cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Migration, Money and Mother: The Effect of Migration on Children's Educational Performance in Rural China
Creators: name: Chen, Xinxin
name: Huang, Qiuqiong
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Zhang, Linxiu
name: Chen, Xinxin
name: Huang, Qiuqiong
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Zhang, Linxiu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Migration is widely known as one of the main ways of alleviating poverty in developing countries, including China. However, migration itself is not costless. In recent years, there is an emerging concern about the effect of migration on the educational achievement of the children of migrants in China since most of the young children of school age of the migrants are being left in the village when one or both of their parents move to the city to work. This paper examines the effect of the migration activities of the father and/or mother on the educational performance of elementary school students (First to Fifth grade). With a dataset that collected from a survey designed specifically to examine changes in school performance of children before and after their parents left the village to migrate to the city we use Difference-in-Difference and, propensity score matching approaches. Although the grades of the children from some migrants family are sometimes lower than those from non-migrants family (in the time period before and after migration), somewhat surprisingly, we find that there is no significant negative effect of migration itself on the children's school performance. In fact, in some cases (e.g., after the father migrates), performance improves. Our paper also demonstrates and explains the interaction effects of migration from wealth and household composition.
Experimental wavelength-multiplexed entanglement-based quantum cryptography
Creators: name: Pseiner, Johannes
name: Achatz, Lukas
name: Bulla, Lukas
name: Bohmann, Martin
name: Ursin, Rupert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In state-of-the-art quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, the main limiting factor in increasing the key generation rate is the timing resolution in detecting photons. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a strategy to overcome this limitation, also for high-loss and long-distance implementations. We exploit the intrinsic wavelength correlations of entangled photons using wavelength multiplexing to generate a quantum secure key from polarization entanglement. The presented approach can be integrated into both fiber- and satellite-based quantum-communication schemes, without any changes to most types of entanglement sources. This technique features a huge scaling potential allowing to increase the secure key rate by several orders of magnitude as compared to non-multiplexed schemes.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Fungicide evaluation against head smudge (Curvularia spp.) and its impact on yield and germination of tef (Eragrostis tef Zucc.)
Creators: name: Mekonnen, Mequanint Andualem
name: Nigusie, Walellign Zegeye
name: Emirie, Gebremariem Asaye
name: Hailemariam, Bogale Nigir
name: Abeje, Girmay Dires
name: Mekonnen, Melkamu Birhanie
name: Mihiretie, Aderajew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Head smudge, caused by Curvularia spp., is the major disease of tef in the humid tef-growing areas of Ethiopia. Despite this, farmers continue producing tef without any disease management strategies, which is leading to substantial quantitative and qualitative losses. Hence, the field and laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of seven fungicides for the management of head smudge and simultaneously to assess the possible effects of the disease on seed quality of tef. The field experiment was conducted at Dangila and North Achefer districts and the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Tef seeds harvested from field experiments were subsequently used for laboratory studies using the blotter method and arranged in a completely randomized design. The effect of fungicides on reducing disease incidence and severity and increasing yield was significant (p < 0.001). The highest overall mean disease control (88.9%) was obtained from propiconazole sprayed plots followed by trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole and tebuconazole, both of which had a similar 85.5% disease reduction. The applications of triadimefon resulted in intermediate disease reduction (69.9%). However, the application of mancozeb + cymoxanil, cymoxanil + copper oxychloride, and thiamethoxam + metalaxyl + difenoconazole doesn’t bring a significant improvement from the untreated plot. According to our findings, head smudge can reduce tef yield by up to 62% and germination by 18.7 to 45.4%. Therefore, the application of propiconazole, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole, and tebuconazole can be considered as effective head smudge management practice until other management options are developed.
Exploring the Role of Managerial Ability in Determining Firm Efficiency
Creators: name: Byma, Justin P.
name: Tauer, Loren W.
name: Byma, Justin P.
name: Tauer, Loren W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Management and Efficiency
subject: Stochastic Frontier Analysis

description: This paper explores the role of management ability in explaining efficiency on New York dairy farms. Using an unbalanced panel of farm data from 1993 through 2004, we estimate input and output-oriented technical efficiencies, cost efficiencies and revenue efficiencies using stochastic frontier functions. We include various input variables as efficiency effects and find lagged net farm income is a preferred measure of management ability over farmers' own estimates of the value of their labor and management. We also find increasing efficiency with operator education, farm size, and extended participation in a farm management program and decreasing efficiency with operator age.
Fermi Condensates
Creators: name: Greiner, Markus
name: Regal, Cindy A.
name: Jin, Deborah S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracold atomic gases have proven to be remarkable model systems for exploring quantum mechanical phenomena. Experimental work on gases of fermionic atoms in particular has seen large recent progress including the attainment of so-called Fermi condensates. In this article we will discuss this recent development and the unique control over interparticle interactions that made it possible.
description: Proceedings of ICAP-2004 (Rio de Janeiro). Review of Potassium experiment at JILA, Boulder, CO
Approximations of conditional probability density functions in Lebesgue spaces via mixture of experts models
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hien Duy
name: Nguyen, TrungTin
name: Chamroukhi, Faicel
name: McLachlan, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mixture of experts (MoE) models are widely applied for conditional probability density estimation problems. We demonstrate the richness of the class of MoE models by proving denseness results in Lebesgue spaces, when inputs and outputs variables are both compactly supported. We further prove an almost uniform convergence result when the input is univariate. Auxiliary lemmas are proved regarding the richness of the soft-max gating function class, and their relationships to the class of Gaussian gating functions.
description: Corrected typos. Added new Section 6. Summary and conclusions
Genetic algorithms for multi-objective optimization in water quality management under uncertainty
Creators: name: Tolson, Bryan Antony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis demonstrates the combined usage of a number of novel approaches and techniques in the multi-objective management of water quality systems under uncertainty. The First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) is used to estimate the risk-based system performance indicators of reliability, vulnerability, and resilience that provide measures of the frequency, magnitude and duration of the failure of water resource systems, respectively. FORM accuracy and efficiency for performance indicator estimation is compared extensively with Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are demonstrated as a robust optimization technique by solving various multi-objective water quality management models that optimize the performance indicators and the total point source waste treatment cost. In addition, the Tradeoff Surface Representation (TSR) Algorithm is incorporated as a general multi-objective technique for accurate and efficient identification of convex tradeoff surfaces. The Willamette River Basin in Oregon, USA is utilized as the water quality management case study for the demonstration of all techniques. The performance indicators are estimated with respect to meeting dissolved oxygen (DO) standards and ambient DO is simulated using a QUAL2E water quality response model. Results show that FORM estimates of the performance indicators, while significantly less accurate than MCS estimates, seem to provide reasonable results when utilized within the multiobjective water quality management models. A comparison of FORM and MCS shows that while FORM is more efficient relative to MCS, the difference in efficiencies is significantly less than previously reported in the literature. The TSR Algorithm, in comparison with the commonly used Constraint Method for multi-objective tradeoff curve generation, is shown to produce a superior representation of the tradeoff curve. Furthermore, the TSR Algorithm is also shown to produce a maximum amount of auxiliary information regarding the bounds on the location of the tradeoff curve between tradeoff points.
NAFTA Impacts on the U.S. Competitiveness and Trade: Beef, Pork, and Poultry
Creators: name: Henneberry, Shida Rastegari
name: Mutondo, Joao E.
name: Henneberry, Shida Rastegari
name: Mutondo, Joao E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: AIDS
subject: BSE impacts
subject: Competitive advantage
subject: Canadian meat demand
subject: Mexican meat demand
subject: source differentiation

description: The restricted source differentiated almost ideal demand system (RSDAIDS) is used to estimate source differentiated meat demand for U.S. NAFTA partners. In the Canadian meat market, the estimated price and expenditure elasticities indicate that Canadian beef has a competitive advantage compared to U.S. beef, while U.S. pork has a competitive advantage compared to Canadian pork. In the Mexican meat market, the estimated expenditure elasticities indicate that an increase in Mexican meat expenditures would lead to an increase in the demand for meats from all sources. Seasonality and Canadian and U.S. BSE outbreaks had small impacts on Canadian and Mexican meat demand.
Extending Equational Monadic Reasoning with Monad Transformers
Creators: name: Affeldt, Reynald
name: Nowak, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is a recent interest for the verification of monadic programs using proof assistants. This line of research raises the question of the integration of monad transformers, a standard technique to combine monads. In this paper, we extend Monae, a Coq library for monadic equational reasoning, with monad transformers and we explain the benefits of this extension. Our starting point is the existing theory of modular monad transformers, which provides a uniform treatment of operations. Using this theory, we simplify the formalization of models in Monae and we propose an approach to support monadic equational reasoning in the presence of monad transformers. We also use Monae to revisit the lifting theorems of modular monad transformers by providing equational proofs and explaining how to patch a known bug using a non-standard use of Coq that combines impredicative polymorphism and parametricity.
description: 19 pages, 26th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2020)
Dynamic structure factors of a dense mixture
Creators: name: Sinha, Supurna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the dynamic structure factors of a dense binary liquid mixture. These describe dynamics on molecular length scales, where structural relaxation is important. We find that the presence of a few large particles in a dense fluid of small particles slows down the dynamics considerably. We also observe a deep narrowing of the spectrum for a disordered mixture composed of a nearly equal packing of the two species. In contrast, a few small particles diffuse easily in the background of a dense fluid of large particles. We expect our results to describe neutron scattering from a dense mixture.
The Effects of Inquiry-Based Instruction on Student Achievement in Science
Creators: name: Kelly, Kesha
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: More than half of the student population is labeled with educational learning disabilities, therefore, a variety of different learning styles exist in the classroom. With these different learning styles, the call and response teaching method is losing the attention and interest of the students. As a result of the lack of interest, the failure rate increases. Having more inquiry based learning incorporated in the classroom would reach most learning styles, keep the interest and produce a greater success rate.
Separated response surfaces for flows in parametrised domains: comparison of a priori and a posteriori PGD algorithms
Creators: name: Giacomini, Matteo
name: Borchini, Luca
name: Sevilla, Ruben
name: Huerta, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65M60, 76D07, 76M10

description: Reduced order models (ROM) are commonly employed to solve parametric problems and to devise inexpensive response surfaces to evaluate quantities of interest in real-time. There are many families of ROMs in the literature and choosing among them is not always a trivial task. This work presents a comparison of the performance of a priori and a posteriori proper generalised decomposition (PGD) algorithms for an incompressible Stokes flow problem in a geometrically parametrised domain. This problem is particularly challenging as the geometric parameters affect both the solution manifold and the computational spatial domain. The difficulty is further increased because multiple geometric parameters are considered and extended ranges of values are analysed for the parameters and this leads to significant variations in the flow features. Using a set of numerical experiments involving geometrically parametrised microswimmers, the two PGD algorithms are extensively compared in terms of their accuracy and their computational cost, expressed as a function of the number of full-order solves required.
description: 58 pages, 31 figures
Buying Time: Real and Hypothetical Offers
Creators: name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Mansfield, Carol
name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Mansfield, Carol
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: contingent value
subject: real and hypothetical offer
subject: willingness to accept
subject: experiment

description: This paper provides the results of a field test of contingent valuation estimates within a willingness to accept framework. Using dichotomous choice questions in telephone mail-telephone interviews, we compare responses to real and hypothetical offers to survey respondents for the opportunity to spend time in a second set of interviews on an undisclosed topic. Five hundred and forty people were randomly split between the real and hypothetical treatments. Our findings indicate no significant differences between people's choices with real and hypothetical offers. Choice models indicate the size of the offer and income were significant determinants of respondents' decisions, and these models were not significantly different between real and hypothetical offers.
Nested quasicrystalline discretisations of the line
Creators: name: Gazeau, J. -P.
name: Masakova, Z.
name: Pelantova, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One-dimensional cut-and-project point sets obtained from the square lattice in the plane are considered from a unifying point of view and in the perspective of aperiodic wavelet constructions. We successively examine their geometrical aspects, combinatorial properties from the point of view of the theory of languages, and self-similarity with algebraic scaling factor $θ$. We explain the relation of the cut-and-project sets to non-standard numeration systems based on $θ$. We finally examine the substitutivity, a weakened version of substitution invariance, which provides us with an algorithm for symbolic generation of cut-and-project sequences.
The Effects of the Shoot for the Goal Contest on Reading Performance for Sixth Grade Middle School Students
Creators: name: Stout, Elaina
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of implementing the Shoot for the Goal contest on the reading performance of sixth grade students. This ten-week study used a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest research design with the students who participated in the contest serving as the treatment group and the students who did not participate in the contest serving as the control group. The measurement tool used in this study to indicate growth was the Anne Arundel County Public Schools (AACPS) Fall and Winter Reading and Language Arts Benchmark exams. The independent variable for this study was the Shoot for the Goal contest, and the dependent variable was the difference in the students’ reading comprehension performance on the AACPS Reading and Language Arts Benchmark exam. A t-test for independent groups procedure was used. These results (t = .597, df = 285, p =.551) suggests that the difference in the amount of increase in performance among students who participated (i.e. 5 percentage points) versus those who did not participate (i.e. 4 percentage points) was not statistically significant. In addition, a t-test procedure was used to compare the pretest versus posttest performance of males versus females, and these results (t = 2.309, df = 141, p = .022) suggest that the overall mean difference in performance between males (7.5) and females (2.5) on the Fall Language Arts Benchmark versus Winter Benchmark exams was statistically significant. Further research is warranted to analyze the effectiveness of contests on the reading performance of middle school students.
77 GHz radar-based altimeter for unmanned aerial vehicles
Creators: name: Hügler, Philipp
name: Geiger, Martin
name: Waldschmidt, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Unmanned aerial vehicle
subject: DDC 620 / Engineering & allied operations
subject: Altitudes; Measurement
subject: Autonomous vehicles
subject: Radar
subject: Höhenmesser

description: For multi-copter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) sensing of the actual altitude is an important task. Many functions providing increased flight safety and easy maneuverability rely on altitude data. Commonly used sensors provide the altitude only relative to the starting position, or are limited in range and/or resolution. With the 77 GHz FMCW radar-based altimeter presented in this paper not only the actual altitude over ground but also obstacles such as trees and bushes can be detected. The capability of this solution is verified by measurements over different terrain and vegetation.
Beckmann, Joachim (Hrsg.), Kirchliches Jahrbuch für Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland 1971
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 23 Nr. 1 (1974): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 23, Heft 1
The Phase-Space Parameters of Brightest Halo Galaxies
Creators: name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
name: Weinmann, Simone M.
name: Yang, Xiaohu
name: Mo, H. J.
name: Li, Cheng
name: Jing, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The brightest galaxy in a dark matter halo is expected to reside at rest at the center of the halo. In this paper we test this `Central Galaxy Paradigm' using group catalogues extracted from the 2dFGRS and the SDSS. For each group we compute a parameter, R, defined as the difference between the velocity of the brightest group galaxy and the average velocity of the other group members (hereafter satellites), normalized by the unbiased estimator of the velocity dispersion of the satellite galaxies. Using detailed mock galaxy redshift surveys, we show that the central galaxy paradigm is inconsistent with the data at high confidence, and that instead the brightest halo galaxies have a specific kinetic energy that is about 25 percent of that of the satellites. This indicates that either central galaxies reside at the minimum of the dark matter potential, but that the halo itself is not yet fully relaxed, or, that the halo is relaxed, but that the central galaxy oscillates in its potential well. The former is consistent with the fact that we find a weak hint that the velocity bias of brightest halo galaxies is larger in more massive haloes, while the latter may be indicative of cored, rather than cusped, dark matter haloes. We discuss several implications of these findings, including mass estimates based on satellite kinematics, strong gravitational lensing, halo occupation models, and the frequency and longevity of lopsidedness in disk galaxies.
description: Error in numerical value corrected, and references added
Fine-Tuning Pre-trained Language Model with Weak Supervision: A Contrastive-Regularized Self-Training Approach
Creators: name: Yu, Yue
name: Zuo, Simiao
name: Jiang, Haoming
name: Ren, Wendi
name: Zhao, Tuo
name: Zhang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fine-tuned pre-trained language models (LMs) have achieved enormous success in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, but they still require excessive labeled data in the fine-tuning stage. We study the problem of fine-tuning pre-trained LMs using only weak supervision, without any labeled data. This problem is challenging because the high capacity of LMs makes them prone to overfitting the noisy labels generated by weak supervision. To address this problem, we develop a contrastive self-training framework, COSINE, to enable fine-tuning LMs with weak supervision. Underpinned by contrastive regularization and confidence-based reweighting, this contrastive self-training framework can gradually improve model fitting while effectively suppressing error propagation. Experiments on sequence, token, and sentence pair classification tasks show that our model outperforms the strongest baseline by large margins on 7 benchmarks in 6 tasks, and achieves competitive performance with fully-supervised fine-tuning methods.
description: NAACL-HLT 2021. Code: \url{https://github.com/yueyu1030/COSINE}
Methanol induced biological nutrient removal in a full-scale sequencing batch reactor
Creators: name: Louzeiro, Nuno
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The primary goal of this research was to determine the potential for denitrification and phosphorus removal of a full-scale SBR, with and without the use of methanol as an external carbon source. This study was conducted at the Kent Wastewater Treatment Plant, in Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada, which has two SBRs working in parallel; one SBR was used as a control, and the other was used for the experiment. Methanol was fed into the experimental SBR during the anoxic cycle to achieve approximate concentrations of 4.1, 8.1, and 12.2 mg CH₃OH/L. Each dosage was applied for a one-month period. The full-scale control SBR, without methanol addition, achieved negligible denitrification rates. However, two denitrification rates were observed in the full-scale experimental SBR, with methanol addition; an initial fast rate and a slower second rate. Methanol was utilized as the carbon source for denitrification during the first rate period. The denitrification rate (K[sub DN], mg NO[sub x]/g MLVSS/day) during this period increased with increasing methanol concentration (M, mg CH₃OH/L) according to the following relationship: K[sub DN] =-0.203•M² + 3.93•M, until a maximum denitrification rate of approximately 19 mg NOx/g MLVSS/day was attained. Following the depletion of the methanol, denitrification reactions continued by using the available natural carbon in the influent, resulting in a slower second denitrification rate. Biological phosphate uptake and release was only observed to a significant extent in the experimental SBR with methanol addition. The phosphate release, which commenced once a very low nitrate concentration was achieved, had a rate of approximately 2.7 mg P/g MLVSS/day and was likely caused by a supply of natural short chain carbon in the influent wastewater. Methanol was not utilized to a significant extent as the carbon source for the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. However, methanol addition was critical to the EBPR process, since it depleted the available nitrates, and, thus, allowed EBPR to take place. It was demonstrated during the full-scale study that the settleability was linearly related to the denitrification rate. The average total change in the ORP, during a four-hour SBR cycle, was also linearly related to the denitrification rate.
Can an Effective Global Climate Treaty Be Based on Sound Science, Rational Economics, and Pragmatic Politics
Creators: name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: global climate change
subject: global warming
subject: policy architecture
subject: Kyoto Protocol

description: The Kyoto Protocol (1997) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) may come into force without U.S. participation, but its effects on climate change will be trivial. At the same time, the economic and scientific consensus points to the need for a credible international approach. A reasonable starting point is the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), which was signed by 161 nations and ratified by 50, including the United States, and entered into force in 1994. In this paper, I remain agnostic on the question of the Kyoto Protocol's viability. Some analysts see the agreement as deeply flawed, while others see it as an acceptable or even excellent first step. But virtually everyone agrees that the Protocol is not sufficient to the overall challenge, and that further, subsequent steps will be required. This is my starting point for proposing a three-part policy architecture: first, all nations would be involved through the use of economic trigger mechanisms, such as growth targets; second, long-term targets would be required - in the short-term, firm, but moderate targets, and in the long-term, flexible, but much more stringent targets; and third, market-based policy instruments would be part of the package - emissions trading, carbon taxes, or hybrids of the two. This overall approach can be made to be scientifically sound, economically rational, and politically pragmatic.
Radar-based altitude over ground estimation of UAVs
Creators: name: Schartel, Markus
name: Burr, Ralf
name: Schoeder, Pirmin
name: Rossi, Gilberto
name: Hügler, Philipp
name: Mayer, Winfried
name: Waldschmidt, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Radaraltimeter
subject: UAV
subject: Lidar
subject: Tracking
subject: DDC 620 / Engineering & allied operations
subject: Optical radar
subject: Tracking (Engineering)
subject: Altimeter
subject: Lidar
subject: Laser Tracker
subject: Höhenmesser

description: A 26GHz low-cost, low power, and low complexity pulse correlation radar (PCR) for online altitude over ground estimation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is presented. In the experimental part of this paper, measurement results of the customized lightweight radar are shown. Therefore, this radar, a commercially available lidar sensor, and a real time kinematic global navigation satellite system (RTK GNSS) are mounted on a UAV. It is shown that in sparse vegetation, the radar in combination with a particle filter outperforms the lidar sensor. Besides, it is explained, why strong radar reflections can lead to a time offset of the particle filtered altitude. As an application, a radar-based terrain map is presented.
Reaction Kinetics in a Tight Spot
Creators: name: Biham, Ofer
name: Krug, Joachim
name: Lipshtat, Azi
name: Michely, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard analysis of reaction networks based on deterministic rate equations fails in confined geometries, commonly encountered in fields such as astrochemistry, thin film growth and cell biology. In these systems the small reactant population implies anomalous behavior of reaction rates, which can be accounted for only by following the full distribution of reactant numbers.
The Effect of a Technology-Based Program on the Retention of Mathematics Skills
Creators: name: Madera, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a Technology-Based Intervention Program, Study Island, would positively affect the skill retention of mathematics skills of eight selected third grade special education students. The measurement tool was the Baltimore County Public Schools (BCPS) unit assessment for the geometry unit. This study involved the use of a pretest/posttest design to compare data from March of 2013 (before the intervention was administered) to data from June of 2013 (after the intervention was complete). The results of the study show a decline in students’ skill retention, but the amount of the decline was not statistically significant, thus could have occurred by chance. Research in the area of Technology-Based Intervention programs should continue in order to determine the reliability and validity of these types of programs.
Modeling in-ice radio propagation with parabolic equation methods
Creators: name: Prohira, S.
name: Sbrocco, C.
name: Allison, P.
name: Beatty, J.
name: Besson, D.
name: Connolly, A.
name: Dasgupta, P.
name: Deaconu, C.
name: de Vries, K. D.
name: De Kockere, S.
name: Frikken, D.
name: Hast, C.
name: Santiago, E. Huesca
name: Kuo, C. -Y.
name: Latif, U. A.
name: Lukic, V.
name: Meures, T.
name: Mulrey, K.
name: Nam, J.
name: Nozdrina, A.
name: Ralston, J. P.
name: Stanley, R. S.
name: Torres, J.
name: Toscano, S.
name: Broeck, D. Van den
name: van Eijndhoven, N.
name: Wissel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the use of parabolic equation (PE) methods for solving radio-wave propagation in polar ice. PE methods provide an approximate solution to Maxwell's equations, in contrast to full-field solutions such as finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) methods, yet provide a more complete model of propagation than simple geometric ray-tracing (RT) methods that are the current state of the art for simulating in-ice radio detection of neutrino-induced cascades. PE are more computationally efficient than FDTD methods, and more flexible than RT methods, allowing for the inclusion of diffractive effects, and modeling of propagation in regions that cannot be modeled with geometric methods. We present a new PE approximation suited to the in-ice case. We conclude that current ray-tracing methods may be too simplistic in their treatment of ice properties, and their continued use could overestimate experimental sensitivity for in-ice neutrino detection experiments. We discuss the implications for current in-ice Askaryan-type detectors and for the upcoming Radar Echo Telescope; two families of experiments for which these results are most relevant. We suggest that PE methods be investigated further for in-ice radio applications.
Higgs boson interference in mu^+ mu^- ->chargino_i chargino_j with longitudinally polarized beams
Creators: name: Kittel, Olaf
name: von der Pahlen, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study chargino production at a muon collider with longitudinally polarized beams and center of mass energies around the heavy neutral Higgs boson resonances. We show that the interference of the CP even and CP odd Higgs bosons can be analyzed using the energy distributions of the lepton or W boson from the chargino two-body decays \tildeχ^\pm_j\to\ell^\mp\tildeν_\ell or \tildeχ^\pm_j \to W^\pm \neutralino_1, respectively. The energy distributions depend on the longitudinal polarization of the decaying chargino, which are correlated to the muon beam polarizations. We define asymmetries in these energy distributions which allow a determination of the H and A couplings to the charginos and in particular of their relative phase. We analyze the asymmetries, cross sections and branching ratios in CP conserving Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model scenarios. For nearly degenerate Higgs bosons we find maximal asymmetries which can be measured with high statistical significance.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected and references added, version to appear in Physical Review D
Environmental Remediation Law and Economies in Transition
Creators: name: Boyd, James
name: Boyd, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental remediation
subject: liability
subject: privatization
subject: transitional economies

description: The paper discusses the design of environmental remediation laws in countries struggling with fundamental market and institutional reforms. Optimal cleanup standards, liability rules, and enforcement are discussed from the standpoint of both economic efficiency and practical implementation. Particular attention is paid to financing mechanisms and issues that arise during privatization.
A multicopter-based focusing method for ground penetrating synthetic aperture radars
Creators: name: Schartel, Markus
name: Prakasan, Krishnendhu
name: Hügler, Philipp
name: Burr, Ralf
name: Mayer, Winfried
name: Waldschmidt, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: GPR
subject: FMCW
subject: UAV
subject: DDC 620 / Engineering & allied operations
subject: Ground penetrating radar
subject: Elektromagnetische Reflexionsmethode
subject: Moduliertes Dauerstrichradar

description: A subsurface focusing method for multicopter-based mine detection using a ground penetrating synthetic aperture radar (GPSAR) is presented. In the first part of this paper, the challenges of a side-looking single-input single-output (SISO) GPSAR operating in stripmap mode are highlighted by simulation results. As verification, rail-based frequency-modulated continous-wave (FMCW) GPSAR measurement are shown. In the second part of this paper, the 3D imaging circular SAR (CSAR) approach for subsurface focusing is discussed. It is shown that the 3D position of buried point-like targets can be determined unambiguously. As proof of concept simulation results as well as first multicopter-based CSAR measurements are presented.
Economic Uncertainties in Valuing Reductions in Children's Environmental Health Risks
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Sandra A.
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Hoffmann, Sandra A.
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: willingness to pay
subject: QALY
subject: children
subject: social welfare function
subject: health valuation
subject: environmental health
subject: household behavior

description: The recognition that environmental hazards can affect children differently and more severely than adults has provoked growing concern in industrialized nations about the impact of environmental pollution on children's health. In this paper, commissioned by the OECD, we are charged with examining "economic uncertainties" associated with valuing the benefits of environmental policies that reduce risk to children's health. We examine two sources of uncertainty in benefits estimation: forecasting uncertainty and modeling uncertainty. We explore how these sources of uncertainty affect the use of standard economic and non-economic approaches to the valuation of health benefits. These include willingness-to-pay measures, cost-of-illness and human-capital measures, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and related non-economic measures.
Testing weakest force with coldest spot
Creators: name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: Wang, Shao-Jiang
name: Yi, Su
name: Yu, Jiang-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-cold atom experiment in space with microgravity allows for realization of dilute atomic-gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with macroscopically large occupation number and significantly long condensate lifetime, which allows for a precise measurement on the shape oscillation frequency by calibrating itself over numerous oscillation periods. In this paper, we propose to measure the Newtonian gravitational constant via ultra-cold atom BEC with shape oscillation, although it is experimentally challenging. We also make a preliminary perspective on constraining the modified Newtonian potential such as the power-law potential, Yukawa interaction, and fat graviton. A resolution of frequency measurement of $(1-100)\,\mathrm{nHz}$ at most for the occupation number $10^9$, just one order above experimentally achievable number $N\sim10^6-10^8$, is feasible to constrain the modified Newtonian potential with Yukawa interaction greatly beyond the current exclusion limits.
description: v1, 10 pages, 3 figures; v2, references added, discussion extended for enlarged parameter space of Yukawa interaction, version accepted by EPJC
Instabilities and the null energy condition
Creators: name: Buniy, Roman V.
name: Hsu, Stephen D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that violation of the null energy condition implies instability in a broad class of models, including classical gauge theories with scalar and fermionic matter as well as any perfect fluid. When applied to the dark energy, our results imply that $w = p / ρ$ is unlikely to be less than -1.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, revtex, presentation improved, minor changes
122 GHz monostatic radar altimeter for automated UAV landing
Creators: name: Hügler, Philipp
name: Driemeyer, Björn
name: Chaloun, Tobias
name: Waldschmidt, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Telemetry
subject: Radar measurements
subject: Unmanned aerial vehicle
subject: DDC 620 / Engineering & allied operations
subject: Radar in aeronautics
subject: Tracking radar
subject: Aerospace telemetry
subject: Telemetrie
subject: Zielverfolgungsradar

description: Landing maneuvers are critical tasks for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and need very precise information on the altitude above ground level (AGL). Radar is a suitable technology for this application, because it can not only sense the altitude AGL but also the rate of descent. In addition, obstacles or unsuitable terrain for landing can be detected. With the 122 GHz monostatic radar sensor presented in this paper, high bandwidth can be achieved in order to obtain range resolution in the single digit cm-range. Measurements are performed for different bandwidths to verify the concept.
Resonant amplification of magnetic seed fields by gravitational waves in the early universe
Creators: name: Tsagas, Christos G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation is known to produce both gravitational waves and seed magnetic fields on scales well beyond the size of the horizon. The general relativistic interaction between these two sources at the end of inflation showed a significant amplification of the initial magnetic seed, which brought the latter within the currently accepted dynamo limits. In the present article we revisit this gravito-magnetic interaction and argue that the observed strong growth of the field is the result of resonance. More specifically, we show that the maximum magnetic boost always occurs when the wavelength of the inducing gravitational radiation and the scale of the original seed field coincide. We also look closer at the physics of the proposed Maxwell-Weyl coupling, consider the implications of finite electrical conductivity for the efficiency of the amplification mechanism and clarify further the mathematics of the analysis.
description: Revised version (conductivity effects extended), references added, to appear in PRD
Alleged Transmission Undersupply: Is Restructuring the Cure or the Cause?
Creators: name: Brennan, Timothy J.
name: Brennan, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: electricity transmission
subject: regulation
subject: deregulation
subject: vertical integration

description: Widespread concern over transmission capacity requires theoretical support to infer inadequacy from observed trends indicating reductions in the ratio of transmission to generation capacity over time. If integrated utilities had been regulated with allowed returns exceeding capital costs, transmission generation ratios would have been excessive, and observed trends might be a correction. However, numerous commentators claim that post-restructuring transmission rates have been too low, with NIMBY also discouraging investment. We model the possibility that inadequate separation between generation and transmission may result in reduced investment, in order to preserve incumbent market power in generation. However, consideration of transmission price caps and coordinated generation investment support other analyses that conclude that vertical separation itself may be a culprit.
Position acquisition for a multicopter-based synthetic aperture radar
Creators: name: Schartel, Markus
name: Bähnemann, Rik
name: Burr, Ralf
name: Mayer, Winfried
name: Waldschmidt, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: GPR
subject: UAV
subject: RTK GNSS
subject: UAS
subject: DDC 004 / Data processing & computer science
subject: DDC 620 / Engineering & allied operations
subject: Synthetic aperture radar
subject: Ground penetrating radar
subject: Tachymeter
subject: Topology
subject: SAR
subject: Elektromagnetische Reflexionsmethode
subject: GNSS
subject: Tachymetrie
subject: Position

description: Humanitarian demining is still mainly carried out by hand. The most trusted and widely used technical tool is probably the metal detector. However, these sensors are hand-held devices which are operated closely to the surface. To make the process of mine clearance safer, a ground penetrating synthetic aperture radar (GPSAR) was developed that can be operated on an autonomous flying unmanned aerial system (UAS). A key challenge of this system approach is the accurate position acquisition of the UAS. This paper compares a real time kinematic global navigation satellite system (RTK GNSS) and a total station with respect to UAS-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image processing. First, the systems and the associated signal processing chain will be briefly presented, then the trajectories and the processed SAR image will be compared.
Airborne tripwire detection using a synthetic aperture radar
Creators: name: Schartel, Markus
name: Burr, Ralf
name: Mayer, Winfried
name: Waldschmidt, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: UAS
subject: UAV
subject: Tripwire
subject: Demining
subject: Multicopter
subject: FMCW
subject: DDC 620 / Engineering & allied operations
subject: SAR
subject: Synthetic aperture radar
subject: Radar
subject: FMCW-Radar
subject: Synthetik-Apertur-Radar
subject: Stolperdraht
subject: Minenräumung
subject: Quadrocopter

description: Anti-personnel fragmentation mines are relatively large metallic mines, which are only partially buried and often triggered by a metallic tripwire. In humanitarian mine clearance, the search for the wires is usually carried out manually. As a new approach, an airborne system for the detection of tripwires using a synthetic aperture radar is presented. The system consists of an industrial multicopter, a frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar, and a real time kinematic global navigation satellite system. For image formation, a back-projection algorithm is used. Measurements with tripwires attached to a dummy mine successfully demonstrate the functionality of this system approach. In addition, the influence of wire length, vegetation, and incidence angle are investigated. It is shown that several overflights with different directions of flight are required to detect randomly oriented tripwires.
Cosmology, astrobiology, and the RNA world. Just add quintessential water
Creators: name: Johnson, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water nanoclusters ejected into interstellar space from abundant amorphous ice-coated cosmic dust offer a hypothetical scenario connecting major mysteries of our universe: dark matter, dark energy, cosmology, astrobiology, and the RNA world. Cosmic water nanoclusters also exhibit the dipole-moment anisotropy prerequisite to their birefringence property, which may explain recent CMB birefringence data possibly supporting quintessence.
description: 25 pages; 10 figures