cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sex and the Lab: An Alcohol-Focused Commentary on the NIH Initiative to Balance Sex in Cell and Animal Studies
Creators: name: Egli, Mark
name: Davies, Daryl L.
name: Molina, Patricia
name: Sohrabji, Farida
name: Regunathan, Soundar
name: Robinson, Donita L.
name: Guizzetti, Marina
name: Finn, Deborah A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: In May 2014, Dr. Francis Collins, the director of US National Institutes of Health, and Dr. Janine Clayton, the director of the US National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) published a commentary in the journal Nature announcing new policies to ensure that preclinical research funded by the NIH consider both males and females. While these policies are still developing, they have already generated great interest by the scientific community and triggered both criticism and applause. This review provides a description and interpretation of the NIH guidelines and it traces the history that led to their implementation. As expected, this NIH initiative generated some anxiety in the scientific community. The use of female animals in the investigation of basic mechanisms is perceived to increase variability in the results, and the use of both sexes has been claimed to slow the pace of scientific discoveries and to increase the cost at a time characterized by declining research support.
An Empirical Analysis of Pricing in the U.S. Broiler and Pork Industries
Creators: name: Bolotova, Yuliya V.
name: Bolotova, Yuliya V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Antitrust
subject: broiler industry
subject: cartels
subject: margins
subject: pork industry
subject: price-fixing
subject: seller market power
subject: Sherman Act
subject: supply restrains

description: During the recent decade a group of large meat processors in the U.S. broiler and pork industries implemented a series of production control practices at various stages of the broiler and pork supply chains. Direct and indirect buyers of broilers and pork filed class action antitrust lawsuits alleging that by implementing these production control practices the meat processors engaged in unlawful conspiracies with the purpose of fixing, increasing, and stabilizing prices of broilers and pork and thus violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The research presented in the paper conducts an econometric analysis of price behavior in the U.S. broiler and pork industries during the periods of alleged price-fixing cartels and prior (more competitive) periods. The empirical evidence presented in the paper suggests the following. The wholesale pricing of pork by pork processors is consistent with an oligopoly pricing during both the pre-cartel and cartel periods. The retail pricing of pork by food retailers is consistent with a perfectly competitive pricing during both analyzed periods. The retail pricing of broilers by food retailers is consistent with a monopoly pricing during the pre-cartel period and with a monopoly and an oligopoly pricing during the cartel period.
Additional file 2 of Interventions for the empowerment of older people and informal caregivers in transitional care decision-making: short report of a systematic review
Creators: name: Kraun, Lotan
name: De Vliegher, Kristel
name: Ellen, Moriah
name: van Achterberg, Theo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Quality assessment of the included studies using the JBI appraisal instruments.
Social Desirability Response Bias and Other Factors That May Influence Self-Reports of Substance Use and HIV Risk Behaviors: A Qualitative Study of Drug Users in Vietnam
Creators: name: Minh, Nguyen Le
name: Sripaipan, Teerada
name: Latkin, Carl A.
name: Morales, Giuliana
name: Ha, Tran Viet
name: Zelaya, Carla
name: Go, Vivian F.
name: Mai, Nguyen Vu Tuyet
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The accuracy of self-report data may be marred by a range of cognitive and motivational biases, including social desirability response bias. The current study used qualitative interviews to examine self-report response biases among participants in a large randomized clinical trial in Vietnam. A sample of study participants were reinterviewed. The vast majority reported being truthful and emphasized the importance of rapport with the study staff for achieving veridical data. However, some stated that rapport may lead to under reporting of risk behaviors in order not to disappoint study staff. Other factors that appeared to influence accuracy of self-reports include fear that the information may be divulged, desire to enroll in the study, length of the survey, and memory. There are several methods that can be employed to reduce response biases, and future studies should systematically address response bias and include methods to assess approaches and survey items are effective in improving accuracy of self-report data.
Systematic Assessment of Linkage to Care for Persons with HIV Released from Corrections Facilities Using Existing Datasets
Creators: name: Sammartino, Cara
name: Gutman, Roee
name: Montague, Brian T.
name: Costa, Michael
name: Rosen, David L.
name: Solomon, Liza
name: Rich, Josiah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Populations in corrections continue to have high prevalence of HIV. Expanded testing and treatment programs allow persons to be identified and stabilized on treatment while incarcerated. However, these gains and frequently lost on reentry. Systemic frameworks are needed to monitor linkage to care to guide programs supporting linkage to care. To assess the adequacy of linkage to care on reentry, incarceration data from the National Corrections Reporting Program and data from the Ryan White Services Report from 2010 to 2012 were linked using an encrypted client identification (eUCI). Time from release to the first visit and presence of detectable HIV RNA at linkage were assessed. Multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify associations between patient characteristics and time to linkage. Among those linking, only 43% in Rhode Island and 49% in North Carolina linked within 90 days, and 33% in both states had detectable viremia at the first visit. Those not previously in care and with shorter incarceration experiences longer linkage times. Persons identified as black, had median times greater than 1 year. Using existing datasets, significant gaps in linkage to care for persons with HIV on release from corrections were demonstrated in Rhode Island and North Carolina. Systemically implementing this monitoring to evaluate changes over time would provide important information to support interventions to improve linkage in high-risk populations. Using national datasets for both corrections and clinical data, this framework equally could be used to evaluate experiences of persons with HIV linking to care on release from corrections facilities nationwide.
Persistent adaptation by chronic alcohol is facilitated by neuroimmune activation linked to stress and CRF
Creators: name: Knapp, Darin J.
name: Breese, George R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This review updates the conceptual basis for the association of alcohol abuse with an insidious adaptation that facilitates negative affect during withdrawal from chronic intermittent alcohol (CIA) exposure – a change that later supports sensitization of stress-induced anxiety following alcohol abstinence. The finding that a CRF1-receptor antagonist (CRF1RA) minimized CIA withdrawal-induced negative affect supported an association of alcohol withdrawal with a stress mechanism. The finding that repeated stresses or multiple CRF injections into selected brain sites prior to a single 5-day chronic alcohol (CA) exposure induced anxiety during withdrawal provided critical support for a linkage of CIA withdrawal with stress. The determination that CRF1RA injection into positive CRF-sensitive brain sites prevented CIA withdrawal-induced anxiety provided support that neural path integration maintains the persistent CIA adaptation. Based upon reports that stress increases neuroimmune function, an effort was undertaken to test whether cytokines would support the adaptation induced by stress/CA exposure. Twenty-four hours after withdrawal from CIA, cytokine mRNAs were found to be increased in cortex as well as other sites in brain. Further, repeated cytokine injections into previously identified brain sites substituted for stress and CRF induction of anxiety during CA withdrawal. Discovery that a CRF1RA prevented the brain cytokine mRNA increase induced by CA withdrawal provided critical evidence for CRF involvement in this neuroimmune induction after CA withdrawal. However, the CRF1RA did not block the stress increase in cytokine mRNA increases in controls. The latter data supported the hypothesis that distinct mechanisms linked to stress and CA withdrawal can support common neuroimmune functions within a brain site. As evidence evolves concerning neural involvement in brain neuroimmune function, a better understanding of the progressive adaptation associated with CIA exposure will advance new knowledge that could possibly lead to strategies to combat alcohol abuse.
Configuration interaction in delta-doped heterostructures
Creators: name: Rozhansky, Igor
name: Averkiev, Nikita
name: Lahderanta, Erkki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the tunnel coupling between an impurity state located in a $δ$-layer and the 2D delocalized states in the quantum well (QW) located at a few nanometers from the $δ$ -- layer. The problem is formulated in terms of Anderson-Fano model as configuration interaction between the carrier bound state at the impurity and the continuum of delocalized states in the QW. An effect of this interaction on the interband optical transitions in the QW is analyzed. The results are discussed regarding the series of experiments on the GaAs structures with a $δ$-Mn layer.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1111.0899
The Genetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Creators: name: Eberhart, Johann K.
name: Parnell, Scott E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) defines the full range of ethanol-induced birth defects. Numerous variables influence the phenotypic outcomes of embryonic ethanol exposure. Among these variables, genetics appears to play an important role yet our understanding of the genetic predisposition to FASD is still in its infancy.
Additional file 3 of Detection and genetic characterization of enteric viruses in diarrhoea outbreaks from swine farms in Spain
Creators: name: Puente, Héctor
name: Arguello, Héctor
name: Cortey, Martí
name: Gómez-García, Manuel
name: Mencía-Ares, Oscar
name: Pérez-Perez, Lucía
name: Díaz, Ivan
name: Carvajal, Ana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Summary of the results of next generation sequencing (NGS) in 14 selected faecal samples. C, consensus sequence (whole genome obtained or near complete genome, >90%); P, partial sequence (less than 90% genome covered) and T, traces (less than 10% of the genome covered). N is the number of viruses detectedper sample. An asterisk indicates PEDV genomes that were already published [8].
Das Beil und seine typischen Formen in vorgeschichtlicher Zeit, ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Beiles von W. Osborne
Creators: name: Koenen, Constantin
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Das Beil und seine typischen Formen in vorgeschichtlicher Zeit, ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Beiles von W. Osborne. Warnatz und Lehmann, Hofbuchhändler. Dresden 1887. 4° mit 19 Tafeln in Lithographie.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 84 (1887): Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande
Eleusis rufipennis IRMLER 2017
Creators: name: Irmler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Eleusis
Eleusis rufipennis

description: Eleusis rufipennis IRMLER, 2017 Mexico: Oaxaca, 14 mi S Suchixtepec (16°05'N, 96°28'W), Hwy 175, montane tropical, 1700 m elev., under bark fermenting sap, male, 30.4.1977, leg. J.S. Ashe, #FMHD77- 399 (FMNH). Remarks to distribution: According to IRMLER (2017) only the two type specimens were known, which originated from Costa Rica. The new specimen from Mexico seems to be identical with these specimens concerning the aedeagus, size and coloration but differs slightly in the shape of the head. The head is slightly more elongate with longer postocular space. However, due to the overall infraspecific variability of the head shape in the genus, the specimen was identified as E. rufipennis IRMLER, 2017. Thus, the species seems to be rare but widely distributed from southern Central America to the tropical areas of Mexico.
description: Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2019, Additions to the Neotropical species of the genusEleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osorinae), pp. 71-77 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 69 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.071-077, http://zenodo.org/record/5212498
description: {"references": ["IRMLER, U. 2017: The Neotropical species of the genus Eleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of the new genus Eleusima (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae). - Contributions to Entomology 67: 275 - 318. - DOI: 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 67.2.275 - 318."]}
PRECISION NUTRITION UNLEASHED: THE S=A⊕B FORMULA AND THE FUTURE OF NUTRIENT ABSORPTION RESEARCH
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: nutrient absorption
precision nutrition
dietary assessment
acceptance criteria
nutritional science
personalized nutrition
innovative methodology
interdisciplinary collaboration
future developments
S=A⊕B Formula

description: This article explores the revolutionary impact of the S=A⊕B formula in the realm of nutritional science, focusing on its ability to provide a nuanced understanding of nutrient absorption from ingested food. The formula integrates traditional summation (A) with dynamic acceptance criteria (B), offering a comprehensive approach that surpasses the limitations of conventional methods. Through case studies and practical applications, we demonstrate the formula's adaptability and efficacy across diverse dietary scenarios. While acknowledging the formula's potential, we critically examine challenges related to formulating acceptance criteria and emphasize the need for continuous refinement in the evolving landscape of nutritional science. Looking ahead, we discuss future prospects, including the integration of cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary collaborations, heralding a new era of precision nutrition and improved health outcomes. In conclusion, the S=A⊕B formula stands as a beacon of innovation, promising advancements in nutritional science that will enhance our understanding of human nutrition and well-being.
 
Dieser Artikel untersucht die revolutionäre Wirkung der S=A⊕B-Formel im Bereich der Ernährungswissenschaft und konzentriert sich dabei auf ihre Fähigkeit, ein differenziertes Verständnis der Nährstoffaufnahme aus der aufgenommenen Nahrung zu liefern. Die Formel integriert die traditionelle Summierung (A) mit dynamischen Akzeptanzkriterien (B) und bietet so einen umfassenden Ansatz, der die Einschränkungen herkömmlicher Methoden überschreitet. Anhand von Fallstudien und praktischen Anwendungen demonstrieren wir die Anpassungsfähigkeit und Wirksamkeit der Formel in verschiedenen Ernährungsszenarien. Während wir das Potenzial der Formel anerkennen, prüfen wir kritisch die Herausforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Formulierung von Akzeptanzkriterien und betonen die Notwendigkeit einer kontinuierlichen Verfeinerung in der sich entwickelnden Landschaft der Ernährungswissenschaft. Mit Blick auf die Zukunft besprechen wir Zukunftsaussichten, einschließlich der Integration modernster Technologien und interdisziplinärer Kooperationen, die eine neue Ära der Präzisionsernährung und verbesserter Gesundheitsergebnisse einläuten. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die S=A⊕B-Formel ein Leuchtturm der Innovation ist und Fortschritte in der Ernährungswissenschaft verspricht, die unser Verständnis der menschlichen Ernährung und des Wohlbefindens verbessern werden.
Identical classical particles: half fermions and half bosons
Creators: name: Töppel, Falk
name: Aiello, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of particle indistinguishability for the three cases known in nature: identical classical particles, identical bosons and identical fermions. By exploiting the fact that different types of particles are associated with Hilbert space vectors with different symmetries, we establish some relations between the expectation value of several different operators, as the particle number one and the interparticle correlation one, evaluated for states of a pair of identical (a) classical particles, (b) bosons and (c) fermions. We find that the quantum behavior of a pair of identical classical particles has exactly half fermionic and half bosonic characteristics.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Cellular GABAergic Neuroactive Steroid (3α,5α)-3-Hydroxy-Pregnan-20-One (3α,5α-THP) Immunostaining Levels Are Increased in the Ventral Tegmental Area of Human Alcohol Use Disorder Patients: A Postmortem Study
Creators: name: Hasirci, Ahmet Sait
name: Maldonado-Devincci, Antoniette M.
name: O'Buckley, Todd K.
name: Beattie, Matthew C.
name: Morrow, A. Leslie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The GABAergic neuroactive steroid (3α,5α)-3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP, allopregnanolone) enhances GABAergic activity and produces subjective effects similar to ethanol. The effect of chronic alcohol exposure on 3α,5α-THP concentrations has been studied in mouse, rat, and monkey limbic brain areas. Chronic ethanol exposure produced divergent brain region and cell specific changes in 3α,5α-THP concentrations in animal studies. However, 3α,5α-THP levels in similar human brain regions have never been examined in individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Therefore, we used immunohistochemistry to examine 3α,5α-THP levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra pars medialis (SNM), and amygdala of human postmortem brains of patients diagnosed with AUD compared to social drinkers. The effects of sex and liver disease on 3α,5α-THP concentrations were examined in the aforementioned brain regions.
Bibliothek / Bibliothèque
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte (DFK Paris): Jahresbericht / Rapport annuel
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte (DFK Paris): Jahresbericht / Rapport annuel, Jahresbericht / Rapport annuel 2016/2017
Additional file 1 of Effects of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Dost, Burhan
name: De Cassai, Alessandro
name: Balzani, Eleonora
name: Tulgar, Serkan
name: Ahiskalioglu, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary material 1. Search strategy.
PYTHON-POWERED PARADIGM - REVOLUTIONIZING INTERSTELLAR KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE WITH S=A⊕B FORMULA INTEGRATION
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: python
interstellar knowledge exchange
dynamic adaptation
modularity
package system
compatibility
collaborative development
illustrative examples
future directions
S=A⊕B Formula

description: This article explores a groundbreaking approach to interstellar knowledge exchange through the integration of Python elements into the S=A⊕B formula. Leveraging the inherent flexibility and modularity of the Python programming language, this novel methodology introduces dynamic adaptation and intelligent package switching within the variable B, significantly enhancing the formula's adaptability and functionality. The article delves into the challenges and solutions associated with implementing a package system, emphasizing the importance of versioning, compatibility, and collaborative development. Illustrative examples showcase the practicality and versatility of Python packages in tailoring the formula to diverse interstellar scenarios. The future of the Python-integrated S=A⊕B formula holds promising directions, suggesting synergistic collaborations with emerging Python technologies and frameworks for continued advancement and applicability.
Dieser Artikel untersucht einen bahnbrechenden Ansatz für den interstellaren Wissensaustausch durch die Integration von Python-Elementen in die S=A⊕B-Formel. Diese neuartige Methodik nutzt die inhärente Flexibilität und Modularität der Programmiersprache Python und führt dynamische Anpassung und intelligente Paketumschaltung innerhalb der Variablen B ein, wodurch die Anpassungsfähigkeit und Funktionalität der Formel erheblich verbessert wird. Der Artikel befasst sich mit den Herausforderungen und Lösungen, die mit der Implementierung eines Paketsystems verbunden sind, und betont die Bedeutung von Versionierung, Kompatibilität und kollaborativer Entwicklung. Anschauliche Beispiele veranschaulichen die Praktikabilität und Vielseitigkeit von Python-Paketen bei der Anpassung der Formel an verschiedene interstellare Szenarien. Die Zukunft der in Python integrierten S=A⊕B-Formel weist vielversprechende Richtungen auf und legt synergistische Kooperationen mit neuen Python-Technologien und -Frameworks für eine weitere Weiterentwicklung und Anwendbarkeit nahe.
Observation of new microsecond isomers among fission products of 345 MeV/nucleon 238U
Creators: name: Kameda, D.
name: Kubo, T.
name: Ohnishi, T.
name: Kusaka, K.
name: Yoshida, A.
name: Yoshida, K.
name: Ohtake, M.
name: Fukuda, N.
name: Takeda, H.
name: Tanaka, K.
name: Inabe, N.
name: Yanagisawa, Y.
name: Gono, Y.
name: Watanabe, H.
name: Otsu, H.
name: Baba, H.
name: Ichihara, T.
name: Yamaguchi, Y.
name: Takechi, M.
name: Nishimura, S.
name: Ueno, H.
name: Yoshimi, A.
name: Sakurai, H.
name: Motobayashi, T.
name: Nakao, T.
name: Mizoi, Y.
name: Matsushita, M.
name: Ieki, K.
name: Kobayashi, N.
name: Tanaka, K.
name: Kawada, Y.
name: Tanaka, N.
name: Deguchi, S.
name: Satou, Y.
name: Kondo, Y.
name: Nakamura, T.
name: Yoshinaga, K.
name: Ishii, C.
name: Yoshii, H.
name: Miyashita, Y.
name: Uematsu, N.
name: Shiraki, Y.
name: Sumikama, T.
name: Chiba, J.
name: Ideguchi, E.
name: Saito, A.
name: Yamaguchi, T.
name: Hachiuma, I.
name: Suzuki, T.
name: Moriguchi, T.
name: Ozawa, A.
name: Ohtsubo, T.
name: Famiano, M. A.
name: Geissel, H.
name: Nettleton, A. S.
name: Tarasov, O. B.
name: Bazin, D.
name: Sherrill, B. M.
name: Manikonda, S. L.
name: Nolen, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for isomeric gamma-decays among fission fragments from 345 MeV/nucleon 238U has been performed at the RIKEN Nishina Center RI Beam Factory. Fission fragments were selected and identified using the superconducting in-flight separator BigRIPS and were implanted in an aluminum stopper. Delayed gamma-rays were detected using three clover-type high-purity germanium detectors located at the focal plane within a time window of 20 microseconds following the implantation. We identified a total of 54 microsecond isomers with half-lives of ~0.1 - 10 microseconds, including discovery of 18 new isomers in very neutron-rich nuclei: 59Tim, 90Asm, 92Sem, 93Sem, 94Brm, 95Brm, 96Brm, 97Rbm, 108Nbm, 109Mom, 117Rum, 119Rum, 120Rhm, 122Rhm, 121Pdm, 124Pdm, 124Agm and 126Agm, and obtained a wealth of spectroscopic information such as half-lives, gamma-ray energies, gamma-ray relative intensities and gamma-gamma coincidences over a wide range of neutron-rich exotic nuclei. Proposed level schemes are presented for 59Tim, 82Gam, 92Brm, 94Brm, 95Brm, 97Rbm, 98Rbm, 108Nbm, 108Zrm, 109Mom, 117Rum, 119Rum, 120Rhm, 122Rhm, 121Pdm, 124Agm and 125Agm, based on the obtained spectroscopic information and the systematics in neighboring nuclei. Nature of the nuclear isomerism is discussed in relation to evolution of nuclear structure.
On the Consistency of the Consistent Histories Approach to Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Okon, Elias
name: Sudarsky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Consistent Histories (CH) formalism aims at a quantum mechanical framework which could be applied even to the universe as a whole. CH stresses the importance of histories for quantum mechanics, as opposed to measurements, and maintains that a satisfactory formulation of quantum mechanics allows one to assign probabilities to alternative histories of a quantum system. It further proposes that each realm, that is, each set of histories to which probabilities can be assigned, provides a valid quantum-mechanical account, but that different realms can be mutually incompatible. Finally, some of its proponents offer an "evolutionary" explanation of our existence in the universe and of our preference for quasiclassical descriptions of nature. The present work questions the validity of claims offered by CH proponents asserting that it solves many interpretational problems in quantum mechanics. In particular, we point out that the interpretation of the framework leaves vague two crucial points, namely, whether realms are fixed or chosen and the link between measurements and histories. Our claim is that by doing so, CH overlooks the main interpretational problems of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, we challenge the evolutionary explanation offered and we critically examine the proposed notion of a realm-dependent reality.
description: 20 pages
Additional file 1 of Enhancing potential impact of hospital discharge interventions for patients with COPD: a qualitative systematic review
Creators: name: Nygård, Torbjørn
name: Wright, David
name: Nazar, Hamde
name: Haavik, Svein
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Study on Conventional vs. Convolutional Windows for Reduction of Side Lobes
Creators: name: N. Adithya Valli
name: D. Elizabath Rani
name: C. Kavitha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Traditional
convolution windows
LFM
PSLR

description: The purpose of this research is to analyze convolutional windows and compare their performance to that of traditional windows. The window is convoluted on its own to create convolutional windows. These new windows are used to create a pseudo-LFM signal utilising two stage piece wise linear frequency functions. The proposed LFM signal was simulated using both traditional and convolutional window functions, and it was discovered that convolutional windows produce better peak to side lobe level ratio (PSLR) values than traditional windows.
Anatomy of flavour-changing Z couplings in models with partial compositeness
Creators: name: Straub, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In models with partially composite quarks, the couplings of quarks to the Z boson generically receive non-universal corrections that are not only constrained by electroweak precision tests but also lead to flavour-changing neutral currents at tree level. The impact of these flavour-changing couplings on rare K and B decays is studied in two-site models for three scenarios: an anarchic strong sector with two different choices of fermion representations both leading to a custodial protection of the Z->bb coupling, and for a strong sector invariant under a U(2)^3 flavour symmetry. In the complete numerical analysis, all relevant constraints from Delta(F)=2 processes are taken into account. In all scenarios, visible effects in rare K and B decays like K->pi nu anti-nu, B(s)->mu+mu- and B->K*mu+mu- are possible that can be scrutinized experimentally in the near future. Characteristic correlations between observables allow to distinguish the different cases. To sample the large parameter space of the anarchic models, a new method is presented that allows larger statistics than conventional approaches.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures. v2: minor clarifications, conclusions unchanged. Matches journal version
Additional file 2 of Effects of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Dost, Burhan
name: De Cassai, Alessandro
name: Balzani, Eleonora
name: Tulgar, Serkan
name: Ahiskalioglu, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary material 2. Funnel plots for the postoperative opioid consumption at 24 hours.
Multi-partite $W-$type state is determined by its single particle reduced density matrices
Creators: name: Yu, Nengkun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short note, we show that multi-partite $W$-type state is up to local unitaries uniquely determined by its reduced density matrices.
description: Comments are welcome
Memory Effects in Spontaneous Emission Processes
Creators: name: Grimsmo, Arne L.
name: Vaskinn, Asle H.
name: Rekdal, Per K.
name: Skagerstam, Bo-Sture K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantum-mechanical analysis of spontaneous emission in terms of an effective two-level system with a vacuum decay rate $Γ_0$ and transition angular frequency $ω_A$. Our analysis is in principle exact, even though presented as a numerical solution of the time-evolution including memory effects. The results so obtained are confronted with previous discussions in the literature. In terms of the {\it dimensionless} lifetime $τ= tΓ_0$ of spontaneous emission, we obtain deviations from exponential decay of the form ${\cal O} (1/τ)$ for the decay amplitude as well as the previously obtained asymptotic behaviors of the form ${\cal O} (1/τ^2)$ or ${\cal O} (1/τ\ln^2τ)$ for $τ\gg 1 $. The actual asymptotic behavior depends on the adopted regularization procedure as well as on the physical parameters at hand. We show that for any reasonable range of $τ$ and for a sufficiently large value of the required angular frequency cut-off $ω_c$ of the electro-magnetic fluctuations, i.e. $ω_c \gg ω_A$, one obtains either a ${\cal O} (1/τ)$ or a ${\cal O} (1/τ^2)$ dependence. In the presence of physical boundaries, which can change the decay rate with many orders of magnitude, the conclusions remains the same after a suitable rescaling of parameters.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures and 46 references
Additional file 2 of Enhancing potential impact of hospital discharge interventions for patients with COPD: a qualitative systematic review
Creators: name: Nygård, Torbjørn
name: Wright, David
name: Nazar, Hamde
name: Haavik, Svein
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Additional file 3 of Effects of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Dost, Burhan
name: De Cassai, Alessandro
name: Balzani, Eleonora
name: Tulgar, Serkan
name: Ahiskalioglu, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary material 3. Risk of bias assessment.
Dynamical trapping and relaxation of scalar gravitational fields
Creators: name: Wang, C. H. -T.
name: Hodson, A. O.
name: Murphy, A. St J.
name: Davies, T. B.
name: Mendonca, J. T.
name: Bingham, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a framework for nonlinearly coupled scalar-tensor theory of gravity to address both inflation and core-collapse supernova problems. The unified approach is based on a novel dynamical trapping and relaxation of scalar gravity in highly energetic regimes. The new model provides a viable alternative mechanism of inflation free from various issues known to affect previous proposals. Furthermore, it could be related to observable violent astronomical events, specifically by releasing a significant amount of additional gravitational energy during core-collapse supernovae. A recent experiment at CERN relevant for testing this new model is briefly outlined.
description: 4 pages; version to appear in PLB
Delayed anaphylaxis to alpha-gal, an oligosaccharide in mammalian meat
Creators: name: Commins, Scott P.
name: Cox, Kelly
name: Erickson, Loren D.
name: Platts-Mills, Thomas
name: Jerath, Maya R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: IgE-mediated hypersensitivity refers to immune reactions that can be rapidly progressing and, in the case of anaphylaxis, are occasionally fatal. To that end, identification of the associated allergen is important for facilitating both education and allergen avoidance that are essential to long-term risk reduction. As the number of known exposures associated with anaphylaxis is limited, discovery of novel causative agents is crucial to evaluation and management of patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis. Within the last 10 years several apparently separate observations were recognized to be related, all of which resulted from the development of antibodies to a carbohydrate moiety on proteins. Interestingly, the exposure differed from airborne allergens but was nevertheless capable of producing anaphylactic and hypersensitivity reactions. Our recent work has identified these responses as being due to a novel IgE antibody directed against a mammalian oligosaccharide epitope, galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (“alpha-gal”). This review will present the historical summary of the identification of cetuximab hypersensitivity due to alpha-gal IgE and discuss the non-primate mammalian meat food allergy as well as current goals and directions of our research programs.
Cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior is associated with increased CaMKII T286 phosphorylation in the reward pathway of mice
Creators: name: Psilos, Kelly E.
name: Hodge, Clyde W.
name: Hodge, Christopher J.
name: Faccidomo, Sara P.
name: Eastman, Vallari R.
name: Salling, Michael C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking is a hallmark behavioral pathology of addiction. Evidence suggests that reinstatement (e.g., relapse), may be regulated by cell signaling systems that underlie neuroplasticity. A variety of plasticity events require activation of calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in components of the reward pathway, such as the nucleus accumbens and amygdala. We sought to determine if cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior is associated with changes in the activation state (e.g., phosphorylation) of CaMKII-T286. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 14) were trained to lever press on a fixed-ratio-4 schedule of sweetened alcohol (2% sucrose + 9% EtOH) reinforcement. After 14-d of extinction (no cues or reinforcers), mice underwent a response-contingent reinstatement (n = 7) vs. an additional day of extinction (n = 7). Brains were removed immediately after the test and processed for evaluation of pCaMKII-T286 immunoreactivity (IR). Number of pCaMKII-T286 positive cells/mm2 was quantified from coronal brain sections using Bioquant Image Analysis software. Mice emitted significantly more responses on the alcohol vs. the inactive lever throughout the baseline phase with average alcohol intake of 1.1 ± 0.03 g/kg/1-h. During extinction, responses on the alcohol lever decreased to inactive lever levels by day 7. Significant cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking was observed during a single test with no effects on the inactive lever. Reinstatement was associated with increased pCaMKII-T286 IR specifically in amygdala (LA and BLA), nucleus accumbens (AcbSh), lateral septum, mediodorsal thalamus, and piriform cortex as compared to extinction control. Brain regions showing no change included the dorsal striatum, medial septum, cingulate cortex, habenula, paraventricular thalamus, and ventral hypothalamus. These results show response contingent cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior is associated with selective increases in pCaMKII-T286 in specific reward- and memory-related brain regions of male C57BL/6J mice. Primary molecular mechanisms of associative learning and memory may regulate relapse in alcohol addiction.
Quantum simulations of the early universe
Creators: name: Opanchuk, Bogdan
name: Polkinghorne, Rodney
name: Fialko, Oleksandr
name: Brand, Joachim
name: Drummond, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A procedure is described whereby a linearly coupled spinor Bose condensate can be used as a physically accessible quantum simulator of the early universe. In particular, an experiment to generate an analog of an unstable vacuum in a relativistic scalar field theory is proposed. This is related to quantum theories of the inflationary phase of the early universe. There is an unstable vacuum sector whose dynamics correspond to the quantum sine-Gordon equations in one, two or three space dimensions. Numerical simulations of the expected behavior are reported using a truncated Wigner phase-space method, giving evidence for the dynamical formation of complex spatial clusters. Preliminary results showing the dependence on coupling strength, condensate size and dimensionality are obtained.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Determination of accounting tasks in accordance with the strategic goal of the enterprise
Creators: name: LALAKULYCH, M. Yu.
name: YUHAS, E. F.
name: SIMOCHKO, M. I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The subject of the study is the definition of accounting tasks in accordance with the strategic goal
of the enterprise.
The purpose of the study is to determine the stages of the process of strategic management of
the enterprise in the context of determining the tasks of accounting.
Research methods. The work uses the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, the method of
analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, and the method of summarizing data.
Work results. The article reflects the main stages of the management cycle. The determining role
of accounting information in establishing the enterprise's goals and developing a way to achieve them,
i.e. strategy, is substantiated. A list of principles of strategic management is defined.
Conclusions. It was established that the process of strategic management is limited to a certain
management cycle and includes several stages: 1st stage – a complex process of strategic planning,
in particular, the process of strategy development; 2nd stage – strategy implementation; 3rd stage –
control over the implementation of the strategy;4th stage– strategy adjustment. The determining role
of accounting information in establishing the enterprise's goals and developing a way to achieve them, i.e. strategy, is substantiated. Based on the definition of the list of principles of strategic management, the
importance of the implementation of the principle of accounting and reconciliation of external and internal
factors of the enterprise's development was revealed in the implementation of strategic management. It
has been established that the market behavior strategy adopted by the management directly influences
on the content and organization of accounting at the enterprise. Based on this, the tasks of the accounting
system are determined in accordance with the strategy chosen by the enterprise.
Maternal choline supplementation in a sheep model of first trimester binge alcohol fails to protect against brain volume reductions in peripubertal lambs
Creators: name: Goodlett, Charles R.
name: Cudd, Tim A.
name: Washburn, Shannon E.
name: Paniagua, Beatriz
name: Styner, Martin A.
name: Lenox, Mark W.
name: Birch, Sharla M.
name: Kornegay, Joe N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a leading potentially preventable birth defect. Poor nutrition may contribute to adverse developmental outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure, and supplementation of essential micronutrients such as choline has shown benefit in rodent models. The sheep model of first-trimester binge alcohol exposure was used in this study to model the dose of maternal choline supplementation used in an ongoing prospective clinical trial involving pregnancies at risk for FASD. Primary outcome measures included volumetrics of the whole brain, cerebellum, and pituitary derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 6-month-old lambs, testing the hypothesis that alcohol-exposed lambs would have brain volume reductions that would be ameliorated by maternal choline supplementation. Pregnant sheep were randomly assigned to one of five groups – heavy binge alcohol (HBA; 2.5 g/kg/treatment ethanol), heavy binge alcohol plus choline supplementation (HBC; 2.5 g/kg/treatment ethanol and 10 mg/kg/day choline), saline control (SC), saline control plus choline supplementation (SCC; 10 mg/kg/day choline), and normal control (NC). Ewes were given intravenous alcohol (HBA, HBC; mean peak BACs of ~280 mg/dL) or saline (SC, SCC) on three consecutive days per week from gestation day (GD) 4–41; choline was administered on GD 4–148. MRI scans of lamb brains were performed postnatally on day 182. Lambs from both alcohol groups (with or without choline) showed significant reductions in total brain volume; cerebellar and pituitary volumes were not significantly affected. This is the first report of MRI-derived volumetric brain reductions in a sheep model of FASD following binge-like alcohol exposure during the first trimester. These results also indicate that maternal choline supplementation comparable to doses in human studies fails to prevent brain volume reductions typically induced by first-trimester binge alcohol exposure. Future analyses will assess behavioral outcomes along with regional brain and neurohistological measures.
Effects of baseline abdominal pain and bloating on response to lubiprostone in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
Creators: name: Drossman,
name: Lichtlen,
name: Chang,
name: Losch-Beridon,
name: Wang,
name: Mareya,
name: Chey,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Lubiprostone (8 μg b.d.) received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2008 for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) in women aged ≥18 years. In 2012, the FDA issued new guidance for IBS-C clinical trials, recommending a composite endpoint incorporating both abdominal pain and stool frequency.

AIM: In a post hoc analysis, similar criteria were applied to data from two pivotal, phase 3, double-blind, randomised trials of lubiprostone in patients with IBS-C.

METHODS: Included patients had a baseline spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) frequency <3/week and abdominal pain or bloating ratings ≥1.36 on a 5-point scale [0 (absent) to 4 (very severe)]. Responders (composite endpoint) had a mean pain reduction ≥30% compared with baseline, and an increase from baseline of ≥1 SBM/week for ≥6 of the 12 treatment weeks. Lubiprostone effects on abdominal pain alone were also evaluated, as were bloating alone and in a composite endpoint with stool frequency.

RESULTS: In pooled data, 325 patients received lubiprostone and 180 received placebo. Rates of response were higher with lubiprostone vs. placebo for the composite endpoint of improved pain and stool frequency (26.3% vs. 15.3%, respectively; P = 0.008) and the composite endpoint of improved bloating and stool frequency (23.8% vs. 12.6%, respectively; P = 0.012). Response rates were also higher with lubiprostone vs. placebo for abdominal pain alone (P = 0.005) and bloating alone (P = 0.012).

CONCLUSION: Lubiprostone was significantly more effective than placebo in improving abdominal pain or bloating, and also in composite endpoints that included stool frequency.
Additional file 1 of Syrian medical students’ acceptance of peer physical examination and its associating factors: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Soqia, Jameel
name: Shamaa, Mohamad Ashraf
name: Alhomsi, Dima
name: Yakoub-Agha, Laila
name: Alameer, Mhd Basheer
name: Alhomsi, Rawan
name: Hakok, Mohmad Nour
name: Khalil, Rim
name: Zaitouna, Mazen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.