cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Different Approaches for Formation Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Robots regarding Object Transport
Creators: name: Recker, Tobias
name: Heinrich, Malte
name: Raatz, Annika
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Formation control
subject: Nonholonomic mobile robots
subject: Object transport
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: Controlling the formation of several mobile robots allows for the connection of these robots to a large virtual unit. This enables a group of mobile robots to carry out tasks that a single robot could not perform. For this purpose, the use of nonholonomic mobile robots is especially useful, as they often have a higher payload and are suitable for a wider range of terrains. However, most research in the area of formation control is focused on holonomic robots, since their superior mobility allows for better control and allows for the research on more sophisticated control techniques. The remaining articles explicitly dealing with nonholonomic robots often do cover common controllers, but do not include realistic simulations or comparison of different controls on the same trajectory. Therefore, in this paper, we present a comparative analysis of two frequently used control approaches. We compare the behavior of a l-?-controller and a Cartesian reference-based controller with different types of reference value generation and pose determination. The evaluation of all resulting control schemes is based on the task of collaborative object transport. To do so, we selected performance criteria geared towards applicability in real processes. In addition, we used an error model, which takes into account the noise and accuracy of all sensors (IMU and encoder) as well as the drift in odometry caused by the slip of the robot's wheels. The comparison includes a series of simulations using two trajectories with a changing number of robots and different formation geometries. In the simulations we got slightly better results for the Cartesian control law.
Electronic structures, charge transfer and charge orders in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
Creators: name: Zhang, Yang
name: Liu, Tongtong
name: Fu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Moire superlattices of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayers have been shown to host correlated electronic states, which arises from the interplay of emergent moire potential and long-range Coulomb interactions. Here we theoretically investigate structural relaxation and single-particle electronic properties in moire superlattices of transition metal dichalcogenide homobilayer and study the ground state charge orders in the effective honeycomb lattice of MX and XM region. From the large-scale density functional theory calculation and continuum model with layer degrees of freedom, we find that the out of plane gating field creates a tunable charge transfer gap and introduces a mass term in the Dirac spectrum. At the flat band limit, we observe a series of charge-ordered insulating states at various filling n = 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1 with Monte Carlo simulations, and predict that gating field induces a phase transition between different electron crystals at fixed filling n = 1/2, 2/3. Our work demonstrates that transition metal dichalcogenide homobilayer provides a powerful platform for the investigation of tunable charge transfer insulator and charge orders.
description: Add discussion on electronically driven ferroelectricity
Residential green space and air pollution are associated with brain activation in a social-stress paradigm
Creators: name: Dimitrov-Discher, Annika
name: Wenzel, Julia
name: Kabisch, Nadja
name: Hemmerling, Jan
name: Bunz, Maxie
name: Schöndorf, Jonas
name: Walter, Henrik
name: Veer, Ilya M.
name: Adli, Mazda
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Air Pollutants
subject: Air Pollution
subject: Brain
subject: Environmental Exposure
subject: Humans
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: We examined the influence of three major environmental variables at the place of residence as potential moderating variables for neurofunctional activation during a social-stress paradigm. Data from functional magnetic resonance imaging of 42 male participants were linked to publicly accessible governmental databases providing information on amount of green space, air pollution, and noise pollution. We hypothesized that stress-related brain activation in regions important for emotion regulation were associated positively with green space and associated negatively with air pollution and noise pollution. A higher percentage of green space was associated with stronger parietal and insular activation during stress compared with that in the control condition. More air pollution was associated with weaker activation in the same (but also extended) brain regions. These findings may serve as an important reference for future studies in the emerging field of “neuro-urbanism” and emphasize the importance of environmental factors in urban planning.
Solitons in finite droplets of noncommutative Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory
Creators: name: Alexanian, G.
name: Paranjape, M. B.
name: Prémont-Schwarz, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find soliton solutions of the noncommutative Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory confined to a finite quantum Hall droplet. The solitons are exactly as hypothesized in \cite{Manu}. We also find new variations on these solitons. We compute their flux and their energies. The model we consider is directly related to the model proposed by Polychronakos\cite{Poly} and studied by Hellerman and Van Raamsdonk\cite{HvR} where it was shown that it is equivalent to the quantum Hall effect.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, minor corrections, version accepted for publication, this time really!
Universalization, Particularization, and Discrimination. European Perspectives on a Cultural History of 19th century International Law
Creators: name: Vec, Miloš
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2012

description: International law claims to be the most universal field of law: one law for all sovereign nations of the world. This article is discussing some issues of this process of universalization of international law in the 19th century: Which were the achievements of ›one law for all‹ in international law, with which methodological premises did it go along and what were its alternatives? Which excluding aspects did international law bear at that time? Which particularizations and discriminations did the doctrine incorporate and to what extent can a cultural history of law contribute to its analysis? And finally: Why shall we go beyond legal pluralism? Obviously there is a historiographical challenge and I would like to plea for a wider scope of normativity when analyzing the multiple entangled ways of pre-modern normative orders addressing the interstate relations (Ius Gentium, natural law, moral philosophy) to modern global legal regimes (international law). With the idea of “multinormativity” one could analyze the interweavement, transfer and hybridization of norms from different spheres. The international law doctrine of the 19th century represented in this perspective a distinct social order with many ambivalences. It was never a pure “positivist” legal regime. The social, philosophical and political contexts of legal thinking and legal practice were directly affecting the entangled problems of universalization, equality and structural discrimination in 19th century international legal doctrine.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Law and Historiography: Contributions to a New Cultural History of Law
Maternal postpartum depressive symptoms partially mediate the association between preterm birth and mental and behavioral disorders in children
Creators: name: Girchenko, Polina
name: Robinson, Rachel
name: Rantalainen, Ville Juhani
name: Lahti-Pulkkinen, Marius
name: Heinonen-Tuomaala, Kati
name: Lemola, Sakari
name: Wolke, Dieter
name: Schnitzlein, Daniel
name: Hämäläinen, Esa
name: Laivuori, Hannele
name: Villa, Pia M.
name: Kajantie, Eero
name: Räikkönen, Katri
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adult
subject: Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
subject: Child
subject: Child, Preschool
subject: Delivery, Obstetric
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Preterm birth has been linked with postpartum depressive (PPD) disorders and high symptom levels, but evidence remains conflicting and limited in quality. It remains unclear whether PPD symptoms of mothers with preterm babies were already elevated before childbirth, and whether PPD symptoms mediate/aggravate the effect of preterm birth on child mental disorders. We examined whether preterm birth associated with maternal PPD symptoms, depressive symptoms trajectories from antenatal to postpartum stage, and whether PPD symptoms mediated/aggravated associations between preterm birth and child mental disorders. Mothers of preterm (n = 125) and term-born (n = 3033) children of the Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction study reported depressive symptoms four times within 8 weeks before and twice within 12 months after childbirth. Child mental and behavioral disorder diagnoses until age 8.4–12.8 years came from medical register. Preterm birth associated with higher PPD symptoms (mean difference = 0.19 SD, 95% CI 0.01, 0.37, p = 0.04), and higher odds (odds ratio = 2.23, 95% CI 1.22, 4.09, p = 0.009) of the mother to belong to a group that had consistently high depressive symptoms levels trajectory from antenatal to postpartum stage. PPD symptoms partially mediated and aggravated the association between preterm birth and child mental disorders. Preterm birth, maternal PPD symptoms and child mental disorders are associated, calling for timely prevention interventions.
Comment on "Quantum Monte Carlo scheme for frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets"
Creators: name: Beach, K. S. D.
name: Mambrini, Matthieu
name: Alet, Fabien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Monte Carlo methods are sophisticated numerical techniques for simulating interacting quantum systems. In some cases, however, they suffer from the notorious "sign problem" and become too inefficient to be useful. A recent publication [J. Wojtkiewicz, Phys. Rev. B 75, 174421 (2007)] claims to have solved the sign problem for a certain class of frustrated quantum spin systems through the use of a bipartite valence bond basis. We show in this Comment that the apparent positivity of the path integral is due to a misconception about the resolution of the identity operator in this basis, and that consequently the sign problem remains a severe obstacle for the simulation of frustrated quantum magnets.
description: 2 pages
Luminosity distance for Born-Infeld electromagnetic waves propagating in a cosmological magnetic background
Creators: name: Aiello, Matias
name: Bengochea, Gabriel
name: Ferraro, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Born-Infeld electromagnetic waves interacting with a static magnetic background are studied in an expanding universe. The non-linear character of Born-Infeld electrodynamics modifies the relation between the energy flux and the distance to the source, which gains a new dependence on the redshift that is governed by the background field. We compute the luminosity distance as a function of the redshift and compare with Maxwellian curves for supernovae type Ia.
description: 7 Pages, 4 figures. Extended introduction and some clarifications in sections 2 and 3. Version to be published in JCAP
Ansprenger, Franz: Die Befreiungspolitik der Organisation für Afrikanische Einheit (OAU) 1963-1975
Creators: name: Schlimm, Henning
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 25 Nr. 4 (1976): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 25, Heft 4
Hydromechanical behaviour of a surge-type glacier : Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada
Creators: name: Kavanaugh, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Subglacial hydrological and mechanical processes play a critical role in determining the flow characteristics and stability of glaciers and ice sheets, but our understanding of these processes remains incomplete. Instrument and modelling studies of conditions beneath Trapridge Glacier, a small surge-type glacier in the St. Elias mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada, yield additional insight into subglacial hydromechanical behaviour. High-pressure pulses in the subglacial drainage system are indicated by sudden offsets in measured pressure and result from damage to the pressure sensor measurement diaphragm. Laboratory and modelling studies confirm that pressures significantly above the transducer rating produce offsets comparable to those observed in field records. Instrument records suggest that high-pressure pulses are generated by abrupt glacier motion that compresses or dilates the subglacial hydraulic system. Analysis of instrument records taken during summer 1995 reveals that a series of hydromechanical events occurred following the establishment of a subglacial drainage system. Pressure fluctuations in this drainage system weakened a basal region that was acting as a pinning point, resulting in three episodes of strong basal motion. I develop a simple hydromechanical model of basal processes acting beneath a softbedded alpine glacier. In this model, I classify the glacier bed into three regions: softbedded and hydraulically-connected to the subglacial drainage system, soft-bedded and unconnected and hard-bedded. Each basal region is modelled as a one-dimensional column. The time evolution of pore-water pressure, till dilatancy, sediment deformation and glacier sliding is calculated in soft-bedded regions; hard-bedded regions are considered rigid and impermeable. The regions are coupled by a simple ice-dynamics model. Sediment deformation is calculated for four till flow laws: linear-viscous, nonlinear-viscous, nonlinear- Bingham and Coulomb-plastic. I develop relations describing instrument responses to modelled subglacial basal conditions. I apply the hydromechanical model to simulate typical summer conditions beneath Trapridge Glacier. Modelled pore-water pressure profiles, deformation profiles, basal shear stress and instrument responses are presented for the four flow laws. Comparison of synthetic and field instrument responses suggests that till behaviour is best represented as Coulomb-plastic.
ON THE EXISTENCE OF STABLE EQUILIBRIA IN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Goetz, Stephan J.
name: Goetz, Stephan J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Instability
subject: Disequilibrium
subject: Offer curves
subject: U.S. agriculture
subject: Policy

description: Problems of instability and disequilibrium in U.S. agriculture are synthesized within a single conceptual framework. Agricultural and non-agricultural sector offer curves are used to illustrate why it may not be feasible to achieve and maintain equilibrium and price stability in U.S. agriculture. Empirical evidence on resource disequilibrium and instability in the ratio of prices paid and received by farmers is presented.
Support Recovery for Sparse Multidimensional Phase Retrieval
Creators: name: Novikov, Alexei
name: White, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the \textit{phase retrieval} problem of recovering a sparse signal $\mathbf{x}$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ from intensity-only measurements in dimension $d \geq 2$. Phase retrieval can be equivalently formulated as the problem of recovering a signal from its autocorrelation, which is in turn directly related to the combinatorial problem of recovering a set from its pairwise differences. In one spatial dimension, this problem is well studied and known as the \textit{turnpike problem}. In this work, we present MISTR (Multidimensional Intersection Sparse supporT Recovery), an algorithm which exploits this formulation to recover the support of a multidimensional signal from magnitude-only measurements. MISTR takes advantage of the structure of multiple dimensions to provably achieve the same accuracy as the best one-dimensional algorithms in dramatically less time. We prove theoretically that MISTR correctly recovers the support of signals distributed as a Gaussian point process with high probability as long as sparsity is at most $\mathcal{O}\left(n^{dθ}\right)$ for any $θ< 1/2$, where $n^d$ represents pixel size in a fixed image window. In the case that magnitude measurements are corrupted by noise, we provide a thresholding scheme with theoretical guarantees for sparsity at most $\mathcal{O}\left(n^{dθ}\right)$ for $θ< 1/4$ that obviates the need for MISTR to explicitly handle noisy autocorrelation data. Detailed and reproducible numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, showing that in practice MISTR enjoys time complexity which is nearly linear in the size of the input.
Characterization of (semi-)Eberlein compacta using retractional skeletons
Creators: name: Correa, Claudia
name: Cúth, Marek
name: Somaglia, Jacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54C15, 46B50 (primary), 54D30, 46B26, 03C30 (secondary)

description: We deeply study retractions associated to suitable models in compact spaces admitting a retractional skeleton and find several interesting consequences. Most importantly, we provide a new characterization of Valdivia compacta using the notion of retractional skeletons, which seems to be helpful when characterizing its subclasses. Further, we characterize Eberlein and semi-Eberlein compacta in terms of retractional skeletons and show that our new characterizations give an alternative proof of the fact that continuous image of an Eberlein compact is Eberlein as well as new stability results for the class of semi-Eberlein compacta, solving in particular an open problem posed by Kubis and Leiderman.
description: changes from v1: one more equivalent condition added resulting in applications; namely, we obtained new stability results concerning the class of semi-Eberlein comapacta; using this new equivalent condition we also solved a large part of Question 46 from v1 so we removed it from v2; we removed from v2 results from v1 related to the special case of spaces having weight omega_1
MACROECONOMIC FACTORS AND THE THOROUGHBRED INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Karungu, Peter
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Tvedt, Douglas D.
name: Karungu, Peter
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Tvedt, Douglas D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Exchange rate
subject: Macroeconomics
subject: Tax laws
subject: Purse rates
subject: Thoroughbreds

description: A capitalization approach is used to estimate econometrically the effects of exchange rate, interest rate and tax law changes on thoroughbred yearling prices. The analysis found that exchange rate and tax law changes have significantly influenced yearling prices since the early 1980s. Another serious price-reducing event was the 1986 tax law change. Both of these factors have counteracted the positive impact of increased purse rates on yearling prices.
STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS EXTENSION; OR DOES DIFFEDENCE, DECADENCE AND DISSONANCE MAKE A DIFFERENCE?
Creators: name: McDowell, George R.
name: McDowell, George R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Contemporary agriculture
subject: Dissonance
subject: Extension
subject: Institution maintenance
subject: Market failure

description: Discussion of changes taking place in American agriculture followed by a review of the traditional model of extension suggests there is dissonance between what is needed to inform contemporary agriculture and what extension actually does. The paper further suggests that difficulty in packaging the newly needed information in ways that achieve the institutional maintenance objectives of extension explain a part of the system's decadence and reluctance to charge. Since the intellectual problems of market failure, even political market failure, are within the domain of economists, diffidence by agricultural economists to those issues within the Land-Grant system can make a difference.
The Investigation of Stationary Points In Central Configuration Dynamics
Creators: name: Rosaev, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70F16

description: A system of N points, each having mass m, and a central mass M forming a planar central configuration, is considered. The equations of motion of a test particle are given and compared using different coordinates. For large values of N, even or odd, the equations are given too. The method used for the computation of some relevant sums can be important for practical applications. It is shown that the stationary solutions (libration points) can be determined from an algebraic equation of 5-th degree. If the mass of the particles is large, the outer libration points disappear. For the inner libration points the limit minimal distance has been detected. If m=M is small the solution obtained for the libration has as limit a solution similar to the for 3-body collinear points. We have also constructed a central configuration with 2N + 1 bodies, in which N new particles, each of mass m1= m, are placed at the libration points of our first system.
description: 14 pages with 3 figures, preprint version
FACTORS INFLUENCING SOUTHERN DAIRY FARMERS' CHOICE OF MILK HANDLERS
Creators: name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Carley, Dale H.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Carley, Dale H.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Agribusiness
subject: Dairy farmers
subject: Milk handlers
subject: Market channels
subject: Qualitative response

description: Survey data of 2,538 dairy farmers located in 12 southern states were used to analyze the factors influencing farmers' choice of milk handlers. Results from a qualitative response model indicate that a combination of price and non-price factors contribute to dairy farmers' attitudes toward their milk handlers. Specifically, the decision to change milk handlers was significantly influenced by prices paid and deductions charged. However, non-price factors including field services, friendly personnel, and loyalty to a handler contributed to the longer term affiliation of dairy farmers with their milk handlers.
Digital Twin for HIV-Gag VLP Production in HEK293 Cells
Creators: name: Hengelbrock, Alina
name: Helgers, Heribert
name: Schmidt, Axel
name: Vetter, Florian Lukas
name: Juckers, Alex
name: Rosengarten, Jamila Franca
name: Stitz, Jörn
name: Strube, Jochen
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: advanced process control (APC)
subject: digital twin (DT)
subject: human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293)
subject: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
subject: process analytical technology (PAT)
subject: quality-by-design (QbD)
subject: real-time-release testing (RTRT)
subject: virus-like particles (VLPs)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The development and adoption of digital twins (DT) for Quality-by-Design (QbD)-based processes with flexible operating points within a proven acceptable range (PAR) and automation through Advanced Process Control (APC) with Process Analytical Technology (PAT) instead of conventional process execution based on offline analytics and inflexible process set points is one of the great challenges in modern biotechnology. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are part of a line of innovative drug substances (DS). VLPs, especially those based on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV-1 Gag VLPs, have very high potential as a versatile vaccination platform, allowing for pseudotyping with heterologous envelope proteins, e.g., the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As enveloped VLPs, optimal process control with minimal hold times is essential. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the use of a digital twin for the overall production process of HIV-1 Gag VLPs from cultivation, clarification, and purification to lyophilization. The accuracy of the digital twins is in the range of 0.8 to 1.4% in depth filtration (DF) and 4.6 to 5.2% in ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UFDF). The uncertainty due to variability in the model parameter determination is less than 4.5% (DF) and less than 3.8% (UFDF). In the DF, a prediction of the final filter capacity was demonstrated from as low as 5.8% (9mbar) of the final transmembrane pressure (TMP). The scale-up based on DT in chromatography shows optimization potential in productivity up to a factor of 2. The schedule based on DT and PAT for APC has been compared to conventional process control, and hold-time and process duration reductions by a factor of 2 have been achieved. This work lays the foundation for the short-term validation of the DT and PAT for APC in an automated S7 process environment and the conversion from batch to continuous production.
STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ACADEMIC PROGRAMS
Creators: name: Connor, Larry J.
name: Connor, Larry J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Agribusiness
subject: Accountability
subject: Funding
subject: Environmental
subject: Undergraduate
subject: Graduate
subject: Multidisciplinary
subject: Portfolio

description: Major changes affecting Agricultural Economics include: level and sources of funding, increased accountability, a renewed emphasis on teaching, increasing university and college linkages, an evolving student base, and the continuing adoption of educational technology. Major implications include: broader faculty teaching involvement, agribusiness program development, expanding multidisciplinary majors, Ph.D program modifications for teacher preparation, expanding professional M.S. degrees, graduate program size and specialization reductions, alternative financing of graduate education, and faculty training in teaching methods. Teaching represents a major growth opportunity for Agricultural Economics, but it remains to be seen whether the discipline takes advantage of this opportunity.
CONSUMER'S SPECIE KNOWLEDGE AND THE VALUES OF NATURAL CHRISTMAS TREE CHARACTERISTICS
Creators: name: Davis, George C.
name: Davis, George C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Christmas trees
subject: Hedonic
subject: Sample separation

description: Consumers' willingness to pay for natural Christmas tree characteristics are estimated. Differences in willingness to pay for characteristics by specie knowledge and lack of specie knowledge are tested. Differences in willingness to pay for characteristics by specie are also tested. The results suggests that willingness to pay measures differ by these separations of the sample and, ceteris paribus, sellers of natural Christmas trees could benefit by altering characteristics in accordance with the results of these sample separation tests.
Phase Stability and Raman/IR Signatures of Ni-Doped MoS$_2$ from Density-Functional Theory Studies
Creators: name: Guerrero, Enrique
name: Karkee, Rijan
name: Strubbe, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ni-doped MoS$_2$ is a layered material with useful tribological, optoelectronic, and catalytic properties. Experiment and theory on doped MoS$_2$ has focused mostly on monolayers or finite particles: theoretical studies of bulk Ni-doped MoS$_2$ are lacking and the mechanisms by which Ni alters bulk properties are largely unsettled. We use density functional theory calculations to determine the structure, mechanical properties, electronic properties, and formation energies of bulk Ni-doped 2H-MoS$_2$ as a function of doping concentration. We find four meta-stable structures: Mo or S substitution, and tetrahedral (t-) or octahedral (o-) intercalation. We compute phase diagrams as a function of chemical potential to guide experimental synthesis. A convex hull analysis shows that t-intercalation (favored over o-intercalation) is quite stable against phase segregation and in comparison with other compounds containing Ni, Mo, and S; the doping formation energy is around 0.1 meV/atom. Intercalation forms strong interlayer covalent bonds and does not increase the $c$-parameter. Ni-doping creates new states in the electronic density of states in MoS$_2$ and shifts the Fermi level, which are of interest for tuning the electronic and optical properties. We calculate the infrared and Raman spectra and find new peaks and shifts in existing peaks that are unique to each dopant site, and therefore may be used to identify the site experimentally, which has been a challenge to do conclusively.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures
Mean-Field Effects on Collective Flows in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions at 2-158A GeV energies
Creators: name: Isse, M.
name: Ohnishi, A.
name: Otuka, N.
name: Sahu, P. K.
name: Nara, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective flows in heavy-ion collisions from AGS ($(2-11)A$ GeV) to SPS ($(40,158)A$ GeV) energies are investigated in a nonequilibrium transport model with nuclear mean-field (MF). Sideward $$, directed $v_1$, and elliptic flows $v_2$ are systematically studied with different assumptions on the nuclear equation of state (EOS). We find that momentum dependence in the nuclear MF is important for the understanding of the proton collective flows at AGS and SPS energies. Calculated results with momentum dependent MF qualitatively reproduce the experimental data of proton sideward, directed, and elliptic flows in a incident energy range of $(2-158)A$ GeV.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures. Results and discussions are corrected
Bayesian estimation of pulsar parameters from gravitational wave data
Creators: name: Dupuis, Réjean J.
name: Woan, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method of searching for, and parameterizing, signals from known radio pulsars in data from interferometric gravitational wave detectors. This method has been applied to data from the LIGO and GEO 600 detectors to set upper limits on the gravitational wave emission from several radio pulsars. Here we discuss the nature of the signal and the performance of the technique on simulated data. We show how to perform a coherent multiple detector analysis and give some insight in the covariance between the signal parameters.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted to Phys. Rev. D. A few small changes from previous version
THE EFFECTS OF SECTORAL AND ECONOMY-WIDE POLICIES ON TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Creators: name: Pena, Pedro Pablo
name: Norton, George W.
name: Pena, Pedro Pablo
name: Norton, George W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Dominican Republic
subject: Nominal rate of protection
subject: Tobacco policies

description: This study analyses the effects of specific agricultural and exchange rate policies on tobacco production in the Dominican Republic. Direct protection resulting from output and input subsidies and taxes was positive on average from 1966 to 1988, but total protection was negative when exchange rate policies are considered. Tobacco policies were quite volatile and resulted in increasing production in the 1970s but decreasing production in the 1980s. Overall, tobacco production was 4.8 percent less than it would have been had there been no policy interventions. Several reasons are provided for the policies.
Radial Distribution of Planets. Predictions based on the Core Accretion Gas Capture Planet formation Model
Creators: name: Kornet, Kacper
name: Wolf, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the problem of the distribution of both masses and orbital radii of planets resulting from the gas-accretion, gas-capture model. First we followed the evolution of gas and solids from the moment where all solids are in the form of small grains to the stage when most of them are in the form of planetesimals for a set of different initial masses and sizes of protoplanetary disks. Based on that we performed Monte Carlo calculations describing the formation of giant places at different locations. We included the effects of type II migration and growth of the mass of the planet after the gap opened. We discuss how these effects influence the final distribution of giant planets. We show that when the giant planets are not able to migrate or grow in mass after the gap opens, their distribution is mainly determined by the properties of the gaseous disk. However, with those two effects included, reproducing the parameters of the gaseous disks from the distribution of planets becomes difficult. We also checked the roles of both the material of which the solids consist and the mass of the central star. The main result is that, in disks around less massive stars, giant planets at the given location tend to be less massive. At the same time, the giant planets with the given mass tend to form closer to the less massive stars.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 8 pages, 5 figures. Corrected typos
»Law and Society« in imperial Russia
Creators: name: Kirmse, Stefan B.
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2012

description: At first sight, combining the study of imperial Russia and the interdisciplinary field of "law and society" research may seem unusual. New critical scholarship, however, has helped to narrow the gap between the two fields. Discussing the entangled historiographies of law and society research and Russian imperial history from the mid-1960s to the present, the article highlights the shortcomings of previous research before showing that more recent works have begun to remedy earlier flaws. While historians of the Russian Empire have now entered the cross-cultural and multi-disciplinary field of law and society research, challenges remain. Thus the article identifies five promising areas of research for the future analysis of legal interaction in the Russian Empire. Finally, it offers a short case study to illustrate the ways in which the combination of these areas would help to improve our understanding of everyday legal experiences in imperial Russia.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Law and Historiography: Contributions to a New Cultural History of Law
Tetratic Order in the Phase Behavior of a Hard-Rectangle System
Creators: name: Donev, A.
name: Burton, J.
name: Stillinger, F. H.
name: Torquato, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous Monte Carlo investigations by Wojciechowski \emph{et al.} have found two unusual phases in two-dimensional systems of anisotropic hard particles: a tetratic phase of four-fold symmetry for hard squares [Comp. Methods in Science and Tech., 10: 235-255, 2004], and a nonperiodic degenerate solid phase for hard-disk dimers [Phys. Rev. Lett., 66: 3168-3171, 1991]. In this work, we study a system of hard rectangles of aspect ratio two, i.e., hard-square dimers (or dominos), and demonstrate that it exhibits a solid phase with both of these unusual properties. The solid shows tetratic, but not nematic, order, and it is nonperiodic having the structure of a random tiling of the square lattice with dominos. We obtain similar results with both a classical Monte Carlo method using true rectangles and a novel molecular dynamics algorithm employing rectangles with rounded corners. It is remarkable that such simple convex two-dimensional shapes can produce such rich phase behavior. Although we have not performed exact free-energy calculations, we expect that the random domino tiling is thermodynamically stabilized by its degeneracy entropy, well-known to be $1.79k_{B}$ per particle from previous studies of the dimer problem on the square lattice. Our observations are consistent with a KTHNY two-stage phase transition scenario with two continuous phase transitions, the first from isotropic to tetratic liquid, and the second from tetratic liquid to solid.
description: Submitted for publication
Globalization of legal cultures in the 19th century. Criminal trials, gender, and the public in Meiji Japan
Creators: name: Hedinger, Daniel
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2012

description: On a rainy summer night in 1887 a murder took place in one of Tokyo’s entertainment districts. A geisha known as Hanai Oume stabbed her lover to death. Oume’s open trial—shortly before the courts were opened to the general public for the first time—attracted widespread interest and caused a sensation. This article focuses on the courtroom as a place of encounter between the law and the public. The public trials of the Meiji period are a good starting-point for describing the implementation of Western law in Japan. It thereby addresses the problem of the globalization of legal cultures in the 19th century, a topic which has been largely ignored in global history.

Moreover, a new cultural history of law that genuinely accounts for popular responses to legal reforms can give us a much more comprehensive picture of Japanese society in the mid-Meiji years. In summary, the convergence of fast-changing practices and omnipresent public interest in trials marks a short and specific moment in modern Japanese history. The open trials of the 1880s are best understood as rituals that sought to address and finally to resolve the social crises triggered by the Meiji Revolution. They were social dramas that unfolded in the new public sphere of the courtroom. This space was never under the state’s absolute control and trials were not mere engines of repression; in fact, in many ways the courtroom represented an arena in which state and society were able to negotiate with one another. Therefore, through Oume’s case we can glimpse the beginnings of the notion of public space in Meiji Japan.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Law and Historiography: Contributions to a New Cultural History of Law
Detuning effects on the mazer
Creators: name: Martin, John
name: Bastin, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A short review of the theoretical studies of the cold atom micromaser (mazer) is presented. Existing models are then improved by considering more general working conditions. Especially, the mazer physics is investigated in the situation where a detuning between the cavity mode and the atomic transition frequency is present. Interesting new effects are pointed out. Especially, it is shown that the cavity may slow down or speed up the atoms according to the sign of the detuning and that the induced emission process may be completely blocked by use of a positive detuning. The transmission probability of ultracold atoms through a micromaser is also studied and we generalize previous results established in the resonant case. In particular, it is shown that the velocity selection of cold atoms passing through the micromaser can be very easily tuned and enhanced using a nonresonant field inside the cavity. This manuscript is a summary of Martin's master thesis and articles [Phys. Rev. A 67, 053804 (2003)] and [Eur. Phys. J. D 29, 133 (2004)].
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Ground-state characterization of Nb charge-phase Josephson qubits
Creators: name: Zangerle, Hermann
name: Könemann, Jens
name: Mackrodt, Brigitte
name: Dolata, Ralf
name: Lotkhov, Sergey V.
name: Bogoslovsky, Sergey A.
name: Götz, Martin
name: Zorin, Alexander B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present investigations of Josephson charge-phase qubits inductively coupled to a radio-frequency driven tank-circuit enabling the readout of the states by measuring the Josephson inductance of the qubit. The circuits including junctions with linear dimensions of 60 nm and 80 nm are fabricated from Nb trilayer and allowing the determination of relevant sample parameters at liquid helium temperature. The observed partial suppression of the circulating supercurrent at 4.2 K is explained in the framework of a quantum statistical model. We have probed the ground-state properties of qubit structures with different ratios of the Josephson coupling to Coulomb charging energy at 20 mK, demonstrating both the magnetic control of phase and the electrostatic control of charge on the qubit island.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Conformal bridge in a cosmic string background
Creators: name: Inzunza, Luis
name: Plyushchay, Mikhail S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hidden symmetries of non-relativistic $\mathfrak{so} (2,1)\cong \mathfrak{sl}(2, {\mathbb R})$ invariant systems in a cosmic string background are studied using the conformal bridge transformation. Geometric properties of this background are analogous to those of a conical surface with a deficiency/excess angle encoded in the "geometrical parameter" $α$, determined by the linear positive/negative mass density of the string. The free particle and the harmonic oscillator on this background are shown to be related by the conformal bridge transformation. To identify the integrals of the free system, we employ a local canonical transformation that relates the model with its planar version. The conformal bridge transformation is then used to map the obtained integrals to those of the harmonic oscillator on the cone. Well-defined classical integrals in both models exist only at $α=q/k$ with $q,k=1,2,\ldots,$ which for $q>1$ are higher-order generators of finite nonlinear algebras. The systems are quantized for arbitrary values of $α$; however, the well-defined hidden symmetry operators associated with spectral degeneracies only exist when $α$ is an integer, that reveals a quantum anomaly.
description: 44 pages
Anisotropic Hubble expansion of large scale structures
Creators: name: Fliche, Henri-Hugues
name: Souriau, Jean-Marie
name: Triay, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of an homogenous distribution of galaxies moving under the cosmological expansion through Euler-Poisson equations system. The solutions are interpreted with the aim of understanding the cosmic velocity fields in the Local Super Cluster, and in particular the presence of a bulk flow. Among several solutions, we shows a planar kinematics with constant (eternal) and rotational distortion, the velocity field is not potential.
X-ray source populations in galaxies
Creators: name: Fabbiano, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Today's sensitive, high-resolution X-ray observations allow the study of populations of X-ray sources, in the luminosity range of Galactic X-ray binaries, in galaxies as distant as 20-30 Mpc. The traditional astronomical tools of photometric diagrams and luminosity functions are now applied to these populations, providing a direct probe of the evolved binary component of different stellar populations. The study of the X-ray populations of E and S0 galaxies has revamped the debate on the formation and evolution of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and on the role of globular clusters in these processes. While overall stellar mass drives the amount of X-ray binaries in old stellar populations, the amount of sources in star forming galaxies is related to the star formation rate. Short-lived, luminous, high-mass binaries (HMXBs) dominate these young populations. The most luminous sources in these systems are the debated ULXs, which have been suggested to be ~100-1000 Msol black holes, but could alternatively include a number of binaries with stellar mass black holes. Very soft sources have also been discovered in many galaxies and their nature is currently being debated. Observations of the deep X-ray sky, and comparison with deep optical surveys, are providing the first evidence of the X-ray evolution of galaxies.
description: 40 pages. This is a review submitted to Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics Comments are welcome and will be considered in a revised version