Role of Ethics in Modern Day Research
Creators: name: Muhammad Junaid, Junaid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Introduction

Research is one method of acquiring information. Most research projects involving people are geared toward enhancing human health, knowledge, cultural understanding, and general understanding. Research of this sort is conducted for a variety of reasons, including the alleviation of human suffering, the verification of scientific or social theories, the evaluation of policymaking, and the eradication of ignorance (George, 2016). Researchers are provided a variety of freedoms and protections to ensure the continued autonomy of the research community in institutions of higher learning. The rights include the right to enquire and disseminate research findings. As a result, researchers and institutions conducting human subject studies must be aware that this freedom comes with considerable responsibility for ensuring the study is carried out in compliance with the highest ethical and scientific standards. Due to the high risks involved in achieving reliable and comprehensive findings, researchers' actions are under intense scrutiny. It is the responsibility of all researchers, regardless of their field, to ensure that the rights and well-being of their subjects are respected and protected. Researchers are responsible for upholding the values of truth, openness, accountability, honesty, and adherence to professional norms. The ethical responsibility of researchers is to protect their participants and alleviate any psychological or physical distress and social or physical threats. Negligence allegations are reduced when people act ethically. A branch of philosophy called ethics focuses on what is good or bad, right or wrong (Qamar, 2018). 

Ethics in the context of research is concerned with providing guidelines for researchers, monitoring and interpreting research, and establishing procedures to ensure ethical study (Bos, 2020). A survey of the history of research suggests that the idea of research ethics extends beyond the rules laid forth in a code of ethics to incorporate not only the writer's intellectual and moral perspective but also the discourse and lessons learned across generations as a result of mistakes made in the past (Braun et al., 2020). Ethics is highly critical and is considered to be a crucial component. A researcher needs to ensure that they present accurate data without making any mistakes. In addition, when authors are ethical, they are more likely to work together on their research projects, earning their superiors' respect and their peers' confidence. Researchers must treat all participants with fairness, integrity, and respect to accomplish this objective. By keeping ethical issues in mind, it is commonly established that each contributor's intellectual property rights must be protected. The researcher needs to have a complete understanding of all ethical principles governing research procedures before starting the project's research phase. The term "ethics in research" refers to a set of principles that should be followed as the standard for how researchers should act (Žukauskas et al., 2018). Research ethics' main objective is to ensure that nobody is ever harmed or negatively impacted by the researcher's or the research's operations. In order to prevent any unethical behavior in an individual, group, society, or organization, a study must be created. Researchers are also morally obligated to protect the welfare of any human or animal subjects involved in their studies.

Conceptual Background

The majority of people, when they think about ethics (or morality), think of rules for determining what is right and what is wrong. One example of such a guideline is the "Golden Rule," which states, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"(Gensler, 2013).  This exemplifies a code of ethics for professionals. Most people understand "ethics" to mean a set of principles that outline the boundaries between right and wrong behavior. Several disciplines tackle the question of morality, including philosophy, psychology, law, neuroscience, and sociology. Decision-making and problem-solving in complicated situations need an ethical framework, which can be considered an ethical method, attitude, or style of understanding. Ethics is a set of moral principles that guide one's actions, views, and perspectives (Cascio et al., 2021). Ethics refers to the body of rules and concepts that govern what constitutes right and wrong action.