cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Effects of short term bioturbation by common voles on biogeochemical soil variables
Creators: name: Wilske, Burkhard
name: Eccard, Jana Anja
name: Zistl-Schlingmann, Marcus
name: Hohmann, Maximilian
name: Methler, Annabel
name: Herde, Antje
name: Liesenjohann, Thilo
name: Dannenmann, Michael
name: Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus
name: Breuer, Lutz
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Bioturbation contributes to soil formation and ecosystem functioning. With respect to the active transport of matter by voles, bioturbation may be considered as a very dynamic process among those shaping soil formation and biogeochemistry. The present study aimed at characterizing and quantifying the effects of bioturbation by voles on soil water relations and carbon and nitrogen stocks. Bioturbation effects were examined based on a field set up in a luvic arenosol comprising of eight 50 x 50 m enclosures with greatly different numbers of common vole (Microtus arvalis L., ca. 35-150 individuals ha(-1) mth(-1)). Eleven key soil variables were analyzed: bulk density, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N), CO2 emission potential, C/N ratio, the stable isotopic signatures of C-13 and N-15, and pH. The highest vole densities were hypothesized to cause significant changes in some variables within 21 months. Results showed that land history had still a major influence, as eight key variables displayed an additional or sole influence of topography. However, the delta N-15 at depths of 10-20 and 20-30 cm decreased and increased with increasing vole numbers, respectively. Also the CO2 emission potential from soil collected at a depth of 15-30 cm decreased and the C/N ratio at 5-10 cm depth narrowed with increasing vole numbers. These variables indicated the first influence of voles on the respective mineralization processes in some soil layers. Tendencies of vole activity homogenizing SOC and N contents across layers were not significant. The results of the other seven key variables did not confirm significant effects of voles. Thus overall, we found mainly a first response of variables that are indicative for changes in biogeochemical dynamics but not yet of those representing changes in pools.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 499
Cosmological constraints from large-scale structure growth rate measurements
Creators: name: Pavlov, Anatoly
name: Farooq, Omer
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compile a list of $14$ independent measurements of large-scale structure growth rate between redshifts $0.067 \leq z \leq 0.8$ and use this to place constraints on model parameters of constant and time-evolving general-relativistic dark energy cosmologies. With the assumption that gravity is well-modeled by general relativity, we discover that growth-rate data provide restrictive cosmological parameter constraints. In combination with type Ia supernova apparent magnitude versus redshift data and Hubble parameter measurements, the growth rate data are consistent with the standard spatially-flat $Λ$CDM model, as well as with mildly evolving dark energy density cosmological models.
description: 8 pages, 1 table and 3 figures
Pseudo-elastic Flexure-Hinges in Robots for Micro Assembly
Creators: name: Hesselbach, Jürgen
name: Raatz, Annika
Publisher: name: Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: flexible hinges
subject: pseudo-elastic SMA
subject: high precision robotics
subject: kinematic behavior
subject: compliant mechanism, instantaneous center of rotation
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: The increasing tendency of products towards miniaturization makes the substitution of conventional hinges to flexure hinges necessary, since they can be manufactured almost arbitrarily small. On account of their multiple advantages like no backlash, no slip-stick-effects and no friction, their application is especially reasonable in high-precision robots for micro assembly. Particular pseudo-elastic shape memory alloys offer themselves as material for flexure hinges. Since flexible joints gain their mobility exclusively via the elastic deformation of matter, the attainable angle of rotation is strongly limited when using conventional metallic materials with approximately 0.4% maximal elastic strain. Using pseudo-elastic materials, with up to 15% elastic strain, this serious disadvantage of flexure hinges can be avoided. A further problem of flexible joints is their kinematic behavior since they do not behave exactly like conventional rotational joints. In order to examine the kinematics of the hinges an experimental set-up was developed whereby good compliance with theoretical computed values could be achieved. A three (+1) degree of freedom parallel robot with integrated flexure hinges is investigated showing its kinematic deviations to its rigid body model. The data of the kinematic model of the flexible joint can then be implemented into the control of this compliant mechanism in order to gain not only a higher repeatability but also a good absolute accuracy over the entire working space.
Linear spin wave theory for single-Q incommensurate magnetic structures
Creators: name: Toth, S.
name: Lake, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear spin wave theory provides the leading term in the calculation of the excitation spectra of long-range ordered magnetic systems as a function of $1/\sqrt{S}$. This term is acquired using the Holstein-Primakoff approximation of the spin operator and valid for small $δS$ fluctuations of the ordered moment. We propose an algorithm that allows magnetic ground states with general moment directions and single-Q incommensurate ordering wave vector using a local coordinate transformation for every spin and a rotating coordinate transformation for the incommensurability. Finally we show, how our model can determine the spin wave spectrum of the magnetic C-site langasites with incommensurate order.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, cite this paper if you use SpinW (http://www.psi.ch/spinw)
Berufseinstieg von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern
Creators: name: Keller-Schneider, Manuela
name: Hericks, Uwe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Berufseinstieg
Berufliche Entwicklungsaufgaben
Anforderungen
Ressourcen
Professionalisierung

description: Der Berufseinstieg stellt Anforderungen, auf die strukturbedingt im Rahmen einer Ausbildung (ein- oder zweiphasig) nur begrenzt vorbereitet werden kann, da die Komplexität und Dynamik der gleichzeitig und eigenständig zu bewältigenden beruflichen Anforderungen beim Einstieg in die eigenverantwortliche Berufstätigkeit sprunghaft ansteigt. Der Beitrag systematisiert Zugänge zum Forschungsfeld und referiert Befunde aus struktur-, kompetenz-, sozialisationsorientierten und berufsbiografischen Arbeiten, aus Studien zur Bedeutung sozialer Ressourcen sowie zu Berufsgesundheit und Mobilität. Der berufsbiografische Ansatz steht dabei im Zentrum. → Zugang zum Volltext innerhalb des Netzwerks der PH Zürich (oder mit entsprechender Lizenz): https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-24734-8_59-1.
description: +repphzhbib2021A
Additional file 1 of Protocol of the randomized control trial: the WiseApp trial for improving health outcomes in PLWH (WiseApp)
Creators: name: Flynn, Gabriella
name: Haomiao Jia
name: Reynolds, Nancy R.
name: Mohr, David C.
name: Schnall, Rebecca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Wise App Trial Baseline.
Fig 2
Creators: name: Wang, Longteng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310201
subject: Bioinformatic methods development
classificationCode: 310204
subject: Genomics and transcriptomics
classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified

description: Code and related data for Figure 2 and supplementary Figure 4-7.
title: Regional climate signal vs. local noise
title: a two-dimensional view of water isotopes in Antarctic firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Münch, Thomas
name: Kipfstuhl, Sepp
name: Freitag, Johannes
name: Meyer, Hanno
name: Laepple, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: In low-accumulation regions, the reliability of delta O-18-derived temperature signals from ice cores within the Holocene is unclear, primarily due to the small climate changes relative to the intrinsic noise of the isotopic signal. In order to learn about the representativity of single ice cores and to optimise future ice-core-based climate reconstructions, we studied the stable-water isotope composition of firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Analysing delta O-18 in two 50m long snow trenches allowed us to create an unprecedented, two-dimensional image characterising the isotopic variations from the centimetre to the 100-metre scale. Our results show seasonal layering of the isotopic composition but also high horizontal isotopic variability caused by local stratigraphic noise. Based on the horizontal and vertical structure of the isotopic variations, we derive a statistical noise model which successfully explains the trench data. The model further allows one to determine an upper bound for the reliability of climate reconstructions conducted in our study region at seasonal to annual resolution, depending on the number and the spacing of the cores taken.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 500
Coil-helix transition of polypeptide at water-lipid interface
Creators: name: Sharma, Ganga P.
name: Reshetnyak, Yana K.
name: Andreev, Oleg A.
name: Karbach, Michael
name: Müller, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present the exact solution of a microscopic statistical mechanical model for the transformation of a long polypeptide between an unstructured coil conformation and an $α$-helix conformation. The polypeptide is assumed to be adsorbed to the interface between a polar and a non-polar environment such as realized by water and the lipid bilayer of a membrane. The interfacial coil-helix transformation is the first stage in the folding process of helical membrane proteins. Depending on the values of model parameters, the conformation changes as a crossover, a discontinuous transition, or a continuous transition with helicity in the role of order parameter. Our model is constructed as a system of statistically interacting quasiparticles that are activated from the helix pseudo-vacuum. The particles represent links between adjacent residues in coil conformation that form a self-avoiding random walk in two dimensions. Explicit results are presented for helicity, entropy, heat capacity, and the average numbers and sizes of both coil and helix segments.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication by JSTAT
Compliant parallel robot with 6 DOF
Creators: name: Hesselbach, Jürgen
name: Raatz, Annika
Publisher: name: Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: compliant mechanism
subject: parallel structure
subject: flexure hinges
subject: pseudo-elastic single crystal CuAlNiFe
subject: micro assembly
subject: high precision robots
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In this paper a patented parallel structure1 will be presented in which conventional bearings are replaced by flexure hinges made of pseudo-elastic shape memory alloy. The robot has six degrees of freedom and was developed for micro assembly tasks. Laboratory tests made with the robot using conventional bearings have shown that the repeatability was only a couple of 1/100 mm instead of the theoretical resolution of the platform of < 1 pm. Especially the slip-stick effects of the bearings decreased the positional accuracy. Because flexure hinges gam their mobility only by a deformation of matter, no backlash, friction and slip-stick-effects exist in flexure hinges. For this reason the repeatability of robots can be increased by using flexure hinges. Joints with different degrees of freedom had to be replaced in the structure. This has been done by a combination of flexure hinges with one rotational degree of freedom. FEM simulations for different designs of the hinges have been made to calculate the possible maximal angular deflections. The assumed maximal deflection of 20° of the hinges restricts the workspace of the robot to 28x28 mm with no additional rotation of the working platform. The deviations between the kinematic behavior of the compliant parallel mechanism and its rigid body model can be simulated with the FEM.
Einsatz von Schmelzklebstoffen zur Montage von MEMS und MOEMS
Creators: name: Hemken, G.
name: Böhm, S.
name: Dilger, K.
name: Raatz, A.
name: Rathmann, S.
Publisher: name: Berlin [u.a.] : VDE-Verlag
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Mikrosystemtechnik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In diesem Beitrag werden die aktuellen Ergebnisse des Teilprojekts B8 aus dem SFB 516 „Konstruktion und Fertigung aktiver Mikrosysteme“ vorgestellt. Ziel dieses Teilprojektes ist, eine geeignete Verbindungstechnik auf Basis von nicht-viskosen Klebstoffsystemen (Schmelzklebstoffen) für MEMS und MOEMS zu entwickeln. Dabei wird von vorneherein auf die Automatisierbarkeit, die Prozessgeschwindigkeit, minimale Fügegeometrien und die Anwendbarkeit in einem Batchprozess geachtet. Die Herstellung von Schmelzklebstoffgeometrien im pl-Bereich sowie die Entwicklung von batchfähigen Applikationstechniken stehen dabei im Vordergrund dieses Beitrags. Des Weiteren wird ein automatisierter Montageprozess mit schmelzklebstoffbeschichteten Mikrobauteilen vorgestellt.
Blowfish Privacy: Tuning Privacy-Utility Trade-offs using Policies
Creators: name: He, Xi
name: Machanavajjhala, Ashwin
name: Ding, Bolin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Privacy definitions provide ways for trading-off the privacy of individuals in a statistical database for the utility of downstream analysis of the data. In this paper, we present Blowfish, a class of privacy definitions inspired by the Pufferfish framework, that provides a rich interface for this trade-off. In particular, we allow data publishers to extend differential privacy using a policy, which specifies (a) secrets, or information that must be kept secret, and (b) constraints that may be known about the data. While the secret specification allows increased utility by lessening protection for certain individual properties, the constraint specification provides added protection against an adversary who knows correlations in the data (arising from constraints). We formalize policies and present novel algorithms that can handle general specifications of sensitive information and certain count constraints. We show that there are reasonable policies under which our privacy mechanisms for k-means clustering, histograms and range queries introduce significantly lesser noise than their differentially private counterparts. We quantify the privacy-utility trade-offs for various policies analytically and empirically on real datasets.
description: Full version of the paper at SIGMOD'14 Snowbird, Utah USA
title: Estimating in situ zooplankton non-predation mortality in an oligo-mesotrophic lake from sediment trap data
title: caveats and reality check
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Dubovskaya, Olga P.
name: Tang, Kam W.
name: Gladyshev, Michail I.
name: Kirillin, Georgiy
name: Buseva, Zhanna
name: Kasprzak, Peter
name: Tolomeev, Aleksandr P.
name: Grossart, Hans-Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Background

Mortality is a main driver in zooplankton population biology but it is poorly constrained in models that describe zooplankton population dynamics, food web interactions and nutrient dynamics. Mortality due to non-predation factors is often ignored even though anecdotal evidence of non-predation mass mortality of zooplankton has been reported repeatedly. One way to estimate non-predation mortality rate is to measure the removal rate of carcasses, for which sinking is the primary removal mechanism especially in quiescent shallow water bodies.

Objectives and Results

We used sediment traps to quantify in situ carcass sinking velocity and non-predation mortality rate on eight consecutive days in 2013 for the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris in the oligo-mesotrophic Lake Stechlin; the outcomes were compared against estimates derived from in vitro carcass sinking velocity measurements and an empirical model correcting in vitro sinking velocity for turbulence resuspension and microbial decomposition of carcasses. Our results show that the latter two approaches produced unrealistically high mortality rates of 0.58-1.04 d(-1), whereas the sediment trap approach, when used properly, yielded a mortality rate estimate of 0.015 d(-1), which is more consistent with concurrent population abundance data and comparable to physiological death rate from the literature.

Ecological implications

Zooplankton carcasses may be exposed to water column microbes for days before entering the benthos; therefore, non-predation mortality affects not only zooplankton population dynamics but also microbial and benthic food webs. This would be particularly important for carbon and nitrogen cycles in systems where recurring mid-summer decline of zooplankton population due to non-predation mortality is observed.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 501
Additional file 1 of Effects of cutting and sowing seeds of native species on giant ragweed invasion and plant diversity in a field experiment
Creators: name: Chaeho Byun
name: Choi, Ho
name: Hojeong Kang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of species found in the experimental plots.
Rethinking the backbone architecture for tiny object detection
Creators: name: Ning, Jinlai
name: Guan, Haoyan
name: Spratling, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tiny object detection has become an active area of research because images with tiny targets are common in several important real-world scenarios. However, existing tiny object detection methods use standard deep neural networks as their backbone architecture. We argue that such backbones are inappropriate for detecting tiny objects as they are designed for the classification of larger objects, and do not have the spatial resolution to identify small targets. Specifically, such backbones use max-pooling or a large stride at early stages in the architecture. This produces lower resolution feature-maps that can be efficiently processed by subsequent layers. However, such low-resolution feature-maps do not contain information that can reliably discriminate tiny objects. To solve this problem we design 'bottom-heavy' versions of backbones that allocate more resources to processing higher-resolution features without introducing any additional computational burden overall. We also investigate if pre-training these backbones on images of appropriate size, using CIFAR100 and ImageNet32, can further improve performance on tiny object detection. Results on TinyPerson and WiderFace show that detectors with our proposed backbones achieve better results than the current state-of-the-art methods.
Valley-tunable, even-denominator fractional quantum Hall state in the lowest Landau level of an anisotropic system
Creators: name: Hossain, Md. Shafayat
name: Ma, M. K.
name: Chung, Y. J.
name: Singh, S. K.
name: Gupta, A.
name: West, K. W.
name: Baldwin, K. W.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: Winkler, R.
name: Shayegan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) at even-denominator Landau level filling factors ($ν$) are of prime interest as they are predicted to host exotic, topological states of matter. We report here the observation of a FQHS at $ν=1/2$ in a two-dimensional electron system of exceptionally high quality, confined to a wide AlAs quantum well, where the electrons can occupy multiple conduction-band valleys with an anisotropic effective mass. The anisotropy and multi-valley degree of freedom offer an unprecedented tunability of the $ν=1/2$ FQHS as we can control both the valley occupancy via the application of in-plane strain, and the ratio between the strengths of the short- and long-range Coulomb interaction by tilting the sample in the magnetic field to change the electron charge distribution. Thanks to this tunability, we observe phase transitions from a compressible Fermi liquid to an incompressible FQHS and then to an insulating phase as a function of tilt angle. We find that this evolution and the energy gap of the $ν=1/2$ FQHS depend strongly on valley occupancy.
A route to thermalization in the $α$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam system
Creators: name: Onorato, Miguel
name: Vozella, Lara
name: Proment, Davide
name: Lvov, Yuri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the original $α$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) system with $N=16,32$ and $64$ masses connected by a nonlinear quadratic spring. Our approach is based on resonant wave-wave interaction theory, i.e. we assume that, in the weakly nonlinear regime (the one in which Fermi was originally interested), the large time dynamics is ruled by exact resonances. After a detailed analysis of the $α$-FPU equation of motion, we find that the first non trivial resonances correspond to six-wave interactions. Those are precisely the interactions responsible for the thermalization of the energy in the spectrum. We predict that for small amplitude random waves the time scale of such interactions is extremely large and it is of the order of $1/ε^8$, where $ε$ is the small parameter in the system. The wave-wave interaction theory is not based on any threshold: equipartition is predicted for arbitrary small nonlinearity. Our results are supported by extensive numerical simulations. A key role in our finding is played by the {\it Umklapp} (flip over) resonant interactions, typical of discrete systems. The thermodynamic limit is also briefly discussed.
description: 5 pages
Additional file 1 of Prediction of mortality in metastatic colorectal cancer in a real-life population: a multicenter explorative analysis
Creators: name: Rumpold, Holger
name: Niedersüß-Beke, Dora
name: Heiler, Cordula
name: Falch, David
name: Wundsam, Helwig Valenting
name: Metz-Gercek, Sigrid
name: Piringer, Gudrun
name: Thaler, Josef
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Incremental Test Pattern Generation for structurally similar circuits
Creators: name: Joe, Jerin
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital electronic devices

description: The advancement of semiconductor technology has resulted in the development of devices that are fast, cost-effective, low-power, and high-performance. Many gates are integrated into smaller areas, resulting in increased complexity of digital circuits. Increased size and complexity result in a large number of faults, which increases the time taken to test the circuit. However, as the size of the digital designs increases, they also exhibit structural similarities. This thesis describes a test generation process that utilizes structural similarity to speed up the test generation process. The property of structural similarity can be seen in circuits that are subjected to engineering change order (ECO), circuits that are modified during place and route, circuits subjected to retiming, circuits with multiple cores. The goal is to determine the testability of a circuit (circuit2) given a test set for a structurally similar circuit (circuit1). This is achieved by transforming a test set generated for circuit1 into a test set for circuit2 without repeating the entire test generation process. The algorithm starts with a structural analysis of circuit1 and circuit2 that captures their structural properties using an integer-arithmetic based computation called signatures. The signatures are used to obtain a partial mapping between the inputs and outputs of the two circuits. The mapping is used for transforming test patterns for circuit1 into test patterns for circuit2. The first chapter looks into similar circuits obtained after modifying the gate-level netlist. In the next chapter, structurally similar circuits were obtained by modifying the RTL, and the gate-level was resynthesized. This chapter proposed a mapping methodology to accommodate the changes introduced during the resynthesis of a netlist. Lastly, the thesis described a test generation methodology where transition faults are considered, which required two-cycle tests to be detected.
title: Evolution of the selfing syndrome in Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae)
Creators: name: Tedder, Andrew
name: Carleial, Samuel
name: Gołębiewska, Martyna
name: Kappel, Christian
name: Shimizu, Kentaro K.
name: Stift, Marc
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Introduction

The transition from cross-fertilisation (outcrossing) to self-fertilisation (selfing) frequently coincides with changes towards a floral morphology that optimises self-pollination, the selfing syndrome. Population genetic studies have reported the existence of both outcrossing and selfing populations in Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae), which is an emerging model species for studying the molecular basis of perenniality and local adaptation. It is unknown whether its selfing populations have evolved a selfing syndrome.

Methods

Using macro-photography, microscopy and automated cell counting, we compared floral syndromes (size, herkogamy, pollen and ovule numbers) between three outcrossing populations from the Apuan Alps and three selfing populations from the Western and Central Alps (Maritime Alps and Dolomites). In addition, we genotyped the plants for 12 microsatellite loci to confirm previous measures of diversity and inbreeding coefficients based on allozymes, and performed Bayesian clustering.

Results and Discussion

Plants from the three selfing populations had markedly smaller flowers, less herkogamy and lower pollen production than plants from the three outcrossing populations, whereas pistil length and ovule number have remained constant. Compared to allozymes, microsatellite variation was higher, but revealed similar patterns of low diversity and high Fis in selfing populations. Bayesian clustering revealed two clusters. The first cluster contained the three outcrossing populations from the Apuan Alps, the second contained the three selfing populations from the Maritime Alps and Dolomites.

Conclusion

We conclude that in comparison to three outcrossing populations, three populations with high selfing rates are characterised by a flower morphology that is closer to the selfing syndrome. The presence of outcrossing and selfing floral syndromes within a single species will facilitate unravelling the genetic basis of the selfing syndrome, and addressing which selective forces drive its evolution.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 502
Exploring Theory Space with Monte Carlo Reweighting
Creators: name: Gainer, James S.
name: Lykken, Joseph
name: Matchev, Konstantin T.
name: Mrenna, Stephen
name: Park, Myeonghun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theories of new physics often involve a large number of unknown parameters which need to be scanned. Additionally, a putative signal in a particular channel may be due to a variety of distinct models of new physics. This makes experimental attempts to constrain the parameter space of motivated new physics models with a high degree of generality quite challenging. We describe how the reweighting of events may allow this challenge to be met, as fully simulated Monte Carlo samples generated for arbitrary benchmark models can be effectively re-used. In particular, we suggest procedures that allow more efficient collaboration between theorists and experimentalists in exploring large theory parameter spaces in a rigorous way at the LHC.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures. Corresponds to published version. Additional discussion of uncertainties vis-\`a-vis v1
Boosting capacitive blue-energy and desalination devices with waste heat
Creators: name: Janssen, Mathijs
name: Härtel, Andreas
name: van Roij, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that sustainably harvesting 'blue' energy from the spontaneous mixing process of fresh and salty water can be boosted by varying the water temperature during a capacitive mixing process. Our modified Poisson-Boltzmann calculations predict a strong temperature dependence of the electrostatic potential of a charged electrode in contact with an adjacent aqueous 1:1 electrolyte. We propose to exploit this dependence to boost the efficiency of capacitive blue engines, which are based on cyclically charging and discharging nanoporous supercapacitors immersed in salty and fresh water, respectively [D. Brogioli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 058501 (2009)]. We show that the energy output of blue engines can be increased by a factor of order two if warm (waste-heated) fresh water is mixed with cold sea water. Moreover, the underlying physics can also be used to optimize the reverse process of capacitive desalination of water.
The transmediator. From the cultural industries to the creative organisations
Creators: name: Halpern, Karine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: transmedia
design
facilitation
communication strategy

description: > Presentation in French with names, references, and visuals ("Le rôle de facilitateur.e en design transmédiatique : des industries culturelles aux organisations dites créatives"). > Intermediary results for the Ph.D thesis in process on transmedia design and the role of the transmediator (https://theses.fr/s263744). Internal use of the lab, DICEN IDF, september 2022. Rights are somehow reserved at this point since it is a work in progress and Open Science method is planned for 2024. Please mention @KarineHalpern
Geometrical aspects of jet quenching in JEWEL
Creators: name: Zapp, Korinna C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this publication the performance of the Monte Carlo event generator JEWEL in non-central heavy-ion collisions is investigated. JEWEL is a consistent perturbative framework for jet evolution in the presence of a dense medium. It yields a satisfactory description of a variety of jet observables in central collisions at the LHC, although so far with a simplistic model of the medium. Here, it is demonstrated that also jet measurements in non-central collisions, and in particular the dependence of the jet suppression on the angle relative to the reaction plane, are reproduced by the same model.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
title: Estimating along-track plasma drift speed from electron density measurements by the three Swarm satellites
Creators: name: Park, J.
name: Lühr, H.
name: Stolle, Claudia
name: Malhotra, G.
name: Baker, J. B. H.
name: Buchert, S.
name: Gill, R.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Plasma convection in the high-latitude ionosphere provides important information about magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling. In this study we estimate the along-track component of plasma convection within and around the polar cap, using electron density profiles measured by the three Swarm satellites. The velocity values estimated from the two different satellite pairs agree with each other. In both hemispheres the estimated velocity is generally anti-sunward, especially for higher speeds. The obtained velocity is in qualitative agreement with Super Dual Auroral Radar Network data. Our method can supplement currently available instruments for ionospheric plasma velocity measurements, especially in cases where these traditional instruments suffer from their inherent limitations. Also, the method can be generalized to other satellite constellations carrying electron density probes.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 503
Advanced Deep Learning Techniques for Image Classification of Plant Leaf Disease
Creators: name: Himanshu Sinha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description:     Plant diseases affect the quantity and quality of agricultural products, which ultimately lowers farmers' profits. Plant disease early identification is essential to raising agricultural output. Therefore, reducing the need for pesticides and crop loss requires early diagnosis of plant diseases. This work employs DL techniques to identify and classify various plant diseases in images. This study utilised the PlantVillage dataset, comprising 16,012 images of various plant diseases, to address these gaps. Extensive data pre-processing including. There was a 70% training set and a 30% testing set made from the dataset. The model showed great performance in disease categorisation, achieving high accuracy metrics throughout training and testing. Evaluation parameters included F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision, assessed through classification reports and confusion matrices. The Xception model showed high accuracy (95.31% in training and 94.60% in testing), precision (93.28% in training and 92.00% in testing), recall (95.25% in training and 94.61% in testing), and F1-score (93.79% in training and 92.64% in testing). Comparative analysis with base models indicated substantial improvements in performance metrics, underscoring an efficacy of a proposed model.
Additional file 1 of Synthesis and analysis of silver–copper alloy nanoparticles of different ratios manifest anticancer activity in breast cancer cells
Creators: name: Tamimi, Sara Al
name: Sarmadia Ashraf
name: Abdulrehman, Tahir
name: Aijaz Parray
name: Mansour, Said A.
name: Haik, Yousef
name: Qadri, Shahnaz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Lung cancer MTT assay. Figure S2. Annexin-V and PI staining in Lung cancer cells.
Payments for ecosystem services did not crowd out pro-environmental behavior: long-term experimental evidence from Uganda
Creators: name: De Laat, Joost
name: Engel, Stefanie
name: Vollan, Björn
name: Vorlaufer, Tobias
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023

description: Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are increasingly being implemented worldwide as conservation instruments that provide conditional economic incentives to landowners for a pre-specified duration. However, in the psychological and economic literature, critics have raised concerns that PES can undermine the recipient’s intrinsic motivation to engage in pro-environmental behavior. Such “crowding out” may reduce the effectiveness of PES, and may even worsen conservation outcomes once programs are terminated. In this study, we harnessed a randomized controlled trial that provided PES to land users in Western Uganda and evaluated whether these incentives had a persistent effect on pro-environmental behavior and its underlying behavioral drivers six years after the last payments were made. We elicited pro-environmental behavior with an incentivized, experimental measure that consisted of a choice for respondents between more and less environmentally friendly tree seedlings. In addition to this main outcome, survey-based measures for underlying behavioral drivers captured self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation, and perceived forest benefits.
Entanglement between Two Interacting CFTs and Generalized Holographic Entanglement Entropy
Creators: name: Mollabashi, Ali
name: Shiba, Noburo
name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss behaviors of entanglement entropy between two interacting CFTs and its holographic interpretation using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We explicitly perform analytical calculations of entanglement entropy between two free scalar field theories which are interacting with each other in both static and time-dependent ways. We also conjecture a holographic calculation of entanglement entropy between two interacting $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theories by introducing a minimal surface in the S$^5$ direction, instead of the AdS$_5$ direction. This offers a possible generalization of holographic entanglement entropy.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures, v2: typos corrected, references added, v3: a ref. + a clarification note about minimal surfaces added
Additional file 3 of Assessing timewise changes over 15 months in life-space mobility among community-dwelling elderly persons
Creators: name: Hayashi, Chisato
name: Tanaka, Haruka
name: Soshiro Ogata
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Spin-Flipping Half Vortex in a Macroscopic Polariton Spinor Ring Condensate
Creators: name: Liu, Gangqiang
name: Snoke, David W.
name: Daley, Andrew
name: Pfeiffer, Loren
name: West, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of vorticity in a macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensate of polaritons in a ring geometry. Because it is a spinor condensate, the elementary excitations are "half vortices" in which there is a phase rotation of $π$ in connection with a polarization vector rotation of $π$ around a closed path. This is clearly seen in the experimental observations of the polarization rotation around the ring. In the ring geometry, a new type of half vortex is allowed in which the handedness of the spin flips from one side of the ring to the other, in addition to the rotation of the linear polarization component; such a state is not allowed in a simply-connected geometry. Theoretical calculation of the energy of this state shows that when many-body interactions are taken into account, it is lower in energy than a simple half vortex. The direction of circulation of the flow around the ring fluctuates randomly between clockwise and counterclockwise from one shot to the next; this corresponds to spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the system. These new, macroscopic polariton ring condensates allow for the possibility of direct control of the vorticity of the condensate.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, including supplemental information; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) (2015)
MPEC 2023-E55 : 2020 FZ4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Additional file 4 of Analysis of body mass index, weight loss and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Creators: name: Jouneau, Stéphane
name: Crestani, Bruno
name: Thibault, Ronan
name: Lederlin, Mathieu
name: Vernhet, Laurent
name: Valenzuela, Claudia
name: Wijsenbeek, Marlies
name: Kreuter, Michael
name: Stansen, Wibke
name: Quaresma, Manuel
name: Cottin, Vincent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Supplemental Table 2. Outcomes in subgroups of patients by BMI below and at least the median at baseline.
Thin-shell bubbles and information loss problem in anti de Sitter background
Creators: name: Sasaki, Misao
name: Yeom, Dong-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the motion of thin-shell bubbles and their tunneling in anti de Sitter (AdS) background. We are interested in the case when the outside of a shell is a Schwarzschild-AdS space (false vacuum) and the inside of it is an AdS space with a lower vacuum energy (true vacuum). If a collapsing true vacuum bubble is created, classically it will form a Schwarzschild-AdS black hole. However, this collapsing bubble can tunnel to a bouncing bubble that moves out to spatial infinity. Then, although the classical causal structure of a collapsing true vacuum bubble has the singularity and the event horizon, quantum mechanically the wavefunction has support for a history without any singularity nor event horizon which is mediated by the non-perturbative, quantum tunneling effect. This may be regarded an explicit example that shows the unitarity of an asymptotic observer in AdS, while a classical observer who only follows the most probable history effectively lose information due to the formation of an event horizon.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Tunable beam displacer
Creators: name: Salazar-Serrano, Luis Jose
name: Valencia, Alejandra
name: Torres, Juan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the implementation of a tunable beam displacer, composed of a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) and two mirrors, that divides an initially polarized beam into two parallel beams whose separation can be continuously tuned. The two output beams are linearly polarized with either vertical or horizontal polarization and no optical path difference is introduced between them. The wavelength dependence of the device as well as the maximum separation between the beams achievable is limited mainly by the PBS characteristics.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
title: Estimating flood damage to railway infrastructure
title: the case study of the March River flood in 2006 at the Austrian Northern Railway
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kellermann, Patric
name: Schöbel, A.
name: Kundela, G.
name: Thieken, Annegret Henriette
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Models for estimating flood losses to infrastructure are rare and their reliability is seldom investigated although infrastructure losses might contribute considerably to the overall flood losses. In this paper, an empirical modelling approach for estimating direct structural flood damage to railway infrastructure and associated financial losses is presented. Via a combination of event data, i.e. photo-documented damage on the Northern Railway in Lower Austria caused by the March River flood in 2006, and simulated flood characteristics, i.e. water levels, flow velocities and combinations thereof, the correlations between physical flood impact parameters and damage occurred to the railway track were investigated and subsequently rendered into a damage model. After calibrating the loss estimation using recorded repair costs of the Austrian Federal Railways, the model was applied to three synthetic scenarios with return periods of 30, 100 and 300 years of March River flooding. Finally, the model results are compared to depth-damage-curve-based approaches for the infrastructure sector obtained from the Rhine Atlas damage model and the Damage Scanner model. The results of this case study indicate a good performance of our two-stage model approach. However, due to a lack of independent event and damage data, the model could not yet be validated. Future research in natural risk should focus on the development of event and damage documentation procedures to overcome this significant hurdle in flood damage modelling.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 504
Neural circuit models of Pavlovian first-order conditioning and second-order conditioning (SOC) in crickets from Independent operations of appetitive and aversive conditioning systems lead to simultaneous production of conflicting memories in an insect
Creators: name: Rahman, Sadniman
name: Terao, Kanta
name: Hashimoto, Kohei
name: Mizunami, Makoto
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Supplemental material.pdf