cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
True Number Fields
Creators: name: Emmerson, Parker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Observer Measurement
Unified Understanding
Mathematical Framework
Systematic Foundation
Physicists
Implications
Holistic Interpreter
Gap Bridging
Classical-Quantum Interface
Consistent Mapping
Independent Entities
Meaningful Interpretation
Unique Representation
Continuous Differentiable Mapping
Scalar Multiplication
Permutation Function
Classical-Quantum Mapping
Energy Operator
Time Evolution
Maximization of Mutual Information
Probability Theory
Von Neumann-Mises Frequency Interpretation
Minimization of Complexity
Optimal Values
Parametric Scale
Nonrelativistic Dynamics
Bohr's Complementarity
Non Existence
Classical Cognition
Minimal Complexity
Classical Observable
Linear Combination
Quantum Observable
Classical Measurement
Classical Energy
Classical Stochastic Behavior
Time-Energy Uncertainty Principle
Fixed Number
Maximization of Incremental Change
Classical Cogntion
Deterministic Process
Generic Convex Function
Real System
Classical System
Measured Value
Incremental Change
Parameter Changes
Propensity of System
Probability
Frequency Interpretation
Von Neumann-Mises
Classical Stochastic Behaviour
Hamiltonian Equation
Nonrelativistic Time Dynamics
Energy-Time Uncertainty Principle
Quantum Mechanics Lense
Symbol Manipulation
True Field
Reals
Projective System
Non-Field Structure
Exceptions for Multiplicative Inverse
Standard Variable Algebra
Response Per Time
Response Via Change of Parameter
Approximation of General Convex Function
Maximal Mutual Information

description: In "Non-Field Structure of the Reals, Projective System Preferred," it wasdemonstrated using standard variable algebra how the so called, "Real Num-bers," are actually a projective scheme, and do not truly form a, "field," asexceptions have to made for the multiplicative inverse when a variable equalszero, which is possible. Herein, an attempt to describe a symbol-manipulatedtrue field of numbers is presented through the lense of quantum mechanics.This takes notation from On the Mechanics of Quasi-Quanta RealizationRyan J. Buchanan September 21, 2023, and draws connections to, "EnergyNumbers."This paper provides a mathematical framework for the intersection of clas-sical and quantum mechanics by creating a topological continuum that bridgesthe gap between the two domains. This continuum, called E, consists of energynumbers that can be mapped to real numbers in a continuous and differentiableway. The continuum is unique in its representation of energy numbers and is alsocompatible with the classical-quantum interface. The paper provides postulatesthat explain the existence of this topological continuum and provides a meansof interpreting quantum mechanics in a more unified way. The implications ofthis paper could open new possibilities in understanding physical systems on amore holistic level.
OBSERVABLEND: Application of Observable Linguistic Features to Improve Machine Learning Predictions of English Lexical Blends
Creators: name: Saunders, Jarem
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: The process of lexical blending is a widely attested cross-linguistic process of generating new lexical items by combining two or more existing words. Despite its ubiquity, the structure of a blend is difficult to reliably predict, even when the order of the constituent words is known. This difficulty has been shown by machine learning approaches in blend modeling, including attempts using then state-of-the-art LSTM deep neural networks trained on character embeddings, which were able to predict lexical blends given the ordered constituent words in less than half of cases, in the best performing models.This project introduces a novel model architecture which demonstrates notable increases in the rates of correctly predicted lexical blends using variations on Logistic regression and Random Forest learners. This is achieved by generating multiple possible blend candidates for each input word pairing and evaluating them based on observable linguistic features. The feature system in question is also manipulated, demonstrating that models trained on phonologically-determined observable features outperform those trained using purely orthographically-derived feature sets. The success of this model architecture illustrates the potential usefulness of observable linguistic features for problems that elude more advanced models which utilize only features discovered in latent space, and lays the groundwork for a more linguistically-motivated and interpretable approach to the generation of English lexical blends.
Optimal Reconstruction of Inviscid Vortices
Creators: name: Danaila, Ionut
name: Protas, Bartosz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We address the question of constructing simple inviscid vortex models which optimally approximate realistic flows as solutions of an inverse problem. Assuming the model to be incompressible, inviscid and stationary in the frame of reference moving with the vortex, the "structure" of the vortex is uniquely characterized by the functional relation between the streamfunction and vorticity. It is demonstrated how the inverse problem of reconstructing this functional relation from data can be framed as an optimization problem which can be efficiently solved using variational techniques. In contrast to earlier studies, the vorticity function defining the streamfunction-vorticity relation is reconstructed in the continuous setting subject to a minimum number of assumptions. To focus attention, we consider flows in 3D axisymmetric geometry with vortex rings. To validate our approach, a test case involving Hill's vortex is presented in which a very good reconstruction is obtained. In the second example we construct an optimal inviscid vortex model for a realistic flow in which a more accurate vorticity function is obtained than produced through an empirical fit. When compared to available theoretical vortex-ring models, our approach has the advantage of offering a good representation of both the vortex structure and its integral characteristics.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures
Differential Binding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Alfalfa, Human Epithelial Cells, and Plastic Is Mediated by a Variety of Surface Structures
Creators: name: Jeter, C.
name: Matthysse, A. G.
name: Torres, A. G.
name: Langley, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Escherichia coli O157:H7 carried on plant surfaces, including alfalfa sprouts, has been implicated in food poisoning and outbreaks of disease in the United States. Adhesion to cell surfaces is a key component for bacterial establishment and colonization on many types of surfaces. Several E. coli O157:H7 surface proteins are thought to be important for adhesion and/or biofilm formation. Therefore, we examined whether mutations in several genes encoding potential adhesins and regulators of adherence have an effect on bacterial binding to plants and also examined the role of these genes during adhesion to Caco-2 cells and during biofilm formation on plastic in vitro. The genes tested included those encoding adhesins (cah, aidA1, and ompA) and mediators of hyperadherence (tdcA, yidE, waaI, and cadA) and those associated with fimbria formation (csgA, csgD, and lpfD2). The introduction of some of these genes (cah, aidA1, and csg loci) into an E. coli K-12 strain markedly increased its ability to bind to alfalfa sprouts and seed coats. The addition of more than one of these genes did not show an additive effect. In contrast, deletion of one or more of these genes in a strain of E. coli O157:H7 did not affect its ability to bind to alfalfa. Only the absence of the ompA gene had a significant effect on binding, and the plant-bacterium interaction was markedly reduced in a tdcA ompA double mutant. In contrast, the E. coli O157:H7 ompA and tdcA ompA mutant strains were only slightly affected in adhesion to Caco-2 cells and during biofilm formation. These findings suggest that some adhesins alone are sufficient to promote binding to alfalfa and that they may exist in E. coli O157:H7 as redundant systems, allowing it to compensate for the loss of one or more of these systems. Binding to the three types of surfaces appeared to be mediated by overlapping but distinct sets of genes. The only gene which appeared to be irreplaceable for binding to plant surfaces was ompA.
Ethical rules in conducting and promoting research in social sciences
Creators: name: Dr Miruna Butnaru Troncotă
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Science
Research Ethics
Qualitative Research
Social Science

description: Ethical rules in social science research have raised increasing concern, reflection and continued discussion in the research community. Research ethics consists of a core set of scientific norms, developed over time and institutionalised in the international research community. The purpose of this session was to highlight the fundamental norms of research ethics. It discussed the main actors that are responsible for ensuring compliance with research ethics, and used several case studies to illustrate different ethical challenges and possible options to solve them. A distinction between ethics and law was made, in order to clarify the legal basis for the investigation of scientific misconduct and for dealing with personal data particularly in qualitative social science research.
Uncovering light scalars with exotic Higgs decays to bbmumu
Creators: name: Curtin, David
name: Essig, Rouven
name: Zhong, Yi-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for exotic Higgs decays are an essential probe of new physics. In particular, the small width of the Higgs boson makes its decay uniquely sensitive to the existence of light hidden sectors. Here we assess the potential of an exotic Higgs decay search for h -> 2X -> bbmumu to constrain theories with light CP-even (X = s) and CP-odd (X = a) singlet scalars in the mass range of 15 to 60 GeV. This decay channel arises naturally in many scenarios, such as the Standard Model augmented with a singlet, the two-Higgs-doublet model with a singlet (2HDM+S) -- which includes the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) -- and in hidden valley models. The 2b2mu channel may represent the best discovery avenue for many models. It has competitive reach, and is less reliant on low-pT b- and tau-reconstruction compared to other channels like 4b, 4tau, and 2tau2mu. We analyze the sensitivity of a 2b2mu search for the 8 and 14 TeV LHC, including the HL-LHC. We consider three types of analyses, employing conventional resolved b-jets with a clustering radius of R ~ 0.4, thin b-jets with R=0.2, and jet substructure techniques, respectively. The latter two analyses improve the reach for m_X ~ 15 GeV, for which the two b-jets are boosted and often merged. We find that Br(h -> 2X -> 2b2mu) can be constrained at the few x 10^-5 level across the entire considered mass range of X at the HL-LHC. This corresponds to a 1 - 10% reach in Br(h->2X) in 2HDM+S models, including the NMSSM, depending on the type of Higgs Yukawa couplings.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures; v3: fix minor typos
Effects of Dissolved Sulfide, pH, and Temperature on Growth and Survival of Marine Hyperthermophilic Archaea
Creators: name: Molyneaux, S. J.
name: Lloyd, K. G.
name: Teske, A.
name: Atkins, M. S.
name: Edgcomb, V. P.
name: Wirsen, C. O.
name: Boer, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The ability of metabolically diverse hyperthermophilic archaea to withstand high temperatures, low pHs, high sulfide concentrations, and the absence of carbon and energy sources was investigated. Close relatives of our study organisms, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Archaeoglobus profundus, Thermococcus fumicolans, and Pyrococcus sp. strain GB-D, are commonly found in hydrothermal vent chimney walls and hot sediments and possibly deeper in the subsurface, where highly dynamic hydrothermal flow patterns and steep chemical and temperature gradients provide an ever-changing mosaic of microhabitats. These organisms (with the possible exception of Pyrococcus strain GB-D) tolerated greater extremes of low pH, high sulfide concentration, and high temperature when actively growing and metabolizing than when starved of carbon sources and electron donors/acceptors. Therefore these organisms must be actively metabolizing in the hydrothermal vent chimneys, sediments, and subsurface in order to withstand at least 24 h of exposure to extremes of pH, sulfide, and temperature that occur in these environments.
The necessary and sufficient conditions when global and local fidelities are equal
Creators: name: Kim, Seong-Kun
name: Lee, Yonghae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the field of quantum information theory, the concept of quantum fidelity is employed to quantify the similarity between two quantum states. It has been observed that the fidelity between two states describing a bipartite quantum system $A \otimes B$ is always less than or equal to the quantum fidelity between the states in subsystem $A$ alone. While this fidelity inequality is well understood, determining the conditions under which the inequality becomes an equality remains an open question. In this paper, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for the equality of fidelities between a bipartite system $A \otimes B$ and subsystem $A$, considering pure quantum states. Moreover, we provide explicit representations of quantum states that satisfy the fidelity equality, based on our derived results.
description: 10 pages, No figures, Lemma 1 corrected
Phase-Imprinting of Bose-Einstein Condensates with Rydberg Impurities
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Rick
name: Ates, Cenap
name: Li, Weibin
name: Wüster, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the phase profile of Bose-Einstein condensates can be engineered through its in- teraction with localized Rydberg excitations. The interaction is made controllable and long-range by off-resonantly coupling the condensate to another Rydberg state with laser light. Our technique allows the mapping of entanglement generated in systems of few strongly interacting Rydberg atoms onto much larger atom clouds in hybrid setups. As an example we discuss the creation of a spatial mesoscopic superposition state from a bright soliton. Additionally, the phase imprinted onto the condensate using the Rydberg excitations is a diagnostic tool for the latter. For example a condensate time-of-flight image would permit reconstructing the pattern of an embedded Rydberg crystal.
description: 5 pages, 3 pages supplement, 3(1) figures
Methanogen Diversity Evidenced by Molecular Characterization of Methyl Coenzyme M Reductase A (mcrA) Genes in Hydrothermal Sediments of the Guaymas Basin
Creators: name: Lever, M.
name: Dhillon, A.
name: Lloyd, K. G.
name: Teske, A.
name: Albert, D. B.
name: Sogin, M. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The methanogenic community in hydrothermally active sediments of Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was analyzed by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) and 16S rRNA genes. Members of the Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales dominated the mcrA and 16S rRNA clone libraries from the upper 15 cm of the sediments. Within the H2/CO2- and formate-utilizing family Methanomicrobiales, two mcrA and 16S rRNA lineages were closely affiliated with cultured species of the genera Methanoculleus and Methanocorpusculum. The most frequently recovered mcrA PCR amplicons within the Methanomicrobiales did not branch with any cultured genera. Within the nutritionally versatile family Methanosarcinales, one 16S rRNA amplicon and most of the mcrA PCR amplicons were affiliated with the obligately acetate utilizing species Methanosaeta concilii. The mcrA clone libraries also included phylotypes related to the methyl-disproportionating genus Methanococcoides. However, two mcrA and two 16S rRNA lineages within the Methanosarcinales were unrelated to any cultured genus. Overall, the clone libraries indicate a diversified methanogen community that uses H2/CO2, formate, acetate, and methylated substrates. Phylogenetic affiliations of mcrA and 16S rRNA clones with thermophilic and nonthermophilic cultured isolates indicate a mixed mesophilic and thermophilic methanogen community in the surficial Guaymas sediments.
New cyclic dipeptide discovered from deep-sea derived Aspergillus sp. HDN20-1401
Creators: name: Anjum, Komal
name: Huang, Xiaofei
name: Zhou, Luning
name: Zhu, Tianjiao
name: Che, Qian
name: Zhang, Guojian
name: Li, Dehai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Hematology

description: A new alkaloid named aspergilalkaloid A (1) with pyridoindole hydroxymethyl piperazine dione structure along with six known compounds 2-7 were isolated from deep-sea derived fungus Aspergillus sp. HDN20-1401. The structure including absolute configuration was elucidated by extensive NMR analyses, HRESIMS, ECD calculation, and theoretical NMR calculation with DP4+ analysis. All isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Aspergilalkaloid A (1) showed inhibitive activity against Bacillus cereus with MIC value of 12.5 μM and weak activity against MRCNS.
Light Microscopy: An ongoing contemporary revolution
Creators: name: Weisenburger, Siegfried
name: Sandoghdar, Vahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical microscopy is one of the oldest scientific instruments that is still used in forefront research. Ernst Abbe's nineteenth century formulation of the resolution limit in microscopy let generations of scientists believe that optical studies of individual molecules and resolving sub-wavelength structures were not feasible. The Nobel Prize in 2014 for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy marks a clear recognition that the old beliefs have to be revisited. In this article, we present a critical overview of various recent developments in optical microscopy. In addition to the popular super-resolution fluorescence methods, we discuss the prospects of various other techniques and imaging contrasts and consider some of the fundamental and practical challenges that lie ahead.
description: 37 pages, 13 figures
Enrichment and qualitative analysis of flavonoid glycosides from the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch
Creators: name: Chang, Guanhua
name: Liu, Haifan
name: Cui, Jie
name: Wang, Zilong
name: Wang, Wenquan
name: Hou, Junling
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Our previous study found that the aerial parts of Chinese liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) had pharmacological effects against chronic non-bacterial prostatitis in rats, however the pharmacologically active compounds remain unclear. Here, a method based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS was established to qualitatively analyse the flavonoid glycosides rich fraction extracted from the aerial part of G. uralensis Fisch., after pretreatment with n-butanol and enrichment using AB-8 macroporous resin. Using both positive and negative ion modes, 52 compounds were identified or tentatively characterised by comparison with standards and the literature: 40 flavonoids, 8 organic acids, 2 chromones, 1 coumarin, and 1 phenylethanoid glycoside. This study provides not only an approach to enrich flavonoid glycosides but also a methodology for quickly determining the relevant bioactive components in the aerial parts of G. uralensis Fisch.
$\mathrm{H}α$ chromospheric activity of F-, G-, and K-type stars observed by the LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey
Creators: name: He, Han
name: Zhang, Weitao
name: Zhang, Haotong
name: Wang, Song
name: Luo, Ali
name: Zhang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of stellar $\mathrm{H}α$ chromospheric activity with respect to stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature $T_\mathrm{eff}$, surface gravity $\log\,g$, and metallicity $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}$) and main-sequence/giant categories is investigated for the F-, G-, and K-type stars observed by the LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (MRS). A total of 329,294 MRS spectra from LAMOST DR8 are utilized in the analysis. The $\mathrm{H}α$ activity index ($I_{\mathrm{H}α}$) and the $\mathrm{H}α$ $R$-index ($R_{\mathrm{H}α}$) are evaluated for the MRS spectra. The $\mathrm{H}α$ chromospheric activity distributions with individual stellar parameters as well as in the $T_\mathrm{eff}$ -- $\log\,g$ and $T_\mathrm{eff}$ -- $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}$ parameter spaces are analyzed based on the $R_{\mathrm{H}α}$ index data. It is found that: (1) for the main-sequence sample, the $R_{\mathrm{H}α}$ distribution with $T_\mathrm{eff}$ has a bowl-shaped lower envelope with a minimum at about 6200 K, a hill-shaped middle envelope with a maximum at about 5600 K, and an upper envelope continuing to increase from hotter to cooler stars; (2) for the giant sample, the middle and upper envelopes of the $R_{\mathrm{H}α}$ distribution first increase with a decrease of $T_\mathrm{eff}$ and then drop to a lower activity level at about 4300 K, revealing different activity characteristics at different stages of stellar evolution; (3) for both the main-sequence and giant samples, the upper envelope of the $R_{\mathrm{H}α}$ distribution with metallicity is higher for stars with $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}$ greater than about $-1.0$, and the lowest-metallicity stars hardly exhibit high $\mathrm{H}α$ indices. A dataset of $\mathrm{H}α$ activity indices for the LAMOST MRS spectra analyzed is provided with this paper.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
Theory and New Amplification Regime in Periodic Multi Modal Slow Wave Structures with Degeneracy Interacting with an Electron Beam
Creators: name: Othman, Mohamed
name: Tamma, Venkata Ananth
name: Capolino, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the theory of a new amplification regime in Travelling Wave Tubes (TWTs) composed of a slow-wave periodic structure that supports multiple electromagnetic modes that can all be synchronized with the electron beam. The interaction between the multimodal slow-wave structure and the electron beam is quantified using a Multi Transmission Line approach (MTL) based on a generalized Pierce model and transfer matrix analysis leading to the identification of modes with complex Bloch wavenumber. In particular, we address a new possible operation condition for TWTs based on the super synchronism between an electron beam and four modes exhibiting a degeneracy condition near a band edge of the periodic slowwave MTL. We show a phenomenological change in the band structure of periodic MTL where we observe at least two growing modal cooperating solutions as opposed to a uniform MTL interacting with an electron beam where there is rigorously only one growing modal solution. We discuss the advantage of using such a degeneracy condition in TWTs that leads to larger gain conditions in amplifier regimes and also to very lowstarting beam current in high power oscillators.
description: Version 2. 33 pages, 16 figures
Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assays for Detection of Human Adenoviruses and Identification of Serotypes 40 and 41
Creators: name: Jothikumar, N.
name: Hill, V. R.
name: Cromeans, T. L.
name: Erdman, D. D.
name: Lu, X.
name: Sobsey, M. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: A quantitative real-time TaqMan PCR assay for detection of human adenoviruses (HAdV) was developed using broadly reactive consensus primers and a TaqMan probe targeting a conserved region of the hexon gene. The TaqMan assay correctly identified 56 representative adenovirus prototype strains and field isolates from all six adenovirus species (A to F). Based on infectious units, the TaqMan assay was able to detect as few as 0.4 and 0.004 infectious units of adenovirus serotype 2 (AdV2) and AdV41, respectively, with results obtained in less than 90 min. Using genomic equivalents, the broadly reactive TaqMan assay was able to detect 5 copies of AdV40 (which had zero mismatches with the PCR primers and probe), 8 copies of AdV41, and 350 copies of AdV3 (which had the most mismatches [seven] of any adenovirus serotype tested). For specific detection and identification of F species serotypes AdV40 and AdV41, a second real-time PCR assay was developed using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes that target the adenovirus fiber gene. The FRET-based assay had a detection limit of 3 to 5 copies of AdV40 and AdV41 standard DNA and was able to distinguish between AdV40 and AdV41 based on melting curve analysis. Both the TaqMan and FRET PCR assays were quantitative over a wide range of virus titers. Application of these assays for detection of adenoviruses and type-specific identification of AdV40 and AdV41 will be useful for identifying these viruses in environmental and clinical samples.
On arXiv moderation system
Creators: name: Silagadze, Z. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of arXiv has revolutionized scientific communication. However, its cultural significance goes far beyond simply accelerating scholarly communication. The arXiv gave a powerful impetus to the democratization of science, freeing young scientists and not only, especially from totalitarian countries, from authoritarian oppression. Many of arXiv's innovative features have been blurred by the introduction of a moderation system. Without a doubt, a moderation system is essential to maintain the quality of arXiv content. However, I believe that it can be improved in line with arXiv's original intentions, using the very successful experience of the MathOverflow moderation system.
description: 11 pages, no figures, version published in Journal of Informetrics
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Noroviruses by Using TaqMan-Based One-Step Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays and Application to Naturally Contaminated Shellfish Samples
Creators: name: Henshilwood, K.
name: Lees, D. N.
name: Hill, V. R.
name: Vinje, J.
name: Lowther, J. A.
name: Jothikumar, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Noroviruses (NoV), which are members of the family Caliciviridae, are the most important cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and are commonly found in shellfish grown in polluted waters. In the present study, we developed broadly reactive one-step TaqMan reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays for the detection of genogroup I (GI) and GII NoV in fecal samples, as well as shellfish samples. The specificity and sensitivity of all steps of the assays were systematically evaluated, and in the final format, the monoplex assays were validated by using RNA extracted from a panel of 84 stool specimens, which included NoV strains representing 19 different genotypes (7 GI, 11 GII, and 1 GIV strains). The assays were further validated with 38 shellfish cDNA extracts previously tested by nested PCR. Comparison with a recently described real-time assay showed that our assay had significantly higher sensitivity and was at least as sensitive as the nested PCR. For stool specimens, a one-step duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay performed as well as individual genogroup-specific monoplex assays. All other enteric viruses examined were negative, and no cross-reaction between genogroups was observed. These TaqMan RT-PCR assays provide rapid (less than 90 min), sensitive, and reliable detection of NoV and should prove to be useful for routine monitoring of both clinical and shellfish samples.
Lattice QCD study of four-quark components of the isosinglet scalar mesons: Significance of disconnected diagrams
Creators: name: Wakayama, Masayuki
name: Kunihiro, Teiji
name: Muroya, Shin
name: Nakamura, Atsushi
name: Nonaka, Chiho
name: Sekiguchi, Motoo
name: Wada, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possible significance of four-quark states in the iso-singlet scalar mesons ($J^{PC}=0^{++}$, $I=0$) by performing two-flavor full lattice QCD simulations on an $8^3 \times 16$ lattice using the improved gauge action and the clover-improved Wilson quark action. In particular, we evaluate the propagators of molecular and tetra-quark operators together with singly disconnected diagrams. In the computation of the singly disconnected diagrams we employ the $Z_2$-noise method with the truncated eigenmode approach. We show that the quark loops given by the disconnected diagrams play an essential role in propagators of tetraquark and molecular operators.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Status and outlook of psychology in Morocco
Creators: name: El-Mir, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The present work examined the current status and outlook of psychology in Morocco. Psychology in Morocco experienced deep changes; and it shaped gradually its identity inside human sciences. Although psychology accumulated good experience in formation and research, It still have a weak position because it neglects the question of linking formation and research to needs of society. It appears that the successful psychological experiences in the developing countries are based on the participation of psychology to the development plans, as long as the visibility of psychology depends on the interest of psychology to the problems of society. During the last years, psycholgy in Morocco strives to become a leader discipline that combined basic and applied research. This paper explored the specificity of the fundation of psychology in Morocco, and it examined the deadlocks of formation in this field. It exposed also the efforts to build a scientific psychology, and finally it overlooks the future of this discipline in Morocco. The main conclusions of this paper uphold the idea that the desired psychological renaissance is related to a clear vision of the visibility of psychology in Morocco. This goal could be reached only by developping and revolutioning formation and research in psychology so as to respond to the new needs of the Moroccan society, given that the development of psychology in any society could be measured by its intervention and applications successes.
Evaluation of Novel AI Architectures for Uncertainty Estimation
Creators: name: Pautsch, Erik
name: Li, John
name: Rizzi, Silvio
name: Thiruvathukal, George K.
name: Pantoja, Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 461199
subject: Machine learning not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 460607
subject: High performance computing

description: Deep learning (DL) has become a cornerstone for advancements in computer vision, yielding models capable of remarkable performance on complex visual tasks. Despite these achievements, there remains a critical need for accurate uncertainty estimations, especially when models encounter out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Addressing this, our research focuses on the implementation and evaluation of uncertainty techniques in two prominent DL architectures: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Vision Transformers (ViT). These architectures were applied specifically to computer vision tasks, utilizing the MNIST and ImageNet-1K datasets for our evaluations.High-Performance Computing (HPC) platforms, pivotal to this research, were employed to assess these techniques. The traditional Polaris supercomputer, equipped with AMD EPYC processors and NVIDIA A100 GPUs, is evaluated alongside cutting-edge AI accelerators: Cerebras CS-2 and SambaNova DataScale. These platforms, with their unique architectures, presented varying efficiencies in the application of uncertainty estimation. Our findings elucidate the computational advantages and challenges associated with each, providing invaluable insight for researchers.Furthermore, this paper offers practical considerations when employing HPC systems for uncertainty estimations in DL. From computational setup to architectural nuances, the insights garnered pave the way for future research aiming to integrate algorithms and hardware for robust model predictions in computer vision and other areas of DL.
C19-diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum refractum var. circinatum
Creators: name: Wan, Zhen-Ling
name: Zhang, Min
name: Xiao, Yan
name: Chen, Lin
name: Xie, Jiang
name: Huang, Shuai
name: Zhou, Xian-Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Two unprecedented aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, refractines A–B (1–2), along with 12 known compounds (3–14) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum refractum (Finet et Gagnep.) Hand. -Mazz. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, IR, and HR-ESI-MS data. All compounds were tested for inhibitory activities against NO production in LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, compounds 10 and 14 had slight inhibited NO production with rate of 29.4% and 22.1% at the concentration of 30 μM, respectively.
Learning Depth from Single Monocular Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Fields
Creators: name: Liu, Fayao
name: Shen, Chunhua
name: Lin, Guosheng
name: Reid, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article, we tackle the problem of depth estimation from single monocular images. Compared with depth estimation using multiple images such as stereo depth perception, depth from monocular images is much more challenging. Prior work typically focuses on exploiting geometric priors or additional sources of information, most using hand-crafted features. Recently, there is mounting evidence that features from deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) set new records for various vision applications. On the other hand, considering the continuous characteristic of the depth values, depth estimations can be naturally formulated as a continuous conditional random field (CRF) learning problem. Therefore, here we present a deep convolutional neural field model for estimating depths from single monocular images, aiming to jointly explore the capacity of deep CNN and continuous CRF. In particular, we propose a deep structured learning scheme which learns the unary and pairwise potentials of continuous CRF in a unified deep CNN framework. We then further propose an equally effective model based on fully convolutional networks and a novel superpixel pooling method, which is $\sim 10$ times faster, to speedup the patch-wise convolutions in the deep model. With this more efficient model, we are able to design deeper networks to pursue better performance. Experiments on both indoor and outdoor scene datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art depth estimation approaches.
description: Appearing in IEEE T. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. Journal version of arXiv:1411.6387 . Test code is available at https://bitbucket.org/fayao/dcnf-fcsp
WHO IS SPEAKING? WHO IS LISTENING? A NETWORK APPROACH IN ANALYZING COMMUNICATION STRUCTURES AND SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE IN ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS DISCUSSION FORUMS
Creators: name: Almodiel, Myra Collado
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: network
Social Network Analysis (SNA)
Interaction Analysis Model (IAM)
online learning
asynchronous discussion forums (ADFs)
data mining

description: Network plays a central role in the knowledge construction formed from the interactions and collaboration of online learners in asynchronous discussion forums. The very nature of networks to form connections, relationships, and links uncovers unique and wider opportunities for online learners to create higher levels of knowledge the more they
 interact and collaborate with each other. The opportunities to construct knowledge among online learners elevate as the connections and links formed from interacting with each other widen and enlarge reach. This study employed multi-analysis methodologies, with Social Network Analysis as the primary research approach, in combination with Interaction Analysis Model (IAM) and Cluster Analysis to uncover and understand connections, links, patterns, and structures formed from online interactions (speaking and listening) that may influence the social construction of knowledge that occurred in the online discussion forums. This paper suggests that the network structures of online interactions (speaking and listening), both in terms of posts contributed and posts viewed, have potential influence on the knowledge construction of online learners based on the results of the study.
FDCT: Fast Depth Completion for Transparent Objects
Creators: name: Li, Tianan
name: Chen, Zhehan
name: Liu, Huan
name: Wang, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Depth completion is crucial for many robotic tasks such as autonomous driving, 3-D reconstruction, and manipulation. Despite the significant progress, existing methods remain computationally intensive and often fail to meet the real-time requirements of low-power robotic platforms. Additionally, most methods are designed for opaque objects and struggle with transparent objects due to the special properties of reflection and refraction. To address these challenges, we propose a Fast Depth Completion framework for Transparent objects (FDCT), which also benefits downstream tasks like object pose estimation. To leverage local information and avoid overfitting issues when integrating it with global information, we design a new fusion branch and shortcuts to exploit low-level features and a loss function to suppress overfitting. This results in an accurate and user-friendly depth rectification framework which can recover dense depth estimation from RGB-D images alone. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FDCT can run about 70 FPS with a higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods. We also demonstrate that FDCT can improve pose estimation in object grasping tasks. The source code is available at https://github.com/Nonmy/FDCT
description: 9pages,7figures
Gas flow-directed growth of aligned carbon nanotubes from nonmetallic seeds
Creators: name: Liu, Yuanjia
name: Inoue, Taiki
name: Wang, Mengyue
name: Arifuku, Michiharu
name: Kiyoyanagi, Noriko
name: Kobayashi, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kite growth is a process that utilizes laminar gas flow in chemical vapor deposition to grow long, well-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for electronic application. This process uses metal nanoparticles (NPs) as catalytic seeds for CNT growth. However, these NPs remain as impurities in the grown CNT. In this study, nanodiamonds (NDs) with negligible catalytic activity were utilized as nonmetallic seeds instead of metal catalysts because they are stable at high temperatures and facilitate the growth of low-defect CNTs without residual metal impurities. Results demonstrate the successful growth of over 100-$μ$m-long CNTs by carefully controlling the growth conditions. Importantly, we developed an analysis method that utilizes secondary electron (SE) yield to distinguish whether or not CNTs grown from metal impurities. The absence of metallic NPs at the CNT tips was revealed by the SE yield mapping, whereas the presence of some kind of NPs at the same locations was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). These results suggest that most of the aligned CNTs were grown from nonmetallic seeds, most likely ND-derived NPs, via the tip-growth mode. Structural characterizations revealed the high crystallinity of CNTs, with relatively small diameters. This study presents the first successful use of nonmetallic seeds for kite growth and provides a convincing alternative for starting materials to prepare long, aligned CNTs without metal impurities. The findings of this study pave the way for more convenient fabrication of aligned CNT-based devices, potentially simplifying the production process by avoiding the need for the removal of metal impurities.
description: Accepted version. Main manuscript: 26 pages, 6 figures. Supporting information: 8 pages, 9 figures
First-principles study of an organometallic S=1/2 kagome compound
Creators: name: Liu, Zheng
name: Mei, Jia-Wei
name: Liu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cu(1,3-benzenedicarboxylate) [Cu(1,3-bdc)] contains structurally perfect kagomé planes formed by Cu$^{2+}$ ions without the presence of diamagnetic defects. This organometallic compound should have served as a precious platform to explore quantum frustrated magnetism, yet the experimental results so far are mysterious, leading to questions such as "Is Cu(1,3-bdc) just a trivial weak ferromagnet?". Using the the density functional theory, we have systematically studied the electronic and magnetic properties of Cu(1,3-bdc), putting forth a theoretical basis to clarify this novel material. We present numerical evidences of a dominating antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange between nearest-neighbor (NN) Cu$^{2+}$ as experimentally extracted from the high-temperature susceptibility data. We further show that beyond the NN AFM exchange, the additional interactions in Cu(1,3-bdc) have similar strength as those in the well-studied kagomé antiferromagnet, Herbertsmithite, by designing a comparative study. In the end, the origin of the phase transition and FM signals observed under low temperature is discussed based on the DFT results.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Rapid Detection of Enteroviruses in Small Volumes of Natural Waters by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR
Creators: name: Noble, R. T.
name: Liang, X.
name: Fuhrman, J. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Despite viral contamination of recreational waters, only bacterial, not viral, indicators are monitored routinely, due to a lack of rapid and cost-effective assays. We used negatively charged filters to capture enteroviruses from seawater and freshwater. Viral RNA was extracted using a commercial kit, and the viruses were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Poliovirus (6.6 to 330,000 virus particles/ml) was added to samples from watersheds in Los Angeles, California, and analysis showed that with 50-ml samples, a cellulose acetate/nitrate (HA) filter yielded final recovery of 51% (r2 = 0.99) in fresh water and 23% (r2 = 0.90) in seawater. However, for additions of low levels of virus (more likely to represent field samples; <104 enterovirus particles/ml), the recovery was lower and more variable, with HA being best in freshwater (17%, r2 = 0.97) and the type GF/F glass filter having higher average recovery in seawater (GF/F, 17%; r2 = 0.93; HA 12%, r2 = 0.87). The optimized method was used with 1-liter field samples from two very different freshwater “creeks” that drain into Santa Monica Bay, California: Topanga Creek (TC), a relatively pristine mountain creek, and Ballona Creek (BC), a concrete-lined urban storm drain. One TC site out of 10 and 2 BC sites out of 7 tested significantly positive for enteroviruses, with higher enterovirus concentrations in BC than in TC (ca. 10 to 25 versus 1 equivalent enterovirus particle/ml). The presented filtration-qRT-PCR approach is fast (<8 h from sampling to results), sensitive, and cost efficient and is promising for monitoring viral contamination in environmental water samples.
Angelica sylvestris L. (Apiaceae) of the Isle of Skye (Scotland): chemical composition of essential oil from the aerial flowering parts
Creators: name: Porrello, Antonella
name: Merra, Rosalia
name: Badalamenti, Natale
name: Bruno, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Angelica is a large genus of plants belonging to the Apiaceae family that includes about 100 species of biennial or perennial herbs. Several species of this genus are extensively used in various traditional medicines and, despite their content in toxic furanocoumarins, also as food. In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from aerial flowering parts of Angelica sylvestris L., a plant distributed in Europe, North and Central Asia, collected in the Isle of Skey (Scotland), was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. No one report has been previously published on this accession. The result showed the presence of a large quantity of monoterpene hydrocarbons with limonene (51.89%), by far, as the most abundant component. Other metabolites present in lesser quantity were β-pinene (4.61%), α-pinene (3.54%), and thymol (3.33%). Considerations with respect to all the other EOs of A. sylvestris taxa, studied so far, were carried out.