cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Early East Antarctic Ice Sheet growth recorded in the landscape of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains
Creators: name: Rose, Kathryn C.
name: Ferraccioli, Fausto
name: Jamieson, Stewart S.R.
name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Corr, Hugh
name: Creyts, Timothy T.
name: Braaten, David
name: Jordan, Tom A.
name: Fretwell, Peter T.
name: Demaske, Detlef
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geomorphology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains are regarded as a key nucleation site for the Antarctic Ice Sheet and they retain a unique long-term record of pre-glacial and early glacial landscape evolution. Here, we use a range of morphometric analyses to constrain the nature of early glaciation and subsequent ice sheet evolution in the interior of East Antarctica, using a new digital elevation model of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, derived from an extensive airborne radar survey. We find that an inherited fluvial landscape confirms the existence of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains prior to the onset of glaciation at the Eocene–Oligocene climate boundary (ca. 34 Ma). Features characteristic of glaciation, at a range of scales, are evident across the mountains. High elevation alpine valley heads, akin to cirques, identified throughout the mountains, are interpreted as evidence for early phases of glaciation in East Antarctica. The equilibrium line altitudes associated with these features, combined with information from fossil plant assemblages, suggest that they formed at, or prior to, 34 Ma. It cannot be ruled out that they may have been eroded by ephemeral ice between the Late Cretaceous and the Eocene (100–34 Ma). Hanging valleys, overdeepenings, truncated spurs and steep-sided, linear valley networks are indicative of a more widespread alpine glaciation in this region. These features represent ice growth at, or before, 33.7 Ma and provide a minimum estimate for the scale of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet between ca. 34 and 14 Ma, when dynamic fluctuations in ice extent are recorded at the coast of Antarctica. The implications are that the early East Antarctic Ice Sheet grew rapidly and developed a cold-based core that preserved the alpine landscape. The patterns of landscape evolution identified provide the earliest evidence for the development of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and can be used to test coupled ice–climate evolution models.
On the symmetry of extremals for the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities
Creators: name: Dolbeault, Jean
name: Esteban, Maria J.
name: Loss, Michael
name: Tarantello, Gabriella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26D10, 46E35, 58E35

description: In this paper we prove some new symmetry results for the extremals of the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities, in any dimension larger or equal than two.
Enterprise agreements, labour productivity and wage earnings : an evaluation of the impact of enterprise agreements on Australian labour productivity and average wage earnings
Creators: name: Farley, MJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis contains an evaluation of the impact of enterprise agreements on Australian labour productivity and wage earnings between 1992 and 2003. After almost a century of centralised industrial relations decision making, enterprise level bargaining provided employers and employees with the opportunity to negotiate working conditions and wages. The policy to introduce enterprise level bargaining was implemented as part of extensive microeconomic reform designed to improve the international competitiveness of the Australian economy. The industrial relations policy objective was to improve productivity by increasing technical and allocative efficiency at the enterprise level. The conclusions are that the introduction of enterprise agreements has contributed positively and significantly to labour productivity and that wage earnings are positively and significantly influenced by labour productivity. Both of these findings are significant. Australian labour productivity had previously been primarily influenced by growth in output, while wage earnings had been based on cost of living adjustments. There is preliminary evidence to suggest that by internalising bargaining over wage and conditions, enterprises have used the bargaining process to introduce significant change and the agreement to formalise these changes. The findings are based on a policy evaluation framework. This requires a comprehensive approach and as such the following perspectives are included: ‚Äö Policy evaluation; ‚Äö Organisational design, management and industrial relations theory and practice and their convergence; ‚Äö Production theory and productivity measurement; and ‚Äö Wages and wage earnings models. Econometric techniques are used to quantify the impact of introducing enterprise level agreements. Generalised least squares and fixed effects modelling is applied to determine the impact of introducing enterprise agreements on labour productivity and wage earnings respectively. The analysis focuses on both the impact on the economy overall and within the production/resources, margins and service sectors. The enterprise agreement data set comprises Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR) unpublished data relating to enterprise agreements registered in the federal jurisdiction from 1992 to 2003. This is combined with ABS industry level data. The impact of enterprise level agreements on productivity is modelled using an expanded Cobb Douglas production function applied at the economy and sectoral levels. The impact of decentralised agreements on wage earnings is modelled using empirical approaches consistent with Reserve Bank of Australia and international studies.
Abrupt Circulation Responses to Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Warming in a Relatively Simple Stratosphere-Resolving AGCM
Creators: name: Wang, Shuguang
name: Gerber, Edwin P.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Atmosphere
Climatic changes
Meteorology

description: The circulation response of the atmosphere to climate change–like thermal forcing is explored with a relatively simple, stratosphere-resolving general circulation model. The model is forced with highly idealized physics, but integrates the primitive equations at resolution comparable to comprehensive climate models. An imposed forcing mimics the warming induced by greenhouse gasses in the low-latitude upper troposphere. The forcing amplitude is progressively increased over a range comparable in magnitude to the warming projected by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change coupled climate model scenarios. For weak to moderate warming, the circulation response is remarkably similar to that found in comprehensive models: the Hadley cell widens and weakens, the tropospheric midlatitude jets shift poleward, and the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) increases. However, when the warming of the tropical upper troposphere exceeds a critical threshold, ~5 K, an abrupt change of the atmospheric circulation is observed. In the troposphere the extratropical eddy-driven jet jumps poleward nearly 10°. In the stratosphere the polar vortex intensifies and the BDC weakens as the intraseasonal coupling between the troposphere and the stratosphere shuts down. The key result of this study is that an abrupt climate transition can be effected by changes in atmospheric dynamics alone, without need for the strong nonlinearities typically associated with physical parameterizations. It is verified that the abrupt climate shift reported here is not an artifact of the model’s resolution or numerics.
TEACHER PERFORMANCE MODELING BASED ON SPIRITUAL, INTELLECTUAL, AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE WITH JOB SATISFACTION
Creators: name: Dr. Mas'ud Muhammadiah
name: Dr. Ika Suhartanti Darmo
name: Dr. St. Rahmah
name: Indro Nugroho
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Spiritual, İntellectual, Emotional, Performance, Job Satisfaction.

description: Abstract

The aim of this research is to examine the influence of spiritual, intellectual and emotional intelligence on job satisfaction and performance in high school educators in Bengkong and Batu Ampar districts, using a quantitative approach with a causality descriptive design. The research population consisted of 116 Bengkong and Batu Ampar high school teachers, and the technique used was total sampling. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and documentation, while data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS). Research findings reveal that the combined independent variables of spiritual intelligence, intellectual intelligence, and emotional intelligence have a large and beneficial influence on teacher job satisfaction through teacher performance.
Disk and outflow signatures in Orion-KL: The power of high-resolution thermal infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: Beuther, H.
name: Linz, H.
name: Bik., A.
name: Goto, M.
name: Henning, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used the CRIRES spectrograph on the VLT to study the ro-vibrational 12CO/13CO, the Pfund beta and H2 emission between 4.59 and 4.72mu wavelengths toward the BN object, the disk candidate source n, and a proposed dust density enhancement IRC3. We detected CO absorption and emission features toward all three targets. Toward the BN object, the data partly confirm the results obtained more than 25 years ago by Scoville et al., however, we also identify several new features. While the blue-shifted absorption is likely due to outflowing gas, toward the BN object we detect CO in emission extending in diameter to ~3300AU. Although at the observational spectral resolution limit, the 13CO line width of that feature increases with energy levels, consistent with a disk origin. If one attributes the extended CO emission also to a disk origin, its extent is consistent with other massive disk candidates in the literature. For source n, we also find the blue-shifted CO absorption likely from an outflow. However, it also exhibits a narrower range of redshifted CO absorption and adjacent weak CO emission, consistent with infalling motions. We do not spatially resolve the emission for source n. For both sources we conduct a Boltzmann analysis of the 13CO absorption features and find temperatures between 100 and 160K, and H2 column densities of the order a few times 10^23cm^-2. The observational signatures from IRC3 are very different with only weak absorption against a much weaker continuum source. However, the CO emission is extended and shows wedge-like position velocity signatures consistent with jet-entrainment of molecular gas, potentially associated with the Orion-KL outflow system. We also present and discuss the Pfund beta and H2 emission in the region.
description: 12 pages, 15 pages, accepted for A&A, you find a high-resolution copy at http://www.mpia-hd.mpg.de/homes/beuther/papers.html
A quantum liquid with deconfined fractional excitations in three dimensions
Creators: name: Sikora, O.
name: Pollmann, F.
name: Shannon, N.
name: Penc, K.
name: Fulde, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitations which carry "fractional" quantum numbers are known to exist in one dimension in polyacetylene, and in two dimensions, in the fractional quantum Hall effect. Fractional excitations have also been invoked to explain the breakdown of the conventional theory of metals in a wide range of three-dimensional materials. However the existence of fractional excitations in three dimensions remains highly controversial. In this Letter we report direct numerical evidence for the existence of a quantum liquid phase supporting fractional excitations in a concrete, three-dimensional microscopic model - the quantum dimer model on a diamond lattice. We demonstrate explicitly that the energy cost of separating fractional monomer excitations vanishes in this liquid phase, and that its energy spectrum matches that of the Coulomb phase in (3+1) dimensional quantum electrodynamics.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; revised version, new figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
A dialogue of the deaf : the rise and stall of harm reduction policy in Australia from 1980 to 2000
Creators: name: Hallam, JL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: In the 1980s, a new policy approach to illicit drug use was established. This philosophy of 'harm reduction' was in stark contrast to traditional abstinence‚ÄövÑvÆ oriented drug policy and was developed primarily by medical professionals working with affected communities. Since its implementation, harm reduction has attracted criticism, with the suggestion that such services that reduce the risk of illicit drug use, in contrast with policy that encourages abstinence toward illicit drugs, result in socially pathological results for society. Debates between supporters of harm reduction and abstinence-oriented approaches often result in a deadlock, given such fundamental disagreement over 'deep core' values. This research applies the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), developed by Paul Sabatier and Hank Jenkins-Smith, to explain the pattern of implementation of harm reduction policies in Australia in the period from 1980 to 2000. The ACF is principally focused on explaining how major policy change occurs, with emphasis on the role of technical information in learning between coalitions. The ACF has largely been applied to examination of environmental policy development, and this research evaluated the utility of the ACF to comprehending change in social policy systems. The ACF was generally an adequate theory to comprehend illicit drug policy developments between 1980 and 2000. The theory adequately described policy oriented learning between coalitions, the notion of advocacy coalitions and explaining major policy change. This research found that discord between coalitions regarding the validity of information in subsystems occurred at a deeper level than expected. Moreover, the nature of the problem area was subject to more change than allowed for in the ACF's emphasis on stable system parameters. The thesis concludes by offering some direction for future developments with regard to the ACF when applied to analysing change in social policy arenas.
This is What Democracy Feels Like: Tea Parties, Occupations and the Crisis of State Legitimacy
Creators: name: Bauer, A. J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social structure
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social sciences--Research

description: "In January of 2012, NBC Politics hosted an online debate between three members of the Tea Party movement and three members of the Occupy movement. Moderated by MSNBC daytime anchor Richard Lui, the forum was putatively designed to expand mainstream political discourse, as seen in Lui’s introduction: 'The Tea Party and Occupy movements have each generated considerable attention and helped shape the conversation heading into the 2012 presidential election. But seldom have the two sides engaged in dialogue.' Unfortunately, rather than encouraging real dialogue between the representatives of the two movements, the 'debate' served merely as a sort of group interview, and, but for a handful of colorful outbursts by a woman draped in an American flag, the questions rarely encouraged the two movements to engage directly. Rather, from the outset, the forum was premised on an all-too-common mediated conception of politics, one that privileges pre-framed policy advocacy and the electoral ‘horse race.’ As moderator, Lui’s questions served to fold the claims of both movements back within the political boundaries of the two-party, representative system. This debate frame, unacknowledged except in the visible frustration of the Occupy representatives, had the effect of forcing the Occupiers to make their debate legible within the bounds of Constitutional political processes." This article picks up on the possibility of engagement between members of the Tea Party and the Occupy Wall Street movements.
Harmony with the Land: Explorations in Graphic Narratives
Creators: name: Tang, Song
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2019
Subjects: Yunnan Sheng (China)
Hani people
Oral history
Traditional knowledge

description: Harmony with the land is a series of explorations of graphic narratives based on my lived experience and received knowledge relating to my homeland of Yunnan. The narrations are rooted deeply within the memory, culture and sensation that inhabit my engagements with flora and fauna of Yunnan, as well as my experience with people that are deeply connected to this land. As I trace my memories with the land throughout the years, deeper and further, divergences begin to emerge. I find intricate connections between my experience and the experience of other people. Through reading and studying ethnic materials such as literature and poetry, observing and participating in activities and events, I find similarities based on our interactions with familiar objects that come from the land. Whether it is a pine tree in the woods, a mushroom under the leaves or a bush of berries. The idea of placing my lived experience with the land in the context of people who are also closely connected to the land is intriguing. Among the ethnic materials I studied, there is an epic poem about the arduous historical migration of Hani People of Yunnan. The poem tells the stories of resilience, humility and responsiveness of the Hani people throughout the migration. I relate myself to the land that Hani people travelled through about 1,000 years ago, as the places, animals, plants, people in the poem have also been essential to my lived experience. I base my explorations of graphic narratives on the interactions and inspirations of personal memory and the knowledge from the Hani migration poem. My studio work, as well as this writing, is an oscillating process between my lived experience and received knowledge; it is a space where intrapersonal and interpersonal dialogues happen, all of which are based on the land and things that have come from the land. Through these explorations of storytelling, I hope to convey the harmonious, earth-centered relationship of people and the land to my audience, to investigate the potential application of such storytelling experience, and also to reconnect myself to the memory that shaped my view of the world.
description: Oral literature
description: Graphic narrative
description: Species
description: Illustration
Star clusters as building blocks for dSph galaxies formation
Creators: name: Assmann, P.
name: Fellhauer, M.
name: Wilkinson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the formation of dSph galaxies. Intense star bursts, e.g. in gas-rich environments, typically produce a few to a few hundred young star clusters, within a region of just a few hundred pc. The dynamical evolution of these star clusters may explain the formation of the luminous component of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph). Here we perform a numerical experiment to show that the evolution of star clusters complexes in dark matter haloes can explain the formation of the luminous components of dSph galaxies.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of IAU symposium 266 'Star Clusters - Basic Building Blocks'
On the computation of black hole entropy in loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: G., J. Fernando Barbero
name: Villaseñor, Eduardo J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss some issues related to the computation of black hole entropy in loop quantum gravity from the novel point of view provided by the recent number-theoretical methods introduced by the authors and their collaborators. In particular we give exact expressions, in the form of integral transforms, for the black hole entropy in terms of the area. We do this by following several approaches based both on our combinatorial techniques and also on functional equations similar to those employed by Meissner in his pioneering work on this subject. To put our results in perspective we compare them with those of Meissner. We will show how our methods confirm some of his findings, extend the validity of others, and correct some mistakes. At the end of the paper we will discuss the delicate issue of the asymptotics of black hole entropy.
description: 25 pages
Study of the scattering of electromagnetic waves from certain types of random media
Creators: name: Olsen, Roderic Lloyd
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This work is a study of the scattering of electromagnetic waves from random media of discrete scatterers. The object is primarily the investigation of existing general discrete-scatterer theories and the development of more accurate ones, the technique of Monte Carlo computer simulation being employed to provide "exact" experimental results for comparison with theoretical data. A one-dimensional model of randomly-positioned planar scatterers is used as a tool in the investigation and as a means of providing insight into the physical and statistical characteristics of discrete-scatterer media. The limitations of the one-dimensional forms of Twersky's theories for the coherent field are illustrated by a presentation of results for a wide range of scattering parameters, and requirements necessary for the approximate validity of these theories are given. Accurate series expressions for several average field functions of interest in the problem of plane-wave scattering from distributions of uniformly-random planar scatterers are presented and verified from simulation results. The asymptotic scattering behavior for a low average density of scatterers is emphasized; a modification to the one-dimensional form of Twersky's free-space theory for the coherent transmitted field to give exact asymptotic behavior is shown to be a considerable improvement for higher average densities also. The relation of the one-dimensional model theory and results to more complex three-dimensional models is discussed where possible. Simulation methods for the generation of a non-uniform distribution of planar-scatterer configurations weighted towards "periodicity" are presented. Based on the scattering results obtained, criteria for the assumption of a uniform distribution are given. The physical conditions necessary for the approximate validity of the bivariate Gaussian distribution in describing the total field statistics of the one-dimensional model are discussed and quantitative results based on the third and fourth field moments given. Also presented is a new physical model of a random medium of discrete spherical scatterers for use in controlled laboratory experiments at millimeter-wave frequencies. The main feature of this model is that the scatterer statistics are directly controlled by an application of the Monte Carlo method. The results of an experimental investigation into the suitability of the model are given.
El Niño, La Niña, and Stratospheric Sudden Warmings: A Reevaluation in Light of the Observational Record
Creators: name: Butler, Amy H.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Meteorology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recent studies have suggested that El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have a considerable impact on Northern Hemisphere wintertime stratospheric conditions. Notably, during El Niño the stratosphere is warmer than during ENSO-neutral winters, and the polar vortex is weaker. Opposite-signed anomalies have been reported during La Niña, but are considerably smaller in amplitude than during El Niño. This has led to the perception that El Niño is able to substantially affect stratospheric conditions, but La Niña is of secondary importance. Here we revisit this issue, but focus on the extreme events that couple the troposphere to the stratosphere: major, mid-winter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs). We examine 53 years of reanalysis data and find, as expected, that SSWs are nearly twice as frequent during ENSO winters as during non-ENSO winters. Surprisingly, however, we also find that SSWs occur with equal probability during El Niño and La Niña winters. These findings corroborate the impact of ENSO on stratospheric variability, and highlight that both phases of ENSO are important in enhancing stratosphere-troposphere dynamical coupling via an increased frequency of SSWs.
PT-Scotch: A tool for efficient parallel graph ordering
Creators: name: Chevalier, Cédric
name: Pellegrini, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The parallel ordering of large graphs is a difficult problem, because on the one hand minimum degree algorithms do not parallelize well, and on the other hand the obtainment of high quality orderings with the nested dissection algorithm requires efficient graph bipartitioning heuristics, the best sequential implementations of which are also hard to parallelize. This paper presents a set of algorithms, implemented in the PT-Scotch software package, which allows one to order large graphs in parallel, yielding orderings the quality of which is only slightly worse than the one of state-of-the-art sequential algorithms. Our implementation uses the classical nested dissection approach but relies on several novel features to solve the parallel graph bipartitioning problem. Thanks to these improvements, PT-Scotch produces consistently better orderings than ParMeTiS on large numbers of processors.
Quantum Monte-Carlo method applied to Non-Markovian barrier transmission
Creators: name: Hupin, G.
name: Lacroix, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In nuclear fusion and fission, fluctuation and dissipation arise due to the coupling of collective degrees of freedom with internal excitations. Close to the barrier, both quantum, statistical and non-Markovian effects are expected to be important. In this work, a new approach based on quantum Monte-Carlo addressing this problem is presented. The exact dynamics of a system coupled to an environment is replaced by a set of stochastic evolutions of the system density. The quantum Monte-Carlo method is applied to systems with quadratic potentials. In all range of temperature and coupling, the stochastic method matches the exact evolution showing that non-Markovian effects can be simulated accurately. A comparison with other theories like Nakajima-Zwanzig or Time-ConvolutionLess ones shows that only the latter can be competitive if the expansion in terms of coupling constant is made at least to fourth order. A systematic study of the inverted parabola case is made at different temperatures and coupling constants. The asymptotic passing probability is estimated in different approaches including the Markovian limit. Large differences with the exact result are seen in the latter case or when only second order in the coupling strength is considered as it is generally assumed in nuclear transport models. On opposite, if fourth order in the coupling or quantum Monte-Carlo method is used, a perfect agreement is obtained.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. C
Relativistic Entropy and Related Boltzmann Kinetics
Creators: name: Kaniadakis, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the particular form of the two-particle correlation function, in the collisional integral of the classical Boltzmman equation, fix univocally the entropy of the system, which turn out to be the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy. In the ordinary relativistic Boltzmann equation, some standard generalizations, with respect its classical version, imposed by the special relativity, are customarily performed. The only ingredient of the equation, which tacitly remains in its original classical form, is the two-particle correlation function, and this fact imposes that also the relativistic kinetics is governed by the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy. Indeed the ordinary relativistic Boltzmann equation admits as stationary stable distribution, the exponential Juttner distribution. Here, we show that the special relativity laws and the maximum entropy principle, suggest a relativistic generalization also of the two-particle correlation function and then of the entropy. The so obtained, fully relativistic Boltzmann equation, obeys the H-theorem and predicts a stationary stable distribution, presenting power-law tails in the high energy region. The ensued relativistic kinetic theory preserves the main features of the classical kinetics, which recovers in the $c \to \infty$ limit.
description: version containing the proofs corrections
The Contribution of Active Galactic Nuclei to the Microjansky Radio Population
Creators: name: Ballantyne, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A X-ray background synthesis model is used to calculate the contribution of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) to the 1.4 GHz number counts between 100 nJy and 10 mJy. The number counts are broken down into contributions from radio-quiet and radio-loud AGNs, obscured and unobscured AGNs, and for different ranges in redshift and 2-10 keV X-ray luminosity, L_X. Compton-thick AGNs are included, but only to the level required to fit the peak of the X-ray background. The predicted radio counts show that the microJy AGN population will be dominated by obscured, radio-quiet Seyfert galaxies with log L_X < 43, and spanning 0 < z
description: 30 pages, 11 figures, accepted by the ApJ
Hierarchical Approach for Key Management in Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Creators: name: A., Renuka
name: Shet, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes or terminals which communicate with each other by forming a multi-hop radio network and maintaining connectivity in a decentralized manner. The conventional security solutions to provide key management through accessing trusted authorities or centralized servers are infeasible for this new environment since mobile ad hoc networks are characterized by the absence of any infrastructure, frequent mobility, and wireless links. We propose a hierarchical group key management scheme that is hierarchical and fully distributed with no central authority and uses a simple rekeying procedure which is suitable for large and high mobility mobile ad hoc networks. The rekeying procedure requires only one round in our scheme and Chinese Remainder Theorem Diffie Hellman Group Diffie Hellmann and Burmester and Desmedt it is a constant 3 whereas in other schemes such as Distributed Logical Key Hierarchy and Distributed One Way Function Trees, it depends on the number of members. We reduce the energy consumption during communication of the keying materials by reducing the number of bits in the rekeying message. We show through analysis and simulations that our scheme has less computation, communication and energy consumption compared to the existing schemes.
description: 9 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact Factor 0.423, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
Initial characterization of a new histone and role of methionine in protamine biosynthesis in trout testis
Creators: name: Wigle, Donald Theodore
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Histones are the basic proteins complexed with DNA in the chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms. A previously undescribed histone (histone T.) was discovered in chromatin prepared from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) testes. Histone T was purified by selective extraction and ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose. The homogeneity of this protein was examined by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, SDS disc gel electrophoresis, urea starch gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. Histone T was homogeneous as judged by the above different criteria. The molecular weight was found to be 14,500 by the mobility of formylated or acetylated histone Ton SDS gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition and the N-terminal amino acid were determined. Peptide maps of the tryptic peptides of histone T and the major histones indicated that histone T is not a degradation product of the major histones. Details of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis in eukaryotes have only recently been discovered. Protamines are the small, highly basic proteins complexed with DNA in the mature sperm cells of most higher animals. The synthesis of protamine in trout testes was studied. Cell suspensions prepared from trout testes at the protamine stage of differentiation were incubated in vitro and were found to incorporate intact, isotopically labelled methionine into the N-terminal sequence, Met-Pro-Arg..., methionine residue is removed from protamine after chain completion. Enzymatic activity capable of cleaving the dipeptide, Met-Pro, was found in testis cell fractions. The amino group of methionine incorporated into ribosome-bound nascent protamine was not blocked. Methionine incorporation was extremely sensitive to inhibition by cyclo-heximide. The evidence obtained indicates a role for methionine in the initiation of protamine biosynthesis in the trout, a eukaryote
On the Lack of Stratospheric Dynamical Variability in Low-Top Versions of the CMIP5 Models
Creators: name: Charlton-Perez, Andrew J.
name: Baldwin, Mark P.
name: Birner, Thomas
name: Black, Robert X.
name: Butler, Amy H.
name: Calvo, Natalia
name: Davis, Nicholas A.
name: Gerber, Edwin P.
name: Gillett, Nathan
name: Hardiman, Steven
name: Kim, Junsu
name: Krüger, Kirstin
name: Lee, Yun-Young
name: Manzini, Elisa
name: McDaniel, Brent A.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Reichler, Thomas
name: Shaw, Tiffany Ann
name: Sigmond, Michael
name: Son, Seok-Woo
name: Toohey, Matthew
name: Wilcox, Laura
name: Yoden, Shigeo
name: Christiansen, Bo
name: Lott, François
name: Shindell, Drew
name: Yukimoto, Seiji
name: Watanabe, Shingo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper
Climatic changes

description: We describe the main differences in simulations of stratospheric climate and variability by models within the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that have a model top above the stratopause and relatively fine stratospheric vertical resolution (high-top), and those that have a model top below the stratopause (low-top). Although the simulation of mean stratospheric climate by the two model ensembles is similar, the low-top model ensemble has very weak stratospheric variability on daily and interannual time scales. The frequency of major sudden stratospheric warming events is strongly underestimated by the low-top models with less than half the frequency of events observed in the reanalysis data and high-top models. The lack of stratospheric variability in the low-top models affects their stratosphere-troposphere coupling, resulting in short-lived anomalies in the Northern Annular Mode, which do not produce long-lasting tropospheric impacts, as seen in observations. The lack of stratospheric variability, however, does not appear to have any impact on the ability of the low-top models to reproduce past stratospheric temperature trends. We find little improvement in the simulation of decadal variability for the high-top models compared to the low-top, which is likely related to the fact that neither ensemble produces a realistic dynamical response to volcanic eruptions.
Abnormal diffusion of a single vortex in the two dimensional XY model
Creators: name: Nogawa, Tomoaki
name: Nemoto, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermal diffusion dynamics of a single vortex in two dimensional XY model. By numerical simulations we find an abnormal diffusion such that the mobility decreases with time $t$ as $1/\ln t$. In addition we construct a one dimensional diffusion-like equation to model the dynamics and confirm that it conserves quantitative property of the abnormal diffusion. By analyzing the reduced model, we find that the radius of the collectively moving region with the vortex core grows as $R(t) \propto t^{1/2}$. This suggests that the mobility of the vortex is described by dynamical correlation length as $1/\ln R(t)$.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Occupy Wall Street and Consensus Decision Making: Historicizing the Preoccupation With Process
Creators: name: Cornell, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social structure
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social sciences--Research

description: "Occupy Wall Street (OWS) has given the consensus decision-making process a new lease on life by introducing the procedure to a new generation of organizers as well as thousands of older activists. Unfortunately, OWS also seems to have revived a variety of confusions and debates about the power and the significance of consensus that have tripped up earlier progressive and radical social justice efforts. Although the constellation of Occupy encampments established in the fall of 2011 were largely dismantled by the New Year, Occupy remains a diffuse and evolving political effort that, at the time of this writing, has begun to reclaim public attention through self-organized disaster relief efforts in response to Hurricane Sandy, and a campaign to buy and then discharge housing, educational, and health care-related debt ('Rolling Jubilee'). While acknowledging that these latest iterations of the Occupy movement are adapting the use of consensus in productive ways, I focus here on the impact consensus decision making had on shaping the national Occupy movement during its first year. I examine the historical development and the symbolic significance of consensus to suggest that process is a tension point that reveals significant differences in vision and strategy among sectors of the US Left. I argue that to create movements that can win real changes in the world, thoughtful organizers need to carefully delineate what consensus can and cannot do, and distinguish between its positive and negative aspects."
Uncertainty in Climate Change Projections of the Hadley Circulation: The Role of Internal Variability
Creators: name: Kang, Sarah M.
name: Deser, Clara
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Meteorology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The uncertainty arising from internal climate variability in climate change projections of the Hadley circulation (HC) is presently unknown. In this paper it is quantified by analyzing a 40-member ensemble of integrations of the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3), under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario over the period 2000–60. An additional set of 100-yr-long time-slice integrations with the atmospheric component of the same model [Community Atmosphere Model, version 3.0 (CAM3)] is also analyzed. Focusing on simple metrics of the HC—its strength, width, and height—three key results emerge from the analysis of the CCSM3 ensemble. First, the projected weakening of the HC is almost entirely confined to the Northern Hemisphere, and is stronger in winter than in summer. Second, the projected widening of the HC occurs only in the winter season but in both hemispheres. Third, the projected rise of the tropical tropopause occurs in both hemispheres and in all seasons and is, by far, the most robust of the three metrics. This paper shows further that uncertainty in future trends of the HC width is largely controlled by extratropical variability, while those of HC strength and height are associated primarily with tropical dynamics. Comparison of the CCSM3 and CAM3 integrations reveals that ocean–atmosphere coupling is the dominant source of uncertainty in future trends of HC strength and height and of the tropical mean meridional circulation in general. Finally, uncertainty in future trends of the hydrological cycle is largely captured by the uncertainty in future trends of the mean meridional circulation.
Air-Mass Origin as a Diagnostic of Tropospheric Transport
Creators: name: Orbe, Clara
name: Holzer, Mark
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Waugh, Darryn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper
Climatic changes

description: We introduce rigorously defined air masses as a diagnostic of tropospheric transport. The fractional contribution from each air mass partitions air at any given point according to either where it was last in the planetary boundary layer or where it was last in contact with the stratosphere. The utility of these air-mass fractions is demonstrated for the climate of a dynamical core circulation model and its response to specified heating. For an idealized warming typical of end-of-century projections, changes in air-mass fractions are in the order of 10% and reveal the model's climate change in tropospheric transport: poleward-shifted jets and surface-intensified eddy kinetic energy lead to more efficient stirring of air out of the midlatitude boundary layer, suggesting that, in the future, there may be increased transport of black carbon and industrial pollutants to the Arctic upper troposphere. Correspondingly, air is less efficiently mixed away from the subtropical boundary layer. The air-mass fraction that had last stratosphere contact at midlatitudes increases all the way to the surface, in part due to increased isentropic eddy transport across the tropopause. Correspondingly, the air-mass fraction that had last stratosphere contact at high latitudes is reduced through decreased downwelling across the tropopause. A weakened Hadley circulation leads to decreased interhemispheric transport in the model's future climate.
Representation of Tropical Subseasonal Variability of Precipitation in Global Reanalyses
Creators: name: Kim, Daehyun
name: Lee, Myong-In
name: Kim, Dongmin
name: Schubert, Siegfried D.
name: Waliser, Duane E.
name: Tian, Baijun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere

description: Tropical subseasonal variability of precipitation from five global reanalyses (RAs) is evaluated against Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations. The RAs include the three generations of global RAs from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and two other RAs from the European Centre for Medium‑Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC). The analysis includes comparisons of the seasonal means and subseasonal variances of precipitation, and probability densities of rain intensity in selected areas. In addition, the space‑time power spectrum was computed to examine the tropical Madden‑Julian Oscillation (MJO) and convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs).
The Effect of Lower Stratospheric Shear on Baroclinic Instability
Creators: name: Wittman, Matthew A. H.
name: Charlton, Andrew J.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Atmosphere, Upper
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using a hierarchy of models, and observations, the effect of vertical shear in the lower stratosphere on baroclinic instability in the tropospheric midlatitude jet is examined. It is found that increasing stratospheric shear increases the phase speed of growing baroclinic waves, increases the growth rate of modes with low synoptic wavenumbers, and decreases the growth rate of modes with higher wavenumbers. The meridional structure of the linear modes, and their acceleration of the zonal mean jet, changes with increasing stratospheric shear, but in a way that apparently contradicts the observed stratosphere–troposphere northern annular mode (NAM) connection. This contradiction is resolved at finite amplitude. In nonlinear life cycle experiments it is found that increasing stratospheric shear, without changing the jet structure in the troposphere, produces a transition from anticyclonic (LC1) to cyclonic (LC2) behavior at wavenumber 7. All life cycles with wavenumbers lower than 7 are LC1, and all with wavenumber greater than 7 are LC2. For the LC1 life cycles, the effect of increasing stratospheric shear is to increase the poleward displacement of the zonal mean jet by the eddies, which is consistent with the observed stratosphere–troposphere NAM connection. Finally, it is found that the connection between high stratospheric shear and high-tropospheric NAM is present by NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data.