cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electronic Devices Based on Purified Carbon Nanotubes Grown By High Pressure Decomposition of Carbon Monoxide
Creators: name: Johnston, Danvers E.
name: Islam, Mohammad F.
name: Yodh, Arjun G.
name: Johnson, Alan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excellent properties of transistors, wires, and sensors made from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) make them promising candidates for use in advanced nanoelectronic systems. Gas-phase growth procedures such as the high pressure decomposition of carbon monoxide (HiPCO) method yield large quantities of small diameter semiconducting SWNTs, which are ideal for use in nanoelectronic circuits. As-grown HiPCO material, however, commonly contains a large fraction of carbonaceous impurities that degrade properties of SWNT devices. Here we demonstrate a purification, deposition, and fabrication process that yields devices consisting of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes with electronic characteristics vastly superior to those of circuits made from raw HiPCO. Source-drain current measurements on the circuits as a function of temperature and backgate voltage are used to quantify the energy gap of semiconducting nanotubes in a field effect transistor geometry. This work demonstrates significant progress towards the goal of producing complex integrated circuits from bulk-grown SWNT material.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Nature Materials
Linking prescriptive and descriptive risk communication approaches for risk management and decision making
Creators: name: Arvai, Joseph Louis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The objective of risk communication is to improve peoples' ability to make informed decisions in light of technological risks and their associated benefits. In order to make higher quality decisions about complex risk problems, risk communication should include two important process-oriented components: detailed information about the risk and a decision structure that helps people make a difficult choice. The research presented in this thesis shows that it is possible to enhance the quality of decision making processes for risk management by combining themes from risk communication with the prescriptive decision process of value-focused thinking. I hypothesized that participating in value-focused risk communication would lead to 'higher quality' and more defensible decisions and decision making processes as measured by, among other criteria, peoples' ability to consider in depth a wide variety of decision-relevant issues in addition to addressing their values and concerns when selecting risk management options. The results of the research presented in this thesis provide support for the hypotheses. A second experiment presented in this thesis tested the idea that public participation in prescriptive risk communication can lead to more widely accepted risk-policy decisions. It was hypothesized that descriptive risk communication outputs that cast risk policies as the product of a prescriptive, participatory decision process would lead to a higher degree of support for the resulting decisions. The results of this experiment provided support for this hypothesis but also showed that recipients tended to be more satisfied with the decision making process than they were with the outcome of the decision itself. This thesis also discusses process-based evaluations of risk communication as an alternative to the more common method of evaluating people's reactions to the outcomes of the communication program. Adopting process-based evaluations deemphasizes the supposed requirement for researchers to correlate an individual or group's behavior with comprehension or agreement with agency communications. Five criteria for carrying out such an evaluation are discussed. The contributions of this thesis and the research described in it are two-fold. First, it is the suggestion that all examples of risk communication share a common objective. That is, to foster decision aiding at some level, whether it be for complex and controversial decisions or for smaller-scale, individual decisions. As a result, when designing and evaluating risk communication efforts, researchers and practitioners should be mindful about whether or not what their risk communication products meet this objective. Secondly, and along these same lines, risk communication has more to do with defensible decision making thank it does with an expert-driven process for "risk education."
Objective Subclass Determination of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Unknown Spectral Objects
Creators: name: Bazell, David
name: Miller, David J.
name: SubbaRao, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a portion of the SDSS photometric catalog, consisting of approximately 10,000 objects that have been spectroscopically classified into stars, galaxies, QSOs, late-type stars and unknown objects (spectroscopically unclassified objects, SUOs), in order to investigate the existence and nature of subclasses of the unclassified objects. We use a modified mixture modeling approach that makes use of both labeled and unlabeled data and performs class discovery on the data set. The modeling was done using four colors derived from the SDSS photometry: (u-g), (g-r), (r-i), and (i-z). This technique discovers putative novel classes by identifying compact clusters that largely contain objects from the spectroscopically unclassified class of objects. These clusters are of possible scientific interest because they represent structured groups of outliers, relative to the known object classes. We identify two such well defined subclasses of the SUOs. One subclass contains 58% SUOs, 40% stars, and 2% galaxies, QSOs, and late-type stars. The other contains 91% SUOs, 6% late-type stars, and 3% stars, galaxies, and QSOs. We discuss possible interpretations of these subclasses while also noting some caution must be applied to purely color-based object classifications. As a side benefit of this limited study we also find two distinct classes, consisting largely of galaxies, that coincide with the recently discussed bimodal galaxy color distribution.
description: 31 pages; 6 figures; revised version accepted for Ap. J. Added one figure, added discussion, compared method with another approach, added appendix with algorithmic details
Discovery of multiple ultraluminous X-ray sources in the galaxy KUG 0214-057
Creators: name: Watson, M. G.
name: Roberts, T. P.
name: Akiyama, M.
name: Ueda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the serendipitous discovery of several unresolved X-ray sources lying in the prominent spiral arms of the galaxy KUG 0214-057 in XMM-Newton observations. The location of these X-ray sources strongly suggests that at least three, and possibly four, of these may be physically related to the galaxy. The luminosity of each of these sources at the distance of KUG 0214-057 is > 5 x 10^39 erg/s (0.3-10 keV), making each a strong candidate ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX). Using the ULXs as a metric implies that this relatively low-mass galaxy may be experiencing rather intense starburst activity. The serendipitous discovery of these ULXs suggests that such objects are not a negligible component of the overall extragalactic X-ray source population.
description: Accepted by A&A (6th April). 6 pages, 4 figures
Irregular Hodge numbers for rigid $G_2$-connections
Creators: name: Jakob, Konstantin
name: Reiter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G41, 34M35, 32S35

description: Certain rigid irregular $G_2$-connections constructed by the first-named author are related via pullbacks along a finite covering and Fourier transform to rigid local systems on a punctured projective line. This kind of property was first observed by Katz for hypergeometric connections and used by Sabbah and Yu to compute irregular Hodge filtrations for hypergeometric connections. This strategy can also be applied to the aforementioned $G_2$-connections and we compute jumping indices and dimensions for their irregular Hodge filtrations.
description: 16 pages
Critical revision of the ZEPLIN-I sensitivity to WIMP interactions
Creators: name: Benoit, A.
name: Chapellier, M.
name: Chardin, G.
name: Dumoulin, L.
name: Eitel, K.
name: Gascon, J.
name: Gerbier, G.
name: Goldbach, C.
name: Jochum, J.
name: de Lesquen, A.
name: Nollez, G.
name: Proebst, F.
name: Seidel, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ZEPLIN collaboration has recently published its first result presenting a maximum sensitivity of $1.1 \times 10^{-6}$ picobarn for a WIMP mass of $\approx$ 60 GeV. The analysis is based on a discrimination method using the different time distribution of scintillation light generated in electron recoil and nuclear recoil interactions. We show that the methodology followed both for the calibration of the ZEPLIN-I detector response and for the estimation of the discrimination power is not reliable enough to claim any background discrimination at the present stage. The ZEPLIN-I sensitivity appears then to be in the order of 10$^{-3}$ picobarn, three orders of magnitude above the claimed 1.1 10$^{-6}$ picobarn.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, minor corrections, two references updated, final version accepted in Physics Letters B
Food Security and Efficacy of the Intervention Mechanism in India
Creators: name: Prahadeeswaran, M.
name: Ramasamy, C.
name: Selvaraj, K.N.
name: Prahadeeswaran, M.
name: Ramasamy, C.
name: Selvaraj, K.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food Security
subject: Targeted Public Distribution System
subject: Fair Price Shops
subject: Minimum Support Price
subject: Monte Carlo Technique

description: Rice and wheat are the two major foodgrains in India and their level of production determines the country self-sufficient. Forecasts on cereals supply range from 250 to over 300 million tones in the country by the year 2020. Mere availability of foodgrains is not a sufficient condition to ensure food security but also necessary that the poor have sufficient means to purchase food. Poor economic access leads to food security and it has been checked by the government mechanism through the operation of Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) and foodgrains are distributed at subsidized prices to the people living Below Poverty Line (BPL). It is a safety net to more than 330 million poor and those nutritionally at risk and an important delivery channel with a network of half million Fair Price Shops (FPS) catering to the needs of 199 million of ration cardholders. Food subsidy amounting to Rs. 25,800 (approximately US$ 5,730 million) was allotted during the period 2004-05, which rose ten times in the past 15 years. Higher level of procurement, revising the Minimum Support Price (MSP), inventory cost for stocking foodgrains and a lower level of issue price together absorb huge subsidy. Monte Carlo Technique was used to examine the implications of several policy options by simulating the 2002-03 base scenario. Optimum or the normative level of procurement, improving offtake from Food Corporation of India (FCI) godowns, private participation, issuing food stamps and food credit cards are the possible options to improve the efficacy of the system and reduce the budgetary burden due to subsidy.
PERIODISMO MEDIOAMBIENTAL PARA UN DESARROLLO ENERGÉTICO SOSTENIBLE
Creators: name: ARRAEZ-BETANCORT, ROSA MARÍA, ROSA MARÍA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: Esta investigación permitió poner de manifiesto la importancia de un periodismo especializado en medioambiente de calidad y reforzar las claves de su ejercicio profesional sobre un asunto preocupante. Mi aportación se focalizó en generar un contexto teórico del medioambiente y la energía en nuestra sociedad y cuya crisis se traslada también al periodismo y al periodismo medioambiental. Pero, además, se constató en los datos y conclusiones procedentes del estudio de los géneros periodísticos sobre el asunto energético mediante una plantilla de análisis de contenido, contribuyendo a mejorar la escasa producción científica al respecto.

Propongo una serie de recomendaciones, ante la constatación de que la prensa española carecía de especialización sobre este asunto relevante, desinteresándose por su análisis mediante los géneros periodísticos adecuados, dando protagonismo a los políticos como fuentes para explicar asuntos energéticos y renunciando a vincular energía y medioambiente en sus editoriales. Y se invita a la reflexión científica y periodística sobre el papel y poder del periodismo medioambiental.
Dynamical radion superfield in 5D action
Creators: name: Abe, Hiroyuki
name: Sakamura, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive 5D N=1 superspace action including the radion superfield. The radion is treated as a dynamical field and identified as a solution of the equation of motion even in the presence of the radius stabilization mechanism. Our derivation is systematic and based on the superconformal formulation of 5D supergravity. We can read off the couplings of the dynamical radion superfield to the matter superfields from our result. The correct radion mass can be obtained by calculating the radion potential from our superspace action.
description: 29 pages, no figures, LaTeX, some comments added
First principles investigation on anomalous lattice shrinkage of W alloyed rock salt GeTe
Creators: name: Wang, Guanjie
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Sun, Zhimei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to Vegard's law, larger radius atoms substitute for smaller atoms in a solid solution would enlarge the lattice parameters. However, by first-principles calculations, we have observed unusual lattice shrinkage when W replaces Ge in rock salt GeTe. We attribute this anomalous contract to the larger electronegativity difference between W and Te than between Ge and Te, which results in shorter W-Te bonds and pronounced local distortion around W dopants. The present work would provide new insight into the lattice parameter determination and a deeper understanding of the structural properties of ternary solid solutions.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 tables
Food Pricing Policy and Rural Poverty: Insights from Maize in Kenya
Creators: name: Mghenyi, Elliot W.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Mghenyi, Elliot W.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Kenya
subject: income transfers
subject: maize policy

description: This study estimates the effects on poverty resulting from maize price changes associated with the operations of the maize marketing board in Kenya. We consider both supply and demand responses and the accompanying adjustments in rural labor markets in estimating a second order approximation to equilibrium income changes. We then use stochastic dominance techniques to generate poverty rankings between the distribution of income with the effects of the government marketing operations and the distribution of counterfactual incomes. This approach effectively addresses concerns regarding the sensitivity of poverty estimates to the type of poverty measure used. Results indicate that the price-elevating effects of government maize marketing operations have exacerbated rural poverty in all regions of the country except the region from which the largest part of surplus maize originates.
Explaining National Border Effects in the Quad Food Trade
Creators: name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Raimondi, Valentina
name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Raimondi, Valentina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: border effect
subject: food trade
subject: market access
subject: gravity
subject: QUAD countries

description: Starting from a theoretically consistent gravity model, this paper first provides estimates of bilateral 'border effects' in food trade among Quad countries (Canada, USA, Japan and EU) at the ISIC 4-digit level. Then, it investigates the underlying reasons of border effect, assessing the role played by policy barriers (tariffs and non-tariff barriers) with respect to barriers unrelated to trade policy, such as information related costs and cultural proximity. In contrast with several previous findings, we show that policy barriers are part of the story in explaining the strong trade reduction effect induced by national borders, and this is especially true when we control for the endogeneity of trade policy to imports, as suggested by political economy arguments. Moreover, our results show that elements linked to cultural proximity and consumer preference for home goods, matter a great deal in explaining the magnitude of border effects. The trade reduction effect induced by these policy-unrelated components are from 1.5 to 3 times larger than that induced by policy barriers. These results have implications for the economic and welfare significance of national borders.
Assesing the effect of Coulomb repulsion asymmetry on electron pairing
Creators: name: Raissi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coulomb repulsion between two moving electrons loses its spherical symmetry due to relativistic effects. In presence of a uniform positive ion background this asymmetry uncovers an angular dependent attraction potential in the direction of motion. The quantum mechanical response to such an attraction potential is obtained through perturbation. It is shown that the transition amplitude between states with the symmetry of the attraction potential becomes negative and if the density of states is anisotropic, occurrence of a superconducting state becomes possible.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Evaluating Multifunctional Activities as Rural Institution in Japan
Creators: name: Ohe, Yasuo
name: Ohe, Yasuo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: multifunctionality
subject: rural community
subject: institution
subject: jointness
subject: diversification
subject: human resources
subject: direct payment

description: The relationship between multifunctionality and the roles of rural communities has not been discussed fully although the connection between the two is an essential issue in the rural policy arena. Pursuing this issue, this paper considers that multifunctional hamlet activities are generated as institutional joint products within the hamlet. Also evaluated is the connection between multifunctional activities and institutional hamlet conditions under the Japanese direct payment program for less favored areas. Results of conceptual considerations and empirical evaluations reveal that specific multifunctional hamlet activities depend on hamlet conditions; those on the least favorable level tend to perform land preservation activities while those under the most favorable conditions tend to undertake recreational activity. Hamlets participating in forming landscape fall in the middle. Thus, firstly, institutional jointness is not constant but variable depending on hamlet conditions. Consequently, programs to enhance multifunctionality should respect hamlet conditions that represent different levels of institutional jointness of multifunctional activity rather than treat multifunctionality as a single concept. Secondly, for diversification, it would be effective to organize hamlet activities based on an open and wider human network rather than the traditional closed one in rural communities.
No evidence that horn trimming affects white rhinoceros horn use during comfort behaviour and resource access
Creators: name: Penny, Samuel G.
name: White, Rachel L.
name: Scott, Dawn M.
name: MacTavish, Lynne
name: Pernetta, Angelo P.
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60299 Ecology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Rhino species use their horns in social interactions but also when accessing resources, rubbing and in interspecific defence. The current poaching crisis has seen southern white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum simum) increasingly dehorned as a conservation management practise, but few studies have evaluated whether the procedure has any behavioural effects. This study sought to document and describe horn-contingent behaviours during resource access, wallowing and rubbing in freeranging white rhinos and establish whether dehorning, also known as horn trimming, impacts on their frequency or function. Data were collected through camera trapping and field observations at two sites in South Africa. The results provide no evidence that dehorning disrupts digging behaviours during mineral consumption or wallowing and suggests that dehorning is unlikely to have a strong biological impact on resource access. Furthermore, the frequency of horn-rubbing behaviours did not appear to be influenced by levels of horn growth. This suggests the procedure has a limited impact on these aspects of the species’ ecology and provides support that dehorning can be employed as a management tool to reduce poaching in freeranging populations of white rhino.
Therminator: Thermal heavy-Ion generator
Creators: name: Kisiel, Adam
name: Taluc, Tomasz
name: Broniowski, Wojciech
name: Florkowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: THERMINATOR is a Monte Carlo event generator designed for studying of particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions performed at such experimental facilities as the SPS, RHIC, or LHC. The program implements thermal models of particle production with single freeze-out. It performs the following tasks: 1) generation of stable particles and unstable resonances at the chosen freeze-out hypersurface with the local phase-space density of particles given by the statistical distribution factors, 2) subsequent space-time evolution and decays of hadronic resonances in cascades, 3) calculation of the transverse-momentum spectra and numerous other observables related to the space-time evolution. The geometry of the freeze-out hypersurface and the collective velocity of expansion may be chosen from two successful models, the Cracow single-freeze-out model and the Blast-Wave model. All particles from the Particle Data Tables are used. Experimental cuts may be introduced in a very straightforward manner. The code is written in the object-oriented c++ language and complies to the standards of the ROOT environment.
description: for the source code of the program see: http://hirg.if.pw.edu.pl/en/therminator, submitted to Computer Physics Communications, 38 pages, 13 figures, UPDATE: fixed typo in Eq. (4), In the program - fixed a bug in the calculation of space-time freeze-out coordinates fot the Blast-wave model
Gas adsorption effects on electronic and magnetic properties of triangular graphene antidot lattices
Creators: name: Esfahani, Zahra Talebi
name: Saffarzadeh, Alireza
name: Akhound, Ahmad
name: Dodaran, Amir Abbas Sabouri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The adsorption effects of small molecules (H$_{2}$O, CO, NH$_{3}$, NO$_{2}$) and large molecules (Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and Tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ)) on electronic and magnetic properties of two triangular graphene antidot lattices (GALs), $[10,3,6]_{RTA}$ and $[10, 5]_{ETA}$, are investigated by means of first-principles calculations. We find that CO, NO$_{2}$, TCNQ, and F4TCNQ molecules are chemisorbed by both antidots, whereas NH$_{3}$ is physisorbed (chemisorbed) by $[10, 5]_{ETA}$ ($[10,3,6]_{RTA}$) structure. H$_{2}$O, CO, NH$_{3}$ molecules reveal no significant effect on electronic and magnetic properties of these antidot structures. The adsorbed NO$_{2}$ molecules affect the energy gap of GALs by changing their electronic structure from semiconducting to half-metal nature. This suggests that both GALs can act as efficient NO$_{2}$ sensors. The adsorption of TCNQ and F4TCNQ molecules on GALs induces flat bands in the vicinity of the Fermi energy and also turn the electronic structure of antidot lattices to half-metallicity. Among the small and large molecules, NO$_{2}$ molecules induce the most total magnetic moment, paving the way to make magnetic GAL-based devices.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Implications of Tariff Rate Quotas Liberalization in the South African Livestock Industry
Creators: name: Oyewumi, Olubukola Ayodeju
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Van Schalkwyk, Herman D.
name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Oyewumi, Olubukola Ayodeju
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Van Schalkwyk, Herman D.
name: Britz, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: International Trade
subject: Agricultural Development
subject: Partial Equilibrium Model
subject: Applied Welfare Economics

description: Livestock farming is an important facet of agriculture and livelihood in South Africa. It forms the essence of rural agriculture contributing food, socio-economic stability, employment and income. After the liberalization of the agricultural sector and phasing out of past protection mechanisms South Africa introduced a process of tariff reform. Furthermore, a system of tariff rate quotas was introduced in compliance with WTO regulations. A partial equilibrium comparative static model was used to investigate the impact of further liberalization in the livestock industry of South Africa, particularly in meat products using four policy scenarios. Specific emphasis was given to the liberalization of the current TRQ regime. The conclusion is that the expansion in current quotas might be a more proper policy directive than reducing applied tariffs over the short to medium run to comply with trade liberalization targets.
Additional file 1 of Genome-Wide Association Study for Yield and Yield Related Traits under Reproductive Stage Drought in a Diverse indica-aus Rice Panel
Creators: name: Bhandari, Aditi
name: Nitika Sandhu
name: Bartholome, Jérôme
name: Tuong-Vi Cao-Hamadoun
name: Nourollah Ahmadi
name: Nilima Kumari
name: Kumar, Arvind
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Field experiments conducted at IRRI, Philippines between the 2014 wet season and 2015 dry season. Table S2. Drought susceptibility index (DSI) calculated for each genotype for the four stress experiments for selected traits (with green for tolerance and red for susceptibility). Table S3. Characterization of the marker set of 215,250 SNPs. Table S4. Significant MTAs detected for ten traits in the population and the gene validation results. Table S5. Yadj. values used for GWAS of the ten traits measured for the 280 diverse set in three environments and two seasons. Table S6. Allelic variation at the GWAS-identified significant loci in the selected 7 accessions for grain yield under lowland and upland drought. Table S7. Details of the 280 diversity panel accessions. Table S8. Description of phenotypic data recording. Figure S1. Projection of 280 lines of the indica-aus diversity panel on the first plane of factorial discriminant analysis using phenotypic data for ten traits. Figure S2. Plots of Pearson’s r-values showing correlation between each of the six experiments (LL_N_WS – lowland non-stress 2014WS, LL_S_DS – lowland non-stress 2015DS, LL_S_WS – lowland stress 2014WS, LL_S_DS – lowland stress 2015DS, UL_S_WS – upland stress 2014WS and UL_S_DS – upland stress 2015DS) at trait level for all the ten phenotypic variables. Figure S3. Heat map showing the uneven marker distribution along each of the 12 chromosomes using the 215,250 SNP working set. Figure S4. Pattern of rapid decay in linkage disequilibrium decay in the population of 280 accessions genotyped with 215,250 SNPs. Figure S5. Circular manhattan plots and qq-plots for each of the 6 experiments and comparison of season-wise analysis to combined analysis for each of the 3 growing environments for a. PL, b. FlgLA, c. BMDW, d. NBP, e. HI, f. TGW and g. SPKFT.
Kinetics of 2D electrons in the magnetic field in the presence of microwave radiation. Response of a non-equilibrium system to a weak measurement field
Creators: name: Lyapilin, I. I.
name: Patrakov, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetics of spatially uniform distribution of 2D electrons in crossed electric and magnetic fields in the presence of microwave radiation has been studied. In the present model the contribution from the microwave radiation and the effects of Landau quantization are considered exactly, while scattering is treated perturbatively. Here Landau--Floquet states interact with the impurity potential that causes transitions between them. The linear response of a non-equilibrium system to a weak measurement field has been considered for the case when the non-equilibrium state of the carriers can be described by the average values of the total energy and the number of particles.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures; references corrected, inconsistent notation fixed
Farmer-To-Farmer Advice: What's the Best Way to Sell Raw Wool in Australia?
Creators: name: Jackson, Elizabeth
name: Quaddus, Mohammed
name: Islam, Nazrul
name: Stanton, John
name: Jackson, Elizabeth
name: Quaddus, Mohammed
name: Islam, Nazrul
name: Stanton, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Some 85% of all raw wool produced in Australia is sold on the open-cry auction system (Bolt 2004). Current debate among wool growers highlighted the need to explore other methods available and, of these, determine what are the most preferred. Four focus groups were conducted in regional Western Australia to ascertain primary producers' opinions on the options available for selling their raw wool. Focus group p articipants were given a series of scenarios to brainstorm, these focused on offering advice to a new neighbour who had n ever grown wool. Results of the research showed that auctioning wool via the services of a broker is by far the preferred selling method. Forward contracting and internet-based selling were options that were unfamiliar but worthy of trial while futures and op tions trading, value-added selling and selling direct to mills were the least favoured methods. Further to this it was found that producers are willing to try selling methods that shorten the wool supply chain and they also favour relationship-based systems.
Indian Urban Building Sector: CDM Potential through Energy Efficiency in Electricity Consumption
Creators: name: Singh, Inderjeet
name: Michaelowa, Axel
name: Singh, Inderjeet
name: Michaelowa, Axel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: CDM
subject: energy efficiency
subject: India
subject: buildings

description: Indian economic growth is likely to lead to a huge increase of energy use in buildings but so far, policies to address this issue are lacking. Standard building energy use concerning glazing, air conditioning and lighting in different climatic zones across India leads to energy use per m2 which is 3-4 times of the German average. We assess the potential to improve building energy efficiency and how measures in the building sector could be framed as projects under the Clean Development Mechanism. CDM case studies for large buildings in the Indian public and private sector are presented. They achieve annual greenhouse gas reductions of 500 to 10,000 ton, which may not be sufficient to overcome the CDM transaction cost barrier. Despite short payback periods, the high initial investment and lack of integrated building management makes these projects additional. Large-scale appliance dissemination programs for air-conditioners and Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) may offer interesting opportunities if the monitoring challenge can be overcome.
Employment and Growth Effects of Tax Reforms in a Growth-Matching Model
Creators: name: Birk, Angela
name: Michaelis, Jochen
name: Birk, Angela
name: Michaelis, Jochen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: search unemployment
subject: growth
subject: tax reform

description: This paper explores how revenue-neutral tax reforms impact employment and economic growth in models of exogenous and endogenous growth and search frictions on the labor market. We show that (i) a cut in the payroll tax financed by an increase in the wage tax lowers both equilibrium employment and the equilibrium growth rate, that (ii) a higher energy tax combined with a cut in wage taxes boosts employment but has an ambiguous effect on growth, and that (iii) a higher energy tax combined with a cut in payroll taxes enhances employment but mitigates economic growth.
Type-II Superconductivity below 4K in Sn0.4Sb0.6
Creators: name: Sharma, M. M.
name: Kumar, Kapil
name: Sang, Lina
name: Wang, X. L.
name: Awana, V. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we report the occurrence of superconductivity in Sn0.4Sb0.6 single crystal at below 4K. Rietveld refined Powder XRD data confirms the phase purity of as grown crystal, crystallizing in rhombohedral R-3m space group with an elongated (2xc) unit cell in c-direction. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image and EDAX measurement confirm the laminar growth and near to desired stoichiometry ratio. Raman Spectroscopy data shows the vibrational modes of Sn-Sb and Sb-Sb modes at 110 and 135cm-1. ZFC (Zero-Field-Cooled) magnetization measurements done at 10Oe showed sharp superconducting transitions at 4K along with a minor step at 3.5K. On the other hand, Paramagnetic Meissner Effect (PME) is observed in FC measurements. Magnetization vs applied field (M-H) plots at 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.7, 3, 3.2, 3.5, and 3.7K shows typical Type-II nature of observed superconductivity with lower and upper critical fields (Hc1 and Hc2) at 69.42Oe and 630Oe respectively at 2K. Type-II superconductivity is also confirmed by calculated Ginzburg-Landau Kappa parameter value of 3.55. Characteristics length viz. coherence length and penetration depth are also calculated. Weak granular coupling is observed from R-T plot, in which resistance is not dropping to zero down to 2K.
description: 21 Pages Text + Figs
Additional file 1 of Spatial modes for transmission of chikungunya virus during a large chikungunya outbreak in Italy: a modeling analysis
Creators: name: Guzzetta, Giorgio
name: Vairo, Francesco
name: Mammone, Alessia
name: Lanini, Simone
name: Poletti, Piero
name: Manica, Mattia
name: Rosa, Roberto
name: Caputo, Beniamino
name: Solimini, Angelo
name: Torre, Alessandra Della
name: Scognamiglio, Paola
name: Alimuddin Zumla
name: Ippolito, Giuseppe
name: Merler, Stefano
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix.
Exchange and Interest Rates prior to EMU: The Case of Greece
Creators: name: Antzoulatos, Angelos A.
name: Wilfling, Bernd
name: Antzoulatos, Angelos A.
name: Wilfling, Bernd
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: EMU
subject: exchange and interest rate models
subject: policy shifts
subject: economic regime switching models

description: Recently a variety of exchange and interest rate models capturing the dynamics during the transition from an exchange rate arrangement of floating rates into a currency union have been derived. While these stochastic equilibrium models in continuous time are theoretically rigorous, a systematic and extensive empirical validation is still lacking. Using exchange and interest rate data collected prior to the Greek EMU-entrance on 1 January 2001 this paper tries to fill the gap between theory and real-world data. The analysis reveals that the formal models can explain many features of the Greek exchange and interest rate dynamics on the road to EMU.
Asymmetrically coupled directed percolation systems
Creators: name: Noh, Jae Dong
name: Park, Hyunggyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a dynamical model of coupled directed percolation systems with two particle species. The two species $A$ and $B$ are coupled asymmetrically in that $A$ particles branch $B$ particles whereas $B$ particles prey on $A$ particles. This model may describe epidemic spreading controlled by reactive immunization agents. We study nonequilibrium phase transitions with focused attention to the multicritical point where both species undergo the absorbing phase transition simultaneously. In one dimension, we find that the inhibitory coupling from $B$ to $A$ is irrelevant and the model belongs to the unidirectionally coupled directed percolation universality class. On the contrary, a mean field analysis predicts that the inhibitory coupling is relevant and a new universality appears with a variable dynamic exponent. Extensive numerical simulations on small-world networks confirm our predictions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Die Bedeutung der EU-Institutionen in der Klimapolitik - eine Public Choice-Analyse -
Creators: name: Bockem, Alexandra
name: Bockem, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, anhand des Instrumentariums der Neuen Politischen Ökonomie die zu beobachtenden Ineffizienzen in der europäischen Klimapolitik zu erklären. Diese bestehen zum einen in einer Bevorzugung ineffizienter klimapolitischer Instrumente gegenüber anreizorientierten Maßnahmen wie beispielsweise der CO2- /Energiesteuer. Darüber hinaus ist eine Diskrepanz zwischen weitgesteckten Emissionsreduktionszielen und deren mangelhafter Umsetzung zu erkennen. Trotz der Überlegenheit europaweiter Maßnahmen im Klimaschutz ist die diesbezügliche Politik der EU weiterhin von unkoordinierten nationalen Programmen geprägt. Die EU-Klimapolitik ist ein Teilbereich der europäischen Umweltpolitik, welche ihre Legitimation aus Art. 130r-t EGV erhält. Nach Art. 130s EGV kommen in der Umweltbzw. Klimapolitik drei verschiedene Beschlußverfahren zur Anwendung: das Konsultations-, das Kooperations- und das Mitentscheidungsverfahren. Diese Entscheidungsverfahren legen fest, inwieweit die Kommission, der Rat und das Europäische Parlament an der Legislative der EU beteiligt sind. Um den daraus resultierenden Einfluß der drei Institutionen auf das politische Ergebnis bestimmen zu können, wird ein Ansatz verwendet, der eine Verbindung der Theorie räumlicher Wahlmodelle mit der nicht-kooperativen Spieltheorie darstellt. Hierin werden die Entscheidungsverfahren jeweils als ein mehrstufiges Spiel in extensiver Form abgebildet. Der Einfluß einer EU-Institution auf die Entscheidungsfindung kann in dem Modell anhand des Abstands der gleichgewichtigen Lösung des Spiels von dem idealen Punkt des diese Institution repräsentierenden Spielers gemessen werden. Es zeigt sich, daß der Rat als beschlußfassendes Organ und die Kommission als agenda-setter den Gesetzgebungsprozeß dominieren, während das EP kaum fähig ist, einen Einfluß auf die Legislative auszuüben. Um die Einflußverteilung zwischen den EU-Institutionen als Erklärungsansatz für die europäische Klimapolitik verwenden zu können, werden die diesbezüglichen Interessenlagen der drei legislativen Organe untersucht. Die Verbindung der Macht- mit der Interessenanalyse zeigt, daß die EU-Klimapolitik vom Ministerrat dominiert wird und damit das bei den jeweiligen Entscheidungen erforderliche Quorum eine bedeutende Rolle für die Durchsetzbarkeit von klimapolitischen Maßnahmen spielt. Daher Bergen Maßnahmen außerhalb des Klimapaktes ein größeres Potential für den Klimaschutz als solche, die auf der Grundlage des Art. 130s(2) und damit einstimmig beschlossen werden. Die Bevorzugung ineffizienter Instrumente ist ein Resultat der Präferenzen sowohl der Kommission als auch sämtlicher Ratsmitglieder.
Additional file 1 of Removal of N-linked glycans in cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Trichoderma reesei reveals higher activity and binding affinity on crystalline cellulose
Creators: name: Bartłomiej M. Kołaczkowski
name: Schaller, Kay S.
name: Sørensen, Trine Holst
name: Peters, Günther H. J.
name: Jensen, Kenneth
name: Krogh, Kristian B. R. M.
name: Westh, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Mass distribution profile of full-length TrCel7A from intact protein MS. Fig. S2. DSC scans of all TrCel7A enzymes used in this study. Table S1. Steady-state kinetics and binding affinity parameters (25 °C) of TrCel7A WT and the variants with modified N-glycosylation pattern. Fig. S3. Steady-state kinetic analysis and binding isotherm for TrCel7A enzymes on RAC and BMCC at 50 °C. Fig. S4.InvMM analysis and binding isotherm of TrCel7A CD WT and endoH treated TrCel7A CD on 12 g/L Avicel. Fig. S5. An architecture-based amino acid sequence of the Trichoderma reesei Cel7A. Fig. S6. Phylogenetic tree of the characterized Cel7A sequences from GH7 (CAZy database). Table S2. Statistical comparison by analysis of means of the parameters derived from non-linear fit of Michaelis-Menten and binding isotherms curves (50 °C). Table S3. Statistical comparison by analysis of means of the parameters derived from non-linear fit of Michaelis-Menten and binding isotherms curves (25 °C).
Between Two Poles: Matching Trade and Exchange Rate Regimes in Mercosur
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Hefeker, Carsten
name: Koopmann, Georg
name: Busse, Matthias
name: Hefeker, Carsten
name: Koopmann, Georg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Exchange Rate Regime
subject: Currency Board
subject: Latin America
subject: Mercosur

description: The paper reviews exchange rate options for Mercosur countries. We start from the observation that most of the countries in the region have a longstanding tendency to adopt fixed exchange rates, and ask how such a system could best be designed. The Argentine crisis has demonstrated that unilateral currency pegs imply the risk of serious misalignments with other trading partners and subsequent realignments. The standard basket peg is not a solution because of its limited transparency and credibility. We therefore discuss a proposal to create dual currency boards that could be a workable solution for the Mercosur countries.
Asymptotic relative submajorization of multiple-state boxes
Creators: name: Bunth, Gergely
name: Vrana, Péter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pairs of states, or "boxes" are the basic objects in the resource theory of asymmetric distinguishability (Wang and Wilde, 2019), where free operations are arbitrary quantum channels that are applied to both states. From this point of view, hypothesis testing is seen as a process by which a standard form of distinguishability is distilled. Motivated by the more general problem of quantum state discrimination, we consider boxes of a fixed finite number of states and study an extension of the relative submajorization preorder to such objects. In this relation a tuple of positive operators is greater than another if there is a completely positive trace nonincreasing map under which the image of the first tuple satisfies certain semidefinite constraints relative to the other one. This preorder characterizes error probabilities in the case of testing a composite null hypothesis against a simple alternative hypothesis, as well as certain error probabilities in state discrimination. We present a sufficient condition for the existence of catalytic transformations between boxes, and a characterization of an associated asymptotic preorder, both expressed in terms of sandwiched Rényi divergences. This characterization of the asymptotic preorder directly shows that the strong converse exponent for a composite null hypothesis is equal to the maximum of the corresponding exponents for the pairwise simple hypothesis testing tasks.
description: 20 pages
title: Mate attraction, chemical defense, and competition avoidance in the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina pacifica
Creators: name: Böttinger, Lea C.
name: Hüftlein, Frederic
name: Stökl, Johannes
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Figitidae
subject: Pheromone
subject: Evolution
subject: Iridomyrmecin
subject: Citral
subject: Cuticular hydrocarbons
subject: 570

description: A major hypothesis for the evolution of chemical signals is that pheromones arise from non-communicative precursor compounds. However, data supporting this hypothesis are rare, primarily because the original functions of the antecedent compounds often have been lost. A notable exception, however, is the parasitoid wasp species Leptopilina heterotoma, whose compound (−)-iridomyrmecin is used as a defensive secretion, a cue for females to avoid competition with con- and hetero-specific females, and as the primary component of the females’ sex pheromone. To better understand the evolution of sex pheromones from defensive compounds, we examined the chemical ecology of L. pacifica, the sister species of L. heterotoma. Here, we show that L. pacifica also produces a defensive secretion containing a species-specific mixture of mostly iridoid compounds. However, the composition of the secretion is more complex than in L. heterotoma, and iridomyrmecin is only a minor component. Moreover, in contrast to L. heterotoma, conspecific female competitors were not avoided by female subjects, and a role of the iridoids in the female sex pheromone of L. pacifica can be excluded, as only the females’ cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) resulted in the elicitation of courtship by males. Although closely related, the two sister species show substantial differences in the use of the defensive secretion for communicative purposes. Variation in pheromone usage in this genus still presents a conundrum, highlighting the need for additional studies to understand the selective forces shaping the evolution of pheromone composition.