cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reviewer_2_v.2 – Supplemental material for Comparative measurement properties of constant work rate cycling and the endurance shuttle walking test in COPD: the TORRACTO® clinical trial
Creators: name: Maltais, François
name: O’Donnell, Denis E.
name: Hamilton, Alan
name: Yihua Zhao
name: Casaburi, Richard
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, Reviewer_2_v.2 for Comparative measurement properties of constant work rate cycling and the endurance shuttle walking test in COPD: the TORRACTO® clinical trial by François Maltais, Denis E. O’Donnell, Alan Hamilton, Yihua Zhao and Richard Casaburi in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
Efficacy of flukicides against Fasciola hepatica and first report of triclabendazole resistance on German sheep farms
Creators: name: Kahl, Alexandra
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
name: Helm, Christina
name: Hodgkinson, Jane
name: Williams, Diana
name: Weiher, Wiebke
name: Terhalle, Werner
name: Steuber, Stephan
name: Ganter, Martin
name: Krücken, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fasciola hepatica
subject: Anthelmintic resistance
subject: Triclabendazole
subject: FECRT
subject: Coproantigen ELISA
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Fasciola hepatica infections lead to severe health problems and production losses in sheep farming, if not treated effectively. Triclabendazole has been used extensively over decades due to its unique efficacy range against all definitive hostfluke stages but published data about the susceptibility of F. hepatica to anthelmintics in Germany are lacking. This study aimed to identify current F. hepatica infections in German sheep flocks by coproscopic examinations and to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintics with a focus on triclabendazole in a field study conducted from 2020 to 2022. Initial screening included 71 sheep farms, many of them with known history of fasciolosis. In this highly biased sample set, the frequency of F. hepatica infection at individual sheep and farm level were 12.8% and 35.2%, respectively. Additionally, eggs of Paramphistominae were found at frequencies of 4.8% and 15.5% at individual sheep and farm level, respectively. Due to low egg shedding intensity, faecal egg count reduction (FECR) tests could only be conducted on a few farms. The efficacy of triclabendazole was tested on 11 farms and albendazole on one farm, including 3–53 sheep/farm. Individual faecal samples were collected before and two weeks after treatment to evaluate the FECR using the sedimentation or FLUKEFINDER® or a modified FLUKEFINDER® method. On all farms a coproantigen reduction test was conducted in parallel. Lacking efficacy of triclabendazole even at double dosage was shown on one farm associated with a high number of animal losses due to acute fasciolosis. On this farm, the Fasciola miracidium development test was additionally performed, revealing a high in vitro ovicidal activity of albendazole while closantel was effective in vivo. On all other farms, sufficient efficacy of triclabendazole was observed. In conclusion, triclabendazole resistance appears not to be widespread on German sheep farms but, when present, can have serious effects on animal health.
Reviewer_3_v.1 – Supplemental material for A rare and fatal respiratory disease: bronchial Dieulafoy’s disease
Creators: name: Shi-Xia Liao
name: Sun, Peng-Peng
name: Bang-Guo Li
name: He, Shuang-Fei
name: Mao-Mao Liu
name: Ou-Yang, Yao
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, Reviewer_3_v.1 for A rare and fatal respiratory disease: bronchial Dieulafoy’s disease by Shi-xia Liao, Peng-peng Sun, Bang-guo Li, Shuang-fei He, Mao-mao Liu and Yao Ou-Yang in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
title: The tense system in Gombe Fula.
Creators: name: Arnott, D. W.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1960

description: Investigation of the Gombe variety of Fula has shown the importance for a description of the tense system, not only of differences in the tense suffix but also of the behaviour of other elements - the radical, 'subject element', 'object element', and 'preterite element' - which are linked with the tense suffix in what is here treated as a 'verbal complex'. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the interdependence of all these element to determine the relevance to the tense system of each of than, and also of certain other features of the complex - its intonation pattern, and a phenomenon here called 'final glottality'; and to establish the nature of the relationship between all these features. A preliminary examination of sample complexes in certain selected tenses shows in outline the interdependence of the elements and the importance of the various features in these selected tenses. The whole range of tenses is then studied, and each feature is examined in turn. Attention is given first to differences in the arrangement of the elements, then to the behaviour of the individual elements, first of 'minimal' complexes and then of 'enlarged' complexes, and conclusions are drawn about their relationships to. each other and their relevance to the tense system. Next a broader consideration of tense suffixes leads to further generalisations about some of the patterns observed. Lastly attention is given to the significance of differences (a) in the intonation pattern of the complex and (b) in the incidence of final glottality. The concluding chapter summarises previous findings, which have demonstrated the interdependence of the various features of the verbal complex, establishes the degree of relevance of each to the tense system, and on the basis of the proved relationships between the features, suggests an order of priority for descriptive purposes.
Essays on Central Bank Digital Currency: literature review and quantitative evaluation of implications for banking, financial stability, and payment systems
Creators: name: Venturi, Giulio
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: This thesis collates three papers about central bank digital currency (CBDC). The first chapter is a literature review of a large number of published and unpublished selected papers. This review focuses on the definition of a CBDC, on its potential effect for the banking system, the local and international macroeconomy, privacy and financial inclusion, and on estimations of CBDC demand. The second chapter is a research paper, investigating the effects of a CBDC as a new digital medium of exchange. Since a CBDC could become a new viable alternative to bank deposits for digital transaction settlement, this paper studies the potential consequences of a CBDC for banking intermediation and payment systems. It finds that a CBDC could reduce banks’ market power, fostering an increase in credit supply and in the eﬀiciency of transaction settlement. The third chapter is a research paper, investigating the consequences of a CBDC as a new digital store of value. Since a CBDC could become an alternative to bank deposits for storing liquidity, this paper evaluates how a CBDC would affect the likelihood and severity of financial crisis and systemic bank runs. It finds that a CBDC could prevent systemic financial distress from occurring, but that this result would require the central bank to acquire a predominant role in financial intermediation.
title: Umayyad epistolography, with special reference to the compositions ascribed to 'Abd al-Hamid al-Katib.
Creators: name: Abu Safieh, Jaser K.S.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1982

description: The object of this study, an analysis of Umayyad epistolography and chancery practice, is characterised by the more general problem of source material for the first century of Islamic history. The sources may be grouped as follows: (a) papyri; (b) insha, balaqha, and adab; (c) history, biography, and geography; (d) hadith, fiqh, and haeresiography. My approach to the problem delineated here will be set out in three chapters: (1) An examination of the Umayyad chancery: its structure, its adaptation to Arabic, and its technical development (2) A critical analysis of specimen letters reported to have been composed during the Umayyad period. (3) A study of the compositions ascribed to the dominant figure of 'Abd al-Hamid al-Katib, traditionally acknowledged as the major factor in the development of the Umayyad chancery. The conclusion of this study may be set out as follows: (1) It has been found that the Umayyad chancery format consists of (a) introductory formulae: the basmala, the inside address (al-unwan), the salam, the tahmid, and amma'd; (b) concluding formulae: dm sha Allah (if God wills), repeating the formula of salam with the definite article "al" the name of the scribe, and the date. (2) It has been noticed that the records of Kharaj in the conquered countries used to be written in Arabic, while the demand letters issued from the bureau of Kharaj were written in Persian, Greek, and Coptic until the reign of 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan who ordered his secretaries to write them in Arabic. (3) With regard to the letters ascribed to 'Abd al-Hamid al-Katib, it has been found that they are not authentic and they could not be regarded as representative of the Umayyad chancery practice, for they involve considerable Abbasid characteristics.
Selective Query Processing: a Risk-Sensitive Selection of System Configurations
Creators: name: Mothe, Josiane
name: Ullah, Md Zia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: In information retrieval systems, search parameters are optimized to ensure high effectiveness based on a set of past searches and these optimized parameters are then used as the system configuration for all subsequent queries. A better approach, however, would be to adapt the parameters to fit the query at hand. Selective query expansion is one such an approach, in which the system decides automatically whether or not to expand the query, resulting in two possible system configurations. This approach was extended recently to include many other parameters, leading to many possible system configurations where the system automatically selects the best configuration on a per-query basis. To determine the ideal configurations to use on a per-query basis in real-world systems we developed a method in which a restricted number of possible configurations is pre-selected and then used in a meta-search engine that decides the best search configuration on a per query basis. We define a risk-sensitive approach for configuration pre-selection that considers the risk-reward trade-off between the number of configurations kept, and system effectiveness. For final configuration selection, the decision is based on query feature similarities. We find that a relatively small number of configurations (20) selected by our risk-sensitive model is sufficient to increase effectiveness by about 15% according(P@10, nDCG@10) when compared to traditional grid search using a single configuration and by about 20% when compared to learning to rank documents. Our risk-sensitive approach works for both diversity- and ad hoc-oriented searches. Moreover, the similarity-based selection method outperforms the more sophisticated approaches. Thus, we demonstrate the feasibility of developing per-query information retrieval systems, which will guide future research in this direction.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables; submitted to TOIS ACM journal
title: Studies in the composition of Hadith literature.
Creators: name: Shereef, A. A. M.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1982

description: This work is concerned with the form and content of the hadith texts reported and preserved during the Classical Period (c. 175 - 300 A.H./792 - 912 A.D.) and traditionally associated with the Stoning Penalty (SP) for adultery in Islam. Its main aim is to analyze the texts and to determine the course of their composition. The thesis is divided into two sections. Section One deals with the analyses of seven Prophetical hadiths preserved in three Sunni "Canons"; the Muwatta of Malik (d.179), the Sahih of Bukhari (d.256), and the Jami' of Tirmidhi (d.279). Section Two examines the reasons for, and nature of the Juridical disputes (Ikhtilaf al-fuqaha) of the Pre-Classical Period scholars (c. 100 - c. 200 A.H./718 - 815 AD) with respect to the laws of adultery. Each section comprises seven chapters and an introduction. The conclusion reached in Section One is that the material examined reveals more about the concerns of those who transmitted and preserved the hadiths in question than it does - as is traditionally claimed - about the early community of Muhammad in Medina. The conclusion of Section Two is that the Ikhtilaf provoked the composition of badith material dealing with the SP in Islam. This calls into question the established view that the disagreement of law specialists (fuqaha) is the result of varying individual understanding or interpretation of a particular textual prop (nass pl. nusus), and at the same time demonstrates that, in most instances, the Ikhtilaf is itself prior to the text under discussion.
High genetic diversity of Babesia canis (Piana & Galli-Valerio, 1895) in a recent local outbreak in Berlin/ Brandenburg, Germany
Creators: name: Helm, Christina S.
name: Weingart, Christiane
name: Ramünke, Sabrina
name: Schäfer, Ingo
name: Müller, Elisabeth
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
name: Kohn, Barbara
name: Krücken, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: autochthonous
subject: Babesia canis
subject: dog
subject: genotyping
subject: PCR
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis (Piana & Galli-Valerio, 1895) is emerging in new regions in Europe since its vector Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) is expanding its geographic range. In the Berlin/Brandenburg area in northeast Germany, D. reticulatus is highly abundant but in the past only one autochthonous B. canis infection was reported. Since 2015, autochthonous cases were occasionally diagnosed but numbers increased since autumn 2019. The aim of the study was to genotype autochthonous canine Babesia spp. infections from Berlin/Brandenburg. Between 04/2015 and 01/2022, 46 dogs with acute babesiosis were presented to the small animal clinic (one dog was infected twice resulting in 47 samples). There were 32 dogs that had never left Berlin/Brandenburg and 14 others that had not left the region in the 6 weeks prior to disease onset. PCRs targeting the 18S rRNA and the Bc28.1 merozoite surface antigen were positive in 47 and 42 samples, respectively. Sequencing of cloned PCR products identified all samples as B. canis with 17 18S rRNA and 12 Bc28.1 haplotypes. Based on network analysis for 18S rRNA sequences and a previously described polymorphic dinucleotide, samples were assigned to two distinct clusters. One contained 31 and the other 16 samples. Using network analysis, the Bc28.1 haplotypes could also be separated into two clusters differing by at least five polymorphisms. Analyses of sequences from multiple clones indicated the presence of up to five 18S rRNA and eight Bc28.1 haplotypes and thus high parasite variability in an individual host. The genetic diversity could suggest that the parasites in the region have multiple origins, but diversity in individual dogs and dog populations from endemic regions is unknown. The suitability of both markers for genotyping is questionable due to potential intragenomic diversity for the rRNA and high intergenomic variability for the Bc28.1 marker.
Supplementary_Figure_A – Supplemental material for Association of obesity with arterial stiffness: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Creators: name: Jeongok G. Logan
name: Hyojung Kang
name: Soyoun Kim
name: Duprez, Daniel
name: Younghoon Kwon
name: Jacobs, David R.
name: Nketi Forbang
name: Lobo, Jennifer Mason
name: Min-Woong Sohn
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cardiology
subject: 110323 Surgery
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figure_A for Association of obesity with arterial stiffness: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) by Jeongok G. Logan, Hyojung Kang, Soyoun Kim, Daniel Duprez, Younghoon Kwon, David R. Jacobs, Nketi Forbang, Jennifer Mason Lobo and Min-Woong Sohn in Vascular Medicine
title: Labour problems in the economic development of urban China, 1949-1957.
Creators: name: Howe, C. B.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1969

description: This thesis is concerned with China's urban employment experience between 1949 and 1957. In Chapter Two we attempt to quantify this experience by a critical examination of existing indicators of employment change for all urban areas and by the analysis of new data for individual cities. In particular we have attempted to construct a detailed picture of the demand and supply of non-agricultural labour in the city of Shanghai. The most striking feature of the data presented in Chapter Two is the evidence of the growth of open unemployment and also of very large employment fluctuations. In Chapter Three we analyse the long run trends in urban employment change, and in Chapter Four, we look closely at the size of employment fluctuations and show how these have been related both to unemployment and over-manning. Chapters One to Four constitute an analysis of the enviroment relevant to the final chapters in which we trace chronologically, the development of Chinese thinking about urban employment and the evolution of the administrative machinery designed to control the urban labour market. In Chapters Five and Six we show that during the period analysed, China's urban employment experience led to a complete re-orientation of employment policy and a transformation in the duties and powers of the institutions responsible for employment control.
S̲tochastic S̲imulation A̲lgorithm For Effective Spreading Dynamics On T̲ime-Evolving A̲daptive N̲etworX̲ (SSATAN-X)
Creators: name: Malysheva, Nadezhda
name: Wang, Junyu
name: Kleist, Max Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adaptive networks
subject: epidemic modelling
subject: infectious disease
subject: stochastic simulation
subject: communicable diseases
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: Modelling and simulating of pathogen spreading has been proven crucial to inform containment strategies, as well as cost-effectiveness calculations. Pathogen spreading is often modelled as a stochastic process that is driven by pathogen exposure on time-evolving contact networks. In adaptive networks, the spreading process depends not only on the dynamics of a contact network, but vice versa, infection dynamics may alter risk behavior and thus feed back onto contact dynamics, leading to emergent complex dynamics. However, numerically exact stochastic simulation of such processes via the Gillespie algorithm is currently computationally prohibitive. On the other hand, frequently used ‘parallel updating schemes’ may be computationally fast, but can lead to incorrect simulation results. To overcome this computational bottleneck, we propose SSATAN-X. The key idea of this algorithm is to only capture contact dynamics at time-points relevant to the spreading process. We demonstrate that the statistics of the contact- and spreading process are accurate, while achieving ~100 fold speed-up over exact stochastic simulation. SSATAN-X’s performance increases further when contact dynamics are fast in relation to the spreading process, as applicable to most infectious diseases. We envision that SSATAN-X may extend the scope of analysis of pathogen spreading on adaptive networks. Moreover, it may serve to create benchmark data sets to validate novel numerical approaches for simulation, or for the data-driven analysis of the spreading dynamics on adaptive networks.
Distribución de Richardia scabra var. scabra
Creators: name: Kruyeniski, R. Magali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310899
subject: Plant biology not elsewhere classified

description: Archivo de kml que muestra las coordenadas analizadas de Richardia scabra var. scabra, en un estudio taxonómico integrativo de las variedades de R. scabra.
Supplemental Material, Bierstetel_LSM_Supplemental_Materials - Associations between language style matching and relationship commitment and satisfaction: An integrative data analysis
Creators: name: Bierstetel, Sabrina J.
name: Farrell, Allison K.
name: Briskin, Julia L.
name: Harvey, Michael W.
name: Gable, Shelly L.
name: Ha, Thao
name: Ickes, William
name: Lin, Wei-Fang
name: Orina, Minda M.
name: Saxbe, Darby
name: Simpson, Jeffry A.
name: Ta, Vivian P.
name: Slatcher, Richard B.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200199 Communication and Media Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Supplemental Material, Bierstetel_LSM_Supplemental_Materials for Associations between language style matching and relationship commitment and satisfaction: An integrative data analysis by Sabrina J. Bierstetel, Allison K. Farrell, Julia L. Briskin, Michael W. Harvey, Shelly L. Gable, Thao Ha, William Ickes, Wei-Fang Lin, Minda M. Orina, Darby Saxbe, Jeffry A. Simpson, Vivian P. Ta and Richard B. Slatcher in Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
title: A history of the Kikuyu to 1904.
Creators: name: Muriuki, Godfrey
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1969

description: This thesis is the first systematic attempt, so far undertaken, to collect and analyse the historical traditions of the Kikuyu. It demonstrates that among the Kikuyu the genealogies of the mbari or kinship groups are a more fruitful source of historical evidence than the popular myths of origin which are practically worthless. The former indicate that the Kikuyu are an amalgam of diverse elements drawn from a wide area. An analysis of Kikuyu society, which was based on kinship groups and the mariika system, shows that it was moulded by the mode of the initial Immigration and pattern of settlement. The mariika system provided manpower for public duties and was a vehicle for education and social control. This society was also highly competitive and egalitarian. Relations between the Kikuyu and their neighbours are also examined. It is shown that there was no basic difference in the relations existing between the Kikuyu themselves, the Kikuyu and the Maasai or the Kikuyu and their cousins around Mount Kenya. The bad reputation of the Kikuyu is shown to have emanated from the Kamba and coastal traders with disastrous results to the relations existing between the Kikuyu and all the newcomers. Finally, the initial establishment of the British rule, by force, is examined. The whole ambit of the western civilization descended on the conquered with far-reaching repercussions to their way of life.
Evidence of the intentional use of black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) in the Roman Netherlands
Creators: name: Groot, Maaike
name: Haasteren, Martijn Van
name: Kooistra, Laura I.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: north-western Europe
subject: Roman period
subject: archaeobotany
subject: GC-MS
subject: medicinal plants
subject: birch-bark tar
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: The remains of black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) are relatively common at archaeological sites as it grows naturally around settlements in north-western Europe. All parts of the plant may be used as a medicine or a narcotic but its natural prevalence in built environments makes it difficult to interpret any intentionality behind its presence in the archaeological record. Evidence of the deliberate collection and use of black henbane seeds in the Roman Netherlands is presented here for the first time. Examination of Classical texts and interrogation of the archaeobotanical data allow the authors to place the discovery at Houten-Castellum of a hollowed bone containing hundreds of black henbane seeds within the context of the wider Roman understanding of the plant and its properties.
title: Trends and movements in contemporary Arabic poetry.
Creators: name: Jayyusi, Salma K.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1970

description: This thesis deals with the trends and movements of contemporary Arabic poetry. It is arranged in two parts and comprises an introduction, ten chapters, a conclusion and a bibliography. In the introduction the method followed in writing this work is explained and compared with various methods of writing literary history. Part I, in two chapters, is a study of the cultural roots of contemporary Arabic poetry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A section depicts the emergence in the nineteenth century of a healthy poetic revival along Classical lines. Part II: The first chapter deals with the confirmation of neo-Classicism, the early infiltration of Romanticism, and the first signs of interest in new ideas and forms. The second chapter examines the poetry of the Immigrant Arab poets in Latin America and the United States, known as Mahjar poetry. The North American contribution, which established the trend of Romanticism in Arabic poetry, is shown to be radically different from the South American, which continued to be mainly along Classical lines. Chapter 3 deals with the change of poetic sensibility and critical criteria in the Arab world. Chapter 4 is dedicated to the discussion of the Romantic movement in the poetry of the Arab East. The achievements of modern Arab Romantics are assessed and the rise of decadent streaks is discussed. Chapter 5 deals with the Symbolist trend in contemporary poetry, assesses the depth and importance of this experiment and shows its relativity to the current poetic scene. The output of critics Mar?n 'Abbad and Muhammad Mandar has been instrumental in bringing about poetic change. Chapter 6 represents a critical evaluation of their roles and methods. Chapter 7 gives an account of the beginning of the free verse movement, the theorisation which accompanied its initial stages, the vehement controversy it produced, and the vital role of avant-garde magazines. The categories of "committed poetry" and "platform poetry" are also dealt with. Chapter 8 is devoted to the technical achievements of contemporary poetry in the sphere of form (with a study of prose poetry); tone; attitude and themes; diction; dramatic poetry; imagery; and obliquities; symbol, allusion, folklore , myth and archetype.
title: The history and development of Mauryan Brahmi script.
Creators: name: Upasak, Chandikra S.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1959

description: After giving a brief survey of the history of India till the rise of the Mauryas in the introduction of this work, we have discussed the origin of the Brahmi script in the next chapter. In this chapter, besides a brief account of different theories propounded by many scholars, we have endeavoured to put forward our own views where they differ from or go beyond those of earlier students. This chapter also presents a brief account of the decipherment of Brahmi. The next chapter is mainly devoted to the special features noted in the Asokan Brahmi. A detailed study of each letter has proved that there was no regional influence whatsoever in the Asokan inscriptions and that there existed a royal standard form of Brahmi script which predominated in almost all the inscriptions of Asoka. We have also pointed out how the individual characteristcs of an engraver played an important part in producing different shapes of a letter in one inscription or sometime even in one line. The fourth chapter is larger than the others, as it presents a detailed description of the individual letters found in the Asokan inscriptions. It starts with the vowels followed by the consonants arranged according to the present Devanagari alphabet, and finally concludes with a study of conjuncts, numerals, punctuations and corrections. The succeeding chapter gives a general account of each inscription of Asoka with its palaeographic peculiarities, if any have been noticed. The sixth chapter is devoted to those inscriptions which are doubtfully ascribed to the pre-Asokan or Asokan period. Since these inscriptions are undated records and all that we can infer must be based upon their palaeography alone, it has been most difficult to make any definite pronouncement about their dates. However, we have expressed our opinions, though reservedly. The last chapter concludes the work by pointing out the facts that we have been able to gather as a result of our research. The work concludes with appendices giving the occurrences of each letter of Asokan Brahmi, a line-chart of Minor Rock Edict of Erragudi, the standard shape of each letter, bibliography and photostatically reproduced copies of the unpublished inscriptions.
title: The political relations of the Mughals with the Deccan states (1556-1658 A.D.).
Creators: name: Khan, Yar M.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1958

description: I have divided my work into three main sections, one for each of the Mughal emperors, AKBAR, JAHANGIR and SHAHJAHAN. The introduction deals with geography of the Deccan and the early history of the Deccan states and their relations with IRAN, with which they were connected by their common Shi'a faith. A detailed justification of my thesis subject is also advanced in the introduction. Section I is divided into three chapters. The first deals with the difficulties of Akbar in subjugating the north, the motives of the emperor in penetrating into the south and inducements offered by Deccan weaknesses. In the second the conquest of AHMADNAGAR by the Mughals is discussed and is shown that the NIZAM SHAHIS were responsible for their own ruin, through their mutual rivalries. In the third the conquest of Asirgarh is discussed. In the Section II, the inefficiency of JAHANGIR and the court intrigues, which encouraged the Deccanis to recapture their territory and which eventually led to the rebellion of SHAHJAHAN have been described. Section III has three chapters. The first deals with the Mughals' permanent annexation of AHMADNAGAR in 1636. In the second the treaty of 1636 with GOLCONDA is discussed revealing that Qutb Shah himself was responsible for the ruin of his state in 1656. The third deals with the devastation of BIJAPUR and the treaty of 1636, which reduced 'ADIL SHAH to a Vassal of the Mughals. A discussion on the legality of the succession of 'ALI 'ADIL SHAH II follows and the Mughal invasion on BIJAPUR in 1657 is Justified. In both the second and third chapters, court intrigues which checked the Mughal progress in the Deccan have been analysed. The conclusion gives my personal views on the subject. Appendix (a) contains a discussion on the respective value of Muslim and Jesuit sources for the capture of Asir-garh, (b) a commentary from the angle of this thesis upon some of the sources and (c) is a bibliography.
title: Studies on the writings of al-Jahiz.
Creators: name: Najim, W. T.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1958

description: Al-Jahiz is known to every student of Islamic literature, history or society, of the classical period. His encyclopaedic writing embraces all aspects of life of Islamic society. The interest which al-Jahiz shows in the growing urban society and its manifestations is one of the first instances of its kind in Islamic lierature, that has come down to us. Al-Jahiz is one of the first Muslim writers who noticed the growth and development of a middle class as a result of the economic and social activities of the Islamic town. His interest in professional groups and classes, as well as his ambitions for the educated middle class in the society to take the lead, are points which are worth recording. To study him, and especially his most interesting work al-Bukhala, (Misers), in the light of society in which he lived and which he pictured, is important. In the first chapter of this thesis, a critical study of al-Jahiz's social works, a general survey and a discussion of the textual material and authenticity, is made. The second chapter is a study of al-Jahiz's views and attitudes, against the backcloth of his society. Other works of al-Jahiz, as well as those of his contemporaries, are taken here into consideration. While studying al-Jahiz's views on society, the question is asked whether al-Jahiz had any social phiolosophy. This point is dealt with in the third chapter of this thesis. A special reference is made to the Mu'tazilites. The study of society would help us to understand the book of Misers, which is not only the most important work on this aspect, hut also is most interesting of al-Jahiz's writing, where the author shows his talent in social and psychological analysis of the miser. In al-Bukhala, the question of language comes in, in connection with social classes and groups. al-Jahiz's intention in recording the language of daily life as was spoken, is discussed in the appendix, after the fourth chapter.
A multi-analytical approach applied to pottery from Oman as a key to understanding ancient Indian Ocean maritime trade
Creators: name: Zampierin, Daniele
name: Moita, Patrícia
name: Lischi, Silvia
name: Aerde, Marike Van
name: Barrulas, Pedro
name: Mirão, José
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: archaeometry
subject: ceramics
subject: Dhofar
subject: Indian Ocean trade
subject: Khor Rori
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: The populations in Sumhuram (third/second century bce to fifth century ce) and Hamr al-Sharqiya 1 (HAS1) (first millennium bce to first/second century ce) were involved in one of the most important examples of large-scale trade systems in antiquity: the maritime network connecting the coasts of the Indian Ocean. This research focuses on a total of 35 southwestern Arabian and Indian pottery sherds from both the settlements of Sumhuram and Hamr al-Sharqiya 1, analysed through a multi-analytical complementary approach. This study intends to test the input potential of this type of approach applied to ceramics in the context of the Indian Ocean trade network. The techniques adopted are powder X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results obtained allow the identification of eight distinct groups, each characterized by unique (textural, mineralogical, geochemical) signatures, providing specific clues for determining their provenance, specifically from the Indian subcontinent and southwestern Arabia. This paper shows the importance of this type of archaeometric study that must be integrated into a transdisciplinary approach.
sj-pdf-1-cep-10.1177_0333102420929028 - Supplemental material for Characteristics of cortical spreading depression and c-Fos expression in transgenic mice having a mutation associated with familial hemiplegic migraine 2
Creators: name: Chunhua Tang
name: Unekawa, Miyuki
name: Shibata, Mamoru
name: Tomita, Yutaka
name: Yoshikane Izawa
name: Sugimoto, Hiroki
name: Ikeda, Keiko
name: Kawakami, Kiyoshi
name: Suzuki, Norihiro
name: Nakahara, Jin
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cep-10.1177_0333102420929028 for Characteristics of cortical spreading depression and c-Fos expression in transgenic mice having a mutation associated with familial hemiplegic migraine 2 by Chunhua Tang, Miyuki Unekawa, Mamoru Shibata, Yutaka Tomita, Yoshikane Izawa, Hiroki Sugimoto, Keiko Ikeda, Kiyoshi Kawakami, Norihiro Suzuki and Jin Nakahara in Cephalalgia
title: The eight Tamil anthologies, with special reference to "Purananuru" and "Patirruppattu".
Creators: name: Marr, John R.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1958

description: This thesis is a survey of early Tamil court poetry collectively known as Ettuttokai. Special reference is made to the two anthologies of Bardic Poetry, Purananuru and Patirruppattu. These are discussed in Chapters III to VIII. The tradition about the Cankam, a literary 'academy' at Maturai, is examined in the Introduction, Chapter II deals with the subject-matter of these poems, and the conventions observed both in love poetry and bardic poetry. Reference is also made to the other sections of Tolkappiyam, Porulatgikaram, and a general assessment of the extent of the influence of Sanskrit literary theory on that of Tamil as set out by Tolkappiyanar is made. While accepting the general conclusions of Siveraja Pillai as to the dating of the events described in Purananuru and Patirruppattu, it is felt that his Chronological Tables are somewhat rigid, and the need for a more tentative approach to any dating of the rulers mentioned in these poems is stressed. A similar conclusion is drawn concerning the Ceral kings who figure in Patirruppattu, discussed in Chapters VI to VIII. It is suggested that much of the material that has been used by Sesha Aiyar and others to construct a chronology for these kings must be regarded as secondary, consisting as it does of Patikams, metrical introductions to the decade-poems of Patirruppattu, and similar ancillary material for Cilappatikaram. The five anthologies of love poetry are described in Chapter IX, which concludes with a discussion of Paripatal, anomalous among these anthologies in including devotional poetry. The metre of these poems is discussed in Chapter X. Many of the detailed conclusions of this thesis are contained in the chapters on Purananuru and Patirruppattu, and the last chapter consists of general conclusions about this literature.
title: Asoka and the decline of the Mauryas.
Creators: name: Thapar, Romila
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1958

description: The thesis considers in detail the reign and activities of Asoka Maurya (268-231 B.C.) of the Mauryan dynasty, in the context of the third century B.C. in India. The Introductory chapter deals with the various source materials and the secondary sources (i.e. published works on the period or relating to the period), and concludes with a brief summary of the reigns of the first two kings of this dynasty, Candragupta and Bindusara, the predecessors of Asoka. The second chapter is largely a reconstruction of the chronology of Asoka's reign. The next chapter is a detailed discussion on Asoka's policy of Dhamma, using the edicts and inscriptions of the king as expressions of this policy. A further chapter is concerned with relations between the Mauryan court and other neighbouring rulers, particularly the Greek kings to the west of India and the kingdoms of the south, and Ceylon. This chapter also contains the geographical identification of various places of importance during the Mauryan period, and includes a consideration of the importance of various trade routes. The following chapter deals with the organisation of Mauryan society and the economic and commercial life of the time. The sixth chapter is an examination of the administrative system of the period with special emphasis on the role of the king in the state machinary. The final chapter is concerned with the later Mauryas, the post-Asokan kings of the dynasty, under whom the Mauryan empire began to disintegrate. This chapter also contains an analysis of the causes of the decline of the dynasty. Appendices are included at the end of the work and are mainly detailed considerations of certain aspects of the study, demanding greater attention than was possible in the main body of the thesis.
title: The structure and function of the verbal piece in the Jebero language.
Creators: name: Bendor-Samuel, John
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1958

description: After the preface, table of contents and list of symbols, an introductory chapter gives details about the Jebero people and language, including an account of all previously published material, describes the circumstances and scope of this present study and summarizes some of the general characteristics of the language. The second chapter containing on explanation of the transcription used in the thesis is followed by an outline description of the phonology. The remainder of the thesis is a grammatical study of the verbal piece considered at different stages of grammatical analysis from the sentence to the morpheme. The function of the verbal piece is first given and this entails a description of the sentence-types found in the material examined since the function of the verbal piece is stated in terms of these sentence-types. The structure of the verbal piece is then taken up and this is set out in terms of the smaller elements of which the verbal piece may be said to be composed, namely the clause, phrase, and word, each of which is dealt with in turn. The Validity of the word as a grammatical element is shown and the basis for the establishment of word classes is described. A full description of each word class follows, giving details concerning stems, roots, and affixes of various classes and subclasses, In this way all the morphemes, words, and larger units which can enter into a verbal piece are classified as members of one or other system of grammatical elements. Some texts with translations are provided and for the first of these a full grammatical analysis is given. The thesis ends with two appendioes and a bibliography.
Increasing the number of stressors reduces soil ecosystem services worldwide
Creators: name: Rillig, Matthias C.
name: Heijden, Marcel G. A. Van Der
name: Berdugo, Miguel
name: Liu, Yu-Rong
name: Riedo, Judith
name: Sanz-Lazaro, Carlos
name: Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo
name: Romero, Ferran
name: Tedersoo, Leho
name: Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: soil ecosystem services
subject: number of stressors
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Increasing the number of environmental stressors could decrease ecosystem functioning in soils. Yet this relationship has not been globally assessed outside laboratory experiments. Here, using two independent global standardized field surveys, and a range of natural and human factors, we test the relationship between the number of environmental stressors exceeding different critical thresholds and the maintenance of multiple ecosystem services across biomes. Our analysis shows that having multiple stressors, from medium levels (>50%), negatively and significantly correlates with impacts on ecosystem services and that having multiple stressors crossing a high-level critical threshold (over 75% of maximum observed levels) reduces soil biodiversity and functioning globally. The number of environmental stressors exceeding the >75% threshold was consistently seen as an important predictor of multiple ecosystem services, therefore improving prediction of ecosystem functioning. Our findings highlight the need to reduce the dimensionality of the human footprint on ecosystems to conserve biodiversity and function.
title: Lawyers and their clients in a North Indian district.
Creators: name: Tomar, Mahipal S.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1985

description: This study is concerned with lawyers and their clients in the north Indian district of Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh. Its aim is to examine the informal aspects of the formal legal system, the hypothesis being that an informal dimension is especially important where the formal institutional structure is weak. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first is concerned with the aims of the thesis, with the general social features of the district, with methodology and with a description of the fieldwork methods. All lawyers who were regular practitioners in the district courts (kachahri) of Muzaffarnagar city, have been included in the study sample. The second chapter deals with the definition of a profession, in particular that of 'legal profession' and with the various approaches to the study of a profession. Then the thesis looks at the history of the Muzaffarnagar district Bar, the social background of its lawyers and with the question why people join this profession. Chapter Four is concerned with the bases and patterns of the linkages between lawyers and clients, and in particular with the roles of the para-professional men such as touts and brokers as middlemen and the qualities such as primordial ties; with how lawyers become leading lawyers; with the question of the degree to which the lawyers in Muzaffarnagar conform to the criteria of the 'professional man'; and with the issue of the public image of the legal profession. In Chapter Five I analyse factional politics in the district Bar, in order to examine the bases of grouping among lawyers and with the question of 'unprofessionality' in their associational behaviour. Chapter Six is concerned with the relationship of the traditional panchayat system to the modern legal system in the context of ideas held about the provision of justice. In the final chapter the conclusion is drawn that primordial ties are of great importance to the operation of the legal system, that social background influences professional behaviour, that lawyers are profit-oriented rather than service-oriented, and that the difference betwen 'occupation' and 'profession' is a matter of degree.
In memoriam: Theodor Hiepe (1929–2022)—great German scholar of parasitology
Creators: name: Matuschewski, Kai
name: Lucius, Richard
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Zoonotic parasitic diseases
subject: Parasite control
subject: Small ruminants
subject: Applied parasitology
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Theodor Hiepe (1929-2022) was an outstanding researcher, a world-renowned scientist, a dedicated teacher and a great mentor. During his scientific career, which spanned over 60 years, he made major contributions to many different fields of parasitology. With the passing of Dr. h.c. mult. Theodor Hiepe in September 2022 the scientific community suffered a great loss.