cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Voices in the silence : narratives of disadvantage, social context and school mathematics in post-apartheid South Africa
Creators: name: Swanson, Dalene M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: "Voices in the Silence" is a critical exploration of the construction of disadvantage in school mathematics in social context. It provides a reflexive, narrative account of a pedagogic journey towards understanding the pedagogizing of difference in mathematics classrooms and its realizations as pedagogized disadvantage in and across diverse socio-political, economic, cultural, and pedagogic contexts. The fieldwork mostly occurred within the Cape Province of South Africa, in schooling communities with socio-economic, cultural and historical differences. Research took the form of interviews, discussions and participant observation, in a recent post-apartheid context. In resistance to perpetuating hierarchized, linear or scientistic approaches to research within traditional social sciences and mathematics education, I embrace an arts-based methodology. Through narrative, I engage with socio-political, cultural and pedagogic implications of the social construction of disadvantage in school mathematics discourse and practice. The dissertation, therefore, offers interdisciplinary approaches to critical concerns of inequity and access, calling on the emotive, spiritual, embodied, and personal domains of experience in problematizing the (re)production of disadvantage and certain socio-cultural practices that school mathematics supports. The concept of silence is introduced to interrogate the interstitial/intertextu(r)al places of 'lack' and 'deficit', and competing ideological positions and discourses of power, which inform the pedagogic and lived realities of "disadvantage" in mathematics classrooms within different contexts. "Moments of articulation" within fieldwork define utterances and somatic performances embedded within narrative contexts and their attending discourses, and instigate investigation, deliberation and engagement in analyzing the multiple ways in which disadvantage takes root/route. These signpost where 'voices in the silence', in discourse, context, and the subjectivities they (re)produce, may be recognized, problematized and rearticulated through narrative. This dissertation's major contribution is to open up spaces for dialogue with(in) silence through a reflexive narratizing. Ultimately, "Voices in the Silence" is an invitation to a dialogical pedagogic journey that seeks to provide roots/routes of engagement with the ideals of social justice and an egalitarian society. It attempts to find narrative moments within the difficult terrain of research work and lived experience where constructed and pedagogized disadvantage can be re-imagined and transformed into transcendent pedagogies of empowerment and hope.
title: Comparative study of a bioinspired sound source localization algorithm and a standard beamformer
Creators: name: Jünemann, Philipp
name: Mechtenberg, Malte
name: Schneider, Axel
name: Waßmuth, Joachim
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: This work presents a study that compares the angular accuracy of a binaural bioinspired method with classical delay-and-sum beamforming using linear acoustic arrays with an increasing number of sensors. In addition, this study also focuses on the frequency band dependent angular accuracy of the bioinspired method, as previous work has optimized it only for localizing narrowband sound sources. Therefore, a comparison of the localization accuracy for narrowband and broadband excitatory sounds is presented. This enables conclusions about the potential to reduce resources in terms of sensor array spatial requirements and the number of sensors if a bioinspired system is used.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
Flybys, orbits, splashback: subhalos and the importance of the halo boundary
Creators: name: Diemer, Benedikt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classification of dark matter halos as isolated hosts or subhalos is critical for our understanding of structure formation and the galaxy-halo connection. Most commonly, subhalos are defined to reside inside a spherical overdensity boundary such as the virial radius. The resulting host-subhalo relations depend sensitively on the somewhat arbitrary overdensity threshold, but the impact of this dependence is rarely quantified. The recently proposed splashback radius tends to be larger and to include more subhalos than even the largest spherical overdensity boundaries. We systematically investigate the dependence of the subhalo fraction on the radius definition and show that it can vary by factors of unity between different spherical overdensity definitions. Using splashback radii can yet double the abundance of subhalos compared to the virial definition. We also quantify the abundance of flyby (or backsplash) halos, hosts that used to be subhalos in the past. We show that the majority of these objects are mislabeled satellites that are naturally classified as subhalos when we use the splashback radius. We show that the subhalo fraction can be understood as a universal function of only peak height and the slope of the linear power spectrum. We provide a simple fitting function that captures our simulation results to 20% accuracy across a wide range of halo masses, redshifts, and cosmologies. Finally, we demonstrate that splashback radii significantly change our understanding of satellite and flyby galaxies in the Local Group.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. Minor changes to match the published version
Dynamic correlation functions and Boltzmann Langevin approach for driven one dimensional lattice gas
Creators: name: Pierobon, P.
name: Parmeggiani, A.
name: von Oppen, F.
name: Frey, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of the totally asymmetric exclusion process with open boundaries by phenomenological theories complemented by extensive Monte-Carlo simulations. Upon combining domain wall theory with a kinetic approach known as Boltzmann-Langevin theory we are able to give a complete qualitative picture of the dynamics in the low and high density regime and at the corresponding phase boundary. At the coexistence line between high and low density phases we observe a time scale separation between local density fluctuations and collective domain wall motion, which are well accounted for by the Boltzmann-Langevin and domain wall theory, respectively. We present Monte-Carlo data for the correlation functions and power spectra in the full parameter range of the model.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Survey # 1046
Creators: name: Institut Für Demoskopie Allensbach
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Price changes (1); youth morality (1); kids in school (4); children learning about World War II (1); kids watching television (7); second TV channel (10); TV set ownership (9); community antenna (5); watching TV (2); TV infomercial (2); listening to radio (1); radio advertisements (7); Radio Luxembourg (8); recognizing packages (6); support for Konrad Adenauer's policies (2); army general memorandum (3); defense against Russian attack (1); smoking habits (14); newspaper readership (6); topics discussed (1); army possessing nuclear weapons (2); hot vending machines (2); soaps (31); magazine subscriptions (8); chocolate (1); birthdays (1); activities in past two weeks (1); cards and letters (1); fish eaten (1); going for walks (1); social visits (2); who cooks in household (3); detergents and dishwashing (5); advertisements (4); favorite broom (1); American Echo satellites (2).
Does the disk in the hard state of XTE J1752-223 extend to the innermost stable circular orbit?
Creators: name: Zdziarski, Andrzej
name: De Marco, Barbara
name: Szanecki, Michal
name: Niedzwiecki, Andrzej
name: Markowitz, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accreting black-hole binary XTE J1752--223 was observed in a stable hard state for 25 d by RXTE, yielding a 3--140 keV spectrum of unprecedented statistical quality. Its published model required a single Comptonization spectrum reflecting from a disk close to the innermost stable circular orbit. We studied that model as well as a number of other single-Comptonization models (yielding similarly low inner radii), but found they violate a number of basic physical constraints, e.g., their compactness is much above the maximum allowed by pair equilibrium. We also studied the contemporaneous 0.55--6 keV spectrum from the Swift/XRT and found it well fitted by an absorbed power law and a disk blackbody with the innermost temperature of 0.1 keV. The normalization of the disk blackbody corresponds to an inner radius of $\gtrsim$20 gravitational radii and its temperature, to irradiation of the truncated disk by a hot inner flow. We have also developed a Comptonization/reflection model including the disk irradiation and intrinsic dissipation, but found that it does not yield any satisfactory fits. On the other hand, we found that the $\leq$10 keV band from RXTE is much better fitted by a reflection from a disk with the inner radius $\gtrsim$100 gravitational radii, which model then underpredicts the spectrum at $>$10 keV by $
description: ApJ, published
Additional file 19 of A process for developing a sustainable and scalable approach to community engagement: community dialogue approach for addressing the drivers of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh
Creators: name: King, Rebecca
name: Hicks, Joseph
name: Rassi, Christian
name: Shafique, Muhammad
name: Barua, Deepa
name: Prashanta Bhowmik
name: Das, Mahua
name: Elsey, Helen
name: Questa, Kate
name: Fariza Fieroze
name: Hamade, Prudence
name: Sameena Huque
name: Newell, James
name: Rumana Huque
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 19. Union Parishad Chairman14.04.17. Interview guide for Union Parishad Chairman
Identification and characterization of high order incoherent space charge driven structure resonances in the CERN Proton Synchrotron
Creators: name: Asvesta, Foteini
name: Bartosik, Hannes
name: Gilardoni, Simone
name: Huschauer, Alexander
name: Machida, Shinji
name: Papaphilippou, Yannis
name: Wasef, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space charge is typically one of the performance limitations for the operation of high intensity and high brightness beams in circular accelerators. In the Proton Synchrotron (PS) at CERN, losses are observed for vertical tunes above $Q_y=6.25$, especially for beams with large space charge tune shift. The work presented here shows that this behaviour is associated to structure resonances excited by space charge due to the highly symmetric accelerator lattice of the PS, typical for first generation alternating gradient synchrotrons. Experimental studies demonstrate the dependency of the losses on the beam brightness and the harmonic of the resonance, and simulation studies reveal the incoherent nature of the resonance. Furthermore, the calculation of the Resonance Driving Terms (RDT) generated by the space charge potential shows that the operational working point of the PS is surrounded by multiple space charge driven incoherent resonances. Finally, measurements and simulations on both lattice driven and space charge driven resonances illustrate the different behaviour of the beam loss depending on the source of the resonance excitation and on the beam brightness.
Efficient evolution of unpolarized and polarized parton distributions with QCD-PEGASUS
Creators: name: Vogt, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fortran package QCD-PEGASUS is presented. This program provides fast, flexible and accurate solutions of the evolution equations for unpolarized and polarized parton distributions of hadrons in perturbative QCD. The evolution is performed using the symbolic moment-space solutions on a one-fits-all Mellin inversion contour. User options include the order of the evolution including the next-to-next-to-leading order in the unpolarized case, the type of the evolution including an emulation of brute-force solutions, the evolution with a fixed number n_f of flavours or in the variable-n_f scheme, and the evolution with a renormalization scale unequal to the factorization scale. The initial distributions are needed in a form facilitating the computation of the complex Mellin moments.
description: 36 pages, LaTeX, 2 eps-figures. The program code is included in tarred/gzipped form (file 'pegasus.tar.gz') and can be obtained by downloading the source of this article
D3.2 Digital Transformation and ICT v2.0
Creators: name: Mergel, Ines
name: Schmidt, Carsten
name: Schumann, Anna-Lea
name: Kühler, Justus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This document includes the updated version of the deliverable D3.1 “Digital transformation and ICT” of work package 3 which illustrate the cases selected and their relevance for the LibrarIN project.
Turbulent drag reduction in magnetohydrodynamic and quasi-static magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Verma, Mahendra K.
name: Alam, Shadab
name: Chatterjee, Soumyadeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In hydrodynamic turbulence, the kinetic energy injected at large scales cascades to the inertial range, leading to a constant kinetic energy flux. In contrast, in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, a fraction of kinetic energy is transferred to the magnetic energy. Consequently, for the same kinetic energy injection rate, the kinetic energy flux in MHD turbulence is reduced compared to its hydrodynamic counterpart. This leads to relative weakening of the nonlinear term ($\la | ({\bf u}\cdot \nabla) {\bf u} | \ra$, where ${\bf u}$ is the velocity field) and turbulent drag, but strengthening of the velocity field in MHD turbulence. We verify the above using shell model simulations of hydrodynamic and MHD turbulence. Quasi-static MHD turbulence too exhibits turbulent drag reduction similar to MHD turbulence.
description: To appear in Phys. Plasmas. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1904.11167
Identifying the radiative components responsible for Quasi-Periodic Oscillations of black hole systems
Creators: name: Garg, Akash
name: Misra, Ranjeev
name: Sen, Somasri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the dynamical origin of the variability observed in Galactic Black hole systems, such as quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), are still a matter of debate, insight into the radiative components responsible for such behaviour can be obtained by studying their energy dependent temporal behaviour. In particular, one needs to ascertain which variations of the parameters of the best fit time-averaged spectral components reproduce the observed energy dependent fractional r.m.s and time-lags. However, to obtain meaningful interpretation, the standard spectral component parameters have to be recast to physically relevant ones. Then, the energy dependent temporal variations that their fluctuations will cause, needs to be predicted and compared with observations. In this work, we describe a generic method to do this and apply the technique to the ~ 3-4 Hz QPOs observed in the black hole system GRS 1915+105 as observed by AstroSat where the time-averaged spectra can be represented by emission from a truncated disk and a hot thermal Comptonizing coronae in the inner regions. We find that the QPOs and their harmonic can be explained in terms of correlated local accretion rate variations in the disk, the truncated disk radius, the optical depth and the heating rate of the coronae with time-delays between them. We highlight the potential of such techniques to unravel the radiative process responsible for variability using high quality spectral and temporal data from AstroSat and NICER.
description: 10 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Effects of spin-orbit interaction on superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures: spontaneous electric and spin surface currents
Creators: name: Bobkova, I. V.
name: Barash, Yu. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find proximity-induced spontaneous spin and electric surface currents, at all temperatures below the superconducting T_c, in an isotropic s-wave superconductor deposited with a thin ferromagnetic metal layer with spin-orbit interaction. The currents are carried by Andreev surface states and generated as a joint effect of the spin-orbit interaction and the exchange field. The background spin current arises in the thin layer due to different local spin polarizations of electrons and holes, which have almost opposite velocities in each of the surface states. The spontaneous surface electric current in the superconductor originates in asymmetry of Andreev states with respect to sign reversal of the momentum component parallel to the surface. Conditions for electric and spin currents to show up in the system, significantly differ from each other.
description: 5 pages
title: Threshold based reduction of EMS stimulation artifacts in the electromyogram when stimulation intensity increases
Creators: name: Uhrhan, Katja
name: Jäger, Max
name: Witte, Hartmut
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: electrical muscle stimulation
subject: electromyography
subject: signal processing
subject: 620

description: To investigate muscular strain, it is possible to record an electromyogram (EMG) during electromyostimulation (EMS). However, stimulation artifacts make it difficult to examine evoked compound muscle action potentials (M-waves). The aim of this work was to algorithmically remove stimulation artifacts from the EMG signal when the stimulation intensity increases. For this purpose, EMG signals were recorded on four subjects who underwent a 30-second EMS of the right M. triceps surae. Afterwards we conducted offline signal processing to reduce stimulation artifacts. We implemented a two-stage threshold algorithm, adapted from O'Keeffe et al. (2001), to remove signal segments passing the thresholds in a defined sequence. Here, the thresholds in the first iteration are two constants, while the algorithm uses linearly or exponentially increasing thresholds in the second iteration. After empirically adjusting the threshold parameters, the stimulation artifacts were successfully reduced. This allows further investigations of the M-waves with respect to muscular fatigue.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
Decision points and dilemmas in girls’ schooling and occupational aspirations : female secondary students in Cameroon
Creators: name: Gobina, Euphrates Efosi Wose
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Although contemporary research on gender and education in Africa has thus far focused on girls' access to education, how and why students choose one academic subject over the other has largely gone unexamined. This study attempts to fill the void by inquiring into the experiences and subject choice-making process of 20 girls from different socioeconomic backgrounds in a coeducational secondary school in a quasi-urban town in the South West Province of Cameroon. Through a functional/liberal approach to understanding decision-making, this study draws from status attainment theory, African feminist perspectives on gender, and decision theory and rational choice, to understand the decision-making process of fourth year secondary school girls. Data was collected through participant observation, interviews and a focus group discussion informed by critical feminist ethnographic principles. The study reveals the girls' consciousness of society's low expectations for their success in areas of science and technology, and as a result they enact modes of confronting such challenges. It further discloses that the girls' subject choice decisions are progressive but complex and contradictory. For example, most of the participants described explicit aspirations in seizing opportunities in non-traditional female occupations to enhance their labor market advantage and improve on their future family lives. But these aspirations are tempered with characteristics of the student-personal self. Also revealed in the study, is the major influence gender continues to have on girls' subject choice decisions, which are a function of their socio-cultural modeling both at home and school. This is further determined to be a composite of the socio-economic status of the parents, which was found to dictate the girls' progressive occupational aspirations. The findings have implications for policy makers, curriculum theorists and teachers in Cameroon. Four implications that emerged from this study are the need to: 1) develop equitable education polices; 2) imagine curricula that are grounded in indigenous knowledge and supportive of local culture; 3) apply pedagogical approaches that validate women's ways of knowing; and 4) re-evaluate the economic contributions that women make in small-scale commerce and agricultural production.
title: Development of a high precision electrostatic force balance for measuring quantity of dispensed fluid as a new calibration standard for the becquerel
Creators: name: Schulze, Sven
name: Arumugam, Kumar
name: Schlamminger, Stephan
name: Fitzgerald, Ryan
name: Verkouteren, R.
name: Theska, René
name: Shaw, Gordon
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: The 2019 redefinition of the kilogram not only changes the way mass is defined but also broadens the horizon for a direct realization of other standards. The True Becquerel project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is creating a new paradigm for realization and dissemination of radionuclide activity. Standard Reference Materials for radioactivity are supplied as aqueous solutions of specific radionuclides which are characterized by massic activity in the units becquerel per gram of solution, Bq/g. The new method requires measuring the mass of a few milligrams of dispensed radionuclide liquid. An electrostatic force balance is used, due to its suitability for a milligram mass range. The goal is to measure the mass of dispensed fluid of 1 mg to 5 mg with a relative uncertainty of less than 0.05 %. A description of the balance operation is presented. Results of preliminary measurements with a reference mass indicate relative standard deviations less than 0.5 % for tens of tests and differ 0.54 % or less from an independent measurement of the reference mass.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
title: Konfessionell bedingte Sprache. Die Situation des Slowakischen im 18. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Kowalská, Eva
name: Haarmann, Daniela
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2020

description: In: Daniela Haarmann / Konrad Petrovszky (eds.), Language and Society in 18th Century South Eastern Europe / Sprache und Gesellschaft in Südosteuropa im 18. Jahrhundert, Yearbook of the Society for 18th Century Studies on South Eastern Europe 3 (2020), 67–83.
The WEBT campaign to observe AO 0235+16 in the 2003-2004 observing season
Creators: name: Raiteri, C. M.
name: Villata, M.
name: Ibrahimov, M. A.
name: Larionov, V. M.
name: Kadler, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multiwavelength campaign on the BL Lac object AO 0235+16 has been organized by the WEBT collaboration during the observing seasons 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. Here we report on the results of the first season, which saw the participation of 24 optical and near-IR telescopes and 4 radio telescopes, as well as the first XMM-Newton pointing, which occurred on January 18-19, 2004. Unpublished data from previous epochs were also collected. In the optical and near-IR the source has been very active in the last 3 years, though rather faint most of the time, with noticeable variations of more than a mag in a few days. In contrast, in the radio bands it appears "quiescent" since early 2000. The X-ray spectra obtained by the three EPIC detectors are well fitted by a power law with extra-absorption at z=0.524. No significant variation of the X-ray flux occurred during the pointing. In contrast, contemporaneous dense radio monitoring with the 100 m telescope at Effelsberg shows a ~2-3% flux decrease in 6-7 hours, which, if intrinsic, would imply a brightness temperature well above the Compton limit. We construct the broad-band spectral energy distribution of January 18-19, 2004 with simultaneous radio data from Effelsberg, optical data from the Nordic Optical Telescope, optical-UV data from the Optical Monitor onboard XMM-Newton, and X-ray data by the EPIC instruments. Particular care was taken to correct data for extinction due to both the Milky Way and the z=0.524 absorber. The resulting SED suggests the existence of a bump in the UV spectral region.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures (7 included, 5 separate PNG files), in press for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Quantifying Obesity in Economic Research: How Misleading is the Body Mass Index?
Creators: name: Parks, Joanna C.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Parks, Joanna C.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Obesity
subject: percent body fat (PBF)
subject: body mass index (BMI)
subject: economic costs
subject: measurement error

description: Obesity encapsulates the increased risk of disease and premature death associated with excess fat, but it is usually measured using a simple function of weight and height known as the Body Mass Index (BMI). Economists use the BMI to determine the prevalence of obesity within the population, to estimate the “disease burden” created by obesity, to establish the additional medical spending attributable to obesity, and to measure the current and potential effects of government policy on obesity. Estimates will be biased if the measurement error from using BMI to proxy for obesity is correlated with other covariates. In this paper we use a flexible function of percent body fat and several metabolic factors to construct an obesity index to predict death and disease. We use this index to show that using BMI leads researchers to misattribute obesity-related health outcomes to other factors such as aging, family health history, alcohol consumption, and household income. Moreover, we show how these biases necessarily generate the opposite implications for studies on the causes of obesity. Specifically, using BMI leads researchers to underestimate the effects of aging, family history of diabetes, alcohol consumption, and household income on obesity. We find no significant evidence of measurement error bias associated with smoking or insomnia. We also show that, compared with our obesity index, BMI generates substantially more false negative predictions of diabetes.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/10.
Theory of moiré localized excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers
Creators: name: Ruiz-Tijerina, David A.
name: Soltero, Isaac
name: Mireles, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures exhibit moiré patterns that spatially modulate the electronic structure across the material's plane. For certain material pairs, this modulation acts as a potential landscape with deep, trigonally symmetric wells capable of localizing interlayer excitons, forming periodic arrays of quantum emitters. Here, we study these moiré localized exciton states and their optical properties. By numerically solving the two-body problem for an interacting electron-hole pair confined by a trigonal potential, we compute the localized exciton spectra for different pairs of materials. We derive optical selection rules for the different families of localized states, each belonging to one of the irreducible representations of the potential's symmetry group $C_{3v}$, and numerically estimate their polarization-resolved absorption spectra. We find that the optical response of localized moiré interlayer excitons is dominated by states belonging to the doubly-degenerate $E$ irreducible representation. Our results provide new insights into the optical properties of artificially confined excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors.
description: 6 appendices; 10 figures
The Role of Microenterprises in Economic Growth: A Panel Study of Wisconsin Counties 1977 to 1997
Creators: name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Deller, Steven C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Public Economics

description: In this study I examine the role of microenterprises (firms with between one and four employees) in Wisconsin economic growth. Using a panel of Wisconsin counties from 1977 to 1997 I estimate an expanded Carlino-Mills type model of growth. Results suggest that nearly 50 percent of all businesses in Wisconsin are microenterprises and this share is relatively stable over time. Results also indicate that a higher percentage of businesses classified as microenterprises tend to be associated with counties with lower population levels, slower population growth, but higher levels of employment and income growth. Results also vary by type of industry. These results suggest that care must be taken when promoting microenterprises as a major engine of economic growth: results vary by measure of economic growth as well as type of industry.
Optical and near-infrared observations of the SPT2349-56 proto-cluster core at z = 4.3
Creators: name: Rotermund, K. M.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Phadke, K. A.
name: Hill, R.
name: Pass, E.
name: Aravena, M.
name: Ashby, M. L. N.
name: Babul, A.
name: Béthermin, M.
name: Canning, R.
name: de Breuck, C.
name: Dong, C.
name: Gonzalez, A. H.
name: Hayward, C. C.
name: Jarugula, S.
name: Marrone, D. P.
name: Narayanan, D.
name: Reuter, C.
name: Scott, D.
name: Spilker, J. S.
name: Vieira, J. D.
name: Wang, G.
name: Weiss, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Gemini-S and {\it Spitzer}-IRAC optical-through-near-IR observations in the field of the SPT2349-56 proto-cluster at $z=4.3$. We detect optical/IR counterparts for only nine of the 14 submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) previously identified by ALMA in the core of SPT2349-56. In addition, we detect four $z\sim4$ Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) in the 30 arcsec diameter region surrounding this proto-cluster core. Three of the four LBGs are new systems, while one appears to be a counterpart of one of the nine observed SMGs. We identify a candidate brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) with a stellar mass of $(3.2^{+2.5}_{-1.4})\times10^{11}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$. The stellar masses of the eight other SMGs place them on, above, and below the main sequence of star formation at $z\approx4.5$. The cumulative stellar mass for the SPT2349-56 core is at least $(11.5\pm2.9)\times10^{11}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$, a sizeable fraction of the stellar mass in local BCGs, and close to the universal baryon fraction (0.16) relative to the virial mass of the core ($10^{13}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$). As all 14 of these SMGs are destined to quickly merge, we conclude that the proto-cluster core has already developed a significant stellar mass at this early stage, comparable to $z=1$ BCGs. Importantly, we also find that the SPT2349-56 core structure would be difficult to uncover in optical surveys, with none of the ALMA sources being easily identifiable or constrained through $g,r,$ and $i$ colour-selection in deep optical surveys and only a modest overdensity of LBGs over the extended core structure. SPT2349-56 therefore represents a truly dust-obscured phase of a massive cluster core under formation.
Real-life effectiveness of mepolizumab in severe asthma: a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Elliot Israel,
name: Giorgio Walter Canonica,
name: Guy Brusselle,
name: Shibing Yang,
name: Peter H. Howarth,
name: Amber L. Martin,
name: Maria Koufopoulou,
name: Steven G. Smith,
name: Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho,
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: The efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma in randomized controlled trials is well established. Following approval of mepolizumab as add-on therapy for severe eosinophilic asthma in multiple regions worldwide, it is now important to determine its impact in real-world settings in which patients are not subject to stringent eligibility criteria. This systematic literature review assessed published evidence of clinical outcomes, safety, and healthcare resource use among patients with severe asthma receiving mepolizumab in real-world settings. Searches were conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, and MEDLINE In-Process via Ovid. Eligible studies were observational, and enrolled ≥10 patients with asthma who received mepolizumab 100 mg subcutaneously. Data extracted included annualized exacerbation rate, mean daily oral corticosteroid (OCS) dose, proportion of patients using OCS, several measures of lung function, patient-reported asthma control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), safety, and economic burden. Twenty-three articles (22 unique studies; 2,040 patients with severe asthma on mepolizumab) were identified. Mepolizumab use was associated with a reduction in annualized exacerbation rates (requiring OCS) of 54–97% (p Findings show that patients with severe asthma consistently demonstrate clinically relevant benefits with mepolizumab treatment in a real-world setting. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at www.tandfonline.com/ijas .
On the Microeconomics of Diversification under Uncertainty and Learning
Creators: name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Barham, Bradford L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper investigates the microeconomics of diversification, based on a two-period model of an owner-managed firm facing uncertainty. The analysis utilizes a general state-contingent representation of uncertainty and learning. Economies of diversification are defined based on a certainty equivalent, which has three components: expected profit, the risk premium (measuring the cost of risk aversion), and the value of information associated with learning. The influence of scale effects, “trans-ray concavity” effects, and income effects on economies of diversification are examined in detail. We argue that, while scope economies and risk aversion can provide general incentives for diversification, information and learning can have the opposite effect. By integrating scope, risk, and the role of information, our analysis provides new insights on existing economic tradeoffs between firm diversification and specialization.
On Microeconomic Efficiency and Entrepreneurship under Bounded Rationality
Creators: name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Barham, Bradford L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: We present a dynamic model of economic behavior of an owner-operated firm under bounded rationality, and develop the implications for the assessment of economic efficiency and the understanding of entrepreneurship. Under bounded rationality, information about technology and market conditions is not perfectly known, creating the possibility for learning. Uncertainty is represented using a general state-contingent approach. Efficiency analysis is explored using a certainty equivalent measure, which is the sum of three parts: expected net income, a conditional value of information, and a risk premium (measuring the implicit cost of private risk bearing). The analysis yields critical insights about the role of learning in technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, and their implications for an improved understanding of entrepreneurship. These insights also provide micro-theoretic grounding to some classic debates (e.g., Leibenstein and Stigler) about what contributes to efficiency and technological progress in an economy.
Women’s Power, Conditional Cash Transfers and Schooling in Nicaragua
Creators: name: Gitter, Seth R.
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Gitter, Seth R.
name: Barham, Bradford L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Development

description: The Red de Protección Social (RPS) in Nicaragua is one of a growing number of conditional cash transfer programs that pay households cash stipends in exchange for school attendance and regular visits to health clinics. A key feature of these programs is that the cash is given to the woman head of household. The rationale stems from previous research in the developing world that transfers to women are more likely to be spent on health, nutrition, and education of children and thus to reinforce the goals of these programs. One concern is that less powerful women may not be as impacted by program funds, because males in those household will decrease their contributions in response to the transfers. Utilizing randomized experimental data from RPS, we test for heterogeneous program impacts on school enrollment and spending based on a woman’s power as proxied by her education relative to her husband . Our results confirm previous findings that generally more household resources are devoted toward children when women are more powerful; however, when women’s power greatly exceeds her husband’s additional female power lowers school enrollment., Additionally we find that RPS’ impacts on schooling are substantially larger than expected income effects estimated from the control group, although we do not find evidence that female power alters RPS impacts on school enrollment. In terms of spending effects, RPS increased food and education expenditures in all households, yet this impact is attributable mostly to income effects. Finally, we find RPS had non-income impacts on milk expenditures particularly for less powerful women.
Localization and universality of eigenvectors in directed random graphs
Creators: name: Metz, Fernando L.
name: Neri, Izaak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the spectral properties of random graphs have been a long-standing focus of network theory, the properties of right eigenvectors of directed graphs have so far eluded an exact analytic treatment. We present a general theory for the statistics of the right eigenvector components in directed random graphs with a prescribed degree distribution and with randomly weighted links. We obtain exact analytic expressions for the inverse participation ratio and show that right eigenvectors of directed random graphs with a small average degree are localized. Remarkably, if the fourth moment of the degree distribution is finite, then the critical mean degree of the localization transition is independent of the degree fluctuations, which is different from localization in undirected graphs that is governed by degree fluctuations. We also show that in the high connectivity limit the distribution of the right eigenvector components is solely determined by the degree fluctuations. For delocalized eigenvectors, we recover the universal results from standard random matrix theory that are independent of the degree distribution, while for localized eigenvectors the eigenvector distribution depends on the degree distribution.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 25 pages Supplemental Material
Smoothing Income Against Crop Flood Losses in Amazonia: Rain Forest or Rivers as a Safety Net
Creators: name: Takasaki, Yoshito
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Coomes, Oliver T.
name: Takasaki, Yoshito
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Coomes, Oliver T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
International Development

description: This article examines the role of ex post labor supply in smoothing income in response to crop losses caused by large floods among riverine households in the Peruvian Amazon, where rich environmental endowments permit a variety of resource extractive activities and coping responses. The paper finds that households respond to crop losses primarily by intensifying fishing effort not by relying on gathering of non-timber forest products, hunting, or asset liquidation. This ex post labor adjustment helps to smooth total income against small crop losses but less well against large crop losses. Both relatively non-poor households with better fishing capital and poor young households with a physical labor advantage employ this natural insurance in rivers.
Additional file 18 of A process for developing a sustainable and scalable approach to community engagement: community dialogue approach for addressing the drivers of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh
Creators: name: King, Rebecca
name: Hicks, Joseph
name: Rassi, Christian
name: Shafique, Muhammad
name: Barua, Deepa
name: Prashanta Bhowmik
name: Das, Mahua
name: Elsey, Helen
name: Questa, Kate
name: Fariza Fieroze
name: Hamade, Prudence
name: Sameena Huque
name: Newell, James
name: Rumana Huque
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 18. CSG 14.04.17. Focus group discussion guide for community support group
Spatial Externalities in Agriculture: Empirical Analysis, Statistical Identification, and Policy Implications
Creators: name: Lewis, David J.
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Zimmerer, Karl S.
name: Lewis, David J.
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Zimmerer, Karl S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Spatial externalities can affect economic welfare and landscape pattern by linking farm returns on adjoining parcels of land. While policy can be informed by research that documents spatial externalities, statistically quantifying the presence of externalities from landscape pattern is insufficient for policy guidance unless the underlying cause of the externality can be identified as positive or negative. This article provides a springboard for empirical research by examining the underlying structure, social-environmental interactions, and statistical identification strategies for the analysis and quantification of agricultural spatial externalities that are derived from observations of landscape change. The potential for original policy treatments of agricultural spatial externalities in development and environment outcomes are highlighted.
Lattice Gauge Fields Topology Uncovered by Quaternionic sigma-model Embedding
Creators: name: Gubarev, F. V.
name: Morozov, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate SU(2) gauge fields topology using new approach, which exploits the well known connection between SU(2) gauge theory and quaternionic projective sigma-models and allows to formulate the topological charge density entirely in terms of sigma-model fields. The method is studied in details and for thermalized vacuum configurations is shown to be compatible with overlap-based definition. We confirm that the topological charge is distributed in localized four dimensional regions which, however, are not compatible with instantons. Topological density bulk distribution is investigated at different lattice spacings and is shown to possess some universal properties.
description: revtex4, 19 pages (24 ps figures included); replaced to match the published version, to appear in PRD; minor changes, references added
From the ground up: how one librarian can build and sustain an active research data management community
Creators: name: Figshare, Team
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461099
subject: Library and information studies not elsewhere classified

description: A Figshare Case Study with De Montfort University, focusing on how a small Library team was able to maximise resources and increase the adoption of research data management best practices through innovative self serve training and targeted engagement strategies.
D3.8 Living labs for co-creation and co-innovation v2.0
Creators: name: Fuglsang, Lars
name: Vorre Hansen, Anne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: living labs
co-creation
co-innovation
public service
library innovation

description: Literature review of the literature about living labs and other experimental and participative methods in public libraries, and illustration of cases selected and their relevance for LibrarIN, informing the tracker and the databases of WP5.