cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A positive Monk formula in the S^1-equivariant cohomology of type A Peterson varieties
Creators: name: Harada, Megumi
name: Tymoczko, Julianna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N15 (Primary); 55N91 (Secondary)

description: Peterson varieties are a special class of Hessenberg varieties that have been extensively studied e.g. by Peterson, Kostant, and Rietsch, in connection with the quantum cohomology of the flag variety. In this manuscript, we develop a generalized Schubert calculus, and in particular a positive Chevalley-Monk formula, for the ordinary and Borel-equivariant cohomology of the Peterson variety $Y$ in type $A_{n-1}$, with respect to a natural $S^1$-action arising from the standard action of the maximal torus on flag varieties. As far as we know, this is the first example of positive Schubert calculus beyond the realm of Kac-Moody flag varieties $G/P$. Our main results are as follows. First, we identify a computationally convenient basis of $H^*_{S^1}(Y)$, which we call the basis of Peterson Schubert classes. Second, we derive a manifestly positive, integral Chevalley-Monk formula for the product of a cohomology-degree-2 Peterson Schubert class with an arbitrary Peterson Schubert class. Both $H^*_{S^1}(Y)$ and $H^*(Y)$ are generated in degree 2. Finally, by using our Chevalley-Monk formula we give explicit descriptions (via generators and relations) of both the $S^1$-equivariant cohomology ring $H^*_{S^1}(Y)$ and the ordinary cohomology ring $H^*(Y)$ of the type $A_{n-1}$ Peterson variety. Our methods are both directly from and inspired by those of GKM (Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson) theory and classical Schubert calculus. We discuss several open questions and directions for future work.
description: 31 pages
Very long-term X-ray variations in LMXBs: solar cycle-like variations in the donor?
Creators: name: Kotze, M. M.
name: Charles, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-term monitoring of Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs) by the All Sky Monitor on board the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer now covers ~13 yrs and shows that certain LMXB types display very long-term (~several to tens of years) quasi-periodic modulations. These timescales are much longer than any "super-orbital" periods reported hitherto and likely have a different origin. We suggest here that they are due to long-term variations in the mass-transfer rate from the donor, which are a consequence of solar-like magnetic cycles that lead to orbital period changes (as proposed by Richman, Applegate & Patterson 1994 for similar long-term variations in CVs). Atoll sources display much larger amplitude modulations than Z sources over these timescales, presumably because Z sources are Eddington limited and hence unable to respond as readily as Atoll sources to fluctuations in the mass-transfer rate from the donor.
description: 5 pages, 3 tables, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A distributed editing environment for XML documents
Creators: name: Pasquier, Claude
name: Théry, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: XML is based on two essential aspects: the modelization of data in a tree like structure and the separation between the information itself and the way it is displayed. XML structures are easily serializable. The separation between an abstract representation and one or several views on it allows the elaboration of specialized interfaces to visualize or modify data. A lot of developments were made to interact with XML data but the use of these applications over the Internet is just starting. This paper presents a prototype of a distributed editing environment over the Internet. The key point of our system is the way user interactions are handled. Selections and modifications made by a user are not directly reflected on the concrete view, they are serialized in XML and transmitted to a server which applies them to the document and broadcasts updates to the views. This organization has several advantages. XML documents coding selection and modification operations are usually smaller than the edited document and can be directly processed with a transformation engine which can adapt them to different representations. In addition, several selections or modifications can be combined into an unique XML document. This allows one to update multiple views with different frequencies and fits the requirement of an asynchronous communication mode like HTTP.
title: A Study for the Purpose of Ascertaining the Basic Units of Instruction for a Unified Drafting Program in Utah High Schools
Creators: name: Bingham, ElMont L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1959

description: In recent years industrial arts programs have experienced a rapid increase in student enrollment. This is especially true of the drafting area. The extraordinary rate of industrial development within our state is largely responsible for demands for improved training in high school drafting programs.
Klein-Nishina effects on the high-energy afterglow emission of gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
name: He, Hao-Ning
name: Li, Zhuo
name: Wu, Xue-Feng
name: Dai, Zi-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extended high-energy(>100MeV) gamma-ray emission that lasts much longer than the prompt sub-MeV emission has been detected from quite a few gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) recently. A plausible scenario is that this emission is the afterglow synchrotron emission produced by electrons accelerated in the forward shocks. In this scenario, the electrons that produce synchrotron high-energy emission also undergo inverse-Compton (IC) loss and the IC scattering with the synchrotron photons should be in the Klein-Nishina regime. Here we study effects of the Klein-Nishina scattering on the high-energy synchrotron afterglow emission. We find that, at early times the Klein-Nishina suppression effect on those electrons that produce the high-energy emission is usually strong and therefore their inverse-Compton loss is small with a Compton parameter Y < a few for a wide range of parameter space. This leads to a relatively bright synchrotron afterglow at high energies that can be detected by Fermi LAT. As the Klein-Nishina suppression effect weakens with time, the inverse-Compton loss increases and could dominate over the synchrotron loss in some parameter space. This will lead to a faster temporal decay of the high-energy synchrotron emission than what is predicted by the standard synchrotron model, which may explain the observed rapid decay of the early high-energy gamma-ray emission in GRB090510 and GRB090902B.
description: 8 page (emulateapj style), 8 figures, submitted to ApJ
Visits to the Most Blessed Sacrament and to Blessed Virgin Mary for each day of the month.
Creators: name: Liguori, Alfonso Marie de'Saint
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 Cover title: Visits to the Blessed Sacrament.
 Official souvenir of the 28th International Eucharistic Congress, Chicago, June 20-24, 1926.
 The Visits to the Blessed Sacrament were published for the first time in Naples in the year 1745--Foreword.
SCoRe: A New Framework to Study Unmodeled Physics from Gravitational Wave Data
Creators: name: Dideron, Guillaume
name: Mukherjee, Suvodip
name: Lehner, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A confident discovery of physics beyond what has been consistently modeled from gravitational wave (GW) data requires a technique that can distinguish between noise artifacts and unmodeled signatures while also shedding light on the underlying physics. We propose a new data analysis method, \texttt{SCoRe} (Structured Correlated Residual), to search for unmodeled physics in the GW data which can cover both of these aspects. The method searches for structure in the cross-correlation power spectrum of the residual strain between pairs of GW detectors. It does so by projecting this power spectrum onto a frequency-dependent template. The template may be model-independent or model-dependent and is constructed based on the properties of the GW source parameters. The projection of the residual strain enables the distinction between noise artifacts and any true signal while capturing possible dependence on the GW source parameters. Our method is constructed in a Bayesian framework and we have shown its application on a model-independent toy example and for a model motivated by an effective field theory of gravity. The method developed here will be useful to search for a large variety of new physics and yet-to-be-modeled known physics in the GW data accessible from the current network of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detectors and from future earth- and space-based GW detectors such as A+, LISA, Cosmic Explorer, and Einstein Telescope.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
The volume-filtering immersed boundary method
Creators: name: Dave, Himanshu
name: Herrmann, Marcus
name: Kasbaoui, M. Houssem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel framework to deal with static and moving immersed boundaries (IB). In this strategy, called Volume-Filtering Immersed Boundary (VFIB) method, transport equations are derived by filtering the Navier-Stokes equations and accounting for stresses at the solid-fluid interface. The result is that boundary conditions that normally apply on the interface are transformed into bodyforces that apply on the right-hand side of the filtered transport equations. The filter width acts as a parameter that controls the level of resolution. The IB is considered well-resolved if the filter width is much smaller than the characteristic corrugation scale of the interface. There are several innovations in this IB method. First, it sheds light on the role of the internal flow which arises when the transport equations are solved inside the IB. We show that, it is essential to separate stresses due to the external and internal fluids in order to get accurate forces and provide a method to do so. Second, we show that volumes associated with Lagrangian forcing points on the boundary depend on the local topology of the surface. We provide a method to compute these volumes using a triangle tessellation of the interface and the surface density function. Third, we provide an efficient procedure to compute the solid volume fraction, thus, enabling tagging interior/exterior cells. This volume fraction is also involved in the procedure to separate stresses due to the external fluid from the total stresses. Fourth, we show a path forward to extend the VFIB method to Large Eddy Simulations involving IBs. Lastly, we apply the VFIB in several numerical tests involving two- and three- dimensional static and moving IBs. We show greatly improved results compared to prior IB methods. Further, we test several filter kernels and show that, for well-resolved IBs, the choice of the kernel plays little role.
Accelerated partial separable model using dimension-reduced optimization technique for ultra-fast cardiac MRI
Creators: name: Li, Zhongsen
name: Sun, Aiqi
name: Liu, Chuyu
name: Wei, Haining
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Fu, Mingzhu
name: Li, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Objective. Imaging dynamic object with high temporal resolution is challenging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Partial separable (PS) model was proposed to improve the imaging quality by reducing the degrees of freedom of the inverse problem. However, PS model still suffers from long acquisition time and even longer reconstruction time. The main objective of this study is to accelerate the PS model, shorten the time required for acquisition and reconstruction, and maintain good image quality simultaneously. Approach. We proposed to fully exploit the dimension reduction property of the PS model, which means implementing the optimization algorithm in subspace. We optimized the data consistency term, and used a Tikhonov regularization term based on the Frobenius norm of temporal difference. The proposed dimension-reduced optimization technique was validated in free-running cardiac MRI. We have performed both retrospective experiments on public dataset and prospective experiments on in-vivo data. The proposed method was compared with four competing algorithms based on PS model, and two non-PS model methods. Main results. The proposed method has robust performance against shortened acquisition time or suboptimal hyper-parameter settings, and achieves superior image quality over all other competing algorithms. The proposed method is 20-fold faster than the widely accepted PS+Sparse method, enabling image reconstruction to be finished in just a few seconds. Significance. Accelerated PS model has the potential to save much time for clinical dynamic MRI examination, and is promising for real-time MRI applications.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures. Accepted as manuscript on Physics in Medicine & Biology
The role of convection, overshoot, and gravity waves for the transport of dust in M dwarf and brown dwarf atmospheres
Creators: name: Freytag, Bernd
name: Allard, France
name: Ludwig, Hans-Guenter
name: Homeier, Derek
name: Steffen, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observationally, spectra of brown dwarfs indicate the presence of dust in their atmospheres while theoretically it is not clear what prevents the dust from settling and disappearing from the regions of spectrum formation. Consequently, standard models have to rely on ad hoc assumptions about the mechanism that keeps dust grains aloft in the atmosphere. We apply hydrodynamical simulations to develop an improved physical understanding of the mixing properties of macroscopic flows in M dwarf and brown dwarf atmospheres, in particular of the influence of the underlying convection zone. We performed 2D radiation hydrodynamics simulations including a description of dust grain formation and transport with the CO5BOLD code. The simulations cover the very top of the convection zone and the photosphere including the dust layers for effective temperatures between 900K and 2800K, all with logg=5 assuming solar chemical composition. Convective overshoot occurs in the form of exponentially declining velocities with small scale heights, so that it affects only the region immediately above the almost adiabatic convective layers. From there on, mixing is provided by gravity waves that are strong enough to maintain thin dust clouds in the hotter models. With decreasing effective temperature, the amplitudes of the waves become smaller but the clouds become thicker and develop internal convective flows that are more efficient in mixing material than gravity waves. The presence of clouds leads to a highly structured appearance of the stellar surface on short temporal and small spatial scales. We identify convectively excited gravity waves as an essential mixing process in M dwarf and brown dwarf atmospheres. Under conditions of strong cloud formation, dust convection is the dominant self-sustaining mixing component.
$C^*$-irreducibility of commensurated subgroups
Creators: name: Li, Kang
name: Scarparo, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a commensurated subgroup $Λ$ of a group $Γ$, we completely characterize when the inclusion $Λ\leq Γ$ is $C^*$-irreducible and provide new examples of such inclusions. In particular, we obtain that $\rm{PSL}(n,\mathbb{Z})\leq\rm{PGL}(n,\mathbb{Q})$ is $C^*$-irreducible for any $n\in \mathbb{N}$, and that the inclusion of a $C^*$-simple group into its abstract commensurator is $C^*$-irreducible. The main ingredient that we use is the fact that the action of a commensurated subgroup $Λ\leqΓ$ on its Furstenberg boundary $\partial_FΛ$ can be extended in a unique way to an action of $Γ$ on $\partial_FΛ$. Finally, we also investigate the counterpart of this extension result for the universal minimal proximal space of a group.
description: 10 pages. Minor changes. Accepted in Pacific Journal of Mathematics
title: Relations Between Transpiration, Leaf Temperatures, and Some Environmental Factors
Creators: name: Tew, Ronald Kay
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1962

description: Transpiration is the loss of water in vapor form from a plant. This is essentially the same process as evaporation except that it is modified by plant structure. Large quantities of water are removed from the soil, transferred through the conducting tissues of the plant, and dissipated into the air each day. As soon as the water is lost to the atmosphere, it becomes unavailable for human use.
Few people are aware of the actual magnitude of this process. Over 95 percent of the water absorbed by the plant is lost through transpiration, the other 5 percent being used in photosynthesis and as a plant constituent. Herbaceous plants may transpire several times their own volume of water in a single day. Many forests lose over 20 inches of water in a year. Such large quantities, when dissipated in vapor form, are sufficient to modify the climate in the surrounding area.
On genus-0 invariants of Calabi-Yau hybrid models
Creators: name: Erkinger, David
name: Knapp, Johanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We compute genus zero correlators of hybrid phases of Calabi-Yau gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs), i.e. of phases that are Landau-Ginzburg orbifolds fibered over some base. These correlators are generalisations of Gromov-Witten and FJRW invariants. Using previous results on the structure of the of the sphere- and hemisphere partition functions of GLSMs when evaluated in different phases, we extract the I-function and the J-function from a GLSM calculation. The J-function is the generating function of the correlators. We use the field theoretic description of hybrid models to identify the states that are inserted in these correlators. We compute the invariants for examples of one- and two-parameter hybrid models. Our results match with results from mirror symmetry and FJRW theory.
description: 38 pages; v2: added further details on a selection rule; minor clarifications and corrections
Theory of coherence in Bose-Einstein condensation phenomena in a microwave driven interacting magnon gas
Creators: name: Rezende, Sergio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong experimental evidences of the formation of quasi-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of magnons at room temperature in a film of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) excited by microwave radiation have been recently reported. Here we present a theory for the magnon gas driven by a microwave field far out of equilibrium showing that the nonlinear magnetic interactions create cooperative mechanisms for the onset of a phase transition leading to the spontaneous generation of quantum coherence and magnetic dynamic order in a macroscopic scale. The theory provides rigorous support for the formation of a BEC of magnons in a YIG film magnetized in the plane. We show that the system develops coherence only when the microwave driving power exceeds a threshold value and that the theoretical result for the intensity of the Brillouin light scattering from the BEC as a function of power agrees with the experimental data. The theory also explains quantitatively experimental measurements of microwave emission from the uniform mode generated by the confluence of BEC magnon pairs in a YIG film when the driving power exceeds a critical value.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures, 46 references
Noncommutative Koszul Algebras from Combinatorial Topology
Creators: name: Cassidy, Thomas
name: Phan, Christopher
name: Shelton, Brad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Associated to any uniform finite layered graph Gamma there is a noncommutative graded quadratic algebra A(Gamma) given by a construction due to Gelfand, Retakh, Serconek and Wilson. It is natural to ask when these algebras are Koszul. Unfortunately, a mistake in the literature states that all such algebras are Koszul. That is not the case and the theorem was recently retracted. We analyze the Koszul property of these algebras for two large classes of graphs associated to finite regular CW complexes, X. Our methods are primarily topological. We solve the Koszul problem by introducing new cohomology groups H_X(n,k), generalizing the usual cohomology groups H^n(X). Along with several other results, our methods give a new and primarily topological proof of a result of Serconek and Wilson and of Piontkovski.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure
title: Group Grain Feeding Versus Individual Grain Feeding of Lactating Dairy Cows
Creators: name: Sudweeks, Earl Max
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1962

description: Grain feeding is an important part of a dairy feeding program. Grain supplies energy in a concentrated form and when fed as a supplement to forage permits cows to maintain high levels of production. Also, if the forage is of low quality, additional protein and other nutrients can be supplied with the grain in a concentrate mix. By feeding a balanced concentrate mix, according to individual production, each cow receives the necessary nutrients for production. Dairy cows are usually fed grain individually.
During recent years dairy herds have increased in size and milking parlors have been developed in which to milk cows more efficiently. In milking parlors cows are generally fed grain individually. However, the cows are milked so rapidly that there is insufficient time for them to consume more than a few pounds of grain. Cows not consuming all of their grain, while being milked, are left in the stall until the remaining grain is eaten, thus delaying the milking operation or turned out without consuming the allotted amount of grain.
A composite K-band Luminosity Function for Cluster Galaxies
Creators: name: De Propris, Roberto
name: Christlein, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a composite K-band luminosity function for 10 clusters at low redshift, where member galaxies are identified from an existing spectroscopic survey (the 2dF galaxy redshift survey). Our kinematically selected K-band luminosity function is well fitted by a Schechter function with $M^*_K=-24.50 + 5\log h$ and $α=-0.98$ over $-27 <
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, Astronomische Nachrichten (JENAM 2008 Symposium 6)
Why some Iron-based superconductors are nodal while others are nodeless
Creators: name: Thomale, Ronny
name: Platt, Christian
name: Hanke, Werner
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The symmetry of the order parameter in iron-based superconductors, especially the presence or absence of nodes, is still a question of debate. While contradictory experiments can be explained by appropriately tuned theories of nodeless superconductivity in the iron-arsenide compounds, for LaOFeP all experiments clearly point to a nodal order parameter. We put forward a scenario that naturally explains the difference between the order-parameter character in these two sets of compounds, and use functional renormalization group (fRG) techniques to analyze it in detail. Our results show that, due to the orbital content of the electron and hole bands, nodal superconductivity on the electron pockets (hole pocket gaps are always nodeless) can naturally appear when the third hole pocket which lies at wavevector (pi,pi) in the unfolded Brillouin zone is absent, as is the case in LaOFeP. When present, the third hole pocket has overwhelming d_{xy} orbital character, and the intra-orbital interaction with the d_{xy} dominated part of the electron Fermi surface is enough to drive the superconductivity nodeless (of s^+- form). However, in its absence, pair hopping, inter-orbital, and electron-electron intra-orbital interactions render the gap on the electron pockets softly nodal.
description: 4.3 pages, 3 figures
title: The Effect of Chelates on Phosphorus Availability and Mobility
Creators: name: Tahoun, Salah Ahmed
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1962

description: Soil-phosphorus relations have attracted the interest of many investigators since Liebig introduced his famous theory about the importance of the mineral matters to the plant in 1840. It was soon realized that phosphorus nutrition was a problem not easily solved for two reasons. 1. The added phosphorus fertilizers, soon after soil application are converted by some reactions in the soil to complex compounds far less soluble, consequently less available to the plant. Conclusions about this process led to controversial debates until it was discovered that a general statement covering all soils was impossible since the reactions involved in each case are different. 2. There was confusion caused by the use of two terms coined to express the plant's need for phosphorus. The first term, soluble phosphorus, was based on the assumption that nutrient absorption is a simple diffusion of ions from the soil solution into the roots while the second term, available phosphorus, was based on the observation that the plant absorbed more than that which could be estimated as soluble phosphorus from some insoluble sources. A general definition was given to the term available phosphorus as "that part of soil phosphorus which may be absorbed by ordinary crop plant in the production of plant substance." Later some restrictions were applied to regard the physical conditions of both soils and plants.
Gravothermal collapse of Self-Interacting Dark Matter halos as the Origin of Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Milky Way satellites
Creators: name: Meshveliani, Tamar
name: Zavala, Jesús
name: Lovell, Mark R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Milky Way (MW) satellites exhibit a diverse range of internal kinematics, reflecting in turn a diverse set of subhalo density profiles. These profiles include large cores and dense cusps, which any successful dark matter model must explain simultaneously. A plausible driver of such diversity is self-interactions between dark matter particles (SIDM) if the cross section passes the threshold for the gravothermal collapse phase at the characteristic velocities of the MW satellites. In this case, some of the satellites are expected to be hosted by subhalos that are still in the classical SIDM core phase, while those in the collapse phase would have cuspy inner profiles, with a SIDM-driven intermediate mass black hole (IMBH) in the centre as a consequence of the runaway collapse. We develop an analytical framework that takes into account the cosmological assembly of halos and is calibrated to previous simulations; we then predict the timescales and mass scales ($M_{\rm BH}$) for the formation of IMBHs in velocity-dependent SIDM (vdSIDM) models as a function of the present-day halo mass, $M_0$. Finally, we estimate the region in the parameter space of the effective cross section and $M_0$ for a subclass of vdSIDM models that result in a diverse MW satellite population, as well as their corresponding fraction of SIDM-collapsed halos and those halos' inferred IMBH masses. We predict the latter to be in the range $0.1-1000~ {\rm M_\odot}$ with a $M_{\rm BH}-M_0$ relation that has a similar slope, but lower normalization, than the extrapolated empirical relation of super-massive black holes found in massive galaxies.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, published in PRD. Contact: tam15@hi.is
Perovskite Manganites Hosting Versatile Multiferroic Phases with Symmetric and Antisymmetric Exchange Strictions
Creators: name: Ishiwata, S.
name: Kaneko, Y.
name: Tokunaga, Y.
name: Taguchi, Y.
name: Arima, T.
name: Tokura, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complete magnetoelectric (ME) phase diagrams of orthorhombic $R$MnO$_{3}$ with and without magnetic moments on the $R$ ions have been established. Three kinds of multiferroic ground states, the $ab$-cycloidal, the $bc$-cycloidal, and the collinear $E$-type phases, have been identified by the distinct ME responses. The electric polarization of the $E$-type phase dominated by the symmetric spin exchange ($bm{S}_{i} cdot bm{S}_{j}$) is more than 10 times as large as that of the $bc$-cycloidal phase dominated by the antisymmetric one ($bm{S}_{i} times bm{S}_{j}$), and the ME response is enhanced near the bicritical phase boundary between these multiferroic phases of different origins. These findings will provide an important clue for the development of the magnetically induced multiferroics.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Detectability of strongly lensed gravitational waves using model-independent image parameters
Creators: name: Ali, Saif
name: Stoikos, Evangelos
name: Meade, Evan
name: Kesden, Michael
name: King, Lindsay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) occurs when the GWs from a compact binary system travel near a massive object. The mismatch between a lensed signal and unlensed templates determines whether lensing can be identified in a particular GW event. For axisymmetric lens models, the lensed signal is traditionally calculated in terms of model-dependent lens parameters such as the lens mass $M_L$ and source position $y$. We propose that it is useful to parameterize this signal instead in terms of model-independent image parameters: the flux ratio $I$ and time delay $Δt_d$ between images. The functional dependence of the lensed signal on these image parameters is far simpler, facilitating data analysis for events with modest signal-to-noise ratios. In the geometrical-optics approximation, constraints on $I$ and $Δt_d$ can be inverted to constrain $M_L$ and $y$ for any lens model including the point mass (PM) and singular isothermal sphere (SIS) that we consider. We use our model-independent image parameters to determine the detectability of gravitational lensing in GW signals and find that for GW events with signal-to-noise ratios $ρ$ and total mass $M$, lensing should in principle be identifiable for flux ratios $I \gtrsim 2ρ^{-2}$ and time delays $Δt_d \gtrsim M^{-1}$.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, submitted to PRD
Constraints on spin-dependent short-range interactions using gravitational quantum levels of ultracold neutrons
Creators: name: Baeßler, S.
name: Nesvizhevsky, V. V.
name: Pignol, G.
name: Protasov, K. V.
name: Voronin, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss a possibility to improve constraints on spin-dependent short-range interactions in the range of 1 - 200 micrometer significantly. For such interactions, our constraints are without competition at the moment. They were obtained through the observation of gravitationally bound states of ultracold neutrons. We are going to improve these constraints by about three orders of magnitude in a dedicated experiment with polarized neutrons using the next-generation spectrometer GRANIT.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Particle Physics with Cold Neutrons, Grenoble, May 2008, to be published in Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A
Direct evidence of a charge depletion region at the interface of Van der Waals monolayers and dielectric oxides: The case of superconducting FeSe/STO
Creators: name: Zakeri, Khalil
name: Rau, Dominik
name: Wettstein, Janek
name: Döttling, Markus
name: Jandke, Jasmin
name: Yang, Fang
name: Wulfhekel, Wulf
name: Schmalian, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of two dimensional Van der Waals materials has opened up several possibilities for designing novel devices. Yet a more promising way of designing exotic heterostutures with improved physical properties is to grow a monolayer of these materials on a substrate. For example, in the field of superconductivity it has been demonstrated that the superconducting transition temperature of a monolayer of FeSe grown on some oxide substrates e.g., strontium titanate (STO) is by far higher than its bulk counterpart. Although the system has been considered as a model system for understanding the phenomenon of high-temperature superconductivity, the physical mechanism responsible for this high transition temperature is still highly under debate. Here using momentum and energy resolved high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy we probe the dynamic charge response of the FeSe/STO(001) system and demonstrate that the frequency- and momentum-dependent dynamic charge response is not compatible with a simple film/substrate model. Our analysis reveals the existence of a depletion region at the interface between this Van der Waals monolayer and the substrate. The presence of the depletion layer, accompanied with a considerably large charge transfer from STO into the FeSe monolayer, leads to a strong renormalization of the STO energy bands and a substantial band bending at the interface. Our results shed light on the electronic complexities of the FeSe/oxide interfaces and pave the way of designing novel low-dimensional high-temperature superconductors through interface engineering. We anticipate that the observed phenomenon is rather general and can take place in many two dimensional Van der Waals monolayers brought in contact with dielectric oxides or semiconducting substrates.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Direct probing of a large spin-orbit coupling in the FeSe superconducting monolayer on STO: Evidence for nontrivial topological states
Creators: name: Zakeri, Khalil
name: Rau, Dominik
name: Jandke, Jasmin
name: Yang, Fang
name: Wulfhekel, Wulf
name: Berthod, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In condensed-matter physics spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is a fundamental physical interaction, which describes how the electrons' spin couples to their orbital motion. It is the source of a vast variety of fascinating phenomena in solids such as topological phases of matter, quantum spin Hall states, and many other exotic quantum states. Although in most theoretical descriptions of the phenomenon of high-temperature superconductivity SOC has been neglected, including this interaction can, in principle, revise the microscopic picture of superconductivity in these compounds. Not only the interaction leading to Cooper pairing but also the symmetry of the order parameter and the topological character of the involved states can be determined by SOC. Here by preforming energy-, momentum-, and spin-resolved spectroscopy experiments with an unprecedented resolution we demonstrate that while probing the dynamic charge response of the FeSe monolayer on strontium titanate, a prototype two dimensional high-temperature superconductor using slow electrons, the scattering cross-section shows a considerable spin asymmetry. We unravel the origin of the observed spin asymmetry by developing a model in which SOC is taken into consideration. Our analysis indicates that SOC in this two dimensional superconductor is rather strong. We anticipate that such a strong SOC can have several serious consequences on the electronic structures and can lead to the formation of topological states. Moreover, a sizable SOC can compete with other pairing scenarios and is crucial for the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2210.02058
Partition function approach to non-Gaussian likelihoods: Formalism and expansions for weakly non-Gaussian cosmological inference
Creators: name: Röver, Lennart
name: Bartels, Lea Carlotta
name: Schäfer, Björn Malte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Gaussian likelihoods, ubiquitous throughout cosmology, are a direct consequence of nonlinearities in the physical model. Their treatment requires Monte-Carlo Markov-chain or more advanced sampling methods for the determination of confidence contours. As an alternative, we construct canonical partition functions as Laplace-transforms of the Bayesian evidence, from which MCMC-methods would sample microstates. Cumulants of order $n$ of the posterior distribution follow by direct $n$-fold differentiation of the logarithmic partition function, recovering the classic Fisher-matrix formalism at second order. We connect this approach for weakly non-Gaussianities to the DALI- and Gram-Charlier expansions and demonstrate the validity with a supernova-likelihood on the cosmological parameters $Ω_m$ and $w$. We comment on extensions of the canonical partition function to include kinetic energies in order to bridge to Hamilton Monte-Carlo sampling, and on ensemble Markov-chain methods, as they would result from transitioning to macrocanonical partition functions depending on a chemical potential. Lastly we demonstrate the relationship of the partition function approach to the Cramér-Rao boundary and to information entropies.
description: 12 pages 2 figures, Affiliation updated
title: Pressure Dependence of Soil Water Matric Potential
Creators: name: Bahrani, Bozorg
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1963

description: The partial specific Gibbs1 free energy or the chemical potential has been shown to be the most desirable thermodynamic function for describing soil-water systems. The absolute value of the chemical potential of soil water cannot be determined. If pure water at standard temperature and pressure is taken as the reference, the difference between the chemical potential of soil water and that of the reference can be measured and is called "soil water potential," which has the dimension of energy per unit mass.
The barometric pressure at the sea level has been accepted as the standard reference pressure. Thus, any device that measures a certain property with respect to local barometric pressure should be standardized to the pressure at sea level. In case of a tensiometer, a device for measuring soil water potential operating at different locations with varying altitudes, the reference pressure changes from place to place and time to time. In pressure plate or pressure membrane apparatus, on the other hand, the soil water potential, there would be a problem with respect to pressure in evaluation of water potential.
The effect of external pressure on soil water potential has been neglected by most workers in the past. That is, they have assumed that soil water behaves the same way toward pressure as pure free water. The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate the validity of this assumption and to determine the nature of the pressure dependence of soil water potential.
Gravitational-wave memory revisited: memory from the merger and recoil of binary black holes
Creators: name: Favata, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave memory refers to the permanent displacement of the test masses in an idealized (freely-falling) gravitational-wave interferometer. Inspiraling binaries produce a particularly interesting form of memory--the Christodoulou memory. Although it originates from nonlinear interactions at 2.5 post-Newtonian order, the Christodoulou memory affects the gravitational-wave amplitude at leading (Newtonian) order. Previous calculations have computed this non-oscillatory amplitude correction during the inspiral phase of binary coalescence. Using an "effective-one-body" description calibrated with the results of numerical relativity simulations, the evolution of the memory during the inspiral, merger, and ringdown phases, as well as the memory's final saturation value, are calculated. Using this model for the memory, the prospects for its detection are examined, particularly for supermassive black hole binary coalescences that LISA will detect with high signal-to-noise ratios. Coalescing binary black holes also experience center-of-mass recoil due to the anisotropic emission of gravitational radiation. These recoils can manifest themselves in the gravitational-wave signal in the form of a "linear" memory and a Doppler shift of the quasi-normal-mode frequencies. The prospects for observing these effects are also discussed.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; accepted to the proceedings of the 7th International LISA Symposium; v2: updated figures and signal-to-noise ratios, several minor changes to the text
Holographic technicolor models and their S-parameter
Creators: name: Mintakevich, Oded
name: Sonnenschein, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Peskin-Takeuchi S-parameter of holographic technicolor models. We present the recipe for computing the parameter in a generalized holographic setup. We then apply it to several holographic models that include: (a) the Sakai-Sugimoto model and (b) its non-compactified cousin, (c) a non-critical analog of (a) based on near extremal AdS_6 background, (d) the KMMW model which is similar to model (a) but with D6 and anti-D6 flavor branes replacing the D8 and anti-D8 branes, (e) a model based on D5 branes compactified on two S^1s with D7 and anti-7 probe branes and (f) the conifold model with the same probe branes as in (e). The models are gravity duals of gauge theories with U(N_{TC}) gauge theory and with a breakdown of a flavor symmetry U(N_{TF})xU(N_{TF}) to U_V(N_{TF}). The models (a), (c),(d) and (e) are duals of a confining gauge theories whereas (b) and (f) associate with non confining models. The S-parameter was found to be S=sN_{TC} where s is given by 0.017λ_{TC}, 0.016λ_{TC}, 0.095, 0.50 and 0.043 for the (a),(b),(c),(d), (f) models respectively and for model (e) s is divergent. These results are valid in the large N_{TC} and large λ_{TC} limit. We further derive the dependence of the S-parameter on the "string endpoint" mass of the techniquarks for the various models. We compute the masses of the low lying vector technimesons.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures V2: 2 coerrections in sectionss 4 and 5, reference added
The Spectrum of the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission Derived From First-Year Fermi Large Area Telescope Data
Creators: name: LAT Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) measurements of the so-called "extra-galactic" diffuse gamma-ray emission (EGB). This component of the diffuse gamma-ray emission is generally considered to have an isotropic or nearly isotropic distribution on the sky with diverse contributions discussed in the literature. The derivation of the EGB is based on detailed modelling of the bright foreground diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission (DGE), the detected LAT sources and the solar gamma-ray emission. We find the spectrum of the EGB is consistent with a power law with differential spectral index g = 2.41+/-0.05 and intensity, I(> 100 MeV) = (1.03+/-0.17) 10^-5 cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1, where the error is systematics dominated. Our EGB spectrum is featureless, less intense, and softer than that derived from EGRET data.
description: 4 figures, 1 table, supplementary material, accepted by Physical Review Letters
Trivial Andreev band mimicking topological bulk gap reopening in the non-local conductance of long Rashba nanowires
Creators: name: Hess, Richard
name: Legg, Henry F.
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a one-dimensional Rashba nanowire in which multiple Andreev bound states in the bulk of the nanowire form an Andreev band. We show that, under certain circumstances, this trivial Andreev band can produce an apparent closing and reopening signature of the bulk band gap in the non-local conductance of the nanowire. Furthermore, we show that the existence of the trivial bulk reopening signature (BRS) in non-local conductance is essentially unaffected by the additional presence of trivial zero-bias peaks (ZBPs) in the local conductance at either end of the nanowire. The simultaneous occurrence of a trivial BRS and ZBPs mimics the basic features required to pass the so-called "topological gap protocol". Our results therefore provide a topologically trivial minimal model by which the applicability of this protocol can be benchmarked.
title: The Effect of Various Levels of Bicarbonate, Phosphorus, and pH on the Translocation of Iron in Plants
Creators: name: Doney, Ronald Conrad
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1959

description: Line-induced chlorosis is a nutritional disease affecting many fruit trees, berries, ornamental shrubs, and flowers in Utah and the western United States. In fact, this disease is of wide distribution on calcareous soils throughout the world. Lime-induced chlorosis has contributed to untold economic loss and has challenged the technical ingenuity of plant and soil scientists throughout the world. As yet the exact cause of chlorosis has not been determined; consequently, no permanent cures have been found.