cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Investigating Sex-Related Bias in Brain MRI using Fair and Explainable Deep Learning
Creators: name: Dibaji, Seyede Mahsa
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Deep Learning
subject: Convolutional Neural Network
subject: Responsible Artifical Intelligence
subject: Explainable Artifical Intelligence
subject: Brain MRI
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: The increasing use of deep learning in medical imaging has raised concerns about fairness, particularly regarding sex-related biases. This thesis investigates these biases in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with two main aims: (1) assessing how sex differences influence predictive models and (2) identifying structural brain differences that contribute to these biases to improve fairness and interpretability in artificial intelligence-driven healthcare. To address the first aim, the thesis examines the impact of sex differences on brain age prediction. By training models on male-only, female-only, and mixed-sex datasets, it reveals significant disparities in prediction accuracy, demonstrating that standard training practices can amplify bias. Saliency maps further show that models prioritize different brain regions depending on dataset composition, reinforcing the need for sex-aware modeling to ensure unbiased and clinically meaningful predictions. To achieve the second aim, the thesis investigates the structural sex-related differences in the brain by developing a ``Sex Differences Map'' based on MRI data from multiple large-scale datasets. Post-hoc analysis reveals total intracranial volume as a confounding factor but also shows that the model captures finer cortical and subcortical differences beyond brain size. Key regions influencing sex classification span the inferior and superior frontal lobes, the mesial temporal cortex, and subcortical areas such as the internal capsule, optic chiasm, pons, and lateral cerebellar surfaces. Together, these studies emphasize the importance of transparency and fairness in artificial intelligence-based medical imaging. Close collaboration with radiologists ensures the clinical relevance of the findings. Future work could apply the sex differences map to identify and mitigate sex biases in disease classification and extend this approach to other demographic variables, contributing to more equitable healthcare solutions.
Supersymmetric traversable wormholes
Creators: name: Anabalon, Andres
name: de Wit, Bernard
name: Oliva, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study traversable wormhole solutions in pure gauged $N\!=\!2$ supergravity with and without electromagnetic fields, which are locally isometric under $\mathrm{SO}(2,1)\!\times\!\mathrm{SO}(1,1)$. The model allows for 1/2-BPS wormhole solutions whose corresponding globally defined Killing spinors are presented. A non-contractible cycle can be obtained by compactifying one of the coordinates which leaves the residual supersymmetry unaffected, the isometry group is now globally $\mathrm{SO}(2,1)\!\times\!\mathrm{SO}(2)$. The wormholes connect two asymptotic, locally $\mathrm{AdS}_4$ regions and depend on certain electric and magnetic charge parameters and, implicitly, on the range of the compact coordinate around the throat. We provide an analysis of the boundary of the spacetime and show that it can be either disconnected or not, depending on the values of the parameters in the metric. Finally, we show how that these space-times avoid a topological censorship theorem.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures. Published version with a detailed analysis of the boundary and a general proof on the circumvention of a topological censorship theorem
Self-assembled aggregates in the gravitational field: growth and nematic order
Creators: name: Baulin, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of the gravitational field on the reversible process of assembly and disassembly of linear aggregates is focus of this paper. Even the earth gravitational field can affect the equilibrium properties of heavy biological aggregates such as microtubules or actin filaments. The gravity gives rise to the concentration gradient which results in the distribution of aggregates of different lengths with height. Strong enough gravitational field induces the overall growth of the aggregates. The gravitational field facilitates the isotropic to nematic phase transition reflecting in a broader transition region. Coexisting phases have notedly different length distributions and the phase transition represent the interplay between the growth in the isotropic phase and the precipitation into nematic phase. The fields in an ultracentrifuge can only reinforce the effect of gravity, so the present description can be applied to a wider range of systems.
Direct observation of ion-induced self-organization and ripple propagation processes in atomistic simulations
Creators: name: A. Lopez-Cazalilla
name: F. Djurabekova
name: A. Ilinov
name: C. Fridlund
name: K. Nordlund
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Patterns on sand generated by blowing winds are one of the most commonly seen phenomena driven by such a self-organization process, as has been observed at the nanoscale after ion irradiation. The origins of this effect have been under debate for decades. Now, a new methodology allows to simulate directly the ripple formation by high-fluence ion-irradiation. Since this approach does not pre-assume a mechanism to trigger self-organization, it can provide answers to the origin of the ripple formation mechanism. The surface atom displacement and a pile-up effect are the driving force of ripple formation, analogously to the macroscopic one. The presented model allows to follow the ripple formation and propagation in different steps, at the atomic level, for the first time under low irradiation energies.
Prediction of Efficient Water Use in Crop Farming of Hebei Province
Creators: name: Shbi, Chen-Yang
name: Li, Yun-Chao
name: Pu, Na-Na
name: Liang, Ai-Guo
name: Wang, Hui-Jun
name: Shbi, Chen-Yang
name: Li, Yun-Chao
name: Pu, Na-Na
name: Liang, Ai-Guo
name: Wang, Hui-Jun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Efficient water use
subject: Water use efficiency
subject: Water-saving potential
subject: Prediction research
subject: Hebei Province

description: In order to alleviate the grim situation of groundwater overexploitation in Hebei Province, using the expert interview method and law of large numbers, we predict the water consumption and amount of water saving concerning 7 different crops in 3 schemes ("low", "medium", "high") under economical irrigation in different ecological areas during the period 2011—2015, and the period 2016—2020 in Hebei Province. (i) During the period 2011—2015, in "low" scheme, the water consumption will be about 12.9 billion m³, and the amount of water saving is about 1.4 billion m³; in "medium" scheme, the water consumption will be about 12.2 billion m³, and the amount of water saving will be about 2.1 billion m³; in "high" scheme, the water consumption will be about 11.5 billion m³, and the amount of water saving will be 2.8 billion m³. (ii) During the period 2016—2020, in "low" scheme, the water consumption will be about 12.3 billion m³, and the amount of water saving will be about 0.7 billion m³; in "medium" scheme, the water consumption will be about 11.2 billion m³, and the amount of water saving will be about 1 billion m³; in "high" scheme, the water consumption will be about 10.2 billion m³, and the amount of water saving will be 1.2 billion m³. We can find that each "medium" scheme is ideal, having the greatest feasibility, which can provide a theoretical basis for solving some problems in Hebei Province in the next 5 to 10 years, such as serious water resources shortage and overexploitation.
Developing the OECD 106 fate testing protocol for active pharmaceuticals in soil
Creators: name: Lees, Katherine E.
name: Fitzsimons, Mark F.
name: Snape, Jason
name: Tappin, Alan
name: Comber, Sean D. W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: The ability to determine accurately the fate of APIs in soil is essential for rigorous risk assessment associated with wastewater reuse or biosolid recycling to land, particularly in lower income countries where water and fertiliser is scarce. Four APIs (naproxen, ofloxacin, propranolol and nevirapine) with wide ranging functionality were used as examples in the development of the OECD 106 soil partitioning and/or degradation study, with naproxen used to illustrate applying the full methodology. The data showed key methodological criteria require careful consideration and testing to generate accurate and consistent results. Only glass fibre membranes were suitable for all APIs, without unduly adsorbing APIs to their surface, thus effectively restricting the minimum practical pore size to 0.7 µm. Polypropylene plastic centrifuge tubes were shown to be suitable, with careful determination of recoveries. Direct injection liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry could reliably resolve all 4 APIs down to less than µg L−1 in soil solutions, although allowance for matrix effects via standard additions was required in some cases. Greatest analytical challenges were found for the highest molecular weight API with the greatest affinity for sorption to surfaces (ofloxacin). Key variables that can impact on partitioning such as solution pH and dissolved organic carbon concentrations were shown to vary within tests over time and should be accounted for.
Local Couplings and Sl(2,R) Invariance for Gauge Theories at One Loop
Creators: name: Osborn, Hugh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The response of the one loop effective action for a gauge theory with local couplings $g(x),θ(x)$ under a local Weyl rescaling of the background metric is calculated. Apart from terms which may be removed by local contributions to the effective action the result is compatible with $Sl(2,R)$ symmetry acting on $g,θ$. Two loop effects are also discussed.
description: 10 pages, uses harvmac
Valuation of Ecosystem Services: Research Progress and Prospects
Creators: name: Feng, Ling
name: Feng, Ling
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Ecosystem services
subject: Value evaluation
subject: Research progress
subject: Research prospects

description: The ecosystem services are material base and natural capital for sustainable development of human being. Valuation of ecosystem services is favorable for people realizing the importance of natural ecosystem to human being, and considering its long-term influence on sustainable development of human society when making decisions. Besides, it is an attempt of ecology, geography and other natural sciences to influence social decision process by economic methods. The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital, written by Robert Costanza et al., in 1997, is generally regarded as a masterpiece for the research of valuing ecosystem services. However, the classifying standard of ecosystem services, the method of various services summation and the purpose for static global value, had confronted many criticisms. Still to now, accurately valuing ecosystem services is not easy, because of the complexity of natural ecosystem, the weak capability of economic system to pricing ecosystem services and the lack of more study in this field. Based on the criticisms summarizing and comprehensive analysis, further study suggestions of ecosystem services valuation is presented: multi-scale integrated and community participation applied in evaluation, dynamic changes of material value and intangible value of ecosystem services, investigation and simulation studies of the marginal value when ecosystem services changed, associated with related areas like ecological compensation research, and research on the market-oriented evaluation of ecosystem’s intangible values.
Verkehrsprobleme körperlich Behinderter: Bauliche Massnahmen im Strassenbau
Creators: name: Boesch, Hans
name: Dietrich, Karl
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 1971

description: In den bestehenden Normen für die Planung, Projektierung und Ausführung von Verkehrsanlagen sind weder die speziellen Probleme, die durch die Wiedereingliederung körperlich Behinderter entstehen noch diejenigen, die sich bejahrten Personen im Verkehrsgeschehen stellen, ausführlich behandelt worden,
Das Ziel des vorliegenden Berichtes besteht darin, den zuständigen Fachgremien eine Handhabe zu bieten, die ihnen erlaubt, bei der Schaffung von Normen und Vorschriften die Anliegen der Behinderten und Alten vermehrt zu berücksichtigen.
Formation and structure of the microemulsion phase in two-dimensional ternary AB+A+B polymeric emulsions
Creators: name: Düchs, Dominik
name: Schmid, Friederike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the structure of the fluctuation-induced microemulsion phase in a ternary blend of balanced AB diblock copolymers with equal amounts of A and B homopolymers. To this end, graphical analysis methods are employed to characterize two-dimensional configuration snapshots obtained with the recently introduced Field-Theoretic Monte Carlo (FTMC) method. We find that a microemulsion forms when the mean curvature diameter of the lamellar phase coincides roughly with the periodicity of the lamellar phase. Further, we provide evidence to the effect of a subclassification of the microemulsion into a genuine and a defect-driven region.
description: to appear in J. Chem. Phys
A Neighboring Dwarf Irregular Galaxy Hidden by the Milky Way
Creators: name: Massey, Philip
name: Henning, P. A.
name: Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained VLA and optical follow-up observations of the low-velocity H I source HIZSS 3 discovered by Henning et al. (2000) and Rivers (2000) in a survey for nearby galaxies hidden by the disk of the Milky Way. Its radio characteristics are consistent with this being a nearby (~1.8 Mpc) low-mass dwarf irregular galaxy (dIm). Our optical imaging failed to reveal a resolved stellar population, but did detect an extended H-alpha emission region. The location of the H-alpha source is coincident with a partially-resolved H I cloud in the 21-cm map. Spectroscopy confirms that the H$α$ source has a similar radial velocity to that of the H I emission at this location, and thus we have identified an optical counterpart. The H$α$ emission (100 pc in diameter and with a luminosity of $1.4\times10^{38}$ ergs s$^{-1}$) is characteristic of a single H II region containing a modest population of OB stars. The galaxy's radial velocity and distance from the solar apex suggests that it is not a Local Group member, although a more accurate distance is needed to be certain. The properties of HIZSS 3 are comparable to those of GR 8, a nearby dIm with a modest amount of current star formation. Further observations are needed to characterize its stellar population, determine the chemical abundances, and obtain a more reliable distance estimate.
description: Scheduled for the November 2003 issue of the Astronomical Journal
THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE TO THE ARKANSAS ECONOMY
Creators: name: McGraw, Katherine
name: Popp, Jennie S. Hughes
name: Miller, Wayne P.
name: McGraw, Katherine
name: Popp, Jennie S. Hughes
name: Miller, Wayne P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: contribution analysis
subject: Arkansas
subject: agriculture

description: Our analysis found that agriculture is responsible for approximately 17% of jobs, labor income and value added in the state. More than half of the contributions accrue in nonagricultural sectors. Continued strength of agriculture is of paramount importance to maintain the social and economic fabric of rural Arkansas communities.
Theory of the Weakly Interacting Bose Gas
Creators: name: Andersen, Jens O
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent advances in the theory of the three-dimensional dilute homogeneous Bose gas at zero and finite temperature. Effective field theory methods are used to formulate a systematic perturbative framework that can be used to calculate the properties of the system at T=0. The perturbative expansion of these properties is essentially an expansion in the gas parameter $\sqrt{na^3}$, where $a$ is the s-wave scattering length and $n$ is the number density. In particular, the leading quantum corrections to the ground state energy density, the condensate depletion, and long-wavelength collective excitations are rederived in and efficient and economical manner. We also discuss nonuniversal effects. These effects are higher-order corrections that depend on properties of the interatomic potential other than the scattering length, such as the effective range. We critically examine various approaches to the dilute Bose gas in equilibrium at finite temperature. These include the Bogoliubov approximation, the Popov approximation, the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation, the $Φ$-derivable approach, optimized perturbation theory, and renormalization group techniques. Finally, we review recent calculations of the critical temperature of the dilute Bose gas, which include 1/N-techniques, lattice simulations, self-consistent calculations, and variational perturbation theory.
description: 44 pages, 20 Postscript figures. Revised version. Expanded by 7 pages and 4 figs. Updated section on T_c and updated list of references. Discussion on atomic potentials and effective field theory added. Revised version accepted for publication in Review of Modern physics
Unraveling the 4f electronic structures of cerium monopnictides
Creators: name: Lu, Haiyan
name: Huang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to unveil the 4f electronic structures in cerium monopnictides (CeX, where X = N, P, As, Sb, and Bi), we employed a state-of-the-art first-principles many-body approach, namely the density functional theory in combination with the single-site dynamical mean-field theory, to make detailed calculations. We find that the 4f electrons in CeN are highly itinerant and mixed-valence, showing a prominent quasi-particle peak near the Fermi level. On the contrary, they become well localized and display weak valence fluctuation in CeBi. It means that a 4f itinerant-localized crossover could emerge upon changing the X atom from N to Bi. Moreover, according to the low-energy behaviors of 4f self-energy functions, we could conclude that the 4f electrons in CeX also demonstrate interesting orbital-selective electronic correlations, which are similar to the other cerium-based heavy fermion compounds.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Spectral theory of imperfect diffusion-controlled reactions on heterogeneous catalytic surfaces
Creators: name: Grebenkov, Denis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general theoretical description of chemical reactions occurring on a catalytic surface with heterogeneous reactivity. The propagator of a diffusion-reaction process with eventual absorption on the heterogeneous partially reactive surface is expressed in terms of a much simpler propagator toward a homogeneous perfectly reactive surface. In other words, the original problem with general Robin boundary condition that includes in particular mixed Robin-Neumann condition, is reduced to that with Dirichlet boundary condition. Chemical kinetics on the surface is incorporated as a matrix representation of the surface reactivity in the eigenbasis of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. New spectral representations of important characteristics of diffusion-controlled reactions, such as the survival probability, the distribution of reaction times, and the reaction rate, are deduced. Theoretical and numerical advantages of this spectral approach are illustrated by solving interior and exterior problems for a spherical surface that may describe either an escape from a ball or hitting its surface from outside. The effect of continuously varying or piecewise constant surface reactivity (describing, e.g., many reactive patches) is analyzed.
Are you an ambitious cyclist? Results of the cyclist profile questionnaire in Germany
Creators: name: Francke, Angela
name: Anke, Juliane
name: Lißner, Sven
name: Lisa-Marie Schaefer
name: Becker, Till
name: Petzoldt, Tibor
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: A number of studies have already grouped cyclists according to different aspects of their mobility behavior. This could be used e.g., to improve the bicycle infrastructure planning, to detect critical spots and, to reduce obstacles for cycling. This wide, preexisting, range of cyclist typologies usually concentrates on one or two influence factors and differs, content-wise, in both factors used, as well as, methodically. Based on existing cyclist typologies we extracted all possible influence factors to integrate them in one single questionnaire. The objective of this study, using an empirical, based approach, is to compare this typology of cyclists with existing ones, integrating all known influence factors of recent studies. Methods: To address these issues, we conducted a Germany-wide online survey on cycling behavior, covering all relevant aspects we derived from both literature and especially, former cyclist typology studies including: social factors; the impact of environmental, individual; and route factors; as well as motives. The main goal was to identify distinct types of cyclists, and describe them as detailed as possible. The heterogeneous sample included a total of 10,294 responses. Results: Using factor and cluster analyses, a multidimensional typology with four groups of cyclists was derived which were interpreted as: ambitious, functional, pragmatic, and passionate cyclists. In addition, socio-economic factors, cyclist’s motivation, and crash history were analyzed. Conclusion: The results produced by grouping different characteristics of cyclists can lead to policy recommendations or communal bicycle traffic planning. Policy planners can estimate reactions of the different types on interventions and adjust their decisions which can serve to support already passionate cyclists or, encourage normally under-represented infrequent cyclists to cycle more. The extent of perceived safety plays here an important role in the classification, e.g., the handling of high-risk areas for crashes.
Strong anisotropy of superfluid $^4$He counterflow turbulence
Creators: name: Biferale, L.
name: Khomenko, D.
name: L'vov, V. S.
name: Pomyalov, A.
name: Procaccia, I.
name: Sahoo, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a combined theoretical and numerical study of counterflow turbulence in superfluid $^{4}$He in a wide range of parameters. The energy spectra of the velocity fluctuations of both the normal-fluid and superfluid components are strongly anisotropic. The angular dependence of the correlation between velocity fluctuations of the two components plays the key role. A selective energy dissipation intensifies as scales decrease, with the streamwise velocity fluctuations becoming dominant. Most of the flow energy is concentrated in a wavevector plane which is orthogonal to the direction of the counterflow. The phenomenon becomes more prominent at higher temperatures as the coupling between the components depends on the temperature and the direction with respect to the counterflow velocity.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Gauge Theories on the Light-Front
Creators: name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light-front quantization of gauge theories in light-cone gauge provides a frame-independent wavefunction representation of relativistic bound states, simple forms for current matrix elements, explicit unitary, and a trivial vacuum. The light-front Hamiltonian form of QCD provides an alternative to lattice gauge theory for the computation of nonperturbative quantities such as the hadronic spectrum and the corresponding eigenfunctions. In the case of the electroweak theory, spontaneous symmetry breaking is represented by the appearance of zero modes of the Higgs field. Light-front quantization then leads to an elegant ghost-free theory of massive gauge particles, automatically incorporating the Lorentz and 't Hooft conditions, as well as the Goldstone boson equivalence theorem.
description: Invited talk presented at the XXIII Encontro Nacional de Fisica de Particulas e Campos, (The XXIII National Meeting of Particles and Fields), Aguas se Lindoila, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 15-19 October 2002
Flying on-demand taxis: A myth or reality?
Creators: name: Balać, Miloš
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019
Subjects: UAM
VTOL
MATSim

description: Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a futuristic concept that utilizes on-demand aerial vehicles to transport people in urban settings. Companies like UBER and AIRBUS are openly talking about implementing such service in the near future, using Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) vehicles that are designed to be less noisy and more efficient than traditional helicopters. Integrating this kind of service in the areal space in urban areas and connecting it to existing transportation systems is a challenging task. Many questions arise, from regulations and insurance, over vehicle design and infrastructure placement, to market penetration and connectivity to already built transportation networks. 
This paper summarizes challenges to implement such a service and investigates market penetration in Zurich, Switzerland using an agent-based simulation. We investigatethe market potential by varying pricing structures, vehicle characteristics, and infrastructure placement. This gives as a general understanding of the demand for UAM in the high income, low-density metropolitan region like Zurich, Switzerland
Spectral function of a Luttinger liquid coupled to phonons and angle-resolved photoemission measurements in the cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Bindloss, Ian P.
name: Kivelson, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the finite-temperature single-particle spectral function of a one-dimensional Luttinger liquid coupled to an optical phonon band. The calculation is performed exactly for the case in which electron-phonon coupling is purely forward scattering. We extend the results to include backward scattering with a renormalization group treatment. The dispersion contains a change in velocity at the phonon energy, qualitatively similar to the case of electron-phonon coupling in a Fermi liquid. If the backward scattering part of the the electron-phonon interaction is not too strong compared to the forward scattering part, coupling to phonons also produces a pronounced peak in the spectral function at low energies. The calculated spectral function is remarkably similar to the angle-resolved photoemission spectra of the high-temperature superconductors, including the apparent presence of "nodal quasiparticles," the presence of a "kink" in the dispersion, and the non-Fermi-liquid frequency and temperature dependencies. Although a microscopic justification has not been established for treating the electronic dynamics of the cuprates as quasi-one-dimensional, at the very least we take the quality of the comparison as evidence of the non-Fermi-liquid character of the measured spectra.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures. Phys. Rev. B (in press)
The Scott correction in Dirac-Fock theory
Creators: name: Fournais, Soeren
name: Lewin, Mathieu
name: Triay, Arnaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give the first derivation of the Scott correction in the large-$Z$ expansion of the energy of an atom in Dirac-Fock theory without projections.
Impact of vehicle automation and electric propulsion on production costs for mobility services worldwide
Creators: name: Becker, Henrik
name: Becker, Felix
name: Axhausen, Kay W.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019

description: Automated driving technology along with electric propulsion are widely expected to fundamentally change our transport systems. They may not only allow a more productive use of travel time, but will likely trigger completely new business models in the mobility market. A key determinant of the future prospects of both existing and new mobility services will be their production costs. Hence, in this research the production costs of various transport modes both today and in an automated-electric future are analyzed.To account for different local contexts, the study is conducted for 17 cities across the globe. The results indicate that high-income countries will benefit the most from vehicle automation, while only smaller changes can be expected in lower-income countries. This is due to the different relative contribution of labor cost to the total cost of current taxi and bus operations. In a likely final state, transportation costs will be largely decoupled from a country's income level, which will favor productivity in higher-income locations.
Factors affecting injury severity of single-vehicle rollover crashes in the United States
Creators: name: Khan, Ihsan Ullah
name: Vachal, Kimberly
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: This study investigated the confounding effects of factors on injury outcomes for all occupants in fatal single-vehicle crashes that involved a rollover event. Method: A generalized ordered logit model was used to investigate the role of roadway attributes, environmental factors, driver characteristics, and vehicle features in injury severity outcomes for occupants. Five years of single-vehicle rollover crash data for the United States were studied. Results: Results showed that the likelihood of serious and fatal injuries increases in rollover crashes with partial or complete ejection of the occupant, no seat belt use, speeding, higher posted speed limits, roadside and median rollovers, undulating terrain, blacktop road surface, and rural roads. We also found that evening, weekdays, previous driver crash, careless or inattentive driving, driver–passenger engagement, aggressive driving, and vehicle type affect injury severity. The deployment of airbags was associated with fewer serious and fatal injuries. Regional differences were found for injury severity outcomes in rollover crashes. Conclusions: The study provides valuable insight for reducing injury severity in single-vehicle crashes where a rollover occurs. Several proven countermeasures may prevent rollovers or reduce injury severity. These strategies include increasing seatbelt use, posting lower speed limits and installing speed enforcement cameras in high-risk areas, flattening roadside embankments, and promoting in-vehicle stability enhancement systems such as electronic stability control and rollover-activated side curtain airbags.
Atractides pumilus
Creators: name: Gerecke, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hygrobatidae
Atractides
Atractides pumilus

description: Atractides (s. str.) pumilus (Szalay, 1946)
(Figs 27 N-P)
 Material examined: Emilia Romagna: I 1375, 1/0/0 slide; Sicilia: Palermitan mountains, Peloritani. I 282, 0/1/0 slide; I 495 Int, 1/0/2 slide; I dp 06, 0/1/0 slide; I dp 56, 1/0/0 slide. 5 sites, 7 specimens.
Previously published records from Italy: Emilia-Romagna (Gerecke & Di Sabatino 2013); Sardegna (Gerecke 2014b).
Habitat: Considered hyporheobiont, but most specimens from the study area collected from stream benthos. Middle order streams in the macchia vegetation belt, 260-670 m.
Distribution: Central and southern Europe.
description: Published as part of Gerecke, Reinhard, 2021, The water mites of the family Hygrobatidae (Acari, Hydrachnidia) in Italy, pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 5009 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5009.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5157635
Non-equilibrium properties of the S=1/2 Heisenberg model in a time-dependent magnetic field
Creators: name: Turkowski, V.
name: Vieira, V. R.
name: Sacramento, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-dependent behavior of the Heisenberg model in contact with a phonon heat bath and in an external time-dependent magnetic field is studied by means of a path integral approach. The action of the phonon heat bath is taken into account up to the second order in the coupling to the heath bath. It is shown that there is a minimal value of the magnetic field below which the average magnetization of the system does not relax to equilibrium when the external magnetic field is flipped. This result is in qualitative agreement with the mean field results obtained within $ϕ^{4}$-theory.
description: To be published in Physica A
A Foundation for Objective Forecasts of Cotton Yields
Creators: name: Hendricks, Walter A.
name: Huddleston, Harold F.
name: Hendricks, Walter A.
name: Huddleston, Harold F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1955
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: As part of the expanded research program in the Agricultural Estimates Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, United States Department of Agriculture, extensive plant observations were made over the old Cotton Belt during the 1954 season. The data were studied in relation to final yields so that similar observations, taken before harvest in the 1955 season, may be used to make experimental forecasts of yields. This paper summarizes the findings of the 1954 work and indicates how the results may be used in 1955. The results are in terms of average relationships for the region as a whole and should not be expected to apply to any one locality within the region.
title: Sebastião Nunes da Mata
Creators: name: Margato, Gonçalo
name: Silva, Sandra Osório da
Publisher: name: CHAM, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Year: 2022

description: Entrada biográfica sobre Sebastião Nunes da Mata, na plataforma eViterbo
description: Margato, Gonçalo. Silva, Sandra Osório da. 2022. Sebastião Nunes da Mata in eViterbo. CHAM, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. eISBN: 978-989-8492-77-7
Empirical Estimates of Cost Functions for Mixed Feed Mills in the Midwest
Creators: name: Phillips, Richard
name: Phillips, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1956
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Plants in agricultural marketing and processing industries, generally speaking, function in an imperfectly competitive environment and therefore do not necessarily face perfectly elastic supply functions for inputs, or perfectly elastic demand functions for outputs. Relevant coefficients in cost functions of such firms often are dependent on supply as well as production coefficients. Indeed, in contrast to farm production, here the more interesting relationships may arise from price functions rather than production functions. Determination of reliable cost-function estimates under such conditions presents a real challenge to researchers. The accompanying discussion of the estimation of empirical cost functions in such firms is published as journal paper number J-2860 of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, project number 1224.
Additional file 1 of The study of neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanism of Naoshuantong capsule on ischemia stroke mice
Creators: name: Luo, Lvkeng
name: Wu, Shuling
name: Chen, Ruiqi
name: Rao, Hongyu
name: Peng, Wei
name: Su, Weiwei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The absorbed constituents and metabolites detected in brain. Figure S1. The absorbed constituents and metabolites detected in brain. Table S2. Test terms and scoring standards of mNSS. Table S3. Identification of phytochemical components in NSTC and absorbed components in mice tissues. Table S4. Topology characteristics of hub nodes from PPI network. Table S5. The common signaling pathways shared by 138 putative targets and differentially expressed genes at 4h, 24h, 7d after ischemic stroke.
Avoiding stranded bicycles in free-floating bicycle-sharing systems: Using survival analysis to derive operational rules for rebalancing
Creators: name: Guidon, Sergio
name: Tchervenkov, Christopher
name: Becker, Henrik
name: Axhausen, Kay W.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019

description: In order to optimize operations and increase revenue, free-floating (electric) bicycle sharing operators periodically move bicycles to high demand areas (a process known as rebalancing). As rebalancing is time and cost intensive, an important question that arises, is which bikes should be moved and which bikes are expected to be booked by the users within an acceptable period of time.
In this paper, two survival analysis methods are used to analyzethe time until the occurrence of the next booking event: the Cox proportional hazards model and random survival forests. Locational characteristics, weather data, day of the week, as well as the number of other bikes in the vicinity are used to model time to booking. 
Based on the results, the potential of survival analysis for improving operations of a free-floating (e-)bike sharing system is discussed.
Coherent trapping in small quantum networks
Creators: name: Pope, T. J.
name: Rajendran, J.
name: Ridolfo, A.
name: Paladino, E.
name: Pellegrino, F. M. D.
name: Falci, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a three-node fully connected network (Delta network) showing that a coherent population trapping phenomenon occurs, generalizing results for the Lambda network known to support a dark state. Transport in such structures provides signatures of detrapping, which can be triggered by external controls. In the presence of an environment it turns out to be sensitive to its Markovianity. Adiabatic modulation of the system's parameters may yield coherent population transfer, analogous to the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage phenomenon. Robustness of this protocol against non-adiabatic transitions is studied. Coherent nanostructures where these phenomena are relevant for quantum transport and quantum protocols are suggested.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Long-distance buses in Switzerland: An examination of their substitution effects for long-distance travel (50km+)
Creators: name: Schatzmann, Thomas
name: Tanner, Reto
name: Axhausen, Kay W.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019

description: The main target of this study is to examine the substitution effects of long-distance busesin Switzerland (50km+) and how they will affect mode choice of trains and cars. 
The study is based on a two-phase survey. In the first one, we try to capture the respondents’ travel behaviour through an online-access-panel, asking them for their journeys inside Switzerland within the last two months. The second phase focusses on their preferences, attitudes and willingness to pay for different means of transport. Given their stated journeys in part one, we construct a stated choice experiment to explore the trade-offs that the respondents make between long-distance modes by varying the number of changes, access/egress and travel times, comfort features and its prices. We will establish if respondents have strong preferences about their options.
Based on the data that we are currently collecting, together with the recent Swiss mobility and transport Microcensus, we will estimate discrete choice models that allow us to calculate demand elasticities for the different modes considered. We will estimate elasticities for different types of origin-destination pairs, trip purposes and socio-demographic characteristics.
Quantum spin liquids: a large-S route
Creators: name: Tchernyshyov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores the large-S route to quantum disorder in the Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice and its homologues in lower dimensions. It is shown that zero-point fluctuations of spins shape up a valence-bond solid at low temperatures for one two-dimensional lattice and a liquid with very short-range valence-bond correlations for another. A one-dimensional model demonstrates potential significance of quantum interference effects (as in Haldane's gap): the quantum melting of a valence-bond order yields different valence-bond liquids for integer and half-integer values of S.
description: Proceedings of Highly Frustrated Magnetism 2003 (Grenoble), 6 LaTeX pages
Atractides robustus
Creators: name: Gerecke, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hygrobatidae
Atractides
Atractides robustus

description: Atractides (s. str.) robustus (Sokolow, 1940)
(Figs 29 G-I; 32 X)
 Material examined: Basilicata: I 442, 0/1/0 slide; Calabria: I 103, 2/0/0; I 104, 0/1/0 slide; I 105, 1/0/0 slide; I 106, 1/0/1; I 412, 4/4/0 (1/1/0 slide); I 414, 1/5/0 (0/1/0 slide); I 419, 1/3/2; I 435, 0/3/0; I sa 10, 1/0/0; Friuli-Venezia Giulia: I Dor 2 riffle 27.09.2016, 0/1/0; I Dor 4 riffle 27.06.2016, 0/2/0; I Dor 6 riffle 16.05.2017, 0/1/0; I Dor 2 pool 27.09.2016, 1/0/0; Dor 4 pool 27.09.2016, 0/3/0; Dor 6 pool 16.05.2017, 1/0/0; Sicilia: Etna, Iblei, Nebrodi, Peloritani (here most frequent); I 1, 15/7/9 (2/4/0 slide); I 39, 32/27/2; I 48, 1/0/0; I 56, 3/1/0; I 61, 47/96/28; I 134, 0/1/0 slide; I 646, 1/0/0 slide; I 662, 0/3/0; I 1068, 3/1/0 (1/1/0 slide); I 1074 c, 0/1/0; I 1076 c, 1/2/1; I 1076 e, 0/1/2; I 1076 f, 3/1/0; I 1076 g, 1/0/0; I 1077 b, 7/7/0; I 1077 c, 0/11/0; I 1077 d, 9/5/0; I 1077 e, 3/19/0; I 1077 f, 0/1/0; I 1077 i, 0/1/0; I 1078 a, 3/4/0; I 1078 b, 3/2/0; I 1078 e, 1/6/0; I 1078 f, 0/4/0; I 1078 i, 0/1/0; I dp 03, 0/1/0; I dp 04, 0/1/0; I dp 07, 0/1/0; I dp 12, 0/0/1 slide; I dp 14, 0/1/0 slide; I dp 22, 2/1/0 slide; I dp 37, 0/1/0; I dp 49, 1/2/0 slide; I dp 62, 1/1/0; I dp 65, 0/1/0; I dp 66, 1/0/0 slide; I dp 68, 0/5/0 slide; I dp 83, 1/1/0 slide; I dp 85, 1/4/1; I dp 96, 1/0/0 slide; I dp 99, 0/1/0 slide; I dp 111, 6/1/0; I dp 128, 0/1/0 slide; I dp 136, 1/4/0 slide; I sa 15, 0/1/0. 49 sites, 467 specimens.
Previously published records from Italy: Emilia-Romagna (Gerecke & Di Sabatino 2013); Sardegna (Gerecke 2014b).
Habitat. Rhithrobiont. Middle order streams, two uncertain single records from springs, 20-1600 m, most records from middle elevations.
 Remarks: For attribution of females, see above under A. nodipalpis.
Distribution: Central and Southern Europe, Middle East.
description: Published as part of Gerecke, Reinhard, 2021, The water mites of the family Hygrobatidae (Acari, Hydrachnidia) in Italy, pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 5009 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5009.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5157635
MOESM5 of Protocol for a randomized controlled trial examining multilevel prediction of response to behavioral activation and exposure-based therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Creators: name: J. Santiago
name: E. Akeman
name: N. Kirlic
name: A. Clausen
name: K. Cosgrove
name: T. McDermott
name: B. Mathis
name: M. Paulus
name: M. Craske
name: J. Abelson
name: C. Martell
name: K. Wolitzky-Taylor
name: J. Bodurka
name: W. Thompson
name: Aupperle, Robin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Study consent form: The informed consent document approved by the Western Institutional Review Board.
Spin-Hall transport of heavy holes in III-V semiconductor quantum wells
Creators: name: Schliemann, John
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate spin transport of heavy holes in III-V semiconductor quantum wells in the presence of spin-orbit coupling of the Rashba type due to structure-inversion asymmetry. Similarly to the case of electrons, the longitudinal spin conductivity vanishes, whereas the off-diagonal elements of the spin-conductivity tensor are finite giving rise to an intrinsic spin-Hall effect. For a clean system we find a closed expression for the spin-Hall conductivity depending on the length scale of the Rashba coupling and the hole density. In this limit the spin-Hall conductivity is enhanced compared to its value for electron systems, and it vanishes with increasing strength of the impurity scattering. As an aside, we also derive explicit expressions for the Fermi momenta and the densities of holes in the different dispersion branches as a function of the spin-orbit coupling parameter and the total hole density. These results are of relevance for the interpretation of possible Shubnikov-de Haas measurements detecting the Rashba spin splitting.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures included, some prefactor corrected, version to be published in Phys. Rev. B