cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MeDAL: Medical Abbreviation Disambiguation Dataset for Natural Language Understanding Pretraining
Creators: name: Wen, Zhi
name: Lu, Xing Han
name: Reddy, Siva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the biggest challenges that prohibit the use of many current NLP methods in clinical settings is the availability of public datasets. In this work, we present MeDAL, a large medical text dataset curated for abbreviation disambiguation, designed for natural language understanding pre-training in the medical domain. We pre-trained several models of common architectures on this dataset and empirically showed that such pre-training leads to improved performance and convergence speed when fine-tuning on downstream medical tasks.
description: EMNLP 2020 Clinical NLP
A Cometary Bow Shock and Mid-Infrared Emission Variations Revealed in Spitzer Observations of HD 34078 and IC 405
Creators: name: France, Kevin
name: McCandliss, Stephan R.
name: Lupu, Roxana E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new infrared observations of the emission/reflection nebula IC 405 obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Infrared images in the four IRAC bands (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 um) and two MIPS bands (24 and 70 um) are complemented by IRS spectroscopy (5-30 um) of two nebular filaments. The IRAC (8.0 um) and MIPS imaging shows evidence of a bow shock associated with the runaway O9.5V star, HD 34078, created by the interaction between the star and nebular material. The ratio of emission at 24 to 70 um is higher in the immediate vicinity of HD 34078 than in the outer filaments, providing evidence for elevated dust temperatures (T_d > 90 K) in the shock region. The nebular imaging reveals that the morphology is band dependent, with varying contributions from aromatic emission features, H2, and dust emission. Nebular spectroscopy is used to quantify these contributions, showing several aromatic emission bands between 6-14 um, the S(5), S(3), S(2), and S(1) pure rotational emission lines of H2, and atomic fine structure lines of Ne, S, and Ar. The low-dispersion spectra provide constraints on the ionization state of the large molecules responsible for the aromatic infrared features. H2 rotational temperatures of the two bright nebular filaments are determined from the observed line strengths. An average T(H2) ~ 400 K is inferred, with evidence for additional non-uniform excitation by UV photons in the intense radiation field of HD 34078. The photoexcitation hypothesis is supported by direct measurement of the far-UV H2 fluorescence spectrum, obtained with FUSE.
description: ApJ accepted, uses emulateapj, images compressed for astro-ph
On instantaneous control for a nonlinear parabolic boundary control problem
Creators: name: Wachsmuth, Daniel
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: optimal boundary control
subject: parabolic equation
subject: control constraints
subject: instantaneous control
subject: receding horizon

description: A method of instantaneous control type is considered for a nonlinear parabolic boundary control problem with box constraints on the control. It is shown that the method exhibits fixed points. In numerical examples, convergence towards a fixed point occurs, which is not the best possible one. Consequently, a new hybrid method is suggested, which behaves essentially better as the standard method.
Some comments on the divergence of perturbation series in Quantum Eletrodynamics
Creators: name: Azam, Mofazzal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been argued by Dyson that the perturbation series in coupling constant in QED can not be convergent. We find that similiar albeit slightly different arguments lead to the divergence of the series of $1/N_f$ expansion in QED.
description: Final Version, To appear in Modern Physics Letters A
Fully coupled electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y-ZrO 2
Creators: name: Manière, Charles
name: Zahrah, Tony
name: Olevsky, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct and hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y-ZrO 2 are comparatively studied at frequency of 2.45 GHz. Using the continuum theory of sintering, a fully coupled electromagnetic-thermalmechanical (EMTM) finite element simulation is carried out to predict powder samples deformation during their microwave processing. Direct and hybrid heating configurations are computationally tested using advanced heat transfer simulation tools including the surface to surface thermal radiation boundary conditions and a numeric proportional-integral-derivative (PID) regulation. The developed modeling framework shows a good agreement of the calculation results with the known experimental data on the microwave sintering of 3Y-ZrO 2 in terms of the densification kinetics. It is shown that the direct heating configuration renders highly hot spot effects resulting in non-homogenous densification causing processed specimen's final shape distortions. Compared to the direct heating, the hybrid heating configuration provides a reduction of the thermal inhomogeneity along with a densification homogenization. As a result of the hybrid heating, the total densification of the specimen is attained without specimen distortions. It is also shown that the reduction of the sample size has a stabilization effect on the temperature and relative density spatial distributions.
title: Density Functional Theory for Experimentalists: A Four-Lecture Primer
Creators: name: Fernandez-Alonso, F
Publisher: name: STFC
Year: 2014

description: This report provides a self-contained introduction to density functional theory in the form of four consecutive lectures, originally written for the postgraduate curriculum at University College London. With the experimentalist in mind, they are intended as a first dive into the practice and underlying conceptual framework of modern first-principles materials modelling methodologies. To this end, extensive examples and illustrations are given using the CASTEP code and the Materials Studio software package. All throughout, the emphasis is on the use of these valuable tools in the interpretation of experimental data beyond phenomenological and heuristic models.
JURASSIC PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE PIENINY AND OUTER CARPATHIAN BASINS
Creators: name: GOLONKA, JAN
name: KROBICKI, MICHAL
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2004

description: The Jurassic history of the Pieniny/Outer Carpathian basins reflects the evolution of the Circum-Tethyan area, especially its Alpine Tethys part. The Alpine Tethys that is Ligurian, Penninic Oceans and Pieniny/Magura Basin constitute the extension of the Central Atlantic system. The synrift stage lasted in the Pieniny/Magura Basin from late Early Jurassic to Tithonian (the Magura Unit constitutes the southernmost part of the Outer Flysch Carpathians). The Pieniny rift opened during Pliensbachian – Aalenian. The central Atlantic and Alpine Tethys went into a drifting stage during the Middle Jurassic. The Late Jurassic (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) history of the Pieniny/Magura Basin reflects strongest facial differentiation within sedimentary basin where mixed siliceous-carbonate sedimentation took place. Greatest deepening effect is indicated by widespread Oxfordian radiolarites, which occur in the all basinal successions, whereas the shallowest zone is completely devoid of siliceous intercalations at that time (sedimentation from Ammonitico Rosso facies up to coral reef limestone). The southern part of the North European Platform, north from the Pieniny/Magura realm, started to be rifted during Late Jurassic time and Silesian Basin in the Outer Western Carpathians and Sinaia Basin in the Eastern Carpathians, with black, mainly redeposited marls have been created. The outer sub-basins were differentiated during the latest (Hauterivian-Barremian) phase of basinal development. The connection of Silesian Basin with Sinaia and Southern Carpathian Severin areas suggests the NW-SE direction of the basinal axis while the orientation of the Pieniny Klippen Belt/Magura Basin was SW-NE so, two Outer Carpathian perpendicular directions are possible within the basins. Major reorganization happened during the Tithonian-Berriasian time. It was reflected by both paleoceanographical and paleoclimatical changes. The Neo-Cimmerian tectonic events as well as main phase of the Outer Carpathian basins opening is connected with this reorganization.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 110, No 1
SICILIAN JURASSIC PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGIC REALMS (ITALY)
Creators: name: ABATE, BENEDETTO
name: LO CICERO, GIOVANNA
name: MONTANARI, LORIS
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2004

description: Two tectono-sedimentary domains, which were deformed during the Neogene and evolved into two large structural sectors, characterize the Sicilian Jurassic: the Maghrebides and Peloritani. Africa margin sediments, passing downward to Triassic successions and perhaps originally to Paleozoic deposits, characterize the former. The latter belongs to the European "Calabrian Arc", where the Jurassic transgressively rests on a continental substrate (i.e. the crystalline Variscan basement). These domains are characterized by four sedimentary facies: shallow platform-derived limestones; condensed seamount-type red limestones; nodular limestones with ammonites; deep radiolarites and shales. These facies are illustrated in a dozen of stratigraphic logs. The drowning of most Triassic-Liassic carbonate platforms or ramps and the deepening of adjacent basins came with inferred Jurassic strike-slip tectonics, connected to the relative movement of Africa (Gondwanan part) vs Europe (Laurasian part); the same strike-slip tectonics may have caused scattered intraplate volcanic seamounts found in Maghrebides. During the Jurassic the Maghrebide realm was characterized by the interfingering of basins and carbonate platforms. During the Early and Middle Liassic, carbonate platforms and ramps were dominant. Since Toarcian either radiolarites in some basins or Ammonite-bearing calcareous muds developed with intervening basaltic flows, and were accompanied by condensed pelagic carbonates on the ensialic seamount-type highs.
The Peloritani realm displays similar characteristics, but with later transgression on the basement, several strike-slip basins and without any volcanoes.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 110, No 1
Exact solution to the random sequential dynamics of a message passing algorithm
Creators: name: Çakmak, Burak
name: Opper, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyze the random sequential dynamics of a message passing algorithm for Ising models with random interactions in the large system limit. We derive exact results for the two-time correlation functions and the speed of convergence. The {\em de Almedia-Thouless} stability criterion of the static problem is found to be necessary and sufficient for the global convergence of the random sequential dynamics.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review E Letter
Thermodynamics and Dynamics of the Two-Scale Spherically-Symmetric Jagla Model of Anomalous Liquids
Creators: name: Xu, Limei
name: Buldyrev, Sergey V.
name: Angell, C. Austen
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study a liquid model which consists of particles interacting via a spherically-symmetric two-scale Jagla ramp potential with both repulsive and attractive ramps. The Jagla potential displays anomalies similar to those found in liquid water, namely expansion upon cooling and an increase of diffusivity upon compression, as well as a liquid-liquid (LL) phase transition in the region of the phase diagram accessible to simulations. The LL coexistence line, unlike in tetrahedrally-coordinated liquids, has a positive slope, because of the Clapeyron relation, corresponding to the fact that the high density phase (HDL) is more ordered than low density phase (LDL). When we cool the system at constant pressure above the critical pressure, the hydrodynamic properties rapidly change from those of LDL-like to those of HDL-like upon crossing the Widom line. The temperature dependence of the diffusivity also changes rapidly in the vicinity of the Widom line, namely the slope of the Arrhenius plot sharply increases upon entering the HDL domain. The properties of the glass transition are different in the two phases, suggesting that the less ordered phase (LDL) is fragile, while the more ordered phase (HDL) is strong, which is consistent with the behavior of tetrahedrally-coordinated liquids such as water silica, silicon, and BeF$_2$.
description: 9 pages, 18 figures
Water dynamics at the urban soil-atmosphere interface—rainwater storage in paved surfaces and its dependence on rain event characteristics
Creators: name: Nehls, Thomas
name: Peters, Andre
name: Kraus, Fabian
name: Rim, Yong Nam
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 577 Ökologie
subject: evaporation
subject: paved soils
subject: paving material
subject: precipitation intensity
subject: surface store
subject: water storage

description: Purpose: The surface store governs the rainwater partition, e.g., water storage and evaporation on paved surfaces, especially for low-intensity and low-sum rain events, which account for the greatest part of the total rainfall in a temperate climate city like Berlin, Germany. The surface store S is a fixed value, dependent on surface relief and pore system characteristics. Contrary, in this study, the surface storage was assumed to depend also on the rain intensity, thus being variable from event to event. Materials and methods: The surface store filling dynamics for dense (DP), porous (PP), and highly infiltrative (IP) paving materials were studied in a rainfall simulator. Irrigation intensities p ranged from 0.016 to 0.1 mm min −1 which represent the 25 to 88% quantiles of the rain event distribution in Berlin, Germany (1961 to 1990). Results and discussion: Three surface stores can be separated: storage until initial runoff, S f , at maximum filling, S m , and for steady-state runoff, S eq —all of them can be regarded as effective stores depending on the aim of its use. The equilibrium store varies from 0.2 to 3 mm for DP, PP, and IP for the investigated rainfall intensities. Conclusions: For all pavers, the surface store depends on rainfall intensity, which was shown experimentally and confirmed by numerical simulation of the infiltration. We introduce a simple and robust method to describe S f , S m = f ( p ) for different pavers. Pavers can evaporate a multiple of their surface store per day, depending on the rainfall distribution, which implicates the need for high temporal resolutions in urban hydrology modeling. Pavers can evaporate a multiple of their surface store per day, depending on the rainfall distribution. That implicates the need for high temporal resolutions in urban hydrology modeling.
Dual Variable Based Fathoming in Dynamic Programs for Column Generation
Creators: name: Lübbecke, Marco E.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: dynamic programming
subject: column generation
subject: state space reduction
subject: fathoming
subject: dynamic programs

description: In this note, we aim at reducing the state space of dynamic programming algorithms used as column generators in solving the linear programming relaxation of set partitioning problems arising from practical applications. We propose a simple generic lower bounding criterion based on the respective dual optimal solution of the restricted master program.
Mixed-Symmetry Massless Fields in Minkowski space Unfolded
Creators: name: Skvortsov, E. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unfolded formulation for arbitrary massless mixed-symmetry bosonic and fermionic fields in Minkowski space is constructed. The unfolded form is proved to be uniquely determined by the requirement that all gauge symmetries are manifest. The unfolded equations have the form of a covariant constancy condition. The gauge fields and gauge parameters are differential forms with values in certain irreducible Lorentz tensors. The unfolded equations for bosons determine completely those for fermions. The proposed unfolded formulation also contains dual formulations for massless mixed-symmetry fields.
description: 59 pages; PDOF counting added; typos corrected
Flash microwave pressing of zirconia
Creators: name: Manière, Charles
name: Lee, Geuntak
name: Torresani, Elisa
name: Gerling, John F.
name: Yakovlev, Vadim V.
name: Martin, Darold
name: Olevsky, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microwave Pressing is a promising way to reduce microwave sintering temperatures and stabilize microwave powder materials processing. A multi-physics simulation was conducted of the regulated pressure-assisted microwave cavity. This simulation took into consideration resonance phenomena and the nonlinear temperature-dependent material parameters of zirconia. The intrinsic behaviors of microwave systems and zirconia make the regulation of the microwave pressing difficult. However, the same phenomena can be used to activate flash sintering. Flash microwave sintering uses high electric fields of the resonant microwave profile, the Negative Temperature Behavior (NTC) of zirconia resistivity, and the mechanical pressure applied to the powder via a die compaction configuration. The resulting flash microwave pressing still needs improvement in terms of the processed material structure homogeneity, but it has the capacity to become the fastest sintering treatment as it allows room temperature activation where the total process time only takes a few seconds. In addition, this 10-20s processing technique has shown good potential for improving the transparency of alumina pre-sintered specimens.
Re-transcription of texts told by Stella Jarnaghan
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-190919-09: Re-transcription and translation of texts told by Stella Jarnaghan to Mary Woodward in 1953, archived at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages (Woodward.002.001), Text 17, pp. 42-43.
JURASSIC SEDIMENTARY AND TECTONIC PROCESSES AT MONTAGNA GRANDE (TRAPANESE DOMAIN, WESTERN SICILY, ITALY)
Creators: name: MARTIRE, LUCA
name: PAVIA, GIULIO
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2004

description: The Rosso Ammonitico of the Montagna Grande area is very interesting because of the great diversification in facies and thickness in three very closely situated sections. The Jurassic succession in this area is that typical of the Trapanese Domain. It starts with a thick pile of platform limestones (Inici Formation: Hettangian - Sinemurian) that are overlain by typically condensed and commonly nodular pelagic limestones (Rosso Ammonitico: Middle Jurassic - lowermost Cretaceous). The good exposure of this succession in active quarries allows observation of sedimentological and palaeontological details and to improve the understanding of the Jurassic tectono-sedimentary evolution. The Rocca chi Parra quarry shows a stepped surface, with a relief of some metres, incised in the Inici Formation. It is covered by lenticular or wedge-shaped lithosomes a few metres-thick of highly condensed Rosso Ammonitico. It is interpreted as a slide scar along which a thin but extensive block of lithified platform limestones was detached and slid downslope. The Poggio Roccione quarry shows neptunian sills and collapse structures in the middle part of the Rosso Ammonitico that on the whole is thicker (about 12 m) than at Rocca chi Parra. They indicate sea-floor instability probably due to seismic shocks with brittle to plastic behaviour of sediments depending on their coherence. The Montagna Grande outcrop shows an even thicker succession which includes a wedge of cherty limestones about 10 m thick intercalated between a lower and an upper Rosso Ammonitico calcareous unit. The features described in these three sections document a highly irregular sea-floor topography which in turn was controlled by several phases of extensional tectonics during Mid and Late Jurassic pelagic sedimentation. Structurally higher sectors closer to fault scarps were affected by a very condensed sedimentation, the opening of subvertical dykes and the triggering of large slides. Structurally lower sectors allowed preservation of thicker successions that were affected by gravitationally-induced soft to hard sediment deformation when tectonics resulted in an oversteepening of the slope.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 110, No 1
Understanding how First Nation People practice and interpret spirituality when having a terminal illness
Creators: name: Mussell-Oppenheim, Joanne Lisa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This qualitative study of eight First Nation participants and five First Nation Elders is to help understand how First Nation people view spirituality and how it is practiced when one has a terminal illness. Spirituality is often so abstract and practiced in various ways that it requires clarity and understanding from the people around them. Health care professionals could improve health care by understanding some of the spiritual aspects practiced when people are within their health care system. The First Nation people's perspectives aim to banish some of the mystery or unawareness that looms around spirituality in order to improve health services. Social workers have little or no information about First Nation beliefs and practices around spirituality when they have a terminal illness. The study is to help health care professionals and people with a terminal illness understand spiritual practices through specific beliefs and examples of how spirituality is practiced.
Comparison of free zinc levels determined by fluorescent probes in THP1 cells using microplate reader and flow cytometer
Creators: name: Alker, Wiebke
name: Haase, Hajo
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: flow cytometer
subject: fluorescent probes
subject: Fluozin-3 AM
subject: free zinc
subject: microplate reader
subject: Zinpyr-1

description: Free zinc is involved in signal transduction within mammalian cells, acting as a second messenger. Gold standard for its analysis is currently the use of metal-responsive fluorescent probes. The present study elucidates the impact of instrumentation used for measuring the resulting fluorescence. The free zinc concentration of THP-1 cells loaded with the fluorescent probes Zinpyr-1 (ZP1) or Fluozin-3 AM (FZ3) was determined using a microplate reader (MPR) and a flow cytometer (FC). Depending on the instrumentation, either low nanomolar (MPR) or picomolar (FC) concentrations of free zinc were observed. The concentrations measured from identical samples by MPR were about 40 (ZP1) or 165 (FZ3) times higher compared with FC. These results demonstrate that the choice of instrumentation has a fundamental impact on the determination of intracellular free zinc concentrations by low molecular weight fluorescent probes.
Mirbach, Wolfram: Universelles Leben: Originalität und Christlichkeit einer Neureligion
Creators: name: Burkart, Rainer W.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 44 Nr. 2 (1995): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 44, Heft 2
On effective F-theory action in type IIA compactifications
Creators: name: Kriz, Igor
name: Xing, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diaconescu, Moore and Witten proved that the partition function of type IIA string theory coincides (to the extent checked) with the partition function of M-theory. One of us (Kriz) and Sati proposed in a previous paper a refinement of the IIA partition function using elliptic cohomology and conjectured that it coincides with a partition function coming from F-theory. In this paper, we define the geometric term of the F-theoretical effective action on type IIA compactifications. In the special case when the first Pontrjagin class of spacetime vanishes, we also prove a version of the Kriz-Sati conjecture by extending the arguments of Diaconescu-Moore-Witten. We also briefly discuss why even this special case contains interesting examples.
description: Some terminological clarifications, references added
PALYNOLOGY EVIDENCES OF HITHERTO UNRECOGNISED JURASSIC SEDIMENTATION IN RAJMAHAL BASIN, INDIA
Creators: name: TRIPATHI, ARCHANA
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2004

description: In Rajmahal Basin the Upper Gondwana (Mesozoic) sequences are represented by the Dubrajpur and Rajmahal Formations. Palynologically, the Dubrajpur Formation is shown to be a time transgressive unit spanning from Early Triassic to Early Cretaceous. Out of seven palynological assemblages recorded from this formation four have Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age. Arcuatipollenites tethyensis Assemblage Zone represents the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic time interval. Callialasporites turbatus Assemblage Zone registers presence of dinoflagellate taxon Phallocysta indicating Late Early to Early Middle Jurassic age. The Contignisporites cooksonii Assemblage Zone has Late Middle Jurassic age. The topmost Ruffordiaspora australiensis Assemblage Zone represents Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous age. The palynological information from Rajmahal Basin evidently reveals presence of nonmarine Jurassic sediments on Indian peninsula, on the contrary to the old assumption of their absence.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 110, No 1
AN OVERVIEW OF THE JURASSIC GASTROPODS FROM ROCCA BUSAMBRA (NORTH-WESTERN SICILY, ITALY)
Creators: name: ALESSANDRA CONTI, MARIA
name: MONARI, STEFANO
name: SZABÓ, JÀNOS
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2004

description: This paper is an overview of the gastropods from the Toarcian to Lower Kimmeridgian fissure fillings of Rocca Busambra. They are the most diverse and richest Jurassic faunas known from the pelagic sediments of the western Tethys. 224 species, 137 of them new, were recognized. The main feature of the structure of these assemblages is the high number of new taxa and the concomitant presence of an archaic stock with Triassic affinities, and a group advancing the appearance of the modern caenogastropod taxa. These features give these assemblages an important place in the reconstruction of the evolution of the whole class.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 110, No 1
Stability and convergence of the two-step BDF for the incompressible Navier-Stokes problem
Creators: name: Emmrich, Etienne
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: incompressible Navier-Stokes equation
subject: time discretisation
subject: backward differentiation formula
subject: stability
subject: convergence

description: The incompressible Navier-Stokes problem is discretised in time by means of the two-step backward differentiation formula with constant step sizes. Existence and stability of a time discrete solution is proved as well as the convergence of a piecewise polynomial prolongation towards a weak solution. The results presented cover both the two- and three-dimensional case. Furthermore, a linearisation that is based upon a modification of the convective term using a second-order extrapolation is considered.
NEW HETTANGIAN AMMONITE FAUNAS AND A TRIASSIC - JURASSIC BOUNDARY SUCCESSION, FERNIE FORMATION, WILLISTON LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Creators: name: HALL, RUSSELL
name: PITARU, SIMONA
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2004

description: A relatively new shoreline section on Peace Reach, Williston Lake, north-eastern British Columbia, provides continuous exposure through a Triassic-Jurassic boundary succession, with apparent stratigraphic continuity from the Pardonet Formation (Upper Norian) into the overlying Fernie Formation (Hettangian and younger). These rocks are part of autochthonous North America, deposited along the western margin of the Jurassic craton. The section at Black Bear Ridge consists of 22 m of flaggy-bedded, brown-weathering siltstones and several thick, resistant siltstones, and contains calcareous concretions which have yielded most of the three-dimensional ammonites. While it is clear these ammonites represent parts of the lower, middle and upper Hettangian, the sequence of faunas differs somewhat from those reported from the Queen Charlotte Islands and Nevada. This is the first record of an extensive sequence of Hettangian strata and ammonite faunas in the Fernie Formation. Lower Hettangian faunas include poorly preserved, laterally flattened Psiloceras (P. majus, P. plicatum, P. cf. rectocostatum, P. cf. planocostatum), occurring throughout the lower part of the section from 3.0 to 8.3 m. At 9.5 m Waehneroceras appears, representing the middle Hettangian, followed by Sunrisites sunrisense at 10.8 m, and the first Schlotheimia at 13.3 m. A single large specimen of Alsatites liasicus is associated with these faunas. Beds above 13.3 m yield several species of Schlotheimia (S. angulata, S. angulata densicostata, S. cf. oxygonia), Kammerkarites frigga and Laqueoceras sp., indicating the lower parts of the upper Hettangian. Uppermost Hettangian faunas occur at the top of the exposed section in beds from 21.0 to 21.7 m, and include Badouxia (B. canadensis, B. striata, B. oregonensis) and Pseudaetomoceras doetzkirchneri.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 110, No 1
Absorption mechanism of dopamine/DOPAC modified TiO 2 nanoparticles by time-dependent density functional theory calculations
Creators: name: Ronchi, Costanza
name: Soria, Federico
name: Ferraro, Lorenzo
name: Botti, Silvana
name: Di Valentin, Cristiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Donor-modified TiO 2 nanoparticles are interesting hybrid systems shifting the absorption edge of this semiconductor from the ultra-violet to the visible or infrared light spectrum, which is a benefit for several applications ranging from photochemistry, photocatalysis, photovoltaics, or photodynamic therapy. Here, we investigate the absorption properties of two catechol-like molecules, i.e. dopamine and DOPAC ligands, when anchored to a spherical anatase TiO 2 nanoparticle of realistic size (2.2 nm), by means of time-dependent density functional theory calculations. By the differential absorbance spectra with the bare nanoparticle, we show how it is possible to determine the injection mechanism. Since new low-energy absorption peaks are observed, we infer a direct charge transfer injection, which, unexpectedly, does not involve the lowest energy conduction band states. We also find that the more perpendicular the molecular benzene ring is to the surface, the more intense is the absorption, which suggests aiming at high molecular packing in the synthesis. Through a comparative investigation with a flat TiO 2 surface model, we unravel both the curvature and coverage effects.
INTEGRATED STRATIGRAPHY OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE FERNIE FORMATION IN ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA, WESTERN CANADA
Creators: name: HALL, RUSSELL
name: MCNICOLL, VICKI
name: GRÖCKE, DARREN
name: CRAIG, JAMES
name: JOHNSTON, KEVIN
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2004

description: The lower and middle parts of the Fernie Formation in central-western Alberta and south-eastern British Columbia, ranging from Pliensbachian to ?Bathonian (Early to Middle Jurassic) in age, and consisting mainly of fossiliferous dark shales and black limestones, contain bentonitic clay horizons which have yielded radiometric ages using U-Pb analysis of zircon crystals. Here we report six new ages from the lowermost Red Deer Member (188.3 +1.5/-1 Ma); Highwood Member (ca. 173 Ma and 166.6 ± 0.2 Ma); and Grey Beds (167.0 ± 0.2 Ma, 165.6 ± 0.3 Ma, and 165.4 ± 0.3 Ma). Some of these bentonites are associated with ammonites and coccoliths which provide biostratigraphic constraints. Strontium and carbon and oxygen isotopes measured from belemnite rostra have been compared in two sections and the resulting curves are compared with those from western Europe.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 110, No 1
Electric current effects in spark plasma sintering: From the evidence of physical phenomenon to constitutive equation formulation
Creators: name: Lee, Geuntak
name: Manière, Charles
name: Mckittrick, Joanna
name: Olevsky, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 3 heating modes are utilized to make ZrN powders have 3 different levels of the electric current density at the same temperature during spark plasma sintering (SPS). The constitutive equation of sintering for SPS is applied to the experimental porosity evolution of ZrN from three SPS modes, and this showed high electric current density increase the electric current assisted deformability value of ZrN pellets, resulting in a reduction of the flow stress. The electric current flow enhances the dislocation motion, which was experimentally proved and analyzed by modified Williamson-Hall equation applying to X-ray diffraction results, and the mechanical strength test of ZrN pellets.
Automorphisms of two-dimensional right-angled Artin groups
Creators: name: Charney, Ruth
name: Crisp, John
name: Vogtmann, Karen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F36

description: We study the outer automorphism group of a right-angled Artin group A_G in the case where the defining graph G is connected and triangle-free. We give an algebraic description of Out(A_G) in terms of maximal join subgraphs in G and prove that the Tits' alternative holds for Out(A_G). We construct an analogue of outer space for Out(A_G) and prove that it is finite dimensional, contractible, and has a proper action of Out(A_G). We show that Out(A_G) has finite virtual cohomological dimension, give upper and lower bounds on this dimension and construct a spine for outer space realizing the most general upper bound.
description: Bounds on vcd improved, proof of Tits' alternative added, expository improvements, typos corrected
THE TRIASSIC/JURASSIC BOUNDARY IN THE ANDES OF ARGENTINA
Creators: name: C. RICCARDI, ALBERTO
name: E. DAMBORENEA, SUSANA
name: O. MANCEÑIDO, MIGUEL
name: P. IGLESIA LLANOS, MARIA
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2004

description: The Arroyo Malo Formation at Alumbre Creek, on the northern bank of the Atuel River, west central Argentina, comprises a c. 300 m thick continuous marine succession across the Triassic-Jurassic System boundary, consisting of massive and laminated pelites indicative of a slope depositional environment. Late Triassic invertebrates, including ammonoids, nautiloids, bivalves, gastropods, brachiopods and corals are restricted to the lower 150 m. Beds between 125-135 m from the bottom yield Choristoceras cf. marshi Hauer, a species found in the Marshi/Crickmayi Zone of Europe and North America, together with loose fragments of Psiloceras cf. pressum Hillebrandt, coeval with the lower to middle part of the Hettangian Planorbis Zone. About 80 m higher are beds yielding Psiloceras cf. rectocostatum Hillebrandt, a species that gives name to an Andean biozone partially coeval with the Johnstoni and Plicatulum Subzones, upper Planorbis Zone. Other fossils recorded in the Rhaetian strata of this section are foraminifers, ostracods and plant remains identified as Zuberia cf. zuberi (Szaj.) Freng. and Clathropteris sp. The section was also sampled for conodonts and radiolarians, thus far with negative results. A palaeomagnetic study is underway.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 110, No 1
Graphite creep negation during flash spark plasma sintering under temperatures close to 2000$^\circ$C
Creators: name: Manière, Charles
name: Lee, Geuntak
name: Mckittrick, Joanna
name: Maximenko, Andrey
name: Olevsky, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphite creep has high importance for applications using high pressures (100 MPa) and temperatures close to 2000 {\textdegree}C. In particular, the new flash spark plasma sintering process (FSPS) is highly sensitive to graphite creep when applied to ultra-high temperature materials such as silicon carbide. In this flash process taking only a few seconds, the graphite tooling reaches temperatures higher than 2000 {\textdegree}C resulting in its irreversible deformation. The graphite tooling creep prevents the flash spark plasma sintering process from progressing further. In this study, a finite element model is used to determine FSPS tooling temperatures. In this context, we explore the graphite creep onset for temperatures above 2000 {\textdegree}C and for high pressures. Knowing the graphite high temperature limit, we modify the FSPS process so that the sintering occurs outside the graphite creep range of temperatures/pressures. 95 % dense silicon carbide compacts are obtained in about 30 s using the optimized FSPS.
Emergent collective dynamics of bottom-heavy squirmers under gravity
Creators: name: Rühle, Felix
name: Stark, Holger
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: motile active matter
subject: bottom-heavy squirmers
subject: gravity
subject: collective dynamics
subject: hydrodynamic simulations

description: We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations using the method of multi-particle collision dynamics for a system of squirmer microswimmers moving under the influence of gravity at low Reynolds numbers. In addition, the squirmers are bottom-heavy so that they experience a torque which aligns them along the vertical. The squirmers interact hydrodynamically by the flow fields of a stokeslet and rotlet, which are initiated by the acting gravitational force and torque, respectively, and by their own flow fields. By varying the ratio of swimming to bulk sedimentation velocity and the torque, we determine state diagrams for the emergent collective dynamics of neutral squirmers as well as strong pushers and pullers. For low swimming velocity and torque we observe conventional sedimentation, while the sedimentation profile becomes inverted when their values are increased. For neutral squirmers we discover convective rolls of circulating squirmers between both sedimentation states, which sit at the bottom of the system and are fed by plumes made of collectively sinking squirmers. At larger torques porous clusters occur that spawn single squirmers. The two latter states can also occur transiently starting from a uniform squirmer distribution and then disappear in the long-time limit. For strong pushers and pullers only weak plume formation is observed.
Optimization of a thermal coupled flow problem - part I: Algorithms and numerical experiments
Creators: name: Bärwolff, Günter
name: Hinze, Michael
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: timedepent Boussinesq equation
subject: boundary control
subject: numerical algorithm
subject: numerical experiments

description: In the present paper we investigate optimal control of semiconductor melts in zone-melting and Czochralski growth conﬁgurations. The ﬂow is governed by the Boussinesq approximation of the Navier-Stokes system. The control goal consists in tracking of a prescribed ﬂow ﬁeld. As control action boundary heating in terms of Dirichlet and Neumann-type boundary conditions is considered. Optimal control strategies are characterized in terms of the ﬁrst-order optimality conditions. On the numerical level these optimality conditions are solved by a damped Picard iteration. We present numerical experiments in two and three spatial dimensions for the crystal (Bi0.25Sb0.75)2Te2, which is formed by a composition of bismuth point ﬁfty antimony one point ﬁfty tellurium two, as well as for Si (Silicium).
Chemo-Sensitive Running Droplet
Creators: name: Sumino, Yutaka
name: Nagayama, Masaharu
name: Kitahata, Hiroyuki
name: Nomura, Shin-ichiro M.
name: Magome, Nobuyuki
name: Mori, Yoshihito
name: Yoshikawa, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical control of the spontaneous motion of a reactive oil droplet moving on a glass substrate under an aqueous phase is reported. Experimental results show that the self-motion of an oil droplet is confined on an acid-treated glass surface. The transient behavior of oil-droplet motion is also observed with a high-speed video camera. A mathematical model that incorporates the effect of the glass surface charge is built based on the experimental observation of oil-droplet motion. A numerical simulation of this mathematical model reproduced the essential features concerning confinement within a certain chemical territory of oil-droplet motion, and also its transient behavior. Our results may shed light on physical aspects of reactive spreading and a chemotaxis in living things.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
title: FLAME Tutorial Examples : Predation - a simple predator-prey model
Creators: name: Poulter, Gemma
name: Greenough, C
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Facilities Council
Year: 2014

description: FLAME - the Flexible Large-scale Agent Modelling Environment - is a framework for developing agent-based models. FLAME has been developed in a collaboration between the Computer Science Department of the University of Sheffield and the Software Engineering Group of the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. This report documents the FLAME implementation of a simple predator-prey model. Within a fixed domain sheep and wolves move randomly, and this costs a wolf 1 unit of energy. If, after a particular move a wolf and sheep are close enough, the wolf is able to eat the sheep and increase the amount of energy it has.
Mathematical Models of Overparameterized Neural Networks
Creators: name: Fang, Cong
name: Dong, Hanze
name: Zhang, Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Deep learning has received considerable empirical successes in recent years. However, while many ad hoc tricks have been discovered by practitioners, until recently, there has been a lack of theoretical understanding for tricks invented in the deep learning literature. Known by practitioners that overparameterized neural networks are easy to learn, in the past few years there have been important theoretical developments in the analysis of overparameterized neural networks. In particular, it was shown that such systems behave like convex systems under various restricted settings, such as for two-layer NNs, and when learning is restricted locally in the so-called neural tangent kernel space around specialized initializations. This paper discusses some of these recent progresses leading to significant better understanding of neural networks. We will focus on the analysis of two-layer neural networks, and explain the key mathematical models, with their algorithmic implications. We will then discuss challenges in understanding deep neural networks and some current research directions.
title: An efficient dimer method with preconditioning and linesearch
Creators: name: Gould, N I M
name: Ortner, C
name: Packwood, D
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Facilities Council
Year: 2014

description: The dimer method is a Hessian-free algorithm for computing saddle points. We augment the method with a linesearch mechanism for automatic step size selection as well as preconditioning capabilities. We prove local linear convergence. A series of numerical tests demonstrate significant performance gains.
Activity induced isotropic-polar transition in active liquid crystals
Creators: name: Giordano, M. G.
name: Bonelli, F.
name: Carenza, L. N.
name: Gonnella, G.
name: Negro, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active fluids are intrinsically out-of-equilibrium systems due to the internal energy injection of the active constituents. We show here that a transition from a motion-less isotropic state towards a flowing polar one can be possibly driven by the sole active injection through the action of polar-hydrodynamic interactions in absence of an ad hoc free-energy which favors the development of an ordered phase. In particular, we propose an analytical argument and we perform lattice Boltzmann simulations where the appearance of large temporal fluctuations in the polar fraction of the system is observed at the transition point. Moreover, we make use of a scale-to-scale analysis to unveil the energy transfer mechanism, proving that elastic absorption plays a relevant role in the overall dynamics of the system, contrary to what reported in previous works on the usual active gel theory where this term could be factually neglected.
All-Materials-Inclusive Flash Spark Plasma Sintering
Creators: name: Manière, Charles
name: Lee, Geuntak
name: Olevsky, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new flash (ultra-rapid) spark plasma sintering method applicable to various materials systems, regardless of their electrical resistivity, is developed. A number of powders ranging from metals to electrically insulative ceramics have been successfully densified resulting in homogeneous microstructures within sintering times of 8-35 s. A finite element simulation reveals that the developed method, providing an extraordinary fast and homogeneous heating concentrated in the sample's volume and punches, is applicable to all the different samples tested. The utilized uniquely controllable flash phenomenon is enabled by the combination of the electric current concentration around the sample and the confinement of the heat generated in this area by the lateral thermal contact resistance. The presented new method allows: extending flash sintering to nearly all materials, controlling sample shape by an added graphite die, and an energy efficient mass production of small and intermediate size objects. This approach represents also a potential venue for future investigations of flash sintering of complex shapes.