cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Swampland Conjectures and Infinite Flop Chains
Creators: name: Brodie, Callum R.
name: Constantin, Andrei
name: Lukas, Andre
name: Ruehle, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate swampland conjectures for quantum gravity in the context of M-theory compactified on Calabi-Yau threefolds which admit infinite sequences of flops. Naively, the moduli space of such compactifications contains paths of arbitrary geodesic length traversing an arbitrarily large number of Kähler cones, along which the low-energy spectrum remains virtually unchanged. In cases where the infinite chain of Calabi-Yau manifolds involves only a finite number of isomorphism classes, the moduli space has an infinite discrete symmetry which relates the isomorphic manifolds connected by flops. This is a remnant of the 11D Poincare symmetry and consequently gauged, as it has to be by the no-global symmetry conjecture. The apparent contradiction with the swampland distance conjecture is hence resolved after dividing by this discrete symmetry. If the flop sequence involves infinitely many non-isomorphic manifolds, this resolution is no longer available. However, such a situation cannot occur if the Kawamata-Morrison conjecture for Calabi-Yau threefolds is true. Conversely, the swampland distance conjecture, when applied to infinite flop chains, implies the Kawamata-Morrison conjecture under a plausible assumption on the diameter of the Kähler cones.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Alan Dingsdale, Mapping Modernities. Geographies of Central and Eastern Europe, 1920-2000
Creators: name: Troebst, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2004

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 53 Nr. 4 (2004)
Zwischen Westen und Osten. Der schlesische Ständeparlamentarismus von seinen Anfängen bis in das 19. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Ptak, Marian J.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2009

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 58 Nr. 3 (2009): Vorträge der Sektion "Osteuropa" auf dem 37. Deutschen Reichshistorikertag
The topological invariants of rotationally symmetric crystals
Creators: name: Henke, Jans
name: Kurttutan, Mert
name: Kruthoff, Jorrit
name: van Wezel, Jasper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent formal classifications of crystalline topological insulators predict that the combination of time-reversal and rotational symmetry gives rise to topological invariants beyond the ones known for other lattice symmetries. Although the classification proves their existence, it does not indicate a way of calculating the values of those invariants. Here, we show that a specific set of concentric Wilson loops and line invariants yields the values of all topological invariants in two-dimensional systems with pure rotation symmetry in class AII. Examples of this analysis are given for specific models with two-fold and three-fold rotational symmetry. We find new invariants that relate to the presence of higher-order topology and corner charges.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
The Impact of Rural-Urban Economic Disparities on Terrorist Organizations’ Survival and Attacks
Creators: name: Piazza, James A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: This study investigates the influence of rural-urban economic disparities on the survival and tactical choices of resident terrorist groups. These disparities inflame social and ethnic group grievances and erode the state’s capacity to police its rural hinterlands, thereby motivating support for terrorists and providing resident terrorist groups with the ability to attack with impunity. Based on the Extended Data on Terrorist Groups (EDTG), survival analysis shows that rural-urban disparities foster terrorist group survival. Other empirical methods – negative binomial regressions and competing risk analysis – indicate how rural-urban disparities and other controls affect resident terrorist groups’ campaigns and prospects. With mediation tests, rural-urban inequalities are shown to benefit terrorist groups by increasing social group grievances and by limiting host state’s control over territory.
An Analysis of Terrorist Group Formation, 1860—1969
Creators: name: Tschantret, Joshua
name: Yang, Yufan
name: Nam, Hoshik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A number of new and exciting datasets on terrorist groups have been created in recent years. However, most data have limited temporal coverage. In this article, we explore a dataset of historical terrorist groups formed between 1860 and 1969 to determine which insights from the terrorism literature are generalizable over time. A cursory look into the dataset reveals several trends that have been overlooked by both the qualitative historical terrorism literature and the quantitative contemporary terrorism literature. We also perform an econometric analysis of terrorist group formation to test hypotheses derived from the extant research. Our results show limited support for existing hypotheses, although civil society participation appears consistently associated with terrorist group formation.
Complex organic molecules in low-mass protostars on Solar System scales -- II. Nitrogen-bearing species
Creators: name: Nazari, P.
name: van Gelder, M. L.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Tabone, B.
name: Hoff, M. L. R. van 't
name: Ligterink, N. F. W.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Boogert, A. C. A.
name: Garatti, A. Caratti o
name: Klaassen, P. D.
name: Linnartz, H.
name: Taquet, V.
name: Tychoniec, Ł.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chemical inventory of planets is determined by the physical and chemical processes that govern the early phases of star formation. The aim is to investigate N-bearing complex organic molecules towards two Class 0 protostars (B1-c and S68N) at millimetre wavelengths with ALMA. Next, the results of the detected N-bearing species are compared with those of O-bearing species for the same and other sources. ALMA observations in Band 6 ($\sim$ 1 mm) and Band 5 ($\sim$ 2 mm) are studied at $\sim$ 0.5" resolution, complemented by Band 3 ($\sim$ 3 mm) data in a $\sim$ 2.5" beam. NH2CHO, C2H5CN, HNCO, HN13CO, DNCO, CH3CN, CH2DCN, and CHD2CN are identified towards the investigated sources. Their abundances relative to CH3OH and HNCO are similar for the two sources, with column densities that are typically an order of magnitude lower than those of O-bearing species. The largest variations, of an order of magnitude, are seen for NH2CHO abundance ratios with respect to HNCO and CH3OH and do not correlate with the protostellar luminosity. In addition, within uncertainties, the N-bearing species have similar excitation temperatures to those of O-bearing species ($\sim$ 100 $\sim$ 300 K). The similarity of most abundances with respect to HNCO, including those of CH2DCN and CHD2CN, hints at a shared chemical history, especially the high D/H ratio in cold regions prior to star formation. However, some of the variations in abundances may reflect the sensitivity of the chemistry to local conditions such as temperature (e.g. NH2CHO), while others may arise from differences in the emitting areas of the molecules linked to their different binding energies in the ice. The two sources discussed here add to the small number of sources with such a detailed chemical analysis on Solar System scales. Future JWST data will allow a direct comparison between the ice and gas abundances of N-bearing species.
description: Accepted to A&A, 41 pages, 37 figures
Diversity and inclusion as core values of open science
Creators: name: Whitaker, Kirstie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: open science
inclusion
diversity
community

description: Kirstie's talk as part of the From "Open Science" to "Science": Shifting the status quo in data sharing, software, and publishing symposium at OHBM 2019.

https://www.humanbrainmapping.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3920
DNA-Assembled Multilayer Sliding Nanosystems
Creators: name: Zhan, Pengfei
name: Both, Steffen
name: Weiss, Thomas
name: Liu, Na
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DNA nanotechnology allows for the realization of complex nanoarchitectures in which the spatial arrangements of different constituents and most functions can be enabled by DNA. When optically active components are integrated in such systems, the resulting nanoarchitectures not only provide great insights into the self-assembly of nanoscale elements in a systematic way but also impart tailored optical functionality to DNA origami. In this Letter, we demonstrate DNA-assembled multilayer nanosystems, which can carry out coordinated and reversible sliding motion powered by DNA fuels. Gold nanoparticles cross-link DNA origami filaments to define the configurations of the multilayer nanoarchitectures as well as to mediate relative sliding between the neighboring origami filaments. Meanwhile, the gold nanoparticles serve as optical probes to dynamically interact with the fluorophores tethered on the filaments, rendering in situ detection of the stepwise sliding processes possible. This work seeds the basis to implement DNA-assembled complex optical nanoarchitectures with programmability and addressability, advancing the field with new momentum.
Interacting galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations -- III: (the rarity of) quenching in post-merger galaxies
Creators: name: Quai, Salvatore
name: Hani, Maan H.
name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Patton, David R.
name: Woo, Joanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy mergers are traditionally one of the favoured mechanisms for quenching star formation. To test this paradigm in the context of modern cosmological simulations, we use the IllustrisTNG simulation to investigate the impact of individual merger events on quenching (i.e. star formation rate at least 3sig below the star-forming main sequence) within 500Myr after the coalescence phase.The rate of quenching amongst recently merged galaxies is compared with a control sample that is matched in redshift, stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), black hole mass and environment.We find quenching to be uncommon among the descendants of post-merger galaxies, with only 5% of galaxies quenching within 500 Myr after the merger.Despite this low absolute rate, we find that quenching occurs in post-mergers at twice the rate of the control galaxies.The fraction of quenched post-merger descendants 1.5 Gyr after the merger becomes statistically indistinguishable from that of non-post-mergers, suggesting that mergers could speed up the quenching process in those post-mergers whose progenitors had physical conditions able to sustain effective active galactic nuclei (AGN) kinetic feedback, thus capable of removing gas from galaxies.Our results indicate that although quenching does not commonly occur promptly after coalescence, mergers nonetheless do promote the cessation of star formation in some post-mergers. We find that, in IllustrisTNG, it is the implementation of the AGN kinetic feedback that is responsible for quenching post-mergers, as well as non-post-merger controls.As a result of the released kinetic energy, galaxies experience gas loss and eventually, they will quench.Galaxies with an initially low gas fraction show a preferable pre-disposition towards quenching.The primary distinguishing factor between quenched and star-forming galaxies is gas fraction, with a sharp boundary at fgas=0.1 in TNG.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Polyakov loop and the color-flavor locked phase of Quantum Chromodynamics
Creators: name: Ciminale, M.
name: Nardulli, G.
name: Ruggieri, M.
name: Gatto, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Polyakov Nambu Jona Lasinio model with three massless quarks at high density and moderate temperature in the superconductive color flavor locking phase. We compute the critical temperature $T_c$ as a function of the baryonic chemical potential for the phase transition from the superconductive state to the normal phase. We find that $T_c$ is higher by a factor 1.5 -2 in comparison to the model containing no Polyakov loop. We also compute the specific heat $C_v$ near the second order phase transition and we show that the inclusion of the Polyakov loop does not change the value of the critical exponent.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX4 style
Additional file 1 of Public sphere attitudes towards the rumor sources of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from community perceptions in Iran
Creators: name: Banakar, Morteza
name: Sadati, Ahmad Kalateh
name: Zarei, Leila
name: Shahabi, Saeed
name: Heydari, Seyed Taghi
name: Lankarani, Kamran Bagheri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
The SINFONI MgII Program for Line Emitters (SIMPLE): Discovering starbursts near QSO sight-lines
Creators: name: Bouche, Nicolas
name: Murphy, Michael T.
name: Peroux, Celine
name: Davies, Richard
name: Eisenhauer, Frank
name: Schreiber, Natasha Forster
name: Tacconi, Linda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-ionization transitions such as the MgII 2796/2803 doublet trace cold gas in the vicinity of galaxies. It is not clear whether this gas is part of the interstellar medium of large proto-disks, part of dwarfs, or part of entrained material in supernovae-driven outflows. Studies based on MgII statistics, e.g. stacked images and clustering analysis, have invoked starburst-driven outflows where MgII absorbers are tracing the denser and colder gas of the outflow. A consequence of the outflow scenario is that the strongest absorbers ought to be associated with starbursts. We use the near-IR integral field spectrograph SINFONI to test whether starbursts are found around z~1 MgII absorbers. For 67% (14 out of 21) of the absorbers with rest-frame equivalent width larger than 2 AA, we do detect Ha in emission within 200 km/s of the predicted wavelength based on the \MgII redshift. The star-formation rate (SFR) inferred from Halpha ranges from 1 to 20 Msun/yr, i.e. showing a level of star-formation larger than in M82 by a factor of >4 on average. Our flux limit (3-sigma) corresponds to a SFR of 0.5 Msun/yr. We find evidence (at >95% confidence) for a correlation between SFR and equivalent width, indicating a physical connection between starburst phenomena and gas seen in absorption. In the cases where we can extract the velocity field, the host-galaxies reside in halos with mean mass =11.2 in good agreement with clustering measurements.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, minor typos corrected to match proofs
Excitons in the One-Dimensional Hubbard Model: a Real-Time Study
Creators: name: Al-Hassanieh, K. A.
name: Reboredo, F. A.
name: Feiguin, A. E.
name: Gonzalez, I.
name: Dagotto, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the real-time dynamics of a pair hole/doubly-occupied-site, namely a holon and a doublon, in a 1D Hubbard insulator with on-site and nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion. Our analysis shows that the pair is long-lived and the expected decay mechanism to underlying spin excitations is actually inefficient. For a nonzero inter-site Coulomb repulsion, we observe that part of the wave-function remains in a bound state. Our study also provides insight on the holon-doublon propagation in real space. Due to the one-dimensional nature of the problem, these particles move in opposite directions even in the absence of an applied electric field. The potential relevance of our results to solar cell applications is discussed.
description: To Appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Local moment versus Kondo behavior of the 4f-electrons in rare-earth iron oxypnictides
Creators: name: Pourovskii, L.
name: Vildosola, V.
name: Biermann, S.
name: Georges, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the role played by the 4f states in the rare-earth oxyarsenides REOFeAs (RE=Ce,Pr,Nd) and the oxyphosphate CeOFeP, using a first-principles technique that combines the local density approximation and dynamical mean-field theory (LDA+DMFT). In the Pr and Nd compounds, the 4f states are located well below and above the Fermi level E_F, and essentially do not interact with the iron 3d bands located near E_F, resulting in local moment behavior. In the Ce compounds, our results reveal a qualitatively different picture, with the 3d-4f hybridization being sufficiently strong to give rise to an observable Kondo screening of the local 4f moment. Our LDA+DMFT electronic structure calculations allow us to estimate the Kondo temperature T_K for both CeOFeP and CeOFeAs. For the phosphate, the order of magnitude of our estimate is consistent with the experimental observation of T_K around 10 K. At ambient pressure, T_K is found to be negligibly small for CeOFeAs. Under applied hydrostatic pressure, we predict an exponential increase of T_K which reaches values comparable to the superconducting T_c around 40 K at pressures above 10 GPa. We conjecture that the competition between the Kondo effect and superconductivity may be at the origin of the monotonous decrease of T_c observed in CeOFeAs under pressure. We argue that the quantitative aspects of this competition are inconsistent with a weak-coupling BCS description of the superconductivity in the oxyarsenides.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Stable Dynamic Mode Decomposition Algorithm for Noisy Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurement Data
Creators: name: Ohmichi, Yuya
name: Sugioka, Yosuke
name: Nakakita, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we investigated the stability of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithms to noisy data. To achieve a stable DMD algorithm, we applied the truncated total least squares (T-TLS) regression and optimal truncation level selection to the TLS DMD algorithm. By adding truncation regularization to the TLS DMD algorithm, T-TLS DMD improves the stability of the computation while maintaining the accuracy of TLS DMD. The effectiveness of the T-TLS DMD was evaluated by the analysis of the wake behind a cylinder and practical pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) data for the buffet cell phenomenon. The results showed the importance of regularization in the DMD algorithm. With respect to the eigenvalues, T-TLS DMD was less affected by noise, and accurate eigenvalues could be obtained stably, whereas the eigenvalues of TLS and subspace DMD varied greatly due to noise. It was also observed that the eigenvalues of the standard and exact DMD had the problem of shifting to the damping side, as reported in previous studies. With respect to eigenvectors, T-TLS and exact DMD captured the characteristic flow patterns clearly even in the presence of noise, whereas TLS and subspace DMD were not able to capture them clearly due to noise.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Autoencoder-based Semantic Novelty Detection: Towards Dependable AI-based Systems
Creators: name: Rausch, Andreas
name: Sedeh, Azarmidokht Motamedi
name: Zhang, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many autonomous systems, such as driverless taxis, perform safety critical functions. Autonomous systems employ artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically for the environment perception. Engineers cannot completely test or formally verify AI-based autonomous systems. The accuracy of AI-based systems depends on the quality of training data. Thus, novelty detection - identifying data that differ in some respect from the data used for training - becomes a safety measure for system development and operation. In this paper, we propose a new architecture for autoencoder-based semantic novelty detection with two innovations: architectural guidelines for a semantic autoencoder topology and a semantic error calculation as novelty criteria. We demonstrate that such a semantic novelty detection outperforms autoencoder-based novelty detection approaches known from literature by minimizing false negatives.
Modelling issues in repetitive construction and an approach to schedule updating
Creators: name: Williams, Rhys E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Planning and control of time and other resources are crucial to the construction of large projects. Yet, current computerized techniques are unable to model the work patterns by which construction personnel plan a project. Furthermore, these methods are not capable of reflecting the day to day changes which must be monitored to control the construction site. The purpose of this thesis-is to promote the usability of computerized planning and scheduling through the development of the heuristic manner by which construction personnel perceive the project. Site studies held in cooperation with Poole Construction Limited and Foundation Company of Canada were performed using a computer scheduling system at the University of British Columbia which contained a prototype model of repetitive work. It provided insight to the process of repetition and rhythm by which projects are planned and to the requirements of the updating process necessary to monitor, and hence control the project. Two models evolved. The definition of the general repetitive structure was formulated to provide construction personnel with a tool by which to model the process of repetition. The definition of an updating process was formulated capable of monitoring daily progress on a construction site. Work performed with these models have shown them to be realistic in their approach to construction management.
DNA-assembled nanoarchitectures with multiple components in regulated and coordinated motion
Creators: name: Zhan, Pengfei
name: Urban, Maximilian J.
name: Both, Steffen
name: Duan, Xiaoyang
name: Kuzyk, Anton
name: Weiss, Thomas
name: Liu, Na
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coordinating functional parts to operate in concert is essential for machinery. In gear trains, meshed gears are compactly interlocked, working together to impose rotation or translation. In photosynthetic systems, a variety of biological entities in the thylakoid membrane interact with each other, converting light energy into chemical energy. However, coordinating individual parts to carry out regulated and coordinated motion within an artificial nanoarchitecture poses challenges, owing to the requisite control on the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate DNA-directed nanosystems, which comprise hierarchically-assembled DNA origami filaments, fluorophores, and gold nanocrystals. These individual building blocks can execute independent, synchronous, or joint motion upon external inputs. These are optically monitored in situ using fluorescence spectroscopy, taking advantage of the sensitive distance-dependent interactions between the gold nanocrystals and fluorophores positioned on the DNA origami. Our work leverages the complexity of DNA-based artificial nanosystems with tailored dynamic functionality, representing a viable route towards technomimetic nanomachinery.
HI Imaging Observations of Superthin Galaxies. II. IC2233 and the Blue Compact Dwarf NGC2537
Creators: name: Matthews, Lynn D.
name: Uson, Juan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the VLA to image the HI 21-cm line emission in the edge-on Sd galaxy IC2233 and the blue compact dwarf NGC2537. We also present new optical B,R, and H alpha imaging of IC2233 obtained with the WIYN telescope. Despite evidence of localized massive star formation, IC2233 has a low surface brightness disk with a low global star formation rate (~0.05 M_sun/yr), and no significant 21-cm radio continuum emission. The HI and ionized gas disks of IC2233 are clumpy and vertically distended, with scale heights comparable to the young stars. Both the stellar and HI disks of IC2233 appear flared, and we also find a vertically extended, rotationally anomalous HI component extending to z~2.4 kpc. The HI disk exhibits a mild lopsidedness as well as a global corrugation pattern with a period of ~7 kpc and an amplitude of ~150 pc. To our knowledge, this is the first time corrugations of the gas disk have been reported in an external galaxy; these undulations may be linked to bending instabilities or to underlying spiral structure and suggest that the disk is largely self-gravitating. Lying at a projected distance of 16.7' from IC2233, NGC2537 has an HI disk with a bright, tilted inner ring and a flocculent, dynamically cold outer region that extends to ~3.5D_25. Although NGC2537 is rotationally-dominated, it shows significant turbulence near its center. The inner rotation curve rises steeply, implying a strong central mass concentration. Our data indicate that IC2233 and NGC2537 do not constitute a bound pair and most likely lie at different distances. We also find no compelling evidence of a recent minor merger in either galaxy, suggesting that both are examples of small disk galaxies evolving in relative isolation. (Abridged)
description: submitted to AJ and revised according to the referee's comments; version with full resolution figures available at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~lmatthew
Di-Jet Conical Correlations Associated with Heavy Quark Jets in anti--de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory Correspondence
Creators: name: Noronha, Jorge
name: Gyulassy, Miklos
name: Torrieri, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that far zone Mach and diffusion wake ``holograms'' produced by supersonic strings in anti--de Sitter space/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence do not lead to observable conical angular correlations in the strict $N_c\to\infty$ supergravity limit if Cooper-Frye hadronization is assumed. However, a special {\em nonequilibrium} ``neck'' zone near the jet is shown to produce an apparent sonic boom azimuthal angle distribution that is roughly independent of the heavy quark's velocity. Our results indicate that a measurement of the dependence of the away-side correlations on the velocity of associated identified heavy quark jets at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN LHC will provide a direct test of the nonperturbative dynamics involved in the coupling between jets and the strongly-coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP) implied by AdS/CFT correspondence.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, version published in Physical Review Letters
Additional file 1 of Fracture profiles of a 4-year cohort of 266,324 first incident upper extremity fractures from population health data in Ontario
Creators: name: MacDermid, Joy C.
name: McClure, J. Andrew
name: Richard, Lucie
name: Faber, Kenneth J.
name: Jaglal, Susan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1:.
A Stable High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Using a Biomass-Derived Sulfur-Carbon Cathode and Lithiated Silicon Anode
Creators: name: Marangon, Vittorio
name: Hernández-Renter, Celia
name: Olivares-Marín, Mara
name: Gómez-Serrano, Vicente
name: Caballero, Álvaro
name: Morales, Julián
name: Hassoun, Jusef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A full lithium-ion-sulfur cell with a remarkable cycle life was achieved by combining an environmentally sustainable biomass-derived sulfur-carbon cathode and a pre-lithiated silicon oxide anode. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry of the cathode evidenced the disordered nature of the carbon matrix in which sulfur was uniformly distributed with a weight content as high as 75%, while scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the micrometric morphology of the composite. The sulfur-carbon electrode in the lithium half-cell exhibited a maximum capacity higher than 1200 mAhgS-1, reversible electrochemical process, limited electrode/electrolyte interphase resistance, and a rate capability up to C/2. The material showed a capacity decay of about 40% with respect to the steady-state value over 100 cycles, likely due to the reaction with the lithium metal of dissolved polysulfides or impurities including P detected in the carbon precursor. Therefore, the replacement of the lithium metal with a less challenging anode was suggested, and the sulfur-carbon composite was subsequently investigated in the full lithium-ion-sulfur battery employing a Li-alloying silicon oxide anode. The full-cell revealed an initial capacity as high as 1200 mAhgS-1, a retention increased to more than 79% for 100 galvanostatic cycles, and 56% over 500 cycles. The data reported herein well indicated the reliability of energy storage devices with extended cycle life employing high-energy, green, and safe electrode materials.
Elena Chinyaeva, Russians outside Russia. The Émigré Community in Czechoslovakia 1918-1938.
Creators: name: Küpper, René
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2002

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 51 Nr. 4 (2002)
Gauge $\times$ Gauge $=$ Gravity on Homogeneous Spaces using Tensor Convolutions
Creators: name: Borsten, L.
name: Jubb, I.
name: Makwana, V.
name: Nagy, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A definition of a convolution of tensor fields on group manifolds is given, which is then generalised to generic homogeneous spaces. This is applied to the product of gauge fields in the context of `gravity $=$ gauge $\times$ gauge'. In particular, it is shown that the linear Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) gauge transformations of two Yang-Mills gauge fields generate the linear BRST diffeomorphism transformations of the graviton. This facilitates the definition of the `gauge $\times$ gauge' convolution product on, for example, the static Einstein universe, and more generally for ultrastatic spacetimes with compact spatial slices.
Probing doubly charged Higgs in $e^+ e^-$ Colliders in 3-3-1 Model
Creators: name: Montalvo, J. E. Cieza
name: Cortez, Nelson V.
name: Tonasse, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SU(3)$_L\otimesU(1)_N$ electroweak model predicts new Higgs bosons beyond the one of the standard model. In this work we investigate the signature and production of doubly charged Higgs bosons in the $e^-e^+$ International Linear Collider and in the CERN Linear Collider. We compute the branching ratios for the doubly charged gauge bosons of the model.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Magnesium for Dynamic Nanoplasmonics
Creators: name: Duan, Xiaoyang
name: Liu, Na
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The key component of nanoplasmonics is metals. For a long time, gold and silver have been the metals of choice for constructing plasmonic nanodevices because of their excellent optical properties. However, these metals possess a common characteristic, i.e., their optical responses are static. The past decade has been witnessed tremendous interest in dynamic control of the optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures. To enable dynamic functionality, several approaches have been proposed and implemented. For instance, plasmonic nanostructures can be fabricated on stretchable substrates or on programmable templates so that the interactions between the constituent metal nanoparticles and therefore the optical responses of the plasmonic systems can be dynamically changed. Also, plasmonic nanostructures can be embedded in tunable dielectric materials, taking advantage of the sensitive dependence of the localized surface plasmon resonances on the neighboring environment. Another approach, which is probably the most intriguing one, is to directly regulate the carrier densities and dielectric functions of the metals themselves.
W4 thermochemistry of P_2 and P_4. Is the CODATA heat of formation of phosphorus atom correct?
Creators: name: Karton, Amir
name: Martin, Jan M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-accuracy W4 computational thermochemistry protocol, and several post-W4 methods, have been applied to the P$_2$ and P$_4$ molecules. Contrary to previous studies, we find the experimental thermochemistry to be fundamentally sound. The reaction enthalpy for P$_4\to 2$P$_2$ has a very significant contribution from post-CCSD(T) correlation effects. We derive a gas-phase heat of formation for the phosphorus atom of $ΔH^\circ_{f,0}$[P(g)]=75.54$\pm$0.1 kcal/mol and $ΔH^\circ_{f,298}$[P(g)]=75.74$\pm$0.1 kcal/mol, in the upper half of the CODATA uncertainty interval.
description: Mol. Phys., in press (Peter Pulay issue)
A model for delayed emission in a very-high energy gamma-ray flare in Markarian 501
Creators: name: Bednarek, W.
name: Wagner, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the MAGIC collaboration reported evidence for a delay in the arrival times of photons of different energies during a gamma-ray flare from the blazar Markarian 501 on 2005 July 9. We apply a homogeneous synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model under the assumption that the blob containing relativistic electrons was observed in its acceleration phase. This modified SSC model predicts the appearance of a gamma-ray flare first at lower energies and subsequently at higher energies. Based on the reported time delay of approx. 240 s between the flare observed at 190 GeV and 2.7 TeV, we predict a delay on the order of 1 h if observed between 10 GeV and 100 GeV. Such delay timescales can be tested in the future by simultaneous flare observations with the Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) and Cherenkov telescopes.
description: 4 pages, no figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics in press
Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848-1918. Bd. VII/1-2: Verfassung und Parlamentarismus
Creators: name: Struve, Kai
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2003

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 52 Nr. 4 (2003)
Zwischen Kriegen. Nationen, Nationalismen und Geschlechterverhältnisse in Mittel- und Osteuropa 1918-1939
Creators: name: Stegmann, Natali
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2004

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 53 Nr. 4 (2004)
Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures Enabled by Bottom-Up Approaches
Creators: name: Urban, Maximilian J.
name: Shen, Chenqi
name: Kong, Xiang-Tian
name: Zhu, Chenggan
name: Govorov, Alexander O.
name: Wang, Qiangbin
name: Hentschel, Mario
name: Liu, Na
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive review of recent developments in the field of chiral plasmonics. Significant advances have been made recently in understanding the working principles of chiral plasmonic structures. With advances in micro- and nanofabrication techniques, a variety of chiral plasmonic nanostructures have been experimentally realized; these tailored chiroptical properties vastly outperform those of their molecular counterparts. We focus on chiral plasmonic nanostructures created using bottom-up approaches, which not only allow for rational design and fabrication but most intriguingly in many cases also enable dynamic manipulation and tuning of chiroptical responses. We first discuss plasmon-induced chirality, resulting from the interaction of chiral molecules with plasmonic excitations. Subsequently, we discuss intrinsically chiral colloids, which give rise to optical chirality owing to their chiral shapes. Finally, we discuss plasmonic chirality, achieved by arranging achiral plasmonic particles into handed configurations on static or active templates. Chiral plasmonic nanostructures are very promising candidates for real-life applications owing to their significantly larger optical chirality than natural molecules. In addition, chiral plasmonic nanostructures offer engineerable and dynamic chiroptical responses, which are formidable to achieve in molecular systems. We thus anticipate that the field of chiral plasmonics will attract further widespread attention in applications ranging from enantioselective analysis to chiral sensing, structural determination, and in situ ultrasensitive detection of multiple disease biomarkers, as well as optical monitoring of transmembrane transport and intracellular metabolism.
Bulk viscosity in 2SC and CFL quark matter
Creators: name: Alford, Mark G.
name: Schmitt, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bulk viscosities of two color-superconducting phases, the color-flavor locked (CFL) phase and the 2SC phase, are computed and compared to the result for unpaired quark matter. In the case of the CFL phase, processes involving kaons and the superfluid mode give the largest contribution to the bulk viscosity since all fermionic modes are gapped. In the case of the 2SC phase, ungapped fermionic modes are present and the process u+d u+s provides the dominant contribution. In both cases, the bulk viscosity can become larger than that of the unpaired phase for sufficiently large temperatures (T >~ 1 MeV for CFL, T >~ 0.1 MeV for 2SC). Bulk viscosity (as well as shear viscosity) is important for the damping of r-modes in compact stars and thus can potentially be used as an indirect signal for the presence or absence of color-superconducting quark matter.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, contribution to the proceedings of QCD@Work 2007, Martina Franca (Italy)
3D Stress Fields Versus Void Distributions Ahead of a Notch Tip for Semi-crystalline Polymers
Creators: name: Laiarinandrasana, L.
name: Selles, N.
name: Cheng, Y.
name: Helfen, L.
name: Morgeneyer, T. F.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2018

description: The creep durability of engineering structures relies on the theory of Fracture Mechanics for Creeping Solids (FMCS). The studied material is a semi-crystalline polymer. The lifespan of plastic pipes being generally specified in terms of years of service, its prediction requires reliable constitutive models accounting for time dependent deformation under multiaxial stress states and failure criteria based on the mechanisms of damage and failure. Here, an experimental approach was developed so as to analyze the mechanisms of deformation and cavitation at the microstructural scale by using 3D imaging (tomography/laminography). Three stress triaxiality ratios were addressed using various notched specimen geometries. The void characteristic dimensions (volume fraction, height and diameter) were then measured by defining a volume of interest. The spatial distributions of these characteristics at a prescribed creep time were observed to be dependent on the stress triaxiality ratio. A finite element constitutive model using the porosity as an internal variable, was selected. Comparison of the multiscale experimental database with those simulated at the macroscopic scale as well as at the microstructure level was satisfactory. In the light of the finite element results, the principal stress singularities were in good agreement with the void characteristic lengths.
Late transient acceleration of the universe in string theory on $S^{1}/Z_{2}$
Creators: name: Wu, Qiang
name: Santos, N. O.
name: Vo, Pamela
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, in Gong {\em et al} \cite{GWW07} and Wang and Santos \cite{WS07} it was shown that the effective cosmological constant on each of the two orbifold branes can be easily lowered to its current observational value, by using the large extra dimensions in the framework of both M-Theory and string theory on $S^{1}/Z_{2}$. In this paper, we study the current acceleration of the universe, using the formulas developed in \cite{WS07}. We first construct explicitly time-dependent solution to the 10-dimensional bulk of the Neveu-Schwarz/Neveu-Schwarz sector, compactified on a 5-dimensional torus. Then, we write down the generalized Friedmann equations on each of the two dynamical branes, and fit the models to the 182 gold supernova Ia data and the BAO parameter from SDSS, using both of our MINUIT and Monte-Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) codes. With the best fitting values of the parameters involved as initial conditions, we integrate the generalized Friedmann equations numerically and find the future evolution of the universe. We find that it depends on the choice of the radion potentials $V_{4}^{(I)} (I = 1, 2)$ of the branes. In particular, when choosing them to be the Goldberger-Wise potentials, $V_{4}^{(I)} = λ_{4}^{(I)} (ψ^{2} - {v_{I}}^{2})^{2}$, we find that the current acceleration of the universe driven by the effective cosmological constant is only temporary. Due to the effects of the potentials, the universe will be finally in its decelerating expansion phase again. We also study the proper distance between the two branes, and find that it remains almost constant during the whole future evolution of the universe in all the models considered.
description: revtex4, 18 figures. Typos corrected and new References added. Version to be published in JCAP
Optical spectroscopy of superconducting Ba{0.55}K{0.45}Fe2As2: evidence for strong coupling to low energy bosons
Creators: name: Yang, J.
name: Huvonen, D.
name: Nagel, U.
name: Room, T.
name: Ni, N.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Budko, S. L.
name: Carbotte, J. P.
name: Timusk, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical spectroscopy on single crystals of the new iron arsenide superconductor Ba{0.55}K{0.45}Fe2As2 shows that the infrared spectrum consists of two major components: a strong metallic Drude band and a well separated mid infrared absorption centered at 0.7 eV. It is difficult to separate the two components unambiguously but several fits of Lorentzian peaks suggest a model with a Drude peak having a plasma frequency of 1.8 to 2.1 eV and a midinfrared peak with a plasma frequency of 2.5 eV. In contrast to the cuprate superconductors the scattering rate obtained from the extended Drude model saturates at 150 meV as compared to 500 meV for a typical cuprate. Detailed analysis of the frequency dependent scattering rate shows that the charge carriers interact with broad bosonic spectrum with a peak at 25 meV and a coupling constant lambda =approx 2 at low temperature. As the temperature increases this coupling weakens to lambda=0.6 at ambient temperature. This suggests a bosonic spectrum that is similar to what is seen in the lower Tc cuprates.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Effect of physical inactivity on the oxidation of saturated and monounsaturated dietary Fatty acids: results of a randomized trial
Creators: name: Bergouignan, Audrey
name: Schoeller, Dale A
name: Normand, Sylvie
name: Gauquelin-Koch, Guillemette
name: Laville, Martine
name: Shriver, Timothy
name: Desage, Michel
name: Maho, Yvon Le
name: Ohshima, Hiroshi
name: Gharib, Claude
name: Blanc, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: OBJECTIVES: Changes in the way dietary fat is metabolized can be considered causative in obesity. The role of sedentary behavior in this defect has not been determined. We hypothesized that physical inactivity partitions dietary fats toward storage and that a resistance exercise training program mitigates storage.