cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Topotactic transformation of single-crystals: from perovskite to infinite-layer nickelates
Creators: name: Puphal, Pascal
name: Wu, Yu-Mi
name: Fürsich, Katrin
name: Lee, Hangoo
name: Pakdaman, Mohammad
name: Bruin, Jan A. N.
name: Nuss, Jürgen
name: Suyolcu, Y. Eren
name: van Aken, Peter A.
name: Keimer, Bernhard
name: Isobe, Masahiko
name: Hepting, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topotactic transformations between related crystal structures are a powerful emerging route for the synthesis of novel quantum materials. Whereas most such "soft chemistry" experiments have been carried out on polycrystalline powders or thin films, the topotactic modification of single crystals -- the gold standard for physical property measurements on quantum materials -- has proven remarkably difficult. Here, we report the topotactic reduction of La$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$NiO$_3$ single-crystals to La$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$NiO$_{2+δ}$ using CaH$_2$ as the reducing agent. The transformation from the three-dimensional perovskite to the quasi-two-dimensional infinite-layer phase was thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, magnetometry, and electrical transport measurements. Our work demonstrates that the infinite-layer structure can be realized as a bulk phase in crystals with micrometer-sized single-domains. The electronic properties of these specimens resemble those of epitaxial thin films rather than powders with similar compositions.
The Current Status of Asteroseismology
Creators: name: Aerts, C.
name: Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
name: Cunha, M.
name: Kurtz, D. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar evolution, a fundamental bedrock of modern astrophysics, is driven by the physical processes in stellar interiors. While we understand these processes in general terms, we lack some important ingredients. Seemingly small uncertainties in the input physics of the models, e.g., the opacities or the amount of mixing and of interior rotation, have large consequences for the evolution of stars. The goal of asteroseismology is to improve the description of the interior physics of stars by means of their oscillations, just as global helioseismology led to a huge step forward in our knowledge about the internal structure of the Sun. In this paper we present the current status of asteroseismology by considering case studies of stars with a variety of masses and evolutionary stages. In particular, we outline how the confrontation between the observed oscillation frequencies and those predicted by the models allows us to pinpoint limitations of the input physics of current models and improve them to a level that cannot be reached with any other current method.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Προσδιορισμός κορτικοστεροειδών με την τεχνική UPLC-MS/MS
Creators: name: Ταλιλίδου, Σοφία Νικολάου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Κορτικοστεροειδή
Ρυθμιστικό διάλυμα φωσφορικών αλάτων (PBS)
Ταινίες
Corticosteroids
Phosphoric buffer solution (PBS)
Tapes

description: Στην παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία έγινε προσπάθεια για την ανάπτυξη μεθόδου υγρής χρωματογραφίας (LC) σε σύζευξη με φασματομετρία μαζών (MS) για τον προσδιορισμό ενός κορτικοστεροειδούς και μεταβολιτών του σε δύο διαφορετικά υποστρώματα. Το πρώτο υπόστρωμα για το οποίο αναπτύχθηκε μέθοδος ήταν το ρυθμιστικό διάλυμα φωσφορικών αλάτων (PBS). Η καμπύλη αναφοράς χαράχθηκε σε οκτώ επίπεδα συγκεντρώσεων με την ανάλυση εμβολιασμένων δειγμάτων PBS. Το πρωτόκολλο προκατεργασίας των δειγμάτων ήταν απλό και αποτελεσματικό. Το δεύτερο υπόστρωμα το οποίο μελετήθηκε ήταν επιφάνειες. Η καμπύλη αναφοράς προέκυψε και σε αυτή την περίπτωση με ανάλυση εμβολιασμένων δειγμάτων επιφανειών σε έξι επίπεδα συγκεντρώσεων, ενώ προτάθηκε ένα απλό και ταυτόχρονα αποτελεσματικό πρωτόκολλο προκατεργασίας των επιφανειών. Και για τα δύο υποστρώματα μελετήθηκαν ορισμένες παράμετροι επικύρωσης. Συγκεκριμένα η ακρίβεια κυμάνθηκε από 97 έως 103% για το PBS και από 96 έως 102% για τις επιφάνειες. Η επαναληψιμότητα ήταν εντός των αποδεκτών ορίων (RSD<15%), η ανάκτηση υπολογίστηκε στο 90-95%, ενώ δεν παρατηρήθηκε φαινόμενο carry-over σε κανένα από τα δύο υποστρώματα
description: The present study is about the development of an UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitive determination of a corticosteroid and its metabolites in two different matrices. The first matrix was a phosphoric buffer solution (PBS). The calibration curve was made by spiking blank PBS samples with standard solutions of each compound in eight levels of concentration. The sample preparation protocol was simple and quick. The second matrix studied was surfaces. The calibration curve in this case was also made by analyzing spiked surface samples in six levels of concentration, while a simple yet effective protocol for sample preparation was suggested. Validation parameters were studied for both matrices. Accuracy was calculated between 97 and 103% for the PBS and between 96 and 102% for the surfaces. The repeatability was within the acceptable limits (RSD<15%), the recovery was estimated from 90 to 95%, while there was no carry-over effect observed
Additional file 1 of Computed tomography-based radiomics nomogram for prediction of lympho-vascular and perineural invasion in esophageal squamous cell cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Tang, Bin
name: Wu, Fan
name: Peng, Lin
name: Leng, Xuefeng
name: Han, Yongtao
name: Wang, Qifeng
name: Wu, Junxiang
name: Orlandini, Lucia Clara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Experimental infections of rabbits with proliferative and latent stages of Besnoitia besnoiti
Creators: name: Liénard, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Cattle besnoitiosis due to Besnoitia besnoiti is in expansion in Europe since the end of the twentieth century. This disease is responsible for severe economic losses in newly infected herd. Unfortunately, no treatment is available and no vaccine is currently labelled in Europe. The complete clinical picture following the artificial transmission of the parasite to cattle remains difficult and random. Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus has been found to be more or less susceptible to this parasite experimentally. This species can exhibit all the clinical signs observed in cattle. The adaptation of B. besnoiti to the rabbit and its maintenance could offer a new, easiest to handle and cheapest model of investigation to this disease. This experimental study has compared the virulence between tachyzoites and bradyzoites of B. besnoiti on rabbits. Eighteen New Zealand rabbits aged from six months to four years old were allocated into three groups of six animals. The control group (group C) received subcutaneous injection of 30 µl of ovalbumin at the right flank. 2.106 tachyzoites of B. besnoiti cultivated on Vero cells, at the passage 125 were subcutaneously injected at the right flank of the group “Tachyzoites” (group T). Bradyzoites of B. besnoiti were taken from cutaneous cysts of chronically infected cow. 2.106 bradyzoites were then injected subcutaneously at the right flank of the group “Bradyzoites” (group B). Clinical follow-up and serological survey were performed during ten weeks until the euthanasia. Only the group B has exhibited an acute stage of the disease with febrile syndrome above 40°C from day 8 to day 11 after the injection with positive qPCR in blood. Twenty-five samples of skin and organs were investigated for detection of parasite DNA by qPCR and parasites by histology. Cysts of B. besnoiti were found only on the group B in some skin samples and organs corresponding to positive qPCR results (Ct values < 30). These results suggest a high virulence of bradyzoites in rabbits. The proposed model is technically simple to perform and highly efficient to reproduce the disease in rabbit. It could be used for the in vivo assessment of efficacy of vaccine or treatment against cattle besnoitiosis.
Weak Lensing of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
Creators: name: Vallinotto, Alberto
name: Dodelson, Scott
name: Schimd, Carlo
name: Uzan, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) have recently been observed in the distribution of distant galaxies. The height and location of the BAO peak are strong discriminators of cosmological parameters. Here we consider the ways in which weak gravitational lensing distorts the BAO signal. We find two effects that can affect the height of the BAO peak in the correlation function at the percent level but that do not significantly impact the position of the peak and the measurement of the sound horizon. BAO turn out to be robust cosmological standard rulers.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Cherenkov Telescope Array sensitivity to the putative millisecond pulsar population responsible for the Galactic center excess
Creators: name: Macias, Oscar
name: van Leijen, Harm
name: Song, Deheng
name: Ando, Shin'ichiro
name: Horiuchi, Shunsaku
name: Crocker, Roland M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The leading explanation of the $\textit{Fermi}$ Galactic center $γ$-ray excess is the extended emission from a unresolved population of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the Galactic bulge. Such a population would, along with the prompt $γ$ rays, also inject large quantities of electrons/positrons ($e^\pm$) into the interstellar medium. These $e^\pm$ could potentially inverse-Compton (IC) scatter ambient photons into $γ$ rays that fall within the sensitivity range of the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). In this article, we examine the detection potential of CTA to this signature by making a realistic estimation of the systematic uncertainties on the Galactic diffuse emission model at TeV-scale $γ$-ray energies. We forecast that, in the event that $e^\pm$ injection spectra are harder than $E^{-2}$, CTA has the potential to robustly discover the IC signature of a putative Galactic bulge MSP population sufficient to explain the GCE for $e^\pm$ injection efficiencies in the range $\approx 2.9-74.1\%$, or higher, depending on the level of mismodeling of the Galactic diffuse emission components. On the other hand, for spectra softer than $E^{-2.5}$, a reliable CTA detection would require an unphysically large $e^\pm$ injection efficiency of $\gtrsim 158\%$. However, even this pessimistic conclusion may be avoided in the plausible event that MSP observational and/or modeling uncertainties can be reduced. We further find that, in the event that an IC signal were detected, CTA can successfully discriminate between an MSP and a dark matter origin for the radiating $e^\pm$.
description: 21+6 pages, 12+5 figures. Updated to match version soon to be published by MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Estimation of transpulmonary driving pressure using a lower assist maneuver (LAM) during synchronized ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure: a physiological study
Creators: name: Liu, Ling
name: He, Hao
name: Liang, Meihao
name: Beck, Jennifer
name: Sinderby, Christer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Optimal control of complex networks with conformity behavior
Creators: name: Qian, Zu-Yu
name: Yuan, Cheng
name: Zhou, Jie
name: Chen, Shi-Ming
name: Nie, Sen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the significant advances in identifying the driver nodes and energy requiring in network control, a framework that incorporates more complicated dynamics remains challenging. Here, we consider the conformity behavior into network control, showing that the control of undirected networked systems with conformity will become easier as long as the number of external inputs beyond a critical point. We find that this critical point is fundamentally determined by the network connectivity. In particular, we investigate the nodal structural characteristic in network control and propose optimal control strategy to reduce the energy requiring in controlling networked systems with conformity behavior. We examine those findings in various synthetic and real networks, confirming that they are prevailing in describing the control energy of networked systems. Our results advance the understanding of network control in practical applications.
Fear conditioned visual information gains preferential access to consciousness
Creators: name: Gayet, Surya
name: Paffen, Chris
name: Belopolsky, Artem
name: Theeuwes, Jan
name: Stigchel, Stefan Van Der
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The present study aimed at investigating whether fear conditioned visual information gains preferential access to consciousness. We used visual stimuli with no intrinsic relevance (colored rings) and associated one of them with aversive stimulation (electric pulses) following a fear conditioning procedure. Participants were then informed that they would not receive any more electric pulses. We subsequently measured the duration that these stimuli remained invisible under continuous flash suppression, a method derived from binocular rivalry. This revealed that stimuli that were previously paired with an aversive stimulus, and thus signaled threat, broke through suppression faster than stimuli that were not paired with an aversive stimulus. This pattern of results was especially striking since (1) participants new that they would not receive any more shocks during the experimental trials, and (2) the colored annuli were completely task irrelevant for the participants.
Blurred epidemiology of bovine besnoitiosis: parasite DNA detection in skin among seropositive cattle
Creators: name: Liénard, Emmanuel
name: Grisez, Christelle
name: Prevot, Françoise
name: Alzieu, Jean-Pierre
name: Bardoux, Patrick
name: Blanchard Béatrice
name: Salem, Ali
name: Franc, Michel
name: Jacquiet, Philippe
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The life cycle of Besnoitia besnoiti, the agent of bovine besnoitiosis and the epidemiology of bovine besnoitiosis are not yet elucidated. Only a relatively small amount of infected cattle develop obvious clinical signs and most of them remain asymptomatic and seropositive for a long time. The cattle-to-cattle contamination is probably the most common way of infection via biting flies. According to this assumption, the identification and the selective culling of cattle having high concentrations of bradyzoites cysts in skin should be a major way of disease control in endemic areas. The aim of this preliminary study is to assess the proportion of animals showing positive PCR reactions in skin biopsies among seropositive ones.
Near-optimal integration of orientation information across saccadic eye movements
Creators: name: Ganmor, Elad
name: Simoncelli, Eero
name: Landy, Michael
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Visual acuity rapidly declines with eccentricity. Consequently humans move their eyes several times per second, repeatedly placing a new target region of the scene under the high-resolution scrutiny of the fovea. But what happens to the low resolution information acquired in the periphery just before the fovea lands on its new target? Integrating the pre-saccadic information into the post-saccadic estimate would make sense, as it can only reduce the error of the internal representation. But given the discrepancy in acuity between fovea and periphery, under normal viewing conditions the pre-saccadic view will contribute only marginally to the overall accuracy of the estimate. We used the well-established theoretical and experimental framework of cue integration to examine whether, and to what extent, human observers integrate pre- and post-saccadic orientation information. Untrained observers were asked to saccade on cue to one of two pre-determined peripheral targets (5 deg. eccentricity left or right). An oriented Gabor patch was visible either before the saccade, after the saccade, or both before and after saccade. Subjects were asked to determine whether the Gabor was oriented clockwise or counter-clockwise relative to vertical. In order to maximize the potential gain from saccadic integration, the contrast of the Gabor differed between the foveal and peripheral views (unbeknownst to the observers) and was experimentally set so that, for each subject, discriminability at the foveal and peripheral locations was approximately equal. Analysis of the results indicates that subjects integrate pre- and post-saccadic orientation information near optimally, achieving better orientation discriminability when the target is visible both before and after saccade. We conclude that humans are equipped with the apparatus to integrate low-level visual information across saccadic eye movements.
Topological string in harmonic space and correlation functions in $S^3$ stringy cosmology
Creators: name: Saidi, El Hassan
name: Sedra, Moulay Brahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the harmonic space method for conifold and use it to study local complex deformations of $T^{\ast}S^{3}$ preserving manifestly $SL(2,C) $ isometry. We derive the perturbative manifestly $SL(2,C) $ invariant partition function $\mathcal{Z}_{top}$ of topological string B model on locally deformed conifold. Generic $n$ momentum and winding modes of 2D $c=1$ non critical theory are described by highest $% \upsilon_{(n,0)}$ and lowest components $\upsilon_{(0,n)}$ of $SL(2,C) $ spin $s=\frac{n}{2}$ multiplets $% (\upsilon _{(n-k,k)}) $, $0\leq k\leq n$ and are shown to be naturally captured by harmonic monomials. Isodoublets ($n=1$) describe uncoupled units of momentum and winding modes and are exactly realized as the $SL(2,C) $ harmonic variables $U_α^{+}$ and $V_α^{-}$. We also derive a dictionary giving the passage from Laurent (Fourier) analysis on $T^{\ast}S^{1}$ ($S^{1}$) to the harmonic method on $T^{\ast}S^{3}$ ($S^{3}$). The manifestly $SU(2,C) $ covariant correlation functions of the $S^{3}$ quantum cosmology model of Gukov-Saraikin-Vafa are also studied.
description: 91 pages
Simple estimate of BBN sensitivity to light freeze-in dark matter
Creators: name: Li, Shao-Ping
name: Li, Xin-Qiang
name: Yan, Xin-Shuai
name: Yang, Ya-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a simple analysis of the big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) sensitivity to the light dark matter (DM) generated by the thermal freeze-in mechanism. It is shown that the ratio of the effective neutrino number shift $ΔN_ν$ over the DM relic density $ω\equiv Ωh^2$, denoted by $R_χ\equivΔN_ν/ω$, cancels the decaying particle mass and the feeble coupling, rendering therefore a simple visualization of $ΔN_ν$ at the BBN epoch in terms of the DM mass. This property drives one to conclude that the shift with a sensitivity of $ΔN_ν\simeq \mathcal{O}(0.1)$ cannot originate from a single warm DM under the Lyman-$α$ forest constraints. For the cold-plus-warm DM scenarios where the Lyman-$α$ constraints are diluted, the ratio $R_χ$ can be potentially used to test the thermal freeze-in mechanism in generating a small warm component of DM and a possible excess at the level of $ΔN_ν\simeq \mathcal{O}(0.01)$.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure; more discussions and references added, final version published in the journal
title: High-Temperature Resistojets for All-Electric Spacecraft
Creators: name: Romei, Federico
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2019

description: Electrothermal propulsion systems for spacecraft consist of an electrically powered heat exchanger, which increases the enthalpy of a propellant. Enthalpy is traded for kinetic energy through a gas dynamic expansion process to produce a high-velocity exhaust jet via a converging-diverging nozzle producing thrust. The performance is quantified by the specific impulse (Isp), which increases proportionally to the square root of the stagnation gas temperature. By increasing the stagnation temperature, the amount of propellant required on board of the spacecraft to accomplish a specific mission decreases or greater total impulse is provided for a fixed quantity of propellant. Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) has used a low power hot gas system, known as a resistojet, since 2002, which uses either butane or xenon as propellant. This system has flown on 21 spacecraft including the European GPS Galileo Testbed GIOVE-A validation satellite. A collaborative development programme between the University of Southampton and SSTL is currently proceeding to develop a high-temperature resistojet which nearly doubles current ISP performance. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) manufacturing is being utilised to build a novel complex thin-wall concentric cylindrical heat exchanger (HE) as a single component, for this reason, this thruster has been named Super-high Temperature Additive Resistojet (STAR). High-resolution micro-Computed Tomography (CT) is used as a tool for non-destructive inspection since the HE of the thruster is closed preventing visual inspection. The CT volume data is used to determine a surface mesh to perform coordinate measurements, nominal/actual comparison and wall thickness analysis. STAR is designed to increase the stagnation temperature of the propellant to approximately 2,500K with a resulting Isp for xenon propellant above 80 s. Presently, the driver of the high-temperature resistojet technology is a requirement for the all-electric propulsion spacecraft bus. Geostationary telecommunication satellites typically use chemical propulsion for attitude control as well as orbitâraising and station-keeping. The benefit of using STAR is in fuel mass savings, cost savings in launch vehicle option for lighter spacecraft and further reduction of costs by eliminating the use of hazardous propellants. This research presents the design, construction and performance evaluation of the first proof of concept thruster, STAR-0, through vacuum testing with Ar propellant at the University of Southampton facility. The prototypes are made of stainless steel, which limits the maximum gas temperature to approximately 1,000 K. A set of multiphysics simulations is validated against the experimental results and the numerical investigation is extended to high-temperature refractory metals, which will enable the construction of an engineering model.
Analysis of the first confirmed superoutburst of V337 Cygni in 2006 May
Creators: name: Boyd, David
name: Krajci, Tom
name: Shears, Jeremy
name: Poyner, Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During 2006 May the first confirmed superoutburst of the dwarf nova V337 Cygni was observed using unfiltered CCD photometry. The outburst reached a peak magnitude of 15.2 on May 22 and lasted 13 days before the object returned to quiescence at around magnitude 20. Time-series photometry revealed superhumps with a period of 0.07012 +/- 0.00033d and amplitude 0.1 magnitude, thereby establishing for the first time its UGSU classification. Astrometry of V337 Cyg in outburst determined an accurate position and enabled the identity of the star in quiescence to be confirmed.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 4 pages, 10 figues
Hepatic and subcutaneous adipose lipid metabolism genes modulation by dietary fish oil and stearate in transition goats
Creators: name: Farina, Greta
name: Agazzi, Alessandro
name: Caputo, Jessica Michela
name: Campagnoli, Anna
name: Ferroni, Mariella
name: Loor, J.Juan
name: Savoini, Giovanni
name: Invernizzi, Guido
Publisher: name: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA)
Year: 2015
Subjects: goat; lipidic metabolism; gene expression; hepatic and adipose tissue; lipidic integration

description: The objective of the experiment was to understand the interaction between saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue. With this purpose, further gene expression assays were performed on obtained adipose and liver samples from a previous in vivo study where expression levels of ADIPOQ, LPIN1, LPL, PPARG, SREBF1 and THRSP were already determined. The study consisted on the administration of either a no fat-supplemented, or a stearic acid or fish oil supplemented diets to dairy goats from the last week of gestation until 21 days after kidding. Fat-supplied goats received 30g/head/d extra fatty acids during the dry period and 50g/head/d during lactation. Liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were harvested at day ­7, 7 and 21 relative to kidding and immediately snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. At the present moment, quantitative real-time RT-PCR of ACAT1, MSMO1, CPT1, IL6 on liver and ACACA, LEP, LPL, FASN, IL6 and PLIN2 on adipose tissue are running. Data obtained will be analysed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and results may increase the knowledge on the mechanism of action of saturated or unsaturated dietary fatty acid sources in the fatty acid metabolism changes during transition in dairy goats.
description: International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 2, No 1s (2015): Proceeding of Veterinary and Animal Science Days
Exact asymptotic expansions for the cylindrical Poisson-Boltzmann equation
Creators: name: Tellez, G.
name: Trizac, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mathematical theory of integrable Painleve/Toda type systems sheds new light on the behavior of solutions to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the potential due to a long rod-like macroion. We investigate here the case of symmetric electrolytes together with that of 1:2 and 2:1 salts. Short and large scale features are analyzed, with a particular emphasis on the low salinity regime. Analytical expansions are derived for several quantities relevant for polyelectrolytes theory, such as the Manning radius. In addition, accurate and practical expressions are worked out for the electrostatic potential, which improve upon previous work and cover the full range of radial distances.
Microvesicles secreted from equine amniotic cells and their potential role in in vitro cell tendon repair
Creators: name: Perrini, Claudia
name: Lange-Consiglio, Anna
name: Cremonesi, Fausto
name: Tasquier, Riccardo
name: Deregibus, Maria Chiara
name: Camussi, Giovanni
name: Pascucci, Luisa
name: Marini, Maria Giovanna
name: Coradetti, Bruna
name: Bizzaro, Davide
Publisher: name: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA)
Year: 2015
Subjects: regenerative medicine; AMCs; MVs; tendon cells

description: The regenerative mechanisms ascribed to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are classified into 3 categories: differentiating into damaged cell types, supplying nutrients, and improving survival/functions of the endogenous cells via paracrine actions. However, because of the inhospitable microenvironment of the injured tissues, a proportion of the implanted MSCs may quickly die, suggesting that other mechanisms might be present. This notion is supported by the overlapping beneficial effect (in terms of time of healing) resulted  after the injection of AMCs or of amniotic mesenchymal cells - conditioned medium (AMC-CM)  in equine spontaneous injured tendons and ligaments. Microvesicles (MVs) released by cells are an integral component of the cell-to-cell communication network involved in tissue regeneration.In the present study, MVs secreted by AMCs were investigated with Nanosigth instrument and TEM. Then, the in vitro incorporation of MVs into equine tendon cells was studied by a dose-response curve. Lastly, the ability of MVs to counteract an in vitro inflammatory process induced by lipolysaccaride on tendon cells was studied evaluating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes like metallopeptidase (MPP) 1 and 13, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX2). Results demonstrated that AMCs secreted MVs ranging in size from 100 to 1000 nm with a prevalence of 100-200 nm large MVs. Tendon cells were able to uptake them with an inverse relationship between concentration and time. The greatest incorporation was detectable at 40x106 MVs/ml after 72h. MVs induced down-regulation of MMP1 and MMP13, suggesting that they may have contributed, along with soluble factors, to in vivo tendon regeneration.
description: International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 2, No 1s (2015): Proceeding of Veterinary and Animal Science Days
NLRG at SemEval-2021 Task 5: Toxic Spans Detection Leveraging BERT-based Token Classification and Span Prediction Techniques
Creators: name: Chhablani, Gunjan
name: Sharma, Abheesht
name: Pandey, Harshit
name: Bhartia, Yash
name: Suthaharan, Shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Toxicity detection of text has been a popular NLP task in the recent years. In SemEval-2021 Task-5 Toxic Spans Detection, the focus is on detecting toxic spans within passages. Most state-of-the-art span detection approaches employ various techniques, each of which can be broadly classified into Token Classification or Span Prediction approaches. In our paper, we explore simple versions of both of these approaches and their performance on the task. Specifically, we use BERT-based models -- BERT, RoBERTa, and SpanBERT for both approaches. We also combine these approaches and modify them to bring improvements for Toxic Spans prediction. To this end, we investigate results on four hybrid approaches -- Multi-Span, Span+Token, LSTM-CRF, and a combination of predicted offsets using union/intersection. Additionally, we perform a thorough ablative analysis and analyze our observed results. Our best submission -- a combination of SpanBERT Span Predictor and RoBERTa Token Classifier predictions -- achieves an F1 score of 0.6753 on the test set. Our best post-eval F1 score is 0.6895 on intersection of predicted offsets from top-3 RoBERTa Token Classification checkpoints. These approaches improve the performance by 3% on average than those of the shared baseline models -- RNNSL and SpaCy NER.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, SemEval-2021 Workshop, ACL-IJCNLP 2021
Parametrization of Bose-Einstein Correlations and Reconstruction of the Space-Time Evolution of Pion Production in e+e- Annihilation
Creators: name: Csorgo, T.
name: Kittel, W.
name: Metzger, W. J.
name: Novak, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A parametrization of the Bose-Einstein correlation function of pairs of identical pions produced in hadronic e+e- annihilation is proposed within the framework of a model (the tau-model) in which space-time and momentum space are very strongly correlated. Using information from the Bose-Einstein correlations as well as from single-pion spectra,it is then possible to reconstruct the space-time evolution of pion production.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids
Creators: name: Ghiringhelli, Matteo
name: Acocella, Fabio
name: Bontempo, Valentino
Publisher: name: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA)
Year: 2015
Subjects: Branched Chain Amino Acids; cachetic patiens;

description: Our study is focused on evaluation and use of the most effective and correct nutrients. In particular, our attention is directed to the role of certain amino acids in cachectic patients.

During parenteral nutrition in humans, physician already associates in the PN-bags different formulations including amino acids, lipids and glucose solutions or essential amino acids solution alone or exclusively branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Studies investigated the effects of dietary BCAA ingestion on different diseases and conditions such as obesity and metabolic disorders, liver disease, muscle atrophy, cancer, impaired immunity or injuries (surgery, trauma, burns, and sepsis). BCAAs have been shown to affect gene expression, protein metabolism, apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes, and insulin resistance. They have also been shown to inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro, and are essential for lymphocyte proliferation and dendritic cell maturation. Oral or parenteral administration of these three amino acids will allow us to evaluate the real efficacy of these compounds during a therapy to treat malnutrition in subjects unable to feed themselves.
description: International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 2, No 1s (2015): Proceeding of Veterinary and Animal Science Days
Full Potential Multiple Scattering for X-ray Spectroscopies
Creators: name: Hatada, Keisuke
name: Hayakawa, Kuniko
name: Benfatto, Maurizio
name: Natoli, Calogero R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Full Potential Multiple Scattering (FP-MS) scheme for the interpretation of several X-ray spectroscopies that is a straightforward generalization of the more conventional Muffin-Tin (MT) version. Like this latter, it preserves the intuitive description of the physical process under consideration and overcomes some of the limitations of the existing FP-MS codes. It hinges on a fast and efficient method for solving the single cell scattering problem that avoids the convergence drawbacks of the angular momentum (AM) expansion of the cell shape function and relies on an alternative derivation of the multiple scattering equations (MSE) that allows us to work reliably with only one truncation parameter, {\it i.e.} the number of local basis functions in the expansion of the global scattering function determined by the classical relation $l_{\rm max} \sim k R$.
description: 4 pages 2 figures
Universal stereodynamics of cold atom-molecule collisions in electric fields
Creators: name: Tscherbul, Timur V.
name: Kłos, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use numerically exact quantum dynamics calculations to demonstrate universal stereoselectivity of cold collisions of $^2Π$ molecules with $^1$S-state atoms in an external electric field. We show that cold collisions of OH molecules in their low-field-seeking $f$ states, whose dipole moments are oriented against the field direction, are much more likely to lead to inelastic scattering than those of molecules oriented along the field direction, causing nearly perfect steric asymmetry in the inelastic collision cross sections. The universal nature of this effect is due to the threshold suppression of inelastic scattering between the degenerate $\pm M$ Stark sublevels of the high-field-seeking $e$-state, where $M$ is the projection of the total angular momentum of the molecule on the field axis. Above the $Λ$-doublet threshold, the stereodynamics of inelastic atom-molecule collisions can be tuned via electric-field-induced resonances, which enable effective control of Ne + OH scattering over the range of collision energies achievable in current merged beam experiments.
A composite HII region luminosity function in H alpha of unprecedented statistical weight
Creators: name: Bradley, T. R.
name: Knapen, J. H.
name: Beckman, J. E.
name: Folkes, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Statistical properties of HII region populations in disk galaxies yield important clues to the physics of massive star formation. Aims. We present a set of HII region catalogues and luminosity functions for a sample of 56 spiral galaxies in order to derive the most general form of their luminosity function. Methods. HII region luminosity functions are derived for individual galaxies which, after photometric calibration, are summed to form a total luminosity function comprising 17,797 HII regions from 53 galaxies. Results. The total luminosity function, above its lower limit of completeness, is clearly best fitted by a double power law with a significantly steeper slope for the high luminosity portion of the function. This change of slope has been reported in the literature for individual galaxies, and occurs at a luminosity of log L = 38.6\pm0.1 (L in erg/s) which has been termed the Stromgren luminosity. A steep fall off in the luminosity function above log L = 40 is also noted, and is related to an upper limit to the luminosities of underlying massive stellar clusters. Detailed data are presented for the individual sample galaxies. Conclusions. The luminosity functions of HII regions in spiral galaxies show a two slope power law behaviour, with a significantly steeper slope for the high luminosity branch. This can be modelled by assuming that the high luminosity regions are density bounded, though the scenario is complicated by the inhomogeneity of the ionized interstellar medium. The break, irrespective of its origin, is of potential use as a distance indicator for disc galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication as a Letter in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Latex with postscript figures. Online-only tables and figures are included in this preprint. The HII region catalogues for 56 galaxies will be published electronically on the CDS but are available also on request from the authors
Forschung im Alltag.
Creators: name: Strauch-Davey, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Forschung
Forschung an der Stiftung Universität Hildesheim
FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Open Science
Forschungsdaten
research data

description: Diese Folien sind im Rahmen des Digitalen Anwenderforums 2022 entstanden: https://lehmannsbib.de/lehmans-anwenderforum-2022/ „Es war eine absolut professionelle und souverän absolvierte und moderierte Veranstaltung. Ein abwechslungsreiches, informatives Programm, was viel Input lieferte. Gute Pausenzeiten.“
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Explicit horizontal open books on some Seifert fibered 3--manifolds
Creators: name: Ozbagci, Burak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe explicit horizontal open books on some Seifert fibered 3--manifolds. We show that the contact structures compatible with these horizontal open books are Stein fillable and horizontal as well. Moreover we draw surgery diagrams for some of these contact structures.
description: 13 pages
Electroweak observables in a general 5D background
Creators: name: Delgado, Antonio
name: Falkowski, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warped extra dimensions provide a new playground to study electroweak brea-king and the nature of the higgs field. In this paper we reanalyze the electroweak observables in theories with one extra dimension and a completely general warp factor. We demonstrate that, regardless of the 5D background, SU(2)_R is needed in order to avoid excessive contributions to the T parameter. For higgsless theories cancelations between different contributions to the S parameter are needed.
description: latex2e, 20 pages, typos corrected, references added, version to be published in JHEP
Additional file 1 of Uptake of biosimilars in China: a retrospective analysis of the case of trastuzumab from 2018 to 2023
Creators: name: Wu, Qiyou
name: Wang, Zhitao
name: Fu, Yihan
name: Luo, Ren
name: Sun, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Model-independent versus model-dependent interpretation of the SDSS-III BOSS power spectrum: Bridging the divide
Creators: name: Brieden, Samuel
name: Gil-Marín, Héctor
name: Verde, Licia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The traditional clustering analyses of galaxy redshift surveys compress the clustering data into a set of late-time physical variables in a model-independent way. This approach has recently been extended by an additional shape variable encoding early-time physics information. We apply this new technique, ShapeFit, to SDSS-III BOSS data and show that it matches the constraining power of alternative, model-dependent approaches, which directly constrain the model's parameters adopting a cosmological model ab-initio. ShapeFit is $\sim30$ times faster, model-independent, naturally splits early- and late-time variables, and enables a better control of observational systematics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures matches accepted version
Dynamics of semiclassical Bloch wave - packets
Creators: name: Horvathy, P. A.
name: Martina, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semiclassical approximation for electron wave-packets in crystals leads to equations which can be derived from a Lagrangian or, under suitable regularity conditions, in a Hamiltonian framework. In the plane, these issues are studied %in presence of external fields using the method of the coadjoint orbit applied to the ``enlarged'' Galilei group.
description: 15 pages, Talk given at Nonlinear Physics. Theory and Experiment. IV,Gallipoli (Lecce), Italy - June 22 - July 1, 2006
Is classical reality completely deterministic?
Creators: name: Kosyakov, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of determinism for a classical system is interpreted as the requirement that the solution to the Cauchy problem for the equations of motion governing this system be unique. This requirement is generally assumed to hold for all autonomous classical systems. We give counterexamples of this view. Our analysis of classical electrodynamics in a world with one temporal and one spatial dimension shows that the solution to the Cauchy problem with the initial conditions of a particular type is not unique. Therefore, random behavior of closed classical systems is indeed possible. This finding provides a qualitative explanation of how classical strings can split. We propose a modified path integral formulation of classical mechanics to include indeterministic systems.
description: Replace the paper with a revised version
Entanglement-Free Parameter Estimation of Generalized Pauli Channels
Creators: name: Rehman, Junaid ur
name: Shin, Hyundong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a parameter estimation protocol for generalized Pauli channels acting on $d$-dimensional Hilbert space. The salient features of the proposed method include product probe states and measurements, the number of measurement configurations linear in $d$, minimal post-processing, and the scaling of the mean square error comparable to that of the entanglement-based parameter estimation scheme for generalized Pauli channels. We also show that while measuring generalized Pauli operators the errors caused by the Pauli noise can be modeled as measurement errors. This makes it possible to utilize the measurement error mitigation framework to mitigate the errors caused by the generalized Pauli channels. We use this result to mitigate noise on the probe states and recover the scaling of the noiseless probes, except with a noise strength-dependent constant factor. This method of modeling Pauli channel as measurement noise can also be of independent interest in other NISQ tasks, e.g., state tomography problems, variational quantum algorithms, and other channel estimation problems where Pauli measurements have the central role.
description: 18 + 3 pages
Landau's necessary density conditions for LCA groups
Creators: name: Gröchenig, K.
name: Kutyniok, G.
name: Seip, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42A15, 42C15, 42C30

description: H. Landau's necessary density conditions for sampling and interpolation may be viewed as a general principle resting on a basic fact of Fourier analysis: The complex exponentials $e^{i kx}$ ($k$ in $\mathbb{Z}$) constitute an orthogonal basis for $L^2([-π,π])$. The present paper extends Landau's conditions to the setting of locally compact abelian (LCA) groups, relying in an analogous way on the basics of Fourier analysis. The technicalities--in either case of an operator theoretic nature--are however quite different. We will base our proofs on the comparison principle of J. Ramanathan and T. Steger.
On elliptical soft colloids in smectic-C films
Creators: name: Silvestre, N. M.
name: Patricio, P.
name: da Gama, M. M. Telo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the elliptical shapes of soft colloids in freely standing smectic C films, that have been reported recently. The colloids favour parallel alignment of the liquid crystal molecules at their surfaces and, for sufficiently strong anchoring, will generate a pair of defects at the poles of the colloidal particles. The elastic free energy of the liquid crystal matrix will, in turn, affect the shape of the colloids. In this study we will focus on elliptical soft colloids and determine how their equilibrium shapes depend on the elastic constants of the liquid crystal, the anchoring strength, the surface tension and the size of the colloids. A shape diagram is obtained analytically, by minimizing the Frank elastic free energy, in the limit of small eccentricities. The analytical results are verified, and generalized to arbitrary eccentricities, by numerical minimization of an appropriate Landau free energy. The latter is required for an adequate description of the topological defects when the liquid crystal correlation length is comparable to the size of the colloidal particles.
description: submited to PRE. 7pages, 8 figures