cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Highlights in the Study of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Creators: name: Burrows, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanets are now being discovered in profusion. However, to understand their character requires spectral models and data. These elements of remote sensing can yield temperatures, compositions, and even weather patterns, but only if significant improvements in both the parameter retrieval process and measurements are achieved. Despite heroic efforts to garner constraining data on exoplanet atmospheres and dynamics, reliable interpretation has oftimes lagged ambition. I summarize the most productive, and at times novel, methods employed to probe exoplanet atmospheres, highlight some of the most interesting results obtained, and suggest various broad theoretical topics in which further work could pay significant dividends.
description: Published in Nature, September 18, 2014, as an Insight Review
A wavelength-dependent mathematical model of photosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Creators: name: Pfennig, Tobias
name: Kullmann, Elena
name: Zavřel, Tomáš
name: Nakielski, Andreas
name: Ebenhöh, Oliver
name: Červený, Jan
name: Bernát, Gábor
name: Matuszyńska, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: cyanobacteria
photosynthesis
mathematical model
ordinary differential equations
light spectrum
state transitions

description: A mathematical, Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)-based model of the Synechocystis PETC. It captures the major enzymes, complexes, and metabolites that define Synechocystis photosynthesis, including linear, cyclic and water-water electron flows, respiration and lumped sink reactions such as the Calvin Benson Bassham (CBB) cycle and Photorespiration (PR). The model uses a full-spectrum (visible) light description (400 nm - 700 nm) to capture the effect of different light colours on the PETC. It considers important adaptive processes like state transitions and Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ) via the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP). The model is built using the python modelbase package (Van Aalst, doi: 10.1186/s12859-021-04122-7).
The Invasive Capacity of HPV Transformed Cells Requires the hDlg-Dependent Enhancement of SGEF/RhoG Activity
Creators: name: Massimi, Paola
name: Krishna Subbaiah, Vanitha
name: Boon, Siaw Shi
name: Garcia-Mata, Rafael
name: Sharek, Lisa
name: Myers, Michael P.
name: Banks, Lawrence
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: A major target of the HPV E6 oncoprotein is the human Discs Large (hDlg) tumour suppressor, although how this interaction contributes to HPV-induced malignancy is still unclear. Using a proteomic approach we show that a strong interacting partner of hDlg is the RhoG-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor SGEF. The interaction between hDlg1 and SGEF involves both PDZ and SH3 domain recognition, and directly contributes to the regulation of SGEF's cellular localization and activity. Consistent with this, hDlg is a strong enhancer of RhoG activity, which occurs in an SGEF-dependent manner. We also show that HPV-18 E6 can interact indirectly with SGEF in a manner that is dependent upon the presence of hDlg and PDZ binding capacity. In HPV transformed cells, E6 maintains a high level of RhoG activity, and this is dependent upon the presence of hDlg and SGEF, which are found in complex with E6. Furthermore, we show that E6, hDlg and SGEF each directly contributes to the invasive capacity of HPV-16 and HPV-18 transformed tumour cells. These studies demonstrate that hDlg has a distinct oncogenic function in the context of HPV induced malignancy, one of the outcomes of which is increased RhoG activity and increased invasive capacity.
Tunneling Conductance and Spin Transport in Clean Ferromagnet-Ferromagnet-Superconductor Heterostructures
Creators: name: Wu, Chien-Te
name: Valls, Oriol T.
name: Halterman, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a transfer matrix approach that combines the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) formalism and self-consistent solutions to the Bogolibuov-de Gennes (BdG) equations and use it to study the tunneling conductance and spin transport in ferromagnet (${\rm F}$)-superconductor (${\rm S}$) trilayers (${\rm F_1F_2 S}$) as functions of bias voltage. The self-consistency ensures that the spin and charge conservation laws are properly satisfied. We consider forward and angularly averaged conductances over a broad range of the strength of the exchange fields and ${\rm F}$ thicknesses, as the relative in-plane magnetization angle, $ϕ$, between the two ferromagnets varies. The $ϕ$-dependence of the self-consistent conductance curves in the trilayers can differ substantially from that obtained via a non-self-consistent approach. The zero bias forward conductance peak exhibits, as $ϕ$ varies, resonance effects intricately associated with particular combinations of the geometrical and material parameters. We find, when the magnetizations are non-collinear, signatures of the anomalous Andreev reflections in the subgap regions of the angularly averaged conductances. When ${\rm F_1}$ is half-metallic, the angularly averaged subgap conductance chiefly arises from anomalous Andreev reflection. The in-plane components of the spin current are strongly bias dependent, while the out-of-plane spin current component is only weakly dependent upon voltage. The components of the spin current aligned with the local exchange field of one of the F layers are conserved in that layer and in the S region, while they oscillate in the other layer. We compute the spin transfer torques, in connection with the oscillatory behavior of spin currents, and verify that the spin continuity equation is strictly obeyed in our method.
description: 19 pages including figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. B; Fig12 is revised
An In-Depth Comparison of Latent HIV-1 Reactivation in Multiple Cell Model Systems and Resting CD4+ T Cells from Aviremic Patients
Creators: name: Planelles, Vicente
name: Archin, Nancie M.
name: Soto, Paula C.
name: Singhania, Akul
name: Spina, Celsa A.
name: Woelk, Christopher
name: Chan, Jonathan
name: Kashuba, Angela
name: Shirakawa, Kotaro
name: Lewin, Sharon R.
name: Siliciano, Robert F.
name: Xing, Sifei
name: Anderson, Jenny
name: Saleh, Suha
name: Mau, Matthew
name: Wooden, Stacey
name: Greene, Warner C.
name: Ruelas, Debbie
name: Margolis, David M.
name: Famiglietti, Marylinda
name: Verdin, Eric
name: Terry, Valeri H.
name: Bosque, Alberto
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The possibility of HIV-1 eradication has been limited by the existence of latently infected cellular reservoirs. Studies to examine control of HIV latency and potential reactivation have been hindered by the small numbers of latently infected cells found in vivo. Major conceptual leaps have been facilitated by the use of latently infected T cell lines and primary cells. However, notable differences exist among cell model systems. Furthermore, screening efforts in specific cell models have identified drug candidates for “anti-latency” therapy, which often fail to reactivate HIV uniformly across different models. Therefore, the activity of a given drug candidate, demonstrated in a particular cellular model, cannot reliably predict its activity in other cell model systems or in infected patient cells, tested ex vivo. This situation represents a critical knowledge gap that adversely affects our ability to identify promising treatment compounds and hinders the advancement of drug testing into relevant animal models and clinical trials. To begin to understand the biological characteristics that are inherent to each HIV-1 latency model, we compared the response properties of five primary T cell models, four J-Lat cell models and those obtained with a viral outgrowth assay using patient-derived infected cells. A panel of thirteen stimuli that are known to reactivate HIV by defined mechanisms of action was selected and tested in parallel in all models. Our results indicate that no single in vitro cell model alone is able to capture accurately the ex vivo response characteristics of latently infected T cells from patients. Most cell models demonstrated that sensitivity to HIV reactivation was skewed toward or against specific drug classes. Protein kinase C agonists and PHA reactivated latent HIV uniformly across models, although drugs in most other classes did not.
On the interrelation of equilibrium positions and work of friction forces on brake squeal
Creators: name: Koch, Sebastian
name: Gödecker, Holger
name: Wagner, Utz Von
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: work criterion
subject: brake noise
subject: nonlinearities
subject: equilibrium positions correlation

description: Brake noise, in particular brake squeal, is a permanent topic both in industry and academia since decades. Nonlinearities play a decisive role for this phenomenon. One nonlinear effect widely ignored so far is that the brake can engage multiple equilibrium positions with severe consequences on the noise behavior. In fact in an automotive disk brake, the essential elements carrier, caliper and pad are elastically coupled with each other and their behavior is nonlinear that multiple equilibrium positions are possible. The engaged equilibrium position depends, for example, on the initial conditions, external disturbances, and the transient application of the brake pressure, and in consequence configurations with or without self-exciting characteristics of the friction forces result. Obviously, a self-exciting characteristic of the friction force is a necessary precondition for the occurrence of squeal. The authors recently published some corresponding results (Koch et al. FU Mech Eng, 2021. https://doi.org/10.22190/FUME210106020K) demonstrating that for same operating parameters with respect to brake pressure (i.e., brake torque), rotational speed and temperature the engaged equilibrium position has decisive influence whether squeal occurs or not. While in Koch et al. (2021) it has just been detected whether there is squeal or not, the excitation characteristic of the friction forces becomes, beside the engaged equilibrium position, the additional focus in the present paper. Therefore, a work criterion already successfully applied in earlier publications for squeal tendency is considered. For the experimental application of the work criterion, accelerometers have to be mounted. The accelerometers’ location to be applied can be determined in the chosen setup by the camera system anyway necessary for the measurement of the engaged equilibrium position. With this refined setup, it is possible to specify the states squeal, close to squeal and far from squeal. The test series again demonstrate the decisive influence of the engaged equilibrium position (for constant operation parameters) on the occurrence of the respective state. These findings can have consequences for simulations (consideration of multiple equilibrium positions in models and respective linearization with consequences on system’s eigenvalues), but also for the design (avoidance of equilibrium positions suspicious for squeal) and experimental setups (determination of special positions) of brakes.
Continuous-variable phase-estimation with unitary and random linear disturbance
Creators: name: de Souza, Douglas Delgado
name: Genoni, Marco G.
name: Kim, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of continuous-variable quantum phase estimation in the presence of linear disturbance at the Hamiltonian level, by means of Gaussian probe states. In particular we discuss both unitary and random disturbance, by considering the parameter which characterizes the unwanted linear term present in the Hamiltonian as fixed (unitary disturbance) or random with a given probability distribution (random disturbance). We derive the optimal input Gaussian states at fixed energy, maximizing the quantum Fisher information over the squeezing angle and the squeezing energy fraction, and we discuss the scaling of the quantum Fisher information in terms of the output number of photons $n_{out}$. We observe that in the case of unitary disturbance the optimal state is a squeezed vacuum state and the quadratic scaling is conserved. As regards the random disturbance, we observe that the optimal squeezing fraction may not be equal to one, and, for any non-zero value of the noise parameter, the quantum Fisher information scales linearly with the average number of photons. We finally discuss the performance of homodyne measurement, comparing the achievable precision with the ultimate limit posed by the quantum Cramér-Rao bound.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Class A Scavenger Receptor 1 (MSR1) Restricts Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Mediating Toll-like Receptor 3 Recognition of Viral RNAs Produced in Neighboring Cells
Creators: name: Yamane, Daisuke
name: Lemon, Stanley M.
name: Welsch, Christoph
name: Dansako, Hiromichi
name: McGivern, David R.
name: Hu, Fengyu
name: Kato, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Persistent infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) may result in life-threatening liver disease, including cirrhosis and cancer, and impose an important burden on human health. Understanding how the virus is capable of achieving persistence in the majority of those infected is thus an important goal. Although HCV has evolved multiple mechanisms to disrupt and block cellular signaling pathways involved in the induction of interferon (IFN) responses, IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression is typically prominent in the HCV-infected liver. Here, we show that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) expressed within uninfected hepatocytes is capable of sensing infection in adjacent cells, initiating a local antiviral response that partially restricts HCV replication. We demonstrate that this is dependent upon the expression of class A scavenger receptor type 1 (MSR1). MSR1 binds extracellular dsRNA, mediating its endocytosis and transport toward the endosome where it is engaged by TLR3, thereby triggering IFN responses in both infected and uninfected cells. RNAi-mediated knockdown of MSR1 expression blocks TLR3 sensing of HCV in infected hepatocyte cultures, leading to increased cellular permissiveness to virus infection. Exogenous expression of Myc-MSR1 restores TLR3 signaling in MSR1-depleted cells with subsequent induction of an antiviral state. A series of conserved basic residues within the carboxy-terminus of the collagen superfamily domain of MSR1 are required for binding and transport of dsRNA, and likely facilitate acidification-dependent release of dsRNA at the site of TLR3 expression in the endosome. Our findings reveal MSR1 to be a critical component of a TLR3-mediated pattern recognition receptor response that exerts an antiviral state in both infected and uninfected hepatocytes, thereby limiting the impact of HCV proteins that disrupt IFN signaling in infected cells and restricting the spread of HCV within the liver.
Hysteresis and compensation behaviors of spin-1 hexagonal Ising nanowire
Creators: name: Kocakaplan, Yusuf
name: Kantar, Ersin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An effective-field theory with correlations has been used to study the hysteresis, susceptibility and compensation behaviors of the spin-1 hexagonal Ising nanowire (HIN) with core-shell structure. The effects of the temperature, crystal field, core-shell interfacial coupling and shell surface coupling are investigated on hysteresis and compensation behaviors, in detail. When the core-shell interfacial coupling is weak, the double and triple hysteresis loops can be seen in the system. The hysteresis loops have different coercive field points that the susceptibility make peak at these points. Moreover, we observed that the system displays the Q-, R-, S-, P-, N- and W-types of compensation behaviors according to Neél classification nomenclature. Finally, the obtaining results are compared with some experimental and theoretical results and found a good agreement.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Canterbury's Aphra Behn: Data Management Plan
Creators: name: Hobby, Elaine
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023

description: Funding abstract:Aphra Behn's Canterbury is a project designed mostly by Canterbury people to raise the city's daughter, Aphra Behn, to her justly high profile in Canterbury.Aphra Behn (1640-1689), born Aphra Johnson in the village of Harbledown on the edge of Canterbury, went on to become the first professional woman writer in English, with a dazzling profile amongst her own contemporaries for her London-performed eighteen plays, her fiction (which includes the first account in English to be centred on an uprising of enslaved Africans), her poetry, and her translations from French. Beyond the academic world, though, Behn is little known today.Working to demonstrate to Canterbury's governance and substantial tourism sector Behn's potential great appeal to wide-ranging audiences, Aphra Behn's Canterbury plans a year-long series of events focused on her achievements and her importance today. The activities we are organising include a three-month-long exhibition at The Beaney House of Art and Knowledge, displaying to the city's residents and visitors Behn's importance and how she (partly) escaped a woman's limitations in her time; guided walks to Behn-related sites in the city; expert talks about Behn's spying career, about her writings about early colonialism and slavery, and about the Royal Shakespeare Company's production of her play The Rover in 2016-17; a public celebration of the life-size bronze statue of Behn that will be erected in central Canterbury in 2024; and performances of songs written by Behn and of her second play, The Amorous Prince (1671), which has not previously been staged for 353 years.Throughout, we will track and analyse audience and wider public responses to Behn as they learn about her, so as to inform later Behn-related activities. We will also establish a richly populated website making recordings of our events and teaching materials about Behn freely available.Aphra Behn's Canterbury results from collaborations between The Aphra Behn Society of Canterbury, The A Is for Aphra campaign working in conjunction with the Canterbury Commemoration Society, and other partners who include Loughborough University, Canterbury Christ Church University, the Canterbury Players, Canterbury Cathedral and Libraries, and Canterbury Business Improvement District. Throughout, this project draws deeply on the AHRC-funded Editing Aphra Behn in the Digital Age, presenting the outcomes of that research to wide audiences so as to change their knowledge and understanding of Behn and her relevance today, and to demonstrate to local civic authorities and tourist-focused businesses that she can and should raise the city's profile as an arts and heritage destination both nationally and globally. Aphra Behn's Canterbury will also provide experience and training to an Early Career Researcher in the role of Impact and Engagement Fellow.
The impact of typical school provision of physical education, physical activity and sports on adolescent mental health and wellbeing: a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Rocliffe, Padraic
name: Adamakis, Manolis
name: O'Keeffe, Brendan
name: Walsh, Liam
name: Bannon, Aine
name: Garcia‑Gonzalez, Luis
name: Chambers, Fiona
name: Stylianou, Michalis
name: SHERWIN, IAN
name: MANNIX-MC NAMARA, PATRICIA
name: MAC DONNCHA, CIARAN
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise

description: Typical school provision of physical education, physical activity and sports, which is refective of the school’s response to the national curriculum, available resources and school ethos, may impact adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Systematic literature reviews have not yet considered this impact. The Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, ERIC and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant literature (2000–2022) pertaining to adolescents aged 12–18 years in secondary schools. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, including thirteen interventions, fve cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies. Included studies contributed 108 reported efects, that examined depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-efcacy, wellbeing, life satisfaction and positive mental health. Anxiety was the most frequently reported outcome, with 59% of the reported fndings found to be non-signifcant, 24% signifcantly positive, 12% signifcantly negative and 6% reporting a negative trend but with no test of signifcance. Evidence supported the impact of physical education on adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Signifcantly positive efects were linked to interventions with minor modifcations to typical provision such as the integration of teacher workshops and/or implementation of curriculum models. This suggests the importance of supplementing typical school provision of physical education to positively infuence future impact.
Multi-gap nodeless superconductivity in nickel chalcogenide TlNi2Se2
Creators: name: Hong, X. C.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Zhou, S. Y.
name: Pan, J.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Wang, Hangdong
name: Mao, Qianhui
name: Fang, Minghu
name: Dong, J. K.
name: Li, S. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-temperature thermal conductivity measurements were performed on single crystals of TlNi$_2$Se$_2$, a nickel-chalcogenide heavy-electron superconductor with $T_c$ $\simeq$ 3.7 K. In zero field, the residual electronic contribution at $T$ $\rightarrow$ 0 K ($κ_0/T$) was well separated from the total thermal conductivity, which is less than 0.45\% of its normal-state value. Such a tiny residual $κ_0/T$ is unlikely contributed by the nodal quasiparticles. Nodeless gap structure is supported by the very weak field dependence of $κ_0(H)/T$ in low magnetic fields. In the whole field range, $κ_0(H)/T$ exhibits an "$S$"-shape curve, as in the case of nickel pnictides BaNi$_2$As$_2$ and SrNi$_2$P$_2$. This common feature of nickel-based superconductors can be explained by multiple nodeless superconducting gaps.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Comparison of SIV and HIV-1 Genomic RNA Structures Reveals Impact of Sequence Evolution on Conserved and Non-Conserved Structural Motifs
Creators: name: Weeks, Kevin M.
name: Dang, Kristen K.
name: Pollom, Elizabeth
name: Swanstrom, Ronald
name: Burch, Christina L.
name: Potter, E. Lake
name: Gorelick, Robert J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: RNA secondary structure plays a central role in the replication and metabolism of all RNA viruses, including retroviruses like HIV-1. However, structures with known function represent only a fraction of the secondary structure reported for HIV-1NL4-3. One tool to assess the importance of RNA structures is to examine their conservation over evolutionary time. To this end, we used SHAPE to model the secondary structure of a second primate lentiviral genome, SIVmac239, which shares only 50% sequence identity at the nucleotide level with HIV-1NL4-3. Only about half of the paired nucleotides are paired in both genomic RNAs and, across the genome, just 71 base pairs form with the same pairing partner in both genomes. On average the RNA secondary structure is thus evolving at a much faster rate than the sequence. Structure at the Gag-Pro-Pol frameshift site is maintained but in a significantly altered form, while the impact of selection for maintaining a protein binding interaction can be seen in the conservation of pairing partners in the small RRE stems where Rev binds. Structures that are conserved between SIVmac239 and HIV-1NL4-3 also occur at the 5′ polyadenylation sequence, in the plus strand primer sites, PPT and cPPT, and in the stem-loop structure that includes the first splice acceptor site. The two genomes are adenosine-rich and cytidine-poor. The structured regions are enriched in guanosines, while unpaired regions are enriched in adenosines, and functionaly important structures have stronger base pairing than nonconserved structures. We conclude that much of the secondary structure is the result of fortuitous pairing in a metastable state that reforms during sequence evolution. However, secondary structure elements with important function are stabilized by higher guanosine content that allows regions of structure to persist as sequence evolution proceeds, and, within the confines of selective pressure, allows structures to evolve.
Phonon-Assisted Ultrafast Charge Separation in a Realistic PCBM Aggregate
Creators: name: Smith, Samuel L.
name: Chin, Alex W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Organic solar cells must separate strongly bound electron-hole pairs into free charges. This is achieved at interfaces between electron donor and acceptor organic semiconductors. The most popular electron acceptor is the fullerene derivative PCBM. Electron-hole separation has been observed on femtosecond timescales, which is incompatible with conventional Marcus theories of organic transport. In this work we show that ultrafast charge transport in PCBM arises from its broad range of electronic eigenstates, provided by the presence of three closely spaced delocalised bands near the LUMO level. Vibrational fluctuations enable rapid transitions between these bands, which drives an electron transport of $\sim$3 nm within 100 fs. All this is demonstrated within a realistic tight binding Hamiltonian containing transfer integrals no larger than 8 meV.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Development of a Highly Protective Combination Monoclonal Antibody Therapy against Chikungunya Virus
Creators: name: Dowd, Kimberly A.
name: Akahata, Wataru
name: Smit, Jolanda M.
name: Nabel, Gary J.
name: Diamond, Michael S.
name: Pierson, Theodore C.
name: Heise, Mark T.
name: Johnson, Syd
name: Pal, Pankaj
name: Fremont, Daved H.
name: Lee, Iris
name: Gorlatov, Sergey
name: Edeling, Melissa A.
name: Richter, Mareike K. S.
name: Brien, James D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes global epidemics of a debilitating polyarthritis in humans. As there is a pressing need for the development of therapeutic agents, we screened 230 new mouse anti-CHIKV monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for their ability to inhibit infection of all three CHIKV genotypes. Four of 36 neutralizing MAbs (CHK-102, CHK-152, CHK-166, and CHK-263) provided complete protection against lethality as prophylaxis in highly susceptible immunocompromised mice lacking the type I IFN receptor (Ifnar−/−) and mapped to distinct epitopes on the E1 and E2 structural proteins. CHK-152, the most protective MAb, was humanized, shown to block viral fusion, and require Fc effector function for optimal activity in vivo. In post-exposure therapeutic trials, administration of a single dose of a combination of two neutralizing MAbs (CHK-102+CHK-152 or CHK-166+CHK-152) limited the development of resistance and protected immunocompromised mice against disease when given 24 to 36 hours before CHIKV-induced death. Selected pairs of highly neutralizing MAbs may be a promising treatment option for CHIKV in humans.
Minimal dataset for the research "Outbreaks of COVID-19 in a tuberculosis treatment sanatorium on the Thailand-Myanmar border: a retrospective cohort analysis"
Creators: name: Phyo, Aung Pyae
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Outbreaks of COVID-19 in a tuberculosis treatment sanatorium on the Thailand-Myanmar border: a retrospective cohort analysis:
Latest Version Published: 22 Jun 2023, 8:272 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19275.1)
This is an open access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Early Host Cell Targets of Yersinia pestis during Primary Pneumonic Plague
Creators: name: Stasulli, Nikolas M.
name: Pechous, Roger D.
name: Sivaraman, Vijay
name: Price, Paul A.
name: Goldman, William E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Inhalation of Yersinia pestis causes primary pneumonic plague, a highly lethal syndrome with mortality rates approaching 100%. Pneumonic plague progression is biphasic, with an initial pre-inflammatory phase facilitating bacterial growth in the absence of host inflammation, followed by a pro-inflammatory phase marked by extensive neutrophil influx, an inflammatory cytokine storm, and severe tissue destruction. Using a FRET-based probe to quantitate injection of effector proteins by the Y. pestis type III secretion system, we show that these bacteria target alveolar macrophages early during infection of mice, followed by a switch in host cell preference to neutrophils. We also demonstrate that neutrophil influx is unable to limit bacterial growth in the lung and is ultimately responsible for the severe inflammation during the lethal pro-inflammatory phase.
Towards Understanding Stellar Radial Velocity Jitter as a Function of Wavelength: The Sun as a Proxy
Creators: name: Marchwinski, Robert C.
name: Mahadevan, Suvrath
name: Robertson, Paul
name: Ramsey, Lawrence
name: Harder, Jerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using solar spectral irradiance measurements from the SORCE spacecraft and the F/F' technique, we have estimated the radial velocity (RV) scatter induced on the Sun by stellar activity as a function of wavelength. Our goal was to evaluate the potential advantages of using new near-infrared (NIR) spectrographs to search for low-mass planets around bright F, G, and K stars by beating down activity effects. Unlike M dwarfs, which have higher fluxes and therefore greater RV information content in the NIR, solar-type stars are brightest at visible wavelengths, and, based solely on information content, are better suited to traditional optical RV surveys. However, we find that the F/F' estimated RV noise induced by stellar activity is diminished by up to a factor of 4 in the NIR versus the visible. Observations with the upcoming future generation of NIR instruments can be a valuable addition to the search for low-mass planets around bright FGK stars in reducing the amount of stellar noise affecting RV measurements.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Francisella tularensis Harvests Nutrients Derived via ATG5-Independent Autophagy to Support Intracellular Growth
Creators: name: Brunton, Jason
name: Kawula, Thomas
name: Steele, Shaun
name: Ziehr, Benjamin
name: Moorman, Nathaniel
name: Taft-Benz, Sharon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent intracellular pathogen that invades and replicates within numerous host cell types including macrophages, hepatocytes and pneumocytes. By 24 hours post invasion, F. tularensis replicates up to 1000-fold in the cytoplasm of infected cells. To achieve such rapid intracellular proliferation, F. tularensis must scavenge large quantities of essential carbon and energy sources from the host cell while evading anti-microbial immune responses. We found that macroautophagy, a eukaryotic cell process that primarily degrades host cell proteins and organelles as well as intracellular pathogens, was induced in F. tularensis infected cells. F. tularensis not only survived macroautophagy, but optimal intracellular bacterial growth was found to require macroautophagy. Intracellular growth upon macroautophagy inhibition was rescued by supplying excess nonessential amino acids or pyruvate, demonstrating that autophagy derived nutrients provide carbon and energy sources that support F. tularensis proliferation. Furthermore, F. tularensis did not require canonical, ATG5-dependent autophagy pathway induction but instead induced an ATG5-independent autophagy pathway. ATG5-independent autophagy induction caused the degradation of cellular constituents resulting in the release of nutrients that the bacteria harvested to support bacterial replication. Canonical macroautophagy limits the growth of several different bacterial species. However, our data demonstrate that ATG5-independent macroautophagy may be beneficial to some cytoplasmic bacteria by supplying nutrients to support bacterial growth.
Probing scalar mesons in semi-leptonic decays of $D_s^+$, $D^+$ and $D^0$
Creators: name: Fariborz, Amir H.
name: Jora, Renata
name: Schechter, Joseph
name: Shahid, M. Naeem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the primary motivation of probing the quark substructure of scalar mesons, a generalized linear sigma model for the lowest and the next-to-lowest scalar and pseudoscalar mesons is employed to investigate several semi-leptonic decays of $D$ mesons. The free parameters of the model (in its leading approximation) have been previously determined from fits to mass spectra and various low-energy parameters. With these fixed parameters, the model has already given encouraging predictions for different low-energy decays and scattering, as well as for semileptonic decay channels of $D_s^+$ that include a scalar meson in the final state. In the present work, we apply the same model (in its leading order with the same fixed parameters) to different semi-leptonic decay channels of $D_s^+$, $D^+$ and $D^0$ and thereby further test the model and its predictions for the quark substructure of scalar mesons. We find that these predictions are in reasonable agreement with experiment.
Hemoglobinopathies: Slicing the Gordian Knot of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Pathogenesis
Creators: name: Fairhurst, Rick M.
name: Cerami, Carla
name: Taylor, Steve M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Plasmodium falciparum malaria kills over 500,000 children every year and has been a scourge of humans for millennia. Owing to the co-evolution of humans and P. falciparum parasites, the human genome is imprinted with polymorphisms that not only confer innate resistance to falciparum malaria, but also cause hemoglobinopathies. These genetic traits—including hemoglobin S (HbS), hemoglobin C (HbC), and α-thalassemia—are the most common monogenic human disorders and can confer remarkable degrees of protection from severe, life-threatening falciparum malaria in African children: the risk is reduced 70% by homozygous HbC and 90% by heterozygous HbS (sickle-cell trait). Importantly, this protection is principally present for severe disease and largely absent for P. falciparum infection, suggesting that these hemoglobinopathies specifically neutralize the parasite's in vivo mechanisms of pathogenesis. These hemoglobin variants thus represent a “natural experiment” to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which P. falciparum produces clinical morbidity, which remain partially obscured due to the complexity of interactions between this parasite and its human host. Multiple lines of evidence support a restriction of parasite growth by various hemoglobinopathies, and recent data suggest this phenomenon may result from host microRNA interference with parasite metabolism. Multiple hemoglobinopathies mitigate the pathogenic potential of parasites by interfering with the export of P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) to the surface of the host red blood cell. Few studies have investigated their effects upon the activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems, although recent murine studies suggest a role for heme oxygenase-1 in protection. Ultimately, the identification of mechanisms of protection and pathogenesis can inform future therapeutics and preventive measures. Hemoglobinopathies slice the “Gordian knot” of host and parasite interactions to confer malaria protection, and offer a translational model to identify the most critical mechanisms of P. falciparum pathogenesis.
title: Münchner Beiträge zur jüdischen Geschichte und Kultur, Nr. 2 (2012): Kunststadt München? Unterbrochene Lebenswege
title: Kunststadt München? Unterbrochene Lebenswege
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Münchner Beiträge Zur Jüdischen Geschichte Und Kultur
Publisher: name: Münchner Beiträge zur jüdischen Geschichte und Kultur
Year: 2023

description: Mit Beiträgen von Willibald Sauerländer, Sandra Steinleitner, Olena Balun, Anna Messner, Winfried Nerdinger, Eva-Maria Troelenberg, Annette Hagedorn, Heidi Thiede und Lisa Christina Kolb
description: Bericht der Exkursion des Netzwerkes der Studierenden nach Prag...117-119 Berlin als Geschichts- und Literaturraum...115-116 Vom Archiv zur Ausstellung. Zum Projekt Einblicke. Ausblicke. Jüdische Kunsthistoriker in München der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität und des Jüdischen Museums München...105-114 Martin Aufhäuser und seine Kunstsammlung...95-104 Islamische Kunst im Besitz deutsch-jüdischer Privatsammler in München vor 1939...80-94 Hoflieferanten und Avantgardisten: Die Kunsthandlungen Bernheimer und Thannhauser auf der Ausstellung „Meisterwerke muhammedanischer Kunst“ München 1910...62-79 Philipp Tolziner. Lebenswege eines Münchner Bauhäuslers...55-61 Rudolf Ernst (1896 –1942)...43-54 Rudolf Berliner. Das Schicksal eines Münchner Kunsthistorikers...34-42 Ernst Kitzinger und der Beginn seiner kunsthistorischen Laufbahn in seiner Heimatstadt München...23-33 Begegnungen mit jüdischen Kunsthistorikern...9-22
HIV Restriction by APOBEC3 in Humanized Mice
Creators: name: Foster, John L.
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Martinez-Torres, Francisco
name: Krisko, John F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Innate immune restriction factors represent important specialized barriers to zoonotic transmission of viruses. Significant consideration has been given to their possible use for therapeutic benefit. The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 (APOBEC3) family of cytidine deaminases are potent immune defense molecules capable of efficiently restricting endogenous retroelements as well as a broad range of viruses including Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Human Papilloma virus (HPV), and Human T Cell Leukemia virus (HTLV). The best characterized members of this family are APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F) and their restriction of HIV. HIV has evolved to counteract these powerful restriction factors by encoding an accessory gene designated viral infectivity factor (vif). Here we demonstrate that APOBEC3 efficiently restricts CCR5-tropic HIV in the absence of Vif. However, our results also show that CXCR4-tropic HIV can escape from APOBEC3 restriction and replicate in vivo independent of Vif. Molecular analysis identified thymocytes as cells with reduced A3G and A3F expression. Direct injection of vif-defective HIV into the thymus resulted in viral replication and dissemination detected by plasma viral load analysis; however, vif-defective viruses remained sensitive to APOBEC3 restriction as extensive G to A mutation was observed in proviral DNA recovered from other organs. Remarkably, HIV replication persisted despite the inability of HIV to develop resistance to APOBEC3 in the absence of Vif. Our results provide novel insight into a highly specific subset of cells that potentially circumvent the action of APOBEC3; however our results also demonstrate the massive inactivation of CCR5-tropic HIV in the absence of Vif.
Περιβαλλοντική αναβάθμιση δημόσιων χώρων πρασίνου: πρόταση για την πόλη του Ναυπλίου
Creators: name: Τασιλοπούλου, Ευαγγελία Αναστάσιου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Περιβαλλοντική αναβάθμιση
Δημόσιος χώρος
Χώρος πρασίνου
Environmental upgrading
Public space
Green space

description: Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετά την περιβαλλοντική αναβάθμιση δημόσιων χώρων πρασίνου και αποτελείται από δύο μέρη το ερευνητικό και το σχεδιαστικό. Στο ερευνητικό μέρος γίνεται βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση, όπου μελετάται ποια είναι τα βασικά στοιχεία και χαρακτηριστικά που απαιτούνται για την αναβάθμιση ενός χώρου πρασίνου που θα βασίζεται σε περιβαλλοντικές τεχνικές και κατά πόσο αυτά μπορούν να βοηθήσουν στην ανάδειξη πολιτιστικών και ιστορικών στοιχείων. Τέλος, γίνεται μελέτη τριών παραδειγμάτων περιβαλλοντικών αναβαθμίσεων χώρων πρασίνου σε τρεις διαφορετικές πόλεις. Το σχεδιαστικό μέρος προτείνει μια αναβάθμιση ενός δημόσιου χώρου πρασίνου στην περιοχή του Ναυπλίου. Αρχικά, δίνεται λεπτομερής αναγνώριση της υφιστάμενης κατάστασης και από τα συμπεράσματα που προκύπτουν τίθενται οι στόχοι της αναβάθμισης. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται η πρόταση αναβάθμισης που είναι εστιασμένη σε περιβαλλοντικές πρακτικές με στόχο την ανάδειξη και διατήρηση πολιτιστικών και ιστορικών στοιχείων της περιοχής μελέτης.
description: This thesis studies the environmental upgrading of public green spaces and consists of two parts, the research and the design. In the research part, a literature review is carried out, where it is studied what are the key elements and characteristics required for the upgrading of a green space based on environmental techniques and whether they can help to highlight cultural and historical elements. Finally, three examples of environmental upgrades of green spaces in three different cities are studied. The design part proposes an upgrade of a public green space in Nafplio. First, a detailed identification of the existing situation is given and the conclusions drawn are used to set the objectives of the upgrade. Finally, the upgrading proposal is presented, which is focused on environmental practices with the aim of promoting and preserving cultural and historical elements of the study area.
miR-182 and miR-10a Are Key Regulators of Treg Specialisation and Stability during Schistosome and Leishmania-associated Inflammation
Creators: name: Kistasis, Eleni
name: Wilson, Mark S.
name: Martens, Craig
name: Sturdevant, Dan E.
name: Okoye, Isobel S.
name: Wynn, Thomas A.
name: Porcella, Stephen F.
name: Czieso, Stephanie
name: Chou, David
name: Belkaid, Yasmine
name: Ricklefs, Stacy M.
name: White, Sandra D.
name: Virtaneva, Kimmo
name: Kelada, Samir
name: Sethupathy, Praveen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A diverse suite of effector immune responses provide protection against various pathogens. However, the array of effector responses must be immunologically regulated to limit pathogen- and immune-associated damage. CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) calibrate immune responses; however, how Treg cells adapt to control different effector responses is unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanism of Treg diversity we used whole genome expression profiling and next generation small RNA sequencing of Treg cells isolated from type-1 or type-2 inflamed tissue following Leishmania major or Schistosoma mansoni infection, respectively. In-silico analyses identified two miRNA “regulatory hubs” miR-10a and miR-182 as critical miRNAs in Th1- or Th2-associated Treg cells, respectively. Functionally and mechanistically, in-vitro and in-vivo systems identified that an IL-12/IFNγ axis regulated miR-10a and its putative transcription factor, Creb. Importantly, reduced miR-10a in Th1-associated Treg cells was critical for Treg function and controlled a suite of genes preventing IFNγ production. In contrast, IL-4 regulated miR-182 and cMaf in Th2-associed Treg cells, which mitigated IL-2 secretion, in part through repression of IL2-promoting genes. Together, this study indicates that CD4+Foxp3+ cells can be shaped by local environmental factors, which orchestrate distinct miRNA pathways preserving Treg stability and suppressor function.
XII Международная научно-практическая конференция «Современные тенденции развития науки и мирового сообщества в эпоху цифровизации»
Creators: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Publisher: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Year: 2023

description: XII Международная научно-практическая конференция «Современные тенденции развития науки и мирового сообщества в эпоху цифровизации»
Bright Fireballs Associated with the Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 2007LQ19
Creators: name: Madiedo, Jose M.
name: Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M.
name: Ortiz, Jose L.
name: Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.
name: Cabrera-Caño, Jesus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze here two very bright fireballs produced by the ablation in the atmosphere of two large meteoroids in 2009 and 2010. These slow-moving and deep-penetrating events were observed over Spain in the framework of our Spanish Fireball Network continuous meteor monitoring campaign. The analysis of the emission spectrum imaged for one of these fireballs has provided the first clues about the chemical nature of the progenitor meteoroids. The orbital parameters of these particles suggests a likely association with the recently identified July rho-Herculid meteoroid stream. In addition, considerations about the likely parent body of this stream are also made on the basis of orbital dissimilarity criteria. This orbital analysis reveals that both meteoroids and PHA 2007LQ19 exhibit a similar evolution during a time period of almost 8,000 years, which suggests that either this NEO is the potential parent of these particles or that this NEO and both meteoroids had a common progenitor in the past.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society(MNRAS) on 2014 June 23