cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Non-Traditional Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease Is Associated with Incident Coronary Heart Disease Hospitalization and Death
Creators: name: Wallace, Lindsay M. K.
name: Theou, Olga
name: Kirkland, Susan A.
name: Rockwood, Michael R. H.
name: Davidson, Karina W.
name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Rockwood, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Health risk assessment
Dementia
Coronary heart disease--Risk factors
Epidemiology
Medical sciences
Public health

description: Background
Assessing multiple traditional risk factors improves prediction for late-life diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD). It appears that non-traditional risk factors can also predict risk. The objective was to investigate contributions of non-traditional risk factors to coronary heart disease risk using a deficit accumulation approach.

Methods
Community-dwelling adults with no known history of CHD (n = 2195, mean age 46.9±18.7 years, 51.8% women) participated in the 1995 Nova Scotia Health Survey. Three risk factor indices were constructed to quantify the proportion of deficits present in individuals: 1) a 17-item Non-Traditional Risk Factor Index (e.g. sinusitis, arthritis); 2) a 9-item Traditional Risk Factor Index (e.g. hypertension, diabetes); and 3) a frailty index (25 items combined from the other two index measures). Ten-year risks of CHD events (defined as CHD-related hospitalization and CHD-related mortality) were evaluated.

Results
The Non-Traditional Risk Factor Index, made up of health deficits unrelated to CHD, was independently associated with incident CHD events over 10 years after controlling for age, sex, and the Traditional Risk Factor Index [adjusted {adj.} Hazard Ratio {HR} = 1.31; Confidence Interval {CI} 1.14–1.51]. When all health deficits, both those related and unrelated to CHD, were included in a frailty index the corresponding adjusted hazard ratio was 1.61; CI 1.40–1.85.

Conclusion
Both traditional and non-traditional risk factor indices are independently associated with incident CHD events. CHD risk assessment may benefit from consideration of general health information as well as from traditional risk factors.
Optimizing the Regularization in Size-Consistent Second-Order Brillouin-Wigner Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Carter-Fenk, Kevin
name: Shee, James
name: Head-Gordon, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite its simplicity and relatively low computational cost, second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) is well-known to overbind noncovalent interactions between polarizable monomers and some organometallic bonds. In such situations, the pairwise-additive correlation energy expression in MP2 is inadequate. Although energy-gap dependent amplitude regularization can substantially improve the accuracy of conventional MP2 in these regimes, the same regularization parameter worsens the accuracy for small molecule thermochemistry and density-dependent properties. Recently, we proposed a repartitioning of Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory that is size-consistent to second order (BW-s2), and a free parameter ($α$) was set to recover the exact dissociation limit of H2 in a minimal basis set. Alternatively $α$ can be viewed as a regularization parameter, where each value of $α$ represents a valid variant of BW-s2, which we denote as BW-s2($α$). In this work, we semi-empirically optimize $α$ for noncovalent interactions, thermochemistry, alkane conformational energies, electronic response properties, and transition metal datasets, leading to improvements in accuracy relative to the $\textit{ab initio}$ parameterization of BW-s2 and MP2. We demonstrate that the optimal $α$ parameter ($α = 4$) is more transferable across chemical problems than energy-gap-dependent regularization parameters. This is attributable to the fact that the BW-s2($α$) regularization strength depends on all of the information encoded in the t amplitudes rather than just orbital energy differences. While the computational scaling of BW-s2($α$) is iterative $O(N^5)$, this effective and transferable approach to amplitude regularization is a promising route to incorporate higher-order correlation effects at second-order cost.
description: 7 pages main text, 7 pages supporting information, 11 figures
title: Investigating Pre-Loved Luxury Fashion Consumption: Evidence from the Chinese Consumers
Creators: name: Liu, H
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2030

description: This thesis investigates the burgeoning market of pre-loved luxury fashion in China, exploring the motivations and preferences of Chinese consumers. The research is propelled by the noticeable shift towards sustainable consumption and the growing appeal of unique, high-quality pre-owned luxury items. The study addresses a gap in existing literature, which predominantly focuses on Western markets and employs qualitative methodologies. By adopting a mixed methods approach, combining both quantitative surveys (n=438) and qualitative interviews (n=21), the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving consumer behaviour in this sector. The quantitative component measured broader trends and correlations in consumer attitudes and behaviours, while the qualitative component offered rich contextual insights into the nuanced and subjective aspects of consumer motivations. The study offers several theoretical implications for understanding pre-loved luxury fashion consumption in the Chinese context, particularly as an emerging market, including an expanded understanding of consumer behaviour and the integration of sustainability into luxury consumption. Specifically, it addresses the lack of conceptual clarity in the literature by elucidating the relationships and conceptual linkages among pre-owned second-hand luxury, vintage luxury, and collectors’ luxury. Additionally, it expands the understanding of consumer motivations and channel preferences in the Chinese market by presenting a comprehensive framework that incorporates economic (fair price, resale value, good value for money), functional (uniqueness, originality, quality & condition, authenticity, practicality, brand service), individual (hedonic & recreational, treasure hunting, nostalgic pleasure, collection behaviour, aesthetics & design, need-based), and social (conspicuousness, sustainability & ethics, job-related needs, brand influence) motivations. The study highlights the importance of a multiple-channel retail strategy, aligning with consumer expectations for seamless online and offline shopping experiences to enhance customer trust and satisfaction. Additionally, this study sheds light on not-purchase motives, such as concerns about product authenticity, emphasising the need for robust verification processes to ensure genuine products. The research also examines post-purchase satisfaction, stressing the importance of overcoming purchase barriers and enhancing satisfaction to foster consumer retention and loyalty. Overall, this study provides a holistic view of pre-loved luxury fashion consumption, bridging gaps in the existing literature and informing future research and business practices in this evolving market segment.
A Comparison of Residual-based Methods on Fault Detection
Creators: name: Hsu, Chi-Ching
name: Frusque, Gaetan
name: Fink, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An important initial step in fault detection for complex industrial systems is gaining an understanding of their health condition. Subsequently, continuous monitoring of this health condition becomes crucial to observe its evolution, track changes over time, and isolate faults. As faults are typically rare occurrences, it is essential to perform this monitoring in an unsupervised manner. Various approaches have been proposed not only to detect faults in an unsupervised manner but also to distinguish between different potential fault types. In this study, we perform a comprehensive comparison between two residual-based approaches: autoencoders, and the input-output models that establish a mapping between operating conditions and sensor readings. We explore the sensor-wise residuals and aggregated residuals for the entire system in both methods. The performance evaluation focuses on three tasks: health indicator construction, fault detection, and health indicator interpretation. To perform the comparison, we utilize the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (C-MAPSS) dynamical model, specifically a subset of the turbofan engine dataset containing three different fault types. All models are trained exclusively on healthy data. Fault detection is achieved by applying a threshold that is determined based on the healthy condition. The detection results reveal that both models are capable of detecting faults with an average delay of around 20 cycles and maintain a low false positive rate. While the fault detection performance is similar for both models, the input-output model provides better interpretability regarding potential fault types and the possible faulty components.
description: 10 pages, submitted to the 15th Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society
Hadron formation in semi-inclusive deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering
Creators: name: Song, Li-Hua
name: Liu, Na
name: Duan, Chun-Gui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadron production in lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering is studied in a model including quark energy loss and nuclear absorption. The leading-order computations for hadron multiplicity ratios are presented and compared with the selected HERMES experimental data with the quark hadronization occurring inside the nucleus by means of the hadron formation time. It is shown that with increase of the energy fraction carried by the hadron, the nuclear suppression on hadron multiplicity ratio from nuclear absorption gets bigger. It is found that when hadronization occurs inside the nucleus, the nuclear absorption is the dominant mechanism causing a reduction of the hadron yield. The atomic mass dependence of hadron attenuation for quark hadronization starting inside the nucleus is confirmed theoretically and experimentally to be proportional to $ A^{1/3}$.
oMEGACat I: MUSE spectroscopy of 300,000 stars within the half-light radius of $ω$ Centauri
Creators: name: Nitschai, M. S.
name: Neumayer, N.
name: Clontz, C.
name: Häberle, M.
name: Seth, A. C.
name: Husser, T. -O.
name: Kamann, S.
name: Alfaro-Cuello, M.
name: Kacharov, N.
name: Bellini, A.
name: Dotter, A.
name: Dreizler, S.
name: Feldmeier-Krause, A.
name: Latour, M.
name: Libralato, M.
name: Milone, A. P.
name: Pechetti, R.
name: van de Ven, G.
name: Voggel, K.
name: Weisz, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Omega Centauri ($ω$ Cen) is the most massive globular cluster of the Milky Way and has been the focus of many studies that reveal the complexity of its stellar populations and kinematics. However, most previous studies have used photometric and spectroscopic datasets with limited spatial or magnitude coverage, while we aim to investigate it having full spatial coverage out to its half-light radius and stars ranging from the main sequence to the tip of the red giant branch. This is the first paper in a new survey of $ω$ Cen that combines uniform imaging and spectroscopic data out to its half-light radius to study its stellar populations, kinematics, and formation history. In this paper, we present an unprecedented MUSE spectroscopic dataset combining 87 new MUSE pointings with previous observations collected from guaranteed time observations. We extract spectra of more than 300,000 stars reaching more than two magnitudes below the main sequence turn-off. We use these spectra to derive metallicity and line-of-sight velocity measurements and determine robust uncertainties on these quantities using repeat measurements. Applying quality cuts we achieve signal-to-noise ratios of 16.47/73.51 and mean metallicity errors of 0.174/0.031 dex for the main sequence stars (18 mag $\rm < mag_{F625W}<$22 mag) and red giant branch stars (16 mag $<\rm mag_{F625W}<$10 mag), respectively. We correct the metallicities for atomic diffusion and identify foreground stars. This massive spectroscopic dataset will enable future studies that will transform our understanding of $ω$ Cen, allowing us to investigate the stellar populations, ages, and kinematics in great detail.
description: 27 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables, published in ApJ, the catalog is available in the online material of the published article; typos corrected in this version
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Phenotypes and the Risk for Hypertension
Creators: name: Viera, Anthony J.
name: Shimbo, Daichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Hypertension--Risk factors
subject: Phenotype
subject: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
subject: Medical sciences
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring provides valuable information on a person’s BP phenotype. Abnormal ambulatory BP phenotypes include white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, nocturnal nondipping, nocturnal hypertension, and high BP variability. Compared to people with sustained normotension (normal BP in the clinic and on ambulatory BP monitoring), the limited research available suggests that the risk of developing sustained hypertension (abnormal BP in the clinic and on ambulatory BP monitoring) over 5 to 10 years is approximately two to three times greater for people with white-coat or masked hypertension. More limited data suggest that nondipping might predate hypertension, and no studies, to our knowledge, have examined whether nocturnal hypertension or high ambulatory BP variability predict hypertension. Ambulatory BP monitoring may be useful in identifying people at increased risk of developing sustained hypertension, but the clinical utility for such use would need to be further examined.
The two-body hadronic decays of $B_c$ meson in the perturbative QCD approach: A short review
Creators: name: Xiao, Zhen-Jun
name: Liu, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Along with the running of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) located at CERN in November 2009, a large number of data samples of $B_c$ meson have been collected and some hadronic $B_c$ decay modes have been measured by the LHC experiments. In view of the special and important roles of $B_c$ meson decays playing in the heavy flavor sector, we here give a short review on the status of two body hadronic decays $B_c \to M_1 M_2$ at both experimental and theoretical aspects. For the theoretical progresses, specifically, we will show lots of theoretical studies on two body hadronic $B_c$ decays involving pseudoscalar, vector, scalar, axial-vector, even tensor meson(s) in the final states by employing the perturbative QCD (pQCD) factorization approach. We will present a general analysis about the two-body hadronic decays of the heavy $B_c$ meson and also provide some expectations for the future developments.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables; Some references are updated. Final version being published in Chinese Science Bulletin
Thrinacodus edax Thomas 1916
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae
Thrinacodus
Thrinacodus edax

description: Thrinacodus edax Thomas, 1916. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 18:299. TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Merida, Sierra de Merida. DISTRIBUTION: W. Venezuela and adjacent N. Colombia. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410029014003001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 591, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Automated data reduction workflows for astronomy
Creators: name: Freudling, W.
name: Romaniello, M.
name: Bramich, D. M.
name: Ballester, P.
name: Forchi, V.
name: Garcia-Dablo, C. E.
name: Moehler, S.
name: Neeser, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from complex modern astronomical instruments often consist of a large number of different science and calibration files, and their reduction requires a variety of software tools. The execution chain of the tools represents a complex workflow that needs to be tuned and supervised, often by individual researchers that are not necessarily experts for any specific instrument. The efficiency of data reduction can be improved by using automatic workflows to organise data and execute the sequence of data reduction steps. To realize such efficiency gains, we designed a system that allows intuitive representation, execution and modification of the data reduction workflow, and has facilities for inspection and interaction with the data. The European Southern Observatory (ESO) has developed Reflex, an environment to automate data reduction workflows. Reflex is implemented as a package of customized components for the Kepler workflow engine. Kepler provides the graphical user interface to create an executable flowchart-like representation of the data reduction process. Key features of Reflex are a rule-based data organiser, infrastructure to re-use results, thorough book-keeping, data progeny tracking, interactive user interfaces, and a novel concept to exploit information created during data organisation for the workflow execution. Reflex includes novel concepts to increase the efficiency of astronomical data processing. While Reflex is a specific implementation of astronomical scientific workflows within the Kepler workflow engine, the overall design choices and methods can also be applied to other environments for running automated science workflows.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Euclidean wormholes in two-dimensional CFTs from quantum chaos and number theory
Creators: name: Haehl, Felix M.
name: Reeves, Wyatt
name: Rozali, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs), which exhibit a hallmark feature of quantum chaos: universal repulsion of energy levels as described by a regime of linear growth of the spectral form factor. This physical input together with modular invariance strongly constrains the spectral correlations and the subleading corrections to the linear growth. We show that these are determined by the Kuznetsov trace formula, which highlights an intricate interplay of universal physical properties of chaotic CFTs and analytic number theory. The trace formula manifests the fact that the simplest possible CFT correlations consistent with quantum chaos are precisely those described by a Euclidean wormhole in AdS${}_3$ gravity with [torus]$\times$[interval] topology. For contrast, we also discuss examples of non-chaotic CFTs in this language.
description: 9 pages
Levels of Office Blood Pressure and Their Operating Characteristics for Detecting Masked Hypertension Based on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Creators: name: Viera, Anthony J.
name: Lin, Feng-Chang
name: Tuttle, Laura A.
name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Diaz, Keith
name: Olsson, Emily
name: Stankevitz, Kristin
name: Hinderliter, Alan L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Hypertension--Diagnosis
Medical screening
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Medical sciences
Epidemiology
Public health

description: BACKGROUND Masked hypertension (MH)—nonelevated office blood pressure (BP) with elevated out-of-office BP average—conveys cardiovascular risk similar to or approaching sustained hypertension, making its detection of potential clinical importance. However, it may not be feasible or cost-effective to perform ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) on all patients with a nonelevated office BP. There likely exists a level of office BP below which ABPM is not warranted because the probability of MH is low.

METHODS We analyzed data from 294 adults aged ≥30 years not on BP-lowering medication with office BP <140/90mm Hg, all of whom underwent 24-hour ABPM. We calculated sensitivity, false-positive rate, and likelihood ratios (LRs) for the range of office BP cutoffs from 110 to 138mm Hg systolic and from 68 to 88mm Hg diastolic for detecting MH.

RESULTS The systolic BP cutoff with the highest +LR for detecting MH (1.8) was 120mm Hg, and the diastolic cutoff with the highest +LR (2.4) was 82mm Hg. However, the systolic level of 120mm Hg had a false-positive rate of 42%, and the diastolic level of 82mm Hg had a sensitivity of only 39%.

CONCLUSIONS The cutoff of office BP with the best overall operating characteristics for diagnosing MH is approximately 120/82mm Hg. However, this cutoff may have an unacceptably high false-positive rate. Clinical risk tools to identify patients with nonelevated office BP for whom ABPM should be considered will likely need to include factors in addition to office BP.
Impact of $Z^{\prime}$ and UED parameters on different asymmetries in $B_{s} \to ϕ\ell^{+} \ell^{-}$ decays
Creators: name: Ahmed, Ishtiaq
name: Aslam, M. Jamil
name: Paracha, M. Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comprehensive study of the impact of new-physics on different observables for $B_{s}\to ϕ\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ has been done. We examine the new physics models such as $Z^{\prime}$ and UED models, where the effects of new physics coming through the modification of Wilson coefficients. We have analyzed these effects through the theoretical prediction of the branching ratio, the forward-backward asymmetry, lepton polarization asymmetries and the helicity fractions of the final state meson. These all observables will definitely be measured in present and future colliders with great precision. We also pointed out that hadronic uncertainties in various physical observables are small which make them an ideal probe to establish new physics. Therefore, the measurements of these observables for the same decay would permit the detection of physics beyond the Standard Model and will also help us to distinguish between different new physics scenarios.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures
Additional file 1 of Analysis of patients’ request to switch from a generic drug to the original drug in external prescriptions
Creators: name: Hamada, Yuhei
name: Uchida, Masashi
name: Arai, Sayaka
name: Yamazaki, Kaori
name: Takeda, Mariko
name: Arai, Kenichi
name: Nakamura, Takako
name: Suzuki, Takaaki
name: Ishii, Itsuko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Original drugs switched to generic drugs
Changing Times: The APA at Fifty
Creators: name: Strauss, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Administrative law
subject: Judicial process
subject: Law--Interpretation and construction
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Essay will explore the durability of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), in terms of its judicial history. It will focus, in particular, on the Supreme Court's treatment of the APA as embodying statutory resolutions of procedural issues the courts might otherwise have to resolve unguided. Against the backdrop of change briefly sketched above, one could think it astounding that the APA's procedural specifications, universals across government, have survived almost unaltered. This statute, like our four-times-older Constitution, thus raises a general question about interpretation in a particularly powerful form: To what extent has this 1946 statute been read to embody a frozen ("static") set of instructions about procedure, modifiable only by congressional action? And to what extent have courts interpreting it grounded their readings in current necessities, or in intervening developments that seem to have been generally accepted by the concerned communities? For a statute of such duration and generality, as for a constitution, flexible interpretation responsive to changing circumstances may be the very essence. And, as for a constitution, one might also expect such a practice to raise significant issues of legitimacy. The story is also one of lawyers' conventions--of what, reading the traces of their arguments, one can understand to have been the legal community's expectations about how a statute of this character should be understood.
Analytical Alignment Tolerances for Off-Plane Reflection Grating Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Allured, Ryan
name: McEntaffer, Randall L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future NASA X-ray Observatories will shed light on a variety of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. Off-plane reflection gratings can be used to provide high throughput and spectral resolution in the 0.3--1.5 keV band, allowing for unprecedented diagnostics of energetic astrophysical processes. A grating spectrometer consists of multiple aligned gratings intersecting the converging beam of a Wolter-I telescope. Each grating will be aligned such that the diffracted spectra overlap at the focal plane. Misalignments will degrade both spectral resolution and effective area. In this paper we present an analytical formulation of alignment tolerances that define grating orientations in all six degrees of freedom. We verify our analytical results with raytrace simulations to fully explore the alignment parameter space. We also investigate the effect of misalignments on diffraction efficiency.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, Submitted to Experimental Astronomy
How to make giant planets via pebble accretion
Creators: name: Savvidou, Sofia
name: Bitsch, Bertram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planet formation is directly linked to the birthing environment that protoplanetary disks provide. The disk properties determine whether a giant planet will form and how it evolves. The number of exoplanet and disk observations is consistently rising, however, it is not yet possible to directly link these two populations. Therefore, a deep theoretical understanding of how planets form is crucial. We performed numerical simulations of planet formation via pebble and gas accretion, while including migration, in a viscously evolving protoplanetary disk, with dust growing, drifting, and evaporating at the ice lines. In our investigation of the most favorable conditions for giant planet formation, we find that these are high disk masses, early formation, and a large enough disk to host a long-lasting pebble flux. However, small disks with the same mass allow more efficient gas accretion onto planetary cores, leading to more massive gas giants. Given the right conditions, high viscosity leads to more massive cores and it enhances gas accretion. It also causes faster type II migration rates, so the giants have a decreasing final position for increasing viscosity. Intermediate dust fragmentation velocities provide the necessary pebble sizes and radial drift velocities for maximized pebble accretion and pebble flux. An enhanced dust-to-gas ratio can compensate for lower disk masses, but early formation is still crucial. We conclude that there is no specific initial parameter that leads to giant planet formation; rather, it is the outcome of a combination of complementary factors. This also implies that the diversity of the exoplanet systems is the product of the intrinsic diversity of the protoplanetary disks and it is crucial to take advantage of the increasing number and quality of observations to constrain the disk population properties and ultimately devise planet formation theories.
description: Accepted by A&A, 15 pages, 6 figures
Energy-Constrained Programmable Matter Under Unfair Adversaries
Creators: name: Weber, Jamison W.
name: Chhabra, Tishya
name: Richa, Andréa W.
name: Daymude, Joshua J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Individual modules of programmable matter participate in their system's collective behavior by expending energy to perform actions. However, not all modules may have access to the external energy source powering the system, necessitating a local and distributed strategy for supplying energy to modules. In this work, we present a general energy distribution framework for the canonical amoebot model of programmable matter that transforms energy-agnostic algorithms into energy-constrained ones with equivalent behavior and an $\mathcal{O}(n^2)$-round runtime overhead -- even under an unfair adversary -- provided the original algorithms satisfy certain conventions. We then prove that existing amoebot algorithms for leader election (ICDCN 2023) and shape formation (Distributed Computing, 2023) are compatible with this framework and show simulations of their energy-constrained counterparts, demonstrating how other unfair algorithms can be generalized to the energy-constrained setting with relatively little effort. Finally, we show that our energy distribution framework can be composed with the concurrency control framework for amoebot algorithms (Distributed Computing, 2023), allowing algorithm designers to focus on the simpler energy-agnostic, sequential setting but gain the general applicability of energy-constrained, asynchronous correctness.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. To appear in the proceedings of OPODIS 2023
Additional file 1 of Demethylation alters transcriptome profiling of buds and leaves in ‘Kyoho’ grape
Creators: name: Haoran Jia
name: Zibo Zhang
name: Sadeghnezhad, Ehsan
name: Qianqian Pang
name: Shangyun Li
name: Pervaiz, Tariq
name: Ziwen Su
name: Tianyu Dong
name: Jinggui Fang
name: Haifeng Jia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Cluster analysis of DEGs using heat map in leaves and buds of ‘Kyoho’ grape after 5-azaC exposure. Genes or samples with similar expression patterns are clustered together. Red and blue represent the highest and lowest level of expression. 5AL; 5-azaC treated leaves, LCK; leaves control, 5AB; 5-azaC treated buds, BCK, buds control. Fig. S2. GO enrichment analysis of the specific and non-specific DEGs in leaves and buds of ‘Kyoho’ grape after 5-azaC exposure. (A) Non-specific DEGs, (B) Specific genes in leaves, and (C) buds. GO is divided into three major functional categories: molecular function (yellow), cellular component (blue), and biological process (red). The vertical axis represents the number of enriched DEGs (padj
Universal electric-field-driven resistive transition in narrow-gap Mott insulators
Creators: name: Stoliar, Pablo
name: Cario, Laurent
name: Janod, Etienne
name: Corraze, Benoit
name: Guillot-Deudon, Catherine
name: Salmon-Bourmand, Sabrina
name: Guiot, Vincent
name: Tranchant, Julien
name: Rozenberg, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of today's most exciting research frontier and challenge in condensed matter physics is known as Mottronics, whose goal is to incorporate strong correlation effects into the realm of electronics. In fact, taming the Mott insulator-to-metal transition (IMT), which is driven by strong electronic correlation effects, holds the promise of a commutation speed set by a quantum transition, and with negligible power dissipation. In this context, one possible route to control the Mott transition is to electrostatically dope the systems using strong dielectrics, in FET-like devices. Another possibility is through resistive switching, that is, to induce the insulator-to-metal transition by strong electric pulsing. This action brings the correlated system far from equilibrium, rendering the exact treatment of the problem a difficult challenge. Here, we show that existing theoretical predictions of the off-equilibrium manybody problem err by orders of magnitudes, when compared to experiments that we performed on three prototypical narrow gap Mott systems V2-xCrxO3, NiS2-xSex and GaTa4Se8, and which also demonstrate a striking universality of this Mott resistive transition (MRT). We then introduce and numerically study a model based on key theoretically known physical features of the Mott phenomenon in the Hubbard model. We find that our model predictions are in very good agreement with the observed universal MRT and with a non-trivial timedelay electric pulsing experiment, which we also report. Our study demonstrates that the MRT can be associated to a dynamically directed avalanche.
title: Die Pflicht, up-to-date zu sein. Adressierungen (werdender) Eltern durch Schwangerschafts- und Erziehungsapps
Creators: name: Sänger, Eva
name: Langer, Antje
name: Carstensen, Tanja
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Apps
subject: Digitalisierung
subject: Elternschaft
subject: Mutterrolle
subject: Schwangerschaft
subject: Selbstvermessung
subject: ddc:300

description: Software-Apps sind inzwischen zentraler Bestandteil des alltäglichen Lebens. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser umfassenden Digitalisierung des Sozialen fragt der Beitrag danach, welche Selbstverhältnisse und generationalen Beziehungen durch Erziehungs- und Schwangerschaftsapps konstruiert und adressiert werden, welche normierenden Effekte diese Apps haben und welche Themen ausgeklammert werden. Der Beitrag beruht auf einer qualitativen Analyse von 55 Inhaltsbeschreibungen von Schwangerschafts- und Erziehungsapps aus App-Stores. Wir zeigen, dass neben hetero- und geschlechternormativen Adressierungen Schwangere und Eltern als vorausschauende Subjekte adressiert werden, die im Sinne einer antizipatorischen Risikologik insbesondere mit einem Regime des Upto- Date- bzw. Alert-sein-Müssens und einer ‚Pflicht zum Wissen‘ konfrontiert sind. Der Handlungsdruck, der auf diese Weise erzeugt wird, geht zugleich mit dem Versprechen einher, diese Aufgaben an die App abgeben zu können.
Fast orbital decays of black hole X-ray binaries: XTE J1118+480 and A0620--00
Creators: name: Hernández, J. I. González
name: Rebolo, R.
name: Casares, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new 10.4m-GTC/OSIRIS spectroscopic observations of the black hole X-ray binary \mbox{XTE J1118+480} that confirm the orbital period decay at $\dot P=-1.90\pm0.57$ ms yr$^{-1}$. This corresponds to a period change of $-0.88\pm0.27$ $μ$s per orbital cycle. We have also collected observations of the black hole X-ray binary A0620--00 to derive an orbital period derivative of $\dot P=-0.60\pm0.08$ ms yr$^{-1}$ ($-0.53\pm0.07$ $μ$s/cycle). Angular momentum losses due to gravitational radiation are unable to explain these large orbital decays in these two short-period black hole binaries. The orbital period decay measured in A0620--00 is very marginally consistent with the predictions of conventional models including magnetic braking, although significant mass loss ($\dot M_{\rm BH} / \dot M_2 \le 20\%$) from the system is required. The fast spiral-in of the star in XTE J1118+480, however, does not fit any standard model and may be driven by magnetic braking under extremely high magnetic fields and/or may require an unknown process or non-standard theories of gravity. This result may suggest an evolutionary sequence in which the orbital period decay begins to speed up as the orbital period decreases. This scenario may have an impact on the evolution and lifetime of black hole X-ray binaries.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS letters
Assessing the Generalization Gap of Learning-Based Speech Enhancement Systems in Noisy and Reverberant Environments
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Philippe
name: Alstrøm, Tommy Sonne
name: May, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The acoustic variability of noisy and reverberant speech mixtures is influenced by multiple factors, such as the spectro-temporal characteristics of the target speaker and the interfering noise, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the room characteristics. This large variability poses a major challenge for learning-based speech enhancement systems, since a mismatch between the training and testing conditions can substantially reduce the performance of the system. Generalization to unseen conditions is typically assessed by testing the system with a new speech, noise or binaural room impulse response (BRIR) database different from the one used during training. However, the difficulty of the speech enhancement task can change across databases, which can substantially influence the results. The present study introduces a generalization assessment framework that uses a reference model trained on the test condition, such that it can be used as a proxy for the difficulty of the test condition. This allows to disentangle the effect of the change in task difficulty from the effect of dealing with new data, and thus to define a new measure of generalization performance termed the generalization gap. The procedure is repeated in a cross-validation fashion by cycling through multiple speech, noise, and BRIR databases to accurately estimate the generalization gap. The proposed framework is applied to evaluate the generalization potential of a feedforward neural network (FFNN), Conv-TasNet, DCCRN and MANNER. We find that for all models, the performance degrades the most in speech mismatches, while good noise and room generalization can be achieved by training on multiple databases. Moreover, while recent models show higher performance in matched conditions, their performance substantially decreases in mismatched conditions and can become inferior to that of the FFNN-based system.
description: Accepted to IEEE/ACM TASLP
Modelling the interaction of Alfvénic fluctuations with coronal mass ejections in the low solar corona
Creators: name: Sishtla, Chaitanya Prasad
name: Pomoell, Jens
name: Vainio, Rami
name: Kilpua, Emilia
name: Good, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alfvénic fluctuations of various scales are ubiquitous in the corona; their non-linear interactions and eventual turbulent cascade result in an important heating mechanism that accelerates the solar wind. These fluctuations may be processed by large-scale, transient, and coherent heliospheric structures such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In this study we investigate the interactions between Alfvénic solar wind fluctuations and CMEs using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. We study the transmission of upstream solar wind fluctuations into the CME leading to the formation of CME sheath fluctuations. Additionally, we investigate the influence of the fluctuation frequencies on the extent of the CME sheath. We used an ideal MHD model with an adiabatic equation of state. An Alfvén pump wave is injected into the quiet solar wind by perturbing the transverse magnetic field and velocity components, and a CME is injected by inserting a flux-rope modelled as a magnetic island into the quasi-steady solar wind. The upstream Alfvén waves experience a decrease in wavelength and change in the wave vector direction due to the non-radial topology of the CME shock front. The CME sheath inhibits the transmission of long-wavelength fluctuations due to the presence of non-radial flows in this region. The frequency of the solar wind fluctuations also affects the steepening of MHD fast waves causing the CME shock propagation speed to vary with the solar wind fluctuation frequencies.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
A trio of month long flares in the nova-like variable V704 And
Creators: name: Zsidi, Gabriella
name: Nixon, C. J.
name: Naylor, T.
name: Pringle, J. E.
name: Page, K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of an unusual set of flares in the nova-like variable V704 And. Using data from AAVSO, ASAS-SN, and ZTF, of the nova-like variable V704 And, we have discovered a trio of brightening events that occurred during the high state. These events elevate the optical brightness of the source from $\sim13.5$ magnitude to $\sim12.5$ magnitude. The events last for roughly a month, and exhibit the unusual shape of a slow rise and faster decay. Just after the third event we obtained data from regular monitoring with Swift, although by this time the flares had ceased and the source returned to its pre-flare level of activity in the high-state. The Swift observations confirm that during the high-state the source is detectable in the X-rays, and provide simultaneous UV and optical fluxes. As the source is already in the high-state prior to the flares, and thus the disc is expected to already be in the high-viscosity state, we conclude that the driver of the variations must be changes in the mass transfer rate from the companion star and we discuss possible mechanisms for such short-timescale mass transfer variations to occur.
description: 5 pages + appendix. Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Additional file 1 of Derivation and internal validation of a multi-biomarker-based cardiovascular disease risk prediction score for rheumatoid arthritis patients
Creators: name: Curtis, Jeffrey R.
name: Fenglong Xie
name: Crowson, Cynthia S.
name: Sasso, Eric H.
name: Hitraya, Elena
name: Chin, Cheryl L.
name: Bamford, Richard D.
name: Ben-Shachar, Rotem
name: Gutin, Alexander
name: Darl D. Flake
name: Mabey, Brent
name: Lanchbury, Jerry S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Goodness of fit in patient subgroups (validation dataset, total N=10,275). Supplemental Table 1. Cohort Derivation. Supplemental Table 2. A, Diagnostic codes for candidate variables used to build the MBDA-based CVD risk score and B, Frequencies of CVD-related conditions comprising the History of CVD variable. Supplemental Table 3. Reclassification of patients based on CVD risk predicted by the MBDA-based CVD risk score versus: A, the Age + Sex + CRP model and B, the Clinical model. Supplemental Text. Conversion of the MBDA-based CVD risk score into 3-year percentage risk of a CVD event.
On Resegregating the Worlds of Statute and Common Law
Creators: name: Strauss, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Common law
subject: Law--Interpretation and construction
subject: Judicial process
subject: Legislative power
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The focus of this article is the issue of integrating statutory and other law. A substantial number of statutory cases decided during October Term 1993 offered the Court a choice between treating statutes as static, isolated instructions from higher authority, and regarding them as part of a "unified system of judge-made and statute law." It tended to make the former choice, one that segregates statutes from the common law. The argument here is that, in the process, it diminishes both statute and common law, both legislature and court. Integrating statutes and common law has the opposite effect. Legislative influence and statutes are extended when statutory policy becomes the basis for analogical reasoning to decide cases that have not been provided for. The judicial function is also augmented if the world in which judges act to promote coherence includes statutory as well as judge-made law. Thus, to include statutes implies that judges may shape their readings within the possibilities offered by the text, over time, as changing general law and the social circumstances to which it responds may suggest.
Oobleck: Resilient Distributed Training of Large Models Using Pipeline Templates
Creators: name: Jang, Insu
name: Yang, Zhenning
name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Jin, Xin
name: Chowdhury, Mosharaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Oobleck enables resilient distributed training of large DNN models with guaranteed fault tolerance. It takes a planning-execution co-design approach, where it first generates a set of heterogeneous pipeline templates and instantiates at least $f+1$ logically equivalent pipeline replicas to tolerate any $f$ simultaneous failures. During execution, it relies on already-replicated model states across the replicas to provide fast recovery. Oobleck provably guarantees that some combination of the initially created pipeline templates can be used to cover all available resources after $f$ or fewer simultaneous failures, thereby avoiding resource idling at all times. Evaluation on large DNN models with billions of parameters shows that Oobleck provides consistently high throughput, and it outperforms state-of-the-art fault tolerance solutions like Bamboo and Varuna by up to $29.6x$.
description: SOSP'23 | Camera-ready + figures and numbers are corrected
Equivalence Principle in Cosmology
Creators: name: Kopeikin, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the Einstein equivalence principle (EEP) for a Hubble observer in Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker spacetime. We show that the affine structure of light cone in the FLRW spacetime should be treated locally in terms of the optical metric which is not reduced to the Minkowski metric due to the non-uniform parametrization of the local equations of light propagation with the proper time of the observer's clock. The physical consequence of this difference is that the Doppler shift of radio waves measured locally, is affected by the Hubble expansion.
description: 4 pages, no figures. Presented at the Sixth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, June 17-21, 2013