cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Identifying Young Stellar Objects in the Outer Galaxy: l = 224 deg Region in Canis Major
Creators: name: Sewiło, Marta
name: Whitney, Barbara A.
name: Yung, Bosco H. K.
name: Robitaille, Thomas P.
name: Elia, Davide
name: Indebetouw, Remy
name: Schisano, Eugenio
name: Szczerba, Ryszard
name: Karska, Agata
name: Wiseman, Jennifer
name: Babler, Brian
name: Boyer, Martha
name: Fischer, William J.
name: Meade, Marilyn
name: Olmi, Luca
name: Padgett, Deborah
name: Siódmiak, Natasza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a very young star-forming region in the outer Galaxy that is the most concentrated source of outflows in the Spitzer Space Telescope GLIMPSE360 survey. This region, dubbed CMa-l224, is located in the Canis Major OB1 association. CMa-l224 is relatively faint in the mid-infrared, but it shines brightly at the far-infrared wavelengths as revealed by the Herschel Space Observatory data from the Hi-GAL survey. Using the 3.6 and 4.5 $μ$m data from the Spitzer/GLIMPSE360 survey, combined with the JHK$_s$ 2MASS and the 70-500 $μ$m Herschel/Hi-GAL data, we develop a young stellar object (YSO) selection criteria based on color-color cuts and fitting of the YSO candidates' spectral energy distributions with YSO 2D radiative transfer models. We identify 293 YSO candidates and estimate physical parameters for 210 sources well-fit with YSO models. We select an additional 47 sources with GLIMPSE360-only photometry as `possible YSO candidates'. The vast majority of these sources are associated with high H$_2$ column density regions and are good targets for follow-up studies. The distribution of YSO candidates at different evolutionary stages with respect to Herschel filaments supports the idea that stars are formed in the filaments and become more dispersed with time. Both the supernova-induced and spontaneous star formation scenarios are plausible in the environmental context of CMa-l224. However, our results indicate that a spontaneous gravitational collapse of filaments is a more likely scenario. The methods developed for CMa-l224 can be used for larger regions in the Galactic plane where the same set of photometry is available.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; 54 pages including appendices
Tolerance to bronchodilating effects of salmeterol in COPD
Creators: name: Kesten, S
name: Donohue, J.F
name: Menjoge, S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: AbstractLoss of bronchodilator effectiveness or tolerance has been observed with inhaled beta-agonists but not with inhaled anticholinergic medications. Initially, tolerance is reflected in loss of bronchial protection against stimuli followed by loss of bronchodilator properties. However, generally such observations have been reported in asthma. A 6-month randomized, double-dummy placebo-controlled trial comparing tiotropium to salmeterol provided the opportunity to examine spirometric tolerance to long-acting beta-agonists in patients with COPD. Spirometry was measured over 12h at baseline and at days 15, 57, 116 and 169. Changes over time from baseline were compared relative to changes observed with placebo. A total of 623 patients participated (tiotropium=209, salmeterol=213, placebo=201). The groups were similar in age (mean=65 years), gender (75% men), and baseline FEV1 (mean=1.08±0.37l [40±12% predicted]). Relative to placebo, both active drugs improved morning pre-drug, peak and average FEV1 and FVC throughout the trial. However, from day 1 to 169, salmeterol was associated with a higher decline in average FEV1 and FVC (0–12h) (difference from placebo: −36 and −115ml, PPP1 (−12ml) were observed with salmeterol. Tiotropium was associated with further improvements in spirometry from days 1 to 15 and no evidence of tolerance from day 15 to the end of the trial. In conclusion, tolerance to pharmacologic bronchodilation occurs with long-acting beta-agonists such as salmeterol and not with inhaled anticholinergics.
Fighting Fire with Fire: Using Antidote Data to Improve Polarization and Fairness of Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Rastegarpanah, Bashir
name: Gummadi, Krishna P.
name: Crovella, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasing role of recommender systems in many aspects of society makes it essential to consider how such systems may impact social good. Various modifications to recommendation algorithms have been proposed to improve their performance for specific socially relevant measures. However, previous proposals are often not easily adapted to different measures, and they generally require the ability to modify either existing system inputs, the system's algorithm, or the system's outputs. As an alternative, in this paper we introduce the idea of improving the social desirability of recommender system outputs by adding more data to the input, an approach we view as providing `antidote' data to the system. We formalize the antidote data problem, and develop optimization-based solutions. We take as our model system the matrix factorization approach to recommendation, and we propose a set of measures to capture the polarization or fairness of recommendations. We then show how to generate antidote data for each measure, pointing out a number of computational efficiencies, and discuss the impact on overall system accuracy. Our experiments show that a modest budget for antidote data can lead to significant improvements in the polarization or fairness of recommendations.
description: References to appendices are fixed
Quasiclassical Green's function approach to mesoscopic superconductivity
Creators: name: Belzig, Wolfgang
name: Wilhelm, Frank K.
name: Bruder, Christoph
name: Schön, Gerd
name: Zaikin, Andrei D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments on mesoscopic normal-metal--superconductor heterostructures resolve properties on length scales and at low temperatures such that the temperature is below the Thouless energy $k_B T \le E_{Th}$. We describe the properties of these systems within the framework of quasiclassical many-body techniques. Diffusive and ballistic systems are covered, both in equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations. Thereby we demonstrate the common physical basis of various subtopics.
description: 38 pages, LaTeX, sup.sty-style file included, to appear in Superlattices and Microstructures; several minor changes and corrections of typographical errors, two updated figures
Spin Maser under Stationary Pumping
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Yukalova, E. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin dynamics of a polarized spin system is studied when the latter is coupled with a resonant electric circuit and is under the action of an external pumping supporting a stationary nonequilibrium magnetization. A complete classification of possible regimes of spin motion is given. In addition to seven regimes considered earlier, two other transient regimes are found and thoroughly described: One is an oscillatory regime, when spins always move coherently but the degree of coherence fluctuates with time. Another is a pulsing regime, when spins reveal coherent motion during short pulses separated from each other by intervals of incoherent motion. These regimes are, in principle, transient, although may be extremely long lasting; their duration may be several orders longer than the transverse relaxation time and twice longer than the longitudinal relaxation time. Both transient regimes end with a coherent quasistationary regime.
description: 1 file, 17 pages, LaTex, no figures
Effects of arformoterol twice daily, tiotropium once daily, and their combination in patients with COPD
Creators: name: Huang, H.
name: Schaefer, K.
name: Tashkin, D.P.
name: Hanrahan, J.P.
name: Donohue, J.F.
name: Andrews, W.T.
name: Goodwin, E.
name: Mahler, D.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Current guidelines support using in combination more than one class of long-acting bronchodilator for COPD patients whose symptoms are not controlled by mono-therapy. This 2-week, multi-center (34 sites), randomized, modified-blind, parallel group study evaluated the efficacy and safety of concomitant treatment with nebulized arformoterol (the formoterol(R,R)-isomer) BID and tiotropium DPI QD. COPD patients (mean FEV(1) 1.37L, 45.4% predicted) were randomized to receive mono-therapy (either arformoterol 15microg BID [n=76] or tiotropium 18microg QD [n=80]), or combined therapy (sequential dosing of arformoterol 15microg BID and tiotropium 18microg QD [n=78]). Changes in pulmonary function, dyspnea, and rescue levalbuterol use were evaluated, as were safety outcomes. Mean FEV(1)AUC(0-24) (the primary endpoint) improved similarly from baseline for arformoterol (0.10L) and tiotropium (0.08L) treatment groups and greater for the combined therapy group (0.22L; all p-values <0.005). Peak FEV(1), peak FVC, 24-h trough FEV(1), and inspiratory capacity also improved similarly for the mono-therapies and greatest for the combined therapy. Dyspnea (mean transition dyspnea index) improved similarly for arformoterol (+2.3) and tiotropium (+1.8) and greatest with combined therapy (+3.1; p-values <0.05). Levalbuterol use decreased for all treatment groups (range -1.8 to -2.5 actuations/day). All treatments had similar frequency of adverse events. In this study, the combination of nebulized arformoterol 15microg BID plus tiotropium 18microg DPI QD was the most effective in improving pulmonary function and disease symptoms. Mono-therapy improvement with arformoterol or tiotropium was similar. All three treatments were well tolerated.
Theory of Magnetic Anisotropy in III_{1-x}Mn_{x}V Ferromagnets
Creators: name: Abolfath, M.
name: Jungwirth, T.
name: Brum, J.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of magnetic anisotropy in ${\rm III}_{1-x}{\rm Mn}_{x}{\rm V}$ diluted magnetic semiconductors with carrier-induced ferromagnetism. The theory is based on four and six band envelope functions models for the valence band holes and a mean-field treatment of their exchange interactions with ${\rm Mn}^{++}$ ions. We find that easy-axis reorientations can occur as a function of temperature, carrier density $p$, and strain. The magnetic anisotropy in strain-free samples is predicted to have a $p^{5/3}$ hole-density dependence at small $p$, a $p^{-1}$ dependence at large $p$, and remarkably large values at intermediate densities. An explicit expression, valid at small $p$, is given for the uniaxial contribution to the magnetic anisotropy due to unrelaxed epitaxial growth lattice-matching strains. Results of our numerical simulations are in agreement with magnetic anisotropy measurements on samples with both compressive and tensile strains. We predict that decreasing the hole density in current samples will lower the ferromagnetic transition temperature, but will increase the magnetic anisotropy energy and the coercivity.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures
Additional file 1 of Epidemiology and treatment of Behçet’s disease in the USA: insights from the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Registry with a comparison with other published cohorts from endemic regions
Creators: name: Hammam, Nevin
name: Li, Jing
name: Evans, Michael
name: Kay, Julia L.
name: Izadi, Zara
name: Anastasiou, Christine
name: Gianfrancesco, Milena A.
name: Yazdany, Jinoos
name: Schmajuk, Gabriela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1:. Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics of patients with BD compared with all patients in the RISE registry.
On the Free-Energy of Three-Dimensional CFTs and Polylogarithms
Creators: name: Petkou, A. C.
name: Neto, M. B. Silva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the O(N) vector model and the U(N) Gross-Neveu model with fixed total fermion number, in three dimensions. Using non-trivial polylogarithmic identities, we calculate the large-N renormalized free-energy density of these models, at their conformal points in a ``slab'' geometry with one finite dimension of length L. We comment on the possible implications of our results.
description: Latex, 13 pages, 2 eps figures; v2 typos corrected; v3 Expanded discussion of the results, added references
Examples of stable exponential cosmological solutions with three factor spaces in EGB model with a $Λ$-term
Creators: name: Ernazarov, K. K.
name: Ivashchuk, V. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We deal with Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model in dimension $D$ with a $Λ$-term. We obtain three stable cosmological solutions with exponential behavior (in time) of three scale factors corresponding to subspaces of dimensions $(l_0,l_1,l_2) = (3, 4, 4), (3, 3, 2), (3, 4, 3)$ and $D = 12, 9, 11$, respectively. Any solution may describe an exponential expansion of $3$-dimensional subspace governed by Hubble parameter $H$. Two of them may also describe a small enough variation of the effective gravitational constant $G$ (in Jordan frame) for certain values of $Λ$.
description: 9 pages, Latex, certain editing of the text (mainly in Abstract, Introduction and Conclusions) is done; few phrases and words are deleted; one reference is added
Interactive molecular dynamics in virtual reality from quantum chemistry to drug binding: An open-source multi-person framework
Creators: name: O'Connor, Michael
name: Bennie, Simon J.
name: Deeks, Helen M.
name: Jamieson-Binnie, Alexander
name: Jones, Alex J.
name: Shannon, Robin J.
name: Walters, Rebecca
name: Mitchell, Thomas J.
name: Mulholland, Adrian J.
name: Glowacki, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As molecular scientists have made progress in their ability to engineer nano-scale molecular structure, we are facing new challenges in our ability to engineer molecular dynamics (MD) and flexibility. Dynamics at the molecular scale differs from the familiar mechanics of everyday objects, because it involves a complicated, highly correlated, and three-dimensional many-body dynamical choreography which is often non-intuitive even for highly trained researchers. We recently described how interactive molecular dynamics in virtual reality (iMD-VR) can help to meet this challenge, enabling researchers to manipulate real-time MD simulations of flexible structures in 3D. In this article, we outline efforts to extend immersive technologies to the molecular sciences, and we introduce 'Narupa', a flexible, open-source, multi-person iMD-VR software framework which enables groups of researchers to simultaneously cohabit real-time simulation environments to interactively visualize and manipulate the dynamics of molecular structures with atomic-level precision. We outline several application domains where iMD-VR is facilitating research, communication, and creative approaches within the molecular sciences, including training machines to learn reactive potential energy surfaces (PESs), biomolecular conformational sampling, protein-ligand binding, reaction discovery using 'on-the-fly' quantum chemistry, and transport dynamics in materials. We touch on iMD-VR's various cognitive and perceptual affordances, and how these provide research insight for molecular systems. By synergistically combining human spatial reasoning and design insight with computational automation, technologies like iMD-VR have the potential to improve our ability to understand, engineer, and communicate microscopic dynamical behavior, offering the potential to usher in a new paradigm for engineering molecules and nano-architectures.
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) orientalis subsp. javaecola Balthasar 1959
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Onthophagus
Onthophagus orientalis
Onthophagus (onthophagus) orientalis javaecola balthasar, 1959

description: Onthophagus (Onthophagus) orientalis javaecola Balthasar, 1959
 Onthophagus (s. str.) orientalis ssp. javaecola Balthasar, 1959
The holotype is deposited in NMPC (ex coll. V. Balthasar):
HOLOTYPE (J): ‘Java [p] occ. [hw] // Onth. orientalis / ssp. javaecola / n. Balth. [hw] / Holotypus [p, violet label]’.
 Current status. Onthophagus (Onthophagus) javaecola Balthasar, 1959, see MASUMOTO (1989).
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš & Hájek, Jiří, 2013, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 387-442 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1) on pages 415-416, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5739743
Transition from spot to faculae domination -- An alternate explanation for the dearth of intermediate \textit{Kepler} rotation periods
Creators: name: Reinhold, T.
name: Bell, K. J.
name: Kuszlewicz, J.
name: Hekker, S.
name: Shapiro, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of stellar activity cycles is crucial to understand the underlying dynamo and how it causes activity signatures such as dark spots and bright faculae. We study the appearance of activity signatures in contemporaneous photometric and chromospheric time series. Lomb-Scargle periodograms are used to search for cycle periods present in both time series. To emphasize the signature of the activity cycle we account for rotation-induced scatter in both data sets by fitting a quasi-periodic Gaussian process model to each observing season. After subtracting the rotational variability, cycle amplitudes and the phase difference between the two time series are obtained by fitting both time series simultaneously using the same cycle period. We find cycle periods in 27 of the 30 stars in our sample. The phase difference between the two time series reveals that the variability in fast rotating active stars is usually in anti-phase, while the variability of slowly rotating inactive stars is in phase. The photometric cycle amplitudes are on average six times larger for the active stars. The phase and amplitude information demonstrates that active stars are dominated by dark spots, whereas less active stars are dominated by bright faculae. We find the transition from spot to faculae domination at the Vaughan-Preston gap, and around a Rossby number equal to one. We conclude that faculae are the dominant ingredient of stellar activity cycles at ages >2.55 Gyr. The data further suggest that the Vaughan-Preston gap can not explain the previously detected dearth of Kepler rotation periods between 15-25 days. Nevertheless, our results led us to propose an explanation for the rotation period dearth to be due to the non-detection of periodicity caused by the cancellation of dark spots and bright faculae at 800 Myr.
description: 12+15 pages, 10+2 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Gendered Perspectives on Smallholder Cattle Production and Health Management in Three Sites in Tanzania
Creators: name: Alessandra, Galie
name: Distefano, Francesca
name: Kangogo, Daniel
name: Mattioli, Raffaele C.
name: Wieland, Barbara
name: Blatenweck, Isabelle
name: Alessandra, Galie
name: Distefano, Francesca
name: Kangogo, Daniel
name: Mattioli, Raffaele C.
name: Wieland, Barbara
name: Blatenweck, Isabelle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Animal health
subject: Tanzania
subject: gender
subject: food security
subject: dairy
subject: livestock

description: Dairy farming offers opportunities to address poverty and food security among small-scale livestock keepers in Tanzania, particularly rural women. Animal health problems greatly hinder dairy farming in the country, making animal health interventions critical for achieving food security. Limited gender research has been undertaken on animal health and in relation to food security in rural households. Based on six focus group discussions, twelve individual interviews and a literature review, this study provides a gender analysis of animal health in small-scale dairy farming and the food security implications in three villages of Tanzania. The findings show that both women and men respondents were involved in animal health management and had similar knowledge of diseases. They also show how animal diseases impact the food security of women in particular. Yet, women were found to face more constraints than men in accessing vet services, information on diseases, and animal medicines. The article concludes by suggesting possible ways of minimizing gender disparities in animal health management.
Temperature Structure in the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks: Inefficient Accretion Heating Controlled by Nonideal Magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Mori, Shoji
name: Bai, Xue-Ning
name: Okuzumi, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gas temperature in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is determined by a combination of irradiation heating and accretion heating, with the latter conventionally attributed to turbulent dissipation. However, recent studies have suggested that the inner disk (a few AU) is largely laminar, with accretion primarily driven by magnetized disk winds, as a result of nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects from weakly ionized gas, suggesting an alternative heating mechanism by Joule dissipation. We perform local stratified MHD simulations including all three nonideal MHD effects (ohmic, Hall, and ambipolar diffusion) and investigate the role of Joule heating and the resulting disk vertical temperature profiles. We find that in the inner disk, as ohmic and ambipolar diffusion strongly suppress electrical current around the midplane, Joule heating primarily occurs at several scale heights above the midplane, making the midplane temperature much lower than that with the conventional viscous heating model. Including the Hall effect, Joule heating is enhanced/reduced when the magnetic fields threading the disks are aligned/anti-aligned with the disk rotation, but it is overall ineffective. Our results further suggest that the midplane temperature in the inner PPDs is almost entirely determined by irradiation heating, unless viscous heating can trigger thermal ionization in the disk innermost region to self-sustain magnetorotational instability turbulence.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures; matches the published version
Dose counter performance of mometasone furoate/formoterol inhalers in subjects with asthma or COPD
Creators: name: Staudinger, Heribert
name: Amar, Niran J.
name: Scott, Ian
name: Weinstein, Cindy
name: LaForce, Craig
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BACKGROUND: Consistent delivery of medication to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is critical for disease control. Dose tracking may eliminate the possibility of sub-therapeutic dosing. This study evaluated the overall performance, including accuracy and ruggedness, of the mometasone furoate/formoterol (MF/F) metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with an integrated numerical dose-counting mechanism in adolescent and adult subjects (aged ≥ 12 y) with persistent asthma or COPD.

METHODS: In a phase III, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study, subjects demonstrating at least 90% compliance with MF/F during the screening period received twice daily MF/F MDI 100/10 μg with the integrated dose counter for 4 weeks. Accuracy and ruggedness of the dose counter were assessed by the overall discrepancy rate of subject-recorded actuations versus subject-recorded dose counter readings. Discrepancy rates for Counterstrip™, a manual counting method, were evaluated for reference. Compliance and ergonomic safety were also assessed.

RESULTS: The 233 subjects who used ≥ 90% of labeled actuations were included in the primary analysis. Of 26,317 total actuations, 33 dose counter discrepancies occurred (rate = 0.13/100 actuations), of which 13 were due to undercounting. In comparison, the Counterstrip discrepancy rate was 10-fold higher (1.34/100 actuations). Compliance with medication use, Counterstrip use, and e-diary recordings were all high (>98%). No new repetitive strain injuries or exacerbations of preexisting ergonomic injuries of the finger, hand, or arm were reported.

CONCLUSIONS: The MF/F MDI dose counter was accurate and rugged in subjects with asthma or COPD. No new repetitive strain injuries or exacerbations of existing ergonomic injuries were associated with inhaler use.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier = NCT00604500.
Skin-blanching is associated with FEV1, allergy, age and gender in asthma families
Creators: name: Koppelman, Gerard H.
name: Vonk, Judith M.
name: van den Berge, Maarten
name: Jongepier, Hajo
name: Lange, Leslie A.
name: Telenga, Eef D.
name: Postma, Dirkje S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BACKGROUND: Inhaled glucocorticosteroids reduce airway inflammation in asthma patients, thereby improving lung function and reducing airway hyperresponsiveness and symptoms. The response to glucocorticosteroids can be measured with the glucocorticosteroid skin-blanching test. We investigated if asthmatics have a lower skin-blanching response to glucocorticosteroids than non-asthmatic subjects and if asthmatics with airway obstruction have lower skin-blanching response than those without obstruction. Finally, we assessed which clinical and inflammatory parameters influence the variability in skin-blanching response.

METHODS: We evaluated the skin-blanching response to topical budesonide in a large group of 315 well-characterized asthmatics and their relatives (asthma n = 114, healthy n = 140, other = 61).

RESULTS: The skin-blanching scores of the asthma probands and their healthy spouses were not significantly different. The skin-blanching score of patients with FEV(1) < 80% predicted was lower than of patients without obstruction. Lower skin-blanching score was significantly associated with lower FEV(1) %predicted, higher age, female gender, absence of allergy and summer season, but not with use of inhaled or oral glucocorticosteroids or packyears smoking.

CONCLUSIONS: Asthmatics do not have lower skin-blanching response to glucocorticosteroids than healthy subjects. Furthermore, lower skin-blanching response to glucocorticosteroids is associated with lower FEV(1), female gender, higher age and the absence of allergy.
Modeling adaptive behaviors in Context UNITY
Creators: name: Payton, Jamie
name: Julien, Christine
name: Roman, Gruia-Catalin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Context-aware computing refers to a paradigm in which applications sense aspects of the environment and use this information to adjust their behavior in response to changing circumstances. In this paper, we present a formal model and notation (Context UNITY) for expressing quintessential aspects of context-aware computations; existential quantification, for instance, proves to be highly effective in capturing the notion of discovery in open systems. Furthermore, Context UNITY treats context in a manner that is relative to the specific needs of an individual application and promotes an approach to context maintenance that is transparent to the application. In this paper, we construct the model from first principles, introduce its proof logic, and demonstrate how the model can be used as an effective abstraction tool for context-aware applications and middleware.
title: Biochemical Analysis of Human Seminal Plasma
Creators: name: Ayub, Jamshed
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1992

description: Presently there is no single biochemical criterion for differentiating between a potentially fertile male and an infertile male. However, for evaluating male fertility the biochemical analysis of seminal plasma is a very convenient and quantitative technique if it is combined with careful clinical examination.

In seminal plasma analysis, fructose and proteins are chemical indicators of seminal vesicle activity, citric acid and acid phosphatase indicate prostate function while glycerolphosphorylcholine indicates epididymis activity. In this research these five indicators are studied and an attempt is made to establish their normal ranges.

This study shows that the data obtained from the seminal plasma analysis is comparable to that reported by other authors. The normal ranges from this study can be used for studying apparently abnormal or infertile males.
Superconducting Fluctuations and the Pseudogap in the Slightly-overdoped High-Tc Superconductor TlSr2CaCu2O6.8: High Magnetic Field NMR Studies
Creators: name: Zheng, Guo-qing
name: Ozaki, H.
name: Clark, W. G.
name: Kitaoka, Y.
name: Kuhns, P.
name: Reyes, A. P.
name: Moulton, W. G.
name: Kondo, T.
name: Shimakawa, Y.
name: Kubo, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From measurements of the ^{63}Cu Knight shift (K) and the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T_{1}) under magnetic fields from zero up to 28 T in the slightly overdoped superconductor TlSr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{6.8} (T_{c}=68 K), we find that the pseudogap behavior, {\em i.e.}, the reductions of 1/T_{1}T and K above T_{c} from the values expected from the normal state at high T, is strongly field dependent and follows a scaling relation. We show that this scaling is consistent with the effects of the Cooper pair density fluctuations. The present finding contrasts sharply with the pseudogap property reported previously in the underdoped regime where no field effect was seen up to 23.2 T. The implications are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 4 GIF figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir Plus Ribavirin for Treatment of HCV Infection in Patients With Advanced Liver Disease
Creators: name: Terrault, Norah
name: McHutchison, John G.
name: Gilroy, Richard
name: Flamm, Steve
name: Pungpapong, Surakit
name: Afdhal, Nezam
name: Kwo, Paul
name: Sulkowski, Mark S.
name: Fontana, Robert J.
name: Schiff, Eugene
name: Denning, Jill
name: Fried, Michael
name: Lake, John
name: Arterburn, Sarah
name: Kowdley, Kris
name: Brandt-Sarif, Theo
name: Dvory-Sobol, Hadas
name: Korenblat, Kevin M.
name: Pang, Phillip S.
name: Watt, Kymberly D.
name: Muir, Andrew J.
name: Brown, Robert S.
name: Kuo, Alexander
name: Reddy, K. Rajender
name: Charlton, Michael
name: Landis, Charles
name: Afdhal, Nezam
name: Brown, Kimberly
name: Kwo, Paul
name: Kumar, Princy
name: Teperman, Lewis
name: Schiff, Eugene
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BACKGROUND & AIMS: There are no effective and safe treatments for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of patients who have advanced liver disease.

METHODS: In this phase 2, open-label study, we assessed treatment with the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir, the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir, and ribavirin in patients infected with HCV genotypes 1 or 4. Cohort A enrolled patients with cirrhosis and moderate or severe hepatic impairment who had not undergone liver transplantation. Cohort B enrolled patients who had undergone liver transplantation: those without cirrhosis; those with cirrhosis and mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment; and those with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. Patients were assigned randomly (1:1) to receive 12 or 24 weeks of a fixed-dose combination tablet containing ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, once daily, plus ribavirin. The primary end point was sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12).

RESULTS: We enrolled 337 patients, 332 (99%) with HCV genotype 1 infection and 5 (1%) with HCV genotype 4 infection. In cohort A (nontransplant), SVR12 was achieved by 86%-89% of patients. In cohort B (transplant recipients), SVR12 was achieved by 96%-98% of patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, by 85%-88% of patients with moderate hepatic impairment, by 60%-75% of patients with severe hepatic impairment, and by all 6 patients with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. Response rates in the 12- and 24-week groups were similar. Thirteen patients (4%) discontinued the ledipasvir and sofosbuvir combination prematurely because of adverse events; 10 patients died, mainly from complications related to hepatic decompensation.

CONCLUSION: The combination of ledipasvir, sofosbuvir, and ribavirin for 12 weeks produced high rates of SVR12 in patients with advanced liver disease, including those with decompensated cirrhosis before and after liver transplantation. ClinTrials.gov: NCT01938430.
Exceptional points and spectral singularities in active epsilon-near-zero plasmonic waveguides
Creators: name: Li, Ying
name: Argyropoulos, Christos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a nanoscale active plasmonic waveguide system consisting of an array of periodic slits that can exhibit exceptional points and spectral singularities leading to several novel functionalities. The proposed symmetric active system operates near its cut-off wavelength and behaves as an effective epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) medium. We demonstrate the formation of an exceptional point (EP) that is accessed with very low gain coefficient values, a unique feature of the proposed nanoscale symmetric plasmonic configuration. Reflectionless ENZ transmission and perfect loss-compensation are realized at the EP which coincides with the effective ENZ resonance wavelength of the proposed array of active plasmonic waveguides. When we further increase the gain coefficient of the dielectric material loaded in the slits, a spectral singularity occurs at the ENZ resonance leading to super scattering (lasing) response at both forward and backward directions. These interesting effects are achieved by materials characterized by very small gain coefficients with practical values and at subwavelength scales due to the strong and homogeneous field enhancement inside the active slits at the ENZ resonance leading to enhanced light-matter interaction. We theoretically analyze the obtained EP, as well as the divergent spectral singularity, using a transmission-line model and investigate the addition of a second incident wave and nonlinearities in the response of the proposed active ENZ plasmonic system. Our findings provide a novel route towards interesting nanophotonic applications, such as reflectionless active ENZ media, unidirectional coherent perfect absorbers, nanolasers, and strong optical bistability and all-optical switching nanodevices.
ESP v2.0: enhanced method for exploring emission impacts of future scenarios in the United States – addressing spatial allocation
Creators: name: Adelman, Z.
name: Nolte, C. G.
name: Yang, D.
name: Ran, L.
name: Baek, B.H.
name: Loughlin, D.H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The Emission Scenario Projection (ESP) method produces future-year air pollutant emissions for mesoscale air quality modeling applications. We present ESP v2.0, which expands upon ESP v1.0 by spatially allocating future-year emissions to account for projected population and land use changes. In ESP v2.0, US Census Division-level emission growth factors are developed using an energy system model. Regional factors for population-related emissions are spatially disaggregated to the county level using population growth and migration projections. The county-level growth factors are then applied to grow a base-year emission inventory to the future. Spatial surrogates are updated to account for future population and land use changes, and these surrogates are used to map projected county-level emissions to a modeling grid for use within an air quality model. We evaluate ESP v2.0 by comparing US 12 km emissions for 2005 with projections for 2050. We also evaluate the individual and combined effects of county-level disaggregation and of updating spatial surrogates. Results suggest that the common practice of modeling future emissions without considering spatial redistribution over-predicts emissions in the urban core and under-predicts emissions in suburban and exurban areas. In addition to improving multi-decadal emission projections, a strength of ESP v2.0 is that it can be applied to assess the emissions and air quality implications of alternative energy, population and land use scenarios.
Technical challenges and solutions in representing lakes when using WRF in downscaling applications
Creators: name: Nolte, C. G.
name: Spero, T. L.
name: Bowden, J. H.
name: Gula, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is commonly used to make high-resolution future projections of regional climate by downscaling global climate model (GCM) outputs. Because the GCM fields are typically at a much coarser spatial resolution than the target regional downscaled fields, lakes are often poorly resolved in the driving global fields, if they are resolved at all. In such an application, using WRF's default interpolation methods can result in unrealistic lake temperatures and ice cover at inland water points. Prior studies have shown that lake temperatures and ice cover impact the simulation of other surface variables, such as air temperatures and precipitation, two fields that are often used in regional climate applications to understand the impacts of climate change on human health and the environment. Here, alternative methods for setting lake surface variables in WRF for downscaling simulations are presented and contrasted.
Additional file 5: of Gsslasso Cox: a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting survival and detecting associated genes by incorporating pathway information
Creators: name: Zaixiang Tang
name: Shufeng Lei
name: Xinyan Zhang
name: Zixuan Yi
name: Boyi Guo
name: Chen, Jake
name: Yueping Shen
name: Nengjun Yi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S5. The parameter estimation averaged over 100 replicates for grMCP, grSCAD, and cMCP for Scenario 4. Blue cycles denote the simulated non-zero values. Black points and lines represent the estimated values and the interval estimates of coefficients. The main title of each plot denotes the varying the number of non-null group for Scenario 4. (PDF 783 kb)
Governing agriculture-forest landscapes to achieve climate change mitigation
Creators: name: Persha, L.
name: Wollenberg, E.
name: Agrawal, Arun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This introduction to the special section on “Governing Agriculture-Forest Landscapes to Achieve Climate Change Mitigation” reviews external interventions to improve forest conditions and reduce deforestation, and by extension, influence carbon storage in agriculture-forest landscapes. The review is based on a careful survey of 123 cases of project-based and policy interventions to influence land use and forest cover outcomes. We propose that outcomes of interventions can be explained in terms of rights, incentives, and technologies related to land use and apply this framework to examine 12 types of interventions in agriculture-forest landscapes. The analysis of the identified 123 cases raises concerns about consistency of data and comparability of cases. Our preliminary evidence suggests limited association between the stated objective of an intervention and its success. This evidence also suggests that smaller scale and effective enforcement may be positively associated with improved forest outcomes. But the effectiveness of interventions across different agriculture-forest landscapes varies and available evidence does not permit easy generalizations. The variable effects of interventions across different agriculture-forest landscapes point to the need to better understand the forms and functions of interventions and to problems associated with assessing their relative efficacy.
Magnetic Field Induced Phase Transitions in YBa2Cu4O8
Creators: name: Schneider, T.
name: Singer, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $c$-axis resistivity measurements in YBa_2Cu_4O_8 from Hussey et al. for magnetic field orientations along the c-axis as well as within the ab-plane are analyzed and interpreted using the scaling theory for static and dynamic classical critical phenomena. We identify a superconductor to normal conductor transition for both field orientations as well as a normal conductor to insulator transition at a critical field H_c||a with dynamical critical exponent z=1, leading to a multicritical point where superconducting, normal conducting and insulating phases coexist.
Pair production in differently polarized electric fields with frequency chirps
Creators: name: Olugh, Obulkasim
name: Li, Zi-Liang
name: Xie, Bai-Song
name: Alkofer, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron-positron pair production in strong electric fields, i.e., the Sauter-Schwinger effect, is studied using the real-time Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism. Hereby, the electric field is modeled to be a homogeneous, single-pulse field with subcritical peak field strength. Momentum spectra are calculated for four different polarizations - linear, elliptic, near-circular elliptic or circular - as well as a number of linear frequency chirps. With details depending on the chosen polarization the frequency chirps lead to strong interference effects and thus quite substantial changes in the momentum spectra. The resulting produced pairs' number densities depend non-linearly on the parameter characterizing the polarization and are very sensitive to variations of the chirp parameter. For some of the investigated frequency chirps this can provide an enhancement of the number density by three to four orders of magnitude.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 6: of Gsslasso Cox: a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting survival and detecting associated genes by incorporating pathway information
Creators: name: Zaixiang Tang
name: Shufeng Lei
name: Xinyan Zhang
name: Zixuan Yi
name: Boyi Guo
name: Chen, Jake
name: Yueping Shen
name: Nengjun Yi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S6. The parameter estimation averaged over 100 replicates for the group spike-and-slab lasso Cox (gsslasso), the lasso and grlasso methods for Scenario 5. Blue cycles denote the simulated non-zero values. Black points and lines represent the estimated values and the interval estimates of coefficients. The main title of each plot denotes the varying the number of non-null group for Scenario 5. (PDF 1054 kb)
Adult and Near-Adult Height in Patients with Severe Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Deficiency after Long-Term Therapy with Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I
Creators: name: Frane, James
name: Calikoglu, Ali S.
name: Backeljauw, Philippe F.
name: Kuntze, Joyce
name: Chernausek, Steven D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: BACKGROUND: Treatment with recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulates linear growth in children with severe IGF-I deficiency (IGFD).

AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with IGF-I in patients with severe IGFD treated until adult or near-adult height.

METHODS: Twenty-one children with severe IGFD were treated until adult or near-adult height under a predominantly open-label design. All patients were naive to IGF-I. Recombinant human IGF-I was administered subcutaneously in doses between 60 and 120 µg/kg twice daily. Nine patients received additional therapy with gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH) analog for a mean period of 2.9 ± 1.8 years.

RESULTS: Mean duration of treatment was 10.0 years. Mean height velocity increased from 3.1 cm/year prior to treatment to 7.4 cm/year during the first year of treatment. Height velocities during the subsequent years were lower, but remained above baseline for up to 12 years. Cumulative mean Δ height SD score at (near) adult height was +2. The observed mean gain in height was 13.4 cm more than had been expected without treatment. The adult height achieved by the patients also treated with GnRH analog was not different from those who received IGF-I therapy alone. There were no new safety signals identified in these patients, a subset of those previously reported.

CONCLUSION: Long-term therapy with IGF-I improves adult height of patients with severe IGFD. Most patients did not bring their heights into the normal adult range.