cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tanytarsus van der Wulp 1874
Creators: name: Dantas, Galileu P. S.
name: Hamada, Neusa
name: Giłka, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Tanytarsus

description: Genus: Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874
New species
description: Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Hamada, Neusa & Giłka, Wojciech, 2023, Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Chironomidae, Diptera): new species from the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil, new records from the Neotropics, and remarks on the taxonomy of the genus, pp. 115-139 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on page 116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7864357
Tanytarsus hastatus Sublette et Sasa 1994
Creators: name: Dantas, Galileu P. S.
name: Hamada, Neusa
name: Giłka, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Tanytarsus
Tanytarsus hastatus

description: Tanytarsus hastatus species group
Members: Tanytarsus hastatus Sublette et Sasa, 1994, Tanytarsus frameatus sp. nov.
Diagnosis. Hypopygial anal point lanceolate, subapically broadened, with triangular distal section tapering to pointed apex, bearing numerous spinulae distributed irregularly between well-developed crests. Superior volsella round or heart-shaped, with median margin concave, and ventral lip posteromedially. Digitus long, extending well beyond median margin of superior volsella, finger- or knife-shaped. Stem of median and digitus of similar length.
description: Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Hamada, Neusa & Giłka, Wojciech, 2023, Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Chironomidae, Diptera): new species from the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil, new records from the Neotropics, and remarks on the taxonomy of the genus, pp. 115-139 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on page 129, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7864357
Tanytarsus kiche Vinogradova, Riss et Spies 2009
Creators: name: Dantas, Galileu P. S.
name: Hamada, Neusa
name: Giłka, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Tanytarsus
Tanytarsus kiche

description: Tanytarsus kiche species group
Members: Tanytarsus kiche Vinogradova, Riss et Spies, 2009, Tanytarsus insolens Dantas et Giłka, 2017, Tanytarsus marianae Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022, Tanytarsus rafaeli Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022.
description: Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Hamada, Neusa & Giłka, Wojciech, 2023, Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Chironomidae, Diptera): new species from the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil, new records from the Neotropics, and remarks on the taxonomy of the genus, pp. 115-139 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7864357
Tanytarsus rafaeli Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler 2022
Creators: name: Dantas, Galileu P. S.
name: Hamada, Neusa
name: Giłka, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Tanytarsus
Tanytarsus rafaeli

description: Tanytarsus rafaeli Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022
(Fig. 9A–C)
Tanytarsus rafaeli Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022: 431 (adult male; Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus).
Material examined: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Experimental Station ZF-2, Km 14, 02°35′21″S, 60°06′55′′W, Malaise trap, 15-28.ii.2017, legs. J.A. Rafael & F.F. Xavier, 2 ♁♁ (INPA). Tocantins: Palmas, Igarapé da Onça, 02-14.vi.2016, 48°15′31.10″W, 10°06′44.50″S, 596m a.s.l., Malaise trap, legs. S. R. M Couceiro, G. Amora, 2 ♁♁ (INPA); Igarapé do Gilson, 02-14.vi.2016, 48°12′45.40″W, 10°10′24.80″S, 586m a.s.l., Malaise trap, legs. S. R. M Couceiro, G. Amora, 1 ♁ (INPA).
Remarks. In the illustrations (Fig. 9), we present several variations of the anal point, as well as the superior volsella and the digitus of Tanytarsus rafaeli, in the dorsal and ventral aspects, with individual parts marked with colours to avoid overinterpretation of these diagnostic characters in the future. For justification of including T. rafaeli to the kiche group see remarks to T. marianae (above), both species considered here as morphologically close.
description: Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Hamada, Neusa & Giłka, Wojciech, 2023, Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Chironomidae, Diptera): new species from the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil, new records from the Neotropics, and remarks on the taxonomy of the genus, pp. 115-139 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7864357
Tanytarsus giovannii Sanseverino et Trivinho-Strixino 2010
Creators: name: Dantas, Galileu P. S.
name: Hamada, Neusa
name: Giłka, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Tanytarsus
Tanytarsus giovannii

description: Tanytarsus giovannii Sanseverino et Trivinho-Strixino, 2010
(Fig. 10A–E)
Tanytarsus giovannii Sanseverino et Trivinho-Strixino, 2010: 71 (adult male, pupa, larva; Brazil, S„o Paulo State, S„o Carlos); Trivinho-Strixino et al. (2015): 100 (Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá); Lin et al. (2018): 6, 9, 10, 13, 16 (molecular systematics).
Material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Carlos, Ecological Park of São Carlos, 21°59′10″S, 47°52′51′′W, manual collection in freshwater sponge, 01.iii.2006, leg. L.M. Fusari, 1 ♁ with pupal and larval exuviae (INPA).
Remarks. To the recently established curvicristatus group we here include one more species, Tanytarsus giovannii, the adult male of which fits well into the group diagnosis (Dantas et al. 2022). The hypopygial anal point crests are short and broad, rounded, flake-shaped, the anterior (smaller) bar is present, the posterior (larger) bar is branched and anteriorly directed and turned up, spinulae are absent, and the superior volsella has the well-developed posteromedian corner (cf. Fig. 10 and Sanseverino & Trivinho-Strixino 2010, fig. 11–14). The group diagnosis should be amended with one character—the length of the digitus that in T. giovannii is relatively long and extends beyond the concave median margin of the superior volsella (Fig. 10D). In the curvicristatus group, the anterior bar of the anal point can take a variety of interesting shapes, from a pine cone or grub to a form of a spine bunch.
Interestingly, Tanytarsus giovannii, along with two morphologically undefined Tanytarsus, has been postulated as a separate giovannii group based on molecular data, though T. giovannii has been reported as morphologically similar to T. curvicristatus and T. pseudocurvicristatus, and a cluster of T. giovannii + the two unnamed species has been presented as sister to T. curvircistatus (Lin et al. 2018). In light of the recent definition of the curvicristatus group (Dantas et al. 2022) and the supplementation presented here, we see no reason to sustain the giovannii group based on two morphologically undefined and unnamed species. In the aftermath, the curvicristatus group is consisted of five Neotropical species: Tanytarsus curvicristatus Contreras-Lichtenberg, 1988, T. germani Dantas, Amat, Hamada et Giłka, 2022, T. giovannii Sanseverino et Trivinho-Strixino, 2010, T. gnomon Dantas, Amat, Hamada et Giłka, 2022, and T. pseudocurvicristatus Trivinho-Strixino, Wiedenbrug et da Silva, 2015.
description: Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Hamada, Neusa & Giłka, Wojciech, 2023, Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Chironomidae, Diptera): new species from the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil, new records from the Neotropics, and remarks on the taxonomy of the genus, pp. 115-139 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on pages 136-137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7864357
Empis Linnaeus
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Empis

description: Genus Empis Linnaeus
Diagnostic characters. Proboscis long and very slender, heavily sclerotized, labrum much longer than head is high, labella slender; bristles present on the laterotergite; vein R4+5 forked, cell cup as long as or nearly as long as second basal cell, never only half as long.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Empis
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Empis

description: Key to the Empis subgenera of Iran
(adapted from Chvála (1994))
1 Anal lobe of wing well developed, alular incision acute; in doubtful cases, then antennal stylus long, at least half as long as 3rd segment............................................................................................ 2
- Anal lobe of wing less developed, alular excision obtuse, at least 90° or more; 3rd antennal segment elongate, stylus very short; large yellow species (Xanthempis) with long slender legs and no acrostichal bristles, or small black species (Lissempis) with hind tibiae apically and hind basitarsi very dilated........................................................... 5
2 Veins R4+5 and M1, very diverging at wing-tip, radial fork acute, and vein R4 often S-shaped, usually strongly bristled species, at least hind tibiae spinose and (except Pachymeria Stephens), abdomen with distinct hind marginal bristles................ 3
- Veins R4+5 and M1, almost parallel towards wing-tip, or at least not very diverging, radial fork not acute, rather open; not very bristly species, legs covered rather with bristly- hairs, and no hind-marginal bristles on abdominal tergites...... Empis s.str.
3 Prosternum completely covered with hairs; dark mesonotal stripes, if present, usually along the lines of bristles.......... 4
- Only sides of prosternum with hairs, central part between fore coxae bare; dark mesonotal stripes between the lines of bristles, or yellow species............................................................................ Polyblepharis
4 Eyes meeting on frons in males, females dichoptic; large to medium-sized strongly bristled species; hind femora not swollen, and hind tibiae spinose; abdomen with distinct hind-marginal bristles...................................... Euempis
- Head broadly dichoptic in both sexes. Medium- sized, rather short but densely pubescent species, legs not distinctly bristled, hind femora often strongly dilated and hind tibiae with a bent knee, no hind-marginal bristles on abdomen..... Pachymeria
5 Generally large (4–8 mm) species with ground-colour yellow. Legs mostly yellow, without black pattern, covered with sparse, minute hairs and bristles, hind tibia and tarsi without dilated; acrostichal bristles usually absent............... Xanthempis
- Smaller (about 4 mm) black species. Legs yellow with a black pattern, covered with long dense pubescence, and hind tibiae and tarsi dilated; acrostichal bristles present.......................................................... Lissempis
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Euempis Frey
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Euempis

description: Subgenus Euempis Frey
The subgenus Euempis (with E. tessellata Fabricius, 1794 as type-species) currently includes 20 species. Only one species (E. spiralis Collin, 1937) 1937 was previously known from Iran (Shamshev & Grootaert 2005). We found E. tessellata for the first time in Iran, though the species is very common and widely distributed species in the Palaearctic.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Empis (Euempis) tessellata Fabricius
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Empis
Empis tessellata

description: Empis (Euempis) tessellata Fabricius
Empis tessellata Fabricius, 1794: 405.
Material examined. IRAN: 2 ♂, East Azerbaijan, Aynali region (located in western part of Qaradagh forest): N38°55.725', E 46°47.589', 1358 m, 14.vi.2010 (ICHMM).
Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Throughout the Palaearctic.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Lissempis Bezzi
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Lissempis

description: Subgenus Lissempis Bezzi
The subgenus Lissempis (with E. nigritarsis Meigen, 1804 as type-species) currently includes seven species (Chvála 2002; Shamshev & Kustov 2013). Only one species (E. liosoma Bezzi, 1909) was previously recorded from Iran (Qsar-l-shirin) (Raffone 2007). We describe below a new species of Lissempis collected from the Province Guilan, which is situated on the north-west of Iran lying along the Caspian Sea. Also we provide an updated key to species of Lissempis.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Pachymeria Stephens
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Pachymeria

description: Subgenus Pachymeria Stephens
The subgenus Pachymeria (with E. femorata Fabricius, 1798 as type-species) currently includes 13 species (Chvála & Wagner 1989). We found for the first time two species of this subgenus from Iran.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Empis (Pachymeria) mediterranea Loew
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Empis
Empis mediterranea

description: Empis (Pachymeria) mediterranea (Loew)
Pachymeria mediterranea Loew, 1864: 364.
Material examined. IRAN: 4 ♂, East Azerbaijan, Oskulu region (located in near center of Qaradagh forests): N38°53.736', E46°48.860', 1859 m, 20.vii.2011 (ICHMM & TMUC).
Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Greece (including Corfu), Iran, Lebanon, Russia (Krasnodar), Spain, Turkey.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on pages 190-191, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Empis (Pachymeria) obscuripes Loew
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Empis
Empis obscuripes

description: Empis (Pachymeria) obscuripes (Loew)
Pachymeria obscuripes Loew, 1873: 218.
Material examined. IRAN: 3 ♂, East Azerbaijan, Kandovan, N 37°44.01', E 46°19.1', 3000 m a.s.l., 12.v.2013 (ICHMM).
Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Iran, Russia (Krasnodar), Turkey.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 191, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Polyblepharis Bezzi
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Polyblepharis

description: Subgenus Polyblepharis Bezzi
The subgenus Polyblepharis (with E. albicans Meigen, 1822 as type-species) currently includes 70 species. Only two species (E. brandti Shamshev & Grootaert, 2005 and E. turanica Shamshev & Grootaert, 2005) have been recorded from Iran (Shamshev & Grootaert 2005). We found for the first time four other species of this subgenus from Iran.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 191, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Empis (Polyblepharis) dedecor Loew
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Empis
Empis dedecor

description: Empis (Polyblepharis) dedecor Loew
Empis dedecor Loew, 1869: 55.
Empis (Polyblepharis) damascena Collin, 1937: 136.
Empis (Polyblepharis) dedecor: Chvála 1999: 154 (re-description, lectotype designation).
Material examined. IRAN: 1 ♂, East Azerbaijan, Kandovan, N37°44.231', E46°19.123', 3005 m a.s.l, 25.vi.2013 (ICHMM).
Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Greece, Iran, Israel, Syria, Turkey.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 191, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Empis (Polyblepharis) engeli Chvala
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Empis
Empis engeli

description: Empis (Polyblepharis) engeli Chvála
Empis (Polyblepharis) engeli Chvála, 1999: 160, fig. 9.
Material examined. IRAN: 5 ♂, 4 ♀, East Azerbaijan, Chichekli (located in west part of Qaradagh forests): N38°37.169', E46°26.536', 1534 m, 21.vii.2012 (ICHMM & TMUC).
Distribution: PALAEARCTIC: Greece, Iran, Turkey.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 191, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Empis (Polyblepharis) soror Collin
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Empis
Empis soror

description: Empis (Polyblepharis) soror Collin
Empis (Polyblepharis) soror Collin, 1937: 138.
Polyblepharis sororia Collin, 1960: 398.
Empis (Polyblepharis) soror Collin: Chvála, 1999: 198 (re-description, lectotype designation).
Material examined. IRAN: 6 ♂, 2 ♀, East Azerbaijan, Chichekli (western part of Qaradagh forests): N38°31.367', E46°32.111', 1733 m, 03.vii.2013 (ICHMM & TMUC).
Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Iran, Israel, Turkey.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 191, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
Empis (Polyblepharis) spirifera Bezzi
Creators: name: Kazerani, Farzaneh
name: Khaghaninia, Samad
name: Talebi, Ali Asghar
name: Shamshev, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Empididae
Empis
Empis spirifera

description: Empis (Polyblepharis) spirifera Bezzi
Empis spirifera Bezzi, 1909: 54.
Empis (Polyblepharis) spirifera Bezzi: Chvála, 1999: 201, figs 25–27 (re-description).
Material examined. IRAN: 4 ♂, 5 ♀, East Azerbaijan, Mekidi valley (centre of Qaradagh forest): N38°50.487', E46°54.189', 1656 m, 19.vii.2011 (ICHMM & TMUC).
Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Lebanon, Iran, Israel, Syria, Turkey.
description: Published as part of Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar & Shamshev, Igor, 2014, New data on Empis Linnaeus (Diptera: Empididae) from Iran, with description of a new species of the subgenus Lissempis Bezzi, pp. 185-193 in Zootaxa 3884 (2) on page 192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225533
title: Filmfestival „Zerkalo“: Die russische Peripherie im Fokus
Creators: name: Bauer, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst Slavistik
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Meždunarodnyj kinofestivalʹ im. Andreja Tarkovskogo "Zerkalo" 13. (2019) Iwanowo, Russland
subject: 491.8

description: Wie macht man das – ein internationales Filmfestival in einer Stadt, die abseits der kulturellen Zentren Russlands, Moskau und Sankt Petersburg, liegt? Das XIII. Internationale Andrej Tarkovskij Filmfestival, das nach Tarkovskijs Film “Zerkalo”(dt. Spiegel) benannt ist und jährlich in Ivanovo stattfindet, hat im vergangenen Juni bewiesen, dass dies sehr wohl möglich ist – dank des leidenschaftlichen Einsatzes eines neu aufgestellten Festivalteams aus St. Petersburg und unter Einschluss einer engagierten lokalen Kulturszene.
description: novinkinachgegangen
Amicta chambiana Arnscheid & Rajaei & Sobczyk 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Arnscheid, Wilfried R.
name: Rajaei, Hossein
name: Sobczyk, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Psychidae
Amicta
Amicta chambiana

description: Amicta chambiana sp. nov.
Figs 10, 24
Type material. Holotype: ♂, Tunesien, ca. 10 km W Kasserine, unterh. Chambi NP, 800 m, 10.x.2006, leg. J. Gelbrecht, T. Drechsel & D. Stadie (GU 124-2021 Sobczyk).
Paratypes: 11 ♂, same data as holotype, 8 ♂, Tunesien, Prov. Kaserine, Wadi am Djebel Chambi, 850 m, 12 km südl. Kaserine 08. –11.x.2006, leg. D. Stadie, J. Gelbrecht & T. Drechsel (in coll. Stadie, Gelbrecht, Drechsel, CTS, CWA, SMNS).
Diagnosis. ♂. Wingspan 21.0– 23.5 mm (average: 22.6 mm), forewing length 10.6–11.0 mm, width 5.4–6.0 mm (average 5.6 mm), FI 1.88–1.98 (average 1.94 mm). Head EI 0.72–0.77 (average 0.74). Antennae length 6.2–7.4 mm, 38–43 segments without pedicellus and scapus. The pecten very long, 1.4 mm. The longest pecten 10 times of segment diameter. Thorax and abdomen densely covered with long pale brown hairs. Forewings broad, costal margin almost straight, apex rounded, termen curved. All wings brownish, forewing costal margin darker, thinly scaled with hair-like scales (class 1–2 after Sauter & Hättenschwiler 1999), scales mostly with two dentations, partially with one or three dentations. Fringes lighter greyish brown, long, with 3 dentations, the middle of them mostly broader and larger. Abdomen densely covered with long pale brown hairs.
Male genitalia. (GU 124-2021 Sobczyk): 2.1 mm length, elongated in general appearance, tegumen rounded distally, laterally bulging, covered with short hairs. Valvae long and clearly extended beyond the distal end of the tegumen. The valvae are apically rounded and covered with short setae. Sacculus closure elongated, slender, distally narrower and apically with four short thorns.Anellus short, pointed. Vinculum broad, laterally evenly curved. Saccus elongated, slightly wider distally. Phallus longer as genitalia length (2.3 mm), straight or slightly bent, with distinct roundish enlargement caudally, vesica with short cornuti.
Discussion. A small species (wingspan 21.0– 23.5 mm) with relatively short and wide wings (FI below 2.0) and thus differ from the similar species (FI above 2.0). The species is also characterized at first glance by its relatively monochrome, densely scaled brown wings.
Distribution. As far as known from the type locality in Tunisian.
Bionomics. Unknown
Etymology. The species is named after the type locality.The Djebel Chambi (arabic: Dschebel asch-Schaʿânabî) is a mountain range with the national park of the same name, in which the highest point in Tunisia is located at 1544 meters.
description: Published as part of Arnscheid, Wilfried R., Rajaei, Hossein & Sobczyk, Thomas, 2021, A taxonomic review of the genus Amicta Heylaerts, 1881 in North Africa, Near and Middle East (Lepidoptera, Psychidae, Oiketicinae, Acanthopsychini), pp. 349-368 in Zootaxa 5071 (3) on page 361, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5071.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5723760
Amicta mauretanica Rothschild 1913
Creators: name: Arnscheid, Wilfried R.
name: Rajaei, Hossein
name: Sobczyk, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Psychidae
Amicta
Amicta mauretanica

description: Amicta mauretanica Rothschild, 1913
Figs 11, 25
Amicta murina mauretanica Rothschild, 1913: 133. Type loc.: Algeria, Bou Saada. Holotype in NHM (examined by photo).
Material examined: 1 ♂ SE Algeria, Illizi env. Queed Iimhirou, 600 m, 08.xii.2003 (GP 4121 Arnscheid) (MWM). 1 ♂, 5 larval cases, Marokko, Guelmin es Semara, Tata, 29°45’N, 7°58’W, leg. Bläsius, 1 ♂ Marokko, Anti-Atlas, Izmir, 700 m, M10.2016, e.l. 08.xi.2011, 5 larval cases, Marokko, Tinerbir, 10.vi.1996, leg. E. Bettag, 3 larval cases, Marokko, Tasla AA, b. Agadir, 1000 m, iii.2012, leg. R. Bläsius (CTS).
Diagnosis. Male wingspan 22–24 mm (26 mm), forewing length 11 mm (12.5 mm), width 5 mm (5.7 mm), FI 2.2. Forewings stretched, slender, costal margin slightly straight, apex roundish, termen oblique. All wings yellowish mouse-grey, fine thinly scaled with hair-like scales, partly bifurcate (class 1 after Sauter & Hättenschwiler 1999), more densely along the costal margin. Fringes darker grey, glossy, with 4–6 dentations. Thorax and abdomen densely covered with light brownish grey hair. EI 0.95 (Morocco species; one eye destroyed in the Algerian species, EI appr. 1.0). Antennae length 6 mm (5.5 mm), 40–42 segments without pedicellus and scapus. Pecten short, 0.3 (1.15) mm. Female: unknown.
Male genitalia. Elongate in general appearance, tegumen distinctly indented distally, slightly folded laterally and distally, covered with short hair. Valvae long, extending far beyond the distal end of tegumen, roundish apically and covered with short setae. Clasper of sacculus elongate, slender, narrower distally and covered with short spines apically. Anellus short, pointed. Vinculum broad, nearly rectangular. Saccus long, stretched and distinctly pointed. Phallus of genitalia length or longer, slightly bent, with distinct roundish enlargement caudally, vesica with short cornuti.
Distribution. Authentic material are exclusively available to us from Algeria and Morocco. It is also mentioned in literature from Morocco (Daniel & Witt, 1975) and Libya (Turati & Krüger, 1936).
Discussion. Markable are the different wingspan between the examined specimens. This is a noticeable phenomen also in Oiketicoides species from the mentioned areas and probably a result of food scarcity in their mostly dry habitats.
description: Published as part of Arnscheid, Wilfried R., Rajaei, Hossein & Sobczyk, Thomas, 2021, A taxonomic review of the genus Amicta Heylaerts, 1881 in North Africa, Near and Middle East (Lepidoptera, Psychidae, Oiketicinae, Acanthopsychini), pp. 349-368 in Zootaxa 5071 (3) on pages 361-362, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5071.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5723760
Amicta quadrangularis
Creators: name: Arnscheid, Wilfried R.
name: Rajaei, Hossein
name: Sobczyk, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Psychidae
Amicta
Amicta quadrangularis

description: Amicta quadrangularis (Christoph, 1873)
Figs 13, 27
Psyche quadrangularis Christoph, 1873: 32. Type loc.: Iran, Schahrud. Syntype NHM (examined by photo).
Psyche quadrangularis Staudinger 1874: 92
Material examined. 1 ♂ (Turkmenistan) Krasnowodsk, Transcaspia, Krasnowodsk mys Sarta, e.l. 23.ix.1928, leg. Vlassow (ex coll. Daniel) (GP 4126 Arnscheid); 1 ♂ Israel, Kare Deshe, ix.1966, leg. Kugler (GU 2676 Hättenschwiler 2008).
Diagnosis. Male wingspan 24–26 mm, Forewing length 12 mm, width 5 mm (11 and 4.5), FI 2.4 to 2.44. Forewings stretched; this species has the most slender wings in the genus, costal margin straight or very slightly concave, apex roundish, termen oblique. All wings translucent, very thinly scaled with triangular or long ovoid scales (class 2–3 after Sauter 1956), more densely along the costal margin. Fringes broad, distal rounded, translucent greyish, glossy, with 4–6 fine dentations (class 5–6 after Sauter 1956). Hindwings with pointed apex and oblique termen, slightly indented in the second half. Scales analogous to forewings, fringes somewhat narrower. Thorax and abdomen densely covered with dark brownish grey hair. Eyes small, roundish, EI 1.2. Antennae of nearly half length of costal margin, 46 segments without pedicellus and scapus. Pecten short, 0.3 mm (0.85 mm).
Male genitalia. (GP Arnscheid 4126) Elongate in general appearance, tegumen distinctly indented distally, slightly folded laterally and distally, covered with short hair. Valvae short, not extending beyond the distal end of tegumen, roundish apically and covered with short setae. Clasper of sacculus elongate, slender, narrower distally and covered with short spines apically. Anellus short, pointed. Vinculum weak trapezoid. Saccus long, stretched and distinctly pointed. Phallus of genitalia length or longer, slightly bent, with distinct roundish enlargement caudally, vesica with short cornuti.
Distribution. The type locality of A. quadrangularis is Iran. We found two further specimen in the MWM from Turkmenistan and Israel. This shows a larger geographic range that should be cleared in future studies and based on larger set of material.
description: Published as part of Arnscheid, Wilfried R., Rajaei, Hossein & Sobczyk, Thomas, 2021, A taxonomic review of the genus Amicta Heylaerts, 1881 in North Africa, Near and Middle East (Lepidoptera, Psychidae, Oiketicinae, Acanthopsychini), pp. 349-368 in Zootaxa 5071 (3) on page 363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5071.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5723760
ISSUES OF POPULARIZATION OF ADDITIONAL TYPES OF SERVICES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNICATIVE ENVIRONMENT IN MUSEUMS OF UZBEKISTAN
Creators: name: Mukhamedova, Munisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The development of museum communication, the expansion of viewer visits, on the basis of which increasing its income are considered the basis of museum tourism. According to its communicative function, museums are not only historically significant, but also serve the active participation of modern man in socio-cultural processes, ensuring harmony with society. Expanding the range of activities of modern museums in Uzbekistan will increase the demand for cultural tourism resources and expand the employment of not only museum staff, but also art managers, designers, artists, art critics.
Amicta davarica Solyanikov 2002, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Arnscheid, Wilfried R.
name: Rajaei, Hossein
name: Sobczyk, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Psychidae
Amicta
Amicta davarica

description: Amicta davarica Solyanikov (2002) comb. nov.
Figs 1, 17-A, 30
Hyalopteronia davarica Solyanikov, 2002: 745, figs 1, 2. Type loc.: Iran, Hormozgan prov., Beshagerd Mts. Davari vil., 26°27’ N 57°38’E, 06.- 11.04.2000, leg. V. Siniaev & A. Plutenko (holotype in ZMUM).
Material examined. 3 ♂, S Iran, Sistan-o-Belujistan [Balichistan] prov., Takhte Malek vic., 750 m, 20.–21.iii.2013, leg, O. Legezin. (CTS) (GU 120-2021 Sobczyk).
Diagnosis. Male wingspan 22–22,5mm, forewing length 11.5–12.1 mm, width 4.9–5.3 mm, FI 2.3 mm Forewings stretched, slender, costal margin nearly straight, apex slightly pointed, termen oblique. All wings translucent, extremely sparsely covered with scales. A little more along the veins. Veins whitish, anterior and posterior margin densely covered with blackish-brown scales (class 1 after Sauter & Hättenschwiler 1999), more densely scaled along the costal margin. Fringes lighter grey, long, with 3–5 dentations. Thorax and abdomen densely covered with long blackish hair-like scales. Only femur and tibia ventrally paler greyish. EI 0.74 (original description 0.8). Antennae length 5.8–6.3 mm, 45–49 segments without pedicellus and scapus. Pecten long, 0.9 mm. The longest pecten of 7 time of segment diameter.
Male genitalia (GU 120-2021 Sobczyk). Oblong triangular, 2.9 mm length, 1.05 mm wide at the valvae base. Tegumen broad, indented distally, with several short setae. The valvae protrude beyond the posterior margin of the tegumen, apically rounded and covered with short setae. Sacculus straight but curved inwardly at the base, distally with four inwardly curved thorns. Anellus rounded, with scattered single setae. Vinculum elongated, almost rectangular. Saccus elongated, rounded distally. Phallus 3.5 mm, longer as entire genital length, tubular, somewhat broader basally and distally, evenly curved. Vesica about 2/3 length of the phallus densely covered with short pointed cornuti.
Larval case. Unknown.
Distribution. Only known from southern to south-eastern Iran, along the coasts of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.
description: Published as part of Arnscheid, Wilfried R., Rajaei, Hossein & Sobczyk, Thomas, 2021, A taxonomic review of the genus Amicta Heylaerts, 1881 in North Africa, Near and Middle East (Lepidoptera, Psychidae, Oiketicinae, Acanthopsychini), pp. 349-368 in Zootaxa 5071 (3) on page 365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5071.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5723760
Amicta acutella Kruger 1939, stat. rev.
Creators: name: Arnscheid, Wilfried R.
name: Rajaei, Hossein
name: Sobczyk, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Psychidae
Amicta
Amicta acutella

description: Amicta acutella Krüger, 1939 stat. rev.
Fig. 17-B
Amicta acutella Krüger 1939: 329, pl. 14, fig. 38. Type loc.: Libya, Bir Dufan, Wadi Sofeggin, (syntypes not available, Arnscheid & Sobczyk, 2020).
Description (after Krüger 1939: 329): “12 M(ales), in coll Mus. Libico. Origin: Bir Dufan, Wadi Sofeggin, end of September. Wingspan 20–23 mm. Head, Thorax and abdomen clear brown. Forewings monochrome, the hindwings darker. The antennae are darker, bipectinate and tapered near the tip. Rearside of the wings darker, monochrome. Acutella is similar to mauretanica, which I had collected after Graf Turati already in 1925 in Porto Bradia and which I have had assorted under Amicta murina in the catalogue of the Lepidoptera in Libya and from which she have now to be eliminated.“
Discussion. On the basis of the description and the figure this taxon is distinctly different by the characteristic unique wing-shape and, therefore, to all specimen examined by us. As Krüger told, he have collected 12 males (probably of unique shape) and, hence, it is very improbable that it is only an individual form of A. maliarda as de Freina (1989) mentioned. Moreover, Krüger knew A. maliarda at its best because he described it himself. Due to the wingspan it is somewhat slightly similar to A. mauretanica but conspecifity is not provable without dissection of the genitalia. The type locality is situated ca. 150 km south-east of Tripolis and ca. 20 km away from the Mediterranean coast. From our point of view A. acutella is most likely a separate species and in no way a synonym of A. maliarda. Unfortunately actual material was not available for this study and it is, therefore, not unlikely that further studies will show that A. acutella is a synonym of A. mauretanica.
Updated checklist of the genus Amicta with roughly distribution pattern (Countries of origin, where the type localities are located there are bolded):
description: Published as part of Arnscheid, Wilfried R., Rajaei, Hossein & Sobczyk, Thomas, 2021, A taxonomic review of the genus Amicta Heylaerts, 1881 in North Africa, Near and Middle East (Lepidoptera, Psychidae, Oiketicinae, Acanthopsychini), pp. 349-368 in Zootaxa 5071 (3) on pages 365-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5071.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5723760
Amicta Heylaerts 1881
Creators: name: Arnscheid, Wilfried R.
name: Rajaei, Hossein
name: Sobczyk, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Psychidae
Amicta

description: Amicta Heylaerts, 1881
Hyalopteronia Solyanikov, 2002 syn nov.
A. acutella Krüger, 1939 stat. rev. Libya
A. arabica (Wiltshire, 1949) stat. rev. Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE, Djibouti, Oman A. bouhedmaensis sp. nov. Tunisia
A. cabrerai (Rebel, 1894) Spain, Canary Islands Teneriffa, Gran Canaria, La Palma Amicta chambiana sp. nov. Tunisia
A. davarica (Solyanikov, 2002) comb. nov. Iran
A. gara Monasterio et al., 2020 Spain, Canary Islands, La Gomera
A. lutensis sp. nov. Iran
A. maliarda Turati & Krüger, 1936 Libya = A. caliginosa Krüger, 1939
A. mauretanica Rothschild, 1913 Algeria, Libya, Morocco
A. moneiba Monasterio et al., 2020 Spain, Canary Islands, El Hierro
A. murina (Klug, 1830) Egypt, Algeria, UAE, Palestine, Tunisia, Morocco, Libya (HT syrtana) = Psyche quadrangularis var. albescens Staudinger, 1900 = A. murina falkneri Koçak, 1980 = A. syrtana Krüger, 1939 comb. nov. et syn. nov
A. quadrangularis (Christoph, 1873) Iran, Armenia, Israel, Syria, Turkmenistan
A. nigrescens Staudinger, 1900 stat. rev. Azerbaijan
A. sericata Hättenschwiler & Alemansoor, 2006 Iran
description: Published as part of Arnscheid, Wilfried R., Rajaei, Hossein & Sobczyk, Thomas, 2021, A taxonomic review of the genus Amicta Heylaerts, 1881 in North Africa, Near and Middle East (Lepidoptera, Psychidae, Oiketicinae, Acanthopsychini), pp. 349-368 in Zootaxa 5071 (3) on page 366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5071.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5723760
Oocyclus pilosus Jordao, Clarkson & Ferreira-Jr 2018
Creators: name: Alencar, Janderson Batista R.
name: Short, Andrew Edward Z.
name: Hamada, Neusa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Oocyclus
Oocyclus pilosus

description: Oocyclus pilosus Jordão, Clarkson & Ferreira-Jr, 2018
Material examined. (4 exs.): “ BRASIL: MINAS GERAIS, Parque Estadual Serra do Cabral, Waterfall of Demir, long -44.211975 lat -17.920439, 833 m a.s.l., rock-face seepages, 14.iv.2019, leg. J.B. R. Alencar ” (1 ex. INPA, in alcohol); “ PARNA Serra do Gandarela, Waterfall of Dona Chica, long -43.688806, lat -20.138139, 1165 m a.s.l., rock-face seepages, 14.vi.2019, leg. J.B. R. Alencar” (2 exs. INPA, in alcohol); “Serro, Waterfall of Esteira, long -43.492306, lat -18.571306, 1037m a.s.l., rock-face seepages, 31.iii.2020, leg. J.B. R. Alencar” (1 ex. INPA, in alcohol).
Remarks. First record of the O. pilosus from the state of Minas Gerais.
description: Published as part of Alencar, Janderson Batista R., Short, Andrew Edward Z. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield, pp. 275-305 in Zootaxa 5087 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5824101
Oocyclus xanthus Clarkson & Short 2012
Creators: name: Alencar, Janderson Batista R.
name: Short, Andrew Edward Z.
name: Hamada, Neusa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Oocyclus
Oocyclus xanthus

description: Oocyclus xanthus Clarkson & Short, 2012
Material examined (7 exs.): “ BRASIL: MINAS GERAIS, Serro, Waterfall de Esteira, long -43.492306, lat - 18.571306, 1037 m a.s.l., rock-face seepages, 31.iii.2020, leg. J.B. R. Alencar” (1 ex. INPA, in alcohol); “ Pernambuco, Bonito, long -35.726722, lat -8.516972, 770 m a.s.l., 03.v.2014, leg. J.O. Silva; J.M.C. Nascimento; N. Hamada,” (6 exs. INPA, in alcohol).
Remarks. First record of the O. xanthus Clarkson & Short, 2012 from the state of Pernambuco.
description: Published as part of Alencar, Janderson Batista R., Short, Andrew Edward Z. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield, pp. 275-305 in Zootaxa 5087 (2) on pages 300-301, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5824101
Spintharinae
Creators: name: Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.
name: Rosas, MARÍA V.
name: Contreras-Ramos, Atilano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Key to the genera of Spintharinae
(Modified from Levi & Levi 1962)
1. Opisthosoma straight in lateral view, with median or posterior humps (Fig. 8D-F)............................ Episinus
- Opisthosoma inclined or vertical in lateral view, with humps on anterior, median or posterior position, on all three positions, or missing (Figs. 8A-C, 9A-D, 10A-D)......................................................................2
2. Eyes in dorsal view in two parallel rows (Saaristo 2006, figs. 45-47)........................................ Moneta
- Eyes in dorsal view with a different arrangement (procurved or recurved) (Fig. 6A-D)...............................3
3. Posterior median eyes close to laterals (closer to laterals than with each other) (Fig. 6C, D) ................... Stemmops
- Posterior median eyes far from laterals (closer between each other than with respect to laterals) (Fig. 6A, B)............4
4. Opisthosoma higher than wide (in lateral view) (Levi & Levi 1962, fig. 212).............................. Thwaitesia
- Opisthosoma longer than wide (in lateral view) .............................................................. 5
5. Carapace flat and almost circular in outline (in dorsal view) (Levi 1954b, figs. 46,47)....................... Spintharus
- Carapace convex, sometimes highest in thoracic region, subtriangular in outline (in dorsal view) (Levi 1954a, figs. 10, 11, 19-25)........................................................................................ Chrosiothes
description: Published as part of Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V. & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano, 2013, Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera, pp. 171-193 in Zootaxa 3666 on page 185, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2
Spintharinae Hentz 1850
Creators: name: Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.
name: Rosas, MARÍA V.
name: Contreras-Ramos, Atilano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiidae

description: Spintharinae Hentz, 1850
(Figs. 8, 9, 10 A)
The subfamily Spintharinae is conformed by the genera Chrosiothes Simon, 1894; Episinus Walckenaer, in Latreille, 1809; Moneta O. P.-Cambridge, 1870; Spintharus Hentz, 1850; Thwaitesia O. P.-Cambridge, 1881 and Stemmops O. P.-Cambridge, 1894. Unambiguous synapomorphies include (Agnarsson 2004): conductor huge and folded (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 46A-D; fig. 90F-G), cheliceral base thin (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 84 C), colulus small or replaced by two setae (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 70 A), tarsal comb bristles with dorsal margin notched (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 84 E), web modified (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 97 A), and outermost fiber of the egg sac loosely spun (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 88 C).
description: Published as part of Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V. & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano, 2013, Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera, pp. 171-193 in Zootaxa 3666 on page 185, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2
Episinus Walckenaer, in Latreille 1809
Creators: name: Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.
name: Rosas, MARÍA V.
name: Contreras-Ramos, Atilano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiidae
Episinus

description: Episinus Walckenaer, in Latreille, 1809
(Fig. 8D-F)
Walckenaer, in Latreille, 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, vol. 4, p. 371. Type species by monotypy: E. truncates Latreille, 1809, ibid.
Diagnosis. The opisthosoma is straight in relation to the location of the pedicel while in all other spintharine genera it is inclined. Also, the posterior portion of the opisthosoma is widest in dorsal view (Fig. 8D-E), while in the remaining genera the widest portion is anterior or in the middle. An “H” -like architecture of the web is shared with Thwaitesia and Spintharus. Levi (1954a, 1964a) included the characters horns between the anterior eyes, eyes often on tubercles, and eyes with reddish pigment, as diagnostic characters, all of which we could not observe in the specimens examined.
Distribution. Worldwide, mainly in warmer areas; relatively species rich in North, Central, and South America, poorly known from the Caribbean (Platnick 2013).
Material examined. Episius amoenus: MEXICO, Hidalgo, 10-20 miles south of Jacala, 20 July 1956, V. Roth & W. Gertsch, 1 ♂ (AMNH). U. S. A., North Carolina, Buncombe County, Valley 2 1/ 2 mi S of Black Mt., 2400 m, 23 June 1951, A. F. Archer, 1 ♀ (AMNH). E. bruneoviridis: PANAMA, C[anal] Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 3-20 April 1953, A. M. Nadler, 1 ♀ (AMNH). E. cognatus: MEXICO, Jalisco, Estaciôn de Biologia Chamela, 7 August 1989, S. Guzman, 1 ♂ (CNAN); same data but 16 August 1989, S. Guzman, 1 ♂ (CNAN); same data but 29 October 1989, S. Guzman, 1 ♂ (CNAN); same data but 15 November 1990, S. Guzman, 2 ♂ (CNAN); same data but 15 November 1990, S. Guzman, 2 ♂ (CNAN); same data but 02 June 1998, J. L. Castelo, 2 ♀, 3 ♂ (CNAN); same data but 02 September 1998, S. Guzman, 1 ♀ (CNAN); Jalisco, Mpio. La Huerta, Estaciôn de Biologia Chamela, Sendero del Tejôn, 19.50501° N, 105.08326° W, 3 October 2010, R. Paredes, G. Montiel-Parra, D. Barrales, G. Contreras, 1 ♀ (CNAN); same data but 4 October 2010, R. Paredes, G. Montiel-Parra, D. Barrales, G. Contreras, 1 ♀ [diurnal collecting] (CNAN). E. erythrophthalmus. PANAMA, Canal Zone, Forest Reserve, 4-6 July 1939, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (AMNH).
description: Published as part of Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V. & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano, 2013, Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera, pp. 171-193 in Zootaxa 3666 on pages 186-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2