cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Внешняя торговля России в условиях ухудшения общехозяйственной конъюнктуры
Creators: name: КВАШНИНА ИРИНА АНАТОЛЬЕВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ЭКСПОРТ
EXPORTS
ИМПОРТ
IMPORTS
ВНЕШНЯЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ
FOREIGN TRADE
ДВИЖЕНИЕ КАПИТАЛА
CAPITAL FLOWS
ПЛАТЕЖНЫЙ БАЛАНС
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
ВНЕШНИЙ ДОЛГ
EXTERNAL DEBT
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ САНКЦИИ
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS

description: В статье исследуются изменения во внешней торговле и трансграничных потоках капитала, которые имели место в последние 4 года. После двух лет значительного (в силу рядапричин) сокращения экспорта-импорта капитала наметился тренд на увеличение инвестиционных потоков, хотя и не по всем видам. При анализе инвестиционной позиции РФ, отмечается влияние изменения курса рубля на уменьшение или увеличение накопленных иностранных пассивов. Обращается внимание на преобладание вывоза капитала над его импортом, подчеркивается, что в этом процессе участвуют государство, компании и население. Трансграничные инвестиции оказывают разнонаправленное действие на российскую экономику. В связи с этим рассматриваются неоднозначные эффекты, как от ввоза,так и вывоза капитала. Автор приходит к выводу, что, несмотря на некоторые позитивные сдвиги и открывающиеся возможности, существенно трансформировать сложившуюся модель участия страны в международном движении капитала в среднесрочной перспективе не удастся. Продолжающийся отток капитала, в свою очередь, будет сужать возможности по диверсификации российского экспорта и усилению инвестиционной составляющей в импорте.
Международная внутриотраслевая торговля как фактор углубления интеграции в ЕАЭС
Creators: name: ПАК ЕГОР ВАДИМОВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ЕВРАЗИЙСКИЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ СОЮЗ
EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
ЕАЭС
EAEU
ЕВРАЗИЙСКАЯ ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ
EURASIAN INTEGRATION
РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ
REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
ВНУТРИОТРАСЛЕВАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ
INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE
ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННАЯ КООПЕРАЦИЯ
INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION

description: В условиях сохраняющейся зависимости экономики ЕАЭС от экспорта сырья в статье выявлен переход взаимного товарообмена стран-членов по несырьевым товарным группам (продукция химической промышленности; машины, оборудование и транспортные средства) с межотраслевого на внутриотраслевой характер. Доказано, что евразийская интеграция в целом привела к усилению внутриотраслевого характера взаимной торговлив ЕАЭС по данным товарным группам в 2011-2016 гг. Представляется, что дальнейшему усилению внутриотраслевого характера взаимной торговли стран ЕАЭС по несырьевымтоварным позициям может способствовать переход к единой промышленной политике ЕАЭС.
Struckmeier, Eckhard: Vom Glauben der Kinder im Mutter-Leibe
Creators: name: Wenz, Armin
Publisher: name: Lutherische Beiträge
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Beiträge, Bd. 6 Nr. 3 (2001): Lutherische Beiträge, Band 6, Heft 3
Implications on the cosmic coincidence by a dynamical extrinsic curvature
Creators: name: Capistrano, A. J. S
name: Cabral, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we apply the smooth deformation concept in order to obtain a modification of Friedmann equations. It is shown that the cosmic coincidence can be at least alleviated using the dynamical properties of the extrinsic curvature. We investigate the transition from nucleosynthesis to the coincidence era obtaining a very small variation of the ratio $r=\frac{ρ_{m}}{ρ_{ext}}$, that compares the matter energy density to extrinsic energy density, compatible with the known behavior of the deceleration parameter. We also show that the calculated "equivalence" redshift matches the transition redshift from a deceleration to accelerated phase and the coincidence ceases to be. The dynamics on $r$ is also studied based on Hubble parameter observations as the latest Baryons Acoustic Oscillations/Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (BAO/CMBR) + SNIa.
description: 3 figures
Quantitative Evaluation of PV Device Linearity with the Two-Lamp Method
Creators: name: Müllejans, H.
name: Salis, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1040-1043
description: The non-linearity of PV reference cells can be determined by the two-lamp method according to IEC 60904-10. However, the data so obtained only give a series of local non-linearities, i.e. between two irradiance levels differing by a factor of two. Here a scheme is presented on how to obtain the global non-linearity from these measurements over a much larger irradiance range. Essentially, the local non-linearities are added for neighbouring irradiance ranges, using suitable interpolation to obtain intermediate data points. The method is illustrated with measurements of a PV reference cell for which all local non-linearities are well below 1% whereas the global non-linearity from 25 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 is almost 3%. It is recommended that this methodology be considered in the next revision of IEC 60904-10.
Влияние экспорта нефти и газа из сланца на развитие мирового рынка угля
Creators: name: ДАГИЛИС ЕКАТЕРИНА ВЛАДИМИРОВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: СЛАНЦЕВАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ
SHALE REVOLUTION
СЛАНЦЕВАЯ НЕФТЬ
SHALE OIL
ТОПЛИВНО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ РЫНОК
FUEL AND ENERGY MARKET
МИРОВОЙ РЫНОК УГЛЯ
GLOBAL COAL MARKET
МИРОВАЯ ДОБЫЧА
WORLD PRODUCTION
МИРОВОЕ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ
WORLD CONSUMPTION
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ УГЛЁМ
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN COAL
РОССИЙСКИЙ ЭКСПОРТ УГЛЯ
RUSSIAN EXPORTS OF COAL
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

description: В статье рассматриваются значительные изменения, происшедшие на мировом энергетическом рынке в 2011 2017 годах на фоне так называемой «сланцевой революции». Затрагиваются проблемы, связанные с влиянием сланцевой революции на развитие мирового рынка угля и международной торговли данным товаром. Отмечается значительно возросшая роль развивающихся государств в международной торговле углем и роль КНР и Индии в развитии мирового рынка угля в указанный период. В статье содержится анализ главных особенностей и тенденций движения мировых цен на энергоресурсы в целом, ина уголь в частности, обозначившихся в эти годы. Показано влияние сланцевого бума наструктуру и динамику экспорта угля из России, отмечены технологические сдвиги в развитии угольной отрасли страны, обозначены перспективы развития экспорта российского угля. В статье подчеркивается важность ускоренного перехода России к использованию новых инновационных технологий в сфере производства угля как значимого фактора развития российского экспорта.
Деятельность американских компаний в России
Creators: name: ГАСПАРИШВИЛИ АЛЕКСАНДР ТЕНГИЗОВИЧ
name: РОМАНОВА ЕЛЕНА МИХАЙЛОВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ПРЯМЫЕ ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИИ
US FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
ПИИ
FDI
США
USA
РОССИЯ
RUSSIA
КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ ООН ПО ТОРГОВЛЕ И РАЗВИТИЮ
ЮНКТАД
UNCTAD
МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА
WORLD ECONOMY
ТРАНСНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕКОРПОРАЦИИ (ТНК)
ФИНАНСОВАЯ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЯ
FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION
"ПРОЗРАЧНОСТЬ" РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
'TRANSPARENCY' OF RUSSIAN ECONOMY
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ САНКЦИИ
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SANCTIONS
USDIA
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS
TNCS
"SHADOW TAXATION"

description: В данной научной статье авторами проанализированы новые тенденции в вывозе американских прямых инвестиций за рубеж и показана их значимость для страны-реципиента. Особо выделенным аспектом изучены объём, динамика и структура прямых инвестиций (ПИ) США в РФ. Авторами выявлены основные проблемы привлечения американских инвестиций в экономику России в настоящее время, особенно учтены «неблагоприятные» перспективы сотрудничества стран в свете вступления в должность нового Президента США г-на Дональда Дж.Трампа. В конце статьи авторы сформулировали основные выводы, вытекающие из данного исследования.
Dark matter fraction of low-mass cluster members probed by galaxy-scale strong lensing
Creators: name: Parry, W. G.
name: Grillo, C.
name: Mercurio, A.
name: Balestra, I.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Christensen, L.
name: Lombardi, M.
name: Caminha, G. B.
name: Nonino, M.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Umetsu, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a strong lensing system, composed of 4 multiple images of a source at z = 2.387, created by two lens galaxies, G1 and G2, belonging to the galaxy cluster MACS J1115.9+0129 at z = 0.353. We use observations taken as part of the Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble, CLASH, and its spectroscopic follow-up programme at the Very Large Telescope, CLASH-VLT, to estimate the total mass distributions of the two galaxies and the cluster through strong gravitational lensing models. We find that the total projected mass values within the half-light radii, R_{e}, of the two lens galaxies are M_{T,G1}(< R_{e,G1}) = (3.6 +/- 0.4) x 10^{10}M_{Sun} and M_{T,G2}(< R_{e,G2}) = (4.2 +/- 1.6) x 10^{10}M_{Sun}. The effective velocity dispersion values of G1 and G2 are (122 +/- 7) km/s and (137 +/- 27) km/s, respectively. We remark that these values are relatively low when compared to those of ~200-300 km/s, typical of lens galaxies found in the field by previous surveys. By fitting the spectral energy distributions of G1 and G2, we measure projected luminous over total mass fractions within R_{e} of 0.11 +/- 0.03, for G1, and 0.73 +/- 0.32, for G2. The fact that the less massive galaxy, G1, is dark-matter dominated in its inner regions raises the question of whether the dark matter fraction in the core of early-type galaxies depends on their mass. Further investigating strong lensing systems will help us understand the influence that dark matter has on the structure and evolution of the inner regions of galaxies.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Comparison of Layouts for Shingled Bifacial PV Modules in Terms of Power Output, Cell-to-Module Ratio and Bifaciality
Creators: name: Mondon, A.
name: Klasen, N.
name: Fokuhl, E.
name: Mittag, M.
name: Heinrich, M.
name: Wirth, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1006-1010
description: This contribution analyses two different module topologies for shingled solar cells that increase module power at normal operation and under partial shading conditions. A bifacial shingled parallel string layout and a bifacial shingled matrix layout are compared in terms of module output by experiment and cell-to-module (CTM) analysis. After verification of the CTM model for modules samples (0.475 m²), a calculation for full size modules is performed. Both shingled layouts, excel in output power and CTMefficiency in comparison to a conventional module. The shingled modules are also compared regarding partial shading response, with the matrix layout showing superior power output in most investigated cases. Finally, the newly developed concept of “SlimLine” module fabrication is introduced, which uses structured encapsulants to simplify shingle cell placement and alignment having the potential of increased assembly speed and reliability.
Coscinium hermidensis Ernst & Minwegen, 2006, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Ernst, Andrej
name: Minwegen, Elke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Cystoporida
Hexagonellidae
Coscinium
Coscinium hermidensis

description: Coscinium hermidensis sp. nov.
Fig. 3D–F; Table 2.
 Derivation of the name: After the type locality.
 Type material: Holotype (SMF 1729) and two paratypes (SMF 1775 and SMF 1736).
 Type locality: La Hermida, Spain.
 Type horizon: Picos de Europa Formation, Moscovian, Upper Carboniferous.
 Other material.—SMF 1725, 1746, 1752, 1761, 1771, 1796, and 21 additional fragments.
 Diagnosis.— Coscinium hermidensis sp. nov. differs from the most similar species C. cyclops Keyserling, 1846 in having smaller apertures (0.14–0.19 versus 0.25 mm in C. cyclops) and in more closely spaced apertures (12–13 versus average 8 per 5 mm longitudinally). The new species differs from C. keyserlingi Stuckenberg, 1895 in having smaller apertures and poorly developed lunaria.
 Description.—Bifoliate frondescent colony. Branches lens−shaped in cross−section, 2.63–4.00 mm wide and 0.68–1.05 mm thick, occasionally anastomosing to give oval fenestrules, 0.9 mm wide and 2.0 mm long. Mesotheca straight, three−layered, consisting of dark medial layer and two outer pale layers, 0.04–0.05 mm thick, containing abundant hyaline rods. Rods 0.01 mm in diameter, spaced densely (Fig. 3F 1). Indistinct longitudinal crests present on mesotheca. Autozooecia short, budding parallel to the mesotheca for a distance of about three zooecial diameters, semicircular in basal cross section, completely separated by vesicular skeleton, arranged in 8–10 rows on branches. Apertures oval, spaced 9–10 longitudinally and 12–13 diagonally in 5 mm distance. Lunaria weakly developed. Autozooecia surrounded by a thick layer of granular skeleton. Autozooecial diaphragms rare to common, thin, planar. Skeletal vesicles relatively large, with rounded roofs, covered at the colony surface by a thick layer of dense calcitic material, arranged in 2–3 rows between autozooecia.
description: Published as part of Ernst, Andrej & Minwegen, Elke, 2006, Late Carboniferous bryozoans from La Hermida, Spain, pp. 569-588 in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3) on page 571, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13652021
Coupling Effects in InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple Junction PV Cells of Different Structures
Creators: name: Paraskeva, V.
name: Armani, N.
name: Malchiodi, A.
name: Trespidi, F.
name: Timò, G.
name: Livera, A.
name: Georghiou, G.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Concentrator and Space Photovoltaics
III-V-Based Devices for Terrestrial and Space Applications

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 973-977
description: Photoluminescence spectroscopy with contemporary two excitation lasers of different wavelength was used to demonstrate the impact of the structure of the solar cells on the coupling effects. Cells with AlInGaAs/InGaAs heterojunction and higher spacer thickness in the middle junction were found to enhance coupling between the top and middle junction. In the presence of varying NIR power and fixed green laser power both the top junction integrated luminescence and the short-circuit current of the device start to plateau at the same NIR power, thus demonstrating the transition of the current limiting junction in the device and particularly the transition from the middle to the top current limiting junction.
Контуры структурных трансформаций в международной торговле
Creators: name: СПАРТАК АНДРЕЙ НИКОЛАЕВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: СТРУКТУРА
STRUCTURE
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ
TRANSFORMATIONS
ТОВАРЫ
GOODS
УСЛУГИ
SERVICES
ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫЕ
СПОСОБ ПОСТАВКИ
MODE OF SUPPLY
КОММЕРЧЕСКОЕ ПРИСУТСТВИЕ
COMMERCIAL PRESENCE
РАЗВИВАЮЩИЕСЯ РЫНКИ
EMERGING MARKETS
HI-TECH
DEVELOPING MARKETS

description: В статье показаны структурные сдвиги в международной торговле товарами и услугами в период глобализации. Специальное внимание уделено торговле высокотехнологичными и интеллектуальными товарами и услугами, изменению позиций развитых и развивающихся стран в этой торговле, определению ведущих трейдеров в инновационных сегментах мирового рынка. Новые статистические данные позволили провести подробный анализ торговли услугами по способам поставки и сделать вывод, что включение в общий итог объемов поставки услуг путем учреждения коммерческого присутствия зарубежом (способ 3 в терминологии ВТО) качественно меняет параметры международного обмена услугами и участия отдельных стран в глобальной торговле. Дана оценка происходящих трансформаций развивающихся рынков, растущей диверсификации траекторий их развития с точки зрения влияния данных процессов на международную экономику и глобальную конкуренцию.
Large scale dynamo action precedes turbulence in shearing box simulations of the magnetorotational instability
Creators: name: Bhat, Pallavi
name: Ebrahimi, Fatima
name: Blackman, Eric G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamo generation (exponential growth) of large scale (planar averaged) fields in unstratified shearing box simulations of the magnetorotational instability (MRI). In contrast to previous studies restricted to horizontal ($x$-$y$) averaging, we demonstrate the presence of large scale fields when either horizontal or vertical ($y$-$z$) averaging is employed. By computing planar averaged fields and power spectra, we find large scale dynamo action in the early MRI growth phase---a previously unidentified feature. Fast growing horizontal low modes and fiducial vertical modes over a narrow range of wave numbers amplify these planar averaged fields in the MRI growth phase, before turbulence sets in. The large scale field growth requires linear fluctuations but not nonlinear turbulence (as defined by mode-mode coupling) and grows as a direct global mode of the MRI. Only by vertical averaging, can it be shown that the growth of horizontal low wavenumber MRI modes directly feed-back to the initial vertical field providing a clue as to why the large scale vertical field sustains against turbulent diffusion in the saturation regime. We compute the terms in the planar averaged mean field equations to identify the individual contributions to large scale field growth for both vertical and horizontal averaging. The large scale fields obtained from such vertical averaging are found to compare well with global cylindrical simulations and quasilinear analytical analysis from a previous study by Ebrahimi \& Blackman. We discuss the potential implications of these new results for understanding large scale MRI dynamo saturation and turbulence.
description: 12 pages, 9 figues, submitted to MNRAS, comments are welcome
Design Study of a Double-Side Illumination Solar Simulator for Bifacial Silicon PV Modules Characterisation Based on Low-Cost LED Bias Light
Creators: name: Shaw, D.
name: Lopez-Garcia, J.
name: Kenny, R.P.
name: Pinero-Prieto, L.
name: Ozkalay, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1001-1005
description: Bifacial crystalline Si photovoltaic modules have attracted considerable interest in the last years, since they can enhance the performance in comparison to traditional PV modules because both sides of the cell can absorb solar radiation. To assess their performance and quality, PV modules are measured and characterized under standard test conditions (STC) as defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Since there is currently no standard for bifacial PV modules, one of the main issues that need to be addressed is the standardisation of bifacial measurements for PV devices. The IEC TC82 is currently working on the development of a draft technical specification. Three different approaches are considered in the draft for the electrical performance of bifacial PV modules, that is, natural sunlight, a solar simulator with adjustable irradiance level for single-side illumination and a solar simulator with double-sided illumination. In order to reproduce the real conditions with both front and rear illumination, the latter approach has been used to characterise bifacial solar cells. However, at a module scale, this approach represents a technical and logistical challenge for many due to the associated cost of using two controlled light sources instead of one and it is considered that the current equipment is not suitable for this setup and requires significant and potentially expensive modifications. However, recent advances in high-power Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology have resulted in a number of LED-based sun simulators coming to market. The aim of this work is the design, development and validation of a double-sided solar simulator based on an existing large-area single long pulse flash solar simulator and a low-cost LED-based rear bias light that can fulfil the standard requirements of rear illumination (up to 200 W/m2) and non-uniformity.
Внешняя торговля России: природа подъемов и спадов
Creators: name: ОБОЛЕНСКИЙ ВЛАДИМИР ПЕТРОВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ЭКСПОРТ
EXPORTS
ИМПОРТ
IMPORTS
ПРОИЗВОДСТВО
PRODUCTION
ВНУТРЕННИЙ СПРОС
DOMESTIC DEMAND
МИРОВЫЕ ЦЕНЫ
WORLD PRICES
ДЕВАЛЬВАЦИЯ РУБЛЯ
DEVALUATION OF ROUBLE

description: Анализируется ситуация в отечественной экономике в течение последних двадцати лет и влияние просходивших в ней изменений на внешнюю торговлю. Выявляются основные факторы, оказывавшие позитивное и негативное воздействие на экспорт и импорт в ходе возникавших в национальном хозяйстве кризисов и процессов их преодоления. Сопоставляется динамика основных макроэкономических показателей и индексов внешней торговли. Отмечается, что изменение мировых цен и девальвации рубля не всегда вызывали соответствующий рост или падение физических объемов экспорта и импорта, что увеличению экспорта больше способствовал рост производства, а расширению импорта рост внутреннего спроса.
Measurement of the $B_{1g}$ and $B_{2g}$ components of the elastoresistivity tensor for tetragonal materials via transverse resistivity configurations
Creators: name: Shapiro, M. C.
name: Hristov, A. T.
name: Palmstrom, J. C.
name: Chu, Jiun-Haw
name: Fisher, I. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastoresistivity tensor $m_{ij,kl}$ relates changes in resistivity to strains experienced by a material. As a fourth-rank tensor, it contains considerably more information about the material than the simpler (second-rank) resistivity tensor; in particular, for a tetragonal material, the $B_{1g}$ and $B_{2g}$ components of the elastoresistivity tensor ($m_{xx,xx}-m_{xx,yy}$ and $2m_{xy,xy}$, respectively) can be related to its nematic susceptibility. Previous experimental probes of this quantity have focused exclusively on differential longitudinal elastoresistance measurements, which determine the induced resistivity anisotropy arising from anisotropic in-plane strain based on the difference of two longitudinal resistivity measurements. Here we describe a complementary technique based on \textit{transverse} elastoresistance measurements. This new approach is advantageous because it directly determines the strain-induced resistivity anisotropy from a single transverse measurement. To demonstrate the efficacy of this new experimental protocol, we present transverse elastoresistance measurements of the $2m_{xy,xy}$ elastoresistivity coefficient of BaFe$_2$As$_2$, a representative iron-pnictide that has previously been characterized via differential longitudinal elastoresistance measurements.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures
Isotype Heterointerfaces in Triple-Junction Solar Cells: Influence on IV-Curve Shape and Optimization
Creators: name: Mintairov, M.A.
name: Evstropov, V.V.
name: Mintairov, S.A.
name: Shvarts, M.Z.
name: Kalyuzhnyy, N.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Concentrator and Space Photovoltaics
III-V-Based Devices for Terrestrial and Space Applications

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 978-980
description: Studies of the GaInP/GaAs/Ge SC bottom intergenerator part (layers between the GaAs and Ge subcells) has been carried out. For this purpose the comparison of IV-curves of  GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells with different intergenerator part has been made. It was found that p-AlGaInP/p-GaInP/p-GaAs heterobarriers are responsible for previously observed peculiarities on triple-junction solar cells IV-curve. To study the photo-activity of bottom intergenerator part a special sample of double-junction GaAs/Ge solar cells has been created. For the sample, a set of IV-curves was recorded at different incident light irradiation and a photovoltaic dependence of the open circuit voltage on photogenerated current Voc-Jg was obtained. The analysis of obtained characteristics shows that, in contrast to the top, the bottom intergenerator part has no counteracting photovoltaic effect.
Disclosing the nature of asymmetric interface magnetism in Co/Pt multilayers
Creators: name: Verna, Adriano
name: Alippi, Paola
name: Offi, Francesco
name: Barucca, Gianni
name: Varvaro, Gaspare
name: Agostinelli, Elisabetta
name: Albrecht, Manfred
name: Rutkowski, Bogdan
name: Ruocco, Alessandro
name: Paoloni, Daniele
name: Valvidares, Manuel
name: Laureti, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nowadays a wide number of applications based on magnetic materials relies on the properties arising at the interface between different layers in complex heterostructures engineered at the nanoscale. In ferromagnetic/heavy metal multilayers, such as the [Co/Pt]$_N$ and [Co/Pd]$_N$ systems, the magnetic proximity effect was demonstrated to be asymmetric, thus inducing a magnetic moment on the Pt(Pd) layer that is typically higher at the top Co/Pt(Pd) interface. In this work, advanced spectroscopic and imaging techniques were combined with theoretical approaches to clarify the origin of this asymmetry both in Co/Pt trilayers and, for the first time, in multilayer systems that are more relevant for practical applications. The different magnetic moment induced at the Co/Pt interfaces was correlated to the microstructural features, which are in turn affected by the growth processes that induce a different intermixing during the film deposition, thus influencing the interface magnetic profile.
description: Main paper: 22 pages, 5 figures. Supporting information: 14 pages, 12 figures
Spin-dependent coherent transport of two-dimensional excitons
Creators: name: Durnev, M. V.
name: Glazov, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a theory of interference contributions to the two-dimensional exciton diffusion coefficient. The theory takes into account four spin states of the heavy-hole exciton. An interplay of the single particle, electron and hole, spin splittings with the electron-hole exchange interaction gives rise to either localization or antilocalization behavior of excitons depending on the system parameters. Possible experimental manifestations of exciton interference are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Standards for PV - Overview of IEC Related PV Standards and How They Contribute to Reduced Costs of Energy
Creators: name: Sample, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 991-996
description: The IEC International Standards and CA (Conformity Assessment) activities facilitate world trade by
removing technical barriers between countries and/or regions. Within the area of PV the IEC Technical Committee 82
(TC 82) has developed 113 documents (up to September 2018). Within TC 82 Working Group 2 develops standards
for modules (non-concentrating). The paper will give an overview of the current activities for WG2, briefly
describing the 44 published documents, the 21 ongoing revisions and 17 new projects. More detail for some projects,
such as the revision of the 61215 standard series will be presented.
Государственная поддержка экспортеров
Creators: name: ОРЛОВА ГАЛИНА АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА
name: ЗЕЛЕНЮК АЛЕКСАНДР НИКОЛАЕВИЧ
name: САВИНОВ ЮРИЙ АНАТОЛЬЕВИЧ
name: ТАРАНОВСКАЯ ЕВГЕНИЯ ВАДИМОВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ЭКСПОРТНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
EXPORT ACTIVITY
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА
STATE SUPPORT
ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯИМПОРТА
УСИЛЕНИЕ КОНКУРЕНЦИИ
INCREASED COMPETITION
IMPORT RESTRICTIONS

description: Авторы рассматривают в статье объективные факторы, способствующие развитию систем поддержки экспортной деятельности в разных государствах, в частности усиление конкуренции на внешних рынках и применение странами-импортерами разнообразных методов нетарифной поддержки национальных производителей, а в марте текущего года и введение новых импортных пошлин на сталь и алюминий в США. В статье рассматриваются меры по содействию производственной деятельности национальных компаний в условиях усиления иностранной конкуренции, и по расширению поставок на внешние рынки, подчеркивается усиление поддержки отечественных экспортеров в России.
Streblotrypa (Streblascopora) nikiforovae
Creators: name: Ernst, Andrej
name: Minwegen, Elke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Cryptostomida
Rhabdomesidae
Streblotrypa
Streblotrypa nikiforovae

description: Streblotrypa (Streblascopora) nikiforovae (Morozova, 1955)
Fig. 5G–I.
 1955 Streblotrypa nikiforovae sp. nov.; Morozova 1955: 62–63, pl. 9: 2.
 Material.— SMF 1762, 1781 (and three additional fragments).
 Description. —Ramose branched colonies, 0.75–1.15 mm in diameter. Axial bundle 0.21–0.22 mm in diameter, containing 9–13 axial zooecia, arranged in 3–4 rows in longitudinal section. Autozooecial apertures oval, 0.09–0.11 mm in width, spaced 4.5 per 2 mm of the branch length. Metazooecia rounded, arranged in 2–3 longitudinal rows between autozooecia, 0.03– 0.04 mm in diameter, 6–10 spaced in the interapertural area. Diaphragms and hemisepta absent.
 Discussion.— Streblotrypa (Streblascopora) nikiforovae (Morozova, 1955) is very similar to S. (S.) prisca (Gabb and Horn, 1862) from the Stephanian of the USA (Hageman 1993). The latter species differs in the larger number of metazooecia (4–19 versus 6–10 in present material), and in having superior and inferior hemisepta. The species described as Streblotrypa sp. by Gonzáles and Suárez Andréz (1999) is very similar superficially. However, the internal structure is unknown in this species.
 Stratigraphic and geographic range.—Upper Carboniferous (Moscovian); Ukraine. Picos de Europa Formation, Moscovian, Upper Carboniferous; La Hermida, Spain.
description: Published as part of Ernst, Andrej & Minwegen, Elke, 2006, Late Carboniferous bryozoans from La Hermida, Spain, pp. 569-588 in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3) on page 578, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13652021
Dichroic Pentaprism for the Spectral Splitting of Concentrated Solar Radiation
Creators: name: Parretta, A.
name: Menchini, F.
name: Tucci, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Concentrator and Space Photovoltaics
III-V-Based Devices for Terrestrial and Space Applications

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 969-972
description: An innovative method for the spectral splitting of concentrated solar radiation is introduced, as an alternative to the well-established monolithic separation of light in a tandem cell. The PV receiver operates a parallel spectral splitting of solar radiation and use a pentaprism coupled with two dichroic filters. The use of a pentaprism allows to reduce the optical losses associated to the spectral splitting process offering: i) absence of air/dielectric interfaces; ii) parallel radiation travelling inside the pentaprism, incident at near normal angles on the dichroic filters; iii) pentaprism operating as a light trap, with reflective internal surfaces and radiation recycled inside it among the three conversion devices.
Pretrained model for 3D semantic adipose tissue segmentation from Dixon MRI with nnU-Net
Creators: name: Haueise, Tobias
name: Machann, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Pretrained nnU-Net model weights for 3D semantic adipose tissue segmentation from T1 Dixon MRI using the nnU-Net framework.
Julia Serano - Lo que aprendí sobre el acoso callejero tras mi transición.pdf
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Juan Carlos
name: Serano, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 440508
subject: Transgender studies

description: Este texto reflexiona en primera persona en torno a la experiencia del acoso callejero desde el punto de vista de una mujer transgénero.
Type Approval and Safety Considerations for Bifacial PV Modules: Requirements for IEC 61215 and IEC 61730
Creators: name: Jaeckel, B.
name: Volberg, G.
name: Monokroussos, C.
name: Mülhöfer, G.
name: Roth, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 997-1000
description: Bifacial c-Si PV modules are in fast commercialization and therefore in the need for appropriate testing
according to common PV standards, namely IEC 61215 and IEC 61730 series. Both standards were just updated
recently but only keeping mono-facial modules in mind. Due to the fast growing market share a project team is
working hard on an update to include the needs to correctly qualify bifacial PV modules.
The main concern here is the increased current that is generated from the backside. Unfortunately this is also the most
complex part to simulate as the backside contribution strongly depends on module design, mounting structure and
ground albedo. Corresponding wording is added to the latest drafts but not all tests are fully covered, yet. This is
mainly related to the hot-spot test which is dependent on multiple inputs.
Furthermore bifacial might have a quite different behavior (degradation and recovery) for the resistance against high
voltage stress (PID).
Международная торговля топливно-энергетическими товарами: современные итоги и перспективы
Creators: name: ИВАНОВ АЛЕКСАНДР СЕРГЕЕВИЧ
name: МАТВЕЕВ ИГОРЬ ЕВГЕНЬЕВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: НЕФТЬ
OIL
ГАЗ
GAS
УГОЛЬ
COAL
ЯДЕРНАЯ ЭНЕРГИЯ
NUCLEAR ENERGY
ГИДРОЭНЕРГЕТИКА
ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ ЭНЕРГИИ
RENEWABLE ENERGY
ЦЕНА ГАЗА
ЦЕНА НЕФТИ
ЦЕНА УГЛЯ
PRICE POLICY
НЕТТО-ЭКСПОРТ
НЕТТО-ИМПОРТ
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ
ТОПЛИВНО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ТОВАРЫ
ЭНЕРГОНОСИТЕЛИ
ENERGY BALANCES
HYDROELECTRICITY
NET-EXPORT
NET-IMPORT

description: Позиции России на мировом и международных рынках топливно-энергетических товаров стабильно укрепляются. Наша страна проявила активность и инициативу в сфере регулирования рынка нефти, в результате чего в декабре 2016 г. двенадцатью государствами ОПЕК и одиннадцатью независимыми экспортерами было достигнуто соглашение о сокращении добычи (примерно на 1,9%), что было в целом соблюдено и в дальнейшем продолжено до конца 2018 г. Соглашение первоначально не вызвало значительного роста цен, но обеспечило их стабилизацию на уровне 2015 года (более 52 долл. США\барр., т.е. до их резкого падения). В начале октября 2017 г. значительными событиями стали «Московская энергетическая неделя» и визит в Москву короля Саудовской Аравии, что укрепило взаи-мопонимание двух стран крупнейших производителей нефти (26% глобальной добычи). На исходе 2017 г. цена на нефть продолжала укрепляться, а к середине января 2018 г. приблизилась к уровню в 70 долл. США/барр.
title: Deep Learning based Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Things
Creators: name: Chawla, Shiven
Publisher: name: University of Washington
Year: 2017

description: With the increase in number of Internet connected devices, security and privacy concerns are the major obstacles impeding the widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT). Securing IoT has become a huge area of concern for all, including the consumers, organizations as well as the government. While attacks on any system cannot be fully prevented forever, real-time detection of the attacks are critical to defend the systems in an effective manner. Limited research exists on efficient intrusion detection systems suitable for IoT environment. In this thesis, we propose a novel intrusion detection system that uses machine learning algorithms to detect security anomalies in IoT networks. This detection platform provides security as a service and facilitates interoperability between various network communication protocols used in IoT. We provide a framework of the proposed system and discuss the intrusion detection process in detail. The proposed intrusion detection system is evaluated using both, real network traces for providing a proof-of-concept, and on simulation for providing evidence of its scalability. Our results confirm that the proposed intrusion detection system is capable of detecting real-world intrusions effectively.
Electronic structure of (1e,1h) states of carbon nanotube quantum dots
Creators: name: Osika, E. N.
name: Szafran, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide an atomistic tight-binding description of a few carriers confined in ambipolar (n-p) double quantum dots defined in a semiconducting carbon nanotube. We focus our attention on the charge state of the system in which Pauli blockade of the current flow is observed [F. Pei et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 630 (2012); E. A. Laird et al., ibid 8, 565 (2013)] with a single excess electron in the n-dot and a single hole in the p-dot. We use the configuration interaction approach to determine the spin-valley structure of the states near the neutrality point and discuss its consequences for the interdot exchange interaction, the degeneracy of the energy spectrum and the symmetry of the confined states. We calculate the transition energies lifting the Pauli blockade and analyze their dependence on the magnetic field vector. Furthermore, we introduce bending of the nanotube and demonstrate its influence on the transition energy spectra. The best qualitative agreement with the experimental data is observed for nanotubes deflected in the gated areas in which the carrier confinement is induced.
Внешнеторговые связи России в условиях нестабильной общехозяйственной конъюнктуры
Creators: name: ПОНОМАРЕВ ЮРИЙ ЮРЬЕВИЧ
name: РЕЙ АЛЕКСЕЙ ИГОРЕВИЧ
name: РАДЧЕНКО ДАРЬЯ МАКСИМОВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ВАЛЮТНЫЙ КУРС
EXCHANGE RATE
ИНТЕНСИВНОСТЬ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ТОРГОВЛИ
FOREIGN TRADE INTENSITY
ВОЛАТИЛЬНОСТЬ ВАЛЮТНОГО КУРСА
EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY
СИСТЕМА ОДНОВРЕМЕННЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ
SYSTEM OF SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

description: В статье анализируется взаимное влияние интенсивности международной двусторонней торговли товарами и волатильности парных валютных курсов России и ее торговых партнеров, в то время как в большей части экономической литературы рассматривается только односторонняя причинно-следственная связь от волатильности валютного курса кторговле товарами. Полученные результаты показывают, что, с одной стороны, волатильность валютного курса не оказывает статистически значимого влияния на интенсивность торговых связей со основными странами-торговыми партнерами России, но, с другой стороны, увеличение средней интенсивности торговых связей со страной-партнером на 1% обуславливает сокращение волатильности реального эффективного валютного курса на 0,3%. Кроме того, авторами выявлены наиболее существенные каналы воздействия на волатильность реального валютного курса, которыми являются кредитный (межстрановые перетоки краткосрочного долгового капитала), макроторговый (интенсивность торгово-экономических связей между двумя странами) и микроструктурный (степень разброса среднеквадратическое отклонение объема транзакций по экспорту).
Producing Uniform and Smooth Thin Layers of Perovskite under Ambient Conditions by Adjusting to the Existing Levels of Moisture
Creators: name: Montes, C.
name: Ocaña, L.
name: De Sousa-Vieira, L.
name: Moreno-Ramírez, J.S.
name: González-Pérez, S.
name: González-Diaz, B.
name: Hernandez-Rodriguez, C.
name: Friend, M.
name: Cendagorta, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 933-937
description: Uniform and smooth thin layers of perovskite have been produced under ambient conditions and at different humidity levels. Their optical properties, general morphology, chemical composition, abundance and submicroscopic appearance have been analyzed. Spectral ellipsometry, X-ray crystallography and Scanning Electron Microscope imaging techniques have been used to analyze samples under different relative humidity values.
In the deposition process via spin coating, a variation in the air flow within the process chamber can be achieved through changing the applied clean dry air pressure. This modifies the evaporation rate of the solvents present in the deposition process and, therefore, it could be used as a tool for adjusting the evaporation rate to the existing humidity levels. The obtained results suggest that the efficiency of chlorobenzene as anti-solvent critically depends upon the water:DMF ratio existing in the precursor solution which, in turn, depends on these humidity levels.
Rhombopora corticata Moore 1929
Creators: name: Ernst, Andrej
name: Minwegen, Elke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Cryptostomida
Rhomboporidae
Rhombopora
Rhombopora corticata

description: Rhombopora corticata Moore, 1929
Fig. 6B, C; Table 9.
 1929 Rhombopora corticata sp. nov.; Moore 1929: 137, pl. 17: 3, 4; text−fig. 4i, j.
 1995 Rhombopora corticata Moore, 1929; Sakagami 1995: 262, figs. 1: 7, 8; 2: 1, 2.
 2005 Rhombopora corticata Moore, 1929; Ernst et al. 2005: 307–309, pl. 2: 2, pl. 3: 6.
 Material.— SMF 1741, 1756 (and three additional fragments).
 Description.—Ramose branched colonies, 1.41–2.03 mm in diameter. Autozooecial apertures oval, arranged in regular diagonal rows, spaced 3 in 2 mm distance longitudinally and 6 in the same distance diagonally. Paurostyles 0.030 –0.054 mm in diameter, arranged in a single row between autozooecia building a regular rhombic pattern. Single large acanthostyles positioned in interspaces between apertures at angles of hexagons of smaller paurostyles, having pale sheaths and dark cores, 0.06–0.08 mm in diameter.
 Discussion.— Rhombopora corticata Moore, 1929 is similar to R. lepidondroides Meek, 1872. It differs from the latter species in having larger colonies with a wider exozone as well as larger and more widely spaced apertures.
 Stratigraphic and geographic range.—Picos de Europa Formation, Moscovian, Upper Carboniferous; La Hermida, Spain. San Emiliano Formation, Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian B/C); Spain. Upper Carboniferous Graham Formation (Pennsylvanian) of Texas, USA. Pseudoschwagerina Zone of Bolivia.
description: Published as part of Ernst, Andrej & Minwegen, Elke, 2006, Late Carboniferous bryozoans from La Hermida, Spain, pp. 569-588 in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3) on pages 579-581, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13652021
Внешнеторговые проблемы развития АПК РФ
Creators: name: МОРОЗОВ ВЛАДИМИР АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС
AGRIBUSINESS
ПРИОРИТЕТЫ
PRIORITIES
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ИМПОРТ ЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ
IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТЬ
COMPETITIVENESS
ЭКСПОРТ
EXPORT

description: В статье рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с перспективным развитием агропромышленного комплекса в условиях санкций и импорт замещения. Освещены организационно-технологические, финансово-экономические и социально-экономические аспекты внешней и внутренней экономической политики, включающие вопросы формирования новой системы (модели роста) управления конкурентоспособностью АПК, его структурную модернизацию на базе перспективных конкурентных преимуществ; совокупность действенных механизмов государственной поддержки; создание конкурентной среды. Предложены разноплановые способы и приемы наращивания мощностей в под отраслях АПК по производству различных видов сельхозпродукции с учетом мероприятий, позволяющих заметно увеличить экспорт отечественной товаров на новые внешние рынки.
Joint Sampling and Optimisation for Inverse Rendering
Creators: name: Balint, Martin
name: Myszkowski, Karol
name: Seidel, Hans-Peter
name: Singh, Gurprit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When dealing with difficult inverse problems such as inverse rendering, using Monte Carlo estimated gradients to optimise parameters can slow down convergence due to variance. Averaging many gradient samples in each iteration reduces this variance trivially. However, for problems that require thousands of optimisation iterations, the computational cost of this approach rises quickly. We derive a theoretical framework for interleaving sampling and optimisation. We update and reuse past samples with low-variance finite-difference estimators that describe the change in the estimated gradients between each iteration. By combining proportional and finite-difference samples, we continuously reduce the variance of our novel gradient meta-estimators throughout the optimisation process. We investigate how our estimator interlinks with Adam and derive a stable combination. We implement our method for inverse path tracing and demonstrate how our estimator speeds up convergence on difficult optimisation tasks.
description: SIGGRAPH Asia 2023 Conference Papers
The intrinsic abundance ratio and X-factor of CO isotopologues in L1551 shielded from FUV photodissociation
Creators: name: Lin, Sheng-Jun
name: Shimajiri, Yoshito
name: Hara, Chihomi
name: Lai, Shih-Ping
name: Nakamura, Fumitaka
name: Sugitani, Koji
name: Kawabe, Ryohei
name: Kitamura, Yoshimi
name: Yoshida, Atsushi
name: Tatei, Hidefumi
name: Akashi, Toshiya
name: Higuchi, Aya E.
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: L1551 is chosen because it is relatively isolated in the Taurus molecular cloud shielded from FUV photons, providing an ideal environment for studying the target properties. Our observations cover ~40'x40' with resolution ~30", which are the maps with highest spatial dynamical range to date. We derive the X(13CO)/X(C18O) value on the sub-parsec scales in the range of ~3-27 with a mean value of 8.0+-2.8. Comparing to the visual extinction map derived from the Herschel observations, we found that the abundance ratio reaches its maximum at low Av (i.e., Av ~ 1-4mag), and decreases to the typical solar system value of 5.5 inside L1551 MC. The high X(13CO)/X(C18O) value at the boundary of the cloud is most likely due to the selective FUV photodissociation of C18O. This is in contrast with Orion-A where its internal OB stars keep the abundance ratio at a high level greater than ~10. In addition, we explore the variation of the X-factor, because it is an uncertain but widely used quantity in extragalactic studies. We found that X-factor is proportional to N(H2)^1.0 which is consistent with previous simulations. Excluding the high density region, the average X-factor is similar to the Milky Way average value.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures, accepted by ApJ