cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic aspects of arithmetical structures
Creators: name: Valencia, Carlos E.
name: Villagrán, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11D72, 11Y50, Secondary 11C20, 15B48

description: Arithmetical structures on graphs were first introduced in \cite{Lorenzini89}. Later in \cite{arithmetical} they were further studied in the setting of square non-negative integer matrices. In both cases, necessary and sufficient conditions for the finiteness of the set of arithmetical structures were given. More precisely, an arithmetical structure on a non-negative integer matrix $L$ with zero diagonal is a pair $(\mathbf{d},\mathbf{r})\in \mathbb{N}_+^n\times \mathbb{N}_+^n$ such that \[ (\textrm{Diag}(\mathbf{d})-L)\mathbf{r}^t=\mathbf{0}^t\text{ and }\gcd(r_1,\ldots,r_n)=1. \] Thus, arithmetical structures on $L$ are solutions of the polynomial Diophantine equation \[ f_L(X):=\det(\text{Diag}(X)-L)=0. \] Therefore, it is of interest to ask for an algorithm that compute them. We present an algorithm that computes arithmetical structures on a square integer non-negative matrix $L$ with zero diagonal. In order to do this we introduce a new class of Z-matrices, which we call quasi $M$-matrices.
description: 14 pages. Major changes, sections 4 and 5 was deleted. Section 4 is the base of the article "Arithmetical structures on dominated polynomials"
title: Противодействие коррупции в сфере госзакупок: европейский опыт и российская практика
title: Anti-corruption in the Public Procurement: European Experience and Russian Practice
Creators: name: Восканян, Роза Оганесовна
name: Дроздов, Владимир Юрьевич
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2019

description: Статья посвящена исследованию экономических и юридических аспектов противодействия коррупции в сфере госзакупок в государствах – членах Европейского союза. Статистический анализ данных за последние десять лет позволил выявить ключевые экономические тенденции в сфере европейских госзакупок. Обзор европейского законодательства, регулирующего госзакупки, продемонстрировал высокую унификацию. Выявлена ключевая особенность европейского противодействия коррупции в сфере госзакупок – публичность: размещенные на открытых платформах списки наносят удар по деловой репутации коррупционеров.
description: The article is devoted to the study of the economic and legal aspects of combating corruption in the public procurement of member states of the European Union. Statistical data analysis over the past decade has revealed critical economic trends in the field of European public procurement. A review of European public procurement legislation has demonstrated high unification. Publicity is identified as a key feature of the European anti-corruption in public procurement: the lists posted on open platforms hit the business reputation of corrupt officials.
'No, auntie, that's false': Female baby boomers develop critical skills to confront fake news with guidance from relatives
Creators: name: Pecho-Ninapaytan, Andrea
name: Zambrano-Zuta, Stefany
name: Vargas-Bianchi, Lizardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The spread of fake news has been increasing, which gives rise to a special interest in the development of identification and coping skills among news consumers so that they can filter out misleading information. Studies suggest that older people share more fake news from social media. There is scarce literature that analyse how baby boomers behave in the face of fake news. The purpose of this study is to examine how female baby boomers deal with fake news on Facebook and their available resources to learn how to identify and handle dubious information. A qualitative study and thematic analysis were conducted using information obtained from interviewing female baby boomers. Four themes emerge from the analysis, revealing that participants recognise that they can identify fake news but may not always be able to do so due to limitations in their understanding of an issue or uncertainty about its source. Participants show participants empirically develop critical identification and filtering skills with the assistance from close family members.
description: 14 pages, 1 table
Consumers' Attitudes on Services of General Interest in the EU: Accessibility, Price and Quality 2000-2004
Creators: name: Fiorio, Carlo V.
name: Florio, M.
name: Salini, S.
name: Ferrari, P.A.
name: Fiorio, Carlo V.
name: Florio, M.
name: Salini, S.
name: Ferrari, P.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Public Economics

description: The research question addressed by this paper is a simple one: are European consumers happy with the services provided by the utilities after two decades of reforms? We focus on electricity, gas, water, telephone in the EU 15 Member States. The variables we analyse are consumers' satisfaction with accessibility, price and quality, as reported in three waves of Eurobarometer survey, 2000-2002-2004, comprising around 47,000 observations. We use ordered logit models to analyze the impact of privatization and regulatory reforms, as represented by an OECD dataset, controlling for individual and country characteristics. Our results do not support a clear association between consumers' satisfaction and a standard reform package of privatization, vertical disintegration, liberalization.
Concession Bidding Rules and Investment Time Flexibility
Creators: name: Moretto, Michele
name: Dosi, Cesare
name: Moretto, Michele
name: Dosi, Cesare
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Political Economy

description: We study the competition to operate an infrastructure service by developing a model where firms report a two-dimensional sealed bid: the price to consumers and the concession fee paid to the government. Two alternative bidding rules are considered in this paper. One rule consists of awarding the exclusive right of exercise to the firm that reports the lowest price. The other consists of granting the franchise to the bidder offering the highest fee. We compare the outcome of these rules with reference to two alternative concession arrangements. The former imposes the obligation to immediately undertake the investment required to roll-out the service. The latter allows the winning bidder to optimally decide the investment time. The focus is on the effect of bidding rules and managerial flexibility on expected social welfare. We find that the two bidding rules provide the same outcome only when the contract restricts the autonomy of the franchisee, and we identify the conditions under which time flexibility can provide a higher social value
Measurement of the Branching Ratios Gamma(D_s*+ -> D_s+ pi0)/Gamma(D_s*+ -> D_s+ gamma) and Gamma(D0+ -> D0 pi0)/Gamma(D0* -> D0 gamma)
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data samples corresponding to the isospin-violating decay $D_s^{*+}\to D_s^+ π^0$ and the decays $D_s^{*+}\to D_s^+γ$, $D^{*0}\to D^0π^0$ and $D^{*0}\to D^0γ$ are reconstructed using 90.4 ${\rm fb}^{-1}$ of data recorded by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. The following branching ratios are extracted: $Γ(D_s^{*+}\to D_s^+ π^0)/Γ(D_s^{*+}\to D_s^+γ) = 0.062\pm0.005 ({\rm stat.})\pm0.006 ({\rm syst.})$ and $Γ(D^{*0}\to D^0π^0)/Γ(D^{*0}\to D^0γ) = 1.74\pm0.02 ({\rm stat.})\pm0.13 ({\rm syst.})$. Both measurements represent significant improvements over present world averages.
description: 7 pages, 4 postscript figues, submitted to PRD Rapid Communications
Star formation at very low metallicity. II: On the insignificance of metal-line cooling during the early stages of gravitational collapse
Creators: name: Jappsen, A. -K.
name: Glover, S. C. O.
name: Klessen, R. S.
name: Mac Low, M. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of low levels of metal enrichment on the cooling and collapse of ionized gas in small protogalactic halos using three-dimensional, smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. Our initial conditions represent protogalaxies forming within a fossil HII region -- a previously ionized HII region which has not yet had time to cool and recombine. Prior to cosmological reionization, such regions should be relatively common, since the characteristic lifetimes of the likely ionizing sources are significantly shorter than a Hubble time. We show that in these regions, H_2 is the dominant and most effective coolant, and that it is the amount of H_2 formed that determines whether or not the gas can collapse and form stars. At the low metallicities (Z < 10^{-3} Z_sun) thought to be associated with the transition from population III to early population II star formation, metal line cooling has an almost negligible effect on the evolution of low density gas, altering the density and temperature evolution of the gas by less than 1% compared to the metal-free case at densities below 1 cm^{-3} and temperatures above 2000 K. Although there is evidence that metal line cooling becomes more effective at higher density, we find no significant differences in behaviour from the metal-free case at any density below our sink particle creation threshold at n = 500 cm^{-3}. Increasing the metallicity also increases the importance of metal line cooling, but it does not significantly affect the dynamical evolution of the low density gas until Z = 0.1 Z_sun. This result holds regardless of whether or not an ultraviolet background is present.
description: 38 pages, 8 figures, AASTex. Accepted by ApJ. Corrected typos and references
Consumer belonging behaviour: Qualitative testing of a theoretical framework and proposal of an alternative model
Creators: name: Vargas-Bianchi, Lizardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Much research has been conducted on how consumption is related to human relations, for example, consumer communities organized around specific brands, or the way people use products to define their own identity and transmit a desired image. However, only a scarcity of research has examined the consumption behaviour when the fundamental intention is to leverage group belonging. The literature comprises a single theoretical framework that describes this behaviour, a nascent proposition that has not been tested. This study examines the transferability of that theoretical framework in a different context than the one used for its proposal and its extent on the phenomenon of consuming to leverage belonging. A qualitative deductive case study and a pattern matching analysis technique were employed, followed by a structural coding analysis of interview data. The findings revealed the model is transferable, however its conceptual extent on the phenomenon it addresses faces limitations. These findings allow the proposal of an alternative framework, the Belonging-Oriented Consumption Model. This model provides a theoretical basis for future research on consumer belonging behaviour.
description: 19 pages, 3 tables, 1 figure
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНСТИТУТА СОГЛАШЕНИЯ О ЗАДАТКЕ: ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКИ
Creators: name: Жусупов А.А.
name: Есетова С.К.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: институт соглашения о задатке
прекращение обязательства
неустойка
залог
задаток
договорное обязательство
судебный спор
гражданское дело.

description: Институт соглашения о задатке, на первый взгляд, очень просто урегулирован нормами гражданского законодательства.Между тем, как показывает правоприменительная казахстанская судебная практика, применение института соглашения о задатке вызывает много вопросов.В настоящей статье исследованы некоторые вопросы правовой характеристики соглашения о задатке и последствий отсутствия в соглашении о задатке указания на дату или срок заключения договора, обеспеченного задатком.
Genome-wide association study identifying novel variant for fasting insulin and allelic heterogeneity in known glycemic loci in Chilean adolescents: The Santiago Longitudinal Study
Creators: name: Highland, H.M.
name: Yao, J.
name: Taylor, K.D.
name: Albala, C.
name: North, K.E.
name: Tan, J.
name: Santos, J.L.
name: Lozoff, B.
name: Guo, X.
name: Blanco, E.
name: Downie, C.
name: Justice, A.E.
name: Gahagan, S.
name: Graff, M.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Burrows, R.
name: Angel, B.
name: Voruganti, V.S.
name: Buchanan, V.L.
name: Chen, Y.-D.I.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2021

description: Background: The genetic underpinnings of glycemic traits have been understudied in adolescent and Hispanic/Latino (H/L) populations in comparison to adults and populations of European ancestry. Objective: To identify genetic factors underlying glycemic traits in an adolescent H/L population. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) in H/L adolescents from the Santiago Longitudinal Study. Results: We identified one novel variant positioned in the CSMD1 gene on chromosome 8 (rs77465890, effect allele frequency = 0.10) that was associated with FI (β = −0.299, SE = 0.054, p = 2.72×10−8) and was only slightly attenuated after adjusting for body mass index z-scores (β = −0.252, SE = 0.047, p = 1.03×10−7). We demonstrated directionally consistent, but not statistically significant results in African and Hispanic adults of the Population Architecture Using Genomics and Epidemiology Consortium. We also identified secondary signals for two FG loci after conditioning on known variants, which demonstrate allelic heterogeneity in well-known glucose loci. Conclusion: Our results exemplify the importance of including populations with diverse ancestral origin and adolescent participants in GWAS of glycemic traits to uncover novel risk loci and expand our understanding of disease aetiology.
Endogenous Price Mechanisms, Capture and Accountability Rules: Theory and Evidence
Creators: name: Guerriero, Carmine
name: Guerriero, Carmine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper analyzes the constitutional determinants of cost reimbursement rules. In order to design the optimal incentive schemes, a possibly partisan planner will take into account the market cost structure, the institutional design of the supervision hierarchical structure and its technology. I employ electricity data from the U.S. electric power market to test the model's predictions. The evidence shows that reforms from low powered incentive scheme (COS) to high powered one (PBR) are linked to high cost industries, the presence of elected supervisors, high inter-party platform distance and large (slim) majority when the reformer is Republican (Democratic). Moreover, there is some evidence in the data that performance-based regulation lowers regulated prices.
АНАЛИЗ АКТУАЛЬНЫХ ЗАКОНОТВОРЧЕСКИХ ИНИЦИАТИВ В ОБЛАСТИ РЕШЕНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОБЩИМ ИМУЩЕСТВОМ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ОРГАНИЗОВАННОЙ МАЛОЭТАЖНОЙ ЖИЛОЙ ЗАСТРОЙКИ
Creators: name: Зимин И.А.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: Президент РФ
Минюст РФ
Минстрой РФ
законопроект
Жилищный кодекс РФ
Закон о долевом строительстве
защита прав дольщиков
судебная практика
территория организованной малоэтажной жилой застройки
многоквартирные дома
малоэтажный жилой комплекс
общее имущество
таунхаус.

description: Статья знакомит читателей с проблемой неполноты и противоречивости законодательства по вопросу содержания общего имущества на территориях организованной малоэтажной застройки, которую чаще называют в литературе коттеджные поселки и малоэтажные комплексы, оценивает заинтересованность населения и государственных органов в ликвидации правовых пробелов с целью интенсификации малоэтажного строительства. Рассматриваются законотворческие инициатива Минстроя, изложенные в законопроекте под названием проект Федеральный закон О внесении изменений в Градостроительный кодекс Российской Федерации и отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации (в части малоэтажного строительства), размещенный в сети интернет по адресу: https://regulation.gov.ru/projects#npa=122649. Описывает основные положения данного законопроекта, в том числе предложения по внесению изменений в Жилищный кодек РФ с целью уровнять права собственников жилых помещений в многоквартирных домах и собственников жилых помещений на территориях организованной малоэтажной жилой застройки, фиксация в Жилищном Кодексе понятия организованная малоэтажная жилая застройка. Выводы сделаны на основе исследования статистической информации, публикуемой Федеральной службой государственной статистики, актуальной судебной практики. Проведен всесторонний анализ вышеуказанных источников, представлены выводы для последующих аналогичных споров.
Task-Adaptive Robot Learning from Demonstration with Gaussian Process Models under Replication
Creators: name: Arduengo, Miguel
name: Colomé, Adrià
name: Borràs, Júlia
name: Sentis, Luis
name: Torras, Carme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning from Demonstration (LfD) is a paradigm that allows robots to learn complex manipulation tasks that can not be easily scripted, but can be demonstrated by a human teacher. One of the challenges of LfD is to enable robots to acquire skills that can be adapted to different scenarios. In this paper, we propose to achieve this by exploiting the variations in the demonstrations to retrieve an adaptive and robust policy, using Gaussian Process (GP) models. Adaptability is enhanced by incorporating task parameters into the model, which encode different specifications within the same task. With our formulation, these parameters can be either real, integer, or categorical. Furthermore, we propose a GP design that exploits the structure of replications, i.e., repeated demonstrations with identical conditions within data. Our method significantly reduces the computational cost of model fitting in complex tasks, where replications are essential to obtain a robust model. We illustrate our approach through several experiments on a handwritten letter demonstration dataset.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Classifications of Skull Fractures using CT Scan Images via CNN with Lazy Learning Approach
Creators: name: Ornob, Tareque Rahman
name: Emon, Md Moniruzzaman
name: Rahman, Moqsadur
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Classification of skull fracture is a challenging task for both radiologists and researchers. Skull fractures result in broken pieces of bone, which can cut into the brain and cause bleeding and other injury types. So it is vital to detect and classify the fracture very early. In real world, often fractures occur at multiple sites. This makes it harder to detect the fracture type where many fracture types might summarize a skull fracture. Unfortunately, manual detection of skull fracture and the classification process is time-consuming, threatening a patient’s life. Because of the emergence of deep learning, this process could be automated. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are the most widely used deep learning models for image categorization because they deliver high accuracy and outstanding outcomes compared to other models. We propose a new model called SkullNetV1 comprising a novel CNN by taking advantage of CNN for feature extraction and lazy learning approach which acts as a classifier for classification of skull fractures from brain CT images to classify five fracture types. Our suggested model achieved a subset accuracy of 88%, an F1 score of 93%, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.89 to 0.98, a Hamming score of 92% and a Hamming loss of 0.04 for this seven-class multi-labeled classification
From Government to Regulatory Governance: Privatization and the Residual Role of the State
Creators: name: Perotti, Enrico
name: Bortolotti, Bernardo
name: Perotti, Enrico
name: Bortolotti, Bernardo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Political Economy

description: This paper reviews the state of thinking on the governance role of public ownership and control. We argue that the transfer of operational control over productive assets to the private sector represents the most desirable governance, due to the inherent difficulty for citizens to constrain political abuse relative to the ability of governments to regulate private activity. However in weak institutional environments the process needs to be structured so as to avoid capture of the regulatory process. The speed of transfer should be timed on the progress in developing a strong regulatory governance system, to which certain residual rights of intervention must be vested. After all, what are 'institutions' if not governance mechanisms with some degree of autonomy from both political and private interests? The gradual creation of institutions partially autonomous from political power must become central to the development of an optimal mode of regulatory governance. We advance some suggestions about creating accountability in regulatory governance, in particular creating an internal control system based on a rotating board representative of users, producers and civil society, to be elected by a process involving frequent reporting and disclosure.
Universal profiles for radio searches of dark matter in dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Vollmann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenology of diffuse radio emission from Dark Matter annihilation or decay in dwarf spheroidal galaxies is examined. We introduce (in the context of cosmic-ray physics) a novel strategy for the computation of the relevant synchrotron signals. In particular, we identify various regimes where, in analogy to prompt gamma rays, the diffuse radio signal from dark matter annihilation/decay can be expressed as the multiplication of a "halo" times a spectral function. These functions are computed here for the first time for a number of benchmark cases. Furthermore, we find parameter regions in which the emissivity can be well approximated by a universal function ~ sin(kr)/r, where r is the galacto-centric distance. Our theoretical setup differs from previous work in that, instead of employing a method-of-images strategy, we consider a Fourier-mode expansion of the relevant Green's functions. With this strategy, exact results can be obtained with very low computational cost and for generic dark matter models. In particular, O(10- 100) Fourier modes can be easily incorporated into the computations in order to probe the smallest scales of the problem. We also propose a new strategy to search for dark matter using radio observations of dwarf galaxies that is (1) easy to implement and (2) free of the otherwise large degeneracies in the description of synchrotron signals from dark matter. Finally, we correct a mistake in a widely used Green's function formula in this context. We show that the original expression leads to systematically incorrect - and in some cases divergent - results in the regime where the characteristic time-scale for diffusion is smaller than that for energy losses.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures, 8 tables, v2 matches published version
PHPQ: Pyramid Hybrid Pooling Quantization for Efficient Fine-Grained Image Retrieval
Creators: name: Zeng, Ziyun
name: Wang, Jinpeng
name: Chen, Bin
name: Dai, Tao
name: Xia, Shu-Tao
name: Wang, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep hashing approaches, including deep quantization and deep binary hashing, have become a common solution to large-scale image retrieval due to their high computation and storage efficiency. Most existing hashing methods cannot produce satisfactory results for fine-grained retrieval, because they usually adopt the outputs of the last CNN layer to generate binary codes. Since deeper layers tend to summarize visual clues, e.g., texture, into abstract semantics, e.g., dogs and cats, the feature produced by the last CNN layer is less effective in capturing subtle but discriminative visual details that mostly exist in shallow layers. To improve fine-grained image hashing, we propose Pyramid Hybrid Pooling Quantization (PHPQ). Specifically, we propose a Pyramid Hybrid Pooling (PHP) module to capture and preserve fine-grained semantic information from multi-level features, which emphasizes the subtle discrimination of different sub-categories. Besides, we propose a learnable quantization module with a partial codebook attention mechanism, which helps to optimize the most relevant codewords and improves the quantization. Comprehensive experiments on two widely-used public benchmarks, i.e., CUB-200-2011 and Stanford Dogs, demonstrate that PHPQ outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
description: Accepted by Pattern Recognition Letters
Single cell studies of calcium as second messenger in human granulosa-lutein and embryonic kidney 293 cells
Creators: name: Lee, Pearly S.N.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: It is well established that LH action is mediated primarily by adenylate cyclase/cAMP. Conversely, the role of inositol phosphate/calcium in LH signalling has only recently been investigated. We examined the effects of gonadotrophins on intracellular calcium mobilisation in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with human wild type or chimeric gonadotrophs receptors (n=3400). Intracellular free calcium concentration was measured using fura-2 microspectrofluorimetric techniques. Human LH (2-4 μg/ml) arid CG (10 IU/ml) consistently evoked oscillatory calcium signals in HEK293 cells transfected with hLHr, whereas hFSH (2-4 μg/ml) failed to elicit any calcium responses. Both hLH and hFSH failed to elicit a calcium response from HEK293 cells transfected with hFSHr. Pre-treatment of transfected HEK293 cells with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml) or with U-73122 (10 μM), a phospholipase C inhibitor, negated all gonadotrophin-evoked calcium mobilisation. Our study of chimeric gonadotrophin receptors show that the carboxy-terminal third of the hLHr is crucial in evoking intracellular calcium changes. Although various subdivisions of this region is capable of stimulating calcium transients, an intact carboxy-terminal third of the receptor is required for normal and sustained intracellular calcium profile. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of calcium oscillations in response to the activation of the hLH receptor, and to unequivocally show that the hLH receptor is coupled to the inositol phosphate/calcium signalling pathway via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. The role of extracellular ATP in the human ovary remains equivocal. We demonstrated that P2 purinoreceptor agonists evoke oscillatory intracellular calcium responses in hGLCs. The cells were responsive to ATP at concentrations ranging from 1-100 μM. ATP and UTP were more effective in stimulating calcium mobilisation than ADP. Neither adenosine nor AMP were capable of inducing intracellular calcium responses. The positive responses to adenosine thiotriphosphate, a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, indicate that the calcium responses were not due to by-products from ATP hydrolysis, and that hGLCs possess P2U purinoreceptors. We have also demonstrated that these purinergic-mediated intracellular calcium responses involve both Ca2 + influx; and Ca2+ mobilisation from intracellular stores. [Scientific formulae used in this abstract could not be reproduced.]
Nine-year ethanol intake trajectories and their association with 15-year cognitive decline among black and white adults
Creators: name: Petruski-Ivleva, N.
name: Graff, M.
name: Heiss, G.
name: Kucharska-Newton, A.
name: Zeng, D.
name: Love, S.-A.M.
name: Jones, S.B.
name: North, K.E.
name: Loehr, L.
name: Palta, P.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: Faster rates of age-related cognitive decline might result in early onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. The relationship between ethanol intake and cognitive decline, although studied extensively, remains poorly understood. Previous studies used single measurements of ethanol, and few were conducted in diverse populations. We assessed the association of 9-year trajectories of ethanol intake (1987-1998) with 15-year rate of decline in cognitive performance from mid- to late life (1996-2013) among 2,169 Black and 8,707 White participants of the US Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study using multivariable linear regression models. We hypothesized that stable, low to moderate drinking would be associated with lesser 15-year cognitive decline, and stable, heavy drinking with greater 15-year cognitive decline. Stable, low to moderate drinking (for Blacks, adjusted mean difference (MD) = 0.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.13, 0.19); for Whites, adjusted MD = 0.02 (95% CI: −0.05, 0.08)) and stable, heavy drinking (for Blacks, adjusted MD = 0.08 (95% CI: −0.34, 0.50); for Whites, adjusted MD = −0.03 (95% CI: −0.18, 0.11)) in midlife compared with stable never-drinking were not associated with 15-year decline in general cognitive function from mid- to late life. No association was observed for the stable former and “mostly” drinking trajectories with 15-year cognitive decline. Stable low, low to moderate, and stable heavy drinking in midlife are not associated with lesser and greater cognitive decline, respectively, from mid- to late life among Black and White adults.
Contest with Attack and Defence: Does Negative Campaigning Increase or Decrease Voters' Turnout?
Creators: name: Soubeyran, Raphael
name: Soubeyran, Raphael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Political Economy

description: We present a general model of two players contest with two types of efforts. Contrary to the classical models of contest, where each player chooses a unique effort, and where the outcome depends on the efforts of all the players, contestants are allowed to reduce the effort of the opponent. Defence increases one's chance of winning while attack annihilates the defence of the opponent. This model has many applications like political campaigning, wars, competition among lobbies, job promotion competitions, or sport contests. We study the general model of contest with attacks and defence and propose an application to negative political campaigns, where two candidates arbitrate between disparaging their opponent or enhancing their own image. We propose sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a symmetric Nash equilibrium of the contest game. In the application, we contribute to the empirically debated question dealing with the effect of attack on voters turnout, and show that the conclusion depends on the distribution of voters sensitivity to defence and attack. Furthermore, contrary to the literature, we show that an underdog candidate may be less aggressive than his opponent.
Continuous-time quantum walks on one-dimension regular networks
Creators: name: Xu, Xinping
name: Liu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider continuous-time quantum walks (CTQWs) on one-dimension ring lattice of N nodes in which every node is connected to its 2m nearest neighbors (m on either side). In the framework of the Bloch function ansatz, we calculate the spacetime transition probabilities between two nodes of the lattice. We find that the transport of CTQWs between two different nodes is faster than that of the classical continuous-time random walk (CTRWs). The transport speed, which is defined by the ratio of the shortest path length and propagating time, increases with the connectivity parameter m for both the CTQWs and CTRWs. For fixed parameter m, the transport of CTRWs gets slow with the increase of the shortest distance while the transport (speed) of CTQWs turns out to be a constant value. In the long time limit, depending on the network size N and connectivity parameter m, the limiting probability distributions of CTQWs show various paterns. When the network size N is an even number, the probability of being at the original node differs from that of being at the opposite node, which also depends on the precise value of parameter m.
description: Typos corrected and Phys. ReV. E comments considered in this version
Privatization in Africa: What has happened? What is to be done?
Creators: name: Nellis, John
name: Nellis, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Sub-Saharan African states urgently need expanded and more dynamic private sectors, more efficient and effective infrastructure/utility provision, and increased investment from both domestic and foreign sources. Privatization is one way to address these problems. But African states have generally been slow and reluctant privatizers; a good percentage of industrial/manufacturing and most infrastructure still remains in state hands. Given prevailing public hostility towards privatization, and widespread institutional weaknesses, such caution is defensible, but nonetheless very costly. The long-run and difficult solution is the creation and reinforcement of the institutions that underpin and guide proper market operations. In the interim, African governments and donors have little choice but to continue to experiment with the use of externally supplied substitutes for gaps in local regulatory and legal systems.
Spectroscopic visualization of flat bands in magic-angle twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene: localization-delocalization coexisting electronic states
Creators: name: Tong, Ling-Hui
name: Tong, Qingjun
name: Yang, Li-Zhen
name: Zhou, Yue-Ying
name: Wu, Qilong
name: Tian, Yuan
name: Zhang, Li
name: Zhang, Lijie
name: Qin, Zhihui
name: Yin, Long-Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent transport studies have demonstrated the great potential of twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene (tMBG) as a new platform to host moiré flat bands with a higher tunability than twisted bilayer graphene (tBG). However, a direct visualization of the flat bands in tMBG and its comparison with the ones in tBG remain unexplored. Here, via fabricating on a single sample with exactly the same twist angle of ~1.13°, we present a direct comparative study between tMBG and tBG using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. We observe a sharp density of states peak near the Fermi energy in tunneling spectroscopy, confirming unambiguously the existence of flat electronic bands in tMBG. The bandwidth of this flat-band peak is found to be slightly narrower than that of the tBG, validating previous theoretical predictions. Remarkably, by measuring spatially resolved spectroscopy, combined with continuum model calculation, we show that the flat-band states in tMBG exhibit a unique layer-resolved localization-delocalization coexisting feature, which offers an unprecedented possibility to utilize their cooperation on exploring novel correlation phenomena. Our work provides important microscopic insight of flat-band states for better understanding the emergent physics in graphene moiré systems.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
БИКАМЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ПАРЛАМЕНТ
Creators: name: Булаков О.Н.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: бикамерализм
парламент
Федеральное Собрание
Совет Федерации
Государственная Дума
двухпалатность
выборы депутатов.

description: Сравнительный анализ зарубежного опыта по устройству национальных парламентов показывает, что при всем разнообразии подходов и факторов, определяющих решение данного вопроса, можно выделить ряд устойчивых тенденций и закономерностей, характерных для общего вектора развития конституционализма.
Privatization and Efficiency: From Principals and Agents to Political Economy
Creators: name: Cavaliere, Alberto
name: Scabrosetti, Simona
name: Cavaliere, Alberto
name: Scabrosetti, Simona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Political Economy

description: We survey the theoretical literature on privatization and efficiency by tracing its evolution from the applications of agency theory to recent contributions in the field of political economy. The first ones extend the theory of regulation with incomplete information to address privatization issues, comparing State Owned Entreprises (SOEs) with private regulated firms. The benefits of privatization may either derive from the constraints it places on malevolent agents or to the impossibility of commitment by a benevolent government because of incomplete contracts. Contributions dealing with political economy issues separate privatization from restructuring decisions. They either explore bargaining between managers and politicians or analyze the impact of privatization shaped by political preferences on efficiency. The theoretical results regarding the relation between privatization and efficiency do not lead to any definitive conclusion. Privatization may increase productive efficiency when restructuring takes place whereas its effects on allocative efficiency still remain uncertain.
title: Разработка интегральной методики оценки устойчивости филиала электросетевой компании
title: Development of Integrated Evaluation Method of Sustainability for Electric Grid Company Branch
Creators: name: Данилова, Мария Владимировна
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2019

description: Проведено комплексное исследование основных теоретических подходов к понятию «устойчивость компании». Выявлены основные индикаторы устойчивости межрегиональной распределительной сетевой компании с учетом приоритетных направлений деятельности энергетической отрасли России. Сформулировано авторское определение устойчивости филиала электросетевой компании. Предложена интегральная методика оценки филиала электросетевой компании.
description: The article describes the main theoretical approaches to the concept of “company sustainability”. The main integral sustainability indicators of the Interregional Distribution Grid Company are identified, taking into account the priority areas of the energy industry in Russia. The author’s definition of the sustainability of an electric grid company branch is formulated. An integrated evaluation method of an electric grid company branch is proposed.
The effect of non-isothermality on the gravitational collapse of spherical clouds and the evolution of protostellar accretion
Creators: name: Vorobyov, E. I.
name: Basu, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of non-isothermality in gravitational collapse and protostellar accretion by explicitly including the effects of molecular radiative cooling, gas-dust energy transfer, and cosmic ray heating in models of spherical hydrodynamic collapse. Isothermal models have previously shown an initial decline in the mass accretion rate \dot{M}, due to a gradient of infall speed that develops in the prestellar phase. Our results show that: (1) in the idealized limit of optically thin cooling, a positive temperature gradient is present in the prestellar phase which effectively cancels out the effect of the velocity gradient, producing a near constant \dot{M} in the early accretion phase; (2) in the more realistic case including cooling saturation at higher densities, \dot{M} may initially be either weakly increasing or weakly decreasing with time, for low (T_d ~ 6 K) and high dust temperature (T_d ~ 10 K) cases, respectively. Hence, our results show that the initial decline in \dot{M} seen in isothermal models is definitely not enhanced by non-isothermal effects, and is often suppressed by them. In all our models, \dot{M} does eventually decline rapidly due to the finite mass condition on our cores and a resulting inward propagating rarefaction wave. Thus, any explanation for a rapid decline of $\dot{M}$ in the accretion phase likely needs to appeal to the global molecular cloud structure and possible envelope support, which results in a finite mass reservoir for cores.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Firm Regulation and Profit-Sharing: A Real Option Approach
Creators: name: Moretto, Michele
name: Valbonesi, Paola
name: Moretto, Michele
name: Valbonesi, Paola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: To avoid high profit levels often experienced in countries where monopolies in public utility sectors are regulated through price-cap mechanisms, several regulatory agencies have recently introduced profit-sharing (PS) clauses aimed at obtaining price reductions to the benefit of consumers. However, the implementation of these PS clauses has often turned out to be severely con- trained by the incompleteness of the price-cap itself and the non-verifiability of firms' profits. This paper studies the properties of a second-best optimal PS mechanism designed by the regulator to induce the regulated monopolist to divert part of its profits to custormers. In a dynamic model where a reg- ulated monopolist manages a long-term franchise contract and the regulator has the option to revoke the contract if there are serious welfare losses, we first derive the welfare maximising PS mechanism under verifiability of prof- its. Subsequently, we explore the sustainability of the PS mechanism under non-verifiability of profits. In a infinite-horizon game, it is showed that the dynamic sustainability of the PS clause crucially depends upon the magni- tude of the regulator's revocation cost: the higher this cost, the lower the profit shared and the less frequent the regulator's PS introduction. Finally, we present the endogenous and dynamic price adjustment which follows the adoption of the investigated PS mechanism in a price-cap regulation setting.
Search for dark photons in Higgs boson production via vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is presented for a Higgs boson that is produced via vector boson fusion and that decays to an undetected particle and an isolated photon. The search is performed by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC, using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 130 fb$^{-1}$, recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016-2018. No significant excess of events above the expectation from the standard model background is found. The results are interpreted in the context of a theoretical model in which the undetected particle is a massless dark photon. An upper limit is set on the product of the cross section for production via vector boson fusion and the branching fraction for such a Higgs boson decay, as a function of the Higgs boson mass. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, assuming the standard model production rates, the observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit on the branching fraction is 3.5 (2.8)%. This is the first search for such decays in the vector boson fusion channel. Combination with a previous search for Higgs bosons produced in association with a Z boson results in an observed (expected) upper limit on the branching fraction of 2.9 (2.1)% at 95% confidence level.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-20-005 (CMS Public Pages)
Matrices and Finite Biquandles
Creators: name: Nelson, Sam
name: Vo, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M27

description: We describe a way of representing finite biquandles with n elements as 2n x 2n block matrices. Any finite biquandle defines an invariant of virtual knots through counting homomorphisms. The counting invariants of non-quandle biquandles can reveal information not present in the knot quandle, such as the non-triviality of the virtual trefoil and various Kishino knots. We also exhibit a virtual knot which is distinguished from its obverse and its reverse by a finite biquandle counting invariant. We classify biquandles of order 2, 3 and 4 and provide a URL for our Maple programs for computing with finite biquandles.
description: 20 pages. Version 4: changes made as suggested by the referee. To appear in Homology, Homotopy and Applications
Sociodemographic predictors of early postnatal growth: Evidence from a Chilean infancy cohort
Creators: name: Gahagan, S.
name: Blanco, E.
name: Lozoff, B.
name: Howard, A.G.
name: Graff, M.
name: Justice, A.
name: North, K.E.
name: Voruganti, V.S.
name: Von Holle, A.
name: Burrows, R.A.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2020

description: Objectives Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age. Design Prospective cohort study. Settings Low-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991-1996). Participants 1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants. Main outcome measures Longitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP). Results Lower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (-0.22, 95% CI-0.31 to-0.13)-outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)-outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters. Conclusion Previous research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth.