cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Epithelial Cells from Smokers Modify Dendritic Cell Responses in the Context of Influenza Infection
Creators: name: Horvath, Katherine M.
name: Zhang, Wenli
name: Brighton, Luisa E.
name: Carson, Johnny L.
name: Jaspers, Ilona
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for infection with influenza, but the mechanisms underlying this susceptibility remain unknown. To ascertain if airway epithelial cells from smokers demonstrate a decreased ability to orchestrate an influenza-induced immune response, we established a model using differentiated nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from nonsmokers and smokers, co-cultured with peripheral blood monocyte–derived dendritic cells (mono-DCs) from nonsmokers. NEC/mono-DC co-cultures were infected with influenza A virus and analyzed for influenza-induced immune responses 24 hours after infection. We observed that NECs from smokers, as well as mono-DCs co-cultured with NECs from smokers, exhibited suppressed influenza-induced, interferon-related proteins interferon regulatory factor–7, Toll-like receptor–3, and retinoic acid inducible gene–1, likely because of the suppressed production of IFNα from the NECs of smokers. Furthermore, NEC/mono-DC co-cultures using NECs from smokers exhibited suppressed concentrations of T-cell/natural killer cell chemokine interferon gamma–induced protein 10 (IP-10) after infection with influenza, indicating that NECs from smokers may skew early influenza-induced Th1 responses. In contrast, NEC/mono-DC co-cultures using NEC from smokers contained increased influenza-induced concentrations of the Th2 chemokine thymic stromal lymphopoeitin (TSLP). In addition, NECs from smokers cultured alone had increased influenza-induced concentrations of the Th2 chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC). Using this model, we demonstrated that in the context of infection with influenza, NECs obtained from smokers create an overall cytokine microenvironment that suppresses the interferon-mediated Th1 response and enhances the TSLP–TARC–mediated Th2 response, with the potential to modify the responses of DCs. Smoking-induced alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance may play a role in developing underlying susceptibilities to respiratory viral infections, and may also promote the likelihood of acquiring Th2 proallergic diseases.
Das Werk Edith Steins im Spannungsfeld von Wissen und Glauben
Creators: name: Stallmach, Josef
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 16 Nr. 2 (1987): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 16, Heft 2
An Assessment of Automated Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling on Drug Discovery for Novel Treatment of Blood Disorders
Creators: name: Agrawal, Parnika
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: The MYND domain of the ETO2 protein is a novel target for drugs aimed at treating sickle cell disease and related blood disorders.1,2 This study explored the application of automated quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, a machine learning application of in-silico drug discovery, to this target protein system using Schrödinger’s AutoQSAR software. The protein target in this study currently has no known drug-like binders, allowing the assessment of conducting every stage of lead discovery in-silico. A training set was generated using a preliminary docking study, from which QSAR models were built and verified across varying data splitting ratios. The most favorable of these models was subject to further testing to assess overfitting and ligand-inclusion/exclusion dependency, and a test set of QSAR predictions was evaluated for accuracy. The use of AutoQSAR modeling for this system was found to be unsuccessful, likely associated with the lack of verified drug-like binders in the training set.
From the Beginning: Key Transitions in the First 15 Years of DNSSEC
Creators: name: Osterweil, Eric
name: Tehrani, Pouyan Fotouhi
name: Schmidt, Thomas C.
name: Wählisch, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2

description: When the global rollout of the DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) began in 2005, a first-of-its-kind trial started: The complexity of a core Internet protocol was magnified in favor of better security for the overall Internet. Thereby, the scale of the loosely-federated delegation in DNS became an unprecedented cryptographic key management challenge. Though fundamental for current and future operational success, our community lacks a clear notion of how to empirically evaluate the process of securely transitioning keys.
 In this paper, we propose two building blocks to formally characterize and assess key transitions. First, the anatomy of key transitions, i.e., measurable and well-defined properties of key changes; and second, a novel classification model based on this anatomy for describing key transition practices in abstract terms. This abstraction allows for classifying operational behavior. We apply our proposed transition anatomy and transition classes to describe the global DNSSEC deployment. Specifically, we use measurements from the first 15 years of the DNSSEC rollout to detect and understand which key transitions have been used to what degree and which rates of errors and warnings occurred. In contrast to prior work, we consider all possible transitions and not only 1:1 key rollovers. Our results show measurable gaps between prescribed key management processes and key transitions in the wild. We also find evidence that such noncompliant transitions are needed in operations.
Viscous corrections to anisotropic flow and transverse momentum spectra from transport theory
Creators: name: Plumari, Salvatore
name: Guardo, Giovanni Luca
name: Greco, Vincenzo
name: Ollitrault, Jean-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Viscous hydrodynamics is commonly used to model the evolution of the matter created in an ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision. It provides a good description of transverse momentum spectra and anisotropic flow. These observables, however, cannot be consistently derived using viscous hydrodynamics alone, because they depend on the microscopic interactions at freeze-out. We derive the ideal hydrodynamic limit and the first-order viscous correction to anisotropic flow ($v_2$, $v_3$ and $v_4$) and momentum spectrum using a transport calculation. The linear response coefficient to the initial anisotropy, $v_n(p_T)/\varepsilon_n$, depends little on $n$ in the ideal hydrodynamic limit. The viscous correction to the spectrum depends not only on the differential cross section, but also on the initial momentum distribution. This dependence is not captured by standard second-order viscous hydrodynamics. The viscous correction to anisotropic flow increases with $p_T$, but this increase is slower than usually assumed in viscous hydrodynamic calculations. In particular, it is too slow to explain the observed maximum of $v_n$ at $p_T\sim 3$ GeV/c.
description: minor revision
Mecanismos extrajudiciales de reparación en materia de empresas y derechos humanos
Creators: name: Perdomo Vela, Liliana
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso audiovisual perteneciente al mooc Derechos humanos y empresas en el cual el experto German Zarama, Analista de Políticas y Punto Focal para América Latina del Centro de la OCDE para la Conducta Empresarial Responsable, habla sobre sobre el mecanismo de los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto -PNC- , las decisiones que se pueden tomar y los retos que enfrenta este mecanismo.
Measurement of the Airway Surface Liquid Volume with Simple Light Refraction Microscopy
Creators: name: Harvey, Peter R.
name: Garoff, Stephen
name: Tarran, Robert
name: Myerburg, Mike M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, the airway surface liquid (ASL) volume is depleted, impairing mucus clearance from the lung and leading to chronic airway infection and obstruction. Several therapeutics have been developed that aim to restore normal airway surface hydration to the CF airway, yet preclinical evaluation of these agents is hindered by the paucity of methods available to directly measure the ASL. Therefore, we sought to develop a straightforward approach to measure the ASL volume that would serve as the basis for a standardized method to assess mucosal hydration using readily available resources. Primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells cultured at an air–liquid interface develop a liquid meniscus at the edge of the culture. We hypothesized that the size of the fluid meniscus is determined by the ASL volume, and could be measured as an index of the epithelial surface hydration status. A simple method was developed to measure the volume of fluid present in meniscus by imaging the refraction of light at the ASL interface with the culture wall using low-magnification microscopy. Using this method, we found that primary CF HBE cells had a reduced ASL volume compared with non-CF HBE cells, and that known modulators of ASL volume caused the predicted responses. Thus, we have demonstrated that this method can detect physiologically relevant changes in the ASL volume, and propose that this novel approach may be used to rapidly assess the effects of airway hydration therapies in high-throughput screening assays.
Mucin Production during Prenatal and Postnatal Murine Lung Development
Creators: name: Rahmani, Mahdis
name: Ho, Samuel B.
name: Roy, Michelle G.
name: Hernandez, Jesus R.
name: Alexander, Samantha N.
name: Evans, Christopher M.
name: Ehre, Camille
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Mucus is a protective gel that lines respiratory tract surfaces. To identify potential roles for secreted gel–forming mucins in lung development, we isolated murine lungs on embryonic days (E) 12.5–18.5, and postnatal days (PN) days 5, 14, and 28. We measured the mucin gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR, and localization by histochemical and immunohistochemical labeling. Alcian blue/periodic acid–Schiff–positive cells are present from E15.5 through PN28. Muc5b transcripts were abundant at all time points from E14.5 to PN28. By contrast, transcript levels of Muc5ac and Muc2 were approximately 300 and 85,000 times lower, respectively. These data are supported by immunohistochemical studies demonstrating the production and localization of Muc5ac and Muc5b protein. This study indicates that mucin production is prominent in developing murine lungs and that Muc5b is an early, abundant, and persistent marker of bronchial airway secretory cells, thereby implicating it as an intrinsic component of homeostatic mucosal defense in the lungs.
Vor fünfzig Jahren: "Mit brennender Sorge"
Creators: name: Lechner, Kilian
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 16 Nr. 2 (1987): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 16, Heft 2
The Effect Of Addition Of Castor Oil, Grape.pdf
Creators: name: Taqa, Amer
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110501 Dental Materials and Equipment
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of addition of some natural and beneficial oils (Castoroil, Grape seed oil and Fenufreek oil) in different concentrations (1.5%,2%,2.5%) on some properties(chemical structure, residual monomer, transverse strength and color change) of cold cured acrylic resin.Materials & Method: One hundred samples were prepared from Respal cold cured acrylic resin.Tensamples were the control, thirty samples were prepared with addition of each oil (ten samples for eachconcentration). Each group of samples were evaluated for chemical structure (by Fourier Transform InfraredSpectrophotometer), residual monomer (by U.V. spectrophotometer), transverse strength (by instrontesting machine) and color change by (Vita easy-shade).Results: the results were analysed statisticallyby ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. Conclusion: it’s shown that the Castor oil additive (2.5%)showed decrease in the residual monomer release and not significant difference in transverse strength,lightness, chroma and hue from the standard group.
Dicke superradiance in ordered lattices: dimensionality matters
Creators: name: Sierra, Eric
name: Masson, Stuart J.
name: Asenjo-Garcia, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dicke superradiance in ordered atomic arrays is a phenomenon where atomic synchronization gives rise to a burst in photon emission. This superradiant burst only occurs if there is one -- or just a few -- dominant decay channels. For a fixed atom number, this happens only below a critical interatomic distance. Here we show that array dimensionality is the determinant factor that drives superradiance. In 2D and 3D arrays, superradiance occurs due to constructive interference, which grows stronger with atom number. This leads to a critical distance that scales sublogarithmically with atom number in 2D, and as a power law in 3D. In 1D arrays, superradiance occurs due to destructive interference that effectively switches off certain decay channels, yielding a critical distance that saturates with atom number. Our results provide a guide to explore many-body decay in state-of-the art experimental setups.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. This version is in line with the published version
The Chemokine, CCL3, and Its Receptor, CCR1, Mediate Thoracic Radiation–Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Creators: name: Yang, Xuebin
name: Haskell, Christopher A.
name: Horuk, Richard
name: Cook, Donald N.
name: Tilley, Stephen
name: Hua, Xiaoyang
name: Blackstock, A. William
name: Walton, William
name: Kirby*, Suzanne L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Patients receiving thoracic radiation often develop pulmonary injury and fibrosis. Currently, there are no effective measures to prevent or treat these conditions. We tested whether blockade of the chemokine, CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 3, and its receptors, CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 1 and CCR5, can prevent radiation-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. C57BL/6J mice received thoracic radiation, and the interaction of CCL3 with CCR1 or CCR5 was blocked using genetic techniques, or by pharmacologic intervention. Lung inflammation was assessed by histochemical staining of lung tissue and by flow cytometry. Fibrosis was measured by hydroxyproline assays and collagen staining, and lung function was studied by invasive procedures. Irradiated mice lacking CCL3 or its receptor, CCR1, did not develop the lung inflammation, fibrosis, and decline in lung function seen in irradiated wild-type mice. Pharmacologic treatment of wild-type mice with a small molecule inhibitor of CCR1 also prevented lung inflammation and fibrosis. By contrast, mice lacking CCR5 were not protected from radiation-induced injury and fibrosis. The selective interaction of CCL3 with its receptor, CCR1, is critical for radiation-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, and these conditions can be largely prevented by a small molecule inhibitor of CCR1.
TNF-α–Converting Enzyme/A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease−17 Mediates Mechanotransduction in Murine Tracheal Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Blobel, Carl P.
name: Park, Jin-Ah
name: Horiuchi, Keisuke
name: Drazen, Jeffrey M.
name: Sunnarborg, Susan W.
name: Shiomi, Tetsuya
name: Tschumperlin, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Bronchoconstriction applies compressive stress to airway epithelial cells. We show that the application of compressive stress to cultured murine tracheal epithelial cells elicits the increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt through an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–dependent process, consistent with previous observations of the bronchoconstriction-induced activation of EGFR in both human and murine airways. Mechanotransduction requires metalloprotease activity, indicating a pivotal role for proteolytic EGF-family ligand shedding. However, cells derived from mice with targeted deletions of the EGFR ligands Tgfα and Hb-egf showed only modest decreases in responses, even when combined with neutralizing antibodies to the EGFR ligands epiregulin and amphiregulin, suggesting redundant or compensatory roles for individual EGF family members in mechanotransduction. In contrast, cells harvested from mice with a conditional deletion of the gene encoding the TNF-α–converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17), a sheddase for multiple EGF-family proligands, displayed a near-complete attenuation of ERK and Akt phosphorylation responses and compressive stress–induced gene regulation. Our data provide strong evidence that TACE plays a critical central role in the transduction of compressive stress.
A targeted search for strongly lensed supernovae with the Las Cumbres Observatory
Creators: name: Craig, Peter
name: O'Connor, Kyle
name: Chakrabarti, Sukanya
name: Rodney, Steven A.
name: Pierel, Justin R.
name: McCully, Curtis
name: Perez-Fournon, Ismael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitationally lensed supernovae (glSNe) are of interest for time delay cosmology and SN physics. However, glSNe detections are rare, owing to the intrinsic rarity of SN explosions, the necessity of alignment with a foreground lens, and the relatively short window of detectability. We present the Las Cumbres Observatory Lensed Supernova Search, LCOLSS, a targeted survey designed for detecting glSNe in known strong lensing systems. Using cadenced r'-band imaging, LCOLSS targeted 114 galaxy-galaxy lensing systems with high expected SN rates, based on estimated star formation rates. No plausible glSN was detected by LCOLSS during our two year observing program. We carry out an analysis here to measure a detection efficiency for these observations. We then perform Monte Carlo simulations using the predicted supernova rates to determine the expected number of glSN detections. The results of the simulation suggest an expected number of detections and $68\%$ Poisson confidence intervals, $N_{SN} = 0.20, [0,2.1] $, $N_{Ia} = 0.08, [0,2.0]$, $N_{CC} = 0.12, [0,2.0]$, for all SNe, Type Ia SNe, and core-collapse (CC) SNe respectively. These results are broadly consistent with the absence of a detection in our survey. Analysis of the survey strategy can provide insights for future efforts to develop targeted glSN discovery programs, especially considering the large anticipated yields of upcoming surveys.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables. Accepted by MNRAS
The hadronic vacuum polarization and automatic O(a) improvement for twisted mass fermions
Creators: name: Burger, Florian
name: Hotzel, Grit
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Petschlies, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vacuum polarization tensor and the corresponding vacuum polarization function are the basis for calculations of numerous observables in lattice QCD. Examples are the hadronic contributions to lepton anomalous magnetic moments, the running of the electroweak and strong couplings and quark masses. Quantities which are derived from the vacuum polarization tensor often involve a summation of current correlators over all distances in position space leading thus to the appearance of short-distance terms. The mechanism of O(a) improvement in the presence of such short-distance terms is not directly covered by the usual arguments of on-shell improvement of the action and the operators for a given quantity. If such short-distance contributions appear, the property of O(a) improvement needs to be reconsidered. We discuss the effects of these short-distance terms on the vacuum polarization function for twisted mass lattice QCD and find that even in the presence of such terms automatic O(a) improvement is retained if the theory is tuned to maximal twist.
description: 25 pages, 1 ancillary file; version published in JHEP
CD11c + /CD11b + Cells Are Critical for Organic Dust–Elicited Murine Lung Inflammation
Creators: name: Gleason, Angela M.
name: van Rooijen, Nico
name: Romberger, Debra J.
name: Poole, Jill A.
name: Bauer, Christopher
name: Alexis, Neil
name: West, William W.
name: Reynolds, Stephen J.
name: Kielian, Tammy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Organic dust exposure in the agricultural industry results in significant lung disease. Macrophage infiltrates are increased in the lungs after organic dust exposures, yet the phenotype and functional importance of these cells remain unclear. Using an established intranasal inhalation murine model of dust-induced lung inflammation, animals were treated once or daily for 3 weeks with swine confinement organic dust extract (DE). Repetitive DE treatment for 3 weeks resulted in significant increases in CD11c+/CD11b+ macrophages in whole lung–associated tissue. These cells displayed increased costimulatory molecule (CD80 and CD86) expression, enhanced phagocytic ability, and an increased production of IL-6, CXCL1, and CXCL2. Similar findings were observed with the CD11c+/CD11b+ macrophage infiltrate after repetitive exposure to peptidoglycan, a major DE component. To determine the functional importance of macrophages in mediating DE-induced airway inflammation, lung macrophages were selectively depleted using a well-established intranasal clodronate liposome depletion/suicide strategy. First, macrophage depletion by clodronate liposomes resulted in significant reductions in airway neutrophil influx and TNF-α and IL-6 production after a single exposure to DE. In contrast, after repetitive 3-week exposure to DE, airway lavage fluid and lung tissue neutrophils were significantly increased in clodronate liposome–treated mice compared with control mice. A histological examination of lung tissue demonstrated striking increases in alveolar and bronchiolar inflammation, as well as in the size and distribution of cellular aggregates in clodronate–liposome versus saline–liposome groups repetitively exposed to DE. These studies demonstrate that DE elicits activated CD11c+/CD11b+ macrophages in the lung, which play a critical role in regulating the outcome of DE-induced airway inflammation.
Characterizing and Managing Financial Risks in Algae Production for Biodiverse Strains
Creators: name: Canavan, Evan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Algal biofuels are a renewable fuel alternative that have garnered interest for their significant advantages over traditional crop-based fuels. Higher yields per acre, recyclable inputs and outputs, and valuable co-product generation are all optimal by-products of commercial biofuel production that warrant their attractiveness. Previous research suggests that algal biofuels will require further development and process engineering to become a cost competitive alternative. The majority of these studies, however, fail to consider the extent to which market conditions, growth parameters, and weather patterns influence algae growth productivity. This study will explore the three as financial risk factors using stochastic modeling for simulated biofuel producers of both freshwater and high alkalinity strains of algae. Furthermore, financial instruments catered to these biofuel producers will be designed that can mitigate their environmental financial risks. For the purpose of this study, index-based insurance policies with payouts based on weather and market conditions are the primary approach explored in tandem with reserve funds. Results suggest that the higher growth productivity of the high alkalinity strain in combination with multiple risk management strategies can alleviate environmental financial risks experienced by the algae producer. This framework then allows the producer to manage its risk at a lower cost while reducing its dependency on liquid assets (i.e reserves) for handling economic downturns. Moreover, assessing the financial condition of algae producers has applications to recent legislation aimed at bolstering agricultural alternatives for fuel and product manufacturing.
Kardinal Joseph Mindszenty - Glaubenszeuge
Creators: name: Meszárós, Tibor
name: Greiner, Franz
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 16 Nr. 2 (1987): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 16, Heft 2
Dimensiones de la vulnerabilidad
Creators: name: Palacios Sanabria, María Teresa
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso multimedial perteneciente al mooc Enfoque diferencial para el logro de la igualdad en el cual se presentan las dimensiones de lo que se ha determinado como vulnerabilidad, en el contexto del derecho a la igualdad.
Quantum quenches and many-body localization in the thermodynamic limit
Creators: name: Tang, Baoming
name: Iyer, Deepak
name: Rigol, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use thermalization indicators and numerical linked cluster expansions to probe the onset of many-body localization in a disordered one-dimensional hard-core boson model in the thermodynamic limit. We show that after equilibration following a quench from a delocalized state, the momentum distribution indicates a freezing of one-particle correlations at higher values than in thermal equilibrium. The position of the delocalization to localization transition, identified by the breakdown of thermalization with increasing disorder strength, is found to be consistent with the value from the level statistics obtained via full exact diagonalization of finite chains. Our results strongly support the existence of a many-body localized phase in the thermodynamic limit.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, as published
Effects of Nanostructured Sapropel on the Live Weight of Geese and the Quality of Their Meat
Creators: name: A.M. Ezhkova, V.O. Ezhkov
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Nanostructured sapropel
Meat productivity
Geese livestock
Feed additive
Average daily gain
Nanoparticles
Chemical elements in goose meat, Linda geese
Atomic emission spectrometer
Heavy metal residual in meat.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11, 14, 11A14S: 1-9
Reevaluation of spin-dependent WIMP-proton interactions as an explanation of the DAMA data
Creators: name: Del Nobile, Eugenio
name: Gelmini, Graciela B.
name: Georgescu, Andreea
name: Huh, Ji-Haeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reexamine the interpretation of the annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA experiment as due to WIMPs with a spin-dependent coupling mostly to protons. We consider both axial-vector and pseudo-scalar couplings, and elastic as well as endothermic and exothermic inelastic scattering. We conclude that the DAMA signal is in strong tension with null results of other direct detection experiments, particularly PICASSO and KIMS.
description: Section on halo-independent analysis added and other small changes in the SHM data analysis made
Reviewing the Risk and Protective Factors in Schools Related to Chinese Adolescent Suicide
Creators: name: Gomez, Briany
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This review aims to explore the literature on the school-related risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Chinese adolescents. This review explores three school-related constructs: (1) academic stress, (2) peer relationships, and (3) school climate. The Ecological Systems Theory and the Interpersonal Psychological Theory were used as frameworks to examine these constructs. Search engines like Psych Info and Google Scholar and reference mining were used to search for articles. A total of 6 articles were included in the review, resulting in three main takeaways: 1) similarities and differences in study findings compared to the selected theories, 2) the relevance of mediation and moderating factors in research, and 3) the need for gender-based approaches to research in regards to peer relationships.
Implications from findings inform how to best serve and reduce suicide among Chinese youth.
Leishmania infantum arginase: biochemical characterization and inhibition by naturally occurring phenolic substances
Creators: name: Andreza R. Garcia
name: Oliveira, Danielle M. P.
name: Amaral, Ana Claudia F.
name: Jéssica B. Jesus
name: Sodero, Ana Carolina Rennó
name: Souza, Alessandra M. T.
name: Supuran, Claudiu T.
name: Vermelho, Alane B.
name: Rodrigues, Igor A.
name: Pinheiro, Anderson S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Inhibition of Leishmania arginase leads to a decrease in parasite growth and infectivity and thus represents an attractive therapeutic strategy. We evaluated the inhibitory potential of selected naturally occurring phenolic substances on Leishmania infantum arginase (ARGLi) and investigated their antileishmanial activity in vivo. ARGLi exhibited a Vmax of 0.28 ± 0.016 mM/min and a Km of 5.1 ± 1.1 mM for L-arginine. The phenylpropanoids rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid (100 µM) showed percentages of inhibition of 71.48 ± 0.85% and 56.98 ± 5.51%, respectively. Moreover, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid displayed the greatest effects against L. infantum with IC50 values of 57.3 ± 2.65 and 60.8 ± 11 μM for promastigotes, and 7.9 ± 1.7 and 21.9 ± 5.0 µM for intracellular amastigotes, respectively. Only caffeic acid significantly increased nitric oxide production by infected macrophages. Altogether, our results broaden the current spectrum of known arginase inhibitors and revealed promising drug candidates for the therapy of visceral leishmaniasis.
Voluntary Resettlement of Young Compatriots in Agricultural Regions of Siberia: Case of State Policy Implementation
Creators: name: S.Y. Jangozyan, K.I. Kolesnikova
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Young compatriots
Voluntary resettlement
Agricultural areas
Agriculture settlement
Siberia settlement
Migration direction
Rural settlement.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11, 14, 11A14T: 1-10
Are We There Yet? Timing and Floating-Point Attacks on Differential Privacy Systems
Creators: name: Jin, Jiankai
name: McMurtry, Eleanor
name: Rubinstein, Benjamin I. P.
name: Ohrimenko, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Differential privacy is a de facto privacy framework that has seen adoption in practice via a number of mature software platforms. Implementation of differentially private (DP) mechanisms has to be done carefully to ensure end-to-end security guarantees. In this paper we study two implementation flaws in the noise generation commonly used in DP systems. First we examine the Gaussian mechanism's susceptibility to a floating-point representation attack. The premise of this first vulnerability is similar to the one carried out by Mironov in 2011 against the Laplace mechanism. Our experiments show attack's success against DP algorithms, including deep learning models trained using differentially-private stochastic gradient descent.
 In the second part of the paper we study discrete counterparts of the Laplace and Gaussian mechanisms that were previously proposed to alleviate the shortcomings of floating-point representation of real numbers. We show that such implementations unfortunately suffer from another side channel: a novel timing attack. An observer that can measure the time to draw (discrete) Laplace or Gaussian noise can predict the noise magnitude, which can then be used to recover sensitive attributes. This attack invalidates differential privacy guarantees of systems implementing such mechanisms.
 We demonstrate that several commonly used, state-of-the-art implementations of differential privacy are susceptible to these attacks. We report success rates up to 92.56% for floating-point attacks on DP-SGD, and up to 99.65% for end-to-end timing attacks on private sum protected with discrete Laplace. Finally, we evaluate and suggest partial mitigations.
description: In Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (IEEE S&P 2022)
Spontaneous parametric down conversion in chirped, aperiodically-poled crystals
Creators: name: Sanchez-Lozano, X.
name: Lucio, Jose Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical analysis of the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in a non-linear crystal characterized by a linearly-chirped X(2) grating along the direction of propagation. Our analysis leads to an expression for the joint spectral amplitude, based on which we can derive various spectral-temporal properties of the photon pairs and of the heralded single photons obtained from the photon pairs, including: the single photon spectrum, the chronocyclic Wigner function and the Schmidt number. The simulations that we present are for the specific case of a collinear SPDC source based on a PPLN crystal with the signal and idler photons emitted close to the telecom window. We discuss the mechanism for spectral broadening due to the presence of a linearly chirped X(2) grating, showing that not only the width but also to some extent the shape of the SPDC spectrum maybe controlled. Also, we discuss how the fact that the different spectral components are emitted on different planes in the crystal leads to single-photon chirp.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Evaluación e identificación de impactos en Derechos Humanos
Creators: name: Perdomo Vela, Liliana
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso interactivo perteneciente al mooc Derechos humanos y empresas en el cual se presentan varios elementos para construir una matriz de evaluación e identificación de impactos en Derechos Humanos en el marco de un proceso de debida diligencia.
Profiling cell cycle dysregulation in tamoxifen resistant T47D breast cancer
Creators: name: Davis, Harris
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Endocrine therapy in combination with a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor following tumor resection is the standard of care for hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer. Fractional resistance to endocrine therapy—specifically tamoxifen—is a major cause of tumor recurrence in HR+ breast cancer. Models correlating cell cycle marker expression with patient outcome metrics such as progression free survival (PFS) have been applied with varying degrees of success to predicting patient outcomes and personalizing treatment. However, the systems-level cell cycle reprogramming events that occur to drive resistance remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize a bioinformatics model of the cell cycle in T47D breast cancer in terms of protein expression throughout its canonical phases—G1, S, G2/M, and G0 (arrest)—via iterative immunofluorescence and PHATE dimensionality reduction. We then further describe the protein signatures of tamoxifen resistant T47D in G1/S presented by the model. We anticipate that further investigation of the dysregulation of cell cycle markers may help inform second line treatment decisions for recurrent HR+ breast cancer.
Identification of annealing temperature for high-$κ$-based gate oxides using differential scanning calorimetry
Creators: name: Biswas, Debaleen
name: Sinha, Anil Kumar
name: Chakraborty, Supratic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article identifies the process of crystallization of thin high-$κ$ dielectric films and an optimal range of annealing temperature in the field of high-$κ$ dielectric-based metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) technology for its improved electrical performances. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique is employed to understand the thermal behaviour of thin high-$κ$ dielectric films of HfO$_2$, deposited by rf sputtering, on Si. The exothermic trends of the DSC signal and Grazing Incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) data indicate an amorphous to crystalline transition in the high-$κ$ film at higher temperature. The enthalpy-temperature variation shows a glass temperature (T$_g$) at $\sim$ 590 $^o$C beyond which an amorphous to m-HfO$_2$ crystalline transition takes place. Further, the Hf-Silicate formation, observed in DSC measurement and corroborated by Fourier transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies, indicates that the process of formation of Hf-Silicate begins at $\sim$ 717 $^oC$. High-frequency (HF) capacitance-voltage $(C-V)$ and current density - voltage $(J-V)$ characteristics establish that the crystallization of the film is not the root cause of degradation of the electrical properties of the high-$κ$-based MOS devices, rather the device degrades due to formation of interfacial Hf-Silicate.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Hyperbolic groups containing subgroups of type $\mathscr{F}_{3}$ not $\mathscr{F}_{4}$
Creators: name: Isenrich, Claudio Llosa
name: Martelli, Bruno
name: Py, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F67 (Primary), 20F65, 57M07, 20J05, 20F05 (Secondary)

description: We give examples of hyperbolic groups which contain subgroups that are of type $\mathscr{F}_{3}$ but not of type $\mathscr{F}_{4}$. These groups are obtained by Dehn filling starting from a non-uniform lattice in ${\rm PO}(8,1)$ which was previously studied by Italiano, Martelli and Migliorini.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure
International Law and Just War Theory: The Insufficiency in Protecting the Legal Rights of Prisoners of the War on Terror due to the Exploitation of The Gray Zone
Creators: name: Nadeen Atieh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: In this paper, I will argue that prisoners from nonstate actors should be provided the same rights as other POWs from state actors on the basis of human dignity. Moreover, to account for the “gray zone” created by the exclusion of these nonstate actors, nonstate actors and nonstate enemy combatants must be adopted into our just war framework and international law paradigm. Here, the nonstate actors that are not included are those who do not commit to fight in accordance with IHL These nonstate actors still deserve to be treated with the same humanity as a state actor fighting in agreement with customary IHL. If we do not account for the gray zone and protect the rights of these nonstate actors, we open the door for human rights abuses and a blatant disregard for humanity. This highlights the insufficiency in current international humanitarian law and just war theory, as there is an immediate exploitation of the gray zone that disregards the rights of the prisoners of the War on Terror and places their humanity second to the states’ political pursuit.
Genome Reference and Sequence Variation in the Large Repetitive Central Exon of Human MUC5AC
Creators: name: Ranade, Swati S
name: Pace, Rhonda G
name: Voynow, Judith A
name: Stonebraker, Jaclyn R
name: Zheng, Shuo
name: Yuan, George
name: O'Neal, Wanda K
name: Dang, Hong
name: Knowles, Michael R
name: Haridass, Prashamsha
name: Boellmann, Frank
name: Corcoran, David L
name: Guo, Xueliang
name: Fedrigo, Olivier
name: Jones, Corbin D
name: Seibold, Max A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Despite modern sequencing efforts, the difficulty in assembly of highly repetitive sequences has prevented resolution of human genome gaps, including some in the coding regions of genes with important biological functions. One such gene, MUC5AC, encodes a large, secreted mucin, which is one of the two major secreted mucins in human airways. The MUC5AC region contains a gap in the human genome reference (hg19) across the large, highly repetitive, and complex central exon. This exon is predicted to contain imperfect tandem repeat sequences and multiple conserved cysteine-rich (CysD) domains. To resolve the MUC5AC genomic gap, we used high-fidelity long PCR followed by single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. This technology yielded long sequence reads and robust coverage that allowed for de novo sequence assembly spanning the entire repetitive region. Furthermore, we used SMRT sequencing of PCR amplicons covering the central exon to identify genetic variation in four individuals. The results demonstrated the presence of segmental duplications of CysD domains, insertions/deletions (indels) of tandem repeats, and single nucleotide variants. Additional studies demonstrated that one of the identified tandem repeat insertions is tagged by nonexonic single nucleotide polymorphisms. Taken together, these data illustrate the successful utility of SMRT sequencing long reads for de novo assembly of large repetitive sequences to fill the gaps in the human genome. Characterization of the MUC5AC gene and the sequence variation in the central exon will facilitate genetic and functional studies for this critical airway mucin.
Hypertonic Saline Is Effective in the Prevention and Treatment of Mucus Obstruction, but Not Airway Inflammation, in Mice with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Creators: name: Mall, Marcus A.
name: Graeber, Simon Y.
name: Hirtz, Stephanie
name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: Schatterny, Jolanthe
name: Zhou-Suckow, Zhe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Recent evidence suggests that inadequate hydration of airway surfaces is a common mechanism in the pathogenesis of airway mucus obstruction. Inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) induces osmotic water flux, improving hydration of airway surfaces. However, trials in patients with obstructive lung diseases are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of HS on mucus obstruction and airway inflammation in the prevention and treatment of obstructive lung disease in vivo. We, therefore, used the β-epithelial Na+ channel (βENaC)–overexpressing mouse as a model of chronic obstructive lung disease and determined effects of preventive and late therapy with 3% HS and 7% HS on pulmonary mortality, airway mucus obstruction, and inflammation. We found that preventive treatment with 3% HS and 7% HS improved growth, reduced mortality, and reduced mucus obstruction in neonatal βENaC-overexpressing mice. In adult βENaC-overexpressing mice with chronic lung disease, mucus obstruction was significantly reduced by 7% HS, but not by 3% HS. Treatment with HS triggered airway inflammation with elevated keratinocyte chemoattractant levels and neutrophils in airways from wild-type mice, but reduced keratinocyte chemoattractant in chronic neutrophilic inflammation in adult βENaC-overexpressing mice. Our data demonstrate that airway surface rehydration with HS provides an effective preventive and late therapy of mucus obstruction with no consistent effects on inflammation in chronic lung disease. These results suggest that, through mucokinetic effects, HS may be beneficial for patients with a spectrum of obstructive lung diseases, and that additional strategies are required for effective treatment of associated airway inflammation.
Ist der Gekreuzigte "selig"?
Creators: name: Balthasar, Hans Urs Von
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 16 Nr. 2 (1987): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 16, Heft 2
Inflammation Promotes Airway Epithelial ATP Release via Calcium-Dependent Vesicular Pathways
Creators: name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: Okada, Seiko F.
name: Abdullah, Lubna H.
name: van Heusden, Catharina
name: Ribeiro, Carla M. P.
name: Lazarowski, Eduardo R.
name: Seminario-Vidal, Lucia
name: Sesma, Juliana I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ATP in airway surface liquid (ASL) controls mucociliary clearance functions via the activation of airway epithelial purinergic receptors. However, abnormally elevated ATP levels have been reported in inflamed airways, suggesting that excessive ATP in ASL contributes to airway inflammation. Despite these observations, little is known about the mechanisms of ATP accumulation in the ASL covering inflamed airways. In this study, links between cystic fibrosis (CF)–associated airway inflammation and airway epithelial ATP release were investigated. Primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells isolated from CF lungs exhibited enhanced IL-8 secretion after 6 to 11 days, but not 28 to 35 days, in culture, compared with normal HBE cells. Hypotonic cell swelling–promoted ATP release was increased in 6- to 11-day-old CF HBE cells compared with non-CF HBE cells, but returned to normal values after 28 to 35 days in culture. The exposure of non-CF HBE cells to airway secretions isolated from CF lungs, namely, sterile supernatants of mucopurulent material (SMM), also caused enhanced IL-8 secretion and increased ATP release. The SMM-induced increase in ATP release was sensitive to Ca2+ chelation and vesicle trafficking/exocytosis inhibitors, but not to pannexin inhibition. Transcript levels of the vesicular nucleotide transporter, but not pannexin 1, were up-regulated after SMM exposure. SMM-treated cultures displayed increased basal mucin secretion, but mucin secretion was not enhanced in response to hypotonic challenge after the exposure of cells to either vehicle or SMM. We propose that CF airway inflammation up-regulates the capacity of airway epithelia to release ATP via Ca2+-dependent vesicular mechanisms not associated with mucin granule secretion.