cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Clouds on the hot Jupiter HD189733b: constraints from the reflection spectrum
Creators: name: Barstow, Joanna K.
name: Aigrain, Suzanne
name: Irwin, Patrick G. J.
name: Hackler, Till
name: Fletcher, Leigh N.
name: Lee, Jae-Min
name: Gibson, Neale P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hot Jupiter HD 189733b is probably the best studied of the known extrasolar planets, with published transit and eclipse spectra covering the near UV to mid-IR range. Recent work on the transmission spectrum has shown clear evidence for the presence of clouds in its atmosphere, which significantly increases the model atmosphere parameter space that must be explored in order to fully characterise this planet. In this work, we apply the NEMESIS atmospheric retrieval code to the recently published HST/STIS reflection spectrum, and also to the dayside thermal emission spectrum in the light of new Spitzer/IRAC measurements, as well as our own re-analysis of the HST/NICMOS data. We first use the STIS data to place some constraints on the nature of the cloud on HD189733b, and explore solution degeneracy between different cloud properties and the abundance of Na in the atmosphere; as already noted in previous work, absorption due to Na plays a significant role in determining the shape of the reflection spectrum. We then perform a new retrieval of the temperature profile and abundances of H2O, CO2, CO and CH4 from the dayside thermal emission spectrum. Finally, we investigate the effect of including cloud in the model on this retrieval process. We find that the current quality of data does not warrant the extra complexity introduced by including cloud in the model; however, future data are likely to be of sufficient resolution and signal-to-noise that a more complete model, including scattering particles, will be required.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Measurement of strong coupling constant by using event shape moments in perturbative theory
Creators: name: Khajooee, L.
name: Kalalian, T.
name: Saleh-Moghaddam, R.
name: Sepehri, A.
name: Zomorrodian, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the strong coupling constant at NNLO corrections. We do this analysis with moments of event shape variables: thrust, C parameter, heavy jet mass, wide and total jet broadening, by fitting the L3 and DELPHI data with NNLO model. Our real data are consistent with NNLO calculations, because it involves higher order terms in QCD calculations.
description: 11 Pages, 2 Figures, 5 Tables. Accepted for publication in Acta Physica polonica B
Warming early Mars with CO2 and H2
Creators: name: Ramirez, Ramses M.
name: Kopparapu, Ravi
name: Zugger, Michael E.
name: Robinson, Tyler D.
name: Freedman, Richard
name: Kasting, James F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of valleys on ancient terrains of Mars suggest that liquid water flowed on the martian surface 3.8 billion years ago or before. The above-freezing temperatures required to explain valley formation could have been transient, in response to frequent large meteorite impacts on early Mars, or they could have been caused by long-lived greenhouse warming. Climate models that consider only the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and water vapor have been unable to recreate warm surface conditions, given the lower solar luminosity at that time. Here we use a one-dimensional climate model to demonstrate that an atmosphere containing 1.3-4 bar of CO2 and water vapor, along with 5 to 20 percent H2, could have raised the mean surface temperature of early Mars above the freezing point of water. Vigorous volcanic outgassing from a highly reduced early martian mantle is expected to provide sufficient atmospheric H2 and CO2, the latter from the photochemical oxidation of outgassed CH4 and CO, to form a CO2-H2 greenhouse. Such a dense early martian atmosphere is consistent with independent estimates of surface pressure based on cratering data.
description: 48 pages, 12 figures, and 4 tables. The official Nature Geoscience version is found here: http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n1/full/ngeo2000.html
Gesellschaftliche Deutung von Armut und Bewältigungsstrategien von Armutsbetroffenen: Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur und ihre Relevanz für die sozialarbeiterische Beratungsarbeit
Creators: name: Viktorin, Johanna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Armut wird gemeinhin mit Selbstverschuldung, Unfähigkeit, Faulheit, Arbeitsscheu und dergleichen in Verbindung gebracht. Diese seit langem tradierten, durch gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen geprägten und medial verbreiteten stereotypen Bilder sind in der Gesellschaft stark verankert. Armut wird primär als individuelles Versagen thematisiert und gesellschaftlich bedingte Strukturprobleme aussen vor gelassen. Nicht zuletzt beeinflusst dies, dass viele Menschen trotz prekären Lebenssituationen keine (private oder staatliche) Hilfe in Anspruch nehmen. Hilfebedürftigkeit bzw. Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe stehen in einem dauernden Spannungsverhältnis zu dieser gesellschaftlichen Deutung von Armut. Was Armutsbetroffene bei der Bewältigung ihres Alltags leisten, welche Strategien des Überlebens und der Identitätssicherung sie entwickeln, bleibt oft unbeleuchtet. In der sozialarbeiterischen Beratungsarbeit sowohl gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen bzw. Deutungen als auch Strategien und das Handlungsvermögen von Armutsbetroffenen im Blick zu haben ist relevant. Dadurch können Verhaltensweisen von Klient_innen – ihr Streben nach psychosozialer Handlungsfähigkeit und somit nach Selbstwert, Anerkennung, Selbstwirksamkeit – auch aus der Perspektive der Armutsbetroffenheit erkannt, gedeutet und diesen entsprechend begegnet werden.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialarbeit, 2022 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202209
MPEC 2023-P25 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A Cryogenic Infrared Calibration Target
Creators: name: Wollack, Edward J.
name: Kinzer, Robin E.
name: Rinehart, Stephan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A compact cryogenic calibration target is presented that has a peak diffuse reflectance, $R \le 0.003$, from $800-4,800\,{\rm cm}^{-1}$ $(12-2\,μ$m). Upon expanding the spectral range under consideration to $400-10,000\,{\rm cm}^{-1}$ $(25-1\,μ$m) the observed performance gracefully degrades to $R \le 0.02$ at the band edges. In the implementation described, a high-thermal-conductivity metallic substrate is textured with a pyramidal tiling and subsequently coated with a thin lossy dielectric coating that enables high absorption and thermal uniformity across the target. The resulting target assembly is lightweight, has a low-geometric profile, and has survived repeated thermal cycling from room temperature to $\sim4\,$K. Basic design considerations, governing equations, and test data for realizing the structure described are provided. The optical properties of selected absorptive materials -- Acktar Fractal Black, Aeroglaze Z306, and Stycast 2850 FT epoxy loaded with stainless steel powder -- are characterized and presented.
Haldane-like antiferromagnetic spin chain in the large anisotropy limit
Creators: name: Owerre, S. A.
name: Paranjape, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the one dimensional, periodic spin chain with $N$ sites, similar to the one studied by Haldane \cite{hal}, however in the opposite limit of very large anisotropy and small nearest neighbour, anti-ferromagnetic exchange coupling between the spins, which are of large magnitude $s$. For a chain with an even number of sites we show that actually the ground state is non degenerate and given by a superposition of the two Néel states, due to quantum spin tunnelling. With an odd number of sites, the Néel state must necessarily contain a soliton. The position of the soliton is arbitrary thus the ground state is $N$-fold degenerate. This set of states reorganizes into a band. We show that this occurs at order $2s$ in perturbation theory. The ground state is non-degenerate for integer spin, but degenerate for half-odd integer spin as is required by Kramer's theorem \cite{kram}.
description: 4 pages, no figures
UMTS Network Coverage Hole Detection using Decision Tree Classifier Machine Learning Approach
Creators: name: Geleta Abdissa Wayessa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Due to various innovative mobile services and applications, traffic is constantly increasing

in size and complexity globally and as well as locally in Ethiopia. To fulfill these

requirements in both quality and quantity, a wide range of radio frequency signal coverage

areas are required. One means of satisfying this requirement is proper planning and

devising proper network management during operational phase for network coverage

hole detection for optimization of uncovered area. Measurement collection is a primary

step towards analyzing and optimizing the performance of a telecommunication service.

In this sense, this work aims to present a solution that contributes to reduce costs and

time in network monitoring by exploiting user equipment Measurement Report (MR)

data via the Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) functionality.

An automatic coverage hole detection based on classification techniques, which is a

Decision Tree (DT) classifier-based approach is used for rule induction to identify

different scenarios of coverage holes and their respective areas for better service delivery

purposes. The main idea is to jointly observe signal strength and signal quality for

effective coverage-hole detection. It uses a new approach to classify four coverage

scenarios such as “good coverage and good quality”, “good coverage but poor quality”,

“poor coverage but good quality”, and “poor coverage and poor quality” in Universal

Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network considering the last three coverage

classes as coverage -hole with different severity levels
Time delays between Fermi LAT and GBM light curves of GRBs
Creators: name: Castignani, Gianluca
name: Guetta, Dafne
name: Pian, Elena
name: Amati, Lorenzo
name: Puccetti, Simonetta
name: Dichiara, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope exhibit a delay of up to about 10 seconds between the trigger time of the hard X-ray signal as measured by the Fermi GBM and the onset of the MeV-GeV counterpart detected by the LAT. This delay may hint at important physics, whether it is due to the intrinsic variability of the inner engine or it is related to quantum dispersion effects in the velocity of light propagation from the sources to the observer. It is critical to have a proper assessment of how these time delays affect the overall properties of the light curves. We cross-correlated the 5 brightest GRBs of the 1st Fermi LAT Catalog by means of the continuous correlation function (CCF) and of the Discrete Correlation Function (DCF). A maximum in the DCF suggests the presence of a time lag between the curves, whose value and uncertainty are estimated through a Gaussian fitting of the DCF profile and light curve simulation via a Monte Carlo approach. The cross-correlation of the observed LAT and GBM light curves yields time lags that are mostly similar to those reported in the literature, but they are formally consistent with zero. The cross-correlation of the simulated light curves yields smaller errors on the time lags and more than one time lag for GRBs 090902B and 090926A; for all 5 GRBs, the time lags are significantly different from zero and consistent with those reported in the literature, when only the secondary maxima are considered for those two GRBs. The DCF method evidences the presence of time lags between the LAT and GBM light curves and underlines their complexity. While this suggests that the delays should be ascribed to intrinsic physical mechanisms, more sensitivity and larger statistics are needed to assess whether time lags are universally present in the early GRB emission and which dynamical time scales they trace.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Second Life as a Platform for Physics Simulations and Microworlds: An Evaluation
Creators: name: Santos, Renato P. dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.1; J.2; I.6.8

description: Often mistakenly seen as a game, the online 3D immersive virtual world Second Life (SL) is itself a huge and sophisticated simulator of an entire Earthlike world. Differently from other metaverses where physical laws are not seriously taken into account, objects created in SL are automatically controlled by a powerful physics engine software. Despite that, it has been used mostly as a mere place for exploration and inquiry, with emphasis on group interaction. This article reports on a study conducted to evaluate the SL environment as a platform for physical simulations and microworlds. It begins by discussing a few relevant features of SL and a few differences found between it and traditional simulators e.g. Modellus. Finally, the SL environment as a platform for physical simulations and microworlds is evaluated. Some concrete examples of simulations in SL, including two of our own authorship, will be presented briefly in order to clarify and enrich both discussion and analysis. However, implementation of simulations in SL is not without drawbacks like the lack of experience many teachers have with programming and the differences found between SL Physics and Newtonian Physics. Despite of that, findings suggest it may possible for teachers to overcome these obstacles.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1405.6326
Raychaudhuri equation in $k$-essence geometry: conditional singular and non-singular cosmological models
Creators: name: Das, Surajit
name: Panda, Arijit
name: Manna, Goutam
name: Ray, Saibal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how the Raychaudhuri equation behaves in the $k$-essence geometry. As far as we are concerned, both the early and current epochs of the universe are relevant to the $k$-essence theory. Here, we have studied the $k$-essence geometry using the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) variety of non-standard action. The corresponding $k$-essence emergent spacetime is not conformally equivalent to the usual gravitational metric. We assume that the background gravitational metric is of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) type in this case. We have found that both the conditional singular and non-singular cosmological models of the universe through the modified Raychaudhuri equation are possible where we have used the spacetime as the flat $k$-essence emergent FLRW-type. We have also addressed to the Focusing theorem and conditional caustic universe construction. These conditional effects are caused by the additional interactions that arise as a result of the coupling that exists between the gravity and the $k$-essence scalar field.
description: 5 figures
Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: Stellar and Atmospheric Habitability
Creators: name: Sandora, McCullen
name: Airapetian, Vladimir
name: Barnes, Luke
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar activity and planetary atmospheric properties have the potential to strongly influence habitability. To date, neither have been adequately studied in the multiverse context, so there has been no assessment of how these effects impact the probabilities of observing our fundamental constants. Here, we consider the effects of solar wind, mass loss, and extreme ultra-violet (XUV) flux on planetary atmospheres, how these effects scale with fundamental constants, and how this affects the likelihood of our observations. We determine the minimum atmospheric mass that can withstand erosion, maintain liquid surface water, and buffer diurnal temperature changes. We consider two plausible sources of Earth's atmosphere, as well as the notion that only initially slowly rotating stars are habitable, and find that all are equally compatible with the multiverse. We consider whether planetary magnetic fields are necessary for habitability, and find five boundaries in parameter space where magnetic fields are precluded. We find that if an Earth-like carbon-to-oxygen ratio is required for life, atmospheric effects do not have much of an impact on multiverse calculations. If significantly different carbon-to-oxygen ratios are compatible with life, magnetic fields must not be essential for life, and planet atmosphere must not scale with stellar nitrogen abundance, or else the multiverse would be ruled out to a high degree of confidence.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
Defining the Flora Family: Orbital Properties, Reflectance Properties and Age
Creators: name: Dykhuis, Melissa J.
name: Molnar, Lawrence
name: Van Kooten, Samuel J.
name: Greenberg, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Flora family resides in the densely populated inner main belt, bounded in semimajor axis by the $ν_6$ secular resonance and the Jupiter 3:1 mean motion resonance. The presence of several large families that overlap dynamically with the Floras (e.g., the Vesta, Baptistina, and Nysa-Polana families), and the removal of a significant fraction of Floras via the nearby $ν_6$ resonance complicates the Flora family's distinction in both proper orbital elements and reflectance properties. Here we use orbital information from the Asteroids Dynamic Site, color information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and albedo information from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer to obtain the median orbital and reflectance properties of the Floras by sampling the core of the family in multidimensional phase space. We find the median Flora SDSS colors to be $a^*$ = 0.126 $\pm$ 0.007 and $i-z = -0.037 \pm 0.007$; the median Flora albedo is $p_V$ = 0.291 $\pm$ 0.012. These properties allow us to define ranges for the Flora family in orbital and reflectance properties, as required for a detailed dynamical study. We use the young Karin family, for which we have an age determined via direct backward integration of members' orbits, to calibrate the Yarkovsky drift rates for the Flora family without having to estimate the Floras' material properties. The size-dependent dispersion of the Flora members in semimajor axis (the "V" plot) then yields an age for the family of $910^{+160}_{-120}$ My, with the uncertainty dominated by the uncertainty in the material properties of the family members (e.g., density and surface thermal properties). We discuss the effects on our age estimate of two independent processes that both introduce obliquity variations among the family members on short (My) timescales: 1) the capture of Flora members in spin-orbit resonance, and 2) YORP-driven obliquity variation.
description: 60 pages, 18 figures, Icarus, submitted
Editorial Referees: Journal of Studies on Alcohol (1974-1975)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1975

description: Copies of pages listing editorial referees and members of the editorial board of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol. The Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, ISSN: 0033-5649 was founded in 1940 by Howard W. Haggard, M.D., director of Yale University’s Laboratory of Applied Physiology. Later it was renamed the Journal of Studies on Alcohol, and is currently called the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, published at the Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.
Gauge Fields in the 5D Gravity-Scalar Standing Wave Braneworld
Creators: name: Gogberashvili, Merab
name: Midodashvili, Pavle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate localization problem for gauge fields within the 5D standing wave braneworld with real scalar field and show that there exist normalizable vector field zero modes on the brane.
description: 6 pages, no figures
Radio signatures of solar energetic particles during the 23rd solar cycle
Creators: name: Miteva, R.
name: Klein, K. -L.
name: Samwel, S. W.
name: Nindos, A.
name: Kouloumvakos, A.
name: Reid, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the association rates between solar energetic particles (SEPs) and the radio emission signatures in the corona and IP space during the entire solar cycle 23. We selected SEPs associated with X and M-class flares from the visible solar hemisphere. All SEP events are also accompanied by coronal mass ejections. Here, we focus on the correlation between the SEP events and the appearance of radio type II, III and IV bursts on dynamic spectra. For this we used the available radio data from ground-based stations and the Wind/WAVES spacecraft. The associations are presented separately for SEP events accompanying activity in the eastern and western solar hemisphere. We find the highest association rate of SEP events to be with type III bursts, followed by types II and IV. Whereas for types III and IV no longitudinal dependence is noticed, these is a tendency for a higher SEP-association rate with type II bursts in the eastern hemisphere. A comparison with reports from previous studies is briefly discussed.
description: http://adsabs.harvard.edu.ezproxy.obspm.fr/abs/2013CEAB...37..541M
Manifesting the Quantum World
Creators: name: Mohrhoff, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In resisting attempts to explain the unity of a whole in terms of a multiplicity of interacting parts, quantum mechanics calls for an explanatory concept that proceeds in the opposite direction: from unity to multiplicity. It concerns the process by which what Sellars called the Manifest Image of the world comes into being. This process consists in the progressive differentiation of an intrinsically undifferentiated entity. By entering into reflexive spatial relations, this gives rise to (i) what looks like a multiplicity of relata if the reflexive quality of the relations is not taken into account, and (ii) what looks like a substantial expanse if the spatial quality of the relations is reified. If there is a distinctly quantum domain, it is a non-spatial and non-temporal dimension across which the transition from the unity of this entity to the multiplicity of the world takes place. Instead of being constituents of the physical world, subatomic particles, atoms, and molecules are instrumental in its manifestation. These conclusions are based on the following interpretive principle: whenever calculating probabilities calls for the addition of amplitudes, the distinctions we make between the alternatives lack objective reality. Applied to alternatives involving distinctions between regions of space, this principle implies that the spatiotemporal differentiation of the physical world is incomplete: the existence of a real-valued spatiotemporal background is an unrealistic idealization. This guarantees the existence of observables whose values are real *per se*, as against "real by virtue of being indicated by the values of observables that are real *per se*." Applied to alternatives involving distinctions between things, it implies that, intrinsically, all fundamental particles are numerically identical and thus identifiable with the aforementioned undifferentiated entity.
description: 50 pages, 1 pstricks figure, to appear in Foundations of Physics, includes changes intended to be made in proof
Active control of emission directionality of semiconductor microdisk lasers
Creators: name: Liew, Seng Fatt
name: Redding, Brandon
name: Ge, Li
name: Solomon, Glenn S.
name: Cao, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate lasing mode selection in nearly circular semiconductor microdisks by shaping the spatial profile of optical pump. Despite of strong mode overlap, adaptive pumping suppresses all lasing modes except the targeted one. Due to slight deformation of the cavity shape and boundary roughness, each lasing mode has distinct emission pattern. By selecting different mode to be the dominant lasing mode, we can switch both the lasing frequency and the output direction. Such tunability by external pump after the laser is fabricated enhances the functionality of semiconductor microcavity lasers.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Essays on Bank and FinTech Risk
Creators: name: SAKLAIN, MD SOHEL
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Finance
Financial institutions (incl. banking)

description: This thesis comprises three essays on various aspects of bank and FinTech risk. The first essay examines the big bath accounting practices during the CEO turnover in the context of bank risk: more importantly - systemic risk. The second essay examines the influence of financial structure (a relative index between the banking sector and the capital market of a country) on banks’ revenue choices, profitability and risk. The last essay investigates the differences in idiosyncratic/firm-specific risk and systemic risk between FinTech firms and traditional financial institutions (FIs).
Offset Active Galactic Nuclei as Tracers of Galaxy Mergers and Supermassive Black Hole Growth
Creators: name: Comerford, Julia M.
name: Greene, Jenny E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Offset active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are AGNs that are in ongoing galaxy mergers, which produce kinematic offsets in the AGNs relative to their host galaxies. Offset AGNs are also close relatives of dual AGNs. We conduct a systematic search for offset AGNs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, by selecting AGN emission lines that exhibit statistically significant line-of-sight velocity offsets relative to systemic. From a parent sample of 18314 Type 2 AGNs at z<0.21, we identify 351 offset AGN candidates with velocity offsets of 50 km/s < |v| < 410 km/s. When we account for projection effects in the observed velocities, we estimate that 4% - 8% of AGNs are offset AGNs. We designed our selection criteria to bypass velocity offsets produced by rotating gas disks, AGN outflows, and gravitational recoil of supermassive black holes, but follow-up observations are still required to confirm our candidates as offset AGNs. We find that the fraction of AGNs that are offset candidates increases with AGN bolometric luminosity, from 0.7% to 6% over the luminosity range 43 < log(L_bol) [erg/s] < 46. If these candidates are shown to be bona fide offset AGNs, then this would be direct observational evidence that galaxy mergers preferentially trigger high-luminosity AGNs. Finally, we find that the fraction of AGNs that are offset AGN candidates increases from 1.9% at z=0.1 to 32% at z=0.7, in step with the growth in the galaxy merger fraction over the same redshift range.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Generalized Achlioptas process for the delay of criticality in the percolation process
Creators: name: Giazitzidis, Paraskevas
name: Argyrakis, Panos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Achlioptas model for the delay of criticality in the percolation problem. Instead of having a completely random connectivity pattern, we generalize the idea of the two-site probe in the Achlioptas model for connecting smaller clusters, by introducing two models: the first one by allowing any number k of probe sites to be investigated, k being a parameter, and the second one independent of any specific number of probe sites, but with a probabilistic character which depends on the size of the resulting clusters. We find numerically the complete spectrum of critical points and our results indicate that the value of the critical point behaves linearly with k after the value of k = 3. The range k = 2-3 is not linear but parabolic. The more general model of generating clusters with probability inversely proportional to the size of the resulting cluster produces a critical point which is equivalent to the value of k being in the range k = 5-7.
Metal enhanced fluorescence in rare earth doped plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles
Creators: name: Derom, S.
name: Berthelot, A.
name: Pillonnet, A.
name: Benamara, O.
name: Jurdyc, A. M.
name: Girard, C.
name: Francs, G. Colas des
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically and numerically investigate metal enhanced fluorescence of plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles doped with rare earth (RE) ions. Particle shape and size are engineered to maximize the average enhancement factor (AEF) of the overall doped shell. We show that the highest enhancement (11 in the visible and 7 in the near-infrared) are achieved by tuning either the dipolar or quadrupolar particle resonance to the rare earth ions excitation wavelength. Additionally, the calculated AEFs are compared to experimental data reported in the literature, obtained in similar conditions (plasmon mediated enhancement) or when a metal-RE energy transfer mechanism is involved.
Interaction-free evolving states of a bipartite system
Creators: name: Napoli, A.
name: Guccione, M.
name: Messina, A.
name: Chruściński
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that two interacting physical systems may admit entangled pure or non separable mixed states evolving in time as if the mutual interaction hamiltonian were absent. In this paper we define these states Interaction Free Evolving (IFE) states and characterize their existence for a generic binary system described by a time independent Hamiltonian. A comparison between IFE subspace and the decoherence free subspace is reported. The set of all pure IFE states is explicitly constructed for a non homogeneous spin star system model.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. A
Bitcoin Transaction Malleability and MtGox
Creators: name: Decker, Christian
name: Wattenhofer, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Bitcoin, transaction malleability describes the fact that the signatures that prove the ownership of bitcoins being transferred in a transaction do not provide any integrity guarantee for the signatures themselves. This allows an attacker to mount a malleability attack in which it intercepts, modifies, and rebroadcasts a transaction, causing the transaction issuer to believe that the original transaction was not confirmed. In February 2014 MtGox, once the largest Bitcoin exchange, closed and filed for bankruptcy claiming that attackers used malleability attacks to drain its accounts. In this work we use traces of the Bitcoin network for over a year preceding the filing to show that, while the problem is real, there was no widespread use of malleability attacks before the closure of MtGox.
ARRIVE Author Checklist Validating skin swabbing as a refined technique to collect DNA from small-bodied fish species.pdf
Creators: name: Tilley, Ceinwen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Animal welfare

description: The ARRIVE author checklist for the publication by Tilley and colleagues "Validating skin swabbing as a refined technique to collect DNA from small-bodied fish species" which investigated the effect of lidocaine treatment on fish welfare after skin swabbing. Comparing skin swabbing and fin clipping in small labotatory fish and demonstrating skin swabbing is a refinement for collecting DNA from them.
Investigating the effect of seed-banking on Australian-native seed microbiome composition and function
Creators: name: Russell, Dylan Harry
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310799
subject: Microbiology not elsewhere classified

description: Native species revegetaHon plays a central role in addressing biodiversity decline and restoring functional ecosystems. Native seeds held in seed banks are a vital resource underpinning these efforts. However, germination, seedling establishment and survival rates from banked seed can be poor. In agricultural species, seeds carry microorganisms that can assist in germination, nutrient acquisition, growth, and stress protection. The composition and functional potential of microbes associated with Australian native plants remains largely unknown. Consequently, it is unknown whether seed banking practices appreciably affect native seed microbiomes and whether this may have flow on effects for revegetation success. This thesis investigated differences in the seed surface microbiome of the Australian native Acacia ulicifolia (Salisb.) Court. in seeds obtained from seedbank facilities and natural populations, using both culture-dependent and independent approaches. Stored seed samples showed significantly lower bacterial diversity and abundance than seeds collected from natural populations and also had fewer culturable bacteria displaying putative plant growth promoting traits. Additionally, a previously undescribed rhizobia (1174-901-12) was identified as a common feature in natural seed microbiomes, but was not recovered from stored seed. Overall, these results suggest that simplification of the seed epiphyte microbiome may take place during storage and warrants further investigation.
Lycoris: Large Area Silicon Strip Telescope
Creators: name: Krämer, Uwe
name: Stanitzki, Marcel
name: Wu, Mengqing
name: Roelofs, Sebastiaan
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2018

description: 4. Annual MT Meeting, Berlin, DESY, University of Hamburg, Germany, 12 Jun 2018 - 14 Jun 2018
An Empirical Study of the Influence of Online Review Content on Consumer Decisions
Creators: name: SHAH, AAKASH MAYUR KUMAR
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Decision making
Marketing management (incl. strategy and customer relations)
Panel data analysis

description: This thesis examines the influence of online reviews using hierarchical Bayesian modelling methods at an individual level, providing insights into how consumers read online reviews and how reviews influence their purchase decisions. Across three studies, this research shows that consumers read reviews across many sessions before making a purchase and that prior exposure to reviews affects review consumption in subsequent sessions. The findings will allow marketers to determine the persuasiveness of reviews and, as such, display potentially more influential or useful reviews early on, enabling them to improve customer engagement on their websites and, as a result, conversion rates.
The O(3) nonlinear sigma model in 1+1 dimensions with matrix product states
Creators: name: Bruckmann, Falk
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Kühn, Stefan
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: potential: chemical
sigma model: nonlinear
entropy: entanglement
dimension: 1
mass: gap
critical phenomena
scaling
O(3)
continuum limit
central charge
spectral
network

description: We numerically study the spectral properties, the entanglement and the zero-temperature phase structure at nonvanishing chemical potential of the O(3) nonlinear sigma model. Using matrix product states, a particular kind of one-dimensional tensor network states, we show that we are able to reach the asymptotic scaling regime and to reproduce the analytical predictions for the mass gap at vanishing chemical potential. In addition, we study the scaling of the entanglement entropy towards the continuum limit obtaining a central charge consistent with 2. Moreover, our approach does not suffer from the sign problem and we also explore the phase structure of the model for nonzero chemical potential and map out the location of the transitions between different charge sectors with high precision.
Chiral spin superfluidity and spontaneous spin Hall effect of interacting bosons
Creators: name: Li, Xiaopeng
name: Natu, Stefan S.
name: Paramekanti, Arun
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments on ultracold atoms in optical lattices have synthesized a variety of tunable bands with degenerate double-well structures in momentum space. Such degeneracies in the single particle spectrum strongly enhance quantum fluctuations, and may lead to exotic many-body ground states. Here we consider weakly interacting spinor Bose gases in such bands, and discover a universal quantum "order by disorder" phenomenon which selects a novel chiral spin superfluid with remarkable properties such as spontaneous anomalous spin Hall effect and momentum space antiferromagnetism. For bosons in the excited Dirac band of a hexagonal lattice, such a state supports staggered spin loop currents in real space. We show that Bloch oscillations provide a powerful dynamical route to quantum state preparation of such a chiral spin superfluid. Our predictions can be readily tested in spin resolved time-of-flight experiments.
description: 7+4 pages, 6 figures
Simulation methods and tools for collaborative embedded systems: with focus on the automotive smart ecosystems
Creators: name: Cioroaica, Emilia
name: Pudlitz, Florian
name: Gerostathopoulos, Ilias
name: Kuhn, Thomas
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
subject: simulation
subject: collaborative embedded systems
subject: automotive

description: Embedded Systems are increasingly equipped with open interfaces that enable communication and collaboration with other embedded systems. Collaborative embedded systems (CES) can be seen as an emerging new class of systems which, although individually designed and developed, can form collaborations at runtime. When embedded systems collaborate with each other, functions developed independently need to be integrated for performing evaluation of the resulting system in order to discover unwanted side-effects. Traditionally, early-stage validation and verification (V&V) of systems composed of collaborative subsystems is performed by function integration at design time. Simulation is used at this stage to verify system’s behaviour in a predefined set of test scenarios. In this paper we provide a survey of simulation methods and tools for the V&V of CES. In the context of one use case from the automotive domain (vehicle platooning) we present solutions (methods and tools) and challenges brought by evaluating vehicle collaboration using simulation.
Cosmic Acceleration from Abelian Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a consistent theory for a self-interacting vector field, breaking an Abelian symmetry in such a way to obtain an interesting behavior for its longitudinal polarization. In an appropriate decoupling limit, the dynamics of the longitudinal mode is controlled by Galileon interactions. The full theory away from the decoupling limit does not propagate ghost modes, and can be investigated in regimes where non-linearities become important. When coupled to gravity, this theory provides a candidate for dark energy, since it admits de Sitter cosmological solutions characterized by a technically natural value for the Hubble parameter. We also consider the homogeneous evolution when, besides the vector, additional matter in the form of perfect fluids is included. We find that the vector can have an important role in characterizing the universe expansion.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Choice Over Control: How Users Write with Large Language Models using Diegetic and Non-Diegetic Prompting
Creators: name: Dang, Hai
name: Goller, Sven
name: Lehmann, Florian
name: Buschek, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; I.2.7

description: We propose a conceptual perspective on prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) that distinguishes between (1) diegetic prompts (part of the narrative, e.g. "Once upon a time, I saw a fox..."), and (2) non-diegetic prompts (external, e.g. "Write about the adventures of the fox."). With this lens, we study how 129 crowd workers on Prolific write short texts with different user interfaces (1 vs 3 suggestions, with/out non-diegetic prompts; implemented with GPT-3): When the interface offered multiple suggestions and provided an option for non-diegetic prompting, participants preferred choosing from multiple suggestions over controlling them via non-diegetic prompts. When participants provided non-diegetic prompts it was to ask for inspiration, topics or facts. Single suggestions in particular were guided both with diegetic and non-diegetic information. This work informs human-AI interaction with generative models by revealing that (1) writing non-diegetic prompts requires effort, (2) people combine diegetic and non-diegetic prompting, and (3) they use their draft (i.e. diegetic information) and suggestion timing to strategically guide LLMs.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, ACM CHI 2023
Mögen hätt ich schon wollen, aber dürfen hab ich mich nicht getraut! Widersprüchliche Signale der Klimapolitik
Creators: name: Lerch, Achim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Klimapolitik, Emissionshandel, Reform, Effizienz

description: Im März 2023 wurden auf europäischer und deutscher Ebene weitreichende Entscheidungen zur Klimapolitik getroffen: Eine Sanierungspflicht für ältere Wohngebäude und ein Verbot von Verbrennungsmotoren in der EU sowie ein Verbot des Einbaus neuer Gas- und Ölheizungen in Deutschland. Diese Maßnahmen konterkarieren allerdings eine andere wichtige Entscheidung aus dem Dezember 2022: Die Ausdehnung des europäischen Emissionshandels auf die Sektoren Gebäude und Verkehr.
Metric space formulation of quantum mechanical conservation laws
Creators: name: Sharp, P. M.
name: D'Amico, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that conservation laws in quantum mechanics naturally lead to metric spaces for the set of related physical quantities. All such metric spaces have an "onion-shell" geometry. We demonstrate the power of this approach by considering many-body systems immersed in a magnetic field, with a finite ground state current. In the associated metric spaces we find regions of allowed and forbidden distances, a "band structure" in metric space directly arising from the conservation of the $z$ component of the angular momentum.
On Geometric Scaling of Light-Like Wilson Polygons: Higher Orders in $α_s$
Creators: name: Mertens, T.
name: Cherednikov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the scaling behaviour of contour-shape-dependent ultra-violet singularities of the light-like cusped Wilson loops in Yang-Mills and ${\cal N} = 4$ super-Yang-Mills theories in the higher orders of the perturbative expansion. We give the simple arguments to support the idea that identifying of a special type of non-local infinitesimal shape variations of the light-like Wilson polygons with the Fréchet differentials results in the combined geometric and renormalization-group evolution equation, which is applicable beyond the leading order exponentiated Wilson loops.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Dijkstra Monads Forever
Creators: name: Silver, Lucas
name: Zdancewic
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This paper extends the Dijkstra monad framework, designed for writing specifications over effectful programs using monadic effects, to handle termination sensitive specifications over interactive programs. We achieve this by introducing base specification monads for non-terminating programs with uninterpreted events. We model such programs using interaction trees, a coinductive datatype for representing programs with algebraic effects in Coq, which we further develop by adding trace semantics. We show that this approach subsumes typical, simple proof principles. The framework is implemented as an extension of the Interaction Trees Coq library.