cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-Related States and Order Parameter Induced in a Conventional Superconductor by Nonmagnetic Chiral Molecules
Creators: name: Alpern, Hen
name: Yavilberg, Konstantin
name: Dvir, Tom
name: Sukenik, Nir
name: Klang, Maya
name: Yochelis, Shira
name: Cohen, Hagai
name: Grosfeld, Eytan
name: Steinberg, Hadar
name: Paltiel, Yossi
name: Millo, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid ferromagnetic/superconducting systems are well known for hosting intriguing phenomena such as emergent triplet superconductivity at their interfaces and the appearance of in-gap, spin polarized Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states bound to magnetic impurities on a superconducting surface. In this work we demonstrate that similar phenomena can be induced on a surface of a conventional superconductor by chemisorbing non-magnetic chiral molecules. Conductance spectra measured on NbSe2 flakes over which chiral alpha helix polyalanine molecules were adsorbed, exhibit, in some cases, in-gap states nearly symmetrically positioned around zero bias that shift with magnetic field, akin to YSR states, as corroborated by theoretical simulations. Other samples show evidence for a collective phenomenon of hybridized YSR-like states giving rise to unconventional, possibly triplet superconductivity, manifested in the conductance spectra by the appearance of a zero bias conductance that diminishes, but does not split, with magnetic field. The transition between these two scenarios appears to be governed by the density of adsorbed molecules.
description: Accepted to Nano Letters. 17 pages and 5 figures. supporting information provided
Study on the Change of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Anhui Province
Creators: name: Liu, Wan-Qing
name: Liu, Wan-Qing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Land use
subject: Landscape pattern
subject: Anhui Province

description: Based on the statistical data concerning land use in Anhui Province from 1995 to 2005, this paper conduct comprehensive analysis on change of land use structure, change of land use degree, and landscape pattern change of land use in Anhui Province from 1995 to 2005 using statistical analysis and mathematical model. The results show that the land use structure has changed significantly; the rate of land use change is quick; the land use degree is not high; the spatial pattern of land use tends to be reasonable and gradually develops toward the equilibrium state.
Additional file 9 of Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of YTH domain-containing RNA-binding protein family in common wheat
Creators: name: Sun, Jing
name: Bie, Xiao Min
name: Wang, Ning
name: Zhang, Xian Sheng
name: Gao, Xin-Qi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9 Heat map showing the expression of TaYTH genes in response to biotic stress.
New Development Trend of Edible Fungus Industry in China
Creators: name: Lu, Min
name: Li, Yu
name: Lu, Min
name: Li, Yu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Edible fungus
subject: Industrial development
subject: New trend

description: We elaborate support system of edible fungus industry from outlook on ecological economic development, legislation and standardization of variety approval, multiple-function innovation platform of industrial development research, and perfect talent cultivation and education system. Besides, we analyze the development trend of edible fungus industry from competitive advantages, position and role in national food security, industrial development trend driven by internal demand. diversified industrial development model. division of labor within the industry. and expansion of industrial chain. Then, from the point of zoning and planning of edible fungus industry, we put forward suggestions that it should start from modern industrial system and take the industrial cluster development and optimization as guidance. In addition, we present technical innovation direction of industrial development. It is proposed to strengthen propaganda, build industrial cultural atmosphere, and expand social cognition degree of edible fungus industry to promote its redevelopment. Finally, it is expected to promote international influence of edible fungus industry through experts appealing for policy support.
The Function and Value of Water Conservation of Forest Ecosystem in Gongbo Nature Reserve of Tibet
Creators: name: Tang, Jia
name: Fang, Jiang-Ping
name: Li, Ping
name: Guo, Jian-Bin
name: Lu, Jie
name: Yuan, Qing-Juan
name: Tang, Jia
name: Fang, Jiang-Ping
name: Li, Ping
name: Guo, Jian-Bin
name: Lu, Jie
name: Yuan, Qing-Juan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Water conservation
subject: Value estimate
subject: Gongbo Nature Reserve

description: Gongbo Nature Reserve, located in Nyingchi of Tibet, is by far the largest construction project of forest reserves that China approves and invests in. This article adopts the shadow project method, and estimates the water conservation function of forest ecosystem of Gongbo Nature Reserve based on the Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China promulgated by State Forestry Administration of China. The results show that the total value of water conservation of forest ecosystem in Gongbo Nature Reserve is 8.485 billion yuan, while the function of water conservation is a small fraction of ecological service function, indicating that there is great ecological value in service function of forest ecosystem in Gongbo Nature Reserve, that is, Gongbo Nature Reserve has vital ecological value.
Limits on the Optical Brightness of the Epsilon Eridani Dust Ring
Creators: name: Proffitt, Charles
name: Sahu, Kailash
name: Livio, Mario
name: Krist, John
name: Calzetti, Daniela
name: Gilliland, Ron
name: Grady, Carol
name: Lindler, Don
name: Woodgate, Bruce
name: Heap, Sara
name: Clampin, Mark
name: Gull, Theodore R.
name: Lisse, Casey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The STIS/CCD camera on the {\em Hubble Space Telescope (HST)} was used to take deep optical images near the K2V main-sequence star $ε$ Eridani in an attempt to find an optical counterpart of the dust ring previously imaged by sub-mm observations. Upper limits for the optical brightness of the dust ring are determined and discussed in the context of the scattered starlight expected from plausible dust models. We find that, even if the dust is smoothly distributed in symmetrical rings, the optical surface brightness of the dust, as measured with the {\em HST}/STIS CCD clear aperture at 55 AU from the star, cannot be brighter than about 25 STMAG/"$^2$. This upper limit excludes some solid grain models for the dust ring that can fit the IR and sub-mm data. Magnitudes and positions for $\approx $59 discrete objects between 12.5" to 58" from $ε$ Eri are reported. Most if not all of these objects are likely to be background stars and galaxies.
description: Revision corrects author list
Counterfactual Explanations as Plans
Creators: name: Belle, Vaishak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There has been considerable recent interest in explainability in AI, especially with black-box machine learning models. As correctly observed by the planning community, when the application at hand is not a single-shot decision or prediction, but a sequence of actions that depend on observations, a richer notion of explanations are desirable.
 In this paper, we look to provide a formal account of ``counterfactual explanations," based in terms of action sequences. We then show that this naturally leads to an account of model reconciliation, which might take the form of the user correcting the agent's model, or suggesting actions to the agent's plan. For this, we will need to articulate what is true versus what is known, and we appeal to a modal fragment of the situation calculus to formalise these intuitions. We consider various settings: the agent knowing partial truths, weakened truths and having false beliefs, and show that our definitions easily generalize to these different settings.
description: In Proceedings ICLP 2024, arXiv:2502.08453
Cost-effectiveness of pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral regimens for treatment of chronic Hepatitis C in the United States
Creators: name: Gordon, Stuart
name: Lee, Janet
name: Smith, Nathaniel
name: Dieterich, Douglas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Given the goal of hepatitis C virus elimination by 2030, World Health Organization guidelines recommend treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals, such as sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL), SOF/VEL/voxilaprevir (VOX) or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB). The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pan-genotypic regimens in initial (SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB) and re-treatment (SOF/VEL/VOX or GLE/PIB+SOF+ribavirin (RBV)) of CHC. A Markov state-transition model projected lifetime CHC health and economic outcomes from the US payer perspective. Model inputs were sourced from clinical trials or published literature and validated by hepatologists. Model outcomes included numbers of advanced liver disease events, life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, and total lifetime costs. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed on model results. SOF/VEL followed by SOF/VEL/VOX resulted in comparable cure rates to the GLE/PIB treatment pathway (99.94% vs. 99.93%, respectively). SOF-based regimens provided similar QALYs at a lower lifetime cost versus a GLE/PIB treatment pathway ($30,749 vs. $36,255), resulting in cost savings of $5,506 per patient. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses. SOF/VEL followed by SOF/VEL/VOX leads to comparable cure rates in the overall CHC population relative to the GLE/PIB treatment pathway. Based on wholesale acquisition prices, the SOF/VEL treatment pathway led to lower lifetime costs.
Gauge dependence of the gauge boson projector
Creators: name: Gallagher, E. M. Priidik
name: Groote, Stefan
name: Naeem, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagator of a gauge boson, like the massless photon or the massive vector bosons $W^\pm$ and $Z$ of the electroweak theory, can be derived in two different ways, namely via Green's functions (semi-classical approach) or via the vacuum expectation value of the time-ordered product of the field operators (field theoretical approach). Comparing the semi-classical with the field theoretical approach, the central tensorial object can be defined as the gauge boson projector, directly related to the completeness relation for the complete set of polarisation four-vectors. In this paper we explain the relation for this projector to different cases of the $R_ξ$ gauge and explain why the unitary gauge is the default gauge for massive gauge bosons.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures, published version
Budget impact analysis of betrixaban for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in nonsurgical patients with acute medical illness in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Guy, Holly
name: Laskier, Vicki
name: Fisher, Mark
name: Bucior, Iwona
name: Deitelzweig, Steven
name: Cohen, Alexander T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) incurs substantial costs to the UK National Health Service (NHS). Betrixaban is approved in the US for VTE prophylaxis with a recommended 35–42 days of treatment. This analysis modeled the budget impact of introducing betrixaban for extended-duration VTE prophylaxis in nonsurgical patients with acute medical illness at risk of VTE in the UK, where it is not yet licensed. The 5-year budget impact of introducing betrixaban into current prophylaxis (low molecular weight heparin and fondaparinux) was estimated for the UK NHS. The Phase 3 APEX study provided primary event (VTE, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and death; all-cause or VTE-related) and treatment complications data. Literature informed risk of recurrent events and long-term complications, population, market share, and costs for treatment and management of events. Network meta-analyses informed symptomatic DVT, pulmonary embolism and VTE-related death rates in fondaparinux patients. Deterministic sensitivity analyses explored uncertainty. Introducing betrixaban accrued savings of £1,290,000-£23,000,000 in years 1–5. Savings were from reduced primary VTE events, which reduced recurrent events and future complications. All sensitivity analyses showed savings. Introducing extended-duration VTE prophylaxis with betrixaban in the UK would accrue substantial savings annually over the next 5 years compared to current prophylaxis. Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT01583218.
Possible Anisotropic Order Parameter in Pyrochlore Superconductor KOs$_2$O$_6$ Probed by Muon Spin Rotation
Creators: name: Koda, A.
name: Higemoto, W.
name: Ohishi, K.
name: Saha, S. R.
name: Kadono, R.
name: Yonezawa, S.
name: Muraoka, Y.
name: Hiroi, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic penetration depth ($λ$) in a pyrochlore superconductor KOs$_2$O$_6$ was studied by means of muon spin rotation (\msr). The temperature dependence of transverse spin relaxation rate, which is proportional to $λ^{-2}$, exhibits a considerable deviation from that expected for the empirical two-fluid model ($\propto T^4$), rather obeying a $T^2$-tendency. Furthermore, $λ$ apparently increases with increasing applied field, suggesting the presence of nonlinear and nonlocal effects. These findings strongly suggest that the superconducting order parameter in KOs$_2$O$_6$ is anisotropic.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to J. Phys.: Cond. Matt
Efficient OWL2QL Meta-reasoning Using ASP-based Hybrid Knowledge Bases
Creators: name: Qureshi, Haya Majid
name: Faber, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Metamodeling refers to scenarios in ontologies in which classes and roles can be members of classes or occur in roles. This is a desirable modelling feature in several applications, but allowing it without restrictions is problematic for several reasons, mainly because it causes undecidability. Therefore, practical languages either forbid metamodeling explicitly or treat occurrences of classes as instances to be semantically different from other occurrences, thereby not allowing metamodeling semantically. Several extensions have been proposed to provide metamodeling to some extent. Building on earlier work that reduces metamodeling query answering to Datalog query answering, recently reductions to query answering over hybrid knowledge bases were proposed with the aim of using the Datalog transformation only where necessary. Preliminary work showed that the approach works, but the hoped-for performance improvements were not observed yet. In this work we expand on this body of work by improving the theoretical basis of the reductions and by using alternative tools that show competitive performance.
description: In Proceedings ICLP 2024, arXiv:2502.08453
On the competing effect of wind braking and interior coupling in the rotational evolution of solar-like stars
Creators: name: Spada, F.
name: Lanzafame, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar-like stars (M < 1.3 Msun) lose angular momentum through their magnetized winds. The resulting evolution of the surface rotation period, which can be directly measured photometrically, has the potential to provide an accurate indicator of stellar age, and is constrained by observations of rotation periods of coeval stars, such as members of Galactic open clusters. A prominent observational feature of the mass-rotation period diagrams of open clusters is a sequence of relatively slower rotators. The formation and persistence of this slow rotators sequence across several billion years imply an approximately coherent spin-down of the stars that belong to it. In particular, the sequence is observed to evolve coherently towards longer periods in progressively older clusters. Recent observations of the 700-Myr old Praesepe and the 1-Gyr old NGC 6811 clusters, however, seem to contradict this general pattern. While the 1 Msun stars on the slow rotators sequence of the older NGC 6811 have longer periods than their counterparts in the younger Praesepe, as expected, the two sequences essentially merge at lower masses (< 0.8 Msun). In other words, low-mass stars seem to have not been spinning down at all in the intervening 300 Myr. Here we show that this behavior is a manifestation of the variable rotational coupling in solar-like stars. The resurfacing of angular momentum from the interior can temporarily compensate for the loss due to wind braking at the surface. The internal redistribution of angular momentum has a steep mass dependence; as a result, the re-coupling occurs at different ages for stars of different masses. Our model explains the stalled surface spin-down of low-mass stars between Praesepe and NGC 6811, and predicts that the same behavior should be observable at other ages in other mass ranges.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Modeling and Physics of Multiferroic Perovskite Manganites
Creators: name: Mochizuki, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new type of multiferroicity was experimentally discovered in 2003 in a perovskite manganite TbMnO$_3$ where its ferroelectricity is induced by cycloidally ordered Mn spins. Susequently, such spin-cycloid multiferroic phase was also discovered in $R$MnO$_3$ with other rare-earth ions $R$=Dy, Eu$_{1-x}$Y$_x$, Tb$_{1-x}$Gd$_x$, etc. In this class of materials, the magnetism and ferroelectricity are inseparably coupled, and resulting strong magnetoelectric coupling enables us to control/manipulate the electricity (magnetism) by magnetic (electric) fields. Moreover, many interesting magnetoelectric phenomena due to their cross correlation have been discovered. In this article, we discuss a microscopic theoretical model for $R$MnO$_3$ constructed by taking into account their precise electronic and lattice structures and overview the theoretical works based on this model which elucidated rich magnetoelectric phenomena of $R$MnO$_3$. The perovskite manganites are not only the first-discovered spin-spiral multiferroic materials but also a typical class of materials that exhibits most of the magnetoelectric phenomena manifested in many other multiferroics. Therefore, the comprehensive understanding of $R$MnO$_3$ directly leads to the clarification of universal physics of magnetoelectric phenomena in multiferroic materials.
description: 16 pages, 19 figures, published in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan as Special Topics for 70 Years of Tanabe-Sugano Diagrams
On a generalization of the Jensen-Shannon divergence
Creators: name: Nielsen, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Jensen-Shannon divergence is a renown bounded symmetrization of the Kullback-Leibler divergence which does not require probability densities to have matching supports. In this paper, we introduce a vector-skew generalization of the scalar $α$-Jensen-Bregman divergences and derive thereof the vector-skew $α$-Jensen-Shannon divergences. We study the properties of these novel divergences and show how to build parametric families of symmetric Jensen-Shannon-type divergences. Finally, we report an iterative algorithm to numerically compute the Jensen-Shannon-type centroids for a set of probability densities belonging to a mixture family: This includes the case of the Jensen-Shannon centroid of a set of categorical distributions or normalized histograms.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
Autonomous Task Completion Based on Goal-directed Answer Set Programming
Creators: name: Tudor, Alexis R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Task planning for autonomous agents has typically been done using deep learning models and simulation-based reinforcement learning. This research proposes combining inductive learning techniques with goal-directed answer set programming to increase the explainability and reliability of systems for task breakdown and completion. Preliminary research has led to the creation of a Python harness that utilizes s(CASP) to solve task problems in a computationally efficient way. Although this research is in the early stages, we are exploring solutions to complex problems in simulated task completion.
description: In Proceedings ICLP 2024, arXiv:2502.08453
Exploration and Practice of Personnel Cultivation for Agricultural Mechanization and Automation Specialities
Creators: name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Yu, Lu-Lu
name: Yu, Jian-Qun
name: Sun, Yu-Jing
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Yu, Lu-Lu
name: Yu, Jian-Qun
name: Sun, Yu-Jing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural mechanization and automation
subject: Personnel cultivation
subject: Characteristic specialities

description: Firstly, based on significance of developing agricultural mechanization and automation and current situations of agricultural mechanization and automation specialities in colleges and universities, we put forward objectives of personnel cultivation for agricultural mechanization and automation specialities. Then, we analyze the exploration and practice of personnel cultivation for agricultural mechanization and automation specialities from four aspects, including course system setting, teaching materials construction, laboratory construction, and construction of practical teaching link. Finally, it is expected to provide references for running schools and cultivating excellent professional personnel.
Competing orders in thermally fluctuating superconductors in two dimensions
Creators: name: Sachdev, Subir
name: Demler, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend recent low temperature analyses of competing orders in the cuprate superconductors to the pseudogap regime where all orders are fluctuating. A universal continuum limit of a classical Ginzburg-Landau functional is used to characterize fluctuations of the superconducting order: this describes the crossover from Gaussian fluctuations at high temperatures to the vortex-binding physics near the onset of global phase coherence. These fluctuations induce affiliated corrections in the correlations of other orders, and in particular, in the different realizations of charge order. Implications for scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and neutron scattering experiments are noted: there may be a regime of temperatures near the onset of superconductivity where the charge order is enhanced with increasing temperatures.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures; (v2) typos corrected; (v3) changed title and added a few clarifications
MOESM1 of Implementing complaint-directed mini-interventions for depressive complaints in primary care to increase participation among patients with a lower socioeconomic status: design of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Leone, Stephanie
name: Lokman, Suzanne
name: Boon, Brigitte
name: Poel, Agnes
name: Smit, Filip
name: Zijlstra-Vlasveld, Moniek
name: Smeets, Odile
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Evolution of relativistic thin discs with a finite ISCO stress: II. Late time behaviour
Creators: name: Mummery, Andrew
name: Balbus, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present solutions to the relativistic thin disc evolutionary equation using a modified description of the mean fluid flow within the disc. The model takes into account the effects of sub-circular velocities in the innermost disc regions, and resolves otherwise unsustainable behaviour present in simple finite ISCO stress disc models. We show that the behaviour of a relativistic thin disc evolving with a finite ISCO stress is comprised of three distinct stages which join the ordinarily distinct finite and vanishing ISCO stress solutions into a fully continuous model parameterisation. The most important prediction of our model is the existence of an intermediate stage of "stalled accretion", controlled by a single dimensionless parameter. The hallmarks of this evolutionary phase appear to have been seen in GRMHD simulations as well as in the late time X-ray observations of tidal disruption events, but dedicated simulations and extended observations are needed for a deeper understanding.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Gauge Quintessence
Creators: name: Pilo, L.
name: Rayner, D. A. J.
name: Riotto, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a new model of quintessence in which the quintessence field is identified with the extra-component of a gauge field in a compactified five-dimensional theory. We show that the extremely tiny energy scale $\sim (3\times 10^{-3} eV)^4$ needed to account for the present acceleration of the Universe can be naturally explained in terms of high energy scales such as the scale of Grand Unification.
description: 3 pages
On LLM-generated Logic Programs and their Inference Execution Methods
Creators: name: Tarau, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on petabytes of data are highly compressed repositories of a significant proportion of the knowledge accumulated and distilled so far. In this paper we study techniques to elicit this knowledge in the form of several classes of logic programs, including propositional Horn clauses, Dual Horn clauses, relational triplets and Definite Clause Grammars. Exposing this knowledge as logic programs enables sound reasoning methods that can verify alignment of LLM outputs to their intended uses and extend their inference capabilities. We study new execution methods for the generated programs, including soft-unification of abducible facts against LLM-generated content stored in a vector database as well as GPU-based acceleration of minimal model computation that supports inference with large LLM-generated programs.
description: In Proceedings ICLP 2024, arXiv:2502.08453
Multi-level quantum description of decoherence in superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Burkard, Guido
name: Koch, Roger H.
name: DiVincenzo, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multi-level quantum theory of decoherence for a general circuit realization of a superconducting qubit. Using electrical network graph theory, we derive a Hamiltonian for the circuit. The dissipative circuit elements (external impedances, shunt resistors) are described using the Caldeira-Leggett model. The master equation for the superconducting phases in the Born-Markov approximation is derived and brought into the Bloch-Redfield form in order to describe multi-level dissipative quantum dynamics of the circuit. The model takes into account leakage effects, i.e. transitions from the allowed qubit states to higher excited states of the system. As a special case, we truncate the Hilbert space and derive a two-level (Bloch) theory with characteristic relaxation (T_1) and decoherence (T_2) times. We apply our theory to the class of superconducting flux qubits; however, the formalism can be applied for both superconducting flux and charge qubits.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures; v2: important simplification of results added, Appendix added, new figure, typos corrected; v3: published version
Leakage of Majorana mode into correlated quantum dot nearby its singlet-doublet crossover
Creators: name: Zienkiewicz, Tomasz
name: Barański, Jan
name: Górski, Grzegorz
name: Domański, Tadeusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quasiparticle spectrum of the correlated quantum dot deposited on superconducting substrate which is side-coupled to the Rashba nanochain, hosting Majorana end modes. Ground state of an isolated quantum dot proximitized to superconducting reservoirs is represented either by the singly occupied site or BCS-type superposition of the empty and doubly occupied configurations. Quantum phase transition between these distinct ground states is spectroscopically manifested by the in-gap Andreev states which cross each other at the Fermi level. This qualitatively affects leakage of the Majorana mode from the side-attached nanowire. We inspect the spin-selective relationship between the trivial Andreev states and the leaking Majorana mode, considering (i) perfectly polarized case, when tunneling of one spin component is completely prohibited, and (ii) another one when both spins are hybridized with the nanowire but with different couplings.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Prediction models for the risk of presenting aberrant driving behaviours and sleep-disordered breathing assessments in occupational drivers
Creators: name: Tsai, Cheng-Yu
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Occupational drivers, e.g., bus and taxi operators, play a pivotal role in maintaining transportation efficiency. However, the emphasis on operational efficiencies often overshadows health challenges these drivers face, notably driver fatigue and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Such health challenges can escalate the risk of aberrant driving behaviours (ADBs), subsequently endangering both passengers and the wider public. The absence of comprehensive health protocols for managing fatigue and SDB exacerbated this risk. Consequently, this thesis aimed to elucidate the relationship between ADB, fatigue, and SDB, exploring intervention strategies and proposing models to predict the risk of presenting ADBs. Firstly, to develop models for predicting the risk of presenting ADBs, this thesis utilised a variety of machine learning approaches, including cross-sectional methods, time-series methods, and hybrid models. The dataset for developing these models, collected from urban and highway bus drivers as well as taxi drivers, was predicated on physiological signals—specifically, heart rate variability (HRV)—and sleep disorder indices from preceding days. Furthermore, to investigate the feasibility of mitigating the risk of presenting ADBs through SDB intervention, this thesis analysed data derived from the implementation of various SDB intervention strategies over a three-month period. These strategies encompassed both conservative approaches, such as weight management, and curative treatments, like the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine. This thesis conducted comparisons to assess changes in both objective metrics, such as driving behaviour and sleep quality, and subjective metrics, including outcomes from various questionnaires. Regarding the findings, this thesis demonstrated the possibility of mitigating the risk of presenting ADBs through SDB interventions (i.e., using CPAP). Moreover, the hybrid models established, incorporating HRV metrics during driving and sleep disorder indices from the preceding day, demonstrated promise in predicting the risk of presenting ADBs among occupational drivers. In conclusion, this thesis not only contributed to the existing body of knowledge but also provided actionable insights for the development of comprehensive health and safety awareness in the field of occupational driving for reducing the risk of presenting ADBs.
MOESM5 of Expanding our view of Bartonella and its hosts: Bartonella in nest ectoparasites and their migratory avian hosts
Creators: name: Williams, Heather
name: Dittmar, Katharina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 5: Table S5. Showing prevalence of sequences identified to the Bartonella genus in 16S rRNA sequences via naÃ¯ve Bayesian taxonomic classification against the Greengenes database.
Dietary lipids fuel GPX4-restricted enteritis resembling Crohn’s disease
Creators: name: Mayr, Lisa
name: Grabherr, Felix
name: Schwärzler, Julian
name: Reitmeier, Isabelle
name: Sommer, Felix
name: Gehmacher, Thomas
name: Niederreiter, Lukas
name: He, Gui-Wei
name: Ruder, Barbara
name: Kunz, Kai T. R.
name: Tymoszuk, Piotr
name: Hilbe, Richard
name: Haschka, David
name: Feistritzer, Clemens
name: Gerner, Romana R.
name: Enrich, Barbara
name: Przysiecki, Nicole
name: Seifert, Markus
name: Keller, Markus A.
name: Oberhuber, Georg
name: Sprung, Susanne
name: Ran, Qitao
name: Koch, Robert
name: Effenberger, Maria
name: Tancevski, Ivan
name: Zoller, Heinz
name: Moschen, Alexander R.
name: Weiss, Günter
name: Becker, Christoph
name: Rosenstiel, Philip
name: Kaser, Arthur
name: Tilg, Herbert
name: Adolph, Timon E.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/250
/692/4020/1503/257
/13
/82/51
/13/106
article

description: Abstract: The increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global phenomenon that could be related to adoption of a Western life-style. Westernization of dietary habits is partly characterized by enrichment with the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA), which entails risk for developing IBD. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects against lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cell death termed ferroptosis. We report that small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in Crohn’s disease (CD) exhibit impaired GPX4 activity and signs of LPO. PUFAs and specifically AA trigger a cytokine response of IECs which is restricted by GPX4. While GPX4 does not control AA metabolism, cytokine production is governed by similar mechanisms as ferroptosis. A PUFA-enriched Western diet triggers focal granuloma-like neutrophilic enteritis in mice that lack one allele of Gpx4 in IECs. Our study identifies dietary PUFAs as a trigger of GPX4-restricted mucosal inflammation phenocopying aspects of human CD.
Optimized Neural Networks to Search for Higgs Boson Production at the Tevatron
Creators: name: Boos, E.
name: Dudko, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An optimal choice of proper kinematical variables is one of the main steps in using neural networks (NN) in high energy physics. Our method of the variable selection is based on the analysis of a structure of Feynman diagrams (singularities and spin correlations) contributing to the signal and background processes. An application of this method to the Higgs boson search at the Tevatron leads to an improvement in the NN efficiency by a factor of 1.5-2 in comparison to previous NN studies.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, partially presented in proceedings of ACAT'02 conference
A note about the quantum of area in a non-commutative space
Creators: name: Romero, Juan M.
name: Santiago, J. A.
name: Vergara, J. David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we show that in a two-dimensional non-commutative space the area operator is quantized, this outcome is compared with the result obtained by Loop Quantum Gravity methods.
description: 6 pages, references added, minor corrections
Packing and covering balls in graphs excluding a minor
Creators: name: Bousquet, Nicolas
name: van Batenburg, Wouter Cames
name: Esperet, Louis
name: Joret, Gwenaël
name: Lochet, William
name: Muller, Carole
name: Pirot, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We prove that for every integer $t\ge 1$ there exists a constant $c_t$ such that for every $K_t$-minor-free graph $G$, and every set $S$ of balls in $G$, the minimum size of a set of vertices of $G$ intersecting all the balls of $S$ is at most $c_t$ times the maximum number of vertex-disjoint balls in $S$. This was conjectured by Chepoi, Estellon, and Vaxès in 2007 in the special case of planar graphs and of balls having the same radius.
description: v3: final version
Visual Graph Question Answering with ASP and LLMs for Language Parsing
Creators: name: Bauer, Jakob Johannes
name: Eiter, Thomas
name: Ruiz, Nelson Higuera
name: Oetsch, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.6; I.2.10

description: Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenging problem that requires to process multimodal input. Answer-Set Programming (ASP) has shown great potential in this regard to add interpretability and explainability to modular VQA architectures. In this work, we address the problem of how to integrate ASP with modules for vision and natural language processing to solve a new and demanding VQA variant that is concerned with images of graphs (not graphs in symbolic form). Images containing graph-based structures are an ubiquitous and popular form of visualisation. Here, we deal with the particular problem of graphs inspired by transit networks, and we introduce a novel dataset that amends an existing one by adding images of graphs that resemble metro lines. Our modular neuro-symbolic approach combines optical graph recognition for graph parsing, a pretrained optical character recognition neural network for parsing labels, Large Language Models (LLMs) for language processing, and ASP for reasoning. This method serves as a first baseline and achieves an overall average accuracy of 73% on the dataset. Our evaluation provides further evidence of the potential of modular neuro-symbolic systems, in particular with pretrained models that do not involve any further training and logic programming for reasoning, to solve complex VQA tasks.
description: In Proceedings ICLP 2024, arXiv:2502.08453. This work was partially funded from the Bosch Center for AI
Designing and Testing of a Health-Economic Markov Model for Prevention and Treatment of Early Psychosis
Creators: name: Wijnen, Ben F.M.
name: Thielen, Frederick W.
name: Konings, Steef
name: Feenstra, Talitha
name: Van Der Gaag, Mark
name: Veling, Wim
name: De Haan, Lieuwe
name: Ising, Helga
name: Hiligsmann, Mickaël
name: Evers, Silvia M.A.A.
name: Smit, Filip
name: Joran Lokkerbol
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: This study aims to report on the design of a model to determine the cost-effectiveness of prevention and treatment of early psychosis (PsyMod) and to estimate ten-year cost-effectiveness and budget impact of interventions targeting individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis or with first episode psychosis (FEP). PsyMod was built in parallel with the development of a new standard of care for treatment of early psychosis in the Netherlands. PsyMod is a state-transition cohort simulation model and considers six health states, namely ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR), FEP, post-FEP, no-UHR, recovery/remission, and death. Results are expressed as total healthcare costs, QALYs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and budget impact. PsyMod was used to extrapolate budget impact and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for preventing FEP for individuals at UHR of psychosis (CBTuhr) compared to care as usual. CBTuhr resulted in a per-patient increase of 0.06 QALYs and a per patient cost reduction of €654 (dominant ICER) with a reduction in 5-year healthcare costs of €1,002,166. PsyMod can be used to examine cost-effectiveness and budget impact of interventions targeting prevention and treatment of FEP and is freely available for academic purposes upon request by the authors.
Soft effective interactions between weakly charged polyelectrolyte chains
Creators: name: Konieczny, Martin
name: Likos, Christos N.
name: Löwen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations and analytical considerations in order to study the conformations and the effective interactions between weakly charged, flexible polyelectrolyte chains in salt-free conditions. We focus on charging fractions lying below 20%, for which case there is no Manning condensation of counterions and the latter can be thus partitioned in two states: those that are trapped within the region of the flexible chain and the ones that are free in the solution. We examine the partition of counterions in these two states, the chain sizes and the monomer distributions for various chain lengths, finding that the monomer density follows a Gaussian shape. We calculate the effective interaction between the centers of mass of two interacting chains, under the assumption that the chains can be modeled as two overlapping Gaussian charge profiles. The analytical calculations are compared with measurements from Molecular Dynamics simulations. Good quantitative agreement is found for charging fractions below 10%, where the chains assume coil-like configurations, whereas deviations develop for charge fraction of 20%, in which case a conformational transition of the chain towards a rodlike configuration starts to take place.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Revised version of the manuscript. Selected for publication in the V\irtual Journal of Biological Physics Research, issue of 1 september, 2004
MOESM2 of Age-specific incidence of allergic and non-allergic asthma
Creators: name: Pakkasela, Johanna
name: Pinja Ilmarinen
name: Honkamäki, Jasmin
name: Tuomisto, Leena
name: Andersén, Heidi
name: Piirilä, Päivi
name: Hisinger-Mölkänen, Hanna
name: Sovijärvi, Anssi
name: Backman, Helena
name: Lundbäck, Bo
name: Rönmark, Eva
name: Kankaanranta, Hannu
name: Lehtimäki, Lauri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Incidence of new asthma diagnoses/1000 person-years divided into allergic (subjects with either allergic rhinitis or allergic conjunctivitis or both) and non-allergic (subjects without allergic rhinitis or allergic conjunctivitis) cases in different age groups.
Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Jenkins, Timothy P.
name: Pritchard, David I.
name: Tanasescu, Radu
name: Telford, Gary
name: Papaiakovou, Marina
name: Scotti, Riccardo
name: Cortés, Alba
name: Constantinescu, Cris S.
name: Cantacessi, Cinzia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Relapsing multiple sclerosis
Hookworm
Helminth therapy
Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing
Bacterial richness
Bacterial diversity
Relapse
Parabacteroides

description: Funder: MS Society
description: Funder: Isaac Newton Trust; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004815
description: Abstract: Background: Helminth-associated changes in gut microbiota composition have been hypothesised to contribute to the immune-suppressive properties of parasitic worms. Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system whose pathophysiology has been linked to imbalances in gut microbial communities. Results: In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, qualitative and quantitative changes in the faecal bacterial composition of human volunteers with remitting multiple sclerosis (RMS) prior to and following experimental infection with the human hookworm, Necator americanus (N+), and following anthelmintic treatment, and compared the findings with data obtained from a cohort of RMS patients subjected to placebo treatment (PBO). Bacterial 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing data revealed significantly decreased alpha diversity in the faecal microbiota of PBO compared to N+ subjects over the course of the trial; additionally, we observed significant differences in the abundances of several bacterial taxa with putative immune-modulatory functions between study cohorts. Parabacteroides were significantly expanded in the faecal microbiota of N+ individuals for which no clinical and/or radiological relapses were recorded at the end of the trial. Conclusions: Overall, our data lend support to the hypothesis of a contributory role of parasite-associated alterations in gut microbial composition to the immune-modulatory properties of hookworm parasites.