title: Adaption duration dissociates cetegory-, identity- and image-specific processes for faces
Creators: name: Zbant, Adriana
Publisher: name: :none
Year: 2015

description: In the last decades several studies have demonstrated that the way we perceive faces can be biased by the prior presentation of another face, a phenomenon commonly referred to as face-related after-effect (FAE). This effect was linked to a neural signal-reduction at the occipito-temporal areas. This stimulus-specific signal reduction has been referred to as adaptation (ADA), repetition suppression, or neural priming. In case of faces, ADA can be observed in the amplitude modulation of the early event-related potential (ERP) components, such as the P100, N170, and P2. Recent studies suggest that manipulating the duration of the first face presentation provides an opportunity to selectively adapt neural processes at different stages of visual processing. Although rapid (&lt; 1000 ms adaptation duration) ADA paradigms have found conflicting ERP results these findings indicate the adaptation of early, short-latency responses while for longer ADA durations a strong category-specific modulation of the N170 was observed. To date, only few studies have investigated the effects of varying adaptor durations. Therefore, the goal of this study was to uncover the effects of systematically varying adaptor durations on the behavioural and neuronal responses. To this end, in a 2AFC familiarity decision paradigm, we used five adaptor durations: 200, 1200, 2000, 3500, 5000 ms, and three face adaptor categories: Different Identity (Diff ID), different images of the Same Identity (Same ID), identical images of the same person - Repetition Suppression (RS). A Fourier phase-randomized adaptor image served as control (No). We defined three different types of effect: GENERIC ADAPTATION/PRIMING EFFECT as referring to the No versus Diff ID distinction; IDENTITY-SPECIFIC ADAPTATION/PRIMING EFFECT as referring to the Same ID versus Diff ID distinction; and IMAGE-SPECIFIC ADAPTATION/PRIMING EFFECT as referring to the Same ID versus RS distinction. The behavioural results show a strong priming effect both in the accuracy and in response times, mainly in case of RS condition. Our electrophysiological results indicate that by varying adaptor duration we can obtain different adaptation effects following different adapting durations, for each of the early face-related ERP components. The P100 and N170 reflect generic adaptation related to face perception, with a modulating effect of adaptor duration on the N170 that shows that generic adaptation takes place after 1200 ms. The P2 displays sensitivity to repetition after 1200 ms, while the N250 displayed generic, image and identity-specific adaptation at specific adaptor durations, showing that the activity of these components is also modulated by adaptor duration. Together these results show that for longer adaptor durations there is a dissociation between generic, image and identity-specific processes.
description: In the last decades several studies have demonstrated that the way we perceive faces can be biased by the prior presentation of another face, a phenomenon commonly referred to as face-related after-effect (FAE). This effect was linked to a neural signal-reduction at the occipito-temporal areas. This stimulus-specific signal reduction has been referred to as adaptation (ADA), repetition suppression, or neural priming. In case of faces, ADA can be observed in the amplitude modulation of the early event-related potential (ERP) components, such as the P100, N170, and P2. Recent studies suggest that manipulating the duration of the first face presentation provides an opportunity to selectively adapt neural processes at different stages of visual processing. Although rapid (&lt; 1000 ms adaptation duration) ADA paradigms have found conflicting ERP results these findings indicate the adaptation of early, short-latency responses while for longer ADA durations a strong category-specific modulation of the N170 was observed. To date, only few studies have investigated the effects of varying adaptor durations. Therefore, the goal of this study was to uncover the effects of systematically varying adaptor durations on the behavioural and neuronal responses. To this end, in a 2AFC familiarity decision paradigm, we used five adaptor durations: 200, 1200, 2000, 3500, 5000 ms, and three face adaptor categories: Different Identity (Diff ID), different images of the Same Identity (Same ID), identical images of the same person - Repetition Suppression (RS). A Fourier phase-randomized adaptor image served as control (No). We defined three different types of effect: GENERIC ADAPTATION/PRIMING EFFECT as referring to the No versus Diff ID distinction; IDENTITY-SPECIFIC ADAPTATION/PRIMING EFFECT as referring to the Same ID versus Diff ID distinction; and IMAGE-SPECIFIC ADAPTATION/PRIMING EFFECT as referring to the Same ID versus RS distinction. The behavioural results show a strong priming effect both in the accuracy and in response times, mainly in case of RS condition. Our electrophysiological results indicate that by varying adaptor duration we can obtain different adaptation effects following different adapting durations, for each of the early face-related ERP components. The P100 and N170 reflect generic adaptation related to face perception, with a modulating effect of adaptor duration on the N170 that shows that generic adaptation takes place after 1200 ms. The P2 displays sensitivity to repetition after 1200 ms, while the N250 displayed generic, image and identity-specific adaptation at specific adaptor durations, showing that the activity of these components is also modulated by adaptor duration. Together these results show that for longer adaptor durations there is a dissociation between generic, image and identity-specific processes.