cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The six most essential questions in psychiatric diagnosis: a pluralogue part 1: conceptual and definitional issues in psychiatric diagnosis
Creators: name: Whooley, Owen
name: Zachar, Peter
name: Paris, Joel
name: Pierre, Joseph M.
name: Pies, Ronald W.
name: Pincus, Harold A.
name: Porter, Douglas
name: Pouncey, Claire
name: Schwartz, Michael A.
name: Szasz, Thomas
name: Wakefield, Jerome C.
name: Waterman, G. Scott
name: Ghaemi, Nassir
name: Greenberg, Gary
name: Hinderliter, Andrew C.
name: Kinghorn, Warren A.
name: LoBello, Steven G.
name: Mishara, Aaron L.
name: Martin, Elliott B.
name: Phillips, James
name: Frances, Allen
name: Cerullo, Michael A.
name: Chardavoyne, John
name: Decker, Hannah S.
name: First, Michael Bruce
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Psychiatry

description: In face of the multiple controversies surrounding the DSM process in general and the development of DSM-5 in particular, we have organized a discussion around what we consider six essential questions in further work on the DSM. The six questions involve: 1) the nature of a mental disorder; 2) the definition of mental disorder; 3) the issue of whether, in the current state of psychiatric science, DSM-5 should assume a cautious, conservative posture or an assertive, transformative posture; 4) the role of pragmatic considerations in the construction of DSM-5; 5) the issue of utility of the DSM - whether DSM-III and IV have been designed more for clinicians or researchers, and how this conflict should be dealt with in the new manual; and 6) the possibility and advisability, given all the problems with DSM-III and IV, of designing a different diagnostic system. Part I of this article will take up the first two questions. With the first question, invited commentators express a range of opinion regarding the nature of psychiatric disorders, loosely divided into a realist position that the diagnostic categories represent real diseases that we can accurately name and know with our perceptual abilities, a middle, nominalist position that psychiatric disorders do exist in the real world but that our diagnostic categories are constructs that may or may not accurately represent the disorders out there, and finally a purely constructivist position that the diagnostic categories are simply constructs with no evidence of psychiatric disorders in the real world. The second question again offers a range of opinion as to how we should define a mental or psychiatric disorder, including the possibility that we should not try to formulate a definition. The general introduction, as well as the introductions and conclusions for the specific questions, are written by James Phillips, and the responses to commentaries are written by Allen Frances.
Detection of a single fundamental charge with nanoscale resolution in ambient conditions using the NV$^-$ center in diamond
Creators: name: Dolde, Florian
name: Doherty, Marcus W.
name: Michl, Julia
name: Jakobi, Ingmar
name: Naydenov, Boris
name: Pezzagna, Sebastien
name: Meijer, Jan
name: Neumann, Philipp
name: Jelezko, Fedor
name: Manson, Neil B.
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single charge detection with nanoscale spatial resolution in ambient conditions is a current frontier in metrology that has diverse interdisciplinary applications. Here, such single charge detection is demonstrated using two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. One NV center is employed as a sensitive electrometer to detect the change in electric field created by the displacement of a single electron resulting from the optical switching of the other NV center between its neutral (NV$^0$) and negative (NV$^-$) charge states. As a consequence, our measurements also provide direct insight into the charge dynamics inside the material.
The Rhythm of Text and Music in Ottocento Melody: An Empirical Reassessment in Light of Contemporary Treatises
Creators: name: Balthazar, Scott L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Music

description: Two important studies have approached these same issues through empirical examination of the ottocento repertory: Robert Moreen's dissertation on textual and musical form in Verdi's early operas, and Friedrich Lippmann's study of textual and musical rhythm in late-eighteenth and nineteenth-century Italian opera. Moreen and Lippmann viewed rhythmic aspects of the text-music relationship from opposite perspectives. Moreen concentrated on musical metric accent and its relationship to poetic scansion, that is, the placement of poetic accents within measures, without specific regard for note-to-note melodic rhythms. In contrast, Lippmann's narrower, yet more exhaustive study of melodies from Mozart through Verdi attempts to categorize musical rhythmic motives and to attribute their occurrences to characteristics of various poetic meters. Despite this important difference, in more than a decade since these studies first appeared-perhaps because neither was published as a book-no one has seriously reviewed their implications or tried to assess the validity of their theses, to reconcile their diverging approaches, or to compare their conclusions with contemporary formulations. In the following pages, my attempt at such an assessment will lead me to propose a new approach for understanding poetic and musical rhythm in ottocento opera. We will see that the writings of Baini, Asioli, and Ritorni, while sometimes contradictory and often problematic, provide invaluable clarification of ottocento text-setting practices, revealing complexities that we have not previously considered. In doing so, they contribute a necessary contemporary point of reference from which we can evaluate Moreen's and Lippmann's contrasting hypotheses and open new avenues of empirical investigation that enable us to refine present-day views of the text-music relationship.
Concomitant angiosarcoma and lymphoproliferative disorder in solid organ transplant recipients
Creators: name: Baer, Lea
name: Savage, David G.
name: Hibshoosh, Hanina
name: Kalinsky, Kevin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Oncology
Medicine

description: An increased risk of posttransplant malignancy has been consistently reported following various solid organ transplants. The malignancies most commonly encountered are non-melanoma skin cancers, carcinomas of lung or breast and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Angiosarcoma, an uncommon vascular mesenchymal neoplasm, is rare in the posttransplant setting. This report describes two patients who developed high-grade angiosarcoma following a solid organ transplant. Notably, in both patients, the diagnosis of angiosarcoma was preceded by diagnosis of a lymphoproliferative disorder with monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement.
Testing atmospheric mixing sum rules at precision neutrino facilities
Creators: name: Ballett, Peter
name: King, Stephen F.
name: Luhn, Christoph
name: Pascoli, Silvia
name: Schmidt, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the prospects for testing classes of atmospheric mixing sum rules at precision neutrino facilities. Such sum rules, which correlate the atmospheric mixing angle theta23 with the recently measured reactor angle theta13 and the cosine of the oscillation phase delta, are predicted by a variety of semi-direct models based on discrete family symmetry, classified in terms of finite von Dyck groups. We perform a detailed simulation of the performance of the next generation of oscillation experiments, including the wide band superbeam and low-energy neutrino factory proposals, and compare their discriminating power for testing atmospheric mixing sum rules.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Thriving beyond survival: Understanding utilization of perinatal health services as predictors of birth registration: A cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Jackson, Michelle
name: Duff, Putu
name: Kusumanigrum, Santi
name: Stark, Lindsay B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Public health

description: There are an estimated 35 million unregistered children in Indonesia. To understand ways to best leverage existing health system-related resources and ensure greater protective measures for these vulnerable children, this study explores the predictive relationship between the utilization of perinatal health services and birth certificate ownership in two Indonesian provinces. This study employed a cross-sectional design with interviewer-administered household surveys to heads of households in West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara from May to July of 2013. The primary outcome of interest was birth certificate ownership among children under the age of 5 years old. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) considered a set of covariates that represented child and household socio-demographic characteristics along with health services utilization variables during pregnancy and post-pregnancy periods. 389 heads of households were interviewed, yielding data on a sample of 451 children under the age of 5. Fewer than 28% of children in this sample possessed a birth certificate. Nearly 57% (n = 259) of children were delivered in a clinical facility, though only 36% (n = 93) of these were legally registered. Of children born in the home (n = 194), registration dropped to 16% (n = 31). Adjusted analyses accounting for socio-demographic factors suggest that children born in a clinic facility (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.27, 4.33), hospital (AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.12, 5.09), or in the presence of a skilled birth attendant (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.31, 4.23) were significantly more likely to be registered. Children whose mothers sought post-natal care were 2.99 times more likely to possess a birth certificate (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.57). Pre-natal care was not associated with birth registration. These findings suggest that use of perinatal health services increases the likelihood of registering a child’s birth despite a lack of formal integration of vital registration with the health sector. Formally leveraging existing community-based health workers and perinatal services may serve to further increase registration rates in hard to reach areas of Indonesia.
Cost Implications of Participant Product Selection in USDA’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
Creators: name: Saitone, Tina L
name: Li, Xuemei
name: McLaughlin, Patrick W
name: Sexton, Richard J
name: Saitone, Tina L
name: Li, Xuemei
name: McLaughlin, Patrick W
name: Sexton, Richard J
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: WIC
subject: cost-containment

description: Potential cost savings from requiring selection of least expensive brands of WIC-approved food items.
Impact of USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on Rural and Urban Economies in the Aftermath of the Great Recession
Creators: name: Vogel, Stephen
name: Miller, Cristina
name: Ralston, Katherine
name: Vogel, Stephen
name: Miller, Cristina
name: Ralston, Katherine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: social accounting matrix (SAM) multiplier
subject: food-at-home expenditures

description: The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) serves as a safety net for low-income households and an automatic stabilizer during economic downturns. This report addresses the question: during the aftermath of the Great Recession, 2009-14, what were the impacts of the increase in SNAP benefits on employment, output, and household incomes for the rural economy compared to the urban economy?
A generalized Debye source approach to electromagnetic scattering in layered media
Creators: name: O'Neil, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The standard solution to time-harmonic electromagnetic scattering problems in homogeneous layered media relies on the use of the electric field dyadic Green's function. However, for small values of the governing angular frequency $ω$, evaluation of the electric field using this Green's function exhibits numerical instability. In this short note, we provide an alternative approach which is immune from this low-frequency breakdown as $ω\to 0$. Our approach is based on the generalized Debye source representation of Maxwell fields. Using this formulation, the electric and magnetic fields gracefully decouple in the static limit, a behavior similar to that of the classical Lorenz-Debye-Mie representation of Maxwell fields in spherical geometries. We derive extensions of both the generalized Deybe source and Lorenz-Debye-Mie representations to planar geometries, as well as provide equations for the solution of scattering from a perfectly conducting half-space and in layered media using a Sommerfeld-like approach. These formulas are stable as $ω$ tends to zero, and offer alternatives to the electric field dyadic Green's function.
Household Food Security in the United States in 2020
Creators: name: Coleman-Jensen, Alisha
name: Rabbitt, Matthew P
name: Gregory, Christian A
name: Singh, Anita
name: Coleman-Jensen, Alisha
name: Rabbitt, Matthew P
name: Gregory, Christian A
name: Singh, Anita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food spending
subject: food pantry

description: Most U.S. households have consistent, dependable access to enough food for active, healthy living—they are food secure. However, some households experience food insecurity at times during the year, meaning their access to adequate food is limited by a lack of money and other resources. USDA’s food and nutrition assistance programs aim to increase food security by providing low-income households access to food for a healthful diet, as well as nutrition education. USDA monitors the extent and severity of food insecurity in U.S. households through an annual, nationally representative survey sponsored and analyzed by USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS). This report presents statistics from the survey that cover household food security, food expenditures, and use of Federal nutrition assistance programs in 2020.
Large-scale experimental studies show unexpected amino acid effects on protein expression and solubility in vivo in E. coli
Creators: name: Hunt, John F.
name: Tong, Saichiu
name: Bracic, Ana
name: Luff, Jon
name: Naumov, Victor
name: Acton, Thomas
name: Manor, Philip
name: Xiao, Rong
name: Rost, Burkhard
name: Montelione, Gaetano
name: Everett, John
name: Price, W. Nicholson
name: Handelman, Samuel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Molecular biology
Biochemistry

description: The biochemical and physical factors controlling protein expression level and solubility in vivo remain incompletely characterized. To gain insight into the primary sequence features influencing these outcomes, we performed statistical analyses of results from the high-throughput protein-production pipeline of the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium. Proteins expressed in E. coli and consistently purified were scored independently for expression and solubility levels. These parameters nonetheless show a very strong positive correlation. We used logistic regressions to determine whether they are systematically influenced by fractional amino acid composition or several bulk sequence parameters including hydrophobicity, sidechain entropy, electrostatic charge, and predicted backbone disorder. Decreasing hydrophobicity correlates with higher expression and solubility levels, but this correlation apparently derives solely from the beneficial effect of three charged amino acids, at least for bacterial proteins. In fact, the three most hydrophobic residues showed very different correlations with solubility level. Leu showed the strongest negative correlation among amino acids, while Ile showed a slightly positive correlation in most data segments. Several other amino acids also had unexpected effects. Notably, Arg correlated with decreased expression and, most surprisingly, solubility of bacterial proteins, an effect only partially attributable to rare codons. However, rare codons did significantly reduce expression despite use of a codon-enhanced strain. Additional analyses suggest that positively but not negatively charged amino acids may reduce translation efficiency in E. coli irrespective of codon usage. While some observed effects may reflect indirect evolutionary correlations, others may reflect basic physicochemical phenomena. We used these results to construct and validate predictors of expression and solubility levels and overall protein usability, and we propose new strategies to be explored for engineering improved protein expression and solubility.
Design of a Timber Howe Truss Highway Bridge
Creators: name: Fox, Joseph
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1921
Subjects: subject: Civil Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The span of the bridge was assumed as 100 feet. The type of
bridge used is the timber Howe Truss. The height of truss was taken
as 20 feet between center lines of top and bottom chords. The width
was taken as 18 feet center to center of trusses. The truss was
divided up into five panels 20 feet long.

It was designed according to the "General Specifications for
Steel Highway Bridges" by Ketchum. For the live load for the floor
and its supports, a load of 80 pounds per square foot of total
floor surface or a 15 ton traction engine with axles 10 feet centers
and 6 feet gage, two thirds of load to be carried by rear axles.

For the truss a load of 75 pounds per square foot of floor surface.

For the wind load the bottom lateral bracing is to be designed
to resist a lateral wind load of 300 pounds per foot of span; 150
pounds of this to be treated as a moving load.

The top lateral bracing is to be designed to resist a lateral
wind force of 150 pounds per foot of span.

The timber to be used in the bridge is to be Douglas fir.

The unit stresses used for timber are those of the American
Railway Engineering Association.
A rapid evolving region in the Galactic Center: Why S-stars thermalize and more massive stars are missing
Creators: name: Chen, Xian
name: Amaro-Seoane, Pau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of "S-stars" within a distance of 1" from SgrA$^*$ contradicts our understanding of star formation, due to the forbiddingly violent environment. A suggested possibility is that they form far and have been brought in by some fast dynamical process, since they are young. Nonetheless, all conjectured mechanisms either fail to reproduce their eccentricities --without violating their young age-- or cannot explain the problem of "inverse mass segregation": The fact that lighter stars (the S-stars) are closer to SgrA$^*$ and more massive ones, Wolf-Rayet (WR) and O-stars, are farther out. In this Letter we propose that the responsible for both, the distribution of the eccentricities and the paucity of massive stars, is the Kozai-Lidov-{\em like} resonance induced by a sub-parsec disk recently discovered in the Galactic center. Considering that the disk probably extended to smaller radius in the past, we show that in as short as (a few) $10^6$ years, the stars populating the innermost 1" region would redistribute in angular-momentum space and recover the observed "super-thermal" distribution. Meanwhile, WR and O-stars in the same region intermittently attain ample eccentricities that will lead to their tidal disruptions by the central massive black hole. Our results provide new evidences that SgrA$^*$ was powered several millions years ago by an accretion disk as well as by tidal stellar disruptions.
description: 5 pages, two figures, accepted for publication ApJ Letts
Food Taxes and Their Impacts on Food Spending
Creators: name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Stewart, Hayden
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Stewart, Hayden
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: grocery taxes
subject: food expenditure

description: County-level sales tax data are combined with USDA’s National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS) to examine the relationship between taxing groceries, taxing restaurant foods, and U.S. households' food spending patterns. Results are separately provided for SNAP participants, eligible non-participants, and other households.
Dynamics of Desorption with Lateral Diffusion
Creators: name: Juwono, Tjipto
name: Rikvold, Per Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of desorption from a submonolayer of adsorbed atoms or ions are significantly influenced by the absence or presence of lateral diffusion of the adsorbed particles. When diffusion is present, the adsorbate configuration is simultaneously changed by two distinct processes, proceeding in parallel: adsorption/desorption, which changes the total adsorbate coverage, and lateral diffusion, which is coverage conserving. Inspired by experimental results, we here study the effects of these competing processes by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a simple lattice-gas model. In order to untangle the various effects, we perform large-scale simulations, in which we monitor coverage, correlation length, and cluster-size distributions, as well as the behavior of representative individual clusters, during desorption. For each initial adsorbate configuration, we perform multiple, independent simulations, without and with diffusion, respectively. We find that, compared to desorption without diffusion, the coverage-conserving diffusion process produces two competing effects: a retardation of the desorption rate, which is associated with a coarsening of the adsorbate configuration, and an acceleration due to desorption of monomers "evaporated" from the cluster perimeters. The balance between these two effects is governed by the structure of the adsorbate layer at the beginning of the desorption process. Deceleration and coarsening are predominant for configurations dominated by monomers and small clusters, while acceleration is predominant for configurations dominated by large clusters.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Part of Speech Tagging of Marathi Text Using Trigram Method
Creators: name: Singh, Jyoti
name: Joshi, Nisheeth
name: Mathur, Iti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we present a Marathi part of speech tagger. It is a morphologically rich language. It is spoken by the native people of Maharashtra. The general approach used for development of tagger is statistical using trigram Method. The main concept of trigram is to explore the most likely POS for a token based on given information of previous two tags by calculating probabilities to determine which is the best sequence of a tag. In this paper we show the development of the tagger. Moreover we have also shown the evaluation done.
description: International Journal of Advanced Information Technology (IJAIT) Vol. 3, No.2, April2013
Social Influence and the Autism Epidemic
Creators: name: Liu, Ka-Yuet
name: King, Marissa
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social influence
subject: Autism spectrum disorders
subject: Autism in children
subject: Autism in children--Diagnosis

description: Despite a plethora of studies, we do not know why autism incidence has increased rapidly over the past two decades. Using California data, this study shows that children living very close to a child previously diagnosed with autism are more likely to be diagnosed with autism. An underlying social influence mechanism involving information diffusion drives this result, contributing to 16% of the increase in prevalence over 2000–2005. We eliminate competing explanations (i.e., residential sorting, environmental toxicants, and viral transmission) through seven tests and show that information diffusion simultaneously contributed to the increased prevalence, spatial clustering, and decreasing age of diagnosis.
The Anthropic Argument against Infinite Past and the Eddington-Lemaitre Universe
Creators: name: Cirkovic, Milan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study in the philosophy of cosmology is a part of an ongoing effort to investigate and reassess the importance of the anthropic (Davies-Tipler) argument against cosmologies containing the past temporal infinity. Obviously, the prime targets of this argument are cosmological models stationary on sufficiently large scale, the classical steady state model of Bondi, Gold and Hoyle being the best example. Here we investigate the extension of application of this argument to infinitely old non-stationary models and discuss additional constraints necessary to be imposed on such models for the edge of the anthropic argument to be preserved. An illustrative counterexample is the classical Eddington-Lemaitre model, in the analysis of which major such constraints are presented. Consequences of such an approach for our understanding of the nature of time are briefly discussed.
description: 7 pages, no figures
Dynamic in vivo imaging and cell tracking using a histone fluorescent protein fusion in mice
Creators: name: Hadjantonakis, Anna-Katerina
name: Papaioannou, Virginia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Cytology
Biochemistry

description: Advances in optical imaging modalities and the continued evolution of genetically-encoded fluorescent proteins are coming together to facilitate the study of cell behavior at high resolution in living organisms. As a result, imaging using autofluorescent protein reporters is gaining popularity in mouse transgenic and targeted mutagenesis applications. We have used embryonic stem cell-mediated transgenesis to label cells at sub-cellular resolution in vivo, and to evaluate fusion of a human histone protein to green fluorescent protein for ubiquitous fluorescent labeling of nucleosomes in mice. To this end we have generated embryonic stem cells and a corresponding strain of mice that is viable and fertile and exhibits widespread chromatin-localized reporter expression. High levels of transgene expression are maintained in a constitutive manner. Viability and fertility of homozygous transgenic animals demonstrates that this reporter is developmentally neutral and does not interfere with mitosis or meiosis. Using various optical imaging modalities including wide-field, spinning disc confocal, and laser scanning confocal and multiphoton excitation microscopy, we can identify cells in various stages of the cell cycle. We can identify cells in interphase, cells undergoing mitosis or cell death. We demonstrate that this histone fusion reporter allows the direct visualization of active chromatin in situ. Since this reporter segments three-dimensional space, it permits the visualization of individual cells within a population, and so facilitates tracking cell position over time. It is therefore attractive for use in multidimensional studies of in vivo cell behavior and cell fate.
D-JRP22-WP4.3. Proficiency test for the harmonization of detection of Em/Eg in complex samples: Sequencing using RSE and NGS
Creators: name: Berg, Rebecca
name: Øines, Øivind
name: Pikka Jokelainen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Echinococcus
NGS
RSE

description: This proficiency test was conducted as part of the activities of MEmE (Multi-centre study on Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus s.l. in Europe: development and harmonisation of diagnostic methods in the food chain), a Joint Research Project under One Health EJP. The general aim of this proficiency test was to contribute to evaluation of the potential of sequencing methods developed towards Region Specific Extraction (RSE) with long-read sequencing (MEME task WP3-T3) and metabarcoding Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for the detection of Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) and E. granulosus s.l. (Eg) in complex samples, such as faecal samples. The work focused on two aims: Aim 1) to determine whether the platforms were able to detect DNA from Em and Eg parasites and Aim 2) testing DNA extracted from spiked faecal samples.
Qualifikationsarbeiten in der deutschsprachigen katholischen Sozialethik
Creators: name: Billermann, Lukas
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Unter dieser Rubrik werden jährlich laufende und in jüngster Zeit abgeschlossene wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zur katholischen Sozialethik – Habilitationsschriften, Dissertationen sowie besonders qualifizierte Examensarbeiten – angezeigt. Wir geben (je nach den eingesandten Angaben) Autor/in, Titel, Arbeitsbeginn bzw. -ende sowie den Namen der/des Betreuenden der Arbeit an
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
Bericht zum 29. Forum Sozialethik (18. – 20. September 2019)
Creators: name: Leniger, Katharina
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
Infinite Mischief? History and Literature Once Again
Creators: name: Gluck, Carol
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Literature
History
Education, Higher

description: Like many of us, I’d thought the latest series of intellectual jousts between history and literature that began, as did Representations, in the 1980s had ended in a chivalrous exchange of scholarly weapons. Literary scholars highlighted the historical embeddedness of their texts while historians recognized the literary aspects of their narratives. Not all literary scholars and not all historians, true, but enough of them to make common parlance of the useful ‘‘blurring’’ of disciplinary boundaries. With that in mind, I volunteered last year to teach in the new MA program in History and Literature offered by Columbia and two universities in Paris, with the commendable and, I thought, unobjectionable goals of mixing literary and historical methodologies and questioning the shifting ontologies of history and literature themselves.
San Gabriel Valley Sewerage System
Creators: name: Korn, Louis
name: Seaver, Edward Dewey
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1921
Subjects: subject: Civil Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The disposal of sewage is the most important item in public sanitation.  It is the most important present day problem in every city whether large or small.  The direct cause of the majority of epidemics is the contamination of the water supply of the city by the excreta of man or animal.  Public health varies directly as public sanitation, and if the public sanitation be good, the liability of sickness caused by contamination of the water supply is greatly lessened.  When a city outgrows its sewerage system the public health becomes endangered.  There are two causes for the increased amount of sewerage, increase in population and increase in industrial and manufacturing wastes.  The main problem in this connection is the ultimate disposal of the matter which reaches the sewers.
Potential Wheat Demand in China: Applicants for Import Quota
Creators: name: Gale, Fred
name: Gale, Fred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: imports
subject: tariff-rate quota

description: This report examines lists of applicants for wheat tariff-rate quota (TRQ) for the years 2015 to 2021 to characterize the potential demand for imported wheat in China. More than 900 companies in China applied for quota from 2015 to 2021, and 171 applied 7 years in a row.
The Impact of Public Information on Commodity Market Performance: The Response of Corn Futures to USDA Corn Production Forecasts
Creators: name: Arnade, Carlos
name: Hoffman, Linwood
name: Effland, Anne
name: Arnade, Carlos
name: Hoffman, Linwood
name: Effland, Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: corn output
subject: corn futures

description: USDA’s corn-output projections have a significant impact on corn futures. This report shows how the release of USDA’s WASDE report influences daily futures prices.
Understanding Visualization: A Formal Approach using Category Theory and Semiotics
Creators: name: Vickers, Paul
name: Faith, Joe
name: Rossiter, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article combines the vocabulary of semiotics and category theory to provide a formal analysis of visualization. It shows how familiar processes of visualization fit the semiotic frameworks of both Saussure and Peirce, and extends these structures using the tools of category theory to provide a general framework for understanding visualization in practice, including: relationships between systems, data collected from those systems, renderings of those data in the form of representations, the reading of those representations to create visualizations, and the use of those visualizations to create knowledge and understanding of the system under inspection. The resulting framework is validated by demonstrating how familiar information visualization concepts (such as literalness, sensitivity, redundancy, ambiguity, generalizability, and chart junk) arise naturally from it and can be defined formally and precisely. This article generalizes previous work on the formal characterization of visualization by, inter alia, Ziemkiewicz and Kosara and allows us to formally distinguish properties of the visualization process that previous work does not.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Trends in Production Practices and Costs of the U.S. Corn Sector
Creators: name: Saavoss, Monica
name: Capehart, Thomas
name: McBride, William D
name: Effland, Anne
name: Saavoss, Monica
name: Capehart, Thomas
name: McBride, William D
name: Effland, Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: agricultural production costs
subject: agricultural production practices

description: Corn for grain is a major field crop in the United States, with wide-ranging uses including animal feed, ethanol, food, beverages, industrial products, and exports. This report describes the technological and structural changes in U.S. corn production over 1996-2018, and describes how these changes have affected farm expenditures, net returns, productivity, yields, and production costs.
The Extracting of Germanium from Crude Oxide
Creators: name: Clarke, Philip Seymour
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1921
Subjects: Chemistry

description: Since the discovery of germanium in certain American zinc ores, notably that of Joplin, Mo., several procedures have been suggested for the extraction of the germanium.  These procedures, however, were simple distillations of the zinc ore with hydrochloric acid carried out in the laboratory on a small scale.  The cost of the materials and the character of the reagents required obviously would cause such procedures to be impracticable on a large scale.

In the present investigation, the reactions of germanium compounds and the actions of different reagents on the sample were observed with the view toward developing a method of extraction that would be applicable on and industrial scale.  For this purpose, a ten-pound sample of germanium-bearing zinc oxide was furnished by the New Jersey Zinc Co. with the accompanying information that germanium was present in the sample to the extent of 0.25% GeO2.
The Turn from the Aesthetic
Creators: name: Galand, Joel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Music

description: The aesthetic can lead to revelations concerning that about which we care deeply. Revelation arises in rifts, such as that faced when we encounter others. It is tempting to dismiss Enlightenment aesthetics on the grounds that it entails a false universalization of subjective experience that verges on an ethics of mastery and possession. But such mastery would involve treating the other as a thing, a tool, a means rather than an end. Without saving some space for the relative autonomy of aesthetic experience, not only might we lose the critical function of art, but Tomlinson's sublime vision of a commitment to "a thousand different musics"-and to their makers-will have given up its role as a regulative demand and become an empty utopia. I argue in part one of this essay that the postmodernist distrust of the aesthetic needs to be tempered by a recovery of what was originally at stake in the positing of such an autonomous sphere. A second, related issue, to be explored in part two, concerns Tomlinson's description of how we encounter others. I question his account of incommensurability between the conceptual schemes that interlocutors bring into such encounters.
Christian Social Ethics and Social-Ethical Thinking in Hungary
Creators: name: Kovács, Gusztáv
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Catholic Social Ethics is the discipline within theology, which is probably the most sensitive to the local setting. Today Christian social ethics (CSE) in Hungary is characterized by a certain ambiguity: it is the only theological discipline that is able to enter into dialogue with other academic disciplines, but it is also in need of further “professionalization”. Theological-ethical reflection on social questions has a long tradition in Hungary. CSE has made reasonable progress in the years after the fall of communism in Hungary establishing itself as a discipline recognized both within and beyond the realm of theology. However, CSE in Hungary still needs to develop in three areas: to find its distinctive place among academic disciplines; to integrate the unique characteristics of Hungarian society into its theories; and to make itself more transparent and accessible to decision-makers.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
Implicit solvation model for density-functional study of nanocrystal surfaces and reaction pathways
Creators: name: Mathew, Kiran
name: Sundararaman, Ravishankar
name: Letchworth-Weaver, Kendra
name: Arias, T. A.
name: Hennig, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-liquid interfaces are at the heart of many modern-day technologies and provide a challenge to many materials simulation methods. A realistic first-principles computational study of such systems entails the inclusion of solvent effects. In this work we implement an implicit solvation model that has a firm theoretical foundation into the widely used density-functional code VASP. The implicit solvation model follows the framework of joint density functional theory. We describe the framework, our algorithm and implementation, and benchmarks for small molecular systems. We apply the solvation model to study the surface energies of different facets of semiconducting and metallic nanocrystals and the S$_{\text{N}} 2$ reaction pathway. We find that solvation reduces the surface energies of the nanocrystals, especially for the semiconducting ones and increases the energy barrier of the S$_{\text{N}} 2$ reaction.
The role of TGFBI in mesothelioma and breast cancer: association with tumor suppression
Creators: name: Li, Bingyan
name: Wen, Gengyun
name: Zhao, Yongliang
name: Tong, Jian
name: Hei, Tom K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Oncology
Cytology
Breast--Cancer
Mesothelioma

description: Transforming growth factor β induced (TGFBI) product, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, has been implicated as a putative tumor suppressor in recent studies. Our previous findings revealed that expression of TGFBI gene is down-regulated in a variety of cancer cell lines and clinical tissue samples. In this study, ectopic expression of TGFBI was used to ascertain its role as a tumor suppressor and to determine the underlying mechanism of mesothelioma and breast cancer. Cells were stably transfected with pRc/CMV2-TGFBI and pRc/CMV2-empty vector with Lipofectamine Plus. Ectopic expression of TGFBI was quantified by using quantitative PCR and Western-blotting. Characterization of cell viability was assessed using growth curve, clonogenic survival and soft agar growth. The potential of tumor formation was evaluated by an in vivo mouse model. Cell cycle was analyzed via flow cytometry. Expressions of p21, p53, p16 and p14 were examined using Western-blotting. Senescent cells were sorted by using a Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit. Telomerase activity was measured using quantitative telomerase detection kit. In this study, an ectopic expression of TGFBI in two types of cancer cell lines, a mesothelioma cell line NCI-H28 and a breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was found to have reduced the cellular growth, plating efficiency, and anchorage-independent growth. The tumorigenicity of these cancer cell lines as determined by subcutaneous inoculation in nude mice was similarly suppressed by TGFBI expression. Likewise, TGFBI expression reduced the proportion of S-phase while increased the proportion of G1 phase in these cells. The redistribution of cell cycle phase after re-expression of TGFBI was correspondent with transiently elevated expression of p21 and p53. The activities of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and telomerase were enhanced in TGFBI-transfected cells. Collectively, these results imply that TGFBI plays a suppressive role in the development of mesothelioma and breast cancer cells, possibly through inhibitions of cell proliferation, delaying of G1-S phase transition, and induction of senescence.
[Sammelband von 14 Drucken mit historischen Dichtungen der Frühen Neuzeit]; [1520-1782]
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: Entstehungsort: Nürnberg, Basel, Augsburg u.a. - Entstehungszeit: 1520-1782
Capacities and Capacity-Achieving Decoders for Various Fingerprinting Games
Creators: name: Laarhoven, Thijs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Combining an information-theoretic approach to fingerprinting with a more constructive, statistical approach, we derive new results on the fingerprinting capacities for various informed settings, as well as new log-likelihood decoders with provable code lengths that asymptotically match these capacities. The simple decoder built against the interleaving attack is further shown to achieve the simple capacity for unknown attacks, and is argued to be an improved version of the recently proposed decoder of Oosterwijk et al. With this new universal decoder, cut-offs on the bias distribution function can finally be dismissed. Besides the application of these results to fingerprinting, a direct consequence of our results to group testing is that (i) a simple decoder asymptotically requires a factor 1.44 more tests to find defectives than a joint decoder, and (ii) the simple decoder presented in this paper provably achieves this bound.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Zwischen Solidarität und Paternalismus
Creators: name: Wittenbrink, Edith
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Die Kirchen sind mit ihrer migrationsfreundlichen Haltung von rassistischen und fremdenfeindlichen Stimmungen in der deutschen Gesellschaft herausgefordert. Neben der klaren Abgrenzung von solchen Positionen ist für sie die Frage nach Gründen für deren Auftreten relevant. Auf diese reagieren postkoloniale Theoretiker*innen mit dem Verweis auf Denkmuster kolonialen Ursprungs, die in der Aktualität weiterwirken. Dieser Zusammenhang von Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Kolonialismus wird plausibilisiert, indem postkoloniale Konzepte im Hinblick auf den Umgang mit Migration in Deutschland rezipiert werden. Es wird deutlich, wie die fehlende Auseinandersetzung mit den Folgen der Kolonialzeit die Einstellungen gegenüber Menschen aus ehemaligen Kolonialgebieten nach wie vor beeinflusst. Daran anschließend zeigt die exemplarische Untersuchung von zwei Dokumenten der DBK zu Migration aus einer postkolonialen Perspektive, inwiefern auch kirchliches Sprechen Zusammenhänge kolonialen Ursprungs ausblendet und entsprechende Haltungen reproduziert. Daher werden abschließend mögliche Folgerungen dargestellt, die sich aus dieser Analyse für kirchliches Sprechen ergeben können, um sich noch deutlicher gegen Fremdenfeindlichkeit zu positionieren.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
Rule Based Transliteration Scheme for English to Punjabi
Creators: name: Bhalla, Deepti
name: Joshi, Nisheeth
name: Mathur, Iti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine Transliteration has come out to be an emerging and a very important research area in the field of machine translation. Transliteration basically aims to preserve the phonological structure of words. Proper transliteration of name entities plays a very significant role in improving the quality of machine translation. In this paper we are doing machine transliteration for English-Punjabi language pair using rule based approach. We have constructed some rules for syllabification. Syllabification is the process to extract or separate the syllable from the words. In this we are calculating the probabilities for name entities (Proper names and location). For those words which do not come under the category of name entities, separate probabilities are being calculated by using relative frequency through a statistical machine translation toolkit known as MOSES. Using these probabilities we are transliterating our input text from English to Punjabi.
description: International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC) Vol. 2, No.2, April 2013
On the Maximal Quantity of Processed Information in the Physical Eschatological Context
Creators: name: Cirkovic, Milan M.
name: Radujkov, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An estimate of the maximal informational content available to advanced extraterrestrial or future (post)human civilizations is presented. It is shown that the fundamental thermodynamical considerations may lead to a quantitative estimate of the largest quantity of information to be processed by conceivable computing devices. This issue is interesting from the point of view of physical eschatology, as well as general futurological topics, like the degree of confidence in long-term physical predictions or viability of the large-scale simulations of complex systems.
description: 6 pages, no figures