cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient tomography of a quantum many-body system
Creators: name: Lanyon, B. P.
name: Maier, C.
name: Holzäpfel, M.
name: Baumgratz, T.
name: Hempel, C.
name: Jurcevic, P.
name: Dhand, I.
name: Buyskikh, A. S.
name: Daley, A. J.
name: Cramer, M.
name: Plenio, M. B.
name: Blatt, R.
name: Roos, C. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum state tomography (QST) is the gold standard technique for obtaining an estimate for the state of small quantum systems in the laboratory. Its application to systems with more than a few constituents (e.g. particles) soon becomes impractical as the effort required grows exponentially in the number of constituents. Developing more efficient techniques is particularly pressing as precisely-controllable quantum systems that are well beyond the reach of QST are emerging in laboratories. Motivated by this, there is a considerable ongoing effort to develop new characterisation tools for quantum many-body systems. Here we demonstrate Matrix Product State (MPS) tomography, which is theoretically proven to allow the states of a broad class of quantum systems to be accurately estimated with an effort that increases efficiently with constituent number. We first prove that this broad class includes the out-of-equilbrium states produced by 1D systems with finite-range interactions, up to any fixed point in time. We then use the technique to reconstruct the dynamical state of a trapped-ion quantum simulator comprising up to 14 entangled spins (qubits): a size far beyond the reach of QST. Our results reveal the dynamical growth of entanglement and description complexity as correlations spread out during a quench: a necessary condition for future beyond-classical performance. MPS tomography should find widespread use to study large quantum many-body systems and to benchmark and verify quantum simulators and computers.
description: 5 pages of main text with 4 figures, 40 additional pages of supplementary material
Object Database Benchmarks
Creators: name: Darmont, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The need for performance measurement tools appeared soon after the emergence of the first Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMSs), and proved important for both designers and users (Atkinson \& Maier, 1990). Performance evaluation is useful to designers to determine elements of architecture and more generally to validate or refute hypotheses regarding the actual behavior of an OODBMS. Thus, performance evaluation is an essential component in the development process of well-designed and efficient systems. Users may also employ performance evaluation, either to compare the efficiency of different technologies before selecting an OODBMS or to tune a system.Performance evaluation by experimentation on a real system is generally referred to as benchmarking. It consists in performing a series of tests on a given OODBMS to estimate its performance in a given setting. Benchmarks are generally used to compare the global performance of OODBMSs, but they can also be exploited to illustrate the advantages of one system or another in a given situation, or to determine an optimal hardware configuration. Typically, a benchmark is constituted of two main elements: a workload model constituted of a database and a set of read and write operations to apply on this database, and a set of performance metrics.
An acoustic glottal source for vocal tract physical models
Creators: name: Hannukainen, Antti
name: Kuortti, Juha
name: Malinen, Jarmo
name: Ojalammi, Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 92C55, 93C95, 74J25

description: A sound source was proposed for acoustic measurements of physical models of the human vocal tract. The physical models are produced by Fast Prototyping, based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging during prolonged vowel production. The sound source, accompanied by custom signal processing algorithms, is used for two kinds of measurements: (i) amplitude frequency response and resonant frequency measurements of physical models, and (ii) signal reconstructions at the source output according to a target waveform with measurements at the mouth position of the physical model. The proposed source and the software are validated by measurements on a physical model of the vocal tract corresponding to vowel [a] of a male speaker.
description: 27 pages
Compact stars in the braneworld: a new branch of stellar configurations with arbitrarily large mass
Creators: name: Lugones, Germán
name: Arbañil, José D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of compact stars in the Randall-Sundrum II type braneworld model. To this end, we solve the braneworld generalization of the stellar structure equations for a static fluid distribution with spherical symmetry considering that the spacetime outside the star is described by a Schwarzschild metric. First, the stellar structure equations are integrated employing the so called causal limit equation of state (EOS), which is constructed using a well established EOS at densities below a fiducial density, and the causal EOS $P= ρ$ above it. It is a standard procedure in general relativistic stellar structure calculations to use such EOS for obtaining a limit in the mass radius diagram, known as causal limit, above which no stellar configurations are possible if the EOS fulfills that the sound velocity is smaller than the speed of light. We find that the equilibrium solutions in the braneworld model can violate the general relativistic causal limit and, for sufficiently large mass they approach asymptotically to the Schwarzschild limit $M = 2 R$. Then, we investigate the properties of hadronic and strange quark stars using two typical EOSs. For masses below $\sim 1.5 - 2 M_{\odot}$, the mass versus radius curves show the typical behavior found within the frame of General Relativity. However, we also find a new branch of stellar configurations that can violate the general relativistic causal limit and that in principle may have an arbitrarily large mass. The stars belonging to this new branch are supported against collapse by the nonlocal effects of the bulk on the brane. We also show that these stars are always stable under small radial perturbations. These results support the idea that traces of extra-dimensions might be found in astrophysics, specifically through the analysis of masses and radii of compact objects.
description: to appear in Physical Review D
The OmegaWhite Survey for Short-Period Variable Stars IV: Discovery of the warm DQ white dwarf OW J175358.85-310728.9
Creators: name: Macfarlane, S. A.
name: Woudt, P. A.
name: Dufour, P.
name: Ramsay, G.
name: Groot, P. J.
name: Toma, R.
name: Warner, B.
name: Paterson, K.
name: Kupfer, T.
name: van Roestel, J.
name: Berdnikov, L.
name: Dagne, T.
name: Hardy, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery and follow-up observations of the second known variable warm DQ white dwarf OW J175358.85-310728.9 (OW J1753-3107). OW J1753-3107 is the brightest of any of the currently known warm or hot DQ and was discovered in the OmegaWhite Survey as exhibiting optical variations on a period of 35.5452 (2) mins, with no evidence for other periods in its light curves. This period has remained constant over the last two years and a single-period sinusoidal model provides a good fit for all follow-up light curves. The spectrum consists of a very blue continuum with strong absorption lines of neutral and ionised carbon, a broad He I 4471 A line, and possibly weaker hydrogen lines. The C I lines are Zeeman split, and indicate the presence of a strong magnetic field. Using spectral Paschen-Back model descriptions, we determine that OW J1753-3107 exhibits the following physical parameters: T_eff = 15430 K, log(g) = 9.0, log(N(C)/N(He)) = -1.2, and the mean magnetic field strength is B_z =2.1 MG. This relatively low temperature and carbon abundance (compared to the expected properties of hot DQs) is similar to that seen in the other warm DQ SDSS J1036+6522. Although OW J1753-3107 appears to be a twin of SDSS J1036+6522, it exhibits a modulation on a period slightly longer than the dominant period in SDSS J1036+6522 and has a higher carbon abundance. The source of variations is uncertain, but they are believed to originate from the rotation of the magnetic white dwarf.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication by MNRAS
Quantum probability updating from zero prior (by-passing Cromwell's rule)
Creators: name: Basieva, Irina
name: Pothos, Emmanuel
name: Trueblood, Jennifer
name: Khrennikov, Andrei
name: Busemeyer, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cromwell's rule (also known as the zero priors paradox) refers to the constraint of classical probability theory that if one assigns a prior probability of 0 or 1 to a hypothesis, then the posterior has to be 0 or 1 as well (this is a straightforward implication of how Bayes's rule works). Relatedly, hypotheses with a very low prior cannot be updated to have a very high posterior without a tremendous amount of new evidence to support them (or to make other possibilities highly improbable). Cromwell's rule appears at odds with our intuition of how humans update probabilities. In this work, we report two simple decision making experiments, which seem to be inconsistent with Cromwell's rule. Quantum probability theory, the rules for how to assign probabilities from the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, provides an alternative framework for probabilistic inference. An advantage of quantum probability theory is that it is not subject to Cromwell's rule and it can accommodate changes from zero or very small priors to significant posteriors. We outline a model of decision making, based on quantum theory, which can accommodate the changes from priors to posteriors, observed in our experiments.
On-farm agronomic manipulations to improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the saline coastal zone of the Red River Delta in Vietnam
Creators: name: Luyen, Phan
name: Kamoshita, Akihiko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sporadic salinity caused by seawater intrusion is a serious concern for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the Red River Delta (RRD) of Vietnam, and guidance for on-farm agronomic management is needed. Three sets of on-farm experiments – namely, trials of (1) nitrogen (N) fertilizer use (replicated trials and surveys of farmer fields, including plots receiving zero N), (2) resistant varieties, and (3) shallow irrigation management – were conducted from 2015 to 2017 in three communes in Nam Dinh province in the RRD, to assess technologies adaptable by farmers. Yield response to N fertilizer in the farmer fields was generally low and greatly variable, associated with variable N recovery efficiency and internal efficiency, particularly in fields at risk of high salinity in one commune during summer 2015. In the replicated trials, N fertilizer applied at 120–180 kg N ha−1 in spring and 100–150 kg N ha−1 in summer generally produced better yields with higher N use efficiencies than the current high N application rates (219 and 189 kg N ha−1, respectively). Recently developed salinity-resistant varieties M2 and M14 produced almost 50% higher yield than the conventional varieties in very saline at-risk fields. Shallow water-depth management (<5 cm) resulted in grain yields similar to the higher conventional-depth management in the less saline fields, but significantly reduced yields in the more saline fields. These results indicate potential resource-use efficiencies in rice production to better cope with coastal salinity in the RRD.
Defect Dynamics in Artificial Colloidal Ice: Real-Time Observation, Manipulation and Logic Gate
Creators: name: Loehr, Johannes
name: Ortiz-Ambriz, Antonio
name: Tierno, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the defect dynamics in a colloidal spin ice system realized by filling a square lattice of topographic double well islands with repulsively interacting magnetic colloids. We focus on the contraction of defects in the ground state, and contraction/expansion in a metastable biased state. Combining real-time experiments with simulations, we prove that these defects behave like emergent topological monopoles obeying a Coulomb law with an additional line tension. We further show how to realize a completely resettable "NOR" gate, which provides guidelines for fabrication of nanoscale logic devices based on the motion of topological magnetic monopoles.
Effects of knockout of CO2-responsive CCT protein, a regulator of starch synthesis on physiological characteristics of rice
Creators: name: Miyagawa, Fumihiro
name: Shibatani, Naoki
name: Morita, Ryutaro
name: Sasayama, Daisuke
name: Hatanaka, Tomoko
name: Azuma, Tetsushi
name: Fukayama, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: CO2-Responsive CCT Protein (CRCT) is suggested to be a positive regulator of starch synthesis-related genes in the vegetative organs of rice. To investigate the physiological function of CRCT, we produced CRCT knockout lines by CRISPR/Cas9 system. CRCT knockout tended to slightly reduce photosynthetic performance and had some adverse effects on growth parameters such as tiller number and straw dry weight. The starch content in the leaf sheath of CRCT knockout lines was significantly lower than that of wild-type. qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analysis showed that sucrose treatment induced the expression of CRCT, which, in turn, induced many starch synthesis-related genes in wild-type, whereas this induction did not occur in CRCT knockout lines. In conclusion, our results suggest that sugar induction of starch synthesis-related genes is almost fully dependent on CRCT, making it a necessary factor for normal photosynthesis and growth of rice.
Contact Mechanics of a Small Icosahedral Virus
Creators: name: Zeng, Cheng
name: Hernando-Pérez, Mercedes
name: Ma, Xiang
name: van der Schoot, Paul
name: Zandi, Roya
name: Dragnea, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Virus binding to a surface results at least locally, at the contact area, in stress and potential structural perturbation of the virus cage. Here we address the question of the role of substrate-induced deformation in the overall virus mechanical response to the adsorption event. This question may be especially important for the broad category of viruses that have their shells stabilized by weak, non-covalent interactions. We utilize atomic force microscopy to measure the height change distributions of the brome mosaic virus upon adsorption from liquid on atomically flat substrates and present a continuum model which captures well the behavior. Height data fitting according the model provides, without recourse to indentation, estimates of virus elastic properties and of the interfacial energy.
Effects of knockout of CO2-Responsive CCT protein, a regulator of starch synthesis on physiological characteristics of rice
Creators: name: Miyagawa, Fumihiro
name: Shibatani, Naoki
name: Morita, Ryutaro
name: Sasayama, Daisuke
name: Hatanaka, Tomoko
name: Azuma, Tetsushi
name: Fukayama, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: CO2-Responsive CCT Protein (CRCT) is suggested to be a positive regulator of starch synthesis-related genes in the vegetative organs of rice. To investigate the physiological function of CRCT, we produced CRCT knockout lines by CRISPR/Cas9 system. CRCT knockout tended to slightly reduce photosynthetic performance, and had some adverse effects on growth parameters such as tiller number and straw dry weight. The starch content in the leaf sheath of CRCT knockout lines was significantly lower than that of wild-type. qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analysis showed that sucrose treatment induced the expression of CRCT, which in turn induced many starch synthesis-related genes in wild-type, whereas this induction did not occur in CRCT knockout lines. In conclusion, our results suggests that sugar induction of starch synthesis-related genes is almost fully dependent on CRCT, making it a necessary factor for normal photosynthesis and growth of rice.
Estimating the Impact of Missing Totalization Agreements
Creators: name: Seshadri, Ananth
name: Guo, Junjie
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bilateral Agreements; Social Security; labor Mobility; trade
subject: Population and Demography
subject: Social Sciences

description: The number of international social security agreements (totalization agreements) signed by the United States is significantly smaller than the number signed by other countries such as Canada and the U.K. This paper estimates the impact of the missing totalization agreements — the agreements that other countries such as Mexico and Turkey have signed with Canada but not the U.S. We find suggestive evidence that international social security agreements increase labor mobility. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we estimate that, on average, the social security agreements between Canada and countries that have no social security agreement with the U.S. reduced Canadian (relative to U.S.) exports to and increased Canadian imports from those countries. Moreover, we find the impact on exports increases over time and is concentrated among the agreements enacted either before 1995 or after 2010 with countries that have a low real GDP per capita, a low exports-to-GDP ratio, and a medium imports-to-GDP ratio, while the impact on imports is concentrated in the first three years following the social security agreements with middle-sized countries at the upper end of the distribution of real GDP per capita.
Constructing Adjacency Arrays from Incidence Arrays
Creators: name: Jananthan, Hayden
name: Dibert, Karia
name: Kepner, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Graph construction, a fundamental operation in a data processing pipeline, is typically done by multiplying the incidence array representations of a graph, $\mathbf{E}_\mathrm{in}$ and $\mathbf{E}_\mathrm{out}$, to produce an adjacency array of the graph, $\mathbf{A}$, that can be processed with a variety of algorithms. This paper provides the mathematical criteria to determine if the product $\mathbf{A} = \mathbf{E}^{\sf T}_\mathrm{out}\mathbf{E}_\mathrm{in}$ will have the required structure of the adjacency array of the graph. The values in the resulting adjacency array are determined by the corresponding addition $\oplus$ and multiplication $\otimes$ operations used to perform the array multiplication. Illustrations of the various results possible from different $\oplus$ and $\otimes$ operations are provided using a small collection of popular music metadata.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted to IEEE IPDPS 2017 Workshop on Graph Algorithm Building Blocks
The VLTI/MIDI view on the inner mass loss of evolved stars from the Herschel MESS sample
Creators: name: Paladini, C.
name: Klotz, D.
name: Sacuto, S.
name: Lagadec, E.
name: Wittkowski, M.
name: Richichi, A.
name: Hron, J.
name: Jorissen, A.
name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
name: Kerschbaum, F.
name: Verhoelst, T.
name: Rau, G.
name: Olofsson, H.
name: Zhao-Geisler, R.
name: Matter, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass-loss process from evolved stars is a key ingredient for our understanding of many fields of astrophysics, including stellar evolution and the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium via stellar yields. One the main unsolved questions is the geometry of the mass-loss process. Taking advantage of the results from the Herschel Mass loss of Evolved StarS (MESS) programme, we initiated a coordinated effort to characterise the geometry of mass loss from evolved red giants at various spatial scales. For this purpose we used the MID-infrared interferometric Instrument (MIDI) to resolve the inner envelope of 14 asymptotic giant branch stars (AGBs) in the MESS sample. In this contribution we present an overview of the interferometric data collected within the frame of our Large Programme, and we also add archive data for completeness. We studied the geometry of the inner atmosphere by comparing the observations with predictions from different geometric models. Asymmetries are detected for five O-rich and S-type, suggesting that asymmetries in the N band are more common among stars with such chemistry. We speculate that this fact is related to the characteristics of the dust grains. Except for one star, no interferometric variability is detected, i.e. the changes in size of the shells of non-mira stars correspond to changes of the visibility of less than 10%. The observed spectral variability confirms previous findings from the literature. The detection of dust in our sample follows the location of the AGBs in the IRAS colour-colour diagram: more dust is detected around oxygen-rich stars in region II and in the carbon stars in region VII. The SiC dust feature does not appear in the visibility spectrum of UAnt and SSct, which are two carbon stars with detached shells. This finding has implications for the theory of SiC dust formation.
description: 43 pages, 31 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Abstract shortened for compilation reasons. Metadata corrected
Responses of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. to dolomite and calcite fertilization in an upland field converted from a paddy field
Creators: name: Takamoto, Akira
name: Takahashi, Tomoki
name: Togami, Kazuki
name: Hishinuma, Ai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] is used widely for soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. production in Japan to amend soil pH, although magnesium (Mg) in the dolomite can inhibit soybean growth and yield. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Mg on soybean production in a paddy – upland rotation field in 2019–2020 by comparing the application of dolomite and calcite (CaCO3). The field test included three replications with three lime applications: control (no lime), dolomite, and calcite. The amounts of calcite and dolomite applied in each year were 253 and 259 g m−2, respectively. The soil pH was almost similar following the applications of calcite and dolomite, whereas the soil exchangeable Mg content was higher following the dolomite application than following the other applications. The shoot weight from the flowering stage to the harvest stage (R8) was significantly higher following the calcite application than following the other applications. However, the shoot weight at only R8 was significantly higher following the dolomite application than following the control application. In 2019–2020, the highest soybean yield was resulted from the calcite application (355 g m−2) followed by the dolomite application (312 g m−2) and the control application (260 g m−2). The severity of soil-borne diseases was lower following the dolomite application than following the control application, and even lower following the calcite application. Thus, the application of dolomite increased soybean yield by improving soil pH; however, Mg in the dolomite inhibited a further increase in soybean yield in a paddy – upland rotation field.
Expansion of the Totalization Program using Simplified Agreements to Eliminate Dual Taxation
Creators: name: Prados, Maria J.
name: Dongwook, Kim
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Totalization agreements, foreign direct investment, exports
subject: Population and Demography
subject: Social Sciences

description: The United States has signed 30 bilateral social security agreements. Some of its partner countries, such as the U.K. or Germany, have signed international agreements to eliminate double taxation for nationals working temporarily abroad with more than 50 other countries. This project analyzes the potential macroeconomic impact of expanding the countries with international social security treaties by enacting new social security totalization agreements that are simpler than the standard totalization agreements enacted so far. The focus of this project is to simulate the effect on international flows of capital of eliminating double social security taxation through enacting limited treaties with additional countries beyond the current U.S. partners. For this, we extend a theoretical model of foreign direct investment to incorporate social security international agreements with several countries. We model limited totalization agreements that only eliminate double taxation. We use the model to forecast the effects of new, more flexible totalization agreements.
The Green function variational approximation: Significance of physical constraints
Creators: name: Bieniasz, Krzysztof
name: Berciu, Mona
name: Oleś, Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the spectral properties of a single charge doped at a Cu($3d$) site of the Cu-F plane in KCuF$_{3}$. The problem is treated by generating the equations of motion for the Green's function by means of subsequent Dyson expansions and solving the resulting set of equations. This method, dubbed the variational approximation, is both very dependable and flexible, since it is a systematic expansion with precise control over elementary physical processes. It allows for deep insight into the underlying physics of polaron formation as well as for inclusion of many physical constraints, such as excluding crossing diagrams and double occupation constraint, which are not included in the Self-Consistent Born Approximation. Here we examine the role and importance of such constraints by analyzing various spectral functions obtained in second order VA.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Time-domain Brillouin scattering assisted by diffraction gratings
Creators: name: Matsuda, Osamu
name: Pezeril, Thomas
name: Chaban, Ievgeniia
name: Fujita, Kentaro
name: Gusev, Vitalyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Absorption of ultrashort laser pulses in a metallic grating deposited on a transparent sample launches coherent compression/dilatation acoustic pulses in directions of different orders of acoustic diffraction. Their propagation is detected by the delayed laser pulses, which are also diffracted by the metallic grating, through the measurement of the transient intensity change of the first order diffracted light. The obtained data contain multiple frequency components which are interpreted by considering all possible angles for the Brillouin scattering of light achieved through the multiplexing of the propagation directions of light and coherent sound by the metallic grating. The emitted acoustic field can be equivalently presented as a superposition of the plane inhomogeneous acoustic waves, which constitute an acoustic diffraction grating for the probe light. Thus, the obtained results can also be interpreted as a consequence of probe light diffraction by both metallic and acoustic gratings. The realized scheme of time-domain Brillouin scattering with metallic grating operating in reflection mode provides access to acoustic frequencies from the minimal to the maximal possible in a single experimental configuration for the directions of probe light incidence and scattered light detection. This is achieved by monitoring of the backward and forward Brillouin scattering processes in parallel. Applications include measurements of the acoustic dispersion, simultaneous determination of sound velocity and optical refractive index, and evaluation of the samples with a single direction of possible optical access.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Three-component soliton states in spinor $F=1$ Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Bersano, T. M.
name: Gokhroo, V.
name: Khamehchi, M. A.
name: D'Ambroise, J.
name: Frantzeskakis, D. J.
name: Engels, P.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensates are an exceptionally versatile testbed for the investigation of novel solitonic structures. While matter-wave solitons in one- and two-component systems have been the focus of intense research efforts, an extension to three components has never been attempted in experiments, to the best of our knowledge. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of robust dark-bright-bright (DBB) and dark-dark-bright (DDB) solitons in a spinor $F=1$ condensate. We observe lifetimes on the order of hundreds of milliseconds for these structures. Our theoretical analysis, based on a multiscale expansion method, shows that small-amplitude solitons of these types obey universal long-short wave resonant interaction models, namely Yajima-Oikawa systems. Our experimental and analytical findings are corroborated by direct numerical simulations highlighting the persistence of, e.g., the DBB states, as well as their robust oscillations in the trap.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Absolute dimensions of the eccentric eclipsing binary V541 Cygni
Creators: name: Torres, G.
name: McGruder, C. D.
name: Siverd, R. J.
name: Rodriguez, J. E.
name: Pepper, J.
name: Stevens, D. J.
name: Stassun, K. G.
name: Lund, M. B.
name: James, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new spectroscopic and photometric observations of the main-sequence, detached, eccentric, double-lined eclipsing binary V541 Cyg (P = 15.34 days, e = 0.468). Using these observations together with existing measurements we determine the component masses and radii to better than 1% precision: M1 = 2.335 +0.017/-0.013 MSun, M2 = 2.260 +0.016/-0.013 MSun, R1 = 1.859 +0.012/-0.009 RSun, and R2 = 1.808 +0.015/-0.013 RSun. The nearly identical B9.5 stars have estimated temperatures of 10650 +/- 200 K and 10350 +/- 200 K. A comparison of these properties with current stellar evolution models shows excellent agreement at an age of about 190 Myr and [Fe/H] approximately -0.18. Both components are found to be rotating at the pseudo-synchronous rate. The system displays a slow periastron advance that is dominated by General Relativity (GR), and has previously been claimed to be slower than predicted by theory. Our new measurement, dw/dt = 0.859 +0.042/-0.017 deg/century, has an 88% contribution from GR and agrees with the expected rate within the uncertainties. We also clarify the use of the gravity darkening coefficients in the light-curve fitting program EBOP, a version of which we use here.
description: 11 pages in emulateapj format, including figures and tables. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Further clarification added about the use of gravity darkening in EBOP
Green's function variational approach to orbital polarons in KCuF3
Creators: name: Bieniasz, Krzysztof
name: Berciu, Mona
name: Daghofer, Maria
name: Oleś, Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an $e_g$ orbital, $t$-$J$-like model of a single charge doped into a two-dimensional plane with ferromagnetic spin order and alternating orbital order, and present its solution by Green's functions in the variational approximation framework. The model is designed to represent the orbital physics within ferromagnetic $(a,b)$ planes of KCuF$_3$ and K$_2$CuF$_4$. The variational approximation (VA) relies on the systematic generation of equations of motion for the Green's function, taking into account the real-space constraints coming from the exclusion of doubly occupied sites. This method is compared to the firmly established self-consistent Born approximation, and to the variational cluster approximation (VCA) which relies on the itinerant regime of the model. We find that the present variational approximation captures the essential aspects of the spectral weight distribution of the coherent quasiparticle state and gives a result similar to the VCA, while also reproducing well the momentum dependence of the spectral moments. In contrast, the spectral function obtained within the self-consistent Born approximation is more incoherent and its quasiparticle is heavier, at strong effective couplings, than observed with VCA and VA.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Dipolar Dark Matter as an Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dipolar Dark Matter (DDM) is an alternative model motivated by the challenges faced by the standard cold dark matter model to describe the right phenomenology at galactic scales. A promising realisation of DDM was recently proposed in the context of massive bigravity theory. The model contains dark matter particles, as well as a vector field coupled to the effective composite metric of bigravity. This model is completely safe in the gravitational sector thanks to the underlying properties of massive bigravity. In this work we investigate the exact decoupling limit of the theory, including the contribution of the matter sector, and prove that it is free of ghosts in this limit. We conclude that the theory is acceptable as an Effective Field Theory below the strong coupling scale.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Mølmer-Sørensen entangling gate for cavity QED systems
Creators: name: Takahashi, Hiroki
name: Serrano, Pedro Nevado
name: Keller, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mølmer-Sørensen gate is a state-of-the-art entangling gate in the ion trap quantum computing where the gate fidelity can exceed 99\%. Here we propose an analogous implementation in the setting of cavity QED. The cavity photon mode acts as the bosonic degree of freedom in the gate in contrast of that played by a phonon mode in ion traps. This is made possible by utilising cavity assisted Raman transitions interconnecting the logical qubit states embedded in a four-level energy structure, making the "anti-Jaynes-Cummings" (AJC) term available under the rotating-wave approximation. We identify practical sources of infidelity and discuss their effects on the gate performance. Our proposal not only demonstrates an alternative entangling gate scheme but also sheds new light on the relationship between ion traps and cavity QED, in the sense that many techniques developed in the former are transferable to the latter through our framework.
description: 12 pages
Photon-jet correlations in Deep-Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Aurenche, P.
name: Fontannaz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reaction e + p ---> photon + jet + X is studied in QCD at the next-to-leading order. Previous studies on inclusive distributions showed a good agreement with ZEUS data. To obtain a finer understanding of the dynamics of the reaction, several correlation functions are evaluated for ZEUS kinematics.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
A new model for fluid velocity slip on a solid surface
Creators: name: Shu, Jian-Jun
name: Teo, Ji Bin Melvin
name: Chan, Weng Kong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general adsorption model is developed to describe the interactions between near-wall fluid molecules and solid surface. This model serves as a framework for the theoretical modelling of the boundary slip phenomena. Based on this adsorption model, a new general model for the slip velocity of fluids on solid surfaces is introduced. The slip boundary condition at a fluid-solid interface has hitherto been considered separately for gases and liquids. In this paper, we show that the slip velocity in both gases and liquids may originate from dynamical adsorption processes at the interface. A unified analytical model that is valid for both gas-solid and liquid-solid slip boundary conditions is proposed based on surface science theory. The corroboration with experimental data extracted from the literature shows that the proposed model provides an improved prediction compared to existing analytical models for gases at higher shear rates and close agreement for liquid-solid interfaces in general.
Where telescopes cannot (yet) see - the Moon as seen by Scriven Bolton, Etienne Trouvelot, Lucien Rudaux, Chesley Bonestell
Creators: name: Adamo, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scientific illustrations, thanks to the vision of great artists fascinated by astronomical research and astronautics, have provided us with an accurate depiction of the possible views which mankind will one day observed from locations other than our planet. In this talk I will pay homage to some of these geniuses who serve science, and underline the scientific, artistic, political, and social implications deriving from a wise use of space-art.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, published in the proceedings of SEAC 2015 Conference (Rome)
Consensus report on 25 years of searches for damped Ly$α$ galaxies in emission: Confirming their metallicity-luminosity relation at $z \gtrsim 2$
Creators: name: Krogager, Jens-Kristian
name: Møller, Palle
name: Fynbo, Johan P. U.
name: Noterdaeme, Pasquier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a summary of detection statistics of our recent X-shooter campaign, we review the major surveys, both space and ground based, for emission counterparts of high-redshift damped Ly$α$ absorbers (DLAs) carried out since the first detection 25 years ago. We show that the detection rates of all surveys are precisely reproduced by a simple model in which the metallicity and luminosity of the galaxy associated to the DLA follow a relation of the form, ${\rm M_{UV}} = -5 \times \left(\,[{\rm M/H}] + 0.3\, \right) - 20.8$, and the DLA cross-section follows a relation of the form $σ_{DLA} \propto L^{0.8}$. Specifically, our spectroscopic campaign consists of 11 DLAs preselected based on their equivalent width of SiII $\lambda1526$ to have a metallicity higher than [Si/H] > -1. The targets have been observed with the X-shooter spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope to search for emission lines around the quasars. We observe a high detection rate of 64% (7/11), significantly higher than the typical $\sim$10% for random, HI-selected DLA samples. We use the aforementioned model, to simulate the results of our survey together with a range of previous surveys: spectral stacking, direct imaging (using the `double DLA' technique), long-slit spectroscopy, and integral field spectroscopy. Based on our model results, we are able to reconcile all results. Some tension is observed between model and data when looking at predictions of Ly$α$ emission for individual targets. However, the object to object variations are most likely a result of the significant scatter in the underlying scaling relations as well as uncertainties in the amount of dust which affects the emission.
description: 25 pages (7 of which in appendix), accepted for publication in MNRAS
A new model for temperature jump at a fluid-solid interface
Creators: name: Shu, Jian-Jun
name: Teo, Ji Bin Melvin
name: Chan, Weng Kong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem presented involves the development of a new analytical model for the general fluid-solid temperature jump. To the best of our knowledge, there are no analytical models that provide the accurate predictions of the temperature jump for both gas and liquid systems. In this paper, a unified model for the fluid-solid temperature jump has been developed based on our adsorption model of the interfacial interactions. Results obtained from this model are validated with available results from the literature.
An Algebraic Treatment of Recursion
Creators: name: van Glabbeek, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: I review the three principal methods to assign meaning to recursion in process algebra: the denotational, the operational and the algebraic approach, and I extend the latter to unguarded recursion.
description: Dedicated to Jan Bergstra, at the occasion of his 65th birthday and retirement
Barjols, atelier Fabre, fabrication du galoubet, sciage de la baguette pour former la languette complétant le bec de l'instrument
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Spin-orbital order in undoped manganite LaMnO3 at finite temperature
Creators: name: Snamina, Mateusz
name: Oleś, Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of spin and orbital order in undoped LaMnO$_3$ under increasing temperature with a model including both superexchange and Jahn-Teller interactions. We used several cluster mean field calculation schemes and find coexisting $A$-type antiferromagnetic ($A$-AF) and $C$-type alternating orbital order at low temperature. The value of the Jahn-Teller coupling between strongly correlated $e_g$ orbitals is estimated from the orbital transition temperature at $T_{\rm OO}\simeq 780$ K. By a careful analysis of on-site and on-bond correlations we demonstrate that spin-orbital entanglement is rather weak. We have verified that the magnetic transition temperature is influenced by entangled spin-orbital operators as well as by entangled orbital operators on the bonds but the errors introduced by decoupling such operators partly compensate each other. Altogether, these results justify why the commonly used disentangled spin-orbital model is so successful in describing the magnetic properties and the temperature dependence of the optical spectral weights for LaMnO$_3$.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Topological dimension tunes activity patterns in hierarchical modular network models
Creators: name: Safari, Ali
name: Moretti, Paolo
name: Muñoz, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Connectivity patterns of relevance in neuroscience and systems biology can be encoded in hierarchical modular networks (HMNs). Moreover, recent studies highlight the role of hierarchical modular organization in shaping brain activity patterns, providing an excellent substrate to promote both the segregation and integration of neural information. Here we propose an extensive numerical analysis of the critical spreading rate (or "epidemic" threshold) --separating a phase with endemic persistent activity from one in which activity ceases-- on diverse HMNs. By employing analytical and computational techniques we determine the nature of such a threshold and scrutinize how it depends on general structural features of the underlying HMN. We critically discuss the extent to which current graph-spectral methods can be applied to predict the onset of spreading in HMNs, and we propose the network topological dimension as a relevant and unifying structural parameter, controlling the epidemic threshold.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures