cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiphoton supercoherent states
Creators: name: Díaz-Bautista, Erik
name: C, David J Fernández
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we are going to build the multiphoton supercoherent states for the supersymmetric harmonic oscillator as eigenstates of the $m$-th power of a special form (but still with a free parameter) of the Kornbluth-Zypman supersymmetric annihilation operator. They become expressed in terms of the multiphoton coherent states for the standard harmonic oscillator. The Heisenberg uncertainty relation and some statistical properties for these states will be studied. Since the multiphoton supercoherent states turn out to be periodic, then the associated geometric phases will be as well evaluated.
description: 36 pages, 47 figures
Quantum Magnetism in Minerals
Creators: name: Inosov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of magnetism by the ancient Greeks was enabled by the natural occurrence of lodestone -- a magnetized version of the mineral magnetite. Nowadays, natural minerals continue to inspire the search for novel magnetic materials with quantum-critical behavior or exotic ground states such as spin liquids. The recent surge of interest in magnetic frustration and quantum magnetism was largely encouraged by crystalline structures of natural minerals realizing pyrochlore, kagome, or triangular arrangements of magnetic ions. As a result, names like azurite, jarosite, volborthite, and others, which were barely known beyond the mineralogical community a few decades ago, found their way into cutting-edge research in solid-state physics. In some cases, the structures of natural minerals are too complex to be synthesized artificially in a chemistry lab, especially in single-crystalline form, and there is a growing number of examples demonstrating the potential of natural specimens for experimental investigations in the field of quantum magnetism. On many other occasions, minerals may guide chemists in the synthesis of novel compounds with unusual magnetic properties. The present review attempts to embrace this quickly emerging interdisciplinary field that bridges mineralogy with low-temperature condensed-matter physics and quantum chemistry.
description: Final version accepted to Adv. Phys. (115 pages, 65 figures, 763 references)
Photoionization and the Formation of Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Quinn, Thomas
name: Katz, Neal
name: Efstathiou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been argued that a UV photoionizing background radiation field suppresses the formation of dwarf galaxies, and may even inhibit the formation of larger galaxies. In order to test this, we present gas-dynamical simulations of the formation of small objects in a CDM universe with and without a photoionizing background. The objects are selected from a collisionless simulation at a redshift of 2.4, and rerun at higher resolution including the effects of gas dynamics and using a hierarchical grid of particles. Five objects, each with a circular speed of 46 km/sec are simulated. The presence of the photoionizing background has only a small effect on the amount of gas that collapses in these objects, reducing the amount of cold collapsed gas by at most 30%. Analysis of the smaller objects found in the higher resolution simulation indicates that the photoionizing background only significantly affects the formation of objects with a virialized halo mass less than 10^9 soalr masses and circular speeds less than 23 km/sec. However, the ionization balance is greatly changed by the presence of the background radiation field. Typical lines of sight through the objects have 4 orders of magnitude less neutral hydrogen column density when the photoionizing background is included.
description: compressed postscript, 5 pages including 4 embedded figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Psittacus borneus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Psittaciformes
Psittacidae
Psittacus
Psittacus borneus

description: Psittacus borneus [spec. nov.]
P. macrourus ruber, remigibus rectricibusque apice viridibus, alis macula caerulea.
Psittacus coccineus, cauda longiore. Edw. av. 173. t. 173.
Habitat in India: Borneo.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 97, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Family of scalar-nonmetricity theories of gravity
Creators: name: Rünkla, Mihkel
name: Vilson, Ott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the class of recently formulated scalar-nonmetricity theories by coupling a five-parameter nonmetricity scalar to a scalar field and considering a mixed kinetic term between the metric and the scalar field. The symmetric teleparallel constraint is invoked by Lagrange multipliers or by inertial variation. The equivalents for the general relativity and ordinary (curvature-based) scalar-tensor theories are obtained as particular cases. We derive the field equations, discuss some technical details, e.g., debraiding, and formulate the Hamilton-like approach.
description: 19 pages, REVTeX 4.1, we added references, wrote out explicitly a few additional expressions, and extended discussion, taking into account also the suggestions by the anonymous referee
Viscoelastic microfluidics: progress and challanges
Creators: name: Zhou, Jian
name: Papautsky, Ian
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The manipulation of cells and particles suspended in viscoelastic fluids in microchannels has drawn increasing attention, in part due to the ability for single-stream three-dimensional focusing in simple channel geometries. Improvement in the understanding of non-Newtonian effects on particle dynamics has led to expanding exploration of focusing and sorting particles and cells using viscoelastic microfluidics. Multiple factors, such as the driving forces arising from fluid elasticity and inertia, the effect of fluid rheology, the physical properties of particles and cells, and channel geometry, actively interact and compete together to govern the intricate migration behavior of particles and cells in microchannels. Here, we review the viscoelastic fluid physics and the hydrodynamic forces in such flows and identify three pairs of competing forces/effects that collectively govern viscoelastic migration. We discuss migration dynamics, focusing positions, numerical simulations, and recent progress in viscoelastic microfluidic applications as well as the remaining challenges. Finally, we hope that an improved understanding of viscoelastic flows in microfluidics can lead to increased sophistication of microfluidic platforms in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.
TACKLING HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY THROUGH ADAPTIVE RESEARCH: LESSONS FROM THE DRYLAND APPLIED RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PROJECT, KENYA
Creators: name: Sutherland, A
name: Irungu, J
name: Kang'ara, J
name: Muthamia, J
name: Ouma, J
name: Sutherland, A
name: Irungu, J
name: Kang'ara, J
name: Muthamia, J
name: Ouma, J
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The already serious food security situation in semi-arid areas of Kenya has been rendered more precarious through the implementation of economic liberalisation measures as part of structural adjustment. Household food insecurity is almost an endemic problem in the semiarid areas of Lower Embu and Tharaka-Nithi Districts of eastern Kenya. The Dryland Applied Research and Extension Project (DAREP), supported by the UK Department for International Development carried out adaptive research in these districts using participatory methods. During informal diagnostic surveys conducted between November 1993 and May 1994 food insecurity was identified as a priority problem. It subsequently became a central theme in the project's research programme. Three specific aspects of household food security were identified . First, even in good years when most households produce sufficient quantities of basic food crops, they still experience a hungry period because they sell some of their output in order to raise cash for other needs. Second, all households lack green vegetables during the dry months, which cover about seven months of the year. Third, periodic droughts create a crisis of hunger for all households. This paper describes the process and methods used for diagnosing food security problems; analysing the causes offood insecurity and the coping strategies which farmers have been using; and planning a range of adaptive research interventions designed to address the priority food security problems. For each problem related to household food security one or more research strategies were outlined and for each strategy several possible activities identified. Fifteen out of sixteen identified research activities addressing the food security problem have been implemented by the project. An implicit assumption of the research approach was that improvements in household food security would be best achieved by improving the overall livelihood base, rather than by concentrating solely on food-specific technologies. The adaptive research intervention strategy was therefore broad based and aimed at increasing the range of technical options available to farmers. Case studies document progress with some interventions, including research on early maturing and drought tolerant varieties of existing food crops, the introduction of new food crops and improvements in animal health. Lessons learned so far are highlighted and the implications for policy and future research are spelt out.
Mimetic Properties of Difference Operators: Product and Chain Rules as for Functions of Bounded Variation and Entropy Stability of Second Derivatives
Creators: name: Ranocha, Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M06, 65M70, 65N06, 65N35

description: For discretisations of hyperbolic conservation laws, mimicking properties of operators or solutions at the continuous (differential equation) level discretely has resulted in several successful methods. While well-posedness for nonlinear systems in several space dimensions is an open problem, mimetic properties such as summation-by-parts as discrete analogue of integration-by-parts allow a direct transfer of some results and their proofs, e.g. stability for linear systems. In this article, discrete analogues of the generalised product and chain rules that apply to functions of bounded variation are considered. It is shown that such analogues hold for certain second order operators but are not possible for higher order approximations. Furthermore, entropy dissipation by second derivatives with varying coefficients is investigated, showing again the far stronger mimetic properties of second order approximations compared to higher order ones.
From statistical inference to a differential learning rule for stochastic neural networks
Creators: name: Saglietti, Luca
name: Gerace, Federica
name: Ingrosso, Alessandro
name: Baldassi, Carlo
name: Zecchina, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Stochastic neural networks are a prototypical computational device able to build a probabilistic representation of an ensemble of external stimuli. Building on the relationship between inference and learning, we derive a synaptic plasticity rule that relies only on delayed activity correlations, and that shows a number of remarkable features. Our "delayed-correlations matching" (DCM) rule satisfies some basic requirements for biological feasibility: finite and noisy afferent signals, Dale's principle and asymmetry of synaptic connections, locality of the weight update computations. Nevertheless, the DCM rule is capable of storing a large, extensive number of patterns as attractors in a stochastic recurrent neural network, under general scenarios without requiring any modification: it can deal with correlated patterns, a broad range of architectures (with or without hidden neuronal states), one-shot learning with the palimpsest property, all the while avoiding the proliferation of spurious attractors. When hidden units are present, our learning rule can be employed to construct Boltzmann machine-like generative models, exploiting the addition of hidden neurons in feature extraction and classification tasks.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures + appendix; total: 28 pages, 10 figures
Losers’ consent and emotions in the aftermath of the Brexit referendum
Creators: name: Tilley, James
name: Hobolt, Sara B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The willingness of voters on the losing side to accept electoral outcomes – losers’ consent – is essential to democratic legitimacy. This article examines the role of emotions in shaping people’s perceptions of electoral fairness, arguing that voters on the losing side who feel angry are less willing to accept democratic outcomes. This is examined in the context of the 2016 Brexit referendum, as well as the 2019 UK general election, using original survey data and an experiment in which specific emotional responses (anger and happiness) are induced to test the causal effect of emotions. The results show that losers who felt angry about an electoral outcome are less likely to accept the legitimacy of the democratic process and that anger has a causal effect in reducing losers’ consent. These findings suggest that politicians may be able to influence voters’ faith in democracy by mobilising emotional responses.
Quantifying the transport properties of solid oxide fuel cell electrodes
Creators: name: Cooper, Samuel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) electrodes is determined both by their porous microstructure and the intrinsic properties of their component materials. This thesis details the development of two characterisation tools for analysis of mass and charge transport processes in SOFC electrode materials. Firstly, a new approach to isotopic exchange is described, which allows the oxygen self- diffusion (D^∗) and effective surface exchange (k^∗) to be measured in ambient atmospheres. This is significant as many similar studies in the literature are limited to investigations in pure, dry oxygen, or other proxy environments, which are not representative of realistic SOFC operating conditions. A finite difference simulation was created to generate profiles that were used to extract material parameters from this “back-exchange” data. The technique was then validated by comparison of the results from two experiments in pure, dry oxygen (both single step and back-exchange), which demonstrated good agreement with values of D ∗ and k ∗ in the literature, for the common SOFC cathode material La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3−δ (LSCF6428). A third experiment found the surface exchange coefficient to increase by a factor of 5 when exchanged under ambient conditions compared with pure, dry oxygen. Secondly, following an introduction to the tortuosity factor, X-ray tomography was used to 3D image micro-tubular (MT) samples ( c. 1 mm diameter) at three key length-scales. A zirconia based MT-Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell (SOEC) was imaged at the whole cell level, both before and after 300 hours operation at 750◦ C . Current collector contact was found to be poor even before operation, but afterwards the paste was seen to agglomerate into metallic silver and no longer span the gap to the current collector wire, which further degraded contact. A ceria based MT-SOFC with a hierarchical microstructure was then imaged at both the micro- and nanoscale. The geometry data was used to determine that the tortuosity factor of this radial system was significantly higher when measured at either length-scale in isolation, than when considered together in a multi length-scale model.
Neural mechanisms of sleep and anaesthesia
Creators: name: Steinberg, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The daily transition we take in and out of sleep is ancient and occurs in all known mammals. Ancient also is human manipulation of this transition – across cultures there have been herbal remedies to prolong wake, shorten latency to sleep and induce a state of reversible unconsciousness known as anaesthesia. While we have discovered specific brain structures necessary for maintenance of sleep and wake and protein channels targeted by anaesthetics, much still remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate which neuronal pathways are recruited in sleep, wake and anaesthesia by studying the EEG and behaviour of genetically manipulated mice. Study of TASK-3 potassium channel knockout mice, which are less sensitive to anaesthetics, revealed increased wakefulness, resistance to stress and normal sensitivity to wake-promoting compounds. These mice also unexpectedly revealed an inability to return to normal temperature after drug-induced hypothermia. Meanwhile, study of mice in which the wake-active locus coeruleus (LC) was selectively manipulated using adeno-associated viral vectors revealed that LC suppression increases rapid-eye-movement sleep. Conversely, selective activation of the LC via designer drug receptors maintained wake but paradoxically produced behavioural arrest. Both studies reveal that the neuronal mechanisms that control sleep and anaesthesia are complex. Manipulation of crucial channels (TASK-3) and crucial regions (LC) change sensitivity to specific anaesthetics and produce distinct changes in sleep-wake that cannot be generalized to all anaesthetics or all aspects of sleep architecture. Nevertheless, these findings contribute novel insights into individual components of the ancient and complex neural circuits that orchestrate sleep, wake and anaesthesia.
The roles of AMPK and LKB1 in hormone secreting cells
Creators: name: Sayers, Sophie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Regulation of insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell and glucagon secretion from the α-cell is vital for the control of normal glucose homeostasis. Dysfunction may lead to some forms of Diabetes. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a tumour suppressor that is mutated in the premalignant disorder Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS). PJS is characterised by the formation of polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. LKB1 exerts its biological effect via direct phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and related kinases. The incretin hormones glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1), secreted from proglucagon-expressing enteroendocrine L-cells, is involved in the regulation of appetite and glucose homeostasis. Therefore, GLP-1 is considered of therapeutic value in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Both LKB1 and AMPK have been shown to play some role in insulin secretion. However, the role of LKB1 and AMPK in proglucagon-expressing cells in regulating GLP-1 secretion and glucose homeostasis has yet to be studied in vivo. In this study, we investigate how LKB1 contributes to insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells by deleting LKB1 using a β-cell selective Ins1Cre promoter in mice. I also explore the roles of LKB1 and AMPKα1α2 in proglucagon-expressing cells including enteroendocrine L-cells of the gut and pancreatic α-cells using a proglucagon specific iGluCre promoter. Deletion of LKB1 in β-cells resulted in two opposing effects. (1) Glucose tolerance and β-cell mass were increased and (2) the cytosolic ATP/ADP and Ca2+ response to glucose was impaired. Despite these effects, insulin secretion in vitro remained unaffected. Moreover, deletion of LKB1 resulted in amplification of a glutamate-induced signalling pathway. Therefore, ablation of LKB1 amplifies other pathways which compensates for impairments in cytosolic and mitochondrial function. Deletion of LKB1 in proglucagon-expressing cells has no effect on GLP-1 secretion or glucose homeostasis but result in the development of large gastro-duodenal polyps. On the other hand, deletion of AMPK from these cells improves glucose tolerance as well as L-cell mass and GLP-1 secretion. Therefore, both LKB1 and AMPK play roles in normal insulin secretion. Targeting inhibition of these kinases in β- and L-cells may thus provide a new therapeutic strategy in some forms of Type 2 Diabetes.
Statistical uncertainty analysis for small-sample, high log-variance data: Cautions for bootstrapping and Bayesian bootstrapping
Creators: name: Mostofian, Barmak
name: Zuckerman, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent advances in molecular simulations allow the evaluation of previously unattainable observables, such as rate constants for protein folding. However, these calculations are usually computationally expensive and even significant computing resources may result in a small number of independent estimates spread over many orders of magnitude. Such small-sample, high "log-variance" data are not readily amenable to analysis using the standard uncertainty (i.e., "standard error of the mean") because unphysical negative limits of confidence intervals result. Bootstrapping, a natural alternative guaranteed to yield a confidence interval within the minimum and maximum values, also exhibits a striking systematic bias of the lower confidence limit in log space. As we show, bootstrapping artifactually assigns high probability to improbably low mean values. A second alternative, the Bayesian bootstrap strategy, does not suffer from the same deficit and is more logically consistent with the type of confidence interval desired. The Bayesian bootstrap provides uncertainty intervals that are more reliable than those from the standard bootstrap method, but must be used with caution nevertheless. Neither standard nor Bayesian bootstrapping can overcome the intrinsic challenge of under-estimating the mean from small-size, high log-variance samples. Our conclusions are based on extensive analysis of model distributions and re-analysis of multiple independent atomistic simulations. Although we only analyze rate constants, similar considerations will apply to related calculations, potentially including highly non-linear averages like the Jarzynski relation.
description: Added whole new section on the analysis of continuous distributions
Infalling Gas Towards the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: VLA maps of ammonia emission were made for the Galactic Center region. The NH3(1,1) and NH3(2,2) transitions were observed in three 2' x 2' fields covering Sgr A* and the region 3' immediately south of it. In the central 3 parsecs surrounding Sgr A* we find emission which appears to be associated with the circumnuclear disk (CND), both morphologically and kinematically. This central emission is connected to a long, narrow 2 pc x 10 pc streamer of clumpy molecular gas located towards the south, which appears to be carrying gas from the nearby 20 km/s giant molecular cloud (GMC) to the circumnuclear region. We find a velocity gradient along the streamer, with progressively higher velocities as the gas approaches Sgr A*. The streamer stops at the location of the CND, where the line width of the NH3 emission increases dramatically. This may be the kinematic signature of accretion onto the CND. The ratio of the NH3(2,2)/NH3(1,1) emission indicates that the gas is heated at the northern tip of the streamer, located inside the eastern edge of the CND. The morphology, kinematics and temperature gradients of the gas all indicate that the southern streamer is located at the Galactic Center and is interacting with the circumnuclear region.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted by The Astrophysical Journal (figure 1 contours have been corrected)
A Bayesian Optimization AdaBN-DCNN Method with Self-Optimized Structure and Hyperparameters for Domain Adaptation Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Creators: name: Li, J
name: He, David
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) of mechanical equipment provides a timely understanding of the equipment degradation and is critical for predictive maintenance of the equipment. In recent years, the applications of deep learning (DL) methods to predict equipment RUL have attracted much attention. There are two major challenges when applying the DL methods for RUL prediction: (1) It is difficult to select the prediction model structure and hyperparameters such as network depth, learning rate, batch size, and etc. (2) The developed prediction model is domain dependent, i.e., it can only give good prediction performance in one data domain (one particular type of working conditions and fault modes). In order to meet the challenges, a novel RUL prediction method developed using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) combined with Bayesian optimization and adaptive batch normalization (AdaBN) is presented in this paper. The proposed RUL prediction model is validated by the turbofan engine degradation simulation dataset provided by NASA. The prediction results show that the proposed prediction model provides better prediction results than model structures obtained by random search and grid search. The results also show that the domain adaptation capability of the prediction model has been improved.
Nonlinear Evolution of Genus in Primordial Random-Gaussian Density Field
Creators: name: Matsubara, Takahiko
name: Suto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The genus statistics is studied using large $N$-body simulations for several cosmological models. We consider the effects of nonlinear gravitational evolution, smoothing the particle data in fully nonlinear regime, and the redshift-space distortion on the genus curve. Detailed comparison between the theoretical prediction in weakly nonlinear theory and the appropriate simulation results shows that the analytic formula describes the behavior of genus in weakly nonlinear regime fairly accurately. We also find that the redshift-space distortion on genus statistics is small in linear and weakly nonlinear regimes. We conclude that if weakly nonlinear theory and direct numerical simulations are combined, the normalized genus curve $G(ν)/G(0)$ is a powerful tool to directly check the random-Gaussian paradigm of the origin of the large-scale structure in the universe.
description: 20 pages, uuencoded gzipped postscript, to appear in ApJ
Optical and near-infrared imaging of faint Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum sources
Creators: name: Snellen, I.
name: Schilizzi, R. T.
name: Bremer, M. N.
name: de Bruyn, A. G.
name: Miley, G. K.
name: Rottgering, H. J. A.
name: McMahon, R. G.
name: Fournon, I. Perez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sample of 47 faint Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) radio sources selected from the Westerbork Northern Sky Survey (WENSS, Rengelink et al. 1997), has been imaged in the optical and near infrared, resulting in an identification fraction of 87%. The R-I and R-K colours of the faint optical counterparts are as expected for passively evolving elliptical galaxies, assuming that they follow the R band Hubble diagram as determined for radio-bright GPS galaxies. We have found evidence that the radio spectral properties of the GPS quasars are different from those of GPS galaxies: The observed distribution of radio spectral peak frequencies for GPS sources optically identified with bright stellar objects (presumably quasars) is shifted compared with GPS sources identified with faint or extended optical objects (presumably galaxies), in the sense that a GPS quasar is likely to have a higher peak frequency than a GPS galaxy. This means that the true peak frequency distribution is different for the GPS galaxies and quasars, because the sample selection effects are independent of optical identification. The correlation between peak frequency and redshift as has been suggested for bright sources has not been found in this sample; no correlation exists between R magnitude (and therefore redshift) and peak frequency for the GPS galaxies. We therefore believe that the claimed correlation is actually caused by the dependence of the peak frequency on optical host, because the GPS galaxies are in general at lower redshifts than the quasars. The difference in the peak frequency distributions of the GPS galaxies and quasars is further evidence against the hypothesis that they form a single class of object.
description: LaTeX, 12 pages. Accepted by MNRAS. For Fig. 8 and more info, see http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~snellen
Spectrum of the Supernova Relic Neutrino Background and Evolution of Galaxies
Creators: name: Totani, Tomonori
name: Sato, Katsuhiko
name: Yoshii, Yuzuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of the supernova relic neutrino background (SRN) from collapse-driven supernovae ever occurred in the universe is calculated by using a realistic, time-dependent supernova rate derived from a standard model of galaxy evolution based on the population synthesis method. The SRN spectrum we show here is the most realistic at present, because the largest uncertainty in previous theoretical predictions has come from unrealistic assumptions of the supernova rate so far made. The SRN is one of the targets of the Superkamiokande (SK) detector which will be constructed in a year and the SRN, if at all detected, would provide a new tool to probe the history of supernova explosions in the universe. The expected event rate at the SK is therefore calculated in this paper. Our major results include: (1) the supernova rate is much higher in the early phase of evolution of galaxies and there appears a hump in the SRN spectrum in the low-energy region of $\ltilde 5$ MeV, (2) the SRN flux depends on the Hubble constant ($H_0$) in a way approximately proportional to $H_0^2$ and only weakly on the density parameter of the universe ($Ω_0$) and a cosmological constant ($λ_0$), and (3) the plausible event rate at the SK is 1.2 yr$^{-1}$ in the observable energy range. Such a low event rate is due mainly to a quite low supernova rate at present which is averaged over the morphological types of galaxies. The most optimistic rate in our model is found to be 4.7 yr$^{-1}$, and if more events are detected, we will have to reconsider our current understanding of collapse-driven supernovae and evolution of galaxies.
description: 25 pages, uuencoded gziped postscript, including all figures. Accepted in ApJ. The preprint is also availale on http://www-utap.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SN/index-e.html
Compressed Sensing of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) on Non-Rectangular Scans
Creators: name: Li, Xin
name: Dyck, Ondrej
name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
name: Jesse, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) has become the main stay for materials characterization on atomic level, with applications ranging from visualization of localized and extended defects to mapping order parameter fields. In the last several years, attention was attracted by potential of STEM to explore beam induced chemical processes and especially manipulating atomic motion, enabling atom-by-atom fabrication. These applications, as well as traditional imaging of beam sensitive materials, necessitate increasing dynamic range of STEM between imaging and manipulation modes, and increasing absolute scanning/imaging speeds, that can be achieved by combining sparse sensing methods with non-rectangular scanning trajectories. Here we developed a general method for real-time reconstruction of sparsely sampled images from high-speed, non-invasive and diverse scanning pathways. This approach is demonstrated on both the synthetic data where ground truth is known and the experimental STEM data. This work lays the foundation for future tasks such as optimal design of dose efficient scanning strategies and real-time adaptive inference and control of e-beam induced atomic fabrication.
description: Accepted by Microscopy and Microanalysis as a full article. GPU implementation available at https://github.com/nonmin/RTSSTEM
Psittacus solstitialis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Psittaciformes
Psittacidae
Psittacus
Psittacus solstitialis

description: Psittacus solstitialis [spec. nov.]
P. macrourus luteus, alarum tectricibus viridibus, cauda forficata.
Psittacus angolensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 13. t. 13.
Habitat in Guinea.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 97, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Optimal proper motion measurements with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera
Creators: name: Ibata, Rodrigo
name: Lewis, Geraint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An optimal maximum-likelihood technique for computing point-source image centroids from many, slightly offset, CCD frames is presented. The method is especially useful for measuring stellar proper motions from data taken with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera aboard the HST, and also provides a means to identify very compact non-stellar sources. We work though the example problem of obtaining image centroids of objects in the Hubble Deep Field.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the AJ
Stellar Populations of Bulges and Disks: New Insights from Near-IR Colours
Creators: name: Peletier, R. F.
name: Balcells, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colours of spiral galaxies generally are affected by the underlying old stellar population, younger stars, and extinction by dust. Old and young populations generally can be disentangled using a combination of blue and near-infrared colours. Extinction effects are very hard to take into account, except for galaxies with special orientations. In this paper we give some results of one of the first studies of galactic bulges and disks in various optical and near-infrared bands, and its implications for the stellar populations of spirals.
description: 8 pages uuencoded compressed postscript. Fig. 1 available by anonymous ftp from ftp://iac.es/pub/rpelet/spir/figspi.ps.Z Invited contribution to the ESO Workshop on "Spiral Galaxies in the Near-IR", eds: D. Minniti and H.-W. Rix
Colloid-stabilised bubbles: particle expulsion triggered by external fields
Creators: name: Poulichet, Vincent Pierre
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Colloidal particles at fluid interfaces are used as precursors in many applications and for the manufacture of novel material, principally because they give outstanding stability to foams and emulsions. The stability is attributed to the large decrease in energy associated with the adsorption of a particle at a fluid-fluid interface, of the order of a million times the thermal energy kT for micrometric particles. In some applications, particle removal from fluid-fluid interfaces is needed, for example, when reactions use expensive colloidal particles, or to achieve phase separation. However, because of the strong attachment, particle removal from fluid-fluid interfaces is challenging. There is a need for new techniques for particle removal that can be controlled and precisely triggered. We study the destabilisation of particle-coated bubbles using two external fields: temperature and pressure. We choose particle-coated bubbles because they are the paradigm of stabilisation by particles. The destabilisation via temperature is triggered by cooling the external liquid. Cooling the external phase results in an enhanced gas diffusion. In this way, we obtained a steady delivery of all the adsorbed particles. The destabilisation via pressure is achieved by applying ultrasound waves to bubbles to drive them into ultrafast volumetric oscillations. These oscillations cause strong interfacial deformations capable of delivering particles in under a millisecond. The techniques developed to manipulate coated bubbles and trigger desorption are remotely triggered and scaleable, with relevance to various applications such as controlled particle delivery and recovery.
Creativity in the Malaysian ESL (English as a second language) curriculum: Policy and implementation
Creators: name: Halim, Huzaina Abdul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The Malaysian English as a second language (ESL) Curriculum Specification states that “students should be able to express themselves creatively and imaginatively” (Curriculum Specification for English, p.21) and teachers are encouraged to develop learners’ imagination and creativity. However, there is tension between this policy and its implementation. In practice the focus is on examination grades, and consequently teaching mostly concentrates on knowledge transmission rather than on developing understanding. This approach does not appear to develop creativity or to comply with policy. This study examines how the government’s education policy on creativity is interpreted and implementedin the ESL curriculum. It takes a broad case-study approach, examining key stakeholders’ definitions of creativity and how these impact on policy implementation and exploring contextual factors, using a single representative school as a ‘working unit’ of ESL teaching. The research questions are: 1) How do different stakeholders define creativity? ; 2) How do different conceptions of creativity impact on policy implementation?; and 3) What are the contextual factors which impact the definition and understanding of creativity in the ESL curriculum? The key findings are that, while stakeholder groups have different definitions of creativity, these are overlapping and not problematic in practice. Contextual factors such as the rigid exam focus and limited time and resources present more significant barriers to promoting creativity.This is exacerbated by the fact that, while stakeholder groups share overlapping definitions of creativity, they do not all appreciate the difficulties of implementation. The UK Creative partnerships approach which brought in multiple types of creativity and creative people into schools for children is also discussed in comparison with the Malaysian approach which set out to add creativity to the curriculum. In conclusion, the policy appears ambitious and idealistic, limiting its chances of successful implementation. While defining creativity is not the problem, perhaps bringing people together to agree a consensually acceptable common definition might be useful, not because the definition itself is problematic, but because the process of discussion might make the issues of implementation more explicit to all concerned.
Gravitationally Lensed Sub-mm Sources towards Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Cooray, Asantha R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of galaxy clusters with the SCUBA instrument on the James Clarke Maxwell Telescope have revealed a sample of gravitationally lensed sources at sub-mm wavelengths. We extend our previous calculation on the expected number of lensed optical arcs and radio sources to study the sub-mm lensed source statistics due to foreground massive clusters. For a flat cosmology with Omega_m=0.4 and Omega_Lambda =0.6, we predict roughly 1.5 \times 10^4 lensed sub-mm sources with flux densities greater than 4 mJy at 850 microns, and with amplifications due to lensing greater than 2, towards galaxy clusters with X-ray luminosities greater than 8 x 10^44 h^-2 ergs s^-1 (0.3 to 3.5 keV band). We compare our predictions with observations from the SCUBA instrument, and briefly consider the possibility of using the South Pole 10-m sub-mm telescope and the Planck surveyor to identify lensed sub-mm sources. A catalog of around 100 gravitationally lensed sources at 353 GHz may be a useful by-product of Planck.
description: 4 pages, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
S-money: virtual tokens for a relativistic economy
Creators: name: Kent, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose definitions and implementations of "S-money" - virtual tokens designed for high value fast transactions on networks with relativistic or other trusted signalling constraints, defined by inputs that in general are made at many network points, some or all of which may be space-like separated. We argue that one significant way of characterising types of money in space-time is via the "summoning" tasks they can solve: that is, how flexibly the money can be propagated to a desired space-time point in response to relevant information received at various space-time points. We show that S-money is more flexible than standard quantum or classical money in the sense that it can solve deterministic summoning tasks that they cannot. It requires the issuer and user to have networks of agents with classical data storage and communication, but no long term quantum state storage, and is feasible with current technology. User privacy can be incorporated by secure bit commitment and zero knowledge proof protocols. The level of privacy feasible in given scenarios depends on efficiency and composable security questions that remain to be systematically addressed.
description: Revised in response to comments
Be stars in and around young clusters in the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Keller, Stefan C
name: Wood, Peter R
name: Bessell, Michael S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a search for Be stars in six fields centered on the young clusters NGC 330 and NGC 346 in the SMC, and NGC 1818, NGC 1948, NGC 2004 and NGC 2100 in the LMC. Be stars were identified by differencing R band and narrow-band H$α$ CCD images. Our comparatively large images provide substantial Be star populations both within the clusters and in their surrounding fields. Magnitudes, positions and finding charts are given for the 224 Be stars found. The fraction of Be stars to normal B stars within each cluster is found to vary significantly although the average ratio is similar to the average Be to B star ratio found in the Galaxy. In some clusters, the Be star population is weighted to magnitudes near the main sequence turn-off. The Be stars are redder in $V$$-$$I$ than normal main-sequence stars of similar magnitude and the redness increases with increasing H$α$ emission strength.
description: 20 pages, 24 figures, A&AS accepted
Complete positivity of non-Markovian quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Witt, Björn Carsten
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The hierarchy equations of motion provide an elegant formalism for the description of non-Markovian quantum dynamics, which has successfully been applied to a broad variety of physical problems ranging from light-harvesting complexes to resonant tunnelling junctions. When these equations are derived from microscopic models of system and environment, then they typically expand to an infinite series of coupled differential equations. The truncation of this series is accompanied by an approximation of the dynamics and can give rise to a violation of complete positivity. The goal of this thesis is to investigate under what conditions a set of hierarchy equations of motion induces completely positive dynamics. Such conditions are in particular crucial for a phenomenological understanding of the equations of motion. Several approaches to this problem are proposed and compared for classical systems before a generalisation to quantum mechanical problems is carried out. The main result is a concise set of operator inequalities that are sufficient for complete positivity and that can be implemented efficiently in terms of a semi-definite program. The applicability of this technique is demonstrated by various explicit examples. For truncated hierarchy equations for which a violation of complete positivity is inevitable the framework is extended such that the degree of this violation can be estimated and the validity of the truncation can be gauged. In particular in the presence of initial system-environment correlations a dynamical process can also be considered physically reasonable, when the time evolution is not completely positive and it is shown how hierarchy equations that describe such scenarios can be identified. Eventually, the framework is altered such that it gives rise to conditions on hierarchy equations that are sufficient not only for completely positive but even Markovian dynamics.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Fontenay, premier fragment (XIIIe siècle), Cart. 201 (15 H 9), 175 folios, f. 038v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2009
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire de Fontenay, premier fragment (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 201 (15 H 9), 175 folios. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Fontenay, premier fragment (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 201 (15 H 9), 175 folios, f. 038v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119679755
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/7874015
description: Provenance: abbaye de Fontenay
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/027691802/id
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q464918