cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Themarictera Hendel 1914
Creators: name: Korneyev, Severyn V.
name: Hancock, David L.
name: Hauser, Martin
name: Korneyev, Valery A.
name: Gaimari, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Themarictera

description: Themarictera Hendel 1914
 Type species: Themarictera rufipennis Hendel, 1914 by original designation, = Dacus flaveolatus Fabricius, 1805.
 Syn.: Stigmatothemara Enderlein 1920, Type species: Stigmatothemara pterocallina Enderlein by original designation, = Dacus flaveolatus Fabricius, 1805 (synonymy by Hancock, 1986).
 An endemic Afrotropical genus, previously known by the single described species, T. flaveolata (Fabricius, 1805), widespread in continental Africa. Hancock (1986) synonymised several nominal species. The genus belongs in the tribe Acanthonevrini (Phytalmiinae) and has the head with ocellar setae rudimentary or absent, vertical plates at least as long as half the length of the frons and the frons with 2 frontal setae at the anterior margin and 2 orbital setae (anterior seta at middle of frons length). The arista is long plumose, the scutellum has 3 pairs of marginal setae, the anepimeral seta is lacking, the secondary apical midtibial seta is subequal to the longest seta (spur), the male head is expanded laterally and the female aculeus has subapical setae.
 Themarictera can be separated from Aethiothemara by the following characteristics: katepisternal seta weak or absent; medial scutellar seta weaker than basal scutellar seta; veins R 4+5 and M 1 with apical sections parallel; head 2.5–3.5× (in male) and 2.3× (in female) as wide as long; legs without erect long, thin setae; female aculeus apically pointed (in Aethiothemara, katepisternal seta well-developed; medial marginal scutellar seta not weaker than basal scutellar seta; veins R 4+5 and M 1 apically divergent; head non-modified, ca 1.6× as wide as long; legs with long and thin erect setae; and aculeus apically blunt).
description: Published as part of Korneyev, Severyn V., Hancock, David L., Hauser, Martin, Korneyev, Valery A. & Gaimari, Stephen D., 2021, A new species of the genus Themarictera Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae: Phytalmiinae: Acanthonevrini) from Madagascar, pp. 383-391 in Zootaxa 4996 (2) on page 385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/5069755
Evidence of the 4Cs of 21st Century Learning in Jamaica’s NCTVET Home Economics Related Curricula
Creators: name: Simpson, Rainess La-Gloria
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This paper argues that 21st Century Learning is one way to enhance home economics related vocational courses in Jamaica. It makes the case for including the 4Cs of 21st Century Learning (critical thinking, communication, cooperation, and creativity) in Jamaica's National Council on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (NCTVET) Home Economics related vocational curricula then it examines the current mandated curricula for evidence of the 4Cs. The purpose of this inquiry was to determine to what extent are the 4Cs evident in the instructional content of the NCTVET Home Economics related syllabi, to make recommendations to improve the implementation of the 4Cs within NCTVET Home Economics courses.
The Libycosaurus (Hippopotamoidea, Artiodactyla) intercontinental dispersal event at the early late Miocene revealed by new fossil remains from Kasserine area, Tunisia
Creators: name: Lihoreau, Fabrice
name: Essid, El Mabrouk
name: Ammar, Hayet Khayati
name: Marivaux, Laurent
name: Wissem Marzougui
name: Tabuce, Rodolphe
name: Temani, Rim
name: Vianey-Liaud, Monique
name: Merzeraud, Gilles
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Anthracotheres dispersed from Asia toward Africa at least three times: at the Eocene/Oligocene transition, during the early Miocene and later during the Miocene. Those dispersals are important datum events for African Tertiary biochronology. New fossil remains of early Libycosaurus, the genus implicated in the late Miocene dispersal, are described from a new Tunisian locality of the Kasserine area. The new fossils enhance the hypodigm of Libycosaurus algeriensis and increase the resolution of the phylogenetic position of this species using cladistics analysis. The inclusion of the genus Libycosaurus within the well-described Merycopotamus lineage allows us to constrain its dispersal time. Dispersal of this anthracothere from the Indian sub-continent to Africa was probably facilitated by sea level decrease during the early Tortonian, just preceding the Hipparion dispersal event. This new age estimation refines the resolution of the succession of late Miocene deposits in Maghreb and frames the date of the onset of the Sahara.
Additional file 6 of Effect of tuberculosis screening and retention interventions on early antiretroviral therapy mortality in Botswana: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial
Creators: name: Auld, Andrew
name: Tefera Agizew
name: Anikie Mathoma
name: Boyd, Rosanna
name: Date, Anand
name: Pals, Sherri
name: Serumola, Christopher
name: Unami Mathebula
name: Alexander, Heather
name: Ellerbrock, Tedd
name: Goabaone Rankgoane-Pono
name: Pontsho Pono
name: Shepherd, James
name: Fielding, Katherine
name: Grant, Alison
name: Finlay, Alyssa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Table of sensitivity analyses of primary and secondary study outcomes - comparison of mortality rates between study phases.
Lagrangian multiforms on coadjoint orbits for finite-dimensional integrable systems
Creators: name: Caudrelier, Vincent
name: Dell'Atti, Marta
name: Singh, Anup Anand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lagrangian multiforms provide a variational framework to describe integrable hierarchies. The case of Lagrangian $1$-forms covers finite-dimensional integrable systems. We use the theory of Lie dialgebras introduced by Semenov-Tian-Shansky to construct a Lagrangian $1$-form. Given a Lie dialgebra associated with a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and a collection $H_k$, $k=1,\dots,N$, of invariant functions on $\mathfrak{g}^*$, we give a formula for a Lagrangian multiform describing the commuting flows for $H_k$ on a coadjoint orbit in $\mathfrak{g}^*$. We show that the Euler-Lagrange equations for our multiform produce the set of compatible equations in Lax form associated with the underlying $r$-matrix of the Lie dialgebra. We establish a structural result which relates the closure relation for our multiform to the Poisson involutivity of the Hamiltonians $H_k$ and the so-called ``double zero'' on the Euler-Lagrange equations. The construction is extended to a general coadjoint orbit by using reduction from the free motion of the cotangent bundle of a Lie group. We illustrate the dialgebra construction of a Lagrangian multiform with the open Toda chain and the rational Gaudin model. The open Toda chain is built using two different Lie dialgebra structures on $\mathfrak{sl}(N+1)$. The first one possesses a non-skew-symmetric $r$-matrix and falls within the Adler-Kostant-Symes scheme. The second one possesses a skew-symmetric $r$-matrix. In both cases, the connection with the well-known descriptions of the chain in Flaschka and canonical coordinates is provided.
description: Authors' accepted version, to appear in Lett. Math. Phys. New section 4 added about reduction, corrected typos and references added. 42 pages
Overcoming Persistent Poverty—And Sinking Into It Income Trends in Persistent-Poverty and Other High- Poverty Rural Counties, 1989-94
Creators: name: Nord, Mark
name: Nord, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Food Security and Poverty

description: Post-1990 income and population trends in persistent-poverty and other high-poverty rural counties suggest that, in general, economic conditions are improving in those counties. Recent per capita income growth in the persistent-poverty counties was more than twice that in other rural counties. Improvements are concentrated in the East, while trends are mixed in the Southwest, the Ozarks, and the upper Midwest. Most high-poverty counties with predominantly Black poor experienced substantial income growth, while income declined in a substantial minority of high-poverty counties with high proportions of Hispanic and Native American poverty.
Databib: A Global Catalog of Research Data Repositories
Creators: name: Schirrwagen, Jochen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013

description: Databib (http://databib.org) is a curated, global, online catalog of research data repositories. Librarians and other information professionals have identified and cataloged over 500 data repositories that can be easily browsed and searched by users or integrated with other platforms or cyber infrastructure. Databib can help researchers find appropriate repositories to deposit their data, and it gives consumers of data a tool to discover repositories of datasets that meet their research or learning needs. Users can submit new repositories to Databib, which are reviewed and curated by an international board of editors. All information from Databib has been contributed to the public domain using the Creative Commons Zero protocol. Supported machine interfaces and formats include RSS, OpenSearch, RDF/XML, Linked Data (RDFa), and social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Google+. In this session, we will give a demonstration of Databib and give an overview of how researchers, librarians, funding agencies, students, data centers, software developers, and other users can utilize and integrate it.
The Libycosaurus (Hippopotamoidea, Artiodactyla) intercontinental dispersal event at the early late Miocene revealed by new fossil remains from Kasserine area, Tunisia
Creators: name: Lihoreau, Fabrice
name: Essid, El Mabrouk
name: Ammar, Hayet Khayati
name: Marivaux, Laurent
name: Wissem Marzougui
name: Tabuce, Rodolphe
name: Temani, Rim
name: Vianey-Liaud, Monique
name: Merzeraud, Gilles
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Anthracotheres dispersed from Asia toward Africa at least three times: at the Eocene/Oligocene transition, during the early Miocene and later during the Miocene. Those dispersals are important datum events for African Tertiary biochronology. New fossil remains of early Libycosaurus, the genus implicated in the late Miocene dispersal, are described from a new Tunisian locality of the Kasserine area. The new fossils enhance the hypodigm of Libycosaurus algeriensis and increase the resolution of the phylogenetic position of this species using cladistics analysis. The inclusion of the genus Libycosaurus within the well-described Merycopotamus lineage allows us to constrain its dispersal time. Dispersal of this anthracothere from the Indian sub-continent to Africa was probably facilitated by sea level decrease during the early Tortonian, just preceding the Hipparion dispersal event. This new age estimation refines the resolution of the succession of late Miocene deposits in Maghreb and frames the date of the onset of the Sahara.
Passage-times for partially-homogeneous reflected random walks on the quadrant
Creators: name: da Costa, Conrado
name: Menshikov, Mikhail
name: Wade, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J10 (Primary), 60G50 (Secondary)

description: We consider a random walk on the first quadrant of the square lattice, whose increment law is, roughly speaking, homogeneous along a finite number of half-lines near each of the two boundaries, and hence essentially specified by finitely-many transition laws near each boundary, together with an interior transition law that applies at sufficient distance from both boundaries. Under mild assumptions, in the (most subtle) setting in which the mean drift in the interior is zero, we classify recurrence and transience and provide power-law bounds on tails of passage times; the classification depends on the interior covariance matrix, the (finitely many) drifts near the boundaries, and stationary distributions derived from two one-dimensional Markov chains associated to each of the two boundaries. As an application, we consider reflected random walks related to multidimensional variants of the Lindley process, for which the recurrence question was studied recently by Peigné and Woess (Ann. Appl. Probab., vol. 31, 2021) using different methods, but for which no previous quantitative results on passage-times appear to be known.
description: 37 pages; 3 figures; v2; minor revisions
2-d Microcavities: Theory and Experiments
Creators: name: Noeckel, Jens U.
name: Chang, Richard K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview is provided over the physics of dielectric microcavities with non-paraxial mode structure; examples are microdroplets and edge-emitting semiconductor microlasers. Particular attention is given to cavities in which two spatial degrees of freedom are coupled via the boundary geometry. This generally necessitates numerical computations to obtain the electromagnetic cavity fields, and hence intuitive understanding becomes difficult. However, as in paraxial optics, the ray picture shows explanatory and predictive strength that can guide the design of microcavities. To understand the ray-wave connection in such asymmetric resonant cavities, methods from chaotic dynamics are required.
description: For hgher-quality figures, see http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~noeckel/papers.php#xref25
Quercus robur Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fagales
Fagaceae
Quercus
Quercus robur

description: Quercus robur Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 996. 1753. "Habitat in Europa." RCN: 1220. Lectotype (Jonsell & Jarvis in Jarvis & al., Regnum Veg. 127: 80. 1993): Herb. Burser XXII: 93 (UPS). Generitype of Quercus Linnaeus (vide Green, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 189. 1929). Current name:  Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae). Note: Jonsell & Jarvis (in Nordic J. Bot. 14: 153. 1994) discuss the reasons for their 1993 choice of type. Brullo & al. (in Webbia 54: 55. 1999) accepted 1128.30 (LINN) as type, wrongly attributing the choice to Hedge & Yaltirik in Davis, Fl. Turkey 7: 663 (1982). This is in any case a Kalm collection from North America (not Europe as indicated in the protologue), and is identifiable as Q. alba L. It is not accepted as original material, and the choice of the Burser material as type in any case has priority.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part Q), pp. 783-784 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on pages 783-784, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
How to reconcile the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer method in the measurement of the proton form factors
Creators: name: Guichon, P. A. M.
name: Vanderhaeghen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The apparent discrepancy between the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer method for the ratio of the electric to magnetic proton form factors can be explained by a two-photon exchange correction which does not destroy the linearity of the Rosenbluth plot. Though intrinsically small, of the order of a few percent of the cross section, this correction is kinematically enhanced in the Rosenbluth method while it is small for the polarization transfer method, at least in the range of (Q^2) where it has been used until now.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
title: Looking through the window of disturbance at post-wildfire debris flow hazards
Creators: name: McGuire, Luke A.
name: Rengers, Francis K.
name: Kean, Jason W.
name: Staley, Dennis M.
name: Tang, Hui
name: Youberg, Ann M.
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2019
Subjects: debris flow
wildfire
recovery
threshold
infiltration

description: The extreme heat from wildfire alters soil properties and incinerates vegetation, leading to changes in infiltration capacity, ground cover, soil erodibility, and rainfall interception. These changes promote increases in runoff and sediment transport that increase the likelihood of runoff-generated debris flows. Over a period of several years, referred to as the window of disturbance, the landscape recovers and wildfire-induced changes become less accentuated. Debris flows are most common in the year immediately following wildfire, but changes in the likelihood and magnitude of debris flows throughout the window of disturbance are not well constrained. Assessing debris-flow hazards throughout the post-wildfire recovery period is complicated, in part, by the myriad of wildfire-induced changes and their nonlinear relationships with sediment transport and runoff generation processes. In this study, we combine measurements of soil hydraulic properties with vegetation survey data and numerical modeling to understand how debris-flow threats are likely to change in steep, burned basins during the first two years of recovery. We focus on documenting recovery following the 2016 Fish Fire in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, USA and demonstrate how a numerical model can be used to predict temporal changes in debris-flow properties and initiation thresholds within that region. Substantial increases in sorptivity, which represents the capillarity contribution to infiltration, and reductions in the percentage of bare soil occurred during the first 18 months following the Fish Fire. Numerical modeling suggests that these changes lead to a roughly 40% increase in the 15-minute rainfall intensity-duration threshold associated with debris-flow initiation as well as more than a three-fold decrease in debris-flow volume from post-fire year 1 to post-fire year 2. These results provide valuable constraints on changes in debris-flow thresholds within the San Gabriel Mountains as well as a general framework for exploring the impact of changing vegetation and soil hydraulic properties on debris flow magnitude and susceptibility.
Sharing Qualitative Data of Business and Organizational Research Problems and Solutions, Bielefeld University
Creators: name: Gebel, Tobias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013

description: In German empirical organizational research, qualitative methods are used predominantly. For this specific field of research it is typical that the samples are often very small and sensitive. Also, the data often are not usable for other researchers. Consequences are the non-exhaustion of the analysis potential of interesting research data, recurring interviews and a strain on the field. That causes an ongoing decline of the willingness of respondents to participate in interviews. Data sharing can contribute to relieve overstressed research populations and to exhaust the analysis potential of available data. Nevertheless, data sharing has no tradition in qualitative organizational research. Our presentation focuses on four central requirements for data sharing: visibility of data in its existence, data documentation, data protection and data access. We will address the specific features of data documentation, as well as the data protection procedure. Additionally, we would like to discuss specifics and possible solutions for those requirements of qualitative organizational studies.
Evaluation of Animal Hygiene Management from Person’s Inference System Aspect
Creators: name: Kubota, Satoko
name: Kubota, Satoko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: animal hygiene
subject: risk perception
subject: dual process theory
subject: dairy farm
subject: Japan

description: The effect of animal hygiene management doesn't appear for the short term. However, the farmer is apt to pay attention to the short term profit, because they have the bounded rationality. The individual animal hygiene management was evaluated from the view point of person’s inference system and considered the relation to farmer ’s character. The dual process theory of reasoning postulate two distinct systems: intuition type and analytical type. In the case of the analytical type, though they request a lot of acknowledgement resource and time, their judgments are logical compare to that of intuition people. The study was conducted in the northern part of Hokkaido, Japan. Data was collected using questionnaire by mail. The questionnaire included farmer’s attr ibutes, information of dairy management, risk perception for infection disease, personal scale which presents "intuition type" or "analytical type", and level of animal hygiene management. As a result of the structural equation models (SEM) analysis, analytical type has a strongly positive effect to the level of animal hygiene management than intuition type. Moreover, it was shown that the analytical type and intuition type influence inversely the risk perception. However, risk perception was not statistically significant for the level of animal hygiene management. It suggested that there is a farmer who is not doing animal hygiene management even if the risk perception is high.
Additional file 4 of Effect of tuberculosis screening and retention interventions on early antiretroviral therapy mortality in Botswana: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial
Creators: name: Auld, Andrew
name: Tefera Agizew
name: Anikie Mathoma
name: Boyd, Rosanna
name: Date, Anand
name: Pals, Sherri
name: Serumola, Christopher
name: Unami Mathebula
name: Alexander, Heather
name: Ellerbrock, Tedd
name: Goabaone Rankgoane-Pono
name: Pontsho Pono
name: Shepherd, James
name: Fielding, Katherine
name: Grant, Alison
name: Finlay, Alyssa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4. Table comparing demographic and clinical characteristics between prospective study enrollees in the EC and EC+X phases and eligible clients declining enrollment.
Laonice (Laonice) Malmgren 1867
Creators: name: Sikorski, Andrey V.
name: Radashevsky, Vasily I.
name: Castelli, Alberto
name: Pavlova, Lyudmila V.
name: Nygren, Arne
name: Malyar, Vasily V.
name: Borisova, Polina B.
name: Mikac, Barbara
name: Rousou, Maria
name: Martin, Daniel
name: Gil, João
name: Pacciardi, Lorenzo
name: Langeneck, Joachim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Spionida
Spionidae
Laonice

description: Laonice (Laonice) Malmgren, 1867
 Laonice (Laonice): Sikorski, Gunton & Pavlova 2017: 962.
 Type species: Nerine cirrata M. Sars, 1851. By monotypy.
 Diagnosis. Prostomium fused with fronto-lateral margin of peristomium. Caruncle long, extending beyond half of branchiate chaetigers. Capillary chaetae on anterior chaetigers arranged in two vertical rows. Hooded hooks with main fang surmounted by paired apical teeth. Hooks absent in notopodia.
 Remarks. The nominotypical subgenus Laonice (Laonice) was recognized by Sikorski et al. (2017) based on a morphological analysis of Laonice species. Molecular analysis provided in the present study (Fig. 1) supports the monophyly of this group.
description: Published as part of Sikorski, Andrey V., Radashevsky, Vasily I., Castelli, Alberto, Pavlova, Lyudmila V., Nygren, Arne, Malyar, Vasily V., Borisova, Polina B., Mikac, Barbara, Rousou, Maria, Martin, Daniel, Gil, João, Pacciardi, Lorenzo & Langeneck, Joachim, 2021, Revision of the Laonice bahusiensis complex (Annelida: Spionidae) with a description of three new species, pp. 253-283 in Zootaxa 4996 (2) on page 259, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5069822
An Impact of Johne’s Disease on a Large-Scale Dairy Farm - A Case Study Using Cash Flow Analysis
Creators: name: Sembokuya, Yasushi
name: Kubota, Satoko
name: Sembokuya, Yasushi
name: Kubota, Satoko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: cash flow
subject: Johne’s disease
subject: large-scale dairy farm

description: The expansion of animal diseases could cause the damage for long time. The work and cost of disinfection can be considerable, depending on the scale of production. Moreover, unstable cash flow will be caused. The manager or owner has to pay the expenditure on wages, feed and things like that for milk production, even if the shipment of milk isn’t allowed. Information on the change in performance after the infection of Johne’s disease for farmers is limited. Effective information must be provided like what changes, how it changes and what kinds of disinfection measures are effective after outbreak. The outbreak of infections is a destabilizing factor in the normal cash flow of dairy farms. The farm targeted for this study is a dairy farm in Hokkaido, Japan. That had, as o f 2010, about 300 cows and 50 ha of grass land. Three family members and some hired workers were engaged in dairy farming. The first cow infected with Johne’s disease was confirmed in 1999 and more than 200 cows were culled for disinfection. The accounting data that showed the change in the performance of this farm were used in this study. Stable cash flow is needed for stable management. Cash flow analysis is used in this study to illustrate the change in the performance after an outbreak of Johne’s disease in dairy farming. The cash flow statement is mainly used in accounting and acknowledged in international accounting standard. The depreciation cost of cow made from increased culling of infected animals creates a surplus of cash flow from operations. However, a decline in compulsive and/or voluntarily culled cows, therefore a decline in sales of cow reduces cash flow from operation and free cash flow. Outbreaks of Johne’s disease seriously impact the cash flow of large-scale dairy farms.
Quercus rubra Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fagales
Fagaceae
Quercus
Quercus rubra

description: Quercus rubra Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 996. 1753. "Habitat in Virginia, Carolina." RCN: 7217. Lectotype (designated here by Nixon & Barrie): [icon] " Quercus esculi divisura, foliis ampleoribus aculeatis, an Quercus alba Virginiana Park. " in Plukenet, Phytographia: t. 54, f. 4. 1691; Almag. Bot.: 309. 1696. Current name:  Quercus rubra L. (Fagaceae). Note: Linnaeus included several different taxa within his concept of Q. rubra. Although most early authors applied it to the northern red oak, Sargent (in Rhodora 17: 39. 1915; l.c. 18: 45. 1916) argued that the name should be used for the species widely known as Q. falcata Michx. Others (e.g. Svenson, l.c. 41: 521. 1941; 47: 298, 366. 1945; and Fernald (in J. Arnold Arbor. 27: 391. 1946) disagreed but as a result of this divergence, some (e.g. Rehder in J. Arnold. Arbor. 19: 283. 1938) have treated the the name as a nomen ambiguum. However, as the name continues to be in use, the name is formally typified here in its traditional sense, that of the northern red oak.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part Q), pp. 783-784 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 784, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
The impact of irrigation infrastructure development on agriculture and household incomes in Indonesia
Creators: name: Firmansyah
name: Cabalu, Helen
name: Firmansyah
name: Cabalu, Helen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Indonesia
subject: agriculture
subject: irrigation
subject: computable general equilibrium

description: This study develops Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of the Indonesian economy to analyze the impact of agricultural infrastructure development, in particular irrigation, on national and sectoral outputs and households incomes. This research methodology develops and uses an Indonesian social accounting matrix database. The results show that the total economic output and welfare increase, and the more irrigated agricultural sectors i.e. paddy sector have greater output increase than the less irrigated sectors when the increase of investment on irrigation infrastructure also followed by the increase on paddy productivity. Household groups of agricultural workers and households of non-agricultural, low level income workers in rural areas, experience a higher increase in incomes than the other house hold groups.
Revisiting Pre-Trained Models for Chinese Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Cui, Yiming
name: Che, Wanxiang
name: Liu, Ting
name: Qin, Bing
name: Wang, Shijin
name: Hu, Guoping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) has shown marvelous improvements across various NLP tasks, and consecutive variants have been proposed to further improve the performance of the pre-trained language models. In this paper, we target on revisiting Chinese pre-trained language models to examine their effectiveness in a non-English language and release the Chinese pre-trained language model series to the community. We also propose a simple but effective model called MacBERT, which improves upon RoBERTa in several ways, especially the masking strategy that adopts MLM as correction (Mac). We carried out extensive experiments on eight Chinese NLP tasks to revisit the existing pre-trained language models as well as the proposed MacBERT. Experimental results show that MacBERT could achieve state-of-the-art performances on many NLP tasks, and we also ablate details with several findings that may help future research. Resources available: https://github.com/ymcui/MacBERT
description: 12 pages, to appear at Findings of EMNLP 2020
Groundwater Irrigation and Production Risks in Rice Farming in Southern Philippines
Creators: name: Gomez, Norma U.
name: Rola, Agnes C.
name: Gomez, Norma U.
name: Rola, Agnes C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Production risk
subject: shallow tube well
subject: rice farmers
subject: groundwater recharge
subject: cost of pumping
subject: Philippines

description: A stochastic production function specification is used to value the variability in agricultural productivity of groundwater use in rainfed lowland rice areas by farmers using shallow tube wells (STWs). The study was done in Southern Philippines Province o f Cotabato. Using survey data, this study first estimated the mean rice yield function with the cost of pumping, which represents well depth and water availability, used as water supply proxy variable input into the stochastic production function. The results of the estimated mean yield function showed that machineries cost, cost of pesticides, and cost of pumping are the most important determinants of yield levels of rice grown during wet season cropping. The mean yield function revealed a diminishing marginal productivity for the cost of pumping. Nitrogen fertilizer was found to be positively related to yield in the dry season cropping in the sample study area. The variance function of the stochastic production function provided empirical evidence that the cost of pumping reduces rice yield variability in the wet season cropping. This implies that risk-averse rainfed lowland rice farmers concerned with reducing production risk, hence income variability could use groundwater as source of irrigation. The study proposes, though subject to further verification, that the use of shallow tube well stabilizes rice yield in rainfed lowland irrigation agriculture. The significant higher difference in gross margin (P7,323 ha-1) attained by farmers in high recharge areas in dry season cropping is probably due to higher water levels in turn more water availability than in low recharge areas. The welfare loss associated with increased pumping cost could shed some light on the lower bound estimate valuation of raw water fees for irrigation agriculture that use groundwater. This lower bound estimate only considers the extraction cost but consideration on the in-situ value of the groundwater resource is highly important though it is not included in this study.
13 Years of Timing of PSR B1259-63
Creators: name: Wang, N.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Manchester, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper summarizes the results of 13 years of timing observations of a unique binary pulsar, PSR B1259$-$63, which has a massive B2e star companion. The data span encompasses four complete orbits and includes the periastron passages in 1990, 1994, 1997 and 2000. Changes in dispersion measure occurring around the 1994, 1997 and 2000 periastrons are measured and accounted for in the timing analysis. There is good evidence for a small glitch in the pulsar period in 1997 August, not long after the 1997 periastron, and a significant frequency second derivative indicating timing noise. We find that spin-orbit coupling with secular changes in periastron longitude and projected semi-major axis ($x$) cannot account for the observed period variations over the whole data set. While fitting the data fairly well, changes in pulsar period parameters at each periastron seem ruled out both by X-ray observations and by the large apparent changes in pulsar frequency derivative. Essentially all of the systematic period variations are accounted for by a model consisting of the 1997 August glitch and step changes in $x$ at each periastron. These changes must be due to changes in the orbit inclination, but we can find no plausible mechanism to account for them. It is possible that timing noise may mask the actual changes in orbital parameters at each periastron, but the good fit to the data of the $x$ step-change model suggests that short-term timing noise is not significant.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Implications of lifting the rice subsidy on consumption and food security in India
Creators: name: Molina, Imelda R.
name: Valera, Harold Glenn
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Molina, Imelda R.
name: Valera, Harold Glenn
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: below poverty line
subject: undernourished
subject: rice consumption
subject: calorie intake
subject: IGRM

description: This paper examines the outcomes of removing the rice subsidies for the poor, particularly those below the poverty line (BPL) using the IRRI Global Rice Model (IGRM), a partial equilibrium structural econometric simulation model. Simulation results show that without BPL rice subsidy, rice consumption per capita and caloric intake would decrease resulting in an increasing number hungry of people in India.
Additional file 1 of Risk factors for pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in long-term care facility residents: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Moyo, Patience
name: Zullo, Andrew
name: McConeghy, Kevin
name: Bosco, Elliott
name: Aalst, Robertus
name: Chit, Ayman
name: Gravenstein, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Sample selection flow diagram. Table S1. Multivariable analysis of factors associated with hospitalizations for P&I in any diagnosis position. Table S2. Hazard ratios based on Fine and Gray competing risk analyses accounting for death among hospitalizations with P&I as the principal diagnosis.
Integrable Cosmological Model with van der Waals Gas and Matter Creation
Creators: name: Ivanov, Rossen I.
name: Prodanov, Emil M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cosmological model with van der Waals gas and dust has been studied in the context of a three-component autonomous non-linear dynamical system involving the time evolution of the particle number density, the Hubble parameter and the temperature. Due to the presence of a symmetry of the model, the temperature evolution law is determined (in terms of the particle number density) and with this the dynamical system reduces to a two-component one which is fully integrable. The globally conserved Hamiltonian is identified and, in addition to it, some special (second) integrals, defined and conserved on a lower-dimensional manifold, are found. The parameter choices and their implication for the global dynamics in terms of cosmological relevance are comprehensively studied and the physically meaningful parameter values are identified.
description: 25 pages, 21 figures, 1 table
Regional Cooperation for Food Security in East Asia : From Rice Reserve APTERR and Information System AFSIS to Common Agricultural Policy
Creators: name: Toyoda, Takashi
name: Suwunnamek, Opal
name: Toyoda, Takashi
name: Suwunnamek, Opal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food security cooperation
subject: ASEAN plus three emergency rice reserve (APTERR)
subject: ASEAN food security information system (AFSIS)
subject: common agricultural policy
subject: East Asian countries

description: During the transition to the 21st century, globalization increased investment and trade in East Asia and accelerated the interdependence of the Asian national economies. Under the worldwide food crisis, even with the global financial crisis and sluggish demand, rice prices have remained high. Food shortages in poor developing countries have worsened. Regional cooperation in food security has become a critical issue. The key to success here may be the East Asia Emergency Rice Reserve (EAERR) pilot project launched in 2004 and the ASEAN Food Security Information System (AFSIS) launched in 2003. Both were agreed to at the AMAF+3, the Ministerial Meeting on Agriculture and Forestry of the ASEAN+3 (Japan, China and Korea), targeting food reserves and aid in the event of disasters and famine. First Part of this paper focuses on the East Asian Emergency Rice Reserve (EAERR), which evaluate the evolution over time from the ASEAN Emergency Rice Reserve (AERR) to the EAERR. The paper discusses the goals of the EAERR’s dual rice stock system (earmarked and physical stocks) and describes the mechanisms of the four rice release programs (Tier 1, 2, 3 and PAME). It also explores the conversion of EAERR into ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR) as a permanent organization following the conclusion of the EAERR pilot project in 2010.Secomd part of this paper advances proposals related to regional cooperation and Asian common agricultural policy towards the East Asian community; for example, policy cooperation for development assistance, common policy on trade and tariffs including food safety, Asian Common Agricultural Policy (ACAP), and supply-demand and structural adjustments in common agricultural policy.
Noteworthy sigmodontine (Rodentia: Cricetidae) diversity in southern Brazil as an indication of environmental change during the Holocene
Creators: name: Narla Shannay Stutz
name: Hadler, Patrícia
name: Cherem, Jorge José
name: Fernández, Fernando Julián
name: Ulyses Francisco José Pardiñas
name: Ribeiro, Ana Maria
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: We describe a new sigmodontine fossil sequence ranging from 8,800 ± 40 to 3,730 ± 60 years BP retrieved from the archaeological site RS-S-327:Sangão (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). The studied material includes 2,683 craniomandibular remains totalizing about 20 sigmodontine species. The assemblage encompasses a variety of taxa associated to both open and forest environments. Among the former, we recorded species today disappeared in southern Brazil such as the rare ‘giant’ rats Gyldenstolpia and Kunsia, but also the coney rat Reithrodon and the akodontine Necromys obscurus. Conversely, an important assemblage of sylvan species, including the genera Delomys, Oecomys, and Wilfredomys, reflects forested environments. Several of the recorded sigmodontines, such as Deltamys or Nectomys, constitute first mentions for the southern Brazil Quaternary. One of the most remarkable features of the studied sequence is its noteworthy specific richness, probably due to a combination of local environmental heterogeneity in a regional tendency of changing climatic conditions. The evidence of Sangão plus the previously studied samples from Garivaldino and Pilger sites exposes faunal changes during the Holocene in southern Brazil. In this context, the impoverishment of recent sigmodontine assemblages seems a natural result from the progressive disappearance of extensive open environments since Middle Holocene.
Caesar’s Bestiary: using classical accounts to statistically map changes in the large mammal fauna of Germany during the Pleistocene and Holocene
Creators: name: Brownstein, Chase D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: In De Bello Gallico, Gaius Julius Caesar describes the various campaigns waged by the Romans under his leadership against the ‘Gauls’ and the geography, wildlife, and the various tribes of the lands he observed during his time in ‘Gallia’. Caesar remarks in one passage in chapters 26–28 of book 6 on the large mammals of an area of wilderness known to him as ‘Hercynia Silva,’ the Hercynian Forest. This passage, analyzed previously by several authors who identified the animals Caesar described and compared his descriptions with those of several mythological creatures, allows for a unique glimpse into the large mammal fauna of Germany of ~ 2000 years ago, as the mammals Caesar mentions include several species either locally extirpated from Germany or extinct altogether. Here, I review these descriptions and prior analyses of their meaning to compile a faunal list of the Hercynian forest megafauna from the Classical period. Additionally, I briefly statistically compare this faunal to several from Pleistocene Germany. These comparisons serve to both demonstrate changes in the megafauna of Europe during the late Quaternary and the use of classical sources in paleobiogeography and paleoecology.
A Sentence Cloze Dataset for Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension
Creators: name: Cui, Yiming
name: Liu, Ting
name: Yang, Ziqing
name: Chen, Zhipeng
name: Ma, Wentao
name: Che, Wanxiang
name: Wang, Shijin
name: Hu, Guoping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Owing to the continuous efforts by the Chinese NLP community, more and more Chinese machine reading comprehension datasets become available. To add diversity in this area, in this paper, we propose a new task called Sentence Cloze-style Machine Reading Comprehension (SC-MRC). The proposed task aims to fill the right candidate sentence into the passage that has several blanks. We built a Chinese dataset called CMRC 2019 to evaluate the difficulty of the SC-MRC task. Moreover, to add more difficulties, we also made fake candidates that are similar to the correct ones, which requires the machine to judge their correctness in the context. The proposed dataset contains over 100K blanks (questions) within over 10K passages, which was originated from Chinese narrative stories. To evaluate the dataset, we implement several baseline systems based on the pre-trained models, and the results show that the state-of-the-art model still underperforms human performance by a large margin. We release the dataset and baseline system to further facilitate our community. Resources available through https://github.com/ymcui/cmrc2019
description: 7 pages, to appear at COLING 2020
Resonant State in Helium-4 Lambda
Creators: name: Kahana, D. E.
name: Kahana, S. H.
name: Millener, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent experiment E906 at the BNL-AGS, a search for light S=-2 hypernuclei, strong evidence was found for the nuclide Hydrogen-4 double Lambda. One of the most striking components of this data was the appearance of a narrow low-momentum pi- line at k(pi-) = 104-105 MeV/c. This was ascribed to the decay of Hydrogen-4 double Lambda into a resonant state in Helium-4 Lambda. The existence of such a state is shown to be plausible and its characteristics are delineated.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure