cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measuring line-of-sight shear with Einstein rings: a proof of concept
Creators: name: Hogg, Natalie B.
name: Fleury, Pierre
name: Larena, Julien
name: Martinelli, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Line-of-sight effects in strong gravitational lensing have long been treated as a nuisance. However, it was recently proposed that the line-of-sight shear could be a cosmological observable in its own right, if it is not degenerate with lens model parameters. We firstly demonstrate that the line-of-sight shear can be accurately measured from a simple simulated strong lensing image with percent precision. We then extend our analysis to more complex simulated images and stress test the recovery of the line-of-sight shear when using deficient fitting models, finding that it escapes from degeneracies with lens model parameters, albeit at the expense of the precision. Lastly, we check the validity of the tidal approximation by simulating and fitting an image generated in the presence of many line-of-sight dark matter haloes, finding that an explicit violation of the tidal approximation does not necessarily prevent one from measuring the line-of-sight shear.
description: 16 + 3 pages, 16 figures, matches version published in MNRAS (lens modelling and analysis results updated and improved, conclusions unchanged)
Non-Tracking Asymmetric Shadeless (NASH) Solar Collectors for Decarbonizing Industrial Process Heat
Creators: name: Abido, Mahmoud
name: Bhusal, Yogesh
name: Widyolar, Bennett
name: Brinkley, Jordyn
name: Winston, Roland
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Solar System, Solar Physics, Planets and Exoplanets

description: This work reports the development and performance of an innovative non-tracking asymmetric shadeless (NASH) collector based on a nonimaging optical design.The NASH collector can efficiently convert solar irradiance into thermal energy for industrial process applications that need temperatures up to 200 oC. NASH design eliminates the requirement of row-to-row spacing as in conventional tilt collectors and can be installed on flat ground or flat roof without wasting any space. The collector has a nonimaging reflector that concentrates sunlight to the evacuated receiver tube with a selectively coated absorber with a geometric concentration ratio of 1.72X. Five early prototypes that have been fabricated are tested for long-term performance measurement. The collectors have demonstrated an optical efficiency of 56-58%, a peak efficiency of 50% while operating at 120 oC and average daily efficiency from January to August 2022 of 44% while operating around 120 oC. In a good-vacuum versus bad-vacuum module comparative testing, the NASH collectors operated at up to 150 oC and achieved solar-to-thermal conversion efficiency of >40%.
Brooks' Theorem and Beyond
Creators: name: Cranston, Daniel W.
name: Rabern, Landon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15

description: We collect some of our favorite proofs of Brooks' Theorem, highlighting advantages and extensions of each. The proofs illustrate some of the major techniques in graph coloring, such as greedy coloring, Kempe chains, hitting sets, and the Kernel Lemma. We also discuss standard strengthenings of vertex coloring, such as list coloring, online list coloring, and Alon--Tarsi orientations, since analogues of Brooks' Theorem hold in each context. We conclude with two conjectures along the lines of Brooks' Theorem that are much stronger, the Borodin--Kostochka Conjecture and Reed's Conjecture.
description: Survey paper of Brooks' Theorem and its extensions. 25 pages, 12 figures
Significance of Farmers’ Social Networks in the Uptake of Nerica Technology in Migori, Kenya
Creators: name: Ongoro, Eunice Boruru
name: Chitere, Preston Orieko
name: Ontita, Edward Gizemba
name: Ongoro, Eunice Boruru
name: Chitere, Preston Orieko
name: Ontita, Edward Gizemba
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: NERICA Agricultural Technology
subject: Social Networks
subject: Livelihoods
subject: Food Security
subject: Social Capital

description: Uptake of agricultural technologies has remained low in Africa. Social networks may improve the uptake of these technologies in the rural areas where majority of the communities rely on farming. The main objective of this study was to explore how social networks contributed to the uptake of NERICA rice technology. The study was conducted in Migori County, Kenya. Using a mixed-methods approach a survey of 263 NERICA rice farmers was carried out, and 8 focus group discussions (FGD) consisting of 10 to12 people were conducted in Uriri and Awendo Sub Counties. Twenty-two (22) key informant interviews were also conducted with relevant stakeholders in the study area. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS computer software and the results were presented in frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that social networks influenced the adoption of NERICA rice technology in the study area.
The Random-Bond Ising Model and its dual in Hyperbolic Spaces
Creators: name: Placke, Benedikt
name: Breuckmann, Nikolas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the thermodynamic properties of the random-bond Ising model (RBIM) on closed hyperbolic surfaces using Monte Carlo and high-temperature series expansion techniques. We also analyze the dual-RBIM, that is the model that in the absence of disorder is related to the RBIM via the Kramers-Wannier duality. Even on self-dual lattices this model is different from the RBIM, unlike in the euclidean case. We explain this anomaly by a careful re-derivation of the Kramers--Wannier duality. For the (dual-)RBIM, we compute the paramagnet-to-ferromagnet phase transition as a function of both temperature $T$ and the fraction of antiferromagnetic bonds $p$. We find that as temperature is decreased in the RBIM, the paramagnet gives way to either a ferromagnet or a spin-glass phase via a second-order transition compatible with mean-field behavior. In contrast, the dual-RBIM undergoes a strongly first order transition from the paramagnet to the ferromagnet both in the absence of disorder and along the Nishimori line. We study both transitions for a variety of hyperbolic tessellations and comment on the role of coordination number and curvature. The extent of the ferromagnetic phase in the dual-RBIM corresponds to the correctable phase of hyperbolic surface codes under independent bit- and phase-flip noise.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
The Ly$α$, CIV, and HeII nebulae around J1000+0234: a galaxy pair at the center of a galaxy overdensity at $z=4.5$
Creators: name: Jiménez-Andrade, E. F.
name: Cantalupo, S.
name: Magnelli, B.
name: Romano-Díaz, E.
name: Gómez-Guijarro, C.
name: Mackenzie, R.
name: Smolčić, V.
name: Murphy, E.
name: Matthee, J.
name: Toft, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ly$α$ $λ$1216 (Ly$α$) emission extending over $\gtrsim\,\rm 10\,kiloparsec\,(kpc)$ around dusty, massive starbursts at $z\gtrsim3$ might represent a short-lived phase in the evolution of present-day, massive quiescent galaxies. To obtain empirical constraints on this emerging scenario, we present Ly$α$, CIV $λ$1550 (CIV), and HeII $λ$1640 (HeII) observations taken with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer towards J1000$+$0234: a galaxy pair at $z=4.5$ composed of a low-mass starburst (J1000$+$0234$-$South) neighboring a massive Submillimeter Galaxy (SMG; J1000$+$0234$-$North) that harbors a rotationally supported gas disk. Based on the spatial distribution and relative strength of Ly$α$, CIV, and HeII, we find that star formation in J1000+0234$-$South and an active galactic nucleus in J1000+0234$-$North are dominant factors in driving the observed 40 kiloparsec-scale Ly$α$ blob (LAB). We use the non-resonant HeII line to infer kinematic information of the LAB. We find marginal evidence for two spatially and spectrally separated HeII regions, which suggests that the two-peaked Ly$α$ profile is mainly a result of two overlapping and likely interacting HI clouds. We also report the serendipitous identification of three Ly$α$ emitters spanning over a redshift bin $Δz \leq 0.007$ (i.e., $\lesssim 380\,\rm km\,s^{-1}$) located at $\lesssim 140\,\rm kpc$ from J1000+0234. A galaxy overdensity analysis confirms that J1000+0234 lies near the center of a Megaparsec-scale galaxy overdensity at $z= 4.5$ that might evolve into a galaxy cluster at $z=0$. The properties of J1000+0234 and its large-scale environment strengthen the link between SMGs within LABs, tracing overdense regions, as the progenitors of local massive ellipticals in galaxy clusters.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The polarity of clauses embedded under neg-raising predicates
Creators: name: Collins, James N.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Neg-raising inferences, whereby negated attitude predicates like don?t want to p are strengthened to mean want to not p, have previously been derived assuming that negation is underlyingly positioned within the embedded clause, and undergoes movement into the matrix clause, being interpreted via reconstruction. These kinds of accounts contrast with accounts assuming that negation is interpreted in its surface position, and the neg-raising inference is derived via semantic/pragmatic inferential mechanisms, such as a homogeneity presupposition, without the use of movement. This paper constructs an argument for the latter approach based on the interpretation of multi-dimensional adverbial operators, i.e., adverbs with a not-at-issue meaning component, within neg-raising sentences. The paper suggests that such operators are invaluable tools for diagnosing the position and behavior of negation.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
How to build a magnetometer with thermal atomic vapor: A tutorial
Creators: name: Fabricant, Anne
name: Novikova, Irina
name: Bison, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is designed as a step-by-step guide to optically pumped magnetometers based on alkali atomic vapor cells. We begin with a general introduction to atomic magneto-optical response, as well as expected magnetometer performance merits and how they are affected by main sources of noise. This is followed by a brief comparison of different magnetometer realizations and an overview of current research, with the aim of helping readers to identify the most suitable magnetometer type for specific applications. Next, we discuss some practical considerations for experimental implementations, using the case of an $M_z$ magnetometer as an example of the design process. Finally, an interactive workbook with real magnetometer data is provided to illustrate magnetometer-performance analysis.
description: 52 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to New Journal of Physics as an invited review/tutorial for the special issue "Focus on Hot Atomic Vapors". Minor content and language errors corrected in v3
Norm-Relatedness in Degree Constructions
Creators: name: Krasikova, Sveta
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: We consider the distribution of norm-related readings with dimensional adjectives across various degree construction in Russian and English and argue that the observed pattern as well as some well-known asymmetries in the use of antonyms in English follow from the assumption that gradable adjectives are ambiguous between the scalar and the vague predicate meaning.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Focus Alternatives and Contextual Domain Restriction: A Visual World Eye-tracking Study on the Interpretation of 'Only'
Creators: name: Kim, Christina
name: Gunlogson, Christine
name: Tanenhaus, Michael
name: Runner, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The interpretation of sentences with focus-sensitive elements like ‘only’ depends on context to restrict the domain of relevant alternatives for evaluating the focused expression. But what kinds of contextually available information do listeners actually use to restrict interpretive domains? Three visual world eye-tracking experiments show that listeners use at least previous mention (Experiment 1), real-world knowledge about specific scenarios (Experiment 2), and conceptual similarity to recently mentioned items (Experiment 3).
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Integration of a city GIS data with Google Map API and Google Earth API for a web based 3D Geospatial Application
Creators: name: Akanbi, Adeyinka K.
name: Agunbiade, O. Y
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Geospatial applications are becoming indispensible part of information systems, they provides detailed informations regarding the attribute data of spatial objects in real world. Due to the rapid technological developments in web based geographical information systems, the uses of web based geospatial application varies from Geotagging to Geolocation capabilities. Therefore, effective utilization of web based information system can only be realized by representing the world in its original view, where attributes data of spatial objects are integrated with spatial object and available for the user on the web, using integrated Google API and Google Earth API. In this study a city in the south-western part of Nigeria called EDE is examined and used as a case study. Using Google Map API and Google Earth API, the attribute data of the study area stored in XML databases will be integrated with the corresponding existing spatial data of the study area; to create a web based 3D geospatial application. We envisage that this system will enhance the effectiveness of web-based Geographical Information System (GIS) and the overall user experience.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Take up the challenge for a single field inflation after BICEP2
Creators: name: Feng, Chao-Jun
name: Li, Xin-Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ shows a very powerful constraint to theoretical inflation models through the detection of B-mode. In this paper, we propose a single inflation model with infinity pows series potential called the Infinity Power Series (IPS) inflation model, which is well consistent with latest observations from \textit{Planck} and BICEP2. Furthermore, it is found that in the IPS model, the absolute value the running of the spectral index increases while the tensor-to-scalar ratio becomes large, namely both large $r \approx 0.20$ and $|n_s'|\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$ are realized in the IPS model. In the meanwhile, the number of e-folds is also big enough $N\approx 35\sim45$ to solve the problems in Big Bang cosmology.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
One More Step and You’ll get Pseudo-Imperatives Right
Creators: name: Jayez, Jacques
name: Dargnat, Mathilde
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: We consider pseudo-imperatives like Come near (and) I’ll show you, which have a conditional interpretation (‘if you come near, I’ll show you’). We show that they have basically the same semantics as Sufficiency Modal Constructions studied by von Fintel and Iatridou (2007). We provide a detailed analysis of ‘sufficiency’ in Lewis’s counterfactual framework, extending the analysis to pseudo-declaratives. We discuss the possible origins of the construction and offer a characterisation of the syntax-semantics interface.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Explaining Conjunction Systems: Russian, English, German
Creators: name: Jasinskaja, Katja
name: Zeevat, Henk
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The paper analyses the Russian conjunctions i, a and no, the English conjunctions and and but and the German conjunctions und, aber and sondern in terms of specialised additivity: special cases of the relation between sentences expressed by too and also. The first section gives an overview of the analysis, the second section tries to give an explicit characterisation of additivity and its specialisations. The third section uses an OT-like framework to explain the complementary distribution of the conjunctions and the blocking effects that result.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Bridging Reference to Eventualities
Creators: name: Irmer, Matthias
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Bridging anaphora can refer not only to previously introduced discourse entities, but also to abstract entities such as eventualities. The proposal made in this paper is to extend the current account of bridging in SDRT in a way that implicit reference to eventualities can be accounted for. We exploit the idea developed in Frame Semantics that world knowledge is organized in frames. With each eventuality introduced in a discourse, a corresponding frame is evoked in the discourse model. SDRT will be extended to include possibly underspecified representations of frame elements, which can give clues for finding suitable antecedents in bridging anaphora.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Supplementary_Material.pdf from Shape reconfiguration through origami folding sets an upper limit on drag
Creators: name: Marzin, T.
name: de Langre, E.
name: Ramananarivo, S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Mechanics
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Mechanisms of drag reduction through shape reconfiguration have been extensively studied on model geometries of plates and beams that deform primarily in bending. Adding an origami crease pattern to such plates produces a distinct class of deformation modes, with large shape changes along selected degrees of freedom. Here, we investigate the impact of those creases on reconfiguration processes and on drag, focusing on the waterbomb base as a generic case. When placed in a uniform airflow, this origami unit folds into a compact structure, whose frontal area collapses with increasing flow velocity. It enhances drag reduction to the point that fluid loading eventually ceases to increase with flow speed, reaching an upper limit. We further show that this limit is adjustable through the origami structural parameters: the stiffness and rest angle of the folds, and their pattern. Experimental results, corroborated by a fluid–elastic theoretical model, point to a scenario consistent with the previous literature: reconfiguration is governed by a dimensionless Cauchy number that measures the competition between fluid loading and elastic resistance to deformation, here embodied in creases. This foldable system yet stands out through the rare passive drag-capping lever it provides, a valuable asset for self-protection in strong wind.
Partial Semantics for Iterated if-Clauses
Creators: name: Huitink, Janneke
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper argues in favor of a partial semantics for indicative conditionals, along the lines of a proposal made by Belnap in the seventies: conditionals only have a truth value if their antecedent is true, and in this case, their truth value equals the truth value of their consequent. I argue that this semantics offers a way out of the impasse following Gibbard’s (1981) famous proof that if φ→(ψ→χ) and (φ∧ψ)→χ are equivalent, →cannot be stronger than material implication.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Dark Matter in Light of LUX
Creators: name: Fox, Patrick J.
name: Jung, Gabriel
name: Sorensen, Peter
name: Weiner, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The landscape of dark matter direct detection has been profoundly altered by the slew of recent experiments. While some have claimed signals consistent with dark matter, others have seen few, if any, events consistent with dark matter. The results of the putative detections are often incompatible with each other in the context of naive spin-independent scattering, as well as with the null results. In particular, in light of the conflicts between the DM interpretation of the three events recently reported by the CDMS-Si experiment and the first results of the LUX experiment, there is a strong need to revisit the assumptions that go into the DM interpretations of both signals and limits. We attempt to reexamine a number of particle physics, astrophysics and experimental uncertainties. Specifically, we examine exothermic scattering, isospin-dependent couplings, modified halo models through astrophysics independent techniques, and variations in the assumptions about the scintillation light in liquid Xenon. We find that only a highly tuned isospin-dependent scenario remains as a viable explanation of the claimed detections, unless the scintillation properties of LXe are dramatically different from the assumptions used by the LUX experiment.
description: 24 pages, 8 Figures
Comparison in Turkish: A Rediscovery of the Phrasal Comparative
Creators: name: Hofstetter, Stefan
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper argues that clausal comparatives are completely unattested in Turkish and thus verifies the need for a genuinely phrasal analysis of comparison constructions in this language. It develops such a syntactic and semantic analysis that differs considerably from ‘standard’ analyses commonly suggested for languages like English and also shows that this phrasal analysis derives the correct predictions for the scopal behaviour of quantified DPs and the comparative operator. It furthermore argues that phrasal comparatives are the ‘basic’ and potentially universal type of comparatives, in contrast to what has been hypothesised previously, and speculates on how this phrasal analysis might even be applied to solve problems for analysis with English comparatives.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Processing Opacity
Creators: name: Hackl, Martin
name: Koster-Moeller, Jorie
name: Gottstein, Andrea
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Objects of intensional transitive verbs (ITVs) can be in interpreted transparently or opaquely. How to represent this ambiguity has been of considerable interest to the field over the years. This paper presents evidence from real time sentence processing to weigh in on that debate. Our evidence supports approaches that rely in an essential way on a syntactic scoping mechanism to explain the ambiguity. Specifically, our evidence suggests that the object of an ITV is interpreted transparently only if it takes syntactic scope over the ITV. If it is inside the syntactic scope of the ITV, it is necessarily interpreted opaquely. Purely semantic approaches to the ambiguity cannot explain this strict dependency between syntactic scope and interpretation.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Sentence-Types, Discourse Particles and Intonation in Hungarian
Creators: name: Gyuris, Beáta
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The paper looks at the Hungarian particle ugye, which has traditionally been classified as an interrogative particle but can also legitimately appear in declarative sentences in present-day Hungarian, and explores the possibility of assigning it a core interpretation that covers all of its uses and attributing apparent remaining differences between its meanings in the various sentence-types to intonation.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
First order phase transitions in polymerized phantom membranes
Creators: name: Essafi, K.
name: Kownacki, J. -P.
name: Mouhanna, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crumpled-to-flat phase transition that occurs in D-dimensional polymerized phantom membranes embedded in a d-dimensional space is investigated nonperturbatively using a field expansion up to order eight in powers of the order parameter. We get the critical dimension dcr(D) that separates a second order region from a first order one everywhere between D=4 and D=2. Our approach strongly suggests that the phase transitions that take place in physical membranes are of first order in agreement with most recent numerical simulations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Observational constraints on accelerators of ultra-high energy cosmic rays
Creators: name: Marafico, Sullivan
name: Biteau, Jonathan
name: Condorelli, Antonio
name: Deligny, Olivier
name: Luce, Quentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore two generic hypotheses for tracing the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in the Universe: star formation rate density or stellar mass density. For each scenario, we infer a set of constraints for the emission mechanisms in the accelerators, for their energetics and for the abundances of elements at escape from their environments. From these constraints, we generate sky maps above 40~EeV expected from a catalog that comprises 410,761 galaxies out to 350 Mpc and provides a near-infrared flux-limited sample to map both stellar mass and star formation rate over the full sky. Considering a scenario of intermittent sources hosted in every galaxy, we show that the main features observed in arrival directions of UHECRs can in turn constrain the burst rate of the sources provided that magnetic-horizon effects are at play in clusters of galaxies.
description: Proceedings of the 12th Cosmic Ray International Seminar - CRIS 2022 - September 12-16, 2022, Napoli, Italy - to appear in Journal of Physics Conference Series
Modeling “non-literal” social meaning
Creators: name: Cohn-Gordon, Reuben
name: Qing, Ciyang
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Truth-conditional and socially indexical meanings have traditionally been studied in separate subfields. However, recent years have seen promising attempts to unify the semantics and pragmatics of the two (e.g. Smith et al., 2010; Acton and Potts, 2014). In particular, Burnett (2017, 2019) introduces a formalization of social meaning in terms of the Rational Speech Act (RSA) paradigm (Goodman and Frank, 2016). Building on this work, we address a central observation of contemporary sociolinguistics, that a linguistic variant may be used to index only some aspects of a speaker’s identity. For instance, an adult can use childlike language features to convey not that they are a child (first order indexicality), but that they have certain traits associated with children, like cuteness or innocence (second order indexicality). Similarly, Eckert (2008) notes that some suburban Detroit teenagers use phonetic and syntactic forms conventionally associated with urban Detroit (such as vowel backing and negative concord), and hypothesizes that this is not to signal urbanity (i.e., I am from urban Detroit) per se, but rather to affiliate with certain perceived aspects of urbanity, such as being “autonomous, tough, and street-smart”.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Metalinguistic Comparatives in Greek and Korean: Attitude Semantics and Expressive Content
Creators: name: Giannakidou, Anastasia
name: Yoon, Suwon
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In this paper, we present a parallel between Greek and Korean in metalinguistic comparatives (MCs), and propose an analysis for both languages that combines an attitudinal semantics (building on Giannakidou and Stavrou 2008) with expressive meaning. The comparative morpheme supplies the former, and the than-particle supplies the latter. We discuss also data from Korean showing a two way distinction between “regular” MCs, and antiveridical MCs.We argue that the use of MC than particles, in all variants, brings about an individual’s emotive state, and propose that the morphemes contain expressive indices in the sense of Potts 2007. Our analysis has two implications: first, it allows the hypothesis that all metalinguistic functions in language are indeed part of the grammar in the particular way formulated here; second, our use of expressive indices supports Potts’s view of the expressive component as separate, but interacting, with the descriptive content: the than particle is not vacuous, but the place where descriptive and expressive meaning interact.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Modeling Errors in Linear Inversion, exemplified for crosshole ground penetrating radar data.
Creators: name: Badsberg Jensen, Bolette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 40401 Electrical and Electromagnetic Methods in Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: This code-flow was developed as a part of the research described in the manuscript: "Accounting for modeling errors in linear inversion of crosshole ground-penetrating radar amplitude data: detecting sand in clayey till", EssoAr pre-print doi: doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10511329.1
A holistic approach to artificial neural network models of language emergence and language acquisition - Case studies on pragmatic reasoning and language-perception interactions
Creators: name: Ohmer, Xenia
Publisher: name: Universität Osnabrück
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: artificial intelligence
subject: language evolution
subject: word learning
subject: deep learning
subject: agent-based simulation
subject: 000 - Allgemeines, Wissenschaft
subject: 54.72 - Künstliche Intelligenz

description: Humans interact with each other and with their environment. On the one hand, language is shaped by these interactions as we communicate about our experiences. On the other hand, language shapes these interactions as we use it to act in the world (by informing, requesting, promising, and so on). As a consequence, language is intertwined with many cognitive functions, such as perception, action, and social reasoning. To understand how language emerged and evolved, as well as how language is learned and used, it is important to take these connections into account. This thesis presents three case studies that investigate interfaces between language and other areas of cognition. The case studies use computational, agent-based models to study language acquisition and language emergence phenomena. We follow a long tradition of modeling interactive language use in the form of communication games. In all case studies, the agents play games that involve generating and/or interpreting references to objects, which is a simple but fundamental use of language. The agents are implemented as artificial neural networks. Artificial neural networks not only dominate machine learning research but are also popular as models of cognitive functions. We use the case studies to learn about cognitive mechanisms related to language as well as to suggest ways in which artificial neural networks may benefit from integrating such mechanisms. Case study 1 shows how reasoning about the speaker’s intention and the context can help children learn the meanings of new words. Case study 2 demonstrates how considerations about the context can lead to the emergence of object references at different levels of specificity (as in "Fido", "dalmatian", "dog'', "animal"). Case study 3 models aspects of the bidirectional influence between visual perception and (emergent) language. In general, I argue that the combination of communication games and artificial neural networks generates a versatile framework for studying language-cognition interfaces. A holistic approach to modeling language will increase our understanding of how humans learn and use language as well as our ability to emulate this behavior in machines.
Exciting the long-lived Higgs mode in superfluid Fermi gases with particle removal
Creators: name: Lyu, Guitao
name: Xi, Kui-Tian
name: Yoon, Sukjin
name: Chen, Qijin
name: Watanabe, Gentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental evidence of the Higgs mode in strongly interacting superfluid Fermi gases had not been observed until recently [Behrle et al., Nat. Phys. 14, 781 (2018)]. Due to the coupling with other collective modes and quasiparticle excitations, generating stable Higgs-mode oscillations is challenging. We study how to excite long-lived Higgs-mode oscillations in a homogeneous superfluid Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover. We find that the Higgs mode can be excited by time-periodically modulating the scattering length at an appropriate amplitude and frequency. However, even for a modulation frequency below twice the pairing-gap energy, quasiparticles are still excited through the generation of higher harmonics due to nonlinearity in the superfluid. More importantly, we find that persistent Higgs-mode oscillations with almost constant amplitude can be produced by removing particles at an appropriate momentum, and the oscillation amplitude can be controlled by the number of removed particles. Finally, we propose two ways to experimentally realize particle removal.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. A
A Nonlinear Multigrid Steady-State Solver for Microflow
Creators: name: Hu, Zhicheng
name: Li, Ruo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a nonlinear multigrid method to solve the steady state of microflow, which is modeled by the high order moment system derived recently for the steady-state Boltzmann equation with ES-BGK collision term. The solver adopts a symmetric Gauss-Seidel iterative scheme nested by a local Newton iteration on grid cell level as its smoother. Numerical examples show that the solver is insensitive to the parameters in the implementation thus is quite robust. It is demonstrated that expected efficiency improvement is achieved by the proposed method in comparison with the direct time-stepping scheme.
Reference Processes in Intensional Contexts
Creators: name: Delugo, Francesca
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper presents two reading experiments investigating reference processes in intensional contexts. Both studies employ sentence pairs containing a definite NP whose potential antecedent is embedded in an intensional context, where definite anaphora is not supported. Previous work on this topic has shown that the interpretation of such sentences elicit a cost in terms of reading times, because readers undertake inferential or revision processes to derive a coherent text representation. The results of the experiments, however, do not support these accounts. Instead, they are consistent with a new theoretical development based on the notion of non-actuality implicature (Frazier 2008).
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Coupled multiphysics, barrier localization, and critical radius effects in embedded nanowire superlattices
Creators: name: Prabhakar, Sanjay
name: Melnik, Roderick
name: Bonilla, Luis L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new contribution of this paper is to develop a cylindrical representation of an already known multiphysics model for embedded nanowire superlattices (NWSLs) of wurtzite structure that includes a coupled, strain dependent 8-band $\mathbf{k\cdot p}$ Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates and investigate the influence of coupled piezo-electromechanical effects on the barrier localization and critical radius in such NWSLs. The coupled piezo-electromechanical model for semiconductor materials takes into account the strain, piezoelectric effects and spontaneous polarization. Based on the developed 3D model, the band structures of electrons (holes) obtained from results of modeling in Cartesian coordinates are in good agreement with those values obtained from our earlier developed 2D model in cylindrical coordinates. Several parameters such as lattice mismatch, piezo-electric fields, valence and conduction band offsets at the heterojunction of $\mathrm{Al_xGa_{1-x}N/GaN}$ supperlattice can be varied as a function of the Al mole fraction. When the band offsets at the heterojunction of $\mathrm{Al_xGa_{1-x}N/GaN}$ are very small and the influence of the piezo-electromechanical effects can be minimized, then the barrier material can no longer be treated as an infinite potential well. In this situation, it is possible to visualize the penetration of the Bloch wave function into the barrier material that provides an estimation of critical radii of NWSLs. In this case, the NWSLs can act as inversion layers. Finally, we investigate the influence of symmetry of the square and cylindrical NWSLs on the band structures of electrons in the conduction band.
description: 14 pages and 12 figures
Angular distribution of $Λ_b^0\to pK^-\ell^+\ell^-$ decays comprising $Λ$ resonances with spin up to $\leq5/2$
Creators: name: Beck, Anja
name: Blake, Thomas
name: Kreps, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the angular distribution of $Λ_b^0\to Λ(\to pK^-)\ell^+\ell^-$ decays. A full expression is given for the case of multiple interfering spin-states with spin $\leq \tfrac{5}{2}$. This distribution is relevant for future measurements of $Λ_b^0\to pK^-\ell^+\ell^-$ decays, where different states cannot easily be separated based on their mass alone. New observables arise when considering spin-$\tfrac{5}{2}$ states as well as interference between states. An exploration of their behaviour for a variety of beyond the Standard Model scenarios shows that some of these observables exhibit interesting sensitivity to the Wilson coefficients involved in $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ transitions. Others are insensitive to the Wilson coefficients and can be used to verify the description of $Λ_b^0\to Λ$ form-factors. A basis of weighting functions that can be used to determine all of the angular observables described in this paper in a moment analysis of the experimental data is also provided.
description: Final version of the paper including comments during journal review
Mathematical model of alternative mechanism of telomere length maintenance
Creators: name: Kollár, Richard
name: Bodova, Katarina
name: Nosek, Jozef
name: Tomaska, Lubomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92C05, 92C45, 92D20, 34A34

description: Biopolymer length regulation is a complex process that involves a large number of subprocesses acting simultaneously across multiple spatial and temporal scales. An illustrative example important for genomic stability is the length regulation of telomeres---nucleo-protein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. Maintenance of telomeres is often facilitated by the enzyme telomerase but, particularly in telomerase-free systems, the maintenance of chromosomal termini depends on alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanisms mediated by recombination. Various linear and circular DNA structures were identified to participate in ALT, however, dynamics of the whole process is still poorly understood. We propose a chemical kinetics model of ALT with kinetic rates systematically derived from the biophysics of DNA diffusion and looping. The reaction system is reduced to a coagulation-fragmentation system by quasi-steady state approximation. The detailed treatment of kinetic rates yields explicit formulae for expected size distributions of telomeres that demonstrate the key role played by the J-factor, a quantitative measure of bending of polymers. The results are in agreement with experimental data and point out interesting phenomena: an appearance of very long telomeric circles if the total telomere density exceeds a critical value (excess mass) and a nonlinear response of the telomere size distributions to the amount of telomeric DNA in the system. The results can be of general importance for understanding dynamics of telomeres in telomerase-independent systems as this mode of telomere maintenance is similar to the situation in tumor cells lacking telomerase activity. Furthermore, due to its universality, the model may also serve as a prototype of an interaction between linear and circular DNA structures in various settings.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E
Data-driven Cosmology from Three-dimensional Light Cones
Creators: name: Cheng, Yun-Ting
name: Wandelt, Benjamin D.
name: Chang, Tzu-Ching
name: Dore, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a data-driven technique to analyze multifrequency images from upcoming cosmological surveys mapping large sky area. Using full information from the data at the two-point level, our method can simultaneously constrain the large-scale structure (LSS), the spectra and redshift distribution of emitting sources, and the noise in the observed data without any prior assumptions beyond the homogeneity and isotropy of cosmological perturbations. In particular, the method does not rely on source detection or photometric or spectroscopic redshift estimates. Here, we present the formalism and demonstrate our technique with a mock observation from nine optical and near-infrared photometric bands. Our method can recover the input signal and noise without bias, and quantify the uncertainty on the constraints. Our technique provides a flexible framework to analyze the LSS observation traced by different types of sources, which has potential for wide application to current or future cosmological datasets such as SPHEREx, Rubin Observatory, Euclid, or the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
description: 22 pages, 20 figures, accepted by ApJ
Embedding Imperatives in English
Creators: name: Crnič, Luka
name: Trinh, Tue
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Although it has generally been claimed otherwise (cf. Katz and Postal 1964, Sadock and Zwicky 1985, Palmer 1986, Rivero and Terzi 1995, Platzack and Rosengren 1998, Han 1998 among others), it holds that embedded imperatives exist in English. We describe their main characteristics and provide an account of these by relying on Schwager’s (2006) propositional analysis of imperatives, where imperatives are treated as modalized sentences. The imperative modal is thereby relativized to eventualities (cf. Hacquard 2006).
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 13 No 1 (2009): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Attributive adjectives in Tswefap: Vague predicates in a language with degrees
Creators: name: Clem, Emily
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper discusses the semantics of gradable verbs and adjectives in Tswefap (Narrow Grassfields; Cameroon), an ‘exceed comparative’ language. I use diagnostics proposed by Beck et al. (2009) to probe the semantic type of these gradable predicates. Interestingly, the diagnostics diverge for the two categories of gradable expressions. I argue that Tswefap gradable verbs have degree arguments, while gradable adjectives are vague ⟨e,t⟩ predicates. The fact that gradable predicates in Tswefap differ in semantic type systematically according to their syntactic category raises interesting questions for debates regarding the uniformity of the encoding of gradability across expressions of different categories. These facts suggest that even in a language with ⟨d,⟨e,t⟩⟩ predicates, gradability need not be encoded via degree arguments for all gradable expressions.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
A near-field scanning microwave microscope based on a superconducting resonator for low power measurements
Creators: name: de Graaf, S. E.
name: Danilov, A. V.
name: Adamyan, A.
name: Kubatkin, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the design and performance of a cryogenic (300 mK) near-field scanning microwave microscope. It uses a microwave resonator as the near-field sensor, operating at a frequency of 6 GHz and microwave probing amplitudes down to 100 uV, approaching low enough photon population (N~1000) of the resonator such that coherent quantum manipulation becomes feasible. The resonator is made out of a miniaturized distributed fractal superconducting circuit that is integrated with the probing tip, micromachined to be compact enough such that it can be mounted directly on a quartz tuning-fork, and used for parallel operation as an atomic force microscope (AFM). The resonator is magnetically coupled to a transmission line for readout, and to achieve enhanced sensitivity we employ a Pound-Drever-Hall measurement scheme to lock to the resonance frequency. We achieve a well localized near-field around the tip such that the microwave resolution is comparable to the AFM resolution, and a capacitive sensitivity down to 6.4x10^-20 F/rtHz, limited by mechanical noise. We believe that the results presented here are a significant step towards probing quantum systems at the nanoscale using near-field scanning microwave microscopy.