cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Components of the Milky Way and GAIA
Creators: name: Binney, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GAIA mission will produce an extraordinary database from which we should be able to deduce not only the Galaxy's current structure, but also much of its history, and thus cast a powerful light on the way in which galaxies in general are made up of components, and of how these formed. The database can be fully exploited only by fitting to it a sophisticated model of the entire Galaxy. Steady-state models are of fundamental importance even though the Galaxy cannot be in a steady state. A very elaborate model of the Galaxy will be required to reproduce the great wealth of detail that GAIA will reveal. A systematic approach to model-building will be required if such a model is to be successfully constructed, however. The natural strategy is to proceed through a series of models of ever increasing elaborateness, and to be guided in the specification of the next model by mismatches between the data and the current model. An approach to the dynamics of systems with steady gravitational potentials that we call the `torus programme' promises to provide an appropriate framework within which to carry out the proposed modelling programme. The basic principles of this approach have been worked out in some detail and are summarized here. Some extensions will be required before the GAIA database can be successfully confronted. Other modelling techniques that might be employed are briefly examined.
description: Lecture at Les Houches summer school to appear in J.Phys IV France
A Study of Human-Land Linking Policy Based on Urbanization Away from Home: A Case Study of Anhui Province
Creators: name: WANG, Kuang
name: YU, Zhongxiang
name: WANG, Kuang
name: YU, Zhongxiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Urbanization away from home
subject: Human-land linking
subject: Homestead
subject: Land market

description: This paper analyzes the features and trends of urbanization away from home in Anhui Province, and believes that the cross-city floating population in the province shows a expanding scale, and dual cores of the province has obvious attractiveness. This paper also analyzes the relations between urban-rural construction land and urban-rural population transformation in the province, and expounds the possibility and necessity of carrying out human-land linking policy northern Anhui-Wanjiang. Based on the factors affecting human-land linking policy, this paper recommends that we should establish cross-regional trading policy system for land development rights in Anhui Province from four key links (urban entry, urban integration, rural exit, common urban-rural development), in order to effectively promote migrant workers' citizenization.
A theoretical study of the mass temperature relation for clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: Del Popolo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I derive the mass-temperature relation and its time evolution for clusters of galaxies in different cosmologies by means of two different models. The first one is a modification and improvement of a model by Del Popolo & Gambera(1999), namely based upon a modification of the top-hat model in order to take account of angular momentum acquisition by protostructures and of an external pressure term in the virial theorem. The second one is based on the merging-halo formalism of Lacey & Cole (1993), accounting for the fact that massive clusters accrete matter quasi-continuously, and is an improvement of a model proposed by Voit (2000). The final result is that, in both models, the M-T relation shows a break at T \sim 3-4 keV. The behavior of the M-T relation is as usual, M \propto T^{3/2}, at the high mass end, and M \propto T^γ, with a value of γ>3/2 depending on the chosen cosmology. The evolution of the M-T relation, for a given M_{\rm vir}, is more modest both in flat and open universes in comparison to previous estimate found in literature, even more modest than what found by V2000. Moreover the time evolution is more rapid in models with L=0 than in models in which the angular momentum acquisition by protostructures is taken into account (L \neq 0). The effect of a non-zero cosmological constant is that of slightly increasing the evolution of the M-T relation with respect to open models with L \neq 0. The evolution is more rapid for larger values (in absolute value) of the spectral index, n. The comparison of the mass-temperature relation with the data by Finoguenov, Reiprich & Bohringer (2001), shows that the FRB data is able to rule out very low Omega_0 models (<0.3), particularly in the open case, and that better fit are obtained by LambdaCDM models and by CDM models with Omega_0>0.3.
description: 19 pages; 8 incapsulated pictures. Accepted for publication by MNRAS
Porcellanidae Haworth 1825
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Porcellanidae

description: Key to species of family Porcellanidae  1. Chelipeds markedly unequal in size, shape; thick and more or less roughened..................................... 2
– Chelipeds more or less equal in size, shape; flattened......................................................... 4
 2. Carapace with tuft of plumose hairs on front. Chelipeds covered by velvet-like pubescence........ Pachycheles holosericus
– Carapace without tuft of plumose hairs on front. Chelipeds either with few, coarse hairs or with short pubescence interspersed with tufts of longer hairs................................................................................ 3
 3. Chelipeds tuberculate above, without short pubescence, few if any setae in gape of fingers............. Pachychelesrudis – Chelipeds granulated, with short pubescence, dense pubescence in gape of fingers................ Pachycheles pubescens
 4. Carapace markedly wider than long, chelipeds with dense fringe of setae on outer surface....... Polyonyx quadriungulatus
– Carapace about as wide as long, chelipeds without dense fringe of setae on outer surface............................. 5
5. Carpus of cheliped elongated, more than twice as long as wide................................................. 6
– Carpus of cheliped short, less than twice as long as wide...................................................... 7
 6. Carapace with short transverse striations, flattened tubercles................................... Petrolisthes rathbunae
 – Carapace anteriorly with granules, without striations, posteriorly smooth...................... Petrolisthesmanimaculis
 7. Carpus of cheliped without lobe on anterior margin, anterior and posterior margins subparallel....... Petrolisthes eriomerus
– Carpus of cheliped lobed on anterior margin................................................................ 8
 8. Carpal lobe occupying proximal 0.25 of anterior margin, anterior, posterior margins otherwise subparallel; merus of pereopod 4 not inflated. (Rarely found north of Point Conception, California)............................ Petrolisthes cabrilloi
 – Carpal lobe not confined to proximal 0.25 of anterior margin of chelipeds, anterior, posterior margins converging distally; merus of pereopod 4 inflated. (Usually found north of Point Conception, California................. Petrolisthes cinctipes
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on pages 153-154
Survival Regression Models With Dependent Bayesian Nonparametric Priors
Creators: name: Riva-Palacio, Alan
name: Leisen, Fabrizio
name: Griffin, Jim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a novel Bayesian nonparametric model for regression in survival analysis. Our model builds on the classical neutral to the right model of Doksum and on the Cox proportional hazards model of Kim and Lee. The use of a vector of dependent Bayesian nonparametric priors allows us to efficiently model the hazard as a function of covariates while allowing nonproportionality. The model can be seen as having competing latent risks. We characterize the posterior of the underlying dependent vector of completely random measures and study the asymptotic behavior of the model. We show how an MCMC scheme can provide Bayesian inference for posterior means and credible intervals. The method is illustrated using simulated and real data. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
The loading of polyoxometalates compound on a biomass derived N-doped mesoporous carbon matrix, a composite material for electrical energy storage
Creators: name: Chen, Shuai
name: Xu, Xinxin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: A polyoxometalate (POM)-based composite material (NiPW12NP/NMC) was synthesized, in which the nanoparticle of a POM compound (NiPW12NP) distributes on orange juice derived nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon matrix (NMC) homogenously. When employed as a cathode material, NiPW12NP/NMC exhibits high specific capacitance, remarkable rate capability and long-term stability. When the current density is 4 A·g−1, a specific capacitance as high as 547 F·g−1 is achieved by NiPW12NP/NMC. With NiPW12NP/NMC serving as cathode and MnO2 acting as anode, a high performance asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled, which possesses a high energy density of 10.88 Wh·kg−1 at 0.64 kW·kg−1. It also shows a good rate capability, when the current density increases from 4 to 12 A·g−1, its specific capacitance decreases from 113 to 88 F·g−1, with 77.9% capacitance retention. After 5000 cycles charge-discharge experiments, 92.8% of its capacitance can be maintained, which exhibits good stability.
On China's New Urbanization and Land Use
Creators: name: SONG, Rui
name: YU, Zhongxiang
name: SONG, Rui
name: YU, Zhongxiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: New urbanization
subject: Land use
subject: Farmland protection

description: This paper analyzes the history and current situation of Chinese urbanization, as well as the adverse effects on farmland during the past urbanization process, and points out the major problems in land use during urbanization. Finally, this paper brings forward the relevant recommendations: promoting the new urbanization centered around farmer citizenization and strengthening the transfer of agricultural land; developing and implementing urban construction land reduction plan and controlling construction land increment from the supply side; implementing land use and ecological coordination project.
Calculation of excited polaron states in the Holstein model
Creators: name: Barisic, Osor S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact diagonalization technique is used to investigate the low-lying excited polaron states in the Holstein model for the infinite one-dimensional lattice. For moderate values of the adiabatic ratio, a new and comprehensive picture, involving three excited (coherent) polaron bands below the phonon threshold, is obtained. The coherent contribution of the excited states to both the single-electron spectral density and the optical conductivity is evaluated and, due to the invariance of the Hamiltonian under the space inversion, the two are shown to contain complementary information about the single-electron system at zero temperature. The chosen method reveals the connection between the excited bands and the renormalized local phonon excitations of the adiabatic theory, as well as the regime of parameters for which the electron self-energy has notable non-local contributions. Finally, it is shown that the hybridization of two polaron states allows a simple description of the ground and first excited state in the crossover regime.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PRB
Thermal Rectification in Classical and Quantum Systems: Searching for Efficient Thermal Diodes
Creators: name: Pereira, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This mini-review addresses a bedrock problem for the advance of phononics: the building of feasible and efficient thermal diodes. We revisit investigations in classical and quantum systems. For the classical anharmonic chains of oscillators, the most used model for the study of heat conduction in insulating solids, we recall the ubiquitous occurrence of thermal rectification in graded systems, and we show that the match between graded structures and long range interactions is an efficient mechanism to increase the rectification factor. For the cases of genuine quantum models, we present the spin chains, such as the open $XXZ$ model, as profitable systems for the occurrence of thermal rectification and other interesting related properties. In particular, we describe two cases of perfect diodes: one for the spin current, in a two-segmented $XXZ$ model, and another one for the heat current in a simple quantum Ising model with long range interactions. We believe that such results involving interesting rectification properties in simple models will stimulate more theoretical and experimental investigations on the subject.
description: 7 pages
Nahlaksia Ingrisch 1998
Creators: name: Ingrisch, Sigfrid
name: Tan, Ming Kai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Tettigoniidae
Nahlaksia

description: Nahlaksia Ingrisch, 1998: 115
 Discussion. — The genus was established for a single species from Khao Yai in Central Thailand. No other records were reported so far. The new species described below was already collected by D. H. Murphy during his Orthoptera research in Singapore from the 1960s to 1980s, though this species remained unidentified to date. In an attempt to revise the inventory of the Orthoptera in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) and Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR) of Singapore, more specimens were collected by Tan et al. since 2010.
description: Published as part of Ingrisch, Sigfrid & Tan, Ming Kai, 2012, New Taxa Of Agraeciini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) From Singapore And Malaysia With A Review Of The Genus Jambiliara, pp. 137-155 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5347125
Quantity Calculation of the Land Unsuitable for Farming: A Case Study of Anze County in Shanxi Province
Creators: name: CHANG, Kangkang
name: XUE, Longyi
name: XUE, Tao
name: CHANG, Kangkang
name: XUE, Longyi
name: XUE, Tao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Ecological county
subject: Farming suitability
subject: Minimum per capita area of arable land

description: Adhering to the "red line" of 1800 million mu of arable land is China's arable land protection guideline and policy, and the "red line" places emphasis on both quantity and quality of arable land. Taking Shanxi's Anze County as an example, based on ecological safety and natural suitability criteria, we select 10 evaluation indicators to evaluate the farming suitability of existing land in the county. Results show that Anze County needs to reuse 48.7% of the existing arable land for ecological purpose in order to ensure ecological safety. It still retains 51.3% of existing arable land after abandoning tillage, which can ensure 0.15 ha of arable land per capita, 743.12 kg of grain per capita and 170% of food self-sufficiency rate, thereby fully ensuring food safety. The farming suitability evaluation of land resources should not only consider the natural suitability of land, but also consider ecological safety. Faced with the new situation of arable land protection, it is necessary to explore new farmland protection theories and indicator systems based on actual conditions, to meet the requirements of sustainable development of population, resources and ecology.
Atomic Carbon and CO Isotope Emission in the Vicinity of DR15
Creators: name: Oka, T.
name: Yamamoto, S.
name: Iwata, M.
name: Maezawa, H.
name: Ikeda, M.
name: Ito, T.
name: Kamegai, K.
name: Sakai, T.
name: Sekimoto, Y.
name: Tatematsu, K.
name: Arikawa, Y.
name: Aso, Y.
name: Noguchi, T.
name: Shi, S-C.
name: Miyazawa, K.
name: Saito, S.
name: Ozeki, H.
name: Fujiwara, H.
name: Ohishi, M.
name: Inatani, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of the 3P1-3P0 fine structure transition of atomic carbon [CI], the J=3-2 transition of CO, as well as of the J=1-0 transitions of 13CO and C18O toward DR15, an HII region associated with two mid-infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). The 13CO and C18O J=1-0 emissions closely follow the dark patches seen in optical wavelength, showing two self-gravitating molecular cores with masses of 2000 Msun and 900 Msun, respectively, at the positions of the catalogued IRDCs. Our data show a rough spatial correlation between [CI] and 13CO J=1-0. Bright [CI] emission occurs in relatively cold gas behind the molecular cores, neither in highly excited gas traced by CO J=3-2 emission nor in HII region/molecular cloud interface. These results are inconsistent with those predicted by standard photodissociation region (PDR) models, suggesting an origin for interstellar atomic carbon unrelated to photodissociation processes.
description: 11 pages Latex, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
A GRB Detection System using the BGO-Shield of the INTEGRAL-Spectrometer SPI
Creators: name: von Kienlin, A.
name: Arend, N.
name: Lichti, Giselher G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anticoincidence shield (ACS) of the INTEGRAL-spectrometer SPI consists of 512 kg of BGO crystals. This massive scintillator allows the measurement of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with a very high sensitivity. Estimations have shown that with the ACS some hundred gamma-ray bursts per year on the 5 sigma level can be detected, having an equivalent sensitivity to BATSE. The GRB detection will be part of the real-time INTEGRAL burst-alert system (IBAS). The ACS branch of IBAS will produce burst alerts and light curves with 50 ms resolution. It is planned to use ACS burst alerts in the 4th interplanetary network (IPN).
description: 4 pages including 2 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the 2nd Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Burst in the Afterglow Era, Rome/Italy, October 7-20, 2000 (Springer)
Nonparametric tests of the causal null with non-discrete exposures
Creators: name: Westling, Ted
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: In many scientific studies, it is of interest to determine whether an exposure has a causal effect on an outcome. In observational studies, this is a challenging task due to the presence of confounding variables that affect both the exposure and the outcome. Many methods have been developed to test for the presence of a causal effect when all such confounding variables are observed and when the exposure of interest is discrete. In this article, we propose a class of nonparametric tests of the null hypothesis that there is no average causal effect of an arbitrary univariate exposure on an outcome in the presence of observed confounding. Our tests apply to discrete, continuous, and mixed discrete-continuous exposures. We demonstrate that our proposed tests are doubly-robust consistent, that they have correct asymptotic type I error if both nuisance parameters involved in the problem are estimated at fast enough rates, and that they have power to detect local alternatives approaching the null at the rate n−1/2. We study the performance of our tests in numerical studies, and use them to test for the presence of a causal effect of BMI on immune response in early-phase vaccine trials.
Glassy dynamics in a disordered Heisenberg quantum spin system
Creators: name: Signoles, A.
name: Franz, T.
name: Alves, R. Ferracini
name: Gärttner, M.
name: Whitlock, S.
name: Zürn, G.
name: Weidemüller, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the dynamics of strongly interacting disordered quantum systems is one of the most challenging problems in modern science, due to features such as the breakdown of thermalization and the emergence of glassy phases of matter. We report on the observation of anomalous relaxation dynamics in an isolated XXZ quantum spin system realized by an ultracold gas of atoms initially prepared in a superposition of two-different Rydberg states. The total magnetization is found to exhibit sub-exponential relaxation analogous to classical glassy dynamics, but in the quantum case this relaxation originates from the build-up of non-classical correlations. In both experiment and semi-classical simulations, we find the evolution towards a randomized state is independent of the strength of disorder up to a critical value. This hints towards a unifying description of relaxation dynamics in disordered isolated quantum systems, analogous to the generalization of statistical mechanics to out-of-equilibrium scenarios in classical spin glasses.
title: Investigating heatwave-related health needs of the elderly in Malaysia through a community needs assessment model
Creators: name: Yong, Kun Hing
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: heatwaves
subject: Malaysia
subject: elderly people
subject: health

description: Global climate change has resulted in increasing episodes of heatwave events, which are becoming more intense and longer in duration. Literature shows that exposure to heatwaves may pose health risks to a wide range of people, while the elderly population is the most vulnerable to heatwaves. This creates particular challenges because, over the past decade, this segment of the population has grown steadily in proportion to other age groups and is anticipated to continue to increase throughout the world. This could result in heavy strains on health systems, as both heatwaves and the elderly population become more numerous. Although heatwaves affect a wide range of regions across the globe, some regions are at higher levels of risk than others, depending on the awareness and preparedness of a country in facing it. In recent decades, Malaysia has experienced both an increase in heatwaves and an ageing population. These dual trends will challenge Malaysia's healthcare sector unless holistic planning is implemented to address these matters. Thus, this study aims to investigate heatwave-related health needs of the elderly population in Malaysia to inform heatwave adaptation strategies. [...]
Survival regression models with dependent Bayesian nonparametric priors
Creators: name: Riva-Palacio, Alan
name: Leisen, Fabrizio
name: Griffin, Jim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a novel Bayesian nonparametric model for regression in survival analysis. Our model builds on the classical neutral to the right model of Doksum (1974) and on the Cox proportional hazards model of Kim and Lee (2003). The use of a vector of dependent Bayesian nonparametric priors allows us to efficiently model the hazard as a function of covariates whilst allowing nonproportionality. The model can be seen as having competing latent risks. We characterize the posterior of the underlying dependent vector of completely random measures and study the asymptotic behavior of the model. We show how an MCMC scheme can provide Bayesian inference for posterior means and credible intervals. The method is illustrated using simulated and real data.
Effects of Human Capital on the Growth and Survival of Swedish Businesses
Creators: name: Backman, Mikaela
name: Gabe, Todd
name: Mellander, Charlotta
name: Backman, Mikaela
name: Gabe, Todd
name: Mellander, Charlotta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: This paper examines the effects of human capital on the growth and survival of a large sample of Swedish businesses. Human capital is represented by conventional measures of the educational attainment and experience of an establishment’s workers and skills-based measures of the types of occupations present in the company. Controlling for an establishment’s size and age, as well as its industry and region of location, we find that the human capital embodied in a company’s workers affects its performance. The specific effects, however, depend on how human capital is measured and whether the analysis focuses on growth or survival.
title: Programme Journée d'études "Le prosélytisme Enjeux, débats et controverses en Méditerranée"
Creators: name: Fatiha KAOUES (Idemec, Labexmed, AMU); Myriam LAAKILI (Lames, AMU)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Journée d’étude organisée par
Fatiha KAOUES (Idemec, Labexmed, AMU) et Myriam LAAKILI (Lames, AMU).
Collaborations avec Christophe Pons (IDEMEC),Katia Boissevain (IDEMEC), Marie Balas (Institut catholique de Paris), Loïc Lepape (IDEMEC), Françoise Lorcerie (CNRS), Sébastien Tank (EHESS) et Jean-Paul Willaime, Directeur de recherche, GSRL (École Pratique des Hautes Études).
Supplemental Materials
Creators: name: Willis, Kent
name: Cormier, Stephania A.
name: Pierre, Joseph F.
name: Talati, Ajay J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Medicine

description: This file contains the Supplemental Materials for the AJP -Lung article Willis et al. "Perinatal maternal antibiotic exposure augments lung injury in offspring in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia" Kent A. Willis, David T. Siefker, Michael M. Aziz, Catrina T. White, Naiha Mussarat, Charles K. Gomes, Amandeep Bajwa, Joseph F. Pierre, Stephania A. Cormier, Ajay J. Talati
Automatic Observation Rendering (AMORE) I. On a synthetic stellar population's colour-magnitude diagram
Creators: name: Ng, Y. K.
name: Brogt, E.
name: Chiosi, C.
name: Bertelli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method, AMORE - based on a genetic algorithm optimizer, is presented for the automated study of colour-magnitude diagrams. The method combines several stellar population synthesis tools developed in the last decade by or in collaboration with the Padova group. Our method is able to recover, within the uncertainties, the parameters -- distance, extinction, age, metallicity, index of a power-law initial mass function and the index of an exponential star formation rate -- from a reference synthetic stellar population. No a priori information is inserted to recover the parameters, which is done simultaneously and not one at a time. Examples are given to demonstrate and to better understand biases in the results, if one of the input parameters is deliberately set fixed to a non-optimum value.
description: 26 pages LaTeX, 7 figures, 11 tables, to appear in A&A
title: Optoelectronic Effects in Semiconductor Multi Heterojunctions for Self-Power and Sensing Applications
Creators: name: Dinh, Gia-Ninh
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: massive photoelectric energy conversion;
subject: double junction
subject: cubic silicon carbide
subject: magneto-thermo-optoelectronics

description: Semiconductor heterojunctions consist of two or more different semiconductor materials joined together to form a single junction, double junction, or multi-junctions, such as SiC/Si, GaAs/AlGaAs, and AlGaN/GaN. Heterojunction configurations have attracted significant attention in the field of optoelectronic sensing and energy harvesting due to their enhanced efficiency and sensing functionality compared to homojunctions. Although silicon (Si) has traditionally been the predominant semiconductor material in the electronics industry, it exhibits limitations when operating in harsh environments, including elevated temperatures and chemically corrosive conditions. In contrast, silicon carbide (SiC) demonstrates remarkable reliability in such challenging conditions due to its superior electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties. This study comprehensively investigates the optoelectronic properties of single heterojunction (3C-SiC/Si) and double heterojunctions (p-3C-SiC/p-Si/n-Si) of different semiconductor types under various working conditions, including high temperature and presence of magnetic field. The theories of photogeneration and charge carrier transport in semiconductor heterojunctions were applied to design the double heterojunctions and to analyze the obtained results. The findings reveal that the photoelectric energy conversion and optical position sensitivity of the double junction p-3C-SiC/p-Si/n-Si are remarkably superior, being 20 to 100 times greater than that of its single junction counterpart p-3C-SiC/n-Si. These findings are expected to advance optoelectronic sensing technology toward highly sensitive self-powered sensing and highly-efficient energy harvesting applications.
Munidopsis aspera
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Munidopsis
Munidopsis aspera

description: Munidopsis aspera (Henderson, 1885)
(Fig. 35E)
 Elasmonotus asper Henderson, 1885: 416.
 Munidopsis aspera. — Rathbun 1904: 167. — Schmitt 1921: 171, pl. 31, fig.1. — Wicksten 1989b: 315. — Hendrickx & Harvey 1999: 376.
 Diagnosis. Rostrum elongate, triangular, length variable: from same as eyestalk to twice its length. Carapace with small lobe on orbital border, dorsal surface with tubercles, 2 large tubercles on cardiac area. Chelipeds elongate, setose, with scattered spines. Pereopods 2–4 with elongate dactyls. Abdominal somites 2, 3 with tubercles. Total length 28 mm.
 Color in life. Not reported.
 Habitat and depth. Continental shelf and slope, 104–2748 m.
Range. Santa Catalina I., California to Straits of Magellan; off Brazil and Patagonia. Type localities off coast of Brazil and off Patagonia.
 Remarks. There are no accurate and detailed drawings of this species.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 149
Bayesian Regression Using a Prior on the Model Fit: The R2-D2 Shrinkage Prior
Creators: name: Zhang, Yan Dora
name: Naughton, Brian P.
name: Bondell, Howard D.
name: Reich, Brian J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Prior distributions for high-dimensional linear regression require specifying a joint distribution for the unobserved regression coefficients, which is inherently difficult. We instead propose a new class of shrinkage priors for linear regression via specifying a prior first on the model fit, in particular, the coefficient of determination, and then distributing through to the coefficients in a novel way. The proposed method compares favorably to previous approaches in terms of both concentration around the origin and tail behavior, which leads to improved performance both in posterior contraction and in empirical performance. The limiting behavior of the proposed prior is1/x, both around the origin and in the tails. This behavior is optimal in the sense that it simultaneously lies on the boundary of being an improper prior both in the tails and around the origin. None of the existing shrinkage priors obtain this behavior in both regions simultaneously. We also demonstrate that our proposed prior leads to the same near-minimax posterior contraction rate as the spike-and-slab prior. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
The Role of California and Western US Dairy and Forage Crop Industries in Asian Dairy Markets
Creators: name: Matthews, William A.
name: Gabrielyan, Georgi T.
name: Putnam, Daniel H.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Matthews, William A.
name: Gabrielyan, Georgi T.
name: Putnam, Daniel H.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: exports
subject: dairy
subject: forage
subject: alfalfa hay
subject: Asian demand
subject: California

description: California’s dairy and the closely linked forage crop industries developed a remarkable record of growth and success until about a decade ago when growth slowed dramatically. California’s dairy farms and processing plants still account for about 20% of US milk production and almost 40% of US dairy exports. California alfalfa and other hay account for about 30% of production among states west of the Rocky Mountains. Continued population and income growth is projected to expand the demand for dairy products in Asia. California can play a crucial role in meeting this demand if it can maintain competitiveness in milk production and processing.
description: The IFAMR is published quarterly my IFAMA. For more information visit: www.ifama.org.
A reverse Minkowski-type inequality
Creators: name: Hug, Daniel
name: Böröczky, Károly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 52A20, 52A38, 52A39, 52A40, secondary: 60D05, 52A22

description: The famous Minkowski inequality provides a sharp lower bound for the mixed volume $V(K,M[n-1])$ of two convex bodies $K,M\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ in terms of powers of the volumes of the individual bodies $K$ and $M$. The special case where $K$ is the unit ball yields the isoperimetric inequality. In the plane, Betke and Weil (1991) found a sharp upper bound for the mixed area of $K$ and $M$ in terms of the perimeters of $K$ and $M$. We extend this result to general dimensions by proving a sharp upper bound for the mixed volume $V(K,M[n-1])$ in terms of the mean width of $K$ and the surface area of $M$. The equality case is completely characterized. In addition, we establish a stability improvement of this and related geometric inequalities of isoperimetric type.
Almost symmetric numerical semigroups with high type
Creators: name: Garcia-Sanchez, Pedro A.
name: Ojeda, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M14, 20M25

description: We establish a one-to-one correspondence between numerical semigroups of genus $g$ and almost symmetric numerical semigroups with Frobenius number $F$ and type $F-2g$, provided that $F$ is greater than $4g-1$.
K-means Clustering in R Libraries {cluster} and {factoextra} for Grouping Oceanographic Data
Creators: name: Lemenkova, Polina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80308 Programming Languages
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Cluster analysis by k-means algorithm by R programming applied for the geological data analysis is the scope of the presented paper. The research object is the Mariana Trench, a hadal trench located in west Pacific Ocean. The study evaluates the similarity of the geological data by the analysis of their attributes. The original observation data set contained samples varying in parameters: geology (sediment thickness), tectonics (locations on the tectonic plates), volcanism (igneous volcanic areas), bathymetry (depth ranges) and geomorphology (slope steepness and aspect). The data pool was divided to the clusters using k-means algorithm with aim to detect similarities. Clustering was chosen as a main statistical method, since it enables detecting similar groups within the original data set by unsupervised classification. Technically, the research was performed using R language and its statistical libraries. The main R libraries include {cluster}, {factoextra}; minor libraries include {ggplot2}, {FactoMiner}, {openxlsx}, {carData}, {rio}, {car} and {flashClust}. Several clusters were tested from two to seven, the optimal number is defined as five. The results show visualized computations: correlation matrix of the factors; comparison of the bi-factors showing pairwise correlation; pairwise comparative analysis showing influence of the variables as bi-factors: sediment thickness correlating with slope an- gles; correlation of the volcanic igneous areas with slope angles and as- pect degree. Four variables affect geomorphology: slope angle, sediment thickness, aspect degree, bathymetry and volcanism. The paper includes listings of R programming codes for repeatability of the algorithms in similar research.
Economic Freedom and Real Income
Creators: name: Foley, Maggie
name: Clark, J.R.
name: Foley, Maggie
name: Clark, J.R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance

description: This article further investigates the critical relationship between economic freedom and real income levels. Treating member nations of the OECD as de facto economic and political regions, the estimations in this empirical study all provide strong support for the three hypotheses considered here: (1) the higher the overall degree of economic freedom, the higher the per capita real income level; (2) the higher the level of regulatory quality, the higher the level of per capita real income; and (3) the higher the tax burden, expressed as a percent of GDP, the lower the level of per capita real income.
Kaluza-Klein theory of electron-plasmon interaction in a thin cylindrical wire
Creators: name: Smolyaninov, Igor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron-plasmon interaction in a thin cylindrical wire is described in terms of four-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory in which angular coordinate of the metal cylinder is considered to be one of the two compactified coordinates. In this model electron-electron, electron-plasmon and nonlinear optical plasmon-plasmon interactions are unified via introduction of effective superchiral charges and fields. Such an approach has important consequences for description of electromagnetic and transport properties of mesoscopic metallic wires and rings at low temperatures, such as recent observation of density-dependent spin polarization in quantum wires. This theory may be consistently reformulated using normal language of classical physics as nonlinear electrodynamics of a rotating medium.
description: 4 pages
Novel phenolic metabolites isolated from plant endophytic fungus Fusarium guttiforme
Creators: name: Yue, Jing-Yi
name: Wang, Rui
name: Xu, Tao
name: Wang, Ju-Tao
name: Yu, Yang
name: Cai, Bai-Xiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Two new phenolic compounds Fusagunolics A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Fusarium guttiforme, in addition to the previously known metabolites (3-6). The structures of these compounds was elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic analyses, including UV, HRESIMS, 1 D, and 2 D NMR, as well as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and the optical rotatory dispersion (ORD). Further, the anti-inflammatory activity of all the compounds was evaluated to assess their capability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. The bioactive screening revealed that compounds 2 and 6 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects against NO production with the IC50 values 28.6 and 37.6 μM, respectively.
How Quantum is Quantum Counterfactual Communication?
Creators: name: Hance, Jonte R.
name: Ladyman, James
name: Rarity, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P45, 81P05, 94A05, 81V80

description: Quantum Counterfactual Communication is the recently-proposed idea of using quantum physics to send messages between two parties, without any matter/energy transfer associated with the bits sent. While this has excited massive interest, both for potential `unhackable' communication, and insight into the foundations of quantum mechanics, it has been asked whether this process is essentially quantum, or could be performed classically. We examine counterfactual communication, both classical and quantum, and show that the protocols proposed so far for sending signals that don't involve matter/energy transfer associated with the bits sent must be quantum, insofar as they require wave-particle duality.
description: 3+5 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Foundations of Physics
Dual-target anti-Alzheimer’s disease agents with both iron ion chelating and monoamine oxidase-B inhibitory activity
Creators: name: Mi, Zhisheng
name: Gan, Bing
name: Yu, Sihang
name: Guo, Jianan
name: Zhang, Changjun
name: Jiang, Xiaoying
name: Zhou, Tao
name: Su, Jing
name: Bai, Renren
name: Xie, Yuanyuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biochemistry
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Hematology

description: MAO-B leads to an increase in the levels of hydrogen peroxide and oxidative free radicals, which contribute to the aetiology of the AD. Thus, both iron ion chelators and MAO-B inhibitors can be used to treat AD. Taking the coumarin derivatives and hydroxypyridinones as the lead compounds, a series of dual-target hybrids were designed and synthesised by Click Chemistry. The compounds were biologically evaluated for their iron ion chelating and MAO-B inhibitory activity. Most of the compounds displayed excellent iron ion chelating activity and moderate to good anti-MAO-B activity. Compounds 27b and 27j exhibited the most potent MAO-B inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.68 and 0.86 μM, respectively. In summary, these dual-target compounds have the potential anti-AD activity.
Diversification in Spanish Dairy Farms: Key Drivers of Performance
Creators: name: Alvarez, Antonio
name: Garcia-Cornejo, Beatriz
name: Perez-Mendez, Jose A.
name: Roibas, David
name: Alvarez, Antonio
name: Garcia-Cornejo, Beatriz
name: Perez-Mendez, Jose A.
name: Roibas, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: farm diversification
subject: resource-based view
subject: balanced scorecard
subject: Spain
subject: dairy farms

description: Recent downward trends in milk prices and the abolition of European Union (EU) milk production quotas have raised questions among Spanish farmers exploring whether diversification initiatives are profitable. The objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidence measuring the financial performance of value-added dairy farm ventures. The study analyzes forty-nine farms in Northern Spain that have diversified activities through milk commercialization and related niche products. Data collected through in-depth interviews with farmers shows that knowledge management, management control systems (MCS) and a differentiated value proposition for customers positively affect performance. Contrary to what is expected, networks and the technological level of the ventures (innovation of the production process and the use of IT systems) do not assure positive performance outcomes.
description: The IFAMR is published quarterly my IFAMA. For more information visit: www.ifama.org.
Mehler’s Formula, Branching Process, and Compositional Kernels of Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Tengyuan Liang
name: Tran-Bach, Hai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Abstract–We use a connection between compositional kernels and branching processes via Mehler’s formula to study deep neural networks. This new probabilistic insight provides us a novel perspective on the mathematical role of activation functions in compositional neural networks. We study the unscaled and rescaled limits of the compositional kernels and explore the different phases of the limiting behavior, as the compositional depth increases. We investigate the memorization capacity of the compositional kernels and neural networks by characterizing the interplay among compositional depth, sample size, dimensionality, and nonlinearity of the activation. Explicit formulas on the eigenvalues of the compositional kernel are provided, which quantify the complexity of the corresponding reproducing kernel Hilbert space. On the methodological front, we propose a new random features algorithm, which compresses the compositional layers by devising a new activation function. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
MOESM4 of High oral corticosteroid exposure and overuse of short-acting beta-2-agonists were associated with insufficient prescribing of controller medication: a nationwide electronic prescribing and dispensing database analysis
Creators: name: Sá-Sousa, Ana
name: Almeida, Rute
name: Vicente, Ricardo
name: Nilton Nascimento
name: Martins, Henrique
name: Freitas, Alberto
name: Fonseca, João
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Association of sex, age, maintenance-to-total prescribed medication and primary adherence to high OCS exposure.