cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the correlation between stellar activity and planetary surface gravity
Creators: name: Figueira, P.
name: Oshagh, M.
name: Adibekyan, V. Zh.
name: Santos, N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We re-evaluate the correlation between planetary surface gravity and stellar host activity as measured by the index log($R'_{HK}$). This correlation, previously identified by Hartman (2010), is now analyzed in light of an extended measurements dataset, roughly 3 times larger than the original one. Methods: We calculated the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the two quantities and its associated p-value. The correlation coefficient was calculated for both the full dataset and the star-planet pairs that follow the conditions proposed by Hartman (2010). In order to do so, we considered effective temperatures both as collected from the literature and from the SWEET-Cat catalog, which provides a more homogeneous and accurate effective temperature determination. Results: The analysis delivers significant correlation coefficients, but with a lower value than those obtained by Hartman (2010). Yet, the two datasets are compatible, and we show that a correlation coefficient as large as previously published can arise naturally from a small-number statistics analysis of the current dataset. The correlation is recovered for star-planet pairs selected using the different conditions proposed by Hartman (2010). Remarkably, the usage of SWEET-Cat temperatures leads to larger correlation coefficient values. We highlight and discuss the role of the correlation betwen different parameters such as effective temperature and activity index. Several additional effects on top of those discussed previously were considered, but none fully explains the detected correlation. In light of the complex issue discussed here, we encourage the different follow-up teams to publish their activity index values in the form of log($R'_{HK}$) index so that a comparison across stars and instruments can be pursued.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Equivalence Checking of Sequential Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Wang, Qisheng
name: Li, Riling
name: Ying, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a formal framework for equivalence checking of sequential quantum circuits. The model we adopt is a quantum state machine, which is a natural quantum generalisation of Mealy machines. A major difficulty in checking quantum circuits (but not present in checking classical circuits) is that the state spaces of quantum circuits are continuums. This difficulty is resolved by our main theorem showing that equivalence checking of two quantum Mealy machines can be done with input sequences that are taken from some chosen basis (which are finite) and have a length quadratic in the dimensions of the state Hilbert spaces of the machines. Based on this theoretical result, we develop an (and to the best of our knowledge, the first) algorithm for checking equivalence of sequential quantum circuits with running time $\mathcal{O}(2^{3m+5l}(2^{3m}+2^{3l}))$, where $m$ and $l$ denote the numbers of input and internal qubits, respectively. The complexity of our algorithm is comparable with that of the known algorithms for checking classical sequential circuits in the sense that both are exponential in the number of (qu)bits. Several case studies and experiments are presented.
description: Full version. 33 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, 1 algorithm
Modeling the Initial Stages of Si(100) Thermal Oxidation: An Ab-initio Approach
Creators: name: Cvitkovich, Lukas
name: Waldhör, Dominic
name: El-Sayed, Al-Moatassem
name: Jech, Markus
name: Wilhelmer, Christoph
name: Grasser, Tibor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon together with its native oxide SiO$_2$ was recognized as an outstanding material system for the semiconductor industry in the 1950s. In state-of-the-art device technology, SiO$_2$ is widely used as an insulator in combination with high-$k$ dielectrics such as HfO$_2$, demanding fabrication of ultra-thin interfacial layers. The classical standard model derived by Deal and Grove accurately describes the oxidation of Si in a progressed stage, however, strongly underestimates growth rates for thin oxide layers. Recent studies report a variety of oxidation mechanisms during the growth of oxide films in the range of \SI{10}{\angstrom} with various details still under debate. This paper presents a first-principles based approach to theoretically assess the thermal oxidation process of the technologically relevant Si(100) surfaceduring this initial stage. Our investigations range from the chemisorption of single O$_2$ molecules onto the $p(2\times2)$ reconstructed Si surface to oxidized Si surface layers with a thickness of up to \SI{20}{\angstrom}. The initially observed enhanced growth rate is assigned to barrierless O$_2$ chemisorption events upon which the oxygen molecule dissociate. We present strong evidence for an immediate amorphization of the oxide layer from the onset of oxidation. Surface reactions dominate until the surface is saturated with oxygen and separated from the Si substrate by a \SI{5}{\angstrom} transition region. The saturated surface becomes inert to dissociative reactions and enables the diffusion of molecular oxygen to the \interface interface as assumed within the Deal-Grove model. Further oxidation of the Si substrate is then provided by O$_2$ dissociations at the interface due to the same charge transfer process responsible for the chemisorption at the surface.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Memristors for the Curious Outsiders
Creators: name: Caravelli, Francesco
name: Carbajal, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present both an overview and a perspective of recent experimental advances and proposed new approaches to performing computation using memristors. A memristor is a 2-terminal passive component with a dynamic resistance depending on an internal parameter. We provide an brief historical introduction, as well as an overview over the physical mechanism that lead to memristive behavior. This review is meant to guide nonpractitioners in the field of memristive circuits and their connection to machine learning and neural computation.
description: Perpective paper for MDPI Technologies; 43 pages
Inverse Multview I: Multi-Calibrator inverse phase referencing for Microarcsecond VLBI Astrometry
Creators: name: Hyland, Lucas J.
name: Reid, Mark J.
name: Ellingsen, Simon P.
name: Rioja, Maria J.
name: Dodson, Richard
name: Orosz, Gabor
name: Masson, Colin R.
name: McCallum, Jamie M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) astrometry is a well established technique for achieving $\pm10~μ$as parallax accuracies at frequencies well above 10~GHz. At lower frequencies, uncompensated interferometer delays associated with the ionosphere play the dominant role in limiting the astrometric accuracy. Multiview is a novel VLBI calibration method, which uses observations of multiple quasars to accurately model and remove time-variable, directional-dependent changes to the interferometer delay. Here we extend the Multiview technique by phase referencing data to the target source ("inverse Multiview") and test its performance. Multiple observations with a four-antenna VLBI array operating at 8.3~GHz show single-epoch astrometric accuracies near $20~μ$as for target-reference quasar separations up to about 7 degrees. This represents an improvement in astrometric accuracy by up to an order of magnitude compared to standard phase referencing.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Social mobilizations and relations of power surrounding the entry of genetic engineered organisms
Creators: name: Gómez Becerra, Marlene
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Bio-hegemony
subject: social mobilization
subject: food regimes
subject: synergies of power
subject: Bio-hegemonia
subject: mobilizações sociais
subject: regimes alimentares
subject: sinergias de poder
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: This paper aims to review three books that inform us about the diverse relations of power and power asymmetries in the entry of genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) in countries like Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Canada. From a political economy and an agrarian and peasant studies perspective, the authors show that not only the set of rules of national institutions, global corporations, and the global market establish the basis that favor the entry of GEOs. Instead, the conjugation of power asymmetries performed by different actors in power, historical processes, and gender and race inequalities are the ones that trace the path for a realignment of the agrarian system supported by science and based on the stigmatization of social movements.
description: Este ensaio tem como objetivo revisar três livros que nos permitem compreender as diversas relações de poder que se escondem por trás da introdução de organismos modificados por engenharia genética em países como Argentina Brasil. A partir de uma perspectiva da economia política e dos estudos agrários, as autoras analisadas mostram que as entradas desses organismos em certos países não são apenas propiciadas pelas regras do regime alimentar e da economia. Em vez disso, a conjugação de assimetrias de poder nas mãos de diferentes atores, processos históricos e desigualdades de gênero e raciais abrem caminho para um reajuste do sistema agrário apoiado na ciência e baseado na estigmatização dos movimentos sociais.
description: Este ensayo tiene como objetivo revisar tres libros que nos permiten comprender las diversas relaciones de poder que se esconden detrás de la introducción de organismos modificados por ingeniería genética en países como Argentina, Brasil, México y Canadá. A partir de una perspectiva de la economía política y los estudios agrarios, las autoras revisadas muestran cómo no son únicamente las reglas del régimen corporativo alimentario y las reglas de la economía las que permiten la entrada de estos organismos a ciertos países. En cambio, la conjugación de las asimetrías de poder a manos de diferentes actores, procesos históricos y desigualdades de género y raza son los que trazan el camino para un reajuste del sistema agrario apoyado en la ciencia y basado en la estigmatización de los movimientos sociales.
Moderation of the assimilative effect of pairing despite opposition relation by the informative value of the relational information – (startstop2)
Creators: name: Nudler, Yahel
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Evaluative Conditioning
subject: Propositional Learning
subject: Associative Learning
subject: Relational Information
subject: Relational EC
subject: Attitudes

description: The purpose of the current Experiment is to test whether it is the variability in CS-US relations, or the inclusion of a similarity CS-US relation that cancels the assimilative effect of co-occurrence despite opposition relation, by adding an opposition relation of a different type (stop Vs. shrink) and examine whether it would still lead to an assimilative effect or whether the assimilative effect would be canceled or even turn into a contrast effect.
Maximal tori of monodromy groups of $F$-isocrystals and an application to abelian varieties
Creators: name: Ambrosi, Emiliano
name: D'Addezio, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F30, 14K15

description: Let $X_0$ be a smooth geometrically connected variety defined over a finite field $\mathbb F_q$ and let $\mathcal E_0^{\dagger}$ be an irreducible overconvergent $F$-isocrystal on $X_0$. We show that if a subobject of minimal slope of the associated convergent $F$-isocrystal $\mathcal E_0$ admits a non-zero morphism to $\mathcal O_{X_0}$ as a convergent isocrystal, then $\mathcal E_0^{\dagger}$ is isomorphic to $\mathcal O^{\dagger}_{X_0}$ as an overconvergent isocrystal. This proves a special case of a conjecture of Kedlaya. The key ingredient in the proof is the study of the monodromy group of $\mathcal E_0^{\dagger}$ and the subgroup defined by $\mathcal E_0$. The new input in this setting is that the subgroup contains a maximal torus of the entire monodromy group. This is a consequence of the existence of a Frobenius torus of maximal dimension. As an application, we prove a finiteness result for the torsion points of abelian varieties, which extends the previous theorem of Lang--Néron and answers positively a question of Esnault.
description: 19 pages; to appear in Algebraic Geometry
Fracture of silicate glasses: Micro-cavities and correlations between atomic-level properties
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Ispas, Simona
name: Kob, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use large-scale simulations to investigate the dynamic fracture of silica and sodium-silicate glasses under uniaxial tension. The stress-strain curves demonstrate that silica glass is brittle whereas the glasses rich in Na show pronounced ductility. A strong composition dependence is also seen in the crack velocity which is on the order of 1800 m/s for glasses with low Na concentration and decreases to 700 m/s if the concentration is high. We find that during the fracture of Na-rich glasses very irregular cavities as large as 3-4 nm form ahead of the crack front, indicating the presence of nanoductility in these glasses. Before fracture occurs, the local composition, structure, and mechanical properties are heterogeneous in space and show a strong dependence on the applied strain. Further analysis of the correlations between these local properties allows to obtain a better microscopic understanding of the deformation and fracture of glasses and how the local heating close to the crack tip, up to several hundred degrees, permits the structure to relax.
SAPPHIRE: Search for exotic parity-violation interactions with quantum spin amplifiers
Creators: name: Wang, Yuanhong
name: Huang, Ying
name: Guo, Chang
name: Jiang, Min
name: Kang, Xiang
name: Su, Haowen
name: Qin, Yushu
name: Ji, Wei
name: Hu, Dongdong
name: Peng, Xinhua
name: Budker, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum sensing provides sensitive tabletop tools to search for exotic spin-dependent interactions beyond the Standard Model, which has attracted great attention in theories and experiments. Here we develop a technique based on quantum Spin Amplifier for Particle PHysIcs REsearch (SAPPHIRE) to resonantly search for exotic interactions, specifically parity-odd spin-spin interactions. The present technique effectively amplifies the pseudomagnetic field generated by exotic interactions by a factor of about 200 while being insensitive to spurious external magnetic fields. Our studies, using such a quantum amplification technique, open the doors to exploring the parity-violation interactions mediated by Z' bosons in the challenging parameter space (force range between 3 mm and 0.1 km) and set the most stringent constraints on Z'-mediated electron-neutron couplings, significantly improving previous limits by up to five orders of magnitude. Moreover, our bounds on Z'-mediated couplings between nucleons reaches into a hitherto unexplored parameter space (force range below 1 m), complementing the existing astrophysical and laboratory studies.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Equivalence Checking of Quantum Finite-State Machines
Creators: name: Wang, Qisheng
name: Liu, Junyi
name: Ying, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce the model of quantum Mealy machines and study the equivalence checking and minimisation problems of them. Two efficient algorithms are developed for checking equivalence of two states in the same machine and for checking equivalence of two machines. As an application, they are used in equivalence checking of quantum circuits. Moreover, the minimisation problem is proved to be in $\textbf{PSPACE}$.
description: Minor corrections. 29 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables, 2 algorithms
Nematic twist-bend phase of a bent liquid crystal dimer: field-induced deformations of the helical structure, macroscopic polarization and fast switching speeds
Creators: name: Patranabish, Sourav
name: Sinha, Aloka
name: Kanakala, Madhu B.
name: Yelamaggad, Channabasaveshwar V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The twist-bend nematic (Ntb) phase is a recent addition to the nematic (N) phases of liquid crystals (LCs). A net polar order in the Ntb phase under an external electric field was predicted in several recent theoretical studies but yet to be experimentally realized. We investigated the polar nature, dielectric properties, electro-optical switching and optical transmission properties of a bent LC dimer CB7CB. The LC showed a relatively high-temperature nematic (N) phase and a lower-temperature nematic (NX) phase (also called Ntb in literature). A threshold-dependent polarization current response with large polarization values was obtained in the entire mesophase range. The associated switching times were found in sub-millisecond region. This ferroelectric-like polarization resulted from collective reorientation of polar cybotactic clusters. In NX phase, electric field-induced deformation of twisted helical structures also contributed to net polarization. Dielectric measurements confirmed the presence of cybotactic clusters via relaxation processes with large activation energies. Deformation of the NX helical structure under external electric field was corroborated by polarized optical microscopy and optical transmission studies. The field-induced deformations, net polar order and fast switching will contribute towards greater understanding of the NX (or Ntb) phase dynamics. It may also find applications in next-generation electro-optic devices.
description: Manuscript: 41 pages, 10 figures, 1 table; Supplementary Information (embedded with MS): 15 pages, 18 figures, 1 table, 4 videos. Video files are available from this link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TgVa57Leok3DllY2kuG2T2D9D0lOUih6?usp=sharing
Evidential Communities for Complex Networks
Creators: name: Zhou, Kuang
name: Martin, Arnaud
name: Pan, Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Community detection is of great importance for understand-ing graph structure in social networks. The communities in real-world networks are often overlapped, i.e. some nodes may be a member of multiple clusters. How to uncover the overlapping communities/clusters in a complex network is a general problem in data mining of network data sets. In this paper, a novel algorithm to identify overlapping communi-ties in complex networks by a combination of an evidential modularity function, a spectral mapping method and evidential c-means clustering is devised. Experimental results indicate that this detection approach can take advantage of the theory of belief functions, and preforms good both at detecting community structure and determining the appropri-ate number of clusters. Moreover, the credal partition obtained by the proposed method could give us a deeper insight into the graph structure.
Prospects for 21cm-Galaxy Cross-Correlations with HERA and the Roman High-Latitude Survey
Creators: name: La Plante, Paul
name: Mirocha, Jordan
name: Gorce, Adélie
name: Lidz, Adam
name: Parsons, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross-correlation between the 21 cm field and the galaxy distribution is a potential probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). The 21 cm signal traces neutral gas in the intergalactic medium and, on large spatial scales, this should be anti-correlated with the high-redshift galaxy distribution which partly sources and tracks the ionized gas. In the near future, interferometers such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) are projected to provide extremely sensitive measurements of the 21 cm power spectrum. At the same time, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) will produce the most extensive catalog to date of bright galaxies from the EoR. Using semi-numeric simulations of reionization, we explore the prospects for measuring the cross-power spectrum between the 21 cm and galaxy fields during the EoR. We forecast a 14$σ$ detection between HERA and Roman, assuming an overlapping survey area of 500 deg$^2$, redshift uncertainties of $σ_z = 0.01$ (as expected for the high-latitude spectroscopic survey of Ly$α$-emitting galaxies), and an effective Ly$α$ emitter duty cycle of $f_\mathrm{LAE} = 0.1$. Thus the HERA-Roman cross-power spectrum may be used to help verify 21 cm detections from HERA. We find that the shot-noise in the galaxy distribution is a limiting factor for detection, and so supplemental observations using Roman should prioritize deeper observations, rather than covering a wider field of view.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures, accepted at ApJ
Additional file 1 of Assessing factors associated with poor maternal mental health among mothers of children born small and sick at 24–47 months in rural Rwanda
Creators: name: Abimana, Marie Claire
name: Egide Karangwa
name: Hakizimana, Ibrahim
name: Kirk, Catherine M.
name: Beck, Kathryn
name: Miller, Ann C.
name: Havugarurema, Silas
name: Sadallah Bahizi
name: Uwamahoro, Alphonsine
name: Wilson, Kim
name: Nemerimana, Mathieu
name: Nshimyiryo, Alphonse
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Poster: The Unintended Consequences of Algorithm Agility in DNSSEC
Creators: name: Heftrig, Elias
name: Shulman, Haya
name: Waidner, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cryptographic algorithm agility is an important property for DNSSEC: it allows easy deployment of new algorithms if the existing ones are no longer secure. In this work we show that the cryptographic agility in DNSSEC, although critical for provisioning DNS with strong cryptography, also introduces a vulnerability. We find that under certain conditions, when new algorithms are listed in signed DNS responses, the resolvers do not validate DNSSEC. As a result, domains that deploy new ciphers may in fact cause the resolvers not to validate DNSSEC. We exploit this to develop DNSSEC-downgrade attacks and experimentally and ethically evaluate them against popular DNS resolver implementations, public DNS providers, and DNS services used by web clients worldwide. We find that major DNS providers as well as 45% of DNS resolvers used by web clients are vulnerable to our attacks.
description: This work has been accepted for publication at the ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS 22)
Microstructure and Continuous Phase Transition of the Gauss-Bonnet AdS Black Hole
Creators: name: Du, Yun-Zhi
name: Zhao, Hui-Hua
name: Zhang, Li-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase transition of the Gauss-Bonnet AdS black hole has the similar property with the van der Waals thermodynamic system. However, it is determined by the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient α, not only the horizon radius. Furthermore, the phase transition is not the pure one between a big black hole and a small black hole. With this issue, we introduce a new order parameter to investigate the critical phenomenonand to give the microstructure explanation of the Gauss-Bonnet AdS black hole phase transition. And the critical exponents are also obtained. At the critical pointof the Gauss-Bonnet AdS black hole, we reveal the microstructure of the black hole by investigating the thermodynamic geometry. These results perhaps provide some certain help to deeply explore the black hole microscopic structure and to build the quantum gravity.
description: 19 pages, 11figures
High-dimensional Automated Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning via Bayesian Optimization
Creators: name: Wang, Qingying
name: Wang, Ruoxi
name: Liu, Jiacheng
name: Jiang, Fan
name: Yue, Haizhen
name: Du, Yi
name: Wu, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiation therapy treatment planning can be viewed as an iterative hyperparameter tuning process to balance conflicting clinical goals. In this work, we investigated the performance of modern Bayesian Optimization (BO) methods on automated treatment planning problems in high-dimensional settings. 20 locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were retrospectively selected as test cases. We implemented an automated treatment planning framework that adjusts dose objectives and weights simultaneously, and tested the performance of two BO methods on the treatment planning task: one standard BO method (GPEI) and one BO method dedicated to high-dimensional problems (SAAS-BO). A random tuning method was also included as the baseline. We compared and analyzed the three automated methods' plan quality and planning efficiency and the different search patterns of the two BO methods. For the target structures, the SAAS-BO plans achieved comparable hot spot control ($p=0.43$) and homogeneity ($p=0.96$) with the clinical plans, significantly better than the GPEI and random plans ($p<0.05$). Both SAAS-BO and GPEI plans significantly outperformed the clinical plans in conformity and dose spillage ($p<0.05$). Compared with clinical plans, the treatment plans generated by the three automated methods all made reductions in evaluated dosimetric indices for the femoral head and the bladder. The analysis of the underlying predictive models has shown that both BO procedures have identified similar important planning parameters. This work implemented a BO-based hyperparameter tuning framework for automated treatment planning. Both tested BO methods were able to produce high-quality treatment plans and the model analysis also confirmed the intrinsic low dimensionality of the tested treatment planning problems.
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for the Continuity of Local Minima of Parabolic Variational Integrals with Linear Growth
Creators: name: DiBenedetto, Emmanuele
name: Gianazza, Ugo
name: Klaus, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K67, 35B65 (Primary), 49N60 (secondary)

description: For proper minimizers of parabolic variational integrals with linear growth with respect to $|Du|$, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for $u$ to be continuous at a point $(x_o,t_o)$, in terms of a sufficient fast decay of the total variation of $u$ about $(x_o,t_o)$ (see (1.4) below). These minimizers arise also as {proper} solutions to the parabolic $1$-laplacian equation. Hence, the continuity condition continues to hold for such solutions (§ 3).
Measurement of the branching fractions of the radiative leptonic tau decays tau -> e gamma nu anti-nu and tau -> mu gamma nu anti-nu at BaBar
Creators: name: The BaBar Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a measurement of the tau -> l gamma nu anti-nu (l = e, mu) branching fractions for a minimum photon energy of 10 MeV in the tau rest frame, using 431fb^-1 of e^+e^- collisions collected at the center-of-mass energy of the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II storage rings. We find B(tau -> mu gamma nu anti-nu ) = (3.69pm0.03pm0.10)x10^-3, and B(tau -> e gamma nu anti-nu ) = (1.847pm0.015pm0.052)x10^-2, where the first quoted error is statistical, and the second is systematic. These results are substantially more precise than previous measurements.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
A Predictive Mirror Twin Higgs with Small $\mathbf{Z}_2$ Breaking
Creators: name: Harigaya, Keisuke
name: McGehee, Robert
name: Murayama, Hitoshi
name: Schutz, Katelin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The twin Higgs mechanism is a solution to the little hierarchy problem in which the top partner is neutral under the Standard Model (SM) gauge group. The simplest mirror twin Higgs (MTH) model -- where a $\mathbf{Z}_2$ symmetry copies each SM particle -- has too many relativistic degrees of freedom to be consistent with cosmological observations. We demonstrate that MTH models can have an observationally viable cosmology if the twin mass spectrum leads to twin neutrino decoupling before the SM and twin QCD phase transitions. Our solution requires the twin photon to have a mass of $\sim 20$ MeV and kinetically mix with the SM photon to mediate entropy transfer from the twin sector to the SM. This twin photon can be robustly discovered or excluded by future experiments. Additionally, the residual twin degrees of freedom present in the early Universe in this scenario would be detectable by future observations of the cosmic microwave background.
description: 14+7 pages, 4 figures. v2: published in JHEP with minor revisions (no change to results)
On the directional derivative of the Hausdorff dimension of quadratic polynomial Julia sets at 1/4
Creators: name: Jaksztas, Ludwik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $d(\varepsilon)$ and $\mathcal D(δ)$ denote the Hausdorff dimension of the Julia sets of the polynomials $p_\varepsilon(z)=z^2+1/4+\varepsilon$ and $f_δ(z)=(1+δ)z+z^2$ respectively. In this paper we will study the directional derivative of the functions $d(\varepsilon)$ and $\mathcal D(δ)$ along directions landing at the parameter $0$, which corresponds to $1/4$ in the case of family $z^2+c$. We will consider all directions, except the one $\varepsilon\in\mathbb{R}^+$ (or two imaginary directions in the $δ$ parametrization) which is outside the Mandelbrot set and is related to the parabolic implosion phenomenon. We prove that for directions in the closed left half-plane the derivative of $d$ is negative. Computer calculations show that it is negative except a cone (with opening angle approximately $150^\circ$) around $\mathbb{R}^+$.
An optimal transport problem with backward martingale constraints motivated by insider trading
Creators: name: Kramkov, Dmitry
name: Xu, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study a single-period optimal transport problem on $\mathbb{R}^2$ with a covariance-type cost function $c(x,y) = (x_1-y_1)(x_2-y_2)$ and a backward martingale constraint. We show that a transport plan $γ$ is optimal if and only if there is a maximal monotone set $G$ that supports the $x$-marginal of $γ$ and such that $c(x,y) = \min_{z\in G}c(z,y)$ for every $(x,y)$ in the support of $γ$. We obtain sharp regularity conditions for the uniqueness of an optimal plan and for its representation in terms of a map. Our study is motivated by a variant of the classical Kyle model of insider trading from Rochet and Vila (1994).
description: 46 pages
Competing Spin Liquid States in the Spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg Model On Triangular Lattice
Creators: name: Hu, Wen-Jun
name: Gong, Shou-Shu
name: Zhu, Wei
name: Sheng, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice with the antiferromagnetic first ($J_1$) and second ($J_2$) nearest-neighbor interactions using density matrix renormalization group. By studying the spin correlation function, we find a $120^{\circ}$ magnetic order phase for $J_2 \lesssim 0.07 J_1$ and a stripe antiferromagnetic phase for $J_2 \gtrsim 0.15 J_1$. Between these two phases, we identify a spin liquid region characterized by the exponential decaying spin and dimer correlations, as well as the large spin singlet and triplet excitation gaps on finite-size systems. We find two near degenerating ground states with distinct properties in two sectors, which indicates more than one spin liquid candidates in this region. While the sector with spinon is found to respect the time reversal symmetry, the even sector without a spinon breaks such a symmetry for finite-size systems. Furthermore, we detect the signature of the fractionalization by following the evolution of different ground states with inserting spin flux into the cylinder system. Moreover, by tuning the anisotropic bond coupling, we explore the nature of the spin liquid phase and find the optimal parameter region for the gapped $Z_2$ spin liquid.
description: 7+6 pages, 5+7 figures, 1 table
Impact of late-time neutrino emission on the diffuse supernova neutrino background
Creators: name: Ekanger, Nick
name: Horiuchi, Shunsaku
name: Kotake, Kei
name: Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the absence of high-statistics supernova neutrino measurements, estimates of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) hinge on the precision of simulations of core-collapse supernovae. Understanding the cooling phase of protoneutron star (PNS) evolution ($\gtrsim1\,{\rm s}$ after core bounce) is crucial, since approximately 50% of the energy liberated by neutrinos is emitted during the cooling phase. We model the cooling phase with a hybrid method by combining the neutrino emission predicted by 3D hydrodynamic simulations with several cooling-phase estimates, including a novel two-parameter correlation depending on the final baryonic PNS mass and the time of shock revival. We find that the predicted DSNB event rate at Super-Kamiokande can vary by a factor of $\sim2-3$ depending on the cooling-phase treatment. We also find that except for one cooling estimate, the range in predicted DSNB events is largely driven by the uncertainty in the neutrino mean energy. With a good understanding of the late-time neutrino emission, more precise DSNB estimates can be made for the next generation of DSNB searches.
description: 15 pages, 6+4 figures, 6 tables. This matches the version published in PRD
Linking meteorites to their asteroid parent bodies: The capabilities of dust analyzer instruments during asteroid flybys
Creators: name: Eckart, Lisa Maria
name: Hillier, Jon K.
name: Postberg, Frank
name: Marchi, Simone
name: Sternovsky, Zoltan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: meteorites
subject: linking
subject: asteroid parent bodies
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Linking meteorites to their asteroid parent bodies remains an outstanding issue. Space-based dust characterization using impact ionization mass spectrometry is a proven technique for the compositional analysis of individual cosmic dust grains. Here we investigate the feasibility of determining asteroid compositions via cation mass spectrometric analyses of their dust ejecta clouds during low (7–9 km s−1) velocity spacecraft flybys. At these speeds, the dust grain mass spectra are dominated by easily ionized elements and molecular species. Using known bulk mineral volume abundances, we show that it is feasible to discriminate the common meteorite classes of carbonaceous chondrites, ordinary chondrites, and howardite–eucrite–diogenite achondrites, as well as their subtypes, relying solely on the detection of elements with ionization efficiencies of ≤700 or ≤800 kJ mol−1, applicable to low (~7 km s−1) and intermediate (~9 km s−1) flyby speed scenarios, respectively. Including the detection of water ion groups enables greater discrimination between certain meteorite types, and flyby speeds ≥10 km s−1 enhance the diagnostic capabilities of this technique still further. Although additional terrestrial calibration is required, this technique may allow more unequivocal asteroid-meteorite connections to be determined by spacecraft flybys, emphasizing the utility of dust instruments on future asteroid missions.
Conditions for the stable adsorption of lipid monolayers to solid surfaces
Creators: name: Šako, Marin
name: Staniscia, Fabio
name: Schneck, Emanuel
name: Netz, Roland R.
name: Kanduč, Matej
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: lipid layers
subject: contact angle
subject: surface tension
subject: wetting
subject: molecular dynamics simulation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Lipid monolayers are ubiquitous in biological systems and have multiple roles in biotechnological applications, such as lipid coatings that enhance colloidal stability or prevent surface fouling. Despite the great technological importance of surface-adsorbed lipid monolayers, the connection between their formation and the chemical characteristics of the underlying surfaces has remained poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the conditions required for stable lipid monolayers nonspecifically adsorbed on solid surfaces in aqueous solutions and water/alcohol mixtures. We use a framework that combines the general thermodynamic principles of monolayer adsorption with fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We find that, very universally, the chief descriptor of adsorption free energy is the wetting contact angle of the solvent on the surface. It turns out that monolayers can form and remain thermodynamically stable only on substrates with contact angles above the adsorption contact angle, θads⁠. Our analysis establishes that θads falls into a narrow range of around 60∘–70∘ in aqueous media and is only weakly dependent on the surface chemistry. Moreover, to a good approximation, θads is roughly determined by the ratio between the surface tensions of hydrocarbons and the solvent. Adding small amounts of alcohol to the aqueous medium lowers θads and thereby facilitates monolayer formation on hydrophilic solid surfaces. At the same time, alcohol addition weakens the adsorption strength on hydrophobic surfaces and results in a slowdown of the adsorption kinetics, which can be useful for the preparation of defect-free monolayers.
Characterizing the post-inflationary reheating history, Part II: Multiple interacting daughter fields
Creators: name: Antusch, Stefan
name: Marschall, Kenneth
name: Torrenti, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the post-inflationary dynamics of an inflaton $ϕ$ coupled to multiple interacting daughter fields $X_n$ ($n=1,\dots N_d$) through quadratic-quadratic interactions $g_n^ 2ϕ^2 X_n^2$. We assume a monomial inflaton potential $V(ϕ) \propto |ϕ|^p$ ($p \geq 2$) around the minimum. By simulating the system in 2+1-dimensional lattices, we study the post-inflationary evolution of the energy distribution and equation of state, from the end of inflation until a stationary regime is achieved. We show that in this scenario, the energy transferred to the daughter field sector can be larger than $50\%$, surpassing this way the upper bound found previously for single daughter field models. In particular, for $p \geq 4$ the energy at very late times is equally distributed between all fields, and only $100/(N_d + 1) \%$ of the energy remains in the inflaton. We also consider scenarios in which the daughter fields have scale-free interactions $λ_{nm} X_n^2 X_m^2$, including the case of quartic daughter field self-interactions (for $n=m$). We show that these interactions trigger a resonance process during the non-linear regime, which in the single daughter field case already allows to deplete more than $50\%$ of the energy from the inflaton for $p\geq 4$.
description: 23 pages + appendix, 15 figures
Boundary value problems for general first-order elliptic differential operators
Creators: name: Baer, Christian
name: Bandara, Lashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J56, 58J05, 58J32

description: We study boundary value problems for first-order elliptic differential operators on manifolds with compact boundary. The adapted boundary operator need not be selfadjoint and the boundary condition need not be pseudo-local. We show the equivalence of various characterisations of elliptic boundary conditions and demonstrate how the boundary conditions traditionally considered in the literature fit in our framework. The regularity of the solutions up to the boundary is proven. We show that imposing elliptic boundary conditions yields a Fredholm operator if the manifold is compact. We provide examples which are conveniently treated by our methods.
description: Link to video abstract and material on the Fredholm property added
Antisolar differential rotation of the K1-giant sigma Geminorum revisited
Creators: name: Kovari, Zs.
name: Kriskovics, L.
name: Künstler, A.
name: Carroll, T. A.
name: Strassmeier, K. G.
name: Vida, K.
name: Olah, K.
name: Bartus, J.
name: Weber, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Surface differential rotation and other global surface flows on magnetically active stars are among the observable manifestations of the stellar dynamo working underneath. Therefore, such observations are important for stellar dynamo theory and useful constraints for solar dynamo studies as well. Aims. The active K1-giant component of the long-period RS CVn-type binary system sigma Gem and its global surface flow pattern is revisited. Methods. We refine the differential rotation law from recovering the spot migration pattern. We apply a detailed cross-correlation technique to a unique set of 34 time-series Doppler images recovered using data from 1996/97. By increasing the number of the available cross-correlation function maps from the formerly used 4 to 17 we expect a more robust determination of the differential surface rotation law. In addition, we present a new time-series Doppler imaging study of sigma Gem using our advanced surface reconstruction code iMap for a dataset collected in 2006/07. Results. Results from the reprocessed cross-correlation study confirm that the star performs antisolar-type differential rotation with a surface shear alpha of -0.04 +/- 0.01, i.e., almost a factor of two stronger compared to the previously claimed value. We also confirm the evidence of a global poleward spot migration with an average velocity of 0.21 +/- 0.03 km/s, in accordance with theoretical predictions. From the new observations we obtain three subsequent Doppler images. The time evolution of these images confirms the antisolar-type differential rotation of the same amount.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Eight-vertex criticality in the interacting Kitaev chain
Creators: name: Chepiga, Natalia
name: Mila, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that including pairing and repulsion into the description of 1D spinless fermions, as in the domain wall theory of commensurate melting or the interacting Kitaev chain, leads, for strong enough repulsion, to a line of critical points in the eight vertex universality class terminating floating phases with emergent U(1) symmetry. For nearest-neighbor repulsion and pairing, the variation of the critical exponents along the line that can be extracted from Baxter's exact solution of the XYZ chain at $J_x=-J_z$ is fully confirmed by extensive DMRG simulations of the entire phase diagram, and the qualitative features of the phase diagram are shown to be independent of the precise form of the interactions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures + supplemental material
Cohering and decohering power of massive scalar fields under instantaneous interactions
Creators: name: Kollas, N. K.
name: Moustos, D.
name: Muñoz, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing a non-perturbative approach based on an instantaneous interaction between a two-level Unruh-DeWitt detector and a massive scalar field, we investigate the ability of the field to generate or destroy coherence in the detector by deriving the cohering and decohering power of the induced quantum evolution channel. For a field in a coherent state a previously unnoticed effect is reported whereby the amount of coherence that the field generates displays a revival pattern with respect to the size of the detector. It is demonstrated that by including mass in a thermal field the set of maximally coherent states of the detector decoheres less compared to a zero mass. In both of the examples mentioned, by making a suitable choice of detector radius, field energy and coupling strength it is possible to infer the mass of the field by either measuring the coherence present in the detector in the case of an interaction with a coherent field or the corresponding decoherence of a maximally coherent state in the case of a thermal field. In view of recent advances in the study of Proca metamaterials, these results suggest the possibility of utilising the theory of massive electromagnetism for the construction of novel applications for use in quantum technologies.