cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Large-Scale Study on the Usage of Testing Patterns that Address Maintainability Attributes (Patterns for Ease of Modification, Diagnoses, and Comprehension)
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Danielle
name: Santos, Joanna C. S.
name: Popovich, Andrew
name: Mirakhorli, Mehdi
name: Nagappan, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Test case maintainability is an important concern, especially in open source and distributed development environments where projects typically have high contributor turnover with varying backgrounds and experience, and where code ownership changes often. Similar to design patterns, patterns for unit testing promote maintainability quality attributes such as ease of diagnoses, modifiability, and comprehension. In this paper, we report the results of a large-scale study on the usage of four xUnit testing patterns which can be used to satisfy these maintainability attributes. This is a first-of-its-kind study which developed automated techniques to investigate these issues across 82,447 open source projects, and the findings provide more insight into testing practices in open source projects. Our results indicate that only 17% of projects had test cases, and from the 251 testing frameworks we studied, 93 of them were being used. We found 24% of projects with test files implemented patterns that could help with maintainability, while the remaining did not use these patterns. Multiple qualitative analyses indicate that usage of patterns was an ad-hoc decision by individual developers, rather than motivated by the characteristics of the project, and that developers sometimes used alternative techniques to address maintainability concerns.
description: Mining Software Repositories (MSR) 2017 Research Track
Supplementary document for Effect of absorption loss on resonance-enhanced Smith-Purcell radiation from metal-plate arrays - 6058442.pdf
Creators: name: Chen, Zhaofu
name: Mao, Leilei
name: yang, renjun
name: Jin, Mengmeng
name: Bai, Ningfeng
name: Sun, Xiaohan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Formulations for the mode-matching theory
Interconnected Linguistic Architecture
Creators: name: Härtel, Johannes
name: Härtel, Lukas
name: Lämmel, Ralf
name: Varanovich, Andrei
name: Heinz, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The context of the reported research is the documentation of software technologies such as object/relational mappers, web-application frameworks, or code generators. We assume that documentation should model a macroscopic view on usage scenarios of technologies in terms of involved artifacts, leveraged software languages, data flows, conformance relationships, and others. In previous work, we referred to such documentation also as 'linguistic architecture'. The corresponding models may also be referred to as 'megamodels' while adopting this term from the technological space of modeling/model-driven engineering. This work is an inquiry into making such documentation less abstract and more effective by means of connecting (mega)models, systems, and developer experience in several ways. To this end, we adopt an approach that is primarily based on prototyping (i.e., implementa- tion of a megamodeling infrastructure with all conceivable connections) and experimentation with showcases (i.e., documentation of concrete software technologies). The knowledge gained by this research is a notion of interconnected linguistic architecture on the grounds of connecting primary model elements, inferred model elements, static and runtime system artifacts, traceability links, system contexts, knowledge resources, plugged interpretations of model elements, and IDE views. A corresponding suite of aspects of interconnected linguistic architecture is systematically described. As to the grounding of this research, we describe a literature survey which tracks scattered occurrences and thus demonstrates the relevance of the identified aspects of interconnected linguistic architecture. Further, we describe the MegaL/Xtext+IDE infrastructure which realizes interconnected linguistic architecture. The importance of this work lies in providing more formal (ontologically rich, navigable, verifiable) documentation of software technologies helping developers to better understand how to use technologies in new systems (prescriptive mode) or how technologies are used in existing systems (descriptive mode).
description: The Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Article 3
Compton thick absorber in type 1 quasar 3C 345 revealed by Suzaku and Swift/BAT
Creators: name: Eguchi, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The archival data of 3C 345, a type 1 quasar at $z = 0.5928$, obtained with Suzaku and Swift/BAT are analysed. Though previous studies of this source applied only a simple broken power law model, a heavily obscuring material is found to be required by considering Akaike information criteria. The application of the numerical torus model by Murphy & Yaqoob (2009) surprisingly reveals the existence of Compton thick type 2 nucleus with the line-of-sight hydrogen column density of the torus of $N_{\rm H} = 10^{24.5}$ cm$^{-2}$ and the inclination angle of $θ_{\rm inc} = 90^{\circ}$. However, this model fails to account for the Eddington ratio obtained with the optical observations by Gu et al. (2001) and Shen et al. (2011), or requires the existence of a supermassive black hole binary, which was suggested by Lobanov & Roland (2005), thus this model is likely to be inappropriate for 3C 345. A partial covering ionized absorber model which accounts for absorption in "hard excess" type 1 AGNs is also applied, and finds a Compton thick absorber with the column density of $N_{\rm H} \simeq 10^{25}$ cm$^{-2}$, the ionization parameter of $\log ξ\gtrsim 2$, and the covering fraction of $75\% \lesssim f_{c} \lesssim 85\%$. Since this model obtains a black hole mass of $\log ( M_{\rm BH} / M_{\odot} ) = 9.8$, which is consistent with the optical observation by Gu et al. (2001), this model is likely to be the best-fitting model of this source. The results suggest that 3C 345 is the most distant and most obscured hard excess AGN at this time.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Qualitative Study of Democracy and Participation in Britain, 1925-2003: Teaching Data
Creators: name: Haynes, J.
Publisher: name: Devine, F., University of Manchester, Department of Sociology
Year: 2012

description: This is a qualitative teaching data collection.

 Dr Jo Haynes (Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Bristol) has been using numerous data collections to support her teaching of qualitative research methods for several years. A key motivation was her desire to provide students with data, enabling more teaching time to focus on developing skills in data analysis. SN 5017 has been used in this way. This collection represents the subset of interviews specifically selected for teaching purposes.

 The Qualitative Study of Democracy and Participation in Britain, 1925-2003: Teaching Data study is based on Qualitative Study of Democracy and Participation in Britain, 1925-2003 (available under SN 5017). The teaching data collection is a subset of 15 of the interviews included in SN 5017 of a subsample of the Citizens Audit, a postal questionnaire conducted by Professors Seyd and Pattie at the University of Sheffield. The participants had all indicated that they had spent more than 20 hours engaged in activities, in clubs, associations, groups, networks or in supporting other people during the last month. The data collection includes both men and women, resident in cities, towns and villages in England, Wales and Scotland.

 The interviews were selected as a subset of the original data collection to represent a variety of characteristics of the participants, including age, marital status, education and gender. Selection criteria also included data quality and the ability to divide the data collection into subsamples of a manageable size (e.g. by participant characteristics, geography or other features) for student projects.

 Students were then asked to write 4,000 word reports based on their analyses of these subsamples. Dr Haynes believes that the key benefits of re-using data for students are the opportunities to evaluate critically the design, execution and conclusions of the original study and to practice developing their own new rationales for reinterpreting data. Her presentation included in the user guide, entitled The Use of Qualidata Datasets in PG Unit, contains more examples of data used, details on how to use the materials for teaching, and examples of original research questions paired with students' new research questions.

 Further information is available in the study documentation which includes the original data collection user guide and additional notes for teachers.
New reconstruction of the sunspot group number since 1739 using the direct calibration and "backbone" methods
Creators: name: Chatzistergos, Theodosios
name: Usoskin, Ilya G.
name: Kovaltsov, Gennady A.
name: Krivova, Natalie A.
name: Solanki, Sami K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Group sunspot number (GSN) series constitute the longest instrumental astronomical database providing information on solar activity. It is a compilation of observations by many individual observers, and their inter-calibration has usually been performed using linear rescaling. There are multiple published series that show different long-term trends for solar activity. We aim at producing a GSN series, with a non-linear non-parametric calibration. The only underlying assumptions are that the differences between the various series are due to different acuity thresholds of the observers, and that the threshold of each observer remains constant throughout the observing period. We use a daisy chain process with backbone (BB) observers and calibrate all overlapping observers to them. The calibration of each individual observer is performed with a probability distribution function (PDF) matrix, constructed considering all daily values for the overlapping period with the BB. The calibration of the BBs is done in a similar manner. Propagation of errors is modelled with Monte Carlo simulations. The final series extends back to 1739 and includes data from 314 observers. It suggests moderate activity during the 18th and 19th century, which is significantly lower than the high level of solar activity predicted by other recent reconstructions applying linear regressions. The new series provides a robust reconstruction, based on modern and non-parametric methods, of sunspot group numbers since 1739, and it confirms the existence of the Modern grand maximum of solar activity in the second half of the 20th century.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepted
Relationship Maintenance in Software Language Repositories
Creators: name: Lämmel, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The context of this research is testing and building software systems and, specifically, software language repositories (SLRs), i.e., repositories with components for language processing (interpreters, translators, analyzers, transformers, pretty printers, etc.). SLRs are typically set up for developing and using metaprogramming systems, language workbenches, language definition frameworks, executable semantic frameworks, and modeling frameworks. This work is an inquiry into testing and building SLRs in a manner that the repository is seen as a collection of language-typed artifacts being related by the applications of language-typed functions or relations which serve language processing. The notion of language is used in a broad sense to include text-, tree-, graph-based languages as well as representations based on interchange formats and also proprietary formats for serialization. The overall approach underlying this research is one of language design driven by a complex case study, i.e., a specific SLR with a significant number of processed languages and language processors as well as a noteworthy heterogeneity in terms of representation types and implementation languages. The knowledge gained by our research is best understood as a declarative language design for regression testing and build management, we introduce a corresponding language Ueber with an executable semantics which maintains relationships between language-typed artifacts in an SLR. The grounding of the reported research is based on the comprehensive, formal, executable (logic programming-based) definition of the Ueber language and its systematic application to the management of the SLR YAS which consists of hundreds of language definition and processing components (such as interpreters and transformations) for more than thirty languages (not counting different representation types) with Prolog, Haskell, Java, and Python being used as implementation languages. The importance of this work follows from the significant costs implied by regression testing and build management and also from the complexity of SLRs which calls for means to help with understanding.
description: The Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Article 4
Ballistic-diffusive Phonon Heat Transport across Grain Boundaries
Creators: name: Chen, Xiang
name: Li, Weixuan
name: Xiong, Liming
name: Li, Yang
name: Yang, Shengfeng
name: Zheng, Zexi
name: McDowell, David L.
name: Chen, Youping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation of a heat pulse in a single crystal and across grain boundaries (GBs) is simulated using a concurrent atomistic-continuum method furnished with a coherent phonon pulse model. With a heat pulse constructed based on a Bose-Einstein distribution of phonons, this work has reproduced the phenomenon of phonon focusing in single and polycrystalline materials. Simulation results provide visual evidence that the propagation of a heat pulse in crystalline solids with or without GBs is partially ballistic and partially diffusive, i.e., there is a co-existence of ballistic and diffusive thermal transport, with the long-wavelength phonons traveling ballistically while the short-wavelength phonons scatter with each other and travel diffusively. To gain a quantitative understanding of GB thermal resistance, the kinetic energy transmitted across GBs is monitored on the fly and the time-dependent energy transmission for each specimen is measured; the contributions of coherent and incoherent phonon transport to the energy transmission are estimated. Simulation results reveal that the presence of GBs modifies the nature of thermal transport, with the coherent long-wavelength phonons dominating the heat conduction in materials with GBs. In addition, it is found the phonon-GB interaction can result in the reconstruction of the GBs.
An upper limit on the mass of the circumplanetary disk for DH Tau b
Creators: name: Wolff, Schuyler G.
name: Menard, Francois
name: Caceres, Claudio
name: Lefevre, Charlene
name: Bonnefoy, Mickael
name: Canovas, Hector
name: Maret, Sebastien
name: Pinte, Christophe
name: Schreiber, Matthias R.
name: van der Plas, Gerrit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DH Tau is a young ($\sim$1 Myr) classical T Tauri star. It is one of the few young PMS stars known to be associated with a planetary mass companion, DH Tau b, orbiting at large separation and detected by direct imaging. DH Tau b is thought to be accreting based on copious H$α$ emission and exhibits variable Paschen Beta emission. NOEMA observations at 230 GHz allow us to place constraints on the disk dust mass for both DH Tau b and the primary in a regime where the disks will appear optically thin. We estimate a disk dust mass for the primary, DH Tau A of $17.2\pm1.7\,M_{\oplus}$, which gives a disk-to-star mass ratio of 0.014 (assuming the usual Gas-to-Dust mass ratio of 100 in the disk). We find a conservative disk dust mass upper limit of 0.42$M_{\oplus}$ for DH Tau b, assuming that the disk temperature is dominated by irradiation from DH Tau b itself. Given the environment of the circumplanetary disk, variable illumination from the primary or the equilibrium temperature of the surrounding cloud would lead to even lower disk mass estimates. A MCFOST radiative transfer model including heating of the circumplanetary disk by DH Tau b and DH Tau A suggests that a mass averaged disk temperature of 22 K is more realistic, resulting in a dust disk mass upper limit of 0.09$M_{\oplus}$ for DH Tau b. We place DH Tau b in context with similar objects and discuss the consequences for planet formation models.
description: accepted for publication in AJ
Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) for CLARIAH IG FAIR Vocabularies
Creators: name: Tykhonov, Vyacheslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: did
decentralised web
decentralized web
dataverse
linked data

description: Presentation on Decentralized Identifiers for the CLARIAH (Common Lab Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities), a distributed research infrastructure for the humanities and social sciences.
Higher Order Oscillation and Uniform Distribution
Creators: name: Akiyama, Shigeki
name: Jiang, Yunping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11K65, 37A35 (Primary), 37A25, 11N05 (Secondary)

description: It is known that the Möbius function in number theory is higher order oscillating. In this paper we show that there is another kind of higher order oscillating sequences in the form $(e^{2πi αβ^{n}g(β)})_{n\in \N}$, for a non-decreasing twice differentiable function $g$ with a mild condition. This follows the result we prove in this paper that for a fixed non-zero real number $α$ and almost all real numbers $β>1$ (alternatively, for a fixed real number $β>1$ and almost all real numbers $α$) and for all real polynomials $Q(x)$, sequences $\big(αβ^{n}g(β)+Q(n)\big)_{n\in \N}$ are uniformly distributed modulo $1$.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1612.04306
Meaning of Wellness and Resilience for Older People with Osteoarthritis, 2008-2009
Creators: name: Richardson, J.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This is a qualitative data collection. This project aimed to explore the meaning of wellness and resilience for older people with osteoarthritis (OA) through a year-long qualitative study. This included looking at the relationship between resilience and use of health services; and at transitions in health experiences. A further aim was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a longitudinal participant controlled method.

 Interviews were carried out with 27 older people who reported a joint problem but rated themselves as healthy on a previous questionnaire. Diary sheets, asking about changes in health and circumstances, were sent to participants for 11 consecutive months after the first interviews. They could then choose each month whether and how to have further contact with the researchers. Of the 27 people who started in the study, five withdrew after the baseline interview and one half-way through the project when her husband became seriously ill. Most remaining participants returned all their diary sheets. Responses included brief notes, longer letters, email exchanges, two photos and a drawing. Other contact requested ranged from none through to four interviews, with most requesting a combination of phone calls and face-to-face contact. The participant-controlled method proved feasible and acceptable for participants and researchers.

 A key element of wellness was being able to keep up everyday roles and activities. This required a level of physical functioning which joint pain and stiffness from (OA) could deleteriously affect. However, respondents had many ways of minimising the impact of OA symptoms, which included working through pain. If though, symptoms did not fit with their model of ’wear and tear’ arthritis- used to categorise arthritis viewed as a normal part of old age, then they were likely to consult. Resilience was tied into wellness. Having a sense of self as someone who would be able to keep going was vital and several factors appeared to influence this, including upbringing, previous experience of adversity, social relationships and feeling known and understood by health care practitioners.
Communities within Communities: a Longitudinal Approach to Minority/Majority Relationships and Social Cohesion, 2008-2009
Creators: name: Tyler, K.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2013

description: This research addresses social cohesion at the community level, and how this has evolved over a forty year period in a multicultural setting in a place in Surrey.

 It aims to bridge the potential tensions between the community approach pursued by national and local government agencies and the lived complexities of multicultural areas of Britain.

 The research focuses on a location that includes established white Italian-Sicilian and Asian Pakistani minorities and the majority white population. White Italian settlers are particularly interesting in this context since they are invisible in the 'race' and ethnicity literature in Britain as a minority group. An examination of how belonging is experienced for white and Asian minorities will provide insights into the ways in which these established minorities are positioned in relation to the white majority.

 Particular emphasis will be given to how residents across ethnic locations narrate their attachment to the area they live. This also involves an analysis of how residents perceive and interact with newly arrived migrants. The research will be based on recorded family histories for each of the three ethnicities.
Sexuality, Citizenship and Migration: the Irish Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Diaspora in London, 2008
Sexuality, Citizenship and Migration: The Irish LGBT Diaspora in London
Creators: name: Ryan-Flood, R.
name: Jung, F.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2013

description: This research project examined the experiences of Irish lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) people living in London. There is a long history of Irish migration to the UK, particularly London. This has coincided historically with many Irish LGBT people feeling compelled to emigrate in search of a more supportive social climate. The appeal of global cities to LGBT people has long been acknowledged. Metropolitan centres are associated with tolerance of sexual diversity and established queer communities. This study will explore Irish queer migrants' reasons for moving to London and experiences there. The research questions will focus on notions of home, identity, belonging, familial relationships and subjectivity. By exploring the relationship between sexuality, ethnicity and diaspora, the study intended to uncover the ways in which contemporary sexual citizenship, migration and queer imaginaries of the metropolis are mutually implicated in complex ways. A qualitative dataset is produced containing interviews with 38 Irish LGBT participants who have been living in London for at least five years. In addition to generating new theoretical work on sexuality and migration, the research findings will be used to inform policy and debate regarding processes of social exclusion.
Extreme control of impulse transmission by cylinder-based nonlinear phononic crystals
Creators: name: Chaunsali, Rajesh
name: Toles, Matthew
name: Yang, Jinkyu
name: Kim, Eunho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel device that can offer two extremes of elastic wave propagation --- nearly complete transmission and strong attenuation under impulse excitation. The mechanism of this highly tunable device relies on intermixing effects of dispersion and nonlinearity. The device consists of identical cylinders arranged in a chain, which interact with each other as per nonlinear Hertz's contact law. For a `dimer' configuration, i.e., two different contact angles alternating in the chain, we analytically, numerically, and experimentally show that impulse excitation can either propagate as a localized wave, or it can travel as a highly dispersive wave. Remarkably, these extremes can be achieved in this periodic arrangement simply by \textit{in-situ} control of contact angles between cylinders. We close the discussion by highlighting the key characteristics of the mechanisms that facilitate strong attenuation of incident impulse. These include low frequency to high frequency (LF-HF) scattering, and turbulence-like cascading in a periodic system. We thus envision that these adaptive, cylinder-based nonlinear phononic crystals, in conjunction with conventional impact mitigation mechanisms, could be used to design highly tunable and efficient impact manipulation devices.
First- and second-order wave generation theory
Creators: name: Karjanto, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76B15, 74J15, 74J30, 34B05, 34B15, 34K10, 35G30

description: The first-order and the second-order wave generation theory is studied in this paper. The theory is based on the fully nonlinear water wave equations. The nonlinear boundary value problem (BVP) is solved using a series expansion method. Using this method, the problem becomes a set of linear, signalling problems according to the expansion order. The first-order theory leads to a homogeneous BVP. It is a system with the first-order steering of the wavemaker motion as input and the surface wave field with propagating and evanescent modes as output. The second-order theory leads to a nonhomogeneous BVP. It is a system where the second-order steering of the wavemaker motion is prescribed in such a way that the second-order part of the surface elevation far from the wavemaker contains only the bound wave component and the free wave component vanishes. The second-order surface wave elevation consists of a superposition of bichromatic frequencies.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
New type of chimera structures in a ring of bistable FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators with nonlocal interaction
Creators: name: Shepelev, Igor A.
name: Vadivasova, Tatiana E.
name: Strelkova, Galina. I.
name: Anishchenko, Vadim S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of a ring of nonlocally coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators in the bistable regime. A new type of chimera patterns has been found in the noise-free network and when isolated elements do not oscillate. The region of existence of these structures has been explored when the coupling range and the coupling strength between the network elements are varied.
description: 5 figures
British Chinese Online Identities: Participation and Inclusion, 2006-2008
Creators: name: Parker, D.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2012

description: This is a qualitative data collection. The research used online survey and face-to-face interviews of British Chinese respondents.

 A survey by the Guardian in early 2005 revealed the low level of integration among Chinese people, who reportedly felt the least British among all minority groups in Britain. The issue is usually overlooked in relation to a group which appears to be well integrated and successful in higher education. In addressing the cultural and political marginality of the British Chinese, this study explores the emergence of British Chinese web sites and their potential to enhance the social inclusion and political participation of British Chinese people.

 The project sought to explore these new forms of participation such as discussion forums and online petitions. The ability of online communication to connect a dispersed population is particularly significant for the British Chinese, as unlike many other minority ethnic populations, they are highly scattered throughout Britain, with no local authority area having more than 2% of its residents as Chinese. This research addressed two key questions: How are ethnic identities shaped by the communicative practices and social networks developed in these internet forums? Does contributing to these British Chinese sites enable new forms of participation and offer evidence of an emergent ‘second-generation’ civil society?

 The key findings of the study suggest that 1) For many British Chinese users, access to the social networks (online and offline) and information resources on these sites provided a key means of meeting other British Born Chinese people (BBC). 2) These British Chinese internet sites facilitated reflection on experiences of racism, minority status, and belonging, and provided an empathetic arena to reflect on the issues raised by living in a multicultural context. 3) The varied exchanges on these web sites reveal how users are grappling with the disjuncture between the simplistic ideal of ‘integration’ and the complex reality behind the seemingly unproblematic lives of well ‘integrated’ minority Britons. 4) Participation on these internet sites is creating the infrastructure to constitute an emergent British Chinese civil society, and is drawing a hitherto underrepresented group into the public domain. Various political initiatives have been mobilized via these web sites, both online and offline. 5) The content and communications stimulated by these British Chinese internet sites have not overcome a lack of understanding of, and engagement with, the formal political process among the British Chinese.

 Further information about the project may be found on the British Chinese On-line Identities: Participation and Inclusion ESRC award web page.
Fatherhood across Generations in Polish, Irish and White British Families, 1920-2010
Fathers across Three Family Generations in Polish, Irish and UK Origin White Families
Creators: name: Wigfall, V.
name: Brannen, J.
name: Mooney, A.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2013

description: This is a qualitative data collection. Patterns of migration and changing gender relations are reshaping fatherhood across family and historical generations. This is a study of two under researched groups who migrated in different historical periods - first generation Polish families and second generation Irish families. It also includes white British families. This comparative study focuses on fatherhood in 30 chains of biologically related men: grandfathers who form the oldest generation, fathers who form the middle generation, and sons aged 5 to 18 who form the youngest generation.

 The data collection addresses a number of key research questions:
how do men from different generations and 'ethnic' groups understand fatherhood and 'do' fathering?

how is fatherhood changing?

what are the influences of migration on fatherhood?

how is fatherhood transmitted, what is transmitted intergenerationally, and through which processes?
The data collection thereby contributes to theoretical debates about fatherhood and family processes, and to policy concerns about migration and, in the context of increased longevity, intergenerational transfers and relations. The study adopts a biographical approach in order to understand family history and the transmission of family memory and to take account of space, historical time, life course time and current time.

 Further information about the project and links to publications are available on the ESRC Fathers across three family generations in Polish, Irish and UK origin white families award webpage and Institute of Education Fathers across three family generations project webpage.

 This data collection is under embargo until October 2014, at the request of the depositor.
GerManC: A historical corpus of German texts, 1650-1800
Creators: name: Durrell, M.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2012

description: The aim of the project was to compile a representative computerized corpus of German for the period 1650-1800. This is the first such corpus of early modern German and it is intended as a primary research resource in a number of disciplines. Its structure deliberately parallels that of extant historical corpora of English in order to facilitate systematic comparative studies. The regional dimension which was an essential feature of the projects also provides information about the link between language and changes in the relative cultural and political areas within Germany.
ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy: V. Temperature structure and evolution
Creators: name: Giannetti, A.
name: Leurini, S.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Urquhart, J.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: König, C.
name: Güsten, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Aims: We aim to use the progressive heating of the gas caused by the feedback of high-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) to prove the statistical validity of the most common schemes used to define an evolutionary sequence for high-mass clumps, and characterise the sensitivity of different tracers to this process. Methods: From the spectroscopic follow-ups of the ATLASGAL TOP100 sample, we selected several multiplets of CH3CN, CH3CCH, and CH3OH emission lines to derive and compare the physical properties of the gas in the clumps along the evolutionary sequence. Our findings are compared with results obtained from CO isotopologues, dust, and NH3 from previous studies on the same sample. Results: The chemical properties of each species have a major role on the measured physical properties. Low temperatures are traced by NH3, CH3OH, and CO (in the early phases), the warm and dense envelope can be probed with CH3CN, CH3CCH, and, in evolved sources via CO isotopologues. CH3OH and CH3CN are also abundant in the hot cores, and their high-excitation transitions may be good tools to study the kinematics in the hot gas surrounding the YSOs that these clumps are hosting. All tracers show, to different degrees, progressive warming with evolution. The relation between gas temperature and L/M is reproduced by a toy model of a spherical, internally heated clump. Conclusions: The evolutionary sequence defined for the clumps is statistically valid and we could identify the processes dominating in different intervals of L/M. For L/M<2Lsun/Msun a large quantity of gas is still being accumulated and compressed at the bottom of the potential well. Between 2Lsun/Msun40Lsun/Msun HII regions become common, showing that dissipation of the parental clump dominates.
Examining the Variation in Household Recycling Rates across the United Kingdom, 2002-2008
Creators: name: Abbott, A. J.
Publisher: name: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Year: 2012

description: The principal aim of the project was to investigate the socio-economic factors that determine recycling rates across local authorities in the UK and why recycling rates vary. To achieve this, the project objectives were to:
(i) provide a theoretical framework for economic determinants of the proportion of waste recycled as an aggregate quantity and differentiated by material type;

(ii) construct a panel dataset covering all local authorities;

(iii) establish the statistical significance of all the variables expected to have explanatory power through panel data econometric analysis;

(iv) carry out sensitivity tests to validate the model;

(v) draw implications for recycling policy both at local and national level.
The data deposited at the UK Data Archive comprise the panel dataset described above. Source data used to construct the dataset were taken from the WasteDataFlow website, a web-based system for municipal waste data reporting by UK local authorities to government, where they are used by the Department for Environmental and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and other departments to produce statistics. Office for National Statistics data on regional socio-economic characteristics were also used.

 Further information about the project may be found on the ESRC's Examining the variation in household recycling rates across the UK award webpage.
title: Bailing Out of Bonds: The Effect of Victim/Offender Relationships and Other Factors in the Setting of Bail
Creators: name: Vandecar, Tancy
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1997

description: The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors impact bail decisions made by magistrates and judges. Much of the research on this topic was done in the early 1960s and 1970s when efforts such as the Manhattan Bail Project were in full force and the decisions of magistrates had not been investigated. There has been little research which looks specifically at the effect of victim-offender relationship on the bail decision. The present research utilizes bail decisions made by judges in the General District Court of Virginia Beach, Virginia as well as Virginia Beach magistrates. The effects of offense and defendant characteristics, such as charge seriousness, prior record, use of a weapon, mental history, employment status, and victim/offender relationship on bail amounts and the "in/out" decision are measured. Analyses reveal that much of the variance in bail decisions is unexplained despite the inclusion of several legal and extra-legal variables. Use of a weapon, arrest for a violent offense and the number of charges do have significant effects on the amount of bond and whether the defendant is detained.
Kramers problem for a dimer: effect of noise correlations
Creators: name: Singh, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kramers problem for a dimer in a bistable piecewise linear potential is studied in the presence of correlated noise processes. The distribution of first passage times from one minima to the basin of attraction of the other minima is found to have exponentially decaying tails with the parameter dependent on the amount of correlation and the coupling between the particles. Strong coupling limit of the problem is analyzed using adiabatic elimination, where it is found that the initial probability density relaxes towards stationary value on the same time scale as the mean escape time. The implications towards polymer dynamics in a potential are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Synergetic effect of hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvents (DES) pretreatments on Robinia wood fractionation for the manufacture of bioethanol and cellulose nanocrystals
Creators: name: Pérez-Pérez, Alba
name: Del-Río, Pablo
name: Lobato-Rodríguez, Álvaro
name: Garrote, Gil
name: Gullón, Beatriz
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: This study dealt with the use of environmentally friendly processes based on microwave-assisted autohydrolysis (MAA) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) for the selective fractionation of Robinia pseudoacacia wood (RW) within a biorefinery approach. MAA enabled the recovery of 76% of hemicelluloses in the form of oligomers. Afterwards, different conditions were assessed for the optimal delignification of RW with the DES choline chloride combined with lactic acid reaching delignification ratios up to 86%. Two different methods were accomplished to valorize the cellulosic-rich solid fraction after delignification: (i) bioethanol via enzymatic-fermentative pathway (attaining 53.3 g ethanol/L, about 83% of ethanol yield), and (ii) cellulose nanocrystals (length of 27–550 nm, width of 2–12 nm). Hence, this study presents a novel multiproduct biorefinery to selectively separate the main components of RW and valorize its cellulosic fraction using eco-friendly procedures.
Galactic Sources Detected in the NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey
Creators: name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Lansbury, George B.
name: Rahoui, Farid
name: Clavel, Maica
name: Fornasini, Francesca M.
name: Hong, JaeSub
name: Aird, James
name: Alexander, David M.
name: Bodaghee, Arash
name: Chiu, Jeng-Lun
name: Grindlay, Jonathan E.
name: Hailey, Charles J.
name: Harrison, Fiona A.
name: Krivonos, Roman A.
name: Mori, Kaya
name: Stern, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) provides an improvement in sensitivity at energies above 10 keV by two orders of magnitude over non-focusing satellites, making it possible to probe deeper into the Galaxy and Universe. Lansbury and collaborators recently completed a catalog of 497 sources serendipitously detected in the 3-24 keV band using 13 deg2 of NuSTAR coverage. Here, we report on an optical and X-ray study of 16 Galactic sources in the catalog. We identify eight of them as stars (but some or all could have binary companions), and use information from Gaia to report distances and X-ray luminosities for three of them. There are four CVs or CV candidates, and we argue that NuSTAR J233426-2343.9 is a relatively strong CV candidate based partly on an X-ray spectrum from XMM-Newton. NuSTAR J092418-3142.2, which is the brightest serendipitous source in the Lansbury catalog, and NuSTAR J073959-3147.8 are LMXB candidates, but it is also possible that these two sources are CVs. One of the sources is a known HMXB, and NuSTAR J105008-5958.8 is a new HMXB candidate, which has strong Balmer emission lines in its optical spectrum and a hard X-ray spectrum. We discuss the implications of finding these HMXBs for the surface density (logN-logS) and luminosity function of Galactic HMXBs. We conclude that, with the large fraction of unclassified sources in the Galactic plane detected by NuSTAR in the 8-24 keV band, there could be a significant population of low luminosity HMXBs.
description: 16 pages, accepted by ApJ
Anti-Terrorism, Citizenship and Security in the United Kingdom, 2010
Creators: name: Lister, M.
name: Jarvis, L.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2019

description: This is a qualitative data collection.

 The experience of terrorist attacks since 9/11 has led to an increased interest in governmental responses to unconventional political violence. To date however, very little research has been conducted on how ordinary people think about such measures, and particularly the ways in which specific anti-terrorist measures impact on people's perceptions and experiences of safety and security.

 The project aimed to address this lacuna by conducting focus groups with communities across the United Kingdom, organised around two key segments for analysis: ethnicity and geographical location. In doing so, the aim was to shed light on three important questions: 1. to what extent do significant differences exist in attitudes to anti-terrorism measures based on an individual's geography or ethnicity? 2. What implications do these attitudes - and differences therein - pose for citizenship within the UK? 3. How specifically do 'ordinary' people understand the term 'security' in this particular context, and, indeed, also beyond?

 Initial findings suggested that whilst differences between ethnic groups in terms of attitudes to anti-terrorism policies (support for them, or otherwise) are slight, that there are more pronounced differences in terms of how such measures have impacted upon individual citizens and communities. Such differences suggest that anti-terrorism measures have differential impacts on different communities and may contribute to a fragmentation of citizenship in the UK.
Supplementary Materials from Demographic turnover can be a leading driver of hierarchy dynamics, and social inheritance modifies its effects
Creators: name: Strauss, Eli D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Individuals and societies are linked through a feedback loop of mutual influence. Demographic turnover shapes group composition and structure by adding and removing individuals, and social inheritance shapes social structure through the transmission of social traits from parents to offspring. Here I examine how these drivers of social structure feedback to influence individual outcomes. I explore these society-to-individual effects in systems with social inheritance of hierarchy position, as occur in many primates and spotted hyenas. Applying Markov chain models to empirical and simulated data reveals how demography and social inheritance interact to strongly shape individual hierarchy positions. In hyena societies, demographic processes—not status seeking—account for the majority of hierarchy dynamics and cause an on-average lifetime decline in social hierarchy position. Simulated societies clarify how social inheritance alters demographic effects—demographic processes cause hierarchy position to regress to the mean, but the addition of social inheritance modifies this pattern. Notably, the combination of social inheritance and rank-related reproductive success causes individuals to decline in rank over their lifespans, as seen in the hyena data. Further analyses explore how ‘queens’ escape this pattern of decline, and how variation in social inheritance generates variability in reproductive inequality.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of inequality’.
From the Coalface to the Car Park? The Intersection of Class and Gender in Women's Lives in the North East, 2007-2009
Creators: name: Taylor, Y.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2012

description: This is a qualitative data collection.

 The research adopted a multi-dimensional approach to explore women's lives (n=97) in the North East of England in the context of de-industrialisation and the transition to a service sector, leisure based economy. It investigated the emergence of 'new' femininities in a situation of industrial 'degeneration' and regeneration, investigating what has hitherto been under-researched when compared with attention that has focused on boys' and men's experiences of these social processes. In interviewing women across the age range (16-85 years) the main concern was whether gender and class inequalities are eroded and/or recreated and to what extent change incorporates actual, material, shifts or 'imagined' subjective movements, away from 'old', 'traditional' identities towards new, 'mobile' (dis)positions. Both gender and class are highlighted as relevant in the reclamation and contestation of social space (workplace, home space, leisure space), in the transformations from and continuations between the 'past', 'present' and imagined 'future'. This research drew on a wide range of literature and frameworks; sociological work on social transformation and division; feminist frameworks regarding gender inequality and identity; youth studies approaches on transition and 'social exclusion', as well as methodological literature regarding the practice of a 'public sociology'.

 The research was based on 97 in-depth interviews (55 individual interviews and 8 focus groups) with white women from middle-class and working-class backgrounds. Of these, 21 individual and three focus group interviews are held within the UK Data Archive collection.

 Further information may be found on the ESRC From the coal face to the car park? The intersection of class and gender in women's lives in the North East award webpage.