cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-Model Inference Ranking and Applications to Physics at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Lambert, Valere Regis Westbrooke
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2014
Subjects: AIC
Model Selection
Multimodel Inference
Physics

description: In the measurement of the Higgs Boson decaying into two photons the parametrization of an appropriate background model is essential for fitting the Higgs signal mass peak over a continuous background. This diphoton background modeling is crucial in the statistical process of calculating exclusion limits and the significance of observations in comparison to a background-only hypothesis. It is therefore ideal to obtain knowledge of the physical shape for the background mass distribution as the use of an improper function can lead to biases in the observed limits. Using an Information-Theoretic (I-T) approach for valid inference we apply Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) as a measure of the separation for a fitting model from the data. We then implement a multi-model inference ranking method to build a fit-model that closest represents the Standard Model background in 2013 diphoton data recorded by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Potential applications and extensions of this model-selection technique are discussed with reference to CMS detector performance measurements as well as in potential physics analyses at future detectors.
Allocapnia recta Claassen
Creators: name: Grubbs, Scott A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Capniidae
Allocapnia
Allocapnia recta

description: Allocapnia recta (Claassen)
(Figs. 3A–D)
 Capnella recta Claassen, 1924:44. Holotype male, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Allocapnia recta Frison, 1929:395
 Allocapnia recta Ricker and Ross, 1971:23
 Kondratieff & Kirchner (2000) and Stark et al. (2000) used scanning electron microscopy to elucidate fine details and variability of the 8th abdominal process of A. recta. When viewed dorsally this process varies considerably, including button-like and convex (Kondratieff & Kirchner 2000, Fig. 24), button-like and weaklyincised distally (Kondratieff & Kirchner 2000, Fig. 26), and trilobed and slightly concave distally (Stark et al. 2000, Fig. 9). The deeply-incised form shown initially by Alford (1998, Fig. 5) from Mississippi as A. recta was subsequently described as A. starki by Kondratieff & Kirchner (2000) and illustrated in Nations et al. (2007). Fresh material of A. recta collected from the Paint Rock River drainage in northeastern Alabama and southern Tennessee exhibits a dorsal process that is button-like and weakly-incised distally (Figs. 3A–D) and very similar to Fig. 26 in Kondratieff & Kirchner (2000).
 Material Examined. U.S.A., Alabama, Jackson Co., Dry Creek, Rte. 65, 6 km S Princeton, 18 II 2006, SAG, 1 male, 2 females (WKU); tributary to Paint Rock River, Rte. 65, 7 km S Princeton, 18 II 2006, SAG, 4 males, 1 female (WKU); Paint Rock River, CR 20, 10 km S Princeton, 18 II 2006, SAG, 6 males, 6 females (WKU). Tennessee, Franklin Co., Turkey Creek, Walls of Jericho, 3 km NW Jericho, AL, 9 II 2008, SAG, 1 male (WKU).
description: Published as part of Grubbs, Scott A., 2008, Allocapnia tsalagi, sp. n. and notes on A. recta (Claassen) from the Cumberland Plateau region of northeastern Alabama, U. S. A., pp. 63-68 in Zootaxa 1754 on page 66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181778
Rainbow gravity and scale-invariant fluctuations
Creators: name: Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni
name: Arzano, Michele
name: Gubitosi, Giulia
name: Magueijo, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-examine a recently proposed scenario where the deformed dispersion relations associated with a flow of the spectral dimension to a UV value of 2 leads to a scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological fluctuations, without the need for inflation. In that scenario Einstein gravity was assumed. The theory displays a wavelength-dependent speed of light but by transforming to a suitable "rainbow frame" this feature can be removed, at the expense of modifying gravity. We find that the ensuing rainbow gravity theory is such that gravity switches off at high energy (or at least leads to a universal conformal coupling). This explains why the fluctuations are scale-invariant on all scales: there is no horizon scale as such. For dispersion relations that do not lead to exact scale invariance we find instead esoteric inflation in the rainbow frame. We argue that these results shed light on the behaviour of gravity under the phenomenon of dimensional reduction.
Structure-Guided Design and Biophysical Characterization of Novel Anti-HIV Reagents
Creators: name: Jiang, Siduo (Stone)
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2014
Subjects: Chemistry
Antibody Engineering
HIV
Biology
Protein Design

description: Despite over 30 years of effort, an HIV-1 vaccine that elicits protective antibodies still does not exist. Recent clinical studies have identified that during natural infection about 20% of the population is capable of mounting a potent and protective antibody response. Closer inspection of these individuals reveal that a subset of these antibodies, recently termed potent VRC01-like (PVL), derive exclusively from a single human germline heavy chain gene. Induced clonal expansion of the B cell encoding this gene is the first step through which PVL antibodies may be elicited. Unfortunately, naturally occurring HIV gp120s fail to bind to this germline, and as a result cannot be used as the initial prime for a vaccine regimen. We have determined the crystal structure of an important germline antibody that is a promising target for vaccine design efforts, and have set out to engineer a more likely candidate using computationally-guided rational design.

In addition to prevention efforts on the side of vaccine design, recently characterized broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies have excellent potential for use in gene therapy and passive immunotherapy. The separation distance between functional Fabs on an antibody is important due to the sparse distribution of envelop spikes on HIV compared to other viruses. We set out to build and characterize novel antibody architectures by incorporating structured linkers into the hinge region of an anti-HIV antibody b12. The goal was to observe whether these linkers increased the arm-span of the IgG dimer. When incorporated, flexible Gly4Ser repeats did not result in detectable extensions of the IgG antigen binding domains, by contrast to linkers including more rigid domains such as β2-microglobulin, Zn-α2-glycoprotein, and tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs). This study adds an additional set of linkers with varying lengths and rigidities to the available linker repertoire, which may be useful for the modification and construction of antibodies and other fusion proteins.
(UNDER REVISION, See Other One Called "An Elementary Proof of Goldbach's Conjecture", Thats Correct) Five Elementary Proofs of Goldbach Conjecture (UNDER REVISION)
Creators: name: Chavez, Danilo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 490401
subject: Algebra and number theory
classificationCode: 490501
subject: Applied statistics
classificationCode: 490506
subject: Probability theory

description: In this present paper we will show you five elementary proofs of the Goldbach Conjecture based on probabilities.
Supporting information for "Laubierinid snails are associates of crinoids and a modern analogue of Paleozoic platyceratids", Ecology.
Creators: name: Chen, Chong
name: Zhang, Ruiyan
name: Zhang, Dongsheng
name: Qiu, Jian Wen
name: Zhou, Yadong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 310305
subject: Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)

description: Supporting information for "Laubierinid snails are associates of crinoids and a modern analogue of Paleozoic platyceratids" in Ecology, by Chong Chen, Ruiyan Zhang, Dongsheng Zhang, Jian-Wen Qiu, and Yadong Zhou.Micro-CT image stack of a part of an arm from a hyocrinid collected 1883 m deep in the northwestern Pacific, showing feeding marks by the laubierinid snail Laubierina peregrinator. Rendering of the same scan is shown in Fig. 2 of the paper, and a 3D model is available on Sketchfab: https://skfb.ly/ptVrQ
General monogamy relation for the entanglement of formation in multiqubit systems
Creators: name: Bai, Yan-Kui
name: Xu, Yuan-Fei
name: Wang, Z. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove exactly that the squared entanglement of formation, which quantifies the bipartite entanglement, obeys a general monogamy inequality in an arbitrary multiqubit mixed state. Based on this kind of exotic monogamy relation, we are able to construct two sets of useful entanglement indicator: the first one can detect all genuine multiqubit entangled states even in the case of the two-qubit concurrence and $n$-tangles being zero, while the second one can be calculated via quantum discord and applied to multipartite entanglement dynamics. Moreover, we give a computable and nontrivial lower bound for multiqubit entanglement of formation.
description: 4.5 pages, 2 figures plus the supplemental material
British Columbia Legislative Assembly sessional clipping book (1957-03)
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Law
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993678
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Politics and government
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1919741
subject: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/600765

description: These Sessional Clippings books cover the period 1891 to 1972, and include newspaper accounts written by various legislative reporters who covered debates occurring in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Transcripts of debates of the Legislative Assembly (Hansard) were not published in B.C. until 1970; hence these "Sessional Clipping Books" augment the "Journals", the record of daily proceedings of the Legislative Assembly. Selected clippings from various newspapers including the Vancouver Sun, the Vancouver Province, the Colonist, and the Times newspapers, relating to the newspaper reports concerning activities of the Legislature. The original sessional clippings books comprise 351 ledger size print volumes, held at the Legislative Library in Victoria BC. The print volumes were microfilmed onto 26 reels in 1977 under a Tri University Libraries (TRIUL) project by Precision Micrographic Services (Vancouver, B.C.), with the permission of the Legislative Library, Victoria, British Columbia. This digital collection was created by scanning the 26 microfilm reels.
Orator Silentiarius Divus Joannes Nepomucenus Eloquiô Chrysostomus, Sacramentali Sigillô Confessor Tacitus Utroque Thaumaturgus Inclyti Bohemiae Regni Apostolus; [1719]
Creators: name: Schweiger, Thaddäus Franz
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2013

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Typis Barbarae Franciscae Beringerin, per Joannem Georgium Behr
Strong approximation results for the empirical process of stationary sequences
Creators: name: Dedecker, Jérôme
name: Merlevède, Florence
name: Rio, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a strong approximation result for the empirical process associated to a stationary sequence of real-valued random variables, under dependence conditions involving only indicators of half lines. This strong approximation result also holds for the empirical process associated to iterates of expanding maps with a neutral fixed point at zero, as soon as the correlations decrease more rapidly than $n^{-1-δ}$ for some positive $δ$. This shows that our conditions are in some sense optimal.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOP798 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Soda inermis Fourr.
Creators: name: Sukhorukov, Alexander P.
name: Kushunina, Maria A.
name: Stepanova, Nina Yu.
name: Kalmykova, Olga G.
name: Golovanov, Yaroslav M.
name: Sennikov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Soda
Soda inermis

description: Soda inermis (Moench) Fourr.
Soda inermis (Moench) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 17: 145 (1869) ≡ Salsola soda L., Sp. Pl. 1: 223 (1753) ≡ Kali inermis Moench, Methodus: 331 (1794).
Kali inermis Moench is a legitimate name due to the simultaneous publication of Kali soda Moench, nom. illeg. (Moench 1794).
Native status
Native.
Conservation status
Least Concern (LC).
EOO 30,600 km 2, AOO 24 km 2. The species has a sparse, but wide distribution in the territory, without apparent threats to its populations.
Distribution
Orenburg Region: Kurmanaevka, Orenburg, Sol' - Iletsk, Svetlyi Districts (Fig. 78).
Previous reports: Iljin (1930), Ryabinina (1998), Knjazev (2009).
The species occurs on saline substrates. It is rare in the Region.
The species is distributed in Southern and Eastern Europe, Kazakhstan, West Asia, North Africa. It is known as alien in North and South America.
description: Published as part of Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Kushunina, Maria A., Stepanova, Nina Yu., Kalmykova, Olga G., Golovanov, Yaroslav M. & Sennikov, Alexander N., 2024, Taxonomic inventory and distributions of Chenopodiaceae (Amaranthaceae s. l.) in Orenburg Region, Russia, pp. e 121541 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e121541, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e121541
Photon flux and distance from the source: consequences for quantum foundations and technologies
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
name: Nilsson, Börje
name: Nordebo, Sven
name: Volovich, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper explores the fundamental physical principles of quantum mechanics (in fact, quantum field theory) which limit the bit rate for long distances. Propagation of photons in optical fibers is modeled using methods of quantum electrodynamics. We define photon "duration" as the standard deviation of the photon arrival time; we find its asymptotics for long distances and then obtain the main result of the paper: the linear dependence of photon duration on the distance. This effect puts the limit to joint increasing of the photon flux and the distance from the source and it has important consequences both for quantum information technologies and quantum foundations. Once quantum communication develops into a real technology, it would be appealing to the engineers to increase both the photon flux and the distance. And here our "photon flux/distance effect" has to be taken into account (at least if successively emitted photons are considered as independent). This effect also has to be taken into account in a loophole free test of Bell's type -- to close jointly the detection and locality loopholes.
The virialization density of peaks with general density profiles under spherical collapse
Creators: name: Rubin, Douglas
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the non-linear virialization density, $Δ_c$, of halos under spherical collapse from peaks with an arbitrary initial and final density profile. This is in contrast to the standard calculation of $Δ_c$ which assumes top-hat profiles. Given our formalism, the non-linear halo density can be calculated once the shape of the initial peak's density profile and the shape of the virialized halo's profile are provided. We solve for $Δ_c$ for halos in an Einstein de-Sitter and $Λ$CDM universe. As examples, we consider power-law initial profiles as well as spherically averaged peak profiles calculated from the statistics of a Gaussian random field. We find that, depending on the profiles used, $Δ_c$ is smaller by a factor of a few to as much as a factor of 10 as compared to the density given by the standard calculation ($\approx 200$). Using our results, we show that, for halo finding algorithms that identify halos through an over-density threshold, the halo mass function measured from cosmological simulations can be enhanced at all halo masses by a factor of a few. This difference could be important when using numerical simulations to assess the validity of analytic models of the halo mass function.
description: accepted for publication in JCAP
Free energy perturbation calculations of tetrahydroquinolines complexed to the first bromodomain of BRD4
Creators: name: Silva, Arnaldo F.
name: Guest, Ellen E.
name: Falcone, Bruno N.
name: Pickett, Stephen D.
name: Rogers, David M.
name: Hirst, Jonathan D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Alchemical free energy perturbation (FEP) theory is widely used nowadays to calculate protein–ligand binding energies, often in support of drug discovery endeavours. We assess the accuracy and sensitivity of absolute FEP binding energies with respect to the CHARMM/CGenFF and the AMBER/GAFF force field parameterisations for a set of tetrahydroquinoline inhibitors of the first bromodomain of BRD4, a target of keen interest for the development of anti-cancer drugs. We find that AMBER/GAFF is better able than CHARMM/CGenFF to cover the range of and to distinguish between the relative binding energies of the 16 ligands.
Gromov width and uniruling for orientable Lagrangian surfaces
Creators: name: Charette, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a conjecture of Barraud-Cornea for orientable Lagrangian surfaces. As a corollary, we obtain that displaceable Lagrangian 2--tori have finite Gromov width. In order to do so, we adapt the pearl complex of Biran-Cornea to the non-monotone situation based on index restrictions for holomorphic discs.
description: 12 pages. Added more details in sections 2.2.1 and 2.2.2. To appear in Algebraic and Geometric Topology
Legal Reform: China’s Law-Stability Paradox
Creators: name: Liebman, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International law
subject: Authoritarianism
subject: Political stability
subject: Law reform
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In the 1980s and 1990s, China devoted extensive resources to constructing a legal system, in part in the belief that legal institutions would enhance both stability and regime legitimacy. Why, then, did China’s leadership retreat from using law when faced with perceived increases in protests, citizen complaints, and social discontent in the 2000s? This law-stability paradox suggests that party-state leaders do not trust legal institutions to play primary roles in addressing many of the most complex issues resulting from China’s rapid social transformation. This signifies a retreat not only from legal reform, but also from the rule-based model of authoritarian governance that has contributed much to the resilience of the Chinese system. The law-stability paradox also highlights the diffculties facing efforts by China’s new leadership to reinvigorate legal reform.
British Columbia Legislative Assembly sessional clipping book (1958-02)
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Law
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993678
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Politics and government
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1919741
subject: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/600765

description: These Sessional Clippings books cover the period 1891 to 1972, and include newspaper accounts written by various legislative reporters who covered debates occurring in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Transcripts of debates of the Legislative Assembly (Hansard) were not published in B.C. until 1970; hence these "Sessional Clipping Books" augment the "Journals", the record of daily proceedings of the Legislative Assembly. Selected clippings from various newspapers including the Vancouver Sun, the Vancouver Province, the Colonist, and the Times newspapers, relating to the newspaper reports concerning activities of the Legislature. The original sessional clippings books comprise 351 ledger size print volumes, held at the Legislative Library in Victoria BC. The print volumes were microfilmed onto 26 reels in 1977 under a Tri University Libraries (TRIUL) project by Precision Micrographic Services (Vancouver, B.C.), with the permission of the Legislative Library, Victoria, British Columbia. This digital collection was created by scanning the 26 microfilm reels.
Chrysocyon H. Smith 1839
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Chrysocyon

description: Chrysocyon H. Smith, 1839. Jardine's Natur. Libr., 9: 241. REVIEWED BY: K. L. Anderson (KLA). ISIS NUMBER: 5301412001005000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 245, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Robust Transport Signatures of Topological Superconductivity in Topological Insulator Nanowires
Creators: name: de Juan, Fernando
name: Ilan, Roni
name: Bardarson, Jens H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding a clear signature of topological superconductivity in transport experiments remains an outstanding challenge. In this work, we propose exploiting the unique properties of three-dimensional topological insulator nanowires to generate a normal-superconductor junction in the single-mode regime where an exactly quantized $2e^2/h$ zero-bias conductance can be observed over a wide range of realistic system parameters. This is achieved by inducing superconductivity in half of the wire, which can be tuned at will from trivial to topological with a parallel magnetic field, while a perpendicular field is used to gap out the normal part, except for two spatially separated chiral channels. The combination of chiral mode transport and perfect Andreev reflection makes the measurement robust to moderate disorder, and the quantization of conductance survives to much higher temperatures than in tunnel junction experiments. Our proposal may be understood as a variant of a Majorana interferometer which is easily realizable in experiments.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Skyscraper Scale
Creators: name: Ndoni, Albi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The Skyscraper Scale is a conceptual framework for visualizing the progressive growth of skyscrapers across centuries, emphasizing the relationship between size, function, and technological advancement. Each level on the scale represents an exponential leap in height, width, and length, as well as the complexity of design and purpose. The scale begins with modern-day skyscrapers and extends into futuristic mega-structures that redefine the boundaries of architecture and engineering.
Skill-based functional specialization in trade: an input–output analysis of multiscalar value chains in Brazil
Creators: name: Sanguinet, Eduardo Rodrigues
name: Azzoni, Carlos Roberto
name: Atienza, Miguel
name: Alvim, Augusto Mussi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Sophisticated spatial labour markets can promote better opportunities for functional upgrading in value-added trade. This paper estimates the skill-based functional specialization in Brazilian labour factor content in trade in value-added (LTiVA), considering different geographical scales. We combined an interregional input–output model for Brazilian states with occupational data to identify the skill intensity embedded in LTiVA based on the hypothetical extraction method (HEM) technique. Our findings show that the largest Southeastern economic area specializes in highly sophisticated functions, while the rest of the country embodies low skills in value-added trade for domestic and global trade levels. Furthermore, the results reveal a central role for the São Paulo state governing the subnational value chains and reinforcing the international uneven spatial functional division pattern at the subnational level.
Strong coupling theory of spin and orbital excitations in Sr2IrO4
Creators: name: Igarashi, Jun-ichi
name: Nagao, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-lying excitations in 5d transition-metal oxide Sr_2IrO_4 on the localized electron picture. We find that Hund's coupling together with the spin-orbit interaction leads to exchange anisotropy which causes the spin wave gap. Introducing the isospin operators acting on Kramers' doublet in Ir atoms, we derive the effective spin Hamiltonian from a multi-orbital Hubbard model with the t_{2g} orbitals in the square lattice. We introduce the Green's functions including the anomalous type for the boson operators by expanding the spin operators in terms of boson operators in the lowest order of 1/S, and solve the coupled equations of motion for those functions. Two modes are found to emerge with slightly different energies, in contrast to the spin waves in the isotropic Heisenberg model. At the $Γ$-point, one mode has the zero excitation energy while another has a finite energy. They have the same excitation energy at the M point, but still have different energies at the X point.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, Latex; Figures are replaced by the revised ones. A few expressions in Secs.II and III are refined
Pvlchri Svper Montes Pedes Evangelizantis Sive In Pedo, Et Pede Pedemontii Apostolus Thaumaturgus Infulata Sedis Apostolicae Gratia Divus Franciscus Salesius Ex Tertio Ordine S. Francisci de Paula; [1718]
Creators: name: Saletka, Antonius
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2013

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Pragae, typis Universitatis Carolo-Ferdinandeae in Collegio Soc. Jesu ad S. Clementem. - Erscheinungsjahr auch als Chronogramm im Hauptsachtitel
Please See Other One Called "An Elementary Proof of Goldbach's Conjecture", thats Correct. Five Elementary Proofs of Goldbach Conjecture are only the first sketches of the final result: "An Elementary Proof of Goldbach's Conjecture".
Creators: name: Chavez, Danilo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 490401
subject: Algebra and number theory
classificationCode: 490501
subject: Applied statistics
classificationCode: 490506
subject: Probability theory

description: In this present paper we will show you five elementary proofs of the Goldbach Conjecture based on probabilities.
Ageing in the labour market: a spatial VAR approach
Creators: name: Giannini, Massimo
name: Fiorelli, Cristiana
name: Martini, Barbara
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: This study examines the effects of ageing on per capita labour income, consumption and wealth of the working population in Italian provinces. Starting from the overlapping generations (OLG) model of perpetual youth, we estimate a spatial vector autoregressive (VAR) model to investigate how ageing affects the model’s dynamics. We find that ageing positively impacts per capita labour income and wealth, consequently having an adverse effect on consumption (over-accumulation). A simple exercise shows that over-accumulation is beneficial to the Italian social security system.
British Columbia Legislative Assembly sessional clipping book (1958-01)
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Law
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993678
subject: FOS: Law
subject: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/600765
subject: Politics and government
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1919741

description: These Sessional Clippings books cover the period 1891 to 1972, and include newspaper accounts written by various legislative reporters who covered debates occurring in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Transcripts of debates of the Legislative Assembly (Hansard) were not published in B.C. until 1970; hence these "Sessional Clipping Books" augment the "Journals", the record of daily proceedings of the Legislative Assembly. Selected clippings from various newspapers including the Vancouver Sun, the Vancouver Province, the Colonist, and the Times newspapers, relating to the newspaper reports concerning activities of the Legislature. The original sessional clippings books comprise 351 ledger size print volumes, held at the Legislative Library in Victoria BC. The print volumes were microfilmed onto 26 reels in 1977 under a Tri University Libraries (TRIUL) project by Precision Micrographic Services (Vancouver, B.C.), with the permission of the Legislative Library, Victoria, British Columbia. This digital collection was created by scanning the 26 microfilm reels.
New type of anomaly in turbulence
Creators: name: Frishman, Anna
name: Falkovich, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The turbulent energy flux through scales, $\barε$, remains constant and non vanishing in the limit of zero viscosity, which results in the fundamental anomaly of time irreversibility. It was considered straightforward to deduce from this the Lagrangian velocity anomaly, $\left< d u^2/dt\right>=-4 \barε$ at $t=0$, where $\vec{u}$ is the velocity difference of a pair of particles, initially separated by a fixed distance. In this letter we demonstrate that this derivation assumed first taking the limit $t \to 0$ and then $ν\to 0$, while the true anomaly requires taking viscosity to zero first. For compressible turbulence we find that the limits $t \to 0$ and $ν\to 0$ do not commute and the Lagrangian anomaly is completely altered: $\left< d u^2/dt\right>$ has different values forward and backward in time. We show that this new anomaly is related to the particles entering/exiting shocks forward/backward in time. For incompressible flows, on the other hand, we show that the limits can be interchanged and the Lagrangian anomaly is still induced by the flux law, apparently due to a homogeneous distribution of fluid particles at all times.
Malpractice Mobs: Medical Dispute Resolution in China
Creators: name: Liebman, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: International law
subject: Political stability
subject: Physicians--Malpractice
subject: Protest movements
subject: Chinese--Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Law reform
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: China has experienced a surge in medical disputes in recent years, on the streets and in the courts. Many disputes result in violence. Quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence of medical malpractice litigation and medical disputes in China reveals a dynamic in which the formal legal system operates in the shadow of protest and violence. The threat of violence leads hospitals to settle claims for more money than would be available in court and also influences how judges handle cases that do wind up in court. The detailed evidence regarding medical disputes presented in this Essay adds depth to existing understanding of institutional development in China, showing that increased innovation and competence are not providing greater authority for the courts. Despite thirty-four years of legal reforms and significant strengthening of legal institutions, the shadow of the law remains weak. Medical cases highlight largely unobserved trends in both law and governance in China, in particular state overresponsiveness to individual grievances. The findings presented here suggest limitations to contemporary understanding of both the functioning of the Chinese state and of the role of law in China, and add to existing literature on the nonconvergence of the Chinese system with existing models of legal and political development.
Reputational Sanctions in China's Security Markets
Creators: name: Liebman, Benjamin L.
name: Milhaupt, Curtis J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International law
subject: Economic development
subject: Stock exchanges
subject: Securities
subject: Economic sanctions
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Economics

description: Literature suggests two distinct paths to stock market development: an approach based on legal protections for investors, and an approach based on self-regulation of listed companies by stock exchanges. This paper traces China’s attempts to pursue both approaches, while focusing on the role of the stock exchanges as regulators. Specifically, the paper examines a fascinating but unstudied aspect of Chinese securities regulation— public criticism of listed companies by the Shanghai and Shenzhen exchanges. Based on both event study methodology and extensive interviews of market actors, we find that the criticisms have significant effects on listed companies and their executives. We evaluate the role of public criticisms in China’s evolving scheme of securities regulation, contributing to several strands of research on the role of the media in corporate governance, the use of shaming sanctions in corporate governance, and the importance of informal mechanisms in supporting China’s economic growth.
Realizability Interpretation of PA by Iterated Limiting PCA
Creators: name: Akama, Yohji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03F25, 03F50

description: For any partial combinatory algebra (PCA for short) A, the class of A-representable partial functions from N to A quotiented by the filter of cofinite sets of N, is a PCA such that the representable partial functions are exactly the limiting partial functions of A-representable partial functions(Akama, "Limiting partial combinatory algebras" Theoret. Comput. Sci. Vol.311 2004). The n-times iteration of this construction results in a PCA that represents any n-iterated limiting partial recursive functions, and the inductive limit of the PCAs over all n is a PCA that represents any arithmetical, partial function. Kleene's realizability interpretation over the former PCA interprets the logical principles of double negation elimination for Σ^0_n-formulas, and that over the latter PCA interprets Peano's arithmetic (PA for short). A hierarchy of logical systems between Heyting's arithmetic and PA is used to discuss the prenex normal form theorem, the relativized independence-of-premise schemes, and "PA is an unbounded extension of HA."
description: 23 pages, 1 Figure
Sharing the Risks and Rewards of Economic Migration
Creators: name: Bradford, Anu H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: International economic relations
subject: Law and economics
subject: Emigration and immigration
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: International law
subject: Economics

description: Economic theories and empirical studies on economic migration have for a long time supported greater liberalization of international economic migration. Contrary to this evidence, fears of negative distributional consequences associated with migration have kept borders tightly regulated. This Article has sought to respond to the source and destination countries' key concerns without taking a position on whether those concerns are well founded. Instead, the above discussion is built on a premise that these concerns constrain countries' ability to free migration. This calls for policies that reframe the migration debate from a zero-sum game to a positive-sum game. Countries will only agree to liberalize migration flows if both destination and source countries are insured against the downsides of migration while guaranteed a share of the gains that beneficial migration creates. The multiuse and conditional nature of the Migration Fund would have the advantage of simultaneously addressing the concerns of source countries and destination countries without imposing a dual burden on the migrant. As a result, we should see greater acceptance of international economic migration, resulting in greater global welfare, as well as a more equal distribution of that welfare.
New Berry-Esseen bounds for non-linear functionals of Poisson random measures
Creators: name: Eichelsbacher, Peter
name: Thaele, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60F05, 60G57, 60G55, Secondary 60H05, 60H07, 60D05, 60G51

description: This paper deals with the quantitative normal approximation of non-linear functionals of Poisson random measures, where the quality is measured by the Kolmogorov distance. Combining Stein's method with the Malliavin calculus of variations on the Poisson space, we derive a bound, which is strictly smaller than what is available in the literature. This is applied to sequences of multiple integrals and sequences of Poisson functionals having a finite chaotic expansion. This leads to new Berry-Esseen bounds in de Jong's theorem for degenerate U-statistics. Moreover, geometric functionals of intersection processes of Poisson $k$-flats, random graph statistics of the Boolean model and non-linear functionals of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-Lévy processes are considered.
Atriplex hortensis L.
Creators: name: Sukhorukov, Alexander P.
name: Kushunina, Maria A.
name: Stepanova, Nina Yu.
name: Kalmykova, Olga G.
name: Golovanov, Yaroslav M.
name: Sennikov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Atriplex
Atriplex hortensis

description: Atriplex hortensis L.
Distribution
Some specimens of this species are known in the northern territories, for example, Sverdlovsk Region (SVER!) and Bashkortostan (LE!). In the steppe zone, A. hortensis needs a freshwater irrigation and the salinisation effect is damaging the seed germination of the species, thus making its spontaneous occurrence difficult.
Notes
This species was reported as occurring in large populated places of Orenburg Region (Iljin 1930, Ryabinina 1998, Knjazev 2009), but no specimens were seen. Nevertheless, it may be found as cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant.
description: Published as part of Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Kushunina, Maria A., Stepanova, Nina Yu., Kalmykova, Olga G., Golovanov, Yaroslav M. & Sennikov, Alexander N., 2024, Taxonomic inventory and distributions of Chenopodiaceae (Amaranthaceae s. l.) in Orenburg Region, Russia, pp. e 121541 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e121541, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e121541
Universal Exceptionalism in International Law
Creators: name: Bradford, Anu H.
name: Posner, Eric A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International law
subject: Exceptionalism
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: A trope of international law scholarship is that the United States is an “exceptionalist” nation, one that takes a distinctive (frequently hostile, unilateralist, or hypocritical) stance toward international law. However, all major powers are similarly “exceptionalist,” in the sense that they take distinctive approaches to international law that reflect their values and interests. We illustrate these arguments with discussions of China, the European Union, and the United States. Charges of international-law exceptionalism betray an undefended assumption that one particular view of international law (for scholars, usually the European view) is universally valid.
Angular correlations measured in pp collisions by ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil
name: Janik, Małgorzata Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on studies of untriggered two-particle angular correlations of identified particles (pions, kaons and protons) measured in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energy sqrt{s}=7 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. These type of studies are sensitive to a wide range of correlations which arise from different physics mechanisms, each of them having a unique structure in DeltaEta-DeltaPhi space. The correlations of particles with different quark content and flavor are sensitive to various conservation laws. The study of these correlations is the main goal of this analysis. The results confirm that these laws strongly influence the shape of the correlation functions for different particle types and must be taken into account while analysing the data. Moreover, we verify their implementation using two Monte Carlo event generators and we found that the analyzed models do not reproduce the measured correlations for protons.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the Special Issue of Nuclear Physics A: proceedings of IS2013 conference
Comparison of physical properties of quiet and active regions through the analysis of MHD simulations of the solar photosphere
Creators: name: Criscuoli, Serena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have shown that the photometric and dynamic properties of granulation and of small-scale magnetic features depend on the amount of magnetic flux of the region they are embedded in. We analyze results from numerical Hydro and Magneto Hydrodynamic simulations characterized by different amount of average magnetic flux and find qualitatively the same differences as those reported from observations. We show that these different physical properties result from the inhibition of convection induced by the presence of the magnetic field, which changes the temperature stratification of both quiet and magnetic regions. Our results are relevant for solar irradiance variations studies, as such differences are still not properly taken into account in irradiance reconstruction models.
description: 32 pages, ApJ, in press
Herd behaviour and the emergence of clusters
Creators: name: van Roekel, Gerben
name: Smit, Martijn
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Agglomeration externalities are generally credited as the prime cause of cluster formation. This theory is far from uncontroversial. We create an alternative perspective on clustering by integrating herd behaviour into the conceptualization of this process. An innovative agent-based model is used in which cluster formation is constructed from individual relocation decisions. It thus connects individual relocation decisions to macro-level emergent patterns and shows that imitation has the potential to severely exacerbate the effects of agglomeration economies on clustering on an urban scale. The outcomes of this model challenge the dominant neoclassical view on clustering. An alternative hypothesis is postulated in which the interaction between herd behaviour and agglomeration externalities is proposed as an explanation for cluster formation.
International Antitrust Negotiations and the False Hope of the WTO
Creators: name: Bradford, Anu H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International law
subject: Cooperation
subject: Antitrust law (International law)
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Economics

description: The purpose of this Article has been to develop a more accurate description of the strategic situation surrounding states' attempts to align their antitrust policies and, with the help of those insights, to provide an explanation for why the many attempts to negotiate a binding international antitrust agreement have thus far failed. This Article has argued that while states should generally prefer seeking enhanced convergence of their antitrust laws to capture efficiency gains, a binding international agreement on antitrust has been difficult to reach for one of two primary reasons. First, cooperation has at times failed because some states have perceived the political and economic costs to exceed the expected benefits of cooperation. In th6 presence of the relatively low opportunity costs of not pursuing formal cooperation in antitrust matters, cooperation has not been a priority for the parties and, consequently, they have preferred focusing their efforts to achieve progress on more compelling matters on the trade agenda. Second, in situations where parties have concluded that cooperation is Pareto-superior to non-cooperation, cooperation has been obstructed by the simultaneous existence of a distributional problem and an informational problem.