cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generative Latent Implicit Conditional Optimization when Learning from Small Sample
Creators: name: Azuri, Idan
name: Weinshall, Daphna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We revisit the long-standing problem of learning from a small sample, to which end we propose a novel method called GLICO (Generative Latent Implicit Conditional Optimization). GLICO learns a mapping from the training examples to a latent space and a generator that generates images from vectors in the latent space. Unlike most recent works, which rely on access to large amounts of unlabeled data, GLICO does not require access to any additional data other than the small set of labeled points. In fact, GLICO learns to synthesize completely new samples for every class using as little as 5 or 10 examples per class, with as few as 10 such classes without imposing any prior. GLICO is then used to augment the small training set while training a classifier on the small sample. To this end, our proposed method samples the learned latent space using spherical interpolation, and generates new examples using the trained generator. Empirical results show that the new sampled set is diverse enough, leading to improvement in image classification in comparison with the state of the art, when trained on small samples obtained from CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and CUB-200.
description: Published at ICPR 2020
Quantum Simulations of Physics Problems
Creators: name: Somma, Rolando
name: Ortiz, Gerardo
name: Knill, Emanuel
name: Gubernatis, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a large Quantum Computer (QC) existed today, what type of physical problems could we efficiently simulate on it that we could not simulate on a classical Turing machine? In this paper we argue that a QC could solve some relevant physical "questions" more efficiently. The existence of one-to-one mappings between different algebras of observables or between different Hilbert spaces allow us to represent and imitate any physical system by any other one (e.g., a bosonic system by a spin-1/2 system). We explain how these mappings can be performed showing quantum networks useful for the efficient evaluation of some physical properties, such as correlation functions and energy spectra.
description: 12 pages and 6 ps figures. Submitted to SPIE Aerosense 2003
Additional file 1 of Simple semi-high throughput determination of activity signatures of key antioxidant enzymes for physiological phenotyping
Creators: name: Fimognari, Lorenzo
name: Dölker, Rebecca
name: Kaselyte, Greta
name: Jensen, Camilla N. G.
name: Akhtar, Saqib S.
name: Großkinsky, Dominik K.
name: Roitsch, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Experimental setup of the chemicals used in each enzymatic assay. In cases where the extract volume added was smaller than 25μL, buffer was added to reach a total extraction volume of 25μL in each well. In every well, the total volume of the reaction was 160 μL.
BENGALIS IN AMERICA: RELATIONSHIP, AFFECT, PERSON, AND SELF (IDENTITY, ETHNICITY)
Creators: name: Rutherford, Dorothy Angell
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Mainly English-speaking professionals, yet from a region and religions (Islam, Hinduism) little known to Americans, Bangladeshis and Indian Bengalis in the United States challenge our notions about pluralism. The question: How do Bengalis organize and experience their lives here? The theoretical focus is personal identity (distinguished from both ethnic identity and personality); central constructs are "person" and "self.". During ethnographic fieldwork in the United States (eighteen months) and in Bengal (three months), three methods were used: family interviews; participant observation at emigrant Bengalis' community events: intensive family visits. Discourse was recorded. Analysis centers on: three domains of life (public, social, private) seen essential for human beings; self-reflective stories of individuals with different social networks. In each domain, attention focuses on social relations and identifications, and on collective and individual discourse. While most Bengalis participate in American public life (workplaces, neighborhoods, voluntary groups), emerging relationships and meanings are limited by both American and Bengali understandings and practices. Here, Bengalis define differences between themselves and Americans. Social life for most Bengalis is in their own community and among friends. Indian and Bangladeshi organizations provide important social occasions for families, but scarcely for singles or newcomers. Here, each collectivity defines itself vis-a-vis the other. Private life centers in "family" and "household," each comprising distinctive relationships, responsibilities, and affects. Here, Bengalis define themselves as persons. The most "enclaved" Bengalis' identities are least conflicted; individuals with heterogenous networks often experience themselves split between "person" and "self." Internationally joint families stay intact for generations through "family-based projects and meanings.". The findings question assertions about links between: personal and social identities; status and network-type. The power of American cultural definitions is evident. Emigrant Bengali collectivities are better understood as extensions of family networks than as ethnic groups; being a "certain sort of person" is more salient than maintenance of Bengali cultural identifiers. Bengalis are constrained both by their explicit notions about moral persons, and by the implicit structure of Bengali personhood and selfhood. The constructs "person" and "self" and an actor-centered methodology generate new research questions about: South Asian persons; United States pluralism; American culture and persons.
Characterization of entanglement of more than two qubits with Bell inequalities and global entanglement
Creators: name: Endrejat, J.
name: Buettner, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the entanglement-structure of 3- and 4-qubit states can be characterized by optimized operators of the Mermin-Klyshko type. It is possible to discriminate between pure 2-qubit entanglements and higher entanglements. A comparison with a global entanglement measure and the i-concurrence is made.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, revtex 4, revised version
UBC Foods & fair trade : social media content plan
Creators: name: Marxsen, Alexandra
name: McCutcheon, Andrew
name: Markwick, Nicole
name: Ponnoosamy, Steven
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: UBC Food Services is responsible for the provision of food services in the majority of UBC’s cafeterias, residence dining halls, as well as providing catering services and running the upscale Sage Bistro. UBC Food Services has been an instrumental partner in UBC’s certification as a Fair Trade Campus. The designation from Fair Trade Canada requires the campus to commit to providing a certain number of fair trade choices across campus. Recently, UBC Food Services paired with UBC Social Economic Ecological Development Studies (SEEDS) and students from Dr. Alfred Hermida’s ‘Decoding Social Media’ course to generate a social media approach to promote fair trade products across the UBC campus. This approach had to suit the limited financial and human resources available at UBC Food Services, while providing the organization with high-value social media content. Initial objectives for the project involved suggestions for improving UBC Food Services’ social media presence and impact, increasing student awareness and understanding of fair trade options on campus, and creating a simple, transferable fair trade social media toolkit. The following document seeks to meet these goals. The first section, entitled “Social Media Strategies”, provides recommendations specifically tailored to the needs of UBC Food Services on social media. It articulates ways in which the organization can improve the impact of their Twitter account, @UBCFoods, establish a useful presence on Facebook, and potentially become engaged with Instagram as well. In the second section, a schedule of social media content is provided. The content plan includes sample content for all three relevant platforms, targeted at less than 10 hours of social media time available per week. It is our sincere hope that this document will be of assistance to UBC Food Services in the future. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
BENGALIS IN AMERICA: RELATIONSHIP, AFFECT, PERSON, AND SELF (IDENTITY, ETHNICITY)
Creators: name: Rutherford, Dorothy Angell
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Mainly English-speaking professionals, yet from a region and religions (Islam, Hinduism) little known to Americans, Bangladeshis and Indian Bengalis in the United States challenge our notions about pluralism. The question: How do Bengalis organize and experience their lives here? The theoretical focus is personal identity (distinguished from both ethnic identity and personality); central constructs are "person" and "self.". During ethnographic fieldwork in the United States (eighteen months) and in Bengal (three months), three methods were used: family interviews; participant observation at emigrant Bengalis' community events: intensive family visits. Discourse was recorded. Analysis centers on: three domains of life (public, social, private) seen essential for human beings; self-reflective stories of individuals with different social networks. In each domain, attention focuses on social relations and identifications, and on collective and individual discourse. While most Bengalis participate in American public life (workplaces, neighborhoods, voluntary groups), emerging relationships and meanings are limited by both American and Bengali understandings and practices. Here, Bengalis define differences between themselves and Americans. Social life for most Bengalis is in their own community and among friends. Indian and Bangladeshi organizations provide important social occasions for families, but scarcely for singles or newcomers. Here, each collectivity defines itself vis-a-vis the other. Private life centers in "family" and "household," each comprising distinctive relationships, responsibilities, and affects. Here, Bengalis define themselves as persons. The most "enclaved" Bengalis' identities are least conflicted; individuals with heterogenous networks often experience themselves split between "person" and "self." Internationally joint families stay intact for generations through "family-based projects and meanings.". The findings question assertions about links between: personal and social identities; status and network-type. The power of American cultural definitions is evident. Emigrant Bengali collectivities are better understood as extensions of family networks than as ethnic groups; being a "certain sort of person" is more salient than maintenance of Bengali cultural identifiers. Bengalis are constrained both by their explicit notions about moral persons, and by the implicit structure of Bengali personhood and selfhood. The constructs "person" and "self" and an actor-centered methodology generate new research questions about: South Asian persons; United States pluralism; American culture and persons.
Quest for Localized 4-D Black Holes in Brane Worlds. II : Removing the bulk singularities
Creators: name: Kanti, P.
name: Olasagasti, I.
name: Tamvakis, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze further the possibility of obtaining localized black hole solutions in the framework of Randall-Sundrum-type brane-world models. We consider black hole line-elements analytic at the horizon, namely, generalizations of the Painleve and Vaidya metrics, which are taken to have a decaying dependence of the horizon on the extra dimension. These backgrounds have no other singularities apart from the standard black hole singularity which is localized in the direction of the fifth dimension. Both line-elements can be sustained by a regular, shell-like distribution of bulk matter of a non-standard form. Of the two, the Vaidya line-element is shown to provide the most attractive, natural choice: despite the scaling of the horizon, the 5D spacetime has the same topological structure as the one of a RS-Schwarzschild spacetime and demands a minimal bulk energy-momentum tensor.
description: 18 pages, Latex file, 4 eps figures, typos corrected, references added, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
EXPORT INSTABILITY, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CYCLES, AND COMMODITY CONCENTRATION OF LDCS (PORTFOLIO)
Creators: name: Pastore, Mario Hector
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation advances two hypotheses. The first is suggested by empirical evidence from the 1950s and the 1960s and maintains that the mean export earnings instability of LDCs is directly related to the degree of synchronization in the business cycles of industrial, capitalist countries. Additional evidence supporting the hypothesis emanates from numerous empirical studies of the 1970s, as well as from one of the two sets of independent tests that were conducted here, which covered the period between 1950 and 1982. This suggests that demand side forces may be responsible for the higher mean export instability of LDCs during periods of relatively synchronized business cycles in industrial countries and contradicts empirical studies that had attributed LDC export instability to supply side (country specific) forces. The second hypothesis is derived from an optimal portfolio selection model that assumes risk-averse preferences. It maintains that the sign of the relationship between "proportions" diversification and mean export instability will be ambiguous, while that between "numbers" diversification and mean instability of export earnings will depend on the correlation coefficient between export receipts: it will be negative if the correlation coefficient is negative (or positive but low), positive if the correlation coefficient is highly positive. This contradicts results of earlier "portfolio" models and, furthermore, suggests that the preference for numbers diversification of exports, even though it may lead to a more unstable export portfolio, is nothing but the response of risk-averse individuals to constrained choice. Support for this hypothesis is derived mainly from the internal consistency of the mathematical model from which it emerged; empirical confirmation of the hypothesis must await the development of suitable concentration indices and reliable data on number of exports of LDCs. Export diversification will reduce LDC export instability if export stabilization programs are managed with attention to the degree of randomness and synchronization in the business cycles of industrial countries, and it should not be discouraged even though it may lead to greater export instability in periods of highly synchronized business fluctuations in industrial countries.
GATT-1947: A Living Legend Fostering International Trade
Creators: name: Kerr, W.A.
name: Kerr, W.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: accession
subject: GATT
subject: liberalization
subject: most-favoured nation
subject: recontracting
subject: WTO

description: The rounds of GATT/WTO negotiations are often where emphasis is placed for progress on the liberalization of international trade. Given the last successful round was completed in 1994 and the Doha negotiations have been stalled in 2008-2009, the prognosis for further liberalization is often gloomy. While WTO negotiation rounds have been an important facet of liberalization, other aspects of the multilateral trade architecture are also important in fostering trade liberalization - but are often overlooked. These institutional arrangements stem from the original GATT-1947 but remain intact. It is argued that the institutional arrangements for (1) non-discrimination. (2) recontracting and (3) accession also foster liberalization. These institutional arrangements are explained in the context of progress on international trade liberalization.
EXPORT INSTABILITY, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CYCLES, AND COMMODITY CONCENTRATION OF LDCS (PORTFOLIO)
Creators: name: Pastore, Mario Hector
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 3803
subject: Economic theory

description: This dissertation advances two hypotheses. The first is suggested by empirical evidence from the 1950s and the 1960s and maintains that the mean export earnings instability of LDCs is directly related to the degree of synchronization in the business cycles of industrial, capitalist countries. Additional evidence supporting the hypothesis emanates from numerous empirical studies of the 1970s, as well as from one of the two sets of independent tests that were conducted here, which covered the period between 1950 and 1982. This suggests that demand side forces may be responsible for the higher mean export instability of LDCs during periods of relatively synchronized business cycles in industrial countries and contradicts empirical studies that had attributed LDC export instability to supply side (country specific) forces. The second hypothesis is derived from an optimal portfolio selection model that assumes risk-averse preferences. It maintains that the sign of the relationship between "proportions" diversification and mean export instability will be ambiguous, while that between "numbers" diversification and mean instability of export earnings will depend on the correlation coefficient between export receipts: it will be negative if the correlation coefficient is negative (or positive but low), positive if the correlation coefficient is highly positive. This contradicts results of earlier "portfolio" models and, furthermore, suggests that the preference for numbers diversification of exports, even though it may lead to a more unstable export portfolio, is nothing but the response of risk-averse individuals to constrained choice. Support for this hypothesis is derived mainly from the internal consistency of the mathematical model from which it emerged; empirical confirmation of the hypothesis must await the development of suitable concentration indices and reliable data on number of exports of LDCs. Export diversification will reduce LDC export instability if export stabilization programs are managed with attention to the degree of randomness and synchronization in the business cycles of industrial countries, and it should not be discouraged even though it may lead to greater export instability in periods of highly synchronized business fluctuations in industrial countries.
Man, A Representative of the Universe
Creators: name: Black, G. V. (Greene Vardiman), 1836-1915.
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1885
Subjects: subject: Human Activities
subject: Literary Union (Jacksonville, Ill.)
subject: Hominidae
subject: Human Activities

description: Read before the Literary Union of Jacksonville, Illinois
Beyond the standard model with B and K physics
Creators: name: Grossman, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the first part of the talk the flavor physics input to models beyond the Standard Model is described. One specific example of such a new physics model is given: a model with bulk fermions in one non-factorizable extra dimension. In the second part of the talk we discuss several observables that are sensitive to new physics. We explain what type of new physics can produce deviations from the Standard Model predictions in each of these observables.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Invited talk presented at the 21st International Symposium On Lepton And Photon Interactions At High Energies (LP03) 11-16 Aug 2003, Batavia, Illinois. Version to appear in the proceeding edited by Harry W. K. Cheung and Tracey Pratt
Additional file 1 of PAR-4/Ca2+-calpain pathway activation stimulates platelet-derived microparticles in hyperglycemic type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Giannella, Alessandra
name: Ceolotto, Giulio
name: Radu, Claudia Maria
name: Cattelan, Arianna
name: Iori, Elisabetta
name: Benetti, Andrea
name: Fabris, Fabrizio
name: Simioni, Paolo
name: Avogaro, Angelo
name: De Kreutzenberg, Saula Vigili
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Correlations between CD62P+ MPs and fasting glucose level in all groups. Statistical significance was determined with linear regression. Dotted lines indicated the 95% of interval confidence. Figure S2. a–c Representative Western blots and densitometric analysis of PAR-1 and PAR-4 protein expression in platelets from NGT, GGC and PGC. The results were expressed relative to the control on the same blot, defined as 100%, and by the protein of interest/β actin densitometric ratio. The p-values were evaluated by ANOVA: PAR-1, p = 0.9; PAR-4, p
The Asymmetric Thick Disk: A Star Count and Kinematic Analysis. II The Kinematics
Creators: name: Parker, Jeniffer E.
name: Humphreys, Roberta M.
name: Beers, Timothy C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a kinematic signature associated with the observed asymmetry in the distribution of thick disk/inner halo stars interior to the Solar circle described in Paper I. In that paper we found a statistically significant excess (20% to 25 %) of stars in quadrant I (l ~ 20 deg to 55 deg) both above and below the plane (b ~ +/- 25 deg to +/- 45 deg) compared to the complementary region in quadrant IV. We have measured Doppler velocities for 741 stars, selected according to the same magnitude and color criteria, in the direction of the asymmetry and in the corresponding fields in quadrant IV. We have also determined spectral types and metallicities measured from the same spectra. We not only find an asymmetric distribution in the V_LSR velocities for the stars in the two regions, but the angular rate of rotation, w, for the stars in quadrant I reveals a slower effective rotation rate compared to the corresponding quadrant IV stars. We use our [Fe/H] measurements to separate the stars into the three primary population groups, halo, thick disk, and disk, and conclude that it is primarily the thick disk stars that show the slower rotation in quadrant I. A solution for the radial, tangential and vertical components of the V_LSR velocities, reveals a significant lag of ~ 80 to 90 km/s in the direction of Galactic rotation for the thick disk stars in quadrant I, while in quadrant IV, the same population has only a ~ 20 km/s lag. The results reported here support a rotational lag among the thick disk stars due to a gravitational interaction with the bar as the most likely explanation for the asymmetry in both the star counts and the kinematics. The affected thick disk stars, however, may be associated with the recently discovered Canis Major debris stream or a similar merger event (abridged).
description: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Compensation payments, animal disease and incentivising on-farm biosecurity: the role of biosecurity investment spillovers between farmers
Creators: name: Fraser, Robert
name: Fraser, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management

description: This paper explores the consequences of removing the assumption in Fraser (2017) of no spatial spillovers of biosecurity investment impacts between farmers in the context of animal disease outbreaks. It modifies the methodological framework of Fraser (2017) to introduce such spatial spillovers and undertakes a numerical analysis of this modified framework. This analysis evaluates the impact of allowing for biosecurity investment spillovers between farmers on the scope for using compensation payments to incentivise both disease reporting and on-farm biosecurity investment by farmers, as well as suggesting several low cost policy implications of the analysis which support the successful use of compensation payments to incentivise farmers.
Additional file 1 of Multiblock variable influence on orthogonal projections (MB-VIOP) for enhanced interpretation of total, global, local and unique variations in OnPLS models
Creators: name: Galindo-Prieto, Beatriz
name: Geladi, Paul
name: Trygg, Johan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Supporting information that contains Tables S1–S5 and Figures S1–S5.
DEMAND FACTORS, IMPORT RESTRAINTS, AND THE PROSPECTS FOR THE U.S. STEEL INDUSTRY (UNITED STATES)
Creators: name: Schorsch, Louis Laurence
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The declining competitiveness of the U.S. steel industry represents a major social and political issue. Developments in the industry since 1982--unprecedented declines in U.S. shipments and operating rates, severe layoffs, record import penetration, and significant plant closures--made this issue particularly pressing in the election year of 1984. The U.S. government's response to these developments has been to seek voluntary export restraints with the major foreign suppliers to the U.S. steel market. Steel import quotas of the magnitude currently being sought (approximately 20 percent of U.S. consumption) are unlikely to reverse or retard significantly the decline of the U.S. steel industry's integrated sector. This judgment is based on projections derived from a small simultaneous model of the U.S. steel market, estimated using iterative three-stage least-squares techniques. This judgment is also based on the view that increased imports have not been the major causes of U.S. integrated producers' decline. Instead, this result stems from three forces that relate to the overall development of the U.S. and world economies as well as to intra-industry conditions. First, the steel intensity (steel consumption divided by per capita GNP) of the U.S. economy has been declining throughout the postwar period. Second, international differences in steel intensity have contributed to the emergence of a truly global steel market. Third, less capital-intensive technologies, embodied in minimill plants, have become a viable alternative to integrated techniques. Previous research on the U.S. steel industry's declining performance has emphasized two themes: the implications of the integrated sector's oligopolistic structure and the changing pattern of international cost competitiveness. While these themes assess important aspects of the industry's performance, they downplay the significance of demand-side phenomena such as steel-intensity relationships. The dissertation's econometric model was used to evaluate counterfactual hypotheses concerning the relative importance of steel-intensity relationships, international cost relationships, and import levels. These simulations suggest that demand-side factors, representing developments outside the steel industry, warrant greater consideration in analyses of the U.S. steel industry's performance and in steel-policy decisions.
Quantum nature of Wigner function for inflationary tensor perturbations
Creators: name: Gong, Jinn-Ouk
name: Seo, Min-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Wigner function for the inflationary tensor perturbation defined in the real phase space. We compute explicitly the Wigner function including the contributions from the cubic self-interaction Hamiltonian of tensor perturbations. Then we argue that it is no longer an appropriate description for the probability distribution in the sense that quantum nature allows negativity around vanishing phase variables. This comes from the non-Gaussian wavefunction in the mixed state as a result of the non-linear interaction between super- and sub-horizon modes. We also show that this is related to the explicit infrared divergence in the Wigner function, in contrast to the trace of the density matrix.
description: (v1) 24 pages, (v2) 27 pages, discussions expanded and references added, to appear in Journal of High Energy Physics
DEMAND FACTORS, IMPORT RESTRAINTS, AND THE PROSPECTS FOR THE U.S. STEEL INDUSTRY (UNITED STATES)
Creators: name: Schorsch, Louis Laurence
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: The declining competitiveness of the U.S. steel industry represents a major social and political issue. Developments in the industry since 1982--unprecedented declines in U.S. shipments and operating rates, severe layoffs, record import penetration, and significant plant closures--made this issue particularly pressing in the election year of 1984. The U.S. government's response to these developments has been to seek voluntary export restraints with the major foreign suppliers to the U.S. steel market. Steel import quotas of the magnitude currently being sought (approximately 20 percent of U.S. consumption) are unlikely to reverse or retard significantly the decline of the U.S. steel industry's integrated sector. This judgment is based on projections derived from a small simultaneous model of the U.S. steel market, estimated using iterative three-stage least-squares techniques. This judgment is also based on the view that increased imports have not been the major causes of U.S. integrated producers' decline. Instead, this result stems from three forces that relate to the overall development of the U.S. and world economies as well as to intra-industry conditions. First, the steel intensity (steel consumption divided by per capita GNP) of the U.S. economy has been declining throughout the postwar period. Second, international differences in steel intensity have contributed to the emergence of a truly global steel market. Third, less capital-intensive technologies, embodied in minimill plants, have become a viable alternative to integrated techniques. Previous research on the U.S. steel industry's declining performance has emphasized two themes: the implications of the integrated sector's oligopolistic structure and the changing pattern of international cost competitiveness. While these themes assess important aspects of the industry's performance, they downplay the significance of demand-side phenomena such as steel-intensity relationships. The dissertation's econometric model was used to evaluate counterfactual hypotheses concerning the relative importance of steel-intensity relationships, international cost relationships, and import levels. These simulations suggest that demand-side factors, representing developments outside the steel industry, warrant greater consideration in analyses of the U.S. steel industry's performance and in steel-policy decisions.
Extensive and intensive margins of agri-food trade in the EU
Creators: name: Ferto, Imre
name: Ferto, Imre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Extension margin
subject: intensive margin
subject: the growth of European agri-food trade

description: We use 6-digit bilateral trade data to document the evolution on the extensive and intensive product margins of agri-food trade in the EU over the period 2000 and 2015. In line with previous research our results confirm the importance of extensive margin in the EU’s agri-food trade. We show that importance of margins may vary according to product differentiations. Econometric analysis reveals that drivers are similar for extensive and intensive margins. In addition, the impacts of trade cost variables differs between extensive and intensive margins according to product differentiations. Our results are relatively robust to alternative definitions of trade margins and product classifications.
Improving the performance of heterogeneous data centers through redundancy
Creators: name: Anton, Elene
name: Ayesta, Urtzi
name: Jonckheere, Matthieu
name: Verloop, Ina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We analyze the performance of redundancy in a multi-type job and multi-type server system. We assume the job dispatcher is unaware of the servers' capacities, and we set out to study under which circumstances redundancy improves the performance. With redundancy an arriving job dispatches redundant copies to all its compatible servers, and departs as soon as one of its copies completes service. As a benchmark comparison, we take the non-redundant system in which a job arrival is routed to only one randomly selected compatible server. Service times are generally distributed and all copies of a job are identical, i.e., have the same service requirement. In our first main result, we characterize the sufficient and necessary stability conditions of the redundancy system. This condition coincides with that of a system where each job type only dispatches copies into its least-loaded servers, and those copies need to be fully served. In our second result, we compare the stability regions of the system under redundancy to that of no redundancy. We show that if the server's capacities are sufficiently heterogeneous, the stability region under redundancy can be much larger than that without redundancy. We apply the general solution to particular classes of systems, including redundancy-d and nested models, to derive simple conditions on the degree of heterogeneity required for redundancy to improve the stability. As such, our result is the first in showing that redundancy can improve the stability and hence performance of a system when copies are non-i.i.d..
Spatial coordination in Payment for Environmental Service schemes: can we nudge the agglomeration bonus to enhance its effectiveness?
Creators: name: Kuhfuss, Laure
name: Preget, Raphaele
name: Thoyer, Sophie
name: De Vries, Frans
name: Hanley, Nick
name: Kuhfuss, Laure
name: Preget, Raphaele
name: Thoyer, Sophie
name: De Vries, Frans
name: Hanley, Nick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: agglomeration bonus
subject: nudge
subject: lab experiements
subject: coordination games
subject: agriculture policy
subject: environmental performance

description: The environmental benefits from Payment for Environmental Service (PES) schemes can often be enhanced if farmers can be induced to enrol land in a spatially-coordinated manner. This is because the achievement of many targets for biodiversity conservation policy or water quality improvements are increasing in the spatial connectedness of enrolled land. One incentive mechanism which has been proposed by economists to achieve such connectedness is the Agglomeration Bonus (the AB). There has also been an interest within the literature on PES design in using “nudges” to enhance participation and performance. In this paper, we test whether a specific nudge in the form of information provided to participants on the environmental performance of their group can improve participation and spatial coordination, and/or enhance the impacts of the AB. We design a lab experiment whereby the environmental benefits generated by a PES scheme are generated by real contributions to an environmental charity. We argue that this mirrors the situation in actual PES schemes where participants derive utility from contributing to the environmental outputs of the scheme, in addition to the monetary payoffs they receive. Our results confirm the environmental benefits of the AB, but the impact of our nudge is much less environmentally effective. Interestingly, we find that the nudge does not significantly supercharge the AB, and can even worsen its performance.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION AND ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS AND LEARNING RATES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN FIRST-YEAR CHEMISTRY (SCIENCE EDUCATION)
Creators: name: Summerville, Lorelei Janet
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The Problem. This research proposed to determine the effects of computer-assisted instruction on both the level of achievement and the rate of learning experienced by secondary students in first-year Chemistry. The Hypothesis. The achievement of students in first-year Chemistry provided with computer-assisted instruction will be greater in the principles of the Gas Laws and Temperature Conversion, Boyle's Law, and Charles' Law than by students not receiving computer-assisted instruction. The learning rate of students in first-year Chemistry provided with computer-assisted instruction will be greater in the principles of the Gas Laws and Temperature Conversion, Boyle's Law, and Charles' Law than by students not receiving computer-assisted instruction. The Methodology. Students were pretested on their knowledge of the Gas Laws. The control group was taught the principles of each of these laws and concepts without the aid of computer programs, and without access to a computer for calculations. The experimental group received identical instruction. They, however, were provided the use of Apple II computers in order to practice programs in the Gas Law principles, as well as for calculations. Posttests on each Gas Law were administered to both the experimental and control groups. Subsequently, a statistical analysis of each student's gain scores (the difference between the pretest and posttest scores) was made through the application of a one-way analysis of variance. The Results and Conclusion. No statistical difference was observed between the gain scores or the learning rate for the experimental and control groups when tested at the alpha = 0.05 level. The research hypothesis was not, however, rejected, due to the following criteria: the mean gain scores of the computer-assisted group were greater than those of the control group in the areas of Temperature Conversion, Boyle's Law, and Charles' Law. Gain scores for students with low mathematical ability also improved with the introduction of computer assistance.
title: Sound propagation over mixed impedances
Creators: name: Heap, N. W.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1982

description: Outdoor propagation of surface transportation noise is strongly influenced by reflections from the ground surface due to the creation of an intereference pattern. The result is an attenuation with distance over and above that expected from simple spherical divergence and atmospheric absorption. A review of literature shows that ground effects can be characterised by a spherical wave reflection coefficient and a normal surface impedance. Theoretical solutions of point to point propagation over three different ground surface models (local reaction, extended reaction and a rigid backed layer) are described and the first two are shown to give good estimates of the excess attenuation as a function of distance. Methods for measuring the normal surface impedance are discussed and experimental measurements reported. It is concluded that an indirect method employing the local reaction theoretical solution gives reasonable estimates over the frequency range 1-70 kHz. For practical applications the homogeneous ground surface is modified to include the effects of impedance discontinuities. The theoretical solutions are compared with the results obtained from experiments on laboratory models built to a notional scale of 1:100. In the case of the source over a rigid surface and receiver over an acoustically soft ground surface, it is shown that (a) for a low noise source (e.g. cars) the impedance discontinuity has negligible effect and (b) that for elevated sources (e.g. lorries) the excess attenuation is increased relative to that of a homogeneous surface. The double discontinuity introduced by a rigid strip in an acoustically soft ground surface is also examined. Experimental results indicate the effect of the strip is insignificant for strip widths less than 10% of the source receiver separation distance. For wider strips it is found that prediction can be improved by postulating an increased average surface impedance.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION AND ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS AND LEARNING RATES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN FIRST-YEAR CHEMISTRY (SCIENCE EDUCATION)
Creators: name: Summerville, Lorelei Janet
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy

description: The Problem. This research proposed to determine the effects of computer-assisted instruction on both the level of achievement and the rate of learning experienced by secondary students in first-year Chemistry. The Hypothesis. The achievement of students in first-year Chemistry provided with computer-assisted instruction will be greater in the principles of the Gas Laws and Temperature Conversion, Boyle's Law, and Charles' Law than by students not receiving computer-assisted instruction. The learning rate of students in first-year Chemistry provided with computer-assisted instruction will be greater in the principles of the Gas Laws and Temperature Conversion, Boyle's Law, and Charles' Law than by students not receiving computer-assisted instruction. The Methodology. Students were pretested on their knowledge of the Gas Laws. The control group was taught the principles of each of these laws and concepts without the aid of computer programs, and without access to a computer for calculations. The experimental group received identical instruction. They, however, were provided the use of Apple II computers in order to practice programs in the Gas Law principles, as well as for calculations. Posttests on each Gas Law were administered to both the experimental and control groups. Subsequently, a statistical analysis of each student's gain scores (the difference between the pretest and posttest scores) was made through the application of a one-way analysis of variance. The Results and Conclusion. No statistical difference was observed between the gain scores or the learning rate for the experimental and control groups when tested at the alpha = 0.05 level. The research hypothesis was not, however, rejected, due to the following criteria: the mean gain scores of the computer-assisted group were greater than those of the control group in the areas of Temperature Conversion, Boyle's Law, and Charles' Law. Gain scores for students with low mathematical ability also improved with the introduction of computer assistance.
Additional file 1 of Prognostic factors for the improvement of pain and disability following multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with chronic neck pain
Creators: name: Weigl, Martin
name: Letzel, Josefine
name: Angst, Felix
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table. Multivariable regression of the changes in NASS disability between baseline and programme discharge (n = 112)
Efficient Oblivious Database Joins
Creators: name: Krastnikov, Simeon
name: Kerschbaum, Florian
name: Stebila, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A major algorithmic challenge in designing applications intended for secure remote execution is ensuring that they are oblivious to their inputs, in the sense that their memory access patterns do not leak sensitive information to the server. This problem is particularly relevant to cloud databases that wish to allow queries over the client's encrypted data. One of the major obstacles to such a goal is the join operator, which is non-trivial to implement obliviously without resorting to generic but inefficient solutions like Oblivious RAM (ORAM). We present an oblivious algorithm for equi-joins which (up to a logarithmic factor) matches the optimal $O(n\log n)$ complexity of the standard non-secure sort-merge join (on inputs producing $O(n)$ outputs). We do not use use expensive primitives like ORAM or rely on unrealistic hardware or security assumptions. Our approach, which is based on sorting networks and novel provably-oblivious constructions, is conceptually simple, easily verifiable, and very efficient in practice. Its data-independent algorithmic structure makes it secure in various different settings for remote computation, even in those that are known to be vulnerable to certain side-channel attacks (such as Intel SGX) or with strict requirements for low circuit complexity (like secure multiparty computation). We confirm that our approach is easily realizable through a compact implementation which matches our expectations for performance and is shown, both formally and empirically, to possess the desired security characteristics.