cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A (More) Realistic Evaluation Setup for Generalisation of Community Models on Malicious Content Detection
Creators: name: Verhoeven, Ivo
name: Mishra, Pushkar
name: Beloch, Rahel
name: Yannakoudakis, Helen
name: Shutova, Ekaterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Community models for malicious content detection, which take into account the context from a social graph alongside the content itself, have shown remarkable performance on benchmark datasets. Yet, misinformation and hate speech continue to propagate on social media networks. This mismatch can be partially attributed to the limitations of current evaluation setups that neglect the rapid evolution of online content and the underlying social graph. In this paper, we propose a novel evaluation setup for model generalisation based on our few-shot subgraph sampling approach. This setup tests for generalisation through few labelled examples in local explorations of a larger graph, emulating more realistic application settings. We show this to be a challenging inductive setup, wherein strong performance on the training graph is not indicative of performance on unseen tasks, domains, or graph structures. Lastly, we show that graph meta-learners trained with our proposed few-shot subgraph sampling outperform standard community models in the inductive setup. We make our code publicly available.
description: To be published at Findings of NAACL 2024
Open quantum dynamics theory for a complex subenvironment system with a quantum thermostat: Application to a spin heat bath
Creators: name: Nakamura, Kiyoto
name: Tanimura, Yoshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex environments, such as molecular matrices and biological material, play a fundamental role in many important dynamic processes in condensed phases. Because it is extremely difficult to conduct full quantum dynamics simulations on such environments due to their many degrees of freedom, here we treat in detail the environment only around the main system of interest (the subenvironment), while the other degrees of freedom needed to maintain the equilibrium temperature are described by a simple harmonic bath, which we call a quantum thermostat. The noise generated by the subenvironment is spatially non-local and non-Gaussian and cannot be characterized by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We describe this model by simulating the dynamics of a two-level system (TLS) that interacts with a subenvironment consisting of a one-dimensional $XXZ$ spin chain. The hierarchical Schrödinger equations of motion are employed to describe the quantum thermostat, allowing time-irreversible simulations of the dynamics at arbitrary temperature. To see the effects of a quantum phase transition of the subenvironment, we investigate the decoherence and relaxation processes of the TLS at zero and finite temperatures for various values of the spin anisotropy. We observed the decoherence of the TLS at finite temperature, even when the anisotropy of the $XXZ$ model is enormous. We also found that the population relaxation dynamics of the TLS changed in a complex manner with the change of the anisotropy and the ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic orders of the spins.
description: 13 Pages, 12 figures
Refined Coding Bounds and Code Constructions for Coherent Network Error Correction
Creators: name: Yang, Shenghao
name: Yeung, Raymond W.
name: Ngai, Chi-Kin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Coherent network error correction is the error-control problem in network coding with the knowledge of the network codes at the source and sink nodes. With respect to a given set of local encoding kernels defining a linear network code, we obtain refined versions of the Hamming bound, the Singleton bound and the Gilbert-Varshamov bound for coherent network error correction. Similar to its classical counterpart, this refined Singleton bound is tight for linear network codes. The tightness of this refined bound is shown by two construction algorithms of linear network codes achieving this bound. These two algorithms illustrate different design methods: one makes use of existing network coding algorithms for error-free transmission and the other makes use of classical error-correcting codes. The implication of the tightness of the refined Singleton bound is that the sink nodes with higher maximum flow values can have higher error correction capabilities.
description: 32 pages
title: Las alteraciones en la atenuación del parénquima pulmonar influyen sobre la función cardiaca en sujetos sanos y pacientes con EPOC
Creators: name: Utrilla Contreras, Cristina
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Chronic obstructive airways disease

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) puede causar cor pulmonale con elevada resistencia vascular pulmonar que,
de forma secundaria,
puede originar una reducción del llenado del ventrículo izquierdo y disminuir el volumen sistólico y...
Assessing Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Palliative CareAmongStaff Nurses at tertiary care hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Creators: name: Pandey, Mrs. Sarita
name: Sharma, Nikki
name: Mishra, Mansi
name: Neelu
name: Mishra, Parul
name: Chaurasiya, Nitish
name: Lone, Owais Jamal
name: Singh, Neha
name: Singh, Neha
name: Verma, Neetu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) defines palliative care as the comprehensive care of patients whose conditions are not amenable to curative treatment. This holistic, interdisciplinary approach aims to enhance the quality of life for patients with progressive, life-threatening diseases, where the likelihood of remission or stabilization is minimal. Palliative care is essential for a variety of chronic diseases, with a significant proportion of adults requiring such care suffering from conditions like cardiovascular diseases (38.5%), cancer (34%), chronic respiratory diseases (10.3%), AIDS (5.7%), and diabetes (4.6%). Pain and dyspnea are among the most common and severe symptoms faced by patients in need of palliative care.
Room-temperature ferromagnetism at an oxide/nitride interface
Creators: name: Jin, Qiao
name: Wang, Zhiwen
name: Zhang, Qinghua
name: Yu, Yonghong
name: Lin, Shan
name: Chen, Shengru
name: Qi, Mingqun
name: Bai, He
name: Li, Qian
name: Wang, Le
name: Yin, Xinmao
name: Tang, Chi Sin
name: Wee, Andrew T. S.
name: Meng, Fanqi
name: Zhao, Jiali
name: Wang, Jia-Ou
name: Guo, Haizhong
name: Ge, Chen
name: Wang, Can
name: Yan, Wensheng
name: Zhu, Tao
name: Gu, Lin
name: Chambers, Scott A.
name: Das, Sujit
name: Liu, Gang-Qin
name: Wang, Shanmin
name: Jin, Kui-juan
name: Yang, Hongxin
name: Guo, Er-Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heterointerfaces have led to the discovery of novel electronic and magnetic states because of their strongly entangled electronic degrees of freedom. Single-phase chromium compounds always exhibit antiferromagnetism following the prediction of Goodenough-Kanamori rules. So far, exchange coupling between chromium ions via hetero-anions has not been explored and the associated quantum states is unknown. Here we report the successful epitaxial synthesis and characterizations of chromium oxide (Cr2O3)-chromium nitride (CrN) superlattices. Room-temperature ferromagnetic spin ordering is achieved at the interfaces between these two antiferromagnets, and the magnitude of the effect decays with increasing layer thickness. First-principles calculations indicate that robust ferromagnetic spin interaction between Cr3+ ions via anion-hybridizations across the interface yields the lowest total energy. This work opens the door to fundamental understanding of the unexpected and exceptional properties of oxide-nitride interfaces and provides access to hidden phases at low-dimensional quantum heterostructures.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
title: Adenopatías axilares: Hallazgos mamográficos y ecográficos y correlación radiopatológica.
Creators: name: Atencia Ballesteros, Marta
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound
subject: Mammography
subject: Lymph nodes

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Revisar los hallazgos mamográficos y ecográficos así como la histopatología de las adenopatías normales y patológicas a nivel axilar y establecer pautas de manejo para los radiólogos en base a dichos...
Quantum integrated sensing and communication via entanglement
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Chen
name: Cheng, Yuan-Bin
name: Pan, Xing-Bo
name: Sun, Ze-Zhou
name: Pan, Dong
name: Long, Gui-Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum communication and quantum metrology are widely compelling applications in the field of quantum information science, and quantum remote sensing is an intersection of both. Despite their differences, there are notable commonalities between quantum communication and quantum remote sensing, as they achieve their functionalities through the transmission of quantum states. Here we propose a novel quantum integrated sensing and communication (QISAC) protocol, which achieves quantum sensing under the Heisenberg limit while simultaneously enabling quantum secure communication through the transmission of entanglements. We have theoretically proven its security against eavesdroppers. The security of QISAC is characterized by the secrecy capacity for information bit as well as asymmetric Fisher information gain for sensing. Through simulations conducted under the constraints of limited entanglement resources, we illustrate that QISAC maintains high accuracy in the estimation of phase. Hence our QISAC offers a fresh perspective for the applications of future quantum networks.
title: Nueva clasificación de la FIGO en los sarcomas uterinos: ¿Qué ha cambiado?
Creators: name: Iglesias Castañón, Alfonso
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: MR
subject: Staging
subject: Neoplasia

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Conocer la presentación clínica y hallazgos patológicos en los sarcomas uterinos y su correlación con los hallazgos en RM. Correlacionar la nueva estadificación de la FIGO en los sarcomas uterinos con los hallazgos en RM. Reseñar las...
title: Information gain that convective-scale models bring to probabilistic weather forecasts
Creators: name: Cafaro, Carlo
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Ensemble prediction systems, run nowadays at convective-scale by several operational and research forecasting centres, undoubtedly provide a large amount of data. Whether and how the utilisation of these data can lead to additional valuable information for the probabilistic prediction of specific weather phenomena is an open challenge. Here, the information gain of the Met Office convective-scale ensemble relative to its lower resolution global model counterpart (33 km) is quantified for the sea breeze phenomenon. It occurs on small spatio-temporal scale but influenced by the large-scale conditions, well represented by the global ensembles. Sea breeze is also an atmospheric counterpart of the so called density currents and could lead to high impact weather, especially when colliding with other sea breezes or mesoscale flows. In the first part of the thesis, a new set of numerical simulations of colliding density currents is presented, with the aim of understanding the dynamics of collision. A novel parametric formula for predicting the collision angle is shown to agree well with numerical data. This can be useful for future parametrizations of these processes. Probabilistic forecasts of the occurrence of sea breezes have been then produced, compared and verified over an extended period. This motivated the development of a novel method for the automatic identification of the sea breeze from convective-scale ensembles. This method can be in principle applied to every coastline. A Bayesian approach is instead used to extract information from the coarser resolution ensemble. It is trained on paired high/low resolution ensemble member, but it can be trained also on observations. This method creates a statistical forecast of the high-resolution ensemble member, given the knowledge of the global ensemble predictors alone. In the last part of the thesis, the same methodology has been applied to the prediction of wind gusts. Comparison of the two forecasting methods, using a variety of well established verification metrics all lead to the same conclusion: although the Bayesian forecasts have potential skill for the prediction of event occurrence, the convective-scale ensemble is shown to be more skillful.
Recurrent Neural Networks for Modelling Gross Primary Production
Creators: name: Montero, David
name: Mahecha, Miguel D.
name: Martinuzzi, Francesco
name: Aybar, César
name: Klosterhalfen, Anne
name: Knohl, Alexander
name: Koebsch, Franziska
name: Anaya, Jesús
name: Wieneke, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate quantification of Gross Primary Production (GPP) is crucial for understanding terrestrial carbon dynamics. It represents the largest atmosphere-to-land CO$_2$ flux, especially significant for forests. Eddy Covariance (EC) measurements are widely used for ecosystem-scale GPP quantification but are globally sparse. In areas lacking local EC measurements, remote sensing (RS) data are typically utilised to estimate GPP after statistically relating them to in-situ data. Deep learning offers novel perspectives, and the potential of recurrent neural network architectures for estimating daily GPP remains underexplored. This study presents a comparative analysis of three architectures: Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTMs). Our findings reveal comparable performance across all models for full-year and growing season predictions. Notably, LSTMs outperform in predicting climate-induced GPP extremes. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the importance of incorporating radiation and RS inputs (optical, temperature, and radar) for accurate GPP predictions, particularly during climate extremes.
description: Accepted at IGARSS24
On-Demand Earth System Data Cubes
Creators: name: Montero, David
name: Aybar, César
name: Ji, Chaonan
name: Kraemer, Guido
name: Söchting, Maximilian
name: Teber, Khalil
name: Mahecha, Miguel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advancements in Earth system science have seen a surge in diverse datasets. Earth System Data Cubes (ESDCs) have been introduced to efficiently handle this influx of high-dimensional data. ESDCs offer a structured, intuitive framework for data analysis, organising information within spatio-temporal grids. The structured nature of ESDCs unlocks significant opportunities for Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. By providing well-organised data, ESDCs are ideally suited for a wide range of sophisticated AI-driven tasks. An automated framework for creating AI-focused ESDCs with minimal user input could significantly accelerate the generation of task-specific training data. Here we introduce cubo, an open-source Python tool designed for easy generation of AI-focused ESDCs. Utilising collections in SpatioTemporal Asset Catalogs (STAC) that are stored as Cloud Optimised GeoTIFFs (COGs), cubo efficiently creates ESDCs, requiring only central coordinates, spatial resolution, edge size, and time range.
description: Accepted at IGARSS24
Temporal aspects of children’s production of consonant clusters
Creators: name: Purves, Barbara Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This investigation was concerned with reduction in duration of consonants in clusters relative to duration in unclustered contexts. Specifically, the investigation was designed: (a) to determine whether certain consonants' durations were significantly reduced in consonant clusters in adult speech, (b) to determine whether differences in the amount of such reduction existed between age groups, and (c) to determine whether a linear, trend correlating age with amount of consonant reduction existed. Five age groups with five subjects in each group repeated words with initial consonants /s/, /f/, /l/, /w/, /sl/, /fl/, and /sw/. The age groups tested included five-year-olds, seven-year-olds, nine-year-olds, and eleven-year-olds, and an adult control group. Subjects' utterances were recorded and oscillograms of the recordings were measured for consonant duration. Analysis of durations indicated that /s/ and /f/ durations were significantly reduced, in clusters by all age groups but no significant differences between groups existed in amount of reduction of these consonants. Duration of /w/ was not significantly reduced by any age group duration of /l/ was significantly changed by the five-year-old group only. This group lengthened duration of /l/ in clusters. A trend analysis of age correlated with reduction of /l/ demonstrated that amount of reduction of duration of /!/ increases linearly with age between five and eleven years. Consonant reduction was discussed in terms of speech timing programmes. Differences between age groups in consonant duration reduction were discussed in terms of processes observed in children's acquisition of consonant clusters, and possible differences in speech timing programmes used by children and adults.
title: Tumor  fibroso solitario extrapleural: Imagen con RM y su correlación patológica
Creators: name: Arias González, Mercedes
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: MR
subject: Oncology

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Revisar la presentación clínica y el espectro patológico del tumor fibroso solitario extrapleural en diferentes órganos: sistema músculo-esquelético,
sistema nervioso central (cerebro y canal medular) y abdomen (hígado,
peritoneo y...
title: Chester J. Pletzke, AMLS Oral History Interview Transcript
Creators: name: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Publisher: name: University Archives, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Year: 2009
Subjects: classificationCode: 3
subject: FOS: Medical and health sciences
classificationCode: 6.1
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: USU Oral History Interview Transcript
Chester J. Pletzke, AMLS
Associate Professor of Medical Bibliography
Director, Learning Resource Center
05-15-2009
Interviewed by Emelie Rubin
title: Uso de catéteres de drenaje interno-externo en la vía urinaria
Creators: name: Pascual Robles, Maria Dolores
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
El drenaje biliar interno-externo se viene utilizando en la vía biliar de forma habitual con el beneficio de conseguir solucionar una obstrucción con el paso más fisiológico de la bilis al intestino.
Por otro lado este drenaje se puede convertir...
title: El papel del angioTC en el abordaje de la hemoptisis aguda.
Creators: name: Palacios Weiss, Amaya
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Emergency

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Valorar la utilidad clínica de la angioTC,
adicional a la RX de tórax (RXTX) como procedimiento diagnóstico de la hemoptisis aguda amenazante en...
Contrasting Spin Dynamics Between Underdoped and Overdoped Ba(Fe[1-x]Co[x])2As2
Creators: name: Ning, F. L.
name: Ahilan, K.
name: Imai, T.
name: Sefat, A. S.
name: McGuire, M. A.
name: Sales, B. C.
name: Mandrus, D.
name: Cheng, P.
name: Shen, B.
name: Wen, H. -H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first NMR investigation of spin dynamics in the overdoped non-superconducting regime of Ba(Fe[1-x]Co[x])2As2 up to x =0.26. We demonstrate that the absence of inter-band transitions with large momentum transfer Q(AF) ~ (pi, 0) between the hole and electron Fermi surfaces results in complete suppression of antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations for x > 0.15. Our experimental results provide direct evidence for a correlation between Tc and the strength of Q(AF) antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
title: Mapa de riesgos en la UGC de radiología: Nuestra experiencia.
Creators: name: Rojo Carmona, Lydia Eugenia
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Safety

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Los Servicios de Radiología,
han sido pioneros en la introducción de la Gestión de riesgos. Desde 1930 existen normas y protocolos de radio-protección que han conseguido que el empleo de las radiaciones ionizantes,
con fines diagnósticos,
pueda...
title: Diagnóstico, clasificación y complicaciones del atrapamiento femoroacetabular
Creators: name: Arias Ortega, María
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Anatomy
subject: Conventional radiography

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Describir la anatomía normal de la articulación femoroacetabular para poder valorar la presencia de pinzamiento femoroacetabular. Analizar los diferentes tipos de pinzamiento femoroacetabular y sus...
РОЛЬ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ В ЖИЗНИ ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Creators: name: Сидикова, Гулбахор
name: Хомиджонов, Халимжон
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning jismoniy tarbiyasi ularning umumiy rivojlanishida, sog'lig'i va jismoniy faolligini shakllantirishda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Maqolada jismoniy tarbiyaning zamonaviy usullari, jismoniy faoliyatning ahamiyati, shuningdek, jismoniy mashqlarning maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning kognitiv va psixo-emotsional rivojlanishiga ta'siri muhokama qilinadi.
Graffiti em tempos de pandemia: uma análise das estratégias de sobrevivência de artistas urbanos belo-horizontinos no contexto de isolamento social
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Rodrigo de Abreu
name: Medeiros, Regina de Paula
Publisher: name: Labfront/UEMG
Year: 2023

description: Nesse artigo, apresentamos uma pesquisa em desenvolvimento na área de antropologia urbana que busca analisar o impacto do isolamento social decorrente da pandemia de COVID-19 no universo do graffiti belo-horizontino. Utilizando a metodologia qualitativa com observação participante e entrevistas, nosso foco é entender as interações sociais, práticas de trabalho, estilo de vida e a relação de grafiteiros com sua arte e com os espaços públicos da cidade, durante o período de confinamento. A pandemia afetou profundamente as dinâmicas sociais e econômicas das diferentes práticas do ambiente urbano, incluindo o cenário da arte de rua. Com as ruas vazias, comércios e instituições fechadas e cancelamento de eventos culturais e artísticos, os grafiteiros enfrentaram grandes desafios para sobreviver, o que os levou a adotar estratégias criativas de comunicação, produção e venda de arte, incluindo o uso de tecnologias digitais e plataformas online.
title: International handbook for the advancement of public health policies – Education and professional training in health
Creators: name: Missias-Moreira,  Ramon
name: Festas, Clarinda
name: Prudêncio, Cristina
Publisher: name: Publicações ESS
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: FOS: Health sciences
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Vol. 3
title: Burning by numbers: cremation and cultural transitions in Late Iron Age and Roman Britain (100BC – AD410)
Creators: name: Carroll, Emily
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Late Iron Age and Roman Britain witnessed numerous cultural transitions. While these processes have received significant attention with regards to material culture, it is only recently that bioarchaeological research has considered the role of funerary practices and what they can contribute to our understanding of these phenomena. The primary mortuary rite during this period was cremation. Although previously thought to contain limited information compared to inhumation burials, current research now recognises that they hold the potential to reconstruct entire funerary sequences, from the building of the pyre, to the final deposition within the grave. Recent methodological advances in the field allow us to infer a wealth of information concerning burning practices and pyre technology that could not be achieved before. This study conducted a large survey of 2375 cremation deposits dating from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD from Britain to establish trends according to both region and settlement type. The results found that while age, grave and pyre goods remained consistent across all settlement types and regions, the male / female ratio and burial type changed following the Roman conquest. This demonstrates the prolonged continuation of Late Iron Age traditions, alongside the uptake of more Roman-styled customs. Further trends were identified primarily rooted in different methodological practices adopted by different analysts and emphasise the need for standardisation. The primary analysis in this thesis focused on 102 cremation deposits from Hertfordshire combining archaeological, environmental, and osteological data. It found that cremation technology differed on an inter-cemetery and settlement type basis. It is possible that this was caused by the introduction of ustores or professional cremators to Roman towns, representing increased ‘industrialisation’ of funerary practices. This project also developed a new method for quantifying microscopic heat-induced alterations in burned bone using petrography. This technique reduces the risk of inter-observer bias that hinders other, qualitative methods and allows for the statistical categorisation of burning intensity. Overall, this thesis has demonstrated the value of funerary data (cremation) in the examination of cultural transitions in Late Iron Age and Roman Britain; it highlights how society was a fluid concept characterised by the continuation of pre-conquest ideals, the uptake of Roman customs and the creation of new cultural identities.
Omnidirectional gradient force optical trapping in dielectric nanocavities by inverse design
Creators: name: Jokisch, Beñat Martinez de Aguirre
name: Gøtzsche, Benjamin Falkenberg
name: Kristensen, Philip Trøst
name: Wubs, Martijn
name: Sigmund, Ole
name: Christiansen, Rasmus Ellebæk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical trapping enables precise control of individual particles of different sizes, such as atoms, molecules, or nanospheres. Optical tweezers provide free-space omnidirectional optical trapping of objects in laboratories around the world. As an alternative to standard macroscopic setups based on lenses, which are inherently bound by the diffraction limit, plasmonic and photonic nanostructures promise trapping by near-field optical effects on the extreme nanoscale. However, the practical design of lossless waveguide-coupled nanostructures capable of trapping sub-wavelength-sized particles in all spatial directions has until now proven insurmountable. In this work, we demonstrate an omnidirectional optical trap realized by inverse-designing fabrication-ready integrated dielectric nanocavities. The sub-wavelength optical trap is designed to rely solely on the gradient force and is thus particle-size agnostic. In particular, we show how a trapped particle with a radius of 15 nm experiences a force strong enough to overcome room-temperature thermal fluctuations. Furthermore, through the robust inverse design framework, we tailor manufacturable devices operating at short-wave infrared and near-infrared wavelengths. Our results open a new regime of levitated optical trapping by achieving a deep trapping potential capable of trapping single sub-wavelength particles in all directions using optical gradient forces. We anticipate potentially groundbreaking applications of the optimized optical trapping system for biomolecular analysis in aqueous environments, levitated cavity-optomechanics, and cold atom physics, constituting an important step towards realizing integrated bio-nanophotonics and mesoscopic quantum mechanical experiments.
The detection of radio emission from known X-ray flaring star EXO 040830-7134.7
Creators: name: Driessen, L. N.
name: Williams, D. R. A.
name: McDonald, I.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Buckley, D. A. H.
name: Fender, R. P.
name: Woudt, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of radio emission from the known X-ray flaring star EXO 040830$-$7134.7 during MeerKAT observations of the nearby cataclysmic variable VW Hydri. We have three epochs of MeerKAT observations, where the star is not detected in the first epoch, is detected in the second epoch, and is marginally detected in the third epoch. We cannot distinguish whether the detection is quiescent emission or a transient radio burst. If we assume the radio detection is quiescent emission the source lies somewhat to the right of the Güdel-Benz relation; however, if we assume the upper-limit on the radio non-detection is indicative of the quiescent emission then the source lies directly on the relation. Both cases are broadly consistent with the relation. We use archival spectral energy distribution data and new SALT high-resolution spectroscopy to confirm that EXO 040830$-$7134.7 is a chromospherically active M-dwarf with a temperature of 4000$\pm$200 K of spectral type M0V. We use ASAS, ASAS-SN and TESS optical photometry to derive an improved rotational period of 5.18$\pm$0.04 days. This is the first radio detection of the source, and the first MeerKAT detection of an M-dwarf.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Self-gravitating solutions in Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory coupled to 3D massive gravity
Creators: name: Corral, Cristóbal
name: Flores-Alfonso, Daniel
name: Giribet, Gastón
name: Oliva, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study self-gravitating solutions of 3-dimensional massive gravity coupled to Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons gauge theory. Among these, there is a family of asymptotically Warped-Anti de Sitter black holes that come to generalize previous solutions found in the literature and studied in the context of WAdS$_3$/CFT$_2$. We also present self-gravitating solutions to the 3-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, as well as other self-gravitating solutions in the presence of higher-curvature terms.
description: v1: 16 pages; v2: Accepted for publication in EPJC
Unparticle self-interactions
Creators: name: Georgi, Howard
name: Kats, Yevgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop techniques for studying the effects of self-interactions in the conformal sector of an unparticle model. Their physics is encoded in the higher n-point functions of the conformal theory. We study inclusive processes and argue that the inclusive production of unparticle stuff in standard model processes due to the unparticle self-interactions can be decomposed using the conformal partial wave expansion and its generalizations into a sum over contributions from the production of various kinds of unparticle stuff, corresponding to different primary conformal operators. Such processes typically involve the production of unparticle stuff associated with operators other than those to which the standard model couples directly. Thus just as interactions between particles allow scattering processes to produce new particles in the final state, so unparticle self-interactions cause the production of various kinds of unparticle stuff. We discuss both inclusive and exclusive methods for computing these processes. The resulting picture, we believe, is a step towards understanding what unparticle stuff "looks like" because it is quite analogous to way we describe the production and scattering of ordinary particles in quantum field theory, with the primary conformal operators playing the role of particles and the coefficients in the conformal partial wave expansion (and its generalization to include more fields) playing the role of amplitudes. We exemplify our methods in the 2D toy model that we discussed previously in which the Banks-Zaks theory is exactly solvable.
description: 65 pages, 27 figures; v2: added section 8 on massive bosons, minor improvements, references; v3: references
Modelado numérico de movimientos de masa o lodos usando el método SPH e incorporando el comportamiento de fluido no-Newtotniano
Creators: name: Valencia-Enríquez, Diego
name: Tumal-Castillo, Angela
name: Gómez-Azuero, Angela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: El movimiento de masas, como flujos de lodos o lahares, es uno de los fenómenos más devastadores, generandointerés en ingenieros, investigadores y organismos gubernamentales. El modelo numérico de fluido de lodo, basado en elmétodo de Hidrodinámica de Partículas Suavizadas (SPH), aborda este problema, siendo preferido por su ventaja sobre losmétodos basados en malla. Los movimientos de masa y lodos presentan un comportamiento viscoplástico, necesitando unenfoque adecuado para describir su propagación. Este estudio adopta las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes y un modelo reológicobasado en el modelo de Cross, para representar el comportamiento de fluidos no Newtonianos. El modelo resultante es valiosopara entender y mitigar los efectos de los flujos de lodos y lahares, contribuyendo a mejorar la planificación territorial y reducirel impacto de estos eventos catastróficos. Además, el modelo puede ser útil para la evaluación de riesgos y la adopción demedidas preventivas para proteger a las comunidades vulnerables. En resumen, este estudio representa un paso significativo enla comprensión y modelado del comportamiento de fluidos no Newtonianos en situaciones críticas, con potenciales aplicacionesprácticas en la gestión de riesgos naturales.
New manifestations of the Darboux's rotation and translation fields of a surface
Creators: name: Alexandrov, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A05, 53C25

description: We show how the rotation and translation fields of a surface, introduced by G. Darboux, may be used to obtain short proofs of a well-known theorem (that reads that the total mean curvature of a surface is stationary under an infinitesimal bending) and a new theorem (that reads that every infinitesimal flex of any simply connected closed surface is orthogonal to the surface at least at two points).
description: 6 pages
Brighteye: Glaucoma Screening with Color Fundus Photographs based on Vision Transformer
Creators: name: Lin, Hui
name: Apostolidis, Charilaos
name: Katsaggelos, Aggelos K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Differences in image quality, lighting conditions, and patient demographics pose challenges to automated glaucoma detection from color fundus photography. Brighteye, a method based on Vision Transformer, is proposed for glaucoma detection and glaucomatous feature classification. Brighteye learns long-range relationships among pixels within large fundus images using a self-attention mechanism. Prior to being input into Brighteye, the optic disc is localized using YOLOv8, and the region of interest (ROI) around the disc center is cropped to ensure alignment with clinical practice. Optic disc detection improves the sensitivity at 95% specificity from 79.20% to 85.70% for glaucoma detection and the Hamming distance from 0.2470 to 0.1250 for glaucomatous feature classification. In the developmental stage of the Justified Referral in AI Glaucoma Screening (JustRAIGS) challenge, the overall outcome secured the fifth position out of 226 entries.
description: ISBI 2024, JustRAIGS challenge, glaucoma detection
A new method for planning an ambulatory care facility
Creators: name: Richardson, John Ross
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The ambulatory care facility is a new phenomenon in the British Columbia health care delivery system. Therefore, not only is its planner faced with the uncertainty of predicting future need, but also the perplexity of not having the very basis for his predictions: past utilization data from existing facilities. Moreover, there is no real agreement on what services should be provided in an ambulatory care facility. This thesis attempts to at least partially allay these uncertainties by setting down a format for planning an ambulatory care facility in and for the community of Delta, B. C. The planning method was divided into four parts: ambulatory care definition, data assemblage, data projection and facility simulation. Delta practitioners and several health care consultants co-operated in the production of an exhaustive list of medical, surgical and dental procedures defining ambulatory care. In accordance with this list, data was assembled regarding the number of ambulatory procedures regularly performed for Delta residents, by Delta practitioners. Medical and surgical data was taken from Provincial Department of Health computer data files; while dental data was gathered by questionnaire. The data trend for each procedure was then projected to the Target Years 1978 and 1982. Following these initial steps, a General Purpose Simulation System (G.P.S.S.) analysis was performed on the data gathered. Other information required for the simulation was gathered through questionnaires to Delta practitioners and private conferences with health care consultants. The results from the simulation were expressed in "work areas" (i.e. examination rooms, stretcher-beds, etc.) required in the major departments or service areas. The simulation analysis could only be completed for the Surgical Day Care Services area, because the data from Provincial computer data files, relevant to other departments or service areas, was found to be insufficient. The main problem encountered was an imprecise identification of patients' geographic origin; which in some instances made it impossible to identify procedures performed for Delta residents. Detailed suggestions for improving the method are presented in the Discussion. However, one should at least do the following: endeavour to use more than two years of data to project the trend in the Provincial computer data files; and explain the questionnaires circulated to practitioners by giving individual person-to-person instructions, rather than group verbal and individual written instructions.
Dark Matter Related to Axion and Axino
Creators: name: Kim, Jihn E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss the essential features of the QCD axion: the strong CP solution and hence its theoretical necessity. I also review the axion and axino effects on astrophysics and cosmology, in particular with emphasis on their role in the dark matter component in the universe.
description: 9 pages. Talk presented at IDM08
title: English learning motivation in a Taiwanese university context: a study of its dynamic nature from socio-dynamic perspectives
Creators: name: Chu, Fang-I
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: This study investigated the strength of 88 Taiwanese university students’ English learning motivation and what motivational factors influence the level of motivation in this particular context. The complex, contextual and dynamic nature of motivation and different motivational factors were examined via a mixed methods approach and various analyses. Four data collection instruments were applied in the study, namely a main questionnaire, a short weekly questionnaire, a semi-structure interview and classroom observation. Additionally, the researcher not only collected data at different time points, but also compared the data between two achievement groups: high and low achievers. According to the results, the dynamic interactions of the nine motivational factors identified in this study would impact the level of motivation. When the participants had a positive English learning experience and higher levels of Cultural diversity, Interest, Travel orientation and the Ideal L2 self, they tended to have stronger motivation. However, when the learners possessed higher levels of Ethnocentrism, Fear of assimilation, English anxiety and the Ought-to L2 self, these factors could have both facilitating and debilitating effects on their motivation. The findings also indicated that the participants were generally moderately motivated to learn English. Nevertheless, the strength of their motivation decreased over time and they might not regard themselves as working harder than their classmates, not greatly look forward to taking their English course and not consider that the English course was interesting enough to motivate them to learn. In particular, low achievers tended to have lower motivation. The implications of the findings are that (1) students’ motivation is influenced by different motivational factors and (2) motivation would be improved through English courses that make English learning more enjoyable, relevant and important for the learners and that help them to believe that they are able to learn it well.
title: Frecuencia de los Tumores de Partes Blandas en los ultimos años, en el Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, basados en la clasificación de la OMS.
Creators: name: Ramirez Lozano, Carolina
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Revisar los tumores de partes blandas delHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias,
evaluar la frecuencia y las características de imagen,de acuerdo a la clasificaciónde la OMS para los tumores de partes...
title: Gastric outlet obstruction post intragastric balloon insertion
Creators: name: Ethell, Sam
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: CT
subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 63-year-old lady with a 3-day history of vomiting, constipation and midline tenderness following uncomplicated insertion of an intragastric balloon (IGB) 11 days prior for weight loss. Past medical history included appendicectomy and a self-deflating IGB 5 years previously for weight loss which passed without complication after 3 months. Biochemical assessment demonstrated metabolic alkalosis secondary to vomiting.

description: 63 years, female
Theory of magnetism with temporal disorder applied to magnetically doped ZnO
Creators: name: Gehring, Gillian A
name: Ahmed, Mahrous R
name: Crombie, Alex J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dynamic model of the asymmetric Ising glass is presented: an Ising model with antiferromagnet bonds with probabilities q arranged at random in a ferromagnetic matrix. The dynamics is introduced by changing the arrangement of the antiferromagnetic bonds after n Monte Carlo steps but keeping the same value of q and spin configuration. In the region where there is a second order transition between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states the dynamic behaviour follows that expected for motional narrowing and reverts to the static behaviour only for large n. There is a different dynamic behaviour where there is a first order transition between the ferromagnetic and spin glass states where it shows no effects of motional narrowing. The implications of this are discussed. This model is devised to explain the properties of doped ZnO where the magnetisation is reduced when the exchange interactions change with time.
description: Paper was presented at MMM 2008 and is accepted for publication in J.A.P
Learning to Boost the Performance of Stable Nonlinear Systems
Creators: name: Furieri, Luca
name: Galimberti, Clara Lucía
name: Ferrari-Trecate, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The growing scale and complexity of safety-critical control systems underscore the need to evolve current control architectures aiming for the unparalleled performances achievable through state-of-the-art optimization and machine learning algorithms. However, maintaining closed-loop stability while boosting the performance of nonlinear control systems using data-driven and deep-learning approaches stands as an important unsolved challenge. In this paper, we tackle the performance-boosting problem with closed-loop stability guarantees. Specifically, we establish a synergy between the Internal Model Control (IMC) principle for nonlinear systems and state-of-the-art unconstrained optimization approaches for learning stable dynamics. Our methods enable learning over arbitrarily deep neural network classes of performance-boosting controllers for stable nonlinear systems; crucially, we guarantee L_p closed-loop stability even if optimization is halted prematurely, and even when the ground-truth dynamics are unknown, with vanishing conservatism in the class of stabilizing policies as the model uncertainty is reduced to zero. We discuss the implementation details of the proposed control schemes, including distributed ones, along with the corresponding optimization procedures, demonstrating the potential of freely shaping the cost functions through several numerical experiments.