cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Role of Frustration in a Weakly Disordered Checkerboard Lattice
Creators: name: Zimmer, F. M.
name: Silva, W. C.
name: Schmidt, M.
name: Magalhaes, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quenched disorder effects on frustrated systems are explored by considering random fluctuations on the antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions between spins on the checkerboard lattice. The replica framework is adopted within a cluster mean-field approach, resulting in an effective single-cluster model. This effective model is treated within a one-step replica symmetry breaking (RSB) approach with exact evaluations for all intracluster interactions. Competing interactions are introduced by tuning the ratio $J_2/J_1$ (where $J_1$ and $J_2$ are first-neighbour and second-neighbor interactions, respectively), which can lead to a highly frustrated scenario when $J_2/J_1\rightarrow 1$, where a phase transition between AF orders takes place in the absence of disorder. In particular, the AF order appears at lower values of $J_2/J_1$, with the Neel temperature decreasing as the frustration increases. However, quenched disorder changes this description, introducing a RSB spin glass phase for strong enough disorder intensity $J$. In fact, for low levels of disorder, a RSB solution with staggered magnetization (mixed phase) emerges from the maximum frustration region. It suggests that, in the presence of weak quenched disorder, systems with competing interactions are prone to present a glassy behavior instead of conventional orders.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Spring production of alkenones in Lake St Moritz (Switzerland): a first step towards the use of the alkenone paleothermometer in mid-latitude freshwater lakes
Creators: name: Martin, Céline
name: Bouffard, Damien
name: Pomati, Francesco
name: Amaral-Zettler, Linda
name: Dubois, Nathalie
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Most traditional paleoclimate proxies are either biased towards summer or assumed to record annual averages. We lack proxies for winter and transitional seasons. As a result, our vision of past climate is incomplete, which limits our understanding of climate mechanisms. A new paleothermometer has recently emerged and shows great potential to reconstruct past spring temperatures in freshwater lakes, the lacustrine alkenone biomarker. Alkenones are temperature-sensitive lipids produced specifically by Isochrysidales algae and have been widely used to reconstruct past sea surface temperatures. Alkenones are also found in lakes and have been linked to lake water temperatures in high latitude freshwater lakes. Monitoring studies in these lakes showed that alkenone production occurred during a short period after the ice melt. Depending on the timing of the ice-out, lacustrine alkenones record spring or summer temperatures. Lacustrine alkenones are increasingly reported in mid-latitude freshwater lakes but the seasonality of their production remained to be constrained. In our study, we monitored for the first time the alkenone production in a mid-latitude lake, Lake St Moritz in Switzerland. We sampled lake water and sediment trap contents during a year to follow the alkenone production in the lake. We also monitored the evolution through time of temperature and physico-chemical parameters of the lake water. We recorded the peak of alkenone production in spring 2022 and calculated the index of every sample containing alkenones to build an in-situ calibration. This calibration should allow us, in the future, to reconstruct spring temperatures in the past from Lake St Moritz sediments. Our goal is also to identify the drivers of the timing of alkenone production to better understand and interpret past variations of alkenone content in sediments. This study lays the foundations for the use of lacustrine alkenones as a spring paleothermometer in mid-latitude freshwater lakes.
description: IAL-IPA 2022 Abstract Book - Lagos Memorias del Territorio
Supersymmetric multi-charge solitons in AdS$_5$
Creators: name: Durgut, Turkuler
name: Kunduri, Hari K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct supersymmetric, asymptotically AdS$_5$ gravitational soliton solutions of five-dimensional gauged supergravity coupled to arbitrarily many vector multiplets. These generalize the supersymmetric solitons of $U(1)^3$ gauged supergravity previously constructed by Chong, Cvetic, Lu, and Pope. We show that the solitons contain evanescent ergosurfaces and give an argument that these solitons should be nonlinearly unstable.
description: 18 pages, v2: minor corrections, agrees with published version
Influence of Disk Aberrations on High-Power Thin-Disk Laser Cavities
Creators: name: Seidel, Moritz
name: Lang, Lukas
name: Phillips, Christopher R.
name: Keller, Ursula
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Solid-state lasers

description: EPJ Web of Conferences, 267
description: ISSN:2100-014X
description: ISSN:2101-6275
description: 10th EPS-QEOD Europhoton Conference on Solid-State, Fibre, and Waveguide Coherent Light Sources (EUROPHOTON 2022)
Near Threshold Heavy Quarkonium Photoproduction at Large Momentum Transfer
Creators: name: Sun, Peng
name: Tong, Xuan-Bo
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbative QCD is applied to investigate the near threshold heavy quarkonium photoproduction at large momentum transfer. We take into account the contributions from the leading three-quark Fock states of the nucleon. The dominant contribution comes from the three-quark Fock state with one unit quark orbital angular momentum (OAM) whereas that from zero quark OAM is suppressed at the threshold. From our analysis, we also show that there is no direct connection between the near threshold heavy quarkonium photoproduction and the gluonic gravitational form factors of the nucleon. Based on the comparison between our result and recent GlueX data of $J/ψ$ photoproduction, we make predictions for $ψ'$ and $Υ$ (1S,2S) states which can be tested in future experiments.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2103.12047
Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning for Extractive Legal Summarization
Creators: name: Nguyen, Duy-Hung
name: Nguyen, Bao-Sinh
name: Nghiem, Nguyen Viet Dung
name: Le, Dung Tien
name: Khatun, Mim Amina
name: Nguyen, Minh-Tien
name: Le, Hung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic summarization of legal texts is an important and still a challenging task since legal documents are often long and complicated with unusual structures and styles. Recent advances of deep models trained end-to-end with differentiable losses can well-summarize natural text, yet when applied to legal domain, they show limited results. In this paper, we propose to use reinforcement learning to train current deep summarization models to improve their performance on the legal domain. To this end, we adopt proximal policy optimization methods and introduce novel reward functions that encourage the generation of candidate summaries satisfying both lexical and semantic criteria. We apply our method to training different summarization backbones and observe a consistent and significant performance gain across 3 public legal datasets.
Unexpected Linearly Stable Orbits in $3$-Dimensional Billiards
Creators: name: Attarchi, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we construct linearly stable periodic orbits in $3$-dimensional domains with boundaries containing focusing components (small pieces of a sphere) where we place these components arbitrarily far apart. It demonstrates that we cannot directly implement the construction methods of planar billiards with focusing boundaries and chaotic properties into $3$-dimensional billiards.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Availability, price, tradition, religion, income, social, development and economic influences on meat consumption
Creators: name: Fahim A. S.
Publisher: name: gjrpublication
Year: 2024

description: The Muslims slaughtered the AL-Odhia of sheep, goat, cattle, buffaloe and camel in Eid Al-Adha every year and eat their meat. The Muslims eat the meat of all animals except pig all over the year. The Christians not eat meat and other foods of animal origin in certain periods of the year. The meat consumption is based largely on the availability, price and tradition. The meat production is a very complex operation depending not only on the demand which is usually based up on the price and the income, but up on the many social and economic influences such as the official policy, the price support mechanisms, and the interrelations such as the interaction between beef and milk production, the availability of animal feedstuffs and the competition for the food between the man and the animals.It is difficult to make accurate comparisons of the meat consumption between the countries in the world because the different methods are used to estimate the consumption. The figures may be derived from the total supplies available at wholesale level, or from the records of the household purchases, with or without estimates of what is consumed away from the home; the estimate of waste, both in the preparation of the food and by the individual adds to the uncertainty. Some national estimates fail to include the imports, and some surveys include the weight of non-meat components of the products, for example the amount of the meat in a product can range between hundred percentage in some types of the burger to ten percentage in some types of the pizza. The food Balance Sheets are prepared from the figures for the production, the imports, the stock changes and the exports with allowances for the feed, the processing and "The other uses" and the same methods are applied to all the regions. The amount of the meat consumed in different countries in the world varies enormously with social, economic and political influences, religious beliefs and geographical differences.
Spontaneous breaking of multipole symmetries
Creators: name: Stahl, Charles
name: Lake, Ethan
name: Nandkishore, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multipole symmetries are of interest both as a window on fracton physics and as a crucial ingredient in realizing new universality classes for quantum dynamics. Here we address the question of whether and when multipole symmetries can be spontaneously broken, both in thermal equilibrium and at zero temperature. We derive generalized Mermin-Wagner arguments for the total or partial breaking of multipolar symmetry groups and generalized Imry-Ma arguments for the robustness of such multipolar symmetry breaking to disorder. We present both general results and explicit examples. Our results should be directly applicable to quantum dynamics with multipolar symmetries and also provide a useful stepping stone to understanding the robustness of fracton phases to thermal fluctuations, quantum fluctuations, and disorder.
description: 9 pages. v2: extended the analysis and added a coauthor. v3: clarified some arguments
Dyson gas on a curved contour
Creators: name: Wiegmann, P.
name: Zabrodin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and study a model of a logarithmic gas with inverse temperature $β$ on an arbitrary smooth closed contour in the plane. This model generalizes Dyson's gas (the $β$-ensemble) on the unit circle. We compute the non-vanishing terms of the large $N$ expansion of the free energy ($N$ is the number of particles) by iterating the "loop equation" that is the Ward identity with respect to reparametrizations and dilatation of the contour. We show that the main contribution to the free energy is expressed through the spectral determinant of the Neumann jump operator associated with the contour, or equivalently through the Fredholm determinant of the Neumann-Poincare (double layer) operator. This result connects the statistical mechanics of the Dyson gas to the spectral geometry of the interior and exterior domains of the supporting contour.
description: 35 pages, no figures
Notiziario IODP-Italia - 2011
Creators: name: IODP-ITALIA Commissione IODP-Italia-Commissione Per Il Coordinamento Della Partecipazione Italiana All'International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Volume 4 Numero ILuglio 2011Pubblicazione semestrale a cura della Redazione IODP-ItaliaNotiziario IODP-ItaliaElisabetta ErbaPaola Tartarotti
Improved description of di-lepton production in $τ^-\toν_τP^-$ decays
Creators: name: Guevara, Adolfo
name: Castro, Gabriel López
name: Roig, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the Belle collaboration reported the first measurements of the $τ^- \toν_τπ^-e^+e^-$ branching fraction and the spectrum of the pion-dielectron system. In an analysis previous to Belle's results, we evaluated this branching fraction which turned out to be compatible with that reported by Belle, although with a large uncertainty. This is the motivation to seek for improvements on our previous evaluation of $τ^- \to ν_τπ^-\ell^+\ell^-$ decays ($\ell=e,\,μ$). In this paper we improve our calculation of the $WP^-γ^*$ vertex by including flavour symmetry breaking effects in the framework of the Resonance Chiral Theory. We impose QCD short-distance behaviour to constrain most parameters and data on the $π^-e^+e^-$ spectrum reported by Belle to fix the remaining free ones. As a result, improved predictions for the branching ratios and hadronic/leptonic spectra are reported, in good agreement with observations. Analogous calculations for the strangeness-changing $τ^- \to ν_τK^-\ell^+\ell^-$ transitions are reported for the first time. Albeit one expects the $m_{πμ^+μ^-}$ spectrum to be measured in Belle-II and the observables with $\ell=e$ can be improved, it is rather unlikely that the $K$ channels can be measured due to the suppression factor $|V_{ud}/V_{us}|^2=0.05$.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables
Lepton-pair production at hadron colliders at N$^3$LO in QCD
Creators: name: Duhr, Claude
name: Mistlberger, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute for the first time the complete corrections at N$^3$LO in the strong coupling constant to the inclusive neutral-current Drell-Yan process including contributions from both photon and $Z$-boson exchange. Our main result is the computation of the QCD corrections to the inclusive production cross section of an axial-vector boson to third order in the strong coupling in a variant of QCD with five massless quark flavours. Since the axial anomaly does not cancel for an odd number of flavours, we also consistently include non-decoupling effects in the top-quark mass through three loops. We perform a phenomenological study of our results, and we present for the first time predictions for the inclusive Drell-Yan process at the LHC at this order in QCD perturbation theory.
description: Nice Plots and Nice Formulae
title: Investigating how the subjective experience of worry is constructed by qualitative research methods
Creators: name: Myles, Caroline
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: The purpose of this review is to identify and summarise qualitative research focusing on the subjective experience of worry. The majority of research to date has focussed on quantitative measures of worry which limit participants’ responses to ratings on pre-defined questionnaire items. In summarising open ended subjective studies about the experience of worry, this review aims to identify phenomenological aspects of the experience of worry that may further advance theory development. Findings are summarised. The following key qualitative themes were identified, a) control over worry, b) value assessments of worry, c) perceived causes of worry and d) cognitive features of worry. However, all qualitative studies identified by the review were lacking in quality, transparency and/or richness. It is recommended that further research be conducted which utilise qualitative methodologies involving rigorous and transparent processes.
Lattice QCD at nonzero temperature and density
Creators: name: Aarts, G.
name: Allton, C.
name: Hands, S.
name: Jäger, B.
name: Kim, S.
name: Lombardo, M. P.
name: Nikolaev, A. A.
name: Ryan, S. M.
name: Skullerud, J. -I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss some selected recent developments in the field of lattice QCD at nonzero temperature and density, describing in particular the transition from the hadronic gas to the quark-gluon plasma, as seen in simulations using Wilson fermions.
description: 9 pages, invited talk presented at the XXXII IUPAP Conference on Computational Physics 21, Coventry, UK, 1-5 August 2021
Notiziario IODP-Italia - 2010
Creators: name: IODP-ITALIA Commissione IODP-Italia-Commissione Per Il Coordinamento Della Partecipazione Italiana All'International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Volume 3 Numero IMaggio 2010Pubblicazione semestrale a cura della Redazione IODP-ItaliaNotiziario IODP-ItaliaElisabetta ErbaPaola TartarottiBianca De Bernardi
Dirac fermions in armchair graphene nanoribbons trapped by electric quantum dots
Creators: name: Jakubsky, Vit
name: Kuru, Sengul
name: Negro, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the confinement of Dirac fermions in armchair graphene nanoribbons by means of a quantum-dot-type electrostatic potential. With the use of specific projection operators, we find exact solutions for some bound states that satisfy appropriate boundary conditions. We show that the energies of these bound states belong either to the gap of valence and conducting bands or they represent BIC's (bound states in the continuum) whose energies are embedded in the continuous spectrum.
On the Conservation of Turbulence Energy in Turbulence Transport Models
Creators: name: Wang, Bingbing
name: Zank, Gary P.
name: Adhikari, Laxman
name: Zhao, Lingling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zank et al. developed models describing the transport of low frequency incompressible and nearly incompressible turbulence in inhomogeneous flows. The formalism was based on expressing the fluctuating variables in terms of the Elsässar variables and then taking "moments" subject to various closure hypotheses. The turbulence transport models are different according to whether the plasma beta regime is large or of order 1 or smaller. Here, we show explicitly that the two sets of turbulence transport models admit a conservation representation that resembles the well-known WKB transport equation for Alfvén wave energy density after introducing appropriate definitions of the "pressure" associated with the turbulent fluctuations. This includes introducing a distinct turbulent pressure tensor for 3D incompressible turbulence (the large plasma beta limit) and pressure tensors for quasi-2D and slab turbulence (the plasma beta order 1 or small regimes) that generalize the form of the WKB pressure tensor. Various limits of the different turbulent pressure tensors are discussed. However, the analogy between the conservation form of the turbulence transport models and the WKB model is not close for multiple reasons, including that the turbulence models express fully nonlinear physical processes unlike the strictly linear WKB description. The analysis presented here serves both as a check on the validity and correctness of the turbulence transport models and provides greater transparency of the energy dissipation term and the "turbulent pressure" in our models, which is important for many practical applications.
description: 19 pages, 0 figure
Phases of Confining SU(5) Chiral Gauge Theory with Three Generations
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Stolarski, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possible low energy phases of the confining non-supersymmetric $SU(5)$ chiral gauge theory with three generations of fermions in the $(10+\bar{5})$ representations. This theory has the same fermion and gauge matter content as the simplest Georgi-Glashow grand unified theory of the Standard Model and has an $SU(3)\times SU(3)\times U(1)$ global symmetry. Using 't Hooft anomaly matching, most attractive channel, and soft SUSY breaking approaches, we outline a number of possible consistent low energy vacua including one with a remnant $SO(3)\times U(1)$ symmetry that is analogous to the one-generation model. For the soft SUSY breaking approach, we find that as one extrapolates to large SUSY breaking to recover the original theory, a phase transition is possible. We show that such a phase transition is guaranteed if SUSY breaking is communicated via anomaly mediation.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure
Local discrimination of generalized Bell states via commutativity
Creators: name: Li, Mao-Sheng
name: Shi, Fei
name: Wang, Yan-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the distinguishability of generalized Bell states under local operations and classical communication. We introduced the concept of maximally commutative set (MCS), subset of generalized Pauli matrices whose elements are mutually commutative and there is no other generalized Pauli matrix that is commute with all the elements of this set. We found that MCS can be considered as a detector for local distinguishability of set $\mathcal{S}$ of generalized Bell states. In fact, we got an efficient criterion. That is, if the difference set of $\mathcal{S}$ is disjoint with or completely contain in some MCS, then the set $\mathcal{S}$ is locally distinguishable. Furthermore, we gave a useful characterization of MCS for arbitrary dimension, which provides great convenience for detecting the local discrimination of generalized Bell states. Our method can be generalized to more general settings which contains lattice qudit basis. Results in [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{92}, 177905 (2004)], [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{92}, 042320 (2015)] and a recent work [arXiv: 2109.07390] can be deduced as special cases of our result.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, minor modification
Constraints on partial half-lives of Ce-136 and Ce-138 double electron captures
Creators: name: Lehnert, B.
name: Hult, M.
name: Lutter, G.
name: Marissens, G.
name: Oberstedt, S.
name: Stroh, H.
name: Kotila, J.
name: Oberstedt, A.
name: Zuber, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gamma-ray emissions from a radiopure cerium-bromide crystal with a mass of 4381 g were measured for a total of 497.4 d by means of high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry in the HADES underground laboratory at a depth of 500 m.w.e. A search for 0/2nee and 0/2neb+ double beta decay transitions of Ce-136 and Ce-138 was performed using Bayesian analysis techniques. No signals were observed for a total of 35 investigated decay modes. 90% credibility limits were set in the order of 1e18-1e19 a. Existing constraints from a cerium oxide powder measurement were tested with a different cerium compound and half-life limits could be improved for most of the decay modes. The most likely accessible decay mode of the Ce-136 2nee transition into the 0+1 state of Ba-136 results in a new best 90% credibility limit of 5.0e18 a.
Atomic and mesoscopic structure of Dy-based surface alloys on noble metals
Creators: name: Mousavion, Sina
name: Yu, Ka Man
name: Maniraj, Mahalingam
name: Lyu, Lu
name: Knippertz, Johannes
name: Stadtmüller, Benjamin
name: Aeschlimann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface alloys are a highly tunable class of low dimensional materials with the opportunity to tune and control the spin and charge carrier functionalities on the nanoscale. Here, we focus on the atomic and mesoscopic structural details of three distinctive binary rare-earth-noble metals (RE/NM) surface alloys by employing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Using Dysprosium as the guest element on fcc(111) noble metal substrates, we identify the formation of non-commensurate surface alloy superstructures which exhibit homogeneous moiré patterns for DyCu2/Cu (111) and DyAu2/Au(111), while an inhomogeneous one is found for DyAg2/Ag(111). The variations in the local structure are analyzed for all three surface alloys and the observed differences are discussed in the light of the lattice mismatches of the alloy layer with respect to the underlying substrate. For the particularly intriguing case of a Dy-Ag surface alloy, the surface alloy layer does not show a uniform long-range periodic structure, but consists of local hexagonal tiles separated by extended domain walls. These domain walls exist to relief the in-plane strain within the DyAg2 surface alloy layer. Our findings clearly demonstrate that surface alloying is an intriguing tool to tailor both the local atomic, but also the mesoscopic moiré structures of metallic heterostructures.
Gauge Invariant Description of the $SU(2)$ Higgs model: Ward identities and Renormalization
Creators: name: Dudal, David
name: van Egmond, Duifje Maria
name: Justo, Igor Figueiredo
name: Peruzzo, Giovani
name: Sorella, Silvio Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalization properties of two local gauge invariant composite operators $(O,R^a_μ)$ corresponding, respectively, to the gauge invariant description of the Higgs particle and of the massive gauge vector boson, are analyzed to all orders in perturbation theory by means of the algebraic renormalization in the $SU(2)$ Higgs model, with a single scalar in the fundamental representation, when quantized in the Landau gauge in Euclidean space-time. The present analysis generalizes earlier results presented in the case of the $U(1)$ Higgs model. A powerful global Ward identity, related to an exact custodial symmetry, is derived for the first time, with deep consequences at the quantum level. In particular, the gauge invariant vector operators $R^a_μ$ turn out to be the conserved Noether currents of the above-mentioned custodial symmetry. As such, these composite operators do not renormalize, as expressed by the fact that the renormalization $Z$-factors of the corresponding external sources, needed to define the operators $R^a_μ$ at the quantum level, do not receive any quantum corrections. Another consistency feature of our analysis is that the longitudinal component of the two-point correlation function $\langle R^a_μ(p) R^b_ν(-p) \rangle$ exhibits only a tree level non-vanishing contribution which, moreover, is momentum independent, being thus not associated to any physical propagating mode. Finally, we point out that the renowned non-renormalization theorem for the ghost-antighost-vector boson vertex in Landau gauge remains true to all orders, also in presence of the Higgs field.
Observation of slow light in glide-symmetric photonic-crystal waveguides
Creators: name: Patil, Chirag Murendranath
name: Arregui, Guillermo
name: Mechlenborg, Morten
name: Zhou, Xiaoyan
name: Alaeian, Hadiseh
name: García, Pedro David
name: Stobbe, Søren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report optical transmission measurements on suspended silicon photonic-crystal waveguides, where one side of the photonic lattice is shifted by half a period along the waveguide axis. The combination of this glide symmetry and slow light leads to a strongly enhanced chiral light-matter interaction but the interplay between slow light and backscattering has not been investigated experimentally in such waveguides. We build photonic-crystal resonators consisting of glide-symmetric waveguides terminated by reflectors and use transmission measurements as well as evanescent coupling to map out the dispersion relation. We find excellent agreement with theory and measure group indices exceeding 90, implying significant potential for applications in slow-light devices and chiral quantum optics. By measuring resonators of different length, we assess the role of backscattering induced by fabrication imperfections and its intimate connection to the group index.
Variational and parquet-diagram calculations for neutron matter. IV. Spin-orbit interactions and linear response
Creators: name: Krotscheck, E.
name: Wang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the parquet-diagram summation method for neutron matter interacting via potentials that include spin, tensor, and spin-orbit components. For that purpose, we derive an exact expression for the sum of all ring-diagrams in terms effective local particle-hole interactions involving the above four operators. The parquet equations are closed by deriving the spin-orbit contribution to that particle-hole interaction. We show that many-body correlations screen the bare spin-orbit potential considerably, and the corrections of that screened spin-orbit potential to the other three interaction channels are quite small. We apply our method to the calculation of the response of neutron matter to density and both longitudinal and transverse spin-dependent external fields.
Multiple scattering of light in nanoparticle assemblies: user guide for the TERMS program
Creators: name: Schebarchov, Dmitri
name: Fazel-Najafabadi, Atefeh
name: Ru, Eric C. Le
name: Auguié, Baptiste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce TERMS, an open-source Fortran program to simulate near-field and far-field optical properties of clusters of particles. The program solves rigorously the Maxwell equations via the superposition T-matrix method, where incident and scattered fields are decomposed into series of vector spherical waves. TERMS implements several algorithms to solve the coupled system of multiple scattering equations that describes the electromagnetic interaction between neighbouring scatterers. From this formal solution, the program can compute a number of physically-relevant optical properties, such as far-field cross-sections for extinction, absorption, scattering and their corresponding circular dichroism, as well as local field intensities and degree of optical chirality. By describing the incident and scattered fields in a basis of spherical waves the T-matrix framework lends itself to analytical formulas for orientation-averaged quantities, corresponding to systems of particles in random orientation; TERMS offers such computations for both far-field and near-field quantities of interest. This user guide introduces the program, summarises the relevant theory, and is supplemented by a comprehensive suite of stand-alone examples in the website accompanying the code.
description: 42 pages
A new Higgs effective field theory and the new no-lose theorem
Creators: name: Kanemura, Shinya
name: Nagai, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-decoupling effects of heavy new particles cannot be described by the standard effective field theory with finite truncation of higher dimensional operators. We propose a new effective field theory in which non-decoupling quantum effects of new physics are correctly described. We discuss vacuum stability and perturbative unitarity in our effective field theory, and we find that the scale of new physics can be estimated if we will observe the Higgs coupling deviation via non-decoupling effects in future collider experiments.
description: 34 pages and 6 figures
A Joint Ranking Statistic for Multi-messenger Astronomical Searches with Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Piotrzkowski, Brandon
name: Baylor, Amanda
name: Hernandez, Ignacio Magaña
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Joint ranking statistics are used to distinguish real from random coincidences, ideally considering whether shared parameters are consistent with each other as well as whether the individual candidates are distinguishable from noise. We expand on previous works to include additional shared parameters, we use galaxy catalogues aspriors for sky localization and distance, and avoid some approximations previously used. We develop methods to calculate this statistic both in low-latency using HEALPix sky maps, as well as with posterior samples. We show that these changes lead to a factor of one to two orders of magnitude improvement for GW170817-GRB 170817A depending on the method used, placing this significant event further into the foreground. We also examined the more tenuous joint candidate GBM-GW150914, which was largely penalized by these methods. Finally, we performed a simplistic simulation that argues these changes could better help distinguish between real and random coincidences in searches, although more realistic simulations are needed to confirm this.
Correspondence between de Saint-Venant and Boussinesq: 9. The solitary, lapping and swell waves
Creators: name: Hager, Willi
name: Castro-Orgaz, Oscar
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Académie des Sciences
History of hydraulics
Hydrodynamics
Institut de France
Fluid wave

description: Fluid waves in open channels were a topic for which both de Saint-Venant and Boussinesq contributed significantly in their academic writings. It should be considered that the former introduced the system of equations describing the unsteady free surface flows in 1871 based on the hydrostatic pressure distribution, whereas the latter generalized the system by accounting for streamline curvature effects. Both systems involve highly non-linear terms, thereby excluding a simple mathematical solution technique.
Once Boussinesq had been working on liquid periodic waves and had been able to solve the enigma of the solitary wave, he continued his researches on the lapping waves and on the hydraulic swells, both of which are defined below in the Introduction. Based on his mathematical genius and the ability to simplify complicated differential equations, he was able to detract results from the general equations allowing to discuss the main features of the two wave types. This paper aims at presenting his approach based on the letters written and commented by de Saint-Venant, as was previously done for other topics included in their long correspondence lasting from 1868 to 1885. There is also a chapter in which Boussinesq explains de Saint-Venant how approximations may be constructed that can be often used to find the essence of the mathematical solution.
High resolution nanosecond spectroscopy of even-parity Rydberg excitons in Cu$_{2}$O
Creators: name: Rogers, Joshua P.
name: Gallagher, Liam A. P.
name: Pizzey, Danielle
name: Pritchett, Jon D.
name: Adams, Charles S.
name: Jones, Matthew P. A.
name: Hodges, Chris
name: Langbein, Wolfgang
name: Lynch, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of even parity Rydberg exciton states in cuprous oxide using time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG). Excitonic states with principal quantum number n = 5 - 12 were excited by nanosecond pulses around 1143 nm. Using time-resolved single-photon counting, the coherently generated second harmonic was isolated both temporally and spectroscopically from inelastic emission due to lower-lying free and bound excitonic states, which included narrow resonances at 1.99 eV associated with an exceptional lifetime of 641 $\pm$ 7 $μ$s. The near transform-limited excitation bandwidth enabled detailed measurements of the exciton lineshape and position, from which we obtained values for the quantum defects of the S and D excitonic states associated with the appropriate crystal symmetries. Odd parity P and F excitonic states were also observed, in accordance with predicted quadrupole-allowed two-photon excitation processes. We compared our measurements to conventional one-photon spectroscopy in the same sample, and find that the SHG spectrum is cut off at a lower principal quantum number (n = 12 vs n = 15). We attribute this effect to a combination of spatial inhomogeneities and local heating, and discuss the prospects for observing higher principal quantum number even parity states in future experiments.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
ICON Model Evaluation: A Cold Air Pool Case Study
Creators: name: Schöni, Fabian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: numerical weather prediction
Cold pools
ICON
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550
Earth sciences

description: The formation of stably stratified nocturnal Cold Air Pools (CAPs) is a frequently observed phenomenon in mountain valleys and sinkholes. Accurate representation of CAPs in numerical weather prediction models is important because they de termine local temperatures, may deteriorate air quality, and promote high-impact weather such as freezing rain. The CAP episode from 15-16 October, 2017, in the Inn Valley (Austria) has been selected for an evaluation of simulations conducted with the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model 1 km horizontal grid resolution. As this case was part of the Penetration and Interruption of Alpine Foehn (PIANO) field campaign, high abundance of observational data allows for a thorough analy sis of the horizontal and vertical structure of the CAP, as well as of the processes driving the CAP life cycle. The observational data reveals that this CAP episode featured a near-surface air temperature decrease of 17 K during formation and ma ture phase. The vertical expansion of the CAP is limited by a topping inversion at about 1000 m above ground level. ICON exhibits a significant warm bias below the top of the inversion, but manages to simulate the timing of the CAP life cycle well. The emission of longwave radiation from the Earth’s surface towards the atmo sphere proved to be the main mechanism for the simulated cooling, while turbulent heating was responsible for the dissipation of the simulated CAP. The discrepancies between the simulations and observations are mainly related to the representation of radiation and turbulence in the model as well as to the insufficient representation of the complex topography due to a too coarse horizontal resolution of the model.
"CH on the move" Introducing the Prototype Digital Twin of the Swiss Mobility System
Creators: name: Grübel, Jascha
name: Vivar Rios, Carlos
name: Balać, Miloš
name: Xin, Yanan
name: Franken, Robin M.
name: Ossey, Sabrina
name: Raubal, Martin
name: Axhausen, Kay W.
name: Riba-Grognuz, Oksana
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Twin
subject: Open Platform
subject: Open Source
subject: Open Research Data
subject: Mobility
subject: Switzerland
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/004
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/624
subject: Data processing, computer science
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Mobility simulations are crucial for research, industry, and governance. However, simulating mobility systems with reasonable accuracy requires large-scale efforts of data collection, data transformation, data analysis, and data visualization. The paradigm of the digital twin offers a novel perspective on how to manage the data efficiently and make the simulations available more steadily at a lower cost. We introduce the first prototype of the “CH on the move” digital twin that is designed to be openly available to all interested parties to enable a common baseline for transport research in Switzerland. This digital twin is based on the extensible Open Digital Twin Platform (ODTP) that uses containerization, loose coupling, and micro-services to provide dynamically composable digital twins. In its first iteration, “CH on the move” provides an easy-to-use version of the eqasim pipeline for MATSim making it possible to initiate simulations of Switzerland with one click. Future versions of “CH on the move” aim to include a rich set of relevant data sources and analytical pipelines related to transport and mobility and make them easily accessible to research, industry, and governance.
description: ISBN:https://zenodo.org/communities/open-digital-twin-platform
SPOKE 6 Project FORMIBABILÆ - D1.1 Multilayered territorial map
Creators: name: BERTOLINO, NADIA
name: Berizzi, Carlo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Spoke 6 - Primary Agroindustry
subject: Formidabile Project
subject: ECS00000036
subject: Agriculture
subject: Sustainable agriculture
subject: Multilayered territorial maps

description: Multilayered territorial map - Mapping showcasing territorial information of case study companies in the agro-livestock sector.

 

This document is a deliverable of the project FORMIDABILÆ ("Forage system to make resilient Maize, Dairy and Biogas supply chains for a Lasting Agricultural Ecosystem"), which promotes approaches aimed at improving the smart, resilient, circular and diversified farm to ensure food security and social economic sustainability of dairy food chains with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in this sector.

 

This document is part of the project NODES which has received funding from the MUR – Missione 4, Componente 2, Investimento 1.5 – Creazione e rafforzamento di “Ecosistemi dell’innovazione”, costruzione di “leader territoriali di R&S'' – del PNRR funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU with grant agreement no. ECS00000036
Searching for stop LSP at the LHC
Creators: name: Kpatcha, Essodjolo
name: Lara, Iñaki
name: López-Fogliani, Daniel E.
name: Muñoz, Carlos
name: Nagata, Natsumi
name: Otono, Hidetoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze relevant signals expected at the LHC for a stop as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The discussion is carried out in the framework of the $μν$SSM, where the presence of $R$-parity violating couplings involving right-handed neutrinos solves the $μ$-problem and reproduces neutrino data. The stops are pair produced at the LHC, decaying with displaced vertices to a lepton and a bottom quark or a neutrino and a top quark. We compare the predictions of this scenario with ATLAS and CMS searches for long-lived particles. To analyze the parameter space we sample the $μν$SSM for a stop LSP using a likelihood data-driven method, and paying special attention to reproduce the current experimental data on neutrino and Higgs physics, as well as flavor observables. Our results translate into a lower limit on the mass of the left (right) stop LSP of 1068 GeV (1341 GeV), corresponding to a decay length of 1.86 mm (6.61 mm).
description: Version published in EPJC. Discussion expanded, references added. 26 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, 1 appendix. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.03294
Notiziario IODP-Italia - 2008
Creators: name: IODP-ITALIA Commissione IODP-Italia-Commissione Per Il Coordinamento Della Partecipazione Italiana All'International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Volume I Numero IIDicembre 2008Pubblicazione semestrale a cura della Redazione IODP-ItaliaNotiziario IODP-Italia Elisabetta ErbaPaola TartarottiBianca De BernardiUniversità di MilanoPaola VannucchiUniversità di Firenze
Local Landscape of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Opalič, David
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model

description: We look at the behaviour of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Hamiltonian as we move around the hypercube. Changes of the Hamiltonian along the edges of a face of the hypercube are encoded by a random variable called square pattern. We give a complete description of a distribution of square pattern. We calculate the probability of a vertex being a local optimum and determine the typical value of energy at it. We consider possible generalisations to radius 2 local optima.