cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Embedding simple commutative monoids into simple refinement monoids
Creators: name: Wehrung, Friedrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06F20, 20M14

description: Say that a cone is a commutative monoid in which x+y=0 implies that x=y=0. We show that cones (resp. simple cones) of many kinds order-embed or even embed unitarily into refinement cones (resp. simple refinement cones) of the same kind, satisfying in addition various divisibility conditions. We do this in particular for all cones, or for all separative cones, or for all cancellative cones (positive cones of partially ordered abelian groups). We also settle both the torsion-free case and the unperforated case. Most of our results extend to arbitrary commutative monoids.
Scaling and singularity characteristics of solar wind and magnetospheric fluctuations
Creators: name: Vörös, Z.
name: Jankovičová, D.
name: Kovács, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Preliminary results are presented which suggest that scaling and singularity characteristics of solar wind and ground based magnetic fluctuations appear to be a significant component in the solar wind - magnetosphere interaction processes. Of key importance is the intermittence of the "magnetic turbulence" as seen in ground based and solar wind magnetic data. The methods used in this paper (estimation of flatness and multifractal spectra) are commonly used in the studies of fluid or MHD turbulence. The results show that single observatory characteristics of magnetic fluctuations are different from those of the multi-observatory AE-index. In both data sets, however, the influence of the solar wind fluctuations is recognizable. The correlation between the scaling/singularity features of solar wind magnetic fluctuations and the corresponding geomagnetic response is demonstrated in a number of cases. The results are also discussed in terms of patchy reconnection processes in magnetopause and forced or/and self-organized criticality (F/SOC) of internal magnetosphere dynamics.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures
An Analysis of Pricing in the U.S. Cotton Seed Market
Creators: name: Shi, Guanming
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Shi, Guanming
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Modal Vertical Strategy
subject: imperfect competition
subject: cotton seed
subject: biotechnology

description: The purpose of the research in this paper is to investigate the impact of differentiated vertical strategies by agricultural biotechnology firms in the U.S. cottonseed market. The model advances the measurement of industry concentration to consider substitution/complementarity relationships among differentiated products delivered under different vertical structures. We find evidence of sub-additive pricing in the stacking of bundled biotech traits. Prices paid by farmers for cottonseed sold under vertical integration are found to be higher than under licensing. The model is flexible and allows for evaluation of the effects of changing market structures. The parameters on traditional measures of concentration indicate that higher concentration leads to higher prices. The effects of cross-market concentrations stress the need to conduct the analysis in a multi-market context.
Collective magnetic fluctuations in Hubbard plaquettes captured by fluctuating local field method
Creators: name: Rubtsov, Alexey N.
name: Stepanov, Evgeny A.
name: Lichtenstein, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a way to handle main collective fluctuations in correlated quantum systems based on a Fluctuation Local Field concept. This technique goes beyond standard mean-field approaches, such as Hartree-Fock and dynamical mean-field theories (DMFT), as it includes a fluctuating classical field that acts on the leading order parameter of the system. Effective model parameters of this new theory are determined from the variational principle, which allows to resolve the Fierz ambiguity in decoupling of the local interaction term. In the saddle-point approximation for the fluctuating field our method reproduces the mean-field result. The exact numerical integration over this field allows to consider nonlinear fluctuations of the global order parameter of the system while local correlations can be accounted by solving the DMFT impurity problem. We apply our method to the magnetic susceptibility of finite Hubbard systems at half-filling and demonstrate that the introduced technique leads to a superior improvement of results with respect to parental mean-field approaches without significant numerical complications. We show that the Fluctuation Local Field method can be used in a very broad range of temperatures substantially below the Néel temperature of DMFT, which remains a major challenge for all existing theoretical approaches.
Sedimentation of binary mixtures of like- and oppositely charged colloids: the primitive model or effective pair potentials?
Creators: name: Dijkstra, M.
name: Zwanikken, J.
name: van Roij, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study sedimentation equilibrium of low-salt suspensions of binary mixtures of charged colloids, both by Monte Carlo simulations of an effective colloids-only system and by Poisson-Boltzmann theory of a colloid-ion mixture. We show that the theoretically predicted lifting and layering effect, which involves the entropy of the screening ions and a spontaneous macroscopic electric field [J. Zwanikken and R. van Roij, Europhys. Lett. {\bf 71}, 480 (2005)], can also be understood on the basis of an effective colloid-only system with pairwise screened-Coulomb interactions. We consider, by theory and by simulation, both repelling like-charged colloids and attracting oppositely charged colloids, and we find a re-entrant lifting and layering phenomenon when the charge ratio of the colloids varies from large positive through zero to large negative values.
Electroproduction of two light vector mesons in next-to-leading BFKL
Creators: name: Ivanov, D. Yu.
name: Papa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the amplitude for the forward electroproduction of two light vector mesons in next-to-leading order BFKL. This amplitude represents the first next-to-leading order amplitude ever calculated for a collision process between strongly interacting colorless particles.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; talk given by A. Papa at "New Trend in High Energy Physics", Yalta, Sept. 10-17, 2005
Evaluating the 1996 EU food aid reform: Did it really lead to better targeting?
Creators: name: Maas, Sarah
name: Maas, Sarah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: EU food aid
subject: Policy reform
subject: Political economy
subject: Two-stage model

description: The paper analyses the 1996 EU food aid reform and addresses the question of its impact on improving EU food aid allocation in terms of reaching those countries which are most vulnerable to food insecurity. Using a two-stage regression model the analysis finds that EU food aid in kind is increasingly targeted towards developing countries affected by food insecurity. Most importantly, characteristics such as low calorie supply and balance-of-payments difficulties gained in importance in EU food aid allocation during the recent years. However, even though progress is noticeable, the results suggest a lack of coordination between the EU and other food aid donors which exacerbates food aid variability and may lower aid effectiveness.
A Temporal Convolutional Network-based Approach for Network Intrusion Detection
Creators: name: Nazre, Rukmini
name: Budke, Rujuta
name: Oak, Omkar
name: Sawant, Suraj
name: Joshi, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Network intrusion detection is critical for securing modern networks, yet the complexity of network traffic poses significant challenges to traditional methods. This study proposes a Temporal Convolutional Network(TCN) model featuring a residual block architecture with dilated convolutions to capture dependencies in network traffic data while ensuring training stability. The TCN's ability to process sequences in parallel enables faster, more accurate sequence modeling than Recurrent Neural Networks. Evaluated on the Edge-IIoTset dataset, which includes 15 classes with normal traffic and 14 cyberattack types, the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 96.72% and a loss of 0.0688, outperforming 1D CNN, CNN-LSTM, CNN-GRU, CNN-BiLSTM, and CNN-GRU-LSTM models. A class-wise classification report, encompassing metrics such as recall, precision, accuracy, and F1-score, demonstrated the TCN model's superior performance across varied attack categories, including Malware, Injection, and DDoS. These results underscore the model's potential in addressing the complexities of network intrusion detection effectively.
description: Paper presented at IEEE 2nd International Conference on Integrated Intelligence and Communication Systems (ICIICS) 2024
$K$-theoretic DT/PT correspondence for toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds
Creators: name: Cao, Yalong
name: Kool, Martijn
name: Monavari, Sergej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Nekrasov discovered a new "genus" for Hilbert schemes of points on $\mathbb{C}^4$. We conjecture a DT/PT correspondence for Nekrasov genera for toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds. We verify our conjecture in several cases using a vertex formalism. Taking a certain limit of the equivariant parameters, we recover the cohomological DT/PT correspondence for toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds recently conjectured by the first two authors. Another limit gives a dimensional reduction to the $K$-theoretic DT/PT correspondence for toric 3-folds conjectured by Nekrasov-Okounkov. As an application of our techniques, we find a conjectural formula for the generating series of $K$-theoretic stable pair invariants of the local resolved conifold. Upon dimensional reduction to the resolved conifold, we recover a formula which was recently proved by Kononov-Okounkov-Osinenko.
description: 47 pages, published version
Condensate evolution in the solar nebula inferred from combined Cr, Ti, and O isotope analyses of amoeboid olivine aggregates
Creators: name: Jansen, Christian A.
name: Burkhardt, Christoph
name: Marrocchi, Yves
name: Schneider, Jonas M.
name: Wölfer, Elias
name: Kleine, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Refractory inclusions in chondritic meteorites, namely amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs) and Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs), are among the first solids to have formed in the solar system. The isotopic composition of CAIs is distinct from bulk meteorites, which either results from extreme processing of presolar carriers in the CAI-forming region, or reflects an inherited heterogeneity from the Sun's parental molecular cloud. Amoeboid olivine aggregates are less refractory than CAIs and provide a record of how the isotopic composition of solid material in the disk may have changed in time and space. However, the isotopic composition of AOAs and how this composition relates to that of CAIs and later-formed solids is unknown. Here, using new O, Ti, and Cr isotopic data for eight AOAs from the Allende CV3 chondrite, we show that CAIs and AOAs share a common isotopic composition, indicating a close genetic link and formation from the same isotopic reservoir. Because AOAs are less refractory than CAIs, this observation is difficult to reconcile with a thermal processing origin of the isotope anomalies. Instead, the common isotopic composition of CAIs and AOAs is readily accounted for in a model in which the isotopic composition of infalling material from the Sun's parental molecular cloud changed over time. In this model, CAIs and AOAs record the isotopic composition of the early infall, while later-formed solids contain a larger fraction of the later, isotopically distinct infall. This model implies that CAIs and AOAs record the isotopic composition of the Sun and suggests that the nucleosynthetic isotope heterogeneity of the solar system is predominantly produced by mixing of solar nebula condensates, which acquired their distinct isotopic compositions as a result of time-varied infall from the protosolar cloud.
description: Published gold open access in Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Tightening the Theory-Experiment Connection in Physics: R_{n} based Space and Time
Creators: name: Benioff, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some aspects of replacing C based physics by C_{n} based physics are discussed. Here C_{n} ={R_{n},I_{n}} where R_{n} and I_{n} are the real and imaginary components of the numbers in C_{n}, and both R_{n} and I_{n}) are sets of length 2n string numbers in some basis. The discussion here is limited to describing the experimental basis and choice for the numbers in R_{n}, and a few basic but interesting properties of R_{n} based space and time.
description: Submitted to Special Issue, Internation Journal of Quantum Information, Conference Proceedings, Foundations of Quantum Information, April 16-19, 2004, Camerino,Italy
Additional file 2 of Characterization of the role for cadherin 6 in the regulation of human endometrial receptivity
Creators: name: Zhou, Wei
name: Santos, Leilani
name: Dimitriadis, Evdokia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Primers used throughout this study.
Additional file 3 of Characterization of the role for cadherin 6 in the regulation of human endometrial receptivity
Creators: name: Zhou, Wei
name: Santos, Leilani
name: Dimitriadis, Evdokia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Detection of Type II cadherin family members and CDH6 functional partners in the Ishikawa cells. Expression levels were assessed by raw Ct value (n = 6).
Well conditioned ptychograpic imaging via lost subspace completion
Creators: name: Forstner, Anton
name: Krahmer, Felix
name: Melnyk, Oleh
name: Sissouno, Nada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ptychography, a special case of the phase retrieval problem, is a popular method in modern imaging. Its measurements are based on the shifts of a locally supported window function. In general, direct recovery of an object from such measurements is known to be an ill-posed problem. Although for some windows the conditioning can be controlled, for a number of important cases it is not possible, for instance for Gaussian windows. In this paper we develop a subspace completion algorithm, which enables stable reconstruction for a much wider choice of windows, including Gaussian windows. The combination with a regularization technique leads to improved conditioning and better noise robustness.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Low-Mass Neutron Stars with Rotation
Creators: name: Yudin, A. V.
name: Razinkova, T. L.
name: Blinnikov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of low-mass neutron stars with rigid rotation are considered. The possible evolution paths of such stars in a close binary system with mass transfer are calculated. The properties of the gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A interpreted in terms of the stripping model, a natural ingredient of which is the explosion of a low-mass neutron star - a binary component, are briefly discussed.
description: 16 pages, 3 figs, 1 table
CEO Compensation in Cooperatives versus Publicly Listed Firms
Creators: name: Li, Feng
name: Hendrikse, George W.J.
name: Li, Feng
name: Hendrikse, George W.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: cooperative
subject: CEO compensation
subject: performance measure

description: A multiple activities principal-agent model regarding CEO compensation in cooperatives is presented, capturing that cooperatives are not publicly listed and that they have to bring the enterprise to value as well as to serve member interests. A cooperative dominates a publicly listed firm in terms of efficiency when either activities are sufficiently complementary, or additional information is considered in the performance measure.
Quantifying the intrinsic randomness in sequential measurements
Creators: name: Liu, Xinjian
name: Wang, Yukun
name: Han, Yunguang
name: Wu, Xia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard Bell scenario, when making a local projective measurement on each system component, the amount of randomness generated is restricted. However, this limitation can be surpassed through the implementation of sequential measurements. Nonetheless, a rigorous definition of random numbers in the context of sequential measurements is yet to be established, except for the lower quantification in device-independent scenarios. In this paper, we define quantum intrinsic randomness in sequential measurements and quantify the randomness in the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu (CGLMP) inequality sequential scenario. Initially, we investigate the quantum intrinsic randomness of the mixed states under sequential projective measurements and the intrinsic randomness of the sequential positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) under pure states. Naturally, we rigorously define quantum intrinsic randomness under sequential POVM for arbitrary quantum states. Furthermore, we apply our method to one-Alice and two-Bobs sequential measurement scenarios, and quantify the quantum intrinsic randomness of the maximally entangled state and maximally violated state by giving an extremal decomposition. Finally, using the sequential Navascues-Pironio-Acin (NPA) hierarchy in the device-independent scenario, we derive lower bounds on the quantum intrinsic randomness of the maximally entangled state and maximally violated state.
description: 26 pages 5 figures
Rational Addiction Evidence From Carbonated Soft Drinks
Creators: name: Xiaoou, Liu
name: Xiaoou, Liu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: rational addiction
subject: carbonated soft drinks
subject: time-varying parameter model

description: This paper applies the Becker-Murphy (1988) theory of rational addiction to the case of carbonated soft drinks, using a time-varying parameter model and scanner data from 46 U.S. cities. Empirical results provide strong evidence that carbonated soft drinks are rationally addictive, thus opening the door to taxation and regulation. Taking rational addition into account, estimated demand elasticities are much lower than previous estimates using scanner data.
Additional file 3 of Evaluation of breath, plasma, and urinary markers of lactose malabsorption to diagnose lactase non-persistence following lactose or milk ingestion
Creators: name: Aahana Shrestha
name: Barnett, Matthew P. G.
name: Perry, Jo K.
name: Cameron-Smith, David
name: Milan, Amber M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File 3: Figure S2. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for breath H2, plasma glucose, and urinary galactose/creatinine ratio.
Development of an instrument for evaluating customer interface of B-to-C websites
Creators: name: Zhao, Xiaosong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This report describes the development of a web feature checklist that evaluates customer interfaces in the context of B-to-C (Business-to-Consumer) business. The associated study concentrated on the interaction between consumers and businesses, and the experimental design adopted as its framework the "7Cs" concept, which represents seven design elements to the customer interface introduced by Rayport, Jaworski, Griffin, and Dosiso in chapter four of "E-Commerce"(2000). The research was conducted in two phases. In phase one, a 113-item questionnaire pool was created by compiling issues proposed by the original 7Cs concept, in combination with items derived from existing guidelines, checklists and research works. Twelve respondents were then asked to categorize each item from the questionnaire pool into one of the "C" categories, using the card-sorting methodology discussed by Moore and Benbasat (1991). This process of sorting resulted in a 56-item checklist. In phase two, the checklist was applied to evaluate three websites selected and ranked by www.forbes.com. A non-parametric analysis showed that the ranking among the three websites by twelve respondents using the checklist were consistent with the ranking by Forbes. The test results proved that the checklist developed in this research can be an effective instrument for evaluating customer interface in B-to-C businesses. Limitations of the study and possible directions for future research are also addressed in this report.
Entropy-driven electron density and effective model Hamiltonian for boron systems
Creators: name: He, Chang-Chun
name: Xu, Shao-Gang
name: Zhao, Yu-Jun
name: Xu, Hu
name: Yang, Xiao-Bao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unique electron deficiency of boron makes it challenging to determine the stable structures, leading to a wide variety of forms. In this work, we introduce a statistical model based on grand canonical ensemble theory that incorporates the octet rule to determine electron density in boron systems. This parameter-free model, referred to as the bonding free energy (BFE) model, aligns well with first-principles calculations and accurately predicts total energies. For borane clusters, the model successfully predicts isomer energies, hydrogen diffusion pathways, and optimal charge quantity for closo-boranes. In all-boron clusters, the absence of B-H bond constraints enables increased electron delocalization and flexibility. The BFE model systematically explains the geometric structures and chemical bonding in boron clusters, revealing variations in electron density that clarify their structural diversity. For borophene, the BFE model predicts that hexagonal vacancy distributions are influenced by bonding entropy, with uniform electron density enhancing stability. Notably, our model predicts borophenes with a vacancy concentration of 1 6 to exhibit increased stability with long-range periodicity. Therefore, the BFE model serves as a practical criterion for structure prediction, providing essential insights into the stability and physical properties of boron-based systems.
Characterizing the network topology of the energy landscapes of atomic clusters
Creators: name: Doye, Jonathan P. K.
name: Massen, Claire P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By dividing potential energy landscapes into basins of attractions surrounding minima and linking those basins that are connected by transition state valleys, a network description of energy landscapes naturally arises. These networks are characterized in detail for a series of small Lennard-Jones clusters and show behaviour characteristic of small-world and scale-free networks. However, unlike many such networks, this topology cannot reflect the rules governing the dynamics of network growth, because they are static spatial networks. Instead, the heterogeneity in the networks stems from differences in the potential energy of the minima, and hence the hyperareas of their associated basins of attraction. The low-energy minima with large basins of attraction act as hubs in the network.Comparisons to randomized networks with the same degree distribution reveals structuring in the networks that reflects their spatial embedding.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Establishment and application of food defense plan in food processing enterprises
Creators: name: Lu, Qing
name: Lu, Jie
name: Huang, Bin
name: Gu, Shao-Ping
name: Qin, Hong
name: Lu, Qing
name: Lu, Jie
name: Huang, Bin
name: Gu, Shao-Ping
name: Qin, Hong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food defense plan
subject: Food processing enterprise
subject: Establishment
subject: Implementation
subject: China

description: We analyze the connotation and significance of food defense, and introduce the principles and steps of establishment and application of food defense plan. Finally, we prospect the development directions of food defense in China
Probing new physics in rare decays of b-flavored Hadrons $b\to s γ$ in CMSSM/mSUGRA SUSY SO (10) theories
Creators: name: Ghosh, Gayatri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The implications of the latest measurement of the branching fraction of B($ b\rightarrow s γ$) of b hadrons, which is another signature of New Physics beyond Standard Model is presented here. The quark transitions $ b \rightarrow s $, $ b \rightarrow d $ do not happen at tree level in the Standard Model as the Z boson does not couple to quarks of different flavour. In this work the present bounds on the quark transition $ b \rightarrow s $ within the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM), in which there are three independent soft SUSY breaking parameters $ m_{0} $, $ m_{1/2} $ and $ A_{0} $ is illustrated. The recent constraint on B($ b\rightarrow s γ$), B($ b_{s}\rightarrow μ^{+}μ^{-}$), the recently measured value of Higgs mass at LHC, $ M_{h} $, the value of $θ_{13}$ from reactor data and the Higgs branching ratios set very strong constraints on New Physics models, in particular supersymmetry. A new epoch for this research has begun since the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment started affording data for various observables for these decays. The results presented here in mSUGRA/CMSSM models may gain access to supersymmetry even at scales beyond the direct reach of the LHC and the susceptibleness to test these theories at the next run of LHC is also explored.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of A guide for studying among-individual behavioral variation from movement data in the wild
Creators: name: Hertel, Anne G.
name: Niemelä, Petri T.
name: Dingemanse, Niels J.
name: Mueller, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Full R code and tutorial guiding through the statistical methodology of the worked example.
Simulations of the End of Supersymmetric Hybrid Inflation and Non-Topological Soliton Formation
Creators: name: Broadhead, Matt
name: McDonald, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two- and three-dimensional simulations of the growth of quantum fluctuations of the scalar fields in supersymmetric hybrid inflation models. For a natural range of couplings, sub-horizon quantum fluctuations undergo rapid growth due to scalar field dynamics, resulting in the formation of quasi-stable non-topological solitons (inflaton condensate lumps) which dominate the post-inflation era.
description: 23 pages LaTeX, 6 eps figures. Typos corrected. Appendix B incorporated in main text. Version to be published in PRD
Sustainable development ability of grain production in Sichuan Province
Creators: name: Guo, Hong
name: Zou, Yi-Xing
name: Xiong, Guang
name: Guo, Hong
name: Zou, Yi-Xing
name: Xiong, Guang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Sichuan Province
subject: Grain production
subject: Sustainable development
subject: Principal component analysis
subject: Cluster analysis
subject: China

description: We set up the evaluation index system of the sustainable development ability of grain production on the basis of the overall analysis of grain production trend in Sichuan Province. And then we evaluate the sustainable development ability of grain production from 1990 to 2006 in Sichuan Province by adopting the method of principal component analysis. Result shows that the sustainable development ability of grain production has improved steadily, but there are some hidden troubles such as frequently changes of grain yield and gradually decrease of total farmland. Cluster analysis method is used to study on the sustainable development ability of grain production of 21 cities of Sichuan Province in the year 2006. result shows that grain production levels in different areas of Sichuan Province are similar and complementary. Finally, we put forward some proposals on how to improve the sustainable development ability of grain production.
Additional file 2 of Evaluation of breath, plasma, and urinary markers of lactose malabsorption to diagnose lactase non-persistence following lactose or milk ingestion
Creators: name: Aahana Shrestha
name: Barnett, Matthew P. G.
name: Perry, Jo K.
name: Cameron-Smith, David
name: Milan, Amber M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File 2: Figure S1. Pre and postprandial concentration of A) breath H2, B) plasma glucose and C) urinary galactose/creatinine between lactase persistent and lactase non-persistent individuals following ingestion of lactose, CON milk, and A2M. A) and B) show the timecoure change in breath H2 and plasma glucose respectively pre and post lactose and milk ingestion. C) shows the urinary galactose/creatinine concentration pre and post lactose and milk ingestion. Comparisons computed by generalised linear mixed model. Interaction between group and time are shown on each plot. * p
Electric and heat transport in a charge two-channel Kondo device
Creators: name: van Dalum, G. A. R.
name: Mitchell, A. K.
name: Fritz, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the experimental realization of a multi-channel charge Kondo device [Iftikhar et al., Nature 526, 233 (2015)], we study generic charge and heat transport properties of the charge two-channel Kondo model. We present a comprehensive discussion of the out-of-equilibrium and time-dependent charge transport, as well as thermal transport within linear response theory. The transport properties are calculated at, and also in the vicinity of, the exactly solvable Emery-Kivelson point, which has the form of a Majorana fermion resonant level model. We focus on regimes where our solution gives exact results for the physical quantum dot device, and highlight new predictions relevant to future experiments.
description: 57 pages, 8 figures
Applications of exact solution for strongly interacting one dimensional bose-fermi mixture: low-temperature correlation functions, density profiles and collective modes
Creators: name: Imambekov, Adilet
name: Demler, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider one dimensional interacting bose-fermi mixture with equal masses of bosons and fermions, and with equal and repulsive interactions between bose-fermi and bose-bose particles. Such a system can be realized in current experiments with ultracold bose-fermi mixtures.We apply the Bethe-ansatz technique to find the exact ground state energy at zero temperature for any value of interaction strength and density ratio between bosons and fermions. We use it to prove the absence of the demixing, contrary to prediction of a mean field approximation. Combining exact solution with local density approximation (LDA) in a harmonic trap, we calculate the density profiles and frequencies of collective modes in various limits. In the strongly interacting regime, we predict the appearance of low-lying collective oscillations which correspond to the counterflow of the two species. In the strongly interacting regime we use exact wavefunction to calculate the single particle correlation functions for bosons and fermions at low temperatures under periodic boundary conditions. We derive an analytical formula, which allows to calculate correlation functions at all distances numerically for a polynomial time in the system size. We investigate numerically two strong singularities of the momentum distribution for fermions at $k_f$ and $k_f+2k_b.$ We show, that in strongly interacting regime correlation functions change dramatically as temperature changes from 0 to a small temperature $\sim E_f/γ.$ A strong change of the momentum distribution in a small range of temperatures can be used to perform a thermometry at very small temperatures.
description: v2 More extensive discussion of collective modes, newfigures added
Logistics demand of agricultural products - A Case of Zhengzhou City of Henan Province
Creators: name: Wang, Xu-Ran
name: Yao, Xin-Sheng
name: Wei, Jian-Guang
name: Fan, Sha-Sha
name: Wang, Xu-Ran
name: Yao, Xin-Sheng
name: Wei, Jian-Guang
name: Fan, Sha-Sha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Agricultural products
subject: Agricultural products logistics
subject: Demand
subject: Forecast
subject: China

description: We define the category of agricultural products, and introduce the demand standard of population for agricultural products. Furthermore, we adopt the mathematical model to forecast the future population of Zhengzhou City, as well as the demand of agricultural products, the logistics demand and cost of agricultural products in Zhengzhou City in the year 2010.
An investigation of structures responsible for gender bias in BERT and DistilBERT
Creators: name: Leteno, Thibaud
name: Gourru, Antoine
name: Laclau, Charlotte
name: Gravier, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, large Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models (PLM) have changed the Natural Language Processing (NLP) landscape, by pushing the performance boundaries of the state-of-the-art on a wide variety of tasks. However, this performance gain goes along with an increase in complexity, and as a result, the size of such models (up to billions of parameters) represents a constraint for their deployment on embedded devices or short-inference time tasks. To cope with this situation, compressed models emerged (e.g. DistilBERT), democratizing their usage in a growing number of applications that impact our daily lives. A crucial issue is the fairness of the predictions made by both PLMs and their distilled counterparts. In this paper, we propose an empirical exploration of this problem by formalizing two questions: (1) Can we identify the neural mechanism(s) responsible for gender bias in BERT (and by extension DistilBERT)? (2) Does distillation tend to accentuate or mitigate gender bias (e.g. is DistilBERT more prone to gender bias than its uncompressed version, BERT)? Our findings are the following: (I) one cannot identify a specific layer that produces bias; (II) every attention head uniformly encodes bias; except in the context of underrepresented classes with a high imbalance of the sensitive attribute; (III) this subset of heads is different as we re-fine tune the network; (IV) bias is more homogeneously produced by the heads in the distilled model.
Strain-induced excitonic instability in twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Ochoa, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-energy bands of twisted bilayer graphene form Dirac cones with approximate electron-hole symmetry at small rotation angles. These crossings are protected by the emergent symmetries of moiré patterns, conferring a topological character to the bands. Strain accumulated between layers (heterostrain) shifts the Dirac points both in energy and momentum. The overlap of conduction and valence bands favors an excitonic instability of the Fermi surface close to the neutrality point. The spontaneous condensation of electron-hole pairs breaks time reversal symmetry and the separate conservation of charge within each valley sector. The order parameter describes interlayer circulating currents in a Kekulé-like orbital magnetization density wave. Vortices in this order parameter carry fermion numbers owing to the underlying topology of the bands. This mechanism may explain the occurrence of insulating states at neutrality in the most homogenous samples, where uniform strain fields contribute both to stabilizing the relative orientation between layers and to the formation of an excitonic gap.
description: 6 pages + SM, 3 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. B as Rapid Communication
Temporal and Between-Group Variability in College Dropout Prediction
Creators: name: Glandorf, Dominik
name: Lee, Hye Rin
name: Orona, Gabe Avakian
name: Pumptow, Marina
name: Yu, Renzhe
name: Fischer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale administrative data is a common input in early warning systems for college dropout in higher education. Still, the terminology and methodology vary significantly across existing studies, and the implications of different modeling decisions are not fully understood. This study provides a systematic evaluation of contributing factors and predictive performance of machine learning models over time and across different student groups. Drawing on twelve years of administrative data at a large public university in the US, we find that dropout prediction at the end of the second year has a 20% higher AUC than at the time of enrollment in a Random Forest model. Also, most predictive factors at the time of enrollment, including demographics and high school performance, are quickly superseded in predictive importance by college performance and in later stages by enrollment behavior. Regarding variability across student groups, college GPA has more predictive value for students from traditionally disadvantaged backgrounds than their peers. These results can help researchers and administrators understand the comparative value of different data sources when building early warning systems and optimizing decisions under specific policy goals.
description: Full paper accepted to Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK 2024)
Quantum Noise, Bits and Jumps: Uncertainties, Decoherence, Trajectories and Filtering
Creators: name: Belavkin, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that many dissipative phenomena of "old" quantum mechanics which appeared 100 years ago in the form of the statistics of quantum thermal noise and quantum spontaneous jumps, have never been explained by the "new" conservative quantum mechanics discovered 75 years ago by Heisenberg and Schroedinger. This led to numerous quantum paradoxes which are reconsidered in this paper. The development of quantum measurement theory, initiated by von Neumann, indicated a possibility for resolution of this interpretational crisis by divorcing the algebra of the dynamical generators from the algebra of the actual observables. It is shown that within this approach quantum causality can be rehabilitated in the form of a superselection rule for compatibility of past observables with the potential future. This rule, together with the self-compatibility of measurements insuring the consistency of histories, is called the nondemolition principle. The application of this causality condition in the form of the dynamical commutation relations leads to the derivation of the generalized von Neumann reductions, usharp, instantaneous, spontaneous, and even continuous in time. This gives a quantum probabilistic solution, in the form of the dynamical filtering equations, of the notorious measurement problem which was tackled unsuccessfully by many famous physicists starting with Schroedinger and Bohr. The simplest Markovian quantum stochastic model for the continuous in time measurements involves a boundary-value problem in second quantization for input "offer" waves in one extra dimension, and a reduction of the algebra of "actual" observables to an Abelian subalgebra for the output waves.
description: 47 pages. In celebration of the 100th anniversary of the discovery of quanta. See also http://www.maths.nott.ac.uk/personal/vpb/research/fil_con.html and the lecture presentation at http://www.maths.nottingham.ac.uk/personal/vpb/inaugural/index.htm
Comprehensive evaluation on urban competitiveness - A Case of Xinjiang Province
Creators: name: Wan, Qiu-Cheng
name: Wan, Qiu-Cheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Urban competitiveness
subject: Factor analysis
subject: Xinjiang province
subject: China

description: This paper constructs the index system and econometric model of comprehensive evaluation on urban competitiveness, then adopts the factor analysis method to measure the urban competitiveness of 22 prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang Province. The 22 prefecture-level cities are divided into four levels according to the measurement result. Comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the cities in each level is carried out. And related countermeasures and proposals on how to improve the urban competitiveness of the 22 cities are put forward.
Relationship between the industrial structure and economic growth of Guangdong Province
Creators: name: Li, Qian
name: Li, Hong-Yun
name: Li, Qian
name: Li, Hong-Yun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Industrial structure
subject: VAR model
subject: Impulse response function
subject: China

description: We quantitatively analyze the relationship between the industrial structure and economic growth in Guangdong Province of China from 1980 to 2006 by impulse response function and variance decomposition on the basis of the establishment of VAR model. Result shows that there is a long-term, stable and balanced relationship between the industrial structure and the actual economic growth in Guangdong Province with a reverse amendment mechanism. The industrial structure has a significant influence on the economic growth of Guangdong Province, but there is a certain lag phase of this influence. Economic growth has dependence on the industrial structure, which is showed by the structure of production value.
A trusted-node-free eight-user metropolitan quantum communication network
Creators: name: Joshi, Siddarth Koduru
name: Aktas, Djeylan
name: Wengerowsky, Sören
name: Lončarić, Martin
name: Neumann, Sebastian Philipp
name: Liu, Bo
name: Scheidl, Thomas
name: Currás-Lorenzo, Guillermo
name: Samec, Željko
name: Kling, Laurent
name: Qiu, Alex
name: Razavi, Mohsen
name: Stipčević, Mario
name: Rarity, John G.
name: Ursin, Rupert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum communication is rapidly gaining popularity due to its high security and technological maturity. However, most implementations are limited to just two communicating parties (users). Quantum communication networks aim to connect a multitude of users. Here we present a fully connected quantum communication network on a city wide scale without active switching or trusted nodes. We demonstrate simultaneous and secure connections between all 28 pairings of 8 users. Our novel network topology is easily scalable to many users, allows traffic management features and minimises the infrastructure as well as the user hardware needed.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables. Corrected typos, updated references