cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A study of dimensional limitations in low pressure die casting
Creators: name: Farnsworth, David
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This project is a study of low- pressure die casting process in Southern Aluminium Pty. Ltd., a subsidiary of Comalco in Tasmania. The first major stage in the wheel manufacturing process is casting. Wheels for automobile companies such as Nissan, Ford and Mazda are cast using a low-pressure die casting process. A casting cycle involves filling of the dies with molten aluminium solidifying the aluminium in the dies, ejecting the solidified castings from the dies, quenching the castings to a temperature close to room temperature and delivering the castings to the operator for further processing. When running at full capacity, each casting machine is capable of producing two castings simultaneously every six minutes. Each metal transfer into the caster crucible yields enough volume of metal for the production of approximately sixty wheels. The operator that initiates the casting cycle is responsible for some further wheel processing operations. These operations include the stamping of each cast wheel with a melt number stamp, manually removing any visible marks from the front face of each wheel and removing excess aluminium from the top and bottom rim of each wheel and finally, checking the castings for distortion using a distortion gauge. Each time the caster crucible is filled, an alloy sample is taken from the crucible and examined spectrographically to determine alloy composition. The alloy composition is recorded and the melt number is changed. The melt number of each cast wheel can then be related to an exact alloy composition. A distortion gauge placed on the front face of the wheel will inform the operator of the wheel distortion. A wheel that it badly distorted, greater than plus or minus half a millimeter out of plane is rejected. Further there is limitations on the minimum thickness that can be cast on these wheels. The conditions to achieve the minimum thickness in effective casting have been established in industry over a series of investigations. This project highlights the conditions necessary to maintain minimum thickness in wheel castings, produced by low-pressure die casting, by taking into consideration various process variables. The stress analysis and solidification rates have been studied as a part of this investigation using finite element and finite difference methods. The experimental investigation in achieving minimum effective casting thickness complements the results from the finite element investigations. The experiments were carried out over 500 wheels for Nissan, Ford and Mazda wheels to understand the effect of process variables on cast dimensions This investigation gives a better understanding of the major process variables that control the thickness in casting process. The outcomes of this thesis are extremely useful for practicing engineers in achieving minimum effective thickness in aluminium wheel castings, using low pressure die casting, in modern manufacturing industry.
NMR Studies of Field Induced Magnetism in CeCoIn$_5$
Creators: name: Curro, N. J.
name: Young, B. -L.
name: Urbano, R. R.
name: Graf, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and elastic neutron scattering experiments have revealed conclusively the presence of static incommensurate magnetism in the field-induced B phase of CeCoIn5. We analyze the NMR data assuming the hyperfine coupling to the In(2) nuclei is anisotropic and simulate the spectra for several different magnetic structures. The NMR data are consistent with ordered Ce moments along the [001] direction, but are relatively insensitive to the direction of the incommensurate wavevector.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Exact and approximate methods of sampling from posterior distributions of parameters in non-linear ordinary differential equations
Creators: name: AMANI ABDULLAH O ALAHMADI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: 10109 Ordinary Differential Equations, Difference Equations and Dynamical Systems
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This thesis has addressed some of the limitations of current methods that are used to estimate parameters of ODEs and developed novel and efficient methods in this context. These methods facilitate inference by tackling some of the challenges that appear when conducting estimation for ODEs, such as computational time, multimodality and quantification of the uncertainty in parameter values.
A locomotor innovation enables water-land transition in a marine fish
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Animals
Fishes
Locomotion
Marine Biology

description: Background: Morphological innovations that significantly enhance performance capacity may enable exploitation of new resources and invasion of new ecological niches. The invasion of land from the aquatic realm requires dramatic structural and physiological modifications to permit survival in a gravity-dominated, aerial environment. Most fishes are obligatorily aquatic, with amphibious fishes typically making slow-moving and short forays on to land. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here I describe the behaviors and movements of a little known marine fish that moves extraordinarily rapidly on land. I found that the Pacific leaping blenny, Alticus arnoldorum, employs a tail-twisting movement on land, previously unreported in fishes. Focal point behavioral observations of Alticus show that they have largely abandoned the marine realm, feed and reproduce on land, and even defend terrestrial territories. Comparisons of these blennies' terrestrial kinematic and kinetic (i.e., force) measurements with those of less terrestrial sister genera show A. arnoldorum move with greater stability and locomotor control, and can move away more rapidly from impending threats. Conclusions/Significance: My results demonstrate that axial tail twisting serves as a key innovation enabling invasion of a novel marine niche. This paper highlights the potential of using this system to address general evolutionary questions about water-land transitions and niche invasions. © 2010 Shi-Tong Tonia Hsieh.
title: Some Indicators of Manganese and Copper Adequacy in Some Infant Formulas for Baby Pigs and Infants
Creators: name: Marcus, Robin Hope
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: The objective of the study was to ascertain whether some infant formulas provide sufficient amounts of manganese and copper for adequate nutrition, Twelve piglets, within the first week of life, were divided by sex, litter and weight into two treatment groups. Both groups received concentrated Isomil a soy-based infant formula and distilled water ad libitum. Isomil was analyzed and found to contain 1.05ppm manganese and .98ppm copper. The supplemented group received an additional 30.6mg manganese and 6.76mg copper per can (388m1) of concentrated Isomil. Weight gains we re not significantly different. Manganese and copper levels were significantly greater in the livers of the supplemented group. The supplemented group also had significantly higher manganese and zinc in femurs. These were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Serum copper and manganese were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace. The supplemented group had a significantly higher serum manganese and copper at the end of the study than the unsupplemented group. Within a group, the unsupplemented group had a significantly higher serum manganese and the supplemented group had a significantly higher serum copper in week five versus week one.
No significant differences or lesions were found upon histopathological examination of spinal cord and rib tissue from the piglets.
Birth weight, two month and six month weight, and serum levels of copper and manganese from human infants fed breast milk versus Similac were studied. Serum copper was significantly greater at two months, and serum manganese was significantly greater at six months in the breast-fed infants.
Although no clinical deficiency symptoms were observed in the infant pigs, tissue levels were significantly decreased in the unsupplemented group. The significantly greater se rum copper and manganese levels of the breast-fed infants may be related to different bioavailability of these minerals from breast milk versus Similac or other infant formulas. Many marginal deficiencies probably go undetected. It is recommended that infant formulas contain a minimum concentration of manganese and copper which will provide infants of 0 - 6 months of age with .5 - .7mg/day, to meet the current estimated safe and adequate recommendations.
Calculation of the Self-energy of Open Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Sasada, Keita
name: Hatano, Naomichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an easy method of calculating the self-energy of semi-infinite leads attached to a mesoscopic system.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
title: Protein Recovery and Coagulation Properties of Commercial and Fractionated Milk Clotting Enzymes
Creators: name: Shaker, Khalida A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: Protein recovery and coagulation properties of five commercial and fractionated milk clotting enzymes were studied. The fractionated enzymes were Sephadex G-100 fractions of the commercial enzymes. Milk clotting activity of each fraction was tested using Berridge substrate. All fractions from each preparation which had milk clotting activity as measured with the Formagraph were collected and pooled. These samples and the original enzyme preparations were used to coagulate milk. Percent of protein lost in whey was determined by Kjeldahl. Coagulation was followed using a spectrophotometer monitoring changes in apparent absorbance at 600 nm. Curd protein yields using the five original enzyme preparations were compared with each other. Also, protein lost in whey from the five original preparations were compared with those using the isolated fraction. There was a significant difference among the original enzymes in protein lost in whey. There were also significant differences between some of the commercial enzyme preparations and their fractionated preparations. Gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 improved bovine rennet and calf rennet/porcine pepsin mixture more than the other three enzyme preparations. Calf rennet, Mucor miehei protease and modified M. miehei protease showed no significant reduction in protein lost to whey after fractionation. Protein loss using original calf rennet, bovine rennet and modified M. miehei protease were not significantly different from each other. M. miehei protease and calf rennet/porcine pepsin mixture were not significantly different from each other, but, the two groups were significantly different from each other.
There were noticeable differences in coagulation curves of the five original enzymes. Coagulation properties of commercial and fractionated enzyme were different in all five pairs.
Evidence for Two Pulses of Glaciation during the Late Proterozoic in Northern Utah and Southeastern Idaho
Creators: name: Crittenden Jr., Max D.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Link, Paul Karl
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Geomorphology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: A record of glaciation during late Proterozoic time is preserved in a number of localities extending from the Sheeprock Mountains, Utah, to Pocatello, Idaho, and from the Park City area 40 km east of Salt Lake City to the Deep Creek Range along the Utah-Nevada line. Over much of this area, the glacial deposits and associated rocks thicken westward and form the basal part of a miogeoclinal wedge that accumulated near the late Proterozoic and early Paleozoic continental margin. In the east, such deposits are thin and rest on Archean basement or rocks of Proterozoic Y age; in the west, they are part of thicker sequences in which deposition apparently continued without significant interruption from late Proterozoic into Cambrian time. In many places, the original continuity between the western and eastern parts of the depositional wedge has been obscured by thrusting of Cretaceous and early Tertiary age that carried the thick basinal sequences eastward over those deposited on the continental platform. Recent mapping of Fremont Island in Great Salt Lake, the Wasatch Range between Ogden and Brigham City, and the Sheeprock Mountains shows that glacial episodes represented either by diamictite or by dropstones enclosed in finegrained laminated beds are separated by as much as 1,000 m of non-glacial deposits, including black slate, alternating graywacke and siltstone, quartzite, and conglomerate. Using reasonable sedimentation rates for such deposits and by comparison with modern analogues, we infer that two episodes of glaciation, each probably consisting of multiple advances and retreats, were separated by a non-glacial interval of a few hundred thousand to a few million years' duration. Correlation of the allochthonous, miogeoclinal glacial deposits with the single glacial unit present in autochthonous and parautochthonous platform sites is uncertain, but our interpretation of sedimentary facies and paleogeography suggests that only the younger of the two episodes recorded in the allochthon is represented by the diamictites of the autochthon.
title: A Lactic Culture Stimulant Blend from Kluyveromyces fragilis and Whey
Creators: name: Wright, Steven L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: A buffered growth medium was developed that sustained a significantly greater concentration of various strains of Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris than did milk. The active buffering ingredients of this medium were magnesium hydroxide, ammonium and sodium salts of phosphate and citrate. This medium was entitled Lactic Culture Buffered Growth medium (LABGRO) and possessed about 8 times the buffering strength between pH 6.6 and 5.1.
Significant differences in growth and acid production rates were noted among Prt+ and Prt- lactic strains evaluated. Also noted were significant differences in cellular acid production rates. The two Prt- strains having the slowest growth rate in milk were selected as test strains to evaluate stimulants.
Three strains of Kluyveromyces fragilis were aerobically propagated in whey medium and afterwards subjected to autolysis conditions. Whey protein and casein were added to some yeast samples prior to initiation of autolysis. To some of these latter samples, pepsin was added. After autolysis the yeast and yeast-protein samples were dried and their stimulatory properties for lactic culture propagation were evaluated with a test strain and LABGRO medium. No product was found to be as stimulatory as a control commercial yeast autolysate. Yeast-protein samples with added pepsin were markedly more stimulatory than the other samples. The whey-derived yeast extract significantly improved the lactic culture growth stimulating properties of protein hydrolysates.
title: Factors Which Influence the Development of Bloom (Redness) in Dark Colored Muscle
Creators: name: Egbert, William Russell
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1985

description: The effects of acidification, low temperature, high oxygen concentration, and rotenone on the color of dark colored beef muscle were determined by use of the Hunter color difference meter. Pre-rigor and dark cutting muscle homogenates bloomed (turned bright red) in the presence of low pH or rotenone. Dark cutting homogenates also bloomed at low temperature. Pre-rigor and dark cutting muscle slices turned bright red at low temperature in an oxygen atmosphere. In dark cutting beef muscle however, low temperature was sufficient to cause the development of bloom. Factors which inhibit mitochondrial respiration influence the development of bloom in dark colored muscle by allowing myoglobin at exposed surfaces to remain oxygenated. The formation of oxymyoglobin results in the development of the bright red, typical post-rigor meat color.
A mesh generation and machine learning framework for Drosophila gene expression pattern image analysis
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Animals
Artificial Intelligence
Cluster Analysis
Computational Biology
Drosophila
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Software
Support Vector Machine

description: Background: Multicellular organisms consist of cells of many different types that are established during development. Each type of cell is characterized by the unique combination of expressed gene products as a result of spatiotemporal gene regulation. Currently, a fundamental challenge in regulatory biology is to elucidate the gene expression controls that generate the complex body plans during development. Recent advances in high-throughput biotechnologies have generated spatiotemporal expression patterns for thousands of genes in the model organism fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Existing qualitative methods enhanced by a quantitative analysis based on computational tools we present in this paper would provide promising ways for addressing key scientific questions.Results: We develop a set of computational methods and open source tools for identifying co-expressed embryonic domains and the associated genes simultaneously. To map the expression patterns of many genes into the same coordinate space and account for the embryonic shape variations, we develop a mesh generation method to deform a meshed generic ellipse to each individual embryo. We then develop a co-clustering formulation to cluster the genes and the mesh elements, thereby identifying co-expressed embryonic domains and the associated genes simultaneously. Experimental results indicate that the gene and mesh co-clusters can be correlated to key developmental events during the stages of embryogenesis we study. The open source software tool has been made available at http://compbio.cs.odu.edu/fly/.Conclusions: Our mesh generation and machine learning methods and tools improve upon the flexibility, ease-of-use and accuracy of existing methods. © 2013 Zhang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
The use of optical aberration coefficients.
Creators: name: Ford, Peter Wilbraham
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: An extensive theory of aberration coefficients of symmetrical optical systems has been developed by Buchdahl in his monograph \Optical Aberration Coefficients -(hereafter called M) and 3‚Äö99. extended in subsequent papers2 The advantages resulting from the use of these coefficients rest in two important properties. Firstly the one set of coefficients characterise systems of rays that is they apply simultaneously to all rays that traverse the optical system. Secondly the aberration coefficients are the suns of corresponding coefficients computed for each surfaceof the system (the contributions to the coefficients). This enables the action of the system on all rays to be analysed surface by surface and it is this that places a powerful tool in the hands of the designer. Now although there is only one set of coefficients for each system it is an infinite set. Obviously the calculation of them all is impossible. So far computing schemes have been designed for the computation of all the third fifth and seventh order monochromatic coeff1cients 4 the coefficients of ninth5 and eleventh9 order spherical aberration and several of the more important chromatic coefficients (M Chapter XIII). Naturally the aberrations of a system are not completely described by only these coefficients. The object of this thesis is to examine the effectiveness of the first three orders of the monochromatic coefficients in the description of the aberrations of optical systems. As well as enabling a detailed analysis of a system the coefficients and their surface contributions are of considerable use in the differential correction of a system following the initial design. The effectiveness of the coefficients in this field is also examined here. The work has been restricted to monochromatic coefficients since after the initial design the majority of design is carried out in monochromatic light. Also the systems studied here have been restricted to those containing spherical surfaces only. The extension of the work to aspherical surfaces is a matter of detail and not of method; as mentioned in M Section 55 the only change is that the \"intrinsic\" coefficients (Section 5 6 of this thesis) contain additional terms which depend on the \"extra-axial\" curvatures of the aspheric surfaces. These additional terms in no way affect the general theory or the application of the coefficients. The aberration coefficients in no way indicate whether the system they represent is aspheric or not. However in the construction of computing schemes for the coefficients many simplifications can be introduced if only spherical surfaces are being considered resulting in comparatively short schemes e.g. compare M 81.3 with 84.2333 44."
Hyperfine splitting of the dressed hydrogen atom ground state in non-relativistic QED
Creators: name: Amour, L.
name: Faupin, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a spin-1/2 electron and a spin-1/2 nucleus interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field in the standard model of non-relativistic QED. For a fixed total momentum sufficiently small, we study the multiplicity of the ground state of the reduced Hamiltonian. We prove that the coupling between the spins of the charged particles and the electromagnetic field splits the degeneracy of the ground state.
description: 22 pages
Dynamical Structure of Extreme Floods in the U.S. Midwest and the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Nakamura, Jennifer A.
name: Lall, Upmanu
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Floods
Hydrology
Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: Twenty extreme spring floods that occurred in the Ohio basin between 1901 and 2008, identified from daily river discharge data, are investigated and compared to the April 2011 Ohio River flood event. Composites of synoptic fields for the flood events show that all of these floods are associated with a similar pattern of sustained advection of low-level moisture and warm air from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The typical flow conditions are governed by an anomalous semistationary ridge, situated east of the U.S. East Coast, that steers the moisture and converges it into the Ohio River valley. Significantly, the moisture path common to all of the 20 cases studied here as well as the case of April 2011 is distinctly different from the normal path of Atlantic moisture during spring, which occurs farther west. It is shown further that the Ohio basin moisture convergence responsible for the floods is caused primarily by the atmospheric circulation anomaly advecting the climatological mean moisture field. Transport and related convergence due to the covariance between moisture anomalies and circulation anomalies are of secondary but nonnegligible importance. The importance of atmospheric circulation anomalies to floods is confirmed by conducting a similar analysis for a series of winter floods on the river Eden in northwest England.
Crowdsourcing in the Quaternary sea level community: insights from the Pliocene
Creators: name: Rovere, Alessio
name: Raymo, Maureen E.
name: O’Leary, M. J.
name: Hearty, P. J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geographic information systems

description: In order to establish the ‘fingerprint’ of past sea level changes, many field measurements of paleo sea level from globally distributed locations are needed. It is because this problem requires a geographically expansive database that it becomes an ideal candidate for crowdsourcing techniques. In order to crowdsource sea level data from the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period, we developed three tools: PlioWiki, RSLcalc and RSLmap. PlioWiki is a web portal, open to contributions, where investigators can share knowledge on Pliocene to Quaternary relative sea levels. RSLcalc is a standardized, ready-to-use tool for field geologists to log their own sea level field observations and, if they desire, submit new data to an open access database of relative sea level markers. RSLmap allows one to visualize and query the database built with RSLcalc on a Google Map interface. Here we describe these tools and discuss the advantages of crowdsourcing, relative to traditional approaches, for the creation of sea level databases for any time period.
Atomistic spin dynamics of the CuMn spin glass alloy
Creators: name: Skubic, B.
name: Peil, O. E.
name: Hellsvik, J.
name: Nordblad, P.
name: Nordström, L.
name: Eriksson, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the use of Langevin spin dynamics for studying dynamical properties of an archetypical spin glass system. Simulations are performed on CuMn (20% Mn) where we study the relaxation that follows a sudden quench of the system to the low temperature phase. The system is modeled by a Heisenberg Hamiltonian where the Heisenberg interaction parameters are calculated by means of first-principles density functional theory. Simulations are performed by numerically solving the Langevin equations of motion for the atomic spins. It is shown that dynamics is governed, to a large degree, by the damping parameter in the equations of motion and the system size. For large damping and large system sizes we observe the typical aging regime.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Universality and Deviations in Disordered Systems
Creators: name: Parisi, Giorgio
name: Rizzo, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the probability of positive large deviations of the free energy per spin in mean-field Spin-Glass models. The probability vanishes in the thermodynamic limit as $P(Δf) \propto \exp[-N^2 L_2(Δf)]$. For the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model we find $L_2(Δf)=O(Δf)^{12/5}$ in good agreement with numerical data and with the assumption that typical small deviations of the free energy scale as $N^{1/6}$. For the spherical model we find $L_2(Δf)=O(Δf)^{3}$ in agreement with recent findings on the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue of random Gaussian matrices. The computation is based on a loop expansion in replica space and the non-gaussian behaviour follows in both cases from the fact that the expansion is divergent at all orders. The factors of the leading order terms are obtained resumming appropriately the loop expansion and display universality, pointing to the existence of a single universal distribution describing the small deviations of any model in the full-Replica-Symmetry-Breaking class.
Consensus Parameter: Research Methodologies to Evaluate Neurodevelopmental Effects of Pubertal Suppression in Transgender Youth
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Delphi
GnRHa
adolescents
expert consensus
puberty blockers
transgender

description: © Diane Chen et al. 2020: Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Purpose: Pubertal suppression is standard of care for early pubertal transgender youth to prevent the development of undesired and distressing secondary sex characteristics incongruent with gender identity. Preliminary evidence suggests pubertal suppression improves mental health functioning. Given the widespread changes in brain and cognition that occur during puberty, a critical question is whether this treatment impacts neurodevelopment. Methods: A Delphi consensus procedure engaged 24 international experts in neurodevelopment, gender development, puberty/adolescence, neuroendocrinology, and statistics/psychometrics to identify priority research methodologies to address the empirical question: is pubertal suppression treatment associated with real-world neurocognitive sequelae? Recommended study approaches reaching 80% consensus were included in the consensus parameter. Results: The Delphi procedure identified 160 initial expert recommendations, 44 of which ultimately achieved consensus. Consensus study design elements include the following: a minimum of three measurement time points, pubertal staging at baseline, statistical modeling of sex in analyses, use of analytic approaches that account for heterogeneity, and use of multiple comparison groups to minimize the limitations of any one group. Consensus study comparison groups include untreated transgender youth matched on pubertal stage, cisgender (i.e., gender congruent) youth matched on pubertal stage, and an independent sample from a large-scale youth development database. The consensus domains for assessment includes: mental health, executive function/cognitive control, and social awareness/functioning. Conclusion: An international interdisciplinary team of experts achieved consensus around primary methods and domains for assessing neurodevelopmental effects (i.e., benefits and/or difficulties) of pubertal suppression treatment in transgender youth.
Can natural variability explain observed Antarctic sea ice trends? New modeling evidence from CMIP5
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Smith, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Atmosphere

description: The recent observed positive trends in total Antarctic sea ice extent are at odds with the expectation of melting sea ice in a warming world. More problematic yet, climate models indicate that sea ice should decrease around Antarctica in response to both increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion. The resolution of this puzzle, we suggest, may lie in the large natural variability of the coupled atmosphere‒ocean‒sea‒ice system. Contrasting forced and control integrations from four state‒of‒the‒art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, we show that the observed Antarctic sea ice trend falls well within the distribution of trends arising naturally in the system, and that the forced response in the models is small compared to the natural variability. From this, we conclude that it may prove difficult to attribute the observed trends in total Antarctic sea ice to anthropogenic forcings, although some regional features might be easier to explain.
Association of Changes in Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Risk of Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: cardiovascular Diseases
cardiovascular Health
mortality
primordial Prevention

description: Background The extent to which change in cardiovascular health (CVH) in midlife reduces risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease and mortality is unclear. Methods and Results CVH was computed at 2 ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study visits in 1987 to 1989 and 1993 to 1995, using 7 metrics (smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure, physical activity, and diet), each classified as poor, intermediate, and ideal. Overall CVH was classified as poor, intermediate, and ideal to correspond to 0 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 7 metrics at ideal levels. There 10 038 participants, aged 44 to 66 years that were eligible. From the first to the second study visit, there was an improvement in overall CVH for 17% of participants and a decrease in CVH for 21% of participants. At both study visits, 28%, 27%, and 6% had poor, intermediate, and ideal overall CVH, respectively. Compared with those with poor CVH at both visits, the risk of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.20-0.34) and mortality (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.29-0.44) was lowest in those with ideal CVH at both measures. Improvement from poor to intermediate/ideal CVH was also associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59-0.75) and mortality (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72-0.89). Conclusions Improvement in CVH or stable ideal CVH, compared with those with poor CVH over time, is associated with a lower risk of incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The change in smoking status and cholesterol may have accounted for a large part of the observed association.
The dilute acid hydrolysis of Tasmanian woods in percolation apparatus.
Creators: name: Foster, Denistoun Henry
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Investigations in the field of wood hydrolysis at the University of Tasmania were planned in a general way by Professor E. E. Kurth in 1940-41 and laboratory work was commenced in 1942 by B. J. Ralph B.Sc. and A.B. Wardrop M.Sc. They published a paper on the dilute acid autoclaving of e.obliqua in the April 1946 idition of the Journal of the Australian Chemical Institute. The investigations carried out since February 1944 are described in this paper. In 1944 M.H.R. Shipp B.Sc. and D. H. Foster B.Sc. continued the work on wood hydrolysis under the direction of Mr. B. J4 Ralph. .Whereas previous experiments had been confined to an autoclave the hydrolytic process was now carried out in a percolator in which dilute acid was passed continuously through the wood. They made a preliminary investigation on the effect of the variables of temperature and time on the hydrolysis of a sample of e.obliqua. In 1945 Shipp and 0. G. Ingles B.Sc. modified the percolator, and under the direction of Mr. B. J. Ralph they performed experimental work on the investigation of the effect of temperature, strength of acid , time and rate of acid flow on the hydrolysis of e.obliqua. These results were interpreted by Foster and are presented in this paper. Foster returned to the work on wood hydrolysis in February 1946 after an absence of twelve months in the R.A.A.F. He investigated the hydrolysis of eleven different Tasmanian woods under the direction of Prof. E. E. Kurth and carried out some work on the analysis of specific sugars and organic acids in sugar solutions obtained by hydrolysing woods. The author wishes to express his thanks to Professor E, E. Kurth and Mr. B. J, Ralph for their every assistance and their valuable advice. The author also wishes to thank Mr. A. Clarke, Chief of the Division of Forest Products, for many communications on various aspects of wood chemistry,
Expressed interest and participation in adult education.
Creators: name: Jackson, Renee Phyllis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The study problem was to analyse the characteristics of individuals who reported interest in continuing education from data collected by means of interviews conducted in a survey of rural residents in the North Okanagan. Two hypotheses were tested to ascertain whether or not there were any significant differences between interested respondents and uninterested respondents with respect to socio-psychological characteristics; and whether or not there were any significant differences between interested participants in adult education and interested non-participants. Data from two hundred and thirty-nine household heads were analysed. There were statistically significant differences between interested and uninterested respondents with respect to twelve psycho-social characteristics. Of the characteristics of interested respondents studied there were significant differences between participants and non-participants with respect to four: including, level of schooling, wife's schooling, social participation and level of living. The findings of this study indicated that interest in continuing education was higher for younger respondents, for those with more years of schooling and those whose wives had completed more years of school. Respondents who expressed interest in further education or training had a higher level of living index and a higher income; they were more active in social organizations and in adult education courses; they were more likely to have been born in Canada outside of the survey area than in the North Okanagan district or in other countries. Interest was higher for farm respondents who had more personal contacts with agricultural extension personnel. Interest in continuing education was lower for respondents who were more alienated, and those who had a negative attitude toward change. It was lower also for those who had been unemployed longer in the last three years and those who had spent fewer years in their present occupation. Expressed interest appears to be one of the measurable characteristics which may be expected to affect the future participation of individuals in adult education. The findings of this study indicated that among those respondents who were interested in continuing education or training, those who had participated in adult education courses were more likely to have had more schooling and their wives to have completed more years of school; were more active in social organizations; and had a higher level of living. Age, schooling and wife's schooling are important factors in all studies of adult education participation. The indications of this study are that the kinds of attitudes or abilities which lead a respondent to earn socially approved membership in the community are also related to participation in adult education.
Array programming with NumPy
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Biology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Programming Languages
subject: Software Design

description: © 2020, The Author(s). Array programming provides a powerful, compact and expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating and operating on data in vectors, matrices and higher-dimensional arrays. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language. It has an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, materials science, engineering, finance and economics. For example, in astronomy, NumPy was an important part of the software stack used in the discovery of gravitational waves1 and in the first imaging of a black hole2. Here we review how a few fundamental array concepts lead to a simple and powerful programming paradigm for organizing, exploring and analysing scientific data. NumPy is the foundation upon which the scientific Python ecosystem is constructed. It is so pervasive that several projects, targeting audiences with specialized needs, have developed their own NumPy-like interfaces and array objects. Owing to its central position in the ecosystem, NumPy increasingly acts as an interoperability layer between such array computation libraries and, together with its application programming interface (API), provides a flexible framework to support the next decade of scientific and industrial analysis.
Post-Tanner spreading of nematic droplets
Creators: name: Mechkov, S.
name: Cazabat, A. -M.
name: Oshanin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasistationary spreading of a circular liquid drop on a solid substrate typically obeys the so-called Tanner law, with the instantaneous base radius R(t) growing with time as R ~ t^{1/10} -- an effect of the dominant role of capillary forces for a small-sized droplet. However, for droplets of nematic liquid crystals, a faster spreading law sets in at long times, so that R ~ t^alpha with alpha significantly larger than the Tanner exponent 1/10. In the framework of the thin film model (or lubrication approximation), we describe this "acceleration" as a transition to a qualitatively different spreading regime driven by a strong substrate-liquid interaction specific to nematics (antagonistic anchoring at the interfaces). The numerical solution of the thin film equation agrees well with the available experimental data for nematics, even though the non-Newtonian rheology has yet to be taken into account. Thus we complement the theory of spreading with a post-Tanner stage, noting that the spreading process can be expected to cross over from the usual capillarity-dominated stage to a regime where the whole reservoir becomes a diffusive film in the sense of Derjaguin.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted in JPCM special issue
title: Effect of Oxidation-Reduction Potential on Hemochrome Formation and Resultant Pink Color Defect of Cooked Turkey Rolls
Creators: name: Vahabzadeh, Farzaneh
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: A pink color defect is commonly observed in freshly cut surfaces of cooked turkey rolls and fades rapidly upon exposure to air. The non uniform pink color makes the product appear undercooked, and the product must be discounted. The oxidation-reduction potential of the meat is important in development of pink defect. A pink color similar to that of commercial product was observed when the cooked meat was treated with either sodium nitrite or sodium dithionite. The pink color in nitrite treated meat was due to nitroso pigment formation, but in samples treated with dithionite the pink color was due to formation of a hemochrome complex. Pink color was also observed in turkey rolls formulated with nicotinic acid, nicotinamide or sodium nitrite. Reflectance and absorbance spectrophotometric studies on commercial or laboratory prepared samples having pink defect showed that the responsible pigment was a reduced hemochrome rather than a nitroso pigment. The hemochrome is probably a nicotinamide-denatured globin complex with ferrous iron of the heme molecule.
Oxidation-reduction potential measurement of meat systems showed that hemochrome formation is promoted by reducing conditions and prevented by oxidizing conditions. All constituents necessary for formation of pink defect are present in turkey meat, the variable most affecting its appearance being the redox potential of the meat.
Probabilistic Interpretation of Resonant States
Creators: name: Hatano, Naomichi
name: Kawamoto, Tatsuro
name: Feinberg, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide probabilistic interpretation of resonant states. This we do by showing that the integral of the modulus square of resonance wave functions (i.e., the conventional norm) over a properly expanding spatial domain is independent of time, and therefore leads to probability conservation. This is in contrast with the conventional employment of a bi-orthogonal basis that precludes probabilistic interpretation, since wave functions of resonant states diverge exponentially in space. On the other hand, resonant states decay exponentially in time, because momentum leaks out of the central scattering area. This momentum leakage is also the reason for the spatial exponential divergence of resonant state. It is by combining the opposite temporal and spatial behaviors of resonant states that we arrive at our probabilistic interpretation of these states. The physical need to normalize resonant wave functions over an expanding spatial domain arises because particles leak out of the region which contains the potential range and escape to infinity, and one has to include them in the total count of particle number.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Pramana Journal of Physics as an article in the proceedings of Homi Bhabha Centenary Conference on Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics PHHQP VIII; this version are with added references as well as some rewording after reviewer's suggestions
A new method for inferring timetrees from temporally sampled molecular sequences
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Algorithms
Animals
Computational Biology
Evolution, Molecular
Humans
Phylogeny
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Software
Virus Diseases
Viruses

description: © 2020 Miura et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Pathogen timetrees are phylogenies scaled to time. They reveal the temporal history of a pathogen spread through the populations as captured in the evolutionary history of strains. These timetrees are inferred by using molecular sequences of pathogenic strains sampled at different times. That is, temporally sampled sequences enable the inference of sequence divergence times. Here, we present a new approach (RelTime with Dated Tips [RTDT]) to estimating pathogen timetrees based on a relative rate framework underlying the RelTime approach that is algebraic in nature and distinct from all other current methods. RTDT does not require many of the priors demanded by Bayesian approaches, and it has light computing requirements. In analyses of an extensive collection of computer-simulated datasets, we found the accuracy of RTDT time estimates and the coverage probabilities of their confidence intervals (CIs) to be excellent. In analyses of empirical datasets, RTDT produced dates that were similar to those reported in the literature. In comparative benchmarking with Bayesian and non-Bayesian methods (LSD, TreeTime, and treedater), we found that no method performed the best in every scenario. So, we provide a brief guideline for users to select the most appropriate method in empirical data analysis. RTDT is implemented for use via a graphical user interface and in high-throughput settings in the newest release of cross-platform MEGA X software, freely available from http://www.megasoftware.net.
First principles study of the graphene/Ru(0001) interface
Creators: name: Jiang, De-en
name: Du, Mao-Hua
name: Dai, Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Annealing the Ru metal that typically contains residual carbon impurities offers a facile way to grow graphene on Ru(0001) at the macroscopic scale. Two superstructures of the graphene/Ru(0001) interface with periodicities of 3.0-nm and 2.7-nm, respectively, have been previously observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Using first-principles density functional theory, we optimized the observed superstructures and found interfacial C-Ru bonding of C atoms atop Ru atoms for both superstructures, which causes the graphene sheet to buckle and form periodic humps of ~1.7 A in height within the graphene sheet. The flat region of the graphene sheet, which is 2.2-2.3 A above the top Ru layer and has more C atoms occupying the atop sites, interacts more strongly with the substrate than does the hump region. We found that interfacial adhesion is much stronger for the 3.0-nm superstructure than for the 2.7-nm superstructure, suggesting that the former is the thermodynamically more stable phase. We explained the 3.0-nm superstructure's stability in terms of the interplay between C-Ru bonding and lattice matching.
description: 16 pages; 5 figures