cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pathways towards single-polariton nonlinearity : from ground state exciton-polariton condensates in GaAs to Rydberg exciton-polaritons in Cu₂O
Creators: name: Orfanakis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nonlinearity
Exciton
Polariton
Condensate
Rydberg
Cu₂O
GaAs

description: This work explores several routes towards achieving single-polariton nonlinearity. Exciton-polaritons are part-light part-matter quasiparticles arising from the strong coupling of excitons and cavity photons in micron-sized optical cavities. Owing to their excitonic component, polaritons can be described as "dressed photons" with nonlinear interactions several orders of magnitude larger than in typical optical materials. However, interactions between microcavity polaritons have remained weak, with the single-polariton nonlinearity being much smaller than the cavity linewidth. In this thesis, two approaches are studied as a way of circumventing this limitation and entering the nonlinear regime. The first approach involves narrowing the emission linewidth of a polariton condensate through optical confinement so that the linewidth approaches the interaction constant. The second approach involves exploiting the giant nonlinearities of Rydberg excitons in cuprous oxide, first in nanoparticles to study the effect of quantum confinement and then inside a microcavity to create highly nonlinear Rydberg exciton-polaritons. The main result presented in this thesis are: (1) An optically trapped polariton condensate in a state-of-the-art GaAs-based microcavity approaches but still remains away from the regime of single-polariton nonlinearity. The condensate is characterised by an ultra-narrow linewidth as evidenced by the temporal decay of its coherence. The latter also exhibits an oscillatory behaviour originating from a beating between two condensate modes. (2) Rydberg excitons states are resolved up to principal quantum number n = 6 in the absorption spectrum of clusters of cuprous oxide nanoparticles. Rydberg excitons are also resolved for single nanoparticles; however, the spectrum is dominated by effects inherent to the nanoparticle system, thus hindering the study of the nonlinearity of Rydberg excitons in this quantum-confined structure. (3) Strong coupling between cavity photons and Rydberg excitons can be achieved by embedding a thin cuprous oxide crystal as the active layer of an optical microcavity. Even though the microcavity is below the nonlinear regime for all strongly coupled Rydberg states, non-classical light can be observed by reducing the mode volume and suppressing the phonon-background of cuprous oxide in future microcavities. This thesis is a major step towards realising single-polariton nonlinearity for future quantum applications. The results presented in this work highlight the limitations of traditional GaAs-based semiconductor microcavities while establishing Rydberg polaritons with their huge nonlinearities as a promising route for achieving a scalable, strongly correlated photonic platform.
Scombridae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Scombridae

description: Scombridae
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832) —Wahoo
No specimen in MMF but record confirmed by numerous animals captured by sport fishing boats. * Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) —Bullet tuna
* Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) —Skipjack tuna * Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) —Atlantic bonito
* Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 —Striped mackerel Recorded from Madeira by Collette in Whitehead et al. (1986: 991) under the name Scomber japonicus (non Houttuyn, 1782). * Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 Atlantic mackerel * Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788) —Albacore Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) —Yellowfin tuna * Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839) —Bigeye tuna
* Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) —Northern bluefin tuna
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Crematogaster montezumia F. Smith
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster montezumia

description: montezumia F. Smith 1858.
Canindeyú (ALWC, JTLC).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 32
Crematogaster nigropilosa Mayr
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster nigropilosa

description: nigropilosa Mayr 1870a.
Alto Paraná, Canindeyú, San Pedro (ALWC, IFML, INBP, JTLC, LACM).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 32
Crematogaster nitidiceps Emery
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster nitidiceps

description: nitidiceps Emery 1895a.
Caaguazú, Canindeyú, Guairá, San Pedro (ALWC, BMNH, IFML, JTLC, LACM). Literature records: Cordillera (Forel 1911b [as “ pergens ” (unavailable name, examined)]). NEW STATUS.
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 32
Subepona leahae Squires and Groves 2023, N. SP.
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Subepona
Subepona leahae

description: SUBEPONA LEAHAE SQUIRES AND GROVES N. SP.
FIGS. 4O–Q
Cypraea species indeterminate. Squires, 1988. p. 12, fig. 23. Groves and Squires, 2021. p. 227.
Eocypraea (Eocypraea) castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]). Squires, 2000. p. 896.
Zoobank ID — LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: 363755AA-DB51-40D7-B996-A9EBA6EBBD85
Holotype and Type Locality— LACMIP 40374.79, LACMIP Type 14936 (Figs. 4O–Q), length 29.5 mm, width 13.9 mm, height 15.1 mm. LACMIP Locality 7242 [= LACMIP 40374; ex CSUN Locality 374], Llajas Formtion, “Stewart bed,” Las Llajas Canyon, north side of Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California.
Paratype — LACMIP 16178.1, LACMIP Type 7704, length 23.2 mm, width 17.1 mm, height 13.8 mm, LACMIP Locality 16178 [= LACMIP Locality 40984; ex CSUN Locality 984) Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California. This specimen was formerly hypotype LACMIP 7704 (of Squires, 1988: p. 12, fig. 23), of Eocypraea castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]).
Occurrence —“ Domengine Stage”: Juncal Formation?, Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, southern California; Llajas Formation, Las Llajas Canyon (“Stewart bed,” ex CSUN Locality 374), Ventura County, California.
Etymology— Named for Leah Rose Regan, granddaughter of R.L. Squires (who collected the type material).
Description— Shell medium size, moderately inflated, aperture fairly straight except for moderate bend posteriorly, fossula smooth, teeth numerous and small on entire lengths of both lips, with those on the outer lip becoming slightly coarser near anterior end of shell. Posterior end of shell with outer lip projecting out over the inner lip. Anterior end with an elongate, linear projection on each lip.
Remarks— The two known specimens of Subepona leahae have good preservation. The holotype is from the “Stewart bed” of the Llajas Formation, and the paratype is from the Juncal Formation?, Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, southern California.
Squires (1988: p. 12, fig. 23) reported a specimen (hypotype LACMIP 7704) of “ Cypraea species indeterminate” [now identified as Subepona leahae] from LACMIP Locality 40984 [ex CSUN Locality 984] in the Juncal Formation? in Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, southern California. This locality is in the upper 100 m of the Juncal Formation, based on work by Squires (2000: p. 896), who identified this same specimen as Eocypraea (Eocypraea) castacensis and revised its age to the younger “Domengine Stage,” instead of the previously reported (Squires 1988) “Capay Stage.”
Subepona leahae differs from S.goedertorum by having much finer denticulation.
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on page 12, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
De novo genome assembly of Plasmodium knowlesi from contemporary clinical isolates - a novel scalable resource to take forward malaria research
Creators: name: Oresegun, Damilola Rasheed
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasmodium knowlesi
subject: Nanopore
subject: Long read sequencing
subject: Clinical sample
subject: Genome sequencing
subject: SICAvar
subject: KIR
subject: Multigene family
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Genomics

description: Plasmodium knowlesi is a zoonotic malaria parasite of Southeastern macaque monkeys that causes zoonotic malaria in humans. P. knowlesi is also an experimental model for malaria, and information on P. knowlesi largely stem from experimental lines first isolated >four decades ago, rather than contemporary isolates causing human infections. The experimental lines are laboratory-restricted and have become relatively genetically stagnant and free from the selection pressure that would naturally occur in nature. Within the P. knowlesi genome exist the Schizont Infected Cell Agglutination variant antigen (SICAvar) and Plasmodium knowlesi interspersed repeat (kir) multigene families significant, which are of biological and scientific interest. To provide context using contemporary clinical isolates, this project aimed to generate high-quality genome sequences using long-sequencing from clinical ‘wild-type’ samples from infected patients. This includes generating new information on variant multigene families in P. knowlesi genomes generated from clinical patient whole blood. The work presented here details a method to deplete leucocytes in thawed P. knowlesi-infected patient whole blood samples to generate parasite-enriched DNA for whole-genome sequencing, resulting in >95% human DNA reduction. The extracted DNA was sequenced with long-read sequencing technology to create de novo whole-genome assemblies. From these, two isolate genomes representing the two dimorphic clusters of P. knowlesi in clinical samples were analysed. The generated genomes are highly syntenic to the published reference genome, sharing >4500 orthologous clusters with the PKNH reference genome. However, the number of SICAvar and kir genes present in the dataset deviated from the published reference genomes of P. knowlesi. The successful generation and construction of these patient genomes aid further interrogation of the contemporary P. knowlesi genome, with a focus on the constituent genes present in comparison to the experimental line.
Crematogaster quadriformis Roger
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster quadriformis

description: quadriformis Roger 1863a.
Boquerón, Caaguazú, Canindeyú, Central, Concepción, Guairá, Itapúa, Misiones, Ñeembucú, Pte. Hayes, San Pedro (ALWC, INBP, JTLC, LACM, NHMB). Literature records: Central, Cordillera, “Paraguay” (s. loc.) (Forel 1911b [as “ gracilior ”], Kempf 1972).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 32
Centrolophidae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Centrolophidae

description: Centrolophidae
* Schedophilus medusophagus (Cocco, 1829) —Cornish blackfish * Schedophilus ovalis (Cuvier, 1833) —Imperial blackfish
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Bernaya SENSU STRICTO JOUSSEAUME 1884
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Bernaya

description: BERNAYA SENSU STRICTO JOUSSEAUME, 1884
Type Species — Cypraea media Deshayes, 1835, by original designation (of Jousseaume, 1884: p. 88), upper middle Eocene (Bartonian Stage), northwest of Paris, France.
Diagnosis— Shell medium to large in size. Oval, sides inflated, rounded. Dorsum smooth. Spire of small to medium height and partially covered by successive whorls. Aperture wide. Anterior and posterior canals deep. Anterior end smooth, concave, and broad (Jousseaume 1884: p. 88).
Geologic Range— Paleocene (herein) to Oligocene (Lorenz, 2017).
Remarks— In the NEP region, a four-species lineage of Bernaya occurred and ranges from late Paleocene (Thanetian Stage) to the late early to early middle Eocene “Domengine Stage.”
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on page 12, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
Crematogaster rochai Forel
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster rochai

description: rochai Forel 1903.
Alto Paraguay, Canindeyú, Central, Concepción, Pte. Hayes (ALWC, IFML, INBP, JTLC, LACM, NHMB). Literature records: “Paraguay” (s. loc.) (Kempf 1972 [as “ malevolens ”]).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 32
Bernaya grovesi Squires and Demetrion 1992
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Bernaya
Bernaya grovesi

description: BERNAYA GROVESI SQUIRES AND DEMETRION, 1992
Figs. 5A–C
Bernaya (Protocypraea) grovesi Squires and Demetrion, 1992. p. 31, figs. 74-76. Groves, 1993. p. 11. Groves, 1994b. p. 12. Groves, 1997. p. 7 [as B. (Protocypraea) grovesi].
Protocypraea grovesi (Squires and Demetrion). Lorenz, 2017. p. 205.
Holotype and Type Locality— IGM 5172 (Figs. 5A–C), length 17 mm, width 12 mm, height 7.8 mm. LACMIP Locality 41220b [ex CSUN Locality 1220b], Bateque Formation, near Laguna San Ignacio, Baja California Sur, México.
Paratype — IGM 5173, length 16 mm, width 10.5 mm, height 8 mm; same locality as the holotype.
Referred Specimen— A single, slightly crushed specimen (LACMIP 41653.6, LACMIP Type 14937) measuring length 14.3 mm, width 9.2 mm, height 5.8 mm from LACMIP Locality 16655 [= LACMIP Locality 41653; ex CSUN Locality 1563], Crescent Formation, lower Eocene (“Capay” Stage), Larch Mountain area, Black Hills, Thurston County, southwestern Washington that strongly resembles B. grovesi is here noted.
Occurrence— Lower to middle Eocene (“Capay Stage”), Baja California Sur, México.
Etymology— Originally named for Lindsey T. Groves (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Malacology Department).
Description— Shell small (17 mm length), oval, highest at mid-point of dorsum. Base flattened with prominent concavity near anterior end. Spire covered, spire area coincident with small pit. Aperture straight, except for bending leftward in posterior region. Denticulation strong, outer lip with 16 teeth, inner lip with 12 teeth, sculpture extending halfway to shell margin, and ribs slightly stronger on inner lip. Outer lip callus prominent and with dorsal ring circumscribing entire shell (Squires and Demetrion 1992: p. 31).
Remarks— The two known specimens of Bernaya grovesi have good to excellent preservation.
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
Bothidae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Pleuronectiformes
Bothidae

description: Bothidae
Froese & Pauly (2007) erroneously recorded Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) from Madeira, alleg-
edly on the basis of Nielsen in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1296), which does not, however, include such a record. * Arnoglossus imperialis (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810)—Imperial scaldfish * Bothus podas (Delaroche, 1809) —Wide-eyed flounder
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Soleidae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Pleuronectiformes
Soleidae

description: Soleidae
Froese & Pauly (2007) erroneously recorded Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814 from Madeira, allegedly on the basis of Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1317), which does not, however, include such a record.
Dicologoglossa hexophthalma (Bennett, 1831) —Ocellated wedge sole * Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758) —Four-eyed sole Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810) —Sand sole
Recorded from Madeira by Ben-Tuvia (1990: 955, Solea lascaris). Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) —Common sole
Recorded from Madeira by Ben-Tuvia (1990: 949).
Material: BMNH 1899.1.16.32 (1).
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Methodology development of high sensitivity pulsed EPR and DNP
Creators: name: Zhao, Yujie
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2024
Subjects: Dynamic nuclear polarisation
Electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron-nuclear double resonance
Microwave
Magnetic resonance
DNP
EPR
ENDOR
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance

description: Dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) is a process that transfers electron spin polarisation to nuclei and is a technique that has been widely used to improve nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensitivity. This thesis presents the implementation of a DNP extension to a home-built high power pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer, HiPER, integrated with an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), operating at 94 GHz. It describes the use of high-peak power inverting chirped pulses to increase the polarisation gradient of dipolar-coupled electrons, where static cross-effect DNP enhancements of 340 are achieved within 3 seconds at 65 K with a mixture of 4-amino TEMPO and DNP juice. Several other nitroxide radical polarising agents are also investigated and systematic study into the DNP temperature dependence for different polarising agents reveals the impact of spectral diffusion and the molecular structure of polarising agents. In addition, for the first time at 94 GHz, a comparative study is made of different coherent pulsed solid-effect DNP schemes including XiX, TPPM, and the adiabatic solid-effect. An ENDOR upgrade to the DNP/EPR spectrometer is also described, and preliminary room-temperature ¹H ENDOR and low-temperature ¹⁹F ENDOR experiments presented, where a combined approach involving shaped pulse excitation and data processing at an intermediate frequency in down-conversion for DC suppression yields a threefold enhancement in SNR. Finally, a brief summary to ongoing projects on magnet shimming, transition metal DNP and DNP characterisation for lithium dendrites is provided.
Crematogaster scelerata Santschi
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster scelerata

description: scelerata Santschi 1917.
Cordillera (ALWC, JTLC, LACM).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 32
Cynoglossidae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Pleuronectiformes
Cynoglossidae

description: Cynoglossidae
* Symphurus insularis Munroe, Brito & Hernández, 2000
Recorded from Madeira by Munroe, Brito & Hernández (2000: 492-498); previously recorded by Munroe (1990: 488-491) under the name Symphurus reticulatus (part: non Munroe, 1990). Material: SMNS 12336 (4 paratypes, Caniço do Baixo) and by Wirtz (1994: 132) with a photo from Madeira.
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Crematogaster sericea Forel
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster sericea

description: sericea Forel 1912c.
Canindeyú (ALWC, JTLC). Literature records: “Paraguay” (s. loc.) (Kempf 1972).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 32
Bernaya squiresi Groves.
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Bernaya
Bernaya squiresi

description: BERNAYA SQUIRESI GROVES. 2011
FIGS. 5G–I
Bernaya (Bernaya) n. sp. Groves, 1997. p. 7 [as B. (B.) n. sp.].
Bernaya (Bernaya) squiresi Groves, 2011. p. 46, 47, figs. 1, 2.
Bernaya squiresi Groves. Lorenz, 2017. p. 208. Lorenz, 2018. p. 666, pl. 329, fig. 8.
Holotype and Type Locality— LACMIP 22341.1, LACMIP Type 13644 (Figs. 5G–I), length 52.7 mm, width 40.0 mm, height 26.3 mm. LACMIP Locality 22341 [ex UCLA Locality 2341], Crescent Formation, southwest end of Discovery Bay, Jefferson County, southwestern Washington.
Occurrence— Middle lower Eocene (“Capay Stage”), southwest end of Discovery Bay, Jefferson County, southwestern Washington.
Etymology— Originally named for Richard L. Squires (CSUN, Geological Sciences, professor emeritus).
Description— Shell of medium to large size, constricted on anterior end; maximum height near center of shell; maximum width slightly posterior of center; aperture wide, straight; dentition medium to coarse; labral (outer) lip with 24 teeth, columellar lip with 25 teeth; anterior terminal marginal callus (Groves 2011: p. 47).
Remarks— This species is known only from its holotype, which has moderately good preservation. Postburial crushing damaged the anterior portion of the aperture and also dorso-basally distorted the holotype. Perrilliat et al. (2003: pl. 1, figs. 5, 6) figured a specimen identified as Bernaya (Bernaya) obesa (Deshayes, 1866) [hypotype IHN 5459] but is outwardly more similar to B. squiresi. Unfortunately, poor preservation prevents a positive identification. A poorly preserved outer lip fragment (LACMIP 41599.2), which could be B. squiresi, from the Crescent Formation, LACMIP Locality 41599 (ex CSUN Locality 1599), Middle Fork Satsop River, Dry Lakes quadrangle, Mason County, Washington is noted. B. squiresi represents the northernmost occurrence of the genus in Cenozoic strata and the only representative of the genus described from Washington.
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on page 15, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
Balistidae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Tetraodontiformes
Balistidae

description: Balistidae
* Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789 —Grey triggerfish
Recorded from Madeira by Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1335-1336) and Harmelin-Vivien & Quéro in Quéro et al. (1990: 1055-1056) under the name Balistes carolinensis Gmelin, 1789.
Balistes punctatus Gmelin, 1789 —Bluespotted triggerfish
Recorded from Madeira by Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1336) and Harmelin-Vivien & Quéro in Quéro et al. (1990: 1056-1057). This appears a doubtful record that needs confirmation.
* Canthidermis sufflamen (Mitchill, 1815) —Ocean triggerfish
New record for Madeira. The species appears to have been absent from Madeira until a few years ago. Since 2003 (if not earlier) it regularly appears in Funchal fish market (figure 7) and the fishermen state that it has been caught in Madeira waters. The first author has seen the species during a SCUBA dive at Caniço, south-eastern coast of Madeira. MMF 35194, 35590, 35664.
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Bernaya sp.
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Bernaya

description: BERNAYA sp.
Figs. 5J–L
Hypotype— LACMIP 7047.72, LACMIP Type 14923 (Figs. 5J–L), length 33.8 mm, width 23 mm, height 18.3 mm.
Occurrence— LACMIP Locality 7047 [ex CIT Locality 868], Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California, “Martinez Formation” strata containing Turritella infragranulata Gabb, 1864, in the Herndon Creek, Lower Lake, Lake County, northern California (Stanton 1896). Saul (1983: p. 102) confirmed Stanton’s (1896) report of this turritellid and assigned it to the Thanetian Stage.
Remarks —This gastropod is represented by a single specimen, which has moderate preservation. It is similar to the only known specimen of Bernaya squiresi Groves, 2011 from the Crescent Formation (middle lower Eocene “Capay Stage”). Both specimens have similar shell shape, a small exposed spire, numerous strong teeth on the apertural lips, and are poorly preserved in the critically important anterior end. Three additional specimens of the Lower Lake taxon (LACMIP 7047.73), all from LACMIP Locality 7047 in the Lower Lake area, are likely the same genus but their preservation is too poor for confirmation. A single specimen from the Santa Susana Formation, Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California (LACMIP 12481.1, LACMIP Type 14924) (LACMIP Locality 12481) may also be the same genus but is also too poorly preserved to make a positive identification.
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on page 16, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
Crematogaster thalia Forel
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster thalia

description: thalia Forel 1911b.
Canindeyú, Cordillera (ALWC, MHNG). Literature records: Cordillera (Forel 1911b).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 32
Monacanthidae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Tetraodontiformes
Monacanthidae

description: Monacanthidae
* Aluterus monocerus (Linnaeus, 1758) —Unicorn leatherjacket Recorded from Madeira by Freitas & Biscoito (2003). * Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) —Scrawled filefish Recorded from Madeira by Freitas & Biscoito (2003). A second animal was photographed by M.
Kaufmann in August 2006 (figure 8).
* Stephanolepis hispidus (Linné, 1766) —Planehead filefish
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Protocypraea SCHILDER 1927
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Protocypraea

description: PROTOCYPRAEA SCHILDER, 1927
Type Species— Eocypraea orbignyana Vredenburg, 1920 [non Grateloup, 1847], by original designation (of Schilder, 1927: p. 88), Late Cretaceous (Coniacian), Trichinopoly Group, Kullygoody, Tamilnadu District, India.
Diagnosis— Shell small to large in size. Moderately globular. Spire large, commonly projecting. Short and rounded posterior extremity. Anterior extremity with pointed or spatulate tips. Aperture narrow posteriorly curved, wide in the fossular section, constricted at the canal. Labrum narrow, spoon shapped, and sloping in front. Teeth usually weakly developed or absent. Fossula flat and smooth (Lorenz, 2017).
Geologic Range— Early Cretaceous (Barremian) to middle Eocene (Lutetian) (Groves, 1994).
Remarks— Schilder (1927) described Protocypraea as a subgenus of Bernaya. Vredenburg (1920) recognized similarities in illustrated specimens of Stoliczka (1867) identified as Cypraea (Luponia) newboldi Forbes, 1846 (pl. 4, figs. 2–3), C. (Aricia) ficulina Stoliczka, 1867 (pl. 4, fig. 11), and C. kayei Forbes, 1846 (pl. 4, fig. 7) and renamed them Eocypraea orbignyana [now = Protocypraea orbignyana].
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on page 16, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
Crematogaster torosa Mayr
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster torosa

description: torosa Mayr 1870a.
Literature records: Central (Forel 1907b).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 32
Tetraodontidae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Tetraodontiformes
Tetraodontidae

description: Tetraodontidae
* Canthigaster capistrata (Lowe, 1839) —Macaronesian sharpnose puffer
Recorded from Madeira by Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1342) and Shipp in Quéro et al. (1990: 1069) under the name Canthigaster rostrata (non Bloch, 1786). Taxonomic decision of Moura & Castro (2002: 39).
* Sphoeroides marmoratus (Lowe, 1838)—Guinean puffer
Recorded from Madeira by Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1345) under the name Sphoeroides spengleri (non Bloch, 1792), and by Shipp in Quéro et al. (1990: 1071) under the actual name.
* Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) —Oceanic puffer
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Crematogaster victima F. Smith
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster victima

description: victima F. Smith 1858.
Amambay, Caaguazú, Canindeyú, Central, Paraguarí (ALWC, BMNH, INBP, JTLC, LACM, MHNG). Literature records: “Paraguay” (s. loc.) (Emery 1896b).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 33
Diodontidae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Tetraodontiformes
Diodontidae

description: Diodontidae
According to Leis (2006) the name Chilomycterus atringa (Linnaeus, 1758) cannot be assigned with certainty to any species. Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1346) recorded it from Madeira. * Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) —Spotfin burrfish
Numerous specimens in the MMF and four specimens in the BMNH belong to this species.
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 —Spot-fin porcupinefish
Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986:1347) recorded this species from Madeira. However, the Diodon species at the Canary Islands (Brito et al.
2005) and at the Azores (Azevedo et al. 2004) is Diodon eydouxii Brisout de Barneville, 1846. The presence of D. hystrix at Madeira therefore appears doubtful and the identity of Madeiran Diodon needs checking.
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Protocypraea SCHILDER 1927
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Protocypraea

description: PROTOCYPRAEA? SP. 1
FIGS. 5P, 6A–C
Eocypraea sp. Williams et al., 2018: unnumbered fig.
Hypotype— CDM 997.91.3 (figs. 5P, 6A–C), length 48.1 mm, width, 31.4 mm, height 25.3 mm, height. Informal locality AP3 (J.W. Haggart, personal communication, 2022).
Occurrence— Questionably late Paleocene (Thanetian Stage), central east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Oyster Bay Formation (“Appian Way beds”), approximately 45.5°N, intertidal area on east coast of Central Island District, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
Description— Shell moderately large, smooth, turnipshape, base narrow, aperture narrow, dentition relatively small size. Shell tapers rapidly anteriorly; anterior part of shell somewhat projected. Shell with maximum width posterior to center of shell, but very inflated posterior area incomplete showing only small depressed area (only base of spire present) with sunken sulcus area. Aperture is moderately wide and fairly straight, with some bending in posterior area. Outer lip shows numerous relatively small-sized teeth anteriorly. Inner lip similar, except for the teeth being smaller and not extensive.
Remarks— Only a single specimen (possibly a juvenile) is known. It is nearly complete, except for most of the broken-off posteriormost part of the shell, thus precluding the assignment of this unnamed specimen.
This specimen, which is the northernmost occurrence of a Paleogene cypraeoidean in the NEP region, is like no other NEP Paleogene cypraeoidean, nor like any NEP Late Cretaceous specimen. A manuscript currently in preparation by J.W. Haggart et al. will further document this so-called “Appian Way fauna” [presumably of late Paleocene age and contemporaneous with the “Oyster Bay Formation”], Central Island District, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. McLachlan and Pospelova (2021) presented dinoflagellate data for an early Paleocene age of the “Oyster Bay Formation,” but that age is in contradiction to late Paleocene to middle Eocene ages variously based on plants, sporomorphs, marine mollusks, decapods, and shark teeth (see McLachlan and Pospelova 2021 for a review of this literature).
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on page 17, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
Crematogaster
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster

description: [[Crematogaster]] sp. alw-01.
Canindeyú (ALWC).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 33
Protocypraea SCHILDER 1927
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Protocypraea

description: PROTOCYPRAEA? SP. 2
FIGS. 6D–G
Cypraea n. sp. Smith, 1975. p. 469, 479, pl. 2, fig. 10 [as Cypraea sp.]. Groves and Squires, 2021. p. 227.
Referred Specimens—Hypotype (of Smith, 1975) UCMP 14208 [= UCMP 6582] (Figs. 6E–G), UCMP Locality A-9717, length 50 mm, width 30 mm, height 25 mm. Hypotype (herein), LACMIP 26456.6, LACMIP Type 14925 (Fig. 6D), measures length 42.7 mm, width 27.6 mm, height 16.8 mm, LACMIP Locality 26456 [= UCMP Locality A-917, ex UCLA Locality 6456].
Occurrence— Lodo Formation (basal part), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, California, late Paleocene (Thanetian Stage).
Remarks— Two specimens are known and their preservation is poor due to missing portions of the dorsum of both. They both outwardly resemble the hypotype of Protocypraea gualalaensis (Anderson, 1958) (SDSNH 33995) from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian/Maastrichtian) Point Loma Formation, near Carlsbad, San Diego County, southern California (SDSNH Locality 3405) as figured by Groves (1990: figs. 25, 26) and Lorenz (2017: p. 205, unnumbered figure; 2018: pl. 329, fig. 2). Generic assignment of the basal Lodo Formation specimens is provisionally based on a partially exposed spire, poorly developed dentition, and flat, smooth fossula.
Smith (1975) reported that the cypraeoideans from UCMP Locality A- 9717 in the basal Lodo Formation correlates to Mallory’s (1959) California benthic foraminiferal Ynezian Stage. Almgren et al. (1988) updated Mallory’s findings, and, with the use of calcareous nannofossils, equated the Ynezian Stage to the CP7 calcareous nannofossil biozone, of late Paleocene (Thanetian Stage) age. Saul (1983: pp. 99–102) reported the Thanetian index fossil Turritella pachecoensis Stanton, 1896 from the basal Lodo Formation.
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on pages 17-19, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
Gisortia JOUSSEAUME 1884
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Gisortia

description: GISORTIA JOUSSEAUME, 1884
Type Species— Ovula gisortiana Passy, 1859, by original designation (of Jousseaume, 1884: p. 89), Eocene, France.
Diagnosis— Shell ovoid, irregularly rounded and can be tuberculous. Lips little or not toothed (Jousseaume, 1884: pp. 88, 89).
Geologic Range— Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to late Eocene (Priabonian) (Groves 1994c).
Remarks— This genus is rare in the NEP Paleogene record.
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on page 19, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
Molidae
Creators: name: Wirtz, Peter
name: Fricke, Ronald
name: Biscoito, Manuel José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Tetraodontiformes
Molidae

description: Molidae
* Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840)
Recorded by Maul (1949) but not listed for Madeira by Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986). * Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) —Ocean sunfish * Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) —Slender sunfish
description: Published as part of Wirtz, Peter, Fricke, Ronald & Biscoito, Manuel José, 2008, The coastal fishes of Madeira Island — new records and an annotated check-list, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1715 on page 21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274128
Crematogaster
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster

description: [[Crematogaster]] sp. alw-02.
Boquerón, Paraguarí (ALWC).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 33
Crematogaster brevispinosa subsp. sericea var. semisericea Santschi
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster brevispinosa
Brevispinosa sericea var. semisericea santschi

description: [brevispinosa sericea var. semisericea Santschi 1923b, unavailable name].
Literature records: Central (Santschi 1923b).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 33
Crematogaster brevispinosa subsp. tumulifera var. tumulicula Forel
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Crematogaster
Crematogaster brevispinosa
Brevispinosa tumulifera var. tumulicula forel

description: [brevispinosa tumulifera var. tumulicula Forel 1909, unavailable name].
Cordillera (MHNG). Literature records: Cordillera (Forel 1909).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 33
Cyphomyrmex laevigatus Weber
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Cyphomyrmex
Cyphomyrmex laevigatus

description: laevigatus Weber 1938.
Canindeyú (ALWC).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 33
Gisortia SP.
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Cypraeidae
Gisortia

description: GISORTIA SP.
FIGS. 6K–M
Gisortia clarki Ingram, 1940. Squires, 1987. p. 35, figs. 39–41 [as Gisortia new species? in caption]. Not Gisortia clarki Ingram, 1940.
Referred Specimen—Hypotype (of Squires, 1987) LACMIP 16243.1, LACMIP Type 7466 (Figs. 6K–M), LAC- MIP Locality 16243 [= Locality 40848 [ex CSUN Locality 848]), Juncal Formation, Canton Canyon, Ventura County, California.
Occurrence— Juncal Formation. “Capay Stage,” Turritella uvasana infera fauna, LACMIP Localities 16156 [= LACMIP Locality 40837; ex CSUN Locality 837] and 16243 [= LACMIP Locality 40848; ex CSUN Locality 837], in an area just east of Sharps Canyon and southeastward toward Canton Canyon, Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles County, southern California.
Description— Shell large, length 122 mm, width 75 mm, height 51 mm. Shell ovate. Anterior and posterior ends flattened somewhat and projecting. Aperture narrow, curving left posteriorly but becoming less curved anteriorly. Outer lip (anterior half) with several small teeth; presence of any dentition on rest of aperture is not known.
Remarks— A large complete specimen is known,but it is poorly preserved as a partial internal mold (steinkern). In addition, a large fragment (length 90 mm) was found in same-age rocks of the Juncal Formation approximately 0.5 km to the west in Sharps Canyon of the Whitaker Peak area (Squires 1987), LACMIP 40837.1, LACMIP Locality 16156 [= LACMIP Locality 40837; ex CSUN Locality 837]. Most of the dorsal shell convexity of the complete specimen is represented by an internal mold (steinkern), and its spire is obscured by matrix. The Juncal Formation specimen of Gisortia sp. differs from Gisortia clarki by having an ovate shell, a narrower shell, a narrower inner lip, and the presence of wide, flattened anterior and posterior margins.
The Juncal Formation specimens of Gisortia sp. are somewhat similar to a specimen of Gisortia gigantea Münster in Keferstein, 1828, from India as illustrated by Vredenburg (1927: p. 59, 60, pl. 13, fig. 2). Gisortia gigantea, which is of middle Eocene (Lutetian age) and known from France, England, and India, can have a wide range of variation in its posterior canal region owning to the absence or presence of elaborately shaped phlanges and/or wide spines. These variants usually have been assigned to subspecies of Gisortia gigantea or assigned a different species name. See Pacaud (2008) for clarifications. The Juncal Formation species of Gisortia differs from G. gigantea by having a more elongate shell shape with a posterior flattening of the shell and no evidence of any posterior phlanges.
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295
Cyphomyrmex lectus Forel
Creators: name: Wild, A. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Cyphomyrmex
Cyphomyrmex lectus

description: lectus Forel 1911a.
Concepción (LACM).
description: Published as part of Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1622 on page 33