cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Standing Still: The Implications of Clapper for Environmental Plaintiffs’ Constitutional Standing
Creators: name: Chin, Courtney
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: In 2013, the Supreme Court decided Clapper v. Amnesty International, denying standing to a group of human rights, labor, legal, and media organizations to challenge the constitutionality of a provision of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (“FISA”). Justice Alito, writing for a 5-4 majority, held that the respondents lacked standing because the alleged injury was not “certainly impending,” the injury was not fairly traceable to the FISA provision, nor were the costs incurred by the respondents fairly traceable to the FISA provision. Naturally, the four dissenters proposed an alternate view of the facts: Justice Breyer compared the likelihood of the respondents’ injury not occurring as similar to the chance that “despite pouring rain, the streets will remain dry (due to the presence of a special chemical).” He then criticized the majority, arguing that “certainty is not, and never has been, the touchstone of standing.” Although Clapper did not deal with issues of environmental law, it signaled a further heightening of standing requirements, prompting much discussion of the forecasted increased difficulty of proving standing in environmental litigation. Because standing is often a contentious issue in environmental litigation, some surmised that the Court’s use of the “certainly impending” standard for injury-in-fact—and its express rejection of the Second Circuit’s “objectively reasonable likelihood” standard—might shut the door on many more environmental plaintiffs at the standing stage. ... Contrary to this discourse, in this Note I argue that Clapper may not have as large an impact on standing for environmental plaintiffs as early commentators believed. Instead, the opinion is carefully constructed so as to reaffirm the major standing decisions before it, namely Lujan, Laidlaw, Massachusetts, and Summers. An important concession in footnote 5 of Clapper also leaves open the possibility that plaintiffs may demonstrate injury in fact based on a “substantial risk” of harm. Finally, as I will argue below, there is ample reason to believe that dismissing this suit was at least in part motivated by a desire to avoid more difficult and sensitive questions on the merits, which included constitutional claims and issues of national security and counterterrorism. Thus, this case is not a departure from the existing standing doctrine, and environmental plaintiffs need not strategize new ways of demonstrating standing.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 40 No. 2 (2015): Volume 40.2
Effects of Mismatch Strain and Substrate Surface Corrugation on Morphology of Supported Monolayer Graphene
Creators: name: Aitken, Zachary H.
name: Huang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene monolayers supported on oxide substrates have been demonstrated with superior charge mobility and thermal transport for potential device applications. Morphological corrugation can strongly influence the transport properties of the supported graphene. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the morphological stability of a graphene monolayer on an oxide substrate, subject to van der Waals interactions and in-plane mismatch strains. First, we define the equilibrium separation and the interfacial adhesion energy as the two key parameters that characterize the van der Waals interaction between a flat monolayer and a flat substrate surface. By a perturbation analysis, a critical compressive mismatch strain is predicted, beyond which the graphene monolayer undergoes strain-induced instability, forming corrugations with increasing amplitude and decreasing wavelength on a perfectly flat surface. When the substrate surface is not perfectly flat, the morphology of graphene depends on both the amplitude and the wavelength of the surface corrugation. A transition from conformal (corrugated) to non-conformal (flat) morphology is predicted. The effects of substrate surface corrugation on the equilibrium mean thickness of the supported graphene and the interfacial adhesion energy are analyzed. Furthermore, by considering both the substrate surface corrugation and the mismatch strain, it is found that, while a tensile mismatch strain reduces the corrugation amplitude of graphene, a corrugated substrate surface promotes strain-induced instability under a compressive strain. These theoretical results suggest possible means to control the morphology of graphene monolayer on oxide substrates by surface patterning and strain engineering.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, submitted for review on March 3, 2010
Fabrication of graphene nanoribbon by local anodic oxidation lithography using atomic force microscope
Creators: name: Masubuchi, S.
name: Ono, M.
name: Yoshida, K.
name: Hirakawa, K.
name: Machida, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conducted local anodic oxidation (LAO) lithography in single-layer, bilayer, and multilayer graphene using tapping-mode atomic force microscope. The width of insulating oxidized area depends systematically on the number of graphene layers. An 800-nm-wide bar-shaped device fabricated in single-layer graphene exhibits the half-integer quantum Hall effect. We also fabricated a 55-nm-wide graphene nanoribbon (GNR). The conductance of the GNR at the charge neutrality point was suppressed at low temperature, which suggests the opening of an energy gap due to lateral confinement of charge carriers. These results show that LAO lithography is an effective technique for the fabrication of graphene nanodevices.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Linguistic relativity and mathematical language in the Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
Creators: name: Canright, Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: mathematical language
linguistic relativity
Qing dynasty
translation

description: Many linguists subscribe to the idea of linguistic relativity, a theory which proposes that language influences thought. By extension, other systems for conveying information, such as mathematical languages, may also be influential on their users’ thoughts. This thesis addresses this idea by linguistically analyzing mathematical language. A mathematical language is a system of dedicated terms and symbols representing mathematical concepts. The mathematical language of ancient Chinese mathematical works did not employ dedicated algebraic symbols and simply used natural language and diagrams. These works spoke in terms of real-world scenarios and did not explicitly generalize the principles they conveyed. Possibly as a result, mathematics was generally seen as less than a form of art and more of a tool for surveyors. In late imperial China, European mathematicians in the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) imported and translated Western mathematical texts into Chinese, and Li Shanlan 李善蘭 (1810-1882) and Alexander Wylie (1815-1887) invented an algebraic notation system with symbols derived from Chinese characters in order to foreignize the symbolic expressions in their translations. However, as most of their translations did not change the fundamental mechanics of the Western mathematical language, Chinese scholars had trouble understanding the texts and their purpose. A semantic translation would resemble Chinese mathematical classics by teaching the concepts of the calculus textbook through real-world examples rather than abstraction. The relative failure in China of the translations that retained Western mathematical language seems to show that mathematical language does not influence thought. A stronger conclusion for this hypothesis would require present-day educational experiments.
$\{Q\bar{q}\}\{\bar{Q}^{(')}q\}$ molecular states
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian-Rong
name: Huang, Ming-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Masses for $\{Q\bar{q}\}\{\bar{Q}^{(')}q\}$ molecular states are systematically studied in QCD sum rules. The interpolating currents representing the related molecular states are proposed. Technically, contributions of the operators up to dimension six are included in operator product expansion (OPE). Mass spectra for molecular states with $\{Q\bar{q}\}\{\bar{Q}^{(')}q\}$ configurations are obtained.
description: 22 pages, 36 eps figures; revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
The Navigational Servitude: The Role of a Categorical Exception Within a System of Ad-Hoc Review
Creators: name: Monahan, Eileen
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides, in part, that private property shall not “be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Known as the Takings Clause, this provision limiting the government’s sovereign power of eminent domain may appear to be straightforward, but in practice is not. Several categorical exceptions to this requirement have developed over time. One such categorical exception is the navigational servitude, which allows the federal government to exercise its power to regulate and control the nation’s navigable waterways without paying compensation for the resulting economic loss. This Note will argue that the availability of such a blanket exception is unjustifiable. First, it creates perverse incentives for the government to disproportionately take littoral land and produces inequitable results for landowners. Second, historically based in the federal government’s power over interstate commerce, the policy justifications for the navigational servitude are no longer compelling in our modern economy where waterways are not the vital highways of commerce they once were. Therefore, the navigational servitude should not be an absolute defense to taking claims anymore. Instead, such claims should be analyzed within the fact-specific framework that applies to takings that occur on land and in non-navigable waterways. Such an analysis can limit the draconian nature of the current navigational servitude and encourage the federal government’s equitable use thereof.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 40 No. 2 (2015): Volume 40.2
Processing conventional and non-conventional multiword units: evidence of similarity-based generalisation from judgements and brain potentials
Creators: name: Pulido, Manuel F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cardiology

description: Language is constantly evolving through speakers’ natural innovations. However, our understanding of how subtle linguistic innovations are processed is still surprisingly limited. To date, most studies investigating processing of non-conventional language have focused on metaphors. Using both brain event-related potentials (ERPs) and offline judgements, the present study investigated the acceptability, as well as the temporal dynamics, associated with processing novel and conventional multiword units. By manipulating both the degree of similarity and degree of conventionality, the results revealed that the acceptability of novel items hinges on their similarity to known multiword units. ERPs revealed that similarity modulated a late positive component (LPC) 550–750 ms after stimulus presentation; this LPC was significantly correlated with acceptability. Additionally, processing of novel multiword units was not modulated by exposure to related multiword units, indicating that similarity-based processing was not dependent on recent prior exposure.
Approximate Sparse Recovery: Optimizing Time and Measurements
Creators: name: Gilbert, Anna C.
name: Li, Yi
name: Porat, Ely
name: Strauss, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An approximate sparse recovery system consists of parameters $k,N$, an $m$-by-$N$ measurement matrix, $Φ$, and a decoding algorithm, $\mathcal{D}$. Given a vector, $x$, the system approximates $x$ by $\widehat x =\mathcal{D}(Φx)$, which must satisfy $\| \widehat x - x\|_2\le C \|x - x_k\|_2$, where $x_k$ denotes the optimal $k$-term approximation to $x$. For each vector $x$, the system must succeed with probability at least 3/4. Among the goals in designing such systems are minimizing the number $m$ of measurements and the runtime of the decoding algorithm, $\mathcal{D}$. In this paper, we give a system with $m=O(k \log(N/k))$ measurements--matching a lower bound, up to a constant factor--and decoding time $O(k\log^c N)$, matching a lower bound up to $\log(N)$ factors. We also consider the encode time (i.e., the time to multiply $Φ$ by $x$), the time to update measurements (i.e., the time to multiply $Φ$ by a 1-sparse $x$), and the robustness and stability of the algorithm (adding noise before and after the measurements). Our encode and update times are optimal up to $\log(N)$ factors.
Wait long and prosper! Delaying production alleviates its detrimental effect on word learning
Creators: name: Kapnoula, Efthymia C.
name: Samuel, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Recent work by Baese-Berk and Samuel (Baese-Berk, M. M., & Samuel, A. G. (2022). Just give it time: Differential effects of disruption and delay on perceptual learning. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 84(3), 960–980.) suggests that immediate – but not delayed – production has a detrimental effect on learning a non-native speech sound contrast. We tested whether this pattern is also found for word learning. Each participant learned 12 new words in one of four training conditions: Perception-Only, Immediate-Production, 2-seconds-Delayed-Production, and 4-seconds-Delayed-Production. At test, we assessed how well new words were embedded into the mental lexicon by measuring the degree to which they could drive phonemic recalibration (also called “perceptual learning”). Training and testing were repeated on the next day along with a word recognition task assessing lexical configuration. Replicating previous findings, Day 1 results showed that repeating a new word immediately after hearing it disrupted learning compared to just hearing it. Critically, in line with our prediction, this negative effect disappeared when a 4-second pause was inserted between hearing and producing each word.
Effects of anisotropy in geostrophic turbulence
Creators: name: Hejda, P.
name: Reshetnyak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Boussinesq model of convection in a flat layer with heating from below is considered. We analyze the effects of anisotropy caused by rapid rotation in physical and wave spaces and demonstrate the suppression of energy transfer by rotation. We also examine the structure of the wave triangle in nonlinear interaction. The range of parameters is adapted to the models of convection in the geodynamo.
Full-Impact Regulations and the Dormant Commerce Clause
Creators: name: Sears, Will
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: Effective environmental regulation of products requires knowledge of their entire lifespan. For example, a gallon of corn ethanol produces greenhouse gas emissions when burned, but this does not reflect its full environmental impact. The energy and water used to produce the fuel, side effects of production such as land use changes, and emissions associated with its transportation from producers to distributors all add to the environmental impact of the fuel. This holistic method of assessing environmental impacts is known as "lifecycle analysis" or "lifecycle assessment." The scientific community recognizes lifecycle analysis as providing the touchstone for effective environmental regulations. Congress has endorsed this methodology, for example, requiring that federal agencies incorporate lifecycle analysis into contracts to purchase alternative or synthetic fuels. Businesses often employ lifecycle analysis when comparing the environmental impacts of different potential production processes. This Note argues that courts should evaluate full-impact regulations under tier-two of the dormant Commerce Clause framework. State-level full-impact regulations do not implicate the concerns that have traditionally motivated courts to invalidate laws under the dormant Commerce Clause. Properly designed full-impact regulations need not evince a protectionist purpose nor discriminate against out-of-state entities within the meaning of the dormant Commerce Clause. They also need not regulate extraterritorially in the way that the Supreme Court has prohibited. Accordingly, state full-impact regulations challenged on the grounds that they burden interstate commerce should be evaluated under the more deferential balancing test that tier-two regulations receive. This proposed framework preserves the role of district courts in policing the murky boundaries of federal and state authority, while affording states the flexibility they require to design effective environmental regulations.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 39 No. 1 (2014): Volume 39.1
Distance to Multiple Kinematic Components of Quasar Outflows: VLT Observations of QSO 2359-1241 and SDSS J0318-0600
Creators: name: Bautista, M. A.
name: Dunn, J. P.
name: Arav, N.
name: Korista, K. T.
name: Moe, M.
name: Benn, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using high resolution VLT spectra, we study the multi-component outflow systems of two quasars exhibiting intrinsic Fe II absorption (QSO 2359-1241 and SDSS J0318-0600). From the extracted ionic column densities and using photoionization modeling we determine the gas density, total column density, and ionization parameter for several of the components. For each object the largest column density component is also the densest, and all other components have densities of roughly 1/4 of that of the main component. We demonstrate that all the absorbers lie roughly at the same distance from the source. Further, we calculate the total kinetic luminosities and mass outflow rates of all components and show that these quantities are dominated by the main absorption component.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures
Green Guide Gaps: Expanding FTC Authority Over Low-Carbon Marketing Claims
Creators: name: Cooke, Perrin
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: Too often, environmentalists view American consumerism and corporate advertising as damaging forces necessarily at odds with conservation and sustainability. With this in mind, many environmental activists have emphasized the basic rejection of consumerism as an essential step towards sustainable consumption. Importantly, however, this over-broad dichotomy often ignores the potentially powerful role that consumer culture can play in achieving environmental objectives. In fact, the early environmental movement also heralded an important shift in American consumerism. Just as leaders in Washington began to recognize growing public interest in the environment, companies across the nation sought to capitalize on consumers' newfound environmentalism. Since that time, environmental marketing has continued to draw on consumers' interest in sustainability and is today a familiar element of the American marketplace. Unfortunately, vindicating concerns expressed by many environmental commentators, many companies have found it cheaper to exaggerate the environmental benefits of their products or obfuscate their environmental harms than to improve the environmental performance of their products. The Federal Trade Commission ("FTC", or "the Commission") has responded to exaggerated environmental performance claims by invoking its authority under § 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act ("FTC Act," or "the Act") to pursue misleading or deceptive advertising. Unfortunately, the FTC's efforts in this field have not proven particularly successful. This Note examines the most recent development in this ongoing effort: the Commission's 2012 Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims (Green Guides). The 2012 Green Guides represent the FTC's first attempt to address claims related to two particularly important categories of environmental products: renewable energy and carbon offsets. This Note analyzes the new Guides for these products.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 39 No. 1 (2014): Volume 39.1
“All mimsy were the borogoves” – a discriminative learning model of morphological knowledge in pseudo-word inflection
Creators: name: Nieder, Jessica
name: van de Vijver, Ruben
name: Tomaschek, Fabian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Grammatical knowledge has often been investigated in wug tests, in which participants inflect pseudo-words. It was argued that in inflecting these pseudo-words, speakers apply their knowledge of word formation. However, it remains unclear what exactly this knowledge is and how it is learned. According to one theory, the knowledge is best characterised as abstractions that specify how units are combined. Another theory maintains that it is best characterised by memory-based analogy. In both cases the knowledge is learned by association based on positive evidence alone. In this paper, we model the classification of pseudo-words to Maltese plurals using a shallow neural network trained with an error-driven learning algorithm. We demonstrate that the classifications mirror those of Maltese speakers in a wug test. Our results indicate that speakers rely on gradient knowledge of a relation between the phonetics of whole words and plural classes, which is learned in an error-driven way.
Intersecting Attractors
Creators: name: Ferrara, S.
name: Marrani, A.
name: Morales, J. F.
name: Samtleben, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the entropy formalism to the study of the near-horizon geometry of extremal black p-brane intersections in D>5 dimensional supergravities. The scalar flow towards the horizon is described in terms an effective potential given by the superposition of the kinetic energies of all the forms under which the brane is charged. At the horizon active scalars get fixed to the minima of the effective potential and the entropy function is given in terms of U-duality invariants built entirely out of the black p-brane charges. The resulting entropy function reproduces the central charges of the dual boundary CFT and gives rise to a Bekenstein-Hawking like area law. The results are illustrated in the case of black holes and black string intersections in D=6, 7, 8 supergravities where the effective potentials, attractor equations, moduli spaces and entropy/central charges are worked out in full detail.
description: 1+41 pages, 2 Tables
The effect of input sensory modality on the multimodal encoding of motion events
Creators: name: Mamus, Ezgi
name: Speed, Laura J.
name: Özyürek, Aslı
name: Majid, Asifa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Each sensory modality has different affordances: vision has higher spatial acuity than audition, whereas audition has better temporal acuity. This may have consequences for the encoding of events and its subsequent multimodal language production—an issue that has received relatively little attention to date. In this study, we compared motion events presented as audio-only, visual-only, or multimodal (visual + audio) input and measured speech and co-speech gesture depicting path and manner of motion in Turkish. Input modality affected speech production. Speakers with audio-only input produced more path descriptions and fewer manner descriptions in speech compared to speakers who received visual input. In contrast, the type and frequency of gestures did not change across conditions. Path-only gestures dominated throughout. Our results suggest that while speech is more susceptible to auditory vs. visual input in encoding aspects of motion events, gesture is less sensitive to such differences.
Map #448, Site 5MT10647, Nonstructure 248, Surface 1
Creators: name: DeVos, Jim
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Southwestern Colorado
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2810/southwestern-colorado
subject: Southwestern US
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84604/southwestern-us
subject: Basketmaker III
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/78/basketmaker-iii
subject: Pueblo I
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/54/pueblo-i
subject: Pueblo II
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/55/pueblo-ii
subject: 5MT10647
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118013/5mt10647
subject: Dillard Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118012/dillard-site

description: Site 5MT10647, Nonstructure 248, Surface 1
The donkey's bray : analysing the modernist democratic crowd's political strategy in Finnegans Wake's III.1 using narrative viewpoint theory
Creators: name: Moar, Sarah Elysia Leif
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Many Joyce scholars agree that the first chapter of the Wake's third book is narrated by a donkey (Atherton 2009: 115; Attridge 188; Cheng 36-38; Gordon 45-47; Leland 66; Mierlo 77-79; Norris 17) yet none has explained why Joyce would choose a donkey to both narrate and play the foil to Shaun in a chapter centered around a pointed dialogue between a populist political leader and his audience. This thesis explores the role of the donkey as both character and narrator in the first chapter of the Wake's book of the Democratic Age in order to discover its political aims. In the first part of this thesis, I apply Barbara Dancygier's Narrative Viewpoint theory to trace out a map of the chapter's narrative spaces, triangulating through verb tense and pronoun usage to identify where, when, and how the viewpoints shift. Once this map is created, I then use its topography to analyse the chapter's ecology in the second part of the thesis. Re-reading the map through the magnification lens of Judith Paltin's Modernist Crowd theory, I juxtapose what the donkey says, and where, with what Shaun says, and where, according to the standards set out by Paltin for identifying modernist fascist and democratic crowds. By examining the choreography of their politically charged conversation and analysing their speech patterns and viewpoint shifts according to Paltin's criteria, I discover that the donkey and Shaun are engaged in a verbal political tussle between modernism's democracy and fascism. This thesis concludes that, in the Wake's III.1, the donkey is an avatar of the modernist agile crowd. As such, it presents an early twentieth-century strategy for confronting authoritarian populism head-on in order to create space for democracy.
The Effect of Cluster Formation on Graphene Mobility
Creators: name: McCreary, K. M.
name: Pi, K.
name: Swartz, Adrian
name: Han, Wei
name: Bao, W.
name: Lau, C. N.
name: Guinea, F.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Kawakami, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of gold (Au) atoms in the form of both point-like charged impurities and clusters on the transport properties of graphene. Cryogenic deposition (18 K) of Au decreases the mobility and shifts the Dirac point in a manner that is consistent with scattering from point-like charged impurities. Increasing the temperature to room temperature promotes the formation of clusters, which is verified with atomic force microscopy. We find that for a fixed amount of Au impurities, the formation of clusters enhances the mobility and causes the Dirac point to shift back towards zero.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Racial and Ethnic Diversity Within U.S. Residencies: Trends from 2011 to 2019
Creators: name: Woreta, Fasika
name: Aguwa, Ugochi T
name: Srikumaran, Divya
name: Canner, Joseph
name: Green, Laura K
name: Onor, Gabriel I
name: Knight, O'Rese J
name: Aguwa, Chibuzo J
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description:
OBJECTIVE: Examine trends in the proportion of underrepresented minority (URM) residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties and investigate differences between surgical and non-surgical specialties. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: N/A. PARTICIPANTS: The authors extracted data on the proportion of URM residents in all specialties from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education yearly reports. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decline in the proportion of URM residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.01) from 2011 (9.9%) to 2019 (9.1%) and a significant increase in the proportion of URM residents in non-surgical specialties (p < 0.01) from 2011 (9.6%) to 2019 (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the need to increase recruitment of URMs in medicine, especially in surgical specialties. Findings from this study can inform much-needed initiatives to address barriers to entry for diverse applicants within specialties that lack diversity and have shown minimal improvement over time.
Double shuffle relations and renormalization of multiple zeta values
Creators: name: Guo, Li
name: Paycha, Sylvie
name: Xie, Bingyong
name: Zhang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11M41, 16W30, 35S05, 81T15

description: In this paper we present some of the recent progresses in multiple zeta values (MZVs). We review the double shuffle relations for convergent MZVs and summarize generalizations of the sum formula and the decomposition formula of Euler for MZVs. We then discuss how to apply methods borrowed from renormalization in quantum field theory and from pseudodifferential calculus to partially extend the double shuffle relations to divergent MZVs.
Map #113, Site 5MT10711 Pithouse 101 (Main Chamber), Surface 1, Artifacts and Samples
Creators: name: DeVos, Jim
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Southwestern Colorado
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2810/southwestern-colorado
subject: Southwestern US
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84604/southwestern-us
subject: Basketmaker III
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/78/basketmaker-iii
subject: 5MT10711
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118032/5mt10711
subject: Ridgeline Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118031/ridgeline-site

description: Site 5MT10711 Pithouse 101 (Main Chamber), Surface 1, Artifacts and Samples
Enhanced spin Hall effect by tuning antidot potential: Proposal for a spin filter
Creators: name: Yokoyama, Tomohiro
name: Eto, Mikio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an efficient spin filter including an antidot fabricated on semiconductor heterostructures with strong spin-orbit interaction. The antidot creates a tunable potential on two-dimensional electron gas in the heterostructures, which may be attractive as well as repulsive. Our idea is based on the enhancement of extrinsic spin Hall effect by resonant scattering when the attractive potential is properly tuned. Numerical studies for three- and four-terminal devices indicate that the efficiency of the spin filter can be more than 50% by tuning the potential to the resonant condition.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Map #407, Site 5MT10647, Great Kiva 102, Features 15 and 24 (Postholes), Stratigraphic Profile
Creators: name: DeVos, Jim
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Southwestern Colorado
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2810/southwestern-colorado
subject: Southwestern US
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84604/southwestern-us
subject: Basketmaker III
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/78/basketmaker-iii
subject: Pueblo I
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/54/pueblo-i
subject: Pueblo II
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/55/pueblo-ii
subject: 5MT10647
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118013/5mt10647
subject: Dillard Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118012/dillard-site

description: Site 5MT10647, Great Kiva 102, Features 15 and 24 (Postholes), Stratigraphic Profile
Forgetful linear systems on the projective space and rational normal curves over $\cM_{0,2n}^{GIT}$
Creators: name: Bolognesi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H60; 14H45

description: Let $\cM_{0,n}$ the moduli space of $n$-pointed rational curves. The aim of this note is to give a new, geometric construction of $\cM_{0,2n}^{GIT}$, the GIT compacification of $\cM_{0,2n}$, in terms of linear systems on $\PP^{2n-2}$ that contract all the rational normal curves passing by the points of a projective base. These linear systems are a projective analogue of the forgetful maps between $\bar{\cM}_{0,2n+1}$ and $\bar{\cM}_{0,2n}$. The construction is performed via a study of the so-called $\textit{contraction}$ maps from the Knudsen-Mumford compactification $\bar{\cM}_{0,2n}$ to $\cM_{0,2n}^{GIT}$ and of the canonical forgetful maps. As a side result we also find a linear system on $\bar{\cM}_{0,2n}$ whose associated map is the contraction map $c_{2n}$.
description: New version: corrected typos, added contextualization and relations with previous GIT constructions and with linear systems on the Knudsen compactification
Executive Review and the Youngstown Categories: Vulnerability of Environmental Regulations to Unbounded Executive Review
Creators: name: Rarrick, Lee C.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: [C]omprehensive and undefined presidential powers hold both practical advantages and grave dangers for the country . . . . -Justice Jackson The power of executive review remains imperfectly limited and defined—it therefore holds such potential dangers and advantages. By executive review I mean the power of the President to interpret the law and determine for himself whether a given law or provision is constitutional. Most commentators agree that this power exists legitimately in one form or another. But some argue that it is virtually unbounded, save for the president’s own sense of deference to the other branches and his self-interest to remain in office. Such a comprehensive power surely is as dangerous as that of which Justice Jackson warns in his concurrence in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, if not more so. Moreover, if fully utilized, executive review would leave the judiciary with no authority, save over itself. Unbounded executive review could also be used as a tool to undermine well-established legal doctrines which underpin entire fields of regulation, especially with respect to environmental law, as discussed herein. If left unchecked by any means with real bite, executive review has the potential to turn the Executive into a truly despotic branch. This Note endeavors to determine the ambit of the validity of executive review, as well as to find such a means to delimit the power of executive review, hopefully without simultaneously removing from it all practicality. Part II provides some of the classic arguments supporting the validity of executive review, as well as a few of my own inspired by the methods that Professor Akhil Amar advances in his book, America’s Unwritten Constitution: The Precedents and Principles We Live By. Part III outlines the different types of presidential action that rely on the power of executive review, and provides a framework for analyzing and scrutinizing the various uses and forms of executive review. While this Note does not systematically outline all of the arguments criticizing the validity of the power, to the extent that they attempt to refute the power altogether, they have been satisfactorily rebutted elsewhere. However, this Note builds upon some of those critiques in Part IV, in arguing for the limitation of executive review. Part IV first evaluates Professor Michael Stokes Paulsen’s arguments for essentially unbounded executive review. Next, it theoretically applies executive review in the environmental law context in order to highlight the need to limit the power, as it is perhaps the field most vulnerable to the potential abuses of executive review. Part IV then looks to recent judicial precedent as a possible foundation for limiting the power, and addresses some practical considerations relevant to any such limitation. Finally, Part V provides a brief conclusion.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 43 No. 2 (2018): Volume 43.2
How to observe a non-Kerr spacetime
Creators: name: Apostolatos, Theocharis A.
name: Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios
name: Contopoulos, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generic criterion which can be used in gravitational-wave data analysis to distinguish an extreme-mass-ratio inspiral into a Kerr background spacetime from one into a non-Kerr background spacetime. The criterion exploits the fact that when an integrable system, such as the system that describes geodesic orbits in a Kerr spacetime, is perturbed, the tori in phase space which initially corresponded to resonances disintegrate so as to form the so called Birkhoff chains on a surface of section, according to the Poincaré-Birkhoff theorem. The KAM curves of these islands in such a chain share the same ratio of frequencies, even though the frequencies themselves vary from one KAM curve to another inside an island. On the other hand, the KAM curves, which do not lie in a Birkhoff chain, do not share this characteristic property. Such a temporal constancy of the ratio of frequencies during the evolution of the gravitational-wave signal will signal a non-Kerr spacetime which could then be further explored.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Hyla faber B. c.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Hylidae
Hyla
Hyla faber

description: Hyla faber B. c.
(H. maxima Gü.)
Taguara v. F M. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 673, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
3D MHD Simulations of accreting neutron stars: evidence of QPO emission from the surface
Creators: name: Bachetti, Matteo
name: Romanova, Marina
name: Kulkarni, Akshay
name: Burderi, Luciano
name: di Salvo, Tiziana
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 3D Magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that when matter accretes onto neutron stars, in particular if the misalignment angle is small, it does not constantly fall at a fixed spot. Instead, the location at which matter reaches the star moves. These moving hot spots can be produced both during stable accretion, where matter falls near the magnetic poles of the star, and unstable accretion, characterized by the presence of several tongues of matter which fall on the star near the equator, due to Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. Precise modeling with Monte Carlo simulations shows that those movements could be observed as high frequency Quasi Periodic Oscillations. We performed a number of new simulation runs with a much wider set of parameters, focusing on neutron stars with a small misalignment angle. In most cases we observe oscillations whose frequency is correlated with the mass accretion rate $\dot{M}$. Moreover, in some cases double QPOs appear, each of them showing the same correlation with $\dot{M}$.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the Proceedings of the Bologna x-ray conference 2009, uses aipproc.cls, aip-6s.clo, .
beta-decay study of Cu-77
Creators: name: Patronis, N.
name: De Witte, H.
name: Gorska, M.
name: Huyse, M.
name: Kruglov, K.
name: Pauwels, D.
name: Van de Vel, K.
name: Van Duppen, P.
name: Van Roosbroeck, J.
name: Thomas, J. -C.
name: Franchoo, S.
name: Cederkall, J.
name: Fedoseyev, V. N.
name: Fynbo, H.
name: Georg, U.
name: Jonsson, O.
name: Köster, U.
name: Materna, T.
name: Mathieu, L.
name: Serot, O.
name: Weissman, L.
name: Mueller, W. F.
name: Mishin, V. I.
name: Fedorov, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A beta-decay study of Cu-77 has been performed at the ISOLDE mass separator with the aim to deduce its beta-decay properties and to obtain spectroscopic information on Zn-77. Neutron-rich copper isotopes were produced by means of proton- or neutron-induced fission reactions on U-238. After the production, Cu-77 was selectively laser ionized, mass separated and sent to different detection systems where beta-gamma and beta-n coincidence data were collected. We report on the deduced half-live, decay scheme, and possible spin assignment of 77Cu.
Is Generating Renewable Energy a Religious Use of Property? A Question as Congregations Implement Community Solar Programs
Creators: name: Bolgiano, William
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: “Community solar,” a method for financing local solar energy projects, has recently gained a foothold in many states. It is a promising method of promoting both renewable energy and distributed generation. Religious congregations are often uniquely able and motivated to implement these projects to realize the direct benefits of the infrastructure investment and a reduced carbon footprint, as well as the indirect benefits that derive from the concerted action of an ethically motivated community. In fact, local community solar implementation by established and well regarded institutions, as religious congregations often are, may inspire congregants and other community members to do the same, or to support public policy measures aimed at expanding renewable energy. A potential problem arises when congregations use their tax-exempt property (such as church rooves) to host community solar projects: how does a community solar project fit within the limited uses allowed under the tax-exempt status of a religious institution? If religious congregations use their tax-exempt property to generate renewable energy for off-site uses, these organizations may lose their tax-exempt status. In Part II, this Note details the tax treatment of religious institutions. Part III sets forth the benefits of and different models for community solar. Part IV explores the unique opportunity community solar presents for religious congregations. Part V details the tax exemption obstacle facing such projects, and selected state approaches. Part V then identifies three strategies religious congregations can deploy to ensure that solar projects remain consistent with religious uses of property for tax exemption purposes. First, congregations should eschew financial profits in community solar project structures. Second, the projects should incorporate traditional charitable activities such as youth education and economic justice. And third, congregations should clearly integrate solar projects into their religious activities.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 42 No. 2 (2017): Volume 42.2
A new technique for timing the double pulsar system
Creators: name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Wex, N.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: McLaughlin, M. A.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: Rosen, R.
name: Lyne, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2004, McLaughlin et al. discovered a phenomenon in the radio emission of PSR J0737-3039B (B) that resembles drifting sub-pulses. The repeat rate of the sub-pulses is equal to the spin frequency of PSR J0737-3039A (A); this led to the suggestion that they are caused by incidence upon B's magnetosphere of electromagnetic radiation from A. Here we describe a geometrical model which predicts the delay of B's sub-pulses relative to A's radio pulses. We show that measuring these delays is equivalent to tracking A's rotation from the point of view of an hypothetical observer located near B. This has three main astrophysical applications: (a) to determine the sense of rotation of A relative to its orbital plane; (b) to estimate where in B's magnetosphere the radio sub-pulses are modulated and (c) to provide an independent estimate of the mass ratio of A and B. The latter might improve existing tests of gravitational theories using this system.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 9 pages in emulated MNRAS format, 3 figures