cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Differentiation of cell types from non-neurogenic placodes
Creators: name: Schlosser, Gerhard
Publisher: name: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: non-neurogenic placodes

description: Chapter 8 reviews how cell types derived from the non-neurogenic placodea, i.e. the lens and adenohypophyseal placodes, differentiate. The lens placode gives rise to lens fiber cells, which are rendered transparent by the accumulation of crystallin proteins. They are specified by a core regulatory network (CoRN) of Pax6, FoxE3, SoxB1 together with proteins of the large Maf family. Because some large Mafs also are essential for the specification of retinal photoreceptors and crystallins are also expressed in photoreceptors (where they have a neuroprotective effect), it is proposed that lens fiber cells may have evolved from ciliary photoreceptors. The adenohypophyseal placode generates the neurosecretory cells of the anterior pituitary. These produce hormones belonging to three different families (peptide hormones, dimeric glycoprotein hormones and four-helix cytokine-like proteins). While Pitx1/2 and Lhx3/4 are important members of the CoRN regulating the specification of all types of neurosecretory cells in the anterior pituitary, additional transcription factors are required in defining the different subtypes of neurosecretory cells. Comparative studies suggest that three subtypes of neurosecretory cells were probably present at the base of vertebrates, each dedicated to the production of one hormone class. Subsequently, subtypes diversified further into the six neurosecretory cell types found in gnathostomes.
Cross-sectional imaging of sharp Si interlayers embedded in gallium arsenide
Creators: name: Duan, Xiangmei
name: Baroni, Stefano
name: Modesti, Silvio
name: Peressi, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic properties of the (110) cross-sectional surface of Si-doped GaAs using first-principles techniques. We focus on doping configurations with an equal concentration of Si impurities in cationic and anionic sites, such as occurring in a self-compensating doping regime. In particular we study a bilayer of Si atoms uniformly distributed over two consecutive (001) atomic layers. The simulated cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy images show a bright signal at negative bias, which is strongly attenuated when the bias is reversed. This scenario is consistent with experimental results which had been attributed to hitherto unidentified Si complexes.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Multi-beam Energy Moments of Multibeam Particle Velocity Distributions
Creators: name: Goldman, M. V.
name: Newman, D. L.
name: Eastwood, J. P.
name: Lapenta, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution electron and ion velocity distributions, f(v), which consist of N effectively disjoint beams, have been measured by NASA's Magnetospheric Multi-Scale Mission (MMS) observatories and in reconnection simulations. Commonly used standard velocity moments generally assume a single mean-flow-velocity for the entire distribution, which can lead to counterintuitive results for a multibeam f(v). An example is the (false) standard thermal energy moment of a pair of equal and opposite cold particle beams, which is nonzero even though each beam has zero thermal energy. By contrast, a multibeam moment of two or more beams has no false thermal energy. A multibeam moment is obtained by taking a standard moment of each beam and then summing over beams. In this paper we will generalize these notions, explore their consequences and apply them to an f(v) which is sum of tri-Maxwellians. Both standard and multibeam energy moments have coherent and incoherent forms. Examples of incoherent moments are the thermal energy density, the pressure and the thermal energy flux (enthalpy flux plus heat flux). Corresponding coherent moments are the bulk kinetic energy density, the RAM pressure and the bulk kinetic energy flux. The false part of an incoherent moment is defined as the difference between the standard incoherent moment and the corresponding multibeam moment. The sum of a pair of corresponding coherent and incoherent moments will be called the undecomposed moment. Undecomposed moments are independent of whether the sum is standard or multibeam and therefore have advantages when studying moments of measured f(v).
description: 27 single-spaced pages. Three Figures
Status of Impoverished Population and Contradiction of Economic Development in Qinling-Bashan Mountainous Area -A Case Study of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province
Creators: name: Ma, Zheng-Jie
name: Ma, Zheng-Jie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Poor mountainous area
subject: Status of population
subject: Economic backward
subject: Policy guidance
subject: China

description: The status of impoverished population and economic development in Qinling-Bashan Mountainous area, Shaanxi is introduced based on the brief account of its general situation. Firstly, there are a large proportion of rural people and great outflow of population; a considerable proportion of the weak, the disabled, the sick and the dementia and low population quality; weak capacity of the economy to generate profit on its own and declining trend of financial self-sufficiency rate. taking into account that Qinling-Bashan Mountainous area is poorest area with the largest impoverished population and the most complex structure of poverty, the impact of the status of the poor population in Qinling-Bashan Mountainous area on its economy is discussed: the first one is backward ecological concept and serious damage to ecological environment; outflow of excellent talents and a serious shortage of labor; the industrial structure is irrational and the resources advantage can not be transformed into economic advantage. Some corresponding measures and suggestions are proposed: the first one to build new small town so as to lessen the loss of population; the second one is to provide preferential policies so as to attract and retain qualified person; the third one to develop education and establish the concept of ecological civilization; the fourth one is to unblock the channels of information transmission and restructure the industry.
IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCES OF TRANSACTION COSTS – A FUZZY APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION OF ANALYTICAL CATEGORIES
Creators: name: Reys, Marcos Alves Dos
name: Arbage, Alessandro Porporatti
name: Oliveira, Sibele Vasconcelos De
name: Reys, Marcos Alves Dos
name: Arbage, Alessandro Porporatti
name: Oliveira, Sibele Vasconcelos De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: transactions costs
subject: analytical categories
subject: fuzzy theory

description: This work intends to assess the evaluation of analytical categories related to the identification of transaction costs. Assuming an analytical model for the identification of the transaction costs proposed by Arbage (2004) in which categories are discussed in terms of which analyses to be made and how to evaluate them. Amongst these categories, ‘opportunism’ is assessed in terms of patterns of behavior and measured in terms of confidence. The work supports the use of the fuzzy theory for measuring this category in particular. Through the fuzzy theory, there is the possibility of modeling and manipulate vague and inexact information mathematically, natural of the human language and, therefore, also the information supplied for the specialists when characterizing the considered processes.
Bio-inspired natural sunlight-pumped lasers
Creators: name: Mattiotti, Francesco
name: Brown, William M.
name: Piovella, Nicola
name: Olivares, Stefano
name: Gauger, Erik M.
name: Celardo, G. Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even though sunlight is by far the most abundant renewable energy source available to humanity, its dilute and variable nature has kept efficient ways to collect, store, and distribute this energy tantalisingly out of reach. Turning the incoherent energy supply provided by the Sun into a coherent laser beam would overcome several of the practical limitations inherent in using sunlight as a source of clean energy: laser beams travel nearly losslessly over large distances, and they are effective at driving chemical reactions which convert sunlight into chemical energy. Here we propose a bio-inspired blueprint for a novel type of laser with the aim of upgrading unconcentrated natural sunlight into a coherent laser beam. Our proposed design constitutes a novel and different path towards sunlight-pumped lasers. In order to achieve lasing with the extremely dilute power provided by natural sunlight, we here propose a laser medium comprised of molecular aggregates inspired by the architecture of natural photosynthetic complexes. Such complexes exhibit a very large internal efficiency in harvesting photons from a power source as dilute as natural sunlight. Specifically, we consider a hybrid structure, where photosynthetic complexes in purple bacteria (Rhodobacter sphaeroides) surround a suitably engineered molecular dimer composed of two strongly coupled chromophores. We show that if pumped by the surrounding photosynthetic complex, which efficiently collects and concentrates solar energy, the core dimer structure can reach population inversion, and reach the lasing threshold under natural sunlight. The design principles proposed here will also pave the way for developing other bio-inspired quantum devices.
description: Main text: 24 pages, 6 figures. Supplementary Material: 25 pages, 9 figures
Physiology of small contractile arteries : Ca²⁺-sensitization in myogenic tone and glucose transport in endothelial cells
Creators: name: Gaudreault, Nathalie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Recent evidence suggests the involvement of Ca²⁺ sensitization in the development of myogenic tone, possibly mediated by PKC and Rho-kinase. To investigate this, rat cerebral arteries were mounted on a pressure myograph, and pressure-induced constrictions and changes in intracellular [Ca²⁺][sub i] were recorded. The ratio of the change in diameter to change in [Ca²⁺][sub i] was greater for pressureinduced constriction compared with constriction produced by depolarization with 60 mM KPSS. Pressure-induced constriction in depolarised arteries was not associated with further increases in [Ca²⁺][sub i] but was abolished by selective inhibitors of PKC, and Rho kinase. These data suggest that in addition to increases in [Ca²⁺][sub i], enhanced myofilament Ca²⁺ sensitivity, mediated by PKC and Rho kinase activation, occurs during myogenic tone development. Although it is well established that elevated intracellular glucose concentration leads to endothelial dysfunction, how and why glucose tends to accumulate in ECs remains poorly understood. The effects of hyperglycaemia on the expression and subcellular distribution of GLUT-1 to 5 and SGLT-1 in ECs of rat microvasculature were examined. We found, through immuohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy that all transporters except SGLT-1 were expressed preferentially at the cell-to-cell junction and on the abluminal side of these cells. Hyperglycaemia, significantly downregulated GLUT-1, 3, 4 and 5 and dramatically upregulated GLUT-2; leaving SGLT-1 unchanged. To determine the functionality of these glucose transporters in ECs, glucose uptake was monitored with a fluorescent glucose analog in live coronary arteries. The arteries were mounted in an arteriograph chamber on the stage of a confocal microscope. Results show a dense accumulation of glucose at the ECs periphery, as predicted by the subcellular distribution of the transporters. In addition, an increase in glucose uptake was observed in the presence of insulin. We conclude that the high susceptibility to glucose toxicity of ECs may be the result of the subcellular organization of their GLUTs, and the increased expression of GLUT-2. The asymmetric subcellular organisation of GLUTs may facilitate transcellular glucose exchange between the blood and the cells of the vascular wall. Finally, it was demonstrated that the endothelium of coronary arteries is insulin sensitive.
Additional file 4 of Quality of life up to 10 years after traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional analysis
Creators: name: Rauen, Katrin
name: Reichelt, Lara
name: Probst, Philipp
name: Schäpers, Barbara
name: Müller, Friedemann
name: Jahn, Klaus
name: Plesnila, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Multivariate regression model to analyze the effect of TBI severity on QOLIBRI total score (model 1). A multivariate regression model (model 1) was established to assess potential contributors to the QOLIBRI total score. HRQoL was modeled as a dependent variable and as a function of the potential contributing factors (i.e., independent variables) listed. The model shows that increasing the GCS by 1-point results in a 1.59-point increase in the QOLIBRI total score. The effect size of model 1 was R2 = 0.09, with an adjusted R2 = 0.02, indicating a weak correlation. Table S2. Multivariate regression model to analyze the effect of TBI severity on subcategories of the QOLIBRI (model 2). The effect of TBI severity (measured using the initial Glasgow Coma Scale score) on HRQoL was calculated for all subscales of the QOLIBRI score (i.e., satisfaction, restrictions, and the six subscales used to determine satisfaction and restrictions). For each component, a model was calculated with each component as a dependent variable and the independent variable of TBI severity. The p-value was then extracted for each model, and the effect size of each component is provided as an adjusted R2. Table S3. Health-related quality of life following TBI: current results in comparison to the QOLIBRI validation study. Comparison between the results obtained in our study (n = 135 patients) and the validations cohort by von Steinbuechel et al. (n = 795 patients) showing similar results [38].
Detection of Gamma-rays around 1TeV from RX J0852.0-4622 by CANGAROO-II
Creators: name: Katagiri, H.
name: Enomoto, R.
name: Ksenofontov, L. T.
name: Mori, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have detected gamma-ray emission at the 6sigma level at energies greater than 500GeV from the supernova remnant RX J0852.0-4622 (G266.2-1.2) using the CANGAROO-II Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT). The flux was 0.12 times of that of Crab at 1TeV. The signal centroid is consistent with the peak of the X-ray emission in the north-west rim of the remnant.
description: 12pages, 4figures, to be published in ApJL
Potentials and limits to generate employment and income by the National Programme for Production and Use of Biodiesel
Creators: name: Ferreira, Vicente Da Rocha Soares
name: Passador, Claudia Souza
name: Ferreira, Vicente Da Rocha Soares
name: Passador, Claudia Souza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: biofuels
subject: biodiesel
subject: family farm
subject: public policy

description: This study analyses the National Programme for Production and Use of Biodiesel launched by the Brazil Federal Government in 2005 as a public policy to generate sustainable employment and income within the context of development of new alternative sources of energy. It also verifies the impact of PNPB on occupation and income rate of farmers participating in the projects of production of biodiesel through field research carried out on 93 family farms participating in projects already implemented in the State of Goiás. The choice of producers was made at random from a list of all producers who had already gone through a complete cycle of production and stretched across 33 municipalities in the second half of 2007. The survey data was obtained through a closed-ended questionnaire which was designed to ascertain: 1) the increase of occupation and income regarding producers participating in the projects, 2) ways of including these farmers into the programme, 3) technical assistance offered to them (according to the guidelines of the programme) and 4) the evaluation of the programme by participating farmers. The SPSS software was used for processing and data analysis. The results show that most of the objectives of the programme, such as generation of occupation and income by family farming, are being achieved.
An efficient single-step scheme for manipulating quantum information of two trapped ions beyond the Lamb-Dicke limit
Creators: name: Wei, L. F.
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the exact conditional quantum dynamics for a two-ion system, we propose an efficient {\it single-step} scheme for coherently manipulating quantum information of two trapped cold ions by using a pair of synchronous laser pulses. Neither the auxiliary atomic level nor the Lamb-Dicke approximation are needed.
description: 7 pages with 1 figure
Additional file 4 of Divergent domains of 28S ribosomal RNA gene: DNA barcodes for molecular classification and identification of mites
Creators: name: Zhao, Yae
name: Wan-Yu Zhang
name: Wang, Rui-Ling
name: Niu, Dong-Ling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Information for 28S rDNA sequences involved in designing universal primers across Acari.
Variational optimization of continuous matrix product states
Creators: name: Tuybens, Benoît
name: De Nardis, Jacopo
name: Haegeman, Jutho
name: Verstraete, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Just as matrix product states represent ground states of one-dimensional quantum spin systems faithfully, continuous matrix product states (cMPS) provide faithful representations of the vacuum of interacting field theories in one spatial dimension. Unlike the quantum spin case however, for which the density matrix renormalization group and related matrix product state algorithms provide robust algorithms for optimizing the variational states, the optimization of cMPS for systems with inhomogeneous external potentials has been problematic. We resolve this problem by constructing a piecewise linear parameterization of the underlying matrix-valued functions, which enables the calculation of the exact reduced density matrices everywhere in the system by high-order Taylor expansions. This turns the variational cMPS problem into a variational algorithm from which both the energy and its backwards derivative can be calculated exactly and at a cost that scales as the cube of the bond dimension. We illustrate this by finding ground states of interacting bosons in external potentials, and by calculating boundary or Casimir energy corrections of continuous many-body systems with open boundary conditions.
Detecting magnetic field inside stars with asteroseismology
Creators: name: Ballot, Jérôme
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Magnetic fields affect stars at all evolutionary stages and are expected to play a key role in the redistribution of angular momentum and the transport of chemical elements inside stars, with a direct impact on their evolution and their age. Seismic signatures of magnetic fields inside stars have been predicted for decades but have been observed in a few dozen of red giant stars only recently. During this talk, I will present these observations and the theoretical formalism we developed to interpret them. I will also discuss gamma Doradus stars and present seismic signatures that buried magnetic fields could produce in these stars.
THE DYNAMIC HEDGING EFFECTIVENESS FOR SOYBEAN FARMERS OF MATO GROSSO WITH FUTURES CONTRACTS OF BM&F
Creators: name: Rocha, Waldemar Antonio Da
name: Caldarelli, Carlos Eduardo
name: Rocha, Waldemar Antonio Da
name: Caldarelli, Carlos Eduardo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: dynamic hedge
subject: minimum variance
subject: soybeans
subject: Mato Grosso

description: Dynamic hedging effectiveness for soybean farmers in Rondonópolis (MT) with futures contracts of BM&F is calculated through optimal hedge determination, using the bivariate GARCH BEKK model, which considers the conditional correlations of the prices series, comparing the results with the minimum variance model effectiveness, calculated by OLS, the unhedged and the naïve hedge positions. The financial effectiveness of the dynamic hedge model is superior and can be used by farmers for several decision making purposes such as price discovery, hedging calibration, cash flow projections, market timing, among others.
Unsupervised Learning Facial Parameter Regressor for Action Unit Intensity Estimation via Differentiable Renderer
Creators: name: Song, Xinhui
name: Shi, Tianyang
name: Feng, Zunlei
name: Song, Mingli
name: Lin, Jackie
name: Lin, Chuanjie
name: Fan, Changjie
name: Yuan, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Facial action unit (AU) intensity is an index to describe all visually discernible facial movements. Most existing methods learn intensity estimator with limited AU data, while they lack generalization ability out of the dataset. In this paper, we present a framework to predict the facial parameters (including identity parameters and AU parameters) based on a bone-driven face model (BDFM) under different views. The proposed framework consists of a feature extractor, a generator, and a facial parameter regressor. The regressor can fit the physical meaning parameters of the BDFM from a single face image with the help of the generator, which maps the facial parameters to the game-face images as a differentiable renderer. Besides, identity loss, loopback loss, and adversarial loss can improve the regressive results. Quantitative evaluations are performed on two public databases BP4D and DISFA, which demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art methods. What's more, the qualitative results also demonstrate the validity of our method in the wild.
Expansion in Feynman Graphs as Simplicial String Theory
Creators: name: Akhmedov, Emil T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the series expansion of quantum field theory in the Feynman diagrams can be explicitly mapped on the partition function of the simplicial string theory -- the theory describing embeddings of the two--dimensional simplicial complexes into the space--time of the field theory. The summation over two--dimensional geometries in this theory is obtained from the summation over the Feynman diagrams and the integration over the Schwinger parameters of the propagators. We discuss the meaning of the obtained relation and derive the one--dimensional analog of the simplicial theory on the example of the free relativistic particle.
description: Latex, 11pp, Minor mintakes are corrected
On Mechanics and Thermodynamics of a stellar galaxy in a two-component virial system and the Fundamental Plane
Creators: name: Secco, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper confirms the existence of a special configuration (among the infinite number of virial states) which a B stellar(Baryonic) component may assume inside a given D dark halo potential well.This satisfies the d'Alembert Principle of virtual works and its typical dimension works as a scale length (tidal radius)induced on the gravitational field of the bright component by the dark one.Its dynamic and thermodynamic properties are here analyzed in connection with the physical reason for the existence of the Fundamental Plane (FP) for ellipticals.The analysis is performed by using 2-component models with two power-law density profiles and two homogeneous cores and compared with some observable scaling relations for pressure supported ellipticals.The virial equilibrium stages of the 2-component system have to occur after a previous violent relaxation phase. If the stellar B component is allowed to cool slowly its virial evolution consists of a sequence of contractions with enough time to rearrange the virial equilibrium after any step. The thermodynamic process during the dynamical evolution is so divided into a sequence of transformations which are irreversible but occur between two quasi-equilibrium stages.The analysis allows the conclusion that the induced scale length is a real confinement for the stellar system. The presence of this specific border on the space of the baryonic luminous component has to be regarded as the physical reason why a stellar galaxy belongs to the FP and why astrophysical objects, with a completely different history and formation, but characterized by a tidal radius (as the globular clusters are) lie on the same FP. An other problem addressed is how this special configuration may be reached and why an elliptical is not completely relaxed in respect to its dark halo.
description: 42 pages, 7 figures, in press in New Astronomy 2005
Muiltiscale modeling of electrical conductivity of R-BAPB polyimide + carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Creators: name: Larin, S. V.
name: Lyulin, S. V.
name: Likhomanova, P. A.
name: Khromov, K. Yu.
name: Knizhnik, A. A.
name: Potapkin, B. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrical conductivity of the polyimide R-BAPB polymer filled with single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) with chirality (5,5) is modeled using a multi-scale approach. The modeling starts with molecular dynamics simulations of time-dependent fluctuating atomic configurations of polymer filled CNTs junctions. Then the atomic positions obtained in the first step are used to perform fully first-principles microscopic calculations of the CNTs junctions contact resistances using the Green's function based quantum transport technique. And finally, those contact resistances are supplied as an input to a statistical calculation of a CNTs ensemble conductivity using a Monte Carlo percolation model. The results of the first-principles calculations show a very strong dependence of the polymer filled CNTs junctions contact resistance on the geometry of CNTs junctions, including an angle $φ$ between nanotubes axes and the positions of polymer atoms around CNTs. Incorporating into the percolation model this strong dependence as well as CNTs agglomeration, pushed the calculated values of electrical conductivity just above the percolation threshold below 0.01 S/m, which is within the experimental range for composites with various base polymers. Possible mechanisms for further reduction of composites conductivity are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
New Particles from Belle
Creators: name: Olsen, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I report recent results on hidden charm spectroscopy from Belle. These include: observation of a near-threshold enhancement in the omega-J/psi invariant mass distribution for exclusive B-->K omega J/psi decays; evidence for the decay X(3872)-->pi+pi-pi0 J/psi, where the pi+pi-pi0 invariant mass distribution has a strong peak between 750 MeV and the kinematic limit of 775 MeV, suggesting that the process is dominated by the sub-threshold decay X-->omega J/psi; and the observation of a peak near 3940 MeV in the J/psi recoil mass spectrum for the inclusive continuum process e+e- --> J/psi X. The results are based on a study of a 287 fb-1 sample of e+e- annihilation data collected at center- of-mass energies around the Upsilon(4S) in the Belle detector at the KEKB collider.
description: 10 pages 12 figures. Invited talk at the 1st meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadronic Physics, Fermilab, October 24-26, 2004; revised to correct some references
Invertibility of Multi-Energy X-ray Transform
Creators: name: Ding, Yijun
name: Clarkson, Eric W.
name: Ashok, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: The goal is to provide a sufficient condition on the invertibility of a multi-energy (ME) X-ray transform. The energy-dependent X-ray attenuation profiles can be represented by a set of coefficients using the Alvarez-Macovski (AM) method. An ME X-ray transform is a mapping from $N$ AM coefficients to $N$ noise-free energy-weighted measurements, where $N\geq2$. Methods: We apply a general invertibility theorem which tests whether the Jacobian of the mapping $J(\mathbf A)$ has zero values over the support of the mapping. The Jacobian of an arbitrary ME X-ray transform is an integration over all spectral measurements. A sufficient condition of $J(\mathbf A)\neq0$ for all $\mathbf A$ is that the integrand of $J(\mathbf A)$ is $\geq0$ (or $\leq0$) everywhere. Note that the trivial case of the integrand equals to zero everywhere is ignored. With symmetry, we simplified the integrand of the Jacobian into three factors that are determined by the total attenuation, the basis functions, and the energy-weighting functions, respectively. The factor related to total attenuation is always positive, hence the invertibility of the X-ray transform can be determined by testing the signs of the other two factors. Furthermore, we use the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) to characterize the noise-induced estimation uncertainty and provide a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator. Conclusions: We have provided a framework to study the invertibility of an arbitrary ME X-ray transform and proved the global invertibility for four types of systems.
Déploiement spatial de l'énergie solaire photovoltaïque dans l'espace rural sénégalais
Creators: name: Sarr, Mariama
Publisher: name: Université de Pau et des pays de l'Adour
Year: 2024
Subjects: Renewable energy
électrification
solaire photovoltaique
rurale
territorialisation
énergie renouvelable

description: Résumé :

Le recours le moins possible aux énergies fossiles qui représentent 80 % de l’approvisionnement énergétique mondial (International Energy Agency, 2021) s’impose aujourd’hui, parce qu’étant reconnues comme source de dérèglement climatique (Derdevet & Pèlegrin, 2022). L’enjeu planétaire consiste à livrer bataille pour limiter notre réchauffement climatique à 1,5°C (Groupe d’Experts Intergouvernemental sur l’Évolution du Climat (GIEC), 2018) et les énergies renouvelables se présentent comme alternatives à ce contexte.Dans les pays subsahariens y compris le Sénégal, le défi social, économique et environnemental majeur consiste à fournir de l’électricité et des services énergétiques durables à moindre coût, de manière équitable aux populations rurales (Avadikyan & Mainguy, 2016; Liaison énergie-francophonie, 2018; P.Blimpo & Cosgrove-Davies, 2020). Le modèle traditionnel d’extension du réseau pour l'électrification rurale est remis en cause (Cook, 2013). Une approche décentralisée avec des systèmes isolés pour les espaces ruraux ( Harish et al., 2014) est encouragée dans un contexte de diffusion des énergies renouvelables et d’abaissement progressif des coûts des prix notamment photovoltaïques (Fontaine, 2018). Entre 2013 et 2023, l’État sénégalais en collaboration avec des investisseurs internationaux ont mis en service 408 MW de centrales solaires photovoltaïques qui injectent sur le réseau interconnecté, en plus il est de loin le pays de l'UEMOA qui a construit le plus de mini-réseaux (...)(Berthelemy & Nossek, 2018). Le déploiement accéléré de ses technologies photovoltaïques nous interroge sur la territorialisation de cette approche décentralisée d’électrification rurale sénégalaise. Le terrain reste pour la géographie un outil d’investigation indispensable pour vérifier ses hypothèses (Claval, 2013). Pour ce faire, nous avons adopté une méthodologie d’enquête en science sociale hybride qui sera présentée dans notre communication avec les premiers résultats de la cartographie thématique tirés de l’analyse des données collectées.
Probing bulk properties and partonic collectivity via multi-strange baryons in Au+Au collisions at top RHIC energy
Creators: name: Estienne, Magali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of the multi-strange production in the final state of ultra-relativistic Au+Au collisions at top RHIC energy gives information on the freeze-out conditions and probably on earlier stages of the collision. The chemical freeze-out temperature as well as the strangeness phase space occupancy factor gamma_s extracted from statistical models are studied as a function of the collision centrality. Within the framework of a hydrodynamically-inspired model the transverse collectivity of the collision is investigated. In this view, multi-strange particles seem to develop significant radial transverse flow. Furthermore, they present an elliptic flow as stronger as previously measured baryons supporting the idea that a fraction of the final collective motion has been developed at an early partonic stage of the collision.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Talk presented in Phase transitions in strongly interacting matter Prague, 23.8.-29.8. 2004 18th Nuclear Physics Division Conference of the EPS (NPDC18) Europhysics Conference
The adaptiveness of positive self-evaluations
Creators: name: Kurt, Aliye
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The literature includes conflicting conclusions about the adaptiveness of positive self-evaluations. In some studies, positive self-evaluations appear to have beneficial personal and interpersonal outcomes whereas in other studies, they appear to have negative outcomes. This dissertation is an attempt to reconcile these conflicting bodies of research. Using multiple operationalizations and a diverse set of criterion measures, the present study evaluated the adaptiveness of three forms of positive self-evaluation, namely, self-esteem, narcissism, and self-enhancement. The research design included three modes of measurement: a questionnaire component (N= 456); a peer-rating component (N= 123); and a laboratory component (N= 94). Standard measures of the three forms of positive self-evaluations were used to predict four kinds of maladjustment: self-rated and peer-rated personal and interpersonal maladjustment, as well as defensive reactions to ego-threatening feedback. Results indicated positive outcomes for high self-esteem but not for narcissism. The subgroup of high self-esteem individuals who were also high in narcissism was especially maladjusted. After the ego-threat induction, high self-esteem individuals exhibited more defensiveness than their low self-esteem counterparts, yet they maintained positive about themselves. Contrary to predictions, narcissists did not show defensive reactions. The adaptiveness of self-enhancement was addressed by comparing two standard operationalizations in predicting the same set of outcomes. The social comparison operationalization (rating yourself more positively than you rate others) was negatively associated with both self-reported and peer-rated maladjustment. The discrepancy operationalization (rating yourself more positively than others rate you), had positive associations with maladjustment, with the exception of self-reported personal maladjustment. Also examined were the interrelations among the three forms of positive self-evaluation. The results indicated that both high self-esteem individuals and narcissists engaged in high levels of self-enhancement behavior. In addition, the mediation analyses demonstrated that self-enhancement can partially account for the association of narcissism with negative outcomes. Overall the findings of this study help reconcile the debates over the adaptiveness of positive self-evaluations by suggesting that the conflicting findings of the previous studies are due to (a) a failure to distinguish the various forms of positive self-evaluation, (b) the use of different operationalizations, and (c) the use of different criterion measures.
Quantum field theory on a growing lattice
Creators: name: Foster, Brendan Z.
name: Jacobson, Ted
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the classical and canonically quantized theories of a massless scalar field on a background lattice in which the number of points--and hence the number of modes--may grow in time. To obtain a well-defined theory certain restrictions must be imposed on the lattice. Growth-induced particle creation is studied in a two-dimensional example. The results suggest that local mode birth of this sort injects too much energy into the vacuum to be a viable model of cosmological mode birth.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures; v.2: added comments on defining energy, and references
On measuring divergence for magnetic field modeling
Creators: name: Gilchrist, S. A.
name: Leka, K. D.
name: Barnes, G.
name: Wheatland, M. S.
name: DeRosa, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A physical magnetic field has a divergence of zero. Numerical error in constructing a model field and computing the divergence, however, introduces a finite divergence into these calculations. A popular metric for measuring divergence is the average fractional flux $\langle |f_{i}| \rangle$. We show that $\langle |f_{i}| \rangle$ scales with the size of the computational mesh, and may be a poor measure of divergence because it becomes arbitrarily small for increasing mesh resolution, without the divergence actually decreasing. We define a modified version of this metric that does not scale with mesh size. We apply the new metric to the results of DeRosa et al. (2015), who measured $\langle |f_{i}| \rangle$ for a series of Nonlinear Force-Free Field (NLFFF) models of the coronal magnetic field based on solar boundary data binned at different spatial resolutions. We compute a number of divergence metrics for the DeRosa et al. (2015) data and analyze the effect of spatial resolution on these metrics using a non-parametric method. We find that some of the trends reported by DeRosa et al. (2015) are due to the intrinsic scaling of $\langle |f_{i}| \rangle$. We also find that different metrics give different results for the same data set and therefore there is value in measuring divergence via several metrics.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Active Microrheology of Networks Composed of Semiflexible Polymers I. Computer Simulation of Magnetic Tweezers
Creators: name: Ter-Oganessian, N.
name: Pink, D. A.
name: Quinn, B.
name: Boulbitch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have simulated the motion of a bead subjected to a constant force while embedded in a network of semiflexible polymers which can represent actin filaments. We find that the bead displacement obeys the power law x ~ t^alfa. After the initial stage characterized by the exponent alfa=0.75 we find a new regime with alfa=0.5. The response in this regime is linear in force and scales with the polymer concentration as c^(-1.4). We find that the polymers pile up ahead of the moving bead, while behind it the polymer density is reduced. We show that the force resisting the bead motion is due to steric repulsion exerted by the polymers on the front hemisphere of the bead.
description: 35 pages with 10 figures
On the question of dynamic domains and critical scattering in cubic methylammonium lead triiodide
Creators: name: Weadock, Nicholas J.
name: Gehring, Peter M.
name: Gold-Parker, Aryeh
name: Smith, Ian C.
name: Karunadasa, Hemamala I.
name: Toney, Michael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the hypothesis of dynamic tetragonal domains occuring in cubic CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ using high-resolution neutron spectroscopy to study a fully deuterated single crystal. The $\textit{R}$-point scattering above the 327.5 K tetragonal-cubic phase transition is always resolution-limited in energy and therefore inconsistent with dynamic domain predictions. This behavior is instead consistent with the central peak phenomenon observed in other perovskites. The scattering may originate from small, static, tetragonal-phase domains nucleating about crystal defects, and the temperature dependence demonstrates the transition is first-order.
Axion and Right-handed Neutrino in the Minimal SUSY SO(10) Model
Creators: name: Fukuyama, Takeshi
name: Kikuchi, Tatsuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection between the axion and right-handed neutrinos is explored in the framework of the minimal SUSY SO(10) model. The former is related to the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) solution to the strong CP problem and the latter is to the light Majorana neutrinos through the see-saw mechanism. In this model, a relative phase between $({\bf 10,1,3}) (\equiv {\bf \barΔ}_R) \subset {\bf \bar{126}}$ and $({\bf \bar{10},1,3}) (\equiv {\bf Δ}_R) \subset {\bf 126}$ multiplets of ${\rm SU}(4) \times {\rm SU}(2)_L \times {\rm SU}(2)_R \subset {\rm SO}(10)$ becomes a physical degree of freedom identified with the axion. Then, the PQ symmetry breaking scale ($Λ_{\rm PQ}$) and the $B-L$ symmetry breaking scale ($Λ_{\rm B-L}$) coincide through the VEV of ${\bf \barΔ}_R$. The scalar partner of the lightest right-handed neutrino is regarded as the inflaton, which gives a consistent density fluctuation for the CMB.
description: 8 pages, no figure; the version to appear in JHEP
Additional file 1 of Performance of a high-frequency (180 kHz) acoustic array for tracking juvenile Pacific salmon in the coastal ocean
Creators: name: Rechisky, Erin L.
name: Porter, Aswea D.
name: Winchell, Paul M.
name: Welch, David W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Detection probability of acoustic tag transmissions as a function of tag depth and tag-to-receiver distance.
Nucleon Polarisabilities from Compton Scattering off the One- and Few-Nucleon System
Creators: name: Griesshammer, Harald W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These proceedings sketch how combining recent theoretical advances with data from the new generation of high-precision Compton scattering experiments on both the proton and few-nucleon systems offers fresh, detailed insight into the Physics of the nucleon polarisabilities. A multipole-analysis is presented to simplify their interpretation. Predictions from Chiral Effective Field Theory with special emphasis on the spin-polarisabilities can serve as guideline for doubly-polarised experiments below 300 MeV. The strong energy-dependence of the scalar magnetic dipole-polarisability $β_{M1}$ turns out to be crucial to understand the proton and deuteron data. Finally, a high-accuracy determination of the proton and neutron polarisabilities shows that they are identical within error-bars. For details and a better list of references, consult the given references.
description: 10 pages LaTeX2e with 7 figures in 8 .eps files, using graphicx. Invited seminar given at the 26th Course of the International School of Nuclear Physics: Lepton Scattering and the Structure of Hadrons and Nuclei, Erice (Italy), 16th - 24th September 2004. To be published in Prog. Nucl. Part. Phys. 54, No. 2 as part of the proceedings
Additional file 1 of Risk estimation of the SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory disease outbreak outside China
Creators: name: Soyoung Kim
name: Sunhwa Choi
name: Youngsuk Ko
name: Ki, Moran
name: Jung, Eunok
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Reconstructing Network Structures from Partial Measurements
Creators: name: Tyloo, Melvyn
name: Delabays, Robin
name: Jacquod, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The dynamics of systems of interacting agents is determined by the structure of their coupling network. The knowledge of the latter is, therefore, highly desirable, for instance, to develop efficient control schemes, to accurately predict the dynamics, or to better understand inter-agent processes. In many important and interesting situations, the network structure is not known, however, and previous investigations have shown how it may be inferred from complete measurement time series on each and every agent. These methods implicitly presuppose that, even though the network is not known, all its nodes are. Here, we investigate the different problem of inferring network structures within the observed/measured agents. For symmetrically coupled dynamical systems close to a stable equilibrium, we establish analytically and illustrate numerically that velocity signal correlators encode not only direct couplings, but also geodesic distances in the coupling network within the subset of measurable agents. When dynamical data are accessible for all agents, our method is furthermore algorithmically more efficient than the traditional ones because it does not rely on matrix inversion.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures