cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The role of insulin on beta-cell proliferation
Creators: name: Beith, Jennifer Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A relative decrease in β-cell mass is key in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and in the failure of transplanted islet grafts. It is now clear that β-cell duplication plays a dominant role in the regulation of adult β-cell mass. Knowledge of the endogenous regulators of β-cell replication is therefore critical for understanding the physiological control of β-cell mass and for harnessing this process therapeutically. We have shown that physiological concentrations of insulin act directly on β-cells to promote survival. Whether insulin stimulates adult β-cell proliferation remains unclear. We tested this hypothesis using dispersed primary mouse islet cells double-labeled with BrdU and insulin antisera. Treating cells with 200 pM insulin significantly increased proliferation from a baseline rate of 0.15% per day. Elevating glucose from 5 mM to 15 mM did not significantly increase β-cell replication. β-cell proliferation was inhibited by somatostatin, as well as inhibitors of insulin signalling. Interestingly, inhibiting Raf-1 kinase blocked proliferation stimulated by physiological, but not super-physiological insulin doses. Insulin-stimulated MIN6 cell proliferation was dependent on both PI3-kinase/Akt and the Raf-l/MEK pathways. Examination of the effects of insulin and its receptor pathway on cell cycle molecules was inconclusive. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that insulin, at physiological levels, can directly stimulate β-cell proliferation and that Raf-l kinase is involved in this process. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of the regulation of β-cell mass in both the hyperinsulinemic and insulindeficient states that occur in the various forms of diabetes.
Yellman, 2020 Supplemental materials
Creators: name: Yellman, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: These are supporting data for a research publication. The main manuscript describes a genome engineering method referred to as "integrative targeting". The method is applied to genome engineering of the yeast S. cerevisiae.
Datasets related to project "Financial Abilities in neurological diseases. Development of a telerehabilitation program: FINAGE" (part 14)
Creators: name: Burgio, Francesca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The file contains the second part of MRI data of subjects with left-side Stroke, collected for the "Financial Abilities in neurological diseases. Development of a telerehabilitation program: FINAGE" (GR-2018-12367927) project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Health under the Ricerca Finalizzata (2018) call.
Coordinate noncommutativity in strong non-uniform magnetic fields
Creators: name: Frenkel, J.
name: Pereira, S. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noncommuting spatial coordinates are studied in the context of a charged particle moving in a strong non-uniform magnetic field. We derive a relation involving the commutators of the coordinates, which generalizes the one realized in a strong constant magnetic field. As an application, we discuss the noncommutativity in the magnetic field present in a magnetic mirror.
description: 4 pages
Improving land governance for more equitable fish farm development in Myanmar
Creators: name: Belton, Ben
name: Belton, Ben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Myanmar
subject: Fish farm

description: This note seeks to contribute to the ongoing debates around the revision of Myanmar’s 2012 Farmland Law. It summarizes key findings of research conducted in the main fish farming areas of Myanmar on the relationship between aquaculture (fish farming) and land use. It makes recommendations for the revision of land use regulations that would allow aquaculture to develop in a manner that benefits small producers and yields more equitable outcomes.
Global Justice and Global Ethics
Creators: name: Rogoff, Aaron
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
classificationCode: 5001
subject: Applied ethics
classificationCode: 5003
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Description to be added
Hidden symmetries in non-self-adjoint graphs
Creators: name: Hussein, Amru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 34B45, Secondary 47A10, 81Q12, 47B44, 47D06

description: On finite metric graphs the set of all realizations of the Laplace operator in the edgewise defined $L^2$-spaces are studied. These are defined by coupling boundary conditions at the vertices most of which define non-self-adjoint operators. In [Hussein, Krejčiř\'ık, Siegl, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 367(4):2921--2957, 2015] a notion of regularity of boundary conditions by means of the Cayley transform of the parametrizing matrices has been proposed. The main point presented here is that not only the existence of this Cayley transform is essential for basic spectral properties, but also its poles and its asymptotic behaviour. It is shown that these poles and asymptotics can be characterized using the quasi-Weierstrass normal form which exposes some "hidden" symmetries of the system. Thereby, one can analyse not only the spectral theory of these mostly non-self-adjoint Laplacians, but also the well-posedness of the time-dependent heat-, wave- and Schrödinger equations on finite metric graphs as initial-boundary value problems. In particular, the generators of $C_0$- and analytic semigroups and $C_0$-cosine operator functions can be characterized. On star-shaped graphs a characterization of generators of bounded $C_0$-groups and thus of operators similar to self-adjoint ones is obtained.
description: 46 pages, 7 figures
Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E 1048.1-5937: Pulsed Flux Flares and Large Torque Variations
Creators: name: Gavriil, Fotis P.
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on continued monitoring of the Anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP) 1E 1048.1-5937 using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We confirm that this pulsar has exhibited significant pulsed flux variability. The principal features of this variability are two pulsed X-ray flares. Both flares lasted several months and had well-resolved few-week-long rises. The long rise times of the flares are a phenomenon not previously reported for this class of object. The epochs of the flare peaks were MJD 52,218.8+/-4.5 and 52,444.4+/-7.0. Both flares had shorter rise than fall times. The flares had peak fluxes of 2.21+/-0.16 and 3.00+/-0.13 times the quiescent value. We estimate a total 2-10 keV energy release of ~2.7x10^40 ergs and ~2.8x10^41 ergs for the flares, assuming a distance of 5 kpc. We also report large (factor of ~12) changes to the pulsar's spin-down rate on time scales of weeks to months, shorter than has been reported previously. We find marginal evidence for correlation between the flux and spin-down rate variability, with probability of nonrandom correlation 6%. We discuss the implications of our findings for AXP models.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, ApJ Letters accepted. Modifications to the text, calculations and figures. We corrected a problem which resulted in reducing the scatter in the earlier flux points in Figure 1. Conclusions unchanged
Advancing quantitative understanding of self-potential signatures in the critical zone through long-term monitoring
Creators: name: Hu, Kaiyan
name: Jougnot, Damien
name: Huang, Qinghua
name: Looms, Majken C.
name: Linde, Niklas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-potential (SP) method is a passive geophysical technique, which may offer insights about water and ionic fluxes in the vadose zone. The main obstacles presently prohibiting its routine use in quantitative vadose zone hydrology are the superposition of signals arising from various source mechanisms, difficult-to-predict electrode polarization effects that depend on electrode design and age, as well as water saturation, pore water chemistry, clay content, and temperature in the immediate vicinity of the electrodes. We present a unique long-term SP monitoring experiment focusing on the first four years of data acquired at different depths in the vadose zone within the HOBE hydrological observatory in Denmark. Using state-of-the-art SP theory combined with flow and transport simulations, we attempt to replicate the observed data and suggest reasons for observed discrepancies. The predictions are overall satisfactory during the first six months of monitoring after which both the patterns and magnitudes of the observed data change drastically. Our main observations are (1) that predicted SP magnitudes are strongly sensitive to how the effective excess charge scales with water saturation implying that continued research is needed to build more accurate models of electrokinetic phenomena in unsaturated conditions, (2) that significant changes in electrode polarization occur in the shallowest electrodes at time scales of a year, suggesting that electrode effects cannot be ignored and that explicit electrode modeling should be considered in future monitoring studies, and (3) that multi-rate mass transfer and reactive transport modeling are needed to better predict salinity and pore water conductivity. We hope to stimulate other researchers to test new SP modeling approaches and interpretation strategies against these data by making the SP and complimentary data time-series available.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables
The Pulsed Spectra of Two Extraordinary Pulsars
Creators: name: Roberts, Mallory S. E.
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Gavriil, Fotis
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Woods, Pete
name: Ibrahim, Alaa
name: Markwardt, Craig
name: Swank, Jean H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on X-ray monitoring of two isolated pulsars within the same RXTE field of view. PSR J1811-1925 in the young supernova remnant G11.2-0.3 has a nearly sinusoidal pulse profile with a hard pulsed spectrum (photon index \~1.2). The pulsar is a highly efficient (~ 1% of spin-down energy) emitter of 2-50 keV pulsed X-rays despite having a fairly typical B ~ 2e12 G magnetic field. PSR J1809-1943/XTE J1810-197 is a newly discovered slow (P=5.54 s), apparently isolated X-ray pulsar which increased in flux by a factor of ~100 in 2003 January. Nine months of monitoring observations have shown a decrease in pulsed flux of ~ 30% without a significant change in its apparently thermal spectrum (kT ~0.7 keV) or pulse profile. During this time, the spin-down torque has fluctuated by a factor of ~ 2. Both the torque and the flux have remained steady for the last 3 months, at levels consistent with a magnetar interpretation.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of X-ray Timing 2003: Rossi and Beyond, ed. P. Kaaret, F.K. Lamb, & J.H. Swank held in Cambridge, MA, Nov. 3-5, 2003
Unsichere physikalische Größen von Torf
Uncertain physical parameters of peat
Creators: name: Schweikle, Volker
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2009

description: Abstract: Physical characteristics of peat are described according to mineral soils and deposits of raw material. I show, that the features of plants (and their residues) determine physical parameters and their interpretation considerably and that they are partly not measurable.
description: Zusammenfassung: Physikalische Eigenschaften von Torfen werden beschrieben wie bei Mineralböden und Rohstofflagern. Gezeigt wird, dass die Eigenschaften von Pflanzen(resten) physikalische Parameter, und deren Interpretation, wesentlich bestimmen und das sie zum Teil nicht messbar sind.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Interplay between soft and hard hadronic components for identified hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Hirano, Tetsufumi
name: Nara, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the transverse dynamics in Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_NN}=200 GeV by emphasis upon the interplay between soft and hard components through p_T dependences of particle spectra, ratios of yields, suppression factors, and elliptic flow for identified hadrons. From hydrodynamics combined with traversing minijets which go through jet quenching in the hot medium, we calculate interactions of hard jets with the soft hydrodynamic components. It is shown by the explicit dynamical calculations that the hydrodynamic radial flow and the jet quenching of hard jets are the keys to understand the differences among the hadron spectra for pions, kaons, and protons. This leads to the natural interpretation for N_p/N_π~ 1, R_{AA} >~ 1 for protons, and v_2^p > v_2^πrecently observed in the intermediate transverse momentum region at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).
description: 11 pages, 9 figures; some references added; title changed, some data points included in figures
The hybrid-electric vehicle lifecycle : emissions from the tailpipe and the nickel metal-hybride battery
Creators: name: Jones, Kimberly A
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This 'manuscript-based' thesis investigates the airborne environmental releases over the lifecycle of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV) as compared to equivalent conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). The first manuscript (Chapter 2) (i) quantifies the flow of nickel in the North American economy, (ii) estimates the impact of H E V production on nickel flows, and (iii) assesses the lifecycle environmental and human health impacts from H E V battery production. The research methodology consists primarily of synthesizing information and reconciling data available from multiple sources; tabulating nickel emissions data; using material balance calculations to "close the loop"; and interviewing industry experts to reconcile discrepancies. The results show that small amounts of nickel are released to the air from the nickel-mining phase, with larger emissions of nickel expected from recycling of the H E V battery. The human health effects of excess nickel releases are likely to be small. The analysis behind the second manuscript (Chapter 3) explicitly quantifies use-phase air pollution emissions improvements. The methodology involves calculating use-phase tailpipe and fuel cycle emissions over the useful life of an H E V and comparing them to an equivalent conventional ICEV using in-use emissions testing data and regulatory estimates. The results show that HEVs provide modest tailpipe emissions improvements over ICEVs in the use-phase; however current testing methods do not accurately capture the real world behaviour of HEVs. It is found that the majority of emissions improvements of HEVs over ICEVs are achieved in the cold-start phase of the driving cycle, with total use-phase improvements of 33% for carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter, reductions in carbon monoxide emissions on the order of 50%, hydrocarbon emissions improvements of 25%, and more modest nitrogen oxide benefits over different scenarios of vehicle usage and cold-start frequency. Combined, these manuscripts quantify the human health and environmental impact of the air pollutant releases over the HEV lifecycle and find that the effects of the material extraction and post-use phases are more than compensated for in the use-phase' relative to an equivalent conventional ICEV.
Zur Auswertung von Talauenprofilen in Nordwestdeutschland
Creators: name: Nietsch, Helmuth
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1959

description: Fehlerquellen bei der Auswertung horizontartig auftretender archäologischer Funde in bezug auf Lage und Zeitstellung älterer Talauenoberflächen werden besprochen und verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Auffassung von holzführenden Horizonten erläutert. Die Ergebnisse pollenanalytischer und einiger neuerer archäologischer Befunde führen zur Berichtigung älterer Anschauungen über die nacheiszeitliche Entwicklung des Wesertales.
description: research
Temperature dependence of spin pinning and spin-wave dispersion in nanoscopic ferromagnetic waveguides
Creators: name: Heinz, Björn
name: Wang, Qi
name: Verba, Roman
name: Vasyuchka, Vitaliy I.
name: Kewenig, Martin
name: Pirro, Philipp
name: Schneider, Michael
name: Meyer, Thomas
name: Lägel, Bert
name: Dubs, Carsten
name: Brächer, Thomas
name: Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr V.
name: Chumak, Andrii V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of magnonics attracts significant attention due to the possibility of utilizing information coded into the spin-wave phase or amplitude to perform computation operations on the nanoscale. Recently, spin waves were investigated in Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) waveguides with widths ranging down to 50 nm and aspect ratios thickness over width approaching unity. A critical width was found, below which the exchange interaction suppresses the dipolar pinning phenomenon and the system becomes unpinned. Here we continue these investigations and analyse the pinning phenomenon and spin-wave dispersions as a function of temperature, thickness and material of choice. Higher order modes, the influence of a finite wavevector along the waveguide and the impact of the pinning phenomenon on the spin-wave lifetime are discussed as well as the influence of a trapezoidal cross section and edge roughness of the waveguides. The presented results are of particular interest for potential applications in magnonic devices and the incipient field of quantum magnonics at cryogenic temperatures.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1807.01358
Micromorphology and Site Formation at Hohle Fels Cave, Schwabian Jura, Germany
Creators: name: Goldberg, Paul
name: Schiegl, Solveig
name: Meligne, Karen
name: Dayton, Chris
name: Conard, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2003

description: Die Höhle Hohle Fels liegt auf der Schwäbischen Alb bei Schelklingen und beinhaltet eine stratigraphische Folge, die mindestens 36.000 Jahre zurück geht und Aurignacien-, Gravettien- und Magdalénien-Fundschichten beinhaltet. Die Sedimente vom Hohle Fels wurden mit mikromorphologischen Analysen in Kombination mit Elektronmikroprobe und FTIR-Analysen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Sedimente aus dem inneren Bereich der Höhle stammen und das die feine Matrix in Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung der Höhle durch Bären eine starke Phosphatenanreicherung erlebt hat. Mikrostrukturen belegen kalte und feuchte klimatische Phasen, charakterisiert durch Kryoturbation und Eislinsen. Diese Merkmale sind in den Gravettien- und Magdalénien-Schichten stärker entwickelt und sprechen für kühle Bedingungen während dieser Perioden. Während des letzten Kältemaximums fehlen Hinweise für die Nutzung der Höhle durch Menschen und Höhlenbären. Diese Beobachtungen können als Grundlage dienen, um Hypothesen über das Paläoklima und über menschliches Verhalten im Paläolithikum, die anhand botanischer, faunistischer und archäologischer Daten entwickelt wurden, zu prüfen. Einige der Methoden dieser Untersuchungen wurden zum ersten Mal in den Höhlen der Schwäbischen Alb eingesetzt und lieferten viel versprechende Einblicke in die Archäologie und die naturhistorische Entwicklung der Region.
description: research
Alternative Policies to Agricultural Export Taxes That Are Less Market Distorting
Creators: name: Liefert, William M.
name: Westcott, Paul C.
name: Liefert, William M.
name: Westcott, Paul C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Export restrictions
subject: export taxes
subject: agricultural trade
subject: free trade
subject: trade policy

description: In response to the surges in world agricultural and food prices that have occurred since 2006, many countries imposed controls on their agricultural exports, using taxes, quotas, and complete export bans. Further, during the past few decades, many countries have maintained longstanding export taxes not only on agricultural goods, but also on forestry and fishery products, minerals, metals, and precious stones. This study examines the market effects of a conventional export tax, as well as three alternative policies that are less market distorting, and thereby less welfare diminishing: a subsidy to consumption, a tax on production, and a modification of a conventional export tax that allows additional exports after producers meet a sales requirement for their output. All three alternatives result in more exports of affected goods than the unmodified tax does. The increased exports will thereby benefit foreign consumers, and if the country is a large exporter of an affected good on the world market, the benefit is larger, because the additional exports will lower the good’s world purchase price. Increased global sales and lower prices will improve world food security and benefit the consuming poor of the world, especially if the affected product is a staple food such as wheat or rice. Policies that pursue such goals are consistent with U.S. efforts to improve world food security. However, the alternative policies are "second best" options because they are less effective at increasing both domestic and world economic welfare than the first best policy of abolishing the export tax and allowing free export.
Gentile statistics with a large maximum occupation number
Creators: name: Dai, Wu-Sheng
name: Xie, Mi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Gentile statistics the maximum occupation number can take on unrestricted integers: $11 the Bose-Einstein case is not recovered from Gentile statistics as n goes to % N . Attention is also concentrated on the contribution of the ground state which was ignored in related literature. The thermodynamic behavior of a $% ν$-dimensional Gentile ideal gas of particle of dispersion $E=\frac{p^{s}%}{2m}$, where $ν$ and s are arbitrary, is analyzed in detail. Moreover, we provide an alternative derivation of the partition function for Gentile statistics.
description: 9 pages. v2: minor changes. v3: a minor mistake in eq. (28) is corrected
Geomorphologische Lage, Deckschichten und Molluskenführung letztinterglazialer Hochflutlehme im Neckartal (Baden-Württemberg)
Creators: name: Bibus, Erhard
name: Rähle, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1986

description: Von zwei Stellen des Neckartales werden rißzeitliche Terrassenreste mit abschließenden eemzeitlichen Hochflutlehmen und würmzeitlichen Deckschichten beschrieben. Aufgrund der Molluskenführung und des Ausbildungsgrades der Paläoböden handelt es sich um Hochflutlehme, die verschiedene Abschnitte des letzten Interglazials repräsentieren. Die durch paläontologische und paläopedologische Methoden erzielten Ergebnisse lassen sich sehr gut korrelieren. Aus der geomorphologischen Lage der Hochflutlehme werden Rückschlüsse über die jungpleistozäne Talentwicklung gezogen, die von früheren Auffassungen z. T. erheblich abweichen.
description: research
The Use of Nature in American Gothic
Creators: name: Sawczuk, Tomasz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200506 North American Literature
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: When thinking about nature as a tool used by the masters of American Gothic, it seems impossible not to mention at least two things. The first one is the impact of their British forerunners and counterparts. The second appears to be even more crucial as it is said to stand behind the entirety of American Gothic, or even Gothic as a whole, and this is the reference to the ideas of Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant. The aim of the following work is to analyze the philosophical grounds of American Gothic and to illustrate various functions of nature in this particular literary genre exploited by American writers.
Constraints on the interacting holographic dark energy model
Creators: name: Wang, Bin
name: Lin, Chi-Yong
name: Abdalla, Elcio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examined the interacting holographic dark energy model in a universe with spatial curvature. Using the near-flatness condition and requiring that the universe is experiencing an accelerated expansion, we have constrained the parameter space of the model and found that the model can accommodate a transition of the dark energy from $ω_D>-1$ to $ω_D
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Options for Improving Conservation Programs: Insights from Auction Theory and Economic Experiments
Creators: name: Hellerstein, Daniel
name: Higgins, Nathaniel
name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Hellerstein, Daniel
name: Higgins, Nathaniel
name: Roberts, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Conservation Reserve Program
subject: CRP
subject: auctions
subject: enrollment mechanisms
subject: bid caps
subject: reference price auction
subject: quota auction

description: The U.S. Department of Agriculture spends over $5 billion per year on conservation programs, mostly on voluntary programs that give financial assistance to farmers and landowners to provide environmental services (such as implementing nutrient management programs or planting native grasses). Since most programs cannot fund all interested parties, program managers must use some mechanism to select applicants. One option is to elicit offers through an auction. This report addresses the use of auctions in conservation programs. It considers how information in the hands of Government officials and rural landowners affects the auction’s performance, and how auction design can reduce Government expenditures or encourage landowners to provide greater environmental services. Results of laboratory experiments are discussed, highlighting shortcomings of common features of conservation program auctions (such as limits on the rent landowners may request), as well as how alternative auction designs can improve performance.
Gauge theory, topological strings, and S-duality
Creators: name: Kapustin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We offer a derivation of the duality between the topological U(1) gauge theory on a Calabi-Yau 3-fold and the topological A-model on the same manifold. This duality was conjectured recently by Iqbal, Nekrasov, Okounkov, and Vafa. We deduce it from the S-duality of the IIB superstring. We also argue that the mirror version of this duality relates the topological B-model on a Calabi-Yau 3-fold and a topological sector of the Type IIA Little String Theory on the same manifold.
description: 9 pages, latex. v2: a footnote has been added. The footnote corrects an inaccuracy in the original argument; the results are unchanged. v3: exposition improved
Asymptotic safety and quantum gravity amplitudes
Creators: name: Kwapisz, Jan H.
name: Meissner, Krzysztof A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Application of the Weinberg's conditions of asymptotic safety to amplitudes and not to couplings of the effective action can help to uniquely define the running in the UV and avoid some of the asymptotic safety program problems. The idea is illustrated by the 4-graviton amplitude in string theory and its symmetries.
description: 10 pages, text improved, references added, to appear in Nuclear Physics B
Evolution of the Moment of Inertia of Three-Body Figure-Eight Choreography
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Toshiaki
name: Fukuda, Hiroshi
name: Ozaki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate three-body motion in three dimensions under the interaction potential proportional to r^alpha (alpha \neq 0) or log r, where r represents the mutual distance between bodies, with the following conditions: (I) the moment of inertia is non-zero constant, (II) the angular momentum is zero, and (III) one body is on the centre of mass at an instant. We prove that the motion which satisfies conditions (I)-(III) with equal masses for alpha \neq -2, 2, 4 is impossible. And motions which satisfy the same conditions for alpha=2, 4 are solved explicitly. Shapes of these orbits are not figure-eight and these motions have collision. Therefore non-conservation of the moment of inertia for figure-eight choreography for alpha \neq -2 is proved. We also prove that the motion which satisfies conditions (I)-(III) with general masses under the Newtonian potential alpha=-1 is impossible.
Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs): A Review on Materials related aspects towards High Energy Density LIBs
Creators: name: Dixit, Ambesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reviews the development of cathode materials for secondary lithium ion batteries since its inception with the introduction of lithium cobalt oxide in early 1980s. The time has passed and numerous cathode materials are designed and developed to realize not only the enhanced capacity but also the power density simultaneously. However, there are numerous challenges such as the cyclic stability of cathode materials, their structural and thermal stability, higher operating voltage together with high ionic and electronic conductivity for efficient ion and charge transport during charging and discharging. This article will cover the development of materials in chronological order classifying as the lithium ion cathode materials in different generations. The ternary oxides such as LiTMOx (TM=Transition Metal) are considered as the first generation materials, whereas modified ternary and quaternary oxide systems are considered as the second generation materials. The current i.e. third generation includes complex oxide systems with higher lithium content such as Li2TMSiO4 aiming for higher energy density. Further, developments are heading towards lithium metal based batteries with a possibility for very high energy densities.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
The Food Safety Performance of Ground Beef Suppliers to the National School Lunch Program
Creators: name: Ollinger, Michael
name: Guthrie, Joanne
name: Bovay, John
name: Ollinger, Michael
name: Guthrie, Joanne
name: Bovay, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Public Economics
subject: food safety
subject: ground beef
subject: Salmonella
subject: National School Lunch Program
subject: regulation
subject: probit analyses

description: This report examines the food safety performance of suppliers of ground beef to the USDA National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Model results show that establishments that bid on contracts to supply NSLP displayed better food safety performance—in terms of fewer numbers of meat samples testing positive for Salmonella spp —than other establishments supplying ground beef to the commercial market. Results also show that the difference in food safety performance between the types of establishments may have narrowed after 2009. The report provides evidence that some establishments use information about their past food safety performance to decide whether to bid on contracts to supply NSLP.
Impact Ejecta near the Impact Point Observed using Ultra-high-speed Imaging and SPH Simulations, and a Comparison of the Two Methods
Creators: name: Okamoto, Takaya
name: Kurosawa, Kosuke
name: Genda, Hidenori
name: Matsui, Takafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-speed impact ejecta at velocities comparable to the impact velocity are expected to contribute to material transport between planetary bodies and deposition of ejecta far from the impact crater. We investigated the behavior of high-speed ejecta produced at angles of 45 and 90 degrees, using both experimental and numerical methods. The experimental system developed at the Planetary Exploration Research Center of Chiba Institute of Technology (Japan) allowed us to observe the initial growth of the ejecta. We succeeded in imaging high-speed ejecta at 0.2 $\mathrm{μ}$s intervals for impacts of polycarbonate projectiles of 4.8 mm diameter onto a polycarbonate plate at an impact velocity of ~4 km s$^{-1}$. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of various numerical resolutions were conducted for the same impact conditions as pertaining to the experiments. We compared the morphology and velocities of the ejecta for the experiments and simulations, and we confirmed a close match for high-resolution simulations (with $\geq10^6$ SPH particles representing the projectile). According to the ejecta velocity distributions obtained from our high-resolution simulations, the ejection velocities of the high-speed ejecta for oblique impacts are much greater than those for vertical impacts. The translational motion of penetrating projectiles parallel to the target surface in oblique impacts could cause long-term, sustained acceleration at the root of the ejecta.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures, 1 supporting information, accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
Linking radio to infrared: a radio source count model
Creators: name: King, A. J.
name: Rowan-Robinson, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the populations and evolution of normal and active galaxies by extending the infrared source count model of Rowan-Robinson (2001) into the radio. The FIR-radio correlation is used to extend the SEDs to the radio region and it is assumed that there are two distinct populations of quasar: radio loud and radio quiet. It is found that the radio luminosity function and source count data are best fit when the fraction of quasars that are radio loud is allowed to increase with optical luminosity. This implications for this are discussed, as are the possible causes for the variation in radio loud fraction.
description: 9 pages (TeX file), 9 figures (eps format), submitted to MNRAS and corrected for referee's comments
title: The growth and decline of the semiconductor industry within the U.K. 1950-1985
Creators: name: Morris, P. R.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1994

description: This thesis reviews the history of the semiconductor industry during the period 1950 to 1985 and identifies the major factors governing its development. It also analyses the reasons for the failure of British manufacturing companies to develop on a more competitive scale. The development of the British semiconductor industry, almost from the start, took place within an environment dominated by large foreign multinational companies. Operating under conditions of technical lag and with increasing penetration of its markets, it concentrated, aided by funding from the Ministry of Defence, on producing specialised solid-state components for the much smaller military market. Because of its size, this market was not sufficiently large to initiate the pump-priming action which was such an important feature in bringing about the success of its American counterpart. Generous Government inducements, aimed at attracting multinational companies to British shores, did little to assist the development of the indigenous industry, which, underfunded, underprotected and increasingly restricted to niche markets by competitors, soon fell into relative decline. Direct Governmental assistance to the ailing commercial sector of the British semiconductor industry came too late substantially to affect the situation. Both inconsistency and lack of continuity in policy towards the industry, under successive Governments, did not improve the confidence of industrial management, nor encourage a more long-term outlook. It is argued within this thesis that the best chance of industrial success would have been to adopt a national policy towards the industry at an early stage, with substantial funding on a long-term basis, together with adequate import controls. The epilogue concludes that only within a European framework might it now be possible to build a semiconductor manufacturing industry, eventually capable of competing on equal terms with overseas rivals.
Unnatural Acts: Unphysical Consequences of Imposing Boundary Conditions on Quantum Fields
Creators: name: Jaffe, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I examine the effect of trying to impose a Dirichlet boundary condition on a scalar field by coupling it to a static background. The zero point -- or Casimir -- energy of the field diverges in the limit that the background forces the field to vanish. This divergence cannot be absorbed into a renormalization of the parameters of the theory. As a result, the Casimir energy of a surface on which a Dirichlet boundary condition is imposed, and other quantities like the surface tension, which are obtained by deforming the surface, depend on the physical cutoffs that characterize the coupling between the field and the matter on the surface. In contrast, the energy density away from the surface and forces between rigid surfaces are finite and independent of these complications
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, uses aipproc.cls which is included in upload. allnew.eps replaces figures all.eps and section.eps
Experimental investigation of ultracold atom-molecule collisions
Creators: name: Staanum, Peter
name: Kraft, Stephan D.
name: Lange, Joerg
name: Wester, Roland
name: Weidemueller, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracold collisions between Cs atoms and Cs2 dimers in the electronic ground state are observed in an optically trapped gas of atoms and molecules. The Cs2 molecules are formed in the triplet ground state by cw-photoassociation through the outer well of the 0g-(P3/2) excited electronic state. Inelastic atom-molecule collisions converting internal excitation into kinetic energy lead to a loss of Cs2 molecules from the dipole trap. Rate coefficients are determined for collisions involving Cs atoms in either the F=3 or F=4 hyperfine ground state and Cs2 molecules in either highly vibrationally excited states (v'=32-47) or in low vibrational states (v'=4-6) of the a ^3 Sigma_u^+ triplet ground state. The rate coefficients beta ~10^{-10} cm^3/s are found to be largely independent of the vibrational and rotational excitation indicating unitary limited cross sections.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted for publication
Rural Employment Trends in Recession and Recovery
Creators: name: Hertz, Thomas
name: Kusmin, Lorin
name: Marré, Alexander
name: Parker, Timothy
name: Hertz, Thomas
name: Kusmin, Lorin
name: Marré, Alexander
name: Parker, Timothy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Rural recession
subject: rural economic recovery
subject: local labor market outcomes
subject: metro and nonmetro counties
subject: population density
subject: economic growth
subject: employment trends
subject: unemployment
subject: industrial composition

description: This report examines the effects of the recent major recession and gradual recovery on county employment and unemployment rates, with an emphasis on rural America. The recession was marked by a 6-percent contraction in nonfarm employment and a doubling of the national unemployment rate between 2007 and 2009. Geographic variation in both the employment effects of the recession and the pace of job growth during the recovery has been striking, with large differences between regions, between metro and nonmetro counties, and between more and less rural nonmetro counties. We document these geographic differences and analyze their causes, demonstrating the relative importance of factors such as the county’s industrial composition, the age structure of the county’s population, and the educational status of its workforce.
Ein „Weichsel-Frühglazial"-Profil in Lüneburg
Creators: name: Hallik, R.
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1952

description: Das im Jahre 1904 von Müller & Weber beschriebene Interglazialprofil war durch eine Bohrung neu aufgeschlossen. Die pollenanalytische Untersuchung zeigt erstmalig das ungestörte Bild einer Vegetationsentwicklung bis in die Tundrenphase während der Ausbreitung der nachfolgenden Vereisung.
description: research
Nonuniform sampling and approximation in Sobolev space from the perturbation of framelet system
Creators: name: Li, Youfa
name: Han, Deguang
name: Yang, Shouzhi
name: Huang, Ganji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Sobolev space $H^ς(\mathbb{R}^{d})$, where $ς> d/2$, is an important function space that has many applications in various areas of research. Attributed to the inertia of a measurement instrument, it is desirable in sampling theory to recover a function by its nonuniform sampling. In the present paper, based on dual framelet systems for the Sobolev space pair $(H^{s}(\mathbb{R}^{d}), H^{-s}(\mathbb{R}^{d}))$, where $d/2
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1707.01325
Consuming Culture : How Fairgoers gained cultural awareness and understanding through food at the Pan American Exhibition (1901) and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904)
Creators: name: Ryan, Jade
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies
classificationCode: 4702
subject: Cultural studies

description: Description to be added
Die Höhenlage ur— und frühgeschichtlicher Wohnniveaus in nordwestdeutschen Marschengebieten als Höhenmarken ehemaliger Wasserstände
Creators: name: Brandt, Karl
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1980

description: In Form eines Zeit-Höhen-Diagramms werden die Höhenlagen ur- und frühgeschichtlicher Wohnniveaus in der Marsch zwischen Ems- und Elbemündung dargestellt. Es werden die Faktoren diskutiert, die bewirken, daß die gemessene Höhenlage der Wohnniveaus von der ursprünglichen Höhenlage abweicht. Die Wohnniveaus können als Marken für Höchstwasserstände gelten, und zwar sind die Wohnniveaus nur bestimmter Siedlungsschichten aussagekräftig, vor allem solcher, die einen Neubeginn der Besiedlung m einer Flachsiedlung oder auf einem Wurtauftrag markieren. Das Diagramm spiegelt die drei Siedlungsperioden in der nordwestdeutschen Marsch wider. Die Flachsiedlungen jeweils zu Beginn dieser Siedlungsperioden markieren einen Stillstand im Anstieg des Wasserspiegels. Die Wohnniveaus in gleichaltrigen Marschensiedlungen weichen in ihren Höhenlagen z. T. stark voneinander ab, da das Hochwasser in unbedeichter Marsch unterschiedlich hoch auffiel, je nachdem, wie weit die Entfernung zum offenen Meer war.
description: research
WIMP diffusion in the solar system including solar depletion and its effect on Earth capture rates
Creators: name: Lundberg, Johan
name: Edsjo, Joakim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) can be captured by the Earth, where they eventually sink to the core, annihilate and produce e.g. neutrinos that can be searched for with neutrino telescopes. The Earth is believed to capture WIMPs not dominantly from the Milky Way halo directly, but instead from a distribution of WIMPs that have diffused around in the solar system due to gravitational interactions with the planets in the solar system. Recently, doubts have been raised about the lifetime of these WIMP orbits due to solar capture. We here investigate this issue by detailed numerical simulations. Compared to earlier estimates, we find that the WIMP velocity distribution is significantly suppressed below about 70 km/s which results in a suppression of the capture rates mainly for heavier WIMPs (above ~100 GeV). At 1 TeV and above the reduction is almost a factor of 10. We apply these results to the case where the WIMP is a supersymmetric neutralino and find that, within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), the annihilation rates, and thus the neutrino fluxes, are reduced even more than the capture rates. At high masses (above ~1 TeV), the suppression is almost two orders of magnitude. This suppression will make the detection of neutrinos from heavy WIMP annihilations in the Earth much harder compared to earlier estimates.
description: 22 pages, 20 figures, uses revtex
The meiotic pattern and chromatin structure in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Leger, Michelle Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, local variations in frequencies of crossing over have been observed along chromosomes. These variations give rise to a genetic map that differs from the physical map, with a recombinationally suppressed cluster of genes located in the centre of the autosomes and flanked by highly recombinogenic arms. This distribution of crossover events is known as the meiotic pattern. The pattern is modified in a mutant, rec-1. Mutational alteration of the meiotic pattern allows for investigation of the mechanisms governing the generation of the meiotic pattern. In other species, recombination hotspots have been linked to chromatin modifications. In this thesis, I have investigated whether or not chromatin modifiers are required to maintain the unique meiotic pattern found in C. elegans. Mutations in two chromatin modifiers, him-17 and lin-35, were analyzed and found to eliminate the meiotic pattern, producing an increase in the frequency of crossing over within a recombinationally suppressed region, and a decrease in the frequency of crossing over within a highly recombinogenic region. This is the first demonstration that meiotic patterning in C. elegans is established by chromatin structure.