cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Formation of Water in the Warm Atmospheres of Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Glassgold, A. E.
name: Meijerink, R.
name: Najita, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gas-phase chemistry of water in protoplanetary disks is analyzed with a model based on X-ray heating and ionization of the disk atmosphere. Several uncertain processes appear to play critical roles in generating the column densities of warm water that are detected from disks at infrared wavelengths. The dominant factors are the reactions that form molecular hydrogen, including formation on warm grains, and the ionization and heating of the atmosphere. All of these can work together to produce a region of high water abundances in the molecular transition layer of the inner disk atmosphere, where atoms are transformed into molecules, the temperature drops from thousands to hundreds of Kelvins, and the ionization begins to be dominated by the heavy elements. Grain formation of molecular hydrogen and mechanical heating of the atmosphere can play important roles in this region and directly affect the amount of warm water in protoplanetary disk atmospheres. Thus it may be possible to account for the existing measurements of water emission from Tauri disks without invoking transport of water from cooler to warmer regions. The hydroxyl radical OH is under-abundant in this model of disk atmospheres and requires consideration of additional production and excitation processes.
Re‐Defining Borders Online: Russia’s Strategic Narrative on Internet Sovereignty
Creators: name: Litvinenko, Anna
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: digital sovereignty
subject: internet governance
subject: Russia
subject: strategic narrative
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Over the past decades, internet governance has developed in a tug-of-war between the democratic, transnational nature of the web, and attempts by national governments to put cyberspace under control. Recently, the idea of digital sovereignty has started to increasingly gain more supporters among nation states. This article is a case study on the Russian concept of a “sovereign internet.” In 2019, the so-called law on sustainable internet marked a new milestone in the development of RuNet. Drawing on document analysis and expert interviews, I reconstruct Russia’s strategic narrative on internet sovereignty and its evolution over time. I identify the main factors that have shaped the Russian concept of sovereignty, including domestic politics, the economy, international relations, and the historical trajectory of the Russian segment of the internet. The article places the Russian case in a global context and discusses the importance of strategic narratives of digital sovereignty for the future of internet governance.
Additional file 1 of Cost-effectiveness of out-of-hospital continuous positive airway pressure for acute respiratory failure: decision analytic modelling using data from a feasibility trial
Creators: name: Thokala, Praveen
name: Fuller, Gordon W.
name: Goodacre, Steve
name: Keating, Samuel
name: Herbert, Esther
name: Perkins, Gavin D.
name: Rosser, Andy
name: Gunson, Imogen
name: Miller, Joshua
name: Ward, Matthew
name: Bradburn, Mike
name: Harris, Tim
name: Marsh, Maggie
name: Ren, Kate
name: Cooper, Cindy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Estimating the costs of prehospital CPAP. Provides more details about the prehospital CPAP costing.
Bounded derived categories of very simple manifolds
Creators: name: Oguiso, Keiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F05

description: An unrepresentable cohomological functor of finite type of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves of a compact complex manifold of dimension greater than one with no proper closed subvariety is given explicitly in categorical terms. This is a partial generalization of an impressive result due to Bondal and Van den Bergh.
description: 11 pages one important references is added, proof of lemma 2.1 (2) and many typos are corrected
Could the GRB-Supernovae GRB 031203 and XRF 060218 be Cosmic Twins?
Creators: name: Feng, Lu
name: Fox, Derek B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gamma-ray burst (GRB) / X-ray flash (XRF) events GRB 031203, discovered by INTEGRAL, and XRF 060218, discovered by Swift, represent two of only five GRB-SNe with optical spectroscopic confirmation of their SN components. Yet their observed high-energy properties offer a sharp contrast: While GRB 031203 was detected as a short 40-s burst with a spectrum peaking at E_peak > 190 keV, XRF 060218 was a T_90 ~ 2100-s long, smoothly-evolving burst with peak energy E_peak = 4.9 keV. At the same time, the properties of the two expanding dust-scattered X-ray halos observed in a fast-response XMM-Newton observation of GRB 031203 reveal that this event was accompanied by an "X-ray blast" with fluence comparable to or greater than that of the prompt gamma-ray event. Taking this observation as our starting point, we investigate the likely properties of the X-ray blast from GRB 031203 via detailed modeling of the XMM data, discovering a third halo due to scattering off a more distant dust sheet at d_3 = 9.94 +/- 0.39 kpc, and constraining the timing of the X-ray blast relative to the GRB trigger time to be t_0 = 11 +/- 417 s. Using our constraints, we compare the properties of GRB 031203 to those of other GRB-SNe in order to understand the likely nature of its X-ray blast, concluding that a bright X-ray flare, as in GRB 050502B, or shock breakout event, as in XRF 060218, provide the most likely explanations. In the latter case, we consider the added possibility that XRF 060218 may have manifested an episode of bright gamma-ray emission prior to the burst observed by Swift, in which case GRB 031203 and XRF 060218 would be "cosmic twin" explosions with nearly identical high-energy properties.
description: MNRAS in press; 12 pages, 6 figures. v2: Expanded discussion of related papers and minor changes in response to referee report
Random-anisotropy mixed-spin Ising on a triangular lattice
Creators: name: de Santana, E. S.
name: de Arruda, A. S.
name: Godoy, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the mixed spin-1/2 and 1 Ising ferrimagnetic system with a random anisotropy on a triangular lattice with three interpenetrating sublattices $A$, $B$, and $C$. The spins on the sublattices are represented by $σ_{A}$ (states $\pm1/2$), $σ_{B}$ (states $\pm1/2$), and $S_{C}$ (states $\pm1$, $0$). We have performed Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the phase diagram temperature $k_{\text{B}}T/\left|J\right|$ versus the strength of the random anisotropy $D/\left|J\right|$. The phase boundary between two ferrimagnetic $FR_{1}$ and $FR_{2}$ phases at lower temperatures are always first-order for $p<0.25$ and second-order phase transition between the $FR_{1}$, $FR_{2}$ and the paramagnetic $P$ phases. On the other hand, for values of $p\gtrapprox0.5$, the phase diagram presents only second-order phase transition lines.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Supplementary document for Pulse-Sheet Chemical Tomography by Counter-Propagating Stimulated Raman Scattering - 5023389.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Ping
name: Yang, Chi
name: Bi, Yali
name: Cai, Erli
name: Chen, Yage
name: huang, songlin
name: Zhang, Zhihong
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biological Engineering

description: Experimental section, supplemental figures and table
Accelerated Evolution of Tissue-Specific Genes Mediates Divergence Amidst Gene Flow in European Green Lizards
Creators: name: Kolora, Sree Rohit Raj
name: Gysi, Deisy Morselli
name: Schaffer, Stefan
name: Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret
name: Szabolcs, Márton
name: Faria, Faria
name: Henle, Klaus
name: Stadler, Peter F.
name: Schlegel, Martin
name: Nowick, Katja
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: genome
subject: transcriptomes
subject: gene flow
subject: tissue-specific evolution
subject: diversification
subject: Lacerta bilineata
subject: Lacerta viridis
subject: Adriatic lineage
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The European green lizards of the Lacerta viridis complex consist of two closely related species, L. viridis and Lacerta bilineata that split less than 7 million years ago in the presence of gene flow. Recently, a third lineage, referred to as the “Adriatic” was described within the L. viridis complex distributed from Slovenia to Greece. However, whether gene flow between the Adriatic lineage and L. viridis or L. bilineata has occurred and the evolutionary processes involved in their diversification are currently unknown. We hypothesized that divergence occurred in the presence of gene flow between multiple lineages and involved tissue-specific gene evolution. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of an individual of the Adriatic lineage and tested for the presence of gene flow amongst L. viridis, L. bilineata, and Adriatic. Additionally, we sequenced transcriptomes from multiple tissues to understand tissue-specific effects. The species tree supports that the Adriatic lineage is a sister taxon to L. bilineata. We detected gene flow between the Adriatic lineage and L. viridis suggesting that the evolutionary history of the L. viridis complex is likely shaped by gene flow. Interestingly, we observed topological differences between the autosomal and Z-chromosome phylogenies with a few fast evolving genes on the Z-chromosome. Genes highly expressed in the ovaries and strongly co-expressed in the brain experienced accelerated evolution presumably contributing to establishing reproductive isolation in the L. viridis complex.
Additional file 3 of Cost-effectiveness of out-of-hospital continuous positive airway pressure for acute respiratory failure: decision analytic modelling using data from a feasibility trial
Creators: name: Thokala, Praveen
name: Fuller, Gordon W.
name: Goodacre, Steve
name: Keating, Samuel
name: Herbert, Esther
name: Perkins, Gavin D.
name: Rosser, Andy
name: Gunson, Imogen
name: Miller, Joshua
name: Ward, Matthew
name: Bradburn, Mike
name: Harris, Tim
name: Marsh, Maggie
name: Ren, Kate
name: Cooper, Cindy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary file - CHEERS Checklist.docx. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) Checklist. Presents the completed CHEERS checklist for reporting health economic studies.
Interaction of quantum dot molecules with multi-mode radiation fields
Creators: name: Sadeghi, Amir Hossein
name: Naqavi, Ali
name: Khorasani, Sina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, the interaction of an arbitrary number of quantum dots, behaving as artificial molecules, with different energy levels and multi-mode electromagnetic field is studied. We make the assumption that each quantum dot can be represented as an atom with zero kinetic energy, and that all excitonic effects except dipole-dipole interactions may be disregarded. We use Jaynes-Cummings-Paul model with applications to quantum systems based on a time-dependent Hamiltonian and entangled states. We obtain a system of equations describing the interaction and present a method to solve the equations analytically for a single mode field within the Rotating-Wave Approximation. As an example of the applicability of this approach, we solve the system of two two-level quantum dots in a lossless cavity with two modes of electromagnetic field. We furthermore study the evolution of entanglement by defining and computing the concurrency.
description: accepted for publication in Scientia Iranica
Additional file 2 of Cost-effectiveness of out-of-hospital continuous positive airway pressure for acute respiratory failure: decision analytic modelling using data from a feasibility trial
Creators: name: Thokala, Praveen
name: Fuller, Gordon W.
name: Goodacre, Steve
name: Keating, Samuel
name: Herbert, Esther
name: Perkins, Gavin D.
name: Rosser, Andy
name: Gunson, Imogen
name: Miller, Joshua
name: Ward, Matthew
name: Bradburn, Mike
name: Harris, Tim
name: Marsh, Maggie
name: Ren, Kate
name: Cooper, Cindy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Appendix 2. Value of Information analyses. Provides more detail about the methods and results of value of information analyses.
Gas plasma-treated prostate cancer cells augment myeloid cell activity and cytotoxicity
Creators: name: Bekeschus, Sander
name: Ressel, Verena
name: Freund, Eric
name: Gelbrich, Nadine
name: Mustea, Alexander
name: Stope, Matthias B.
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: HL-60
subject: Immunomodulation
subject: KINPen
subject: LNCaP
subject: PC3
subject: Plasma medicine
subject: Reactive oxygen species
subject: ROS
subject: THP-1
subject: 540
subject: 610

description: Despite recent improvements in cancer treatment, with many of them being related to foster antitumor immunity, tumor-related deaths continue to be high. Novel avenues are needed to complement existing therapeutic strategies in oncology. Medical gas plasma technology recently gained attention due to its antitumor activity. Gas plasmas act via the local deposition of a plethora of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that promote the oxidative cancer cell death. The immunological consequences of plasma-mediated tumor cell death are only poorly understood, however. To this end, we exposed two prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC3) to gas plasma in vitro, and investigated the immunomodulatory effects of the supernatants in as well as of direct co-culturing with two human myeloid cell lines (THP-1, HL-60). After identifying the cytotoxic action of the kINPen plasma jet, the supernatants of plasma-treated prostate cancer cells modulated myeloid cell-related mitochondrial ROS production and their metabolic activity, proliferation, surface marker expression, and cytokine release. Direct co-culture amplified differentiation-like surface marker expression in myeloid cells and promoted their antitumor-toxicity in the gas plasma over the untreated control conditions. The results suggest that gas plasma-derived ROS not only promote prostate cancer cell death but also augment myeloid cell activity and cytotoxicity. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
From Theory to Practice: Sub-Nyquist Sampling of Sparse Wideband Analog Signals
Creators: name: Mishali, Moshe
name: Eldar, Yonina C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conventional sub-Nyquist sampling methods for analog signals exploit prior information about the spectral support. In this paper, we consider the challenging problem of blind sub-Nyquist sampling of multiband signals, whose unknown frequency support occupies only a small portion of a wide spectrum. Our primary design goals are efficient hardware implementation and low computational load on the supporting digital processing. We propose a system, named the modulated wideband converter, which first multiplies the analog signal by a bank of periodic waveforms. The product is then lowpass filtered and sampled uniformly at a low rate, which is orders of magnitude smaller than Nyquist. Perfect recovery from the proposed samples is achieved under certain necessary and sufficient conditions. We also develop a digital architecture, which allows either reconstruction of the analog input, or processing of any band of interest at a low rate, that is, without interpolating to the high Nyquist rate. Numerical simulations demonstrate many engineering aspects: robustness to noise and mismodeling, potential hardware simplifications, realtime performance for signals with time-varying support and stability to quantization effects. We compare our system with two previous approaches: periodic nonuniform sampling, which is bandwidth limited by existing hardware devices, and the random demodulator, which is restricted to discrete multitone signals and has a high computational load. In the broader context of Nyquist sampling, our scheme has the potential to break through the bandwidth barrier of state-of-the-art analog conversion technologies such as interleaved converters.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, to appear in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, the special issue on Compressed Sensing
'Tis pity she's a whore : a record and analysis of a production
Creators: name: Livingstone, Kenneth David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: 'Tis Pity She's a Whore. An Elizabethan revenge tragedy by John Ford, was produced and directed by Kenneth Livingstone, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Master of Arts degree in the Department of Theatre of the University of British Columbia, at the Frederic Wood Studio Theatre, from March 8-11, 1967. The following is a detailed record of that production along with the director's analysis and interpretation of the script. 'Tis Pity She's a Whore was produced on a budget of $300.00, with a 90 hour rehearsal period and had a five performance run in a theatre seating approximately ninety people. The play was performed by a predominantly student cast in a setting designed by Harry Soloveoff and with original music composed by Leon Dubinsky which was played each night by a small group of musicians employing recorders, guitars, drums, bells and a virginal. This record is divided into three main sections. The first is an essay which starts by discussing the historical background of the play with reference to its position in the genre of Revenge Tragedy. This is followed by a brief biographical note on the author and then a detailed analysis of the play with reference to the significant critical interpretations available and concludes with a discussion of the directorial concept adopted for this production. The director's interpretation is compared to, and contrasted with, the various critical views already mentioned. The essay is followed by a short bibliography which is not intended as a complete academic record of works on Ford, but merely indicates those views which were taken into consideration in the preparation of this production. The second section is made up of the actual script; showing cuts, blocking, significant divisions and indicating light, music and scenery cues. Each scene is preceded by a brief analysis which indicates the major units within the scene and the directorial approach taken in terms of purpose, action, dominant emotions, character dominance, and particular difficulties Involved. The third section is made up of various tables, records, and illustrations relating directly to the production. Included are lists of light cues, music cues, set changes, properties, costumes, cost lists, and box office reports. Also included are transcripts of the music composed for the production, a sample of the program, and copies of the press reviews. The illustrations include colour photographs of the production, and finally, blueprints of the floor plan and working drawings.
Statistical theory of individual activity coefficients of electrolytes including multiple ionic charges
Creators: name: Ebeling, W.
name: Krienke, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous work we developed a new statistical method for calculating the individual activities of ions including the association of ions. Here we study multi-particle electrostatic interactions connected within higher cluster integrals and identify the ionization constants of the mass action law of associating ion clusters. In contrast to Bjerrum and Fuoss, our concept of association is not based on spatial criteria, but instead on the strength of interaction measured in powers of the Bjerrum parameter ($e^2 / D_0 k_{\text{B}} T a$ ; $a$ is contact) and defined by asymptotic properties of the cluster integrals. For ion pair formation our mass action constant is the classical counterpart of Planck's famous hydrogenic partition function. As a rule, the new association constants are smaller than traditional expressions, e.g., by Fuoss and Kraus, in the interesting regions of interaction parameters about fifty percent. Several examples including CaCl$_2$, MgCl$_2$, Na$_2$SO$_4$, K$_2$SO$_4$, LaCl$_3$ and a model of seawater are studied. For several associating electrolytes and seawater, reasonable agreement with experiments and Monte Carlo results is achieved.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Drought induces shifts in soil fungal communities that can be linked to root traits across 24 plant species
Creators: name: Lozano, Yudi M.
name: Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A.
name: Roy, Julien
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: adjustment to drought
subject: functional fungal groups
subject: grasslands
subject: rhizosphere
subject: root traits
subject: soil fungi
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Root traits respond to drought in a species-specific manner, but little is known about how soil fungal communities and root traits respond to drought in concert. In a glasshouse experiment, we determined the response of soil pathogens, saprotrophs, and mutualistic and all fungi associated with the roots of 24 plant species subjected to drought. At harvest, soil fungal communities were characterized by sequencing. Data on root traits were extracted from a previously published work. Differences in fungal beta diversity between drought and control were plant species specific. For some species, saprotrophic fungi increased in relative abundance and richness with drought, whereas mutualistic fungi showed the opposite pattern. Community structure of pathogenic fungi was plant species specific but was slightly affected by drought. Pathogen composition was correlated with specific root surface area and root : shoot, saprotroph abundance with root tissue density, whereas mutualist composition was correlated with root : shoot. All these were the fungal attributes that best predicted shoot mass. Fungal response to drought depended highly on the fungal group and was related to root trait adjustments to water scarcity. This provides new insights into the role that root trait adjustments to drought may have in modulating plant–fungus interactions in grasslands ecosystems.
Coping with time and death in the Ancient Near East
Creators: name: Sibbing-Plantholt, Irene
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ancient Near East
subject: coping
subject: time
subject: death
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: All humans, past and future, are forced to grapple with the abstract phenomenon of passing and ending time, as well as ideas about time, such as eternity and finality. Death especially is a confrontation with the passing, ending, irreversibility, and unpredictability of time, over which humans have little to no power. In response to the threat of time and death, humans employ coping mechanisms, a common and perhaps universal example of which is anthropomorphization. Fashioning events and phenomena into social agents with human-like characteristics and abilities reduces their uncertainty and unpredictability. It increases comprehension of and control over them, and renders them more manageable, palpable, and familiar. This paper explores how this process can be recognized in textual and iconographic sources from the Ancient Near East. Firstly, it gives an overview of what people expected and thought of lifetime and death, and demonstrates that the daily confrontation with uncontrollable time and what may be the biggest challenge of life, namely accepting its inevitable end, was perceived as a struggle. Secondly, it provides insight in how the personification of time and death as well as the responses to these phenomena, such as fear and grief, contributed to coping with these difficult experiences.
The Antimicrobial Activity of the AGXX® Surface Coating Requires a Small Particle Size to Efficiently Kill Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Linzner, Nico
name: Antelmann, Haike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Staphylococcus aureus
subject: AGXX®
subject: metal particles
subject: antimicrobial activity
subject: contact killing
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are often resistant to multiple antibiotics and pose a major health burden due to limited treatment options. The novel AGXX® surface coating exerts strong antimicrobial activity and successfully kills multi-resistant pathogens, including MRSA. The mode of action of AGXX® particles involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce an oxidative and metal stress response, increased protein thiol-oxidations, protein aggregations, and an oxidized bacillithiol (BSH) redox state in S. aureus. In this work, we report that the AGXX® particle size determines the effective dose and time-course of S. aureus USA300JE2 killing. We found that the two charges AGXX®373 and AGXX®383 differ strongly in their effective concentrations and times required for microbial killing. While 20–40 μg/ml AGXX®373 of the smaller particle size of 1.5–2.5 μm resulted in >99.9% killing after 2 h, much higher amounts of 60–80 μg/ml AGXX®383 of the larger particle size of >3.2 μm led to a >99% killing of S. aureus USA300JE2 within 3 h. Smaller AGXX® particles have a higher surface/volume ratio and therefore higher antimicrobial activity to kill at lower concentrations in a shorter time period compared to the larger particles. Thus, in future preparations of AGXX® particles, the size of the particles should be kept at a minimum for maximal antimicrobial activity.
Semiparametric Estimation of Longitudinal Medical Cost Trajectory
Creators: name: Li, Liang
name: Wu, Chih-Hsien
name: Ning, Jing
name: Huang, Xuelin
name: Shih, Ya-Chen Tina
name: Shen, Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Estimating the average monthly medical costs from disease diagnosis to a terminal event such as death for an incident cohort of patients is a topic of immense interest to researchers in health policy and health economics because patterns of average monthly costs over time reveal how medical costs vary across phases of care. The statistical challenges to estimating monthly medical costs longitudinally are multifold; the longitudinal cost trajectory (formed by plotting the average monthly costs from diagnosis to the terminal event) is likely to be nonlinear, with its shape depending on the time of the terminal event, which can be subject to right censoring. The goal of this article is to tackle this statistically challenging topic by estimating the conditional mean cost at any month t given the time of the terminal event s. The longitudinal cost trajectories with different terminal event times form a bivariate surface of t and s, under the constraint t ⩽ s. We propose to estimate this surface using bivariate penalized splines in an expectation-maximization algorithm that treats the censored terminal event times as missing data. We evaluate the proposed model and estimation method in simulations and apply the method to the medical cost data of an incident cohort of stage IV breast cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare Linked Database. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Covariant representation theory of the Poincaré algebra and some of its extensions
Creators: name: Boels, Rutger H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been substantial calculational progress in the last few years for gauge theory amplitudes which involve massless four dimensional particles. One of the central ingredients in this has been the ability to keep precise track of the Poincare algebra quantum numbers of the particles involved. Technically, this is most easily done using the well-known four dimensional spinor helicity method. In this article a natural generalization to all dimensions higher than four is obtained based on a covariant version of the representation theory of the Poincare algebra. Covariant expressions for all possible polarization states, both bosonic and fermionic, are constructed. For the fermionic states the analysis leads directly to pure spinors. The natural extension to the representation theory of the on-shell supersymmetry algebra results in an elementary derivation of the supersymmetry Ward identities for scattering amplitudes with massless or massive legs in any integer dimension from four onwards. As a proof-of-concept application a higher dimensional analog of the vanishing helicity-equal amplitudes in four dimensions is presented in (super) Yang-Mills theory, Einstein (super-)gravity and superstring theory in a flat background.
description: 46 pages, 3 figures, expanded discussion of gauge versus little group transformations, references added, published version
Crystal structure of rac-[1, 2-ethylene-bis(η5-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroindenyl)]1-hafna-4, 5-bis(trimethylsilyl)furan-3-one- tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, (C20H24)Hf(Me 3SiC2SiMe3CO2)B(C6F 5)3
Creators: name: Beweries, T.
name: Burlakov, V.V.
name: Rosenthal, U.
name: Spannenberg, A.
Publisher: name: Berlin : de Gruyter
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crystal structure
subject: Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 540

description: C47H42BF15HfO2Si2, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 15.7496(4) Å = 20.4074(5) Å= 16.3115(5) Å, β = 96.313(2)°, V= 5210.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.027, WRref(F 2) = 0.049, T= 200 K. © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
Crystal structure of η5-1-(tris(pentafluorophenyl) boranylmethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl-η5, η1-3,6-di-tert-butyl-9,10,11-trimethyl-bicyclo(6.3.0) undeca-3-en-8,10-dienyl)titanium(IV),Ti(C50H48BF 15)
Creators: name: Spannenberg, A.
name: Burlakov, V.V.
name: Rosenthal, U.
Publisher: name: Berlin : de Gruyter
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crystal structure
subject: Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 540

description: C50H48BF15Ti, monoclinic, P12 1/c1 (no. 14), a = 12.007(2) Å, b = 19.511(4) Å, c = 20.010(4) Å, β = 98.90(3)°, V= 4631.3 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.052, wRref(F2) = 0.120, T = 200 K. © by Oldenbourg Wissenchaftsverlag.
Transition of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands
Creators: name: Coppel, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM) Program, School of International, Political and Strategic Studies, College of Asia & the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: governance
Solomon Islands

description: "In 2012, the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) describes itself as being in a period of transition, or change, as it enters its next phase. The appropriateness of the timing for this transition, as well as the plans for the transition, is considered in this paper..." - page 1
The Effect of Allicin on the Proteome of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Calu-3 Cells
Creators: name: Mösbauer, Kirstin
name: Fritsch, Verena Nadin
name: Adrian, Lorenz
name: Bernhardt, Jörg
name: Gruhlke, Martin Clemens Horst
name: Slusarenko, Alan John
name: Niemeyer, Daniela
name: Antelmann, Haike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: allicin
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: proteome
subject: Vero E6
subject: Calu-3
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) is the major thiol-reactive organosulfur compound produced by garlic plants (Allium sativum) upon tissue damage. Allicin exerts its strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi via S-thioallylation of protein thiols and low molecular weight thiols. Here, we investigated the effect of allicin on SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells. Toxicity tests revealed that Calu-3 cells showed greater allicin tolerance, probably due to >4-fold higher GSH levels compared to the very sensitive Vero E6 cells. Exposure of infected Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells to biocompatible allicin doses led to a ∼60–70% decrease of viral RNA and infectious viral particles. Label-free quantitative proteomics was used to investigate the changes in the Calu-3 proteome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the effect of allicin on the host-virus proteome. SARS-CoV-2 infection of Calu-3 cells caused a strong induction of the antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) signature, including several antiviral effectors, such as cGAS, Mx1, IFIT, IFIH, IFI16, IFI44, OAS, and ISG15, pathways of vesicular transport, tight junctions (KIF5A/B/C, OSBPL2, CLTCL1, and ARHGAP17) and ubiquitin modification (UBE2L3/5), as well as reprogramming of host metabolism, transcription and translation. Allicin treatment of infected Calu-3 cells reduced the expression of IFN signaling pathways and ISG effectors and reverted several host pathways to levels of uninfected cells. Allicin further reduced the abundance of the structural viral proteins N, M, S and ORF3 in the host-virus proteome. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of biocompatible doses of allicin in SARS-CoV-2-infected cell cultures. Future drug research should be directed to exploit the thiol-reactivity of allicin derivatives with increased stability and lower human cell toxicity as antiviral lead compounds.
Physical plasma-treated skin cancer cells amplify tumor cytotoxicity of human natural killer (NK) cells
Creators: name: Clemen, Ramona
name: Heirman, Pepijn
name: Lin, Abraham
name: Bogaerts, Annemie
name: Bekeschus, Sander
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: KINPen
subject: NK-cells
subject: Plasma medicine
subject: Reactive oxygen species
subject: ROS
subject: 610

description: Skin cancers have the highest prevalence of all human cancers, with the most lethal forms being squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Besides the conventional local treatment approaches like surgery and radiotherapy, cold physical plasmas are emerging anticancer tools. Plasma technology is used as a therapeutic agent by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Evidence shows that inflammation and adaptive immunity are involved in cancer-reducing effects of plasma treatment, but the role of innate immune cells is still unclear. Natural killer (NK)-cells interact with target cells via activating and inhibiting surface receptors and kill in case of dominating activating signals. In this study, we investigated the effect of cold physical plasma (kINPen) on two skin cancer cell lines (A375 and A431), with non-malignant HaCaT keratinocytes as control, and identified a plasma treatment time-dependent toxicity that was more pronounced in the cancer cells. Plasma treatment also modulated the expression of activating and inhibiting receptors more profoundly in skin cancer cells compared to HaCaT cells, leading to significantly higher NK-cell killing rates in the tumor cells. Together with increased pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and IL-8, we conclude that plasma treatment spurs stress responses in skin cancer cells, eventually augmenting NK-cell activity. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Canonical and grand canonical partition functions of Dyson gases as tau-functions of integrable hierarchies and their fermionic realization
Creators: name: Zabrodin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The partition function for a canonical ensemble of 2D Coulomb charges in a background potential (the Dyson gas) is realized as a vacuum expectation value of a group-like element constructed in terms of free fermionic operators. This representation provides an explicit identification of the partition function with a tau-function of the 2D Toda lattice hierarchy. Its dispersionless (quasiclassical) limit yields the tau-function for analytic curves encoding the integrable structure of the inverse potential problem and parametric conformal maps. A similar fermionic realization of partition functions for grand canonical ensembles of 2D Coulomb charges in the presence of an ideal conductor is also suggested. Their representation as Fredholm determinants is given and their relation to integrable hierarchies, growth problems and conformal maps is discussed.
description: References added, minor changes
The effect of dry mergers on the color-magnitude relation of early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Skelton, Rosalind E.
name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of dry merging on the color-magnitude relation (CMR) of galaxies and find that the amount of merging predicted by a hierarchical model results in a red sequence that compares well with the observed low-redshift relation. A sample of 29,000 early-type galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 shows that the bright end of the CMR has a shallower slope and smaller scatter than the faint end. This magnitude dependence is predicted by a simple toy model in which gas-rich mergers move galaxies onto a "creation red sequence" (CRS) by quenching their star formation, and subsequent mergers between red, gas-poor galaxies (so-called "dry" mergers) move galaxies along the relation. We use galaxy merger trees from a semianalytic model of galaxy formation to test the amplitude of this effect and find a change in slope at the bright end that brackets the observations, using gas fraction thresholds of 10-30% to separate wet and dry mergers. A more realistic model that includes scatter in the CRS shows that dry merging decreases the scatter at the bright end. Contrary to previous claims, the small scatter in the observed CMR thus cannot be used to constrain the amount of dry merging.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJL
Single impurity operators at critical wrapping order in the beta-deformed N=4 SYM
Creators: name: Fiamberti, Francesco
name: Santambrogio, Alberto
name: Sieg, Christoph
name: Zanon, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectrum of one single magnon in the superconformal beta-deformed N=4 SYM theory in the planar limit. We compute the anomalous dimensions of one-impurity operators O_{1,L}= tr(phi Z^{L-1}), including wrapping contributions at their critical order L.
description: LaTeX, feynmf, Metapost, 20 pages, 11 figures, v2: results up to 11 loops completed, appendix on integral calculation extended
Additional file 2 of FAK displacement from focal adhesions: a promising strategy to target processes implicated in cancer progression and metastasis
Creators: name: Antoniades, Ioanna
name: Kyriakou, Maria
name: Charalambous, Anna
name: Kalalidou, Katerina
name: Christodoulou, Andri
name: Christoforou, Maria
name: Skourides, Paris A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of primers used for construct generation.
The Influence of Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Wound Infection and on the Colonization of Wound Drains in Patients After Correction of Craniosynostosis
Creators: name: Holle, Johannes
name: Finger, Tobias
name: Lugonja, Julia
name: Schmidt, Florian
name: Schaumann, Andreas
name: Gratopp, Alexander
name: Thomale, Ulrich-Wilhelm
name: Bernuth, Horst Von
name: Schulz, Matthias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis
subject: wound infection
subject: craniosynostoses/surgery
subject: antibiotic stewardship
subject: drain colonization
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: Evidence for the duration of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) after the correction of craniosynostosis in children is scarce. We evaluated the necessary duration of PAP to ensure a minimal rate of postoperative wound infections. Methods: In this monocentric, retrospective, and prospective pilot study, two PAP protocols were compared. From August 2017 to May 2018, treatment group 1 (TG 1) was treated using the standard PAP protocol with at least three doses of antibiotics. Between May 2018 and March 2019, a shortened PAP with a single-shot administration was given to treatment group 2 (TG 2a and b). Endpoints of this study were wound infection rate, colonization rate of wound drains, and the course of treatment reflected by clinical and laboratory data. Results: A cohort of 187 children underwent craniosynostosis correction: 167 were treated according to protocols--95 patients with at least three doses (TG 1) and 72 patients with a single-shot of cefuroxime (TG 2a). Baseline characteristics were similar for both groups. We could not detect significant differences, neither for wound infection rates (TG 1: 1.1%, TG 2a: 0.0%, p = 0.38) nor for colonization rates of wound drains (TG 1: 4.8%, TG 2a: 10.5%, p = 0.27). Conclusions: Single-shot PAP had no adverse effects on the wound infection rate or the colonization rate of the wound drains compared with prolonged perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. As a result, single-shot preoperative PAP is now applied to the majority craniosynostosis patients undergoing surgical correction in our unit.
Generalized Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Equations for Pair and Electron-Ion Plasmas
Creators: name: Koide, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derived one-fluid equations based on a relativistic two-fluid approximation of e$^\pm$ pair plasma and electron-ion plasma to reveal the specific relativistic nature of their behavior. Assuming simple condition on the relativistic one-fluid equations, we propose generalized relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) equations which satisfy causality. We show the linear analyses of these equations regarding various plasma waves to show the validity of the generalized RMHD equations derived here and to reveal the distinct properties of the pair plasma and electron-ion plasma. The distinct properties relate to (i) the inertia effect of electric charge, (ii) the momentum of electric current, (iii) the relativistic Hall effect, (iv) the thermal electromotive force, and (v) the thermalized energy exchange between the two fluids. Using the generalized RMHD equations, we also clarify the condition that we can use standard RMHD equations and that we need the distinct RMHD equations of pair and electron-ion plasmas. The standard RMHD is available only when the relative velocity of the two fluids is nonrelativistic, a difference of the enthalpy densities of the two fluids is much smaller than the total enthalpy density, and the above distinct properties of the pair/electron-ion plasma are negligible. We discuss a general relativistic version of the equations applicable to the pair and electron-ion plasmas in black hole magnetospheres. We find the effective resistivity due to shear of frame ragging around a rotating black hole.
description: Comments: 34 pages, 1 figures, The Astrophysical Journal, in press
Crystal structures of tribromo(η5-3,6-di-tert-butyl-9,10,11- trimethyl-bicyclo(6.3.0)undeca-4-en-8,10-dienyl)titanium(IV), Ti(C 22H35)Br3, and tribromo(η5-4,5- dibromo-3,6-di-tert-butyl-9,10,11-trimethyl-bicyclo(6.3.0)undeca-8,10-dienyl) titanium(IV), Ti(C22H35Br2)Br3
Creators: name: Spannenberg, A.
name: Burlakov, V.V.
name: Rosenthal, U.
Publisher: name: Berlin : de Gruyter
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crystal structure
subject: Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 540

description: C22H35Br3Ti, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.621(2) Å, b = 11.796(2) Å, c = 12.232(2) Å, α = 102.23(3)°, β = 97.71(3)°, γ = 112.32(3)°, V = 1219.2 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.058, wRobs(F 2) = 0.134, T = 293 K. C22H35Br5Ti, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 7.474(1) Å, b = 18.458(4) Å, c = 20.171(4) Å, β = 100.28(3)°, V= 2738.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.054, wRobs(F 2) = 0.119, T = 293 K. © by Oldenbourg Wissenchaftsverlag.
Coalescing binaries as possible standard candles
Creators: name: Capozziello, S.
name: De Laurentis, M.
name: Formisano, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves detected from well-localized inspiraling binaries would allow to determine, directly and independently, both binary luminosity and redshift. In this case, such systems could behave as "standard candles" providing an excellent probe of cosmic distances up to $z <0.1$ and thus complementing other indicators of cosmological distance ladder.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. accepted in Astroparticle Physics