cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Percolative Superconductivity in KxFe2-ySe2 Single Crystals
Creators: name: Shen, B.
name: Zeng, B.
name: Chen, G. F.
name: He, J. B.
name: Wang, D. M.
name: Yang, H.
name: Wen, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic field penetration and magnetization hysteresis loops (MHLs) have been measured in KxFe2-ySe2 single crystals. The magnetic field penetration shows a two-step feature with a very small full-magnetic-penetration field (Hp1= 300 Oe at 2 K), and accordingly the MHL exhibits an abnormal vanishing of the central peak near zero field below 13 K. The width of the MHL in KxFe2-ySe2 at the same temperature is in general much smaller than that measured in the relatives Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 and Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2, and the MHLs in the latter two samples show the normal central peak near zero field. All these anomalies found in KxFe2-ySe2 can be understood in the picture that the sample is percolative with weakly coupled superconducting islands.
description: 5 page, 4 figures
Enrollment of Research Subjects through Telemedicine Networks in a Multicenter Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Clinical Trial: Design and Methods
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Background: Enrollment of subjects in acute stroke trials is often hindered by narrow timeframes, because a large proportion of patients arrive via transfers from outside facilities rather than primary arrival at the enrolling hospital. Rationale: Telemedicine networks have been increasingly utilized for provision of care for acute stroke patients at facilities outside of major academic centers. Treatment decisions made through Telemedicine networks in patients with acute ischemic stroke have been shown to be safe, reliable, and effective. With the expanding use of this technology and the impediments to enrolling subjects into clinical trials, this approach can be applied successfully to the field of clinical research. Methods and Conclusions: The antihypertensive treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage II trial is a phase III randomized multicenter trial that has developed a protocol in collaboration with participating sites to implement the use of Telemedicine networks for the enrollment of research subjects. The protocol describes the operating procedures and legal and Institutional Review Board perspectives for its implementation
Higgsino dark matter model consistent with galactic cosmic ray data and possibility of discovery at LHC-7
Creators: name: Chen, Ning
name: Feldman, Daniel
name: Liu, Zuowei
name: Nath, Pran
name: Peim, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A solution to the PAMELA positron excess with Higgsino dark matter within extended supergravity grand unified (SUGRA) models is proposed. The models are compliant with the photon constraints recently set by Fermi-LAT and produce positron as well as antiproton fluxes consistent with the PAMELA experiment. The SUGRA models considered have an extended hidden sector with extra degrees of freedom which allow for a satisfaction of relic density consistent with WMAP. The Higgsino models are also consistent with the CDMS-II and XENON100 data and are discoverable at LHC-7 with 1 fb^(-1) of luminosity. The models are testable on several fronts.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, Physical Review D
Euclidean matrix theory of random lasing in a cloud of cold atoms
Creators: name: Goetschy, A.
name: Skipetrov, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an ab initio analytic theory of random lasing in an ensemble of atoms that both scatter and amplify light. The theory applies all the way from low to high density of atoms. The properties of the random laser are controlled by an Euclidean matrix with elements equal to the Green's function of the Helmholtz equation between pairs of atoms in the system. Lasing threshold and the intensity of laser emission are calculated in the semiclassical approximation. The results are compared to the outcome of the diffusion theory of random lasing.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
The Value of Operating Rights in Regulated Trucking: Paradigm Lost
Creators: name: Kamerschen, David R.
name: Paul, Chris W.
name: Kamerschen, David R.
name: Paul, Chris W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Topological phonon modes in filamentous structures
Creators: name: Berg, Nina
name: Joel, Kira
name: Koolyk, Miriam
name: Prodan, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Topological phonon modes are robust vibrations localized at the edges of special structures. Their existence is determined by the bulk properties of the structures and, as such, the topological phonon modes are stable to changes occurring at the edges. The first class of topological phonons was recently found in 2-dimensional structures similar to that of Microtubules. The present work introduces another class of topological phonons, this time occurring in quasi one-dimensional filamentous structures with inversion symmetry. The phenomenon is exemplified using a structure inspired from that of actin Microfilaments, present in most live cells. The system discussed here is probably the simplest structure that supports topological phonon modes, a fact that allows detailed analysis in both time and frequency domains. We advance the hypothesis that the topological phonon modes are ubiquitous in the biological world and that living organisms make use of them during various processes.
description: accepted for publication (Phys. Rev. E)
An Analysis of the Determinants of Pickup and Delivery Cost
Creators: name: Schuster, Allan D.
name: House, Robert G.
name: Schuster, Allan D.
name: House, Robert G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Phase 1 Pilot Study
Creators: name: Wolfe, Gwen Geiger
name: Acuff, Lisa
name: Bowler-Hill, Sally
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Terminology
subject: Language
subject: Disempowering Terminology
subject: Type 1 Diabetes
subject: Diabetes
subject: Content Analysis
subject: Summative Content Analysis
subject: Empowerment
subject: Patient Education
subject: Stigma
subject: Online Patient Education Materials
subject: Consumer Health Information

description: This component includes materials from the pilot study of Phase 1. Phase 1 included sampling and data collection for the manifest part of the summative content analysis, which calculates frequencies of disempowering language. The pilot study was conducted January 01, 2023 through February 28, 2023.
Effective Field Theory of Fractional Quantized Hall Nematics
Creators: name: Mulligan, Michael
name: Nayak, Chetan
name: Kachru, Shamit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Landau-Ginzburg theory for a fractional quantized Hall nematic state and the transition to it from an isotropic fractional quantum Hall state. This justifies Lifshitz-Chern-Simons theory -- which is shown to be its dual -- on a more microscopic basis and enables us to compute a ground state wave function in the symmetry-broken phase. In such a state of matter, the Hall resistance remains quantized while the longitudinal DC resistivity due to thermally-excited quasiparticles is anisotropic. We interpret recent experiments at Landau level filling factor ν=7/3 in terms of our theory.
description: 4 pages + refs; v.2 contains a new appendix and discussion of Kohn's theorem
The French Revolution – from the left to the right
Creators: name: Premat, Christophe
Publisher: name: Stockholm University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 500207
subject: History of ideas
classificationCode: 440899
subject: Political science not elsewhere classified

description: This is a presentation of a course given at Stockholm University ("Culture and politics in contemporary France", basic level) based on the publication of the book of Hazareesingh, (2015). How the French think: an affectionate portrait of an intellectual people. Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group. The aim is to analyze the emergence of post-revolutionary ideologies after the birth of the left/right cleavage.
Cold neutrons trapped in external fields
Creators: name: Gandolfi, S.
name: Carlson, J.
name: Pieper, Steven C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of inhomogeneous neutron matter are crucial to the physics of neutron-rich nuclei and the crust of neutron stars. Advances in computational techniques now allow us to accurately determine the binding energies and densities of many neutrons interacting via realistic microscopic interactions and confined in external fields. We perform calculations for different external fields and across several shells to place important constraints on inhomogeneous neutron matter, and hence the large isospin limit of the nuclear energy density functionals that are used to predict properties of heavy nuclei and neutron star crusts. We find important differences between microscopic calculations and current density functionals; in particular the isovector gradient terms are significantly more repulsive than in traditional models, and the spin-orbit and pairing forces are comparatively weaker.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, final version. Additional material reference added in the published version
Southward from the blazing sun : climate change, migration and the experiences of cross-border migrants in South Africa
Creators: name: Tlhotlhalemaje, Lekha Neo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: People who migrate, at least in part, for reasons relating to climate/environmental change most often move within their country or region. Given that the countries of Southern Africa experience significant effects of anthropogenic climate change, it is important to study the phenomenon of climate migration in this region. Through a historical analysis of the phenomenon of environmental migration in the context as well as an exploration of the lived experiences of African cross-border migrants in South Africa, this thesis provides an introduction to this topic. Climate migration is inherently multicausal and inextricably connected with broad structures of power, such as capitalism and neo-imperialism. Moreover, the concept is often misappropriated and misunderstood to advance a view of migration that emphasizes security rather than human rights or migrant self-determination. Thus, we must be careful how we employ this terminology. However, broader and more contextualized understandings of climate migration can be used to push the boundaries of contemporary migration paradigms, such as the forced/voluntary dichotomy, the concept of the refugee, and modern emphases on securitization. Interviews with Zimbabwean, Congolese, Rwandan and Burundian refugees, asylum seekers and migrants in Johannesburg and Musina illuminated the various failures of the South African government in regularizing the stays of migrants and providing them with social services. However, even against these great odds, migrants continue to carve out a space for themselves in a sometimes-hostile South African society. Migration cannot be seen as homogeneously perverse or criminal; it is a fact of life for many people in Southern Africa and will continue to be so—especially in these times of political transformation, economic struggles, and climate change.
An Economic Evaluation of the Regional Differences in Operating Problems and Structure of Agriculturally Exempt Motor Carriers
Creators: name: Casavant, Ken L.
name: Stump, Robert K.
name: Casavant, Ken L.
name: Stump, Robert K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
OWL-NETS: abstracting OWL for network inference
Creators: name: Callahan, Tiffany J.
name: Baumgartner, William A.
name: Bada, Michael
name: Stefanski, Adrianne L.
name: Tripodi, Ignacio
name: Hunter, Larry E.
name: White, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a Semantic Web standard, which, in conjunction with biomedical ontologies, is widely used to model complex biological knowledge. Network inference techniques, when applied to biological data, have the potential to generate novel biological insights. While OWL facilitates logically consistent integration of independent and conflicting sources of semantic knowledge, its representational complexity reduces the effectiveness of certain types of network inference. Here we introduce OWL-NETS (NEtwork Transformation for Statistical Learning), a novel computational method that reversibly abstracts OWL-encoded biomedical knowledge into a representation well-suited for statistical inference. Using several examples built with Open Biomedical Ontologies, we show that using OWL-NETS, when compared to other abstraction methods, results in systematically different network properties. These properties are then shown to be better suited for network inference. When comparing the performance of several link prediction algorithms on the different abstraction methods, OWL-NETS results in more accurate predictions. The best-performing algorithm, when applied to the OWL-NETS abstracted networks, yields novel, biologically meaningful edges (validated by expert consultation and literature review). The OWL-NETS method can be used to leverage existing ontology-based knowledge representations and network inference methods to generate novel, significant biological hypotheses.
Strong interactions and exact solutions in non-linear massive gravity
Creators: name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Niz, Gustavo
name: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate strong coupling effects in a covariant massive gravity model, which is a candidate for a ghost free non-linear completion of Fierz-Pauli. We analyse the conditions to recover general relativity via Vainshtein mechanism in the weak field limit, and find three main cases depending on the choice of parameters. In the first case, the potential is such that all non-linearities disappear and the vDVZ discontinuity cannot be avoided. In the second case, the Vainshtein mechanism allows to recover general relativity within a macroscopic radius from a source. In the last case, the strong coupling of the scalar graviton completely shields the massless graviton, and weakens gravity when approaching the source. In the second part of the paper, we explore new exact vacuum solutions, that asymptote de Sitter or anti de Sitter space depending on the parameter choice. The curvature of the space is proportional to the mass of the graviton, thus providing a cosmological background which may explain the present day acceleration in terms of the graviton mass. Moreover, by expressing the potential for non-linear massive gravity in a convenient form, we also suggest possible connections with a higher dimensional framework.
description: 20 pages, no figures. Version accepted by PRD
Towards patient-driven phenotyping and similarity for precision medicine
Creators: name: Callahan, Tiffany J.
name: Bodenreider, Olivier
name: Granchelli, Ann
name: Kahn, Michael G.
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Clinical phenotyping provides important insight into the manifestation and outcome of rare and complex diseases. Traditional phenotyping techniques often require multiple iterations of refinement with a domain expert, lack interoperability, and have limited reproducibility. In comparison, patient similarity-based techniques derive personalized patient risk models that are highly accurate, even when applied to sparse data or poorly characterized diseases/outcomes. We introduce a novel, semi-supervised data-driven method for applying clinical similarity to pediatric phenotyping.
Comparing the same-side "ridge" in CMS p-p angular correlations to RHIC p-p data
Creators: name: Trainor, Thomas A.
name: Kettler, David T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CMS collaboration has recently reported the appearance of a same-side "ridge" structure in two-particle angular correlations from 7 TeV p-p collisions. The ridge in p-p collisions at 7 TeV has been compared to a ridge structure in more-central Au-Au collisions at 0.2 TeV interpreted by some as evidence for a dense, flowing QCD medium. In this study we make a detailed comparison between 0.2 TeV p-p correlations and the CMS results. We find that 7 TeV minimum-bias jet correlations are remarkably similar to those at 0.2 TeV, even to the details of the same-side peak geometry. Extrapolation of azimuth quadrupole systematics from 0.2 TeV suggests that the same-side ridge at 7 TeV is a manifestation of the azimuth quadrupole with amplitude enhanced by applied cuts.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, response to referee comments
Associations of Alzheimer’s disease risk variants with gene expression, amyloidosis, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration
Creators: name: Tan, Meng-Shan
name: Yang, Yu-Xiang
name: Xu, Wei
name: Wang, Hui-Fu
name: Tan, Lin
name: Zuo, Chuan-Tao
name: Dong, Qiang
name: Tan, Lan
name: Suckling, John
name: Yu, Jin-Tai
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research
Alzheimer disease
Amyloid
Tau
Neurodegeneration
Risk variants
Gene expression

description: Funder: ZHANGJIANG LAB, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute, and the State Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Frontiers Center for Brain Science of Ministry of Education, Fudan University
description: Abstract: Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 30 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk genes, although the detailed mechanism through which all these genes are associated with AD pathogenesis remains unknown. We comprehensively evaluate the roles of the variants in top 30 non-APOE AD risk genes, based on whether these variants were associated with altered mRNA transcript levels, as well as brain amyloidosis, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration. Methods: Human brain gene expression data were obtained from the UK Brain Expression Consortium (UKBEC), while other data used in our study were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. We examined the association of AD risk allele carrier status with the levels of gene expression in blood and brain regions and tested the association with brain amyloidosis, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration at baseline, using a multivariable linear regression model. Next, we analyzed the longitudinal effects of these variants on the change rates of pathology using a mixed effect model. Results: Altogether, 27 variants were detected to be associated with the altered expression of 21 nearby genes in blood and brain regions. Eleven variants (especially novel variants in ADAM10, IGHV1-68, and SLC24A4/RIN3) were associated with brain amyloidosis, 7 variants (especially in INPP5D, PTK2B) with brain tauopathy, and 8 variants (especially in ECHDC3, HS3ST1) with brain neurodegeneration. Variants in ADAMTS1, BZRAP1-AS1, CELF1, CD2AP, and SLC24A4/RIN3 participated in more than one cerebral pathological process. Conclusions: Genetic variants might play functional roles and suggest potential mechanisms in AD pathogenesis, which opens doors to uncover novel targets for AD treatment.
Macrophage phenotyping using autofluorescence microscopy and machine learning
Creators: name: Xu, Alec
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Macrophages are highly plastic immune cells which morph into different phenotypes depending on their surrounding environment. The two main paradigms for macrophage phenotyping are phenotyping by function and by origin. Phenotyping based on function separates macrophages into three polarizations: naïve (M0), pro-inflammatory (M1), and anti-inflammatory (M2). Phenotyping based on origin distinguishes macrophages from their place of origin. This can be from monocytes created in the bone marrow, or local proliferation from tissue resident macrophage populations. These phenotypes have different functions and can be associated with different metabolic states, which can be detected via immunofluorescence assays or autofluorescence. Detecting these phenotypes can be a powerful tool in the diagnosis of different diseases, as many diseases impact macrophage populations in the affected tissue. Currently macrophage phenotyping is difficult and requires use of unreliable surface markers or expensive sequencing techniques. In this thesis we use fluorescent microscopy-based images for the training and validation of different image-based algorithms for effective classification. We first imaged THP-1 derived M0/M1/M2 macrophages for brightfield and fluorescently stained mitochondrial images. We then applied this dataset to multiple state-of-the-art deep learning models, achieving 5-fold validation accuracy of 80.50% using PNASNet-5. We also explore phenotyping murine tissue resident macrophages, bone-marrow monocyte-derived macrophages, and monocytes. This was conducted by imaging for autofluorescence and applying to an original convolutional neural network (MacNet) as well as using CellProfiler feature engineering and classical classifiers. We achieve 97.72% validation accuracy using MacNet and 98.58% validation accuracy on CellProfiler features in random forest.
On the Ornstein-Zernike behaviour for the Bernoulli bond percolation on $\mathbb{Z}^{d},d\geq3,$ in the supercitical regime
Creators: name: Campanino, Massimo
name: Gianfelice, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 60F15, 60K15, 82B43

description: We prove Ornstein-Zernike behaviour in every direction for finite connection functions of bond percolation on $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ for $d\geq3$ when $p,$ the probability of occupation of a bond, is sufficiently close to $1.$ Moreover, we prove that equi-decay surfaces are locally analytic, strictly convex, with positive Gaussian curvature.
description: 18 pages, published version
Road2CityGML3
Creators: name: Beil, Christof
name: Kutzner, Tatjana
name: Schwab, Benedikt
name: Kolbe, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: citygml
transportation
road
guideline
road2citygml3
3d city model

description: Guideline for modelling roads and the streetspace within semantic 3D city models using the international OGC standard City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) version 3.0. The latest online document can be found at https://tum-gis.github.io/road2citygml3
Differential Morphology Between Rest-frame Optical and UV Emission from 1.5 < z < 3 Star-forming Galaxies
Creators: name: Bond, N. A.
name: Gawiser, E.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a comparative study of the rest-frame optical and rest-frame ultraviolet morphological properties of 117 star-forming galaxies (SFGs), including BX, BzK, and Lyman break galaxies with B<24.5, and 15 passive galaxies in the region covered by the Wide Field Camera 3 Early Release Science program. Using the internal color dispersion (ICD) diagnostic, we find that the morphological differences between the rest-frame optical and rest-frame UV light distributions in 1.43 sigma) and larger than we find in passive galaxies at 1.4~0.05) generally have complex morphologies that are both extended and asymmetric, suggesting that they are mergers-in-progress or very large galaxies in the act of formation. We also find a correlation between half-light radius and internal color dispersion, a fact that is not reflected by the difference in half-light radii between bandpasses. In general, we find that it is better to use diagnostics like the ICD to measure the morphological properties of the difference image than it is to measure the difference in morphological properties between bandpasses.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ
La proprietà intellettuale nelle pubblicazioni scientifiche. Diritto d'autore: excursus normativo, gestione e cessione dei diritti di IP dell'autore e dell'Istituzione
Creators: name: Antonia, Vilia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: diritto d'autore
subject: ricerca scientifica
subject: pubblicazione scientifica
subject: proprietà intellettuale
subject: comunicazione scientifica
subject: https://zenodo.org/communities/a_iatris/

description: Abstract (IT) Il contesto normativo italiano sul tema del diritto d’autore presenta un quadro legislativo statico che ruota attorno alla principale legge di riferimento, la legge 633/1941 “Protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio”. Successivamente sono stati diversi i tentativi di ampliare e intervenire sul quadro normativo italiano e diversi sono stati gli sforzi di integrazione e di allineamento all’acquis comunitario Il ricercatore di area biomedica è sempre più esposto al pericolo di dover scegliere tra forme di tutela e disseminazione della scienza tenendo conto della sempre più imponente diffusione delle pubblicazioni in ambiente digitale. La loro diffusione ha introdotto notevoli cambiamenti sulla gestione dei diritti delle pubblicazioni scientifiche accrescendo le opportunità che un autore ha per la tutela della proprietà intellettuale. Abstract (EN) The Italian regulatory context regarding copyright is a static legislative framework that revolves around law 633/1941 "Protection of copyright and other rights related to its exercise". Subsequently, there have been several attempts to expand and improve the Italian regulatory framework and there have been several efforts to integrate and align the Italian framework with the EU acquis. The biomedical researcher is increasingly exposed to the danger of having to choose between forms of protection and dissemination of science, taking into account the increasing diffusion of publications in the digital environment. This diffusion has introduced significant changes in the management of the rights of scientific publications, increasing the opportunities that an author has for the protection of intellectual property.
Magnetic launching and collimation of jets from the disk-magnetosphere boundary: 2.5D MHD simulations
Creators: name: Lii, Patrick S
name: Romanova, Marina M.
name: Lovelace, Richard V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to investigate the launching and collimation of jets emerging from the disk-magnetosphere boundary of accreting magnetized stars. Our analysis shows that the matter flows into the jet from the inner edge of the accretion disk. It is magnetically accelerated along field lines extending up from the disk and simultaneously collimated by the magnetic pinch force. In the reference run which we use for analysis, the matter in the jet crosses the Alfvén surface a few R_* above the disk and the fast magnetosonic surface ~13 R_* above the disk. At larger distances, the magnetic pressure is a few times smaller than the total matter pressure but the magnetic force continues to accelerate and collimate the jet. In steady state, we observe a matter ejection-to-accretion ratio of ~0.2. Across different simulation runs, we measure a range of half-opening angles between Θ \approx 4° and 20° at the top of the simulation region, depending on the degree of magnetization in the outflow. We consider the case of stars undergoing epochs of high accretion (such as EXors, FUORs, and CTTSs) where the stellar magnetosphere is strongly compressed by the incoming accretion disk. For a typical EXor (mass 0.8 M_sun, radius 2 R_sun) accreting at ~10^-5 M_sun/yr, we measure poloidal velocities in the jet ranging from 30 km/s on the outer edge of the jet to more than 260 km/s on the inner edge. In general, the models can be applied to a variety of magnetized stars--white dwarfs, neutron stars, and brown dwarfs--which exhibit periods of high accretion.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS, supplementary animation available at http://astro.cornell.edu/~pslii/research.htm
Viscous corrections to the resistance of nano-junctions: a dispersion relation approach
Creators: name: Roy, Dibyendu
name: Vignale, Giovanni
name: Di Ventra, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the viscosity of a homogeneous electron liquid diverges in the limits of zero frequency and zero temperature. A nanojunction breaks translational invariance and necessarily cuts off this divergence. However, the estimate of the ensuing viscosity is far from trivial. Here, we propose an approach based on a Kramers-Krönig dispersion relation, which connects the zero-frequency viscosity, $η(0)$, to the high-frequency shear modulus, $μ_{\infty}$, of the electron liquid via $η(0) =μ_{\infty} τ$, with $τ$ the junction-specific momentum relaxation time. By making use of a simple formula derived from time-dependent current-density functional theory we then estimate the many-body contributions to the resistance for an integrable junction potential and find that these viscous effects may be much larger than previously suggested for junctions of low conductance.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Revised version
Modeling the Shipper's Route Choice for the Movement of Goods: An Application to General Cargo Exports
Creators: name: Heilmann, Ph.D.
name: Corsi, Ph.D.
name: Heilmann, Ph.D.
name: Corsi, Ph.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
A Queuing Model for the Simulation of a Port Grain Elevator
Creators: name: LeBlanc, Louis A.
name: Stover, Vergil G.
name: LeBlanc, Louis A.
name: Stover, Vergil G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Interpreting experts’ perspectives on philosophizing media and technology for children and youth
Creators: name: Regis, Vicente
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: This research addressed the problem of children's and youth's philosophical perspectives on media and technology (M&T) through the exploratory expert interview method. Four experts— in the order of the interviews, Dr. HildaRuth Beaumont, Dr. Renee Hobbs, Dr. Fernando Almeida, and Dr. Laura D’Olimpio, in design & technology education, media literacy, and philosophy education— shared insights into how philosophical capacity in children and youth manifests and evolves. The study focused on three research questions: 1) What are experts’ perspectives on what it means for children and youth to philosophize M&T? 1a) What are experts’ perspectives on the relationship between this philosophical capacity and media and digital literacy? 1b) What are experts’ perspectives on how philosophizing M&T can be integrated into the school curriculum? Drawing from the writings of Dewey (1920, 1949), Deleuze and Guattari (1991/1994), Petrina (2020), Pigliucci (2014), de Vries (2016) and Weischedel (1999), the theoretical framework understands philosophizing as a creative activity based on argumentation, concept creation, and reflection. Committed to analyzing and critiquing any aspect of reality, philosophizing transpires through the exploration of conceptual space. Mitcham's (1978, 1994) typology of technology structures the reflection regarding how students perceive M&T. One over-arching theme, and four core themes organize data analysis and findings: Philosophizing as Perspective Expansion encompass Emergent Questions, Metaphor, Critique, and Ethics. All three research questions are explored within the overarching and four core themes. These themes in philosophizing M&T are articulated in terms of how they represent deep transformations in children’s and youth’s perspectives in symbiosis with experience and intellectual growth, which I described as Philosophizing as Perspective Expansion. Expansion of perspective means increasing or transforming the interconnected compound of ideas one relies on to decide how to act facing a complex issue. This transformation occurs through the following elements: emergent questions, critique, and metaphorical reflections that include wonder, mythical interpretations, and metaphysical discussions. Hence, in conversation with the four experts, this research sought points that crystallize connections between knowledge fields central to the philosophy of M&T for children and youth.
Law of the leading digits and the ideological struggle for numbers
Creators: name: Mir, Tariq Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Benford's law states that the occurrence of significant digits in many data sets is not uniform but tends to follow a logarithmic distribution such that the smaller digits appear as first significant digits more frequently than the larger ones. We investigate here numerical data on the country-wise adherent distribution of seven major world religions i.e. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism and Baha'ism to see if the proportion of the leading digits occurring in the distribution conforms to Benford's law. We find that the adherent data of all the religions, except Christianity, excellently does conform to Benford's law. Furthermore, unlike the adherent data on Christianity, the significant digit distribution of the three major Christian denominations i.e. Catholicism, Protestantism and Orthodoxy obeys the law. Thus in spite of their complexity general laws can be established for the evolution of the religious groups.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, title changed to "The law of the leading digits and the world religions" for journal version in publication
A fundamental measure theory for the sticky hard sphere fluid
Creators: name: Hansen-Goos, Hendrik
name: Wettlaufer, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a density functional theory (DFT) for the sticky hard sphere (SHS) fluid which, like Rosenfeld's fundamental measure theory (FMT) for the hard sphere fluid [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 63}, 980 (1989)], is based on a set of weighted densities and an exact result from scaled particle theory (SPT). It is demonstrated that the excess free energy density of the inhomogeneous SHS fluid $Φ_{\text{SHS}}$ is uniquely defined when (a) it is solely a function of the weighted densities from Kierlik and Rosinberg's version of FMT [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 42}, 3382 (1990)], (b) it satisfies the SPT differential equation, and (c) it yields any given direct correlation function (DCF) from the class of generalized Percus-Yevick closures introduced by Gazzillo and Giacometti [J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 120}, 4742 (2004)]. The resulting DFT is shown to be in very good agreement with simulation data. In particular, this FMT yields the correct contact value of the density profiles with no adjustable parameters. Rather than requiring higher order DCFs, such as perturbative DFTs, our SHS FMT produces them. Interestingly, although equivalent to Kierlik and Rosinberg's FMT in the case of hard spheres, the set of weighted densities used for Rosenfeld's original FMT is insufficient for constructing a DFT which yields the SHS DCF.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Growth and Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Y$_2$SiO$_5$ Microcrystals for Quantum Information Processing
Creators: name: Martin, Jamin L. B.
name: Williams, Lily F.
name: Reid, Michael F.
name: Wells, Jon-Paul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lanthanide-doped Y$_{2}$SiO$_{5}$ microcrystals were prepared using the solution combustion, solid state and sol-gel synthesis techniques. Of these, the sol-gel method yields the most reliable and high-quality X2 phase Y$_{2}$SiO$_{5}$ microcrystals. Absorption and laser site-selective fluorescence measurements of Nd$^{3+}$, Eu$^{3+}$ and Er$^{3+}$ doped material, performed at cryogenic temperatures, indicate that the as-grown microcrystals are of high optical quality with inhomogeneously broadened optical linewidths that are comparable to bulk crystals at similar dopant concentrations.
Dielectric Analog Space-Times
Creators: name: Thompson, Robert T.
name: Frauendiener, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the notion of a dielectric analog Schwarzschild black hole model to analog models of arbitrary space-times; in particular, the approach is not restricted to static space-times. This is done by establishing a correspondence between electrodynamics on a curved, vacuum manifold, with electrodynamics in a general linear dielectric residing in Minkowski space-time. The mapping is not unique, allowing for some freedom in the specification of equivalent materials, which could be useful for exploiting recent developments in the production of metamaterials. Some examples are considered, with special attention paid to the dielectric analog of the exterior Kerr geometry, which is found to be reproducible with regular, linear, dielectrics.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure. This version: Typos corrected, 1 reference added, updated citation information, minor correction to Equation 41
Fredholm and index theory for symmetrizable hyperbolic systems with nonlocal boundary conditions
Creators: name: Müller, Alexander
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Index Theory
subject: Fredholm Theory
subject: Fourier Integral Operators
subject: Hyperbolic Systems
subject: Indextheorie
subject: Fredholm Theorie
subject: Fourier Integral Operatoren
subject: Hyperbolische Systeme
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: n this thesis we investigate the Fredholm conditions and the index theory of symmetrizable hyperbolic systems ∂tu = Lu with nonlocal boundary conditions stated on a finite time subset M[0,1] = Σ × [0, 1] of a globally hyperbolic manifold M = Σ × R with boundary components Σ0 = Σ × {0} and Σ1 = Σ × {1}. For two pseudodifferential projections P+,0, P−,1 and two zero order pseudodifferential matrices A0,A1 we consider ∂tu = Lu together with the conditions P+,0A0u(0) = g0 and P−,1A1u(1) = g1 for functions g0 ∈ Im(P+,0) and g1 ∈ Im(P−,1). We derive the general Fredholm conditions for the problem and show that for the cases where the conjugation of P−,0 =: 1 − P+,0 by the solution operator Φ1 to ∂tu = Lu is equal to P−,1 (up to a compact error), the Fredholm conditions can be reduced to the ellipticity of a matrix of G-operators, as long as some assumptions about the group G and the operator L are made. We also apply the results from the abstract Fredholm theory we achieved to the case of the wave equation ∂2 t u = −Δu with a time dependent Laplacian Δ subject to the boundary conditions A0u(0) + B0(∂tu)(0) = g0 ∈ L2(Σ0), and A1u(1) + B1(∂tu)(1) = g1 ∈ L2(Σ1) (with zero order operators B0/1 and first order operators A0/1). The Fredholm conditions for this application of the abstract theory are expressed explicitly as conditions on the operators A0/1 and B0/1 and some special cases are considered, where the index formulas of the problem are given by the Fedosov index formula or some simple trace formula.
A User-Oriented Approach to Inland Waterway Traffic Forecasting
Creators: name: Dibner, Brent
name: Wise, Randall E.
name: Dibner, Brent
name: Wise, Randall E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
On the Cauchy problem for Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchies
Creators: name: Chen, Zeqian
name: Liu, Chuangye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Cauchy problem for the Gross-Pitaevskii infinite linear hierarchy of equations on $\mathbb{R}^n,$ $n \geq 1.$ We prove local existence and uniqueness of solutions in certain Sobolev type spaces $\mathrm{H}^α_ξ$ of sequences of marginal density operators with $α> n/2.$ In particular, we give a clear discussion of all cases $α> n/2,$ which covers the local well-posedness problem for Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy in this situation.
description: 17 pages. The referee's comments and suggestions have been incorporated into this version of the paper
Morphology of Galaxy Clusters: A Cosmological Model-Independent Test of the Cosmic Distance-Duality Relation
Creators: name: Meng, Xiao-Lei
name: Zhang, Tong-Jie
name: Zhan, Hu
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aiming at comparing different morphological models of galaxy clusters, we use two new methods to make a cosmological model-independent test of the distance-duality (DD) relation. The luminosity distances come from Union2 compilation of Supernovae Type Ia. The angular diameter distances are given by two cluster models (De Filippis et al. and Bonamente et al.). The advantage of our methods is that it can reduce statistical errors. Concerning the morphological hypotheses for cluster models, it is mainly focused on the comparison between elliptical $β$-model and spherical $β$-model. The spherical $β$-model is divided into two groups in terms of different reduction methods of angular diameter distances, i.e. conservative spherical $β$-model and corrected spherical $β$-model. Our results show that the DD relation is consistent with the elliptical $β$-model at $1σ$ confidence level (CL) for both methods, whereas for almost all spherical $β$-model parameterizations, the DD relation can only be accommodated at $3σ$ CL, particularly for the conservative spherical $β$-model. In order to minimize systematic uncertainties, we also apply the test to the overlap sample, i.e. the same set of clusters modeled by both De Filippis et al. and Bonamente et al.. It is found that the DD relation is compatible with the elliptically modeled overlap sample at $1σ$ CL, however for most of the parameterizations, the DD relation can not be accommodated even at $3σ$ CL for any of the two spherical $β$-models. Therefore it is reasonable that the marked triaxial ellipsoidal model is a better geometrical hypothesis describing the structure of the galaxy cluster compared with the spherical $β$-model if the DD relation is valid in cosmological observations.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, significantly improved compared with 1st version, accepted for publication in the ApJ
The Economic Effects of Freight Rate Changes: An Analysis of Total Logistic Costs
Creators: name: Nason, Scott D.
name: Kullman, Brian C.
name: Nason, Scott D.
name: Kullman, Brian C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
Hot electron driven enhancement of spin-lattice coupling in 4f ferromagnets observed by femtosecond x-ray magnetic circular dichroism
Creators: name: Wietstruk, Marko
name: Melnikov, Alexey
name: Stamm, Christian
name: Kachel, Torsten
name: Pontius, Niko
name: Sultan, Muhammad
name: Gahl, Cornelius
name: Weinelt, Martin
name: Dürr, Hermann A.
name: Bovensiepen, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Femtosecond x-ray magnetic circular dichroism was used to study the time-dependent magnetic moment of 4 fs electrons in the ferromagnets Gd and Tb, which are known for their different spin-lattice coupling. We observe a two-step demagnetization with an ultrafast demagnetization time of 750 fs identical for both systems and slower times which differ sizeably with 40 ps for Gd and 8 ps for Tb. We conclude that spin-lattice coupling in the electronically excited state is enhanced up to orders of magnitude compared to equilibrium.
description: added reference 24, clarified the meaning of photo-induced, emphasized that XMCD probes the magnetic moment localized at 4f electrons
Evaluation of the Seven Percent "Yo-Yo" Provision of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976
Creators: name: Briggs, Don
name: Levin, Ginger
name: Briggs, Don
name: Levin, Ginger
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 19th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 24-26, 1978, New York, NY
A ghost ring for the left-free double Burnside ring and an application to fusion systems
Creators: name: Boltje, Robert
name: Danz, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19A22, 20C20

description: For a finite group $G$, we define a ghost ring and a mark homomorphism for the double Burnside ring of left-free $(G,G)$-bisets. In analogy to the case of the Burnside ring $B(G)$, the ghost ring has a much simpler ring structure, and after tensoring with $\QQ$ one obtains an isomorphism of $\QQ$-algebras. As an application of a key lemma, we obtain a very general formula for the Brauer construction applied to a tensor product of two $p$-permutation bimodules $M$ and $N$ in terms of Brauer constructions of the bimodules $M$ and $N$. Over a field of characteristic 0 we determine the simple modules of the left-free double Burnside algebra and prove semisimplicity results for the bifree double Burnside algebra. These results carry over to results about biset-functor categories. Finally, we apply the ghost ring and mark homomorphism to fusion systems on a finite $p$-group. We extend a remarkable bijection, due to Ragnarsson and Stancu, between saturated fusion systems and certain idempotents of the bifree double Burnside algebra over $\ZZ_{(p)}$, to a bijection between all fusion systems and a larger set of idempotents in the bifree double Burnside algebra over $\QQ.$
description: 43 pages, minor changes of previous version, to appear in "Advances in Mathematics"