cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lateral diffusion of membrane-spanning and glycosylphosphatidylinositol- linked proteins: toward establishing rules governing the lateral mobility of membrane proteins
Creators: name: Rose, J. K.
name: Hou, Y.
name: Bothwell, A.
name: Crise, B.
name: Zhang, F.
name: Jacobson, K.
name: Su, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: In the plasma membrane of animal cells, many membrane-spanning proteins exhibit lower lateral mobilities than glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked proteins. To determine if the GPI linkage was a major determinant of the high lateral mobility of these proteins, we measured the lateral diffusion of chimeric membrane proteins composed of normally transmembrane proteins that were converted to GPI-linked proteins, or GPI-linked proteins that were converted to membrane- spanning proteins. These studies indicate that GPI linkage contributes only marginally (approximately twofold) to the higher mobility of several GPI-linked proteins. The major determinant of the high mobility of these proteins resides instead in the extracellular domain. We propose that lack of interaction of the extracellular domain of this protein class with other cell surface components allows diffusion that is constrained only by the diffusion of the membrane anchor. In contrast, cell surface interactions of the ectodomain of membrane- spanning proteins exemplified by the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein reduces their lateral diffusion coefficients by nearly 10- fold with respect to many GPI-linked proteins.
International Trade, Economic Growth and Governance: Evidence from ECOWAS Member Countries
Creators: name: Kollie, Genesis B.
name: Kollie, Genesis B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: ECOWAS
subject: economic growth
subject: FMOLS
subject: DOLS
subject: goods trade
subject: services trade

description: This study examines the relative effects of trade in goods and trade in services on economic growth. Data were obtained from the World Development Indicators and the Worldwide Governance Indicators for thirteen (13) ECOWAS member countries covering the period 2000 to 2017. We also created an index of worldwide governance indicators using the principal component analysis and then used that index as a key explanatory and interaction variable. Applying the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), we found that both Goods and Services Trade positively influence economic growth, but Goods Trade had a higher impact than Services Trade. This implies that prioritizing Goods Trade would improve economic growth in ECOWAS if the Goods Trade is associated with value addition or diversification. Consistent with the findings, efforts to diversify ECOWAS trade should be promoted.
Reflection and transmission of conformal perturbation defects
Creators: name: Brunner, Ilka
name: Schmidt-Colinet, Cornelius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider reflection and transmission of interfaces which implement renormalisation group flows between conformal fixed points in two dimensions. Such an RG interface is constructed from the identity defect in the ultraviolet CFT by perturbing the theory on one side of the defect line. We compute reflection and transmission coefficients in perturbation theory to third order in the coupling constant and check our calculations against exact constructions of RG interfaces between coset models.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure. Minor explanations and some references added, typos corrected
(3837) John Mann
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Positioning Libraries to Support Data Science
Creators: name: Dennis, Tim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: data science
libraries
data services
software carpentry
library carpentry

description: The emergence of data science as a field of study has seen rapid growth in the US academic setting. The techniques of data science are also fueling research innovation. This talk will explore how we, as librarians, can respond to this trend. Drawing on my experience at UC Berkeley with the Berkeley Institute for Data Science , at UCSD with their nascent data science initiative, and through the recent IMLS funded workshop on Data Science in Libraries, I can give context to what’s happening in US academic libraries around data science and lead an interactive session on how that corresponds to South African libraries.
Okadaic acid induces interphase to mitotic-like microtubule dynamic instability by inactivating rescue
Creators: name: Parsons, Stephen F.
name: Salmon, E. D.
name: Gliksman, Neal R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: We used high-resolution video microscopy to visualize microtubule dynamic instability in extracts of interphase sea urchin eggs and to analyze the changes that occur upon addition of 0.8-2.5 microM okadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1, PP2a) (Bialojan, D., and A. Takai. 1988. Biochem. J. 256:283-290). Microtubule plus-ends in these extracts oscillated between the elongation and shortening phases of dynamic instability at frequencies typical for interphase cells. Switching from elongation to shortening (catastrophe) was frequent, but microtubules persisted and grew long because of frequent switching back to elongation (rescue). Addition of okadaic acid to the extract induced rapid (< 5 min) conversion to short, dynamic microtubules typical of mitosis. The frequency of catastrophe doubled and the velocities of elongation and shortening increased slightly; however, the major change was an elimination of rescue. Thus, modulation of the rescue frequency by phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms may be a major regulatory pathway for selectively controlling microtubule dynamics without dramatically changing velocities of microtubule elongation and shortening.
Secrecy Transmit Beamforming for Heterogeneous Networks
Creators: name: Lv, Tiejun
name: Gao, Hui
name: Yang, Shaoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we pioneer the study of physical-layer security in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). We investigate secure communications in a two-tier downlink HetNet, which comprises one macrocell and several femtocells. Each cell has multiple users and an eavesdropper attempts to wiretap the intended macrocell user. Firstly, we consider an orthogonal spectrum allocation strategy to eliminate co-channel interference, and propose the secrecy transmit beamforming only operating in the macrocell (STB-OM) as a partial solution for secure communication in HetNet. Next, we consider a secrecy-oriented non-orthogonal spectrum allocation strategy and propose two cooperative STBs which rely on the collaboration amongst the macrocell base station (MBS) and the adjacent femtocell base stations (FBSs). Our first cooperative STB is the STB sequentially operating in the macrocell and femtocells (STB-SMF), where the cooperative FBSs individually design their STB matrices and then feed their performance metrics to the MBS for guiding the STB in the macrocell. Aiming to improve the performance of STB-SMF, we further propose the STB jointly designed in the macrocell and femtocells (STB-JMF), where all cooperative FBSs feed channel state information to the MBS for designing the joint STB. Unlike conventional STBs conceived for broadcasting or interference channels, the three proposed STB schemes all entail relatively sophisticated optimizations due to QoS constraints of the legitimate users. In order to efficiently use these STB schemes, the original optimization problems are reformulated and convex optimization techniques, such as second-order cone programming and semidefinite programming, are invoked to obtain the optimal solutions. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed STB schemes are highly effective in improving the secrecy rate performance of HetNet.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, 3 algorithms and 1 table, to appear in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2015
The alpha v beta 1 integrin functions as a fibronectin receptor but does not support fibronectin matrix assembly and cell migration on fibronectin
Creators: name: Juliano, R. L.
name: Zhang, Zhuohua
name: Vuori, Kristiina
name: Bauer, Jeffrey S.
name: Ruoslahti, Erkki
name: Morla, Alex O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: The fibronectin receptor, alpha 5 beta 1, has been shown to be required for fibronectin matrix assembly and plays an important role in cell migration on fibronectin. However, it is not clear whether other fibronectin binding integrins can take the place of alpha 5 beta 1 during matrix assembly and cell migration. To test this, we expressed the human alpha v subunit in the CHO cell line CHO-B2 that lacks the alpha 5 subunit. We found that the human alpha v combined with CHO cell beta 1 to form the integrin alpha v beta 1. Cells that expressed alpha v beta 1 attached to and spread well on fibronectin-coated dishes, but did so less well on vitronectin-coated dishes. This, along with other data, indicated that alpha v beta 1 functions as a fibronectin receptor in CHO-B2 cells. The alpha v beta 1-expressing cells failed to produce a fibronectin matrix or to migrate on fibronectin, although the same cells transfected with alpha 5 do produce a matrix and migrate on fibronectin. The affinity of the alpha v beta 1-expressing cells for fibronectin was fourfold lower than that of the alpha 5 beta 1- expressing cells. In addition, alpha v beta 1 was distributed diffusely throughout the cell surface, whereas alpha 5 beta 1 was localized to focal adhesions when cells were seeded onto fibronectin-coated surfaces. Thus, of the two fibronectin receptors, alpha v beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1, only alpha 5 beta 1 supports fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes cell migration on fibronectin in the CHO-B2 cells. Possible reasons for this difference in the activities of alpha v beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 include the lower affinity of alpha v beta 1 for fibronectin and the failure of this integrin to localize in adhesion plaques on a fibronectin substrate. These results show that two integrins with similar ligand specificities and cell attachment functions may be quite different in their ability to support fibronectin matrix assembly and cell motility on fibronectin.
The dynamic structure of the pericellular matrix on living cells
Creators: name: Johnstone, B.
name: Caterson, B.
name: Jacobson, K.
name: Lee, G. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Although up to several microns thick, the pericellular matrix is an elusive structure due to its invisibility with phase contrast or DIC microscopy. This matrix, which is readily visualized by the exclusion of large particles such as fixed red blood cells is important in embryonic development and in maintenance of cartilage. While it is known that the pericellular matrix which surrounds chondrocytes and a variety of other cells consists primarily of proteoglycans and hyaluronan with the latter binding to cell surface receptors, the macromolecular organization is still speculative. The macromolecular organization previously could not be determined because of the collapse of the cell coat with conventional fixation and dehydration techniques. Until now, there has been no way to study the dynamic arrangement of hyaluronan with its aggregated proteoglycans on living cells. In this study, the arrangement and mobility of hyaluronan-aggrecan complexes were directly observed in the pericellular matrix of living cells isolated from bovine articular cartilage. The complexes were labeled with 30- to 40-nm colloidal gold conjugated to 5-D-4, an antibody to keratan sulfate, and visualized with video-enhanced light microscopy. From our observations of the motion of pericellular matrix macromolecules, we report that the chondrocyte pericellular matrix is a dynamic structure consisting of individual tethered molecular complexes which project outward from the cell surface. These complexes undergo restricted rotation or wobbling. When the cells were cultured with ascorbic acid, which promotes production of matrix components, the size of the cell coat and the position of the gold probes relative to the plasma membrane were not changed. However, the rapidity and extent of the tethered motion were reduced. Treatment with Streptomyces hyaluronidase removed the molecules that displayed the tethered motion. Addition of hyaluronan and aggrecan to hyaluronidase-treated cells yielded the same labeling pattern and tethered motion observed with native cell coats. To determine if aggrecan was responsible for the extended configuration of the complexes, only hyaluronan was added to the hyaluronidase-treated cells. The position and mobility of the hyaluronan was detected using biotinylated hyaluronan binding region (b- HABR) and gold streptavidin. The gold-labeled b-HABR was found only near the cell surface. Based on these observations, the hyaluronan- aggrecan complexes composing the cell coat are proposed to be extended in a brush-like configuration in an analogous manner to that previously described for high density, grafted polymers in good solvents.
The Large Magellanic Cloud as a laboratory for Hot Bottom Burning in massive Asymptotic Giant Branch stars
Creators: name: Ventura, P.
name: Karakas, A. I.
name: Dell'Agli, F.
name: Boyer, M. L.
name: García-Hernández, D. A.
name: Di Criscienzo, M.
name: Schneider, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Spitzer observations of the rich population of Asymptotic Giant Branch stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to test models describing the internal structure and nucleosynthesis of the most massive of these stars, i.e. those with initial mass above $\sim 4M_{\odot}$. To this aim, we compare Spitzer observations of LMC stars with the theoretical tracks of Asymptotic Giant Branch models, calculated with two of the most popular evolution codes, that are known to differ in particular for the treatment of convection. Although the physical evolution of the two models are significantly different, the properties of dust formed in their winds are surprisingly similar, as is their position in the colour-colour (CCD) and colour-magnitude (CMD) diagrams obtained with the Spitzer bands. This model independent result allows us to select a well defined region in the ($[3.6]-[4.5], [5.8]-[8.0]$) plane, populated by AGB stars experiencing Hot Bottom Burning, the progeny of stars with mass $M\sim 5.5M_{\odot}$. This result opens up an important test of the strength hot bottom burning using detailed near-IR (H and K bands) spectroscopic analysis of the oxygen-rich, high luminosity candidates found in the well defined region of the colour-colour plane. This test is possible because the two stellar evolution codes we use predict very different results for the surface chemistry, and the C/O ratio in particular, owing to their treatment of convection in the envelope and of convective boundaries during third dredge-up. The differences in surface chemistry are most apparent when the model stars reach the phase with the largest infrared emission.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Tyrosine phosphorylation and acetylcholine receptor cluster formation in cultured Xenopus muscle cells
Creators: name: Baker, L. P.
name: Peng, H. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Aggregation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at sites of nerve-muscle contact is one of the earliest events to occur during the development of the neuromuscular junction. The stimulus presented to the muscle by nerve and the mechanisms underlying postsynaptic differentiation are not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of phosphotyrosine (PY)-containing proteins in cultured Xenopus muscle cells in response to AChR clustering stimuli. Results demonstrated a distinct accumulation of PY at AChR clusters induced by several stimuli, including nerve, the culture substratum, and polystyrene microbeads. AChR microclusters formed by external cross- linking did not show PY colocalization, implying that the accumulation of PY in response to clustering stimuli was not due to the aggregation of basally phosphorylated AChRs. A semi-quantitative determination of the time course for development of PY labeling at bead contacts revealed early PY accumulation within 15 min of contact before significant AChR aggregation. At later stages (within 15 h), the AChR signal came to approximate the PY signal. We have reported the inhibition of bead-induced AChR clustering in response to beads by a tyrphostin tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RG50864) (Peng, H. B., L. P. Baker, and Q. Chen. 1991. Neuron. 6:237-246). RG50864 also inhibited PY accumulation at bead contacts, providing evidence for tyrosine kinase activation in response to the bead stimulus. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation may play an important role in the generative stages of cluster formation, and may involve protein(s) other than or in addition to AChRs.
(3838) Jane Wilson Mann
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Characterization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins in the thermogenic muscles of fish
Creators: name: Block, Barbara A.
name: O'Brien, John
name: Meissner, Gerhard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: Marlins, sailfish, spearfishes, and swordfish have extraocular muscles that are modified into thermogenic organs beneath the brain. The modified muscle cells, called heater cells, lack organized myofibrils and are densely packed with sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), transverse (T) tubules, and mitochondria. Thermogenesis in the modified extraocular muscle fibers is hypothesized to be associated with increased energy turnover due to Ca2+ cycling at the SR. In this study, the proteins associated with sequestering and releasing Ca2+ from the SR (ryanodine receptor, Ca2+ ATPase, calsequestrin) of striated muscle cells were characterized in the heater SR using immunoblot and immunofluorescent techniques. Immunoblot analysis with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes both isoforms of nonmammalian RYRs indicates that the fish heater cells express only the alpha RYR isoform. The calcium dependency of [3H]ryanodine binding to the RYR isoform expressed in heater indicates functional identity with the non-mammalian alpha RYR isoform. Fluorescent labeling demonstrates that the RYR is localized in an anastomosing network throughout the heater cell cytoplasm. Measurements of oxalate supported 45Ca2+ uptake, Ca2+ ATPase activity, and [32P]phosphoenzyme formation demonstrate that the SR contains a high capacity for Ca2+ uptake via an ATP dependent enzyme. Immunoblot analysis of calsequestrin revealed a significant amount of the Ca2+ binding protein in the heater cell SR. The present study provides the first direct evidence that the heater SR system contains the proteins necessary for Ca2+ release, re-uptake and sequestration, thus supporting the hypothesis that thermogenesis in the modified muscle cells is achieved via an ATP-dependent cycling of Ca2+ between the SR and cytosolic compartments.
Motile kinetochores and polar ejection forces dictate chromosome position on the vertebrate mitotic spindle
Creators: name: Salmon, E. D.
name: Rieder, Conly L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: We argue that hypotheses for how chromosomes achieve a metaphase alignment, that are based solely on a tug-of-war between poleward pulling forces produced along the length of opposing kinetochore fibers, are no longer tenable for vertebrates. Instead, kinetochores move themselves and their attached chromosomes, poleward and away from the pole, on the ends of relatively stationary but shortening/elongating kinetochore fiber microtubules. Kinetochores are also "smart" in that they switch between persistent constant-velocity phases of poleward and away from the pole motion, both autonomously and in response to information within the spindle. Several molecular mechanisms may contribute to this directional instability including kinetochore-associated microtubule motors and kinetochore microtubule dynamic instability. The control of kinetochore directional instability, to allow for congression and anaphase, is likely mediated by a vectorial mechanism whose magnitude and orientation depend on the density and orientation or growth of polar microtubules. Polar microtubule arrays have been shown to resist chromosome poleward motion and to push chromosomes away from the pole. These "polar ejection forces" appear to play a key role in regulating kinetochore directional instability, and hence, positions achieved by chromosomes on the spindle.
NCAM-dependent neurite outgrowth is inhibited in neurons from Fyn-minus mice
Creators: name: Soriano, Philippe
name: Maness, Patricia F.
name: Beggs, Hilary E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: Src-related nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases in nerve growth cones (p59fyn, pp60c-src, and pp62c-yes) are potential intracellular signaling molecules for cell adhesion molecule-directed axonal growth. To determine whether src-related tyrosine kinases mediate NCAM- dependent neurite outgrowth, cultures of cerebellar and sensory neurons from fyn-, src-, and yes- minus mice were analyzed for neurite outgrowth on monolayers of NCAM140-transfected L fibroblasts. NCAM- dependent neurite outgrowth was selectively inhibited in cultures of cerebellar and dorsal root ganglion neurons from fyn-, but not src- or yes- mice. Neurite outgrowth by fyn-, src-, or yes- neurons on untransfected fibroblast monolayers was unaffected, indicating that these kinases do not contribute significantly to axon growth on at least some integrins or other adhesive substrates present on fibroblasts. This study demonstrates that p59fyn is an essential component of the NCAM signaling pathway leading to axonal growth.
(3835) [Bessie] Sarah Elizabeth Talbot Sawtell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The random packing density of nearly spherical particles
Creators: name: Kallus, Yoav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Obtaining general relations between macroscopic properties of random assemblies, such as density, and the microscopic properties of their constituent particles, such as shape, is a foundational challenge in the study of amorphous materials. By leveraging existing understanding of the random packing of spherical particles, we estimate the random packing density for all sufficiently spherical shapes. Our method uses the ensemble of random packing configurations of spheres as a reference point for a perturbative calculation, which we carry to linear order in the deformation. A fully analytic calculation shows that all sufficiently spherical shapes pack more densely than spheres. Additionally, we use simulation data for spheres to calculate numerical estimates for nonspherical particles and compare these estimates to simulations.
description: Source files include replication code
(3836) Allan Mann
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Five-body leptonic decays of muon and tau leptons
Creators: name: Flores-Tlalpa, A.
name: Castro, G. López
name: Roig, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the five-body decays $μ^- \to e^- e^+ e^- ν_μ \barν_{e}$ and $τ^- \to \ell^- \ell'^+\ell'^-ν_τ\barν_{\ell}$ for $\ell, \ell'=e, μ$ within the Standard Model (SM) and in a general effective field theory description of the weak interactions at low energies. We compute the branching ratios and compare our results with two previous, mutually discrepant, SM calculations. By assuming a general structure for the weak currents we derive the expressions for the energy and angular distributions of the three charged leptons when the decaying lepton is polarized, which will be useful in precise tests of the weak charged current at Belle II. In these decays, leptonic $\mathbf{T}$-odd correlations in triple products of spin and momenta --which may signal time reversal violation in the leptonic sector-- are suppressed by the tiny neutrino masses. Therefore, a measurement of such $\mathbf{T}$-violating observables would be associated to neutrinoless lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays, where this effect is not extremely suppressed. We also study the backgrounds that the SM five-lepton lepton decays constitute to searches of LFV $L^- \to \ell^- \ell'^+\ell'^-$ decays. Searches at high values of the invariant mass of the $\ell'^+\ell'^-$ pair look the most convenient way to overcome the background.
description: 40 pages, 6 figures, extended discussion of results in the case of the effective lagrangian approach; other minor corrections/modifications are added
(3833) Alex Reid
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Traction forces generated by locomoting keratocytes
Creators: name: Leonard, Michelle
name: Oliver, Tim
name: Lee, Juliet
name: Ishihara, Akira
name: Jacobson, Ken
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: Traction forces produced by moving fibroblasts have been observed as distortions in flexible substrata including wrinkling of thin, silicone rubber films. Traction forces generated by fibroblast lamellae were thought to represent the forces required to move the cell forwards. However, traction forces could not be detected with faster moving cell types such as leukocytes and growth cones (Harris, A. K., D. Stopak, and P. Wild. 1981. Nature (Lond.). 290:249-251). We have developed a new assay in which traction forces produced by rapidly locomoting fish keratocytes can be detected by the two-dimensional displacements of small beads embedded in the plane of an elastic substratum. Traction forces were not detected at the rapidly extending front edge of the cell. Instead the largest traction forces were exerted perpendicular to the left and right cell margins. The maximum traction forces exerted by keratocytes were estimated to be approximately 2 x 10(-8) N. The pattern of traction forces can be related to the locomotion of a single keratocyte in terms of lamellar contractility and area of close cell- substratum contact.
(3834) Maggie Sawtell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
REGENERATION AND POST-AUTOTOMY MOLTING CYCLE IN THE SPIDER CRAB ACANTHONYX-LUNULATUS (RISSO) (CRUSTACEA DECAPODA OXYRHYNCHA)
Creators: name: Laugier, N.
name: Chaix, J. C.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1985

Abstract
Recent Advances in Nutritious Appetizers: Characteristics, Formulas, Technical Attributes, and Health Benefits
Creators: name: Khalifa, Ibrahim
name: Nawaz, Asad
name: Sobhy, Remah
name: Walyat, Noman
name: Zou, Xiaobo
name: Farag, Mohamed A.
name: Li, Chunmei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: For the first time, the characteristics, formulas, challenges, technical concerns, and health benefits of the nutritious appetizers were comprehensively narrated. Research findings from available literature were compiled, and the possible approaches that could be employed to improve nutritious bar stability and amend their producibility were presented. The post-processing changes in the nutritious bars, such as their texture hardening and browning, were extensively studied as compared to their processing. The proteinaceous and fibrous appetizers showed some health benefits with acceptable sensory properties. Fortifying nutritious appetizers further with phytochemicals and modifying the structure of the appetizers were recently suggested. Although the current evidence is promising, further studies are still needed to enhance the sensory paldratability of the nutritious bars/balls.
Immunolocalization of sarcolemmal dihydropyridine receptor and sarcoplasmic reticular triadin and ryanodine receptor in rabbit ventricle and atrium
Creators: name: Ferguson, Donald G.
name: Meissner, Gerhard
name: Brandt, Neil R.
name: Caswell, Anthony H.
name: Vaghy, Pol L.
name: Felix, Kelly
name: Carl, Stephanie Lewis
name: Ball Jr., W. James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The subcellular distribution of sarcolemmal dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and sarcoplasmic reticular triadin and Ca2+ release channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR) was determined in adult rabbit ventricle and atrium by double labeling immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. In ventricular muscle cells the immunostaining was observed primarily as transversely oriented punctate bands spaced at approximately 2-micron intervals along the whole length of the muscle fibers. Image analysis demonstrated a virtually complete overlap of the staining patterns of the three proteins, suggesting their close association at or near dyadic couplings that are formed where the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is apposed to the surface membrane or its infoldings, the transverse (T-) tubules. In rabbit atrial cells, which lack an extensive T-tubular system, DHPR-specific staining was observed to form discrete spots along the sarcolemma but was absent from the interior of the fibers. In atrium, punctate triadin- and RyR-specific staining was also observed as spots at the cell periphery and image analysis indicated that the three proteins were co- localized at, or just below, the sarcolemma. In addition, in the atrial cells triadin- and RyR-specific staining was observed to form transverse bands in the interior cytoplasm at regularly spaced intervals of approximately 2 micron. Electron microscopy suggested that this cytoplasmic staining was occurring in regions where substantial amounts of extended junctional SR were present. These data indicate that the DHPR codistributes with triadin and the RyR in rabbit ventricle and atrium, and furthermore suggest that some of the SR Ca2+ release channels in atrium may be activated in the absence of a close association with the DHPR.
O'ZBEKISTON SOLIQQA TORTISH TIZIMIDA JISMONIY SHAXSLARDAN OLINADIGAN SOLIQLARNI JORIY ETILISHINING BOSQICHLARI
Creators: name: Jononmirzayeva, Dilafruz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maqolada mahalliy byudjetlar daromad bazasini shakllanishi, unda yer solig‘i va mulk solig‘ining ahamiyati va ilmiy-amaliy asoslari yoritib berilgan. Mahalliy byudjetlar daromadlari barqarorligini ta’minlash imkoniyatlari asoslangan. Yer hamda mulk solig‘ining mahalliy byudjetlar daromadlarini shakllantirishdagi ahamiyatini oshirish yuzasidan tartib va amaliy tavsiyalar taklif etildi. Bundan tashqari, mahalliy byudjet daromadlarini oshirish yo‘llari bo‘yicha tadqiqot olib borilgan bo‘lib, mavzu doirasida iqtisodchi olimlarning tadqiqotlari o‘rganilib, xulosa va takliflar shakllantirildi.
Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the adhesions of ras-transformed breast epithelia
Creators: name: Burridge, Keith
name: Kinch, Michael S.
name: Der, Channing J.
name: Clark, Geoffrey J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Transformed epithelial cells often are characterized by a fibroblastic or mesenchymal morphology. These cells exhibit altered cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions. Here we have identified changes in the adhesions and cytoskeletal interactions of transformed epithelial cells that contribute to their altered morphology. Using MCF-10A human breast epithelial cells as a model system, we have found that transformation by an activated form of ras is characterized by less developed adherens- type junctions between cells but increased focal adhesions. Contributing to the modified adherens junctions of the transformed cells are decreased interactions among beta-catenin, E-cadherin, and the actin cytoskeleton. The ras-transformed cells reveal elevated phosphotyrosine in many proteins, including beta-catenin and p120 Cas. Whereas in the normal cells beta-catenin is found in association with E- cadherin, p120 Cas is not. In the ras-transformed cells, the situation is reversed; tyrosine-phosphorylated p120 Cas, but not tyrosine- phosphorylated beta-catenin, now is detected in E-cadherin complexes. The tyrosine-phosphorylated beta-catenin also shows increased detergent solubility, suggesting a decreased association with the actin cytoskeleton. p120 Cas, whether tyrosine phosphorylated or not, partitions into the detergent soluble fraction, suggesting that it is not tightly bound to the actin cytoskeleton in either the normal or ras- transformed cells. Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases decrease the level of tyrosine phosphorylation and restore a normal epithelial morphology to the ras-transformed cells. In particular, decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin is accompanied by increased interaction with both E-cadherin and the detergent insoluble cytoskeletal fraction. These results suggest that elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins such as beta-catenin and p120 Cas contribute to the altered adherens junctions of ras-transformed epithelia.
Identification of a Mid-anaphase Checkpoint in Budding Yeast
Creators: name: Yang, Sam S.
name: Salmon, E. D.
name: Bloom, Kerry
name: Yeh, Elaine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Activation of a facultative, dicentric chromosome provides a unique opportunity to introduce a double strand DNA break into a chromosome at mitosis. Time lapse video enhanced-differential interference contrast analysis of the cellular response upon dicentric activation reveals that the majority of cells initiates anaphase B, characterized by pole–pole separation, and pauses in mid-anaphase for 30–120 min with spindles spanning the neck of the bud before completing spindle elongation and cytokinesis. The length of the spindle at the delay point (3–4 μm) is not dependent on the physical distance between the two centromeres, indicating that the arrest represents surveillance of a dicentric induced aberration. No mid-anaphase delay is observed in the absence of the RAD9 checkpoint gene, which prevents cell cycle progression in the presence of damaged DNA. These observations reveal RAD9- dependent events well past the G2/M boundary and have considerable implications in understanding how chromosome integrity and the position and state of the mitotic spindle are monitored before cytokinesis.
Toric degenerations and symplectic geometry of smooth projective varieties
Creators: name: Kaveh, Kiumars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D05, 14D06

description: Let $X$ be an $n$-dimensional smooth complex projective variety embedded in $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{N}$. We construct a smooth family $\mathcal{X}$ over $\mathbb{C}$ with an embedding in $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{N} \times \mathbb{C}$ whose generic fiber is $X$ and the special fiber is the torus $(\mathbb{C}^*)^n$ sitting in $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{N}$ via a monomial embedding. We use this to show that if $ω$ is an integral Kähler form on $X$ then for any $ε> 0$ there is an open subset $U_ε\subset X$ such that $vol(X \setminus U_ε) < ε$ and $U_ε$ is symplectomorphic to $(\mathbb{C}^*)^n$ equipped with a (rational) toric Kähler form. As an application we obtain lower bounds for the Gromov width of $(X, ω)$ in terms of its associated Newton-Okounkov bodies. We also show that if $ω$ lies in the class $c_1(L)$ of a very ample line bundle $L$ then $(X, ω)$ has a full symplectic packing with $d$ equal balls where $d$ is the degree of $(X, L)$.
description: Revised in many places, applications to symplectic packing problem and lower bounds on Gromov width in terms of Newton-Okounkov bodies added, 26 pages, 1 figure
Microtubule Dynamics from Mating through the First Zygotic Division in the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Salmon, E. D.
name: Mallavarapu, A.
name: Yeh, E.
name: Chin, E.
name: Maddox, Paul
name: Bloom, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: We have used time-lapse digital imaging microscopy to examine cytoplasmic astral microtubules (Mts) and spindle dynamics during the mating pathway in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mating begins when two cells of opposite mating type come into proximity. The cells arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and grow a projection towards one another forming a shmoo projection. Imaging of microtubule dynamics with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions to dynein or tubulin revealed that the nucleus and spindle pole body (SPB) became oriented and tethered to the shmoo tip by a Mt-dependent search and capture mechanism. Dynamically unstable astral Mts were captured at the shmoo tip forming a bundle of three or four astral Mts. This bundle changed length as the tethered nucleus and SPB oscillated toward and away from the shmoo tip at growth and shortening velocities typical of free plus end astral Mts (∼0.5 μm/min). Fluorescent fiduciary marks in Mt bundles showed that Mt growth and shortening occurred primarily at the shmoo tip, not the SPB. This indicates that Mt plus end assembly/disassembly was coupled to pushing and pulling of the nucleus. Upon cell fusion, a fluorescent bar of Mts was formed between the two shmoo tip bundles, which slowly shortened (0.23 ± 0.07 μm/min) as the two nuclei and their SPBs came together and fused (karyogamy). Bud emergence occurred adjacent to the fused SPB ∼30 min after SPB fusion. During the first mitosis, the SPBs separated as the spindle elongated at a constant velocity (0.75 μm/min) into the zygotic bud. There was no indication of a temporal delay at the 2-μm stage of spindle morphogenesis or a lag in Mt nucleation by replicated SPBs as occurs in vegetative mitosis implying a lack of normal checkpoints. Thus, the shmoo tip appears to be a new model system for studying Mt plus end dynamic attachments and much like higher eukaryotes, the first mitosis after haploid cell fusion in budding yeast may forgo cell cycle checkpoints present in vegetative mitosis.
(3830) Margaret Catherine Stewart Robertson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Towards Understanding Underlying Principles for Efficient Energy Transport in Biological Complexes
Creators: name: Claridge, Kirsten
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2020

description: Light harvesting complexes are a type of biological complex found in photosynthetic bacteria and plants. They perform a critical role in the photosynthetic pathway – transporting energy absorbed from sunlight to the reaction centre – and do so with exceptional efficiency. Understanding the root of this however has proved difficult due to the large size and the complexity of the systems. The wide structural variability of these complexes further complicates matters, raising the question of optimality of the complexes: is the exceptional efficiency by chance or design? This work aims to aid the description of the underlying principles of energy transport in these complexes and move towards answering the question of chance versus design. A force matching method to develop molecular mechanics forcefields for use in studies combining molecular dynamics with higher level methods (a strategy regularly employed in biophysical research) is outlined. This method reduces errors resulting from the methodology and lessens computational demand of developing forcefields, making the study of multiple complexes more feasible. Resulting forcefields lead to notable differences in subsequent spectral density computations. Structure-function relationships and the role of environment is investigated by examining spectral densities of rigid chromophores of several complexes with different functions. Analysis of the results reveals the environment to be unspecific in regard to function. Examining the exciton dynamics of several light harvesting complexes may uncover important characteristics of light harvesting. In order to study this the excitonic Hamiltonian of several complexes is computed and their dynamics propagated using a Lindblad master equation. The results indicate the protein likely plays little role in exciton dynamics with the most influential component being the solvent. The exciton dynamics are found to be determined solely by the static disorder of the system and the results suggest relative arrangement of LHCs is more important for efficiency than internal arrangement of chromophores.