cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effects of verbal cues on the learning of visual sequences
Creators: name: Mosedale, Donald S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The present study investigated the effects of verbal cues on the learning of visual sequences involving eight elements. Grade two subjects were assigned to three experimental conditions and were given a learning task and a transfer task. The three experimental conditions involved three types of training on a visual sequencing task and differences among the three groups were determined by performance on a posttest after training. The three training conditions were as follows: 1. "Look" group. Subjects were asked to look at the elements in the sequence. 2. "Name" group. Names were attached to the elements of the sequence as they were presented. 3. "Name and Ordinal Position" group. Names and ordinal positions were attached to the elements of the sequence as they were presented. The learning task consisted of a pretest, training according to treatment group, and a posttest. The transfer task consisted of a pretest and a posttest without specific training on transfer task elements. Each subject was put through a four-day cycle: 1. Day 1. Learning task and transfer task pretest. 2. Day 2. Training in visual sequencing according to treatment condition assigned. 3. Day 3. Learning task posttest. 4. Day 4. Transfer task posttest. The findings of this experimental study indicate that attaching names and ordinal positions to the elements in a visual sequence facilitates the learning of the sequence. While the ordinal position factor did not facilitate learning to a statistically significant degree in the learning task, the sample data showed that the group using this cue did perform the task in fewer trials than the "Look" group and the "Name" group. On the transfer task, the performance of the "Name and Ordinal Position" group was significantly better than the other two groups.
Additional file 1 of Cell membrane-coated human hair nanoparticles for precise disease therapies
Creators: name: Zhang, Yiyin
name: Li, Yiling
name: Xia, Qiming
name: Li, Yirun
name: Jin, Shengxi
name: Mao, Qijiang
name: Liu, Chao
name: Fan, Xiaoxiao
name: Lin, Hui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The characteristics of RAWM and HNP@RAWM. (A) The morphology of RAWM and HNP@RAWM under TEM (scale bar = 50 nm). (B) The DLS of HNP, RAWM, and HNP@RAWM. Figure S2. The zeta potential of RAWM, HNP, and HNP@RAWM. Figure S3. The protein marker—integrin 4α of RAW 264.7 was expressed in purified RAW 264.7, RAWM, and HNP@RAWM. Figure S4. The protein composition comparisons between RAWM and HNP@RAWM. Figure S5. The protein expression of integrin αv in Hepa 1-6, CT26, and PANC-2 cell lines. Figure S6. In vitro biosafety of HNP. In vitro cell growth curve of Hepa 1-6 cells treated with PBS, RBCM-cRGD, HNP, and HNP@RBCM-cRGD at the concentration of 20 μg/mL for 2 days. Group comparisons of relative cell viability among PBS, RBCM-cRGD, HNP, and HNP@RBCM-cRGD at 0, 12, and 48 hours after treatment (n=3, ns P >0.05). Figure S7. Laser irradiation safety test. Group comparisons of relative cell viability between pure laser and negative control at 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours after 808 nm laser irradiation (1.0 W/cm2, 5 minutes, n=3, ns P >0.05). Figure S8. Schematic illustration of the PTT system for irradiating Hepa 1-6 tumor-bearing mice model via 808 nm laser irradiation (1.5 mg/mL, 1.0 W/cm2, 10 minutes). Figure S9. The fluorescence comparisons between HNP-ICG, HNP-ICG@RBCM-cRGD, and ICG groups (808 nm laser, 10.0 mW/cm2, 199 ms). Figure S10. The temperature curves of HNP, HNP@RAWM, HNP incubated with S. aureus, HNP@RAWM incubated with S. aureus, and LB broth medium (LB) after being irradiated by 808 nm laser (0.4 mg/mL, 50°C, 1.0 W/cm2). Figure S11. Schematic illustration of the PTT system for irradiating diabetic ulcer with infection mice model via 808 nm laser irradiation (50°C, 1.0 W/cm2, 5 minutes). Figure S12. The survival curves of mice treated with PBS, RAWM, HNP, and HNP@RAWM with or without 808 nm laser (50°C, 1.0 W/cm2, 5 minutes). Figure S13. The H&E staining of the major organs treated by PBS, RAWM, HNP, and HNP@RAWM with or without NIR irradiation (50°C, 808 nm laser, 1.0 W/cm2, 5 minutes, scale bar = 100 μm, n = 3 for each group). Table S1. Detailed information for the primers we used in our study. F, forward; R: reverse.
title: Research contributions of the German Environment Agency on sustainable software and future steps in sustainable software development and green coding
Creators: name: Zagorski, Anna
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023

description: Digitalization gives rise to new business models and services that are predominantly based on software-related innovations. The disciplines of software development have so far not been subject to any limitation by technology, because inefficient programming is often compensated for by more efficient hardware, e.g. by ever faster processors. Software often consumes an unnecessarily large amount of hardware resources, and software programs with the same functionality can even consume different amounts of energy in the idle-mode. High hardware utilization - due to inefficient or bloated software - in turn affects the hardware renewal cycle in addition to high energy consumption. Software-related obsolescence of hardware is another problem that absolutely must be addressed in the future. The German Environment Agency has already been dedicated to the topic of "sustainable software" for about a decade and has carried out preliminary work and research projects in this context in order to address these problems. In order to promote transparency in the software development community and to provide developers with tools to reduce the energy consumption of software, the research project "SoftAWERE" was launched. This project was prepared by research related to the "Blue Angel" for resource and energy efficient software products. The "Blue Angel" represents the world's first label for such products and includes criteria for energy and resource efficiency as well as the potential useful life of the hardware and autonomy of use. Requirements such as the provision of security updates for five years, open data formats, modularity and freedom from advertising are all part of this eco-label. Thus, the "Blue Angel" for resource- and energy-efficient software products encompasses the concept of sustainability in a broad spectrum and also emphasizes the importance of user sovereignty. In general, through various research projects in the area of sustainable software development, the German Environment Agency aims to raise awareness of the energy and resource consumption of software in the scientific community as well as in the coding community and to focus on the transparency of these aspects. This contribution for EnviroInfo presents the German Environment Agency's research projects and at the same time outlines the future steps towards sustainable software development.
Planetary Nebulae in Face-On Spiral Galaxies. III. Planetary Nebula Kinematics and Disk Mass
Creators: name: Herrmann, Kimberly A.
name: Ciardullo, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Much of our understanding of dark matter halos comes from the assumption that the mass-to-light ratio (M/L) of spiral disks is constant. The best way to test this hypothesis is to measure the disk surface mass density directly via the kinematics of old disk stars. To this end, we have used planetary nebulae (PNe) as test particles and have measured the vertical velocity dispersion (sigma_z) throughout the disks of five nearby, low-inclination spiral galaxies: IC 342, M74 (NGC 628), M83 (NGC 5236), M94 (NGC 4736), and M101 (NGC 5457). By using HI to map galactic rotation and the epicyclic approximation to extract sigma_z from the line-of-sight dispersion, we find that, with the lone exception of M101, our disks do have a constant M/L out to ~3 optical scale lengths. However, once outside this radius, sigma_z stops declining and becomes flat with radius. Possible explanations for this behavior include an increase in the disk mass-to-light ratio, an increase in the importance of the thick disk, and heating of the thin disk by halo substructure. We also find that the disks of early type spirals have higher values of M/L and are closer to maximal than the disks of later-type spirals, and that the unseen inner halos of these systems are better fit by pseudo-isothermal laws than by NFW models.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables; accepted to ApJ
When do nonlinear filters achieve maximal accuracy?
Creators: name: van Handel, Ramon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 93E11, 60G10, 62M20, 93B07, 94A12

description: The nonlinear filter for an ergodic signal observed in white noise is said to achieve maximal accuracy if the stationary filtering error vanishes as the signal to noise ratio diverges. We give a general characterization of the maximal accuracy property in terms of various systems theoretic notions. When the signal state space is a finite set explicit necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained, while the linear Gaussian case reduces to a classic result of Kwakernaak and Sivan (1972).
description: 18 pages
Photon Counting OTDR : Advantages and Limitations
Creators: name: Eraerds, Patrick
name: Legre, Matthieu
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Zbinden, Hugo
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give detailed insight into photon counting OTDR (nu-OTDR) operation, ranging from Geiger mode operation of avalanche photodiodes (APD), analysis of different APD bias schemes, to the discussion of OTDR perspectives. Our results demonstrate that an InGaAs/InP APD based nu-OTDR has the potential of outperforming the dynamic range of a conventional state-of-the-art OTDR by 10 dB as well as the 2-point resolution by a factor of 20. Considering the trace acquisition speed of nu-OTDRs, we find that a combination of rapid gating for high photon flux and free running mode for low photon flux is the most efficient solution. Concerning dead zones, our results are less promising. Without additional measures, e.g. an optical shutter, the photon counting approach is not competitive.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication by IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology
Tropospheric Response to Stratospheric Perturbations in a Relatively Simple General Circulation Model
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Kushner, Paul J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper
Meteorology

description: The sensitivity of the tropospheric extratropical circulation to thermal perturbations of the polar stratosphere is examined in a dry primitive equation general circulation model with zonally symmetric forcing and boundary conditions. For sufficiently strong cooling of the polar winter stratosphere, the winter-hemisphere tropospheric jet shifts polewards and strengthens markedly at the surface; this is accompanied by a drop in surface pressure at high latitudes in the same hemisphere. In addition, this extratropical tropospheric response is found to be very similar to the model's leading pattern of internal variability. These results are tested for robustness at several horizontal and vertical resolutions, and the same tropospheric response is observed at all but the lowest resolution tested. The behavior of this relatively simple model is broadly consistent with recent observational and modeling studies of trends in extratropical atmospheric variability.
Distributed Kalman Filter via Gaussian Belief Propagation
Creators: name: Bickson, Danny
name: Shental, Ori
name: Dolev, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.5

description: Recent result shows how to compute distributively and efficiently the linear MMSE for the multiuser detection problem, using the Gaussian BP algorithm. In the current work, we extend this construction, and show that operating this algorithm twice on the matching inputs, has several interesting interpretations. First, we show equivalence to computing one iteration of the Kalman filter. Second, we show that the Kalman filter is a special case of the Gaussian information bottleneck algorithm, when the weight parameter $β= 1$. Third, we discuss the relation to the Affine-scaling interior-point method and show it is a special case of Kalman filter. Besides of the theoretical interest of this linking estimation, compression/clustering and optimization, we allow a single distributed implementation of those algorithms, which is a highly practical and important task in sensor and mobile ad-hoc networks. Application to numerous problem domains includes collaborative signal processing and distributed allocation of resources in a communication network.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, appeared in the 46th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing, Allerton House, Illinois, Sept. 2008
Time-dependent radiative transfer with PHOENIX
Creators: name: Jack, D.
name: Hauschildt, P. H.
name: Baron, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We present first results and tests of a time-dependent extension to the general purpose model atmosphere code PHOENIX. We aim to produce light curves and spectra of hydro models for all types of supernovae. Methods. We extend our model atmosphere code PHOENIX to solve time-dependent non-grey, NLTE, radiative transfer in a special relativistic framework. A simple hydrodynamics solver was implemented to keep track of the energy conservation of the atmosphere during free expansion. Results. The correct operation of the new additions to PHOENIX were verified in test calculations. Conclusions. We have shown the correct operation of our extension to time-dependent radiative transfer and will be able to calculate supernova light curves and spectra in future work.
description: 7 pages, 12 figures
title: Management of climate protection measures in peatland areas in Schleswig-Holstein
Creators: name: Hosenfeld, Friedhelm
name: Tiffert, Johannes
name: Jugelt, Matthias
name: Bretschneider, Angelika
name: Krummheuer, Yvette
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Peatland protection
subject: nature conservation
subject: climate protection
subject: restoration measures
subject: CO2 emission reduction
subject: web GIS application
subject: Disy Cadenza
subject: PHP
subject: PostGIS

description: The peatland database application Schleswig-Holstein is presented, a web application for the management of geospatial and non-geospatial data covering peatland protection, which was designed and implemented on behalf of the nature conservation departments of the Ministry for Energy Transition, Climate Protection, Environment and Nature of Schleswig-Holstein (MEKUN) and the State Agency for the Environment of Schleswig-Holstein (LfU). The development of the web application was based on the IT requirements for the collection, research, evaluation, and reporting of peatland data. Other applications already used by the nature conservation authorities, such as a nature conservation measures database and a protected areas register, were linked to the peatland database. The implementation was carried out as a PHP application that was integrated into the Disy Cadenza evaluation and GIS platform. Particular challenges included dynamic integration of measures from the nature conservation measures database. For restoration measures, a function is provided that automatically determines the reduction of CO2 emissions.
title: Graph-Based Time Token Recognition using Graph Neural Networks and Stanza Library
Creators: name: Doms, Nicolas
name: Woernle, LisaHahn
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graph Neural Network
subject: Entity Recognition
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Chronological Classification of Environmental Documents

description: This publication aims to explore the capabilities of the Stanza NLP library on one hand and Graph Neural Networks on the other hand by combining them in a time token classification task. After providing information on the German ”WikiWarsDE” dataset that is used for training, the evaluation dataset consisting of environmental documents as well as the transformations applied to both datasets to enhance the model, the setup of the Neural Network is presented. Afterwards, some early test results are evaluated before possible enhancements to the model are suggested.
Design of a strongly typed parallel programming language based on CSP
Creators: name: Lian, Benjamin Yin Hon
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Hoare's CSP espouses a very simple programming model, that of combining sequential processes in parallel so that they cooperate in the execution of a task, communicating values whenever required. Since its introduction in 1978, CSP has undergone major modifications, and has also been given an elegant and reasonably sound mathematical semantics based on the failures-divergence model. However, whereas the original version of CSP was offered as a partial language proposal, the current version is more of a calculus for specifying and reasoning about the observable (possibly nondeterministic) behaviour of processes. This is due in large part to three factors: (1) some of CSP's combinators for process composition are too abstract and powerful, and may have to be either modified or left out altogether; (2) there is no well-defined type system; (3) the syntax is not conducive to large-scale programming. This thesis presents the design of Impala, a strongly-typed imperative parallel programming language based on CSP. Impala, an acronym for 'Imperative Parallel Language', demonstrates that with care it is possible to produce a high-level process-oriented language that is intuitive and powerful, yet simple and practical. It is, in the first instance, suitable for general-purpose use, and achieves maximum functionality with minimum complexity and confusion. Also included are a summary. of CSP's failures-divergence semantics, and a preliminary report on Impala.
Rightsizing LISA
Creators: name: Stebbins, R. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LISA science requirements and conceptual design have been fairly stable for over a decade. In the interest of reducing costs, the LISA Project at NASA has looked for simplifications of the architecture, at downsizing of subsystems, and at descopes of the entire mission. This is a natural activity of the formulation phase, and one that is particularly timely in the current NASA budgetary context. There is, and will continue to be, enormous pressure for cost reduction from both ESA and NASA, reviewers and the broader research community. Here, the rationale for the baseline architecture is reviewed, and recent efforts to find simplifications and other reductions that might lead to savings are reported. A few possible simplifications have been found in the LISA baseline architecture. In the interest of exploring cost sensitivity, one moderate and one aggressive descope have been evaluated; the cost savings are modest and the loss of science is not.
description: To be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity; Proceedings of the Seventh International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, Spain, 16-20 Jun. 2008; 10 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables
Class of methods for discrete-time system identification and parameter tracking of sampled-data systems
Creators: name: Suryanarayanan, K.L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this work, methods for on-line identification of discrete-time systems and for parameter tracking of sampled-data systems are presented. These methods are suitable for implementation using small computers. A class of methods for the identification of the coefficients of linear and nonlinear difference equations is developed. The philosophy of identification is divided into three parts based on the norm of the error to be minimized. Techniques are derived using a common framework of minimization of these error functions, incorporating uniqueness and stability properties. Practical examples are included which demonstrate that among these proposed methods the identification error method solves the problem successfully. Extensions of these methods to continuous systems are briefly outlined. Methods are proposed for the generation of parameter sensitivity functions for sampled-data systems on a hybrid or a digital computer. Both linear and nonlinear systems are considered, and for a class of linear, systems,, an economical approach for the generation is developed, making extensive use of signal flow graph techniques. A new technique is devised for solving the problem of parameter tracking of linear and nonlinear sampled-data systems using the sensitivity functions. Examples are presented to demonstrate that the proposed techniques solve the problem.
title: Determination of Citizen Groups and Added Value for a Daily-Integrated Environmental Information Portal
Creators: name: Akyol, Ali
name: Dorkaev, Eugenia
name: Gómez, Jorge Marx
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: environmental information platform
subject: environmental information portal
subject: environmental information
subject: citizen participation
subject: air quality
subject: environmental data
subject: environmental information system
subject: EIP

description: Environmental and climate protection are becoming increasingly important in society. Despite the advancement of digitization in recent years, the publicly available environmental information portals (EIP) in Germany are not technically up-to-date and fall short of expectations. A thorough investigation of requirements and citizen groups is essential for the development of a novel environmental information portal. This work deals with the identification of the requirements and various citizen groups, especially the general public. Based on these findings, a concept for a tailored environmental information portal is developed. The first chapter, the introduction, addresses the motivation, the problem statement, and the research questions. Subsequently, the current state of research on environmental information and environmental information portals is examined. In the third chapter, the results of survey studies on the identification of citizen groups and their requirements are discussed. Based on this, a concept of a demand-driven environmental information portal tailored to the identified citizen groups is presented. In the concluding part, a summary and an outlook on further research areas of this work are provided.
title: Sustainable Software Engineering: Research Patterns and Trends through Artifacts from a Practitioner's Perspective
Creators: name: Degbeon, Michaela
name: Helfert, Markus
name: Muller, Patrick Rigot
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: environmental sustainability
subject: software engineering
subject: artifacts
subject: practitioners
subject: frameworks
subject: models
subject: processes

description: This study aims to uncover trends and patterns in sustainable software engineering research, with a particular focus on artifact-oriented outcomes and a practitioner’s perspective. Continuous research on the topic of environmentally sustainable software engineering practices is essential to mitigate the environmental impact of software products and advance software processes that promote sustainability. Despite recognizing the issue, many software industry practitioners struggle to identify sustainability requirements for software products during software development. Many are unaware of any applied process models or other software engineering artifacts to support sustainability in software engineering practices. This working paper intends to map practitioner-focused outcomes and academic research in sustainable software engineering. By adopting a practitioner's perspective, we categorize 11 types of software engineering artifacts. These artifacts represent tangible research outcomes for software practitioners and help with systematically analyzing academic publications on sustainable software engineering between 2001-2022. The analysis is based on a three-stage literature screening process, out of which three intermediate datasets are analyzed. The study provides valuable insights into the trends and patterns of research output, emphasizing the significance of artifacts and acknowledging their contribution to the field. The aim is to promote sustainable software engineering by considering and mapping the perspectives of both academics and practitioners. Furthermore, it opens up opportunities for future research and development.
Template engineering of Co-doped BaFe2As2 single-crystal thin films
Creators: name: Lee, S.
name: Jiang, J.
name: Nelson, C. T.
name: Bark, C. W.
name: Weiss, J. D.
name: Tarantini, C.
name: Jang, H. W.
name: Folkman, C. M.
name: Baek, S. H.
name: Polyanskii, A.
name: Abraimov, D.
name: Yamamoto, A.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Pan, X. Q.
name: Hellstrom, E. E.
name: Larbalestier, D. C.
name: Eom, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding new superconductors requires high-quality epitaxial thin films to explore intrinsic electromagnetic properties, control grain boundaries and strain effects, and evaluate device applications. So far superconducting properties of ferropnictide thin films appear compromised by imperfect epitaxial growth and poor connectivity of the superconducting phase. Here we report novel template engineering using single-crystal intermediate layers of (001) SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 grown on various perovskite substrates that enables genuine epitaxial films of Co-doped BaFe2As2 with high transition temperature (zero resistivity Tc of 21.5K), small transition widths (delta Tc = 1.3K), superior Jc of 4.5 MA/cm2 (4.2K, self field) and strong c-axis flux pinning. Implementing SrTiO3 or BaTiO3 templates to match the alkaline earth layer in the Ba-122 with the alkaline earth-oxygen layer in the templates opens new avenues for epitaxial growth of ferropnictides on multi-functional single crystal substrates. Beyond superconductors, it provides a framework for growing heteroepitaxial intermetallic compounds on various substrates by matching interfacial layers between templates and thin film overlayers.
Internal Variability of the Winter Stratosphere. Part I: Time-Independent Forcing
Creators: name: Scott, R. K.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Atmosphere, Upper
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper examines the nature and robustness of internal stratospheric variability, namely the variability resulting from the internal dynamics of the stratosphere itself, as opposed to that forced by external sources such as the natural variability of the free troposphere. Internal stratospheric variability arises from the competing actions of radiative forcing, which under perpetual winter conditions strengthens the polar vortex, and planetary wave breaking, which weakens it. The results from a stratosphere-only model demonstrate that strong internal stratospheric variability, consisting of repeated sudden warming-type events, exists over a wide range of realistic radiative and wave forcing conditions, and is largely independent of other physical and numerical parameters. In particular, the coherent form of the variability persists as the number of degrees of freedom is increased, and is therefore not an artifact of severe model truncation. Various diagnostics, including three-dimensional representations of the potential vorticity, illustrate that the variability is determined by the vertical structure of the vortex and the extent to which upward wave propagation is favored or inhibited. In this paper, the variability arising from purely internal stratosphere dynamics is isolated by specifying thermal and wave forcings that are completely time independent. In a second paper, the authors investigate the relative importance of internal and external variability by considering time-dependent wave forcing as a simple representation of tropospheric variability.
title: Assessment Power of ChatGPT in the Context of Environmental Compliance Management – Experiments with a Real-World Regulation Cadastre
Creators: name: Thimm, Heiko
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Legislation
subject: Corporate Environmental Compliance Management
subject: Generative Artificial Intelligence
subject: Large Language Models

description: In multiple research disciplines use cases built on Large Language Models in particular ChatGPT are at the centre of today’s discussions. For example, in various ongoing projects of the LegalTech area ChatGPT is evaluated in terms of its potential to replace routine work of lawyers. In a recently started project we are investigating the use of ChatGPT for a specific corporate compliance management task. In particular, based on a real-world test data set ChatGPT is prompted to assess the relevance of environmental regulations. The ChatGPT output is compared to the respective judgements of the human experts in order to obtain a first indication of the assessment power of ChatGPT in the compliance management domain. This research in progress article gives an overview of the evaluation approach and presents first results of a set of 142 test cases covering regulations from four different areas of environmental legislation.
Time Variability and Simmons–Wallace–Branstator Instability in a Simple Nonlinear One-Layer Model
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Esler, J. Gavin
name: Plumb, R. Alan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using a global, one-layer shallow water model, the response of a westerly flow to a localized mountain is investigated. A steady, linear response at small mountain heights successively gives way first to a steady flow in which nonlinearities are important and then to unsteady, but periodic, flow at larger mountain heights. At first the unsteady behavior consists of a low-frequency oscillation of the entire Northern Hemisphere zonal flow. As the mountain height is increased further, however, the oscillatory behavior becomes localized in the diffluent jet exit region downstream of the mountain. The oscillation then takes the form of a relatively rapid vortex shedding event, followed by a gradual readjustment of the split jet structure in the diffluent region. Although relatively simple, the model exhibits a surprisingly high sensitivity to slight parameter changes. A linear stability analysis of the time-averaged flow is able to capture the transition from steady to time-dependent behavior, but fails to capture the transition between the two distinct regimes of time-dependent response. Moreover, the most unstable modes of the time-averaged flow are found to be stationary and fail to capture the salient features of the EOFs of the full time-dependent flow. These results therefore suggest that, even in the simplest cases, such as the one studied here, a linear analysis of the time-averaged flow can be highly inadequate in describing the full nonlinear behavior.
A photometric and spectroscopic investigation of star formation in the very young open cluster NGC6383
Creators: name: Rauw, G.
name: Manfroid, J.
name: De Becker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The very young open cluster NGC 6383 centered on the O-star binary HD 159176 is an interesting place for studying the impact of early-type stars with strong radiation fields and powerful winds on the formation processes of low-mass stars. To investigate this process, it is necessary to determine the characteristics (age, presence, or absence of circumstellar material) of the population of low-mass pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars in the cluster. We obtained deep U B V (R I)_c H-alpha photometric data of the entire cluster as well as medium-resolution optical spectroscopy of a subsample of X-ray selected objects. Our spectroscopic data reveal only very weak H-alpha emission lines in a few X-ray selected PMS candidates. We photometrically identify a number of H-alpha emission candidates but their cluster membership is uncertain. We find that the fainter objects in the field of view have a wide range of extinction (up to A_V = 20), one X-ray selected OB star having A_V ~ 8. Our investigation uncovers a population of PMS stars in NGC 6383 that are probably coeval with HD 159176. In addition, we detect a population of reddened objects that are probably located at different depths within the natal molecular cloud of the cluster. Finally, we identify a rather complex spatial distribution of H-alpha emitters, which is probably indicative of a severe contamination by foreground and background stars.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Detrital Zircon Provenance of Mesoproterozoic to Cambrian Arenites in the Western United States and Northwestern Mexico
Creators: name: Stewart, John H.
name: Gehrels, George E.
name: Barth, Andrew P.
name: Link, Paul K.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Wrucke, Chester T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Petrology
subject: Geochemistry

description: U-Pb isotopic dating of detrital zircon from supracrustal Proterozoic and Cambrian arenites from the western United States and northern Mexico reveal three main age groups, 1.90 to 1.62 Ga, 1.45 to 1.40 Ga, and 1.2 to 1.0 Ga. Small amounts of zircons with ages of 3.1 to 2.5 Ga, 1.57 Ga, 1.32 Ga, 1.26 Ga, 0.7 Ga, and 0.5 Ga are also present. Detrital zircons ranging in age from 1.90 to 1.62 Ga and from 1.45 to 1.40 Ga are considered to have been derived from Proterozoic crystalline basement rocks of these known ages, and probably in part from reworked Proterozoic supracrustal sedimentary rocks, of the western United States. The 1.2 to 1.0 Ga detrital zircon ages from California, Arizona, and Sonora are characterized by distinct spikes (1.11 Ga, in particular) in the age-probability plots. These spikes are interpreted to indicate the influx of zircon from major silicic volcanic fields. Igneous rocks such as the Pikes Peak Granite (1.093 Ga) of Colorado, and the Aibo Granite (1.110 Ga) of Sonora, Mexico, may represent the deeply eroded roots of such volcanic fields. Samples from farther north along the Cordilleran margin that contain abundant 1.2–1.0 Ga detrital zircons do not show spikes in the age distribution, but rather ages spread out across the entire 1.2–1.0 Ga range. These age spectra resemble those for detrital zircons from the Grenville province, which is considered their source. Less common detrital zircons had a variety of sources. Zircons ranging in age from 3.36 to 2.31 Ga were apparently derived from inland parts of the North American continent from Wyoming to Canada. Zircons of about 1.577 Ga are highly unusual and may have had an exotic source; they may have come from Australia and been deposited in North America when Australia and North America were juxtaposed as part of the hypothetical Rodinian supercontinent. Detrital zircon of ∼1.320 Ga apparently had the same source as that for tuff (1.320 Ga) in the Pioneer Shale of the Apache Group in Arizona. Detrital zircons of about 1.26 Ga in the Apache Group and Troy Quartzite appear to be related to local, approximately coeval volcanic fields. Zircons of about 0.7 Ga may have had a source in igneous rocks related to rifting of the Proterozoic supercontinent of Rodinia, and 0.5 Ga zircons a source in relatively small areas of granitic rocks of this known, or inferred, age in Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Star Clusters - VI. The globular cluster NGC 6397
Creators: name: Giersz, M.
name: Heggie, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe Monte Carlo models for the dynamical evolution of the nearby globular cluster NGC 6397. The code includes treatments of two-body relaxation, most kinds of three- and four-body interactions involving primordial binaries and those formed dynamically, the Galactic tide, and the internal evolution of both single and binary stars. We arrive at a set of initial parameters for the cluster which, after 12Gyr of evolution, gives a model with a fairly satisfactory match to the surface brightness profile, the velocity dispersion profile, and the luminosity function in two fields. We describe in particular those aspects of the evolution which distinguish this cluster from M4, which has a roughly similar mass and Galactocentric distance, but a qualitatively different surface brightness profile. Within the limitations of our modelling, we conclude that the most plausible explanation for the difference is fluctuations: both clusters are post-collapse objects, but sometimes have resolvable cores and sometimes not.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, MNRAS, in press; revised in response to referee report
Images of the maker : the artist-character in the English novel, 1837-1944
Creators: name: Livett, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The title of this thesis, Images of the Maker, has been chosen to suggest that during the period 1837 to 1944, the artist-character in the novel emerges as a significant reflection of the various writers' thoughts about creation, both artistic and divine. This study looks at artist-characters in the belief that they can shed light on individual novels and suggest interesting connections between apparently disparate works. Although any discussion which includes the social and religious placement of the artist-character must take note of such difficult abstractions as \culture\" \"aesthetics\" and \"metaphysics\" the approach through history or philosophy has been avoided as far as possible. The aim has been to concentrate on ideas revealed by the texts themselves. In the first chapter the artist-character in novels of the Victorian period is examined. Changes in attitude towards the artist as Romantic stereotype are shown to be connected with both Christianity and science. From the basis of issues established here Chapter II discusses Henry James's concern withthe morality of art in its relation to life. This is seen as central to his artistic endeavour. The chapter explores the manifestation of this concern in a variety of artist-characters. The quite different artist-characters of Wells Bennett and Galsworthy analysed in Chapter III support the notion of a split in attitudes at the turn of the century. However while there is much in the work of these writers to confirm the general view of them as philistines undisturbed by the tensions which produce the aesthete or naturalist their approach to the artist (particularly as architect) shows their concern with the social relevance of art. During the discussion in the first three chapters the nature of the artist's difficulties in the early twentieth century begins to emerge. This leads to a consideration of the novels of Forster Woolf and Lawrence. The last chapter on Joyce Cary's first trilogy suggests ways in which an understanding of the artist's transformations during this period can help to give critical bearings for an assessment of the post-modernist novel in which the writer's struggle with his own creation has been a persistent theme."
Stratospheric Influence on the Tropospheric Circulation Revealed by Idealized Ensemble Forecasts
Creators: name: Gerber, E. P.
name: Orbe, Clara
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Atmosphere
Meteorology
Atmosphere, Upper

description: The coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere following Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW) events is investigated in an idealized atmospheric General Circulation Model, with focus on the influence of stratospheric memory on the troposphere. Ensemble forecasts are performed to confirm the role of the stratosphere in the observed equatorward shift of the tropospheric midlatitude jet following an SSW. It is demonstrated that the tropospheric response to the weakening of the lower stratospheric vortex is robust, but weak in amplitude and thus easily masked by tropospheric variability. The amplitude of the response in the troposphere is crucially sensitive to the depth of the SSW. The persistence of the response in the troposphere is attributed to both the increased predictability of the stratosphere following an SSW, and the dynamical coupling between the tropospheric jet and lower stratosphere. These results suggest value in resolving the stratosphere and assimilating upper atmospheric data in forecast models.
Sequence Stratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic Infra Krol Formation and Krol Group, Lesser Himalaya, India
Creators: name: Jiang, Ganqing
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Kaufman, Alan J.
name: Banerjee, Dhiraj M.
name: Rai, Vibhuti
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geochemistry
subject: Geomorphology

description: A sequence stratigraphic study of terrigenous and carbonate rocks of the Infra Krol Formation and Krol Group in the Lesser Himalaya fold and thrust belt of northern India was undertaken as part of a broader investigation of the significance of carbon isotope data in Neoproterozoic successions. Eight regional stratigraphic discontinuities were traced over a distance of nearly 300 km, and interpretations were anchored in a series of local studies involving the mapping of key beds and the measurement of closely spaced sections. Three of the regional surfaces are interpreted as sequence boundaries on the basis of (1) locally developed incised valleys less than 60 m deep; (2) paleokarstic depressions with less than 50 m of mappable relief; (3) subaerial dissolution and weathering products (breccias and calcrete) filling vertical fissures, dikes, cavities, and shallow depressions in underlying carbonate rocks; and (4) small-scale evidence for subaerial exposure at an erosion surface. The remaining five discontinuities are regional flooding surfaces identified on the basis of either facies changes with an abrupt upward deepening across the surface or transitions in facies stacking patterns, typically from forestepping to backstepping. A glacio-eustatic origin is permitted, although not required, for the three sequence boundaries, but no evidence has been found for marked lowering of sea level at other horizons. A mismatch between the stratigraphic location of sequence boundaries and carbon isotope minima suggests that local diagenetic alteration or oceanographic phenomena unrelated to glaciation may be in part responsible for observed isotopic variation, and that small ice sheets may have existed during apparently nonglacial times without producing either cap carbonates or negative carbon isotope excursions.
Soft radiation in heavy-particle pair production: all-order colour structure and two-loop anomalous dimension
Creators: name: Beneke, M.
name: Falgari, P.
name: Schwinn, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a factorization formula for the production of pairs of heavy coloured particles in hadronic collisions at the production threshold, which forms the basis for the resummation of soft gluons and Coulomb gluons. We construct a basis in colour space that diagonalizes the soft function appearing in the factorization formula to all orders in perturbation theory. This extends recent results on the structure of soft anomalous dimensions and allows us to determine an analytic expression for the two-loop soft anomalous dimension at threshold for all production processes of interest.
description: 36 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures. v2 matches published version (improved discussion of NNLL resummation, note added on work by Ferroglia et al.)
On the Meridional Structure of Annular Modes
Creators: name: Wittman, Matthew A. H.
name: Charlton, Andrew J.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Atmosphere, Upper
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using a simple stochastic model, the authors illustrate that the occurrence of a meridional dipole in the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of a time-dependent zonal jet is a simple consequence of the north–south excursion of the jet center, and this geometrical fact can be understood without appealing to fluid dynamical principles. From this it follows that one ought not, perhaps, be surprised at the fact that such dipoles, commonly referred to as the Arctic Oscillation (AO) or the Northern Annular Mode (NAM), have robustly been identified in many observational studies and appear to be ubiquitous in atmospheric models across a wide range of complexity.
Composing for flute ensembles : some observations based on a repertory survey, and the study of selected recent compositions
Creators: name: Liebert, DM
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The main purpose of this dissertation is to discover and examine, from a composer's point of view, the characteristics and idiosyncrasies of ensembles comprised of only flutes. A secondary and complementary purpose is to study the flute ensemble repertory, as defined by a survey undertaken for this task. In fulfilment of the aforementioned primary purpose, eleven recent pieces have been selected for detailed study. These are first examined separately, and then compared, with reference to their use of specific musical elements. Also examined, are three flute ensemble compositions by the present writer, one of which was composed in parallel with this dissertation. A number of musical examples, referred to in the text in relation to both categories of works studied, are included immediately following the appendices. Appendix One contains a list of the works on which my examination of the flute ensemble repertoire is based. Appendix Two briefly examines the various sizes of flutes which may be encountered within this repertoire.