cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observation of non-Bloch parity-time symmetry and exceptional points
Creators: name: Xiao, Lei
name: Deng, Tianshu
name: Wang, Kunkun
name: Wang, Zhong
name: Yi, Wei
name: Xue, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parity-time (PT)-symmetric Hamiltonians have widespread significance in non-Hermitian physics. A PT-symmetric Hamiltonian can exhibit distinct phases with either real or complex eigenspectrum, while the transition points in between, the so-called exceptional points, give rise to a host of critical behaviors that holds great promise for applications. For spatially periodic non-Hermitian systems, PT symmetries are commonly characterized and observed in line with the Bloch band theory, with exceptional points dwelling in the Brillouin zone. Here, in nonunitary quantum walks of single photons, we uncover a novel family of exceptional points beyond this common wisdom. These "non-Bloch exceptional points" originate from the accumulation of bulk eigenstates near boundaries, known as the non-Hermitian skin effect, and inhabit a generalized Brillouin zone. Our finding opens the avenue toward a generalized PT-symmetry framework, and reveals the intriguing interplay between PT symmetry and non-Hermitian skin effect.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
THE ECONOMICS OF IMPLEMENTING TRACEABILITY IN BEEF SUPPLY CHAINS: TRENDS IN MAJOR PRODUCING AND TRADING COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Souza Monteiro, Diogo M.
name: Caswell, Julie A.
name: Souza Monteiro, Diogo M.
name: Caswell, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Industrial Organization
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Countries have implemented traceability systems, especially after discovery of BSE in cattle, in order to quickly identify hazard sources. We compare the economic impacts of mandatory and voluntary systems in the EU, Japan, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, and the United States in terms of the systems' breadth, depth, and precision.
Risk Aversion and Compliance in Markets for Pollution Control
Creators: name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Stranlund, John K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper examines the effects of risk aversion on compliance choices in markets for pollution control. A firm's decision to be compliant or not is independent of its manager's risk preference. However, noncompliant firms with risk averse managers will have lower violations than otherwise identical firms with risk neutral managers. The violations of noncompliant firms with risk averse managers are independent of differences in their benefits from emissions and their initial allocations of permits if and only if their managers' utility functions exhibit constant absolute risk aversion. However, firm-level characteristics do impact violation choices when managers have coefficients of absolute risk aversion that are increasing or decreasing in profit levels. Finally, in the equilibrium of a market for emissions rights with widespread noncompliance, risk aversion is associated with higher permit prices, better environmental quality, and lower aggregate violations.
A TALE OF TWO CLAMS: POLICY ANTICIPATION AND INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY
Creators: name: Brandt, Sylvia J.
name: Brandt, Sylvia J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy
Productivity Analysis

description: Sound environmental regulation must achieve environmental objectives while maximizing economic efficiency. This paper evaluates the impact of regulation on efficiency by measuring annual productivity across regulatory regimes in two similar fisheries with differing policy expectations. Anticipation of regulatory change produced strategic behavior in one fishery, leading to depressed productivity; in the other, regulatory change was not expected, and productivity did not suffer. These results imply that fisheries regulation should take into account both firms' policy expectations and the potentially perverse incentives that may be created by policy change.
A closer look at the X-ray transient XTE J1908+094: identification of two new near-infrared candidate counterparts
Creators: name: Chaty, Sylvain
name: Mignani, Roberto P.
name: Israel, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We had reported in Chaty, Mignani, Israel (2002) on the near-infrared (NIR) identification of a possible counterpart to the black hole candidate XTE J1908+094 obtained with the ESO/NTT. Here, we present new, follow-up, CFHT adaptive optics observations of the XTE J1908+094 field, which resolved the previously proposed counterpart in two objects separated by about 0.8". Assuming that both objects are potential candidate counterparts, we derive that the binary system is a low-mass system with a companion star which could be either an intermediate/late type (A-K) main sequence star at a distance of 3-10 kpc, or a late-type ($>$K) main sequence star at a distance of 1-3 kpc. However, we show that the brighter of the two objects (J ~ 20.1, H ~ 18.7, K' ~ 17.8) is more likely to be the real counterpart of the X-ray source. Its position is more compatible with our astrometric solution, and colours and magnitudes of the other object are not consistent with the lower limit of 3 kpc derived independently from the peak bolometric flux of XTE J1908+094. Further multi-wavelength observations of both candidate counterparts are crucial in order to solve the pending identification.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS, 5 pages, 3 figures
Pricing-to-Market: Price Discrimination or Product Differentiation?
Creators: name: Lavoie, Nathalie
name: Liu, Qihong
name: Lavoie, Nathalie
name: Liu, Qihong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We employ a vertical differentiation model to examine the potential bias in pricing-to-market (PTM) results when using unit values aggregating differentiated products. Our results show that: i) false evidence of PTM ("pseudo PTM") is always found when using unit values, whether the law of one price holds or not; and ii) the extent to which results are biased due to pseudo PTM increases with the level of product differentiation. Correspondingly, our simulation results suggest that: i) it is possible to get a statistically significant estimate of the exchange rate coefficient, even when there is no real PTM; ii) the probability of a false PTM finding increases with product differentiation. Pseudo PTM is the result of a change in the mix of qualities imported when the exchange rate changes.
Packing and percolation of poly-disperse discs and spheres
Creators: name: Odagaki, Takashi
name: Okubo, Tsuyoshi
name: Ogata, Ryusei
name: Okazaki, Keiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the binary discs packed in two dimensions, the packing fraction of disc assembly becomes lower than that of the monodisperse system when the size ratio is close to unity. We show that the suppressed packing fraction is caused by an increase of the adjacent neighbours with long bonds where the adjacent neighbours is defined on the basis of the Laguerre (radical) tessellation. For the poly-disperse systems in two and three dimensions, the packing fraction is shown to have a minimuma as a function of the poly-dispersity. Percolation process in the densely packed discs and spheres is also studied. The critical area (volume) fraction in two (three) dimensions is shown to be a monotonically increasing (decreasing) function of the poly-dispersity.
description: 9 pages with 8 figures
INCORPORATING INSTREAM FLOW VALUES INTO A WATER MARKET
Creators: name: Murphy, James J.
name: Dinar, Ariel
name: Howitt, Richard E.
name: Rassenti, Stephen J.
name: Smith, Vernon L.
name: Weinberg, Marca
name: Murphy, James J.
name: Dinar, Ariel
name: Howitt, Richard E.
name: Rassenti, Stephen J.
name: Smith, Vernon L.
name: Weinberg, Marca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: We use laboratory experiments to test three different water market institutions designed to incorporate instream flow values into the allocation. The institutions are (1) a baseline with fixed minimum flow constraints, (2) an environmental agent contributing to the cost of providing instream flows, and (3) creating an instream flow right in which an environmental agent can sell the right to reduced flows. Using a "smart" computer-coordinated market, we find that direct environmental participation in the market can achieve highly efficient and stable allocations. A particularly attractive and practical feature of the third institution is that it nests the status quo in the sense that, should the environmental agent choose not to participate in the market, the default minimum instream flow constraints will be maintained. Although flows may be lower in this institution relative to a fixed constraint on minimum flows, because these flow reductions are voluntary and compensated, all deviations from the status quo (i.e., binding flow constraints) are necessarily Pareto improving in the sense that no agent, including the environment, is made worse off.
Asthma Management Survey of Participants in an Inner City Asthma Intervention
Creators: name: Sadof, Matthew
name: Brandt, Sylvia J.
name: Sadof, Matthew
name: Brandt, Sylvia J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Asthma
subject: health intervention
subject: health behavior

description: Background : The Inner City Asthma Intervention (ICAI) was a national multi-center implementation of an evidence-based intervention to reduce asthma morbidity. Objective: This study describes mitigating behaviors and reported outcomes in families with asthma who completed the intervention and a post-intervention survey at one of the ICAI sites. Results: Eighty percent (0.72- 0.88, 95% confidence interval) of these families made five or more changes to mitigate exposure to environmental asthma triggers. The majority of families (0.84-0.96, 95% confidence interval) reported an improved awareness of asthma symptoms and less school absences, limitations of activity, unplanned doctor visits, and asthma related sleep disruption.
Clockwise Stellar Disk and the Dark Mass in the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Beloborodov, A. M.
name: Levin, Y.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Paumard, T.
name: Gillessen, S.
name: Ott, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two disks of young stars have recently been discovered in the Galactic Center. The disks are rotating in the gravitational field of the central black hole at radii r=0.1-0.3 pc and thus open a new opportunity to measure the central mass. We find that the observed motion of stars in the clockwise disk implies M=4.3+/-0.5 million solar masses for the fiducial distance to the Galactic Center R_0=8 kpc and derive the scaling of M with R_0. As a tool for our estimate we use orbital roulette, a recently developed method. The method reconstructs the three-dimensional orbits of the disk stars and checks the randomness of their orbital phases. We also estimate the three-dimensional positions and orbital eccentricities of the clockwise-disk stars.
description: Comments: 16 pages, 5 figures, ApJ, in press
SkyTrakx: A Toolkit for Simulation and Verification of Unmanned Air-Traffic Management Systems (Extended Version)
Creators: name: Hsieh, Chiao
name: Sibai, Hussein
name: Taylor, Hebron
name: Ni, Yifeng
name: Mitra, Sayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The key concept for safe and efficient traffic management for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) is the notion of operation volume (OV). An OV is a 4-dimensional block of airspace and time, which can express an aircraft's intent, and can be used for planning, de-confliction, and traffic management. While there are several high-level simulators for UAS Traffic Management (UTM), we are lacking a framework for creating, manipulating, and reasoning about OVs for heterogeneous air vehicles. In this paper, we address this and present SkyTrakx -- a software toolkit for simulation and verification of UTM scenarios based on OVs. First, we illustrate a use case of SkyTrakx by presenting a specific air traffic coordination protocol. This protocol communicates OVs between participating aircraft and an airspace manager for traffic routing. We show how existing formal verification tools, Dafny and Dione, can assist in automatically checking key properties of the protocol. Second, we show how the OVs can be computed for heterogeneous air vehicles like quadcopters and fixed-wing aircraft using another verification technique, namely reachability analysis. Finally, we show that SkyTrakx can be used to simulate complex scenarios involving heterogeneous vehicles, for testing and performance evaluation in terms of workload and response delays analysis. Our experiments delineate the trade-off between performance and workload across different strategies for generating OVs.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures; This is the extended version of the paper with the same title accepted by the 24th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation (ITSC 2021)
ENFORCING TRANSFERABLE PERMIT SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF TRANSACTION COSTS
Creators: name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Chavez, Carlos A.
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Chavez, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: In this paper we examine the impacts of transaction costs on enforcing a transferable emissions permit system. We derive an enforcement strategy with a self-reporting requirement that achieves complete compliance in a cost-effective manner. In the absence of transaction costs targeted enforcement-the practice of monitoring some firms more closely than others-is neither necessary nor desirable. In the presence of constant marginal transaction costs, buyers of permits should be monitored more closely than sellers, but within groups of buyers and sellers monitoring should be uniform. When marginal transaction costs are not constant, effective monitoring will depend on whether a firm is a buyer or seller, its demand for permits relative to its initial allocation, and whether marginal transaction costs are increasing or decreasing. We also show that the initial distribution of permits can have an impact on total enforcement costs in the presence of transaction costs, but only if marginal transaction costs are not constant. However, firm conclusions about the impact of the initial distribution of permits on enforcement costs will, in general, be situation-specific.
Konferenz Europäischer Kirchen - Treffpunkt für die Kirchen in Europa
Creators: name: Williams, Glen Garfield
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 4 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 4
Price-Based vs. Quantity-Based Environmental Regulation under Knightian Uncertainty: An Info-Gap Robust Satisficing Perspective
Creators: name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Ben-Haim, Yakov
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Ben-Haim, Yakov
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Conventional wisdom among environmental economists is that the relative slopes of the marginal social benefit and marginal social cost functions determine whether a price-based or quantity-based environmental regulation leads to higher expected social welfare. We revisit the choice between price-based vs. quantity-based environmental regulation under Knightian uncertainty; that is, when uncertainty cannot be modeled with known probability distributions. Under these circumstances, the policy objective cannot be to maximize the expected net benefits of emissions control. Instead, we evaluate an emissions tax and an aggregate abatement standard in terms of maximizing the range of uncertainty under which the welfare loss from error in the estimates of the marginal benefits and costs of emissions control can be limited. The main result of our work is that the same criterion involving the relative slopes of the marginal benefit and cost functions determines whether price-based or quantity-based control is more robust to unstructured uncertainty. Hence, not only does the relative slopes criterion lead to the policy that maximizes the expected net benefits of control under structured uncertainty, it also leads to the policy that maximizes robustness to unstructured uncertainty.
AN ECONOMIC VALUATION OF RECREATIONAL SHELLFISHING ON CAPE COD
Creators: name: Damery, David T.
name: Allen, P. Geoffrey
name: Damery, David T.
name: Allen, P. Geoffrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Estimated total value for recreational shellfishing on Cape Cod was $7.4 million in 2002, based on results of a survey of 233 shellfish permit holders, a figure that has roughly kept pace with inflation based on a similar study conducted in 1975. The total value is made up of two components, the actual permit fees collected ($387,000) and an estimate of consumer surplus, which was based on willingness to accept compensation to give up a fishing permit and hence is unbounded by the survey respondents' income. An estimate based on willingness-to-pay (WTP) gave a total value estimate of $1.0 million in 2002. Additionally, participation in recreational shellfishing has fallen precipitously from 19,068 resident permits sold in 1975 to the 10,639 permits sold in 2002. The decline in the total number of resident shellfishers is counteracted, in part, by rises in the number of senior and nonresident permit holders in 2002 to 2,766 and 2,704 respectively. An individual's valuation of recreational shellfishing appears to be significantly influenced by a number of factors including: the distance traveled to the shellfishing flats, the number of shellfishing trips in the prior year, the number of years a permit has been held, the permit fee paid and the individual's income level.
Easily Adaptable Complexity Measure for Finite Time Series
Creators: name: Ke, Da-Guan
name: Tong, Qin-Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complexity measure for any finite time series. This measure has invariance under any monotonic transformation of the time series, has a degree of robustness against noise, and has the adaptability of satisfying almost all the widely accepted but conflicting criteria for complexity measurements. Surprisingly, the measure is developed from Kolmogorov complexity, which is traditionally believed to represent only randomness and to satisfy one criterion to the exclusion of the others. For familiar iterative systems, our treatment may imply a heuristic approach to transforming symbolic dynamics into permutation dynamics and vice versa.
description: 15 page, 3 figures, 1 table; modifications making cruicial points clearer and improve readibility; had been completely rewritten
APPLYING A METHOD OF PAIRED COMPARISONS TO MEASURE ECONOMIC VALUES FOR MULTIPLE GOODS SETS
Creators: name: Rosenberger, Randall S.
name: Peterson, George L.
name: Loomis, John B.
name: Rosenberger, Randall S.
name: Peterson, George L.
name: Loomis, John B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: alternative gains
subject: economic valuation
subject: hypothetical market
subject: paired comparisons
subject: stated choice method

description: A method of paired comparison is adapted for use in estimating economic measures of value. The method elicits multiple binary choices for paired items in a choice set. Probability distributions and economic values are estimated nonparametrically and parametrically. The method is applied in an experimental context with a choice set composed of four private goods and several sums of money. The sample's median value estimtes for the goods are generally not different than the market prices for these goods. People who are in the market for a good value it higher than those not in the market for the good.
A multimedia co-processor architecture for real-time video coding
Creators: name: Ng, Don Hoi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Digital video evolves rapidly in the exciting multimedia industry, but also presents new challenges to system designers. As it is too expensive to store the massive raw digital video streams and to transport them over any transmission channels, researchers developed digital video encoding techniques that significantly reduce the size of digital video data while maintaining the picture quality. But such encoding techniques require tremendous processing power especially for operations including motion estimation, discrete cosine transform (DCT) and quantization. This thesis presents a low-cost but efficient and flexible architecture of an embedded programmable multimedia co-processor optimized for motion estimation as well as a combined DCT and quantization (QDCT) algorithm. To meet the low cost constraint, we minimize the number of hardware resources and maximize the hardware utilization by optimized scheduling. Unlike DSPs and media processors, this architecture has a much simpler controller with a small instruction set. It adopts a hybrid controller design of mixing user programmable instructions and hard-wired micro-codes. User instructions provide flexibility to the implementation of the motion estimation algorithm for various coding specifications and future changes in the standard. Micro-codes are used to execute the low-level computation intensive routines. It shows that micro-codes can execute the kernel loops in those routines very efficiently with optimized scheduling on the specialized processing engine. Such processing engine features a parallel architecture with specialized functional units, supporting SIMD executions. Overall, the multimedia co-processor is a tightly-coupled system consisted of a specialized processing engine, an efficient memory architecture and a flexible controller all working in a coherent manner.
MARGINAL VALUE OF QUALITY ATTRIBUTES FOR NATURAL AND ORGANIC BEEF
Creators: name: Boland, Michael A.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Boland, Michael A.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: beef
subject: small farms
subject: hedonic

description: The objective of this research is to determine the marginal value of attributes to consumers with respect to natural beef or beef produced with organic grains. A hedonic model is used to value attributes of 11 different primal cuts. Results suggest that producers under this particular natural/implant-free marketing alliance should market high-yielding animals rather than high-quality grading animals. Consumers of this beef value taste, as measured by dry aging, and leanness, as measured by USDA Select grade. The economic magnitudes of the variables under a producer's control were small relative to those that could be controlled by a processor.
Run Up of Surface and Internal Waves
Creators: name: Branger, Hubert
name: Kimmoun, Olivier
name: Gavrilov, N.
name: Liapidevskii, Valery
name: Pavlova, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of breaking waves propagating towards the shore and more specifically the run-up phase over the swash-zone for surface as well as for internal waves is considered. The study is based on a) laboratory run up experiments for surface waves ; b) laboratory stratified flow experiments and c) on field data describing the internal wave run up. The presentation is focused on the breaking and energy transfer mechanisms common to surface and internal waves in the swash-zone. The mathematical model taking into account turbulent mixing and dispersion effects is discussed.
DIETERpy: a Python framework for The Dispatch and Investment Evaluation Tool with Endogenous Renewables
Creators: name: Gaete-Morales, Carlos
name: Kittel, Martin
name: Roth, Alexander
name: Schill, Wolf-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DIETER is an open-source power sector model designed to analyze future settings with very high shares of variable renewable energy sources. It minimizes overall system costs, including fixed and variable costs of various generation, flexibility and sector coupling options. Here we introduce DIETERpy that builds on the existing model version, written in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), and enhances it with a Python framework. This combines the flexibility of Python regarding pre- and post-processing of data with a straightforward algebraic formulation in GAMS and the use of efficient solvers. DIETERpy also offers a browser-based graphical user interface. The new framework is designed to be easily accessible as it enables users to run the model, alter its configuration, and define numerous scenarios without a deeper knowledge of GAMS. Code, data, and manuals are available in public repositories under permissive licenses for transparency and reproducibility.
Cellular organization by self-organization : mechanisms and models for Min protein dynamics
Creators: name: Howard, Martin
name: Kruse, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the oscillating Min proteins of Escherichia coli as a prototype system to illustrate the current state and potential of modeling protein dynamics in space and time. We demonstrate how a theoretical approach has led to striking new insights into the mechanisms of self-organization in bacterial cells and indicate how these ideas may be applicable to more complex structure formation in eukaryotic cells.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure
RESTRICTIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF PREFERENCE VARIABLES IN THE ROTTERDAM MODEL
Creators: name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: demand
subject: demographic
subject: fresh fruit
subject: Rotterdam model

description: This study examines imposing and testing restrictions on preference variables in the Rotterdam model through the impacts of these variables on marginal utilities. An empirical analysis of the impact of a female labor force participation variable in a Rotterdam demand system for fresh fruit illustrates the methodology. This variable was modeled through its impact on marginal utilities via "adjusted" prices, following theoretical work by Basmann and Barten, among others. Results show that the female labor participation has negatively impacted the demands for citrus, while positively impacting the demands for other fresh fruit.
A Joint introduction to Gaussian Processes and Relevance Vector Machines with Connections to Kalman filtering and other Kernel Smoothers
Creators: name: Martino, Luca
name: Read, Jesse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The expressive power of Bayesian kernel-based methods has led them to become an important tool across many different facets of artificial intelligence, and useful to a plethora of modern application domains, providing both power and interpretability via uncertainty analysis. This article introduces and discusses two methods which straddle the areas of probabilistic Bayesian schemes and kernel methods for regression: Gaussian Processes and Relevance Vector Machines. Our focus is on developing a common framework with which to view these methods, via intermediate methods a probabilistic version of the well-known kernel ridge regression, and drawing connections among them, via dual formulations, and discussion of their application in the context of major tasks: regression, smoothing, interpolation, and filtering. Overall, we provide understanding of the mathematical concepts behind these models, and we summarize and discuss in depth different interpretations and highlight the relationship to other methods, such as linear kernel smoothers, Kalman filtering and Fourier approximations. Throughout, we provide numerous figures to promote understanding, and we make numerous recommendations to practitioners. Benefits and drawbacks of the different techniques are highlighted. To our knowledge, this is the most in-depth study of its kind to date focused on these two methods, and will be relevant to theoretical understanding and practitioners throughout the domains of data-science, signal processing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in general.
Improved Action Functionals in Non-Perturbative Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Bonanno, Alfio
name: Esposito, Giampiero
name: Rubano, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of gravity with variable G and Lambda have acquired greater relevance after the recent evidence in favour of the Einstein theory being non-perturbatively renormalizable in the Weinberg sense. The present paper builds a modified Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) action functional for such models which leads to a power-law growth of the scale factor for pure gravity and for a massless phi**4 theory in a Universe with Robertson-Walker symmetry, in agreement with the recently developed fixed-point cosmology. Interestingly, the renormalization-group flow at the fixed point is found to be compatible with a Lagrangian description of the running quantities G and Lambda.
description: Latex file. Record without file already exists on SLAC-SPIRES, and hence that record and the one for the present arxiv submission should become one record only
EEG correlates of human-rhythm interaction
Creators: name: Van Ransbeeck, Wannes
name: Botteldooren, Dick
name: Verhulst, Sarah
name: Leman, Marc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Within the metaverse a tendency exists towards a seamless and intuitive interaction in the virtual world by an immersive and interactive environment. Capturing user sensation and experience during the interaction can help to build and maintain this immersion in any interaction, including music and rhythm. Here, besides physical user inputs, brain monitoring and bio-synchronization, can be a relevant tool for user analysis of the experience.

 For example, neural entrainment, being the unidirectional synchronization of neural oscillations to an external rhythmic stimulus, provides a pathway to studying these interactions and help characterizing them. Nevertheless, despite being a topic of major interest in neuroscience, correct non-invasive quantification of the entrainment and defining the emotion, experience and sensation without providing misinterpretation seem difficult.

In this poster an experiment and pilot data are presented aimed at exploring potential brain markers in relation to synchronicity of a performance and associated questionnaire responses to identify bio-indicators of a good human-rhythm interaction and through it identify entrainment and user experience. 

A finger-taping experiment with variable beat patterns will be conducted on a cohort of 15 subjects where a subject synchronizes its tapping to the auditory presented rhythm or a variation of it. Here, both spectral band activity and the low rhythm-frequency content of the EEG activity will be evaluated locally in time and across the experiment. Two spatial filters, based on localizer trials, will allow separation of sensorimotor and perceptual activity to study their response separately. The quality of the rhythm interaction quality is defined on the basis of the physical performance, questionnaires and additionally builds on the theory of human embodiment within music interaction.
USING INSURANCE TO ENHANCE NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION TIMING TO REDUCE NITROGEN LOSSES
Creators: name: Huang, Wen-Yuan
name: Huang, Wen-Yuan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: insurance
subject: nitrogen fertilizer
subject: application timings

description: Nitrogen applied before planting is more vulnerable to loss to the environment than nitrogen applied during the growing season, but the growing season application can increase the risk of lower yields caused by adverse weather that prohibits farmers to complete N application. An expected utility framework is used to illustrate the potential economic benefit of insurance for a farmer to reduce this risk of cost. An expected-value variance analysis is used to illustrate the potential benefit of insurance to Iowa corn growers who apply N fertilizer only during the growing season.
Gaussian transform of the Weil representation
Creators: name: Stoyanovsky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A description is given of the image of the Weil representation of the symplectic group in the Schwartz space and in the space of tempered distributions under the Gaussian integral transform. We also discuss the problem of infinite dimensional generalization of the Weil representation in the Schwartz space, in order to construct appropriate quantization of free scalar field.
description: 21 pages
A simple model system for self-propelled particles passing a bottleneck
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Mahdieh
name: Harth, Kirsten
name: Puzyrev, Dmitry
name: Hanselka, Tina
name: Trittel, Torsten
name: Stannarius, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the passage of active and passive granular particles through a bottleneck under gravitational bias. The grains are pharmaceutical capsules with nearly spherocylindrical shapes on a vibrating table. The vibrating plate is slightly tilted in order to break the in-plane symmetry and to give particles a motivation to move in a preferential direction on the plate. The passage through a narrow gate with openings comparable to the grain length is studied using video imaging, and particle positions and velocities are extracted from the recorded frames. We compare the behaviour of asymmetrically filled, active capsules with symmetrically filled, passive ones.
FARM-LEVEL EFFECTS OF ADOPTING HERBICIDE-TOLERANT SOYBEANS IN THE U.S.A.
Creators: name: Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge
name: Klotz-Ingram, Cassandra
name: Jans, Sharon
name: Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge
name: Klotz-Ingram, Cassandra
name: Jans, Sharon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Genetically engineered soybeans
subject: herbicide tolerance
subject: herbicide use
subject: farm profits
subject: technology adoption
subject: yields

description: This paper estimates the on-farm impacts of adopting herbicide-tolerant soybean on herbicide use, yields, and farm profits, using an econometric model that corrects for self-selection and simultaneity and is consistent with profit maximization. The model is estimated using nationwide farm-level survey data for 1997. Given that the use of herbicide-tolerant soybeans involves the substitution of a particular herbicide - primarily glyphosate - for other herbicides, we explicitly consider this substitution process in the model.
OVERSHOOTING OF AGRICULTURAL PRICES IN FOUR ASIAN ECONOMIES
Creators: name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Hasan, Mohamad F.
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Hasan, Mohamad F.
name: Reed, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: agricultural prices
subject: Asian economies
subject: directed graphs
subject: impulse-response functions
subject: manufacturing prices
subject: monetary policy
subject: overshooting
subject: variance-decompositions

description: This article examines the impacts of monetary policy on agricultural prices in four Asian economies using time series analysis and graph theory. The estimations clearly show that agricultural prices overshoot their long-run equilibrium values for Korea, Philippines, and Thailand, and the overshooting for agricultural prices is larger than for manufactured prices. Impulse-response functions and variance-decomposition analysis based on directed graphs and causal structures highlight the complex interplay among the variables in the model and how those relationships differ by country. Money supply changes clearly affect real variables and relative prices for all countries either through overshooting or non-neutrality of money.
Maximum-likelihood estimation prevents unphysical Mueller matrices
Creators: name: Aiello, A.
name: Puentes, G.
name: Voigt, D.
name: Woerdman, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the method of maximum-likelihood estimation, recently introduced in the context of quantum process tomography, can be applied to the determination of Mueller matrices characterizing the polarization properties of classical optical systems. Contrary to linear reconstruction algorithms, the proposed method yields physically acceptable Mueller matrices even in presence of uncontrolled experimental errors. We illustrate the method on the case of an unphysical measured Mueller matrix taken from the literature.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure
NetworkDynamics.jl -- Composing and simulating complex networks in Julia
Creators: name: Lindner, Michael
name: Lincoln, Lucas
name: Drauschke, Fenja
name: Koulen, Julia Monika
name: Würfel, Hans
name: Plietzsch, Anton
name: Hellmann, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.4

description: NetworkDynamics.jl is an easy-to-use and computationally efficient package for working with heterogeneous dynamical systems on complex networks, written in Julia, a high-level, high-performance, dynamic programming language. By combining state of the art solver algorithms from DifferentialEquations.jl with efficient data structures, NetworkDynamics.jl achieves top performance while supporting advanced features like events, algebraic constraints, time-delays, noise terms and automatic differentiation.
description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Chaos 31, 063133 (2021) and may be found at https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0051387
Influence of (1D/2D) hybrid nanomaterials on the mechanical and durability properties of pozzolana portland cementitious mortar
Creators: name: Bhatrola, Kanchna
name: Kothiyal, N C
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This paper investigates the mechanical, microstructural, and durability properties (acid/sulfate attack, water absorption, electrical resistivity, and drying shrinkage) of carbon nanomaterial cementitious mortars (CCMs). With the help of sika superplasticizers, mortars with a water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.42 were fabricated. The functionalities, morphology, and microstructural behavior of the specimens were characterized by powdered X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The capillary suction test and acid/sulfate resistance were significantly improved in the presence of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) in mortars. The incorporation of CNMs revealed a significant role in the process of pore refinement. The research results provide a potential new pathway to improve the toughness and durability of cement composites.
An Evaluation and Summary of the 16-Year Performance of a Concrete Test Pavement
Creators: name: Evans, Milton
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1958
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Presented herein are a summary and evaluation of the performance of a reinforced concrete section of U.S. 27 in north central Kentucky which has been in existence since the summer of 1941. The pavement, totaling 7.89 miles, was constructed in 10 experimental test sections, as shown on the layout map in Figure 1. Five blends of cement, containing normal portland, natural, and two additives, were used with two types of coarse aggregate, limestone and gravel. Since the construction of the pavement in the summer of 1941, several reports and memoranda have been released dealing with various aspects of the over-all study:      Test results on cores taken in 1941, KDH, April, 1942.     Results of freezing and thawing beams made in 1941, KDH, August, 1943.     Supplement to August, 1943, freeze and thaw report, KDH, November, 1944.     Summary Report of Concrete Investigations in Research Projects, HMRL, December, 1945.     Experiments with Air-Entrainment in Cement Concrete, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 5, Sept. 1947. (The test sections are referred to as Project C-1 in this bulletin.)     Inspection Report, HMRL, June, 1953.     Inspection Report, HMRL, June, 1957.
An Engineering Soil Survey of Fayette County, Kentucky
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1958
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The need for soils data in the site selection, design, construction and maintenance of any major structure is generally appreciated by the engineer. The "rule of thumb" methods often used in developing smaller structures can prove unsatisfactory, or even disastrous, when applied to larger projects.
The Cyborg Astrobiologist: Scouting Red Beds for Uncommon Features with Geological Significance
Creators: name: McGuire, Patrick C.
name: Diaz-Martinez, Enrique
name: Ormo, Jens
name: Gomez-Elvira, Javier
name: Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose A.
name: Sebastian-Martinez, Eduardo
name: Ritter, Helge
name: Haschke, Robert
name: Oesker, Markus
name: Ontrup, Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: I.2.10; I.4.6; I.4.8; I.4.9; I.2.9; I.5.4; I.5.5; J.2; J.3; D.2; D.1.7; D.4.7

description: The `Cyborg Astrobiologist' (CA) has undergone a second geological field trial, at a red sandstone site in northern Guadalajara, Spain, near Riba de Santiuste. The Cyborg Astrobiologist is a wearable computer and video camera system that has demonstrated a capability to find uncommon interest points in geological imagery in real-time in the field. The first (of three) geological structures that we studied was an outcrop of nearly homogeneous sandstone, which exhibits oxidized-iron impurities in red and and an absence of these iron impurities in white. The white areas in these ``red beds'' have turned white because the iron has been removed by chemical reduction, perhaps by a biological agent. The computer vision system found in one instance several (iron-free) white spots to be uncommon and therefore interesting, as well as several small and dark nodules. The second geological structure contained white, textured mineral deposits on the surface of the sandstone, which were found by the CA to be interesting. The third geological structure was a 50 cm thick paleosol layer, with fossilized root structures of some plants, which were found by the CA to be interesting. A quasi-blind comparison of the Cyborg Astrobiologist's interest points for these images with the interest points determined afterwards by a human geologist shows that the Cyborg Astrobiologist concurred with the human geologist 68% of the time (true positive rate), with a 32% false positive rate and a 32% false negative rate. (abstract has been abridged).
description: to appear in Int'l J. Astrobiology, vol.4, iss.2 (June 2005); 19 pages, 7 figs
Non-Perturbative Aspects of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Gamboa, Jorge
name: Lopez-Sarrion, Justo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous symmetry breaking is studied in the ultralocal limit of a scalar quantum field theory, that is when $E\approx m$ (or infrared limit). In this limit we show that a $ φ^4$ theory in the euclidean space in four-dimensions describes naturally instantons. Furthermore, in the infrared limit we show that there is an exact map between $ φ^4$ with self-dual Yang-Mills theories. The spontaneous symmetry breaking in the infrared limit for a Higgs portal is also considered and we demonstrate how states of higher energy becomes unstable and spread converting a false vacuum in a true one.
description: corrections and new section added
Physics at the FQMT'04 conference
Creators: name: Spicka, V.
name: Nieuwenhuizen, Th. M.
name: Keefe, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper summarizes the recent state of the art of the following topics presented at the FQMT'04 conference: Quantum, mesoscopic and (partly) classical thermodynamics; Quantum limits to the second law of thermodynamics; Quantum measurement; Quantum decoherence and dephasing; Mesoscopic and nano-electro-mechanical systems; Classical molecular motors, ratchet systems and rectified motion; Quantum Brownian motion and Quantum motors; Physics of quantum computing; and Relevant experiments from the nanoscale to the macroscale. To all these subjects an introduction is given and the recent literature is broadly overviewed. The paper contains some 450 references in total.
description: 31 pages, 455 references with titles