cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Safe Science: Promoting a Culture of Safety in Academic Chemical Research
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2016
Subjects: Catastrophes, Hazards, Disasters
Employer/Employee Relationships
Ethics and Society
Lab and Workplace Safety
Mentors and Trainees
Organizational Climate
Safety
Workplace Ethics

description: Link to the National Academies Report,Safe Science: Promoting a Culture of Safety in Academic Chemical Research
Noncommutative Wormholes in $f(R)$ Gravity with Lorentzian Distribution
Creators: name: Rahaman, Farook
name: Banerjee, Ayan
name: Jamil, Mubasher
name: Yadav, Anil Kumar
name: Idris, Humaira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we derive some new exact solutions of static wormholes in $f(R)$ gravity supported by the matter possesses Lorentizian density distribution of a particle-like gravitational source. We derive the wormhole's solutions in two possible schemes for a given Lorentzian distribution: assuming an astrophysically viable $F(R)$ function such as a power-law form and discuss several solutions corresponding to different values of the exponent (here $F =\frac{df}{dR}$). In the second scheme, we consider particular form of two shape functions and have reconstructed f(R) in both cases. We have discussed all the solutions with graphical point of view.
description: 9 apges 4 groups of plots. Accepted in Int.J.Theor.Phys
Additional file 1 of Bivalves are NO different: nitric oxide as negative regulator of metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
Creators: name: Vogeler, Susanne
name: Carboni, Stefano
name: Xiaoxu Li
name: Nevejan, Nancy
name: Monaghan, Sean J.
name: Ireland, Jacqueline H.
name: Joyce, Alyssa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Percentage metamorphosis in Pacific oyster larvae 19 dpf after 24 h continuous exposure to NO pathway inhibitors SMIS, AGH, 7-NI, L-NAME, L-NNA and ODQ.
Federated Learning-based Vehicle Trajectory Prediction against Cyberattacks
Creators: name: Wang, Zhe
name: Yan, Tingkai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: With the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), vehicle wireless communication poses serious cybersecurity challenges. Faulty information, such as fake vehicle positions and speeds sent by surrounding vehicles, could cause vehicle collisions, traffic jams, and even casualties. Additionally, private vehicle data leakages, such as vehicle trajectory and user account information, may damage user property and security. Therefore, achieving a cyberattack-defense scheme in the IoV system with faulty data saturation is necessary. This paper proposes a Federated Learning-based Vehicle Trajectory Prediction Algorithm against Cyberattacks (FL-TP) to address the above problems. The FL-TP is intensively trained and tested using a publicly available Vehicular Reference Misbehavior (VeReMi) dataset with five types of cyberattacks: constant, constant offset, random, random offset, and eventual stop. The results show that the proposed FL-TP algorithm can improve cyberattack detection and trajectory prediction by up to 6.99% and 54.86%, respectively, under the maximum cyberattack permeability scenarios compared with benchmark methods.
$D_{s}$ mesons with $DK$ and $D^{*}K$ scattering near threshold
Creators: name: Lang, C. B.
name: Leskovec, Luka
name: Mohler, Daniel
name: Prelovsek, Sasa
name: Woloshyn, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $D_s$ mesons are studied in three quantum channels ($J^P=0^+$, $1^+$ and $2^+$), where experiments have identified the very narrow $D_{s0}^*(2317)$, $D_{s1}(2460)$ and narrow $D_{s1}(2536)$, $D_{s2}^*(2573)$. We explore the effect of nearby $DK$ and $D^*K$ thresholds on the subthreshold states using lattice QCD. Our simulation is done on two very different ensembles of gauge configurations (2 or 2+1 dynamical quarks, Pion mass of 266 or 156 MeV, lattice size $16^3\times 32$ or $32^3\times 64$). In addition to $\bar{q}q$ operators we also include meson-meson interpolators in the correlation functions. This clarifies the identification of the states above and below the scattering thresholds. The ensemble with $m_π\simeq 156~$MeV renders the $D_{s1}(2460)$ as a strong interaction bound state 44(10)MeV below $D^*K$ threshold, which is in agreement with the experiment. The $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ is found 37(17)MeV below $DK$ threshold, close to experiment value of 45MeV. The narrow resonances $D_{s1}(2536)$ and $D_{s2}^*(2573)$ are also found close to the experimental masses.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
The Case for International Sharing of Scientific Data: A Focus on Developing Countries
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2016
Subjects: Catastrophes, Hazards, Disasters
Data Management
Ethics and Society
Governance
Human Rights
Law and Public Policy
Public Well-being
Risk
Security
Social Justice
Social Responsibility

description: Link to the National Academies Report, The Case for International Sharing of Scientific Data: A Focus on Developing Countries
Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Controversies
Ethics and Society
Human Rights
Military and Defense Research
Security
Social and Political Conflict

description: Link to the National Academies Report, Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities
Stars Get Dizzy After Lunch
Creators: name: Zhang, Michael
name: Penev, Kaloyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanet searches have discovered a large number of 'hot Jupiters'--high-mass planets orbiting very close to their parent stars in nearly circular orbits. A number of these planets are sufficiently massive and close-in to be significantly affected by tidal dissipation in the parent star, to a degree parametrized by the tidal quality factor $Q_*$. This process speeds up their stars' rotation rate while reducing the planets' semimajor axis. In this paper, we investigate the tidal destruction of hot Jupiters. Because the orbital angular momenta of these planets are a significant fraction of their stars' rotational angular momenta, they spin up their stars significantly while spiralling to their deaths. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we predict that for $Q_* = 10^6$, $3.9\times 10^{-6}$ of stars with the Kepler Target Catalog's mass distribution should have a rotation period shorter than 1/3 day (8 h) due to accreting a planet. Exoplanet surveys such as SuperWASP, HATnet, HATsouth, and KELT have already produced light curves of millions of stars. These two facts suggest that it may be possible to search for tidally-destroyed planets by looking for stars with extremely short rotational periods, then looking for remnant planet cores around those candidates, anomalies in the metal distribution, or other signatures of the recent accretion of the planet.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, published in ApJ
Additional file 2 of Genetic characterization of a Marek’s disease virus strain isolated in Japan
Creators: name: Murata, Shiro
name: Machida, Yuka
name: Isezaki, Masayoshi
name: Maekawa, Naoya
name: Okagawa, Tomohiro
name: Konnai, Satoru
name: Ohashi, Kazuhiko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the variable regions of UL36 proteins. The variable regions in the UL36 proteins from Kgs-c1 and MDV strains isolated in other countries were aligned. Shaded fields in gray indicate the repeat sequence of “KP (T/S/P)PA(S/P)”, and a solid line indicates each repeat sequence. The different colors of the letters indicate each type of the repeat sequence of “KP (T/S/P)PA(S/P)”. Patterned fields indicate the repeat sequence of “KPKPPP(D/A/T)PD(F/S)”, and a dotted line indicates each repeat sequence. The number of each repeat sequence is summarized in Additional file 1: Table S1.
A comparative study for block chain applications in the MANET
Creators: name: S, Sangheethaa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: MANET- Mobile Ad-hoc Networks are famous for their infrastructure-less arrangement for communication. In this network, nodes are self-organized and can act as router. They are battery operated and self-organizing. Block chain is a new concept from 2008 and researchers are trying the possible application of Block chain in many sectors including MANETs. This paper surveys the existing researches done in applying block chain in a MANET environment. Block chain is mainly used in MANETs for improving security while routing packets from one node to another. Some researchers have proposed trust models using block chain. This paper reviews some of the existing approaches where block chain is used in MANETs for routing the packets, creating trust models, and dealing with network partitioning problem and scalability problem. This paper acts as a review paper to study on block chain applications in MANET
Developing Capacities for Teaching Responsible Science in the MENA Region: Refashioning Scientific Dialogue
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Animal Use
Bias in Research
Collaboration
Community and Participatory Research
Confidentiality
Conflict of Interest
Data Management
Diversity
Environmental Justice
Ethics and Society
Governance
Human Rights
Human Subjects Research
Law and Public Policy
Privacy and Surveillance
Public Well-being
Publication Ethics
Reproducibility
Research Misconduct
Responsible Innovation
Safety
Security

description: Link to the National Academies Report,Developing Capacities for Teaching Responsible Science in the MENA Region: Refashioning Scientific Dialogue
title: Development of an Electrowetting Valve in Capillary-Driven Microfluidic Biosensor for Nucleic Acid Detection
Creators: name: He, Fei
name: Mérian, Tiphaine
name: Goddard, Julie M.
name: Nugen, Sam R.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: This article presents the development of microfluidic valves to be used in capillary flow microfluidic device as a platform for nucleic acid detection. The valve used the principle of electrowetting and was able to be actuated at low voltage. The valve consisted of two silver electrodes which were encountered in series within a microfluidic channel. The second electrode was modified with a hydrophobic monolayer resulting in a cessation of capillary flow. A potential of 4V resulted in a 70° reduction in water contact angle within ten seconds which allowed capillary flow to continue. The final device represented a microfluidic valve for capillary flow microfluidics realized on PMMA substrate.

In addition to the valve designed for timed fluid delivery, our PMMA microfluidic chip also consists of self-priming microfluidics with sealed conjugate pads of reagent delivery and an absorbent pad for additional fluid draw. We have developed a single-step surface modification method which allows strong capillary flow within a sealed microchannel. Conjugate pads within the device held trapped complex consisting of the magnetic beads and nucleic-acid-probe-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Magnetic beads were released when sample entered the chamber and hybridized with the complex. The complex was immobilized over a magnet in the capture zone while a luminol co-reactant stream containing H2O2 was merged with the channel. A photomultiplier tube was used to quantify the chemiluminescence signal.

This new format of biosensor will not only allow for pumpless automatically reagent delivery, but also smaller and more sensitive detection, as well as commercial-scale manufacturing and low materials cost, and it would be an ideal device for fast diagnostic in resource-limited settings.
High-precision measurements of low-lying isomeric states in $^{120-124}$In with JYFLTRAP double Penning trap
Creators: name: Nesterenko, D. A.
name: Ruotsalainen, J.
name: Stryjczyk, M.
name: Kankainen, A.
name: Ayoubi, L. Al
name: Beliuskina, O.
name: Delahaye, P.
name: Eronen, T.
name: Flayol, M.
name: Ge, Z.
name: Gins, W.
name: Hukkanen, M.
name: Jaries, A.
name: Kahl, D.
name: Kumar, D.
name: Nikas, S.
name: Ortiz-Cortes, A.
name: Penttilä, H.
name: Pitman-Weymouth, D.
name: Raggio, A.
name: Ramalho, M.
name: Reponen, M.
name: Rinta-Antila, S.
name: Romero, J.
name: de Roubin, A.
name: Srivastava, P. C.
name: Suhonen, J.
name: Virtanen, V.
name: Zadvornaya, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron-rich $^{120-124}$In isotopes have been studied utilizing the double Penning trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP at the IGISOL facility. Using the phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance technique, the isomeric states were resolved from ground states and their excitation energies measured with high precision in $^{121,123,124}$In. In $^{120,122}$In, the $1^+$ states were separated and their masses were measured while the energy difference between the unresolved $5^+$ and $8^-$ states, whose presence was confirmed by post-trap decay spectroscopy was determined to be $\leq15$ keV. In addition, the half-life of $^{122}$Cd, $T_{1/2} = 5.98(10)$ s, was extracted. Experimental results were compared with energy density functionals, density functional theory and shell-model calculations.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
title: Technological Resources and Personnel Costs Required to Implement an Automated Alert System for Primary Care Physicians When Patients Transition from Hospitals to Home
Creators: name: Field, Terry S.
name: Garber, Lawrence D.
name: Gagne, Shawn J.
name: Tjia, Jennifer
name: Preusse, Peggy
name: Donovan, Jennifer L.
name: Kanaan, Abir O.
name: Gurwitz, Jerry H.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Background With the adoption of electronic medical records by medical group practices, there are opportunities to improve the quality of care for patients discharged from hospitals. However, there is little guidance for medical groups outside of integrated hospital systems to automate the flow of patient information during transitions in care.

Objective To describe the technological resources, expertise and time needed to develop an automated system providing information to primary care physicians when their patients transition from hospitals to home.

Development Within a medical group practice, we developed an automated alert system that provides notification of discharges, reminders of the need for follow-up visits, drugs added during in-patient stays, and recommendations for laboratory monitoring of high risk drugs. We tracked components of the information system required and the time spent by team members. We used US national averages of hourly wages to estimate personnel costs.

Application Critical components of the information system are notifications of hospital discharges through an admission, discharge and transfer registration (ADT) interface, linkage to the practice’s scheduling system, access to information on pharmacy dispensing and lab tests, and an interface engine. Total personnel cost was $76,314. Nearly half (47%) was for 614 hours by physicians who developed content, provided overall project management, and reviewed alerts to ensure that only “actionable” alerts would be sent.

Conclusion Implementing a system to provide information about patient transitions requires strong internal informatics expertise, cooperation between facilities and ambulatory providers, development of electronic linkages, and extensive commitment of physician time.
Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2014
Subjects: Confidentiality
Data Management
Ethics and Society
Human Subjects Research
Informed Consent
Institutional Review Boards
Risk
Vulnerable Populations

description: Link to the National Academies Report,Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences
Gravitational waves from axions annihilation through quantum field theory
Creators: name: Yang, Jing
name: Huang, Fa Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the scattering method to calculate the gravitational wave from axions annihilation in the axion cloud formed by the superradiance process around the Kerr black hole. We consider axions annihilating to gravitons as a three-body decay process and then calculate the corresponding decay width. In this approach, we can simply obtain the radiation power of gravitational wave and give the analytical approximate result with the spin effects of the Kerr black hole. Our study can also provide a cross-check to the numerical results in the traditional method.
description: Published version in Physical Review D
The Climate Change Educational Partnership: Climate Change, Engineered Systems, and Society
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2014
Subjects: Catastrophes, Hazards, Disasters
Climate Change
Controversies
Environmental Justice
Ethics and Society
Governance
Public Health and Safety
Public Well-being
Risk
Safety
Social Responsibility
Sustainability

description: This report is the summary of three workshops on the interactions of climate change with engineered systems in society and the educational efforts needed to address them. Link to the National Academie Report.
Additional file 5 of Genome-wide association study of prevalent and persistent cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Creators: name: Adebamowo, Sally N.
name: Adebowale A. Adeyemo
name: Rotimi, Charles N.
name: Olayinka Olaniyan
name: Offiong, Richard
name: Adebamowo, Clement A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Supplementary Figure S1. Principal components (PC) plot of the genotypes of the study participants.
Additional file 1 of Comparison of continuous versus intermittent enteral nutrition in critically ill patients (COINN): study protocol for a randomized comparative effectiveness trial
Creators: name: Hrdy, Ondrej
name: Vrbica, Kamil
name: Strazevska, Eva
name: Suk, Petr
name: Souckova, Lenka
name: Stepanova, Radka
name: Sas, Igor
name: Gal, Roman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Ethical committee approval
Additional file 4 of Genome-wide association study of prevalent and persistent cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Creators: name: Adebamowo, Sally N.
name: Adebowale A. Adeyemo
name: Rotimi, Charles N.
name: Olayinka Olaniyan
name: Offiong, Richard
name: Adebamowo, Clement A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Supplemental Table S4. Associations of the Top SNPS with Cervical High-risk Infections in HIV-Positive Women.
title: Importance of clinically-refined medical and musculoskeletal co-morbidities in registries that evaluate patient-reported outcomes following TKR
Creators: name: Franklin, Patricia D.
name: Li, Wenjun
name: Otis, Carol
name: Snyder, Benjamin
name: Rosal, Milagros C.
name: Ayers, David C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: BACKGROUND: As national joint registries broaden their focus to include patient-reported outcomes, such as pain relief and functional gain, the role of confounding peri-operative complications and co-morbidities must be considered. We hypothesized that emotional, medical, and musculoskeletal co-morbidities influence post-surgical functional gain following primary total knee (TKR) replacement surgery.

METHODS: We performed secondary analyses of comprehensive data from 180 primary TKR patients to evaluate the association of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), pre-operative emotional health (SF36 MCS/metal component score and CES-D depression screen), medical comorbidities (modified Charlson index), and musculoskeletal comorbidities (pain in low back, hips, and knees) on change in pre-to-6 month post-TKR physical function (SF36 PCS/physical component score).

RESULTS: Patients were 68% female with mean age of 65 years, mean BMI of 32. Mean pre-TKR PCS was 32.0 (SE=0.65), mean MCS was 52.0 (SE= 0.46) and 32% reported pre-TKR CES-D score at the mild to moderate depression level. Musculoskeletal comorbidity was scored as percent of patients with moderate or severe pain; 12% had hip pain, 46% contra-lateral knee pain, 27% low back pain, and 12% foot pain. Six percent reported COPD, 7% cardiac conditions, and 3% renal conditions. A multivariate linear regression model showed BMI>30, lower pre-MCS, lower pre-PCS, moderate or severe low back pain, and higher Charlson co-morbidity score, to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with poorer 6 month post-TKR PCS (physical function).

CONCLUSION: Pre-operative BMI, emotional health, and medical and musculoskeletal co-morbidities are required to interpret pre-to-post-operative change in physical function. Further understanding of the role of these factors is critical before national registries can analyze and report valid comparisons of patient-reported outcomes.
Gauss and the Eccentric Halsted
Creators: name: Sondow, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 01A70, 53-03

description: We discuss the mathematician George Bruce Halsted's accusations against Carl Friedrich Gauss, as well as refutations both by the latter's American grandson Robert Gauss in a letter to Felix Klein, and by the historian of mathematics Florian Cajori.
description: 6 pages; added 8 portraits; comments welcome; shorter version accepted by Amer. Math. Monthly
On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2015
Subjects: Animal Use
Authorship
Conflict of Interest
Data Management
Ethics and Society
Fabrication
Falsification
Human Subjects Research
Intellectual Property and Patents
Lab and Workplace Safety
Mentors and Trainees
Peer Review
Plagiarism
Publication Ethics
Research Misconduct
Safety
Social Responsibility

description: Link to the National Academies Report,On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: ThirdEdition
Fully distributed optimal channel assignment for open spectrum access
Creators: name: Naparstek, Oshri
name: Leshem, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we address the problem of fully distributed assignment of users to sub-bands such that the sum-rate of the system is maximized. We introduce a modified auction algorithm that can be applied in a fully distributed way using an opportunistic CSMA assignment scheme and is $ε$ optimal. We analyze the expected time complexity of the algorithm and suggest a variant to the algorithm that has lower expected complexity. We then show that in the case of i.i.d Rayleigh channels a simple greedy scheme is asymptotically optimal as $\SNR$ increases or as the number of users is increased to infinity. We conclude by providing simulated results of the suggested algorithms.
Additional file 3 of Genome-wide association study of prevalent and persistent cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Creators: name: Adebamowo, Sally N.
name: Adebowale A. Adeyemo
name: Rotimi, Charles N.
name: Olayinka Olaniyan
name: Offiong, Richard
name: Adebamowo, Clement A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplemental Table S3. Associations of the Top SNPS with Cervical High-risk Infections in HIV-Negative Women.
title: Factors Associated With Ordering Laboratory Monitoring Of High-Risk Medications
Creators: name: Fischer, Shira H.
name: Field, Terry S.
name: Peterson, Daniel J.
name: Reed, George
name: Gurwitz, Jerry H.
name: Tjia, Jennifer
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Background

Knowledge about factors associated with provider ordering of appropriate testing is limited.

Objective

To determine physician factors correlated with ordering of recommended laboratory monitoring tests for high-risk medications, accounting for patient characteristics.

Methods

Analysis of the administrative claims and electronic medical records of patients prescribed a high-risk medication requiring laboratory monitoring in a large multispecialty group practice between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008. The outcome is a physician order for each recommended laboratory test for each prescribed medication. Key predictor variables include physician characteristics, including age, gender, specialty training, years since completing training, and prescribing volume. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify the independent association of physician and patient characteristics with ordering of laboratory tests to monitor medications after adjustment for potential confounders, taking into account clustering of drugs within patients and patients within providers.

Results

Physician orders for laboratory testing varied across drug-test pairs and ranged from 9% (Primidone–Phenobarbital level) to 97% (Azathioprine–CBC) with 50% of drug-test pairs in the 85-91% ordered range. Failure to order a test was associated with lower provider prescribing volume for study drugs and whether the physician was a specialist (primary care providers were more likely to order tests than specialists). Patients with lower patient comorbidity burden and younger patients were less likely to have appropriate tests ordered. Drug-test combinations with black box warnings were more likely to have tests ordered.

Conclusions

Interventions targeting providers should be addressed at those subgroups with the greatest potential for improvement: providers with lower frequencies of prescribing high-risk medications, and healthier and younger patients. Drug-test combinations with black box warnings have higher ordering rates, but many medications without such warnings also have evidence of harm, thus efforts to improve testing are necessary for all medications shown to be high-risk.
GEANT4 and PHITS simulations of the shielding of neutrons from $^{252}$Cf source
Creators: name: Shin, Jae Won
name: Bak, Sang-In
name: Kim, Doyoon
name: Kim, Chong Yeal
name: Hong, Seung-Woo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron shielding simulations by using GEANT4 and PHITS code are performed. As a neutron source, $^{252}$Cf is considered and the energy distribution of the neutrons emitted from $^{252}$Cf is assumed the Watt fission spectrum. The neutron dose equivalent rates with and without the shield are estimated for shielding materials such as graphite, iron, polyethylene, NS-4-FR and KRAFTON-HB. For the neutron shielding simulations by using GEANT4, high precision (G4HP) model with G4NDL 4.2 based on ENDF-VII data are used. And for PHITS simulations, JENDL-4.0 library are used for the same purpose. It is found that differences between the shielding calculations by using GEANT4 with G4NDL 4.2 and PHITS with JENDL-4.0 library are not significant for all cases considered in this work. We investigate the accuracy of the neutron dose equivalent rates obtained from GEANT4 and PHITS by comparing our simulation results with experimental data and other values calculated earlier. Calculated neutron dose equivalent rates agree well with the experimental dose equivalent rates within 20% errors except for polyethylene. For polyethylene material, discrepancy between the calculations and the experiments are up to 40% but all simulations show consistent features.
Counterfactuals Modulo Temporal Logics
Creators: name: Finkbeiner, Bernd
name: Siber, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lewis' theory of counterfactuals is the foundation of many contemporary notions of causality. In this paper, we extend this theory in the temporal direction to enable symbolic counterfactual reasoning on infinite sequences, such as counterexamples found by a model checker and trajectories produced by a reinforcement learning agent. In particular, our extension considers a more relaxed notion of similarity between worlds and proposes two additional counterfactual operators that close a semantic gap between the previous two in this more general setting. Further, we consider versions of counterfactuals that minimize the distance to the witnessing counterfactual worlds, a common requirement in causal analysis. To automate counterfactual reasoning in the temporal domain, we introduce a logic that combines temporal and counterfactual operators, and outline decision procedures for the satisfiability and trace-checking problems of this logic.
description: 24th International Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning (LPAR-23)
Additional file 2 of Genome-wide association study of prevalent and persistent cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Creators: name: Adebamowo, Sally N.
name: Adebowale A. Adeyemo
name: Rotimi, Charles N.
name: Olayinka Olaniyan
name: Offiong, Richard
name: Adebamowo, Clement A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Table S2. Replication of SNPs Associated with Cervical high-risk Infections.
Additional file 1 of Meconium androgens are correlated with ASD-related phenotypic traits in early childhood in a familial enriched risk cohort
Creators: name: Terloyeva, Dina
name: Frey, Alexander J.
name: Park, Bo Y.
name: Kauffman, Elizabeth M.
name: Mathew, Leny
name: Bostwick, Anna
name: Varner, Erika L.
name: Lee, Brian K.
name: Croen, Lisa A.
name: Fallin, Margaret D.
name: Irva Hertz-Picciotto
name: Newschaffer, Craig J.
name: Lyall, Kristen
name: Snyder, Nathaniel W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary tables and figures.
Symmetry-Projected Nuclear-Electronic Hartree-Fock: Eliminating Rotational Energy Contamination
Creators: name: Feldmann, Robin
name: Baiardi, Alberto
name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a symmetry projection technique for enforcing rotational and parity symmetries in nuclear-electronic Hartree-Fock wave functions, which treat electrons and nuclei on equal footing. The molecular Hamiltonian obeys rotational and parity-inversion symmetries, which are, however, broken by expanding in Gaussian basis sets that are fixed in space. We generate a trial wave function with the correct symmetry properties by projecting the wave function onto representations of the three-dimensional rotation group, i.e., the special orthogonal group in three dimensions SO(3). As a consequence, the wave function becomes an eigenfunction of the angular momentum operator which (i) eliminates the contamination of the ground state wave function by highly excited rotational states arising from the broken rotational symmetry, and (ii) enables the targeting of specific rotational states of the molecule. We demonstrate the efficiency of the symmetry projection technique by calculating energies of the low-lying rotational states of the H$_2$ and H$_3^+$ molecules.
description: 37 pages, 3 tables
Exploring the Impact of Ions on Oxygen K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in NaCl Solution using the GW-Bethe-Salpeter-Equation Approach
Creators: name: Tang, Fujie
name: Shi, Kefeng
name: Wu, Xifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful experimental tool to probe the local structure in materials with the core hole excitations. Here, the oxygen K-edge XAS spectra of the NaCl solution and pure water are computed by using a recently developed GW-BSE approach, based on configurations modeled by path-integral molecular dynamics with the deep-learning technique. The neural network is trained on ab initio data obtained with SCAN density functional theory. The observed changes in the XAS features of the NaCl solution, compared to those of pure water, are in good agreement between experimental and theoretical results. We provided detailed explanations for these spectral changes that occur when NaCl is solvated in pure water. Specifically, the presence of solvating ion pairs leads to localization of electron-hole excitons. Our theoretical XAS results support the theory that the effects of the solvating ions on the H-bond network are mainly confined within the first hydration shell of ions, however beyond the shell the arrangement of water molecules remains to be comparable to that observed in pure water.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Search for lepton-flavour violation in high-mass dilepton final states using 139 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is performed for a heavy particle decaying into different-flavour, dilepton final states, using 139 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected in 2015-2018 by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Final states with electrons, muons and hadronically decaying tau leptons are considered ($eμ$, $eτ$ or $μτ$). No significant excess over the Standard Model predictions is observed. Upper limits on the production cross-section are set as a function of the mass of a Z' boson, a supersymmetric $τ$-sneutrino, and a quantum black-hole. The observed 95% CL lower mass limits obtained on a typical benchmark model Z' boson are 5.0 TeV (e$μ$), 4.0 TeV (e$τ$), and 3.9 TeV ($μτ$), respectively.
description: 47 pages in total, author list starting page 30, 6 figures, 7 tables, submitted to Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2019-20/
title: rAAV9 airway delivery results in effective knockdown of mutant alpha 1-antitrypsin in the liver while upregulating wildtype alpha 1-antitrypsin in the lung
Creators: name: Gruntman, Alisha
name: Mueller, Christian
name: Tang, Qiushi
name: Song, Lina
name: Wilson, James M.
name: Flotte, Terence R.
name: Limberis, Maria P.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Alpha 1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a human genetic disease resulting in the production of mutant AAT, a hepatocyte produced serine protease inhibitor that functions to prevent alveolar epithelial damage by inhibiting neutrophil elastase. Patients with AAT deficiency have increased lung disease, due to decreased proteolytic protection, as well as sporadic severe liver disease secondary to accumulation of mutant AAT, especially a common mutant form termed PiZ, within hepatocytes. We previously showed, in a PiZ mutant mouse model, simultaneous knock-down of mutant PiZ-AAT and augmentation of wild-type AAT production through intravenous delivery of a recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector encoding both a miRNA targeting PiZ-AAT and a miRNA-resistant wild-type AAT gene.

In this study we tested the hypothesis that rAAV2/9 vector administered intra-nasally or intra-tracheally can deliver a gene of interest to both the airways and liver.

Initially C57Bl/6 mice were administered intra-nasally 1011 genome copies (GC) of rAAV2/9 vector expressing a firefly luciferase, which resulted in increased luminescence in the nasal passages, liver, and lung 21 days post delivery. Next, 1012 GC of rAAV2/9 vector expressing GFP and miRNAs targeting PiZ-AAT were delivered via oro-tracheal intubation to PiZ mice. This resulted in decreased serum AAT levels in the PiZ mice and GFP expression in both the liver and lungs. Finally, 1012 GC of rAAV2/9 vector encoding miRNA resistant wild-type AAT and miRNAs targeting PiZ-AAT were delivered via oro-tracheal intubation. This resulted in both systemic and local (liver and lung) elevations in wild-type AAT as well as decreased PiZ-AAT levels.

In conclusion, tracheal delivery of rAAV2/9 resulted in expression of AAT in the liver and lung of treated animals, with sufficient targeting of the liver to mediate knock-down of mutant AAT to a similar degree as intravenous delivery, representing a potential non-invasive delivery route for gene therapy in AAT deficient patients.
title: Can a detailed neurological exam improve prediction of extubation success in neurocritically ill patients?
Creators: name: Baghshomali, Sanam
name: Slater, Nathanael
name: Carandang, Raphael A.
name: Ouillette, Cynthia
name: Hall, Wiley R.
name: Muehlschlegel, Susanne
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Predictors of extubation success in neurocritically ill patients differ from those in the medical or surgical ICU without acute neurological injury. Presence of a cough and a higher Glasgow Coma Scale has previously been associated with extubation success. A recent study in neurocritically ill patients at Harvard Medical School has suggested that a detailed neurological exam may identify important additional signs of extubation success. This cohort, however, included predominantly stroke patients. We aimed to validate these findings in our mixed patient cohort including neurotrauma, stroke and status epilepticus.

In this ongoing prospective observational cohort study, we have enrolled 61 neurocritically ill patients who have required intubation and followed them through their hospital course. Routine care included daily evaluation for extubation readiness, including spontaneous breathing trials, arterial blood gases and weaning according to an institutional weaning protocol. Prior to a planned extubation, patients underwent a simple neurological exam by the bedside nurse according to study protocol. After extubation, patients were followed for extubation failure, defined as re-intubation within 72 hours of extubation.

Additional data on possible confounders is collected, including chest X-ray appearance, infectious complications, and other comorbid conditions. Mean age of the sample was 59 years and 64% were male, Mean GCS was 12. Extubation failure was seen in 6.5 %, diagnosis of pneumonia 72 hours prior to extubation 24%, after an average number of 3 intubation days. Enrollment will continue until July 2012. A planned analysis includes the identification of predictors of extubation success, focusing on aspects of the neurological examination while controlling for key confounders. We also plan to combine our cohort with the Harvard cohort to improve the power of our analysis.

We hope to identify important predictors of extubation success in a broad neurocritical care cohort in order to build a more generalizable model that may improve the prediction of extubation success in neurocritically ill patients.
Additional file 1 of Phenotypic characterization with somatic genome editing and gene transfer reveals the diverse oncogenicity of ependymoma fusion genes
Creators: name: Takadera, Mutsumi
name: Kaishi Satomi
name: Szulzewsky, Frank
name: Cimino, Patrick J.
name: Holland, Eric C.
name: Yamamoto, Tetsuya
name: Ichimura, Koichi
name: Ozawa, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary materials and methods
title: Gout Knowledge, Beliefs and Treatment Practices in a National Sample of US Primary Care Providers
Creators: name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Mazor, Kathleen M.
name: Negron, Amarie
name: Ogarek, Jessica
name: Firneno, Cassandra L.
name: Yood, Robert A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Objectives: We sought to examine primary care providers’ gout knowledge and reported treatment patterns in comparison to current treatment recommendations.

Methods: We conducted a national survey of a random sample of primary care physicians (internists and family practitioners) to assess their treatment of acute, intercritical, and tophaceous gout in comparison to published European and American gout treatment recommendations and guidelines.

Results: There were 838 respondents (response rate of 41%) most of whom worked in private practice (63%) with >16 years experience (52%). For acute podagra, 16% reported care consistent with the recommendations including avoidance of anti-inflammatory drugs in the setting of renal insufficiency, use of colchicine at a dose of ≤ 1.8mg a day, and no initiation of a urate-lowering drug (ULD) during an acute attack (internists 21% vs. family practitioners 11%, p<0.001). For intercritical gout, 3% would provide care consistent with the recommendations including initiating a ULD at the appropriate dose in the setting of renal insufficiency, with dosing titration to a serum urate level of ≤ 6 mg/dl and providing prophylaxis with colchicine (internists 5% vs. family practitioners 3%, p=0.12). For tophaceous gout, 17% reported care consistent with the recommendations including ULD use with dosing titration to a serum urate level of ≤ 6 mg/dl and prophylaxis with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories or colchicine (internists 22% vs. 13% family practitioners, p<0.001).

Conclusion: While internists were more likely than family practitioners to suggest recommended care, the majority of physicians did not report optimal treatment practices, suggesting further education is needed.
Chiral currents in Bose-Einstein condensates subject to current-density interactions
Creators: name: Arazo, Maria
name: Guilleumas, Montserrat
name: Mayol, Ricardo
name: Delgado, Vicente
name: Mateo, Antonio Muñoz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Persistent currents in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates become chiral in the presence of current-density interactions. This phenomenon is explored in ultracold atoms loaded in a rotating ring geometry, where diverse current-carrying stationary states are analytically found to generalize previously known solutions to the mean-field equations of motion. Their dynamical stability is tested by numerical simulations that show stable currents for states with both constant and modulated density profiles, while decaying currents appear only beyond a unidirectional velocity threshold. Recent experiments in the field make these states within experimental reach.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
title: Eat Walk Sleep for Health: Primary Prevention in a Refugee Community
Creators: name: Haley, Heather-Lyn
name: Walsh, Meredith
name: Maung, Nang
name: Savage, Clara
name: Cashman, Suzanne B.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Background: Refugees resettling in the US historically follow a trajectory of declining health as they adopt American diet and physical activity.

Methods: This participatory research study explored health beliefs and behaviors of refugees from Burma currently resettling in New England. Community members and researchers adapted a healthy living bilingual educational flipchart, which was piloted in two workshops with a total of 20 adult men and women. An interpreter translated the audio taped discussions which were transcribed and analyzed using standard qualitative methods.

Conclusions/ Discussion: Refugee camps constrain food and physical activity related health behaviors. Refugees rely on traditional healing practices but are familiar with western public health care and preventive education. In camps, close living quarters encouraged social interaction and group play. Physical activity was built into daily life as transportation, occupation and food gathering method. Exercise was a byproduct of a busy day, walking to work or school, collecting bamboo in the woods. New arrivals are often housebound and isolated; they seek simple maps that assist in locating resources in their new communities. Asking about sleep appears to open the conversation about emotional and mental health problems. Refugees want specific information about healthy foods and better understanding of how to determine need for exercise. They also seek consistent information on prevention of health problems common in the US coupled with assistance preserving their traditional beliefs.

Discussion: Post-settlement in the US, retaining good health is challenging. Flipcharts and neighborhood map drawing provide avenues for open discussion leading to areas for Prevention Research Centers to partner for health.