cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Periodic variations of the gravitational force. A gravity survey in the Monk Hill area. Transmission of shot impulses in shallow water.
Creators: name: Geldart, Lloyd Philip
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1949
Subjects: subject: San Rafael Hills
subject: Raymond Basin
subject: water waves
subject: gravimeter
subject: Monk Hill
subject: Mt. Wilson
subject: gravitational force
subject: ground waves
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Part I:
Using a La Coste and Romberg gravimeter, readings were taken every half hour for 72 hours immediately preceding full moon in the sub-basement of Mudd Building, California Institute of Technology, and for 56 hours immediately following in the interferometer building on Mount Wilson.  Observed values were compared with values calculated on the hypothesis of a rigid earth, the results showing more yielding at Mount Wilson (22%) than at Mudd Building (16%).  Effects due to ocean tides and barometric changes were estimated.  After the removal of drift and earth tide effects, the residuals showed periods of 24, 12, 6, and 2 hours, the 24 hour period being very strong at Mount Wilson.

Part II:
Using a La Coste and Rombert gravimeter, gravity values were obtained at 65 stations in the vicinity of Monk Hill, Pasadena.  A density value for elevation corrections was obtained using a least squares method and data obtained with a network of 35 stations in Washington Park.  A topographical correction was also made for the San Gabriel Mountains to the north of the area.

The corrected gravity data were used to calculate elevations of the basement along Howard Street, and the resulting basement profile compared with one obtained by a seismograph survey.

Part III:
The properties of various types of waves set up by underwater explosions is discussed from the viewpoint of their application in locating shot points in seismic work carried on over water.  The construction of the audio amplifiers and filters used to record these waves is described, together with the results of a preliminary check of their performance.
Collimation and scattering of the active galactic nucleus emission in the Sombrero galaxy
Creators: name: Menezes, R. B.
name: Steiner, J. E.
name: Ricci, T. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of a data cube of the central region of M104, the Sombrero galaxy, obtained with the GMOS-IFU of the Gemini-South telescope, and report the discovery of collimation and scattering of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) emission in the circumnuclear region of this galaxy. Analysis with PCA Tomography and spectral synthesis revealed the existence of collimation and scattering of the AGN featureless continuum and also of a broad component of the Hα emission line. The collimation and scattering of this broad Hα component was also revealed by fitting the [NII] λλ6548,6583 and Hα emission lines as a sum of Gaussian functions. The spectral synthesis, together with a V-I image obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, showed the existence of circumnuclear dust, which may cause the light scattering. We also identify a dusty feature that may be interpreted as a torus/disk structure. The existence of two opposite regions with featureless continuum (P.A. = -18° +/- 13° and P.A. = 162° +/- 13°) along a direction perpendicular to the torus/disk (P.A. = 72° +/- 14°) suggests that this structure is approximately edge-on and collimates the AGN emission. The edge-on torus/disk also hides the broad-line region. The proposed scenario is compatible with the Unified Model and explains why only a weak broad component of the Hα emission line is visible and also why many previous studies detected no broad Hα. The technique used here proved to be an efficient method not only for detecting scattered light but also for testing the Unified Model in low luminosity AGNs.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Photon trajectories, anomalous velocities, and weak measurements: A classical interpretation
Creators: name: Bliokh, Konstantin Y.
name: Bekshaev, Aleksandr Y.
name: Kofman, Abraham G.
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Kocsis et al. reported the observation of "average trajectories of single photons" in a two-slit interference experiment [Science 332, 1170 (2011)]. This was possible by using the quantum weak-measurements method, which implies averaging over many events, i.e., in fact, a multi-photon limit of classical linear optics. We give a classical-optics interpretation to this experiment and other related problems. It appears that weak measurements of the local momentum of photons made by Kocsis et al. represent measurements of the Poynting vector in an optical field. We consider both the real and imaginary parts of the local momentum, and show that their measurements have been realized in classical optics using small probe particles. We also examine the appearance of "anomalous" values of the local momentum: either negative (backflow) or exceeding the wavenumber (superluminal propagation). These features appear to be closely related to vortices and evanescent waves. Finally, we revisit a number of older works and find examples of photon-trajectories and anomalous-momentum measurements in various optical experiments.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, to appear in New J. Phys
MPOG S-PATH validation
Creators: name: Lou, Sunny
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Health Information Technology
subject: Surgery
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Anesthesiology

description: This is a study protocol and statistical analysis plan for a research project that will evaluate the performance of S-PATH, a publicly available surgical transfusion risk predictive model, across all MPOG participating hospitals. The goal is to externally validate S-PATH performance across a diverse range of hospitals, and to determine if any hospital-level demographic factors are associated with variation in S-PATH performance.
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in events with a single lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum
Creators: name: The CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are reported from a search for new physics processes in events containing a single isolated high-transverse-momentum lepton (electron or muon), energetic jets, and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a 4.98 inverse femtobarn sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, obtained with the CMS detector at the LHC. Three separate background estimation methods, each relying primarily on control samples in the data, are applied to a range of signal regions, providing complementary approaches for estimating the background yields. The observed yields are consistent with the predicted standard model backgrounds. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the parameter space for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model, as well as on cross sections for simplified models, which provide a generic description of the production and decay of new particles in specific, topology based final states.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
5D super Yang-Mills theory and the correspondence to AdS$_7$/CFT$_6$
Creators: name: Minahan, Joseph A.
name: Nedelin, Anton
name: Zabzine, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relation between 5D super Yang-Mills theory and the holographic description of 6D (2,0) superconformal theory. We start by clarifying some issues related to the localization of N=1 SYM with matter on $S^5$. We concentrate on the case of a single adjoint hypermultiplet with a mass term and argue that the theory has a symmetry enlargement at mass M=1/(2r), where r is the $S^5$ radius. However, in order to have a well-defined localization locus it is necessary to rotate M onto the imaginary axis, breaking the enlarged symmetry. Based on our prescription, the imaginary mass values are physical and we show how the localized path integral is consistent with earlier results for 5D SYM in flat space. We then compute the free energy and the expectation value for a circular Wilson loop in the large N limit. The Wilson loop calculation shows a mass dependent constant rescaling between weak and strong coupling. The Wilson loop continued back to to the enlarged symmetry point is consistent with a supergravity computation for an M2 brane using the standard identification of the compactification radius and the 5D coupling. If we continue back to the physical regime and use this value of the mass to determine the compactification radius, then we find agreement between the SYM free energy and the corresponding supergravity calculation. We also verify numerically some of our analytic approximations.
description: 24 pages, factor corrected, comparison to 1-loop flat result is added
Primordial tensor power spectrum in holonomy corrected Omega-LQC
Creators: name: Linsefors, Linda
name: Cailleteau, Thomas
name: Barrau, Aurelien
name: Grain, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The holonomy correction is one of the main terms arising when implementing loop quantum gravity ideas at an effective level in cosmology. The recent construction of an anomaly free algebra has shown that the formalism used, up to now, to derive the primordial spectrum of fluctuations was not correct. This article aims at computing the tensor spectrum in a fully consistent way within this deformed and closed algebra.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Nonequilibrium adsorption of 2AnB patchy colloids on substrates
Creators: name: Dias, C. S.
name: Araújo, N. A. M.
name: da Gama, M. M. Telo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the irreversible adsorption of spherical $2AnB$ patchy colloids (with two $A$-patches on the poles and $n$ $B$-patches along the equator) on a substrate. In particular, we consider dissimilar $AA$, $AB$, and $BB$ binding probabilities. We characterize the patch-colloid network and its dependence on $n$ and on the binding probabilities. Two growth regimes are identified with different density profiles and we calculate a growth mode diagram as a function of the colloid parameters. We also find that, close to the substrate, the density of the network, which depends on the colloid parameters, is characterized by a depletion zone.
Instructor perspectives on the use of tag-organised assessment to facilitate formative assessment strategies in STEM courses
Creators: name: Castleberry, Colin
name: Hanner, Ainsley
name: Burks, Gabriel
name: Amos, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: As classroom diversity increases across educational domains, additional stress is placed on instructors to provide effective and personalised learning experiences. Formative assessments can inform instructors of learning differences between student cohorts and individual students, allowing adaptation of learning experiences to individual student needs. This work is motivated by the need for faculty to implement formative assessment strategies, such that instructors can adapt the classroom-assessment environment by identifying learning goals, categorising or tagging assessment questions by learning goal categories, and organising the assessment data by tag. This paper summarises how tag-organised assessment (TOA) may be implemented and visualised to facilitate formative assessment strategies. We validated our TOA approach by interviewing instructors on needs in classroom-assessment environments and the usefulness of TOA visualisations to address assessment needs. Instructors perceived TOA visualisations as beneficial for synchronising learning goals with assessment coverage, improving student feedback, and communicating learning goals and success criteria to students.
An experimental investigation of hypersonic flow over blunt nosed cones at a Mach number of 5.8
Creators: name: O'Bryant, William T.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1956
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: NOTE:  Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.

Shock shapes were observed and static pressures were measured on spherically-blunted cones at a nominal Mach number of 5.8 over a range of Reynolds numbers per inch from 97,000 to 238,000 for angles of yaw from 0[degrees] to 8[degrees]. Six combinations of the bluntness ratios 0.4, 0.8, and 1.064 with the cone half angles 10[degrees], 20[degrees], and 40[degrees] were used in determining the significant parameters governing pressure distribution.

The pressure distribution on the spherical nose for both yawed and unyawed bodies is predicted quite accurately by the modified Newtonian theory given by [...], where [...] is the angle between the normal to a surface element and the flow direction ahead of the bow shock. On the nose-cone junction and the conical afterbody, cone half angle was found to be the significant parameter in determining the length of the transition zone. For a cone half-angle of 40[degrees], a pressure minimum exists on the skirt immediately downstream of the nose-cone junction, but this pressure minimum is located far downstream when the half-angle is 20[degrees]. The tangent cone concept at angles of yaw is useful in predicting the downstream movement of the pressure minimum. Shock detachment distance between bow shock and body surface on the axis varies linearly with nose radius. Drag coefficients for bodies at zero yaw compare very closely with those obtained by integrating the modified Newtonian approximation, except at large half-angles and low bluntnesses where drag approaches that given by the Taylor-Maccoll theory for sharp cones.
Analysis of the airline systems performance by varying inputs, viz. jet aircraft, routes and scheduling
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Arun N.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1972
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: This is a systems analysis study of the commercial airlines. In essence, it provides a systematic procedure for determining a combination of decisions regarding the aircraft, routes and scheduling which maximizes overall effectiveness.

The model treats the aircraft, route and the scheduling as basic inputs, passenger-mile or ton-mile as basic outputs, revenue and cost as the monetary output and input respectively, to the airline system. Out of the numerous and diverse management objectives, the profit is chosen as a performance parameter, however noting that the return on investment would be a more realistic parameter. As a simplification, a multiple relationship between the direct and the indirect operating cost is used to eliminate indirect operating cost, and the attention is focused on the direct operating cost. The core idea of the profit computation is the deterministic approach to the costs and the probabilistic approach to the revenues.

Four major steps can be observed, namely:

1.  Collection and systematic presentation of the relevant data about the aircraft and routes, taking into account the operational and technical constraints. This system reduces the number of possible alternatives, thus simplifying decision analysis. The pictorial representation of this system appears on the next sheet.

2.  A set of equations for the direct operating cost computation is developed, employing a technique of multiple regression analysis, by observing U. S. domestic experience of major airlines using B707-320B, B727-100 C/QC, DC9-30 aircraft. (All data is obtained from CAB-Wash.) DOC is further divided into flying, maintenance and depreciation. With the help of these equations, the direct operating cost could be predicted knowing the characteristics of the aircraft (number of engines, operating empty weight, fuel consumption), routes (average stage length) and scheduling (utilization).

3.  The probabilistic revenue calculations are carried out using a simplified Monte Carlo simulation and expected value approach. The impact of alternative modes of transportation and the competition on the route has been given proper weightage. Even though calculations are done for three station problems, an extension is possible for complicated route networks.

4.  By judging the profit performance, a feedback system is proposed.
Solubilization and partial characterization of the tetrodotoxin binding component from electric eel electroplaque
Creators: name: Stackhouse, Frank A.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1977
Subjects: Chemistry

description: The tetrodotoxin (TTX) binding component from the electroplaque of Electrophorus electricus was solubilized and studied using ^3H-TTX purified by a modified procedure using Bio-Rex-70 at pH 8.7. The best extraction yield was obtained from a solubilization in 1-2% Lubroi-PX, at pH 7.6, for 2 hours, at a membrane fragment concentration equivalent to 2.0 - 2.5 g original wet weight tissue/ml. Gel filtration on Sepharose-6B was used to verify that the TTX binding component was solubilized. The molecular weight of the solubilized component was found to be about 200,000 using 10-43% glycerol gradients. A Sephadex G-50 assay was used to study binding. A K_D of 1.2 nM was obtained for ^3H-TTX binding. This binding was affected by cations in a manner similar to that found by Reed and Raftery
[Biochemistry 15:944-953 (1975)]. The solubilized material was found to be unstable with respect to TTX binding; this stability was affected by the presence of cations and TTX, but not veratridine or procaine.
Geology of the Upper Tick Canyon area, California
Creators: name: Birman, Joseph Harold
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1950
Subjects: subject: Agua Dulce Canyon
subject: Tick Canyon
subject: San Andreas rift
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Tick Canyon Formation
subject: basement complex
subject: Mint Canyon Formation
subject: Vasquez Formation

description: The rocks of the upper Tick Canyon area comprise pre-Cretaceous crystalline complex ("basement complex"), the Oligocene (?) Vasquez formation, the Miocene Tick Canyon formation, the upper Miocene Mint Canyon formation, and Quaternary terrace deposits, alluvial fan material, and stream deposits. The oldest rocks are schists and gneisses, intruded by granitic rocks.

The Vazquez formation, more than 4,000 feet thick, contains fanglomerates, arkosic sandstones, fine-grained lake deposits, and volcanic flows. It lies against or upon the rocks of the basement complex in places with fault contact and elsewhere with depositional contact. It dips steeply, and in places it ís folded into anticlines and synclines that gently plunge south of west. It contains faults of predominantly strike-slip motion in northeasterly or northwesterly direction.

The Tick Canyon formation consists of fine-grained arkosic sandstones and coarse-grained conglomerates.  Its average thickness is about 600 feet. It lies with strong angular unconformity upon the eroded beds of the Vasquez formation.

The Mint Canyon beds are coarse-textured fanglomerates with some interbedded finer-grained arkosic sandstones. The Mint Canyon formation is disconformable upon the beds of the Tick Canyon formation.

The Tick Canyon and Mint Canyon formations dip moderately to the southwest and are slightly folded and faulted along lines of deformtion previously extablished during folding of the Vasquez rocks.

Some of the structural features of the area may be related in origin to the San Andreas rift.

There has been some mining in the area for gold and other metals and for borax and gypsum.
Understanding and controlling N-dimensional quantum walks via dispersion relations. Application to the 2D and 3D Grover walks: Diabolical points and more
Creators: name: de Valcárcel, Germán J.
name: Hinarejos, Margarida
name: Roldán, Eugenio
name: Pérez, Armando
name: Romanelli, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrete quantum walk in N dimensions is analyzed from the perspective of its dispersion relations. This allows understanding known properties, as well as designing new ones when spatially extended initial conditions are considered. This is done by deriving wave equations in the continuum, which are generically of the Schrödinger type, and allow devising interesting behaviors, such as ballistic propagation without deformation, or the generation of almost flat probability distributions, what is corroborated numerically. There are however special points where the energy surfaces display intersections and, near them, the dynamics is entirely different. Applications to the two- and three-dimensional Grover walks are presented.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Downwash distribution behind a wing with an angle of attack discontinuity at supersonic speeds
Creators: name: Gasich, W. E.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1949
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: Investigation of the downwash field behind a wing with an angle of attack discontinuity at supersonic speeds by use of linearized conical flow theory has shown the downwash to be of finite magnitude at all points in and behind the plane of the wing. The downwash at more than five chord lengths behind the wing was found to asymptotically approach the value of downwash calculated in the Trefftz plane. Behind the wing and within the span that is determined by the intersection of the Mach cones from the leading edge with the trailing edge, an unexplicable action of the downwash was found to exist. It was found that at the trailing edge the downwash was a 100 percent of that on the wing surface. At two chord lengths, the downwash was 83 percent. Upon moving aft, it was found that the downwash increased in magnitude and that at 10 chord lengths, it asymptotically approached the value at the Trefftz plane, namely 100 percent again.

By considering an idealized missile configuration, it was found that roll reversal was possible. The possibility of reversal was found to be almost entirely dependent upon the location of the control lifting surfaces with respect to one another.

A brief reference to the sidewash field was made, since the values of sidewash were a natural outgrowth of the solution of the downwash field in the Trefftz plane. An elementary consideration of the sidewash field also showed a contribution to an induced rolling moment that tends to produce roll reversal.
Numerical solution of the t-J model with random exchange couplings in d=infinity dimensions
Creators: name: Otsuki, Junya
name: Vollhardt, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To explore the nature of the metallic state near the transition to a Mott insulator we investigate the t-J model with random exchange interaction in d=infinity dimensions. A numerically exact solution is obtained by an extension of the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo (CT-QMC) method to the case of a vector bosonic field coupled to a local spin. We show that the paramagnetic solution near the Mott insulator describes an incoherent metal with a residual moment, and that single-particle excitations produce an additional band, which is separated from the Mott-Hubbard band.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Providing outpatient cancer care for CALD patients: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Nic Giolla Easpaig, Bróna
name: Tran, Yvonne
name: Winata, Teresa
name: Lamprell, Klay
name: Fajardo Pulido, Diana
name: Arnolda, Gaston
name: Delaney, Geoff P.
name: Liauw, Winston
name: Smith, Kylie
name: Avery, Sandra
name: Rigg, Kim
name: Westbrook, Johanna
name: Olver, Ian
name: Currow, David
name: Girgis, Afaf
name: Karnon, Jonathan
name: Ward, Robyn L.
name: Braithwaite, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview topic guide. A topic guide for the interviews with key informants.
Dynamics of double-well Bose-Einstein Condensates subject to external Gaussian white noise
Creators: name: Zheng, Hanlei
name: Hao, Yajiang
name: Gu, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical properties of the Bose-Einstein condensate in double-well potential subject to Gaussian white noise are investigated by numerically solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The Gaussian white noise is used to describe influence of the random environmental disturbance on the double-well condensate. Dynamical evolutions from three different initial states, the Josephson oscillation state, the running phase and $π$-mode macroscopic quantum self-trapping states are considered. It is shown that the system is rather robust with respect to the weak noise whose strength is small and change rate is high. If the evolution time is sufficiently long, the weak noise will finally drive the system to evolve from high energy states to low energy states, but in a manner rather different from the energy-dissipation effect. In presence of strong noise with either large strength or slow change rate, the double-well condensate may exhibit very irregular dynamical behaviors.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
A book review of Mountain Islands and Desert Seas: A Natural History of the U.S.-Mexican Borderlands by Frederick R. Gehlbach
Creators: name: Sandy, John H.
Publisher: name: Library Journal
Year: 1981
Subjects: natural history
ecology
borderlands
Sonoran Desert
Rio Grande

description: This book explores an area stretching from the lower Rio Grande to the Sonoran Desert. The author describes ecological issues, natural plant and animal communities, and man’s impact on the region. Conservation and diversity are major themes.
Calculation of the Static Longitudinal Stability of Multi-Engine Tractor-Propeller-Driven Monoplanes
Creators: name: Amster, Warren
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1947
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: This report has three main purposes:

1. To establish an engineering computation procedure for predicting CM(c.g.) as a function of CL for a multi-engine monoplane of conventional configuration with tractor propellers mounted on and forward of the wing.

2. To recommend aircraft configurations which will minimize the destabilizing effect of power.

3. To provide a physical explanation for the effect of power on stability.
Suppression of surface p-wave superconductivity in disordered topological insulators
Creators: name: Tkachov, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper proposes a self-consistent Green function description of the induced surface superconductivity in a disordered three-dimensional topological insulator (TI) coupled to an s-wave superconductor. We recover earlier results regarding the induced spin-triplet p-wave pairing, showing that a mixture of p- and s-wave pair correlations appears as a result of broken spin-rotation symmetry on the helical surface of the TI. Unlike the s-wave pairing, the p-wave component is found to be suppressed in dirty TIs in which the elastic mean-free path is much smaller than the superconducting coherence length. The suppression is due to the generic nonlocality of the spin-triplet correlations, which makes them strongly dependent on the mean-free path in a disordered system. In dirty TIs the induced superconductivity is predicted to be predominantly s-wave like. In cleaner TIs, however, the p-wave component may reach a magnitude comparable with (but not larger than) the s-wave pairing.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, references added, improved notations
Perturbation theory for nonlinear halo power spectrum: the renormalized bias and halo bias
Creators: name: Nishizawa, Atsushi J.
name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Nishimichi, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit an analytical model to describe the halo-matter cross-power spectrum and the halo auto-power spectrum in the weakly nonlinear regime, by combining the perturbation theory (PT) for matter clustering, the local bias model, and the halo bias. Nonlinearities in the power spectra arise from the nonlinear clustering of matter as well as the nonlinear relation between the matter and halo density fields. By using the "renormalization" approach, we express the nonlinear power spectra by a sum of the two contributions: the nonlinear matter power spectrum with the effective linear bias parameter, and the higher-order PT spectra having the halo bias parameters as the coefficients. The halo auto-power spectrum includes the residual shot noise contamination that needs to be treated as additional free parameter. The term(s) of the higher-order PT spectra and the residual shot noise cause a scale-dependent bias function relative to the nonlinear matter power spectrum in the weakly nonlinear regime. We show that the model predictions are in good agreement with the spectra measured from a suit of high-resolution $N$-body simulations up to $k\simeq 0.2 h$/Mpc at $z=0.35$, for different halo mass bins.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted to MNRAS
A study of "shear lag" phenomenon in a stiffened flat panel by photoelastic methods
Creators: name: Fan, Hsu-Tsi
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1939
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: In the construction of modern metal airplanes there are many locations where a more or less concentrated load is transferred to a large area of material.  Therefore the design-engineer is frequently confronted with the problem of “shear lag.”  This problem can be treated in a few simple cases by the mathematical theory of elasticity, especially by Airy’s stress functions, but in many other cases, in order to avoid mathematical complexities, certain assumptions must be made which will simplify the analytical solution of the problem.  These assumptions usually do not agree with the actual conditions therefore the results are not adequate.  By the photoelastic method, however, the results obtained by the mathematical theory can be checked.  It is the purpose of this experiment to check the results which have been obtained by the theoretical investigation for a few simple cases.
Potential Biosignatures in Super-Earth Atmospheres II. Photochemical Responses
Creators: name: Grenfell, J. L.
name: Gebauer, S.
name: Godolt, M.
name: Palczynski, K.
name: Rauer, H.
name: Stock, J.
name: Paris, P. v.
name: Lehmann, R.
name: Selsis, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral characterization of Super-Earth atmospheres for planets orbiting in the Habitable Zone of M-dwarf stars is a key focus in exoplanet science. A central challenge is to understand and predict the expected spectral signals of atmospheric biosignatures (species associated with life). Our work applies a global-mean radiative-convective-photochemical column model assuming a planet with an Earth-like biomass and planetary development. We investigated planets with gravities of 1g and 3g and a surface pressure of one bar around central stars with spectral classes from M0 to M7. The spectral signals of the calculated planetary scenarios have been presented by Rauer et al. (2011). The main motivation of the present work is to perform a deeper analysis of the chemical processes in the planetary atmospheres. We apply a diagnostic tool, the Pathway Analysis Program, to shed light on the photochemical pathways that form and destroy biosignature species. Ozone is a potential biosignature for complex- life. An important result of our analysis is a shift in the ozone photochemistry from mainly Chapman production (which dominates in the terrestrial stratosphere) to smog-dominated ozone production for planets in the Habitable Zone of cooler (M5-M7)-class dwarf stars. This result is associated with a lower energy flux in the UVB wavelength range from the central star, hence slower planetary atmospheric photolysis of molecular oxygen, which slows the Chapman ozone production.
description: 53 pages, 7 figures, manuscript accepted at "Astrobiology" Journal
Additional file 1 of Protocol for the Weight-bearing in Ankle Fractures (WAX) trial: a multicentre prospective non-inferiority trial of early versus delayed weight-bearing after operatively managed ankle fracture
Creators: name: Bretherton, C. P.
name: Claireaux, H. A.
name: Achten, J.
name: Athwal, A.
name: Dutton, S. J.
name: Peckham, N.
name: Petrou, S.
name: Kearney, R. S.
name: Appelbe, D.
name: Griffin, X. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The SPIRIT checklist with page numbers.
Quadratic invariants for discrete clusters of weakly interacting waves
Creators: name: Harper, Katie L.
name: Bustamante, Miguel D.
name: Nazarenko, Sergey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider discrete clusters of quasi-resonant triads arising from a Hamiltonian three-wave equation. A cluster consists of N modes forming a total of M connected triads. We investigate the problem of constructing a functionally independent set of quadratic constants of motion. We show that this problem is equivalent to an underlying basic linear problem, consisting of finding the null space of a rectangular (M times N) matrix A with entries 1, -1 and 0. In particular, we prove that the number of independent quadratic invariants is equal to J = N - M* (greater than or equal to N - M), where M* is the number of linearly independent rows in A. Thus, the problem of finding all independent quadratic invariants is reduced to a linear algebra problem in the Hamiltonian case. We establish that the properties of the quadratic invariants (e.g., locality) are related to the topological properties of the clusters (e.g., types of linkage). To do so, we formulate an algorithm for decomposing large clusters into smaller ones and show how various invariants are related to certain parts of a cluster, including the basic structures leading to M* < M. We illustrate our findings by presenting examples from the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima wave model, and by showing a classification of small (up to three-triad) clusters.
description: Improved version, accepted in J. Phys. A
Kinetic Scheme for Solving M1 Model of Radiative Transfer
Creators: name: Kanno, Yuji
name: Harada, Tetsuya
name: Hanawa, Tomoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show a numerical scheme to solve the moment equations of the radiative transfer, i.e., M1 model which follows the evolution of the energy density, $ E $, and the energy flux, $ \mbox{\boldmath$F$} $. In our scheme we reconstruct the intensity from $ E $ and $ \mbox{\boldmath$F$} $ so that it is consistent with the closure relation, relation, $ χ= (3 + 4 f ^2)/(5 + 2 \sqrt{4 - 3 f ^2}) $. Here the symbols, $ χ$, $ f = |\mbox{\boldmath$F$}|/(cE) $, and $ c $, denote the Eddington factor, the reduced flux, and the speed of light, respectively. We evaluate the numerical flux across the cell surface from the kinetically reconstructed intensity. It is an explicit function of $ E $ and $ \mbox{\boldmath$F$} $ in the neighboring cells across the surface considered. We include absorption and reemission within a numerical cell in the evaluation of the numerical flux. The numerical flux approaches to the diffusion approximation when the numerical cell itself is optically thick. Our numerical flux gives a stable solution even when some regions computed are very optically thick. We show the advantages of the numerical flux with examples. They include flash of beamed photons and irradiated protoplanetary disks.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures to appear in PASJ
Additional file 2 of Protocol for the Weight-bearing in Ankle Fractures (WAX) trial: a multicentre prospective non-inferiority trial of early versus delayed weight-bearing after operatively managed ankle fracture
Creators: name: Bretherton, C. P.
name: Claireaux, H. A.
name: Achten, J.
name: Athwal, A.
name: Dutton, S. J.
name: Peckham, N.
name: Petrou, S.
name: Kearney, R. S.
name: Appelbe, D.
name: Griffin, X. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. The WAX SWAT study protocol.
I. Synthesis of methylenecyclobutane from pentaerythrityl chloride. II. The attempted synthesis of cyclobutane. III. Reinvestigation of the synthesis of spiroheptanedicarboxylic acid
Creators: name: Winniford, Robert Stanley
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1948
Subjects: Chemistry

description: I. THE SYNTHESIS OF METHYLENECYCLOBUTANE FROM PENTAERYTHRITYL CHLORIDE

A new method for preparing methylenecyclobutane is described in which the starting material is pentaerythrityl tetrachloride. Pentaerythrityl chloride is dechlorinated by zinc dust in the presence of sodium iodide and sodium carbonate, using as solvent either diethylene glycol or acetamide. Reasonable yields are obtained.

II. THE ATTEMPTED SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOBUTANONE

A synthesis of cyclobutanone through treatment of the methylenecyclobutane-nitrogen trioxide addition compound, with alcoholic potassium hydroxide is not successful.

The oxidation of methylenecyclobutane dibromide with potassium permanganate does not yield cyclobutanone.

III. A REINVESTIGATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF SPIROHEPTANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID

An experiment is described in which two mols of malonic ester are condensed with one mol of pentaerythrityl chloride to form spiroheptanetetracarboxylic acid ester. The tetra acid is decarboxylated by heat to afford the dicarboxylic acid. The procedure is a modification of that described in the literature, whereby spiroheptanedicarboxylic acid is prepared from pentaerythrityl bromide.

A parallel experiment in which pentaerythrityl bromide is condensed with malonic ester is also described.

The yields are low in each case.
Boundary layer measurements at supersonic nozzle throats
Creators: name: Sibulkin, Merwin
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1956
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: Wall static pressure measurements and boundary layer pitot pressure surveys were made near the throat of a flexible wall supersonic wind-tunnel nozzle at three settings having throat radii of curvature from 33 to 59 inches.  It is found that the longitudinal static pressure gradient at the nozzle throat calculated from one-dimensional flow theory agreed with the measured wall static pressure gradient.

The boundary-layer velocity profiles at the nozzle throat are presented and discussed.  The boundary layers were turbulent and 0.046 to 0.107 inch thick.  It is found that the boundary-layer momentum thickness at the nozzle throat calculated using the momentum-integral-equation and several approximations agrees with the values determined from the measured boundary layer profiles.  Finally, it is noted that in spite of the different static pressure gradients, the boundary-layer velocity profiles for the different nozzle settings are similar, and it is shown analytically that this similarity is to be expected.
Additional file 2 of Gonadal transcriptomes associated with sex phenotypes provide potential male and female candidate genes of sex determination or early differentiation in Crassostrea gigas, a sequential hermaphrodite mollusc
Creators: name: Broquard, Coralie
name: Saowaros, Suwansa-ard
name: Lepoittevin, Mélanie
name: Degremont, Lionel
name: Lamy, Jean-Baptiste
name: Morga, Benjamin
name: Elizur, Abigail
name: Martinez, Anne-Sophie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 Statistical bilateral Wilcoxon tests performed for RT-qPCR experiments at each gametogenetic stage between sexes. Significance at p
The effects of vertical gusts on an elastic wing
Creators: name: Sparks, Brian Orville
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1940
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: The case of a wing flexible in bending and rigid in torsion entering a vertical gust is treated by consideration of the corresponding two-dimensional case. The bending stiffness of the wing is expressed as a spring constant, the aerodynamic forces acting are taken from the two-dimensional theory of airfoils in non-uniform motion, and the differential equation of motion of the wing is solved by operational methods.

Cases of sharp-edged and exponentially graded gusts are considered, and in each case the deflection is calculated in dimensionless form for three values of a dimensionless stiffness parameter. As a numerical example these results are put into dimensional form for a wing whose elastic properties are supposed to be typical of modern airplane wings.

The results obtained for the cases considered show only in one instance a maximum deflection greater than the steady-state value. Even in the sharp-gust case the deflection increases comparatively slowly following the entrance of the wing into the gust. The effects of grading the gust are to decrease slightly the rate of deflection and to reduce the amplitude of the oscillations produced by the gust.
A new Pliocene badger from Mexico
Creators: name: Drescher, Arthur Bernard
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1939
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Remains of Tertiary badgers are rare and of fragmentary character. Consequently any new material that is found, adds to our knowledge of the history of the group. This paper describes a new species of badger on the basis of three fragmentary lower jaws and a distal portion of a right humerus. The specimens were collected by the California Institute of Technology in deposits which appear to be middle Pliocene in age, near Rincon, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Additional file 1 of Clinical course of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in human T-cell leukemia virus type-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: a nationwide registry study in Japan
Creators: name: Iijima, Naoki
name: Yamauchi, Junji
name: Yagishita, Naoko
name: Araya, Natsumi
name: Aratani, Satoko
name: Tanabe, Kenichiro
name: Sato, Tomoo
name: Takata, Ayako
name: Yamano, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary methods. HAM-net. Table S1. HAM/TSP-bladder dysfunction symptom score (HAM-BDSS). Table S2. Osame Motor Disability Score (OMDS). Table S3. Baseline characteristics of patients with the consecutive 6-year follow-up (Set B). Table S4. Medications for urinary symptoms prescribed in patients with HAMBDSG 0–I (Set C). Table S5. Characteristics of patients for the analysis of the therapeutic effects of mirabegron (Set D). Figure S1. HAM/TSP-bladder dysfunction severity grade (HAM-BDSG).
The synthesis of 1-keto-3-carbomethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisequinoline
Creators: name: McGriff, Richard Bernard
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1959
Subjects: Chemistry

description: The preparation of 1-keto-3-carbomethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisequinoline byt wo routes is described.  The first involves hydrolysis of the adduct of a-bromo-o-tolunitrile and acetamidomalinicester to 1-keto-3-carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisequinoline.  Esterification of this acid yields the desired ester.  The second route involves the condensation of phenylalanine with formaldehyde to form 3-carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisequinoline.  The benzoyle derivative of this compounds is smoothly oxidized by cold permanganate to N-benzoyl (o-carboxyphenyl) alanine, wich is convert by acid hydrolysis to 1-keto-3-carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisequinoline and benzoic acid.  Preliminary experiments show that 1-keto-3-carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisequinoline is hydrolyzed by a-chymotrypsin, and indicate that both forms are hydrolyzed,albeit at differing rates.