cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Near Field Electrospinning of Nanofibers for Multi-Modal Hydrogen Sensing
Creators: name: Wong, Danny
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: hydrogen sensing
subject: near field electrospinning
subject: nanofibers
subject: quartz tuning fork
subject: quartz crystal microbalance
subject: ANOVA
subject: Chemistry--Polymer
subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Materials Science
subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: Hydrogen gas is a common byproduct in industrial processes. It is also frequently used in practical applications such as fuel cell vehicles. It has no smell and no taste, but it may pose immediate safety risks because it is combustible in air. It is also un wanted in manufacturing processes as it causes hydrogen-assisted cracking. Sensitive and selective gas sensors are critical to rapidly detect and minimize potential hazards. In this study, we propose a multi-modal hydrogen sensor that combines electrochemical and resonance-based sensing approaches using both quartz tuning forks (QTF) and quartz crystal microbalances (QCM). Near-field electrospinning is used to deposit uniform, semi-conductive nanofibers connecting the two prongs of a QTF. Electrospinning parameters are also optimized on QCM to maximize sensing performance. The most important parameters include polymer concentration, additive concentration and tip-to-collector distance. Treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), platinum nanoparticles and polyaniline (PANI) are used as the sensing materials with polyethylene oxide (PEO) being used as an electrospinning guide. The effects of intensive pulsed light (IPL) for welding the nanofibers to the platinum coated surfaces are also investigated. The attached sensing materials caused the resonance frequency to shift due to increased stiffness but provided increased surface area for selective adsorption and allowed for electrical impedance changes to be measured. The resonance frequency and electrical impedance both decrease when exposed to hydrogen gas. The sensing methods are combined to develop sensitive gas sensors that are selective to hydrogen compared to a multitude of other gases. Models are developed to back calculate the hydrogen concentration based on the sensor response. The development of these sensors lead to new methods for compact multi-modal sensing.
Simulation of spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy on complex magnetic surfaces: Case of a Cr monolayer on Ag(111)
Creators: name: Palotás, Krisztián
name: Hofer, Werner A.
name: Szunyogh, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an atom-superposition-based method for simulating spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) from first principles. Our approach provides bias dependent STM images in high spatial resolution, with the capability of using either constant current or constant height modes of STM. In addition, topographic and magnetic contributions can clearly be distinguished, which are directly comparable to results of SP-STM experiments in the differential magnetic mode. Advantages of the proposed method are that it is computationally cheap, it is easy to parallelize, and it can employ the results of any ab initio electronic structure code. Its capabilities are illustrated for the prototype frustrated hexagonal antiferromagnetic system, Cr monolayer on Ag(111) in a noncollinear magnetic $120^{\circ}$ Néel state. We show evidence that the magnetic contrast is sensitive to the tip electronic structure, and this contrast can be reversed depending on the bias voltage.
description: 28 pages manuscript, 1 table, 5 figures
Supplementary document for Deep-learning-based single photon counting compressive imaging via jointly trained subpixel convolution sampling - 4659224.pdf
Creators: name: Yan, Qiurong
name: Li, Wencheng
name: Guan, Yanqiu
name: Yang, Shengtao
name: Peng, Cong
name: Fang, Zheyu
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This document includes the experimental result which responses to the point 4 of main comments of reviewer 1
QuAL: Quality Assurance Language
Creators: name: Florissi, Patrícia Gomes Soares
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: Distributed multimedia applications are sensitive to the Quality of Services (QoS) provided by their computing and communication environment. For example, scheduling of processing activities or network queueing delays may cause excessive jitter in a speech stream, rendering it difficult to understand. It is thus important to establish effective technologies to ensure delivery of QoS required by distributed multimedia applications. This proposal presents a new language for the development of distributed multimedia applications: Quality Assurance Language (QuAL). QuAL abstractions allow the specification of QoS constraints expected from the underlying computing and communication environment. QuAL specifications are compiled into run time components that monitor the actual QoS delivered. Upon QoS violations, application provided exception handlers are signaled to act upon the faulty events. Language level abstractions of QoS shelter programs from the heterogeneity of underlying infrastructures. This simplifies the development and maintenance of multimedia applications and promotes their portability and reuse. QuAL generates Management Information Bases (MIBs) that contain QoS statistics per application. Such MIBs may be used to integrate application level QoS management into standard network management frameworks.
Supernova Neutrino Detection
Creators: name: Scholberg, Kate
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A core-collapse supernova will produce an enormous burst of neutrinos of all flavors in the few-tens-of-MeV range. Measurement of the flavor, time and energy structure of a nearby core-collapse neutrino burst will yield answers to many physics and astrophysics questions. The neutrinos left over from past cosmic supernovae are also observable, and their detection will improve knowledge of core collapse rates and average neutrino emission. This review describes experimental techniques for detection of core-collapse neutrinos, as well as the sensitivities of current and future detectors.
description: Review article to be published in the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, October 2012
Colorado water, June 2005
Creators: name: Blumanhourst, Gloria
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center at Colorado State University.
Superdatabases for Composition of Heterogeneous Databases
Creators: name: Pu, Calton
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Computer science

description: Superdatabases are designed to compose and extend databases. In particular, superdatabases allow consistent update across heterogeneous databases. The key idea of superdatabase is hierarchical composition of element databases. For global crash recovery, each element database must provide local recovery plus some kind of agreement protocol, such as two-phase commit. For global concurrency control, each element database must have local synchronization with an explicit serial order, such as two-phase locking, timestamps, or optimistic methods. Given element databases satisfying the above requirements, the superdatabase can certify the serializability of global transactions through a concatenation of local serial order. Combined with previous work on heterogeneous databases, including unified query languages and view integration, now we can build heterogeneous databases which are consistent, adaptable, and extensible by construction.
Responses to Academic Feedback
Creators: name: Ito, Tiffany
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Academic feedback can facilitate learning and achievement by helping students set goals, monitor pursuit of those goals, and adjust academic behavior. Students’ reactions to this feedback can also affect their academic engagement, identification, and sense of trust in the academic enterprise. This project examines how women and men STEM students react to academic feedback by giving them feedback on their answers to a problem set ostensibly graded by a STEM faculty member. We then measure several academic self-perceptions as well as performance on a subsequent problem set.
Additional file 1 of Public attitudes to, and behaviours taken during, hot weather by vulnerable groups: results from a national survey in England
Creators: name: Erens, Bob
name: Williams, Lorraine
name: Exley, Josephine
name: Ettelt, Stefanie
name: Manacorda, Tommaso
name: Hajat, Shakoor
name: Mays, Nicholas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. "Heat-health alert level 3 temperatures by region” provides a map showing the temperatures required for triggering a level 3 alert for each region in England.
Computer Simulations for Interpreting µSR Experiments: Beyond DFT
Creators: name: Liborio, Leandro
name: Sturniolo, Simone
name: Jochym, Dominik
name: Jackson, Samuel
name: Dack, Thomas
name: Pratt, Francis
name: Cottrell, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Computational Simulations of muon rotation experiments

description: In this work, I discussed the computational methods that we had developed so far to estimate the muon stopping site in crystalline materials. The key new concept is the development of methods based on calculations other than ab-initio calculations. The idea is that the new calculations are computationally faster than the purely ab initio ones. One of the methods that I have tested is the DFT-based Tight-Binding.
Polyhedral colloidal `rocks': low-dimensional networks
Creators: name: Rice, Rebecca
name: Roth, Roland
name: Royall, C. Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model system of anisotropic colloidal `rocks'. Due to their shape, the bonding introduced via non-absorbing polymers is profoundly different from spherical particles: bonds between rocks are rigid against rotation, leading to strong frustration. We develop a geometric model which captures the essence of the rocks. Experiments and simulations show that the colloid geometry leads to structures of low fractal dimension. This is in stark contrast to gels of spheres, whose rigidity results from locally dense regions. At high density the rocks form a quasi one-component glass.
Logic Level and Fault Simulation on the Rp3 Parallel Processor
Creators: name: Unger, Stephen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Computer science

description: Logic level simulation for circuits of the sizes currently being designed is indeed a formidable computational task. Chips are being but it today containing over a million gates, with storage elements and RAMs. Ordinary logic simulation of systems of this size can take many hours of computation time on the fastest computers. Fault simulation for such large chips, is out of the question for anything but the largest supercomputer. Certainly this is a task justifying the use of parallel processing.
A New Client-Server Architecture for Distributed Query Processing
Creators: name: Li, Zhe
name: Ross, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper presents the idea of "tuple bit-vectors" for distributed query processing. Using tuple bit-vectors, a new two-way semijoin operator called 2SJ++ that enhances the semijoin with an essentially "free" backward reduction capability is proposed. We explore in detail the benefits and costs of 2SJ++ compared with other semijoin variants, and its effect on distributed query processing performance. We then focus on one particular distributed query processing algorithm, called the "one-shot" algorithm. We modify the one-shot algorithm by using 2SJ++ and demonstrate the improvements achieved in network transmission cost compared with the original one-shot technique. We use this improvement to demonstrate that equipped with the 2SJ++ technique, one can improve the performance of distributed query processing algorithms significantly without adding much complexity to the algorithms.
The dark matter crisis: falsification of the current standard model of cosmology
Creators: name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current standard model of cosmology (SMoC) requires The Dual Dwarf Galaxy Theorem to be true according to which two types of dwarf galaxies must exist: primordial dark-matter (DM) dominated (type A) dwarf galaxies, and tidal-dwarf and ram-pressure-dwarf (type B) galaxies void of DM. Type A dwarfs surround the host approximately spherically, while type B dwarfs are typically correlated in phase-space. Type B dwarfs must exist in any cosmological theory in which galaxies interact. Only one type of dwarf galaxy is observed to exist on the baryonic Tully-Fisher plot and in the radius-mass plane. The Milky Way satellite system forms a vast phase-space-correlated structure that includes globular clusters and stellar and gaseous streams. Other galaxies also have phase-space correlated satellite systems. Therefore, The Dual Dwarf Galaxy Theorem is falsified by observation and dynamically relevant cold or warm DM cannot exist. It is shown that the SMoC is incompatible with a large set of other extragalactic observations. Other theoretical solutions to cosmological observations exist. In particular, alone the empirical mass-discrepancy--acceleration correlation constitutes convincing evidence that galactic-scale dynamics must be Milgromian. Major problems with inflationary big bang cosmologies remain unresolved.
description: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (CSIRO Publishing), LaTeX, 51 pages, 16 figures. Minor changes: The Dual Dwarf Galaxy Theorem has been corrected, two additional failures of the SMoC added. The paper is published online early as an open access article here: http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/AS12005.htm . It will appear in press in the December 2012 issue of PASA
Circle
Creators: name: Morin, Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This written thesis supports the MFA exhibition, Circle. In both thesis and exhibition, I articulate that the act of speaking language creates connection for both the speaker and the listener to the history of knowledge and ideas within its specific community of origin. The spoken language is connected to the history of knowledge and ideas within its specific community of origin and has a structure which implies physicality; therefore, the spoken language exists beside other established created objects within indigenous practice. Through the documentation of unique situations of indigenous language speaking within contexts of cultural practice, this thesis articulates my process of speaking my indigenous Tahltan language as a performance of indigenous Tahltan meaning which, in turn, is part of the creation process of the indigenous Tahltan objects in Circle. Both thesis and exhibition together are an offering of a blanket, a river, stones, salmon, and the Tahltan land, as an embodied practice of articulating Tahltan epistemologies through the creation of objects connected to spoken Tahltan language.
Exploring the stability of polyethylene glycol functionalized nanoparticles in angiogenic blood vessels
Creators: name: Sagoe, Veritas Aba Ntsifua
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Chemistry--Pharmaceutical
subject: Chemistry--Physical

description: Research into the stability of liposomes as nanocarriers or nanoparticles (NPs) is well justified during an era where there is emerging research on drug delivery especially with respect to cancer. Nanoparticles face different barriers to reach their targets within a living organism which can potentially affect their stability. In this thesis, we used a systematic approach to introduce a series of liposomes (whose surfaces are partially coated with poly-ethylene glycol (PEG)) into a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The CAM was the model of choice as it is mimetic of the angiogenic vasculature present in cancerous tumors. There are fenestrations in these blood vessel walls through which NPs can pass to the tumor mass. Fluorescent liposomes were synthesized by lacing with a dye and using different proportions (2.5, 5 and 10% of the total lipid content) of PEGylated lipids (1, 2 dioleyl-sn-glcero-3phophoethanolamine-N-[Methoxy (Polyethylene glycol)-“1000, 2000 & 5000”] with molecular weights of 1000, 2000 and 5000 dalton (Da). After injection into the CAM, the time dependent behaviour is monitored using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The NPs were observed to agglomerate in the blood vessels. Thus, the NPs were subsequently characterized in chicken blood serum and phosphate buffered saline to ascertain the possibility of there being ionic and protein effects on the particle stability.
title: Powerful AI Can Now Be Trained on a Single Computer
title: New machine learning training approach could help under-resourced academic labs catch up with big tech
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Gent, Edd
Publisher: name: IEEE Spectrum
Year: 2020
Subjects: machine learning
shooter videogame
Doom

description: You are viewing a news article from IEEE Spectrum that was in the Good Systems Network Digest in July 2020.
Colorado water, December 1997
Creators: name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.
Additional file 2 of Public attitudes to, and behaviours taken during, hot weather by vulnerable groups: results from a national survey in England
Creators: name: Erens, Bob
name: Williams, Lorraine
name: Exley, Josephine
name: Ettelt, Stefanie
name: Manacorda, Tommaso
name: Hajat, Shakoor
name: Mays, Nicholas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Survey Questionnaire “General population survey questions” shows the questions, response categories and skip instructions for the survey.
SUSY Stops at a Bump
Creators: name: Brust, Christopher
name: Katz, Andrey
name: Sundrum, Raman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss collider signatures of the "natural supersymmetry" scenario with baryon-number violating R-parity violation. We argue that this is one of the few remaining viable incarnations of weak scale supersymmetry consistent with full electroweak naturalness. We show that this intriguing and challenging scenario contains distinctive LHC signals, resonances of hard jets in conjunction with relatively soft leptons and missing energy, which are easily overlooked by existing LHC searches. We propose novel strategies for distinguishing these signals above background, and estimate their potential reach at the 8 TeV LHC. We show that other multi-lepton signals of this scenario can be seen by currently existing searches with increased statistics, but these opportunities are more spectrum-dependent.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. V2: spectrum discussion corrected, most of the changes are in Sec. 2. Benchmarks, analysis and conclusions unchanged. References added
Avoiding Latch Formation in Regular Expression Recognizers
Creators: name: Foster, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Computer science

description: Specialized silicon compilers, or module generators, are promising tools for automating the design of custom VLSI chips. In particular, generators for regular language recognizers have many applications. A problem called latch formation that causes regular expression recognizers to be more complex than they would first appear is identified. if recognizers are constructed in the most straightforward way from certain regular expressions, they may contain extraneous latches that cause incorrect operation. After identifying the problem, the article presents a source-to-source transformation that converts regular expressions that cause latch formation into expressions that do not. This transformation allows regular expression recognizers to be simpler, smaller, and faster, thus adding to the advantages of specialized silicon compilers.
Additional file 3 of Public attitudes to, and behaviours taken during, hot weather by vulnerable groups: results from a national survey in England
Creators: name: Erens, Bob
name: Williams, Lorraine
name: Exley, Josephine
name: Ettelt, Stefanie
name: Manacorda, Tommaso
name: Hajat, Shakoor
name: Mays, Nicholas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Topic Guide “Focus Group Topic Guide” shows the topic guide used in the focus groups.
Thalamic Nuclei Localization Using fMRI for Image-Guided Thalamotomy in Movement Disorders
Creators: name: Shie, Nancy
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biophysics--Medical
subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Radiology
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are important surgical options for patients with tremor-dominant movement disorders. They have provided significant improvements to those with Parkinson’s disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and dystonic tremor (DT) in their daily quality of life. Both neurosurgery techniques require presurgical imaging to localize targets for electrode placement. The thalamus is a common target for patients with uncontrollable tremor. It is made up of multiple, irregularly shaped nuclei with vague and almost indistinguishable topographies. Improving the localization of these nuclei prior to electrode implantation can potentially reduce surgery times and increase success rates. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows us to study soft tissue structures, such as the brain, noninvasively, with high resolution, and without using ionizing radiation. More recently, the functional activity and connections within the brain can be visualized using MRI sequences that detect signals highly correlated with neuronal activity, a technique called functional MRI (fMRI). In this thesis we aimed to localize specific thalamic nuclei using fMRI, by looking at task-based activations (TB-fMRI) and functional connections in the resting state (RS-fMRI), between the thalamus and the sensory and motor cortices in ET and tremor-dominant PD patients, as well as in healthy controls. Results showed that TB-fMRI and RS-fMRI each localized the motor regions of the thalamus to >10mm from expected motor thalamus locations obtained from surgical lesion locations and literature reported locations. There were no differences in localized motor thalamus locations between groups using either fMRI technique. However, the motor thalamus was more distinctly separated from the sensory thalamus using TB-fMRI. This may ultimately result in a more accurate thalamic mapping process prior to thalamic lesioning or DBS electrode implantation, shorten resulting surgical times and improve overall surgical outcome.
Economics of Multifunctional Forestry in the Sámi People Homeland Region
Creators: name: Parkatti, Vesa-Pekka
name: Tahvonen, Olli
name: Parkatti, Vesa-Pekka
name: Tahvonen, Olli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Arctic Forestry
subject: Indigenous Peoples
subject: Sámi
subject: Continuous Cover Forestry
subject: Uneven‐Aged Forestry
subject: Carbon Sequestration
subject: Reindeer Husbandry
subject: Carbon Debt
subject: Payback Period

description: We study forestry in the Sámi people homeland region to understand an ongoing conflict between conventional forest logging and maintaining forests as reindeer pastures for indigenous people. We use a detailed model that simultaneously includes timber production, carbon storage in living biomass, deadwood and wood products, negative effects on reindeer husbandry, and a flexible optimization between rotation forestry (cf. clearcuts) and forestry that maintains continuous forest cover. We show that the profitability of conventional forestry is based on utilizing existing forest stands, an outcome that can be understood as forest capital mining. By varying the carbon price between €0 tCO2 and €40 tCO2, we show that the optimal solutions based on a 3% interest rate are always continuous cover forestry. A carbon price of €60 - €100tCO2 implies that it is optimal to give up timber production and utilize forests for carbon storage and reindeer pasture only. Given the present forest management practices and an old-growth forest as the initial state, the carbon choke price decreases to €14–€20 CO2. The optimal choice between timber production and utilizing forests purely for carbon storage and reindeer husbandry may depend on the initial forest state. The choice between maintaining old-growth forest and converting land to timber production, as determined by dynamic economic analysis, is incompatible with the frequently applied approach based on carbon debt and the carbon payback period.
Process Centered Software Development on Mobile Hosts
Creators: name: Skopp, Peter D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Computer science

description: Software Development Environments have traditionally relied upon a central project database and file repository, accessible to a programmer's workstation via a high speed local area network connection. The introduction of powerful mobile computers has demonstrated the need for a new model, which allows for variable bandwidth machines as well as transient network connectivity to assist programmers in product development. A new client-server model is introduced which minimizes network traffic when bandwidth is limited. To support disconnected operation, I propose a process-based checkout model by which process information and product files that may be needed during a planned period of dis-connectivity are pre-fetched with minimal user effort. Rather than selecting each file by hand, which is tedious and error-prone, the user only informs the environment of the portion of the software development process intended to be executed while disconnected. The environment is then responsible for pre-fetching the necessary files. It is hoped that these research efforts will enable programmers to continue working on a project without continuous high speed network access.
Electronic Heat Transport Across a Molecular Wire: Power Spectrum of Heat Fluctuations
Creators: name: Zhan, Fei
name: Denisov, Sergey
name: Hanggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With this study we analyze the fluctuations of an electronic only heat current across a molecular wire. The wire is composed of a single energy level which connects to two leads which are held at different temperatures. By use of the Green function method we derive the finite frequency power spectral density (PSD) of the emerging heat current fluctuations. This result assumes a form quite distinct from the power spectral density of the accompanying electric current noise. The complex expression simplifies considerably in the limit of zero frequency, yielding the heat noise intensity. The heat noise intensity still depends on the frequency in the zero-temperature limit, assuming different asymptotic behaviors in the low- and high-frequency regimes. These findings evidence that heat transport across molecular junctions can exhibit a rich structure beyond the common behavior which emerges in the linear response limit.
Colorado water, January/February 2014
Creators: name: Middleton, Lindsey A.
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the state's research universities.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Center. Special edition: South Platte groundwater.
Hadronic Parity Violation at Next-to-Leading Order
Creators: name: Tiburzi, B. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flavor-conserving non-leptonic weak interaction can be studied experimentally through the observation of parity violation in nuclear and few-body systems. At hadronic scales, matrix elements of parity-violating four-quark operators ultimately give rise to the parity violating couplings between hadrons, and such matrix elements can be calculated non-perturbatively using lattice QCD. In this work, we investigate the running of isovector parity-violating operators from the weak scale down to hadronic scales using the renormalization group. We work at next-to-leading order in the QCD coupling, and include both neutral-current and charged-current interactions. At this order, results are renormalization scheme dependent, and we utilize 't Hooft-Veltman dimensional regularization. The evolution of Wilson coefficients at leading and next-to-leading order is compared. Next-to-leading order effects are shown to be non-negligible at hadronic scales.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, v2: statements pertaining to isovector parity violation corrected, refs added, results unchanged
Additional file 1 of Covid-19 lockdown: Ethnic differences in children’s self-reported physical activity and the importance of leaving the home environment; a longitudinal and cross-sectional study from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study
Creators: name: Bingham, Daniel D.
name: Daly-Smith, Andy
name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Seims, Amanda
name: Dogra, Sufyan A.
name: Fairclough, Stuart J.
name: Ajebon, Mildred
name: Kelly, Brian
name: Hou, Bo
name: Shire, Katy A.
name: Crossley, Kirsty L.
name: Mon-Williams, Mark
name: Wright, John
name: Pickett, Kate
name: McEachan, Rosemary
name: Dickerson, Josie
name: Barber, Sally E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 2 of Covid-19 lockdown: Ethnic differences in children’s self-reported physical activity and the importance of leaving the home environment; a longitudinal and cross-sectional study from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study
Creators: name: Bingham, Daniel D.
name: Daly-Smith, Andy
name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Seims, Amanda
name: Dogra, Sufyan A.
name: Fairclough, Stuart J.
name: Ajebon, Mildred
name: Kelly, Brian
name: Hou, Bo
name: Shire, Katy A.
name: Crossley, Kirsty L.
name: Mon-Williams, Mark
name: Wright, John
name: Pickett, Kate
name: McEachan, Rosemary
name: Dickerson, Josie
name: Barber, Sally E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2.
A Case for P2P Delivery of Paid Content
Creators: name: Sherman, Alex
name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Nieh, Jason
name: Stein, Clifford S.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: P2P file sharing provides a powerful content distribution model by leveraging users' computing and bandwidth resources. However, companies have been reluctant to rely on P2P systems for paid content distribution due to their inability to limit the exploitation of these systems for free file sharing. We present TP2, a system that combines the more cost-effective and scalable distribution capabilities of P2P systems with a level of trust and control over content distribution similar to direct download content delivery networks. TP2 uses two key mechanisms that can be layered on top of existing P2P systems. First, it provides strong authentication to prevent free file sharing in the system. Second, it introduces a new notion of trusted auditors to detect and limit malicious attempts to gain information about participants in the system to facilitate additional out-of-band free file sharing. We analyze TP2 by modeling it as a novel game between malicious users who try to form free file sharing clusters and trusted auditors who curb the growth of such clusters. Our analysis shows that a small fraction of trusted auditors is sufficient to protect the P2P system against unauthorized file sharing. Using a simple economic model, we further show that TP2 provides a more cost-effective content distribution solution, resulting in higher profits for a content provider even in the presence of a large percentage of malicious users. Finally, we implemented TP2 on top of BitTorrent and use PlanetLab to show that our system can provide trusted P2P file sharing with negligible performance overhead.
Inward FDI in Finland and its policy context
Creators: name: Steinbock, Dan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: From independence to the collapse of the Soviet Union, inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) in Finland was either marginal (1917-1939) or insignificant (1945-early 1990s). Throughout this period, the success of Finland's core production clusters in forestry, metal engineering, chemicals, and plastics was based on exports, not IFDI (or outward FDI). However, with the end of the Cold War and the globalization of Finnish industries (especially the mobile communications cluster) in a period of strong export-led economic growth, IFDI in Finland took off rapidly from the mid-1990s. This period of growth came to an end with the global crisis of 2008-2009. In 2009, the Finnish economy shrank roughly by 8%, the sharpest plunge since the country's civil war in 1918. The recovery since 2010 has been relatively strong in comparison to that in most European Union (EU) economies, but Finland remains vulnerable to the Eurozone crisis. Today, IFDI is seen as an untapped resource, and the Finnish Government hopes to develop an IFDI promotion strategy in cooperation with the private sector and integrated with the national innovation system.
Isolobetyol, a new polyacetylene derivative from Platycodon grandiflorum root
Creators: name: Li, Wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A new polyacetylene, namely isolobetyol (1), was isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC., together with lobetyol (2), lobetyolin (3), and trans-2-hexenyl β-D-glucoside (4). The structures of the isolated natural products were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometric (HR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses. The obtained spectroscopic data was in good agreement with the data previously reported in the literature. The anti-proliferative effects of the isolated compounds were examined using the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line. Compounds 1–3 considerably reduced the proliferation of the PC-3 cells with IC50 values of 6.76, 12.72, and 5.73 μM, respectively.
Affect of film thickness on the blue photoluminescence from ZnO
Creators: name: Moore, J. C.
name: Covington, L. R.
name: Stansell, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zinc oxide (ZnO) films having various thicknesses were synthesized on sapphire substrates by thermal oxidation of Zn-metallic films in air ambient. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicate that the resulting films possess a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure without preferred orientation. For films having a thickness of 200 nm, crystal grain size was observed to decrease with increasing annealing temperature up to 600C, and then increase at higher temperatures. Thicker films demonstrated a modest increase in grain size as temperature increased from 300C to 1200C. The influence of film thickness on the optical properties was investigated using room temperature photoluminescence (PL). Specifically, PL spectra indicate four emission bands: excitonic ultraviolet, blue, and deep-level green and yellow emission. The strongest UV emission and narrowest full width at half maximum (0.09 eV) was observed for films having a thickness of 200 nm and annealed at low temperature (300C). The ratio of deep-level green emission to UV excitonic emission was observed to decrease with decreasing annealing temperature, which is attributed to the generation of fewer oxygen vacancies and interstitial oxygen ions in the bulk. As film thickness decreased, we observed the emergence of blue emission and a significant red shift (0.15 eV) in the bandgap. The emergence of blue emission and the corresponding decrease in emission associated with bulk defects when depletion width grows relative to the bulk suggests that the origin of the blue emission is related to the negatively charged Zinc interstitials found within the deletion region near the interface.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Studies of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Skin and Treated Split Thickness Skin Autografts
Creators: name: Tarraf, Samar Andrea
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Biomedical
subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: Split-thickness skin autografts (STSGs) are the gold standard treatment for full thickness burn wounds. Healthy skin from the patient is harvested and transplanted onto the wound. The graft, comprised of epidermis and superficial dermis, is missing cellular components adversely affecting functionality. One major contributor to reduced functionality is decreased elasticity. Understanding the biomechanical properties of grafts can help assess the efficacy of treatments. We hypothesize that combining STSGs with dermal stem cells could stimulate tissue remodeling, generation of neodermis and improve functionality. Coupling mechanics with microscopy assays gives a more encompassing understanding of the changes in mechanical properties. This study provides an initial comparison between skin tissue types and between graft treatments. We established differences between healthy and grafted skin and showed shortcomings of the xenograft model used. We also demonstrated the effects of graft treatment on mechanical response. Treatment cannot fully recover healthy skin behavior, but improves graft functionality.
Visual Surface Interpolation: A Comparison of Two Methods
Creators: name: Boult, Terrance E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: We critically compare 2 different methods for visual surface interpolation. One method uses the reproducing kernels of Hilbert spaces to construct a spline interpolating the data, such that this spline is of minimal norm. The other method, presented in Grimson (1981), recovers the surface of minimal norm by direct minimization of the norm with a gradient projection algorithm. We present the problem that each algorithm is attempting to solve, then briefly introduce both methods. The main contribution is an analysis of each algorithm in terms of the worst case running time (serial processor), space complexity, and rough estimates of the running time and space costs for massively parallel implementations. We then conclude with a discussion of the differences in the internal representation of the surface in both algorithms.
One- and two-neutron removal reactions from the most neutron-rich carbon isotopes
Creators: name: Kobayashi, N.
name: Nakamura, T.
name: Tostevin, J. A.
name: Kondo, Y.
name: Aoi, N.
name: Baba, H.
name: Deguchi, S.
name: Gibelin, J.
name: Ishihara, M.
name: Kawada, Y.
name: Kubo, T.
name: Motobayashi, T.
name: Ohnishi, T.
name: Orr, N. A.
name: Otsu, H.
name: Sakurai, H.
name: Satou, Y.
name: Simpson, E. C.
name: Sumikama, T.
name: Takeda, H.
name: Takechi, M.
name: Takeuchi, S.
name: Tanaka, K. N.
name: Tanaka, N.
name: Togano, Y.
name: Yoneda, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of $^{19,20,22}$C has been investigated using high-energy (about 240 MeV/nucleon) one- and two-neutron removal reactions on a carbon target. Measurements were made of the inclusive cross sections and momentum distributions for the charged residues. Narrow momentum distributions were observed for one-neutron removal from $^{19}$C and $^{20}$C and two-neutron removal from $^{22}$C. Two-neutron removal from $^{20}$C resulted in a relatively broad momentum distribution. The results are compared with eikonal-model calculations combined with shell-model structure information. The neutron-removal cross sections and associated momentum distributions are calculated for transitions to both the particle-bound and particle-unbound final states. The calculations take into account the population of the mass $A-1$ reaction residues, $^{A-1}$C, and, following one-neutron emission after one-neutron removal, the mass $A-2$ two-neutron removal residues, $^{A-2}$C. The smaller contributions of direct two-neutron removal, that populate the $^{A-2}$C residues in a single step, are also computed. The data and calculations are shown to be in good overall agreement and consistent with the predicted shell-model ground state configurations and the one-neutron overlaps with low-lying states in $^{18-21}$C. These suggest significant $ν{s}_{1/2}^2$ valence neutron configurations in both $^{20}$C and $^{22}$C. The results for $^{22}$C strongly support the picture of $^{22}$C as a two-neutron halo nucleus with a dominant $ν{s}_{1/2}^2$ ground state configuration.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Unifying Representation and Generalization: Understanding Hierarchically Structured Objects
Creators: name: Wasserman, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: Hierarchies are pervasive. They are used to organize and describe many artificial and natural phenomena. In general, humans are very good at understanding them. It therefore seems reasonable to give computers the same ability if they are to be "intelligent". The integration of representation and generalization is necessary in order to understand hierarchically structured objects. In this thesis we address the issues involved and present a scheme, MERGE, designed to be used in computer systems that understand and automatically classify instances of hierarchies in a given domain. The MERGE scheme uses a form of dynamic generalization-based memory in order to achieve this integration. Representations of individual hierarchies are stored in terms of how they vary from previously created generalized concepts. Memory is continually reorganized as new data becomes available to a MERGE-based system so that it accurately reflects the known information. The overall effect of this scheme is that representations of individual hierarchies are enhanced by the use of information in the knowledge base. These representations are in turn used to enhance the knowledge base by permitting more and better generalizations to be made. We have developed two MERGE-based computer systems that intelligently understand hierarchies. CORPORATE-RESEARCHER is a program that learns about upper-level corporate management hierarchies when it is fed representations of corporate charts. RESEARCHER is a larger, natural language processing program that reads and understands patent abstracts about physical objects. Both programs serve as intelligent information systems that automatically classify representations of instance hierarchies.