cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Be and O in the ultra metal-poor dwarf 2MASS J18082002-5104378: The Be-O correlation
Creators: name: Spite, M.
name: Bonifacio, P.
name: Spite, F.
name: Caffau, E.
name: Sbordone, L.
name: Gallagher, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurable amounts of Be could have been synthesised primordially if the Universe were non-homogeneous or in the presence of late decaying relic particles. We investigate the Be abundance in the extremely metal-poor star 2MASS J1808-5104 ([Fe/H]=--3.84) with the aim of constraining inhomogeneities or the presence of late decaying particles. High resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio UV spectra were acquired at ESO with the Kueyen 8.2 m telescope and the UVES spectrograph. Abundances were derived using several model atmospheres and spectral synthesis code. We measured log(Be/H) = -14.3 from a spectrum synthesis of the region of the Be line. Using a conservative approach, however we adopted an upper limit two times higher, i.e. log(Be/H) < -14.0. We measured the O abundance from UV OH lines and find [O/H]=--3.46 after a 3D correction. Our observation reinforces the existing upper limit on primordial Be. There is no observational indication for a primordial production of Be. This places strong constraints on the properties of putative relic particles. This result also supports the hypothesis of a homogeneous Universe, at the time of nucleosynthesis. Surprisingly, our upper limit of the Be abundance is well below the Be measurements in stars of similar [O/H]. This may be evidence that the Be-O relation breaks down in the early Galaxy, perhaps due to the escape of spallation products from the gas clouds in which stars such as 2MASS J1808-5104 have formed.
description: 9 pages, 9 Figures
Interface modes of two-dimensional composite structures
Creators: name: Pitarke, J. M.
name: Garcia-Vidal, F. J.
name: Pendry, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface modes of a composite consisting of aligned metallic wires with square cross sections are investigated, on the basis of photonic band structure calculations. The effective long-wavelength dielectric response function is computed, as a function of the filling fraction. The dependence of the optical absorption on the shape of the wires and the polarization of light is discussed, and the effect of sharp corners analyzed. The effect of the interaction between the wires on the localization of surface plasmons is also addressed.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Surf. Sci
Additional file 2: of Manipulation of bicarbonate concentration in sperm capacitation media improvesin vitro fertilisation output in porcine species
Creators: name: Soriano-Úbeda, Cristina
name: Romero-Aguirregomezcorta, Jon
name: Matás, Carmen
name: Visconti, Pablo
name: García-Vázquez, Francisco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Cluster centers for each CASA motility parameter used to classify each spermatozoa of the study according to their degree of similarity. Cluster 1: spermatozoa with the poorest motility (lowest values in all CASA parameters); Cluster 2: spermatozoa with the most linear trajectory (high values of VSL, LIN, STR and WOB); Cluster 3: spermatozoa with the most curvilinear trajectory (high values of VCL and ALH and low values of VSL, LIN and STR). VCL, μm/s: curvilinear velocity; VSL, μm/s: straight-line velocity; VAP, μm/s: average path velocity; LIN, %: linearity of the curvilinear trajectory; STR, %: straightness; WOB, %: Wobble (VAP/VCL); ALH, μm: amplitude of lateral head displacement; BCF, Hz: beat cross-frequency. (PDF 28 kb)
Initialisation of single spin dressed states using shortcuts to adiabaticity
Creators: name: Kölbl, Johannes
name: Barfuss, Arne
name: Kaspercyzk, Mark
name: Thiel, Lucas
name: Clerk, Aashish
name: Ribeiro, Hugo
name: Maletinsky, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the use of shortcuts to adiabaticity protocols for initialisation, readout, and coherent control of dressed states generated by closed-contour, coherent driving of a single spin. Such dressed states have recently been shown to exhibit efficient coherence protection, beyond what their two-level counterparts can offer. Our state transfer protocols yield a transfer fidelity of ~ 99.4(2) % while accelerating the transfer speed by a factor of 2.6 compared to the adiabatic approach. We show bi-directionality of the accelerated state transfer, which we employ for direct dressed state population readout after coherent manipulation in the dressed state manifold. Our results enable direct and efficient access to coherence-protected dressed states of individual spins and thereby offer attractive avenues for applications in quantum information processing or quantum sensing.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures. Including supplementary material
Size and area of square lattice polygons
Creators: name: Jensen, Iwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the finite lattice method to calculate the radius of gyration, the first and second area-weighted moments of self-avoiding polygons on the square lattice. The series have been calculated for polygons up to perimeter 82. Analysis of the series yields high accuracy estimates confirming theoretical predictions for the value of the size exponent, $ν=3/4$, and certain universal amplitude combinations. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the asymptotic form of the series coefficients provide the firmest evidence to date for the existence of a correction-to-scaling exponent, $Δ= 3/2$.
description: 12 pages 3 figures
Resveratrol preconditioning induces genomic and metabolic adaptations within the long-term window of cerebral ischemic tolerance leading to bioenergetic efficiency.
Creators: name: Khoury, Nathalie
name: Xu, Jing
name: Stegelmann, Samuel
name: Jackson, Charles
name: Koronowski, Kevin
name: Kunjan Dave
name: Young, Juan
name: Perez-Pinzon, Miguel
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2019
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the long-term cerebral ischemic tolerance mediated by resveratrol preconditioning.
Tumeochrysa (Nineta) abunda Wu & Liu 2024, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Wu, Jingyu
name: Liu, Xingyue
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Neuroptera
Chrysopidae
Tumeochrysa
Tumeochrysa abunda

description: [25] Tumeochrysa (Nineta) abunda (Yang & Yang, 1989) comb. nov.
(Figs 33, 83)
Nineta abunda Yang & Yang, 1989: 24. Type locality: China (Shaanxi, Qingquan). Holotype in CAU.
Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the body without markings, and the length of female subgenitale slightly longer than wide.
Description. Female. Body length 13.5 mm, forewing length 18.3 mm, hindwing length 16.8 mm.
Head without spots, vertex raised. Compound eye prominent and black. Antennae yellow, scape and pedicel wider than flagellum. Frons, clypeus and gena without spots. Maxillary palpi with brown stripe on outer side, labial palpi brownish yellow.
Pronotum anterior margin shorter than posterior margin, without markings. Mesonotum and metanotum without markings.
Legs with dense setae, without spots. Pretarsal claws brown, with basal dilation.
Forewing broad, without shadings. Pterostigma indistinct. Costal area with 30 crossveins; 19 radial crossveins present. m1 smaller than m2; im ovoid; 11 psm-psc crossveins present. c1 smaller than c2, dcc opened. A1 forked, A2 and A3 simple. Inner gradate series with 13 crossveins, basal crossvein of inner gradate series meeting Psm; outer gradate series with 12 crossveins.
Hindwing slightly narrow. Pterostigma indistinct. Costal area with 26 crossveins; 18 radial crossveins and 10 psm-psc crossveins present. Inner gradate series with 11 crossveins, basal crossvein of inner gradate series meeting Psm; outer gradate series with 10 crossveins.
Material. Holotype ♀, China, Shaanxi, Yan’an, Ganquan County, Qingquan, 1971.VI.28, Chikun Yang (CAU).
Distribution. China (Shaanxi).
Remarks. This species was established based on a female specimen, and its genitalia may have been lost. The basal crossvein of inner gradate series of forewing and hindwing of type specimen attached to Psm directly, which only occurs occasionally in Nineta. Other morphological characters of this species are consistent with Nineta: the wide head, the broad antennal scape, the thorax without markings, the wings without shadings and the body without markings. We consider this species as a valid species of Nineta. According to original description, the length of female subgenitale of this species is slightly longer than wide.
description: Published as part of Wu, Jingyu & Liu, Xingyue, 2024, Systematics of the green lacewing tribe Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from China, pp. 1-169 in Zootaxa 5540 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5540.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14240496
Probing Dark Energy through Perfect Fluid Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios
name: Acquaviva, Giovanni
name: Markakis, Charalampos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the thermodynamics of a perfect fluid describing baryonic matter can, in certain limits, lead to an equation of state similar to that of dark energy. We keep the cosmic fluid equation of state quite general by just demanding that the speed of sound is positive and less than the speed of light. In this framework, we discuss some propositions by looking at the asymptotic behavior of the cosmic fluid.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the RAGtime20 conference proceedings (Opava, October 15-19 2018)
Spin-Flavour Oscillations and Neutrinos from SN1987A
Creators: name: Brüggen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino signal from SN1987A is analysed with respect to spin-flavour oscillations between electron antineutrinos, $\barν_{e}$, and muon neutrinos, $ν_μ$, by means of a maximum likelihood analysis. Following Jegerlehner et al. best fit values for the total energy released in neutrinos, $E_t$, and the temperature of the electron antineutrino, $T_{\barν_{e}}$, for a range of mixing parameters and progenitor models are calculated. In particular the dependence of the inferred quantities on the metallicity of the supernova is investigated and the uncertainties involved in using the neutrino signal to determine the neutrino magnetic moment are pointed out.
description: 14 pages, RevTeX, 4 figures, to appear in Physical Review D
Cryphaea guarapensis Besch., nom. nud.
Creators: name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Leucodontales
Cryphaeaceae
Cryphaea
Cryphaea guarapensis

description: Cryphaea guarapensis Besch. in Rev. Bryol. 12: 18. 1885 [nom. nud.].
 Type citation. – “Guarapi, Balansa 3629a ”.
 Original specimen. – Guarapi, sur le tronc des arbres, 30 juillet 1881, Balansa 3629a (Herb. Boiss., G00042390).
description: Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2012, Catalogue of the Benjamin Balansa moss collections from Paraguay in Herbarium Genavense (G), pp. 153-179 in Candollea 67 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a17, http://zenodo.org/record/5719346
Appendix A from Human indoor climate preferences approximate specific geographies
Creators: name: Just, Michael G.
name: Nichols, Lauren M.
name: Dunn, Robert R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60302 Biogeography and Phylogeography

description: Root mean square error analysis (between indoor and outdoor climates) and results for temperature and vapor pressure
Dimerodontium balansae Mull. Hal.
Creators: name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Hypnales
Fabroniaceae
Dimerodontium
Dimerodontium balansae

description: Dimerodontium balansae Müll. Hal. in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 21: 267. 1877.
 Type citation. – “Assomption, sur les troncs d’arbres, Balansa 1207; Villa-Rica, forêt à l’Est de la Cordillère”.  Type specimens. – Isolectotypes: L’Assomption, sur le tronc des arbres, juin 1874, Balansa 1207 (G [1878],  G00042237; G [1878], G00042238) .
 Type designation. – CÂMARA & MAGILL (2009: 305): lectotype (PC), isolectotypes (BM, G, NY).
 Specimens. – Guarapi, Balansa 3702 (G, G00042239; G, G00042240; G, G00042241; G [1884], G00042242) [published in BESCHERELLE, 1885: 18]. Guarapi, Balansa 3681 (G, G00042244) [published in MÜLLER & STEPHANI, 1887: 57].
description: Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2012, Catalogue of the Benjamin Balansa moss collections from Paraguay in Herbarium Genavense (G), pp. 153-179 in Candollea 67 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a17, http://zenodo.org/record/5719346
Nucleation model for the description of glass formation
Creators: name: Micoulaut, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present in this letter a model of glass formation using energy barriers and a crystal nucleation process. We then analyze the corresponding dynamical equation in the vicinity of the stationary solutions. The occurence of a pure amorphous solution (i.e. glass) is due to the contribution of a ratio $Λ$ depending on the cooling rate and the crystal nucleation frequency. We also construct time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves in order to relate the model with the kinetic treatment of glass formation.
description: 4 pages, revtex, 3 figures postscript
Pixelated Dark Energy
Creators: name: Heckman, Jonathan J.
name: Lawrie, Craig
name: Lin, Ling
name: Sakstein, Jeremy
name: Zoccarato, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phenomenology of a recent string construction with a quantum mechanically stable dark energy. A mild supersymmetry protects the vacuum energy but also allows $O(10 - 100)$ TeV scale superpartner masses. The construction is holographic in the sense that the 4D spacetime is generated from "pixels" originating from five-branes wrapped over metastable five-cycles of the compactification. The cosmological constant scales as $Λ\sim 1/N$ in the pixel number. An instability in the construction leads to cosmic expansion. This also causes more five-branes to wind up in the geometry, leading to a slowly decreasing cosmological constant which we interpret as an epoch of inflation followed by (pre-)heating when a rare event occurs in which the number of pixels increases by an order one fraction. The sudden appearance of radiation triggers an exponential increase in the number of pixels. Dark energy has a time varying equation of state with $w_a=-3Ω_{m,0}(1+w_0)/2$, which is compatible with current bounds, and could be constrained further by future data releases. The pixelated nature of the Universe also implies a large-$l$ cutoff on the angular power spectrum of cosmological observables with $l_{\rm max} \sim O(N)$. We also use this pixel description to study the thermodynamics of de Sitter space, finding rough agreement with effective field theory considerations.
description: 62 pages, 7 figures
A Unified Model of Exclusive $ρ^0$, $ϕ$ and $\jpsi$ Electroproduction
Creators: name: Donnachie, A
name: Gravelis, J
name: Shaw, G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two-component model is developed for diffractive electroproduction of $ρ^0$, $ϕ$ and $\jpsi$, based on non-perturbative and perturbative two-gluon exchange. This provides a common kinematical structure for non-perturbative and perturbative effects, and allows the role of the vector-meson vertex functions to be explored independently of the production dynamics. A good global description of the vector-meson data is obtained.
description: 30 pages, 35 figures
Asynchronous student engagement in analysis of climate data achieves learning objectives related to climate change understanding, statistical competence, and climate anxiety
Creators: name: Meixner, T.
name: Ciancarelli, B.
name: Farrell, E. P.
name: García, Silva D.
name: Josek, T.
name: Kelly, M. M.
name: Meister, P.
name: Soule, D.
name: Darner, R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Learning in asynchronous online environments has gained importance over the last several decades, and educational environment shifts from the COVID-19 pandemic appear to have increased this need. Science educators and students need information about which approaches work in the asynchronous environment where informal feedback tends to be reduced, compared to other teaching modalities. In this study, we asynchronously implemented a learning module across 5 institutions that guided students (N = 199) from prescriptive data analysis through guided inquiry and eventually to open inquiry. The module focuses on the science behind climate change. Students work with the same authentic data sets used by professional scientists to examine geologic history and causes of climate change. By analyzing contemporary atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature data and then using the 800,000-year record available from the Vostok ice core proxy record of atmospheric properties, students identify the causes of climate change and discover the unprecedented nature of recent atmospheric changes. Using a pre/post-module assessment, we demonstrate improvement in students’ understanding of climate change processes and statistical methods used to analyze data. However, there was no evidence that the module develops students’ scientific reasoning about the relationship between causation and correlation. Students maintained that correlation is not causation, even when a robust causal mechanism (i.e., the greenhouse effect) explains the link between atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature. Finally, our analysis indicated that generally, anxiety about climate change was reduced during the module, such that students become less anxious about the climate change the more they learn about it. However, science-denying students experienced much higher anxiety about climate change than students who accepted the scientific consensus about climate change. Climate science-dissenting students were so few in this study that a statistical comparison was not possible, but this intriguing finding warrants further investigation of the role of anxiety in science denial. Mainly, this study demonstrates how asynchronous online learning environments can indeed support the achievement of learning objectives related to conducting authentic science, such as increasing understanding of climate change and statistical concepts, all while not provoking anxiety about climate change.
Quantum transistor realized with a single $Λ$-level atom coupled to the microtoroidal cavity
Creators: name: Aghamalyan, Davit
name: You, Jia-Bin
name: Chu, Hong-Son
name: Png, Ching Eng
name: Krivitsky, Leonid
name: Kwek, Leong Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a realization of the quantum transistor for coherent light fields for the fibre-coupled microdisk cavities. We demonstrate by combining numerical and analytical methods that both in strong coupling and bad cavity limits it is possible to change system's behaviour from being fully transparent to being fully reflective by varying the amplitude of the external control field. We remark that tuning the amplitude of the control field is significantly easier in the experimental setting than tuning cavity-atom coupling strength which was suggested in [Phys. Rev. A 90, 053822 (2014)] for two-level atoms and works only in the strong coupling limit. We also demonstrate the possibility of controlling the statistics of the input coherent field with the control field which opens the venue for obtaining quantum states of light.
Newly observed $Ω(2012)$ state and strong decays of the low-lying $Ω$ excitations
Creators: name: Wang, Zuo-Yun
name: Gui, Long-Cheng
name: Lü, Qi-Fang
name: Xiao, Li-Ye
name: Zhong, Xian-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stimulated by the newly discovered $Ω(2012)$ resonance at Belle II, in this work we have studied the OZI allowed strong decays of the low-lying $1P$- and $1D$-wave $Ω$ baryons within the $^3P_0$ model. It is found that $Ω(2012)$ is most likely to be a $1P$-wave $Ω$ state with $J^P=3/2^-$. We also find that the $Ω(2250)$ state could be assigned as a $1D$-wave state with $J^P=5/2^+$. The other missing $1P$- and $1D$-wave $Ω$ baryons may have large potentials to be observed in their main decay channels.
The build-up of pseudobulges in a hierarchical universe
Creators: name: Izquierdo-Villalba, David
name: Bonoli, Silvia
name: Spinoso, Daniele
name: Rosas-Guevara, Yetli
name: Henriques, Bruno M. B.
name: Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cosmological build-up of pseudobulges using the LGalaxies semi-analytical model for galaxy formation with a new approach for following separately the assembly of classical bulges and pseudobulges. Classical bulges are assumed to be the result of violent processes (i.e., mergers and starbursts), while the formation of pseudobulges is connected to the secular growth of disks. We apply the model to both the Millennium and the Millennium II simulations, in order to study our results across a wide range of stellar masses ($10^{7} - 10^{11.5} M_{\odot}$). We find that $z=0$ pseudobulges mainly reside in galaxies of $ \rm M_{stellar} \sim 10^{10} - 10^{10.5} M_{\odot}$ ($\rm M_{halo} \sim 10^{11.5}-10^{12} M_{\odot}$) and we recover structural properties of these objects (e.g., sizes and bulge-to-total ratios) that are in good agreement with observational results. Tracing their formation history, we find that pseudobulges assembled in galaxies with a very quiet merger history, as opposed to the host galaxies of classical bulges. Regarding the bulge structure, we find that $\sim$ 30\% of the galaxies with a predominant pseudobulge feature a composite structure, hosting both a pseudo and a classical bulge component. The classical component typically constitutes $\sim$10\% of the total bulge galaxy mass. When looking at the properties of the host galaxies, we find that $z = 0$ pseudobulges are hosted by main sequence galaxies, characterized by a stellar population which is generally younger compared to the one of the hosts of classical bulges.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
Dusenia cuspidata Mull. Hal.
Creators: name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Leucodontales
Leucodontaceae
Dusenia
Dusenia cuspidata

description: Dusenia cuspidata Müll. Hal. in Hedwigia 36: 108. 1897.
 = Forsstroemia trichomitria (Hedw.) Lindb., fide STARK (1987: 191), see note in O’SHEA & PRICE (2008: 30).
 Type citation. – “Paraguay, sine loco natali, Balansa Coll. No. 3662 ”.  Type specimens. – Lectotype: Guarapi, sur le tronc des arbres, 10 août 1881, Balansa 3662 (G [1885], G000  42104). Isolectotypes: (Herb. Boiss., G00042103; Herb. DC. [1884], G00042102).
 Type designation. – STARK (1987: 191): lectotype (G).
 Comments. – Number 3662 was named “ Lasia subcoronata Besch. ” by BESCHERELLE (1885: 18) before being used by MÜLLER (1897) as the type of Dusenia cuspidata.
description: Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2012, Catalogue of the Benjamin Balansa moss collections from Paraguay in Herbarium Genavense (G), pp. 153-179 in Candollea 67 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a17, http://zenodo.org/record/5719346
An Explicit Form of the Equation of Motion of the Interface in Bicontinuous Phases
Creators: name: Tomita, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The explicit form of the interface equation of motion derived assuming a minimal surface is extended to general bicontinuous interfaces that appear in the diffusion limited stage of the phase separation process of binary mixtures. The derivation is based on a formal solution of the equivalent simple layer for the Dirichlet problem of the Laplace equation with an arbitrary boundary surface. It is shown that the assumption of a minimal surface used in the previous linear theory is not necessary, but its bicontinuous nature is the essential condition required for us to rederive the explicit form of the simple layer. The de- rived curvature flow equation has a phenomenological cut-off length, i.e., an `electro-static' screening length. That is re- lated to the well-known scaling length characterizing the spatial pattern size of a homogeneously growing bicontinuous phase. The corresponding equation of the level function in this scheme is given in a one-parameter form also.
description: 18 pages
Lepton CP Asymmetries in B Decays
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the decay of Upsilon(4S, the decay time distribution of Upsilon(4S) -> f + X, where f is a final state that B^0 or B^0bar can decay to, is the sum of the decay time distributions of B^0 -> f and B^0bar -> f. Using this general rule, we estimate the sensitivity of single lepton CP violation measurements with respect to that of traditional di-lepton measurements. We find that the sensitivity of the single lepton method is comparable to or better than that of the di-lepton method. The two data samples are largely statistically independent, so that they can be combined to improve sensitivity. The advantage of the single lepton measurement increases for large mixings, which suggests that the single lepton method holds promise for B_s. We also discuss lepton asymmetry measurements on the Z^0 peak and in hadron colliders. The achievable sensitivity with the currently available data is already in the range relevant to standard model predictions. PACS numbers: 11.30.Er, 13.20.Gd, 13.20.He, 03.65.Bx
description: 13 pages, no figures, Latex. References updated
Generalized XOR non-locality games with graph description on a square lattice
Creators: name: Rosicka, Monika
name: Mazurek, Paweł
name: Grudka, Andrzej
name: Horodecki, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a family of non-locality unique games for 2 parties based on a square lattice on an arbitrary surface. We show that, due to structural similarities with error correction codes of Kitaev for fault tolerant quantum computation, the games have classical values computable in polynomial time for $d=2$ measurement outcomes. By representing games in their graph form, for arbitrary $d$ and underlying surface we provide their classification into equivalence classes with respect to relabeling of measurement outcomes, for a selected set of permutations which define the winning conditions. A case study of games with periodic boundary conditions is presented in order to verify their impact on classical and quantum values of the family of games. It suggests that quantum values suffer independently from presence of different winning conditions that can be imposed due to periodicity, as long as no local restrictions are in place.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures
Giant Lateral Optical Forces on Rayleigh Particles near Hyperbolic and Extremely Anisotropic Metasurfaces
Creators: name: Paul, N. K.
name: Correas-Serrano, D.
name: Gomez-Diaz, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a dramatic enhancement of the lateral optical forces induced on electrically polarizable Rayleigh particles near hyperbolic and extremely anisotropic metasurfaces under simple plane wave illumination. Such enhancement is enabled by the interplay between the increased density of states provided by these structures and the out-of-plane polarization spin acquired by the particle. The resulting giant lateral forces appear over a broad frequency range and may open unprecedented venues for routing, trapping, and assembling nanoparticles.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
A ~60-day super-orbital period originating from the ultraluminous X-ray pulsar in M82
Creators: name: Brightman, Murray
name: Harrison, Fiona A.
name: Bachetti, Matteo
name: Xu, Yanjun
name: Fürst, Felix
name: Walton, Dominic J.
name: Ptak, Andrew
name: Yukita, Mihoko
name: Zezas, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) pulsars are a new class of object powered by apparent super-critical accretion onto magnetized neutron stars. Three sources in this class identified so far; M82 X-2, NGC 5907 ULX-1 and NGC 7793 P13, have been found to have two properties in common; $\sim1$-s spin periods, and for NGC 5907 ULX-1 and NGC 7793 P13 periodic X-ray flux modulations on timescales of $\sim60-80$ days. M82 X-2 resides in a crowded field that includes the ULX M82 X-1 separated from X-2 by 5", as well as other bright point sources. A 60-day modulation has been observed from the region but the origin has been difficult to identify; both M82 X-1 and X-2 have been suggested as the source. In this paper we present the analysis of a systematic monitoring campaign by Chandra, the only X-ray telescope capable of resolving the crowded field. From a simple Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis and a more sophisticated Gaussian Process analysis we find that only X-2 exhibits a periodic signal around 60 days supporting previous claims that it is the origin. We also construct a phase-averaged flux profile of the modulations from higher cadence Swift/XRT data and find that the flux variations in the Chandra data are fully consistent with the flux profile. Since the orbit of the neutron star and its companion is known to be 2.5 days, the $\sim60$-day period must be super-orbital in origin. The flux of the modulations varies by a factor of $\sim$100 from minimum to maximum, with no evidence for spectral variations, making the origin difficult to explain.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Dynamics of structural models with a long-range interaction: glassy versus non-glassy behavior
Creators: name: Rostiashvili, V. G.
name: Vilgis, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By making use of the Langevin dynamics and its generating functional (GF) formulation the influence of the long-range nature of the interaction on the tendency of the glass formation is systematically investigated. In doing so two types of models is considered: (i) the non-disordered model with a pure repulsive type of interaction and (ii) the model with a randomly distributed strength of interaction (a quenched disordered model). The long-ranged potential of interaction is scaled with a number of particles $N$ in such a way as to enable for GF the saddle-point treatment as well as the systematic 1/N - expansion around it. We show that the non-disordered model has no glass transition which is in line with the mean-field limit of the mode - coupling theory (MCT) predictions. On the other hand the model with a long-range interaction which above that has a quenched disorder leads to MC - equations which are generic for the $p$ - spin glass model and polymeric manifold in a random media.
description: to be published in Phys. Rev E
Finite Temperature DMRG Investigation of the Spin-Peierls Transition in CuGeO$_3$
Creators: name: Klümper, A.
name: Raupach, R.
name: Schönfeld, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical study of thermodynamical properties of dimerized frustrated Heisenberg chains down to extremely low temperatures with applications to CuGeO$_3$. A variant of the finite temperature density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) allows the study of the dimerized phase previously unaccessible to ab initio calculations. We investigate static dimerized systems as well as the instability of the quantum chain towards lattice dimerization. The crossover from a quadratic response in the free energy to the distortion field at finite temperature to nonanalytic behavior at zero temperature is studied quantitatively. Various physical quantities are derived and compared with experimental data for CuGeO$_3$ such as magnetic dimerization, critical temperature, susceptibility and entropy.
description: LaTeX, 5 pages, 5 eps figures included
JCBFM_Billinger2017.pdf
Creators: name: Billinger, Sandra A.
name: Jason-Flor V. Sisante
name: Vidoni, Eric D.
name: Kirkendoll, Kiersten
name: Ward, Jaimie
name: Yumei Liu
name: Kwapiszeski, Sarah J.
name: Maletsky, Rebecca
name: Burns, Jeffrey M.
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The goal of this study was to explore the association of beta-amyloid accumulation andcerebrovascular response (CVR) in cognitively normal older adults. Beta-amyloid accumulation was characterized with [18F] Florbetapir positron emission tomography scans. CVR was calculated as middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity change from rest to moderate intensity exercise. We found that individuals with elevated beta-amyloid aggregation had a blunted CVR (n = 25, age 70.1 ± 4.8; 3.3 ± 3.7cm/s) compared to non-elevated individuals (n = 45,age 72.0 ± 4.9; 7.2 ± 5.0 cm/s,p < 0.001). Further, greater beta-amyloid burden was linearly associated with less CVR across all participants (b = -11.7, p<0.001). Greater CVR and less beta-amyloid burden were associated with Processing Speed (p<0.05). This study is the first to show that CVR from rest to exercise is blunted across increased global beta-amyloid burden.
Higgs Bosons and the Indirect Search for WIMPs
Creators: name: Bednyakov, V. A.
name: Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, H. V.
name: Tu, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the contribution of the MSSM Higgs bosons produced in the neutralino annihilation in the Earth and Sun to the total WIMPs detection signals. We found that this contribution is very important and results in a lower bound for the muon flux from the Sun of 10^{-7} - 10^{-8} m^{-2} yr^{-1} for neutralinos heavier than 200 GeV. We noticed that due to the SUSY charged Higgs bosons one can expect an energetic tau neutrino flux from the Sun at a level of 10^2 m^{-2} yr^{-1}.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Talk given at Dark2000, Heidelberg, Germany, 10-15 July, 2000
Cylindrothecium argyreum Besch. 1851
Creators: name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Hypnales
Entodontaceae
Cylindrothecium
Cylindrothecium argyreum

description: Cylindrothecium argyreum Besch. in J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 346. 1891.
 Ξ Entodon argyreus (Besch.) Broth. in Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 26. Afd. 3(7): 49. 1900.
 Type citation. – “Guarapi, sur les troncs des arbres 1878, Balansa 3678 ”.  Type specimens. – Syntypes: Guarapi, sur le tronc des arbres, 1878, Balansa 3678 (G, G00042391; G [1885],  G00042392; Herb. Boiss., G00042396; Herb. Boiss., G00042397; Herb. DC. [1884], G00042393) .
 Type designation. – None found.
description: Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2012, Catalogue of the Benjamin Balansa moss collections from Paraguay in Herbarium Genavense (G), pp. 153-179 in Candollea 67 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a17, http://zenodo.org/record/5719346
Spectroscopic study of the extremely young O-type triple system Herschel 36 A in the Hourglass Nebula. I. Orbital properties
Creators: name: Campillay, Abdo R.
name: Arias, Julia I.
name: Barbá, Rodolfo H.
name: Morrell, Nidia I.
name: Gamen, Roberto C.
name: Apellániz, Jesús Maíz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed spectroscopic study of Herschel 36 A (H36A), the main stellar component of the massive multiple system Herschel 36 in the Hourglass Nebula, based on high-resolution optical spectra obtained along an 11 years span. The three stellar components present in the spectrum of H36A are separated by means of a spectral disentangling technique. Individual spectral classifications are improved, and high precision orbital solutions for the inner and the outer orbits are calculated. H36A is confirmed to be a hierarchical triple system composed of a close massive binary (Ab1+Ab2, O9.5 V+B0.7 V) in wide orbit around a third O-type star (Aa, O7.5 Vz). The inner-pair orbit is characterized by a period of 1.54157 +/- 0.00006 days, and semi-amplitudes of 181.2 +/- 0.7 and 295.4 +/- 1.7 km/s. The outer orbit has a period of 492.81 +/- 0.69 days, and semi-amplitudes of 62.0 +/- 0.6 and 42.4 +/- 0.8 km/s. Inner and outer orbits are not coplanar, having a relative inclination of at least 20 degrees. Dynamical minimum masses of 20.6 +/- 0.8 Msun, 18.7 +/- 1.1 Msun, and 11.5 +/- 1.1 Msun are derived for the Aa, Ab1, and Ab2 components, respectively, in reasonable agreement with the theoretical calibrations.
description: Paper accepted in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Much Ado About Leptoquarks: A Comprehensive Analysis
Creators: name: Hewett, JoAnne L.
name: Rizzo, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the phenomenological implications of a 200 GeV leptoquark in light of the recent excess of events at HERA. Given the relative predictions of events rates in e^+p versus e^-p, we demonstrate that classes of leptoquarks may be excluded, including those contained in E_6 GUT models. It is shown that future studies with polarized beams at HERA could reveal the chirality of the leptoquark fermionic coupling and that given sufficient luminosity in each e^\pm_{L,R} channel the leptoquark quantum numbers could be determined. The implications of 200-220 GeV leptoquarks at the Tevatron are examined. While present Tevatron data most likely excludes vector leptoquarks and leptogluons in this mass region, it does allow for scalar leptoquarks. We find that while leptoquarks have little influence on Drell-Yan production, further studies at the Main Injector are possible in the single production channel. We investigate precision electroweak measurements as well as the process e^+e^-\to q\bar q at LEP II and find they provide no further restrictions on these leptoquark models. We then ascertain that cross section and polarization asymmetry measurements at the NLC provide the only direct mechanism to determine the leptoquark's electroweak quantum numbers. The single production of leptoquarks in γe collisions by both the backscattered laser and Weisacker-Williams techniques at the NLC is also discussed. Finally, we demonstrate that we can obtain successful coupling constant unification in models with leptoquarks, both with or without supersymmetry. The supersymmetric case requires the GUT group to be larger than SU(5) such as flipped SU(5)\times U(1)_X.
description: Corrected single production cross section at Tevatron, updated atomic parity violation constraints, 55 pages
Paradox of Schwarzschild Blackholes(MinTae Kim).pdf
Creators: name: Kim, Min Tae
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Astrophysics

description: The meaning of the singularity of Schwarzschild metric at the Schwarzschild radius was reviewed based on the relativistic kinetic energy, in order to get to the nature of Schwarzschild black holes which have only mass as physical quantity. In the relativistic frame, the maximum kinetic energy of a particle goes to infinite, as its velocity approaches the speed of light. When taking account of the relativistic kinetic energy at the Schwarzschild radius, the escape velocity from a massive spherically-symmetric object is less than the speed of light, indicating no singularity at the Schwarzschild radius. It further means that any Schwarzschild black holes cannot exist in the relativistic regime.
Complexity of causal order structure in distributed quantum information processing and its trade-off with entanglement
Creators: name: Wakakuwa, Eyuri
name: Soeda, Akihito
name: Murao, Mio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove a trade-off relation between the entanglement cost and classical communication complexity of causal order structure of a protocol in distributed quantum information processing. We consider an implementation of a class of two-qubit unitary gates by local operations and classical communication (LOCC) assisted with shared entanglement, in an information theoretical scenario of asymptotically many input pairs and vanishingly small error. We prove the trade-off relation by showing that (i) one ebit of entanglement per pair is necessary for implementing the unitary by any two-round protocol, and that (ii) the entanglement cost by a three-round protocol is strictly smaller than one ebit per pair. We also provide an example of bipartite unitary gates for which there is no such trade-off.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Most of the results in this paper are the same as those in arXiv:1608.07461. In the current version, however, we compare two-round protocols to a three-round one, not to a four-round one as in the previous version. Presentations are improved
The effect of phase fluctuations on the single-particle properties of the underdoped cuprates
Creators: name: Kwon, Hyok-Jon
name: Dorsey, Alan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of order parameter phase fluctuations on the single-particle properties of fermions in the underdoped cuprate superconductors using a phenomenological low-energy theory. We identify the fermion-phase field coupling as the Doppler-shift of the quasiparticle spectrum induced by the fluctuating superfluid velocity and we calculate the effect of these fluctuations on the fermion self-energy. We show that the vortex pair unbinding near the superconducting transition causes a significant broadening in the fermion spectral function, producing a pseudogap-like feature. We also discuss the specific heat and show that the phase fluctuation effect is visible due to the short coherence length.
description: RevTex 11 pages; 11 epsf figures included. Added and updated references
Constraints on Leptoquark Masses and Couplings from Rare Processes and Unification
Creators: name: Leontaris, G. K.
name: Vergados, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent experimental data at HERA and ZEUS, which have reported evidence for leptoqark production at Sqrt{s}=314 GeV with a mass at M_D=200 GeV we consider its implications in unified supersymmetric theories. We also present calculations for leptoquark production incorporating the existing limits from other exotic reactions on its couplings and other relevant parameters.
description: Latex file, 10pages, reference added
Measuring the gravitational field in General Relativity: From deviation equations and the gravitational compass to relativistic clock gradiometry
Creators: name: Obukhov, Yuri N.
name: Puetzfeld, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How does one measure the gravitational field? We give explicit answers to this fundamental question and show how all components of the curvature tensor, which represents the gravitational field in Einstein's theory of General Relativity, can be obtained by means of two different methods. The first method relies on the measuring the accelerations of a suitably prepared set of test bodies relative to the observer. The second methods utilizes a set of suitably prepared clocks. The methods discussed here form the basis of relativistic (clock) gradiometry and are of direct operational relevance for applications in geodesy.
description: To appear in "Relativistic Geodesy: Foundations and Application", D. Puetzfeld et. al. (eds.), Fundamental Theories of Physics, Springer 2018, 52 pages, in print. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1804.11106, arXiv:1511.08465, arXiv:1805.10673
Ectropothecium glaucinum Besch. 1868
Creators: name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Hypnales
Hypnaceae
Ectropothecium
Ectropothecium glaucinum

description: Ectropothecium glaucinum Besch. in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 21: 271. 1877.
 Ξ Vesicularia glaucina (Besch.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 1094. 1908.
 Type citation. – “Caaguazu, Balansa 1198; Assomption, Balansa 1271 ”.
 Type specimens. – Syntypes: Caaguazu, dans les forêts, 24 mars 1876, Balansa 1198 (Herb. Boiss., G00042207; Herb. DC. [1878], G00042208).
 Type designation. – None found.
 Specimens. – Guarapi, sur les troncs des arbres, juin 1881, Balansa 3691 (Herb. Boiss., G00042204; Herb. DC. [1884], G00042203) [published in BESCHERELLE, 1885: 19].
description: Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2012, Catalogue of the Benjamin Balansa moss collections from Paraguay in Herbarium Genavense (G), pp. 153-179 in Candollea 67 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a17, http://zenodo.org/record/5719346