Cultural Resources Survey of the Charleston Naval Weapons Station, Berkeley and Charleston Counties, South Carolina
Creators: name: Brockington, Paul E.
name: M. Virginia Markham
name: C.S. Butler
name: Jones, David C.
Publisher: name: Brockington and Associates, Inc.
Year: 1995
Subjects: Berkeley (County)
Naval Weapons Station Charleston
Charleston (County)
South Carolina (State / Territory)
18th Century
Woodland Period
Late Archaic
19th Century
Cold War
Historic
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Prioleau Cemetery
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Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
Cemetery
Cistern
Dump Sites
Archaeological Feature
Artifact Scatter
Rock Pile
Isolated Artifact
Plantation
Ferry Landing
Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
Brick kiln
African American grave site
Settlements
Indigo Vat Complex
Encampment
Domestic Structures
House
Pit
Brickyard
Shell
Wood
Slag
Ceramic
Kaolin Pipe Stem
Chipped Stone
Nails
Charcoal
Glass
Building Materials
Brick Fragment
Metal
Potential Historic District
Rural Historic Landscape
Cultural Resources Survey
Ceramic Dating
Archaeological Overview
Architectural Survey
Historic Background Research
Records Search / Inventory Checking
Research Design / Data Recovery Plan
Site Evaluation / Testing
Systematic Survey

description: Cultural resources survey of portions of the Naval Weapons Station (NWS) was carried out as part of the existing "Historic and Archaeological Resources Protection Plan" (HARP) for the Station. Such survey complies with Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Department of Defense Directive No. 4710.1 (June 21, 1984), the Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), Navy OPNAV 5090.1A "Environmental and Natural Resources Protection Manual," NAVY SECNAV Inst. 4000.35, and other pertinent regulations. The archaeological survey was designed to examine intensively a large sample of the total acres within the installation. Of the 16,327 acres within the NWS, it was estimated that about 10,000 acres are undeveloped (undisturbed) uplands that may contain archaeological sites. Based on the distributions of well-drained soils and fresh water sources (and on archival indications of historic occupations), these 10,000 acres were divided into areas of high and low potential for archaeological site occurrence. Approximately 2,000 acres of high potential areas were included in this intensive survey sample. After this sample survey was completed in the field, six additional areas (totalling 461 acres) within the remaining 8,000 undisturbed acres were selected to provide additional information on certain environments not well represented in the initial sample. Both prehistoric and historic period sites are numerous within the examined samples; 49 archaeological sites and 44 isolated finds were recorded. Of particular interest within the NWS are an indigo vat complex site and the many early historic brick yards. The architectural survey examined all buildings within the NWS boundaries. For buildings older than 50 years, South Carolina architectural survey forms were completed and eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) was evaluated. Three districts of related buildings are recommended as eligible for the NRHP. The architectural survey excluded buildings and other structures that may qualify for the NRHP as "Cold War Era" facilities. As a result of this study, 2 archaeological sites are recommended as eligible for the NRHP; these are defined in the HARP Plan as Category I resources. In addition, 33 sites potentially eligible for the NHRP were identified; these are defined as Category II sites in the NWS HARP Plan. These sites will require further management—preservation in place is the preferred management option for both Category I and II sites, although further archaeological study (testing, data recovery) can be carried out if preservation is not feasible. A program of further survey of portions of the presently unexamined areas of the Naval Weapons Station is also recommended. Architectural survey identified three potential NRHP districts; a management plan for preservation of buildings within these districts is presented. As a final recommendation, it is urged that a comprehensive survey of potentially NRHP eligible "Cold War Era" facilities, structures, and buildings be undertaken.