cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Luminosity-Dependent Quasar Lifetimes: A New Interpretation of the Quasar Luminosity Function
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Cox, Thomas J.
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Robertson, Brant
name: Springel, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new interpretation of the quasar luminosity function (LF), derived from physically motivated models of quasar lifetimes and light curves. In our picture, quasars evolve rapidly and their lifetime depends on both their instantaneous and peak luminosities. We study this model using simulations of galaxy mergers that successfully reproduce a wide range of observed quasar phenomena. With lifetimes inferred from the simulations, we deconvolve the observed quasar LF from the distribution of peak luminosities, and show that they differ qualitatively, unlike for the simple models of quasar lifetimes used previously. We find that the bright end of the LF traces the intrinsic peak quasar activity, but that the faint end consists of quasars which are either undergoing exponential growth to much larger masses and higher luminosities, or are in sub-Eddington quiescent states going into or coming out of a period of peak activity. The 'break' in the LF corresponds directly to the maximum in the intrinsic distribution of peak luminosities, which falls off at both brighter and fainter luminosities. Our interpretation of the quasar LF provides a physical basis for the nature and slope of the faint-end distribution, as well as the location of the break luminosity.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ (September 2005). Replacement with minor revisions from referee
Ovid and the classical plague narrative tradition
Creators: name: Entwisle, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This paper examines the tradition in classical literature of writing about plagues, with particular emphasis on this tradition as it is handled by the Roman poet Ovid. Narratives in Greek and Latin which describe the attack of plague on a community, along with its physical, psychological and social effects, are traced from their origin in Homer's Iliad through Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus, Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War, Lucretius' On the Nature of the Universe and Vergil's Georgics to the plague at Aegina in Book Seven of Ovid's Metamorphoses. It is demonstrated that by the time Ovid writes the Metamorphoses, the early first century AD, a recognisable convention has developed, incorporating certain elements common to all the preceding plague narratives, along with some that are common to several The conventional elements are shown to be of two types. On the one hand, there are conventional details, including plague as punishment and the collapse of social and religious custom arising from the plague's devastation. On the other hand, there are conventional uses of the plague narrative as a literary device. These include the use of a plague narrative to mark a major change of era, to establish certain key themes in the work as a whole, to establish important character relations, and to create a certain tone or mood. Once the plague narratives of his predecessors are examined, both individually and as part of this literary tradition, Ovid's Aeginetan plague is evaluated in terms of its detail and its place in the Metamorphoses. It is established that unlike the plague narratives of his predecessors, Ovid's has no significance to the work as a whole; it is inserted therein for its own sake as a convention. The details of Ovid's plague are then examined, and it is shown that Ovid's plague is thoroughly informed in content, vocabulary, syntax and style by each of the preceding plague narratives, and especially by those of his Latin predecessors in the tradition, Lucretius and Vergil. Rather than simply reproducing these elements of earlier plague narratives, however, Ovid generally exaggerates their essential features and embellishes them to the point of absurdity and grotesqueness. This is shown by several examples. It is argued that the resulting plague narrative therefore lacks the pathos and gravity of its ancestors. Its effect, rather, is amusing, witty, technically ostentatious, and parodic. It is concluded that in Ovid the plague narrative passes from convention to cliche.
Additional file 2 of Preservation of swallowing in resected oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: examining radiation volume effects (PRESERVE): study protocol for a randomized phase II trial
Creators: name: Lang, Pencilla
name: Contreras, Jessika
name: Kalman, Noah
name: Paterson, Claire
name: Bahig, Houda
name: Billfalk-Kelly, Astrid
name: Sinead Brennan
name: Rock, Kathy
name: Read, Nancy
name: Varagur Venkatesan
name: Jinka Sathya
name: Mendez, Lucas C.
name: S. Danielle MacNeil
name: Nichols, Anthony C.
name: Fung, Kevin
name: Mendez, Adrian
name: Winquist, Eric
name: Kuruvilla, Sara
name: Stewart, Paul
name: Warner, Andrew
name: Mitchell, Sylvia
name: Theurer, Julie A.
name: Palma, David A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Follow-up evaluation schedule.
Contractual Externalities and Contract Design -Evidence from Farmland Lease Contracts in U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Fukunaga, Keita
name: Hueth, Brent
name: Fukunaga, Keita
name: Hueth, Brent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: In modern U.S. agriculture, a tenant typically contracts with more than one landlord, although most of the past literature has focused exclusively on bilateral contracts with a single tenant and a single landlord. We argue that, in the presence of contractual externalities under which the landlords do not cooperatively act, multilateral contracting results in higher-powered contracts for the tenant, due to inefficient competition among the landlords, and that this incentive effect becomes a motivation for the use of cash rental contacts. Using the USDA's AELOS data set, we show that the number of landlords per tenant indeed increases the likelihood of cash rent and changes the qualitative properties of the contract choice equation. These outcomes provide empirical evidence supporting the incentive hypothesis.
Urban Sprawl and Air Quality in European Cities: an Empirical Assessment
Creators: name: Cappelli, Federica
name: Guastella, Gianni
name: Pareglio, Stefano
name: Cappelli, Federica
name: Guastella, Gianni
name: Pareglio, Stefano
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Air Pollution
subject: Urban Sprawl
subject: European Cities
subject: Additive Models

description: In this paper we estimate the relationship between urban sprawl and a measure of air quality, namely the number of days in which the PM10 concentration exceeds safeguard limits in European Union cities. Building on a multidimensional representation of sprawl, the paper employs several indicators to account for built-up area development, population density, and residential discontinuity. The paper employs generalised additive models to disentangle the non-linear effects in the variables and the interaction effects of the three sprawl dimensions. A significant and robust effect of urban morphology emerges after controlling for socio-economic, demographic, and climatic factors and the geographical location of the city. We find that urban sprawl impacts positively on pollutant concentration, but the effect is highly context-specific because of threshold effects and interactions.
Producers' Yield and Yield Risk: Perceptions versus Reality and Crop Insurance Use
Creators: name: Egelkraut, Thorsten M.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
name: Egelkraut, Thorsten M.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Using survey data from 258 Illinois corn farmers, we investigate the relationship between subjective and objective yield measures and their effect on the use of crop insurance. Our findings show that producers view themselves as better than average with respect to yields and in terms of their variability, and that over- and underconfidence also influence their use of crop insurance. The effects are not symmetric, overconfidence is primarily reflected in the larger-than-average yield, while underconfidence emerges mainly in the larger-than-average variability. Crop insurance use is further affected by risk preferences and county yield variability.
A Chromosome-Scale Haplotype Assembly Of Equus Asinu Genome
Creators: name: Xinyao Miao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60803 Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A Chromosome-Scale Haplotype Assembly Of Equus Asinu Genome 
How Special Are Dark Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Diagnostic Tool
Creators: name: Rol, E.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Kaper, L.
name: Kaneko, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a comprehensive study of the optical/near-infrared (IR) upper limits for gamma-ray bursts that have an X-ray afterglow. We have extrapolated the X-ray afterglows to optical wavelengths based on the physics of the fireball blast wave model (e.g. Rees & Meszaors 1992; Meszaros & Rees 1997), and compared these results with optical upper limits for a large sample of bursts. We find a small set of only three bursts out of a sample of 20 for which the upper limits are not compatible with their X-ray afterglow properties within the context of any blast wave model. This sparse sample does not allow us to conclusively determine the cause of this optical/near-IR deficit. Extinction in the host galaxy is a likely cause, but high redshifts and different afterglow mechanisms might also explain the deficit in some cases. We note that the three bursts appear to have higher than average gamma-ray peak fluxes. In a magnitude versus time diagram the bursts are separated from the majority of bursts with a detected optical/near-IR afterglow. However, two GRBs with an optical afterglow (one of which is highly reddened) also fall in this region with dark bursts, making it likely that dark bursts are at the faint end of the set of optically detected bursts, and therefore the dark bursts likely form a continuum with the bursts with a detected optical afterglow. Our work provides a useful diagnostic tool for follow-up observations for potentially dark bursts; applied to the events detected with the Swift satellite, it will significantly increase our sample of truly dark bursts and shed light upon their nature.
description: 19 pages; accepted to ApJ
Additional file 1 of Dietary habits and metabolic response improve in obese children whose mothers received an intervention to promote healthy eating: randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: López-Contreras, Iris Nallely
name: Vilchis-Gil, Jenny
name: Klünder-Klünder, Miguel
name: Villalpando-Carrión, Salvador
name: Flores-Huerta, Samuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when reporting a randomised trial
127. Gould's Belt and the Radcliffe Wave
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The structure and origin of the grouping of bright stars known as the Gould Belt has been studied for more than a century. Distances from Gaia  rule out it being a physical ring-like structure. But the 3D arrangement of nearby molecular clouds has instead revealed a more complex and more mysterious Galactic-scale distribution of dense gas, the Radcliffe Wave.
GAPDH mediates plant reovirus-induced incomplete autophagy for persistent viral infection in leafhopper vector
Creators: name: Chen, Qian
name: Zhang, Yuele
name: Yang, Hengsong
name: Wang, Xin
name: Ren, Jiping
name: Jia, Dongsheng
name: Chen, Hongyan
name: Wei, Taiyun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved mechanism launched by host organisms to fight against virus infection. Double-membraned autophagosomes in arthropod vectors can be remodeled by arboviruses to accommodate virions and facilitate persistent viral propagation, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), a plant nonenveloped double-stranded RNA virus, induces the formation of virus-containing double-membraned autophagosomes to benefit persistent viral propagation in leafhopper vectors. In this study, it was found that the capsid protein P2 of RGDV alone induced autophagy. P2 specifically interacted with GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and ATG4B both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the GAPDH-ATG4B complex could be recruited to virus-induced autophagosomes. Silencing of GAPDH or ATG4B expression suppressed ATG8 lipidation, autophagosome formation, and efficient viral propagation. Thus, P2 could directly recruit the GAPDH-ATG4B complex to induce the formation of initial autophagosomes. Furthermore, such autophagosomes were modified to evade fusion with lysosomes for degradation, and thus could be persistently exploited by viruses to facilitate efficient propagation. GAPDH bound to ATG14 and inhibited the interaction of ATG14 with SNAP29, thereby preventing ATG14-SNARE proteins from mediating autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Taken together, these results highlight how RGDV activates GAPDH to initiate autophagosome formation and block autophagosome degradation, finally facilitating persistent viral propagation in insect vectors. The findings reveal a positive regulation of immune response in insect vectors during viral infection.
Voluntary Funding for Generic Advertising Using a Provision Point Mechanism: An Experimental Analysis of Option Assurance
Creators: name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Messer, Kent D.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Messer, Kent D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The mandatory nature of generic advertising funding remains a contentious issue. Theoretically and in laboratory environments, a provision point mechanism with a money-back guarantee offers an attractive voluntary alternative to the standard voluntary contribution mechanisms, yet in practice, few examples of multiple-round provision point mechanisms exist. A practical concern with applying these mechanisms is that even a slight shortfall in contributions relative to the designated funding threshold in one period would engender an irreversible shutdown of administrative capacity with negative consequences for subsequent periods. This paper uses experimental economics to test new two-threshold provision point mechanisms in the context of check-off programs for funding commodity marketing programs that would separately fund the minimum administrative capacity and the more costly full marketing program. In these mechanisms, even if a funding shortfall occurs for the full marketing program, the low threshold can maintain the administrative capacity and retain the option for future funding of advertising. We demonstrate that providing such "option assurance" does not lead to a decrease in overall contributions and, in some settings, can increase producer surplus.
(Di)lepton physics with ALICE
Creators: name: Crochet, P.
name: Collaboration, the ALICE
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physics perspectives with(di)lepton measurements with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on heavy flavor physics.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, 18th International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions : Quark Matter 2005, Budapest, Hongrie, Ao\^{u}t 2005, submitted to Nuclear Physics
Myeloid autophagy genes protect mice against fatal TNF- and LPS-induced cytokine storm syndromes
Creators: name: Wang, Ya-Ting
name: Sansone, Amy
name: Smirnov, Asya
name: Stallings, Christina L.
name: Orvedahl, Anthony
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Macroautophagy/autophagy regulates inflammation via multiple mechanisms, including lysosomal degradation of specific cellular components. Certain autophagy gene “cassettes” also participate in non-canonical processes to mediate important biological activities. While select autophagy genes in myeloid cells have been implicated in protecting mice in models of cytokine storm syndromes (CSS), a more extensive genetic analysis of the autophagy pathway for this disorder has not been reported to date. We determined that multiple canonical autophagy genes in the myeloid compartment protected against fatal disease from both intravenous TNF and intraperitoneal LPS, with the notable exception that Atg14 was dispensable for the latter. Serum cytokine analyses and genetic crosses further revealed distinct mechanisms contribute to the hypersensitivity of autophagy gene-deficient mice in these CSS models. Surprisingly, TNF was dispensable for the increased mortality of myeloid 5-deficient mice challenged with LPS. Tissue-specific ablation of Atg5 in cells expressing ITGAX/CD11c and LYZ2/LYSM, but not S100A8/MRP8, defined a myeloid subset that protected against TNF, while protection against LPS was conferred by Atg5 in a distinct subset of LYZ2-expressing cells. Together, this study identifies autophagy gene sets and specific cell types that protect against fatal inflammation due to CSS, highlighting important differences in two commonly used murine models of the disorder. ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG14: autophagy related 14; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae); BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CASP1: caspase 1; CASP4/CASP11: caspase 4, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase; CIM: conditionally immortalized macrophage; CLP: cecal ligation and puncture; CSS: cytokine storm syndrome; DC: dendritic cell; IFNG/IFNγ: interferon gamma; IFNGR1: interferon gamma receptor 1; ip: intraperitoneal; iv: intravenous; IL12/p70: interleukin 12, p70 heterodimer; IL18: Interleukin 18; ITGAX/CD11c: integrin alpha X; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LYZ2/LYSM: lysozyme 2; MAP1LC3A/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1; S100A8/MRP8: S100 calcium binding protein A8 (calgranulin A); TICAM1/TRIF: TIR domain containing adaptor molecule 1; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.
A Structural Econometric Model of Consumer Demand at Pick-Your-Own Fruit Operations
Creators: name: Carpio, Carlos E.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
name: Carpio, Carlos E.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This paper develops a fully structural econometric consumer demand model for goods which have time and monetary costs, and where time spent obtaining the goods also enters into the utility function. The model is used to analyze customers' decision to buy pick-your-own versus pre-harvested fruit at North Carolina pick-your-own fruit operations. The empirical application distinguishes the double effect of time as a resource constraint and also providing utility. Elasticity estimates show that strawberries sold at pick-your-own operations are price elastic, with pick-your-own fruit being less price elastic than pre-harvested fruit.
Estimation of the VaR based on POT and GARCH models for forex market returns in Rwanda.
Creators: name: Azamuke, Denish
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150201 Finance
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Financial risk management and the art of quantifying financial risks have become important aspects of decision-making to investors, financial institutions, financial regulators, and many other microfinance institutions. This research study capitalizes on two models to investigate the Value-at-Risk (VaR) measure for forex market returns in Rwanda.
The study focused on the estimation of the VaR based on the Peak-Over-Threshold (POT) approach and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) method popularly used to model volatility in financial markets. The forex data used in this study contained six currencies namely; Great British Pound, US Dollar, Euro, Ethiopian Birr, Kenyan Shillings, and Tanzanian Shillings in a period from January 2012 to April 2021 from The National Bank of Rwanda. In comparison, the GARCH model emerged to have outperformed the POT model after backtesting the VaR measures for each currency return.
Welfare Effects of Technological Convergence in the Food Industries
Creators: name: Ruan, Jun
name: Gopinath, Munisamy
name: Buccola, Steven T.
name: Ruan, Jun
name: Gopinath, Munisamy
name: Buccola, Steven T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: In this paper we investigate the welfare effects of technological convergence in the food industries. We extend Krugman's (1980) monopolistic competition model to allow for technological differences between two (groups of) countries. Technological convergence is reflected in a narrowing inter-country gap between fixed or marginal production cost, and the effects of convergence on output composition, factor rewards, trade pattern, and consumer welfare are derived. The theoretical predictions are examined and confirmed using an internationally comparable dataset.
Luminosity-Dependent Quasar Lifetimes: Reconciling the Optical and X-ray Quasar Luminosity Functions
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Cox, Thomas J.
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Robertson, Brant
name: Springel, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider implications of our new model of quasar lifetimes and light curves for the quasar luminosity function (LF) at different frequencies and redshifts. In our picture, quasars evolve rapidly and the lifetime depends on both their instantaneous and peak luminosities. The bright end of the LF traces the peak intrinsic quasar activity, but the faint end consists of quasars which are either undergoing exponential growth to much larger masses and luminosities, or are in sub-Eddington quiescent states going into or coming out of a period of peak activity. The 'break' in the observed LF corresponds directly to the maximum in the intrinsic distribution of peak luminosities, which falls off at both brighter and fainter luminosities. We study this model using simulations of galaxy mergers which successfully reproduce a wide range of observed quasar phenomena, including the observed column density distribution. By combining quasar lifetimes and the distribution of maximum quasar luminosities determined from the observed hard X-ray LF with the corresponding luminosity and host-system dependent column densities, we produce the expected soft X-ray and B-band LFs. Our predictions agree exceptionally well with the observed LFs at all observed luminosities, over the redshift range considered (z < 1), without invoking any ad hoc assumptions about an obscured population of sources. Our results also suggest that observed correlations in hard X-ray samples between the obscured fraction of quasars and luminosity can be explained in the context of our model by the expulsion of surrounding gas due to heating from accretion feedback energy as a quasar nears its peak luminosity and final black hole mass.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ, October 2005. Revised and expanded with comments from referee report
Better Technology, Better Plots or Better Farmers? Identifying Changes in Productivity and Risk Among Malagasy Rice Farmers
Creators: name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Moser, Christine M.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Moser, Christine M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: In assessing the productivity gains of a new technology, it is often difficult to determine the extent to which observed output gains are due to the technology itself, rather than to the skill of the farmer or the quality of the plot on which the new technology is tried. This problem of attribution is especially important when technologies are not embodied in purchased inputs such as seed or machinery but result instead from changed farmer cultivation practices. Using data based on observations of farmers in Madagascar who simultaneously practice both a newly introduced and traditional rice production methods, we introduce a method for properly attributing observed productivity and risk changes among new production methods, farmers and plots by controlling for farmer and plot heterogeneity using differential production and yield risk functions. Our results help resolve several outstanding puzzling associated with observed low and incomplete uptake and high rates of disadoption of the new system of rice intensification (SRI) in spite of consistent, sharp yield increases on small farmers' fields without application of additional external inputs.
Additional file 2 of Zyflamend induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via modulation of the JNK pathway
Creators: name: Puckett, Dexter L.
name: Alquraishi, Mohammed
name: Alani, Dina
name: Chahed, Samah
name: Donohoe, Dallas
name: Voy, Brynn
name: Whelan, Jay
name: Bettaieb, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Fig. 1. Zyflamend Causes Toxicity and Exacerbates the Effects of Streptozotocin and Adriamycin on ER Stress, Autophagy, and Cell Death in RIN-5F Cells. A-B) Colony formation assay. B) Bar graphs represent the relative number of colonies in each condition determined by dividing the number of colonies for a given treatment by the total number of colonies in DMSO treated cells (Ctrl.) and expressed as a percentage. C) Cell toxicity assay using the MTT method. Bar graphs represent the intensity of formazan staining reflective of the cell number and presented as means + SEM. D-G) Total cell lysates from control cells treated with Zyflamend and non-treated cells with or without streptozotocin (STZ; 5 mM) or adriamycin (ADR; 5 μM) for 24 h were immunoblotted for markers of ER stress (D-E), autophagy, and cell death (F-G). Representative immunoblots are shown. E) Bar graphs represent pPERK/PERK, pEIF2α/EIF2α, pIRE1/IRE1, sXBP1/β-actin, and CHOP/β-actin as means + SEM. *p
"GRAIN FOR GREEN" IN CHINA: COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF A CONSERVATION SET-ASIDE PROGRAM
Creators: name: Uchida, Emi
name: Xu, Jintao
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Uchida, Emi
name: Xu, Jintao
name: Rozelle, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Since 1999, China has pursued one of the most ambitious conservation set-aside program's, known as Grain for Green. The overall goal of our paper is to analyze this program's cost-effectiveness and sustainability. We find that while the program has made a clear attempt to retire land that has the highest potential of contributing to soil erosion, cost-effectiveness can be improved by targeting plots with highest environmental benefits and allowing payments to reflect heterogeneous opportunity costs. We also find indications that preventing farmers from reconverting plots to cultivation will be critical to sustain environmental benefits of the program.
Influence of conformational fluctuations on enzymatic activity: modelling the functional motion of beta-secretase
Creators: name: Neri, M.
name: Cascella, M.
name: Micheletti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considerable insight into the functional activity of proteins and enzymes can be obtained by studying the low-energy conformational distortions that the biopolymer can sustain. We carry out the characterization of these large scale structural changes for a protein of considerable pharmaceutical interest, the human $β$-secretase. Starting from the crystallographic structure of the protein, we use the recently introduced beta-Gaussian model to identify, with negligible computational expenditure, the most significant distortion occurring in thermal equilibrium and the associated time scales. The application of this strategy allows to gain considerable insight into the putative functional movements and, furthermore, helps to identify a handful of key regions in the protein which have an important mechanical influence on the enzymatic activity despite being spatially distant from the active site. The results obtained within the Gaussian model are validated through an extensive comparison against an all-atom Molecular Dynamics simulation.
description: To be published in a special issue of J. Phys.: Cond. Mat. (Bedlewo Workshop)
The physics of antimatter induced fusion and thermonuclear explosions
Creators: name: Gsponer, Andre
name: Hurni, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of using antihydrogen for igniting inertial confinement fusion pellets or triggering large-scale thermonuclear explosions is investigated. The number of antiproton annihilations required to start a thermonuclear burn wave in either DT or Li_2DT is found to be about 10^{21}/k^2, where k is the compression factor of the fuel to be ignited. We conclude that the financial and energy investments needed to produce such amounts of antiprotons would confine applications of antimatter triggered thermonuclear devices to the military domain.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures. First presentation at a conference of the correct physical processes leading to the ignition of a large scale thermonuclear explosion using less than a few micrograms of antimatter as trigger. Final version with a few updates, corrections, and links
Chinese Consumers' Preferences for Livestock Products
Creators: name: Peng, Xuehua
name: Marchant, Mary A.
name: Qin, Xiang Dong
name: Zhuang, Jun
name: Peng, Xuehua
name: Marchant, Mary A.
name: Qin, Xiang Dong
name: Zhuang, Jun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Based on a consumer survey with over 700 observations, Chinese consumer preferences of livestock product attributes were evaluated using factor analysis and probit models. Regional and time differences were examined. Empirical results provide U.S. exporters with valuable information on China's emerging livestock market, its potential, and market access strategies.
Afterglow Light Curves from Impulsive Relativistic Jets with an Unconventional Structure
Creators: name: Granot, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The jet structure in gamma-ray burst (GRB) sources is still largely an open question. The leading models invoke either (i) a roughly uniform jet with sharp edges, or (ii) a jet with a narrow core and wide wings where the energy per solid angle drops as a power law with the angle $θ$ from the jet symmetry axis. Recently, a two component jet model has also been considered, with a narrow uniform jet of initial Lorentz factor $Γ_0 \gtrsim 100$ surrounded by a wider uniform jet with $Γ_0 \sim 10-30$. Some models predict more exotic jet profiles, such as a thin uniform ring (i.e. the outflow is bounded by two concentric cones of half opening angle $θ_c$ and $θ_c + Δθ$, with $Δθ\ll θ_c$) or a fan (a thin outflow with $Δθ\ll 1$ along the rotational equator, $θ_c = π/2 + Δθ/2$). In this paper we calculate the expected afterglow light curves from such jet structures, using a simple formalism that is developed here for this purpose, and could also have other applications. These light curves are qualitatively compared to observations of GRB afterglows. It is shown that the two component jet model cannot produce sharp features in the afterglow model due to the deceleration of the wide jet or the narrow jet becoming visible at lines of sight outside of it. We find that a "ring" shaped jet or a "fan" shaped jet produce a jet break in the afterglow light curve that is too shallow compared to observations, where the change in the temporal decay index across the jet break is about half of that for a uniform conical jet. For a "ring" jet, the jet break is divided into two distinct and smaller breaks, the first occurring when $γΔθ\sim 1-2$ and the second when $γθ_c \sim 1/2$.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures; submitted to ApJ
ACREAGE EFFECTS OF DECOUPLED PROGRAMS AT THE EXTENSIVE MARGIN
Creators: name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This analysis utilizes farm-level data to evaluate the extent to which U.S. farm program benefits, particularly the Agricultural Market Transition Act (AMTA) and market loss assistance payments, bring about distortions in production for wheat and barley production in the Northern Great Plains. The issue is important in light of the upcoming WTO negotiations and debate over the distortionary effects of such decoupled ("green-box") payments. Our results suggest that a modest, though statistically significant effect on acreage may have been evoked by AMTA payments. In particular,if the over $45 billion allocated to AMTA payments and market loss assistance had been doubled, wheat acreage may have been 7% greater and barley acreage may have been 12.8% higher. Models of land idling suggest that AMTA payments have a very modest effect on land idling in this region. We note that the nature of our data may result in an upward bias in AMTA and MLA payment effects, such that our analysis provides conservative estimates.
Additional file 1 of Zyflamend induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via modulation of the JNK pathway
Creators: name: Puckett, Dexter L.
name: Alquraishi, Mohammed
name: Alani, Dina
name: Chahed, Samah
name: Donohoe, Dallas
name: Voy, Brynn
name: Whelan, Jay
name: Bettaieb, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. List of Primary Antibodies and Conditions of Use. Supplementary Table 2. Composition of Zyflamend [82].
Floquet engineering of twisted double bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Vega, Martin
name: Vogl, Michael
name: Fiete, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent experimental realization of twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) samples we study, both analytically and numerically, the effects of circularly polarized light propagating in free space and confined into a waveguide on the band structure and topological properties of these systems. These two complementary Floquet protocols allow us to selectively tune different parameters of the system by varying the intensity and the frequency of the light. For the drive protocol in free space, in the high-frequency regime, we find that in TDBG with AB/BA stacking, we can selectively close the zone-center quasienergy gaps around one valley while increasing the gaps near the opposite valley by tuning the parameters of the drive. In TDBG with AB/AB stacking, a similar effect can be obtained upon the application of a perpendicular static electric field. Furthermore, we study the topological properties of the driven system in different settings, provide accurate effective Floquet Hamiltonians, and show that relatively strong drives can generate flat bands. On the other hand, longitudinal light confined into a waveguide couples to the components of the interlayer hopping that are perpendicular to the TDBG sheet, allowing for selective engineering of the bandwidth of Floquet zone center quasienergy bands without breaking the symmetries of the static system.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Tempest-tossed : a learning journey in high tech
Creators: name: Bridge, Christine H.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis explores thoughts, observations and theoretical research associated with work-related career shifts, adult learning and education. In contemporary society, work-related values are changing. Workers need to be flexible, adaptive and in terms of skills, up-to-date. Since an individual may experience a variety of career shifts during the course of her working adult life, learning and education are essential. But how should work-related learning occur and what avenues are available for those who require it? Workplace learning occurs in many forms and settings, and since learning is a personal process, it is difficult to ascertain ideal learning situations for each employee. The purpose of this study was to reflect on and analyze the just-in-time learning experience of one individual who underwent a career shift in the high tech industry. This thesis recounts the learning journey of the author, a high school English teacher and graduate student, who embarked on a new career as an education consultant. It is a multifaceted and multidisciplinary narrative that explores three distinct areas: the narrative and personal observations central to the author's learning and work experience; theoretical perspectives relating to the contemporary workplace and adult learning; the characters, themes and metaphors from The Tempest that illuminate the author's learning journey. Principles of adult education and theory pertaining to workplace and other settings for learning, along with characters from The Tempest, are invoked to deepen the author's understanding of what occurred during her high tech adventure. The author highlights contradictions between corporate jargon and educational theory, and dwells on dilemmas problematic for protean workers and others destined for corporate education and training. Concepts relating to knowledge management, organizational learning and elearning are challenged in conjunction with issues of power and knowledge. Caught between the demands of the continuously changing corporate world and protected realm of academia, the narrator is forced to combat a storm. Her survival is testimony to her capacity to learn, adapt and rely on previous skills garnered from years as a graduate student and English teacher. Survival does not come easy—there are fumbles, frustrations, and follies along the way. This narrative provides a personal account of what it means to learn and work in the high tech industry. Although this is one person's story, the insights developed and theory invoked have utility that extends to other workers and settings.
Nematic order of model goethite nanorods in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Wensink, H. H.
name: Vroege, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the nematic order of model goethite nanorods in an external magnetic field within Onsager-Parsons density functional theory. The goethite rods are represented by monodisperse, charged spherocylinders with a permanent magnetic moment along the rod main axis, forcing the particles to align parallel to the magnetic field at low field strength. The intrinsic diamagnetic susceptibility anisometry of the rods is negative which leads to a preferred perpendicular orientation at higher field strength. It is shown that these counteracting effects may give rise to intricate phase behavior, including a pronounced stability of biaxial nematic order and the presence of reentrant phase transitions and demixing phenomena. The effect of the applied field on the nematic-to-smectic transition will also be addressed.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
THE PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES IN CORN AND SOYBEANS
Creators: name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Martines-Filho, Joao Gomes
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Martines-Filho, Joao Gomes
name: Good, Darrel L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of market advisory services for the 1995-2000 corn and soybean crops. A new database from the Agricultural Market Advisory Services (AgMAS) Project is used in the evaluation. This database should not be subject to survivorship and hindsight biases. Overall, the results provide limited evidence that advisory programs as a group outperform market benchmarks, particularly after considering risk. In contrast, some evidence exists that advisory programs as a group outperform the farmer benchmark, even after taking risk into account. There is little evidence that advisory programs with superior performance can be usefully selected based on past performance.
Renormalization of Bilinear Quark Operators for Overlap Fermions
Creators: name: DeGrand, Thomas
name: Liu, Zhaofeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present non-perturbative renormalization constants of fermionic bilinears on the lattice in the quenched approximation at beta=6.1 using an overlap fermion action with hypercubic(HYP)-blocked links. We consider the effects of the exact zero modes of the Dirac operator and find they are important in calculating the renormalization constants of the scalar and pseudoscalar density. The results are given in the RI' and MS bar schemes and compared to the perturbative calculations.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Power-efficiency-fluctuations trade-off in steady-state heat engines: The role of interactions
Creators: name: Benenti, Giuliano
name: Casati, Giulio
name: Wang, Jiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quality factor Q, which quantifies the trade-off between power, efficiency, and fluctuations in steady-state heat engines modeled by dynamical systems. We show that the nonlinear scattering theory, both in classical and quantum mechanics, sets the bound Q=3/8 when approaching the Carnot efficiency. On the other hand, interacting, nonintegrable and momentum-conserving systems can achieve the value Q=1/2, which is the universal upper bound in linear response. This result shows that interactions are necessary to achieve the optimal performance of a steady-state heat engine.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
EVALUATING RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR NON-IRRIGATED SMALL GRAIN PRODUCERS
Creators: name: Makus, Larry D.
name: Wang, H. Holly
name: Chen, Xiaomei
name: Makus, Larry D.
name: Wang, H. Holly
name: Chen, Xiaomei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Risk management strategies (market and insurance based) are evaluated for selected small grain producers in the Pacific Northwest using expected utility maximization. Equivalent variation (EV) compares alternative risk management portfolios to cash sales under specified restrictions and conditions. Resulting EV's are strongly influenced by government payments, and hedging-based strategies are not used when counter cyclical payments are included in government programs. Optimum risk management portfolios include extensive coverage by insurance-based products only when such products have premiums that are heavily subsidized, or have premiums with no significant expense load.
Additional file 2 of Disruption of pyruvate phosphate dikinase in Brucella ovis PA CO2-dependent and independent strains generates attenuation in the mouse model
Creators: name: Vizcaíno, Nieves
name: Pérez-Etayo, Lara
name: Conde-Álvarez, Raquel
name: Iriarte, Maite
name: Moriyón, Ignacio
name: Zúñiga-Ripa, Amaia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: (A) Amino acid sequence alignment of PckA in A. tumefaciens C58, B. ovis 63/290, B. abortus 2308 and B. suis 513. In bold and underlined, the specific domain (IGGTSYAGE-KKS; 190 to 202) required for the PckA activity, the phosphate-binding (G--G-GKT; 233 to 243) and adenine-binding (IIML—D; 345 to 351) consensus sites of ATP-dependent proteins and the metal ion binding (G----EG; 265 to 271) site. In red, amino acids (419-458) not conserved in B. ovis 63/290 due to the deletion of a cytosine at position 1523 of the pckA gene. B Amino acid sequence alignment of PpdK in B. ovis 63/290, B. abortus 2308 and B. suis 513. In red, the 3 amino acid changes found in B. ovis 63/290 in contrast to B. abortus 2308W and B. suis 513 (A177V, V312E, C857Y).
R&D SPILLOVERS IN AGRICULTURE: RESULTS FROM A NORTH-SOUTH TRADE MODEL
Creators: name: Tokgoz, Simla
name: Tokgoz, Simla
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This study attempts to analyze technical change and the role of R&D spillovers in this process using a quality innovation model. Domestic R&D sector consists of a public and a private R&D sector. Trade is the mechanism through which R&D spillovers are realized, along with increased market size and increased competition. Propositions of the model are tested for the U.S. agricultural sector data. It is found that R&D spillovers affect technological change as well as private R&D spending significantly and positively.
Synchrotron geodesic radiation in Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Brito, João P. B.
name: Bernar, Rafael P.
name: Crispino, Luís C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the scalar radiation emitted by a source in geodesic circular orbits around a Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole. We obtain the emitted power using quantum field theory in curved spacetimes framework at tree level. We compare our results with the scalar synchrotron radiation in Schwarzschild spacetime.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures