cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The ACS LCID Project: Variable Stars in Tucana and LGS3
Creators: name: Bernard, Edouard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results concerning the search for short-period variable stars in Tucana and LGS3 based on very deep HST/ACS imaging. In the one chip per galaxy we studied so far, a total of 230 and 80 candidates variables were found, respectively. For Tucana, we identified 134 of them as RR Lyrae stars (RRL) pulsating in the fundamental mode (RRab), 51 in the first-overtone mode (RRc), and 37 in both modes simultaneoulsy (RRd), as well as four candidate anomalous Cepheids (AC). In the case of LGS3, we found 45 RRab and 5 RRc, plus three candidates RRd and five candidate AC. The metallicities obtained from the mean period of the RRab are [Fe/H]_{Tuc}=-1.7 and [Fe/H]_{LGS3}=-1.8.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure. To appear in the Proceedings of IAU Symposium 241: "Stellar Populations as Building Blocks of Galaxies", 10-16 December, 2006 at La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
High-energy hadron physics at J-PARC
Creators: name: Kumano, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The J-PARC facility is near completion and experiments will start in 2009 on nuclear and particle physics projects. In this article, the J-PARC facility is introduced, and possible projects are discussed in high-energy hadron physics by using the primary proton beam of 30-50 GeV. There are proposed experiments on charm-production and Drell-Yan processes as well as single spin asymmetries for investigating quark and gluon structure of the nucleon and nuclei. Parton-energy loss could be studied in the Drell-Yan processes. There is also a proposal on hadron-mass modifications in a nuclear medium by using the proton beam. In addition, possible topics include transition from hadron to quark degrees of freedom by elastic pp scattering, color transparency by (p,2p), short-range correlation in nuclear force by (p,2pN), tensor structure functions for spin-one hadrons, fragmentation functions, and generalized parton distributions in the ERBL region although proposals are not written on these projects. If proton-beam polarization is attained, it is possible to investigate details of nucleon spin structure. In the last part of this article, our own studies are explained on parton distribution functions in connection with the J-PARC projects.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX, 6 eps files, to be published in AIP Conference Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, May 12-16, 2008
Additional file 1 of Drone versus ambulance for blood products transportation: an economic evaluation study
Creators: name: Zailani, M. A.
name: Azma, R. Z.
name: Aniza, I.
name: Rahana, A. R.
name: Ismail, M. S.
name: Shahnaz, I. S.
name: Chan, K. S.
name: Jamaludin, M.
name: Mahdy, Z. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 : Supplementary material A. Activity Based Costing (ABC) form for ambulance. Supplementary material B. Activity Based Costing (ABC) form for drone.
Verschraenkung versus Stosszahlansatz: Disappearance of the Thermodynamic Arrow in a High-Correlation Environment
Creators: name: Partovi, M. Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crucial role of ambient correlations in determining thermodynamic behavior is established. A class of entangled states of two macroscopic systems is constructed such that each component is in a state of thermal equilibrium at a given temperature, and when the two are allowed to interact heat can flow from the colder to the hotter system. A dilute gas model exhibiting this behavior is presented. This reversal of the thermodynamic arrow is a consequence of the entanglement between the two systems, a condition that is opposite to molecular chaos and shown to be unlikely in a low-entropy environment. By contrast, the second law is established by proving Clausius' inequality in a low-entropy environment. These general results strongly support the expectation, first expressed by Boltzmann and subsequently elaborated by others, that the second law is an emergent phenomenon that requires a low-entropy cosmological environment, one that can effectively function as an ideal information sink.
description: 4 pages, REVTeX 4
The Age-Metallicity-Specific Orbital Energy Relation for the Milky Way's Globular Cluster System Confirms the Importance of Accretion for Its Formation
Creators: name: Woody, Turner
name: Schlaufman, Kevin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters can form inside their host galaxies at high redshift when gas densities were higher and gas-rich mergers were common. They can also form inside lower-mass galaxies that have since been accreted and tidally disrupted, leaving their globular cluster complement bound to higher-mass halos. We argue that the age-metallicity-specific orbital energy relation in a galaxy's globular cluster system can be used to identify its origin. Gas-rich mergers should produce tightly bound systems in which metal-rich clusters are younger than metal-poor clusters. Globular clusters formed in massive disks and then scattered into a halo should have no relationship between age and specific orbital energy. Accreted globular clusters should produce weakly bound systems in which age and metallicity are correlated with each other but inversely correlated with specific orbital energy. We use precise relative ages, self-consistent metallicities, and space-based proper motion-informed orbits to show that the Milky Way's metal-poor globular cluster system lies in a plane in age-metallicity-specific orbital energy space. We find that relatively young or metal-poor globular clusters are weakly bound to the Milky Way, while relatively old or metal-rich globular clusters are tightly bound to the Galaxy. While metal-rich globular clusters may be formed either in situ or ex situ, our results suggest that metal-poor clusters formed outside of the Milky Way in now-disrupted dwarf galaxies. We predict that this relationship between age, metallicity, and specific orbital energy in a $L^{*}$ galaxy's globular cluster system is a natural outcome of galaxy formation in a $Λ$CDM universe.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, and 5 tables in aastex63 format; accepted for publication in AJ
Super-Poissonian Shot Noise as a Measure of Dephasing in Closed Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Fleurov, Daria
name: Eisenberg, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron-electron interactions play a major role in determining the low-temperature rate of phase loss of electrons in mesoscopic systems. The study of the dephasing rate is expected to contribute to the understanding of the many-body nature of such systems. Closed quantum dots are of special interest in this respect, due to theoretical predictions suggesting a possible transition temperature below which the dephasing rate vanishes. This prediction has attracted much attention, since closed quantum dots are prime candidates for storage units in quantum computers, and thus their phase coherence properties are of great importance. However, an effective method for measuring the dephasing rate within a closed quantum dot is still lacking. Here we study two-level systems and show that the Fano factor has a sharp peak as a function of the chemical potential, the location of which can be simply related to the dephasing rate. We thus suggest to use the properties of the Fano factor peak in the super-Poissonian regime as a probe for the dephasing rate.
description: 5 pages 4 figures, submitted to prb
Modified Teleparallel Gravity induced by quantum fluctuations
Creators: name: Chen, Che-Yu
name: Kung, Yu-Hsien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the semi-classical regime, quantum fluctuations embedded in a Riemannian spacetime can be effectively recast as classical back reactions and manifest themselves in the form of non-minimal couplings between matter and curvature. In this work, we exhibit that this semi-classical description can also be applied within the teleparallel formulation. In the teleparallel formulation, quantum fluctuations generically lead to non-minimal torsion-matter couplings. Due to the equivalence between the (classical) Einstein gravity in the Riemannian description and that in teleparallel description, some effective models which were constructed using Riemannian description can be reproduced completely using the teleparallel description. Besides, when the effective quantum correction term is proportional to the torsion scalar $T$, we obtain a subclass of novel $f(T,B,\mathcal{T})$ gravity, where $B$ is a boundary term, and $\mathcal{T}$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Next, we investigate the cosmological properties in this $f(T,B,\mathcal{T})$ theory by assuming that the matter Lagrangian is solely constructed by a dynamical scalar field. We exhibit some interesting cosmological solutions, such as those with decelerating expansion followed by a late-time accelerating phase. In addition, the non-minimal torsion-matter couplings induced by quantum corrections naturally lead to energy transfers between gravity and cosmological fluids in the universe.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Updated to match the published version
From formal proofs to mathematical proofs: a safe, incremental way for building in first-order decision procedures
Creators: name: Blanqui, Frédéric
name: Jouannaud, Jean-Pierre
name: Strub, Pierre-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate here a new version of the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC) on which the proof assistant Coq is based: the Calculus of Congruent Inductive Constructions, which truly extends CIC by building in arbitrary first-order decision procedures: deduction is still in charge of the CIC kernel, while computation is outsourced to dedicated first-order decision procedures that can be taken from the shelves provided they deliver a proof certificate. The soundness of the whole system becomes an incremental property following from the soundness of the certificate checkers and that of the kernel. A detailed example shows that the resulting style of proofs becomes closer to that of the working mathematician.
Chandra Observations of Excess Fe K$α$ Line Emission in Galaxies with High Star Formation Rates: X-ray Reflection on Galaxy Scales?
Creators: name: Yan, Wei
name: Hickox, Ryan C.
name: Chen, Chien-Ting J.
name: Ricci, Claudio
name: Masini, Alberto
name: Bauer, Franz E.
name: Alexander, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In active galactic nuclei (AGN), fluorescent Fe K$α$ (iron) line emission is generally interpreted as originating from obscuring material around a supermassive black hole (SMBH) on the scale of a few parsecs (pc). However, recent Chandra studies indicate the existence of iron line emission extending to kpc scales in the host galaxy. The connection between iron line emission and large-scale material can be spatially resolved directly only in nearby galaxies, but could be inferred in more distant AGNs by a connection between line emission and star-forming gas and dust that is more extended than the pc-scale torus. Here we present the results from a stacking analysis and X-ray spectral fitting performed on sources in the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) 7 Ms observations. From the deep stacked spectra, we select sources with stellar mass $\log(M_*/M_\odot)>10$ at $0.5
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted by ApJ
title: Evaluation of optimised groyne designs in response to long-period ship wave loads at Juelssand in the Lower Elbe Estuary
Creators: name: Melling, Gregor
name: Jansch, Hanne
name: Kondziella, Bernhard
name: Uliczka, Klemens
name: Gätje, Bettina
Publisher: name: German Coastal Engineering Research Council (KFKI)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Natural sciences
subject: Küsteningenieurwesen
subject: rock groyne
subject: recessed groyne
subject: ship wave
subject: long-period wave

description: In the past 15 years, increased severity of damages to rock structures such as groynes, training walls and revetments have been observed across the major German estuaries. Investigations into the cause of the damages concluded that structure deterioration could be attributed to long-period primary ship wave loading. Owing to changes in the shipping fleet, in particular the ever-increasing dimensions of container vessels, the intensity of ship-induced loads has increased significantly. As a result, existing rock structures are, in certain parts, under-dimensioned for the presently prevalent load intensities. To evaluate the performance of two new groyne designs, optimised with a view to increase structure resistance to long-period wave loads, a prototype study was undertaken. Two groynes in the tidal Lower Elbe were rebuilt, one with a large-radius root and one with a recessed root. During the field experiment the incident ship-induced wave loading and the armour layer deformation was recorded. The field experiment and some fundamental findings with regard to the wave-structure-interaction at prototype scale and the performance of the optimised groyne designs are documented here. Furthermore, insights into mitigation measures are given, based on analyses of the collected data.
description: Über die vergangenen 15 Jahre wurden in deutschen Ästuaren zunehmend Schäden an Schüttsteinbauwerken beobachtet. Als Ursache konnte die langperiodische Schiffswellenbelastung ausgemacht werden, die aufgrund der zunehmenden Schiffsgröße in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich stärker wirkt. Als Folge sind (Ufer-)Bauwerke mancherorts für die vorherrschenden Belastungsintensitäten unterdimensioniert. Im Rahmen einer Pilotstudie wurden zwei, hinsichtlich der Stabilität der Deckschicht optimierte, Buhnenkonstruktionen untersucht. Dabei wurden zwei Buhnen in der tidebeeinflussten Unteren Elbe neu aufgebaut, eine Buhne mit ausgerundeter Wurzel und eine mit hinterströmten Bereich. Während des Feldversuchs wurden die auflaufenden schiffsbedingten Belastungen und die Entwicklung der Buhnendeckschicht aufgezeichnet. Die Durchführung des Feldversuchs sowie einige grundlegende Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Schiffswellen-Struktur-Interaktion im Naturmaßstab und die Eigenschaften der optimierten Buhnenkonstruktionen werden hier dokumentiert. Des Weiteren werden, basierend auf Auswertungen der erhobenen Daten, Hinweise hinsichtlich der Möglichkeiten zur Reduzierung von Schäden an Schüttsteinbuhnen gegeben.
description: Buhne, hinterströmte Buhne, Schiffswelle, lang-periodische Welle, Wellen-Struktur-Interaktion, Überströmen, Juelssand, Tideelbe
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Observations of the Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-56) with APEX-SZ
Creators: name: Halverson, N. W.
name: Lanting, T.
name: Ade, P. A. R.
name: Basu, K.
name: Bender, A. N.
name: Benson, B. A.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Cho, H. -M.
name: Chon, G.
name: Clarke, J.
name: Dobbs, M.
name: Ferrusca, D.
name: Guesten, R.
name: Holzapfel, W. L.
name: Kovacs, A.
name: Kennedy, J.
name: Kermish, Z.
name: Kneissl, R.
name: Lee, A. T.
name: Lueker, M.
name: Mehl, J.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Muders, D.
name: Nord, M.
name: Pacaud, F.
name: Plagge, T.
name: Reichardt, C.
name: Richards, P. L.
name: Schaaf, R.
name: Schilke, P.
name: Schuller, F.
name: Schwan, D.
name: Spieler, H.
name: Tucker, C.
name: Weiss, A.
name: Zahn, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) in the Bullet cluster (1E 0657--56) using the APEX-SZ instrument at 150 GHz with a resolution of 1 arcmin. The main results are maps of the SZE in this massive, merging galaxy cluster. The cluster is detected with 23 sigma significance within the central 1 arcmin radius of the source position. The SZE map has a broadly similar morphology to that in existing X-ray maps of this system, and we find no evidence for significant contamination of the SZE emission by radio or IR sources. In order to make simple quantitative comparisons with cluster gas models derived from X-ray observations, we fit our data to an isothermal elliptical beta model, despite the inadequacy of such a model for this complex merging system. With an X-ray derived prior on the power-law index, beta = 1.04 +0.16 -0.10, we find a core radius r_c =142 +/- 18 arcsec, an axial ratio of 0.889 +/- 0.072, and a central temperature decrement of -771 +/- 71 micro-K_CMB, including a +/-5.5% flux calibration uncertainty. Combining the APEX-SZ map with a map of projected electron surface density from Chandra X-ray observations, we determine the mass-weighted temperature of the cluster gas to be T_mg=10.8 +/- 0.9 keV, significantly lower than some previously reported X-ray spectroscopic temperatures. Under the assumption of an isothermal cluster gas distribution in hydrostatic equilibrium, we compute the gas mass fraction for prolate and oblate spheroidal geometries and find it to be consistent with previous results from X-ray and weak lensing observations. This work is the first result from the APEX-SZ experiment, and represents the first reported scientific result from observations with a large array of multiplexed superconducting transition-edge sensor bolometers.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Changes in v2: Modified in response to referee comments. Also, improvements in the analysis pipeline and flux calibration result in modification of the maps and model fit parameters. Calibration section and X-ray comparison sections are significantly modified
Interactive Visual Pattern Search on Graph Data via Graph Representation Learning
Creators: name: Song, Huan
name: Dai, Zeng
name: Xu, Panpan
name: Ren, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graphs are a ubiquitous data structure to model processes and relations in a wide range of domains. Examples include control-flow graphs in programs and semantic scene graphs in images. Identifying subgraph patterns in graphs is an important approach to understanding their structural properties. We propose a visual analytics system GraphQ to support human-in-the-loop, example-based, subgraph pattern search in a database containing many individual graphs. To support fast, interactive queries, we use graph neural networks (GNNs) to encode a graph as fixed-length latent vector representation, and perform subgraph matching in the latent space. Due to the complexity of the problem, it is still difficult to obtain accurate one-to-one node correspondences in the matching results that are crucial for visualization and interpretation. We, therefore, propose a novel GNN for node-alignment called NeuroAlign, to facilitate easy validation and interpretation of the query results. GraphQ provides a visual query interface with a query editor and a multi-scale visualization of the results, as well as a user feedback mechanism for refining the results with additional constraints. We demonstrate GraphQ through two example usage scenarios: analyzing reusable subroutines in program workflows and semantic scene graph search in images. Quantitative experiments show that NeuroAlign achieves 19-29% improvement in node-alignment accuracy compared to baseline GNN and provides up to 100x speedup compared to combinatorial algorithms. Our qualitative study with domain experts confirms the effectiveness for both usage scenarios.
description: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Published version: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9552902
Superconductor-insulator transition in Coulomb disorder
Creators: name: Shklovskii, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductor-insulator transition driven by the decreasing concentration of electrons $n$ is studied in the case of the disorder potential created by randomly positioned charged impurities. Electrons and Cooper pairs (formed by an non-Coulomb attraction) nonlinearly screen the random potential of impurities. Both electrons and Cooper pairs can be delocalized or localized in the resulting self-consistent potential. The border separating the superconductor and insulator phases in the plane of the concentration of electrons and the length of the Cooper pair is found. For a strong disorder the central segment of this border follows the BEC-BCS crossover line defined for a clean sample.
description: 4.5 pages, introduction rewritten, a dozen of references added, 2D case added
Graph and Network Theory for the analysis of Criminal Networks
Creators: name: Cavallaro, Lucia
name: Bagdasar, Ovidiu
name: De Meo, Pasquale
name: Fiumara, Giacomo
name: Liotta, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social Network Analysis is the use of Network and Graph Theory to study social phenomena, which was found to be highly relevant in areas like Criminology. This chapter provides an overview of key methods and tools that may be used for the analysis of criminal networks, which are presented in a real-world case study. Starting from available juridical acts, we have extracted data on the interactions among suspects within two Sicilian Mafia clans, obtaining two weighted undirected graphs. Then, we have investigated the roles of these weights on the criminal network's properties, focusing on two key features: weight distribution and shortest path length. We also present an experiment that aims to construct an artificial network that mirrors criminal behaviours. To this end, we have conducted a comparative degree distribution analysis between the real criminal networks, using some of the most popular artificial network models: Watts-Strogatz, Erdős-Rényi, and Barabási-Albert, with some topology variations. This chapter will be a valuable tool for researchers who wish to employ social network analysis within their own area of interest.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. In: Data Science and Internet of Things. Springer, Cham. (2021)
Topics in Information Dissemination, Network Fortification and Extremal Structures
Creators: name: Chen, Da Qi
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10105 Group Theory and Generalisations
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10303 Optimisation

description: This thesis considers several problems in Combinatorial Optimization and Extremal Graph theory. In Combinatorial Optimization, the goal is to find efficient algorithms or near-optimal approximations of natural questions in networks. In Extremal Graph Theory, the objective is often determining the extremal graphs that maximizes/minimizes some specific subgraph while obeying certain local structural constraints. In Chapter 2, we propose and study a new model of disseminating information from a root called the Vector Clock Model. We provide several near-optimal approximation schedules that best distribute newly-formed information to all nodes in the graph. Chapter 3 contains interdiction problems where an attacker with a limited budget wish to destroy the edge-connectivity of a graph as much as possible. We introduce a generalization called Vertex Downgrading and provides bicriteria approximations for this provably-hard-to-approximate problem. The goal of the problems in Chapter 4 is to increase the weight of individual edges in a graph in order to maximize the increase of the weight of a Minimum Spanning Tree. We provide a constant approximation to a unit discrete model and provides a correction to a solution provided by Frederickson and Solis-Oba in [45] for the continuous model. In Chapter 5 and 6, we study generalized Tur´an problems where the obajective is to maximize the number of cliques of a certain size given the graph has a fixed number of vertices (or edges) and does not contain a specific subgraph (such as a star of a fixed size or paths/cycles of a certain length). We provide the complete characterization of the extremal graphs to these questions. Lastly, in Chapter 7, we investigate a bipartite saturation problem that was first studied over fifty years ago. We confirm a conjecture by Moshkovitz and Shapira for a special case, with the classification of the extremal graphs. We also improve the estimates of Gan, Kor´andi, and Sudakov for the general problem..
A General Method For Automatic Discovery of Powerful Interactions In Click-Through Rate Prediction
Creators: name: Meng, Ze
name: Zhang, Jinnian
name: Li, Yumeng
name: Li, Jiancheng
name: Zhu, Tanchao
name: Sun, Lifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modeling powerful interactions is a critical challenge in Click-through rate (CTR) prediction, which is one of the most typical machine learning tasks in personalized advertising and recommender systems. Although developing hand-crafted interactions is effective for a small number of datasets, it generally requires laborious and tedious architecture engineering for extensive scenarios. In recent years, several neural architecture search (NAS) methods have been proposed for designing interactions automatically. However, existing methods only explore limited types and connections of operators for interaction generation, leading to low generalization ability. To address these problems, we propose a more general automated method for building powerful interactions named AutoPI. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: AutoPI adopts a more general search space in which the computational graph is generalized from existing network connections, and the interactive operators in the edges of the graph are extracted from representative hand-crafted works. It allows searching for various powerful feature interactions to produce higher AUC and lower Logloss in a wide variety of applications. Besides, AutoPI utilizes a gradient-based search strategy for exploration with a significantly low computational cost. Experimentally, we evaluate AutoPI on a diverse suite of benchmark datasets, demonstrating the generalizability and efficiency of AutoPI over hand-crafted architectures and state-of-the-art NAS algorithms.
description: Accepted by ACM SIGIR 2021
Physics Revealed at Intermediate p_T
Creators: name: Hwa, Rudolph C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A review is given on the subject of hadron production at intermediate $p_T$ in heavy-ion collisions. The underlying dynamical processes are inferred from interpreting the data in the framework of recombination. Ridge formation with or without triggers is found to play an important role in nearly all observables in that $p_T$ region. Correlation data would be hard to interpret without taking ridges into account. The semi-hard partons that create the ridges may even be able to drive elliptic flow without fast thermalization.
description: 8 pages, plenary talk given at Quark Matter 2008, Jaipur, India
Second-order effects on the hyperfine structure of $P$ states of alkali-metal atoms
Creators: name: Beloy, K.
name: Derevianko, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze second-order $M1$-$M1$ and $M1$-$E2$ effects to the hyperfine structure (HFS) of the lowest energy $P$ states of alkali-metal atoms arising from the coupling of the two ($J=1/2,3/2$) fine-structure levels through the hyperfine interaction. We find these effects to be especially sizable in Li, leading to a $9σ$ correction to the most accurate reported experimental value of the $A(P_{1/2})$ HFS constant of $^7$Li [D. Das and V. Natarajan, J. Phys. B \textbf{41}, 035001 (2008)]. For the remaining alkali-metal systems, the results tabulated within may be referenced as higher precision is sought in experimental determination of the HFS constants.
k_prior.csv
Creators: name: Bogaard, Amy
Publisher: name: National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Global database
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84252/global-database
subject: Holocene
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/30/holocene
subject: Holocene
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/528/holocene
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Building Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/8/building-materials
subject: Household Archaeology
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134855/household-archaeology
subject: Ancient settlements and cities
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/155813/ancient-settlements-and-cities
subject: Residence size
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/171115/residence-size
subject: Architectural Documentation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/16/architectural-documentation
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Remote Sensing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/22/remote-sensing
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey
subject: Geophysical Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/23/geophysical-survey
subject: Systematic Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/12/systematic-survey

description: Supplementary data file needed to reproduce results in Bogaard, Amy et al. (2025) Labor, Land and the Global Dynamics of Inequality. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2024-00694. This .txt. file should be converted back to a .csv file prior to use.
Additional file 3 of Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data
Creators: name: Shepherd, Harry E. R.
name: Atherden, Florence S.
name: Chan, Ho Man Theophilus
name: Loveridge, Alexandra
name: Tatem, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 3. Supplementary methods, results and analysis of UK Facebook mobility data between 10th March 2020 and 9th March 2021; Workflow charts.
Dynamics of uniaxial hard ellipsoids
Creators: name: De Michele, C.
name: Schilling, R.
name: Sciortino, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of monodisperse hard ellipsoids via a new event-driven molecular dynamics algorithm as a function of volume fraction $ϕ$ and aspect ratio $X_0$. We evaluate the translational $D_{trans}$ and the rotational $D_{rot}$ diffusion coefficient and the associated isodiffusivity lines in the $ϕ-X_0$ plane. We observe a decoupling of the translational and rotational dynamics which generates an almost perpendicular crossing of the $D_{trans}$ and $D_{rot}$ isodiffusivity lines. While the self intermediate scattering function exhibits stretched relaxation, i.e. glassy dynamics, only for large $ϕ$ and $X_0 \approx 1$, the second order orientational correlator $C_2(t)$ shows stretching only for large and small $X_0$ values. We discuss these findings in the context of a possible pre-nematic order driven glass transition.
description: accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
A technique for the analysis of total power radio continuum data
Creators: name: Backhouse, Christopher James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In the fall of 1986 the Galactic Radio Patrol began total power observations with the new seven feed system on the 91 metre radio telescope at Green Bank, W. Virginia. The data were taken at a wavelength of 6 cm, with Nyquist sampling intervals, in the region of the galactic plane corresponding to the coordinate ranges of 1=25 to 225 degrees, and |b| ≤ 5.5 degrees. Existing surveys at 6 cm provide a coverage of the galactic plane over the galactic longitude range 190 to 60 (through 360) degrees. This work is largely complementary in that its coverage is over the galactic longitude range of 25 to 225 degrees. A mapping technique has been developed to fully exploit this data. This technique will allow the mapping of the galactic region with a sensitivity several times that of previously available surveys and with reliable structural information on angular scales of ≤ 1 degree. The above technique was applied to a test region centred upon the supernova remnant G109.1-1.0. The resultant maps were compared to a previously published map of this supernova remnant in order to determine the strengths and reliability of the present reduction method.
Rapid Formation of Jupiter and Wide-Orbit Exoplanets in Disks with Pressure Bumps
Creators: name: Chambers, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during encounters leads to high accretion rates. Most models of pebble accretion consider disks with a monotonic, radial pressure profile. This causes a continuous inward flux of pebbles and inefficient growth. Here we examine planet formation in a disk with multiple, intrinsic pressure bumps. In the outer disk, pebbles become trapped near these bumps allowing rapid growth under suitable conditions. In the inner disk, pebble traps may not exist because the inward gas advection velocity is too high. Pebbles here are rapidly removed. In the outer disk, growth is very sensitive to the initial planet mass and the strength of turbulence. This is because turbulent density fluctuations raise planetary eccentricities, increasing the planet-pebble relative velocity. Planetary seeds above a distance-dependent critical mass grow to a Jupiter mass in 0.5--3 million years out to at least 60 AU in a 0.03 solar-mass disk. Smaller bodies remain near their initial mass, leading to a sharp dichotomy in growth outcomes. For turbulent alpha = 1e-4, the critical masses are 1e-4 and 1e-3 Earth masses at 9 and 75 AU, respectively. Pressure bumps in disks may explain the large mass difference between the giant planets and Kuiper belt objects, and also the existence of wide-orbit planets in some systems.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Implementing controlled-NOT gate based on free spin qubits with semiconductor quantum-dot array
Creators: name: Wu, Yin-Zhong
name: Zhang, Wei-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots as qubits, a new quantum controlled-NOT(CNOT) gate is constructed in solid nanostructure without resorting to spin-spin interactions. Single electron tunneling technology and coherent quantum-dot cellular automata architecture are used to generate an ancillary charge entangled state. Using the ancillary charge entangled state as an intermediate state, we obtain a spin entangled state and design a CNOT gate by using only single spin rotations.
description: 4 pages
Conduit: A C++ Library for Best-effort High Performance Computing
Creators: name: Moreno, Matthew Andres
name: Papa, Santiago Rodriguez
name: Ofria, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Developing software to effectively take advantage of growth in parallel and distributed processing capacity poses significant challenges. Traditional programming techniques allow a user to assume that execution, message passing, and memory are always kept synchronized. However, maintaining this consistency becomes increasingly costly at scale. One proposed strategy is "best-effort computing", which relaxes synchronization and hardware reliability requirements, accepting nondeterminism in exchange for efficiency. Although many programming languages and frameworks aim to facilitate software development for high performance applications, existing tools do not directly provide a prepackaged best-effort interface. The Conduit C++ Library aims to provide such an interface for convenient implementation of software that uses best-effort inter-thread and inter-process communication. Here, we describe the motivation, objectives, design, and implementation of the library. Benchmarks on a communication-intensive graph coloring problem and a compute-intensive digital evolution simulation show that Conduit's best-effort model can improve scaling efficiency and solution quality, particularly in a distributed, multi-node context.
PIDs and Repositories: Experiences of implementing DOIs at Cambridge
Creators: name: Martinez Garcia, Agustina
name: Sutton, Alexia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: UKRI OA Policy
Insitutional Repositories
Persistent Identifiers

description: This presentation is part of a UKCORR webinar. Webinar title: PIDs and repositories: experiences of implementing DOIs for content Session overview: This webinar session will explore some of the practical issues to consider when implementing DOIs for content, such as accepted author manuscripts and grey literature, and will include contributions from Agustina Martinez-Garcia & Alexia Sutton (University of Cambridge) and George Macgregor (University of Strathclyde). The contributors will share their experiences of DOI implementation at their institutions and highlight common ‘pain points’. Some background on how DOI registration with DataCite functions will be addressed. The relevance of other related persistent identifier (PID) schemes, such as ORCIDs and RORs, will also be addressed. The overall purpose of the session is to demystify repository DOI minting for institutions contemplating implementation for UKRI/Plan S compliance purposes.
Guanine nucleotide binding properties and attempted immunopurification of ras protein from dictyostelium discoideum
Creators: name: Bramble, Sharyl Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: One purpose of this study was to determine whether the ras protein from Dictyostelium discoideum (p23) binds guanine nucleotides like the ras proteins from mammals (p21) and yeast. The other purpose of this investigation was to purify or enrich for p23ras from D. discoideum by immunoaffinity chromatography. A number of different approaches were used to determine guanine nucleotide binding by p23RAS . A simple filter binding assay, binding to Western blots, and photoaffinity labeling all failed to demonstrate specific binding with lysates of D. discoideum cells. In contrast p21RAS from transformed NIH-3T3 cell lysate was successfully photoaffinity labeled in the presence of ³²P-α-guanosine 5¹-triphosphate (GTP) suggesting that the technique had been performed correctly. It was concluded that either p23RAS has a very low affinity for guanine nucleotides such that GTP binding was not detectable in these experiments or that the ras protein from D. discoideum simply does not bind guanine nucleotides. The purification of p23RAS from D. discoideum cells was attempted in order to provide a purified protein preparation for guanine nucleotide binding and for reconstitution studies. An anti-ras monoclonal antibody (Y13-259) was used as the ligand for the immunoaffinity chromatography. This approach was not successful in that the ras protein could not be enriched relative to other proteins because the immunoaffinity columns did not bind p23RAS.
Conditions implying the uniqueness of the weak$^*$-topology on certain group algebras
Creators: name: Daws, Matthew
name: Pham, Hung Le
name: White, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A20, 43A77

description: We investigate possible preduals of the measure algebra $M(G)$ of a locally compact group and the Fourier algebra $A(G)$ of a separable compact group. Both of these algebras are canonically dual spaces and the canonical preduals make the multiplication separately weak$^*$-continuous so that these algebras are dual Banach algebras. In this paper we find additional conditions under which the preduals $C_0(G)$ of $M(G)$ and $C^*(G)$ of $A(G)$ are uniquely determined. In both cases we consider a natural coassociative multiplication and show that the canonical predual gives rise to the unique weak$^*$-topology making both the multiplication separately weak$^*$-continuous and the coassociative multiplication weak$^*$-continuous. In particular, dual cohomological properties of these algebras are well defined with this additional structure.
description: 21 pages
Probabilistic stabilizability certificates for a class of black-box linear systems
Creators: name: Fabiani, Filippo
name: Margellos, Kostas
name: Goulart, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We provide out-of-sample certificates on the controlled invariance property of a given set with respect to a class of black-box linear systems. Specifically, we consider linear time-invariant models whose state space matrices are known only to belong to a certain family due to a possibly inexact quantification of some parameters. By exploiting a set of realizations of those undetermined parameters, verifying the controlled invariance property of the given set amounts to a linear program, whose feasibility allows us to establish an a-posteriori probabilistic certificate on the controlled invariance property of such a set with respect to the nominal linear time-invariant dynamics. The proposed framework is applied to the control of a networked multi-agent system with unknown weighted graph.
A Monte Carlo Method for Modeling Thermal Damping: Beyond the Brownian-Motion Master Equation
Creators: name: Jacobs, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "standard" Brownian motion master equation, used to describe thermal damping, is not completely positive, and does not admit a Monte Carlo method, important in numerical simulations. To eliminate both these problems one must add a term that generates additional position diffusion. He we show that one can obtain a completely positive simple quantum Brownian motion, efficiently solvable, without any extra diffusion. This is achieved by using a stochastic Schroedinger equation (SSE), closely analogous to Langevin's equation, that has no equivalent Markovian master equation. Considering a specific example, we show that this SSE is sensitive to nonlinearities in situations in which the master equation is not, and may therefore be a better model of damping for nonlinear systems.
description: 6 pages, revtex4. v2: numerical results for a nonlinear system
Additional file 1 of “This is streets ahead of what we used to do”: staff perceptions of virtual clinical pharmacy services in rural and remote Australian hospitals
Creators: name: Allan, Julaine
name: Webster, Emma
name: Chambers, Brett
name: Nott, Shannon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Hidden Symmetries of Stochastic Models
Creators: name: Aneva, Boyka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the matrix product states approach to $n$ species diffusion processes the stationary probability distribution is expressed as a matrix product state with respect to a quadratic algebra determined by the dynamics of the process. The quadratic algebra defines a noncommutative space with a $SU_q(n)$ quantum group action as its symmetry. Boundary processes amount to the appearance of parameter dependent linear terms in the algebraic relations and lead to a reduction of the $SU_q(n)$ symmetry. We argue that the boundary operators of the asymmetric simple exclusion process generate a tridiagonal algebra whose irriducible representations are expressed in terms of the Askey-Wilson polynomials. The Askey-Wilson algebra arises as a symmetry of the boundary problem and allows to solve the model exactly.
description: This is a contribution to the Proc. of the O'Raifeartaigh Symposium on Non-Perturbative and Symmetry Methods in Field Theory (June 2006, Budapest, Hungary), published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/