cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
C*-envelopes of semicrossed products by lattice ordered abelian semigroups
Creators: name: Humeniuk, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L25, 47L55, 47L65

description: A semicrossed product is a non-selfadjoint operator algebra encoding the action of a semigroup on an operator or C*-algebra. We prove that, when the positive cone of a discrete lattice ordered abelian group acts on a C*-algebra, the C*-envelope of the associated semicrossed product is a full corner of a crossed product by the whole group. By constructing a C*-cover that itself is a full corner of a crossed product, and computing the Shilov ideal, we obtain an explicit description of the C*-envelope. This generalizes a result of Davidson, Fuller, and Kakariadis from $\mathbb{Z}_+^n$ to the class of all discrete lattice ordered abelian groups.
description: 36 pages. Updated to reflect published version in JFA. Minor typos fixed throughout and new Corollary 3.18 (nonunital case) and Subsection 6.1 (simplicity of the C*-envelope) added
MOESM3 of Functional mutation allele mining of plant architecture and yield-related agronomic traits and characterization of their effects in wheat
Creators: name: Huijun Guo
name: Hongchun Xiong
name: Yongdun Xie
name: Linshu Zhao
name: Jiayu Gu
name: Shirong Zhao
name: Yuping Ding
name: Luxiang Liu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S2. Manhattan plots showing the -log10(p) values from genome-wide association analysis of the investigated traits across environments.
Robust Multidimensional Welfare Comparisons: One Vector of Weights, One Vote
Creators: name: Athanassoglou, Stergios
name: Athanassoglou, Stergios
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Multidimensional Welfare
subject: Composite Index
subject: ε-Contamination
subject: Polyhedral Geometry
subject: Social Choice
subject: Approximation Algorithms

description: Many aspects of social welfare are intrinsically multidimensional. Composite indices at-tempting to reduce this complexity to a unique measure abound in many areas of economics and public policy. Comparisons based on such measures depend, sometimes critically, on how the different dimensions of performance are weighted. Thus, a policy maker may wish to take into account imprecision over composite index weights in a systematic manner. In this paper, such weight imprecision is parameterized via the ε-contamination framework of Bayesian statistics. Subsequently, combining results from polyhedral geometry, social choice, and theoretical computer science, an analytical procedure is presented that yields a provably robust ranking of the relevant alternatives in the presence of weight imprecision. The main idea is to consider a vector of weights as a voter and a continuum of weights as an electorate. The procedure is illustrated on recent versions of the Rule of Law and Human Development indices.
Bidirectional Transfer in the Emergence of Contact Varieties in Nagpur India
Creators: name: Dubey, Aditi
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021
Subjects: linguistics
contact linguistics
historical linguistics
Nagpur
India
contact-induced change
contact languages
cross-linguistic transfer
van coetsem

description: Long-term contact between Hindi and Marathi in Nagpur, India has led to extensive transfer of linguistic features in both directions (Hindi to Marathi and Marathi to Hindi), leading to the formation of two contact varieties, Nagpuri Hindi and Nagpuri Marathi. This thesis investigates the emergence of these varieties by determining the agents of change and direction of transfer involved in the emergence process. For this purpose, the framework proposed by Van Coetsem (1988; 1995; 2000) is used. This model is speaker-focused, emphasising the role linguistic dominance plays in the mechanisms of contact-induced changed. While the model provides a clear, principled approach to decipher the processes of contact-induced change, these processes must also be contextualised within the larger sociohistorical circumstances of Nagpur. This thesis, thus, examines historical sources and combines it with a Van Coetsem based analysis of linguistic data to propose plausible scenarios that could have led to the emergence of these contact varieties. Additionally, this thesis also investigates present-day use of these varieties by using data collected through YouTube. In the absence of access to real speakers, videos provide speech data that can be examined to understand the current speech of people from Nagpur.
Noncommutative Topological Half-flat Gravity
Creators: name: Garcia-Compean, H.
name: Obregon, O.
name: Ramirez, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a noncommutative description of topological half-flat gravity in four dimensions. BRST symmetry of this topological gravity is deformed through a twisting of the usual BRST quantization of noncommutative gauge theories. Finally it is argued that resulting moduli space of instantons is characterized by the solutions of a noncommutative version of the Plebanski's heavenly equation.
description: 12+1 pages, revtex4, no figures
The Sweet Forever: How Photography in the Wake of Digital Transformation Might Inform a Re-imagining of Death
Creators: name: Fiveash, Tina
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: For nearly 200 years, photography has been intrinsically interconnected with death through a range of scientific, medical, technological, cultural, social and personal practices, including its historic use as a medium for conveying imagined representations of the 'living dead' in early analogue spirit photography. Today, extraordinary new discoveries about the process of dying have emerged through scientific and technological innovation in resuscitation. These allow humankind to re-evaluate and re-imagine the entity commonly known as 'consciousness' as continuing to persist in the period beyond death. However, despite this seismic transformation in the medical understanding of the process of dying and its potential to change our approach to both life and death in Western culture, mainstream secular beliefs about death remain deeply rooted to the pre-existent Cartesian-Newtonian theory that consciousness is the creation of the brain and, as such, terminates at the time of physical death. My practice-led research considers how awareness of such transformative new understandings of the dying process might also transform not only our belief systems around death, but also the way we picture death, dying, and the dead. Through creative practice I explore how photography in the wake of digital transformation might inform a contemporary re-imagining of death and dying. By using a range of methods I re-approach historic visual illusion technologies to newly evoke 'immaterial' subjects. By investigating the powerful dichotomy of photography, which is simultaneously a scientific index of truth and a machine of illusion, my research questions the assumed boundary between life and death. My personal investigation of death and dying through photography is paralleled with a text-based investigation of wider understandings of death in our society through the personal letters of a diverse range of people in my community. Taken together both my creative visual practice, and my work with people's letters, forms a contribution to the field of death studies, and to our continually evolving imagining of death and dying in the twenty first century.
The Impact of metallicity evolution of the universe on the maximum mass of LIGO binary black holes
Creators: name: Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher
name: Farr, Will M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We can be biased against observing massive black holes to merge in the local universe as the bounds on the maximum black hole mass ($M_{BH}^{\rm max}$) depends on the assumptions regarding the metallicity evolution of the star forming gas across the cosmic time. We investigate the bounds on the metallicity evolution, mass distribution and delay times of the binary black hole sources based on the ten observed events by LIGO. We parametrize $M_{BH}^{\rm max}$ to be a function of metallicity which itself is modeled to evolve with redshift in either a modest or rapid fashion. Rapid metallicity evolution models predict a stringent bound of $M_{BH}^{\rm max}=44^{+9}_{-5}M_{\odot}$, while the bound on $M_{BH}^{\rm max}$ in the models with modest metallicity evolution is $M_{BH}^{\rm max}=52^{+16}_{-9} M_{\odot}$. Therefore, inferring $M_{BH}^{\rm max}$ from GW data depends on the assumed metal enrichment history of the universe that is not severely constrained at the moment.
description: 7 pages, accepted for publication at ApJ Letters
ERP vs CRM: Which do you need?
Creators: name: Globaldev
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: difference between ERP and CRM

description: If you're aiming to boost operational efficiency or enhance customer relationships, the decision between ERP and CRM is crucial. The article offers an in-depth comparison, showing you how to pick the right solution based on your company’s objectives. From automating workflows to improving customer retention, find out which software aligns with your goals. Click here to explore the benefits of both systems and make a well-informed decision: ERP vs CRM.
Additional file of Complementary and alternative medicine use by pediatric oncology patients before, during, and after treatment
Creators: name: Lüthi, Emmanuelle
name: Diezi, Manuel
name: Danon, Nadia
name: Dubois, Julie
name: Pasquier, Jérôme
name: Burnand, Bernard
name: Pierre-Yves Rodondi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file of Complementary and alternative medicine use by pediatric oncology patients before, during, and after treatment
Detecting individual internal displacements following a sudden-onset disaster using time series analysis of call detail records
Creators: name: Li, Tracey
name: Dejby, Jesper
name: Albert, Maximilian
name: Bengtsson, Linus
name: Lefebvre, Veronique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method for analysing mobile phone call detail records to identify individuals whom we believe to be have been internally displaced as a result of a sudden-onset disaster. We model each anonymous individual's movements trajectory as a piecewise-constant time series signal, assume that a disaster-induced displacement is exhibited as a level shift from an individual's 'normal' location, and then apply a step detection algorithm to identify level shifts in the signal. In contrast to typical methods that are used to analyse mobility patterns from call detail records, where the aggregate movements of large groups of individuals are analysed, our method offers the advantage that no assumptions regarding the destination or duration of an individual's displacement are necessary. We have applied the method to the datasets from three disasters - the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, and Hurricane Matthew in Haiti in 2016. Our results demonstrate that this method can facilitate improvements in the analysis and modelling of the mobility of internally displaced persons in post-disaster scenarios, using call detail records. Such analyses can be used to complement traditional survey methods to assess the scale and characteristics of disaster-induced displacements in a timely manner.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
Mitigation and Solar Radiation Management in Climate Change Policies
Creators: name: Manousi, Vasiliki
name: Anastasios, Xepapadeas
name: Manousi, Vasiliki
name: Anastasios, Xepapadeas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate Change
subject: Mitigation
subject: Geoengineering
subject: Cooperation
subject: Differential Game
subject: Open Loop - Feedback Nash Equilibrium

description: We couple a spatially homogeneous energy balance climate model with an economic growth model which incorporates two potential policies against climate change: mitigation, which is the traditional policy, and geoengineering. We analyze the optimal policy mix of geoengineering and mitigation in both a cooperative and a noncooperative framework, in which we study open loop and feedback solutions. Our results suggests that greenhouse gas accumulation is relatively higher when geoengineering policies are undertaken, and that at noncooperative solutions incentives for geoengineering are relative stronger. A disruption of geoengineering efforts at a steady state will cause an upward jump in global temperature.
Does intraoperative contamination during primary knee arthroplasty affect patient-reported outcomes for patients who are uninfected 1 year after surgery? A prospective cohort study of 714 patients
Creators: name: Justesen, Tobias
name: Olsen, Jakob B
name: Hesselvig, Anne B
name: Mørup-Petersen, Anne
name: Odgaard, Anders
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Background and purpose — It is well recognized that some knee arthroplasty (KA) patients present with prolonged postoperative inflammation and some develop persistent pain. It can reasonably be speculated that some of these problems develop because of low-grade infections with low virulence bacteria caused by intraoperative contamination. This prospective study was performed to investigate whether intraoperative contamination results in lower patient-reported outcomes (PRO) for patients who were clinically uninfected in the first year after surgery. Patients and methods — We combined data from 2 major prospective studies on patients undergoing primary KA at 2 Danish hospitals between September 2016 and January 2018. Pre- and postoperative (1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months) PROs and intraoperative microbiological cultures were obtained on a total of 714 patients who were included in the study. Based on the microbiological cultures, the patients were divided into 2 groups, contaminated and non-contaminated, and differences in PROs between the 2 groups were analyzed. Results — 84 of 714 (12%) patients were intraoperatively contaminated; none of the 714 patients developed clinical infection. The preoperative Oxford Knee Score was 24 and 23 for contaminated and non-contaminated patients, respectively, improving to 40 and 39 at 1 year (p = 0.8). 1-year AUC for Oxford Knee Score and absolute improvement at each postoperative time point for Forgotten Joint Score and EQ-5D-5L also were similar between contaminated and non-contaminated patients. Interpretation — Patient-reported outcomes from 714 patients do not indicate that intraoperative contamination affects the knee-specific or general health-related quality of life in primary KA patients who are clinically uninfected 1 year after surgery.
Weyl Pseudodifferential Calculus and the Heisenberg Group in New Settings
Creators: name: Harris, Sean
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: We examine both Weyl pseudodifferential calculus and the Heisenberg group in new settings, through two published papers and a chapter representing work towards a construction of Haar bases of unimodular LC groups. We finish with some remarks about an extension of both Heisenberg group and pseudodifferential calculus techniques to non-Abelian settings, detailing possible links with representation theory and the Langlands program. The first of the two papers achieves the following "We give a simple proof of the fact that the classical Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator L is R-sectorial of angle arcsin|1-2/p| on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n, \exp(-|x|^2/2)dx)$ (for $1
Randomized trial comparing suture button with single 3.5 mm syndesmotic screw for ankle syndesmosis injury: similar results at 2 years
Creators: name: Ræder, Benedikte Wendt
name: Stake, Ingrid Kvello
name: Madsen, Jan Erik
name: Frihagen, Frede
name: Jacobsen, Silje Berild
name: Andersen, Mette Renate
name: Wender Figved
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Background and purpose — Better outcomes are reported for suture button (SB) compared with syndesmotic screws (SS) in patients treated for an acute ankle syndesmotic injury. One reason could be that screws are more rigid than an SB. A single tricortical 3.5 mm syndesmotic screw (TS) is the most dynamic screw option. Our hypothesis is that 1 SB and 1 TS provide similar results. Therefore, in randomized controlled trial, we compared the results between SB and TS for syndesmotic stabilization in patients with acute syndesmosis injury. Patients and methods — 113 patients with acute syndesmotic injury were randomized to SB (n = 55) or TS (n = 58). The American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle–Hindfoot Score was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), Olerud–Molander Ankle score (OMA), visual analogue scale (VAS), EuroQol- 5D (EQ-5D), radiologic results, range of motion, complications, and reoperations (no implants were routinely removed). CT scans of both ankles were obtained after surgery, and after 1 and 2 years. Results — The 2-year follow-up rate was 84%. At 2 years, median AOFAS score was 97 in both groups (IQR SB 87–100, IQR TS 90–100, p = 0.7), median MOXFQ index was 5 in the SB group and 3 in the TS group (IQR 0–18 vs. 0–8, p = 0.2), and median OMA score was 90 in the SB group and 100 in the TS group (IQR 75–100 vs. 83–100, p = 0.2). The syndesmotic reduction was similar 2 years after surgery; 19/55 patients in the SB group and 13/58 in the TS group had a difference in anterior syndesmotic width ≥ 2 mm (p = 0.3). 0 patients in the SB group and 5 patients in the TS group had complete tibiofibular synostosis (p = 0.03). At 2 years, 10 TS were broken. Complications and reoperations were similar between the groups. Interpretation — We found no clinically relevant differences regarding outcome scores between the groups. TS is an inexpensive alternative to SB.
On the Lie's Theorem for Lie Color Algebras
Creators: name: Zhang, Shouchuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B30

description: We show that the Lie's Theorem holds for Lie color algebras with a torsion-free abelian group $G$. We give an example to show that the torsion-free condition is necessary.
description: 5 pages
The distribution of relative proper motions of wide binaries in GAIA DR2: MOND or multiplicity?
Creators: name: Clarke, Cathie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the distribution of on-sky relative velocities for wide binaries previously assembled from GAIA DR2 data and focus on the origin of the high velocity tail of apparently unbound systems which may be interpreted as evidence for non-Newtonian gravity in the weak field limit. We argue that this tail is instead explicable in terms of a population of hidden triples, i.e. cases where one of the components of the wide binary is itself a close binary unresolved in the GAIA data. In this case the motion of the photocentre of the inner pair relative to its barycentre affects the apparent relative proper motion of the wide pair and can make pairs that are in fact bound appear to be unbound. We show that the general shape of the observed distributions can be reproduced using simple observationally motivated assumptions about the population of hidden triples.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Noncommutative Deformation of Topological Field Theory
Creators: name: Garcia-Compean, Hugo
name: Paniagua, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cohomological Yang-Mills theory is formulated on a noncommutative differentiable four manifold through the $θ$-deformation of its corresponding BRST algebra. The resulting noncommutative field theory is a natural setting to define the $θ$-deformation of Donaldson invariants and they are interpreted as a mapping between the Chevalley-Eilenberg homology of noncommutative spacetime and the Chevalley-Eilenberg cohomology of noncommutative moduli of instantons. In the process we find that in the weak coupling limit the quantum theory is localized at the moduli space of noncommutative instantons.
description: 11+1 pages, revtex4, no figures
Saving Rate Dynamics in the Neoclassical Growth Model – Hyperbolic Discounting and Observational Equivalence
Creators: name: Farzin, Y. Hossein
name: Wendner, Ronald
name: Farzin, Y. Hossein
name: Wendner, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Saving Rate
subject: Non-Monotonic Transition Path
subject: Hyperbolic Discounting
subject: Regular Discounting
subject: Commitment
subject: Short Planning Horizon
subject: Neoclassical Growth Model

description: The standard neoclassical growth model with Cobb-Douglas production predicts a monotonically declining saving rate, when reasonably calibrated. Ample empirical evidence, however, shows that the transition path of a country’s saving rate exhibits a rising or non-monotonic pattern. In important cases, hyperbolic discounting, which is empirically strongly supported, implies transitional dynamics of the saving rate that accords well with empirical evidence. This holds true even in a growth model with Cobb-Douglas production technology. We also identify the cases where hyperbolic discounting is observationally equivalent to exponential discounting. In those cases, hyperbolic discounting does not affect the saving rate dynamics. Numerical simulations employing a generalized class of hyperbolic discounting functions that we term regular discounting functions support the results.
MOESM1 of Functional mutation allele mining of plant architecture and yield-related agronomic traits and characterization of their effects in wheat
Creators: name: Huijun Guo
name: Hongchun Xiong
name: Yongdun Xie
name: Linshu Zhao
name: Jiayu Gu
name: Shirong Zhao
name: Yuping Ding
name: Luxiang Liu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The principal component analysis with the variation partitioned between the first and the second principal components. The green circles indicate each subpopulation.
Optimising Radiation Dose of CT Pulmonary Angiogram for Imaging Pulmonary Embolism and Alternative Acute Respiratory Diseases
Creators: name: Hashi, Ahmed
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: Abstract CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is utilised to diagnose pulmonary embolus in various clinical settings. CT imaging has considerable advantages over other imaging modalities. Whilst considering its widespread application and advantages, it tends to have high radiation exposure. Additionally, there are high rates of suboptimal and non-diagnostic examinations that result in unnecessary radiation dose. Therefore appropriate radiation dose reduction techniques are required without compromising imaging quality; unfortunately, efforts to reduce radiation dose can also diminish image quality and lead to missed pulmonary emboli and other lung pathologies. Several studies have investigated 80kV CTPA protocols and found a considerable upsurge in image noise and reduced imaging quality. The purpose of this research project was to develop an 80kV CTPA protocol with reduced imaging noise, decreased radiation dose and simultaneously reducing suboptimal examinations in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were conducted to achieve this purpose. This study has demonstrated that the new 80kV CTPA protocol can significantly (t (60) = -17.8, p < 0.05) reduce patient mean effective radiation dose by 66% with a mean radiation dose 1.005mSv compared to 3.03mSv with current 100kV protocols. The study has also demonstrated a reduced rate of suboptimal examinations and a significant increase (t (75) =9.1, p<0.05) in contrast enhancement of the pulmonary arterial tree at the 80kV exposures. It has also been found that a gentle breath-hold open mouth technique with an 80kV scanning protocol also improves imaging quality. In terms of imaging quality assessment, the improved 80kV CTPA yielded acceptable image quality comparable to the standard protocol as per the radiologist assessment. This study's original contribution to knowledge is introducing a new, improved 80kV CTPA that allows the imaging departments to achieve an excellent contrast enhancement and lower suboptimal examinations. This study's overall significance is a demonstrable reduction in radiation dose without affecting the CTPA image quality in the majority of the patients.
'We are a farming class': community, class and place in Dubbo's farmlands, 1870-1950
Creators: name: Woodley, Peter
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: This study examines how people in the farming districts in central-western New South Wales constituted their communities. It responds to gaps in historians' understanding of settler society beyond the country towns, and contributes to the literature on rural Australia's disproportionate influence on politics and a national mythos. This study is bounded by the arrival in the 1870s of a disparate array of isolated households intending to acquire land under laws designed to encourage smaller-scale agricultural settlement. It concludes in 1950 on the cusp of the long economic boom, as a range of social and economic forces began to disrupt rural communities. The study draws on government, private, corporate and voluntary associations' archives to investigate how 'farmlands' people formed, sustained and defined communities through their engagements with government, creditors, labour, political representatives, one another, and through their constructions of vernacular local histories. It examines transport and communications technologies' effects on constructions of community, and on people's connections to other places. As a local study, this project brings a particular focus to people's quotidian exchanges to develop broader conclusions about how these previously under-researched people related to their own place, to farming people more broadly, and to the wider world with which they became ever more intimately connected. The study focuses on two factors influencing farming people's ideas of what or who constituted their communities. One consisted of intimate, experiential communities of place and belonging: of where people lived and socialised. These were fragile constructs, formed and re-formed with successive waves of closer settlement, and as space was constantly disrupted by people's increasing mobility. A second form of community consisted of an imagined, pan-rural farming 'class'. Class in this context arose not so much from everyday relationships between capital and labour, but rather from farming people's implied compact with government. In this scenario, farmers were cast as contributing, through their labour, to a national project to sustain a productive and morally worthy agrarian society. Farmers and their representatives argued that in response governments were obliged to use their control of land, infrastructure, financing and markets in farmers' favour. In the increasingly homogeneous farmlands, place and class were mutually reinforcing.
Coherent control for qubit state readout
Creators: name: Roman, Conrad
name: Ransford, Anthony
name: Ip, Michael
name: Campbell, Wesley C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Short pulses from mode-locked lasers can produce background-free atomic fluorescence by allowing temporal separation of the prompt incidental scatter from the subsequent atomic emission. We use this to improve quantum state detection of optical-frequency and electron-shelved trapped ion qubits by more than 2 orders of magnitude. For direct detection of qubits defined on atomic hyperfine structure, however, the large bandwidth of short pulses is greater than the hyperfine splitting, and repeated excitation is not qubit state selective. Here, we show that the state resolution needed for projective quantum measurement of hyperfine qubits can be recovered by applying techniques from coherent control to the orbiting valence electron of the queried ion. We demonstrate electron wavepacket interference to allow readout of the original qubit state using broadband pulses, even in the presence of large amounts of background laser scatter.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
HipSim — hip fracture surgery simulation utilizing the Learning Curve–Cumulative Summation test (LC-CUSUM)
Creators: name: Rölfing, Jan Duedal
name: Jensen, Rune Dall
name: Paltved, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background and purpose — Virtual reality simulation of hip fracture surgery is available for orthopedic residents nationwide in Denmark. Summative assessment of learning applying the learning curve cumulative summation test (LC-CUSUM) has not been utilized in orthopedic simulation training. The strength of the LC-CUSUM is that it assumes incompetency and signals competency based on solid statistics. We investigated the LC-CUSUM characteristics of novices stepwise mastering the simulated dynamic hip screw (DHS) procedure. Material and methods — 32 1st-year orthopedic residents participated in HipSim and its 3 subsequent LC-CUSUM evaluations: placing a Kirschner wire, placing a Kirschner wire in different patients, and performing the entire DHS procedure in different patients. The career status of the participants, i.e., still working in orthopedics or in another specialty was recorded ≥ 2 years after participation and associated with the simulation performance (passed/failed). Results — 13/14 participants passing HipSim according to LC-CUSUM were still working in orthopedics, while 9/18 participants failing HipSim had quit orthopedics at ≥ 2 years follow-up. The simulator-generated feedback did not statistically significantly differ between the groups. Interpretation — LC-CUSUM and its summative pass/fail assessment of each simulation was feasible in this formative simulation program. Clinical educators can be reassured that participants passing HipSim are likely to continue to 2nd–5th year of residency, while failing HipSim should raise concerns and trigger career counselling and clinical supervision. The motivational aspect of LC-CUSUM pass/fail assessment when designing formative simulation training warrants further research.
Clean and Dirty International Technology Diffusion
Creators: name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Verdolini, Elena
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Verdolini, Elena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Technology Diffusion and Transfer
subject: Innovation
subject: Patents
subject: Energy Technologies
subject: Environmental Policy
subject: Intellectual Property Rights

description: This paper investigates the role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection and Environmental Policies (EPs) on clean (renewable) and dirty (fossil-based) technology diffusion from top-innovators. IPR protection and EPs are extensively debated policy tools, as IPR protection addresses knowledge market failure, while EPs respond to pressing local and global environmental externalities. A model of monopolistic competition inspired by the recent trade literature shows that the profits associated with exporting a blueprint are a function of the quality of the idea and of market and institutional characteristics of the receiving country. We test the empirical implications of our model using patent data in renewable and fossil efficient power technologies for 13 top innovating countries and 40 patenting authorities. We improve on previous contributions by accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and for the endogeneity of policy proxies through a Generalized Method of Moment estimator. We show that knowledge transfer through patent duplication increases with the level of IPR protection, but with slight diminishing marginal returns. The effect is stronger for clean technologies, which are arguably less mature and more sensitive to uncertainty. Commitment to EPs also increases the incentives for patent duplication. The magnitude of the effect is conditional on the nature of the technology and on the specific policy instrument.
Automated classification of hip fractures using deep convolutional neural networks with orthopedic surgeon-level accuracy: ensemble decision-making with antero-posterior and lateral radiographs
Creators: name: Yutoku Yamada
name: Maki, Satoshi
name: Kishida, Shunji
name: Nagai, Haruki
name: Junnosuke Arima
name: Yamakawa, Nanako
name: Iijima, Yasushi
name: Shiko, Yuki
name: Kawasaki, Yohei
name: Kotani, Toshiaki
name: Shiga, Yasuhiro
name: Inage, Kazuhide
name: Sumihisa Orita
name: Yawara Eguchi
name: Takahashi, Hiroshi
name: Yamashita, Takeshi
name: Minami, Shohei
name: Ohtori, Seiji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background and purpose — Deep-learning approaches based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are gaining interest in the medical imaging field. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a CNN to discriminate femoral neck fractures, trochanteric fractures, and non-fracture using antero-posterior (AP) and lateral hip radiographs. Patients and methods — 1,703 plain hip AP radiographs and 1,220 plain hip lateral radiographs were included in the total dataset. 150 images each of the AP and lateral views were separated out and the remainder of the dataset was used for training. The CNN made the diagnosis based on: (1) AP radiographs alone, (2) lateral radiographs alone, or (3) both AP and lateral radiographs combined. The diagnostic performance of the CNN was measured by the accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score. We further compared the CNN’s performance with that of orthopedic surgeons. Results — The average accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score of the CNN based on both anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were 0.98, 0.98, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively. The accuracy of the CNN was comparable to, or statistically significantly better than, that of the orthopedic surgeons regardless of radiographic view used. In the CNN model, the accuracy of the diagnosis based on both views was significantly better than the lateral view alone and tended to be better than the AP view alone. Interpretation — The CNN exhibited comparable or superior performance to that of orthopedic surgeons to discriminate femoral neck fractures, trochanteric fractures, and non-fracture using both AP and lateral hip radiographs.
On the Derivation of Conserved Quantities in Classical Mechanics
Creators: name: Tjiang, Paulus C.
name: Sutanto, Sylvia H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a theorem of partial differential equations, we present a general way of deriving the conserved quantities associated with a given classical point mechanical system, denoted by its Hamiltonian. Some simple examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the formulation.
description: 12 pages, uses iopart.cls
Applied Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases in Australia
Creators: name: Tsang, Tracy
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: While placed in the Communicable Diseases Epidemiology and Surveillance Section within the Office of Health Protection and Response (previously known as the Office of Health Protection), Australian Government Department of Health in Canberra, I completed four projects to meet the core competency requirements of the Master of Philosophy (Applied Epidemiology) program. My placement also provided numerous opportunities to conduct disease surveillance and response outside of my core MAE projects such as the opportunity to be part of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemiology and Surveillance Team in the National Incident Room. This thesis presents the projects undertaken: investigating a suspected viral gastroenteritis outbreak in the Australian Capital Territory; describing the epidemiology of gonorrhoea in Australia between 1999 and 2018; evaluating the performance of the primary surveillance system for COVID-19 against its surveillance objectives; and describing the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Australia between 1 January and 26 April 2020 including the identification of pre-existing comorbidities that are associated with severe COVID-19 illness. This thesis also describes the teaching activities I prepared to fulfil the teaching requirements of the MAE program. The primary objective of my Lessons from the Field was for participants to gain expertise in performing advanced searches using the MEDLINE (via Ovid) database.
Additional file 1 of Research priorities for rare neurological diseases: a representative view of patient representatives and healthcare professionals from the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases
Creators: name: Post, Annemarie E. M.
name: Klockgether, Thomas
name: G. Bernhard Landwehrmeyer
name: Pandolfo, Massimo
name: Arnesen, Astri
name: Reinhard, Carola
name: Graessner, Holm
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. The survey that was distributed to ERN-RND members and patients representatives.
Guiding neutral polar molecules by electromagnetic vortex field --- a classical approach
Creators: name: Radozycki, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown, within classical mechanics, that the field of an electromagnetic vortex is capable of capturing and guiding neutral molecules endowed with a permanent electric dipole moment (PEDM). Similarly as in the case of the magnetic field applied to elementary particles or atoms, this effect turns out to be very delicate because of the small values of PEDM observed in real molecules. They amount to $2\times10^{5}\, e{\mathrm{fm}}$ (electron charge $\times$ fermi) or less, which requires the use of very strong electric fields. It has also been observed that there exists a threshold in field strength above which the particles are ejected from the trap. Trajectories of guided particles are usually quite chaotic, which is a consequence of non-linearity of the equations of motion. With a very special and precise adjustment of parameters, a regular (i.e., circular, in the transverse plane) trajectory can be obtained. The presence of an additional constant electric field pointing along the direction of the wave propagation might help to achieve the necessary tuning and realize such trajectories.
description: Latex, 8 pages, 6 figures
Learning to Identify Extragalactic Radio Sources
Creators: name: Alger, Matthew
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: Radio observations of actively accreting supermassive black holes outside of the galaxy can provide insight into the history of galaxies and their evolution. With the construction of fast new radio telescopes and the undertaking of large new radio surveys in the lead-up to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), radio astronomy faces a `data deluge' where traditional methods of data analysis cannot keep up with the scale of the data. Astronomers are increasingly looking to machine learning to provide ways of handling large-scale data like these. This thesis introduces machine learning methods for use in wide-area radio surveys and demonstrates their application to radio astronomy data. To help understand the issues facing large-scale wide-area radio surveys, and contribute toward their solutions, we consider the problems of automated radio-infrared cross-identification and Faraday complexity classification. We developed an automated machine learning method for cross-identifying radio objects with their infrared counterparts, training the algorithm with data from the citizen science project Radio Galaxy Zoo. The trained result performed comparably to an algorithm trained on expert cross-identifications, demonstrating the benefit of non-expert labelling in radio astronomy. By examining the theoretical maximum accuracy of this algorithm we showed that existing pilot studies for future surveys were not sufficiently large enough to train machine learning methods. We showed the utility of our cross-identification algorithm by applying it instead to a large survey, Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters (FIRST), producing the largest catalogue of cross-identified extended sources available at the time of writing. From this catalogue, we calculated a mid-infrared-divided fractional radio luminosity function as well as an estimate of energy injected into the intergalactic medium by active galactic nuclei jets---one of the first applications of machine learning to radio astronomy to obtain a physics result. A key result from this work was that the limitation in our sample size was not due to the number of radio objects cross-identified but rather by the number of available redshift measurements. Finally, we developed interpretable features for spectropolarimetric measurements of radio sources and used these features to design a machine learning algorithm that can identify Faraday complexity, while the features themselves may be used for other tasks. The methods in this thesis will be applicable to future radio surveys such as the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) continuum survey and the Polarised Sky Survey of the Universe's Magnetism (POSSUM), as well as surveys produced with the SKA, allowing the development of higher resolution radio luminosity functions, better estimates of the impact of radio galaxies on their environments, faster analysis of polarised surveys, and better quality rotation measure grids.
Estimates for the extinction time for the Ricci flow on certain 3-manifolds and a question of Perelman
Creators: name: Colding, Tobias H.
name: Minicozzi, William P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: AP, DG, GT

description: In this note we prove some bounds for the extinction time for the Ricci flow on certain 3-manifolds. Our interest in this comes from a question of Grisha Perelman asked to the first author at a dinner in New York City on April 25th of 2003. His question was ``what happens to the Ricci flow on the 3-sphere when one starts with an arbitrary metric? In particular does the flow become extinct in finite time?'' He then went on to say that one of the difficulties in answering this is that he knew of no good way of constructing minimal surfaces for such a metric in general. However, there is a natural way of constructing such surfaces and that comes from the min--max argument where the minimal of all maximal slices of sweep-outs is a minimal surface; see, for instance, [CD]. The idea is then to look at how the area of this min-max surface changes under the flow. Geometrically the area measures a kind of width of the 3-manifold and as we will see for certain 3-manifolds (those, like the 3-sphere, whose prime decomposition contains no aspherical factors) the area becomes zero in finite time corresponding to that the solution becomes extinct in finite time. Moreover, we will discuss a possible lower bound for how fast the area becomes zero. Very recently Perelman posted a paper (see [Pe1]) answering his original question about finite extinction time. However, even after the appearance of his paper, then we still think that our slightly different approach may be of interest. In part because it is in some ways geometrically more natural, in part because it also indicates that lower bounds should hold, and in part because it avoids using the curve shortening flow that he simultaneously with the Ricci flow needed to invoke and thus our approach is in some respects technically easier.
description: published version