Syneches manaos Smith
Creators: name: Menezes, Isis Sá
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches manaos

description: Syneches manaos Smith
(Figs 66–72, 111, 120)
Syneches manaos Smith, 1962: 215; 1967: 10 (catalog); Yang et al., 2007: 311 (catalog); Ale-Rocha & Vieira, 2008: 118 (citation).
Diagnosis. Ocellar triangle flat. Antenna dark brown. Postcranium dark brown with rough and dense grey pruinescence, absent on postocellar sclerite; palpus light brown. Pleura brown. Abdomen dark brown, with long and abundant setae, which are waved on tergites 7 and 8. Legs elongate with hind femur enlarged; yellow, except coxae, trochanters and tarsomeres 5 brown; fore and mid femora dark yellow, hind femur and apical 2/3 of hind tibia dark brown. Wing hyaline with light brown infuscation between r-m and bifurcation of Rs, and on apical margin; pterostigma brown, large, quadrangular, filling cell r1; vein R2+3 abruptly folded toward costa, reaching margin of wing at right angle.
Re-description. Holotype ♂. Body: 4.0 mm. Wing: 3.0 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle flat. Face dark brown, with grey pruinescence. Antenna dark brown with short brown setulae; pedicel with elongate marginal setae reaching beyond half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel small, slightly longer than length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, 1.6 times longer than wide, with 1 long dorsal sub-basal seta, longer than length of postpedicel; stylus about three times length of antenna, bare on distal 1/3. Proboscis yellow; palpus long, about 1/2 length of proboscis, light brown with short, dense and brown setulae, 1 apical and 1 sub-basal ventral long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum with uniseriated, short, slender and brown marginal setae. Scutum high, same height as mesopleuron and rounded; dark brown, with pale golden, dense pruinescence, posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and postalar callus light brown; setae brown, sparse, moderately long, longer on prescutellar disc; 4 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series; scutellum dark brown. Pleura brown with brown pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 acr slightly longer than covering setae and 1 dc long and robust on prescutellar disc; 2 npl long and robust widely separated; 2 pal, posterior long and strong and anterior short and weak; scutellum with 1 pair of long and robust, subapical parallel setae, 1 apical weak pair with about 1/2 length of subapical pair and 4 weak lateral setae about 2/3 length of apical pair. Legs. Elongate with femora enlarged, hind femur more robust; hind tibia slightly dilated; hind tarsomere 1 enlarged. Yellow, except coxae, trochanters and tarsomeres 5 brown; fore and mid femora dark yellow; hind femur and apical 2/3 of hind tibia dark brown. Fore tibia with AD and PV rows of slender setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 AD and 1 PD preapical long and slender seta. Mid femur with PV and AV rows. Mid tibia with 1 AD and 1 AV sub-basal, same length as tibia; 1 AV and 1 A apical long seta, extending beyond halflength of tarsomere 1. Hind femur with 2 dark brown to black AD setae, one before middle and one preapical; 8 spine-like AV setae inserted in large tubercles, three more apical setae shorter and dislocated to ventral surface; 3 spine-like PV setae inserted in tubercles on distal 1/3. Hind tibia with long and slender AD and PD setae. Wing (Fig. 111). Hyaline, with light brown infuscation between r-m and bifurcation of Rs, and on apical margin; pterostigma brown, large, quadrangular, filling cell r1; R2+3 abruptly folded towards costa, reaching margin of wing at right angle. Abdomen. Long, about 3.5 times length of thorax, slender. Dark brown with reddish brown, sparse and rough pruinescence, except tergite 2 with basal 1/3 bare and bright. Covering setae yellow and slender, long on lateral margins of tergites, on dorsum of tergites 1 and 2 and on sternites, abundant and with curved tip; one laterodorsal preapical seta stronger and darker on tergites 3–6. Tergite 8 short, 1.5 times wider than long, with lateroapical setae long and waved (Fig. 69); sternite 8 trapezoidal, extremely long, about twice length of sternite and waved setae on distal half (Fig. 70). Terminalia (Figs 66–68): elongate; hypandrium with parallel sides, two times longer than wide, with narrowed base, small median concavity on distal margin forming two small lobes, 1 long apical seta on each lobe reaching beyond apex of phallus; epandrial lamella wide, cleft apically, with extremely long and waved setae, longer than length of lamella; phallus long and slender, with narrowed and more sclerotized apex; postgonite simple, slender, as long as phallus. Female. As in the male, except as follows: tergites 7 and 8 with short, slender and straight setae; hind femur not so dilated as in male, AV surface with basal setae more slender, long and inserted onto small tubercles and distal setae short. Terminalia (Figs 71, 72): narrow and elongate; sternite 8 narrowed towards base, with central portion unsclerotized; tergite 8 rectangular, shorter than sternite 8; cercus long and robust, similar in length to tergite10.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (BMNH): BRAZIL, [Amazonas], Manaos [Manaus], July, 1935, G.U.Vredenburg. Holotype condition: Antennae and left mid tarsus lost, right wing mounted on microslide.
Additional material examined. BRASIL. Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo, 25–30.iii.1996, F.F. Xavier, 1 ♂; Manaus, F[azenda] Esteio BR-174, km 41, 17–20.xii.1993, F.F. Xavier, 3 ♂, 13 ♀; F[azenda] Porto Alegre, BR- 174, Km 68, 17–19.xi.1993, F.F. Xavier, 24 ♂, 30 ♀; idem, 17–21.i.1994, 1 ♀; Reserva [Adolpho] Ducke, Igarapé Barro Branco, armadilha malaise, 11–21.x.2004, Henriques, A. Leg, 1 ♂; idem, 8–18.xi.2004, 1 ♂; Borba, Rio Abacaxi, Paxiúba, 04°28′48″ S 58°34′ 24″W, 2–4.vi.2008, J.A. Rafael e equipe, Malaise, 1 ♂, idem, varredura, 4 ♀; Maués Rio Abacaxi, Campina, Pacamiri, 04°35′49″ S 58°13′ 14″W, 30–31.v.2008, J.A. Rafael e eq[uipe], ar[madilha] Malaise, campinarana, 1 ♂; Pará, Rio Trombetas, Cruz Alta, 25–28.vii. 1972, Varredura, J. Vidal, 1 ♂, 3 ♀; Rio Mapuera, Cach[oeira] Assunção, Malaise, 5–17.vi.1986, Eq[uipe] V. Py-Daniel, 1 ♀ (all deposited in INPA).
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Pará*) (Fig. 120).
Observations. The description of the antenna, palpus, notopleural and scutellar setae was based on specimens that had been previously compared with the type.
Comments. Some specimens have two sub-basal dorsal setae on postpedicel and light brown proboscis. Some females have brown dorsocentral stripe on scutum, widened on prescutellar disc.
Syneches manaos is similar to S. repletus in having a long and slender abdomen, male with long and waved setae on the last tergites, anterior and mid tibia with exceptionally long setae, ocellar triangle flat and hind femur dilated, more slender in females. It can be distinguished from S. repletus by the wing with the apex of vein R2+3 abruptly bent to Costa, forming a right angle with the costal margin, brown hind femur, and aspects of the male terminalia. Syneches manaos is also similar to S. longiventris and S. curvineura, both species of Melander (1928) described from Costa Rica, but differs from the former by clear wings and from the latter by having long and waved setae along of the abdomen, including the terminalia (Smith 1962).
description: Published as part of Menezes, Isis Sá & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2016, Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), pp. 401-442 in Zootaxa 4103 (5) on pages 422-423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267788