cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The role of viscosity contrast on plume structure in laboratory modeling of mantle convection
Creators: name: Prakash, Vivek N.
name: Sreenivas, K. R.
name: Arakeri, Jaywant H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted laboratory experiments to model important aspects of plumes in mantle convection. We focus on the role of the viscosity ratio U (between the ambient fluid and the plume fluid) in determining the plume structure and dynamics. In our experiments, we are able to capture geophysical convection regimes relevant to mantle convection both for hot spots (when U > 1) and plate-subduction (when U < 1) regimes. The planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique is used for flow visualization and characterizing the plume structures. The convection is driven by compositional buoyancy generated by the perfusion of lighter fluid across a permeable mesh and the viscosity ratio U is systematically varied over a range from 1/300 to 2500. The planform, near the bottom boundary for U=1, exhibits a well-known dendritic line plume structure. As the value of U is increased, a progressive morphological transition is observed from the dendritic-plume structure to discrete spherical plumes, accompanied with thickening of the plumes and an increase in the plume spacing. In the vertical section, mushroom-shaped plume heads at U=1 change into intermittent spherical-blob shaped plumes at high U, resembling mantle plume hot spots in mantle convection. In contrast, for low values of U (~1/300), the regime corresponds to subduction of plates in the mantle. In this regime, we observe for the first time that plumes arise from a thick boundary with cellular structure and develop into sheet-plumes. We use experimental data to quantify these morphological changes and mixing dynamics of the plumes at different regimes of U. We also compare our observations on plume spacing with various models reported in the literature by varying the viscosity ratio and the buoyancy flux.
description: Preprint accepted in Chemical Engineering Science, 19 pages with 9 figures, and an additional 18 pages of supplementary material
Local entropy of a nonequilibrium fermion system
Creators: name: Stafford, Charles A.
name: Shastry, Abhay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local entropy of a nonequilibrium system of independent fermions is investigated, and analyzed in the context of the laws of thermodynamics. It is shown that the local temperature and chemical potential can only be expressed in terms of derivatives of the local entropy for linear deviations from local equilibrium. The first law of thermodynamics is shown to lead to an inequality, not an equality, for the change in the local entropy as the nonequilibrium state of the system is changed. The maximum entropy principle (second law of thermodynamics) is proven: a nonequilibrium distribution has a local entropy less than or equal to a local equilibrium distribution satisfying the same constraints. It is shown that the local entropy of the system tends to zero when the local temperature tends to zero, consistent with the third law of thermodynamics.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
title: Geologic framework and first results from ICDP BASE drilling in the Moodies Group (~3.22 Ga), Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
Creators: name: Heubeck, Christoph
name: Beukes, Nic
name: onsite geoscience team, BASE
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The up to 3.5 km thick Moodies Group (ca. 3.22 Ga) of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa and Eswatini, exposes some of the oldest well-preserved sedimentary strata on Earth. Strata were deposited within only a few million years in prodeltaic to alluvial settings, with a dominance of tidal deltas and coastal plains; they provide a very-high-resolution record of Early Archean surface conditions. Widespread microbial mats, early diagenetic vadose-alteration zones and tidal rhythmites are common. Moodies strata provide a unique opportunity to investigate the conditions under which bacterial life spread and thrived on early Earth.

We show preliminary cross sections, overall core photographs and representative lithologic descriptions from the eight boreholes, each ca. 350-400 m in length, which were drilled November 2021 to May 2022 within the framework of the ICDP Barberton Archean Surface Environments (BASE) Project.
Investigation of Removal Efficiency of Blended Cactus Mucilage and Alum Coagulants In Textile Wastewater Treatment
Creators: name: Hayelom, Tesfay
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: Textile wastewater treatment is one the most difficult environmental issues because it contains high color, high suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, temperature, turbidity and toxic chemicals. The direct discharge of this wastewater without previous or proper treatment into the water bodies, like lakes, rivers, etc. pollutes the water affecting directly and indirectly the water. This indicated urgent need to develop cost effective and efficient treatment method. In this connection, coagulation is one of the most effective and simple to operate treatment methods to remove colloidal and suspended solid pollutants of textile wastewaters that technically need adding of either chemical or natural coagulant. However, use of chemical coagulants has been criticized to have some limitations. Consequently, recently there is an interest to replace chemical coagulants by natural materials. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the removal efficiencies of blended inorganic and natural coagulants namely alum and cactus mucilage. The evaluation of removal efficiency of the blended coagulants was done for color, COD, TSS, and TDS before and after treatment. The raw textile wastewater was collected from Arbaminch textile Investment group. The treatment process was carried out using a jar test at different coagulant dose, pH and mixing time values for constant other parameters. The coagulant dose, pH and mixing time were the three factors considered in the treatment process. The dose of the coagulants were 0.5-3 g per 500ml textile waste water whereas pH was set at 3-11 and mixing time (flocculation time) 20-60 minutes. The pH was adjusted using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide (1M). The maximum removal efficiency of the blended coagulant was obtained at coagulant dose of 1.75g, pH 7 and mixing time of 40minuties for Color, TSS and TDS removal but 3g, pH 3, 40minutes for COD removal and the removal efficiency was 74.3%, 73.9%, 62.3, and 74.5 % respectively and from the observed results the optimum conditions were at 2.194g of coagulant dose, pH 3.840 and 38.992 minutes of mixing time with rapid mixing 100 rpm for 2 minutes and slow mixing 40 rpm for 20-60 minute and 60 minutes of settling time. At these optimum conditions 74.3 % color reduction, 71.177% COD reduction, 73.094 % TSS and 62.930 % TDS reduction was obtained.
Conformal Anomalies and Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Meissner, Krzysztof A.
name: Nicolai, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the presence of conformal anomalies in gravitational theories can lead to observable modifications to Einstein's equations via the induced anomalous effective actions, whose non-localities can overwhelm the smallness of the Planck scale. The fact that no such effects have been seen in recent cosmological or gravitational wave observations therefore imposes strong restrictions on the field content of possible extensions of Einstein's theory: all viable theories should have vanishing conformal anomalies. We then show that a complete cancellation of conformal anomalies in D=4 for both the $C^2$ invariant and the Euler (Gauss-Bonnet) invariant can only be achieved for N-extended supergravities with $N \geq 5$, as well as for M theory compactified to four dimensions.
description: 4 pages
title: Gallium-Aluminium Ratios as a proxy for Archean seawater: First Insights from the 2.7 Ga old Temagami Banded-Iron Formation, Canada
Creators: name: Ernst, David M.
name: Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter
name: Krämer, Dennis
name: Bau, Michael
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Banded iron formations (BIFs) are robust geochemical archives used for the reconstruction of the evolution of the Precambrian hydrosphere-atmosphere system. Here, we present preliminary results on the gallium and aluminium concentrations in detritus-free samples from adjacent metachert and magnetite bands in the Neoarchean Algoma-type Temagami BIF, Canada. Gallium and Al are geochemical partners with rather coherent behaviour during magmatic and clastic sedimentary processes. However, Ga and Al fractionate in hydrous environments, leading to different Ga/Al ratios in soils, river water, seawater, and hydrothermal fluids. Therefore, the Ga/Al ratio may be used as a source proxy, similar to the better-constrained Ge-Si systematics in Precambrian BIF. Ga-Al systematics may yield information on the major sources to seawater during deposition of Fe oxide and metachert BIF bands.

Measurements of adjacent Temagami BIF bands with solid (i.e., laser-ablation) and solution (i.e., acid-digested sample) ICP-MS show distinct differences for metachert. Gallium is highly susceptible to interferences in mass spectrometric analyses, and thus high-resolution ICP-MS or QQQ-ICP-MS needs to be used. Our preliminary results suggest that, in marked contrast to Ge and Si, Ga and Al do not show large differences between magnetite and metachert bands in the Temagami BIF. However, our preliminary Ga/Al ratios for the Temagami BIF are generally lower than those of modern seawater, possibly indicating Ga-Al fractionation between BIFs and their seawater source and/or lower Ga/Al ratios in ambient Temagami seawater.
Heat flow across plane and cylindrical joints
Creators: name: Madhusudana., Chakravarti Varadachar
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
title: Geobiological significance of organic matter preserved in 3.5 Ga hydrothermal barites from the Dresser Formation (Pilbara Craton, Australia)
Creators: name: Weimann, Lena
name: Reinhardt, Manuel
name: Duda, Jan-Peter
name: Mißbach-Karmrodt, Helge
name: Reitner, Joachim
name: Thiel, Volker
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
3.5 billion-year-old bedded barite of the Dresser Formation (Pilbara Craton, Australia) contains abundant primary fluid and solid inclusions. The fluid inclusions contain volatiles like H2S, COS, and CS2, as well as simple organic compounds (e.g., acetic acid, organic polysulfanes, thiols) [1]. As the bedded barite may have been formed from hydrothermal fluid discharge into an evaporitic caldera [2], these compounds could have acted as fertile substrates for early life forms thriving in this environment [1]. The solid inclusions consist of minerals (metal sulfides, carbonates, silicates) and insoluble organic matter (kerogen) [1,3; this study]. The latter are analysed in greater detail here. High-resolution Raman mapping and microscopy revealed three populations of kerogen inclusions based on their location in the barite deposit: (i) inclusions at the edges of single growth zones of barite crystals, (ii) inclusions within barite crystals, and (iii) inclusions in secondary quartz veins. Peak metamorphic temperatures for these three kerogen populations were determined using Raman spectroscopy. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements revealed a highly aromatic nature of the kerogen. Taken together, the combination of various analytical techniques provides valuable insights into the nature and origin of organic matter in the 3.5 Ga old barites, which significantly advances our understanding of some of Earth´s most ancient habitats.

[1] Mißbach, H. et al. (2021), Nat. Commun. 12, 1101

[2] Van Kranendonk, M.J. (2006), Earth Sci. Rev. 74, 197–240

[3] Philippot, P. et al. (2007), Science 317, 1534–1537
The Dawn of Multi-Messenger Astronomy
Creators: name: Santander, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discoveries of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and gravitational waves have opened new windows of exploration to the Universe. Combining neutrino observations with measurements of electromagnetic radiation and cosmic rays promises to unveil the sources responsible for the neutrino emission and to help solve long-standing problems in astrophysics such as the origin of cosmic rays. Neutrino observations may also help localize gravitational-wave sources, and enable the study of their astrophysical progenitors. In this work we review the current status and future plans for multi-messenger searches of neutrino sources.
description: To appear in "Neutrino Astronomy- Current status, future prospects", Eds. T. Gaisser & A. Karle (World Scientific)
Horizontal Subsurface Constructed Wetland for Removal of Heavy Metals from Leachate Using Phragmites Australis (A Case of Addis Ababa Solid Waste Open Dump)
Creators: name: Bahre, Mesele
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2013

description: Heavy metals were present at relatively high concentrations in the landfill leachate. The disposal of heavy metals into the environment is of great concern due to their serious effects on food chain and furthermore on animal and human health. Constructed wetlands have played a significant role in treatment of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater containing heavy metals effectively. This study focused on the efficiency of horizontal subsurface constructed wetland with Phragmites australis in the removal of heavy metals in landfill leachate. Where, it also determines the amount of heavy metals uptake by Phragmites australis and the amount of heavy metals retained in the soil media. In this work a laboratory-scale study was conducted on HSSF constructed wetland systems which comprises one planted and one control system. The systems operated identically at a flow rate of 22L /d and HRT 4 days for about 28 days treatment period. The result shows the heavy metals composition of the leachate of "reppi" open dump was significant in both season with more slightly higher in wet season. The experimental study shows higher removal of heavy metals by the planted compared to unplanted system. A removal efficiency of 99.33% Fe, 93.67% Mn, 89.24% Pb, 96.14% Cu and 98.33% Zn were achieved in the planted system at the 28th day. While removal efficiency of 98.43% Fe, 91.66% Mn, 85.01% Pb, 90.70% Cu and 85.19% Zn were observed in the control system at the 28th day of the treatment period. The plants uptake of Pb and Cu were also analyzed. The results show that uptake on roots for both heavy metals were high comparing the uptake on leaves and stems. The ability of soil to accumulate Pb and Cu was analyzed. Soil samples were taken from the inlet, middle and outlet of control and planted system. The result shows that accumulation of Pb was highest on inlet part of both systems while accumulation of Cu was highest on the outlet part of both systems. This study concludes that HSSF constructed wetland with Phragmite australis plant and red ash gravel can remove heavy metals from leachate. Keywords: Landfill leachate, Constructed wetland, heavy metals removal, Plant uptake, Soil media
Eigenvalue spectra of large correlated random matrices
Creators: name: Kuczala, Alexander
name: Sharpee, Tatyana O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the diagrammatic method, we derive a set of self-consistent equations that describe eigenvalue distributions of large correlated asymmetric random matrices. The matrix elements can have different variances and be correlated with each other. The analytical results are confirmed by numerical simulations. The results have implications for the dynamics of neural and other biological networks where plasticity induces correlations in the connection strengths within the network. We find that the presence of correlations can have a major impact on network stability.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
A theory of combined heat and mass transfer in regenerators
Creators: name: Maclaine-Cross., I.L.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ В ПРАКТИКЕ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РАБОТЫ ПО ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ЭКСТРЕМИЗМА И ТЕРРОРИЗМА СХЕМЫ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ ОСНОВНЫХ РЕЛИГИОЗНЫХ ТЕЧЕНИЙ В ИСЛАМЕ
Creators: name: Сообщество рецензентов Международного научно-исследовательского журнала
Publisher: name: ИП Соколова М.В.
Year: 2022
Subjects: психологическая профилактика
экстремизм
терроризм
схема идентификации
психологи
конфессия
ваххабизм
секта
психодиагностика
психокоррекция.

description: Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, №8(122) (2022)
Strength and Fatigue Analysis of Composite Bogie Frame
Creators: name: Khadir, Daher
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: The bogie frame accommodates various bogie equipment and is generally fabricated by welding together two cross beam into H-shaped frame, compound side beams were developed using press welding. This research paper presents the fatigue strength analysis for the composite bogie frame of AALRT. The bogie frame of a railway is an important structural member for the support of vehicle loading. In general, more than 25 years' durability is necessary. The core objective of this proposal is to analyse strength and fatigue of bogie frame. The problem has been formulated by using composite bogie frame. For this purpose, a bogie frame has been modeled using solid works software and imported to ANSYS work bench 2016 for analysis. In the analysis of the research a three-dimensional finite element model of the bogie frame has been used to investigate the effect of the applied loading force at the frame surface area. The fatigue life has been analyzed for using carbon/epoxy and structure steel.While the material using for AALRT is structure steel. The total deformation of the carbon/epoxy 2.1101e-6Max, the equivalent stress 225.39Max and the total deformation of the structure steel 0.74025Max, the equivalent stress 209.55Max. The results show the carbon/epoxy composite bogie frame had a good fatigue performance in comparison with conventional metal bogie frame and is considering as the best effective way to reduce the weight of railway vehicle.
Scattering problems in elastodynamics
Creators: name: Diatta, Andre
name: Kadic, Muamer
name: Wegener, Martin
name: Guenneau, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In electromagnetism, acoustics, and quantum mechanics, scattering problems can routinely be solved numerically by virtue of perfectly matched layers (PMLs) at simulation domain boundaries. Unfortunately, the same has not been possible for general elastodynamic wave problems in continuum mechanics. In this paper, we introduce a corresponding scattered-field formulation for the Navier equation. We derive PMLs based on complex-valued coordinate transformations leading to Cosserat elasticity-tensor distributions not obeying the minor symmetries. These layers are shown to work in two dimensions, for all polarizations, and all directions. By adaptative choice of the decay length, the deep subwavelength PMLs can be used all the way to the quasi-static regime. As demanding examples, we study the effectiveness of cylindrical elastodynamic cloaks of the Cosserat type and approximations thereof.
Assessment On Immunization Supply Chain Management Practice In Pharmaceutical Fund And Supply Agency (PFSA)
Creators: name: Tefera, Gulilat
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Immunization helps save life, protect serious illness and improve quality of life. It is recognized as one of the most cost effective public health interventions available around the globe. However, the success of this program is heavily dependent on strong immunization supply chain practice. Proper immunization supply chain management ensures availing potent and live vaccines to the community. Ethiopia launched the EPI program since in 1980`s with six traditional antigens. FMOH was also responsible to manage the iSC activities until 2014. Following the national EVM assessment in 2013, FMOH decided to transfer the responsibility of managing iSC to PFSA, aiming to address the existing supply chain bottlenecks identified from the assessment. This research is conducted to assess the immunization supply chain practice following the vaccine transition to PFSA. A descriptive approach was employed to assess the immunization supply chain management, highlighting the storage, handling and distribution components at central PFSA and selected hubs. Census method was used to collect data from key respondents. Interview guides and observation check list was used to collect data for quantitative and qualitative analysis. It was found that; the available storage space at central level is inadequate accompanied with limited maintenance protocol. Temperature monitoring practice during transportation of vaccines was also unsatisfactory. Bundling practice was found to be good, but the knowledge of staffs on basic immunization supply chain attributes is partial. In conclusion, the immunization supply chain practice in PFSA is not well established as per the GAVI`s standard for immunization supply chain fundamentals. Therefore, FMOH and involved stake holders need to capacitate the agency to reach the intended level of quality service.
Revisit of the interacting holographic dark energy model after Planck 2015
Creators: name: Feng, Lu
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the observational constraints on the interacting holographic dark energy model. We consider five typical interacting models with the interaction terms $Q=3βHρ_{\rm{de}}$, $Q=3βHρ_{\rm{c}}$, $Q=3βH(ρ_{\rm{de}}+ρ_{\rm c})$, $Q=3βH\sqrt{ρ_{\rm{de}}ρ_{\rm c}}$, and $Q=3βH\frac{ρ_{\rm{de}}ρ_{c}}{ρ_{\rm{de}}+ρ_{\rm c}}$, respectively, where $β$ is a dimensionless coupling constant. The observational data we use in this paper include the JLA compilation of type Ia supernovae data, the Planck 2015 distance priors data of cosmic microwave background observation, the baryon acoustic oscillations measurements, and the Hubble constant direct measurement. We make a comparison for these five interacting holographic dark energy models by employing the information criteria, and we find that, within the framework of holographic dark energy, the $Q=3βH\frac{ρ_{\rm{de}}ρ_{\rm c}}{ρ_{\rm{ de}}+ρ_{\rm c}}$ model is most favored by current data, and the $Q=3βHρ_{\rm c}$ model is relatively not favored by current data. For the $Q=3βHρ_{\rm{de}}$ and $Q=3βH\frac{ρ_{\rm{de}}ρ_{\rm c}}{ρ_{\rm{ de}}+ρ_{\rm c}}$ models, a positive coupling $β$ can be detected at more than 2$σ$ significance.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in JCAP
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY IN LANGUAGE
Creators: name: Батунова, Ирина
Publisher: name: Sokolova M.V.
Year: 2022
Subjects: term
terminology
linguistics
dictionary
vocabulary
science
technology
language
medicine
aspect
theory
comparisons
activity.

description: Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, №8(122) (2022)
Copolymerization of ethylene with vinyl acetate : narrowing the copolymer composition distribution
Creators: name: Macaulay., David J.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Wheel/Rail Adhesion Under Plastic Bags Contamination Condition
Creators: name: Birhan, Ayinalem
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Railway vehicles require a certain level of adhesion between wheel and rail to operate efficiently, reliably, and economically. Different levels of adhesion are needed depending on the vehicle running conditions. In the wheel tread–railhead contact, the dominant problem is low adhesion, as low adhesion on the railhead negatively affects railway operation: on one hand, the vehicle will lose traction resulting in delay when driving on low-adhesion tracks; on the other hand, low adhesion during deceleration will extend the braking distance, which is a safety issue. This thesis examines the influence of plastic bags contaminants on the adhesion in the wheel tread–railhead contact. This study will improve our knowledge of the low-adhesion mechanism and of how plastics contaminants influence adhesion. In this thesis, the adhesion conditions of four groups of plastics ; group one, group two, group three and group four with corresponding thicknesses 0.00185mm, 0.0025mm, 0.0035mm and 0.007mm respectively were assessed using a twin disc test machine. Thus the research methodology used was a laboratory test. The test procedure and/or the test set up followed in this work was the set up described in [6] except the method of application of tested contaminants on the rail wheel due to the difference in contaminants considered. The aim of this work was to study the extent of adhesion coefficients in the contacts of wheel-rail rollers over a range of slip values with and without plastic bags contaminants. Thus the outcomes from lab test were the coefficients of adhesions of each contaminant within 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 to 10% slip values so as to sort out weather plastics contaminants will affect wheel-rail adhesion. The result of this experimental test shows that the adhesion coefficient due to plastic bags contaminated condition is much less than that of the dry test. The variation in wheel-rail adhesion ranges up to 88%. From the result it is concluded that plastics bags adversely reduce wheel-rail adhesion.
title: Sheared peridotites from the cratonic mantle beneath Lesotho (Kaapvaal craton): Investigating deformation and related metasomatic processes from mid-lithospheric depth to the LAB.
Creators: name: Heckel, Catharina
name: Woodland, Alan B.
name: Linckens, Jolien
name: Gibson, Sally A.
name: Seitz, Hans-Michael
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Sheared peridotites give direct evidence for deformation processes in the subcratonic mantle shortly before their transport to the surface by kimberlites. We studied 12 sheared peridotites (11 garnet-peridotites, one spinel-bearing) from three localities in Lesotho, which were entrained in the Late Cretaceous (90Ma). The peridotites exhibit different degrees of depletion from more fertile (XFo =91) to depleted (XFo =93). Typical for sheared peridotites, textures reveal a bimodal grain size with mm-size porphyroclasts, which are surrounded by 10s – 100s µm neoblasts. Our suite can be split into two groups: (i) low-T (<1250°C) and (ii) high-T (1400 ± 50 °C). The low-T sheared peridotites derive from various depths (3.5 – 5.5 GPa) in the lithospheric mantle whereas the high-T sheared peridotites equilibrated at high pressures (6 ± 0.5 GPa), corresponding to the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath the Kaapvaal craton.

Crystallographic preferred orientations of olivine verify the presence of metasomatic agents during deformation in both groups and reveal various types: B-, C-, E-, AG- and bimodal CPOs. Increasing Ti-contents in olivine and orthopyroxene neoblasts, accompanied with an increase in temperature in the low-T group, reveal a connection between metasomatism and deformation during interaction with (failed) kimberlites.     In contrast, the porphyroclasts and neoblasts of all phases in the high-T peridotites have homogeneous major and trace element contents, implying (re-)equilibration (during deformation?). Trace element signatures in garnet, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene indicate that metasomatism at the LAB caused either enrichments or depletions in the high-T sheared peridotites.
Emergence of a higher energy structure in strong field ionization with inhomogeneous electric fields
Creators: name: Ortmann, L.
name: Pérez-Hernández, J. A.
name: Ciappina, M. F.
name: Chacón, A.
name: Zeraouli, G.
name: Kling, M. F.
name: Roso, L.
name: Lewenstein, M.
name: Landsman, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of strong field ionization have historically relied on the strong field approximation, which neglects all spatial dependence in the forces experienced by the electron after ionization. More recently, the small spatial inhomogeneity introduced by the long-range Coulomb potential has been linked to a number of important features in the photoelectron spectrum, such as Coulomb asymmetry, Coulomb focusing, and the low energy structure (LES). Here, we demonstrate by combined quantum and classical simulations that a small time-varying spatial dependence in the laser electric field creates a prominent higher energy peak at energies above the "classical cut-off" for direct electrons. This higher energy structure (HES) originates from direct electrons ionized near the peak of a single half-cycle of the laser pulse. The HES is separated from all other ionization events (providing sub-cycle resolution) and is highly sensitive to the carrier envelope phase (CEP). The large accumulation of electrons with tuneable energy suggests a promising method for creating a localized source of electron pulses of attosecond duration using tabletop laser technology.
Measurement of the Cold Dark Matter-Neutrino Dipole in the TianNu Simulation
Creators: name: Inman, Derek
name: Yu, Hao-Ran
name: Zhu, Hong-Ming
name: Emberson, J. D.
name: Pen, Ue-Li
name: Zhang, Tong-Jie
name: Yuan, Shuo
name: Chen, Xuelei
name: Xing, Zhi-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of neutrino mass in cosmological observations rely on two point statistics that are hindered by significant degeneracies with the optical depth and galaxy bias. The relative velocity effect between cold dark matter and neutrinos induces a large scale dipole into the matter density field and may be able to provide orthogonal constraints to standard techniques. We numerically investigate this dipole in the TianNu Simulation, which contains cold dark matter and 50 meV neutrinos. We first compute the dipole using a new linear response technique where we treat the displacement caused by the relative velocity as a phase in Fourier space and then integrate the matter power spectrum over redshift. Then, we compute the dipole numerically in real space using the simulation density and velocity fields. We find excellent agreement between the linear response and N-body methods. Utilizing the dipole as an observational tool will require two tracers of the matter distribution that are differently biased with respect to the neutrino density.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Dynamics of fragmentation and multiple vacancy generation in irradiated single-walled carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Javeed, Sumera
name: Zeeshan, Sumaira
name: Ahmad, Shoaib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results from mass spectrometry of clusters sputtered from Cs+ irradiated single-walled carbon nano-tubes (SWCNTs) as a function of energy and dose identify the nature of the resulting damage in the form of multiple vacancy generation. For pristine SWCNTs at all Cs+ energies, C2 is the most dominant species, followed by C3, C4 and C1. The experiments were performed in three stages: in the first stage, Cs+ energy E(Cs+) was varied. During the second stage, the nanotubes were irradiated continuously at E(Cs+) = 5 keV for 1,800 s. Afterwards, the entire sequence of irradiation energies was repeated to differentiate between the fragmentation patterns of the pristine and of heavily irradiated SWCNTs. The sputtering and normalized yields identify the quantitative and relative extent of the ion-induced damage by creating double, triple and quadruple vacancies; the single vacancies are least favored. Sputtering from the heavily irradiated SWCNTs occurs not only from the damaged and fragmented nanotubes, but also from the inter-nanotube structures that are grown due to the accumulation of the sputtered clusters. Similar irradiation experiments were performed with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes; the results confirmed the dominant C2 followed by C3, C4 and C1.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
ZFIRE: A KECK/MOSFIRE Spectroscopic Survey of Galaxies in Rich Environments at z~2
Creators: name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Kacprzak, Glenn G.
name: Yuan, Tiantian
name: Tran, Kim-Vy
name: Spitler, Lee
name: Kewley, Lisa
name: Straatman, Caroline
name: Cowley, Michael
name: Fisher, David
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Tomczak, Adam
name: Allen, Rebecca
name: Alcorn, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview and the first data release of ZFIRE, a spectroscopic redshift survey of star-forming galaxies that utilizes the MOSFIRE instrument on Keck-I to study galaxy properties in rich environments at $1.5
description: Published in ApJ. Data available at http://zfire.swinburne.edu.au, Code for figures at https://github.com/themiyan/zfire_survey, 31 pages, 24 figures
Reuse of Textile Dye house Wastewater by Removal of Reactive Dye Using Nano Membrane
Creators: name: Aberra, Daniel
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: This study was devoted to provide good understanding of the operating characteristics and their effects on NF membranes system, to utilize in the treatment of wastewater containing synthetic reactive dyes which are common in Ethiopia. The effectiveness of NF systems in rejection of reactive dyes was evaluated under different operating conditions, such as working pressure, feed flow rate and dye concentration keeping feed temperature and pH constant. All experiments were conducted on RO/NF pilot scale plant including facility of feeding and product tank, on line measurement of flow rate and pressure. Wastewater containing reactive Dye was brought from Yirgalem Textile factory and its characteristics were analyzed. The result shows that dye-house wastewaters, containing reactive dyes, are hazardous to the environment since their COD, BOD, TS and pH values are higher than the free discharge limit values and also they are highly colored. It is found that all the three parameters affect the permeate flow and dye removal significantly. The increase of both inlet flow rate and working pressure has positive effect on the permeate flow rate. But increase in dye concentration generally shows negative impact. On the other hand, the increase of inlet flow rate, dye concentration and working pressure increases percent of dye removal. In this investigation, greater than 99% dye removal and maximum permeate flow rate within the minimum fouling rate was obtained at feed flow rate of 0.86m3/h, working pressure of 20 bars, and dye concentration 146.1mg/L. Keywords: Membrane separation, Synthetic dyes, Nano filtration, Wastewaterreuse
PWM control of brushless DC motor
Creators: name: Maani., George G.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
МОНИТОРИНГ ЭПИЗООТИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ ПО ЛЕЙКОЗУ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА В РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Creators: name: Сообщество рецензентов Международного научно-исследовательского журнала
Publisher: name: ИП Соколова М.В.
Year: 2022
Subjects: крупный рогатый скот
лейкоз
вирус лейкоза крупного рогатого скота
эпизоотическая ситуация
серологические исследования
реакции иммунодиффузии

description: Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, №8(122) (2022)
Tunneling into a quantum confinement created by a single-step nano-lithography of conducting oxide interfaces
Creators: name: Maniv, E.
name: Ron, A.
name: Goldstein, M.
name: Palevski, A.
name: Dagan, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new nano-lithography technique compatible with conducting oxide interfaces, which requires a single lithographic step with no additional amorphous layer deposition or etching, is presented. It is demonstrated on SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface where a constriction is patterned in the electron liquid. We find that an additional back-gating can further confine the electron liquid into an isolated island. Conductance and differential conductance measurements show resonant tunneling through the island. The data at various temperatures and magnetic fields are analyzed and the effective island size is found to be of the order of 10nm. The magnetic field dependence suggests absence of spin degeneracy in the island. Our method is suitable for creating superconducting and oxide-interface based electronic devices.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Dynamic Analysis for Railway Tunnel at Karakore
Creators: name: Tequamework, Assefa
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: In this research thesis an attempt is made to contribute towards a better understanding of seismic response of deep tunnel using the specific case of the railway tunnel at Karakore, located in one of the active seismic zones of Ethiopia known as escarpment seismic zone. Since stresses due to seismic action on underground structures depend on the seismic ground deformation, the characteristics of ground deformation induced by ground shaking need to be clarified. Therefore, to model the existing situation in a better way and to have good results regarding the deformations induced by the seismic action, finite element analysis has been conducted using the PLAXIS software. The effect of vertically propagating shear wave has been considered as it is expected to be the destructive type of wave for the tunnel under consideration. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and deaggregation has been done so as to obtain the most likely scenario of earthquake causing peak ground acceleration with 10% and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. Peak ground acceleration of 0.36g and 0.87g has been obtained from seismic hazard analysis, for 10% and 2% probability of exceedance, respectively. Two pairs of design ground motion; one with magnitude of 5.6 and radius of 20km and the other with magnitude of 5.7 and radius of 33km has been the result of deaggregation process. Ground motion from PEER ground motion database has been selected using the design ground motion having a magnitude of 5.6 and radius of 20km, shear wave velocity and fault mechanism of the area. The selected ground motion data points have been scaled to the peak ground acceleration specified for the site with the 10% probability of exceedance. Full dynamic analysis has been performed to refine the seismic analysis using numerical method. Transversal deformation has been the focus of this analysis and since 2D analysis has been performed, longitudinal deformation has not been considered except for the analytical case.Besides incremental stresses due to earthquake has been calculated assuming linear superposition of dynamic stresses on static stresses. The incremental stresses and strains due to earthquake are compared with unreinforced concrete support capacity and found above the threshold values.
Algebraic $K$-theory and a semi-finite Fuglede-Kadison determinant
Creators: name: Hochs, Peter
name: Kaad, Jens
name: Schemaitat, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we apply algebraic $K$-theory techniques to construct a Fuglede-Kadison type determinant for a semi-finite von Neumann algebra equipped with a fixed trace. Our construction is based on the approach to determinants for Banach algebras developed by Skandalis and de la Harpe. This approach can be extended to the semi-finite case since the first topological $K$-group of the trace ideal in a semi-finite von Neumann algebra is trivial. On our way we also improve the methods of Skandalis and de la Harpe by considering relative $K$-groups with respect to an ideal instead of the usual absolute $K$-groups. Our construction recovers the determinant homomorphism introduced by Brown, but all the relevant algebraic properties are automatic due to the algebraic $K$-theory framework.
title: X-ray emission setup to study electronic structure of iron bearing compounds in situ at high pressure and high temperature
Creators: name: Thiering, Nicola
name: Albers, Christian
name: Sakrowski, Robin
name: Wilke, Max
name: Kaa, Johannes
name: Gretarsson, Hlynur
name: Sundermann, Martin
name: Tolan, Metin
name: Sternemann, Christian
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The determination of iron-bearing compounds’ electronic structure under high pressure and temperature (HPHT) conditions is pivotal to understand the chemistry, physics and dynamics of the Earth’s interior [1,2].

We present a setup for investigating the electronic structure of such compounds in situ at HPHT using (resonant) X-ray emission spectroscopy ((R)XES) and exemplify its capabilities showing results for hematite (α-Fe2O3) and siderite (FeCO3). Conditions up to 80 GPa and 3000 K were achieved using diamond anvils cells in combination with a portable double-sided laser heating setup exploiting an Yb:YAG laser [3,4] and the (R)XES spectra were acquired utilizing a wavelength-dispersive von Hámos spectrometer in combination with a Pilatus 100K area detector [5].

This setup allows measurements of a full emission spectrum in a single-shot fashion. In combination with high intense synchrotron radiation available at beamline P01 of Petra III and a dedicated diamond anvil cell loading scheme, the measuring time is shortened such that in situ iron Kβ XES makes spin state imaging viable and provides simultaneously access to the valence-to-core emission. Furthermore, the use of miniature diamonds [6] enables RXES measurements at the iron K edge yielding detailed information iron’s electronic structure and local environment.

[1] B. Orcutt et al. Deep Carbon (2019) [2] Y. Kono et al. Magmas under pressure (2018) [3] C. Albers et al. PRB 105 085155  (2022) [4] G. Spiekermann et al. JSR, 27, 414 (2020) [5] C. Weis et al.  JAAS 34, 384 (2019) [6] S. Petitgirard et al. JSR 24 (2017)
Kinetics of Ferromagnetic Ordering in 3D Ising Model: Do we understand the case of zero temperature quench?
Creators: name: Das, Subir K.
name: Chakraborty, Saikat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study phase ordering dynamics in the three-dimensional nearest-neighbor Ising model, following rapid quenches from infinite to zero temperature. Results on various aspects, viz., domain growth, persistence, aging and pattern, have been obtained via the Glauber Monte Carlo simulations of the model on simple cubic lattice. These are analyzed via state-of-the-art methods, including the finite-size scaling, and compared with those for quenches to a temperature above the roughening transition. Each of these properties exhibit remarkably different behavior at the above mentioned final temperatures. Such a temperature dependence is absent in the two-dimensional case for which there is no roughening transition.
title: Chemical and mineralogical characterization of Li- and Mn-bearing slags to increase the recycling efficiency of lithium from lithium-ion-batteries (LIB)
Creators: name: Ranneberg, Marko
name: Graupner, Torsten
name: Goldmann, Simon
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Within the framework of the BMBF-funded project „PyroLith“ (FKZ: 03XP0336C), which deals with the recovery of lithium from NMC-type LIB via a combined pyro- and hydrometallurgical process route, two slag sample series of a simplified five-component system SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-Li2O-MnO were characterized using XRD, SEM-MLA, EPMA, XRF, ICP-MS and UVC radiation. The focus of the investigations was on crystalline and amorphous Li-bearing phases, their crystal growth and degree of intergrowth.

The results show that the slags generally solidified in a vesicular to compact, fine-grained, holo- to hypocrystalline, heterogeneous microstructure with a silicate matrix. Euhedral, anhedral and/or dendritic crystals up to 900 µm in size are embedded in the groundmass. In addition to variable contents of amorphous components, a total of six crystalline Li-containing phases (γ-LiAlO2, β-eucryptite, Li-Mn-Al spinel, LiAl5O8, Li5AlSi2O8, Li2MnSiO4) and two crystalline Li-free phases (melilite, glaucochroite) could be identified and quantified. Based on their chemical composition, two amorphous phases are distinguished. γ-LiAlO2, which is considered most important for an effective recovery of lithium in the selected process route, shows a characteristic green luminescence colour with distinct phosphorescence under short-wave ultraviolet radiation (254 nm). An influence of manganese on the crystallization of γ-LiAlO2, as described in [1] and [2], could not be observed.

[1] LIBRI (2011): Entwicklung eines realisierbaren Recyclingkonzeptes für die Hochleistungsbatterien zukünftiger Elektrofahrzeuge. Abschlussbericht, 132 S., Hanau

[2] Wittkowsi A., Schirmer T., Qiu H., Goldmann D. & Fittschen U.E.A. (2021): Speciation of Manganese in a Synthetic Recycling Slag Relevant for Lithium Recycling from Lithium-Ion-Batteries. Metals 2021, 11, 188