cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Common origin for black holes in both high mass X-ray binaries and gravitational-wave sources
Creators: name: Belczynski, K.
name: Done, C.
name: Hagen, S.
name: Lasota, J. -P.
name: Sen, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black-hole (BH) high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems are likely to be the progenitors of BH-BH mergers detected by LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK). Yet merging BHs reach higher masses ($\sim 100M_{\odot}$) than BHs in HMXBs ($\sim 20 M_{\odot}$) and exhibit lower spins ($a_{\rm BH}\lesssim 0.25$ with a larger values tail) than what is often claimed for BHs in HMXBs ($a_{\rm BH}\gtrsim 0.9$). This could suggest that these two classes of systems belong to different populations, but here we show that this may not necessarily be the case. The difference in masses is easily explained as the known HMXB-BHs are in galaxies with relatively high metallicity, so their progenitor stars are subject to strong mass loss from winds, leading to relatively low-mass BH at core collapse. Conversely, LVK is also able to detect BHs from low-metallicity galaxies that produce more massive stellar-origin BHs. The difference in spin is more difficult to explain. Models with efficient angular momentum transport in stellar interiors produce slowly spinning progenitors for both LVK and HMXB BHs. Known HMXBs have orbital periods that are too long for tidal spin-up and are unlikely to have undergone significant accretion spin-up. Instead, we show that the derived value of the BH spin depends strongly on how the HMXB accretion disc emission is modelled. We argue that since Cyg X-1 is never observed in a soft state, the appropriate spectral models must take into account the Comptonisation of the disc photosphere. We show that such models are consistent with low spin values, namely: $a_{\rm BH}\sim 0.1$. This was confirmed by other teams for both Cyg X-1 and LMC X-1 and we show this is also the case for M33 X-7. We conclude that all HMXB BHs can exhibit low spins, in accordance with stellar evolution models. Hence, the observations are consistent with the LVK BHs and HMXB BHs belonging to the same population.
description: A&A, published online 27.09.2024. New, slightly modified title. Version matching the published text
Are We Typical?
Creators: name: Hartle, James B.
name: Srednicki, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian probability theory is used to analyze the oft-made assumption that humans are typical observers in the universe. Some theoretical calculations make the {\it selection fallacy} that we are randomly chosen from a class of objects by some physical process, despite the absence of any evidence for such a process, or any observational evidence favoring our typicality. It is possible to favor theories in which we are typical by appropriately choosing their prior probabilities, but such assumptions should be made explicit to avoid confusion.
description: 7 pages; some clarifications of language and a reference added in v2; minor clarification added in v3
Height pairings for algebraic cycles on the product of a curve and a surface
Creators: name: Zhang, Shou-Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For the product $X=C\times S$ of a curve and a surface over a number field, we construct unconditionally a Beilinson--Bloch type height pairing for homologically trivial algebraic cycles on $X$. Then for an embedding $f: C\to S$, we define an arithmetic diagonal cycle modified from the graph of $f$. This work extends previous work of Gross and Schoen when $S$ is the product of two curves, and is based on our recent work which relates the height pairings and the standard conjectures.
description: Minor revision
Final Report of Mahidol University’s training activities under the International Decision Support Initiative (iDSI). Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program
Creators: name: Usa Chaikledkaew
name: Sitaporn Youngkong
name: Ammarin Thakkinstian
name: Thunyarat Anothaisintawee
name:  Borwornsom Leerapan
name: Varalak Srinonprasert
name: Pattarawalai  Talungchit
name: Nithat Sirichotiratana
name: Sukhontha Kongsin
name: Aronrag Cooper Meeyai
name: Suthee U-Sathaporn
name: Pojjana Hunchangsith
name:  Natthani Meemon
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Since the establishment of the Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University (MU) has continuously provided support to academic institutions and HTArelated organizations in low and middle income countries (LMICs). The goals of which are to conduct training toward HTA strengthening and to develop academic curriculum integrating concepts and applications on HTA. Notably, the trainings provided by MU aimed to capacitate more people in conducting assessments of health technologies. To build capacity, the topics included in the training events are principles and concepts on HTA, evidence retrieval and appraisal, and, methods for economic evaluations, among others.
Multiple Equilibria in a Single-Column Model of the Tropical Atmosphere
Creators: name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Bellon, Gilles
name: Bacmeister, Julio T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A single-column model run under the weak temperature gradient approximation, a parameterization of large-scale dynamics appropriate for the tropical atmosphere, is shown to have multiple stable equilibria. Under conditions permitting persistent deep convection, the model has a statistically steady state in which such convection occurs, as well as an extremely dry state in which convection does not occur. Which state is reached depends on the initial moisture profile.
description: Submitted to Geophysical Research Letters
Weighted Lorentz spaces: sharp mixed $A_p-A_{\infty}$ estimate for maximal functions
Creators: name: Accomazzo, Natalia
name: Duoandikoetxea, Javier
name: Nieraeth, Zoe
name: Ombrosi, Sheldy
name: Pérez, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 42B25. Secondary: 42B20

description: We prove the sharp mixed $A_{p}-A_{\infty}$ weighted estimate for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function in the context of weighted Lorentz spaces, namely \[ \|M\|_{L^{p,q}(w)} \lesssim_{p,q,n} [w]^{\frac1p}_{A_p}[σ]^{\frac1{\min(p,q)}}_{A_{\infty}}, \] where $σ=w^{\frac{1}{1-p}}$. Our method is rearrangement free and can also be used to bound similar operators, even in the two-weight setting. We use this to also obtain new quantitative bounds for the strong maximal operator and for $M$ in a dual setting.
description: 16 pages
Final stare interaction enhancement effect on the near threshold p\bar p system in B^\pm\to p\bar p \p^\pm decay
Creators: name: Laporta, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the low-mass enhancement effect in the baryon-antibaryon invariant mass in three-body baryonic B decays using final state interactions in the framework of Regge theory. We show that the rescattering between baryonic pair can reproduce the observed mass spectrum.
description: 7 pages, 11 figures
The high-redshift tail of stellar reionization in LCDM is beyond the reach of the low-$\ell$ CMB
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaohan
name: McQuinn, Matthew
name: Eisenstein, Daniel
name: Irsic, Vid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first generation (Pop-III) stars can ionize 1-10% of the universe by $z=15$, when the metal-enriched (Pop-II) stars may contribute negligibly to the ionization. This low ionization tail might leave detectable imprints on the large-scale CMB E-mode polarization. However, we show that physical models for reionization are unlikely to be sufficiently extended to detect any parameter beyond the total optical depth through reionization. This result is driven in part by the total optical depth inferred by Planck, indicating a reionization midpoint around $z=8$, which in combination with the requirement that reionization completes by $z\approx 5.5$ limits the amplitude of an extended tail. To demonstrate this, we perform semi-analytic calculations of reionization including Pop-III star formation in minihalos with Lyman-Werner feedback. We find that standard Pop-III models need to produce very extended reionization at $z>15$ to be distinguishable at 2-$σ$ from Pop-II-only models, assuming a cosmic variance-limited measurement of the low-$\ell$ EE power spectrum. However, we show that unless there is (1) a late-time quenching mechanism such as from strong X-ray feedback or (2) some other extreme Pop-III scenario, structure formation makes it quite challenging to produce high enough Thomson scattering optical depth from $z>15$, $τ(z>15)$, and still be consistent with other observational constraints on reionization.
description: 11 pages 4 figures + appendix
Structure of the First and Second Neighbor Shells of Water: Quantitative Relation with Translational and Orientational Order
Creators: name: Yan, Zhenyu
name: Buldyrev, Sergey V.
name: Kumar, Pradeep
name: Giovambattista, Nicolas
name: Debenedetti, Pablo G.
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform molecular dynamics simulation of water using the TIP5P model to quantify structural order in both the first shell (defined by four nearest neighbors)and second shell (defined by twelve next-nearest neighbors) of a central water molecule. We find the anomalous decrease of orientational order upon compression occurs in both shells, but the anomalous decrease of translational order upon compression occurs {\it mainly in the second shell}. The decreases of translational and orientational orders upon compression ("structural anomaly") are thus correlated only in the second shell. Our findings quantitatively confirm the qualitative idea that the thermodynamic, dynamic and structural anomalies of water are related to changes in the second shell upon compression.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Asymptotic behaviour of the noisy voter model density process
Creators: name: Pymar, Richard
name: Rivera, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 60J10

description: Given a transition matrix $P$ indexed by a finite set $V$ of vertices, the voter model is a discrete-time Markov chain in $\{0,1\}^V$ where at each time-step a randomly chosen vertex $x$ imitates the opinion of vertex $y$ with probability $P(x,y)$. The noisy voter model is a variation of the voter model in which vertices may change their opinions by the action of an external noise. The strength of this noise is measured by an extra parameter $p \in [0,1]$.
 In this work we analyse the density process, defined as the stationary mass of vertices with opinion 1, i.e. $S_t = \sum_{x\in V} π(x)ξ_t(x)$, where $π$ is the stationary distribution of $P$, and $ξ_t(x)$ is the opinion of vertex $x$ at time $t$. We investigate the asymptotic behaviour of $S_t$ when $t$ tends to infinity for different values of the noise parameter $p$. In particular, by allowing $P$ and $p$ to be functions of the size $|V|$, we show that, under appropriate conditions and small enough $p$ a normalised version of $S_t$ converges to a Gaussian random variable, while for large enough $p$, $S_t$ converges to a Bernoulli random variable. We provide further analysis of the noisy voter model on a variety of specific graphs including the complete graph, cycle, torus and hypercube, where we identify the critical rate $p$ (depending on the size $|V|$) that separates these two asymptotic behaviours.
description: https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-applied-probability/volume-34/issue-5/Asymptotic-behaviour-of-the-noisy-voter-model-density-process/10.1214/24-AAP2074.short
A Silver Anniversary Observation of the X-ray Emitting SN1978K in NGC 1313
Creators: name: Lenz, E.
name: Schlegel, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the results of a 2003 Chandra ACIS-I observation of SN1978K. The spectrum shows little flux below 0.6 keV, in contrast to the 2002 ACIS-S observation that showed flux to 0.4 keV. Fitting the ACIS-I spectrum alone leads to two solutions depending upon the value of the column density. A joint fit using a dual thermal plasma model applied to the ACIS-I and a contemporaneous XMM spectrum, which if fit alone also leads to a two-column solution, yields a single column density fit. The fitted temperature of the joint fit for the soft component remains constant with the errors from previous Chandra, XMM, and ASCA data. The hard temperature recovers from its 2000-2002 decline and corresponds to an increase in the column density during that time. The hard (2-10 keV) light curve is confirmed to be declining. The derived number density represents a lower limit of 1e5 depending upon the adopted filling factor of the emitting volume, leading to an estimated mass cooling rate of 0.1-0.15 solar masses per year.
description: accepted AJ
Solving DWF Dirac Equation Using Multi-splitting Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient with Tensor Cores on NVIDIA GPUs
Creators: name: Tu, Jiqun
name: Clark, M. A.
name: Jung, Chulwoo
name: Mawhinney, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that using the multi-splitting algorithm as a preconditioner for the domain wall Dirac linear operator, arising in lattice QCD, effectively reduces the inter-node communication cost, at the expense of performing more on-node floating point and memory operations. Correctly including the boundary \textit{snake} terms, the preconditioner is implemented in the QUDA framework, where it is found that utilizing kernel fusion and the tensor cores on NVIDIA GPUs is necessary to achieve a sufficiently performant preconditioner. A reduced-dimension (reduced-$L_s$) strategy is also proposed and tested for the preconditioner. We find the method achieves lower time to solution than regular CG at high node count despite the additional local computational requirements from the preconditioner. This method could be useful for supercomputers with more on-node flops and memory bandwidth than inter-node communication bandwidth.
description: Add DOI
The public quality of interior spaces with specific reference to shopping malls
Creators: name: Pollok, Clemens
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Contemporary cities are to a certain extent characterized by buildings and facilities which withdraw pedestrian public activities from the exterior. The increased development of office and convention complexes, large community and shopping centres has shifted pedestrian activities from a coherent outdoor street network to isolated interiors. This process, described as the phenomenon of internalization, significantly changes the public quality of urban spaces. Exterior public space loses the liveliness of pedestrian activities and is reduced to a specialized vehicular movement. However, interior public space is an insufficient substitute for outdoor space because it provides for specific functions only which are often manipulated and controlled by private interests. It is the intention of this thesis to identify and define the potential interior spaces have to serve as public spaces. The analysis focuses on the activity of shopping, one of the most basic daily public activities. The thesis commences with the description of internalization and its impact on the network of public spaces. A case study of an area in downtown Vancouver indicating the location of shopping facilities demonstrates a typical distribution of public spaces in a contemporary urban structure. A basic premise of the thesis is that the quality of interior public spaces can be evaluated by criteria for publicness which is equally valid for interior and exterior public spaces. The term public quality or publicness is defined by presenting criteria for social liveliness derived from outdoor public space. Three criteria, choice, continuity of movement space, and global order, are chosen in order to analyze selected interior shopping facilities to identify their potential to serve as public spaces. The thesis concludes that from an architectural standpoint interior spaces have a rich potential to serve as public spaces, and in particular, the promotion of an overall public movement network which connects interior with exterior public spaces enhances interior publicness. However, because of economic constraints shopping centres tend to promote the interface between customer and merchandise rather than the interaction of people and other experiences of publicness.
An Annotation-based Approach for Finding Bugs in Neural Network Programs
Creators: name: Rezaalipour, Mohammad
name: Furia, Carlo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As neural networks are increasingly included as core components of safety-critical systems, developing effective testing techniques specialized for them becomes crucial. The bulk of the research has focused on testing neural-network models; but these models are defined by writing programs, and there is growing evidence that these neural-network programs often have bugs too.
 This paper presents aNNoTest: an approach to generating test inputs for neural-network programs. A fundamental challenge is that the dynamically-typed languages (e.g., Python) commonly used to program neural networks cannot express detailed constraints about valid function inputs (e.g., matrices with certain dimensions). Without knowing these constraints, automated test-case generation is prone to producing invalid inputs, which trigger spurious failures and are useless for identifying real bugs. To address this problem, we introduce a simple annotation language tailored for concisely expressing valid function inputs in neural-network programs. aNNoTest takes as input an annotated program, and uses property-based testing to generate random inputs that satisfy the validity constraints. In the paper, we also outline guidelines that simplify writing aNNoTest annotations.
 We evaluated aNNoTest on 19 neural-network programs from Islam et al's survey., which we manually annotated following our guidelines -- producing 6 annotations per tested function on average. aNNoTest automatically generated test inputs that revealed 94 bugs, including 63 bugs that the survey reported for these projects. These results suggest that aNNoTest can be a valuable approach to finding widespread bugs in real-world neural-network programs.
description: New content: (1) discussing test oracles in the related work section, (2) adding future work, and (3) discussing the possibility of using other back-ends
Extreme statistics for time series: Distribution of the maximum relative to the initial value
Creators: name: Burkhardt, T. W.
name: Gyorgyi, G.
name: Moloney, N. R.
name: Racz, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extreme statistics of time signals is studied when the maximum is measured from the initial value. In the case of independent, identically distributed (iid) variables, we classify the limiting distribution of the maximum according to the properties of the parent distribution from which the variables are drawn. Then we turn to correlated periodic Gaussian signals with a 1/f^alpha power spectrum and study the distribution of the maximum relative height with respect to the initial height (MRH_I). The exact MRH_I distribution is derived for alpha=0 (iid variables), alpha=2 (random walk), alpha=4 (random acceleration), and alpha=infinity (single sinusoidal mode). For other, intermediate values of alpha, the distribution is determined from simulations. We find that the MRH_I distribution is markedly different from the previously studied distribution of the maximum height relative to the average height for all alpha. The two main distinguishing features of the MRH_I distribution are the much larger weight for small relative heights and the divergence at zero height for alpha>3. We also demonstrate that the boundary conditions affect the shape of the distribution by presenting exact results for some non-periodic boundary conditions. Finally, we show that, for signals arising from time-translationally invariant distributions, the density of near extreme states is the same as the MRH_I distribution. This is used in developing a scaling theory for the threshold singularities of the two distributions.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures
The Probabilistic Zeta Function of a Finite Lattice
Creators: name: Shala, Besfort
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study Brown's definition of the probabilistic zeta function of a finite lattice as a generalization of that of a finite group. We propose a natural alternative or extension that may be better suited for non-atomistic lattices. The probabilistic zeta function admits a general Dirichlet series expression, which unlike for groups, need not be ordinary. We compute the function for several examples of finite lattices, establishing a connection with the Stirling numbers of the second kind in the case of the divisibility lattice. Furthermore, in the context of moving from groups to lattices, we are interested in lattices with probabilistic zeta function given by ordinary Dirichlet series. In this regard, we focus on partition lattices and $d$-divisible partition lattices. Using the prime number theorem, we show that the probabilistic zeta functions of the latter typically fail to be ordinary Dirichlet series.
description: 16 pages; accepted to Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics; v2 and v3 minor corrections; v4 adds computational results; v5 minor corrections; v6 incorporates referee's comments
Improved actions and asymptotic scaling in lattice Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Langfeld, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Improved actions in SU(2) and SU(3) lattice gauge theories are investigated with an emphasis on asymptotic scaling. A new scheme for tadpole improvement is proposed. The standard but heuristic tadpole improvement emerges from a mean field approximation from the new approach. Scaling is investigated by means of the large distance static quark potential. Both, the generic and the new tadpole scheme yield significant improvements on asymptotic scaling when compared with loop improved actions. A study of the rotational symmetry breaking terms, however, reveals that only the new improvement scheme efficiently eliminates the leading irrelevant term from the action.
description: minor modifications, improved presentation
Looking for extra dimensions in the observed quasi-periodic oscillations of black holes
Creators: name: Banerjee, Indrani
name: Chakraborty, Sumanta
name: SenGupta, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-periodic oscillations, often present in the power density spectrum of accretion disk around black holes, are useful probes for the understanding of gravitational interaction in the near-horizon regime of black holes. Since the presence of an extra spatial dimension modifies the near horizon geometry of black holes, it is expected that the study of these quasi-periodic oscillations may shed some light on the possible existence of these extra dimensions. Intriguingly, most of the extra dimensional models, which are of significant interest to the scientific community, predicts the existence of a tidal charge parameter in black hole spacetimes. This tidal charge parameter can have an overall negative sign and is a distinctive signature of the extra dimensions. Motivated by this, we have studied the quasi-periodic oscillations for a rotating braneworld black hole using the available theoretical models. Subsequently, we have used the observations of the quasi-periodic oscillations from available black hole sources, e.g., GRO J1655 -- 40, XTE J1550 -- 564, GRS 1915 + 105, H 1743 + 322 and Sgr A* and have compared them with the predictions from the relevant theoretical models, in order to estimate the tidal charge parameter. It turns out that among the 11 theoretical models considered here, 8 of them predict a negative value for the tidal charge parameter, while for the others negative values of the tidal charge parameter are also well within the 1-$σ$ confidence interval.
description: Published version, 37 pages, 9 figures
On the universality of integrable deformations of solutions of degenerate Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff problems
Creators: name: Cotti, Giordano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34M40, 34M50, 32A10

description: This paper addresses the classification problem of integrable deformations of solutions of "degenerate" Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff (RHB) problems. These consist of those RHB problems whose initial datum has diagonal pole part with coalescing eigenvalues. On the one hand, according to theorems of B.Malgrange, M.Jimbo, T.Miwa, and K.Ueno, in the non-degenerate case, there exists a universal integrable deformation inducing (via a unique map) all other deformations. On the other hand, in the degenerate case, C.Sabbah proved (arXiv:1711.08514v4), under sharp conditions, the existence of an integrable deformation of solutions, sharing many properties of the one constructed by Malgrange-Jimbo-Miwa-Ueno. Albeit the integrable deformation constructed by Sabbah is not, stricto sensu, universal, we prove that it satisfies a $relative$ universal property. We show the existence and uniqueness of a maximal class of integrable deformations all induced (via a unique map) by Sabbah's integrable deformation. Furthermore, we show that such a class is large enough to include all generic integrable deformations whose pole and deformation parts are locally holomorphically diagonalizable. In itinere, we also obtain a characterization of holomorphic matrix-valued maps which are locally holomorphically Jordanizable. This extends, to the case of several complex variables, already known results independently obtained by Ph.G.A.Thijsse and W.Wasow.
description: 52 pages, 1 figure; v2: final version
On the internal space dependence of the static quark-antiquark potential in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM plasma wind
Creators: name: Dorn, Harald
name: Ngo, Thanh Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of the relative S^5-angle of a quark and an antiquark on their static potential and the related screening length in a strongly coupled moving ${\cal N}=4$ SYM plasma. The large velocity scaling law for the screening length holds for any relative S^5-angle $θ$. However, the velocity independent prefactor Z strongly depends on $θ$. For comparison with QCD we propose to average Z over all relative orientations on S^5. This generates a suppression factor relative to the case $θ=0$.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, reference and comment added,
The test of language competence : a validity study with language disabled and normal children
Creators: name: Ainsworth, Cheryl Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study investigated the validity and related psychometric characteristics of the Test of Language Competence (TLC), published in 1985 by Wiig and Secord. The TLC was developed as a measure of higher order language functioning in children and adolescents between the ages of nine and eighteen years. Evidence concerning the psychometric characteristics of the TLC is reported in the test manual; however, to date, no studies addressed primarily to the subject of TLC validity have been reported in the literature. Moreover, no information is available concerning the effectiveness of its use with local school children. This study endeavored to examine the technical characteristics of the TLC using data obtained from 23 language disordered (LLD) and 23 control subjects sampled from the local school population. At the same time, the criterion-related validity of an informal language sample analysis was investigated. Item analysis statistics, including indices of item difficulty, item discrimination, internal consistency, and interrater reliability were prepared for the TLC. Discriminant function analyses were used to assess criterion validity of the TLC, with and without corrections in TLC scores for Verbal IQ. Because of the multiethnic nature of the sample, English as a second language (ESL) and English as a first language (EFL) group means were tested for significant differences on six variables. LLD and control group performance on the language sample analysis were tested for significant differences, using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Results of the item analyses indicated support for the internal consistency of the TLC subtests and the test composite, with the exception of Subtest Two (Making Inferences), which obtained an internal consistency coefficient below the designated .8 criterion. Subtest Two and Subtest Three (Recreating Sentences) were found to contain items of questionable validity, and all four subtests contained items that were misordered in terms of difficulty. Subtests Two and Three exhibited satisfactory criterion validity; however, Subtest One (Understanding Ambiguous Sentences) and Four (Understanding Metaphoric Expressions) failed to discriminate between LLD and Control groups in a stepwise analysis. The language sample analysis discriminated between the two groups. Possible explanations for the findings, along with implications for clinical practice and recommendations for further research, are discussed.
Systematic shell-model study of Rn isotopes with $A=$ 207 to 216 and isomeric states
Creators: name: Bhoy, Bharti
name: Srivastava, Praveen C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present systematic large-scale shell-model calculations for Rn isotopes with $A=$ 207 to 216. For the $^{207-212}$Rn isotopes, we perform calculations with KHH7B interaction, while for $^{213-216}$Rn isotopes with KHPE and KHH7B interactions. The calculated energies and electromagnetic properties are compared with the available experimental data and predicted where experimental data are not available. We also suggest spins and parities of several unconfirmed states available from the recent experimental data. Comprehensive study of several isomeric states from the calculated shell-model configurations and half-lives is also reported.
description: Accepted in Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics (2021)
Topological volumes of fibrations: A note on open covers
Creators: name: Loeh, Clara
name: Moraschini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish a straightforward estimate for the number of open sets with fundamental group constraints needed to cover the total space of fibrations. This leads to vanishing results for simplicial volume and minimal volume entropy, e.g., for certain mapping tori.
description: 20 pages; minor revisions; To appear in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A
Semiclassical analysis of a nonlocal boundary value problem related to magnitude
Creators: name: Gimperlein, Heiko
name: Goffeng, Magnus
name: Louca, Nikoletta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51F99 (primary), 28A75, 58J40, 58J50 (secondary)

description: We study a Dirichlet boundary problem related to the fractional Laplacian in a manifold. Its variational formulation arises in the study of magnitude, an invariant of compact metric spaces given by the reciprocal of the ground state energy. Using recent techniques developed for pseudodifferential boundary problems we discuss the structure of the solution operator and resulting properties of the magnitude. In a semiclassical limit we obtain an asymptotic expansion of the magnitude in terms of curvature invariants of the manifold and the boundary, similar to the invariants arising in short-time expansions for heat kernels.
description: 54 pages, Appendices shortened, detailed computations available in v1. This revised version appears in Journal d'Analyse Math\'ematique
Linkage between Accretion Disks and Blazars
Creators: name: Bicknell, Geoffrey V.
name: Li, Jianke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic field in an accretion disk is estimated assuming that all of the angular momentum within prescribed accretion disk radii is removed by a jet. The magnetic field estimated at the base of the jet is extrapolated to the blazar emission region using a model for a relativistic axisymmetric jet combined with some simplifying assumptions based on the relativistic nature of the flow. The extrapolated magnetic field is compared with estimates based upon the synchrotron and inverse Compton emission from three blazars, MKN 501, MKN 421 and PKS 2155-304. The magnetic fields evaluated from pure synchrotron self- Compton models are inconsistent with the magnetic fields extrapolated in this way. However, in two cases inverse Compton models in which a substantial part of the soft photon field is generated locally agree well, mainly because these models imply magnetic field strengths which are closer to being consistent with Poynting flux dominated jets. This comparison is based on estimating the mass accretion rate from the jet energy flux. Further comparisons along these lines will be facilitated by independent estimates of the mass accretion rate in blazars and by more detailed models for jet propagation near the black hole.
description: Submiteed to the Astrophysics & Space Science special issue on the 5th Stromlo Symposium
The intrinsic bispectrum of the CMB from isocurvature initial conditions
Creators: name: Carrilho, Pedro
name: Malik, Karim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-linear effects in the early Universe generate non-zero bispectra of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization, even in the absence of primordial non-Gaussianity. In this paper, we compute the contributions from isocurvature modes to the CMB bispectra using a modified version of the second-order Boltzmann solver SONG. We investigate the ability of current and future CMB experiments to constrain these modes with observations of the bispectrum. Our results show that the enhancement due to single isocurvature modes mixed with the adiabatic mode is negligible for the parameter ranges currently allowed by the most recent Planck results. However, we find that a large compensated isocurvature mode can produce a detectable bispectrum when its correlation with the adiabatic mode is appreciable. The non-observation of this contribution in searches for the lensing bispectrum from Planck allows us to place a new constraint on the relative amplitude of the correlated part of the compensated isocurvature mode of $f_{\rm CIP}=1\pm100$. We compute forecasts for future observations by COrE, SO, CMB-S4 and an ideal experiment and conclude that a dedicated search for the bispectrum from compensated modes could rule out a number of scenarios realised in the curvaton model. In addition, the CMB-S4 experiment could detect the most extreme of those scenarios ($f_{\rm CIP}=16.5$) at 2 to 3-$σ$ significance.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures. V2: Additional clarifications and details. Matches version published in JCAP
On Real-time Image Reconstruction with Neural Networks for MRI-guided Radiotherapy
Creators: name: Waddington, David E. J.
name: Hindley, Nicholas
name: Koonjoo, Neha
name: Chiu, Christopher
name: Reynolds, Tess
name: Liu, Paul Z. Y.
name: Zhu, Bo
name: Bhutto, Danyal
name: Paganelli, Chiara
name: Keall, Paul J.
name: Rosen, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: MRI-guidance techniques that dynamically adapt radiation beams to follow tumor motion in real-time will lead to more accurate cancer treatments and reduced collateral healthy tissue damage. The gold-standard for reconstruction of undersampled MR data is compressed sensing (CS) which is computationally slow and limits the rate that images can be available for real-time adaptation. Here, we demonstrate the use of automated transform by manifold approximation (AUTOMAP), a generalized framework that maps raw MR signal to the target image domain, to rapidly reconstruct images from undersampled radial k-space data. The AUTOMAP neural network was trained to reconstruct images from a golden-angle radial acquisition, a benchmark for motion-sensitive imaging, on lung cancer patient data and generic images from ImageNet. Model training was subsequently augmented with motion-encoded k-space data derived from videos in the YouTube-8M dataset to encourage motion robust reconstruction. We find that AUTOMAP-reconstructed radial k-space has equivalent accuracy to CS but with much shorter processing times after initial fine-tuning on retrospectively acquired lung cancer patient data. Validation of motion-trained models with a virtual dynamic lung tumor phantom showed that the generalized motion properties learned from YouTube lead to improved target tracking accuracy. Our work shows that AUTOMAP can achieve real-time, accurate reconstruction of radial data. These findings imply that neural-network-based reconstruction is potentially superior to existing approaches for real-time image guidance applications.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. v2 has a typo in eqn 1 corrected and references added to the discussion
Directional dark-field implicit x-ray speckle tracking using an anisotropic-diffusion Fokker-Planck equation
Creators: name: Pavlov, Konstantin M.
name: Paganin, David M.
name: Morgan, Kaye S.
name: Heyang
name: Li
name: Berujon, Sebastien
name: Quénot, Laurène
name: Brun, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a macroscopic-sized non-crystalline sample is illuminated using coherent x-ray radiation, a bifurcation of photon energy flow may occur. The coarse-grained complex refractive index of the sample may be considered to attenuate and refract the incident coherent beam, leading to a coherent component of the transmitted beam. Spatially-unresolved sample microstructure, associated with the fine-grained components of the complex refractive index, introduces a diffuse component to the transmitted beam. This diffuse photon-scattering channel may be viewed in terms of position-dependent fans of ultra-small-angle x-ray scatter. These position-dependent fans, at the exit surface of the object, may under certain circumstances be approximated as having a locally-elliptical shape. By using an anisotropic-diffusion Fokker-Planck approach to model this bifurcated x-ray energy flow, we show how all three components (attenuation, refraction and locally-elliptical diffuse scatter) may be recovered. This is done via x-ray speckle tracking, in which the sample is illuminated with spatially-random x-ray fields generated by coherent illumination of a spatially-random membrane. The theory is developed, and then successfully applied to experimental x-ray data.
description: To be published in Physical Review A; accepted version with minor revisions compared to the previous version
title: Virginia Woolf and the sciences of prehistory
title: a study of five major novels
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Paetsasadee, Korrakod
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2019

description: This thesis examines Woolf’s major novels and other writings in relation
      to the discourses of science in her period. As a modernist writer, she has
      been considered as anti-science and an advocate of formalist aesthetics. A
      later literary-critical generation constructed her as a feminist writer,
      at once robust and subtle in her polemics and experimental techniques. But
      Woolf also consistently expressed her interest in a variety of sciences
      including natural history and biology, palaeontology, physics,
      psychoanalysis, technology, astronomy, archaeology and anthropology. By
      examining her diverse scientific interests, particularly as they cluster
      around the notion of prehistory, this thesis examines in detail five of
      her major novels. Her first novel The Voyage Out sets forth, in the light
      of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, on the mission of creating a new
      self and a language suitable for women’s use to express their subtle
      experiences and elusive attitudes to society. Jacob’s Room and Mrs.
      Dalloway reveal Woolf’s awareness of social agitation and national
      instability in a time of global turbulence through the discourses of
      melancholia, medicine and psychoanalysis. The Waves exemplifies the
      novelist’s attempt to integrate her interest in the new physics of her
      time to portray the radical indeterminacies of modern life as well as
      creating new forms of modernist writing. Woolf’s final novel, Between the
      Acts, which is informed by her archaeological and anthropological
      concerns, accentuates her sceptical ideas on human history and extinction
      drawing on Jane Harrison’s anthropological account of ancient Greek ritual
      as her modernist narrative technique. Science in Woolf is not a
      distraction from her feminist-experimental concerns, but rather an
      enabling condition of them.
Hilbert curve vs Hilbert space: exploiting fractal 2D covering to increase tensor network efficiency
Creators: name: Cataldi, Giovanni
name: Abedi, Ashkan
name: Magnifico, Giuseppe
name: Notarnicola, Simone
name: Pozza, Nicola Dalla
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
name: Montangero, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel mapping for studying 2D many-body quantum systems by solving an effective, one-dimensional long-range model in place of the original two-dimensional short-range one. In particular, we address the problem of choosing an efficient mapping from the 2D lattice to a 1D chain that optimally preserves the locality of interactions within the TN structure. By using Matrix Product States (MPS) and Tree Tensor Network (TTN) algorithms, we compute the ground state of the 2D quantum Ising model in transverse field with lattice size up to $64\times64$, comparing the results obtained from different mappings based on two space-filling curves, the snake curve and the Hilbert curve. We show that the locality-preserving properties of the Hilbert curve leads to a clear improvement of numerical precision, especially for large sizes, and turns out to provide the best performances for the simulation of 2D lattice systems via 1D TN structures.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
First results on double beta decay modes of Cd, Te and Zn isotopes with the COBRA experiment
Creators: name: The COBRA Collaboration
name: Bloxham, T.
name: Boston, A.
name: Dawson, J.
name: Dobos, D.
name: Fox, S. P.
name: Freer, M.
name: Fulton, B. R.
name: Gößling, C.
name: Harrison, P. F.
name: Junker, M.
name: Kiel, H.
name: McGrath, J.
name: Morgan, B.
name: Münstermann, D.
name: Nolan, P.
name: Oehl, S.
name: Ramachers, Y.
name: Reeve, C.
name: Stewart, D.
name: Wadsworth, R.
name: Wilson, J. R.
name: Zuber, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four 1cm^3 CdZnTe semiconductor detectors were operated in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory to explore the feasibility of such devices for double beta decay searches as proposed for the COBRA experiment. The research involved background studies accompanied by measurements of energy resolution performed at the surface. Energy resolutions sufficient to reduce the contribution of two-neutrino double beta decay events to a negligible level for a large scale experiment have already been achieved and further improvements are expected. Using activity measurements of contaminants in all construction materials a background model was developed with the help of Monte Carlo simulations and major background sources were identified. A total exposure of 4.34 kg.days of underground data has been accumulated allowing a search for neutrinoless double beta decay modes of seven isotopes found in CdZnTe. Half-life limits (90% C.L.) are presented for decays to ground and excited states. Four improved lower limits have been obtained, including zero neutrino double electron capture transitions of Zn64 and Te120 to the ground state, which are 1.19*10^{17} years and 2.68*10^{15} years respectively.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures