cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tuning Dipolar and Multipolar Resonances of Chiral Silicon Nanostructures for Control of Near field Superchirality
Creators: name: Koyroytsaltis-McQuire, Dominic J. P.
name: Kumar, Rahul
name: Javorfi, Tamas
name: Siligardi, Giuliano
name: Gadegaard, Nikolaj
name: Kadodwala, Malcolm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral materials display a property called optical activity, which is the capability to interact differentially with left and right circularly polarised light. This leads to the ability to manipulate the polarisation state of light, which has a broad range of applications spanning from energy efficient displays to quantum technologies. Both synthesised and engineered chiral nanomaterials are exploited in such devices. The design strategy for optimising the optical activity of a chiral material is typically based on maximising a single parameter, the electric dipole magnetic dipole response. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach of controlling optical activity by manipulating both the dipole and multipolar response of a nanomaterial. This provides an additional parameter for material design, affording greater flexibility. The exemplar systems used to illustrate the strategy are nanofabricated chiral silicon structures. The multipolar response of the structures, and hence their optical activity, can be controlled simply by varying their height. This phenomenon allows optical activity and the creation of so called superchiral fields, with enhanced asymmetries, to be controlled over a broader wavelength range, than is achievable with just the electric dipole magnetic dipole response. This work adds to the material design toolbox providing a route to novel nanomaterials for optoelectronics and sensing applications.
Soyedina alexandria Grubbs 2006
Creators: name: Grubbs, Scott A.
name: Sheldon, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Nemouridae
Soyedina
Soyedina alexandria

description:  Soyedina alexandria Grubbs was described recently from springs and small stream habitats in the Nashville Basin area of central Tennessee (Grubbs 2006b). This species was recently obtained from springs in northern Alabama, representing a new state record, a modest southern range extension and the first state records of Soyedina. Material examined. U.S.A., Alabama, Limestone Co., spring into tributary to Scarce Grease Branch, Sugar Creek, Smith Hollow, 2 km SE Lester, 18 February 2008, S.A. Grubbs, 5 ♂, 1 ♀ (WKU).
description: Published as part of Grubbs, Scott A. & Sheldon, Andrew L., 2008, Allocapnia Muskogee And A. Menawa, New Species Of Snowflies (Plecoptera: Capniidae) From The Talladega National Forest Region Of Eastern Alabama, U. S. A., Plus Four New State Records, pp. 99-109 in Illiesia 4 (11) on page 107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4758774
description: {"references": ["Grubbs, S. A. 2006 b. Soyedina alexandria and S. calcarea (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), new stonefly species from the eastern Nearctic region with notes on the life cycle of S. calcarea. Illiesia, 2: 39 - 49."]}
Doppler cooling of gallium atoms: 2. Simulation in complex multilevel systems
Creators: name: Rutherford, L
name: Lane, I C
name: McCann, J F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper derives a general procedure for the numerical solution of the Lindblad equations that govern the coherences arising from multicoloured light interacting with a multilevel system. A systematic approach to finding the conservative and dissipative terms is derived and applied to the laser cooling of gallium. An improved numerical method is developed to solve the time-dependent master equation and results are presented for transient cooling processes. The method is significantly more robust, efficient and accurate than the standard method and can be applied to a broad range of atomic and molecular systems. Radiation pressure forces and the formation of dynamic dark-states are studied in the gallium isotope 66Ga.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Regulation of alpha cell function by gp130 receptor signalling in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Chow, Samuel Zhong Wei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Dysregulated α cell glucagon secretion contributes to post-meal hyperglycemia in pre-diabetes and to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Islets in T2D are characterized by chronic inflammation, and recent human data showed increased IL-6 family cytokine expression in T2D islets in a global gene expression study (IL6 mRNA increased 2.75-fold, IL11 mRNA increased 1.61-fold). We recently discovered that IL-6 stimulates glucagon secretion from human and rodent islets. Cytokines of the IL-6 family all require the gp130 receptor to signal. Therefore, we were interested in elucidating the effects of α cell gp130 receptor signalling on glycemic control in T2D. IL-6 family cytokines were elevated in islets in rodent models of T2D. IL-6 induced STAT3 activation in primary α cells and stimulated glucagon secretion in a gp130 receptor-dependent manner. Pancreatic α cell specific gp130 knockout (αgp130KO) mice showed no differences in glycemic control, α cell function or α cell mass. However, when subjected to streptozotocin (STZ) plus high fat diet (HFD) to induce islet inflammation and pathophysiology modelling T2D, αgp130KO mice had reduced fasting glycemia, improved glucose tolerance, and improved α cell function. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps revealed no differences in insulin sensitivity. Our data strongly suggest that reduced glycemia and improved glucose tolerance in our αgp130KO mice is due to improved α cell function, however further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action of gp130 receptor signalling in α cells. We conclude that in a setting of increased islet inflammation such as observed in T2D, activation of α cell gp130 receptor signalling has long-lasting deleterious effects on α cell function, promoting hyperglycemia. Antagonism of α cell gp130 receptor signalling may be useful for the treatment of T2D.
Impact of degree heterogeneity on the behavior of trapping in Koch networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhongzhi
name: Gao, Shuyang
name: Xie, Wenlei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Previous work shows that the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for random walks to a given hub node (node with maximum degree) in uncorrelated random scale-free networks is closely related to the exponent $γ$ of power-law degree distribution $P(k)\sim k^{-γ}$, which describes the extent of heterogeneity of scale-free network structure. However, extensive empirical research indicates that real networked systems also display ubiquitous degree correlations. In this paper, we address the trapping issue on the Koch networks, which is a special random walk with one trap fixed at a hub node. The Koch networks are power-law with the characteristic exponent $γ$ in the range between 2 and 3, they are either assortative or disassortative. We calculate exactly the MFPT that is the average of first-passage time from all other nodes to the trap. The obtained explicit solution shows that in large networks the MFPT varies lineally with node number $N$, which is obviously independent of $γ$ and is sharp contrast to the scaling behavior of MFPT observed for uncorrelated random scale-free networks, where $γ$ influences qualitatively the MFPT of trapping problem.
description: Definitive version accepted for publication in Chaos
Cross-feature Contrastive Loss for Decentralized Deep Learning on Heterogeneous Data
Creators: name: Aketi, Sai Aparna
name: Roy, Kaushik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The current state-of-the-art decentralized learning algorithms mostly assume the data distribution to be Independent and Identically Distributed (IID). However, in practical scenarios, the distributed datasets can have significantly heterogeneous data distributions across the agents. In this work, we present a novel approach for decentralized learning on heterogeneous data, where data-free knowledge distillation through contrastive loss on cross-features is utilized to improve performance. Cross-features for a pair of neighboring agents are the features (i.e., last hidden layer activations) obtained from the data of an agent with respect to the model parameters of the other agent. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique through an exhaustive set of experiments on various Computer Vision datasets (CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, Fashion MNIST, Imagenette, and ImageNet), model architectures, and network topologies. Our experiments show that the proposed method achieves superior performance (0.2-4% improvement in test accuracy) compared to other existing techniques for decentralized learning on heterogeneous data.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 11 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2305.04792
Taeniopteryx ugola Ricker & Ross 1968
Creators: name: Grubbs, Scott A.
name: Sheldon, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Taeniopterygidae
Taeniopteryx
Taeniopteryx ugola

description:  Taeniopteryx ugola Ricker & Ross is distributed mainly along the Appalachian Mountains, confirmed from Pennsylvania south to Georgia (Stewart, 2000). This species was collected from the Cumberland Plateau region of northeastern Alabama, representing a new state record and a small southwestern range extension. Material examined. U.S.A., Alabama, Jackson Co., Mill Creek, Skyline Wildlife Management Area, 5 km S Hytop, 6 February 2008, S.A. Grubbs, 1 ♂ (WKU); same but 19 February 2007, 1 ♀ (WKU).
description: Published as part of Grubbs, Scott A. & Sheldon, Andrew L., 2008, Allocapnia Muskogee And A. Menawa, New Species Of Snowflies (Plecoptera: Capniidae) From The Talladega National Forest Region Of Eastern Alabama, U. S. A., Plus Four New State Records, pp. 99-109 in Illiesia 4 (11) on page 107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4758774
description: {"references": ["Stewart, K. W. 2000. Taeniopterygidae (The Willowflies). Pages 55 - 88. In Stark, B. P. & B. J. Armitage, editors. Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Eastern North America. Volume I. Pteronarcyidae, Peltoperlidae, and Taeniopterygidae. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series Volume 14. Columbus. 99 pp."]}
Postmemory work in the Cambodian diaspora : using the past to access the present
Creators: name: Chea, Chany
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: This thesis calls for a change in the way we think about articulating suffering and its meanings. It is an analysis of 1.5 and second generation Cambodian postmemory work in North America. I describe the music, film, visual art, poetry and performance art that have been produced by these generations as “postmemory” work because the creators invoke memory that they have not lived themselves or have forgotten. The work of these generations that relate to the Cambodian genocide relies on intergenerational communication with their parents to retell family stories. In their countries of resettlement, Cambodians have faced a lack of social capital, economic hardships, underrepresentation and generational dissonance. In these contexts, reconciling past and present has not been a priority, particularly in a culture which has been found to attribute weakness to discussing violent pasts (Kidron, 2010). Silence on a past of genocide has been a consequence of these factors. While silence on violent pasts is a dominant trait in the diaspora, there are those who choose to speak out about their family’s experience. Using their family stories of genocide, 1.5 and second generation Cambodians explore multivalent issues that impact their present lives. I use the works of Socheata Poeuv, Prach Ly and Anida Yoeu Ali as well as my own to exemplify how the past is engaged in the present. When we bear witness to the postmemory work of Poeuv, Ly and Ali we see a bridging of generations and beliefs and the continual development of a Cambodian diaspora identity. Silence is linked to the maintenance of cultural ideas. By examining instances of 1.5 and second generation public expression, I show the diaspora as a community that also has shifting ideologies. I recognize that silence and speaking out can both exist within the North American Cambodian diaspora. Bringing together the literature on silence while analysing postmemory work allows for an understanding of the variation in ways that individuals and families within a community engage and make meaning of the past.
Location and symmetry of superconductivity in neutron stars
Creators: name: Kobyakov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Earlier, it was a standard assumption that the entire core of neutron stars is superconducting. However, the matter contents in the inner core has been unknown even qualitatively, because the density of matter in that region is expected to be higher than the nuclear saturation density 0.16 $\mathrm{fm}^{-3}$. As a consequence, no reliable model exists that would describe the neutron star matter in the inner core of neutron stars. Thus, a possibility of presence of normal, nonsuperconducting, plasma in the inner core cannot be excluded as of today. This point is supported by the numerical calculations performed in [1]. The calculations are based on the equation of state and the proton Cooper pairing gap energy derived from the chiral effective field theory. The numerical results show that the superconducting gap goes to zero beyond the depth about 1 km below the crust-core boundary. Given that the stellar radius is of the order of 12 km, therefore the superconducting proton matter is expected to exist only in a thin layer at the tip of the outer core. Recently it has been realized that the symmetry of superconductor is anisotropic in the lasagna region of the pasta phases located at the bottom of the crust. However the question of whether this symmetry is continuous or discreet was unsolved. The numerical calculations performed in [1] have shown that the tunneling rate between the adjacent slabs in the entire range of the corresponding densities is negligibly small. Thus, a discreet model is necessary for the description of the lasagna region. Uncertainties and future directions of the research are discussed.
description: Contribution to Proceedings of XXVII annual conference "Solar and solar-terrestrial physics-2023", October 9-13, 2023 Saint-Petersburg, Russia, The Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Pulkovo
Some properties of plasma surrounding brown dwarfs
Creators: name: Kobyakov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, brown dwarfs have emerged as a new topic for the astrophysical studies. These objects are intermediate between solar-type stars and giant gaseous planets. In this article, the analogies between brown dwarfs and the planet Jupiter are considered with a focus on the surrounding plasma. I consider the magnetohydrodynamic version of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (or so called ``interchange instability'') as a minimal model of the expansion of the plasma disc surrounding Jupiter. By comparing the theoretical prediction for the radial expansion rate of the disc with the observations I quantitatively confirm the existing qualitative result, which predicts that the Rayleigh-Taylor instability provides too quick expansion. Therefore, in the realistic plasma disc yet another mechanism must operate which slows down the expansion. I suggest that similar mechanisms take place in the observed radiation belts of brown dwarfs.
description: Contribution to Proceedings of XXVII annual conference "Solar and solar-terrestrial physics-2023", October 9-13, 2023 Saint-Petersburg, Russia, The Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Pulkovo
Interplay between bending and stretching in carbon nanoribbons
Creators: name: Cadelano, Emiliano
name: Giordano, Stefano
name: Colombo, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the bending properties of carbon nanoribbons by combining continuum elasticity theory and tight-binding atomistic simulations. First, we develop a complete analysis of a given bended configuration through continuum mechanics. Then, we provide by tight-binding calculations the value of the bending rigidity in good agreement with recent literature. We discuss the emergence of a stretching field induced by the full atomic-scale relaxation of the nanoribbon architecture. We further prove that such an in-plane strain field can be decomposed into a first contribution due to the actual bending of the sheet and a second one due to edge effects.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Integrated Diamond Optics for Single Photon Detection
Creators: name: Siyushev, P.
name: Kaiser, F.
name: Jacques, V.
name: Gerhardt, I.
name: Bischof, S.
name: Fedder, H.
name: Dodson, J.
name: Markham, M.
name: Twitchen, D.
name: Jelezko, F.
name: Wrachtrup, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical detection of single defect centers in the solid state is a key element of novel quantum technologies. This includes the generation of single photons and quantum information processing. Unfortunately the brightness of such atomic emitters is limited. Therefore we experimentally demonstrate a novel and simple approach that uses off-the-shelf optical elements. The key component is a solid immersion lens made of diamond, the host material for single color centers. We improve the excitation and detection of single emitters by one order of magnitude, as predicted by theory.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 2: of CircSLC3A2 functions as an oncogenic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging miR-490-3p and regulating PPM1F expression
Creators: name: Wang, Hongjian
name: Chen, Wei
name: Jin, Ming
name: Hou, Lidan
name: Chen, Xiaoyu
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Zhu, Jinshui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Virology

description: Figure S1. The association between PPM1F expression and the genetic and methylation alterations in HCC. (A) The genetic alterations of PPM1F in HCC. (B) The alterations of PPM1F in copy number in HCC. (C) The correlation of PPM1F expression with its DNA methylation in HCC. (PDF 1074 kb)
TBDLNet: a network for classifying multidrug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis
Creators: name: Zhu, Ziquan
name: Tao, Jing
name: Wang, Shuihua
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Zhang, Yudong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes applying a novel deep-learning model, TBDLNet, to recognize CT images to classify multidrug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis automatically. The pre-trained ResNet50 is selected to extract features. Three randomized neural networks are used to alleviate the overfitting problem. The ensemble of three RNNs is applied to boost the robustness via majority voting. The proposed model is evaluated by five-fold cross-validation. Five indexes are selected in this paper, which are accuracy, sensitivity, precision, F1-score, and specificity. The TBDLNet achieves 0.9822 accuracy, 0.9815 specificity, 0.9823 precision, 0.9829 sensitivity, and 0.9826 F1-score, respectively. The TBDLNet is suitable for classifying multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and drug-sensitive tuberculosis. It can detect multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis as early as possible, which helps to adjust the treatment plan in time and improve the treatment effect.
Sweltsa onko
Creators: name: Grubbs, Scott A.
name: Sheldon, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Chloroperlidae
Sweltsa
Sweltsa onko

description:  Sweltsa onko s (Ricker) is a broadly-distributed Appalachian species known from the Canadian Maritime Provinces, Quebec and Ontario south to Virginia, with a western extension through Indiana and Kentucky similar to that displayed by Paraleuctra sara and Ostrocerca truncata (Claassen) (Grubbs 2004; Surdick 2004). This species was obtained from Talladega National Forest, representing a new state record and potentially a significant southwestern range extension along the Appalachian Mountains. Stark & Harris (1986) noted that a female of S. mediana (Banks) had been collected from Calhoun County, presumably in or near Talladega National Forest and Surdick (1985, 2004) recorded this species from Alabama. The females of S. mediana and S. onkos, however, are difficult to separate without males. James (1972) gave a dubious record for S. mediana from Lawrence Co., which is unlikely since this species is a southern Appalachian-distributed species and that county is located in the northwestern portion of the state. Material examined. U.S.A., Alabama, Cleburne Co., small stream draining Dugger Mountain, Talladega National Forest, 22 May 2006, A.L. Sheldon, 1 ♂ (WKU).
description: Published as part of Grubbs, Scott A. & Sheldon, Andrew L., 2008, Allocapnia Muskogee And A. Menawa, New Species Of Snowflies (Plecoptera: Capniidae) From The Talladega National Forest Region Of Eastern Alabama, U. S. A., Plus Four New State Records, pp. 99-109 in Illiesia 4 (11) on page 107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4758774
description: {"references": ["Grubbs, S. A. 2004. Studies on Indiana stoneflies (Plecoptera), with an annotated and revised state checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 106: 864 - 875.", "Surdick, R. F. 2004. Chloroperlidae (The Sallflies). Pages 1 - 60. In Stark, B. P. & B. J. Armitage, editors. Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Eastern North America. Volume II. Chloroperlidae, Perlidae, and Perlodidae (Perlodinae). Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series Volume 14. Columbus. 192 pp.", "Stark, B. P & S. C. Harris. 1986. Records of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Alabama. Entomological News, 97: 177 - 182.", "Surdick, R. F. 1985. Nearctic genera of Chloroperlinae (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illinois Biological Monographs, 54: 1 - 146.", "James, A. M. 1972. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Alabama. Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, Auburn University. 169 pp."]}
title: Lascar
title: Lascar
Creators: name: Stadtler, Florian
name: Visram, Rozina
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Inder
subject: Matrose
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Economic aspects

description: Lascar seamen and other sailors from the British Empire were deployed on vessels of the merchant marine and ocean liners to transport goods and passengers across the world. Hired predominantly by European and American shipping companies as cheap labour, they performed a vital role in the First World War to keep cargo flowing across sea routes.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Large-scale shell-model study of two-neutrino double-beta decay of $^{82}$Se, $^{94}$Zr, $^{108}$Cd, $^{124}$Sn, $^{128}$Te, $^{130}$Te, $^{136}$Xe, and $^{150}$Nd
Creators: name: Patel, Deepak
name: Srivastava, Praveen C.
name: Kota, V. K. B.
name: Sahu, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale shell-model calculations have been performed for the study of two neutrino double-beta ($2νββ$) decay in $^{82}$Se, $^{94}$Zr, $^{108}$Cd, $^{124}$Sn, $^{128}$Te, $^{130}$Te, $^{136}$Xe, and $^{150}$Nd. We have employed JUN45 interaction to calculate the nuclear matrix element (NME) for $2νββ$ decay in $^{82}$Se. In the case of $^{94}$Zr, the glekpn effective interaction is used. For $^{108}$Cd, we have used a realistic effective interaction derived through the G-matrix approach. In the case of $^{124}$Sn, $^{128,130}$Te and $^{136}$Xe, the sn100pn effective interaction is employed. For $^{150}$Nd, we have used KHHE effective interaction based on holes in a $^{208}$Pb core. We have extracted the half-lives of these nuclei for the $2νββ$ decay with the help of calculated NME. Our results are consistent with the available experimental half-lives. The variation of cumulative $2νββ$ NME with respect to the excitation energy of the intermediate $1^+$ states is also shown, and in all cases, it is ensured that their values are almost saturated. In the present work we have calculated more intermediate $1^+$ states as much as possible in comparison to results available in the literature.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
title: Centenary (Israel/Palestine)
title: Centenary (Israel/Palestine)
Creators: name: Mazza, Roberto
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kollektives Gedächtnis
subject: Gedenkfeier
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Anniversaries, etc.

description: The closing months of 2017 saw a number of organized events unfold in Israel and Palestine to remember the British capture of the region and, more importantly, the publication of the Balfour Declaration. As the events occurred, it became clear that the war had left behind a bitter legacy of division, which was reflected in the tone and statements of those who organized and attended the centenary.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Magnetic Nanoparticle-Gel Materials for Development of MPI and MRI Phantoms
Creators: name: Mattern, Anne
name: Sandig, Romy
name: Joos, Alexander
name: Löwa, Norbert
name: Kosch, Olaf
name: Weidner, Andreas
name: Wells, James
name: Wiekhorst, Frank
name: Dutz, Silvio
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2019
Subjects: MPI; Measurement Phantom; Magnetic Nanoparticles

description: To evaluate performance of commercial as well as various custom-made scanners in several laboratories, dedicated phantoms with defined magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) distributions are required. Pre-requirement for the development of such phantoms is the establishment of suitable MNP-matrix combinations. In this study, two different gel types were used as matrix materials, which show similar imaging behavior in MRI and MPI compared to body tissue: water based biopolymers and synthetic polymers. Aqueous suspensions of MNP coated with different types of functionalized dextranes were used for embedding particles into the biopolymers, and organic fluids with oleic acid coated MNP for synthetic polymers, respectively. The obtained MNP-matrix combinations were tested for their mechanical stability by means of mechanical load tests. The homogeneity of MNP distribution and immobilization within the matrix was determined by optical investigation of the samples with a microscope and by investigation of the magnetic particle properties measured by vibrating sample magnetometry. In summary, we found suitable combinations of coated magnetic nanoparticles and matrix materials for the buildup of MPI phantoms, which guarantee a fixation of the MNP within the matrix without agglomeration of the particles.

Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 4(2), 2018, Article ID: 1811001, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2018.1811001
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 4, No 2 (2018)
title: Making Sense of the War (Sweden)
title: Making Sense of the War (Sweden)
Creators: name: Hedén, Anne
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Schweden
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Öffentliche Meinung
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Sweden

description: This text gives a brief overview of the Swedish intellectual, literary and media responses to the war, and also of the Swedish responses to the new peacetime order in Europe. By the end of 1918, Swedish neutrality was often perceived within domestic discourse as representing a development where, in spite of being a small regional power, Sweden exercised a strong influence due to the country’s peace building efforts, extended civil rights and humanitarian orientation. In practice, however, this new humanitarian neutrality was an ambiguous phenomenon, and in the interwar period Sweden returned to its earlier isolationism.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Filamentary structures as the origin of blazar jet radio variability
Creators: name: Fuentes, Antonio
name: Gómez, José L.
name: Martí, José M.
name: Perucho, Manel
name: Zhao, Guang-Yao
name: Lico, Rocco
name: Lobanov, Andrei P.
name: Bruni, Gabriele
name: Kovalev, Yuri Y.
name: Chael, Andrew
name: Akiyama, Kazunori
name: Bouman, Katherine L.
name: Sun, He
name: Cho, Ilje
name: Traianou, Efthalia
name: Toscano, Teresa
name: Dahale, Rohan
name: Foschi, Marianna
name: Gurvits, Leonid I.
name: Jorstad, Svetlana
name: Kim, Jae-Young
name: Marscher, Alan P.
name: Mizuno, Yosuke
name: Ros, Eduardo
name: Savolainen, Tuomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive black holes at the centre of active galactic nuclei power some of the most luminous objects in the Universe. Typically, very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) observations of blazars have revealed only funnel-like morphologies with little information of the ejected plasma internal structure, or lacked the sufficient dynamic range to reconstruct the extended jet emission. Here we show microarcsecond-scale angular resolution images of the blazar 3C 279 obtained at 22 GHz with the space VLBI mission RadioAstron, which allowed us to resolve the jet transversely and reveal several filaments produced by plasma instabilities in a kinetically dominated flow. Our high angular resolution and dynamic range image suggests that emission features traveling down the jet may manifest as a result of differential Doppler-boosting within the filaments, as opposed to the standard shock-in-jet model invoked to explain blazar jet radio variability. Moreover, we infer that the filaments in 3C 279 are possibly threaded by a helical magnetic field rotating clockwise, as seen in the direction of the flow motion, with an intrinsic helix pitch angle of ~45 degrees in a jet with a Lorentz factor of ~13 at the time of observation.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Initial version of an article published in Nature Astronomy
Effective Edwards-Wilkinson equation for single-file diffusion
Creators: name: Centres, P. M.
name: Bustingorry, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present an effective discrete Edwards-Wilkinson equation aimed to describe the single-file diffusion process. The key physical properties of the system are captured defining an effective elasticity, which is proportional to the single particle diffusion coefficient and to the inverse squared mean separation between particles. The effective equation gives a description of single-file diffusion using the global roughness of the system of particles, which presents three characteristic regimes, namely normal diffusion, subdiffusion and saturation, separated by two crossover times. We show how these regimes scale with the parameters of the original system. Additional repulsive interaction terms are also considered and we analyze how the crossover times depend on the intensity of the additional terms. Finally, we show that the roughness distribution can be well characterized by the Edwards-Wilkinson universal form for the different single-file diffusion processes studied here.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Curvature Dependence of Surface Free Energy of Liquid Drops and Bubbles: A Simulation Study
Creators: name: Block, B. J.
name: Das, S. K.
name: Oettel, M.
name: Virnau, P.
name: Binder, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the excess free energy due to phase coexistence of fluids by Monte Carlo simulations using successive umbrella sampling in finite LxLxL boxes with periodic boundary conditions. Both the vapor-liquid phase coexistence of a simple Lennard-Jones fluid and the coexistence between A-rich and B-rich phases of a symmetric binary (AB) Lennard-Jones mixture are studied, varying the density rho in the simple fluid or the relative concentration x_A of A in the binary mixture, respectively. The character of phase coexistence changes from a spherical droplet (or bubble) of the minority phase (near the coexistence curve) to a cylindrical droplet (or bubble) and finally (in the center of the miscibility gap) to a slab-like configuration of two parallel flat interfaces. Extending the analysis of M. Schrader, P. Virnau, and K. Binder [Phys. Rev. E 79, 061104 (2009)], we extract the surface free energy gamma (R) of both spherical and cylindrical droplets and bubbles in the vapor-liquid case, and present evidence that for R -> Infinity the leading order (Tolman) correction for droplets has sign opposite to the case of bubbles, consistent with the Tolman length being independent on the sign of curvature. For the symmetric binary mixture the expected non-existence of the Tolman length is confirmed. In all cases {and for a range of radii} R relevant for nucleation theory, gamma(R) deviates strongly from gamma (Infinity) which can be accounted for by a term of order gamma(Infinity)/gamma(R)-1 ~ 1/R^2. Our results for the simple Lennard-Jones fluid are also compared to results from density functional theory and we find qualitative agreement in the behavior of gamma(R) as well as in the sign and magnitude of the Tolman length.
description: 25 pages, submitted to J. Chem. Phys
KPI Extraction from Maintenance Work Orders -- A Comparison of Expert Labeling, Text Classification and AI-Assisted Tagging for Computing Failure Rates of Wind Turbines
Creators: name: Lutz, Marc-Alexander
name: Schäfermeier, Bastian
name: Sexton, Rachael
name: Sharp, Michael
name: Dima, Alden
name: Faulstich, Stefan
name: Aluri, Jagan Mohini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.7

description: Maintenance work orders are commonly used to document information about wind turbine operation and maintenance. This includes details about proactive and reactive wind turbine downtimes, such as preventative and corrective maintenance. However, the information contained in maintenance work orders is often unstructured and difficult to analyze, presenting challenges for decision-makers wishing to use it for optimizing operation and maintenance. To address this issue, this work compares three different approaches to calculate reliability by performance indicators from maintenance work orders. The first approach involves manual labeling of the maintenance work orders by domain experts, using the schema defined in an industrial guideline to assign the label accordingly. The second approach involves the development of a model that automatically labels the maintenance work orders using text classification methods. Through this method, we are able to achieve macro average and weighted average F1-Scores of 0.75 and 0.85 respectively. The third technique uses an AI-assisted tagging tool to tag and structure the raw maintenance information, together with a novel rule-based approach for extracting relevant maintenance work orders for failure rate calculation. In our experiments the AI-assisted tool leads to a 88% drop in tagging time in comparison to the other two approaches, while expert labeling and text classification are more accurate in KPI extraction. Overall, our findings make extracting maintenance information from maintenance work orders more efficient, enable the assessment of reliability key performance indicators and therefore support the optimization of wind turbine operation and maintenance.
Autonomous Advanced Aerial Mobility -- An End-to-end Autonomy Framework for UAVs and Beyond
Creators: name: Mishra, Sakshi
name: Palanisamy, Praveen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Developing aerial robots that can both safely navigate and execute assigned mission without any human intervention - i.e., fully autonomous aerial mobility of passengers and goods - is the larger vision that guides the research, design, and development efforts in the aerial autonomy space. However, it is highly challenging to concurrently operationalize all types of aerial vehicles that are operating fully autonomously sharing the airspace. Full autonomy of the aerial transportation sector includes several aspects, such as design of the technology that powers the vehicles, operations of multi-agent fleets, and process of certification that meets stringent safety requirements of aviation sector. Thereby, Autonomous Advanced Aerial Mobility is still a vague term and its consequences for researchers and professionals are ambiguous. To address this gap, we present a comprehensive perspective on the emerging field of autonomous advanced aerial mobility, which involves the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft for various applications, such as urban air mobility, package delivery, and surveillance. The article proposes a scalable and extensible autonomy framework consisting of four main blocks: sensing, perception, planning, and controls. Furthermore, the article discusses the challenges and opportunities in multi-agent fleet operations and management, as well as the testing, validation, and certification aspects of autonomous aerial systems. Finally, the article explores the potential of monolithic models for aerial autonomy and analyzes their advantages and limitations. The perspective aims to provide a holistic picture of the autonomous advanced aerial mobility field and its future directions.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures
Anxiolytic potency of iridoid fraction extracted from Valeriana jatamansi Jones and its mechanism: a preliminary study
Creators: name: Zhang, Xue-Mei
name: Zhu, Jia-Li
name: Sun, Yong
name: Dai, Yao-Lan
name: Chen, Xiu
name: Cao, Jia-Hong
name: Yang, Ruo-Cong
name: Chen, Chang
name: Ma, Chao-Ying
name: Zhang, Tian-E
name: Chen, Yun-Hui
name: Yan, Zhi-Yong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Valeriana jatamansi Jones (V. jatamansi) has been widely used for treating anxiety and its mechanism involves many aspects including GABA level. This study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic potency of an iridoid fraction extracted from the radix and rhizomes of V. jatamansi. The iridoid fraction was extracted by using D101 resin; its major components were analysed preliminarily by thin layer chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography; and its anxiolytic effects at 6 mg/kg (low-dose), 9 mg/kg (medium-dose) and 12 mg/kg (high-dose) were evaluated using the elevated plus maze test, the light–dark box test, the Vogel’s drinking conflict test, and the open field drink test. Its action mechanism was investigated using the ELISA. This study provided evidence on the anxiolytic potency of the iridoid fraction from V. jatamansi and revealed its action mechanism of regulating the GABA level.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of coarse-grained cemented carbides by tailoring microstructure
Creators: name: Yu, Songbai
name: Zhang, Jianfeng
name: Tong, Jing
name: Min, Fanlu
name: Zhang, Hailong
name: Ma, Jichang
name: Wang, Congxu
name: Zhao, Kui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: In this study, ultrafine WC@10Co powders were used for the fabrication of coarse-grained WC-10Co with almost full densification. The incorporation of WC@10Co resulted in a decreasing size of WC grain with a rounded shape, the mean free path of Co and the WC contiguity. Further, substantial Co with face-centered cubic structure dispersed uniformly in the cemented carbides with WC@10Co-contained intergranular fracture accompanied by a large number of plastic deformation tears of the Co phase at the fracture surface and crack bridges at the crack tip. Therefore, the hardness, fracture toughness and bending strength of cemented carbides with WC@10Co reached the highest levels of 1045.3 kgf m−2, 23.6 MPa·m1/2 and 2308 MPa, respectively. The ultrafine WC@10Co contracted size distribution of WC grain with a rounded shape.The uniformly dispersed Co with a high content of FCC structure was obtained.The as-obtained coarse-grained cemented carbides showed enhanced mechanical properties The ultrafine WC@10Co contracted size distribution of WC grain with a rounded shape. The uniformly dispersed Co with a high content of FCC structure was obtained. The as-obtained coarse-grained cemented carbides showed enhanced mechanical properties
Optomechanical ring resonator for efficient microwave-optical frequency conversion
Creators: name: Chen, I-Tung
name: Li, Bingzhao
name: Lee, Seokhyeong
name: Chakravarthi, Srivatsa
name: Fu, Kai-Mei
name: Li, Mo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phonons traveling in solid-state devices are emerging as a universal excitation that can couple to different physical systems through mechanical interaction. At microwave frequencies and in solid-state materials, phonons have a similar wavelength to optical photons, enabling them to interact efficiently with light and produce strong optomechanical effects that are highly desirable for classical and quantum signal transduction between optical and microwave. It becomes conceivable to build optomechanical integrated circuits (OMIC) that guide both photons and phonons and interconnect discrete photonic and phononic devices. Here, we demonstrate an OMIC including an optomechanical ring resonator (OMR), in which infrared photons and GHz phonons co-resonate to induce significantly enhanced interconversion. The OMIC is built on a hybrid platform where wide bandgap semiconductor gallium phosphide (GaP) is used as the waveguiding material and piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) is used for phonon generation. The OMR features photonic and phononic quality factors of $>1\times10^5$ and $3.2\times10^3$, respectively, and resonantly enhances the optomechanical conversion between photonic modes to achieve an internal conversion efficiency $η_i=(2.1\pm0.1)%$ and a total device efficiency $η_{tot}=0.57\times10^{-6}$ at a low acoustic pump power of 1.6 mW. The efficient conversion in OMICs enables microwave-optical transduction for many applications in quantum information processing and microwave photonics.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Adhesive contact of rough surfaces: comparison between numerical calculations and analytical theories
Creators: name: Carbone, Giuseppe
name: Scaraggi, Michele
name: Tartaglino, Ugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have employed a numerical procedure to analyze the adhesive contact between a soft elastic layer and a rough rigid substrate. The solution of the problem is obtained by calculating the Green's function which links the pressure distribution to the normal displacements at the interface. The problem is then formulated in the form of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind with a logarithmic kernel, and the boundaries of the contact area are calculated by requiring that the energy of the system is stationary. The methodology has been employed to study the adhesive contact between an elastic semi-infinite solid and a randomly rough rigid profile with a self-affine fractal geometry. We show that, even in presence of adhesion, the true contact area still linearly depends on the applied load. The numerical results are then critically compared with the prediction of an extended version of the Persson's contact mechanics theory, able to handle anisotropic surfaces, as 1D interfaces. It is shown that, for any given load, Persson's theory underestimates the contact area of about 50% in comparison with our numerical calculations. We find that this discrepancy is larger than what is found for 2D rough surfaces in case of adhesionless contact. We argue that this increased difference might be explained, at least partially, by considering that Persson's theory is a mean field theory in spirit, so it should work better for 2D rough surfaces rather than for 1D rough surfaces. We also observe, that the predicted value of separation is in very good agreement with our numerical results as well as the exponent of the power spectral density of the contact pressure distribution and of the elastic displacement of the solid. Therefore, we conclude that Persson's theory captures almost exactly the main qualitative behavior of the rough contact phenomena.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures