cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Limit of Temporal Resolution in Atomic Force Microscopy: How fast can we image with atomically-engineered tips while preserving picometer range spatial resolution?
Creators: name: Dagdeviren, Omur E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With recent advances in dynamic scanning probe microscopy techniques, it is now a routine to image the sub-molecular structure of molecules with atomically-engineered tips which are prepared via controlled modification of the tip termination and are chemically well-defined. The enhanced spatial resolution is possible as atomically-engineered tips can preserve their integrity in the repulsive interaction regime. Although the mechanism of improved spatial resolution has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically, the ultimate temporal resolution while preserving picometer scale spatial resolution still remains an open question. Here, we computationally analyze the temporal resolution of atomic force microscopy imaging with atomically-engineered tips. Our computational results reveal that non-metal terminated tips, e.g. oxygen-terminated copper, are well-suited for enhanced temporal resolution up to video rate imaging velocities while preserving picometer range spatial resolution. Contrarily, the highest-attainable spatial resolution of atomically-engineered tips with low-stiffness, e.g. CO-terminated, deteriorate with increasing imaging velocity. Our results reveal that when atomically-engineered tips terminated with molecules are in use, imaging velocities in the order of nanometers per second at most are inevitable even for atomically flat surfaces to retain atomic resolution and avoid slip-stick motion. In addition to shedding light on the temporal resolution of atomic force microscopy imaging with atomically-engineered tips, our numerical results provide an outlook to the scalability of atom-by-atom fabrication using scanning probe microscopy techniques.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Carbamazepine treatment of generalized tonic–clonic seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Creators: name: Kenyon, Katharine
name: Nei, Maromi
name: Mintzer, Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: AbstractPurposeEvaluate the efficacy of carbamazepine in the treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).MethodThe response of five patients with IGE, who experienced primarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures which were refractory to multiple antiepileptic drugs, is reported.ResultsCarbamazepine controlled multiple seizure types and did not induce or increase the frequency of myoclonic or absence seizures in these patients. Many family members also responded favorably to carbamazepine.ConclusionCarbamazepine can be used with caution as an alternative treatment option for refractory IGE, especially in cases in which the main seizure type is generalized tonic–clonic.
Effect of band filling in the Kondo lattice: A mean-field approach
Creators: name: Ruppenthal, A. R.
name: Iglesias, J. R.
name: Gusmão, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The usual Kondo-lattice, including an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between nearest-neighboring localized spins, is treated here in a mean-field scheme that introduces two mean-field parameters: one associated with the local Kondo effect, and the other related to the magnetic correlations between localized spins. Phases with short-range magnetic correlations or coexistence between those and the Kondo effect are obtained. By varying the number of electrons in the conduction band, we notice that the Kondo effect tends to be suppressed away from half filling, while magnetic correlations can survive if the Heisenberg coupling is strong enough. An enhanced linear coefficient of the specific heat is obtained at low temperatures in the metallic state.
description: 7 pages, ReVTeX two-column, 7 figures
Robustness of the nonlinear filter
Creators: name: Kallianpur, G.
name: Karandikar, Rajeeva L.
name: Bhatt, Abhay G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: In the nonlinear filtering model with signal and observation noise independent, we show that the filter depends continuously on the law of the signal. We do not assume that the signal process is Markov and prove the result under minimal integrability conditions. The analysis is based on expressing the nonlinear filter as a Wiener functional via the Kallianpur-Striebel Bayes formula.
A further remark on dynamic programming for partially observed Markov processes
Creators: name: Budhiraja, Amarjit
name: Borkar, Vivek S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: In (Stochastic Process. Appl. 103 (2003) 293), a pair of dynamic programming inequalities were derived for the 'separated' ergodic control problem for partially observed Markov processes, using the 'vanishing discount' argument. In this note, we strengthen these results to derive a single dynamic programming equation for the same.
Distribution of the k-th smallest Dirac operator eigenvalue
Creators: name: Damgaard, P. H.
name: Nishigaki, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the exact relationship to Random Matrix Theory, we derive the probability distribution of the k-th smallest Dirac operator eigenvalue in the microscopic finite-volume scaling regime of QCD and related gauge theories.
description: REVTeX 3.1, 6 pages, 1 figure. Corrected factors in eqs. (16a) and (16c) and very minor typos (v2)
Seismic-like organization of avalanches in a driven long-range elastic string as a paradigm of brittle cracks
Creators: name: Barés, Jonathan
name: Bonamy, Daniel
name: Rosso, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very often damage and fracture in heterogeneous materials exhibit bursty dynamics made of successive impulse-like events which form characteristic aftershock sequences obeying specific scaling laws initially derived in seismology: Gutenberg-Richter law, productivity law, Båth's law and Omori-Utsu law. We show here how these laws naturally arise in the model of the long-range elastic depinning interface used as a paradigm to model crack propagation in heterogeneous media. We unravel the specific conditions required to observe this seismic-like organization in the crack propagation problem. Beyond failure problems, the results extend to a variety of situations described by models of the same universality class: contact line motion in the wetting problem or domain wall motion in dirty ferromagnet, to name a few.
description: 12 pages
Large deviations for stochastic partial differential equations driven by a Poisson random measure
Creators: name: Dupuis, Paul
name: Chen, Jiang
name: Budhiraja, Amarjit
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Stochastic partial differential equations driven by Poisson random measures (PRMs) have been proposed as models for many different physical systems, where they are viewed as a refinement of a corresponding noiseless partial differential equation (PDE). A systematic framework for the study of probabilities of deviations of the stochastic PDE from the deterministic PDE is through the theory of large deviations. The goal of this work is to develop the large deviation theory for small Poisson noise perturbations of a general class of deterministic infinite dimensional models. Although the analogous questions for finite dimensional systems have been well studied, there are currently no general results in the infinite dimensional setting. This is in part due to the fact that in this setting solutions may have little spatial regularity, and thus classical approximation methods for large deviation analysis become intractable. The approach taken here, which is based on a variational representation for nonnegative functionals of general PRMs, reduces the proof of the large deviation principle to establishing basic qualitative properties for controlled analogues of the underlying stochastic system. As an illustration of the general theory, we consider a particular system that models the spread of a pollutant in a waterway.
Molecular Weight Dependent Kernels in Generalized Mixing Rules
Creators: name: Thimm, Wolfgang
name: Friedrich, Christian
name: Roths, Tobias
name: Honerkamp, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a model is proposed for the kernel in the generalized mixing rule recently formulated by Anderssen and Mead (1998). In order to derive such a model, it is necessary to take account of the rheological significance of the kernel in terms of the relaxation behaviour of the individual polymers involved. This leads naturally to consider a way how additional physical effects, which depend on the molecular weight distribution, can be included in the mixing rule. The advantage of this approach is that, without changing the generality derived by Anderssen and Mead (1998), the choice of the model proposed here for the kernel guarantees the enhanced physical and rheological significance of their mixing rule.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Journal of Rheology
Pleurozium schreberi genome, supplemental material
Creators: name: Pederson, Eric
name: Rasmussen, Ulla
name: Warshan, Denis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Botany
subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: p { margin-bottom: 2.47mm; line-height: 115%; } The supplementary data for the article 'Genome sequencing of Pleurozium schreberi: the first assembled and annotated draft genome of a pleurocarpous feather moss', which is to be published in G3: GENES, GENOMES GENETICS
Orbital Magnetism in Small Quantum Dots with Closed Shells
Creators: name: Heiss, W. D.
name: Nazmitdinov, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is found that various kind of shell structure which occurs at specific values of the magnetic field leads to the disappearance of the orbital magnetization for particular magic numbers of small quantum dots with an electron number $A < 30$.
description: 4 pages, latex file, four figures as postscript files, to appear at JETP Letters, December 1998
Study of Unflavored Light Mesons with $J^{PC}=2^{--}$
Creators: name: Guo, Dan
name: Pang, Cheng-Qun
name: Liu, Zhan-Wei
name: Liu, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unflavored light meson families, namely $ω_2$, $ρ_2$, and $ϕ_2$, are studied systematically by investigating the spectrum and the two-body strong decays allowed by Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule. Including the four experimentally observed states and other predicted states, phenomenological analysis of the partial decay widths can verify the corresponding assignments of these states into the families. Moreover, we provide typical branching ratios of the dominant decay channels, especially for missing ground states, which is helpful to search for or confirm them and explore more properties of these families at experiment.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures; more discussions and some new references are added
Supplementary Material from Testing the unitary theory of language lateralization using functional transcranial Doppler sonography in adults
Creators: name: Z. V. J. Woodhead
name: A. R. Bradshaw
name: A. C. Wilson
name: P. A. Thompson
name: D. V. M. Bishop
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Additional exploratory results not shown in manuscript
Effects of c-axis Hopping in the Interlayer Tunneling Model of High-Tc Layered Cuprates
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Biplab
name: Das, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the interlayer pair-tunneling model for layered cuprates, including an effective single particle hopping along the c-axis. A phenomenological suppression of the c-axis hopping matrix element, by the pseudogap in cuprate superconductors, is incorporated. At optimal doping, quantities characteristic to the superconducting state, such as the transition temperature and the superconducting gap are calculated. Results from our calculations are consistent with the experimental observations with the noteworthy point that, the superconducting gap as a function of temperature shows excellent match to the experimental data. Predictions within the model, regarding T_c variation with interlayer coupling, are natural outcomes which could be tested further.
description: Latex file, 18 pages, 4 figures (postscript files included), to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. B
Random Magnetic Interactions and Spin Glass Order Competing with Superconductivity: Interference of the Quantum Parisi Phase
Creators: name: Feldmann, H.
name: Oppermann, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the competition between spin glass (SG) order and local pairing superconductivity (SC) in the fermionic Ising spin glass with frustrated fermionic spin interaction and nonrandom attractive interaction. The phase diagram is presented for all temperatures T and chemical potentials μ. SC-SG transitions are derived for the relevant ratios between attractive and frustrated-magnetic interaction. Characteristic features of pairbreaking caused by random magnetic interaction and/or by spin glass proximity are found. The existence of low-energy excitations, arising from replica permutation symmetry breaking (RPSB) in the Quantum Parisi Phase, is shown to be relevant for the SC-SG phase boundary. Complete 1-step RPSB-calculations for the SG-phase are presented together with a few results for infinity-step breaking. Suppression of reentrant SG - SC - SG transitions due to RPSB is found and discussed in context of ferromagnet - SG boundaries. The relative positioning of the SC and SG phases presents a theoretical landmark for comparison with experiments in heavy fermion systems and high T_c superconductors. We find a crossover line traversing the SG-phase with (μ=0,T=0) as its quantum critical (end)point in complete RPSB, and scaling is proposed for its vicinity. We argue that this line indicates a random field instability and suggest Dotsenko-Mezard vector replica symmetry breaking to occur at low temperatures beyond.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures replaced by published version
Bunbunius sinensis Keith 2005
Creators: name: Sehnal, Richard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Bunbunius
Bunbunius sinensis

description: Bunbunius sinensis Keith, 2005
 Material studied. CHINA: SHAANXI: ‘CHINA, SHAANXI, QINGLING / Mts. TAIBAI SHAN Mts. 1500- / - 2000 m. Houzheni vil. 33°52N- / 107°44E, IV.- V.2000:A. Plutenko [p]’, 10 JJ and 5 ♀♀ (RSCV). GANSU: ‘China, S Gansu / Wangziguan, E Wudu. / 26.-30.05.97. h= 2000 m / leg. S. Murzin [p]’, 4 JJ in RSCV.
 Note. To date, the species was known only from the type series. Specimens from southern Gansu, Wangziguan village, represent additional material collected at the type locality. The species is recorded here for the first time for the Shaanxi province, China.
description: Published as part of Sehnal, Richard, 2013, Bunbunius quadrihamis sp. nov. from Sichuan province, China (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), pp. 649-655 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on page 652, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740813
Psychiatric inpatient cost of care before and after admission at a residential subacute step-up/step-down mental health facility
Creators: name: Kinchin, Irina
name: Russell, Alex M. T.
name: Komla Tsey
name: Jago, Jon
name: Wintzloff, Thomas
name: Meurk, Carla
name: Doran, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Residential step-up/step-down services provide transitional care and reintegration into the community for individuals experiencing episodes of subacute mental illness. This study aims to examine psychiatric inpatient admissions, length of stay, and per capita cost of care following the establishment of a step-up/step-down Prevention And Recovery Care (PARC) facility in regional Australia. Methods: This was a pragmatic before and after study set within a participatory action research methodology. The target sample comprised patients at a PARC facility over 15 months. Six-month individual level data prior to study entry, during, and over 6-months from study exit were examined using patient activity records. Costs were expressed in 2015–2016AU$. Results: An audit included 192 people experiencing 243 episodes of care represented by males (58%), mean age = 39.3 years (SD = 12.7), primarily diagnosed with schizophrenia (48%) or mood disorders (30%). The cost of 1 day in a psychiatric inpatient unit was found to be comparable to an average of 5 treatment days in PARC; the mean cost difference per-bed day (AU$1,167) was associated with fewer and shorter inpatient stays. Reduced use of inpatient facility translated into an opportunity cost of improved patient flow equivalent to AU$12,555 per resident (bootstrapped 95% CI = $5,680–$19,280). More noticeable outcomes were observed among those who stayed in PARC for longer during index admission (rs = 0.16, p = 0.024), who have had more and lengthy inpatient stays (rs = 0.52, p rs = 0.69, p p Conclusion: Efforts should be directed toward the adoption of cost-effective alternatives to psychiatric inpatient facilities that provide comparable or improved patient outcomes.
Baryon-number violation by two units and the deuteron lifetime
Creators: name: Oosterhof, F.
name: Long, B.
name: de Vries, J.
name: Timmermans, R. G. E.
name: van Kolck, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the lifetime of the deuteron with dimension-nine quark operators that violate baryon number by two units. We construct an effective field theory for $|ΔB|=2$ interactions that give rise to neutron-antineutron ($n$-$\bar{n}$) oscillations and dinucleon decay within a consistent power counting. We calculate the ratio of the deuteron lifetime to the square of the $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillation time up to next-to-leading order. Our result, which is analytical and has a quantified uncertainty, is smaller by a factor $\simeq 2.5$ than earlier estimates based on nuclear models, which impacts the indirect bound on he $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillation time and future experiments. We discuss how combined measurements of $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillations and deuteron decay can help to identify the sources of baryon-number violation.
Quantum shock waves in the Heisenberg XY model
Creators: name: Popkov, Vladislav
name: Salerno, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the existence of quantum states of the Heisenberg XY chain which closely follow the motion of the corresponding semi-classical ones, and whose evolution resemble the propagation of a shock wave in a fluid. These states are exact solutions of the Schroedinger equation of the XY model and their classical counterpart are simply domain walls or soliton-like solutions.
description: 15 pages,6 figures
Photocatalytic reduction activity from Enhanced photoreduction CO2 efficiency by criss-crossed TiO2 nanoflakes combined with CdS under visible light
Creators: name: Wang, Fei
name: Juangang Wang
name: Yunhuan Cheng
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: In this paper, a novel photocatalyst CNCC with excellent visible light photocatalytic performance was successfully prepared to optimize the CO2 photoreduction performance. The results showed that the methanol formation rate of CNCC was 24.7 µmol g−1 h−1, which was 1.42 times higher than that of NCC. The enhanced photoactivity is attributed to the rapid propagation of charge carriers induced by light from the constructed composite structure.
ISHLAB CHIQARISHDA RAQOBAT TO'G'RISIDA.
Creators: name: Boboyev, Abror
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ishlab chiqarishdagi raqobat bozor iqtisodiyotining ajralmas qismidir. Globallashuv va yangi texnologiyalarning rivojlanishi sharoitida raqobat kuchayib, murakkablashib bormoqda. Bu ishlab chiqaruvchilardan doimiy ravishda raqobatbardoshligini oshirish uchun yangi imkoniyatlar izlashni talab qiladi.
Critical renormalized coupling constants in the symmetric phase of the Ising models
Creators: name: Kim, Jae-Kwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a novel finite size scaling Monte Carlo method, we calculate the four, six and eight point renormalized coupling constants defined at zero momentum in the symmetric phase of the three dimensional Ising system. The results of the 2D Ising system that were directly measured are also reported. Our values of the six and eight point coupling constants are significantly different from those obtained from other methods.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Three-Dimensional Structures of PDE4D in Complex with Roliprams and Implication on Inhibitor Selectivity
Creators: name: Kim, Hwa-Young
name: Ke, Hengming
name: Wang, Huanchen
name: Liu, Yudong
name: Huai, Qing
name: Sun, Yingjie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: AbstractSelective inhibitors against the 11 families of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are used to treat various human diseases. How the inhibitors selectively bind the conserved PDE catalytic domains is unknown. The crystal structures of the PDE4D2 catalytic domain in complex with (R)- or (R,S)-rolipram suggest that inhibitor selectivity is determined by the chemical nature of amino acids and subtle conformational changes of the binding pockets. The conformational states of Gln369 in PDE4D2 may play a key role in inhibitor recognition. The corresponding Y329S mutation in PDE7 may lead to loss of the hydrogen bonds between rolipram and Gln369 and is thus a possible reason explaining PDE7's insensitivity to rolipram inhibition. Docking of the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil into the PDE4 catalytic pocket further helps understand inhibitor selectivity.
Ballistic Four-Terminal Josephson Junction: Bistable States and Magnetic Flux Transfer
Creators: name: Omelyanchouk, A. N.
name: Zareyan, Malek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The macroscopic quantum interference effects in ballistic Josephson microstructures are investigated. The studied system consists of four bulk superconductors (terminals) which are weakly coupled through the mesoscopic rectangular normal metal (two dimensional electron gas). We show that nonlocal electrodynamics of ballistic systems leads to specific current-phase relations for the mesoscopic multiterminal Josephson junction. The nonlocal coupling of supercurrents produces the "dragging" effect for phases of the superconducting order parameter in different terminals. The composite Josephson junction, based on this effect, exhibits the two -level system behaviour controlled by the external magnetic flux. The effect of magnetic flux transfer in a system of nonlocally coupled superconducting rings is studied.
description: 12pages LaTex, 6 figures; e-mail: omelyanchouk@ilt.kharkov.ua
Configurational Electronic States in Layered Metallic Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Vodeb, Jaka
name: Kabanov, Viktor V.
name: Gerasimenko, Yaroslav A.
name: Venturini, Rok
name: Ravnik, Jan
name: van Midden, Marion A.
name: Zupanič, Erik
name: Šutar, Petra
name: Mihailovic, Dragan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mesoscopic irregularly ordered and even amorphous self-assembled electronic structures were recently reported in two-dimensional metallic dichalcogenides (TMDs), created and manipulated with short light pulses or by charge injection. Apart from promising new all-electronic memory devices, such states are of great fundamental importance, since such aperiodic states cannot be described in terms of conventional charge-density-wave (CDW) physics. In this paper we address the problem of metastable mesoscopic configurational charge ordering in TMDs with a sparsely filled charged lattice gas model in which electrons are subject only to screened Coulomb repulsion. The model correctly predicts commensurate CDW states corresponding to different TMDs at magic filling fractions $f_m=1/3,1/4,1/9,1/13,1/16$. Doping away from $f_m$ results either in multiple near-degenerate configurational states, or an amorphous state at the correct density observed by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Quantum fluctuations between degenerate states predict a quantum charge liquid at low temperatures, revealing a new generalized viewpoint on both regular, irregular and amorphous charge ordering in transition metal dichalcogenides.
description: 32 pages, 5 figures
Priorities for infectious disease research in Ghana and Kenya
Creators: name: Edem M. A. Tette
name: Okwaro, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 160508 Health Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 111711 Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)
subject: 110802 Medical Infection Agents (incl. Prions)

description: Topical issues of public health importance were discussed at a round-table workshop, funded by the University of Southampton, UK. The workshop took place in Accra from 14-15 August 2018 with a focus on infectious disease research priorities for Ghana and Kenya. This workshop brought together colleagues from a wide range of health disciplines and institutions from across Ghana, Kenya and the UK. Apart from identifying and discussing the priorities for research in infectious diseases, the workshop was intended to improve collaboration between the global south and global north, as well as promote African-led priority-setting and defining of health needs. Attendees included Ghanaian-based stakeholders from academia, the Ghana Health Service (GHS), policy and advocacy groups. The others were four participants in academia from the University of Southampton, UK, and four invited colleagues from Kenya with expertise including health policy, translation of research evidence into policy and health research. The topics were discussed in themed sessions - antimicrobial resistance, maternal and child health, digital health, research during public health emergencies, and translating research evidence into policy. At the end of every session, specific research questions and topics were produced for consideration as research and policy priorities in Ghana and Kenya.
Coherence properties of a continuous atom laser
Creators: name: Castin, Yvan
name: Dum, Ralph
name: Mandonnet, Emmanuel
name: Minguzzi, Anna
name: Carusotto, Iacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the coherence properties of an atomic beam evaporatively cooled in a magnetic guide, assuming thermal equilibrium in the quantum degenerate regime. The gas experiences two-dimensional, transverse Bose-Einstein condensation rather than a full three-dimensional condensation because of the very elongated geometry of the magnetic guide. First order and second order correlation functions of the atomic field are used to characterize the coherence properties of the gas along the axis of the guide. The coherence length of the gas is found to be much larger than the thermal de Broglie wavelength in the strongly quantum degenerate regime. Large intensity fluctuations present in the ideal Bose gas model are found to be strongly reduced by repulsive atomic interactions; this conclusion is obtained with a one-dimensional classical field approximation valid when the temperature of the gas is much higher than its chemical potential, k_B T >> |mu|.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Journal of Modern Optics
Determination of the correlation length from short-time dynamics
Creators: name: Jaster, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the short-time dynamic relaxation of the two-dimensional XY model in the high temperature phase. Starting from the ordered state, we measure the autocorrelation function and determine the autocorrelation time. It is shown that apart from a constant the equilibrium spatial correlation length can be calculated in this way.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Charge and Light Production in the Charge Readout System of a Dual Phase LAr TPC
Creators: name: Lux, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the future neutrino oscillation experiment DUNE, liquid argon time projections chambers with a fiducial mass of 10 kton each are foreseen. The dual phase concept is one of the two implementations considered, wherein electrons produced by ionization in the liquid are extracted to a gaseous region above the liquid where they are amplified. For the amplification, large electron multipliers will be used. The technology was tested in various prototypes, most recently with a 3 x 1 x 1 m$^3$ large setup. An even larger prototype of 6 x 6 x 6 m$^3$ is currently being constructed and will start operation in 2019. An intensive R\&D program was carried out with the focus on achieving an effective gain of at least 20. In the simulation study here presented for the first time not only the electron signal is considered but also the ion backflow and the expected production of secondary scintillation light is studied, because the latter might limit the capability of the detector to trigger on low energetic no-beam physics. It is found that the ion backflow and the light yield can be expected to be very large. The results for the effective gain show a discrepancy with experimental data, both in size and shape of the gain curve. Based on literature studies, it is argued that photon feedback contributes to the gain in detectors filled with pure noble gases, especially in the case of pure argon.
description: Submitted to JINST
The Focal Adhesion Targeting Domain of Focal Adhesion Kinase Contains a Hinge Region that Modulates Tyrosine 926 Phosphorylation
Creators: name: King, Michelle L
name: Prutzman, Kirk C
name: Campbell, Sharon L
name: Mueller, Geoffrey A
name: Iyer, Vidhya V
name: Gao, Guanghua
name: Schaller, Michael D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: AbstractThe focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is critical for recruitment of FAK to focal adhesions and contains tyrosine 926, which, when phosphorylated, binds the SH2 domain of Grb2. Structural studies have shown that the FAT domain is a four-helix bundle that exists as a monomer and a dimer due to domain swapping of helix 1. Here, we report the NMR solution structure of the avian FAT domain, which is similar in overall structure to the X-ray crystal structures of monomeric forms of the FAT domain, except that loop 1 is longer and less structured in solution. Residues in this region undergo temperature-dependent exchange broadening and sample aberrant phi and psi angles, which suggests that this region samples multiple conformations. We have also identified a mutant that dimerizes ∼8 fold more than WT FAT domain and exhibits increased phosphorylation of tyrosine 926 both in vitro and in vivo.
Scaling Behavior and Structure of Denatured Proteins
Creators: name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Jha, Ramesh K.
name: Ding, Feng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: An ensemble of random-coil conformations with no persistent structures has long been accepted as the classical model of denatured proteins due to its consistency with the experimentally determined scaling of protein sizes. However, recent NMR spectroscopy studies on proteins at high chemical denaturant concentrations suggest the presence of significant amounts of native-like structures, in contrast to the classical random-coil picture. To reconcile these seemingly controversial observations, we examine thermally denatured states of experimentally characterized proteins by using molecular dynamics simulations. For all studied proteins, we find that denatured states indeed have strong local conformational bias toward native states while a random-coil power law scaling of protein sizes is preserved. In addition, we explain why experimentally determined size of the protein creatine kinase does not follow general scaling. In simulations, we observe that this protein exhibits a stable intermediate state, the size of which is consistent with the reported experimental observation.
Wavenumber Selection in Pattern Forming Systems
Creators: name: Saxena, S.
name: Kosterlitz, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wavenumber selection in pattern forming systems remains a long standing puzzle in physics. Previous studies have shown that external noise is a possible mechanism for wavenumber selection. We conduct an extensive numerical study of the noisy stabilized Kuramoto Sivashinsky equation. We use a fast spectral method of integration, which enables us to investigate long time behavior for large system sizes that could not be investigated by earlier work. We find that a state with a unique wavenumber has the highest probability of occurring at very long times. We also find that this state is independent of the strength of the noise and initial conditions, thus making a convincing case for the role of noise as a mechanism of state selection.
description: Additional references added, section 3 expanded, results unchanged
Latest results on astroparticle physics with H.E.S.S
Creators: name: Rinchiuso, Lucia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is pursuing a rich observational program in astroparticle physics. The latest results from H.E.S.S. on the search for dark matter towards the Galactic Center and dwarf galaxies, the test of Lorentz invariance, and the measurement of the cosmic-ray electron spectrum are presented.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Proceeding of 30th Rencontres De Blois
Structures of the N-Terminal and Middle Domains of E. coli Hsp90 and Conformation Changes upon ADP Binding
Creators: name: Wang, Huanchen
name: Liu, Yudong
name: Ke, Hengming
name: Huai, Qing
name: Kim, Hwa-Young
name: Toft, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Hsp90 is an abundant molecular chaperone involved in many biological systems. We report here the crystal structures of the unliganded and ADP bound fragments containing the N-terminal and middle domains of HtpG, an E. coli Hsp90. These domains are not connected through a flexible linker, as often portrayed in models, but are intimately associated with one another. The individual HtpG domains have similar folding to those of DNA gyrase B but assemble differently, suggesting somewhat different mechanisms for the ATPase superfamily. ADP binds to a subpocket of a large site that is jointly formed by the N-terminal and middle domains and induces conformational changes of the N-terminal domain. We speculate that this large pocket serves as a putative site for binding of client proteins/cochaperones. Modeling shows that ATP is not exposed to the molecular surface, thus implying that ATP activation of hsp90 chaperone activities is accomplished via conformational changes.
Topological Determinants of Protein Domain Swapping
Creators: name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Campbell, Sharon L.
name: Prutzman, Kirk C.
name: Ding, Feng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Protein domain swapping has been repeatedly observed in a variety of proteins and is believed to result from destabilization due to mutations or changes in environment. Based on results from our studies and others, we propose that structures of the domain-swapped proteins are mainly determined by their native topologies. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of seven different proteins, known to undergo domain swapping experimentally, under mildly denaturing conditions and found in all cases that the domain-swapped structures can be recapitulated by using protein topology in a simple protein model. Our studies further indicated that, in many cases, domain swapping occurs at positions around which the protein tends to unfold prior to complete unfolding. This, in turn, enabled prediction of protein structural elements that are responsible for domain swapping. In particular, two distinct domain-swapped dimer conformations of the focal adhesion targeting domain of focal adhesion kinase were predicted computationally and were supported experimentally by data obtained from NMR analyses.
An analytic model for mass transfer in binaries with arbitrary eccentricity, with applications to triple-star systems
Creators: name: Hamers, Adrian S.
name: Dosopoulou, Fani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most studies of mass transfer in binary systems assume circular orbits at the onset of Roche lobe overflow. However, there are theoretical and observational indications that mass transfer could occur in eccentric orbits. In particular, eccentricity could be produced via sudden mass loss and velocity kicks during supernova explosions, or Lidov-Kozai (LK) oscillations in hierarchical triple systems, or, more generally, secular evolution in multiple-star systems. However, current analytic models of eccentric mass transfer are faced with the problem that they are only well defined in the limit of very high eccentricities, and break down for less eccentric and circular orbits. This provides a major obstacle to implementing such models in binary and higher-order population synthesis codes, which are useful tools for studying the long-term evolution of a large number of systems. Here, we present a new analytic model to describe the secular orbital evolution of binaries undergoing conservative mass transfer. The main improvement of our model is that the mass transfer rate is a smoothly varying function of orbital phase, rather than a delta function centered at periapsis. Consequently, our model is in principle valid for any eccentricity, thereby overcoming the main limitation of previous works. We implement our model in an easy-to-use and publicly available code that can be used as a basis for implementations of our model into population synthesis codes. We investigate the implications of our model in a number of applications with circular and eccentric binaries, and triples undergoing LK oscillations.
description: Minor changes to match ApJ publication. 16 pages, 10 figures. Code can be found at https://github.com/hamers/emt
The Potts Fully Frustrated model: Thermodynamics, percolation and dynamics in 2 dimensions
Creators: name: Franzese, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Potts model diluted by fully frustrated Ising spins. The model corresponds to a fully frustrated Potts model with variables having an integer absolute value and a sign. This model presents precursor phenomena of a glass transition in the high-temperature region. We show that the onset of these phenomena can be related to a thermodynamic transition. Furthermore this transition can be mapped onto a percolation transition. We numerically study the phase diagram in 2 dimensions (2D) for this model with frustration and {\em without} disorder and we compare it to the phase diagram of $i)$ the model with frustration {\em and} disorder and of $ii)$ the ferromagnetic model. Introducing a parameter that connects the three models, we generalize the exact expression of the ferromagnetic Potts transition temperature in 2D to the other cases. Finally, we estimate the dynamic critical exponents related to the Potts order parameter and to the energy.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, new results
Psychiatric inpatient cost of care before and after admission at a residential subacute step-up/step-down mental health facility
Creators: name: Kinchin, Irina
name: Russell, Alex M T
name: Komla Tsey
name: Jago, Jon
name: Wintzloff, Thomas
name: Meurk, Carla
name: Doran, Christopher M
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Residential step-up/step-down services provide transitional care and reintegration into the community for individuals experiencing episodes of subacute mental illness. This study aims to examine psychiatric inpatient admissions, length of stay and per capita cost of care following the establishment of a step-up/step-down Prevention And Recovery Care (PARC) facility in regional Australia. Methods: Pragmatic before and after study set within a participatory action research methodology. The target sample comprised patients at a PARC facility over 15 months. Six-month individual level data prior to study entry, during, and over six months from study exit were examined using patient activity records. Costs were expressed in 2015–16AU$. Results: An audit included 192 people experiencing 243 episodes of care represented by males (58%), mean age 39.3 (SD =12.7), primary diagnosed with schizophrenia (48%) or mood disorders (30%). The cost of one day in a psychiatric inpatient unit was found to be comparable to an average of five treatment days in PARC; the mean cost difference per-bed day (AU$1,167) was associated with fewer and shorter inpatient stays. Reduced use of inpatient facility translated into an opportunity cost of improved patient flow equivalent to AU$12,555 per resident (bootstrapped 95% CI: $5,680-$19,280). More noticeable outcomes were observed among those who stayed in PARC for longer during index admission (rs=.16, p=.024), who have had more and lengthy inpatient stays (rs=.52, prs=.69, pp Conclusion: Efforts should be directed toward the adoption of cost effective alternatives to psychiatric inpatient facilities that provide comparable or improved patient outcomes.
Direct probing of the cluster structure in ${}^{12}$Be via $α$-knockout reaction
Creators: name: Lyu, Mengjiao
name: Yoshida, Kazuki
name: Kanada-En'yo, Yoshiko
name: Ogata, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Recent theoretical and experimental researches using proton-induced $α$-knockout reactions provide direct manifestation of $α$-cluster formation in nuclei. In recent and future experiments, $α$-knockout data are available for neutron-rich beryllium isotopes. In $^{12}$Be , rich phenomena are induced by the formation of $α$-clusters surrounded by neutrons, for instance, breaking of the neutron magic number $N=8$. Purpose: Our objective is to provide direct probing of the $α$-cluster formation in the $^{12}$Be target through associating the structure information obtained by a microscopic theory with the experimental observables of $α$-knockout reactions. Method: We formulate a new wave function of the Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-R{ö}pke (THSR) type for the structure calculation of ${}^{12}$Be nucleus and integrate it with the distorted wave impulse approximation framework for the $α$-knockout reaction calculation of $^{12}$Be$(p,pα)^{8}$He. Results: We reproduce the low-lying spectrum of the $^{12}$Be nucleus using the THSR wave function and discuss the cluster structure of the ground state. Based on the microscopic wave function, the optical potentials and $α$-cluster wave function are determined and utilized in the calculation of ${}^{12}$Be($p,pα$)${}^{8}$He reaction at 250 MeV. The possibility of probing the clustering state of $^{12}$Be through this reaction is demonstrated by analysis of the triple differential cross sections that are sensitively dependent on the $α$-cluster amplitude at the nuclear surface. Conclusions: This study provides a feasible approach to validate directly the theoretical predictions of clustering features in the $^{12}$Be nucleus through the $α$-knockout reaction.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Compaction of a granular material under cyclic shear
Creators: name: Nicolas, M.
name: Duru, P.
name: Pouliquen, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present experimental results concerning the compaction of a granular assembly of spheres under periodic shear deformation. The dynamic of the system is slow and continuous when the amplitude of the shear is constant, but exhibits rapid evolution of the volume fraction when a sudden change in shear amplitude is imposed. This rapid response is shown to be to be uncorrelated with the slow compaction process.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in European Physical Journal E