cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Basis of Thermal Reaction Norm Evolution in Lab and Natural Phage Populations
Creators: name: Izem, Rima
name: Supler, Katie L
name: Kingsolver, Joel G
name: Burch, Christina L
name: Knies, Jennifer L
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Two major goals of laboratory evolution experiments are to integrate from genotype to phenotype to fitness, and to understand the genetic basis of adaptation in natural populations. Here we demonstrate that both goals are possible by re-examining the outcome of a previous laboratory evolution experiment in which the bacteriophage G4 was adapted to high temperatures. We quantified the evolutionary changes in the thermal reaction norms—the curves that describe the effect of temperature on the growth rate of the phages—and decomposed the changes into modes of biological interest. Our analysis indicated that changes in optimal temperature accounted for almost half of the evolutionary changes in thermal reaction norm shape, and made the largest contribution toward adaptation at high temperatures. Genome sequencing allowed us to associate reaction norm shape changes with particular nucleotide mutations, and several of the identified mutations were found to be polymorphic in natural populations. Growth rate measures of natural phage that differed at a site that contributed substantially to adaptation in the lab indicated that this mutation also underlies thermal reaction norm shape variation in nature. In combination, our results suggest that laboratory evolution experiments may successfully predict the genetic bases of evolutionary responses to temperature in nature. The implications of this work for viral evolution arise from the fact that shifts in the thermal optimum are characterized by tradeoffs in performance between high and low temperatures. Optimum shifts, if characteristic of viral adaptation to novel temperatures, would ensure the success of vaccine development strategies that adapt viruses to low temperatures in an attempt to reduce virulence at higher (body) temperatures.
Johann Ambrosius Bachs letztes Eisenacher Lebensjahr
Creators: name: Kaiser, Rainer
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Beitrag widmet sich dem letzten Lebensjahr des Vaters Johann Sebastian Bachs. Er versucht, dessen Aufgaben und Umfeld in Eisenach genauer zu fassen und beschreibt Krankheit und Tod Ambrosius Bachs. Erwähnte Artikel: Fritz Rollberg: Johann Ambrosius Bach. Stadtpfeifer zu Eisenach von 1671-1695. BJ 1927, S. 133-152 Claus Oefner: Eisenach zur Zeit des jungen Bach. BJ 1985, S. 43-54
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 81 (1995)
X Chromosomes Alternate between Two States prior to Random X-Inactivation
Creators: name: Andersen, Angela A
name: Mlynarczyk-Evans, Susanna
name: Royce-Tolland, Morgan
name: Alexander, Mary Kate
name: Panning, Barbara
name: Kalantry, Sundeep
name: Gribnau, Joost
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Early in the development of female mammals, one of the two X chromosomes is silenced in half of cells and the other X chromosome is silenced in the remaining half. The basis of this apparent randomness is not understood. We show that before X-inactivation, the two X chromosomes appear to exist in distinct states that correspond to their fates as the active and inactive X chromosomes. Xist and Tsix, noncoding RNAs that control X chromosome fates upon X-inactivation, also determine the states of the X chromosomes prior to X-inactivation. In wild-type ES cells, X chromosomes switch between states; among the progeny of a single cell, a given X chromosome exhibits each state with equal frequency. We propose a model in which the concerted switching of homologous X chromosomes between mutually exclusive future active and future inactive states provides the basis for the apparently random silencing of one X chromosome in female cells.
Hydrochus directus Perkins
Creators: name: Perkins, Philip D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrochidae
Hydrochus
Hydrochus directus

description: Hydrochus directus Perkins
Fig. 2, 32
Hydrochus directus Perkins 2020a: 295.
Originally described from Guatemala. Following are new locality records for Mexico. Images of the habitus and male genitalia of the holotype, and detailed description of the male genitalia, are given in Perkins (2020a).
Material examined (3): Mexico: Cotaxtla, Cotaxtla Exp. Sta., 28.vi.1962, leg. D. H. Janzen (1 CNC); Oaxaca, Tuxtepec (31km S), Bethania, Ao. Chopan, 24.v.1981, leg. Paul J. Spangler (1 NMNH); Veracruz, 9 mi. W. Poza Rica, 27.viii.1965, leg. Paul J. Spangler (1 NMNH).
Differential diagnosis. Among Central American species, recognized by the combination of moderate size (ca. 3.00 mm), the densely punctate pronotum with the reliefs slightly less punctate than the depressions, and the male genitalia. This species has a generalized Hydrochus habitus; reliable determinations will require dissection of males. The male genitalia of H. directus is very slender, therefore superficially somewhat similar to that of H. aeruginosus n. sp.; however, details of the two distinctly differ, including shape and size of the parameres, size and shape of the basal piece, and form of the adbl. The habitus of the two species also distinctively differ.
description: Published as part of Perkins, Philip D., 2021, Taxonomy of Central American water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817 (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae), pp. 459-503 in Zootaxa 4974 (3) on page 474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4777839
Measuring space-time curvature using maximally path-entangled quantum states
Creators: name: Mieling, Thomas
name: Hilweg, Christopher
name: Walther, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments at the interface of quantum field theory and general relativity would greatly benefit theoretical research towards their unification. The gravitational aspects of quantum experiments performed so far can be explained either within Newtonian gravity or by Einstein's equivalence principle. Here, we describe a way to measure components of the Riemann curvature tensor with maximally path-entangled quantum states of light. We show that the entanglement-induced increase in sensitivity also holds for gravitationally-induced phases in Mach-Zehnder interferometers. As a result, the height difference between the two interferometer arms necessary to rule out flat space-time by measuring gravity gradients can be significantly reduced.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Autoimmune Response as a Mechanism for a Dobzhansky-Muller-Type Incompatibility Syndrome in Plants
Creators: name: Dangl, Jeffery L
name: Lanz, Christa
name: Weigel, Detlef
name: Epple, Petra
name: Warthmann, Norman
name: Bomblies, Kirsten
name: Lempe, Janne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Epistatic interactions between genes are a major factor in evolution. Hybrid necrosis is an example of a deleterious phenotype caused by epistatic interactions that is observed in many intra- and interspecific plant hybrids. A large number of hybrid necrosis cases share phenotypic similarities, suggesting a common underlying mechanism across a wide range of plant species. Here, we report that approximately 2% of intraspecific crosses in Arabidopsis thaliana yield F1 progeny that express necrosis when grown under conditions typical of their natural habitats. We show that several independent cases result from epistatic interactions that trigger autoimmune-like responses. In at least one case, an allele of an NB-LRR disease resistance gene homolog is both necessary and sufficient for the induction of hybrid necrosis, when combined with a specific allele at a second locus. The A. thaliana cases provide insights into the molecular causes of hybrid necrosis, and serve as a model for further investigation of intra- and interspecific incompatibilities caused by a simple epistatic interaction. Moreover, our finding that plant immune-system genes are involved in hybrid necrosis suggests that selective pressures related to host–pathogen conflict might cause the evolution of gene flow barriers in plants.
Flavor Symmetry Based MSSM (sMSSM): Theoretical Models and Phenomenological Analysis
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Gogoladze, Ilia
name: Raza, Shabbar
name: Shafi, Qaisar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a class of supersymmetric models in which symmetry considerations alone dictate the form of the soft SUSY breaking Lagrangian. We develop a class of minimal models, denoted as sMSSM -- for flavor symmetry-based minimal supersymmetric standard model, which respect a grand unified symmetry such as SO(10) and a non-Abelian flavor symmetry H which suppresses SUSY-induced flavor violation. Explicit examples are constructed with the flavor symmetry being gauged SU(2)_H and SO(3)_H with the three families transforming as 2 + 1 and 3 representations respectively. A simple solution is found in the case of SU(2)_H for suppressing the flavor violating D--terms based on an exchange symmetry. Explicit models based on SO(3)_H without the D--term problem are developed. In addition, models based on discrete non-Abelian flavor groups are presented which are automatically free from D--term issues. The permutation group S_3 with a 2 + 1 family assignment, as well as the tetrahedral group A_4 with a 3 assignment are studied. In all cases, a simple solution to the SUSY CP problem is found, based on spontaneous CP violation leading to a complex quark mixing matrix. We develop the phenomenology of the resulting sMSSM, which is controlled by seven soft SUSY breaking parameters for both the 2 + 1 assignment and the 3 assignment of fermion families. These models are special cases of the phenomenological MSSM (pMSSM), but with symmetry restrictions. We discuss the parameter space of sMSSM compatible with LHC searches, B physics constraints and dark matter relic abundance. Fine-tuning in these models is relatively mild, since all SUSY particles can have masses below about 3 TeV.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Zu Johann Sebastian Bachs Hallenser Probestück von 1713
Creators: name: Dürr, Alfred
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Beitrag setzt sich mit der von Friedrich Chrysander 1858 aufgebrachten Vermutung auseinander, J. S. Bach habe bei seiner Bewerbung in Halle die Kantate Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis aufgeführt. Die Entstehung und Weiterentwicklung der These wird umrissen, ehe der Autor sich zur seiner Ansicht nach entscheidenden Frage äußert, ob die „Per ogni tempo“ bezeichnete Kantate an einem 2. Adventssonntag, dem Tag der Bach'schen Probeaufführung in Halle, hätte Verwendung finden können und dürfen. Erwähnte Artikel: Martin Petzoldt: „Die kräfftige Erquickung unter der schweren Angst-Last“. Möglicherweise Neues zur Entstehung der Kantate BWV 21. BJ 1993, S. 31-46 Peter Wollny: Bachs Bewerbung um die Organistenstelle an der Marienkirche zu Halle und ihr Kontext. BJ 1994, S. 25-39
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 81 (1995)
(:unas) unassigned
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2024

description: L’elaborato propone un’analisi di doppio contesto storico di un progetto coreografico: “Duetto” di Virgilio Sieni e Alessandro Certini. Il doppio contesto storico di riferimento è quello del 1989, anno in cui il progetto originario è stato prodotto da Parco Butterfly (nome della prima compagnia fondata da Sieni), e quello del 2011, anno in cui al lavoro è stato permesso di “rivivere” grazie a RIC.CI (Re-construction Italian Contemporary Choreography), progetto ideato da Marinella Guatterini.
description: The paper proposes a double historical context analysis of a choreographic project, "Duetto" by Virgilio Sieni and Alessandro Certini. The double historical context of reference is that of 1989, the year in which the original project was produced by Parco Butterfly (the name of the first company founded by Sieni), and that of 2011, the year in which the work was allowed to "revive" thanks to RIC.CI (Re-construction Italian Contemporary Choreography), a project conceived by Marinella Guatterini.
Spectral & Timing analysis of Be/X-ray binary EXO 2030+375 during its giant 2021 outburst
Creators: name: Tamang, Ruchi
name: Ghising, Manoj
name: Tobrej, Mohammed
name: Rai, Binay
name: Paul, Bikash Chandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the X-ray spectral and timing analysis of the high mass X-ray binary EXO 2030+375 during the 2021 type II outburst. We have incorporated NuSTAR, NICER, \textit{Swift}/BAT \& \textit{Fermi}/GBM observations to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the source. Pulse profiles in different energy ranges and time intervals have been generated and analyzed. We have performed a brief comparison of the observations amidst the peak outburst condition and also during the decaying state of the outburst. Pulse profiles are found to evolve with time and energy. An iron emission line at (6-7) keV is observed in the X-ray continuum. Distinct absorption features were observed in the spectra corresponding to the peak outburst state while such features were not detected during the later decaying phase of the outburst. We have estimated the characteristic spin-up time scale to be $\backsim$ 60 years. The continuum flux of the system and the varying luminosities covering the entire outburst period have been used to interpret the characteristics of the source. We have summarized the variability of various parameters along with their underlying physical implications.
Local classification and examples of an important class of paracontact metric manifolds
Creators: name: Martín-Molina, Verónica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53C15, 53B30, Secondary 53C25, 53C50

description: We study paracontact metric $(κ,μ)$-spaces with $κ=-1$, equivalent to $h^2=0$ but not $h=0$. In particular, we will give an alternative proof of Theorem 3.2 of [11] and present examples of paracontact metric $(-1,2)$-spaces and $(-1,0)$-spaces of arbitrary dimension with tensor $h$ of every possible constant rank. We will also show explicit examples of paracontact metric $(-1, μ)$-spaces with tensor $h$ of non-constant rank, which were not known to exist until now.
description: 9 pages
Putting Beta-Diversity on the Map: Broad-Scale Congruence and Coincidence in the Extremes
Creators: name: Sechrest, Wes
name: Stuart, Simon N
name: McDonald, Robert I
name: McKnight, Meghan W
name: White, Peter S
name: Ridgely, Robert S
name: Lamoreux, John F
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Beta-diversity, the change in species composition between places, is a critical but poorly understood component of biological diversity. Patterns of beta-diversity provide information central to many ecological and evolutionary questions, as well as to conservation planning. Yet beta-diversity is rarely studied across large extents, and the degree of similarity of patterns among taxa at such scales remains untested. To our knowledge, this is the first broad-scale analysis of cross-taxon congruence in beta-diversity, and introduces a new method to map beta-diversity continuously across regions. Congruence between amphibian, bird, and mammal beta-diversity in the Western Hemisphere varies with both geographic location and spatial extent. We demonstrate that areas of high beta-diversity for the three taxa largely coincide, but areas of low beta-diversity exhibit little overlap. These findings suggest that similar processes lead to high levels of differentiation in amphibian, bird, and mammal assemblages, while the ecological and biogeographic factors influencing homogeneity in vertebrate assemblages vary. Knowledge of beta-diversity congruence can help formulate hypotheses about the mechanisms governing regional diversity patterns and should inform conservation, especially as threat from global climate change increases.
Integrated multimodal artificial intelligence framework for healthcare applications
Creators: name: Soenksen, Luis R.
name: Ma, Yu
name: Zeng, Cynthia
name: Boussioux, Leonard D. J.
name: Carballo, Kimberly Villalobos
name: Na, Liangyuan
name: Wiberg, Holly M.
name: Li, Michael L.
name: Fuentes, Ignacio
name: Bertsimas, Dimitris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems hold great promise to improve healthcare over the next decades. Specifically, AI systems leveraging multiple data sources and input modalities are poised to become a viable method to deliver more accurate results and deployable pipelines across a wide range of applications. In this work, we propose and evaluate a unified Holistic AI in Medicine (HAIM) framework to facilitate the generation and testing of AI systems that leverage multimodal inputs. Our approach uses generalizable data pre-processing and machine learning modeling stages that can be readily adapted for research and deployment in healthcare environments. We evaluate our HAIM framework by training and characterizing 14,324 independent models based on HAIM-MIMIC-MM, a multimodal clinical database (N=34,537 samples) containing 7,279 unique hospitalizations and 6,485 patients, spanning all possible input combinations of 4 data modalities (i.e., tabular, time-series, text, and images), 11 unique data sources and 12 predictive tasks. We show that this framework can consistently and robustly produce models that outperform similar single-source approaches across various healthcare demonstrations (by 6-33%), including 10 distinct chest pathology diagnoses, along with length-of-stay and 48-hour mortality predictions. We also quantify the contribution of each modality and data source using Shapley values, which demonstrates the heterogeneity in data modality importance and the necessity of multimodal inputs across different healthcare-relevant tasks. The generalizable properties and flexibility of our Holistic AI in Medicine (HAIM) framework could offer a promising pathway for future multimodal predictive systems in clinical and operational healthcare settings.
Thermal Stress and Coral Cover as Drivers of Coral Disease Outbreaks
Creators: name: Sweatman, Hugh
name: Melendy, Amy M
name: Harvell, C. Drew
name: Casey, Kenneth S
name: Page, Cathie A
name: Selig, Elizabeth R
name: Willis, Bette L
name: Bruno, John F
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Very little is known about how environmental changes such as increasing temperature affect disease dynamics in the ocean, especially at large spatial scales. We asked whether the frequency of warm temperature anomalies is positively related to the frequency of coral disease across 1,500 km of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. We used a new high-resolution satellite dataset of ocean temperature and 6 y of coral disease and coral cover data from annual surveys of 48 reefs to answer this question. We found a highly significant relationship between the frequencies of warm temperature anomalies and of white syndrome, an emergent disease, or potentially, a group of diseases, of Pacific reef-building corals. The effect of temperature was highly dependent on coral cover because white syndrome outbreaks followed warm years, but only on high (>50%) cover reefs, suggesting an important role of host density as a threshold for outbreaks. Our results indicate that the frequency of temperature anomalies, which is predicted to increase in most tropical oceans, can increase the susceptibility of corals to disease, leading to outbreaks where corals are abundant.
Beyond Competition: Incorporating Positive Interactions between Species to Predict Ecosystem Invasibility
Creators: name: Bruno, John F
name: Bulleri, Fabio
name: Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Incorporating positive species interactions into models relating native species richness to community invasibility will increase our ability to forecast, prevent, and manage future invasions.
Ein frühes Schriftzeugnis aus Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs Berliner Zeit
Creators: name: Wollny, Peter
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Beitrag bemüht sich um die Erhellung der frühen Berliner Jahre C. P. E. Bachs und stellt dazu ein Archivdokument vor. Das Gutachten einiger Berliner Hofmusiker im Zusammenhang mit der Wiederbesetzung der Organistenstelle an St. Nikolai enthält auch einen eigenständigen autografen Passus C. P. E. Bachs vom 4. Juni 1741. Erwähnter Artikel: Ulrich Leisinger, Peter Wollny: „Altes Zeug von mir“. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs kompositorisches Schaffen vor 1740. BJ 1993, S. 127-204 Vergleiche auch: Christoph Henzel: Neues zum Hofcembalisten Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. BJ 1999, S. 171-178
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 81 (1995)
Is FIDO2 Passwordless Authentication a Hype or for Real?: A Position Paper
Creators: name: Bicakci, Kemal
name: Uzunay, Yusuf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Operating system and browser support that comes with the FIDO2 standard and the biometric user verification options increasingly available on smart phones has excited everyone, especially big tech companies, about the passwordless future. Does a dream come true, are we finally totally getting rid of passwords? In this position paper, we argue that although passwordless authentication may be preferable in certain situations, it will be still not possible to eliminate passwords on the web in the foreseeable future. We defend our position with five main reasons, supported either by the results from the recent literature or by our own technical and business experience. We believe our discussion could also serve as a research agenda comprising promising future work directions on (passwordless) user authentication.
description: Published in proceedings of the 15th International Information Security and Cryptology Conference, 6 pages
Über den Endzweck der Kirchenmusik in Leipzig nach 1750
Creators: name: Schulze, Hans-Joachim
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Thomaskantor Johann Friedrich Doles legte im September 1757 in einem Brief an Gottfried Benedict Funk seine Vorstellungen von „beßter“ Kirchenmusik mit. Funk stand seinerseits mit Klopstock in Verbindung, sodass der Brief, aus dem ein umfangreicher Auszug wiedergegeben wird, auch implizit Auskunft über dessen Position zur zeitgenössischen Kirchenmusikpflege gibt. Darüber hinaus hinterfragt der Beitrag den Brief auf seine mögliche Aussagekraft zur Rezeption der Choralkantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs in den ersten Jahren nach seinem Tod an der Thomaskirche.
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 81 (1995)
High Modulation Efficiency and Large Bandwidth Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Modulator for Visible Light
Creators: name: Li, Chijun
name: Chen, Bin
name: Ruan, Ziliang
name: Chen, Pengxin
name: Chen, Kaixuan
name: Guo, Changjian
name: Liu, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate a visible light thin-film lithium niobate modulator at 532 nm. The waveguides feature a propagation loss of 2.2 dB/mm while a grating for fiber interface has a coupling loss of 5 dB. Our demonstrated modulator represents a low voltage-length product of 1.1 V*cm and a large bandwidth beyond 30 GHz.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Filament fragmentation: Density gradients suppress end dominated collapse
Creators: name: Hoemann, Elena
name: Heigl, Stefan
name: Burkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The onset of star formation is set by the collapse of filaments in the interstellar medium. From a theoretical point of view, an isolated cylindrical filament forms cores via the edge effect. Due to the self-gravity of a filament, the strong increase in acceleration at both ends leads to a pile-up of matter which collapses into cores. However, this effect is rarely observed. Most theoretical models consider a sharp density cut-off at the edge of the filament, whereas a smoother transition is more realistic and would also decrease the acceleration at the ends of the filament. We show that the edge effect can be significantly slowed down by a density gradient, although not completely avoided. However, this allows perturbations inside the filament to grow faster than the edge. We determine the critical density gradient for which the timescales are equal and find it to be of the order of several times the filament radius. Hence, the density gradient at the ends of a filament is an essential parameter for fragmentation and the low rate of observed cases of the edge effect could be naturally explained by shallow gradients.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, published in MNRAS
High-Throughput SHAPE Analysis Reveals Structures in HIV-1 Genomic RNA Strongly Conserved across Distinct Biological States
Creators: name: Weeks, Kevin M
name: Gorelick, Robert J
name: Mathews, David H
name: Wilkinson, Kevin A
name: Rein, Alan
name: Giddings, Morgan C
name: Vasa, Suzy M
name: Guex, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Replication and pathogenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is tightly linked to the structure of its RNA genome, but genome structure in infectious virions is poorly understood. We invent high-throughput SHAPE (selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension) technology, which uses many of the same tools as DNA sequencing, to quantify RNA backbone flexibility at single-nucleotide resolution and from which robust structural information can be immediately derived. We analyze the structure of HIV-1 genomic RNA in four biologically instructive states, including the authentic viral genome inside native particles. Remarkably, given the large number of plausible local structures, the first 10% of the HIV-1 genome exists in a single, predominant conformation in all four states. We also discover that noncoding regions functioning in a regulatory role have significantly lower (p-value < 0.0001) SHAPE reactivities, and hence more structure, than do viral coding regions that function as the template for protein synthesis. By directly monitoring protein binding inside virions, we identify the RNA recognition motif for the viral nucleocapsid protein. Seven structurally homologous binding sites occur in a well-defined domain in the genome, consistent with a role in directing specific packaging of genomic RNA into nascent virions. In addition, we identify two distinct motifs that are targets for the duplex destabilizing activity of this same protein. The nucleocapsid protein destabilizes local HIV-1 RNA structure in ways likely to facilitate initial movement both of the retroviral reverse transcriptase from its tRNA primer and of the ribosome in coding regions. Each of the three nucleocapsid interaction motifs falls in a specific genome domain, indicating that local protein interactions can be organized by the long-range architecture of an RNA. High-throughput SHAPE reveals a comprehensive view of HIV-1 RNA genome structure, and further application of this technology will make possible newly informative analysis of any RNA in a cellular transcriptome.
Videogiochi, storia e rapporto con il pubblico: MOD, forum, social network
Creators: name: Pizzirusso, Igor
Publisher: name: I. Pizzirusso, "Videogiochi, storia e rapporto con il pubblico: MOD, forum, social network", «Novecento.org» 2023, n. 20
Year: 2023
Subjects: Didattica ludica
Public history
Social network
Videogiochi

description: Il dossier comprende:
description: Igor Pizzirusso, Videogiocare la storia tra Public History, usi pubblici e didattica. Introduzione al dossier, doi: 10.52056/9791254695371/06 ;
description: Andres Moles e Cristiano Rossi, Le mod e il loro uso tra storia, usi pubblici e politici, trasgressione, doi: 10.52056/9791254695371/07 ;
description: Gabriele Sorrentino e Gian Luca Gonzato, Mod, historical game e Public History: il caso di The Org, forum del progetto Europa Barbarorum, doi: 10.52056/9791254695371/08 ;
description: Gian Luca Gonzato, Tra il Monte Grappa e “Avanti Savoia”: dal gioco Battlefield 1 alle reazioni nelle comunità social, doi: 10.52056/9791254695371/09
description: Attraverso tre casi studio, il dossier tratteggia alcuni possibili effetti prodotti dai videogiochi nel pubblico, attraverso i canali social, i forum in rete e le mod.
Die Musikaliensammlung des Wiener Regierungsrats Franz Joseph Reichsritter von Heß (1739-1804) und ihre Bachiana
Creators: name: Wolf, Uwe
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Beitrag stellt die Person vor und versucht, das Zustandekommen wie den weiteren Verbleib seiner umfangreichen Musikaliensammlung, speziell der Bach-Quellen, nachzuvollziehen. Angehängt ist eine Übersicht der heute in der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin verwahrten Bachiana aus der Sammlung des Reichsritters.
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 81 (1995)
Electrically tuned magnetic order and magnetoresistance in a topological insulator
Creators: name: Zhang, Zuocheng
name: Feng, Xiao
name: Guo, Minghua
name: Li, Kang
name: Zhang, Jinsong
name: Ou, Yunbo
name: Feng, Yang
name: Wang, Lili
name: Chen, Xi
name: He, Ke
name: Ma, Xucun
name: Xue, Qikun
name: Wang, Yayu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dirac-like surface states of the topological insulators (TIs) are protected by time reversal symmetry (TRS) and exhibit a host of novel properties. Introducing magnetism into TI, which breaks the TRS, is expected to create exotic topological magnetoelectric effects. A particularly intriguing phenomenon in this case is the magnetic field dependence of electrical resistance, or magnetoresistance (MR). The intricate interplay between topological protection and broken-TRS may lead to highly unconventional MR behaviour that can find unique applications in magnetic sensing and data storage. However, so far the MR of TI with spontaneously broken TRS is still poorly understood, mainly due to the lack of well-controlled experiments. In this work, we investigate the magneto transport properties of a ferromagnetic TI thin film fabricated into a field effect transistor device. We observe an unusually complex evolution of MR when the Fermi level (EF) is tuned across the Dirac point (DP) by gate voltage. In particular, MR tends to be positive when EF lies close to the DP but becomes negative at higher energies. This trend is opposite to that expected from the Berry phase picture for localization, but is intimately correlated with the gate-tuned magnetic order. We show that the underlying physics is the competition between the topology-induced weak antilocalization and magnetism-induced negative MR. The simultaneous electrical control of magnetic order and magneto transport facilitates future TI-based spintronic devices.
description: 4 figures, supplementary information included
Ro-vibrational Spectroscopy of CI Tau -- Evidence of a Multi-Component Eccentric Disk Induced by a Planet
Creators: name: Kozdon, Janus
name: Brittain, Sean
name: Fung, Jeffrey
name: Kern, Josh
name: Jensen, Stanley
name: Carr, John
name: Najita, Joan
name: Banzatti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CI Tau is currently the only T Tauri star with an inner protoplanetary disk that hosts a planet, CI Tau b, that has been detected by a radial velocity survey. This provides the unique opportunity to study disk features that were imprinted by that planet. We present multi-epoch spectroscopic data, taken with NASA IRTF in 2022, of the ${}^{12}$CO and hydrogen Pf$β$ line emissions spanning 9 consecutive nights, which is the proposed orbital period of CI Tau b. We find that the star's accretion rate varied according to that 9~d period, indicative of companion driven accretion. Analysis of the ${}^{12}$CO emission lines reveals that the disk can be described with an inner and outer component spanning orbital radii 0.05-0.13~au and 0.15-1.5~au, respectively. Both components have eccentricities of about 0.05 and arguments of periapses that are oppositely aligned. We present a proof-of-concept hydrodynamic simulation that shows a massive companion on a similarly eccentric orbit can recreate a similar disk structure. Our results allude to such a companion being located around an orbital distance of 0.14~au. However, this planet's orbital parameters may be inconsistent with those of CI Tau b whose high eccentricity is likely not compatible with the low disk eccentricities inferred by our model.
description: Accepted to AJ
The XP Stabiliser Formalism: a Generalisation of the Pauli Stabiliser Formalism with Arbitrary Phases
Creators: name: Webster, Mark A.
name: Brown, Benjamin J.
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an extension to the Pauli stabiliser formalism that includes fractional $2π/N$ rotations around the $Z$ axis for some integer $N$. The resulting generalised stabiliser formalism - denoted the XP stabiliser formalism - allows for a wider range of states and codespaces to be represented. We describe the states which arise in the formalism, and demonstrate an equivalence between XP stabiliser states and 'weighted hypergraph states' - a generalisation of both hypergraph and weighted graph states. Given an arbitrary set of XP operators, we present algorithms for determining the codespace and logical operators for an XP code. Finally, we consider whether measurements of XP operators on XP codes can be classically simulated.
description: 43 pages + 22 page appendix, 3 figures. Includes links to a Github repository for Python software implementing all algorithms discussed in the paper, as well as links to interactive Jupyter notebooks for all worked examples. v2 minor updates; v3 published version
Cross-Modality Knowledge Distillation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detection
Creators: name: Hong, Yu
name: Dai, Hang
name: Ding, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Leveraging LiDAR-based detectors or real LiDAR point data to guide monocular 3D detection has brought significant improvement, e.g., Pseudo-LiDAR methods. However, the existing methods usually apply non-end-to-end training strategies and insufficiently leverage the LiDAR information, where the rich potential of the LiDAR data has not been well exploited. In this paper, we propose the Cross-Modality Knowledge Distillation (CMKD) network for monocular 3D detection to efficiently and directly transfer the knowledge from LiDAR modality to image modality on both features and responses. Moreover, we further extend CMKD as a semi-supervised training framework by distilling knowledge from large-scale unlabeled data and significantly boost the performance. Until submission, CMKD ranks $1^{st}$ among the monocular 3D detectors with publications on both KITTI $test$ set and Waymo $val$ set with significant performance gains compared to previous state-of-the-art methods.
description: Accepted by ECCV 2022 as Oral Presentation
A reappraisal of the wrong-sign $hb\overline{b}$ coupling and the study of $h \rightarrow Z γ$
Creators: name: Fontes, Duarte
name: Romão, J. C.
name: Silva, João P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been pointed out recently that current experiments still allow for a two Higgs doublet model where the $h b \bar{b}$ coupling ($k_D m_b/v$) is negative; a sign opposite to that of the Standard Model. Due to the importance of delayed decoupling in the $h H^+ H^-$ coupling, $h \rightarrow γγ$ improved measurements will have a strong impact on this issue. For the same reason, measurements or even bounds on $h \rightarrow Z γ$ are potentially interesting. In this article, we revisit this problem, highlighting the crucial importance of $h \rightarrow VV$, which can be understood with simple arguments. We show that the impacts on $k_D<0$ models of both $h \rightarrow b \bar{b}$ and $h \rightarrow τ^+ τ^-$ are very sensitive to input values for the gluon fusion production mechanism; in contrast, $h \rightarrow γγ$ and $h \rightarrow Z γ$ are not. We also inquire if the search for $h \rightarrow Z γ$ and its interplay with $h \rightarrow γγ$ will impact the sign of the $h b \bar{b}$ coupling. Finally, we study these issues in the context of the Flipped two Higgs doublet model.
description: 13 pages, pdf figures
Exchanging Keys with Authentication and Identity Protection for Secure Voice Communication without Side-channel
Creators: name: Krasnowski, Piotr
name: Lebrun, Jerome
name: Martin, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Motivated by an increasing need for privacy-preserving voice communications, we investigate here the original idea of sending encrypted data and speech in the form of pseudo-speech signals in the audio domain. Being less constrained than military ``Crypto Phones'' and allowing genuine public evaluation, this approach is quite promising for public unsecured voice communication infrastructures, such as 3G cellular network and VoIP.A cornerstone of secure voice communications is the authenticated exchange of cryptographic keys with sole resource the voice channel, and neither Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) nor Certificate Authority (CA). In this paper, we detail our new robust double authentication mechanism based on signatures and Short Authentication Strings (SAS) ensuring strong authentication between the users while mitigating errors caused by unreliable voice channels and also identity protection against passive eavesdroppers. As symbolic model, our protocol has been formally proof-checked for security and fully validated by Tamarin Prover.
Interconvertible Lac Repressor–DNA Loops Revealed by Single-Molecule Experiments
Creators: name: Guthold, Martin
name: Gelles, Jeff
name: Wong, Oi Kwan
name: Erie, Dorothy A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: At many promoters, transcription is regulated by simultaneous binding of a protein to multiple sites on DNA, but the structures and dynamics of such transcription factor-mediated DNA loops are poorly understood. We directly examined in vitro loop formation mediated by Escherichia coli lactose repressor using single-molecule structural and kinetics methods. Small (∼150 bp) loops form quickly and stably, even with out-of-phase operator spacings. Unexpectedly, repeated spontaneous transitions between two distinct loop structures were observed in individual protein–DNA complexes. The results imply a dynamic equilibrium between a novel loop structure with the repressor in its crystallographic “V” conformation and a second structure with a more extended linear repressor conformation that substantially lessens the DNA bending strain. The ability to switch between different loop structures may help to explain how robust transcription regulation is maintained even though the mechanical work required to form a loop may change substantially with metabolic conditions.
The diagonal slice of Schottky space
Creators: name: Series, Caroline
name: Tan, Ser Peow
name: Yamashita, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30F40 (primary), 57M50 (secondary)

description: An irreducible representation of the free group on two generators X,Y into SL(2,C) is determined up to conjugation by the traces of X,Y and XY. We study the diagonal slice of representations for which X,Y and XY have equal trace. Using the three-fold symmetry and Keen-Series pleating rays we locate those groups which are free and discrete, in which case the resulting hyperbolic manifold is a genus-2 handlebody. We also compute the Bowditch set, consisting of those representations for which no primitive elements in the group generated by X,Y are parabolic or elliptic, and at most finitely many have trace with absolute value at most 2. In contrast to the quasifuchsian punctured torus groups originally studied by Bowditch, computer graphics show that this set is significantly different from the discreteness locus.
description: 44 pages, 14 figures
On the Error of Random Sampling: Uniformly Distributed Random Points on Parametric Curves
Creators: name: Chalkis, Apostolos
name: Katsamaki, Christina
name: Tonelli-Cueto, Josué
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65D18, 33F05

description: Given a parametric polynomial curve $γ:[a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n$, how can we sample a random point $\mathfrak{x}\in \mathrm{im}(γ)$ in such a way that it is distributed uniformly with respect to the arc-length? Unfortunately, we cannot sample exactly such a point-even assuming we can perform exact arithmetic operations. So we end up with the following question: how does the method we choose affect the quality of the approximate sample we obtain? In practice, there are many answers. However, in theory, there are still gaps in our understanding. In this paper, we address this question from the point of view of complexity theory, providing bounds in terms of the size of the desired error.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. 2nd version: New title, major changes
Topography of Thalamic Projections Requires Attractive and Repulsive Functions of Netrin-1 in the Ventral Telencephalon
Creators: name: Powell, Ashton W
name: Tessier-Lavigne, Marc
name: Wu, Yongqin
name: Sassa, Takayuki
name: Polleux, Franck
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Recent studies have demonstrated that the topography of thalamocortical (TC) axon projections is initiated before they reach the cortex, in the ventral telencephalon (VTel). However, at this point, the molecular mechanisms patterning the topography of TC projections in the VTel remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a long-range, high-rostral to low-caudal gradient of Netrin-1 in the VTel is required in vivo for the topographic sorting of TC axons to distinct cortical domains. We demonstrate that Netrin-1 is a chemoattractant for rostral thalamic axons but functions as a chemorepulsive cue for caudal thalamic axons. In accordance with this model, DCC is expressed in a high-rostromedial to low-caudolateral gradient in the dorsal thalamus (DTh), whereas three Unc5 receptors (Unc5A–C) show graded expression in the reverse orientation. Finally, we show that DCC is required for the attraction of rostromedial thalamic axons to the Netrin-1–rich, anterior part of the VTel, whereas DCC and Unc5A/C receptors are required for the repulsion of caudolateral TC axons from the same Netrin-1–rich region of the VTel. Our results demonstrate that a long-range gradient of Netrin-1 acts as a counteracting force from ephrin-A5 to control the topography of TC projections before they enter the cortex.
Surface Deformation During an Action Potential in Pearled Cells
Creators: name: Mussel, Matan
name: Fillafer, Christian
name: Ben-Porath, Gal
name: Schneider, Matthias F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electric pulses in biological cells (action potentials) have been reported to be accompanied by a propagating cell-surface deformation with a nano-scale amplitude. Typically, this cell surface is covered by external layers of polymer material (extracellular matrix, cell wall material etc.). It was recently demonstrated in excitable plant cells (Chara Braunii) that the rigid external layer (cell wall) hinders the underlying deformation. When the cell membrane was separated from the cell wall by osmosis, a mechanical deformation, in the micrometer range, was observed upon excitation of the cell. The underlying mechanism of this mechanical pulse has up to date remained elusive. Herein we report that Chara cells can undergo a pearling instability, and when the pearled fragments were excited even larger and more regular cell shape changes were observed (about 10 to 100 um in amplitude). These transient cellular deformations were captured by a curvature model that is based on three parameters: surface tension, bending rigidity and pressure difference across the surface. In this paper these parameters are extracted by curve-fitting to the experimental cellular shapes at rest and during excitation. This is a necessary step to identify the mechanical parameters that change during an action potential.
description: 13p
Suchalla, Ernst (Hg.): Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Briefe und Dokumente. Kritische Gesamtausgabe. Göttingen 1994 (Ulrich Leisinger, Leipzig)
Creators: name: Leisinger, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 81 (1995)
Discovery of a pre-existing molecular filament associated with supernova remnant G127.1+0.5
Creators: name: Zhou, Xin
name: Yang, Ji
name: Fang, Min
name: Su, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed millimeter observations in CO lines toward the supernova remnant (SNR) G127.1+0.5. We found a molecular filament at 4--13 km s$^{-1}$ consisting of two distinct parts: a straight part coming out of the remnant region and a curved part in the remnant region. The curved part is coincides well with the bright SNR shell detected in 1420 MHz radio continuum and mid-infrared observations in the northeastern region. In addition, redshifted line wing broadening is found only in the curved part of the molecular filament, which indicates a physical interaction. These provide strong evidences, for the first time, to confirm the association between an SNR and a pre-existing long molecular filament. Multi-band observations in the northeastern remnant shell could be explained by the interaction between the remnant shock and the dense molecular filament. RADEX radiative transfer modeling of the quiet and shocked components yield physical conditions consistent with the passage of a non-dissociative J-type shock. We argue that the curved part of the filament is fully engulfed by the remnant's forward shock. A spatial correlation between aggregated young stellar objects (YSOs) and the adjacent molecular filament close to the SNR is also found, which could be related to the progenitor's activity.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, ApJ in press