Paraleia bolivari Oliveira & Amorim, 2012, sp. n.
Creators: name: Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira
name: Amorim, Dalton De Souza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Paraleia
Paraleia bolivari

description: Paraleia bolivari, sp. n.
(Figs. 2–4, 13–15)
Diagnosis. Three ocelli. Three dark brown maculae across the wing. Gonostyle round apically, with a row of short spines on distal half, and a long spine at apex. Female sternite 8 round apically, with a fringe of brown setae.
Material examined. Holotype 3, COLOMBIA, State of Cundinamarca, PNN Chingaza, Bosque Palacio, 04°31’N 73°54’W, 2,939 m, 17.i–04.ii.2001, M1258 (E. Niño Leg.) (IAvH). Paratypes: 1Ƥ, same data as holotype (IAvH); 1Ƥ, COLOMBIA, State of Cundinamarca, PNN Alto de la Bandera, 04°31’N 73°45’W, 3,660 m, 04– 16.ii.2001, M1261 (L. Cifuentes Leg.) (MZUSP).
Description. Male. Head (Fig. 2). Vertex brown, with scattered, whitish, longer bristles. Mid ocellus smaller, lateral ocelli close to but not touching eye margin. Frons light brown, covered with setulae, clypeus light yellow; labella yellow; maxillary palpus whitish yellow, five palpomeres, last palpomere almost twice length of penultimate, first two palpomeres short. Scape shorter than pedicel, both yellow, first flagellomere light brown on distal half, lighter on basal half, second and third flagellomeres brown, with basal fourth lighter, remaining flagellomeres brown. Thorax (Fig. 2). Pronotum yellowish-brown, with five strong yellow setae, dorsal three stronger, ventral two shorter. Scutum basically brown, dark yellow on anterior corners, above wings, and long dorso-centrals, covered with short scattered setae, stronger dorso-centrals and supra-alars. Scutellum yellow, with four scutellar bristles. Proepisternum light-brown, proepimeron slightly darker, bare. Meso and metapleura brown, entirely bare. Haltere whitish, setose. Fore leg with coxa whitish-yellow, trochanter brown, femur light yellow, except for a brown ventro-basal macula, tibia and tarsus light brown; mid and hind coxae light yellow, with a brown mesal macula, mid femur light yellow, darker ventrally, hind femur light yellow, brown at apical fifth, mid and hind tibiae and tarsi light brown, darker to apex. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, brown, spurs almost twice tibial diameter at apex. Some few dark apical setae on fore tibia, mid and hind tibiae with long, strong, black setae. Wing (Fig. 3). Length, 4.9 mm, width, 1.6 mm. Membrane without macrotrichia, light yellowish brown, darker brown bands at basal third, mid and apex of wing, darker at base of Rs; sc-r present, close to apex of Sc; C extending slightly beyond R5 apex, almost reaching wing tip; Sc complete, reaching C at wing basal third. R1 less than twice r-m length, reaching C at distal third of wing; Rs almost vertical; R5 reaching C close to the wing tip, almost straight; r-m almost longitudinal, about seven times length of base of Rs. M1+2 slightly shorter than r-m; M1 and M2 more than twice length of M1+2; CuA depressed midway to apex; A1 incomplete on distal third. M1, M2, M4, apical third of second sector of CuA and A1 distally with macrotrichia. Abdomen. Tergites 1–6 brown, tergites 2 and 3 lighter; sternites 1–6 whitish yellow mesally, brownish laterally; segment 7 brown, with numerous yellowish setulae. Terminalia yellowish. Terminalia (Fig. 13). Gonocoxite yellowish with brown margins, with extensions distally to the base of the gonostyle, rounded distally, with many short spines at ventral surface; gonostyle long, round distally, with a row of short spines, and a single, long spine at apex; aedeagus thin, long, bifid at distal half; parameres well developed, more sclerotized at apex, involving the aedeagus; cercus covered with setulae; tergite 9 weakly sclerotized, round apically.
Female. As males, except as follows. Wing (Fig. 4). Length, 4.4 mm, width, 1.5 mm. Brown maculae slightly lighter. Vertex lighter ventrally. Mid and hind coxae and femora darker. Abdominal tergites brown, with lateral margins lighter. Terminalia (Figs. 14–15). Terminalia yellowish-brown, distal margin of sternite 8 round, with a fringe of brown setae; cercus longer than rest of terminalia, basal cercomere longer than apical one.
Etymology. This species is named after Simon Bolivar (1783–1830), born in Venezuela and responsible for the independence of Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama.
Comments. One of the P. bolivari sp. n. females has the wing maculae lighter than the others, but the shape of sternite 8 is similar, so they are considered here as conspecific. The wing pattern in this species is quite similar to that of P. denticulata sp. n. and P. sharkeyi sp. n. regarding the disposition of the maculae on the wing membrane, but it is stronger and more conspicuous than in that from the other species, especially on the first section of Rs. The presence of a long gonostyle, with a row of short spines and a single long apical one (Fig. 13) also differentiate P. bolivari sp. n. from P. denticulata sp. n., where the gonostyle shows an irregular row of short spines, as well as a single subapical one (Fig. 18). In the female terminalia, the distal margin of the sternite 8 is very particular in each one of these species: round with a fringe of brown setae in P. b o l i v a r i sp. n. (Figs. 14, 15); wide with a distal incision, brown and long setae in P. denticulata sp. n. (Fig. 19); and with a deep lateral incision, quite strongly setose in P. sharkeyi sp. n. (Fig. 22).
description: Published as part of Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira & Amorim, Dalton De Souza, 2012, Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3186 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214679