cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in mortality after acute myocardial infarction
Creators: name: Wrightson, Jacqueline Dorene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Women die after AMI at a rate approximately double that of men (Blister et al., 2000), as evidenced by an abundant number of epidemiological and clinical studies. Contentious debate about this alarming problem has been fueled by inadequate conceptualization of the problem, and misread evidence resulting from selection bias. The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the associations between sociodemographics and comorbidities (CHF, hypertension, diabetes) and short-term mortality after AMI. Surprisingly, there is no published study to date that has examined the effects of these factors on mortality after AMI in the Canadian context. The study was of exploratory, descriptive design and secondary analysis was used. The AMI cohort (n = 1, 365) was the total population of patients (342 women, 827 men) in 1994 diagnosed with AMITCD 9 Code 410 and admitted to a BC hospital. A logistic regression model was used to assess independently the effects of age and gender and to control the effects of possible confounders (CHF, hypertension, diabetes, SES) on the outcome variable (mortality). Significantly more women (19.9%) died after AMI compared to men (10.5%; odds ratio 1.81, 95% CI 1.24 - 2.64) within the initial hospitalization. CHF was a significant predictor of mortality (odds ratio 1.76, 95% CI 1.05 - 2.93), hypertension, diabetes, and SES Quintile were not significant predictors. The results of this study have implications for critically needed research on gender differences in mortality after AMI, judicious screening/monitoring of women, follow-up, and population health.
Additional file 1 of Hospital physicians’ experiences with procalcitonin – implications for antimicrobial stewardship; a qualitative study
Creators: name: Christensen, Ingrid
name: Haug, Jon Birger
name: Berild, Dag
name: Bjørnholt, Jørgen Vildershøj
name: Lars-Petter Jelsness-Jørgensen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Additional file 1_Point_of_care_questionnaire_PCT_use: Point of care questionnaire of the uses and consequences of PCT use.
Additional file 2 of Pharmacokinetic profile of amodiaquine and its active metabolite desethylamodiaquine in Ghanaian patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria
Creators: name: Anyorigiya, Thomas A.
name: Castel, Sandra
name: Mauff, Katya
name: Atuguba, Frank
name: Bernhards Ogutu
name: Oduro, Abraham
name: Dosoo, David
name: Kwaku-Poku Asante
name: Owusu-Agyei, Seth
name: Dodoo, Alexander
name: Hodgson, Abraham
name: Binka, Fred
name: Workman, Lesley J.
name: Allen, Elizabeth N.
name: Denti, Paolo
name: Wiesner, Lubbe
name: Barnes, Karen I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Pharmacokinetic parameters (median, IQR) of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine following artesunate-amodiaquine fixed-dose combination treatment of Ghanaian patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, by study site and age category.
Der arabische Einfluß in der äthiopischen Übersetzung der Johannes-Apokalypse
Creators: name: Hofmann, Josef
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 44 (1960): Oriens christianus, Band 44
The role of adherens junction proteins in the initiation of ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Wu, Colleen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Cells of the human ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) are plastic and uncommitted. Specifically, OSE cells do not express E-cadherin and they can shift between epithelial and stationary or mesenchymal and migratory phenotypes. In contrast, well differentiated, low grade ovarian carcinomas, which are thought to arise from the OSE, express E-cadherin and they display a committed epithelial phenotype. E-cadherin expression and stationary epithelial commitment are first observed in OSE-derived inclusion cysts and clefts which are thought to be weakly pre-neoplastic. Therefore, I determined if forced E-cadherin expression in OSE cells was capable of inducing this commitment to a stationary epithelial phenotype that is a hallmark of the earliest stages of ovarian carcinoma formation. High levels of forced E-cadherin expression in an immortalized human OSE cell line achieved by stable transfection induced the localization of E-cadherin, P-catenin, and f-actin to sites of cell-cell contact. High levels E-cadherin also resulted in an increase in the amount of P-catenin associated with the cytoskeleton formation and a decrease in LEF-l/p-catenin signaling. Taken together, these data indicate that high levels of forced E-cadherin expression induced the formation of functional epithelial junctions in immortalized OSE cells. In addition, these cells had migratory capabilities in threedimensional basement membrane gels compared to controls and low E-cadherin expressors. This strongly suggests that E-cadherin is capable of inducing a stationary epithelial phenotype in human OSE cells.
Integrated Management of the Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia: Hydropower and Irrigation Modeling
Creators: name: Block, Paul J.
name: Block, Paul J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Ethiopia
subject: dams
subject: water resources development
subject: hydrologic model
subject: energy
subject: climate variability
subject: climate change

description: Ethiopia is at a critical crossroads with a large and increasing population, a depressed national economy, insufficient agricultural production, and a low number of developed energy sources. The upper Blue Nile basin harbors considerable untapped potential for irrigation and hydropower development and expansion. Numerous hydrologic models have been developed to assess hydropower and agricultural irrigation potential within the basin, yet often fail to adequately address critical aspects, including the transient stages of large-scale reservoirs, relevant flow retention policies and associated downstream ramifications, and the implications of stochastic modeling of variable climate and climate change. A hydrologic model with dynamic climate capabilities is constructed to assess these aspects. The model indicates that large-scale development typically produces benefit-cost ratios from 1.2-1.8 under historical climate regimes for the projects specified. Climate change scenarios indicate potential for small benefit-cost increases, but reflect possible significant decreases. Stochastic modeling of scenarios representing a doubling of the historical frequency of El Niño events indicates benefit-cost ratios as low as 1.0 due to a lack of timely water. An evaluation of expected energy growth rates reinforces the need for significant economic planning and the necessity of securing energy trade contracts prior to extensive development. A Ramsey growth model for energy development specifies project multipliers on total GDP over the 100-year simulation ranging from 1.7-5.2, for various climatologic conditions.
Electron Energization in Quasi-Parallel Shocks: Test-Particle-Electrons in a Proton Driven Turbulence
Creators: name: Hanusch, Adrian
name: Liseykina, Tatyana
name: Malkov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In situ observations of energetic particles at the Earth's bow-shock that are attainable by the satellite missions have long created the opinion that electrons are most efficiently accelerated in a quasi-perpendicular shock geometry. However, shocks that are deemed to be responsible for the production of cosmic ray electrons and their radiation from sources such as supernova remnants are much more powerful and larger than the Earth's bow-shock. Their remote observations and in situ measurements at Saturn's bow shock, suggest that electrons are accelerated very efficiently in the quasi-parallel shocks as well. In this paper we investigate the possibility that protons that are accelerated to high energies create sufficient wave turbulence, which is necessary for the electron preheating and subsequent injection into the diffusive shock acceleration in a quasi-parallel shock geometry. An additional test-particle-electron population, which is meant to be a low-density addition to the electron core-distribution on which the hybrid simulation operates, is introduced. We investigate how these electrons are energized by the hybrid electromagnetic field. The reduced spatial dimensionality allowed us to dramatically increase the number of macro-ions per numerical cell and achieve the converged results for the velocity distributions of test electrons. We discuss the electron preheating mechanisms, which can make a significant part of thermal electrons accessible to the ion-driven waves observed in hybrid simulations. We find that the precursor wave field supplied by ions has a considerable potential to preheat the electrons before they are shocked at the subshock.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Formation of NH2CHO and CH3CHO upon UV photoprocessing of interstellar ice analogs
Creators: name: Martin-Domenech, Rafael
name: Oberg, Karin I.
name: Rajappan, Mahesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex organic molecules (COMs) can be produced by energetic processing of interstellar ice mantles accreted on top of dust grains. Two COMs with proposed energetic ice formation pathways are formamide and acetaldehyde. Both have been detected in Solar System comets, and in different circumstellar and interstellar environments. In this work, we study the NH2CHO and CH3CHO formation upon UV photoprocessing of CO:NH3 and CO:CH4 ice samples. The conversion from NH2 radicals to NH2CHO is 2-16 times higher than the conversion from CH3 radicals to CH3CHO under the explored experimental conditions, likely because the formation of the latter competes with the formation of larger hydrocarbons. In addition, the conversion of NH2 into NH2CHO at 10 K increases with the NH3 abundance in the ice, and also with the temperature in CO-dominated CO:NH3 ices. This is consistent with the presence of a small NH2 and HCO reorientation barrier for the formation of NH2CHO, which is overcome with an increase in the ice temperature. The measured NH2CHO and CH3CHO formation efficiencies and rates are similar to those found during electron irradiation of the same ice samples under comparable conditions, suggesting that both UV photons and cosmic rays would have similar contributions to the solid-state formation of these species in space. Finally, the measured conversion yields (up to one order of magnitude higher for NH2CHO) suggest that in circumstellar environments, where the observed NH2CHO/CH3CHO abundance ratio is 0.1, there are likely additional ice and/or gas phase formation pathways for CH3CHO.
Heat transfer in gama-phase of oxygen
Creators: name: Konstantinov, V. A.
name: Manzhelii, V. G.
name: Revyakin, V. P.
name: Sagan, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isochoric thermal conductivity of gama-O2 has been studied on samples of varying density in the temperature interval from 44 K to the onset of melting. The thermal conductivity of nearly free sample decreases at rising temperature along the isochores. It is shown that the absolute value of thermal conductivity in the gama-phase of O2 is close to its lower limit and most of the heat is transported by "diffusive" modes. The growth of thermal conductivity in gama-O2 is attributed to the decay of the phonon scattering at the rotational excitations of the molecules and at the short-range magnetic order fluctuations at rising temperature.
description: Postscript 9 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. To be published in 2005
Estimating Farm Efficiency in the Presence of Double Heteroscedasticity Using Panel Data
Creators: name: Hadri, Kaddour
name: Guermat, Cherif
name: Whittaker, Julie
name: Hadri, Kaddour
name: Guermat, Cherif
name: Whittaker, Julie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: stochastic frontier production
subject: heteroscedasticity
subject: technical efficiency
subject: panel data

description: The accuracy of technical efficiency measures is important given the interest in such measures in policy discussions. In recent years the use of stochastic frontiers has become popular for estimating technical inefficiency, but estimated inefficiencies are sensitive to specification errors. One source of such errors is heteroscedasticity. This paper addresses this issue by extending the Hadri (1999) correction for heteroscedasticity to stochastic production frontiers and to panel data. It is argued that heteroscedasticity within an estimation can have a significant effect on results, and that correcting for heteroscedasticity yields more accurate measures of technical inefficiency. Using panel data on cereal farms, it is found that the usual technical efficiency measures used in stochastic production frontiers are significantly sensitive to the extended correction for heteroscedasticity.
Acceleration Mechanics in Relativistic Shocks by the Weibel Instability
Creators: name: Nishikawa, K. -I.
name: Hardee, P. E.
name: Hededal, C. B.
name: Fishman, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasma instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks may be responsible for particle (electron, positron, and ion) acceleration. Using a 3-D relativistic electromagnetic particle (REMP) code, we have investigated long-term particle acceleration associated with relativistic electron-ion or electron-positron jet fronts propagating into an unmagnetized ambient electron-ion or electron-positron plasma. These simulations have been performed with a longer simulation system than our previous simulations in order to investigate the nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability and its particle acceleration mechanism. The current channels generated by the Weibel instability are surrounded by toroidal magnetic fields and radial electric fields. This radial electric field is quasi stationary and accelerates particles which are then deflected by the magnetic field.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, A full resolution ot the paper can be found at http://gammaray.nsstc.nasa.gov/~nishikawa/accmec.pdf
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of drug prescription pattern using World Health Organization prescribing indicators in public health facilities found in Ethiopia: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Tefera, Bereket Bahiru
name: Melese Getachew
name: Bekalu Kebede
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The checklist of the quality appraisal of articles.
Additional file 2 of Transcriptomic insight into salinomycin mechanisms in breast cancer cell lines: synergistic effects with dasatinib and induction of estrogen receptor β
Creators: name: Bellat, Vanessa
name: Verchère, Alice
name: Ashe, Sally A.
name: Law, Benedict
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2 Table S2: Table summarizing the number of genes upregulated and downregulated by different drug treatments. MDA-MB-468 cells were treated with the Sal or Das alone, or the drug combination (S + D) for 24 h and 72 h prior to extract the mRNAs for RNA-seq analysis. The experiments were independently performed in quadruplicate.
Canalizing Kauffman networks: non-ergodicity and its effect on their critical behavior
Creators: name: Moreira, Andre A.
name: Amaral, Luis A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boolean Networks have been used to study numerous phenomena, including gene regulation, neural networks, social interactions, and biological evolution. Here, we propose a general method for determining the critical behavior of Boolean systems built from arbitrary ensembles of Boolean functions. In particular, we solve the critical condition for systems of units operating according to canalizing functions and present strong numerical evidence that our approach correctly predicts the phase transition from order to chaos in such systems.
description: to be published in PRL
Supersymmetry and the LHC Inverse Problem
Creators: name: Arkani-Hamed, Nima
name: Kane, Gordon L.
name: Thaler, Jesse
name: Wang, Lian-Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given experimental evidence at the LHC for physics beyond the standard model, how can we determine the nature of the underlying theory? We initiate an approach to studying the "inverse map" from the space of LHC signatures to the parameter space of theoretical models within the context of low-energy supersymmetry, using 1808 LHC observables including essentially all those suggested in the literature and a 15 dimensional parametrization of the supersymmetric standard model. We show that the inverse map of a point in signature space consists of a number of isolated islands in parameter space, indicating the existence of "degeneracies"--qualitatively different models with the same LHC signatures. The degeneracies have simple physical characterizations, largely reflecting discrete ambiguities in electroweak-ino spectrum, accompanied by small adjustments for the remaining soft parameters. The number of degeneracies falls in the range 1
description: 55 pages, 30 figures
Schubert varieties and finite free resolutions of length three
Creators: name: Sam, Steven V
name: Weyman, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D02, 13H10, 14M15

description: In this paper we describe the relationship between the finite free resolutions of perfect ideals in split format (for Dynkin formats) and certain intersections of opposite Schubert varieties with the big cell for homogeneous spaces $G/P$ where $P$ is a maximal parabolic subgroup.
description: 12 pages; Dedicated to Laurent Gruson with thanks for his guidance and friendship
Additional file 1 of Transcriptomic insight into salinomycin mechanisms in breast cancer cell lines: synergistic effects with dasatinib and induction of estrogen receptor β
Creators: name: Bellat, Vanessa
name: Verchère, Alice
name: Ashe, Sally A.
name: Law, Benedict
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Table S1: Table summarizing the source and the identifier of the reagents and resources used for this study.
Additional file 1 of Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis by modulating macrophage polarization via interleukin-6
Creators: name: Yang, Chih-Yu
name: Pu-Yuan Chang
name: Chen, Jun-Yi
name: Wu, Bo-Sheng
name: An-Hang Yang
name: Lee, Oscar Kuang-Sheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The dedifferentiation process of peritoneal mesothelial cells was shown as represented immunofluorescence staining: human nucleoli, cytokeratin 18, N-cadherin staining, and α-SMA staining (red color). Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue color). Scale bar = 50 μm. Abbreviations: CtrL, control; MGO, methylglyoxal; BM-MSC, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell; ADSC, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell; α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin; DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Figure S2. Macrophage polarization was shown as represented immunofluorescence staining: iNOS (M1 macrophage marker), Arg-1and CD163 (M2 macrophage markers) staining (red color). Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue color). Scale bar = 50 μm. Abbreviations: CtrL, control; MGO, methylglyoxal; BM-MSC, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell; ADSC, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; Arg-1, arginase 1; DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Figure S3. ADSC secreted more IL-6 by TGF-β1 treatment. Different concentration of TGF-β1 was treated with BM-MSC and ADSC for 24 h, and the supernatant medium was analyzed with IL-6 ELISA. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. ANOVA, p
Was There a Credit Crunch in Namibia Between 1996-2000?
Creators: name: Ikhide, Sylvanus
name: Ikhide, Sylvanus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Africa
subject: Namibia
subject: credit crunch
subject: asymmetric information
subject: economic growth

description: Commercial bank credit is a useful tool for promoting economic growth especially at the early stages of development. It has been observed that between 1996 and the early part of 2000, the growth rate of real credit to the private sector declined significantly in Namibia. This period coincided with observed strong demand for commercial bank loans. There has therefore been public discourse on the possibility of a restriction in the supply of credit by commercial banks and hence the occurrence of a credit crunch in the economy since commercial bank lending capacity did not fall. This paper attempts to provide some evidence in this regard by examining the main determinants of commercial bank credit in the economy and ascertaining if credit has been demand or supply constrained. This has been done through a survey of disaggregated data in the banking industry and an estimation of a switching regression model to identify regimes of excess supply and demand. Although it is difficult to determine in the face of obvious demand factors the extent to which the credit slowdown can be attributed to credit supply factors, our results show that supply factors did play a major role.
Averaging Over Narain Moduli Space
Creators: name: Maloney, Alexander
name: Witten, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments involving JT gravity in two dimensions indicate that under some conditions, a gravitational path integral is dual to an average over an ensemble of boundary theories, rather than to a specific boundary theory. For an example in one dimension more, one would like to compare a random ensemble of two-dimensional CFT's to Einstein gravity in three dimensions. But this is difficult. For a simpler problem, here we average over Narain's family of two-dimensional CFT's obtained by toroidal compactification. These theories are believed to be the most general ones with their central charges and abelian current algebra symmetries, so averaging over them means picking a random CFT with those properties. The average can be computed using the Siegel-Weil formula of number theory and has some properties suggestive of a bulk dual theory that would be an exotic theory of gravity in three dimensions. The bulk dual theory would be more like $U(1)^{2D}$ Chern-Simons theory than like Einstein gravity.
description: 46 pages
Reply to "Comment on Universal Decoherence in Solids"
Creators: name: Chudnovsky, Eugene M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Comment of Openov (PRL 93, 158901 (2004)) on my Physical Review Letter (PRL 92, 120405 (2004)) does not affect the universality of the decoherence mechanism described in the Letter.
description: 1 page, no figures
Augmented Gravity Model: An Empirical Application to Mercosur-European Union Trade Flows
Creators: name: Martinez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada
name: Nowak-Lehmann, Felicitas
name: Martinez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada
name: Nowak-Lehmann, Felicitas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: gravity equation
subject: panel data
subject: infrastructure
subject: integration

description: This paper applies the gravity trade model to assess Mercosur-European Union trade, and trade potential following the agreements reached recently between both trade blocs. The model is tested for a sample of 20 countries, the four formal members of Mercosur plus Chile and the fifteen members of the European Union. A panel data analysis is used to disentangle the time invariant country-specific effects and to capture the relationships between the relevant variables over time. We find that the fixed effect model is to be preferred to the random effects gravity model. Furthermore, a number of variables, namely, infrastructure, income differences and exchange rates added to the standard gravity equation, are found to be important determinants of bilateral trade flows.
Mg isotope ratios in giant stars of the globular clusters M 13 and M 71
Creators: name: Yong, David
name: Aoki, Wako
name: Lambert, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Mg isotope ratios in 4 red giants of the globular cluster M 13 and 1 red giant of the globular cluster M 71 based on spectra obtained with HDS on the Subaru Telescope. We confirm earlier results by Shetrone that for M 13, the ratio varies from (25+26)Mg/24Mg = 1 in stars with the highest Al abundance to (25+26)Mg/24Mg = 0.2 in stars with the lowest Al abundance. However, we separate the contributions of all three isotopes and find a spread in the ratio 24Mg:25Mg:26Mg with values ranging from 48:13:39 to 78:11:11. As in NGC 6752, we find a positive correlation between 26Mg and Al, an anticorrelation between 24Mg and Al, and no correlation between 25Mg and Al. In M 71, our one star has a ratio 70:13:17. For both clusters, the lowest ratios of 25Mg/24Mg and 26Mg/24Mg exceed those observed in field stars at the same metallicity, a result also found in NGC 6752. The contribution of 25Mg to the total Mg abundance is constant within a given cluster and between clusters with 25Mg/(24+25+26)Mg = 0.13. For M 13 and NGC 6752, the ranges of the Mg isotope ratios are similar and both clusters show the same correlations between Al and Mg isotopes suggesting that the same process is responsible for the abundance variations in these clusters. While existing models fail to reproduce all the observed abundances, we continue to favor the scenario in which two generations of AGB stars produce the observed abundances. A first generation of metal-poor AGB stars pollutes the entire cluster and is responsible for the large ratios of 25Mg/24Mg and 26Mg/24Mg observed in cluster stars with compositions identical to field stars at the same metallicity. Differing degrees of pollution by a second generation of AGB stars of the same metallicity as the cluster provides the star-to-star scatter in Mg isotope ratios.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Learning Discriminative Feature with CRF for Unsupervised Video Object Segmentation
Creators: name: Zhen, Mingmin
name: Li, Shiwei
name: Zhou, Lei
name: Shang, Jiaxiang
name: Feng, Haoan
name: Fang, Tian
name: Quan, Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce a novel network, called discriminative feature network (DFNet), to address the unsupervised video object segmentation task. To capture the inherent correlation among video frames, we learn discriminative features (D-features) from the input images that reveal feature distribution from a global perspective. The D-features are then used to establish correspondence with all features of test image under conditional random field (CRF) formulation, which is leveraged to enforce consistency between pixels. The experiments verify that DFNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a large margin with a mean IoU score of 83.4% and ranks first on the DAVIS-2016 leaderboard while using much fewer parameters and achieving much more efficient performance in the inference phase. We further evaluate DFNet on the FBMS dataset and the video saliency dataset ViSal, reaching a new state-of-the-art. To further demonstrate the generalizability of our framework, DFNet is also applied to the image object co-segmentation task. We perform experiments on a challenging dataset PASCAL-VOC and observe the superiority of DFNet. The thorough experiments verify that DFNet is able to capture and mine the underlying relations of images and discover the common foreground objects.
Additional file 1 of Genetic-variant hotspots and hotspot clusters in the human genome facilitating adaptation while increasing instability
Creators: name: Long, Xi
name: Xue, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary FigureS1. Size-classification of germline CNV regions retrieved from dbVar database. Supplementary Figure S2. Heat map of pairwise Spearman’s correlation coefficients (rS) among different genomic features and markers in 500-kb non-overlapping autosomal windows. Supplementary Figure S3. Refinement of hotpsot boundary by weighted density. Supplementary Figure S4. Flowchart of protocol for identifying SNP hotspots. Supplementary Figure S5. Density of GWAS-identified SNPs in ten groups of hotspots and clusters ranked based on minor allele frequency from low (group 1) to high (group 10). Supplementary Figure S6. Comparison of GV densities in hotspots (red boxplots) and in simulated windows with matching number and size of the hotspots (grey boxplots). Supplementary Figure S7. Comparison of GV allele frequencies in hotspots (red bars) and in total autosomal windows (grey bars) binned by the average size of GV hotspots (1,887 bp). Supplementary Figure S8. Density distribution of SVA and Alu subfamilies near eight kinds of genetic variants. Cumulative density of 42 SVA and Alu subfamilies within ± 5-kb of SNP, SID, MST, SCNV, MCNV, LCNV, ECNV and SDP entries (in 50-bp increments). Supplementary Figure S9. Length distribution of MCNVs in the MCNV hotspots with high or low levels of histone modifications. Supplementary Figure S10. Genomic-feature contents of total (first column in upper panel) and 23 kinds of hotspot clusters with distinct hotspot-compositions. Supplementary Figure S11. Enrichment Map for Distal-zone-enriched genes annotated using g:Profiler based on Gene Ontology biological process and KEGG. Supplementary Figure S12. Comparison of risk allele frequency, odds ratio and heritability of GWAS-identified SNPs located within total autosomal windows (grey bars) relative to those located within hotspots (red bars) or clusters (blue bars). Supplementary Figure S13. Co-localization among different kinds of genetic variants. Supplementary Figure S14. Distribution of GVs around the telomere ends.
Geomorphic process domains in a mountain basin
Creators: name: White, Russell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study seeks to identify geomorphic process domains in a mountain basin by examining the manner in which channel widths and channel gradients change with increasing drainage basin scale. A conceptual model was proposed which identified hillslope, colluvial and alluvial process domains. These domains were thought to be governed by processes of mass wasting, deposition of hillslope materials and fluvial processes and purely fluvial processes, respectively. Channel widths and gradients were measured in 62 reaches. Drainage areas were determined cartographically, except for basins smaller than approximately 0.01 km2 , which were mapped in the field. Results show that process domains can be delineated on the basis of spatial scale as power law exponents were significantly different between the hillslope and colluvial process domains. The alluvial process domain was not detected. Three distinct groups were identified at the hillslope scale. At the smallest scale channels are unincised and have not experienced mass wasting. At larger scale channels are incised and reflect the magnitude/frequency regime of mass wasting events. No significant difference was detected between the slope co-efficients of the three hillslope classes. However, offsets were significantly different, reflecting changes in sediment transport regime. Two geomorphic thresholds were identified by this study; the constants of channel maintenance for unincised and incised channels, with values of 0.01 and 0.06 km respectively. The value of the constant of channel maintenance is therefore a function of the process by which the channel is maintained.
Gate tunable topological flat bands in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Park, Youngju
name: Chittari, Bheema Lingam
name: Jung, Jeil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the band structure of twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene (tMBG), or twisted graphene on bilayer graphene (tGBG), as a function of twist angles and perpendicular electric fields in search of optimum conditions for achieving isolated nearly flat bands. Narrow bandwidths comparable or smaller than the effective Coulomb energies satisfying $U_{\textrm{eff}} /W \gtrsim 1$ are expected for twist angles in the range of $0.3^{\circ} \sim 1.5^{\circ}$, more specifically in islands around $θ\sim 0.5^{\circ}, \, 0.85^{\circ}, \,1.3^{\circ}$ for appropriate perpendicular electric field magnitudes and directions. The valley Chern numbers of the electron-hole asymmetric bands depend intrinsically on the details of the hopping terms in the bilayer graphene, and extrinsically on factors like electric fields or average staggered potentials in the graphene layer aligned with the contacting hexagonal boron nitride substrate. This tunability of the band isolation, bandwidth, and valley Chern numbers makes of tMBG a more versatile system than twisted bilayer graphene for finding nearly flat bands prone to strong correlations.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
The 1990s in Latin America: Another Decade of Persistent Inequality, but with Somewhat Lower Poverty
Creators: name: Szekely, Miguel
name: Szekely, Miguel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: inequality
subject: poverty
subject: Latin America

description: This paper processes 76 household surveys from 17 Latin American countries to document changes in poverty and inequality during the 1990s, and performs an analysis of the effect of economic reforms on inequality and poverty by using an expanded data base of 94 surveys spanning the 1977-2000 period. We show that there is no country in Latin America where inequality declined during the 1990s. Poverty declined in 10 or 11 out of the 17 countries for which household surveys are available to us, depending on the poverty measured used. Persistently high inequality inhibited further poverty reduction. One important factor contributing to the persistently high inequality level is financial liberalization. Trade liberalization and slight inequality-reducing effect.
A generating functional approach to the Hubbard model
Creators: name: Izyumov, Yu. A.
name: Chaschin, N. I.
name: Alexeev, D. S.
name: Mancini, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of generating functional is generalized to the case of strongly correlated systems, and applied to the Hubbard model. For the electronic Green's function constructed for Hubbard operators, an equation using variational derivatives with respect to the fluctuating fields has been derived and its multiplicative form has been determined. Corrections for the electronic self-energy are calculated up to the second order with respect to the parameter W/U (W width of the band), and a mean field type approximation was formulated, including both charge and spin static fluctuations. The equations for the Bose-like Green's functions have been derived, describing the collective modes: the magnons and doublons. The properties of the poles of the doublon Green's functions depend on electronic filling. The investigation of the special case n=1 demonstrates that the doublon Green's function has a soft mode at the wave vector Q=(pi,pi,...), indicating possible instability of the uniform paramagnetic phase relatively to the two sublattices charge ordering. However this instability should compete with an instability to antiferromagnetic ordering.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Eur. Phys. J. B
Additional file 2 of Are return to work beliefs, psychological well-being and perceived health related to return-to-work intentions among women on long-term sick leave for common mental disorders? A cross-sectional study based on the theory of planned behaviour
Creators: name: Hedlund, Åsa
name: Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena
name: Boman, Eva
name: Nilsson, Annika
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary material, RTW Beliefs Questionnaire
The fundamental groups of subsets of closed surfaces inject into their first shape groups
Creators: name: Fischer, Hanspeter
name: Zastrow, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55Q52, 55Q07, 57N05, 20E25, 20E26

description: We show that for every subset X of a closed surface M^2 and every basepoint x_0, the natural homomorphism from the fundamental group to the first shape homotopy group, is injective. In particular, if X is a proper compact subset of M^2, then pi_1(X,x_0) is isomorphic to a subgroup of the limit of an inverse sequence of finitely generated free groups; it is therefore locally free, fully residually free and residually finite.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-67.abs.html
Benchmarking boron carbide equation of state using computation and experiment
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuai
name: Marshall, Michelle C.
name: Yang, Lin H.
name: Sterne, Philip A.
name: Militzer, Burkhard
name: Daene, Markus
name: Gaffney, James A.
name: Shamp, Andrew
name: Ogitsu, Tadashi
name: Caspersen, Kyle
name: Lazicki, Amy E.
name: Erskine, David
name: London, Richard A.
name: Celliers, Peter M.
name: Nilsen, Joseph
name: Whitley, Heather D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boron carbide (B$_4$C) is of both fundamental scientific and practical interest in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high energy density physics experiments. We report the results of a comprehensive computational study of the equation of state (EOS) of B$_4$C in the liquid, warm dense matter, and plasma phases. Our calculations are cross-validated by comparisons with Hugoniot measurements up to 61 megabar from planar shock experiments performed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Our computational methods include path integral Monte Carlo, activity expansion, as well as all-electron Green's function Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker and molecular dynamics that are both based on density functional theory. We calculate the pressure-internal energy EOS of B$_4$C over a broad range of temperatures ($\sim$6$\times$10$^3$--5$\times$10$^8$ K) and densities (0.025--50 g/cm$^{3}$). We assess that the largest discrepancies between theoretical predictions are $\lesssim$5% near the compression maximum at 1--2$\times10^6$ K. This is the warm-dense state in which the K shell significantly ionizes and has posed grand challenges to theory and experiment. By comparing with different EOS models, we find a Purgatorio model (LEOS 2122) that agrees with our calculations. The maximum discrepancies in pressure between our first-principles predictions and LEOS 2122 are $\sim$18% and occur at temperatures between 6$\times$10$^3$--2$\times$10$^5$ K, which we believe originate from differences in the ion thermal term and the cold curve that are modeled in LEOS 2122 in comparison with our first-principles calculations. In addition, we have developed three new equation of state models and applied them to 1D hydrodynamic simulations of a polar direct-drive NIF implosion, demonstrating that these new models are now available for future ICF design studies.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables
Extending the average spectrum method: Grid points sampling and density averaging
Creators: name: Ghanem, Khaldoon
name: Koch, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytic continuation of imaginary time or frequency data to the real axis is a crucial step in extracting dynamical properties from quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The average spectrum method provides an elegant solution by integrating over all non-negative spectra weighted by how well they fit the data. In a recent paper, we found that discretizing the functional integral as in Feynman's path-integrals, does not have a well-defined continuum limit. Instead, the limit depends on the discretization grid whose choice may strongly bias the results. In this paper, we demonstrate that sampling the grid points, instead of keeping them fixed, also changes the functional integral limit and rather helps to overcome the bias considerably. We provide an efficient algorithm for doing the sampling and show how the density of the grid points acts now as a default model with a significantly reduced biasing effect. The remaining bias depends mainly on the width of the grid density, so we go one step further and average also over densities of different widths. For a certain class of densities, including Gaussian and exponential ones, this width averaging can be done analytically, eliminating the need to specify this parameter without introducing any computational overhead.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1 of Are return to work beliefs, psychological well-being and perceived health related to return-to-work intentions among women on long-term sick leave for common mental disorders? A cross-sectional study based on the theory of planned behaviour
Creators: name: Hedlund, Åsa
name: Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena
name: Boman, Eva
name: Nilsson, Annika
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary material, Table 1.
Temperature in One-Dimensional Bosonic Mott insulators
Creators: name: Reischl, A.
name: Schmidt, K. P.
name: Uhrig, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mott insulating phase of a one-dimensional bosonic gas trapped in optical lattices is described by a Bose-Hubbard model. A continuous unitary transformation is used to map this model onto an effective model conserving the number of elementary excitations. We obtain quantitative results for the kinetics and for the spectral weights of the low-energy excitations for a broad range of parameters in the insulating phase. By these results, recent Bragg spectroscopy experiments are explained. Evidence for a significant temperature of the order of the microscopic energy scales is found.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Universality and m_X cut effects in B -> Xs l+ l-
Creators: name: Lee, Keith S. M.
name: Ligeti, Zoltan
name: Stewart, Iain W.
name: Tackmann, Frank J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most precise comparison between theory and experiment for the B -> Xs l+ l- rate is in the low q^2 region, but the hadronic uncertainties associated with an experimentally required cut on m_X potentially spoil the search for new physics in these decays. We show that a 10-30% reduction of dΓ(B -> Xs l+ l-) / dq^2 due to the m_X cut can be accurately computed using the B -> X_s gamma shape function. The effect is universal for all short distance contributions in the limit m_X^2 << m_B^2, and this universality is spoiled neither by realistic values of the m_X cut nor by alpha_s corrections. Both the differential decay rate and forward-backward asymmetry with an m_X cut are computed.
description: 5 pages, journal version