cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Yoga and the Therapy of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Creators: name: Lange, Katharina M.
name: Makulska-Gertruda, Ewelina
name: Hauser, Joachim
name: Reissmann, Andreas
name: Kaunzinger, Ivo
name: Tucha, Lara
name: Tucha, Oliver
name: Lange, Klaus W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Therapy; Complementary and alternative medical therapies; Yoga
subject: 150 Psychologie

description: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the commonest psychiatric disorders in children. Stimulants are frequently used in the management of ADHD. Due to adverse effects of medication there is a growing interest in complementary treatments. Complementary and alternative medicine therapies including yoga are commonly used in children with ADHD, but little is known about the efficacy of these therapies. Yoga requires long periods of concentration and is therefore supposed to reduce attention deficits. The published investigations without a control group report positive effects of yoga on ADHD symptoms and school performance. However, these studies do not allow causal conclusions in regard to the effects of yoga in the treatment of ADHD. The findings from exploratory randomized controlled studies suggest that future research on the efficacy of yoga in ADHD may yield results of therapeutic value. At present the small number of available investigations renders impossible the drawing of any conclusions regarding the effectiveness of yoga for ADHD in children. Large, well-controlled, randomized trials are needed in order to establish the potential value of yoga as a single treatment or adjunct to standard ADHD therapies.
title: Vascular function in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Creators: name: Mazzarella, Marco Orazio
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: canine
subject: Endothelial dysfunction
subject: myxomatous mitral valve disease
subject: myography

description: Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the commonest heart disease in dogs. Vascular dysfunction contributes to human heart disease but has not been assessed in pet dogs by myography. We hypothesised that vascular dysfunction contributes to progression of MMVD and can be quantified with myography. Isomeric myography was performed on femoral, mesenteric, renal, and pulmonary arteries from pet dogs euthanised for welfare reasons. Testicular arteries were collected from dogs undergoing routine castration as a control group. Histopathology analysis was made for confirmation of arterial tissue. MMVD was graded 1-4 (Whitney classification). Arteries were stretched to an internal circumference (IC1) that generated maximal tension (mmHg) to high potassium concentrations (normalisation). The ratio of IC1:IC100mmHg (normalisation factor) was calculated for every artery. Vasoconstriction to phenylephrine, and vasodilation to acetylcholine (endothelial dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelial independent) were assessed by cumulative response curves. Concentrations of agents that gave 50% maximal response (EC50/IC50) were calculated. Response to high potassium physiological salt solution (KPSS) was calculated as variation in percentage between minimum and maximum response and results for tissue from the same dog but on different days were compared. Histopathology confirmed all the samples processed were arteries. Normalisation factors were determined for renal, femoral and mesenteric artery. Impaired endothelial dependent vasorelaxation was identified in all dogs with MMVD graded 3 and 4 and in some arteries of dogs with MMVD graded 1 and 2. Pulmonary and testicular arteries failed to show response on myograph. No significant difference was identified in KPSS response in the same dog over seven days. Isomeric myography is feasible in pet dogs and can be used to investigate vascular dysfunction. Impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation was identified more frequently in dogs with higher MMVD grade. Further investigation is required to establish the relationship between MMVD and vascular dysfunction.
Orbital magnetism of graphene nanostructures: Bulk and confinement effects
Creators: name: Heße, Lisa
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.22.Pr
subject: 73.20.At
subject: 03.65.Sq
subject: 75.20.−g

description: We consider the orbital magnetic properties of noninteracting charge carriers in graphene-based nanostructures in the low-energy regime. The magnetic response of such systems results both from bulk contributions and from confinement effects that can be particularly strong in ballistic quantum dots. First we provide a comprehensive study of the magnetic susceptibility χ of bulk graphene in a magnetic field for the different regimes arising from the relative magnitudes of the energy scales involved, i.e., temperature, Landau-level spacing, and chemical potential. We show that for finite temperature or chemical potential, χ is not divergent although the diamagnetic contribution χ0 from the filled valance band exhibits the well-known −B−1/2 dependence. We further derive oscillatory modulations of χ, corresponding to de Haas–van Alphen oscillations of conventional two-dimensional electron gases. These oscillations can be large in graphene, thereby compensating the diamagnetic contribution χ0 and yielding a net paramagnetic susceptibility for certain energy and magnetic field regimes. Second, we predict and analyze corresponding strong, confinement-induced susceptibility oscillations in graphene-based quantum dots with amplitudes distinctly exceeding the corresponding bulk susceptibility. Within a semiclassical approach we derive generic expressions for orbital magnetism of graphene quantum dots with regular classical dynamics. Graphene-specific features can be traced back to pseudospin interference along the underlying periodic orbits. We demonstrate the quality of the semiclassical approximation by comparison with quantum-mechanical results for two exemplary mesoscopic systems, a graphene disk with infinite mass-type edges, and a rectangular graphene structure with armchair and zigzag edges, using numerical tight-binding calculations in the latter case.
Family Support and Social Support in Pre-Operative Anxiety Status
Creators: name: MUSTAMU, ALVA CHERRY
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 420504
subject: Mental health nursing

description: Introduction: Anxiety is vital in determining the decision of appendectomy surgery. Anxiety may be reduced with support from family and society.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the relationship between family and social support on the anxiety of preoperative appendectomy patients.Methods: This study used an analytical descriptive quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach on 15 preoperative appendectomy patients in the operating room. Collecting data using a questionnaire from one month. Data analysis using spearman rank.Results: The results of this study indicate that family support has a significance value of 0.904 for anxiety, while social support has a significance value of 0.059.Conclusion: This study shows that family and social support do not affect the anxiety status of preoperative appendectomy patients. Therefore, future studies on the current topic are recommended but with a larger sample to prove the hypothesis.
Distributive Stochastic Learning for Delay-Optimal OFDMA Power and Subband Allocation
Creators: name: Cui, Ying
name: Lau, Vincent K. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the distributive queue-aware power and subband allocation design for a delay-optimal OFDMA uplink system with one base station, $K$ users and $N_F$ independent subbands. Each mobile has an uplink queue with heterogeneous packet arrivals and delay requirements. We model the problem as an infinite horizon average reward Markov Decision Problem (MDP) where the control actions are functions of the instantaneous Channel State Information (CSI) as well as the joint Queue State Information (QSI). To address the distributive requirement and the issue of exponential memory requirement and computational complexity, we approximate the subband allocation Q-factor by the sum of the per-user subband allocation Q-factor and derive a distributive online stochastic learning algorithm to estimate the per-user Q-factor and the Lagrange multipliers (LM) simultaneously and determine the control actions using an auction mechanism. We show that under the proposed auction mechanism, the distributive online learning converges almost surely (with probability 1). For illustration, we apply the proposed distributive stochastic learning framework to an application example with exponential packet size distribution. We show that the delay-optimal power control has the {\em multi-level water-filling} structure where the CSI determines the instantaneous power allocation and the QSI determines the water-level. The proposed algorithm has linear signaling overhead and computational complexity $\mathcal O(KN)$, which is desirable from an implementation perspective.
description: To appear in Transactions on Signal Processing
Natural phenolic metabolites with anti-angiogenic properties – a review from the chemical point of view
Creators: name: Sun, Qiu
name: Heilmann, Jörg
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: angiogenesis; natural phenolic compounds; structure–activity relationship; synthesis
subject: 540 Chemie
subject: 615 Pharmazie

description: Considering the many secondary natural metabolites available from plants, phenolic compounds play a particularly important role in human health as they occur in significant amounts in many fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. In this review natural phenolic compounds of plant origin with significant anti-angiogenic properties are discussed. Thirteen representatives from eight different natural or natural-like phenolic subclasses are presented with an emphasis on their synthesis and methods to modify the parent compounds. When available, the consequence of structural variation on the pharmacological activity of the molecules is described.
Military Control and Perceived Levels of Corruption: A Study of Thailand
Creators: name: Thepkanjana, Thananuch
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: This thesis aims to understand how military coups and control have affected the perceived levels of corruption within Thailand from 2011 to 2021. High levels of corruption in previous governments have been used as justification for military coups and control, yet no existing empirical evidence has demonstrated that there is a decrease in corruption after military intervention. By utilizing a concurrent mixed methods approach, this thesis reveals the effects of military intervention on perceived levels of corruption. Quantitative data from Transparency International and the World Bank, for the years 1997 to 2021, are employed in a series of multivariate regressions. In addition, this thesis collects and analyzes qualitative surveys from 300 Thai nationals including interviews with 17 of these individuals. The thesis finds that, on average, military coups and controls are correlated with increased perceived levels of corruption within the country. Further, there is a generational effect: younger generations are more likely to view the Prayut Regime after the election as most corrupt, while older generations tend to view the Yingluck Regime as most corrupt. Finally, I recommend that there should be stricter enforcement of laws regarding corruption as well as increased transparency in government expenditures.
Policy-Driven Management of Personal Health Information for Enhancing Interoperability
Creators: name: Blobel, Bernd
name: Ruotsalainen, P.
name: González, C.
name: López, D.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Based on a system-theoretical approach, aspects of real world systems have been introduced. In this context, the relations between a system's architecture, i.e. its components, their functions and relations, formally represented by domain-specific ontologies considering all domains relevant in the system's use case on the one hand and the system's behaviour ruled by the applied policies on the other hand have been described. A refinement of policies ruling a clinical setting has been exemplified. It could be shown that ubiquitous health systems must be designed and managed following a thoroughly systems-oriented, architecture-centric, ontology-based and policy-driven approach. The feasibility of the approach has been practically demonstrated.
Polarization-Engineering in III-V Nitride Heterostructures: New Opportunities For Device Design
Creators: name: Jena, Debdeep
name: Simon, John
name: Albert
name: Wang
name: Cao, Yu
name: Goodman, Kevin
name: Verma, Jai
name: Ganguly, Satyaki
name: Li, Guowang
name: Karda, Kamal
name: Protasenko, Vladimir
name: Lian, Chuanxin
name: Kosel, Thomas
name: Fay, Patrick
name: Xing, Huili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization in III-V nitride heterostructure devices is discussed. Problems as well as opportunities in incorporating polarization in abrupt and graded heterojunctions composed of binary, ternary, and quaternary nitrides are outlined.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Cultural values as reflected in advertising: a comparative study of Chinese and American advertisements
Creators: name: Li, Yajuan
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2004
Subjects: Advertising in China
Horizontal collectivism
Vertical individualism

description: This study explores the cultural values as reflected in Chinese and U.S Television commercials. Specifically, it content analyzed 805 Chinese television commercials and 1045 U.S. television commercials to see if the typology of individualism and collectivism framework developed by Triandis is reflected in them. Results indicated that the typology of individualism and collectivism was indeed reflected in the advertising from the two countries. Specifically, horizontal collectivism predominated in China while vertical individualism was prevalent in the U.S. The limitation of the current study was discussed and the suggestions for further research were presented.
Regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression Influences the Cell Viability In Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells
Creators: name: Fuchsdorfer, Rudolf
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Küspert, Sabrina Angela
name: Braunger, Barbara Maria
name: Junglas, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: CTGF ; glaucoma; trabecular meshwork; endothelin-1; angiotensin-II; IGF-1; oxidative stress; heat shock; αB-crystallin; cell viability
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) induces extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and contractility in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. Both processes are involved in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma. To date, little is known about regulation and function of CTGF expression in the trabecular meshwork (TM). Therefore, we analysed the effects of different aqueous humour proteins and stressors on CTGF expression in HTM cells. HTM cells from three different donors were treated with endothelin-1, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, angiotensin-II, H2O2 and heat shock and were analysed by immunohistochemistry, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Viability after H2O2 treatment was measured in CTGF silenced HTM-N cells and their controls. Latrunculin A reduced expression of CTGF by about 50% compared to untreated HTM cells, whereas endothelin-1, IGF-1, angiotensin-II, heat shock and oxidative stress led to a significant increase. Silencing of CTGF resulted in a delayed expression of αB-crystallin and in reduced cell viability in comparison to the controls after oxidative stress. Conversely, CTGF treatment led to a higher cell viability rate after H2O2 treatment. CTGF expression is induced by factors that have been linked to glaucoma. An increased level of CTGF appears to protect TM cells against damage induced by stress. The beneficial effect of CTGF for viability of TM cells is likely associated with the effects on increased ECM synthesis and higher contractility of the TM, thereby contributing to reduced aqueous humour outflow facility causing increased intraocular pressure.
Equity vs. Predation: Third-Party Enforcement of the Chicago Wheel Tax
Creators: name: Snowden, Jasper
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2021

description: In 2012 the City of Chicago sought to raise revenue by increasing compliance with the City’s Wheel Tax Program. City leaders believed the most equitable way to pursue this objective would be by slightly increasing the price of the tax, nearly doubling the penalty for noncompliance, and increasing strategic enforcement. Other studies have examined Chicago’s ticketing practices around the time and determined the City’s actions disproportionately impacted low-income and minority residents. Though these studies raise many concerns regarding the outcomes of ticketing practices, they are less conclusive on the originators themselves. This paper seeks to explore differences in enforcement between units that would constitute inequitable policy implementation at the street-level. I utilize a difference-in-difference approach to analyze the ticketing practices of a contracted third-party ticketing unit, Serco, relative to units under the authority of the County Clerk’s Office and the Department of Finance to determine if the 2012 change led to more aggressive enforcement of the Wheel Tax Program when controlling for common transportation equity indicators. I find that areas where City of Chicago units are the primary enforcer experienced a greater increase in penalties relative to Serco, which is consistent with the prevailing literature on transportation inequity in Chicago.
In vitro reconstitution of yeast tUTP/UTP A and UTP B subcomplexes provides new insights into their modular architecture.
Creators: name: Perez-Fernandez, Jorge
name: Pöll, Gisela
name: Li, Shuang
name: Ohmayer, Uli
name: Hierlmeier, Thomas
name: Milkereit, Philipp
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis is a multistep process involving more than 150 biogenesis factors, which interact transiently with pre-ribosomal particles to promote their maturation. Some of these auxiliary proteins have been isolated in complexes found separate from the ribosomal environment. Among them, are 3 large UTP subcomplexes containing 6 or 7 protein subunits which are involved in the early steps of ribosome biogenesis. The composition of the UTP subcomplexes and the network of binary interactions between protein subunits have been analyzed previously. To obtain further insights into the structural and biochemical properties of UTP subcomplexes, we established a heterologous expression system to allow reconstitution of the yeast tUTP/UTP A and UTP B subcomplexes from their candidate subunits. The results of a series of reconstitution experiments involving different combinations of protein subunits are in good agreement with most of the previously observed binary interactions. Moreover, in combination with additional biochemical analyses, several stable building blocks of the UTP subcomplexes were identified. Based on these findings, we present a refined model of the tUTP/UTP A and UTP B architecture.
Study of Interplanetary Magnetic Field with Ground State Alignment
Creators: name: Shangguan, Jinyi
name: Yan, Huirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a new way of studying interplanetary magnetic field -- Ground State Alignment (GSA). Instead of sending thousands of space probes, GSA allows magnetic mapping with any ground telescope facilities equipped with spectropolarimeter. The polarization of spectral lines that are pumped by the anisotropic radiation from the Sun is influenced by the magnetic realignment, which happens for magnetic field (<1G). As a result, the linear polarization becomes an excellent tracer of the embedded magnetic field. The method is illustrated by our synthetic observations of the Jupiter's Io and comet Halley. Polarization at each point was constructed according to the local magnetic field detected by spacecrafts. Both spatial and temporal variations of turbulent magnetic field can be traced with this technique as well. The influence of magnetic field on the polarization of scattered light is discussed in detail. For remote regions like the IBEX ribbons discovered at the boundary of interstellar medium, GSA provides a unique diagnostics of magnetic field.
description: 11 pages, 19 figures, published in Astrophysics and Space Science
Fluoride removal from zinc sulfate solution
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: During zinc electrowinning, fluoride is the primary cause of aluminum cathode corrosion and the onset of difficulty in stripping zinc from the aluminum blank. It is therefore of great interest to determine how to remove fluoride from zinc plant solutions to prevent cathode corrosion and difficult stripping. There has been recent work on the removal of fluoride from drinking water and ground water. Research on zinc sulfate electrolyte purification has focused on metallic impurity removal, for example Cu, Co,Ni, Cd, Ti while halide impurities have been briefly investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to investigate a reliable and economical process for fluoride removal from zinc sulfate electrolyte. In this work, aluminum pre-loaded Lewatit® MonoPlus TP 260 resin was introduced as the absorbent. This absorbent has a high fluoride-loading capacity through the formation of aluminum-fluoride complexes on the resin structure. Also, both aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate have been found to be effective sources of aluminum for pre-loading of the resin. The loaded aluminum along with co-loaded fluoride may be removed by sulfuric acid stripping. The resin can then be conditioned with sodium hydroxide prior to be re-loaded with aluminum. As for the results, when 10 ppm fluoride existed in the initial solution, the fluoride capacity of the aluminum pre-loaded resin was calculated as 7.4 g F/L resin. Additionally, the breakthrough point could achieve 1000 bed volumes. Therefore, the cycle of aluminum sulfate pre-loading, fluoride-loading, sulfuric acid stripping, sodium hydroxide regeneration was recommended for effective fluoride removal in the zinc sulfate system.
title: Interferon inducible protein, viperin, plays an antiviral role during rotavirus infection
title: The interferon inducible protein, viperin, plays an antiviral role during rotavirus infection
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Hoskins, Isabella
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Rotaviruse
subject: acute gastroenteritis
subject: lipid droplets
subject: type 1 interferon (IFN) genes
subject: Viperin

description: Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children and animals, leading to thousands of deaths annually. RVs form replication complexes termed “viroplasms”, which are cytoplasmic inclusions that serve as the site for viral genome replication and early virion morphogenesis. Viroplasm formation is dependent on recruitment of cellular lipid droplets (LDs). The interferon inducible cellular protein, viperin, is known to localize to both the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet and has been implicated in a wide array of proviral and antiviral interactions with viruses. This project sought to (i) establish whether viperin colocalizes with characteristic proteins of the viroplasm or LDs during a RV infection and (ii) determine whether changing the expression of viperin effects RV replication kinetics. While immunofluorescence work conducted here found no evidence of viperin localizing to viroplasms or LDs over the course of a RV infection, viperin overexpression was found to significantly impair RV replication kinetics. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the focus of this project shifted to another line of inquiry. A conserved amino acid sequence (the pLxIS motif) has recently been identified in innate immune pathway adaptor proteins. The pLxIS motif of adaptor proteins recruits and activates the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), an important upregulator of type 1 interferon (IFN) genes. This motif has also been identified in the C terminus of NSP1, the RV protein known to target IRF3 for degradation and thereby suppress an IFN response. Putative work suggests that the pLxIS motif is essential for NSP1-mediated IFN. This project further sought to (iii) determine when in evolutionary history did pLxIS motifs emerged in innate immune proteins and (iv) evaluate if pLxIS-impaired RVs have impaired replication kinetics or IFN suppression. Here, the evolutionary origins of the pLxIS motif were examined by analyzing taxonomically diverse sequences from proteins known to contain a pLxIS motif. pLxIS motifs were found to have emerged in mammals and a putative motif was identified in viperin which requires further characterization. pLxIS-impaired RVs were found not to have impaired viral replication. However, the cell line used in this study was found to contain a disrupted IFN pathway and further investigation of the importance of pLxIS motifs in RV infection is warranted.
Effects of crowding and attention on high-levels of motion processing and motion adaptation.
Creators: name: Pavan, Andrea
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie

description: The motion after-effect (MAE) persists in crowding conditions, i.e., when the adaptation direction cannot be reliably perceived. The MAE originating from complex moving patterns spreads into non-adapted sectors of a multi-sector adapting display (i.e., phantom MAE). In the present study we used global rotating patterns to measure the strength of the conventional and phantom MAEs in crowded and non-crowded conditions, and when attention was directed to the adapting stimulus and when it was diverted away from the adapting stimulus. The results show that: (i) the phantom MAE is weaker than the conventional MAE, for both non-crowded and crowded conditions, and when attention was focused on the adapting stimulus and when it was diverted from it, (ii) conventional and phantom MAEs in the crowded condition are weaker than in the non-crowded condition. Analysis conducted to assess the effect of crowding on high-level of motion adaptation suggests that crowding is likely to affect the awareness of the adapting stimulus rather than degrading its sensory representation, (iii) for high-level of motion processing the attentional manipulation does not affect the strength of either conventional or phantom MAEs, neither in the non-crowded nor in the crowded conditions. These results suggest that high-level MAEs do not depend on attention and that at high-level of motion adaptation the effects of crowding are not modulated by attention.
Three-point bounds for energy minimization
Creators: name: Cohn, Henry
name: Woo, Jeechul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 05B40, 52A40, 52C17, Secondary 90C22, 82B05

description: Three-point semidefinite programming bounds are one of the most powerful known tools for bounding the size of spherical codes. In this paper, we use them to prove lower bounds for the potential energy of particles interacting via a pair potential function. We show that our bounds are sharp for seven points in RP^2. Specifically, we prove that the seven lines connecting opposite vertices of a cube and of its dual octahedron are universally optimal. (In other words, among all configurations of seven lines through the origin, this one minimizes energy for all potential functions that are completely monotonic functions of squared chordal distance.) This configuration is the only known universal optimum that is not distance regular, and the last remaining universal optimum in RP^2. We also give a new derivation of semidefinite programming bounds and present several surprising conjectures about them.
description: 30 pages
Transposable element islands facilitate adaptation to novel environments in an invasive species
Creators: name: Oettler, Jan
name: Schrader, Lukas
name: Kim, Jay W.
name: Ence, Daniel
name: Zimin, Aleksey
name: Klein, Antonia
name: Wyschetzki, Katharina
name: Weichselgartner, Tobias
name: Kemena, Carsten
name: Stöckl, Johannes
name: Schultner, Eva
name: Wurm, Yannik
name: Smith, Christopher D.
name: Yandell, Mark
name: Heinze, Jürgen
name: Gadau, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Adaptation requires genetic variation, but founder populations are generally genetically depleted. Here we sequence two populations of an inbred ant that diverge in phenotype to determine how variability is generated. Cardiocondyla obscurior has the smallest of the sequenced ant genomes and its structure suggests a fundamental role of transposable elements (TEs) in adaptive evolution. Accumulations of TEs (TE islands) comprising 7.18% of the genome evolve faster than other regions with regard to single-nucleotide variants, gene/exon duplications and deletions and gene homology. A non-random distribution of gene families, larvae/adult specific gene expression and signs of differential methylation in TE islands indicate intragenomic differences in regulation, evolutionary rates and coalescent effective population size. Our study reveals a tripartite interplay between TEs, life history and adaptation in an invasive species.
Trust-Based Information System Architecture for Personal Wellness
Creators: name: Ruotsalainen, P.
name: Nykänen, P.
name: Seppälä, A.
name: Blobel, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Modern eHealth, ubiquitous health and personal wellness systems take place in an unsecure and ubiquitous information space where no predefined trust occurs. This paper presents novel information model and an architecture for trust based privacy management of personal health and wellness information in ubiquitous environment. The architecture enables a person to calculate a dynamic and context-aware trust value for each service provider, and using it to design personal privacy policies for trustworthy use of health and wellness services. For trust calculation a novel set of measurable context-aware and health information-sensitive attributes is developed. The architecture enables a person to manage his or her privacy in ubiquitous environment by formulating context-aware and service provider specific policies. Focus groups and information modelling was used for developing a wellness information model. System analysis method based on sequential steps that enable to combine results of analysis of privacy and trust concerns and the selection of trust and privacy services was used for development of the information system architecture. Its services (e.g. trust calculation, decision support, policy management and policy binding services) and developed attributes enable a person to define situation-aware policies that regulate the way his or her wellness and health information is processed.
Just the Type: Analysing Character Typology in Roman Comedy with RomDraCor
Creators: name: Beine, Julia Jennifer
name: Fischer, Frank
name: Illmer, Viktor J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: stylometry
stylometrics
stock character
character type
Roman comedy
Roman drama
Computational Literary Studies

description: Presentation slides from the talk “Just the Type: Analysing Character Typology in Roman Comedy with RomDraCor” given at the DH2024 on 9 August 2024.  

Short abstract

In this talk, we show how the features of RomDraCor facilitate differentiated digital analyses on character types in Roman comedy, focusing on stylometric approaches.
Lagrangian Descriptors: A Method for Revealing Phase Space Structures of General Time Dependent Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Mancho, Ana M.
name: Wiggins, Stephen
name: Curbelo, Jezabel
name: Mendoza, Carolina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we develop new techniques for revealing geometrical structures in phase space that are valid for aperiodically time dependent dynamical systems, which we refer to as Lagrangian descriptors. These quantities are based on the integration, for a finite time, along trajectories of an intrinsic bounded, positive geometrical and/or physical property of the trajectory itself. We discuss a general methodology for constructing Lagrangian descriptors, and we discuss a "heuristic argument" that explains why this method is successful for revealing geometrical structures in the phase space of a dynamical system. We support this argument by explicit calculations on a benchmark problem having a hyperbolic fixed point with stable and unstable manifolds that are known analytically. Several other benchmark examples are considered that allow us the assess the performance of Lagrangian descriptors in revealing invariant tori and regions of shear. Throughout the paper "side-by-side" comparisons of the performance of Lagrangian descriptors with both finite time Lyapunov exponents (FTLEs) and finite time averages of certain components of the vector field ("time averages") are carried out and discussed. In all cases Lagrangian descriptors are shown to be both more accurate and computationally efficient than these methods. We also perform computations for an explicitly three dimensional, aperiodically time-dependent vector field and an aperiodically time dependent vector field defined as a data set. Comparisons with FTLEs and time averages for these examples are also carried out, with similar conclusions as for the benchmark examples.
description: 52 pages, 25 figures
Magnetotransport in disordered two-dimensional topological insulators: signatures of charge puddles
Creators: name: Essert, Sven
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 2dtopologicalinsulators, HgTe/CdTequantumwells, magnetotransport, chargepuddles, spin–orbitcoupling, disorder
subject: 530 Physik

description: In this numerical study we investigate the influence and interplay of disorder, spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field on the edge-transport in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells in the framework of coherent elastic scattering. We show that the edge states remain unaffected by the combined effect of moderate disorder and a weak magnetic field at realistic spin-orbit coupling strengths. Agreement with the experimentally observed linear magnetic field dependence for the conductance of long samples is obtained when considering the existence of charge puddles.
Isolation and Desperation: How Stay-At-Home Orders and Mobility Restrictions Impacted Crime in the United States During the 2020 COVID-19 Crisis
Creators: name: Simon, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: The COVID-19 pandemic initiated once-in-a-lifetime increases in isolation. State-level policies, enacted with the goal of reducing COVID-19 prevalence, created unprecedented mobility restrictions which caused statistically and economically significant decreases in crime rates. A differences-indifferences analysis of all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia reveals isolation reduced the number of violent crimes committed, including homicide, the number of motor vehicle thefts, and the number of burglaries in the United States. The reduction of crimes observed as isolation increases has broad implications for stay-at-home policy decision making and post-pandemic law enforcement resource allocation.
Reporting on right-wing populism : evolving journalistic roles and practice in Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Wagner, Jan-Philipp N. E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Over the last five years, many European and North American democracies have experienced a significant resurgence of populist politics. Mostly situated on the right side of the political spectrum, these movements, parties, and politicians combine a strong appeal to the people and anti-establishment rhetoric with nationalist and even xenophobic sentiments. In addition, right-wing populist politicians commonly develop an ambiguous relationship with political journalists: they attempt to use newsmaker as mouthpieces for their political message and as amplifiers of their popularity; but they also accuse the news media of lying and being biased against them. Together with their controversial political agenda, this ambiguous communication strategy sets right-wing populists apart from other politicians and parties. What are the implications of such right-wing populist politics for the production of political news? Informed by discursive institutionalism, a conception of journalism is advanced that emphasizes the discursive field in which journalists, political elites, and audiences compete for discursive authority over the role of political journalism in today’s democracies. By gathering evidence by means of in-depth interviews conducted with political journalists from Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom, a better understanding of how the presence of right-wing populist politicians and parties challenges and potentially alters journalistic roles and practices is offered. Right-wing populism triggers a discursive reorientation of journalistic roles as normative and cognitive understandings of journalists’ roles diverge. Moreover, right-wing populism has a stronger impact on journalists’ self-understanding and daily work than other political ideologies or communication strategies. When reporting on right-wing populism, journalists furthermore take on a more active role than in other political contexts. At the same time, political journalists remain committed to objectivity in their news making. Experienced journalists are able to react to the right-wing populist challenge in a way that allows them to deliberate and reflect upon their professional work. However, journalists’ ability to perform their role in society is restricted by a “crisis of political journalism”. This state of crisis results from financial cuts in the media industry and becomes evident in the loss of public trust in political journalism.
Exponential convergence to equilibrium for kinetic Fokker-Planck equations
Creators: name: Calogero, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A class of linear kinetic Fokker-Planck equations with a non-trivial diffusion matrix and with periodic boundary conditions in the spatial variable is considered. After formulating the problem in a geometric setting, the question of the rate of convergence to equilibrium is studied within the formalism of differential calculus on Riemannian manifolds. Under explicit geometric assumptions on the velocity field, the energy function and the diffusion matrix, it is shown that global regular solutions converge in time to equilibrium with exponential rate. The result is proved by estimating the time derivative of a modified entropy functional, as recently proposed by Villani. For spatially homogeneous solutions the assumptions of the main theorem reduce to the curvature bound condition for the validity of logarithmic Sobolev inequalities discovered by Bakry and Emery. The result applies to the relativistic Fokker-Planck equation in the low temperature regime, for which exponential trend to equilibrium was previously unknown.
description: 35 pages, no figures
Exchange energy and impurity band effects in the I-V characteristics of (Ga,Mn) As/GaAs spin injectors
Creators: name: Pereyra, Pedro
name: Weiss, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 72.25.Hg, 71.70.Gm, 72.25.Mk, 85.75.−d

description: A different approach to calculate the I−V characteristics of p+(Ga,Mn)As/n+GaAs spin injectors is presented. The vanishing of the spin-extraction transmission coefficients at the spin-split valence-band edges leads us to predict a dip or plateau in the I−V characteristics of this kind of diodes. We show that this minimum, or the inflection point, shifts with the exchange energy. Within this approach and using Kane-like densities of states with a detached impurity band, and exchange energies reported in the literature, excellent agreement is found with observed low-bias features of I−V characteristics.
Spin-orbit qubit in a semiconductor nanowire
Creators: name: Nadj-Perge, S.
name: Frolov, S. M.
name: Bakkers, E. P. A. M.
name: Kouwenhoven, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motion of electrons can influence their spins through a fundamental effect called spin-orbit interaction. This interaction provides a way to electrically control spins and as such lies at the foundation of spintronics. Even at the level of single electrons, spin-orbit interaction has proven promising for coherent spin rotations. Here we report a spin-orbit quantum bit implemented in an InAs nanowire, where spin-orbit interaction is so strong that spin and motion can no longer be separated. In this regime we realize fast qubit rotations and universal single qubit control using only electric fields. We enhance coherence by dynamically decoupling the qubit from the environment. Our qubits are individually addressable: they are hosted in single-electron quantum dots, each of which has a different Landé g-factor. The demonstration of a nanowire qubit opens ways to harness the advantages of nanowires for use in quantum computing. Nanowires can serve as one-dimensional templates for scalable qubit registers. Unique to nanowires is the possibility to easily vary the material even during wire growth. Such flexibility can be used to design wires with suppressed decoherence and push semiconductor qubit fidelities towards error-correction levels. Furthermore, electrical dots can be integrated with optical dots in p-n junction nanowires. The coherence times achieved here are sufficient for the conversion of an electronic qubit into a photon, the flying qubit, for long-distance quantum communication.
Functionalization of Photochromic Dithienylmaleimides
Creators: name: Wutz, Daniel
name: Falenczyk, Carolin
name: Kuzmanovic, Natascha
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Photochromic dithienylmaleimides are well known molecular switches, but for applications the suitable functionalization of the photochromic scaffold is required. We report here synthetic routes to dithienylmaleimides, which are functionalized at three different positions: at each of the thiophene moieties and the maleimide nitrogen. A Perkin-type condensation of two thiophene precursors is used as the key step to assemble the maleimide core, which allows the synthesis of non-symmetrically substituted dithienylmaleimides, such as photochromic amino acids. A different approach to the maleimide core is provided by the reaction of a dithienylmaleic anhydride with amines or hydrazides leading to maleimide protected dithienylmaleimides and photochromic labeled natural amino acids. The photochromic properties of the new photoswitches were investigated showing reversible photochromism in polar organic solvents.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Perfect patients, perfect results? evaluating negative effect of trait perfectionism in psychotherapy
Creators: name: Deng, Xiaolei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Evidence has suggested that components of perfectionism are associated with poor treatment outcome in individual therapy for depression. (e.g., Blatt et al., 1995; Jacobs et al., 2009). However, most studies conceptualized and measured perfectionism as attitudes; few studies have examined the mechanism through which perfectionism contributed to poor treatment outcome, and no study examined potential gender differences in the perfectionism and treatment literature. Hewitt and Colleagues developed and extended the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model (PSDM; 2006, 2017) to the treatment context. According to the model, perfectionism can lead to both subjective and objective social disconnections, which can impede therapeutic alliance and therapy processes, resulting in poor treatment outcome. There is also evidence that quality of social relationships outside therapy can have an impact on therapy outcome (Miller et al., 1997). Hence, the purpose of this paper was to examine: (1) whether trait perfectionism, captured with a broad conceptualization and multidimensional measure, is associated with poor treatment outcome; (2) whether quality of extratherapeutic relationships mediate the association between perfectionism traits and poor treatment outcome; (3) whether men and women react to disruption in social relationships differently in leading to poor treatment outcome. The current study measured perfectionism traits, quality of life, depression, and anxiety among 263 community adults who participated in a 10-week group CBT treatment program for residual depressive symptoms. The study found that other oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism were associated with poor treatment outcome. The overall quality of social relationships and quality of friendship mediated the relationships between perfectionism traits and poor treatment outcome. Finally, perfectionistic men reacted to disruption in relative relationships more than perfectionistic women did in leading to poor treatment outcome. Together, the current findings support the notion that certain perfectionism traits can impede treatment by hindering social relationships outside of therapy. Implications of the present findings for understanding the link between perfectionism and treatment outcome are discussed.