cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Application of the punched-card method to the statistical and accounting problems of Texas business as exemplified by representative case studies
Creators: name: Traweek, Stella
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1949
Subjects: subject: Punched card systems
subject: Texas
subject: Case studies
subject: Business records
subject: Punched-card method
subject: Business accounting methods
subject: Business statistical methods
subject: Punched card machines
subject: Punched card use
subject: Punched card systems--Texas--Case studies
subject: Business records--Texas--Case studies
subject: Business enterprises--Texas--Statistics--Case studies
subject: Accounting--Texas--Case studies

description: The modern punched-card method is a natural outcome of the increasing size of business operations. It is one of the children mothered by necessity, and necessity in Texas is great enough to warrant more use of punched cards than is made at present. It is evident, also, that progress is being accelerated in her industrialization and that her need for fast and efficient methods is increasing rapidly. Routine tasks and paper work of all kinds show signs of becoming an impeding burden. I have attempted here to set out-some of the observations I have made in a study of representative Texas businesses and to present some suggestions for improvement. I have found superlative enthusiasm on the part of the users of the punched-card method. Not only have they been universally cooperative in explaining the advantages of the method in their individual businesses, but it has seemed throughout my studies that they have a gospel they are anxious to preach for the good of their fellow workers with quantity records. Once the machines have been used with punched cards to prepare records, it is hard for the user to understand why everybody with any quantity or variety of record keeping does not adopt the method. When a new machine is offered to further shorten or simplify a troublesome process, some Texas users are quick to install and use it. The Texas Department of Public Welfare had the first check-writing collator in this part of the nation. Humble Oil and Refining Company installed one of the first IBM electronic multiplying punches. Yet there are many places in Texas business for profitable use of the punched cards where they are not being used. The most important fact that has been evidenced is the need for education in the use of the punched-card method -- formal education in the colleges and universities for future leaders in Texas business, on-the-job education for people in business who resist the use of the method because they do not understand its advantages. It is my hope that I have set out a picture of the punched-card potentialities in Texas that may assist in the progress of the State toward utilization of the best available devices for increasing speed, efficiency, and precision in keeping business records
The Informational Role of the Media in Private Lending
Creators: name: Bushman, Robert M.
name: Williams, Christopher D.
name: Wittenberg-Moerman, Regina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: ABSTRACT We investigate whether a borrower's media coverage influences the syndicated loan origination and participation decisions of informationally disadvantaged lenders, loan syndicate structures, and interest spreads. In syndicated loan deals, information asymmetries can exist between lenders that have a relationship with a borrower and less informed, nonrelationship lenders competing to serve as lead arranger on a syndicated loan, and also between lead arrangers and less informed syndicate participants. Theory suggests that the aggressiveness with which less informed lenders compete for a loan deal increases in the sentiment of public information signals about a borrower. We extend this theory to syndicated loans and hypothesize that the likelihood of less informed lenders serving as the lead arranger or joining a loan syndicate is increasing in the sentiment of media‐initiated, borrower‐specific articles published prior to loan origination. We find that as media sentiment increases (1) outside, nonrelationship lenders have a higher probability of originating loans; (2) syndicate participants are less likely to have a previous relationship with the borrower or lead bank; (3) lead banks retain a lower percentage of loans; and (4) loan spreads decrease.
Totally geodesic surfaces in twist knot complements
Creators: name: Le, Khanh
name: Palmer, Rebekah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we give explicit examples of infinitely many non-commensurable (non-arithmetic) hyperbolic $3$-manifolds admitting exactly $k$ totally geodesic surfaces for any positive integer $k$, answering a question of Bader, Fisher, Miller and Stover. The construction comes from a family of twist knot complements and their dihedral covers. The case $k=1$ arises from the uniqueness of an immersed totally geodesic thrice-punctured sphere, answering a question of Reid. Applying the proof techniques of the main result, we explicitly construct non-elementary maximal Fuchsian subgroups of infinite covolume within twist knot groups, and we also show that no twist knot complement with odd prime half twists is right-angled in the sense of Champanerkar, Kofman, and Purcell.
description: v2. Corrected typos, included Magma and SageMath codes in ancillary files. 25 pages, 6 figures
Parts and Composites of Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Gudder, Stan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider three types of entities for quantum measurements. In order of generality, these types are: observables, instruments and measurement models. If $α$ and $β$ are entities, we define what it means for $α$ to be a part of $β$. This relationship is essentially equivalent to $α$ being a function of $β$ and in this case $β$ can be employed to measure $α$. We then use the concept to define coexistence of entities and study its properties. A crucial role is played by a map $\alphahat$ which takes an entity of a certain type to one of lower type. For example, if $\iscript$ is an instrument, then $\iscripthat$ is the unique observable measured by $\iscript$. Composite systems are discussed next. These are constructed by taking the tensor product of the Hilbert spaces of the systems being combined. Composites of the three types of measurements and their parts are studied. Reductions of types to their local components are discussed. We also consider sequential products of measurements. Specific examples of Lüders, Kraus and trivial instruments are used to illustrate various concepts. We only consider finite-dimensional systems in this article.
description: 26 pages
Representations of a reductive $p$-adic group in characteristic distinct from $p$
Creators: name: Henniart, Guy
name: Vignéras, Marie-France
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11, 20

description: We investigate the irreducible cuspidal $C$-representations of a reductive $p$-adic group $G$ over a field $C$ of characteristic different from $p$. When $C$ is algebraically closed, for many groups $G$, a list of cuspidal $C$-types $(J,λ)$ has been produced satisfying exhaustion, sometimes for a restricted kind of cuspidal representations, and often unicity. We verify that those lists verify Aut($C$)-stability and we produce similar lists when $C$ is no longer assumed algebraically closed. Our other main results concern supercuspidality. This notion makes sense for the representations $λ$ in the cuspidal $C$-types $(J,λ)$ as above, which involve finite reductive groups. We check that an irreducible cuspidal representation of $G$ induced from $λ$ is supercuspidal if and only $λ$ is supercuspidal.
description: 45 pages This is the final version
Landau quantization and mass-radius relation of magnetized White Dwarfs in general relativity
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Somnath
name: Atta, Debasis
name: Basu, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, several white dwarfs have been proposed with masses significantly above the Chandrasekhar limit, known as Super-Chandrasekhar White Dwarfs, to account for the overluminous Type Ia supernovae. In the present work, Equation of State of a completely degenerate relativistic electron gas in magnetic field based on Landau quantization of charged particles in a magnetic field is developed. The mass-radius relations for magnetized White Dwarfs are obtained by solving the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations. The effects of the magnetic energy density and pressure contributed by a density-dependent magnetic field are treated properly to find the stability configurations of realistic magnetic White Dwarf stars.
description: 8 pages including 4 Tables & 4 figures; Typographical error of Eqn.(29) is corrected and 3 new Refs. added in this version
The Limit of the Inverse Mean Curvature Flow on a Torus
Creators: name: Harvie, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For an $H>0$ rotationally symmetric embedded torus $N_{0} \subset \mathbb{R}^{3}$, evolved by Inverse Mean Curvature Flow, we show that the total curvature $|A|$ remains bounded up to the singular time $T_{\max}$. We then show convergence of the $N_{t}$ to a $C^{1}$ rotationally symmetric embedded torus $N_{T_{\max}}$ as $t \rightarrow T_{\max}$ without rescaling. Later, we observe a scale-invariant $L^{2}$ energy estimate on any embedded solution of the flow in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ that may be useful in ruling out curvature blowup near singularities in general.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, some minor typos corrected. Final version to appear in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Giant magnetocaloric effect from reverse martensitic transformation in Ni-Mn-Ga-Cu ferromagnetic shape memory alloys
Creators: name: Sarkar, Sudip Kumar
name: Sarita
name: Babu, P. D.
name: Biswas, Aniruddha
name: Siruguri, Vasudeva
name: krishnan, Madangopal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an effort to produce Giant Magnetocaloric effect (GMCE) near room temperature, in a first ever such study, the austenite transformation temperature (As) was fine tuned to ferromagnetic Curie temperature (TC) in Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FSMA) and a large GMCE of delta-SM = - 81.75 J/Kg-K was achieved in Ni50Mn18.5Cu6.5Ga25 alloy during reverse martensitic transformation (heating cycle) for a magnetic field change of 9 T at 302.5 K. Fine tuning of As with TC was achieved by Cu substitution in Ni50Mn25-xCuxGa25 (0< x < 7.0)-based FSMAs. Characterizations of these alloys were carried out using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and DC magnetization measurements. Addition of Cu to stoichiometric Heusler type Ni2MnGa increases the martensitic transformation temperatures and decreases TC. Concurrently, DSM increases with Cu addition and peaks at 6.5 at. % Cu for which there is a virtual overlap between TC and As. Maximum Refrigerant Capacity (RCP) of 327.01 J/Kg was also achieved in the heating cycle for 9 T field change at 302.5 K. Corresponding values for the cooling cycle measurements (measured during forward transformation) were 30.4 J/Kg-K and 123.52 J/Kg respectively for the same 6.5 at. % Cu sample and same thermo-magnetic conditions.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, submitted to Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Treating Women Who Are Pregnant and Parenting for Opioid Use Disorder and the Concurrent Care of Their Infants and Children: Literature Review to Support National Guidance
Creators: name: Isaacs, Krystyna
name: Vender, Jeff
name: Klaman, Stacey L.
name: Hayashi, Susan
name: Leopold, Anne
name: Jones, Hendrée E.
name: Perpich, Joseph
name: Campopiano, Melinda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy is increasing. Practical recommendations will help providers treat pregnant women with OUD and reduce potentially negative health consequences for mother, fetus, and child. This article summarizes the literature review conducted using the RAND/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method project completed by the US Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration to obtain current evidence on treatment approaches for pregnant and parenting women with OUD and their infants and children.
Structure-Grounded Pretraining for Text-to-SQL
Creators: name: Deng, Xiang
name: Awadallah, Ahmed Hassan
name: Meek, Christopher
name: Polozov, Oleksandr
name: Sun, Huan
name: Richardson, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning to capture text-table alignment is essential for tasks like text-to-SQL. A model needs to correctly recognize natural language references to columns and values and to ground them in the given database schema. In this paper, we present a novel weakly supervised Structure-Grounded pretraining framework (StruG) for text-to-SQL that can effectively learn to capture text-table alignment based on a parallel text-table corpus. We identify a set of novel prediction tasks: column grounding, value grounding and column-value mapping, and leverage them to pretrain a text-table encoder. Additionally, to evaluate different methods under more realistic text-table alignment settings, we create a new evaluation set Spider-Realistic based on Spider dev set with explicit mentions of column names removed, and adopt eight existing text-to-SQL datasets for cross-database evaluation. STRUG brings significant improvement over BERT-LARGE in all settings. Compared with existing pretraining methods such as GRAPPA, STRUG achieves similar performance on Spider, and outperforms all baselines on more realistic sets. The Spider-Realistic dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5205322.
description: Accepted to NAACL 2021. The Spider-Realistic dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5205322
RESUS: Warm-Up Cold Users via Meta-Learning Residual User Preferences in CTR Prediction
Creators: name: Shen, Yanyan
name: Zhao, Lifan
name: Cheng, Weiyu
name: Zhang, Zibin
name: Zhou, Wenwen
name: Lin, Kangyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction on cold users is a challenging task in recommender systems. Recent researches have resorted to meta-learning to tackle the cold-user challenge, which either perform few-shot user representation learning or adopt optimization-based meta-learning. However, existing methods suffer from information loss or inefficient optimization process, and they fail to explicitly model global user preference knowledge which is crucial to complement the sparse and insufficient preference information of cold users. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient approach named RESUS, which decouples the learning of global preference knowledge contributed by collective users from the learning of residual preferences for individual users. Specifically, we employ a shared predictor to infer basis user preferences, which acquires global preference knowledge from the interactions of different users. Meanwhile, we develop two efficient algorithms based on the nearest neighbor and ridge regression predictors, which infer residual user preferences via learning quickly from a few user-specific interactions. Extensive experiments on three public datasets demonstrate that our RESUS approach is efficient and effective in improving CTR prediction accuracy on cold users, compared with various state-of-the-art methods.
description: Accepted by TOIS 2022. Code are available in https://github.com/MogicianXD/RESUS
Care Transitions in Childhood Cancer Survivorship: Providers' Perspectives
Creators: name: Barrington, Clare
name: Earp, Jo Anne L.
name: Mouw, Mary S.
name: Wertman, Eleanor A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Purpose: Most adolescent and young adult (AYA)-aged childhood cancer survivors develop physical and/or psychosocial sequelae; however, many do not receive long-term follow-up (LTF) critical for screening, prevention, and treatment of late effects. To develop a health services research agenda to optimize care models, we conducted qualitative research with LTF providers examining existing models, and successes and challenges in maintaining survivors' connections to care across their transition to adulthood.
Multi-camera Realtime 3D Tracking of Multiple Flying Animals
Creators: name: Straw, Andrew D.
name: Branson, Kristin
name: Neumann, Titus R.
name: Dickinson, Michael H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated tracking of animal movement allows analyses that would not otherwise be possible by providing great quantities of data. The additional capability of tracking in realtime - with minimal latency - opens up the experimental possibility of manipulating sensory feedback, thus allowing detailed explorations of the neural basis for control of behavior. Here we describe a new system capable of tracking the position and body orientation of animals such as flies and birds. The system operates with less than 40 msec latency and can track multiple animals simultaneously. To achieve these results, a multi target tracking algorithm was developed based on the Extended Kalman Filter and the Nearest Neighbor Standard Filter data association algorithm. In one implementation, an eleven camera system is capable of tracking three flies simultaneously at 60 frames per second using a gigabit network of nine standard Intel Pentium 4 and Core 2 Duo computers. This manuscript presents the rationale and details of the algorithms employed and shows three implementations of the system. An experiment was performed using the tracking system to measure the effect of visual contrast on the flight speed of Drosophila melanogaster. At low contrasts, speed is more variable and faster on average than at high contrasts. Thus, the system is already a useful tool to study the neurobiology and behavior of freely flying animals. If combined with other techniques, such as `virtual reality'-type computer graphics or genetic manipulation, the tracking system would offer a powerful new way to investigate the biology of flying animals.
description: pdfTeX using libpoppler 3.141592-1.40.3-2.2 (Web2C 7.5.6), 18 pages with 9 figures
Spin-dependent two-body interactions from gravitational self-force computations
Creators: name: Bini, Donato
name: Damour, Thibault
name: Geralico, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically compute, through the eight-and-a-half post-Newtonian order and the fourth-order in spin, the gravitational self-force correction to Detweiler's gauge invariant redshift function for a small mass in circular orbit around a Kerr black hole. Using the first law of mechanics for black hole binaries with spin [L.~Blanchet, A.~Buonanno and A.~Le Tiec, Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 87}, 024030 (2013)] we transcribe our results into a knowledge of various spin-dependent couplings, as encoded within the spinning effective-one-body model of T.~Damour and A.~Nagar [Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 90}, 044018 (2014)]. We also compare our analytical results to the (corrected) numerical self-force results of A.~G.~Shah, J.~L.~Friedman and T.~S.~Keidl [Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 86}, 084059 (2012)], from which we show how to directly extract physically relevant spin-dependent couplings.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, revtex macros used; misprints corrected in the 8.5PN-level coefficients of $-h_{kk}^{(1)}$, Eq. (3.7), and $-\delta U^{(1)}$, Eq. (3.11)
Non-Perturbative Regularization of 1+1D Anomaly-Free Chiral Fermions and Bosons: On the equivalence of anomaly matching conditions and boundary gapping rules
Creators: name: Wang, Juven
name: Wen, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-perturbative lattice regularization of chiral fermions and bosons with anomaly-free symmetry $G$ in 1+1D spacetime is proposed. More precisely, we ask "whether there is a local short-range quantum Hamiltonian with a finite Hilbert space for a finite system realizing onsite symmetry $G$ defined on a 1D spatial lattice, such that its low energy physics produces a 1+1D anomaly-free chiral matter theory of symmetry $G$?" In particular, we propose that the 3$_L$-5$_R$-4$_L$-0$_R$ U(1) chiral fermion theory, with two left-moving fermions of charge-3 and 4, and two right-moving fermions of charge-5 and 0 at low energy, can be put on a 1D spatial lattice where the U(1) symmetry is realized as an onsite symmetry, if we include properly designed multi-fermion interactions with intermediate strength. In general, we propose that any 1+1D U(1)-anomaly-free chiral matter theory can be defined as a finite system on a 1D lattice with onsite symmetry by using a quantum Hamiltonian with continuous time, but without suffering from Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem's fermion-doubling, if we include properly-designed interactions between matter fields. We propose how to design such interactions by looking for extra symmetries via bosonization/fermionization. We comment on the new ingredients and the differences of ours compared to Ginsparg-Wilson fermion, Eichten-Preskill, and Chen-Giedt-Poppitz (CGP) models, and suggest modifying CGP model to have successful mirror-decoupling. We show a topological non-perturbative proof of the equivalence between $G$-symmetric 't Hooft anomaly cancellation conditions and $G$-symmetric gapping rules (e.g. Haldane's stability conditions for Luttinger liquid) for multi-U(1) symmetry. We expect our result holds universally regardless of spatial Hamiltonian or Lagrangian/spacetime path integral formulation. Numerical tests are demanding tasks but highly desirable for future work.
description: 41 pages. Sec IV and Appendix C,D,E with a proof of 't Hooft anomaly matching condition = boundary fully gapping rules, Appendix B on Ginsparg-Wilson fermions as SPT edge states with a non-onsite symmetry. A variant model in arXiv:1807.05998. Numerical simulation later verified in: arXiv:2202.12355. Special thanks to Erich Poppitz, John Preskill and Edward Witten. Accepted by Physical Review B
k-Colorability is Graph Automaton Recognizable
Creators: name: Kalampakas, Antonios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automata operating on general graphs have been introduced by virtue of graphoids. In this paper we construct a graph automaton that recognizes $k$-colorable graphs.
Alyssum siculum Jord., Diagn. Esp. Nouv.
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Galasso, Gabriele
name: Domina, Gianniantonio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
name: Santangelo, Annalisa
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Astuti, Giovanni
name: D'Antraccoli, Marco
name: Roma-Marzio, Francesco
name: Ardenghi, Nicola M. G.
name: Barberis, Giuseppina
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bernardo, Liliana
name: Peccenini, Simonetta
name: Stinca, Adriano
name: Wagensommer, Robert P.
name: Bonari, Gianmaria
name: Iamonico, Duilio
name: Iberite, Mauro
name: Viciani, Daniele
name: Guacchio, Emanuele Del
name: Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del
name: Lastrucci, Lorenzo
name: Villani, Mariacristina
name: Brunu, Antonello
name: Magrini, Sara
name: Pistarino, Annalaura
name: Brullo, Salvatore
name: Salmeri, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Alyssum
Alyssum siculum

description: Alyssum siculum Jord., Diagn. Esp. Nouv.: 202. 1864.
 Ind. Loc.:—“Hab. in Sicilia. Colui ex seminibus plantae siculae spontanae ab horto botanico panormitano acceptis”. SIC
 Type:—Not designated.
 Compiled by:— G. Brundu
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Santangelo, Annalisa, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Astuti, Giovanni, D'Antraccoli, Marco, Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Barberis, Giuseppina, Conti, Fabio, Bernardo, Liliana, Peccenini, Simonetta, Stinca, Adriano, Wagensommer, Robert P., Bonari, Gianmaria, Iamonico, Duilio, Iberite, Mauro, Viciani, Daniele, Guacchio, Emanuele Del, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Villani, Mariacristina, Brunu, Antonello, Magrini, Sara, Pistarino, Annalaura, Brullo, Salvatore & Salmeri, Cristina, 2019, An inventory of the names of native, non-endemic vascular plants described from Italy, their loci classici and types, pp. 1-215 in Phytotaxa 410 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13716045
The Protection of Child Soldiers under the Ethiopian Law
Creators: name: Ketema, Abel
name: Gessesse, Fasil Mulatu
Publisher: name: Ethiopian Journal of Human Rights
Year: 2023

description: The proliferation of civil wars in different parts of the world has enabled us to witness the participation of children on the front line. Among the measures taken to prohibit the recruitment of children and their participation in hostilities is the endorsed international humanitarian and human rights standards prohibiting child soldiering. This article aims to examine the legal frameworks of Ethiopia in protecting children against recruitment and participation in armed conflict. The issue of protection was scrutinized from the perspective of pre and post recruitment or participation of children in hostilities. To do so, primary legal sources, such as FDRE Constitution and other subordinate laws are analysed. Further, officials working in different institutions were interviewed to better analyse the adequacy of the laws in protecting children against recruitment and participation in armed conflict. This article argues that while Ethiopia has tried to protect child soldiers by enacting different laws with direct and indirect relevance to their participation in armed conflict, these laws are limited to governing national armed force. In other words, the recruitment of children by armed groups in Ethiopia is not criminalized as per existing laws.
description: Ethiopian Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 7 (2022): Ethiopian Journal of Human Rights
Achieving Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood—Which Adolescent Factors Matter?
Creators: name: Richmond, Tracy K.
name: Gillman, Matthew W.
name: Field, Alison E.
name: Shay, Christina M.
name: Milliren, Carly
name: Gooding, Holly C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: AbstractPurposeTo examine associations of adolescent body mass index (BMI), tobacco use, and physical activity with optimal physiologic cardiovascular health (CVH) in adulthood.MethodsData were from 12,139 participants in Waves I (1995–1996) and IV (2007–2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We defined optimal CVH as normal blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol without diabetes or cardiovascular disease. We used logistic regression to estimate odds of having optimal CVH at ages 24–32 years (Wave IV) according to BMI category, smoking status, and physical activity at ages 11–19 years (Wave I).ResultsFew young adults (16%) had optimal CVH. Adolescents with normal BMI were more than twice as likely to have optimal young adult CVH compared to those who were obese (adjusted odds ratio, 2.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.97–3.89). Adolescent smoking and physical activity did not predict young adult CVH.ConclusionsLower adolescent BMI is associated with young adult CVH.
A contamination-free electron-transparent metallic sample preparation method for MEMS experiments with in situ S/TEM
Creators: name: Tunes, Matheus A.
name: Quick, Cameron
name: Stemper, Lukas
name: Coradini, Diego S. R.
name: Grasserbauer, Jakob
name: Dumitraschkewitz, Phillip
name: Kremmer, Thomas M.
name: Pogatscher, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are currently supporting ground-breaking basic research in materials science and metallurgy as they allow in situ experiments on materials at the nanoscale within electron-microscopes in a wide variety of different conditions such as extreme materials dynamics under ultrafast heating and quenching rates as well as in complex electro-chemical environments. Electron-transparent sample preparation for MEMS e-chips remains a challenge for this technology as the existing methodologies can introduce contaminants, thus disrupting the experiments and the analysis of results. Herein we introduce a methodology for simple and fast electron-transparent sample preparation for MEMS e-chips without significant contamination. The quality of the samples as well as their performance during a MEMS e-chip experiment in situ within an electron-microscope are evaluated during a heat treatment of a crossover AlMgZn(Cu) alloy.
description: Preprint submitted to Microscopy and Microanalysis
Towards prediction of turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers using high performance computing data and deep learning
Creators: name: Bode, Mathis
name: Gauding, Michael
name: Göbbert, Jens Henrik
name: Liao, Baohao
name: Jitsev, Jenia
name: Pitsch, Heinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, deep learning (DL) methods are evaluated in the context of turbulent flows. Various generative adversarial networks (GANs) are discussed with respect to their suitability for understanding and modeling turbulence. Wasserstein GANs (WGANs) are then chosen to generate small-scale turbulence. Highly resolved direct numerical simulation (DNS) turbulent data is used for training the WGANs and the effect of network parameters, such as learning rate and loss function, is studied. Qualitatively good agreement between DNS input data and generated turbulent structures is shown. A quantitative statistical assessment of the predicted turbulent fields is performed.
Harmonic quasi-isometries of pinched Hadamard surfaces are injective
Creators: name: Benoist, Yves
name: Hulin, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a harmonic quasi-isometric map between pinched Hadamard surfaces is a quasi-conformal diffeomorphism.
The concordance crosscap number and rational Witt span of a knot
Creators: name: Jabuka, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27 (Primary), 57M25 (Secondary)

description: The concordance crosscap number $γ_c(K)$ of a knot $K$ is the smallest crosscap number $γ_3(K')$ of any knot $K'$ concordant to $K$ (and with $γ_3(K')$ defined as the least first Betti number of any nonorientable surface $Σ$ embedded in $S^3$ with boundary $K'$). This invariant has been introduced and studied by Zhang using knot determinants and signatures, and has further been studied by Livingston using the Alexander polynomial. We show in this work that the rational Witt class of a knot can be used to obtain a lower bound on the concordance crosscap number, by means of a new integer-valued invariant we call the Witt span of the knot.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures
Quantum speed limits, coherence and asymmetry
Creators: name: Marvian, Iman
name: Spekkens, Robert W.
name: Zanardi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resource theory of asymmetry is a framework for classifying and quantifying the symmetry-breaking properties of both states and operations relative to a given symmetry. In the special case where the symmetry is the set of translations generated by a fixed observable, asymmetry can be interpreted as coherence relative to the observable eigenbasis, and the resource theory of asymmetry provides a framework to study this notion of coherence. We here show that this notion of coherence naturally arises in the context of quantum speed limits. Indeed, the very concept of speed of evolution, i.e., the inverse of the minimum time it takes the system to evolve to another (partially) distinguishable state, is a measure of asymmetry relative to the time translations generated by the system Hamiltonian. Furthermore, the celebrated Mandelstam-Tamm and Margolus-Levitin speed limits can be interpreted as upper bounds on this measure of asymmetry by functions which are themselves measures of asymmetry in the special case of pure states. Using measures of asymmetry that are not restricted to pure states, such as the Wigner-Yanase skew information, we obtain extensions of the Mandelstam-Tamm bound which are significantly tighter in the case of mixed states. We also clarify some confusions in the literature about coherence and asymmetry, and show that measures of coherence are a proper subset of measures of asymmetry.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, Published version
Minimum Degrees of Minimal Ramsey Graphs for Almost-Cliques
Creators: name: Grinshpun, Andrey
name: Raina, Raj
name: Sengupta, Rik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05D10

description: For graphs $F$ and $H$, we say $F$ is Ramsey for $H$ if every $2$-coloring of the edges of $F$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. The graph $F$ is Ramsey $H$-minimal if $F$ is Ramsey for $H$ and there is no proper subgraph $F'$ of $F$ so that $F'$ is Ramsey for $H$. Burr, Erdos, and Lovasz defined $s(H)$ to be the minimum degree of $F$ over all Ramsey $H$-minimal graphs $F$. Define $H_{t,d}$ to be a graph on $t+1$ vertices consisting of a complete graph on $t$ vertices and one additional vertex of degree $d$. We show that $s(H_{t,d})=d^2$ for all values $1
description: 10 pages; 3 figures
Assessment of global warming in Al Buraimi, sultanate of Oman based on statistical analysis of NASA POWER data over 39 years, and testing the reliability of NASA POWER against meteorological measurements
Creators: name: Marzouk, Osama A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2; G.3
subject: 62P12, 62J05

description: We performed a number of statistical analysis methods on the historical data for the air temperature at 2 m above the ground and its range, as reported by the database of NASA known as POWER, which stands for Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources. The point of analysis is the University of Buraimi, located in Al Buraimi Governate, in the Northwest of the Sultanate of Oman, near its border with United Arab Emirates (UAE). The data is in the form of a value per day, for every day in the year. The data analyzed span the period from January 3rd, 1981 (earliest day available) to December 31st, 2019 (latest end-of-year available). The statistical analysis methods include: simple linear regression, F-test: two-sample for variances, analysis of variance (ANOVA): single factor, and t-test: two-sample assuming equal variances (pooled). The results show that the mean of the local 2-meter air temperature is increasing at a rate of about 0.039 °C per year, starting from an estimated value of 27.4 °C in 1980. For the standard deviation of the 2-meter air temperature, and the mean and standard deviation of its range; although a linear regression analysis suggests a decline over time, the regression coefficient is not significant. On the other hand, the analysis of variance for the 9 years 1981, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019 suggests existence of statistical difference among them collectively, for the 2-meter air temperature and its range. In the second part of this work, NASA POWER data for the air temperature at 2 m above the ground, the atmospheric pressure, the relative humidity at 2 m above the ground, and the daily precipitation were compared with recorded sensor measurements at Manah meteorological station, located in Al Dakhiliyah Governate, in the Northeast of the Sultanate of Oman over all days of years 2011, 2012, 2015, and 2016.
On inversion and connection coefficients for basic hypergeometric polynomials
Creators: name: Chaggara, Hamza
name: Mabrouk, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C45, 41A10, 41A58

description: In this paper, we propose a general method to express explicitly the inversion and the connection coefficients between two basic hypergeometric polynomial sets. As application, we consider some $d$-orthogonal basic hypergeometric polynomials and we derive expansion formulae corresponding to all the families within the $q$-Askey scheme.
description: 15 pages
Compact groups with a set of positive Haar measure satisfying a nilpotent law
Creators: name: Abdollahi, Alireza
name: Malekan, Meisam soleimani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E18, 20P05

description: The following question is proposed in [4, Question 1.20]: Let $G$ be a compact group, and suppose that $$\mathcal{N}_k(G) = \{(x1,\dots,x_{k+1}) \in G^{k+1} \;\|; [x_1,\dots, x_{k+1}] = 1\}$$ has positive Haar measure in $G^{k+1}$. Does $G$ have an open $k$-step nilpotent subgroup? The case $k = 1$ is already known. We positively answer it for $k = 2$.
Androsace obtusifolia All., Fl. Pedem.
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Galasso, Gabriele
name: Domina, Gianniantonio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
name: Santangelo, Annalisa
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Astuti, Giovanni
name: D'Antraccoli, Marco
name: Roma-Marzio, Francesco
name: Ardenghi, Nicola M. G.
name: Barberis, Giuseppina
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bernardo, Liliana
name: Peccenini, Simonetta
name: Stinca, Adriano
name: Wagensommer, Robert P.
name: Bonari, Gianmaria
name: Iamonico, Duilio
name: Iberite, Mauro
name: Viciani, Daniele
name: Guacchio, Emanuele Del
name: Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del
name: Lastrucci, Lorenzo
name: Villani, Mariacristina
name: Brunu, Antonello
name: Magrini, Sara
name: Pistarino, Annalaura
name: Brullo, Salvatore
name: Salmeri, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Ericales
Primulaceae
Androsace
Androsace obtusifolia

description: Androsace obtusifolia All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 90 (3: 11, pl. 46 fig. 1). 1785. [April–July 1785]
 Ind. Loc.:—“Nascitur abunde in herbidis nivosis jugis du Vallon in valle de Exilles, in alpibus Savine, & in utroque monte Cenisio. Felix Valle legit secus viam, quae ex monte Vallon de Chaumont ducit ad superiorem Cray e du Credenage appellatum. In summis etiam alpibus Grajis identidem occurrit”. EST, PIE
 Type:—Not designated.
 Compiled by:— A. Alessandrini
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Santangelo, Annalisa, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Astuti, Giovanni, D'Antraccoli, Marco, Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Barberis, Giuseppina, Conti, Fabio, Bernardo, Liliana, Peccenini, Simonetta, Stinca, Adriano, Wagensommer, Robert P., Bonari, Gianmaria, Iamonico, Duilio, Iberite, Mauro, Viciani, Daniele, Guacchio, Emanuele Del, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Villani, Mariacristina, Brunu, Antonello, Magrini, Sara, Pistarino, Annalaura, Brullo, Salvatore & Salmeri, Cristina, 2019, An inventory of the names of native, non-endemic vascular plants described from Italy, their loci classici and types, pp. 1-215 in Phytotaxa 410 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13716045
Quantification of CO2 generation in sedimentary basins through Carbonate Clays Reactions with uncertain thermodynamic parameters
Creators: name: Ceriotti, Giulia
name: Porta, Giovanni M
name: Geloni, Claudio
name: Rosa, Matilde Dalla
name: Guadagnini, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a methodological framework and mathematical formulation which yields estimates of the uncertainty associated with the amounts of CO2 generated by carbonate-clays reactions (CCR) in large-scale subsurface systems to assist characterization of the main features of this geochemical process. Our approach couples a one-dimensional compaction model, providing the dynamics of the evolution of porosity, temperature and pressure along the vertical direction, with a chemical model able to quantify the partial pressure of CO2 resulting from minerals and pore water interaction. The modeling framework we propose allows (i) estimating the depth at which the source of gases is located and (ii) quantifying the amount of CO2 generated, based on the mineralogy of the sediments involved in the basin formation process. A distinctive objective of the study is the quantification of the way the uncertainty affecting chemical equilibrium constants propagates to model outputs, i.e., the flux of CO2. These parameters are considered as key sources of uncertainty in our modeling approach because temperature and pressure distributions associated with deep burial depths typically fall outside the range of validity of commonly employed geochemical databases and typically used geochemical software. We also analyze the impact of the relative abundancy of primary phases in the sediments on the activation of CCR processes. As a test bed, we consider a computational study where pressure and temperature conditions are representative of those observed in real sedimentary formation. Our results are conducive to the probabilistic assessment of (i) the characteristic pressure and temperature at which CCR leads to generation of CO2 in sedimentary systems, (ii) the order of magnitude of the CO2 generation rate that can be associated with CCR processes.
Adolescent Susceptibility to Peer Influence in Sexual Situations
Creators: name: Prinstein, Mitchell J.
name: Helms, Sarah W.
name: Choukas-Bradley, Sophia
name: Widman, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: One consistent predictor of adolescents’ engagement in sexual risk behavior is their belief that peers are engaging in similar behavior; however, not all youth are equally susceptible to these peer influence effects. Understanding individual differences in susceptibility to peer influence is critical to identifying adolescents at risk for negative health outcomes. The purpose of this project was to identify predictors of susceptibility to peer influence using a novel performance-based measure of sexual risk-taking.
Phase Singularities in Complex Arithmetic Random Waves
Creators: name: Dalmao, Federico
name: Nourdin, Ivan
name: Peccati, Giovanni
name: Rossi, Maurizia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex arithmetic random waves are stationary Gaussian complex-valued solutions of the Helmholtz equation on the two-dimensional flat torus. We use Wiener-Itô chaotic expansions in order to derive a complete characterization of the second order high-energy behaviour of the total number of phase singularities of these functions. Our main result is that, while such random quantities verify a universal law of large numbers, they also exhibit non-universal and non-central second order fluctuations that are dictated by the arithmetic nature of the underlying spectral measures. Such fluctuations are qualitatively consistent with the cancellation phenomena predicted by Berry (2002) in the case of complex random waves on compact planar domains. Our results extend to the complex setting recent pathbreaking findings by Rudnick and Wigman (2008), Krishnapur, Kurlberg and Wigman (2013) and Marinucci, Peccati, Rossi and Wigman (2016). The exact asymptotic characterization of the variance is based on a fine analysis of the Kac-Rice kernel around the origin, as well as on a novel use of combinatorial moment formulae for controlling long-range weak correlations.
description: 50 pages. The use of combinatorial formulae for controlling non-singular pairs of squares has been clarified
Incomplete pairwise comparison matrices and weighting methods
Creators: name: Csató, László
name: Rónyai, Lajos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90B50, 91B08, 15A06

description: A special class of preferences, given by a directed acyclic graph, is considered. They are represented by incomplete pairwise comparison matrices as only partial information is available: for some pairs no comparison is given in the graph. A weighting method satisfies the linear order preservation property if it always results in a ranking such that an alternative directly preferred to another does not have a lower rank. We study whether two procedures, the Eigenvector Method and the Logarithmic Least Squares Method meet this axiom. Both weighting methods break linear order preservation, moreover, the ranking according to the Eigenvector Method depends on the incomplete pairwise comparison representation chosen.