cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Practical Approach towards Causality Mining in Clinical Text using Active Transfer Learning
Creators: name: Hussain, Musarrat
name: Satti, Fahad Ahmed
name: Hussain, Jamil
name: Ali, Taqdir
name: Ali, Syed Imran
name: Bilal, Hafiz Syed Muhammad
name: Park, Gwang Hoon
name: Lee, Sungyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: Causality mining is an active research area, which requires the application of state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques. In the healthcare domain, medical experts create clinical text to overcome the limitation of well-defined and schema driven information systems. The objective of this research work is to create a framework, which can convert clinical text into causal knowledge. Methods: A practical approach based on term expansion, phrase generation, BERT based phrase embedding and semantic matching, semantic enrichment, expert verification, and model evolution has been used to construct a comprehensive causality mining framework. This active transfer learning based framework along with its supplementary services, is able to extract and enrich, causal relationships and their corresponding entities from clinical text. Results: The multi-model transfer learning technique when applied over multiple iterations, gains performance improvements in terms of its accuracy and recall while keeping the precision constant. We also present a comparative analysis of the presented techniques with their common alternatives, which demonstrate the correctness of our approach and its ability to capture most causal relationships. Conclusion: The presented framework has provided cutting-edge results in the healthcare domain. However, the framework can be tweaked to provide causality detection in other domains, as well. Significance: The presented framework is generic enough to be utilized in any domain, healthcare services can gain massive benefits due to the voluminous and various nature of its data. This causal knowledge extraction framework can be used to summarize clinical text, create personas, discover medical knowledge, and provide evidence to clinical decision making.
Integration over the Pauli quantum group
Creators: name: Banica, Teodor
name: Collins, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30 (Primary), 46L54 (Secondary)

description: We prove that the Pauli representation of the quantum permutation algebra $A_s(4)$ is faithful. This provides the second known model for a free quantum algebra. We use this model for performing some computations, with the main result that at the level of laws of diagonal coordinates, the Lebesgue measure appears between the Dirac mass and the free Poisson law.
description: 27 pages
जीवन संघर्षों का विजेता बालक - श्यौराज.pdf
Creators: name: GURIA CHOUDHARY
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200520 Indian Literature
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200315 Indian Languages

description: जीवन एक संघर्ष है और हम सभी को इस संघर्ष को स्वीकार कर अपने जीवन में आगे बढ़ना होगा यहाँ तक कि प्रकृति के साथ, स्वयं के साथ, परिस्थितियों के साथ बिना संघर्षों का सामना किये हम नहीं रह सकते है।आए दिन हम सब को संघर्षों का सामना करना पड़ता है और इन से जूझना पड़ता है। जो इन संघर्षों का सामना करने से कतराते हैं वह जीवन से भी हार जाते हैं और जीवन भी उनका साथ नहीं देता।
High temperature oxidation behavior of disordered (Ti0.5Zr0.5)2AlC MAX phase via a Machine Learning-Augmented DFT Approach
Creators: name: Singh, P.
name: Sauceda, D.
name: Arroyavea, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Zr-based MAX phases have attracted considerable attention for their outstanding irradiation behavior and high neutron transparency relevant to nuclear power generation technologies. In spite of increased understanding of physical behavior crystalline MAX phases, the high-temperature oxidation behavior and reaction mechanism of disordered MAX phases both from theory and experiments are not well understood due to increased system complexity. Here, we present a detailed comparative assessment of high-temperature thermodynamic-stability and oxidation behavior (reaction-products and chemical activity) of ordered Ti2AlC and disordered (Ti0.5Zr0.5)2AlC. We believe that the new insights will enhance our understanding of oxidation process in disordered MAX phases.
description: 8 pages; 2 Figures; 1 Table
Alzheimer's disease: signs in the peripheral blood: amyloid deposits on circulating living Borrelia biofilms
Creators: name: MacDonald, Alan
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: This reports the very first discovery of a Particulate form of Amyloid in the Circulating blood. Tissue Amyloid stains (Congo Red, and Thioflavin T) were used to stain a peripheral blood smear from a 62 year old patient with Dementia. Previously published on F1000 research is my report that 1000 amyloid plaques in multiple Alzheimer's Autopsy brains all contained a core structure of Borrelia biofilm. Living biofilm microbes situated inside of Alzheimer's plaques in brain has never previously been reported. Herein, I report the use of a double staining procedure first Fluorescence In Situ DNA Hybridization using Borrelia specific Molecular Beacon type DNA probes; followed by Congo Red staining or followed by Thioflavin T staining for detection of Amyloid ; in an ordinary blood smear from a living patient with dementia. Images of the positive detection of circulating Borrelia species biofilms in blood are presented for the very first time. Images of Amyloid covering the Circulating Borrelia biofilms in peripheral blood are presented for the very first time.

This methodology identifies the Infectious form of Alzheimer's disease, produced by biofilm borrelia communities, chronically infecting human brain tissue.
Successful use of the dual staining method [FISH method detection of Borrelia biofilms; and Amyloid stains to prove co-localization of biofilm infection to the exact  loci of Alzheimer's Plaques in Brain] allows for the treatment with anti-infective therapy for the Infectious type of Alzheimer's Disease. Successful use of the Dual staining method [FISH method detection of Borrelia biofilms and Amyloid stains] in the study of blood from living dementia patients; allows for the selection of patients with the infectious form of Dementias to receive Anti-Infective therapies during life, with the goal of arresting, or reversing or curing their Dementia. The eradication of General Paresis dementia of late syphilis is instructive and provides abundant evidence that spirochetal infection type dementias are amenable to cure and to eradication.
Thermodynamics of rotating solutions in (n+1)-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity
Creators: name: Sheykhi, A.
name: Dehghani, M. H.
name: Riazi, N.
name: Pakravan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a class of charged, rotating solutions of (n+1)-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity with Liouville-type potentials and investigate their properties. These solutions are neither asymptotically flat nor (anti)-de Sitter. We find that these solutions can represent black brane, with two inner and outer event horizons, an extreme black brane or a naked singularity provided the parameters of the solutions are chosen suitably. We also compute temperature, entropy, charge, electric potential, mass and angular momentum of the black brane solutions, and find that these quantities satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. We find a Smarr-type formula and perform a stability analysis by computing the heat capacity in the canonical ensemble. We find that the system is thermally stable for alpha <1, while for alpha >1 the system has an unstable phase. This is incommensurate with the fact that there is no Hawking-Page phase transition for black objects with zero curvature horizon.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Interpretation of the power spectrum of the quiet Sun photospheric turbulence
Creators: name: Goldman, Itzhak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational power spectra of the photospheric magnetic field turbulence, of the quiet-sun, were presented in a recent paper by Abramenko and Yurchyshyn. Here I focus on the power spectrum derived from the observations of the Near InfraRed Imaging Spectrapolarimeter (NIRIS) operating at the Goode Solar Telescope. The latter exhibits a transition from a power law with index $-1.2$ to a steeper power law with index $-2.2$, for smaller spatial scales. The present paper presents an interpretation of this change. Furthermore, this interpretation provides an estimate for the effective width of the turbulent layer probed by the observations. The latter turns out to be practically equal to the depth of the photosphere.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Your: Your Unified Reader
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Kshitij
name: Agarwal, Devansh
name: Kania, Joseph W
name: Fiore, William
name: Thomas, Reshma Anna
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Demorest, Paul B.
name: Wharton, Robert S.
name: Burke-Spolaor, Sarah
name: Lorimer, Duncan R.
name: Mclaughlin, Maura A.
name: Garver-Daniels, Nathaniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advancement in signal processing and GPU based systems has enabled new transient detectors at various telescopes to perform much more sensitive searches than their predecessors. Typically the data output from the telescopes is in one of the two commonly used formats: psrfits and Sigproc filterbank. Software developed for transient searches often only works with one of these two formats, limiting their general applicability. Therefore, researchers have to write custom scripts to read/write the data in their format of choice before they can begin any data analysis relevant for their research. \textsc{Your} (Your Unified Reader) is a python-based library that unifies the data processing across multiple commonly used formats. \textsc{Your} implements a user-friendly interface to read and write in the data format of choice. It also generates unified metadata corresponding to the input data file for a quick understanding of observation parameters and provides utilities to perform common data analysis operations. \textsc{Your} also provides several state-of-the-art radio frequency interference mitigation (RFI) algorithms, which can now be used during any stage of data processing (reading, writing, etc.) to filter out artificial signals.
description: 3 pages, Published in JOSS, Github: https://github.com/thepetabyteproject/your
AND THE HAND OF THE LORD WAS WITH THEM: THE EFFECTS OF PLANTERS' SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON THE CAPITAL TRIALS OF ENSLAVED AFRICANS IN COLONIAL MARYLAND, 1726-1775
Creators: name: Dotterweich, Karl
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: colonial
judicial
Maryland
slavery
socioeconomic
trials

description: During the Maryland's colonial period, African slaves were tried in county courts, courts of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery, and the provincial court in essentially the same manner as free and indentured Europeans. They were also pardoned from capital sentences at approximately the same rate as free Europeans. Since the laws were crafted by wealthy slave owners and slaves represented a substantial financial investment, I predicted that the slaves of the wealthiest, elite planters would be more likely to be pardoned for capital offenses than the slaves of non-elite planters. Statistical analysis showed this prediction to be false. Elite-owned slaves were no more likely than non-elite-owned slaves to be pardoned , and in fact were tried disproportionately to their numbers. Financial interests of owners did not appear to be an significant factor in gaining pardons for enslaved Africans. This encourages further research into why enslaved Africans were pardoned with relative frequency in a legal system designed to oppress them.
African Colonization and Unionism in the South, 1817-1862
Creators: name: McMullin, Gary
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: African
Breckenridge
Civil
Colonization
Unionism
War

description: In late December of 1816, prominent citizens within the state of Virginia in conjunction with the United States government established the American Colonization Society. The initial goal of the society was to raise funds for the free black population within the United States so that they could emigrate to West Africa. This thesis demonstrates how colonization rhetoric functioned as a moderate vantage point through the polarizing debate between abolitionists from the North and proslavery politicians from the South in antebellum America. Proponents justified the program as benevolent by promoting opportunities in West Africa including commerce and the gospel of Christianity. Liberia gained independence in 1847. Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 led to the resurgence of colonization rhetoric. Colonization proponents became Unionists in the Border South throughout the secession crisis. These Southern Unionists adhered to the notion that a confederacy would ultimately fail. Reverend Robert J. Breckenridge embodied a patriotic spirit for decades prior to the Civil War as a minister in Maryland and Kentucky. He fully supported the sovereignty of the Constitution but advocated antislavery measures such as gradual emancipation with colonization. Robert J. Breckenridge and other prominent whites did not offer allegiance to the Union with slaveholders' rights in jeopardy; yet, Southerners advanced antislavery rhetoric in terms of emancipation with colonization as a gradual process. Lincoln balancing politics on colonization and emancipation in the Civil War needed support from the Border State Unionists. In addition to this paper, a website was created encompassing three lesson plans for eighth graders so they could explore the role of moderates from the Border South. Educators in the past usually emphasize Northern and Southern aggression in terms of abolitionists versus slaveholders. Students will now examine colonization efforts between 1817-1862 and the role of Southern Unionists in the first two years of the Civil War as significant elements in American History.
A Construction for Constant-Composition Codes
Creators: name: Ding, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: By employing the residue polynomials, a construction of constant-composition codes is given. This construction generalizes the one proposed by Xing[16]. It turns out that when d=3 this construction gives a lower bound of constant-composition codes improving the one in [10]. Moreover, for d>3, we give a lower bound on maximal size of constant-composition codes. In particular, our bound for d=5 gives the best possible size of constant-composition codes up to magnitude.
description: 4 pages, submitted to IEEE Infromation Theory
A Mother's Inheritance: Women, Interracial Identity, and Emancipation in Maryland, 1664-1820
Creators: name: Hobson, Courtney Cecelia
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: Enslaved Women
Freedom petitions
Maryland
Museum Theatre
Public history
Race

description: Inspired by my work at a local historic house museum in Maryland, I began this project with the intention of rejuvenating the interpretation of slavery at the particular site through the use of a scripted monologue that will be accompanied by a lecture. This public history thesis project is divided into three parts: an overview of museum theatre and public interpretation of slavery; a historical essay that will serve as a companion to the scripted monologue; and then the monologue itself. The monologue is designed to challenge audiences to reevaluate their preconceptions about the history of race and slavery, as well as the relationships that enslaved people had with the justice system. The historical essay is designed to provide the performer with the historical context for the production. From the late seventeenth- to early nineteenth-centuries, a series of laws were passed in Maryland that strengthened the institution of slavery as the prominent labor system. These laws held an equal influence over the concept of race, as it evolved from a fluid to a fixed model. Despite these changes, enslaved people often demonstrated cunning as they learned to use the legal system for their own purposes. Utilizing the story of one enslaved family of women, freedom petitions demonstrate not only how, over six generations, the law came to define race, but also the local impact of such changes through the examination of witness, plaintiffs, defendants, judges, and lawyers.
THE OUTCOMES OF TRANSLATING NEOLIBERAL ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY: A CRITICAL ANAYLSIS OF PAYMENTS FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Creators: name: Shamer, Sierra Zaid
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: conservation
Costa Rica
ecosystem services
neoliberalism
payments for ecosystem services

description: Payments for ecosystem services (PES) is a conservation mechanism that aims to commodify ecosystems based on the services they provide. PES programs represent a neoliberal approach to conservation by expanding the economy into environmental management. The successful creation of markets in which ecosystem services are valued and sold is thought to ensure their future sustainability. This market-based approach to conservation is considered to be more efficient, transparent, simple, and apolitical than alternative conservation mechanisms. However these benefits are contingent upon the successful establishment of free markets for completely commodified ecosystem services. As PES programs have been implemented, they have consistently failed to create free markets. In this thesis I argue that the requirements of markets and the process of commodification are incompatible with the characteristics of ecosystems. Due to this incompatibility, policymakers are forced to alter the design of PES programs in such a way that they are not demand generating, self-sufficient free markets as anticipated by theory. The success of PES programs in maintaining or increasing the provision of ecosystem services is unclear, as is the claim that they will simultaneously reduce rural poverty. In this thesis, I provide a critical analysis of Costa Rica's PES program to demonstrate the translation of neoliberal economic theory to state environmental policy.
Quasi-Two Dimensional Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors with Arbitrary Carrier Degeneracy
Creators: name: Meilikhov, E. Z
name: Farzetdinova, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the generalized mean field theory, conditions for arising the ferromagnetic state in a two-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductor and the features of that state are defined. RKKY-interaction of magnetic impurities is supposed. The spatial disorder of their arrangement and temperature alteration of the carrier degeneracy are taken into account.
Investigation of bifunctional chemical crosslinking reagents for studying 3D structures of biomolecules by mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Zhang, Qingrong
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2007
Subjects: Chemistry, Analytical (0486)

description: Evaluating the 3D structure of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and their complexes is crucial to understand the relationship between their structure and function. Currently, x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy are the primary techniques used for studying topological organization of biomolecules. However, obtaining good quality crystals is the bottleneck of the x-ray investigation and NMR has significant size limitations. A possible alternative requires employing crosslinking reagents in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) to identify the contacts between nucleic acid or protein components. This method has been called mass spectrometry 3-dimensional (MS3D). This research dissertation started with the evaluation of existing crosslinking reagents as possible MS3D probes and established the baseline conditions for the application of structural probes. Different classes of reagents were taken into consideration including nitrogen mustards, platinum compounds, 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, triazines and some other synthetic antitumor agents. After baseline reaction conditions were established for the various crosslinking reagents, we demonstrated that MS3D could provide valid structure information using a fully characterized RNA substrate from HIV-1, SL1A. Then we tackled two RNA peudoknots, VPK and FIV-PK, which play important roles in ribosomal frameshifting. Nitrogen mustard (NM) was used as the main crosslinking reagent to obtain valid spatial constraints. All-atom models were generated for both VPK and FIV-PK: the MS3D model of the former compared very favorably with the corresponding NMR structure, providing only an average of 3 ? root mean square deviation. In the absence of a high-resolution structure, the model of FIV-PK constitutes the first example of an unknown 3D structure solved exclusively by MS3D. To expand the MS3D database with reagents manifesting a wide range of target specificity, arginine specific reagents were also developed. The arginine specificity and crosslinking ability of the developed reagents were confirmed by their application on three model proteins. Finally, we described our efforts in developing novel hetero-bifunctional reagents for specifically targeting protein-nucleic acids complexes. We selected metal chelates as the functional group with specificity toward the phosphate groups of nucleic acids, epichlorohydrin as the second reactive group of the hetero-functional crosslinker, which was intended to target cognate proteins. Our data showed that IDA-Ga3+ and IDA-Al3+ bound most tightly to DNA substrates than other metal chelates. The coupling of the second function group to the metal chelate was readily performed and the coupled bifunctional reagent retained DNA binding ability.
THE CHICKENS' GRAIN: UNDERSTANDING CONTESTATIONS AROUND LAND-USE BEST PRACTICES ON MARYLAND'S EASTERN SHORE.
Creators: name: Schall, Daniel MIchael
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agricultural BMPs
Attitudes
Chesapeake Bay
Land-use
Maryland's Eastern Shore
Q Methodology

description: Chesapeake Bay waters are polluted, and scientific research indicates that agricultural land-use contributes significantly to this problem. In response, experts from various disciplines have helped develop a series of agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) that are designed to improve bay water quality. Unfortunately, attitudes between farmers and environmental professionals (regulators, environmentalists, and scientists) about the appropriateness of these practices can be polarized, especially over the degree to which agricultural practices actually degrade water quality. In this thesis, I closely examine this issue of polarization over agricultural BMPs through interviews and a Q methodology conducted among a broad range of Chesapeake Bay stakeholders. I find that Eastern Shore farmers contest environmental professional expertise to justify their personal opposition to particular land-use regulations. I argue that an understanding of the different ways in which farmers defend their opposition to land-use regulations has significant implications for scholarship on environmental management, which has, to date, largely focused on how socioeconomic and environmental variables are shaping attitudes toward best management practices. This thesis finds that farmers deny the very epistemic validity of the expertise upon which best management recommendations, and land use regulations, are based. In short, the findings of this thesis should inform environmental management because they expose often-hidden elements of opposition related to the validity of scientific knowledge claims themselves, and suggest that polarization between land users and environmental professionals is even more intractable than it first appears.
On invariant Mobius measure and Gauss-Kuzmin face distribution
Creators: name: Karpenkov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J70; 11K50

description: There exists and is unique up to multiplication by a constant function a form of the highest dimension on the manifold of n-dimensional continued fractions in the sense of Klein, such that the form is invariant under the natural action of the group of projective transformations PGL(n+1). A measure corresponding to the integral of such form is called a Mobius measure. In the present paper we deduce an explicit formulae to calculate invariant forms in special coordinates. These formulae allow to give answers to some statistical questions of theory of multidimensional continued fractions. As an example, we show in this work the results of approximate calculations of frequencies for certain two-dimensional faces of two-dimensional continued fractions.
Power and Knowledge: Flood Hazard in the Coalfields of Southern West Virginia
Creators: name: Merner, Laura
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: Discourse Analysis
Flood
Historical Materialism
Vulnerability
West Virginia

description: This research explored the interdisciplinary nature of flood hazards to better understand how vulnerability is constructed, perceived, and legitimized. Hazards are understood, managed, and mitigated through the lens of vulnerability. Dominant frameworks of assessing vulnerability, however, fail to adequately account for power relations in the social landscape. Existing methods for addressing vulnerability to hazards over simplify complex interactions between impacted communities, policy makers, and scientific study. There is a need to better address the interconnected dynamics between political structures, social order, and scientific knowledge that results in the exposure of populations to hazards and the associated risks. The following research addresses these shortcomings through the inclusion of critical human geography theories and physical hazard analysis. Theories are derived from post-structuralism and historical materialism to analyze the role of cultural elements for understanding vulnerability. Exposure to hazards are further explored through case study of three flood events conducted to better understand: 1) the physical dynamics of flooding, and 2) perceptions of drivers and impacts of floods. Finally, this work shows that there are multiple narratives of flood vulnerability. Only select narratives are legitimized through the political process.  Specifically, this research addressed five research questions and found that: 1) Since European settlement of West Virginia (WV) space has been socially produced to create vulnerable residential landscapes, 2) There is a mismatch between the hydrologic record of flooding and perceived community impacts for studied flooding events, 3) There are two dominant narratives of flooding in southern WV. The master narrative, which states that flooding is an act of God, is a narrative of inaction. 4) Despite increased support for the counter narrative in the region, the master narrative maintains dominance and continues to influence policy decisions, and 5) Vulnerability of communities in southern WV to flooding has increased over the last 300 years. Ultimately, this research advances current understanding of how vulnerability has been produced and what barriers or next steps need to be addressed to reduce vulnerability.
Learning Control of Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Dong, Daoyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper provides a brief introduction to learning control of quantum systems. In particular, the following aspects are outlined, including gradient-based learning for optimal control of quantum systems, evolutionary computation for learning control of quantum systems, learning-based quantum robust control, and reinforcement learning for quantum control.
description: 9 pages
Evolution of Porosity in Suspension Thermal Sprayed YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings through Neutron Scattering and Image Analysis Techniques
Creators: name: Tejero-Martin, Daniel
name: Bai, Mingwen
name: Mata, Jitendra
name: Hussain, Tanvir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Porosity is a key parameter on thermal barrier coatings, directly influencing thermal conductivity and strain tolerance. Suspension high velocity oxy-fuel (SHVOF) thermal spraying enables the use of sub-micron particles as feedstock, increasing control over porosity and introducing nano-sized pores; these fine-scale porosities being challenging to measure. Neutron scattering represents a non-destructive technique, capable of studying porosity with a pore size range of 1 nm to 10 um, thanks to the combination of small-angle (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) techniques. Image Analysis (IA) on digital images allows for the study of porosity with a size above ~100 nm. In this work, two yttria-stabilised zirconia (ZrO2 with 8 wt.% Y2O3) suspensions were sprayed and heat treated at 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400 °C for 72 h. For the first time in SHVOF 8YSZ, pore size distribution, total porosity and pore morphology were studied using SANS & USANS and IA to determine the effects of heat treatment. X-ray diffraction and micro-hardness measurements were performed to study the phase transformation, and its effects on the mechanical properties of the coating. The results show an abundant presence of nano-pores in the as-sprayed coatings, which are eliminated during heat treatment at 1100 °C; a transition from inter-splat lamellar pores to globular pores and the appearance of micro-cracks along with the accumulation of micro-strains associated with the phase transformation from the initial metastable tetragonal into tetragonal and cubic phases at 1200 °C. The phase transformation was completed at 1400 °C, with no presence of monoclinic phase
Kitaev Spin Liquid Candidate OsxCl3 Comprised of Honeycomb Nano-Domains
Creators: name: Kataoka, K.
name: Hirai, D.
name: Yajima, T.
name: Nishio-Hamane, D.
name: Ishii, R.
name: Choi, K. -Y.
name: Wulferding, D.
name: Lemmens, P.
name: Kittaka, S.
name: Sakakibara, T.
name: Ishikawa, H.
name: Matsuo, A.
name: Kindo, K.
name: Hiroi, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An osmium chloride with the chemical formula of OsxCl3 (x = 0.81) was synthesized and its crystal structure and thermodynamic properties were investigated. OsxCl3 crystallizes in a layered CdCl2-type structure with the triangular lattice partially occupied by Os ions on average. However, on microscopic length scales, the triangular lattice is composed of nano-domains with a honeycomb arrangement of Os ions, as observed by electron microscopy and Raman scattering experiments. Magnetization and heat capacity measurements revealed an absence of magnetic long-range order down to 0.08 K, while a broad peak in heat capacity at 0.15 K may indicate a short-range order in the local honeycomb lattice. OsxCl3 may exhibit certain aspects of the Kitaev spin liquid that are expected for a perfect honeycomb lattice of osmium trichloride.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Design of an Externally Driven Current Cloak
Creators: name: García-Gordillo, A. S.
name: Altshuler, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An inhomogeneity into a conductive matrix deforms the flow pattern of an applied electric current. A usual current cloak can be defined as a permanent modification of the matrix properties around the inhomogeneity guaranteeing that the current flow pattern is similar before and after passing by the modified zone, so it implies the "electrical invisibility" of the inhomogeneous region. Here we introduce the concept of a current cloak that can be tuned --switched on and off, for example-- by means on an external field. We demonstrate analytically and using Finite Elements Simulations that a current cloak can be constructed and manipulated by an external magnetic field for a concrete system consisting in a magneto-resistive matrix with a stainless steel inclusion.
Efficient and effective subimage similarity matching for large image databases
Creators: name: Leung, Kai Sang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: As network connectivity has continued, its explosive growth and storage devices have become smaller, faster, arid less expensive, the number of on-line digital images has increased rapidly] Correspondingly, efficient and effective content-based retrieval systems for handling image queries have become necessary. In addition, users are often interested in local contents within subimages. In this thesis, we develop Padding and Reduction Algorithms to support subimage queries of arbitrary size based on local color information. The idea is to estimate the best-case lower bound to the dissimilarity measure between the query and the image. By making use of multiscale representation, this lower bound becomes tighter as the scale becomes finer. Because image contents are usually pre-extracted and stored, a key issue is how to determine the number of levels used in the representation. We address this issue analytically by estimating the required CPU and I/O costs, and experimentally by comparing the performance and the accuracy of the outcomes of various filtering schemes. Our findings suggest that a 3-level hierarchy is preferred. We also study three strategies for searching multiple scales. Our studies indicate that the hybrid strategy with horizontal filtering on the coarse level and vertical filtering on remaining levels is the best choice when using Padding and Reduction Algorithms. Using the hybrid search strategy in the multiscale representation with the determined number of levels, the best 10 desired images can be retrieved efficiently and effectively from a collection of a thousand images in about 3.5 seconds.
On factorization of q-difference equation for continuous q-Hermite polynomials
Creators: name: Atakishiyev, M. N.
name: Klimyk, A. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D45; 39A13

description: We argue that a customary q-difference equation for the continuous q-Hermite polynomials H_n(x|q) can be written in the factorized form as (D_q^2 - 1)H_n(x|q)=(q^{-n}-1)H_n(x|q), where D_q is some explicitly known q-difference operator. This means that the polynomials H_n(x|q) are in fact governed by the q-difference equation D_qH_n(x|q)=q^{-n/2}H_n(x|q), which is simpler than the conventional one.
description: 7 pages
Pain in rabbits: a review for veterinary nurses, part one: assessment of pain
Creators: name: Aneesa Malik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Pain management involves considering pain, recognising pain, and managing pain. This three-part article will focus on recognition and management of pain in rabbits. Part One (this article) will look at assessment and recognition of pain. This discusses the physiological and behavioural signs that indicate pain. Part Two (next article) will look at managing pain. Analgesic options are discussed to cover all aspects of the pain pathway. Dose ranges for constant rate infusions are available. Local anaesthesia and analgesia techniques are discussed. Part Three will look at managing chronic pain in rabbits at home.
SAURON observations of Sa bulges: the formation of a kinematically decoupled core in NGC5953
Creators: name: Falcón-Barroso, J.
name: Bacon, R.
name: Bureau, M.
name: Cappellari, M.
name: Davies, R. L.
name: de Zeeuw, P. T.
name: Emsellem, E.
name: Fathi, K.
name: Krajnovic, D.
name: Kuntschner, H.
name: McDermid, R. M.
name: Peletier, R. F.
name: Sarzi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from our ongoing effort to understand the nature and evolution of nearby galaxies using the SAURON integral-field spectrograph. In this proceeding we focus on the study of the particular case formed by the interacting galaxies NGC5953 and NGC5954. We present stellar and gas kinematics of the central regions of NGC5953. We use a simple procedure to determine the age of the stellar populations in the central regions and argue that we may be witnessing the formation of a kinematically decoupled component from cold gas being acquired during the ongoing interaction with NGC5954.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in "Science Perspectives for 3D Spectroscopy", eds. M. Kissler-Patig, M. M. Roth and J. R. Walsh, ESO Astrophysics Symposia
Reversible self-assembly of patchy particles into monodisperse icosahedral clusters
Creators: name: Wilber, Alex W.
name: Doye, Jonathan P. K.
name: Louis, Ard A.
name: Noya, Eva G.
name: Miller, Mark A.
name: Wong, Pauline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We systematically study the design of simple patchy sphere models that reversibly self-assemble into monodisperse icosahedral clusters. We find that the optimal patch width is a compromise between structural specificity (the patches must be narrow enough to energetically select the desired clusters) and kinetic accessibility (they must be sufficiently wide to avoid kinetic traps). Similarly, for good yields the temperature must be low enough for the clusters to be thermodynamically stable, but the clusters must also have enough thermal energy to allow incorrectly formed bonds to be broken. Ordered clusters can form through a number of different dynamic pathways, including direct nucleation and indirect pathways involving large disordered intermediates. The latter pathway is related to a reentrant liquid-to-gas transition that occurs for intermediate patch widths upon lowering the temperature. We also find that the assembly process is robust to inaccurate patch placement up to a certain threshold, and that it is possible to replace the five discrete patches with a single ring patch with no significant loss in yield.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Evolutionary and pulsation properties of Type II Cepheids
Creators: name: Bono, G.
name: Braga, V. F.
name: Fiorentino, G.
name: Salaris, M.
name: Pietrinferni, A.
name: Castellani, M.
name: Di Criscienzo, M.
name: Fabrizio, M.
name: Martínez-Vázquez, C. E.
name: Monelli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the observed pulsation properties of Type II Cepheids (TIICs) in the Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds. The period (P) distributions, luminosity amplitudes and population ratios of the three different sub-groups (BL Herculis[BLH, P<5 days], W Virginis [WV, 520 days]) are quite similar in different stellar systems, suggesting a common evolutionary channel and a mild dependence on both metallicity and environment. We present a homogeneous theoretical framework based on Horizontal Branch (HB) evolutionary models, envisaging that TIICs are mainly old (t<10 Gyr), low-mass stars. The BLHs are predicted to be post early asymptotic giant branch (PEAGB) stars (double shell burning) on the verge of reaching their AGB track (first crossing of the instability strip), while WVs are a mix of PEAGB and post-AGB stars (hydrogen shell burning) moving from cool to hot (second crossing). Thus suggesting that they are a single group of variable stars. RVTs are predicted to be a mix of post-AGB stars along their second crossing (short-period tail) and thermally pulsing AGB stars (long-period tail) evolving towards their white dwarf cooling sequence. We also present several sets of synthetic HB models by assuming a bimodal mass distribution along the HB. Theory suggests, in agreement with observations, that TIIC pulsation properties marginally depend on metallicity. Predicted period distributions and population ratios for BLHs agree quite well with observations, while those for WVs and RVTs are almost a factor of two smaller and larger than observed, respectively. Moreover, the predicted period distributions for WVs peak at periods shorter than observed, while those for RVTs display a long period tail not supported by observations. We investigate several avenues to explain these differences, but more detailed calculations are required to address them.
description: Accepted for publication by A&A, 2020
Quantum Fields on the Light Front, Formulation in Coordinates close to the Light Front, Lattice Approximation
Creators: name: Ilgenfritz, E. -M.
name: Paston, S. A.
name: Pirner, H. -J.
name: Prokhvatilov, E. V.
name: Franke, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the fundamental ideas of quantizing a theory on a Light Front including the Hamiltonian approach to the problem of bound states on the Light Front and the limiting transition from formulating a theory in Lorentzian coordinates (where the quantization occurs on spacelike hyperplanes) to the theory on the Light Front, which demonstrates the equivalence of these variants of the theory. We describe attempts to find such a form of the limiting transition for gauge theories on the Wilson lattice.
description: LaTeX 2e, 14 pages
Interaction of edge exciton polaritons with engineered defects in the van der Waals material Bi2Se3
Creators: name: Lingstaedt, Robin
name: Talebi, Nahid
name: Hentschel, Mario
name: Mashhadi, Soudabeh
name: Gompf, Bruno
name: Burghard, Marko
name: Giessen, Harald
name: van Aken, Peter A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperbolic materials exhibit unique properties that enable a variety of intriguing applications in nanophotonics. The topological insulator Bi2Se3 represents a natural hyperbolic optical medium, both in the THz and visible range. Here, using cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we demonstrate that Bi2Se3, in addition to being a hyperbolic material, supports room-temperature exciton polaritons. Moreover, we explore the behavior of hyperbolic edge exciton polaritons in Bi2Se3. Edge polaritons are hybrid modes that result from the coupling of the polaritons bound to the upper and lower edges of Bi2Se3 nanoplatelets. In particular, we use electron energy-loss spectroscopy to compare Fabry-Pérot-like resonances emerging in edge polariton propagation along pristine and artificially structured edges of the nanoplatelets. The experimentally observed scattering of edge polaritons by defect structures was found to be in good agreement with finite-difference time-domain simulations. Moreover, we experimentally proved coupling of localized polaritons in identical open and closed circular nanocavities to the propagating edge polaritons. Our findings are testimony to the extraordinary capability of the hyperbolic polariton propagation to cope with the presence of defects. This provides an excellent basis for applications such as nanooptical circuitry, cloaking at the nanometer scale, as well as nanoscopic quantum technology on the nanoscale.
Approach to equilibrium and non-equilibrium stationary distributions of interacting many-particle systems that are coupled to different heat baths
Creators: name: Netz, Roland R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Hamiltonian-based model of many harmonically interacting massive particles that are subject to linear friction and coupled to heat baths at different temperatures is used to study the dynamic approach to equilibrium and non-equilibrium stationary states. Based on the exactly calculated dynamic approach to the stationary distribution, the functional that governs this approach, which is called the free entropy, is constructed. For the stationary distribution the free entropy becomes maximal and its time derivative is minimal and vanishes. Thus, the free entropy characterizes equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium stationary distributions by their extremal and stability properties. For an equilibrium system, i.e. if all heat baths have the same temperature, the free entropy equals the negative free energy divided by temperature. Using a systematic perturbative scheme for calculating velocity and position correlations in the overdamped massless limit, explicit results for few particles are presented: For two particles localization in position and momentum space is demonstrated in the non-equilibrium stationary state, indicative of a tendency to phase separate. For three elastically interacting particles heat flows from a particle coupled to a cold reservoir to a particle coupled to a warm reservoir if the third reservoir is sufficiently hot. Active particle models can be described in the same general framework, which thereby allows to characterize their entropy production not only in the stationary state but also in the approach to the stationary non-equilibrium state. Finally, the connection to non-equilibrium thermodynamics formulations that include the reservoir entropy production is discussed.