cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Molecular and functional changes in neutrophilic granulocytes induced by nicotine: a systematic review and critical evaluation
Creators: name: Brembach, Theresa-Charlotte
name: Sabat, Robert
name: Witte, Katrin
name: Schwerdtle, Tanja
name: Wolk, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: PMN
subject: smoking
subject: hidradenitis suppurativa
subject: palmoplantar pustulosis
subject: psoriasis
subject: inflammation
subject: antimicrobial defense
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Over 1.1 billion people smoke worldwide. The alkaloid nicotine is a prominent and addictive component of tobacco. In addition to tumors and cardiovascular disorders, tobacco consumption is associated with a variety of chronic-inflammatory diseases. Although neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) play a role in the pathogenesis of many of these diseases, the impact of nicotine on neutrophils has not been systematically reviewed so far. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the direct influence of nicotine on human neutrophil functions, specifically on cell death/damage, apoptosis, chemotaxis, general motility, adhesion molecule expression, eicosanoid synthesis, cytokine/chemokine expression, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), net antimicrobial activity, and enzyme release. Material and methods: This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in the databases NCBI Pubmed (R) and Web of Science (TM) in February 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised English written research articles, showing in vitro studies on the direct impact of nicotine on specified human neutrophil functions. Results: Of the 532 originally identified articles, data from 34 articles were finally compiled after several evaluation steps. The considered studies highly varied in methodological aspects. While at high concentrations (>3 mmol/l) nicotine started to be cytotoxic to neutrophils, concentrations typically achieved in blood of smokers (in the nmol/l range) applied for long exposure times (24-72h) supported the survival of neutrophils. Smoking-relevant nicotine concentrations also increased the chemotaxis of neutrophils towards several chemoattractants, elevated their production of elastase, lipocalin-2, CXCL8, leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2, and reduced their integrin expression. Moreover, while nicotine impaired the neutrophil phagocytotic and anti-microbial activity, a range of studies demonstrated increased NET formation. However, conflicting effects were found on ROS generation, selectin expression and release of beta-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase. Conclusion: Nicotine seems to support the presence in the tissue and the inflammatory and selected tissue-damaging activity of neutrophils and reduces their antimicrobial functions, suggesting a direct contribution of nicotine to the pathogenesis of chronic-inflammatory diseases via influencing the neutrophil biology.
Holographic Evolution with Dynamical Boundary Gravity
Creators: name: Ecker, Christian
name: van der Schee, Wilke
name: Mateos, David
name: Casalderrey-Solana, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holography has provided valuable insights into the time evolution of strongly coupled gauge theories in a fixed spacetime. However, this framework is insufficient if this spacetime is dynamical. We present a scheme to evolve a four-dimensional, strongly interacting gauge theory coupled to four-dimensional dynamical gravity in the semiclassical regime. As in previous work, we use holography to evolve the quantum gauge theory stress tensor, whereas the four-dimensional metric evolves according to Einstein's equations coupled to the expectation value of the stress tensor. The novelty of our approach is that both the boundary and the bulk spacetimes are constructed dynamically, one time step at a time. We focus on Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker geometries and evolve far-from-equilibrium initial states that lead to asymptotically expanding, flat or collapsing Universes
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, numerical code available at http://wilkevanderschee.nl/public-codes. v2: matches published version
Early Lane Change Prediction for Automated Driving Systems Using Multi-Task Attention-based Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Mozaffari, Sajjad
name: Arnold, Eduardo
name: Dianati, Mehrdad
name: Fallah, Saber
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lane change (LC) is one of the safety-critical manoeuvres in highway driving according to various road accident records. Thus, reliably predicting such manoeuvre in advance is critical for the safe and comfortable operation of automated driving systems. The majority of previous studies rely on detecting a manoeuvre that has been already started, rather than predicting the manoeuvre in advance. Furthermore, most of the previous works do not estimate the key timings of the manoeuvre (e.g., crossing time), which can actually yield more useful information for the decision making in the ego vehicle. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a novel multi-task model to simultaneously estimate the likelihood of LC manoeuvres and the time-to-lane-change (TTLC). In both tasks, an attention-based convolutional neural network (CNN) is used as a shared feature extractor from a bird's eye view representation of the driving environment. The spatial attention used in the CNN model improves the feature extraction process by focusing on the most relevant areas of the surrounding environment. In addition, two novel curriculum learning schemes are employed to train the proposed approach. The extensive evaluation and comparative analysis of the proposed method in existing benchmark datasets show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art LC prediction models, particularly considering long-term prediction performance.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
The National Cohort of Dairy Farms
Creators: name: Reyher, K. K.
name: Scholl, D. L.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2008

description: Individual mastitis management, planning and control research projects are often limited in impact and scope by the high costs of extensive field data collection and processing. To mitigate this, the Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network (CBMRN) has created a single mastitis research platform - the National Cohort of Dairy Farms (NCDF) - to optimize data collection for several different research endeavours simultaneously. The platform is multi-institutional and national in scope and supports the collection, archiving and distribution of data for the applied and fundamental mastitis research projects currently forming the CBMRN research program.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2008
title: Determining the quality of a multifrequency acoustic identification algorithm
Creators: name: Fernandes, Paul G.
name: Stewart, Michael
Publisher: name: ASC 2004 - R - Theme session
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The identification of species using multifrequency acoustic data has become a popular method which has the potential to enhance the precision of acoustic surveys and enable them to be used for wider ecosystem studies. Many techniques are still focussed on the development of algorithms for any one single species. These algorithms may incorporate image analysis techniques to isolate echotraces, and, or, mathematical operators on the coincident (in space and time) mean volume backscattering strengths from different frequencies. There is, however, no agreed method of determining just how good any one algorithm may be relative to another for identifying the same species. Moreover, there are no objective means of altering the various components of any one algorithm to improve it. This study aims to assess how the quality of a species identification algorithm can be evaluated and improved. Using a multifrequency algorithm developed to distinguish North Sea mackerel from herring, a method is proposed which renders a similarity of identification index (sid) for the algorithm. The method is based on comparing the algorithm output to a set of ground-truthed echograms collected during a survey in the North Sea in 2003. Enhancements to sid as a result of modifications to the algorithm are directly linked to an improvement in performance. Other algorithms could be evaluated in the same framework and a comparison with a similar algorithm used to detect sandeels is also made.
One evaluation of model-based testing and its automation
Creators: name: Pretschner, Alexander
name: Prenninger, Wolfgang
name: Wagner, Stefan
name: Kjanel, Christian
name: Baumgartner, Martin
name: Sostawa, Bernd
name: Zölch, Rüdiger
name: Stauner, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5; D.2.2

description: Model-based testing relies on behavior models for the generation of model traces: input and expected output---test cases---for an implementation. We use the case study of an automotive network controller to assess different test suites in terms of error detection, model coverage, and implementation coverage. Some of these suites were generated automatically with and without models, purely at random, and with dedicated functional test selection criteria. Other suites were derived manually, with and without the model at hand. Both automatically and manually derived model-based test suites detected significantly more requirements errors than hand-crafted test suites that were directly derived from the requirements. The number of detected programming errors did not depend on the use of models. Automatically generated model-based test suites detected as many errors as hand-crafted model-based suites with the same number of tests. A sixfold increase in the number of model-based tests led to an 11% increase in detected errors.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Importance of tunneling in H-abstraction reactions by OH radicals: The case of CH4 + OH studied through isotope-substituted analogs
Creators: name: Lamberts, Thanja
name: Fedoseev, Gleb
name: Kästner, Johannes
name: Ioppolo, Sergio
name: Linnartz, Harold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined experimental and theoretical study focussing on the quantum tunneling of atoms in the reaction between CH4 and OH. The importance of this reaction pathway is derived by investigating isotope substituted analogs. Quantitative reaction rates needed for astrochemical models at low temperature are currently unavailable both in the solid state and in the gas phase. Here, we study tunneling effects upon hydrogen abstraction in CH4 + OH by focusing on two reactions: CH4 + OD -> CH3 + HDO and CD4 + OH -> CD3 + HDO. The experimental study shows that the solid-state reaction rate R(CH4 + OD) is higher than R(CD4 + OH) at 15 K. Experimental results are accompanied by calculations of the corresponding unimolecular and bimolecular reaction rate constants using instanton theory taking into account surface effects. From the work presented here, the unimolecular reactions are particularly interesting as these provide insight into reactions following a Langmuir-Hinshelwood process. The resulting ratio of the rate constants shows that the H abstraction (k(CH4 + OD)) is approximately ten times faster than D-abstraction (k(CD4 + OH)) at 65 K. We conclude that tunneling is involved at low temperatures in the abstraction reactions studied here. The unimolecular rate constants can be used by the modeling community as a first approach to describe OH-mediated abstraction reactions in the solid phase. For this reason we provide fits of our calculated rate constants that allow the inclusion of these reactions in models in a straightforward fashion.
description: Accepted by A&A
Validation of an Improved Method for Detection of Mycoplasma bovis in Milk
Creators: name: Justice-Allen, Anne E.
name: Morley, T. Scott
name: Wilson, David J.
name: Trujillo, Jessie D.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2008

description: M. bovis and several other Mycoplasma spp cause intramammary, respiratory and joint infections that have serious economic consequences for the dairy industry (Gonzalez RN et al, 1994). Mycoplasma mastitis is resistant to treatment, therefore control of mycoplasma mastitis relies primarily on early detection and culling of infected animals to reduce transmission and herd prevalence. The current method of detection with culture is less than ideal because this group of fastidious organisms requires special enrichment media, CO2 supplemented incubation chambers with a positive or negative determination requiring an average of 10 days. Previously published molecular methods for the detection of Mycoplasma spp nucleic acids in milk samples have been demonstrated to have similar sensitivity to conventional culture methodology (Cai et al, 2005; Bashiruddin et al, 2005; McAuliffe et al, 2005). Such assays present several challenges beginning with the extraction of DNA from milk samples to the DNA amplification procedures which are technically complex. The goal of our research was to develop and validate a simple, efficient extraction process and couple it with a sensitive real-time PCR assay to detect M. bovis in bulk tank samples.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2008
Wormhole Shadows in Rotating Dust
Creators: name: Ohgami, Takayuki
name: Sakai, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an extension of our previous work, which investigated the shadows of the Ellis wormhole surrounded by nonrotating dust, in this paper we study wormhole shadows in rotating dust flow. First, we derive steady-state solutions of slowly rotating dust surrounding the wormhole by solving relativistic Euler equations. Solving null geodesic equations and radiation transfer equations, we investigate the images of the wormhole surrounded by dust for the above steady-state solutions. Because the Ellis wormhole spacetime possesses unstable circular orbits of photons, a bright ring appears in the image, just as in Schwarzschild spacetime. The bright ring looks distorted due to rotation. Aside from the bright ring, there appear weakly luminous complex patterns by the emission from the other side of the throat. These structure could be detected by high-resolution very-long-baseline-interferometry observations in the near future.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Published in Phys.Rev. D94 (2016) no.6, 064071
Next-to-Leading-Order QCD Matching for $ΔF=2$ Processes in Scalar Leptoquark Models
Creators: name: Crivellin, Andreas
name: Eguren, Jordi Folch
name: Virto, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leptoquarks provide viable solutions to the flavour anomalies, i.e. they can explain the tensions between the measurements and the Standard Model predictions of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon as well as $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ and $b\to cτν$ processes. However, leptoquarks also contribute to other flavour observables, such as $ΔF=2$ processes, at the loop-level. In particular, $B_s-\bar B_s$ mixing provides a crucial bound in setups addressing $b\to cτν$ data, often excluding a big portion of the parameter space that could otherwise account for it. In this article, we first derive the complete leading order matching, including all five scalar LQ representations, for $D^0-\bar D^0$, $K^0-\bar K^0$ and $B_{s,d}-\bar B_{s,d}$ mixing (at the dimension-six level). We then calculate the next-to-leading order $α_s$ matching corrections to these $ΔF=2$ processes in generic scalar leptoquark models. We find that the two-loop corrections increase the effects in $ΔF=2$ processes by $\sim 5$-$10\%$ and significantly reduce the matching scale uncertainty.
description: 23 pages + references, 3 figures. Version 2: Typos fixed, NLO ADM corrected, and new appendix with details on the change of operator basis
Lower-limb internal loading and potential consequences for fracture healing
Creators: name: Heyland, Mark
name: Deppe, Dominik
name: Reisener, Marie Jacqueline
name: Damm, Philipp
name: Taylor, William R.
name: Reinke, Simon
name: Duda, Georg N.
name: Trepczynski, Adam
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: internal bone loading
subject: fracture fixation
subject: femur
subject: tibia
subject: intramedullary nail
subject: locking plate
subject: in vivo loading
subject: musculoskeletal modelling
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction: Mechanical loading is known to determine the course of bone fracture healing. We hypothesise that lower limb long bone loading differs with knee flexion angle during walking and frontal knee alignment, which affects fracture healing success. Materials and methods: Using our musculoskeletal in silico modelling constrained against in vivo data from patients with instrumented knee implants allowed us to assess internal loads in femur and tibia. These internal forces were associated with the clinical outcome of fracture healing in a relevant cohort of 178 extra-articular femur and tibia fractures in patients using a retrospective approach. Results: Mean peak forces differed with femoral compression (1,330-1,936 N at mid-shaft) amounting to about half of tibial compression (2,299-5,224 N). Mean peak bending moments in the frontal plane were greater in the femur (71-130 Nm) than in the tibia (from 26 to 43 Nm), each increasing proximally. Bending in the sagittal plane showed smaller mean peak bending moments in the femur (-38 to 43 Nm) reaching substantially higher values in the tibia (-63 to -175 Nm) with a peak proximally. Peak torsional moments had opposite directions for the femur (-13 to -40 Nm) versus tibia (15-48 Nm) with an increase towards the proximal end in both. Femoral fractures showed significantly lower scores in the modified Radiological Union Scale for Tibia (mRUST) at last follow-up (p < 0.001) compared to tibial fractures. Specifically, compression (r = 0.304), sagittal bending (r = 0.259), and frontal bending (r = -0.318) showed strong associations (p < 0.001) to mRUST at last follow-up. This was not the case for age, body weight, or localisation alone. Discussion: This study showed that moments in femur and tibia tend to decrease towards their distal ends. Tibial load components were influenced by knee flexion angle, especially at push-off, while static frontal alignment played a smaller role. Our results indicate that femur and tibia are loaded differently and thus require adapted fracture fixation considering load components rather than just overall load level.
title: Modified reconstruction of the defect of the distal thumb
Creators: name: Liang, Gaofeng
name: Teng, Yunsheng
name: Guo, Yongming
name: Dong, Junwen
name: Jia, Zonghai
name: Quan, Xiaobo
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: the hallux nail flap
subject: modified reconstruction
subject: flap
subject: thumb
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives/Interrogation: Reported clinical effects of the hallux nail flap, the part of the second phalange, the part of the third phalange, the fibular flap of the toe transplanted for remodeling and reconstructing of the defect of the distal thumb or the mid and proximal segment defect of the[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)
title: Reconstruction of multiple adjacent large finger pulps with the modified sensate free proximal ulnar artery perforator flap
Creators: name: Pan, Jiadong
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Perforator flap
subject: skin defect
subject: Ulnar artery
subject: Fingertip injury
subject: Free transfer
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives/Interrogation: To study the clinical effect of the reconstruction of multiple adjacent large finger pulps with the modified sensate free proximal ulnar artery perforator flap (PUAP). Methods: From February 2013 to May 2016, 29 fingers in 13 patients with adjacent large finger pulp[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)
title: A dual frequency algorithm for the identification of sandeel school echotraces
Creators: name: Mosteiro, Alicia
name: Fernandes, Paul G.
name: Armstrong, Eric
name: Greenstreet, Simon
Publisher: name: ASC 2004 - R - Theme session
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Sandeels are not only targets of a significant industrial fishery, but are also considered to be a vital trophic component of the North Sea ecosystem. At present there is no satisfactory survey method to sample sandeels which produces a global absolute abundance estimate. Acoustic surveys have been carried out, but suffer from an inability to consistently identify sandeel echo traces in an objective manner. As sandeels lack a swimbladder, their acoustic properties are very different to other fish species which occur adjacent to them. We report on the development of a dual frequency algorithm which aims to identify echotraces of sandeel schools based on the observed difference in acoustic scattering at 38 and 120 kHz. The algorithm also includes noise reduction and plankton filtering components. Multifrequency algorithms such as these will no doubt result in acoustic surveys being used more widely for fishery independent surveys with direct benefits for an ecosystems approach to fisheries management.
A novel intrinsic interface state controlled by atomic stacking sequence at interfaces of SiC/SiO$_2$
Creators: name: Matsushita, Yu-ichiro
name: Oshiyama, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of ab-initio total-energy electronic-structure calculations, we find that interface localized electron states at the SiC/SiO$_2$ interface emerge in the energy region between 0.3 eV below and 1.2 eV above the bulk conduction-band minimum (CBM) of SiC, being sensitive to the sequence of atomic bilayers in SiC near the interface. These new interface states unrecognized in the past are due to the peculiar characteristics of the CBM states which are distributed along the crystallographic channels. We also find that the electron doping modifies the energetics among the different stacking structures. Implication for performance of electron devices fabricated on different SiC surfaces are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Design of multiplicative watermarking against covert attacks
Creators: name: Gallo, Alexander J.
name: Anand, Sribalaji C.
name: Teixeira, André M. H.
name: Ferrari, Riccardo M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper addresses the design of an active cyberattack detection architecture based on multiplicative watermarking, allowing for detection of covert attacks. We propose an optimal design problem, relying on the so-called output-to-output l2-gain, which characterizes the maximum gain between the residual output of a detection scheme and some performance output. Although optimal, this control problem is non-convex. Hence, we propose an algorithm to design the watermarking filters by solving the problem suboptimally via LMIs. We show that, against covert attacks, the output-to-output l2-gain is unbounded without watermarking, and we provide a sufficient condition for boundedness in the presence of watermarks.
description: 6 page conference paper accepted to the 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control
title: Comparison of clinical and functional outcomes of two type of homodigital neurovascular flaps for fingertip reconstruction: a six year follow up
Creators: name: Reginato, Rafaelly
name: Aránguiz, Rayén
name: Ravest, Cristóbal
name: Durán, Gabriel
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: fingertip injuries
subject: homodigital direct flap
subject: homodigital reverse flap
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives/Interrogation: The fingertip is a highly specialized structure, with prehensile and tactile functions that can be importantly reduced after an injury. The goal of the treatment of this injuries is to maintain the length, sensitivity and mobility of the finger, with a painless and padded[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)
title: Examination of North Sea plankton samples in relation to multifrequency echograms
Creators: name: Mair, Angus M.
name: Fernandes, Paul G.
name: Brierley, Andrew S.
Publisher: name: ASC 2004 - R - Theme session
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.This study aims to determine the contribution made by zooplankton to acoustic scattering in the North Sea in summer. It uses a combination of net sampling and forward and inverse acoustic modelling. Zooplankton samples were collected using a Longhurst-Hardy Plankton Sampler installed in a U-tow vehicle in ICES area IVa in July 2003. Samples were directed towards areas of acoustic scattering in depths ranging from 20 m to 75 m and analysed to identify the dominant zooplankton species and sizes. Simultaneously recorded acoustic backscatter at 38, 120 and 200 kHz were scrutinised in the region of each haul to determine actual backscattering, expressed as Mean Volume Backscattering Strength (MVBS). Observed MVBS (MVBSobs) was compared with predicted backscattering, calculated using appropriate acoustic models (MVBSpred) from the abundance and size measurements from U-tow samples. MVBSpred had only a weak correlation with MVBSobs at all three frequencies. The highest degree of correlation was found at 120 kHz. Potential sources of inconsistencies between MVBSpred and MVBSobs in this study are identified which indicate that scattering, at 38 kHz in particular, must be due to sources other than the sampled zooplankton. This is investigated further by inverting a number of candidate scattering models to infer the most likely source.
title: Opinion of surgeons worldwide on management of fingertip injuries
Creators: name: Ng, Hannah
name: Adham, Amir
name: Rajaratnam, Vaikunthan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fingertip injuries
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives/Interrogation: Fingertip injuries are common and there are numerous options available for management. The aim is to explore the preferences between how surgeons would want their own fingertip injuries treated compared to how surgeons would treat patients with similar fingertip injuries.[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)
Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Stellar Core-Collapse Events
Creators: name: Finkel, Bella
name: Andresen, Haakon
name: Mandic, Vuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the stochastic gravitational-wave background arising from all stellar core-collapse events in the universe based on the gravitational-wave signal predictions of recent numerical simulations. We focus on waveforms from slowly or non-rotating stars and include rapidly rotating, highly massive progenitors as extreme case limits. Our most realistic estimates are more than one hundred times below the sensitivity of third-generation terrestrial gravitational-wave detectors and likely weaker than cosmological contributions to the stochastic gravitational-wave background.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
title: Thumb and finger reconstruction using vascularized half-big toenail flap with minimum donor site morbidity
Creators: name: Fukasawa, Katsuyasu
name: Masuyama, Naoko
name: Nishimura, Ken
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Half-big toenail flap
subject: reconstruction
subject: finger
subject: thumb
subject: minimum donor site morbidity
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives/Interrogation: The vascularized half-big toenail flap was originally developed by Kuroshima in 1990. This flap is a short-pedicled free vascularized flap of approximately 30 mm in size that contains a fibular half nail with a 5 mm skin edge and partial distal phalanx bone. The fingertip[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)
The Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Mechanism
Creators: name: Müller, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is a long-standing problem in stellar astrophysics. We briefly outline the main contenders for a solution and review recent efforts to model core-collapse supernova explosions by means of multi-dimensional simulations. We discuss several suggestions for solving the problem of missing or delayed neutrino-driven explosions in three-dimensional supernova models, including -- among others -- variations in the microphysics and large seed perturbations in convective burning shells. Focusing on the neutrino-driven mechanism, we summarise currents efforts to predict supernova explosion and remnant properties based on first-principle models and on more phenomenological approaches.
description: Invited review to appear in the International Astronomical Union Proceedings Serie (IAU Symposium 329, "The Lives and Death Throes of Massive Stars"). 8 pages, 2 figures
title: Insight on fish reaction to the presence of trawl from the comparison of acoustic data recorded during and between trawl stations
Creators: name: Bez, Nicolas
name: Reid, David
name: Bouleau, Mireille
name: Beare, Douglas
name: Neville, Suzanna
name: Vérin, Yves
name: Godø, Olav Rune
name: Gerritsen., Hans
Publisher: name: ASC 2004 - R - Theme session
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.In many cases, people also collect acoustic data during bottom trawl surveys. The inclusion of acoustic recordings in the estimation process could potentially improve the precision and accuracy of the estimations if acoustic data collected between trawl stations are consistent with that collected during trawling operations. The present paper deals with this latter consideration. First, on station and underway acoustic data are compared using statistics computed globally over an entire survey area. This amounts to comparing the average vertical profiles, and the spatial structures of the acoustic data integrated over various combination of depth layers. Second, we focus on underway data recorded in the vicinity of stations, distinguishing between data recorded before and after the tows. The objective is to avoid masking possible differences due to spatial non homogeneity between on station and underway acoustic data. Contrary to expectation, on station and underway acoustic data happen to be highly consistent and no systematic perturbation of the gear is observed at the study scale.
Mediated interactions beyond the nearest neighbor in an array of superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Yanay, Yariv
name: Braumüller, Jochen
name: Orlando, Terry P.
name: Gustavsson, Simon
name: Tahan, Charles
name: Oliver, William D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider mediated interactions in an array of floating transmons, where each qubit capacitor consists of two superconducting pads galvanically isolated from ground. Each such pair contributes two quantum degrees of freedom, one of which is used as a qubit, while the other remains fixed. However, these extraneous modes can generate coupling between the qubit modes that extends beyond the nearest neighbor. We present a general formalism describing the formation of this coupling and calculate it for a one-dimensional chain of transmons. We show that the strength of coupling and its range (that is, the exponential falloff) can be tuned independently via circuit design to realize a continuum from nearest-neighbor-only interactions to interactions that extend across the length of the chain. We present designs with capacitance and microwave simulations showing that various interaction configurations can be achieved in realistic circuits. Such coupling could be used in analog simulation of different quantum regimes or to increase connectivity in digital quantum systems. Thus mechanism must also be taken into account in other types of qubits with extraneous modes.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Characterizations of operator Birkhoff-James orthogonality
Creators: name: Moslehian, Mohammad Sal
name: Zamani, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L05, 46L08, 46B20

description: In this paper, we obtain some characterizations of the (strong) Birkhoff--James orthogonality for elements of Hilbert $C^*$-modules and certain elements of $\mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})$. Moreover, we obtain a kind of Pythagorean relation for bounded linear operators. In addition, for $T\in \mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})$ we prove that if the norm attaining set $\mathbb{M}_T$ is a unit sphere of some finite dimensional subspace $\mathscr{H}_0$ of $\mathscr{H}$ and $\|T\|_{{\mathscr{H}_0}^\perp} < \|T\|$, then for every $S\in\mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})$, $T$ is the strong Birkhoff--James orthogonal to $S$ if and only if there exists a unit vector $ξ\in {\mathscr{H}}_0$ such that $\|T\|ξ= |T|ξ$ and $S^*Tξ= 0$. Finally, we introduce a new type of approximate orthogonality and investigate this notion in the setting of inner product $C^*$-modules.
description: 14 pages, to appear in Canad. Math. Bull
The Rescaled Polya Urn and the Wright-Fisher process with mutation
Creators: name: Aletti, Giacomo
name: Crimaldi, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In [arXiv:1906.10951 (forthcoming on Advances in Applied Probability),arXiv:2011.05933 (published on PLOS ONE)] the authors introduce, study and apply a new variant of the Eggenberger-Polya urn, called the "Rescaled" Polya urn, which, for a suitable choice of the model parameters, is characterized by the following features: (i) a "local" reinforcement, i.e. a reinforcement mechanism mainly based on the last observations, (ii) a random persistent fluctuation of the predictive mean, and (iii) a long-term almost sure convergence of the empirical mean to a deterministic limit, together with a chi-squared goodness of fit result for the limit probabilities. In this work, motivated by some empirical evidences in [arXiv:2011.05933 (published on PLOS ONE)], we show that the multidimensional Wright-Fisher diffusion with mutation can be obtained as a suitable limit of the predictive means associated to a family of rescaled Polya urns
description: 13 fages, 1 figure
Fast dynamics of water droplets freezing from the outside-in
Creators: name: Wildeman, Sander
name: Sterl, Sebastian
name: Sun, Chao
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A drop of water that freezes from the outside-in presents an intriguing problem: the expansion of water upon freezing is incompatible with the self-confinement by a rigid ice shell. Using high-speed imaging we show that this conundrum is resolved through an intermittent fracturing of the brittle ice shell and cavitation in the enclosed liquid, culminating in an explosion of the partially frozen droplet. We propose a basic model to elucidate the interplay between a steady build-up of stresses and their fast release. The model reveals that for millimetric droplets the fragment velocities upon explosion are independent of the droplet size and only depend on material properties (such as the tensile stress of the ice and the bulk modulus of water). For small (sub-millimetric) droplets, on the other hand, surface tension starts to play a role. In this regime we predict that water droplets with radii below 50 micrometer are unlikely to explode at all. We expect our findings to be relevant in the modeling of freezing cloud and rain droplets.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Aesthetic reconstruction of thumb or finger partial pulp defect with free lateral great toe flap
Creators: name: Pan, Zhangjun
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: free pulp flap
subject: great toe
subject: esthetic
subject: free finger pulp flap
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives/Interrogation: We retrospective reviewed the outcomes of reconstruction of thumb or finger partial pulp defect with free lateral great toe flap, and evaluated the outcomes of esthetic and sensory free toe flap reconstructed the digital pulp defects. Methods: We performed 31 free[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)
Analytical structure of the equation of state at finite density: Resummation versus expansion in a low energy model
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Swagato
name: Rennecke, Fabian
name: Skokov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For theories plagued with a sign problem at finite density, a Taylor expansion in the chemical potential is frequently used for lattice gauge theory based computations of the equation of state. Recently, in arXiv:2106.03165, a new resummation scheme was proposed for such an expansion that resums contributions of correlation functions of conserved currents to all orders in the chemical potential. Here, we study the efficacy of this resummation scheme using a solvable low energy model, namely the mean-field quark-meson model. After adapting the scheme for a mean-field analysis, we confront the results of this scheme with the direct solution of the model at finite density as well as compare with results from Taylor expansions. We study to what extent the two methods capture the analytical properties of the equation of state in the complex chemical potential plane. As expected, the Taylor expansion breaks down as soon as the baryon chemical potential reaches the radius of convergence defined by the Yang-Lee edge singularity. Encouragingly, the resummation not only captures the location of the Yang-Lee edge singularity accurately, but is also able to describe the equation of state for larger chemical potentials beyond the location of the edge singularity for a wide range of temperatures.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures; matches the published version
title: Combination foot flaps for digit reconstruction: A prospective analysis of 37 cases
Creators: name: Zhang, Guangliang
name: Ju, Jihui
name: Hou, Ruixing
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Thumb defect
subject: Finger defect
subject: Reconstruction
subject: Toe
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives/Interrogation: Traumatic digit amputations could compromise pinch and grasp functions of the digits. Combination foot flaps for digit reconstruction was previously introduced by our group as an alternative method for toe-to-hand transfer [ref:1]. The aim of this study was to[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)
Shaping the body: African-American girlhood and health, 1919-1940
Creators: name: White, Samantha
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: This dissertation examines racialized and gendered discourses of health for African-American adolescent girls and the production of ideal representations of the body during the early twentieth century. This project contributes to a growing field of Black Girlhood Studies by tracing histories of African-American girlhood, health and embodiment. During 1919-1940, informal and formal health education ushered in new practices and knowledges related to the black adolescent female body. Health education included a diverse set of pedagogical practices found in Young Women’s Christian Associations, historically black colleges and universities, advice literature, and newspaper columns. African-American girls were encouraged to shape and conduct their bodies and behaviors across four areas of hygiene: physical hygiene, personal hygiene, social hygiene, and mental hygiene. These forms of hygiene, which addressed physical culture and sport, beauty, sexuality, and character, shaped notions of the healthy and respectable African-American adolescent girl. Health also intersected with patterns of urbanization, consumerism, and migration, especially for girls in Northern cities in the United States. African-American girls negotiated guidance and surveillance within urban Northern cities as their bodies represented sources of anxiety and hope during the New Negro Era. Ideologies of racial uplift also permeated black health education, as girls were instructed to align their actions and bodily representations with the ideals of the black middle class. African-American girls were directed to display qualities of respectability and racialized femininity as they demonstrated their right to claim access to the category of American girlhood.
The high resolution infrared spectrum of HCl$^+$
Creators: name: Doménech, José L.
name: Drouin, Brian J.
name: Cernicharo, José
name: Herrero, Víctor J.
name: Tanarro, Isabel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chloroniumyl cation, HCl$^+$, has been recently identified in space from Herschel's spectra. A joint analysis of extensive vis-UV spectroscopy emission data together with a few high resolution and high accuracy mm-wave data provided the necessary rest frequencies to support the astronomical identification. Nevertheless, the analysis did not include any infrared vibration-rotation data. Furthermore, with the end of the Herschel mission, infrared observations from ground may be one of the few available means to further study this ion in space. In this work we provide a set of accurate rovibrational transition wavenumbers as well as a new and improved global fit of vis-UV, IR and mm-wave spectroscopy laboratory data, that will aid in future studies of this molecule.
description: Published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters