that, in terms of navigability, random geometric graphs in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes are as good as random hyperbolic graphs. It also establishes a connection between the presence of dark energy and navigability of the discretized causal structure of spacetime, which provides a basis for a different approach to the dark energy problem in cosmology.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Spellburst: A Node-based Interface for Exploratory Creative Coding with Natural Language Prompts
Creators: name: Angert, Tyler
name: Suzara, Miroslav Ivan
name: Han, Jenny
name: Pondoc, Christopher Lawrence
name: Subramonyam, Hariharan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Creative coding tasks are often exploratory in nature. When producing digital artwork, artists usually begin with a high-level semantic construct such as a "stained glass filter" and programmatically implement it by varying code parameters such as shape, color, lines, and opacity to produce visually appealing results. Based on interviews with artists, it can be effortful to translate semantic constructs to program syntax, and current programming tools don't lend well to rapid creative exploration. To address these challenges, we introduce Spellburst, a large language model (LLM) powered creative-coding environment. Spellburst provides (1) a node-based interface that allows artists to create generative art and explore variations through branching and merging operations, (2) expressive prompt-based interactions to engage in semantic programming, and (3) dynamic prompt-driven interfaces and direct code editing to seamlessly switch between semantic and syntactic exploration. Our evaluation with artists demonstrates Spellburst's potential to enhance creative coding practices and inform the design of computational creativity tools that bridge semantic and syntactic spaces.
Pair Production of the Open Superstrings from the Parallel-dressed D3-branes in the Compact Spacetime
Creators: name: Barghi-Janyar, Niloufar
name: Kamani, Davoud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ the boundary state formalism to compute the pair creation rate of the open superstrings from the interaction of two parallel D3-branes. The branes live in the partially compact spacetime. In addition, they have been dressed with the internal gauge potentials and the Kalb-Ramond field.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX2e, no figure
Plane-parallel waves as duals of the flat background II: T-duality with spectators
Creators: name: Petrasek, Filip
name: Hlavaty, Ladislav
name: Petr, Ivo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83D99, 53Z05

description: We give the classification of T-duals of the flat background in four dimensions with respect to one-, two-, and three-dimensional subgroups of the Poincaré group using non-Abelian T-duality with spectators. As duals we find backgrounds for sigma models in the form of plane-parallel waves or diagonalizable curved metrics often with torsion. Among others, we find exactly solvable time-dependent isotropic pp-wave, singular pp-waves, or generalized plane wave (K-model).
description: 34 pages
New moduli components of rank 2 bundles on projective space
Creators: name: Almeida, Charles
name: Jardim, Marcos
name: Tikhomirov, Alexander
name: Tikhomirov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20, 14J60

description: We present a new family of monads whose cohomology is a stable rank two vector bundle on $\mathbb{P}^3$. We also study the irreducibility and smoothness together with a geometrical description of some of these families. These facts are used to construct a new infinite series of rational moduli components of stable rank two vector bundles with trivial determinant and growing second Chern class. We also prove that the moduli space of stable rank two vector bundles with trivial determinant and second Chern class equal to 5 has exactly three irreducible rational components.
description: 33 pages. Article has been completely reformulated, though the main results remain unchanged. This submission supersedes arXiv:1611.02331
Magnetic field induced strong valley polarization in the three dimensional topological semimetal LaBi
Creators: name: Kumar, Nitesh
name: Shekhar, Chandra
name: Klotz, J.
name: Wosnitza, J.
name: Felser, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LaBi is a three-dimensional rocksalt-type material with a surprisingly quasi-two-dimensional electronic structure. It exhibits excellent electronic properties such as the existence of nontrivial Dirac cones, extremely large magnetoresistance, and high charge-carrier mobility. The cigar-shaped electron valleys make the charge transport highly anisotropic when the magnetic field is varied from one crystallographic axis to another. We show that the electrons can be polarized effectively in these electron valleys under a rotating magnetic field. We achieved a polarization of 60% at 2 K despite the coexistence of three-dimensional hole pockets. The valley polarization in LaBi is compared to the sister compound LaSb where it is found to be smaller. The performance of LaBi is comparable to the highly efficient bismuth.
description: 5 figures
Quadratic Thurston maps with few postcritical points
Creators: name: Kelsey, Gregory
name: Lodge, Russell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F20

description: We use the theory of self-similar groups to enumerate all combinatorial classes of non-exceptional quadratic Thurston maps with fewer than five postcritical points. The enumeration relies on our computation that the corresponding maps on moduli space can be realized by quadratic rational maps with fewer than four postcritical points.
When Feedback Fails: The Scaling and Saturation of Star Formation Efficiency
Creators: name: Grudić, Michael Y.
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Murray, Norman
name: Kereš, Dušan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a suite of 3D multi-physics MHD simulations following star formation in isolated turbulent molecular gas disks ranging from 5 to 500 parsecs in radius. These simulations are designed to survey the range of surface densities between those typical of Milky Way GMCs ($\sim 10^2 M_\odot\,pc^{-2}}$) and extreme ULIRG environments ($\sim 10^2 M_\odot\,pc^{-2}}$) so as to map out the scaling of the cloud-scale star formation efficiency (SFE) between these two regimes. The simulations include prescriptions for supernova, stellar wind, and radiative feedback, which we find to be essential in determining both the instantaneous per-freefall ($ε_{ff}$) and integrated ($ε_{int}$) star formation efficiencies. In all simulations, the gas disks form stars until a critical stellar surface density has been reached and the remaining gas is blown out by stellar feedback. We find that surface density is a good predictor of $ε_{int}$, as suggested by analytic force balance arguments from previous works. SFE eventually saturates to $\sim 1$ at high surface density. We also find a proportional relationship between $ε_{ff}$ and $ε_{int}$, implying that star formation is feedback-moderated even over very short time-scales in isolated clouds. These results have implications for star formation in galactic disks, the nature and fate of nuclear starbursts, and the formation of bound star clusters. The scaling of $ε_{ff}$ with surface density is not consistent with the notion that $ε_{ff}$ is always $\sim 1\%$ on the scale of GMCs, but our predictions recover the $\sim 1\%$ value for GMC parameters similar to those found in sprial galaxies, including our own.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
Quarks: A Secure and Decentralized Blockchain-Based Messaging Network
Creators: name: Shuhan, Mirza Kamrul Bashar
name: Islam, Tariqul
name: Shuvo, Enam Ahmed
name: Bappy, Faisal Haque
name: Hasan, Kamrul
name: Caicedo, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In last two decades, messaging systems have gained widespread popularity both in the enterprise and consumer sectors. Many of these systems used secure protocols like end-to-end encryption to ensure strong security in one-to-one communication. However, the majority of them rely on centralized servers, which allows them to use their users' personal data. Also, it allows the government to track and regulate their citizens' activities, which poses significant threats to "digital freedom". Also, these systems have failed to achieve security attributes like confidentiality, integrity, and privacy for group communications. In this paper, we present a novel blockchain-based secure messaging system named Quarks that overcomes the security pitfalls of the existing systems and eliminates centralized control. We have analyzed our architecture with security models to demonstrate the system's reliability and usability. We have developed a Proof of Concept (PoC) of the Quarks system leveraging Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and conducted load testing on that. We noticed that our PoC system achieves all the desired attributes that are prevalent in a traditional centralized messaging scheme despite the limited capacity of the development and testing environment. Therefore, this assures us of the applicability of such systems in the near future if scaled up properly.
Variational optimization algorithms for uniform matrix product states
Creators: name: Zauner-Stauber, V.
name: Vanderstraeten, L.
name: Fishman, M. T.
name: Verstraete, F.
name: Haegeman, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) with Matrix Product State tangent space concepts to construct a variational algorithm for finding ground states of one dimensional quantum lattices in the thermodynamic limit. A careful comparison of this variational uniform Matrix Product State algorithm (VUMPS) with infinite Density Matrix Renormalization Group (IDMRG) and with infinite Time Evolving Block Decimation (ITEBD) reveals substantial gains in convergence speed and precision. We also demonstrate that VUMPS works very efficiently for Hamiltonians with long range interactions and also for the simulation of two dimensional models on infinite cylinders. The new algorithm can be conveniently implemented as an extension of an already existing DMRG implementation.
description: 20 pages + 12 pages appendix, V. Zauner-Stauber previously also published under the name V. Zauner
Efficient option pricing with unary-based photonic computing chip and generative adversarial learning
Creators: name: Zhang, Hui
name: Wan, Lingxiao
name: Ramos-Calderer, Sergi
name: Zhan, Yuancheng
name: Mok, Wai-Keong
name: Cai, Hong
name: Gao, Feng
name: Luo, Xianshu
name: Lo, Guo-Qiang
name: Kwek, Leong Chuan
name: Latorre, José Ignacio
name: Liu, Ai Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In the modern financial industry system, the structure of products has become more and more complex, and the bottleneck constraint of classical computing power has already restricted the development of the financial industry. Here, we present a photonic chip that implements the unary approach to European option pricing, in combination with the quantum amplitude estimation algorithm, to achieve a quadratic speedup compared to classical Monte Carlo methods. The circuit consists of three modules: a module loading the distribution of asset prices, a module computing the expected payoff, and a module performing the quantum amplitude estimation algorithm to introduce speed-ups. In the distribution module, a generative adversarial network is embedded for efficient learning and loading of asset distributions, which precisely capture the market trends. This work is a step forward in the development of specialized photonic processors for applications in finance, with the potential to improve the efficiency and quality of financial services.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Giant Interatomic Energy-Transport Amplification with Nonreciprocal Photonic Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Doyeux, Pierre
name: Gangaraj, S. Ali Hassani
name: Hanson, George W.
name: Antezza, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the energy-transport efficiency in a chain of two-level emitters can be drastically enhanced by the presence of a photonic topological insulator (PTI). This is obtained by exploiting the peculiar properties of its nonreciprocal surface plasmon polariton (SPP), which is unidirectional, and immune to backscattering, and propagates in the bulk band gap. This amplification of transport efficiency can be as much as 2 orders of magnitude with respect to reciprocal SPPs. Moreover, we demonstrate that despite the presence of considerable imperfections at the interface of the PTI, the efficiency of the SPP-assisted energy transport is almost unaffected by discontinuities. We also show that the SPP properties allow energy transport over considerably much larger distances than in the reciprocal case, and we point out a particularly simple way to tune the transport. Finally, we analyze the specific case of a two-emitter chain and unveil the origin of the efficiency amplification. The efficiency amplification and the practical advantages highlighted in this work might be particularly useful in the development of new devices intended to manage energy at the atomic scale.