cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of vacuum microwave drying on the flavor, textural and color characteristics of banana chips
Creators: name: Mui, Winnie Wing Yan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Bananas were peeled, sliced, and dipped in a solution of 2000 ppm potassium metabisulfite. These slices were next air dried (AD) to remove 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of the initial moisture respectively and then vacuum microwave dried (VMD) to a final moisture content of about 3% db. The effects of different drying techniques (air drying, air drying / vacuum microwave drying, and freeze drying) on volatile retention in the banana chips were determined using headspace solid-phase microextraction. The effects of these drying techniques on the textural and color characteristics of banana chips were also investigated. Both gas chromatographic and sensory analysis showed that banana chips which underwent more vacuum microwave drying had significantly lower levels of volatile compounds and significantly lower ratings for both the aroma and flavor attributes. 90% AD & 10% VMD chips had significantly higher volatile levels and significantly higher sensory ratings than 100% AD samples. Textural analysis of the banana chips showed that the AD / VMD samples were significantly crisper than the AD and FD samples. Microscopic analysis also showed that vacuum microwave drying exerted a puffing effect on the VMD samples. Color analysis showed that less browning occurred in the VMD and the AD/VMD chips than in the AD samples. The inhibiting effect of five chemicals on banana polyphenoloxidase was studied. 2000 ppm potassium metabisulfite with or without 2% citric acid was the most effective inhibitor. Nevertheless, gas chromatographic analysis showed that bananas dipped in sulfite had significantly lower volatile levels compared to fresh bananas.
LIVESTOCK PRICING IN THE NORTHERN KENYAN RANGELANDS
Creators: name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Chabari, Francis
name: Bailey, DeeVon
name: Coppock, D. Layne
name: Little, Peter D.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Chabari, Francis
name: Bailey, DeeVon
name: Coppock, D. Layne
name: Little, Peter D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper uses detailed, transactions-level data and a structural-heteroskedasticity-in-mean model to identify the determinants of livestock producer prices for pastoralists in the drylands of northern Kenya. The empirical results confirm the importance of animal characteristics, periodic events that predictably shift local demand or supply, and especially rainfall on the prices pastoralists receive for animals. Price risk premia are consistently negative in these livestock markets. The imposition of quarantines has a sharp negative effect on expected producer prices in the pastoral areas, revealing a distributionally regressive approach to animal disease control in Kenya.
MODELING FINANCIAL ASSET DEMANDS OF SMALL AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS: A PORTFOLIO THEORY APPROACH
Creators: name: Holmes, Marionette
name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Holmes, Marionette
name: Park, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Multinomial sample selectivity model
subject: portfolio holidngs
subject: capital structure

description: This study derives a demand model for small firm finances using a portfolio allocation theory. The assumption of the manager versus the firm as the primary financial decision-maker of small firm is tested. We employ empirical techniques that allow for indirect utility estimation in a discrete-continuous choice model.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Schwach, Conrad Nicolai
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1838

description: Overkrigscommisair Mohr i Bergen, som er mynt- og medaljesamler, ønsker å få et eks av hver av VS medaljer
Probing the $H^\pm W^\mp Z$ interaction at the high energy upgrade of the LHC
Creators: name: Adhikary, Amit
name: Chakrabarty, Nabarun
name: Chakraborty, Indrani
name: Lahiri, Jayita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An $H^\pm W^\mp Z$ interaction at the tree level is common feature of new physics models that feature scalar triplets. In this study, we aim to probe the strength of the aforementioned interaction in a model-agnostic fashion at the futuristic 27 TeV proton-proton collider. We assume that the $H^\pm$ couples dominantly to ($W^\pm,Z$) and ($t,b$). We specifically study the processes that involve the $H^\pm W^\mp Z$ vertex at the production level, that is, $p p \to H^\pm j j$ and $p p \to Z H^\pm$. Moreover, we look into both $H^\pm \to W^\pm Z,~t b$ decays for either production process. Our investigations reveal that the $H^\pm j j$ production process has a greater reach compared to $Z H^\pm$. Moreover, the discovery potential of a charged Higgs improves markedly with respect to the earlier studies corresponding to lower centre-of-mass energies. Finally, we recast our results in the context of the popular Georgi-Machacek model.
description: Version 2; Accepted for publication in EPJC
A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF BIO-ENGINEERED GRAINS ON COMMODITY MARKETING SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Sonka, Steven T.
name: Schroeder, R. Christopher
name: Cunningham, Carrie J.
name: Sonka, Steven T.
name: Schroeder, R. Christopher
name: Cunningham, Carrie J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The goal of the analyses described in this paper is to explore market system changes that could result from adoption of bioengineered crops, if that adoption occurs. The analysis results reported are prospective in nature with the overall purpose of identifying questions and key issues, rather than predict specific outcomes.
Flux and field line conservation in 3--D nonideal MHD flows: Remarks about criteria for 3--D reconnection without magnetic neutral points
Creators: name: Nickeler, Dieter H.
name: Fahr, Hans-Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make some remarks on reconnection in plasmas and want to present some calculations related to the problem of finding velocity fields which conserve magnetic flux or at least magnetic field lines. Hereby we start from views and definitions of ideal and non-ideal flows on one hand, and of reconnective and non-reconnective plasma dynamics on the other hand. Our considerations give additional insights into the discussion on violations of the frozen--in field concept which started recently with the papers by Baranov & Fahr (2003a; 2003b). We find a correlation between the nonidealness which is given by a generalized form of the Ohm's law and a general transporting velocity, which is field line conserving.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Solar Physics
Convergence results for an averaged LQR problem with applications to reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Pesare, Andrea
name: Palladino, Michele
name: Falcone, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93E20, 93B52, 68T05

description: In this paper, we will deal with a Linear Quadratic Optimal Control problem with unknown dynamics. As a modeling assumption, we will suppose that the knowledge that an agent has on the current system is represented by a probability distribution $π$ on the space of matrices. Furthermore, we will assume that such a probability measure is opportunely updated to take into account the increased experience that the agent obtains while exploring the environment, approximating with increasing accuracy the underlying dynamics. Under these assumptions, we will show that the optimal control obtained by solving the "average" Linear Quadratic Optimal Control problem with respect to a certain $π$ converges to the optimal control driven related to the Linear Quadratic Optimal Control problem governed by the actual, underlying dynamics. This approach is closely related to model-based Reinforcement Learning algorithms where prior and posterior probability distributions describing the knowledge on the uncertain system are recursively updated. In the last section, we will show a numerical test that confirms the theoretical results.
description: 33 pages, 4 figures, paper submitted
Discrete vector on-site vortices
Creators: name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Pelinovsky, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K60

description: We study discrete vortices in coupled discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equations. We focus on the vortex cross configuration that has been experimentally observed in photorefractive crystals. Stability of the single-component vortex cross in the anti-continuum limit of small coupling between lattice nodes is proved. In the vector case, we consider two coupled configurations of vortex crosses, namely the charge-one vortex in one component coupled in the other component to either the charge-one vortex (forming a double-charge vortex) or the charge-negative-one vortex (forming a, so-called, hidden-charge vortex). We show that both vortex configurations are stable in the anti-continuum limit if the parameter for the inter-component coupling is small and both of them are unstable when the coupling parameter is large. In the marginal case of the discrete two-dimensional Manakov system, the double-charge vortex is stable while the hidden-charge vortex is linearly unstable. Analytical predictions are corroborated with numerical observations that show good agreement near the anti-continuum limit but gradually deviate for larger couplings between the lattice nodes.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures
A network analysis on cloud gaming: Stadia, GeForce Now and PSNow
Creators: name: Di Domenico, Andrea
name: Perna, Gianluca
name: Trevisan, Martino
name: Vassio, Luca
name: Giordano, Danilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cloud gaming is a new class of services that promises to revolutionize the videogame market. It allows the user to play a videogame with basic equipment while using a remote server for the actual execution. The multimedia content is streamed through the network from the server to the user. This service requires low latency and a large bandwidth to work properly with low response time and high-definition video. Three of the leading tech companies, (Google, Sony and NVIDIA) entered this market with their own products, and others, like Microsoft and Amazon, are planning to launch their own platforms in the near future. However, these companies released so far little information about their cloud gaming operation and how they utilize the network. In this work, we study these new cloud gaming services from the network point of view. We collect more than 200 packet traces under different application settings and network conditions for 3 cloud gaming services, namely Stadia from Google, GeForce Now from NVIDIA and PS Now from Sony. We analyze the employed protocols and the workload they impose on the network. We find that GeForce Now and Stadia use the RTP protocol to stream the multimedia content, with the latter relying on the standard WebRTC APIs. They result in bandwidth-hungry and consume up to 45 Mbit/s, depending on the network and video quality. PS Now instead uses only undocumented protocols and never exceeds 13 Mbit/s.
Pressure-tuned intralayer exchange in superlattice-like MnBi2Te4/(Bi2Te3)n topological insulators
Creators: name: Shao, Jifeng
name: Liu, Yuntian
name: Zeng, Meng
name: Li, Jingyuan
name: Wu, Xuefeng
name: Ma, Xiao-Ming
name: Jin, Feng
name: Lu, Ruie
name: Sun, Yichen
name: Gu, Mingqiang
name: Wang, Kedong
name: Wu, Wenbin
name: Wu, Liusuo
name: Liu, Chang
name: Liu, Qihang
name: Zhao, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic structures of MnBi2Te4(Bi2Te3)n can be manipulated by tuning the interlayer coupling via the number of Bi2Te3 spacer layers n, while the intralayer ferromagnetic (FM) exchange coupling is considered too robust to control. By applying hydrostatic pressure up to 3.5 GPa, we discover opposite responses of magnetic properties for n = 1 and 2. MnBi4Te7 stays at A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase with a decreasing Néel temperature and an increasing saturation field. In sharp contrast, MnBi6Te10 experiences a phase transition from A-type AFM to a quasi-two-dimensional FM state with a suppressed saturation field under pressure. First-principles calculations reveal the essential role of intralayer exchange coupling from lattice compression in determining these magnetic properties. Such magnetic phase transition is also observed in 20% Sb-doped MnBi6Te10 due to the in-plane lattice compression.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
The Environment of Active Galaxies in the SDSS-DR4
Creators: name: Sorrentino, G.
name: Radovich, M.
name: Rifatto, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the environment of active galaxies and compare it with that of star forming and normal galaxies. We extracted from the Fourth Data Release (DR4) of the Sloan Digitaly Sky Survey (SDSS) the galaxies in the redshift range 0.05 \le z \le 0.095 and with M(r) \le -20.0 (that is M* + 1.45). Emission line ratios and/or widths are used to separate Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) from Star-Forming Galaxies (SFGs); AGN are classified as Seyfert-1 and Seyfert-2 galaxies according to emission line widths. The environmental properties, as defined by a density parameter and the number of companions, are compared for the different types of galaxies, taking into account the morphological type of the host galaxies. We find no difference in the large-scale environment of Seyfert-1 and Seyfert-2 galaxies; however, a larger fraction of Seyfert-2 (~2%) than Seyfert-1 (~1%) is found in systems which are smaller than r_{max} \le 100 kpc, mainly in low-density environments (pairs or triplets); for comparison, this fraction is ~2% for star forming galaxies and ~1% for normal galaxies. We find no evidence for a relation between large-scale environment properties and activity. If activity and environment are related, this more likely occurs on small scales (e.g. galaxy interaction, merging).
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted by A&A
Fingerprinting Heatwaves and Cold Spells and Assessing Their Response to Climate Change using Large Deviation Theory
Creators: name: Galfi, Vera Melinda
name: Lucarini, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme events provide relevant insights into the dynamics of climate and their understanding is key for mitigating the impact of climate variability and climate change. By applying large deviation theory to a state-of-the-art Earth system model, we define the climatology of persistent heatwaves and cold spells in key target geographical regions by estimating the rate functions for the surface temperature, and we assess the impact of increasing CO$_2$ concentration on such persistent anomalies. Hence, we can better quantify the increasing hazard {\color{black}due} to heatwaves in a warmer climate. We show that two 2010 high impact events - summer Russian heatwave and winter Dzud in Mongolia - are associated with atmospheric patterns that are exceptional compared to the typical ones, but typical compared to the climatology of extremes. Their dynamics is encoded in the natural variability of the climate. Finally, we propose and test an approximate formula for the return times of large and persistent temperature fluctuations from easily accessible statistical properties.
The foundations of statistical mechanics from entanglement: Individual states vs. averages
Creators: name: Popescu, Sandu
name: Short, Anthony J.
name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an alternative approach to the foundations of statistical mechanics, in which subjective randomness, ensemble-averaging or time-averaging are not required. Instead, the universe (i.e. the system together with a sufficiently large environment) is in a quantum pure state subject to a global constraint, and thermalisation results from entanglement between system and environment. We formulate and prove a "General Canonical Principle", which states that the system will be thermalised for almost all pure states of the universe, and provide rigorous quantitative bounds using Levy's Lemma.
description: 12 pages, v3 title changed, v2 minor changes
Contents
Creators: name: H, C
Publisher: name: Critical Hermeneutics
Year: 2024

description: Contents CH, 7(2), special, 2023
description: Critical Hermeneutics, Vol 7 No 2, special (2023): AttraversaMenti [Crossings]: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Experience of the Former Psychiatric Hospital in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto
Mechanism for the failure of the Edwards hypothesis in the SK spin glass
Creators: name: Eastham, P. R.
name: Blythe, R. A.
name: Bray, A. J.
name: Moore, M . A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of the SK model at T=0 starting from random spin configurations is considered. The metastable states reached by such dynamics are atypical of such states as a whole, in that the probability density of site energies, $p(λ)$, is small at $λ=0$. Since virtually all metastable states have a much larger $p(0)$, this behavior demonstrates a qualitative failure of the Edwards hypothesis. We look for its origins by modelling the changes in the site energies during the dynamics as a Markov process. We show how the small $p(0)$ arises from features of the Markov process that have a clear physical basis in the spin-glass, and hence explain the failure of the Edwards hypothesis.
description: 5 pages, new title, modified text, additional references
Global free energy landscapes as a smoothly joined collection of local maps
Creators: name: Giberti, F.
name: Tribello, G. A.
name: Ceriotti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Enhanced sampling techniques have become an essential tool in computational chemistry and physics, where they are applied to sample activated processes that occur on a time scale that is inaccessible to conventional simulations. Despite their popularity, it is well known that they have constraints that hinder their applications to complex problems. The core issue lies in the need to describe the system using a small number of collective variables (CVs). Any slow degree of freedom that is not properly described by the chosen CVs will hinder sampling efficiency. However, exploration of configuration space is also hampered by including variables that are not relevant to describe the activated process under study. This paper presents the Adaptive Topography of Landscape for Accelerated Sampling (ATLAS), a new biasing method capable of working with many CVs. The root idea of ATLAS is to apply a divide-and-conquer strategy where the high-dimensional CVs space is divided into basins, each of which is described by an automatically-determined, low-dimensional set of variables. A well-tempered metadynamics-like bias is constructed as a function of these local variables. Indicator functions associated with the basins switch on and off the local biases, so that the sampling is performed on a collection of low-dimensional CV spaces, that are smoothly combined to generate an effectively high-dimensional bias. The unbiased Boltzmann distribution is recovered through reweighing, making the evaluation of conformational and thermodynamic properties straightforward. The decomposition of the free-energy landscape in local basins can be updated iteratively as the simulation discovers new (meta)stable states.
Pressure effect on the structural, electronic, elastic, thermodynamic and optical properties of LiZnZ (Z = N, P, and As) Li-based half-Heusler
Creators: name: Toual, Y.
name: Mouchou, S.
name: Azouaoui, A.
name: Hourmatallah, A.
name: Bouslykhane, K.
name: Benzakour, N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Using first-principle calculations based on the density functional theory, we investigated the pressure effect on the structural, electrical, elastic, thermodynamic,electronic and optical properties of Li-based half-Heusler compounds LiZnZ (Z = N, P, and As). We found that the most stable structural phase is the α-phase at 0 GPa for all studied compounds. The obtained lattice parameters at 0 GPa align with existing experimental and theoretical findings for all compounds. The negative values of cohesive and formation energies of LiZnZ indicate that the studied compounds are chemically stable. Band structure calculations confirm the semiconductor behavior of all studied compounds. The calculated elastic and thermodynamic properties show that these compounds are mechanically and thermodynamically stable. The reflectivity values, which are approximately 39%, 54%, and 57% for LiZnN, LiZnP, and LiZnAs, respectively, suggest that the semiconductors LiZnZ are well-suited for optoelectronic applications.
Food in Ayurvedic Medicine
Creators: name: Brugiatelli, Vereno
Publisher: name: Critical Hermeneutics
Year: 2024

description: This article is an interview with Master Swami Joythimayananda  on Food in Ayurvedic Medicine. It starts with a question around what the Ayurveda is and develops a discussion around the relationship between food and medicine, and food and spiritual life.
description: Critical Hermeneutics, Vol 7 No 2, special (2023): AttraversaMenti [Crossings]: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Experience of the Former Psychiatric Hospital in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto
Scalar-Induced Compactifications in Higher Dimensional Supergravities
Creators: name: Kehagias, Alex
name: Mattheopoulou, Constantina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss compactifications of higher dimensional supergravities which are induced by scalars. In particular, we consider vector multiplets coupled to the supergravity multiplet in the case of D=9, 8 and D=7 minimal supergravities. These vector multiplets contain scalars, which parametrize coset spaces of the general form SO(10-D,n)/SO(10-D)xSO(n), where n is the number of vector multiplets. We discuss the compactification of the supergravity theory to D-2 dimensons, which is induced by non-trivial vacuum scalar field configurations. There are singular and non-singular solutions, which preserve half of the supersymmetries.
description: 25 pages, JHEP3
On Food and Religion: An Introduction
Creators: name: Brugiatelli, Vereno
Publisher: name: Critical Hermeneutics
Year: 2024

description: It is a well-known fact that besides having an indispensable nutritional function, food also has an important cultural value. Methods to transform and make use of food have their origins in social contexts and contribute to generating cultural processes and forms of life. According to this view, food is also a cultural invention which has come to influence man’s ways of being and living, as well as the manner in which man relates to others, the world and the divine...
description: Critical Hermeneutics, Vol 7 No 2, special (2023): AttraversaMenti [Crossings]: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Experience of the Former Psychiatric Hospital in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto
Light induced effective magnetic fields for ultra-cold atoms in planar geometries
Creators: name: Juzeliunas, G.
name: Ruseckas, J.
name: Ohberg, P.
name: Fleischhauer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to create an effective magnetic field for ultra-cold atoms in a planar geometry. The set-up allows the experimental study of classical and quantum Hall effects in close analogy to solid-state systems including the possibility of finite currents. The present scheme is an extention of the proposal in Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 033602 (2004) where the effective magnetic field is now induced for three-level Lambda-type atoms by two counterpropagating laser beams with shifted spatial profiles. Under conditions of electromagentically induced transparency the atom-light interaction has a space dependent dark state, and the adiabatic center of mass motion of atoms in this state experiences effective vector and scalar potentials. The associated magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser beams. The field strength achievable is one flux quantum over an area given by the transverse beam separation and the laser wavelength. For a sufficiently dilute gas the field is strong enough to reach the lowest Landau level regime.
description: 2 figures
Many Years of Experience
Creators: name: Rosania, Nunziante
Publisher: name: Critical Hermeneutics
Year: 2024

description: In this contribution, the former Director of the last Criminal Asylum to close its doors, gives us a brief overview of his experience. He argues the most significant breakup moments, without forgetting the proposals and suggestions for future improvements. Finally, he gives us an original document, from the V. Madia historical archive. This is a life in the asylum portrait.
description: Critical Hermeneutics, Vol 7 No 2, special (2023): AttraversaMenti [Crossings]: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Experience of the Former Psychiatric Hospital in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto
What is unethical about software? User perceptions in the Netherlands
Creators: name: X, X
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461202
subject: Empirical software engineering

description: AbstractSoftware has the potential to improve lives.Yet, unethical and uninformed software practices are at the root of an increasing number of ethical concerns. Despite its pervasiveness, few research has analyzed end-users perspectives on the ethical issues of the software they use.We address this gap, and investigate end-user's ethical concerns in software through 19 semi-structured interviews with residents of the Netherlands.We ask a diverse group of users about their ethical concerns when using everyday software applications. We investigate the underlying reasons for their concerns and what solutions they propose to eliminate them.We find that our participants actively worry about privacy, transparency, manipulation, safety and inappropriate content; with privacy and manipulation often being at the center of their worries.Our participants demand software solutions to improve information clarity in applications and provide more control over the user experience.They further expect larger systematic changes within software practices and government regulation.
Fractional and composite excitations of antiferromagnetic quantum spin trimer chains
Creators: name: Cheng, Jun-Qing
name: Li, Jun
name: Xiong, Zijian
name: Wu, Han-Qing
name: Sandvik, Anders W.
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using quantum Monte Carlo, exact diagonalization and perturbation theory, we study the spectrum of the $S=1/2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg trimer chain by varying the ratio $g=J_2/J_1$ of the intertrimer and intratrimer coupling strengths. The doublet ground states of trimers form effective interacting $S=1/2$ degrees of freedom described by a Heisenberg chain. Therefore, the conventional two-spinon continuum of width $\propto J_1$ when $g=1$ evolves into to a similar continuum of width $\propto J_2$ when $g\to 0$. The intermediate-energy and high-energy modes are termed \emph{doublons} and \emph{quartons} which fractionalize with increasing $g$ to form the conventional spinon continuum. In particular, at $g \approx 0.716$, the gap between the low-energy spinon branch and the high-energy band with mixed doublons, quartons, and spinons closes. These features should be observable in inelastic neutron scattering experiments if a quasi-one-dimensional quantum magnet with the linear trimer structure and $J_2
description: 17pages,11figures
The cross sections of the muons and charged pions pairs production at electron-positron annihilation near the threshold
Creators: name: Bystritskiy, Yu. M.
name: Fedotovich, G. V.
name: Ignatov, F. V.
name: Kuraev, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The processes of muons (tau) and charged pions pairs production at electron-positron annihilation with first order radiative corrections are considered. The calculation results are presented assuming the energies of final particles (cms implied) to be not far significantly from threshold production. The invariant mass distributions for the muon (tau) and pion pairs are obtained both for the initial and final state radiation. Some analytical calculations are illustrated numerically. The pions were assumed to be point-like objects and scalar QED was applied for calculation. The QED radiative corrections related to the final state radiation, additional to the well known Coulomb factor, are treated near threshold region exactly.
description: 18 pages, 9 eps pics, 2 feynmp diagrams, uses amsmath, graphicx, feynmp, epsf, some references were added
Feil, Ernst, Weth, Rudolf: Diskussion zur "Theologie der Revolution"
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Hans-Heinrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 18 Nr. 4 (1969): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 18, Heft 4
Theory of coherent transport by an ultra-cold atomic Fermi gas through linear arrays of potential wells
Creators: name: Bakhtiari, M. R.
name: Vignolo, P.
name: Tosi, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Growing interest is being given to transport of ultra-cold atomic gases through optical lattices generated by the interference of laser beams. In this connection we evaluate the phase-coherent transport of a spin-polarized gas of fermionic atoms along linear structures made from potential wells set in four alternative types of sequence. These are periodic chains of either identical wells or pairs of different wells, and chains of pairs of wells arranged in either a Fibonacci quasi-periodic sequence or a random sequence. The transmission coefficient of fermionic matter is evaluated in a T-matrix scattering approach by describing each array through a tight-binding Hamiltonian and by reducing it to an effective dimer by means of a decimation/renormalization method. The results are discussed in comparison with those pertaining to transport by Fermi-surface electrons coupled to an outgoing lead and by an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Main attention is given to (i) Bloch oscillations and their mapping into alternating-current flow through a Josephson junction; (ii) interference patterns that arise on period doubling and their analogy with beam splitting in optical interferometry; (iii) localization by quasi-periodic disorder inside a Fibonacci-ordered structure of double wells; and (iv) Anderson localization in a random structure of double wells.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
A PHASE-FIELD MODEL WITH MECHANICAL PLASTICITY TO SIMULATE THE HOT-PRESS SINTERING OF ZINC SULFIDE
Creators: name: Byerly, Alexis de Caix
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Infrared (IR) window and dome materials are used in defense and a variety of industries and have a unique set of material properties capable of surviving strenuous environments. IR window and dome materials must undergo rigorous design and testing to understand their thermal, structural, and optical limitations. In addition, manufacturing IR window materials is time-consuming, expensive, and requires substantial resources.The objective of this research is to develop a model that predicts the final microstructure of powder Zinc Sulfide (ZnS), a material used in IR windows, during the hot-press sintering process. A phase-field model is presented with mechanical plasticity to simulate the hot-press sintering process. The phase field, representing individual particles, tracks grain size evolution and is coupled to the mechanical response. A parametric study is performed, to understand the effects of individual variables on material attributes, such as density, grain size, and porosity during sintering. The proposed model predicts the resultant sintered material, which can be used during product design and prior to manufacturing and testing. This will provide government and industry an opportunity to reduce resources required for product development.The proposed phase-field model shows good comparison with published literature. A pore-controlled parametric study is conducted, showing that grain growth rate is controlled using pore volume fraction, pore to grain boundary area ratio, and mobility ratio. Simulations are performed with and without pressure, showing that grain growth rate is higher with no pressure and that microstructures approach equilibrium sooner with pressure. Results show that pore behavior is not predictable and that densification is driven by compression and not void movement.
The effects of lipoproteins on cyclosporine A toxicity and uptake in renal cells
Creators: name: Peteherych, Kathy Dawn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Cyclosporine A (CSA) is an effective immunosuppressant, but side effects such as renal toxicity can limit its therapeutic use. The hydrophobicity of CSA results in significant association of the drug with lipoproteins in the blood. Lipid levels in patients undergoing CSA therapy are correlated with CSA-induced renal toxicity. Renal damage in the glomerulus, the site of blood filtration, results in increased lipoprotein leakage into the proximal tubule, a major site of CSA toxicity. The current studies investigate the effects of lipoproteins on CSA-induced renal toxicity in the pig epithelial cell line LLC-PK1. Toxicity and uptake of CSA in the LLC-PK1 cell line were measured by protein synthesis and tritiated CSA, respectively. The three main classes of lipoproteins, very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) at hypo-, normo- and hyperlipidemic levels were tested for their ability to affect CSA-induced toxicity and uptake. The major component of each lipoprotein was also tested to determine its effects on CSA-induced toxicity and uptake. The involvement of lipoprotein receptors as determinants in mediating toxicity was also examined. ApoA-I, the major protein component of HDL, and intact LDL particles showed the most significant effects on CSA uptake and toxicity. The uptake and toxicity of CSA was effectively reduced with elevated LDL concentrations but showed a significant increase (p<0.05) when incubated with elevated concentrations of apoA-I. Increasing VLDL and HDL concentrations slightly reduced CSA toxicity and uptake, but showed little effect with increased incubation time. Triglyceride and cholesterol, the respective major components of VLDL and LDL did not alter CSA uptake or toxicity under the conditions tested. LDL and apoA-I are identified as the major effectors of CSA toxicity and uptake in LLC-PK1 cells. These effects may be mediated through receptors such as the LDL receptor or those involved in protein re-absorption. The data presented here clearly demonstrate a relationship between CSA-induced toxicity and the nature of the associated lipoprotein. Careful monitoring of lipid levels in patients undergoing CSA therapy may improve patient care and minimize CSA-induced toxicity in the kidney.
The shower size parameter as estimator of extensive air shower energy in fluorescence telescopes
Creators: name: de Souza, Vitor
name: Medina-Tanco, Gustavo
name: Ortiz, Jeferson A.
name: Sanchez, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluorescence technique has been successfully used to detect ultrahigh energy cosmic rays by indirect measurements. The underlying idea is that the number of charged particles in the atmospheric shower, i.e, its longitudinal profile, can be extracted from the amount of emitted nitrogen fluorescence light. However the influence of shower fluctuations and the very possible presence of different nuclear species in the primary cosmic ray spectrum makes the estimate of the shower energy from the fluorescence data analysis a difficult task. We investigate the potential of shower size at maximum depth as estimator of shower energy. The detection of the fluorescence light is simulated in detail and the reconstruction biases are carefully analyzed. We extend our calculations to both HiRes and EUSO experiments. This approach has shown some advantages to the reconstruction of the energy when compared to the standard analysis procedure.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF FULL INCOME VERSUS MONEY INCOME IN THE UNITED STATES
Creators: name: Thomas, Saji
name: Senauer, Benjamin
name: Thomas, Saji
name: Senauer, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This paper compares the distribution of money income and full income across households in the United States. The concept of full income was introduced in Becker's household model and provides a framework for estimating the economic value of productive non-market activities and leisure. If the allocation of time is voluntary, full income may be a better measure of economic welfare than money income. Non-parametric Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients are used to compare the two distributions. The data are from the Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation for 1984-86. Full income is more equally distributed than money income. However, the distribution remains very unequal. The income distributions are also compared for specific types of households.
Dualisation of the D=9 Matter Coupled Supergravity
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Nejat T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the bosonic dualisation of the matter coupled N=1, D=9 supergravity. We derive the Lie superalgebra which parameterizes the coset map whose Cartan form realizes the second-order bosonic field equations. Following the non-linear coset construction we present the first-order formulation of the bosonic field equations as a twisted self-duality condition.
description: 16 pages
Opinion dynamics on tie-decay networks
Creators: name: Sugishita, Kashin
name: Porter, Mason A.
name: Beguerisse-Díaz, Mariano
name: Masuda, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In social networks, interaction patterns typically change over time. We study opinion dynamics on tie-decay networks in which tie strength increases instantaneously when there is an interaction and decays exponentially between interactions. Specifically, we formulate continuous-time Laplacian dynamics and a discrete-time DeGroot model of opinion dynamics on these tie-decay networks, and we carry out numerical computations for the continuous-time Laplacian dynamics. We examine the speed of convergence by studying the spectral gaps of combinatorial Laplacian matrices of tie-decay networks. First, we compare the spectral gaps of the Laplacian matrices of tie-decay networks that we construct from empirical data with the spectral gaps for corresponding randomized and aggregate networks. We find that the spectral gaps for the empirical networks tend to be smaller than those for the randomized and aggregate networks. Second, we study the spectral gap as a function of the tie-decay rate and time. Intuitively, we expect small tie-decay rates to lead to fast convergence because the influence of each interaction between two nodes lasts longer for smaller decay rates. Moreover, as time progresses and more interactions occur, we expect eventual convergence. However, we demonstrate that the spectral gap need not decrease monotonically with respect to the decay rate or increase monotonically with respect to time. Our results highlight the importance of the interplay between the times that edges strengthen and decay in temporal networks.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
A REVIEW AND AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF STUDIES OF SOIL CONSERVATION PROGRAMS, PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES
Creators: name: Kerestes, Daniel E.
name: Easter, K. William
name: Kerestes, Daniel E.
name: Easter, K. William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper provides a brief synthesis of articles, papers and studies concerned with soil conservation programs, practices and strategies and their effects on income and water quality. The emphasis is on publications during the 1970's to help bring researchers up to date on some of the current literature.
Neutrino masses and the dark energy equation of state - relaxing the cosmological neutrino mass bound
Creators: name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmology at present provides the nominally strongest constraint on the masses of standard model neutrinos. However, this constraint extremely dependent on the nature of the dark energy component of the Universe. When the dark energy equation of state parameter is taken as a free (but constant) parameter, the neutrino mass bound is sum m_nu < 1.48 eV (95% C.L.), compared with sum m_nu < 0.65 eV (95% C.L.) in the standard model where the dark energy is in the form of a cosmological constant. This has important consequences for future experiments aimed at the direct measurement of neutrino masses. We also discuss prospects for future cosmological measurements of neutrino masses.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, minor changes, matches version to appear in PRL
Neuenzeit, Paul: Die Funktion der Theologie in Kirche und Gesellschaft
Creators: name: Reitz, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 18 Nr. 4 (1969): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 18, Heft 4
Comprehensive analysis of beta decays within and beyond the Standard Model
Creators: name: Falkowski, Adam
name: González-Alonso, Martín
name: Naviliat-Cuncic, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision measurements in allowed nuclear beta decays and neutron decay are reviewed and analyzed both within the Standard Model and looking for new physics. The analysis incorporates the most recent experimental and theoretical developments. The results are interpreted in terms of Wilson coefficients describing the effective interactions between leptons and nucleons (or quarks) that are responsible for beta decay. New global fits are performed incorporating a comprehensive list of precision measurements in neutron decay, superallowed $0^+\rightarrow 0^+$ transitions, and other nuclear decays that include, for the first time, data from mirror beta transitions. The results confirm the $V$-$A$ character of the interaction and translate into updated values for $V_{ud}$ and $g_A$ at the $10^{-4}$ level. We also place new stringent limits on exotic couplings involving left-handed and right-handed neutrinos, which benefit significantly from the inclusion of mirror decays in the analysis.
description: 35 pages; v2: analysis updated, comments and references added; v3: compared to the JHEP version, typos in Eqs. 2.1, A3, A4 corrected, Eq. 4.4 updated, comment on aCORN update added in footnote 12
Averaging sequences and abelian rank in amenable groups
Creators: name: Hochman, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A15, 37A30, 28D15

description: We investigate the connection between the abelian rank of a countable amenable group and the existence of good averaging sequences (e.g. for the pointwise ergodic theorem). We show that if $G$ is a group of abelian rank $r(G)$ then any Tempel'man sequence must have constant at least $2^{r(G)}$ and if $G$ is abelian this constant is achieved. On the other hand, infinite rank excludes the existence of Tempel'man sequences and forces all tempered sequences to grow super-exponentially.
description: 7 pages; to appear in Israel Journal of Mathematics