cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The metabolic pathways and environmental controls of hydrocarbon biodegradation in marine ecosystems
Creators: name: Teske, A.P.
name: Head, I.M.
name: Joye, S.B.
name: Kostka, J.E.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Research Foundation
Year: 2014

description: Hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms are ubiquitous in the world’s oceans (Head et al., 2006; Yakimov et al., 2007), and biodegradation mediated by indigenous microbial communities is the ultimate fate of the majority of oil hydrocarbon that enters the marine environment (Leahy and Colwell, 1990; Prince, 2010; Atlas and Hazen, 2011). In response to the natural complexity of hydrocarbon compounds found in petroleum deposits, diverse marine microorganisms have evolved with an equal complexity of metabolic pathways to take advantage of hydrocarbons as a rich carbon and energy source. To minimize the environmental impact of oil spills and to optimize the environmental benefits of biodegradation, it is essential to uncover the metabolic potential of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and to address the factors that limit microbially-catalyzed biodegradation in situ.
Comment on "Origin of Surface Canting within $\mathrm{Fe}_3\mathrm{O}_4$ Nanoparticles"
Creators: name: Michels, Andreas
name: Honecker, Dirk
name: Erokhin, Sergey
name: Berkov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We comment on the Letter "Origin of surface canting within $\mathrm{Fe}_3\mathrm{O}_4$ nanoparticles" by K.L. Krycka et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. $\bf 113$, 147203 (2014)].
Modelling the Impacts of Accelerated Urbanization and Clean Energy Access on Energy Demand in Taita Taveta County, Kenya
Creators: name: Wachira, Dickson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clean Energy Access
Urbanization
Energy Demand
Clean Cooking

description: The study considers a base scenario based on historical data trends, as well as two alternative scenarios. The first scenario explores accelerated urbanization, aiming for a 50% urban population by 2050, while the second scenario focuses on achieving universal access to clean energy (specifically cooking) by 2030. The findings reveal that accelerated urbanization is projected to lead to a 10% increase in energy demand by 2040. Conversely, achieving universal clean energy access shows a significant 13% decrease in energy demand during the same period. This highlights the higher efficiency and potential cost-effectiveness of clean energy solutions. Based on the study's results, the implementation of fiscal incentives to promote the adoption of modern clean energy technologies is recommended. Additionally, a realistic implementation framework aligned with government targets, such as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Vision 2030, is crucial. By considering the insights from this study, policymakers and stakeholders can develop data-driven strategies to address the energy challenges posed by accelerated urbanization. Promoting clean energy adoption and investing in sustainable energy solutions will be key to meeting the region's energy demands efficiently and in line with national development objectives.
Sky Subtraction in an Era of Low Surface Brightness Astronomy
Creators: name: Kelvin, Lee S.
name: Hasan, Imran
name: Tyson, J. Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Wide-Fast Deep (WFD) sky survey will reach unprecedented surface brightness depths over tens of thousands of square degrees. Surface brightness photometry has traditionally been a challenge. Current algorithms which combine object detection with sky estimation systematically over-subtract the sky, biasing surface brightness measurements at the faint end and destroying or severely compromising low surface brightness light. While it has recently been shown that properly accounting for undetected faint galaxies and the wings of brighter objects can in principle recover a more accurate sky estimate, this has not yet been demonstrated in practice. Obtaining a consistent spatially smooth underlying sky estimate is particularly challenging in the presence of representative distributions of bright and faint objects. In this paper we use simulations of crowded and uncrowded fields designed to mimic Hyper Suprime-Cam data to perform a series of tests on the accuracy of the recovered sky. Dependence on field density, galaxy type and limiting flux for detection are all considered. Several photometry packages are utilised: Source Extractor, Gnuastro, and the LSST Science Pipelines. Each is configured in various modes, and their performance at extreme low surface brightness analysed. We find that the combination of the Source Extractor software package with novel source model masking techniques consistently produce extremely faint output sky estimates, by up to an order of magnitude, as well as returning high fidelity output science catalogues.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 41 pages: 9 figures and 1 table in the main text, 11 figures and 2 tables in the appendix
Molecular characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Guaymas basin
Creators: name:  Sogin, M.L.
name:  Stahl, D.A.
name: Dhillon, A.
name:  Dillon, J.
name:  Teske, A.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 2003

description: The Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) is a hydrothermal vent site where thermal alteration of deposited planktonic and terrestrial organic matter forms petroliferous material which supports diverse sulfate-reducing bacteria. We explored the phylogenetic and functional diversity of the sulfate-reducing bacteria by characterizing PCR-amplified dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrAB) and 16S rRNA genes from the upper 4 cm of the Guaymas sediment. The dsrAB sequences revealed that there was a major clade closely related to the acetateoxidizing delta-proteobacterial genus Desulfobacter and a clade of novel, deeply branching dsr sequences related to environmental dsr sequences from marine sediments in Aarhus Bay and Kysing Fjord (Denmark). Other dsr clones were affiliated with gram-positive thermophilic sulfate reducers (genus Desulfotomaculum) and the delta-proteobacterial species Desulforhabdus amnigena and Thermodesulforhabdus norvegica. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNAs from the same environmental samples resulted in identification of four clones affiliated with Desulfobacterium niacini, a member of the acetate-oxidizing, nutritionally versatile genus Desulfobacterium, and one clone related to Desulfobacula toluolica and Desulfotignum balticum. Other bacterial 16S rRNA bacterial phylotypes were represented by non-sulfate reducers and uncultured lineages with unknown physiology, like OP9, OP8, as well as a group with no clear affiliation. In summary, analyses of both 16S rRNA and dsrAB clone libraries resulted in identification of members of the Desulfobacteriales in the Guaymas sediments. In addition, the dsrAB sequencing approach revealed a novel group of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes that could not be identified by 16S rRNA sequencing.
Additional file 3 of Upper limb intention tremor assessment: opportunities and challenges in wearable technology
Creators: name: Paredes-Acuna, Natalia
name: Utpadel-Fischler, Daniel
name: Ding, Keqin
name: Thakor, Nitish V.
name: Cheng, Gordon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3. Results of literature search and data extraction. This flow diagram shows the number of sources of evidence screened and assessed for eligibility and the number of studies excluded at each stage of the data extraction process.
OnStove modelling for cooking scenarios in Ghana
Creators: name: Ntiriwaa, Ossei-Bremang Rejoice
name: Khavari Babak
name: Ramirez Camilo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clean Cooking, OnStove modelling, Geospatial data, Energy planing, Sustainable development, Ghana

description: About 22 million people in Ghana use firewood which impedes that realisation of the targets for sdg 7& 12. The country accounts for 16,000 deaths per year due to HAP and ambient air pollution, this statistics are not encouraging figures for the sdg 3. Within the last two decades, the predominant use of firewood has resulted in about 1.53Mha of tree cover loss, 22% reduction in forest resources, biodiversity displacement and 843Mt Coe emissions (sdg 13& sdg15). On a gender empowerment and economic developmental issues (sdg 5&8), women and children use10 h/week for wood collection, this cost the world about USD 0.8 trillion due to loss of productivity.
No breakdown of the radiatively-driven wind theory in low-metallicity environments
Creators: name: Bouret, J. -C.
name: Lanz, T.
name: Hillier, D. J.
name: Martins, F.
name: Marcolino, W. L. F.
name: Depagne, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a spectroscopic analysis of HST/COS observations of three massive stars in the low metallicity dwarf galaxies IC 1613 and WLM. These stars, were previously observed with VLT/X-shooter by Tramper et al. (2011, 2014) who claimed that their mass-loss rates are higher than expected from theoretical predictions for the underlying metallicity. A comparison of the FUV spectra with those of stars of similar spectral types/luminosity classes in the Galaxy, and the Magellanic Clouds provides a direct, model-independent check of the mass-loss - metallicity relation. Then, a quantitative spectroscopic analysis is carried out using the NLTE stellar atmosphere code CMFGEN. We derive the photospheric and wind characteristics, benefiting from a much better sensitivity of the FUV lines to wind properties than Ha. Iron and CNO abundances are measured, providing an independent check of the stellar metallicity. The spectroscopic analysis indicates that Z/Zsun = 1/5, similar to a SMC-type environment, and higher than usually quoted for IC 1613 and WLM. The mass-loss rates are smaller than the empirical ones by Tramper et al. (2014), and those predicted by the widely used theoretical recipe by Vink et al. (2001). On the other hand, we show that the empirical, FUV-based, mass-loss rates are in good agreement with those derived from mass fluxes computed by Lucy (2012). We do not concur with Tramper et al. (2011, 2014) that there is a breakdown in the mass-loss - metallicity relation.
description: 26 pages, 3 tables, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Optimal transient growth in thin-interface internal solitary waves
Creators: name: Helfrich, K.R.
name: White, B.L.
name: Passaggia, P.-Y.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2018

description: The dynamics of perturbations to large-amplitude internal solitary waves (ISWs) in two-layered flows with thin interfaces is analysed by means of linear optimal transient growth methods. Optimal perturbations are computed through direct-adjoint iterations of the Navier-Stokes equations linearized around inviscid, steady ISWs obtained from the Dubreil-Jacotin-Long (DJL) equation. Optimal perturbations are found as a function of the ISW phase velocity (alternatively amplitude) for one representative stratification. These disturbances are found to be localized wave-like packets that originate just upstream of the ISW self-induced zone (for large enough ) of potentially unstable Richardson number, <[CDATA Ri. They propagate through the base wave as coherent packets whose total energy gain increases rapidly with . The optimal disturbances are also shown to be relevant to DJL solitary waves that have been modified by viscosity representative of laboratory experiments. The optimal disturbances are compared to the local Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation for spatially growing Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) waves through the <[CDATA Ri zone. The WKB approach is able to capture properties (e.g. carrier frequency, wavenumber and energy gain) of the optimal disturbances except for an initial phase of non-normal growth due to the Orr mechanism. The non-normal growth can be a substantial portion of the total gain, especially for ISWs that are weakly unstable to K-H waves. The linear evolution of Gaussian packets of linear free waves with the same carrier frequency as the optimal disturbances is shown to result in less energy gain than found for either the optimal perturbations or the WKB approximation due to non-normal effects that cause absorption of disturbance energy into the leading face of the wave. Two-dimensional numerical calculations of the nonlinear evolution of optimal disturbance packets leads to the generation of large-amplitude K-H billows that can emerge on the leading face of the wave and that break down into turbulence in the lee of the wave. The nonlinear calculations are used to derive a slowly varying model of ISW decay due to repeated encounters with optimal or free wave packets. Field observations of unstable ISW by Moum et al. (J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 33 (10), 2003, pp. 2093-2112) are consistent with excitation by optimal disturbances.
Clarkson-McLeod solutions of the fourth Painlevé equation and the parabolic cylinder-kernel determinant
Creators: name: Xia, Jun
name: Xu, Shuai-Xia
name: Zhao, Yu-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 30E15, 33E17, 34E05, 41A60

description: The Clarkson-McLeod solutions of the fourth Painlevé equation behave like $κD_{α-\frac{1}{2}}^2(\sqrt{2}x)$ as $x\rightarrow +\infty$, where $κ$ is some real constant and $D_{α-\frac{1}{2}}(x)$ is the parabolic cylinder function. Using the Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method, we derive the asymptotic behaviors for this class of solutions as $x\to-\infty$. This completes a proof of Clarkson and McLeod's conjecture on the asymptotics of this family of solutions. The total integrals of the Clarkson-McLeod solutions and the asymptotic approximations of the $σ$-form of this family of solutions are also derived. Furthermore, we find a determinantal representation of the $σ$-form of the Clarkson-McLeod solutions via an integrable operator with the parabolic cylinder kernel.
description: 52 pages, 11 figures
The Greek Energy-Land-Water Nexus
Creators: name: Karamaneas, Anastasios
name: Koutsellis, Themistoklis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CLEWs
Land
Water
Energy
EVs
Biofuels
Electricity generation
RES

description: This work aims to examine the impact of climate change mitigation policies on the Energy, Land, and Water nexus of Greece. This is achieved by setting a baseline scenario, as well as three additional scenarios. The first one assumes that the electricity generation sector becomes emissions-free by 2050 and the other two (based on the latter one) investigate how the transport sector can support the transition to a climate-neutral society by 2050. The first transport scenario examines if the full penetration of EVs by 2050 is feasible, whereas the other one examines if it is feasible to achieve significant penetration of vehicles that use the E85 biofuel. The carbon-free electricity scenario is feasible, as well as the full EV penetration scenario, requiring though, the installation of 15GW of additional RES power plants. On the other hand, the E85 biofuel scenario is not feasible if we aim to cover all biofuel demand with domestically produced biofuel crops since the available land for agriculture in Greece is not sufficient for the cultivation of such a significant amount of crops.
description: The IAM COMPACT project has received funding from the European Union's HORIZON EUROPE Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 101056306
Resumming double logarithms in the QCD evolution of color dipoles
Creators: name: Iancu, E.
name: Madrigal, J. D.
name: Mueller, A. H.
name: Soyez, G.
name: Triantafyllopoulos, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The higher-order perturbative corrections, beyond leading logarithmic accuracy, to the BFKL evolution in QCD at high energy are well known to suffer from a severe lack-of-convergence problem, due to radiative corrections enhanced by double collinear logarithms. Via an explicit calculation of Feynman graphs in light cone (time-ordered) perturbation theory, we show that the corrections enhanced by double logarithms (either energy-collinear, or double collinear) are associated with soft gluon emissions which are strictly ordered in lifetime. These corrections can be resummed to all orders by solving an evolution equation which is non-local in rapidity. This equation can be equivalently rewritten in local form, but with modified kernel and initial conditions, which resum double collinear logs to all orders. We extend this resummation to the next-to-leading order BFKL and BK equations. The first numerical studies of the collinearly-improved BK equation demonstrate the essential role of the resummation in both stabilizing and slowing down the evolution.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Optimization of the energy efficiency in Smart Internet of Vehicles assisted by MEC
Creators: name: Fu, Jiafei
name: Zhu, Pengcheng
name: Hua, Jingyu
name: Li, Jiamin
name: Wen, Jiangang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Smart Internet of Vehicles (IoV) as a promising application in Internet of Things (IoT) emerges with the development of the fifth generation mobile communication (5G). Nevertheless, the heterogeneous requirements of sufficient battery capacity, powerful computing ability and energy efficiency for electric vehicles face great challenges due to the explosive data growth in 5G and the sixth generation of mobile communication (6G) networks. In order to alleviate the deficiencies mentioned above, this paper proposes a mobile edge computing (MEC) enabled IoV system, in which electric vehicle nodes (eVNs) upload and download data through an anchor node (AN) which is integrated with a MEC server. Meanwhile, the anchor node transmitters radio signal to electric vehicles with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technology so as to compensate the battery limitation of eletric vehicles. Moreover, the spectrum efficiency is further improved by multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) and full-duplex (FD) technologies which is equipped at the anchor node. In consideration of the issues above, we maximize the average energy efficiency of electric vehicles by jointly optimize the CPU frequency, vehicle transmitting power, computing tasks and uplink rate. Since the problem is nonconvex, we propose a novel alternate interior-point iterative scheme (AIIS) under the constraints of computing tasks, energy consumption and time latency. Results and discussion section verifies the effectiveness of the proposed AIIS scheme comparing with the benchmark schemes.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process
The chemistry and spatial distribution of small hydrocarbons in UV-irradiated molecular clouds: the Orion Bar PDR
Creators: name: Cuadrado, S.
name: Goicoechea, J. R.
name: Pilleri, P.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Joblin, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spatial distribution and chemistry of small hydrocarbons in the Orion Bar PDR. We used the IRAM-30m telescope to carry out a millimetre line survey towards the Orion Bar edge, complemented with ~2'x2' maps of the C2H and c-C3H2 emission. We analyse the excitation of the detected hydrocarbons and constrain the physical conditions of the emitting regions with non-LTE radiative transfer models. We compare the inferred column densities with updated gas-phase photochemical models including 13CCH and C13CH isotopomer fractionation. ~40% of the lines in the survey arise from hydrocarbons (C2H, C4H, c-C3H2, c-C3H, C13CH, 13CCH, l-C3H and l-H2C3). We detect new lines from l-C3H+ and improve its rotational spectroscopic constants. Anions or deuterated hydrocarbons are not detected: [C2D]/[C2H]<0.2%, [C2H-]/[C2H]<0.007% and [C4H-]/[C4H]<0.05%. Our gas-phase models can reasonably match the observed column densities of most hydrocarbons (within factors <3). Since the observed spatial distribution of the C2H and c-C3H2 emission is similar but does not follow the PAH emission, we conclude that, in high UV-flux PDRs, photodestruction of PAHs is not a necessary requirement to explain the observed abundances of the smallest hydrocarbons. Instead, gas-phase endothermic reactions (or with barriers) between C+, radicals and H2 enhance the formation of simple hydrocarbons. Observations and models suggest that the [C2H]/[c-C3H2] ratio (~32 at the PDR edge) decreases with the UV field attenuation. The observed low cyclic-to-linear C3H column density ratio (<3) is consistent with a high electron abundance (Xe) PDR environment. In fact, the poorly constrained Xe gradient influences much of the hydrocarbon chemistry in the more UV-shielded gas. We propose that reactions of C2H isotopologues with 13C+ and H atoms can explain the observed [C13CH]/[13CCH]=1.4(0.1) fractionation level.
description: 30 pages, 23 figures, 15 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A (English edited, abstract abridged)
Mixing Efficiency in the Presence of Stratification: When Is It Constant?
Creators: name: Koseff, J.R.
name: Monismith, S.G.
name: White, B.L.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2018

description: The efficiency of the conversion of mechanical to potential energy, often expressed as the flux Richardson number, Rif, is an important determinant of vertical mixing in the ocean. To examine the dependence of Rif on the buoyancy Reynolds number, ReB, we analyze three sets of data: microstructure profiler data for which mixing is inferred from rates of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy (ε) and temperature variance (χ) measured in the open ocean, time series of spectrally fit values of ε and covariance-derived buoyancy fluxes measured in nearshore internal waves, and time series of spectrally fit values of ε and χ measured in an energetic estuarine flow. While profiler data are well represented by Rif ≈ 0.2 for 1 < ReB < 1,000, the covariance data have much larger values of ReB and, consistent with direct numerical simulation results, show that Rif ~ ReB −0.5. The estuarine data have values of ReB that fall between those of the other two data sets but also shows Rif ≈ 0.2 for ReB < 5000. Overall, these data suggest that Rif is in general not constant and may be substantially less than 0.2 when ReB is large, although the value at which the transition from constant to ReB-dependent mixing may depend on additional parameters that are yet to be determined. Nonetheless, for much of the ocean, ReB < 100 and so Rif is constant there.
Breakdown-limited endurance in HZO FeFETs: mechanism and improvement under bipolar stress
Creators: name: Toprasertpong, Kasidit
name: Takenaka, Mitsuru
name: Takagi, Shinichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Breakdown is one of main failure mechanisms that limit write endurance of ferroelectric devices using hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric materials. In this study, we investigate the gate current and breakdown characteristics of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/Si ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) by using carrier separation measurements to analyze electron and hole leakage currents during time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) tests. Rapidly increasing substrate hole currents and stress-induced leakage current (SILC)-like electron currents can be observed before the breakdown of the ferroelectric gate insulator of FeFETs. This apparent degradation under voltage stress is recovered and the time-to-breakdown is significantly improved by interrupting the TDDB test with gate voltage pulses with the opposite polarity, suggesting that defect redistribution, rather than defect generation, is responsible for the trigger of hard breakdown.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Study of carbon nanotube/cyanate ester composite materials dedicated to cryogenic storage vessels
Creators: name:  J. BOUILLONNEC
name:   M. PINAULT
name:   M. MAYNE-L-HERMITE
name:   K. MATHIS
name:   D. MIOT
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: STRUCTURES
MATERIALS
POLYMER
COMPOSITE

description: Recent trends in the spatial field require to use low-cost and lightweight space launchers. For that the replacement of dense metallic alloy cryogenic storage vessels (used for the propulsive takeoff and the payload orbital launch) by composite materials able to comply with performing mechanical, thermal, chemical, fire-resistant specifications is a promising pathway. In this study, both incorporation and effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) within a thermostable labo-grade cyanate ester matrix are investigated to determine the interest of CNT. Beforehand, CNT are synthesized with a CCVD process from liquid precursors [1]. Then two orientation setups are explored: the first one is an isotropic randomly dispersed CNT, and the second one consists in anisotropic vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT). An optimized blending process enabling to homogeneously disperse every CNT within the CE matrix from aqueous dispersion, and two CNT contents (0,5 vol. % and 1,0 vol. %) were chosen and implemented in sufficient quantities to elaborate small mechanical sample without any voids [2]. In parallel VACNT/CE anisotropic nanocomposite were obtained by directly infiltrating the same CE resin in the whole intertube space. Regarding the nancomposites, a two-step polymerization with slow heating rates was applied in order to ensure both a total polymerization and a thermal stability close to 300C: a curing at 200C under a dry nitrogen (N2) atmosphere, followed by a post-curing at 260C [3]. CNT reinforced composite structure was assessed by Raman spectroscopy and no effect of the process, neither the CNT orientation was identified. Mechanical tension and Charpy impact testing were carried out on CE matrix and randomly dispersed CNT/CE matrix nanocomposite at both room and cryogenic temperatures in realistic conditions. An increase of mechanical performance is measured, which evidence the positive role of CNT. Furthermore oxygen compatibility and flame resistance on CE matrix, randomly dispersed CNT/CE composite and vertically aligned CNT/CE composites were measured via a test bomb within gaseous oxygen atmosphere. It results in an improvement of self-ignition temperature value with the adding of dispersed CNT, contrary to aligned CNT which seems to have an invariant (raw CNT) or a detrimental effect (annealed ones). From these basic material, more complex structural materials have been explored from carbon fiber/cyanate ester laminates. The incorporation of aligned or randomly dispersed CNT according to several layouts was carried out and discussed.
The JUICE Mission to Jupiter and its Icy Moons
Creators: name:  G. SARRI
name:   O. WITASSE
name:   C. CAVEL
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: SPACE EXPLORATION
ISRU

description: JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) is the first large mission in the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme. The mission was selected in May 2012, and started its implementation phase July 2015. Planned for launch in April 2023 and arrival at Jupiter in July 2031, it will spend at least three and half years making detailed observations of Jupiter and three of its largest Galilean moons. The focus is to characterise the conditions that might have led to the emergence of habitable environments among the Jovian icy satellites, with special emphasis on the three worlds, Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto, likely hosting internal oceans. Ganymede, the largest moon in the Solar System, is identified as a high-priority target because it provides a natural laboratory for analysis of the nature, evolution and potential habitability of icy worlds and waterworlds in general. The mission also focuses on understanding the evolution and dynamics of the Jovian system and specifically the diversity of coupling processes and exchanges that are responsible for the changes in surface, ionospheric and exospheric environments on the moons. The paper addresses the key design drivers which shaped the form and functionality of the spacecraft: the limited power availability at Jupiter, the harsh thermal and radiation environment, the quest for maximum electromagnetic cleanliness, the imposing propulsion system and the need for high level of navigation autonomy. Moreover the design drivers associate to the integration, test and later in-orbit operation of the ten embarked instruments are summarised together with a global view of the mission strategy to reach Jupiter and to accomplish the observation of the moons. The global development history and the status at one year ahead of launch is presented as well.
A model for thin layer formation by delayed particle settling at sharp density gradients
Creators: name: White, B.L.
name: Prairie, J.C.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2017

description: Thin layers – regions where plankton or particles accumulate vertically on scales of a few meters or less – are common in coastal waters, and have important implications for both trophic dynamics and carbon cycling. These features can form by a variety of biological and physical mechanisms, including localized growth, shear-thinning, and directed swimming. An additional mechanism may result in the formation of thin layers of marine aggregates, which have been shown to decrease their settling velocity when passing through sharp density gradients, a behavior termed delayed settling. Here, we apply a simple vertical advection-diffusion model to predict the properties of aggregate thin layers formed by this process. We assume a constant vertical flux of particles from the surface, which is parameterized by observations from laboratory experiments with marine aggregates. The formation, maintenance, and shape of the layers are described in relation to non-dimensional numbers that depend on environmental conditions and particle settling properties. In particular, model results demonstrate layer intensity and sharpness both increase with higher Péclet number (Pe), that is, under conditions with weaker mixing relative to layer formation. Similarly, more intense and sharper layers are found when the delayed settling behavior of aggregates is characterized by a lower velocity minimum. The model also predicts layers that are vertically asymmetric and highly “peaky” when compared with a Gaussian distribution, features often seen in thin layers in natural environments. Lastly, by comparing model predictions with observations of thin layers in the field, we are able to gain some insight into the applicability of delayed settling as a thin layer formation mechanism in different environmental conditions.
CALLISTO A safety demonstration of future reusable launcher stages from CSG
Creators: name:  P. MEZARD
name:   N. CESCO
name:   N. PRALY
name:   D. MONCHAUX
name:   T. CLAUZON
name:   J. DESMARIAUX
name:   P. TATIOSSIAN
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: REUSABLE SYSTEMS
SPACE ACCESS
CALLISTO

description: The CALLISTO vehicle is a flight demonstrator for future reusable launcher stages. The program involves three countries and their space organizations: CNES for France, DLR for Germany and JAXA for Japan. The first tests will be conducted in 2024 from the CSG, Europe\'s Spaceport for commercial launches. The challenge is to develop, all along the project, the skills of the partners. This know-how includes Products and Vehicle design, Ground Segment set up, and post-flight operations for Vehicle recovery then reuse. It is a unique opportunity to demonstrate that a launcher stage can be flown with a Return-To-Landing-Site trajectory, recovered and reused from the CSG in compliance with state-of-the-art safety regulations. From Ground-based operations safety perspective, as the Vehicle is integrated and tested up to hot firing tests in Noshiro test Center (NTC), a Design-to-safety approach has been established so that the Vehicle design copes with both Japanese and French safety standards. This led to compare and to customize JAXA and CNES safety practices and to set cost effective solutions adapted to the programmatic constraints and the heritage of NTC and CSG test facilities. In particular, remotely controlled capabilities via robot have been introduced for managing safety-critical operations at Landing Pad in CSG. From Flight safety perspective, CALLISTO vehicle flight test campaign is built around an incremental opening of flight domain, from Low Altitude hops to High Energy flights featuring Drag-Landing-Point manoeuvre and transonic re-entry. Compared to expendable launchers, the Vehicle neutralization strategy has to be tailored in accordance with the flight phases -ascent, high altitude manoeuvre and re-entry-. As such, Flight Safety Corridors have been specified as constraints for the GNC so that the Vehicle remains within safe cinematic limits. This provides a clear framework for the performances of the two Flight Software developed in parallel by CNES and JAXA/DLR. Besides, CALLISTO is also a chance to develop a Flight Termination System embedding innovations to enhance safety and cut costs. These novelties deal with GNSS-based localization, small-sized Smart Detonators and extensive use of COTS. Aim of this paper is to detail how CALLISTO team tackles these challenges and opportunities, paving the way for future reusable launcher stages to be operated from French Guiana.
Thermodynamics of the BMN matrix model at strong coupling
Creators: name: Costa, Miguel S.
name: Greenspan, Lauren
name: Penedones, Joao
name: Santos, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the black hole geometry dual to the deconfined phase of the BMN matrix model at strong 't Hooft coupling. We approach this solution from the limit of large temperature where it is approximately that of the non-extremal D0-brane geometry with a spherical $S^8$ horizon. This geometry preserves the $SO(9)$ symmetry of the matrix model trivial vacuum. As the temperature decreases the horizon becomes deformed and breaks the $SO(9)$ to the $SO(6)\times SO(3)$ symmetry of the matrix model. When the black hole free energy crosses zero the system undergoes a phase transition to the confined phase described by a Lin-Maldacena geometry. We determine this critical temperature, whose computation is also within reach of Monte Carlo simulations of the matrix model.
description: 28+7 pages, 9 figures
Optimal mixing of buoyant jets and plumes in stratified fluids: Theory and experiments
Creators: name: Walsh, J.
name: Mertens, K.
name: McLaughlin, R.M.
name: Lin, Z.
name: White, B.
name: Tzou, C.
name: Camassa, R.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2016

description: The influence of ambient fluid stratification on buoyant miscible jets and plumes is studied theoretically and experimentally. Given a fixed set of jet/plume parameters, and an ambient fluid stratification sandwiched between top and bottom homogeneous densities, a theoretical criterion is identified to show how step-like density profiles constitute the most effective mixers within a broad class of stable density transitions. This is assessed both analytically and experimentally, respectively by establishing rigorous a priori estimates on generalized Morton-Taylor-Turner (MTT) models (Morton et al., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 234, 1956, pp. 1-23; Fischer et al., Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters. Academic, 1979), and by studying a critical phenomenon determined by the distance between the jet/plume release height with respect to the depth of the ambient density transition. For fluid released sufficiently close to the background density transition, the buoyant jet fluid escapes and rises indefinitely. For fluid released at locations lower than a critical depth, the buoyant fluid stops rising and is trapped indefinitely. A mathematical formulation providing rigorous estimates on MTT models is developed along with nonlinear jump conditions and an exact critical-depth formula that is in good quantitative agreement with the experiments. Our mathematical analysis provides rigorous justification for the critical trapping/escaping criteria, first presented in Caulfield & Woods (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 360, 1998, pp. 229-248), within a class of algebraic density decay rates. Further, the step-like background stratification is shown to be the most efficient mixing profile amongst a broad family of stably stratified profiles sharing the same density transition within a fixed distance. Finally, the analysis uncovers surprising differences between the Gaussian and top-hat profile closures concerning initial mixing of the jet and ambient fluid.
A vortex-based model of velocity and shear stress in a partially vegetated shallow channel
Creators: name: White, B.L.
name:  Nepf, H.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This paper presents a method for predicting the distributions of velocity and shear stress in shallow channels with a boundary of emergent vegetation. Experiments in a laboratory channel with model vegetation show that the velocity profile exhibits a distinct two-layer structure, consisting of a rapidly varying shear layer across the vegetation interface and a more gradual boundary layer in the main channel. In addition, coherent vortices are observed which span both layers, and are the dominant contributors to lateral momentum fluxes. From these observations, we propose a model for the vortex-induced exchange and find expressions for the width of momentum penetration into the vegetation, the velocity and shear stress at the vegetation edge, and the width of the boundary layer in the main channel. These variables, along with a momentum balance in the main channel, comprise a modeling framework which accurately reproduces the observed velocity and shear stress distributions. The predictions for the velocity and shear stress can provide a basis for modeling flood conveyance, overbank sediment transport, and scalar residence time in the vegetated layer.
On the continuous resonant equation for NLS: II. Statistical study
Creators: name: Germain, Pierre
name: Hani, Zaher
name: Thomann, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the continuous resonant (CR) system of the 2D cubic nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger (NLS) equation. This system arises in numerous instances as an effective equation for the long-time dynamics of NLS in confined regimes (e.g. on a compact domain or with a trapping potential). The system was derived and studied from a deterministic viewpoint in several earlier works, which uncovered many of its striking properties. This manuscript is devoted to a probabilistic study of this system. Most notably, we construct global solutions in negative Sobolev spaces, which leave Gibbs and white noise measures invariant. Invariance of white noise measure seems particularly interesting in view of the absence of similar results for NLS.
description: 23 pages
Detecting bit-flip errors in a logical qubit using stabilizer measurements
Creators: name: Ristè, D.
name: Poletto, S.
name: Huang, M. -Z.
name: Bruno, A.
name: Vesterinen, V.
name: Saira, O. -P.
name: DiCarlo, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum data is susceptible to decoherence induced by the environment and to errors in the hardware processing it. A future fault-tolerant quantum computer will use quantum error correction (QEC) to actively protect against both. In the smallest QEC codes, the information in one logical qubit is encoded in a two-dimensional subspace of a larger Hilbert space of multiple physical qubits. For each code, a set of non-demolition multi-qubit measurements, termed stabilizers, can discretize and signal physical qubit errors without collapsing the encoded information. Experimental demonstrations of QEC to date, using nuclear magnetic resonance, trapped ions, photons, superconducting qubits, and NV centers in diamond, have circumvented stabilizers at the cost of decoding at the end of a QEC cycle. This decoding leaves the quantum information vulnerable to physical qubit errors until re-encoding, violating a basic requirement for fault tolerance. Using a five-qubit superconducting processor, we realize the two parity measurements comprising the stabilizers of the three-qubit repetition code protecting one logical qubit from physical bit-flip errors. We construct these stabilizers as parallelized indirect measurements using ancillary qubits, and evidence their non-demolition character by generating three-qubit entanglement from superposition states. We demonstrate stabilizer-based quantum error detection (QED) by subjecting a logical qubit to coherent and incoherent bit-flip errors on its constituent physical qubits. While increased physical qubit coherence times and shorter QED blocks are required to actively safeguard quantum information, this demonstration is a critical step toward larger codes based on multiple parity measurements.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 10 supplementary figures
Additional file 2 of Upper limb intention tremor assessment: opportunities and challenges in wearable technology
Creators: name: Paredes-Acuna, Natalia
name: Utpadel-Fischler, Daniel
name: Ding, Keqin
name: Thakor, Nitish V.
name: Cheng, Gordon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2. PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews. This checklist structures the reporting items of our scoping review by providing the page number where each section can be found.
Retention time and dispersion associated with submerged aquatic canopies
Creators: name: White, B.
name: Ghisalberti, M.
name: Nepf, H.
name: Murphy, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: [1] The shear layer at the top of a submerged canopy generates coherent vortices that control exchange between the canopy and the overflowing water. Unlike free shear layers, the vortices in a canopy shear layer do not grow continuously downstream but reach and maintain a finite scale determined by a balance between shear production and canopy dissipation. This balance defines the length scale of vortex penetration into the canopy, δe, and the region of rapid exchange between the canopy and overflow. Deeper within the canopy, transport is constrained by smaller turbulence scales. A two-box canopy model is proposed on the basis of the length scale δe. Using diffusivity and exchange rates defined in previous studies, the model predicts the timescale required to flush the canopy through vertical exchange over a range of canopy density and height. The predicted canopy retention times, which range from minutes to an hour, are consistent with canopy retention inferred from tracer observations in the field and comparable to retention times for some hyporheic regions. The timescale for vertical exchange, along with the in-canopy velocity, determines the minimum canopy length for which vertical exchange dominates water renewal. Shorter canopies renew interior water through longitudinal advection. Finally, canopy water retention influences longitudinal dispersion through a transient storage process. When vertical exchange controls canopy retention, the transient storage dispersion increases with canopy height. When longitudinal advection controls water renewal, dispersion increases with canopy patch length.
Development of Inflatable Heat Shield Technology for Re-Entry Systems in EFESTO project
Creators: name:  I. DIETLEIN
name:   G. GUIDOTTI
name:   I. PONTIJAS FUENTES
name:   F. TROVARELLI
name:   T. SCHLEUTKER
name:   S. CALLSEN
name:   K. BERGMANN
name:   J. VERANT
name:   C. JULIEN
name:   R. GARDI
name:   G. GAMBACCIANI
name:   G. GOVERNALE
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: SYSTEM INTEGRATION
SPACE

description: Abstract The EFESTO project is funded by the European Union H2020 program. The purpose is to enhance European capabilities in designing Inflatable Heat Shields for re-entry vehicles. This technology enables increasing the spectrum of space-based applications. The use of inflatable heat shields for Mars exploration and for Earth re-entry of a launcher upper-stage for later reuse were selected to show the performance of this technology but, above all, for providing representative study cases for the design of inflatable heat shields trained at tangible applications. In the first part of the project, the work focused on the system design of both study cases. This work yielded an inflatable heat shield design that shows a reduced complexity in geometry compared to the initial design and is scalable for other applications. Several stacks of material layers for the Flexible Thermal Protection System (FTPS) were traded against each other before selecting one reference definition for the consecutive project phases. An intense test activity followed this phase. Part of the tests served for verifying the thermal performances of the F-TPS under relevant aerothermal environment using the plasma wind tunnel test infrastructure available within the consortium. In addition, a high-fidelity inflatable structure ground demonstrator was manufactured. This demonstrator served to consolidate the mechanical characterization of the inflatable system. This testing activity provided the data used for numerical cross-correlation and experimental-numerical rebuilding. Eventually, computational folding analysis completed the numerical activity during this project phase. The final project phase is dedicated to the preliminary design of an in-orbit demonstration mission for the technology and design of the technology development roadmap. This potential future In-Orbit Demonstrator (IOD) shall provide knowledge of the system performance while evolving in a relevant environment. This will provide in-flight verification and validation of the developed inflatable heat shield technology. This paper gives a thorough overview of the entire project covering all key phases: programmatic considerations, use-cases investigation, mission scenarios definition and analysis, system engineering, sub-system design, technology development and ground demonstration, future roadmap identification and the IOD preliminary system definition. This project has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 821801.