cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Frameworks for prior-free posterior probabilistic inference
Creators: name: Liu, Chuanhai
name: Martin, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The development of statistical methods for valid and efficient probabilistic inference without prior distributions has a long history. Fisher's fiducial inference is perhaps the most famous of these attempts. We argue that, despite its seemingly prior-free formulation, fiducial and its various extensions are not prior-free and, therefore, do not meet the requirements for prior-free probabilistic inference. In contrast, the inferential model (IM) framework is genuinely prior-free and is shown to be a promising new method for generating both valid and efficient probabilistic inference. With a brief introduction to the two fundamental principles, namely, the validity and efficiency principles, the three-step construction of the basic IM framework is discussed in the context of the validity principle. Efficient IM methods, based on conditioning and marginalization are illustrated with two benchmark examples, namely, the bivariate normal with unknown correlation coefficient and the Behrens--Fisher problem.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure; to appear in WIREs Computational Statistics
Unraveling the Origin of Social Bursts in Collective Attention
Creators: name: De Domenico, Manlio
name: Altmann, Eduardo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the era of social media, every day billions of individuals produce content in socio-technical systems resulting in a deluge of information. However, human attention is a limited resource and it is increasingly challenging to consume the most suitable content for one's interests. In fact, the complex interplay between individual and social activities in social systems overwhelmed by information results in bursty activity of collective attention which are still poorly understood. Here, we tackle this challenge by analyzing the online activity of millions of users in a popular microblogging platform during exceptional events, from NBA Finals to the elections of Pope Francis and the discovery of gravitational waves. We observe extreme fluctuations in collective attention that we are able to characterize and explain by considering the co-occurrence of two fundamental factors: the heterogeneity of social interactions and the preferential attention towards influential users. Our findings demonstrate how combining simple mechanisms provides a route towards complex social phenomena.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Der Schramm, der Bahnhof und der Krieg
Creators: name: Neff, Christophe
Publisher: name: Bad Saulgau
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bad Saulgau
Eisenbahngeschichte
zweiter Weltkrieg
Kriegserinnerungen
Kriegsenkel
Wilhelm Schramm Spedition

description: Der Verfasser erinnert sich als Zeitzeuge (Kriegsenkel) an Tischgespräche in der Karlstraße gegenüber dem Saulgauer Bahnhof in den 1960 und 1970 Jahren bei seinen in Bad Saulgau wohnenden Großeltern. Neben dem Eisenbahnwesen, - der Großvater war Inhaber und Geschäftsführer einer Spedition, der Wilhelm Schramm Spedition Saulgau – ging es bei diesen Gesprächen oftmals auch um die Kriegserinnerungen der erweiterten Verwandtschaft aus dem ersten und zweiten Weltkrieg. Der Russlandfeldzug, Stalingrad waren einer der bestimmenden Themen dieser Tischgespräche. Der Beitrag ist mit historischen Photos bebildert, welche die Schramm LKWs in Saulgau zeigen.
Parametric Modelling Within Immersive Environments: Building a Bridge Between Existing Tools and Virtual Reality Headsets
Creators: name: Coppens, Adrien
name: Mens, Tom
name: Gallas, Mohamed-Anis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.2; H.5.2; J.6

description: Even though architectural modelling radically evolved over the course of its history, the current integration of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality(VR) components in the corresponding design tasks is mostly limited to enhancing visualisation. Little to none of these tools attempt to tackle the challenge of modelling within immersive environments, that calls for new input modalities in order to move away from the traditional mouse and keyboard combination. In fact, relying on 2D devices for 3D manipulations does not seem to be effective as it does not offer the same degrees of freedom. We therefore present a solution that brings VR modelling capabilities to Grasshopper, a popular parametric design tool. Together with its associated proof-of-concept application, our extension offers a glimpse at new perspectives in that field. By taking advantage of them,one can edit geometries with real-time feedback on the generated models, without ever leaving the virtual environment. The distinctive characteristics of VR applications provide a range of benefits without obstructing design activities. The designer can indeed experience the architectural models at full scale from a realistic point-of-view and truly feels immersed right next to them.
description: 6 pages, 36th eCAADe conference
Hepatitis E virus and coliphages in waters proximal to swine concentrated animal feeding operations
Creators: name: Stewart, Jill
name: Pisanic, Nora
name: Myers, Kevin
name: Gentry-Shields, Jennifer
name: Heaney, Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: North Carolina is the second leading state in pork production in the United States, with over 10 million swine. Swine manure in NC is typically collected and stored in open-pit lagoons before the liquid waste is sprayed onto agricultural fields for disposal. Components of this waste may be able to impact surface water quality with the potential for human exposure. This study examined viruses of public health concern in creeks adjacent to swine concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) spray fields. Surface water samples (n = 154) were collected from public access waters in proximity to swine CAFO spray fields for six months and were tested for hepatitis E virus (HEV) and coliphages. HEV was detected in one sample. Somatic coliphages were detected in 98% of samples (geometric mean 24 ± 4.1 PFU per 100 ml), and F + coliphages were detected in 85% of samples (geometric mean 6.8 ± 5.0 PFU per 100 ml). Only 3% (21) of the F + coliphage isolates were RNA phage, and all of the F + RNA coliphages belonged to genogroup I. Although the pervasiveness of swine CAFOs in this area prevented a comparison with samples from un-impacted sites, the near ubiquity of coliphages, as well as the presence of HEV, suggests that current waste management practices may be associated with the dissemination of viruses of public health concern in waters proximal to CAFO spray fields.
Additional file 3 of Selected commensals educate the intestinal vascular and immune system for immunocompetence
Creators: name: Romero, Rossana
name: Zarzycka, Agnieszka
name: Preussner, Mathieu
name: Fischer, Florence
name: Hain, Torsten
name: Herrmann, Jan-Paul
name: Roth, Katrin
name: Keber, Corinna U.
name: Suryamohan, Kushal
name: Raifer, Hartmann
name: Luu, Maik
name: Leister, Hanna
name: Bertrams, Wilhelm
name: Klein, Matthias
name: Shams-Eldin, Hosam
name: Jacob, Ralf
name: Mollenkopf, Hans-Joachim
name: Rajalingam, Krishnaraj
name: Visekruna, Alexander
name: Steinhoff, Ulrich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3.
Source tracking swine fecal waste in surface water proximal to swine concentrated animal feeding operations
Creators: name: Myers, Kevin
name: Wing, Steve
name: Heaney, Christopher D.
name: Stewart, Jill R.
name: Baron, Dothula
name: Hall, Devon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Swine farming has gone through many changes in the last few decades, resulting in operations with a high animal density known as confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These operations produce a large quantity of fecal waste whose environmental impacts are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate microbial water quality in surface waters proximal to swine CAFOs including microbial source tracking of fecal microbes specific to swine. For one year, surface water samples at up- and downstream sites proximal to swine CAFO lagoon waste land application sites were tested for fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus) and candidate swine-specific microbial source-tracking (MST) markers (Bacteroidales Pig-1-Bac, Pig-2-Bac, and Pig-Bac-2, and methanogen P23-2). Testing of 187 samples showed high fecal indicator bacteria concentrations at both up- and downstream sites. Overall, 40%, 23%, and 61% of samples exceeded state and federal recreational water quality guidelines for fecal coliforms, E. coli, and Enterococcus, respectively. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac showed the highest specificity to swine fecal wastes and were 2.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 5.94) and 2.30 times (95% CI = 0.90, 5.88) as prevalent proximal down- than proximal upstream of swine CAFOs, respectively. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac were also 2.87 (95% CI = 1.21, 6.80) and 3.36 (95% CI = 1.34, 8.41) times as prevalent when 48 hour antecedent rainfall was greater than versus less than the mean, respectively. Results suggest diffuse and overall poor sanitary quality of surface waters where swine CAFO density is high. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac are useful for tracking off-site conveyance of swine fecal wastes into surface waters proximal to and downstream of swine CAFOs and during rain events.
$Q$-representations and unitary representations of the super-Heisenberg group and harmonic superanalysis
Creators: name: Frydryszak, Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B70, 22E70, 17A70

description: We juxtapose two approaches to the representations of the super-Heisenberg group. Physical one, sometimes called concrete approach, based on the super-wave functions depending on the anti-commuting variables, yielding the harmonic superanalysis and recently developed strict theory of unitary representations of the nilpotent super Lie groups covering the unitary representations of the super-Heisenberg group.
description: 13 pages, no figures
Gyrate: CCM3 Dances with a Different Angiogenic Partner
Creators: name: Dyer, L. A.
name: Portbury, A. L.
name: Patterson, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: A healthy vasculature is an essential component of development and is regulated by different signaling pathways. One of the most critical pathways involved is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Components of this pathway serve as the first marker of primitive endothelial cells and are instrumental in inducing the initial differentiation of endothelial cells and later refining them into either arteries or veins. However, the regulation of VEGF signaling remains a mystery, with most studies focusing on the downstream components of this signaling cascade. New evidence shows that the protein cerebral cavernous malformation 3 (CCM3) is a key regulator of the VEGF pathway, bringing to light a previously unknown component of the VEGF signaling axis and opening the door to an exciting new era of vasculogenic research.
Curvature-induced bound states in Robin waveguides and their asymptotical properties
Creators: name: Exner, Pavel
name: Minakov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81Q37, 35P15, 35J05

description: We analyze bound states of Robin Laplacian in infinite planar domains with a smooth boundary, in particular, their relations to the geometry of the latter. The domains considered have locally straight boundary being, for instance, locally deformed halfplanes or wedges, or infinite strips, alternatively they are the exterior of a bounded obstacle. In the situation when the Robin condition is strongly attractive, we derive a two-term asymptotic formula in which the next-to-leading term is determined by the extremum of the boundary curvature. We also discuss the non-asymptotic case of attractive boundary interaction and show that the discrete spectrum is nonempty if the domain is a local deformation of a halfplane or a wedge of angle less than $π$, and it is void if the domain is concave.
Additional file 1 of Universal testing for hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the emergency department: a cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of two urban hospitals in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Williams, Jack
name: Vickerman, Peter
name: Smout, Elizabeth
name: Page, Emma E.
name: Phyu, Khine
name: Aldersley, Mark
name: Nebbia, Gaia
name: Douthwaite, Sam
name: Hunter, Laura
name: Ruf, Murad
name: Miners, Alec
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. HBV Markov model structure. Fig. S2. HCV Markov model structure. Fig. S3. Cost-effectiveness of HCV testing in LTHT Leeds, and GSTT London, across a range of DAA treatment costs. Table S1. Other model probabilities. Table S2. Base case HBV transition probabilities for individuals entering the model with chronic HBV and HBeAg positive disease. Table S3. Base case HBV transition probabilities for individuals entering the model with chronic HBV and HBeAg negative disease. Table S4. HCV Transition probabilities. Table S5. Health state costs. Table S6. Base case utility values. Table S7. One-way deterministic sensitivity analyses of HBV testing, in LTHT Leeds and GSTT London. Table S8. One-way deterministic sensitivity analyses of HCV testing, in LTHT Leeds and GSTT London. Table S9. Minimum prevalence at which HBV and HCV testing in the ED are 90% likely to be cost-effective in probabilistic analyses, for each setting, and across settings. Table S10. Sensitivity analysis of budget impact of annual HBV and HCV testing assuming cost of contacting positive cases performed by full time band 6 nurse
The Crystal Structure of a Self-Activating G Protein   Subunit Reveals Its Distinct Mechanism of Signal Initiation
Creators: name: Jones, J. C.
name: Duffy, J. W.
name: Dohlman, H. G.
name: Temple, B. R. S.
name: Jones, A. M.
name: Machius, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In animals, heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein (G protein) signaling is initiated by G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), which activate G protein α subunits; however, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana lacks canonical GPCRs, and its G protein α subunit (AtGPA1) is self-activating. To investigate how AtGPA1 becomes activated, we determined its crystal structure. AtGPA1 is structurally similar to animal G protein α subunits, but our crystallographic and biophysical studies revealed that it had distinct properties. Notably, the helical domain of AtGPA1 displayed pronounced intrinsic disorder and a tendency to disengage from the Ras domain of the protein. Domain substitution experiments showed that the helical domain of AtGPA1 was necessary for self-activation and sufficient to confer self-activation to an animal G protein α subunit. These findings reveal the structural basis for a mechanism for G protein activation in Arabidopsis that is distinct from the well-established mechanism found in animals.
A reaction-subdiffusion model of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)
Creators: name: Yuste, S. B.
name: Abad, E.
name: Lindenberg, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Anomalous diffusion, in particular subdiffusion, is frequently invoked as a mechanism of motion in dense biological media, and may have a significant impact on the kinetics of binding/unbinding events at the cellular level. In this work we incorporate anomalous diffusion in a previously developed model for FRAP experiments. Our particular implementation of subdiffusive transport is based on a continuous time random walk (CTRW) description of the motion of fluorescent particles, as CTRWs lend themselves particularly well to the inclusion of binding/unbinding events. In order to model switching between bound and unbound states of fluorescent subdiffusive particles, we derive a fractional reaction-subdiffusion equation of rather general applicability. Using suitable initial and boundary conditions, this equation is then incorporated in the model describing two-dimensional kinetics of FRAP experiments. We find that this model can be used to obtain excellent fits to experimental data. Moreover, recovery curves corresponding to different radii of the circular bleach spot can be fitted by a single set of parameters. While not enough evidence has been collected to claim with certainty that CTRW is the underlying transport mechanism in FRAP experiments, the compatibility of our results with experimental data fuels the discussion as to whether normal diffusion or anomalous diffusion is the appropriate model, and as to whether anomalous diffusion effects are important to fully understand the outcomes of FRAP experiments. On a more technical side, we derive explicit analytic solutions of our model in certain limits.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures, submitted to "Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment": Special Issue "Fractional Dynamics: Theory and Applications"
Yeast Dynamically Modify Their Environment to Achieve Better Mating Efficiency
Creators: name: Mather, W.
name: Elston, T. C.
name: Nayak, S.
name: Errede, B.
name: Jin, M.
name: Dohlman, H. G.
name: Behar, M.
name: Hasty, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The maintenance and detection of signaling gradients are critical for proper development and cell migration. In single-cell organisms, gradient detection allows cells to orient toward a distant mating partner or nutrient source. Budding yeast expand their growth toward mating pheromone gradients through a process known as chemotropic growth. MATα cells secrete α-factor pheromone that stimulates chemotropism and mating differentiation in MATa cells and vice versa. Paradoxically, MATa cells secrete Bar1, a protease that degrades α-factor and that attenuates the mating response, yet is also required for efficient mating. We observed that MATa cells avoid each other during chemotropic growth. To explore this behavior, we developed a computational platform to simulate chemotropic growth. Our simulations indicated that the release of Bar1 enabled individual MATa cells to act as α-factor sinks. The simulations suggested that the resultant local reshaping of pheromone concentration created gradients that were directed away from neighboring MATa cells (self-avoidance) and that were increasingly amplified toward partners of the opposite sex during elongation. The behavior of Bar1-deficient cells in gradient chambers and mating assays supported these predictions from the simulations. Thus, budding yeast dynamically remodel their environment to ensure productive responses to an external stimulus and avoid nonproductive cell-cell interactions.
ВОПРОСЫ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ЛИЦ С ИНВАЛИДНОСТЬЮ
Creators: name: Атабекова Н.К.
name: Суйуналиева Б.Ш.
name: Абдуганиев К.А.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: социальная защита
лиц с инвалидностью
социализация
равный доступ к образованию
доступ к труду
инклюзивное образование
законодательство.

description: В связи с конституционным курсом построения в Кыргызской Республике социального государства, актуальны вопросы организации социальной защиты населения. Одна из категорий социально уязвимых слоев населения – это лица с инвалидностью, которые нуждаются не только в попечительстве государства, но также и в социализации, в активном вовлечении в общественную жизнь. В статье рассмотрены некоторые проблемы социализации лиц с инвалидностью, связанные с вовлечением к труду, доступом к образованию. Авторы пришли к выводу о необходимости не только законодательного решения проблем социализации, но принятия также организационных, экономических мер по обеспечению равного доступа лиц с инвалидностью к общественной жизни.
The MOSDEF Survey: Mass, Metallicity, and Star-formation Rate at z~2.3
Creators: name: Sanders, Ryan L.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Freeman, William R.
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Siana, Brian
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Price, Sedona H.
name: de Groot, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on the z~2.3 mass-metallicity relation (MZR) using early observations from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. We use an initial sample of 87 star-forming galaxies with spectroscopic coverage of Hβ, [OIII]λ5007, Hα, and [NII]λ6584 rest-frame optical emission lines, and estimate the gas-phase oxygen abundance based on the N2 and O3N2 strong-line indicators. We find a positive correlation between stellar mass and metallicity among individual z~2.3 galaxies using both the N2 and O3N2 indicators. We also measure the emission-line ratios and corresponding oxygen abundances for composite spectra in bins of stellar mass. Among composite spectra, we find a monotonic increase in metallicity with increasing stellar mass, offset ~0.15-0.3 dex below the local MZR. When the sample is divided at the median star-formation rate (SFR), we do not observe significant SFR dependence of the z~2.3 MZR among either individual galaxies or composite spectra. We furthermore find that z~2.3 galaxies have metallicities ~0.1 dex lower at a given stellar mass and SFR than is observed locally. This offset suggests that high-redshift galaxies do not fall on the local "fundamental metallicity relation" among stellar mass, metallicity, and SFR, and may provide evidence of a phase of galaxy growth in which the gas reservoir is built up due to inflow rates that are higher than star-formation and outflow rates. However, robust conclusions regarding the gas-phase oxygen abundances of high-redshift galaxies await a systematic reappraisal of the application of locally calibrated metallicity indicators at high redshift.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)
FAM123A Binds to Microtubules and Inhibits the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor ARHGEF2 to Decrease Actomyosin Contractility
Creators: name: Major, M. B.
name: Kulikauskas, R. M.
name: Motolese, M.
name: Goldfarb, D.
name: Siesser, P. F.
name: Yan, F.
name: Chien, A. J.
name: Gewain, K.
name: Walker, M. P.
name: Wordeman, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The FAM123 gene family comprises three members, FAM123A, the tumor suppressor WTX(FAM123B) and FAM123C. WTX is required for normal development and causally contributes to human disease, in part through its regulation of β-catenin-dependent WNT signaling. The roles of FAM123A and FAM123C in signaling, cell behavior and human disease remain less understood. We defined and compared the protein-protein interaction networks for each member of the FAM123 family by affinity purification and mass spectrometry. Protein localization and functional studies suggest that the FAM123 family members have conserved and divergent cellular roles. In contrast to WTX and FAM123C, we found that microtubule-associated proteins were enriched in the FAM123A protein interaction network. FAM123A interacted with and tracked dynamic microtubules in a plus-end direction. Domain interaction experiments revealed a ‘SKIP’ amino acid motif in FAM123A that mediated interaction with the microtubule tip tracking proteins EB1 and EB3, and therefore with microtubules. Cells depleted of FAM123A showed compartment-specific effects on microtubule dynamics, increased actomyosin contractility, larger focal adhesions and decreased cell migration. These effects required binding of FAM123A to and inhibition of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF2, a microtubule-associated activator of RhoA. Together, these data suggest that the ‘family-unique’ SKIP motif enables FAM123A to bind EB proteins, localize to microtubules and coordinate microtubule dynamics and actomyosin contractility.
Exact sequences in the Enchilada category
Creators: name: Eryuzlu, Menevse
name: Kaliszewski, Steven
name: Quigg, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 2020

description: We define exact sequences in the enchilada category of $C^*$-algebras and correspondences, and prove that the reduced-crossed-product functor is not exact for the enchilada categories. Our motivation was to determine whether we can have a better understanding of the Baum-Connes conjecture by using enchilada categories. Along the way we prove numerous results showing that the enchilada category is rather strange.
description: incorporates published corrigendum
Rotation Curve Anomaly and Galactic Warp in M51
Creators: name: Oikawa, Shouta
name: Sofue, Yoshiaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the anomaly of rotation curve in the nearly face-on galaxy M51 that shows an apparently faster decrease of rotation velocity than the Keplerian law in the outer disk, further showing apparent counter rotation in the outermost HI disk. We interpret this anomaly as due to warping of the galactic disk, and determined the warping structure of M51's disk using the tilted-ring method, assuming that the intrinsic rotation curve is normal. It is shown that the disk is nearly flat in the inner disk at a constant inclination angle, but the disk suddenly bends at radius 7.5 kpc by about 27$°$. The inclination angle, then, decreases monotonically outward reaching a perfect face-on ring at 18 kpc, beyond which the disk is warped in the opposite sense to the inner disk, resulting in apparent counter rotation.
description: 5 papge, 7 figures, accepted for PASJ
Grain Alignment by Radiative Torques in Special Conditions and Implications
Creators: name: Hoang, Thiem
name: Lazarian, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grain alignment by radiative torques (RATs) has been extensively studied for various environment conditions, including interstellar medium, dense molecular clouds, and accretion disks, thanks to significant progress in observational, theoretical and numerical studies. In this paper, we explore the alignment by RATs and provide quantitative predictions of dust polarization for a set of astrophysical environments that can be tested observationally. We first consider the alignment of grains in the local interstellar medium and compare predictions for linear polarization by aligned grains with recent observational data for nearby stars. We then revisit the problem of grain alignment in accretions disks by taking into account the dependence of RAT alignment efficiency on the anisotropic direction of radiation fields relative to magnetic fields. Moreover, we study the grain alignment in interplanetary medium, including diffuse Zodiacal cloud and cometary comae, and calculate the degree of circular polarization (CP) of scattered light arising from single scattering by aligned grains. We also discuss a new type of grain alignment, namely the alignment with respect to the ambient electric field instead of the alignment with the magnetic field. We show that this type of alignment can allow us to reproduce the systematic features of CP observed across a cometary coma. Our findings suggest that polarized Zodiacal dust emission may be an important polarized foreground component, which should be treated carefully in cosmic microwave background experiments.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures, published in MNRAS
Interferon-  Therapy Against EAE Is Effective Only When Development of the Disease Depends on the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Creators: name: Shinohara, M. L.
name: Inoue, M.
name: Vandenabeele, P.
name: Miao, E. A.
name: Rajan, J. V.
name: Oliver, T.
name: Williams, K. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Interferon-β (IFN-β) is widely used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), and its efficacy was demonstrated in the setting of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS; however, IFN-β is not effective in treating all cases of MS. Here, we demonstrate that signaling by IFNAR (the shared receptor for IFN-α and IFN-β) on macrophages inhibits activation of Rac1 and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). The inhibition of Rac1 activation and ROS generation suppressed the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which resulted in attenuated EAE pathogenicity. We further found that two subsets of EAE could be defined on the basis of their dependency on the NLRP3 inflammasome and that IFN-β was not an effective therapy when EAE was induced in an NLRP3 inflammasome–independent fashion. Thus, our study demonstrates a previously uncharacterized signaling pathway that is involved in the suppression of EAE by IFN-β and characterizes NLRP3-independent EAE, which cannot be treated with IFN-β.
Signal Activation and Inactivation by the G  Helical Domain: A Long-Neglected Partner in G Protein Signaling
Creators: name: Jones, J. C.
name: Dohlman, H. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding proteins (G proteins) are positioned at the top of many signal transduction pathways. The G protein α subunit is composed of two domains, one that resembles Ras and another that is composed entirely of α helices. Historically, most attention has focused on the Ras-like domain, but emerging evidence reveals that the helical domain is an active participant in G protein signaling.
Additional file 1 of Fund behavioral science like the frameworks we endorse: the case for increased funding of preliminary studies by the National Institutes of Health
Creators: name: Beets, Michael W.
name: Pfledderer, Christopher
name: von Klinggraeff, Lauren
name: Burkart, Sarah
name: Armstrong, Bridget
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Methods for qualitative quotes.
Eukaryotic G Protein Signaling Evolved to Require G Protein-Coupled Receptors for Activation
Creators: name: Bradford, W.
name: Urano, D.
name: Jones, A. M.
name: Morton, J.
name: Buckholz, A.
name: Price, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Although bioinformatic analysis of the increasing numbers of diverse genome sequences and amount of functional data has provided insight into the evolution of signaling networks, bioinformatics approaches have limited application for understanding the evolution of highly divergent protein families. We used biochemical analyses to determine the in vitro properties of selected divergent components of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein (G protein) signaling network to investigate signaling network evolution. In animals, G proteins are activated by cell-surface seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, which are named G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). In contrast, the plant G protein is intrinsically active, and a 7TM protein terminates G protein activity by functioning as a guanosine triphosphatase–activating protein (GAP). We showed that ancient regulation of the G protein active state is GPCR-independent and “self-activating,” a property that is maintained in Bikonts, one of the two fundamental evolutionary clades containing eukaryotes, whereas G proteins of the other clade, the Unikonts, evolved from being GEF-independent to being GEF-dependent. Self-activating G proteins near the base of the Eukaryota are controlled by 7TM-GAPs, suggesting that the ancestral regulator of G protein activation was a GAP-functioning receptor, not a GEF-functioning GPCR. Our findings indicate that the GPCR paradigm describes a recently evolved network architecture found in a relatively small group of Eukaryota and suggest that the evolution of signaling network architecture is constrained by the availability of molecules that control the activation state of nexus proteins.
$t$-Structures with Grothendieck hearts via functor categories
Creators: name: Saorín, Manuel
name: Šťovíček, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E15, 18E30 (Primary) 18E35, 18G60 (Secondary)

description: We study when the heart of a t-structure in a triangulated category $\mathcal{D}$ with coproducts is AB5 or a Grothendieck category. If $\mathcal{D}$ satisfies Brown representability, a t-structure has an AB5 heart with an injective cogenerator and coproduct-preserving associated homological functor if, and only if, the coaisle has a pure-injective t-cogenerating object. If $\mathcal{D}$ is standard well generated, such a heart is automatically a Grothendieck category. For compactly generated t-structures (in any ambient triangulated category with coproducts), we prove that the heart is a locally finitely presented Grothendieck category. We use functor categories and the proofs rely on two main ingredients. Firstly, we express the heart of any t-structure in any triangulated category as a Serre quotient of the category of finitely presented additive functors for suitable choices of subcategories of the aisle or the co-aisle that we, respectively, call t-generating or t-cogenerating subcategories. Secondly, we study coproduct-preserving homological functors from $\mathcal{D}$ to complete AB5 abelian categories with injective cogenerators and classify them, up to a so-called computational equivalence, in terms of pure-injective objects in $\mathcal{D}$. This allows us to show that any standard well generated triangulated category $\mathcal{D}$ possesses a universal such coproduct-preserving homological functor, to develop a purity theory and to prove that pure-injective objects always cogenerate t-structures in such triangulated categories.
description: 60 pages; version 4: minor changes, final version; version 3: improvements in results (Thm. 1.5 and Prop. 6.9), several changes in the presentation, references added and updated; version 2: new sections 8.3 (a classification of t-structures with definable co-aisles in terms of suspended ideals of the compacts) and 8.4 (existence of right adjacent co-t-structures) added
The Milky Way Tomography with SDSS. V. Mapping the Dark Matter Halo
Creators: name: Loebman, Sarah R.
name: Ivezic, Zeljko
name: Quinn, Thomas R.
name: Bovy, Jo
name: Christensen, Charlotte R.
name: Juric, Mario
name: Roskar, Rok
name: Brooks, Alyson M.
name: Governato, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present robust constraints from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) on the shape and distribution of the dark matter halo within the Milky Way (MW). Using the number density distribution and kinematics of SDSS halo stars, we probe the dark matter distribution to heliocentric distances exceeding 10 kpc and galactocentric distances exceeding 20 kpc. Our analysis utilizes Jeans equations to generate two-dimensional acceleration maps throughout the volume; this approach is thoroughly tested on a cosmologically derived N-body+SPH simulation of a MW-like galaxy. We show that the known accelerations (gradients of the gravitational potential) can be successfully recovered in such a realistic system. Leveraging the baryonic gravitational potential derived by Bovy & Rix (2013), we show that the gravitational potential implied by the SDSS observations cannot be explained, assuming Newtonian gravity, by visible matter alone: the gravitational force experienced by stars at galactocentric distances of 20 kpc is as much as three times stronger than what can be attributed to purely visible matter. We also show that the SDSS data provide a strong constraint on the shape of the dark matter halo potential. Within galactocentric distances of 20 kpc, the dark matter halo potential is well described as an oblate halo with axis ratio qDM=0.7+/-0.1; this corresponds to an axis ratio qDM=0.4+/-0.1 for the dark matter density distribution. Because of our precise two-dimensional measurements of the acceleration of the halo stars, we can reject several MOND models as an explanation of the observed behavior.
description: 15 pages, 21 figures, accepted to ApJ. If viewing using Preview, some figures may appear blurry. If possible, please view using Adobe PDF Viewer
Mechanosensitive ATP Release Maintains Proper Mucus Hydration of Airways
Creators: name: Okada, S. F.
name: Boucher, R. C.
name: Frederick, C. B.
name: Thelin, W. R.
name: Button, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The clearance of mucus from the airways protects the lungs from inhaled noxious and infectious materials. Proper hydration of the mucus layer enables efficient mucus clearance through beating of cilia on airway epithelial cells, and reduced clearance of excessively concentrated mucus occurs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Key steps in the mucus transport process are airway epithelia sensing and responding to changes in mucus hydration. We reported that extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine were important luminal auto-crine and paracrine signals that regulated the hydration of the surface of human airway epithelial cultures through their action on apical membrane purinoceptors. Mucus hydration in human airway epithelial cultures was sensed by an interaction between cilia and the overlying mucus layer: Changes in mechanical strain, proportional to mucus hydration, regulated ATP release rates, adjusting fluid secretion to optimize mucus layer hydration. This system provided a feedback mechanism by which airways maintained mucus hydration in an optimum range for cilia propulsion. Understanding how airway epithelia can sense and respond to changes in mucus properties helps us to understand how the mucus clearance system protects the airways in health and how it fails in lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
Additional file 1 of Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for late radiation-induced tissue toxicity in treated gynaecological cancer patients: a systematic review
Creators: name: Geldof, Nadine I.
name: van Hulst, Rob A.
name: Ridderikhof, Milan L.
name: Teguh, David N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Table 4. Literature search in PubMed.
Jets from young stars and brown dwarfs
Creators: name: Whelan, E. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The protostellar outflow mechanism operates for a significant fraction of the pre-main sequence phase of a solar mass star and is thought to have a key role in star and perhaps even planet formation. This energetic mechanism manifests itself in several different forms and on many scales. Thus outflow activity can be probed in numerous different regimes from radio to X-ray wavelengths. Recent discoveries have shown that it is not only solar mass stars that launch outflows during their formation but also the sub-stellar brown dwarfs. In this article what is currently known about jets from young stars is summarised, including an outline of why it is important to study jets. The second part of this article is dedicated to jets from young brown dwarfs. While only a small number of brown dwarf outflows have been investigated to date, interesting properties have been observed. Here observations of brown dwarf outflows are described and what is currently known of their properties compared to low mass protostellar outflows.
description: Astronomische Nachrichten, Special Issue: Reviews in Modern Astrononmy
Of Proneurotrophins and Their Antineurotrophic Effects
Creators: name: Giniger, E.
name: McLinden, K. A.
name: Kotlyanskaya, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Neurotrophins perform essential processes throughout neural development. They signal through Trk receptor proteins, typically in association with a “low affinity” p75NTR pan-neurotrophin co-receptor. Neurotrophins are synthesized as proproteins; the pro domains are removed proteolytically to yield the mature, presumably functional forms of the neurotrophins. Recent findings, however, have revealed a positive role for the proneurotrophins themselves. The proproteins bind with high affinity to the p75NTR pan-neurotrophin receptor in the absence of Trks to initiate a separate set of signaling cascades that actively oppose the effects of the mature growth factors. These experiments suggest that the balance between pro- and mature neurotrophin plays a critical role in tuning downstream signaling. This view changes the neurotrophin field substantially, and also points to the broader idea that the potential activities of precursor proteins deserve a closer look.
ДЖ. ОСТИН О СУЩНОСТИ СУВЕРЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ, ЕЕ ПЕРСОНИФИКАЦИИ И ПРЕЕМСТВЕННОСТИ
Creators: name: Иванов А.Е.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: Дж. Остин
Г. Харт
юридический позитивизм
суверен
суверенная власть
преемственность верховной власти
государство-корпорация.

description: Как указывал Г. Еллинек, вопрос о суверенной государственной власти постоянно переплетается с вопросом о носителе этой власти – часто ставится знак равенства между людьми, управляющими государством, и самой публичной властью. Так, Ж. Боден, заложивший основы современного понимания суверенитета, отождествлял королевскую (монархическую) власть, представленную персоной короля или князя, с суверенитетом и государственной властью. Представляется, что активному противодействию утверждению подобного тождества поспособствовала, в частности, теория Дж. Остина. Основоположник юридического позитивизма указывал на необходимость строгого противопоставления абстрактной идеи суверенности и временного носителя такой власти – суверена. Таким образом, в настоящей работе будет показано, что ряд ключевых социально-политических институтов есть условно самостоятельное нормативное бытие, внутренняя логика которых позволяет им существовать помимо человека – в качестве идеальных сущностей. C другой стороны, будет отмечено, что институты были бы лишены смысла, если бы не получали реального воплощения через деятельность людей как адресатов требований и непосредственных носителей этих идей.
Additional file 2 of Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for late radiation-induced tissue toxicity in treated gynaecological cancer patients: a systematic review
Creators: name: Geldof, Nadine I.
name: van Hulst, Rob A.
name: Ridderikhof, Milan L.
name: Teguh, David N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Table 5. Literature search in Embase.
Additional file 1 of The effect of A1 and A2 reactive astrocyte expression on hydrocephalus shunt failure
Creators: name: Khodadadei, Fatemeh
name: Arshad, Rooshan
name: Morales, Diego M.
name: Gluski, Jacob
name: Marupudi, Neena I.
name: McAllister, James P.
name: Limbrick, David D.
name: Harris, Carolyn A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Microglia/macrophage and astrocyte reactions following neuroprosthetic device implantation. Injury transforms microglia into an M1- and M2-like phenotype and astrocytes into an A1- and A2-type, correspondingly. Astrocytes and microglia work together to initiate either a neuroinflammatory or neuroprotective response after injury through the release of cytokines or neurotrophic factors that can lead to neuronal death or survival. The cytokine pathway is the most important measurable outcome for inflammatory cascades. Inflammatory cells at the brain-device interface communicate via cytokines to activate and recruit other inflammatory cells to the interface. Cytokine stimulation is the gateway for other gene products to be over- or under-expressed in the cascade, resulting in device failure. Therefore, the cytokine pathway acts as a starting point for mechanistic, thorough investigation of inflammation and device failure. Table S1. Ct values for patients with non-obstructed and obstructed shunts.