Hepialidae
Creators: name: Pohl, Greg
name: Anweiler, Gary
name: Schmidt, Christian
name: Kondla, Norbert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hepialidae

description: <i>3. Hepialidae – ghost moths</i> Medium-sized to large (25–100 mm wingspan) stout-bodied moths, usually with orange–brown or brown wings. Th e forewings have a pronounced jugal lobe, which couples the forewing with the hindwing in flight. These moths can be separated from other moths by the combination of reduced antennae, proboscis, and palps. Adults are crepuscular; the males of many species form swarms known as leks and (in at least some species) release pheromones to attract females. Females may produce thousands of eggs and are known to broadcast them in flight. Larvae are stem and root borers, and most take more than 1 year to reach maturity. Approximately 500 species of hepialids are known worldwide, most in the tropics and Australia. Nineteen species are known from North America, six of which occur in AB. Th e higher taxonomy of this group is currently in flux. No comprehensive published work exists, and the treatment of North American species is scattered among several publications (Barnes and Benjamin 1925; Wagner 1988; Wagner and Tindale 1988; Schmidt and Lawrie 1999). All but one of the known AB species were illustrated by Handfield (1999). Nielsen et al. (2000) provided a global catalog and bibliography. 3 * R <i>Gazoryctra hyperboreus</i> (Möschler, 1862) M Aug – M Sep m B – T: Barnes and Benjamin (1925) L: Bowman (1951) C: NFRC, OLDS, UASM 4 R <i>Gazoryctra roseicaput</i> (Neumoegen and Dyar, 1893) Aug M – – T: Barnes and Benjamin (1925) L: Bowman (1951) C: NFRC, UASM 5 * R <i>Gazoryctra novigannus</i> (Barnes and Benjamin, 1925) Aug – Sep M b G T: Barnes and Benjamin (1925) L: Barnes and Benjamin (1925), Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 6 * R <i>Korscheltellus gracilis</i> (Grote, 1864) Jul m B – Conifer Swift Moth T: Wagner (1988) L: Bowman (1951), Wagner (1988), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: NFRC, OLDS, UASM 7 * U <i>Sthenopis argenteomaculatus</i> (Harris, 1842) M Jun – E Jul m B – Silver-spotted Ghost Moth T: Forbes (1923) L: Bowman (1951) C: Unknown 8 * R <i>Sthenopis purpurascens</i> (Packard, 1863) E Jul – E Aug – B g T: Schmidt and Lawrie (1999) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1965), Schmidt and Lawrie (1999) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM <b>Nepticuloidea</b>
description: Published as part of <i>Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian &amp; Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38)</i> on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629
description: {"references": ["Barnes W, Benjamin FH (1925) The hyperboreus group of Hepialus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 2: 81 - 84.", "Wagner DL, Tindale NB (1988) An appraisal of Gazoryctra Hubner (Hepialidae) and description of a new species from Arizona and New Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 42: 204 - 212.", "Schmidt BC, Lawrie DD (1999) Notes on the genus Sthenopis (Hepialidae) in Alberta, Canada. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 53: 127 - 129.", "Handfield L (1999) Le guide des papillons du Quebec, version scientifique [A guide to the butterflies of Quebec, scientific version]. Broquet, Boucherville, QC, 982 pp + 123 plates, map.", "Nielsen ES, Robinson GS, Wagner DL (2000) Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera). Journal of Natural History 34: 822 - 878.", "Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.", "Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.", "Forbes WTM (1923) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part I. Primitive forms, Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 68: 1 - 729.", "Prentice RM (1965) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 4: Microlepidoptera. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Publication No. 1142, pp. 544 - 840."]}