cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the formation of molecular hydrogen and its deuterated forms
Creators: name: Sahu, DIpen
name: Das, Ankan
name: Majumdar, Liton
name: Chakrabarti, Sandip K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $H_2$ is the most abundant interstellar species. Its deuterated forms ($HD$ and $D_2$) are also significantly abundant. Huge abundances of these molecules could be explained by considering the chemistry occurring on the interstellar dust. Because of its simplicity, Rate equation method is widely used to study the formation of grain-surface species. However, since recombination efficiency of formation of any surface species are heavily dependent on various physical and chemical parameters, Monte Carlo method would be best method suited to take care of randomness of the processes. We perform Monte Carlo simulation to study the formation of $H_2$, $HD$ and $D_2$ on interstellar ices. Adsorption energies of surface species are the key inputs for the formation of any species on interstellar dusts but binding energies of deuterated species are yet to known with certainty. A zero point energy correction exists between hydrogenated and deuterated species which should be considered while modeling the chemistry on the interstellar dusts. Following some earlier studies, we consider various sets of adsorption energies to study the formation of these species in diverse physical circumstances. As expected, noticeable difference in these two approaches (Rate equation method and Monte Carlo method) is observed for production of these simple molecules on interstellar ices. We introduce two factors, namely, $S_f$ and $β$ to explain these discrepancies: $S_f$ is a scaling factor, which could be used to correlate discrepancies between Rate equation and Monte Carlo methods. $β$ factor indicates the formation efficiency under various circumstances. Higher values of $β$ indicates a lower production efficiency. We found that $β$ increases with a decrease in rate of accretion from gas phase to grain phase.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, published in New Astronomy
การออกแบบการเรียนการสอนโดยใช้ไมโครเลิร์นนิ่งเพื่อพัฒนาประสิทธิผลการเรียนรู้ในรายวิชาการประเมินทางจิตวิทยาสำหรับเด็กที่มีความต้องการจำเป็นพิเศษ
Creators: name: ภัทรพร แจ่มใส
Publisher: name: คณะนิเทศศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏรำไพพรรณี
Year: 2566
Subjects: การออกแบบการเรียนการสอน
ไมโครเลิร์นนิง
รายวิชาการประเมินทางจิตวิทยาสำหรับเด็กที่มีความต้องการจำเป็นพิเศษ

description: วารสารสหวิทยาการสังคมศาสตร์และการสื่อสาร, 6, 3, 219-232
Secular and race/ethnic trends in glycemic outcomes by BMI in US adults: The role of waist circumference
Creators: name: Mayer-Davis, E.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Albrecht, S.S.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2017

description: Background: For the same body mass index (BMI) level, waist circumference (WC) is higher in more recent years. How this impacts diabetes and prediabetes prevalence in the United States and for different race/ethnic groups is unknown. We examined prevalence differences in diabetes and prediabetes by BMI over time, investigated whether estimates were attenuated after adjusting for waist circumference, and evaluated implications of these patterns on race/ethnic disparities in glycemic outcomes. Methods: Data came from 12 614 participants aged 20 to 74 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1988-1994 and 2007-2012). We estimated prevalence differences in diabetes and prediabetes by BMI over time in multivariable models. Relevant interactions evaluated race/ethnic differences. Results: Among normal, overweight, and class I obese individuals, there were no significant differences in diabetes prevalence over time. However, among individuals with class II/III obesity, diabetes prevalence rose 7.6 percentage points in 2007-2012 vs 1988-1994. This estimate was partly attenuated after adjustment for mean waist circumference but not mean BMI. For prediabetes, prevalence was 10 to 13 percentage points higher over time at lower BMI values, with minimal attenuation after adjustment for WC. All patterns held within race/ethnic groups. Diabetes disparities among blacks and Mexican Americans relative to whites remained in both periods, regardless of BMI, and persisted after adjustment for WC. Conclusions: Diabetes prevalence rose over time among individuals with class II/III obesity and may be partly due to increasing waist circumference. Anthropometric measures did not appear to account for temporal increases in prediabetes, nor did they attenuate race/ethnic disparities in diabetes. Reasons underlying these trends require further investigation.
On cluster C*-algebras
Creators: name: Nikolaev, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F60, 14H55, 46L85

description: We introduce a C*-algebra A(x,Q) attached to the cluster x and a quiver Q. If Q(T) is the quiver coming from a triangulation T of the Riemann surface S with a finite number of cusps, we prove that the primitive spectrum of A(x,Q(T)) times R is homeomorphic to a generic subset of the Teichmueller space of surface S. We conclude with an analog of the Tomita-Takesaki theory and the Connes invariant T(M) for the algebra A(x,Q(T)).
description: to appear Journal of Function Spaces
Sociodemographic disparity in the diet quality transition among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2011
Creators: name: Wang, Z.
name: Siega-Riz, A.M.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Cai, J.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Wang, H.
name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2017

description: Background/objectives:This study investigates secular trends in diet quality distribution and related socioeconomic disparity from 1991 to 2011 in the Chinese adult population.Subjects/methods:The analysis uses the 1991-2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey data on 13 853 participants (6876 men and 6977 women) aged 18-65 with 56 319 responses. Dietary assessment was carried out over a 3-day period with 24-h recalls combined with a household food inventory. We tailored Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (named as tAHEI) to measure diet quality and performed quantile regression to investigate shifts in tAHEI scores at different percentiles and used mixed-effect linear regression to examine average diet quality trend and potential sociodemographic disparity.Results:The energy-adjusted mean tAHEI scores increased from 36.9 (36.7-37.1) points in 1991 to 50.3 (50.1-50.5) in 2011 for men (P<0.001) and from 35.6 (35.4-35.8) to 46.9 (46.7-47.1) for women (P<0.001). The covariate-adjusted score of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by 6.8 (6.6, 7.0) and 7.0 (6.9, 7.2), and the score of long-chain (ω-3) fats increased by 5.3 (5.2, 5.4) and 5.3 (5.2, 5.5) in men and women, respectively, whereas the cereal fiber and red meat scores decreased slightly. Increasing tAHEI score occurred across the entire distribution, and diet quality transition varied across sociodemographic groups.Conclusions:Chinese diet quality is far from optimal, with moderate improvement over a 21-year period. Findings suggest that nutritional intervention should give priority to low-income, low-urbanized communities and southern provincial adults with low diet quality in China.
การศึกษาประสิทธิภาพหลักสูตรพัฒนาทักษะการใช้เทคโนโลยีจัดการเรียนรู้ ในการจัดกิจกรรมการเรียนรู้คณิตศาสตร์ศตวรรษที่ 21 สำหรับนักเรียนระดับมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น
Creators: name: กฤษณะ โสขุมา
Publisher: name: คณะนิเทศศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏรำไพพรรณี
Year: 2566
Subjects: หลักสูตรพัฒนาทักษะ
ทักษะการใช้เทคโนโลยี
ประสิทธิภาพ
ดัชนีประสิทธิผล

description: วารสารสหวิทยาการสังคมศาสตร์และการสื่อสาร, 6, 3, 233-244
Tuning the liquid-liquid transition by modulating the hydrogen bond angular flexibility in a model for water
Creators: name: Smallenburg, Frank
name: Sciortino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple extension of the well known ST2 model for water [F.H. Stillinger and A. Rahman, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 60}, 1545 (1974)] that allows for a continuous modification of the hydrogen bond angular flexibility. We show that the bond flexibility affects the relative thermodynamic stability of the liquid and of the hexagonal (or cubic) ice. On increasing flexibility, the liquid-liquid critical point, which in the original ST2 model is located in the no-man's land (i. e. the region where ice is the thermodynamically stable phase) progressively moves to a temperature where the liquid is more stable than ice. Our study definitively proves that the liquid-liquid transition in ST2 is a genuine phenomenon, of high relevance in all tetrahedral network-forming liquids, including water.
description: Accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
Development of a food composition database to monitor changes in packaged foods and beverages
Creators: name: Wandell, J.
name: Ostrowski, J.
name: Hollingsworth, B.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Poti, J.M.
name: Miles, D.R.
name: Yoon, E.
Publisher: name: Academic Press Inc.
Year: 2017

description: In order to monitor nutritional changes in the US food supply and assess potential impact on individual dietary intake, an approach was developed to enhance existing standard food composition tables with time-varying product- and brand-specific information for barcoded packaged foods. A “Crosswalk” was formed between barcoded products and USDA foodcodes in a time-specific manner, such that sales-weighted average nutritional profiles were generated for each foodcode based on corresponding products (275,000–350,000 per 2-year cycle). This Crosswalk-enhanced food composition table was applied to dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (cycles 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012). Total energy density of foods consumed by Americans from stores/vending was stable over time and differed by <5 kcal/100 g using the Crosswalk-enhanced vs standard database. However, changes in the energy density of food groups were found utilizing the Crosswalk that were not detected using the standard database. Likewise, significant declines in energy intake from beverages among children (288 ± 7.3 to 258 ± 6.8 kcal/d) were found using the Crosswalk-enhanced database but were non-significant using the standard database. The Crosswalk approach can potentially augment national nutrition surveys by utilizing commercial food purchase and nutrient databases to capture changes in the nutrient content of packaged foods.
Interactions of metallic elements and organisms within hydrothermal vents
Creators: name: COSSON, Richard P.
name: VIVIER, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1997

description: This study investigated the bioaccumulation of trace elements in species living within deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Trace elements were quantified in whole organs known to be involved in exchanges with the surrounding medium or in detoxification processes. The binding of heavy metals to specific metalloproteins was studied as well as their balance within subcellular fractions. Sequestration of trace elements under insoluble forms appears to be the major adaptive pathway for polychaetes. Crustaceans show a high capacity for metallothionein induction, as demonstrated by quantitative analyses.
Supplementary material for Optimal Monitoring of Weekly IGF-I Levels During Growth Hormone Therapy with Once-weekly Somapacitan manuscript
Creators: name: Kildemoes, Rasmus Juul
name: Rasmussen, Michael Højby
name: Agersø, Henrik
name: Overgaard, Rune Viig
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary material for manuscript, "Optimal Monitoring of Weekly IGF-I Levels During Growth Hormone Therapy with Once-weekly Somapacitan"
On the genus Anchistylis (Crustacea, Cumacea) from the South-West Atlantic
Creators: name: ROCCATAGLIATA, Daniel
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1997

description: Anchistylis notus is redescribed based on new material from Argentina. Besides Leptostylis robusta from Magellan Strait and Leptostylis elegans from Rio de Janeiro are transferred to the genus Anchistylis, bringing the number of American species described so far to three.
Does unmeasured confounding influence associations between the retail food environment and body mass index over time? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Creators: name: Reis, J.P.
name: Shikany, J.M.
name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
name: Ng, S.W.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Meyer, K.A.
name: Guilkey, D.K.
name: Rummo, P.E.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2017

description: Background: Findings in the observational retail food environment and obesity literature are inconsistent, potentially due to a lack of adjustment for residual confounding. Methods: Using data from the CARDIA study (n ¼ 12 174 person-observations; 6 examinations; 1985-2011) across four US cities (Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; Oakland, CA), we used instrumental-variables (IV) regression to obtain causal estimates of the longitudinal associations between the percentage of neighbourhood food stores or restaurants (per total food outlets within 1 km network distance of respondent residence) with body mass index (BMI), adjusting for individual-level socio-demographics, health behaviours, city, year, total food outlets and market-level prices. To determine the presence and extent of bias, we compared the magnitude and direction of results with ordinary least squares (OLS) and random effects (RE) regression, which do not control for residual confounding, and with fixed effects (FE) regression, which does not control for time-varying residual confounding. Results: Relative to neighbourhood supermarkets (which tend to be larger and have healthier options than grocery stores), a higher percentage of grocery stores [mean-¼ 53.4%; standard deviation (SD) ¼ 31.8%] was positively associated with BMI [b ¼ 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.01, 0.10] using IV regression. However, associations were negligible or null using OLS (b ¼ 0.001; 95% CI ¼ 0.01, 0.01), RE (b ¼ 0.003; 95% CI ¼ 0.01, 0.0001) and FE (b ¼ 0.003; 95% CI ¼ 0.01, 0.0002) regression. Neighbourhood convenience stores and fast-food restaurants were not associated with BMI in any model. Conclusions: Longitudinal associations between neighbourhood food outlets and BMI were greater in magnitude using a causal model, suggesting that weak findings in the literature may be due to residual confounding.
Code Structure Guided Transformer for Source Code Summarization
Creators: name: Gao, Shuzheng
name: Gao, Cuiyun
name: He, Yulan
name: Zeng, Jichuan
name: Nie, Lun Yiu
name: Xia, Xin
name: Lyu, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Code summaries help developers comprehend programs and reduce their time to infer the program functionalities during software maintenance. Recent efforts resort to deep learning techniques such as sequence-to-sequence models for generating accurate code summaries, among which Transformer-based approaches have achieved promising performance. However, effectively integrating the code structure information into the Transformer is under-explored in this task domain. In this paper, we propose a novel approach named SG-Trans to incorporate code structural properties into Transformer. Specifically, we inject the local symbolic information (e.g., code tokens and statements) and global syntactic structure (e.g., data flow graph) into the self-attention module of Transformer as inductive bias. To further capture the hierarchical characteristics of code, the local information and global structure are designed to distribute in the attention heads of lower layers and high layers of Transformer. Extensive evaluation shows the superior performance of SG-Trans over the state-of-the-art approaches. Compared with the best-performing baseline, SG-Trans still improves 1.4% and 2.0% in terms of METEOR score, a metric widely used for measuring generation quality, respectively on two benchmark datasets.
BUGULA GRACILIS BUSK. REMARQUES SUR LA VALEUR SPÉCIFIQUE DE L'OVICELLE CHEZ LES BUGULES (BRYOZOAIRES CHILOSTOMES)
Creators: name: BOBIN, Geneviève
name: PRENANT, Marcel
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1963

description: Having found samples of Bugula gracilis Busk in Roscoff, the authors complete the description of this discussed species, and point out that it distinctly differs from the american species B. turrita (Desor), especially by the structure of the ovicell. In a counter way, this structure is nearly the same in B. turrita andB. plumosa (Pallas) and differs from many other Bugulas through the least development of the oecial fold.
title: Climate, volcanoes, and tectonic activity - Their influence on the lower to middle Eocene paleoenvironment on the Sprendlinger Horst (Southwest Germany)
Creators: name:  Moshayedi ,  Maryam
name:  Lenz ,  Olaf K.
name:  Mutzl ,  Jürgen
name:  Wilde ,  Volker
name:  Hinderer ,  Matthias
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: The Werra-Fulda mining district located in Central Germany hosts a world-class deposit of sulfate bearing potash salts. The Permian (Zechstein, ca. 255 Ma) evaporite sequence was intruded by mafic melts in the Neogene resulting in magmatic dykes as well as sill structures frequently observed in the subsurface mining galleries. Furthermore, volcanic rocks intersect the overlaying strata (mainly Buntsandstein and Muschelkalk) at localized spots forming distinct mountains. In this study, samples from subsurface mafic dykes and surface volcanic rocks were intensively documented, sampled, and analyzed for their major, minor, and trace element composition. The geochemical analyses allow the characterization of the rocks that show compositions typical for within plate basanites and nephelinites with minor occurrences of phonolitic dykes. Results of the study also indicate the interaction of magma with adjacent potash salts and partly alteration of potassium and sodium concentration. Two distinct trends in magmatic composition are revealed suggesting at least two sources for the magmatic feeder system in the local area. The geochemical results are compared to published data of the area and nearby volcanic complexes in the Rhön, Vogelsberg, Westerwald, and Siebengebirge. Additionally, we tested the fission-track and (U-Th-Sm)/He dating technique by using apatite from more than 100 magmatic rock samples. Preliminary, results provide two magmatic events: one at about 21 Ma and the other at about 13 Ma. Both events are accompanied by localized tectonic reactivation.
QUELQUES PARTICULARITÉS DE LA BIONOMIE BENTHIQUE DE L'ANTARCTIQUE DE L'EST
Creators: name: USCHAKOV, P. V.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1963

description: The Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1955-1958 on the R.V. “Ob”, has collected a considerable amount of material regarding the bottom fauna which disclosed some peculiarities in the vertical distribution of the bottom communities off the East Antarctic shelf. The bottom fauna, here, formed mainly the polymixed communities consists mostly by fixed sestonophags. In the article is to be noted certain general uniformity (homogeneity) of submarine lanscapes on a large scale of depths—from 50-100 to 500-700 m. Making a comparison between the Arctic and the Antarctic basins, the author explains the difference in the composition and distribution of the bottom communities in both basins as dependent on the peculiar structure of the Antarctic shelf.
Optimisation of Quantum Evolution Algorithms
Creators: name: Patel, Apoorva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a quantum Hamiltonian and its evolution time, the corresponding unitary evolution operator can be constructed in many different ways, corresponding to different trajectories between the desired end-points. A choice among these trajectories can then be made to obtain the best computational complexity and control over errors. As an explicit example, Grover's quantum search algorithm is described as a Hamiltonian evolution problem. It is shown that the computational complexity has a power-law dependence on error when a straightforward Lie-Trotter discretisation formula is used, and it becomes logarithmic in error when reflection operators are used. The exponential change in error control is striking, and can be used to improve many importance sampling methods. The key concept is to make the evolution steps as large as possible while obeying the constraints of the problem. In particular, we can understand why overrelaxation algorithms are superior to small step size algorithms.
description: 7 pages. Talk presented at the 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 23-28 June 2014, Columbia University, New York, USA
(428) Margaret Catherine Graham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Two new species of Shizomavella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida)
Creators: name: REVERTER-GIL, Oscar
name: FERNANDEZ-PULPEIRO, Eugenio
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1997

description: Two new species of the genus Schizomavella are described from material deposited in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Moreover the presence of Schizomavella auriculata and Schizomavella teresae in the Mediterranean is reported.
Sugar-sweetened beverage tax: The authors reply
Creators: name: Ng, S.W.
name: Arantxa Colchero, M.
name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: Project HOPE
Year: 2017

description: A study using manufacturing data showed that sales of sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico fell 7.3 percent on average two years after the tax was implemented, compared to the period 2007–13.1 These results align with those in our article (Mar 2017), which estimated changes in beverage purchases in a representative sample of urban households, and illustrate the robustness of our findings.
Bi-seasonal discrete time risk model with income rate two
Creators: name: Alencenovič, Alina
name: Grigutis, Andrius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91G05, 60G50, 60J80

description: This paper proceeds an approximate calculation of ultimate time survival probability for bi-seasonal discrete time risk model when premium rate equals two. The same model with income rate equal to one was investigated in 2014 by Damarackas and Šiaulys. In general, discrete time and related risk models deal with possibility for a certain version of random walk to hit a certain threshold at least once in time. In this research, the mentioned threshold is the line $u+2t$ and random walk consists from two interchangeably occurring independent but not necessarily identically distributed random variables. Most of proved theoretical statements are illustrated via numerical calculations. Also, there are raised a couple of conjectures on a certain recurrent determinants non-vanishing.
A kinetic model for the finite-time thermodynamics of small heat engines
Creators: name: Cerino, Luca
name: Puglisi, Andrea
name: Vulpiani, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a molecular engine constituted by a gas of $N \sim 10^2$ molecules enclosed between a massive piston and a thermostat. The force acting on the piston and the temperature of the thermostat are cyclically changed with a finite period $τ$. In the adiabatic limit $τ\to \infty$, even for finite size $N$, the average work and heats reproduce the thermodynamic values, recovering the Carnot result for the efficiency. The system exhibits a stall time $τ^*$ where net work is zero: for $ττ^*$ the efficiency at maximum power is close to the Curzorn-Ahlborn limit. The fluctuations of work and heat display approximatively a Gaussian behavior. Based upon kinetic theory, we develop a three-variables Langevin model where the piston's position and velocity are linearly coupled together with the internal energy of the gas. The model reproduces many of the system's features, such as the inversion of the work's sign, the efficiency at maximum power and the approximate shape of fluctuations. A further simplification in the model allows to compute analytically the average work, explaining its non-trivial dependence on $τ$.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication on Physical Review E
Do high vs. low purchasers respond differently to a nonessential energy-dense food tax? Two-year evaluation of Mexico's 8% nonessential food tax
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Rivera, J.A.
name: Taillie, L.S.
name: Batis, C.
Publisher: name: Academic Press Inc.
Year: 2017

description: It is unclear whether response to a nonessential food tax varies across time or for high vs. low-consuming households. The objective is to examine whether the effect of Mexico's 2014 8% nonessential energy-dense foods tax increased in the second year post-implementation and whether it differentially affected households by pre-tax purchasing pattern. We used longitudinal data on Mexican household food purchases (n = 6089 households) from 2012 to 2015. Households were classified based on median pre-tax purchases: low untaxed/low taxed (“low”), low untaxed/high taxed (“unhealthy”), high untaxed/low taxed (“healthy”), and high untaxed/high taxed (“high”) purchasers. Fixed effects models tested whether observed post-tax purchases differed from the counterfactual, or what would have been expected based on pre-tax trends. Post-tax declines in the % taxed food purchases increased from − 4.8% in year one to − 7.4% in year two, yielding a 2-year mean decline of 6.0% beyond the counterfactual (p < 0.01). Post-tax change in % taxed food purchases varied by pre-tax purchasing level. Healthy purchasers showed no post-tax change in % taxed food purchases beyond the counterfactual, while unhealthy, low and high purchasers decreased (− 12.3%, − 5.3% and − 4.4%, respectively) (p < 0.01). The positive effect of Mexico's junk food tax continued in the second year, and households with greater preferences for taxed foods showed a larger decline in taxed food purchases.
title: X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Mn reference compounds for the identification and quantification of Mn species in soils
Creators: name:  Zahoransky ,  Teresa
name:  Wegorzewski ,  Anna V.
name:  Huong ,  Winnie
name:  Mikutta ,  Christian
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Chemical reactivity, mobility, and bioavailability of manganese (Mn) in the environment depend crucially on its speciation. Despite the broad application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to environmental samples, studies covering the identification and quantification of Mn species in soils are surprisingly scarce. In this study, we analyzed 32 organic and inorganic Mn reference compounds by Mn K-edge (6,539 eV) XAS to assess the potential of XAS to differentiate various Mn coordination environments in soils. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of reference compounds were evaluated for the oxidation state of Mn using linear combination fit analysis. Results of this analysis were validated by redox titrations. The average local coordination environment (<5 Å) of Mn was analyzed by shell-fitting of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. Based on spectroscopic data and statistical data analysis, Mn reference compounds were grouped into physically and/or chemically meaningful clusters with diagnostic spectral features. Our results show that XANES spectroscopy can accurately determine the average oxidation state of Mn within 0.12 valence units. EXAFS spectroscopy is capable of differentiating at least three major Mn species groups, which include Mn(III/IV) manganates, Mn(III) oxyhydroxides and organic Mn(III) compounds. Using this information, we elucidated the oxidation state and local coordination environment of Mn in Cambisols, Luvisols, and a Stagnosol (L, O, A, B, and C horizons). Our talk will highlight the capabilities and limitations of XAS in analyzing Mn speciation of bulk soils and provide a guide for scientists exploring the biogeochemical Mn cycle in soil environments.
Mexican cohort study predates but predicts the type of body composition changes expected from the mexican sugar-sweetened beverage tax
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: American Public Health Association Inc.
Year: 2017

description: Important lessons can be learned from studies of the Mexican sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax and related studies on the health effects of the tax. The Mexican government instituted a nationwide one peso per liter excise tax on SSBs that was effective on January 1, 2014. The tax applies to all nonalcoholic beverages with added sugar and represents an approximate 10% increase in prices. The Mexican SSB tax rate is less than the 20% rate in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and scholars globally recommend that the rate be at least 20% or larger to have a meaningful impact.
Feasibility of patient-oriented ultrasound joint selection: Cross-sectional observational study on rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: Kawahara, Rie
name: Nakabo, Shuichiro
name: Shimizu, Madoka
name: Yamamoto, Hiroko
name: Sasai, Tsuneo
name: Nishida, Yuri
name: Funakoshi, Sohei
name: Gon, Yoshie
name: Taniguchi, Masashi
name: Nakajima, Toshiki
name: Hiwa, Ryosuke
name: Motomu Hashimoto
name: Tomizawa, Takuya
name: Azukizawa, Masayuki
name: Nishitani, Kohei
name: Murata, Koichi
name: Tanaka, Masao
name: Hiromu Ito
name: Tsuneyo Mimori
name: Fujii, Yasutomo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: Ultrasonography (US) is a useful tool for evaluating the activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. As the systemic evaluation of many joints is time-consuming, a method to evaluate this activity with a smaller number of joints is needed. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the number of joints assessed may be reduced using patient-oriented joint selection. Methods: A total of 492 RA patients were recruited at Kyoto University Hospital. Bilateral metacarpophalangeal (MCP), (proximal) interphalangeal (PIP/IP), and wrist joints were evaluated by US. Gray scale and power Doppler imaging findings were scored by a 0–3 semi-quantitative method. Clinical assessments were performed by physicians who were blind to US results, and a questionnaire on subjective symptoms was collected from each patient. Results: The correlation between the US score of all 22 joints (US22) and patient-oriented painful joints (PtUS) or physician-oriented tender and/or swollen joints were moderate (Spearman’s ρ = 0.435) and weak (ρ = 0.383), respectively. These correlations were weaker than that between the total US score of 5 preselected joints (unilateral 2MCP, 3MCP, 2PIP, 3PIP, and the wrist) and US22 (ρ = 0.813). However, when focusing on patients whose painful joints were 5 and more, the correlation between PtUS and US22 was markedly stronger (ρ = 0.757). Conclusion: Patient-oriented joint selection reflected actual joint inflammation to some extent. However, excessive reductions in the number of joints assessed need to be avoided even if patients do not have arthralgia because of the potential for underestimations.
3-D Velocity Regulation for Nonholonomic Source Seeking Without Position Measurement
Creators: name: Lin, Jinbiao
name: Song, Shiji
name: You, Keyou
name: Wu, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a three-dimensional problem of steering a nonholonomic vehicle to seek an unknown source of a spatially distributed signal field without any position measurement. In the literature, there exists an extremum seeking-based strategy under a constant forward velocity and tunable pitch and yaw velocities. Obviously, the vehicle with a constant forward velocity may exhibit certain overshoots in the seeking process and can not slow down even it approaches the source. To resolve this undesired behavior, this paper proposes a regulation strategy for the forward velocity along with the pitch and yaw velocities. Under such a strategy, the vehicle slows down near the source and stays within a small area as if it comes to a full stop, and controllers for angular velocities become succinct. We prove the local exponential convergence via the averaging technique. Finally, the theoretical results are illustrated with simulations.
description: submitted to IEEE TCST;12 pages, 10 figures
Diet quality is linked to insulin resistance among adults in China
Creators: name: Cai, J.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Siega-Riz, A.M.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
Publisher: name: American Society for Nutrition
Year: 2017

description: Background: Little is known about the impact of Chinese diet quality changes on diabetes-related markers. Objective: The present study examined the association of changes in overall diet quality with various biomarkers of diabetes among adults in China. Methods: The current analysis used longitudinal diet data from 1991 to 2006 and fasting blood samples from 2009 for 4734 adults aged 18-65 y from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was assessed by using 3 consecutive 24-h recalls and household food weighing. The tailored Alternative Healthy Eating Index (tAHEI) was adapted from the 2010 Harvard Alternative Healthy Eating Index to measure overall diet quality. We categorized baseline tAHEI scores into tertiles and annual changes in the scores into 5 levels (high decrease, low decrease, maintain, low increase, and high increase). We performed mixed-effects regressions to assess the associations between baseline scores and changes in the tAHEI scores and diabetes or insulin markers. Results: Adults with high baseline tAHEI scores tended to be male, older, of lower socioeconomic status, and with higher physical activity levels. After adjustment for all of the covariates, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were 5.1% (95% CI:-0.100,-20.002) and 5.7% (95% CI:-0.113,-0.001) lower, respectively, for adults with high compared with low baseline tAHEI scores and 8.6% (95% CI:-0.155,-0.017) and 9.8% (95% CI:-0.177,-0.018) lower, respectively, for adults with a high increase in score compared with the ''maintain'' category. Null associations were observed between baseline scores and changes in the scores and fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and diabetes prevalence. Conclusions: Baseline and changes in diet quality were independently associated with lower HOMA-IR and plasma insulin but not with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in Chinese adults. Prospective studies on overall diet quality in relation to diabetes markers and risk of diabetes are needed.
(425) Elizabeth Scott
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Sweetening of the global diet, particularly beverages: Patterns, trends, and policy responses
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Hawkes, C.
Publisher: name: Lancet Publishing Group
Year: 2016

description: Evidence suggests that excessive intake of added sugars has adverse effects on cardiometabolic health, which is consistent with many reviews and consensus reports from WHO and other unbiased sources. 74% of products in the US food supply contain caloric or low-calorie sweeteners, or both. Of all packaged foods and beverages purchased by a nationally representative sample of US households in 2013, 68% (by proportion of calories) contain caloric sweeteners and 2% contain low-calorie sweeteners. We believe that in the absence of intervention, the rest of the world will move towards this pervasiveness of added sugars in the food supply. Our analysis of trends in sales of sugar-sweetened beverages around the world, in terms of calories sold per person per day and volume sold per person per day, shows that the four regions with the highest consumption are North America, Latin America, Australasia, and western Europe. The fastest absolute growth in sales of sugar-sweetened beverages by country in 2009-14 was seen in Chile. We believe that action is needed to tackle the high levels and continuing growth in sales of such beverages worldwide. Many governments have initiated actions to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in the past few years, including taxation (eg, in Mexico); reduction of their availability in schools; restrictions on marketing of sugary foods to children; public awareness campaigns; and positive and negative front-of-pack labelling. In our opinion, evidence of the effectiveness of these actions shows that they are moving in the right direction, but governments should view them as a learning process and improve their design over time. A key challenge for policy makers and researchers is the absence of a consensus on the relation of beverages containing low-calorie sweeteners and fruit juices with cardiometabolic outcomes, since decisions about whether these are healthy substitutes for sugar-sweetened beverages are an integral part of policy design.
Tuniciers abyssaux de l'Atlantique oriental tropical récoltés par les campagnes EUMELI
Creators: name: MONNIOT, Claude
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1997

description: Sixteen ascidians species were collected during the EUMELI cruises in the south of the Cape Verde Basin, in 3 different zones: eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic areas. Three new species are described. Among the 16 species collected, 15 were found in the mesotrophic area with a density of at least 10 individuals m-2. In the eutrophic area the species richness is much lower, with only 4 species and a density of 10 individuals m-2. Only 2 species with a density of 3.5 individuals m-2 were found in the oligotrophic area. The distribution of ascidians differs from that of other zoological groups in which the decrease in number of species and individuals from eutrophic to oligotrophic areas is much more pronounced.
INTERVIEW WITH ALEXANDRA DVORNIKOVA
Creators: name: Редакция Журнала
Publisher: name: Ecopoiesis: eco-human theory and practice
Year: 2021
Subjects: art
beauty
forest
nature
creativity

description: An artist from St. Petersburg, Alexandra Dvornikova, gave an interview to our journal in which she talks about her work and its connection with nature, about the artist’s role in promoting environmental values and ecological culture, developing environmental awareness, and about communicating with the natural world as a source of inspiration, beauty and healing.
Tasting profile affects adoption of caloric beverage reduction in a randomized weight loss intervention
Creators: name: Tate, D.F.
name: Popkin, B.
name: Wang, X.
name: Turner-McGrievy, G.
Publisher: name: Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2016

description: Objective: The aim of this study was to examine differences in rates of non-caloric beverage adoption by participants classified as sweet likers (SLs) or sweet dislikers (measured using a behavioural tasting task). Methods: Data are a sub-study from a 6-month, three-group, randomized weight loss trial (CHOICE) (body mass index 36.3 ± 5.8 kg m−2, 84% female, aged 42.2 ± 10.9 years, 53% African-American) comparing the replacement of caloric beverages with either non-caloric sweetened beverages (diet) or water (water) compared with a control group. This sub-study, which included participants within the water (n = 106) and diet (n = 103) groups only, examined whether SLs (n = 33 water; n = 37 diet) varied in their adherence to caloric beverage recommendations compared with sweet dislikers (n = 73 water; n = 76 diet) over the 6-month study. Results: Diet intake and sweet-liking data collected on 190 (3 months) and 169 participants (6 months) were used for analysis. The interaction between SL status and beverage group (diet vs. water) approached significance (P = 0.06) at 3 months but not 6 months. Caloric beverage intake (% energy) at 3 months was significantly higher in SLs within the water group (9.7 ± 1.4%) compared with SLs in the diet group (5.4 ± 1.0%, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Results suggest that SL status may affect the rate in reduction of caloric beverages when water is the recommended substitution. Future studies should explore tailoring beverage recommendations to tasting profile.
Symmetry reduction, integrability and reconstruction in k-symplectic field theory
Creators: name: Bua, L.
name: Mestdag, T.
name: Salgado, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J15, 53Z05, 70S05, 70S10

description: We investigate the reduction process of a k-symplectic field theory whose Lagrangian is invariant under a symmetry group. We give explicit coordinate expressions of the resulting reduced partial differential equations, the so-called Lagrange-Poincare field equations. We discuss two issues about reconstructing a solution from a given solution of the reduced equations. The first one is an interpretation of the integrability conditions, in terms of the curvatures of some connections. The second includes the introduction of the concept of a k-connection to provide a reconstruction method. We show that an invariant Lagrangian, under suitable regularity conditions, defines a `mechanical' k-connection.
description: 37 pages
On the Outage Capacity of the Massive MIMO Diversity Channel
Creators: name: Martalo, Marco
name: Raheli, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) diversity channel affected by independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading, with linear processing at both transmitter and receiver sides, and analyze the outage capacity for large number of antennas. We first discuss the classical Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) diversity channel that uses Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) or Selection Combining (SC). For MRC, a numerical computation and a Gaussian Approximation (GA) are considered, whereas for SC an exact evaluation is possible. The analysis is then straightforwardly extended to the Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) system that uses Maximal Ratio Transmission (MRT) or transmit antenna selection. The general Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system that pursues full diversity is finally considered, with both optimal linear processing and simple antenna selection at both transmitter and receiver. If the number of antennas is sufficiently large on at least one side, the outage capacity of each considered diversity channel approaches that of a suitable reference Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel with properly defined Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), which provides a performance benchmark. This conclusion is valid for large but realistic number of antennas compatible with the assumption of independent fading.
Instrumental-Variables Simultaneous Equations Model of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Creators: name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
name: Tien, H.-C.
name: Kiefe, C.I.
name: Meyer, K.A.
name: Guilkey, D.K.
name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2016

description: We used full-system-estimation instrumental-variables simultaneous equations modeling (IV-SEM) to examine physical activity relative to body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) using 25 years of data (1985/1986 to 2010/2011) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (n = 5,115; ages 18-30 years at enrollment). Neighborhood environment and sociodemographic instruments were used to characterize physical activity, fast-food consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption, marriage, and childbearing (women) and to predict BMI using semiparametric full-information maximum likelihood estimation to control for unobserved time-invariant and time-varying residual confounding and differential measurement error through model-derived discrete random effects. Comparing robust-variance ordinary least squares, random-effects regression, fixed-effects regression, single-equation-estimation IV-SEM, and full-system-estimation IV-SEM, estimates from random- and fixed-effects models and the full-system-estimation IV-SEM were unexpectedly similar, despite the lack of control for residual confounding with the random-effects estimator. Ordinary least squares tended to overstate the significance of health behaviors in BMI, while results from single-equation-estimation IV-SEM were notably different, revealing the impact of weak instruments in standard instrumental-variable methods. Our robust findings for fixed effects (which does not require instruments but has a high cost in lost degrees of freedom) and full-system-estimation IV-SEM (vs. standard IV-SEM) demonstrate potential for a full-system-estimation IV-SEM method even with weak instruments.