cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
What's in an `is about' link? Chemical diagrams and the Information Artifact Ontology
Creators: name: Hastings, Janna
name: Batchelor, Colin
name: Neuhaus, Fabian
name: Steinbeck, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Information Artifact Ontology is an ontology in the domain of information entities. Core to the definition of what it is to be an information entity is the claim that an information entity must be `about' something, which is encoded in an axiom expressing that all information entities are about some entity. This axiom comes into conflict with ontological realism, since many information entities seem to be about non-existing entities, such as hypothetical molecules. We discuss this problem in the context of diagrams of molecules, a kind of information entity pervasively used throughout computational chemistry. We then propose a solution that recognizes that information entities such as diagrams are expressions of diagrammatic languages. In so doing, we not only address the problem of classifying diagrams that seem to be about non-existing entities but also allow a more sophisticated categorisation of information entities.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, presented at the 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Ontology (ICBO) 2011
Aquatic Mixture Toxicity Tool and additional Information
Creators: name: Marcus, Hillebrand
name: Duquesne Sabine
name: Aagard Alf
name: Kraemer, Wolfgang
name: Hauge-Skarsjo Mathilde
name: Zorn Mathilde
name: Pedersen Signe
name: Trobej Manuela
name: Gassner-Schneckenleithner Christoph
name: Van Der Linden Inge,
name: Rubach Mascha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: mixture,
subject: toxicity
subject: plant protection product
subject: active substance
subject: scheme
subject: step
subject: http://browser.agrisemantics.org/gacs/en/page/C14469

description: This “AGD_AquaMix_v1.20” is the second version of the MixTox Tool (first version was from March 2021). It is for the calculation of Mixture Toxicity for the aquatic risk assessment of plant protection products containing a combination of active substances, as addressed in section 10.3 of the Guidance on tiered risk assessment for edge-of-field surface waters (EFSA Journal 2013;11(7):3290). It tool has been developed as an initiative of a few regulators from different member states. It is an Excel document composed of different worksheets: “Intro” and Overview” are for general information, “Input Tox” and “Input PEC” are for entering the input data, "Screening 1" and "Screening 2" are for simplified approaches as in section 10.3.7, "In-between Calc" for standard toxicity data, “Step 1” to “Step 10” follow the decision scheme for mixture toxicity risk assessment described in section 10.3.11. of the Aquatic Guidance Document (AGD), “Final conclusion” is for summarising the outcomes of the calculations and “in-between_calc” presents intermediate calculation steps. It is accompanied by a document so-called “FAQ_MixedTox_version2”, proposing approaches and recommendations on Frequently Asked Questions in the context of the aquatic Mixture Toxicity (e.g. metabolites, use of different FOCUS steps).
description: DE; Excel; Sabine.Duquesne@uba.de
Aquatic Mixture Toxicity Tool and additional Information
Creators: name: Marcus, Hillebrand
name: Duquesne Sabine
name: Aagard Alf
name: Kraemer, Wolfgang
name: Hauge-Skarsjo Mathilde
name: Zorn Mathilde
name: Pedersen Signe
name: Trobej Manuela
name: Gassner-Schneckenleithner Christoph
name: Van Der Linden Inge,
name: Rubach Mascha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mixture,
subject: toxicity
subject: plant protection product
subject: active substance
subject: scheme
subject: step
subject: http://browser.agrisemantics.org/gacs/en/page/C14469

description: This “AGD_AquaMix_v1.21” is a tool is for the calculation of Mixture Toxicity for the aquatic risk assessment of plant protection products containing a combination of active substances, as addressed in section 10.3 of the Guidance on tiered risk assessment for edge-of-field surface waters (EFSA Journal 2013;11(7):3290). It has been developed as an initiative of a few regulators from different member states. It is an Excel file composed of different worksheets: “Intro” and Overview” are for general information, “Input Tox” and “Input PEC” are for entering the input data, "Screening 1" and "Screening 2" are for simplified approaches as in section 10.3.7, "In-between Calc" for standard toxicity data, “Step 1” to “Step 10” follow the decision scheme for mixture toxicity risk assessment described in section 10.3.11. of the Aquatic Guidance Document (AGD), “Final conclusion” is for summarising the outcomes of the calculations and “in-between_calc” presents intermediate calculation steps. The “AGD_AquaMix_v1.21” is the same version of the MixTox Tool as the v1.20 uploaded on 20 Dec.2022, but corrected for one cell in the "Input Tox" worksheet. The first version (v1.15) was from March 2021. It is accompanied by a document so-called “FAQ_MixedTox_version2”, proposing approaches and recommendations on Frequently Asked Questions in the context of the aquatic Mixture Toxicity (e.g. metabolites, use of different FOCUS steps).
description: DE; Excel; Sabine.Duquesne@uba.de
Strategies for RNA Resonance Assignment by 13C/15N- and 1H-Detected Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Aguion, Philipp Innig
name: Marchanka, Alexander
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: assignment
subject: MAS
subject: resonances
subject: RNA
subject: solid-state NMR
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR (ssNMR) is an established tool that can be applied to non-soluble or non-crystalline biomolecules of any size or complexity. The ssNMR method advances rapidly due to technical improvements and the development of advanced isotope labeling schemes. While ssNMR has shown significant progress in structural studies of proteins, the number of RNA studies remains limited due to ssNMR methodology that is still underdeveloped. Resonance assignment is the most critical and limiting step in the structure determination protocol that defines the feasibility of NMR studies. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in RNA resonance assignment methods and approaches for secondary structure determination by ssNMR. We critically discuss advantages and limitations of conventional 13C- and 15N-detected experiments and novel 1H-detected methods, identify optimal regimes for RNA studies by ssNMR, and provide our view on future ssNMR studies of RNA in large RNP complexes.
Fixed Point Analysis Workflow for efficient Design of Convolutional Neural Networks in Hearing Aids
Creators: name: Klein, Simon Christian
name: Kantic, Jonas
name: Blume, Holger
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: audio signal processing
subject: convolutional neural networks
subject: hearing aids
subject: quantization
subject: speech enhancement
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Neural networks (NN) are a powerful tool to tackle complex problems in hearing aid research, but their use on hearing aid hardware is currently limited by memory and processing power. To enable the training with these constrains, a fixed point analysis and a memory friendly power of two quantization (replacing multiplications with shift operations) scheme has been implemented extending TensorFlow, a standard framework for training neural networks, and the Qkeras package [1, 2]. The implemented fixed point analysis detects quantization issues like overflows, underflows, precision problems and zero gradients. The analysis is done for each layer in every epoch for weights, biases and activations respectively. With this information the quantization can be optimized, e.g. by modifying the bit width, number of integer bits or the quantization scheme to a power of two quantization. To demonstrate the applicability of this method a case study has been conducted. Therefore a CNN has been trained to predict the Ideal Ratio Mask (IRM) for noise reduction in audio signals. The dataset consists of speech samples from the TIMIT dataset mixed with noise from the Urban Sound 8kand VAD-dataset at 0 dB SNR. The CNN was trained in floating point, fixed point and a power of two quantization. The CNN architecture consists of six convolutional layers followed by three dense layers. From initially 1.9 MB memory footprint for 468k float32 weights, the power of two quantized network is reduced to 236 kB, while the Short Term Objective Intelligibility (STOI) Improvement drops only from 0.074 to 0.067. Despite the quantization only a minimal drop in performance was observed, while saving up to 87.5 % of memory, thus being suited for employment in a hearing aid
Evaluation and Implementation of Biocompatible Methods for the Cross-linking of Plasma Proteins
Creators: name: Bode, Tom
name: Höltje, Kai
name: Leal-Marin, Sara
name: Müller, Marc
name: Glasmacher, Birgit
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: biocompatible crosslinking
subject: blood plasma
subject: cardiovascular implants
subject: EDC
subject: genipin
subject: glutaraldehyde
subject: proteins
subject: thrombin
subject: transglutaminase
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Autologous plasma proteins can be used to fabricate patient specific cardiovascular implants but need to be cross-linked to increase their mechanical strength and reduce water solubility. Glutaraldehyde is the state-of-The-Art solution but its reaction products have been shown to be cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory. In this work, it has been shown, that cross-linking of plasma proteins with biocompatible alternatives to glutaraldehyde is possible. This was achieved by identifying four candidate substances (thrombin, transglutaminase, genipin, EDC) from current literature and investigating their ability to cross-link porcine plasma proteins in vitro. The degree of crosslinking was examined using calorimetric (DSC) and spectroscopic (FTIR, Raman) methods, mapping the influence of cross-linking on the denaturation temperature and primary amino-group content of the proteins. It could be shown that thrombin, genipin and EDC are able to cross-link plasma proteins to a satisfactory degree and thus represent useful alternatives to glutaraldehyde. Transglutaminase, on the other hand, could not sufficiently cross-link the plasma proteins and was therefore ruled out as an alternative.
Innovationshemmnisse in KMU der Metropolregion Hamburg - Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung in ausgewählten Branchen
Creators: name: Herstatt, Cornelius
name: Buse, Stephan
name: Tiwari, Rajnish
name: Stockstrom, Christoph
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Innovation
subject: Innovationshemmnisse
subject: KMU, kleine und mittlere Unternehmen
subject: Metropolregion Hamburg
subject: Innovation, Barriers to Innovation, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, SME
subject: Klein- und Mittelbetrieb
subject: Innovationsprozess
subject: Vermarktung

description: Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, Hemmnisse im Innovationsprozess von KMU aus ausgewählten Branchen in der Metropolregion Hamburg zu ermitteln. Die übergeordnete Zielsetzung war, dass praxisgerechte KMU-spezifische Lösungsmaßnahmen ausgearbeitet werden, die den wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Metropolregion besonders Rechnung tragen. Die Befragung zeigte, dass KMU der untersuchten Industriezweige (Elektrotechnik, Fahrzeug- /Maschinenbau, Informationstechnologie / Neue Medien, Logistik, Maritime Wirtschaft und Medizintechnik) in Hamburg innovativ tätig sind und im Allgemeinen die überragende Bedeutung von Innovationen für ihren unternehmerischen Erfolg erkennen. Die Studie stellte eine Reihe von Innovationshemmnissen fest, die im Rahmen der Innovationsaktivitäten von KMU in allen Innovationsphasen (Konzeption, Entwicklung und Vermarktung) auftreten. Auf der Makroebene stellten sich Finanzierungsprobleme, Mangel an qualifizierten Fachkräften mit Berufserfahrung und die bürokratischen Hürden als größte Probleme heraus. Große Defizite im unternehmensinternen Umfeld wurden in den Bereichen Management der frühen Innovationsphasen, Projektmanagement, Kooperationen und Technologietransfer sowie im Bereich der Internationalisierung (F&E, Produktion und Vermarktung) festgestellt. Die hierbei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse weisen trotz der vergleichsweise geringen statistischen Basis der empirischen Erhebung eine hohe Signifikanz auf, da die Studienergebnisse von Clustermanagern der BWA, Verbandsvertretern (u.a. IHK, BDI, VDMA und hamburg@work) als auch von anderen vergleichbaren Studien bestätigt werden. Um das vorhandene Innovationspotenzial auszuschöpfen und die Innovationsfähigkeit von KMU zu entfalten, ist es notwendig, dass eine „Multikanalstrategie“ gefahren wird, indem: i) makroökonomische Rahmenbedingungen für KMU verbessert werden; ii) zwecks Vermittlung von fachspezifischem Methodenwissen kostengünstige Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten für Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter von KMU geschaffen werden; i) Initiativen (z.B. Medienberichte, Veranstaltungen, Auszeichnungen besonders erfolgreicher Internationalisierungsprojekte etc.) ergriffen werden, die mehr „Best-Practice“-Beispiele in die öffentliche Wahrnehmung bringen. Hierzu können Internetportale eingerichtet werden, die themenspezifische Informationen (z.B. über Auslandsmärkte, Kooperationspartner etc.) vermitteln.
From villain to anti-hero: the evolution of Jane Austen's unworthies
Creators: name: Donahoe, Patrick Joseph
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: PR 4037 D65 1973 Microfiche
subject: Austen, Jane, 1775-1817
subject: Villains in literature

description: Bibliography: p. 119-122.
description: Jane Austen's novels portray the movement of a heroine toward marriage. For Austen, marriage indicates the heroine's achievement of the individuality and social maturity prerequisite to a happy and productive adult life. In each of the novels, at some point before the heroine finally chooses or accepts her husband-to-be, she consciously rejects a male character, often another suitor, who has failed to manifest the characteristics of mind and manner which are demanded not only by the heroine, but also through implication, by the moral background of the novel. Chief among these male characters variously described as villains, rakes, triflers and flirts are John Willoughby in Sense and Sensibility, George Wickham in Pride and I>Pejudiae, Henry Crawford in Mansfield Park, and Frank Churchill in Emma. The role played by John Thorpe in Northange~ Abbey, and William Walter Elliot in Persuasion, is somewhat similar to that of the other "unworthy" male characters, but Thorpe and Elliot lack their significance and impact and are more incidental and episodic figures in terms of total relevance to their novels than even John Willoughby of Sense and Sensibility~who is the most stereotyped of the four unworthies. An examination of the central novels in chronological order reveals a definite change and development in the presentation of the "unworthy" male character. Although Willoughby, Wickham, Crawford and Churchill perform structural and thanatic functions which are roughly similar in their respective novel~, the consistency, the depth and the subtlety with which they are drawn become, more and more, an indication of Austen's increasing and maturing artistic ability. There is a striking change from a stereotyped presence of evil with characteristics of the scoundrel bordering on criminal to a man who, instead of showing the dignity and power expected of the gentleman he appears, is revealed to be simply trifling and flirtatious. The evolution from Willoughby to Churchill is one from wickedness to mere foolishness. This development is as much the evidence as it is the product of Austen's growing skill.
Aquatic Mixture Toxicity Tool and additional Information
Creators: name: Marcus, Hillebrand
name: Sabine, Duquesne
name: Aagard Alf
name: Kraemer, Wolfgang
name: Hauge-Skarsjo Mathilde
name: Zorn Mathilde
name: Pedersen Signe
name: Trobej Manuela
name: Gassner-Schneckenleithner Christoph
name: Van Der Linden Inge,
name: Rubach Mascha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mixture,
subject: toxicity
subject: plant protection product
subject: active substance
subject: scheme
subject: step
subject: http://browser.agrisemantics.org/gacs/en/page/C14469

description: This “AGD_AquaMix_v1.22” is a tool is for the calculation of Mixture Toxicity for the aquatic risk assessment of plant protection products containing a combination of active substances, as addressed in section 10.3 of the Guidance on tiered risk assessment for edge-of-field surface waters (EFSA Journal 2013;11(7):3290). It has been developed as an initiative of a few regulators from different member states. It is an Excel file composed of different worksheets: “Intro” and Overview” are for general information, “Input Tox” and “Input PEC” are for entering the input data, "Screening 1" and "Screening 2" are for simplified approaches as in section 10.3.7, "In-between Calc" for standard toxicity data, “Step 1” to “Step 10” follow the decision scheme for mixture toxicity risk assessment described in section 10.3.11. of the Aquatic Guidance Document (AGD), “Final conclusion” is for summarising the outcomes of the calculations and “in-between_calc” presents intermediate calculation steps. The AGD_AquaMix_v1.22 includes several bugfixes (in particular critical ones in the sheet Screening1) and is otherwise the same as the previous version v1.21 uploaded in January 2023. The “AGD_AquaMix_v1.21” was the same version of the MixTox Tool as the v1.20 uploaded on 20 Dec.2022, but corrected for one cell in the "Input Tox" worksheet. The first version (v1.15) was from March 2021. It is accompanied by a document so-called “FAQ_MixedTox_version2”, proposing approaches and recommendations on Frequently Asked Questions in the context of the aquatic Mixture Toxicity (e.g. metabolites, use of different FOCUS steps). It is also accompanied by a proposed template for the draft Registration Report (dRR, to be added in section 9.5.2).
description: DE; Excel; Sabine.Duquesne@uba.de
Carbon nanotube yarn actuators
Creators: name: Mirfakhrai, Tissaphern
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The first demonstration of electromechanical actuation in carbon nanotubes (CNTs), aligned in the form of a twisted yarn, is presented in this thesis. Sheets of CNTs have been known to actuate when charged electrochemically. When an electric potential is applied between a sheet of CNTs and another electrode, both submersed in an electrolyte, the sheet expands. Actuation loads and stresses are low (< 33 MPa); this is partly due to the random orientation of CNTs in those sheets. When actuated under similar conditions, the yarns show significantly higher stress (2.0±0.4 x 10⁸ Pa) with similar strain (0.6 %). However, unlike the sheets, the yarns contract when the electric potential is applied; this is quite unexpected. The mechanism of this contraction is studied and is related to the insertion of ions in the yarn and the structural changes that take place in the yarn due to its helical twisted structure. A model is presented, relating the actuation strain with yarn geometry (diameter, twist rate, internal packing), electrolyte properties such as ion size, and applied potential. The actuation and mechanical properties of the yarn are studied in various electrolytes. Characterization techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are employed to study the charge storage behaviour of the yarn, showing gravimetric capacitances between 10-60 F/g. It is also shown that the yarns can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and are thus capable of measuring mechanical forces. Their behaviour as mechanical force sensors is characterized, showing sensitivities about 2.0±0.6 x 10−⁵ V/MPa. The yarns are superior in work density to piezoelectric actuators when normalized by active material. Creep, can still be an issue, while a tensile modulus of about 16±5 GPa and a tensile strength of about 900 MPa mean that creep is much less than other types of artificial muscles at similar loads. Torsional actuation is also shown to take place if one end of the yarn is free to rotate. Thus, the CNT yarn actuators show the highest achieved stress among polymer artificial muscles and are the first to actuate torsionally, opening a wide range possibilities for applications.
Behavioral ecology of coastal peregrines (Falco peregrinus pealei)
Creators: name: Nelson, Robert Wayne
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Peregrine falcon
subject: Birds - Habits and behavior
subject: Birds - British Columbia

description: Bibliography: p. 448-485.
description: A long-term study, 1968-75, of Peregrine Falcons at Langara Island, British Columbia, produced much information on the behavior and ecology of this population. An ethogram summarizes descriptions and functions of 43 behavior patterns in courtship, 32 in territorial advertisement and defense, and 15 in self, nest and food defense. Males are more active in courtship, territorial advertisement and defense. Mainly same-sex intruders are chased, but males also evict females. Nine hypotheses of sexual size dimorphism are considered. I conclude that aerial combat with dangerous weapons selects for smaller males, better combatants; the proportion of aerial to ground fighting sets the lower limit to the size of males. The annual schedule of courtship, incubation, nestling, fledgling, and dispersal phases is described. Seasonal changes in courtship are not proximate causes of egglaying. Photoperiod is an early timer for laying. Ambient temperature is a "final" timer, initiating rapid follicle growth ea. two weeks before Egg 1 is laid. Early egglaying gives juveniles more experience before autumn-winter hardships. Productivity over eight years averaged 1.76 fledglings per territorial pair, and 2.32 per successful pair. Average breeding spans were: males, 6.0 years; females, 3.5 years (survival rates: 0.85, 0.75). A first year survival rate of ea. 0.45-0.55, and a floating population at least 50% of the size of the breeding population were estimated. The Langara falcons declined from ea. 21-23 pairs in the early 1950s to 5-6 pairs in 1968-?5. This decline paralleled a seabird decline, apparently throughout the Queen Charlotte Islands. Falcons amalgamate territories by means of pseudopolyandry; an orderly population decline results, toward a new "equilibrium" with the prey base. Peregrines occupy Type A, B-A, and B territories, from 0.3-0.5 km to ca. 15 km in diameter. Individuals establish and adjust territory size in relation to available food. They harvest on a conservative sustained-yield basis. The result is the "natural conservation" of V. C. Wynne-Edwards, but the cause is individual selection. Peregrines demonstrate Bergmann's Rule. Larger birds live in cooler climates and have higher mortality rates and larger clutch sizes. Clutch size offsets natural mortality plus provides a floating population of optimum size. Peregrines evolved a strategy which does not produce the most fledglings at independence (e.g. D. Lack), but which balances the survival of parents and the number and quality of fledglings. Smaller broods will produce young with better survival rates and competitive abilities. When balanced with quantity, and combined with philopatry, this strategy tends to increase genetic fitness.
The Factory and The Beehive I. Rotation Periods For Low-Mass Stars in Praesepe
Creators: name: Agüeros, Marcel
name: Covey, Kevin
name: Lemonias, Jenna
name: Law, Nicholas
name: Kraus, Adam
name: Batalha, Natasha
name: Bloom, Joshua
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Kasliwal, Mansi
name: Kulkarni, Shrinivas
name: Nugent, Peter
name: Ofek, Eran
name: Poznanski, Dovi
name: Quimby, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar rotation periods measured from single-age populations are critical for investigating how stellar angular momentum content evolves over time, how that evolution depends on mass, and how rotation influences the stellar dynamo and the magnetically heated chromosphere and corona. We report rotation periods for 40 late-K to mid-M stars members of the nearby, rich, intermediate-age (~600 Myr) open cluster Praesepe. These rotation periods were derived from ~200 observations taken by the Palomar Transient Factory of four cluster fields from 2010 February to May. Our measurements indicate that Praesepe's mass-period relation transitions from a well-defined singular relation to a more scattered distribution of both fast and slow rotators at ~0.6 Msun. The location of this transition is broadly consistent with expectations based on observations of younger clusters and the assumption that stellar-spin down is the dominant mechanism influencing angular momentum evolution at 600 Myr. However, a comparison to data recently published for the Hyades, assumed to be coeval to Praesepe, indicates that the divergence from a singular mass-period relation occurs at different characteristic masses, strengthening the finding that Praesepe is the younger of the two clusters. We also use previously published relations describing the evolution of rotation periods as a function of color and mass to evolve the sample of Praesepe periods in time. Comparing the resulting predictions to periods measured in M35 and NGC 2516 (~150 Myr) and for kinematically selected young and old field star populations suggests that stellar spin-down may progress more slowly than described by these relations.
description: To appear in the ApJ. 18 pages, 12 figures; version with higher resolution figures available at http://www.astro.columbia.edu/~marcel/papers/praesepe.pdf. Paper title inspired by local news; see http://tinyurl.com/redhoney
Tesis de Licenciatura en Antropologia Social: Capital cultural y trayectoria educativa entre estudiantes  de la cátedra introducción al conocimiento cientifico
Creators: name: GOMEZ, Raimundo Elias
Publisher: name: National University of Misiones
Year: 2009

description: The thesis  titled "Cultural Capital and Educational Trajectory Among ICC (Introduction to Scientific Knowledge)  Students," by Elías Raimundo Gómez, is a comprehensive study presented at the National University of Misiones in December 2009. The study draws heavily on the theories of Pierre Bourdieu. It emphasizes the role of habitus and cultural capital in shaping students' educational trajectories, decision-making processes regarding their careers, and their overall engagement with the university environment. The research provides detailed insights into the demographics of the student population, including gender, age, and the educational and occupational backgrounds of their parents. It also examines how students from different cultural backgrounds choose their careers, highlighting the influences of family, social environment, and previous exposure to certain fields or languages. Finally, the thesis provides a significant understanding of the complex interplay between cultural capital, educational choices, and the broader social and institutional context of higher education.
Nomisma.Org And The Future Of Linked Open Numismatics
Creators: name: Gruber, Ethan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: semantic web
linked open data
numismatics
data science
libraries
archives
museums

description: Discussing semantic web technologies applied to numismatic research with Nomisma.org and various American Numismatic Society projects. Presentation was given remotely at the Big Ancient Mediterranean conference.
Experimental testing and numerical simulation of granules as crash absorber for double hull structures
Creators: name: Woitzik, Christian
Publisher: name: VDI Verlag GmbH
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Collision safety
subject: Double hull structure
subject: Maritime applications
subject: Crash absorber
subject: Collision test
subject: Granules
subject: Expanded glass material
subject: Experimental testing
subject: Finite element method
classificationCode: 600
subject: Technik
classificationCode: 620
subject: Ingenieurwissenschaften

description: Die Kollisionssicherheit von Schiffen ist ein wichtiger Faktor im weltweiten Schiffsverkehr und unterliegt ständigen Verbesserungen. Dazu wird in dieser Arbeit das Verfüllen des Leerraumes von Doppelhüllenstrukturen mit Granulaten betrachtet. Die Eignung verschiedener Granulate wird untersucht und deren Materialparameter bestimmt, sowohl als Einzelpartikel als auch als Schüttgut. Anschließend wird mittels Experimenten an einer vereinfachten Seitenhüllenstruktur die numerische Eignung verschiedener Materialmodelle betrachtet, sowie abschließend das Entwicklungspotential für die Schifffahrtsindustrie anhand der Simulation einer realen Struktur aufgezeigt.
description: In the maritime sector, the collision safety is an essential aspect of ship operation. Aiming at further improvements, the filling of the cavity in a double hull structure with granular material is investigated in this thesis. In order to do so, the potential of different granules is determined experimentally, along with the description of their material parameters as particles and as a bulk material, respectively. Furthermore, a simplified side hull structure is designed for experimental testing, followed by a numerical study of different material models for the granules. This leads to the simulation of a realistic collision scenario, showing the potential in the maritime industry.
Disorder effects in the Kitaev-Heisenberg model
Creators: name: Singhania, Ayushi
name: Van Den Brink, Jeroen
name: Nishimoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : APS
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530

description: We study the interplay of disorder and Heisenberg interactions in the Kitaev model on a honeycomb lattice. The effect of disorder on the transition between Kitaev spin liquid and magnetic ordered states as well as the stability of magnetic ordering is investigated. Using Lanczos exact diagonalization we discuss the consequences of two types of disorder: (i) random-coupling disorder and (ii) singular-coupling disorder. They exhibit qualitatively similar effects in the pure Kitaev-Heisenberg model without long-range interactions. The range of spin-liquid phases is reduced and the transition to magnetic ordered phases becomes more crossoverlike. Furthermore, the long-range zigzag and stripy orderings in the clean system are replaced by their three domains with different ordering direction. Especially in the crossover range the coexistence of magnetically ordered and Kitaev spin-liquid domains is possible. With increasing the disorder strength the area of domains becomes smaller and the system goes into a spin-glass state. However, the disorder effect is different in magnetically ordered phases caused by long-range interactions. The stability of such magnetic ordering is diminished by singular-coupling disorder and, accordingly, the range of the spin-liquid regime is extended. This mechanism may be relevant to materials like α−RuCl3 and H3LiIr2O6 where the zigzag ground state is stabilized by weak long-range interactions. We also find that the flux gap closes at a critical disorder strength and vortices appears in the flux arrangement. Interestingly, the vortices tend to form kinds of commensurate ordering.
Local distribution patterns of gulls in relation to their seasonal centers of activity: and to urban garbage dumps at Calgary, Alberta
Creators: name: Weseloh, D. Vaughn
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: QL 696 L3 W46 1975 Microfiche
subject: Gulls - Behavior
subject: Ring-billed gull
subject: Franklin's gull
subject: Birds - Geographical distribution

description: Bibliography: p. 292-309.
Towards particle creation in a microwave cylindrical cavity
Creators: name: Naylor, Wade
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present for the first time numerical results for the particle (photon) creation rate of Dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) radiation in a resonant cylindrical microwave cavity. Based on recent experimental proposals, we model an irradiated semiconducting diaphragm (SCD) using a time dependent 'plasma sheet' where we show that the number of photons created for the TM_{011} mode is considerably enhanced even for low laser powers (of microjoule order). Conversely to the moving mirror case, we also show that the fundamental TM mode (TM_{010}) is not excited for an irradiated plasma sheet. We show that polarization (arising due to the back reaction of pair created photons with the plasma SCD) implies losses for TM, but not TE modes. However, we argue that these losses can be reduced by lowering the laser power and shortening the relaxation time. The results presented here lead support to the idea that TE and, in particular, TM modes are well suited to the detection of DCE radiation in a cylindrical cavity.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, RevTex4-1, comments welcome
Report from the Peer Review Workgroup
Creators: name: Acreman, Bev
name: Berkery, Peter
name: Black, Caroline
name: Bourg, Chis
name: Brasington Clark, Becky
name: Cochran, Angela
name: Davies, Kevin
name: Dresbeck, Rachel
name: MacCallum, Catriona
name: Peters, Paul
name: Schnabel, Bobby
name: Ugalde, Francisco ValdÃ©S
Publisher: name: Open Scholarship Initiative Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: The OSI2016 Peer Review workgroup focused on peer review in the context of open scholarÂ­ship. The group agreed that greater openness and transparency would improve accountaÂ­bility, minimize bias, and encourage collaboration, but did not underestimate the challenges of openness, nor the variation in readiness across disciplines and publishing modÂ­els. The group recommended facilitation of peer review outside the traditional publication processâ€”for example, in the context of preprint servers and after publicationâ€”with incenÂ­tives for broad participation. These incentives need to include a cultural shift in recognition of peer review as a valid activity contributing to career progression.
OSI2016 Workgroup Question
Managing the peer review process is one of the major attractions and benefits of the current publisher-driven publishing environment. Would it be possible to maintain peer review in different system â€” perhaps one where peer review happens at the institutional level, or in an online-review environment? How? What is really needed from peer review, what are the reform options (and what do we already know about the options that have been tried)?
description: Open Scholarship Initiative Proceedings, 2016
Weak vs. approximate values in quantum state determination
Creators: name: Haapasalo, Erkka
name: Lahti, Pekka
name: Schultz, Jussi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the concept of a weak value of a quantum observable to cover arbitrary real positive operator measures. We show that the definition is operationally meaningful in the sense that it can be understood within the quantum theory of sequential measurements. We then present a detailed analysis of the recent experiment of Lundeen et al. concerning the reconstruction of the state of a photon using weak measurements. We compare their method with the reconstruction method through informationally complete phase space measurements and show that it lacks the generality of the phase space method. In particular, a completely unknown state can never be reconstructed using the method of weak measurements.
description: 6 pages
Ein Wellentilger für Modell-Seegangsversuche
Creators: name: Baumann, Hellmut
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 1954
Subjects: classificationCode: 52.00
subject: Maschinenbau, Energietechnik, Fertigungstechnik: Allgemeines

description: Ein Wellentilger für Modell-Seegangsversuche
Distinction of disorder, classical and quantum vibrational contributions to atomic mean-square amplitudes in dielectric pentachloronitrobenzene
Creators: name: Cole, Jacqueline M.
name: Burgi, Hans-Beat
name: McIntyre, Garry J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solid-state molecular disorder of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and its role in causing anomalous dielectric properties are investigated. Normal coordinate analysis (NCA) of atomic mean-square displacement parameters (ADPs) is employed to distinguish disorder contributions from classical and quantum-mechanical vibrational contributions. The analysis relies on multitemperature (5-295 K) single-crystal neutron-diffraction data. Vibrational frequencies extracted from the temperature dependence of the ADPs are in good agreement with THz spectroscopic data. Aspects of the static disorder revealed by this work, primarily tilting and displacement of the molecules, are compared with corresponding results from previous, much more in-depth and time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations; their salient findings are reproduced by this work, demonstrating that the faster NCA approach provides reliable constraints for the interpretation of diffuse scattering. The dielectric properties of PCNB can thus be rationalized by an interpretation of the temperature-dependent ADPs in terms of thermal motion and molecular disorder. The use of atomic displacement parameters in the NCA approach is nonetheless hostage to reliable neutron data. The success of this study demonstrates that state-of-the-art single-crystal Laue neutron diffraction affords sufficiently fast the accurate data for this type of study. In general terms, the validation of this work opens up the field for numerous studies of solid-state molecular disorder in organic materials.
description: Now published in Physical Review B
"The Drug problem" in Western Canada, 1900-1920
Creators: name: Chapman, Terry L.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: HV 5840 C32 C43 1976 Microfiche
subject: Drug abuse - Canada - History
subject: Opium

description: Bibliography: p. 157-168.
description: While studies of early twentieth century Western Canadian social history have concentrated upon the impact of prostitution and prohibition on society, the equally preva­lent social vice of opium usage has largely been ignored. Although such neglect would appear to be warranted, a closer examination of the source material reveals that the problem was indeed profound. Drugs in general, and opium in partic­ular, formed the basis for two royal commissions, debates in both federal houses, and discussions at women's meetings and church gatherings. These sources, coupled with a multitude of articles in the popular magazines of the day and the first intensive study of drug abuse compiled in 1922 by Judge Emily Murphy, a leading Western Canadian suffragette, indicate that the problem formed an intregal part of Western Canadian society. In the triangular concept of vice which characterized the thoughts of early twentieth century reformers, opium a­buse formed the tip of a pyramid that had as its two founda­tions, alcohol and prostitution. As reformers came to demand an end to deviance in moral behaviour, success was dependent upon a legislation of morality on all three fronts. This three-pronged assault against social vice was the crucial ele­ment in a growing reform movement which crystallized under the guise of Progressivism and the Social Gospel. As the campaign for moral reform rapidly swept the country, the reformers were not content to confine their fervour within national boundaries. In joining forces with other opium plagued nations, Canada participated in a worldwide campaign to eliminate the non-medical use of opium and related addictives. This crusade was a united effort by several countries to maintain their white, anglo-saxon, protestant virtues in the wake of increased social vice. In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, the fear of the immigrant was primarily founded on an economic basis. By the mid 1920's, however, the social and moral implications of unrestricted immigration were of much import­ance to zealous reformers. As the awareness of drug usage increased, Canadians no longer perceived the consequences of smoking opium as solely attributable to the addicted Chinese worker. The Chinese were portrayed as cunning dope-pedlars, who, through the introduction of opium, were consciously bringing about the demise of the white race. Such an attack however, merely redirected the campaign in order to obtain greater public support. It becomes evident that as a new field in Western Canadian social history, the problem of opium abuse must be explored if a greater understanding of the reform mentality is to be obtained. To discuss social history in terms of prohibition and prostitution is to ignore the broad impact of drugs on early Western Canadian society.
An evaluation of computerized adaptive testing for general psychological distress: combining GHQ-12 and Affectometer-2 in an item bank for public mental health research
Creators: name: Stochl, Jan
name: Böhnke, Jan R
name: Pickett, Kate E
name: Croudace, Tim J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016
Subjects: computerized adaptive testing
General Health Questionnaire
affectometer
Item Response Theory

description: Background: Recent developments in psychometric modeling and technology allow pooling well-validated items from existing instruments into larger item banks and their deployment through methods of computerized adaptive testing (CAT). Use of item response theory-based bifactor methods and integrative data analysis overcomes barriers in cross-instrument comparison. This paper presents the joint calibration of an item bank for researchers keen to investigate population variations in general psychological distress (GPD). Methods: Multidimensional item response theory was used on existing health survey data from the Scottish Health Education Population Survey (n = 766) to calibrate an item bank consisting of pooled items from the short common mental disorder screen (GHQ-12) and the Affectometer-2 (a measure of “general happiness”). Computer simulation was used to evaluate usefulness and efficacy of its adaptive administration. Results: A bifactor model capturing variation across a continuum of population distress (while controlling for artefacts due to item wording) was supported. The numbers of items for different required reliabilities in adaptive administration demonstrated promising efficacy of the proposed item bank. Conclusions: Psychometric modeling of the common dimension captured by more than one instrument offers the potential of adaptive testing for GPD using individually sequenced combinations of existing survey items. The potential for linking other item sets with alternative candidate measures of positive mental health is discussed since an optimal item bank may require even more items than these.
description: Charles University PRVOUK programme nr. P38
description: This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from BioMed Central via http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016-0158-7
Translational regulation of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene GADD34 via its 5' untranslated region upstream open reading frame during eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha phosphorylation
Creators: name: Lee, Yun-Young
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates an integrated stress response which causes inhibition of overall protein synthesis via phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha). However, ER stress also results in selective translation of mRNAs, one of which is a transcription factor ATF4. ATF4 activates transcription of downstream stress-induced genes such as growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible gene 34 (GADD34) under ER stress. The function of GADD34 is to dephosphorylate eIF2alpha by interacting with protein phosphatase 1, thus leading to recovery of overall protein synthesis and translation of stress-induced transcripts through a negative feedback mechanism. In this thesis, we showed that GADD34 is not only transcriptionally induced, but also translationally regulated for maximal expression under ER stress. Translational regulation of GADD34 was mediated by its 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR), which was found to contain two upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in human and mouse. It was revealed that the downstream uORF2 is required for basal repression and translational upregulation under ER stress, while the upstream uORF1 is dispensable in this regulation. In addition, the uORF2 is readily recognized and translated, but the uORF1 is bypassed by the scanning ribosomes. Further mutational analysis on the GADD34 5’ UTR demonstrated that the uORF2 and the intercistronic region between the uORF2 and the main ORF are sufficient to direct translation when eIF2alpha is phosphorylated. In this process, the amino acid/nucleotide identity of the uORF2 was not required, but its conserved size was important. The sequence conservation within the intercistronic region also was identified, but changing the length and pyrimidine:purine ratio in this region did not significantly affect translational regulation. Finally, we set up in vitro translation systems where cap-dependent translation is compromised by inhibiting ternary complex and eIF4F formation in order to test GADD34 translational regulation. The results from the current thesis suggest that GADD34 translation is mediated through its 5’ UTR via a unique mechanism, which may serve as a model to understand translational regulation of other uORFs-containing mRNAs under cellular stress.
Using the past to constrain the future: how the palaeorecord can improve estimates of global warming
Creators: name: Edwards, Tamsin L.
name: Crucifix, Michel
name: Harrison, Sandy P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Climate sensitivity is defined as the change in global mean equilibrium temperature after a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration and provides a simple measure of global warming. An early estimate of climate sensitivity, 1.5-4.5°C, has changed little subsequently, including the latest assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The persistence of such large uncertainties in this simple measure casts doubt on our understanding of the mechanisms of climate change and our ability to predict the response of the climate system to future perturbations. This has motivated continued attempts to constrain the range with climate data, alone or in conjunction with models. The majority of studies use data from the instrumental period (post-1850) but recent work has made use of information about the large climate changes experienced in the geological past. In this review, we first outline approaches that estimate climate sensitivity using instrumental climate observations and then summarise attempts to use the record of climate change on geological timescales. We examine the limitations of these studies and suggest ways in which the power of the palaeoclimate record could be better used to reduce uncertainties in our predictions of climate sensitivity.
description: The final, definitive version of this paper has been published in Progress in Physical Geography, 31(5), 2007 by SAGE Publications Ltd, All rights reserved. \c{opyright} 2007 Edwards, Crucifix and Harrison