Stigmella truncata Remeikis & Stonis 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Stonis, Jonas R.
name: Remeikis, Andrius
name: Davis, Donald R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nepticulidae
Stigmella
Stigmella truncata

description: 3. Stigmella truncata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.   
(Figs 3, 14–16, 45–53, 97)  
 Diagnosis. Externally adults of this species resemble a few other species of the S. purpurimaculae group, especially S. sceptra, S. purpurimaculae and specimens of S. cana possessing a purple spot of the forewing. However, from the most similar S. sceptra, the species differs in the short, partially reduced phallus; from S. purpurimaculae in the distally narrowed (triangular) valva, the truncate lobes of the uncus, the shorter lobes of the vinculum, and the shorter phallus; from S. cana in the smaller size of the adults and shorter antenna, the distally narrowed (triangular, not bulged) valva, and the truncate lobes of the uncus.   
 Male (Figs 3, 14–16). Forewing length 1.8–2.2 mm; wingspan 4.1–4.9 mm. Head: palpi grey; frontal tuft usually entirely dark greyish brown, sometimes mixed: dark greyish brown on frons, yellowish orange on vertex; collar and scape yellowish cream to silvery whitish; antenna half the length of forewing or shorter; flagellum with 30–32 segments, dark greyish brown, strongly glossy, usually without purplish iridescence. Thorax, tegulae and forewing shiny, grey with strong golden gloss, with no fascia; apex brownish to dark brown, occassionally with some purplish iridescence; terminal and tornal cilia greyish brown to pale grey; underside of forewing fuscous brown, with no spots or androconia, occasionally with very weak purple iridescence. Hindwings grey to greyish brown on upper side and underside, with no androconia; their cilia greyish brown to grey. Legs brownish grey to fuscous grey on upper side and underside, with very strong gloss. Abdomen shiny, dark grey on upper side and underside; anal tufts short, greyish; anal plates grey.   
 Female. Forewing length about 2.5–2.7 mm; wingspan about 5.5–6.0 mm. Frontal tuft from entirely orange to mixed orange and (greyish brown) or entirely dark greyish brown. Flagellum with about 23 segments. Otherwise as in male.   
 Male genitalia (Figs 45–53). Capsule much longer (280–340 µm) than wide (175–195 µm). Vinculum with two triangular lateral (anterior) lobes; ventral plate of viculum very short in the middle. Uncus with short (truncate) caudal lobes (Figs 46, 50). Gnathos with two narrow caudal processes (Figs 47, 50), central plate of gnathos like a narrow transverse bar. Valva (Figs 45–47, 49, 51) 170–180 µm long, gradually narrowed towards apex (i.e. almost triangular), with very large chitinized and slightly pointed (almost straight) apical process; inner lobe weakly developed but often heavily papillated (Figs 49, 51); transtilla with short triangular and pointed sublateral processes. Phallus (Figs 48, 52, 53) 260–270 µm long, 110–115 µm broad; chitinization of phallus tube is partially reduced in distal 1/2–1/3; vesica with numerous small dentate (Fig. 53) and some small spine-like cornuti (the later form a minory). Manica absent.   
 Female genitalia (Fig. 97). Total length about 820 µm. Anterior apophyses very short (about 50 µm long), posterior apophyses much longer (about 130 µm) and very slender. Vestibulum broad, without sclerites. Corpus bursae with folded distal part and broad round basal part, without signa, sparsely covered with pectinations not only in proximal part but along the entire length, without thickened spines. Accessory sac broad, short but slightly prominent (barely distinct); ductus spermathecae short, with about 2 convolutions, extended into long (about 600 µm) and very broad (i.e. oval) utriculus (Fig. 97). Abdominal tip blunt, rounded.   
 Bionomics. Some specimens were collected around Nothofagus pumilio; however there is insufficient proof that this plant is the host-plant of S. truncata. Adults fly at light in October–December.   
 Distribution. This species occurs in the southern Andes (Argentina and Chile) at altitudes ca. 800–1600 m (see Material).   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂, ARGENTINA, Río Negro, S. C. de Bariloche, Pampa del Toro, elevation ca. 1000 m, 21.xi.1978, Mision Cientifica Danesa, genitalia slide no. RA 433♂ (ZMUC).   
Paratypes: 7 ♂, ARGENTINA, Río Negro, S.C. de Bariloche, Pampa del Toro, elevation ca. 900 m, 28.x.–9.xi.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide nos. RA 394♂, RA 397♂, RA 402♂, RA 411♂, RA 439♂, RA 440♂, RA 502♂ (ZMUC); 3 ♂, Cerro López, elevation ca. 1300 m, 13.x.–10.xi.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide nos. RA 425♂, RA 426♂, RA 443♂ (ZMUC); 3 ♂, Pampa del Toro, elevation ca. 1000 m, 21.xi.1978, Mision Cientifica Danesa, genitalia slide nos. RA 400♂, RA 404♂, RA 429♂ (ZMUC); 2 ♂, Camino del Tronador, elevation ca. 800 m, 29.xi.1978, Mision Cientifica Danesa, genitalia slide nos. RA 392♂, RA 434♂ (ZMUC); 1 ♀, 39: Cerro Catedral, elevation ca. 1350–2050 m, 22.xi.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 506♀ (ZMUC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Monte Tronador, elevation ca. 1100–1500 m, 6.xii.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide nos. RA 405♂, RA 467♀ (ZMUC); 1 ♂, Neuquén, S. M. de los Andes, Cerro Chapelco, elevation ca. 1400–1600 m, 1.xii.1981, Leg. Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 410♂ (ZMUC); 1 ♂, Piedra Trampul, elevation ca. 1000 m, 15.x.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 431♂ (ZMUC); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, CHILE, Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca, elevation ca. 1100–1300 m, 14.xi.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide nos. RA 430♂, RA 446♂, RA 460♀ (ZMUC).  
 Other material examined (not type-series). 2 ♀, ARGENTINA, Río Negro, S. C. de Bariloche, Pampa del Toro, elevation ca. 1000 m, 21.xi.1978, Mision Cientifica Danesa, genitalia slide nos. RA 450♀, RA 458♀ (ZMUC); 3 ♂, 2 ♀, elevation ca. 900 m, 30.x.–23.xi.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide nos. RA 412♂, RA 441♂, RA 451♀, RA 462♀, RA 496♂ (ZMUC); 1 ♀, Cerro Otto, elevation ca. 930 m, 5.xii.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 453♀ (ZMUC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Cerro López, elevation ca. 1300 m, 13.x.–10.xi 1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide nos. RA 406♂, RA 449♀ (ZMUC); 1 ♀, Monte Tronador, elevation ca. 1100–1500 m, 6.xii.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 464♀ (ZMUC); 1 ♂, Neuquén, Paso Puyehue, elevation ca. 1300 m, 10.xii.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 432♂ (ZMUC); 1 ♂, 14 km NW Confluencia Arroyo Córdoba, 740 m, 18.x.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 395♂ (ZMUC); 1 ♂, CHILE, Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca, elevation ca. 1100–1300 m, 14.xi.1981, Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 391♂ (ZMUC) (see Remarks).   
 Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin truncatus (truncate) in reference to the distinctly short truncate lobes (processes) of the uncus.   
 Remarks. The specimens which exibit some variation of genitalia or external characters were excluded from the type-series.
description: Published as part of Stonis, Jonas R., Remeikis, Andrius & Davis, Donald R., 2014, Ten new species from the Patagonian Andes (Argentina and Chile), mostly belonging to a newly designated Stigmella purpurimaculae group (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), pp. 321-353 in Zootaxa 3887 (3) on pages 326-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3887.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4952109