cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Role of Banks' Deposit Mobilization and Credit Financing on Capital Formation in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Lemma, Muluneh
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Capital formation or real investment is an essential component for economic development and growth. Capital formation may take place for many reasons. In any of the cases, capital formation or real investment can only be realized if adequate funds are available. To finance investment required for economic growth and capital formation, the economy needs to generate sufficient savings. This requires an institutional arrangement that encourages savings, which will result into productive investment. Bank play vital role in the economic development of a country by promoting capital formation through rising of the financial resources. These savings are made available to the businessman; make use of them for productive purposes in the country. Therefore, banks' participation in the financial sector of developing nations raises many questions which remain unanswered. Key among them is the issue of how effective they have been in mobilizing domestic savings and in channeling the savings to enhance capital formation through the distribution of credit. Thus, this research paper investigated the role of bank deposit mobilization and credit financing in Capita Formation of banking industry in Ethiopia. The study was undertaken based on an ordinary least square (OLS) model by employing annual time series data of 21 years for the period of 1994 t0 2014. The study used Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) as dependent variable, representing bank credit (BC), bank deposit (BD), bank investment (BI) as independent variables, and national saving (NS) and real interest rate (RIR) as control variables . The findings of analysis showed that bank deposit, bank credit and national saving has a great role on capital formation in Ethiopia since the coefficients of the variables are statistically significant. However; bank investment and real interest rate become insignificant effect on capital formation in Ethiopia, since the coefficients of the variables are turned out to be statistically insignificant. Therefore; Needless to mention, Ethiopia needs to continuously build a strong cooperation between banks and all concerned government bodies in order to take the major role to sustain the saving culture through financial literacy, should design and implement credit policy that promotes capital formation in the economy in order to finance medium and long term projects, and also enhance banks to contribute significant role on security portfolio investment in a country that leads to capital formation which is an essential component for economic development and growth. Key Words: Capital formation, banking industry in Ethiopia, Bank Deposit, Bank Credit
Value Added tax Revenue Performance and Administration Problems In Case of ERCA in Gondar
Creators: name: Mesfin, Birhan
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: Every government needs dependable and sustainable domestic revenue so as to run its function. In North Gondar, where substantial proportion of government revenue has been collected from tax. However, in practice, VAT revenue performance in North Gondar was not geared with VAT theoretical feature. This is due to VAT administration problems particularly for key VAT administrative functions. Survey had been conducted to gather information about taxpayers and tax officials' attitude towards VAT administration problems in case of ERCA in Gondar branch. Self-administered semi- structured interviews and questionnaires were distributed for ten tax officials and fifty VAT registered taxpayers respectively. Further, secondary data was collected to measure the VAT revenue performance of the authority. The study tries to investigate and analyze VAT administration problems in case of ERCA in Gondar branch and it tries to assess VAT effectiveness in generating more government revenue (VAT revenue performance in the authority). For this study Surveying method through semi- structured questionnaire and semi- structure self administered questionnaire is used to investigate the research questions mentioned in chapter one. Besides, the study used percentages, mean and standard deviation statistical tools to strengthen and to make the study more systematic. In general, to analyze the data, statistical package for social science (SPSS) soft ware version 16 was employed. The result part presents response rate for tax official and taxpayers survey, VAT administration tasks on key administration function, strength of VAT administration, VAT rate and market competition. Finally, this section presented VAT revenue performance of the authority and identifies VAT administration problems. VAT is the major source of government revenue in most developing countries. Thus, VAT has a significant role in the revenue system of government of Ethiopia. To sustain its role for the generation of revenue, it is important to ensure that the revenue generated by VAT system should be efficient as possible. In the survey opinions were forwarded by the respondents. For instance, strengthening administration capacity by skilled manpower and the required materials to encourage honest traders by rewarding them and giving incentives and taxpayers should obey for the rules and should also cooperate with the authorities' operational activities
Supplementary document for End-to-end physics-informed deep neural network optimization of sub-Nyquist lenses - 6605632.pdf
Creators: name: Lindsay, Marshall
name: Kovaleski, Scott
name: Varner, Andy
name: Veal, Charlie
name: Anderson, Derek
name: Price, Stanton
name: price, Steven
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
title: Μετάβαση και Συνέχεια Παιδιών Πρώιμης Παιδικής Ηλικίας
title: Transition and Continuity in Early Childhood Education
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Σπανού, Πετρίνα
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Σχολική μετάβαση
Οικογένεια
Δάσκαλοι
Νηπιαγωγοί
Εσωτερική οπτική αντίληψη
Ημιδομημένη συνέντευξη
Παρέμβαση τάξης
Ποιοτική έρευνα

description: Η διαδικασία της μετάβασης και συγκεκριμένα η μετάβαση από την προσχολική αγωγή στην πρωτοσχολική εκπαίδευση είναι μία από τις πιο κρίσιμες περιόδους της παιδικής ηλικίας και συνιστά ένα ιδιαίτερο βίωμα για τα παιδιά της Α δημοτικού, τα οποία καλούνται να αναλάβουν το ρόλο του «μαθητή». Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να αποσαφηνιστεί η έννοια της μετάβασης και μέσα από την θεωρητική και ερευνητική προσέγγιση του θέματος αυτού, να μπορέσουν οι άμεσα εμπλεκόμενοι εκπαιδευτικοί να συνειδητοποιήσουν τη σημασία της συγκεκριμένης περιόδου ώστε να επιδιώκουν την ισορροπία μεταξύ μιας εξελισσόμενης συνέχειας και μιας καλά προγραμματισμένης ασυνέχειας μεταξύ των βαθμίδων. Η μεθοδολογία της εργασίας βασίζεται στη διεξαγωγή μιας ποιοτικής έρευνας, μίας έρευνας δράσης, η οποία αποτελείται από μία σειρά δραστηριοτήτων σε μία τάξη Α Δημοτικού και παράλληλα από δύο είδη ημιδομημέων συνεντεύξεων. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, γίνονται ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις, σε δασκάλους των πρώτων τάξεων του 8ου Δημοτικού Σχολείου Βύρωνα και σε νηπιαγωγούς από του 6ου και 7 ου Νηπιαγωγείου Βύρωνα, οι οποίες μελετώνται με επαγωγική θεματική ανάλυση. Επιπλέον, σε ένα τμήμα της Α΄ δημοτικού διεξάγεται μία παρέμβαση, με την οποία εξετάζεται πως βιώνεται η μετάβαση και από την πλευρά τον παιδιών. Τα δευτερογενή δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν από βιβλία και άρθρα σε περιοδικά, που αφορούν την εκπαίδευση και τα μέλη της, την ψυχοσυναισθηματική και κοινωνική συμπεριφορά των παιδιών. Παρόλο που οι νηπιαγωγοί φαίνεται να είναι πιο προετοιμασμένοι και ενημερωμένοι, οι δάσκαλοι επαναπαύονται στην ιδέα ότι η μετάβαση αφορά το παιδαγωγικό πλαίσιο του νηπιαγωγείου Συμπερασματικά, φαίνεται από την μελέτη το ενδιαφέρον όλων των παιδαγωγών να συνεργαστούν και να συμβάλλουν στη διαδικασία της μετάβασης μικρών παιδιών σε διαφορετικά εκπαιδευτικά περιβάλλοντα. Οι παιδαγωγοί αναζητούν προτάσεις με ιδέες που δεν είναι τυποποιημένες και παρωχημένες στο παιδαγωγικό έργο. Οι ιδέες παιδαγωγικών πρακτικών και δραστηριοτήτων για μία ομαλή μετάβαση των παιδιών με την αξιοποίηση μάλιστα των νέων τεχνολογιών αποτελούν τις σύγχρονες τάσεις στο έργο τους.
Die Elegiarum Monobiblos des Carlo Maria Pedicini (1769-1843) über die Sieben Schmerzen der seligen Jungfrau Maria
Creators: name: Homey, Helge Hanns
name: Pedicini, Carlo
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 870 Italic literatures Latin

description: Die hier vorgelegte Untersuchung befasst sich mit der De doloribus B.M.V. Elegiarum Monobiblos betitelten Dichtung des nachmaligen Kardinals Carlo Maria Pedicini (1769-1843). Das kleine, Pius VII. gewidmete, Werk erschien erstmals 1814 in Rom aus Anlass der Rückkehr des Papstes aus französischer Gefangenschaft. Der 1. Teil der Arbeit bietet den lateinischen Originaltext, dem eine möglichst wortgetreue deutsche Prosaübersetzung beigefügt ist. In ihrem 2. Teil wird aufgezeigt, welchen literarischen Einflüssen die Monobiblos unterliegt, wie ihr Verfasser in der Tradition Vorgefundenes aufgreift, verarbeitet und zu Eigenem formt.
Low-energy relation for the trace of the energy-momentum tensor in QCD and the gluon condensate in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Agasian, N. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A treatment is given of the nonperturbative QCD vacuum in a magnetic field. The low-energy equation for the trace of the energy-momentum tensor in a magnetic field is derived. It is shown that the derivatives with respect to a magnetic field of the quark and gluon contributions to the trace of the energy-momentum tensor are equal. The dependence of the gluon condensate on the magnetic field strength is derived both for strong and weak fields.
description: 8 pages
The most massive galaxies in clusters are already fully grown at $z \sim 0.5$
Creators: name: Oldham, L. J.
name: Houghton, R. C. W.
name: Davies, Roger L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By constructing scaling relations for galaxies in the massive cluster MACSJ0717.5 at $z=0.545$ and comparing with those of Coma, we model the luminosity evolution of the stellar populations and the structural evolution of the galaxies. We calculate magnitudes, surface brightnesses and effective radii using HST/ACS images and velocity dispersions using Gemini/GMOS spectra, and present a catalogue of our measurements for 17 galaxies. We also generate photometric catalogues for $\sim 3000$ galaxies from the HST imaging. With these, we construct the colour-magnitude relation, the fundamental plane, the mass-to-light versus mass relation, the mass-size relation and the mass-velocity dispersion relation for both clusters. We present a new, coherent way of modelling these scaling relations simultaneously using a simple physical model in order to infer the evolution in luminosity, size and velocity dispersion as a function of redshift, and show that the data can be fully accounted for with this model. We find that (a) the evolution in size and velocity dispersion undergone by these galaxies between $z \sim 0.5$ and $z \sim 0$ is mild, with $R_e(z) \sim (1+z)^{-0.40\pm0.32}$ and $σ(z) \sim (1+z)^{0.09 \pm 0.27}$, and (b) the stellar populations are old, $\sim 10$ Gyr, with a $\sim 3$ Gyr dispersion in age, and are consistent with evolving purely passively since $z \sim 0.5$ with $Δ\log M/L_B = -0.55_{-0.07}^{+0.15} z$. The implication is that these galaxies formed their stars early and subsequently grew dissipationlessly so as to have their mass already in place by $z \sim 0.5$, and suggests a dominant role for dry mergers, which may have accelerated the growth in these high-density cluster environments.
description: 20 pages; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Properties of the First-order Fermi acceleration in fast magnetic reconnection driven by turbulence in collisional MHD flows
Creators: name: del Valle, M. V.
name: Pino, E. M. de Gouveia Dal
name: Kowal, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast magnetic reconnection may occur in different astrophysical sources, producing flare-like emission and particle acceleration. Currently, this process is being studied as an efficient mechanism to accelerate particles via a first-order Fermi process. In this work we analyse the acceleration rate and the energy distribution of test particles injected in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) domains with large-scale current sheets where reconnection is made fast by the presence of turbulence. We study the dependence of the particle acceleration time with the relevant parameters of the embedded turbulence, i.e., the Alfvén speed $V_{\rm A}$, the injection power $P_{\rm inj}$ and scale $k_{\rm inj}$ ($k_{\rm inj} = 1/l_{\rm inj}$). We find that the acceleration time follows a power-law dependence with the particle kinetic energy: $t_{acc} \propto E^α$, with $0.2 < α< 0.6$ for a vast range of values of $c / V_{\rm A} \sim 20 - 1000$. The acceleration time decreases with the Alfvén speed (and therefore with the reconnection velocity) as expected, having an approximate dependence $t_{acc} \propto (V_{\rm A} / c)^{-κ}$, with $κ\sim 2.1- 2.4$ for particles reaching kinetic energies between $1 - 100 \, m_p c^2$, respectively. Furthermore, we find that the acceleration time is only weakly dependent on the $P_{\rm inj}$ and $l_{\rm inj}$ parameters of the turbulence. The particle spectrum develops a high-energy tail which can be fitted by a hard power-law already in the early times of the acceleration, in consistency with the results of kinetic studies of particle acceleration by magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Finite element analysis of elastomeric bearings
Creators: name: Boully, Geoffrey Keith.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Additional file 1 of A randomised controlled trial to assess the antithrombotic effects of aspirin in type 1 diabetes: role of dosing and glycaemic control
Creators: name: Parker, William A. E.
name: Sagar, Rebecca
name: Kurdee, Zeyad
name: Hawkins, Fladia
name: Naseem, Khalid M.
name: Grant, Peter J.
name: Storey, Robert F.
name: Ajjan, Ramzi A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Additional details of study design and further data analyses.
A Resolved Near-Infrared Image of The Inner Cavity in The GM Aur Transitional Disk
Creators: name: Oh, Daehyeon
name: Hashimoto, Jun
name: Carson, Joseph C.
name: Janson, Markus
name: Kwon, Jungmi
name: Nakagawa, Takao
name: Mayama, Satoshi
name: Uyama, Taichi
name: Yang, Yi
name: Kudo, Tomoyuki
name: Kusakabe, Nobuhiko
name: Abe, Lyu
name: Akiyama, Eiji
name: Brandner, Wolfgang
name: Brandt, Timothy D.
name: Currie, Thayne
name: Feldt, Markus
name: Goto, Miwa
name: Grady, Carol A.
name: Guyon, Olivier
name: Hayano, Yutaka
name: Hayashi, Masahiko
name: Hayashi, Saeko S.
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Hodapp, Klaus W.
name: Ishii, Miki
name: Iye, Masanori
name: Kandori, Ryo
name: Knapp, Gillian R.
name: Kuzuhara, Masayuki
name: Matsuo, Taro
name: Mcelwain, Michael W.
name: Miyama, Shoken
name: Morino, Jun-Ichi
name: Moro-Martin, Amaya
name: Nishimura, Tetsuo
name: Pyo, Tae-Soo
name: Serabyn, Eugene
name: Suenaga, Takuya
name: Suto, Hiroshi
name: Suzuki, Ryuji
name: Takahashi, Yasuhiro H.
name: Takato, Naruhisa
name: Terada, Hiroshi
name: Thalmann, Christian
name: Turner, Edwin L.
name: Watanabe, Makoto
name: Takami, Hideki
name: Usuda, Tomonori
name: Tamura, Motohide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-contrast H-band polarized intensity (PI) images of the transitional disk around the young solar-like star GM Aur. The near-infrared direct imaging of the disk was derived by polarimetric differential imaging using the Subaru 8.2-m Telescope and HiCIAO. An angular resolution and an inner working angle of 0."07 and r~0."05, respectively, were obtained. We clearly resolved a large inner cavity, with a measured radius of 18+/-2 au, which is smaller than that of a submillimeter interferometric image (28 au). This discrepancy in the cavity radii at near-infrared and submillimeter wavelengths may be caused by a 3-4M_Jup planet about 20 au away from the star, near the edge of the cavity. The presence of a near-infrared inner is a strong constraint on hypotheses for inner cavity formation in a transitional disk. A dust filtration mechanism has been proposed to explain the large cavity in the submillimeter image, but our results suggest that this mechanism must be combined with an additional process. We found that the PI slope of the outer disk is significantly different from the intensity slope obtained from HST/NICMOS, and this difference may indicate the grain growth process in the disk.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Study of EGFR Intracellular Signaling.pdf
Creators: name: Acosta-Rivero, Nelson
name: González-Bravo, Maritza
name: Pereira-Yañez, Karla
name: Matos-Terrero, Mariuska
name: Mendoza-Marí, Yssel
name: García-Ojalvo, Ariana
name: González-Pozos, Sirenia
name: Kourí-Flores, Juan
name: Ramírez, José Tapia
name: Garateix-Suárez, Rocío
name: González-Lavaut, Nirda E.
name: Rosales, Carmen M.
name: Berlanga-Acosta, Jorge
name: Falcón-Cama, Viviana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified

description: Immunoelectron microscopy has been shown to be a useful tool for quantifying distributions of relevant proteins across cellular compartments. This methodology has been recently applied to study the biological response of Heberprot-P in humans, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-based therapeutic product that enhances healing of chronic wounds in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) safely and efficaciously. Thus, we were able to investigate the differential EGF receptor (EGFR) distribution in various intracellular compartments of fibroblasts from the granulation tissue of DFU. In agreement with an EGFR functional failure in the diabetic granulation tissue, EGFR was scarcely detected in fibroblasts. Interestingly, EGF treatment of DFU induced an early activation of EGFR (from 15 min to 60 min) in the nucleus of DFU´ fibroblasts. Notably, augmented labeling of EGFR was observed in mitochondria of fibroblasts at later times following EGF therapy (from 6 hours to 24 hours). These findings suggest that while nuclear functions of EGFR prevailed at early times after EGF treatment, major mitochondrial functions of EGFR might also contribute to the therapeutic effect at later times following EGF infiltration. In general, this research demonstrated the value of applying quantitative immunogold labeling distributions of cellular compartments to the study of relevant therapeutic intracellular signaling pathways.
The early college high school : parents' perceptions and experiences
Creators: name: Castro, Joel Dean
name: 0009-0002-0341-1457
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Early college high school
Parents
Hispanic
College credit
Advanced academic program
Dual credit
Parent involvement

description: The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of Spanish-speaking parents who have children enrolled in an early college high school (ECHS). The role parents play in high school students’ lives is unique, and how they are involved from the point of their child’s initial enrollment throughout their high school matriculation is implicit in the purpose of the study. A corresponding benefit of this study was parents’ comparison of the ECHS as an educational option to the local comprehensive high school program, providing direction for program modifications based on parents’ perspectives. The study followed a qualitative research design with a focus group methodology. Participants were 17 Spanish-speaking parents divided into three focus groups. The setting was an ECHS in a large school district in southeast Texas. The study was guided by two research questions: 1. What are the perceptions and experiences of Spanish-speaking parents with children enrolled in an ECHS? 2. What are the perceptions and experiences of Spanish-speaking parents with respect to the comprehensive high school model? The study followed Bolman and Deal’s four-frame theoretical framework, which provided a salient way to consider the extant literature alongside the research questions. The framework also provided a lens to inform educational leadership practice and improve academic outcomes for students from underserved populations. Four themes emerged: academic programming, school culture and environment, family and peer influences, and barriers to quality education.
Auditor Responsibility and Fraud Detection: in Ethiopian Private Audit Firms
Creators: name: wudu, Adane
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: This study examines the roles and responsibilities of external auditors in fraud detection in Ethiopia including the factors that influence external auditors' responsibility and expert performance in detecting fraud. The study adopts a mixed methods research approach by combining data gathering instruments of research questions, in-depth interviews and document analysis. The questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and logistic regression analysis and data from interview and document reviews were interpreted qualitatively . The findings of the study show that, auditors are responsible for detection and uncovering fraud, and are legally liable for subsequently discovered misstatement in audited financial statements. Reporting intentions of an auditor to the concerned body depends upon the type of fraudulent act basically if it is investigative audit than financial statement audit. Fraud, in general, was not perceived to be a major problem in Ethiopian. Unwillingness to look for fraud because of fear of spoiling good relationship with clients, too much trust placed on the auditees, management and employees, auditor not giving enough emphasis to audit quality, management not having fraud policy; and, failure to focus on high-risk fraud areas . Fraudsters collusion, Absence of clear interpretation of tax law /proclamation, absence of well-organized professional body in Ethiopia are listed among the most important challenges of auditors fail to detect fraud. The study also finds that the five variables which are certification, practical experience, training, audit fee, and independence significantly influence the auditor's expert performance to fraud detection. The study suggests that Auditors need to "audit smarter which can be accomplished by the need for auditors to be more aware in context which the audit occurs and the fact that the nature and concentration of fraud varies by industry and auditors should be aware of the development of their profession
Additional file 1 of A qualitative process evaluation of a community conversation intervention to reduce stigma related to lower limb lymphoedema in Northern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Tora, Abebayehu
name: Kinfe, Mersha
name: Ali, Oumer
name: Mengiste, Asrat
name: Ahimed, Abdulkadir
name: Fekadu, Abebaw
name: Davey, Gail
name: Semrau, Maya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file1. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ): 32-item checklist
The characterisation of go-to-return crosstalk on long, high capacity, broadband coaxial cable communications links
Creators: name: Reynolds, Rodney Alfred John.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Cost Efficiency, Credit Risk-Taking and Capital Adequacy: an Empirical Study on Ethiopian Commercial Banks
Creators: name: Zeray, Heruy
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: The purpose of this study is twofold, first to investigate the cost efficiency level of Ethiopian commercial banks; and second, to analyze the relationship between cost efficiency, credit risk- taking and capital adequacy based on the notion of causality. Balanced panel data from samples of eight banks which have data for the period 2000 to 2014 have been used. The study applied Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) techniques provided by Battese and Coelli (1995) to investigate the banks" cost efficiency level and Granger causality techniques to analyze causal relationship among cost efficiency, credit risk-taking and capital adequacy. The findings of the study highlight that the average cost efficiency level of the studied commercial banks is 89 percent. At individual bank level, Ethiopian Commercial Bank (CBE) is the most cost efficient while Construction and Business Bank (CBB) is the least cost efficient. State ownership has negative impact on cost efficiency due to the averaging effect of the two studied state owned commercial banks. Bank size has positive impact on cost efficiency indicating that large banks on average tended to be more cost efficient than small banks. With regard to the causal relationship, the results of the Granger model show that negative and bidirectional causality exists between cost efficiency and credit risk-taking supporting both the "luck" and "bad management" hypotheses. The study also shows that improvement in cost efficiency Granger cause increase in capital adequacy level. Capital adequacy and credit risk-taking also have bidirectional causality supporting both "luck" and "moral hazard" hypothesis. Overall, the results of the Granger model indicate that the severity of one of the three variables may increase unless the other is carefully managed. Key words: Cost efficiency; Credit risk-taking; Capital adequacy; Granger causality; Stochastic Frontier Analysis; System GMM
Additional file 1 of Spatial distribution of insecticide resistant populations of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus and first detection of V410L mutation in Ae. aegypti from Cameroon
Creators: name: Montgomery, Matthew
name: Harwood, James F.
name: Yougang, Aurelie P.
name: Wilson-Bahun, Theodel A.
name: Tedjou, Armel N.
name: Keumeni, Christophe Rostand
name: Kilpatrick, Auston Marm
name: Wondji, Charles S.
name: Kamgang, Basile
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Logistic regression of Aedes aegypti mortality to insecticides across cities and habitat types. Suburban habitat, city of Douala, and Bendiocarb were reference levels.
Critical Assessment of Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX)
Creators: name: Girma, Bethlehem
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2009

description: The commodity exchange market is very important because it brings together producers and consumers. However, the currently markets except for coffee have been thin with poor liquidity and have not grown to any significant level. This has a direct impact on the competitiveness, efficiency and futurity of the exchange. Thus critical assessment of the exchanges practices and forwarding better way outs is necessary. The Ethiopian Commodity Exchange vision is to become an Exchange of choice in the world. And for competitive advantage in the international level and to provide efficient services tolls like derivatives are essential. Lack of derivatives, warehouse receipts based settlement; adequate risk managing tools and mainly lack of liquidity are the major impediments of exchanges efficiency. In this work, Ethiopia Commodity Exchange's trading practices, settlement issues, risk management techniques, liquidity practices are critically analyzed. Relevant country wide information was explored. In addition, experiences of other commodity exchanges were investigated. Finally, proposed way outs are forwarded. The proposed way outs include introduction of automated trading system, ware house receipt based settlements, commodity derivatives specifically futures, certified warehouses, and effective risk management tools
A Low Frequency Survey of Giant Pulses from the Crab Pulsar
Creators: name: Eftekhari, T.
name: Stovall, K.
name: Dowell, J.
name: Schinzel, F. K.
name: Taylor, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a large survey of giant pulses from the Crab Pulsar as observed with the first station of the Long Wavelength Array. Automated methods for detecting giant pulses at low frequencies where scattering becomes prevalent are also explored. More than 1400 pulses were detected across four frequency bands between 20 - 84 MHz over a seven month period beginning in 2013, with additional followup observations in late 2014 and early 2015. A handful of these pulses were detected simultaneously across all four frequency bands. We examine pulse characteristics, including pulse broadening and power law indices for amplitude distributions. We find that the flux density increases toward shorter wavelengths, consistent with a spectral turnover at 100 MHz. Our observations uniquely span multiple scattering epochs, manifesting as a notable trend in the number of detections per observation. These results are characteristic of the variable interface between the synchrotron nebula and the surrounding interstellar medium.
description: To appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 1 of Cardiovascular health in the menopause transition: a longitudinal study of up to 3892 women with up to four repeated measures of risk factors
Creators: name: Clayton, Gemma L.
name: Soares, Ana Gonçalves
name: Kilpi, Fanny
name: Fraser, Abigail
name: Welsh, Paul
name: Sattar, Naveed
name: Nelson, Scott M.
name: Tilling, Kate
name: Lawlor, Deborah A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of model fit. Table S2. Characteristics of imputed data. Table S3. Number of participants at each visit. Table S4. Characteristics by menopausal stage at each clinic.
Uncovering Mass Segregation with Galaxy Analogues in Dark Matter Simulations
Creators: name: Joshi, Gandhali D.
name: Parker, Laura C.
name: Wadsley, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate mass segregation in group and cluster environments by identifying galaxy analogues in high-resolution dark matter simulations. Subhalos identified by the AHF and ROCKSTAR halo finders have similar mass functions, independent of resolution, but different radial distributions due to significantly different subhalo hierarchies. We propose a simple way to classify subhalos as galaxy analogues. The radial distributions of galaxy analogues agree well at large halo-centric radii for both AHF and ROCKSTAR but disagree near parent halo centres where the phase-space information used by ROCKSTAR is essential. We see clear mass segregation at small radii (within $0.5\,r_{vir}$) with average galaxy analogue mass decreasing with radius. Beyond the virial radius, we find a mild trend where the average galaxy analogue mass increases with radius. These mass segregation trends are strongest in small groups and dominated by the segregation of low mass analogues. The lack of mass segregation in massive galaxy analogues suggests that the observed trends are driven by the complex accretion histories of the parent halos rather than dynamical friction.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Cardiovascular health in the menopause transition: a longitudinal study of up to 3892 women with up to four repeated measures of risk factors
Creators: name: Clayton, Gemma L.
name: Soares, Ana Gonçalves
name: Kilpi, Fanny
name: Fraser, Abigail
name: Welsh, Paul
name: Sattar, Naveed
name: Nelson, Scott M.
name: Tilling, Kate
name: Lawlor, Deborah A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S5. Main analysis: unadjusted and adjusted models. Table S6. Mean difference in outcome by menopausal status. Table S7. Predicted mean differences at ages 45, 50 and 55 by menopausal status. Table S8. Mediation analysis. Figure S1. Shape of non-linear trajectories: fat mass and non-HDL-c. Figure S2. Main analysis: unadjusted and adjusted models. Figure S3. Sensitivity analyses: main model (multilevel) compared to general estimating equation model and sensitivity to number of visits. Figure S4. Sensitivity analyses: excluding women with a plaque.
Additional file 3 of Cardiovascular health in the menopause transition: a longitudinal study of up to 3892 women with up to four repeated measures of risk factors
Creators: name: Clayton, Gemma L.
name: Soares, Ana Gonçalves
name: Kilpi, Fanny
name: Fraser, Abigail
name: Welsh, Paul
name: Sattar, Naveed
name: Nelson, Scott M.
name: Tilling, Kate
name: Lawlor, Deborah A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S9. Comparison of age and cardiometabolic risk factors between women included/excluded. Table S10. Comparison of confounders between women included/excluded.
The Relationship Between Commercial Banks' Development Economic and Growth in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Dereje, Melkamu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: The central objective of the study to empirically investigate the impact of commercial banks' development in the Ethiopian economic growth. To undertake this study, six explanatory variables were considered namely deposit, loan and advances, assets, government expenditure, export and inflation rate. The first three were indicators of development of commercial banks and considered as main independent variables whereas the last three were control variables. The present research has adopted mixed research approaches. Therefore, the study used both secondary and primary sources of data. The current study considers total population of eighteen commercial banks, which are currently operating in Ethiopian banking industry. Of the total population eight commercial banks were selected using purposive/ deliberate sampling techniques. For this study unit root tests, co integration and granger causality tests were conducted. Thus, the study w used both Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and Philip Perron (PP) unit root test. The result suggested that except RGDP and ASSET all variables were stationary at level whereas when they are first difference all variables were stationary. The study has conducted Johansson co integration test to know whether variables have long run association ship so the result indicated a long run relationship among variables. Moreover, the study conducted granger causality test to know causality among variables and found that deposit has granger cause economic growth, economic growth granger cause loan and advances and no casual relationship is found among economic growth and asset. The study adopted different analysis techniques include descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis. The study found that a positive and significant relationship among economic growth, deposit and loan and advances whereas negative and significant association ship between economic growth and bank size i.e. asset. Furthermore, in relation to control variables both inflation and exports have been positively and significantly associated with economic growth while the study has found negative and significant relationship between economic growth and government expenditures. Finally, to maintain and sustain economic growth all stakeholders to whom concerned should have to pay a paramount attention for commercial banks considering their influence in the overall economic prospects. In addition, wistful government expenditures has to be eradicated, exports has to be encouraged and target inflation need to be maintain in order to realize dramatic economic growth in the country Ethiopia. was Key words: Ethiopia, commercial banks, economic growth, commercial banks' dev
Boosting to identify: pseudoscalar searches with di-leptonic tops
Creators: name: Goncalves, Dorival
name: Lopez-Val, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quest for new heavy states is a critical component of the LHC physics program. In this letter, we study the search for pseudoscalar bosons produced in association with a $t\bar{t}$ pair. We consider the final state $t\bar{t} A \to t\bar{t} b\bar{b}$ with di-leptonic top pair signature, and reconstruct the boosted $A \to b\bar{b}$ candidate with jet substructure techniques, achieving a remarkable sensitivity over a broad range of pseudoscalar masses and Yukawa couplings. We apply this strategy to a Type-I Two-Higgs-Doublet Model, demonstrating its ability to probe a realistic, UV-complete extended Higgs sector. In particular, we find that the $13~TeV$ LHC with $300~fb^{-1}$ of data can constrain the region $\tanβ>1.5$ at 95$\%$ CL for a light pseudoscalar with $m_A = 50$ GeV. Moreover, the whole mass range $20~GeV
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
Determinants of Insurance companies' profitability in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mariam, Hanna
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: This study examines internal and external factors affecting insurance companies' profitability in Ethiopia. Profitability is proxied by ROA, which is a key indicator of insurance companies' profitability. As internal explanatory variables company size, leverage, liquidity, firm growth, age, volume of capital and tangibility are used, moreover, as external explanatory variables inflation and GDP are also used to examine the most determinants of profitability of insurance companies. Panel data covering the period of 2005 to 2014 are analyzed for nine insurance companies. The study uses multiple linear regression models, and fixed effect technique has been applied to find out the most significant variables which affect the insurance companies' profitability. As a result, the result shows that from internal factors leverage, firm growth and tangibility of assets are the most significant determinants of profitability of insurance companies in Ethiopia, of which, firm growth has positive impact, on the other hand leverage and tangibility of assets have negative impact on profitability of insurers. From macroeconomic factors, inflation has a negative and significant impact on insurers' profitability The result also reveals that company size, company age and GDP growth shows positive but insignificant relationship with insurers' profitability. And liquidity has negative and insignificant relationship with insurers' profitability. Key words: Determinants; profitability; insurance
Factors Influence tax Revenue in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Gebi, Aliye
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: Tax revenue to GDP ratio is very low in Ethiopia as compared to some of Sub-Saharan African countries. In this study an attempt is made to analyze empirically factors influence tax revenue such as broad money supply, exchange rate, urbanization, import, foreign remittances, and mining share in GDP so as to assess the response of tax revenue to changes in its factors in Ethiopia. The study is essential because its results can be used to help policymaker take appropriate measure when raising tax revenue and also used in making appropriate tax reform in an event of budget deficit. The study mainly used secondary data collected over the period 1997-2015 from Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation (MoFEC), Central Statistical Agency (CSA), and National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE). For the present study, both descriptive statistics and econometric tools were employed to analyze and present the obtained data. The results obtained suggest that broad money supply, and exchange rate are positively significant in influencing tax effort in Ethiopia. But the results indicate that import in GDP is statistically insignificant factor to influence tax effort in Ethiopia. Finally, it is found that Ethiopia's tax revenue is very responsive to change in its factors which create more challenge to the government in creating a stable tax system Key words:s factors; tax revenue; time serie
Nine Channel Mid-Power Bipolar Pulse Generator Based on a Field Programmable Gate Array
Creators: name: Haylock, Ben
name: Lenzini, Francesco
name: Kasture, Sachin
name: Fisher, Paul
name: Streed, Erik W.
name: Lobino, Mirko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many channel arbitrary pulse sequence generation is required for the electro-optic reconfiguration of optical waveguide networks in Lithium Niobate. Here we describe a scalable solution to the requirement for mid-power bipolar parallel outputs, based on pulse patterns generated by an externally clocked field programmable gate array (FPGA). Positive and negative pulses can be generated at repetition rates from up to 80~MHz with pulse width adjustable in increments of 1.6~ns across nine independent outputs. Each channel can provide 1.5W of RF power and it can be synchronised with the operation of other components in an optical network such as light sources and detectors through an external clock with adjustable delay.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Factors Affecting Profitability of Insurance Companies in Ethiopia: Panel Evidence
Creators: name: Gashaw, Abate
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2012

description: Profitability is one of the most important objectives of financial management because one goal of financial management is to maximize the owner` s wealth. This paper examined the effects of firm specific factors (age of company, size of company, volume of capital, leverage ratio, liquidity ratio, growth and tangibility of assets) on profitability proxied by ROA. Profitability is dependent variable while age of company, size of company, volume of capital, leverage liquidity ratio, growth and tangibility of assets) are independent variables. The sample in this study includes nine of the listed insurance companies for nine years (2003-2011). Secondary data obtained from the financial statements (Balance sheet and Profit/Loss account) of insurance companies, financial publications of NBE are analyzed. From the regression results; growth, leverage, volume of capital, size, and liquidity are identified as most important determinant factors of profitability hence growth, size, and volume of capita are positively related. In contrast, liquidity ratio and leverage ratio are negatively but significantly related with profitability. Lastly, age of company and tangibility of assets are not significantly related with profitability
Striations in molecular clouds: Streamers or MHD waves?
Creators: name: Tritsis, A.
name: Tassis, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dust continuum and molecular observations of the low column density parts of molecular clouds have revealed the presence of elongated structures which appear to be well aligned with the magnetic field. These so-called striations are usually assumed to be streams that flow towards or away from denser regions. We perform ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations adopting four models that could account for the formation of such structures. In the first two models striations are created by velocity gradients between ambient, parallel streamlines along magnetic field lines. In the third model striations are formed as a result of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability perpendicular to field lines. Finally, in the fourth model striations are formed from the nonlinear coupling of MHD waves due to density inhomogeneities. We assess the validity of each scenario by comparing the results from our simulations with previous observational studies and results obtained from the analysis of CO (J = 1 - 0) observations from the Taurus molecular cloud. We find that the first three models cannot reproduce the density contrast and the properties of the spatial power spectrum of a perpendicular cut to the long axes of striations. We conclude that the nonlinear coupling of MHD waves is the most probable formation mechanism of striations.
description: 15 pages, 20 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Additional file 4 of Cardiovascular health in the menopause transition: a longitudinal study of up to 3892 women with up to four repeated measures of risk factors
Creators: name: Clayton, Gemma L.
name: Soares, Ana Gonçalves
name: Kilpi, Fanny
name: Fraser, Abigail
name: Welsh, Paul
name: Sattar, Naveed
name: Nelson, Scott M.
name: Tilling, Kate
name: Lawlor, Deborah A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S11. Summary of relevant longitudinal studies.