cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monoidal Categories, 2-Traces, and Cyclic Cohomology
Creators: name: Hassanzadeh, Mohammad
name: Khalkhali, Masoud
name: Shapiro, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10, 18E05, 19D55, 16T05

description: In this paper we show that to a unital associative algebra object (resp. co-unital co-associative co-algebra object) of any abelian monoidal category $\mathcal{C}$ endowed with a symmetric $2$-trace, one can attach a cyclic (resp. cocyclic) module, and therefore speak of the cyclic (co)homology of the (co)algebra "with coefficients in $F$". We observe that if $\mathcal{M}$ is a $\mathcal{C}$-bimodule category equipped with a stable central pair then $\mathcal{C}$ acquires a symmetric 2-trace. The dual notions of symmetric $2$-contratraces and stable central contrapairs are derived as well. As an application we can recover all Hopf cyclic type (co)homology theories, obtain a conceptual understanding of anti-Yetter-Drinfeld modules, and give a formula-free definition of cyclic cohomology. The machinery can also be applied in settings more general than Hopf algebra modules and comodules.
description: 17 pages, exposition improved
Excavation and Melting of the Hadean Continental Crust by Late Heavy Bombardment
Creators: name: Shibaike, Yuhito
name: Sasaki, Takanori
name: Ida, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: No Hadean rocks have ever been found on Earth's surface except for zircons---evidence of continental crust, suggesting that Hadean continental crust existed but later disappeared. One hypothesis for the disappearance of the continental crust is excavation/melting by the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB), a concentration of impacts in the last phase of the Hadean eon. In this paper, we calculate the effects of LHB on Hadean continental crust in order to investigate this hypothesis. Approximating the size-frequency distribution of the impacts by a power-law scaling with an exponent α as a parameter, we have derived semi-analytical expressions for the effects of LHB impacts. We calculated the total excavation/melting volume and area affected by the LHB from two constraints of LHB on the moon, the size of the largest basin during LHB, and the density of craters larger than 20 km. We also investigated the effects of the value of α. Our results show that LHB does not excavate/melt all of Hadean continental crust directly, but over 70% of the Earth's surface area can be covered by subsequent melts in a broad range of α. If there have been no overturns of the continental crust until today, LHB could be responsible for the absence of Hadean rocks because most of Hadean continental crust is not be exposed on the Earth's surface in this case.
description: 40 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Icarus
Can pair-instability supernova models match the observations of superluminous supernovae?
Creators: name: Kozyreva, Alexandra
name: Blinnikov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An increasing number of so-called superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are discovered. It is believed that at least some of them with slowly fading light curves originate in stellar explosions induced by the pair instability mechanism. Recent stellar evolution models naturally predict pair instability supernovae (PISNe) from very massive stars at wide range of metallicities (up to Z=0.006, Yusof et al. 2013). In the scope of this study we analyse whether PISN models can match the observational properties of SLSNe with various light curve shapes. Specifically, we explore the influence of different degrees of macroscopic chemical mixing in PISN explosive products on the resulting observational properties. We artificially apply mixing to the 250 Msun PISN evolutionary model from Kozyreva et al. (2014) and explore its supernova evolution with the one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics code STELLA. The greatest success in matching SLSN observations is achieved in the case of an extreme macroscopic mixing, where all radioactive material is ejected into the hydrogen-helium outer layer. Such an extreme macroscopic redistribution of chemicals produces events with faster light curves with high photospheric temperatures and high photospheric velocities. These properties fit a wider range of SLSNe than non-mixed PISN model. Our mixed models match the light curves, colour temperature and photospheric velocity evolution of two well-observed SLSNe PTF12dam and LSQ12dlf. However, these models' extreme chemical redistribution may be hard to realise in massive PISNe. Therefore, alternative models such as the magnetar mechanism or wind-interaction may still to be favourable to interpret rapidly rising SLSNe.
description: 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Concepts
Creators: name: Josephson, Molly
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2014

description: Most contemporary theories of concepts hold that the principal function of these mental entities is that of categorizing things in the world. Such theories, however, tend to generate flawed or insufficient accounts of several cognitive phenomena. I argue for a theory which takes a different account of the nature of the mind. On minimalism, concepts are primarily relational entities, and to think conceptually is to draw relations between mental representations. The minimalist picture can easily explain numerous cognitive phenomena that other theories of concepts overlook; it can also make sense of disagreements between those theories regarding what a concept really is.
Gravitational wave tests of quantum modifications to black hole structure -- with post-GW150914 update
Creators: name: Giddings, Steven B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A preliminary discussion is given of the prospects that gravitational-wave observations of binary inspiral of black holes could reveal or constrain quantum modifications to black hole dynamics, such as are required to preserve postulates of quantum mechanics. Different proposals for such modifications are characterized by different scales, and the size of these scales relative to those probed by observation of inspiral signals is important in determining the feasibility of finding experimental signatures. Certain scenarios with strong quantum modifications in a region extending well outside the horizon are expected to modify classical evolution, and distort the near-peak gravitational wave signal, suggesting a search for departures from waveforms predicted by general relativity. The near agreement of the GW150914 signal with such waveforms is discussed, and indicates constraints on some such scenarios. Important strategies for more precise future tests are 1) to develop more precise predictions from scenarios proposing quantum modifications, and 2) searching for observed deviations from numerical relativity predictions via analysis of gravity wave data, particularly focussing on the signal region corresponding to plunge and merger.
description: v2: Major revision: incorporating discussion of data from GW150914 and priorities for future work. v3: Added comments re. constraints from current LIGO data, and directions for improving constraints. Version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
A proposed chemical scheme for HCCO formation in cold dense clouds
Creators: name: Wakelam, V.
name: Loison, J. -C.
name: Hickson, K. M.
name: Ruaud, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ketenyl radical (HCCO) has recently been discovered in two cold dense clouds with a non-negligible abundance of a few 1e-11 (compared to H2) (Agundez et al. 2015). Until now, no chemical network has been able to reproduce this observation. We propose here a chemical scheme that can reproduce HCCO abundances together with HCO, H2CCO and CH3CHO in the dark clouds Lupus-1A and L486. The main formation pathway for HCCO is the OH + CCH -> HCCO + H reaction as suggested by Agundez et al. (2015) but with a much larger rate coefficient than used in current models. Since this reaction has never been studied experimentally or theoretically, this larger value is based on a comparison with other similar systems.
Parallax in the park
Creators: name: Hughes, Stephen
name: Powell, Sean
name: Carroll, Joshua
name: Cowley, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article describes a parallax experiment performed by undergraduate physics students at Queensland University of Technology. The experiment is analogous to the parallax method used in astronomy to measure distances to the local stars. The result of one of these experiments is presented in this paper. A target was photographed using a digital camera at five distances between 3 and 8 metres from two vantage points spaced 0.6 m apart. The parallax distances were compared with the actual distance measured using a tape measure and the average error was 0.5 +/- 0.9%.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, published in Eur. J. Phys
On Becoming a Writer: Collected Stories
Creators: name: Larock, Chelsea
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: A/r/tography
Fiction-based research
Writing
Education

description: This project considers the role of the creative writing teacher in the development of the writer’s identity. Drawing from a/r/tography and fiction-based research, this thesis is written in the form of a novel and presented as an exemplar of arts-based qualitative inquiry in educational research. The novel is organized in a series of stories that follow the life of a young woman named Mona and are about the people she meets, the stories she writes, the places she ends up, and who she becomes along the way. This project is informed by its pilot study, which drew from a narrative approach and included semi-structured interviews where participants were asked to share stories on their becoming a writer. The emergent themes from the pilot study fell within one of two opposing categories: The first being factors that prevented one’s sense of becoming and; the second describing factors that facilitated one’s sense of becoming. The findings from the pilot study were then synthesized into literary themes and are presented in the stories, On Becoming a Writer. This project adds to the growing number of fictional texts as educational research and is presented as an alternative to the standard graduate thesis. This approach seeks to engage its readers to participate in the lives of writers and their stories, and may serve as a resource for teachers of aspiring writers.
Numerical models for stationary superfluid neutron stars in general relativity with realistic equations of state
Creators: name: Sourie, Aurélien
name: Oertel, Micaela
name: Novak, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical model for uniformly rotating superfluid neutron stars, for the first time with realistic microphysics including entrainment, in a fully general relativistic framework. We compute stationary and axisymmetric configurations of neutron stars composed of two fluids, namely superfluid neutrons and charged particles (protons and electrons), rotating with different rates around a common axis. Both fluids are coupled by entrainment, a non-dissipative interaction which in case of a non-vanishing relative velocity between the fluids, causes the fluid momenta being not aligned with the respective fluid velocities. We extend the formalism by Comer and Joynt (2003) in order to calculate the equation of state (EoS) and entrainment parameters for an arbitrary relative velocity. The resulting entrainment matrix fulfills all necessary sum rules and in the limit of small relative velocity our results agree with Fermi liquid theory ones, derived to lowest order in the velocity. This formalism is applied to two new nuclear equations of state which are implemented in the numerical model. We are able to obtain precise equilibrium configurations. Resulting density profiles and moments of inertia are discussed employing both EoSs, showing the impact of entrainment and the dependence on the EoS.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, minor changes to match published version in PRD, a typo present in Eq.A1 in the published version has been corrected
No country for old fighters: postwar Germany and the origins of the Ulm Einsatzkommando Trial
Creators: name: Tobin, Patrick
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This thesis traces the origins of the 1958 Ulm Einsatzkommando Trial in West Germany through the postwar story of Bernhard Fischer-Schweder. As a Nazi officer involved in an Einsatzkommando unit in 1941, Fischer-Schweder had taken part in the murder of several hundred Jewish civilians in Lithuania. By the 1950s these crimes came to light. An investigation into him triggered subsequent arrests, and by 1958, Fischer-Schweder and nine others found themselves at the center of the largest war crimes trial since Nuremberg. By reconstructing this period through the Fischer-Schweder story, this thesis argues that by the mid-1950s, sectors of West German society were increasingly critical of a perceived apathy towards prosecuting Nazi criminals. These pockets of progress served as a point of transition in West Germany’s relationship with the Nazi past, a transition which made the Ulm trial possible and ushered in an era of war crimes investigations in the 1960s.
The Bender-Dunne basis operators as Hilbert space operators
Creators: name: Bunao, Joseph
name: Galapon, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bender-Dunne basis operators, $\mathsf{T}_{-m,n}=2^{-n}\sum_{k=0}^n {n \choose k} \mathsf{q}^k \mathsf{p}^{-m} \mathsf{q}^{n-k}$ where $\mathsf{q}$ and $\mathsf{p}$ are the position and momentum operators respectively, are formal integral operators in position representation in the entire real line $\mathbb{R}$ for positive integers $n$ and $m$. We show, by explicit construction of a dense domain, that the operators $\mathsf{T}_{-m,n}$'s are densely defined operators in the Hilbert space $L^2(\mathbb{R})$.
description: Preprint. Please refer to the Journal of Mathematical Physics for the published version
Ground-based detectors in very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy
Creators: name: de Naurois, M.
name: Mazin, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the discovery of the cosmic rays by Victor Hess in 1912, more than 70 years and numerous technological developments were needed before an unambiguous detection of the first very-high-energy gamma-ray source in 1989 was made. Since this discovery the field on very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy experienced a true revolution: A second, then a third generation of instruments were built, observing the atmospheric cascades from the ground, either through the atmospheric Cherenkov light they comprise, or via the direct detection of the charged particles they carry. Present arrays, 100 times more sensitive than the pioneering experiments, have detected a large number of astrophysical sources of various types, thus opening a new window on the non-thermal Universe. New, even more sensitive instruments are currently being built; these will allow us to explore further this fascinating domain. In this article we describe the detection techniques, the history of the field and the prospects for the future of ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Quantum multipole noise
Creators: name: Pechen, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum multipole noise is defined as a family of creation and annihilation operators with commutation relations proportional to derivatives of delta function of difference of the times, $[c^-_n(t),c^+_n(τ)]\approx δ^{(n)}(τ-t)$. In this paper an explicit operator representation of the quantum multipole noise is constructed in a suitable pseudo-Hilbert space (i.e., in a Hilbert space with indefinite metric). For making this representation, we introduce a class of Hilbert spaces obtained as completion of the Schwartz space in specific norms. Using this representation, we obtain an asymptotic expansion as a series in quantum multipole noise for multitime correlation functions which describe the dynamics of open quantum systems weakly interacting with a reservoir.
On growth of spinodal instabilities in nuclear matter-II:asymmetric matter
Creators: name: Acar, F.
name: Ayik, S.
name: Yilmaz, O.
name: Gokalp, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an extension of our previous work, the growth of density fluctuations in the spinodal region of charge asymmetric nuclear matter is investigated in the basis of the stochastic mean-field approach in the non-relativistic framework. A complete treatment of density correlation functions are presented by including collective modes and non-collective modes as well.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by Physical Review C
Gerold Meyer von Knonau
Creators: name: Largiadèr, Anton
Publisher: name: Leemann Druckerei
Year: 1931
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Meyer von Knonau, Gerold
subject: Nachruf
subject: Zürich

description: Separatabdruck aus der Zeitschrift für Schweizerische Geschichte, XI. Jahrgang, Heft 2, 1931
title: Joseph Victor Widmann
title: 1842-1911
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Korrodi, Eduard
Publisher: name: Gebrüder Paetel
Year: 1912
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Widmann, Joseph Viktor
subject: Brněnské Ivanovice
subject: Bern

description: Sonderabdruck aus Deutsche Rundschau, 38. Jahrgang, Heft 4, Januar 1912
How to distinguish elastically scattered light from Stokes shifted light for solid-state lighting?
Creators: name: Meretska, M.
name: Lagendijk, A.
name: Thyrrestrup, H.
name: Mosk, A. P.
name: IJzerman, W. L.
name: Vos, W. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the transport of light through phosphor diffuser plates that are used in commercial solid-state lighting modules (Fortimo). These polymer plates contain $\mathrm{YAG:Ce}^{+3}$ phosphor particles that elastically scatter light and Stokes shifts it in the visible wavelength range (400-700 nm). We excite the phosphor with a narrowband light source, and measure spectra of the outgoing light. The Stokes shifted light is separated from the elastically scattered light in the measured spectra and using this technique we isolate the elastic transmission of the plates. This result allows us to extract the transport mean free path $l_{\mathrm{tr}}$ over the full wavelength range by employing diffusion theory. Simultaneously, we determine the absorption mean free path $l_{\mathrm{abs}}$ in the wavelength range 400 to 530 nm where $\mathrm{YAG:Ce}^{+3}$ absorbs. The diffuse absorption $μ_{\mathrm{a}} =\frac{1}{l_{\mathrm{abs}}}$ spectrum is qualitative similar to the absorption coefficient of $\mathrm{YAG:Ce}^{+3}$ in powder, with the $μ_{\mathrm{a}}$ spectrum being wider than the absorption coefficient. We propose a design rule for the solid-state lighting diffuser plates.
Multiscale numerical methods for passive advection-diffusion in incompressible turbulent flow fields
Creators: name: Lee, Yoonsang
name: Engquist, Bjorn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65Mxx, 76F25, 76M50

description: We propose a seamless multiscale method which approximates the macroscopic behavior of the passive advection-diffusion equations with steady incompressible velocity fields with multi-spatial scales. The method uses decompositions of the velocity fields in the Fourier space, which are similar to the decomposition in large eddy simulations. It also uses a hierarchy of local domains with different resolutions as in multigrid methods. The effective diffusivity from finer scale is used for the next coarser level computation and this process is repeated up to the coarsest scale of interest. The grids are only in local domains whose sizes decrease depending on the resolution level so that the overall computational complexity increases linearly as the number of different resolution grids increases. The method captures interactions between finer and coarser scales but has to sacrifice some of the interaction between the fine scales. The proposed method is numerically tested with 2D examples including a successful approximation to a continuous spectrum flow.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Journal of Computational Physics
Validity of the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis in $^{238}$Np
Creators: name: Guttormsen, M.
name: Larsen, A. C.
name: Görgen, A.
name: Renstrøm, T.
name: Siem, S.
name: Tornyi, T. G.
name: Tveten, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed primary $γ$-ray spectra of the odd-odd $^{238}$Np nucleus extracted from $^{237}$Np($d,pγ$)$^{238}$Np coincidence data measured at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory. The primary $γ$ spectra cover an excitation-energy region of $0 \leq E_i \leq 5.4$ MeV, and allowed us to perform a detailed study of the $γ$-ray strength as function of excitation energy. Hence, we could test the validity of the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis, which, in its strictest form, claims no excitation-energy dependence on the $γ$ strength. In this work, using the available high-quality $^{238}$Np data, we show that the $γ$-ray strength function is to a very large extent independent on the initial and final states. Thus, for the first time, the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis has been experimentally verified for $γ$ transitions between states in the quasi-continuum region, not only for specific collective resonances, but also for the full strength below the neutron separation energy. Based on our findings, the necessary criteria for the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis to be fulfilled are outlined.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
An Examination of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Transfer Rule and its Effect on Academic Success at a Division I-A Institution
Creators: name: Williams, Andre
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The purpose of this study was to examine student athletes’ and non-athletes’ academic performance within the criterion of being a transfer or non-transfer student at a Division I-A institution. Data was collected on a total of 2,740 students, through submission from the University of North Carolina’s Institutional Research Department. Measurements of academic success were analyzed by using one-sample t-test, independent t-test, and descriptive statistics. Results indicated significant differences among all four comparisons (1. non-transfer non-student-athletes v. non-transfer student-athletes; 2. transfer non-student-athletes v. transfer student-athletes; 3. non-transfer non-student-athletes v. transfer non-student-athletes; 4. non-transfer student-athletes v. transfer student-athletes). Non-student-athletes were found to have the greatest academic success. Of the non-student-athletes, non-transfer non-student-athletes reached a higher level of academic success than transfer non-student-athletes. Transfer-student-athletes showed to have a higher probability of gaining more academic success than non-transfer student-athletes, but were generally out-performed by transfer non-student-athletes. When excluding transferring from the equation, non-transfer non-student-athletes’ academic success surpassed non-transfer student-athletes. Data from this study will hopefully provide a foundation to lead into additional research examining if the NCAA transfer rule is too restrictive or lenient.
Conservation Law for Massive Scale-Invariant Photons in Weyl-Invariant Gravity
Creators: name: Shukla, Aradhya
name: Abhinav, Kumar
name: Panigrahi, Prasanta K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated that a Stueckelberg-type gauge theory, coupled to the scalar-tensor theory of gravity, is invariant under both gauge and Weyl transformations. Unlike the pure Stueckelberg theory, this coupled Lagrangian has a genuine Weyl symmetry, with a non-vanishing current. The above is true in the Jordan frame, whereas in the Einstein frame, the same theory manifests as Proca theory in presence of pure gravity. It is found that broken scale invariance leads to simultaneous spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry.
description: 11 pages, title modified, minor corrections, typos fixed, references updated, no figures
Massive Yang-Mills for Vector and Axial-Vector Spectral Functions at Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Hohler, Paul M.
name: Rapp, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hadronic mechanism which leads to chiral symmetry restoration is explored in the context of the rho-pi-a_1 system using Massive Yang-Mills, a hadronic effective theory which governs their microscopic interactions. In this approach, vector and axial-vector mesons are implemented as gauge bosons of a local chiral gauge group. We have previously shown that this model can describe the experimentally measured vector and axial-vector spectral functions in vacuum. Here, we carry the analysis to finite temperatures by evaluating medium effects in a pion gas and calculating thermal spectral functions. We find that the spectral peaks in both channels broaden along with a noticeable downward mass shift in the a_1 spectral peak and negligible movement of the rho peak. The approach toward spectral function degeneracy is accompanied by a reduction of chiral order parameters, i.e., the pion decay constant and scalar condensate. Our findings suggest a mechanism where the chiral mass splitting induced in vacuum is burned off. We explore this mechanism and identify future investigations which can further test it.
description: 28 pages, 24 figures
The large- and small-scale CaII K structure of the Milky Way from observations of Galactic and Magellanic sightlines
Creators: name: Smoker, J. V.
name: Keenan, F. P.
name: Fox, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: By utilising spectra of early-type stellar probes of known distances in the same region of the sky, the large and small-scale (pc) structure of the Galactic ISM can be investigated. This paper determines the variation in line strength of CaII at 3933.661 A, as a function of probe separation for a sample of stars, including many sightlines in the Magellanic Clouds. Methods: FLAMES-GIRAFFE data taken with the VLT towards early-type stars in 3 Galactic & 4 Magellanic open clusters in CaII are used to obtain the velocity, EW, column density and line width of IS Galactic Ca for a total of 657 stars, of which 443 are Magellanic sightlines. In each cluster there are 43-110 stars observed. Additionally, FEROS and UVES CaII & NaI spectra of 21 Galactic & 154 Magellanic early-type stars are presented and combined with data from the literature to study the Ca column density/parallax relationship. Results: For the four Magellanic clusters studied with FLAMES, the strength of the Galactic IS CaII K EW over transverse scales from 0.05-9 pc is found to vary by factors of 1.8-3.0, corresponding to column density variations of 0.3-0.5 dex in the optically-thin approximation. Using FLAMES, FEROS and UVES archive spectra, the min and max reduced EW for MW gas is found to lie in the range 35-125 mA & 30-160 mA for CaII K and NaI D, respectively. The range is consistent with a simple model of the ISM published by van Loon et al. (2009) consisting of spherical cloudlets of filling factor 0.3, although other geometries are not ruled out. Finally, the derived functional form for parallax and CaII column density is found to be pi(mas)=1/(2.39e-13 x N(CaII)(cm-2)+0.11). Our derived parallax is 25 per cent lower than predicted by Megier et al. (2009) at a distance of 100 pc and 15% lower at a distance of 200 pc, reflecting inhomogeneity in the CaII distribution in the different sightlines studied.
description: The full version including online material is available via the Astronomy and Astrophysics website http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/olm/2015/10/aa25190-14/aa25190-14.html
Optimal Redshift Weighting For Redshift Space Distortions
Creators: name: Ruggeri, Rossana
name: Percival, Will
name: Gil-Marín, Héctor
name: Zhu, Fangzhou
name: Zhao, Gongbo
name: Wang, Yuting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low statistical errors on cosmological parameters promised by future galaxy surveys will only be realised with the development of new, fast, analysis methods that reduce potential systematic problems to low levels. We present an efficient method for measuring the evolution of the growth of structure using Redshift Space Distortions (RSD), that removes the need to make measurements in redshift shells. We provide sets of galaxy-weights that cover a wide range in redshift, but are optimised to provide differential information about cosmological evolution. These are derived to optimally measure the coefficients of a parameterisation of the redshift-dependent matter density, which provides a framework to measure deviations from the concordance $Λ$CDM cosmology, allowing for deviations in both geometric and/or growth. We test the robustness of the weights by comparing with alternative schemes and investigate the impact of galaxy bias. We extend the results to measure the combined anisotropic Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and RSD signals.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Time reversal invariant gapped boundaries of the double semion state
Creators: name: Burnell, Fiona
name: Chen, Xie
name: Kitaev, Alexei
name: Metlitski, Max
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The boundary of a fractionalized topological phase can be gapped by condensing a proper set of bosonic quasiparticles. Interestingly, in the presence of a global symmetry, such a boundary can have different symmetry transformation properties. Here we present an explicit example of this kind, in the double semion state with time reversal symmetry. We find two distinct cases where the semionic excitations on the boundary can transform either as time reversal singlets or as time reversal (Kramers) doublets, depending on the coherent phase factor of the Bose condensate. The existence of these two possibilities are demonstrated using both field theory argument and exactly solvable lattice models. Furthermore, we study the domain walls between these two types of gapped boundaries and find that the application of time reversal symmetry tunnels a semion between them.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Gas outflows in Seyfert galaxies: effects of star formation versus AGN feedbacks
Creators: name: Melioli, Claudio
name: Pino, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale, weakly collimated outflows are very common in galaxies with large infrared luminosities. In complex systems in particular, where intense star formation (SF) coexists with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), it is not clear yet from observations whether the SF, the AGN, or both are driving these outflows. Accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are expected to influence their host galaxies through kinetic and radiative feedback processes, but in a Seyfert galaxy where the energy emitted in the nuclear region is comparable to that of the body of the galaxy, it is possible that stellar activity is also playing a key role in these processes. In order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms driving the gas evolution specially at the nuclear regions of these galaxies, we have performed high-resolution three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with radiative cooling considering the feedback from both star formation regions including supernova (type I and II) explosions and an AGN jet emerging from the central region of the active spiral galaxy. We computed the gas mass lost by the system, separating the role of each of these injection energy sources on the galaxy evolution and found that at scales within one kiloparsec an outflow can be generally established considering intense nuclear star formation only. The jet alone is unable to drive a massive gas outflow, although it can sporadically drag and accelerate clumps of the underlying outflow to very high velocities.
description: 25 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
On the polarization properties of magnetar giant flare pulsating tails
Creators: name: Yang, Yuan-Pei
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three giant flares have been detected so far from soft gamma-ray repeaters, each characterized by an initial short hard spike and a pulsating tail. The observed pulsating tails are characterized by a duration of $\sim100\,\rm{s}$, an isotropic energy of $\sim 10^{44}\,\rm{erg}$, and a pulse period of a few seconds. The pulsating tail emission likely originates from the residual energy after the intense energy release during the initial spike, which forms a trapped fireball composed of a photon-pair plasma in a closed field line region of the magnetars. Observationally the spectra of pulsating tails can be fitted by the superposition of a thermal component and a power-law component, with the thermal component dominating the emission in the early and late stages of the pulsating tail observations. In this paper, assuming that the trapped fireball is from a closed field line region in the magnetosphere, we calculate the atmosphere structure of the optically-thick trapped fireball and the polarization properties of the trapped fireball. By properly treating the photon propagation in a hot, highly magnetized, electron-positron pair plasma, we tally photons in two modes (O mode and E mode) at a certain observational angle through Monte Carlo simulations. Our results suggest that the polarization degree depends on the viewing angle with respect to the magnetic axis of the magnetar, and can be as high as $Π\simeq30\%$ in the $1-30\,\rm{keV}$ band, and $Π\simeq10\%$ in the $30-100\,\rm{keV}$ band, if the line of sight is perpendicular to the magnetic axis.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
IKP and Friends
Creators: name: Lubarsky, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03F50, 03E35, 03E45, 03E70, 03D60

description: The basics of Intuitionistic Kripke-Platek set theory are developed, and some independence results among related classically equivalent theories are shown using Kripke models.
Non-free iterative differential modules
Creators: name: Maurischat, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12H20, 13B05

description: In the article "Picard-Vessiot theory of differentially simple rings" we established a Picard-Vessiot theory over differentially simple rings which may not be fields. Differential modules over such rings were proven to be locally free but do not have to be free as modules. In this article, we give a family of examples of non-free differential modules, and compute Picard-Vessiot rings as well as Galois groups for them.
description: 11 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1304.7663
Fast vs. slow fashion: The discursive framing of 'green' garments and 'greenwashing' in advertisement: A multimodal critical discourse analysis
Creators: name: Yaiza Best
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sustainability, Fast vs. Slow Fashion, Advertising, Greenwashing, Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis

description: The (fast) fashion industry is not only held responsible for substantial environmental pollution but also social issues such as cheap labour and poor working conditions. This calls for a transition towards more sustainable consumption and production patterns in the fashion industry, making it an important area of action for sustainable development. However, with the increasing popularity of green marketing strategies, greenwashing has been found to impede consumers’ trust in green claims. Against this backdrop, this research project set out to analyse the discursive framing of green garments’ advertising. The data was collected across the websites of two ‘slow’ and two ‘fast’ fashion brands. By adopting the methodology of a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis, three significant discursive themes were identified: ‘erasure’ and ‘visible-invisible labour’, (un)equal power relations between brand and consumers, and lastly so-called ‘Footprint ideologies’ and environmental responsibility. Furthermore, the analysis also found alignment with three ‘greenwashing sins’: the Sin of Hidden Trade-Off, the Sin of Vagueness, and the Sin of ‘Lesser of Two Evils’.
Independence Results around Constructive ZF
Creators: name: Lubarsky, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03F50, 03E35, 03E70

description: Using Kripke models, it is shown that CZF does not prove Power Set, and that CZF with Subset Collection substituted by Exponentiation does not prove Subset Collection.
LC reconstruction prototype in Key4HEP
Creators: name: T. Madlener
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: WP12

description: The iLCSoft software stack, developed originally by the linear collider communities, is part of the Key4hep software stack. While iLCSoft comes with its own event processing framework in the form of Marlin, Key4hep has decided to adopt Gaudi as its main event processing framework. In order to make it possible to benefit from the almost two decades of development work that has already gone into functionality provided by iLCSoft, a Marlin wrapper has been developed that allows Marlin Processors to run inside the Gaudi based Key4hep framework unchanged. This milestone demonstrates the ability to run existing reconstruction and analysis chains from iLCSoft entirely inside the Gaudi ecosystem.
Dense granular flow rheology in turbulent bedload transport
Creators: name: Maurin, Raphael
name: Chauchat, Julien
name: Frey, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local granular rheology is investigated numerically in turbulent bedload transport. Considering spherical particles, steady uniform configurations are simulated using a coupled fluid-discrete-element model. The stress tensor is computed as a function of the depth for a series of simulations varying the Shields number, the specific density and the particle diameter. The results are analyzed in the framework of the $μ(I)$ rheology and exhibit a collapse of both the shear to normal stress ratio and the solid volume fraction over a wide range of inertial numbers. Contrary to expectations, the effect of the interstitial fluid on the granular rheology is shown to be negligible, supporting recent work suggesting the absence of a clear transition between the free-fall and turbulent regime. In addition, data collapse is observed up to unexpectedly high inertial numbers $I\sim2$, challenging the existing conceptions and parametrization of the $μ(I)$ rheology. Focusing upon bedload transport modelling, the results are pragmatically analyzed in the $μ(I)$ framework in order to propose a granular rheology for bedload transport. The proposed rheology is tested using a 1D volume-averaged two-phase continuous model, and is shown to accurately reproduce the dense granular flow profiles and the sediment transport rate over a wide range of Shields numbers. The present contribution represents a step in the upscaling process from particle-scale simulations toward large-scale applications involving complex flow geometry.
Cavity and HOM Coupler Design for CEPC
Creators: name: Zheng, Hongjuan
name: Gao, Jie
name: Liu, Zhenchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we will show a cavity and higher order mode (HOM) coupler designing scheme for the Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) main ring. The cavity radio frequency (RF) design parameters are showed in this paper. The HOM power is calculated based on the beam parameters in the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report (Pre-CDR). The damping results of the higher order modes (HOMs) and same order modes (SOMs) show that they are reached the damping requirements for beam stability.
CZF and Second Order Arithmetic
Creators: name: Lubarsky, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03F25, 03F35, 03F50, 03E35, 03E70, 03D80

description: CZF + Separation is shown to be equiconsistent with second-order arithmetic, using realizability.
The stability and gravitational Newtonian limit of a modified Randall-Sundrum model
Creators: name: Parvizi, Shahrokh
name: Shahbazi, Mojtaba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a modified Randall-Sundrum model [Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 025048], the graviton equations are derived and the mass spectrum found. The latter includes a massless graviton and a continuum mass with a gap. There is no negative mass-squared in the spectrum, so the model is stable. The gravitational Newtonian limit is obtained with an exponentially suppressed modification from extra dimension.
description: 10 pages
Mg II Lines Observed during the X-class Flare on 29 March 2014 by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
Creators: name: Liu, W.
name: Heinzel, P.
name: Kleint, L.
name: Kasparova, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mg II lines represent one of the strongest emissions from the chromospheric plasma during solar flares. In this article, we studied the Mg II lines observed during the X1 flare on March 29 2014 (SOL2014-03-29T17:48) by IRIS. IRIS detected large intensity enhancements of the Mg II h and k lines, subordinate triplet lines, and several other metallic lines at the flare footpoints during this flare. We have used the advantage of the slit-scanning mode (rastering) of IRIS and performed, for the first time, a detailed analysis of spatial and temporal variations of the spectra. Moreover, we were also able to identify positions of strongest HXR emissions using RHESSI observations and to correlate them with the spatial and temporal evolution of Mg II spectra. The light curves of the Mg II lines increase and peak contemporarily with the HXR emissions but decay more gradually. There are large red asymmetries in the Mg II h and k lines after the flare peak. We see two spatially well separated groups of Mg II line profiles, non-reversed and reversed. In some cases, the Mg II footpoints with reversed profiles are correlated with HXR sources. We show the spatial and temporal behavior of several other line parameters (line metrics) and briefly discuss them. Finally, we have synthesized the Mg II k line using our non-LTE code with the MALI technique. Two kinds of models are considered, the flare model F2 of Machado et al. (1980) and the models of Ricchiazzi and Canfield (1983). Model F2 reproduces the peak intensity of the unreversed Mg II k profile at flare maximum but does not account for high wing intensities. On the other hand, the RC models show the sensitivity of Mg II line intensities to various electron-beam parameters. Our simulations also show that the microturbulence produces a broader line core, while the intense line wings are caused by an enhanced line source function.
description: 25 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Persistence of a Non-Equilibrium State: Observation of a Boltzmannian Special Case
Creators: name: Lobser, D. S.
name: Barentine, A. E. S.
name: Cornell, E. A.
name: Lewandowski, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Well before the atomistic nature of matter was experimentally established, Ludwig Boltzmann's audacious effort to explain the macroscopic world of human experience in terms of the workings of an unseen microscopic world met with vigorous opposition. A contentious point was the problem of irreversibility: the microscopic equations of motion are reversible, yet friction and viscosity cause things always to slow down and warm up, never to speed up and cool down. What was worse, Boltzmann himself discovered that his transport equation predicts special cases in which gases never come to thermal equilibrium, a particular example being that the monopole "breathe" mode of gas will never damp if it is confined in 3D to a perfectly isotropic harmonic potential. Such absences of damping were not observed in nature. Nondamping of a monopole mode in lower dimensional systems has only very recently been observed, using cold atoms. Kinoshita et al. and Chevy et al. have experimentally observed suppressed relaxation in highly elongated geometries. The difficulty in generating sufficiently spherical harmonic confinement for ultracold atoms, however, has meant that Boltzmann's fully 3D, isotropic case has never been observed. With the development of a new magnetic trap capable of producing near-spherical harmonic confinement for ultracold atoms, we have been able to make the first observation of this historically significant oddity. We observe a monopole mode for which the collisional contribution to damping vanishes, a long-delayed vindication for Boltzmann's microscopic theory.