cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Solar Mini-Dimming Kinematics and Their Positive Correlations with Coronal Mass Ejections and Prominence
Creators: name: Alipour, Nasibe
name: Safari, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar mini-dimmings can be detect in the Extreme Ultra-Violet coro- nal eruptions. Here, sequences of 171 A images taken by Solar Dynamic Observa- tory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembaly on 13 June 2010 are used. In this special day, both of coronal mass ejection and prominence were observed. The average velocities and accelerations of 500 mini-dimmings which were detected using on feature based classifier (Alipour et al 2012) are studied. The large number of mini-dimmings shows positive accelerations in the beginning times as similar as Coronal Mass Ejections. On the the start time of prominence eruptions, the number of mini-dimmings is increased to a maximum values. There is a positive correlation between the kinematics of mini- dimmings and both CME and prominences. This study can be extended to understand the exact relationship of CMEs and mini-dimmings.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Исследование учебника корейского языка профессора Дон-мин Хвана - пионера корееведения в России
Creators: name: Нурутдинова, Аида
Publisher: name: ИП Соколова М.В.
Year: 2022
Subjects: Moscow University of Oriental Studies
Dong-min Hwang
Department of Korean Language
first Korean language textbook
first Soviet historian
pioneer of Korean studies
Московский университет востоковедения
Дон-мин Хван
кафедра корейского языка
первый учебник корейского языка
первый советский историк
пионер корееведения

description: Russian Linguistic Bulletin, Выпуск 6 (34) 2022
Sentence Compression as Tree Transduction
Creators: name: Cohn, Trevor Anthony
name: Lapata, Mirella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a tree-to-tree transduction method for sentence compression. Our model is based on synchronous tree substitution grammar, a formalism that allows local distortion of the tree topology and can thus naturally capture structural mismatches. We describe an algorithm for decoding in this framework and show how the model can be trained discriminatively within a large margin framework. Experimental results on sentence compression bring significant improvements over a state-of-the-art model.
An Extremely Compensatible Cigarette by Design: Documentary Evidence on Industry Awareness and Reactions to the Barclay Filter Design Cheating the Tar Testing System
Creators: name: Kozlowski, L. T.
name: Dreschel, N. A.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Wilkenfeld, J
name: Weiss, E. B.
name: Goldberg, M. E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: BACKGROUND; The Barclay cigarette (Brown & Williamson) was introduced in 1980 in the USA in the most expensive launch in history. In the USA and around the world, Barclay was later determined to have a grooved filter design that was compromised by human smokers in the normal act of smoking, but that was measured as ultra-low tar using the standard tar testing protocol.
OBJECTIVES; To evaluate whether Brown & Williamson knew of the compensatability of Barclay during the design process and before it was released; to evaluate initial responses of competing tobacco companies to Barclay, before complaints were made to the Federal Trade Commission in 1981.METHODS; Internet databases of industry documents (Tobacco Documents Online, Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, Brown & Williamson Litigation discovery website, Guildford and major company websites) were searched using key words, key dates, and targeted searches. Documents related specifically to the development, evaluation and release of the Barclay cigarette and related to the responses by competing tobacco companies were examined.
RESULTS; Documents indicate the manufacturer was aware of Barclay design problems and was planning, before release, to respond to criticism. Competing companies quickly detected the filter groove stratagem and considered developing their own similar filter, but eventually backed off.
CONCLUSION; The design problems with Barclay were readily understood by cigarette manufacturers, including the maker of Barclay, before official governmental evaluations occurred. Testing involving measured exposures to human smokers may in the end be crucial to identifying problems with novel cigarette designs.
Hunting exotics: the search for long-lived particles decaying to non-prompt tau leptons in the ATLAS detector and its essential technical developments
Creators: name: Parrish, Victoria Alexis
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2023
Subjects: LLP
Standard Model
particle physics experimental
HEP
PPE
ATLAS
LHC
CERN

description: The search for long-lived particle (LLP)s decaying 11 to two non-prompt ᵀhad-vis objects in the A Toroidal LHC Apparatus (ATLAS) detector during Run 2 is presented. The search was performed at final state level, searching for events with two non-prompt ᵀhad-vis objects. The analysis of this displaced Standard Model (SM) search was performed with 139 fb⁻¹ of proton-proton collision data with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The Fake-Factor method was employed to estimate background contributions in defined signal regions. These results presented are the first of their kind to search for third generation displaced leptons as a means to probing beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics. Also presented in this work is the technical displaced ᵀhad-vis (dTau) trigger developments for an analogous analysis to be performed with Run 3 data. The triggers presented are a set of displaced single and di-ᵀhad-vis analysis triggers, designed to target dTau signatures using an recurrent neural network (RNN) that are otherwise lost by the standard ⌧had-vis triggers employed in Run 2. The dTau triggers run alongside the nominal ⌧had-vis trigger chains, and yield an increase of signal acceptance in high displacement regions between 30% to 80% over the nominal ᵀhad-vis triggers. These triggers will therefore provide increased event statistics in the Run 3 search for final-state dTau objects. An additional efficiency study is presented supporting the accuracy of accepting true ⌧had-vis in these new dTau triggers. This analysis is performed via the tag-and-probe method with the electron plus displaced-tau trigger chains in tt templates reconstructed with the nominal ᵀhad-vis identification (ID) in data with a collective luminosity of 3.077 E4 pb⁻¹ in Run 2.
Parametric Kalman filter : toward an alternative to the EnKF?
Creators: name: Pannekoucke, Olivier
name: Ricci, Sophie
name: Ménard, Richard
name: Bocquet, Marc
name: Thual, Olivier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: data assimilation, parametric Kalman filter, advection, Burgers' equation, model-error covariance

description: The ensemble Klaman filter (EnKF) has been designed as a practical implementation for the
 extended Kalman filter. In particular, EnKF is able to time propagate huge size covariance matrices
 thanks to the sampling of the initial distribution and its update during the analysis step. In this
 contribution we introduce and explore an alternative for the EnKF to implement the extended
 Kalman filter: the parametric Kalman filter (PKF). The basic idea is to approximate a covariance
 matrix by a parametric formulation (in place of the ensemble), then to design the evolution of these
 parameters along the tangent linear propagation and the analysis update. In the forecast step, the
 numerical cost of the PKF is equivalent to the cost of a single member of an EnKF. We present the
 formalism for the linear advection-diffusion equation with applications in chemical transport model,
 and then for the one-dimensional nonlinear advection-diffusion dynamics (Burgers equation). For
 these illustrations, the parametric model considered is the covariance model based on the diffusion
 equation, where the parametric Kalman filter describes the dynamics of the forecast error variance
 and of the local diffusion tensor.
The influence of Strong Magnetic Field in Hyperonic Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Lopes, Luiz L.
name: Menezes, Debora P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physics of neutron stars leads historically towards Landau's speculation. Even before the discovery of the neutron, he postulated the possible existence of stars more compact than white dwarfs, containing matter of the order of nuclear density. From a modern point of view neutron stars are compact objects maintained by the equilibrium between gravity and the degeneracy pressure of the fermions together with a strong nuclear repulsion force due to the high density reached in their interior. While the physics in the vicinity of nuclear saturation density is well know from phenomenology, the physics of ultra-dense nuclear matter is still an open puzzle. In this work we study dense nuclear matter within a relativistic model, allowing hyperons to be present through beta equilibrium. The presence of hyperons is justifiable since the constituents of neutron stars are fermions. So, according to the Pauli principle, as the baryon density increases, so do the Fermi momentum and the Fermi energy. On the other hand, this hyperonic matter softens the equation of state (EoS) and a recent measurement of pulsar PSR J1614-2230 implies that the EoS has to be stiff enough to produce a 2.0 $M_{\odot}$ pulsar. We also consider Duncan's magnetar ideas and study the influence of strong magnetic fields on the EoS. We see that a strong magnetic field produces very massive neutron stars, in agreement with the astronomical observations.
description: Contribution for the Conference Proceedings of the Compact Stars in the QCD Phase Diagram III (CSQCD III) conference, December 12-15, 2012, Guaruj\'a, Brazil. http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/~foton/CSQCD3
The "Over-Exposed" Control Group
Creators: name: Wynder, Ernst L.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Epidemiology
Oncology
Public health

description: Relative risk is determined as much by the level of exposure among controls as among cases. If cases and controls are drawn from a population in which the range of exposures is narrow, then a study may yield little information about potential health effects. This may be one reason why an association between dietary fat and cancer has not been consistently observed in Western populations. Since the fat intake as a percent of total calories in the US general population varies little, only very large relative risks can be detected in epidemiologic studies. Investigators of the dietary fat hypothesis need to select study groups from populations where the risk factor is not, essentially, narrowly distributed.
The Number Theoretic Hilbert Transform
Creators: name: Kak, Subhash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a general expression for a number-theoretic Hilbert transform (NHT). The transformations preserve the circulant nature of the discrete Hilbert transform (DHT) matrix together with alternating values in each row being zero and non-zero. Specific examples for 4-point, 6-point, and 8-point NHT are provided. The NHT transformation can be used as a primitive to create cryptographically useful scrambling transformations.
description: 11 pages
Radiative Recombination and Carrier Injection Efficiencies in 265 nm Deep Ultraviolet Light‐Emitting Diodes Grown on AlN/Sapphire Templates with Different Defect Densities
Creators: name: Muhin, Anton
name: Guttmann, Martin
name: Montag, Verena
name: Susilo, Norman
name: Ziffer, Eviathar
name: Sulmoni, Luca
name: Hagedorn, Sylvia
name: Lobo-Ploch, Neysha
name: Rass, Jens
name: Cancellara, Leonardo
name: Wu, Shaojun
name: Wernicke, Tim
name: Kneissl, Michael
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: carrier injection efficiency
subject: epitaxial lateral overgrowths
subject: high-temperature annealing
subject: misfit dislocation
subject: radiative recombination efficiency
subject: threading dislocation density
subject: UVC

description: The electro-optical characteristics of deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) emitting at 265 nm and grown on AlN/sapphire templates with different threading dislocation densities, i.e., high-temperature annealed (HTA) AlN, epitaxially laterally overgrown (ELO) AlN, and HTA-ELO AlN are analyzed. The external quantum efficiency of each individual device is separated into maximum radiative recombination efficiency, carrier injection efficiency, and light extraction efficiency. This is achieved by combining an ABC-model-based fit of the current-dependent external quantum efficiency together with calibrated Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations. A maximum radiative recombination efficiency between 50% and 60% is estimated for DUV LEDs grown on ELO and HTA-ELO AlN/sapphire, whereas the values for devices grown on HTA AlN/sapphire are around 45%. The extracted radiative recombination efficiency does not scale with the measured threading dislocation density (TDD), even when accounting for the inhomogeneous TDD in the AlN base layers. This discrepancy is attributed to the formation of dislocation half-loops introduced by additional compressive strain caused by the HTA process and may result in the formation of additional nonradiative recombination centers in the AlGaN multi-quantum well region. In addition, the carrier injection efficiency values ranging from 45% to 55% are determined for devices grown on all three templates.
Spatial modelling of shallow landslide susceptibility: a study from the southern Western Ghats region of Kerala, India.
Creators: name: Achu, A. L.
name: Aju, C. D.
name: Reghunath, Rajesh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The study was undertaken to produce the landslide susceptibility maps by using Dempster–Shafer, Bayesian probability and logistic regression methods for the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. A landslide inventory database of 82 landslides is prepared and used for landslide susceptibility modelling. Twelve landslide conditioning factors including lithology, geomorphological features, slope angle, soil texture, distance from stream, distance from road, distance from lineaments, land use/land cover, slope curvature, rainfall, topographic wetness index and relative relief are extracted from the spatial database and used for modelling. Multi-collinearity among the independent variables were tested and landslide susceptibility maps are constructed. The constructed models were validated with sensitivity, specificity, classification accuracy, ROC-AUC, root mean square error (RMSE) and kappa index. The Bayesian probability model obtained highest ROC-AUC (0.833), sensitivity (0.870), specificity (0.800) and kappa index (0.667) with least RMSE (0.4550) in validation phase. In addition, the study reveals that the agricultural areas have 10°–40° slopes falling on the denudational structural hills are extremely susceptible to landslide occurrence with extended influence from distance from roads, distance from streams and soil texture. The predicted model is trustworthy for future land use planning in the southern Western Ghats to mitigate the risk from landslide hazard.
title: System development for the configuration of learning factories
Creators: name: Kreß, Antonio
name: Metternich, Joachim
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: Learning factories represent realistic learning environments for academia and industry in order to develop competencies. The design of learning factories can be facilitated by a configuration system. The configuration of a learning factory describes the selection of factory elements and products. Mathematically this selection can be described by an optimization problem based on a utility function and restrictions. Optimization algorithms facilitate the planning process by selecting the feasible combination of factory elements with the highest utility. This paper describes the methodology to develop a configuration system for learning factories. Customer needs for the configuration system were identified by an explorative stakeholder study: Learning factory developers, operators, and trainers were interviewed with open and partially open questions. These customer needs were then evaluated regarding their importance. The relationship between customer needs and functional requirements is described in a House of quality. To determine the system design systematically, the decomposition principle and the zig-zag process of the Axiomatic Design were applied. Axiomatic Design is a method to design engineering systems including complex systems and software. Consequently, the functional requirements were transformed into design parameters. Design parameters characterize the design of the configuration system.
Cross-lingual Annotation Projection for Semantic Roles
Creators: name: Pado, Sebastian
name: Lapata, Mirella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article considers the task of automatically inducing role-semantic annotations in the FrameNet paradigm for new languages. We propose a general framework that is based on annotation projection, phrased as a graph optimization problem. It is relatively inexpensive and has the potential to reduce the human effort involved in creating role-semantic resources. Within this framework, we present projection models that exploit lexical and syntactic information. We provide an experimental evaluation on an English-German parallel corpus which demonstrates the feasibility of inducing high-precision German semantic role annotation both for manually and automatically annotated English data.
Tobacco Usage in France: An Epidemiological Study
Creators: name: Wynder, Ernst L.
name: Mushinski, Margaret H.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Choay, Patrick
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1981
Subjects: Public health
Oncology
Epidemiology

description: A survey of tobacco and alcohol consumption was conducted among 3,453 noninstitutionalized men and women in 65 départements in France. Over four-fifths of the men and half of the women surveyed had smoked cigarettes. Men were far more likely than women to have stopped smoking, especially older men in higher social classes. Fifty-five percent of the men smoked cigarettes made with black tobacco (Gauloises, Gitanes), while women preferred blond tobacco products. Younger smokers of both sexes preferred filtered cigarettes, while older respondents smoked nonfiltered ones. Filter usage among men, but not women, increased with education. Inhalation was more prevalent among men than women, among the young than the old, and among the more educated than the less educated. “Drooping” or carrying a lighted cigarettes in the mouth without inhaling, was a practice more common in older, less educated male smokers. These data also provide some evidence in support of the hypothesis that black tobacco, with its higher pH, provides unprotonated nicotine which is easily absorbed by oral mucosa, thus making deep inhalation of the smoke less important to the smoker. The observed differences between the smoking practices of the French and those in the United States and United Kingdom along with the relatively higher alcohol consumption noted throughout France, may partially explain the lower rates of lung cancer and higher rates of larynx, esophagus, and oral cavity cancer found in French men.
Elliptical instability in hot Jupiter systems
Creators: name: Cébron, David
name: Bars, Michael Le
name: Gal, Patrice Le
name: Moutou, Claire
name: Leconte, J.
name: Sauret, Alban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several studies have already considered the influence of tides on the evolution of systems composed of a star and a close-in companion to tentatively explain different observations such as the spin-up of some stars with hot Jupiters, the radius anomaly of short orbital period planets and the synchronization or quasi-synchronization of the stellar spin in some extreme cases. However, the nature of the mechanism responsible for the tidal dissipation in such systems remains uncertain. In this paper, we claim that the so-called elliptical instability may play a major role in these systems, explaining some systematic features present in the observations. This hydrodynamic instability, arising in rotating flows with elliptical streamlines, is suspected to be present in both planet and star of such systems, which are elliptically deformed by tides. The presence and the influence of the elliptical instability in gaseous bodies, such as stars or hot Jupiters, are most of the time neglected. In this paper, using numerical simulations and theoretical arguments, we consider several features associated to the elliptical instability in hot-Jupiter systems. In particular, the use of ad hoc boundary conditions makes it possible to estimate the amplitude of the elliptical instability in gaseous bodies. We also consider the influence of compressibility on the elliptical instability, and compare the results to the incompressible case. We demonstrate the ability for the elliptical instability to grow in the presence of differential rotation, with a possible synchronized latitude, provided that the tidal deformation and/or the rotation rate of the fluid are large enough. Moreover, the amplitude of the instability for a centrally-condensed mass of fluid is of the same order of magnitude as for an incompressible fluid for a given distance to the threshold of the instability. Finally, we show that the assumption of the elliptical instability being the main tidal dissipation process in eccentric inflated hot Jupiters and misaligned stars is consistent with current data.
description: Icarus (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.12.017
Medievalism and Exoticism in the Music of Dead Can Dance
Creators: name: Yri, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Music

description: In 1991, the alternative rock band Dead Can Dance released an album that caught the attention of music reviewers by constructing an aural allegiance to the Middle Ages. Suitably called A Passage in Time, the album was described as imitating medieval chant, troubadour music, Latin hymns and courtly songs and included Dead Can Dance's hybrid medieval songs as well as performances of actual medieval repertoire. In modeling their songs and sounds after historical recordings of medieval music, Dead Can Dance also adopted some of the ideological parameters of these performances and historical reconstructions. Examining the output of Dead Can Dance against these performance practices reveals similar preoccupations with the Middle Ages as simultaneously "naive," "pure," and "uncorrupted" by modern conventions, or "distant," 'exotic," and strangely unfamiliar or "archaic".
title: Wir Franz Joseph der Erste, von Gottes Gnaden Kaiser von Oesterreich, König von Hungarn und Böhmen, ... Durch die Thronsentsagung Unseres erhabenen Oheims, kraft der pragmatischen Sanction berufen, die Kronen Unseres Reiches auf Unser Haupt zu setzen: verkündigen Wir feierlichst hiemit allen Völkern der Monarchie Unsere Thronbesteigung unter dem Namen Franz Joseph des Ersten. ...; [1848]
title: So gegeben in Unserer königlichen Hauptstadt Olmütz, den zweiten December im Jahre des Heils Eintausend Achthundert und Acht und Vierzig
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Franz Joseph, I., Österreich, Kaiser I., Österreich, Kaiser
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel
Proportions of Cancer Deaths Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in Women
Creators: name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Garfinkel, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Oncology
Public health
Medical sciences

description: Over two-thirds of a million American women mostly over age 45 were enrolled in a prospective mortality study in 1982 and followed up for four years. In this time period 1,527 women died of six smoking-related cancer sites: oral cavity, esophagus, pancreas, larynx, lung, and bladder. Age-adjusted death rates in nonsmokers were used to obtain smoking-attributable risks and numbers of deaths due to these six cancers. Among current smokers, 601 deaths (85.5% of current smokers' deaths) were attributable to cigarette smoking, and among former smokers 284 (69.3% of ex-smokers' deaths) were attributable to smoking. Cigarette smoking accounted for 885 excess deaths at these sites, giving a population-attributable risk of 57.9%. Over three-quarters of these excess deaths were due to lung cancer. Cigarette smoking, despite increases in smoking cessation, is still responsible for well over half of the deaths from these six types of cancer in women.
title: Keeping the shoot above water : submergence triggers antithetical growth responses in stems and petioles of watercress (Nasturtium officinale )
Creators: name: Müller, Jana T.
name: van Veen, Hans
name: Bartylla, Malte M.
name: Akman, Melis
name: Pedersen, Ole
name: Sun, Pulu
name: Schuurink, Robert C.
name: Takeuchi, Jun
name: Todoroki, Yasushi
name: Weig, Alfons
name: Sasidharan, Rashmi
name: Mustroph, Angelika
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: abscisic acid
subject: antithetical growth
subject: elongation
subject: ethylene
subject: hypoxia
subject: gibberellic acid
subject: submergence
subject: watercress
subject: 500
subject: 570

description: The molecular mechanisms controlling underwater elongation are based extensively on studies on internode elongation in the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) and petiole elongation in Rumex rosette species. Here we characterize underwater growth in the dicot Nasturtium officinale (watercress), a wild species of the Brassicaceae family, in which submergence enhances stem elongation and suppresses petiole growth. We used a genome‐wide transcriptome analysis to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed antithetical growth responses. While submergence caused a substantial reconfiguration of the petiole and stem transcriptome, only little qualitative differences were observed between both tissues. A core submergence response included hormonal regulation and metabolic readjustment for energy conservation, while tissue‐specific responses were associated with defense, photosynthesis, and cell wall polysaccharides. Transcriptomic and physiological characterization suggested that the established ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) growth regulatory module for underwater elongation could not fully explain underwater growth in watercress. Petiole growth suppression is likely attributed to a cell cycle arrest. Underwater stem elongation is driven by an early decline in ABA and is not primarily mediated by ethylene or GA. An enhanced stem elongation observed in the night period was not linked to hypoxia and suggests an involvement of circadian regulation.
MPEC 2023-P44 : 2023 PJ
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 PJ

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Violence Against Women during the War: A Look into Multifaceted Reality
Creators: name: Rassuli, Hasina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 440509
subject: Women's studies (incl. girls' studies)

description: This article delves into the multifaceted reality of violence against women, exploring its harrowing continuum across various dimensions. From trafficking, sexual slavery, and domestic violence within homes to the complex challenges faced by women forced to flee, the narrative underscores the urgent need to end impunity and dismantle structures perpetuating such atrocities. The impact of violence extends to the offspring of rape and exploitation, perpetuating a cycle of trauma. The plight of internally displaced women introduces unique challenges, demanding a comprehensive approach for safety, well-being, and empowerment within camps and urban displacement. Armed conflict casts a profound shadow on women's health, affecting well-being through various facets, from challenges posed by infectious diseases to reproductive health issues. The intersection of HIV/AIDS and conflict reveals a dire connection, emphasizing the need for initiatives to protect women and halt the epidemic. In the aftermath of conflict, the role of women in peace operations takes center stage, necessitating the integration of a gender perspective for sustainable and inclusive peace-building. The article sheds light on the undeniable suffering of women in conflict zones across various regions, highlighting their roles as refugees, combatants, heads of households, and advocates for peace. The contention that conflict exacerbates gender disparities, thrusting women into compromised roles, is explored across conflict zones. Displaced women, often heading households, navigate a precarious existence in the absence of economic security and societal acceptance. The narrative challenges prevailing paradigms, calling for a holistic approach addressing root causes, emphasizing a shift from militarization to human-centric security solutions. The cyclical nature of conflict is underscored, linking violence to the accessibility of weapons over basic necessities. The article advocates for a broader understanding of security, challenging the prevailing paradigm and urging a human-centric approach to bring about lasting change.
title: Agile Implementation of Virtual Reality in Learning Factories
Creators: name: Riemann, Thomas
name: Kreß, Antonio
name: Roth, Lisa
name: Klipfel, Sven
name: Metternich, Joachim
name: Grell, Petra
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: The concept of learning factories fulfills current learning theoretical requirements in terms of the situation, process orientation, as well as authenticity. Nevertheless, due to the high complexity of the industrial production environment, it is challenging to transfer learned skills into the operational application situation. With Virtual Reality, training participants have the ability to learn with transfer-oriented action tasks in virtual space directly after the training in physical learning environments. The learning process can be personalized and adapted in the virtual learning environment. Each participant in the training can individually determine elements of the learning situation. For example, the entire learning environment can be adapted to the individual real production environment of the training participant. Through Virtual Reality, new forms of reflection are possible, e.g. recording the learning process. Technical, didactic and organizational requirements were identified by a systematic literature analysis. The research project is based on training courses in the process learning factory “Center for industrial Productivity” (CiP) located at TU Darmstadt. In order to assess and prioritize the requirements, expert surveys were conducted. The surveys are based on the Kano model in order to classify requirements. Must-be quality requirements are implemented in a minimum viable product (MVP). The MVP allows fast learning by testing and experimenting. Based on the agile manifesto, further requirements can be implemented agilely in the virtual environment.
Patterns of Artificial Sweetener Use and Weight Change in an American Cancer Society Prospective Study
Creators: name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Garfinkel, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Oncology
Public health

description: Extreme obesity and leanness are risk factors for many types of cancer. An earlier American Cancer Society study (1959-1972) found a nearly twofold increased risk for death from all causes in men and women who weighed 40% or more above average for their age and height, and found elevated cancer rates as well. A new (1982), ongoing ACS prospective study of 1.2 million men and women continues to find increased death rates from all causes and from cancer in the very heavy and the very lean. Artificial sweetener (AS) use is an important correlate of relative weight in this population. The relationship between weight change during the year preceding enrollment and AS usage was studied in a highly homogeneous subgroup of 78694 women ages 50-69 years. The percentage of users increased with body mass index (BMI) and was inversely related to age. Users were significantly more likely than non-users to gain weight, regardless of initial BMI. Among those who gained weight, the average number of lbs gained by AS users was higher (by 0.5-1.5 lb) than the amount gained by non-users. Within the entire cohort, AS users of both sexes ate chicken, fish and vegetables significantly more often than did non-users and consumed beef, butter, white bread, potatoes, ice cream and chocolate significantly less often, suggesting that our weight change results are not explicable by differences in food consumption patterns.
Multilingual Part-of-Speech Tagging: Two Unsupervised Approaches
Creators: name: Naseem, Tahira
name: Snyder, Benjamin
name: Eisenstein, Jacob
name: Barzilay, Regina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We demonstrate the effectiveness of multilingual learning for unsupervised part-of-speech tagging. The central assumption of our work is that by combining cues from multiple languages, the structure of each becomes more apparent. We consider two ways of applying this intuition to the problem of unsupervised part-of-speech tagging: a model that directly merges tag structures for a pair of languages into a single sequence and a second model which instead incorporates multilingual context using latent variables. Both approaches are formulated as hierarchical Bayesian models, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques for inference. Our results demonstrate that by incorporating multilingual evidence we can achieve impressive performance gains across a range of scenarios. We also found that performance improves steadily as the number of available languages increases.
АУДИРОВАНИЕ КАК ВАЖНЕЙШИЙ АСПЕКТ ИНОЯЗЫЧНОЙ РЕЧИ
Creators: name: Замилов, Фарход
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В коммуникации важное место отводится восприятию информации на слух, то есть аудированию. Умение воспринимать и понимать иностранную речь на слух – один самых важных навыков в овладении иностранным языком.
MPEC 2023-P45 : 2023 PK
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 PK

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
An analytic distribution function for a massless cored stellar system in a cuspy dark matter halo
Creators: name: Breddels, Maarten A.
name: Helmi, Amina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the existence of distribution functions that can be used to represent spherical massless cored stellar systems embedded in cuspy dark matter halos with constant mildly tangential velocity anisotropy. In particular, we derive analytically the functional form of the distribution function for a Plummer stellar sphere in a Hernquist dark halo, for β_0 = -0.5 and for different degrees of embedding. This particular example satisfies the condition that the central logarithmic slope of the light profile γ_0 > 2 β_0. Our models have velocity dispersion profiles similar to those observed in nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Hence they can be used to generate initial conditions for a variety of problems, including N-body simulations that may represent dwarf galaxies in the Local Group.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to A&A (letter)
Ubiquitous Computing in Precision Agriculture: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Gilson Augusto Helfer
name: Barbosa, Jorge Luís Victoria
name: Martini, Bruno Guilherme
name: Santos, Ronaldo Bastos Dos
name: Adilson Ben Da Costa
name: Gilson Augusto Helfer
name: Barbosa, Jorge Luís Victoria
name: Martini, Bruno Guilherme
name: Santos, Ronaldo Bastos Dos
name: Adilson Ben Da Costa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Systematic review,
subject: ubiquitous,
subject: computing,
subject: precision agriculture.

description: The applications of ubiquitous computing have increased in recent years, especially due to the development of technologies such as mobile computing and its integration with the real world. One of the challenges in this area is the use of context sensitivity. In agriculture, this can be considered as the context related to the environment, such as the chemical and physical aspects that characterize the different soil types. This scenario periodically changes due to factors such as climate, type of cultivar and soil management technique used, among other aspects. This article presents a systematic review on the research works that explore ubiquitous computing in precision agriculture, including which technologies are being currently applied and which gap scan still be researched. Nine scientific repositories were explored to find articles about precision agriculture and ubiquitous computing. As a result of this search and filtering process, 32 works were reviewed, analyzed and categorized between the years of 2009 and 2019. In general, the reviewed articles concentrate on problems arising from the communication between sensors and the management of context-sensitive data.
Smoking and Pancreatic Cancer in Men and Women
Creators: name: Muscat, Joshua E.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Hoffmann, Dietrich
name: Wynder, Ernst L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Oncology
Medical sciences
Public health
Epidemiology

description: Most studies of smoking and pancreatic cancer have used male subjects or combined men and women together in statistical analyses. There is little information on the relative risk of smoking and pancreatic cancer in women. Because of the high case-fatality rate, many of these studies were also based on information gathered from proxy respondents, in which smoking habits may not be recalled with certainty. A hospital-based study of 484 male and female patients with pancreatic cancer and 954 control subjects was conducted based on direct interviews of incident cases. Compared to never smokers, the odds ratio (OR) for current cigarette smokers was 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-2.4] for men and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4-3.5) for women. In women, but not in men, there was a trend in the ORs with years of daily cigarette consumption (P < 0.01). Filter cigarettes offered no protective advantage compared to nonfilter cigarettes. Among men, the OR was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-3.8) for pipe/ cigar smokers and 3.6 (95% CI, 1.0-12.8) for tobacco chewers. Tobacco smoke causes pancreatic cancer when inhaled into the lungs. Tobacco juice may also cause pancreatic cancer when ingested or absorbed through the oral cavity. These data suggest that smoking is a cause of pancreatic cancer in women and that the risks for female smokers are comparable to male smokers. Nevertheless, the causes of most pancreatic cancers are unknown.
title: Audit - and then what? A roadmap for digitization of learning factories
Creators: name: Ullrich, André
name: Enke, Judith
name: Teichmann, Malte
name: Kreß, Antonio
name: Gronau, Norbert
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2019

description: Current trends such as digital transformation, Internet of Things, or Industry 4.0 are challenging the majority of learning factories. Regardless of whether a conventional learning factory, a model factory, or a digital learning factory, traditional approaches such as the monotonous execution of specific instructions don‘t suffice the learner’s needs, market requirements as well as especially current technological developments. Contemporary teaching environments need a clear strategy, a road to follow for being able to successfully cope with the changes and develop towards digitized learning factories. This demand driven necessity of transformation leads to another obstacle: Assessing the status quo and developing and implementing adequate action plans. Within this paper, details of a maturity-based audit of the hybrid learning factory in the Research and Application Centre Industry 4.0 and a thereof derived roadmap for the digitization of a learning factory are presented.
Chronicle (Paterson, NJ) Vol. 29, No. 52, Dec. 29, 1957
Creators: name: Parrillo, Vincent S.
name: Patty, Pat
name: Ojay
name: Richardsen, Joe
Publisher: name: The Chronicle Company
Year: 1957

description: Local information pertaining to Paterson, N.J. and surrounding Passaic County. Issues may include events, government, business, political cartoons, engagement and marriage announcements, and birth announcements. This publication was also known as the Paterson Chronicle (1952) and the Paterson Sunday Chronicle (1951-1952).
ACCESSIBILITY IN SPORTS COMPLEX DESIGN: EXAMINING THE INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THREE NIGERIAN FACILITIES
Creators: name: Chukwudi, Emmanuel Okafor
name: Amaka, Grace Nwosu
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Sports, Physically Challenged, People with Disabilities, Rehabilitation, Design Considerations

description: The research studied the inclusion of people with disabilities (PWDs) in the design considerations of sports complexes in Nigeria. The research adopted a qualitative design, and an interpretivist philosophy guided the study. A structured literature review was deployed to gather information on technical considerations for the inclusive design of sports complexes. The study finds that the seven technical considerations for PWDs in the design of sports complexes were partially included in the complexes studied, with the worst-case scenario being the Steven Keshi Stadium Complex in Asaba. The study recommends 7 technical guidelines of accessibility, horizontal circulation, internal doors, vertical circulation, visual contrast, internal floor finishes & court markings, and acoustics; for the inclusive design of sports complexes
The dependence of the galaxy mass-metallicity relation on environment and the implied metallicity of the IGM
Creators: name: Peng, Yingjie
name: Maiolino, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the dependence of the galaxy mass-metallicity relation on environment in SDSS, in terms of both over-density and central/satellite dichotomy. We find that at a given stellar mass, there is a strong dependence of metallicity on over-density for star-forming satellites. Instead, for star-forming centrals no correlation is found. Star-forming satellites at different stellar masses form a tight sequence in the average overdensity - metallicity plane, which covers the entire observed range of metallicities and stellar masses. This remarkable result appears to imply that there exists a universal evolutionary path for all star-forming satellites, regardless of their stellar masses. The strong correlation between over-density and metallicity for star-forming satellites indicates that the gas inflow of satellite galaxies is progressively metal-enriched in denser regions. We interpret our results by employing the gas regulator model and find that the metallicity of the enriched inflow of star-forming satellite galaxies strongly increases with increasing over-density, largely independently of stellar mass. If the metallicity of the inflow of star-forming satellites can represent the metallicity of the IGM, then the implied metallicity of the IGM rises from ~ 0.01 solar metallicity in void-like environments to ~ 0.3 solar metallicity in cluster-like environments, in broad agreement with observations. We show that the observed metallicity difference between star-forming centrals and star-forming satellites becoming smaller towards high stellar masses can be simply explained by the mass-independent enriched inflow, without the need to involve any mass-dependent environmental effect on metallicity. Since satellite galaxies account for at least half of the galaxy population, our findings prompt for a revision of many galaxy evolutionary models, which generally assume pristine gas inflows.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Constellation Optimization in the Presence of Strong Phase Noise
Creators: name: Krishnan, Rajet
name: Amat, Alexandre Graell i
name: Eriksson, Thomas
name: Colavolpe, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we address the problem of optimizing signal constellations for strong phase noise. The problem is investigated by considering three optimization formulations, which provide an analytical framework for constellation design. In the first formulation, we seek to design constellations that minimize the symbol error probability (SEP) for an approximate ML detector in the presence of phase noise. In the second formulation, we optimize constellations in terms of mutual information (MI) for the effective discrete channel consisting of phase noise, additive white Gaussian noise, and the approximate ML detector. To this end, we derive the MI of this discrete channel. Finally, we optimize constellations in terms of the MI for the phase noise channel. We give two analytical characterizations of the MI of this channel, which are shown to be accurate for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios and phase noise variances. For each formulation, we present a detailed analysis of the optimal constellations and their performance in the presence of strong phase noise. We show that the optimal constellations significantly outperform conventional constellations and those proposed in the literature in terms of SEP, error floors, and MI.
description: 10 page, 10 figures, Accepted to IEEE Trans. Commun