cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Petrology of the Upper Nounan - Worm Creek Sequence, Upper Cambrian Nounan and St. Charles Formations, Southeast Idaho
Creators: name: Wakeley, Lillian Donley
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: The upper member of the Nounan Formation and the Worm Creek Member of the St. Charles Formation, both late Cambrian in age, were studied in the Bear River Range and the Fish Creek Range in southeast Idaho. Lithology and sedimentary structures of these units were compared with characteristics of similar modern sediments and ancient rocks, to determine the environments of deposition and effects of diagenesis for the interval studied.
On the basis of widely traced marker horizons, the two-member interval is divided into three parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising the upper member of the Nounan Formation, and part 3 equal to the Worm Creek Member.
A marker of mixed-fossil lime packstone at the base of part 1 is overlain by mixed-fossil and lithiclast lime grainstones and cryptalgal boundstones. Sedimentary structures within these units suggest that part 1 was deposited in shallow subtidal and intertidal environments.
An oolitic lime and/or dolomite grainstone marks the base of part 2, and suggests shallow subtidal conditions. Part 2 is comprised of interbedded limestones and dolostones, with dolostone becoming predominant up section. The mixed-fossil, oolitic, and lithiclast packstones and grainstones, and cryptalgal boundstones of this part include sedimentary structures which indicate shallow, subtidal accumulation. The percentage of non-carbonate sand increases near the top of part 2, and sedimentary features suggest that water depth decreased slightly as terrigenous influx increased.
The base of part 3 (Worm Creek Member) is marked by sandstones and quartzites, cemented with carbonate minerals and/or quartz over-growths. Carbonate deposition resumed above these terrigenous units in the southern and central parts of the study area, while terrigenous sediments continued to accumulate in the north and northwest. This suggests that the source of terrigenous sand was north or northwest of the study area.
Radial-fibrous cement rims on carbonate grains indicate early subsea cementation in limestones. Dolomite in "birdseye" structures and in reworked lithiclasts, both in limestones, suggests that a minor amount of syngenetic dolomite formed, although there are no beds of primary dolomite.
Dolostone units do not have the sedimentary structures typical of supratidal environments of syngenetic dolomitization, and have the coarsely crystalline texture and other characteristics of secondary dolomite. Dolomitization in a zone of mixing of fresh water and sea water is a probable explanation of all dolostones in the sequence . Dolomite-embayed quartz and feldspar grains and overgrowths in some quartzites of part 3 suggest that dolomitization continued after lithification of some rock units.
Single Meson Production in Photon-Photon Collisions and Infrared Renormalons
Creators: name: Ahmadov, A. I.
name: Aydin, Coskun
name: Dadashov, E. A.
name: Nagiyev, Sh. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we investigate the contribution of the higher-twist Feynman diagrams to the large-$p_T$ inclusive single meson production cross section in photon-photon collisions and present the general formulas for the higher-twist differential cross sections in case of the running coupling and frozen coupling approaches. The structure of infrared renormalon singularities of the higher-twist subprocess cross section and the resummed expression (the Borel sum) for it are found. We compared the resummed higher-twist cross sections with the ones obtained in the framework of the frozen coupling approach and leading-twist cross section. We obtain, that ratio $R=(Σ_{M^{+}}^{HT})^{res}$ / $(Σ_{M^{+}}^{HT})^{0}$, for all values of the transverse momentum $p_{T}$ of the meson identically equivalent to ratio $r$=($Δ_{M}^{HT})^{res}$ / $(Δ_{M}^{HT})^{0}$. It is shown that the resummed result depends on the choice of the meson wave functions used in calculation. Phenomenological effects of the obtained results are discussed.
description: 45 pages, 33 figures, 4 tables
title: Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Frequency-Interacting RNA Helicase FRH
Creators: name: Johnson, Jacqueline M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: RNA is a molecular messenger of the cell, essential to many cellular pathways and processes. In order to maintain functionality, RNA is processed and modified by protein complexes such as the exosome and associated proteins. The exosome-mediated RNA processing or degradation both require a Ski-2 like helicase to function. One such helicase is the Frequency-interacting RNA Helicase (FRH), an essential RNA helicase from Neurospora Crassa. FRH is homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mtr4 from the Ski2-like family of RNA helicases. Sequence alignments between FRH and Ski2-like family helicases predicted FRH to share the helicase core domains and the inserted arch domain a characteristic of the Mtr4-like proteins in this protein family. FRH is also a main component of the circadian oscillation pathway in N. crassa. The participation of FRH in circadian oscillation is not a shared role across RNA helicases. FRH forms a link between two major cellular pathways providing a unique system to study RNA surveillance. Here we present the 3.51Å and 3.25Å crystal structures of FRH which supports structural prediction by maintaining the core architecture found in Ski2-like helicases. These similarities are accompanied by significant flexibility of the arch domain and revealed a unique homodimer. Other known Ski2-like helicases have not been observed to form dimers and function biologically as monomers. Furthermore, the initial characterization of helicase activity of FRH on a poly-adenylated RNA substrate is presented. Also explored is the evidence of a dimer through crosslinking and size exclusion chromatography assays.
title: The MH-2 Core from Project Hotspot: Description, Geologic Interpretation, and Significance to Geothermal Exploration in the Western Snake River Plain, Idaho
Creators: name: Varriale, Jerome A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: The MH-2 science drill hole, on Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, was drilled in 2012 to a total depth 1821 m as part of Project Hotspot. It encountered flowing artesian thermal water at 1,745 m below ground surface. This signature of a potential blind high temperature geothermal resource indicates that further analyses are needed to characterize the resource. Whole rock core was recovered to a total depth of 1821 m below ground surface and a suite of wireline logs collected. In this thesis I describe the lithologies represented in the core, correlate these lithologies to outcrop analogs, and identify and characterize petrophysical properties observable within the wireline logs, which represent fine-scale variations in stratigraphy, composition and/or alteration. The lithologies in the core are a series of basalts, brecciated and altered basalt, basaltic sands, carbonate-rich muds, and siliciclastic sediments. Basalt flows with evidence of increasing influence of an aqueous environment with time typify the lower half of core, whereas the upper half represents a period of diminished volcanism, lacustrine depositional environment, and a catastrophic water overflow event. The top of the core represents a resurgence of basaltic volcanism in the area. An overprint of brecciation at depth, fracturing, and secondary mineralization records the history of the geothermal system. All the elements of a relatively shallow and potentially energy generating geothermal resource are present at the MH-2 well location. These new data from the MH-2 borehole contributes to evaluating a parallel geothermal risk assessment of the Snake River Plain. Play fairway analysis was implemented for perhaps the first time in a geothermal regime. The Snake River Plain was divided up into three distinct play types; the area surrounding the Mountain Home Air Force Base was systematically identified as prospective. A region where sedimentary and altered rocks may create a seal, and blind faults create porosity in deep basalts.
Notes on Beilinson's "How to glue perverse sheaves"
Creators: name: Reich, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F99 (Primary) 18E25 (Secondary)

description: The titular, foundational work of Beilinson not only gives a technique for gluing perverse sheaves but also implicitly contains constructions of the nearby and vanishing cycles functors of perverse sheaves. These constructions are completely elementary and show that these functors preserve perversity and respect Verdier duality on perverse sheaves. The work also defines a new, "maximal extension" functor, which is left mysterious aside from its role in the gluing theorem. In these notes, we present the complete details of all of these constructions and theorems.
description: 22 pages
Bulk and surface switching in Mn-Fe-based Prussian Blue Analogues
Creators: name: Lummen, T. T. A.
name: Gengler, R. Y. N.
name: Rudolf, P.
name: Lusitani, F.
name: Vertelman, E. J. M.
name: van Koningsbruggen, P. J.
name: Knupfer, M.
name: Molodtsova, O.
name: Pireaux, J. -J.
name: van Loosdrecht, P. H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many Prussian Blue Analogues are known to show a thermally induced phase transition close to room temperature and a reversible, photo-induced phase transition at low temperatures. This work reports on magnetic measurements, X-ray photoemission and Raman spectroscopy on a particular class of these molecular heterobimetallic systems, specifically on Rb0.81Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.95_1.24H2O, Rb0.97Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.98_1.03H2O and Rb0.70Cu0.22Mn0.78[Fe(CN)6]0.86_2.05H2O, to investigate these transition phenomena both in the bulk of the material and at the sample surface. Results indicate a high degree of charge transfer in the bulk, while a substantially reduced conversion is found at the sample surface, even in case of a near perfect (Rb:Mn:Fe=1:1:1) stoichiometry. Thus, the intrinsic incompleteness of the charge transfer transition in these materials is found to be primarily due to surface reconstruction. Substitution of a large fraction of charge transfer active Mn ions by charge transfer inactive Cu ions leads to a proportional conversion reduction with respect to the maximum conversion that is still stoichiometrically possible and shows the charge transfer capability of metal centers to be quite robust upon inclusion of a neighboring impurity. Additionally, a 532 nm photo-induced metastable state, reminiscent of the high temperature Fe(III)Mn(II) ground state, is found at temperatures 50-100 K. The efficiency of photo-excitation to the metastable state is found to be maximized around 90 K. The photo-induced state is observed to relax to the low temperature Fe(II)Mn(III) ground state at a temperature of approximately 123 K.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
An electron paramagnetic resonance study of a manganese (IV) ion in a trigonal environment
Creators: name: Byfleet, Colin Russell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: An electron spin resonance study has been carried out at room temperature, on a magnetically dilute single crystal of ammonium 9-molybdomanganate. A general method for fitting E.S.R. results to a spin Hamiltonian has been devised, and the results of the above study have been used as an example of this method. The values of the parameters thus determined were⃒D⃒= 0.861 ± 0.001 cm⁻¹; g〟 = 1.9920 ± 0.0004 cm⁻¹; g⊥± = 1.9880 ± 0.0004 cm⁻¹;⃒A〟⃒= 0.00760 ± 0.00004 cm⁻¹;⃒A⊥⃒= 0.00684 ± 0.00004 cm⁻¹1. A review of previous theoretical calculations on d³ has been given, and a ligand field approach has been taken in an attempt to interpret the observed parameters. This was successful for the zero field splitting and hyperfine coupling constants, but not for the g-values. The experimental results from a study of an irradiated, single crystal of deuterated ammonium paramolybdate tetrahydrate have also been fitted to a suitable spin Hamiltonian. The principal axes of the g and A tensors were found not to be coincident, and a method for treating the experimental results in this situation has been given. This study showed that the doublet splitting observed earlier, in the E.S.R. spectrum of the irradiated, undeuterated compound, was most probably due to a captured proton. An interpretation of the observed g-values and hyperfine coupling constants has been given, using a molecular orbital approach.
Coupling between cold dark matter and dark energy from neutrino mass experiments
Creators: name: Kristiansen, J. R.
name: La Vacca, G.
name: Colombo, L. P. L.
name: Mainini, R.
name: Bonometto, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider cosmological models with dynamical dark energy (dDE) coupled to cold dark matter (CDM), while simultaneously allowing neutrinos to be massive. Using a MCMC approach, we compare these models with a wide range of cosmological data sets. We find a strong correlation between this coupling strength and the neutrino mass. This correlation persists when BAO data are included in the analysis. We add then priors on $ν$ mass from particle experiments. The claimed detection of $ν$ mass from the Heidelberg-Moscow neutrinoless double--$β$ decay experiment would imply a 7--$8 σ$ detection of CDM-DE coupling. Similarly, the detection of $ν$ mass from coming KATRIN tritium $β$ decay experiment will imply a safe detection of a coupling in the dark sector. Previous attempts to accommodate cosmic phenomenology with such possible $ν$ mass data made recourse to a $w < -1$ eoS. We compare such an option with the coupling option and find that the latter allows a drastic improvement.
description: 12 pages, accepted for publication in New Astronomy
title: Quiet Power A History of James Grey Willie
Creators: name: Stephens, Doug R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1985

description: The purpose of this work has been to provide a working biography on the life of James Grey Willie for the field of history, and also to provide a useful and meaningful volume for the James Willie descendants. The work covers James' life from its beginnings in England in 1814, to his death in Mendon, Utah, in 1895. It covers the surviving traces that exist on his life, with the notable accomplishments of Pastor in the Mormon mission field in England (1853-1856), and Bishop of the Salt Lake City Seventh Ward between 1856 and 1859, with major emphasis on his most famous deed, that of captain of the ill-fated handcart company of 1856.
Prolonging assembly through dissociation:A self assembly paradigm in microtubules
Creators: name: Sumedha
name: Hagan, Michael F
name: Chakraborty, Bulbul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a one-dimensional model of microtubule assembly/disassembly in which GTP bound to tubulins within the microtubule undergoes stochastic hydrolysis. In contrast to models that only consider a cap of GTP-bound tubulin, stochastic hydrolysis allows GTP-bound tubulin remnants to exist within the microtubule. We find that these buried GTP remnants enable an alternative mechanism of recovery from shrinkage, and enhances fluctuations of filament lengths. Under conditions for which this alternative mechanism dominates, an increasing depolymerization rate leads to a decrease in dissociation rate and thus a net increase in assembly.
description: accepted for publication in Physical Review E
New insights into the neutron electric dipole moment
Creators: name: Ottnad, K.
name: Kubis, B.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
name: Guo, F. -K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the CP-violating electric dipole form factor of the nucleon in the framework of covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory. We give a new upper bound on the vacuum angle, |θ_0| \lesssim 2.5 \cdot 10^{-10}. The quark mass dependence of the electric dipole moment is discussed and compared to lattice QCD data. We also perform the matching between its representations in the three- and two-flavor theories.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, version published in Phys. Lett. B
title: Winter Ecological Energetics of Blue Grouse
Creators: name: Pekins, Peter Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1988

description: This study investigated relationships between blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) winter habitat and blue grouse adaptive strategies and overwinter survival. Blue grouse metabolism, physical characteristics of use-trees and roost sites , microclimatic parameters at roost sites, daily winter energy costs, and specific energy-saving behaviors were studied. Blue grouse have a relatively low standard metabolic rate (SMR; 0.835 ml o2 · g-1 · hr-1) and lower critical temperature in comparison to other northern tetraonids . Metabolic rate did not significantly increase from -5 to -20 C. Ambient temperature (Tal and the square root of wind speed were significantly correlated with metabolic rate.
Blue grouse selectively roosted in the largest Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and subalpine firs (~ lasiocaroa) during the day and night, respectively. All roost sites were typically adjacent to tree trunks in the lower 2/3 of trees . Nocturnal roosts provided greater canopy coverage and were located in continuous stands more often than diurnal roosts . Wind speeds were reduced by 63 and 85% at diurnal and nocturnal roosts, respectively. Douglas-firs provided exposure to solar radiation , protection from wind, and a food source during the day. Subalpine firs increased protection from the wind and provided near maximum canopy coverage at night. Nocturnal subalpine roost sites provided a 10% net energy savings in comparison to diurnal Douglas-fir roost sites. The average T a at the study area was with in the thermoneutral zone of blue grouse.
The average field metabolic rate (FMR) of blue grouse measured with doubly-labeled water was about 1.4 times SMA, and was not influenced by weather. The proportion of FMR due to basal metabolism was twice that commonly assumed for other species, indicating the importance of microhabitat selection and relative inactivity by blue grouse in minimizing energy costs . Other energy saving behaviors included sunning , snow roosting, and walking uphill instead of flying. FMR measures (657 kJ·d-1) were within 12% of the energy costs estimated from average microclimatic values, and within 5% of the energy assimilation by captive blue grouse.
Habitat selection by blue grouse, particularly microhabitat selection of roost sites , reflects active choices designed to minimize energy costs imposed by winter weather. This selection indicates the importance of Douglas-fir and subalpine fir for overwinter survival.
title: Sons of a Trackless Forest: The Cumberland Long Hunters of the Eighteenth Century
Creators: name: Baker, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: For much of America's history, a certain fascination has existed in American culture with the lifestyle of the woodsman who made the hardwood wilderness his home. over time this fascination has given birth to a collection of romantic traits firmly identified with such a frontiersman.
The requirements for survival in a deep wilderness forced the pre-American Revolution era woodsman turned long hunter, to be "Indian," to demonstrate a high level of marksmanship, and ultimately to draw most of his needs from the bounty of the forest. Such requirements tended to promote the popular conceptions surrounding the eastern frontiersman. Looking beyond those legendary traits, though, such a lifestyle was often an uphill path made only steeper by a rather monotonous diet, days spent in endless and mundane labor, and the threat of perpetual warfare born of political forces beyond his control.
title: Burning, Flaming and Herbicides for Control of Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host.)
Creators: name: Willis, Blake D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1990

description: Winter wheat stubble and dried plant residue in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields were burned in the fall and spring to evaluate effects on jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host.) seed survival and germination. Laboratory studies were also conducted to determine minimum temperatures and heat duration needed to reduce jointed goatgrass seed viability. Maximum air temperatures attained during various field burns reached from 74 C to over 700 C. Temperatures 2.5 em above the soil surface remained above 400 C for over 10 seconds and above 600 C for 2 to 8 seconds in burning CRP stubble. Results for the winter wheat stubble location were similar with temperatures sustained above 400 C for over 30 seconds.
Seed exposure in the lab to 400 and 600 C flames for 1 second reduced germination to 20 and 15 percent, respectively. Germination was reduced to zero with exposures of 10 seconds or more. Oven temperatures of 150 C reduced germination to 85, 57.5, 17.5, 0 and 0 percent for exposures of 20, 30, 60, 120 and 300 seconds, respectively. At 275 C oven temperature germinability dropped to 50% after a 10 second exposure and 0% after a 20 second exposure.
Jointed goatgrass plant populations were reduced 54 to 92% after field burning in the spring or fall. Fall burning provided 70 to 85% control of goatgrass the following spring. In non-burned non-disked plots over 90% of emerging plants germinated from seeds on the soil surface. In burned non-disked plots few seeds germinated from on the surface, with 80 to 90 percent of surviving plants having germinated from buried seed.
Herbicides provided limited control of jointed goatgrass. None of the herbicides provided greater than 50% control.
A Multi-Objective Genetic Programming Algorithm With α Dominance and Archive for Uncertain Capacitated Arc Routing Problem
Creators: name: Wang, Shaolin
name: Mei, Yi
name: Zhang, Mengjie
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4609
subject: Information systems
classificationCode: 460306
subject: Image processing
classificationCode: 4009
subject: Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
classificationCode: 4008
subject: Electrical engineering
classificationCode: 4602
subject: Artificial intelligence
classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: The uncertain capacitated arc routing problem (UCARP) is an important combinatorial optimization problem with many applications in the real world. Genetic programming hyper-heuristic has been successfully used to automatically evolve routing policies, which can make real-time routing decisions for UCARPs. It is desired to evolve routing policies that are both effective and small/simple to be easily understood. The effectiveness and size are two potentially conflicting objectives. A further challenge is the objective selection bias issue, i.e., it is much more likely to obtain small but ineffective routing policies than the effective ones that are typically large. In this article, we propose a new multiobjective genetic programming algorithm to evolve effective and small routing policies. The new algorithm employs the α dominance strategy with a newly proposed α adaptation scheme to address the objective selection bias issue. In addition, it contains a new archive strategy to prevent the loss of promising individuals due to the rotation of training instances. The experimental results showed that the newly proposed algorithm can evolve significantly better routing policies than the current state-of-the-art algorithms for UCARP in terms of both effectiveness and size. We have also analyzed the evolved routing policies to show better interpretability.
Separability criteria for genuine multiparticle entanglement
Creators: name: Gühne, Otfried
name: Seevinck, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to derive separability criteria for the different classes of multiparticle entanglement, especially genuine multiparticle entanglement. The resulting criteria are necessary and sufficient for certain families of states. Further, the criteria are superior to all known entanglement criteria for many other families; also they allow the detection of bound entanglement. We next demonstrate that they are easily implementable in experiments and discuss applications to the decoherence of multiparticle entangled states.
description: five pages, one figure, v4: final version plus a remark on arXiv:0912.1870
Conformational studies of furanosyl fluorides by proton and fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Creators: name: Steiner, Paul Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Proton and fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the favoured forms of several furanosyl fluorides. The low energy barrier to pseudo-rotation in these systems precludes the assignment of only one favoured conformation for each molecule. A systematic study of five membered ring sugar conformations was undertaken by examining three types of systems, varying from a relatively rigid molecule involving three fused rings, to more flexible molecules involving a "free" furanosyl fluoride ring. The spectral assignment was greatly facilitated by heteronuclear fluorine decoupling and computer analysis. 5-fluoro-3,6-anhydro-α-L-idofuranose was synthesized in good yield from several precursors and the molecule's furanose ring conformation of ₂T³was assigned on the basis of vicinal ¹H-¹H coupling constants. Using the values for vicinal ¹H- ¹⁹F couplings obtained from this molecule, together with data from other workers, a partial Karplus type curve was constructed relating vicinal ¹H- ¹⁹F couplings to dihedral angles. This curve - which was found to be more asymmetric than the Karplus relationship for vicinal ¹H-¹H couplings - was then used, together with the known Karplus curve for vicinal ¹H-¹H couplings, to determine the conformations of the triester furanosyl fluorides of ribose, arabinose and xylose. Assuming pure sp³ hybridization and maximum ring puckering, the conformations for most of the sugars studied were found to involve the displacement of C₂ and/or C₃ positions out of the plane of the ring formed by the other atoms. The conformation for α-fluoro-ribo-furanosyl triester ( ₃T⁴ ) was found to be different than that of the β-fluoro-ribofuranosyl triester (₃T⁴). A significant and apparently stereospecific long-range ⁴J[subscript H].₄,F coupling through oxygen of ca. 6.5 Hz, is observed when H₄ and F are in a trans arrangement, while a much smaller coupling for ⁴J[subscript H].₄,F of ca. 1.0 Hz. is observed when these two nuclei are in a cis or approximately "planar M" arrangement. On the other hand, ⁴J[subscript H].₃,F couplings were found to have a value of ca. 2.2 Hz. in the cis or "planar M" geometry, while in the trans geometry, ⁴J[subscript H].₄,F is ca. 0.5 Hz.
title: Engineering of Polyketide Biosynthetic Pathways for Bioactive Molecules
Creators: name: Wang, Siyuan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Polyketides are a large group of structurally diverse natural products that have shown a variety of biological activities. These molecules are synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKSs). PKSs are classified into three types based on their sequence, primary structure, and catalytic mechanism. Because of the bioactivities of polyketide natural products, this study is focused on the engineering of PKS pathways for efficient production of useful bioactive molecules or structural modification to create new molecules for drug development.
One goal of this research is to create an efficient method to produce pharmaceutically important molecules. Seven biosynthetic genes from plants and bacteria were used to establish a variety of complete biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli to make valuable plant natural products, including four phenylpropanoid acids, three bioactive natural stilbenoids, and three natural curcuminoids. A curcumin analog dicafferolmethane was synthesized by removing a methyltransferase from the curcumin biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, introduction of a fungal flavin-dependent halogenase into the resveratrol biosynthetic pathway yielded a novel chlorinated molecule 2-chloro-resveratrol. This demonstrated that biosynthetic enzymes from different sources can be recombined like legos to make various plant natural products, which is more efficient (2-3 days) than traditional extraction from plants (months to years). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme involved in the first biosynthetic step of some plant phenylpropanoids. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of curcuminoids, a novel and efficient visible reporter assay was established for screening of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) efficiency in Escherichia coli.
The other goal of this research is to characterize and engineer natural product biosynthetic pathways for new bioactive molecules. The biosynthetic gene cluster of the antibacterial compound dutomycin was discovered from Streptomyces minoensis NRRL B-5482 through genome sequencing. Confirmation of the involvement of this gene cluster in dutomycin biosynthesis and creation of a series of new molecules were successfully conducted by rationally modifying the biosynthetic pathway. More importantly, a new demethylated analog of dutomycin was found to have much higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Poisson deformations of affine symplectic varieties II
Creators: name: Namikawa, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B07, 14M15, 14E30, 14J17, 17B45

description: This is a continuation of math.AG/0609741. Let Y be an affine symplectic variety with a C^*-action with positive weights, and let π: X -> Y be its crepant resolution. Then πinduces a natural map PDef(X) -> PDef(Y) of Kuranishi spaces for the Poisson deformations of X and Y. In the Part I, we proved that PDef(X) and PDef(Y) are both non-singular, and this map is a finite surjective map. In this paper (Part II), we prove that it is a Galois covering. Markman already obtained a similar result in the compact case, which was a motivation of this paper. As an application, we shall construct explicitly the universal Poisson deformation of the normalization \tilde{O} of a nilpotent orbit closure \bar{O} in a complex simple Lie algebra when \tilde{O} has a crepant resolution.
description: Final version, 31 page, to appear in Nagata memorial issue of Kyoto Journal of Mathematics
title: Evapotranspiration Estimation: A Study of Methods in the Western United States
Creators: name: Lewis, Clayton S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: This research focused on estimating evapotranspiration (i.e., the amount of water vaporizing into the atmosphere through processes of surface evaporation and plant transpiration) under both theoretical and actual conditions. There were two study areas involved: one, on a large scale where 704 agriculturally-representative, electronic weather stations were used to evaluate the drivers and calculated reference evapotranspiration of a NASA gridded weather forcing model in the 17 western states in the contiguous U.S.; and two, transpiration of invasive saltcedar (Tamarix sp.) in the floodplain of the lower Colorado River, California, with Bowen ratio, eddy covariance, and groundwater fluxes. In this study, a fire destroyed the saltcedar forest, which allowed comparison of evapotranspiration before and after\ this event
Comparison of the input weather parameters showed some variance between the electronic weather stations and the gridded model, but calculated reference evapotranspiration performed well by relying on the better input and more highly weighed variables of air temperature and downward shortwave radiation. Only in the southern portions of California, Arizona, and New Mexico were the evapotranspiration estimates using the gridded dataset not well correlated with the electronic weather stations and not recommended for prediction. Saltcedar evapotranspiration was found to match more recent and conservative estimates for the phreatophyte than what was historically portrayed in the literature. Horizontal advection from the surrounding desert was also observed to affect the riparian energy balance. Annual average total evapotranspiration before a fire varied from 0.60-1.44 meters/year to 0.25-1.00 meters/year post fire.
E7(7) invariant Lagrangian of d=4 N=8 supergravity
Creators: name: Hillmann, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an E7(7) invariant Lagrangian that leads to the equations of motion of d=4 N=8 supergravity without using Lagrange multipliers. The superinvariance of this new action and the closure of the supersymmetry algebra are proved explicitly for the terms that differ from the Cremmer--Julia formulation. Since the diffeomorphism symmetry is not realized in the standard way on the vector fields, we switch to the Hamiltonian formulation in order to prove the invariance of the E7(7) invariant action under general coordinate transformations. We also construct the conserved E7(7)-Noether current of maximal supergravity and we conclude with comments on the implications of this manifest off-shell E7(7)-symmetry for quantizing d=4 N=8 supergravity, in particular on the E7(7)-action on phase space.
description: 45 pages, references added
Magnetic excitations in ferro-pnictide materials controlled by a quantum critical point into hidden order
Creators: name: Rodriguez, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-orbital J1-J2 model that describes a square lattice of frustrated spin-1 iron atoms is analyzed within the linear spin-wave approximation and by exact diagonalization over a 4x4 cluster. A quantum critical point (QCP) is identified that separates hidden magnetic order at weak Hund's rule coupling from a commensurate spins density wave (cSDW) at strong Hund's rule coupling. Although the moment for cSDW order is small at the QCP, the critical linear spin-wave spectrum shows strong low-energy excitations centered at the wavenumbers that correspond to cSDW order. These disperse anisotropically. A fit to the magnetic excitation spectrum of ferro-pnictide materials obtained recently by inelastic neutron scattering measurements notably accounts for the absence of softening at the wavenumber that corresponds to Neel order.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, added discussion on doping, published version
title: Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar Observations at USU's Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (Logan,UT) - Temperature Climatology, Temperature Comparisons with MSIS, and Noctilucent Clouds
Creators: name: Herron, Joshua P.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: The Earth's atmosphere is typically characterized by its temperature structure, which naturally divides the atmosphere into several discrete regions. They are in order of increasing altitude the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The first layer and a large portion of the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere are routinely measured via weather balloons that are launched twice daily around the globe. Satellites and their development have motivated the study of the thermosphere. It is the middle region of the Earth atmosphere, which is mainly composed of the mesosphere that lacks routine in situ measurements. Routine observations are therefore carried out via remote sensing. Ground-based instruments typically provide high resolution measurements of the atmosphere over a single point on the globe and space-based instrument capture a global picture at lower resolution.
A Rayleigh-scatter lidar has been in operation at Utah State University ( 41 . 7°N III .8°N) starting in September 1993. Observations have continued from that point until the present when funding and observing conditions have permitted. Under normal observational conditions the backscattered photons are proportional to the atmospheric density. These relative density profiles can be used to derive absolute temperature profiles over much of the middle atmosphere. The resulting II years of temperature profiles have been combined into a single composite year which contains - 900 nights and - 5000 hours of observations. This climatology was compared to the mid-latitude climatology from the French lidar group at Haute Provence and relatively good agreement was obtained. It was also compared to the NRL MSIS empirical model to explore the model's validity at mid-latitudes. Some significant differences were found.
The coldest atmospheric temperatures are found at the mesopause near the summer solstice. Small ice crystals formed in this region and can grow to form noctilucent clouds (NLC) which are the highest naturally occurring clouds in the atmosphere. Previously, NLC observations have been limited to the region poleward of so• but NLCs have been observed with the ALO lidar on two occasions. Their formation has been attributed to atmospheric dynamics, a large amplitude wave, rather than a general cooling of the atmosphere.
Learning emergency medical dispatch policies via genetic programming
Creators: name: MacLachlan, Jordan
name: Mei, Yi
name: Zhang, Fangfang
name: Zhang, Mengjie
name: Signal, Jessica
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences
classificationCode: 4605
subject: Data management and data science

description: Of great value to modern municipalities is the task of emergency medical response in the community. Resource allocation is vital to ensure minimal response times, which we may perform via human experts or automate by maximising ambulance coverage. To combat black-box modelling, we propose a modularised Genetic Programming Hyper Heuristic framework to learn the five key decisions of Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) within a reactive decision-making process. We minimise the representational distance between our work and reality by working with our local ambulance service to design a set of heuristics approximating their current decision-making processes and a set of synthetic datasets influenced by existing patterns in practice. Through our modularised framework, we learn each decision independently to identify those most valuable to EMD and learn all five decisions simultaneously, improving performance by 69% on the largest novel dataset. We analyse the decision-making logic behind several learned rules to further improve our understanding of EMD. For example, we find that emergency urgency is not necessarily considered when dispatching idle ambulances in favour of maximising fleet availability.
title: Lidar Observations of Oscillations in the Middle Atmosphere
Creators: name: Nelson, Karen L. M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: The three major types of oscillations in the atmosphere are gravity waves, planetary waves, and tides. Identifying planetary waves and tides in nighttime-only lid are data is a challenge. The Lomb-Scargle method offers a possible solution to this problem, although aliasing is still a problem when tides are present in the data. The method has been applied to mesospheric Rayle high-scalier lidar temperature data taken at the Utah State University Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (ALO). This analysis is greatly enhanced by the length and completeness of the data set available through ALO, especially with regard to the identification of planetary waves.
The data analyzed are in seven sets from five different months. This gives a good sampling of each season, with the possible exception of winter. All three types of waves have been identified in the data. The results agree with predictions of seasonal variations in gravity and planetary wave activity. There are two examples of possible wave-wave interactions and/or filtering of tides by the mesospheric jet.
Distributional and classical solutions to the Cauchy Boltzmann problem for soft potentials with integrable angular cross section
Creators: name: Alonso, Ricardo J.
name: Gamba, Irene M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76P05, 35D05

description: This paper focuses on the study of existence and uniqueness of distributional and classical solutions to the Cauchy Boltzmann problem for the soft potential case assuming $S^{n-1}$ integrability of the angular part of the collision kernel (Grad cut-off assumption). For this purpose we revisit the Kaniel--Shinbrot iteration technique to present an elementary proof of existence and uniqueness results that includes large data near a local Maxwellian regime with possibly infinite initial mass. We study the propagation of regularity using a recent estimate for the positive collision operator given in [3], by E. Carneiro and the authors, that permits to study such propagation without additional conditions on the collision kernel. Finally, an $L^{p}$-stability result (with $1\leq p\leq\infty$) is presented assuming the aforementioned condition.
description: 19 pages
IMPORTANCE OF GLUCOSE IN MEDICINE
Creators: name: Makhmudov Sultan Obit ugli, Assistant teacher of Bukhara state medicine institute, medical chemistry department
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Glucose is a simple, non-hydrolyzable, carbohydrate and is a source of energy for the body. If it increases or decreases in the body, it causes various diseases. Hyperglycemia is a condition characterized by an increase in the amount of glucose in the blood in the body. It is caused by too many carbohydrates entering the blood or their insufficient absorption by the cells. This is caused by physiological (a large consumption of carbohydrates) and pathological (diabetes, mental illnesses, brain tumors, etc.) conditions. A doctor's test is required to maintain the normal level of glucose. The patient lies still for 12 hours, and then drinks a solution containing glucose. A blood sample is taken immediately, then every 30 minutes for 2 hours, and then every hour for a total of 5 hours. If the amount of glucose in the blood exceeds 200 mg/l and is high for a long time, then hyperglycemia is diagnosed. The disease that causes hyperglycemia is diabetes. This disease occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. In the diagnosis of diabetes, there are two types of symptoms.
Impact of squark generation mixing on the search for gluinos at LHC
Creators: name: Bartl, A.
name: Hidaka, K.
name: Hohenwarter-Sodek, K.
name: Kernreiter, T.
name: Majerotto, W.
name: Porod, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study gluino decays in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with squark generation mixing. We show that the effect of this mixing on the gluino decay branching ratios can be very large in a significant part of the MSSM parameter space despite the very strong experimental constraints on quark flavour violation (QFV) from B meson observables. Especially we find that under favourable conditions the branching ratio of the the QFV gluino decay gluino -> c bar{t} (bar{c} t) + neutralino_1 can be as large as about 50%. We also find that the squark generation mixing can result in a multiple-edge (3- or 4-edge) structure in the charm-top quark invariant mass distribution. The appearance of this remarkable structure provides an additional powerful test of supersymmetric QFV at LHC. These could have an important impact on the search for gluinos and the determination of the MSSM parameters at LHC.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, close to the published version
title: Studies of Mid-latitude Mesospheric Temperature Variability and Its Relationship to Gravity Waves, Tides, and Planetary Waves
Creators: name: Beissner, Kenneth C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1997

description: Temperature observations of the middle atmosphere have been carried out from September 1993 through July 1995 using a Rayleigh backscatter lidar located at Utah State University (42°N, 111°W). Data have been analyzed to obtain absolute temperature profiles from 40 to 90 km. Various sources of error were reviewed in order to ensure the quality of the measurements. This included conducting a detailed examination of the data reduction procedure, integration methods, and averaging techniques. eliminating errors of 1-3%. The temperature structure climatology has been compared with several other mid-latitude data sets. including those from the French lidars, the SME spacecraft, the sodium lidars at Ft. Collins and Urbana, the MSISe90 model, and a high-latitude composite set from Andenes, Norway. In general, good agreement occurs at mid-latitudes, but areas of disagreement do exist. Among these, the Ctah temperatures are significantly warmer than the MSJSe90 temperatures above approximately 80 km, they are lower below 80 km than any of the others in summer, they show major year-to-year variability in the winter profiles, and they differ from the sodium lidar data at the altitudes where the temperature profiles should overlap. Also, comparisons between observations and a physics based global circulation model, the TIME-GCM, were conducted for a mid-latitude site. A photo-chemical model was developed to predict airglow intensity of OH based on output from the TIME-GCM. Many discrepancies between the model and observations were found , including a modeled summer mesopause too high , a stronger summer inversion not normally observed by lidar, a fall-spring asymmetry in the OH winds and lidar temperatures but not reproduced in the TIME-GCM equinoctial periods, larger winter seasonal wind tide than observed by the FPl, and a failure of the model to reverse the summenime mesospheric jet. It is our conclusion these discrepancies are due to a gravity wave parameterization in the model that is too weak and an increase will effectively align the model calculations with our observations.