cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improving ANAIS-112 sensitivity to DAMA/LIBRA signal with machine learning techniques
Creators: name: Coarasa, I.
name: Apilluelo, J.
name: Amaré, J.
name: Cebrián, S.
name: Cintas, D.
name: García, E.
name: Martínez, M.
name: Oliván, M. A.
name: Ortigoza, Y.
name: de Solórzano, A. Ortiz
name: Pardo, T.
name: Puimedón, J.
name: Salinas, A.
name: Sarsa, M. L.
name: Villar, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The DAMA/LIBRA observation of an annual modulation in the detection rate compatible with that expected for dark matter particles from the galactic halo has accumulated evidence for more than twenty years. It is the only hint of a direct detection of the elusive dark matter, but it is in strong tension with the negative results of other very sensitive experiments, requiring ad-hoc scenarios to reconcile all the present experimental results. Testing the DAMA/LIBRA result using the same target material, NaI(Tl), removes the dependence on the particle and halo models and is the goal of the ANAIS-112 experiment, taking data at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory in Spain since August 2017 with 112.5 kg of NaI(Tl). At very low energies, the detection rate is dominated by non-bulk scintillation events and careful event selection is mandatory. This article summarizes the efforts devoted to better characterize and filter this contribution in ANAIS-112 data using a boosted decision tree (BDT), trained for this goal with high efficiency. We report on the selection of the training populations, the procedure to determine the optimal cut on the BDT parameter, the estimate of the efficiencies for the selection of bulk scintillation in the region of interest (ROI), and the evaluation of the performance of this analysis with respect to the previous filtering. The improvement achieved in background rejection in the ROI, but moreover, the increase in detection efficiency, push the ANAIS-112 sensitivity to test the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation result around 3$σ$ with three-year exposure, being possible to reach 5$σ$ by extending the data taking for a few more years than the scheduled 5 years which were due in August 2022.
Carbon in different phases ([CII], [CI], and CO) in infrared dark clouds: Cloud formation signatures and carbon gas fractions
Creators: name: Beuther, H.
name: Ragan, S. E.
name: Ossenkopf, V.
name: Glover, S.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Linz, H.
name: Nielbock, M.
name: Krause, O.
name: Stutzki, J.
name: Schilke, P.
name: Guesten, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: How do molecular clouds form out of the atomic phase? And what are the relative fractions of carbon in the ionized, atomic and molecular phase? These are questions at the heart of cloud and star formation. Methods: Using multiple observatories from Herschel and SOFIA to APEX and the IRAM 30m telescope, we mapped the ionized, atomic and molecular carbon ([CII]@1900GHz, [CI]@492GHz and C18O(2-1)@220GHz) at high spatial resolution (12"-25") in four young massive infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). Results: The three carbon phases were successfully mapped in all four regions, only in one source the [CII] line remained a non-detection. Both the molecular and atomic phases trace the dense structures well, with [CI] also tracing material at lower column densities. [CII] exhibits diverse morphologies in our sample, from compact to diffuse structures probing the cloud environment. In at least two out of the four regions, we find kinematic signatures strongly indicating that the dense gas filaments have formed out of a dynamically active and turbulent atomic/molecular cloud, potentially from converging gas flows. The atomic-to-molecular carbon gas mass ratios are low between 7% and 12% with the lowest values found toward the most quiescent region. In the three regions where [CII] is detected, its mass is always higher by a factor of a few than that of the atomic carbon. The ionized carbon emission depends as well on the radiation field, however, we also find strong [CII] emission in a region without significant external sources, indicating that other processes, e.g., energetic gas flows can contribute to the [CII] excitation as well.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics, a higher resolution version can be found at http://www.mpia.de/homes/beuther/papers.html
A Heuristic Approach for the Home Health Care Scheduling and Routing Problem
Creators: name: Yuan, Lufeng
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Heuristic Approach
Home Health Care Scheudling and Routing

description: Abstract Home Health Care (HHC) is a health care service delivered by sending caregivers such as nurses or personal support workers (PSW) to visit patients in their homes. The assignment of patients to nurses as well as the sequencing of patients for each nurse is called the Home Health Care Scheduling and Routing Problem (HHCSRP). This thesis proposes a heuristic approach to solve HHCSRP to which it is hard and even impossible to obtain an optimal solution for relative larger instances in a reasonable amount of computational time by using an exact algorithm as HHCSRP is NP hard. In the approach, this thesis developed and contributed a heuristic partition method to partition patients into a number of single nurse groups. The computational test result shows that the proposed approach can achieve good solutions which remain within 5% of the commercial solver CPLEX’s best solution using an acceptable solution time on all test instances.
Effect of martensite volume fraction on strain partitioning behavior of dual phase steel
Creators: name: Kumar, Rana Amit
name: Kumar, Paul Surajit
name: Dey Partha Pratim
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: DUAL PHASE STEEL
REPRESENTATIVE VOLUME ELEMENT
STRAIN PARTITIONING
DEFORMATION LOCALIZATION
STRESS TRIAXIALITY
ДВУХФАЗНАЯ СТАЛЬ
ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ ОБЪЕМА
РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ДЕФОРМАЦИЙ
ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИЯ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ
ТРЕХОСНОСТЬ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ

description: Monotonic deformation behavior of ferrite-martensite dual phase steels with martensite volume of 13-43 % have been analyzed in the current investigation using micromechanics based finite element simulation on representative volume elements. The effects of martensite volume fraction on the strain partitioning behavior between soft ferrite matrix and hard martensite islands in dual phase steels during tensile deformation have been investigated. As a consequence of strain incompatibility between hard martensite and soft ferrite phases, inhomogeneous deformation and finally deformation localization occur during tensile deformation. Restricted local deformation in ferrite phase caused by the adjacent martensite islands triggers the local stress triaxiality development. As the martensite volume fraction increases, the local deformation restrictions in ferrite phase also increases and which results in higher stress triaxiality development. Similarly the strain partitioning behavior between ferrite matrix and martensite island is also influenced by the volume fraction of martensite. The strain partitioning coefficient increases with increasing martensite volume fraction.
Note on the history of contact mechanics and friction: interplay of electrostatics, theory of gravitation and elasticity from Coulomb to Johnson-Kendall-Roberts theory of adhesion
Creators: name: Popova, E.
name: Popov, V.L.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: COULOMB
POISSON
HERTZ
INGLIS
GRIFFITH
JOHNSON
KENDALL
ROBERTS
CONTACT
ELECTROSTATICS
GRAVITY
POTENTIAL THEORY
ELASTICITY
CRACK THEORY
ADHESION
BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD
КУЛОН
ПУАССОН
ГЕРЦ
ИНГЛИС
ГРИФФИТС
ДЖОНСОН
КЕНДАЛЛ
РОБЕРТС
КОНТАКТ
ЭЛЕКТРОСТАТИКА
ГРАВИТАЦИЯ
ТЕОРИЯ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА
УПРУГОСТЬ
ТРЕЩИНА
АДГЕЗИЯ
МЕТОД ГРАНИЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ

description: Great discoveries are often perceived by subsequent generations as sudden insights of genius scientists. Historical studies show, however, that the real mechanism of creation of new theories and paradigms is often a transfer of knowledge from one subject area to the other. Such transfers made the military engineer Coulomb the founder of the theory of electricity, they made the professor for celestial mechanics Poisson the founder of the electrostatics, and the pioneer in electrodynamics Hertz also became the founder of contact mechanics. Transfer of knowledge can be traced as a very effective way of development of science in many other cases. It often leads to break-through and rapid development of the whole branches of science. In the present paper we trace such transfers of knowledge in the history of elasticity and contact mechanics on one side and electrostatics on the other side. The participants of this historical process are Coulomb, Poisson, Hertz, Inglis, Griffith and finally the authors of the theory of adhesive contacts Johnson, Kendall and Roberts. Interestingly, the same principle of “exaptation” (use of a property for a function for which it was not originally created) is currently accepted theory of how major innovations happen also in biological evolution.
Quantum discord and measurement-induced disturbance in the background of dilaton black holes
Creators: name: Wang, Jieci
name: Jing, Jiliang
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of classical correlation, quantum discord and measurement-induced disturbance of Dirac fields in the background of a dilaton black hole. We present an alternative physical interpretation of single mode approximation for Dirac fields in black hole spacetimes. We show that the classical and quantum correlations are degraded as the increase of black hole's dilaton. We find that, comparing to the inertial systems, the quantum correlation measured by the one-side measuring discord is always not symmetric with respect to the measured subsystems, while the measurement-induced disturbance is symmetric. The symmetry of classical correlation and quantum discord is influenced by gravitation produced by the dilaton of the black hole.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Modelling deep tonometry of lymphedematous tissue
Creators: name: Nowak, J.
name: Kaczmarek, M.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: INDENTATION TEST
LARGE DEFORMATIONS
POROUS MATERIALS
SOFT LYMPHEDEMATOUS TISSUE
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
DIAGNOSTIC METHOD
ИСПЫТАНИЕ ВДАВЛИВАНИЕМ
БОЛЬШИЕ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ
ПОРИСТЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ
МЯГКИЕ ТКАНИ
ЛИМФОДЕМА
МЕТОД КОНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ
ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЙ МЕТОД

description: Indentation testing, also refereed to as tonometry in medical diagnostics, is one of the most frequently used methods for studying the properties of soft biological tissues. In the case of lymphedematous tissues, characterized by abnormal accumulation of excess interstitial fluid, the indentation method constitutes an objective alternative for the standard manual palpation test, that is used for evaluation of elastic modulus and time dependent tissue response related to finding parameters of effective compression therapy. This paper focuses on the numerical modelling of a deep indentation test for which the flat cylindrical tip with a surface area of 1 cm2 penetrates the tissue at a constant rate until 1 cm depth is reached. The indentation generates large deformations of skin and subcutaneous tissue and squeezing of part of the interstitial fluid from the compressed region. The skin is modelled as an isotropic neo-Hookean solid and subcutaneous tissue is modelled as a fluid saturated porous matrix. The effective stress law, isotropic neo-Hookean elastic matrix and the Darcy’s type of interaction force between phases are adopted for the subcutaneous tissue. The finite element simulations deliver results for time dependent indentation force and pore pressure under the indenter for different and relevant to real tissues properties. The role of the properties and the presence of skin are analysed. The values of maximum reaction force and relaxation time are compared and evaluated as descriptors of mechanical properties of tissues.
Introduction to Genetics
Creators: name: Dosho, Bedasa M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Heredity, Gene, Natural selection, Population dynamics

description: Do plants feel pain? Much of Mendel's work with plants still forms the basis for modern plant genetics. Plants, like all known organisms, use DNA to pass on their traits. Plants are unique in that they are able to produce energy-dense carbohydrates via photosynthesis, a process which is achieved by use of chloroplasts.Is plant DNA different from human?: In fact, the actual structure of the DNA molecule and how it codes for proteins is the same from bacteria to yeast to plants and animals. The DNA molecule in plants, humans, and all living things are all the same shape - like a twisted ladder, or a double helix.
Corotational finite element formulation for virtual-reality based surgery simulators
Creators: name: Marinkovic, D.
name: Zehn, M.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: REAL-TIME SIMULATION
COROTATIONAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
SURGERY
VIRTUAL REALITY
IMPLICIT TIME INTEGRATION
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В РЕАЛЬНОМ ВРЕМЕНИ
КОРОТАЦИОННАЯ ФОРМУЛИРОВКА МЕТОДА КОНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ
ХИРУРГИЯ
ВИРТУАЛЬНАЯ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ
НЕЯВНАЯ СХЕМА ИНТЕГРИРОВАНИЯ ПО ВРЕМЕНИ

description: Surgical simulation provides a means for trainees to develop surgical competence that encompasses requisite knowledge, technical and cognitive skills and decision-making ability. Considering virtual-reality based surgery simulators, the key requirement is sufficiently accurate and numerically efficient computation of deformation behavior of soft tissues, which is highly nonlinear. The paper offers a simplified geometrically nonlinear corotational finite element formulation to meet the imposed requirements. The approach is used in combination with a rather simple type of finite element and an appropriate solver is chosen for fast computation of dynamical behavior. The finite element formulation is enriched with a coupled-mesh technique to enable modelling of complex geometries by relatively simple computational models. A few examples of models of internal organs are provided to discuss the aspects of the developed tools.
Ultraviolet-complete quantum field theories with fractional operators
Creators: name: Calcagni, Gianluca
name: Rachwał, Lesław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore quantum field theories with fractional d'Alembertian $\Box^γ$. Both a scalar field theory with a derivative-dependent potential and gauge theory are super-renormalizable for a fractional power $1<γ\leq 2$, one-loop super-renormalizable for $γ>2$ and finite if one introduces killer operators. Unitarity is achieved by splitting the kinetic term into the product of massive fractional operators, eventually sending the masses to zero if so desired. Fractional quantum gravity is also discussed and found to be super-renormalizable for $2<γ\leq 4$ and one-loop super-renormalizable for $γ>4$. To make it unitary, we combine the splitting procedure with a fractional generalization of the Anselmi-Piva procedure for fakeons. Among new technical results with wider applications, we highlight the Leibniz rule for arbitrary powers of the d'Alembertian and the Källén-Lehmann representation for a propagator with an arbitrary number of branch cuts.
description: 86 pages (38 + appendices), 11 figures; v2: some material moved to appendices and streamlined, introduction shortened, motivation and discussions improved and expanded, proof of BPHZ renormalizability included
Multimode active control of friction, dynamic ratchets and actuators
Creators: name: Popov, M.
name: Li, Q.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: VIBRATION
DUAL-MODE
ACTIVE CONTROL OF FRICTION
RATCHET
ACTUATOR
ВИБРАЦИЯ
БИМОДАЛЬНОСТЬ
АКТИВНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТРЕНИЕМ
ХРАПОВИК
АКТЮАТОР

description: Active control of friction by ultrasonic vibration is a well-known effect with numerous technical applications ranging from press forming to micromechanical actuators. Reduction of friction is observed with vibration applied in any of the three possible directions (normal to the contact plane, in the direction of motion and in-plane transverse). In this work, we consider the multi-mode active control of sliding friction, where phase-shifted oscillations in two or more directions act at the same time. Our analysis is based on a macroscopic contact-mechanical model that was recently shown to be well-suited for describing dynamic frictional processes. For simplicity, we limit our analysis to a constant, load-independent normal and tangential stiffness and two superimposed phase-shifted harmonic oscillations, one of them being normal to the plane and the other in the direction of motion. As in previous works utilizing the present model, we assume a constant local coefficient of friction, with reduction of the observed force of friction arising entirely from the macroscopic dynamics of the system. Our numerical simulations show that the resulting law of friction is determined by just three dimensionless parameters. Depending on the values of these parameters, three qualitatively different types of behavior are observed: (a) symmetric velocity-dependence of the coefficient of friction (same for positive and negative velocities), (b) asymmetric dependence with respect to the sign of the velocity, but with zero force at zero velocity, and (c) asymmetric dependence with nonzero force at zero velocity. The latter two cases can be interpreted as a “dynamic ratchet” (b) and an actuator (c).
Entanglement entropy production in gravitational collapse: covariant regularization and solvable models
Creators: name: Bianchi, Eugenio
name: De Lorenzo, Tommaso
name: Smerlak, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of vacuum entanglement in the process of gravitational collapse and subsequent black hole evaporation. In the first part of the paper, we introduce a covariant regularization of entanglement entropy tailored to curved spacetimes; this regularization allows us to propose precise definitions for the concepts of black hole "exterior entropy" and "radiation entropy." For a Vaidya model of collapse we find results consistent with the standard thermodynamic properties of Hawking radiation. In the second part of the paper, we compute the vacuum entanglement entropy of various spherically-symmetric spacetimes of interest, including the nonsingular black hole model of Bardeen, Hayward, Frolov and Rovelli-Vidotto and the "black hole fireworks" model of Haggard-Rovelli. We discuss specifically the role of event and trapping horizons in connection with the behavior of the radiation entropy at future null infinity. We observe in particular that $(i)$ in the presence of an event horizon the radiation entropy diverges at the end of the evaporation process, $(ii)$ in models of nonsingular evaporation (with a trapped region but no event horizon) the generalized second law holds only at early times and is violated in the "purifying" phase, $(iii)$ at late times the radiation entropy can become negative (i.e. the radiation can be less correlated than the vacuum) before going back to zero leading to an up-down-up behavior for the Page curve of a unitarily evaporating black hole.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures
Lensing of gravitational waves: efficient wave-optics methods and validation with symmetric lenses
Creators: name: Tambalo, Giovanni
name: Zumalacárregui, Miguel
name: Dai, Liang
name: Cheung, Mark Ho-Yeuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy offers the potential to probe the wave-optics regime of gravitational lensing. Wave optics (WO) effects are relevant at low frequencies, when the wavelength is comparable to the characteristic lensing time delay multiplied by the speed of light, and are thus often negligible for electromagnetic signals. Accurate predictions require computing the conditionally convergent diffraction integral, which involves highly oscillatory integrands and is numerically difficult. We develop and implement several methods to compute lensing predictions in the WO regime valid for general gravitational lenses. First, we derive approximations for high and low frequencies, obtaining explicit expressions for several analytic lens models. Next, we discuss two numerical methods suitable in the intermediate frequency range: 1) Regularized contour flow yields accurate answers in a fraction of a second for a broad range of frequencies. 2) Complex deformation is slower, but requires no knowledge of solutions to the geometric lens equation. Both methods are independent and complement each other. We verify sub-percent accuracy for several lens models, which should be sufficient for applications to GW astronomy in the near future. Apart from modelling lensed GWs, our method will also be applicable to the study of plasma lensing of radio waves and tests of gravity.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures. Matches PRD version
Transport trends and seasonality from observations in the Kuroshio, Agulhas Current, and East Australian Current
Creators: name: Chandler, Mitchell
name: Zilberman, Nathalie
name: Sprintall, Janet
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Physical Oceanography
Western Boundary Currents
Ocean Observations

description: Poster presented at the hybrid Western Boundary Current-Subtropical Continental Shelf Interactions Workshop. View a 4-min presentation of the poster at: https://youtu.be/d9r1FzRGSqo
description: {"references": ["Chandler M, Zilberman NV, Sprintall J. (2022). Seasonal to decadal western boundary current variability from sustained ocean observations. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL097834"]}
The Arkansas Poll: October 2006
Creators: name: Politics, Diane D. Blair Center Of Southern
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2023

description: Most pressing issue/problem facing people in Arkansas (3); quality of life (3); evaluation of public officials (5); relationships between two people of the same sex (2); gays and lesbians serving as foster parents (2); climate change/global warming (8); 911 emergency response/disaster preparedness (8); gun control (3); abortion (3); water quality (10).
Contextual guidance: An integrated theory for astrocytes function in brain circuits and behavior
Creators: name: Murphy-Royal, Ciaran
name: Ching, ShiNung
name: Papouin, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The participation of astrocytes in brain computation was formally hypothesized in 1992, coinciding with the discovery that these glial cells display a complex form of Ca2+ excitability. This fostered conceptual advances centered on the notion of reciprocal interactions between neurons and astrocytes, which permitted a critical leap forward in uncovering many roles of astrocytes in brain circuits, and signaled the rise of a major new force in neuroscience: that of glial biology. In the past decade, a multitude of unconventional and disparate functions of astrocytes have been documented that are not predicted by these canonical models and that are challenging to piece together into a holistic and parsimonious picture. This highlights a disconnect between the rapidly evolving field of astrocyte biology and the conceptual frameworks guiding it, and emphasizes the need for a careful reconsideration of how we theorize the functional position of astrocytes in brain circuitry. Here, we propose a unifying, highly transferable, data-driven, and computationally-relevant conceptual framework for astrocyte biology, which we coin contextual guidance. It describes astrocytes as contextual gates that decode multiple environmental factors to shape neural circuitry in an adaptive, state-dependent fashion. This paradigm is organically inclusive of all fundamental features of astrocytes, many of which have remained unaccounted for in previous theories. We find that this new concept provides an intuitive and powerful theoretical space to improve our understanding of brain function and computational models thereof across scales because it depicts astrocytes as a hub for circumstantial inputs into relevant specialized circuits that permits adaptive behaviors at the network and organism level.
description: 14 pages of main text, 5 figures, 1 box, 2 Tables
Strain localization in titanium with a modified surface layer
Creators: name: Balokhonov, R.R.
name: Romanova, V.A.
name: Panin, A.V.
name: Kazachenok, M.S.
name: Martynov, S.A.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: MECHANICS OF MEDIA WITH STRUCTURE
NUMERICAL SIMULATION
MODIFIED SURFACE LAYERS
POLYCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
PLASTIC STRAIN LOCALIZATION
МЕХАНИКА СРЕД СО СТРУКТУРОЙ
ЧИСЛЕННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ
МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЕ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫЕ СЛОИ
ПОЛИКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА
ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ

description: Plastic flow localization in commercially pure titanium (VT1-0 according to the Russian classification) with the surface modified by low-energy high current electron beams has been numerically studied. The structure and mechanical properties of the modified surface layer and titanium substrate correspond to the experimentally observed ones and are taken into account explicitly as initial data of a dynamic boundary value problem. The tension of titanium structures with a modified surface layer is simulated by the finite difference method in a plane strain formulation. The dependence of the plastic strain localization parameters on the mechanical properties of structural elements in the titanium substrate has been determined.
Nuclear deformation at finite temperature
Creators: name: Alhassid, Y.
name: Gilbreth, C. N.
name: Bertsch, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deformation, a key concept in our understanding of heavy nuclei, is based on a mean-field description that breaks the rotational invariance of the nuclear many-body Hamiltonian. We present a method to analyze nuclear deformations at finite temperature in a framework that preserves rotational invariance. The auxiliary-field Monte-Carlo method is used to generate the statistical ensemble and calculate the probability distribution associated with the quadrupole operator. Applying the technique to nuclei in the rare-earth region, we identify model-independent signatures of deformation and find that deformation effects persist to higher temperatures than the spherical-to-deformed shape phase-transition temperature of mean-field theory.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Deterioration Prediction using Time-Series of Three Vital Signs and Current Clinical Features Amongst COVID-19 Patients
Creators: name: Mehrdad, Sarmad
name: Shamout, Farah E.
name: Wang, Yao
name: Atashzar, S. Farokh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Unrecognized patient deterioration can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Most existing deterioration prediction models require a large number of clinical information, typically collected in hospital settings, such as medical images or comprehensive laboratory tests. This is infeasible for telehealth solutions and highlights a gap in deterioration prediction models that are based on minimal data, which can be recorded at a large scale in any clinic, nursing home, or even at the patient's home. In this study, we propose and develop a prognostic model that predicts if a patient will experience deterioration in the forthcoming 3-24 hours. The model sequentially processes routine triadic vital signs: (a) oxygen saturation, (b) heart rate, and (c) temperature. The model is also provided with basic patient information, including sex, age, vaccination status, vaccination date, and status of obesity, hypertension, or diabetes. We train and evaluate the model using data collected from 37,006 COVID-19 patients at NYU Langone Health in New York, USA. The model achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.808-0.880 for 3-24 hour deterioration prediction. We also conduct occlusion experiments to evaluate the importance of each input feature, where the results reveal the significance of continuously monitoring the variations of the vital signs. Our results show the prospect of accurate deterioration forecast using a minimum feature set that can be relatively easily obtained using wearable devices and self-reported patient information.
Numerical study of mechanical properties of nanoparticles of ß-type Ti-Nb alloy under conditions identical to laser sintering. Multilevel approach
Creators: name: Nikonov A.Yu.
name: Zharmukhambetova, A.M.
name: Ponomareva, A.V.
name: Dmitriev, A.I.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: TITANIUM ALLOYS
LASER SINTERING
FIRST PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS
ELASTIC PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
ADHESION PROPERTIES
ТИТАНОВЫЕ СПЛАВЫ
ЛАЗЕРНОЕ СПЕКАНИЕ
ПЕРВОПРИНЦИПНЫЕ РАСЧЕТЫ
УПРУГИЕ СВОЙСТВА
МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ ДИНАМИКА
АДГЕЗИОННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА

description: A multilevel approach is used to numerically investigate physical and mechanical properties of titanium-based bcc alloys and their behavior under conditions identical to selective laser sintering. Elastic properties of ß-Ti-Nb alloy are calculated within the first principles approach. An algorithm is proposed and tested to optimize the calculations and reduce their number by more than 5 times. A molecular dynamics method is employed to study structural changes of titanium and niobium powder particles during sintering and to calculate adhesion characteristics of nanoparticles of the produced alloy depending on the external action. The simulation results are in good agreement with the known experimental data and can be used as input data both for numerical models of a higher spatial scale and for the optimization of production parameters of titanium alloys by additive technologies.
On the tensor of tangential stiffness in contact problems
Creators: name: Li, Q.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: TANGENTIAL CONTACT
ANISOTROPY
ASPECT RATIO
BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD
КАСАТЕЛЬНЫЙ КОНТАКТ
АНИЗОТРОПИЯ
СООТНОШЕНИЕ СТОРОН
МЕТОД ГРАНИЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ

description: In a nonsliding tangential contact, vectors of tangential force and tangential displacement are related by the tensor of tangential stiffness. Using the boundary element method, we calculate the principal values of the tensor of tangential stiffness for a number of contact shapes. Of special interest for applications is that the anisotropy of the tensor of tangential stiffness is generally relatively small, even for extremely anisotropic contact shapes.
Quantum Otto engine with quantum correlations
Creators: name: Xiao, Yang
name: Liu, Dehua
name: He, Jizhou
name: Ma, Yongli
name: Wu, Zhaoqi
name: Wang, Jianhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically prose and investigate a photo-Otto engine that is working with a single-mode radiation field inside an optical cavity and alternatively driven by a hot and a cold reservoir, where the hot reservoir is realized by sending one of a pair of correlated two-level atoms to pass through the optical cavity, and the cold one is made of a collection of noninteracting boson modes. In terms of the quantum discord of the pair of atoms, we derive the analytical expressions for the performance parameters (power and efficiency) and stability measure (coefficient of variation for power). We show that quantum discord boosts the performance and efficiency of the quantum engine, and even may change the operation mode. We also demonstrate that quantum discord improves the stability of machine by decreasing the coefficient of variation for power which satisfies the generalized thermodynamic uncertainty relation. Finally, we find that these results can be transferred to another photo-Otto engine model, where the optical cavity is alternatively coupled to a hot thermal bosonic bath and to a beam of pairs of the two correlated atoms that play the role of a cold reservoir.
On the sensitivity of adhesion between rough surfaces to asperity height distribution
Creators: name: Ciavarella, M.
name: Papangelo, A.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: ADHESION
GREENWOOD-WILLIAMSON'S THEORY
ROUGH SURFACES
AДГЕЗИЯ
ТЕОРИЯ ГРИНВУДА-УИЛЬЯМСОНА
ШЕРОХОВАТАЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТЬ

description: There has been a long debate about the validity of asperity models in the contact between rough surfaces, much of it concentrated on relatively minor aspects of the solution for the special case of Gaussian random processes for roughness, like the exact value of the areaload slope or the extent of the linear regime. It is shown here that in the case of adhesion, the behavior is extremely sensitive to the shape of the height distribution. We show for example results for Weibull distributions, which has been suggested in a number of practical cases from macroscopic to nanoscopic roughness. Pull-off force is found to vary by several orders of magnitude both lower and higher than in the Gaussian case, whereas the “stickiness” criterion on the adhesion parameter changes by an order of magnitude. Additionally, in some operations like chemical-mechanical polishing, tails are almost completely removed and a sharp peak develops instead of a tail: modeling this with contact on the bounded side of the Weibull distribution, stickiness seems to occur for any level of roughness. Some qualitative comparison with recent numerical experiments is attempted.
Rundschreiben an die Bischöfe, den Klerus und die Gläubigen Chinas (Ad Apostolorum Principis)
Creators: name: Pius XII., Papst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 13 Nr. 2 (1958): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 13, Heft 2
A generalized Johnson parameter for pull-off decay in the adhesion of rough surfaces
Creators: name: Ciavarella, M.
name: Papangelo, A.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: ROUGHNESS
ADHESION
JOHNSON-KENDALL-ROBERTS ADHESION
DERJAGUIN-MULLER-TOPOROV ADHESION
PASTEWKA AND ROBBINS'S THEORY
PERSSON AND TOSATTI'S THEORY
FULLER AND TABOR'S THEORY
ШЕРОХОВАТОСТЬ
АДГЕЗИЯ
ДЖОНСОН
КЕНДАЛЛ
РОБЕРТС
ДЕРЯГИН
МЮЛЛЕР
ТОРОПОВ
ТЕОРИЯ ПАСТЕВКИ-РОББИНСА
ТЕОРИЯ ПЕРССОНА-ТОСАТТИ
ТЕОРИЯ ФУЛЛЕРА-ТЭЙБОРА

description: There is no simple theory at present to predict accurately the decay of pull-off in the adhesion of randomly rough surfaces. The asperity model of Fuller and Tabor has shown significant error in recent numerical investigations by Pastewka and Robbins of self-affine random roughness from micrometer to atomic scale which corresponds to low values of Tabor parameter. For sinusoidal contact, the Johnson parameter, originally introduced for the JKR regime (from Johnson-Kendall-Roberts) is the dominant parameter ruling the pull-off at intermediate Tabor values. Hence, we define a generalized Johnson parameter as the ratio between the adhesive energy to the elastic strain energy to flatten the surface in the case of multiscale roughness and find that it correlates very well with the data of Pastewka and Robbins spanning almost five orders of magnitude of reduction from theoretical strength, improving significantly with respect to other possible single parameter criteria. For the most important case in practice, that of low fractal dimensions, this suggests the product of amplitude and slope of the largest wavelength components of roughness dominate pull-off decay, and not small scales features like slopes and curvatures, as suggested by Pastewka and Robbins.
title: Investigation of Driver License Issuance Alternatives
Creators: name: Martin, Steven Andrew
name: Najarzadeh, Abraham
name: Walton, Jennifer R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This study develops an alternative model for issuing driver licenses and personal identifications in Kentucky. Under the current model, most licenses are distributed by circuit court clerks at 142 offices across the state while the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) provides central and regional support for specific license types. Given the cumbersome administrative structure and impending REAL ID requirements, both circuit clerks and KYTC administrators would like to explore an alternative distribution model. Researchers at the Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) projected the costs of transitioning from the current issuance model to a centralized DMV model where licenses are distributed at 18 to 24 regional field offices. In FY 2020, the cost for having circuit clerks distribute licenses was roughly $18.5 million. A regional model will have initial costs between $10.4 and $16.4 million depending on the number of offices and employee compensation levels. If switching from a 4-year to 8-year license renewal cycle, the ensuing revenues would more than cover costs, although the License Fund allocation from each license sale should be adjusted so that all costs are covered and do not require additional Road Fund supplements. Optimizing the centralized issuance model will depend on transitioning from 4-year to 8-year license renewal intervals, completely transitioning issuance to KYTC and avoiding a hybrid distribution system and duplication of infrastructure, increasing allocations to the License Fund, implementing an online driver license renewal system in the near future, and transitioning away from the dated mainframe driver licensing database to a newer, more dynamic system.
description: © 2020 University of Kentucky, Kentucky Transportation Center
Quantum friction
Creators: name: Volokitin, A. I.
name: Persson, B. N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the van der Waals friction between graphene and an amorphous SiO$_2$ substrate. We find that due to this friction the electric current is saturated at a high electric field, in agreement with experiment. The saturation current depends weakly on the temperature, which we attribute to the quantum friction between the graphene carriers and the substrate optical phonons. We calculate also the frictional drag between two graphene sheets caused by van der Waals friction, and find that this drag can induce a voltage high enough to be easily measured experimentally.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1012.5212, arXiv:1112.4912
Ethical challenges in participatory research with children and youth
Creators: name: Loveridge, Judith
name: Wood, Bronwyn
name: Davis-Rae, Eddy
name: McRae, Hiria
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Education

description: The growth of relational, participatory, collaborative and emergent research approaches in recent years has brought new ethical challenges for research with children and youth. These approaches require greater consideration of the specific social and cultural contexts of the research, along with the greater emphasis on researcher–participant relationships that often occur over sustained periods of time. Very few tools are available to help researchers think through the everyday ethical dilemmas such research can raise. In this article, we review the theoretical underpinnings of feminist and indigenous research methodologies that have encouraged these emerging approaches. Through examining an 18-month Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) project case study, we critically review ethical moments relating to negotiating consent over a sustained period of time, enhancing co-design and navigating power issues between adult and youth researchers. We conclude with a number of questions to ‘think with’ when reflecting on ethical research with children and youth.
Measurement induced quantum walks on an IBM Quantum Computer
Creators: name: Tornow, Sabine
name: Ziegler, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a quantum walk of a single particle that is subject to stroboscopic projective measurements on a graph with two sites. This two-level system is the minimal model of a measurement induced quantum walk. The mean first detected transition and return time are computed on an IBM quantum computer as a function of the hopping matrix element between the sites and the on-site potential. The experimentally monitored quantum walk reveals the theoretically predicted behavior, such as the quantization of the first detected return time and the strong increase of the mean first detected transition time near degenerate points, with high accuracy.
Axis thermal expansion switching in transition-metal zirconides TrZr2 by tuning the c/a ratio
Creators: name: Arima, Hiroto
name: Kasem, Md. Riad
name: Mizuguchi, Yoshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study examines the temperature-dependent evolution of the lattice constants for various CuAl2-type compounds, including NiZr2, (Co,Rh,Ir)Zr2, (Fe,Co,Rh,Ir)Zr2, and (Co,Ni,Cu,Rh,Ir)Zr2, in the pursuit of negative or zero thermal expansion. Results reveal that NiZr2 has positive thermal expansion, while the other compounds exhibit uniaxial negative thermal expansion along the c-axis contraction. The study suggests that the c-axis thermal expansion can be controlled by manipulating the c/a ratio through Tr-site substitution, providing a design principle for achieving negative thermal expansion of the c-axis and potentially zero thermal expansion in a single compound in TrZr2 compounds.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Contact properties and adhesion of incompressible power-law gradient media with high gradients
Creators: name: Popov, V.L.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS
NORMAL CONTACT
ADHESION
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО ГРАДИЕНТНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ
НОРМАЛЬНЫЙ КОНТАКТ
АДГЕЗИЯ

description: We discuss contact stiffness and adhesion of flat-ended cylindrical indenters with a graded material the elastic coefficient of which is a power-function of the depth with an exponent 1 < k < 3. So far, only graded materials with k < 1 have been considered in the literature as the stiffness of the medium becomes zero when k is approaching 1. However, it is known that the case of incompressible media is an exception. We argue that in this case the final stiffness can be defined up to values of k < 3. The interval 1 < k < 3, which has not been considered earlier occurs to be of special interest, since for k > 1 the adhesive properties of contacts change qualitatively from “brittle” to very tough even in the case of a purely elastic material.
Existence and Non-Existence of Constant Scalar Curvature and Extremal Sasaki Metrics
Creators: name: Boyer, Charles P.
name: Huang, Hongnian
name: Legendre, Eveline
name: Tønnesen-Friedman, Christina W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D42 (53C25 53D10)

description: We discuss the existence and non-existence of constant scalar curvature, as well as extremal, Sasaki metrics. We prove that the natural Sasaki-Boothby-Wang manifold over the admissible projective bundles over local products of non-negative CSC Kähler metrics, as described in https://link-springer-com.libproxy.unm.edu/article/10.1007/s00222-008-0126-x, always has a constant scalar curvature (CSC) Sasaki metric in its Sasaki-Reeb cone. Moreover, we give examples that show that the extremal Sasaki--Reeb cone, defined as the set of Sasaki--Reeb vector fields admitting a compatible extremal Sasaki metric, is not necessarily connected in the Sasaki--Reeb cone, and it can be empty even in the non-Gorenstein case. We also show by example that a non-empty extremal Sasaki--Reeb cone need not contain a (CSC) Sasaki metric which answers a question posed in https://mathscinet-ams-org.libproxy.unm.edu/mathscinet-getitem?mr=4420789. The paper also contains an appendix where we explore the existence of Kähler metrics of constant weighted scalar curvature, as defined in https://londmathsoc-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.unm.edu/doi/full/10.1112/plms.12255, on admissible manifolds over local products of non-negative CSC Kähler metrics.
description: 31 pages, to appear in Mathematische Zeitschrift
Incompatibility of Standard Galaxy Bias Models in General Relativity
Creators: name: Yoo, Jaiyul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard model for galaxy bias is built in a Newtonian framework, and several attempts have been made in the past to put it in a relativistic framework. The focus of past works was, however, to use the same Newtonian formulation, but to provide its interpretation in a relativistic framework by either fixing a gauge condition or transforming to a local coordinate system. Here we demonstrate that these reverse-engineered approaches do not respect the diffeomorphism symmetry in general relativity, and we need to develop a covariant model of galaxy bias that is diffeomorphism compatible. We consider a simple toy model for galaxy bias and discuss the impact for measuring the primordial non-Gaussianity.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, published in JCAP
Trapping and Ground-State Cooling of a Single H$_2^+$
Creators: name: Schwegler, N.
name: Holzapfel, D.
name: Stadler, M.
name: Mitjans, A.
name: Sergachev, I.
name: Home, J. P.
name: Kienzler, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate co-trapping and sideband cooling of a H$_2^+$ - $^9$Be$^+$ ion pair in a cryogenic Paul trap. We study the chemical lifetime of H$_2^+$ and its dependence on the apparatus temperature, achieving lifetimes of up to $11^{+6}_{-3}$ h at 10 K. We demonstrate cooling of two of the modes of translational motion to an average phonon number of 0.07(1) and 0.05(1), corresponding to a temperature of 22(1) $μ$K and 55(3) $μ$K respectively. Our results provide a basis for quantum logic spectroscopy experiments of H$_2^+$, as well as other light ions such as HD$^+$, H$_3^+$, and He$^+$.