The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study, Volume 2: Prehistoric Rural Settlements in the Tonto Basin, Part 2
Creators: name: Molina, Maria
Publisher: name: SRI Press
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Mazatzal Mountains
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subject: Sierra Ancha
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subject: Salt River
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subject: Theodore Roosevelt Dam
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subject: Roosevelt Lake
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subject: Hohokam pre-Classic period
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subject: Archaic
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subject: Hohokam Classic period
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subject: Sacaton Phase
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subject: Roosevelt Phase
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subject: Gila Phase
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subject: Hohokam
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subject: Salado
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subject: AZ U:8:224(ASM)
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subject: AR-03-12-06-1464(USFS)
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subject: AR-03-12-06-835(USFS)
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subject: AR-03-12-06-838(USFS)
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subject: AR-03-12-06-1590(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8010/ar-03-12-06-1590usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1592(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8011/ar-03-12-06-1592usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-182(USFS)
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subject: AR-03-12-06-318(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8013/ar-03-12-06-318usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1551(USFS)
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subject: AR-03-12-06-1554(USFS)
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subject: AR-03-12-06-1558(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8016/ar-03-12-06-1558usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-918(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8017/ar-03-12-06-918usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-942(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8018/ar-03-12-06-942usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1560(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8019/ar-03-12-06-1560usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1561(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8020/ar-03-12-06-1561usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1562(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8021/ar-03-12-06-1562usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1568(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8022/ar-03-12-06-1568usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1574(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8023/ar-03-12-06-1574usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1576(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8024/ar-03-12-06-1576usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1578(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8025/ar-03-12-06-1578usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1579(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8026/ar-03-12-06-1579usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1580(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8027/ar-03-12-06-1580usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-457(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8028/ar-03-12-06-457usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1584(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8029/ar-03-12-06-1584usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-111(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8030/ar-03-12-06-111usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-742(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8031/ar-03-12-06-742usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-959(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8032/ar-03-12-06-959usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-971(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8033/ar-03-12-06-971usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-1171(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8034/ar-03-12-06-1171usfs
subject: AR-03-12-06-972(USFS)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8035/ar-03-12-06-972usfs
subject: Bald Eagle Hill
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8037/bald-eagle-hill
subject: Marina Hill
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8039/marina-hill
subject: Porter Springs Marina
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8040/porter-springs-marina
subject: Vineyard Point
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8042/vineyard-point
subject: Riser Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3819/riser-site
subject: Grapevine Springs
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18539/grapevine-springs
subject: AZ U:8:178(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:12(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18573/az-u812asm
subject: AZ U:8:181(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18574/az-u8181asm
subject: AZ U:8:185(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:187(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:190(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18577/az-u8190asm
subject: AZ U:8:192(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:194(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:195(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18580/az-u8195asm
subject: AZ U:8:196(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18581/az-u8196asm
subject: AZ U:8:202(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18582/az-u8202asm
subject: AZ U:8:211(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18583/az-u8211asm
subject: AZ U:8:213(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:215(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18585/az-u8215asm
subject: AZ U:8:219(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18586/az-u8219asm
subject: AZ U:8:221(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18587/az-u8221asm
subject: AZ U:8:223(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18588/az-u8223asm
subject: AZ U:8:225(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18589/az-u8225asm
subject: AZ U:8:229(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18590/az-u8229asm
subject: AZ U:8:233(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18591/az-u8233asm
subject: AZ U:8:234(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18592/az-u8234asm
subject: Grapevine Vista
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subject: AZ U:8:235(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18593/az-u8235asm
subject: AZ U:8:236(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18594/az-u8236asm
subject: AZ U:8:239(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:241(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:508(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18597/az-u8508asm
subject: AZ U:8:509(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18598/az-u8509asm
subject: AZ U:8:510(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18599/az-u8510asm
subject: AZ U:8:511(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:52(ASM)
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subject: AZ U:8:78(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/18602/az-u878asm
subject: Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/301/funerary-and-burial-structures-or-features
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Agricultural or Herding
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subject: Isolated Burial
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subject: Agricultural Field or Field Feature
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subject: Archaeological Feature
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subject: Field House
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subject: Artifact Scatter
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subject: Checkdam
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subject: Hearth
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subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
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subject: Midden
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subject: Settlements
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subject: Encampment
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subject: Hamlet / Village
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subject: Hunting / Trapping
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subject: Trash Midden
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subject: Domestic Structures
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subject: Hunting Blind
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subject: House
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subject: Pit
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subject: Quarry
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subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
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subject: Rock Alignment
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subject: Pollen
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subject: Shell
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subject: Ceramic
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subject: Chipped Stone
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subject: Fauna
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subject: Ground Stone
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subject: Human Remains
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subject: Macrobotanical
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subject: Settlement patterns
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subject: Agriculture
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/468/agriculture
subject: Rural Settlement
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subject: Tonto Basin Prehistory
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subject: Environment Research
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subject: Bioarchaeological Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/15/bioarchaeological-research
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study (RRSS) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Statistical Research, Inc., to conduct this study. The RRSS was a two-year mitigative data designed to study small habitation, agricultural, and resource processing sites, which are located away from the main centers of prehistoric habitation in the Tonto Basin, and to contribute to an ongoing synthetic study of Tonto Basin prehistory. The specific research focus of the RRSS in Reclamation's overall compliance program was the evolution of prehistoric rural land-use systems in the Tonto Basin. Twenty-nine prehistoric sites grouped into six study areas located in the bajada zone surrounding the lake on lands administered by the Tonto National Forest comprise the data base for this study. The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study Volume 2, the second of three volumes, presents the results of two phases of archaeological data recovery at the sites selected by Reclamation to provide the primary data base for this study. The original data base consisted of 29 prehistoric sites grouped in six study areas located in the bajada zone surrounding the lake, on lands administered by the Tonto National Forest. This number was reduced to 27 after 2 sites were deleted from further consideration following the first phase of data recovery. Many of these sites, however, contained multiple components representing either different ages or settlement classes. Eight farmsteads and small hamlets ranging in age from the Sacaton phase (around A.D. 1000–1150) to the Roosevelt phase (around A.D. 1250–1350) were intensively investigated. All represented short-term occupations of less than 100 years by groups of one to three households. The majority of the sites consisted of temporarily- or seasonally-occupied field houses dating to the Miami (A.D. 1150–1250), Roosevelt, and possibly Gila (A.D. 1350–1450) phases of the Classic period. In addition, three Classic period sites were associated with run-off control and water conservation technology. The two larger sites contained many rock piles, checkdams, and linear borders associated with roasting pits and mescal knives. The field houses and agricultural sites reveal that the bajada zone was utilized for corn and agave cultivation. Residence was small in scale, short-term, and primarily limited to the lower edge of the bajada overlooking the floodplain terraces. This land-use pattern was apparently initiated in the early Sedentary period and climaxed in the Roosevelt phase of the Classic period. Traces of an earlier Archaic and later Apache occupation was evidenced at several sites, although little could be determined in regard to the nature of land use during these periods. The chapters in this volume document the field excavations and present the results of the analyses of material culture and faunal and human remains. This volume concludes with an analysis of rural settlement classes that synthesizes the project data with those from previous studies of small Formative period sites in the region and a preliminary reconstruction of Formative period land-use patterns. The third and final volume presents the results of archaeobotanical, soil, and paleoclimatic analyses. These results are examined, along with those from Volume 2, in an interpretive framework derived from an examination of records pertaining to ethnographic, ethnohistoric, and historic land use in central Arizona.