cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electrosensory phase sensitivity in the weakly electric fish Eigenmannia in the detection of signals similar to its own
Creators: name: Kaunzinger, Ivo
name: Kramer, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Electric organ discharge; Signal detection; Phase sensitivity; Electrosensory stimulus-intensity threshold; Jamming avoidance response
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: The electric organ discharge (EOD) of the South American knifefish Eigenmannia sp. is a permanently present wave signal of usually constant amplitude and frequency (similar to a sine wave). A fish perceives discharges of other fish as a modulation of its own. At frequency identity (∆F = 0 Hz) the phase difference between a fish's own electric discharge and that of another fish affects the superimposed waveform. It was unclear whether or not the electrosensory stimulus- intensity threshold as behaviourally determined depends on the phase difference between a fish's own EOD and a sine-wave stimulus (at ∆F = 0 Hz). Also the strength of the jamming avoidance response (JAR), a discharge frequency shift away from a stimulus that is sufficiently close to the EOD frequency, as a function of phase difference was studied. Sine-wave stimuli were both frequency-clamped and phase-locked to a fish's discharge frequency (∆F = 0Hz). In food-rewarded fish, the electrosensory stimulus-intensity threshold depended significantly on the phase difference between a fish's discharge and the stimulus. Stimulus-intensity thresholds were low (down to 3 µV/cm, peak-to-peak) when the superimposed complex wave changed such that the shift in zero-crossings times relative to the original EOD was large but amplitude change minimal; stimulus-intensity thresholds were high (up to 16.9 µV/cm, peak-to-peak) when the shift in zero-crossings times was small but amplitude change maximal. Similar results were obtained for the non-conditioned JAR: at constant supra-threshold stimulus intensities and ∆F = 0 Hz, the phase difference significantly affected the strength of the JAR, although variability between individuals was higher than that observed in the conditioned experiments.
Solvation Effects in Phase Transitions in Soft Matter
Creators: name: Onuki, Akira
name: Araki, Takeaki
name: Okamoto, Ryuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transitions in polar binary mixtures can be drastically altered even by a small amount of salt. This is because the preferential solvation strongly depends on the ambient composition. Together with a summary of our research in this problem, we present some detailed results on the role of antagonistic salt composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ions. These ions tend to segregate at liquid-liquid interfaces and selectively couple to water-rich and oil-rich composition fluctuations, leading to mesophase formation. In our two-dimensional simulation, the corasening of the domain structures can be stopped or slowed down, depending on the interaction parameter (or the temperature) and the salt density. We realize stripe patterns at the critical composition and droplet patterns at off-critical compositions. In the latter case, charged droplets emerge with considerable size dispersity in a percolated region. We also give the structure factors among the ions, accounting for the Coulomb interaction and the solvation interaction mediated by the composition fluctuations.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
Planck constants in the symmetry breaking quantum gravity
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of quantum gravity, in which tetrads emerge as the bilinear combinations of the fermionic field, suggests that in general relativity the interval $ds$ is dimensionless. Several other approaches to quantum gravity, including the model of superplastic vacuum and $BF$-theories of gravity support this suggestion. The important consequence of such metric dimension is that all the diffeomorphism invariant quantities are dimensionless for any dimension of spacetime. These include the action $S$, cosmological constant $Λ$, scalar curvature $R$, scalar field $Φ$, wave function $ψ$, etc. The composite fermion approach to quantum gravity suggests that the Planck constant $\hbar$ can be the parameter of the Minkowski metric. Here we extend this suggestion by introducing two Planck constants, bar h and slash h, which are the parameters of the correspondingly time component and space component of the Minkowski metric. The parameters bar h and slash h are invariant only under $SO(3)$ transformations, and thus they are not diffeomorphism invariant. As a result they have nonzero dimensions -- the dimension of time for bar h and dimension of length for slash h. Then according to the Weinberg criterion these parameters are not fundamental, and may vary. They also change sign at the topological domain walls resulting from the symmetry breaking.
description: 18 pages, no figures, this is further extension of the papers arXiv:2209.15426 and arXiv:2302.08894
Female discharges are more electrifying: spontaneous preference in the electric fish, Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei)
Creators: name: Kramer, Bernd
name: Otto, Brunhilde
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: The tropical South American teleost Eigenmannia lineata showed a spontaneous preference for the female type, compared with the male type, of its sexually dimorphic, weak-electric organ discharge (EOD). Female and male EODs differ in waveform and harmonic content. An isolated fish was simultaneously stimulated with digitally synthesized "natural" male and female EODs of equal peak-to-peak amplitudes, at _+35 Hz frequency difference centered on its stable resting discharge frequency. The stimulus dipoles were arranged symmetrically to the right and left of the fish's hiding place. All stimulus conditions were permuted at random sequence. Among 11 fish tested, 8 showed a statistically significant preference for one stimulus, the female type, as measured by the amount of time a fish spent close to a stimulus dipole (P< 0.05 in each fish, two-tailed). Thus female EODs rather than male EODs were more attractive to adult and juvenile fish of both sexes. It was also concluded that E. lineata is capable of discriminating female from male EODs by a complex sensory capacity requiring neither amplitude nor frequency cues. The EOD waveform changed very little within the ecological range of water conductivities (approximately 10-100 gS.cm 1); the P/N-ratio (a waveform character based on zerocrossing intervals) depended only weakly, but significantly, on conductivity (negative correlation in all four fish). Also, the effect of temperature on EOD waveform was very weak: Q~o-values of the P/N-ratio were below but close to I in all fish (27_+5 ~ C). Thus, it can be concluded that the EOD waveform is remarkably stable within widely changing conditions - even beyond the variation found in the field - and is therefore potentially useful as a social cue.
Rapid genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9-POLD3 fusion
Creators: name: Reint, Ganna
name: Li, Zhuokun
name: Labun, Kornel
name: Keskitalo, Salla
name: Soppa, Inkeri
name: Mamia, Katariina
name: Tolo, Eero
name: Szymanska, Monika
name: Meza-Zepeda, Leonardo A
name: Lorenz, Susanne
name: Cieslar-Pobuda, Artur
name: Hu, Xian
name: Bordin, Diana L
name: Staerk, Judith
name: Valen, Eivind
name: Schmierer, Bernhard
name: Varjosalo, Markku
name: Taipale, Jussi
name: Haapaniemi, Emma
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Cell Biology
CRISPR-Cas9
gene editing
molecular biology
Other

description: Funder: Barncancerfonden; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006313
description: Funder: Norwegian Research Council; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005416
description: Funder: Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004063
description: Funder: Cancerfonden; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002794
description: Funder: Instrumentariumin Tiedesäätiö; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008413
description: Funder: Science for Life Laboratory; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009252
description: Funder: Academy of Finland; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
description: Precision CRISPR gene editing relies on the cellular homology-directed DNA repair (HDR) to introduce custom DNA sequences to target sites. The HDR editing efficiency varies between cell types and genomic sites, and the sources of this variation are incompletely understood. Here, we have studied the effect of 450 DNA repair protein-Cas9 fusions on CRISPR genome editing outcomes. We find the majority of fusions to improve precision genome editing only modestly in a locus- and cell-type specific manner. We identify Cas9-POLD3 fusion that enhances editing by speeding up the initiation of DNA repair. We conclude that while DNA repair protein fusions to Cas9 can improve HDR CRISPR editing, most need to be optimized to the cell type and genomic site, highlighting the diversity of factors contributing to locus-specific genome editing outcomes.
Effects of 3 MeV Proton Irradiation on Superconductivity and CDW in 2H-NbSe2 Single Crystals
Creators: name: Li, Wenjie
name: Pyon, Sunseng
name: Yagi, Akiyoshi
name: Ren, Tong
name: Suyama, Masahiro
name: Wang, Jiachen
name: Matsumae, Takumi
name: Kobayashi, Yuto
name: Takahashi, Ayumu
name: Miyawaki, Daisuke
name: Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interplay between superconductivity and charge-density wave (CDW) in 2H-NbSe2 single crystals irradiated by 3 MeV protons is studied. Both Tc and TCDW are found to decrease monotonically with the increase in irradiation dose. This behavior is different from electron-irradiated NbSe2, where TCDW is suppressed monotonically with the increase in dose, while Tc shows an initial enhancement before it starts to decrease. We attempt to explain this difference based on the negative pressure effect which has been reported in our previous study on NbSe2 irradiated by heavy ions.
Associations of genetic variants in the estrogen receptor coactivators PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B and EP300 with familial breast cancer
Creators: name: Wirtenberger, Michael
name: Tchatchou, Sandrine
name: Hemminki, Kari
name: Schmutzhard, Julia
name: Sutter, Christian
name: Schmutzler, Rita K.
name: Meindl, Alfons
name: Wappenschmidt, Barbara
name: Kiechle, Marion
name: Arnold, Norbert
name: Weber, Bernhard H. F.
name: Niederacher, Dieter
name: Bartram, Claus R.
name: Burwinkel, Barbara
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The mitogen effect of the ovarian steroid estrogen is a strong risk factor for breast cancer development. This effect is mainly mediated by the estrogen receptor alpha, a hormone inducible transcription factor, which activates gene expression through recruiting multiple coactivators, such as PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B and EP300. We tested the hypothesis that non-conservative, putative functional amino acid exchanges in PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B and EP300 act as low-penetrance familial breast cancer risk factors. The analysis of 816 BRCA1/2 mutation-negative familial breast cancer patients and 1012 controls revealed an association of the PPARGC1A Thr612Met polymorphism with familial breast cancer (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.00-1.81, P = 0.049), high-risk familial breast cancer (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.12, P = 0.017) and bilateral familial breast cancer (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.24-4.28, P = 0.009). Logistic regression analyses of the PPARGC1B Ala203Pro variant showed an increased familial breast cancer risk of heterozygous and homozygous variant allele carriers (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.15-1.91, P = 0.002). The genotype-combination analysis of the associated PPARGC1A Thr612Met variant and the associated PPARGC1B Ala203Pro variant suggests an allele dose-dependent breast cancer risk (P(trend) = 0.0004). Our results indicate for the first time the importance of inherited variants in the estrogen receptor coactivator genes PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B for familial breast cancer susceptibility. Owing to their impact on estrogen signaling, these polymorphisms might also influence adjuvant anti-estrogen therapy, using agents such as tamoxifen and raloxifen, and outcome of breast cancer patients.
Comparison of two different anaerobic feeding strategies on the treatment of municipal primary effluent using aerobic granular biomass
Creators: name: Yu, Marcus
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Aerobic granular biomass (AGB) in full-scale operations utilizes a plug-flow feeding configuration, but there has been minimal research conducted with alternative feeding configurations. An AGB study, comparing a plug-flow feeding reactor, to a completely mixed feeding reactor was suggested because converting a continuous flow system with a complete-mix anaerobic tank for an AGB system would be much easier to accommodate in a retrofit than an anaerobic cell with an upflow, plug-flow design. The primary objective of this study was to monitor the influence that completely mixed feeding has on the rate of granulation and granular stability relative to a plug-flow configuration in systems treating municipal primary effluent. A secondary objective was related to nutrient removal performance and understanding the impact that completely mixed feeding has on granulation. The plug-flow system (Reactor 1) achieved granulation on Day 185 after start up and the completely mixed system (Reactor 2) achieved granulation on Day 202. Both systems exhibited dense granular particles. However, there were distinct differences in the granular stability and morphology of the two systems. Reactor 1 had increased granular stability and maintained granular biomass from Day 185 to Day 241. The granules in Reactor 1 were larger and denser than Reactor 2. The explanation for this difference was attributed to steep substrate gradients seen in plug-flow feeding. There was a dilution of the influent feed during the completely mixed feeding in Reactor 2, which reduced the penetration of the substrate to the depths of the granules. The dilution forced Reactor 2 to lose granulation on Day 232. Although granulation was achieved in both systems, the plug-flow regime provided superior overall granulation performance. Throughout the experiment, both reactors achieved comparable nutrient removal efficiencies with respect to carbon nitrogen, and phosphorus. Both reactors lacked significant nitrification rates and Reactor 1 experienced difficulties with short-circuiting during the feeding period throughout the study. Cycle timing and apparatus modifications were implemented to counteract these issues. There was evidence that both systems were able to establish feast-famine regimes and cultivate polyphosphate accumulation organisms (PAOs), but genomic sequencing must be conducted on the biomass to confirm this finding.
Hamilton-Poisson formulation for the rotational motion of a rigid body in the presence of an axisymmetric force field and a gyroscopic torque
Creators: name: Birtea, Petre
name: Casu, Ioan
name: Comanescu, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give sufficient conditions for the rigid body in the presence of an axisymmetric force field and a gyroscopic torque to admit a Hamilton-Poisson formulation. Even if by adding a gyroscopic torque we initially lose one of the conserved Casimirs, we recover another conservation law as a Casimir function for a modified Poisson structure. We apply this frame to several well known results in the literature.
description: 9 pages
Adjuvant modeling Supp Tables.docx
Creators: name: Leiter, Amanda
name: Kong, Chung Yin
name: Gould, Michael K.
name: Kale, Minal S.
name: Veluswamy, Rajwanth R.
name: Smith, Cardinale B.
name: Mhango, Grace
name: Huang, Brian Z.
name: Wisnivesky, Juan P.
name: Sigel, Keith
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111204 Cancer Therapy (excl. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Tables for a manuscript titled "Benefits and harms of adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with major comorbidities: A simulation study"
Probing extra dimensions through cosmological observations of dark energy
Creators: name: Jalalzadeh, R.
name: Jalalzadeh, S.
name: Malekolkalami, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the isometrically embedded Bianchi type-V cosmology braneworld model in a $D$-dimensional bulk space. The model provides a fluid of geometric dark energy (GDE) and unification of fundamental forces similar to the Kaluza--Klein (KK) theory. The Planck energy density, the fine structure constant, the muon mass, and the number of extra dimensions are all factors that determine the density of the induced GDE. The model also predicts that graviton has mass, which is determined by the induced cosmological constant (CC). Our results are compatible with observations of the standard model of cosmology if the Universe has 22 non-compact extra dimensions. Our model provides an alternative method for probing extra dimensions.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Physics of the Dark Univers
Option-Driven Design: Context, Tradeoffs, and Considerations for Accessibility
Creators: name: Elavsky, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Option-Driven Design, users must interact with options and settings for systems to adapt to their needs. This approach places the burden on both the user and the system to make the interaction between user and system fit. The user must know and find which options they need and then adjust them. In addition, the system must be capable of robust change, similar to system change in ability-based design. In this micro-paper I outline the context for option-driven design, followed by several design negotiations, tradeoffs, and suggestions worth considering with this approach.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 page of references
High-throughput screening of 2D materials identifies p-type monolayer WS$_2$ as potential ultra-high mobility semiconductor
Creators: name: Ha, Viet-Anh
name: Giustino, Feliciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 2D semiconductors offer a promising pathway to replace silicon in next-generation electronics. Among their many advantages, 2D materials possess atomically-sharp surfaces and enable scaling the channel thickness down to the monolayer limit. However, these materials exhibit comparatively lower charge carrier mobility and higher contact resistance than 3D semiconductors, making it challenging to realize high-performance devices at scale. In this work, we search for high-mobility 2D materials by combining a high-throughput screening strategy with state-of-the-art calculations based on the ab initio Boltzmann transport equation. Our analysis singles out a known transition metal dichalcogenide, monolayer WS$_2$, as the most promising 2D semiconductor, with the potential to reach ultra-high room-temperature hole mobilities in excess of 1300 cm$^2$/Vs should Ohmic contacts and low defect densities be achieved. Our work also highlights the importance of performing full-blown ab initio transport calculations to achieve predictive accuracy, including spin-orbital couplings, quasiparticle corrections, dipole and quadrupole long-range electron-phonon interactions, as well as scattering by point defects and extended defects.
Flavonoid wing pigments increase attractiveness of female common blue (Polyommatus icarus) butterflies to mate-searching males
Creators: name: Burghardt, Frank
name: Knüttel, Helge
name: Becker, Mechthild
name: Fiedler, Konrad
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Common blue butterflies (Polyommatus icarus) sequester flavonoids from their larval host plants and allocate these UV-absorbing pigments to the wings. In field experiments using dummies constructed from female butterflies, mate-searching males inspected flavonoid-rich dummies more intensively than those with little or no flavonoids. Flavonoid content as signalled by UV-wing pattern may indicate ontogenetically determined female quality or enhance detectability to males.
A importância e os passos para implantação de uma Escola do Legislativo de âmbito municipal
Creators: name: Luiz Alberto Blanchet
name: Freitas, Daniel Paulo Paiva
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 180103 Administrative Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: A Emenda Constitucional 19/1998 trouxe para o País uma importante reforma administrativa, modernizando a administração pública e buscando reduzir os prejuízos decorrentes da excessiva carga burocrática. O princípio da eficiência foi erigido como um dos pontos cardeais desse período e trouxe ao funcionalismo público uma meta a ser atingida na prestação dos serviços de competência do Estado. Nesse contexto, foi prevista constitucionalmente a criação de escolas de aperfeiçoamento, ambientes promotores do conhecimento e disseminadores das melhores práticas no campo da administração pública. A finalidade é sempre a melhor e mais ampla prestação de serviços públicos, objetivo que deve estar na pauta de todas as instituições e de todos os órgãos administrativos. Mesmo após tanto tempo, alguns municípios hesitam na criação desse ambiente disseminador do conhecimento. A análise serve para demonstrar a realidade que permeia o Brasil, e também pode prestar-se a um estímulo à modernização, à promoção do aprendizado, à inovação e ao conhecimento no âmbito da administração pública.
Curved plasma channels: Kerr lens and Airy prism
Creators: name: Kasparian, Jérôme
name: Wolf, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically calculate the transverse energy fluxes that would be respectively induced in high-power Airy beams by the Kerr self-focusing and the Airy profile itself if they were the only active process. In experimental condition representative of laser filamentation experiments of high-power ultrashort laser pulses in air and condensed media, the Kerr lens induces transverse energy fluxes much larger than the Airy "prism" at the main peak. As a consequence, the curved plasma channels in Airy beams are not only a plasma spark on a curved focus, but indeed self-guided filaments, and their curved trajectory appears as a perturbation due to the linear Airy propagation regime.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures (6 panels)
Melanoma inhibitory protein (MIA1)
Creators: name: Bosserhoff, Anja
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: MIA, also referred to as cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP), is mainly expressed in cartilaginous tissues, initiated with the advent of chondrogenesis, and is abundant throughout development of the cartilagenous skeletal system. Currently, the function of MIA in cartilage tissue is not well understood. A recent study revealed that MIA acts as a chemotactic factor for mesenchymal stem cells, and can influence the action of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor β3 (TGF- β3) during mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, supporting the chondrogenic phenotype while inhibiting osteogenic differentiation. MIA also specifically inhibits the attachment of melanoma cells to fibronectin and laminin, thereby masking the binding site of integrins to these extracellular matrix (ECM) components and promoting invasion and metastasis in vivo. Melanoma cells transfected with sense- and antisense MIA cDNA were analyzed in vivo in mice and hamster melanoma models for changes in their tumorigenic and metastatic potential. Enforced expression of MIA significantly increased their metastatic potential compared to control or antisense transfected cells, but it did not affect the growth rate of the primary tumor, cell proliferation or apoptosis. In addition, MIA overexpressing transfectants showed a higher rate of both tumor cell invasion and extravasation. The changes in metastatic behavior in correlation with the expression level of MIA provide evidence that upregulation of MIA during malignant transformation of melanocytic cells is causally involved in acquisition of the malignant cancer cell phenotype. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that MIA enables melanoma cells to detach from some of their ECM contacts. Secretion of MIA seems to mediate an "active detachment" mechanism through which neoplastic melanocytes specifically change their attachment to components of the ECM and basement membranes to enhance their metastatic capability.
 Alternative names for this molecule: cartilage derived retinoic acid sensitive protein; CD-RAP; Cdrap; melanoma inhibatory activity; melanoma inhibitory activity 1; melanoma-inhibitory-activity; MIA; Mia1
Trajectories of astroparticles in pseudo-Finsler spacetime with the most general modified dispersion
Creators: name: Zhu, Jie
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finsler geometry is a natural and fundamental generalization of Riemann geometry, and is a tool to research Lorentz invariance violation. We find the connection between the most general modified dispersion relation and a pseudo-Finsler structure, and then we calculate the arrival time delay of astroparticles with different modified dispersion relations in the framework of Finsler geometry. The result suggests that the time delay is irrelevant with the exact form of the modified dispersion relation. If the modified term becomes 0 when $E=p$, there is no arrival time difference, otherwise the time delays only depend on the Lorentz violation scale and the order at which the Lorentz invariance breaks.
description: 9 pages, no figure, version for journal publication. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2206.07616
A Search for Water Masers in the Saturnian System
Creators: name: Takahashi, Shigeru
name: Deguchi, Shuji
name: Kuno, Nario
name: Shimoikura, Tomomi
name: Yoshida, Fumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We searched for H2O 6(1,6)-5(2,3) maser emission at 22.235 GHz from several Saturnian satellites with the Nobeyama 45m radio telescope in May 2009. Observations were made for Titan, Hyperion, Enceladus and Atlas, for which Pogrebenko et al. (2009) had reported detections of water masers at 22.235 GHz, and in addition for Iapetus and other inner satellites. We detected no emission of the water maser line for all the satellites observed, although sensitivities of our observations were comparable or even better than those of Pogrebenko et al.. We infer that the water maser emission from the Saturnian system is extremely weak, or sporadic in nature. Monitoring over a long period and obtaining statistical results must be made for the further understanding of the water maser emission in the Saturnian system.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ (Letter)
MS28 Assessment of Existing Platforms
Creators: name: Bishop, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: SSHOC
Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud
European Open Science Cloud
EOSC

description: This Milestone assesses selected, currently operational systems delivering Remote Desktop Access to sensitive data for social sciences and humanities. Prior to selection, criteria were established in three domains: technical, legal, and organizational/administrative. A significant consistency was found across the systems, and this is grounds for cautious optimism that “scaling up” from these systems may be possible. However, several factors contribute to the need to accommodate a solution with substantial flexibility. Recommendations will be provided in SSHOC D5.10 White Paper on Remote Access to Sensitive Data in the Social Sciences and Humanities: 2021 and beyond.
Constraints on Magnetic Braking from the G8 Dwarf Stars 61 UMa and $τ$ Cet
Creators: name: Metcalfe, Travis S.
name: Strassmeier, Klaus G.
name: Ilyin, Ilya V.
name: van Saders, Jennifer L.
name: Ayres, Thomas R.
name: Finley, Adam J.
name: Kochukhov, Oleg
name: Petit, Pascal
name: See, Victor
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Jeffers, Sandra V.
name: Marsden, Stephen C.
name: Morin, Julien
name: Vidotto, Aline A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the first half of their main-sequence lifetimes, stars rapidly lose angular momentum to their magnetized winds, a process known as magnetic braking. Recent observations suggest a substantial decrease in the magnetic braking efficiency when stars reach a critical value of the Rossby number, the stellar rotation period normalized by the convective overturn timescale. Cooler stars have deeper convection zones with longer overturn times, reaching this critical Rossby number at slower rotation rates. The nature and timing of the transition to weakened magnetic braking has previously been constrained by several solar analogs and two slightly hotter stars. In this Letter, we derive the first direct constraints from stars cooler than the Sun. We present new spectropolarimetry of the old G8 dwarf $τ$ Cet from the Large Binocular Telescope, and we reanalyze a published Zeeman Doppler image of the younger G8 star 61 UMa, yielding the large-scale magnetic field strengths and morphologies. We estimate mass-loss rates using archival X-ray observations and inferences from Ly$α$ measurements, and we adopt other stellar properties from asteroseismology and spectral energy distribution fitting. The resulting calculations of the wind braking torque demonstrate that the rate of angular momentum loss drops by a factor of 300 between the ages of these two stars (1.4-9 Gyr), well above theoretical expectations. We summarize the available data to help constrain the value of the critical Rossby number, and we identify a new signature of the long-period detection edge in recent measurements from the Kepler mission.
description: ApJ Letters (accepted), 6 pages including 3 figures and 1 table. Python code is available at https://github.com/travismetcalfe/FinleyMatt2018
Ghosts of the Somme: Commemoration and Culture War in Northern Ireland
Creators: name: Evershed, Jonathan
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: Once assumed to be a driver or even cause of conflict, commemoration during Ireland's Decade of Centenaries came to occupy a central place in peacebuilding efforts. The inclusive and cross-communal reorientation of commemoration, particularly of the First World War, has been widely heralded as signifying new forms of reconciliation and a greater 'maturity' in relationships between Ireland and the UK and between Unionists and Nationalists in Northern Ireland. In this study, Jonathan Evershed interrogates the particular and implicitly political claims about the nature of history, memory, and commemoration that define and sustain these assertions, and explores some of the hidden and countervailing transcripts that underwrite and disrupt them. \u000a\u000aDrawing on two years of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Belfast, Evershed explores Ulster Loyalist commemoration of the Battle of the Somme, its conflicted politics, and its confrontation with official commemorative discourse and practice during the Decade of Centenaries. He investigates how and why the myriad social, political, cultural, and economic changes that have defined postconflict Northern Ireland have been experienced by Loyalists as a culture war, and how commemoration is the means by which they confront and challenge the perceived erosion of their identity. He reveals the ways in which this brings Loyalists into conflict not only with the politics of Irish Nationalism, but with the 'peacebuilding' state and, crucially, with each other. He demonstrates how commemoration works to reproduce the intracommunal conflicts that it claims to have overcome and interrogates its nuanced (and perhaps counterintuitive) function in conflict transformation.
Incorporating Experts' Judgment into Machine Learning Models
Creators: name: Park, Hogun
name: Megahed, Aly
name: Yin, Peifeng
name: Ong, Yuya
name: Mahajan, Pravar
name: Guo, Pei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) models have been quite successful in predicting outcomes in many applications. However, in some cases, domain experts might have a judgment about the expected outcome that might conflict with the prediction of ML models. One main reason for this is that the training data might not be totally representative of the population. In this paper, we present a novel framework that aims at leveraging experts' judgment to mitigate the conflict. The underlying idea behind our framework is that we first determine, using a generative adversarial network, the degree of representation of an unlabeled data point in the training data. Then, based on such degree, we correct the \textcolor{black}{machine learning} model's prediction by incorporating the experts' judgment into it, where the higher that aforementioned degree of representation, the less the weight we put on the expert intuition that we add to our corrected output, and vice-versa. We perform multiple numerical experiments on synthetic data as well as two real-world case studies (one from the IT services industry and the other from the financial industry). All results show the effectiveness of our framework; it yields much higher closeness to the experts' judgment with minimal sacrifice in the prediction accuracy, when compared to multiple baseline methods. We also develop a new evaluation metric that combines prediction accuracy with the closeness to experts' judgment. Our framework yields statistically significant results when evaluated on that metric.
description: Accepted to Expert Systems with Applications Journal, 2023
Hausdorff measure on o-minimal structures
Creators: name: Fornasiero, Antongiulio
name: Rifo, Elisa Vasquez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 03C64, Secondary: 28A75

description: We introduce the Hausdorff measure for definable sets in an o-minimal structure, and prove the Cauchy-Crofton and co-area formulae for the o-minimal Hausdorff measure. We also prove that every definable set can be partitioned into "basic rectifiable sets", and that the Whitney arc property holds for basic rectifiable sets.
description: 22 pages
Der Halo-Effekt im Fußball
Creators: name: Nufer, Gerd
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Marketing , Sport
subject: 330
subject: Sportmanagement
subject: Sportmarketing
subject: Sport Marketing
subject: Sport Management

description: Der Halo-Effekt ist eine aus der Sozialpsychologie bekannte kognitive Verzerrung. Er tritt dann auf, wenn ein globaler Eindruck oder eine Information über ein hervorstechendes Merkmal die Beurteilung anderer Eigenschaften prägt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll der Frage nachgegangen werden: Gibt es einen Halo-Effekt im Fußball? Überstrahlt der sportliche Erfolg bzw. Misserfolg eines Vereins andere sportliche Aspekte? Verzerrt der sportliche Erfolg bzw. Misserfolg die Wahrnehmung der Fans hin-sichtlich nicht-sportlicher Aspekte?
Medical decision-making of the patient in the context of the family: results of a survey
Creators: name: Schäfer, Christof
name: Putnik, Kurt
name: Dietl, Barbara
name: Leiberich, Peter
name: Loew, Thomas H.
name: Kölbl, Oliver
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Family; Clinical ethics; Radio-oncology; Autonomy; Medical decision-making; Values; End of life decisions
subject: 610 Medizin

description: GOALS OF THE STUDY: From the perspective of patient autonomy, the family is often looked upon as a troublemaker in medical decision-making. The question remains open as to whether it is possible to do justice to the autonomy of the individual patient and to the claims of his family at the same time. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A clinical study was undertaken when both patients and dependents were interviewed. One hundred people (50 pairs) participated in this study and could be analyzed. A questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used and was evaluated to see if and how the attitudes concerning medical decision-making differ between patient and dependent. RESULTS: The majority of the interviewees (89%) agreed with the opinion that medical decisions should be made jointly by the patient, the family, and the doctor. Ninety-three percent approved of the claim to inform not only the patient, but also the family. Seventy percent of the patients and 54% of the dependents think that the family is entitled to have a say in matters concerning medical decision-making, only 30% of the patients, but 42% of the dependents argued against this view. Eighty-four percent of the patients argued against a change in this right at the end of life, which was approved by 32% of the family members. CONCLUSIONS: The family plays a central role in medical decision-making. This could be shown by a survey among patients with malignant diseases and their dependents. These initial findings must be verified in a larger population. The increased inclusion of the family in the process of medical decision-making corresponds in general to the expressed will of the patients. The model of shared decision-making is favored by values which both the family and the patient have in common. Thus, a family-based decision-making theory needs to be formulated in the future.
Congenital cataract and macular hypoplasia in humans associated with a de novo mutation in CRYAA and compound heterozygous mutations in P
Creators: name: Graw, Jochen
name: Klopp, Norman
name: Illig, Thomas
name: Preising, Markus N.
name: Lorenz, Birgit
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Cataract; P; CRYAA; Mutation; Human; Macular; Hypoplasia
subject: 610 Medizin

description: BACKGROUND: An isolated form of congenital cataract associated with macular hypoplasia and a generally hypopigmented fundus in infancy was observed in a German family. To test the hypothesis that a de-novo mutation had occurred in one of the parental germ lines, a functional candidate gene approach was applied. METHODS: The family was carefully examined by a senior paediatric ophthalmologist according to routine procedures (slit lamp, funduscopy, ERG). Blood was taken from the proband and his parents, genomic DNA was isolated and some candidate genes for cataract (CRYAA, CRYBB2, GJA8) or macular hypoplasia (OA1, P) or both (PAX6) were analyzed. RESULTS: The proband showed bilateral cataracts at the age of 4 months; the fundus appeared pale, the optic disc grayish, and macular reflexes were absent. After cataract surgery, the nystagmus persisted, and a control ERG at age 9 years showed essentially normal scotopic and photopic wave forms. An infectious aetiology as well as galactosemia were excluded. However, a heterozygous mutation was found in the proband in exon 1 of CRYAA (62 C-->T), which leads to an exchange from Arg to Leu at amino acid position 21 (R21L). This sequence alteration was not found in the parents and in 96 randomly selected DNA samples from ophthalmologically normal individuals of the KORA S4 study population. In addition, two heterozygous mutations in P were identified (R419Q and A481T); one of both was present in each of the unaffected parents. CONCLUSION: Based upon the unique finding of the mutation and the expression of CRYAA in the lens, this R21L mutation in the CRYAA is considered to be causative for the dominant cataract phenotype. Moreover, the macular hypoplasia has to be considered a concerted interaction with compound heterozygous mutations in the P gene manifesting a mild form of oculocutaneous albinism. Nevertheless, this combination is rare and future studies will focus on identifying similar phenotypes.
Revealing the two-dimensional electronic structure and anisotropic superconductivity in a natural van der Waals superlattice (PbSe)$_{1.14}$NbSe$_2$
Creators: name: Zhong, Haoyuan
name: Zhang, Hongyun
name: Zhang, Haoxiong
name: Bao, Ting
name: Zhang, Kenan
name: Xu, Shengnan
name: Luo, Laipeng
name: Rousuli, Awabaikeli
name: Yao, Wei
name: Denlinger, Jonathan D.
name: Huang, Yaobo
name: Wu, Yang
name: Xu, Yong
name: Duan, Wenhui
name: Zhou, Shuyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals superlattices are important for tailoring the electronic structures and properties of layered materials. Here we report the superconducting properties and electronic structure of a natural van der Waals superlattice (PbSe)$_{1.14}$NbSe$_2$. Anisotropic superconductivity with a transition temperature $T_c$ = 5.6 $\pm$ 0.1 K, which is higher than monolayer NbSe$_2$, is revealed by transport measurements on high-quality samples. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements reveal the two-dimensional electronic structure and a charge transfer of 0.43 electrons per NbSe$_2$ unit cell from the blocking PbSe layer. In addition, polarization-dependent ARPES measurements reveal a significant circular dichroism with opposite contrast at K and K' valleys, suggesting a significant spin-orbital coupling and distinct orbital angular momentum. Our work suggests natural van der Waals superlattice as an effective pathway for achieving intriguing properties distinct from both the bulk and monolayer samples.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Formal vs self-organised knowledge systems: a network approach
Creators: name: Masucci, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we consider the topological analysis of symbolic formal systems in the framework of network theory. In particular we analyse the network extracted by Principia Mathematica of B. Russell and A.N. Whitehead, where the vertices are the statements and two statements are connected with a directed link if one statement is used to demonstrate the other one. We compare the obtained network with other directed acyclic graphs, such as a scientific citation network and a stochastic model. We also introduce a novel topological ordering for directed acyclic graphs and we discuss its properties in respect to the classical one. The main result is the observation that formal systems of knowledge topologically behave similarly to self-organised systems.
description: research paper
The biology and clinical significance of the microenvironment of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma
Creators: name: Johnston, Rebecca Lea
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2021

description: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly curable malignancy of the pediatric population with 5-year overall survival > 96%. However, dose-intensified chemotherapy regimens in combination with radiation therapy come at a high cost in the form of long-term toxicity and morbidity. Current clinical trials aim to achieve the optimal equilibrium between high survival rates and limiting treatment-related toxicity. However, risk stratification in pediatric HL is limited to the use of clinical factors, as no robust molecular-based biomarkers for treatment outcome exist. The aim of our study was to develop an expression-based prognostic model to tailor first-line therapy in pediatric HL, and to explore biological differences between pediatric and adult HL. We obtained a training cohort of 175 patients with pre-treatment formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) biopsies from the Children’s Oncology Group clinical trial AHOD0031, and determined expression levels of 784 genes using NanoString technology. A model for event free survival (EFS) separating patients into low- and high-risk groups was generated using Cox regression, and subsequently applied to an independent validation cohort of 71 patients enriched for events from the same trial. We developed a 9-cellular component model based on tumour microenvironment signatures to predict EFS in pediatric HL patients. Application of the model to the validation cohort identified a significant difference in 5-year EFS between high- and low-risk groups (75.7% vs. 90.5%, respectively; weighted log-rank p-value = 0.0138). Additionally, we utilized gene expression profiles of 290 pre-treatment FFPET biopsies from adult HL patients enrolled in the E2496 Intergroup trial to perform differential expression analysis and Spearman correlation between age groups. We discovered that unique microenvironment signatures are associated with age. Specifically, we revealed that eosinophil, B-cell, and mast cell signatures are more abundant in younger patients, and macrophage and stroma cell signatures are more pronounced in older patients. An expression-based prognostic model of EFS is a clinically relevant tool for pediatric HL patients allowing refinement of risk stratification at diagnosis. To investigate the utility of the 9-cellular component EFS model, future studies should incorporate the model into clinical trial designs.