cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Radial MR screening of the sacroiliac joints for patients complaining of lower back pain
Creators: name: Al-Mulla, Muna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Chronic low back pain is common in the population, but sacroiliitis is often not considered as a secondary cause of back pain [1]. And, early sacroiliitis is often not visible on conventional radiographs, or is difficult to interpret, which may lead...
Cavity cooling to the ground state of an ensemble quantum system
Creators: name: Wood, Christopher J.
name: Cory, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a method for initializing an ensemble of qubits in a pure ground state by applying collective cavity cooling techniques in the presence of local dephasing noise on each qubit. To solve the dynamics of the ensemble system we introduce a method for dissipative perturbation theory that applies average Hamiltonian theory in an imaginary-time dissipative interaction frame to find an average effective dissipator for the system dynamics. We use SU(4) algebra generators to analytically solve the first order perturbation for an arbitrary number of qubits in the ensemble. We find that to first order the effective dissipator describes local $T_1$ thermal relaxation to the ground state of each qubit in the ensemble at a rate equal to the collective cavity cooling dissipation rate. The proposed technique should permit the parallel initialization of high purity states in large ensemble quantum systems based on solid-state spins.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures. V2 Includes additional appendix on strong dephasing limit and fixes some typos
title: Breast carcinoma recurrence rates on postoperative MRI findings - a single center retrospective study
Creators: name: Divjak, Eugen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Breast cancer incidence is growing and the role of imaging in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions, detection of cancer in early stages, choice and planning of treatment and follow-up of patients is more emphasised. The later...
Phylogenetic effective sample size
Creators: name: Bartoszek, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62B10, 62P10, 92-08, 92B10, 92B15, 94A17

description: In this paper I address the question - how large is a phylogenetic sample I propose a definition of a phylogenetic effective sample size for Brownian motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes - the regression effective sample size. I discuss how mutual information can be used to define an effective sample size in the non-normal process case and compare these two definitions to an already present concept of effective sample size (the mean effective sample size). Through a simulation study I find that the AICc is robust if one corrects for the number of species or effective number of species. Lastly I discuss how the concept of the phylogenetic effective sample size can be useful for biodiversity quantification, identification of interesting clades and deciding on the importance of phylogenetic correlations.
title: Useful computed tomography signs for preoperative diagnosis of internal hernia in patients with ischemic bowel disease
Creators: name: Chou, Yi-Chen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Small bowel
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Hernia
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Multidetector computed tomography (CT) has established as a first choice in diagnosis of acute abdomen which including internal hernias. (1-6) However, the symptoms and signs of internal hernia are nonspecific. We often make a diagnosis of internal...
title: Characterisation of liver nodules in patients with chronic liver disease by MRI: comparison between the LI-RADS v2014 and the Likert scale
Creators: name: Buscarino, Valentina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Liver
subject: Oncology
subject: Abdomen
subject: MR
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Cancer
subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The usage of imaging techniques, such as CT or MRI, can detect small liver nodules. An accurate diagnosis is extremely important to improve patient management and avoid more invasive examinations as FNB samples [1]. In order to standardise the...
(101098) Thomas John Babington
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Ultrasound in the diagnosis of distal radial growth plate injuries in children who have normal radiographic studies
Creators: name: Khalighinejad, Pooyan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Trauma
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Screening
subject: Acute
subject: Athletic injuries
subject: Trauma

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Trauma is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, leading to about one-third of Emergency Department’s (ED) visits among this age group. [1, 2] In traumatic injuries, bone fractures are problems which could be...
Inferring nuclear structure from heavy isobar collisions using Trajectum
Creators: name: Nijs, Govert
name: van der Schee, Wilke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclei with equal number of baryons but varying proton number (isobars) have many commonalities, but differ in both electric charge and nuclear structure. Relativistic collisions of such isobars provide unique opportunities to study the variation of the magnetic field, provided the nuclear structure is well understood. In this Letter we simulate collisions using several state-of-the-art parametrizations of the $^{96}_{40}$Zr and $^{96}_{44}$Ru isobars and show that a comparison with the exciting STAR measurement arXiv:2109.00131 of ultrarelativistic collisions can uniquely identify the structure of both isobars. This not only provides an urgently needed understanding of the structure of the Zirconium and Ruthenium isobars, but also paves the way for more detailed studies of nuclear structure using relativistic heavy ion collisions.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Trajectum can be downloaded at https://sites.google.com/view/govertnijs/trajectum, output files and plotting routines at http://wilkevanderschee.nl
title: Ultrasound-guided breast core needle biopsy (US-CNB): which size is optimal?
Creators: name: Mishra, Anuj
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Biopsy
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Sampling
subject: Cancer
subject: Pathology
subject: Neoplasia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: A preoperative histopathological diagnosis of a breast lump is imperative prior to any surgical intervention. A definitive diagnosis of a benign breast lump alleviates unnecessary fear and anxiety to the patient, while that of a malignant breast...
A phase II randomized controlled trial adding oral flucytosine to high-dose fluconazole, with short-course amphotericin B, for cryptococcal meningitis
Creators: name: Kanyemba, Creto
name: Jaffar, Shabbar
name: Harrison, Thomas S.
name: Chikasema, Maria
name: Van Der Horst, Charles
name: Jarvis, Joseph N.
name: Phulusa, Jacob
name: Jackson, Arthur T.
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Nussbaum, Jesse C.
name: Namarika, Dan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in Africa is associated with up to 70% mortality at 3 months and 500,000 deaths annually. We examined strategies to improve on fluconazole monotherapy: addition of flucytosine (5-FC); and/or addition of short-course amphotericin B (AmB).
Antiviral agents and HIV prevention: controversies, conflicts, and consensus
Creators: name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Kashuba, Angela D.M.
name: Muessig, Kathryn E.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Smith, M. Kumi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Antiviral agents can be used to prevent HIV transmission before exposure as preexpo-sure prophylaxis (PrEP), after exposure as postexposure prophylaxis, and as treatment of infected people for secondary prevention. Considerable research has shed new light on antiviral agents for PrEP and for prevention of secondary HIV transmission. While promising results have emerged from several PrEP trials, the challenges of poor adherence among HIV-negative clients and possible increase in sexual risk behaviors remain a concern. In addition, a broader pipeline of antiviral agents for PrEP that focuses on genital tract pharmacology and safety and resistance issues must be developed. Antiretroviral drugs have also been used to prevent HIV transmission from HIV-infected patients to their HIV-discordant sexual partners. The HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 trial demonstrated nearly complete prevention of HIV transmission by early treatment of infection, but the generalizability of the results to other risk groups – including intravenous drug users and MSM – has not been determined. Most importantly, the best strategy for use of antiretroviral agents to reduce the spread of HIV at either the individual level or the population level has not been developed, and remains the ultimate goal of this area of investigation.
(101090) Ellen Gilmore
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Transaarterial chemoembolisation as a palliative treatment option for liver metastases from NSCLC
Creators: name: Gruber-Rouh, Tatjana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Liver
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Chemoembolisation
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents an important cause of mortality worldwide due to its aggressiveness and metastatic rate after initial curative treatment [1]. Approximately 40-50% of NSCLC patients present metastatic stage IV...
title: CT-guided interventions in children: accuracy, efficiency and dose usage
Creators: name: Gruber-Rouh, Tatjana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Paediatric
subject: CT
subject: Biopsy
subject: Dosimetric comparison

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Image-guided biopsies are increasingly used to establish a diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions in adults. For radiation safety purpose, clearly justified indication for CT-guided intervention in children is necessary and sonography or magnetic...
Value Functions Factorization with Latent State Information Sharing in Decentralized Multi-Agent Policy Gradients
Creators: name: Zhou, Hanhan
name: Lan, Tian
name: Aggarwal, Vaneet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Value function factorization via centralized training and decentralized execution is promising for solving cooperative multi-agent reinforcement tasks. One of the approaches in this area, QMIX, has become state-of-the-art and achieved the best performance on the StarCraft II micromanagement benchmark. However, the monotonic-mixing of per agent estimates in QMIX is known to restrict the joint action Q-values it can represent, as well as the insufficient global state information for single agent value function estimation, often resulting in suboptimality. To this end, we present LSF-SAC, a novel framework that features a variational inference-based information-sharing mechanism as extra state information to assist individual agents in the value function factorization. We demonstrate that such latent individual state information sharing can significantly expand the power of value function factorization, while fully decentralized execution can still be maintained in LSF-SAC through a soft-actor-critic design. We evaluate LSF-SAC on the StarCraft II micromanagement challenge and demonstrate that it outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in challenging collaborative tasks. We further set extensive ablation studies for locating the key factors accounting for its performance improvements. We believe that this new insight can lead to new local value estimation methods and variational deep learning algorithms. A demo video and code of implementation can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/sacmm.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence (TETCI)
(101092) Samuel Augustus Barnett
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Association of HIV neutralizing antibody with lower viral load after treatment interruption in a prospective trial (A5170)
Creators: name: McLinden, Robert J.
name: Close, Nicole C.
name: Su, Zhaohui
name: Kim, Jerome H.
name: Paris, Robert M.
name: Shikuma, Cecilia M.
name: Polonis, Victoria R.
name: Margolis, David M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We investigated the impact of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) on CD4 T-cell count and viral load in a cohort of HAART recipients who underwent extended structured treatment interruption.
title: Minimal or invisible fat angiomyolipoma: imaging findings in 86 cases
Creators: name: Díaz Candamio, María Jesús
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Kidney
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Biopsy
subject: Surgery
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Neoplasia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Background Angiomyolipoma (AML), a member of the perivascular epithelioid cells tumour group (PEComas), is the most common benign solid renal lesion. Triphasic, classic, AML, has three components: blood vessels (angio), spindle cells (myo) and fatty...
Quantum theory of light emission from quantum dots coupled to structured photonic reservoirs and acoustic phonons
Creators: name: Roy-Choudhury, Kaushik
name: Hughes, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron-phonon coupling in semiconductor quantum dots plays a significant role in determining the optical properties of excited excitons, especially the spectral nature of emitted photons. This paper presents a comprehensive theory and analysis of emission spectra from artificial atoms or quantum dots coupled to structured photon reservoirs and acoustic phonons, when excited with incoherent pump fields. As specific examples of structured reservoirs, we chose a Lorentzian cavity and a coupled cavity waveguide, which are of current experimental interest. For the case of optical cavities, we directly compare and contrast the spectra from three distinct theoretical approaches to treat electron-phonon coupling, including a Markovian polaron master equation, a non-Markovian phonon correlation expansion technique and a semiclassical linear susceptibility approach, and we point out the limitations of these models. For the cavity-QED polaron master equation, we give closed form analytical solutions to the phonon-assisted scattering rates in the weak excitation approximation, fully accounting for temperature, cavity-exciton detuning and cavity dot coupling. We show explicitly why the semiclassical linear susceptibility approach fails to correctly account for phonon-mediated cavity feeding. For weakly coupled cavities, we calculate the optical spectra using a more general reservoir approach and explain its differences from the above approaches in the low Q limit of a Lorentzian cavity. We subsequently use this general reservoir to calculate the emission spectra from quantum dots coupled to slow-light photonic crystal waveguides, which demonstrate a number of striking photon-phonon coupling effects. Our quantum theory can be applied to a wide range of photonic structures including photonic molecules and coupled-cavity waveguide systems.
Channel induced dynamics of quantum information in mixed state free QFTs
Creators: name: Baczyk, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a framework for Quantum Field Theory (QFT) studies that allows us to represent field excitations as quantum channels. We demonstrate inner-workings of the proposed scheme for two universal states: the regularized vacuum state of a one dimensional QFT system and the lattice-regulated Thermofield Double State of two identical free QFTs. We investigate actions of unitary and non-unitary Bosonic Gaussian channels (including Petz Recovery maps). To evaluate and quantify the character of the channel static action and channel induced dynamics we calculate quantum entropies and fidelities.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Differences between self-reported and electronically monitored adherence among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting
Creators: name: Siika, Abraham M.
name: Siripong, Nalyn
name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Habyarimana, James P.
name: Pop-Eleches, Cristian
name: Vreeman, Rachel C.
name: Sidle, John E.
name: Bangsberg, David R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Measurement of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) by patient self-report is common in resource-limited settings but widely believed to overstate actual adherence. The extent to which these measures overstate adherence has not been examined among a large patient population.
(101093) Mary Eleanor Hort
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Estimation of a parameter encoded in the modal structure of a light beam: a quantum theory
Creators: name: Gessner, Manuel
name: Treps, Nicolas
name: Fabre, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum light is described not only by a quantum state but also by the shape of the electromagnetic modes on which the state is defined. Optical precision measurements often estimate a ``mode parameter'' that determines properties such as frequency, temporal shape and the spatial distribution of the light field. By deriving quantum precision limits, we establish the fundamental bounds for mode parameter estimation. Our results reveal explicit mode-design recipes that enable the estimation of any mode parameter with quantum enhanced precision. Our approach provides practical methods for optimizing mode parameter estimation with relevant applications, including spatial and temporal positioning, spectroscopy, phase estimation, and superresolution imaging.
description: 5 + 11 pages
(101094) William Hort
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Does ART prevent HIV transmission among MSM?
Creators: name: Phillips, Andrew N.
name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Lo, Ying Ru
name: Grulich, Andrew E.
name: Smith, M. Kumi
name: Muessig, Kathryn E.
name: Burns, David N.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence for antiretroviral 'treatment as prevention' for HIV transmission among MSM.

METHODS: We reviewed studies that assess the biological plausibility that virally suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces HIV infectiousness via anal intercourse and the epidemiologic evidence of whether ART has played a role in attenuating HIV incidence among MSM.

RESULTS: Although ART treatment among MSM is likely to provide some preventive benefit, it is unknown whether it will reduce HIV infectiousness via anal intercourse to the same extent as via penile-vaginal intercourse. Additional research is needed on the pharmacokinetic properties of specific antiretroviral agents in the gastrointestinal tract. Estimates of risk behaviors and the incidence of HIV among MSM before and after the introduction and expansion of ART suggest that the population-level protective benefits of ART may be attenuated by a number of factors, most notably, continuing or increasing frequency of condomless anal intercourse and incidence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Additional studies are needed on the impact of ART on HIV sexual risk behaviors and transmission among MSM outside of developed countries in North America, western Europe, and Australia.

CONCLUSION: The benefits of treatment as prevention for MSM are highly plausible, but not certain. In the face of these unknowns, treatment guidelines for earlier ART initiation should be considered within a combination prevention strategy that includes earlier diagnosis, expanded STI treatment, and structural and behavioral interventions.
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy after virologic failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings
Creators: name: Aga, Evgenia
name: Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran
name: Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai
name: Bartlett, John A.
name: Klingman, Karin L.
name: Badal-Faesen, Sharlaa
name: Norton, Michael R.
name: Stevens, Wendy S.
name: Kallungal, Beatrice A.
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Crump, John A.
name: Ribaudo, Heather J.
name: Wallis, Carole L.
name: Katzenstein, David A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: To evaluate virologic response rates of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy as second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) among adults in resource-limited settings (RLS).
Phylogenetic insights into regional HIV transmission
Creators: name: Pillay, Deenan
name: Hurt, Christopher B.
name: Sebastian, Joseph
name: Hué, Stéphane
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Napravnik, Sonia
name: Dennis, Ann M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Despite prevention efforts new HIV diagnoses continue in the Southern US, where the epidemic is characterized by significant racial/ethnic disparities. We integrated phylogenetic analyses with clinical data to reveal trends in local HIV transmission.
Spin Hall magnetoresistance in paramagnetic NdGaO3
Creators: name: Phanindra, V. Eswara
name: Das, A.
name: van Rijn, J. J. L.
name: Chen, S.
name: van Wees, B. J.
name: Banerjee, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) has emerged as an efficient way to probe the spontaneous magnetization state in ordered magnetic systems, by electrical current. Less known is its versatility as a probe of materials that do not possess spontaneous magnetization such as in paramagnets. In this work, SMR is used to probe paramagnetic NdGaO3 (NGO), a rare earth oxide, possessing a sizable spin orbit interaction (L=6). NGO has not been investigated earlier for its efficiency in propagating spins. We have performed extensive temperature and angle dependent-magnetoresistance (ADMR) studies along dissimilar crystallographic axes in NGO, using platinum (Pt) as spin injector and detector and utilizing (inverse) spin Hall effect. We find a close correlation between the temperature dependence of the ADMR response with magnetization in NGO and a linear current bias dependence of the ADMR amplitudes. These are chacteristics of SMR effect in Pt/NGO, arising from the torque acting on localized moments in NGO and considering crystal field induced intermultiplet transitions with temperature. Control experiments on Pt/SrTiO3 and Pt/SiO2 devices were also carried out in order to validate the observed SMR response in Pt/NGO bilayer and to rule out magnetoresistive contributions from Pt.
Multiparameter quantum metrology and mode entanglement with spatially split nonclassical spin states
Creators: name: Fadel, Matteo
name: Yadin, Benjamin
name: Mao, Yuping
name: Byrnes, Tim
name: Gessner, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify the multiparameter sensitivity of split nonclassical spin states, such as spin-squeezed and Dicke states spatially distributed into several addressable modes. Analytical expressions for the spin-squeezing matrix of a family of states that are accessible by current atomic experiments reveal the quantum gain in multiparameter metrology, as well as the optimal strategies to maximize the sensitivity. We further study the mode entanglement of these states by deriving a witness for genuine $k$-partite mode entanglement from the spin-squeezing matrix. Our results highlight the advantage of mode entanglement for distributed sensing, and outline optimal protocols for multiparameter estimation with nonclassical spatially-distributed spin ensembles.
description: Comments are welcome
Prevalent tuberculosis and mortality among HAART initiators
Creators: name: Van Rie, Annelies
name: Fox, Matthew P.
name: Westreich, Daniel
name: Maskew, Mhairi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The effect of tuberculosis on mortality in people initiating highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) remains unclear; here, we strengthened a previous cohort analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of baseline tuberculosis and time to all-cause mortality among HAART initiators. In reanalysis, treatment for tuberculosis at time of HAART initiation remained unassociated with increased risks of all-cause mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 1.00 to 1.09.
title: DCE-MRI in the preoperative assessment of breast cancers: usefulness of perfusion data for histopathological differential diagnosis
Creators: name: Margari, Sergio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive for breast cancer than standard x-ray mammography or ultrasound, when using dynamic contrast-enhancement (DCE) techniques after administration of intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents. Breast...
Assessing the Effect of HIV Counseling and Testing on HIV Acquisition among South African Youth
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Nora E.
name: Behets, Frieda
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Newell, Marie Louise
name: Bärnighausen, Till
name: Miller, William C.
name: Westreich, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: OBJECTIVE: Youth aged 15-24 years in sub-Saharan Africa are at a high risk for HIV acquisition and urgently need HIV prevention interventions. HIV counselling and testing (HCT) is designed to promote HIV prevention. However the impact of HCT on HIV acquisition has never been assessed among youth. We assess the impact of HCT on HIV acquisition among South African youth.

DESIGN: Data came from an annual HIV survey for persons aged 15 years and over, nested within a socio-demographic household surveillance in a geographically defined area of KwaZulu-Natal. Within this population, we used data from 2006 to 2011 to construct a cohort of HIV-uninfected youth aged 15-24 years.

METHODS: We compared youth who reported knowing their HIV status from HCT with those who reported not knowing their HIV status for time to HIV seroconversion using time-varying marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS: The cohort included 3959 HIV-uninfected youth, of whom 1167 (29%) reported HCT at baseline and an additional 1064 (27%) reported HCT during follow up. Youth experienced 248 seroconversions over 8536 person-years, an incidence rate of 2.91 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.56-3.28]. In crude analysis, HCT was not associated with HIV incidence (hazard ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.79-1.31], but in marginal structural models weighted for risk factors, HCT was protective (hazard ratio 0.59, 95% CI 0.45-0.78).

CONCLUSION: In this high-risk population, after accounting for differences in underlying HIV acquisition risk, HCT was associated with lower HIV incidence. HCT scale-up may have prevention benefits for HIV-uninfected youth.
(101087) Mary Elizabeth Gilmore
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Assessing the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in observational data: challenges and recommended analytic approaches
Creators: name: Westreich, Daniel
name: Polis, Chelsea B.
name: Balkus, Jennifer E.
name: Heffron, Renee
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Determining whether hormonal contraception (HC), particularly the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), increases a woman's risk of HIV acquisition is a priority question for public health. However, assessing the relationship between various HC methods and HIV acquisition with observational data involves substantial analytic design issues and challenges. Studies to date have used inconsistent approaches and generated a body of evidence that is complex and challenging to interpret.
Neutral meson mixing induced by box diagrams in the 3-3-1 model with heavy leptons
Creators: name: Correia, F. C.
name: Pleitez, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider in the 3-3-1 model with heavy leptons the box contributions to the mass difference in $K$ and $B$ neutral mesons induced by neutral (pseudo)scalars, exotic charged quarks, singly and doubly charged scalar and gauge bosons. In particular, we include the effects of a real scalar with mass near 125 GeV but with non-diagonal couplings to quarks. We show that, as in the tree level case, there are ranges of the parameters in which these contributions can be enough suppressed by negative interference among several amplitudes. Hence, in this model these $ΔF=2$ processes may be dominated by the standard model contributions. In addition, our results are valid in the minimal 3-3-1 model without the sextet.
description: 35 pages, 17 figures
Association of early HIV viremia with mortality after HIV-associated lymphoma
Creators: name: Gopal, Satish
name: Burkholder, Greer A.
name: Achenbach, Chad J.
name: Deeks, Steven G.
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Patel, Monita R.
name: Kitahata, Mari M.
name: Reid, Erin G.
name: Rodriguez, Benigno
name: Richards, Kristy L.
name: Mayer, Kenneth H.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Yanik, Elizabeth L.
name: Napravnik, Sonia
name: Moore, Richard D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: To examine the association between early HIV viremia and mortality after HIV-associated lymphoma.
Training and Mentoring to Empower the Coastal Community in Saramaake Village, East Halmahera, North Moluccas of Indonesia
Creators: name: Sulistiono Sulistiono
Publisher: name: Naresuan University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Training and Mentoring
Coastal Community
Empowerment
Saramaake Village
Indonesia

description: Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 12, 3, 76-91
title: Percutaneous transhepatic intraductal biopsy in biliary stricture differentiation
Creators: name: Frantsev, Dmitry
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Abdomen
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cholangiography
subject: Cancer
subject: Inflammation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The majority of biliary strictures are attributed to malignancy, but there is a group of benign ductal lesions resembling cholangiocarcinoma called pseudo-Klatskin tumor, Klatskin-mimicking lesions or malignant masquerade [1, 2]. It includes primary...
(101088) Janet Stanton Gilmore
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Diffusion tensor imaging for evaluating biliary atresia in infants and neonates
Creators: name: Liu, Bo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: Liver
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Cholangiography
subject: Colonography MR
subject: Gene therapy
subject: Genetic defects
subject: Obstruction / Occlusion

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive disorder that causes destructive, idiopathic, and inflammatory process in both the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, and it ultimately results in fibrosis and obliteration of the biliary...
Volume changes during active shape fluctuations in cells
Creators: name: Taloni, Alessandro
name: Kardash, Elena
name: Salman, Oguz Umut
name: Truskinovsky, Lev
name: Zapperi, Stefano
name: La Porta, Caterina A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cells modify their volume in response to changes in osmotic pressure but it is usually assumed that other active shape variations do not involve significant volume fluctuations. Here we report experiments demonstrating that water transport in and out of the cell is needed for the formation of blebs, commonly observed protrusions in the plasma membrane driven by cortex contraction. We develop and simulate a model of fluid mediated membrane-cortex deformations and show that a permeable membrane is necessary for bleb formation which is otherwise impaired. Taken together our experimental and theoretical results emphasize the subtle balance between hydrodynamics and elasticity in actively driven cell morphological changes.
description: Phys. Rev. Lett. in press. 13 pages 4 figures, 9 supplementary figures
The Over-Reaction Effect in the Stock Exchange of Thailand: An Empirical Study
Creators: name: Nitis Pokavattana
Publisher: name: Naresuan University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Behavioral Finance
Over-Reaction Effect
Contrarian Trading Strategies
Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH)

description: Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 12, 3, 92-106
Differential penetration of raltegravir throughout gastrointestinal tissue: implications for eradication and cure
Creators: name: Stevens, Trenton
name: Dellon, Evan S.
name: Patterson, Kristine B.
name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Jennings, Steven
name: Shaheen, Nicholas J.
name: Prince, Heather A.
name: Madanick, Ryan D.
name: Kashuba, Angela D.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: To investigate the concentration of the integrase strand inhibitor raltegravir (RAL) throughout gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, especially gutassociated lymphoid tissue (GALT), as an adjunct to current prevention and cure strategies.
Quantization of charged fields in the presence of critical potential steps
Creators: name: Gavrilov, S. P.
name: Gitman, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QFT approaches elaborated for treating quantum effects in time-dependent external electric fields are not directly applicable to time-independent nonuniform electric fields that are given by a step potential and their generalization for the such potentials was not sufficiently developed. Such fields can also create particles from the vacuum, the Klein paradox being closely related to this process. We believe that the present work presents a consistent solution of the latter problem. Quantizing the Dirac and scalar fields with time independent backgrounds, we have found in- and out-creation and annihilation operators that allow one to have particle interpretation of the physical system under consideration. To justify the proposed identification, we have performed a detailed mathematical and physical analysis of solutions of the corresponding relativistic wave equations with a subsequent QFT analysis. We elaborated a nonperturbative technique that allows one to calculate all characteristics of zero-order processes such scattering, reflection, and electron-positron pair creation, and to calculate Feynman diagrams that describe all characteristics of processes with interaction between the in-, out-particles and photons. These diagrams have formally the usual form, but contain special propagators. Expressions for these propagators in terms of in- and out-solutions are presented. We apply the elaborated approach to two popular exactly solvable cases: to the Sauter potential and to the Klein step.
description: 58 pages, 3 figures, misprints corrected, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Field effectiveness of combination antiretroviral prophylaxis for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in rural Zambia
Creators: name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Stringer, Jeffrey S.A.
name: Bweupe, Maximillian
name: Chintu, Namwinga T.
name: Musonda, Patrick
name: Mulenga, Saziso N.
name: Li, Michelle S.
name: Lembalemba, Mwila K.
name: Stringer, Elizabeth M.
name: Gartland, Matthew G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: To evaluate the effectiveness of maternal combination antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in a program setting
title: Application of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasopharyngeal lymphoma
Creators: name: Song, Chengru
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the differentiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and nasopharyngeal lymphoma...
Gravitationally localized states of two neutral fermions interacting with a Higgs field
Creators: name: Leith, Peter E. D.
name: Leggat, Alasdair Dorkenoo
name: Hooley, Chris A.
name: Horne, Keith
name: Dritschel, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present localized 'particle-like' states composed of a pair of neutral fermions interacting with a scalar Higgs field and the metric of spacetime, extending the Einstein-Dirac formalism introduced by Finster, Smoller, and Yau [Phys. Rev. D 59, 104020 (1999)]. We demonstrate that, when the coupling between the fermions and the Higgs field is strong, there is a class of states in which the total (ADM) mass no longer increases proportionally to the mass of the constituent fermions; indeed it decreases. This phenomenon enables fermionic particles with much larger masses than in the Higgs-free case to form localized states.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
title: Application of SWI and DTI in evaluating the severity of traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Song, Chengru
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Emergency
subject: CNS
subject: MR
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: Trauma

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To explore the diagnostic value of SWI and DTI on different severity’s traumatic brain...