cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Super-resolution imaging of plasmonic hotspots
Creators: name: Mack, David
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: As the need to control and manipulate light on the nanoscale increases, intense expectations are being placed on the field of plasmonics to provide novel and consistent ways of controlling light, to achieve the desired optical properties and performance on these scales for both scientific and industrial applications. These properties include, high electromagnetic near-field enhancements, designer optical surfaces with control over scattering and absorption properties and nanoscale light waveguiding. One of the promising properties of plasmonics is their ability to generate electromagnetic (EM) hotspots. These are near-field structures, small in volume, but with extremely high field intensities. To better understand and apply these phenomena, techniques to characterize and image the spatial structure of these fields will become important. This is, in part, due to the extreme sensitivity of these fields to small structural and environmental changes to the plasmonic antenna. Here we present work on a single molecule fluorescence localization based super-resolution technique for the study and imaging of electromagnetic near-field structures generated around plasmonic antennas, with a special interest in the study of EM hotspots. The experimental work encompasses developing a suitable optical setup for fluorescent molecule detection, sample design and fabrication using electron beam lithography, as well as finite difference time domain simulations of plasmonic antenna properties. The technique has been used to probe the near-fields around a variety of plasmonic antennas. Analysis of the results demonstrated that the localization process can be complicated by the coupling of the fluorescence emission with the plasmonic system. When emission-coupled events occur, the results generally do not report the real position of the molecules, nor the EM enhancement distribution at the illuminating wavelength. To circumvent this issue, fluorescent molecules with a large Stokes shift have been used in order to spectrally decouple the emission process of the dye from the plasmonic system, leaving only the absorption strongly in resonance with the enhanced EM field in the antenna’s vicinity. The real position of the emitters in this complex but interesting scenario are then found directly. The technique is demonstrated to provide an effective way of exploring either the EM field or the LDOS with nanometre spatial resolution.
Low cost fabrication processing for microwave and millimetre-wave passive components
Creators: name: D'Auria, Mario
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Microwave and millimetre-wave technology has enabled many commercial applications to play a key role in the development of wireless communication. When dissipative attenuation is a critical factor, metal-pipe waveguides are essential in the development of microwave and millimetre-wave systems. However, their cost and weight may represent a limitation for their application. In the first part of this work two 3D printing technologies and electroless plating were employed to fabricate metal pipe rectangular waveguides in X and W-band. The performance for the fabricated waveguides was comparable to the one of commercially available equivalents, showing good impedance matching and low attenuation losses. Using these technologies, a high-performance inductive iris filter in W-band and a dielectric flap phase shifter in X-band were fabricated. Eventually the design and fabrication of a phased antenna array is reported. For microwave and millimetre-wave applications, system-on-substrate technology can be considered a very valuable alternative, where bulky coax and waveguide interconnects are replaced by low-loss transmission lines embedded into a multilayer substrate, which can include a wide range of components and subsystems. In the second part of this work the integration of RF MEMS with LTCC fabrication process is investigated. Three approaches to the manufacture of suspended structures were considered, based on laser micromachining, laser bending of aluminium foil and hybrid thick/thin film technology. Although the fabrication process posed many challenges, resulting in very poor yield, two of the solution investigated showed potential for the fabrication of low-cost RF MEMS fully integrated in LTCC technology. With the experience gained with laser machining, the rapid prototyping of high aspect ratio beams for silicon MEMS was also investigated. In the third part of this work, a statistical study based on the Taguchi design of experiment and analysis of variance was undertaken. The results show a performance comparable with standard cleanroom processing, but at a fraction of the processing costs and greater design flexibility, due to the lack of need for masks.
X-Ray Spectra of Z Sources
Creators: name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
name: Lamb, Frederick K.
name: Miller, Guy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple, physically consistent model has been proposed that seeks to explain in a unified way the X-ray spectra and rapid X-ray variability of the so-called Z sources and other accreting neutron stars in low-mass systems. Here we summarize the results of detailed numerical calculations of the X-ray spectra of the Z sources predicted by this model. Our computations show that in the Z sources, photons are produced primarily by electron cyclotron emission in the neutron star magnetosphere. Comptonization of these photons by the hot central corona and radial inflow produces X-ray spectra, color-color tracks, and countrate variations like those observed in the Z sources.
description: 6 pages, 2 Postscript figures in 4 files, uses aas2pp4.sty, submitted to ApJ (Letters) 1995 May 30
Additional file 1 of Rigid forceps and excimer laser use for complex inferior cava filter retrieval: a preliminary quantitative analysis of available evidence
Creators: name: Yu, Qian
name: Tran, Patrick
name: Iyer, Deepak
name: Gutti, Subhash
name: Li, Davey
name: Li, Xin
name: Navuluri, Rakesh
name: Van Ha, Thong
name: Ahmed, Osman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Supplement Table 1. Baseline Characteristic and Success Retrieval Rates of Included Studies. Supplement Table 2. Complication Rates and Iatrogenic Filter Fracture.
Towards the asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-lycorine
Creators: name: Nieh, Ling-Fu
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The application of organocatalysis has expanded significantly in recent years. Organocatalysts can give good enantioselectitvity and hence provide an efficient access to chiral building blocks for organic synthesis. The first chapter in this thesis discusses the possibility to improve the enantioselectivity of the asymmetric Kornblum-DeLaMare (KDLM) rearrangement on a six-membered cyclic endoperoxide. Toste has developed efficient bifunctional catalysts derived from quinine and quinidine for the asymmetric KDLM rearrangement on eight- and seven-membered cyclic endoperoxides, but these catalysts can only provide moderate enantioselectivity for six-membered cyclic endoperoxides. We successfully developed an efficient Bucherer reaction to introduce an amine group on the quinoline ring of quinine and then synthesised various quinine derived catalysts with different hydrogen bond donors. We then examine these compounds as catalysts for the KDLM rearrangement of six-membered cyclic endoperoxides. In the second chapter, we attempted to achieve the total synthesis of (−)-lycorine. The total synthesis started with TBS-protected 4-hydroxycyclohexenone. Our synthesis features a stereoselective Michael addition to establish the cis-relative stereochemistry between the C3 and C3a stereocentres on the six-membered ring. The 1,3-benzodioxole group is introduced by an efficient Suzuki coupling. Then, a highly stereoselective Cope-type hydroamination is performed to introduce the two stereogenic centres of the (−)-lycorine core. Various conditions were examined in order to optimise the Cope-type hydroamination. The double bond between C2 and C3 was constructed by an efficient anti-elimination. We therefore have developed an efficient method to construct the stereocentres and the double bond in (−)-lycorine, which were difficult to construct previously.
Additional file 2: of The Community Health Assessment Program in the Philippines (CHAP-P) diabetes health promotion program for low- to middle-income countries: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Agarwal, Gina
name: Angeles, Ricardo
name: Dolovich, Lisa
name: Kaczorowski, Janusz
name: Gaber, Jessica
name: Guenter, Dale
name: Arnuco, Floro
name: Lam, Hilton
name: Thabane, Lehana
name: OâReilly, Daria
name: Agbulos, Rodelin
name: Arciaga, Rosemarie
name: Barrera, Jerome
name: Gregorio, Elgie
name: Halili, Servando
name: Jalani, Norvie
name: Cristobal, Fortunato
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Consent Form â CHAP-P Session Participant. (DOCX 169 kb)
Supplementary methods from Rhythmic motor behaviour influences perception of visual time
Creators: name: Tomassini, Alice
name: Vercillo, Tiziana
name: Torricelli, Francesco
name: Morrone, Maria Concetta
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional information about procedure and data analysis for the main experiment and methods for the control experiment.
Cosmology with Galaxy Clusters: II. Projection Effects on Hubble Constant and Gas Mass Fraction
Creators: name: Cooray, Asantha R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that a combined analysis of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and the X-ray emission observations can be used to determine the angular diameter distance to galaxy clusters, from which the Hubble constant is derived. The present values of the Hubble constant derived through the SZ/X-ray route have a broad distribution ranging from 30 to 70 km s^-1 Mpc^-1. We show that this broad distribution is primarily due to the projection effect of aspherical clusters, which have been modeled using spherical geometries. The projection effect is also expected to broaden the measured gas mass fraction of galaxy clusters. However, the projection effect either under- or overestimate the Hubble constant and the gas mass fraction in an opposite manner, producing an anticorrelation. Using the published data for SZ/X-ray clusters, we show that the current Hubble constant distribution is negatively correlated with the measured gas mass fraction for same clusters, suggesting that the projection effects are present in current results. If the gas mass fraction of galaxy clusters, when measured out to an outer hydrostatic radius is constant, it may be possible to account for the line of sight geometry of galaxy clusters. However, to perform such an analysis, an independent measurement of the total mass of galaxy clusters, such as from weak lensing, is needed. Using the weak lensing, optical velocity dispersion, SZ and X-ray data, we outline an alternative method to calculate the Hubble constant, which is subjected less to projection effects than the present method based on only the SZ and X-ray data. For A2163, the Hubble constant based on published SZ, X-ray and weak lensing observations is \sim 49 \pm 29 km s^-1 Mpc^-1.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (Main Journal)
Canis familiaris subsp. vertagus Linnaeus, 1758, subspec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris subsp. vertagus

description: Canis familiaris subsp. vertagus [subspec. nov.]
pedibus curvatis, trunco longo saepius variegato.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 39, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Assessing Perturbativity and Vacuum Stability in High-Scale Leptogenesis
Creators: name: Ipek, Seyda
name: Plascencia, Alexis D.
name: Turner, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the requirements that all coupling constants remain perturbative and the electroweak vacuum metastable up to the Planck scale in high-scale thermal leptogenesis, in the context of a type-I seesaw mechanism. We find a large region of the model parameter space that satisfies these conditions in combination with producing the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We demonstrate these conditions require ${\rm Tr}[Y_N^\dagger Y_N] \lesssim 0.66$ on the neutrino Yukawa matrix. We also investigate this scenario in the presence of a large number $N_F$ of coloured Majorana octet fermions in order to make quantum chromodynamics asymptotically safe in the ultraviolet.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures. v2: Analysis extended up to M_N=10^15 GeV. Minor changes in the text, references added, version accepted for publication in JHEP
The OPAL Equation of State and Low Metallicity Isochrones
Creators: name: Chaboyer, Brian
name: Kim, Yong --Cheol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Yale stellar evolution code has been modified to use the OPAL equation of state tables (Rogers 1994). Stellar models and isochrones were constructed for low metallicity systems ($-2.8 \le [Fe/H] \le -0.6$). Above $M\sim 0.7\,\msun$, the isochrones are very similar to those which are constructed using an equation of state which includes the analytical Debye-Huckel correction at high temperatures. The absolute magnitude of the main sequence turn-off (\mvto) with the OPAL or Debye-Huckel isochrones is about 0.06 magnitudes fainter, at a given age, than \mvto derived from isochrones which do not include the Debye-Huckel correction. As a consequence, globular clusters ages derived using \mvto are reduced by 6 -- 7\% as compared to the ages determined from the standard isochrones. Below $M\sim 0.7\,\msun$, the OPAL isochrones are systematically hotter (by approximately 0.04 in B-V) at a given magnitude as compared to the standard, or Debye-Huckel isochrones. However, the lower mass models fall out of the OPAL table range, and this could be the cause of the differences in the location of the lower main-sequences.
description: to appear in ApJ, 8 pages LaTeX, uses aaspptwo.sty. Complete uuencoded postscript file (including figures) available from: ftp://ftp.cita.utoronto.ca/cita/chaboyer/papers/opal.uu
Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lupus

description: Canis lupus [spec. nov.]
C. cauda incurvata. Faun. suec. 13. Syst. nat. 5.
Lupus. Gesn. quadr. 634. Aldr. dig. 144. Jonst. quadr. 89. Raj. quadr. 173.
Habitat in Europae sylvis, etjam frigidioribus.
Canis genus vorax, morsu lacerans, arbores non scandit; Penis nodosus est.
Catervatim incedit, Pecora, Equos, Sues occidit, rarius hominem; in sylvis suspiciocissimus vix audet; tractum funiculum metuit. Oculi noctu lucent.
Anatome. E. N. C. d. 2. a. 9. obs. 71. & cent. 10. app. 450.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Chemical potentials of light flavor quarks from yield ratios of negative to positive particles in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: Gao, Ya-Qin
name: Lao, Hai-Ling
name: Liu, Fu-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse momentum spectra of $π^{-}$, $π^{+}$, $K^{-}$, $K^{+}$, $\bar{p}$, and $p$ produced in Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, 130, and $200$ GeV are analyzed in the framework of a multisource thermal model. The experimental data measured at midrapidity by the STAR Collaboration are fitted by the (two-component) standard distribution. The effective temperature of emission source increases obviously with the increase of the particle mass and the collision energy. At different collision energies, the chemical potentials of up, down, and strange quarks are obtained from the antiparticle to particle yield ratios in given transverse momentum ranges available in experiments. With the increase of logarithmic collision energy, the chemical potentials of light flavor quarks decrease exponentially.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures. Advances in High Energy Physics, accepted
A scoping review on Para-cycling.
Creators: name: Bosque, Gerardo Villa Del
name: González-Devesa, Daniel
name: Ayán, Carlos
name: García-Fresneda, Adrián
name: Suárez-Iglesias, David
name: Villa-Vicente, José Gerardo
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sports Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This scoping review aimed to summarize the literature on Para-cycling comprehensively. A systematic search for studies on competitive Para-cycling on WOS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Scopus was performed until December 2023. Five methodological phases were followed: (i) identifying the research question, (ii) identifying relevant studies, (iii) study selection, (iv) charting the data, and (v) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results.
Supplementary results from Rhythmic motor behaviour influences perception of visual time
Creators: name: Tomassini, Alice
name: Vercillo, Tiziana
name: Torricelli, Francesco
name: Morrone, Maria Concetta
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Finger tapping performance, comparison between data aligned to tap onset and offset and results for the control (no-movement) experiment.
The impact of syn-rift halokinesis to sediment deposition and distribution: a case study in the Central North Sea Basin, UK
Creators: name: Abu Bakar, Azli
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This study looks at the effect of rifting and halokinesis to sediment distribution in the Central Graben, which is one of a few basins that have been subjected to both rifting and halokinesis at the same time. The main aim of this study is to integrate the plethora of well and 3D seismic data in the Central Graben in order to re-evaluate the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the rifting- and halokinesis-influenced Upper Jurassic rocks in the basin. In general, the basin was controlled by three major structural trends: (1) NW- and NE-striking Caledonian structures; (2) E-striking Variscan structures; and (3) NNW- to NW-striking Permo-Triassic structure. The initial opening of the basin during the Late Jurassic period rejuvenated and exploited the NW-striking Permo-Triassic structures before being taken over by a NNW-striking fault pattern. The complex fault pattern resulted in the CG being subdivided into several structural domains, which define areas of different salt wall patterns and distribution of the major Jurassic depocentres. The Upper Jurassic stratigraphy was divided into six major sequences bounded by major flooding surfaces. Nine sedimentary facies were also identified, associated with non-marine to deepwater depositional environments. Non-marine facies associations are found at the edge of the basin whereas shallow marine facies association could be found throughout the basin. Deep marine facies association, mainly made of low density turbidites, is rare but might be found in the axial part of each structural domains. No major submarine fan was identified, perhaps due to the lack of incised valley network that typically feed large fan system. In general, Oxfordian sequences were more influenced by halokinesis, indicated by thickening of sediments towards salt-withdrawal mini-basins and sporadic distribution of turbidites related to over-steepened Triassic’s mini-basin flanks, than the younger Kimmeridgian to Tithonian sequences. However, the younger sediments on the flanks were also affected by salt diapirs resulting in a compartmentalized architecture.
The alignment of disk and black hole spins in active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Natarajan, Priyamvada
name: Pringle, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inner parts of an accretion disk around a spinning black hole are forced to align with the spin of the hole by the Bardeen-Petterson effect. Assuming that any jet produced by such a system is aligned with the angular momentum of either the hole or the inner disk, this can, in principle provide a mechanism for producing steady jets in AGN whose direction is independent of the angular momentum of the accreted material. However, the torque which aligns the inner disk with the hole, also, by Newton's third law, tends to align the spin of the hole with the outer accretion disk. In this letter, we calculate this alignment timescale for a black hole powering an AGN, and show that it is relatively short. This timescale is typically much less than the derived ages for jets in radio loud AGN, and implies that the jet directions are not in general controlled by the spin of the black hole. We speculate that the jet directions are most likely controlled either by the angular momentum of the accreted material or by the gravitational potential of the host galaxy.
description: 4 pages, LateX file, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Invariants for trivalent tangles and handlebody-tangles
Creators: name: Caprau, Carmen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 57M15, 57M25

description: An enhanced trivalent tangle is a trivalent tangle with some of its edges labeled. We use enhanced trivalent tangles and classical knot theory to provide a recipe for constructing invariants for trivalent tangles, and in particular, for knotted trivalent graphs. Our method also yields invariants of, what we refer to as, enhanced handlebody-tangles and enhanced handlebody-links.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures; typos have been corrected and suggestions from the referee have been included
Robotics for surgical microscopy
Creators: name: Giataganas, Petros
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Advances in surgery have had a significant impact on cancer treatment and management. Recurrence, however, is still a major issue, and is often associated with incomplete tumour removal. Thus far, histopathological examination is still the “gold standard” for assessing tumour resection completeness. However, it is operator-dependent and too slow for intraoperative use. Recently developed endomicroscopy techniques enable the acquisition of high resolution images at a cellular level in situ, in vivo, thus significantly extending the information content available intraoperatively. The miniaturised imaging probes incorporate flexible fibre bundles and allow the ease of integration with surgical instruments. However, manual control of these probes is challenging, particularly in terms of maintaining consistent tissue contact and performing large area surveillance of complex, deformable, 3D structures. This thesis explores the use of surgical robots and robotically-assisted probe manipulation to provide stable, precise, consistent and dexterous manipulation of endomicroscopy probes for surgical applications. Following a discussion of image enhancement techniques, a first approach towards robotically-assisted probe manipulation using existing surgical robotic platforms is demonstrated in the form of multi-purpose, pick-up probes. They also incorporate novel force adaptive mechanisms for consistent tissue contact. The development of bespoke, mechatronically-enhanced robotic devices is then presented. Firstly, a handheld robotic scanning device is proposed for breast conserving surgery, allowing accurate, high speed scanning over wide deformable tissue areas. An energy delivery fibre is integrated into the scanning mechanism for image-guided ablation or intraoperative marking of tumour margins. Secondly, a dexterous 5-degree-of-freedom robotic instrument is proposed for use in endoluminal microsurgeries. The instrument offers increased flexibility and by using a master-slave control scheme, we demonstrate how efficient, large area scanning over curved endoluminal surfaces can be performed. Finally, the fusion of ultrasound imaging with endomicroscopy is investigated through the development of a robotically-actuated articulated instrument for multi-modality image fusion.
Supplementary Methods and Results from Delayed trait development and the convergent evolution of shell kinesis in turtles
Creators: name: Cordero, Gerardo Antonio
name: Quinteros, Kevin
name: Janzen, Fredric J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Extended methods and results sections with addition histological, phylogenetic, and morphometric analyses.
Canis familiaris subsp. fricator Linnaeus, 1758, subspec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris subsp. fricator

description: Canis familiaris subsp. fricator [subspec. nov.]
naso resimo, auribus pendulis, corpore quadrato.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 39, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The Central Region in M100: Observations and Modeling
Creators: name: Knapen, J. H.
name: Beckman, J. E.
name: Heller, C. H.
name: Shlosman, I.
name: de Jong, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new high-resolution observations of the center of the late-type spiral M100 (NGC 4321) supplemented by 3D numerical modeling of stellar and gas dynamics, including star formation (SF). NIR imaging has revealed a stellar bar, previously inferred from optical and 21 cm observations, and an ovally-shaped ring-like structure in the plane of the disk. The K isophotes become progressively elongated and skewed to the position angle of the bar (outside and inside the `ring') forming an inner bar-like region. The galaxy exhibits a circumnuclear starburst in the inner part of the K `ring'. Two maxima of the K emission have been observed to lie symmetrically with respect to the nucleus and equidistant from it slightly leading the stellar bar. We interpret the twists in the K isophotes as being indicative of the presence of a double inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) and test this hypothesis by modeling the gas flow in a self-consistent gas + stars disk embedded in a halo, with an overall NGC4321-like mass distribution. We have reproduced the basic morphology of the region (the bar, the large scale trailing shocks, two symmetric K peaks corresponding to gas compression maxima which lie at the caustic formed by the interaction of a pair of trailing and leading shocks in the vicinity of the inner ILR, both peaks being sites of SF, and two additional zones of SF corresponding to the gas compression maxima, referred usually as `twin peaks').
description: 31 pages, postscript, compressed, uuencoded. 21 figures available in postscript, compressed form by anonymous ftp from ftp://asta.pa.uky.edu/shlosman/main100 , mget *.ps.Z. To appear in Ap.J
Effect of $R$-site substitution and the pressure on stability of $R$Fe$_{12}$: A first-principles study
Creators: name: Harashima, Yosuke
name: Fukazawa, Taro
name: Kino, Hiori
name: Miyake, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the structural stability of $R$Fe$_{12}$ with the ThMn$_{12}$ structure ($R$: rare-earth elements, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, Y, or Sc, or group-IV elements, Zr or Hf) based on density functional theory. The formation energy has a strong correlation with the atomic radius of $R$. The formation energy relative to simple substances decreases as the atomic radius decreases, except for $R=$ Sc and Hf, while that relative to $R_{2}$Fe$_{17}$ and bcc Fe has a minimum for $R=$ Dy. The present results are consistent with recent experimental reports in which the partial substitution of Zr at $R$ sites stabilizes $R$Fe$_{12}$-type compounds with $R=$ Nd or Sm. Our results also suggest that the partial substitution of Y, Dy, Ho, Er, or Tm for Nd or Sm is a possible way to enhance the stability of the ThMn$_{12}$ structure. Under hydrostatic pressure, the formation enthalpy decreases up to $\approx$ 6 GPa and then starts to increase at higher pressures.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Spectroscopy of the Host Galaxy of the Gamma--Ray Burst 980703
Creators: name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Goodrich, R.
name: Frail, D. A.
name: Piro, L.
name: Palazzi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic observations of the host galaxy of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) 980703. Several emission and absorption features are detected, making the redshift, z = 0.966, completely unambiguous. This is only the third known redshift for a GRB host. The implied isotropic gamma-ray energy release from the burst is in excess of 10^{53} erg, for a reasonable choice of cosmological parameters. The spectroscopic properties of the host galaxy are typical for a star formation powered object. Using the observed value of the Balmer decrement, we derived the extinction in the galaxy's restframe, A_V = 0.3 +- 0.3 mag. Using three different star formation rate indicators, we estimate SFR ~ 10 Msun/yr, or higher, depending on the extinction, with a lower limit of SFR > 7 Msun/yr. This is the highest value of the star formation rate measured for a GRB galaxy so far, and it gives some support to the idea that GRBs are closely related to massive star formation.
description: Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters; 8 pages, including 2 tables and 3 embedded postscript figures; style files included
Carex amicta Boott, Ill. Gen.
Creators: name: Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro
name: Alegría-Olivera, J. José
name: Beltrán, Hamilton W.
name: Cano, Asunción
name: Granda-Paucar, Arturo
name: Maldonado Fonkén, Mónica S.
name: Riva-Regalado, Sebastián
name: Ruthsatz, Barbara
name: Escudero, Marcial
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Carex
Carex amicta

description: Carex amicta Boott, Ill. Gen. Carex 4: 131. 1867.
Lectotype (here designated): Paramo de Cuchero [Páramo de Cachirí], N. Granada 1845, W. Purdie s.n. (Herbarium Hookerianum) (K barcode 000584609 digital image!; isolectotype: K barcode 000584608 digital image!).
Iconography: Boott (1867: tab. 421)
Material studied. PERU. Cajamarca: Celendín, Laguna Azul, 3706 m, 6 Apr 1994, G. Vilcapoma & J. J. Alegría 7380 (MOL-15907).
Notes: Carex amicta is an Andean endemic species previously known from Venezuela to Ecuador. Here we cite it for the first time for the department of Cajamarca in Peru, which becomes the southernmost limit of the species range. The dwarf Carex amicta, a species that dwell in páramos, is an atypical member of the formerly recognized subgenus Vigneastra (now known to be nested within subgenus Carex; Global Carex Group (2016) and references therein), mainly constituted by large species from tropical humid forests with open panicle-like inflorescences and fertile cladoprophylls.
We conclude that the type locality of this species, Páramo de Cuchero, belongs to some place in Colombia following Ewan (1948) whom describes the travel itinerary of Purdie between 1845 and 1846 indicating that he visited the northern part of the country with no reference to Venezuela or Ecuador or any other place south to Bogotá. This locality is listed as Colombia, Santander by the Missouri Botanical Garden database (Magill et al. c2019) without any further information and does not appear in the official colombian gazeteer (IGAC 1996).
description: Published as part of Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro, Alegría-Olivera, J. José, Beltrán, Hamilton W., Cano, Asunción, Granda-Paucar, Arturo, Maldonado Fonkén, Mónica S., Riva-Regalado, Sebastián, Ruthsatz, Barbara & Escudero, Marcial, 2020, Chorological and nomenclatural notes on Peruvian Carex (Cyperaceae), pp. 63-69 in Caldasia 42 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v42n1.76771, http://zenodo.org/record/15265307
Canis familiaris subsp. aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758, subspec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris subsp. aquaticus

description: Canis familiaris subsp. aquaticus [subspec. nov.]
pilo crispo longo, instar ovis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 39, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Novel therapeutic and diagnostic ultrasound techniques in cancer management
Creators: name: Abel, Mark Joshua
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Introduction: The aim of this thesis is to assess novel therapeutic and diagnostic ultrasound techniques in cancer management. A drive to improve prognosis in cancer patients has resulted in a vast array of recent medical advances and new approaches using ultrasound technology may enhance outcome in patients with a diagnosis of malignancy. Methods: A new 256 element random phased-array high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) device was designed, developed and tested for use in treating hepatic tumours. An existing intra-cavitary HIFU transducer (Sonablate 500®) currently under investigation for use in prostate cancer was adapted to determine safety and efficacy in the treatment of other pelvic malignancies. Doppler, dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) and shearwave elastography (SWE) were used to assess changes in perfusion and elasticity respectively of hepatic tumours and liver parenchyma in patients undergoing therapy for primary or secondary liver malignancy with cytotoxic chemotherapy, selective internal radiation therapy and biological agents. Measurements were correlated with serum tumour and inflammatory markers and hepatic cancer volume. Results: The new HIFU device was able to cause rapid and directed large volume tissue ablations deep to a simulated rib cage in an ex vivo setting. The Sonoblate® device was safely used for symptomatic relief in a patient with cervical cancer, although device design limitations prevented successful implementation in rectal carcinoma. In multiple circumstances, Doppler, DCE-US and SWE were able to prognosticate outcomes to cancer therapy at pre-treatment and 2-week time points and showed a level of correlation with serum markers and tumour volume. Conclusion: Novel ultrasound techniques, including HIFU, Doppler ultrasound, DCE-US and SWE show promise in both the treatment and response monitoring of patients diagnosed with malignancy.
Strategic Significance of Africa in the Context of the American Grand Strategy
Creators: name: Kreidi, Johnny
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: grand strategy
subject: Africa
subject: strategic significance
subject: United States
subject: terrorism
subject: nuclear proliferation
subject: China in Africa
subject: interests
subject: military threats
subject: economic threats

description: In this paper, I study the strategic significance of Africa by trying to understand what American interests in Africa are worth dedicating financial and military resources to protect against various threats. I present three criteria that make each region strategically significant, and I analyze each criteria apart. Then, I study the impact of having other great powers in the continent that are active like China and Russia, and whether that should be of a particular concern to the United States. I argue that Egypt is strategically significant in Africa to counter nuclear proliferation, eastern and western Africa are strategically significant for counterterrorism purposes, and all maritime African countries are strategically significant to ensure free U.S. access to trade and open water. I also argue that the Chinese and Russian presence in Africa make the continent strategically significant because of the threats they pose to American interests by having naval bases near strategic locations and by establishing Chinese-African regional institutions without any American influence.
Metrology of the electrocaloric effect based on an infrared imaging technique
Creators: name: Rokosz, MacIej
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In recent years the electrocaloric effect has gained the substantial interest of researchers due to its potential applications in commercial cooling. The high theoretical effciency of electro-thermal conversion places this phenomenon as a potential alternative to commercial vapour-compression refrigerators. Success in such solid state cooling is anticipated to lead to global scale energy savings and reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases. Most of the focus has been directed towards the achievement of high values of the electrocaloric effect temperature change ∆T EC . High values of around 10 K and more have been reported. However little attention has been given to the methods of measurements and their uncertainties. This work aims to use a metrological approach to study the electrocaloric phenomenon, to compare certain methods and to explore these measurements and their uncertainties. There are various ways to quantify the electrocaloric effect and various parameters infuence the direct measurements of ∆T EC . Here a direct method using infrared imaging is employed for the spatial and time-resolved temperature measurements of electrocaloric bodies. A set of the parameters infuencing the∆T EC is determined. Based on these quantifed contributions, an uncertainty for such measurements is reported. The calibration of the imager is performed to validate the traceability of measurements, and a further set of characterisation apparatus was implemented to establish its performance. A bulk Ba 0.65 Sr 0.35 TiO 3 sample was employed as a cross reference specimen in an inter-laboratory comparison involving infrared imaging and two types of differential scanning calorimetry. Within the scope of this work, two commercial ceramic material compositions were characterised; a multilayer capacitor and a PMN-PT ceramic. First, BaTiO 3 in form of a multilayer ceramic capacitor was used to establish the optimal performance of such a structure and to investigate the in-situ measurements. In this measurement there were substantial differences in ∆T EC depending on where on the sample (surface vs. interior) the measurement was made and an explanation for this difference is suggested. Second, the polycrystalline Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )−PbTiO 3 ceramic sample was used investigate other sources of uncertainties arising from the mechanical coupling during electrocaloric measurements, estimated to account for up to 20% of the observed electrocaloric effect.
The Significance of the Cosmic Virial Theorem
Creators: name: Bartlett, James G.
name: Blanchard, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the development and physics of the cosmic virial theorem and its traditional application as an indicator of the cosmic mean density. The standard result that the density must be sub-critical relies on the assumption that the galaxy three-point correlation function accurately describes the mass distribution around a typical pair of galaxies. To challenge this assumption, we develop a simple model of this mass distribution based on the extension of galactic halos. In such a model, one sees clearly the importance of the local mass distribution around pairs to the prediction of the galaxy pair-wise velocity dispersion. The model provides insight into the mechanics of the theorem and demonstrates that a flat universe is {\it consistent} with the observations. More generally, we conclude that the relative pair-wise velocity dispersion probes the mass clustered around galaxies and that the observations, viewed in this light, indicate a lower bound of $\sim 300\; h^{-1}$kpc on the radius of galactic halos.
description: 7 pages of uuencoded, compressed postscript with integrated figures
Berry curvature dipole current in transition metal dichalcogenides family
Creators: name: You, Jhih-Shih
name: Fang, Shiang
name: Xu, Su-Yang
name: Kaxiras, Efthimios
name: Low, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum nonlinear Hall effect in two-dimensional materials with time-reversal symmetry. When only one mirror line exists, a transverse charge current occurs in second-order response to an external electric field, as a result of the Berry curvature dipole in momentum space. Candidate 2D materials to observe this effect are two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides~(TMDCs). First we use an ab initio based tight-binding approach to demonstrate that monolayer $T_d$-stricture TMDCs exhibit a finite Berry curvature dipole. In the $1H$ and $1T'$ phase of TMDCs, we show the emergence of finite Berry curvature dipole with the application of strain and electrical displacement field respectively.
description: 4 figures
title: Filtration Ingestion and Assimilation Rates of the Mysid Shrimp Neomysis Americana Smith, Fed Three Food Sources
Creators: name: Grabb, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1980

description: Laboratory grazing and assimilation experiments were conducted on the mysid shrimp Neomysis americana in an attempt to assess the suitability of three potential food sources. It was hypothesized that the smaller size classes were primarily herbivores, not becoming omnivorous until attaining lengths of approximately 5-6 mm. Four size classes of mysids from the summer generation, juveniles, immature, adult males, and adult ovigerous females were each fed three concentrations of Artemia salina nauplii, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, and the diatom Coscinodiscus lineatus. The mean lengths of the size classes utilized, plus or minus one standard deviation, were 2.5 ± 0.4 mm, 4.5 ± 0.5 mm, 8.0 ± 0.5 mm and 8.5 ± 0.6 mm respectively. Grazing experiments were conducted for 24 hours under 12 hour light:12 hour dark photoperiods at 15 °C. On a dry weight basis, ingestion was found to increase with decreasing prey and predator size. Percent assimilations on the various food sources were determined according to Conover's (1966) ratio method. Results indicate that while the smaller shrimp are omnivores, they are unable or unwilling to ingest Artemia nauplii. Assimilation rates are highest for all sizes when fed on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Rotifers were the food source highest in organics (88.5 ± 3.4%) and are judged to be the most suitable food of the three offered for future culture attempts.
Canis alopex Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis alopex

description: Canis alopex [spec. nov.]
C. cauda recta: apice nigro. Syst. nat. 5.
Vulpes campestris vulgo.
Habitat in Europa, Asia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 40, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Surface waves in magnetic metamaterials: phenomena and applications
Creators: name: Hadjicosti, Krystallo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Surface waves in metamaterials are responsible for a range of phenomena, and understanding their properties is essential for the development of metamaterial applications. This thesis first investigates the propagation of surface magneto-inductive waves along a defect in an array of split-ring resonators. A new approach is demonstrated in which the defect is formed by changing the resonant frequency of the defect elements. The dispersion relation was derived and its dependence on the sign and the strength of the inter-element coupling and the relationship between the resonant frequencies was studied. Waveguides, couplers and filters were simulated, and the theoretical results were verified experimentally. The thesis further investigates the effect of inter-element coupling on surface magneto-inductive polaritons. Using two models, one relying on the effective-medium approximation and the other on equivalent circuits, we studied theoretically surface polaritons propagating along an interface between air and a magnetic metamaterial. With a moderate longitudinal coupling, a single polariton is supported similar to the un-coupled case. However, the presence of a transverse coupling changed the polariton dispersion dramatically. The effective-medium model yielded two branches of polariton dispersion at low values of transverse coupling. As the coupling increased, both polaritons disappeared. The validity of the effective-medium model was further tested by employing the circuit model. In this model, surface polaritons could exist in the presence of a transverse coupling only if the boundary layer of the metamaterial included additional impedances, which could become non-Foster circuits. The results reveal that the inter-element coupling is a major mechanism affecting the properties of the polaritons. They also highlight the limitations of using bulk effective-medium parameters for interface problems in metamaterials.