cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
General-relativistic instability in rapidly accreting supermassive stars: the impact of rotation
Creators: name: Haemmerlé, Lionel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive stars (SMSs) collapsing via the general-relativistic (GR) instability are invoked as the possible progenitors of supermassive black holes. Their mass and angular momentum at the onset of the instability are key in many respects, in particular regarding the possibility for observational signatures of direct collapse. Here, we study the stability of rotating, rapidly accreting SMSs against GR and derive the properties of these stars at death. On the basis of hylotropic structures, relevant for rapidly accreting SMSs, we define rotation profiles under the assumption of local angular momentum conservation in radiative regions, which allows for differential rotation. We find that rotation favours the stability of rapidly accreting SMSs as soon as the accreted angular momentum represents a fraction f > 0.1% of the Keplerian angular momentum. For f = 0.3%-0.5% the maximum masses consistent with GR stability are increased by an order of magnitude compared to the non-rotating case. For f = 1%, the GR instability cannot be reached if the stellar mass does not exceed 10^7-10^8 Msun. These results imply that, like in the non-rotating case, the final masses of the progenitors of direct collapse black holes range in distinct intervals depending on the scenario considered: 10^5 Msun < M < 10^6 Msun for primordial atomically cooled haloes; 10^6 Msun < M < 10^9 Msun for metal-rich galaxy mergers. The models suggest that the centrifugal barrier is inefficient to prevent the direct formation of a supermassive black hole at the collapse of a SMS. Moreover, the conditions of galaxy mergers appear as more favorable than those of atomically cooled haloes for detectable gravitational wave emission and ultra-long gamma-ray bursts at black hole formation.
The Investigation on Thin SiO2 Passivation Layer Fabricated by Inline Process for Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Tang, N.
name: Qian, H.
name: Xi, X.
name: Gao, F.
name: Wu, W.
name: Chen, L.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Jiang, Y.
name: Zhu, H.
name: Yang, J.
name: Chen, R.
name: Ji, J.
name: Shi, Z.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1838-1841
description: In this paper, it is presented that the inline oxidation utilizing inline diffusion equipment is an extremely
promising substitute of classical quartz tube furnace for fast and large scale thin SiO2 film growth for solar cells. The
investigation on the inline oxidation process and the characteristics of this oxide layer are shown here. The results reveal
that the thin SiO2 passivation layer fabricated by inline oxidation has a suitable thickness (~15nm) and provides
sufficient passivation for phosphorus-doped emitters, which has a very high thermal stability and little interference on
the antireflection system. The similar results in minority carrier lifetime of the wafer with inline thermal oxidation and
tube thermal oxidation are shown, both about 32 μs for P-type Cz wafers, and 170 μs with SiNx layer deposited on it.
And after rapid thermal process, the eff reach 243 μs and 262 μs, respectively for the wafers utilizing these two
oxidation processes. Using the inline thermal thin SiO2/SiNx stack layer on the front surface side combined with
conventional Al-BSF rear side, the cell obtained a high efficiency of 18.1%, while the efficiency was only 17.5% of cell
with single SiNx layer. On the other hand, the Jsc and Voc of the cell were also increased by a value of 1.02 mA/cm2 and
7.7 mV, respectively.
Natural Language Understanding for Argumentative Dialogue Systems in the Opinion Building Domain
Creators: name: Abro, Waheed Ahmed
name: Aicher, Annalena
name: Rach, Niklas
name: Ultes, Stefan
name: Minker, Wolfgang
name: Qi, Guilin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a natural language understanding (NLU) framework for argumentative dialogue systems in the information-seeking and opinion building domain. The proposed framework consists of two sub-models, namely intent classifier and argument similarity. Intent classifier model stacks BiLSTM with attention mechanism on top of the pre-trained BERT model and fine-tune the model for recognizing the user intent, whereas the argument similarity model employs BERT+BiLSTM for identifying system arguments the user refers to in his or her natural language utterances. Our model is evaluated in an argumentative dialogue system that engages the user to inform him-/herself about a controversial topic by exploring pro and con arguments and build his/her opinion towards the topic. In order to evaluate the proposed approach, we collect user utterances for the interaction with the respective system labeling intent and referenced argument in an extensive online study. The data collection includes multiple topics and two different user types (native English speakers from the UK and non-native English speakers from China). Additionally, we evaluate the proposed intent classifier and argument similarity models separately on the publicly available Banking77 and STS benchmark datasets. The evaluation indicates a clear advantage of the utilized techniques over baseline approaches on several datasets, as well as the robustness of the proposed approach against new topics and different language proficiency as well as the cultural background of the user. Furthermore, results show that our intent classifier model outperforms DIET, DistillBERT, and BERT fine-tuned models in few-shot setups (i.e., with 10, 20, or 30 labeled examples per intent) and full data setup.
Exactly solvable PT-symmetric Hamiltonian having no Hermitian counterpart
Creators: name: Bender, Carl M.
name: Mannheim, Philip D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper Bender and Mannheim showed that the unequal-frequency fourth-order derivative Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator model has a realization in which the energy eigenvalues are real and bounded below, the Hilbert-space inner product is positive definite, and time evolution is unitary. Central to that analysis was the recognition that the Hamiltonian $H_{\rm PU}$ of the model is PT symmetric. This Hamiltonian was mapped to a conventional Dirac-Hermitian Hamiltonian via a similarity transformation whose form was found exactly. The present paper explores the equal-frequency limit of the same model. It is shown that in this limit the similarity transform that was used for the unequal-frequency case becomes singular and that $H_{\rm PU}$ becomes a Jordan-block operator, which is nondiagonalizable and has fewer energy eigenstates than eigenvalues. Such a Hamiltonian has no Hermitian counterpart. Thus, the equal-frequency PT theory emerges as a distinct realization of quantum mechanics. The quantum mechanics associated with this Jordan-block Hamiltonian can be treated exactly. It is shown that the Hilbert space is complete with a set of nonstationary solutions to the Schrödinger equation replacing the missing stationary ones. These nonstationary states are needed to establish that the Jordan-block Hamiltonian of the equal-frequency Pais-Uhlenbeck model generates unitary time evolution.
description: 39 pages, 0 figures
The Quantum de Laval Nozzle: stability and quantum dynamics of sonic horizons in a toroidally trapped Bose gas containing a superflow
Creators: name: Jain, P.
name: Bradley, A. S.
name: Gardiner, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an experimentally realizable system containing stable black hole-white hole acoustic horizons in toroidally trapped Bose-Einstein condensates - the quantum de Laval nozzle. We numerically obtain stationary flow configurations and assess their stability using Bogoliubov theory, finding both in hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic regimes there exist dynamically unstable regions associated with the creation of positive and negative energy quasiparticle pairs in analogy with the gravitational Hawking effect. The dynamical instability takes the form of a two mode squeezing interaction between resonant pairs of Bogoliubov modes. We study the evolution of dynamically unstable flows using the truncated Wigner method, which confirms the two mode squeezed state picture of the analogue Hawking effect for low winding number.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
On the Connection of Anisotropic Conductivity to Tip Induced Space Charge Layers in Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of p-doped GaAs
Creators: name: Loth, S.
name: Wenderoth, M.
name: Ulbrich, R. G.
name: Malzer, S.
name: Döhler, G. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic properties of shallow acceptors in p-doped GaAs{110} are investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy at low temperature. Shallow acceptors are known to exhibit distinct triangular contrasts in STM images for certain bias voltages. Spatially resolved I(V)-spectroscopy is performed to identify their energetic origin and behavior. A crucial parameter - the STM tip's work function - is determined experimentally. The voltage dependent potential configuration and band bending situation is derived. Ways to validate the calculations with the experiment are discussed. Differential conductivity maps reveal that the triangular contrasts are only observed with a depletion layer present under the STM tip. The tunnel process leading to the anisotropic contrasts calls for electrons to tunnel through vacuum gap and a finite region in the semiconductor.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 3 of Evidence for the effects of decommissioning man-made structures on marine ecosystems globally: a systematic map protocol
Creators: name: Lemasson, Anaëlle J.
name: Knights, Antony M.
name: Thompson, Murray
name: Lessin, Gennadi
name: Beaumont, Nicola
name: Pascoe, Christine
name: Queirós, Ana M.
name: McNeill, Louise
name: Schratzberger, Michaela
name: Somerfield, Paul J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Decision trees for screen 1 and screen 2.
An MCMC Fitting Method for Triaxial Dark Matter Haloes
Creators: name: Corless, Virginia L.
name: King, Lindsay J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the 3D distribution of mass on galaxy cluster scales is a crucial test of the LCDM model, providing constraints on the behaviour of dark matter. Recent work investigating mass distributions of individual galaxy clusters (e.g. Abell 1689) using weak and strong gravitational lensing has revealed potential inconsistencies between the predictions of structure formation models relating halo mass to concentration and those relationships as measured in massive clusters. However, such analyses employ simple spherical halo models while a growing body of work indicates that triaxial 3D halo structure is both common and important in parameter estimates. The very strong assumptions about the symmetry of the lensing halo implied with circular or perturbative elliptical NFW models are not physically motivated and lead to incorrect parameter estimates with significantly underestimated error bars. We here introduce a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to fit fully triaxial models to weak lensing data that gives parameter and error estimates that fully incorporate the true uncertainty present in nature. Applying the MCMC triaxial fitting method to a population of NFW triaxial lenses drawn from the shape distribution of structure formation simulations, we find that including triaxiality cannot explain a population of massive, highly concentrated clusters within the framework of LCDM, but easily explains rare cases of apparently massive, highly concentrated, very efficient lensing clusters. Our MCMC triaxial NFW fitting method is easily expandable to include constraints from additional data types, and its application returns model parameters and errors that more accurately capture the true (and limited) extent of our knowledge of the structure of galaxy cluster lenses. (abridged)
description: 18 pages, 15 figures. Updated to match published version
MARVEL D5.5: Technical evaluation and progress against benchmarks – final version
Creators: name: Tomás Pariente
name: Iván Martínez
name: Sergio Salmerón
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: benchmarking
evaluation
smart cities
E2F2C
multimodal

description: This deliverable demonstrates in detail the technical evaluation and progress against benchmarks. The benchmarking strategy, initially defined in WP1 and refined within the scope of the MARVEL deliverable D5.2, is outlined. This document describes how the benchmarking is implemented for the components and all the end-to-end scenarios within the R2 phase of the MARVEL project. In the case of component benchmarking, the specific benchmarking of each component developed in MARVEL has been updated with respect to D5.2 or introduced for the new components delivered since then. The end-to-end benchmarking focuses on the evaluation in terms of performance metrics (mainly latency) within the context of the ten use cases across the three MARVEL pilots
Magnetocaloric effect in the frustrated square lattice J1-J2 model
Creators: name: Schmidt, B.
name: Thalmeier, P.
name: Shannon, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the magnetocaloric properties of the two-dimensional frustrated J1-J2 model on a square lattice. This model describes well the magnetic behavior of two classes of quasi-two-dimensional S = 1/2 vanadates, namely the Li2VOXO4 (X = Si, Ge) and AA'VO(PO4)2 (A, A' = Pb, Zn, Sr, Ba) compounds. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) consists in the adiabatic temperature change upon changing the external magnetic field. In frustrated systems, the MCE can be enhanced close to the saturation field because of massive degeneracies among low lying excitations. We discuss results for the MCE in the two distinct antiferromagnetic regimes of the phase diagram. Numerical finite temperature Lanczos as well as analytical methods based on the spin wave expansion are employed and results are compared. We give explicit values for the saturation fields of the vanadium compounds. We predict that at subcritical fields there is first a (positive) maximum followed by sign change of the MCE, characteristic of all magnetically ordered phases.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B; slightly extended Appendix B; REVTeX4, 21 pages, 18 figures
Low-scale Gaugino Mass Unification
Creators: name: Endo, Motoi
name: Yoshioka, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a new class of scenarios with the gaugino mass unification at the weak scale. The general condition is first derived for the unification to occur. Among the general cases, a particular attention is drawn to the mirage gauge mediation where the low-energy mass spectrum is governed by the mirage of unified gauge coupling which is seen by low-energy observers. The gaugino masses have natural and stable low-scale unification. The mass parameters of scalar quarks and leptons are given by gauge couplings but exhibit no large mass hierarchy. They are non-universal even when mediated at the gauge coupling unification scale. In addition, the gravitino is rather heavy and not the lightest superparticle. These facts are in contrast to existing gauge and mirage mediation models. We also present several explicit models for dynamically realizing the TeV-scale unification.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure, references added
SiOx(C)/SiNx Dual-Layer Anti-Reflectance Film Coating for Improved Cell Efficiency
Creators: name: Zhou, C.
name: Zhou, Z.
name: Li, T.
name: Wang, W.
name: Zhao, Z.
name: Li, L.
name: Tang, T.
name: Diao, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1663-1666
description: Light-induced plating (LIP), in which the current driving the metal reduction process is derived from illuminated solar cells, is an attractive technique for solar cell metallization because of its potential simplicity. However, applying the LIP techniques on standard acidic-textured multicrystalline silicon wafers with a silicon nitride-coated surface presents a challenge. The use of a spray-on carbon-doped non-stoichiometric silicon oxide [SiOx(C)] dielectric
film before nickel and silver plating can greatly reduce background plating while helping decrease the reflectance on the front of silicon solar cells. The sprayed dielectric films have low refractive indices of 1.3–1.4, depending on the annealing temperature. Simulation studies show that the SiOx(C)/SiNx dual-layer anti-reflective coating has a lower weighted reflectance against an AM 1.5 G spectrum compared with the SiNx single coating. Finally, the performance of the laserdoped solar cells with a standard SiNx as an anti-reflectance coating were compared with those with the SiOx(C)/SiNx double-layer stack. An average efficiency of 17.6% on a large, A-grade, p-type, multicrystalline silicon substrate was achieved.
Optimal potentials for temperature ratchets
Creators: name: Berger, Florian
name: Schmiedl, Tim
name: Seifert, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a spatially periodic temperature profile, directed transport of an overdamped Brownian particle can be induced along a periodic potential. With a load force applied to the particle, this setup can perform as a heat engine. For a given load, the optimal potential maximizes the current and thus the power output of the heat engine. We calculate the optimal potential for different temperature profiles and show that in the limit of a periodic piecewise constant temperature profile alternating between two temperatures, the optimal potential leads to a divergent current. This divergence, being an effect of both the overdamped limit and the infinite temperature gradient at the interface, would be cut off in any real experiment.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Decay of massive scalar hair in the background of a dilaton gravity black hole
Creators: name: Rogatko, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We invesigate analytically both the intermediate and late-time behaviour of the massive scalar field in the background of static spherically symmetric black hole solution in dilaton gravity with arbitrary coupling constant. The intermediate asymptotic behaviour of scalar field depends on the field's parameter mass as well as the multiple number l. On its turn, the late-time behaviour has the power law decay rate independent on coupling constant in the theory under consideration.
description: 6 pages, RevTex, to be published in Phys.Rev.D15
Tractable robust MPC design based on nominal predictions
Creators: name: Alvarado, Ignacio
name: Krupa, Pablo
name: Limon, Daniel
name: Alamo, Teodoro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Many popular approaches in the field of robust model predictive control (MPC) are based on nominal predictions. This paper presents a novel formulation of this class of controller with proven input-to-state stability and robust constraint satisfaction. Its advantages are: (i) the design of its main ingredients are tractable for medium to large-sized systems, (ii) the terminal set does not need to be robust with respect to all the possible system uncertainties, but only for a reduced set that can be made arbitrarily small, thus facilitating its design and implementation, (iii) under certain conditions the terminal set can be taken as a positive invariant set of the nominal system, allowing us to use a terminal equality constraint, which facilitates its application to large-scale systems, and (iv) the complexity of its optimization problem is comparable to the non-robust MPC variant. We show numerical closed-loop results of its application to a multivariable chemical plant and compare it against other robust MPC formulations.
description: Accepted version of article in Journal of Process Control (13 pages, 25 figures)
Additional file 5 of Evidence for the effects of decommissioning man-made structures on marine ecosystems globally: a systematic map protocol
Creators: name: Lemasson, Anaëlle J.
name: Knights, Antony M.
name: Thompson, Murray
name: Lessin, Gennadi
name: Beaumont, Nicola
name: Pascoe, Christine
name: Queirós, Ana M.
name: McNeill, Louise
name: Schratzberger, Michaela
name: Somerfield, Paul J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Example of the meta-data extracted from a relevant study and coded using the chosen fields.
The Influence of the Reactive Power Service on the PV System Energy and Economic Yield: Case Study of Feed-in Tariff and Investment
Creators: name: Brecl, K.
name: Topic, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4047-4049
description: The reactive power service will be sooner or later required or is already obligatory for new gridconnected
PV systems in some European countries. Since the reactive energy produced by the PV system is not
reimbursed we investigate the influence of the reactive power service on the system yield and internal rate of return.
The calculations are presented on a 17.5 kW PV system in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The analysis showed that energy
losses due to the reactive power service at a power factor of 0.8 are below 1 % and therefore have marginal influence
on the PV system profitability. Economically there is no reason to oversize the inverter to support the grid with the
reactive power.
Additional file 6 of Evidence for the effects of decommissioning man-made structures on marine ecosystems globally: a systematic map protocol
Creators: name: Lemasson, Anaëlle J.
name: Knights, Antony M.
name: Thompson, Murray
name: Lessin, Gennadi
name: Beaumont, Nicola
name: Pascoe, Christine
name: Queirós, Ana M.
name: McNeill, Louise
name: Schratzberger, Michaela
name: Somerfield, Paul J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: List of stakeholders involved in the project and who advised on the map.
Web-GIS Platform
Creators: name: Aristotelio Panepistimio Thessalonikis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Web-GIS platform (W-GIS). Application of the methodologies/modules to specific Case Studies via the web-GISplatform. With the aim of demonstrating the versatility/efficiency of methodologies/tools irrespective of geographical,spatial and/or social factors, Case Studies with different characteristics will be defined (e.g., different country, differentcritical planning parameters, such as the planning scale (national, regional or local); different renewable energy sourceexploitation). The required spatial data will be collected, the methodologies/modules on enhancing public participationwill be applied to specific public target groups and, finally, GIS tools including the web-GIS and decision makingmethods will be applied for the sustainable planning of various renewable energy technologies
Observing the Dark Scalar Doublet and its Impact on the Standard-Model Higgs Boson at Colliders
Creators: name: Cao, Qing-Hong
name: Ma, Ernest
name: Rajasekaran, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the Standard Model of particle interactions is extended to include a second scalar doublet $[H^{+},(H^{0}+iA^{0})/\sqrt{2}]$, which is odd under an unbroken Z_{2} discrete symmetry, it may be called the $dark$ scalar doublet, because its lightest neutral member, say H^{0}, is one posssible component for the dark matter of the Universe. We discuss the general phenomenology of the four particles of this doublet, without assuming that H^{0} is the dominant source of dark matter. We also consider the impact of this $dark$ scalar doublet on the phenomenology of the SM Higgs boson h.
description: PRD version
Design of PV Hybrid Systems: Energy and Power Requirements –The Unknown Input Variables
Creators: name: Wachenfeld, V.
name: Rothert, M.
name: Bukvic-Schäfer, A.-S.
name: Lange, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3868-3870
description: Lower PV module prices and system technology
costs have lead to a significant improvement in the
efficiency of PV hybrid systems. At the same time, the
cost of diesel fuel has increased dramatically. As a result,
PV hybrid systems have been attracting more and more
customers over the years and are experiencing strong
sales growth. With potential that is still far from
exhausted, this market offers enormous growth
opportunities. To take full advantage of these opportunities, it is
important to continue reducing the prices of PV hybrid
systems while at the same time ensuring their reliability
and efficiency over the long term. Lower prices and
greater reliability and efficiency can only be achieved
with hybrid systems that are designed properly. Lack of
knowledge regarding load conditions often results in
oversized system designs. This leads to increased
investment costs, decreased system efficiency, and
significantly higher operating costs. On the other hand,
undersized systems may suffer from reduced supply
stability due to overloading under peak loads.
Given the number of suitable tools available such as
design and simulation programs, the problem does not lie
with the actual system design. The most common design
errors arise from not knowing the amount of energy
consumption and, more frequently, incorrectly estimating
the power demand.
Energy and power measurements are rarely available.
Measuring energy consumption over a few days,
however, is a relatively easy task. Measuring the load
profile, is a much more time-consuming task that requires
accurate measuring equipment. Moreover, if there is no
supply of electrical energy, the load profile cannot be
measured at all.
In the following, a method will be described that
allows the load profile to be determined with sufficient
accuracy and without complicated measurements. In
many cases the system power can be estimated accurately
based solely on annual or daily energy consumption
using the method described here.
The Morse Index of Wente Tori
Creators: name: Rossman, Wayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A10; 53A35

description: We find various lower and upper bounds for the index of Wente tori that contain a continuous family of planar principal curves. We then prove a result that gives an algorithm for computing the index sharply.
Cosmic Star-Formation History Measured at 1.4 GHz
Creators: name: Matthews, A. M.
name: Condon, J. J.
name: Cotton, W. D.
name: Mauch, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We matched the 1.4 GHz local luminosity functions of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and active galactic nuclei to the 1.4 GHz differential source counts from $0.25 \ μ\mathrm{Jy}$ to 25 Jy using combinations of luminosity and density evolution. We present the most robust and complete local far-infrared (FIR)/radio luminosity correlation to date in a volume-limited sample of $\approx 4.3 \times 10^3$ nearby SFGs, finding that it is very tight but distinctly sub-linear: $L_\mathrm{FIR} \propto L_\mathrm{1.4\,GHz}^{0.85}$. If the local FIR/radio correlation does not evolve, the evolving 1.4 GHz luminosity function of SFGs yields the evolving star-formation rate density (SFRD) $ψ(M_\odot \ \mathrm{year}^{-1} \ \mathrm{Mpc}^{-3}$) as a function of time since the big bang. The SFRD measured at 1.4 GHz grows rapidly at early times, peaks at "cosmic noon" when $t \approx 3 \ \mathrm{Gyr}$ and $z \approx 2$, and subsequently decays with an $e$-folding time scale $τ= 3.2 \ \mathrm{Gyr}$. This evolution is similar to, but somewhat stronger than, SFRD evolution estimated from UV and FIR data.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Collective Implementation of the Take-Back and Recycling Obligation for End-of-Life PV Panels: Experience of the European System
Creators: name: Clyncke, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV - a Major Electricity Source
Sustainability Aspects

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4359-4361
description: Despite the fact that the first flow of end-of-life (EoL) PV panels is expected by 2020, by 2014
producers and manufacturers will have to comply with the different national requirements for take-back and recycling
PV modules on the markets where they are active imposed by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Directive. PV
CYCLE, founded in 2007, implements the PV industry’s commitment of collecting and recycling their EoL PV
panels. As a non for profit organization, PV CYCLE was a proactive initiative of the manufacturers to create a pan-
European collection system to reduce administrative burdens and to make use of economies of scale. Con-sidering the
change in the legal framework of the EoL PV panels, the PV CYCLE’s aim is to adapt the scheme to be WEEE
compliant in its complete geographical scope. Today, with more than 230 companies’ member of PV CYCLE, it
represents more than 90% of the European PV market.
Kinetics of the initial stage of immunoagglutionation studied with the scanning flow cytometer
Creators: name: Surovtsev, Ivan V.
name: Yurkin, Maxim A.
name: Shvalov, Alexander N.
name: Nekrasov, Vyacheslav M.
name: Sivolobova, Galina F.
name: Grazhdantseva, Antonina A.
name: Maltsev, Valeri P.
name: Chernyshev, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of a scanning flow cytometer (SFC) to study the evolution of monomers, dimers and higher multimers of latex particles at the initial stage of the immunoagglutination is described. The SFC can measure the light-scattering pattern (indicatrix) of an individual particle over an angular range of 10-60 deg. A comparison of the experimentally measured and theoretically calculated indicatrices allows one to discriminate different types of latex particles (i.e. monomers, dimers, etc.) and, therefore, to study the evolution of immunoagglutination process. Validity of the approach was verified by simultaneous measurements of light-scattering patterns and fluorescence from individual polymer particles. Immunoagglutination was initiated by mixing bovine serum albumin (BSA)-covered latex particles (of 1.8 um in diameter) with anti-BSA IgG. The analysis of experimental data was performed on the basis of a mathematical model of diffusion-limited immunoagglutination aggregation with a steric factor. The steric factor was determined by the size and the number of binding sites on the surface of a latex particle. The obtained data are in good agreement with the proposed mathematical modeling.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Case Studies
Creators: name: Instituto de Ciencias Sociais da Universida de Lisboa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Case studies (CS) of social innovation and entrepreneurship in the energy sector. This task consists of theidentification of relevant cases of social innovation regarding renewable energy (novel more sustainable solutionsto problems such as community opposition, landscape impacts, underdeveloped RE generation potential) throughdocument analysis and interviews with stakeholders. Scientific paper on case studies of socialinnovation and entrepreneurship in the energy sector will be published. (D.5.1)
Characterizing quantum ensemble using geometric measure of quantum coherence
Creators: name: Muthuganesan, R.
name: Chandrasekar, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characterization of the quantum ensemble is a fundamental issue in quantum information theory and foundations. The ensemble is also useful for various quantum information processing. To characterize the quantum ensemble, in this article, we generalize the coherence measure of a state to the quantum ensemble. Exploiting the fidelity and affinity between the ensemble, we propose a quantumness quantifier for the quantum ensemble. It is shown that the proposed quantifier satisfies the necessary axioms of a bonafide measure of quantumness. Finally, we compute the quantumness of a few well-known ensembles.
description: 11 pages. Comments are welcome
Advanced Modelling of Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Peters, M.
name: Ma, F.
name: Guo, S.
name: Sahraei, N.
name: Walsh, T.M.
name: Hoex, B.
name: Aberle, A.G.
name: Bläsi, B.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1188-1190
description: Accurate physical modelling to assist and support research and development is of increasing
importance for scientific institutions and for industry. Modelling is required for many different tasks, starting from
fundamental questions concerning the basic working principles of photovoltaics, up to predicting the performance of
a PV system. For these tasks many different approaches and methods are available. This paper gives an overview of
the recent activities at the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) in this field. We discuss four
different examples, related to four different techniques: Circuit modelling of series resistance losses in PV modules,
device modelling of wafer solar cells to investigate passivation mechanisms, and optical modelling of scattering and
periodic structures for thin-film silicon solar cells.
Nonequilibrium steady state thermodynamics and fluctuations for stochastic systems
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Tooru
name: Cohen, E. G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the work done on and the heat removed from a system to maintain it in a nonequilibrium steady state for a thermodynamic-like description of such a system as well as of its fluctuations. Based on a generalized Onsager-Machlup theory for nonequilibrium steady states we indicate two ambiguities, not present in an equilibrium state, in defining such work and heat: one due to a non-uniqueness of time-reversal procedures and another due to multiple possibilities to separate heat into work and an energy difference in nonequilibrium steady states. As a consequence, for such systems, the work and heat satisfy multiple versions of the first and second laws of thermodynamics as well as of their fluctuation theorems. Unique laws and relations appear only to be obtainable for concretely defined systems, using physical arguments to choose the relevant physical quantities. This is illustrated on a number of systems, including a Brownian particle in an electric field, a driven torsion pendulum, electric circuits and an energy transfer driven by a temperature difference.
description: 39 pages, 3 figure
The Effect of Crucible Coating and the Temperature Field on Minority Carrier Lifetime in Directionally Solidified Multicrystalline Silicon Ingots
Creators: name: Ryningen, B.
name: Bellmann, M.P.
name: Kvande, R.
name: Lohne, O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 926-932
description: Multicrystalline silicon is widely used in solar cell production. The standard process applied by the industry is directional solidification in Si3N4-coated quartz crucibles, but little attention has been given to the coating and its impact on material quality. In this study, two 12 kg silicon ingots were directionally solidified. The first ingot
had a better coating than the second ingot. The ingots were analyzed with respect to minority carrier lifetime, grain
orientation, interstitial oxygen concentration and metal content as well as dislocation density. It was shown that the first ingot had considerably higher minority carrier lifetime, lower dislocation density and considerably larger grains than the second ingot. An explanation is put forward that this is due to the quality of the crucible coating and difference in the temperature at the point of nucleation of the crystal growth. In addition to the experiments, the influence of a Si3N4-coating layer on the thermal field during solidification has been investigated numerically. From these results it was concluded that the thickness of the coating layer has no
influence on the solidification rate and the temperature field.
A Unified Theoretical Treatment on Statistical Properties of the Semi-batch Self-condensing Vinyl Polymerization System
Creators: name: Gu, Fang
name: Li, Jiangtao
name: Hong, Xiaozhong
name: Wang, Haijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel generating function (GF) method for the self-condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP) system with any initial distribution of preexisted polymers. Such a method was proven to be especially useful to investigate the semi-batch SCVP system allowing a sequence of feeding operations during the polymerization. Consequently, the number-, weight-, and z-average molecular weights as well as polydispersity index of hyperbranched polymers can be explicitly given, which are determined by predetermined feeding details and conversions in each polymerization step. These analytical results are further confirmed by the corresponding Monte Carlo simulation. Therefore the present GF method has provided a unified treatment on the semi-batch SCVP system. Accordingly, hyperbranched polymers with desired properties can be prepared by designing feeding details and presetting conversions at each step based on the present GF method.
Additional file 1 of Association between multi-component initiatives and physical activity-related behaviors: interim findings from the Healthy Schools Healthy Communities initiative
Creators: name: Calise, Tamara Vehige
name: Spitzer, Natalie
name: Ruggiero, Laura
name: Ryder, Amanda
name: Wingerter, Chloe
name: Hatcher, Ashley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. 2174 MCI community (N = 982) and school/childcare (N = 1192) related strategies over time by cohort/school district.
Asymptotic Bound on Binary Self-Orthogonal Codes
Creators: name: Ding, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 14G50

description: We present two constructions for binary self-orthogonal codes. It turns out that our constructions yield a constructive bound on binary self-orthogonal codes. In particular, when the information rate R=1/2, by our constructive lower bound, the relative minimum distance δ\approx 0.0595 (for GV bound, δ\approx 0.110). Moreover, we have proved that the binary self-orthogonal codes asymptotically achieve the Gilbert-Varshamov bound.
description: 4 pages 1 figure
Reliability of High Efficiency PV Modules
Creators: name: Söderström, T.
name: Papet, P.
name: Häni, M.
name: Polo, R.
name: Gnos, S.
name: Zahnd, J.
name: Luthi, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3479-3481
description: The module encapsulant has a primary role in the reliability, durability and therefore price (€/kwh) of solar
electricity generation. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) has been and is still the material of choice as encapsulant thanks to
its optimal initial optical properties (n = 1.5 and k close to 0) and its low cost (1-2 €/sqm) but has demonstrated some
limitation in the past due to the limited stability exposed to UV and/or thermal processing. This paper investigates the
potential of various EVAs and encapsulants in term of light transmission and reliability. In addition, the work addresses
the bill of material required for moisture sensitive solar cells such as heterojunction (HJT) cells. The results show that
lower UV cutoff value of the front encapsulant improves cell performances by 1-1.5% depending on the cell technology.
For HJT solar modules, EVA has to be used in combination with a moisture barrier and/or a dedicated encapsulant need
to be used to resist outdoor and specially humid condition.
Crowdsourcing Working Schemes.
Creators: name: Cluster Andaluz de Energías Renovables y Eficiencia Energética
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: To monitor the improved hubs, the use of energy efficiency with renewable energies, energy consumption andenergy consumer strategy, to contribute to reducing pollution. Mining and analysing geospatial consumer patterns andcitizen behaviour can deliver this information via crowdsourcing working schemes (CWS) by mining the needs of usersin different locations to produce a reliable knowledge base of location patterns (spatio-temporal database, app). Thiswill promote awareness and is a scalable solution that can be adapted to and implemented in all cities. The outcome willmake significant contributions to citizens’ health and energy consumption (reducing consumption).
Homogeneous study of Herbig Ae/Be stars from spectral energy distributions and Gaia EDR3
Creators: name: Guzman-Diaz, J.
name: Mendigutia, I.
name: Montesinos, B.
name: Oudmaijer, R. D.
name: Vioque, M.
name: Rodrigo, C.
name: Solano, E.
name: Meeus, G.
name: Marcos-Arenal, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAeBes) have so far been studied based on relatively small samples that are scattered throughout the sky. Their fundamental stellar and circumstellar parameters and statistical properties were derived with heterogeneous approaches before Gaia. Our main goal is to contribute to the study of HAeBes from the largest sample of such sources to date, for which stellar and circumstellar properties have been determined homogeneously from the analysis of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and Gaia EDR3 parallaxes and photometry. Multiwavelength photometry was compiled for 209 bona fide HAeBes for which Gaia EDR3 distances were estimated. Using the Virtual Observatory SED Analyser (VOSA), photospheric models were fit to the optical SEDs to derive stellar parameters, and the excesses at infrared (IR) and longer wavelengths were characterized to derive several circumstellar properties. The stellar temperature, luminosity, radius, mass, and age were derived for each star based on optical photometry. In addition, their IR SEDs were classified according to two different schemes, and their mass accretion rates, disk masses, and the sizes of the inner dust holes were also estimated uniformly. The initial mass function fits the stellar mass distribution of the sample within 2 < M_star/M_sun < 12. In this aspect, the sample is therefore representative of the HAeBe regime and can be used for statistical purposes when it is taken into account that the boundaries are not well probed. A statistical analysis was carried out mainly focused on the different circumstellar properties of Herbig Ae (HAe) and Be (HBe) stars. The complete dataset is available online through a Virtual Observatory-compliant archive, representing the most recent reference for statistical studies on the HAeBe regime.
description: 45 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Accepted in A&A