cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Design, construction, and characterization of an interference-filter stabilized external-cavity diode laser
Creators: name: Bowden, William
name: Quentin, Damien
name: Sun, Jon-Paul
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: As scientists understand more about the principles of atomic physics, they need tools which allow them to conduct precise measurements which reveal the fundamental properties of the building blocks of matter. One of the most important of these tools is the laser—a coherent light source with well defined frequency—that is capable of exciting and even cooling atoms. In this report we develop techniques for measuring the linewidth and stability of narrow bandwidth interference filter-stabilized external cavity diode lasers. Based on the characterization of two prototypes lasers, we identified key design parameters affecting laser linewidth and stability. Using these results, we designed a monolithic, hermetically sealable, diode laser using the same interference based feedback system. Using characterization techniques found in literature, such as self-heterodyne and heterodyne interference linewidth measurements, we measured an upper limit for the prototype diode laser linewidth of 10 kHz. This is significantly less than the upper limit of 100 kHz defined in the project proposal. We ensured the output was stable and capable of continuous single mode operation using a Fabry–Pérot interferometer. Precise focal lengths of optical components within the cavity were measured using a conventional knife-edge technique. The effects of misalignment on laser performance were investigated to provide reasonable tolerances for machining and adjustment ranges of components. The optical transmission of a commercial and a custom manufactured interference filter were characterized using variable angle transmission tests. This data was used to determine the tuning range and precision of the optical filters within the cavity to achieve the desired frequency range and sensitivity of hundreds of GHz and 1 GHz respectively. We have demonstrated that the desired performance characteristics can be achieved using interference filter-stabilized diode lasers. Therefore, we recommend a more robust laser should be fabricated whose design is outlined and justified in this report. This monolithic design will have improved stability and increased sensitivity to frequency tuning. This device must be characterized using the methods developed when testing the prototype lasers to ensure it meets its performance specifications. We outline issues with these testing methods and explain why we believe a conventional heterodyne measurement using two lasers would provide more accurate results than the self-heterodyne measurement. However, this will require the implementation of a control system to lock the lasers together to limit drifting of the beat frequency. This drifting is currently preventing accurate linewidth measurements. After completion of the above mentioned experiments and performance goals for the laser are met, multiple laser units can be manufactured for general use for atomic physics applications.
Vertrauenswürdige KI und verwandte Konzepte verstehen und anwenden
Creators: name: Wulf, Jessica
name: Fischer-Pressler, Diana
name: Uhler, Lydia
name: Heidingsfelder, Marie Lena
name: Kaiser, Simone
name: Kutz, Janika
name: Neuhüttler, Jens
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Vertrauenswürdige KI
KI-Ethik
Herausforderungen in der Praxis
Erklärbare KI
Fairness

description: KI-Systeme bieten vielfältige Potenziale für Unternehmen und werden bereits heute in immer mehr Bereichen des unternehmerischen Alltags eingesetzt. Damit Unternehmen die vorhandenen Potenziale für sich nutzen können, müssen die unterschiedlichen Risiken, die mit KI-Systemen verbunden sind, minimiert werden. Genau hier setzen ethische Konzepte zu KI-Systemen an. In diesem Whitepaper wird das Konzept der vertrauenswürdigen KI als Orientierungsrahmen verwendet und mit den Konzepten erklärbare KI, ethische KI, faire KI, grüne KI, menschenzentrierte KI und verantwortliche KI in Bezug gesetzt. Dabei ergeben sich große Überschneidungen zwischen den analysierten Konzepten - der Unterschied liegt in den Schwerpunkten der jeweiligen Konzepte. Darüber hinaus werden die Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung solcher Konzepte in die Praxis thematisiert und Empfehlungen abgeleitet.
Leveraging YOLO for Real-Time Video Analysis of Animal Welfare in Slaughtering Processes
Creators: name: Amalraj, Anandraj
name: Graß, Alexander
name: Jentsch, Marc
name: Kitschke, Felix
name: Norz, Maximilian
name: Schäffer, Patric
name: Beecks, Christian
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: YOLO
Computer Vision
AI Application
Animal Welfare
Pig Slaughtering

description: Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist eine der Schlüsseltechnologien in unserem digitalen Informationszeitalter. Innovative KI-Ansätze finden sich in nahezu allen Lebensbereichen wieder und erleichtern und unterstützen unsere tägliche Arbeit, insbesondere bei der Bearbeitung von komplexen, wirtschaftlichen oder industriellen Fragestellungen. In diesem Beitrag betrachten wir den Anwendungsbereich Tierschutz und stellen die Entwicklung des Projekts Tierwohl-KI vor. Das Ziel dieses Projekts besteht in der Verbesserung des Tierschutzes in Schlachtbetrieben. Dazu werden Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz entwickelt und eingesetzt, um die Möglichkeiten der amtlichen und betrieblichen Tierschutzkontrollen zu erweitern. Wir beschreiben die Durchführung dieses Projekts entlang des Data Science Process Modells (DASC-PM) und zeigen, wie die einzelnen Phasen dieses Vorgehensmodells, vom Projektauftrag bis hin zur Nutzbarmachung, durchgeführt und implementiert werden. Die dabei gewonnenen Einblicke und Erkenntnisse sind sowohl für Forschende als auch für anwendungsorientierte Fachleute im Bereich Data Science nützlich.
description: Artificial intelligence has empowered digitization into a new era of intelligent systems. Machine learning solutions are being tailored to various application scenarios, leading to automated functionalities along complex real world processes. In this paper, we investigate the domain of animal welfare and present our latest findings in relation to the detection of animal welfare violations. To this end, we introduce four different situations of increased animal welfare risk occurring in a slaughtering process and elucidate different deep learning approaches to detect these situations based on video data. Though the reported results are considered to be preliminary, our solution already detects most of the situations of increased animal welfare risk with high accuracy.
Directed Acoustic Assembly in 3D
Creators: name: Melde, Kai
name: Shi, Minghui
name: Kremer, Heiner
name: Seneca, Senne
name: Frey, Christoph
name: Platzman, Ilia
name: Degel, Christian
name: Schmitt, Daniel
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
name: Fischer, Peer
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: one-step
directed assembly
acoustic hologram
radiation force

description: The creation of whole 3D objects in one shot is an ultimate goal for rapid prototyping, most notably biofabrication, where conventional methods are typically slow and apply mechanical or chemical stress on biological cells. Here, we demonstrate one-step assembly of matter to form compact 3D shapes using acoustic forces, which is enabled by the superposition of multiple holographic fields. The technique is contactless and shown to work with solid microparticles, hydrogel beads and biological cells inside standard labware. The structures can be fixed via gelation of the surrounding medium. In contrast to previous work, this approach handles matter with positive acoustic contrast and does not require opposing waves, supporting surfaces or scaffolds. We envision promising applications in tissue engineering and additive manufacturing.
Enabling the Metaverse. Whitepaper on international user preferences, business models and innovation processes in the metaverse
Creators: name: Duwe, Daniel
name: Busch, Malte
name: Weissenberger-Eibl, Marion
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: Metaverse
Metaversum
Preferences
Business models
Innovation process

description: The Metaverse is on everyone's lips. After all, it is being treated as the successor to the Internet. Companies around the world are investing millions in its development. But so far it is unclear whether the preferences of people from different parts of the world about the Metaverse coincide or diverge. Therefore, over 1,500 people from Germany, the US and China were surveyed about their preferences in using the Metaverse. The results are presented in this whitepaper. In addition, an introductory overview of relevant functions and technologies is given and, following the survey results, it is shown what impact the Metaverse can have on companies' business models and innovation processes and how they can approach the Metaverse.
Fuel efficiency meter prototype : “Mileage Master”
Creators: name: Porter, Devan
name: Zheng, Sandra
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The intent of designing a fuel efficiency meter was mainly to provide end users with a tool to monitor their instantaneous mileage while driving. This has the capability of allowing users to develop their driving skills to reduce fuel costs and improve the overall sustainability of the environment. A number of other features have been integrated into the instrument as the project progressed, including trip mileage, fuel flow, digital speed, and best efficiency speed. A prototype was built as a team effort between January and March 2011. The design and implementation of the prototype involved integrating a flow sensor with appropriate flow capacity, assembling a suitable user interface, and programming a menu using an Arduino environment to accommodate the different features in an efficient manner. The resulting prototype is comprised of a compact enclosure with three push buttons for “select,” “next,” and “back,” and a fuel flow sensor that can be inserted into the fuel line of most vehicles. The next step in this project would be to assess it for small-scale production and market it over the internet. It is then recommended to look into further testing procedures to have a certain degree of quality assurance before proposing the product to distributors. A number of obstacles and regulations may be involved should the project eventually enter this stage.
Robust N-1 secure HV grid flexibility estimation for TSO-DSO coordinated congestion management with deep reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Wang, Zhenqi
name: Wende-Von Berg, Sebastian
name: Braun, Martin
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: KI
Flexibilitäten
Netzberechnung
OPF
Hochspannungsnetze
Unsicherheiten

description: Nowadays, the PQ flexibility from the distributed energy resources (DERs) in the high voltage (HV) grids plays a more critical and significant role in grid congestion management in TSO grids. This work proposed a multi-stage deep reinforcement learning approach to estimate the PQ flexibility (PQ area) at the TSO-DSO interfaces and identifies the DER PQ setpoints for each operating point in a way, that DERs in the meshed HV grid can be coordinated to offer flexibility for the transmission grid. In the estimation process, we consider the steady-state grid limits and the robustness in the resulting voltage profile against uncertainties and the N-1 security criterion regarding thermal line loading, essential for real-life grid operational planning applications. Using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for PQ flexibility estimation is the first of its kind. Furthermore, our approach of considering N-1 security criterion for meshed grids and robustness against uncertainty directly in the optimization tasks offers a new perspective besides the common relaxation schema in finding a solution with mathematical optimal power flow (OPF). Finally, significant improvements in the computational efficiency in estimation PQ area are the highlights of the proposed method.
Genealogia di una forma di genere Pianissimo di Sbarbaro come diario poetico
Creators: name: Ghidinelli, Stefano
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2016

description: Il saggio propone, nella prima parte, una sintetica definizione preliminare del diario poetico come paradigma di genere della moderna letterarietà in versi. La tesi è che la lunga e ricca storia delle trasformazioni del genere lirico nell’ultimo secolo si possa inquadrare all’insegna di un processo di diarizzazione della forma-canzoniere, che determina una riattualizzazione complessiva dei dispositivi retorico/rappresentativi essenziali del libro lirico (enunciazione intercalata e intermittenza soggettiva), tanto nell’orizzonte testuale quanto in quello macrotestuale. Nella seconda parte il ragionamento stringe sull’analisi di Pianissimo di Camillo Sbarbaro come esempio paradigmatico di inventivo impiego del modulo diaristico in funzione non tanto dell’espressione liricamente immediata della vicenda di una soggettività, ma semmai della sceneggiatura quasi-drammatica di un regime di nervosa alternanza e pendolarità sclerotica fra una pluralità incomponibile (e irriducibile) di proprie/improprie manifestazioni attimali, irrelate e contraddittorie.

The first part of the essay offers a brief preliminary definition of the poetic diary as a paradigmatic genre of modern poetry. The long and rich history of lyric genre in the last century can be seen as originating from a process that has brought it closer to the form of the diary. This process implies an overall re-actualization of the rhetorical and representational devices of lyrical book (intercalated enunciation and subjective intermittence), both in textual as in macrotextual dimensions. In the second part the essay takes in analysis Camillo Sbarbaro’s Pianissimo as a paradigmatic example of inventive employ of the diary model. Rather than delivering the immediate lyrical expression of a subjective experience, Sbarbaro dramatizes a condition of nervous wavering and sclerotic fluctuation between an uncomposed and irreducible myriad of momentary self emergences, unrelated and contradictory.
description: ENTHYMEMA, N. 14 (2016)
Un secolo di cultura: intervista a Julia Dobrovolskaja
Creators: name: Talalay, Michail
name: Passalacqua, Franco
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2016
Subjects: Dobrovolskaja; traduzione; Propp; Moravia; Rodari; Lilja Brik

description: Julia Dobrovolskaja (Юлия Добровольская, traslitterazione scientifica: Julija Dobrovol’skaja, classe 1917) ripercorre in questa intervista alcuni snodi fondamentali del suo percorso professionale, ora soffermandosi sulla genesi e sullo sviluppo del lavoro di traduzione e di elaborazione metodologica, ora rileggendo con lucido distacco la fitta rete di relazioni intessuta con il mondo letterario italiano a partire dagli anni ’60 del secolo scorso. Attraverso improvvise deviazioni geografiche e repentini salti temporali, la grande linguistica, lessicografa, traduttrice passa dal confronto con il maestro Vladimir Propp all'eterna amicizia con Lilja Brik, dal controverso legame con Gianni Rodari al dialogo con Alberto Moravia, per giungere, infine, all'arrivo in Italia, e all'incontro, negli anni ’80, con l'area dei russisti dell'accademia italiana e con le loro contraddizioni. Un itinerario avventuroso e storicamente appassionante che consente di scoprire, dalla sua voce, una straordinaria protagonista della cultura russa e italiana alla soglia del suo centenario.

Julia Dobrovolskaja remembers some fundamental moments of her professional life, talking about the beginning and the development of her career as a translator and the elaboration of her own methodology. She recollects with coolness the impressive network of relations built with the Italian literary world since the ’60s. With sudden geographical and temporal deviations, the great linguists, lexicographer and translator talks about her confrontation with the mentor Vladimir Propp, the longstanding friendship with Lilija Brik, the controversial relation with Gianni Rodari, the dialogue with Alberto Moravia, the arrival in Italy and her encounter with the scholars of Russian culture in the Italian academia in the ’80. An adventurous and engaging journey that let us discover an extraordinary protagonist of the Russian and Italian culture on the threshold of her 100th birthday.
description: ENTHYMEMA, N. 14 (2016)
Transport and Infrastructure. Final Version
Creators: name: Ragwitz, Mario
name: Schlögl, Robert
name: Carcadea, Elena
name: Els, Stijn Van
name: Kober, Tom
name: May, Nadine
name: Sicilia Salvadores, Maria
name: Stehlik, Karin
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: agenda process
infrastructure
transport

description: This position paper comprises initial ideas, research questions and thought-provoking input to promote European competitiveness with regard to transport infrastructure for green hydrogen. It was developed by the designated expert group for Transport and Infrastructure of the agenda process on green hydrogen on the basis of a seed paper. Following a public consultation carried out in August and September 2021, the paper was further developed and refined in a thematic workshop on 7/8 October 2021 in Berlin. Key aspects of this final position paper have been incorporated into a joint strategic research and innovation agenda (SRIA), the main out-come of the agenda process on green hydrogen.
Functional E-integration using Wire Encapsulating Additive Manufacturing
Creators: name: Ziervogel, Fabian
name: Boxberger, Lukas
name: Mauersberger, Valentin Wilhelm
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2025
Subjects: WEAM
Wire Encapsulating Additive Manufacturing

description: Die am Fraunhofer IWU entwickelte WEAM-Technologie (Wire Encapsulating Additive Manufacturing) basiert auf dem Prozess der Fused Filament Deposition und kann verschiedene Leitungselemente vollautomatisiert auf verschiedenen Substraten ablegen und anbinden. Der Prozess nutzt Standard-Einzeldrähte oder Litzen, die durch ein Mantelpolymer umschlossen werden. Polymere und Leitermaterialien können dabei unabhängig und entsprechend der Anwendung gewählt werden. Das Mantelpolymer bietet eine elektrische Isolation und stellt zudem die Anbindung zum Substrat her. Das verwendete Leitermaterial und die aufgebrachte Geometrie bestimmen die elektrische Funktion. So können Leistungsanwendungen wie Power Supply oder Heizungen, aber auch verschiedenste Sensoren, Aktoren oder Funktionselemente wie Antennen oder Spulen realisiert werden.
Viktor Krivulin: lo spirito pietroburghese
Creators: name: Talalay, Michail
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2016
Subjects: V. Krivulin; M. Sabbatini; traduzione poesia russa; samizdat; underground; cultura pietroburghese

description: Recensiamo il libro del poeta pietroburghese Krivulin, Viktor. Concerto a richiesta e altre poesie. Ed. Marco Sabbatini. Bagno a Ripoli: Passigli, 2016.
description: ENTHYMEMA, N. 14 (2016)
Devising a recipe to synthesize indium antimonide single-nanowire field effect transistors with OHMIC contacts
Creators: name: Lam, Rudy
name: Lee, Shaun (Won Sug)
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The goal of this project was to deliver functional nanowire FETs made with Indium Antimonide nanowires to our sponsor Dr. Mario Beaudoin. To create nanowire FETs, first we created a grid of Ti/Au bonding pads on an oxidized silicon wafer using photolithography. InSb nanowires, provided by our sponsor, was then deposited onto the grid, after which they were mapped using scanning electron microscope. Lengthy ( ~10 μm ), un-clumped nanowires were chosen and then Ti/Au contact lines between nanowires and their nearest bonding pads were drawn using electron-beam lithography. The final step was performing a Voltage-current measurement on the nanowire FETs in order to examine whether the nanowires made ohmic contacts with the contact lines. The measurement results showed that our method of fabrication accurately produced functional contact lines at desired locations; however the results were regrettably inconclusive in revealing whether the contacts were ohmic. The two possible reasons for the inconclusive results were low break-down voltage of the nanowires (~10 milli-volts) and insufficient resolution of the probe station. Due to the nanowires’ high resistance (~106 ohm), the maximum current allowed before the break-down of the nanowires was in the order of nano-amperes, which was the limit of the current source’s resolution. Therefore, resulting voltage-current curve showed an atypical behavior that does not correspond to either ohmic or non-ohmic contacts. After discussion with the project sponsor, it was decided to end the project at this point since a probe station with sufficient resolution was not available. More meaningful voltage-current curve might be observed in a low-temperature measurement as the resistance of the nanowires decreases significantly at a very low temperature, but such measurement was outside the scope of this project. For future projects, we have a few recommendations that could improve the synthesis process. First, a new set of more-closely-spaced alignment markers should be introduced in order to accommodate smaller nanowires because much time had to be spent finding sufficiently big nanowires that can work with the current pattern. Also, by beginning the training session sooner and making it more customized and structured for this project, the time required to produce first successful nanowire FETs can be shortened.
Ultrafast microfluidic drop sorter
Creators: name: Mulholland, Brendan
name: Da Costa, Daniel
name: Eldridge, Dale
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This project sought to design, implement and test a high-throughput fluorescence measurement system capable of measuring the fluorescence of picolitre-volume aqueous droplets. Additionally, it is desired to sort these droplets into one of two populations based on the measured fluorescent intensity each individual droplet. While full implementation of this last objective was placed outside the scope of this project, research was conducted in order to direct future work. Ultimately, the system is intended to become a versatile tool that will be useful for a wide variety of applications in biology and biochemistry. An optical system capable of measuring fluorescent emission from two distinct fluorescent dyes (specifically, fluorescein and Quasar 670, or equivalent) was designed. Optical and mechanical components were specified, sourced and ordered. LabVIEW software was developed to preview and record data collected from the system. MATLAB scripts were written to perform analysis of this data. A microfluidic droplet sorting device described in a 2010 PNAS publication by Agresti et al. was replicated. Droplet-generating microfluidic devices were designed, fabricated and demonstrated to function as expected. Measurement sensitivity (particularly to fluorescein), speed and robustness were identified as the critical indicators of system performance, and have been investigated in detail. The sensitivity limit was determined to lie in the range 10 – 30 nM, the system was verified to be capable of measuring droplet fluorescence at droplets flow rates of at least 649 droplets per second and the system was demonstrated to make and record fluorescent measurement data continuously for almost 4 hours. In order to physically sort droplets, it was determined that a high-voltage (~1kV), high-speed (1-20kHz) amplification circuit was required. Research was conducted into the feasibility of constructing a custom amplification circuit. It was determined that, while possible, this is a non-trivial design task which would require significant expertise and time commitment. Alternatives were investigated and it was determined that suitable commercial solutions are readily available, with the lowest end models starting at approximately $3000.
Computer Vision based Automated Screw Classification in Manufacturing
Creators: name: Kumar, Deepak
name: Holzbach, Gerrit
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Screw Classification
Screw Sorting
Computer Vision
Deep Learning
Assembly Assistance
Object Detection
Industrial Automation

description: The assembly of machine parts crucially depends on selecting the correct screws, varying in length, width, and head type (e.g., round, hex). High work rates in manufacturing, driven by cost considerations, often result in manual selection errors. Such inaccuracies necessitate time-consuming corrections, compromising efficiency and elevating costs. This research introduces a novel screw classification algorithm leveraging computer vision and deep learning to mitigate these issues. Central to the research is a deep learning segmentation model for screw identification, combined with custom image processing techniques for classification. This approach utilizes binary segmentation masks to determine screw attributes accurately. The training dataset includes real-world and synthetically generated images, ensuring robust model training. Experimental validation using mono and stereo camera setups demonstrates the algorithm's effectiveness, with stereo achieving a 95.1% accuracy and mono 92.6% across 41 screw types. Additional tests on batch uniformity and incorrect screw identification yielded precision and recall rates of 81.8% and 90%, respectively. These results not only confirm the algorithm's precision and reliability but also its potential in enhancing assembly line productivity, marking a substantial advancement in applying artificial intelligence in industrial automation.
Mastering Ramp-up of Battery Production
Creators: name: Dahmen, Christian
name: Degen, Florian
name: Eckstein, Markus Christian
name: Pouls, Kevin Bernard
name: Walter, Hendrik
name: Ludwigs, Robert
name: Scheibe, Artur
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Battery cell production
Battery production
Ramp-up process
Continuous improvement
Digitalization
Quality management

description: The shift to electric vehicles has led to a substantial increase in demand for battery cells. However, many newly established and even experienced manufacturers are struggling to meet production targets, facing overly high scrap rates and delayed start of production. These circumstances significantly impact profitability and the overall project viability. This white paper outlines the organizational and technical hurdles involved in ramping up a gigafactory. It also examines the potential consequences of these challenges, offering insights into how to overcome them and effectively manage this process. The ramp-up process in battery cell production is highly complex and significantly deviates from idealized models due to various technical and organizational factors. Key challenges include the complexity of both the product and process, the novelty of battery production in regions like Europe and the U.S., the scale and automation level of facilities, the availability of skilled workers. Additionally, cultural, and linguistic barriers can further complicate operations. These issues often lead to setbacks and deviations from initial plans, highlighting the importance of having strategies to manage these complexities effectively. Structured training programs, digital knowledge repositories, and continuous learning platforms are essential to ensure that critical information is communicated across all levels of the organization. A technical challenge lies in scaling production, optimizing process parameters, and managing defects. Addressing the intricate interdependencies between process and quality parameters requires the use of systematic root cause analysis to identify and resolve production issues. By integrating expert knowledge (e.g., error catalogs) with data-driven methods (e.g., traceability), manufacturers can enhance troubleshooting and drive continuous improvement.
Tangible Ecosystem Design
Creators: name: Koch, Matthias
name: Nass Bauer, Claudia
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Digitale Ökosysteme
Digitale Transformation
Plattformökonomie

description: Ein Digitales Ökosystem ist ein sozio-technisches System. Dies bedeutet, dass ein solches Ökosystem nicht nur digitale technische Systeme umfasst, sondern explizit Organisationen und Menschen sowie deren Beziehungen untereinander einschließt. Um die anspruchsvolle Aufgabe der Gestaltung eines erfolgreichen Ökosystem-Services zu bewältigen, stellen wir einen Ansatz vor, der Ökosystem-Initiatoren dabei hilft, ihre Stakeholder zu identifizieren und deren Motivationen auszubalancieren, um die oftmals große Ungewissheit hinsichtlich des Zusammenspiels verschiedenster Akteure abzubauen und schließlich ein Konzept für den Ökosystem-Service zu erstellen. Die Tangible Ecosystem Design (TED)-Methode führt einerseits zu einem greifbaren, das heißt konkreten, Entwurf, und hat andererseits das Potenzial, den Entwurf anfassbar zu machen. Wie das funktioniert und wie dies bei der Gestaltung Digitaler Ökosysteme hilft, stellen wir in diesem Whitepaper vor.
Which Method(s) to Pick when Evaluating Large Language Models with Humans? - A comparison of 6 methods
Creators: name: Popp, Birgit
name: Keck, Sarah
name: Mertsiotaki, Androniki
name: Kratsch, Emily
name: Daum, Alexander
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2025
Subjects: NLP
Evaluation
Human
Natural Language Processing
Large Language Models
LLM
ChatGPT
Method

description: Human evaluations are considered the gold standard for assessing the quality of NLP systems, including large language models (LLM), yet there is little research on how different evaluation methods impact results. This study compares six commonly used evaluation methods - four quantitative (Direct Quality Estimation, Best-Worst Scaling, AB Testing, Agreement with Quality Criterion) and two qualitative (spoken and written feedback) - to examine their influence on ranking texts generated by four LLMs. We found that while GPT-4 was consistently ranked as the top-performing model across methods, the ranking of other models varied considerably. In addition, methods differed in their cost-effectiveness, with Direct Quality Estimation emerging as the most efficient. Qualitative methods provided insights beyond quantitative methods, especially spoken feedback in moderated sessions. Participants reported challenges with task comprehension and evaluation interfaces. Our findings highlight that the choice of evaluation method and the implementation of the method can influence results, affecting both the validity and interpretability of human assessments. These findings suggest a need for methodological guidelines in human-centered evaluations of LLMs to improve reliability and reproducibility in NLP research.
Bewältigungsstrategien für den Fachkräftemangel
Creators: name: Hochfeld, Katharina
name: Fox, Daniel-Leonhard
name: Brückner, Laura
name: Uhler, Lydia
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: Fachkräftemangel
Kooperationsformate
Künstliche Intelligenz
Kooperation
Strategie
Innovation
Personalmanagement
Deutschland

description: Der Fachkräftemangel in Deutschland verschärft sich aufgrund verschiedener politischer, historischer und wirtschaftlicher Faktoren zunehmend. Insbesondere das Aufkommen von Technologien im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz zeigt die Notwendigkeit, dem Fachkräftemangel zu begegnen. Dazu gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten und Formate, die in einer Studie mit dem Schwerpunkt Kooperationsformate untersucht und diskutiert werden. Mittels umfangreicher Literaturrecherche und teilstrukturierter Experteninterviews werden Bewältigungsstrategien für unterschiedliche Ausgangssituationen identifiziert und verschiedene Kooperationsformate zwischen Unternehmen, Bildungs- und Forschungseinrichtungen herausgearbeitet. Die Studie unterstreicht die Bedeutung von Kooperationen für die Sicherung der Zukunfts- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der deutschen Industrie, insbesondere im Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz.
AI-supported Condition Monitoring in Practice: Insights from ProKInect
Creators: name: Mees, Valentin
name: Zenn, W.
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024

description: Digitalization in production enables efficient machine monitoring through sensors and IoT. The BMBF-funded ProKInect project aims to implement a manufacturer-independent condition monitoring system. Challenges include data protection and lack of standardization. Condition monitoring detects machine deviations at an early stage and optimizes maintenance. AI methods such as machine learning and fuzzy logic analyze sensor data and predict conditions. ProKInect uses adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems and possibilistic logic to manage uncertainty. A TruLaser laser cutting machine is used as a test platform. AI agents analyze motor current, speed, and sensor data. PySyft ensures secure data transmission and processing. An FMEA identifies error sources and exclusion criteria for accurate diagnosis. ProKInect demonstrates the effectiveness of possibilistic symptom evaluation and AI agents. Challenges such as sensor variability and data interpretation remain. Future research focuses on real-time analysis and federated learning to improve privacy. Ethics and transparency remain key issues. ProKInect has made progress in AI-based condition monitoring by combining physical models, neural networks, and fuzzy logic. Secure data processing using PySyft and accurate fault diagnosis using FMEA were critical. Future integration of additional data sources and ethical AI design promise further improvements.
How open data and interdisciplinary collaboration improve our understanding of space weather: A risk and resiliency perspective
Creators: name: Ledvina, Vincent
name: McGranaghan, Ryan
name: Palmerio, Erika
name: Halford, Alexa
name: Thayer, Aidan
name: Edson, Laura
name: MacDonald, Elizabeth
name: Hampton, Don
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Space weather refers to conditions around a star, like our Sun, and its interplanetary space that may affect space- and ground-based assets as well as human life. Space weather can manifest as many different phenomena, often simultaneously, and can create complex and sometimes dangerous conditions. The study of space weather is inherently trans-disciplinary, including subfields of solar, magnetospheric, ionospheric, and atmospheric research communities, but benefiting from collaborations with policymakers, industry, astrophysics, software engineering, and many more. Effective communication is required between scientists, the end-user community, and government organizations to ensure that we are prepared for any adverse space weather effects. With the rapid growth of the field in recent years, the current Solar Cycle 25 maximum, and the evolution of research-ready technologies, we believe that space weather deserves a reexamination in terms of a “risk and resiliency” framework. By utilizing open data science, cross-disciplinary collaborations, information systems, and citizen science, we can forge stronger partnerships between science, industry, and the public and improve our readiness as a society to mitigate space weather impacts. The objective of this talk is to raise awareness of these concepts as the solar maximum peaks, coinciding with an increasingly technology-dependent society, and introduce a unique way of approaching space weather through the lens of a risk and resiliency framework that can be used to further assess areas of improvement in the field.
Key Enabling Technologies in Europe: insights from patents and trademarks. RISIS Policy Brief Series Issue #12
Creators: name: Frietsch, Rainer
name: Neuhäusler, Peter
name: Rothengatter, Oliver
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: Key Enabling Technologies
PATSTAT database
ISI-Trademark (ISI-TM)

description: Key Enabling Technologies - Industrial Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Micro and Nano-Electronics, Photonics, Advanced Materials, Advanced Manufacturing Technologies - have been put high on the European policy agenda since the late 2000s. They are seen as highly relevant preconditions/inputs to secure the competitiveness in many sectors and areas as they are known to be key enablers for subsequent technological developments in other fields. This policy brief intends to shed a light on the diffusion of Key Enabling Technologies as such as well as in different areas of application. We compare trends of the EU-27 countries with relevant international competitor/partner countries, based on patent applications - from the PATSTAT database - and trademark filings from the ISI-Trademark Data Collection (ISI-TM), which offers a unique data source for the analysis of the diffusion of technologies.
Potential for migration of coastal redwood to British Columbia
Creators: name: Majidian, Maryam
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The recent economic recession combined with the mountain pine beetle epidemic had a negative impact on forestry sector in British Columbia. The damage they caused could be a sign to look for new markets for future. Although in recent years new markets have been opening up to the forestry industry no study has been done to look at the possibility of marketing a new tree species. Coastal redwood is one of the strongest and most insect resistant species in North America. This species lives in coastal California and a small part of Oregon and its timber is highly valuable and can be used for several purposes. Redwood can consume and store large amount of carbon, which makes it a profitable species in the carbon market. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of growing redwood in BC while comparing BC’s future climate to the past climate of California coast. The data utilized in predicting BC’s future climate is extrapolated from ClimateBC Software from 2020 to 2080. California historical data is taken from the Western Regional Climate Center and a long-term research trial that investigated the ecological implications of summer fog decline in coastal California. The result of comparison shows that BC can compete with coastal California in terms of precipitation and warm temperature. However, the future predictions show that BC is much too cold to support redwood’s survival for the next 70 years. Nevertheless, this result is faulty since there is no available data related to BEC Units’ zonal site or fog in BC. Future studies that examine the role of fog in BC can increase the chance of redwood’s introduction in this province. Although ClimateBC is sophisticated it uses data collected only until 2002. Future software improvements that include more recent data may result in more accurate predictions. The software also doesn’t include the “microclimatic effects” such as the effects of nearby lakes or snow pack on temperature. In addition, redwood habitat requirement criteria are biased due to the lack of historical data. Additional information about the past could modify our perception of redwood’s tolerance of BC’s environment.
Locations for Battery Electric Truck Charging based on Truck Stop Location Data
Creators: name: Plötz, Patrick
name: Speth, Daniel
name: Link, Steffen
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: electric vehicle
heavy-duty
truck
charging
infrastructure
electric vehicle supply equipment

description: A significant fleet of battery electric trucks (BET) is expected to be on the roads in Europe within a few years to curtail CO2 emissions from commercial vehicle operation, with large share from heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) in long-haul operation. However, the limited range of the battery HDV will make megawatt-charging necessary at stop locations but little is known empirically about long-haul truck stop locations. Here, we analyze a unique data set of 550,000 stop locations from 230,000 trucks in long-haul operation covering 35 European countries. We find stop locations are concentrated on densely populated areas in central Europe and close to large industrial areas as well as major roads. A small share of today's truck stop locations as potential future charging locations and a network of 1,400 public charging locations across Europe would lead to only 2 - 5 km mean distance per country from all of today's stop locations.
Wie Agenten und Foundation-Modelle bei der Versorgung Schwerverletzter helfen
Creators: name: Meyer, Mareen
name: Giesselbach, Sven
name: Antweiler, Dario
name: Defosse, Jérôme
name: Hensen, Sandra
name: Iser, Henri
name: Salge, Torsten Oliver
name: Stead, Susan
name: Tjardes, Thorsten
name: Waloßek, Nina
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Künstliche Intelligenz
Krankenhaus
Gesundheitswesen
Foundation model
Schockraum

description: Künstliche Intelligenz im Schockraum: Wie kann sie das medizinische Team entlasten und unterstützen, um die Behandlung für die Patient*innen sicherer und besser zu machen? Und welche Anwendungen eignen sich hierfür besonders? Hier kommt die Entwicklung neuer KI-Modelle ins Spiel. Insbesondere sogenannte Foundation-Modelle und Large-Language-Modelle (LLMs) ermöglichen die Umsetzung einer Vielzahl von neuen Use Cases im Krankenhaus. Diese umfassen die gesamte Kette klinischer Prozesse bis hin zu Extremsituationen, wie der Schwerverletzten-Versorgung im Schockraum. Besonders relevant ist, dass LLMs ein omnipräsentes Problem von Data Science in der Medizin lösen könnten: Sie können auch mit wenigen Trainingsdaten auf Use Cases adaptiert werden und liefern durch ihr tiefes Sprachverständnis fundiertere Ergebnisse, als es bisher möglich war. Eine besonders spannende Entwicklung stellen LLM-Agenten dar, die eine Umgebung analysieren und daraufhin eigenständig Aktionen, wie z. B. die Bedienung von Systemen über Schnittstellen, durchführen können. In diesem Whitepaper veranschaulichen wir den Nutzen von LLMs und Agenten anhand von zwei Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Schockraum, die im Rahmen des Projekts TraumAInterfaces umgesetzt wurden.
Forest Disturbance Impact on Flow Patterns and Anion Exports by Streamwater for a BC Coastal Douglas-fir Headwater Catchment.
Creators: name: Zhou, Jack
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The effect of disturbances in a forest, including logging and road construction, alters many hydrological processes in a forested watershed, changing overall hydrologic flowpaths and nutrient cycling. Changes in hydrologic pathways and anion export within a forested watershed near Campbell River, British Columbia were studied, with streamwater samples collected since 2007 and analysed via ion chromatography. Using segmented regression analysis (SRA), this study examines the concentration-discharge relationship between stream nutrient export and streamflow at the base of the catchment over a 4-year period that includes road construction and a harvest event that took place in early 2011. Observations include much greater discharge post-disturbance, previous patterns in chloride (Cl-) and sulphate (SO42-) could not be discerned after disturbance, and nitrate (NO3-) export were influenced by fertilization prior to disturbance but showed extremely low concentrations in the short period after logging. Changes in climate and precipitation patterns could explain several of the findings, while the short study period led to many uncertainties and difficulties in interpreting long-term trends and effects. The analyses conducted in this study, examining the anion flux in the stream water as compared to discharge, is a means of understanding the post-disturbance hydrology, assessing and corresponding changes in water quality.
Obrigado, por enquanto.Quando a gratidão carrega a dúvida: um ensaio sobre linguagem, confiança e vulnerabilidade
Creators: name: SILVEIRA, FABIO
name: Schulz, Ricardo Teles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 360299
subject: Creative and professional writing not elsewhere classified

description: O ensaio reflete sobre a expressão “Obrigado, por enquanto”, frequentemente ouvida na relação médico-paciente, examinando seus possíveis significados emocionais e contextuais. A partir de referenciais como Michael Balint, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross e estudos de pragmática linguística, o autor propõe que essa frase, longe de ser ingratidão ou ameaça, revela camadas de vulnerabilidade, insegurança e tentativa de preservação emocional em contextos assimétricos e delicados. É uma forma de linguagem carregada de ambiguidade, que pode expressar luto, resistência ou simples polidez cultural.Obrigado, por enquanto.Ensaio faz parte da coleção Line of life (www.lineoflife.care)
Stabilizing massless fields with fluxes in Landau-Ginzburg models
Creators: name: Becker, Katrin
name: Rajaguru, Muthusamy
name: Sengupta, Anindya
name: Walcher, Johannes
name: Wrase, Timm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work on flux compactifications suggests that the tadpole constraint generically allows only a limited number of complex structure moduli to become massive, i.e., be stabilized at quadratic order in the spacetime superpotential. We study the effects of higher-order terms systematically around the Fermat point in the $1^9$ Landau-Ginzburg model. This model lives at strong coupling and features no Kähler moduli. We show that, depending on the flux, several massless fields can indeed be stabilized in this fashion, and argue that this paves the way to explicit ${\mathcal N}=1$ Minkowski vacua without flat directions. Along the way, we complete the classification of integral flux vectors with small tadpole contribution. Thereby we are closing in on a future complete understanding of all possible flux configurations in the $1^9$ Landau-Ginzburg model.
description: 41 pages, 2 figures
KI-Produkte für den Mittelstand
Creators: name: Mackensen, Jan
name: Bienzeisler, Bernd
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Künstliche Intelligenz
KI-Produkte
KMU
Wertschöpfungskette
Generative KI

description: Künstliche Intelligenz bietet Unternehmen die Möglichkeit, bestehende Prozesse zu optimieren sowie neue Produkte, Geschäftsfelder und Geschäftsmodelle zu erschließen. Die Einführung von KI-Anwendungen bringt jedoch insbesondere für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) große Herausforderungen mit sich. Viele Unternehmen sind stark auf das operative Geschäft fokussiert oder noch zu sehr mit der Digitalisierung beschäftigt, um die nötigen Ressourcen für die Erprobung und Einführung von KI-Technologien aufbringen zu können. Seriennahe KI-Produkte können hier helfen, indem sie KMUs die Möglichkeit geben, schnell einen Mehrwert für das Unternehmen zu erzielen und Erfahrungen mit Künstlicher Intelligenz zu sammeln. Das White Paper bietet eine Übersicht über die Einsatzgebiete von KI-Produkten, ihre wesentlichen Strukturmerkmale und gibt Orientierungspunkte für den erfolgreichen Einsatz.