Fergusobia janetae Davies &amp; Ye &amp; Taylor &amp; Scheffer &amp; Bartholomaeus &amp; Giblin-Davis 2018, n. sp.
Creators: name: Davies, Kerrie A.
name: Ye, Weimin
name: Taylor, Gary S.
name: Scheffer, Sonja
name: Bartholomaeus, F.
name: Giblin-Davis, Robin M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Tylenchida
Fergusobiidae
Fergusobia
Fergusobia janetae

description: <i>Fergusobia janetae</i> Davies n. sp. <i>apud</i> MSp 40 (Davies <i>et al</i>. 2012a) (Fig. 1) Measurements. Table 2. <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: Parthenogenetic female, near Busselton, WA, Australia (33°38.62´S, 115°26.59´E). From roadside vegetation; unilocular galls on the blades of leaves of <i>Eucalyptus marginata</i> Donn ex Smith, collected J. Walker and K.A. Davies, 30.x.2000. On a slide with a paratype infective female and a male, deposited in the ANIC, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Paratypes: Vouchers (collection data as above) deposited at the WINC, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia, 8 parthenogenetic <b>&amp;female; s</b> and 6 <b>Ƌs</b> on slides numbered WINC 004288-89 (WNC 2209); at the Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA, Australia, 8 parthenogenetic <b>&amp;female; s</b> and 8 <b>Ƌs</b> on slides; and at the USDA Nematode Collection, Beltsville, MD, USA 1 parthenogenetic <b>&amp;female;</b> and 1 <b>Ƌ</b> on a slide. Fifteen parthenogenetic &amp;female; s, one preparasitic infective &amp;female; and 18 &amp;male; s examined. <b>Description. Parthenogenetic female.</b> Body straight to arcuate, spindle-shaped; relatively broad compared to length; of similar size to males; body narrows gradually from about one body diameter anterior to vulva to form a straight conoid tail (Fig. 1A). With light microscope, cuticle appears smooth, and longitudinal striae in sub-cuticle are clear. Lateral fields with seven incisures (Fig. 1K). Cephalic region 6–9 µm in diameter, ~75–80% diameter of body at anterior end, off-set, 1.5 <i>–</i> 3 µm high, unstriated, not annulated; rounded outline in lateral view, circum-oral area slightly raised (Fig. 1B). Scanning electron microscopy shows that there are 6 rounded ‘lips’, with the two lateral lips being slightly narrower than the other four, and sub-triangular, with large openings for the amphids (Fig. 1B). Stylet sturdy, with cone usually less than 50% length, basal knobs as high as wide, <i>~</i> 2 µm wide at base, rounded. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland <i>~</i> 1 µm posterior to stylet knobs. Anterior fusiform part of digestive tract not greatly expanded, occupying ~50–80% of body diameter; length 4.6 (3.7–6.0) times diameter (Fig. 1B). Valves apparently separating pharynx and intestine present 1–1.2 stylet lengths behind the stylet knobs, <i>i.e</i>. within the anterior fusiform part of digestive tract. Pharyngeal glands large, extending over intestine, occupying 57 (48–67)% of body diameter, distance from anterior end to end of glands being 20 (12–25)% of total body length. Intestinal lumen broadens from mid length to posterior of pharyngeal gland. Secretory/excretory pore opening posterior to pharyngeal gland; with non-refractile duct surrounded by prominent duct cell, secretory/excretory cell ellipsoid. Hemizonid positioned far anterior to pore, approximately at level of nucleus of dorsal gland cell. Reproductive tract variable in length, outstretched or flexed, extending part-way along dorsal pharyngeal gland or to nerve ring; oviduct with oocytes in pairs; uterus relatively long, extensile; about 30% of body length, containing 3 or more eggs; cells of quadricolumella prominent, smooth; vulva a simple slit. Anus a small pore. Tail conoid, straight, length 2–5 times anal body diameter, strongly annulated, narrowing gradually and equally to bluntly rounded tip (Figs 1A, G). <b>Infective pre-parasitic female.</b> The only specimen found was undergoing moult from J4 to adult stage (Fig. 1C). Infects mature larval stage or pupa of <i>Fergusonina</i> sp. Almost straight when relaxed by heat; maximum diameter at mid-body length, body narrows gradually behind vulva. Cuticle with inconspicuous annulations, clear longitudinal striae seen with light microscope; lateral fields not seen. Large nuclei present in body wall. Cephalic region ~ 90% diameter of body at anterior end, not offset, unstriated, ~ 8 µm in diameter, 2 µm high; circum-oral area flat. Stylet too weakly sclerotised to be observed. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland not seen. Anterior part of digestive tract not expanded, occupying ~60% of body diameter, length 5 times diameter. Pharyngeal gland extending over intestine, occupying 40% body diameter, distance from anterior end to posterior end of glands being 22% body length. Secretory/excretory pore opening near posterior end of pharyngeal glands; hemizonid not seen. Uterus not fully developed, containing no sperm; vagina angled towards anterior end, about one vulval body diameter in length and occupying almost full body width, ovoid in shape, surrounded by apparent strong musculature; reproductive tract extending ~30% of distance between vulva and nerve ring. Vulval lips tiny, flat; no vulval plate apparent. Tail straight, length ~4 times body diameter at anus, tip narrowly rounded (Fig. 1C). <b>Male.</b> Body an open C-shape when relaxed by heat, tail region relatively slender (Fig. 1D). Cuticle appears smooth when viewed with light microscope; longitudinal striae clearly apparent in sub-cuticle; lateral fields faint, 5 or 6 lines present. Cephalic region 80–90% of anterior body diameter, offset, 6–8 µm in diameter, 2–4 µm high; circum-oral area flat or barely raised. Stylet sturdy, with cone ~40% of length, basal knobs spheroid, ~2 µm wide (Fig. 1H). Anterior fusiform part of digestive tract slender, occupying ~20–40% of body diameter; length 5.1 (4.1–5.9) times diameter; lumen broadening posterior to gland nucleus. Valves apparently separating pharynx and intestine, situated ~1 stylet length behind stylet knobs. Pharyngeal glands extending over intestine, 59 (50–68)% of body diameter, distance from anterior end to end of glands being 24 (20–34)% of total body length. Secretory/excretory pore opens posterior to pharyngeal gland; duct non-refractile, surrounded by prominent duct cell; excretory cell not seen. Hemizonid extending over two annules, positioned anterior to secretory/excretory pore in region level with or anterior to pharyngeal gland nucleus. Reproductive tract with single testis, extending to nerve ring; usually outstretched and occasionally flexed; testis, seminal vesicle and vas deferens of shorter tracts not clearly differentiated (Fig. 1D). Spermatids not in columns. Bursa smooth, prominent in most specimens; arises 95–98 (mean 96%) of length of body anterior to tail tip (Fig. 1H). The bursa widens just anterior to the cloaca; unclear if it terminates just anterior to the tail tip or surrounds it (Fig. 1D). Spicules paired, more or less angular near mid-length, relatively slender; relatively strongly sclerotised; in some specimens manubrium clearly offset on dorsal edge, wider than shaft; blade narrows gradually to bluntly rounded tip and may have convex curve on proximal edge (Fig. 1L). Large glands on vas deferens, associated with cloaca. Tail straight to ventrally arcuate, sub-conoid, ~3–5 times as long as diameter at cloaca, narrowing gradually to bluntly rounded or angular tip (Fig. 1J). <b>Diagnosis and relationships.</b> <i>Fergusobia janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is morphologically characterized by the combination of a large, almost straight, spindle-shaped parthenogenetic female with an extensile uterus and a narrow conoid tail; an arcuate, relatively broad, infective female with a conoid tail having a narrowly rounded tip; and an open Cshaped male with an arcuate to angular spicule and bursa arising near the level of the stylet knobs. Morphologically, <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is most similar to <i>F. magna</i> Siddiqi 1986 <i>sensu</i> Davies 2010 (in Davies <i>et al</i>. 2010b), <i>F. indica</i> (Jairajpuri, 1962) Siddiqi, 1986 and <i>F. rileyi</i>, and also has similarities with <i>F. linariifolia</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al</i>. 2014e) and <i>F. pohutukawa</i> Davies 2007 (in Taylor <i>et al.</i> 2007). Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular data from sequencing of the relatively conserved 18S and 28S D2/D3 expansion segment. The parthenogenetic female of <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> (a straight or arcuate spindle-shape when heat-fixed, with a long slender tail) differs from all described species of <i>Fergusobia</i>, except <i>F. magna.</i> Body length of the parthenogenetic female of <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> overlaps with that of <i>F. magna</i> and <i>F. indica</i> (respectively, 514–723 <i>vs</i> 418–780 and 525–626 µm) and is larger than all other described species of <i>Fergusobia</i>. However, its straight to arcuate body separates female <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> from <i>F. magna</i> which has a C-shaped parthenogenetic female. The presence of an extensile uterus in the parthenogenetic female of <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> separates it from <i>F. indica</i> and also from <i>F. cajuputiae</i> Davies &amp; Giblin-Davis, 2004, <i>F. colbrani</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2014a), <i>F. dealbatae</i> Davies &amp; Giblin-Davis, 2004, <i>F. delegatensae</i> Davies 2013 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2013b), <i>F. eugenioidae</i> Davies 2012 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2012b), <i>F. fisheri</i> Davies &amp; Lloyd, 1996, <i>F. leucadendrae</i> Davies &amp; Giblin-Davis, 2004, <i>F. nervosa</i> Davies &amp; Giblin-Davis, 2004, <i>F. philippinensis</i> Siddiqi, 1994, <i>F. schmidti</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2014c), <i>F. quinquenerviae</i> Davies &amp; Giblin-Davis, 2004, <i>F. rosettae</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2014d), <i>F. rileyi</i> Davies 2012 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2012a), <i>F. sporangae</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2014d), <i>F. tolgaensis</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2014d), <i>F. tumifaciens</i> (Currie 1937) Wachek 1955 <i>sensu</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2014b), and <i>F. decorae</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al</i>. 2014e), which lack extensile uteri. In having cuticle that does not swell upon fixation; it differs from <i>F. linariifoliae</i> and <i>F. pohutukawa</i>, and also from <i>F. jambophila</i> Siddiqi 1986, in which it does. <i>Fergusobia janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is separated from <i>F. rileyi</i> by both body length and in having a longer tail (90 <i>vs</i> 40–50 µm). The only infective female of <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> available for examination was moulting, and information about it is therefore limited. Its body length and stylet length are unlikely to accurately reflect that of mature individuals, <i>i.e</i>., cannot be used here as characters. Its arcuate shape differs from that of <i>F. diversifoliae</i>, <i>F. fasciculosae</i> Davies 2012 (in Davies <i>et al</i>. 2012b), <i>F. gomphocephalae</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al</i>. 2014c), <i>F. leucadendrae, F. nervosae,</i> <i>F. pimpamensis</i> Davies 2013 (Davies <i>et al</i>. 2013b), <i>F. philippinensis, F. rosettae, F. sporangae,</i> <i>F. tolgaensis</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2014c), and <i>F. viminalisae</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2014b) (open Cshape), and from <i>F. eugenioidae,</i> <i>F. juliae</i> Davies 2012 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2012b), <i>F. morrisae</i> Davies 2012 (in Davies <i>et al</i>. 2012b), <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. ptychocarpae</i> Davies 2008 (in Taylor &amp; Davies 2008), <i>F. tumifaciens,</i> and <i>F. viminalisae</i> (J-shaped). It has a straight slender sub-conoid tail with a bluntly rounded tip, separating it from <i>F. brittenae</i> Davies 2010 (in Taylor &amp; Davies 2010), <i>F. cajuputiae,</i> <i>F. curriei</i> Fisher &amp; Nickle 1968, <i>F. leptospermum</i> Davies 2017 (in Davies <i>et al</i>. 2017), <i>F. leucadendrae,</i> <i>F. minimus</i> Lisnawita (in Davies <i>et al</i>., 2013b), <i>F. nervosae, F. pauciflorae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. quinquenerviae, F. tolgaensis</i> (with broadly rounded tips); <i>F. eugenioidae, F. juliae, F. linariifoliae, F. morrisae,</i> <i>F. porosae</i> Davies 2013 (in Davies <i>et al</i>. 2013a), <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. ptychocarpae, F. tumifaciens, F. viminalisae,</i> <i>F. viridiflorae</i> Davies &amp; Giblin-Davis 2004 (with J–shaped tails); <i>F. armillarisae</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2014), <i>F. brevicauda</i> Siddiqi 1994, <i>F. camaldulensae, F. colbrani,</i> <i>F. cosmophyllae</i> Davies 2013 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2013b), <i>F. dealbatae, F. decorae, F. delegatensae,</i> <i>F. diversifoliae</i> Davies 2013 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2013b), <i>F. fasciculosae, F. fisheri,</i> <i>F. floribundae</i> Davies 2013 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2013b), <i>F. gomphocephalae,</i> <i>F. leucoxylonae</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies et al. 2014c), <i>F. microcarpae</i> Davies 2013 (in Davies <i>et al.</i> 2013a), <i>F. obliquae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. pimpamensis,</i> <i>F. planchonianae</i> Davies 2014 (in Davies <i>et al</i>. 2014b), <i>F. robustae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. rosettae, F. schmidti, F. sporangae</i> (with sub-hemispherical tips); and from <i>F. philippinensis</i> (with a truncate tip). The infective female of <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> has a more posterior vulva than that of <i>F. magna</i> (V% 65–72 <i>vs</i> 51–62). In length (639–750 µm), the male of <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is larger than all described species of <i>Fergusobia</i>. The shape of the tail (slender, arcuate with a bluntly rounded tip, long) is similar to that of <i>F. magna</i> and <i>F. rileyi</i>, but differs in being longer (82–111 <i>vs</i> 54–87 and 58–70 µm, respectively) and is slimmer than in <i>F. magna</i> (respectively, c’ ratio 3.3–4.8 <i>vs</i> 2.0–3.3). In length (9–11 µm), the stylet is similar to that of most described species, but longer than in <i>F. minimus</i> (4–7 µm). Spicule length (23–27 µm) is smaller than in <i>F. magna</i> (30–36 µm); but overlaps with or is longer than in other described species of <i>Fergusobia</i>. The shape of the spicules in <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> (more or less angular) differs from those of <i>F. jambophila, F. pimpamensis, F. rosettae,</i> and <i>F. decorae</i>, in which it is clearly arcuate. In the male of <i>F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, the bursa extends over&gt;90% of the body length, longer than in most <i>Fergusobia</i> spp., except for <i>F. leptospermum</i> (99%), <i>F. linariifolia</i> (90%), <i>F. pohutukawa</i> (99%), <i>F. rileyi</i> (90–95%) and <i>F. viridiflorae</i> (90%). <b>Etymology</b>. Named for the late Janet Walker, who directed the first author to the new species described here, in gratitude for her help with collecting, and happy memories of her zest for life, humour and patience.
description: Published as part of <i>Davies, Kerrie A., Ye, Weimin, Taylor, Gary S., Scheffer, Sonja, Bartholomaeus, F. &amp; Giblin-Davis, Robin M., 2018, Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. XI. Descriptions of five new species of Fergusobia from Australia, pp. 1-31 in Zootaxa 4399 (1)</i> on pages 3-7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1206406
description: {"references": ["Davies, K. A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R., Taylor, G. S. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2012 a) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. II. Fergusobia / Fergusonina from small axillary bud (' stem') and leaf (' pea') galls in Australia, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3415, 1 - 22.", "Siddiqi, M. R. (1986) A review of the genus Fergusobia Currie (Hexatylina) with descriptions of F. jambophila n. sp. and F. magna n. sp. In: Swarup, G. &amp; Dasgupta, D. R. (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes of India, Problems and Progress. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, pp. 264 - 278.", "Davies, K. A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R., Taylor, G. S. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2010 b) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. I. Fergusobia / Fergusonina galls on Corymbia spp., with re-description of F. magna and notes on its phylogenetic relationships. Zootaxa, 2634, 25 - 40.", "Jairajpuri, M. S. (1962) On a new nematode Boleodorus indicus n. sp. (Neotylenchidae: Tylenchida) from soil about the roots of onions, Allium cepa L. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 22, 214 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00260007", "Davies, K. A., Bartholomaeus, F., Giblin-Davis, R. M., Ye, W., Taylor, G. S. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2014 e) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. X. Fergusobia from galls on narrow-leaved Melaleuca spp. in Australia, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 3889, 237 - 258.", "Davies, K. A., Taylor, G. S., Nelson, L. A., Yeates, D. K. &amp; Giblin-Davis, R. M. (2014 a) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. VI. Fergusobia from galls on Angophora in Australia, with description of F. colbrani n. sp. and key. Zootaxa, 3856, 326 - 348.", "Davies, K. A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R. M., Taylor, G. S. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2013 b) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. V. Fergusobia from large multilocular shoot bud galls from Angophora and Eucalyptus in Australia, with descriptions of five new species. Zootaxa, 3741, 101 - 140.", "Davies, K. A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R., Taylor, G. S. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2012 b) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. III. Fergusobia from flower bud and stigma galls on Eucalyptus, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3532, 1 - 36.", "Davies, K. A. &amp; Lloyd, J. (1996) Nematodes associated with Diptera in South Australia: a new species of Fergusobia Currie and a new record of Syrphonema Laumond &amp; Lyon. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 120, 13 - 20.", "Siddiqi, M. R. (1994) Fergusobia brevicauda sp. n. and F. philippinensis sp. n. (Nematodea: Hexatylina) from Eucalyptus deglupta. Proceedings of the Second Afro - Asian Nematology Symposium, 96 - 100.", "Davies, K. A., Bartholomaeus, F., Giblin-Davis, R. M., Ye, W., Taylor, G. S. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2014 c) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. VIII. Fergusobia from small galls on shoot buds, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 3857, 1 - 40.", "Davies, K. A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R. M., Taylor, G. S. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2014 d) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. IX. Fergusobia rosettae n. sp. on Melaleuca quinquenervia and F. tolgaensis n. sp. on Syzygium luehmannii, from Queensland. Zootaxa, 3889, 214 - 236.", "Currie, G. A. (1937) Galls on Eucalyptus trees. A new type of association between flies and nematodes. Proceedings Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 62, 147 - 174.", "Wachek, F. (1955) Die parasitischen Tylenchiden. Parasitol Schriftenreihe, 3, 1 - 119.", "Davies, K. A., Giblin-Davis, R. M., Ye, W., Taylor, G. S., Hodda, M. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2014 b) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. VII. Fergusobia from ' leafy' leaf bud galls, with re-description of Fergusobia tumifaciens (Currie 1937) Wachek 1955 and descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3856, 529 - 554.", "Taylor, G. S. &amp; Davies, K. A. (2008) New species of gall fly (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and an associated nematode (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae) from flower bud galls on Corymbia (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 47, 336 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.2008.00665. x", "Fisher, J. M. &amp; Nickle, W. R. (1968) On the classification and life history of Fergusobia curriei (Sphaerulariidae: Nematoda). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 35, 40 - 46.", "Davies, K. A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R. M., Taylor, G. S. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2013 a) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. IV. Fergusobia from flat leaf galls on Eucalyptus and Corymbia, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3741, 151 - 171."]}