Paramiopsalis eduardoi Murienne & Giribet 2009, SP. NOV.
Creators: name: Murienne, Jérôme
name: Giribet, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Sironidae
Paramiopsalis
Paramiopsalis eduardoi

description: PARAMIOPSALIS EDUARDOI SP. NOV. (FIGS 3–8)    Type material: Male holotype (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, MCZ, ex MCZ DNA101878; Fig. 3) from Fragas do Eume, A Coruña Province (Galicia, Spain), collected 12 April 2006 by E. Mateos. One male paratype (MCZ DNA101878; two legs used for DNA extraction), same collecting data as the holotype. One male, in SEM stubs, and one female (Fig. 4) paratypes (MCZ, ex MCZ DNA101878), same collecting data as the holotype. Four male and four female paratypes (MCZ DNA102080) from Fragas do Eume, A Coruña Province (Galicia, Spain), collected 10 November 2006 by E. Mateos.   
 Additional material: Three juveniles (MCZ DNA102080; one specimen used for DNA extraction) from Fragas do Eume, A Coruña Province (Galicia, Spain), collected 10 November 2006 by E. Mateos.   
 Diagnosis: As for the genus. Adenostyle lamelliform, as opposed to the plumose type found in Paramiopsalis ramulosus. Anal plate with a longitudinal ridge, thinner than that of Paramiopsalis ramulosus.   
 Description: Total length of male holotype (in mm), 1.40; largest body width in prosoma behind ozophores, 0.72; width across ozophores, 0.67; body length/width ratio, 1.94. Body orange-brown when preserved in 96% ethanol. Anterior margin of dorsal scutum straight without lateral projections; prosomal region trapezoidal (Figs 3A, 4A). Eyes absent (Figs 3C, 4C). Ozophores conical (slightly round; Figs 3A, 4A, 5B), of type II (facing laterally slightly above edge of carapace; Figs 3C, 4C), with subtermi- nal ozopore (‘plugged’, as in de Bivort & Giribet, 2004); ornamentation uniform and non-directional (Fig. 5B). Transverse prosomal sulcus inconspicuous; transverse opisthosomal sulci inconspicuous (Figs 3A, 4A). Dorsal scutum convex; maximum width in prosomal area, behind ozophores (Figs 3A, 4A). Opisthosomal part of dorsal shield wider than ventral side (Figs 3B, 4B).   
Ventral prosomal complex of males with coxae I, II, and IV meeting in the midline, the latter for a distance longer than the gonostome length; coxae III not meeting in the midline (Fig. 5A, C). Coxae I, II, and IV with broad endites; coxal pore between coxae III and IV not observed (Fig. 5A, C). Coxae II and III with small processes running along their sutures; coxae III and IV with conspicuous processes running along their sutures (Fig. 5A, C). Small projections of coxae IV endite present in the anterior portion of the gonostome wall (Fig. 5C). Coxa I free, coxa II fused to coxae III and IV. Sternum absent (Fig. 5C). Male gonostome pentagonal, almost triangular, wider than long (99 ¥ 69 Mm), with an almost straight (slightly concave) posterior margin, and delimited laterally and anterolaterally by the elevated endites of coxa IV (Fig. 5A, C).  
Spiracles oval in shape, closed, with a maximum diameter of 51 Mm (Fig. 5E). Ventral opisthosomal region without conspicuous modifications or gland openings (Fig. 5A). Opisthosomal tergite IX free, and sternites 8 and 9 medially fused for most of their length, not forming a corona analis (Fig. 5A, D). Anal plate slightly oval (180 ¥ 144 Mm), with a thin medial ridge; ridge with conspicuous setae (Fig. 5D). Anal glands not observed with SEM because of the putative secretion accumulated on the dorsal part of tergite VIII. Cuticle ornamented (with a tuberculatemicrogranular surface; Murphree, 1988) in all ventral areas, except on the spiracle and coxal endites; anal plate without tuberculate-microgranular ornamentation, but with a honeycomb pattern (Fig. 5A, C, D).  
Chelicerae (Fig. 6A, B) relatively short and robust; basal article 362-Mm long, 157-Mm wide, without conspicuous ventral processes, and without a dorsal crest; second article 379-Mm long, 123-Mm wide; movable finger 182-Mm long; widest part of cheliceral distal article near articulation with mobile digit; all articles with few setae; proximal article almost entirely granulated. Second cheliceral segment only partly and slightly ornamented. Cheliceral denticles of the uniform type (Fig. 6B).  
Palp 1.026-mm long, smooth, slightly covered with scale-like processes on all articles (Fig. 6C). Measurements of palpal articles, length/width (L/W ratio) in Mm: trochanter 123/65 (1.89), femur 284/70 (4.06), patella 173/67 (2.58), tibia 225/63 (3.57), tarsus 221/57 (3.88); claw 30-Mm long (Fig. 6D). Palp trochanter with a conspicuous ventral process. Ornamentation present in trochanter; absent on second palp article.  
Legs relatively long and robust; see measurements in Table 2. Leg I longer than leg II. Solea in tarsus I absent (Fig. 7A). Tarsus and metatarsus smooth in legs I (Fig. 7A) and II (Fig. 7C); metatarsus almost completely ornamented in leg III (Fig. 7E), and entirely ornamented in leg IV (Fig. 7G); all other articles ornamented on legs I– IV. Tarsus IV of male entire (Fig. 7G); with a broad lamelliform adenostyle (102/93 Mm), not plumose, subcylindrical at the base, with a lateral pore; distal margin at 44% of the tarsal length (not in the most basal region of the tarsus; Fig. 7G, H). Claws hooked, smooth, and without dentition or lateral pegs (Fig. 7B, D, F, I).  
Spermatopositor (Fig. 8) small (180-Mm long), with 3/3 dorsal long bifurcating microtrichia with enlarged bases, and shorter ventral microtrichia without enlarged bases. Pars apicalis with hooked mobile digits. Ventral part with four pairs of shorter microtrichia; ventral plate clearly surpasses the pars distalis, only visible from the dorsal side. Ovipositor not studied.  
 Etymology: The species is named after our colleague Eduardo Mateos from the Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, who collected the specimens of the new species.   
 Phylogentics: Our molecular phylogenetic analysis resulted in a well-resolved and stable phylogeny. We show the single most parsimonious tree of 2914 steps obtained under equal weighting (Fig. 9), and represent the nodal stability using sensitivity plots. Except for Suzukielus sauteri (Roewer, 1916), which appears as sister to the genus Siro under alternative parameter sets, all nodes appear highly stable. The two specimens of Paramiopsalis eduardoi sp. nov. form a clade (100% jackknife proportion), and group with Paramiopsalis ramulosus (100% bootstrap). The genus Paramiopsalis appears as sister to the genus Cyphophthalmus with strong support (93% jackknife proportion), and under all of the parameter sets examined.
description: Published as part of Murienne, Jérôme & Giribet, Gonzalo, 2009, The Iberian Peninsula: ancient history of a hot spot of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Sironidae) diversity, pp. 785-800 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (4) on pages 791-796, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00512.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5443672