cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Economic Analysis of Public Interventions for Amelioration of Irrigation-Induced Soil Degradation
Creators: name: Chinnappa, B.
name: Nagaraj, N.
name: Chinnappa, B.
name: Nagaraj, N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The study has reported the impact of public interventions for amelioration of soil degradation through subsurface drainage technology in the Tungabhadra Project area in Karnataka. The primary data, obtained from 105 farmers of TBP area, have been analysed using budgeting, discounted cash flow measures and gini ratio. The provision of subsurface drainage through public interventions, has increased the productivity of land appreciably (166 per cent) and has provided a source of regular income (Rs 13,636/ha from paddy) to resource-poor households. The technology has been found to be cost effective, socially acceptable and economically feasible. The equity analysis has indicated reduction in inequalities in income distribution during the post-drainage period. The study has suggested that the government should aim at encouraging and educating the affected farmers in adopting subsurface drainage technology on a large-scale.
Using $^{22}$Na and $^{83{\rm m}}$Kr to calibrate and study the properties of scintillation in xenon-doped liquid argon
Creators: name: Gan, Y. Y.
name: Guan, M. Y.
name: Zhang, Y. P.
name: Zhang, P.
name: Yang, C. G.
name: Zhao, Q.
name: Wei, Y. T.
name: Xiong, W. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the properties of scintillation light in liquid argon doped with xenon concentrations from 165 ppm to 10,010 ppm using a $^{22}$Na source. The energy transfer processes in the xenon-doped liquid argon are discussed in detail, and a new waveform model is established and used to fit the average waveform. The time profile of the scintillation photon in the xenon-doped liquid argon and of the TPB emission are presented. The quantities of xenon-doped are controlled by a Mass Flow Controller which is calibrated via a Redusial Gas Analyzer to ensure that the xenon concentration is accurate. In addition, a successful test of $^{83{\rm m}}$Kr as a calibration source has been implemented in the xenon-doped liquid argon detector for the first time. By comparing the light yield of the $^{22}$Na and $^{83{\rm m}}$Kr, it can be concluded that the scintillation efficiency is almost same over the range of 41.5 keV to 511 keV.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures
Finite-Field Ground State of the S=1 Antiferromagnetic-Ferromagnetic Bond-Alternating Chain
Creators: name: Tonegawa, Takashi
name: Okamoto, Kiyomi
name: Kaburagi, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the finite-field ground state of the S=1 antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic bond-alternating chain described by the Hamiltonian ${\calH}=\sum\nolimits_{\ell}\bigl\{\vecS_{2\ell-1}\cdot\vecS_{2\ell} +J\vecS_{2\ell}\cdot\vecS_{2\ell+1}\bigr\} +D\sum\nolimits_{\ell} \bigl(S_{\ell}^z)^2 -H\textstyle\sum\nolimits_\ell S_\ell^z$, where \hbox{$J\leq0$} and \hbox{$-\infty
An Economic Evaluation of Investment on Aonla (Emblica officinalis G.) in Gujarat
Creators: name: Gondalia, V.K.
name: Patel, G.N.
name: Gondalia, V.K.
name: Patel, G.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The economic viability of aonla plantation in Gujarat has been studied through a sample of 120 aonla growers spread over 12 selected villages of the Kheda and Anand districts for the agricultural year 2003-04. It has been found that establishment of aonla orchard involves high investment, but the annual net returns are also quite high, after the third year of plantation. The values of economic parameters, viz. NPV, BCR, IRR and PBP have been found to be Rs 652652, 5.25, 65.03 per cent and 55 months, respectively at 10 per cent discount rate. Under varying cost and return situations, values of all these feasibility parameters have satisfied the acceptance rules for the investment proposition. It has confirmed the economic viability, stability and certainty of investment on aonla orchard. The study has suggested that financial institutions should give credit to aonla producers in the area.
Measurement of Farm Credit Risk: SUR Model and Simulation Approach
Creators: name: Yan, Yan
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Schnitkey, Gary D.
name: Yan, Yan
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Schnitkey, Gary D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Credit Risk Measurement
subject: Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model
subject: Simulation

description: The study addresses problems in measuring credit risk under the structure model, and then proposes a seemingly unrelated regression model (SUR) to predict farms’ ability in meeting their current and anticipated obligations in the next 12 months. The empirical model accounts for both the dependence structure and the dynamic feature of the structure model, and is used for estimating asset correlation using FBFM data for 1995-2004. Farm credit risk is then predicted by copula based simulation process with historical default rates as benchmark. Results are reported and compared to previous studies on farm default.
Less favoured area measure in the Netherlands: a welcome or negligible addition?
Creators: name: Schouten, Marleen A.H.
name: Gaaff, Aris
name: Heijman, Wim J.M.
name: Schouten, Marleen A.H.
name: Gaaff, Aris
name: Heijman, Wim J.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Less Favoured Areas
subject: family farm income
subject: regional development

description: The Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) Directive (75/268) which was introduced in 1975, was the first common European instrument of regional agricultural structural policy. LFAs are areas where agriculture is hampered by permanent natural handicaps. The major objectives were to ensure the continuation of farming, thereby maintaining a minimum population level and preserving scenic landscapes and environmentally valuable habitats. In the Netherlands, the LFA measure is used as an additional payment, to compensate farmers for negative economic effects due to the conservation of these natural handicaps. It was not implemented as a stand alone policy, but is linked to measures aiming at active nature and landscape conservation management. In this paper, the effects will be examined of the regulations aiming at the conservation of natural handicaps on farm businesses within LFAs, when comparing them to farm businesses outside LFAs, where these regulations and handicaps do not exist. The main data source that was used is the Farm Accountancy Data Network. Reference groups of farms were compiled with the use of the simple and multiple imputation approach in Stars (Statistics for Regional Studies). Both analyses were tested with the use of a parametric and a nonparametric test. When comparing the results of both analyses, it can be concluded that there is no evidence that there is a statistical difference in family farm income corrected for and not corrected for LFA payment between the LFA farm businesses and the reference groups. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the size of the compensatory allowances is small and there is no evidence that it has a significant effect on the family farm income of LFA farm businesses. The main purpose of the Dutch LFA policy is to compensate farm businesses for negative economic effects due to the conservation of natural handicaps. Although this may be true for some individual farms, based on the methods used in this paper, it appears not to be the case for the collectivity of LFA premium beneficiaries as a whole.
Co-innovation: what are the success factors?
Creators: name: Bremmers, Harry J.
name: Sabidussi, Anna
name: Bremmers, Harry J.
name: Sabidussi, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The problem we address in this paper is that in projects focusing on public-private cooperation to stimulate innovation in the Netherlands, initiatives often lack continuation after the study-phase. We extracted possible influencing variables from business and (transaction) cost economic theorizing, stakeholder and capability theory. Moreover, we used measures for classifying projects with respect to financial interdependencies between participants. We supposed that project characteristics influence managerial behavior to continue or stop. We studied 28 projects (20 supply chain projects and 8 biological product development projects). Our aim was to explore the barriers and success factors for these co-innovation projects: innovation as a cooperative effort between public sector/research institute and private organization(s). We derived data from project descriptions and performed semi-structured interviews with project informants. Critical to success appears to be ex ante commitment of all parties. Goal congruence, both at a personal and a company level, and proportionality of sharing in project results are of decisive importance to establish such commitment. Estimations about financial project results should be made in an early stage; they should be used as a basis for negotiations on the (re)distribution of costs and benefits, especially if the value added is disproportionally distributed over the participants. Ideally, project teams of co-innovation projects should bring in complementary capabilities: technical, marketing, financial and organizational. Project governance should therefore be organized in such a way that the knowledge gaps are filled in before kick-off.
Kaonic Qubits
Creators: name: Bertlmann, Reinhold A.
name: Hiesmayr, Beatrix C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum mechanics can also be tested in high energy physics; in particular, the neutral kaon system is very well suited. We show that these massive particles can be considered as qubits --kaonic qubits-- in the very same way as spin-1/2 particles or polarized photons. But they also have other important properties, namely they are instable particles and they violate the CP symmetry (C...charge conjugation, P...parity). We consider a Bell inequality and, surprisingly, the premises of local realistic theories require strict CP conservation, in contradiction to experiment. Furthermore we investigate Bohr's complementary relation in order to describe the physics of the time evolution of kaons. Finally, we discuss quantum marking and eraser experiments with kaons, which prove in a new way the very concept of a quantum eraser.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, version 2 minor changes. to be published in Quantum Information Processing
Zwei antihäresianische Traktate des Melchiten Paulus er-Râhib
Creators: name: Berenbach, Joseph
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 5 (1905): Oriens christianus, Band 5
Generic uniqueness of least area planes in hyperbolic space
Creators: name: Coskunuzer, Baris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A10, 58B15

description: We study the number of solutions of the asymptotic Plateau problem in H^3. By using the analytical results in our previous paper, and some topological arguments, we show that there exists an open dense subset of C^3 Jordan curves in S^2_{infty}(H^3) such that any curve in this set bounds a unique least area plane in H^3.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 27 April 2006 (V3: typesetting corrections)
Superevolution
Creators: name: Manton, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Usually, in supersymmetric theories, it is assumed that the time-evolution of states is determined by the Hamiltonian, through the Schrödinger equation. Here we explore the superevolution of states in superspace, in which the supercharges are the principal operators. The superevolution equation is consistent with the Schrödinger equation, but it avoids the usual degeneracy between bosonic and fermionic states. We discuss superevolution in supersymmetric quantum mechanics and in a simple supersymmetric field theory.
description: 23 pages
D-state configurations in the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon and the Delta(1232) resonance
Creators: name: Julia-Diaz, B.
name: Riska, D. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $Δ-N$ electromagnetic transition form factors are calculated in the Poincaré covariant quark model in three forms of relativistic kinematics. Addition of $D-$state components to pure $S-$state model wave functions, chosen so as to reproduce the empirical elastic electromagnetic nucleon form factors with single constituent currents, brings the calculated $R_{EM}$ ratio for the $Δ(1232)\to Nγ$ transition closer to the empirical values in instant and point form kinematics. The calculated $R_{SM}$ ratio is insensitive to the $D-$state component. In front form kinematics the substantial violation of the angular condition for the spin 3/2 resonance transition amplitude in the impulse approximation prevents a unique determination of $R_{EM}$ and $R_{SM}$, both of which are very sensitive to $D-$state components. In no form of kinematics do $D-$state deformations of the rest frame baryon wave functions alone suffice for a description of the empirical values of these ratios.
description: 11 figures, elsevier format
Correction method on fairs’ attraction radius
Creators: name: Karpati, Laszlo
name: Karpati, Laszlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: attraction radius
subject: exhibitors’ distance

description: At auditing a fair the measure and evaluation of the exhibitors’ distance is a important task and can be used for further promotion of the fair. In analyzing the attraction radius of different fairs one can discover some figures that may raise questions regarding a simple averaging of the attraction distances. According to the research of the author, the bias in the attraction radius can be caused by two factors: the size of the attraction region and the distance from the region’s business center. Authors explored the bias factors and suggest a correction method to remedy it. A theoretical correction model was applied to evaluate three agribusiness fairs. It is established that the corrected attraction radius gives more realistic result than the simple averaging of exhibitors’ distance.
Improved Measure of Local Chirality
Creators: name: Draper, Terrence
name: Alexandru, Andrei
name: Chen, Ying
name: Dong, Shao-Jing
name: Horvath, Ivan
name: Lee, Frank
name: Mathur, Nilmani
name: Thacker, Harry B.
name: Tamhankar, Sonali
name: Zhang, Jianbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is popular to probe the structure of the QCD vacuum indirectly by studying individual fermion eigenmodes, because this provides a natural way to filter out UV fluctuations. The double-peaking in the distribution of the local chiral orientation parameter (X) has been offered as evidence, by some, in support of a particular model of the vacuum. Here we caution that the X-distribution peaking varies significantly with various versions of the definition of X. Furthermore, each distribution varies little from that resulting from a random reshuffling of the left-handed (and independently the right-handed) fields, which destroys any QCD-induced left-right correlation; that is, the double-peaking is mostly a phase-space effect. We propose a new universal definition of the X parameter whose distribution is uniform for randomly reshuffled fields. Any deviations from uniformity for actual data can then be directly attributable to QCD-induced dynamics. We find that the familiar double peak disappears.
description: Lattice 2004(topology), Fermilab, June 21-26, 2004; 3 pages, 4 figures
Unified weak/strong coupling framework for nuclear matter and neutron stars
Creators: name: Jokela, Niko
name: Jarvinen, Matti
name: Nijs, Govert
name: Remes, Jere
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ab initio methods using weakly interacting nucleons give a good description of condensed nuclear matter up to densities comparable to the nuclear saturation density. At higher densities palpable strong interactions between overlapping nucleons become important; we propose that the interactions will continuously switch over to follow a holographic model in this region. In order to implement this, we construct hybrid equations of state (EoSs) where various models are used for low density nuclear matter, and the holographic V-QCD model is used for non-perturbative high density nuclear matter as well as for quark matter. We carefully examine all existing constraints from astrophysics of compact stars and discuss their implications for the hybrid EoSs. Thanks to the stiffness of the V-QCD EoS for nuclear matter, we obtain a large family of viable hybrid EoSs passing the constraints. We find that quark matter cores in neutron stars are unstable due to the strongly first order deconfinement transition, and predict bounds on the tidal deformability as well as on the radius of neutron stars. By relying on universal relations, we also constrain characteristic peak frequencies of gravitational waves produced in neutron star mergers.
description: 40 pages, 19 figures; v2: analysis of I-Love-Q relations added
Forecasting with X-12-ARIMA: International tourist arrivals to India and Thailand
Creators: name: Balogh, Peter
name: Kovacs, Sandor
name: Chaiboonsri, Chukiat
name: Chaitip, Prasert
name: Balogh, Peter
name: Kovacs, Sandor
name: Chaiboonsri, Chukiat
name: Chaitip, Prasert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: India
subject: Thailand
subject: international tourism
subject: X-12-ARIMA
subject: the best forecasting methods

description: Forecasting is an essential analytical tool in tourism policy and planning. This paper focuses on forecasting methods based on X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment and this method was developed by the Census Bureau in the United States. It has been continually improved since the 1960s, and it is used by many statistics agencies and central banks. The secondary data were used to produce forecasts of international tourist arrivals to India for 2007-2010 and also these data were used to produce forecasts of international tourist arrivals to Thailand for 2006-2010. From these period the results confirm that the best forecasting method based on the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment is X-12-ARIMA(0,1,2)(0,1,1), X-12-ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1) and X-12-ARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1) for India and the best forecasting method based on this method is X-12-ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1) and X-12-ARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1) for Thailand. Furthermore this method predict that international tourism arrivals to India for 2007–2010 will growth at a positive rate as same as in this during period the number of international tourists arrival to India will be 5,079,651 million, 5,652,180 million, 6,224,480 million and 6,796,890 million, respectively. Also this method predict that international tourism arrivals to Thailand for 2006-2010 will growth at a positive rate as same as in this during period the number of international tourists arrival to Thailand will be 12,211,033 million, 12,699,532 million, 13,187,591 million, 13,674,669 million and 14,161,998 million, respectively. If these results can be generalized for future year, then it suggests that both the India government sector and the Thailand government sector also the private tourism industry sector of these country should prepare to receive increasing numbers of international tourist arrivals both to India and Thailand in this period.
Zwei syrische Dichtungen auf das Entschlafen der allerseligsten Jungfrau
Creators: name: Baumstark, Anton
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 5 (1905): Oriens christianus, Band 5
Food Security in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Staatz, John M.
name: Boughton, Duncan
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Boughton, Duncan
name: Donovan, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: food security
subject: hunger
subject: poverty
subject: food policy
subject: economic development

description: This paper provides a systematic definition of food security, focusing on its different dimensions; examines the nature and magnitude of the different dimensions of food insecurity in developing countries; discusses the difficult tradeoffs that policy makers face in trying to address food security’s multiple dimensions simultaneously; and explores promising new approaches to address food insecurity. The geographic focus is on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where the majority of the world’s food insecure people live.
Dissonance : conflict and tension in post-secondary curriculum design and development
Creators: name: Hlus, Donald Gerald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Curriculum makers in post-secondary education are influenced by a number of factors. Government educational policies, the economy, the job market for graduates, an institution's mission, educational resources, and changes in technology are but a few agents which impact curriculum planning and design. Although one may not ignore external or organisational pressures on the curriculum, too little attention has been paid to how educational beliefs and values influence academic plans. Tacit beliefs and underlying assumptions about educational purpose, content, teaching strategies, students, and evaluations schemes are strong agents in academic planning. Unfortunately, faculty seldom notice how their educational beliefs and values affect curricular decisions. To make matters worse, educators are equally unaware of the wide spectrum of educational opinion within their field. Curricular decisions thus produce much misunderstanding, frustration, tension, and conflict. This study has three goals. The first is to identify and analyse the different educational orientations—here limited to music—and how they affect academic plans. Second, I wish to explore the components of curriculum design and the underlying tensions that exist amongst various conceptions of education. And third, I mean to see if and how different educational orientations can co-exist in academic plans. With a better understanding of the spectrum of educational orientations and the elements of academic plans, faculty and administrators can make informed curricular decisions. This work is comprised of five chapters. Chapter one surveys different educational orientations of music education, how they affect curriculum planning and design, and the relationship these may have. The second chapter is a conceptual analysis of purpose, content, students, teaching strategies, and evaluation, to see how these forces impact on curriculum decision-making. The third chapter examines how even a universally accepted educational ideal, liberal education, can be the centre of debate because of conflicting prior educational beliefs. It briefly probes what relationship, if any, different understandings of liberal education have with each other. Chapter four considers the appeal and problems of integrating sharply different educational theories in a single curriculum. Finally, chapter five briefly explores what role social psychology may play in reducing conflict between faculty members whose beliefs and values differ. In all of these, the example of music plays a part.
The Position Losing of Animal Husbandry in Agriculture
Creators: name: Zsolt, Nemessalyi
name: Zsolt, Nemessalyi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Hungary
subject: animal husbandry
subject: economic efficiency
subject: prices
subject: subsidies
subject: profit

description: The author in the presentation deals with the fact that what caused the decline of animal husbandry in contrast with plant production; how this unfavourable ratio of 60:40 could evolve when comparing plant production and animal husbandry What the reason is for the decreasing animal stock; and how the effect of changes in the elements of the economic efficiency such as yields, prices, subsidies, production value, inputs, costs, profits can be evaluated in case of more important animal husbandry enterprises highlighting several significant animal products.
Analysis of consumer habits and attitudes on the Hungarian beef and rabbit market
Creators: name: Szakaly, Zoltan
name: Szigeti, Orsolya
name: Szente, Viktoria
name: Szakaly, Zoltan
name: Szigeti, Orsolya
name: Szente, Viktoria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: beef
subject: rabbit
subject: consumer preferences and attitudes
subject: nutritional benefits
subject: consumption frequency

description: As a consortium partner the authors took part in a research project aiming at the development of high added value, healthy and environment friendly animal products. From among the products developed by the consortium (rabbit meat, omega3-fatty acid enriched beef, goose liver from non forcible feeding, selenium-, vitamin-E and natural color enriched eggs) the present study describes the results concerning beef and rabbit meat. The given products are chosen because they are produced in and exported from Hungary in considerable quantities and their competitiveness can be further improved. In order to able to map the consumer preferences a 300 count nationwide, representative, questionnaire based survey was designed and performed. Actual products were tested by focus groups and professional interviews. Beside the specific features of the products a common character is that the marketing strategy focuses on the distinctive nutritional benefits and other quality parameters that seem to be of crucial importance for the targeted consumer segment. Their unique character and health protecting effects make their branding and using community labeling easy. Their positioning points toward the prestige products therefore consumers tend to accept higher prices. In marketing communication the image building advertisement can be a common goal.
Microfinance Institutions: Does Capital Structure Matter?
Creators: name: Bogan, Vicki
name: Bogan, Vicki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Microfinance Institutions
subject: capital structure

description: Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have risen to the forefront as invaluable institutions in the development process. Nevertheless, capital constraints have hindered the expansion of microfinance programs such that the demand for financial services still far exceeds the currently available supply. Moreover, it is observed that microfinance organizations have had various degrees of sustainability. Thus, the question of how best to fund these programs is a key issue. Recognizing the potential of microfinance in the development process, this paper examines the existing sources of funding for MFIs by geographic region, and explores how changes in capital structure could facilitate future growth and improve the efficiency and financial sustainability of MFIs. Using panel data, I establish a link between capital structure and key measures of MFI success. Notably, I find causal evidence supporting the assertion that an increased use of grants by MFIs decreases operational self-sufficiency.
Probing electronic and magnetic transitions of short periodic nickelate superlattices using synchrotron x-ray
Creators: name: Middey, S.
name: Patel, Ranjan Kumar
name: Meyers, D.
name: Shafer, P.
name: Kareev, M.
name: Freeland, J. W.
name: Kim, J. -W.
name: Ryan, P. J.
name: Chakhalian, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal based oxide heterostructures exhibit diverse emergent phenomena e.g. two dimensional electron gas, superconductivity, non-collinear magnetic phase, ferroelectricity, polar vortices, topological Hall effect etc., which are absent in the constituent bulk oxides. The microscopic understandings of these properties in such nanometer thick materials are extremely challenging. Synchrotron x-ray based techniques such as x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), resonant x-ray scattering (RXS), resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS), x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, etc. are essential to elucidating the response of lattice, charge, orbital, and spin degrees of freedoms to the heterostructuring. As a prototypical case of complex behavior, rare-earth nickelates (RENiO3 with RE=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Lu) based thin films and heterostructures have been investigated quite extensively in recent years. An extensive body of literature about these systems exists and for an overview of the field, we refer the interested readers to the recent reviews Annual Review of Materials Research 46, 305 (2016) and Reports on Progress in Physics 81, 046501 (2018). In the present article, we give a brief review that concentrates on the use of synchrotron based techniques to investigate a specific set of EuNiO3/LaNiO3 superlattices, specifically designed to solve a long-standing puzzle about the origin of simultaneous electronic, magnetic and structural transitions of the RENiO3 series.
description: Invited Review Article
Are Higher 529 College Savings Plan Fees Linked to Greater State Tax Incentives?
Creators: name: Bogan, Vicki
name: Bogan, Vicki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: 529 College Savings Plan
subject: state tax rate

description: Despite the fact that 529 College Savings Plans have existed for over a decade, there has been limited scholarly attention on investment questions related to this savings vehicle. In some of the first academic literature on this topic, Alexander and Luna (Supplement 2005) identified a surprising relationship between 529 College Savings Plan participation and plan fees. They found a positive relationship between participation rates and fees. While they link this counterintuitive result to plan marketing efforts by brokers, I propose an alternative view. In my data which covers a five year time span, I find no significant relationship between participation rates and fees. However, when investigating the tax incidence with respect to 529 plans, I find a positive relationship between state tax rates and 529 plan fees. This suggests that investment companies could be opportunistically setting fees to usurp the benefits which state governments intended for investors. Since state tax incentives are designed to induce participation and plan fees (by design) are correlated with these incentives, the positive link between plan fees and participation becomes less of a puzzle.
PHENIX probing forward/small-x dynamics from hadron production
Creators: name: Lim, Sanghoon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: qm19
phenix
small systems
small-x
cnm effects
hadron
p+al
p+au
nuclear
modification
raa
muon arms
muon identifier
muon tracker

description: Poster presented at the Quark Matter 2019 conference. Study of particle production in small collision systems helps to understand cold nuclear matter effects. Recent results also show collective behaviors in small collision systems. PHENIX results are presented.
Implementing a New Trade Paradigm: Opportunities for Agricultural Trade Regionalism in the Pacific Rim
Creators: name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Lin, Chin-Zen
name: Gleckler, James
name: Rask, Norman
name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Lin, Chin-Zen
name: Gleckler, James
name: Rask, Norman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The objective of this paper is to analyze the economic implications for American food producers, consumers, and society of alternative Pacific Rim free trade region (FIR) configurations.
On the effective string spectrum of the tridimensional Z(2) gauge model
Creators: name: Caselle, Michele
name: Hasenbusch, Martin
name: Panero, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Z(2) lattice gauge theory in three dimensions, and present high precision estimates for the first few energy levels of the string spectrum. These results are obtained from new numerical data for the two-point Polyakov loop correlation function, which is measured in the 3d Ising spin system using duality. This allows us to perform a stringent comparison with the predictions of effective string models. We find a remarkable agreement between the numerical estimates and the Nambu-Goto predictions for the energy gaps at intermediate and large distances. The precision of our data allows to distinguish clearly between the predictions of the full Nambu-Goto action and the simple free string model up to an interquark distance $r \approx 10/\sqrtσ$. At the same time, our results also confirm the breakdown of the effective picture at short distances, supporting the hypothesis that terms which are not taken into account in the usual Nambu-Goto string formulation yield a non-trivial shift to the energy levels. Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical implications of these results.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures
Empirical Analysis of Stanchion and Parlor Milking Cost on New York Dairy Farms
Creators: name: Katsumata, Kentaro
name: Tauer, Loren W.
name: Katsumata, Kentaro
name: Tauer, Loren W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Milking Costs
subject: Stanchion
subject: Parlor
subject: New York Dairy Farms

description: This paper empirically estimates cost functions for two milking technologies, stanchion and parlor, using farm level data from New York dairy farms for the years 1993 through 2002. A translog cost function was estimated along with input cost share equations for each milking technology by Iterative Seemingly Unrelated Regression. Any pair of inputs among feed, hired Labor, and cows had some degree of substitutability except for a pair of feed and hired labor evaluated by the Allen elasticity, and that of hired labor and feed evaluated by the Morishima elasticity. Additionally, economies of scale were found to exist over the entire range of output levels of the samples. The cost of stanchion technology was lower than that of parlor technology over the sample range of output levels of stanchion technology, but because parlor using farms were larger and costs continually decline, parlor using farms eventually experience lower costs than farms milking with stanchions.
Graded Off-diagonal Bethe ansatz solution of the $SU(2|2)$ spin chain model with generic integrable boundaries
Creators: name: Xu, Xiaotian
name: Cao, Junpeng
name: Qiao, Yi
name: Yang, Wen-Li
name: Shi, Kangjie
name: Wang, Yupeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The graded off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method is proposed to study supersymmetric quantum integrable models (i.e., quantum integrable models associated with superalgebras). As an example, the exact solutions of the $SU(2|2)$ vertex model with both periodic and generic open boundary conditions are constructed. By generalizing the fusion techniques to the supersymmetric case, a closed set of operator product identities about the transfer matrices are derived, which allows us to give the eigenvalues in terms of homogeneous or inhomogeneous $T-Q$ relations. The method and results provided in this paper can be generalized to other high rank supersymmetric quantum integrable models.
description: Published version, 37 pages, no figure
Agricultural Trade Liberalization: Implications for Productive Factors in the U.S.
Creators: name: Liapis, Peter S.
name: Shane, Mathew
name: Liapis, Peter S.
name: Shane, Mathew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This report presents preliminary results of impacts on factors of production in the United States, following reductions in assistance to agriculture. Analysis was conducted by modifying the production structure of the U.S. country model in SWOPSIM to explicitly include inputs employed by agriculture. The results indicate that it is important to adequately model the production technology and include inputs, otherwise simulation results may not capture the impact of liberalization on input use and may not adequately represent changes in producer income.
A Critique of Computable General Equilibrium Models for Trade Policy Analysis
Creators: name: Hazledine, Tim
name: Hazledine, Tim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The paper will deal in turn with three sets of modelling issues: the question of 'data'; the 'micro' problem of specifying market behaviour, and the. 'macro' issue of 'closing' the models in aggregate. I will conclude with some suggestions for future research. The basic theme of the paper is this: CGE modelling is essentially a conservative or 'neoclassical' scientific endeavour, and exhibits the strengths and weaknesses of neoclassicism. And as for the recent injection of apparently nonneoclassical imperfect competition or industrial organization (IO) concepts into CGE, though, as an 10 specialist myself I certainly welcome this in principle, I have doubts about the usefulness of the practice.
Hadamard renormalization of the stress-energy tensor for a quantized scalar field in a general spacetime of arbitrary dimension
Creators: name: Décanini, Yves
name: Folacci, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the Hadamard renormalization of the stress-energy tensor for a massive scalar field theory defined on a general spacetime of arbitrary dimension. Our formalism could be helpful in treating some aspects of the quantum physics of extra spatial dimensions. More precisely, for spacetime dimension up to six, we explicitly describe the Hadamard renormalization procedure and for spacetime dimension from seven to eleven, we provide the framework permitting the interested reader to perform this procedure explicitly in a given spacetime. We complete our study (i) by considering the ambiguities of the Hadamard renormalization of the stress-energy tensor and the corresponding ambiguities for the trace anomaly, (ii) by providing the expressions of the gravitational counterterms involved in the renormalization process (iii) by discussing the connections between Hadamard renormalization and renormalization in the effective action. All our results are expanded on standard bases for Riemann polynomials constructed from group theoretical considerations and thus given on irreducible forms.
description: v1:16 pages - v2:26 pages
Poesie di S. Nilo Iuniore e di Paolo Monaco, Abbati di Grottaferrata
Creators: name: Gassisi, Sofronio
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 5 (1905): Oriens christianus, Band 5
Observing Cluster Galaxies and their Progenitors with JDEM
Creators: name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) is expected to have a field-of-view that is several orders of magnitude larger than that of current instruments on the Hubble Space Telescope, with only slightly reduced sensitivity and resolution. This contribution gives a brief discussion of the impact that JDEM would have on studies of galaxies in clusters at 0.5
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the conference proceedings of "Wide Field Imaging from Space" (published in New Astronomy Reviews), eds. T. McKay, A. Fruchter, and E. Linder
Social Preferences and Voting: An Exploration Using a Novel Preference Revealing Mechanism
Creators: name: Messer, Kent D.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Rondeau, Daniel
name: Schulze, William D.
name: Vossler, Christian A.
name: Messer, Kent D.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Rondeau, Daniel
name: Schulze, William D.
name: Vossler, Christian A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Public referenda are frequently used to determine the provision of public goods. As public programs have distributional consequences, a compelling question is what role if any social preferences have on voting behavior. This paper explores this issue using laboratory experiments wherein voting outcomes lead to a known distribution of net benefits across participants. Preferences are elicited using a novel Random Price Voting Mechanism (RPVM), which is a more parsimonious mechanism than dichotomous choice referenda, but gives consistent results. Results suggest that social preferences, in particular a social efficiency motive, lead to economically meaningful deviations from self-interested voting choices and increase the likelihood that welfare-enhancing programs are implemented.
Whither European Community Common Agricultural Policy, MacSharried, or Dunkeled in the GATT?
Creators: name: Roningen, Vernon O.
name: Roningen, Vernon O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: The Uruguay Round of trade negotiations in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) has been deadlocked over disagreement between the European Community (EC) and other GATT members about policy reform in agriculture. Last July, Mr. MacSharry, the EC Agriculture Commissioner, proposed an internal reform of the EC Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Meanwhile, Mr. Dunkel of the GATT Secretariat has proposed a compromise GATT agreement that would reduce support to agriculture in the EC and other member countries. This paper summarizes these two proposals for agriculture and compares the effect of their implementation by the EC. The two proposals are then contrasted from an EC policy management viewpoint.
Assessing Model Assumptions in Trade Liberalization Modeling: An Application to SWOPSIM
Creators: name: Herlihy, Michael
name: Haley, Stephen L.
name: Johnston, Brian G.
name: Herlihy, Michael
name: Haley, Stephen L.
name: Johnston, Brian G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Acreage reduction programs
subject: slippage
subject: deficiency payments
subject: economic model
subject: trade liberalization
subject: supply elasticity
subject: SWOPSIK

description: This report reviews research on the effectiveness of acreage reduction programs and describes the methodology developed for the Static World Policy Simulation (SWOPSIM) modeling framework to capture the effect of removing these programs. It also analyzes the results of several sensitivity tests of a SWOPSIM model used by the Economic Research Service to study the effects of agricultural trade liberalization. Assumptions concerning how U.S. acreage reduction programs are modeled significantly influence predictions as to how trade liberalization affects commodity prices, production, and trade. However, these assumptions do not significantly influence predictions of how trade liberalization affects producer welfare. In terms of trade liberalization analysis, more crucial are the assumptions regarding agricultural commodity supply elasticities and the degree to which U.S. agricultural policies are decoup1ed from production.
Incorporating Nutrients in Food Demand Analysis
Creators: name: Chung, Rebecca H.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Chung, Rebecca H.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This study explored the roles of nutrients in the demand for food through utility theory. The findings support the argument that nutrients play important roles in the demand for food. The 1987-88 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey data were used. The impacts of six nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, digestible fibers, and proteins) on the demand for five food groups (dairy, meats, vegetables and fruits, grain products, and other foods) were studied using the Rotterdam demand system.
Demand for Nutrients: The Household Production Approach
Creators: name: Chung, Rebecca H.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Chung, Rebecca H.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: nutrient
subject: household production theory
subject: demand

description: This study uses the household production theory to study the demand for nutrients, i.e., households purchase a combination of food items from the market and produce the needed nutrients from these food items. By following the traditional household production approach, shadow prices for nutrients in food consumption are calculated. The cost function that generates the shadow prices appears plausible in terms of its elasticities of substitution and factor demand. After obtaining the calculated shadow prices of nutrients, the nutrient demand functions are estimated. Results show that the own-price elasticity of demand for nutrient is inelastic, whereas the expenditure elasticities indicate that nutrients are normal goods. Crossprice elasticities show that there appears to be complementarity in the demand for nutrients. This seems a logical result.