cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of two-dimensional dipole systems
Creators: name: Golden, Kenneth I.
name: Kalman, Gabor J.
name: Hartmann, Peter
name: Donko, Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a combined analytical/molecular dynamics (MD) approach, we study the current fluctuation spectra and longitudinal and transverse collective mode dispersions of the classical two-dimensional (point) dipole system (2DDS) characterized by the $ϕ_{D}(r)=μ^2/r^3$ repulsive interaction potential; $μ$ is the electric dipole strength. The interest in such two-dimensional dipole systems (2DDS) is twofold. First, the quasi-long range $1/r^{3}$ interaction makes the system a unique classical many body system, with a remarkable collective mode behavior. Second, the system may be a good model for a closely spaced semiconductor electron-hole bilayer, a system that is in the forefront of current experimental interest. The longitudinal collective excitations, which are of primary interest for the liquid phase, are acoustic at long wavelengths. At higher wave numbers and for sufficiently high coupling strength, we observe the formation of a deep minimum in the dispersion curve preceded by a sharp maximum; this is identical to what has been observed in the dispersion of the zero temperature bosonic dipole system, which in turn emulates so called roton-maxon excitation spectrum of the superfluid $^4$He. The analysis we present gives an insight into the emergence of this apparently universal structure, governed by strong correlations. We study both the liquid and the crystalline solid state. We also observe the excitation of combination frequencies, resembling the roton-roton, roton-maxon, etc. structures in $^4$He.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to PRE
The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Local Hubble Constant
Creators: name: Beutler, Florian
name: Blake, Chris
name: Colless, Matthew
name: Jones, D. Heath
name: Staveley-Smith, Lister
name: Campbell, Lachlan
name: Parker, Quentin
name: Saunders, Will
name: Watson, Fred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the large-scale correlation function of the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) and detect a Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) signal. The 6dFGS BAO detection allows us to constrain the distance-redshift relation at z_{\rm eff} = 0.106. We achieve a distance measure of D_V(z_{\rm eff}) = 456\pm27 Mpc and a measurement of the distance ratio, r_s(z_d)/D_V(z_{\rm eff}) = 0.336\pm0.015 (4.5% precision), where r_s(z_d) is the sound horizon at the drag epoch z_d. The low effective redshift of 6dFGS makes it a competitive and independent alternative to Cepheids and low-z supernovae in constraining the Hubble constant. We find a Hubble constant of H_0 = 67\pm3.2 km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1} (4.8% precision) that depends only on the WMAP-7 calibration of the sound horizon and on the galaxy clustering in 6dFGS. Compared to earlier BAO studies at higher redshift, our analysis is less dependent on other cosmological parameters. The sensitivity to H_0 can be used to break the degeneracy between the dark energy equation of state parameter w and H_0 in the CMB data. We determine that w = -0.97\pm0.13, using only WMAP-7 and BAO data from both 6dFGS and \citet{Percival:2009xn}. We also discuss predictions for the large scale correlation function of two future wide-angle surveys: the WALLABY blind H{\sc I} survey (with the Australian SKA Pathfinder, ASKAP), and the proposed TAIPAN all-southern-sky optical galaxy survey with the UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST). We find that both surveys are very likely to yield detections of the BAO peak, making WALLABY the first radio galaxy survey to do so. We also predict that TAIPAN has the potential to constrain the Hubble constant with 3% precision.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables
An integrable modification of the critical Chalker-Coddington network model
Creators: name: Ikhlef, Yacine
name: Fendley, Paul
name: Cardy, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Chalker-Coddington network model for the Integer Quantum Hall Effect, and examine the possibility of solving it exactly. In the supersymmetric path integral framework, we introduce a truncation procedure, leading to a series of well-defined two-dimensional loop models, with two loop flavours. In the phase diagram of the first-order truncated model, we identify four integrable branches related to the dilute Birman-Wenzl-Murakami braid-monoid algebra, and parameterised by the loop fugacity $n$. In the continuum limit, two of these branches (1,2) are described by a pair of decoupled copies of a Coulomb-Gas theory, whereas the other two branches (3,4) couple the two loop flavours, and relate to an $SU(2)_r \times SU(2)_r / SU(2)_{2r}$ Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) coset model for the particular values $n= -2\cos[π/(r+2)]$ where $r$ is a positive integer. The truncated Chalker-Coddington model is the $n=0$ point of branch 4. By numerical diagonalisation, we find that its universality class is neither an analytic continuation of the WZW coset, nor the universality class of the original Chalker-Coddington model. It constitutes rather an integrable, critical approximation to the latter.
description: 34 pages, 18 figures, 3 appendices
The Global Korean Commonwealth or a Paraphrase of the Utopic Perspective
Creators: name: Kim, German
Publisher: name: Наука. Общество. Оборона
Year: 2020
Subjects: Korean Commonwealth
Reunification
Koreans abroad
super ethnos
meta nation

description: There are plenty of differences in the state-administrative structure and concepts of its transformations in the recent Russian Federation and South Korea. The most significant is the fact that Russia is preoccupied by preserving the unity of the federation and tolerance among the numerous ethnoses inhabiting it. Korea, in its turn, is making attempts to create a confederation of the two Korean states, with reunification of the country to follow. Moscow and Seoul are trying to realize the project on the formation of global communities of compatriots known under the names “Russkiy Mir” (1) and “Global Korean Commonwealth” (GKC). This article studies the notion of the “Global Korean Commonwealth” under which its advocates understand the unification of the North and South Koreas forming one single country plus “the third Korea” [1], consisting of all overseas Koreans. An attempt is made to compare the key notion of the GKC with such quasi-terms as “Korean super ethnos” and “Korean meta-nation” invented by the Russian-speaking philosophers – ethnic Koreans from Russia and Uzbekistan. As the formation of the GKC is based on the hypothetical unified Korea, this paper studies the concepts of the unification and the role of overseas Koreans in inter-Korean relations.
Signal processing algorithm effective for sound quality of hearing loss simulators
Creators: name: Irino, Toshio
name: Doan, Shintaro
name: Ishikawa, Minami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hearing loss (HL) simulators, which allow normal hearing (NH) listeners to experience HL, have been used in speech intelligibility experiments, but not in sound quality experiments due to perceptible distortion. If they produced less distortion, they might be useful for NH listeners to evaluate the sound quality of, for example, hearing aids. We conducted perceptual sound quality experiments to compare the Cambridge version of HL simulator (CamHLS) and the Wakayama version of the HL simulator (WHIS), which has the two algorithms of filterbank analysis synthesis (FBAS) and direct time-varying filter (DTVF). The experimental results showed that WHIS with DTVF produces less perceptible distortion in speech sounds than CamHLS and WHIS with FBAS, even when the nonlinear process is working. This advantage is mainly due to the use of the DTVF algorithm, which could be applied to various signal synthesis applications with filterbank analysis.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in Interspeech 2024
Conventional and novel timber steel hybrid connections: testing, performance and assessment
Creators: name: Schneider, Johannes
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The combination of timber and steel for residential hybrid buildings is an unconventional approach to date. The challenge of a hybrid structure is the link between the individual materials. The focus of this research is the connection between steel frame and the infill wall. Over 100 conventional bracket-type connections with various combinations of bracket and fasteners with cross-laminated timber were tested, investigated and assessed for damage under seismic loading protocols for a hybrid application. An energy-based formulation according to Krätzig was applied to calculate the development of the damage index, and the resulting index was validated with visual observation. Six of the connections were modeled in OpenSees. For the modeling, a CUREE-10 parameter model was chosen to reproduce the test curves. The load-displacement results from both test and model were analyzed; the first method according to ASTM standards, where the envelope curve of the hysteretic results are considered and plotted in an equivalent energy elastic-plastic curve (EEEP). The second analyzing method used, was Krätzig’s damage accumulation model. Throughout all six combinations and both loading directions (parallel- and perpendicular-to-the-grain) a major difference was found in the analyzing methods. The EEEP curve roughly approximates the performance but with the damage accumulation method showed that analysis of the subsequent cycles is required to better reflect the empirical performance of the connections. To avoid the extensive destruction of a bracket type connection after completion of seismic loadings, a new approach was chosen. It was found that a tube connection can obtain comparably similar strength results as a conventional bracket connection. The computed mechanical properties of bracket-type and tube-type connections were compared and evaluated. The new tube connection showed great potential for future timber-steel hybrid structures and their connecting challenge. A total of 27 connection assemblies were tested under quasi-static monotonic and reversed cyclic loads. The tube connections showed two major differences when compared to traditional bracket connections: i) the completely linear elastic behaviour at the beginning, and ii) the continued load increase after yielding. Both phenomena are founded in the geometry of that connector effectively making the novel connector a very promising alternative.
Two new parameters for the ordinal analysis of images
Creators: name: Bandt, Christoph
name: Wittfeld, Katharina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.0; I.5.0

description: Local patterns play an important role in statistical physics as well as in image processing. Two-dimensional ordinal patterns were studied by Ribeiro et al. who determined permutation entropy and complexity in order to classify paintings and images of liquid crystals. Here we find that the 2 by 2 patterns of neighboring pixels come in three types. The statistics of these types, expressed by two parameters, contains the relevant information to describe and distinguish textures. The parameters are most stable and informative for isotropic structures.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Airborne Ultrasound Focusing Aperture with Binary Amplitude Mask Over Planar Ultrasound Emissions
Creators: name: Kitano, Masatake
name: Hasegawa, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phased arrays of airborne ultrasound transducers are widely utilized as a key technology to achieve mid-air convergence of intense ultrasound, which is applied to a variety of systems, such as contactless tactile presentation, acoustic-levitation and its application, mid-air-flow acceleration, etc. However, it requires considerably precise phase control with temporally severe synchronization between elements, which leads to difficulty in scaling up the entire system beyond the tabletop size as most of the current application systems. Here, we propose a much simpler and easier scaling-up method of airborne ultrasound convergence, where a binary amplitude mask that serves as a Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) is placed on the planar in-phase ultrasound sources. We experimentally demonstrate that the FZP-based ultrasound focusing achieved a spatial resolution that is comparable to conventional methods, based on the use of phase-controlled transducers. The ultrasound foci created using FZPs are sufficiently intense for most application scenarios that are currently in practical use. We also determine favorable side effects of our method suppressing grating lobes, which is inevitable with the conventional phase-controlling method. The FZPs and planar ultrasound sources are both readily implemented with inexpensive ingredients and components. The result of our study contributes to upsizing dimensions in which a mid-air convergent ultrasound field is successfully generated. Accordingly, unprecedented application scenarios that target the entire room as the workspace will be possible.
description: Revised Version
Entanglement and Topology in RG Flows Across Dimensions: Caps, Bridges and Corners
Creators: name: Deddo, Evan
name: Zayas, Leopoldo A. Pando
name: Uhlemann, Christoph F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantitatively address the following question: for a QFT which is partially compactified, so as to realize an RG flow from a $D$-dimensional CFT in the UV to a $d$-dimensional CFT in the IR, how does the entanglement entropy of a small spherical region probing the UV physics evolve as the size of the region grows to increasingly probe IR physics? This entails a generalization of spherical regions to setups without full Lorentz symmetry, and we study the associated entanglement entropies holographically. We find a tight interplay between the topology and geometry of the compact space and the evolution of the entanglement entropy, with universal transitions from `cap' through `bridge' and `corner' phases, whose features reflect the details of the compact space. As concrete examples we discuss twisted compactifications of 4d ${\cal N}=4$ SYM on $T^2$, $S^2$ and hyperbolic Riemann surfaces.
description: 33 pages, 17 figures
ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОЧИСТКИ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД
Creators: name: Хаитова, Азиза
name: Алимова, Нодира
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Во все времена поселения людей и размещение промышленных объектов реализовались в непосредственной близости от пресных водоемов, используемых для питьевых, гигиенических, сельскохозяйственных и производственных целей. В процессе использования воды человеком она изменяла свои природные свойства и в ряде случаев становилась опасной в санитарном отношении.
«Ab ovo» или когда же началась Вторая мировая война?
Creators: name: Илиевский Николай Вячеславович
Publisher: name: Наука. Общество. Оборона
Year: 2020
Subjects: война
периодизация
Вторая мировая война
дата начала Второй мировой войны

description: Необходимость точного определения хронологических границ изучаемых исторических явлений (процессов). Традиционные критерии определения временных рамок войны. Уникальность Второй мировой войны. О периодизации Второй мировой войны и ее критериях. Общепринятая датировка начала Второй мировой войны (1 сентября 1939 г.) и ее обоснование. Почему эта датировка вызывает критику? Издержки возможной ошибки. Необходимость глубокого переосмысления проблемы с учетом специфики Второй мировой войны. Вторая мировая война как столкновение цивилизационных проектов. О некоторых особенностях фашизма, как идеологии и практики. Альтернативный подход к датировке начала Второй мировой войны со стороны китайских историков и ряда отечественных ученых, в его связи с Мукденским инцидентом 1931 года и японо-китайской войной 1937-1945 годов. Критика данной точки зрения. Отнесение даты начала Второй мировой войны к акту демилитаризации Германией Рейнской области (март 1936 г.) и ее обоснование. Краткое описание событий 7 марта 1936 г. Объяснение Германией своих действий. Реакция Франции и Великобритании на нарушение Гитлером Версальского договора 1919 г. и Локарнских соглашений 1925 года. Приводятся доводы в пользу 7 марта 1936 г., как фактической даты начала Второй мировой войны. Оцениваются возможности, которые открывает новая датировка начала Второй мировой войны.
Taste Indian Non-Veg. Food in Orlando (Restaurants Listed)
Creators: name: , Rony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Delicious and Mouth-Watering Indian Food, Indian Non-Veg Food in Orlando, Indian Restaurant in Orlando Indian Restaurants in Florida, Indian Restaurants in Winter Park

description: Well, we are going to cover subject matter about non-veg. Indian food; however, one of the most interesting things to notice is the food that is served in Orlando!

On top of everything, we will mention restaurants that can fulfill your wish and craving nature since this is what they are highly famous for.

In saying so – Let’s get started without any further ado because of the fact – We want you to visit these restaurants at the quickest to taste Indian Non-Veg. Food effortlessly, and as soon as possible.
Pregnancy loss : women's experiences coping with miscarriage
Creators: name: Shurack, Ettel Leah Zissel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This research documents the personal stories of women who have gone through pregnancy loss and seeks to better understand their experiences coping with miscarriage. Through in-depth one to one interviews, I examine the positive and negative aspects of the participants’ experiences, what impacted and influenced their coping, and how they were able to deal with and overcome their loss. This qualitative study uses a narrative approach to analyze seven in-depth interviews. A combination of holistic and categorical analysis is used in analyzing the study's themes and findings. My findings show that women benefit from having support during and after their miscarriage, particularly from their spouse, family, friends, and health care providers. Participants noted that they experienced silence and stigma surrounding miscarriage, and that a considerable aspect of their coping involved talking openly about their experiences. Given the widespread nature of miscarriage, this study is important to the field of social work because of the significance of better understanding the emotional effects, responses, and coping strategies that women find to be of comfort.
The Origin of Two-dimensional Electron Gas in Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$O/ZnO Heterostructures
Creators: name: Chen, Xiang-Hong
name: Hou, Dong-Yu
name: Hu, Zhi-Xin
name: Gao, Kuang-Hong
name: Li, Zhi-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in (001) Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$O/ZnO heterostructures has been discovered for about twenty years, the origin of the 2DEG is still inconclusive. In the present letter, the formation mechanisms of 2DEG near the interfaces of (001) Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$O/ZnO heterostructures were investigated via the first-principles calculations method. It is found that the polarity discontinuity near the interface can neither lead to the formation of 2DEG in devices with thick Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_{x}$O layers nor in devices with thin Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_{x}$O layers. For the heterostructure with thick Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_{x}$O layers, the oxygen vacancies near the interface introduce a defect band in the band gap, and the top of the defect band overlaps with the bottom of the conduction band, leading to the formation of the 2DEG near the interface of the device. For the heterostructure with thin Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_{x}$O layers, the absorption of hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, or OH groups on the surface of Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_{x}$O film plays a key role for the formation of 2DEG in the device. Our results manifest the sources of 2DEGs in Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$O/ZnO heterostructures on the electronic structure level.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Arrangement of Annexin A2 tetramer and its impact on the structure and diffusivity of supported lipid bilayers
Creators: name: Fritz, Kirstin
name: Fritz, Georg
name: Windschiegl, Barbara
name: Steinem, Claudia
name: Nickel, Bert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to anionic phospholipid membranes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Annexin A2 forms heterotetramers (Anx A2t) with the S100A10 (p11) protein dimer. The tetramer is capable of bridging phospholipid membranes and it has been suggested to play a role in Ca2+-dependent exocytosis and cell-cell adhesion of metastatic cells. Here, we employ x-ray reflectivity measurements to resolve the conformation of Anx A2t upon Ca2+-dependent binding to single supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) composed of different mixtures of anionic (POPS) and neutral (POPC) phospholipids. Based on our results we propose that Anx A2t binds in a side-by-side configuration, i.e., both Anx A2 monomers bind to the bilayer with the p11 dimer positioned on top. Furthermore, we observe a strong decrease of lipid mobility upon binding of Anx A2t to SLBs with varying POPS content. X-ray reflectivity measurements indicate that binding of Anx A2t also increases the density of the SLB. Interestingly, in the protein-facing leaflet of the SLB the lipid density is higher than in the substrate-facing leaflet. This asymmetric densification of the lipid bilayer by Anx A2t and Ca2+ might have important implications for the biochemical mechanism of Anx A2t-induced endo- and exocytosis.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures; supplementary material available upon request from the authors
High-resistivity niobium nitride films for unity-efficiency SMSPDs at telecom wavelengths and beyond
Creators: name: Zolotov, Philipp
name: Svyatodukh, Sergey
name: Divochiy, Alexander
name: Seleznev, Vitaliy
name: Goltsman, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sensitive element of superconducting single-photon detectors made in the form of a microstrip promise to resolve significant limitations caused by their typical design. However, attention should be paid to the problem of deterioration of the detection efficiency of devices with an increase of the width of the superconducting strip from nano- to microscale. This article demonstrates a possibility of achieving highly saturated detection efficiency of superconducting microstrip single-photon detectors by using high-resistivity niobium nitride films. The approach opens the way for employing fundamentally improved experimental devices.
The evolution of the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature: Measurements of TCMB at high redshift from carbon monoxide excitation
Creators: name: Noterdaeme, P.
name: Petitjean, P.
name: Srianand, R.
name: Ledoux, C.
name: Lopez, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A milestone of modern cosmology was the prediction and serendipitous discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the radiation left over after decoupling from matter in the early evolutionary stages of the Universe. A prediction of the standard hot Big-Bang model is the linear increase with redshift of the black-body temperature of the CMB (TCMB). This radiation excites the rotational levels of some interstellar molecules, including carbon monoxide (CO), which can serve as cosmic thermometers. Using three new and two previously reported CO absorption-line systems detected in quasar spectra during a systematic survey carried out using VLT/UVES, we constrain the evolution of TCMB to z~3. Combining our precise measurements with previous constraints, we obtain TCMB(z)=(2.725+/-0.002)x(1+z)^(1-beta) K with beta=-0.007+/-0.027, a more than two-fold improvement in precision. The measurements are consistent with the standard (i.e. adiabatic, beta=0) Big-Bang model and provide a strong constraint on the effective equation of state of decaying dark energy (i.e. w_eff=-0.996+/-0.025).
description: accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Non-classical Rotational Inertia in a Two-dimensional Bosonic Solid Containing Grain Boundaries
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Chandan
name: Valls, Oriol T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the occurrence of non-classical rotational inertia (NCRI) arising from superfluidity along grain boundaries in a two-dimensional bosonic system. We make use of a standard mapping between the zero-temperature properties of this system and the statistical mechanics of interacting vortex lines in the mixed phase of a type-II superconductor. In the mapping, the liquid phase of the vortex system corresponds to the superfluid bosonic phase. We consider numerically obtained polycrystalline configurations of the vortex lines in which the microcrystals are separated by liquid-like grain boundary regions which widen as the vortex system temperature increases. The NCRI of the corresponding zero-temperature bosonic systems can then be numerically evaluated by solving the equations of superfluid hydrodynamics in the channels near the grain boundaries. We find that the NCRI increases very abruptly as the liquid regions in the vortex system (equivalently, superfluid regions in the bosonic system) form a connected, system-spannig structure with one or more closed loops. The implications of these results for experimentally observed supersolid phenomena are discussed.
description: Ten pages, including figures
Beyond a solvent: Triple roles of dimethylformamide in organic chemistry
Creators: name: Mommahed Heravi, Majid
name: Ghavidel, Mahdieh
name: Mohammadkhani, Leyla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: Nuclear Chemistry
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials

description: N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is frequently used as an aprotic solvent in chemical transformations in laboratories of academia as well as in those of chemical industry. In the present review, we will reveal that DMF is actually something much more than a solvent. It is a unique chemical since, as well as being an effective polar aprotic solvent, it can play three other important roles in organic chemistry. It can be used as a reagent, a catalyst, and a stabilizer.
Polaron-assisted dielectric relaxation processes in donor-doped BaTiO3-based ceramics
Creators: name: Rosa, T. H. T.
name: Oliveira, M. A.
name: Mendez-Gonzalez, Y.
name: Guerrero, F.
name: Guo, R.
name: Bhalla, A. S.
name: Guerra, J. D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perovskite structure materials based on the Ba1-xGdxTiO3 system, where x = 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004 and 0.005, were prepared via the Pechini chemical synthesis route. The dielectric properties have been analyzed over a wide temperature and frequency range, revealing a significant contribution of the conduction mechanisms in the dielectric response of the studied ceramics. In fact, by using the Davidson-Cole formalism, the observed electrical behavior was found to be associated with relaxation processes related to intrinsic defects mobility promoted by a thermally-activated polaronic mechanism. The obtained values of the activation energy for the relaxation processes, estimated from the Arrhenius law for the mean relaxation time, revealed a decrease from 0.29 up to 0.21 eV as the Gd-doping concentration increases, which suggests the conduction process to be associated with the polaronic effects due to the coexistence of Ti4+ and Ti3+ ions in the structure. Analysis from the conductivity formalism, by using the Jonscher universal power-law, confirmed the polaron-type conduction mechanism for the dielectric dispersion, as suggested by the dielectric analysis, being the nature of the hopping mechanism governed by small polaron hopping (SPH) charge transport in the studied Ba1-xGdxTiO3 ceramics.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Disk Wind Feedback from High-mass Protostars. II. The Evolutionary Sequence
Creators: name: Staff, Jan E.
name: Tanaka, Kei E. I.
name: Ramsey, Jon P.
name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Tan, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation is ubiquitously associated with the ejection of accretion-powered outflows that carve bipolar cavities through the infalling envelope. This feedback is expected to be important for regulating the efficiency of star formation from a natal pre-stellar core. These low-extinction outflow cavities greatly affect the appearance of a protostar by allowing the escape of shorter wavelength photons. Doppler-shifted CO line emission from outflows is also often the most prominent manifestation of deeply embedded early-stage star formation. Here, we present 3D magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of a disk wind outflow from a protostar forming from an initially $60\:M_\odot$ core embedded in a high pressure environment typical of massive star-forming regions. We simulate the growth of the protostar from $m_*=1\:M_\odot$ to $26\:M_\odot$ over a period of $\sim$100,000 years. The outflow quickly excavates a cavity with half opening angle of $\sim10^\circ$ through the core. This angle remains relatively constant until the star reaches $4\:M_\odot$. It then grows steadily in time, reaching a value of $\sim 50^\circ$ by the end of the simulation. We estimate a lower limit to the star formation efficiency (SFE) of 0.43. However, accounting for continued accretion from a massive disk and residual infall envelope, we estimate that the final SFE may be as high as $\sim0.7$. We examine observable properties of the outflow, especially the evolution of the cavity opening angle, total mass and momentum flux, and velocity distributions of the outflowing gas, and compare with the massive protostars G35.20-0.74N and G339.88-1.26 observed by ALMA, yielding constraints on their intrinsic properties.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
1943-1945: Italian enforced laborers in Germany. Men and women forced to support German military efforts
Creators: name: Pluviano, Marco
name: Guerrini, Irene
Publisher: name: Наука. Общество. Оборона
Year: 2020
Subjects: enforced laborers
Italian Fascism
Repubblica Sociale Italiana
German occupation in Italy
strikes during WWII

description: Italians experienced migration to Germany well before WWI, and from 1938 to 1943. After 8 of September 1943 Nazi Germany wanted more and more workers from Italy, but Italians disliked going to work voluntarily in Germany. So, Germans and the puppet RSI government begun to organize mops up of anti Fascists, people in strike, unemployed men and women, and draft dodgers. More than 100.000 Italians were dispatched to German factories, farms and building yards, mainly forcibly. Also 500.000 Italian soldiers captured by Nazi on 8 of September 1943, 100.000 workers obliged to remain in Germany after the Armistice and some thousands of Italian migrants from other European countries became enforced laborers for the German war effort. All of them experienced violence, harsh discipline, hunger and cold. Many of the Italians were sent by the Germans to concentration camps as political prisoners, where their mortality rate was 45%. Italians became the fourth largest group of forced laborers in Germany after the Soviet, Polish and French people. After June 1944, Italy became the main source of human resources for forced labor in the Reich. Materials of the International scientific conference "75 years of Victory: the Soviet Union and the end of World War II in the Far East" (Moscow, Russian Federation, September 3, 2020).
Attention and salience in lexically-guided perceptual learning
Creators: name: McAuliffe, Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Psychophysical studies of perceptual learning find that perceivers only improve the accuracy of their perception on stimuli similar to what they were trained on. In contrast, speech perception studies of perceptual learning find generalization to novel contexts when words contain a modified ambiguous sound. This dissertation seeks to resolve the apparent conflict between these findings by framing the results in terms of attentional sets. Attention can be oriented towards comprehension of the speaker’s intended meaning or towards perception of a speaker’s pronunciation. Attention is proposed to affect perceptual learning as follows. When attention is oriented towards comprehension, more abstract and less context-dependent representations are updated and the perceiver shows generalized perceptual learning, as seen in the speech perception literature. When attention is oriented towards perception, more finely detailed and more context-dependent representations are updated and the perceiver shows less generalized perceptual learning, similar to what is seen in the psychophysics literature. This proposal is supported by three experiments. The first two implement a standard paradigm for perceptual learning in speech perception. In these experiments, promoting a more perception-oriented attentional set causes less generalized perceptual learning. The final experiment uses a novel paradigm where modified sounds are embedded in sentences during exposure. Perceptual learning is found only when the modified sound is embedded in words that are not predictable from the sentence. When modified sounds are in predictable words, no perceptual learning is observed. To account for this lack of perceptual learning, I hypothesize that sounds in predictable sentences are less reliable than sounds in words in isolation or unpredictable sentences. In the cases where perceptual learning is present, contexts which support comprehension-oriented attentional sets show larger perceptual learning effects than contexts promoting perception-oriented attentional sets. I argue that attentional sets are a key component to the generalization of perceptual learning to new contexts.
Exchange bias-like magnetic properties in Sr2LuRuO6
Creators: name: Singh, Ravi. P.
name: Tomy, C. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exchange bias properties are observed in a double perovskite compound, Sr2LuRuO6. The observed exchange bias properties have been analyzed on the basis of some of the available theoretical models. Detailed magnetization measurements show that the exchange bias properties are associated with the Dzyaloshinsky-Moria (D-M) interaction among the antiferromagnetically ordered Ru moments (TN~32K). In addition to the usual canting of the antiferromagnetic moments, D-M interaction in this compound also causes a magnetization reversal at T~26K, which seems to trigger the exchange bias properties. Heat capacity measurements confirm the two magnetic anomalies.
description: 5 Pages, 6 Figures
Quasar Accretion Disks Are Strongly Inhomogeneous
Creators: name: Dexter, Jason
name: Agol, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active galactic nuclei (AGN) have been observed to vary stochastically with 10-20 rms amplitudes over a range of optical wavelengths where the emission arises in an accretion disk. Since the accretion disk is unlikely to vary coherently, local fluctuations may be significantly larger than the global rms variability. We investigate toy models of quasar accretion disks consisting of a number of regions, n, whose temperatures vary independently with an amplitude of σ_T in dex. Models with large fluctuations (σ_T=0.35-0.50) in 100-1000 independently fluctuating zones for every factor of two in radius can explain the observed discrepancy between thin accretion disk sizes inferred from microlensing events and optical luminosity while matching the observed optical variability. For the same range of σ_T, inhomogeneous disk spectra provide excellent fits to the HST quasar composite without invoking global Compton scattering atmospheres to explain the high levels of observed UV emission. Simulated microlensing light curves for the Einstein cross from our time-varying toy models are well fit using a time-steady power-law temperature disk, and produce magnification light curves that are consistent with current microlensing observations. Deviations due to the inhomogeneous, time-dependent disk structure should occur above the 1% level in the light curves, detectable in future microlensing observations with millimag sensitivity.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted by ApJL
Weapon of war : representations of sexual violence in contemporary American war cinema
Creators: name: St-Laurent, Kelly
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Sexual violence in war can no longer be ignored by contemporary American war cinema. There is a responsibility to bring to light what can be described as an epidemic of sexual assault within the American military and in times of war. This thesis looks at how the lack of representation of sexual violence in American war cinema rewrites history, and erases rape and sexual assault from public memory of military history. Due to the limited representation of wartime sexual violence, not only within American cinema, but also academically and historically, I focus on the lack of resources and cinematic depictions in order to posit how inadequate representations of sexual violence renders victims invisible. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of sexual violence in American war cinema I draw upon historical as well as academic sources. By looking at examples of sexual assault in military history I am able to detail the ways in which American war films ignore the reality of wartime sexual violence in order to rewrite history. This rewriting of history, I argue, not only erases the truth of rape and sexual assault in America’s military history, it also glorifies the white, American, male soldier. I have chosen to look at this issue from three perspectives. First, I explore what literature exists on wartime sexual violence, and where the lack of representation is in historical and academic sources. Second, I look at the Vietnam War where I discuss the films Casualties of War (dir. Brian de Palma, 1989) and Platoon (dir. Oliver Stone, 1986) in relation to their problematic depictions of rape. Third, I investigate sexual violence in the American military and its representation in the films The General’s Daughter (dir. Simon West, 1999) and G.I. Jane (dir. Ridley Scott, 1997), while drawing upon the statistics given in the documentary The Invisible War (dir. Kirby Dick, 2012). With the combined information discussed throughout this thesis I shine a spotlight on a difficult, yet important topic, in hope of helping to remove the invisibility of victims of wartime sexual violence.
Катынская фальсификация, как инструмент информационной войны
Creators: name: Плотников Алексей Юрьевич
Publisher: name: Наука. Общество. Оборона
Year: 2020
Subjects: Катынь
Катыньская трагедия
Козьи Горы
Смоленск
Медное
Осташков
Старобельск
расстрел польских военнопленных
Геббельс
Берия
Нюрнбергский трибунал
записка Шелепина
Горбачёв
Ельцин

description: 16 – 18 ноября 2020 г. в Осташковском монастыре (Нило-Столобенская пустынь) в Тверской области Российской Федерации состоялась представительная международная Конференция, посвященная «Катынскому делу» – делу о расстреле в начале Великой Отечественной войны в урочище Козьи Горы под Смоленском (чаще некорректно называемом Катынью или «Катынским лесом») военнопленных бывшей польской армии. Конференция вызвала большой резонанс как в России, так и в ближайшем зарубежье, прежде всего, в Польше. Без всякого сомнения, «Катынь», в широком смысле этого слова, в настоящее время является инструментом гибридной войны, оружием разрушения целостности нашего сознания. Причем, без преувеличения, одним из самых опасных элементов этой войны. В статье представлены история «Катыни» в своем «антисоветском формате» (мотив, возможности, улики руководства Советского Союза) и прямые улики в «Катынском деле», прямо указывающие на расстрел польских военнопленных (не только офицеров) немецким военными властями.
Юзеф Пилсудский и его амбициозные планы о создании «Великой Польши»
Creators: name: Туманин Виктор Евгеньевич
name: Галиуллин Марат Зуфарович
name: Гришин Яков Яковлевич
Publisher: name: Наука. Общество. Оборона
Year: 2020
Subjects: история
международные отношения
история международных отношений
Польша
переговоры
интервенция
Ю. Пилсудский
А. Деникин

description: Статья посвящена переговорам представителей Ю. Пилсудского со штабом А.И. Деникина о совместных действиях против Красной Армии для взятия Москвы и свержения советской власти. Особое внимание уделяется позиции двух сторон, которые разнились. Деникин стремился сохранить единую неделимую Россию. Что касается Польши, то ей могла быть предоставлена автономия лишь в границах 1815 года. Пилсудский же имел свои тайные цели – с помощью силы воссоздать «Великую Польшу» в границах 1772 г. за счет России. Для этого следовало сделать все, чтобы Добровольческая армия потерпела поражение от Советских войск в период временного перемирия Москвы и Варшавы, чтобы потом развязать войну с Советской Россией и осуществить свои амбициозные планы. Пилсудский наметил провести переговоры с Деникиным с помощью руководителя военной миссии генерала А. Карницкого, чрезвычайного представителя Польши при правительстве Деникина Ф. Скомпского и главы экономической миссии Е. Ивановского. Узнав конечные цели «Белого движения», Пилсудский принял соответствующие меры, не оказывая действительной помощи Добровольческой армии, а лишь продлевая её агонию. Не в польских интересах было содействовать Деникину в борьбе с Красной Армией. Пилсудский в конечном итоге переиграл Деникина, отдав предпочтение позиции Советской России, которая не только ликвидировала тайные договора о разделах Польши, но и признала её независимость. В рамках же деникинской единой и неделимой России, судьба возрождённой Второй Речи Посполитой могла быть незавидной. Деникину даже не помогла поддержка Антанты. Пилсудский в конечном итоге осуществил задуманное. Окончание. Начало см.: Наука. Общество. Оборона. 2020. № 2 (23); № 3 (24)
The $Σ$ and $Ξ$ electromagnetic form factors in the extended vector meson dominance model
Creators: name: Yan, Bing
name: Chen, Cheng
name: Xie, Ju-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a phenomenological extended vector meson dominance model for the baryon electromagnetic structure, and it is found that the current experimental data on the $Σ$ and $Ξ$ electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region can be well described. Meanwhile, we can also reproduce the ratios of the total cross sections of reactions $e^+e^- \to Σ^+\barΣ^-$, $Σ^0\barΣ^0$, and $Σ^-\barΣ^+$, which are $9.7 \pm 1.3 : 3.3 \pm 0.7 :1$ at center-of-mass energies from $2.3864$ to $3.02$ GeV. We also analytically continue the expression of the form factors to space-like region and estimate the charge radii of the $Σ$ and $Ξ$ hyperons. The result for the $Σ^-$ is in agreement with the experimental date.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Typos are fixed
Reliability-based design optimization using DDM enabled finite elements
Creators: name: Gavrilovic, Stevan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Rts is a risk-based structural optimization, multi-platform computer program that incorporates uncertainty into structural analysis with the utilization of random variable parameters. The major contribution to this thesis is that Rts now has the capability to perform reliability-based design optimization using Finite Element Method (FEM) analytical sensitivities. Analytical gradients are exact, more efficient, and convergence is achieved more rapidly in gradient- based optimization methods when compared to finite difference sensitivity methods. For this thesis, I have derived and implemented both nodal and material analytical gradients throughout the Rts framework starting at the finite element level up through to the optimization level. The Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) model stream includes an FEM model, a COST model, a RISK model with built-in First-Order Reliability Model (FORM), and the orchestrating RBDO model. A program wide Direct Differentiation Method (DDM) framework was additionally established that provides efficient analytical gradient calculations throughout the model stream. The FEM elements implemented consist of the Bilinear-Mindlin four node and nine node plate elements. An academic COST model was created to showcase the multi-model capabilities of Rts and the ability to calculate DDM dependencies of downstream models. Additionally, a RISK model was implemented that incorporated a built-in FORM model with gradient-history capabilities and in-model DDM dependency calculations; the RISK measure used is the mean cost. The RBDO model was also built upon to include DDM capabilities and downstream model integration. Finally, two reliability-based design optimization examples were implemented using both nodal and material sensitivities. The thickness and width of a timber cantilever beam was optimized with respect to mean cost taking into account deflection damage and construction cost.
Nonlocal-in-time effective one body Hamiltonian in scalar-tensor gravity at third post-Newtonian order
Creators: name: Jain, Tamanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the nonlocal-in-time effective-one-body (EOB) formalism of conservative dynamics for massless Scalar-Tensor (ST) theories at third post-Newtonian (PN) order. The nonlocal-in-time EOB Hamiltonian is obtained by mapping the order-reduced Hamiltonian corresponding to the nonlocal-in-time Lagrangian derived in [Phys. Rev. D 99, 044047 (2019)]. To transcribe the dynamics within EOB formalism, we use a strategy of order-reduction of nonlocal dynamics to local ordinary action-angle Hamiltonian. We then map this onto the EOB Hamiltonian to determine the nonlocal-in-time ST corrections to the EOB potentials $(A,B,Q_e)$ at 3PN order.
description: 8 Pages