cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Combining Likert scale attitudinal statements with choice experiments to analyze pref-erence heterogeneity for functional dairy products
Creators: name: Bechtold, Kai-Brit
name: Abdulai, Awudu
name: Bechtold, Kai-Brit
name: Abdulai, Awudu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: functional food attributes
subject: choice experiments
subject: preference heterogeneity
subject: attitu-dinal statements
subject: willingness-to-pay

description: This study employs a discrete choice experiment to examine preferences for functional dairy product attributes and willingness-to-pay estimates with a focus on heterogeneity among con-sumers in Germany. The intent of this paper is to estimate preference heterogeneity by linking stated preference choice data not only to socioeconomic characteristics but also to attitudinal statements in a latent class framework. The empirical results indicate the existence of class-specific preference heterogeneity based on the consumers’ attitude towards functional foods emphasizing the importance of attitudinal data in explaining consumers’ choice behavior. Our estimates demonstrate that within a class consumers’ preferences are in accordance with their responses to attitudinal statements, that is functional food skeptics prefer non-functional dairy products, while functional food advocates have a negative preference for non-functional dairy products. The findings also show that all consumers place high value on dairy products en-riched with known functional ingredients such as omega-3 fatty acids. Finally, we find that different groups of consumers reveal differing preferences for the same set of health benefits.
Hidden hunger or knowledge hunger? Nutritional knowledge, diet diversity and micronutrient intake in Rwanda: The case of Vitamin A
Creators: name: Okello, Julius J.
name: Sindi, Kirimi
name: Low, Jan
name: Shikuku, Kelvin M.
name: Okello, Julius J.
name: Sindi, Kirimi
name: Low, Jan
name: Shikuku, Kelvin M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Rural households
subject: Nutritional knowledge
subject: diet diversity
subject: micronutrient intake
subject: Rwanda

description: The problem of hidden hunger has emerged as one of the major development issues alongside food security. This problem highlights the likelihood of households having access to inadequate amount of key micronutrients in a diet despite having access to adequate quantities of food. , This paper uses a recent detailed household consumption data to investigate households’ nutritional knowledge, the diversity of diets consumed, and the micronutrient uptake, focusing specifically on Vitamin A. The study finds high knowledge of Vitamin A but low understanding of the function of Vitamin A in human bodies. We find a disconnect between the knowledge of Vitamin A and diets consumed by the respondents. Further, the use of diet diversity scores (DDS) reveal a narrow range of foods consumed, with children age 6-23 months most affected. However, the predictions from DDS stand in stark contrast with actual consumption of Vitamin A rich foods. The study concludes that there is high awareness of Vitamin A and Vitamin A-rich foods among rural households although this knowledge does not directly translate into consumption Vitamin A rich foods. The study also concludes that care needs to be taken in using different measures of diet diversity to proxy micronutrient uptake. It discusses policy recommendations of these findings.
Assessment of the influence of attitude and benefit-risk perceptions on yield variability among smallholder peri-urban commercial kale farmers in Wangige, Kenya
Creators: name: Shikuku, Kelvin M.
name: Largerkvist, Carl Johan
name: Okello, Julius J.
name: Karanja, Nancy
name: Ackello-Ogutu, Chris
name: Shikuku, Kelvin M.
name: Largerkvist, Carl Johan
name: Okello, Julius J.
name: Karanja, Nancy
name: Ackello-Ogutu, Chris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Attitudes
subject: perception
subject: benefits
subject: risks
subject: peri-urban farmers

description: Declining soil fertility largely explains the gap between actual and potential yield among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the relationship between yield variability in smallholder commercial kale (Brasica oleracea) production in Kenya and farmers’ attitudes for integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) as well as the relationship to a domain-specific risk-benefit preference scale. Data was collected from 125 peri-urban commercial kale farmers through personal interviews conducted by trained enumerators using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results of ordinary least squares regression indicate that farmers with strong attitudes in favour of ISFM experience decreased variability in yields. A significant negative relationship was observed between farmers expectation of benefits associated with soil fertility management technologies and yield variability. Farmers’ risk perception associated with the use of nonconventional soil fertility management practices, particularly the use of human faecal manure, increase variability in yields. However, risk perception associated with the use of conventional soil fertility management practices including application of animal manure, chemical fertilizers, crop rotation and use of crop residues significantly reduce yield variability. Individual farmers base their choice of ISFM practices on their assessment of both risks and benefits. It is argued, therefore, that in order to scale-up adoption of ISFM, policy should focus on increasing farmers’ access to information on the benefits associated with the practices while improving farmers’ perceptions of the risks associated with the use of non-conventional technologies such as human faecal manure by addressing farmers’ health concerns.
Commercialization of Under-Utilized Plant Species in Zimbabwe: The Case of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) in Mutoko District
Creators: name: Mujeyi, Kingstone
name: Chamunorwa-Mujeyi, Angeline
name: Mujeyi, Kingstone
name: Chamunorwa-Mujeyi, Angeline
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Socio-economic
subject: Jatropha
subject: commercialization
subject: Logit
subject: Tobit

description: Jatropha curcas L. (or physic nut), a previously underutilized tree species in smallholder farming systems, is fast gaining formal recognition as a very important tree crop in improving rural livelihoods. The Government of Zimbabwe is vigorously promoting the growing of Jatropha in marginal areas for bio-diesel production to save the country foreign currency in fuel imports. A study was carried out in 12 out of 19 wards of Mutoko district in 2007 to analyze the socio-economics of Jatropha commercial utilization by smallholder farmers in marginal areas as a livelihood improvement strategy. The analysis involved categorizing farming households according to socio-economic characteristics and finding the effects they have on commercial utilization of Jatropha. The study employed binary logistic (Logit) and Tobit regression analyses in meeting the research objectives. Size of landholding, household’s wealth status and perception about the price were the socio-economic factors found to be significant in influencing decision by households to adopt (or not adopt) commercial utilization of Jatropha. The concludes by recommending that For successful Jatropha commercialization to be realized and the smallholder farmers’ livelihoods improved, there is need for the government to put in place a complete package of incentives that will stimulate optimal exploitation of the Jatropha plant, including adjusting the selling price to viable levels.
Wrapped Branes and Compact Extra Dimensions in Cosmology
Creators: name: Kaya, Ali
name: Rador, Tonguc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a cosmological model in 1+m+p dimensions, where in m-dimensional space there are uniformly distributed p-branes wrapping over the extra p-dimensions. We find that during cosmological evolution m-dimensional space expands with the exact power-law corresponding to pressureless matter while the extra p-dimensions contract. Adding matter, we also obtain solutions having the same property. We show that this might explain in a natural way why the extra dimensions are small compared to the observed three spatial directions.
description: 6 pages, RevTex4, added a figure, section IV rewritten, conclusions unaltered
Sensitivity of the IceCube Detector to Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Muon Neutrinos
Creators: name: The IceCube Collaboration
name: Ahrens, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a Monte-Carlo study of the sensitivity of the planned IceCube detector to predicted fluxes of muon neutrinos at TeV to PeV energies. A complete simulation of the detector and data analysis is used to study the detector's capability to search for muon neutrinos from sources such as active galaxies and gamma-ray bursts. We study the effective area and the angular resolution of the detector as a function of muon energy and angle of incidence. We present detailed calculations of the sensitivity of the detector to both diffuse and pointlike neutrino emissions, including an assessment of the sensitivity to neutrinos detected in coincidence with gamma-ray burst observations. After three years of datataking, IceCube will have been able to detect a point source flux of E^2*dN/dE = 7*10^-9 cm^-2s^-1GeV at a 5-sigma significance, or, in the absence of a signal, place a 90% c.l. limit at a level E^2*dN/dE = 2*10^-9 cm^-2s^-1GeV. A diffuse E-2 flux would be detectable at a minimum strength of E^2*dN/dE = 1*10^-8 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1GeV. A gamma-ray burst model following the formulation of Waxman and Bahcall would result in a 5-sigma effect after the observation of 200 bursts in coincidence with satellite observations of the gamma-rays.
description: 33 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables
Viability Analysis of Smallholder Cotton Production under Contract Farming in Zimbabwe
Creators: name: Mujeyi, Kingstone
name: Mujeyi, Kingstone
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Seed cotton
subject: contract farming
subject: profitability
subject: smallholder farmers

description: The prevalence of contract farming in the cotton industry of Zimbabwe implies that it has become the dominant marketing system. Even the “free” (independently produced) cotton is eventually sold to the contracting cotton merchants owing to enacted regulations which compel all prospective cotton buyers to finance production through contract farming to be licensed to purchase seed cotton from farmers. However, the prevailing seed cotton marketing system is riddled with pricing related challenges characterised by price negotiation impasses that recur every marketing season, prompting Government intervention in a supposedly free market system. While farmers accuse cotton merchants of colluding in undertaking unfair pricing practices, the merchants blame it all on the farmers for failure to increase yield levels to international standards. This study seeks to conduct a comparative price analysis using secondary data, to identify farm-level profit margins for contracted and non-contracted seed cotton and explore the impact of different contract structures on farmer profit. Results of this study show that a non-contracted farmer realises better returns than a contracted farmer due to savings made from procurement of interest-free and cheaper inputs. Alternative options, though few, are available for the non-contracted farmer to minimise production costs unlike the contracted farmers. However, contracted farmers have guaranteed markets and less hassles in inputs sourcing. All things being equal, it would be advisable for farmers to produce their cotton independently and realise higher returns.
Additional file 4 of The conceptualisation and operationalisation of ‘marketing’ in public health research: a review of reviews focused on food marketing using principles from critical interpretive synthesis
Creators: name: Forde, Hannah
name: Chavez-Ugalde, Yanaina
name: Jones, Rebecca A
name: Garrott, Kate
name: Kotta, Prasanti Alekhya
name: Greaves, Felix
name: Targett, Victoria
name: White, Martin
name: Adams, Jean
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 4
A history of the development of mathematics teaching in England from before the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century
Creators: name: Allen, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A history of the development of mathematics teaching in England from before the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century
Measurement of neutron and proton analyzing powers on $C$, $CH$, $CH_2$ and $Cu$ targets in the momentum region 3-4.2 GeV/c
Creators: name: Basilev, S. N.
name: Bushuev, Yu. P.
name: Gavrishchuk, O. P.
name: Glagolev, V. V.
name: Kirillov, D. A.
name: Kostayeva, N. V.
name: Kovalenko, A. D.
name: Legostaeva, K. S.
name: Livanov, A. N.
name: Philippov, I. A.
name: Piskunov, N. M.
name: Povtoreiko, A. A.
name: Rukoyatkin, P. A.
name: Shindin, R. A.
name: Shipunov, A. V.
name: Shutov, A. V.
name: Sitnik, I. M.
name: Slepnev, V. M.
name: Slepnev, I. V.
name: Terletskiy, A. V.
name: Hamilton, K.
name: Montgomery, R.
name: Annand, J. R. M.
name: Marchand, D.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Tomasi-Gustafsson, E.
name: Perdrisat, C. F.
name: Punjabi, V.
name: Martinska, G.
name: Urban, J.
name: Mušinsky, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analyzing powers for proton elastic scattering ($\vec p A\to pX$) and neutron charge exchange ($\vec n A\to p X$) reactions on nuclei have been measured on $ C$, $CH$, $CH_2$ and $Cu$ targets at incident neutron momenta 3.0 - 4.2 GeV/c by detecting one charged particle in forward direction. The polarized neutron measurements are the first of their kind. The experiment was performed using the Nuclotron accelerator in JINR Dubna, where polarized neutrons and protons were obtained from breakup of a polarized deuteron beam which has a maximum momentum of 13 GeV/c. The polarimeter ALPOM2 was used to obtain the analyzing power dependence on the transverse momentum of the final-state nucleon. These data have been used to estimate the figure of merit of a proposed experiment at Jefferson Laboratory to measure the recoiling neutron polarization in the quasi-elastic $^2H(\vec e,e'\vec n)$ reaction, which yields information on the charge and magnetic elastic form factors of the neutron.
description: 14 pages and 19 figures
Galactic Halos of Fluid Dark Matter
Creators: name: Arbey, Alexandre
name: Lesgourgues, Julien
name: Salati, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dwarf spiral galaxies - and in particular the prototypical DDO 154 - are known to be completely dominated by an unseen component. The putative neutralinos - so far the favored explanation for the astronomical dark matter - fail to reproduce the well measured rotation curves of those systems because these species tend to form a central cusp whose presence is not supported by observation. We have considered here a self-coupled charged scalar field as an alternative to neutralinos and investigated whether a Bose condensate of that field could account for the dark matter inside DDO 154 and more generally inside dwarf spirals. The size of the condensate turns out to be precisely determined by the scalar mass m and self-coupling lambda of the field. We find actually that for m^4 / lambda = 50 - 75 eV^4, the agreement with the measurements of the circular speed of DDO 154 is impressive whereas it lessens for larger systems. The cosmological behavior of the field is also found to be consistent - yet marginally - with the limits set by BBN on the effective number of neutrino families. We conclude that classical configurations of a scalar and self-coupled field provide a possible solution to the astronomical dark matter problem and we suggest further directions of research.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures; one reference added, version to be published in PRD
Additional file 5 of The conceptualisation and operationalisation of ‘marketing’ in public health research: a review of reviews focused on food marketing using principles from critical interpretive synthesis
Creators: name: Forde, Hannah
name: Chavez-Ugalde, Yanaina
name: Jones, Rebecca A
name: Garrott, Kate
name: Kotta, Prasanti Alekhya
name: Greaves, Felix
name: Targett, Victoria
name: White, Martin
name: Adams, Jean
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 5
Who Benefits More From Nerica Varieties? Gender Differential Impact on Yield and Income in Benin
Creators: name: Kinkingninhoun-Medagbe, Florent M.
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Agboh-Noameshie, Afiavi R.
name: Lokossou, J. C.
name: Kinkingninhoun-Medagbe, Florent M.
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Agboh-Noameshie, Afiavi R.
name: Lokossou, J. C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Impact
subject: gender
subject: LATE
subject: productivity
subject: Income
subject: NERICA
subject: Rice
subject: Benin

description: The NERICA varieties are modern rice varieties developed by AfricaRice which won its creator Monty Jones the 2004 World Food Prize. They are widely believed to offer hope for Africa’s Green Revolution because of their ability to grow under multiple stresses as well as their high response rate to inorganic fertilizers and other inputs. This paper examines the gender differential impact of NERICA adoption on the yield and farmers’ household annual income using data from 342 rice farmers from Benin. It applies the potential outcomes framework to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of NERICA adoption on farmers’ rice yield and households’ income. Evidence from the results shows that NERICA adoption has positive and significant impact on farmers’ yield and per capita annual households’ income. The impacts of NERICA adoption are not homogeneous across farmer gender and geographical area. The impact on rice yield is higher for female farmers potential adopters while the impact on per capita annual household income is higher for male farmers potential adopters. Concerning the geographical area, the impact on rice yield is higher for potential adopters from Central Benin while the impact on per capita annual household income is higher for potential adopters from Northern Benin. The findings suggest to impact assessment specialists to estimate not only the impact of technologies for the whole target population, but also for the different social groups inside the population. This will allow them to better understand the benefit of the technology to each group.
MOESM3 of The effectiveness of workplace nutrition and physical activity interventions in improving productivity, work performance and workability: a systematic review
Creators: name: Grimani, Aikaterini
name: Aboagye, Emmanuel
name: Kwak, Lydia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Risk of bias in included studies.
Attempts to Synthesize Cyclic Group 8 Metallaesters
Creators: name: Thompson, Douglas Kelvin
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1986
Subjects: Chemistry

description: In studying a proposed carbon monoxide reduction scheme
an attempt has been made to synthesize bifunctional group 8 transition metal carbonyl complexes containing intramolecular nucleophiles. The incorporation of alkoxide nucleophiles through cyclopentadienyl ligands was hoped to encourage attack on carbonyl ligands thereby forming cyclic metallaesters. The attempts to synthesize these substituted cyclopentadienyl group 8 transition metal complexes have thus far been unsuccessful.
Boundary charges in gauge theories: using Stokes theorem in the bulk
Creators: name: Barnich, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boundary charges in gauge theories (like the ADM mass in general relativity) can be understood as integrals of linear conserved n-2 forms of the free theory obtained by linearization around the background. These forms are associated one-to-one to reducibility parameters of this background (like the time-like Killing vector of Minkowski space-time). In this paper, closed n-2 forms in the full interacting theory are constructed in terms of a one parameter family of solutions to the full equations of motion that admits a reducibility parameter. These forms thus allow one to apply Stokes theorem without bulk contributions and, provided appropriate fall-off conditions are satisfied, they reduce asymptotically near the boundary to the conserved n-2 forms of the linearized theory. As an application, the first law of black hole mechanics in asymptotically anti-de Sitter space-times is derived.
description: 17 pages Latex file, improved presentation, main results unchanged, additional section on first law, additional references
MOESM1 of The effectiveness of workplace nutrition and physical activity interventions in improving productivity, work performance and workability: a systematic review
Creators: name: Grimani, Aikaterini
name: Aboagye, Emmanuel
name: Kwak, Lydia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy and form of eligibility criteria.
title: Forecasting and seismic detection of debris flows in pro-glacial rivers at Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA
Creators: name: Beason, Scott R.
name: Legg, Nicholas T.
name: Kenyon, Taylor R.
name: Jost, Robert P.
name: Kennard, Paul M.
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2019
Subjects: debris flows
outburst floods
hazard mitigation and monitoring
hazard forecasting
Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

description: The glaciated Mount Rainier volcano in Southwestern Washington State (USA) has a rich history of outburst floods and debris flows that have adversely impacted infrastructure at Mount Rainier National Park in the 20th and 21st century. Retreating glaciers leave behind vast amounts of unconsolidated till that is easily mobilized during high precipitation intensity fall storms and during outburst floods during warm summer months. At least 60 debris flows and outburst floods have been documented between 1926 and 2017 at Mount Rainier. Debris-flow activity has led to the closure of campgrounds and visitor destinations, which has limited visitor access to large swaths of the park. After a relative lull in activity between 2006 and 2014, the historically debris-flow-prone South Tahoma Glacier released two separate sequences of debris flows in 2015, possibly signaling a reawakening in activity. The August 13, 2015 debris flow was especially well documented by park visitors, seismographs and, most interestingly, a soundscape monitor which recorded an anomalous decrease in river noise prior to the arrival of the first debris flow. The seismograph near Tahoma Creek accurately recorded the passage of each debris-flow surge. Using the day of and historic antecedent weather conditions on past debris-flow days, we have developed a debris-flow hazard model to help predict those days with a higher relative hazard for debris-flow activity park-wide based on prevailing and forecasted weather conditions. Debris flows are detected in near- real-time using the USGS Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement (RSAM) tool. If an event is detected, we can then provide alerts to employees and visitors working and recreating in the areas downstream to evacuate. Our goal is to accurately forecast the hazard of a debris flow up to seven days ahead of time and then use RSAM to detect debris flows within minutes of their genesis.
Flow of Hagedorn singularities and phase transitions in large $N$ gauge theories
Creators: name: Cherman, Aleksey
name: Kamata, Syo
name: Schaefer, Thomas
name: Ünsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the singularity structure of the $(-1)^F$ graded partition function in QCD with $n_f \geq 1$ massive adjoint fermions in the large-$N$ limit. Here, $F$ is fermion number and $N$ is the number of colors. The large $N$ partition function is made reliably calculable by taking space to be a small three-sphere $S^3$. Singularites in the graded partition function are related to phase transitions and to Hagedorn behavior in the $(-1)^F$-graded density of states. We study the flow of the singularities in the complex "inverse temperature" $β$ plane as a function of the quark mass. This analysis is a generalization of the Lee-Yang-Fisher-type analysis for a theory which is always in the thermodynamic limit thanks to the large $N$ limit. We identify two distinct mechanisms for the appearance of physical Hagedorn singularities and center-symmetry changing phase transitions at real positive $β$, inflow of singularities from the $β=0$ point, and collisions of complex conjugate pairs of singularities.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
A Model-Independent Determination of the Expansion and Acceleration Rates of the Universe as a Function of Redshift and Constraints on Dark Energy
Creators: name: Daly, Ruth A.
name: Djorgovski, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determination of the expansion and acceleration history of the universe is one of the fundamental goals of cosmology. Detailed measurements of these rates as a function of redshift can provide new physical insights into the nature and evolution of the dark energy, which apparently dominates the global dynamics of the universe at the present epoch. We present here dimensionless coordinate distances y(z) to twenty radio galaxies reaching out to z of about 1.8, the redshift range currently not covered by Supernova standard candle observations. We develop a simple numerical method for a direct determination of the expansion and acceleration rates, E(z) and q(z), from the data, which makes no assumptions about the underlying cosmological model or the equation of state parameter w. This differential method is in contrast to the traditional cosmological tests, where particular model equations are integrated and then compared with the observations. The new model-independent method is applied to currently available Supernova data and the data on radio galaxies presented here. We derive the expansion rate of the universe as a function of redshift, E(z), and for the first time obtain a direct estimate of the acceleration rate of the universe as a function of redshift, q(z), in a way that is independent of assumptions regarding the dark energy and its redshift evolution. The current observations indicate that the universe transitions from acceleration to deceleration at a redshift greater than 0.3, with a best fit estimate of about 0.45; this transition redshift and our determinations of E(z) are broadly in agreement with the currently popular Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmology with Omega = 0.3, and Lambda = 0.7, even though no model assumptions are made in deriving the fits for E(z) and q(z).
description: 30 pages, 9 figures, to appear in ApJ, v597, Nov. 1, 2003
MOESM2 of The effectiveness of workplace nutrition and physical activity interventions in improving productivity, work performance and workability: a systematic review
Creators: name: Grimani, Aikaterini
name: Aboagye, Emmanuel
name: Kwak, Lydia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Characteristics and results of included studies.
MOESM1 of Changes in incidence and etiology of early-onset neonatal infections 1997–2017 – a retrospective cohort study in western Sweden
Creators: name: Gudjónsdóttir, Margrét Johansson
name: Elfvin, Anders
name: Hentz, Elisabet
name: Adlerberth, Ingegerd
name: Tessin, Ingemar
name: Trollfors, Birger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. List of live births within the study area along with the incidence of neonatal (0-6 days) mortality per 1000 live births per year within western Sweden between 1975 - 2017. Numbers were retrieved from the statistical database of The National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden on 22-10-2019.
Quieting a noisy antenna reproduces photosynthetic light harvesting spectra
Creators: name: Arp, Trevor B.
name: Kistner-Morris, Jed
name: Aji, Vivek
name: Cogdell, Richard
name: van Grondelle, Rienk
name: Gabor, Nathaniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photosynthesis is remarkable, achieving near unity light harvesting quantum efficiency in spite of dynamic light conditions and noisy physiological environment. Under these adverse conditions, it remains unknown whether there exists a fundamental organizing principle that gives rise to robust photosynthetic light harvesting. Here, we present a noise-canceling network model that relates noisy physiological conditions, power conversion efficiency, and the resulting absorption spectrum of photosynthetic organisms. Taking external light conditions in three distinct niches - full solar exposure, light filtered by oxygenic phototrophs, and under sea water - we derive optimal absorption characteristics for efficient solar power conversion. We show how light harvesting antennae can be finely tuned to maximize power conversion efficiency by minimizing excitation noise, thus providing a unified theoretical basis for the experimentally observed wavelength dependence of light absorption in green plants, purple bacteria, and green sulfur bacteria.
General duality for abelian-group-valued statistical-mechanics models
Creators: name: Caracciolo, Sergio
name: Sportiello, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a general class of statistical-mechanics models, taking values in an abelian group, which includes examples of both spin and gauge models, both ordered and disordered. The model is described by a set of ``variables'' and a set of ``interactions''. A Gibbs factor is associated to each variable and to each interaction. We introduce a duality transformation for systems in this class. The duality exchanges the abelian group with its dual, the Gibbs factors with their Fourier transforms, and the interactions with the variables. High (low) couplings in the interaction terms are mapped into low (high) couplings in the one-body terms. The idea is that our class of systems extends the one for which the classical procedure 'a la Kramers and Wannier holds, up to include randomness into the pattern of interaction. We introduce and study some physical examples: a random Gaussian Model, a random Potts-like model, and a random variant of discrete scalar QED. We shortly describe the consequence of duality for each example.
description: 26 pages, 2 Postscript figures
Comparing Effective One Body Hamiltonians for spin-aligned coalescing binaries
Creators: name: Rettegno, Piero
name: Martinetti, Fabio
name: Nagar, Alessandro
name: Bini, Donato
name: Riemenschneider, Gunnar
name: Damour, Thibault
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TEOBResumS and SEOBNRv4 are the two existing semi-analytical gravitational waveform models for spin-aligned coalescing black hole binaries based on the effective-one-body approach.They are informed by numerical relativity simulations and provide the relative dynamics and waveforms from early inspiral to plunge, merger and ringdown The central building block of each model is the EOB resummed Hamiltonian.The two models implement different Hamiltonians that are both deformations of the Hamiltonian of a test spinning black hole moving around a Kerr black hole.Here we analytically compare, element by element, the two Hamiltonians. In particular: we illustrate that one can introduce a centrifugal radius SEOBNRv4, so to rewrite the Hamiltonian in a more compact form that is analogous to the one of TEOBResumS.The latter centrifugal radius cannot, however, be identified with the one used in TEOBResumS because the two models differ in their ways of incorporating spin effects in their respective deformations of the background Kerr Hamiltonian. We performed extensive comparisons between the energetics corresponding to the two Hamiltonians using gauge-invariant quantities. Finally, as an exploratory investigation, we apply the post-adiabatic approximation to the newly rewritten SEOBNRv4 Hamiltonian, illustrating that it is possible to generate long-inspiral waveforms with negligible computational cost.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Electronic Preparatory Test for Mathematics Undergraduates: Implementation, Results and Correlations
Creators: name: Chongchitnan, Siri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the implementation of the Electronic Preparatory Test for beginning undergraduates reading mathematics. The Test comprises two elements: diagnostic and self-learning. The diagnostic element identifies gaps in the background knowledge, whilst the self-learning element guides students through an upcoming material. The Test lends itself to an early identification of weak and strong students coming from a wide range of background, allowing follow-ups to be made on a topic-specific basis. The results from the Tests, collected over three years, correlate positively with end-of-year examination results. We show that such a Preparatory Test can be a better predictor of success in the first-year examination in comparison with university entry qualifications alone.
Pair of accelerated black holes in a de Sitter background: the dS C-metric
Creators: name: Dias, Oscar J. C.
name: Lemos, Jose' P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the work of Kinnersley and Walker for flat spacetimes, we have analyzed the anti-de Sitter C-metric in a previous paper. In the de Sitter case, Podolsky and Griffiths have established that the de Sitter C-metric (dS C-metric) found by Plebanski and Demianski describes a pair of accelerated black holes in the dS background with the acceleration being provided (in addition to the cosmological constant) by a strut that pushes away the two black holes or, alternatively, by a string that pulls them. We extend their analysis mainly in four directions. First, we draw the Carter-Penrose diagrams of the massless uncharged dS C-metric, of the massive uncharged dS C-metric and of the massive charged dS C-metric. These diagrams allow us to clearly identify the presence of two dS black holes and to conclude that they cannot interact gravitationally. Second, we revisit the embedding of the dS C-metric in the 5D Minkowski spacetime and we represent the motion of the dS C-metric origin in the dS 4-hyperboloid as well as the localization of the strut. Third, we comment on the physical properties of the strut that connects the two black holes. Finally, we find the range of parameters that correspond to non-extreme black holes, extreme black holes, and naked particles.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures (RevTeX4). Published version: references added
Chaos and chaotic phase mixing in cuspy triaxial potentials
Creators: name: Kandrup, Henry E.
name: Siopis, Christos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates chaos and chaotic phase mixing in triaxial Dehnen potentials which have been proposed to describe realistic ellipticals. Earlier work is extended by exploring the effects of (1) variable axis ratios, (2) `graininess' associated with stars and bound substructures, idealised as friction and white noise, and (3) large-scale organised motions presumed to induce near-random forces idealised as coloured noise with finite autocorrelation time. Three important conclusions are: (1) not all the chaos can be attributed to the cusp; (2) significant chaos can persist even for axisymmetric systems; and (3) introducing a supermassive black hole can increase both the relative number of chaotic orbits and the size of the largest Lyapunov exponent. Sans perturbations, distribution functions associated with initially localised chaotic ensembles evolve exponentially towards a nearly time-independent form at a rate L that correlates with the finite time Lyapunov exponents associated with the evolving orbits. Perturbations accelerate phase space transport by increasing the rate of phase mixing in a given phase space region and by facilitating diffusion along the Arnold web that connects different phase space regions, thus facilitating an approach towards a true equilibrium. The details of the perturbation appear unimportant. All that matters are the amplitude and the autocorrelation time, upon which there is a weak logarithmic dependence. Even comparatively weak perturbations can increase L by a factor of three or more, a fact that has potentially significant implications for violent relaxation.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures -- revised and extended manuscript to appear in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
On the Influence of Earth's Rotation on Light Propagation in Waveguides
Creators: name: Mieling, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the influence of Earth's rotation (both around its own axis and around the Sun) on the propagation of light in optical media. This is done using both geometrical optics and a perturbative calculation based on Maxwell's equations in rotating coordinates in flat spacetime. Considering light propagation in cylindrical step-index waveguides in particular, the first order correction to electromagnetic modes is computed. The calculation shows that Earth's rotation causes a weak mode coupling, giving rise to sidebands, whose amplitudes are computed as well. The correction to the dispersion relation derived here allows to assess the anisotropy of light propagation due to Earth's rotation. The linearisation of this result is found to agree numerically with a simple formula derived from geometrical optics.
description: 40 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1: of Leukotoxin and pyrogenic toxin Superantigen gene backgrounds in bloodstream and wound Staphylococcus aureus isolates from eastern region of China
Creators: name: He, Chunyan
name: Xu, Su
name: Zhao, Huanqiang
name: Hu, Fupin
name: Xu, Xiaogang
name: Jin, Shu
name: Yang, Han
name: Gong, Fang
name: Liu, Qingzhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Sequences of primers used for PCR in this study. (DOCX 41 kb)
Additional file 2: of De novo transcriptomic assembly and mRNA expression patterns of Botryosphaeria dothidea infection with mycoviruses chrysovirus 1 (BdCV1) and partitivirus 1 (BdPV1)
Creators: name: Wang, Lihua
name: Luo, Hui
name: Hu, Wangcheng
name: Yang, Yuekun
name: Hong, Ni
name: Wang, Guoping
name: Wang, Aiming
name: Wang, Liping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S2. Quality metrics of transcripts and Unigenes from B.dothidea transcriptome sequencing. (DOCX 715 kb) (DOCX 18 kb)
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-06-20)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Two-dimensional tunnel bifurcations with dissipation
Creators: name: Aringazin, A. K.
name: Dahnovsky, Yu.
name: Krevchik, V. D.
name: Semenov, M. B.
name: Veremyev, V. A.
name: Ovchinnikov, A. A.
name: Yamamoto, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-particle tunneling in synchronous and asynchronous regimes is studied in the framework of dissipative quantum tunneling. We show that the use of the proposed model is justified by a comparison with realistic potential energy surfaces of porphyrin and experimental dependence of the reaction rate on temperature. The critical temperature T_c corresponding to a bifurcation of the underbarrier trajectory is determined. The effect of a heat bath local mode on the probability of two-dimensional tunneling transfer is also investigated. At certain values of the parameters, the degeneracy of antiparallel tunneling trajectories is important. Thus, four, six, twelve, etc., pairs of the trajectories should be taken into account (a cascade of bifurcations). For the parallel particle tunneling the bifurcation resembles phase transition of a first kind, while for the antiparallel transfer it behaves as second order phase transition. The proposed theory allows for the explanation of experimental data on quantum fluctuations in two-proton tunneling in porphyrins near the critical temperature.
description: 23 pages, RevTeX4, 15 figures (22 eps-files)
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-07-01)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
LISA data analysis: Source identification and subtraction
Creators: name: Cornish, Neil J.
name: Larson, Shane L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will operate as an AM/FM receiver for gravitational waves. For binary systems, the source location, orientation and orbital phase are encoded in the amplitude and frequency modulation. The same modulations spread a monochromatic signal over a range of frequencies, making it difficult to identify individual sources. We present a method for detecting and subtracting individual binary signals from a data stream with many overlapping signals.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures
Zur magnetischen Erkundung einer altneolithischen Siedlung bei Gladebeck (Ldkr. Northeim)
Creators: name: Saile, Thomas
name: Posselt, Martin
name: Lorz, Carsten
name: Thiemeyer, Heinrich
name: Dambeck, Rainer
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 82 Nr. 1 (2004)