cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ideal cardiovascular health predicts lower risk of abnormal liver enzymes levels in the Chilean National Health Survey (2009–2010)
Creators: name: Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson
name: García-Hermoso, Antonio
name: Hackney, Anthony C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: High levels of gamma glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as fatty liver index (FLI) has been associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gamma-GT, ALT, and fatty liver index FLI levels across a gradient number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics in a representative sample of adults from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010. Data from 1,023 men and 1,449 women (≥ 15 years) from the Chilean Health Survey 2009–2010 were analyzed. Ideal cardiovascular health was defined as meeting ideal levels of the following components: four behaviours (smoking, body mass index, physical activity and diet adherence) and three factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose). Adults were grouped into three categories according to their number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics: ideal (5–7 metrics), intermediate (3–4 metrics), and poor (0–2 metrics). Blood levels of gamma-GT and ALT were measured and the FLI was calculated. A higher number of ideal cardiovascular health index metric was associated with lower gamma-GT, ALT and FLI (p from trend analysis <0.001). Also, adults meeting at least 3–4 metrics were predicted less likely to have prevalence of abnormal levels of gamma-GT and FLI (p<0.001) compared to adults who met only 0–2 metrics. These findings reinforce the usefulness of the ideal cardiovascular health metrics proposed by the American Heart Association as a tool to identify target subjects and promote cardiovascular health in South-American adults.
An N band interferometric survey of the disks around post-AGB binary stars
Creators: name: Hillen, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now well established that FGK post-AGB stars that are surrounded by both hot and cold dust (as derived from the spectral energy distribution), are almost always part of a binary system with $100 < P_{orb} < 5000$~days. The properties and long-term stability of the dust emission requires it to arise from a gas- and dust-rich, puffed-up and (semi-)stable circumbinary disk. This interpretation has been confirmed with spatially resolved observations at a range of wavelengths for various individual objects. Here I present the first results of the first mid-IR interferometric survey of this class of objects. Our sample comprises 18 sources, most of which are confirmed binaries and which cover a range in IR excess. Our analysis clearly shows the compactness of the dust structures in these systems. We perform a statistical comparison with radiative transfer disk models, showing that most objects are indeed continuous disks from the sublimation radius outwards.
description: To appear in the proceedings of "Physics of evolved stars 2015 - A conference dedicated to the memory of Olivier Chesneau" (http://poe2015.sciencesconf.org/)
Aphasie und Singen. Nutzen und Bedeutung des Singens in einem Aphasiechor für Menschen mit Aphasie
Creators: name: Singer, Cécile
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Logopädie
Aphasie
Singen
Chor
Bachelorarbeit

description: In der Schweiz und den umliegenden Nachbarländern gibt es mindestens 36 Aphasiechöre, in denen Menschen mit Aphasie regelmässig singen und Gemeinschaft mit Gleichbetroffenen pflegen. Das Angebot wird von Menschen mit Aphasie geschätzt und findet Anklang. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Bedeutung und den Nutzen eines Aphasiechors für Menschen mit Aphasie mittels qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews, welche mit Chorteilnehmenden, Chorleiterinnen und involvierten Logopädinnen durchgeführt wurden. Die Befragungen zeigen, dass viele Teilnehmende eine höhere Lebensqualität durch den Aphasiechor erfahren und insbesondere von der Gemeinschaft, einer sozialen Verbundenheit, profitieren. Das Selbst der Menschen mit Aphasie kann in einem Aphasiechor durch verschiedene Faktoren gestärkt werden. Die Mehrheit der Chormitglieder beobachtet zudem positive Effekte auf ihre Sprache bzw. Kommunikation.
Microscopic nature of correlations in multi-orbital AFe2As2 (A=K, Rb, Cs): Hund's coupling versus Coulomb repulsion
Creators: name: Backes, Steffen
name: Jeschke, Harald O.
name: Valenti, Roser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate via LDA+DMFT (local density approximation combined with dynamical mean field theory) the manifestation of correlation effects in a wide range of binding energies in the hole-doped family of Fe-pnictides $A$Fe$_2$As$_2$ ($A={\rm K}$, Rb, Cs) as well as the fictitious FrFe$_2$As$_2$ and $a$-axis stretched CsFe$_2$As$_2$. This choice of systems allows for a systematic analysis of the interplay of Hund's coupling $J_H$ and on-site Coulomb repulsion $U$ in multi-orbital Fe-pnictides under negative pressure. With increasing ionic size of the alkali metal, we observe a non-trivial change in the iron $3d$ hoppings, an increase of orbitally-selective correlations and the presence of incoherent weight at high-binding energies that do not show the typical lower Hubbard-band behavior but rather characteristic features of a Hund's metal. This is especially prominent in $a$-stretched CsFe$_2$As$_2$. We also find that the coherent/incoherent electronic behavior of the systems is, apart from temperature, strongly dependent on $J_H$ and we provide estimates of the coherence scale $T^*$. We discuss these results in the framework of reported experimental observations.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures, PRB(in press)
On the relationship between the number of solutions of congruence systems and the resultant of two polynomials
Creators: name: Khomovsky, Dmitry I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $q$ be an odd prime and $f(x)$, $g(x)$ be polynomials with integer coefficients. If the system of congruences $f(x) \equiv g(x) \equiv 0 \pmod{q}$ has $\ell$ solutions, then $R\left(f(x),g(x)\right)\equiv 0 \pmod{q^\ell}$, where $R\left(f(x),g(x)\right)$ is the resultant of the polynomials. Using this result we give new proofs of some known congruences involving the Lucas sequences.
Effects of physical and social environment on zebra finches’ foraging intensity
Creators: name: Immer, Anika
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) is the most widely used passerine bird in captive research, yet little work has been done in the wild where physical and social conditions are more variable and their behaviour can be investigated in an ecological context. Zebra finches forage on the ground and are vulnerable to predation by a range of terrestrial and aerial predators. In this thesis, I explore how the physical and social environment affects their foraging decisions in captivity and in the wild. The decision to feed in a particular patch is an attempt to optimise the costs and benefits of feeding at that location. I used giving-up densities (GUD) – the density of food remaining in a patch after the forager(s) have exploited it, to measure the perceived risk of zebra finches to a variety of experimental treatments. In captivity, I investigated how zebra finches’ foraging intensity responded to characteristics of the captive environment such as the availability of perches, cover, and ground substrate. In the wild, I examined how their foraging intensity was affected by the distance to natural cover (vegetation) or their visual fields. I also explored effects of the local neighbourhood density of zebra finches in the wild. I further investigated captive zebra finches’ foraging intensity in different sized groups, as a function of the proximity to, and behaviour of neighbouring flocks. I show that zebra finches forage more intensively when they are close to vegetation and perceive cover as protective. I also found that foraging intensity increased non-linearly with group size and mass and sex mitigated how social and physical environments affected foraging intensity. Overall, my finding suggest that while foraging, zebra finches place greater emphasis on their social, compared to physical environments. My thesis highlights the importance of taking into account a wide range of social factors when investigating foraging decisions by animals.
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC ELEMENTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM ON STARTUP SUCCESS WITHIN DISCOVERY STAGE
Creators: name: Shabnam Koohi
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2018
Subjects: Startup success
Ecosystem
Leadership
Finance
Talent
Knowledge
Support systems.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 9, 6, 567-577
Directivity of quantum walk via its random walk replica
Creators: name: Yamagami, Tomoki
name: Segawa, Etsuo
name: Chauvet, Nicolas
name: Röhm, André
name: Horisaki, Ryoichi
name: Naruse, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum walks (QWs) exhibit different properties compared with classical random walks (RWs), most notably by linear spreading and localization. In the meantime, random walks that replicate quantum walks, which we refer to as quantum-walk-replicating random walks (QWRWs), have been studied in the literature where the eventual properties of QWRW coincide with those of QWs. However, we consider that the unique attributes of QWRWs have not been fully utilized in the former studies to obtain deeper or new insights into QWs. In this paper, we highlight the directivity of one-dimensional discrete quantum walks via QWRWs. By exploiting the fact that QWRW allows trajectories of individual walkers to be considered, we first discuss the determination of future directions of QWRWs, through which the effect of linear spreading and localization is manifested in another way. Furthermore, the transition probabilities of QWRWs can also be visualized and show a highly complex shape, representing QWs in a novel way. Moreover, we discuss the first return time to the origin between RWs and QWs, which is made possible via the notion of QWRWs. We observe that the first return time statistics of QWs are quite different from RWs, caused by both the linear spreading and localization properties of QWs.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Performance Analysis of Electrical Machines Using a Hybrid Data- and Physics-Driven Model
Creators: name: Parekh, Vivek
name: Flore, Dominik
name: Schöps, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the design phase of an electrical machine, finite element (FE) simulation are commonly used to numerically optimize the performance. The output of the magneto-static FE simulation characterizes the electromagnetic behavior of the electrical machine. It usually includes intermediate measures such as nonlinear iron losses, electromagnetic torque, and flux values at each operating point to compute the key performance indicators (KPIs). We present a data-driven deep learning approach that replaces the computationally heavy FE calculations by a deep neural network (DNN). The DNN is trained by a large volume of stored FE data in a supervised manner. During the learning process, the network response (intermediate measures) is fed as input to a physics-based post-processing to estimate characteristic maps and KPIs. Results indicate that the predictions of intermediate measures and the subsequent computations of KPIs are close to the ground truth for new machine designs. We show that this hybrid approach yields flexibility in the simulation process. Finally, the proposed hybrid approach is quantitatively compared to existing deep neural network-based direct prediction approach of KPIs.
description: 8 pages, This article may appear as a contributed paper in IEEE transactions journal
Nano-Cross-Junction Effect on Phonon Transport in Silicon-Nanowire-Cages
Creators: name: Ma, Dengke
name: Ding, Hongru
name: Meng, Han
name: Feng, Lei
name: Wu, Yue
name: Shiomi, Junichiro
name: Yang, Nuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave effects of phonons can give rise to controllability of heat conduction beyond that by particle scattering at surfaces and interfaces. In this work, we propose a new class of 3D nanostructure: a silicon-nanowire-cage (SiNWC) structure consisting of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) connected by nano-cross-junctions (NCJs). We perform equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and find an ultralow value of thermal conductivity of SiNWC, 0.173 Wm-1K-1, which is one order lower than that of SiNWs. By further modal analysis and atomistic Green's function calculations, we identify that the large reduction is due to significant phonon localization induced by the phonon local resonance and hybridization at the junction part in a wide range of phonon modes. This localization effect does not require the cage to be periodic, unlike the phononic crystals, and can be realized in structures that are easier to synthesize, for instance in a form of randomly oriented SiNWs network.
description: Nano-cross-junction, silicon-nanowires-cage, thermal conductivity, local phonon resonance, random network of silicon nanowires
Energy Shaping Control of a Muscular Octopus Arm Moving in Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Chang, Heng-Sheng
name: Halder, Udit
name: Shih, Chia-Hsien
name: Naughton, Noel
name: Gazzola, Mattia
name: Mehta, Prashant G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flexible octopus arms exhibit an exceptional ability to coordinate large numbers of degrees of freedom and perform complex manipulation tasks. As a consequence, these systems continue to attract the attention of biologists and roboticists alike. In this paper, we develop a three-dimensional model of a soft octopus arm, equipped with biomechanically realistic muscle actuation. Internal forces and couples exerted by all major muscle groups are considered. An energy shaping control method is described to coordinate muscle activity so as to grasp and reach in 3D space. Key contributions of this paper are: (i) modeling of major muscle groups to elicit three-dimensional movements; (ii) a mathematical formulation for muscle activations based on a stored energy function; and (iii) a computationally efficient procedure to design task-specific equilibrium configurations, obtained by solving an optimization problem in the Special Euclidean group SE(3). Muscle controls are then iteratively computed based on the co-state variable arising from the solution of the optimization problem. The approach is numerically demonstrated in the physically accurate software environment Elastica. Results of numerical experiments mimicking observed octopus behaviors are reported.
Image mosaicking using SURF features of line segments
Creators: name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Yang, Zhanlong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: In this paper, we present a novel image mosaicking method that is based on Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) of line segments, aiming to achieve robustness to incident scaling, rotation, change in illumination, and significant affine distortion between images in a panoramic series. Our method involves 1) using a SURF detection operator to locate feature points; 2) rough matching using SURF features of directed line segments constructed via the feature points; and 3) eliminating incorrectly matched pairs using RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus). Experimental results confirm that our method results in high-quality panoramic mosaics that are superior to state-of-the-art methods.
MPEC 2023-T155 : 2023 TR5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TR5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A STUDY OF THE CONVERGENCE OF THE BEZOUT COEFFICIENTS SEARCH ALGORITHM
Creators: name: Zhumaniezov, Alisher R.
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Euclidean algorithm
extended Euclidean algorithm
k-ary algorithm for computing GCD
calculation of inverse elements modulo
parallel GCD computation
ICT.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 1, 01-011
The Influence of Terrorist Hotbeds on the Global Transformation of Terrorist Tactics
Creators: name: Bothe, Anna Franziska
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Terrorismus
subject: Clusteranalyse
subject: gewichteter Jaccard-Koeffizient
subject: Heatmaps
subject: Hotbeds
subject: kategorielle Datenanalyse
subject: Ausbreitung terroristischer Taktiken
subject: terrorism
subject: cluster analysis
subject: weighted Jaccard coefficient
subject: heatmaps
subject: hotbeds
subject: categorial data analysis
subject: global transformation of terrorist tactics
subject: diffusion of terrorist tactics
subject: Global Terrorism Database (GTD)
subject: 519 Wahrscheinlichkeiten, angewandte Mathematik

description: Das Interesse an wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten bezüglich der Ausbreitung von transnationalem Terrorismus wächst ständig. Dennoch gilt es wenig zur Verfügung stehende Literatur. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Einflusses von Hotbeds auf die weltweite Veränderung terroristischer Taktiken. Die Veränderung und Ausbreitung dieser Taktiken wird anhand von Daten im Zeitraum 1977-2017 analysiert. Zwei verschiedene Clusteranalysen werden mit dem Ziel angewendet, ähnliche Beobachtungen zu identifizieren. Zusätzlich werden Heatmaps zur Visualisierung generiert, um die Ausbreitungen von Taktiken zu untersuchen. Die Kausalität von den beobachtbaren Mustern wird anschließend detailliert diskutiert. Darüber hinaus werden die Begriffe Hotbeds und Taktiken definiert und ein gewichteter Jaccard-Koeffizient vorgestellt. Außerdem werden Herausforderungen bei der Analyse von kategoriellen Daten beschrieben und mögliche Lösungsansätze diskutiert.
description: The interest in studies regarding the diffusion of transnational terrorism increases constantly. Nevertheless, the existing literature is scarce. The objective of the underlying thesis is to examine the influence of hotbeds on the global transformation of tactics. The transformation and diffusion of terrorist tactics is analyzed from 1977-2017. Two cluster analysis are applied with the objective to group similar observations. Afterwards, heatmaps are generated to visualize and demonstrate the diffusion of tactics. The causality of observed patterns is discussed in detail. Moreover, definitions for the terms hotbeds and tactics are given and a weighted Jaccard coefficient is introduced. Also challenges regarding the analysis of categorical data are presented and possible approaches to solve those difficulties are given.
Immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccine (RotarixTM) in infants with environmental enteric dysfunction
Creators: name: Mwila-Kazimbaya, Katayi
name: Chisenga, Caroline Cleopatra
name: Mwape, Innocent
name: Bosomprah, Samuel
name: Chilengi, Roma
name: Laban, Natasha Makabilo
name: Simuyandi, Michelo
name: Mwaba, John
name: Sijumbila, Gibson
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Deployment of rotavirus vaccines has contributed to significant declines in diarrheal morbidity and mortality globally. Unfortunately, vaccine performance in low-middle income countries (LMICs) is generally lower than in developed countries. The cause for this has been associated with several host and maternal factors including poor water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) status, which are predominant in LMICs. More recently, environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) has specifically been hypothesized to contribute to poor vaccine uptake and response. The aim of this study was to examine the association between serological biomarkers of EED and seroconversion to rotavirus vaccine in Zambian infants.
MPEC 2023-T156 : 2023 TS5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TS5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Efficient parallel strategy for molecular plasmonics -- a numerical tool for integrating Maxwell-Schrodinger equations in three dimensions
Creators: name: Sukharev, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An efficient parallelization approach to simulate optical properties of ensembles of quantum emitters in realistic electromagnetic environments is considered. It relies on balancing computing load of utilized processors and is built into three-dimensional domain decomposition methodology implemented for numerical integration of the Maxwell equations. The approach employed enables directly accessing dynamics of collective effects as the number of molecules in simulations can be drastically increased. Numerical experiments measuring speedup factors demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology. As an example, we consider dynamics of nearly 700,000 diatomic molecules with ro-vibrational degrees of freedom explicitly accounted for coupled to electromagnetic radiation crafted by periodic arrays of split-ring resonators and triangular nanoholes. As an application of the approach, dissociation dynamics under strong coupling conditions is scrutinized. It is demonstrated that the dissociation rates are significantly affected near polaritonic frequencies.
description: J. Comp. Phys. (accepted)
title: Wer sie nicht ernst nimmt, liegt daneben
title: Prophetinnen damals und heute
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Praetorius, Ina
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Religion
subject: Christentum
subject: Frauen
subject: 220 Bibel

description: Die meisten Menschen stellen sich Propheten als eine Art Hellseher vor. Das ist aber nur ein Aspekt von Prophetie. Ein Blick in die Geschichte schärft den Blick für die Gegenwart: Prophetinnen und Propheten gibt es auch heute!
title: Wenn der Blinddarm eine Niere ist
Creators: name: Heilsberg, Ann-Kathrin
name: Kreutzer, Niklas
name: Prokofiev, Dennis
name: Struckmeier, Olaf
name: Truß, Michael
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die tiefe Nierendystopie zeigt ein erhöhtes Risiko für Steinbildung. Häufig kommt eine Dilatation durch Reflux oder Obstruktion (kreuzende Gefäße, hoher Nierenbeckenabgang) zustande. Die zusätzliche einseitige Nierenagenesie bietet neben weiteren anatomischen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Self-Consistent Computation of Spin Torques and Magneto-Resistance in Tunnel Junctions and Magnetic Read-Heads with Metallic Pinhole Defects
Creators: name: Lepadatu, Serban
name: Dobrynin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A three-dimensional self-consistent spin transport model is developed, which includes both tunnelling transport, as well as metallic transport. Using the spin accumulation computed either side of a tunnel barrier, spin torques are obtained, and it is shown the model reproduces both damping-like and field-like spin-transfer torques, with the expected sinusoidal angular dependence, and inverse ferromagnetic layer thickness dependence. An explicit solution to the drift-diffusion model is derived, which allows analysing the effect of both the reference and free layer thickness on the spin-transfer torque polarization and field-like coefficient. In particular, when the layers are thin, additional spin-dependent scattering contributions due to incomplete absorption of transverse spin components reduce both the damping-like and field-like spin torques. It is shown the model developed here can be used to compute the signal-to-noise ratio in realistic magnetic read-heads, where spin torque-induced fluctuations and instabilities limit the maximum operating voltage. The effect of metallic pinhole defects in the insulator layer is also analysed, which results in a mixture of metallic and tunnelling transport, and highly non-uniform charge and spin currents, requiring the full spin transport model to compute the resulting magneto-resistance and spin torques. Increasing the area covered by pinholes results in a rapid degradation of the magneto-resistance, following an inverse dependence. Moreover, the spin torque angular dependence becomes skewed, and the spin-transfer torque polarization decreases. The same results are obtained when considering tunnel junctions with a single pinhole defect, but decreasing cross-sectional area, showing that even a single pinhole defect can significantly degrade the performance of tunnel junctions and magnetic read-heads below the 40 nm node.
Early time behavior of spatial and momentum anisotropies in kinetic theory across different Knudsen numbers
Creators: name: Borghini, Nicolas
name: Borrell, Marc
name: Roch, Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the early time development of the anisotropic transverse flow and spatial eccentricities of a fireball with various particle-based transport approaches using a fixed initial condition. In numerical simulations ranging from the quasi-collisionless case to the hydrodynamic regime, we find that the onset of $v_n$ and of related measures of anisotropic flow can be described with a simple power-law ansatz, with an exponent that depends on the amount of rescatterings in the system. In the few-rescatterings regime we perform semi-analytical calculations, based on a systematic expansion in powers of time and the cross section, which can reproduce the numerical findings.
description: 19 pages, 30 plots in 17 figures. Version 2: published version
Two-dimensional Janus Si dichalcogenides: A first-principles study
Creators: name: Guo, San-Dong
name: Feng, Xu-Kun
name: Zhu, Yu-Tong
name: Wang, Guangzhao
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong structural asymmetry is actively explored in two-dimensional (2D) materials, because it can give rise to many interesting physical properties. Motivated by the recent synthesis of monolayer $\mathrm{Si_2Te_2}$, we explore a family of 2D materials, termed as the Janus Si dichalcogenides (JSD), which parallel the Janus transition metal dichalcogenides and exhibit even stronger inversion asymmetry. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate excellent stability of these materials. We show that their strong structural asymmetry leads to pronounced intrinsic polar field, sizable spin splitting due to spin-orbit coupling, and large piezoelectric response. The spin splitting involves an out-of-plane component, which is beyond the linear Rashba model. The piezoelectric tensor has large value in both in-plane $d_{11}$ coefficient and out-of-plane $d_{31}$ coefficient, making the monolayer JSDs distinct among the existing 2D piezoelectrics. In addition, we find interesting strain-induced phase transitions in these materials. Particularly, there are multiple valleys in the conduction band that compete for the conduction band minimum, which will lead to notable changes in optical and transport properties under strain. Our work reveals a new family of Si based 2D materials, which could find promising applications in spintronic and piezoelectric devices.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Impacts of active school design on school-time sedentary behavior and physical activity: A pilot natural experiment
Creators: name: Sorensen, Dina
name: Garcia, Jeanette
name: Brittin, Jeri
name: Huang, Terry
name: Frerichs, Leah
name: Sirard, John R.
name: Wells, Nancy M.
name: Myers, Beth M.
name: Trowbridge, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Children spend a significant portion of their days in sedentary behavior (SB) and on average fail to engage in adequate physical activity (PA). The school built environment may influence SB and PA, but research is limited. This natural experiment evaluated whether an elementary school designed to promote movement impacted students’ school-time SB and PA.
title: Retrospektive Evaluation von Einflussfaktoren auf die Durchleuchtungszeit und die OP-Dauer bei der flexiblen Ureterorenoskopie zur Behandlung der Nephrolithiasis
Creators: name: Secker, Armin
name: Mohasseb, Amani
name: Schrader, Andres
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die flexible Ureteorenoskopie ist ein minimal-invasives Verfahren zur Entfernung von Nierensteinen, bei der intraoperativ die Durchleuchtung mittels Röntgenstrahlen zum Einsatz kommt. Röntgenstrahlen haben jedoch durch ihre ionisierende Wirkung auch potenziell karzinogene Wirkungen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Improving retention in HIV care among adolescents and adults in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the literature
Creators: name: McCarraher, Donna R.
name: Dal Santo, Leila
name: Silverstein, Hannah
name: Murray, Kate R.
name: De Mora, Danielle Darrow
name: Olsen, Patrick
name: Dulli, Lisa S.
name: Ridgeway, Kathleen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Adolescents living with HIV are an underserved population, with poor retention in HIV health care services and high mortality, who are in need of targeted effective interventions. We conducted a literature review to identify strategies that could be adapted to meet the needs of adolescents living with HIV.
Effects of Planetesimal Scattering: Explaining the Observed Offsets from Period Ratios 3:2 and 2:1
Creators: name: Ghosh, Tuhin
name: Chatterjee, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed deficit and excess of adjacent planet pairs with period ratios narrow and wide of 3:2 and 2:1, the nominal values for the corresponding mean motion resonances (MMRs), have intrigued many. Previously, using a suite of simulations, Chatterjee & Ford (2015) showed that the excess above the 2:1 MMR can be naturally explained if planet pairs, initially trapped in the 2:1 MMR, dynamically interact with nearby planetesimals in a disk. We build on this work by: a) updating the census of discovered planet pairs, b) extending the study to initially non-resonant as well as resonant planet pairs, c) using initial planet and orbital properties directly guided by those observed, and d) extending the initial period ratios to include both 2:1 and 3:2. We find that 1) interactions with planetesimals typically increase the period ratios of both initially resonant and non-resonant planet pairs; 2) starting from an initially flat period ratio distribution for systems across 3:2 and 2:1, these interactions can naturally create the deficits observed narrow of these period ratios; 3) contribution from initially resonant planet pairs is needed to explain the observed levels of excess wide of 3:2; 4) a mixture model where about 25% (1%) planet pairs were initially trapped into 3:2 (2:1) MMRs is favored to explain both the observed deficit and excess of systems across these period ratios, however, up to a few percent of planet pairs are expected to remain in MMR today.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Leaky Fermi accelerators
Creators: name: Shah, Kushal
name: Gelfreich, Vassili
name: Rom-Kedar, Vered
name: Turaev, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Fermi accelerator is a billiard with oscillating walls. A leaky accelerator interacts with an environment of an ideal gas at equilibrium by exchange of particles through a small hole on its boundary. Such interaction may heat the gas: we estimate the net energy flow through the hole under the assumption that the particles inside the billiard do not collide with each other and remain in the accelerator for sufficiently long time. The heat production is found to depend strongly on the type of the Fermi accelerator. An ergodic accelerator, i.e. one which has a single ergodic component, produces a weaker energy flow than a multi-component accelerator. Specifically, in the ergodic case the energy gain is independent of the hole size, whereas in the multi-component case the energy flow may be significantly increased by shrinking the hole size.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Chaotic string motion in a near pp-wave limit
Creators: name: Kushiro, Shodai
name: Yoshida, Kentaroh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit classical string motion in a near pp-wave limit of AdS$_5\times$S$^5$. It is known that the Toda lattice models are integrable. But if the exponential potential is truncated at finite order, then the system may become non-integrable. In particular, when the exponential potential in a three-particle periodic Toda chain is truncated at the third order of the dynamical variables, the resulting system becomes a well-known non-integrable system, Henon-Heiles model. The same thing may happen in a near pp-wave limit of AdS$_5\times$S$^5$, on which the classical string motion becomes chaotic.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Diagnostic accuracy for self-reported methamphetamine use versus oral fluid test as the reference standard in a methamphetamine-dependent intervention trial population
Creators: name: Carter, G
name: Spittal, MJ
name: Glowacki, L
name: Gerostamoulos, D
name: Dietze, Paul
name: Sinclair, B
name: Arunogiri, S
name: Berk, M
name: Lubman, DI
name: Manning, V
name: Higgs, Peter
name: Quinn, B
name: Baker, A
name: Dean, OM
name: Turner, A
name: McKetin, R
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Aims: Treatment of methamphetamine dependence requires monitoring of recent use or abstinence. Self-report is commonly used for routine monitoring, but the accuracy of self-report is not established. For the treating clinician, the key accuracy statistic is the negative predictive value (NPV). The study aim was to estimate the NPV of self-reported non-use of methamphetamine compared with an oral fluid reference standard. Design, Setting and Participants: This study was a secondary (subgroup) analysis from a randomized controlled pharmacotherapy trial. Three Australian outpatient addiction services took part. Particpants were 139 people dependent on methamphetamine. Measurements: Weekly oral fluid samples over 12 weeks to determine methamphetamine (and amphetamine) concentrations were used as the reference standard. Self-report of any methamphetamine use in the previous 7 days by the time-line follow-back method was the index test. Standard diagnostic accuracy statistics were calculated for all available paired episodes (n = 1134). Three NPV values were calculated: unadjusted NPV and NPV adjusted for clustering of observations through logistic regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE). We also calculated the NPVs for a range of prevalence rates of methamphetamine use, for the calculated levels of sensitivity and specificity. Findings: Sensitivity was 96.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 95–97.5], specificity was 63.7% (95% CI = 57.3–69.8) and positive predictive value (PPV) was 90.8% (95% CI = 88.8–92.6). The unadjusted NPV was 82.7% (95% CI = 76.5–87.9), adjusted NPV by logistic regression 82.7% (95% CI = 73.9–91.5) and GEE 76.8% (95% CI = 66.8–86.8). At a methamphetamine use prevalence of 5%, the estimated NPV would be 99.7% (95% CI = 99.6–99.9) and at 95% prevalence, 48.2% (95% CI = 39.6–57.0). Conclusions: Self-report of no recent methamphetamine use appears to be sufficiently accurate to be clinically useful at the expected prevalence rates of methamphetamine use in clinical treatment settings. If generalizable to clinical settings, where these tests are routinely conducted, this may permit a reduction in the frequency and cost of oral fluid assays.
Mini-jet quenching in a concurrent jet+hydro evolution and the non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Pablos, Daniel
name: Singh, Mayank
name: Jeon, Sangyong
name: Gale, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mini-jets, created by perturbative hard QCD collisions at moderate energies, can represent a significant portion of the total multiplicity of a heavy-ion collision event. Since their transverse momenta are initially larger than the typical saturation scale describing the bulk of the equilibrating QGP, their typical stopping distances are larger than the usual hydrodynamization time, so they do not in general hydrodynamize at the same pace than the bulk of the collision. Therefore, in general mini-jets cannot be described solely by a unique pre-equilibrium stage that bridges the initial, over-occupied glasma state, with the hydrodynamical evolution. In this work we make use of a new concurrent mini-jet+hydrodynamic framework in which the properties of the hydrodynamically evolving QGP are modified due to the injection of energy and momentum from the mini-jets. We study the system for different choices of the minimum transverse momentum associated to mini-jet production. In order to achieve a realistic description of charged particle multiplicity, the amount of entropy associated to the low-$x$ initial state needs to be reduced. Moreover, the fact that the injected momentum from the randomly oriented mini-jets is not correlated with the spatial gradients of the system reduces overall flow, and the value of the QGP transport coefficients needs to be reduced accordingly. They are an important new source of fluctuations, resulting in a spikier, notably modified hydrodynamical evolution. We discuss the impact of the mini-jets on a number of observables, such as $p_T$ spectra and $p_T$-differential flow $v_n$ for a wide range of centrality classes. In contrast to elliptic, triangular or quadrangular flow, we find that directed flow, $v_1$, has the strongest potential to discriminate between different mini-jet production rates.
description: Matches published version. Typos fixed, figure added
indCAPS: A tool for designing screening primers for CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis events
Creators: name: Nimchuk, Zachary L.
name: Hodgens, Charles
name: Kieber, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Genetic manipulation of organisms using CRISPR/Cas9 technology generally produces small insertions/deletions (indels) that can be difficult to detect. Here, we describe a technique to easily and rapidly identify such indels. Sequence-identified mutations that alter a restriction enzyme recognition site can be readily distinguished from wild-type alleles using a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) technique. If a restriction site is created or altered by the mutation such that only one allele contains the restriction site, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by a restriction digest can be used to distinguish the two alleles. However, in the case of most CRISPR-induced alleles, no such restriction sites are present in the target sequences. In this case, a derived CAPS (dCAPS) approach can be used in which mismatches are purposefully introduced in the oligonucleotide primers to create a restriction site in one, but not both, of the amplified templates. Web-based tools exist to aid dCAPS primer design, but when supplied sequences that include indels, the current tools often fail to suggest appropriate primers. Here, we report the development of a Python-based, species-agnostic web tool, called indCAPS, suitable for the design of PCR primers used in dCAPS assays that is compatible with indels. This tool should have wide utility for screening editing events following CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis as well as for identifying specific editing events in a pool of CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis events. This tool was field-tested in a CRISPR mutagenesis experiment targeting a cytokinin receptor (AHK3) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The tool suggested primers that successfully distinguished between wild-type and edited alleles of a target locus and facilitated the isolation of two novel ahk3 null alleles. Users can access indCAPS and design PCR primers to employ dCAPS to identify CRISPR/Cas9 alleles at http://indcaps.kieber.cloudapps.unc.edu/.
title: Look and tell: Ist es möglich, einen Stein nach seiner Beschaffenheit im Rahmen einer endoskopischen Steinbergung zu bewerten? Gibt es eine Korrelation zwischen äußerem Erscheinungsbild und Steinanalyse?
Creators: name: Papadoukakis, Stefanos
name: Kammermeier, Gabrielle
name: Nellas, Spyridon
name: Horstmann, Marcus
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die Urolithiasis ist eine weitverbreitete Erkrankung, die 5–10 % der deutschen Bevölkerung betrifft. Im Hinblick auf die weitere Behandlung der Patienten ist das Wissen um die Steinzusammensetzung von erheblicher Bedeutung. Methode: Über einen Jahr ausgewertet wurden[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Is spaceflight-induced immune dysfunction linked to systemic changes in metabolism?
Creators: name: Mohney, Robert P.
name: Jonscher, Karen R.
name: Gridley, Daila S.
name: Mao, Xiao Wen
name: Bateman, Ted A.
name: Stodieck, Louis S.
name: Bellinger, Denise L.
name: Pecaut, Michael J.
name: Ferguson, Virginia L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The Space Shuttle Atlantis launched on its final mission (STS-135) on July 8, 2011. After just under 13 days, the shuttle landed safely at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) for the last time. Female C57BL/6J mice flew as part of the Commercial Biomedical Testing Module-3 (CBTM-3) payload. Ground controls were maintained at the KSC facility. Subsets of these mice were made available to investigators as part of NASA’s Bio-specimen Sharing Program (BSP). Our group characterized cell phenotype distributions and phagocytic function in the spleen, catecholamine and corticosterone levels in the adrenal glands, and transcriptomics/metabolomics in the liver. Despite decreases in most splenic leukocyte subsets, there were increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related activity. Although there were increases noted in corticosterone levels in both the adrenals and liver, there were no significant changes in catecholamine levels. Furthermore, functional analysis of gene expression and metabolomic profiles suggest that the functional changes are not due to oxidative or psychological stress. Despite changes in gene expression patterns indicative of increases in phagocytic activity (e.g. endocytosis and formation of peroxisomes), there was no corresponding increase in genes related to ROS metabolism. In contrast, there were increases in expression profiles related to fatty acid oxidation with decreases in glycolysis-related profiles. Given the clear link between immune function and metabolism in many ground-based diseases, we propose a similar link may be involved in spaceflight-induced decrements in immune and metabolic function.
title: Die Bedeutung von Serum-Hepcidin und Serum-GDF15 als prognostische Marker bei Patienten mit Urothelkarzinomen des oberen Harntrakts
Creators: name: Wiethoff, Helene
name: Steinbicker, Andrea U.
name: Herrmann, Edwin
name: Moritz, Rudolf
name: Träger, Lisa
name: Gallitz, Inka
name: Schrader, Andres Jan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Als prognostische Marker werden histologische, laborchemische oder genetische Faktoren bezeichnet, die bei einem gewissen Patientenkollektiv den Krankheitsverlauf vorhersagen können. Sie dienen dazu, Risikopatienten frühzeitig zu erkennen um durch eine entsprechende Therapie gegebenenfalls[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
title: Die nukleäre Lokalisation von Robo ist mit einem besseren krankheitsspezifischen Überleben beim Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase assoziiert
Creators: name: Krafft, Ulrich
name: Reis, Henning
name: Ingenwerth, Marc
name: Kovalszky, Ilona
name: Becker, Markus
name: Niedworok, Christian
name: Darr, Christopher
name: Nyirady, Peter
name: Hadaschik, Boris
name: Szarvas, Tibor
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Alterationen im Zusammenspiel des sekretierten Glycoproteins Slit und des transmembranen Rezeptors Robo wurden für diverse humane Malignome beschrieben. Die Rolle der Slit-Robo Interaktion beim Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase ist bis heute weitestgehend unklar. Diese Arbeit untersucht[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie