cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Covariance matrix preparation for quantum principal component analysis
Creators: name: Gordon, Max Hunter
name: Cerezo, M.
name: Cincio, Lukasz
name: Coles, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Principal component analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction method in data analysis that involves diagonalizing the covariance matrix of the dataset. Recently, quantum algorithms have been formulated for PCA based on diagonalizing a density matrix. These algorithms assume that the covariance matrix can be encoded in a density matrix, but a concrete protocol for this encoding has been lacking. Our work aims to address this gap. Assuming amplitude encoding of the data, with the data given by the ensemble $\{p_i,| ψ_i \rangle\}$, then one can easily prepare the ensemble average density matrix $\overlineρ = \sum_i p_i |ψ_i\rangle \langle ψ_i |$. We first show that $\overlineρ$ is precisely the covariance matrix whenever the dataset is centered. For quantum datasets, we exploit global phase symmetry to argue that there always exists a centered dataset consistent with $\overlineρ$, and hence $\overlineρ$ can always be interpreted as a covariance matrix. This provides a simple means for preparing the covariance matrix for arbitrary quantum datasets or centered classical datasets. For uncentered classical datasets, our method is so-called "PCA without centering", which we interpret as PCA on a symmetrized dataset. We argue that this closely corresponds to standard PCA, and we derive equations and inequalities that bound the deviation of the spectrum obtained with our method from that of standard PCA. We numerically illustrate our method for the MNIST handwritten digit dataset. We also argue that PCA on quantum datasets is natural and meaningful, and we numerically implement our method for molecular ground-state datasets.
description: 13 + 3 pages, 8 figures
BANGLADESH FAMINE AT 1974 AND EFFECTS OF CHANGING PAPER MONEY FROM 1947
Creators: name: MD. ABDULLAH YUSUF IMAM
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: After the Partition of Bengal in 1947, in East Bengal, which later became the Eastern Wing of Pakistan union and was renamed to East Pakistan in 1956 to 16th December 1971. During the 1960s the State Bank of Pakistan had been introducing a new series of bank notes that carried equal amounts of Urdu and Bengali text. The newly independent Bangladesh did not find an international community with a helping hand in its moments of trial.
Avaliação econômica comparativa de sistemas de produção de gado de corte sob condições de risco no Mato Grosso do Sul
Creators: name: Simoes, Andre Rozemberg Peixoto
name: Moura, Altair Dias De
name: Rocha, Denis Teixeira Da
name: Simoes, Andre Rozemberg Peixoto
name: Moura, Altair Dias De
name: Rocha, Denis Teixeira Da
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cattle production systems
subject: Economic efficiency
subject: Monte Carlo risk simulation

description: The present work aimed to analyze the economical efficiency and the risk associated with three different cattle production systems (Cow-calf, Rearing and Finishing) in the Alto Pantanal (MS) Area. For that, the economical efficiency of each system was assessed and then the Monte Carlo risk simulation method was performed. The deterministic analysis showed that the Rearing system was the most profitable while the Finishing system presented the worst profit result. The Cow-calf system obtained an intermediate profit result. The risk economical analysis revealed the Cow-calf system as the lower risky system. On the other hand, the Finishing system showed the higher risk, presenting 28,7% of probability to obtain negative profit. The Rearing system showed the better level of profits (R$/ha) follow by Finishing and Cow-calf system. Considering the risk and profitable aspects, the results suggest that farmers who develop the three systems together (full cycle) would be adopting a kind of business that would provide more risk stability and intermediary gains.
Apparent modification of the jet-like yield in proton-proton collisions with large underlying event
Creators: name: Bencédi, Gyula
name: Ortiz, Antonio
name: Tripathy, Sushanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the production of charged particles associated with high-$p_{\rm T}$ trigger particles ($8
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Dispersionless version of the constrained Toda hierarchy and symmetric radial Löwner equation
Creators: name: Takebe, Takashi
name: Zabrodin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37K10 (Primary), 30C20 (Secondary)

description: We study the dispersionless version of the recently introduced constrained Toda hierarchy. Like the Toda lattice itself, it admits three equivalent formulations: the formulation in terms of Lax equations, the formulation of the Zakharov-Shabat type and the formulation through the generating equation for the dispersionless limit of logarithm of the tau-function. We show that the dispersionless constrained Toda hierarchy describes conformal maps of reflection-symmetric planar domains to the exterior of the unit disc. We also find finite-dimensional reductions of the hierarchy and show that they are characterized by a differential equation of the Löwner type which we call the symmetric radial Löwner equation. It is also shown that solutions to the symmetric radial Löwner equation are conformal maps of the exterior of the unit circle with two symmetric slits to the exterior of the unit circle.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures; revised
Competitividade do sistema produtivo de cana-de-açúcar em Minas Gerais: abordagem Matriz de Análise Política
Creators: name: Martins, Alexandra Pereira
name: Gomes, Marilia Fernandes Maciel
name: Rosado, Patricia Lopes
name: Ferreira Neto, Jose Ambrosio
name: Martins, Alexandra Pereira
name: Gomes, Marilia Fernandes Maciel
name: Rosado, Patricia Lopes
name: Ferreira Neto, Jose Ambrosio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Competitiveness
subject: Policy Analysis Matrix
subject: Sugarcane

description: The objective of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency and the competitiveness of the sugarcane production in Minas Gerais, based on different production systems. The applied theory is based on the Theory of the Firm and of the International Trade. The analytical method is the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results suggest that the production systems are competitive and efficient and that the irrigated production system presented the greatest competitiveness.
South Langley : a holistic approach to equestrian community design
Creators: name: Nield, Karen Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: There is a need for equestrian communities to be designed holistically in order to successfully interconnect the environmental, social, and economic elements found in a healthy community. By incorporating horse related design and management principles, as well as community planning principles, equestrian communities can be designed to minimize negative environmental impacts, increase social benefits, and expand economic opportunities. This project set out to accomplish two main goals: 1) establish Guiding Principles and Design & Management Guidelines for government, developers and individual property owners as a model to achieve the objectives stated above; and 2) use a 244 acre reclaimed gravel pit in South Langley as a site specific example of the application of these Principles and Guidelines in a holistic design of an equestrian community.
Self-realization of Protagonist in OrhanPamuk's The White Castle
Creators: name: Mrs. K.Nalini Selvi, Dr.T.Jayakumar, Dr.N.Geethanjali
Publisher: name: Shenyang Jianzhu Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University (Natural Science)
Year: 2025
Subjects: Identity, Inability, Conflict, Ambitious goal, Self- realization, power and knowledge.

description: Abstract: Orhan Pamuk, is a prominent contemporary Turkish novelist. As a postmodern novelist he speaks of self-identity in his novels. He is a prominent contemporary Turkish novelist. Along with many myriad international awards, he has received Nobel Prize for literature in 2006. All his novels communicate the loss of pride in his characters. This paper reflects on the inability of the protagonist to find one’s own self and later on he realizes his own self with the help of other character in the novel. The plot of the novel The White Castle is set in historic background of Turkey. Pamuk’s characters in the novel The White Castle are identical and the inner conflict among them is to take hold of the identity of the other characters. The character’s fire quest aids to reach their destiny successfully. The characters in the process of their struggle progress to achieve knowledge and power. The present paper investigates the journey of the protagonist to discover one’s identity and self.

 

Keywords: Identity, Inability, Conflict, Ambitious goal, Self- realization, power and knowledge.
Additional file 1 of Differential transcriptomic host responses in the early phase of viral and bacterial infections in human lung tissue explants ex vivo
Creators: name: Sohail, Aaqib
name: Waqas, Fakhar H.
name: Braubach, Peter
name: Czichon, Laurien
name: Samir, Mohamed
name: Iqbal, Azeem
name: de Araujo, Leonardo
name: Pleschka, Stephan
name: Steinert, Michael
name: Geffers, Robert
name: Pessler, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary figures.
Quantum Point Contacts and Coherent Electron Focusing
Creators: name: van Houten, H.
name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I. Introduction II. Electrons at the Fermi level III. Conductance quantization of a quantum point contact IV. Optical analogue of the conductance quantization V. Classical electron focusing VI. Electron focusing as a transmission problem VII. Coherent electron focusing (Experiment, Skipping orbits and magnetic edge states, Mode-interference and coherent electron focusing) VIII. Other mode-interference phenomena
description: #3 of a series of 4 legacy reviews on QPC's
Quantum eigenstates from classical Gibbs distributions
Creators: name: Claeys, Pieter W.
name: Polkovnikov, Anatoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how the language of wave functions (state vectors) and associated non-commuting Hermitian operators naturally emerges from classical mechanics by applying the inverse Wigner-Weyl transform to the phase space probability distribution and observables. In this language, the Schrödinger equation follows from the Liouville equation, with $\hbar$ now a free parameter. Classical stationary distributions can be represented as sums over stationary states with discrete (quantized) energies, where these states directly correspond to quantum eigenstates. Interestingly, it is now classical mechanics which allows for apparent negative probabilities to occupy eigenstates, dual to the negative probabilities in Wigner's quasiprobability distribution. These negative probabilities are shown to disappear when allowing sufficient uncertainty in the classical distributions. We show that this correspondence is particularly pronounced for canonical Gibbs ensembles, where classical eigenstates satisfy an integral eigenvalue equation that reduces to the Schrödinger equation in a saddle-point approximation controlled by the inverse temperature. We illustrate this correspondence by showing that some paradigmatic examples such as tunneling, band structures, Berry phases, Landau levels, level statistics and quantum eigenstates in chaotic potentials can be reproduced to a surprising precision from a classical Gibbs ensemble, without any reference to quantum mechanics and with all parameters (including $\hbar$) on the order of unity.
description: 45 pages,12 figures. Reworked presentation and included new results on magnetic fields, perturbative corrections, and level spacing states
Comportamento do mercado de preços de fretes rodoviários de açúcar para exportação no Estado de São Paulo
Creators: name: Carvalho, Leandro Bernardino De
name: Caixeta Filho, Jose Vicente
name: Carvalho, Leandro Bernardino De
name: Caixeta Filho, Jose Vicente
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Freight
subject: Transportation
subject: Sugar
subject: Logistics
subject: Exports

description: Currently, Brazil is the greatest worldwide producer and exporter of sugar. Therefore, it is expected better defined forms to restrict high costs, which are normally present in many of the factors involved in the process of production and product commercialization. Under that context, this study searched to characterize the distribution process of the sugar produced in State of São Paulo, indicating in a summarized manner, the main agents involved within the sector, the flow observed by the product until its final delivery and the evolution of transport prices and final prices of the product during the months of the year. The method used to conduct this research was based on primary data survey and on the application of specialized econometric models. In general terms, it was observed that the transport sector within the sugar market is highly competitive and clearly open to the entrance and to the exit of companies related to the sector. The traded prices for the transportation service are defined according to the moment at which the actual demand occurs, and also depending on the presented situation and related needs. Even though, the variation in sugar freight values for export follows a trend pattern which accounts for a rise in periods of greater production of sugar and a fall in periods of lower.
Índice de desempenho competitivo das empresas de móveis da região metropolitana de Belém
Creators: name: Gama, Zilda Joaquina Cohen
name: Santana, Antonio Cordeiro De
name: Mendes, Fernando Antonio Teixeira
name: Khan, Ahmad Saeed
name: Gama, Zilda Joaquina Cohen
name: Santana, Antonio Cordeiro De
name: Mendes, Fernando Antonio Teixeira
name: Khan, Ahmad Saeed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Index of competitive performance (ICP)
subject: Factorial analysis
subject: Furniture firms
subject: Technology
subject: State of Pará

description: The furniture industry of the Metropolitan Region of Belém provides many jobs opportunities and help to reduce the environmental impacts of sawmill, given that the shavings and wood residues of these firms are used as raw material. Factorial analysis was used to estimate the index of competitive performance (ICP) and to determine the competitive position of the firms in the furniture industry. The results showed that most of the furniture firms were located in an intermediate competitive level, which is due to the limiting factors such as lack of workforce, low technological level, difficult access to credit and low level of horizontal and vertical integration in the supply chain. The final results showed that only one, among the furniture firms, achieved a high competitive performance position.
Monopoles Can be Confined by 0, 1 or 2 Vortices
Creators: name: Auzzi, Roberto
name: Bolognesi, Stefano
name: Evslin, Jarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are three types of monopole in gauge theories with fundamental matter and N=2 supersymmetry broken by a superpotential. There are unconfined 0-monopoles and also 1 and 2-monopoles confined respectively by one or two vortices transforming under distinct components of the unbroken gauge group. If a Fayet-Iliopoulos term is added then there are only 2-monopoles. Monopoles transform in the bifundamental representation of two components of the unbroken gauge symmetry, and if two monopoles share a component they may form a boundstate. Selection rules for this process are found, for example vortex number is preserved modulo 2. We find the tensions of the vortices, which are in general distinct, and also the conditions under which vortices are mutually BPS. Results are derived in field theory and also in MQCD, and in quiver theories a T-dual picture may be used in which monopoles are classified by quiver diagrams with two colors of vertices.
description: 46 pages, 13 figures, V2: Comment on non-BPS correction added; 1 figure added
Computations of primordial black hole formation
Creators: name: Musco, Ilia
name: Miller, John C.
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
name: ;
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented from general relativistic numerical computations of primordial black-hole formation during the radiation-dominated era of the universe. Growing-mode perturbations are specified within the linear regime and their subsequent evolution is followed as they become nonlinear. We use a spherically symmetric Lagrangian code and study both super-critical perturbations, which go on to produce black holes, and sub-critical perturbations, for which the overdensity eventually disperses into the background medium. For super-critical perturbations, we confirm the results of previous work concerning scaling-laws but note that the threshold amplitude for a perturbation to lead to black-hole formation is substantially reduced when the initial conditions are taken to represent purely growing modes. For sub-critical cases, where an initial collapse is followed by a subsequent re-expansion, strong compressions and rarefactions are seen for perturbation amplitudes near to the threshold. We have also investigated the effect of including a significant component of vacuum energy and have calculated the resulting changes in the threshold and in the slope of the scaling law.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Class. Quantum Grav
Simple Proof of Security of the multiparty Prepare and Measure QKD
Creators: name: Nilesh, Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The majority of research to date has concentrated on the quantum key distribution (QKD) between two parties. In general, the QKD protocols proposed for the multiparty scenario often involve the usage of a maximally entangled state, such as GHZ, which is challenging to implement in practice. This paper examines the prepare and measure version of multiparty communication through quantum key distribution. It is sufficient to have the capability of preparing and measuring a single qubit state. The security of the multiparty prepare and measure QKD is demonstrated by utilizing the well-known techniques of quantum error correction and entanglement purification. We begin by establishing the security of the entangled-based version and progress through a series of reductions to arrive at our equivalent multiparty prepare and measure version of QKD. We establish the security proof of multiparty entangled-based version by combining FTQC and classical statistics on the GHZ basis. Then proved the conditional security of the multiparty prepare-and-measure QKD by the equivalency.
description: 24 pages, 2 tables
Análise do grau de restritividade de exigências técnicas às exportações brasileiras
Creators: name: Faria, Rosane Nunes De
name: Burnquist, Heloisa Lee
name: Faria, Rosane Nunes De
name: Burnquist, Heloisa Lee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Technical requirements
subject: Survey
subject: Brazilian exports
subject: Restrictiveness indicators

description: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate to what degree technical requirements restrict Brazilian exports, based on a survey applied to 77 firms. The variables represented six types of technical measures that are usually imposed upon exported products. To facilitate the interpretation of the results, factorial analysis was used to reduce the number of variables involved. This allowed the construction of two indicators of the degree of restrictiveness of the technical barriers focused by the study. These were an indicator of requirements of technical specification (ITS) and an indicator for information and label requirements (IIL). Descriptive statistics and paired t test showed that the firms surveyed considered the ITS more restrictive to their exports, that is, these have been subject to greater restrictions affecting the production process, including quality, the production process pattern and conformity assessment.
Electron Interactions and Transport Between Coupled Quantum Hall Edges
Creators: name: Tomlinson, J. W.
name: Caux, J. -S.
name: Chalker, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the effects of electron-electron interactions on transport between edge states in a multilayer integer quantum Hall system. The edge states of such a system, coupled by interlayer tunneling, form a two-dimensional, chiral metal at the sample surface. We calculate the temperature-dependent conductivity and the amplitude of conductance fluctuations in this chiral metal, treating Coulomb interactions and disorder exactly in the weak-tunneling limit. We find that the conductivity increases with increasing temperature, as observed in recent experiments, and we show that the correlation length characterising conductance fluctuations varies inversely with temperature.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, typos corrected, Ref. 17 added, minor changes made for publication
Spin Peltier effect and its length scale in Pt/YIG system at high temperatures
Creators: name: Takahagi, Atsushi
name: Hirai, Takamasa
name: Iguchi, Ryo
name: Nakagawara, Keita
name: Nagano, Hosei
name: Uchida, Ken-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature and yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) thickness dependences of the spin Peltier effect (SPE) have been investigated using a Pt/YIG junction system at temperatures ranging from room temperature to the Curie temperature of YIG by the lock-in thermography method. By analyzing the YIG thickness dependence using an exponential decay model, the characteristic length of SPE in YIG is estimated to be 0.9 $μ$m near room temperature and almost constant even near the Curie temperature. The high-temperature behavior of SPE is clearly different from that of the spin Seebeck effect, providing a clue for microscopically understanding the reciprocal relation between them.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Time Series 2.avi
Creators: name: Lopatin, Anatoli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60602 Animal Physiology - Cell

description: Time-dependence of t-tubular vacuolation.For 'The mechanism of osmotically-induced sealing of cardiac t-tubules'
Possibilidade de arbitragem no mercado de câmbio brasileiro
Creators: name: Cassuce, Francisco Carlos Da Cunha
name: Muller, Carlos Andre Da Silva
name: Campos, Antonio Carvalho
name: Cassuce, Francisco Carlos Da Cunha
name: Muller, Carlos Andre Da Silva
name: Campos, Antonio Carvalho
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Arbitrage
subject: Spot exchange rate
subject: Futures exchange rate
subject: Volatility

description: The objective of this work is to determine the presence of volatility in the spot and futures exchange rates, detecting, thus, the presence of risk. Identified the volatility, it is looked for shaping it through the construction of models capable to forecast the behavior of the spot and futures exchange rates. The GARCH and TARCH models had been used to shape the volatility of the exchange rates. Gotten the estimates, it is verified existence of convergence of these rates in the date of the expirations of future contracts, identifying, thus, the chance to get profits with arbitrage. The results had shown more that the spot and futures exchange rates are very volatile and the spot exchange market presents asymmetry, being affected for negative impacts. The volatility analysis also indicates that the shocks in these rates last for a long period of time. Finally, it is detected possibility to get profits with arbitrage in the market of Brazilian exchange.
Competitividade do açúcar brasileiro no mercado internacional
Creators: name: Dias, Luiz Carlos
name: Gibbert, Giane Maria
name: Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis
name: Dias, Luiz Carlos
name: Gibbert, Giane Maria
name: Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Competitiveness
subject: Sugar
subject: Exportations

description: The study objectifies, by means of a group of indicators, to evaluate the competitiveness of the Brazilian sugar in the international trade. The indicator market-share evidenced its significant importance, considering that Brazil was responsible for 40,61% of the sugar commercialized in the international market in 2005. About the competitiveness front to other countries and other products, the indicator relative advantage in the export also discloses the advantage competitive of the Brazilian sugar. As for participation of the sugar in the total of the Brazilian exportations, the growth is substantial, having increased its representation in 95% in the analyzed period. The participation of the commercial balance of the sugar in the GIP Brazilian agricultural also was increasing in the analyzed period, considering that in 1994 the sugar represented less than 1% of the GIP agricultural and arrived to represent 3.53%, in 2002. These data ratify the importance of the Brazilian sugar in the generation of income and detach its increasing competitive advantage before the too much producing and exporting countries.
The role of segmental and suprasegmental cues in lexical access
Creators: name: Macdonald, Suzanne Lynne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Research in the area of speech perception has shown that prosodic, or suprasegmental, information contributes to the recognition of spoken words. However, the significance of this contribution in English has been debated. Some researchers have argued that suprasegmental cues are not exploited much in English because suprasegmental cues co-vary with segmental cues and, therefore, information at the suprasegmental level is redundant. In this study, it is argued that segmental and suprasegmental cues are only redundant in ideal listening situations. It is hypothesized that suprasegmental cues will make a significant contribution to word recognition under degraded listening conditions. Sixteen normal hearing young adults listened to 100 common nouns presented in a gating paradigm. The 100 words were presented in four conditions: intact segmental and suprasegmental cues, degraded segmental cues, degraded suprasegmental cues, and degraded segmental and suprasegmental cues. Participants were asked to identify the word being presented. Participants' responses were scored according to the isolation point and the accuracy of word identification. Results for both measures showed that participants were able to identify the word sooner and more accurately when both segmental and suprasegmental cues were intact than when either cue was degraded; furthermore, when either cue was intact word recognition was faster and more accurate than when both cues were degraded. These results supported the hypothesis that suprasegmental cues can contribute significantly to spoken word recognition in English.
Additional file 1 of Adipose derived or bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment for hyposalivation: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Hansen, Joachim
name: Carlander, Amanda-Louise Fenger
name: Jakobsen, Kathrine Kronberg
name: Grønhøj, Christian
name: von Buchwald, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
MOMBAT: Heart Rate Monitoring from Face Video using Pulse Modeling and Bayesian Tracking
Creators: name: Gupta, Puneet
name: Bhowmick, Brojeshwar
name: Pal, Arpan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A non-invasive yet inexpensive method for heart rate (HR) monitoring is of great importance in many real-world applications including healthcare, psychology understanding, affective computing and biometrics. Face videos are currently utilized for such HR monitoring, but unfortunately this can lead to errors due to the noise introduced by facial expressions, out-of-plane movements, camera parameters (like focus change) and environmental factors. We alleviate these issues by proposing a novel face video based HR monitoring method MOMBAT, that is, MOnitoring using Modeling and BAyesian Tracking. We utilize out-of-plane face movements to define a novel quality estimation mechanism. Subsequently, we introduce a Fourier basis based modeling to reconstruct the cardiovascular pulse signal at the locations containing the poor quality, that is, the locations affected by out-of-plane face movements. Furthermore, we design a Bayesian decision theory based HR tracking mechanism to rectify the spurious HR estimates. Experimental results reveal that our proposed method, MOMBAT outperforms state-of-the-art HR monitoring methods and performs HR monitoring with an average absolute error of 1.329 beats per minute and the Pearson correlation between estimated and actual heart rate is 0.9746. Moreover, it demonstrates that HR monitoring is significantly
Assessing the influence of neighborhood effects on the adoption of improved agricultural technologies in developing agriculture
Creators: name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
name: Mekuria, Mulugetta
name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
name: Mekuria, Mulugetta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Spatial Tobit model
subject: Spatial heterogeneity
subject: Spatial autocorrelation
subject: Neighborhood effects
subject: Maize farmers
subject: Mozambique

description: Researchers generally assume spatial homogeneity when assessing the factors that influence farmers to adopt improved agricultural technologies. However, the potential for spatial heterogeneity is high due to, for example, neighborhood effects such as farmers sharing information about new technology. Ignoring spatial heterogeneity can result in biased or inefficient regression estimates and make inferences based on t and F statistics misleading. Using data collected from 300 randomly selected farmers in three districts of Mozambique during the 2003/04 crop season, a spatial Tobit model was specified to estimate which factors determined the adoption of improved maize varieties, after an initial diagnostic test rejected the null hypothesis of spatial homogeneity. On the basis of the empirical evidence, the paper makes policy recommendations to increase Mozambican farmers’ adoption of improved maize varieties and concludes by emphasizing the need to test and correct for spatial heterogeneity in technology adoption modeling to improve the efficiency of the estimated results.
Water pricing options for the Middle Drâa River Basin in Morocco
Creators: name: Heidecke, Claudia
name: Kuhn, Arnim
name: Klose, Stephan
name: Heidecke, Claudia
name: Kuhn, Arnim
name: Klose, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: River basin model
subject: Water pricing
subject: Water management
subject: Conjunctive water use
subject: Morocco

description: This paper discusses the possible effects of various ways of charging for water in an integrated modeling framework adapted to the Drâa River Basin in southeastern Morocco. Declining surface water availability in the basin has led to an increase in groundwater use for irrigation in recent decades, even though groundwater extraction is more costly than using surface water. The trade-off between the pricing of ground and surface water is discussed based on recursive-dynamic simulations over a ten-year period. The results identify groundwater pricing as an economically and environmentally favorable option, assuming that revenues from water charges are redistributed to farmers.
Betting on cotton: Potential payoffs and economic risks of adopting transgenic cotton in West Africa
Creators: name: Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin
name: Horna, J. Daniela
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin
name: Horna, J. Daniela
name: Smale, Melinda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Crop biotechnology
subject: Bt cotton
subject: Economic surplus model
subject: West Africa
subject: Agricultural development
subject: Risk

description: Cotton is the largest source of export receipts in several West African nations where yields are declining and pesticide use is rising. Although there may be payoffs to introducing genetically modified Bt (Bacillus thurigiensis) cotton, limited information is available to predict its potential economic impact and there is uncertainty about its performance. Recognizing these constraints, we use an economic surplus model augmented with stochastic simulation to estimate ex ante the impact and distribution of benefits from Bt cotton. We consider the effects of adoption on both yields and abating crop damage, and offer scenarios depicting the policy options faced by West African stakeholders. The findings indicate that although the total net benefits of adopting Bt cotton may be relatively small for the countries studied, these countries would be worse off without the technology. Our approach, which incorporates variability and uncertainty, may be useful in decisions about investments in crop biotechnology.
Cherenkov Telescope Array sensitivity to branon dark matter models
Creators: name: Aguirre-Santaella, Alejandra
name: Gammaldi, Viviana
name: Sánchez-Conde, Miguel A.
name: Nieto, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the absence of a clear hint of dark matter (DM) signals in the GeV regime so far, heavy, $\mathcal{O}$(TeV) DM candidates are gradually earning more and more attention within the community. Among others, extra-dimensional \textit{brane-world} models may produce thermal DM candidates with masses up to 100 TeV. These heavy DM candidates could be detected with the next generation of very-high-energy gamma-ray observatories such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). In this work, we study the sensitivity of CTA to branon DM via the observation of representative astrophysical DM targets, namely dwarf spheroidal galaxies. In particular, we focus on Draco and Sculptor, two well-known dwarfs visible from the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. For each of these targets, we simulated 300\,h of CTA observations and studied the sensitivity of both CTA-North and CTA-South to branon annihilations using the latest publicly available instrument response functions and most recent analysis tools. We computed annihilation cross section values needed to reach a $5σ$ detection as a function of the branon mass. Additionally, in the absence of a predicted DM signal, we obtained $2σ$ upper limits on the annihilation cross section. These limits lie $1.5-2$ orders of magnitude above the thermal relic cross section value, depending on the considered branon mass. Yet, CTA will allow to exclude a significant portion of the brane tension-mass parameter space in the $0.1-60$ TeV branon mass range, and up to tensions of $\sim 10$ TeV. More importantly, CTA will significantly enlarge the region already excluded by AMS and CMS, and will provide valuable complementary information to future SKA radio observations. We conclude that CTA will possess potential to constrain brane-world models and, more in general, TeV DM candidates.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Matches the JCAP accepted version
Meat demand flexibilities for Tanzania: Implications for the choice of long-term investment
Creators: name: Kaliba, Aloyce R.
name: Kaliba, Aloyce R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: IAIDS
subject: Meat demand
subject: Flexibilities
subject: Two-stage budgeting
subject: Tanzania

description: This study uses the inverse almost ideal demand system (IAIDS) to estimate demand flexibilities for beef, small ruminant (sheep and goat) meat, pork and poultry in Tanzania. Own uncompensated price flexibilities were less than one in absolute value, implying that both direct and indirect induced price effect through a change in total expenditure have little impact on budget shares. Estimated scale flexibilities were all negative, suggesting that increases in income will increase the quantities of meat consumed. Production of small ruminant meat was the most attractive investment compared to other meat commodities.
BANGLADESH FAMINE AT 1974 AND EFFECTS OF CHANGING PAPER MONEY FROM 1947
Creators: name: MD. ABDULLAH YUSUF IMAM
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: After the Partition of Bengal in 1947, in East Bengal, which later became the Eastern Wing of Pakistan union and was renamed to East Pakistan in 1956 to 16th December 1971.
The impact of MRI image quality on statistical and predictive analysis on voxel based morphology
Creators: name: Hoffstaedter, Felix
name: Nieto, Nicolas
name: Eickhoff, Simon
name: Patil, Kaustubh
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024

description: Image Quality of MRI brain scans is strongly influenced by within scanner head movements and the resulting image artifacts alter derived measures like brain volume and cortical thickness. Automated image quality assessment is key to controlling for confounding effects of poor image quality. In this study, we systematically test for the influence of image quality on univariate statistics and machine learning classification. We analyzed group effects of sex/gender on local brain volume and made predictions of sex/gender using logistic regression, while correcting for brain size. From three large publicly available datasets, two age and sex-balanced samples were derived to test the generalizability of the effect for pooled sample sizes of n=760 and n=1094. Results of the Bonferroni corrected t-tests over 3747 gray matter features showed a strong influence of low-quality data on the ability to find significant sex/gender differences for the smaller sample. Increasing sample size and more so image quality showed a stark increase in detecting significant effects in univariate group comparisons. For the classification of sex/gender using logistic regression, both increasing sample size and image quality had a marginal effect on the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve for most datasets and subsamples. Our results suggest a more stringent quality control for univariate approaches than for multivariate classification with a leaning towards higher quality for classical group statistics and bigger sample sizes for machine learning applications in neuroimaging.
Properties and Detection of Spin Nematic Order in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
Creators: name: Podolsky, Daniel
name: Demler, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spin nematic is a state which breaks spin SU(2) symmetry while preserving translational and time reversal symmetries. Spin nematic order can arise naturally from charge fluctuations of a spin stripe state. Focusing on the possible existence of such a state in strongly correlated electron systems, we build a nematic wave function starting from a t-J type model. The nematic is a spin-two operator, and therefore does not couple directly to neutrons. However, we show that neutron scattering and Knight shift experiments can detect the spin anisotropy of electrons moving in a nematic background. We find the mean field phase diagram for the nematic taking into account spin-orbit effects.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures. (v2) References added
The Added Mass Effect and the Higgs Mechanism
Creators: name: Krishnaswami, Govind S.
name: Phatak, Sachin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rigid body accelerated through an inviscid, incompressible fluid appears to gain mass, which is encoded in an added mass tensor. Swimmers, air bubbles, submarines and airships are slowed down by the associated `added mass' force proportional to their acceleration, which is distinct from viscous drag and buoyancy. In particle physics, otherwise massless electrons, quarks, $W$ and $Z$ bosons, moving through the Higgs scalar field acquire masses encoded in a mass matrix. In this expository article we give an introduction to the fluid mechanical added mass effect through examples of potential flows in various dimensions and exploit a correspondence with the Higgs mechanism [introduced in Proc. R. Soc. A471: 20140803 (2015)] to relate this to how the $W$ and $Z$ bosons can get their masses, while leaving the photon massless. The correspondence relates the Higgs scalar field to the fluid, the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field to a constant fluid density and quantum fluctuations around the Higgs condensate to compressional waves in the fluid. The shape of the rigid body encodes the pattern of gauge symmetry breaking through the eigenvalues of the corresponding mass matrices. Possible directions of acceleration of the rigid body are related to directions in the gauge Lie algebra with a `flat' direction in the body corresponding to a massless photon. Moreover, symmetries of the body are related to those of the scalar vacuum manifold. The Higgs boson may be viewed as the analog of a long wavelength fluid mode around an accelerated body.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
A Ricardian analysis of the impact of climate change on African cropland
Creators: name: Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep
name: Mendelsohn, Robert
name: Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep
name: Mendelsohn, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Climate change
subject: Agriculture
subject: Valuation
subject: Africa

description: This study examines the impact of climate change on cropland in Africa, using a Ricardian cross-sectional approach. Relying on farm data from an 11-country survey of over 9500 farmers, annual net revenue is regressed on climate and other variables. The study confirms that current climate affects the net revenues of farms across Africa. Applying these results to possible future climates reveals that dryland farms are especially climate sensitive. Even as early as 2020, climate change could have strong negative impacts on currently dry and hot locations. By 2100, dryland crop net revenues could rise by 51% if future warming is mild and wet but fall by 43% if future climates are hot and dry. The crop net revenues of currently irrigated farms are likely to be least affected.
Thermo-Electric Properties of Quantum Point Contacts
Creators: name: van Houten, H.
name: Molenkamp, L. W.
name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
name: Foxon, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I. Introduction II. Theoretical background (Landauer-Buttiker formalism of thermo-electricity, Quantum point contacts as ideal electron waveguides, Saddle-shaped potential) III. Experiments (Thermopower, Thermal conductance, Peltier effect) IV. Conclusions
description: #4 of a series of 4 legacy reviews on QPC's
Climate change and poverty in Africa: Mapping hotspots of vulnerability
Creators: name: Thornton, Philip K.
name: Jones, Peter G.
name: Owiyo, Tom
name: Kruska, Russell L.
name: Herrero, Mario
name: Orindi, Victor
name: Bhadwal, Suruchi
name: Kristjanson, Patricia
name: Notenbaert, An
name: Bekele, Nigat
name: Omolo, Abisalom
name: Thornton, Philip K.
name: Jones, Peter G.
name: Owiyo, Tom
name: Kruska, Russell L.
name: Herrero, Mario
name: Orindi, Victor
name: Bhadwal, Suruchi
name: Kristjanson, Patricia
name: Notenbaert, An
name: Bekele, Nigat
name: Omolo, Abisalom
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Agricultural system
subject: Vulnerability
subject: Targeting
subject: Impact assessment
subject: Poverty

description: Climate change and increasing climate variability threaten the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), and some of the worst effects on human health and agriculture will be in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in vulnerable regions. The relationships between climate change and the vulnerability of resource-poor croppers and livestock keepers and their resilience to current and future climate variability need to be better understood. This paper describes the generation of information that combines projected climate change in agricultural systems with vulnerability data. The results of the analysis, in terms of vulnerable people particularly at risk for deleterious effects of climate change, are being used for impact assessment, targeting and priority setting, to help identify locations for specific research and adaptation activities. Given the heterogeneity in households’ access to resources, poverty levels and ability to cope, vulnerability assessments need to be done at the sub-national level to help improve the adaptive capacity and coping strategies of highly vulnerable households.