cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Consider the opposite: An application of scientific thinking to mitigate assimilation bias
Creators: name: Laughlin, Daniel Deforrest
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: In 1979, Lord, Ross and Lepper identified a psychological trait that they dubbed assimilation bias. This habit of the mind causes people to filter and evaluate new information and evidence based on their existing beliefs. In 1984, Lord, Lepper and Preston suggested a consider the opposite strategy of evaluating new information might limit the effects of assimilation bias. This research tested that proposal using 115 subjects in freshman level classes at two community colleges. Subjects were divided into control and treatment groups and tested on both an educational technology topic and a capital punishment topic. The treatment group was asked to evaluate articles that opposed their beliefs about the issues of technology in education and capital punishment using a consider the opposite technique. The subjects used the technique with no knowledge of the purpose. Comparisons of pre- and post-treatment evaluations were done using both an analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney U test with a confidence level of .05. In the educational technology portion of the research, the hypothesis was supported very strongly. Those subjects using the consider the opposite technique---even though unaware that they were doing so---demonstrated little or no assimilation bias. The treatment group showed the expected tendency toward assimilation bias. Neither the capital punishment group nor the replication group produced results that rose to a level of significance, though the mean of each group shifted in the anticipated direction. Further research is recommend to investigate the emotional commitment aspect and to expand on the present findings. The current findings suggest that consider the opposite may well be a cognitive skill worth teaching in schools to provide students with a specific critical thinking tool with which to mitigate their own tendencies toward assimilation bias.
Consider the opposite: An application of scientific thinking to mitigate assimilation bias
Creators: name: Laughlin, Daniel Deforrest
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5204
subject: Cognitive and computational psychology

description: In 1979, Lord, Ross and Lepper identified a psychological trait that they dubbed assimilation bias. This habit of the mind causes people to filter and evaluate new information and evidence based on their existing beliefs. In 1984, Lord, Lepper and Preston suggested a consider the opposite strategy of evaluating new information might limit the effects of assimilation bias. This research tested that proposal using 115 subjects in freshman level classes at two community colleges. Subjects were divided into control and treatment groups and tested on both an educational technology topic and a capital punishment topic. The treatment group was asked to evaluate articles that opposed their beliefs about the issues of technology in education and capital punishment using a consider the opposite technique. The subjects used the technique with no knowledge of the purpose. Comparisons of pre- and post-treatment evaluations were done using both an analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney U test with a confidence level of .05. In the educational technology portion of the research, the hypothesis was supported very strongly. Those subjects using the consider the opposite technique---even though unaware that they were doing so---demonstrated little or no assimilation bias. The treatment group showed the expected tendency toward assimilation bias. Neither the capital punishment group nor the replication group produced results that rose to a level of significance, though the mean of each group shifted in the anticipated direction. Further research is recommend to investigate the emotional commitment aspect and to expand on the present findings. The current findings suggest that consider the opposite may well be a cognitive skill worth teaching in schools to provide students with a specific critical thinking tool with which to mitigate their own tendencies toward assimilation bias.
Environments of bow echoes associated with localized vs. widespread straight-line wind damage
Creators: name: Reynolds, Amber
name: Dowell, David
name: Abshire, Wendy
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2003

One of the more significant forms of mesoscale convective organization is the bow echo. Although bow-shaped convective lines are relatively small in scale (20-120 km long), they can produce damaging straight-line winds over periods of several hours across swaths of several hundred kilometers. Bow echoes represent a challenge for operational forecasting and warning of severe weather. It is difficult to predict the severity of these systems, which often results in false severe weather warnings issued to the public. The environments of bow echoes associated with localized vs. widespread straight-line wind damage were analyzed and contrasted using data collected during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX). Two cases were selected to represent both the localized and widespread straight-line wind damage scenarios. Most Unstable (MU) and Mixed Layer (ML) Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Convective Inhibition (CIN) were computed from environmental soundings. Bulk wind shear was also calculated for surface to 3 km and surface to 6 km intervals for all cases evaluated. The results of this investigation indicated that lower levels of CIN tend to favor systems that produce widespread wind damage. However, in the cases analyzed, vertical wind shear seemed to have no correlation with the severity of bow echo systems, whereas high values of ML CAPE did favor widespread wind damage. Although more cases need to be analyzed, the results of this research may indicate an important method for forecasting widespread wind damage associated with bow echoes.
Additional file 1 of The impact of the Adolescent Girls Empowerment Program (AGEP) on short and long term social, economic, education and fertility outcomes: a cluster randomized controlled trial in Zambia
Creators: name: Austrian, Karen
name: Soler-Hampejsek, Erica
name: Behrman, Jere R.
name: Digitale, Jean
name: Hachonda, Natalie Jackson
name: Bweupe, Maximillian
name: Hewett, Paul C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Mediating indicators and longer-term outcomes.
PAC Codes: Sequential Decoding vs List Decoding
Creators: name: Rowshan, Mohammad
name: Burg, Andreas
name: Viterbo, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the Shannon lecture at the 2019 International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Arıkan proposed to employ a one-to-one convolutional transform as a pre-coding step before the polar transform. The resulting codes of this concatenation are called polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes. In this scheme, a pair of polar mapper and demapper as pre- and postprocessing devices are deployed around a memoryless channel, which provides polarized information to an outer decoder leading to improved error correction performance of the outer code. In this paper, the list decoding and sequential decoding (including Fano decoding and stack decoding) are first adapted for use to decode PAC codes. Then, to reduce the complexity of sequential decoding of PAC/polar codes, we propose (i) an adaptive heuristic metric, (ii) tree search constraints for backtracking to avoid exploration of unlikely sub-paths, and (iii) tree search strategies consistent with the pattern of error occurrence in polar codes. These contribute to the reduction of the average decoding time complexity from 50% to 80%, trading with 0.05 to 0.3 dB degradation in error correction performance within FER=10^-3 range, respectively, relative to not applying the corresponding search strategies. Additionally, as an important ingredient in Fano decoding of PAC/polar codes, an efficient computation method for the intermediate LLRs and partial sums is provided. This method is effective in backtracking and avoids storing the intermediate information or restarting the decoding process. Eventually, all three decoding algorithms are compared in terms of performance, complexity, and resource requirements.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, 6 algorithms
Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning against Adversarial Perturbations on State Observations
Creators: name: Zhang, Huan
name: Chen, Hongge
name: Xiao, Chaowei
name: Li, Bo
name: Liu, Mingyan
name: Boning, Duane
name: Hsieh, Cho-Jui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agent observes its states through observations, which may contain natural measurement errors or adversarial noises. Since the observations deviate from the true states, they can mislead the agent into making suboptimal actions. Several works have shown this vulnerability via adversarial attacks, but existing approaches on improving the robustness of DRL under this setting have limited success and lack for theoretical principles. We show that naively applying existing techniques on improving robustness for classification tasks, like adversarial training, is ineffective for many RL tasks. We propose the state-adversarial Markov decision process (SA-MDP) to study the fundamental properties of this problem, and develop a theoretically principled policy regularization which can be applied to a large family of DRL algorithms, including proximal policy optimization (PPO), deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) and deep Q networks (DQN), for both discrete and continuous action control problems. We significantly improve the robustness of PPO, DDPG and DQN agents under a suite of strong white box adversarial attacks, including new attacks of our own. Additionally, we find that a robust policy noticeably improves DRL performance even without an adversary in a number of environments. Our code is available at https://github.com/chenhongge/StateAdvDRL.
description: Huan Zhang and Hongge Chen contributed equally
ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF SNOW PEAS PRODUCTION BY SMALL SCALE FARMERS IN NYANDARUA COUNTY, KENYA
Creators: name: Mukami, Naomi Njeri
name: Mukami, Naomi Njeri
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics
Productivity Analysis

description: A thesis Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Award of a Master’s of Science Degree in Applied Agricultural Economics of Egerton University. Advisors: Dr. Langat Jackson, Prof. Mutai Benjamin
Quando sono “apparsi” i primi buchi neri?
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Un nuovo modello alternativo che tenta di spiegare la nascita e l’evoluzione dell'universo prevede che i buchi neri primordiali siano di fatto quella che gli scienziati chiamano materia oscura. Secondo Nico Cappelluti, associato Inaf, «il nostro studio mostra che, senza introdurre nuove particelle o una nuova fisica, possiamo risolvere i misteri della moderna cosmologia, dalla natura della materia oscura stessa all'origine dei buchi neri supermassicci»
Anthophora (Micranthophora) petrophila Cockerell 1905
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Anthophora (Micranthophora) petrophila Cockerell, 1905
[Holotype: CASC; ♀ Rock Creek, Los Angeles Co., California, USA]
This species is widely distributed in the southwestern USA and northern Mexico and has been recorded in the Baja California Mountains and Chaparral (Orr et al. 2018). This species specializes on pollen from a broad range of plant genera in the family Asteraceae, which aids in its large geographic distribution (Orr et al. 2018). In our surveys, the BBPT collected 26 specimens (16 ♂, 10 ♀) in the Baja California Mountains in La Rumorosa and Sierra Juarez in September 2021 and 2022 and in April 2022. Voucher specimens are in MABC (8 ♂, 5 ♀), and ECOAB (8 ♂, 5 ♀). See fig. 75.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Neutrino-less Double Electron Capture - a tool to research for Majorana neutrinos
Creators: name: Sujkowski, Z.
name: Wycech, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility to observe the neutrino-less double $ β$ decay and thus to prove the Majorana nature of neutrino as well as provide a sensitive measure of its mass is a major challenge of to-day's neutrino physics. As an attractive alternative we propose to study the inverse process, the radiative neutrino-less double electron capture $0 ν2EC$. The associated monoenergetic photon provides a convenient experimental signature. Other advantages include the favourable ratio of the $0 ν2EC$ to the competing $2ν2EC$ capture rates and, very importantly, the existence of coincidence trigger to suppress the random background. These advantages partly offset the expected longer lifetimes. Rates for the $0γ2EC$ process are calculated. High Z atoms are strongly favoured. A resonance enhancement of the capture rates is predicted at energy release comparable to the $2P-1S$ atomic level difference. The resonance conditions are likely to be met for decays to excited states in final nuclei. Candidates for such studies are considered. The experimental feasibility is estimated and found highly encouraging.
description: New figure added, table updated, physical background discussed
Revisiting the experimental test of Mermin's inequalities at IBMQ
Creators: name: González, Diego
name: de la Pradilla, Diego Fernández
name: González, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bell-type inequalities allow for experimental testing of local hidden variable theories. In the present work we show the violation of Mermin's inequalities in IBM's five-qubit quantum computers, ruling out the local realism hypothesis in quantum mechanics. Furthermore, our numerical results show significant improvement with respect to previous implementations. The circuit implementation of these inequalities is also proposed as a way of assessing the reliability of different quantum computers.
INTEGRASIYALASHGAN TA'LIM JARAYONI ORQALI BOSHLANG'ICH SINF OʻQUVCHILARIDA IZLANUVCHANLIKNI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Creators: name: Sultonova, Oydin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Maqolada ta’lim sifatiga zamonaviy yondashuvlarning tahlillari va integratsion yondashuv komponentlari pedagogik jihatdan tahlil qilingan bo’lib. Maqolada shu bayon qilinganki bilim, tajribani mustaqil ravishda muntazam oshirib borish va hayot tajribasidan foydalangan holda kundalik turmushda uchraydigan muammolarni hal eta olish, ma’lumotlar bazasini yarata olish, asosiylarini tanlay olish va ularni tahlil qila bilish samarali omillardan batafsil ochib berilgan.
Violation of generalized fluctuation theorems in adaptively driven steady states: Applications to hair cell oscillations
Creators: name: Sheth, Janaki
name: Bozovic, Dolores
name: Levine, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spontaneously oscillating hair bundle of sensory cells in the inner ear is an example of a stochastic, nonlinear oscillator driven by internal active processes. Moreover, this internal activity is adaptive -- its power input depends on the current state of the system. We study fluctuation dissipation relations in such adaptively-driven, nonequilibrium limit-cycle oscillators. We observe the expected violation of the well-known, equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT), and verify the existence of a generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem (GFDT) in the non-adaptively driven model of the hair cell oscillator. This generalized fluctuation theorem requires the system to be analyzed in the co-moving frame associated with the mean limit cycle of the stochastic oscillator. We then demonstrate, via numerical simulations and analytic calculations, that the adaptively-driven dynamical hair cell model violates both the FDT and the GFDT. We go on to show, using stochastic, finite-state, dynamical models, that such a feedback-controlled drive in stochastic limit cycle oscillators generically violates both the FDT and GFDT. We propose that one may in fact use the breakdown of the GFDT as a tool to more broadly look for and quantify the effect of adaptive, feedback mechanisms associated with driven (nonequilibrium) biological dynamics.
description: 14 pages, 21 figures
A meta-analysis of Boolean network models reveals design principles of gene regulatory networks
Creators: name: Kadelka, Claus
name: Butrie, Taras-Michael
name: Hilton, Evan
name: Kinseth, Jack
name: Schmidt, Addison
name: Serdarevic, Haris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) play a central role in cellular decision-making. Understanding their structure and how it impacts their dynamics constitutes thus a fundamental biological question. GRNs are frequently modeled as Boolean networks, which are intuitive, simple to describe, and can yield qualitative results even when data is sparse. We assembled the largest repository of expert-curated Boolean GRN models. A meta-analysis of this diverse set of models reveals several design principles. GRNs exhibit more canalization, redundancy and stable dynamics than expected. Moreover, they are enriched for certain recurring network motifs. This raises the important question why evolution favors these design mechanisms.
description: 51 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables
Anthophora (Micranthophora) striata Orr 2017
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Anthophora (Micranthophora) striata Orr et al., 2017
[Holotype: BBSL; ♀ Blythe, 33 air km Northwest, Midland, California, USA; March 26, 2016]
This xeric species is distributed in the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts and specializes on pollen from Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville (Orr et al. 2018). One female has been collected in the Lower Colorado Desert in San Felipe, BC in March 1963 (Orr et al. 2018). See fig. 76.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Mid-Infrared and Submillimeter Observations of the Illuminating Source of McNeil's Variable Nebula
Creators: name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Rothberg, Barry
name: Simon, Theodore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present post-outburst observations of the mid-infrared spectrum and submillimeter continuum of the illuminating source of the newly-discovered McNeil's Nebula in the L1630 region of Orion. The 12 micron flux of this source has increased by a factor of 25 after the outburst, whereas the submillimeter continuum remains at its pre-outburst level. The bolometric luminosity has increased by at least an order of magnitude, to ~34 L_sun, and is likely less than 90 L_sun. The mid-infrared spectrum exhibits a strong and red continuum with no emission or absorption features. The infrared slope of the spectral energy distribution characterizes the illuminating source as a flat-spectrum protostar, in both its active and quiescent states. New CO spectral line observations show no evidence for a molecular outflow.
description: submitted to ApJL
IMPACT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY ON FOOD SECURITY AMONG MANGO FARMERS IN MACHAKOS COUNTY, KENYA
Creators: name: Nyang'au, Paul Nyamweya
name: Nyang'au, Paul Nyamweya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Food Security and Poverty

description: A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. Advisors: Dr. Jonathan Nzuma, Dr. Patrick Irungu, Dr. Beatric Muriithi
Anthophora (Mystacanthophora) capistrata Cresson 1878
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Anthophora (Mystacanthophora) capistrata Cresson, 1878
[Syntype: ANSP; ♀ ♂ Texas, USA]
This species, which is active during the fall, has been collected in all the neotropical ecoregions of the peninsula. We examined 11 specimens collected in the CTR, including: 10 males collected in August 1975, and one female from September 1977 (CASC). Additionally, we examined one specimen collected in the Tropical Dry Forest in 2013 (SDNHM). CARCIB team collected nine females and one male between 2016 and 2018 in the CTR. See fig. 77.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Comparison between GPS radio occultation and radiosonde sounding data
Creators: name: Rossiter, Dione
name: Rocken, Christian
name: Kuo, Ying-Hwa
name: Schreiner, William
name: Gochis, David
name: Lampert, Annette
name: Datulayta, Pauline
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2003

Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) is a new technique for obtaining profiles of atmospheric properties, specifically: refractivity, temperature, pressure, water vapor pressure in the neutral atmosphere, and electron density in the ionosphere. The data received from GPS RO contribute significant amounts of information to a range of fields including meteorology, climate, ionospheric research, geodesy, and gravity. Low-Earth orbiting satellites, equipped with a GPS receiver, track GPS radio signals as they set or rise behind the Earth. Since GPS signals are refracted (delayed and bent) by the Earth's atmosphere, these data are used to infer information about atmospheric refractivity. Before the GPS RO data are used for research and operations, it is essential to assess their accuracy. Therefore, this research provided quantitative estimates of the accuracy of GPS RO when compared with measurements of known accuracy. Profile statistics (mean, standard deviation, standard error) were computed as a function of altitude to quantify the errors. Comparing RO data with nearby (300km; 2hr) radiosonde data yielded small mean error for all of the statistical plots generated, affirming that the RO technique is accurate for measuring atmospheric properties. Comparison of RO data with sounding data from different radiosonde systems showed that the RO technique was of high enough accuracy to differentiate differences in performance of various types of radiosonde systems. The results indicated that India's IM-MK3 radiosonde has the greatest amount of uncertainties and Australia's Vaisala radiosonde has the least amount of uncertainties.
Additional file 1 of Variant effect predictions capture some aspects of deep mutational scanning experiments
Creators: name: Reeb, Jonas
name: Wirth, Theresa
name: Rost, Burkhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supporting Online Material (SOM) containing additional figures, tables and notes.
A study of the catalytic selectivity of sulfonium and thiol compounds in alkylation and synthesis
Creators: name: Lewis, Jean M.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The catalytic selectivity of alpha-alkene hydrocarbons in a sulfuric acid system can be enhanced by adding either of the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine or cysteine. When added in 1 molal quantities, the amino acid acts as a promoter, which captures the labile carbocation, until it is transferred to another nucleophile. The present work was undertaken to characterize the extent of selectivity of this novel catalyst system, while determining its mechanistic activity. Acid strength effects, oligomerization and alkylation studies with alkenes were conducted to understand the extent of catalytic ability. The measurement of acid strength and activity extent was determined by the Hammett acidity function. The reactant products were determined by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer instrument (GC-MS), and the mechanism was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) isotope effects. The reaction products of various alpha-alkenes and mixed alkenes under acid conditions with and without the amino acids were studied. The finding that the methionine did in fact act as an acceptor for the alkene, and transfers it to another alkene via a carbonium ion has been demonstrated. It was also determined that hydride transfers, and molecular rearrangements were minimized while using this method. This catalyst system has the potential for use primarily in the hydrocarbon industry, where branched products in the C8--C 12 range make useful fuel enhancers. Similar to other catalytic systems, this system is susceptible to poisoning, particularly with saturated, acid soluble compounds, as determined by multi-pass and recycling experiments.
Antiche strutture ai confini della Via Lattea
Creators: Laura Leonardi
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Un team internazionale di ricercatori guidati dall’Università di Tokyo ha scoperto la presenza di numerose strutture filamentose fino a ora sconosciute sul bordo della nostra galassia: residui stellari che potrebbero far nuova luce sulla sua formazione ed evoluzione. I risultati sono stati pubblicati su Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Chandra e le sue cavità
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Grazie al telescopio orbitale Chandra della Nasa, un gruppo di ricerca guidato da studiosi dell’Università di Bologna e dell’Inaf ha individuato per la prima volta due coppie di cavità, o bolle, formate nel gas caldo di un ammasso di galassie, generate forse dall’azione di due buchi neri supermassicci uniti in un’orbita ravvicinata
The characterization of Weihrauch reducibility in systems containing E-PA$^ω$ + QF-AC$^{0,0}$
Creators: name: Uftring, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.4.1
subject: 03B47 03F52 03D65 03D30

description: We characterize Weihrauch reducibility in E-PA$^ω$ + QF-AC$^{0,0}$ and all systems containing it by the provability in a linear variant of the same calculus using modifications of Gödel's Dialectica interpretation that incorporate ideas from linear logic, nonstandard arithmetic, higher-order computability, and phase semantics.
description: This is the accepted version of a paper published in The Journal of Symbolic Logic
Bayesian Nonparametric Multivariate Spatial Mixture Mixed Effects Models with Application to American Community Survey Special Tabulations
Creators: name: Janicki, Ryan
name: Raim, Andrew M.
name: Holan, Scott H.
name: Maples, Jerry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Leveraging multivariate spatial dependence to improve the precision of estimates using American Community Survey data and other sample survey data has been a topic of recent interest among data-users and federal statistical agencies. One strategy is to use a multivariate spatial mixed effects model with a Gaussian observation model and latent Gaussian process model. In practice, this works well for a wide range of tabulations. Nevertheless, in situations that exhibit heterogeneity among geographies and/or sparsity in the data, the Gaussian assumptions may be problematic and lead to underperformance. To remedy these situations, we propose a multivariate hierarchical Bayesian nonparametric mixed effects spatial mixture model to increase model flexibility. The number of clusters is chosen automatically in a data-driven manner. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through a simulation study and motivating application of special tabulations for American Community Survey data.
Comparison of temperature variations in the Earth's mesopause
Creators: name: Singleton, Tamara
name: Hagan, Maura
name: Goldstein, Janine
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2003

The mesopause region of the Earth's atmosphere is characterized by abnormal seasonal temperature and large tidal variations. Scientists of the National Center for Atmospheric Research developed the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesophere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME-GCM) in part to study the temperature variations in the mesopause. The TIME-GCM is a three-dimensional time-dependent simulation of the Earthâs atmosphere that predicts winds, temperature, minor and major composition, and electrodynamics quantities globally from 30km to about 500km. Researchers at Colorado State University (CSU) developed a sodium light and ranging detection (lidar) instrument more than 10 years ago to examine and understand the nighttime temperature variability in the mesopause over Fort Collins, Colorado. In 2002 CSU extended the lidar capability to make daytime measurements enabling the determinations of diurnal mean, diurnal and sun harmonic temperature variations between 80km and 100km. This research assessed the performance of the TIME-GCM by comparing the temperature variations taken from CSU's sodium lidar measurements of full diurnal cycles in the year 2002 with comparable TIME-GCM temperature predictions. Specifically, we studied and analyzed the diurnal mean and tidal amplitudes and phases using mathematical and computer applications to make comparisons and identify the strengths and weakness of the TIME-GCM with respect to depicting sodium lidar observations.
All-order momentum correlations of three ultracold bosonic atoms confined in triple-well traps: Signatures of emergent many-body quantum phase transitions and analogies with three-photon quantum-optics interference
Creators: name: Yannouleas, Constantine
name: Landman, Uzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All-order momentum correlation functions associated with the time-of-flight spectroscopy of three spinless ultracold bosonic interacting neutral atoms confined in a linear three-well optical trap are presented. The underlying Hamiltonian employed for the interacting atoms is an augmented three-site Hubbard model. Our investigations target matter-wave interference of massive particles, aiming at the establishment of experimental protocols for characterizing the quantum states of trapped attractively or repulsively interacting ultracold particles, with variable interaction strength. The manifested advantages and deep physical insights that can be gained through the employment of the results of our study for a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the quantum states of interacting many-particle systems, via analysis of the all-order (that is 1st, 2nd and 3rd) momentum correlation functions for three bosonic atoms in a three well confinement, are illustrated and discussed in the context of time-of-flight inteferometric interrogations of the interaction-strength-induced emergent quantum phase transition from the Mott insulating phase to the superfluid one. Furthermore, we discuss that our inteferometric interrogations establish strong analogies with the quantum-optics interference of three photons, including the aspects of genuine three-photon interference, which are focal to explorations targeting the development and implementation of quantum information applications and quantum computing.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review A. Extensive clarifications and explanations added. 34 pages, 14 color figures. For similar papers, see http://www.prism.gatech.edu/~ph274cy/
Day to day variability of pollution in Mexico City
Creators: name: Spence, Nichole
name: Madronich, Sasha
name: Schauffler, Sue
name: Beres, Jadwiga
name: Zauscher, None
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2003

Studies have shown that Mexico City is the most polluted city in the world. One of the types of pollution that affects Mexico City is photochemical smog, which is caused when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) react with sunlight to form ozone (O₃). The purpose of this study was to determine if photochemical pollution in Mexico City accumulates from day to day before the atmosphere is flushed of existing pollutants by the weather. Our hypothesis was that if pollution does accumulate on a daily basis an analysis of the data would show a pattern of large frequencies of smaller increases with small frequencies of larger decreases. Fortran algorithms were written to sort through 11 years of O3, carbon dioxide (CO, which was used as a surrogate for VOCs) and NOx data provided by the Red Automática de Monitorea Atmosférica (RAMA). RAMA measures pollution concentrations for every hour from 32 locations around Mexico City. From the sorted data, plots were constructed to analyze the differences between increases and decreases of O₃, CO and NOx. The results did not confirm our hypothesis. The plots showed that, overall, the RAMA stations reported decreases in pollution levels as often as increases. In addition, the average magnitude of each increase was relatively the same as that of each decrease. Therefore, from the data analyzed, it was concluded that there was no evidence of day to day pollution accumulation within Mexico City.
I segreti del kripton nel mantello profondo
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

In base ai risultati di uno studio dell'Università della California, Davis, il kripton presente nel mantello terrestre raccolto in due punti caldi del pianeta – in Islanda e nelle isole Galapagos – rivela un quadro più chiaro di come si è formata la Terra, indicando che gli elementi volatili essenziali devono essere giunti sul nostro pianeta nelle prime fasi della sua formazione, prima dell’impatto dal quale si è formata la Luna
A study of the catalytic selectivity of sulfonium and thiol compounds in alkylation and synthesis
Creators: name: Lewis, Jean M.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3405
subject: Organic chemistry

description: The catalytic selectivity of alpha-alkene hydrocarbons in a sulfuric acid system can be enhanced by adding either of the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine or cysteine. When added in 1 molal quantities, the amino acid acts as a promoter, which captures the labile carbocation, until it is transferred to another nucleophile. The present work was undertaken to characterize the extent of selectivity of this novel catalyst system, while determining its mechanistic activity. Acid strength effects, oligomerization and alkylation studies with alkenes were conducted to understand the extent of catalytic ability. The measurement of acid strength and activity extent was determined by the Hammett acidity function. The reactant products were determined by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer instrument (GC-MS), and the mechanism was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) isotope effects. The reaction products of various alpha-alkenes and mixed alkenes under acid conditions with and without the amino acids were studied. The finding that the methionine did in fact act as an acceptor for the alkene, and transfers it to another alkene via a carbonium ion has been demonstrated. It was also determined that hydride transfers, and molecular rearrangements were minimized while using this method. This catalyst system has the potential for use primarily in the hydrocarbon industry, where branched products in the C8--C 12 range make useful fuel enhancers. Similar to other catalytic systems, this system is susceptible to poisoning, particularly with saturated, acid soluble compounds, as determined by multi-pass and recycling experiments.
The QCD Axion at Finite Density
Creators: name: Balkin, Reuven
name: Serra, Javi
name: Springmann, Konstantin
name: Weiler, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the properties of the QCD axion change in systems at finite baryonic density, such as neutron stars. At nuclear saturation densities, where corrections can be reliably computed, we find a mild reduction of the axion mass and up to an order of magnitude enhancement in the model-independent axion coupling to neutrons. At moderately higher densities, if realized, meson (kaon) condensation can trigger axion condensation. We also study the axion potential at asymptotically large densities, where the color-superconducting phase of QCD potentially leads to axion condensation, and the mass of the axion is generically several orders of magnitude smaller than in vacuum due to the suppressed instantons. Several phenomenological consequences of the axion being sourced by neutron stars are discussed, such as its contribution to their total mass, the presence of an axionic brane, or axion-photon conversion in the magnetosphere.
description: 39 pages + appendices and updated references, 6 figures
Polar In-Plane Surface Orientation of a Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystal: Polar Monodomains and Twisted State Electro-Optics
Creators: name: Chen, Xi
name: Korblova, Eva
name: Glaser, Matthew A.
name: Maclennan, Joseph E.
name: Walba, David M.
name: Clark, Noel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that surface interactions can vectorially structure the three-dimensional polariza-tion field of a ferroelectric fluid. The contact between a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal and a surface with in-plane polarity generates a preferred in-plane orientation of the polarization field at that interface. This is a route to the formation of fluid or glassy monodomains of high polarization without the need for electric field poling. For example, unidirectional buffing of polyimide films on planar surfaces to give quadrupolar in-plane anisotropy also induces mac-roscopic in-plane polar order at the surfaces, enabling the formation of a variety of azimuthal polar director structures in the cell interior, including uniform and twisted states. In a π-twist cell, obtained with antiparallel, unidirectional buffing on opposing surfaces, we demonstrate three distinct modes of ferroelectric nematic electro-optic response: intrinsic, viscosity-limited, field-induced molecular reorientation; field-induced motion of domain walls separating twist-ed states of opposite chirality; and propagation of polarization reorientation solitons from the cell plates to the cell center upon field reversal. Chirally doped ferroelectric nematics in anti-parallel-rubbed cells produce Grandjean textures of helical twist that can be unwound via field-induced polar surface reorientation transitions. Fields required are in the 3 V/mm range, indicating an in-plane polar anchoring energy of wP ~ 3x10-3 J/m2.
description: 34 pages, including 5 figures and bibliography
Multipartite entanglement, quantum-error-correcting codes, and entangling power of quantum evolutions
Creators: name: Scott, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the average bipartite entanglement, over all possible divisions of a multipartite system, as a useful measure of multipartite entanglement. We expose a connection between such measures and quantum-error-correcting codes by deriving a formula relating the weight distribution of the code to the average entanglement of encoded states. Multipartite entangling power of quantum evolutions is also investigated.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Fratelli Finochocci, Voucher No. 2
Creators: name: Fratelli Finochocci
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War II
subject: 12th General Hospital
subject: Receipts
subject: Receipts (Acknowledgments)
subject: Tableware
subject: Rome (Italy)

description: Receipt for silver-table ware.
THE IMPACT OF BEEKEEPING ON THE HOUSEHOLD INCOME OF SMALL HOLDER FARMERS: A CASE OF MIKUNKU IN KAPIRI-MPOSHI DISTRICT OF ZAMBIA
Creators: name: Kumwenda, Samson
name: Kumwenda, Samson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Financial Economics

description: A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI BUNDA CAMPUS. Advisor
Online mathematics and statistics tutoring: Effectiveness and implementation issues
Creators: name: Lotze, Conrad Dieter
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The technology now exists that enables educators to conduct mathematics and statistics tutoring online, that is, via the Internet. In fact, several universities, as well as many private firms, are beginning to offer such tutoring. What are the drawbacks and/or limitations of online tutoring? Are there barriers, either technical or psychological, that must be overcome in order to be effective? These types of questions motivated this qualitative feasibility case study. The study sought to explore the OT environment, in an effort to help determine its merits and drawbacks. Experienced collegiate mathematics and statistics tutors were paired with college mathematics and statistics students for the study. The pairs met for three face-to-face tutoring (FT) sessions, alternating with three online tutoring (OT) sessions during the course of a semester. The OT sessions involved the use of computers outfitted with Aiptek's HyperMeeting, a $100 system that included a digital notepad, web-cam, and a headset, along with the necessary software. Participants used a whiteboard, which allowed their communications to be seen by one another simultaneously. Results of the study indicate that OT can be effective. However, less material was covered in OT than in FT. Reasons for this difference included both technical considerations, as well as psychological issues. Participants experienced failures of the technology employed, including disconnections and audio problems. Such factors as inaudible audio and illegible writing also contributed to higher levels of confusion and more frequent mathematical mistakes in OT than in FT. The lack of a shared field of vision for separated participants also slowed the process considerably. It was observed that the ability of a tutor to read the facial and body language cues of the tutee was hampered by the medium, and that this often led to difficulty in ascertaining precisely where a tutee was in the learning process. The majority of the participants reported enjoying OT, but being frustrated at times with the technical difficulties they encountered. Those with higher levels of mathematics and technology anxiety were also those less satisfied with the OT experience. Participants also reported a loss of the sense of connection during OT sessions.