cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint can be diagnosed earlier using biomarkers and machine learning
Creators: name: Paniagua, B.
name: Giannobile, W.
name: Zhu, H.
name: Ashman, L.
name: Soroushmehr, R.
name: Walker, D.
name: Li, T.
name: Styner, M.
name: de Oliveira Ruellas, A.C.
name: Sugai, J.
name: Benavides, E.
name: Najarian, K.
name: Gonçalves, J.R.
name: Bianchi, J.
name: Yatabe, M.
name: Prieto, J.C.
name: Cevidanes, L.H.S.
name: Soki, F.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2020

description: After chronic low back pain, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) disorders are the second most common musculoskeletal condition affecting 5 to 12% of the population, with an annual health cost estimated at $4 billion. Chronic disability in TMJ osteoarthritis (OA) increases with aging, and the main goal is to diagnosis before morphological degeneration occurs. Here, we address this challenge using advanced data science to capture, process and analyze 52 clinical, biological and high-resolution CBCT (radiomics) markers from TMJ OA patients and controls. We tested the diagnostic performance of four machine learning models: Logistic Regression, Random Forest, LightGBM, XGBoost. Headaches, Range of mouth opening without pain, Energy, Haralick Correlation, Entropy and interactions of TGF-β1 in Saliva and Headaches, VE-cadherin in Serum and Angiogenin in Saliva, VE-cadherin in Saliva and Headaches, PA1 in Saliva and Headaches, PA1 in Saliva and Range of mouth opening without pain; Gender and Muscle Soreness; Short Run Low Grey Level Emphasis and Headaches, Inverse Difference Moment and Trabecular Separation accurately diagnose early stages of this clinical condition. Our results show the XGBoost + LightGBM model with these features and interactions achieves the accuracy of 0.823, AUC 0.870, and F1-score 0.823 to diagnose the TMJ OA status. Thus, we expect to boost future studies into osteoarthritis patient-specific therapeutic interventions, and thereby improve the health of articular joints.
The Clinical Role and Activity of Advanced Clinicians in the Out-of-Hospital Environment
Creators: name: Deaver, Kyle S.
name: Cone, David C.
name: Rhone, Aaron M.
name: Kupas, Douglas F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Hematology

description: Objective: Recent evolution of the EMS system has resulted in an increased role for specially trained advanced clinicians (physicians, physician assistants, and registered nurses) in out-of-hospital field response. Despite this expansion into the out-of-hospital environment there is a lack of data regarding the actual clinical roles and activity of these clinicians in the United States. We seek to describe the clinical roles of advanced clinicians in the field through description of skills used during both 9-1-1 field responses and interfacility transports in the state of Pennsylvania. Methods: Our data were taken from existing Pennsylvania Department of Health EMS records for all 9-1-1 and interfacility requests for service from January 2018 through June 2020. Descriptive statistics were applied to skills used, medications administered, clinician activity data, and patient demographics for each clinician type in four response categories: 9-1-1 air, 9-1-1 ground, interfacility air, and interfacility ground. Results: There were few statistically significant differences in skill or medication usage between clinician types. There were no statistically significant differences in level of skills (basic life support, ALS, or specialty skills) performed between clinician levels. Patient demographics for each clinician type were similar. Conclusions: Our findings indicate advanced clinicians provide care at the ALS and specialty care levels in similar patient populations with little difference in the roles between clinician types in the out-of-hospital environment. Our data demonstrate successful integration of advanced clinicians into the out-of-hospital environment in Pennsylvania and provide a framework for future planning and expansion of these roles and responsibilities.
Modulational instability in dispersion-kicked optical fibers
Creators: name: Nodari, S. Rota
name: Conforti, M.
name: Dujardin, G.
name: Kudlinski, A.
name: Mussot, A.
name: Trillo, S.
name: De Bièvre, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, both theoretically and experimentally, modulational instability in optical fibers that have a longitudinal evolution of their dispersion in the form of a Dirac delta comb. By means of Floquet theory, we obtain an exact expression for the position of the gain bands, and we provide simple analytical estimates of the gain and of the bandwidths of those sidebands. An experimental validation of those results has been realized in several microstructured fibers specifically manufactured for that purpose. The dispersion landscape of those fibers is a comb of Gaussian pulses having widths much shorter than the period, which therefore approximate the ideal Dirac comb. Experimental spontaneous MI spectra recorded under quasi continuous wave excitation are in good agreement with the theory and with numerical simulations based on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Characteristics and Experiences of Women Physicians and Professionals in NAEMSP
Creators: name: Staats, Katherine
name: Counts, Catherine R.
name: Dyer, K. Sophia
name: Stemerman, Rachel
name: Braithwaite, Sabina
name: Luke, Anuradha
name: Mercer, Mary P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Introduction: One of the six guiding principles of the EMS Agenda 2050 is to foster a socially equitable care delivery system. A specific recommendation within this principle is that “local EMS leadership, educators and clinicians [should] reflect the diversity of their communities.” Research has shown that women comprise a minority of emergency medicine services (EMS) field clinicians. In academic settings, women are represented at lower rates among experienced EMS faculty than within Emergency Medicine clinicians or faculty at large. The reasons for these differences are also unknown. Little data exist describing the number or experience of female physicians and professionals in EMS. Purpose: Our objective was to describe the composition and experiences of EMS physicians, researchers and professionals who participate in the Women in EMS group of the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, mixed-methods descriptive study of women belonging to the Women in EMS Committee of NAEMSP. A survey was sent to the 143 members of this group using a list-serve, and the data was collected in Redcap. Results: Seventy-four people completed the survey. Respondents were 96% female, 82% Caucasian, 11% underrepresented minorities (URM), and 7% LGBTQI. Of the 88% that are physicians, 78% are board certified in Emergency Medicine, compared to 55% in EMS. Forty-eight percent reported they received some form of mentorship. Among these respondents, a minority reported female mentorship, which was usually from a remote rather than local mentor (41% vs. 15%). Eighty-three percent of respondents had experienced some form of discrimination or harassment in their career, but only 68% reported their workplace culture discourages such behavior. Thirty-three percent of respondents report receiving unequal recognition because of gender. Thematic evaluation of the qualitative responses showed that respondents felt there were fewer barriers to mentorship and professional advancement opportunities in local work versus national engagement. Conclusions: In a survey evaluating representation of female professionals in EMS, participants reported on their career representations, and experiences of gender-based inequity within their EMS career settings. Several opportunities exist to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion for women in EMS based on our findings.
Maternal Cortisol Concentrations During Pregnancy and Sex-Specific Associations With Neonatal Amygdala Connectivity and Emerging Internalizing Behaviors
Creators: name: Wadhwa, P.D.
name: Fair, D.A.
name: Buss, C.
name: Rudolph, M.D.
name: Entringer, S.
name: Rasmussen, J.M.
name: Styner, M.
name: Ben Ward, E.
name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Graham, A.M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier USA
Year: 2019

description: Background: Maternal cortisol during pregnancy has the potential to influence rapidly developing fetal brain systems that are commonly altered in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Research examining maternal cortisol concentrations across pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment proximal to birth is needed to advance understanding in this area and lead to insight into the etiology of these disorders. Methods: Participants were 70 adult women recruited during early pregnancy and their infants born after 34 weeks gestation. Maternal cortisol concentrations were assessed serially over 4 days in early, mid, and late gestation. Resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging of the neonatal amygdala was examined. Mothers reported on children's internalizing behavior problems at 24 months of age. Results: Maternal cortisol concentrations during pregnancy were significantly associated with neonatal amygdala connectivity in a sex-specific manner. Elevated maternal cortisol was associated with stronger amygdala connectivity to brain regions involved in sensory processing and integration, as well as the default mode network in girls, and with weaker connectivity to these brain regions in boys. Elevated maternal cortisol was associated with higher internalizing symptoms in girls only, and this association was mediated by stronger neonatal amygdala connectivity. Conclusions: Normative variation in maternal cortisol during pregnancy is associated with the coordinated functioning of the amygdala soon after birth in a sex-specific manner. The identified pathway from maternal cortisol to higher internalizing symptoms in girls via alterations in neonatal amygdala connectivity may be relevant for the etiology of sex differences in internalizing psychiatric disorders, which are more prevalent in women.
title: Family Mise en Place
Creators: name: Whistler, Karen
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Design
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85037197
subject: Family
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00005743
subject: Cooking
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2010008400
subject: Food habits
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85050275
subject: Nutrition
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85093451

description: Using whole, unprocessed food (True Food) to make dinner for weeknights can often be a daunting task for busy families. There are several barriers that keep parents and children (ages 6-10) from cooking nutritious meals together on a regular basis—the main barrier being time. This thesis identified the narrow window of time between when a family arrives home and when they eat dinner as an opportunity to help members of the family to spend valuable time together. This research poses the question: Can a design system help families involve their six- to ten-year-old chidren in preparing True Foods for weeknight dinners? The result is Family Mise en Place, a set of collaborative Meal Cards. This collaborative cooking system seeks to organize meal preparation so children can contribute equally to cooking, supporting parents on busy weeknights. Family Mise en Place facilitates inclusive cross-generational cooking, helping families build dialogue and learn from one another. A secondary objective is to connect parents and children to the food they eat. Within this context, family members explore sustainability and health implicitly through the experience of cooking with True Foods. Family Mise en Place came together by pairing participant research with theories of systems thinking, constructivist learning and Information Interaction Design, supported by an investigation into the history of the North American food system. Research involved interviewing Current Parents (CP; those raising children ages 6-10) as well as Empty-Nesters (EN; those fifteen or more years removed from raising pre-teen children). It also involved a web survey of Current Parents and ethnographic cooking activities with Children (C). Finally, prototype testing consisted of observing families cooking together using the Meal Card prototypes. The outcome of this thesis is a toolkit that breaks the cooking experience into three stages: Gather, Prepare and Cook. Each stage is depicted through a Meal Framework, which is a series of Meal Cards that uses iconography children can understand, makes cooking accessible, and enables kids to contribute to preparing the family meal.
Polarization-induced phase separation and re-entrant transition of two component-fermions in a one-dimensional lattice
Creators: name: De Silva, Theja N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By investigating the compressibility of one-dimensional lattice fermions at various filling factors, we study the phase separation and re-entrant transition within the framework of the Bethe ansatz method. We model the system using the repulsive Hubbard model and calculate compressibility as a function of polarization for arbitrary values of chemical potential, temperature, and interaction strength. For filling factors $ 0 < n < 1$, compressibility is a non-monotonic function of polarization at all thermodynamic parameters. The compressibility reveals a phase transition into a phase-separated state for both low and intermediate temperatures at intermediate interactions as one increases the polarization. For certain filling factors, we find the re-entrant transition into the mixed phase at a higher polarization.
description: 7 pages and 5 figures
Associations between shoulder pain and functioning on the ICF checklist and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scale – a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Soberg, Helene L.
name: Engebretsen, Kaia B.
name: Juel, Niels G.
name: Roe, Yngve
name: Brox, Jens I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Purpose: The association between patients’ shoulder pain and functioning according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), and outcome on a condition specific patient reported outcome measure (PROM), has not been studied. The aim was to investigate how the most common problems on the ICF checklist were associated with shoulder function and disability. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional design 164 patients ≥ 18 years with chronic shoulder pain were included. The ICF checklist, the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) outcome measure and the Self-Report Comorbidity Questionnaire were used. A hierarchical regression model tested categories for functioning on the ICF checklist associated with disability on the DASH. Results: Mean age was 46.5 years, 54% were women. 85% had had the shoulder pain longer than 6 months. Mean DASH score was 33.2 points (SD 17.1). Adjusted R2 was 0.67. Older age, being woman and having a lower education explained 22% of the variance on the DASH. The body functions bodily pain, mobility of joints and energy and drive function explained 30% of the variance, and the activities and participation problems lifting and carrying objects, washing oneself and recreation and leisure explained an additional 13%. Conclusions: The shoulder disability was multi-dimensional and comprised body functions and activities and participation. And 67% of the variance in the DASH score was explained.Implications for rehabilitationPersistent shoulder pain results in multi-dimensional disability calling for a broader assessment of function.A biopsychosocial approach to shoulder pain and disability is recommended.Functioning assessed on the ICF checklist can be applied in the assessment of chronic shoulder pain as it contributes to the understanding of self-reported disability on a region specific outcome measure. Persistent shoulder pain results in multi-dimensional disability calling for a broader assessment of function. A biopsychosocial approach to shoulder pain and disability is recommended. Functioning assessed on the ICF checklist can be applied in the assessment of chronic shoulder pain as it contributes to the understanding of self-reported disability on a region specific outcome measure.
Restricted and Repetitive Behavior and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants at Risk for Developing Autism Spectrum Disorder
Creators: name: Estes, A.M.
name: McKinnon, C.J.
name: Gerig, G.
name: Evans, A.
name: Elison, J.T.
name: Snyder, A.Z.
name: Pandey, J.
name: IBIS Network
name: Schlaggar, B.L.
name: Adams, C.M.
name: Pruett, J.R., Jr.
name: Petersen, S.E.
name: Hazlett, H.C.
name: Schultz, R.T.
name: Piven, J.
name: Paterson, S.J.
name: Zwaigenbaum, L.
name: Todorov, A.
name: Botteron, K.N.
name: Eggebrecht, A.T.
name: Styner, M.A.
name: Dager, S.R.
name: Marrus, N.
name: Wolff, J.J.
name: McKinstry, R.C.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc
Year: 2019

description: Background: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs), detectable by 12 months in many infants in whom autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is later diagnosed, may represent some of the earliest behavioral markers of ASD. However, brain function underlying the emergence of these key behaviors remains unknown. Methods: Behavioral and resting-state functional connectivity (fc) magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 167 children at high and low familial risk for ASD at 12 and 24 months (n = 38 at both time points). Twenty infants met criteria for ASD at 24 months. We divided RRBs into four subcategories (restricted, stereotyped, ritualistic/sameness, self-injurious) and used a data-driven approach to identify functional brain networks associated with the development of each RRB subcategory. Results: Higher scores for ritualistic/sameness behavior were associated with less positive fc between visual and control networks at 12 and 24 months. Ritualistic/sameness and stereotyped behaviors were associated with less positive fc between visual and default mode networks at 12 months. At 24 months, stereotyped and restricted behaviors were associated with more positive fc between default mode and control networks. Additionally, at 24 months, stereotyped behavior was associated with more positive fc between dorsal attention and subcortical networks, whereas restricted behavior was associated with more positive fc between default mode and dorsal attention networks. No significant network-level associations were observed for self-injurious behavior. Conclusions: These observations mark the earliest known description of functional brain systems underlying RRBs, reinforce the construct validity of RRB subcategories in infants, and implicate specific neural substrates for future interventions targeting RRBs.
Inappropriate use of clinical practices in Spain: A scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Esteve, Olga Savall
name: Santero, Marilina
name: Lesmes, Irene Breton
name: Lazo, Camila Ignacia Quirland
name: Valera, Maria Rubio
name: Lou, Ignacio Aznar
name: Valencia, Marta Gutiérrez
name: Bonfill, Xavier
name: Solà, Ivan
name: Leache, Leire
name: De Miguel Diez, Javier
name: Requeijo, Carolina
name: De La Torre Pérez, Laura
name: Alamo Junquera, Maria Dolors
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Public Health
subject: Health Services Research
subject: appropriateness

description: Updated version of the scoping review protocol of potentially inappropriate practices in Spain.
NTD and immunization integration: Literature review
Creators: name: Sheahan, Will
name: Seth, Aparna
name: Lalika, Mathias
name: Lingappa, Jai
name: START Center
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2023

description: The goal of this project was to examine how the NTD platform (primarily through mass drug administration) could be utilized to inform the rollout of COVID vaccinations in sub-saharan Africa. The workflow primarily consisted of a three-pronged literature review, examining published literature in pubmed, grey literature obtained from BMGF, and a reverse search of citations in the identified grey literature. The results from the review were prepared in a slide deck presentation given to the BMGF NTDs team, Malaria team, and members of the Task Force for Global Health. Additionally, an excel database of compiled results, including key findings, was included as a secondary deliverable.
Observation of half-quantum vortices in topological superfluid 3He
Creators: name: Autti, S.
name: Dmitriev, V. V.
name: Mäkinen, J. T.
name: Soldatov, A. A.
name: Volovik, G. E.
name: Yudin, A. N.
name: Zavjalov, V. V.
name: Eltsov, V. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most sought-after objects in topological quantum matter systems is a vortex carrying half a quantum of circulation. They were originally predicted to exist in superfluid 3He-A, but have never been resolved there. Here we report an observation of half-quantum vortices (HQVs) in the polar phase of superfluid 3He. The vortices are created with rotation or by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism and identified based on their nuclear magnetic resonance signature. This discovery provides a pathway for studies of unpaired Majorana modes bound to the HQV cores in the polar-distorted A phase.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, version accepted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Pathogen genomic sequencing use cases in Africa
Creators: name: Mesic, Aldina
name: Adaobi Chine
name: LeDuc, Samantha
name: Drain, Paul
name: START Center
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2023

description: The overall aim of this project is to support strategic thinking surrounding use-cases to communicate the value of genomic sequencing in Africa. Specific objectives included: 1) Developing an approach to prioritizing PGS use cases based on a country's disease burden, public health priorities, and potential public health impact of PGS, using Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Uganda, Senegal, South Africa, and Morocco as case-studies; 2) Landscape use-cases of pathogen genomic sequencing that may be if greatest public health value in Africa; 3) And proposing an approach to estimating the economic value of investing in PGS capacity for public health in Africa. To complete these objectives, the START team met with key informants, reviewed academic and grey literature, researched infectious disease burden across countries, assessed current capacity, priorities, and needs across countries, compiled prior applications of PGS, and determined national, regional, and global priorities related to PGS. The team prepared a slide deck that can be used when Gina and others at the Foundation meet with in-country partners and collaborators as part of the Pathogen Genomics Initiative. Further, the team developed a tool which demonstrated the process of prioritizing use cases for the six countries of interest.
Structural disorder versus chiral magnetism in Cr$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$
Creators: name: Dyadkin, V.
name: Mushenok, F.
name: Bosak, A.
name: Menzel, D.
name: Grigoriev, S.
name: Pattison, P.
name: Chernyshov, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystal structure of a disordered form of Cr$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$ has been characterized using diffraction and inelastic scattering of synchrotron radiation. In contrast to the previously reported symmetry (P6$_3$22), the crystal can be described by a regular twinning of an average P6$_3$ structure with three disordered positions of the Cr ions. Short-range correlations of the occupational disorder result in a quite intense and structured diffuse scattering; a static nature of the disorder was unambiguously attributed by the inelastic x-ray scattering. The diffuse scattering has been modeled using a reverse Monte-Carlo algorithm assuming a disorder of the Cr sub-lattice only. The observed correlated disorder of the Cr sub-lattice reduces the temperature of the magnetic ordering from 130 K to 88 K and drastically modifies the field dependence of the magnetization as it is evidenced by the SQUID magnetometery. We conclude, that in contrast to the helicoidal spin structure assumed for P6$_3$22 form, the compound under study is ferromagnetically ordered with a pronounced in-plane anisotropy.
COVID-19 Vaccinations in EMS Professionals: Prevalence and Predictors
Creators: name: Gregory, Megan E.
name: Powell, Jonathan R.
name: MacEwan, Sarah R.
name: Kurth, Jordan D.
name: Kenah, Eben
name: Panchal, Ashish R.
name: McAlearney, Ann Scheck
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Immunizations for emergency medical services (EMS) professionals during pandemics are an important tool to increase the safety of the workforce as well as their patients. The purpose of this study was to better understand EMS professionals’ decisions to receive or decline a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of nationally certified EMS professionals (18–85 years) in April 2021. Participants received an electronic survey asking whether they received a vaccine, why or why not, and their associated beliefs using three validated scales: perceived risk of COVID-19, medical mistrust, and confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine. Data were merged with National Registry dataset demographics. Analyses included descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression (OR, 95% CI). Multivariate imputation by chained equations was used for missingness. Results: A total of 2,584 respondents satisfied inclusion criteria (response rate = 14%). Overall, 70% of EMS professionals were vaccinated. Common reasons for vaccination among vaccinated respondents were to protect oneself (76%) and others (73%). Common reasons for non-vaccination among non-vaccinated respondents included concerns about vaccine safety (53%) and beliefs that vaccination was not necessary (39%). Most who had not received the vaccine did not plan to get it in the future (84%). Hesitation was most frequently related to wanting to see how the vaccine was working for others (55%). Odds of COVID-19 vaccination were associated with demographics including age (referent <28 years; 39–50 years: 1.56, 1.17–2.08; >51 years: 2.22, 1.64–3.01), male sex (1.26, 1.01–1.58), residing in an urban/suburban area (referent rural; 1.36, 1.08–1.70), advanced education (referent GED/high school and below; bachelor’s and above: 1.72, 1.19–2.47), and working at a hospital (referent fire-based agency; 1.53, 1.04–2.24). Additionally, vaccination odds were significantly higher with greater perceived risk of COVID-19 (2.05, 1.68–2.50), and higher vaccine confidence (2.84, 2.40–3.36). Odds of vaccination were significantly lower with higher medical mistrust (0.54, 0.46–0.63). Conclusion: Despite vaccine availability, not all EMS professionals had been vaccinated. The decision to receive a COVID-19 vaccine was associated with demographics, beliefs regarding COVID-19 and the vaccine, and medical mistrust. Efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates should emphasize the safety and efficacy of vaccines.
A Carrington-like geomagnetic storm observed in the 21st century
Creators: name: Cid, C.
name: Saiz, E.
name: Guerrero, A.
name: Palacios, J.
name: Cerrato, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In September 1859 the Colaba observatory measured the most extreme geomagnetic disturbance ever recorded at low latitudes related to solar activity: the Carrington storm. This paper describes a geomagnetic disturbance case with a profile extraordinarily similar to the disturbance of the Carrington event at Colaba: the event on 29 October 2003 at Tihany magnetic observatory in Hungary. The analysis of the H-field at different locations during the "Carrington-like" event leads to a re-interpretation of the 1859 event. The major conclusions of the paper are the following: (a) the global Dst or SYM-H, as indices based on averaging, missed the largest geomagnetic disturbance in the 29 October 2003 event and might have missed the 1859 disturbance, since the large spike in the horizontal component (H) of terrestrial magnetic field depends strongly on magnetic local time (MLT); (b) the main cause of the large drop in H recorded at Colaba during the Carrington storm was not the ring current but field-aligned currents (FACs), and (c) the very local signatures of the H-spike imply that a Carrington-like event can occur more often than expected.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in SWSC
Geographical Information Science observatories, theoretical and methodological transitions
Creators: name: CLARAMUNT, Christophe
name: ADAMS, Benjamin
name: GAHEGAN, Mark
Publisher: name: Journal of Interdisciplinary Methodologies and Issues in Science - JIMIS-CNRS-Episciences-ESPACE-Agorantic
Year: 2020
Subjects: Geographical Information Science
Observatories
Knowledge transfer

description: Over the past decades geographical information science has been progressively recognized as a scientific field of its own. Initially starting from a purely engineering perspective, geographical information science is now based on a series of fundamental theories and methods that largely contribute to its recognition in academia. The objective of this paper is to make an argument for more study of the ecosystem of geographical information science through an observational framework, and to examine the processes and abstraction of the different communities that interact with information about geographical spaces. The main idea is to explore and further develop the concept of a geographical information science observatory, the objective of which is to focus not only on geographical information as such, but also and indeed primarily on the users of geographical information, their motivations, and the theoretical, methodological, and technological frameworks with which they develop their information.
Investigating soil carbon dynamic along land use change gradients in subtropicaland tropical grazing lands
Creators: name: Durcan, Rose
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2023

description: Tropical and subtropical forests play an important role in the carbon cycle. Being situated in warmer climates, these forests have the potential to sequester large amounts of soil carbon and mitigate against climate change. Despite this, due to increased demand for livestock and other agricultural products, deforestation followed by grazing in these climates have led to the emission of large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, and degradation of soils. In order to understand how soil carbon sequestration can be maximized in these environments in the future, it is imperative to understand the impacts of land use change on soil carbon dynamics and the complex interactions between soil characteristics and vegetation, something which is understudied in particular for the tropics and sub-tropics. This thesis aimed to investigate the impacts of land use conversion for grazing on soil carbon dynamics and soil quality through the analysis of existing data, and further detailed research into a subtropical dry forest ecosystem. A meta-analysis gathered existing data to investigate the impacts of grazing and land management practices on soil organic carbon and other soil properties in subtropical and tropical climates, identifying that low intensity grazing (into grazing lands through a chronosequence design over a land use transition in the Chaco, Argentina (Forest – Young Pasture (0-5 years) – Intermediate Pasture (10-15 years) – Old Pasture (>20 years), showed that deforestation decreases soil carbon stocks (0-50 cm)in the topsoil by 16 – 53%, alongside decreases in soil nitrogen (5 – 55%), total phosphorus (6 – 68%), and root biomass (68 – 82%). Whilst age of pasture did not impact soil C or N, total P was observed to increase by 46% between intermediate and old pastures. Deforestation in this region has increased pH and decreased electrical conductivity (by 8 – 13%, and 28 – 69% respectively), and increased the salinity and sodicity of these soils, with changes in the dominance of cations in sites with the loss of native vegetation. The analysis of phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) in soil samples – a proxy of microbial community composition showed that intermediate pastures had decreased total fungal and total gram-negative bacteria than forest soils in the topsoil, whereas in the subsoil total fungal PLFAs decreased in comparison to young pastures.
Supplementary document for Pump-guided Nonlinear Metasurfaces for Phase Conjugation - 6109813.pdf
Creators: name: Fu, Pengyu
name: Li, Yue
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90606 Photonics and Electro-Optical Engineering (excl. Communications)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Addtional simulation
Comparative assessment of myocarditis and pericarditis reporting rates related to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in Europe and the United States
Creators: name: Hatziantoniou, Sophia
name: Anastassopoulou, Cleo
name: Lazaros, George
name: Vasileiou, Konstantinos
name: Tsioufis, Costas
name: Tsakris, Athanasios
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: The novel mRNA vaccines proved to be safe and effective in averting severe COVID-19. Vaccine-related complications recorded by pharmacovigilance systems, such as ‘EudraVigilance’ in Europe and ‘VAERS’ in the United States (US), rarely include myocarditis and pericarditis. Given the novelty of the platform and the increasing global-scale vaccine production needs, we assessed their reporting rates comparatively across continents. Data of myocarditis and pericarditis cases post COVID-19 vaccination reported from week 52/2020 (December 21 to 27, 2020) to week 40/2021 (October 4 to 10, 2021) were collected for mRNA vaccines from EudraVigilance and VAERS. The corresponding administered vaccine doses were used as denominators to estimate reporting rates for comparison purposes. Cross-tabulation analysis was employed to compare the reporting rates of mRNA vaccines-associated myocarditis and pericarditis between EudraVigilance and VAERS. Low reporting rates of myocarditis (7.64/million vaccine doses) and pericarditis (5.32/million) were found, with higher rates of both disorders in EudraVigilance compared to VAERS; these differences were more pronounced post-mRNA-1273 (5-6-fold, p=0.000 for myocarditis and p<0.001 for pericarditis) than post-BNT162b2 vaccination (1.5-2-fold, p<0.001 for both conditions). Most myocarditis cases occurred in males <30 years. Pericarditis affected predominantly males <40 and both sexes >40 years. The extremely rare fatalities related to myocarditis (0.102/million) or pericarditis (0.017/million) were also higher in EudraVigilance versus VAERS. Understanding the underlying causes of the observed differences could provide guidance for the enhanced quality of mRNA vaccines that would also foster vaccine acceptance.
Individual differences in neonatal white matter are associated with executive function at 3 years of age
Creators: name: Steiner, R.J.
name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Willoughby, M.T.
name: Styner, M.
name: Camerota, M.
name: Short, S.J.
name: Stephens, R.L.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2019

description: The development of executive function (EF) in early childhood contributes to social and academic aspects of school readiness and facilitates emerging self-regulatory competence. Numerous efforts are underway to identify aspects of early brain development that contribute to emerging EF. Existing research supports the importance of multiple white matter tracts for EF in older children and adults. However, this research has not been extended to young children. In this study, we consider neonatal white matter microstructure in relation to children’s performance on a battery of EF tasks three years later. We obtained diffusion tensor imaging data from a sample of neonates (N = 27) shortly after birth. At 3 years of age, children completed a computerized battery of EF tasks. The primary data analyses involved regression models estimated for each white matter tract. Multiple demographic and measure-related covariates were included in each model. A follow-up analysis of tracts determined to be associated with EF examined individual data points along those fibers. Among the white matter tracts analyzed, the cingulum was significantly associated with EF at 3 years of age. Specifically, lower axial diffusivity values along the cingulum were associated with increased performance on the EF battery. Results are discussed as providing initial evidence that individual differences in neonatal brain structure may facilitate the acquisition of EF abilities in early childhood. These findings are consistent with previous research that supports the value of the cingulum for higher-order cognitive abilities. Cautions and implications of these results are considered.
Environmental influences on infant cortical thickness and surface area
Creators: name: Styner, M.
name: Zou, F.
name: Zhu, H.
name: Jha, S.C.
name: Xia, K.
name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Girault, J.B.
name: Shen, D.
name: Ahn, M.
name: Wang, L.
name: Knickmeyer, R.C.
name: Li, G.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: Cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) vary widely between individuals and are associated with intellectual ability and risk for various psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. Factors influencing this variability remain poorly understood, but the radial unit hypothesis, as well as the more recent supragranular cortex expansion hypothesis, suggests that prenatal and perinatal influences may be particularly important. In this report, we examine the impact of 17 major demographic and obstetric history variables on interindividual variation in CT and SA in a unique sample of 805 neonates who received MRI scans of the brain around 2 weeks of age. Birth weight, postnatal age at MRI, gestational age at birth, and sex emerged as important predictors of SA. Postnatal age at MRI, paternal education, and maternal ethnicity emerged as important predictors of CT. These findings suggest that individual variation in infant CT and SA is explained by different sets of environmental factors with neonatal SA more strongly influenced by sex and obstetric history and CT more strongly influenced by socioeconomic and ethnic disparities. Findings raise the possibility that interventions aimed at reducing disparities and improving obstetric outcomes may alter prenatal/perinatal cortical development.
Multivariate Oceanographic Extremes in Time and Space
Creators: name: Tendijck, Stan
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis contributes to the field of multivariate extremes. The work has been motivated by an application in oceanography to assess safety and reliability of offshore structures, vessels, and platforms, but we remark that the contents of the thesis are designed to be more generally applicable to other environmental or even financial applications. The model that forms the foundation for this work is the conditional extremes model Heffernan and Tawn (2004) in which the extremes of a multivariate random variable are modelled by conditioning on one of the variables being extreme. This model is called the Heffernan-Tawn model and it is one of the most flexible models for modelling extremes of multivariate random variables. We design a mixture model for significant wave height conditional on large wave periods in the North Sea by extending the Heffernan-Tawn model. Our extension helps with understanding the distribution of responses to offshore facilities or vessels that are dominated by resonance frequencies. A mixture model is necessary here because two types of waves are recorded in the North Sea: swell waves and wind sea waves; both of these can be associated to large wave periods. We calculate extremal properties of a model that is widely used by engineers in oceanographical applications. This model has a simple interpretation but is not motivated by extreme value theory. This led to the development of a mathematical toolset to calculate extremal characteristics for conditional models in general. This in turn allowed us to prove a new restriction on the space of the Heffernan-Tawn model parameters. Finally, we model the joint temporal evolution of oceanographic variables using an extension of the Heffernan-Tawn model to increase the understanding of what a $10,000$ year event would look like. This led to a generic formulation of a multivariate extremes temporal model.
Extracting quantum coherence via steering
Creators: name: Hu, Xueyuan
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the precious resource for quantum information processing, quantum coherence can be created remotely if the involved two sites are quantum correlated. It can be expected that the amount of coherence created should depend on the quantity of the shared quantum correlation, which is also a resource. Here, we establish an operational connection between coherence induced by steering and the quantum correlation. We find that the steering-induced coherence quantified by such as relative entropy of coherence and trace-norm of coherence is bounded from above by a known quantum correlation measure defined as the one-side measurement-induced disturbance. The condition that the upper bound saturated by the induced coherence varies for different measures of coherence. The tripartite scenario is also studied and similar conclusion can be obtained. Our results provide the operational connections between local and non-local resources in quantum information processing.
description: almost published version
SILICON PHOTOSENSITIZATION AND LIGHT HARVESTING USING LANGMUIR BLODGETT MONOLAYERS
Creators: name: Banks, Henry
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis looks at potential modifications to silicon wafers to reduce the amount of material required to absorb light energy and increase electron hole pair generation.1,2 To achieve this, the separation of the light absorption and electron hole pair generation is suggested so that the light absorbing component can be optimised independently. This is known as silicon photosensitization. To study this phenomenon light absorbing Langmuir Blodgett films were deposited onto silicon wafers and characterised using time resolved fluorescence techniques to estimate the light harvesting efficiency. Organic absorbing structures which can perform light harvesting were investigated using mixed monolayers of 3,3'-Dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiO) and 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiI) deposited on quartz glass slides in ratios of high donor (DiO) to low acceptor (DiI). Energy transfer was shown from DiO to DiI. An efficiency of 95% was calculated for a donor acceptor ratio of 1-1 and energy transfer was shown to occur up to the 100-1 ratio. Triplet state energy transfer directly to silicon from a Langmuir Blodgett monolayer was then investigated. Langmuir Blodgett monolayers of a Rhenium (ReC18) and Ruthenium (RuC18) complex were both found to transfer energy to unmodified silicon wafer. Using inert stearic acid spacer between the emitting layers and the surface of silicon to alter the distance, the change in phosphorescence emission as a function of distance from the surface on silicon was observed. Following on from this the photoluminescence of silicon wafers was studied. Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) was mixed in a 1-1 ratio with stearic acid and deposited on silicon passivated with aluminium oxide, the luminescence of silicon and TPP film was observed. Enhancement of the silicon luminescence was shown but was not repeatable. The TPP emission also showed reduction in intensity but enhancement of the lifetime. This thesis provides examples of silicon photosensitization which can be applied directly on the top of silicon wafers and shows the potential for an ultrathin device using sensitization.
Newborn amygdala connectivity and early emerging fear
Creators: name: Ramirez, J.S.B.
name: Rasmussen, J.M.
name: Entringer, S.
name: Marr, M.
name: Wadhwa, P.D.
name: Styner, M.
name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Buss, C.
name: Graham, A.M.
name: Fair, D.A.
name: Thomas, E.
name: Rudolph, M.D.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Connectivity between the amygdala, insula (Amygdala-aI) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (Amygdala-vmPFC) have been implicated in individual variability in fear and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. However, it is currently unknown to what extent connectivity between these regions in the newborn period is relevant for the development of fear and other aspects of negative emotionality (NE), such as sadness. Here, we investigate newborn Am-Ins and Am-vmPFC resting state functional connectivity in relation to developmental trajectories of fear and sadness over the first two years of life using data from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised (IBQ-R) and Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) (N=62). Stronger newborn amygdala connectivity predicts higher fear and sadness at 6-months-of-age and less change from 6 to 24-months-of-age. Interestingly, Am-Ins connectivity was specifically relevant for fear and not sadness, while Am-vmPFC was associated only with sadness. Associations remained consistent after considering variation in maternal sensitivity and maternal postnatal depressive symptomology. Already by the time of birth, individual differences in amygdala connectivity are relevant for the expression of fear over the first two-years-of-life. Additionally, specificity is observed, such that connections relevant for fear development are distinct from those predicting sadness trajectories.