cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Alkoxy cyanoacrylate-based nanoparticles with stealth and brain-targeting properties
Creators: name: Liu, Jimin
name: Li, Yunfeng
name: Liu, Shan
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Luo, Yuan
name: Yang, Yang
name: Zhuang, Xiaomei
name: Wang, Xuanzhi
name: Zhao, Baoquan
name: Xu, Tao
name: Xu, Liang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mental Health

description: Nanoparticles (NPs) with ‘stealth’ properties have been designed to decrease the phagocytosis of such particles by mononuclear phagocytes and to protect them from enzymatic degradation, thus improving circulation time and bioavailability after intravenous administration. Brain-targeting modifications endow NPs with the capacity to cross the blood–brain barrier, facilitating chemotherapy for brain diseases such as glioma. In this study, newly designed alkoxy cyanoacrylate (CA)-based NPs with stealth and brain-targeting properties were synthesised and evaluated. The monomers for NP core polymerisation were chemically modified to hydrophilic short alkoxy structure for stealth purposes and coated with polysorbate-80 for brain targeting. Two monomers (2-methoxyethyl CA and 2-(2-methoxyethyl)ethyl CA) were used to create NP2 and NP3, respectively. Both NPs were successfully loaded with anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASON) of transforming growth factor beta 2. Compared to traditional n-butyl CA-based ASON–NP1, ASON–NP3 was found to decrease phagocytosis by mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.7) and to increase cellular uptake by cancer cells. ASON–NP3 showed definite brain targeting and anti-cancer effects. This work provides a potential new strategy for preparing stealth NPs core, providing a new NP vehicle for clinical drug delivery that may be targeted to the brain and circulates in the blood for an extended period of time.
A scoping review protocol on the health of African migrants in the Asia-Pacific region
Creators: name: Han, Xinkun
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: African migrants
subject: Asia-Pacific region
subject: health
subject: scoping review protocol

description: Protocol for a scoping review that aims to systematically search and identify relevant literature on topics related to the health of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa in the Asia-Pacific region.
Influence of Surfactants on Growth of Individual Aqueous Coarse Mode Aerosol Particles
Creators: name: Frossard, Amanda A.
name: Li, Wayne
name: Gérard, Violaine
name: Nozière, Barbara
name: Cohen, Ronald C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Understanding the links between aerosol and cloud and radiative properties remains a large uncertainty in predicting Earth's changing energy budget. Surfactants are observed in ambient atmospheric aerosol particles, and their effect on cloud droplet growth is a mechanism that was, until recently, neglected in model calculations of particle activation and droplet growth. In this study, coarse mode aqueous aerosol particles were created containing the surfactant Igepal CA-630 and NaCl. The evaporation and condensation of these individual aqueous particles were investigated using an aerosol optical trap combined with Raman spectroscopy. For a relative humidity (RH) change from 70% to 80%, droplets containing both Igepal and NaCl at atmospheric concentrations exhibited on average more than 4% larger changes in droplet radii, compared to droplets containing NaCl only. This indicates enhanced water uptake in the presence of surfactants, but this result is unexpected based on the standard calculation of the effect of surfactants, using surface tension reduction and/or hygroscopicity changes, for particles of this size. One implication of these results is that in periods with increasing RH, surfactant-containing aqueous particles may grow larger than similarly sized aqueous NaCl particles without surfactants, thus shifting atmospheric particle size distributions, influencing particle growth, and affecting aerosol loading, visibility, and radiative forcing.
BIRNet: Brain image registration using dual-supervised fully convolutional networks
Creators: name: Fan, Jingfan
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Cao, Xiaohuan
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2019

description: In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach for image registration by predicting deformation from image appearance. Since obtaining ground-truth deformation fields for training can be challenging, we design a fully convolutional network that is subject to dual-guidance: (1) Ground-truth guidance using deformation fields obtained by an existing registration method; and (2) Image dissimilarity guidance using the difference between the images after registration. The latter guidance helps avoid overly relying on the supervision from the training deformation fields, which could be inaccurate. For effective training, we further improve the deep convolutional network with gap filling, hierarchical loss, and multi-source strategies. Experiments on a variety of datasets show promising registration accuracy and efficiency compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Potassium phthalimide catalyzed efficient synthesis of 2-Amino-3-phenylsulfonyl-4H-chromenes under Solvent-Free Conditions
Creators: name: Xiaomeng Yu
name: Zhongqiang Zhou
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: An efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the preparation of 2-amino-3-phenylsulfonyl-4H-chromenes employing a three component, one-pot condensation reaction between aromatic aldehydes, phenylsulphonylacetonitrile and 1-naphthol has been developed. The reaction of 1-naphthol with phenylsulphonylacetonitrile and various aromatic aldehydes was carried under solvent-free conditions using 10 mol% of potassium phthalimide as a catalyst to give the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. It was also found that potassium phthalimide can be recycled at least four times without loss of activity. General applicability, operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, non-toxic, inexpensive and recyclable catalyst, and solvent-free conditions are the advantages of the present procedure.
Biodiverse Histoplasma Species Elicit Distinct Patterns of Pulmonary Inflammation following Sublethal Infection
Creators: name: Sepulveda, Victoria E.
name: Goldman, William E.
name: Jones, Grant S.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 2020

description: Histoplasma is an endemic dimorphic fungus that can cause disease in healthy and immunocompromised individuals after the transition of inhaled spores into the facultative intracellular yeast form. There is substantial diversity among Histoplasma species, but it is not clear how this heterogeneity impacts the progression of pathology and cellular immune responses during acute respiratory infection, which represents the vast majority of histoplasmosis disease burden. After inoculating mice intranasally with a sublethal inoculum, we characterized the immune response to Histoplasma capsulatum (strain G186A) and Histoplasma ohiense (strain G217B) using comprehensive flow cytometric and single-cell analyses. Within 8 days after inoculation, H. ohiense induced a significantly higher infiltration of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes into the lung compared to H. capsulatum. Microscopic analysis of infected lung tissue revealed that although the total number of fungi was similar within inflamed lung lesions, we observed different species-dependent intracellular yeast distribution patterns. Inoculation with gfp-expressing strains indicated that H. ohiense, but not H. capsulatum, was associated primarily with alveolar macrophages early after infection. Interestingly, we observed a significant reduction in the total number of alveolar macrophages 12 to 16 days after H. ohiense, but not H. capsulatum infection, despite similar intracellular growth dynamics within AMJ2-C11 alveolar macrophages in vitro. Together, our data suggest that H. ohiense, but not H. capsulatum, preferentially interacts with alveolar macrophages early after infection, which may lead to a different course of inflammation and resolution despite similar rates of fungal clearance.
IMPORTANCE Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in healthy individuals comprises most of the disease burden caused by the fungal pathogen Histoplasma. Fungal pneumonia is frequently delayed in diagnosis and treatment due to a prolonged period of quiescence early during infection. In this study, we used a murine respiratory model of histoplasmosis to investigate how different Histoplasma species modulate lung inflammation throughout the complete course of infection. We propose that a relatively low, sublethal inoculum is ideal to model acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in humans, primarily due to the quiescent stage of fungal growth that occurs in the lungs of mice prior to the initiation of inflammation. Our results reveal the unique course of lung immunity associated with divergent species of Histoplasma and imply that the progression of clinical disease is considerably more heterogeneous than previously recognized.
Potassium Phthalimide Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-phenylsulfonyl-4H-chromenes under Solvent-Free Conditions
Creators: name: Xiaomeng Yu
name: Zhongqiang Zhou
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: An efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the preparation of 2-amino-3-phenylsulfonyl-4H-chromenes employing a three component, one-pot condensation reaction between aromatic aldehydes, phenylsulphonylacetonitrile and 1-naphthol has been developed. The reaction of 1-naphthol with phenylsulphonylacetonitrile and various aromatic aldehydes was carried under solvent-free conditions using 10 mol% of potassium phthalimide as a catalyst to give the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. It was also found that potassium phthalimide can be recycled at least four times without loss of activity. General applicability, operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, non-toxic, inexpensive and recyclable catalyst, and solvent-free conditions are the advantages of the present procedure.
Uncovering the functions of genes in the pathogen acinetobacter baumannii
Creators: name: Wilson-Mortier, Brendan
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Currently, only approximately 2% of the genome of the multi-drug resistant organism Acinetobacter baumannii has been experimentally characterised. Unfortunately, this is not uncommon. The experimental verification of gene functions is now lagging behind the rapidly increasing amount of sequence data generated via high - throughput next generation sequencing technology. However, using cellular fluorescence as a proxy for phenotypic data, TraDISort (Transposon - Directed Insertion Site Sequencing and Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting) is a novel high - throughput protocol able to provide phenotypic data for a multitude of mutants in one experiment. In this thesis, data from a TraDISort experiment performed on an A. baumannii transposon mutant library treated with a sub - inhibitory concentration of the DNA/RNA intercalating fluorescent biocide ethidium bromide was bioinformatically analysed. TraDI Sort uncovered significant ethidium bromide efflux systems in A. baumannii , exposed a novel gene potentially involved with ethidium bromide resistance , and consistently selected genes related to DNA, transcription, and translation. FACS gating procedures also predisposed TraDISort to select for mutants with altered morphologies, including genes involved with shape - regulation and cell - division, confirmed via phase - contrast microscopy. Combined with alternative compounds possessing different cellular targets and/or sites of accumulation, TraDISort possesses great potential in probing the functions of numerous genes with diverse functions.
California's food-energy-water system: An open source simulation model of adaptive surface and groundwater management in the Central Valley
Creators: name: Zeff, Harrison B.
name: Medellin-Azuara, Josue
name: Malek, Keyvan
name: Hamilton, Andrew L.
name: Herman, Jonathan D.
name: Cohen, Jonathan S.
name: Reed, Patrick M.
name: Characklis, Gregory W.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2021

description: This study introduces the California Food-Energy-Water System (CALFEWS) simulation model to describe the integrated, multi-sector dynamics that emerge from the coordinated management of surface and groundwater supplies throughout California's Central Valley. The CALFEWS simulation framework links the operation of state-wide, interbasin transfer projects (i.e., State Water Project, Central Valley Project) with coordinated water management strategies abstracted to the scale of irrigation/water districts. This study contributes a historic baseline (October 1996-September 2016) evaluation of the model's performance against observations, including reservoir storage, inter-basin transfers, environmental endpoints, and groundwater banking accounts. State-aware, rules-based representations of critical component systems enable CALFEWS to simulate adaptive management responses to alternative climate, infrastructure, and regulatory scenarios. Moreover, CALFEWS has been designed to maintain interoperability with electric power dispatch and agricultural production models. As such, CALFEWS provides a platform to evaluate internally consistent scenarios for the integrated management of water supply, energy generation, and food production.
Cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and health behaviors among cancer survivors and spouses: A MEPS Study
Creators: name: Song, Lixin
name: Keyserling, Thomas C.
name: Tan, Xianming
name: Song, Fengyu
name: Guan, Ting
name: Van Houtven, Courtney
name: Guo, Peiran
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2020

description: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalences of CVD, CVD risk factors. and health behaviors among cancer survivor-spouse dyads, assess how these prevalences differ by role (survivor vs spouse) and gender, and report congruences in health behaviors between survivors and their spouses. METHODS: We identified 1026 survivor-spouse dyads from the 2010-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We used weighted multivariable logistic and linear regressions to analyze the data related to CVD, CVD risk factors, and health behaviors. RESULTS: Survivors and spouses reported high prevalences of CVD and CVD risk factors but low engagement in healthy behaviors, including non-smoking, physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight (proxy for healthy diet). Gender and role differences were significantly related to the prevalence of CVD, CVD risk factors, and health behaviors among survivors and spouses. From 39% to 88% of survivors and spouses were congruent in their current smoking status, physical activity engagement/disengagement, and BMI. CONCLUSION: Cancer survivors and spouses have high rates of CVD and CVD risk factors and poor engagement in healthful lifestyle behaviors. A high proportion of survivors and spouses were congruent in their current smoking status, physical activity engagement/disengagement, and BMI. Effective lifestyle interventions are needed for this high-risk population. Couple-focused interventions may be well-suited for these dyads and warrant further study. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Both cancer survivors and their spouses need to be non-moking, more physically active, and maintain normal BMI in order to reduce their high risk of CVD and CVD risk factors.
Can modern multi-objective evolutionary algorithms discover high-dimensional financial risk portfolio tradeoffs for snow-dominated water-energy systems?
Creators: name: Reed, Patrick M.
name: Characklis, Gregory W.
name: Gupta, Rohini S.
name: Hamilton, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: Hydropower generation in the Hetch Hetchy Power System is strongly tied to snowmelt dynamics in the central Sierra Nevada and consequently is particularly financially vulnerable to changes in snowpack availability and timing. This study explores the Hetchy Hetchy Power System as a representative example from the broader class of financial risk management problems that hold promise in helping utilities such as SFPUC to understand the tradeoffs across portfolios of risk mitigation instruments given uncertainties in snowmelt dynamics. An evolutionary multi-objective direct policy search (EMODPS) framework is implemented to identify time adaptive stochastic rules that map utility state information and exogenous inputs to optimal annual financial decisions. The resulting financial risk mitigation portfolio planning problem is mathematically difficult due to its high dimensionality and mixture of nonlinear, nonconvex, and discrete objectives. These features add to the difficulty of the problem by yielding a Pareto front of solutions that has a highly disjoint and complex geometry. In this study, we contribute a diagnostic assessment of state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms' (MOEAs') abilities to support a DPS framework for managing financial risk. We perform comprehensive diagnostics on five algorithms: the Borg multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III), Reference Vector Guided Evolutionary Algorithm (RVEA), and the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition (MOEA/D). The MOEAs are evaluated to characterize their controllability (ease-of-use), reliability (probability of success), efficiency (minimizing model evaluations), and effectiveness (high quality tradeoff representations). Our results show that newer decomposition, reference point, and reference vector algorithms are highly sensitive to their parameterizations (difficult to use), suffer from search deterioration (losing solutions), and have a strong likelihood of misrepresenting key tradeoffs. The results emphasize the importance of using MOEAs with archiving and adaptive search capabilities in order to solve complex financial risk portfolio problems in snow-dependent water-energy systems.
Phytoplankton response to the summer 2015 heat wave – a case study from prealpine Lake Mondsee, Austria
Creators: name: Bergkemper, Victoria
name: Weisse, Thomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Phytoplankton response to a heat wave in deep prealpine Lake Mondsee, Austria, was minor overall, although temperature significantly affected the epilimnetic phytoplankton assemblage at the deepest site of the lake. We detected no significant effect of nutrients. Using 3 complementary optical methods—light microscopy (Utermöhl technique), FlowCAM, and acoustic flow cytometry (AFC)—we found relatively low horizontal variation in the epilimnion but significant changes in phytoplankton community composition integrated over the 0–20 m water layer at the central station of the lake. These changes were mainly caused by a vertical shift in the Planktothrix rubescens peak from 11 to 16 m during the heat wave. Air temperatures reaching or exceeding 30 °C were measured in the area during 6 consecutive days at the end of June to the beginning of July, the first of 3 heat waves recorded during summer 2015; in-shore surface water temperature exceeded 27 °C. We sampled 9 stations across Lake Mondsee on 4 occasions during the heat wave and analysed temperature, nutrient levels, conductivity, pH, and the phytoplankton community. In addition to reporting the implications of increasing water temperatures for the algal assemblage in a deep stratified lake, we discuss the pros and cons of the different optical methods for phytoplankton identification and counting. For future field campaigns similar to the present study, we recommend using light microscopy to assess large or rare species, such as Ceratium hirundinella, and AFC, FlowCAM, or similar semi-automated devices for abundant small- to medium-sized species.
Cdt1 variants reveal unanticipated aspects of interactions with cyclin/CDK and MCM important for normal genome replication
Creators: name: Matson, Jacob P.
name: Grant, Gavin D.
name: Pozo, Pedro N.
name: Kedziora, Katarzyna M.
name: Cole, Yasemin
name: Cook, Jeanette Gowen
name: Temple, Brenda
Publisher: name: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
Year: 2018

description: The earliest step in DNA replication is origin licensing, which is the DNA loading of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase complexes. The Cdc10-dependent transcript 1 (Cdt1) protein is essential for MCM loading during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, but the mechanism of Cdt1 function is still incompletely understood. We examined a collection of rare Cdt1 variants that cause a form of primordial dwarfism (the Meier-Gorlin syndrome) plus one hypomorphic Drosophila allele to shed light on Cdt1 function. Three hypomorphic variants load MCM less efficiently than wild-type (WT) Cdt1, and their lower activity correlates with impaired MCM binding. A structural homology model of the human Cdt1-MCM complex positions the altered Cdt1 residues at two distinct interfaces rather than the previously described single MCM interaction domain. Surprisingly, one dwarfism allele (Cdt1-A66T) is more active than WT Cdt1. This hypermorphic variant binds both cyclin A and SCFSkp2 poorly relative to WT Cdt1. Detailed quantitative live-cell imaging analysis demonstrated no change in the stability of this variant, however. Instead, we propose that cyclin A/CDK inhibits the Cdt1 licensing function independent of the creation of the SCFSkp2 phosphodegron. Together, these findings identify key Cdt1 interactions required for both efficient origin licensing and tight Cdt1 regulation to ensure normal cell proliferation and genome stability.
The effect of attention on body size adaptation and body dissatisfaction
Creators: name: House, Dorothea
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The direction of attention towards people of a low fat body mass is associated with the tendency to perceive low fat bodies as "normal" sized (Stephen, Sturman, et al., 2018) and higher rates of body dissatisfaction (Moussally et al., 2016). Attentional bias towards low fat bodies may therefore contribute to the pathological levels of body size misperception and body dissatisfaction that are diagnostic symptoms of eating disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Cash & Deagle, 1997). This research investigated whether two attentional bias modification tasks influence body size perception and body dissatisfaction in a sample of 430 Caucasian women aged 18-35. Participants were trained to attend towards either high or low fat body stimuli using a Dot Probe task (Experiment 1) and a Visual Search task (Experiment 2). Pre- and post-training measures were used to determine the effect of the attention training on 1) attention to high vs low fat body stimuli, 2) the body size perceived as "normal", and 3) body dissatisfaction. Bootstrapped one sample t-tests showed that participants who were trained to attend towards high fat body stimuli using the Dot Probe task significantly increased their attention towards high fat body stimuli (p = .001); however, their perceptions of a "normal" body size and their body dissatisfaction did not change significantly as a result of the attention training. Participants trained to attend towards low fat bodies using the Dot Probe task did not demonstrate a significant change in their attention, perceptions of a "normal" body size, or body dissatisfaction. Participants who were trained using the Visual Search task did not demonstrate a significant change in their attention, perception of a "normal" body size, or body dissatisfaction. The results indicate that the attentional bias modification tasks used in this experiment may be insufficient in the treatment of body image disturbances. -- abstract
Nokia Ships New Handset in Europe
Creators: name: Uimonen, Terho
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 100510 Wireless Communications
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Article published by Computerworld describing Nokia's phone announcements in Q3 2000.

Article published on the 8th of September 2000.
title: ADCO, Sixième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1662), Cart. 30 (G 133), 441 folios, f. 571
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: LaMOP
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Sixième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1662), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 30 (G 133), 441 folios, f. 571, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Sixième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1662), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 30 (G 133), 441 folios, f. 571, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Combination adherence strategy to support HIV antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence during pregnancy and breastfeeding: protocol for a pair of pilot randomised trials
Creators: name: Kalua, Thoko
name: Amico, K. Rivet
name: Gottwalt, Allison M
name: Graybill, Lauren Aiko
name: Phiri, Sam
name: Rosenberg, Nora E
name: Freeborn, Kellie
name: Mollan, Katie R
name: Mutale, Wilbroad
name: H, Benjamin
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Hill, Lauren M
name: Milala, Beteniko
name: Phanga, Twambilile
name: Saidi, Friday
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2021

description: INTRODUCTION: To realise the expected gains from prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission initiatives, adherence to preventative and therapeutic antiretroviral regimens is critical and interventions deployable in busy programmatic settings with a high HIV burden are needed. Based on formative research, we developed an approach that integrates patient-centred counselling and engagement of an adherence supporter for pregnant and breastfeeding women initiating HIV treatment (ie, antiretroviral therapy (ART)) or biomedical HIV prevention (ie, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)). METHODS: Tonse Pamodzi 2 is a pilot study designed to provide acceptability, fidelity and clinical outcomes data on a set of behavioural interventions for adherence support. The study comprises two parallel randomised trials, enrolling HIV-positive pregnant women initiating ART (Trial 1, n=100) and HIV-negative pregnant women with risk of HIV acquisition and willing to initiate PrEP (Trial 2, n=200). Within each trial, participants are randomised 1:1 to either the intervention or control group. The Tonse Pamodzi adherence intervention comprises patient-centred counselling (adapted Integrated Next Step Counseling(iNSC)) and external adherence support tailored to the clinical context (ie, for ART or PrEP). Participants randomly assigned to the control group receive standard counselling based on local HIV guidelines. Participants are followed for 6â€‰months. To assess intervention acceptability, we will employ a mixed method approach to describe participant engagement, satisfaction, and discussion content. We will audit and score recorded counselling sessions to evaluate the implementation fidelity of iNSC sessions. We will also assess clinical outcomes at 3 and 6â€‰months for both Trial 1 (retention in care and viral suppression of HIV) and Trial 2 (retention in care, and plasma and intracellular tenofovir drug concentrations). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was approved by the Malawi National Health Science Research Committee (19/05/2334) and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institutional Review Board (19-1060). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04330989.
Combination HIV prevention during pregnancy and the post-partum period in Malawi and Zambia: a mathematical modelling analysis
Creators: name: Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Freeborn, Kellie
name: Mutale, Wilbroad
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Graybill, Lauren A.
name: Nyirenda, Rose K.
name: Mollan, Katie R.
name: Jahn, Andreas
name: Vermund, Sten H.
name: Mulenga, Priscilla L.
name: Saidi, Friday
name: Rosenberg, Nora E.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: INTRODUCTION: Despite widespread success in reducing vertical HIV transmission, most antenatal care (ANC) programmes in eastern and southern Africa have not emphasized primary prevention of maternal HIV acquisition during pregnancy and lactation/breastfeeding. We hypothesized that combination HIV prevention interventions initiated alongside ANC could substantially reduce maternal HIV incidence. METHODS: We constructed a multi-state model describing male-to-female HIV transmission in steady heterosexual partnerships during pregnancy and lactation/breastfeeding, with initial conditions based on population distribution estimates for Malawi and Zambia in 2020. We modelled individual and joint increases in three HIV prevention strategies at or soon after ANC initiation: (1) HIV testing of male partners, resulting in HIV diagnosis and less condomless sex among those with previously undiagnosed HIV; (2) initiation (or re-initiation) of suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) for male partners with diagnosed but unsuppressed HIV; and (3) adherent pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-negative female ANC patients with HIV-diagnosed or unknown-status male partners. We estimated the percentage of within-couple, male-to-female HIV transmissions that could be averted during pregnancy and lactation/breastfeeding with these strategies, relative to base-case conditions in which 45% of undiagnosed male partners become newly HIV diagnosed via testing, 75% of male partners with diagnosed but unsuppressed HIV initiate/re-initiate ART and 0% of female ANC patients start PrEP. RESULTS: Increasing uptake of any single strategy by 20 percentage points above base-case levels averted 10%-11% of maternal HIV acquisitions during pregnancy and lactation/breastfeeding in the model. Joint uptake increases of 20 percentage points in two interventions averted an estimated 19%-23% of transmissions, and with a 20-percentage-point increase in uptake of all three interventions, 29% were averted. Strategies achieving 95% male testing, 90% male ART initiation/re-initiation and 40% female PrEP use reduced incident infections by 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Combination HIV prevention strategies provided alongside ANC and sustained through the post-partum period could substantially reduce maternal HIV incidence during pregnancy and lactation/breastfeeding in eastern and southern Africa.
title: 03_0869
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
J-shaped stress-strain diagram of collagen fibers: Frame tension of triangulated surfaces with fixed boundaries
Creators: name: Takano, Yu
name: Koibuchi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Monte Carlo data of the stress-strain diagrams obtained using two different triangulated surface models. The first is the canonical surface model of Helfrich and Polyakov (HP), and the second is a Finsler geometry (FG) model. The shape of the experimentally observed stress-strain diagram is called J-shaped. Indeed, the diagram has a plateau for the small strain region and becomes linear in the relatively large strain region. Because of this highly non-linear behavior, the J-shaped diagram is far beyond the scope of the ordinary theory of elasticity. Therefore, the mechanism behind the J-shaped diagram still remains to be clarified, although it is commonly believed that the collagen degrees of freedom play an essential role. We find that the FG modeling technique provides a coarse-grained picture for the interaction between the collagen and the bulk material. The role of the directional degrees of freedom of collagen molecules or fibers can be understood in the context of FG modeling. We also discuss the reason for why the J-shaped diagram cannot (can) be explained by the HP (FG) model.
Salidroside orchestrates metabolic reprogramming by regulating the Hif-1α signalling pathway in acute mountain sickness
Creators: name: Yan, Xiaoning
name: Liu, Jie
name: Zhu, Meixia
name: Liu, Lirong
name: Chen, Yijun
name: Zhang, Yinhuan
name: Feng, Menghan
name: Jia, Zhixin
name: Xiao, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Rhodiola crenulata (Hook. f. et Thoms.) H. Ohba (Crassulaceae) is used to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects on the central nervous system remain unclear. To investigate the effect of Rhodiola crenulata on cellular metabolism in the central nervous system. The viability and Hif-1α levels of microglia and neurons at 5% O2 for 1, 3, 5 and 24 h were examined. We performed the binding of salidroside (Sal), rhodiosin, tyrosol and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol to Hif-1α, Hif-1α, lactate, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis assays. Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control and Sal (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) groups to measure the levels of Hif-1α and lactate. Microglia sensed low oxygen levels earlier than neurons, accompanied by elevated expression of Hif-1α protein. Salidroside, rhodiosin, tyrosol, and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol decreased BV-2 (IC50=1.93 ± 0.34 mM, 959.74 ± 10.24 μM, 7.47 ± 1.03 and 8.42 ± 1.63 mM) and PC-12 (IC50=6.89 ± 0.57 mM, 159.28 ± 8.89 μM, 8.65 ± 1.20 and 8.64 ± 1.42 mM) viability. They (10 μM) reduced Hif-1α degradation in BV-2 (3.7-, 2.5-, 2.9- and 2.5-fold) and PC-12 cells (2.8-, 2.8-, 2.3- and 2.0-fold) under normoxia. Salidroside increased glycolytic capacity but attenuated oxidative phosphorylation. Salidroside (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment increased the protein expression of Hif-1α and the release of lactate in the brain tissue of mice. These results suggest that Sal induces metabolic reprogramming by regulating the Hif-1α signalling pathway to activate compensatory responses, which may be the core mechanism underlying the effect of Rhodiola crenulata on the central nervous system.
Communication Cues and Engagement Behavior: Identifying Advertisement Strategies to Attract Middle-Aged Adults to a Study of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program
Creators: name: Lazard, Allison
name: Horrell, Lindsey
name: Kneipp, Shawn
name: Brady, Teresa
name: Knafl, George J.
name: Linnan, Laura
Publisher: name: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Year: 2020

description: Introduction

Low- and middle-income, middle-aged adults have high rates of disease and death from chronic disease, yet their participation in self-management programs is low. This may be because advertisements for such programs often target elderly, predominantly white, affluent adults. Our study used data from a parent randomized controlled trial to identify theoretically driven advertisement cues to engage low- and middle-income, middle-aged adults in the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP).

Methods

A framework that combined the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Protection Motivation Theory was used to guide χ2 and regression analyses to assess relationships between advertisement cue preferences and 5 stages of cognitive engagement (cue processing, cognitive appraisal of the advertised study, motivation to enroll) and behavioral engagement of study participants (enrollment and program participation).

Results

One advertisement cue (taking control of one’s future) and 1 cue combination (financial security and taking control of one’s future) were significantly associated with study enrollment, as were motivation to enroll and cue processing.

Conclusion

These results can inform CDSMP recruitment efforts to better engage low- and middle-income, middle-aged adults in an effort to mitigate the disproportionate burden of chronic disease in this population.
The Most Massive Heartbeat: An In-depth Analysis of ι Orionis
Creators: name: Pablo, Herbert
name: Richardson, N. D.
name: Fuller, J.
name: Rowe, J.
name: Moffat, A. F. J.
name: Kuschnig, R.
name: Popowicz, A.
name: Handler, G.
name: Neiner, C.
name: Pigulski, A.
name: Wade, G. A.
name: Weiss, W.
name: Buysschaert, B.
name: Ramiaramanantsoa, T.
name: Bratcher, A. D.
name: Gerhartz, C. J.
name: Greco, J. J.
name: Hardegree-Ullman, K.
name: Lembryk, L.
name: Oswald, W. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ι Ori is a well studied massive binary consisting of an O9 III + B1 III/IV star. Due to its high eccentricity (e = 0.764) and short orbital period (P orb = 29.13376 d), it has been considered to be a good candidate to show evidence of tidal effects; however, none have previously been identified. Using photometry from the BRITE-Constellation space photometry mission we have confirmed the existence of tidal distortions through the presence of a heartbeat signal at periastron. We combine spectroscopic and light curve analyses to measure the masses and radii of the components, revealing ι Ori to be the most massive heartbeat system known to date. In addition, using a thorough frequency analysis, we also report the unprecedented discovery of multiple tidally induced oscillations in an O star. The amplitudes of the pulsations allow us to empirically estimate the tidal circularization rate, yielding an effective tidal quality factor Q $\approx 4 \times 10^{4}$ .
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, in press
Compound hydrometeorological extremes across multiple timescales drive volatility in California electricity market prices and emissions
Creators: name: Su, Yufei
name: Characklis, Gregory W.
name: Kern, Jordan D.
name: Reed, Patrick M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: Hydrometeorological conditions influence the operations of bulk electric power systems and wholesale markets for electricity. Streamflow is the “fuel” for hydropower generation, wind speeds and solar irradiance dictate the availability of wind and solar power production, and air temperatures strongly affect heating and cooling demands. Despite growing concern about the vulnerability of power systems to hydrometeorological uncertainty, including “compound” extremes (multiple extremes occurring simultaneously), quantifying baseline probabilistic risks remains difficult even without factoring in climate change. Here, we use newly developed power system simulation software to show how uncertainties in spatially and temporally correlated hydrometeorological processes affect market prices and greenhouse gas emissions in California’s wholesale electricity market. Results highlight the need for large synthetic datasets to access rare, yet plausible system states that have not occurred in the recent historical record. We find that time scale strongly controls which combinations of hydrometeorological variables cause extreme outcomes. Although scarcity caused by low streamflows and high air temperatures has long been considered a primary concern in Western power markets, market prices are more profoundly impacted by weather and streamflow conditions that lead to an overabundance of energy on the grid.
Pure iron grains are rare in the universe
Creators: name: Kimura, Yuki
name: Tanaka, Kyoko K.
name: Nozawa, Takaya
name: Takeuch, Shinsuke
name: Inatomi, Yuko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundant forms in which the major elements in the universe exist have been determined from numerous astronomical observations and meteoritic analyses. Iron (Fe) is an exception, in that only depletion of gaseous Fe has been detected in the interstellar medium, suggesting that Fe is condensed into a solid, possibly the astronomically invisible metal. To determine the primary form of Fe, we replicated the formation of Fe grains in gaseous ejecta of evolved stars by means of microgravity experiments. We found that the sticking probability for formation of Fe grains is extremely small; only several atoms will stick per hundred thousand collisions, so that homogeneous nucleation of metallic Fe grains is highly ineffective, even in the Fe-rich ejecta of Type Ia supernovae. This implies that most Fe is locked up as grains of Fe compounds or as impurities accreted onto other grains in the interstellar medium.
Contextualising men's role and participation in PMTCT programmes in Malawi and Zambia: A hegemonic masculinity perspective
Creators: name: Mutale, Wilbroad
name: Phanga, Twambilile
name: Zimba, Chifundo
name: Dunda, Wezi
name: Rosenberg, Nora
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Chibwe, Kasapo F.
name: Freeborn, Kellie
name: Matenga, Tulani Francis L.
name: Mweemba, Oliver
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021

description: This study sought to explore and contextualise the man's role in antenatal services, and the barriers and strategies for engaging men in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT). We conducted 143 interviews with pregnant and breastfeeding women, male partners, health workers and policy makers in Malawi and Zambia. We employed thematic and critical discourse analysis using the hegemonic masculinity perspective. We found that men's roles in PMTCT reflected hegemonic masculinities. As breadwinners, men supported their partners with material and financial resources. As decision makers, men were involved in decision making on the health of their partners. As social protectors, men supported their partners in accessing and adhering to antenatal care, HIV treatment and care. Barriers and challenges to male involvement in antenatal care were often the result of conflict between the clinic operating hours and men's working hours, the perception of antenatal care services as female spaces, and men's fear of HIV testing. Proposed strategies to increase male engagement in PMTCT included sensitising men about HIV and pregnancy; engaging leaders and employers, providing services outside working hours, and providing incentives. We conclude that men's role and participation in PMTCT services are an extension and adaptation of hegemonic masculinities.