cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Energetische Schädigungsanalyse der Betonermüdung
Creators: name: Bode, Matthias
name: Marx, Steffen
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ermüdung
subject: Schädigung
subject: Dissipationsenergie
subject: Hysterese
subject: Erwärmung
subject: fatigue
subject: damage
subject: dissipation energy
subject: hysteresis
subject: warming
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Aufgrund des visko-elasto-plastischen Materialverhaltens wird während Ermüdungsversuchen die den Betonprobekörpern zugeführte Energie in eine andere Energieform umgewandelt. Neben der Beschreibung des energetischen Materialverhaltens von Beton werden in diesem Beitrag die elastischen und plastischen Energieanteile sowie der Anteil der Dissipationsenergie von Beton unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen ausgewertet. Dabei zeigt insbesondere die Dissipationsenergie einen deutlichen Zusammenhang zur Schädigungsentwicklung infolge der zyklischen Beanspruchung. Mithilfe des entwickelten und auf dieser Erkenntnis aufbauenden energetischen Schädigungsmodells können während zyklischer Versuche der aktuelle Schädigungsgrad abgeschätzt sowie Schädigungsverläufe über die Versuchslaufzeit dargestellt werden. Die ersten Anwendungen des Schädigungsmodells zeigen gute und plausible Ergebnisse.
description: Due to the visco-elastoplastic material behaviour the added energy to the concrete specimens during fatigue tests is transformed into another form of energy. Besides the description of the energetic material behaviour of concrete, the elastic and the plastic part of the energy as well as the dissipation energy was analysed for different fatigue tests. Especially the dissipation energy shows a correlation to the damage process as a result of the cyclic loading. Regarding this correlation, a new energetic damage model is introduced. With this model a degree of damage during the tests and the development of the damage parameter over the load cycles can be determined. First tests of the developed model show good and plausible results.
title: Putin El Caudillo
Creators: name: Schnur, Kyran
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: This paper examines the historical development of the relationship between the Putin regime in Russia and the Chávez and Maduro regimes in Venezuela. Key differences and similarities in their foreign and domestic policies are explored, as well as how they interact with each other on the world stage. It makes the case that chavismo in Venezuela has lead to increasingly autocratic policies as oil prices have declined and leadership has changed hands, changing the character of Venezuela and Russia’s relationship into one that closely resembles the patron-client relationships of Latin American caudillismo.
A critical assessment of the added value of territorial cohesion
Creators: name: Othengrafen, Frank
name: Cornett, Andreas P.
Publisher: name: Stockholm : Nordregio
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Added value
subject: Policy coordination
subject: Socio-economic convergence
subject: Spatial planning
subject: Territorial cohesion
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: This paper, by drawing on various interpretations or storylines of territorial cohesion and by referring to the national policy contexts in Denmark and Germany, critically assesses the concept of territorial cohesion and its added value by exploring what difference the formal recognition of territorial cohesion makes for EU, national and regional policymaking in terms of adapted policy objectives, altered perceptions of territory and place and modified policy instruments. It is argued herein that even though territorial cohesion obviously changes the rationales underlying the cohesion policies and strategic European spatial development policies by emphasising the potential of territorial capital for innovation and employment, the concept of territorial capital is not completely new. Some of the objectives or meanings can be found in former EU cohesion or spatial development policies; additionally, some EU member states such as Denmark have pursued this type of strategy since the early 1990s. Additionally, in Germany, instruments for social and economic cohesion already cover territorial aspects, meaning that the added value of the concept of territorial cohesion can critically be questioned. Furthermore, Denmark and Germany are both sceptical with regard to the introduction of new funding priorities and instruments; the old ones obviously work sufficiently as convergence among regions could be achieved from a country-by-country perspective. Nevertheless, an important advantage of the concept of territorial cohesion is that it offers added value for rethinking current (spatial) policies, strategies and instruments in EU member states that do not have such a long tradition or established system of spatial development policies. From this perspective, the concept of territorial cohesion has sharpened the attention paid to the territorial implications of European policies from a broader perspective, and thus it may serve as a conceptual tool to deal with these issues, not only from an economic but also from a spatial planning and policy coordination perspective.
The 2D incompressible Boussinesq equations with general critical dissipation
Creators: name: Jiu, Quansen
name: Miao, Changxing
name: Wu, Jiahong
name: Zhang, Zhifei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35, 35B35, 35B65, 76D03

description: This paper aims at the global regularity problem concerning the 2D incompressible Boussinesq equations with general critical dissipation. The critical dissipation refers to $α+β=1$ when $Λ^α\equiv (-Δ)^{\fracα{2}}$ and $Λ^β$ represent the fractional Laplacian dissipation in the velocity and the temperature equations, respectively. We establish the global regularity for the general case with $α+β=1$ and $0.9132\approx α_0
description: 30 pages
Comparison of single- and multi-scale models for the prediction of the Culicoides biting midge distribution in Germany
Creators: name: Lühken, Renke
name: Gethmann, Jörn Martin
name: Kranz, Petra
name: Steffenhagen, Pia
name: Staubach, Christoph
name: Conraths, Franz J.
name: Kiel, Ellen
Publisher: name: Pavia : Page Press Publications
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ceratopogonidae
subject: Culicoides
subject: Multiscale model
subject: Species distribution model
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: This study analysed Culicoides presence-absence data from 46 sampling sites in Germany, where monitoring was carried out from April 2007 until May 2008. Culicoides presence-absence data were analysed in relation to land cover data, in order to study whether the prevalence of biting midges is correlated to land cover data with respect to the trapping sites. We differentiated eight scales, i.e. buffer zones with radii of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5 and 10 km, around each site, and chose several land cover variables. For each species, we built eight single-scale models (i.e. predictor variables from one of the eight scales for each model) based on averaged, generalised linear models and two multiscale models (i.e. predictor variables from all of the eight scales) based on averaged, generalised linear models and generalised linear models with random forest variable selection. There were no significant differences between performance indicators of models built with land cover data from different buffer zones around the trapping sites. However, the overall performance of multi-scale models was higher than the alternatives. Furthermore, these models mostly achieved the best performance for the different species using the index area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. However, as also presented in this study, the relevance of the different variables could significantly differ between various scales, including the number of species affected and the positive or negative direction. This is an even more severe problem if multi-scale models are concerned, in which one model can have the same variable at different scales but with different directions, i.e. negative and positive direction of the same variable at different scales. However, multi-scale modelling is a promising approach to model the distribution of Culicoides species, accounting much more for the ecology of biting midges, which uses different resources (breeding sites, hosts, etc.) at different scales.
title: Wreckless Endangerment: How Nuclear Weapons Affected U.S. and Soviet Foreign Policy 1945-1962
Creators: name: Morrissey, Conor
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: This paper seeks to answer the question of how the development of nuclearweapons changed the nature of warfare, diplomacy, and international relations. It frames thehistorical context in which these weapons were invented, how they were used to achieve militarygoals, and asks ethical and moralistic questions about how they changed the way global affairswere conducted. The focus of this paper begins with the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, and ends with the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962. This seventeen-year period marks the era of the Cold War upon which nuclear weapons had the most pronounced and profound effect. Though their influence has never left the geopolitical landscape, the historical events and actors who lived through this initial phase were operating without guidelines or precedent to steer them, and thus their ability to navigate mankind out of this tumultuous time without engaging in an open nuclear conflict is somewhat remarkable. That unique achievement will be the central theme of this paper.
title: Der Stand der Lohnkonvergenz zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland und damit einhergehende Konsequenzen für die Angleichung des Rentenrechts
Creators: name: Jansen, Andreas
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2018

description: In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob der Prozess der Lohn- und Gehaltskonvergenz zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland mittlerweile als abgeschlossen anzusehen ist oder nicht. Dazu werden der derzeitige Stand und die vergangene Dynamik dieses Prozesses unter statistischer Kontrolle einer möglichst großen Zahl an Drittvariablen, wie bspw. der Branchenzugehörigkeit, dem Tätigkeitsniveau oder der beruflichen Qualifikation, untersucht. Die Beantwortung dieser Frage ist danbei nicht nur in Hinblick auf das Ziel der Herstellung gleicher Lebens- und Einkommensbedingungen in Ost- und Westdeutschland von Bedeutung, sondern besitzt auch eine erhebliche rentenrechtliche Relevanz. So gibt es bis heute Sonderregelungen für die Rentenberechnung in Ostdeutschland, deren Legitimation aufgrund des Gebots der Rechtseinheit dann endet, wenn davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass sich die in Ostdeutschland realisierten Löhne und Gehälter weitgehend an das westdeutsche Niveau angeglichen haben.  

Im Ergebnis zeigt sich eine nur schwer aufzulösende Problemkonstellation: Einerseits weisen die Analysen auf der Gesamtebene darauf hin, dass auch gut 25 Jahre nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung noch nicht von einer vollständigen Lohn- und Gehaltskonvergenz ausgegangen werden kann. Andererseits wird bei differenzierterer Betrachtung deutlich, dass dieses Ergebnis nicht für alle Branchen und alle Beschäftigtengruppen in gleicher Weise zutrifft. So kann der Prozess der Lohn- und Gehaltskonvergenz für einen gewichtigen Teil der Beschäftigten im Dienstleistungssektor als weit fortgeschritten oder sogar als abgeschlossen angesehen werden, während für einen ebenfalls gewichtigen Teil der Beschäftigten im produzierenden Gewerbe sowie für Beschäftigte in nicht tarifgebundenen Betrieben, die Lohn- und Gehaltsdifferenzen im Zeitverlauf sogar zugenommen haben. Eine besonders negative Entwicklung weisen dabei die Facharbeiter auf.  

Die Ergebnisse auf aggregierter Ebene verschleiern somit sehr unterschiedliche Entwicklungen in einzelnen Branchen bzw. bei einzelnen Beschäftigtengruppen, denen bei der Frage nach einem geeigneten Modell zur Angleichung des Rentenrechts zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland Rechnung getragen werden sollte.  Vorstellbar wäre es bspw., ein Stufenmodell zu entwickeln, das eine mittelfristige Angleichung bis spätestens 2030 vorsieht. Dadurch würde ergänzenden oder kürzlich durchgeführten arbeitsmarktpolitischen Reformen, wie dem Tarifautonomiestärkungsgesetz, die Möglichkeit zur Diffusion ermöglicht.
Insights into innovative contract design to improve the integration of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural management
Creators: name: Bredemeier, Birte
name: Herrmann, Sylvia
name: Sattler, Claudia
name: Prager, Katrin
name: Van Bussel, Lenny G.J.
name: Rex, Julia
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: AECM
subject: Contract governance
subject: Land tenure approaches
subject: PES
subject: Public goods
subject: Value chain approaches
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Innovative contracts are needed that promote the provision of biodiversity and diverse ecosystem services from land under agricultural production, given that mainstream agri-environment-climate measures (AECM) funded by the public purse have shown limited effectiveness. Recently, various actors from the public, private and third sectors have experimented with and implemented innovative contracts that incentivise farmers for the increased provision of environmental public goods alongside private goods. Due to their evolving and experimental nature, detailed information on characteristics of contract design and governance context of these contracts is lacking, hence preventing them from being used more widely. This paper addresses this gap and reports the findings of an analysis of 62 cases, based on information from a literature review and complemented by expert knowledge. Following an actor-based typology, we identified innovative payments for ecosystem services (PES) as the most common contract type, followed by value chain approaches and very few land tenure contracts. Alternative classifications are possible, with hybrid contracts showing promising combinations of different contract characteristics such as basis of payment (action-based, results-based) and contract parties (collective or bilateral arrangements). The most innovative approaches were value chain contracts. They exhibited more tailored contracts between (single) producers and processors instead of the generic publicly-funded AECM, a stronger bottom-up approach to define the (mostly action-based) measures, and the interest of processors to use these activities for marketing purposes. In contrast, publicly-funded PES contracts appeared to be more innovative with respect to results-based payments rewarding the environmental performance of farmers, and providing them more flexibility and autonomy. Future research should focus on the benefits of such innovative contracts, e.g. with regard to costs and environmental effectiveness. © 2022 The Authors
title: The molecular pathology of metastasis with reference to the SL 12 murine lymphoma model
Creators: name: Wong, Wing Zou
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Molecular biology, cellular biology.

description: The SL 12 murine T-lymphoma cell line established by MacLeod et. al., has two sister clones SL 12.3 and SL 12.4. These two cell lines with similar amount of DNA have been shown to have different surface antigens, tumourigenicity and pattern of metastasis. This was thought to be due to differential expression of genes, either repressed or activated, by the two cell lines. This study has re-established the SL 12.3 and SL 12.4 cell lines, hi tissue culture, both cell lines grow well in suspension in modified Dulbecco medium (DMEM). SL 12.4 cells grow in clumps whereas SL 12.3 cells grow diffusely in vitro. Growth curves of SL 12.3 and SL 12.4 cell lines over five days show similar characteristics but with wide variation in SL 12.4 cell counts resulting in large standard error of mean. Clumping of SL 12.4 cells may be responsible for this variation due to cell counting difficulties. Therefore, although growth curves between the two cell lines are shown to be similar', it is not possible to conclude that the growth rates and cell doubling times are identical. In macroscopic studies, mice injected with 106 SL 12.3 cells via the tail vein deteriorate over a median of 17 days (range 11 to 24 days). All mice (100%) have huge hepatosplenomegaly. On the other hand, only one mouse (9.1%) injected with similar number of SL 12.4 cells deteriorated with metastases at 22 days. When the inoculum of SL 12.4 cells was increased to 107 cells, 78.5% of mice developed metastasis over a median of 48 days (range 31-56 days). Metastases were seen in ovaries, kidneys and lymph nodes macroscopically in contrast to SL 12.3 cells. Microscopically, it was found that both SL 12.3 and SL 12.4 cells were similarly distributed in various organs that were not involved macroscopically indicating that the observed differing pattern of metastasis is more likely to be due to differential 'in-organ' growth rates rather than cells homing to a particular site after injection. This hypothesis was further investigated by in vivo cellular tracking studies using 125IUDR labelled cells. The mean number of SL 12.4 cells per gram of wet tissue was found to be higher in ovarian tissues at 60 minutes post injection but after 3 hours post injection, both cell lines showed no significant differences in tissue distribution. This again suggested no evidence of a 'homing' phenomenon. The percentage of incorporation was poorly reproducible and this markedly reduced the sensitivity of the study producing wide variation making the data interpretation difficult and therefore, conclusion based in the data non-valid. Molecular characterisation of the two cell lines was performed using the technique of Differential Display to further investigate the possibility of differential gene expression or repression that could be responsible for the differing in vivo growth rates. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
Language Without Words: A Pointillist Model for Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Song, Peiyou
name: Shu, Anhei
name: Phipps, David
name: Wallach, Dan
name: Tiwari, Mohit
name: Crandall, Jedidiah
name: Luger, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; H.2.8; H.3.1

description: This paper explores two separate questions: Can we perform natural language processing tasks without a lexicon?; and, Should we? Existing natural language processing techniques are either based on words as units or use units such as grams only for basic classification tasks. How close can a machine come to reasoning about the meanings of words and phrases in a corpus without using any lexicon, based only on grams? Our own motivation for posing this question is based on our efforts to find popular trends in words and phrases from online Chinese social media. This form of written Chinese uses so many neologisms, creative character placements, and combinations of writing systems that it has been dubbed the "Martian Language." Readers must often use visual queues, audible queues from reading out loud, and their knowledge and understanding of current events to understand a post. For analysis of popular trends, the specific problem is that it is difficult to build a lexicon when the invention of new ways to refer to a word or concept is easy and common. For natural language processing in general, we argue in this paper that new uses of language in social media will challenge machines' abilities to operate with words as the basic unit of understanding, not only in Chinese but potentially in other languages.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Magnetic fields in nearby normal galaxies: Energy equipartition
Creators: name: Basu, Aritra
name: Roy, Subhashis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present maps of total magnetic field using 'equipartition' assumptions for five nearby normal galaxies at sub-kpc spatial resolution. The mean magnetic field is found to be ~11 μG. The field is strongest near the central regions where mean values are ~20--25 μG and falls to ~15 μG in disk and ~10 μG in the outer parts. There is little variation in the field strength between arm and interarm regions, such that, in the interarms, the field is < 20 percent weaker than in the arms. There is no indication of variation in magnetic field as one moves along arm or interarm after correcting for the radial variation of magnetic field. We also studied the energy densities in gaseous and ionized phases of the interstellar medium and compared to the energy density in the magnetic field. The energy density in the magnetic field was found to be similar to that of the gas within a factor of <2 at sub-kpc scales in the arms, and thus magnetic field plays an important role in pressure balance of the interstellar medium. Magnetic field energy density is seen to dominate over the kinetic energy density of gas in the interarm regions and outer parts of the galaxies and thereby helps in maintaining the large scale ordered fields seen in those regions.
description: 12 Pages, 6 Figures, Accepted to be published in MNRAS
The first Argentine national League: Prospective and multi-center epidemiological study of injuries in professional soccer players of the second division during the 2022 season
Creators: name: Baldjian, Agustin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420106
subject: Physiotherapy

description: This research has a descriptive, observational, multicentric, prospective and longitudinal design in which six teams from the second professional category of the Argentine football league were included during the 2022 annual season.
title: Adapting Crash Modification Factors for the Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment
Creators: name: Lause, Federico
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The Crash Modification Factor (CMF) clearinghouse can be used to estimate benefits for specific highway safety countermeasures. It assists safety professionals in the allocation of investments. The clearinghouse contains over 7000 entries of which only 446 are categorized as intelligent transportation systems or advanced technology, but none directly address connected or autonomous vehicles (CAVs). Further, the effectiveness of highway safety countermeasures is assumed to remain constant over time, an assumption that is particularly problematic as new technologies are introduced. For example, for the existing fleet of human-driven vehicles, installation of rumble strip can potentially reduce “run-off-road” crashes by 40%. If specific CAV technologies, e.g., lane-tracking, can work without rumble strips, and say, half of all cars are so equipped, only half of the fleet will benefit, reducing the benefits of rumble strips by a commensurate amount. Benefits of the two improvements, e.g., rumble strips and automated vehicles, should not be double-counted. As there will still be human-driven and/or non-connected vehicles in the fleet, conventional countermeasures are still necessary, although returns on conventional safety investments may be significantly overestimated. This is important as safety investments should be optimized and geared to future, not past fleets. Moreover, as CMFs are based on historical events, the types of crashes experienced by human-driven, un-connected cars are likely to be much different in the future. This research presents methods to estimate the safety benefits that autonomous vehicles have to offer and the changes needed in CMFs as a result of their adoption. This will primarily be achieved by modifying and enhancing a tool co-developed by the Fellow that estimates the safety benefits of different levels of autonomy. This tool, ddSAFCAT, estimates CAV safety benefits using real-world data for crashes, market penetration, and effectiveness.
description: Copyright © Federico Valentin Lause 2019
description: Funding information: This research was supported by the Dwight D. Eisenhower Transportation Fellowship Program 3200002311.
Minuartia biflora
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: M. biflora (L.) Schinz et Thell. (Als. biflora Wahlenb.) Cat. 50. l: Pointe de Chésery, Grenze Wallis-Hochsavoyen (Briquet). - 2: An der Montagne de Fully bis 2770m (Gams); Sanetsch (Wilczek).- 3:Valsorey (Doyle Lit.1952) (sehr fraglich;Belegexemplare sind nicht beizubringen:Verf.).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
title: Proefstortingen Westerschelde: deelrapport 5. Stromings- en sedimenttransport metingen ter hoogte van de diepe put van Hansweert – proefstorting 2021
Creators: name: Plancke, Yves
name: Meire, Dieter
Publisher: name: Flanders Hydraulics Research
Year: 2022

description: Title : WL Rapporten. Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium: Antwerpen. Volume : 19_079_5 Issue : Pagination : VII, 41 + 24 p. bijl.
Natural durability of timber exposed above ground - A survey [Prirodna trajnost drva izlozenoga iznad zemlje - Pregled istrazivanja]
Creators: name: Brischke, Christian
name: Meyer, Linda
name: Alfredsen, Gry
name: Humar, Miha
name: Francis, Lesley
name: Flæte, Per-Otto
name: Larsson-Brelid, Pia
Publisher: name: Zagreb : Faculty of Forestry, Zagreb University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Durability classes
subject: Field tests
subject: Resistance factor
subject: Service life prediction
subject: Test methodology
subject: Use class 3
subject: Field test
subject: Resistance factors
subject: Benchmarking
subject: Testing
subject: Timber
subject: Durability
subject: aboveground biomass
subject: climate conditions
subject: data set
subject: durability
subject: literature review
subject: timber
subject: Australia
subject: Europe
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Besides its inherent resistance against degrading organisms, the durability of timber is infl uenced by design details and climatic conditions, making it difficult to treat wood durability as an absolute value. Durability classification is, therefore, based on comparing performance indicators between the timber in question and a reference timber. These relative values are grouped and related to durability classes, which can refer to a high range of service-lives. The insufficient comparability of such durability records has turned out to be a key challenge for service-life prediction. This paper reviewed literature data, based on service-life measures, not masked by a durability classification. It focused on natural durability of timber tested in the field above-ground. Additionally, results from ongoing aboveground durability studies in Europe and Australia are presented and have been used for further analysis. In total, 163 durability recordings from 31 different test sites worldwide based on ten different test methods have been considered for calculation of resistance factors. The datasets were heterogeneous in quality and quantity; the resulting resistance factors suffered from high variation. In conclusion, an open platform for scientific exchange is needed to increase the amount of available service-life related data.
Wei-Norman equations for a unitary evolution
Creators: name: Charzyński, Szymon
name: Kuś, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wei-Norman technique allows to express the solution of a system of linear non-autonomous differential equations in terms of product of exponentials. In particular it enables to find a time-ordered product of exponentials by solving a set of nonlinear differential equations. The method has numerous theoretical and computational advantages, in particular in optimal control theory. We show that in the unitary case, i.e.\ when the solution of the linear system is given by a unitary evolution operator, the nonlinear system can be by an appropriate choice of ordering reduced to a hierarchy of matrix Riccati equations. Our findings have a particular significance in quantum control theory since pure quantum evolution is unitary.
description: 17 pages
Evaluation and optimization of parameters in the measurement for airborne scanner using response surface method
Creators: name: Zhang, Ding-Bang
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Shen, Zheng
name: Cheng, Tao
name: Bai, Yongtao
Publisher: name: London : SAGE Publications Ltd.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Airborne scanner
subject: engineering measurement
subject: engineering uncertainty
subject: response surface
subject: Errors
subject: Scanning
subject: Surface properties
subject: Uncertainty analysis
subject: Configuration characteristics
subject: Engineering measurements
subject: Optimization of parameters
subject: Optimum configurations
subject: Response surface
subject: Response surface method
subject: Three dimensional coordinate
subject: Parameter estimation
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: This paper aims to evaluate the working parameters and try to make an optimized use of the parameters which affect the measurement accuracy of airborne scanner. First, based on response surface method, three levels of configuration values of each parameter are selected, respectively, and 53 response surface experiments are designed. Second, three-dimensional coordinate errors of the scan points in each response surface experiment are calculated by comparing the coordinates measured by airborne scanner and common measuring apparatus. Third, by analyzing the experimental error through response surface method, the optimum configuration values of the parameters are determined. Meanwhile, the configuration characteristics and change laws of each parameter on three-dimensional coordinate errors are also realized. Results show that the most influencing parameters are flight height, flight speed, ground feature, aspect angle, scan frequency, and course angle. The optimum values for these parameters are found to be 46.14 m/s for flight speed, type 2 for ground feature, 88 Hz for scan frequency, 54.4° for course angle, 24.12° for aspect angle, and 215.92 m for flight height. The verification experiments showed that the predicted values from the response surface method are quite close to the experimental values, which validate the proposed approach.
On the sensitivity of the parameters of the intensity-based stochastic model for terrestrial laser scanner. Case study: B-spline approximation
Creators: name: Kermarrec, Gael
name: Alkhatib, Hamza
name: Neumann, Ingo
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: B-spline approximation
subject: Control point
subject: Intensity-based model
subject: Stochastic model
subject: Terrestrial laser scanner
subject: Covariance matrix
subject: Image coding
subject: Interpolation
subject: Laser applications
subject: Scanning
subject: Ship propellers
subject: Stochastic control systems
subject: Stochastic systems
subject: Surveying instruments
subject: Cartesian coordinate
subject: Closed-loop simulations
subject: Loss of efficiencies
subject: Stochastic properties
subject: Terrestrial laser scanners
subject: Variance-covariance matrices
subject: Stochastic models
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: For a trustworthy least-squares (LS) solution, a good description of the stochastic properties of the measurements is indispensable. For a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), the range variance can be described by a power law function with respect to the intensity of the reflected signal. The power and scaling factors depend on the laser scanner under consideration, and could be accurately determined by means of calibrations in 1d mode or residual analysis of LS adjustment. However, such procedures complicate significantly the use of empirical intensity models (IM). The extent to which a point-wise weighting is suitable when the derived variance covariance matrix (VCM) is further used in a LS adjustment remains moreover questionable. Thanks to closed loop simulations, where both the true geometry and stochastic model are under control, we investigate how variations of the parameters of the IM affect the results of a LS adjustment. As a case study, we consider the determination of the Cartesian coordinates of the control points (CP) from a B-splines curve. We show that a constant variance can be assessed to all the points of an object having homogeneous properties, without affecting the a posteriori variance factor or the loss of efficiency of the LS solution. The results from a real case scenario highlight that the conclusions of the simulations stay valid even for more challenging geometries. A procedure to determine the range variance is proposed to simplify the computation of the VCM.
title: Hybridized Intrusion Detection and Prevention System Using Static IP Address
Creators: name: Oluwasogo Adekunle Okunade
Publisher: name: Covenant University
Year: 2019

description: Internet growth and constant increase in traffic volume, resulted into various misuse and attacks on the internet, that increases security challenges over intrusion detection and prevention system against sophisticated attacks. This has become paramount importance since single mode intrusion detection systems have a lot of difficulties in protecting system and network from sophisticated attacks. However, this paper propose hybridized intrusion detection and prevention system using static IP address whereby the incoming packets are examined for attacks at two layers, both at network level as network based intrusion detection and prevention system (NIDPS) and at host level as host based intrusion detection and prevention system (HIDPS) to further strength system and network security. This help to prevent against intrusion, minimize false positive and negative alert and maximize true positive and negative detection. This technique handled sufficient information in a real-time to account for irregular use of networks and computer systems in a real time.
Impact of groundtrack pattern of a single pair mission on the gravity recovery quality
Creators: name: Iran-Pour, Siavash
name: Weigelt, Matthias
name: Amiri-Simkooei, Alireza
name: Sneeuw, Nico
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Gravity field recovery
subject: Groundtrack
subject: Sampling
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: For future gravity satellite missions, aliasing of high frequency geophysical signals into the lower frequencies is one of the most challenging obstacles to recovering true gravity signals, i.e., to recover the truth. Several studies have investigated the impact of satellite groundtrack pattern on the quality of gravity recovery. Among those works, the concept of sub-cycle has been discussed as well. However, most of that research has focused on the impact of sampling patterns on global solutions up to a fixed maximum spherical harmonic coefficient, rather than the associated coefficient defined by the Colombo-Nyquist and modified Colombo-Nyquist rules. This work tries to look more closely into the influence of sampling patterns on the gravity recovery quality for global and regional studies when the Colombo-Nyquist and modified Colombo-Nyquist rules apply. For the regional study, the impact of groundtrack patterns of different satellite constellation scenarios are investigated for a hydrological basin in central Africa. The quality of the gravity products are assessed by different metrics, e.g., by spatial covariance representation. The potential meaning of the sub-cycle concept in terms of global and local impacts is also investigated by different repeat-orbit scenarios with even and odd parities. Different solution scenarios in terms of the original and modified Colombo-Nyquist rules will be discussed. The results of our study emphasize the impact of maximum harmonics of the recovery, the influence of sub-cycle on the local gravity recovery and the mission formation impact on the recovery error.
title: Genetic manipulation of the transplanted heart by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer
Creators: name: Yap, John Y. M.
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Genetics.

description: Heart transplantation is currently a viable option for the treatment of patients with end-stage cardiac disease. Although improved survival has been achieved over the last decade, transplant recipients remained vulnerable to the risks of rejection, infection, the effects of immunosuppression and accelerated transplant atherosclerosis. Recent advances in molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology have fostered the concept of gene transfer. Successful gene transfer is dependant on the properties of vectors used in delivering genes to the target cells. The vectors used to date include adenovirus, retrovirus, adeno-associated virus and plasmid-liposome. Replication defective adenoviral vectors are currently the agents of choice for in vivo cardiovascular gene transfer because of their relative efficiency and ability in transducing non-dividing cells. Disadvantages of adenoviral vectors include transient duration of transgene expression and potential cytotoxicity. Gene transfer to the transplanted heart may represent a novel approach to the study of transplantation biology and may have therapeutic potential in the management of human transplantation disease. The availability of the donor heart at the time of harvest and the period of cold preservation may allow for a prolonged viral vector dwell time which would not be possible in in vivo vascular wall gene transfer. This prolonged dwell time may lead to enhanced gene transfer in this setting. Also, the necessary use of immunosuppressive agents in transplant setting may modulate the potential cytotoxicity and duration of transgene expression of adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. In the cardiovascular system, nitric oxide (NO) derived from the vascular endothelium regulates vascular tone. Its other properties include inhibition of proliferation of smooth muscle cells, adhesion and activation of leukocytes and platelets. In addition, reduced bioactivity of nitric oxide is a feature of atherosclerosis and vascular injury. Therefore, overexpression of nitric oxide may be beneficial in modifying accelerated transplant atherosclerosis. The focus of this thesis was on adenoviral-mediated gene transfer in the heart transplant setting. It addressed the feasibility and favourable conditions to achieve efficient gene transfer in the donor heart during cold preservation. In particular, the effect of increased coronary distension during viral vector dwell and the potential role of warm ischaemia, during the transplant procedure, on efficiency of gene transfer were examined. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
Recommendation system for information services adapted, over terrestrial digital television
Creators: name: Rios, Mery Yolima Uribe
name: Páez, Rafael V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68U35

description: The development of digital television in Colombia has grown in last years, specially the digital terrestrial television (DTT), which is an essential part to the projects of National Minister of ICT, thanks to the big distribution and use of the television network and Internet in the country. This article explains how joining different technologies like social networks, information adaptation and DTT, to get an application that offers information services to users, based on their data, preferences, inclinations, use and interaction with others users and groups inside the network.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures and 3 tables
GRACETOOLS - GRACE gravity field recovery tools
Creators: name: Darbeheshti, Neda
name: Wöske, Florian
name: Weigelt, Matthias
name: McCullough, Christopher
name: Wu, Hu
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: GRACE
subject: Gravity field recovery
subject: Variational equations
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: This paper introduces GRACETOOLS, the first open source gravity field recovery tool using GRACE type satellite observations. Our aim is to initiate an open source GRACE data analysis platform, where the existing algorithms and codes for working with GRACE data are shared and improved. We describe the first release of GRACETOOLS that includes solving variational equations for gravity field recovery using GRACE range rate observations. All mathematical models are presented in a matrix format, with emphasis on state transition matrix, followed by details of the batch least squares algorithm. At the end, we demonstrate how GRACETOOLS works with simulated GRACE type observations. The first release of GRACETOOLS consist of all MATLAB M-files and is publicly available at Supplementary Materials.
Evaluation and modeling of the fatigue damage behavior of polymer composites at reversed cyclic loading
Creators: name: Koch, Igor
name: Just, Gordon
name: Brod, Martin
name: Chen, Jiuheng
name: Doblies, Audrius
name: Dean, Aamir
name: Gude, Maik
name: Rolfes, Raimund
name: Hopmann, Christian
name: Fiedler, Bodo
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Block-loading
subject: Fatigue
subject: FRP
subject: Load reversal
subject: Modeling
subject: Residual stresses
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Understanding the composite damage formation process and its impact on mechanical properties is a key step towards further improvement of material and higher use. For its accelerated application, furthermore, practice-related modeling strategies are to be established. In this collaborative study, the damage behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced composites under cyclic loading with load reversals is analyzed experimentally and numerically. The differences of crack density evolution during constant amplitude and tension-compression block-loading is characterized with the help of fatigue tests on cross-ply laminates. For clarifying the evolving stress-strain behavior of the matrix during static and fatigue long-term loading, creep, and fatigue experiments with subsequent fracture tests on neat resin samples are applied. The local stress redistribution in the composite material is later evaluated numerically using composite representative volume element (RVE) and matrix models under consideration of viscoelasticity. The experimental and numerical work reveals the strong influence of residual stresses and the range of cyclic tension stresses to the damage behavior. On the microscopic level, stress redistribution dependent on the mean stress takes place and a tendency of the matrix towards embrittlement was found. Therefore, it is mandatory to consider stress amplitude and means stress as inseparable load characteristic for fatigue assessment, which additionally is influenced by production-related and time-dependent residual stresses. The phenomenological findings are incorporated to a numerical simulation framework on the layer level to provide an improved engineering tool for designing composite structures. © 2019 by the authors.
Current Status and Future Potential of Nuclide Discoveries
Creators: name: Thoennessen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Presently about 3000 different nuclei are known with about another 3000-4000 predicted to exist. A review of the discovery of the nuclei, the present status and the possibilities for future discoveries are presented.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Rep. Prog. Phys. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at doi:10.1088/0034-4885/76/5/056301
Influence of reversed fatigue loading on damage evolution of cross-ply carbon fibre composites
Creators: name: Just, Gordon
name: Koch, Ilja
name: Brod, Martin
name: Jansen, Eelco
name: Gude, Maik
name: Rolfes, Raimund
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: CFRP
subject: Composite
subject: Crack growth
subject: Delamination
subject: Failure
subject: Fatigue
subject: Fracture
subject: Load reversal
subject: Microcracking
subject: Residual stresses
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Microcrack formation and delamination growth are the main damage mechanisms in the fatigue of composites. They lead to significant stiffness loss, introduce stress concentrations and can be the origin of subsequent damage events like buckling or fibre breakage, especially in case of shear and compression stresses during load reversal. Fatigue experiments of carbon fibre reinforced laminates were conducted at several stress ratios and analysed in terms of crack and delamination growth. These investigations were accompanied by microscopic imaging, digital image correlation and finite element modelling to take into account the effects of residual stresses and crack closure. It was found that residual stresses significantly change the local stress ratio in off-axis layers and lead to residual crack opening of inter fibre cracks. These cracks remain open and close under high compression loadings only. Furthermore, crack formation under pulsating compression loading turned out to be driven by residual stresses leading to perpendicular cracks as observed under pure tension loading. The experimental findings further confirm the severe detrimental effect of tension-compression loading on crack formation and delamination growth compared to pulsating tension-tension or compression-compression loads.
Pulsed Electron Holography
Creators: name: Germann, Matthias
name: Latychevskaia, Tatiana
name: Escher, Conrad
name: Fink, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A technique of pulsed low-energy electron holography is introduced that allows for recording highly resolved holograms within reduced exposure times. Therefore, stacks of holograms are accumulated in a pulsed mode with individual acquisition times as short as 50 μs. Subsequently, these holograms are aligned and finally superimposed. The resulting holographic record reveals previously latent high-order interference fringes and thereby pushing interference resolution into the sub-nanometer regime. In view of the non-damaging character of low-energy electrons, the method is of particular interest for structural analysis of fragile biomolecules.
description: 13 pages, 5 figurs