Phanerotoma nigriscapulata Kittel & Austin 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kittel, Rebecca N.
name: Austin, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Phanerotoma
Phanerotoma nigriscapulata

description: Phanerotoma nigriscapulata sp. nov.
(Figures 13a – d, 16)
Description
Body measurements. Length of body 2.15 – 4.0 mm females, 2.4 – 4.1 mm males; ratio of antenna to body 0.6 in females, 0.76 – 0.86 in males; ratio of length of fore wing to body 0.9 in females, 0.8 in males; ratio of length of metasoma to mesosoma 1.0 – 1.2.
Head. Ratio of length of third antennomere to fourth 1.0 – 1.4; ratio of length of third, fourth, penultimate and terminal antennomere 2.5 – 3.6, 2.0 – 3.2, 1.3 – 2.0 and 2.0 – 2.7 times their width, respectively; ratio of length of eye in dorsal view to length of temple 2.5 – 2.7; ratio of width of face in anterior view to its height 1.6 – 1.8; ratio of width of clypeus to its height 1.5 – 1.9; clypeus with two teeth; ratio of length of malar space to base of mandible 0.8 – 1.4 in females, 0.5 – 0.8 in males; face, vertex and frons rugose; ratio posterior ocelli:LOL:POL:OOL 1.0:0.6 – 1.3:0.6 – 1.2:2.0 – 3.0.
Mesosoma. Middle lobe of mesoscutum rugose; notauli absent; mesoscutellum rugose; mesopleuron rugose; precoxal sulcus present; ratio of height of mesosoma to its length 1.8 – 2.0; propodeal tubercles present but small; blister on mid tibia present; ratio of length of hind tibia to hind tarsus 1.0 – 1.1; ratio of length of posterior spur to length of basal tarsus 0.4 – 0.5; ratio of hind coxa, hind femur, hind tibia and hind tarsus 2.4 – 2.5, 3.3 – 4.4, 4.0 – 5.0 and 13.0 – 18.0 times their width, respectively; fore wing: 2-R1 absent; ratio of length of 1-R1 to length of pterostigma 1.0 – 1.2; ratio of width of pterostigma to its length 3.0 – 3.6; ratio r:3-SR:SR-1:r-m 1.0:0.6 – 1.4:5.5:0.8 – 1.3; 1-SR+M emanating from base of parastigma; 2-SR+M interstitial or postfurcal.
Metasoma. Shape of metasoma oval in dorsal view; ratio of width of metasoma to its length 0.6; carapace flat in lateral view; ratio of keel to length of metasoma 0.15 – 0.2; carapace longitudinal sculptured; both sutures straight; posterior end of carapace not indented; ratio of the three metasomal tergites 1.0:0.9 – 1.0:1.2.
Colour. Head orange with reddish brown face and temple; antenna brown; interocellar area dark; metasoma dark reddish brown; with middle lobe of mesoscutum dark orange; first tergite of carapace beige, second and third gradually darker, reddish brown; wing venation, parastigma and pterostigma brown.
Diagnosis
This species differs from all other species by not having an indented carapace on the posterior end, in its sculpturing, and by having a unique colour pattern where the scapula is black and the mesoscutum is light brown forming an ‘ M ’.
Specimens examined
Holotype, Australia (South Australia): 1 ♀, “ 27 October 2010, Bon Bon Station, 30° 25 ʹ 29 ″ S, 135°28 ʹ 41 ″ E, R. Kittel, LT ” (SAM). Paratypes, Australia (Northern Territory): 1 ♂, 30 km NWbyW of Alice Springs, 23.35°S, 133.38°E, 7 October 1978, J.C. Cardale, ex ethanol (ANIC); 1 ♀, Mt Weht, Soudan, Narkly Tableland, 17 August 1960, E.M. Exley (QM); South Australia: 1 ♀, Waite Campus, Arboretum, UofA, Urrbrae, 1 – 20.March 2002, N. Stevens (WINC); 1 ♀, Bon Bon Stn, 30°25 ʹ 29 ″ S, 135°28 ʹ 41 ″ E, 26 October 2010, S. Mantel, LT; Bush Blitz survey SM164 under Acacia aneura (SAM); Western Australia: 1 ♀, Capel, Bussell Hwy, 33°33.323'S, 115°33.073'E, 31 October 2011, G. Taylor (WINC); 1 ♀, 60 km W Esperance, South Coast Hwy, Lort River Bridge, 33°44.630'S, 121°15.375'E, 6 November 2011, G. Taylor, Swept Acacia sp. (WINC); 2 ♀♀, 5 km SE of Tambellup, Toolbrunup Rd, 34°04.301'S, 117°40.789'E, 10 November 2011, R. Kittel and L. Krieger sweeping (WAM SF 008307 – 11). Other material, Australia (Australian Capital Territory): 1 ♂, Canberra, 15 January 1979, N.J. Short, MT (ANIC); New South Wales: 1 ♂, 5 mi S Mendooran, 17 March 1972, G. Daniels, MVL (AMS K358071); 2 ♂♂, Nyngan dist, 1 – 9 February 1960, T.E. Woodward (QM); 1 ♀, Rainforest Iluka Clarence R, 24 November 1970, D.K. McAlpine, MVL (AMS K351901); Northern Territory: 6 ♀♀, 30 km NWbyW of Alice Springs, 23.32S, 133.38E, 7 October 1978, J.C. Cardale, ex ethanol (ANIC); 1 ♀, 35 km S The Granite Mine Tanami Desert, 20.51S, 130.16°E, 29 October – 2 November 1988, D.C.F. Rentz Stop T-9 (ANIC); 1 ♀, East Point, 13 May 1981, D.P.A. Sands, ex Hibiscus tilaceus (ANIC); 1 ♂, Yuendumu, February 1968 (ANIC); Queensland: 1 ♀, Cockatoo Ck Xing, 17 km NW Heathlands, 11.39°S, 142.27°E, 15 – 26 January 1992, I.D. Naumann and T. Weir, LT (ANIC); 1 ♀, Bertie Ck Xing, 12 km SW Heathlands, 11.50°S, 142.30°E, 15 – 26 January 1992, I.D. Naumann and T. Weir, LT (ANIC); 1 ♀, Batavia Downs, 12.41°S, 142.41°E, 22 – 23 July 1992, J.C. Cardale and P. Zborowski, LT (ANIC); 1 ♀, Wenlock R Crossing, Portland Roads Road, 13.06°S, 142.56°E, 17 July 1986, J.C. Cardale,
at MVL (ANIC); 1 ♀, 1 km N of Rounded Hill, 15.17°S, 145.13°E, 5 – 7 May 1981, I.D. Naumann, ex ethanol (ANIC); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 8 km SEbyE Musselbrook Camp, 18.38°S, 138.11°E, 11 May 1995, I.D. Naumann, LT (ANIC); 3 ♀♀, 10 km SE Musselbrook Camp, 18.39°S, 138.12°E, 13 May 1995, I.D. Naumann, LT (ANIC); 1 ♂, 16 km SEE Musselbrook Camp, 18.44°S, 138.12°E, 18 May 1995, I.D. Naumann, LT (ANIC); 1 ♂, Barakula, via Chinchilla, 4 October 1994, F.R. Wylie, J. King, M. De Baer (ANIC); 1 ♂, Noondoo, 26 February 1963, A.L. Dyce and M.D. Murray, ex ethanol (ANIC); 1 ♀, Mudjimba Beach, E of Nambour, 29 November 1985, G. Cassis (ANIC); 1 ♀, 1 km N of Rounded Hill, 15.17°S, 145.13°E, 5 – 7 May 1981, I.D. Naumann, ex ethanol (ANIC); 2 ♂♂, Corallie R. Bruce Highway, NW Fladstone N. Qld, 23 January 1970, G.A. Holloway, MVL (AMS K358159); 1 ♀, Lake Broadwater near Dalby, site A, 27°21'S, 151°06'E, 24 October 1986, G. and A. Daniels, MVL (QM); 1 ♀, Eurimbula Ck., via Round Hill Head, 3 – 5 May 1975, I.D. Naumann; sweeping low vegetation, open forest/subtropical rainforest boundary (QM); South Australia: 1 ♀, Brookfield CP, 34.19°S, 139.31°E, 24 November 1992, I.D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale (ANIC); 1 ♀, Brookfield CP, 34.21°S, 139.29°E, 17 – 20 February 1992, J.C. Cardale, LT (ANIC); 1 ♂, Brookfield CP, 34.21°S, 139.29°E, Campsite, 30 March – 3 April 1992, A. Calder and W. Dressler, LT (ANIC); 1 ♂, 5 km NNE Prices Bore, 30°20 ʹ 41 ″ S, 136°11 ʹ 46 ″ E, 18 April 2007, Woomera PA Survey, LT (SAM); 1 ♀, Belair NP, Gate 11, 1 – 8 March 2008, J.T. Jennings, MT (WINC); 1 ♀, Flinders ranges, Brachina Gorge, 31°19.954'S, 138°35.916'E, 5 April 2011, G. Taylor, Acacia lingulata (WINC); 1 ♂, Flinders ranges, Brachina Gorge, 31° 20.630'S, 138°33.635'E, 5 April 2011, R. Kittel and G. Taylor, Sweeping Eucalyptus socialis (WINC); Tasmania: 2 ♀♀, Cambridge, 21 February 1967, A. Neboiss (MV); Victoria: 1 ♀, Abbeyard, 27 January 1960, A. Neboiss (MV); 1 ♀, Latrobe R. Survey St 8 U7/s, 17 February 1973, R. Morwell, LT (MV); 2 ♀♀, Meredith, 12 – 13 February 1959, A. Neboiss (MV); 1 ♀, Meredith, 13 February 1959, A. Neboiss (MV); 1 ♀, Myrtleford, 23 June 1973, A. Neboiss, Eucalyptus spp., MVL-trap (MV); 1 ♀, Nunawading, 1 March 1960, A. Neboiss (MV); 4 ♀♀, Porepunkah, 26 January 1960, A. Neboiss (MV); 1 ♂, Mt Langi Ghiran, 17 December 1966, A. Neboiss (MV); Western Australia: 1 ♀, 18 mi E Pingelly, 2 January 1971, G.A. Holloway and H. Hughes, MVL (AMS K351888); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Miaboolya Beach, N of Carnarvon, 24.48°S, 113.38°E, 22 October 1992, E.D. Edwards and E.S. Nielson (ANIC); 2 ♀♀, Loop Road, 30 km NE by E of Kalbarri, 27.34°S, 114.26°E, 17 October 1984, Kalbarri NP, D.C.F. Rentz Stop 48 (ANIC); 8 ♀♀, Kalbarri, 27.43°S, 114.10°E, 15 October 1992, E.D. Edwards and E.S. Nielson (ANIC); 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Kalbarri, 27.43°S, 114.10°E, 24 October 1992, E.D. Edwards and E.S. Nielson (ANIC); 2 ♀♀, Augustus Island, CALM Site 26/1, 15.25°S, 124.38°E, 11 – 16 June 1989, I.D. Naumann (ANIC); 1 ♀, 1 km W of Wave Rock, 32.27°S, 118.53°E, 31 January 1993, E.D. Edwards and E.S. Nielsen (ANIC); 1 ♂, Gill Pinnacle, Mural Crescent, 2 November 1963, P. Aitken and N.B. Tindale, LT (SAM); 1 ♀, Gill Pinnacle, Mural Crescent, 10 November 1963, P. Aitken and N.B. Tindale, LT (SAM); 1 ♀, 3.8 km NE of Comet Vale Siding, 29.57°S, 121.07°E, 7 – 15 March 1979, T.F. Houston et al. 256 – 8 (WAM 82791); 1 ♀, Nullagine, 19 – 20 January 1974, A.M. and M.J. Douglas (WAM 82875); 3 ♂♂, Buningonia Spring (Well), 31°26'S, 123°33'E, 18 – 25 November 1978, T.F. Houston et al. 225/10 (WAM 82785, 82787, 82788); 1 ♀, 9.8 km SSE of Mt Linden, 29.19°S, 122.25° E, 17 – 23 March 1979, T.F. Houston et al. 259 – 1 (WAM 82800); 1 ♂, Spectacles Yargan, 32° 12.893'S, 115°49.758'E, 2 November 2011, R. Kittel and L. Krieger, sweeping Eucalyptus and Banksia (WAM SF 008307 – 17); 1 ♂, Credo Station, 30°04.476'S, 120°36.910'E, 7 September 2011, R. Kittel Sweeping Senna, Bush Blitz survey (WAM).
Biology
One specimen was reared from sea hibiscus (Hibiscus tilliaceus L.) Malvaceae. Additional specimens were collected from Acacia lingulata A. Cunn. ex Benth. Fabaceae and Christmas Mallee (Eucalyptus socialis F.Muell. ex Miq.) Myrtaceae.
Etymology
The species is named after the dark scapula area, as opposed to the orange – light brown mesoscutum.
Distribution
Recorded from across Australia, but it is not as abundant as P. decticauda or P. behriae. It is known from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia (including Bon Bon Station), Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia (Figure 16).
CO1 sequence
Genbank accession numbers for this species are KJ438594 – KJ438598.
description: Published as part of Kittel, Rebecca N. & Austin, Andrew D., 2015, New species of Australian arid zone chelonine wasps from the genera Phanerotoma and Ascogaster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) informed by the ' Bush Blitz' surveys of national reserves, pp. 211-262 in Journal of Natural History 50 on pages 255-258, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1074747, http://zenodo.org/record/3983279