cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lower Leg Injury in Relation to Vehicle Front End
Creators: name: Zanetti, Elisabetta M.
name: Franceschini, Giordano
name: Audenino, Alberto L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Objective: To set up a prescreening tool for vehicle front-end design, allowing numerically forecasting of the results of EC directive tests, with reference to pedestrian lower leg impact. Methods: A numerical legform model has been developed and certified according to EC directive. The frontal end of the vehicle has been simulated through a lumped-parameters model, having considered the predesign stage when the target overall behavior is being established. The stiffness behaviors of the bumper and of the spoiler have been estimated by means of more detailed numerical models. A parametric analysis has been performed to outline the effects of bumper and spoiler stiffness, bumper vertical height, and the longitudinal distance between the spoiler and the bumper. An analytical model has been introduced to predict tibial acceleration, knee shear displacement, and knee lateral bending, given the bumper and spoiler characteristics as input. Results:The parametric analysis has demonstrated that bumper stiffness, bumper profile height, and spoiler stiffness do have an impact on knee lateral bending, knee shear displacement, and peak tibial acceleration. Increasing bumper stiffness can result in higher knee bending, knee shear displacement, and peak tibial acceleration. Increasing bumper profile height produces lower knee bending and shear displacement. Increasing spoiler stiffness can determine higher knee shear displacement and peak tibial acceleration but lower knee bending. Spoiler stiffness and position have a strong correlation: higher bumper stiffness needs to be coupled to a moved forward spoiler position. The mechanical responses of the spoiler and of the bumper can be assumed to be linear: the softening behavior of the expanded polypropylene foam balances the hardening behavior of the fascia (due to contact area increase). The predictive model is well correlated to experimental findings (R2 > 0.74) Conclusions: This simplified computer model can be used as a prescreening design tool to demonstrate general vehicle front-end design trade-offs and provide approximate results without physical testing.
Record high $T_{\rm c}$ and robust superconductivity in transition metal $δ$-Ti phase at megabar pressure
Creators: name: Liu, Xuqiang
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Wang, Yiming
name: Li, Mingtao
name: Li, Nana
name: Zhang, Qian
name: Wang, Yandong
name: Li, Yan-ling
name: Yang, Wenge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a record high superconducting transition temperature ($T_{\rm c}$) up to 23.6 K under high pressure in the elemental metal Ti, one of the top ten most abundant elements in Earth's crust. The $T_{\rm c}$ increases monotonically from 2.3 K at 40.3 GPa to 23.6 K at 144.9 GPa, which surpasses all known records from elemental metals reported so far. With further compression, a robust $T_{\rm c}$ of ~23 K is observed between 144.9 and 183 GPa in the $δ$-Ti phase. The pressure-dependent $T_{\rm c}$ can be well described by the conventional electron-phonon coupling (EPC) mechanism. Density Functional Theory calculations show the Fermi nesting and the phonon softening of optical branches at the $γ$-Ti to $δ$-Ti phase transition pressure enhance EPC, which results in the record high $T_{\rm c}$. We attribute the robust superconductivity in $δ$-Ti to the apparent robustness of its strong EPC against lattice compression. These results provide new insight into exploring new high-$T_{\rm c}$ elemental metals and Ti-based superconducting alloys.
A Weighted State Redistribution Algorithm for Embedded Boundary Grids
Creators: name: Giuliani, Andrew
name: Almgren, Ann S.
name: Bell, John B.
name: Berger, Marsha J.
name: de Frahan, Marc T. Henry
name: Rangarajan, Deepak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: State redistribution is an algorithm that stabilizes cut cells for embedded boundary grid methods. This work extends the earlier algorithm in several important ways. First, state redistribution is extended to three spatial dimensions. Second, we discuss several algorithmic changes and improvements motivated by the more complicated cut cell geometries that can occur in higher dimensions. In particular, we introduce a weighted version with less dissipation in an easily generalizable framework. Third, we demonstrate that state redistribution can also stabilize a solution update that includes both advective and diffusive contributions. The stabilization algorithm is shown to be effective for incompressible as well as compressible reacting flows. Finally, we discuss the implementation of the algorithm for several exascale-ready simulation codes based on AMReX, demonstrating ease of use in combination with domain decomposition, hybrid parallelism and complex physics.
A Population-Based Study on Road Traffic Injuries in Pune City, India
Creators: name: Mirkazemi, Roksana
name: Kar, Anita
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: The annual mortality of road traffic injuries (RTIs) is estimated to be over 80,000 in India; however, there is not enough information about the magnitude, pattern, and factors associated with RTIs in a population-based scenario, where the police and hospital records suffer from severe underreporting. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the burden, pattern, and risk factors of RTIs in the population of Pune City. Method: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 9014 individuals in a randomly selected and representative sample of the population from 14 administrative wards of the city from March 2008 to April 2009. Results: The annual incidence rate of RTIs was 93.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.2–103.2) per 1000 individuals and after adjustment for age it was 76.4 per 1000 individuals. Injury occurrence was significantly more among the age group 15–30, males, and students and workers. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between RTIs and age, gender, occupation, mode of transport, driving a vehicle, and alcohol abuse. Multivariate analysis showed that only age, driving a vehicle, and alcohol abuse were the factors associated with RTIs. Conclusion: The magnitude of RTIs in India is very high, which is not reflected in police registration reports.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3845.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 29.12.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 2067 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
title: Pointage annuel du profil des usagères et usagers des centres à bas seuil d’accès du canton de Vaud : PAPU 2016
Creators: name: Pin, Stéphanie
name: Simon-Vermot, Pierre
Publisher: name: Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive (IUMSP)
Year: 2018

description: Le Service de la santé publique (SSP) a confié le mandat à l'IUMSP de mettre sur pied une enquête visant à établir un "Pointage annuel du profil des usagères et usagers" (PAPU) des centres d'accueil à bas seuil du canton de Vaud (CABS) dans le cadre du système vaudois d'indicateurs des addictions. Ce rapport présente les résultats de la première édition de cette enquête.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3730.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 14.08.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1953 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3637.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 08.05.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1864 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Resonant tunneling of deuteron-triton fusion in strong high-frequency electromagnetic fields
Creators: name: Wu, Binbing
name: Duan, Hao
name: Liu, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate deuteron-triton (DT) fusion in the presence of linearly polarized strong electromagnetic fields in high-frequency limit, in which a complex spherical square-well potential is exploited to describe the nuclear potential. Within the framework of the Kramers-Henneberger (KH) transformation, we have calculated the total and angular differential fusion cross sections by investigating the asymptotical phase shifts of the Coulomb wavefunctions. With introducing a dimensionless quantity of $n_d$ representing the ratio of the particle quiver oscillation amplitude to the radius of nuclear potential, we find that, even though the tunneling probability of passing through the Coulomb repulsive potential keeps almost identical to that in the absence of electromagnetic fields, the peak of total fusion sections shows an apparent shift from the well known value of 110 keV to 78 keV for $n_d=0.01$. The angular differential cross sections also show some resonance peaks that shift from zero inclination angle to $π/2$ with increasing the parameter $n_d$. The corresponding astrophysical $S$-factors are found to be enhanced by several times in amplitudes. With the help of Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximate wavefunctions, the shape-resonance tunneling mechanism of the above findings are uncovered and some implications are discussed.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3670.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 13.06.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1896 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Zusätzlich wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund weiterer Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Scalar Dark Matter and Radiative Dirac neutrino mass in an extended $U(1)_{B-L}$ model
Creators: name: Mishra, Subhasmita
name: Narendra, Nimmala
name: Panda, Prafulla Kumar
name: Sahoo, Nirakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a gauged $U(1)_{B-L}$ extension of standard model with inclusion of three right-handed neutrinos of exotic $B-L$ charges to cancel the gauge anomaly. Non-trivial transformation of new particles under $B-L$ symmetry forbids the neutrino mass at tree level and hence a small Dirac mass can be generated radiatively at one loop with a doublet fermion and singlet scalar. We also discuss the phenomenology of a scalar dark matter, which can be obtained from the mixing of neutral CP even component of a doublet and real singlet scalar. An adhoc $Z_2$ symmetry is required in the current framework to stabilize the dark matter candidate. Presence of new particles with $Z_2$ odd charges and small mass splitting, makes the phenomenology more interesting by governing the relic density with co-annihilation processes. We explore the spin-independent direct detection constraints on dark matter via the scalar mediation. The new particle spectrum not only opens up new window for dark matter study but also satisfy the constraints from lepton flavor violating decay of $μ\rightarrow e γ$.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures
Short-term heat waves have long-term consequences for parents and offspring in stickleback
Creators: name: Barrett, Rachel
name: Stein, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Heat wave
Parenting behavior
parental effects
plasticity
Sticklebacks

description: Extreme temperature events, such as heat waves, can have lasting effects on the behavior, physiology, and reproductive success of organisms. Here we examine the impact of short-term exposure to a simulated heat wave on condition, parental care, and reproductive success in a population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a small fish with exclusive paternal care, currently experiencing regular heat waves. Males were either exposed to a simulated heat wave (23°C) for five days or held at an ideal temperature (18°C). All males had offspring that were raised at 18°C. We found that while mass and body condition were unaffected in males exposed to a heat wave, cortisol responses were dampened across the nesting cycle compared to control males. In addition, heat wave males had longer latency for eggs to hatch, lower hatching success, and were unable to parent at the same level as control males. Offspring of heat wave males had lower body condition, affecting swimming performance. Altogether, our results highlight the long-term impact that even short-term events can have on reproductive success, parental behavior, and subsequent generations, providing insight into population responses to rapid environmental change.
description: Funding provided by: University of OklahomaROR ID: https://ror.org/02aqsxs83Award Number:
Funding provided by: University of OklahomaROR ID: https://ror.org/02aqsxs83Award Number:
description: This code analyzes data from male stickleback pre- and post-heat wave exposure. Males assigned to the control group were placed in individual tanks at 18°C for five days. Males in the heat group were placed in individual tanks at 23°C for five days. All males were then transferred to new individual tanks at 18°C and measured for time to build a nest, hatching success, and paternal care behaviors.

This code analyzes mass and length data from male stickleback pre-heat wave exposure (pre-treatment), post-heat wave exposure (post-treatment), and post-parenting. Males assigned to the control group had mass measured five days post-initial measurement.

Additionally, this code analyzes cortisol from water. Cortisol was collected pre-treatment, post-treatment, and post-parenting. Males assigned to the control group had cortisol collected five days post-initial measurement.

Finally, this code analyzes life-history traits such as days to build a nest, latency to hatch, and percent hatching success for control and heat wave males.

In offspring, this code analyzes juvenile offspring length, mass, body condition, and behavior in a scototaxis assay.
Alcohol Involvement and Other Risky Driver Behaviors: Effects on Crash Initiation and Crash Severity
Creators: name: Shyhalla, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Objective: Alcohol-involved drivers or those with blood alcohol concentrations greater than 0.00 percent have more frequent and more severe crashes than other drivers. Alcohol use, because it delays perception and response and impairs coordination, increases the risk of a crash. However, those using alcohol may take additional driving risks, which may also lead to crashes. This study was done to learn whether risks besides alcohol involvement contributed to crash initiation and whether crash severity increased with alcohol involvement or with those other risky behaviors. Methods: Data that represented nearly 1.4 million motor vehicle crashes were accessed from an NHTSA database. Analyses evaluated whether alcohol-involved driving was associated with other driving risks and whether driver alcohol involvement, alone or together with other risks, increased the likelihood of initiating a 2-vehicle crash or in the event of a crash or increased crash severity. Results: Alcohol-involved drivers were less likely to use seat belts, drove faster, and were more likely to be distracted than others. Those who initiated 2-vehicle crashes were more likely to be alcohol involved or to have taken other driving risks than others from the same crashes. Crash severity was significantly greater for alcohol-involved drivers than for other drivers, but severity increased further if additional risks were taken. Crashes involving only drivers who had not used alcohol were also sometimes severe, and that severity was associated with risky driving behaviors. When crashes involved 2 drivers, the behaviors of both affected crash severity. Conclusions: Risky driving behaviors, including alcohol involvement, increased the risk of a crash. Crash severity tended to increase with any risky behavior and to increase further with multiple risky behaviors. Other risky behaviors were associated with both alcohol involvement and crashes. Therefore, if effects from those other risky behaviors were not accommodated for, those effects would confound apparent associations between alcohol involvement and crashes. Therefore, this study's use of multivariate models that accommodated for effects from those other behaviors provided a truer picture of alcohol's association with crashes than simpler models would have. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3740.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 24.08.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1963 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Zusätzlich wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund weiterer Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3668.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 11.06.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1894 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Zusätzlich wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund weiterer Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Anti-Poiseuille Flow: Increased Vortex Velocity at Superconductor Edges
Creators: name: Okugawa, T.
name: Benyamini, A.
name: Millis, A. J.
name: Kennes, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the time-dependent Ginzburg Landau equations we study vortex motion driven by an applied current in two dimensional superconductors in the presence of a physical boundary. At smaller sourced currents the vortex lattice moves as a whole, with each vortex moving at the same velocity. At larger sourced current, vortex motion is organized into channels, with vortices in channels nearer to the sample edges moving faster than those farther away from sample edges, opposite to the Poiseuille flow of basic hydrodynamics where the velocity is lowest at the boundaries. At intermediate currents, a stick-slip motion of the vortex lattice occurs in which vortices in the channel at the boundary break free from the Abrikosov lattice, accelerate, move past their neighbors and then slow down and reattach to the vortex lattice at which point the stick-slip process starts over. These effects could be observed experimentally, e.g. using fast scanning microscopy techniques.
Search for invisible dark photon in $γe$ scattering at future lepton colliders
Creators: name: İnan, S. C.
name: Kisselev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time, the production of a massive dark photon (DP) in the $γe^-$ scattering at the future lepton colliders ILC, CLIC, and CEPC is examined. The invisible decay mode of the DP is addressed. We have studied both the unpolarized scattering and the collision of the Compton backscattered photons with the polarized electron. The missing energy distributions are shown. We have considered the wide range 10 GeV -- 1000 GeV of the DP mass $m_{A'}$. The excluded regions at the 95\% C.L. in the plane $(\varepsilon, m_{A'})$, where $\varepsilon$ is the kinetic mixing parameter, are obtained.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures; one equation and two references are added
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3758.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 11.09.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1981 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Zusätzlich wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund weiterer Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Alcohol Involvement and Other Risky Driver Behaviors: Effects on Crash Initiation and Crash Severity
Creators: name: Shyhalla, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorised

description: Objective: Alcohol-involved drivers or those with blood alcohol concentrations greater than 0.00 percent have more frequent and more severe crashes than other drivers. Alcohol use, because it delays perception and response and impairs coordination, increases the risk of a crash. However, those using alcohol may take additional driving risks, which may also lead to crashes. This study was done to learn whether risks besides alcohol involvement contributed to crash initiation and whether crash severity increased with alcohol involvement or with those other risky behaviors.

 Methods: Data that represented nearly 1.4 million motor vehicle crashes were accessed from an NHTSA database. Analyses evaluated whether alcohol-involved driving was associated with other driving risks and whether driver alcohol involvement, alone or together with other risks, increased the likelihood of initiating a 2-vehicle crash or in the event of a crash or increased crash severity.

 Results: Alcohol-involved drivers were less likely to use seat belts, drove faster, and were more likely to be distracted than others. Those who initiated 2-vehicle crashes were more likely to be alcohol involved or to have taken other driving risks than others from the same crashes. Crash severity was significantly greater for alcohol-involved drivers than for other drivers, but severity increased further if additional risks were taken. Crashes involving only drivers who had not used alcohol were also sometimes severe, and that severity was associated with risky driving behaviors. When crashes involved 2 drivers, the behaviors of both affected crash severity.

 Conclusions: Risky driving behaviors, including alcohol involvement, increased the risk of a crash. Crash severity tended to increase with any risky behavior and to increase further with multiple risky behaviors. Other risky behaviors were associated with both alcohol involvement and crashes. Therefore, if effects from those other risky behaviors were not accommodated for, those effects would confound apparent associations between alcohol involvement and crashes. Therefore, this study's use of multivariate models that accommodated for effects from those other behaviors provided a truer picture of alcohol's association with crashes than simpler models would have.
 Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3623.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 20.04.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1852 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Zusätzlich wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund weiterer Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3718.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 01.08.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1942 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
SITUATING DISCIPLINARY IDENTITY AND MOTIVATION NEGOTIATION IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ RACE AND GENDER EXPERIENCES: THE DESTABILIZING IMPACTS OF ACADEMIC PROBATION DURING A PANDEMIC
Creators: name: Adeoye, Temitope F
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Higher education
Learning, motivation and emotion
Educational psychology

description: Situated Expectancy-Value Theory (SEVT) calls for motivation researchers to treat learning and motivation as inseparable from context. Previous research has examined students’ expectancies and values in specific disciplines, showing dynamic changes over time. Limited research has examined students’ processes of change, considered the influence of students’ disciplinary identities, or solicited characteristics of the disciplinary environment that influence change. Additionally, current frontiers of the field aim to race-reimage motivational constructs. By situating motivation research in the race and gender experiences of historically marginalized students (i.e., Black, Latinx, Hispanic, Indigenous, women), the field can expand motivation theories to support a diversifying population, instead of relying on theories primarily based on the experiences of White individuals. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine the processes of motivational and identity change and situate students' identity and motivation negotiations in their disciplines, race, and gender. Using a qualitative, single case study design, eight undergraduate students of color majoring in science or engineering and who were on academic probation were interviewed. Results identified three processes of negotiating their identity and motivation that students employed in response to being on probation. Students reported challenges to their identity and motivation negotiations situated in their race and gender experiences. However, they also shared cultural assets that supported their continued identification with, expectancies for success in, and valuing of their science and engineering disciplines. Findings propose theoretical and methodological implications considering communal values in the SEVT model. Practical implications are discussed for instructors and student success personnel to integrate students’ social identities and communal motivations into their disciplinary engagement.
Third Harmonic Characterization of Antiferromagnetic Heterostructures
Creators: name: Cheng, Yang
name: Cogulu, Egecan
name: Resnick, Rachel D.
name: Michel, Justin J.
name: Statuto, Nahuel N.
name: Kent, Andrew D.
name: Yang, Fengyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical switching of antiferromagnets is an exciting recent development in spintronics, which promises active antiferromagnetic devices with high speed and low energy cost. In this emerging field, there is an active debate about the mechanisms of current-driven switching of antiferromagnets. Harmonic characterization is a powerful tool to quantify current-induced spin-orbit torques and spin Seebeck effect in heavy-metal/ferromagnet systems. However, the harmonic measurement technique has never been verified in antiferromagnetic heterostructures. Here, we report for the first time harmonic measurements in Pt/$α$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ bilayers, which are explained by our modeling of higher-order harmonic voltages. As compared with ferromagnetic heterostructures where all current-induced effects appear in the second harmonic signals, the damping-like torque and thermally-induced magnetoelastic effect contributions in Pt/$α$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ emerge in the third harmonic voltage. Our results provide a new path to probe the current-induced magnetization dynamics in antiferromagnets, promoting the application of antiferromagnetic spintronic devices.
A model of interacting quantum neurons with a dynamic synapse
Creators: name: Torres, J. J.
name: Manzano, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent advances in neuroscience, in this work, we explore the emergent behaviour of quantum systems with a dynamical biologically-inspired qubits interaction. We use a minimal model of two interacting qubits with an activity-dependent dynamic interplay as in classical dynamic synapses that induces the so-called synaptic depression, that is, synapses that present synaptic fatigue after heavy presynaptic stimulation. Our study shows that in absence of synaptic depression the 2-qubits quantum system shows typical Rabi oscillations whose frequency decreases when synaptic depression is introduced, so one can trap excitations for a large period of time. This creates a population imbalance between the qubits even though the Hamiltonian is Hermitian. This imbalance can be sustained in time by introducing a small energy shift between the qubits. In addition, we report that long-time entanglement between the two qubits raises naturally in the presence of synaptic depression. Moreover, we propose and analyse a plausible experimental setup of our 2-qubits system which demonstrates that these results are robust and can be experimentally obtained in a laboratory.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Three-Dimensional Adult Male Head and Skull Contours
Creators: name: Lee, Calvin
name: M. Loyd, Andre
name: Nightingale, Roger
name: S. Myers, Barry
name: Damon, Andrew
name: R. Bass, Cameron
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorised

description: Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue, affecting millions of people annually. Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and finite element models (FEMs) provide a means of understanding factors leading to TBI, potentially reducing the occurrence. Thus, there is a need to ensure that these tools accurately model humans. For example, the Hybrid III was not based on 3-dimensional human head shape data. The objective of this study is to produce average head and skull contours for an average U.S. male that can be used for ATDs and FEMs.

 Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of adult male heads were obtained from a database provided by the University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics. An orthographic viewer was used to extract head and skull contours from the CT scans. Landmarks were measured graphically using HyperMesh (Altair, HyperWorks). To determine the head occipital condyle (OC) centroid, surface meshes of the OCs were made and the centroid of the surfaces was calculated. The Hybrid III contour was obtained using a MicroScribe Digitizer (Solution Technologies, Inc., Oella, MD). Comparisons of the average male and ATD contours were performed using 2 methods: (1) the midsagittal and midcoronal ATD contours relative to the OC centroid were compared to the corresponding 1 SD range of the average male contours; (2) the ATD sagittal contour was translated relative to the average male sagittal contour to minimize the area between the 2 contours.

 Results: Average male head and skull contours were created. Landmark measurements were made for the dorsum sellae, nasion skin, nasion bone, infraorbital foramen, and external auditory meatus, all relative to the OC centroid. The Hybrid III midsagittal contour was outside the 1 SD range for 15.2 percent of the average male head contour but only by a maximum distance of 1.5 mm, whereas the Hybrid III midcoronal head contour was outside the 1 SD range for 12.2 percent of the average male head contour by a maximum distance of 2 mm. Minimization of the area between the midsagittal contours resulted in only 2.3 mm of translation, corroborating the good correlation between the contours established by initial comparison.

 Conclusions: Three-dimensional average male head and skull contours were created and measurements of landmark locations were made. It was found that the 50th percentile male Hybrid III corresponds well to the average male head contour and validated its 3D shape. Average adult head and skull contours and landmark data are available for public research use at http://biomechanics.pratt.duke.edu/data.
Ultraviolet Mie resonances in computationally discovered boron phosphide nanoparticles
Creators: name: Svendsen, Mark Kamper
name: Sugimoto, Hiroshi
name: Assadillayev, Artyom
name: Shima, Daisuke
name: Fujii, Minoru
name: Thygesen, Kristian Sommer
name: Raza, Søren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Controlling ultraviolet light at the nanoscale using optical Mie resonances holds great promise for a diverse set of applications, such as lithography, sterilization, and biospectroscopy. However, Mie resonances hosted by dielectric nanoantennas are difficult to realize at ultraviolet wavelengths due to the lack of both suitable materials and fabrication methods. Here, we systematically search for improved materials by computing the frequency dependent optical permittivity of 338 binary semiconductors and insulators from first principles, and evaluate their potential performance as high refractive index materials using Mie theory. Our analysis reveals several interesting candidate materials among which boron phosphide (BP) appears particularly promising. We then prepare BP nanoparticles and demonstrate that they support Mie resonances at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths using both far-field optical measurements and near-field electron energy-loss spectroscopy. We also present a laser reshaping method to realize spherical Mie-resonant BP nanoparticles. With a refractive index above 3 and low absorption losses, BP nanostructures advance Mie optics to the ultraviolet.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3769.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 23.09.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1992 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
A Population-Based Study on Road Traffic Injuries in Pune City, India
Creators: name: Mirkazemi, Roksana
name: Kar, Anita
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorised

description: Objective: The annual mortality of road traffic injuries (RTIs) is estimated to be over 80,000 in India; however, there is not enough information about the magnitude, pattern, and factors associated with RTIs in a population-based scenario, where the police and hospital records suffer from severe underreporting. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the burden, pattern, and risk factors of RTIs in the population of Pune City.

 Method: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 9014 individuals in a randomly selected and representative sample of the population from 14 administrative wards of the city from March 2008 to April 2009.

 Results: The annual incidence rate of RTIs was 93.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.2–103.2) per 1000 individuals and after adjustment for age it was 76.4 per 1000 individuals. Injury occurrence was significantly more among the age group 15–30, males, and students and workers. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between RTIs and age, gender, occupation, mode of transport, driving a vehicle, and alcohol abuse. Multivariate analysis showed that only age, driving a vehicle, and alcohol abuse were the factors associated with RTIs.

 Conclusion: The magnitude of RTIs in India is very high, which is not reflected in police registration reports.