cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic anomalies and three distinct liquid-liquid transitions in warm dense liquid hydrogen
Creators: name: Geng, Hua Y.
name: Wu, Q.
name: Marqués, Miriam
name: Ackland, Graeme J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of hydrogen at high pressure have wide implications in astrophysics and high-pressure physics. Its phase change in the liquid is variously described as a metallization, H2-dissociation, density discontinuity or plasma phase transition. It has been tacitly assumed that these phenomena coincide at a first-order liquid-liquid transition (LLT). In this work, the relevant pressure-temperature conditions are thoroughly explored with first-principles molecular dynamics. We show there is a large dependency on exchange-correlation functional and significant finite size effects. We use hysteresis in a number of measurable quantities to demonstrate a first-order transition up to a critical point, above which molecular and atomic liquids are indistinguishable. At higher temperature beyond the critical point, H2-dissociation becomes a smooth cross-over in the supercritical region that can be modelled by a pseudo-transition, where the H2-2H transformation is localized and does not cause a density discontinuity at metallization. Thermodynamic anomalies and counter-intuitive transport behavior of protons are also discovered even far beyond the critical point, making this dissociative transition highly relevant to the interior dynamics of Jovian planets. Below the critical point, simulation also reveals a dynamic H2-2H chemical equilibrium with rapid interconversion, showing that H2 and H are miscible. The predicted critical temperature lies well below the ionization temperature. Our calculations unequivocally demonstrate that there are three distinct regimes in the liquid-liquid transition of warm dense hydrogen.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, with Supplementary Material
Variational structures beyond gradient flows: A macroscopic fluctuation-theory perspective
Creators: name: Patterson, Robert I. A.
name: Renger, D. R. Michiel
name: Sharma, Upanshu
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
subject: dissipative and non-dissipative
subject: decomposition of large-deviation rate functional
subject: 82C35
subject: 49S05
subject: 35Q8249J40
subject: 60F10
subject: 82C22
subject: 35Q84
subject: 05.70.Ln
subject: 05.40.-a

description: Macroscopic equations arising out of stochastic particle systems in detailed balance (called dissipative systems or gradient flows) have a natural variational structure, which can be derived from the large-deviation rate functional for the density of the particle system. While large deviations can be studied in considerable generality, these variational structures are often restricted to systems in detailed balance. Using insights from macroscopic fluctuation theory, in this work we aim to generalise this variational connection beyond dissipative systems by augmenting densities with fluxes, which encode non-dissipative effects. Our main contribution is an abstract framework, which for a given flux-density cost and a quasipotential, provides a decomposition into dissipative and non-dissipative components and a generalised orthogonality relation between them. We then apply this abstract theory to various stochastic particle systems -- independent copies of jump processes, zero-range processes, chemical-reaction networks in complex balance and lattice-gas models.
PLACE DE LA DÉMARCHE D’INVESTIGATION DANS L’ENSEIGNEMENT DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA TERRE AUX COLLÈGES
Creators: name: HASSOUNI, Taoufik
name: AMEZIANE, Nour-Eddine
name: Wissal IRAQI
name: Lamri, Driss
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Dans l’enseignement des sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (SVT), la démarche d’investigation a une importance régulièrement réaffirmée, notamment au regard de la science. Sa mise en œuvre nécessite la mise en perspective de ses références socioconstructivistes. Ce travail a permis, d’analyser dans un premier temps les conceptions d'enseignants et d’élèves à propos de la démarche d’investigation et les paradigmes enseignés. Le contenu des manuels scolaires traitant des supports pédagogiques ayant trait à cette nouvelle approche a été aussi analysé dans un deuxième temps. Des résultats détaillés sont présentés et discutés dans cet article.
MIGNEX Background Paper D7.4: Development impacts of migration as reflected in focus groups
Creators: name: Kandilige, Leander
name: Marchand, Katrin
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2023

description: Discussions in 104 focus groups across the 26 MIGNEX research areas show that people are well aware of the positive and negative impacts that migration has on multi-dimensional development at the individual, household and community levels.

Key Takeaways

The multi-dimensional impacts of migration are associated mainly with remittances and the absence of household and community members.

The impact of migration extends beyond individuals to communities and family life. It leads to family separation, changes in community demographics, and shifts in culture and traditions.

The four phases of migration (pre-departure, transportation, post-arrival and return) are shaped by and shape health outcomes for migrants as well as the communities they come into contact with.
Chasmia ochrothorax
Creators: name: Goodwin, James T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tabanidae
Chasmia
Chasmia ochrothorax

description: Chasmia ochrothorax (Schuurmans Stekhoven)
MOROBE PROVINCE: Mountain Rainforest, 50-250m, 1-3 km W of Lababia 12-14 Jun 1997, J. T. Goodwin (FSCA); Huon Peninsula, Pening Go River, near Sambiang, 800m, biting on man, 26 Jan 1976, W. C. Gagne (FSCA); Lowland R. F., Buso, 20 Jun 1984, H. Roberts (FRIL); Melambi R., Lae, Mirilunga Vill., 4500 ft, 29 Dec 1956, J. H. Ardley (NAIC).
SANDAUN PROVINCE: Bolovip, 21 Nov 1985, J. W. Ismay (NAIC).
description: Published as part of Goodwin, James T., 2010, New species of Cydistomyia Taylor with notes and collection records for other Tabanidae (Diptera) from New Guinea, pp. 1-22 in Insecta Mundi 2010 (117) on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4531547
An XMM-Newton observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0419-577 in an extreme low state
Creators: name: Pounds, K. A.
name: Reeves, J. N.
name: Page, K. L.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous observations of the luminous Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0419-577 have found its X-ray spectrum to range from that of a typical Seyfert 1 with 2-10 keV power law index Gamma ~ 1.9 to a much flatter power law of Gamma ~ 1.5 or less. We report here a new XMM-Newton observation which allows the low state spectrum to be studied in much greater detail than hitherto. We find a very hard spectrum (Gamma ~ 1.0), which exhibits broad features that can be modelled with the addition of an extreme relativistic Fe K emission line or with partial covering of the underlying continuum by a substantial column density of near-neutral gas. Both the EPIC and RGS data show evidence for strong line emission of OVII and OVIII requiring an extended region of low density photoionised gas in 1H 0419-577. Comparison with an earlier XMM-Newton observation when 1H 0419-577 was 'X-ray bright' indicates the dominant spectral variability occurs via a steep power law component.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ
Next steps to evidence-based food safety risk analysis: opportunities for health technology assessment methodology implementation
Creators: name: Pitter, János G.
name: Jóźwiak, Ákos
name: Martos, Éva
name: Kaló, Zoltán
name: Vokó, Zoltán
name: Pitter, János G.
name: Jóźwiak, Ákos
name: Martos, Éva
name: Kaló, Zoltán
name: Vokó, Zoltán
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: foodborne disease
subject: cost-utility analysis
subject: MCDA
subject: health technology assessment
subject: risk analysis
subject: priority setting

description: Food safety risk analysis and health technology assessment (HTA) are two different paradigms sharing multiple common features. Decision makers in both fields have the responsibility to promote the health of society deciding on intervention opportunities based on disease burden, intervention feasibility, eff ectiveness and cost, equity and ethical considerations. The evolution of HTA in the last two decades has resulted in the establishment and widespread use of quantitative tools to support and justify evidence-based decisions. In contrast, decision making in the food safety domain is still a qualitative process rendering ad hoc weights to all aspects considered. This review evaluates whether HTA methodology is suitable for quantitative decision support in food safety risk analysis. We conclude that cost-utility analysis (CUA) could better serve the priority settings in food safety risk management than the currently (rarely) applied cost-benefi t analysis (CBA), considering either broad resource allocation or specific safety measure decisions. Development of multi-criteria decision analysis tools could help the introduction of consistent and explicit weighting among cost and health impacts, equity and all other relevant aspects. Cost-minimisation and cost-effectiveness analyses would be relevant for ‘threshold’ and ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ approaches to single food safety risk assessments, respectively. Assuming a future widespread use of HTA methodology in the food safety paradigm, a vision of integrated healthcare, food safety and nutritional policy emerges, with the re-evaluation of budgets and resources of these large systems in a rational and socially acceptable way.
description: http://dx.doi.org/10.7896/j.1524
Rezension zu: Kuschel, Karl-Josef (2015): Martin Buber – seine Herausforderung an das Christentum Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh, 361 Seiten.
Creators: name: Heyde, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext
Year: 2021

description: Warum sich heute, 50 Jahre nach seinem Tod, an Martin Buber erinnern? fragt Karl-Josef Kuschel und nennt in einem Prolog »gute Gründe«, aus denen die Bedeutung des jüdischen Philosophen und Theologen für uns heute hervorgeht. Schon hier wird deutlich, wie herausfordernd Bubers Denken und Glauben für Christen und Juden gleichermaßen ist und es lohnend ist, sich auf ihn einzulassen. Bubers komplexe Gedankenwelt einer breiteren Leserschaft bekannt zu machen, lag für Kuschel nahe, nachdem er Band 9 Schriften zum Christentum der Martin Buber Werkausgabe herausgegeben, eingeleitet und kommentiert hatte. Das Thema des Verhältnisses von Christentum und Judentum aber hat den bis 2013 an der katholischen Fakultät der Tübinger Universität »Theologie der Kultur und des interreligiösen Dialogs« lehrenden Theologen und Autor zahlreicher Bücher schon seit Tübinger Studienzeiten beschäftigt. Das Buch hat also seinen Ort in der Geschichte seiner Arbeit für ein »wechselseitig besseres Verstehen der Religionen«. In zwölf Kapiteln beschreibt Kuschel den Weg Bubers »von der Konfrontation zum Dialog, vom Monolog zur Zwiesprache, von der Entfremdung zur Partnerschaft von Juden und Christen« und stellt Buber überzeugend als »einen der großen Brückenbauer des interreligiösen Gesprächs« heraus. Kuschel beginnt biografisch unter der Überschrift Von Vergegnung und Fremdandacht mit Bubers Kindheit und Jugend und skizziert den Lebenskontext eines jüdischen Kindes in einer von Antisemitismus und antijüdischem Vorurteil bestimmten Zeit. Skizzen dieser Art und Exkurse durchziehen die Kapitel. Als Schlaglichter und Zeitsignale sind sie höchst informativ und verdeutlichen anschaulich, in welchem zeitgeschichtlichen Klima Bubers Schriften entstanden sind und welche Faktoren und Personen, welche Weggefährten und Gegner sein Denken und Leben beeinflusst haben. Dass Buber ein Unangepasster war, der in kein Schema passt, erläutert Kuschel zunächst am politischen Buber in dem Kapitel: Wider die Assimilation: Zionismus als Selbstbefreiung. Buber rief die Vertreter eines politischen Zionismus, die »Zion« möglichst rasch als Nationalstaat verwirklichen wollten, ermahnend auf, dass es »nicht ohne bemischpat, nicht ohne Gerechtigkeit gegenüber jedermann geschehen darf, vor allem nicht den Menschen gegenüber, die schon im Lande Palästina leben«. Kuschel gelingt es, inmitten der Fülle des Materials immer wieder Bubers Kernanliegen herauszuarbeiten und in seiner Aktualität für uns heute facettenreich auf den Punkt zu bringen.
description: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext, Nr. 03 (2017): Lernen in Judentum und Christentum - und darüber hinaus
Chasmia parva
Creators: name: Goodwin, James T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tabanidae
Chasmia
Chasmia parva

description: Chasmia parva (Oldroyd)
MOROBE PROVINCE: Mt. Missim, near Wau, 7, 8 & 18-23 Jan, 14-24 Feb 1979, B. M. Beehler (FSCA); Wau, Mt. Missim, 1400m, malaise trap, 3-6 Jun 1979, Thane Pratt (FSCA); Manki L.A., Bulolo, attracted to human, 29, 30 Mar 1983, H. Roberts (FRIL).
NORTHERN PROVINCE: Buri near Sasambata, Popondetta District, 30 & 31 Oct 1963, D. K. McAlpine (AMSA).
description: Published as part of Goodwin, James T., 2010, New species of Cydistomyia Taylor with notes and collection records for other Tabanidae (Diptera) from New Guinea, pp. 1-22 in Insecta Mundi 2010 (117) on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4531547
Issues of shaping the students’ professional and terminological competence in science area of expertise in the sustainable development era
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
name: Lavrentieva, Olena
name: Pererva, Victoria
name: Krupskуi, Oleksandr
name: Shabanov, Sardar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130303 Education Assessment and Evaluation
subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified

description: The paper deals with the problem of future biology teachers’ vocational preparation process and shaping in them of those capacities that contribute to the conservation and enhancement of our planet’s biodiversity as a reflection of the leading sustainable development goals of society. Such personality traits are viewed through the prism of forming the future biology teachers’ professional and terminologicalcompetence. The main aspects and categories that characterize the professional and terminological competence of future biology teachers, including terminology, nomenclature, term, nomen and term element,have been explained. The criteria and stages of shaping the future biology teachers’ professional and terminological competence during the vocational training process have been fixed. Methods, techniques, technologies, guiding principles and forms of staged work on the forming of an active terminological dictionary of students have been described and specified. The content of the distant special course “Latin.Botanical Terminology”, which provides training for future teachers to study the professional subjects and to understand of international scientific terminology, has been presented. It is concluded that the proper level of formation of the future biology teachers’ professional and terminological competence will eventually ensure the qualitative preparation of pupils for life in a sustainable development era.
Effect of disorder on the transverse magnetoresistance of Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Rodionov, Ya. I.
name: Kugel, K. I.
name: Aronzon, B. A.
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of random potential created by different types of impurities on the transverse magnetoresistance of Weyl semimetals. It is shown that the magnetic field and temperature dependence of magnetoresistance is strongly affected by the type of impurity potential. Two limiting cases are analyzed in detail: ($i$) the ultra-quantum limit, when the applied magnetic field is so high that only the zeroth and first Landau levels contribute to the magnetotransport, and ($ii$) the semiclassical situation, for which a large number of Landau levels comes into play. A formal diagrammatic approach allowed us to obtain expressions for the components of the electrical conductivity tensor in both limits. In contrast to the oversimplified case of the $δ$-correlated disorder, the long-range impurity potential (including that of Coulomb impurities) introduces an additional length scale, which changes the geometry and physics of the problem. It is shown that the magnetoresistance can deviate from the linear behavior as a function of magnetic field for a certain class of impurity potentials.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Adoption of multiple agricultural technologies in maize production of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Creators: name: Ahmed, Musa Hasen
name: Ahmed, Musa Hasen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: maize
subject: technologies
subject: technology mix
subject: adoption
subject: multivariate probit

description: The improvement of agricultural productivity using technology is an important avenue for increasing output, reducing poverty and tackling land degradation. However, there is disagreement about which type of technology is most appropriate for smallholders. While some promote the need for natural resource management practices and low external input, others advocate the need for input intensification. This study has examined the nature of the relationship that exists between the two broad categories by using fertiliser and certified seed as input-intensive technologies and manure and soil conservation as natural resource management practices. Alongside this, the paper has also identifi ed the factors that facilitate and impede the probability of those technologies being adopted.
description: http://dx.doi.org/10.7896/j.1521
Economic valuation of improved management of Dechatu drainage basin in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Geta, Endrias
name: Mezgebo, Alem
name: Zeleke, Fresenbet
name: Geta, Endrias
name: Mezgebo, Alem
name: Zeleke, Fresenbet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Political Economy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: contingent valuation method
subject: improved drainage basin management
subject: willingness to pay

description: This paper assesses households’ awareness of the causes of drainage basin degradation and measures their willingness to pay for improved drainage basin management. Cross-sectional data were collected from 398 randomly-selected households. The spike and bivariate probit models were applied to determine the mean willingness to pay and factors affecting households’ willingness to pay, respectively. Agricultural expansion, population pressure, changes in weather conditions and climate change were identified as the main causes of degradation of the Dechatu drainage basin in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia. The study also identifi ed appropriate mechanisms and bases of charging a drainage basin management fee from the sampled respondents. The mean willingness to pay from the spike model was computed to be ETB 111 per annum for five years whereas the mean willingness to pay from the open-ended elicitation method was computed to be ETB 78 per year. The higher mean willingness to pay from the spike model might be due to anchoring effect from the dichotomous choice format. The result suggests that any drainage basin management system needs to consider the monthly income, location, sex, initial bids, occupation, marital status and educational level of the affected households.
description: http://dx.doi.org/10.7896/j.1526
Vom jüdisch-christlichen Dialog zum jüdisch-christlich-muslimischen Trialog. Erfahrungen aus dem Stuttgarter Lehrhaus für Interreligiösen Dialog
Creators: name: Blickle, Karl-Hermann
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext
Year: 2021

description: 1 Die Gründungsgeschichte der Stiftung Stuttgarter Lehrhaus für Interreligiösen Dialog und deren Leitgedanken Das Datum des 7. Februars 2010 gilt als offizieller Gründungstag der Stiftung Stuttgarter Lehrhaus. Bei der Auftaktveranstaltung am Sitz der Stiftung im Stuttgarter Westen verkündeten die Gründungsstifter – Meinhard Mordechai Tenné, sel. A., Lisbeth Blickle und Karl-Hermann Blickle – gemeinsam den Stiftungszweck: »Den Dialog und Trialog zwischen den Anhängern der drei monotheistischen Religionen, zwischen Juden, Christen und Muslimen auf der Grundlage von Toleranz, Verstehen, Verständnis und Gleichberechtigung zu führen.« Wie kam es zur Gründung der Stiftung? Warum beschlossen die Gründungsstifter, im Rahmen der Stiftung Stuttgarter Lehrhaus den jüdischchristlichen Dialog auf einen Trialog mit dem Islam zu erweitern? »Wenn wir die Muslime miteinbeziehen, mache ich bei der Stiftung mit.« Mit diesen Worten gab unser jüdischer Stiftungsmitbegründer und langjähriger Weggefährte im jüdischchristlichen Dialog, Meinhard Mordechai Tenné, den entscheidenden Anstoß für die trialogisch-programmatische Ausrichtung unserer sich seit 2009 in der Entstehung befindlichen Stiftung. Meinhard Tenné fand damit bei meiner Frau und mir offene Ohren, weil wir das spannungsvolle Nebeneinander von Juden, Christen und Muslimen schon seit unserer gemeinsamen Zeit in Israel und Palästina vor mehr als 40 Jahren kannten und dazu gerne einen positiven Beitrag im deutschsprachigen Raum leisten wollten. Aber wir waren überrascht und erfreut, dass dieser Impuls durch das Votum von Meinhard Tenné von jüdischer Seite kam. Dies war umso bedeutungsvoller, weil wir mit dem Stuttgarter Lehrhaus bewusst an das historische Vorbild des jüdischen Lehrhauses in Stuttgart von 1926 bis 1938 anknüpfen wollten und deshalb einerseits die jüdische Seite unter den Gründungsstiftern vertreten sein sollte, gleichzeitig aber nicht selbstverständlich zu erwarten war, dass von jüdischer Seite der Einbezug der Muslime nicht nur akzeptiert, sondern sogar aktiv eingefordert wurde. Dass meine Frau und ich als Christen mit einer langen Vorgeschichte im jüdischchristlichen Dialog und Meinhard Mordechai Tenné als einer der führenden Repräsentanten des Judentums in Stuttgart, der als Jude die Schoah überlebt hatte und sich seit Jahren im interreligiösen Dialog engagierte, uns so einvernehmlich auf die Ausweitung der geplanten Stiftung auf alle drei abrahamitischen Religionen unter Einbezug des Islam einigen konnten – das war die paradigmatische und zugleich zukunftsweisende Grunderfahrung bei der Entstehung der Stiftung Stuttgarter Lehrhaus für interreligiösen Dialog.
description: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext, Nr. 03 (2017): Lernen in Judentum und Christentum - und darüber hinaus
Die sieben noachitischen Gebote – sieben fundamentale Gebote
Creators: name: Soussan, Benjamin David
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext
Year: 2021

description: »Als aber der E-wige sah, dass der Menschen Bosheit groß war auf Erden und alles Dichten und Trachten ihres Herzens nur böse war immerdar, da reute es ihn, dass er die Menschen gemacht hatte auf Erden, und es bekümmerte ihn in seinem Herzen und er sprach: Ich will die Menschen, die ich geschaffen habe, vertilgen von der Erde, vom Menschen an bis hin zum Vieh und bis zum Gewürm und bis zu den Vögeln unter dem Himmel; denn es reut mich, dass ich sie gemacht habe. Aber Noah fand Gnade vor dem E-wigen.« 2 Für Juden sind die mosaischen Gebote, die am Sinai gegeben wurden, bis heute verbindlich. Geteilt sind sie in die fünf Bücher Moses. Sie beinhalten 613 Gebote. 3 Davon sind 248 positive Gebote, den Gliedern des menschlichen Körpers entsprechend, und 365 Verbote, der Anzahl der Tage des Sonnenjahres entsprechend. Jedes Glied seines Körpers spornt den Menschen an, Gutes zu tun, und täglich wird er gewarnt, Sünden zu begehen. Alle Tariag Mizwot- 613 Gebote sind immer zu erfüllen, solange keine Bedrohung für unser Leben vorhanden ist, außer bei drei Geboten, bei denen wir uns für einen Märtyrertod entscheiden müssen4: Im Söller des Hauses Nithza in Lud stimmten sie ab und beschlossen, dass, wenn man jemand bei Todesandrohung zwingt, eine aller in der Torah genannten Sünden zu begehen, er sie begehe und sich nicht töten lasse. Davon ausgenommen sind Götzendienst, Unzucht und Mord. Ihr Tod wird als Märtyrertod angesehen, »nehergu al Kiddusch Haschem «, sie opferten ihr Leben für die Heiligung Seines Namens. Die Zehn Gebote bzw. die Zehn Worte, der sogenannte Dekalog, sind in den gesamten 613 Geboten eingeschlossen. Sie sind nicht mehr oder minder wichtig als die restlichen Gebote. Ohne Gebote und ohne Gesetze wird die Welt ins Chaos stürzen. Anarchie wird überall sein. Gewalt, Raub und Mord werden unsere Tagesordnung begleiten. Deshalb hat G“tt nach der Schöpfung der Welt Adam ein Gebot gegeben:6 »Und G“tt der E-wige gebot dem Menschen und sprach: Du darfst essen von allen Bäumen im Garten, aber von dem Baum der Erkenntnis des Guten und Bösen sollst du nicht essen; denn an dem Tage, da du von ihm isst, musst du sterben.« Da Adam versagte und von dem Baum der Erkenntnis ass, wurde er aus dem Paradies vertrieben. Von diesem Vers leiten die Rabbiner sechs Gebote ab: » 1 – G“tt (Götzendienst) 2 – E-wige (G“tteslästerung) 3 – gebot (Gerichtssystem) 4 – Menschen (Mord) 5 – sprach (Unzucht) 6 – von allen Bäumen darfst du essen (Diebstahl im Garten), aber von dem Baum der Erkenntnis des Guten und Bösen sollst du nicht essen; denn an dem Tage, da du von ihm isst, musst du sterben.«
description: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext, Nr. 03 (2017): Lernen in Judentum und Christentum - und darüber hinaus
Das Portal des Psalters (Ps 1). Rabbinisch-benediktinische Betrachtungen
Creators: name: Krochmalnik, Daniel
name: Brüggenthies, Sr. Raphaela
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext
Year: 2021

description: Bau des Psalms Psalm 1 hat man als »Portal« des Psalters bezeichnet. Wie das Niemand trete ein, der nicht Geometer ist über dem Eingang der Akademie, so wird in diesem Eingangspsalm das biometrische Suchbild des Berechtigten gezeichnet – und sein Gegenbild. Das »Wohl dem Mann« (makarios aner LXX) hängt von da an über vielen Pforten. So beginnt die Bergpredigt Jesu mit den Makarismen (Mt 5,3-11) und die eröffnende Sure des Qurans unterscheidet gleichfalls »den Pfad derer, denen Du gnädig bist« von dem »derer, denen Du zürnst und nicht derer, die in die Irre gehen« (Vers 7) – um nur zwei Beispiele zu nennen, die sich durch zahlreiche »Wohl-denen«-Lieder vermehren ließen (Ev. Gesangbuch 1994, Nr. 295). Der Dualismus der zwei Wege ohne Mittelweg, der des Frommen (Zaddik) und der des Frevlers (Rascha), wird auch im Aufbau des Psalms abgebildet. Der Psalm besteht aus 6 Versen, 3 davon sind dem Weg des Frommen und 3 dem Weg des Frevlers gewidmet bzw. dem Standpunkt Gottes, der den Weg des einen (Derech Zadikkim) vom Weg des anderen (Derech Reschaim) unterscheiden kann – eine Mitte gibt es nicht. In der Doppelmitte, den beiden Versen 3 und 4 stehen sich vielmehr die beiden Bilder der einen und der anderen schroff gegenüber: ein Baum (Ez), der nie welkt, auf der einen, die Spreu (Moz), die vom Winde verweht wird, auf der anderen Seite. Natürlich wahrt der Psalmist auch in formaler Hinsicht keine Äquidistanz zu beiden Lebensformen, bei aller Symmetrie gibt es auch formale Asymmetrien zugunsten des Frommen. Im Psalm kommt das Relativpronomen Ascher, welcher, das ein Homonym von Ascher, wohl, selig, glücklich in der Überschrift ist, 4 x vor, entsprechend kommt das homophone Kehrwort Rascha (A-Sch- R/R-Sch-A) genau 4 x vor, aber über allem steht als fünftes Vorkommnis von Ascher, die Seligpreisung, Aschre dem Menschen, welcher, welcher, welcher… . Zum gleichen Ergebnis kommt man, wenn man nicht von der Vers-Zählung (Stichometrie) sondern von der Kola-Zählung (Kolometrie) ausgeht, wenn man also den Psalm wie in den alten Handschriften in Hemistichoi nach den stärksten Semikola abteilt, welche zugleich die hauptsächlichen Sinneinschnitte markieren, die beim Psalmodieren durch Stimmflexionen und Interpunktionsmelismen angezeigt werden.
description: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext, Nr. 03 (2017): Lernen in Judentum und Christentum - und darüber hinaus
Avital Ben-Chorin (1923 – 2017). Nachruf
Creators: name: Beck, Monika
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext
Year: 2021

description: Am 6. Oktober 2017 verstarb Avital Ben-Chorin, Witwe vonSchalom Ben-Chorin. Sie durfte »mit diesem faszinierenden Mann« über ein halbes Jahrhundert verbringen und in erster Linie habe sie ihn »bekocht«.2 Zu bescheiden, wenn man daran denkt, dass bei den Mahlzeiten, beginnend mit dem gemütlichen Frühstück, so manche Gedanken ausgetauscht wurden, woraus später ein Werk hervorging. Als Frau Ben-Chorin, bereits achtzigjährig 2003 in der Bischöflichen Akademie Aachen einen Vortrag hielt, würdigte sie der damalige Akademiedirektor Hans-Hermann Henrix mit den Worten: »Die Lebensleistung von Schalom Ben-Chorin ist ohne seine Frau Avital nicht denkbar. Die Bildung, Persönlichkeit und Weltgewandtheit von ihr haben ihrem Mann die Wirkungsmöglichkeit gewährleistet. Sie war mehr als Voraussetzung, sie war nämlich wichtiger Bestandteil und Grundzug seines Wirkens und seiner Wirkung.« 3 Als Fritz Rosenthal wurde der große Religionsphilosoph, Brückenbauer des christlich-jüdischen Dialogs und Dichter am 20. Juli 1913 in München geboren. Die deutsch-jüdische Symbiose war noch im vollen Gange, doch der Antisemitismus loderte im Untergrund und schlug zu mit dem versuchten Hitlerputsch 1923. Das wirkte beängstigend auf den Zehnjährigen, der das Haus wegen des aufgebrachten Pöbels nicht verlassen konnte. Damals wurde ihm sein Judesein als Anderssein bewusst. Sein Studium der Germanistik und vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft sowie Theologie und Philosophie an der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität hatten die Machthaber im Jahr 1934 verboten. Als Jugendlicher schloss er sich der zionistischen Jugendbewegung an und nannte sich ab 1931 Schalom Ben-Chorin (Friede, Sohn der Freiheit). Bei der zionistischen Bewegung traf er zum ersten Mal Martin Buber. 1935 schlugen ihn die Nazischergen auf offener Straße zusammen. Ein Verbleib in Deutschland war gefährlich. Doch Ben-Chorin schickte die von seiner in Argentinien lebenden Schwester erhaltene Schiffkarte zurück. Er ging nach Eretz Israel, in das damalige Britisch Palästina, wohin ihn »der Kompass seines Herzens zog«.4 In Jerusalem bewegte sich der Neuankömmling im Kreis deutsch-jüdischer Persönlichkeiten wie Martin Buber, Max Brod oder der Dichterin Else Lasker-Schüler. Die meisten von ihnen blieben in der deutschen Sprache haften, die angesichts der Geschehnisse in Deutschland mehr Stiefmutter- als Muttersprache war. Besonders mit seinem Mentor und Lehrer Buber verband Ben-Chorin eine tiefe Freundschaft, woraus das Buch Zwiesprache mit Martin Buber entstand. Ein guter Freund war auch Max Brod, dessen Jesusroman Der Meister den Anstoß für Ben-Chorins meist gelesenes Werk Bruder Jesus – Der Nazarener aus jüdischer Sicht gab.
description: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext, Nr. 03 (2017): Lernen in Judentum und Christentum - und darüber hinaus
Helicity-dependent extension of the McLerran-Venugopalan model
Creators: name: Cougoulic, Florian
name: Kovchegov, Yuri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a generalization of the McLerran-Venugopalan (MV) model including helicity effects for a longitudinally polarized target (a proton or a large nucleus). The extended MV model can serve as the initial condition for the helicity generalization of the JIMWLK evolution equation constructed in our previous paper, as well as for calculation of helicity-dependent observables in the quasi-classical approximation to QCD.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures. v2 Typos and comments
On the Vacuum Polarization Density Caused by an External Field
Creators: name: Hainzl, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider an external potential, $-λϕ$, due to one or more nuclei. Following the Dirac picture such a potential polarizes the vacuum. The polarization density as derived in physics literature, after a well known renormalization procedure, depends decisively on the strength of $λ$. For small $λ$, more precisely as long as the lowest eigenvalue, $e_1(λ)$, of the corresponding Dirac operator stays in the gap of the essential spectrum, the integral over the density vanishes. In other words the vacuum stays neutral. But as soon as $e_1(λ)$ dives into the lower continuum the vacuum gets spontaneously charged with charge $ 2e$. Global charge conservation implies that two positrons were emitted out of the vacuum, this is, a large enough external potential can produce electron-positron pairs. We give a rigorous proof of that phenomenon.
description: proofs corrected
MIGNEX Background Paper D2.4: Empirical assessments of the development impacts of migration
Creators: name: Andersson, Lisa
name: Siegel, Melissa
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2019

description: Measuring the impact of migration on development implies fundamental and wide-ranging conceptual and methodological considerations. This background paper reviews key concepts and methodological approaches to date and provides suggestions for future research.

Key Takeaways

Investigating the development impacts of migration using a holistic, multi-dimensional approach would add value to existing evidence.

Without experimental data, researchers can include design features such as retrospective data and collection of complementary community-level data to reduce estimation bias

due to self-selection.

Future research can fill an important gap by collecting and analysing data related to the development impacts of involuntary immobility.
Evaluates the effectiveness of the new algorithm with the Spot4 image and the new method can increase the accuracy of all layers, especially those of smaller than 1 pixel............ Sử dụng mạng neuron Hopfield tăng cường độ chính xác nhận dạng đối tượng có kích thước nhỏ hơn 1 pixel trên ảnh phổ
Creators: name: Thanh, Tung Dang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physical Geography
subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40106 Cloud Physics

description: In the field of remote sensing, soft classification is considered to have higher accuracy than hard classification. For the super-resolution, the Hopfield neuron network was used to perform an optimization problem in determining the position of the layer in each pixel. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the new algorithm with the Spot4 image and the new method can increase the accuracy of all layers, especially those of smaller 1 pixel.
Superradiance from Lattice-Confined Atoms inside Hollow Core Fibre
Creators: name: Okaba, Shoichi
name: Yu, Deshui
name: Vincetti, Luca
name: Benabid, Fetah
name: Katori, Hidetoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unravelling superradiance, also known as superfluorescence, relies on an ensemble of phase-matched dipole oscillators and the suppression of inhomogeneous broadening. Here we report on a novel superradiance platform that combines an optical lattice free from the ac Stark shift and a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre, enabling an extended atom-light interaction over $2 \mathrm{mm}$ free from the Doppler effect. This system allows controlling the atom spatial distribution and spectral homogeneity whilst efficiently coupling the radiation field to an optical fibre. The experimentally-observed and theoretically-corroborated temporal, spectral and spatial dynamic behaviours of the superradiance, e.g., superradiance ringing and density-dependent frequency shift, demonstrate a unique interplay between the trapped atoms and the fibre-guided field with multiple transverse modes. Our theory indicates the resulting temporal evolution of the guided light shows a minimal beam radius of $3.1 \mathrm{μm}$ that is three times smaller than that of the lowest-loss fibre mode.
description: 41 pages, 8 figures in total, the first 30 pages and 6 figures are main article and the remaining pages and figures are supplemental material
title: Monomania: The Life and Death of a Psychiatric Idea in Nineteenth-Century Fiction 1836-1860
Creators: name: Stewart, Lindsey
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2018

description: This thesis is about the nineteenth-century psychiatric idea, monomania, in medical, literary and popular discourse from 1836-1860. I examine patient case-notes from the Bethlem, York Retreat and Surrey County Pauper Asylum to establish that the experiential or ‘real’ narratives of monomaniacs confirm the category’s initial confusion with melancholia, and then its conflation with social commentary. Used sparingly in clinical practice, physicians account for a range of anti-social behaviour with its deployment as a diagnosis. However, I argue that it is in the literature of the day that the idea is most widely celebrated. Demonstrating its variant, unstable meanings, the texts I read use monomania explicitly. They include works by the Brontë sisters, Elizabeth Gaskell and George Eliot, neglected thriller pieces by Dinah Craik, the pseudonymous ‘Thomas Waters’, and an anonymously authored story from The Ladies’ Cabinet of Fashion, Music and Romance. These works all pre-date monomania’s more well-known later incarnations by Wilkie Collins and Charles Reade. I argue that the idea’s popularisation followed a temporal arc which had three phases: in its rising phase (up to the McNaughtan trial in 1843) it generally referred to a pathological excess of passion, at its peak it was inflected with ideas of moral decrepitude, criminality and incarcerable insanity, and its demise saw it coupled with notions of monstrosity and an inverse, mechanistic lack of emotionality. I examine its parallel literary utilisation in constructing ideas of disproportion and transgression in relation to the emotions, as well as the construction of pathogenic environments (notably in Mary Barton (1848)) which gave rise to what the Victorians styled as ‘diseases of the mind’. In Charlotte Brontë’s Villette (1853) and George Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss (1860), the condition was reprised to evoke both period detail and the self-disciplining agendas of their heroines. A novelistic ‘diagnosis’ of monomania is a point of crisis in these texts, drawing attention to attempts to silence ‘extravagant’ emotion. In its second phase, I contend that its courtroom utility associates literary monomania with masculine, controlling behaviours. Periodical stories use it to signal topicality and educate readers on this new ‘contagion’, modifying the disease’s symptoms to suit their readerships. Unlike the pre-nineteenth-century trope of melancholy as a too-feeling subjectivity (which is still in evidence in the Brontë sisters’ novels), this ‘second-phase’ monomania suggests that too much masculine feeling might quickly disrupt the domestic space. The idea’s afterlife as a form of degenerative criminality, can be traced through to stories such as Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Adventure of the Six Napoleons (1904) in which the villain’s alleged monomania co-exists with abnormal simian agility and an outsized jaw.
title: Integrated Study Of Dinoflagellate Diversity In The Gulf of Naples
Creators: name: Mordret, Solenn
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2018

description: Dinoflagellates are a diverse lineage of protists known as an essential component of marine planktonic communities. To study their seasonal diversity at the LTER-MC station in the Gulf of Naples, I used high throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding of the V4 region in the 18S rDNA. To taxonomically identify the metabarcode sequences, I established a database, called DinoREF, of taxonomically verified and nomenclaturally updated 18S reference barcodes with associated metadata. The reference sequences were organised into Superclades based on phylogenetics and higher taxonomic treatment. DinoREF contains 1,671 sequences for 422 species and covering 22% of the described species. The database revealed that the V4 region alone cannot discriminate between some morphologically and genetically distinct species or genera. Moreover, many species and genera were collapsed together when clustered into 98% similarity OTUs. For the metabarcoding, dinoflagellate HTS V4 reads were gathered from 48 environmental DNA samples taken over three years at LTER-MC. Results of a-taxonomic cluster analysis showed three principal seasonal clusters, one with winter samples (16% of reads), one with mainly spring-summer samples (62%) and one with late summer-autumn samples (22%). Sorting reads into ribotypes and assigning them with DinoREF to taxa showed that reads belonging to the Gyrodinium, Gymnodiniales and Gonyaulacales Superclades were the most abundant. Winter samples were characterised by specific taxa thriving only in cold season. Results revealed 85 new records and detected 26 potentially toxic species for the Gulf of Naples. Many dinoflagellate genera such as Tripos are underrepresented in DinoREF because many species cannot be cultured. I applied single cell imaging, PCR and sequencing to gather 18S and 28S for 22 Tripos species. Using 18S V4 region as barcode I assessed the seasonal abundances of these species. Some were common all year whereas others showed distinct seasonality, mainly occurring in winter.
Perfectionism, social exclusion, and anorexia nervosa symptoms
Creators: name: McGee, Brandy Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Anorexia nervosa affects between 0.5% and 1% of the population and kills young women at a rate 10 times higher than the normal population (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2003; Hoek, 2006). Perfectionism has long been recognized as a risk factor for the disorder, but that relationship is not well understood. We conducted a longitudinal experimental study to examine the effect of multidimensional perfectionism on state symptoms of anorexia nervosa under conditions of social acceptance, social exclusion, and a control condition. In addition to testing a diathesis-stress model of anorectic symptoms, we also explored whether rejected affect mediated that relationship. The concurrent results indicated that both trait perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation were predictive of affective, cognitive, and self-evaluative symptoms of anorexia. However, only perfectionistic self-promotion and nondisplay of imperfection predicted concurrent symptoms beyond the variance accounted for by the Big Five personality traits. The longitudinal findings suggested that perfectionistic self-presentation predicted a worsening of cognitive and self-evaluative anorectic symptoms over time. By itself, neither trait perfectionism, nor perfectionistic self-presentation was predictive of concurrent eating behavior or change in eating behavior over time. Tests of the diathesis-stress model indicated that both trait perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation interacted with level of belongingness to predict change in state symptoms of anorexia nervosa. However, the different dimensions of perfectionism were predictive o f different aspects of the anorectic experience. For example, socially prescribed perfectionism interacted with social feedback condition to predict increasing dietary restriction, whereas self-oriented perfectionism interacted with social feedback condition to predict change in state self-esteem, and perfectionistic self-promotion interacted with level of belongingness to predict a worsening of anorectic thoughts. Moreover, with one exception, social acceptance had a negative effect for highly perfectionistic individuals. Tests of the mediated moderation model revealed that rejected affect mediates the relationship between perfectionistic self-promotion and anorectic thoughts about rigid weight regulation in the context of social exclusion. The results are discussed with respect to existing models of anorectic symptom development and implications for treatment and future research.
From trivial to topological paramagnets: The case of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2^3$ symmetries in two dimensions
Creators: name: Dupont, Maxime
name: Gazit, Snir
name: Scaffidi, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we map out the phase diagram of Hamiltonians interpolating between trivial and non-trivial bosonic symmetry-protected topological phases, protected by $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2^3$ symmetries, in two dimensions. In all cases, we find that the trivial and the topological phases are separated by an intermediate phase in which the protecting symmetry is spontaneously broken. Depending on the model, we identify a variety of magnetic orders on the triangular lattice, including ferromagnetism, $\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}$ order, and stripe orders (both commensurate and incommensurate). Critical properties are determined through a finite-size scaling analysis. Possible scenarios regarding the nature of the phase transitions are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
Hadron Multiplicity in Semi-Inclusive Lepton-Nucleon and Lepton-Nucleus Scattering
Creators: name: Benhar, O.
name: Fantoni, S.
name: Lykasov, G. I.
name: Sukhatme, U.
name: Uzhinsky, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss multi-hadron production in both inelastic neutrino-nucleon interactions in the current fragmentation region and neutrino-nucleus collisions in the target fragmentation region. Our analysis, carried out within the framework of the quark-gluon string model, is mainly focused on the difference between these two processes. We show that the $Q^2$ dependence of hadron multiplicity in the current and target fragmentation regions is indeed completely different. The study of inelastic $ν-A$ scattering in the target fragmentation region also provides new information on nuclear structure at small $N-N$ distances. The results of the proposed approach are in satisfactory agreement with the data recently obtained at CERN by the NOMAD Collaboration.
description: Talk delivered a the Fourth International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics (ICTP, Trieste, Italy, May 2003). To be published in the Proceedings (EPJA)