cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter: Time Modulations and Amplifications
Creators: name: Liang, Xunyu
name: Mead, Alexander
name: Siddiqui, Md Shahriar Rahim
name: Van Waerbeke, Ludovic
name: Zhitnitsky, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the new mechanism of the axion production suggested recently in [1,2]. This mechanism is based on the so-called Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) dark matter model, which was originally invented to explain the similarity of the dark and visible cosmological matter densities. We perform numerical simulations to evaluate the axion flux on the Earth's surface. We examine annual and daily modulations, which have been studied previously and are known to occur for any type of dark matter. We also discuss a novel type of short time enhancements which are unique to the AQN model: the statistical fluctuations and burst-like amplification, both of which can drastically amplify the axion signal, up to a factor $\sim10^2-10^3$ for a very short period of time. The present work studies the AQN-induced axions within the mass window $10^{-6}{\rm\,eV}\lesssim m_a\lesssim10^{-3}\rm\,eV$ with typical velocities $\langle v_a\rangle\sim0.6c$. We also comment on the broadband detection strategy to search for such relativistic axions by studying the daily and annual time modulations as well as random burst-like amplifications.
description: Accepted in Physical Review D, 23 pages, 13 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1905.00022
Unpolarized radiative cylindrical spacetimes: Trapped surfaces and quasilocal energy
Creators: name: Goncalves, Sergio M. C. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the most general vacuum cylindrical spacetimes, which are defined by two global, spacelike, commuting, non-hypersurface-orthogonal Killing vector fields. The cylindrical waves in such spacetimes contain both + and $\times$ polarizations, and are thus said to be unpolarized. We show that there are no trapped cylinders in the spacetime, and present a formal derivation of Thorne's C-energy, based on a Hamiltonian reduction approach. Using the Brown-York quasilocal energy prescription, we compute the actual physical energy (per unit Killing length) of the system, which corresponds to the value of the Hamiltonian that generates unit proper-time translations orthogonal to a given fixed spatial boundary. The C-energy turns out to be a monotonic non-polynomial function of the Brown-York quasilocal energy. Finally, we show that the Brown-York energy at spatial infinity is related to an asymptotic deficit angle in exactly the same manner as the specific mass of a straight cosmic string is to the former.
description: 15 pages, LaTeX, uses IOP package; published in Class. Quantum Grav
MOESM3 of The Discharge Communication Study: research protocol for a mixed methods study to investigate and triangulate discharge communication experiences of patients, GPs, and hospital professionals, alongside a corresponding discharge letter sample
Creators: name: Weetman, Katharine
name: Dale, Jeremy
name: Scott, Emma
name: Schnurr, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Patient interview guide.
Unconventional Gas and the European Union: Prospects and Challenges for Competitiveness
Creators: name: Vollebergh, Herman R.J.
name: Eric Drisse, Eric
name: Vollebergh, Herman R.J.
name: Eric Drisse, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Shale Gas
subject: Hydrocarbon Resources
subject: Energy Demand and Supply
subject: Non-renewable Resources
subject: Competitiveness Impacts
subject: European Union

description: This article studies the likely impact of unconventional gas developments in the U.S. on EU competitiveness. We find, first of all, little evidence for a prosperous unconventional gas development in Europe. Second, the U.S. boom has already a strong impact on both world and European energy markets. In particular, lower U.S. gas and coal prices have changed relative energy prices both at home and abroad. Finally, competitiveness impacts in some (sub)sectors will be considerable. These impacts are not only related to production based on gas use as a feedstock but also on the ‘byproducts’ from unconventional gas production, such as ethylene, propane and butane. However, several indirect impacts, such as lower coal import prices, may soften the adverse competitiveness impact in the EU.
Aceria aphanothrix
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao-Feng
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Eriophyidae
Aceria
Aceria aphanothrix

description: Aceria aphanothrix (Nalepa, 1923)
 Eriophyes aphanothrix Nalepa, 1923: 426–427.
 Aceria aphanothrix; Amrine & Stasny, 1994: 22.
 Host. Cryptocarya costata (Lauraceae).
 Habit. Galls.
 Distribution. Indonesia (Java).
 Remarks. Nalepa (1923) provided no figures for this species.
description: Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, 2009, 2257, pp. 1-128 in Zootaxa 2257 on page 32
How Does Stock Market Volatility React to Oil Shocks?
Creators: name: Bastianin, Andrea
name: Manera, Matteo
name: Bastianin, Andrea
name: Manera, Matteo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Volatility
subject: Oil Shocks
subject: Oil Price
subject: Stock Prices
subject: Structural VAR

description: We study the impact of oil price shocks on U.S. stock market volatility. We derive three different structural oil shock variables (i.e. aggregate demand, oil-supply, and oil-demand shocks) and relate them to stock market volatility, using bivariate structural VAR models, one for each oil price shock. Identification is achieved by assuming that the price of crude oil reacts to stock market volatility only with delay. This implies that innovations to the price of crude oil are not strictly exogenous, but predetermined with respect to the stock market. We show that volatility responds significantly to oil price shocks caused by sudden changes in aggregate and oil-specific demand, while the impact of supply-side shocks is negligible.
An approach to constructing genuinely entangled subspaces of maximal dimension
Creators: name: Demianowicz, Maciej
name: Augusiak, Remigiusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Genuinely entangled subspaces (GESs) are the class of completely entangled subspaces that contain only genuinely multiparty entangled states. They constitute a particularly useful notion in the theory of entanglement but also have found an application, for instance, in quantum error correction and cryptography. In a recent study (Demianowicz and Augusiak in Phys Rev A 98:012313, 2018), we have shown how GESs can be efficiently constructed in any multiparty scenario from the so-called unextendible product bases. The provided subspaces, however, are not of maximal allowable dimensions, and our aim here is to put forward an approach to building such. The method is illustrated with few examples in small systems. Connections with other mathematical problems, such as spaces of matrices of equal rank and the numerical range, are discussed.
Constructing Doubly Self-Dual Chiral p-Form Actions in D=2(p+1) Spacetime Dimensions
Creators: name: Miao, Yan-Gang
name: Mueller-Kirsten, Harald J. W.
name: Park, Dae Kil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Siegel-type chiral p-form action is proposed in D=2(p+1) spacetime dimensions. The approach we adopt is to realize the symmetric second-rank Lagrange-multiplier field, introduced in Siegel's action, in terms of a normalized multiplication of two (q+1)-form fields with q indices of each field contracted in the even p case, or of two pairs of (q+1)-form fields with q indices of each pair of fields contracted in the odd p case, where the (q+1)-form fields are of external derivatives of one auxiliary q-form field for the former, or a pair of auxiliary q-form fields for the latter. Using this action, it is straightforward to deduce the recently constructed PST action for q equal to zero. It is found that the Siegel-type chiral p-form action with a fixed p (even or odd) is doubly self-dual in D=2(p+1) spacetime dimensions when the auxiliary field(s) is/are also chosen to be of p-form. This result includes PST's as a special case where only the chiral 0-form action is doubly self-dual in D=2 dimensions.
description: 13 pages, no figures
Piezoelectric properties of $\mathrm{Ga_2O_3}$: a first-principle study
Creators: name: Guo, San-Dong
name: Du, Hui-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The compounds exhibit piezoelectricity, which demands to break inversion symmetry, and then to be a semiconductor. For $\mathrm{Ga_2O_3}$, the orthorhombic case ($ε$-$\mathrm{Ga_2O_3}$) of common five phases breaks inversion symmetry. Here, the piezoelectric tensor of $ε$-$\mathrm{Ga_2O_3}$ is reported by using density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). To confirm semiconducting properties of $ε$-$\mathrm{Ga_2O_3}$, its electronic structures are studied by using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and Tran and Blaha's modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ) exchange potential. The gap value of 4.66 eV is predicted with mBJ method, along with the the effective mass tensor for electrons at the conduction band minimum (CBM) [about 0.24 $m_0$]. The mBJ gap is very close to the available experimental value. The elastic tensor $C_{ij}$ and piezoelectric stress tensor $e_{ij}$ are attained by DFPT, and then piezoelectric strain tensor $d_{ij}$ are calculated from $C_{ij}$ and $e_{ij}$. In this process, average mechanical properties of $ε$-$\mathrm{Ga_2O_3}$ are estimated, such as bulk modulus, Shear modulus, Young's modulus and so on. The calculated $d_{ij}$ are comparable and even higher than commonly used piezoelectric materials such as $α$-quartz, ZnO, AlN and GaN.
description: 5pages, 2 figures
A Relationship between Food Aid and Food Trade: Theoretical Analysis and Quantitative Results
Creators: name: Herrmann, Roland
name: Prinz, Carlo
name: Schenck, Patricia
name: Herrmann, Roland
name: Prinz, Carlo
name: Schenck, Patricia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty
International Relations/Trade

description: This paper clarifies linkages between food aid and food trade, both theoretically and empirically. A theoretical model first shows that domestic policy is crucial for the trade effects of food aid. Food trade may fall, remain constant, or even rise due to increased food aid. The important issue is whether the recipient country's government spends the counterpart funds to subsidize demand or supply. Estimated cereal import demand functions for Botswana, Egypt, Morocco, Peru, and Sudan indicate very different reactions of food imports to food aid across countries. The paper also investigates from the donor's point of view how a country's food import position affects the amount of food aid it receives. A cross-country analysis of the allocations of the EC's food aid reveals that per-capita food aid is higher the lower the per-capita income of a recipient country, the worse its balance-of-payments situation, and the more it depends on food imports.
Understanding the Role of Community and their Level of Participation in Conservation and Resource Management: A Study on Ranthambore National Park, Rajasthan India.
Creators: name: Dr .Kuldeep Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150603 Tourism Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 160402 Recreation, Leisure and Tourism Geography
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: 150604 Tourism Marketing

description: Community participation in various stages of tourism development cannot be neglected for any type of destination to be flourished, as the new forms of tourism seek both the satisfaction of tourists as well as the locals. Moreover, involving the local people in destination planning, creating sufficient employment opportunities especially for the local youths, educating the local residents about the consequences of tourism on nature and natural resources, ensuring overall socio-economic growth and environmental protection etc. are essential for the sustainable development of any protected area. In this study, the authors have chosen Ranthambore National Park, located in Rajasthan as a case study
Searching under the Light: The Neglect of Dynamics and Risk in the Analysis of Food Trade Reforms
Creators: name: Tyers, Rod
name: Tyers, Rod
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty
International Relations/Trade

description: The substantial investment in models of global food markets immediately prior to and during the Uruguay Round of international trade negotiations has been a mixed blessing so far as the prospects for reform are concerned. At worst, results from these models have misled the negotiations, first because they have served the losers from reform better than the gainers and second because they have tended not to address a primary concern lending domestic political support to food market interventions, namely the avoidance of risks borne of dependence on international markets. The paper reviews some errors that have stemmed from the application of "standard" but inappropriate models and examines the implications of extending the standard methodology to include the combination of explicit food price risk with dynamic behaviour and market-insulating policies.
Lensing by Kerr Black Holes
Creators: name: Gralla, Samuel E.
name: Lupsasca, Alexandru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interpreting horizon-scale observations of astrophysical black holes demands a general understanding of null geodesics in the Kerr spacetime. These may be divided into two classes: "direct" rays that primarily determine the observational appearance of a given source, and highly bent rays that produce a nested sequence of exponentially demagnified images of the main emission: the so-called "photon ring". We develop heuristics that characterize the direct rays and study the highly bent geodesics analytically. We define three critical parameters $γ$, $δ$, and $τ$ that respectively control the demagnification, rotation, and time delay of successive images of the source, thereby providing an analytic theory of the photon ring. These observable parameters encode universal effects of general relativity, independent of the details of the emitting matter.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures. v2: minor edits, matches published version
Subsidies and Cattle Production in the Amazon: An Economic Policy Analysis
Creators: name: McClain, Emily A.
name: Halbrendt, Catherine
name: Sherbourne, Jennifer
name: Gempesaw, Conrado
name: McClain, Emily A.
name: Halbrendt, Catherine
name: Sherbourne, Jennifer
name: Gempesaw, Conrado
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Production Economics
Public Economics

description: Cattle production has been a major source of agricultural deforestation in Brazil's Amazon rainforest. Brazilian credit subsidies have been blamed for speeding cattle expansion and thus deforestation. A stochastic coefficients regression approach was used to quantify the effects of credit subsidies and world prices on cattle numbers in five Amazon rigions for the 1963-83 period. Results show that cattle production has been positively correlated to both prices and credit. Elasticities show that these relationships strengthened over time and that production has been more responsive to credit than to world prices.
Fitting the nonlinear matter bispectrum by the Halofit approach
Creators: name: Takahashi, Ryuichi
name: Nishimichi, Takahiro
name: Namikawa, Toshiya
name: Taruya, Atsushi
name: Kayo, Issha
name: Osato, Ken
name: Kobayashi, Yosuke
name: Shirasaki, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a new fitting formula of the matter bispectrum in the nonlinear regime calibrated by high-resolution cosmological $N$-body simulations of $41$ cold dark matter ($w$CDM, $w=$ constant) models around the Planck 2015 best-fit parameters. As the parameterization in our fitting function is similar to that in Halofit, our fitting is named BiHalofit. The simulation volume is sufficiently large ($> 10 \, {\rm Gpc}^3$) to cover almost all measurable triangle bispectrum configurations in the universe. The function is also calibrated using one-loop perturbation theory at large scales ($k<0.3 \, h \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$). Our formula reproduced the matter bispectrum to within $10 \, (15) \, \%$ accuracy in the Planck 2015 model at wavenumber $k< 3 \, (10) \, h \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ and redshifts $z=0-3$. The other $40$ $w$CDM models obtained poorer fits, with accuracy approximating $20 \, \%$ at $k<3 \, h \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ and $z=0-1.5$ (the deviation includes the $10 \, \%$-level sample variance of the simulations). We also provide a fitting formula that corrects the baryonic effects such as radiative cooling and active galactic nucleus feedback, using the latest hydrodynamical simulation IllustrisTNG. We demonstrate that our new formula more accurately predicts the weak-lensing bispectrum than the existing fitting formulas. This formula will assist current and future weak-lensing surveys and cosmic microwave background lensing experiments. Numerical codes of the formula are available, written in Python, C and Fortran.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ; typos corrected; numerical codes of the fitting formula are available at https://toshiyan.github.io/clpdoc/html/basic/basic.html#module-basic.bispec (Python) and http://cosmo.phys.hirosaki-u.ac.jp/takahasi/codes_e.htm (C and Fortran)
Aceria aporosae
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao-Feng
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Eriophyidae
Aceria
Aceria aporosae

description: Aceria aporosae (Nalepa, 1914)
 Eriophyes aporosae Nalepa, 1914: 69.
 Aceria aporosae; Amrine & Stasny, 1994: 23.
 Host. Aporusa microcalyx (Euphorbiaceae).
 Habit. Witches’ broom.
 Distribution. Indonesia (Java).
 Remarks. Nalepa (1914) provided no figures for this species.
description: Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, 2009, 2257, pp. 1-128 in Zootaxa 2257 on page 32
Crossing Symmetry Violation of Unitarized Pion-Pion Amplitude in the Resonance Region
Creators: name: Cavalcante, Isabela P.
name: Borges, J. Sá
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pion-pion scattering amplitude obtained from one-loop Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) is crossing symmetric, however the corresponding partial wave amplitudes do not respect exact unitarity relation. There are different approaches to get unitarized partial wave amplitudes from ChPT. Here we consider the inverse amplitude method (IAM) that is often used to fit pion-pion phase shifts to experimental data, by adjusting free parameters. We measure the amount of crossing symmetry violation (CSV) in this case and we show that crossing symmetry is badly violated by the IAM unitarized ChPT amplitude in the resonance region. Important CSV also occurs when all free parameters are set equal to zero.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
RURAL TOURISM NEED SCOPE AND CHALLENGES IN INDIAN CONTEXT
Creators: name: Dr .Kuldeep Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150603 Tourism Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150604 Tourism Marketing
subject: 160513 Tourism Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Rural Tourism exhorts tourists to spend quality time in a nuanced fashion by engaging them in different ethnic, indigenous and aesthetic practices in rural areas. The stresses generating from urban life and the detachment and distance from natural environment occasionally provoke the urbanites to escape from their monoculture city life. In such case, rural locations seem to be an ideal place to release stress and also provide an opportunity to be re-engaged in a simpler way of life that offers rest and absolute peace for a certain period of time. Not only that, such form of tourism is widely acknowledged because it can shape up rural society by bringing benefit both in monetary and social terms. Although the concept is relatively new one and has both positive and negative impacts, it has gained immense importance around the world in recent time. A large population in India, staying in rural areas, are still primarily dependent on traditional age old practice i.e. cultivation
MOESM1 of The Discharge Communication Study: research protocol for a mixed methods study to investigate and triangulate discharge communication experiences of patients, GPs, and hospital professionals, alongside a corresponding discharge letter sample
Creators: name: Weetman, Katharine
name: Dale, Jeremy
name: Scott, Emma
name: Schnurr, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. List of included documents in scoping literature review.
Some Remarks on the Operators' Formalism for Nonlocal Poisson Brackets
Creators: name: Ontani, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common approach to the theory of nonlocal Poisson brackets, seen from the operatorial point of view, has been to keep implicit the sets on which these brackets act. In this paper we aim to explicitly define appropriate functional spaces underlying to the theory of 1 codimensional weakly nonlocal Poisson brackets, motivating the definitions, and to prove the validity in this context of some classical results in the field. We start by introducing the spaces for the local case, which will serve as building tools for those in the nonlocal one. The definition and the study of these nonlocal functionals are the core of this work; in particular we work out a characterization of the variational derivative of such objects. We then translate everything to the level of manifolds, defining a global version of the functionals, and introduce the notion nonlocal Poisson brackets in this context. We conclude by applying all the machinery to prove a theorem due to Ferapontov. This last application is the natural conclusion of our discussion and shows that the spaces we introduce are suitable objects to work with when studying topics in this theory.
description: 23 pages
Textile Trade Liberalization and its Welfare Implications for US Cotton Producers
Creators: name: Shui, Shangnan
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael
name: Shui, Shangnan
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Relations/Trade

description: This study analyses the impact on the US cotton industry of removal of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) using a multimarket displacement equilibrium model. The model captures the basic linkages of textile products and cotton markets in the USA and in non-US markets. Different textile trade policy reforms are simulated. Results suggest that removal of textile trade restrictions in the OECD countries induces a decrease and structural change in the total demand for US cotton towards a larger dependency on the world market. The decrease in total demand for US cotton has negative welfare effects on the US cotton industry. However, the welfare loss depends on how non-US cotton exporters respond to changes in OECD trade policy. The largest estimated loss is about $200 million. Ignoring agricultural linkages of the textile industry in the analysis of textile trade liberalization would induce an upward bias in estimated welfare gains for the US economy. The results suggest the likely formation of a coalition of US cotton-textile-apparel producers to generate political pressure for more trade protection.
General formulas for fixed-length quantum entanglement concentration
Creators: name: Hayashi, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General formulas of entanglement concentration are derived by using an information-spectrum approach for the i.i.d. sequences and the general sequences of partially entangled pure states. That is, we derive general relations between the performance of the entanglement concentration and the eigenvalues of the partially traced state. The achievable rates with constant constraints and those with exponential constraints can be calculated from these formulas.
description: This paper revised because the previouse version has some mistakes
MOESM2 of The Discharge Communication Study: research protocol for a mixed methods study to investigate and triangulate discharge communication experiences of patients, GPs, and hospital professionals, alongside a corresponding discharge letter sample
Creators: name: Weetman, Katharine
name: Dale, Jeremy
name: Scott, Emma
name: Schnurr, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. GP interview and focus group guide.
Effect of Imports on US Prices for Fresh Apples
Creators: name: Sparks, Amy L.
name: Bravo-Ureta, Boris E.
name: Sparks, Amy L.
name: Bravo-Ureta, Boris E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: This paper presents new econometric evidence concerning the variation of fresh apple prices in the US market as a function of fluctuations in supplies from seven major US and non-US supply areas. The Rotterdam inverse demand system recently developed by Barten and Bettendorf is used in the analysis. The results show that the impact on prices stemming from a change in overall quanitities of fresh apples varies widely across supply regions. The price of Washington apples would suffer a market drop with a rise in total quantity. The analysis also suggests taht Chile's entrance into the US apple market has had a negligible impact on prices.
Anisotropic odd viscosity via time-modulated drive
Creators: name: Souslov, Anton
name: Gromov, Andrey
name: Vitelli, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At equilibrium, the structure and response of ordered phases are typically determined by the spontaneous breaking of spatial symmetries. Out of equilibrium, spatial order itself can become a dynamically emergent concept. In this article, we show that spatially anisotropic viscous coefficients and stresses can be designed in a far-from-equilibrium fluid by applying to its constituents a time-modulated drive. If the drive induces a rotation whose rate is slowed down when the constituents point along specific directions, anisotropic structures and mechanical responses arise at long timescales. We demonstrate that the viscous response of such anisotropic driven fluids can acquire a tensorial, dissipationless component called anisotropic odd (or Hall) viscosity. Classical fluids with internal torques can display additional components of the odd viscosity neglected in previous studies of quantum Hall fluids that assumed angular momentum conservation. We show that these anisotropic and angular momentum-violating odd-viscosity coefficients can change even the bulk flow of an incompressible fluid by acting as a source of vorticity. In addition, shear distortions in the shape of an inclusion result in torques.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
MOESM6 of Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of Metarhizium anisopliae during tick mimicked infection condition
Creators: name: Sbaraini, Nicolau
name: Bellini, Reinaldo
name: Penteriche, Augusto
name: Guedes, Rafael
name: Garcia, Ane
name: Gerber, Alexandra
name: Vainstein, Marilene
name: Vasconcelos, Ana De
name: Schrank, Augusto
name: Staats, Charley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 6. The primer sequences used in RT-qPCR analysis.
Aceria asperulus
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao-Feng
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Eriophyidae
Aceria
Aceria asperulus

description: Aceria asperulus (Nalepa, 1914)
 Eriophyes asperulus Nalepa, 1914: 78.
 Aceria asperulus; Amrine & Stasny, 1994: 23.
 Host. Streblus asper (Moraceae).
 Habit. Leaf edge rolling.
 Distribution. Indonesia (Java).
 Remarks. Nalepa (1914) provided no figures for this species.
description: Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, 2009, 2257, pp. 1-128 in Zootaxa 2257 on page 32
Advertising Check-Off Programmes
Creators: name: Chang, Hui-Shung
name: Kinnucan, Henry
name: Chang, Hui-Shung
name: Kinnucan, Henry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper examines the impact of a change in the advertising tax on prices, output, and welfare. Results show that a supply shift alone (i.e., advertising is ineffective and hence there is no demand shift) will result in higher retail prices, lower farm output, higher retail-farm price ratios, and losses in benefits to society. If the supply shift is accompanied by a demand shift due to effective advertising, the retail price will be higher. Farm output and the retail-farm price ratio, however, will be smaller compared to an isolated supply shift. Given the advertising elasticities found so far in empirical studies (less than 0.10), an increase in producer assessments or check-offs for the purpose of increasing demand through advertising will lead to welfare loss. Research and new product development may be .better alternatives to increasing demand from a social perspective.
Raft Instability of Biopolymer Gels
Creators: name: Borukhov, I.
name: Bruinsma, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Following recent X-ray diffraction experiments by Wong, Li, and Safinya on biopolymer gels, we apply Onsager excluded volume theory to a nematic mixture of rigid rods and strong ``$π/2$'' cross-linkers obtaining a long-ranged, highly anisotropic depletion attraction between the linkers. This attraction leads to breakdown of the percolation theory for this class of gels, to breakdown of Onsager's second-order virial method, and to formation of heterogeneities in the form of raft-like ribbons.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Negative mood induction: Affective reactivity in recurrent, but not persistent depression
Creators: name: Guhn, Anne
name: Steinacher, Bruno
name: Merkl, Angela
name: Sterzer, Philipp
name: Köhler, Stephan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: affective reactivity
subject: recurrent depression
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: BACKGROUND: Despite the high clinical and epidemiological relevance of persistent depression, little is known about its specific psychopathology and whether it is distinct from recurrent depression. Depression in general has been associated with blunted affective reactivity but the evidence from previous studies is inconsistent. Here, we asked whether affective reactivity might differ between persistent and recurrent depression. METHODS: Twenty patients with persistent depression, 20 patients with recurrent depression and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Both patient groups showed moderate symptom severity. All participants underwent a sad mood induction procedure. Affective reactivity was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before and after mood induction. RESULTS: We found a striking difference in affective reactivity between patient groups. While the persistent group showed blunted reactivity to mood induction, the recurrent group demonstrated an affective response that was comparable to HC, with an increase in negative and a decrease in positive affect. Blunted affective reactivity was thus specifically associated with persistent in contrast to recurrent depression. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight affective reactivity as an important psychopathological feature that differs between the two patient groups. Preserved affective reactivity to emotional stimuli in the recurrent group might reflect a resilience factor against persistence of depression.
Continuous phase transition between bosonic integer quantum Hall liquid and trivial insulator: evidences for deconfined quantum criticality
Creators: name: Zeng, Tian-Sheng
name: Sheng, D. N.
name: Zhu, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The deconfined quantum critical point, a prototype Landau-forbidden transition, could exist in principle in the phase transitions involving symmetry protected topological phase, however, examples of such kinds of transition in physical systems are rare beyond one-dimensional systems. Here, using density-matrix renormalization group calculation, we unveil a bosonic integer quantum Hall phase in two-dimensional correlated honeycomb lattice, by full identification of its internal structure from the topological $\mathbf{K}$ matrix. Moreover we demonstrate that imbalanced periodic chemical potentials can destroy the bosonic integer quantum Hall state and drive it into a featureless trivial (Mott) insulator, where all physical observables evolve smoothly across the critical point. At the critical point the entanglement entropy reveals a characteristic scaling behavior, which is consistent with the critical field theory as an emergent QED$_3$ with two flavors of Dirac fermions.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Multi-Market Analysis of Sudan's Wheat Policies: Implications for Fiscal Deficits, Self-Sufficiency, and the External Balance
Creators: name: Hassan, Rashid M.
name: Mwangi, W.
name: D'Silva, Brian
name: Hassan, Rashid M.
name: Mwangi, W.
name: D'Silva, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Development
Production Economics

description: Highly subsidized bread prices financed partially through wheat aid and overvalued currency have stimulated rapid growth in wheat consumption in Sudan at the expense of other staple grains such as sorghum and millet. Inefficient production methods and the resultant low wheat yields have caused domestic supply to lag behind demand. Faced by serious foreign exchange shortages, severe internal and external imbalances, and reduced availability of food aid, Sudan could not sustain dependence on external sources to bridge the growing wheat gap. Given the political difficulties associated with managing demand, the government has chosen to promote local production. Research results showing high potential gains in wheat yield under improved crop management also contributed to the choice of the supply strategy. A dynamic multi-market model was developed and used to evaluate alternative supplypromoting and demand-control strategies. Competition with alternative productive uses of the country's scarce resources and substitution between wheat and other cereal grains in consumption were analysed. The impact of the various policies on net exports, food security, and the budget is measured and compared. Results of policy analysis indicate the significant contribution of production efficiency, reduced consumer subsidies, and elimination of relative price distortions to higher self-sufficiency and lower internal and external deficits.
Einstein coefficients, cross sections, f values, dipole moments, and all that
Creators: name: Hilborn, Robert C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationships among various parameters describing the strength of optical transitions in atoms and molecules are reviewed. The application of these parameters to the description of the interaction between nearly monochromatic, directional light beams and atoms and molecules is given careful attention. Common pitfalls in relating these parameters are pointed out. This is a revised (February, 2002) version of a paper that originally appeared in Am. J. Phys. 50, 982-986 (1982).
Development of forest industries in Latvia
Creators: name: Tuherm, Henn
name: Ludvigsone-Rudzite, Sanita
name: Tuherm, Henn
name: Ludvigsone-Rudzite, Sanita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: forest industries
subject: Latvia
subject: forest cluster
subject: resources
subject: market for timber products

description: Forests have great importance for the Latvian economy, environment, landscape, flora and fauna. Forest sector contribution to the national GDP is 10…12 %, providing employment for 75…80 thousand people. In the paper was analysed accessible forest and wood resources in Latvia, forest harvesting volumes and dynamics of wood processing industries. Efficient investments in wood processing sector and the available local resources have provided the rapid growth of this field. Wood and wood products are the most important Latvian export products. It is also described strengths and weaknesses of the forest sector in Latvia.
Universal spin-resolved thermal radiation laws for nonreciprocal bianisotropic media
Creators: name: Khandekar, Chinmay
name: Khosravi, Farhad
name: Li, Zhou
name: Jacob, Zubin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A chiral absorber of light can emit spin-polarized (circularly polarized) thermal radiation based on Kirchhoff's law which equates spin-resolved emissivity with spin-resolved absorptivity for reciprocal media at thermal equilibrium. No such law is known for nonreciprocal media. In this work, we discover three spin-resolved Kirchhoff's laws of thermal radiation applicable for both reciprocal and nonreciprocal planar media. In particular, these laws are applicable to multi-layered or composite slabs of generic bianisotropic material classes which include (uniaxial or biaxial) birefringent crystals, (gyrotropic) Weyl semimetals, magnetized semiconductors, plasmas, ferromagnets and ferrites, (magnetoelectric) topological insulators, metamaterials and multiferroic media. We also propose an experiment to verify these laws using a single system of doped Indium Antimonide (InSb) thin film in an external magnetic field. Furthermore, we reveal a surprising result that the planar slabs of all these material classes can emit partially circularly polarized thermal light without requiring any surface patterning, and identify planar configurations which can experience nontrivial thermal optomechanical forces and torques upon thermal emission into the external environment at lower temperature (nonequilibrium). Our work also provides a new fundamental insight of detailed balance of angular momentum (in addition to energy) of equilibrium thermal radiation, and paves the way for practical functionalities based on thermal radiation using nonreciprocal bianisotropic materials.
Cost and performance management in the sawmilling industry
Creators: name: Tunes, Torgrim
name: Nyrud, Anders Q.
name: Eikenes, Birger
name: Tunes, Torgrim
name: Nyrud, Anders Q.
name: Eikenes, Birger
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Joint costs
subject: cost allocation
subject: structured interview
subject: sawmilling

description: Joint costs are costs which cannot be readily identified with individual products. They are especially prominent in extractive, agricultural and chemical industries. In this article we consider methods used by the Norwegian sawmilling industry to allocate joint costs. A survey of joint cost accounting systems in use in Norwegian sawmills was carried out using structured interviews. In order to analyze the results from the interviews we conducted a Cross Case Analysis. According to the results Norwegian sawmills do not allocate joint costs, except from some ad-hoc methods inapplicable for joint cost allocation to products. There are several reasons for this. The problem is perceived as difficult to solve and many of the respondents consider the benefit as limited. There are shortcomings in existing joint cost allocation systems, and finally, there is a lack of interest and knowledge about cost accounting.
Corporate Entrepreneurship, Strategy Formulation, and the Performance of the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector
Creators: name: Omisore, Segun
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2019

description: Corporate entrepreneurship is a process that encourages formulating and implementing new ideas, taking risks, and creating new ideas to start new businesses. It is associated with innovation, which results in entrepreneur wealth and adds value for an organisation and the customers that buy the products. The Nigerian manufacturing sector has been underperforming in the past decade with numerous firms in the sector operating at less than 30% of initially installed capacity. Despite various industrial transformation programmes initiated by the successive governments to boost manufacturing outputs, most firms in this sector do not seem to have made any significant progress in response. Reasons for this underperformance is arguably due to the misalignment between ‘externally-driven’ policies and the ‘internal processes’ within the individual firms of various sizes. To explore and unravel the undercurrents impelling the seeming strategyenvironment misalignment, this study takes a recourse to the strategic management literature. It draws from the intersectionality of strategy-environment congruence and the attendant moderating effect on performance. In order to drill down to conceptual specifics, it builds on the 3Cs framework (competence, commitment and co-ordination) initially propounded by Jha and Iyer (2007). Based on a sample of 32 manufacturing firms and leaning on the qualitative methodological approach (using interpretative phenomenological analysis), the study sought to gain situated, contextual, insights into the perceptions of the phenomenon as demonstrable in the strategic configuration. It interrogated respective processes of strategy formulation and implementation in the degree to which they are moderated by the contending environmental variables and the cumulative impact on corporate performance. This is the level of analysis at which corporate entrepreneurship behaviour, in terms of both antecedents and consequences, profoundly manifests itself; mirroring management behaviour, sensitivity and predilections towards environmental scanning capabilities. The sample of firms was drawn from firms of varying sizes in four geopolitical zones of Nigeria – South West, South East, South, and North Central. Results indicate profound ambivalences in the nature of the operating environment and the signals emitted there from which, in turn, truncates entrepreneurial behaviours of firms. Essentially, negative perceptions of the environment militated against strategic coherence, thus adversely impacting corporate performances. Essentially, the eclectic 3Cs paradigm holds strong explanatory as well as diagnostic force in explicating the setbacks of the Nigerian manufacturing sector. The analytical prism is a novelty and offers tremendous latitude for sketching out appropriate turnaround intervention strategies.
On Quasinormal Modes, Black Hole Entropy, and Quantum Geometry
Creators: name: Corichi, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loop quantum gravity can account for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a black hole provided a free parameter is chosen appropriately. Recently, it was proposed that a new choice of the Immirzi parameter could predict both black hole entropy and the frequencies of quasinormal modes in the large $n$ limit, but at the price of changing the gauge group of the theory. In this note we use a simple physical argument within loop quantum gravity to arrive at the same value of the parameter. The argument uses strongly the necessity of having fermions satisfying basic symmetry and conservation principles, and therefore supports SU(2) as the relevant gauge group of the theory.
description: 3 pages, revtex4, no figures, discussion expanded and references added