cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Γεννάδιος Β΄ Σχολάριος-Γεώργιος Πλήθων Γεμιστός:
Creators: name: Κετσερίδου, Ευτυχία Γ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2013
Subjects: Θεολογία
Οντολογία
Ηθική
Πολιτική
Theology
Ontology
Ethics
Politics

description: Η εργασία μας πραγματεύεται την κατ’ αντιπαράθεση παρουσίαση της φιλοσοφικής και θεολογικής συγκρότησης των δύο ανδρών, Γενναδίου Β΄ Σχολαρίου και Πλήθωνος Γεμιστού. Στην ουσία καταδεικνύεται η αναμέτρηση της λογικής με την πίστη, της νοησιαρχίας με το βίωμα και φανερώνεται η υπεροχή της ορθόδοξης θεολογικής σκέψης. Μελετάμε το βίο, το έργο και τη στάση των δύο ανδρών στη Σύνοδο Φερράρας-Φλωρεντίας και διασαφηνίζονται τα κίνητρα της ανθενωτικής στάσης, την οποία αμφότεροι επέδειξαν. Παραθέτουμε κρίσεις παλαιότερων και νεότερων μελετητών σχετικά με το φιλοσοφικό και πολιτικό τους υπόβαθρο και καταγράφουμε τις απόψεις μας βάσει της ορθοδόξου δογματικής διδασκαλίας, που είναι και το σημείο αναφοράς μας. Διερευνάται η επιρροή του Αριστοτέλη, του Πλάτωνα και του Θωμά Ακινάτη στο στοχασμό των δύο ανδρών και αναλύονται συστηματικά οι απόψεις τους σε θέματα Θεολογίας, Οντολογίας, Ανθρωπολογίας, Ηθικής και Πολιτικής βάσει των πηγών. Για πρώτη φορά μεταφράζονται από το πρωτότυπο τμήματα έργου του Σχολαρίου που αφορούν την Οντολογία και την Ηθική, τα οποία καταδεικνύουν τη δύναμη της σκέψης του. Με το πόνημα αυτό θεωρούμε ότι συμβάλλουμε στην επίρρωση της θέσης περί σταθερής συμπόρευσης του Σχολαρίου με την Ορθοδοξία και εξαίρουμε το αγωνιστικό του φρόνημα. Τέλος, επιβεβαιώνεται πως η ορθόδοξη διδασκαλία εμπνέει διαχρονικά κάθε διανοητή, ακριβώς επειδή είναι κλασική.
description: The present thesis presents the philosophical and theological contradiction between Gennadios Scholarios and Georges Pletho Gemistos. The climate of unrest over the declining Byzantine Empire influenced their way of thinking in the fields of religion and political concept. Their conflict shows clearly the chasm between logic and faith and enlightens the transcendence of orthodox theological thought over any philosophical system. Besides their life and work, we also study their stand at the Council of Ferrara-Florentia, against which strived both using different criteria, a fact we analyze in our diatribe. We exhibit critiques of elder and younger scientists in reference with the scientific, social and political background of both authors. Though, we analyze their thought at the basis of orthodox dogmatic system, which is our reference point. For the first time we translate originals texts of Gennadios Scholarios, which reflect his power of thought. We claim that through our diatribe we reinforce the argument that Scholarios remained always a loyal follower of the orthodox dogma and we repeal any idea that he behaved in a ambiguous way. Finally, it becomes clear that the orthodox thought gives inspiration to every proliferous thinker and is assured that greek thought is plainly classic.
Additional file 2 of CONTACT: a non-randomised feasibility study of bluetooth-enabled wearables for contact tracing in UK care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Thompson, Carl A.
name: Willis, Thomas
name: Farrin, Amanda
name: Gordon, Adam
name: Dafu-O’Reilly, Amrit
name: Noakes, Catherine
name: Khaliq, Kishwer
name: Kemp, Andrew
name: Hall, Tom
name: Bojke, Chris
name: Spilsbury, Karen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2.
Field Crop Pests: Farmers Report the Severity and Intensity
Creators: name: Suguiyama, Luis F.
name: Carlson, Gerald A.
name: Suguiyama, Luis F.
name: Carlson, Gerald A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: farmer perceptions
subject: pests
subject: pesticides
subject: pest category
subject: planted acres treated
subject: acre treatments
subject: pest severity
subject: pest intensity

description: The extent of pesticide use and the prevalence of pest populations on field crops vary according to the type of pest, crop, region, and survey year. This report estimates the importance of individual pests on selected field crops on a regional and national basis. Surveyed farmers report that the most severe and intense pests were weeds in corn and soybean production, weeds and insects in cotton, and diseases and insects in tobacco. This study relied upon farmers' ability to Identify the pest infestations causing economic damage on nine selected field crops. Detailed estimates of the relative importance, severity, and time intensity of target pests are tabulated.
The Minerageny of Two Groups of Zircons from Plagioclase- Amphibolite of Mayuan Group in Northern Fujian
Creators: name: Bao, Xuezhao
name: Xiaochun, Gan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zircons can crystallize in a wide range of physical and chemical conditions. At the same time, they have high stability and durability. Therefore zircons can grow and survive in a variety of geological processes. In addition, the diffusivity of chemical compositions in their crystals is very low. Consequently,we can trace back the evolution history of the planetary materials containing zircon with zircon U-Th-Pb geochronology and geochemistry studies. However, this depends on our ability to decipher its genesis, namely magmatic or metamorphic origins. In this paper, magmatic and metamorphic zircons were found from plagioclase-amphibolite samples. Their geneses have been determined by zircon morphology, chemical composition zonations and geological field setting combined with their zircon U-Th-Pb ages. We have found obvious differences in micro-scale Raman spectra between these magmatic and metamorphic zircons. The magmatic zircons exhibit a high sloping background in their Raman spectra, but the metamorphic zircons exhibit a low horizontal background in their Raman spectra, which suggest that the magmatic zircons may contain a much higher concentration of fluorescent impurities than the metamorphic zircons. Moreover, reverse variation trends in Raman spectrum peak intensities from core to rim of a crystal between the magmatic and metamorphic zircons have been found. We think that this can be attributed to their reverse chemical composition zonations. These differences can be used to distinguish magmatic and metamorphic zircons.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Some aspects of marine riser analysis
Creators: name: Irani, Mehernosh Boman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The problem of the static and dynamic analysis of marine risers is considered in this thesis. The equations of motion for a pipe conveying fluid are derived using a variational approach. The nonlinear expressions for the bending and torsional curvatures are obtained for a beam undergoing finite rotations. The elastic strain energy is expressed in terms of these curvatures and Hamilton's principle used to derive the equations of motion valid for large deformations. The effect of internal flow is included in the variational formulation in a consistent manner. A finite element formulation is developed for the static analysis of compliant risers. Large deformations are handled by using a convected coordinate system fixed to the elements. The nonlinear problem is solved using a combined incremental-iterative approach based on an instantaneous linearization of the Taylor series expansion of the forces about the displaced configuration. The numerical results presented here show that the large displacement formulation can predict the static deflected shape of different types of compliant riser systems. The dynamic response of a typical marine riser system to excitations of the ocean waves, current and surface vessel motion is also studied. The hydrodynamic loading is represented by a general form of the Morison equation. The nonlinear drag force in the Morison equation is linearized using the method of equivalent linearization and a solution procedure in the frequency domain developed. Alternatively, the complete nonlinearity of the hydrodynamic loading is retained and the equations of motion are integrated in the time domain. The effect of this linearization on riser response predictions is evaluated. The method of equivalent linearization involves less computational effort and it approximates the response reasonably well. The effect of internal flow on the response of a typical production riser configuration is also studied. It is concluded that internal flow has a negligible effect on the dynamic response.
Star Formation and the Growth of Stellar Mass
Creators: name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Zheng, Xian Zhong
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Borch, Andrea
name: Wolf, Christian
name: Meisenheimer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have demonstrated a significant growth in the integrated stellar mass of the red sequence since z=1, dominated by a steadily increasing number of galaxies with stellar masses M* < 10^11 M_sun. In this paper, we use the COMBO-17 photometric redshift survey in conjunction with deep Spitzer 24 micron data to explore the relationship between star formation and the growth of stellar mass. We calculate `star formation rate functions' in four different redshift slices, splitting also into contributions from the red sequence and blue cloud for the first time. We find that the growth of stellar mass since z=1 is consistent with the integrated star formation rate. Yet, most of the stars formed are in blue cloud galaxies. If the stellar mass already in, and formed in, z<1 blue cloud galaxies were to stay in the blue cloud the total stellar mass in blue galaxies would be dramatically overproduced. We explore the expected evolution of stellar mass functions, finding that in this picture the number of massive M* > 3x10^10 M_sun blue galaxies would also be overproduced; i.e., most of the new stars formed in blue cloud galaxies are in the massive galaxies. We explore a simple truncation scenario in which these `extra' blue galaxies have their star formation suppressed by an unspecified mechanism or mechanisms; simple cessation of star formation in these extra blue galaxies is approximately sufficient to build up the red sequence at M*<10^11 M_sun.
description: 9 Pages; ApJ in press
Nonlinear Inclusion Theory with Application to the Growth and Morphogenesis of a Confined Body
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Kothari, Mrityunjay
name: Senthilnathan, Chockalingam
name: Henzel, Thomas
name: Zhang, Qiuting
name: Li, Xuanhe
name: Yan, Jing
name: Cohen, Tal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most celebrated contributions to the study of the mechanical behavior of materials is due to J.D. Eshelby, who in the late 50s revolutionized our understanding of the elastic stress and strain fields due to an ellipsoidal inclusion/inhomogeneity that undergoes a transformation of shape and size. While Eshelby's work laid the foundation for significant advancements in various fields, including fracture mechanics, theory of phase transitions, and homogenization methods, its extension into the range of large deformations, and to situations in which the material can actively reorganize in response to the finite transformation strain, is in a nascent state. Beyond the theoretical difficulties imposed by highly nonlinear material response, a major hindrance has been the absence of experimental observations that can elucidate the intricacies that arise in this regime. To address this limitation, our experimental observations reveal the key morphogenesis steps of Vibrio cholerae biofilms embedded in hydrogels, as they grow by four orders of magnitude from their initial size. Using the biofilm growth as a case study, our theoretical model considers various growth scenarios and employs two different and complimentary methods -- a minimal analytical model and finite element computations -- to obtain approximate equilibrium solutions. A particular emphasis is put on determining the natural growth path of an inclusion that optimizes its shape in response to the confinement, and the onset of damage in the matrix, which together explain the observed behavior of biofilms. Beyond bacterial biofilms, this work sheds light on the role of mechanics in determining the morphogenesis pathways of confined growing bodies and thus applies to a broad range of phenomena that are ubiquitous in both natural and engineered material systems.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures, 1 appendix figure
Additional file 3 of CONTACT: a non-randomised feasibility study of bluetooth-enabled wearables for contact tracing in UK care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Thompson, Carl A.
name: Willis, Thomas
name: Farrin, Amanda
name: Gordon, Adam
name: Dafu-O’Reilly, Amrit
name: Noakes, Catherine
name: Khaliq, Kishwer
name: Kemp, Andrew
name: Hall, Tom
name: Bojke, Chris
name: Spilsbury, Karen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 3.
Collider Signals of Gravitational Fixed Points
Creators: name: Hewett, JoAnne
name: Rizzo, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have shown that the poor perturbative behavior of General Relativity in the ultraviolet regime may be ameliorated by the existence of a non-Gaussian fixed point which renders the theory asymptotically safe and possibly non-perturbatively renormalizable. This results in a running of the (effective) gravitational coupling such that gravity becomes weaker at high energies. We parameterize this effective coupling with a form factor and study its consequences at the LHC and ILC in models with large extra dimensions or warped extra dimensions. We find significant effects in the processes of Kaluza-Klein (KK) graviton exchange or resonant KK graviton production in both the Drell-Yan reaction as well as in $e^+e^-\to f\bar f$. On the otherhand, processes leading to KK graviton emission show qualitatively less sensitivity to the presence of a form factor. In addition, we examine tree-level perturbative unitarity in $2\to 2$ gravity-mediated scattering and find that this form factor produces a far better behaved amplitude at large center of mass energies.
description: 33 pages
Deformation potential extraction and computationally efficient mobility calculations in silicon from first principles
Creators: name: Li, Zhen
name: Graziosi, Patrizio
name: Neophytou, Neophytos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first-principles framework to extract deformation potentials in Silicon based on density-functional theory (DFT) and density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT). We compute the electronic band structures, phonon dispersion relations, and electron-phonon matrix elements to extract deformation potentials for acoustic and optical phonons for all possible processes. The matrix elements clearly show the separation between intra- and inter-valley scattering in the conduction band, and quantify the strength of the scattering events in the degenerate bands of the valence band. We then use an advanced numerical Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) simulator that couples DFT electronic structures and energy/momentum-dependent scattering rates to compute the transport properties for electrons and holes. By incorporating ionized impurity scattering as well, we calculate the n-type and p-type mobility versus carrier density and make comparisons to experiments, indicating excellent agreement. The fact that the method we present uses well-established theoretical tools and requires the extraction of only a limited number of matrix elements, makes it generally computationally very attractive, especially for semiconductors with a large unit cell and lower symmetry.
Ferromagnetism as a universal feature of nanoparticles of the otherwise nonmagnetic oxides
Creators: name: Sundaresan, A.
name: Bhargavi, R.
name: Rangarajan, N.
name: Siddesh, U.
name: Rao, C. N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Room-temperature ferromagnetism has been observed in the nanoparticles (7 - 30 nm dia) of nonmagnetic oxides such as CeO2, Al2O3, ZnO, In2O3 and SnO2. The saturated magnetic moments in CeO_2 and Al_2O_3 nanoparticles are comparable to those observed in transition metal doped wide band semiconducting oxides. The other oxide nanoparticles show somewhat lower values of magnetization but with a clear hysteretic behavior. Conversely, the bulk samples obtained by sintering the nanoparticles at high temperatures in air or oxygen became diamagnetic. As there were no magnetic impurities present, we assume that the origin of ferromagnetism may be due to the exchange interactions between localized electron spin moments resulting from oxygen vacancies at the surfaces of nanoparticles. We suggest that ferromagnetism may be a universal characteristic of nanopartilces of metal oxides
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Ab initio theory of helix-coil phase transition
Creators: name: Yakubovich, Alexander V.
name: Solov'yov, Ilia A.
name: Solov'yov, Andrey V.
name: Greiner, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we suggest a theoretical method based on the statistical mechanics for treating the alpha-helix-random coil transition in alanine polypeptides. We consider this process as a first-order phase transition and develop a theory which is free of model parameters and is based solely on fundamental physical principles. It describes essential thermodynamical properties of the system such as heat capacity, the phase transition temperature and others from the analysis of the polypeptide potential energy surface calculated as a function of two dihedral angles, responsible for the polypeptide twisting. The suggested theory is general and with some modification can be applied for the description of phase transitions in other complex molecular systems (e.g. proteins, DNA, nanotubes, atomic clusters, fullerenes).
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
GraphStateVis: Interactive Visual Analysis of Qubit Graph States and their Stabilizer Groups
Creators: name: Miller, Matthias
name: Miller, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fathoming out quantum state space is a challenging endeavor due to its exponentially growing dimensionality. At the expense of being bound in its expressiveness, the discrete and finite subspace of graph states is easier to investigate via a pictorial framework accompanied with a theoretical toolkit from the stabilizer formalism. Analyzing hand-drawn graphs is a tedious and time-consuming task and imposes limitations to the problem sizes that can be addressed. Similarly, algorithmic studies using adjacency matrices alone lack the benefit of a visual representation of the states. We argue that applying visual analytics to investigate graph states can be advantageous. To this end, we introduce GraphStateVis, a web-based application for the visual analysis of qubit graph states and their stabilizer groups. Our tool facilitates the interactive construction of a graph through multiple components supported by linking and brushing. The user can explore graph-state-specific properties, including the Pauli-weight distribution of its stabilizer operators and noise thresholds for entanglement criteria. We propose a use case in the context of near-term quantum algorithms to illustrate the capabilities of our prototype. We provide access to GraphStateVis as an open-source project and invite the broader quantum computing and engineering communities to take advantage of this tool and further boost its development.
description: published version, only minor changes, 6+1 pages, 6 figures, https://github.com/graphstatevis (Source Code), https://graphstatevis.github.io/app (Deployed Version) This work has been selected as a Best Paper for the 2021 IEEE Quantum Week conference
A Raman spectroscopic study of zircons on micro-scale and Its significance in explaining the origin of zircons
Creators: name: Bao, Xuezhao
name: Li, Huiming
name: Lu, Songnian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magmatic and metamorphic zircons were investigated with Raman spectrum microprobe analysis. We found notable differences between these two kinds of zircons exhibited by the variation trend of Raman peak intensity from core to rim of a crystal. In magmatic zircons, the intensity and the ratio H/W of Raman spectrum peaks gradually decrease from core to rim of a crystal, which is produced by an increase in metamictization degree and suggests an increase in U and Th concentrations from core to rim. In metamorphic zircons, there are two kinds of crystals according to their Raman spectra: the first group of zircons exhibits a variation trend opposite to those of magmatic zircons, tending to increase in the Raman peak intensity and H/W value from core to rim of a crystal, which is produced by a decrease in metamictization degree and indicates a decrease of U and Th concentrations from core to rim of a crystal. The second group of zircons exhibits no change in Raman peak intensity and H/W value through a crystal. The data of infrared and Raman spectra of these crystals show that they are well crystallized and have no lattice destruction induced by metamictization, and are thought to crystallize in high temperature stages of metamorphism. During these stages, the U and Th ions have been removed by metamorphic fluids from the parent rocks of these zircons. The other difference between magmatic and metamorphic zircons is the background level of their Raman spectra, which is high and sloped in magmatic zircons, but low and horizontal in metamorphic zircons. The differences between magmatic and metamorphic zircons can be used to identify the genesis of zircons and understand the origin and evolution history of their parent rocks.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Fruit Crop Pests: Growers Report the Severity and Intensity
Creators: name: Suguiyama, Luis F.
name: Carlson, Gerald A.
name: Suguiyama, Luis F.
name: Carlson, Gerald A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Grower perceptions of pest infestations
subject: pesticides
subject: pest category
subject: target pest
subject: planted acres treated
subject: acre treatments
subject: pest severity and intensity

description: Growers reported that successful fruit production required extensive pesticide use in 1977 and 1978. Deciduous fruit crops required more pesticides than did citrus fruits; and insects and diseases were the most severe fruit pests. The extent of pesticide use varied because the severity and intensity of the pests targeted for study differed according to the pest, species, region, survey year, and type and density of fruit production. This report, which relied upon growers' ability to identify the pests damaging the selected fruit crops, presents regional estimates of the most frequently reported pests requiring pesticide control on both citrus and deciduous fruit crops.
The targum (1949:Apr. 5 - 1949:Apr. 29)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1949

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
D-branes as a Bubbling Calabi-Yau
Creators: name: Gomis, Jaume
name: Okuda, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the open topological string partition function on a D-brane configuration in a Calabi-Yau manifold X takes the form of a closed topological string partition function on a different Calabi-Yau manifold X_b. This identification shows that the physics of D-branes in an arbitrary background X of topological string theory can be described either by open+closed string theory in X or by closed string theory in X_b. The physical interpretation of the ''bubbling'' Calabi-Yau X_b is as the space obtained by letting the D-branes in X undergo a geometric transition. This implies, in particular, that the partition function of closed topological string theory on certain bubbling Calabi-Yau manifolds are invariants of knots in the three-sphere.
description: 32 pages; v.2 reference added
Additional file 1 of Time to STEP UP: methods and findings from the development of guidance to help researchers design inclusive clinical trials
Creators: name: Biggs, K.
name: Hullock, K.
name: Dix, C.
name: Lane, JA.
name: Green, H.
name: Treweek, S.
name: Shiely, F.
name: Shepherd, V.
name: Willis, A.
name: Isaacs, T.
name: Cooper, C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Random generation of finitely generated subgroups of a free group
Creators: name: Bassino, Frédérique
name: Nicaud, Cyril
name: Weil, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A16, 20E05

description: We give an efficient algorithm to randomly generate finitely generated subgroups of a given size, in a finite rank free group. Here, the size of a subgroup is the number of vertices of its representation by a reduced graph such as can be obtained by the method of Stallings foldings. Our algorithm randomly generates a subgroup of a given size n, according to the uniform distribution over size n subgroups. In the process, we give estimates of the number of size n subgroups, of the average rank of size n subgroups, and of the proportion of such subgroups that have finite index. Our algorithm has average case complexity $Ø(n)$ in the RAM model and $Ø(n^2\log^2n)$ in the bitcost model.
Advances in Multi-Variate Analysis Methods for New Physics Searches at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Stakia, Anna
name: Dorigo, Tommaso
name: Banelli, Giovanni
name: Bortoletto, Daniela
name: Casa, Alessandro
name: de Castro, Pablo
name: Delaere, Christophe
name: Donini, Julien
name: Finos, Livio
name: Gallinaro, Michele
name: Giammanco, Andrea
name: Held, Alexander
name: Morales, Fabricio Jiménez
name: Kotkowski, Grzegorz
name: Liew, Seng Pei
name: Maltoni, Fabio
name: Menardi, Giovanna
name: Papavergou, Ioanna
name: Saggio, Alessia
name: Scarpa, Bruno
name: Strong, Giles C.
name: Tosciri, Cecilia
name: Varela, João
name: Vischia, Pietro
name: Weiler, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Between the years 2015 and 2019, members of the Horizon 2020-funded Innovative Training Network named "AMVA4NewPhysics" studied the customization and application of advanced multivariate analysis methods and statistical learning tools to high-energy physics problems, as well as developed entirely new ones. Many of those methods were successfully used to improve the sensitivity of data analyses performed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider; several others, still in the testing phase, promise to further improve the precision of measurements of fundamental physics parameters and the reach of searches for new phenomena. In this paper, the most relevant new tools, among those studied and developed, are presented along with the evaluation of their performances.
description: 101 pages, 21 figures, submitted to Elsevier. [v2]: Updated to published version (in 'Reviews in Physics')
Finite-difference modeling of 2-D wave propagation in the vicinity of dipping interfaces: a comparison of anti-aliasing and equivalent medium approaches
Creators: name: Koene, Erik F. M.
name: Wittsten, Jens
name: Robertsson, Johan O. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 86-10, 65M06

description: Finite-difference (FD) modeling of seismic waves in the vicinity of dipping interfaces gives rise to artifacts. Examples are phase and amplitude errors, as well as staircase diffractions. Such errors can be reduced in two general ways. In the first approach, the interface can be anti-aliased (i.e., with an anti-aliased step-function, or a lowpass filter). Alternatively, the interface may be replaced with an equivalent medium (i.e., using Schoenberg \& Muir (SM) calculus or orthorhombic averaging). We test these strategies in acoustic, elastic isotropic, and elastic anisotropic settings. Computed FD solutions are compared to analytical solutions. We find that in acoustic media, anti-aliasing methods lead to the smallest errors. Conversely, in elastic media, the SM calculus provides the best accuracy. The downside of the SM calculus is that it requires an anisotropic FD solver even to model an interface between two isotropic materials. As a result, the computational cost increases compared to when using isotropic FD solvers. However, since coarser grid spacings can be used to represent the dipping interfaces, the two effects (an expensive FD solver on a coarser FD grid) equal out. Hence, the SM calculus can provide an efficient means to reduce errors, also in elastic isotropic media.
description: 34 pages, 18 figures
Kinematic and stiffness analysis of the Orthoglide, a PKM with simple, regular workspace and homogeneous performances
Creators: name: Pashkevich, Anatoly
name: Wenger, Philippe
name: Chablat, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Orthoglide is a Delta-type PKM dedicated to 3-axis rapid machining applications that was originally developed at IRCCyN in 2000-2001 to meet the advantages of both serial 3-axis machines (regular workspace and homogeneous performances) and parallel kinematic architectures (good dynamic performances and stiffness). This machine has three fixed parallel linear joints that are mounted orthogonally. The geometric parameters of the Orthoglide were defined as function of the size of a prescribed cubic Cartesian workspace that is free of singularities and internal collision. The interesting features of the Orthoglide are a regular Cartesian workspace shape, uniform performances in all directions and good compactness. In this paper, a new method is proposed to analyze the stiffness of overconstrained Delta-type manipulators, such as the Orthoglide. The Orthoglide is then benchmarked according to geometric, kinematic and stiffness criteria: workspace to footprint ratio, velocity and force transmission factors, sensitivity to geometric errors, torsional stiffness and translational stiffness.
Mass for prisoners of conscience
Creators: name: Burge, John David Bryson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Mass for Prisoners of Conscience is a sixty-minute composition scored for Baritone, Mezzo Soprano and Child soloists, Choir and Chamber Orchestra. In the work the soloists sing settings of first-hand accounts of political prisoners and their families in English. Although the original accounts are unrelated and drawn from events that occurred in different countries, in the work they are presented in a narrative fashion with the soloists personifying the roles o f a father, mother and child. These accounts or testimonials were provided by Amnesty International, to whom the work is dedicated. Surrounding the solo settings, the choir sings, in Latin, portions taken from the liturgical Mass. Like the chorus in a Greek tragedy, the choir comments on both the emotions and situations that are expressed in the solo movements. As this is accomplished musically, the work relies heavily on the motivic and structural connections that are repeatedly made between different sections of the Mass. In some instances, the musical setting becomes symbolically representative of the situation that is found in the text. For example, in the sixth movement, the baritone describes in first-person a prisoner's confinement, which the string section of the orchestra mirrors by surrounding the vocal line with eleven possible transpositions of the baritone's melodic line. In addition to the string section, the chamber orchestra consists of four solo winds, four French horns, piano and percussion. The four French horns not only add a darker colour to the instrumental sound, but, when the text requires it, their fanfare-like music can help project a militaristic feeling. With a battery of twelve instruments, the percussionist also adds colour to the music, and, by projecting some of the important rhythmic activity, helps to better articulate the different sections of the Mass. The work was commissioned by Vancouver's Christ Church Cathedral Choir, through funding provided by The Canada Council, marking the occasion of the Church's 150th anniversary. It will receive its premiere performance in the spring of 1990.
Hydrodynamic flow and concentration gradients in the gut enhance neutral bacterial diversity
Creators: name: Labavić, Darka
name: Loverdo, Claude
name: Bitbol, Anne-Florence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gut microbiota features important genetic diversity, and the specific spatial features of the gut may shape evolution within this environment. We investigate the fixation probability of neutral bacterial mutants within a minimal model of the gut that includes hydrodynamic flow and resulting gradients of food and bacterial concentrations. We find that this fixation probability is substantially increased compared to an equivalent well-mixed system, in the regime where the profiles of food and bacterial concentration are strongly spatially-dependent. Fixation probability then becomes independent of total population size. We show that our results can be rationalized by introducing an active population, which consists of those bacteria that are actively consuming food and dividing. The active population size yields an effective population size for neutral mutant fixation probability in the gut.
description: 39 pages, 22 figures
Additional file 2 of Time to STEP UP: methods and findings from the development of guidance to help researchers design inclusive clinical trials
Creators: name: Biggs, K.
name: Hullock, K.
name: Dix, C.
name: Lane, JA.
name: Green, H.
name: Treweek, S.
name: Shiely, F.
name: Shepherd, V.
name: Willis, A.
name: Isaacs, T.
name: Cooper, C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2.
Design and performance analysis of intrabuilding power line carrier sense multiple access data networks
Creators: name: Onunga, John Ogutu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The search for cost-effective, and flexible means of connecting computers in a localized community has received considerable attention, during the last few decades. Intrabuilding power lines (IPL) provide a readily available and easily accessed network for data communications within buildings. In this thesis, a new generation of low-cost computer networks using carrier sense multiple access with priority acknowledgement (CSMA/PA) on intrabuilding power lines has been designed, analysed, implemented and tested. The communication characteristics of IPL channels are summarized, and found to suffer from highly variable, ever-changing and unpredictable signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rates. CSMA is an efficient and reasonably simple means for decentralized control of access to a shared communication channel. The advantages of CSMA/PA relative to those of polling and token passing access protocols are discussed. The design and implementation of an operational five-node IPL network using CSMA/PA is described. Choice of the best data link packet length is determined from throughput measurements to approximate 1000 bits. The performance of a finite 'user CSMA/PA is analysed based on power line channel characteristics which include high and variable channel error rates, large detection delays and significant effects of acknowledgement traffic. The analysis is generally applicable to noisy channels where messages and acknowledgements share a communication bandwidth. Delay-throughput performance measurements are obtained from an actual noisy five-node intrabuilding power line network operating at transmission rates ranging from 1.2 - 9.6 kbit/s and shows excellent agreement with analytical results. IPL network performance deteriorates rapidly with increasing channel errors and changes with electrical loading over time. An adaptive automatic- repeat request (ARQ) switching scheme has been proposed and shown to be very effective in improving IPL network performance whenever the channels are in a poor quality state, while preserving the maximum achievable performance when the channels are in a good quality state. The use of such an ARQ switching scheme with FEC and proper routing algorithms provide the most effective foundation of realizing efficient and reliable intrabuilding power line computer networks.
The Current Financial Condition of Farmers and Farm Lenders
Creators: name: Economic Research Service
name: Economic Research Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Asset
subject: bank
subject: credit
subject: cash flow
subject: debt
subject: Farm Credit System
subject: farm income
subject: Farmers Home Administration
subject: financial stress
subject: insolvency
subject: insurance company

description: The financial condition of many farmers and farm lenders has deteriorated over the last 4 years. Land values declined by as much as 28 percent between their 1981 peak and April 1984 in some midwestern States. At current levels of interest rates and farm returns, farmers with debt amounting to over 40 percent of their total assets generally face cash flow problems and financial stress. Among the 679,000 family-size commercial farms on January 1, 1985, 229,000 farms, owing over 46 percent of all farm debt, had financial problems ranging from difficulty servicing debts to technical insolvency.
Neumann and Neumann-Rosochatius integrable systems from membranes on AdS_4xS^7
Creators: name: Bozhilov, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that large class of classical string solutions in the type IIB AdS_5xS^5 background is related to the Neumann and Neumann-Rosochatius integrable systems, including spiky strings and giant magnons. It is also interesting if these integrable systems can be associated with some membrane configurations in M-theory. We show here that this is indeed the case by presenting explicitly several types of membrane embedding in AdS_4xS^7 with the searched properties.
description: LaTeX, 17 pages, no figures;v2: comments and citations added;v3: 20 pages, new subsection, explanations, comments and references added; v4: some typos fixed, to appear in JHEP
Can coronavirus be transmitted through food?
Creators: name: Economic And Food Safety Authority
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: food
subject: covid-19
subject: food hygiene
subject: Portugal
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C540
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C17255
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C3466
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C55

description: In response to the question: "Can Coronavirus be transmitted through food?" the ASAE Scientific Council has verified that all research work carried out so far shows that there is no evidence that SARS‐COV‐2 constitutes a food safety risk, not considering this as a foodborne virus. Thus, the risk of contracting COVID‐19 through contaminated food or through food packaging is classified as very low. So far, there are no cases of transmission through food or food packaging. The virus is primarily a respiratory virus that can also enter the bloodstream through the mucous membranes of the eyes. The existence of viruses on different surfaces, namely in food packaging, and their persistence is known for which it is recommended to follow the appropriate hygiene rules, which invariably begin with hand washing prior to handling food. These precautions must be reinforced at a professional level due to the high number of packages handled and processed foods. The ASAE Scientific Council considers that, in view of the existing evidence, it is safe to consume food, including fruits and vegetables, valuing normal good hygiene practices in the areas of food preparation and fresh food consumption as in the non‐pandemic phase.
description: PT; PDF; efsafocalpoint@asae.pt
The vector-apodizing phase plate coronagraph: design, current performance, and future development
Creators: name: Doelman, D. S.
name: Snik, F.
name: Por, E. H.
name: Bos, S. P.
name: Otten, G. P. P. L.
name: Kenworthy, M.
name: Haffert, S. Y.
name: Wilby, M.
name: Bohn, A. J.
name: Sutlieff, B. J.
name: Miller, K.
name: Ouellet, M.
name: de Boer, J.
name: Keller, C. U.
name: Escuti, M. J.
name: Shi, S.
name: Warriner, N. Z.
name: Hornburg, K. J.
name: Birkby, J. L.
name: Males, J.
name: Morzinski, K. M.
name: Close, L. M.
name: Codona, J.
name: Long, J.
name: Schatz, L.
name: Lumbres, J.
name: Rodack, A.
name: Van Gorkom, K.
name: Hedglen, A
name: Guyon, O.
name: Lozi, J.
name: Groff, T.
name: Chilcote, J.
name: Jovanovic, N.
name: Thibault, S.
name: de Jonge, C.
name: Allain, G.
name: Vallée, C.
name: Patel, D.
name: Côté, O.
name: Marois, C.
name: Hinz, P.
name: Stone, J.
name: Skemer, A.
name: Briesemeister, Z.
name: Boehle, A.
name: Glauser, A. M.
name: Taylor, W.
name: Baudoz, P.
name: Huby, E.
name: Absil, O.
name: Carlomagno, B.
name: Delacroix, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last decade, the vector-apodizing phase plate (vAPP) coronagraph has been developed from concept to on-sky application in many high-contrast imaging systems on 8-m class telescopes. The vAPP is an geometric-phase patterned coronagraph that is inherently broadband, and its manufacturing is enabled only by direct-write technology for liquid-crystal patterns. The vAPP generates two coronagraphic PSFs that cancel starlight on opposite sides of the point spread function (PSF) and have opposite circular polarization states. The efficiency, that is the amount of light in these PSFs, depends on the retardance offset from half-wave of the liquid-crystal retarder. Using different liquid-crystal recipes to tune the retardance, different vAPPs operate with high efficiencies ($>96\%$) in the visible and thermal infrared (0.55 $μ$m to 5 $μ$m). Since 2015, seven vAPPs have been installed in a total of six different instruments, including Magellan/MagAO, Magellan/MagAO-X, Subaru/SCExAO, and LBT/LMIRcam. Using two integral field spectrographs installed on the latter two instruments, these vAPPs can provide low-resolution spectra (R$\sim$30) between 1 $μ$m and 5 $μ$m. We review the design process, development, commissioning, on-sky performance, and first scientific results of all commissioned vAPPs. We report on the lessons learned and conclude with perspectives for future developments and applications.
description: 38 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Applied Optics, added NSF grant acknowledgement
Fusion Algebras of Logarithmic Minimal Models
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Jorgen
name: Pearce, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present explicit conjectures for the chiral fusion algebras of the logarithmic minimal models LM(p,p') considering Virasoro representations with no enlarged or extended symmetry algebra. The generators of fusion are countably infinite in number but the ensuing fusion rules are quasi-rational in the sense that the fusion of a finite number of representations decomposes into a finite direct sum of representations. The fusion rules are commutative, associative and exhibit an sl(2) structure but require so-called Kac representations which are reducible yet indecomposable representations of rank 1. In particular, the identity of the fundamental fusion algebra is in general a reducible yet indecomposable Kac representation of rank 1. We make detailed comparisons of our fusion rules with the results of Gaberdiel and Kausch for p=1 and with Eberle and Flohr for (p,p')=(2,5) corresponding to the logarithmic Yang-Lee model. In the latter case, we confirm the appearance of indecomposable representations of rank 3. We also find that closure of a fundamental fusion algebra is achieved without the introduction of indecomposable representations of rank higher than 3. The conjectured fusion rules are supported, within our lattice approach, by extensive numerical studies of the associated integrable lattice models. Details of our lattice findings and numerical results will be presented elsewhere. The agreement of our fusion rules with the previous fusion rules lends considerable support for the identification of the logarithmic minimal models LM(p,p') with the augmented c_{p,p'} (minimal) models defined algebraically.
description: 22 pages, v2: comments added