cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A bioeconomic model for weed management in corn and soybean
Creators: name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Advisor: Robert P. King
Alteration of Chemical Concentrations through Discreteness-Induced Transitions in Small Autocatalytic Systems
Creators: name: Togashi, Yuichi
name: Kaneko, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study an autocatalytic system consisting of several interacting chemical species. We observe a strong dependence of the concentrations of the chemicals on the size of the system. This dependence is caused by the discrete nature of the molecular concentrations. Two basic mechanisms responsible for them are identified and elucidated. The relevance of the transitions to processes in biochemical systems and in micro-reactors is briefly discussed.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, latex, to appear in Jour. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Joint, Partially-joint, and Individual Independent Component Analysis in Multi-Subject fMRI Data
Creators: name: Pakravan, Mansooreh
name: Shamsollahi, Mohammad Bagher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Objective: Joint analysis of multi-subject brain imaging datasets has wide applications in biomedical engineering. In these datasets, some sources belong to all subjects (joint), a subset of subjects (partially-joint), or a single subject (individual). In this paper, this source model is referred to as joint/partially-joint/individual multiple datasets multidimensional (JpJI-MDM), and accordingly, a source extraction method is developed. Method: We present a deflation-based algorithm utilizing higher order cumulants to analyze the JpJI-MDM source model. The algorithm maximizes a cost function which leads to an eigenvalue problem solved with thin-SVD (singular value decomposition) factorization. Furthermore, we introduce the JpJI-feature which indicates the spatial shape of each source and the amount of its jointness with other subjects. We use this feature to determine the type of sources. Results: We evaluate our algorithm by analyzing simulated data and two real functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets. In our simulation study, we will show that the proposed algorithm determines the type of sources with the accuracy of 95% and 100% for 2-class and 3-class clustering scenarios, respectively. Furthermore, our algorithm extracts meaningful joint and partially-joint sources from the two real datasets, which are consistent with the existing neuroscience studies. Conclusion: Our results in analyzing the real datasets reveal that both datasets follow the JpJI-MDM source model. This source model improves the accuracy of source extraction methods developed for multi-subject datasets. Significance: The proposed joint blind source separation algorithm is robust and avoids parameters which are difficult to fine-tune.
Targeting chondroitinase ABC to axons enhances the ability of chondroitinase to promote neurite outgrowth and sprouting
Creators: name: Day, Priscilla
name: Alves, Nuno
name: Daniell, Esther
name: Dasgupta, Debayan
name: Ogborne, Rosalie
name: Steeper, Ashley
name: Raza, Mansoor
name: Ellis, Clare
name: Fawcett, James
name: Keynes, Roger
name: Muir, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Research and analysis methods
Medicine and health sciences

description: Background: There is currently no effective treatment for promoting regeneration of injured nerves in patients who have sustained injury to the central nervous system such as spinal cord injury. Chondroitinase ABC is an enzyme, which promotes neurite outgrowth and regeneration. It has shown considerable promise as a therapy for these conditions. The aim of the study is to determine if targeting chondroitinase ABC expression to the neuronal axon can further enhance its ability to promote axon outgrowth. Long-distance axon regeneration has not yet been achieved, and would be a significant step in attaining functional recovery following spinal cord injury. Methodology/Principal findings: To investigate this, neuronal cultures were transfected with constructs encoding axon-targeted chondroitinase, non-targeted chondroitinase or GFP, and the effects on neuron outgrowth and sprouting determined on substrates either permissive or inhibitory to neuron regeneration. The mechanisms underlying the observed effects were also explored. Targeting chondroitinase to the neuronal axon markedly enhances its ability to promote neurite outgrowth. The increase in neurite length is associated with an upregulation of β-integrin staining at the axonal cell surface. Staining for phosphofocal adhesion kinase, is also increased, indicating that the β-integrins are in an activated state. Expression of chondroitinase within the neurons also resulted in a decrease in expression of PTEN and RhoA, molecules which present a block to neurite outgrowth, thus identifying two of the pathways by which ChABC promotes neurite outgrowth. Conclusions / Significance: The novel finding that targeting ChABC to the axon significantly enhances its ability to promote neurite extension, suggests that this may be an effective way of promoting long-distance axon regeneration following spinal cord injury. It could also potentially improve its efficacy in the treatment of other pathologies, where it has been shown to promote recovery, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and Parkinson’s disease.
The mutational landscape of melanoma brain metastases presenting as the first visceral site of recurrence
Creators: name: Rabbie, Roy
name: Ferguson, Peter
name: Wong, Kim
name: Couturier, Dominique-Laurent
name: Moran, Una
name: Turner, Clinton
name: Emanuel, Patrick
name: Haas, Kerstin
name: Saunus, Jodi M.
name: Davidson, Morgan R.
name: Lakhani, Sunil R.
name: Shivalingam, Brindha
name: Long, Georgina V.
name: Parkinson, Christine
name: Osman, Iman
name: Scolyer, Richard A.
name: Corrie, Pippa
name: Adams, David J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Brief Communication
/631/67/1922
/631/67/322
/631/67/1813/1634
/692/4028/67/1857
/692/4017/67
brief-communication

description: Funder: Wellcome Trust (Wellcome); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100004440
description: Abstract: Brain metastases are a major cause of melanoma-related mortality and morbidity. We undertook whole-exome sequencing of 50 tumours from patients undergoing surgical resection of brain metastases presenting as the first site of visceral disease spread and validated our findings in an independent dataset of 18 patients. Brain metastases had a similar driver mutational landscape to cutaneous melanomas in TCGA. However, KRAS was the most significantly enriched driver gene, with 4/50 (8%) of brain metastases harbouring non-synonymous mutations. Hotspot KRAS mutations were mutually exclusive from BRAFV600, NRAS and HRAS mutations and were associated with a reduced overall survival from the resection of brain metastases (HR 10.01, p = 0.001). Mutations in KRAS were clonal and concordant with extracranial disease, suggesting that these mutations are likely present within the primary. Our analyses suggest that KRAS mutations could help identify patients with primary melanoma at higher risk of brain metastases who may benefit from more intensive, protracted surveillance.
A comparative study of autistic and non-autistic women’s experience of motherhood
Creators: name: Pohl, A. L.
name: Crockford, S. K.
name: Blakemore, M.
name: Allison, C.
name: Baron-Cohen, S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research
Autism
Motherhood
Parenting

description: Abstract: Background: Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental difference and disability, yet there is limited research examining parenting in autistic mothers. Objective: To explore autistic mothers’ experience of the perinatal period and parenthood. This includes pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, self-perception of parenting strengths and weaknesses, communication with professionals in relation to one’s child, mental health difficulties and the social experience of motherhood. It also includes disclosing one’s diagnosis of autism in parenting contexts. Methods: We used a community-based participatory research model, and recruited an advisory panel, with whom we co-developed an anonymous, online survey for autistic mothers. The online survey was completed by autistic and non-autistic mothers, and we compared their responses using Chi-squared analysis. Sample: Autistic mothers (n = 355), and non-autistic mothers (n = 132), each of whom had at least one autistic child, were included in our final analysis. Results: There were differences in education, gender identity and age of mother at birth of first child. Autistic mothers were more likely to have experienced additional psychiatric conditions, including pre- or post-partum depression, and reported greater difficulties in areas such as multi-tasking, coping with domestic responsibilities and creating social opportunities for their child. They were also more likely to report feeling misunderstood by professionals, and reported greater anxiety, higher rates of selective mutism, and not knowing which details were appropriate to share with professionals. They were also more likely to find motherhood an isolating experience, to worry about others judging their parenting, or feel unable to turn to others for support in parenting. However, despite these challenges, autistic mothers were able to act in the best interest of their child, putting their child’s needs first. Conclusions: Autistic mothers face unique challenges and the stigma associated with autism may further exacerbate communication difficulties. Greater understanding and acceptance amongst individuals who interact with autistic mothers is needed, and autistic mothers would benefit from additional and better-tailored support.
Constraining the Cosmological Density of Compact Objects with the Long-Term Variability of Quasars
Creators: name: Zackrisson, Erik
name: Bergvall, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By comparing the results from numerical microlensing simulations to the observed long-term variability of quasars, strong upper limits on the cosmological density of compact objects in the 0.0001-1 solar mass range may in principle be imposed. Here, this method is generalized from the Einstein-de Sitter universe to the currently favored Omega_M=0.3, Omega_Lambda=0.7 cosmology and applied to the latest observational samples. We show that the use of high-redshift quasars from variability-selected samples has the potential to substantially improve current constraints on compact objects in this mass range. We also investigate to what extent the upper limits on such hypothetical dark matter populations are affected by assumptions concerning the size of the optical continuum-emitting region of quasars and the velocity dispersion of compact objects. We find that mainly due to uncertainties in the typical value of the source size, cosmologically significant populations of compact objects cannot safely be ruled out with this method at the present time.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Poisson CNN: Convolutional neural networks for the solution of the Poisson equation on a Cartesian mesh
Creators: name: Özbay, Ali Girayhan
name: Hamzehloo, Arash
name: Laizet, Sylvain
name: Tzirakis, Panagiotis
name: Rizos, Georgios
name: Schuller, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62M45, 65N99

description: The Poisson equation is commonly encountered in engineering, for instance in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) where it is needed to compute corrections to the pressure field to ensure the incompressibility of the velocity field. In the present work, we propose a novel fully convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to infer the solution of the Poisson equation on a 2D Cartesian grid with different resolutions given the right hand side term, arbitrary boundary conditions and grid parameters. It provides unprecedented versatility for a CNN approach dealing with partial differential equations. The boundary conditions are handled using a novel approach by decomposing the original Poisson problem into a homogeneous Poisson problem plus four inhomogeneous Laplace sub-problems. The model is trained using a novel loss function approximating the continuous $L^p$ norm between the prediction and the target. Even when predicting on grids denser than previously encountered, our model demonstrates encouraging capacity to reproduce the correct solution profile. The proposed model, which outperforms well-known neural network models, can be included in a CFD solver to help with solving the Poisson equation. Analytical test cases indicate that our CNN architecture is capable of predicting the correct solution of a Poisson problem with mean percentage errors below 10%, an improvement by comparison to the first step of conventional iterative methods. Predictions from our model, used as the initial guess to iterative algorithms like Multigrid, can reduce the RMS error after a single iteration by more than 90% compared to a zero initial guess.
description: 34 pages, 18 figures. Publ{\i}shed in Data Centric Engineering. Code available at https://github.com/aligirayhanozbay/poisson_CNN
Single cell analysis reveals human cytomegalovirus drives latently infected cells towards an anergic-like monocyte state
Creators: name: Shnayder, Miri
name: Nachshon, Aharon
name: Rozman, Batsheva
name: Bernshtein, Biana
name: Lavi, Michael
name: Fein, Noam
name: Poole, Emma
name: Avdic, Selmir
name: Blyth, Emily
name: Gottlieb, David
name: Abendroth, Allison
name: Slobedman, Barry
name: Sinclair, John
name: Stern-Ginossar, Noam
name: Schwartz, Michal
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Microbiology and Infectious Disease
cytomegalovirus
herpesvirus
latency
single-cell RNA-seq
reactivation
hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Human

description: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes a lifelong infection through establishment of latency. Although reactivation from latency can cause life-threatening disease, our molecular understanding of HCMV latency is incomplete. Here we use single cell RNA-seq analysis to characterize latency in monocytes and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In monocytes, we identify host cell surface markers that enable enrichment of latent cells harboring higher viral transcript levels, which can reactivate more efficiently, and are characterized by reduced intrinsic immune response that is important for viral gene expression. Significantly, in latent HSPCs, viral transcripts could be detected only in monocyte progenitors and were also associated with reduced immune-response. Overall, our work indicates that regardless of the developmental stage in which HCMV infects, HCMV drives hematopoietic cells towards a weaker immune-responsive monocyte state and that this anergic-like state is crucial for the virus ability to express its transcripts and to eventually reactivate.
Kinetic plasma turbulence: recent insights and open questions from 3D3V simulations
Creators: name: Cerri, S. S.
name: Grošelj, D.
name: Franci, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulence and kinetic processes in magnetized space plasmas have been extensively investigated over the past decades via \emph{in-situ} spacecraft measurements, theoretical models and numerical simulations. In particular, multi-point high-resolution measurements from the \emph{Cluster} and \emph{MMS} space missions brought to light an entire new world of processes, taking place at the plasma kinetic scales, and exposed new challenges for their theoretical interpretation. A long-lasting debate concerns the nature of ion and electron scale fluctuations in solar-wind turbulence and their dissipation via collisionless plasma mechanisms. Alongside observations, numerical simulations have always played a central role in providing a test ground for existing theories and models. In this Perspective, we discuss the advances achieved with our 3D3V (reduced and fully) kinetic simulations, as well as the main questions left open (or raised) by these studies. To this end, we combine data from our recent kinetic simulations of both freely decaying and continuously driven fluctuations to assess the similarities and/or differences in the properties of plasma turbulence in the sub-ion range. Finally, we discuss possible future directions in the field and highlight the need to combine different types of numerical and observational approaches to improve the understanding of turbulent space plasmas.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures; Published in "Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences - Space Physics" (special issue: Improving the Understanding of Kinetic Processes in Solar Wind and Magnetosphere: From CLUSTER to MMS)
First Indian report on genome-wide comparison of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from blood stream infections
Creators: name: Devanga Ragupathi, Naveen Kumar
name: Veeraraghavan, Balaji
name: Muthuirulandi Sethuvel, Dhiviya Prabaa
name: Anandan, Shalini
name: Vasudevan, Karthick
name: Neeravi, Ayyan Raj
name: Daniel, Jones Lionel Kumar
name: Sathyendra, Sowmya
name: Iyadurai, Ramya
name: Mutreja, Ankur
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods

description: Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is becoming endemic in health care settings around the world. Baseline data on virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of specific lineages of E. coli circulating in developing countries like India is currently lacking. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed for 60 MDR E. coli isolates. The analysis was performed at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level resolution to identify the presence of their virulence and AMR genes. Results: Genome comparison revealed the presence of ST-131 global MDR and ST410 as emerging-MDR clades of E. coli in India. AMR gene profile for cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance differed between the clades. Genotypes blaCTX-M-15 and blaNDM-5 were common among cephalosporinases and carbapenemases, respectively. For aminoglycoside resistance, rmtB was positive for 31.7% of the isolates, of which 95% were co-harboring carbapenemases. In addition, the FimH types and virulence gene profile positively correlated with the SNP based phylogeny, and also revealed the evolution of MDR clones among the study population with temporal accumulation of SNPs. The predominant clone was ST167 (blaNDM lineage) followed by ST405 (global clone ST131 equivalent) and ST410 (fast spreading high risk clone). Conclusions: This is the first report on the whole genome analysis of MDR E. coli lineages circulating in India. Data from this study will provide public health agencies with baseline information on AMR and virulent genes in pathogenic E. coli in the region.
Hofmann–Streicher lifting of fibred categories
Creators: name: Slattery, Andrew
name: Sterling, Jonathan
Publisher: name: ACM
Year: 2025

description: In 1997, Hofmann and Streicher introduced an explicit construction to lift a Grothendieck universe 𝓤 from 𝐒𝐞𝐭 into the category of 𝐒𝐞𝐭-valued presheaves on a 𝓤-small category B. More recently, Awodey presented an elegant functorial analysis of this construction in terms of the categorical nerve, the right adjoint to the functor that takes a presheaf to its category of elements; in particular, the categorical nerve’s functorial action on the universal 𝓤-small discrete fibration gives the generic family of 𝓤’s Hofmann–Streicher lifting. Inspired by Awodey’s analysis, we define a relative version of Hofmann–Streicher lifting in terms of the right pseudo-adjoint to the functor 𝐅𝐢𝐛(A) → 𝐅𝐢𝐛(B) given by postcomposition with a fibration A → B.
An Evolutionarily Threat-Relevant Odor Strengthens Human Fear Memory
Creators: name: Taylor, Jessica E.
name: Lau, Hakwan
name: Seymour, Ben
name: Nakae, Aya
name: Sumioka, Hidenobu
name: Kawato, Mitsuo
name: Koizumi, Ai
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience
fear memory
human olfaction
predator odor
innate fear
contextual memory modulation

description: Olfaction is an evolutionary ancient sense, but it remains unclear to what extent it can influence routine human behavior. We examined whether a threat-relevant predator odor (2-methyl-2-thiazoline) would contextually enhance the formation of human fear memory associations. Participants who learned to associate visual stimuli with electric shock in this predator odor context later showed stronger fear responses to the visual stimuli than participants who learned in an aversiveness-matched control odor context. This effect generalized to testing in another odor context, even after extinction training. Results of a separate experiment indicate that a possible biological mechanism for this effect may be increased cortisol levels in a predator odor context. These results suggest that innate olfactory processes can play an important role in human fear learning. Modulatory influences of odor contexts may partly explain the sometimes maladaptive persistence of human fear memory, e.g., in post-traumatic stress disorders.
Additional file 1: of Galectin-1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma and the combined therapeutic effect of OTX008 galectin-1 inhibitor and sorafenib in tumor cells
Creators: name: Leung, Zoe
name: Ko, Frankie
name: Sze Tey
name: Kwong, Ernest
name: Xiaowen Mao
name: Liu, Bonnie
name: Ma, Angel
name: Fung, Yi
name: Che, Chi-Ming
name: Wong, Danny
name: Lai, Ching
name: Ng, Irene
name: Yam, Judy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional methods, figures and tables. (PDF 414 kb)
A Role of Cholesterol in Modulating the Binding of α-Synuclein to Synaptic-Like Vesicles
Creators: name: Man, Wing K.
name: De Simone, Alfonso
name: Barritt, Joseph D.
name: Vendruscolo, Michele
name: Dobson, Christopher M.
name: Fusco, Giuliana
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience
α-synuclein
synaptic vesicles
membrane interaction
cholesterol
nuclear magnetic resonance

description: α-Synuclein (αS) is a presynaptic protein whose aggregation is associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although the physiological function of αS is still unclear, several lines of evidence indicate that this protein may play a role in the trafficking of synaptic vesicles (SVs) during neurotransmitter release, a task associated with its ability to bind SVs and promote their clustering. It is therefore crucial to identify the cellular factors that modulate this process. To address this question, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy we have characterized the role of cholesterol, a major component of the membrane of SVs, in the binding of αS with synaptic-like vesicles. Our results indicate that cholesterol can act as a modulator of the overall affinity of αS for SVs by reducing the local affinity of the region spanning residues 65–97 in the non-amyloid-β component (NAC) of the protein. The increased population of bound states that expose the region 65–97 to the solvent was found to induce stronger vesicle-vesicle interactions by αS. These results provide evidence that cholesterol modulates the clustering of synaptic vesicles induced by (α)S, and supports the role of the disorder-to-order equilibrium of the NAC region in the modulation of the biological properties of the membrane-bound state of αS.
Overgroups of Levi subgroups I. The case of abelian unipotent radical
Creators: name: Gvozdevsky, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G35 (Primary) 20G41 (Secondary)

description: In the present paper we prove sandwich classification for the overgroups of the subsystem subgroup $E(Δ,R)$ of the Chevalley group $G(Φ,R)$ for the three types of pair $(Φ,Δ)$ (the root system and its subsystem) such that the group $G(Δ,R)$ is (up to torus) a Levi subgroup of the parabolic subgroup with abelian unipotent radical. Namely we show that for any such an overgroup $H$ there exists a unique pair of ideals $σ$ of the ring $R$ such that $E(Φ,Δ,R,σ)\le H\le N_{G(Φ,R)}(E(Φ,Δ,R,σ))$.
description: 37 pages, 3 figures
Nucleation Induced Undulative Instability in Thin Films of nCB Liquid Crystals
Creators: name: Schlagowski, Stefan
name: Jacobs, Karin
name: Herminghaus, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A surface instability is reported in thin nematic films of 5CB and 8CB, occurring near the nematic--isotropic phase transition. Although this instability leads to patterns reminiscent of spinodal dewetting, we show that it is actually based on a nucleation mechanism. Its characteristic wavelength does not depend markedly on film thickness, but strongly on the heating rate.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Cranioplasty Following Decompressive Craniectomy
Creators: name: Iaccarino, Corrado
name: Kolias, Angelos G.
name: Roumy, Louis-Georges
name: Fountas, Kostas
name: Adeleye, Amos Olufemi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neurology
cranioplasty
decompressive craniectomy
traumatic brain injury
cranial reconstruction
bone flap
posttraumatic hydrocephalus

description: Cranioplasty (CP) after decompressive craniectomy (DC) for trauma is a neurosurgical procedure that aims to restore esthesis, improve cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, and provide cerebral protection. In turn, this can facilitate neurological rehabilitation and potentially enhance neurological recovery. However, CP can be associated with significant morbidity. Multiple aspects of CP must be considered to optimize its outcomes. Those aspects range from the intricacies of the surgical dissection/reconstruction during the procedure of CP, the types of materials used for the reconstruction, as well as the timing of the CP in relation to the DC. This article is a narrative mini-review that discusses the current evidence base and suggests that no consensus has been reached about several issues, such as an agreement on the best material for use in CP, the appropriate timing of CP after DC, and the optimal management of hydrocephalus in patients who need cranial reconstruction. Moreover, the protocol-driven standards of care for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in high-resource settings are virtually out of reach for low-income countries, including those pertaining to CP. Thus, there is a need to design appropriate prospective studies to provide context-specific solid recommendations regarding this topic.
Lamellar phase stability in diblock copolymers under reciprocating shear flows
Creators: name: Chen, Peilong
name: Vinals, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mesoscopic model of a diblock copolymer is used to study the stability of a uniform lamellar phase under a reciprocating shear flow. Approximate viscosity contrast between the microphases is allowed through a linear dependence of the (Newtonian) shear viscosity on monomer composition. We first show that viscosity contrast does not affect the composition of the base lamellar phase in an unbounded geometry, and that it only couples weakly to long wavelength perturbations. A perturbative analysis is then presented to address the stability of uniform lamellar structures under long wavelength perturbations by self-consistently solving for the composition and velocity fields of the perturbations. Stability boundaries are obtained as functions of the physical parameters of the polymer, the parameters of the flow and the initial orientation of the lamellae. We find that all orientations are linearly stable within specific ranges of parameters, but that the perpendicular orientation is generally stable within a larger range than the parallel orientation. Secondary instabilities are both of the Eckhaus type (longitudinal) and zig-zag type (transverse). The former is not expected to lead to re-orientation of the lamella, whereas in the second case the critical wavenumber is typically found to be along the perpendicular orientation.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Swift-XRT Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Triggers in the Second Advanced LIGO/Virgo Observing Run
Creators: name: Klingler, N. J.
name: Kennea, J. A.
name: Evans, P. A.
name: Tohuvavohu, A.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Barthelmy, S. D.
name: Beardmore, A. P.
name: Breeveld, A. A.
name: Brown, P. J.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Campana, S.
name: Cusumano, G.
name: D'Aì, A.
name: D'Avanzo, P.
name: D'Elia, V.
name: de Pasquale, M.
name: Emery, S. W. K.
name: Garcia, J.
name: Giommi, P.
name: Gronwall, C.
name: Hartmann, D. H.
name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Kuin, N. P. M.
name: Lien, A.
name: Malesani, D. B.
name: Marshall, F. E.
name: Melandri, A.
name: Nousek, J. A.
name: Oates, S. R.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
name: Osborne, J. P.
name: Page, K. L.
name: Palmer, D. M.
name: Perri, M.
name: Racusin, J. L.
name: Siegel, M. H.
name: Sakamoto, T.
name: Sbarufatti, B.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
name: Troja, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory carried out prompt searches for gravitational wave (GW) events detected by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) during the second observing run ("O2"). Swift performed extensive tiling of eight LVC triggers, two of which had very low false-alarm rates (GW 170814 and the epochal GW 170817), indicating a high confidence of being astrophysical in origin; the latter was the first GW event to have an electromagnetic counterpart detected. In this paper we describe the follow-up performed during O2 and the results of our searches. No GW electromagnetic counterparts were detected; this result is expected, as GW 170817 remained the only astrophysical event containing at least one neutron star after LVC's later retraction of some events. A number of X-ray sources were detected, with the majority of identified sources being active galactic nuclei. We discuss the detection rate of transient X-ray sources and their implications in the O2 tiling searches. Finally, we describe the lessons learned during O2, and how these are being used to improve the \swift\ follow-up of GW events. In particular, we simulate a population of GRB afterglows to evaluate our source ranking system's ability to differentiate them from unrelated and uncatalogued X-ray sources. We find that $\approx$60-70% of afterglows whose jets are oriented towards Earth will be given high rank (i.e., "interesting" designation) by the completion of our second follow-up phase (assuming their location in the sky was observed), but that this fraction can be increased to nearly 100% by performing a third follow-up observation of sources exhibiting fading behavior.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJS
ЧЕЛОВЕК В ПОИСКАХ СМЫСЛА ЖИЗНИ
Creators: name: Мадрахимов, Азамат
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В современную эпоху духовного кризиса человека, общества и культуры обращение к экзистенциальному поиску актуализируется особенно сильно в условиях процессов глобализации и интенсивного развития техногенной цивилизации. При этом ответом на экзистенциальные искания личности является непосредственно философия, которая находит свое яркое выражение в литературном творчестве. С этой точки зрения все более значимым становится обращение к творчеству тех или иных мировых писателей, которые своими идеями и концептами помогают человеку преодолеть кризис собственной экзистенции.
Mechanically induced current and quantum evaporation from Luttinger liquids
Creators: name: Komnik, Andrei
name: Gogolin, Alexander O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate transport through a tunnelling junction between an uncorrelated metallic lead and a Luttinger liquid when the latter is subjected to a time dependent perturbation. The tunnelling current as well as the electron energy distribution function are found to be strongly affected by the perturbation due to generation of harmonics in the density oscillations. Using a semiconducting lead instead of a metallic one results in electrons being injected into the lead even without applied voltage. Some applications to carbon nanotubes are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures (eps files)
Evaluating clinician acceptability of the prototype CanRisk tool for predicting risk of breast and ovarian cancer: A multi-methods study
Creators: name: Archer, Stephanie
name: Babb De Villiers, Chantal
name: Scheibl, Fiona
name: Carver, Tim
name: Hartley, Simon
name: Lee, Andrew
name: Cunningham, Alex P.
name: Easton, Douglas F.
name: McIntosh, Jennifer G.
name: Emery, Jon
name: Tischkowitz, Marc
name: Antoniou, Antonis C.
name: Walter, Fiona M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: People and places
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Engineering and technology
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology

description: Background: There is a growing focus on the development of multi-factorial cancer risk prediction algorithms alongside tools that operationalise them for clinical use. BOADICEA is a breast and ovarian cancer risk prediction model incorporating genetic and other risk factors. A new user-friendly Web-based tool (CanRisk.org) has been developed to apply BOADICEA. This study aimed to explore the acceptability of the prototype CanRisk tool among two healthcare professional groups to inform further development, evaluation and implementation. Method: A multi-methods approach was used. Clinicians from primary care and specialist genetics clinics in England, France and Germany were invited to use the CanRisk prototype with two test cases (either face-to-face with a simulated patient or via a written vignette). Their views about the tool were examined via a semi-structured interview or equivalent open-ended questionnaire. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis and organised around Sekhon’s Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Results: Seventy-five clinicians participated, 21 from primary care and 54 from specialist genetics clinics. Participants were from England (n = 37), France (n = 23) and Germany (n = 15). The prototype CanRisk tool was generally acceptable to most participants due to its intuitive design. Primary care clinicians were concerned about the amount of time needed to complete, interpret and communicate risk information. Clinicians from both settings were apprehensive about the impact of the CanRisk tool on their consultations and lack of opportunities to interpret risk scores before sharing them with their patients. Conclusions: The findings highlight the challenges associated with developing a complex tool for use in different clinical settings; they also helped refine the tool. This prototype may not have been versatile enough for clinical use in both primary care and specialist genetics clinics where the needs of clinicians are different, emphasising the importance of understanding the clinical context when developing cancer risk assessment tools.
Exploring the conditions for forming cold gas giants through planetesimal accretion
Creators: name: Johansen, Anders
name: Bitsch, Bertram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of cold gas giants similar to Jupiter and Saturn in orbit and mass is a great challenge for planetesimal-driven core accretion models because the core growth rates far from the star are low. Here we model the growth and migration of single protoplanets that accrete planetesimals and gas. We integrated the core growth rate using fits in the literature to $N$-body simulations, which provide the efficiency of accreting the planetesimals that a protoplanet migrates through. We take into account three constraints from the solar system and from protoplanetary discs: (1) the masses of the terrestrial planets and the comet reservoirs in Neptune's scattered disc and the Oort cloud are consistent with a primordial planetesimal population of a few Earth masses per AU, (2) evidence from the asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt indicates that the characteristic planetesimal diameter is 100 km, and (3) observations of protoplanetary discs indicate that the dust is stirred by weak turbulence; this gas turbulence also excites the inclinations of planetesimals. Our nominal model built on these constraints results in maximum protoplanet masses of $0.1$ Earth masses. Ignoring constraint (1) above, we show that even a planetesimal population of 1,000 Earth masses, corresponding to 50 Earth masses per AU, fails to produce cold gas giants (although it successfully forms hot and warm gas giants). We conclude that a massive planetesimal reservoir is in itself insufficient to produce cold gas giants. The formation of cold gas giants by planetesimal accretion additionally requires that planetesimals are small and that the turbulent stirring is very weak, thereby violating all three above constraints.
description: Version after language editing by the journal
Large-area implementation and critical evaluation of the material and fabrication aspects of a thin-film thermoelectric generator based on aluminum-doped zinc oxide
Creators: name: Tappura, Kirsi
name: Juntunen, Taneli
name: Jaakkola, Kaarle
name: Ruoho, Mikko
name: Tittonen, Ilkka
name: Ritasalo, Riina
name: Pudas, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large-area thermoelectric generator (TEG) utilizing a folded thin-film concept is implemented and the performance evaluated for near room temperature applications having modest temperature gradients (< 50 K). The TEGs with the area of ~0.33 m^2 are shown capable of powering a wireless sensor node of multiple sensors suitable e.g. for monitoring environmental variables in buildings. The TEGs are based on a transparent, non-toxic and abundant thermoelectric material, i.e. aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO), deposited on flexible substrates. After folding, both the electrical current and heat flux are in the plane of the thermoelectric thin-film. Heat leakage in the folded TEG is shown to be minimal (close to that of air), enabling sufficient temperature gradients without efficient heat sinks, contrary to the conventional TEGs having the thermal flux and electrical current perpendicular to the plane of the thermoelectric films. The long-term stability studies reveal that there are no significant changes in the electrical or thermoelectric properties of AZO over several months, while the contact resistance between AZO and silver ink is an issue exhibiting a continuous increase over time. The performance of the TEGs and technological implications in relation to a state-of-the-art thermoelectric material are further assessed via a computational study.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Renewable Energy
MOESM1 of Neonatologist performed echocardiography (NPE) in Italian neonatal intensive care units: a national survey
Creators: name: Iuri Corsini
name: Ficial, Benjamim
name: Fiocchi, Stefano
name: Schena, Federico
name: Capolupo, Irma
name: Cerbo, Rosa
name: CondĂ˛, Manuela
name: Doni, Daniela
name: Placa, Simona La
name: Porzio, Salvatore
name: Rossi, Katia
name: Salvadori, Sabrina
name: Savoia, Marilena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. List of Neonatal Units respondent to the survey.
Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins are essential for B cell development
Creators: name: Monzón-Casanova, Elisa
name: Matheson, Louise S
name: Tabbada, Kristina
name: Zarnack, Kathi
name: Smith, Christopher WJ
name: Turner, Martin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Chromosomes and Gene Expression
Immunology and Inflammation
B cell development
RNA-binding proteins
alternative splicing
cell cycle
Mouse

description: Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is a RNA-binding protein (RBP) expressed throughout B cell development. Deletion of Ptbp1 in mouse pro-B cells results in upregulation of PTBP2 and normal B cell development. We show that PTBP2 compensates for PTBP1 in B cell ontogeny as deletion of both Ptbp1 and Ptbp2 results in a complete block at the pro-B cell stage and a lack of mature B cells. In pro-B cells PTBP1 ensures precise synchronisation of the activity of cyclin dependent kinases at distinct stages of the cell cycle, suppresses S-phase entry and promotes progression into mitosis. PTBP1 controls mRNA abundance and alternative splicing of important cell cycle regulators including CYCLIN-D2, c-MYC, p107 and CDC25B. Our results reveal a previously unrecognised mechanism mediated by a RBP that is essential for B cell ontogeny and integrates transcriptional and post-translational determinants of progression through the cell cycle.
MOESM1 of Serum folate levels in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Yung-Chi Hsieh
name: Li-Shiu Chou
name: Ching-Hua Lin
name: Hung-Chi Wu
name: Dian-Jeng Li
name: Ping-Tao Tseng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) of recruited studies, Table S2. Excluded studies and reasons and Table S3. Database and keyword search strategy.
Tailless/TLX reverts intermediate neural progenitors to stem cells driving tumourigenesis via repression of asense/ASCL1
Creators: name: Hakes, Anna E
name: Brand, Andrea H
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Developmental Biology
Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
neural stem cell
glioblastoma
tumourigenesis
tailless
TLX
dedifferentiation
D. melanogaster

description: Funder: Royal Society; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288
description: Understanding the sequence of events leading to cancer relies in large part upon identifying the tumour cell of origin. Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain cancer but the early stages of disease progression remain elusive. Neural lineages have been implicated as cells of origin, as have glia. Interestingly, high levels of the neural stem cell regulator TLX correlate with poor patient prognosis. Here we show that high levels of the Drosophila TLX homologue, Tailless, initiate tumourigenesis by reverting intermediate neural progenitors to a stem cell state. Strikingly, we could block tumour formation completely by re-expressing Asense (homologue of human ASCL1), which we show is a direct target of Tailless. Our results predict that expression of TLX and ASCL1 should be mutually exclusive in glioblastoma, which was verified in single-cell RNA-seq of human glioblastoma samples. Counteracting high TLX is a potential therapeutic strategy for suppressing tumours originating from intermediate progenitor cells.
Exclusive photoproduction of J/psi mesons at HERA
Creators: name: The ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exclusive photoproduction of J/psi mesons, gamma p->J/psi p, has been studied in ep collisions with the ZEUS detector at HERA, in the kinematic range 20
description: 32 pages, 9 postscript figures added references - corrected typos accepted by EPJC
Testing for linear and threshold cointegration under the spatial equilibrium condition
Creators: name: Araujo-Enciso, Sergio Rene
name: Araujo-Enciso, Sergio Rene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Spatial Equilibrium Condition
subject: Testing Cointegration

description: Economic theory states that the spatial equilibrium condition is a region where prices can be or not cointegrated. It is when prices are within such a region when they are no cointegrated, when prices are in its boundaries they are not only cointegrated but also fulfilling the Law of One Price (LOP). Nonetheless the econometric techniques assume a mean reverting process in order to test for cointegration, either linear or non linear. This research shows that in the absence of such mean reverting process by using prices in pure equilibrium, cointegration (linear and non linear) is often rejected. Such findings go in line with the Band Threshold Autoregressive Model where the neutral band is a region of no cointegration. Furthermore it can be concluded that the economic concept of perfect market integration (LOP) by itself is not sufficient for testing cointegration with some of the current econometric methods.