cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Microscopic Models for Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Bass, S. A.
name: Belkacem, M.
name: Bleicher, M.
name: Brandstetter, M.
name: Bravina, L.
name: Ernst, C.
name: Gerland, L.
name: Hofmann, M.
name: Hofmann, S.
name: Konopka, J.
name: Mao, G.
name: Neise, L.
name: Soff, S.
name: Spieles, C.
name: Weber, H.
name: Winckelmann, L. A.
name: Stöcker, H.
name: Greiner, W.
name: Hartnack, Ch.
name: Aichelin, J.
name: Amelin, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the concepts of microscopic transport theory are introduced and the features and shortcomings of the most commonly used ansatzes are discussed. In particular, the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport model is described in great detail. Based on the same principles as QMD and RQMD, it incorporates a vastly extended collision term with full baryon-antibaryon symmetry, 55 baryon and 32 meson species. Isospin is explicitly treated for all hadrons. The range of applicability stretches from $E_{lab}< 100$ MeV/nucleon up to $E_{lab}> 200$ GeV/nucleon, allowing for a consistent calculation of excitation functions from the intermediate energy domain up to ultrarelativistic energies. The main physics topics under discussion are stopping, particle production and collective flow.
description: 129 pages, pagestyle changed using US letter (8.5x11 in) format. The whole paper (13 Mb ps file) could also be obtained from ftp://ftp.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/pub/urqmd/ppnp2.ps.gz
Equilibrium to Einstein: Entanglement, Thermodynamics, and Gravity
Creators: name: Svesko, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we develop the connection between thermodynamics, entanglement, and gravity. By attributing thermodynamics to timeslices of a causal diamond, we show that the Clausius relation $TΔS_{\text{rev}}=Q$, where $ΔS_{\text{rev}}$ is the reversible entropy change, gives rise to the non-linear gravitational equations of motion for a wide class of diffeomorphism invariant theories. We then compare the Clausius relation to the first law of causal diamond mechanics (FLCD), a geometric identity and necessary ingredient in deriving Jacobson's entanglement equilibrium proposal -- the entanglement entropy of a spherical region with a fixed volume is maximal in vacuum. Specifically we show that the condition of fixed volume can be understood as subtracting the irreversible contribution to the thermodynamic entropy. This provides a "reversible thermodynamic process" interpretation of the FLCD, and that the condition of entanglement equilibrium may be regarded as equilibrium thermodynamics for which the Clausius relation holds. Finally, we extend the entanglement equilibrium proposal to the timelike stretched horizons of future lightcones, providing an entanglement interpretation of stretched lightcone thermodynamics.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 3: of Targeting the tumor stroma with an oncolytic adenovirus secreting a fibroblast activation protein-targeted bispecific T-cell engager
Creators: name: Sostoa, Jana
name: Fajardo, Carlos
name: Moreno, Rafael
name: Ramos, Maria
name: MartĂ­ Farrera-Sal
name: Alemany, Ramon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Characterization of GFP- and CBG Luciferase-expressing T cells. A. Flow cytometry analysis of GFP expression of preactivated T-cells that had been transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding GFP and the click beetle green (CBG) luciferase. B. Percentages of CD4 and CD8 LUC-T-cells populations determined by flow cytometry. (DOCX 231 kb)
SUSY-QCD corrections to stop and sbottom decays into W and Z bosons
Creators: name: Bartl, A.
name: Eberl, H.
name: Hidaka, K.
name: Kraml, S.
name: Majerotto, W.
name: Porod, W.
name: Yamada, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the supersymmetric ${\cal O}(α_s)$ QCD corrections to stop and sbottom decays into vector bosons within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. We give analytic formulae and perform a numerical analysis of these decays. We find that SUSY-QCD corrections to the decay widths are typically -5% to -10% depending on the squark masses, squark mixing angles, and the gluino mass.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, LaTeX2e
Additional file 2: of Targeting the tumor stroma with an oncolytic adenovirus secreting a fibroblast activation protein-targeted bispecific T-cell engager
Creators: name: Sostoa, Jana
name: Fajardo, Carlos
name: Moreno, Rafael
name: Ramos, Maria
name: Martí Farrera-Sal
name: Alemany, Ramon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: FBiTE-mediated bystander tumor cell killing. A, B. CFSE-stained HT cells (A) or A431 cells (B) were culture in the presence of T cells and its derivative mFAP- or hFAP cells and the indicated supernatants (mock, ICO15K or ICO15K-FBiTE) were added. After 24 h, cytotoxicity of HT cells (A) or A431 cells (B) and its mFAP- or hFAP-derivative cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Mean values ± SD are plotted in A, B (n = 3). ***, significant (P
Additional file 4: of Targeting the tumor stroma with an oncolytic adenovirus secreting a fibroblast activation protein-targeted bispecific T-cell engager
Creators: name: Sostoa, Jana
name: Fajardo, Carlos
name: Moreno, Rafael
name: Ramos, Maria
name: Martí Farrera-Sal
name: Alemany, Ramon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Body weight variation in A549 xenograft antitumoral efficacy assay. Animal body weight was monitored weekly after intratumoral injection of PBS, ICO15K or ICO15K-FBiTE (2 × 109 vp). Mean values ± SEM are plotted (n = 6–7). (DOCX 140 kb)
Sociality in the North African small carpenter bee, Ceratina albosticta
Creators: name: Mikát, Michael
name: Rehan, Sandra M
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Facultative sociality · Per capita productivity · Reproductive division of labor · Ceratina · Xylocopinae
subject: Entomology

description: Small carpenter bees (genus Ceratina) are excellent taxa for studying early stages of social evolution, as they have high within and between species variability in social and parental behavior. Most species of Ceratina studied are facultatively social, with solitary and social nests in sympatry. Here, we examined the nesting and social biology of Ceratina albosticta from populations on the edge of the Sahara Desert in Morocco. Although the majority of nests were solitary, social colonies were relatively common and occurred in 16% of nests. Social nests typically contained two females; however, nests possessing up to four females were also detected. Two-female nests contained four times more offspring on average than solitary nests; therefore, their nest productivity per female was two times higher than in solitary nests. Social nests contained females of similar body size, but the female with larger ovarian development also exhibited greater wing wear. Ovarian dissections and wing wear data suggest that one female performs foraging and reproduction tasks, while the other female serves as a guard. The brood productivity of this facultatively social bee suggests a benefit to social nesting in this species. Moreover, the division of labor observed is recurrent across bee species found in the subfamily Xylocopinae. This is unlike the more traditional queen and worker roles found in the corbiculate and halictid bees, but an interesting and relatively understudied independent origin of eusociality.
Feature selection as Monte-Carlo Search in Growing Single Rooted Directed Acyclic Graph by Best Leaf Identification
Creators: name: Pelissier, Aurelien
name: Nakamura, Atsuyoshi
name: Tabata, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) has received considerable interest due to its spectacular success in the difficult problem of computer Go and also proved beneficial in a range of other domains. A major issue that has received little attention in the MCTS literature is the fact that, in most games, different actions can lead to the same state, that may lead to a high degree of redundancy in tree representation and unnecessary additional computational cost. We extend MCTS to single rooted directed acyclic graph (SR-DAG), and consider the Best Arm Identification (BAI) and the Best Leaf Identification (BLI) problem of an expanding SR-DAG of arbitrary depth. We propose algorithms that are (epsilon, delta)-correct in the fixed confidence setting, and prove an asymptotic upper bounds of sample complexity for our BAI algorithm. As a major application for our BLI algorithm, a novel approach for Feature Selection is proposed by representing the feature set space as a SR-DAG and repeatedly evaluating feature subsets until a candidate for the best leaf is returned, a proof of concept is shown on benchmark data sets.
Many-body Green's function theory for the magnetic reorientation of thin ferromagnetic films
Creators: name: Fröbrich, P.
name: Jensen, P. J.
name: Kuntz, P. J.
name: Ecker, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field-induced reorientation of the magnetization of ferromagnetic films is treated within the framework of many-body Green's function theory by considering all components of the magnetization. We present a new method for the calculation of expectation values in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the equations of motion matrix for the set of Green's functions. This formulation allows a straightforward extension of the monolayer case to thin films with many layers and for arbitrary spin and moreover provides a practicable procedure for numerical computation. The model Hamiltonian includes a Heisenberg term, an external magnetic field, a second-order uniaxial single-ion anisotropy, and the magnetic dipole-dipole coupling. We utilize the Tyablikov (RPA) decoupling for the exchange interaction terms and the Anderson-Callen decoupling for the anisotropy terms. The dipole coupling is treated in the mean-field approximation, a procedure which we demonstrate to be a sufficiently good approximation for realistic coupling strengths. We apply the new method to monolayers with spin $S\geq 1$ and to multilayer systems with S=1. We compare some of our results to those where mean-field theory (MFT) is applied to all interactions, pointing out some significant differences.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, EPJ-B style file
Reduced Density-Matrix Approach to Strong Matter-Photon Interaction
Creators: name: Buchholz, Florian
name: Theophilou, Iris
name: Nielsen, Soeren Ersbak Bang
name: Ruggenthaler, Michael
name: Rubio, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first-principles approach to electronic many-body systems strongly coupled to cavity modes in terms of matter-photon one-body reduced density matrices. The theory is fundamentally non-perturbative and thus captures not only the effects of correlated electronic systems but accounts also for strong interactions between matter and photon degrees of freedom. We do so by introducing a higher-dimensional auxiliary system that maps the coupled fermion-boson system to a dressed fermionic problem. This reformulation allows us to overcome many fundamental challenges of density-matrix theory in the context of coupled fermion-boson systems and we can employ conventional reduced density-matrix functional theory developed for purely fermionic systems. We provide results for one-dimensional model systems in real space and show that simple density-matrix approximations are accurate from the weak to the deep-strong coupling regime. This justifies the application of our method to systems that are too complex for exact calculations and we present first results, which show that the influence of the photon field depends sensitively on the details of the electronic structure.
description: 52 pages, 26 figures, plus supporting information of 24 pages
Additional file 3 of PCV cap proteins fused with calreticulin expressed into polymers in Escherichia coli with high immunogenicity in mice
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Liu, Yunchao
name: Feng, Hua
name: Zhao, Baolei
name: Chen, Yumei
name: Huang, Huimin
name: Wang, Pan
name: Deng, Ruiguang
name: Zhang, Gaiping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3.
Linear dependence of bivariate Minimal Support and Locally Refined B-splines over LR-meshes
Creators: name: Patrizi, Francesco
name: Dokken, Tor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65D07, 65D17, 41A15, 41A63

description: The focus on locally refined spline spaces has grown rapidly in recent years due to the need in Isogeoemtric analysis (IgA) of spline spaces with local adaptivity: a property not offered by the strict regular structure of tensor product B-spline spaces. However, this flexibility sometimes results in collections of B-splines spanning the space that are not linearly independent. In this paper we address the minimal number of B-splines that can form a linear dependence relation for Minimal Support B-splines (MS B-splines) and for Locally Refinable B-splines (LR B-splines) on LR-meshes. We show that the minimal number is six for MS B-splines, and eight for LR B-splines. The risk of linear dependency is consequently significantly higher for MS B-splines than for LR B-splines. Further results are established to help detecting collections of B-splines that are linearly independent.
Structure of Flux Line Lattices with Weak Disorder at Large Length Scales
Creators: name: Kim, Philip
name: Yao, Zhen
name: Bolle, Cristian A.
name: Lieber, Charles M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dislocation-free decoration images containing up to 80,000 vortices have been obtained on high quality Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+x}$ superconducting single crystals. The observed flux line lattices are in the random manifold regime with a roughening exponent of 0.44 for length scales up to 80-100 lattice constants. At larger length scales, the data exhibit nonequilibrium features that persist for different cooling rates and field histories.
description: 4 pages, 3 gif images, to appear in PRB rapid communication
Schwarz lemmas via the pluricomplex Green's function
Creators: name: Janardhanan, Jaikrishnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32H15, 32H20, 32U35

description: We prove a version of the Schwarz lemma for holomorphic mappings from the unit disk into the symmetric product of a Riemann surface. Our proof is function-theoretic and self-contained. The main novelty in our proof is the use of the pluricomplex Green's function. We also prove several other Schwarz lemmas using this function.
description: Lemma 22 has been deleted. Some minor fixes
X-ray optics and beam characterization using random modulation: Theory
Creators: name: Berujon, Sebastien
name: Cojocaru, Ruxandra
name: Piault, Pierre
name: Celestre, Rafael
name: Roth, Thomas
name: Barrett, Raymond
name: Ziegler, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray near-field speckle-based phase-sensing approaches provide efficient means to characterise optical elements. Here, we present a theoretical review of several of these speckle methods in the frame of optical characterisation and provide a generalization of the concept. As we also demonstrate experimentally in another paper, the methods theoretically developed here can be applied with different beams and optics and within a variety of situations where at-wavelength metrology is desired. By understanding the differences between the various processing methods, it is possible to find and implement the best suited approach for each metrology scenario.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 3 (195)]
Creators: name: Otinus De Furmento
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1284
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Otinus de Furmento, Servitor comunis in Novara, setzt auf Geheiß des Brexanus Coca, Consul iustititiae ebendort, den Leuus de Magio, Sohn des verstorbenen Anselmus de Magio, und Jacobus, genannt Rastellus de Garego, Sohn des verstorbenen Notars Maynfredus de Garego, in den Besitz eines Viertels des einstigen Besitzes des Salamo de Binibiola ein.
Trace formula for an ensemble of bumpy billiards.
Creators: name: Pavloff, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the semiclassical quantization of an ensemble of billiards with a small random shape deformation. We derive a trace formula averaged over shape disorder. The results are illustrated by the study of supershells in rough metal clusters.
description: 12 pages, latex, 3 figures available by fax upon request.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 3 (231)]
Creators: name: Mantellus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1299
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Mantellus de Mantellis, Iudex und Vicarius des Ubertus Spinola, seinerseits Podestà von Pavia, weist Bignotus de Sancto Mauricio und weitere genannte Personen aus Dorno auf Grundlage eines vorgelegten Dokuments an, dem Bigudius Sclafenatus, Canonicus, Syndicus und Procurator plebis von Dorno, unter Androhung einer Strafe elf Stück Land ebendort zu überschreiben.
title: Spins as qubits
title: Quantum information processing by nuclear magnetic resonance
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Suter, Dieter
name: Mahesh, T. S.
Publisher: name: American Institute of Physics
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Storing information in quantum mechanical degrees of freedom and processing it by unitary transformation promises a new class of computers that can efficiently solve problems for which no efficient classical algorithms are known. The most straightforward implementation of this type of information processing uses nuclear spins to store the information and nuclear magnetic resonance for processing it. We discuss the basics of quantum information processing by NMR, with an emphasis on two fields of research: the design and implementation of robust logical gate operations and the loss of quantum information, which is known as decoherence.
title: Walk this Way: How the Library Can Build Community on Campus by Creating a Physical and Virtual Walk
Creators: name: Wilson, Laura
name: Villa, Lisa
name: Tabolt, Corinne
name: Skoog, Susan
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Archives and Special Collections Outreach
subject: outreach
subject: poetry
subject: archives
subject: collaboration
subject: project management
subject: Library and Information Science

description: https://doi.org/10.7275/qh9v-7608
description: In January 2020, the Outreach and Engagement Team at the College of the Holy Cross began preparing a poetry walk, which was reconfigured to a social media “poetry event” due to COVID-19. With the anticipated return of students to campus for the Spring 2021 semester and a need for the community (especially students) to have recreational opportunities that were safe, socially distanced and preferably outside, the Team attempted to plan another poetry walk. The Outreach and Engagement Team collaborated with both academic and non-academic departments to assemble a mile-long loop through campus featuring original student poetry and poetry from the library’s Distinctive Collections. In addition to communal and recreational benefits, the project also served to promote the College’s Distinctive Collections and institutional repository, CrossWorks. Most rewarding has been the feedback from students and faculty, who appreciated the poetry walk as a way to feel connected to campus and community despite the many ways people were disconnected.
Additional file 1: of Targeting the tumor stroma with an oncolytic adenovirus secreting a fibroblast activation protein-targeted bispecific T-cell engager
Creators: name: Sostoa, Jana
name: Fajardo, Carlos
name: Moreno, Rafael
name: Ramos, Maria
name: MartĂ­ Farrera-Sal
name: Alemany, Ramon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: FBiTEs molecules expressed from ICO15K-FBiTE-infected cells induce T-cells proliferation when co-cultured with PBMCs. 293, 293mFAP and 293hFAP were co-cultured with CFSE-labeled PBMCs and indicated supernatants. Six days after co-culture, the CFSE content in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was determined by flow cytometry. A representative result of triplicates is shown. (DOCX 13487 kb)
Continuous Quantum Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Sondhi, S. L.
name: Girvin, S. M.
name: Carini, J. P.
name: Shahar, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum system can undergo a continuous phase transition at the absolute zero of temperature as some parameter entering its Hamiltonian is varied. These transitions are particularly interesting for, in contrast to their classical finite temperature counterparts, their dynamic and static critical behaviors are intimately intertwined. We show that considerable insight is gained by considering the path integral description of the quantum statistical mechanics of such systems, which takes the form of the {\em classical} statistical mechanics of a system in which time appears as an extra dimension. In particular, this allows the deduction of scaling forms for the finite temperature behavior, which turns out to be described by the theory of finite size scaling. It also leads naturally to the notion of a temperature-dependent dephasing length that governs the crossover between quantum and classical fluctuations. We illustrate these ideas using Josephson junction arrays and with a set of recent experiments on phase transitions in systems exhibiting the quantum Hall effect.
description: 49 pages, Latex, and RMP style files and 12 Postscript Figures included. Uses harvard.sty style file. To appear in the Colloquium section of Rev. Mod. Phys
The imaginary time Path Integral and non-time-reversal-invariant- saddle points of the Euclidean Action
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Indranil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss new bounce-like (but non-time-reversal-invariant-) solutions to Euclidean equations of motion, which we dub boomerons. In the Euclidean path integral approach to quantum theories, boomerons make an imaginary contribution to the vacuum energy. The fake vacuum instabilty can be removed by cancelling boomeron contributions against contributions from time reversed boomerons (anti-boomerons). The cancellation rests on a sign choice whose significance is not completely understood in the path integral method.
description: 19 pages, LaTex, 5 epsf figures. A new example from quantum mechanics is included. The role of internal symmetries is discussed. To be published in Nucl. Phys. B
Coupled-mode theory for Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Ostrovskaya, Elena A.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
name: Lisak, Mietek
name: Hall, Bjorn
name: Cattani, Federica
name: Anderson, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the concepts of nonlinear guided-wave optics to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in an external potential. As an example, we consider a parabolic double-well potential and derive coupled-mode equations for the complex amplitudes of the BEC macroscopic collective modes. Our equations describe different regimes of the condensate dynamics, including the nonlinear Josephson effect for any separation between the wells. We demonstrate macroscopic self-trapping for both repulsive and attractive interactions, and confirm our results by numerical simulations.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures; typos removed, figures amended; submitted to PRA
Additional file 2: of A cholera outbreak in a rural north central Nigerian community: an unmatched case-control study
Creators: name: Chioma Dan-Nwafor
name: Uzoma Ogbonna
name: Onyiah, Pamela
name: Saheed Gidado
name: Bashorun Adebobola
name: Nguku, Patrick
name: Nsubuga, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Cholera Gomani outbreak investigation case control questionnaire sample. (DOCX 93 kb)
Effect of Coulomb interaction on the two-dimensional electronic structure of the van der Waals ferromagnet Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$
Creators: name: Suzuki, M.
name: Gao, B.
name: Koshiishi, K.
name: Nakata, S.
name: Hagiwara, K.
name: Lin, C.
name: Wan, Y. X.
name: Kumigashira, H.
name: Ono, K.
name: Kang, Sungmo
name: Kang, Seungjin
name: Yu, J.
name: Kobayashi, M.
name: Cheong, S-W.
name: Fujimori, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to investigate the electronic properties of the semiconducting van der Waals ferromagnet Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$ (CGT), where ferromagnetic layers are bonded through van der Waals forces, we have performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements and density-functional-theory (DFT+U) calculations. The valence-band maximum at the Γ point is located $\sim$ 0.2 eV below the Fermi level, consistent with the semiconducting property of CGT. Comparison of the experimental density of states with the DFT calculation has suggested that Coulomb interaction between the Cr 3d electrons U$_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 1.1 eV. The DFT+U calculation indicates that magnetic coupling between Cr atoms within the layer is ferromagnetic if Coulomb U $_{\rm eff}$ is smaller than 3.0 eV and that the inter-layer coupling is ferromagnetic below U$_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 1.0 eV. We therefore conclude that, for U$_{\rm eff}$ deduced by the experiment, the intra-layer Cr-Cr coupling is ferromagnetic and the inter-layer coupling is near the boundary between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, which means experimentally deduced U$_{\rm eff}$ is consistent with theoretical ferromagnetic condition.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Cogitations on our quest to find a silver lining in the shroud of the COVID cloud
Creators: name: Loh, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: In this article, the author shares on: 1) how he first learnt of SARS-CoV-2; 2) crucial factors that likely facilitated the rapid and widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19's ability to inflict significant harm; 3) consideration of the 1918 pandemic, and why COVID-19 may linger indefinitely even with an approved vaccine; 4) the positive things that have arisen possibly as a result of the pandemic.
description: {"references": ["EarthSky. Lunar New Year 2020 falls on January 25 Human World2020 [Available from: https://earthsky.org/human-world/chinese-new-year-lunar-new-year.", "CTCS. Economic Profile of China's Hubei Province 2016 [Available from: https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/china-chine/market-facts-faits-sur-le-marche/112025.aspx?lang=eng.", "Fraser C, Donnelly CA, Cauchemez S, Hanage WP, Van Kerkhove MD, Hollingsworth TD, et al. Pandemic Potential of a Strain of Influenza A (H1N1): Early Findings. Science. 2009;324(5934):1557-61.", "WHO. Ebola virus disease Fact sheet N\u00b0103: World Health Organization; 2014 [Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20141214011751/https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/.", "Khan A, Naveed M, Dur-E-Ahmad M, Imran M. Estimating the basic reproductive ratio for the Ebola outbreak in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 2015;4(1):13.", "CDC. Transmission of Measles 2018 [Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/measles/transmission.html.", "Guerra FM, Bolotin S, Lim G, Heffernan J, Deeks SL, Li Y, et al. The basic reproduction number (R 0 ) of measles: a systematic review. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2017;17(12):e420-e8.", "Sanche S, Lin YT, Xu C, Romero-Severson E, Hengartner N, Ke R. High Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2020;26(7):1470-7.", "HISTORY.COM. Spanish Flu 2010 [Available from: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/1918-flu-pandemic.", "Spinney L. Pale rider : the Spanish flu of 1918 and how it changed the world. London: Vintage; 2018.", "Caldbick J. Washington State Board of Health pessimistic about influenza pandemic in report to governor on January 1, 1919. 2017 [Available from: https://www.historylink.org/File/20313.", "Amenabar T. 'The 1918 flu is still with us': The deadliest pandemic ever is still causing problems today: The Washington Post; 2020 [Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/09/01/1918-flu-pandemic-end/.", "Poon T. Governance in an Age of Uncertainty: How should public policymaking and service delivery adapt to an era of greater uncertainty and complexity? Singapore2016 [Available from: https://www.csc.gov.sg/articles/governance-in-an-age-of-uncertainty."]}
Slip length dependent propulsion speed of catalytic colloidal swimmers near walls
Creators: name: Ketzetzi, Stefania
name: de Graaf, Joost
name: Doherty, Rachel P.
name: Kraft, Daniela J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Catalytic colloidal swimmers that propel due to self-generated fluid flows exhibit strong affinity for surfaces. We here report experimental measurements of significantly different velocities of such microswimmers in the vicinity of substrates made from different materials. We find that velocities scale with the solution contact angle $θ$ on the substrate, which in turn relates to the associated hydrodynamic substrate slip length, as $V\propto(\cosθ+1)^{-3/2}$. We show that such dependence can be attributed to osmotic coupling between swimmers and substrate. Our work points out that hydrodynamic slip at the wall, though often unconsidered, can significantly impact the self-propulsion of catalytic swimmers.
Additional file 2 of Longitudinal changes of inflammatory parameters and their correlation with disease severity and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 from Wuhan, China
Creators: name: Zeng, Zhilin
name: Yu, Haijing
name: Chen, Huilong
name: Qi, Weipeng
name: Chen, Liang
name: Chen, Guang
name: Yan, Weiming
name: Chen, Tao
name: Ning, Qin
name: Han, Meifang
name: Wu, Di
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with different disease severity at three time points. Figure S2. Laboratory findings in survivors and deceased patients with COVID-19 at three time points.
Probing the helicity structure of $b \to s γ$ in $Λ_b \to Λγ$
Creators: name: Mannel, T.
name: Recksiegel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the rare decay $Λ_b \to Λγ$ which receives both short and long distance contributions. We estimate the long distance contributions and find them very small. The form factors are obtained from $Λ_c \to Λ\ell \barν_\ell$ using heavy quark symmetry and a pole model. The short distance piece opens a window to new physics and we discuss the sensitivity of $Λ_b \to Λγ$ to such effects.
description: Latex, 6 pages, 1 postscript figure included, uses epsf. Presented at XXIst School of Theoretical Physics, Ustron (Poland), September '97. The complete paper, including figures, is also available via anonymous ftp at ftp://ttpux2.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/, or via www at http://www-ttp.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/cgi-bin/preprints/
Chemical Equilibration in Hadronic Collisions
Creators: name: Kurkela, Aleksi
name: Mazeliauskas, Aleksas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study chemical equilibration in out-of-equilibrium Quark-Gluon Plasma using the first principles method of QCD effective kinetic theory, accurate at weak coupling. In longitudinally expanding systems--relevant for relativistic nuclear collisions--we find that for realistic couplings chemical equilibration takes place after hydrodynamization, but well before local thermalization. We estimate that hadronic collisions with final state multiplicities ${dN_\text{ch}}/{dη}\gtrsim 10^2$ live long enough to reach approximate chemical equilibrium, which is consistent with the saturation of strangeness enhancement observed in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, see also our companion paper arXiv:1811.03068, v2 small changes, published version
``Splitting'' of Delocalized States in a Double--Layer System in a Strong Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Gramada, A.
name: Raikh, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A double--layer system in a strong perpendicular magnetic field is considered. We assume a random potential in each layer to be smooth. We also assume that there is no correlation between random potentials in different layers. Under these conditions the equipotential lines from different layers, corresponding to the same energy, may cross each other. We show that, if the tunnel coupling between the layers exceeds some characteristic value (which is much smaller than the width of the Landau level), then the probability for an electron to switch equipotential (and, thus, the layer) at the intersection is close to one. As a result, the structure of each delocalized state in a double--layer system becomes completely different from that for an isolated layer. The state is composed of alternating pieces of equipotentials from different planes. These combined equipotentials form a percolation network. We demonstrate that the regions, where equipotentials from different planes touch each other, play the role of saddle points for such a network. The energy separation between two delocalized states is of the order of the width of the Landau level, and the critical exponent of the localization length is $7/3$--the same as for an isolated layer.
description: LaTeX, 8 pages, 5 eps figures included
Additional file 4: of Muscle-specific regulation of right ventricular transcriptional responses to chronic hypoxia-induced hypertrophy by the muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) ubiquitin ligase in mice
Creators: name: Oakley, Robert
name: Campen, Matthew
name: Paffett, Michael
name: Chen, Xin
name: Wang, Zhongjing
name: Parry, Traci
name: Hillhouse, Carolyn
name: Cidlowski, John
name: Willis, Monte
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Figure S2. Literature Net analysis of differentially expressed genes in MuRF1 Tg + right ventricles after chronic hypoxia challenge compared to wildtype controls. Analysis of the top 28 genes increased (> 3 fold) and top 18 genes decreased (<− 3 fold) listed in Fig. 3b using Literature Net on Duke Gather ( http://changlab.uth.tmc.edu/gather/gather.py ). (PDF 24 kb)
title: Childhood overweight and obesity—the impact of the home environment
Creators: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Publisher: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: FOS: Health sciences
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Many factors influence childhood overweight and obesity. They include individual and family factors in the home environment—where a child lives and grows—as well as the broader community and society. Parenting practices, styles and modelling of behaviour influence their children’s dietary intake, movement and health behaviours. This report looks at how nutrition, movement, psychological health, surrounding environmental factors and socioeconomic factors influence childhood overweight and obesity within the home environment.
Visual enhancement of Cone-beam CT by use of CycleGAN
Creators: name: Kida, S.
name: Kaji, S.
name: Nawa, K.
name: Imae, T.
name: Nakamoto, T.
name: Ozaki, S.
name: Ohta, T.
name: Nozawa, Y.
name: Nakagawa, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers advantages over conventional fan-beam CT in that it requires a shorter time and less exposure to obtain images. CBCT has found a wide variety of applications in patient positioning for image-guided radiation therapy, extracting radiomic information for designing patient-specific treatment, and computing fractional dose distributions for adaptive radiation therapy. However, CBCT images suffer from low soft-tissue contrast, noise, and artifacts compared to conventional fan-beam CT images. Therefore, it is essential to improve the image quality of CBCT. In this paper, we propose a synthetic approach to translate CBCT images with deep neural networks. Our method requires only unpaired and unaligned CBCT images and planning fan-beam CT (PlanCT) images for training. Once trained, 3D reconstructed CBCT images can be directly translated to high-quality PlanCT-like images. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with images obtained from 24 prostate patients, and we provide a statistical and visual comparison. The image quality of the translated images shows substantial improvement in voxel values, spatial uniformity, and artifact suppression compared to those of the original CBCT. The anatomical structures of the original CBCT images were also well preserved in the translated images. Our method enables more accurate adaptive radiation therapy, and opens up new applications for CBCT that hinge on high-quality images.
Additional file 1 of Longitudinal changes of inflammatory parameters and their correlation with disease severity and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 from Wuhan, China
Creators: name: Zeng, Zhilin
name: Yu, Haijing
name: Chen, Huilong
name: Qi, Weipeng
name: Chen, Liang
name: Chen, Guang
name: Yan, Weiming
name: Chen, Tao
name: Ning, Qin
name: Han, Meifang
name: Wu, Di
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Signs, symptoms and treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Table S2. Clinical characteristics, baseline laboratory findings and treatment of patients with longitudinal changes of inflammatory parameters.
Disorder in the 1D spinless Holstein model
Creators: name: Benfatto, G.
name: Gallavotti, G.
name: Lebowitz, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a spinless fermion system on a one dimensional lattice interacting locally with the optical modes of a quantized phonon field: the Holstein model. The system is shown to have a disordered ground state, for small enough coupling, at any density. This is in contrast to the non quantized phonon case, the static Holstein model, which at half filling has an ordered ground state for all couplings.
description: 13 pages, Plain TeX, 1 figure automatically produced in postscript
Additional file 5: of Muscle-specific regulation of right ventricular transcriptional responses to chronic hypoxia-induced hypertrophy by the muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) ubiquitin ligase in mice
Creators: name: Oakley, Robert
name: Campen, Matthew
name: Paffett, Michael
name: Chen, Xin
name: Wang, Zhongjing
name: Parry, Traci
name: Hillhouse, Carolyn
name: Cidlowski, John
name: Willis, Monte
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S3. Top differentially expressed genes by microarray analysis of right ventricle tissue in rats challenged with pulmonary hypertension-induced right heart failure. A. Top 50 genes increased compared to normoxia controls. B. Top 50 genes decreased compared to normoxia controls. Data downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GEO2R interface including the 8 normoxia right ventricle replicates (6 biological replicates) and 12 hypoxia right ventricle replicates (6 biological replicates). 43,480 data points were downloaded, with 25.241 named. The top 50 genes here were used in further analysis of related transcirption factors. Data published in Drake, et al., Physiol Genomics 2013 45(12):449â 61. (PDF 52 kb)
Summability of the perturbative expansion for a zero-dimensional disordered spin model
Creators: name: Alvarez, G.
name: Martin-Mayor, V.
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show analytically that the perturbative expansion for the free energy of the zero dimensional (quenched) disordered Ising model is Borel-summable in a certain range of parameters, provided that the summation is carried out in two steps: first, in the strength of the original coupling of the Ising model and subsequently in the variance of the quenched disorder. This result is illustrated by some high-precision calculations of the free energy obtained by a straightforward numerical implementation of our sequential summation method.
description: LaTeX, 12 pages and 4 figures
Chemical Equilibration in Weakly Coupled QCD
Creators: name: Kurkela, Aleksi
name: Mazeliauskas, Aleksas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermalization, hydrodynamization, and chemical equilibration in out-of-equilibrium Quark-Gluon Plasma starting from various initial conditions using QCD effective kinetic theory, valid at weak coupling. In non-expanding systems gauge bosons rapidly lose information of the initial state and achieve kinetic equilibrium among themselves, while fermions approach the equilibrium distribution only at later time. In systems undergoing rapid longitudinal expansion, both gluons and quarks are kept away from equilibrium by the expansion, but the evolution is well described by fluid dynamics even before local thermal equilibrium is reached. For realistic couplings we determine the ordering between the separate hydrodynamization, chemical equilibration and thermalization time scales to be $τ_\text{hydro}
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, see also our companion paper arXiv:1811.03040 ; v2 minor changes, published version
On intrinsic and extrinsic rational approximation to Cantor sets
Creators: name: Schleischitz, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 11H06, 11J13

description: We establish various new results on a problem proposed by K. Mahler in 1984 concerning rational approximation to fractal sets by rational numbers inside and outside the set in question, respectively. Some of them provide a natural continuation and improvement of recent results of Broderick, Fishman and Reich and Fishman and Simmons. A key feature is that many of our new results apply to more general, multi-dimensional fractal sets and require only mild assumptions on the iterated function system. Moreover we provide a non-trivial lower bound for the distance of a rational number $p/q$ outside the Cantor middle third set $C$ to the set $C$, in terms of the denominator $q$. We further discuss patterns of rational numbers in fractal sets. We want to highlight two of them: Firstly, an upper bound for the number of rational (algebraic) numbers in a fractal set up to a given height (and degree) for a wide class of fractal sets. Secondly we find properties of the denominator structure of rational points in ''missing digit'' Cantor sets, generalizing claims of Nagy and Bloshchitsyn.
description: 31 pages