Xenicotela pardalina
Creators: name: Xie, Guanglin
name: Barclay, Maxwell V. L.
name: Wang, Wenkai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Xenicotela
Xenicotela pardalina

description: Xenicotela pardalina (Bates, 1884)  
Figs 1, 2  
Monochamus pardalinus Bates, 1884: 239; Aurivillius 1922: 87; Matsushita 1933: 325. Type locality: Yuyama, Honshu, Japan.  
Xenicotela pardalina: Breuning 1944: 373; Breuning 1961: 353; Makihara 2007: 602; Hubweber et al. 2010: 288.  
Xenicotela fuscula Bates, 1884: 242; Aurivillius 1922: 216; Matsushita 1933: 346; Cho et al. 1963: 3. Type locality: Higo, Kyushu, Japan.  
Type material examined.  
 Holotype of Monohammus pardalinus, female (NHMUK); label details are shown in Fig. 1g. Holotype of Xenicotela fuscula, female (NHMUK); label details are shown in Fig. 2d.   
Other material examined.  
One male, Japan: Honshu, Tottori Pref., Mt. Daisen, July 22-23, 1974, coll. Y. Notsu (NOC); One female, Japan: Shikoku, Tokushima Oref., Dosu-toge, July 29, 1973, coll. M. Sakai (NOC).  
Redescription.  
 Female. Body length 7.0-13.0 mm, humeral width 2.0-3.5 mm. Body reddish brown to blackish brown, clothed with greyish-yellow pubescence forming mottling on dorsal surface. Antennae slightly lighter in colour, basal four to six segments fringed with rather sparse setae ventrally, base and extreme apex of antennomeres III-X, base and apex of antennomere XI annulated with greyish-white pubescence. Elytra clothed with rather uneven pubescence forming irregular light patches interspersed with dark patches formed by ground colour of elytra, with a vague, incomplete, dark transverse band behind middle. Underside clothed with fairly even pubescence.   
Head finely punctate; frons transverse, with a smooth longitudinal median sulcus extending to occiput; eyes coarsely faceted, lower lobe longer than gena. Antennae slender, about 2.0 times as long as body, with the apex of the sixth segment surpassing elytral apex; scape robust and short, base thin, apex distinctly constricted before cicatrix; antennomere III distinctly longer than antennomere IV, about 2.5 times as long as scape; antennomeres III-X slightly thickened at extreme apex. Pronotum transverse, lateral spine small and short, coniform; surface punctured similarly to head, disc slightly uneven. Scutellum lingulate. Elytra elongate, about 2.5 times as long as width across humeri; sides slightly expanded outwards after basal third, then evenly arched and narrowed backwards; apices rounded; surface punctures coarser and sparser than those on head and pronotum, sparser and even finer towards the apex; disc slightly depressed on the basal third. Legs moderately long, femora slightly clavate, claws divaricate.  
 Male. Similar to female, antennae thicker and longer, about 2.5-3.0 times as long as body, with the apex of the fifth segment or the base of the sixth segment exceeding the elytral apex.   
Distribution.  
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Sado, Oki, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tanegashima, Yakushima), South Korea (Seoraksan).  
Comments.  
 Bates (1884) described this species twice in the same publication, as M. pardalinus and X. fuscula, based on specimens from different localities. Breuning (1944) transferred M. pardalinus into the genus Xenicotela and proposed X. fuscula as its synonym. The holotype of M. pardalinus is larger in size than the holotype of X. fuscula, with longer antennae with the basal six antennomeres fringed with setae, the antennae appear darker in colour and the pubescent rings on the antennomeres look more obvious, while in the holotype of X. fuscula, only the basal four segments of the antennae are fringed with sparse setae, the fifth segment is only fringed with one or two setae and the pubescent rings on the antennomeres appear less distinct than those of the former specimen. These characters made them look like different species. Bates (1884) considered both holotypes to be males. In fact, they are females, according to the antennae / body length ratio (about 2: 1, in males 2.5-3: 1). Tavakilian and Chevillotte (2023) stated that types of both X. pardalinus and X. fuscula are conserved in the MNHN. This is not correct, as Bates described them from the collection of George Lewis (1839-1926), which is in the NHMUK.
description: Published as part of Xie, Guanglin, Barclay, Maxwell V. L. & Wang, Wenkai, 2023, Review of the genus Xenicotela Bates, 1884 (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini), pp. 185-204 in ZooKeys 1183 on page 185, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1183.112490