cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system (Levosert®)/Liletta®) in contraception: a profile of its use
Creators: name: Lyseng-Williamson, Katherine A.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: DeclarationsFunding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Authorship and conflicts of interest K.A. Lyseng-Williamson is a salaried employee of Adis International Limited/Springer Nature and an editor of Drugs & Therapy Perspectives. She was not involved in any publishing decisions for this manuscript and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content. Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable.Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here
Abstract Levosert® (EU)/Liletta® (USA) is a levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing intrauterine system (IUS) containing 52 mg of LNG. It was the first LNG-releasing IUS approved for use for up to 6 years, with daily LNG release rates being sufficient to provide contraception over at least this time period. In the efficacy population (1600 women aged 16–35 years) of the key ongoing 10-year ACCESS IUS trial, Levosert/Liletta 52 mg was highly effective in preventing pregnancy and improving bleeding patterns. Levosert/Liletta 52 mg also reduces heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), with no differences in improvements in HMB outcomes between Levosert/Liletta 52 mg and Mirena® 52 mg in a 1-year trial, and no reports of HMB by the end of cycle 2 in 75% of 150 women with self-reported baseline HMB in ACCESS IUS. In the ACCESS IUS safety population (1751 women aged 16–45 years), the tolerability of Levosert/Liletta 52 mg was consistent with the known profile of LNG-releasing IUSs, with few treatment-related serious adverse events or complications. IUSs releasing LNG 52 mg offer the convenience of less frequent insertion than IUSs releasing LNG 13.5 or 19.5 mg, and may be of particular value in women with HMB wanting long-acting reversible contraception.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
I-band-like non-dispersive inter-shell interaction induced Raman lines in the D band region of double-walled carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Gyimesi, Bálint
name: Koltai, János
name: Zólyomi, Viktor
name: Kürti, Jenő
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-dispersive, inter-layer interaction induced Raman peaks (I bands) -- in the region of the D band -- have been observed recently for bilayer graphene, when the two layers were rotated with respect to each other. Here, similar observations for double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are theoretically predicted. The prediction is based on double resonance theory, involving non-zone-centered phonons, and the effect of disorder is replaced by interaction between the two tubes.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Design, development and on-field testing of advanced solutions for monitoring, diagnosis and fault mitigation of SOFCs
Creators: name: Gallo, Marco
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: ING-IND/08 MACCHINE A FLUIDO
subject: SOFC
subject: EIS
subject: Diagnosis

description: 2018 - 2019
description: The work presented in this thesis is aimed at developing an advanced algorithm to monitor the State of Health (SoH) of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). Then a computational structure has been implemented for the diagnosis of fuel cells faults along with a set of strategies for mitigation actions. The main idea is to apply advanced methods based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for diagnosis. Then, EIS and Conventional approaches are used to infer on the SOFC system status and to predict its Remaining Useful Life (RUL). Moreover, all those approaches are applied to provide helpful guidelines on possible mitigation countermeasures to be actuated in case of faults. SOFCs can play a bene cial role in the World's changing energy landscape, being one of the most suitable alternatives to conventional energy production systems for stationary power generation, co-generation and Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). In the last decade, the enhancement of these SOFC-based products has opened perspectives and opportunities that make them valid solutions to contribute to the energy decarbonization scenario. In Europe, their deployment is still limited by high manufacturing costs and limited lifetime due to faulty operations and degradation processes (i.e. leakage, carbon deposition, anode reoxidation, poisoning, etc.), which reduce cell performance during time and can lead to failures in the main components (i.e. the cells). As far as maintenance and warranty expenses are concerned, it is clear that increased reliability and lifetime will contribute to the reduction of SOFCs operating costs and their further market success. .. [edited by Author]
Backward Raman amplification in the Langmuir wavebreaking regime
Creators: name: Toroker, Z.
name: Malkin, V. M.
name: Fisch, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In plasma-based backward Raman amplifiers, the output pulse intensity increases with the input pump pulse intensity, as long as the Langmuir wave mediating energy transfer from the pump to the seed pulse remains intact. However, at high pump intensity, the Langmuir wave breaks, at which point the amplification efficiency may no longer increase with the pump intensity. Numerical simulations presented here, employing a 1D Vlasov-Maxwell code, show that, although the amplification efficiency remains high when the pump only mildly exceeds the wavebreaking threshold, the efficiency drops precipitously at larger pump intensities.
Physical aspects of oracles for randomness, and Hadamard's conjecture
Creators: name: Svozil, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the physical aspects and origins of currently proposed oracles for (absolute) randomness.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1405.1405
Collective Expansion at the LHC: selected ALICE anisotropic flow measurements
Creators: name: Snellings, Raimond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collective expansion of matter created in collisions of heavy-ions, ranging from collision energies of tens of MeV to a few TeV per nucleon pair, proved to be one of the best probes to study the detailed properties of these unknown states of matter. Collective expansion originates from the initial pressure gradients in the created hot and dense matter. These pressure gradients transform the initial spatial deformations and inhomogeneities of the created matter into momentum anisotropies of the final state particle production, which we call anisotropic flow. These momentum anisotropies are experimentally characterised by so-called flow harmonics. In this paper I review ALICE measurements of the flow harmonics at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and discuss some of the open questions.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, invited review for J. Phys. G Focus Issue on "Collective flow and transport phenomena in heavy ion physics" Edited by Takeshi Kodama, Nu Xu and Horst Stoecker
BASE fosters FAIR
Creators: name: Czerniak, Andreas
name: Summann, Friedrich
name: Pieper, Dirk
name: Schirrwagen, Jochen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine) is one of the world's most voluminous search engines, especially for academic web resources. BASE indexes more than 310 million documents from more than 10,000 content providers (institutional repositories, journals, digital collections, etc.). About 60% of the indexed documents are open access. BASE is operated by Bielefeld University Library since 2004 and offers several services to reuse the aggregated, normalised and enriched index data in other search services. Since 2017 authors can claim their works in BASE using the "ORCID Search & Link Wizard".
 In 2022, BASE registered to the EOSC marketplace. base-search.net
Quantum Singularities
Creators: name: Bousso, Raphael
name: Shahbazi-Moghaddam, Arvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two spatial regions $B$ and $R$ are hyperentangled if the generalized entropy satisfies $S_{\text{gen}}^{B\cup R}
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, some minor corrections
The host galaxies of X-ray selected Active Galactic Nuclei to z=2.5: Structure, star-formation and their relationships from CANDELS and Herschel/PACS
Creators: name: Rosario, D. J.
name: McIntosh, D. H.
name: van der Wel, A.
name: Kartaltepe, J.
name: Lang, P.
name: Santini, P.
name: Wuyts, S.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Rafelski, M.
name: Villforth, C.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Bell, E. F.
name: Berta, S.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Dekel, A.
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Ferguson, H. C.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Grogin, N. A.
name: Kocevski, D. D.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Koo, D. C.
name: Lotz, J. M.
name: Magnelli, B.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Mozena, M.
name: Mullaney, J. R.
name: Papovich, C. J.
name: Popesso, P.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Trump, J. R.
name: Avadhuta, S.
name: Bassett, R.
name: Bell, A.
name: Bernyk, M.
name: Bournaud, F.
name: Cassata, P.
name: Cheung, E.
name: Croton, D.
name: Donley, J.
name: DeGroot, L.
name: Guedes, J.
name: Hathi, N.
name: Herrington, J.
name: Hilton, M.
name: Lai, K.
name: Lani, C.
name: Martig, M.
name: McGrath, E.
name: Mutch, S.
name: Mortlock, A.
name: McPartland, C.
name: O'Leary, E.
name: Peth, M.
name: Pillepich, A.
name: Poole, G.
name: Snyder, D.
name: Straughn, A.
name: Telford, O.
name: Tonini, C.
name: Wandro, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between the structure and star-formation rate (SFR) of X-ray selected low and moderate luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the two Chandra Deep Fields, using Hubble Space Telescope imaging from the Cosmic Assembly Near Infrared Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) and deep far-infrared maps from the PEP+GOODS-Herschel survey. We derive detailed distributions of structural parameters and FIR luminosities from carefully constructed control samples of galaxies, which we then compare to those of the AGNs. At z~1, AGNs show slightly diskier light profiles than massive inactive (non-AGN) galaxies, as well as modestly higher levels of gross galaxy disturbance (as measured by visual signatures of interactions and clumpy structure). In contrast, at z~2, AGNs show similar levels of galaxy disturbance as inactive galaxies, but display a red central light enhancement, which may arise due to a more pronounced bulge in AGN hosts or due to extinguished nuclear light. We undertake a number of tests of these alternatives, but our results do not strongly favour one interpretation over the other. The mean SFR and its distribution among AGNs and inactive galaxies are similar at z>1.5. At z<1, however, clear and significant enhancements are seen in the SFRs of AGNs with bulge-dominated light profiles. These trends suggest an evolution in the relation between nuclear activity and host properties with redshift, towards a minor role for mergers and interactions at z>1.5.
description: 25 pages (double-column), 17 Figures, under review at A&A
Review of NanosheetTransistors Technology
Creators: name: Natheer, Firas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400802
subject: Electrical circuits and systems

description: Nano-sheet transistor can be defined as a stacked horizontally gate surrounding the
channel on all direction. This new structure is earning extremely attention from
research to cope the restriction of current Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET) structure.
To further understand the characteristics of nano-sheet transistors, this paper presents a
review of this new nano-structure of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect
Transistor (MOSFET), this new device that consists of a metal gate material. Lateral
nano-sheet FET is now targeting for 3nm Complementary MOS (CMOS) technology
node. In this review, the structure and characteristics of Nano-Sheet FET (NSFET),
FinFET and NanoWire FET (NWFET) under 5nm technology node are presented and
compared. According to the comparison, the NSFET shows to be more impregnable to
mismatch in ON current than NWFET. Furthermore, as comparing with other nano
dimensional transistors, the NSFET has the superior control of gate all-around
structures, also the NWFET realize lower mismatch in sub threshold slope (SS) and
drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL)
Colorectal cancer in young adults: improving identification and management of familial gastrointestinal cancer syndromes
Creators: name: Anele, Chukwuemeka Chima
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: This thesis evaluates colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes in young adults and explores various approaches of improving identification and management of individuals with genetic familial gastrointestinal (GI) cancer syndromes such as Lynch syndrome (LS) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Several research methodologies were utilised to address various hypothesis. Firstly, we evaluated differences in clinicopathological features between early onset CRC (adults less than 40 years of age) and late onset CRC and the prevalence of familial gastrointestinal (GI) cancer syndromes in the young adults with CRC. This thesis demonstrated that 28% of EOCRC had hereditary GI cancer syndromes. The rectum was the most common site of CRC and EOCRC tend to present with poor histological features and advanced disease. Although young age was not an independent prognostic factor, EOCRC had worse diseasefree survival. To improve management of individuals at risk of EOCRC, this thesis explored phenotypic and genotypic factors that can be optimised to improve diagnosis, surveillance and surgical Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults: Improving Identification and Management of Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Syndromes 4 outcomes in LS and FAP. In FAP, we demonstrated that attenuated FAP is an obsolete term due to observed phenotypic and genotypic variability. We also found that the rate of adenoma of progression in the preoperative colorectum and postoperative rectal remnant was slow (12.5 and 5.5 polyps/year respectively). Therefore, tailored endoscopic surveillance and polypectomy (rectum) are appropriate surveillance strategies. Furthermore, surgical outcomes in individuals undergoing prophylactic surgery for can be improved by ileodistal anastomosis (IDSA), a modification of the conventional ileorectal anastomosis. Finally, this thesis demonstrates that pre-operative screening for LS using mismatch repair immunohistochemistry (MMR IHC) testing on preoperative endoscopic biopsy and metastatic tissue is feasible. In the event of LS CRC, a systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that extended colectomy should be considered in young individuals with higher risk MMR pathogenic variant to reduce the risk of metachronous CRC.
title: Brief von Jerzy Osiatyński an Josef Steindl
Creators: name: Osiatyński, Jerzy
Year: 2017

description: Mit handschriftlichen Grußworten, Unterschrift und Postskriptum. - Auf der Rückseite befinden sich handschriftliche Notizen von Josef Steindl.
description: Typoskript, 1 Blatt, 2 Seiten
A symmetry perspective of the Riemann zeros
Creators: name: Kalauni, Pushpa
name: Panigrahi, Prasanta K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between the zeros of the Riemann zeta function and physical systems exhibiting supersymmetry, $PT$ symmetry and $SU(2)$ group symmetry. Our findings demonstrate that unbroken supersymmetry is associated with the presence of non-trivial zeros of the zeta function. However, in other cases, supersymmetry is spontaneously broken and the ground state energy of the system is not zero. Moreover, we have established the manifestation of PT symmetry invariance within our supersymmetric system. In addition, our findings provide insights into a $SU(2)$ symmetry that arises within these systems, with the Hilbert space having a two-level structure.
description: 7 pages
Topological charges of periodically kicked molecules
Creators: name: Karle, Volker
name: Ghazaryan, Areg
name: Lemeshko, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the simplest of existing molecules -- closed-shell diatomics not interacting with one another -- host topological charges when driven by periodic far-off-resonant laser pulses. A periodically kicked molecular rotor can be mapped onto a ''crystalline'' lattice in angular momentum space. This allows to define quasimomenta and the band structure in the Floquet representation, by analogy with the Bloch waves of solid-state physics. Applying laser pulses spaced by $1/3$ of the molecular rotational period creates a lattice with three atoms per unit cell with staggered hopping. Within the synthetic dimension of the laser strength, we discover Dirac cones with topological charges. These Dirac cones, topologically protected by reflection and time-reversal symmetry, are reminiscent of (although not equivalent to) that seen in graphene. They -- and the corresponding edge states -- are broadly tunable by adjusting the laser strength and can be observed in present-day experiments by measuring molecular alignment and populations of rotational levels. This paves the way to study controllable topological physics in gas-phase experiments with small molecules as well as to classify dynamical molecular states by their topological invariants.
Proceedings 3rd Workshop on Synthesis
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
name: Ehlers, Rüdiger
name: Jha, Susmit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: B.1.2; D.2.2; F.1.1; F.1.2; I.2.2

description: The idea of synthesis, i.e., the process of automatically computing implementations from their specifications, has recently gained a lot of momentum in the contexts of software engineering and reactive system design. While it is widely believed that, due to complexity/undecidability issues, synthesis cannot completely replace manual engineering, it can assist the process of designing the intricate pieces of code that most programmers find challenging, or help with orchestrating tasks in reactive environments. The SYNT workshop aims to bring together researchers interested in synthesis to discuss and present ongoing and mature work on all aspects of automated synthesis and its applications. The third iteration of the workshop took place in Vienna, Austria, and was co-located with the 26th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, held in the context of the Vienna Summer of Logic in July 2014. The workshop included eight contributed talks and four invited talks. In addition, it featured a special session about the Syntax-Guided Synthesis Competition (SyGuS) and the SyntComp Synthesis competition.
title: Anti-Doping Policy: The Emperor's New Clothes
Creators: name: Morrison, Jo
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2022

description: A sport or game is defined as a “voluntary attempt to overcome unnecessary obstacles” with rules developed to define and shape the goal of the game, control the means of obtaining the goal, and ensure or restore fairness. Anti-doping policy establishes the rules surrounding the testing and sanction of athletes and others for actions related to a Prohibited List of substances and methods. Substances appear on the Prohibited List if they meet two of three criteria: (1) harmful or potentially harmful to an athlete’s health; (2) performance-enhancing or potentially performance-enhancing; and (3) in violation of the ‘Spirit of Sport.’ In this thesis I examine the philosophical justifications for anti-doping policy that are connected to these three criteria. While there is a lack of empirical evidence that appropriately used performance-enhancing substances are harmful, there is evidence that the lack of medical supervision and access to safe medications is causing and allowing harm. There is also a lack of evidence that the substances on the Prohibited List enhance performance, yet they are imbued with this property by their presence on the list. Concerns that performance-enhancing substance use by successful athletes is coercive misplace the coercive influence. It may be that the strongest coercive influence comes from the labeling of a substance as performance-enhancing regardless of its biological effects. Modern, elite sport is a massive commercial enterprise that may itself violate the best intentions of an ill-defined ‘Spirit of Sport.’ Anti-doping policy has evolved and narrowed to serve an ideological purpose and in doing so has become a threat to the health and wellbeing of all individuals involved in fitness and sport.
Awe Sparks Prosociality in Children
Creators: name: Stamkou, Eftychia
name: Brummelman, Eddie
name: Dunham, Rohan
name: Nikolic, Milica
name: Keltner, Dacher
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: art
subject: awe
subject: children
subject: prosociality
subject: psychophysiology

description: In two pre-registered experiments, we explore the effects of awe-eliciting art on children’s prosocial behavior towards an outgroup and their peripheral physiological changes.
Experimental Results on p(d)+A Collisions at RHIC and the LHC
Creators: name: Sickles, Anne M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental results at both the LHC and RHIC show evidence for hydrodynamic behavior in proton-nucleus and deuteron- nucleus collisions (p+A). This unexpected finding has prompted new measurements in p+A collisions in order to understand whether similar matter is created in A+A and p+A collisions or whether some another explanation is needed. In this proceedings, we will discuss the new experimental data and its interpretation within the context of heavy ion collisions.
description: plenary talk given at Quark Matter 2014, Darmstadt, May 2014, v2 has minor corrections
Stability design of steel structures by second order inelastic analysis
Creators: name: Quan, Chunyan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The stability design of steel structures by second order inelastic analysis with strain limits is addressed in this thesis. In the proposed design approach, a geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA) of members and frames is carried out and the ultimate strength of the structure is signified by reaching either the strain limit defined according to the Continuous Strength Method (simulating cross-section failure) or the peak load factor, whichever occurs first. The method has been established for the in-plane design of prismatic structural components. In the present thesis, its scope is extended to the in-plane design of members with three-flanged cross-sections (representing the haunch and apex regions of portal frames) and web-tapered members, subjected to combined loading conditions ranging from pure compression to pure uniform and non-uniform bending. Explicit formulae, which have been developed previously to predict the elastic local buckling stress of single I-sections, are first extended to cover the case of three-flanged cross-sections, subjected to combined loading conditions ranging from pure compression to pure major axis bending. The predictions are shown to be more accurate than the calculations performed on an element-by-element basis – the way in which the local buckling of cross-sections is typically treated in current structural steel design specifications. Attention then turns to the development of the proposed design approach for scenarios in which out-of-plane stability effects, with a focus on lateral-torsional buckling, govern. First, equivalent imperfections for the out-of-stability design of steel and stainless steel members by second order inelastic analysis are established. Then, the existing strain limits for in-plane design are extended to allow for the influence of shear, torsion and warping, to enable their general applicability to three-dimensional buckling problems. It is shown that the proposed design method provides more accurate and consistent ultimate strength predictions than traditional design methods and also streamlines the design process by eliminating the need for cross-section classification and individual member design checks.
Binary Black Hole Accretion During Inspiral and Merger
Creators: name: Farris, Brian D.
name: Duffell, Paul
name: MacFadyen, Andrew I.
name: Haiman, Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of 2D, moving mesh, viscous hydrodynamical simulations of accretion onto merging supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries. We include viscous heating, shock heating, and radiative cooling, and simulate the transition from the "pre-decoupling" epoch, where the inspiral timescale is longer than the viscous timescale, to the "post-decoupling" epoch, where the inspiral timescale is shorter than the viscous timescale. We find that there is no abrupt halt to the accretion at decoupling, but rather the accretion shows a slow decay, with significant accretion well after the expected decoupling. Moreover, we find that the luminosity in X-rays is significantly higher prior to the merger, as orbital energy from the SMBH binary is converted to heat via strong shocks inside the cavity, and radiated away. Following the merger, the cavity refills viscously and the accretion rate relaxes to the Shakura-Sunyaev value, while the X-ray luminosity drops as the shocks quickly dissipate.
Dipole-Coupled Neutrissimo Explanations of the MiniBooNE Excess Including Constraints from MINERvA Data
Creators: name: Kamp, Nicholas W.
name: Hostert, Matheus
name: Schneider, Austin
name: Vergani, Stefano
name: Argüelles, Carlos A.
name: Conrad, Janet M.
name: Shaevitz, Michael H.
name: Uchida, Melissa A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit models of heavy neutral leptons (neutrissimos) with transition magnetic moments as explanations of the $4.8σ$ excess of electron-like events at MiniBooNE. We perform a detailed Monte Carlo-based analysis to re-examine the preferred regions in the model parameter space to explain MiniBooNE, considering also potential contributions from oscillations due to an eV-scale sterile neutrino. We then derive robust constraints on the model using neutrino-electron elastic scattering data from MINERvA. We find that MINERvA rules out a large region of parameter space, but allowed solutions exist at the $2σ$ confidence level. A dedicated MINERvA analysis would likely be able to probe the entire region of preference of MiniBooNE in this model.
description: 14 pages
The effect of combination tocolysis on the inhibition of human myometrial contractions and inflammation in preterm labour
Creators: name: Riaposova, Lucia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current management of preterm labour (PTL) focuses on the reduction of myometrial contractions and has limited efficacy. We hypothesise that combining tocolytics that act via different pathways can lead to additive or synergistic inhibitory effects. Oxytocin (OT) receptor antagonist, atosiban, is the only licensed tocolytic in Europe. A novel prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) receptor antagonist, OBE002, has been developed for management of PTL. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of these tocolytics on myometrial contractility and inflammation. Methods: Human myometrial biopsies from term, non-labouring patients were used for the study of contractility and pro-inflammatory signalling in response to OT and PGF2α stimulation in presence of tocolytics. Results: We have demonstrated that OT- and PGF2α-induced myometrial contractility was suppressed by both atosiban and OBE002 via inhibition of an increase in intracellular calcium levels in response to OT or PGF2α stimulation. The combination of atosiban and OBE002 had an enhanced inhibitory effect on OT-induced, but not PGF2α-induced contractions. Both OT and PGF2α activated pro-inflammatory signalling in human myometrial cells. No significant additive effect was observed for the combination of atosiban and OBE002 on OT- or PGF2α-mediated inflammation but their combination showed a trend of an enhanced inhibitory effect on OT-mediated COX-2 expression. Using proximity ligation assay, we detected interaction between OT and PGF2α receptors, potentially indicating a crosstalk between OT and PGF2α signalling through the formation of heteromers. Conclusion: We have shown that combining atosiban and OBE002 has an additive inhibitory effect on myometrial contractility. Additionally, they both suppress pro-inflammatory effects of OT and PGF2α. This may be through direct receptor interaction leading to functional crosstalk. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential use of combining OT and PGF2α receptor antagonists for the development of future tocolytic strategies.
Two-time Correlations Probing the Dynamics of Dissipative Many-Body Quantum Systems: Aging and Fast Relaxation
Creators: name: Sciolla, Bruno
name: Poletti, Dario
name: Kollath, Corinna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-time correlations are a crucial tool to probe the dynamics of many-body systems. We use these correlation functions to study the dynamics of dissipative quantum systems. Extending the adiabatic elimination method, we show that the correlations can display two distinct behaviors, depending on the observable of interest: a fast exponential decay, with a timescale of the order of the dissipative coupling, or a much slower dynamics. We apply this formalism to bosons in a double well subjected to phase noise. While the single-particle correlations decay exponentially, the density-density correlations display slow aging dynamics. We also show that the two-time correlations of dissipatively engineered quantum states can evolve in a drastically different manner compared to their Hamiltonian counterparts.
description: 5+3 pages, 4+2 figures
COMMUNICATION IN TIMES OF CRISIS AS AN ELEMENT OF BUILDING AN EFFICIENT BRAND
Creators: name: Tworzydło, Dariusz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200104 Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: The presented research results can be used as a route marker by Polish companies, which are now af?fected not only by the global economic crisis, but also in many cases the unwillingness or inability to take actions which may contribute to protecting the company against painful effects of undesirable situations. Basing actions on guidelines that can be derived from these surveys certainly cannot eliminate crises, but can contribute to reducing their severity.
CD1d-dependent rewiring of lipid metabolism in macrophages regulates innate immune responses.
Creators: name: Brailey, Phillip M
name: Evans, Lauren
name: López-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos
name: Sinadinos, Anthony
name: Tyrrel, Victoria
name: Kelly, Gavin
name: O'Donnell, Valerie
name: Ghazal, Peter
name: John, Susan
name: Barral, Patricia
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Model organisms
subject: Tumour Biology
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Genome Integrity & Repair
subject: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Alterations in cellular metabolism underpin macrophage activation, yet little is known regarding how key immunological molecules regulate metabolic programs in macrophages. Here we uncover a function for the antigen presenting molecule CD1d in the control of lipid metabolism. We show that CD1d-deficient macrophages exhibit a metabolic reprogramming, with a downregulation of lipid metabolic pathways and an increase in exogenous lipid import. This metabolic rewiring primes macrophages for enhanced responses to innate signals, as CD1d-KO cells show higher signalling and cytokine secretion upon Toll-like receptor stimulation. Mechanistically, CD1d modulates lipid import by controlling the internalization of the lipid transporter CD36, while blocking lipid uptake through CD36 restores metabolic and immune responses in macrophages. Thus, our data reveal CD1d as a key regulator of an inflammatory-metabolic circuit in macrophages, independent of its function in the control of T cell responses.
Self Tuned Criticality: Controlling a neuron near its bifurcation point via temporal correlations
Creators: name: Moraes, Juliane T.
name: Trejo, Eyisto J. Aguilar
name: Camargo, Sabrina
name: Ferreira, Silvio C.
name: Chialvo, Dante R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Previous work showed that the collective activity of large neuronal networks can be tamed to remain near its critical point by a feedback control that maximizes the temporal correlations of the mean-field fluctuations. Since such correlations behave similarly near instabilities across nonlinear dynamical systems, it is expected that the principle should control also low dimensional dynamical systems exhibiting continuous or discontinuous bifurcations from fixed points to limit cycles. Here we present numerical evidence that the dynamics of a single neuron can be controlled in the vicinity of its bifurcation point. The approach is tested in two models: a 2D generic excitable map and the paradigmatic FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron model. The results show that in both cases, the system can be self-tuned to its bifurcation point by modifying the control parameter according to the first coefficient of the autocorrelation function.
The Three-Loop Splitting Functions in QCD: The Helicity-Dependent Case
Creators: name: Moch, S.
name: Vermaseren, J. A. M.
name: Vogt, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) contributions to the main splitting functions for the evolution of longitudinally polarized parton densities of hadrons in perturbative QCD. The quark-quark and gluon-quark splitting functions have been obtained by extending our previous all Mellin-N calculations to the structure function g_1 in electromagnetic deep-inelastic scattering (DIS). Their quark-gluon and gluon-gluon counterparts have been derived using third-order fixed-N calculations of structure functions in graviton-exchange DIS, relations to the unpolarized case and mathematical tools for systems of Diophantine equations. The NNLO corrections to the splitting functions are small outside the region of small momentum fractions x where they exhibit a large double-logarithmic enhancement, yet the corrections to the evolution of the parton densities can be unproblematic down to at least x about 10^{-4}.
description: 52 pages, Latex, 10 figures. FORM and Fortran files of the main results available with the source
Cooperative quantum information erasure
Creators: name: Buffoni, Lorenzo
name: Campisi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an information erasure protocol that resets $N$ qubits at once. The method displays exceptional performances in terms of energy cost (it operates nearly at Landauer energy cost $kT \ln 2$), time duration ($\sim μs$) and erasure success rate ($\sim 99,9\%$). The method departs from the standard algorithmic cooling paradigm by exploiting cooperative effects associated to the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking which are amplified by quantum tunnelling phenomena. Such cooperative quantum erasure protocol is experimentally demonstrated on a commercial quantum annealer and could be readily applied in next generation hybrid gate-based/quantum-annealing quantum computers, for fast, effective, and energy efficient initialisation of quantum processing units.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
HOLISMOKES -- IX. Neural network inference of strong-lens parameters and uncertainties from ground-based images
Creators: name: Schuldt, S.
name: Cañameras, R.
name: Shu, Y.
name: Suyu, S. H.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Meinhardt, T.
name: Leal-Taixé, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling of strong gravitational lenses is a necessity for further applications in astrophysics and cosmology. Especially with the large number of detections in current and upcoming surveys such as the Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), it is timely to investigate in automated and fast analysis techniques beyond the traditional and time consuming Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling methods. Building upon our convolutional neural network (CNN) presented in Schuldt et al. (2021b), we present here another CNN, specifically a residual neural network (ResNet), that predicts the five mass parameters of a Singular Isothermal Ellipsoid (SIE) profile (lens center $x$ and $y$, ellipticity $e_x$ and $e_y$, Einstein radius $θ_E$) and the external shear ($γ_{ext,1}$, $γ_{ext,2}$) from ground-based imaging data. In contrast to our CNN, this ResNet further predicts a 1$σ$ uncertainty for each parameter. To train our network, we use our improved pipeline from Schuldt et al. (2021b) to simulate lens images using real images of galaxies from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey (HSC) and from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field as lens galaxies and background sources, respectively. We find overall very good recoveries for the SIE parameters, while differences remain in predicting the external shear. From our tests, most likely the low image resolution is the limiting factor for predicting the external shear. Given the run time of milli-seconds per system, our network is perfectly suited to predict the next appearing image and time delays of lensed transients in time. Therefore, we also present the performance of the network on these quantities in comparison to our simulations. Our ResNet is able to predict the SIE and shear parameter values in fractions of a second on a single CPU such that we are able to process efficiently the huge amount of expected galaxy-scale lenses in the near future.
description: 17 pages, including 11 figures, published with A&A
Vacuum (meta-)stability in the $\mu \nu SSM$
Creators: name: Biekoetter, Thomas
name: Heinemeyer, Sven
name: Weiglein, Georg
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530
subject: vacuum: stability
subject: sneutrino: right-handed
subject: potential: scalar
subject: lifetime
subject: electroweak interaction
subject: vacuum state
subject: tunneling
subject: long-lived

description: We perform an analysis of the vacuum stability of the neutral scalar potential of the $\mu $-from-$\nu $ Supersymmetric Standard Model ($\mu \nu $SSM). As an example scenario, we discuss the alignment without decoupling limit of the $\mu \nu $SSM, for which the required conditions on the Higgs sector are derived. We demonstrate that in this limit large parts of the parameter space feature unphysical minima that are deeper than the electroweak minimum. In order to estimate the lifetime of the electroweak vacuum, we calculate the rates for the tunneling process into each unphysical minimum. We find that in many cases the resulting lifetime is longer than the age of the universe, such that the considered parameter region is not excluded. On the other hand, we also find parameter regions in which the electroweak vacuum is short-lived. We investigate how the different regions of stability are related to the presence of light right-handed sneutrinos. Accordingly, a vacuum stability analysis that accurately takes into account the possibility of long-lived metastable vacua is crucial for a reliable assessment of the phenomenological viability of the parameter space of the $\mu \nu $SSM and its resulting phenomenology at the (HL)-LHC.
Measuring blood flow and pro-inflammatory changes in the rabbit aorta
Creators: name: Riemer, Kai
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that develops as a consequence of progressive entrapment of low density lipoprotein, fibrous proteins and inflammatory cells in the arterial intima. Once triggered, a myriad of inflammatory and atherogenic factors mediate disease progression. However, the role of pro-inflammatory activity in the initiation of atherogenesis and its relation to altered mechanical stresses acting on the arterial wall is unclear. Estimation of wall shear stress (WSS) and the inflammatory mediator NF-κB is consequently useful. In this thesis novel ultrasound tools for accurate measurement of spatiotemporally varying 2D and 3D blood flow, with and without the use of contrast agents, have been developed. This allowed for the first time accurate, broad-view quantification of WSS around branches of the rabbit abdominal aorta. A thorough review of the evidence for a relationship between flow, NF-κB and disease was performed which highlighted discrepancies in the current literature and was used to guide the study design. Subsequently, methods for the measurement and colocalization of the spatial distribution of NF-κB, arterial permeability and nuclear morphology in the aorta of New Zealand White rabbits were developed. It was demonstrated that endothelial pro-inflammatory changes are spatially correlated with patterns of WSS, nuclear morphology and arterial permeability in vivo in the rabbit descending and abdominal aorta. The data are consistent with a causal chain between WSS, macromolecule uptake, inflammation and disease, and with the hypothesis that lipids are deposited first, through flow-mediated naturally occurring transmigration that, in excessive amounts, leads to subsequent inflammation and disease.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of three-dimensional chiral photonic crystals
Creators: name: Thiel, Michael
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2010
Subjects: photonic crystals
chiral
helix
microfabrication

description: In this thesis, we have investigated an exciting subclass of photonic nanostructures: Chiral three-dimensional photonic crystals. We have fabricated several high-quality structures by using direct laser writing and have characterized them by transmission experiments and numerical calculations. This material class shows a high potential for applications because of intense response to circularly polarized light.
Model of the diagnostic field as an element of support for public relations activities in the crisis
Creators: name: Tworzydło, Dariusz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200104 Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: One of the key issues related to crisis management is awareness combined with the actual state of preparation. Not always awareness goes hand in hand with the resources and documentation that the company has. This is the subject of analysis carried out within the diagnostic square, which is an attempt to capture within one analysis two key planes in image crisis situations: the actual situation and the declared preparation on the part of managers.
Molecular line emission in NGC1068 imaged with ALMA: II. The chemistry of the dense molecular gas
Creators: name: Viti, S.
name: García-Burillo, S.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Hunt, L. K.
name: Usero, A.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Eckart, A.
name: Martin, S.
name: Spaans, M.
name: Muller, S.
name: Combes, F.
name: Krips, M.
name: Schinnerer, E.
name: Casasola, V.
name: Costagliola, F.
name: Marquez, I.
name: Planesas, P.
name: van der Werf, P. P.
name: Aalto, S.
name: Baker, A. J.
name: Boone, F.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of ALMA Bands 7 and 9 data of CO, HCO+, HCN and CS, augmented with Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) data of the ~ 200 pc circumnuclear disk (CND) and the ~ 1.3 kpc starburst ring (SB ring) of NGC~1068, a nearby (D = 14 Mpc) Seyfert 2 barred galaxy. We aim at determining the physical characteristics of the dense gas present in the CND and whether the different line intensity ratios we find within the CND as well as between the CND and the SB ring are due to excitation effects (gas density and temperature differences) or to a different chemistry. We estimate the column densities of each species in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE). We then compute large one-dimensional non-LTE radiative transfer grids (using RADEX) by using first only the CO transitions, and then all the available molecules in order to constrain the densities, temperatures and column densities within the CND. We finally present a preliminary set of chemical models to determine the origin of the gas. We find that in general the gas in the CND is very dense (> 10^5 cm^-3) and hot (T> 150K), with differences especially in the temperature across the CND. The AGN position has the lowest CO/HCO+, CO/HCN and CO/CS column density ratios. RADEX analyses seem to indicate that there is chemical differentiation across the CND. We also find differences between the chemistry of the SB ring and some regions of the CND; the SB ring is also much colder and less dense than the CND. Chemical modelling does not succeed in reproducing all the molecular ratios with one model per region, suggesting the presence of multi-gas phase components. The LTE, RADEX and chemical analyses all indicate that more than one gas-phase component is necessary to uniquely fit all the available molecular ratios within the CND.
description: Accepted by A&A; please contact the author for a better version of the pdf where the resolution and positions of figures are as they will appear in the Journal