cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Farm management, not soil microbial diversity, controls nutrient loss from smallholder tropical agriculture
Creators: name: Wood, Stephen Andrew
name: Almaraz, Maya
name: Bradford, Mark A.
name: McGuire, Krista Lynn
name: Naeem, Shahid
name: Neill, Christopher
name: Palm, Cheryl A.
name: Tully, Katherine L.
name: Zhou, Jizhong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbial diversity
subject: Soil microbial ecology
subject: Tropical crops
subject: Farms, Small

description: Tropical smallholder agriculture is undergoing rapid transformation in nutrient cycling pathways as international development efforts strongly promote greater use of mineral fertilizers to increase crop yields. These changes in nutrient availability may alter the composition of microbial communities with consequences for rates of biogeochemical processes that control nutrient losses to the environment. Ecological theory suggests that altered microbial diversity will strongly influence processes performed by relatively few microbial taxa, such as denitrification and hence nitrogen losses as nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas. Whether this theory helps predict nutrient losses from agriculture depends on the relative effects of microbial community change and increased nutrient availability on ecosystem processes. We find that mineral and organic nutrient addition to smallholder farms in Kenya alters the taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbes. However, we find that the direct effects of farm management on both denitrification and carbon mineralization are greater than indirect effects through changes in the taxonomic and functional diversity of microbial communities. Changes in functional diversity are strongly coupled to changes in specific functional genes involved in denitrification, suggesting that it is the expression, rather than abundance, of key functional genes that can serve as an indicator of ecosystem process rates. Our results thus suggest that widely used broad summary statistics of microbial diversity based on DNA may be inappropriate for linking microbial communities to ecosystem processes in certain applied settings. Our results also raise doubts about the relative control of microbial composition compared to direct effects of management on nutrient losses in applied settings such as tropical agriculture.
Retrofitting and the Epistemological Problem of Urban Sustainability
Creators: name: De Castro Mazarro, Alejandro
name: Albir, Adelaida
name: Lemaitre Palma, Jose Gabriel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Sustainable buildings
Sustainable architecture
Buildings--Retrofitting
Environmental justice
City planning

description: The growing use of green building certificates within the construction industry reflects a societal shift towards environmentally sensitive practices. However, role of technology in providing sustainable commodities can be considered contradictory: while green building certificates neither incentivize, nor disincentivize new construction building in favor of refurbishing, they pose an implicit claim that new construction buildings can be, at the least, as sustainable as retrofitting ones. This paper adds to the rhetorical analysis of sustainability’s discourse by analyzing the gap existing among knowledge and discourse, in public policy arguments made regarding to the choice between building refurbishing and demolition. In the light of the analysis of main indicators of the “three pillars of sustainability” and follows a current policy debate at Bajos de Mena (Chile) where the discussion between opting for refurbishing and new building construction of social housing takes place. In doing so, the paper addresses the quantitative-bias leveraging a developmentalist approach towards urbanization, and highlights the underlying epistemological conflict eroding the notion of sustainability.
Pottery Vessels Used for Shipping Goods in the Western Mediterranean During the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Periods
Creators: name: Carascio, Marta
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 31, 1-12
description: This paper discusses the production and circulation of vessels used for storing and shipping goods in the Western Mediterranean during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. As within this area a considerable number of different types of storage vessels has been used for filling vaults, they can be dated with a high degree of precision. For this reason I will discuss the importance of these objects in dating archaeological records, with an eye on their functional aspects and comparing archaeological evidence and documentary sources. The analysis of forms, bodies and marks makes it possible to understand where these objects were made. This data can be used to reconstruct the circulation and trade not only of these vessels, but also of the goods that were shipped inside them.
Heat-Bath Cooling of Spins in Two Amino Acids
Creators: name: Elias, Yuval
name: Gilboa, Haggai
name: Mor, Tal
name: Weinstein, Yossi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Heat-bath cooling is a component of practicable algorithmic cooling of spins, an approach which might be useful for in vivo 13C spectroscopy, in particular for prolonged metabolic processes where substrates that are hyperpolarized ex-vivo are not effective. We applied heat-bath cooling to 1,2-13C2-amino acids, using the alpha protons to shift entropy from selected carbons to the environment. For glutamate and glycine, both carbons were cooled by about 2.5-fold, and in other experiments the polarization of C1 nearly doubled while all other spins had equilibrium polarization, indicating reduction in total entropy. The effect of adding Magnevist, a gadolinium contrast agent, on heat-bath cooling of glutamate was investigated.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, presented at the International Society for Magnetic Resonance (ISMAR) in Florence, 2010
Magnetic rotations in 198Pb and 199Pb within covariant density functional theory
Creators: name: Yu, L. F.
name: Zhao, P. W.
name: Zhang, S. Q.
name: Ring, P.
name: Meng, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Well-known examples of shears bands in the nuclei 198Pb and 199Pb are investigated within tilted axis cranking relativistic mean-field theory. Energy spectra, the relation between spin and rotational frequency, deformation parameters and reduced $M1$ and $E2$ transition probabilities are calculated. The results are in good agreement with available data and with calculations based on the phenomenological pairing plus-quadrupole-quadrupole tilted-axis cranking model. It is shown that covariant density functional theory provides a successful microscopic and fully self-consistent description of magnetic rotation in the Pb region showing the characteristic properties as the shears mechanism and relatively large B(M1) transitions decreasing with increasing spin.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
A Post-Medieval Pottery Production Site at Elphinstone, Airth, Stirlingshire
Creators: name: Anderson, Sue
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 31, 51-56
description: Limited fieldwork was carried out in 2008 and 2009 on the site of the 19th-century Dunmore Pottery in Airth. A pit containing wasters and kiln material from an earlier 18th-century production site was identified as part of the broader industry based around Throsk, Stirlingshire. The range of vessels from the Dunmore site is described and the production site placed in context within the industry.
Inversion of circular means and the wave equation on convex planar domains
Creators: name: Haltmeier, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L05, 44A12, 65R32, 92C55

description: We study the problem of recovering the initial data of the two dimensional wave equation from values of its solution on the boundary $\partial \Om$ of a smooth convex bounded domain $\Om \subset \R^2$. As a main result we establish back-projection type inversion formulas that recover any initial data with support in $\Om$ modulo an explicitly computed smoothing integral operator $\K_\Om$. For circular and elliptical domains the operator $\K_\Om$ is shown to vanish identically and hence we establish exact inversion formulas of the back-projection type in these cases. Similar results are obtained for recovering a function from its mean values over circles with centers on $\partial \Om$. Both reconstruction problems are, amongst others, essential for the hybrid imaging modalities photoacoustic and thermoacoustic tomography.
description: [14 pages, 2 figures]
Optimal coherent control of CARS: signal enhancement and background elimination
Creators: name: Gao, Fang
name: Shuang, Feng
name: Shi, JunHui
name: Rabitz, Herschel
name: Wang, HaiFeng
name: Cheng, JiXin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to enhance resonant signals and eliminate the non-resonant background is analyzed for Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS). The analysis is done at a specific frequency as well as for broadband excitation using femtosecond pulse-shaping techniques. An appropriate objective functional is employed to balance resonant signal enhancement against non-resonant background suppression. Optimal enhancement of the signal and minimization of the background can be achieved by shaping the probe pulse alone while keeping the pump and Stokes pulses in transform-limited-form (TLF). In some cases analytical forms for the probe pulse can be found, and numerical simulations are carried out for other circumstances. It is found that a good approximate solution for the optimal pulse in the two-pulse CARS is a superposition of linear and arctangent type phases for the pump. The well-known probe delay method is shown to be a quasi-optimal scheme for background suppression. The results should provide a basis to improve the performance of CARS spectroscopy and microscopy.
description: 11 pages,10 figures, JCP
Dose-response effect of smoking status on quality-adjusted life years among U.S. adults aged 65 years and older
Creators: name: Jia, Haomiao
name: Lubetkin, Erica I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Smoking
Smoking cessation
Smoking--Mortality
Quality of life
Biometry

description: Background: To estimate the impact of smoking on quality-adjusted life years (QALY) for US adults aged 65 years and older.

Methods: Using the 2003–08 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality File, we estimated the mean QALY throughout the remaining lifetime by participants' smoking status as well as smoking intensity and time since cessation.

Results: Never, former and current smokers had a mean QALY of 16.1, 12.7 and 7.3 years, respectively. Among current smokers, those who started smoking before age 18 had fewer QALYs than those who started at or after age 18 (6.0 and 8.5 years, respectively) and those smoking ≥20 cigarettes per day had fewer QALYs than those smoking <20 cigarettes per day (6.6 and 8.1 years, respectively). QALYs also declined with a longer duration of smoking and a shorter time since cessation. The potential gains if a person quit smoking would be 5.4 QALYs, and the gains would increase with a longer time since quitting as well as quitting at a younger age.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated the dose–response effect of smoking status on QALY. The results indicate the health benefits of tobacco cessation at any age and sizeable losses for former or current smokers.
Cobalt Blue in Medieval Ceramic Production in the Valencian Workshops: Manises, Paterna and Valencia (Spain).
Creators: name: Coll Conesa, Jaume
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 31, 13-26
description: The first documentary mention of cobalt use in the medieval kingdom of Valencia dates as far back as 1333. Before that, there is no evidence for the use of safra or cobalt pigment. The first cobalt was used in production of lustre-ware, proving the improvements in the manufacture of wares with tin-glaze earthenware decoration during the first half of the fourteenth century. X Ray fluorescence analysis suggests a variation in the detected spectrum of blue pigment through the years, this fact when considered with shape, draw and decorative evolution allows us to propose a very close dating for some decorative groups produced in Manises and Paterna and that is the main target of this paper.
Mediterranean and Ligurian Ceramics in Genoa: XII And XIII Centuries: New Data from the Excavation of the Embriaci Tower
Creators: name: Benente, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 31, 27-34
description: Archaeological excavations performed by the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Liguria, between 2000 and 2004 in the area of Santa Maria delle Grazie La Nuova have yielded new data concerning the settlement in the â�SCollina di Castelloâ�� from the Iron Age to Modern age. Specifically, and concerning the middle ages, the discovery of the structures of the curia Embriacorum (the urban settlement of the Embriaci family) and the investigation of the filling layers of the base of a square tower dating back to the first half of the twelfth century has provided new information on the circulation of Mediterranean and Ligurian ceramics in Genoa between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Complete Insecurity of Quantum Protocols for Classical Two-Party Computation
Creators: name: Buhrman, Harry
name: Christandl, Matthias
name: Schaffner, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fundamental task in modern cryptography is the joint computation of a function which has two inputs, one from Alice and one from Bob, such that neither of the two can learn more about the other's input than what is implied by the value of the function. In this Letter, we show that any quantum protocol for the computation of a classical deterministic function that outputs the result to both parties (two-sided computation) and that is secure against a cheating Bob can be completely broken by a cheating Alice. Whereas it is known that quantum protocols for this task cannot be completely secure, our result implies that security for one party implies complete insecurity for the other. Our findings stand in stark contrast to recent protocols for weak coin tossing, and highlight the limits of cryptography within quantum mechanics. We remark that our conclusions remain valid, even if security is only required to be approximate and if the function that is computed for Bob is different from that of Alice.
description: v2: 6 pages, 1 figure, text identical to PRL-version (but reasonably formatted)
O'QUV JARAYONIDA O'YINLARDAN MOTIVATSION STRATEGIYA SIFATIDA FOYDALANISHNING NAZARIY ASOSLARI
Creators: name: Djalalov, Baxromjon
name: Solijonova, Madinabonu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada til ko'nikmalarini rivojlantirish jarayonlarida o'yinlar orqali o'quvchilarning ta'lim olish motivatsiyasini shakllantirish muammosining nazariy jihatlari haqida batafsil ma'lumot berilgan.
title: DEPRECATED: ANXIETY IN MILITARY MEMBERS AND THEIR SPOUSES OVER THE FIRST TWELVE MONTHS AFTER RELOCATION
Creators: name: Sanneman Kelly, Susan
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1995

description: Research of the impact of relocation has failed to produce a theoretical foundation and is predominantly polarized into positive and negative effects. Two themes, however, recur throughout the literature: a) the experience of relocation includes loss, and b) wives feel the impact of relocation more severely than their husbands. Parkes' theory of psychosocial transition (1971) encapsulates the theme of loss. In this study, anxiety of 314 active duty men and women and their civilian spouses was measured 1-12 months after a military move to explore the fit of Parkes' model to relocation. Impacts of relocation by gender and roles (active duty versus civilian) were compared. In a qualitative component to the study, gains and losses created by the relocation were also explored along with behaviors that helped subjects feel more at home in the new place. A 2x2x2 factorial design was used with three independent variables of time since move, gender and role. The dependent variable was state anxiety as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Form Y (Spielberger, 1983). A .05 level of significance was used in the hypothesis testing. As proposed by Parkes' psychosocial transition model, military couples that had relocated 1-6 months previous scored significantly higher in state anxiety than military couples who had moved 7-12 months previous. Members and spouses also differed significantly in anxiety across education levels, ranks, and ages, as well as number of children living with the couple. Results of this project support previous findings that relocation impacts women more intensely than men, but not for the previously purported reason - lack of familiar work setting. Women exhibited significantly higher levels of anxiety whether they were employed full time (active duty) or civilian spouses following their active duty husbands. Each group of subjects overwhelmingly identified loss of friends as a severe loss due to the move. For subjects on active duty, the most positive gains of relocation during the first year were family closeness and benefits of new jobs. The dominant theme for the civilian spouses was the benefits of the new environment. Buying and working on new homes was the most helpful behavior for all groups during the first year after relocation.
Faith Made Manifest: An Interpretation of the Decoration on Cistercian Wares
Creators: name: Spavold, Janet
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 31, 35-50
description: The Cistercian ware discussed here is mainly from Ticknall, Derbyshire. Other sites are included where appropriate. A few decorative motifs on Cistercian ware have already been noted: 'ihs' and 'cartwheel' stamps for instance. A more comprehensive scheme is proposed here, where the motifs are grouped by themes. Each is then analysed in the context of late medieval religious belief and practice. The motifs are linked to similar examples from church architecture, stained glass, wall paintings and other contemporary sources. Biblical quotations explain the origins of some motifs. Traditional and original designs from Ticknall are discussed. The significance of the decorative motifs in the abrupt ending of Cistercian production is considered and set against historical events. This study follows on from the research published in Spavold, J. and Brown, S. 2005, Ticknall Pots and Potters from the Late Fifteenth Century to 1888.
The effects of discharge and slope on hyporheic flow in step-pool morphologies using cold water as a tracer
Creators: name: Kinnear, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The hyporheic zone is a transitional area between surface and groundwater systems that supports both a wide range of species ranging from bacteria to incubating fish embryos. A better understanding of the movement and extent of flows through the subsurface may lead to innovative habitat restoration techniques to make streams more productive and to enhance aquatic stream biology. While the majority of studies thus far have examined the hyporheic zone in low gradient streams with pool-riffle and dune-like morphology, this study has investigated hyporheic flow in a steep stream with step-pool morphology. A series of flume experiments were conducted which examined the effect of discharge and slope on hyporheic flow in step-pool channels using cold water as a tracer. The channel consisted of 3 step-pool units with 64mm sized steps, discharges between 0.3-4.5L/s and slopes of 8% and 4%. The results indicated the water moving along steeper slopes and the moderate discharges produced the deepest flows while downwelling at the base of steps was related to the stream discharge. Results produced by a model using hydraulic head measurements were inconsistent of those produced by temperature sensors. The model suggested hyporheic downwelling flows are largely unaffected by discharge while increases in residence times are related to decreases in discharge. We found the temperature tracer to provide a more accurate representation of hyporheic flows than that derived from piezometric measurements though the former procedure would be difficult to replicate in field experiments. This experiment emphasizes the importance of topography and roughness elements along the channel surface in dictating the locations and magnitude of downwelling and hyporheic exchange.
Trends in Quality-Adjusted Life-Years Lost Contributed by Smoking and Obesity
Creators: name: Jia, Haomiao
name: Lubetkin, Erica I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Smoking--Health aspects
Obesity--Health aspects
Biometry
Quality of life--Measurement

description: Background: Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) use preference-based measurements of health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) to provide an assessment of the overall burden of disease using a single number.

Purpose: This study estimated QALYs lost contributed by smoking and obesity for U.S. adults from 1993 to 2008.

Methods: Population HRQOL data were from the 1993–2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The QALYs lost contributed by a risk factor is the sum of QALYs lost due to morbidity in the current year and future QALYs lost in expected life-years due to premature deaths (mortality). Premature deaths were estimated from the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files and mortality statistics.

Results: From 1993 to 2008, the proportion of smokers among U.S. adults declined 18.5% whereas the proportion of obese people increased 85%. The smoking-related QALYs lost were relatively stable at 0.0438 QALYs lost per population. In 1993 the QALYs lost were much smaller for obesity compared to smoking, with obesity contributing about 0.0204 QALYs lost. However, as a result of the increasing prevalence of obesity, the contribution of obesity-related QALYs lost increased consistently and had increased by 127% in 2008 when obesity resulted in 0.0464 QALYs lost, slightly more than smoking did. Smoking had a bigger impact on mortality than morbidity, whereas obesity had a bigger impact on morbidity than mortality.

Conclusions: This study estimated the overall burden of smoking and obesity over time and results indicate that because of the marked increase in the proportion of obese people, obesity has become an equal, if not greater, contributor to the burden of disease than smoking. Such data are essential in setting targets for reducing modifiable health risks and eliminating health disparities.
BOSHLANG'ICH SINF DARSLARIDA SINFDAN TASHQARI MASHG'ULOTLAR ORQALI RAQAMLASHGAN DUNYONI O'RGATISH
Creators: name: Toshpulatova, Niyoxon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Boshlang‘ich sinf darslarida sinfdan tashqari mashg‘ulotlar orqali raqamlashgan dunyoni o‘rgatish – bu o‘quvchilarga matematikani nafaqat darsda, balki hayotda, atrof-muhitda, o‘yinlar va amaliy mashg‘ulotlar orqali o‘rgatishning samarali usulidir. Raqamlashgan dunyo – bu raqamlar va hisoblashning kundalik hayotda qanday ishlashini ko‘rsatadigan va bolalarning analitik fikrlashini rivojlantiradigan yondashuvdir.
Examination of the astrophysical S-factors of the radiative proton capture on 2H, 6Li, 7Li, 12C and 13C
Creators: name: Dubovichenko, Sergey
name: Dzhazairov-Kakhramanov, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical S-factors of radiative capture reactions on light nuclei have been calculated in a two-cluster potential model, taking into account the separation of orbital states by the use of Young schemes. The local two-body potentials describing the interaction of the clusters were determined by fitting scattering data and properties of bound states. The many-body character of the problem is approximatively accounted for by Pauli forbidden states. An important feature of the approach is the consideration of the dependence of the interaction potential between the clusters on the orbital Young schemes, which determine the permutation symmetry of the nucleon system. Proton capture on 2H, 6Li, 7Li, 12C, and 13C was analyzed in this approach. Experimental data at low energies were described reasonably well when the phase shifts for cluster-cluster scattering, extracted from precise data, were used. This shows that decreasing the experimental error on differential elastic scattering cross sections of light nuclei at astrophysical energies is very important also to allow a more accurate phase shift analysis. A future increase in precision will allow more definite conclusions regarding the reaction mechanisms and astrophysical conditions of thermonuclear reactions.
description: 40p., 9 fig., 83 ref. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1005.1794, arXiv:1112.1760, arXiv:1005.1983
The effects of social anxiety on accuracy in first impressions
Creators: name: Aiken, Audrey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Since individuals with social anxiety tend to have difficulties making friends, it may be due to inaccuracy in making and giving off first impressions. The current study used 104 undergraduate students to examine two hypotheses: that individuals high in social anxiety are less accurate in their first impressions of others, and that others form less accurate first impressions of individuals high in social anxiety. Following the Social Accuracy Methodology (SAM; Biesanz, 2010), accuracy was looked at in two ways: normative and distinctive accuracy. Participants rated their own personalities on the abbreviate BFI, engaged in brief round robin interactions with each participant, and then rated their partners’ personalities on the same measures. Using hierarchical linear modeling, no support was found for the first set of hypotheses. Perceivers high in social anxiety were equally normatively and distinctly accurate in their appraisals of others’ personalities as were perceivers low in social anxiety. Mixed findings were found for the second research question. Targets higher in social anxiety were perceived with the same degree of normative accuracy as targets lower in social anxiety. However, targets higher in social anxiety were perceived with less distinctive accuracy compared to targets lower in social anxiety. These findings may have important implications for understanding why socially anxious individuals have difficulty forming friendships, and consequently, may have implications for treatments.
Stepwise introduction of model complexity in a generalized master equation approach to time-dependent transport
Creators: name: Gudmundsson, Vidar
name: Jonasson, Olafur
name: Arnold, Thorsten
name: Tang, Chi-Shung
name: Goan, Hsi-Sheng
name: Manolescu, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that with a stepwise introduction of complexity to a model of an electron system embedded in a photonic cavity and a carefully controlled stepwise truncation of the ensuing many-body space it is possible to describe the time-dependent transport of electrons through the system with a non-Markovian generalized quantum master equation. We show how this approach retains effects of an external magnetic field and the geometry of an anisotropic electronic system. The Coulomb interaction between the electrons and the full electromagnetic coupling between the electrons and the photons are treated in a non-perturbative way using "exact numerical diagonalization".
description: RevTeX, 14 pages with included eps figures, replaced to mend scaling in figure axes for time "t" and current "J"
Bericht des Nationalen Referenzzentrums für gramnegative Krankenhauserreger – Zeitraum 1. Januar 2020 bis 31. Dezember 2020
Creators: name: Pfennigwerth, Niels
name: Schauer, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Gramnegative Krankenhauserreger
subject: NRZ
subject: Carbapenemase
subject: Antibiotikaresistenz
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Erstmals seit seiner Ernennung verzeichnete das Nationale Referenzzentrum (NRZ) für gramnegative Krankenhauserreger im Jahr 2020 einen Rückgang der Ein¬sendezahlen. Dieser beruht wahrscheinlich auf den Begleiterscheinungen der COVID-19-Pandemie, wie z. B. einer geringeren Zahl von Hospitalisierungen in Deutsch¬land, kombiniert mit der verstärkten Einhaltung von Hygienemaßnahmen in Kliniken oder einer geringeren Zahl von Eintragungen von Carbapenemase-tragenden Bakterienstämmen aus dem Ausland durch den Rückgang der grenzüberschreitenden Reisetätigkeiten. Insgesamt gingen 7.718 Einsendungen aus 285 mikrobiologischen La¬boren in Deutschland ein. Die Anzahl der Einsen¬dungen lag somit bei durchschnittlich 643 Einsen¬dungen pro Monat. Im Jahr 2019 wurden hingegen noch 9.368 Isolate aus 306 mikrobiologischen La¬boren eingesandt.
title: Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit
title: Elternzeitpräferenzen und Vereinbarkeitswünsche  von Frauen und Männern
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Jansen, Andreas
name: Kümmerling, Angelika
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01wj9hk44
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: Elternzeit
Mann
Frau
Elterngeld
Sorgearbeit
Erwerbsarbeit
Befragung

description: Die Studie bildet den dritten und letzten Teil der Veröffentlichungsreihe zum Thema „Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit: Onlinebefragung zur Aufteilung von Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit im Paarkontext,“ in der die betrieblichen, familienpolitischen und paarinternen Rahmenbedingungen für ein besseres Gleichgewicht von Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit zwischen Männern und Frauen untersucht wurden.
Für die Studie wurden über 2500 Personen zu ihren Elternzeitpräferenzen befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine klare Diskrepanz zwischen Vorstellung und gelebter Realität: 43,6 % der Befragten bevorzugen eine gleichmäßige Aufteilung der Elternzeit (je sieben Monate pro Elternteil). Diese Präferenz zeigt sich unabhängig vom Geschlecht der Befragten. Nur 38,7 % präferieren das traditionelle Modell (12 Monate Mutter, max. 2 Monate Vater), ein Viertel der Befragten spricht sich für die längere Elternzeit des Vaters aus. In der Praxis sehen wir eine stärkere Väterbeteiligung allerdings selten: Während Mütter im Durchschnitt 11,6 Monate Basiselterngeld beziehen, nehmen viele Väter weiterhin nur die zwei Partnermonate.

Ein weiterer zentraler Schwerpunkt der Studie liegt auf der Frage, welche konkreten Maßnahmen Eltern bei der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf unterstützen würden. Die Antworten spiegeln unterschiedliche Bedürfnisse durch die gelebte traditionelle Aufgabenteilung wider: Frauen wünschen sich häufiger Entlastung im Haushalt und bei der Kinderbetreuung, Männer hingegen mehr Flexibilität im Job. Der am häufigsten genannte Wunsch - sowohl von Männern als auch von Frauen - ist weniger Behördenkram und eine leichtere Antragstellung (44 Prozent).
Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Ergebnisse lautet die Empfehlung, den Wunsch vieler Eltern nach einer gleichmäßigeren Aufteilung von Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit und einer früheren Einbindung von Vätern aktiv zu unterstützen. Eine Reform der Elterngeldregelung – mit mehr Partnermonaten und einer höheren Lohnersatzrate – wäre hierfür ein entscheidender Hebel. Damit würden nicht nur Anreize für eine partnerschaftliche Aufteilung der frühen Betreuungsarbeit gesetzt, sondern die Erwerbsbiografien von Frauen stabilisiert und damit auch der Arbeitsmarkt langfristig gestärkt.
Lattice results on K->pi nu nubar and K->pi l l
Creators: name: Juttner, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Rare kaon decays are mediated through flavour changing neutral currents arising through W-W and Z/gamma exchange diagrams. In the Standard Model these decays are hugely suppressed 2nd order electroweak processes and therefore ideal probes for new physics. Some decay channels receive contributions from hadronic long-distance effects which we aim to predict using lattice QCD. This talk reviews recent progress and highlights the major challenges that need to be overcome.
Adductor focal laryngeal Dystonia: correlation between clinicians’ ratings and subjects’ perception of Dysphonia
Creators: name: Stewart, Celia F.
name: Sinclair, Catherine F.
name: Kling, Irene F.
name: Diamond, Beverly E.
name: Blitzer, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Movement disorders
Voice disorders
Quality of life
Botulinum toxin
Neurology

description: Background
                Although considerable research has focused on the etiology and symptomology of adductor focal laryngeal dystonia (AD-FLD), little is known about the correlation between clinicians’ ratings and patients’ perception of this voice disturbance. This study has five objectives: first, to determine if there is a relationship between subjects’ symptom-severity and its impact on their quality of life; to compare clinicians’ ratings with subjects’ perception of the individual characteristics and severity of AD-FLD; to document the subjects’ perception of changes in dysphonia since diagnosis; to record the frequency of voice arrest during connected speech; and, finally, to calculate inter-clinician reliability based on results from the Unified Spasmodic Dysphonia Rating Scale (USDRS) (Stewart et al, J Voice 1195-10, 1997).

                Methods
                Sixty subjects with AD-FLD who were receiving ongoing injections of BoNT participated in this study. Subjects’ mean age was 60.78 years and their mean duration of symptoms was 16.1 years. Subjects completed the Disease Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) (specifically designed for this study) and the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) (Jacobson et al, Am J Speech Lang Pathol 6:66–70, 1997) to measure the symptoms of their dysphonia and the impact of the disease on their quality of life.
                Two speech-language pathologists and two laryngologists used the Voice Arrest Measure (VAM) (specifically designed for this study) and the USDRS to independently rate voice recordings of 56/60 subjects.

                Results
                The mean VHI-10 score was 21.3 which is clinically significant. The results of the DSQ and the USDRS were highly correlated. The most severe symptoms identified by both subjects and clinicians were roughness, strain-strangled voice quality, and increased expiratory effort. Voice arrest, aphonia, and tremor were uncommon. Subjects rated their current voice quality at the time of reinjection (i.e., at the time of the study) as significantly better than at the time of their initial AD-FLD diagnosis (p
EOSC Beyond Integration Suite Slide deck
Creators: name: EOSC Beyond
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: A dissemination material in a form of an easy to read slide deck, for the new EOSC Core service of the EOSC Beyond EU Funded project: The EOSC Integration Suite. A user-friendly document that presents the the problem nowadays that our users face, the result of the problems, what users need to do to succeed on their goals, how this is translated into numbers. Continuing we present what the service is doing to solve the problem, how the users are affected, what it takes and what users need to do. Furthermore, we answer how we approach the problem, with our solution (the EOSC Integration Suite) and how it works, how it helps out the users. Informative information follows up for anyone who wants to be informed on the service and the project by contacting us.
Local constructions of gender-based violence amongst IDPs in northern Uganda: analysis of archival data collected using a gender- and age-segmented participatory ranking methodology
Creators: name: Ager, Alastair Kenneth
name: Bancroft, Carolyn
name: Berger, Elizabeth
name: Stark, Lindsay B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Internally displaced persons
Women--Violence against
Intimate partner violence
Public health--Information services

description: Background
                Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant problem in conflict-affected settings. Understanding local constructions of such violence is crucial to developing preventive and responsive interventions to address this issue.

                Methods
                This study reports on a secondary analysis of archived data collected as part of formative qualitative work – using a group participatory ranking methodology (PRM) – informing research on the prevalence of GBV amongst IDPs in northern Uganda in 2006. Sixty-four PRM group discussions were held with women, with men, with girls (aged 14 to 18 years), and with boys (aged 14 to 18 years) selected on a randomized basis across four internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in Lira District. Discussions elicited problems facing women in the camps, and – through structured participatory methods - consensus ranking of their importance and narrative accounts explaining these judgments.

                Results
                Amongst forms of GBV faced by women, rape was ranked as the greatest concern amongst participants (with a mean problem rank of 3.4), followed by marital rape (mean problem rank of 4.5) and intimate partner violence (mean problem rank of 4.9). Girls ranked all forms of GBV as higher priority concerns than other participants. Discussions indicated that these forms of GBV were generally considered normalized within the camp. Gender roles and power, economic deprivation, and physical and social characteristics of the camp setting emerged as key explanatory factors in accounts of GBV prevalence, although these played out in different ways with respect to differing forms of violence.

                Conclusions
                All groups acknowledged GBV to represent a significant threat - among other major concerns such as transportation, water, shelter, food and security – for women residing in the camps. Given evidence of the significantly higher risk in the camp of intimate partner violence and marital rape, the relative prominence of the issue of rape in all rankings suggests normalization of violence within the home. Programs targeting reduction in GBV need to address community-identified root causes such as economic deprivation and social norms related to gender roles. More generally, PRM appears to offer an efficient means of identifying local constructions of prevailing challenges in a manner that can inform programming.
In the whirlpool's coils: tracing substructure from combined optical/X-ray data in the galaxy cluster A1300
Creators: name: Ziparo, F.
name: Braglia, F. G.
name: Pierini, D.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Boehringer, H.
name: Bongiorno, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structure formation is thought to act via hierarchical mergers and accretion of smaller systems driven by gravity with dark matter dominating the gravitational field. Combining X-ray and optical imaging and spectroscopy provides a powerful approach to the study of the cluster dynamics and mass assembly history. The REFLEX-DXL sample contains the most X-ray luminous galaxy clusters (L_X > 10^45 erg/s) from the REFLEX survey at z = 0.27-0.31. We present the photometric (WFI) and spectroscopic (VIMOS) data for the DXL cluster RXCJ1131.9-1955 (Abell 1300); in combination with the existing X-ray data we determine and characterise the substructure of this post-merging system. We analyse X-ray selected groups in a 30' x 30' region encompassing the cluster in order to study the mass assembly of A1300. The X-ray surface brightness map of A1300 appears disturbed and exhibits the signature of a forward shock, which is consistent with a previous analysis of radio data. Moreover, we detect a large scale-filament in which the cluster is embedded and several infalling groups. Comparison of the whirlpool-like features in the entropy pseudo-map of the intra-cluster medium with the distribution of the cluster members reveals a direct correspondence between the ICM structure and the galaxy distribution. Moreover, comparison with existing simulations allows us to better understand the dynamics of the cluster progenitors and to age date their impact. A1300 is a complex massive system in which a major merging occurred about 3 Gyr ago and additional minor merging events happen at different times via filaments, that will lead to an increase of the cluster mass of up to 60% in the next Gyr.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 18 pages, 16 figures. Replaced with revised version
Positioning systems in Minkowski space-time: Bifurcation problem and observational data
Creators: name: Coll, Bartolomé
name: Ferrando, Joan Josep
name: Morales-Lladosa, Juan Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of relativistic positioning systems in Minkowski space-time, the determination of the inertial coordinates of a user involves the {\em bifurcation problem} (which is the indeterminate location of a pair of different events receiving the same emission coordinates). To solve it, in addition to the user emission coordinates and the emitter positions in inertial coordinates, it may happen that the user needs to know {\em independently} the orientation of its emission coordinates. Assuming that the user may observe the relative positions of the four emitters on its celestial sphere, an observational rule to determine this orientation is presented. The bifurcation problem is thus solved by applying this observational rule, and consequently, {\em all} of the parameters in the general expression of the coordinate transformation from emission coordinates to inertial ones may be computed from the data received by the user of the relativistic positioning system.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. The version published in PRD contains a misprint in the caption of Figure 3, which is here amended
Systematic prediction of DNA shape changes due to CpG methylation explains epigenetic effects on protein–DNA binding
Creators: name: Rao, Satyanarayan
name: Chiu, Tsu-Pei
name: Kribelbauer, Judith F.
name: Mann, Richard S.
name: Bussemaker, Harmen J.
name: Rohs, Remo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: DNA--Methylation
Epigenetics
DNA-binding proteins
Systems biology

description: Background
                DNA shape analysis has demonstrated the potential to reveal structure-based mechanisms of protein–DNA binding. However, information about the influence of chemical modification of DNA is limited. Cytosine methylation, the most frequent modification, represents the addition of a methyl group at the major groove edge of the cytosine base. In mammalian genomes, cytosine methylation most frequently occurs at CpG dinucleotides. In addition to changing the chemical signature of C/G base pairs, cytosine methylation can affect DNA structure. Since the original discovery of DNA methylation, major efforts have been made to understand its effect from a sequence perspective. Compared to unmethylated DNA, however, little structural information is available for methylated DNA, due to the limited number of experimentally determined structures. To achieve a better mechanistic understanding of the effect of CpG methylation on local DNA structure, we developed a high-throughput method, methyl-DNAshape, for predicting the effect of cytosine methylation on DNA shape.

                Results
                Using our new method, we found that CpG methylation significantly altered local DNA shape. Four DNA shape features—helix twist, minor groove width, propeller twist, and roll—were considered in this analysis. Distinct distributions of effect size were observed for different features. Roll and propeller twist were the DNA shape features most strongly affected by CpG methylation with an effect size depending on the local sequence context. Methylation-induced changes in DNA shape were predictive of the measured rate of cleavage by DNase I and suggest a possible mechanism for some of the methylation sensitivities that were recently observed for human Pbx-Hox complexes.

                Conclusions
                CpG methylation is an important epigenetic mark in the mammalian genome. Understanding its role in protein–DNA recognition can further our knowledge of gene regulation. Our high-throughput methyl-DNAshape method can be used to predict the effect of cytosine methylation on DNA shape and its subsequent influence on protein–DNA interactions. This approach overcomes the limited availability of experimental DNA structures that contain 5-methylcytosine.
Dissociation of O2 molecules on strained Pb(111) surfaces
Creators: name: Yang, Yu
name: Zhang, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By performing first-principles molecular dynamics calculations, we systematically simulate the adsorption behavior of oxygen molecules on the clean and strained Pb(111) surfaces. The obtained molecular adsorption precursor state, and the activated dissociation process for oxygen molecules on the clean Pb surface are in good agreements with our previous static calculations, and perfectly explains previous experimental observations [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 9204 (2007)]. In addition, we also study the influences of surface strain on the dissociation behaviors of O2 molecules. It is found that on the compressed Pb(111) surfaces with a strain value of larger than 0.02, O2 molecules will not dissociate at all. And on the stretched Pb(111) surfaces, O2 molecules become easier to approach, and the adsorption energy of the dissociated oxygen atoms is larger than that on the clean Pb surface.