cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Desorptionsmessungen an fremdländischen Holzarten: Analyse nach dem Hailwood-Horrobin Sorptionsmodell
Creators: name: Popper, Rudolf
name: Niemz, Peter
name: Croptier, Stéphane
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2007
Subjects: HOLZINDUSTRIE + HOLZTECHNOLOGIE
ADSORPTION + ABSORPTION + DESORPTION
HOLZARTEN (HOLZINDUSTRIE)
TIMBER INDUSTRY + TIMBER TECHNOLOGY
WOOD SPECIES (TIMBER INDUSTRY)
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/690
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620
Buildings
Engineering & allied operations

description: Int. Bericht ETHZ/IfB, 42
Depictions of African-American women in "JET" magazine, 1953--2006
Creators: name: Dawson-Andoh, Nana
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Media depictions of thin women have been increasing for the past 30 years. Previous research has shown that repeated exposure to the thin feminine ideal portrayed in the media may lead women to internalize this idealized stereotype. Such internalization produces increased body dissatisfaction through the setting of unrealistic body goals. This study sought to discover if the trend towards a thinner ideal for women observed in mainstream magazines is also evident in one form of African-American media: JET magazine. Results indicate that JET models had larger body sizes but also had decreased curvaceousness over time. This suggests a contradiction of the mainstream trend towards thinner female beauty ideals, and a concurrence with the mainstream media's emphasis on more tubular body shapes. The results of this study provide new insights into the African-American media's portrayal of feminine beauty.
Effect of gap size on magnetorheological device design
Creators: name: Cowin, Jason N.
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Magnetic brakes
Magnetorheological fluids

description: This research aims to reduce the discrepancies between simulation and experimental torque outputs in magnetorheological brake devices. A key material property used in these simulations is the relationship between yield stress and the magnet field strength. Commercial magnetorheological fluids often have this relationship measured with a fluid gap size of 0.039", yet may be used in gaps smaller than 0.0025". To investigate if the gap size is effecting this relationship a custom rheometer was designed and manufactured with an adjustable gap size. The first experiment was run with a 0.039" gap and validated the published results. The second experiment was run with a 0.010" gap and found that the yield stress of the fluid increased compared 0.039" gap. The third experiment was run with a 0.0025" gap and found that the yield stress of the fluid was lower than both other gap sizes. The results from the 0.010" gap were used to simulate the torque output of a magnetorheological drum brake with the same gap size. The max error from the simulations dropped from 20% using the 0.039" gap data to 6% using the 0.010" gap data. The results from the 0.0025" gap were used to simulate the torque output of a magnetorheological disk brake with the same gap size. The max error from the simulations increased from 38% using the 0.039" gap data to 65% using the 0.0025" gap data. This research shows that torque simulations can be improved by using data collected at a similar sized gap. When the gap gets extremely small, ≈ 0.0025", this doesn't hold as other factors like particle separation or aggregation may be causing significant effects. Using this research, magnetorheological devices can be better optimized by using the yield stress relationships measured at the device gap. With more research, particle aggregation or separation may be controlled and allow these magnetorheological brakes a larger dynamic range of torques.
Muscle activity and rehabilitation in spinal stenosis (MARSS) after conservative therapy and surgical decompression with or without fusion : protocol for a partially randomized patient preference trial on rehabilitation timing
Creators: name: Kurz, Eduard
name: Schenk, Philipp
name: Brakopp, Florian Hans
name: Diers, Moritz
name: Klingel, Oliver
name: Bone, Stefan
name: Meisel, Hans-Jörg
name: Delank, Karl-Stefan
name: Ulrich, Bernard W.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Patients affected by lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) suffer from a multifactorial degeneration of the lumbar spine resulting in narrowing of the neuroforamina and spinal canal, leading to various functional limitations. It remains unclear whether LSS patients after surgery would benefit from early post-operative rehabilitation, or if a delayed rehabilitation would be more advantageous. The purpose of this partially randomized patient preference trial is to evaluate the impact of post-operative rehabilitation timing as well as surgical intervention type on psychometric properties and functional outcomes in patients with LSS. Methods: Data for this patient preference trial are collected before and after surgical (decompression only or decompression and fusion) and rehabilitative interventions as well as six, 12 and 24 months after completing rehabilitation. The study participants are patients diagnosed with LSS who are at least 18 years old. After a medical check-up, participants will complete patient-reported outcome measures (PAREMO-20, SIBAR, FREM-8, SF-12, SFI, ODI) and different functional assessments (functional reach test, loaded reach test, handgrip strength, standing balance control, 6-min walk test). Ethics and dissemination: The results of this study will be published through peer-reviewed publications and scientific contributions at national and international conferences. This research has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (reference number: 2022-128).
Large-scale assessment of physical activity in a population using high-resolution hip-worn accelerometry : the German National Cohort (NAKO)
Creators: name: Weber, Andrea
name: Van Hees, Vincent T.
name: Stein, Michael J.
name: Gastell, Sylvia
name: Steindorf, Karen
name: Herbolsheimer, Florian
name: Ostrzinski, Stefan
name: Pischon, Tobias
name: Brandes, Mirko
name: Krist, Lilian
name: Marschollek, Michael
name: Greiser, Karin Halina
name: Brenner, Hermann
name: Holleczek, Bernd
name: Koch, Lena
name: Kluttig, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Large population-based cohort studies utilizing device-based measures of physical activity are crucial to close important research gaps regarding the potential protective effects of physical activity on chronic diseases. The present study details the quality control processes and the derivation of physical activity metrics from 100 Hz accelerometer data collected in the German National Cohort (NAKO). During the 2014 to 2019 baseline assessment, a subsample of NAKO participants wore a triaxial ActiGraph accelerometer on their right hip for seven consecutive days. Auto-calibration, signal feature calculations including Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) and Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD), identification of non-wear time, and imputation, were conducted using the R package GGIR version 2.10-3. A total of 73,334 participants contributed data for accelerometry analysis, of whom 63,236 provided valid data. The average ENMO was 11.7 ± 3.7 mg (milli gravitational acceleration) and the average MAD was 19.9 ± 6.1 mg. Notably, acceleration summary metrics were higher in men than women and diminished with increasing age. Work generated in the present study will facilitate harmonized analysis, reproducibility, and utilization of NAKO accelerometry data. The NAKO accelerometry dataset represents a valuable asset for physical activity research and will be accessible through a specified application process.
Development and Validation of a Genomic Knowledge Scale to Advance Informed Decision-Making Research in Genomic Sequencing
Creators: name: Rini, Christine
name: Roche, Myra I
name: Leos, Cristina
name: Langer, Michelle M
name: Khan, Cynthia M
name: Brown, Michelle
name: Brewer, Noel T
name: Berg, Jonathan S
name: Moore, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2017

description:
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a new, comprehensive measure of knowledge about genomic sequencing, the University of North Carolina Genomic Knowledge Scale (UNC-GKS). METHODS: The UNC-GKS assesses knowledge in four domains thought to be critical for informed decision making about genomic sequencing. The scale was validated using classical test theory and item response theory in 286 adult patients and 132 parents of pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic whole exome sequencing (WES) in the NCGENES study. RESULTS: The UNC-GKS assessed a single underlying construct (genomic knowledge) with good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90). Scores were most informative (able to discriminate between individuals with different levels of genomic knowledge) at one standard deviation above the scale mean or lower, a range that included most participants. Convergent validity was supported by associations with health literacy and numeracy (rs=0.41-0.46). The scale functioned well across subgroups differing in sex, race/ethnicity, education, and English proficiency. DISCUSSION: Findings supported the promise of the UNC-GKS as a valid and reliable measure of genomic knowledge among people facing complex decisions about WES and comparable sequencing methods. It is neither disease- nor population-specific, and it functioned well across important subgroups, making it usable in diverse populations.
Harnessing artificial intelligence for enhanced renal analysis : automated detection of hydronephrosis and precise kidney segmentation
Creators: name: Alexa, Radu
name: Kranz, Jennifer
name: Kramann, Rafael
name: Kuppe, Christoph
name: Sanyal, Ritabrata
name: Hayat, Sikander
name: Murillo, Luis Felipe Casas
name: Hajili, Turkan
name: Hoffmann, Marco
name: Saar, Matthias
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background and objective: Hydronephrosis is essential in the diagnosis of renal colic. We automated the detection of hydronephrosis from ultrasound images to standardize the therapy and reduce the misdiagnosis of renal colic. Methods: Anonymously collected ultrasound images of human kidneys, both normal and hydronephrotic, were preprocessed for neural networks. Six ‘‘state of the art’’ models were trained and cross-validated for the detection of hydronephrosis, and two convolutional networks were used for kidney segmentation. In the testing phase, performance metrics included true positives, true negatives, false positives, false negatives, accuracy, and F1 score, while the evaluation of the segmentation task involved accuracy, precision, dice, jaccard, recall, and ASSD. Key findings and limitations: A total of 523 sonographic kidney images (423 nonhydronephrotic and 100 hydronephrotic) were collected from three different ultrasound devices. After training on this dataset, all models were used to evaluate 200 new ultrasound kidney images (142 nonhydronephrotic and 58 hydronephrotic kidneys). The highest validation accuracy (98.5%) was achieved by the AlexNet model (GoogLeNet 97%, AlexNet_v2 96%, ResNet50 96%, ResNet101 97.5%, and ResNet152 95%). The deeplabv3_resnet50 and deeplabv3_resnet101 reached a dice coefficient of 94.74% and 94.48%, respectively, on the task of automated kidney segmentation. The study is limited by analyzing only hydronephrosis, but this specific focus enabled high detection accuracy. Conclusions and clinical implications: We show that our automated ultrasound deep learning model can be trained and used to interpret and segmentate ultrasound images from different sources with high accuracy. This method will serve as an automated tool in the diagnostic algorithm of acute renal failure in the future. Patient summary: Hydronephrosis is crucial in the diagnosis of renal colic. Recent advances in artificial intelligence allow automated detection of hydronephrosis in ultrasound images with high accuracy. These methods will help standardize the diagnosis and treatment renal colic.
The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on community non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections in preschool children
Creators: name: Klee, Biancav
name: Diexer, Sophie
name: Horn, Johannes
name: Langer, Susan
name: Wende, Marie
name: Ortiz, Diego
name: Bielecka, Agata
name: Strowig, Till
name: Mikolajczyk, Rafael
name: Gottschick, Cornelia
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic were mainly studied for severe outcomes. Among children, most of the burden of respiratory infections is related to infections which are not medically attended. The perspective on infections in the community setting is necessary to understand the effects of the pandemic on non-pharmaceutical interventions. Methods: In the unique prospective LoewenKIDS cohort study, we compared the true monthly incidence of selfreported acute respiratory infections (ARI) in about 350 participants (aged 3–4 years old) between October 2019 to March 2020 (pre-pandemic period) and October 2020 to March 2021 (pandemic period). Parents reported children’s symptoms using a diary. Parents were asked to take a nasal swab of their child during all respiratory symptoms. We analysed 718 swabs using Multiplex PCR for 25 common respiratory viruses and bacteria. Results: During the pre-pandemic period, on average 44.6% (95% CI: 39.5–49.8%) of children acquired at least one ARI per month compared to 19.9% (95% CI: 11.1–28.7%) during the pandemic period (Incidence Rate Ratio = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.41–0.54). The detection of influenza virus decreased absolute by 96%, respiratory syncytial virus by 65%, metapneumovirus by 95%, parainfluenza virus by 100%, human enterovirus by 96% and human bocavirus by 70% when comparing the pre-pandemic to the pandemic period. However, rhinoviruses were nearly unaffected by NPI. Co-detection (detection of more than one virus in a single symptomatic swab) was common in the pre-pandemic period (222 of 390 samples with viral detection; 56.9%) and substantially less common during the pandemic period (46 of 216 samples; 21.3%). Conclusion Non-pharmaceutical interventions strongly reduced the incidence of all respiratory infections in preschool children but did not affect rhinovirus.
Functional analysis of postural spinal and pelvic parameters using static and dynamic spinometry
Creators: name: Bode, Tobias
name: Zoroofchi, Schima
name: Vettorazzi, Eik
name: Droste, Jan-Niklas
name: Welsch, Götz
name: Schwesig, René
name: Marshall, Robert Percy
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Spinometry is a radiation-free method to three-dimensional spine imaging that provides additional information about the functional gait patterns related to the pelvis and lower extremities. This radiation-free technology uses the surface topography of the trunk to analyze surface asymmetry and identify bony landmarks, thereby aiding the assessment of spinal deformity and supporting long-term treatment regimes. Especially reliable dynamic spinometric data for spine and pelvis are necessary to evaluate the management of non-specific back pain. Research aim: This study aims to generate reliable dynamic spinometric data for spine and pelvis parameters that can serve as reference data for future studies and clinical practice. Methods: This study assessed 366 subjects (185 females) under static and 360 subjects (181 females) under dynamic (walking on a treadmill at 3 km/h and 5 km/h) conditions. The DIERS Formetric 4Dmotion® system uses stripes of light to detect the surface topography of the spine and pelvis and identifies specific landmarks to analyze the spine during standing and walking. Results: Relevant gender effects were calculated for lordotic angle (ηp2 = 0.22) and pelvic inclination (ηp2 = 0.26). Under static conditions, female subjects showed larger values for both parameters (lordotic angle: 41.6 ± 8.60◦; pelvic inclination: 25.5 ± 7.49◦). Regarding speed effects, three relevant changes were observed (sagittal imbalance: ηp2 = 0.74, kyphotic angle: ηp2 = 0.13, apical deviation: ηp2 = 0.11). The most considerable changes were observed between static condition and 3 km/h, especially for sagittal imbalance and lordotic angle. For these parameters, relevant effect sizes (d > 0.8) were calculated between static and 3 km/h for males and females. Concerning clinical vertebral parameters, only lordotic angle and pelvic inclination were correlated with each other (r = 0.722). Conclusion: This study generated a gender-specific reference database of asymptomatic individuals for static and dynamic spinometry. It demonstrated that the DIERS Formetric 4Dmotion ® system could capture natural changes in static and dynamic situations and catalogue functional adaptations of spino-pelvic statics at different speeds. The lordotic angle is an indirect marker of pelvic inclination, allowing spinometry to identify individuals at risk even under dynamic conditions.
A single dose of AC102 restores hearing in a guinea pig model of noise-induced hearing loss to almost prenoise levels
Creators: name: Rommelspacher, Hans-Josef
name: Bera, Sujoy
name: Brommer, Benedikt
name: Ward, Rachael
name: Kwiatkowska, Monika
name: Zygmunt, Tomasz
name: Theden, Florian
name: Üsekes, Berk
name: Eren, Neriman
name: Nieratschker, Michael
name: Arnoldner, Christoph
name: Plontke, Stefan K.-R.
name: Hellmann-Regen, Julian
name: Schlingensiepen, Reimar
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Although sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a serious condition, there are currently no approved drugs for its treatment. Nevertheless, there is a growing understanding that the cochlear pathologies that underlie SSNHL include apoptotic death of sensory outer hair cells (OHCs) as well as loss of ribbon synapses connecting sensory inner hair cells (IHCs) and neurites of the auditory nerve, designated synaptopathy. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common subtype of SSNHL and is widely used to model hearing loss preclinically. Here, we demonstrate that a single interventive application of a small pyridoindole molecule (AC102) into the middle ear restored auditory function almost to prenoise levels in a guinea pig model of NIHL. AC102 prevented noise-triggered loss of OHCs and reduced IHC synaptopathy suggesting a role of AC102 in reconnecting auditory neurons to their sensory target cells. Notably, AC102 exerted its therapeutic properties over a wide frequency range. Such strong improvements in hearing have not previously been demonstrated for other therapeutic agents. In vitro experiments of a neuronal damage model revealed that AC102 protected cells from apoptosis and promoted neurite growth. These effects may be explained by increased production of adenosine triphosphate, indicating improved mitochondrial function, and reduced levels of reactive-oxygen species which prevents the apoptotic processes responsible for OHC death. This action profile of AC102 might be causal for the observed hearing recovery in in vivo models.
Die Einflüsse der Holzextraktstoffe auf das technologische Verhalten von Holz, insbesondere in bezug auf die Verleimung
Creators: name: Popper, Rudolf
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 1974
Subjects: LEIMVERBINDUNGEN (HOLZINDUSTRIE)
EXTRAKTIVSTOFFE AUS HOLZ + HOLZEXTRAKTION (FORSTERZEUGNISSE)
HOLZEIGENSCHAFTEN + HOLZPRÜFUNG (HOLZINDUSTRIE)
KERNHOLZ + SPLINTHOLZ (HOLZSTRUKTUR)
GLUED WOOD JOINTS (TIMBER INDUSTRY)
WOOD EXTRACTIVES + WOOD EXTRACTION (FOREST PRODUCTS)
WOOD PROPERTIES + WOOD TESTING (TIMBER INDUSTRY)
HEARTWOOD + SAPWOOD (WOOD STRUCTURE)
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/630
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620
Agriculture
Engineering & allied operations

description: SAH Bulletin, 3
Systematic review on effects of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on brain activation assessed by fMRI
Creators: name: Sadvandi, Gelareh
name: Kianfar, Amir Ehsan
name: Becker, Kathrin
name: Heinzel, Alexander
name: Wolf, Michael
name: Yekta-Michael, Sareh Said
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Orthodontic treatment is often accompanied by discomfort and pain in patients, which are believed to be a result of orthodontic tooth displacement caused by the mechanical forces exerted by the orthodontic appliances on the periodontal tissues. These lead to change blood oxygen level dependent response in related brain regions. Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the impact of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on alterations in central nervous system activation assessed by tasked based and resting state fMRI. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using online databases, following PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. Selected studies utilized magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brain activity changes in healthy participants after the insertion of orthodontic appliances. Results: The initial database screening resulted in 791 studies. Of these, 234 were duplicates and 547 were deemed irrelevant considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the ten remaining potential relevant studies, two were excluded during full‐text screening. Eight prospective articles were eligible for further analysis. The included studies provided evidence of the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatment, pain perception, and brain function. All of the participants in the included studies employed orthodontic separators in short‐term experiments to induce tooth displacement during the early stage of orthodontic treatment. Alterations in brain activation were observed in brain regions, functional connectivity and brain networks, predominantly affecting regions implicated in nociception (thalamus, insula), emotion (insula, frontal areas), and cognition (frontal areas, cerebellum, default mode network). Conclusions: The results suggest that orthodontic treatment influences beyond the pain matrix and affects other brain regions including the limbic system. Furthermore, understanding the orthodontically induced brain activation can aid in development of targeted pain management strategies that do not adversely affect orthodontic tooth movement. Due to the moderate to serious risk of bias and the heterogeneity among the included studies, further clinical trials on this subject are recommended.
Zur Dimensionsstabilisierung des Holzes
Creators: name: Popper, Rudolf
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 1973
Subjects: HOLZ-WERKSTOFFE (HOLZINDUSTRIE)
FORMÄNDERUNG IN BEZUG AUF VOLUMEN (ELASTOMECHANIK)
MEHRSCHICHTIGE HOLZKONSTRUKTIONEN (HOLZBAU)
HOLZIMPRÄGNIERUNG (HOLZINDUSTRIE)
WOOD MATERIALS (TIMBER INDUSTRY)
DEFORMATION IN RELATION TO THE VOLUME (ELASTOMECHANICS)
MULTI-LAYERED WOOD STRUCTURES (TIMBER CONSTRUCTION)
WOOD IMPREGNATION (TIMBER INDUSTRY)
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/630
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620
Agriculture
Engineering & allied operations

description: SAH Bulletin, 1
An investigation into the pumping properties of diatom biosilica thin films
Creators: name: Jarrett, Hunter Maxsam
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Microfluidic Analytical Techniques
Microfluidic devices
Pumping machinery
Thin Films

description: The accurate distribution of liquid in microfluidic devices is of paramount importance for correct functionality. Automated insulin delivery systems, particle separation devices, and certain chemical and biological sensors require specific flow rates to perform optimally. To accomplish the accurate and precise transport of liquid, a variety of microfluidic pumps have been developed, each with their own positive and negative attributes. A simple yet effective microfluidic pumping technique that has been studied over the last several decades mimics the same techniques plants use to transport liquid throughout their root systems by coupling capillary action with evaporation. Capillary action is used to fill a microfluidic device and drive fluid toward an orifice, while evaporation is used to maintain a continuous flow rate toward the orifice once the capillary network is filled. Specific constraints on the reservoir-orifice relationship are addressed in the theoretical section, but the orifice itself is typically an open capillary or a porous material capable of providing strong capillary pressure because of small pore spacing coupled with hydrophilic properties. Super-hydrophilic diatom biosilica thin films are ideal porous materials that can provide strong capillary pressure in a capillary-evaporation (CE) pump, and recent studies have demonstrated their ability to achieve near single-molecule detection of chemical and biological compounds in analyte solutions using microfluidic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). By coupling the detection and pumping properties of diatom biosilica, a simple and cost-effective device can be developed for widespread application. This thesis attempts to quantify the expected pumping properties of diatom thin films as a precursor to the creation of a self-pumping SERS device. The impacts of film size and temperature are measured in relatively stable ambient conditions and compared to a variety of theoretical models. Film improvement, pump limitations, and mathematical model attributes and deficiencies are addressed to maximize device detection levels.
Bajalus Lendenfeld 1885
Creators: name: Ereskovsky, Alexander V.
name: Lavrov, Dennis V.
name: Boury-Esnault, Nicole
name: Vacelet, Jean
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Chondrillida
Halisarcidae
Bajalus

description: Bajalus Lendenfeld, 1885
Diagnosis. Halisarcida in which the choanocyte chambers are tubular, branched, and wide mouthed. Larvae are incubated dispherulae (a larval form found only in Halisarca) with simple undifferentiated histology and cilia of uniform length. Skeleton is composed of fibrillar collagen only, there are no fibrous or mineral elements present; ectosomal and subectosomal collagen is highly organised and structurally diversified (modified from Bergquist & Cook 2002).
Type species: Halisarca dujardini Johnston, 1842: 192.
description: Published as part of Ereskovsky, Alexander V., Lavrov, Dennis V., Boury-Esnault, Nicole & Vacelet, Jean, 2011, Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Halisarca (Demospongiae: Halisarcida) from Mediterranean Sea and a redescription of the type species Halisarca dujardini, pp. 5-31 in Zootaxa 2768 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206842
A gold speciation that adds a second layer to synergistic gold-copper toxicity in Cupriavidus metallidurans
Creators: name: Hirth, Niklas
name: Wiesemann, Nicole
name: Krüger, Stephanie
name: Gerlach, Michelle-Sophie
name: Preußner, Kilian
name: Galeano Nuñez, Diana Carolina
name: Siemann-Herzberg, Martin
name: Große, Cornelia
name: Nies, Dietrich H.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 570

description: The metal-resistant bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans occurs in metal-rich environments. In auriferous soils, the bacterium is challenged by a mixture of copper ions and gold complexes, which exert synergistic toxicity. The previously used, self-made Au(III) solution caused a synergistic toxicity of copper and gold that was based on the inhibition of the CupA-mediated efflux of cytoplasmic Cu(I) by Au(I) in this cellular compartment. In this publication, the response of the bacterium to gold and copper was investigated by using a commercially available Au(III) solution instead of the self-made solution. The new solution was five times more toxic than the previously used one. Increased toxicity was accompanied by greater accumulation of gold atoms by the cells. The contribution of copper resistance determinants to the commercially available Au(III) solution and synergistic gold-copper toxicity was studied using single- and multiple-deletion mutants. The commercially available Au(III) solution inhibited periplasmic Cu(I) homeostasis, which is required for the allocation of copper ions to copper-dependent proteins in this compartment. The presence of the gene for the periplasmic Cu(I) and Au(I) oxidase, CopA, decreased the cellular copper and gold content. Transcriptional reporter gene fusions showed that up-regulation of gig, encoding a minor contributor to copper resistance, was strictly glutathione dependent. Glutathione was also required to resist synergistic gold-copper toxicity. The new data indicated a second layer of synergistic copper-gold toxicity caused by the commercial Au(III) solution, inhibition of the periplasmic copper homeostasis in addition to the cytoplasmic one.
Sleep-stage dependence and co-existence of cardio-respiratory coordination and phase synchronization
Creators: name: Ma, Yaopeng J. X.
name: Zschocke, Johannes
name: Glos, Martin
name: Kluge, Maria
name: Penzel, Thomas
name: Kantelhardt, Jan W.
name: Bartsch, Ronny P.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Interactions between the cardiac and respiratory systems play a pivotal role in physiological functioning. Nonetheless, the intricacies of cardio-respiratory couplings, such as cardio-respiratory phase synchronization (CRPS) and cardio-respiratory coordination (CRC), remain elusive, and an automated algorithm for CRC detection is lacking. This paper introduces an automated CRC detection algorithm, which allowed us to conduct a comprehensive comparison of CRPS and CRC during sleep for the first time using an extensive database. We found that CRPS is more sensitive to sleep-stage transitions, and intriguingly, there is a negative correlation between the degree of CRPS and CRC when fluctuations in breathing frequency are high. This comparative analysis holds promise in assisting researchers in gaining deeper insights into the mechanics of and distinctions between these two physiological phenomena. Additionally, the automated algorithms we devised have the potential to offer valuable insights into the clinical applications of CRC and CRPS.
The synthesiser role of expert modellers in multidisciplinary research projects: a practical guideline
Creators: name: Duminy, Lize
name: Peskova, Marie
Publisher: name: System Dynamics Society
Year: 2018

description: Traditional modelling frameworks applicable to system dynamics research projects do not offer enough practical insight on how best to deal with stakeholders in the research projects. Moreover, in contrast to facilitative modellers who widely share best practice recommendations, expert modellers almost exclusively focus on academic research dissemination. The unique contribution of this article is the adaptation of process consultation theory to expert modelling when used as a synthesiser in a multidisciplinary research project. The objectives of this study are to (1) define expert modellers within the context of this paper, (2) to review the available literature on facilitative modelling best practice (3) reflect on the process of an expert modeller within a multidisciplinary research from the perception of various stakeholders (4) recommend how process consultation practices can be adapted to the needs of expert modellers in multidisciplinary research projects. The way forward includes data validation and increasing sample size. The authors hope that this paper could spark a discussion about developing basic scripts for expert modellers similar to those available to group model builders.
Mit besserem Datenaustausch die Gesundheitskosten senken
Creators: name: Kim, Sang-Il
Publisher: name: Berner Fachhochschule BFH, Architektur, Holz und Bau/Technik und Informatik
Year: 2023

description: Das Spitalzentrum Biel (SZB) hat das Projekt «patient@home» gestartet, mit dem Patient*innen vermehrt zu Hause betreut werden sollen. Die Berner Fachhochschule BFH übernahm bei der Machbarkeitsstudie die Projektleitung. Grundsätzlich geht es um einen verbesserten Informationsaustausch zwischen den verschiedenen Gesundheitsinstitutionen. Das SZB will das Modell mittelfristig in den Regelbetrieb aufnehmen und damit auch einen Beitrag im Kampf gegen den Fachkräftemangel und zur Senkung der Gesundheitskosten leisten.
Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharides from kombucha samples of different origins
Creators: name: Hassler, Verena
name: Brand, Nele
name: Wefers, Daniel
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 540

description: Kombucha is prepared by fermenting sugared green or black tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). Some of the bacteria within the SCOBY are known to form exopolysaccharides (EPS) from sucrose. However, it is yet unknown whether water-soluble EPS are formed in kombucha, and if so, which specific EPS are present. Therefore, different kombucha samples were prepared by fermentation of green and black tea with SCOBYs from different manufacturers. Subsequently, the EPS were isolated and characterized by using various chromatographic methods, partial enzymatic hydrolyses and NMR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that levans with a varying degree of branching at position O1 (4.3–7.9 %) are present, while only trace amounts of glucans were detected. Furthermore, levans isolated from kombucha had a comparably low molecular weight and the content of levan within the kombucha samples varied from 33 to 562 mg levan/L kombucha. Therefore, our study demonstrated that levans are the main EPS type in kombucha and that levan amounts and structures varied when different starter cultures and ingredients were used. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive data set on the structural variability of levans from kombucha.
Increased molar ratio of free fatty acids to albumin in blood as cause and early biomarker for the development of cataracts and Alzheimer's disease
Creators: name: Glaesser, Dietmar
name: Iwig, Martin
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 540

description: Cataracts and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are closely linked and are associated with aging and with systemic diseases that increase the molar ratio of free fatty acids to albumin (mFAR) in the blood. From the results of our earlier studies on the development of senile cataracts and from results recently published in the literature on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, we suggest that there is a common lipotoxic cascade for both diseases, explaining the strong connection between aging, an elevated mFAR in the blood, cataract formation, and AD. Long-chain free fatty acids (FFA) are transported in the blood as FFA/albumin complexes. In young people, vascular albumin barriers in the eyes and brain, very similar in their structure and effect, reduce the FFA/albumin complex concentration from around 650 μmol/l in the blood to 1–3 μmol/l in the aqueous humour of the eyes as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain. At such low concentrations the fatty acid uptake of the target cells – lens epithelial and brain cells – rises with increasing FFA/albumin complex concentrations, especially when the fatty acid load of albumin molecules is mFAR>1. At higher albumin concentrations, for instance in blood plasma or the interstitial tissue spaces, the fatty acid uptake of the target cells becomes increasingly independent of the FFA/albumin complex concentration and is mainly a function of the mFAR (Richieri et al., 1993). In the blood plasma of young people, the mFAR is normally below 1.0. In people over 40 years old, aging increases the mFAR by decreasing the plasma concentration of albumin and enhancing the plasma concentrations of FFA. The increase in the mFAR in association with C6-unsaturated FFA are risk factors for the vascular albumin barriers (Hennig et al., 1984). Damage to the vascular albumin barrier in the eyes and brain increases the concentration of FFA/albumin complex in the aqueous humour as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and the death of lens epithelial and brain cells, the development of cataracts, and AD. An age-dependent increase in the concentration of FFA/albumin complex has been found in the aqueous humour of 177 cataract patients, correlating with the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic death of lens epithelial cells, lens opacification and cataracts (Iwig et al., 2004). Mitochondrial dysfunction is also an early crucial event in Alzheimer's pathology, closely connected with the generation of amyloid beta peptides (Leuner et al., 2012). Very recently, amyloid beta production has also been confirmed in the lenses of Alzheimer's patients, causing cataracts (Moncaster et al., 2022). In view of this, we propose that there is a common lipotoxic cascade for senile cataract formation and senile AD, initiated by aging and/or systemic diseases, leading to an mFAR>1 in the blood.
Size, shape, and stability of organic particles formed during freeze-thaw cycles : model experiments with tannic acid
Creators: name: Dultz, Stefan
name: Speth, Myriam
name: Kaiser, Klaus
name: Mikutta, Robert
name: Guggenberger, Georg
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 550

description: Hypothesis: Freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) in soils can cause the aggregation of dissolved organic matter but controlling factors are little understood. Experiments: In freeze–thaw experiments with tannic acid (TA) as model substance, we studied the effect of TA concentration, pH, electrolytes (NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3), and number of FTC on particle formation. Tannic acid (0.005 to 10 g L􀀀 1) was exposed to 1–20 FTC at pH 3 and 6. The size and shape of particles was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Particle stability was deduced from the equivalent circle diameter (ECD) obtained in dry state and the hydrodynamic diameter measured in thawing solutions. Findings: Tannic acid particles occurred as plates and veins, resembling the morphology of ice grain boundaries. Low pH and presence of electrolytes favored the formation of large particles. The freeze-concentration effect was most intense at low TA concentrations and increased with the number of FTC. While ECD of particles formed at low TA concentrations were smaller than at high concentrations, it was vice versa in the thawed state. At low TA concentrations, higher crystallization pressure of ice caused enhanced stability of large particles. We conclude that FTC can strongly alter the physical state of dissolved organic matter, with likely consequences for its bioavailability.
Atrypanius scutellatus Monné & Santos-Silva & Monné 2020, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
name: Santos-Silva, Antonio
name: Monné, Marcela L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Atrypanius
Atrypanius scutellatus

description: Atrypanius scutellatus (Bates, 1866), comb. nov.
Lepturges scutellatus Bates, 1866: 434.
Nyssodrysina scutellata; Monné, 1985: 547.
Type locality — Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas: São Paulo de Olivença (MNHN).
Distribution — Honduras, Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas), Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., Santos-Silva, Antonio & Monné, Marcela L., 2020, Key to South American genera of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) without erect setae on elytra; synonymies, transferences, revalidation, and notes on genera with erect setae on elytra, pp. 1-65 in Zootaxa 4863 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4416817
Icons for health effects of cigarette smoke: a test of semiotic type
Creators: name: Peters, Ellen
name: Vu, Huyen
name: Boynton, Marcella H.
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Lazard, Allison J.
name: Schmidt, Annie
name: Byron, M.  Justin
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2017

description:
We sought to identify icons to effectively communicate health harms of chemicals in cigarette smoke. Participants were a convenience sample of 701 U.S. adults. A within-subjects online experiment explored the effects of icon semiotic type: symbolic (arbitrary, most abstract), indexical, and iconic (representative, most concrete). Outcomes were perceived representation, affect toward smoking, elaboration, perceived severity, and perceived effectiveness. For not-easy-to-visualize harms of cancer and addiction, symbolic icons received the highest ratings (all p < .001). For easy-to-visualize symptoms of heart attack/stroke, indexical icons received the highest ratings (all p < .001). For easy-to-visualize harm of reproductive organ damage, the iconic image did best (all p < .001). Icon type often had a larger impact among participants with higher health literacy. Symbolic icons may be most effective for health effects not easily visualized. Iconic or indexical icons may be more effective for health effects attributable to specific body parts or symptoms.
Cleaning surfaces from food residues with pulsed laser
Creators: name: Cam, Peter
name: Sivillica, Fabio
name: Hänni, Simon
name: Orlando, Fabrizio
name: Ohr, Steffen
name: Schoelkopf, Joachim
name: Schwaller, Patrick
Year: 2019
Subjects: Surface Treatment
Laser Cleaning

description: Currently, cleaning of food residues is mostly performed with water-based technologies. In the future, however, waterfree methods such as treatments by laser could gain importance for achieving environmental sustainability. In this study the possibility of removing food residues on surfaces with nanosecond laser pulses is discussed. The investigation was limited to three substrates: stainless steel, ceramic and glass. Coatings of black tea, caramelized sugar and onion skin brew were selected as representative contamination layers. Laser treatment was performed with a pulsed nanosecond laser system at 1064 nm wavelength. Parameters for a thorough cleaning of the substrate without surface modification were found for black tea and onion skin brew coatings. It was found that only a little amount of laser irradiation is absorbed by the contamination and that the cleaning process is initiated mainly by the substrate’s heat up. Details of the removal process and approaches to remove also a (semi-) transparent sugar coating will be discussed.
The contribution of SARS-CoV-2 to the burden of acute respiratory infections in winter season 2022/2023 : results from the DigiHero study
Creators: name: Glaser, Nadine
name: Diexer, Sophie
name: Klee, Bianca
name: Purschke, Oliver
name: Binder, Mascha
name: Frese, Thomas
name: Girndt, Matthias
name: Höll, Jessica
name: Moor, Irene
name: Rosendahl, Jonas
name: Gekle, Michael
name: Sedding, Daniel
name: Mikolajczyk, Rafael
name: Gottschick, Cornelia
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Objectives: In winter of 2022/2023 SARS-CoV-2 had developed into one of many seasonal respiratory pathogens, causing an additional burden of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Although testing was still widely used, many positive tests were not reported for the official statistics. Using data from a population-based cohort, we aimed to investigate the contribution of SARS-CoV-2 to the burden of ARI. Methods: Over 70,0 0 0 participants of the German population-based DigiHero study were invited to a questionnaire about the number and time point of ARI and SARS-CoV-2 test results in winter 2022/2023. We calculated the incidence of non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ARI, the additional contri- bution of SARS-CoV-2, and extrapolated the age-specific estimates to obtain the total burden of SARS- CoV-2 in Germany. Results: For the winter of 2022/2023, 37,708 participants reported 54,813 ARIs, including 9358 SARS-CoV- 2 infections. This translated into a cumulative incidence of 145 infections/100 persons for all ARIs, 120 infections/100 persons for non-SARS ARI, and 25 infections/100 persons for SARS ARI ( + 21%). Conclusions: Our estimate for ARI related to SARS-CoV-2 is consistent with the difference in all ARI be- tween pre-pandemic years and 2022/2023. This additional burden should be considered, particularly, with respect to the implications for the work force.
Chemical control of rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) during summer fallow in eastern Washington
Creators: name: Fischer, Jacob W.
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Chondrilla (Plant : Compositae)--Control--Washington (State), Eastern
Eastern Washington (State)

description: Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) is a problematic weed for growers in the wheat-fallow regions of eastern Washington. Dense infestations result in major yield loss due to competition and inadequate soil moisture for wheat germination. Chondrilla juncea flourishes during the fallow year in the absence of crop competition. Summer fallow is a critical time to control C. juncea prior to planting winter wheat. Previous research on chemical control of C. juncea shows the effectiveness of synthetic auxin and sulfonylurea herbicides. However, these products are expensive when applied at rates adequate for control of C. juncea in fallow, or leave chemical residue in the soil that can have damaging effects on a future crop. A weed-sensing sprayer was used to evaluate the role of increased spot-spraying rates for control of a perennial weed, and an economic analysis was done to compare application cost through the weed-sensing sprayer to a broadcast sprayer. Several different synthetic auxin herbicides and a sulfonylurea were applied to C. juncea on fallow ground. When populations of C. juncea were sparse, the weed-sensing sprayer allowed for good control while simultaneously reducing the cost of application in comparison to broadcast spray application. Dense populations resulted in economic loss due to increased rates used through the weed-sensing sprayer. A separate greenhouse study related to fallow management of C. juncea was conducted in order to evaluate the interaction in tank-mixtures of aminopyralid or clopyralid with glyphosate. Results of the study conclude that additive or synergistic interactions occur between aminopyralid or clopyralid and glyphosate when applied to C. juncea. Growers interested in using glyphosate for the control of other weeds in summer fallow can tank mix glyphosate with aminopyralid or clopyralid without fearing a loss of efficacy on C. juncea.
A response from Morgan, Byron, Baig, Stepanov and Brewer
Creators: name: Baig, Sabeeh A.
name: Byron, M. Justin
name: Stepanov, Irina
name: Morgan, Jennifer C.
name: Brewer, Noel T.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2017

description:
People are using a wider variety of tobacco products. Cigarette smoking remains the most common by far, but use of e-cigarettes, hookah and other tobacco products is on the rise (Kasza et al., <a id="ref-link-section-d56654730e369" title="Kasza, K. A., Ambrose, B. K., Conway, K. P., et al. (2017). Tobacco-product use by adults and youths in the United States in 2013 and 2014. New England Journal of Medicine, 
                           376, 342–353." href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10865-017-9865-8#ref-CR1" data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 2017">2017). Regular use of hookah was 2% among US youth and adults in 2013 and 2014. Hookah use was highest among young adults, at 11%. Among past-30-day users of tobacco products, 38% of adults and 43% of youth had used multiple tobacco products. The most common multiple product use involved cigarettes and one other tobacco product.