cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exact, linear and nonlinear AVO modeling in poroelastic media
Creators: name: Kim, Steven
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: AVO

description: An exact, analytical solution for PP reflection amplitudes is derived for poroelastic media as a result of incorporating the poroelastic parameters of fluid (f), shear modulus (μ), and density (ρ) into the elastic Zoeppritz equations. This solution contains many terms which may be neglected to produce first (linear), second (nonlinear) and third (nonlinear) order approximations. These approximations are derived in terms of perturbations (a_f, a_μ, a_ρ) and reflectivities (Δf/f, Δμ/μ, Δρ/ρ). These results are expected to extend to dynamic poroelastic models of wave propagation and initial groundwork for this extension is reported. When modeling reflection amplitudes of media with small poroelastic contrasts (10%), the first order approximation yields 5% error for the zero offset reflection amplitude and much less than 1% error for the third order approximation. By changing the media properties to replicate large poroelastic contrasts (50%), the first order approximation produces 20% error for the zero offset reflection amplitude and less than 1% error for the third order approximation. Nonlinear corrective terms of order 2 and 3 are, therefore, relevant for poroelastic AVO analysis in geophysically realistic scenarios.
Additional file 4 of Differentiating migraine, cervicogenic headache and asymptomatic individuals based on physical examination findings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Anarte-Lazo, E.
name: Carvalho, G. F.
name: Schwarz, A.
name: Luedtke, K.
name: Falla, D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Quality assessment with QUADAS-II.
Light Emitting Diode Based Photochemical Treatment of Contaminants in Aqueous Phase
Creators: name: Yu, Linlong
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Civil
subject: Engineering--Environmental
subject: Light emitting diode
subject: photochemical treatment
subject: reactor design

description: In this research, photochemical treatment of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aqueous medium were investigated. The studies on photochemical treatment of these two groups of compounds, along with radiation field modelling, further, led to the design of an efficient light emitting diode (LED) based flow-through photocatalytic reactor. Sensitized photodechlorination of PCBs in surfactant solutions was studied. Three types of surfactants at different concentrations were investigated. The neutral and cationic surfactants were found to be more effective than the anionic one. In each case the surfactant concentration was found to play a significant role in the rate of dechlorination. LED based photocatalytic degradation of pesticides and chlorophenols, namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) , 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was studied. Further, the impact of photocatalyst loading and light intensity on the degradation rate was evaluated. The degradation of 2,4-D under LED irradiation was compared to that with mercury discharge lamp irradiation. The results show these compounds can be efficiently degraded using LED based TiO2 photocatalysis. They are completely mineralized upon prolonged irradiation. Our results indicate that LEDs are a better light source than the mercury lamps. To design an efficient LED based photocatalytic reactor, a radiation field model was developed in this research. The model was tested with experimental data and good agreement between two was noted. The model can be used to optimize the photoreactor and chose the optimal gap between adjacent LEDs, the irradiated distance and the light output of LEDs for a homogenous radiation field. Finally, an LED based photocatalytic reactor was designed and fabricated. The reactor uses anodized TiO2 nanostructure as a photocatalyst. The performance of reactor was evaluated and optimized by studying the degradation of 2,4-D. The effect of different operational parameters on the reactor performance were investigated, including light intensity, distance between the LED module and photocatalytic plate (DL-P), the flow rate through the reactor, presence of external electron scavengers and photocatalyst configuration. A power law relationship was observed between the light intensity (2.2 mW cm-2~17.3 mW cm-2) and the first order degradation rate constant for 2,4-D. A suitable flow rate and D(L-P) was determined for the reactor. Enhanced performance of the reactor was observed where electron scavengers were introduced.
On the small-x evolution of the color quadrupole and the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution
Creators: name: Dominguez, Fabio
name: Mueller, A. H.
name: Munier, Stéphane
name: Xiao, Bo-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color quadrupoles have been found to be important in the proper description of observables sensitive to the small-x regime in nuclei as well as in the operator definition of the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution. In this paper, we derive the small-x evolution equation of the quadrupole and the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution without taking large N_c limit and study the properties of the equation in both dilute and saturation regime. We find that the quadrupole evolution follows the BFKL evolution in the dilute regime and then saturates in the dense region due to nonlinear terms. This leads us to conclude that the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution should obey the same geometrical behavior as the dipole gluon distribution as found in the inclusive DIS measurement.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Robust and Reliable Stochastic Resource Allocation via Tail Waterfilling
Creators: name: Yaylali, Gokberk
name: Kalogerias, Dionysios S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stochastic allocation of resources in the context of wireless systems ultimately demands reactive decision making for meaningfully optimizing network-wide random utilities, while respecting certain resource constraints. Standard ergodic-optimal policies are however susceptible to the statistical variability of fading, often leading to systems which are severely unreliable and spectrally wasteful. On the flip side, minimax/outage-optimal policies are too pessimistic and often hard to determine. We propose a new risk-aware formulation of the resource allocation problem for standard multi-user point-to-point power-constrained communication with no cross-interference, by employing the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CV@R) as a measure of fading risk. A remarkable feature of this approach is that it is a convex generalization of the ergodic setting while inducing robustness and reliability in a fully tunable way, thus bridging the gap between the (naive) ergodic and (conservative) minimax approaches. We provide a closed-form expression for the CV@R-optimal policy given primal/dual variables, extending the classical stochastic waterfilling policy. We then develop a primal-dual tail-waterfilling scheme to recursively learn a globally optimal risk-aware policy. The effectiveness of the approach is verified via detailed simulations.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures. 2023 IEEE 24th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), Shanghai, China, 2023
Work in Progress: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Successful Vocational Experiences of People living with HIV in Canada
Creators: name: Oliver, Brent William
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: HIV
subject: Employment
subject: Vocational Rehabilitation

description: Income support and labour force participation are critical issues for people living with HIV in Canada (PHAs). The objectives of this study were to identify factors that support or deter labour force participation, and to develop a conceptual framework to describe the processes and structures that shape PHAs’ successful vocational experiences. Community-based research methods and a grounded theory framework were used to explore the perspectives of people living with HIV in Canada who have sustained successful participation in the labour force. Purposive and theoretical sampling was conducted in the provinces of Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 people living with HIV who were successfully engaged in the labour force for three months or more. Sampling was conducted concurrently with data analysis until saturation was achieved within key emergent thematic categories. The data were transcribed and analyzed using grounded theory coding methods and NVIVO computer software. Study findings identified six intersecting thematic categories that summarized participants’ experiences of working successfully. These have been conceptualized within a social ecological framework and include factors at the personal, work, community, and public policy level. These results contribute to an expanded contextual view of labour force participation for people living with HIV and highlight the importance of community and structural level factors including income support policy, access to medication, and vocational service provision. Results will be of interest to advocates, policy makers, and those working in community-based AIDS service organizations.
Quantum Discord and Quantum Computing - An Appraisal
Creators: name: Datta, Animesh
name: Shaji, Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss models of computing that are beyond classical. The primary motivation is to unearth the cause of nonclassical advantages in computation. Completeness results from computational complexity theory lead to the identification of very disparate problems, and offer a kaleidoscopic view into the realm of quantum enhancements in computation. Emphasis is placed on the `power of one qubit' model, and the boundary between quantum and classical correlations as delineated by quantum discord. A recent result by Eastin on the role of this boundary in the efficient classical simulation of quantum computation is discussed. Perceived drawbacks in the interpretation of quantum discord as a relevant certificate of quantum enhancements are addressed.
description: To be published in the Special Issue of the International Journal of Quantum Information on "Quantum Correlations: entanglement and beyond." 11 pages, 4 figures
Understanding Dynamic Interactions Between Angler Behaviour and Fish Populations in Spatially Structured Recreational Fisheries
Creators: name: Ward, Hillary
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Fisheries Ecology and Management

description: Recreational fisheries are characterized by complex interactions between the biological processes governing fish production, and the social processes influencing angler behavior. For the most part, social and ecological components of recreational fisheries are studied independently and the outcomes of the research are rarely integrated in developing management strategies. This thesis attempts to integrate social and ecological processes operating in spatially structured fisheries. In order to understand the dynamic interactions across many sampling units, I developed a method to estimate fish density and demonstrate that gillnet catchability varies as a function of lake-basin characteristics and water temperature. Using this information, I conducted an analysis of angler characteristics to determine how anglers interact with the fishery. The results suggest a diverse group of anglers that varied in their spatial behaviour, harvest behaviour and catchability. The impact of heterogeneity in angler characteristics on fish populations was further explored by examining mechanisms resulting in hyperstability. Angler characteristics had strong interactions with the fishery: anglers who fished at low density lakes were more experienced than anglers at high density lakes. This segregation of angler experience across lakes appeared to explain the observed hyperstability. In spatially structured fisheries, it is also important to understand how the tradeoffs between environmental productivity and competition influence somatic growth rates and plasticity in life-history traits. Using experimental populations of Rainbow Trout to empirically test predictions from life-history theory, immature growth rates were best explained by climatic and density dependent competition effects, and age at maturity and the proportion of surplus energy invested into reproduction are dependent on juvenile growth conditions. Finally, integrating social and ecological processes operating in spatially structured fisheries requires understanding how feedbacks between anglers, fish populations and fisheries managers influence system outcomes. Using a conceptual analysis, I demonstrate that understanding behavioural-mediated interactions and the scale at which these processes operate is critical for managing for the sustainability of recreational fisheries. Together, this research suggests a way to improve the management of spatially-structured fisheries by integrating the dynamic interaction between social and ecological processes.
Two-dimensional turbulence with local interactions: statistics of the condensate
Creators: name: Svirsky, Anton
name: Herbert, Corentin
name: Frishman, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional turbulence self-organizes through a process of energy accumulation at large scales, forming a coherent flow termed a condensate. We study the condensate in a model with local dynamics, the large-scale quasi-geostrophic equation, observed here for the first time. We obtain analytical results for the mean flow and the two-point, second-order correlation functions, and validate them numerically. The condensate state requires parity+time-reversal symmetry breaking. We demonstrate distinct universal mechanisms for the even and odd correlators under this symmetry. We find that the model locality is imprinted in the small scale dynamics, which the condensate spatially confines.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Using unstructured questions to enhance critical thinking in an asynchronous, online, introductory financial accounting course
Creators: name: Jensen, Machthilda (Tilly)
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Education--Business
subject: distance education
subject: Critical Thinking
subject: post-secondary
subject: Accounting

description: Stakeholders are concerned that accounting graduates cannot consistently demonstrate critical thinking (CT) skills. Assessments such as unstructured questions have been used successfully in both face-to-face and online senior courses in an effort to enhance CT skill development, but little is known about the impact of such interventions in online junior courses. This study invited students enrolled in an asynchronous, continuous-enrollment, online offering of an introductory accounting course to participate in a control and experimental group. An intervention aimed at enhancing a student’s CT skill development was introduced to students in the experimental group. The intervention engaged students in a web-based, active learning method that required them to respond to unstructured questions to which peers provided and assessed reciprocal feedback. Although peer assessments were not included as part of a student’s course grade, students received a maximum of 5% based on their rate of participation with the intervention. Two sources of data were collected: 1) survey responses from the experimental group regarding students’ experience with the intervention, and 2) differences in the midterm and final exam results between the control and experimental groups. An analysis of the survey data collected from the experimental participants indicated that their perception regarding the impact of the intervention on their learning was generally favourable despite concerns raised about the reciprocal feedback process. However, the validity of the respondents’ feedback was put into question because of the significant non-response rate. Based on an analysis of the midterm and final exam grades, the null hypothesis that no statistically significant difference existed between the midterm and final examination results of the control and experimental groups was accepted. This conclusion does not mean, however, that CT cannot be measured, nor does it mean that the intervention did not enhance CT skill development. It is more likely that the results from this study mean that grades were not a sufficient indicator of CT. This interpretation raises the question of what, then, would be an effective measure of CT? The results demonstrate that continued research is required to determine what strategy(s) might be effective in measuring CT.
Single-particle-exact density functional theory
Creators: name: Trappe, Martin-Isbjörn
name: Hue, Jun Hao
name: Chao, Jonah Huang Zi
name: Paraniak, Mikołaj
name: Hiller, Djamila
name: Ciosłowski, Jerzy
name: Englert, Berthold-Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce 'single-particle-exact density functional theory' (1pEx-DFT), a novel density functional approach that represents all single-particle contributions to the energy with exact functionals. Here, we parameterize interaction energy functionals by utilizing two new schemes for constructing density matrices from 'participation numbers' of the single-particle states of quantum many-body systems. These participation numbers play the role of the variational variables akin to the particle densities in standard orbital-free density functional theory. We minimize the total energies with the help of evolutionary algorithms and obtain ground-state energies that are typically accurate at the one-percent level for our proof-of-principle simulations that comprise interacting Fermi gases as well as the electronic structure of atoms and ions, with and without relativistic corrections. We thereby illustrate the ingredients and practical features of 1pEx-DFT and reveal its potential of becoming an accurate, scalable, and transferable technology for simulating mesoscopic quantum many-body systems.
description: 45 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
Sequential Detection with Mutual Information Stopping Cost
Creators: name: Krishnamurthy, Vikram
name: Bitmead, Robert
name: Gevers, Michel
name: Miehling, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper formulates and solves a sequential detection problem that involves the mutual information (stochastic observability) of a Gaussian process observed in noise with missing measurements. The main result is that the optimal decision is characterized by a monotone policy on the partially ordered set of positive definite covariance matrices. This monotone structure implies that numerically efficient algorithms can be designed to estimate and implement monotone parametrized decision policies.The sequential detection problem is motivated by applications in radar scheduling where the aim is to maintain the mutual information of all targets within a specified bound. We illustrate the problem formulation and performance of monotone parametrized policies via numerical examples in fly-by and persistent-surveillance applications involving a GMTI (Ground Moving Target Indicator) radar.
Additional file 5 of Differentiating migraine, cervicogenic headache and asymptomatic individuals based on physical examination findings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Anarte-Lazo, E.
name: Carvalho, G. F.
name: Schwarz, A.
name: Luedtke, K.
name: Falla, D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Outcomes not included in the meta-analysis comparing cervicogenic headache versus migraine.
Brillouin-zone definition in non-reciprocal Willis monatomic lattices
Creators: name: Ba'ba'a, Hasan B. Al
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brillouin-zone (BZ) definition in a class of non-reciprocal Willis monatomic lattices (WMLs) is analytically quantified. It is shown that BZ boundaries only shift in response to non-reciprocity in one-dimensional WMLs, implying a constant BZ width, with asymmetric dispersion diagrams exhibiting unequal wavenumber ranges for forward and backward going waves. An extension to square WMLs is briefly discussed, analogously demonstrating the emergence of shifted and irregularly shaped BZs, which maintain constant areas regardless of non-reciprocity strength.
Additional file 6 of Differentiating migraine, cervicogenic headache and asymptomatic individuals based on physical examination findings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Anarte-Lazo, E.
name: Carvalho, G. F.
name: Schwarz, A.
name: Luedtke, K.
name: Falla, D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Outcomes not included in the meta-analysis comparing migraine and asymptomatic individuals.
Nitrous oxide emissions, nutrient dynamics and nitrifier communities following fertilization of western hemlock, lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir forests
Creators: name: Khan, Amer Ijaz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: I explored effects of fertilization on soil N₂O fluxes and underlying soil nutrients using short-term (up to 7 mo.) simulated operational fertilization with urea-nitrogen or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients (a N + micronutrients mix) in lodgepole pine, western hemlock, and Douglas-fir forests in British Columbia. The effect on the structure of ammonia- oxidizing bacterial (AOB) communities in the three forest ecosystems was also studied using polymerase chain reaction coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Urea appeared to be rapidly mineralized to ammonium, and nitrification (relative to controls) was only observed in the lodgepole pine site and represented only 0.5% of added nitrogen. Across all sites and treatments, soils were as likely to consume as emit nitrous oxide, and among treatment replicates, rates were never significantly different from zero, with the exception of one efflux of 1.5 μg m-² hr-¹ on the warmest day in the study. I conclude from this pilot study that in acidic, unpolluted (with regard to nitrogen deposition) upland conifer forest soils in western Canada fertilized once or infrequently with urea or ammonium or a combination of nutrients, soil greenhouse-gas flux dynamics are generally not altered over the short-term, with soils remaining neutral with regards to flux of nitrous oxide.
Pagellus Valenciennes 1830
Creators: name: Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal
name: Amir, Shabir Ali
name: Masroor, Rafaqat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Sparidae
Pagellus

description: Genus Pagellus Valenciennes, 1830
 Pagellus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes. 1830: 169.
 Diagnosis. Body mainly pink. Head between eyes scaly, scales reaching to beyond the level of vertical eye diameter. Dorsal-fin spine 12. Six valid species, one in Pakistani waters.
description: Published as part of Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal, Amir, Shabir Ali & Masroor, Rafaqat, 2014, The sparid fishes of Pakistan, with new distribution records, pp. 71-100 in Zootaxa 3857 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/228181
Comparing theoretical predictions of radiation-free velocities of edge dislocations to molecular dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Blaschke, Daniel N.
name: Duong, Ta
name: Demkowicz, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transonic defect motion is of interest for high strain-rate plastic deformation as well as for crack propagation. Ever since Eshelby's 1949 prediction in the isotropic limit of a 'radiation-free' transonic velocity $v_\text{RF}=\sqrt{2}c_{\textrm{T}}$, where shock waves are absent, there has been speculation about the significance of radiation-free velocities for defect mobility. Here, we argue that they do not play any significant role in dislocation dynamics in metals, based on comparing theoretical predictions of radiation-free velocities for transonic edge dislocations with molecular dynamics simulations for two face-centered cubic (FCC) metals: Cu, which has no radiation-free states, and Ag, which does.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; v2+v3 expanded revision, v4 title changed
Revision of Solar Spicule Classification
Creators: name: Zhang, Y. Z.
name: Shibata, K.
name: Wang, J. X.
name: Mao, X. J.
name: Matsumoto, T.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Su, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar spicules are the fundamental magnetic structures in the chromosphere and considered to play a key role in channelling the chromosphere and corona. Recently, it was suggested by De Pontieu et al. that there were two types of spicules with very different dynamic properties, which were detected by space- time plot technique in the Ca ii H line (3968 A) wavelength from Hinode/SOT observations. 'Type I' spicule, with a 3-7 minute lifetime, undergoes a cycle of upward and downward motion; in contrast, 'Type II' spicule fades away within dozens of seconds, without descending phase. We are motivated by the fact that for a spicule with complicated 3D motion, the space-time plot, which is made through a slit on a fixed position, could not match the spicule behavior all the time and might lose its real life story. By revisiting the same data sets, we identify and trace 105 and 102 spicules in quiet sun (QS) and coronal hole (CH), respectively, and obtain their statistical dynamic properties. First, we have not found a single convincing example of 'Type II' spicules. Secondly, more than 60% of the identified spicules in each region show a complete cycle, i.e., majority spicules are 'Type I'. Thirdly, the lifetime of spicules in QS and CH are 148 s and 112 s, respectively, but there is no fundamental lifetime difference between the spicules in QS and CH reported earlier. Therefore, the suggestion of coronal heating by 'Type II' spicules should be taken with cautions. Subject headings: Sun: chromosphere Sun:transition region Sun:corona
description: accepted by ApJ
Syntrophic hydrocarbon metabolism under methanogenic conditions
Creators: name: Fowler, Susan Jane
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: methanogenesis
subject: toluene
subject: Metabolism
subject: anaerobic
subject: Syntrophy
subject: Metagenomics

description: Methanogenic metabolism of organic matter is a key process in both natural and engineered systems. Methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation is an important biogeochemical process in the deep subsurface, and subsurface hydrocarbon contamination is frequently remediated by methanogenic processes. Despite the importance of methanogenic processes in hydrocarbon-impacted systems, we currently have an incomplete understanding of the hydrocarbon activation and degradation pathways used by the syntrophic bacteria, the roles of the non-hydrocarbon degrading syntrophs, which are often present in high abundance, and the ways in which syntrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea establish and maintain relationships that allow them to coordinate their metabolism. By studying methanogenic hydrocarbon degrading enrichment cultures, we remove many complicating features of natural systems and can gain a basic understanding of the primary factors governing hydrocarbon metabolism under methanogenic conditions. In this dissertation, we describe several methanogenic hydrocarbon degrading enrichment cultures with a major focus on a toluene degrading methanogenic enrichment culture. Methanogenic hydrocarbon degrading communities consist of a diverse assemblage of Archaea and Bacteria dominated by members of the Methanomicrobia, Firmicutes, Deltaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Spirochaetes and other bacterial phyla in smaller proportions. Using stable isotope probing, key organisms involved in the degradation of toluene were identified, including Desulfosporosinus sp., which is associated with toluene activation as well as Syntrophus- like organisms and Desulfovibrio sp. Metabolite and metagenomic analysis indicate that fumarate addition is involved in toluene activation in this culture and results from this and other cultures suggest that fumarate addition is a key mechanism involved in the activation of alkanes, monoaromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons under methanogenic conditions. Comparative metagenomic analysis suggests that key functional features that distinguish methanogenic hydrocarbon degrading cultures include enrichment of archaeal and bacterial hydrogenases, as well as functions related to the regulation of redox conditions, energy conservation and methanogenesis. Hydrogen and/or formate transfer appears to play a major role in metabolite and electron transfer in these cultures. A better understanding of the processes involved in methanogenic hydrocarbon metabolism may provide us with the knowledge to develop new tools to monitor, control and harness these technologies to the benefit of ourselves and our environment.
Additional file 7 of Differentiating migraine, cervicogenic headache and asymptomatic individuals based on physical examination findings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Anarte-Lazo, E.
name: Carvalho, G. F.
name: Schwarz, A.
name: Luedtke, K.
name: Falla, D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7. Outcomes not included in the meta-analysis comparing cervicogenic headache versus asymptomatic individuals.
Electronic Structure Calculations using Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Innan, Nouhaila
name: Khan, Muhammad Al-Zafar
name: Bennai, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The computation of electronic structure properties at the quantum level is a crucial aspect of modern physics research. However, conventional methods can be computationally demanding for larger, more complex systems. To address this issue, we present a hybrid Classical-Quantum computational procedure that uses the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm. By mapping the quantum system to a set of qubits and utilising a quantum circuit to prepare the ground state wavefunction, our algorithm offers a streamlined process requiring fewer computational resources than classical methods. Our algorithm demonstrated similar accuracy in rigorous comparisons with conventional electronic structure methods, such as Density Functional Theory and Hartree-Fock Theory, on a range of molecules while utilising significantly fewer resources. These results indicate the potential of the algorithm to expedite the development of new materials and technologies. This work paves the way for overcoming the computational challenges of electronic structure calculations. It demonstrates the transformative impact of quantum computing on advancing our understanding of complex quantum systems.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables, 2 algorithms
Time delay between photoemission from the 2p and 2s subshells of Neon
Creators: name: Moore, L. R.
name: Lysaght, M. A.
name: Parker, J. S.
name: van der Hart, H. W.
name: Taylor, K. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The R-Matrix incorporating Time (RMT) method is a new method for solving the time-dependent Schroedinger equation for multi-electron atomic systems exposed to intense short-pulse laser light. We have employed the RMT method to investigate the time delay in the photoemission of an electron liberated from a 2p orbital in a neon atom with respect to one released from a 2s orbital following absorption of an attosecond XUV pulse. Time delays due to XUV pulses in the range 76-105 eV are presented. For an XUV pulse at the experimentally relevant 105.2 eV, we calculate the time delay to be 10.2 +/- 1.3 attoseconds, somewhat larger than estimated by other theoretical calculations, but still a factor two smaller than experiment. We repeated the calculation for a photon energy of 89.8 eV with a larger basis set capable of modelling correlated-electron dynamics within the neon atom and the residual Ne(+) ion. A time delay of 14.5 +/- 1.5 attoseconds was observed, compared to a 16.7 +/- 1.5 attosecond result using a single-configuration representation of the residual Ne(+) ion.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Fostering environmental citizenship through public deliberation: Investigating Canadian participant perspectives from the World Wide Views on Global Warming initiative
Creators: name: Medlock, Jennifer Elaine
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: public deliberation
subject: climate change
subject: public engagement
subject: environmental citizenship

description: Drawing on the deliberative turn in environmental governance, green political theorists have put forward public participation, particularly events involving dialogue and deliberation, as a way to foster “environmental citizenship”. They argue, for example, that through participation individuals acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to reflect on environmental problems; gain more appreciation for “nature” and humans’ interconnectedness with the natural world; become more attuned to the collective good over individual interests in coming up with policy solutions; and, become more motivated to take future action on environmental issues. However, very little empirical research has examined this contention in practice and it remains an open question as to whether and how deliberation fosters environmental citizenship, and in what forms. This thesis aims to close that gap through an empirical case study of the Canadian arm of a global public consultation process called “World Wide Views on Global Warming” (WWViews) that involved more than 4000 citizens across 38 countries. Positioning participatory initiatives as “experiments in citizenship” (Luque, 2005), it explores how Canadian participants understood themselves, and others, as environmental citizens, and how these perceptions shifted as a result of participating in WWViews. Through a set of 28 semi-structured interviews six to seven months post-WWViews and survey responses before and immediately after the event, the analysis identifies a range of environmental citizenships among participants, contingent on different notions of climate governance, the citizen’s expected relation to the state, and interpretations of the issue of climate change itself. Predominant within the analysis is the influence of dominant climate discourses, both within and beyond the consultation setting (e.g. the science-focused discourse prevalent at UN-level negotiations or the climate skeptic discourse seen in mass media coverage), on how participants understood themselves to be environmental citizens. In particular, ambivalence and/or scepticism over the nature of climate change was far-reaching among WWViews Canada participants, influencing how they perceived interactions with fellow participants, how they assessed the success of the consultation event itself, and what actions they deemed most appropriate for environmental citizens to take moving forward.
Visual and semantic interpretability of projections of high dimensional data for classification tasks
Creators: name: Icke, Ilknur
name: Rosenberg, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A number of visual quality measures have been introduced in visual analytics literature in order to automatically select the best views of high dimensional data from a large number of candidate data projections. These methods generally concentrate on the interpretability of the visualization and pay little attention to the interpretability of the projection axes. In this paper, we argue that interpretability of the visualizations and the feature transformation functions are both crucial for visual exploration of high dimensional labeled data. We present a two-part user study to examine these two related but orthogonal aspects of interpretability. We first study how humans judge the quality of 2D scatterplots of various datasets with varying number of classes and provide comparisons with ten automated measures, including a number of visual quality measures and related measures from various machine learning fields. We then investigate how the user perception on interpretability of mathematical expressions relate to various automated measures of complexity that can be used to characterize data projection functions. We conclude with a discussion of how automated measures of visual and semantic interpretability of data projections can be used together for exploratory analysis in classification tasks.
description: Longer version of the VAST 2011 poster. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2011.6102474
Discovering Compatible Environments for Dye Molecules: From the Spectroscopic Evaluation of Ionic Aggregates to the Enhancement of Singlet Oxygen
Creators: name: Mooi, Sara Michelle
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemistry--Physical
subject: Cyanine dye
subject: Aggregation
subject: Specific ion effects
subject: Singlet oxygen
subject: Organic and inorganic nanoparticles
subject: Metal enhancement effect
subject: Thiazole orange
subject: Supramolecular

description: The specific light absorbing capabilities of molecules has been taken advantage of numerous times in scientific literature, as interesting photophysical and photochemical phenomena can be easily recognized and characterized through optical spectroscopy. Consequently, small light absorbing molecules have shown to be valuable tools in the field of self-organization and aggregation as often these processes results in specific spectral signatures of these molecules. Cyanine dyes have been used predominantly in this regard as their photophysical properties are heavily influenced based on their environmental surroundings. This basic principle is the foundation for this work, where small cationic cyanine dyes are utilized to understand what drives the organization of molecules into aggregate structures. Herein, we present evidence that aggregation of multiple cyanine dyes can be encouraged by the addition of both simple and complex electrolytes, a phenomenon not fully investigated in the literature thus far. Specifically, the aggregation of cationic cyanine dyes seems to be a direct reflection of the molecular structure of the dye itself in addition to its ability to form a contact ion pair with a counter ion. The formation of a contact ion pair is pivotal in the aggregation process, and is a result of similarity between both the dye and the counter ion water affinity. Additionally, our work aimed at pushing the limits of soluble aggregates to form organic nanoparticles, which were found to maintain the redox ability of their ionic counterparts. From here we crossed into the field of metallic nanoparticles and where the light absorbing properties and subsequent photochemistry of a dye, Rose Bengal, was altered by covalently linking it to a core-shell nanoparticle. These experiments lead to the proof-of-principle that the singlet oxygen production of Rose Bengal could be enhanced in aqueous solution when in close proximity to a metal nanoparticle.
Numerical spectra of the Laplacian for line bundles on Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Ashmore, Anthony
name: He, Yang-Hui
name: Heyes, Elli
name: Ovrut, Burt A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give the first numerical calculation of the spectrum of the Laplacian acting on bundle-valued forms on a Calabi-Yau three-fold. Specifically, we show how to compute the approximate eigenvalues and eigenmodes of the Dolbeault Laplacian acting on bundle-valued $(p,q)$-forms on Kähler manifolds. We restrict our attention to line bundles over complex projective space and Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces therein. We give three examples. For two of these, $\mathbb{P}^3$ and a Calabi-Yau one-fold (a torus), we compare our numerics with exact results available in the literature and find complete agreement. For the third example, the Fermat quintic three-fold, there are no known analytic results, so our numerical calculations are the first of their kind. The resulting spectra pass a number of non-trivial checks that arise from Serre duality and the Hodge decomposition. The outputs of our algorithm include all the ingredients one needs to compute physical Yukawa couplings in string compactifications.
description: 52 pages, 6 figures; v2 - corrected typo in quintic equation
Three fluid cosmological model using Lie and Noether symmetries
Creators: name: Tsamparlis, Michael
name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a three fluid model in order to construct a cosmological model in the Friedmann Robertson Walker flat spacetime, which contains three types of matter dark energy, dark matter and a perfect fluid with a linear equation of state. Dark matter is described by dust and dark energy with a scalar field with potential V(ϕ). In order to fix the scalar field potential we demand Lie symmetry invariance of the field equations, which is a model-independent assumption. The requirement of an extra Lie symmetry selects the exponential scalar field potential. The further requirement that the analytic solution is invariant under the point transformation generated by the Lie symmetry eliminates dark matter and leads to a quintessence and a phantom cosmological model containing a perfect fluid and a scalar field. Next we assume that the Lagrangian of the system admits an extra Noether symmetry. This new assumption selects the scalar field potential to be exponential and forces the perfect fluid to be stiff. Furthermore the existence of the Noether integral allows for the integration of the dynamical equations. We find new analytic solutions to quintessence and phantom cosmologies which contain all three fluids. Using these solutions one is able to compute analytically all main cosmological functions, such as the scale factor, the scalar field, the Hubble expansion rate, the deceleration parameter etc.
description: accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Grav. (12 pages)
“Dear Humans,” Stories: An Examination of Unusual Narrative Voices in Postmodern Fiction
Creators: name: Adams, Hollie
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Literature--Modern
subject: Literature--English
subject: Creative Writing
subject: Narratology
subject: Postmodern Literature

description: “Dear Humans,” the creative portion of the dissertation, is a collection of eighteen discrete short stories that make use of a variety of narrative voices and strategies, both traditional and unusual. The stories present creative reactions to (and often rejections of) classical narratology as it was put forth by structuralist narratologists, such as Gerard Genette and Gerald Prince. Several of the stories were also inspired by the work of current narratologists in the postclassical subfield of unnatural narratology, including Jan Alber and Brian Richardson, who examine non-mimetic narrative strategies in experimental fiction. They argue that since fictional narrators are not bound by the physics and logic of the real world as we know it, they need not resemble human-like storytellers and thus should not be evaluated using mimetic-based classification systems. Thematically, the stories comment on the vulnerability, awkwardness, and paranoia of being human. Several stories project future worlds in which humans must cope with environmental crises, the effects of technology, and staggering unemployment rates. These futures seem hopelessly bleak: the animals in Banff National Park are now extinct, little girls wish for iPhones rather than ponies, graduate degrees are required for all entry-level positions, computers have become sentient. However, the characters continue finding beauty in the everyday, the absurd, the tragic. They try to become better humans. Above all, they ask to be loved. The critical afterword, “You, We, and Other Oddities: An Examination of Unusual Narrative Voices in Contemporary Fiction,” presents a brief history of narratology, introduces its taxonomy, and discusses its evolution from its classical to its postclassical phase. The afterword then summarizes the major tenets of unnatural narratology and puts that theory into practice in a discussion of contemporary “unnatural” fiction, concentrating on texts narrated in second person and first person plural perspectives. Unnatural narratology is then used to examine the stories in “Dear Humans,” suggesting the importance of distinguishing between non-mimetic narration and narration which is unusual for other reasons. Finally, I argue for the continued relevance of the field of narratology.