cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stability, creation and annihilation of charges in gauge theories
Creators: name: Ilderton, Anton
name: Lavelle, Martin
name: McMullan, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to construct physical, minimal energy states for systems of static and moving charges. These states are manifestly gauge invariant. For charge-anticharge systems we also construct states in which the gauge fields are restricted to a finite volume around the location of the matter fields. Although this is an excited state, it is not singular, unlike all previous finite volume descriptions. We use our states to model the processes of pair creation and annihilation.
description: Six EPS figures. Version 2: minor typos corrected
title: Evaluation of Molting Areas of Great Basin Canada Geese
Creators: name: Arneson, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: Environmental factors at Neponset and Woodruff Narrows reservoirs were evaluated to determine their effects on molting Canada geese. More geese utilized Woodruff Narrows. Geese apparently favored the larger expanse of open water and adequate food supply.
Most of the molting geese were from the Bear River drainage. Some geese came from scattered areas in Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. After molting, the geese flew to migration staging areas in southeastern Idaho before migrating to wintering areas in southern California and Arizona.
Females outnumbered males by 6 percent. The mean annual mortality rate for adult geese was 42 percent. Recovery rates between the sexes were not significantly different (P≤0.01). Juvenile geese were 1.4 times more vulnerable than adults to hunting mortality. Hunting pressure on the geese at the reservoirs was not great enough to be detrimental to the flock.
Of 89 nests, 53 percent were successful . Mean clutch size was 4.85 eggs per nest with a range of 1-7. Mammalian and avian predators destroyed 25 percent of the eggs. Forty-seven broods were observed with an average brood size of 4.77 young.
Other water fowl populations did not affect the goose population.
Profile blunting and flow blockage in a yield stress fluid: A molecular dynamics study
Creators: name: Varnik, Fathollah
name: Raabe, Dierk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow of a simple glass forming system (a 80:20 binary Lennard-Jones mixture) through a planar channel is studied via molecular dynamics simulations. The flow is driven by an external body force similar to gravity. Previous studies show that the model exhibits both a static [Varnik et al. J. Chem. Phys. 120, 2788 (2004)] and a dynamic [F. Varnik and O. Henrich Phys. Rev. B 73, 174209 (2006)] yield stress in the glassy phase. \blue{These observations are corroborated by the present work, where we investigate how the presence of a yield stress may affect the system behavior in a Poiseuille-type flow geometry.} In particular, we observe a blunted velocity profile across the channel: A relatively wide region in the channel center flows with a constant velocity (zero shear rate) followed by a non linear change of the shear rate as the walls are approached. The observed velocity gradients are compared to those obtained from the knowledge of the shear stress across the channel and the flow-curves (stress versus shear rate), the latter being determined in our previous simulations of homogeneous shear flow. Furthermore, using the value of the (dynamic) yield stress known from previous simulations, we estimate the threshold body force for a complete arrest of the flow. Indeed, a blockage is observed as the imposed force falls below this threshold value. Small but finite shear rates are observed at stresses above the dynamic but below the static yield stress. We discuss the possible role of the \blue{stick-slip like motion} for this observation.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
title: Effects of Starvation and Time at Stocking on Survival of Stocked Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri
Creators: name: Bricker, Marlin John
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: Investigations of effects of starvation and time at stocking on the survival of catchable rainbow trout in two areas of Mammoth Creek in Dixie National Forest, Utah, were conducted from May 24 to December 6, 1969. Fish were starved for 6 days and 1 day and stocked in the morning (5:40-7:00 a.m.) and in the afternoon (1:45-5:30 p.m.). Out of 7,000 tagged fish stocked, 4,751 tags were returned by fishermen. The 6-day starved fish, stocked in the morning returned to the creel in highest numbers (1,240); followed by 1-day starved, afternoon-stocked fish (1,194); 6-day starved, afternoon-stocked fish (1,163); and 1-day starved, morning-stocked fish (1,154). For the entire stream, the main effects of starvation and time at stocking were not significant at the 10 percent level, but their interaction was significant at the 1 percent level.
In the upper area, however, both 6-day starved lots returned to the creel in greater numbers (692) than the 1-day starved lots (643), and the main effect of starvation was significant at the 1 percent level in addition to the interaction being significant at the 5 percent level.
About 81 percent of the tags returned were from fish caught in the sections stocked. One percent of the tags were from fish that moved upstream and 18 percent from fish that moved approximately 3 miles or less downstream. No consistent downstream movement patterns were related to either starvation or time at stocking.
One week after the fishing season, 68 percent of all (19) tagged fish captured by electrofishing were 6-day starved fish, but this difference was not significant at the 10 percent level.
A Noise Addition Scheme in Decision Tree for Privacy Preserving Data Mining
Creators: name: Kadampur, Mohammad Ali
name: N, Somayajulu D. V. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data mining deals with automatic extraction of previously unknown patterns from large amounts of data. Organizations all over the world handle large amounts of data and are dependent on mining gigantic data sets for expansion of their enterprises. These data sets typically contain sensitive individual information, which consequently get exposed to the other parties. Though we cannot deny the benefits of knowledge discovery that comes through data mining, we should also ensure that data privacy is maintained in the event of data mining. Privacy preserving data mining is a specialized activity in which the data privacy is ensured during data mining. Data privacy is as important as the extracted knowledge and efforts that guarantee data privacy during data mining are encouraged. In this paper we propose a strategy that protects the data privacy during decision tree analysis of data mining process. We propose to add specific noise to the numeric attributes after exploring the decision tree of the original data. The obfuscated data then is presented to the second party for decision tree analysis. The decision tree obtained on the original data and the obfuscated data are similar but by using our method the data proper is not revealed to the second party during the mining process and hence the privacy will be preserved.
title: Drift of Oligophlebodes sigma and Baetis bicaudatus in a Mountain Stream
Creators: name: Pearson, William Dean
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: The objective of this study was to clarify the relationships between drift rates, population density, production rates, key environmental factors, and movements of adults within two populations of stream insects (a caddisfly--Oligophlebodes sigma and a mayfly--Baetis bicaudatus).
Samples of benthic invertebrates (424 total) were collected every 2 8 days at four stations on Temple Fork of the Logan River, Utah, from October, 1967 to September, 1969. Samples of drift invertebrates (181 total) were collected every 14 days at three stations on Temple Fork during the same period. During summer months (June-September) a day and a night drift sample (681 total) were collected every other day.
Drift rates of O. sigma larvae were greatest (5,987 gm/year for O. sigma) when density in the benthos (256 mg/0.1 m2) and production (430 mg/0.1 m2 /year) were greatest. Drift rates were not related positively to density in the benthos over an entire year, but drift rates were correlated positively and significantly (r = .78 and .55 for day drift of O. sigma and B. biaaudatus, respectively) with density during the months of June-September for both O. sigma larvae and B. bicaudatus nymphs. Flow, distance below the spring source of Temple Fork, and densities of competing aquatic insects were other factors of significance in the multiple regression analyses of factors affecting drift rates of the two insects. The 17 independent variables in the multiple regression analyses accounted for 65 percent and 55 percent of the variability in day drift rates of o. sigma and B. bicaudatus, respectively.
The adults of O. sigma (but not those of B. bicaudatus) undertook a definite upstream migration estimated at 2-3 km. This flight of adults resulted in a concentration of eggs being laid in the upper reaches of the stream. The advantage of the upstream flight may be that it stores reproductive products in areas where they are relatively safe from the effects of anchor-ice in the winter and floods in late winter and early spring.
Parental alienation : a qualitative investigation of the experience of targeted adult children
Creators: name: Bentley, CAR
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This study was conducted to investigate the lived experience of targeted adult children who have experienced parental alienation. The aim of the study was to develop an understanding of the meaning they ascribe to their experience of parental alienation. Ten targeted adult children provided comments, reflections and narratives during a 60 to 90-minute semi-structured, qualitative interview about their experience, how they coped with it, the impact it has had on their lives and the meaning they make from their experience. Braun and Clarke's (2006) framework of thematic analysis was used to identify themes within the data. Seven themes were identified illustrating targeted adult children's experience of parental alienation. Findings indicated that targeted adult children had been severely impacted by their experience of parental alienation. Specifically, they reported experiencing anxiety and depression, low self-worth, guilt, attachment problems, difficulty with forming and maintaining healthy relationships, and reduced or delayed educational and career attainment. Participants also described the intergenerational transmission of alienation and trauma. However, targeted adult children also demonstrated great resilience. These results demonstrate that children's exposure to parental alienation can have life-long ramifications for their psychological well-being, and highlights a need for pro-active early identification and intervention with children who are at risk of experiencing parental alienation. It was concluded that further research is required to facilitate the development of such interventions
How flat can you get? A model comparison perspective on the curvature of the Universe
Creators: name: Vardanyan, Mihran
name: Trotta, Roberto
name: Silk, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of determining the spatial geometry of the Universe is of greater relevance than ever, as precision cosmology promises to verify inflationary predictions about the curvature of the Universe. We revisit the question of what can be learnt about the spatial geometry of the Universe from the perspective of a three-way Bayesian model comparison. We show that, given current data, the probability that the Universe is spatially infinite lies between 67% and 98%, depending on the choice of priors. For the strongest prior choice, we find odds of order 50:1 (200:1) in favour of a flat Universe when compared with a closed (open) model. We also report a robust, prior-independent lower limit to the number of Hubble spheres in the Universe, N_U > 5 (at 99% confidence). We forecast the accuracy with which future CMB and BAO observations will be able to constrain curvature, finding that a cosmic variance limited CMB experiment together with an SKA-like BAO observation will constrain curvature with a precision of about sigma ~ 4.5x10^{-4}. We demonstrate that the risk of 'model confusion' (i.e., wrongly favouring a flat Universe in the presence of curvature) is much larger than might be assumed from parameter errors forecasts for future probes. We argue that a 5-sigma detection threshold guarantees a confusion- and ambiguity-free model selection. Together with inflationary arguments, this implies that the geometry of the Universe is not knowable if the value of the curvature parameter is below |Omega_curvature| ~ 10^{-4}, a bound one order of magnitude larger than the size of curvature perturbations, ~ 10^{-5}. [abridged]
description: Added discussion on the impact of adopting (wa, w0) dark energy model, main conclusions unchanged. Version accepted by MNRAS
title: The Natural Reproduction of the Cutthroat Trout, Salmo Clarki Richardson, in Strawberry Reservoir, Utah
Creators: name: Platts, William S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1958

description: Strawberry Reservoir, Utah is an 8.000 acre lake at the elevation of 7,550 feet; it has a maximum depth of 52 feet and an average depth of 18 feet. The supply of cutthroat trout eggs used to replenish and distribute this trout throughout the state are taken from two spawning traps located on reservoir tributaries. Because it has not proven economical to raise cutthroat to a larger size than newly hatched fry, it is at this site they are planted. Because of competition, predation, and lack of space the planting back of fry to maintain the fishery and spawning run presents a serious problem. Tributaries are at carrying capacity from being closed to fishing and the reservoir supports a tremendous population of trash fish; mainly the Utah chub, Gila atraria (Girard); yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchell); redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus (Cope); mountain sucker, Pantosteus delphinus Cope; and dace. Rhinichthys osculus Cope. The rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. and the cutthroat trout dominate the game fish population.
It has been the policy of the Utah State Department of Fish and Game to trap and artificially spawn spawn every possible fish, leaving most of the spawning ground unused. This cost, plus the unknown advantage, if any, of artificial over natural reproduction led to the study of the possibilities of natural reproduction for replenishment of the cutthroat trout in the reservoir.
The Ecotonal Values of New Urban Boundaries in Processes of Urban Re-densification
Creators: name: Angelucci, Filippo
Publisher: name: UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design
Year: 2020

description: With the disintegration of the Fordist city and the start of a new cycle of building densification, the unbuilt urban environment is assuming the connotation of a transitional space. Among these new kinds of spaces, urban boundaries can assume an important ‘ecotonal value’ for re-balancing the unsustainability, distortions and defaults of the modern city. The intermediate and unstable nature of urban boundaries, however, makes it impossible to establish unique, closed or exclusive relationships with the city in these spaces. A project for urban boundaries raises multidimensional questions concerning the ability to measure the physical-quantitative aspects of unbuilt space and define the qualitative values of these fringe areas. The reasons for redesigning urban boundaries can be understood by focusing on three questions. For which users should these spaces be re-imagined? Who is involved in the process of redefining urban boundaries? Why re-design the functions and performance levels of these spaces? Recognising ecotonal values in urban boundaries means attributing design with the ability to observe, to openly and adaptively interpret and govern the metamorphic dynamics of these spaces. Unbuilt or less built urban boundaries must be entirely reconsidered not only as geometric spaces in which physical, material, functional and connective aspects converge, but also as a more complex meta-system of coexistence between different expressions and projections of how space is imagined, lived and perceived by individuals and society.
description: UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design, V. 5 N. 1: Density
Metal nanopowder production by cryogenic mechanical collision and pulsed electric discharge methods
Creators: name: Rahmati, Arash
name: Abdullah, Amir
name: Esmailnia, Kaveh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the introduction of micro and nanosensors and devices, the need for pure metal and ceramic powders have risen. Spherical pure metal powders and their alloys are vital raw materials for near-net-shape fabrication via powder-metallurgy manufacturing routes as well as feed stocks for powder injection molding, and additive manufacturing. Employing atomization processes to achieve spherical powders dates back to 1980s and different attitudes to maintain a plasma current have been developed including gas atomization, plasma atomization, plasma-rotating-electrode atomization, and freefall atomization. Facilities for employing the aforementioned methods have always been expensive. This paper proposes two new processes by which pure spherical powder is achievable with relatively low costs. The first method proposed will deal with attrition of coarse particles in cryogenic milieu via coinciding jets (i.e., cryogenic coinciding jets or CCJ), while the second proposed method concerns melting and evaporation of metals caused by the heat emitted from a plasma channel made by the electric field breakdown at micrometer separations of metallic electrodes (entitled as electrode-plasma-atomization method or EPA). The CCJ method may face challenges such as cold welding of particles due to high speed collision and inefficiency of process because of presence of high plastic deformation and coldworking, whereas the EPA method demands only the use of electrically conductive materials as electrodes. Titanium powder with the particle average sizes of 62nm and also 300-400nm was achieved via the EPA method. Studies also suggest that the CCJ method is expected to produce Titanium nanopowder with less than %0.05wt contamination.
description: Submitted to The 28th Annual International Conference of Iranian Society of Mechanical Engineers-ISME2020
Search and analysis of giant radio galaxies with associated nuclei (SAGAN) V. Study of giant double-double radio galaxies from LoTSS DR2
Creators: name: Dabhade, Pratik
name: Chavan, Kshitij
name: Saikia, D. J.
name: Oei, Martijn S. S. L.
name: Rottgering, Huub J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To test the hypothesis that megaparsec-scale giant radio galaxies (GRGs) experience multiple epochs of recurrent activity leading to their giant sizes and to understand the nature of double-double radio galaxies (DDRGs), we have built the largest sample of giant DDRGs from the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) data release 2. This sample comprises 111 sources, including 76 newly identified DDRGs, with redshifts ranging from 0.06 to 1.6 and projected sizes between 0.7 Mpc and 3.3 Mpc. We conducted a detailed analysis to characterise their properties, including arm-length ratios, flux density ratios of pairs of lobes, and misalignment angles. These measurements allow us to study the symmetry parameters, which are influenced by the immediate and large-scale environments of DDRGs. Our study shows that based on the observed asymmetries of the inner lobes, the cocoons in which the inner lobes of DDRGs grow are often (~26%) asymmetrically contaminated with surrounding material from the external medium. Our analysis also reveals highly misaligned DDRGs, which could be due to environmental factors and/or changes in the supermassive black hole jet ejection axes. By studying the misalignment angles, we assess the stability of the jets in these systems in relation to their environment. For the first time, we systematically characterised the large-scale environments of DDRGs, identifying their association with dense galaxy clusters and revealing the influence of cluster weather on their morphologies. We discovered a DDRG in a distant galaxy cluster at z ~ 1.4, confirming that dynamic cluster environments can induce significant misalignment in DDRGs, consistent with simulations. Additionally, we identified two gigahertz peaked-spectrum (GPS) candidates in DDRG cores and a potential triple-double candidate, which, if confirmed, would be the fifth known case. Abridged.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A journal. 24 Pages. Comments are welcome
title: The Nitrogen Budget of Two Salt Desert Shrub Plant Communities of Western Utah
Creators: name: Bjerregaard, Richard S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: The nitrogen budgets of Eurotia lanata (Pursh.) Moq. and Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. and Frem.) S. Wats salt desert shrub plant communities were investigated. In each, a complete biomass and organic nitrogen inventory was made. In addition, investigations of the nitrogen fixation potential of soil surface microflora and inorganic soil nitrogen relationships were carried out.
Greater total biomass and organic nitrogen was found in the above-ground portions, annual shoot productivity, and litter of the Atriplex community. However, the Atriplex community was exceeded by the Eurotia community in root biomass. Roots accounted for 74 and 87 percent of the plant biomass and 83 and 90 percent of the associated organic nitrogen in Eurotia and Atriplex communities respectively. Root biomass distribution at various depths was markedly different in the two communities. Differences between communities in relative amounts of various plant parts and litter are related to contrasting plant growth habit, and differences in soil texture and soil salinity. Total plant biomass estimates, which were 18,480 and 17,300 kilograms per hectare for Eurotia and Atriplex communities, were not significantly different and reflect the overriding influence of macroclimate and associated moisture limitation.
Under laboratory conditions the soil surface microflora of the Atriplex community was able to fix significant amounts of atmospheric nitrogen while that of the Eurotia community did not. Nitrogen fixation potential in the Atriplex community was associated with the presence of abundant lichen cover and associated heterocvstcontaining blue-green algae of lichen interspaces.
Differences between communities were found in rates of mineralization, downward flux, and pattern of utilization of inorganic soil nitrogen. Soil salinity appeared to strongly limit inorganic soil nitrogen mineralization as well as root growth and nitrogen uptake in the lower part of the Atriplex soil profile; however, this lack of biological activity was compensated for by a greater downward flux of inorganic soil nitrogen from decomposing litter and surface soil in the Atriplex community. Shoot and root litter appears to be the most readily available source of inorganic soil nitrogen for plant growth in salt desert shrub plant communities.
Precision measurements of the pp\to π^+pn and pp\to π^+d reactions: importance of long-range and tensor force effects
Creators: name: Budzanowski, A.
name: Chatterjee, A.
name: Hawranek, P.
name: Jahn, R.
name: Jha, V.
name: Kilian, K.
name: Kirillov, Da.
name: Kirillov, Di.
name: Kliczewski, S.
name: Kolev, D.
name: Kravcikova, M.
name: Lesiak, M.
name: Lieb, J.
name: Machner, H.
name: Magiera, A.
name: Maier, R.
name: Martinska, G.
name: Nedev, S.
name: Niskanen, J. A.
name: Piskunov, N.
name: Protic, D.
name: Ritman, 6 J.
name: von Rossen, P.
name: Roy, B. J.
name: Sitnik, I.
name: Siudak, R.
name: Stein, H. J.
name: Tsenov, R.
name: Urban, J.
name: Vankova, 2 G.
name: Wilkin, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive measurements of pion production in proton--proton collisions in the forward direction were undertaken at 400 and 600 MeV at COSY using the Big Karl spectrograph. The high resolution in the $π^+$ momentum ensured that there was an unambiguous separation of the $pp\to π^+d/π^+pn$ channels. Using these and earlier data, the ratio of the production cross sections could be followed through the $Δ$ region and compared with the predictions of final state interaction theory. Deviations are strongly influenced by long-range terms in the production operator and the tensor force in the final $pn$ system. These have been investigated in a realistic $pp\toπ^+d/π^+pn$ calculation that includes $S \rightleftharpoons D$ channel coupling between the final nucleons. A semi-quantitative understanding of the observed effects is achieved.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Thinking Beyond Distributions in Testing Machine Learned Models
Creators: name: Rostamzadeh, Negar
name: Hutchinson, Ben
name: Greer, Christina
name: Prabhakaran, Vinodkumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Testing practices within the machine learning (ML) community have centered around assessing a learned model's predictive performance measured against a test dataset, often drawn from the same distribution as the training dataset. While recent work on robustness and fairness testing within the ML community has pointed to the importance of testing against distributional shifts, these efforts also focus on estimating the likelihood of the model making an error against a reference dataset/distribution. We argue that this view of testing actively discourages researchers and developers from looking into other sources of robustness failures, for instance corner cases which may have severe undesirable impacts. We draw parallels with decades of work within software engineering testing focused on assessing a software system against various stress conditions, including corner cases, as opposed to solely focusing on average-case behaviour. Finally, we put forth a set of recommendations to broaden the view of machine learning testing to a rigorous practice.
description: Neural Information Processing System, NeurIPS 2021 workshop on Distribution Shifts
title: Spawning and Early Life History of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Wahweap Bay, Lake Powell
Creators: name: Miller, Kent D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: Spawning time and habitat of largemouth bass, survival of embryos, and growth and food habits of fingerlings were studied in 1968 and 1969 at Wahweap Bay, Lake Powell. Spawning began in mid- to late-April, when mean daily water temperature at nesting depths was 14.4-15.0 Centigrade (58-59 Fahreheit), and continued until mid-June. Most spawning took place on the northeast shore of the bay. Sandstone rubble was the most commonly used bottom type for nesting, either at the base of ledges or around large sandstone boulders. Mean nest depth increased from 1.63 meter to 4.54 meters (5.36 feet to 14.90 feet) in 1968 and from 1.51 meter to 2.93 meters (4.96 feet to 9.60 feet) in 1969, because bass sought the protection of ledges and boulders covered by continually rising water. Nearly all embryos required 4 days to hatch, and survival to hatching was 80.4 percent and 92.2 percent for 1968 and 1969, respectively. Growth of fingerlings was similar in both years and most rapid prior to August 1 in both years. Fingerlings from the 1969 year-class were longer than those from the 1968 year-class before August 21. Total length of bass on August 21 was 68.0 millimeters in both years but 86.5 millimeters and 80.2 millimeters on October 1 in 1968 and 1969, respectively. Growth may have been influenced by total temperature experience during the early part of the growing season but not during the latter part. Fingerlings ate mostly crustaceans, insects, and fish. Size of organisms eaten increased with increase in fingerling length, and fingerling bass fed selectively on larger Crustacea. Numbers of nests located and numbers of young-of-the-year taken in beach-seine catches indicated that the 1968 year-class was stronger than 1969. Estimated numbers of bass per 92.9 meters2 (1,000 feet2 ) seined varied from 0.82 to 3.39 in 1968 and from 0.23 to 2.65 in 1969. An index to year-class strength may be obtained from seine catches at any time of the summer after brood dispersal, but indices obtained in this study must be validated by determing the contribution of each year-class to the creel.
Additional file 7 of Expanded gene and taxon sampling of diplomonads shows multiple switches to parasitic and free-living lifestyle
Creators: name: Wiśniewska, Monika M.
name: Salomaki, Eric D.
name: Silberman, Jeffrey D.
name: Terpis, Kristina X.
name: Mazancová, Eva
name: Táborský, Petr
name: Jinatham, Vasana
name: Gentekaki, Eleni
name: Čepička, Ivan
name: Kolisko, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Additional file 7: Fig. S4. Maximum likelihood tree of the tenascin gene. Tree was computed using RAxML with LG4X+G model and statistical support was inferred from 100 non-parametric bootstrap replicates. Host associated diplomonads are marked in orange, free-living in blue, and green shows diplomonads whose lifestyle is uncertain. Other eukaryotes are colored in red.
title: Mechanisms of Population Regulation in Confined Colonies of Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) and the Response to Exploitation
Creators: name: Olsen, Donna Corn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1973

description: Wild-trapped and laboratory-reared Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) were raised as confined colonies indoors with various stocking densities ranging from 0.026 to 0.100 mice per sq. ft. in pens of 40, 77, and 154 sq. ft. The animals were individually tagged and all pens were censused at weekly or semi-monthly intervals to record animals present, body weights, food consumption, and overt reproductive condition. At the termination of each experiment, all mice were necropsied and organ weights of gonads and adrenals recorded. Histological sections were made of the testes and ovaries. Half the colonies were subjected to density-independent exploitation by removal of 50% of the mice in each litter before weaning.
Colonies stocked with the wild-trapped P. m. rufinus failed to establish a regular pattern of successful breeding and were terminated after one year. The succeeding colonies were stocked with the lab-reared P. m. sonoriensis and these did breed regularly, and the young survived to maturity.
Reduction of the population growth rate to zero at the equilibrium density was accomplished by a cessation of breeding by the original females after an average of 2.9 litters was produced by each female. This, combined with a failure of the progeny born into the colony ever to produce young, caused the population growth rate to remain at zero for up to the maximum of 52 weeks permitted in this experiment. The exact mechanism appears to be psycho-physiological in nature, in that regression of the germinal tissues of the adults occurs, and these tissues failed to mature in the progeny in all experiments. Reduction of the population growth rate to zero at equilibrium density is not accomplished by mortality of either young or adults, except when wild-trapped mice are used.
Density-independent exploitation of the colonies increased the number of litters born, the litter size, and the total number of young born. There was a tendency for higher pre-weaning mortality. The net effect of these changes was a tendency for reduction in the equilibrium density of the exploited colonies, which may indicate that this species under these conditions is not totally self-regulatory; i.e., equilibrium density may be determined by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
There was no discernible effect of exploitation on the measures of body weight, food consumption, adrenal weight, or adrenal weight per gram of body weight.
Many parameters were found to be negatively correlated with stocking density: the length of the reproductive period, numbers of litters born in a colony, total number of young born in a colony, litter size, number of nest boxes occupied by the mice at equilibrium, and the number of mice present in a colony at equilibrium. Some physiological measures proved to be positively correlated with density: progeny weight at three months, adrenal weight, and adrenal weight per gram of body weight.
Near-Infrared reflectance spectroscopy of sublimating salty ice analogues. Implications for icy moons
Creators: name: Cerubini, Romain
name: Pommerol, Antoine
name: Yoldi, Zuriñe
name: Thomas, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The composition of the surface of the Galilean icy moons has been debated since the Galileo mission. Several chemistries have been proposed to explain the composition of the non-icy component of the moon's surfaces, notably, sulphuric acid hydrates and magnesium and sodium sulphates. More recently, magnesium and sodium chlorides have been proposed to explain features observed in ground-based observations. We have considered four salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4 and MgCl2) with various concentrations, to produce salty ice analogues. Granular particles were produced by a flash-freezing procedure. Additionally, compact slabs of salty ices were produced by a slow crystallisation of salty liquid solution. These two methods mimic the end-members (plumes and slow ice block formation) for producing hydrated salty ices on the surface of icy moons such as Europa and Ganymede. We have monitored the near-infrared (NIR) evolution of our salty ices during sublimation, revealing differences between the granular particles and the slabs. The slabs formed a higher amount of hydrates and the most highly hydrated compounds. Granular ices must be formed from a more concentrated salty solution to increase the amount of hydrates within the ice particles. The sublimation of salty ices removed all excess water ice efficiently, but the dehydration of the salts was not observed. The final spectra of the slabs were most flattened around 1.5 and 2.0 μm, especially for the Na2SO4, MgCl2 and MgSO4, suggesting the presence of stable, highly hydrated compounds. We find that Na2SO4, MgCl2 and MgSO4 are most compatible with the non-icy component at the surface of the icy moons as observed by the NIMS instrument on Galileo and by ground-based observations.
description: 71 pages with 16 figures
title: Great Basin Bristlecone Pine Resistance to Mountain Pine Beetle: An Evaluation of Dendroctonus ponderosae Host Selection Behavior and Reproductive Success in Pinus longaeva
Creators: name: Eidson, Erika L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Over the last two decades, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) populations reached epidemic levels across much of western North America, including high elevations where cool temperatures previously limited beetle persistence. Many high-elevation pine species are susceptible hosts and experienced high levels of mortality in recent outbreaks, but co-occurring Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva), the longest-living non-clonal organism, were not attacked. I assessed Great Basin bristlecone pine resistance to mountain pine beetle by evaluating mountain pine beetle host selection behavior and reproductive success in this species.
To evaluate mountain pine beetle host selection preference for Great Basin bristlecone pine, I used no-choice 48-hour attack box experiments that confined pioneering female beetles onto pairs of living Great Basin bristlecone and limber pine (P. flexilis), a susceptible host tree species. To investigate the effect of induced tree defenses on host selection behavior, I repeated the tests on paired sections of Great Basin bristlecone and limber pines that had been recently cut, thereby removing their capacity for induced defensive reactions to an attack. Mountain pine beetles avoided Great Basin bristlecone pine relative to limber pine, suggesting that Great Basin bristlecone pine has a high level of resistance to mountain pine beetle due at least in part to stimuli that repel pioneering females from initiating attacks, even when induced defenses are compromised.
To investigate mountain pine beetle reproductive success in Great Basin bristlecone pine, I compared the mating success, fecundity, and brood production of mountain pine beetle parents placed in cut Great Basin bristlecone pine bolts with that of mountain pine beetles placed in cut bolts of limber pine and lodgepole pine (P. contorta), two susceptible species. Initial reproductive development was similar in all three tree species, but nearly all brood in Great Basin bristlecone pine died before emerging. The extensive offspring mortality observed in Great Basin bristlecone pine may be a key evolutionary driver behind mountain pine beetle aversion to the species. These findings suggest that Great Basin bristlecone pine is a highly resistant species with low vulnerability to climate-driven increases in mountain pine beetle outbreaks at high elevations.
A gender in-group effect on facial recall
Creators: name: Bailey, AR
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: In-group bias in face recall accuracy has been consistently demonstrated with individuals performing better when encountering faces of their own social categorisation. Research has discovered this effect across race and age and has uncovered some evidence of an own gender bias. Discrepancies remain however, especially when alternative in-groups are established. The current study assessed 106 (68 female, 38 male) adult participants' recall accuracy across male and female faces after reading a news article, either highlighting gender inequalities or collective experiences. No significant differences between conditions in either recall or confidence were observed. There were also no significant differences in recall accuracy between genders. Furthermore, no significant differences were exhibited in women's accuracy across face genders. However, a statistically significant medium strength positive difference was found in men's accuracy of male faces when compared to female faces. Additionally, the results revealed men recorded significantly higher confidence ratings than women. These findings advance understanding of the impacts of gender and social identity on recall and confidence ratings. They suggest confidence ratings adhere to a general intelligence model (impacted by both fundamental knowledge and stressors). Therefore, more reliable methods of assessing identification accuracy in eye-witness testimonies than collective confidence ratings should be developed.
Polymer quantization of the free scalar field and its classical limit
Creators: name: Laddha, Alok
name: Varadarajan, Madhavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building on prior work, a generally covariant reformulation of free scalar field theory on the flat Lorentzian cylinder is quantized using Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) type `polymer' representations. This quantization of the {\em continuum} classical theory yields a quantum theory which lives on a discrete spacetime lattice. We explicitly construct a state in the polymer Hilbert space which reproduces the standard Fock vacuum- two point functions for long wavelength modes of the scalar field. Our construction indicates that the continuum classical theory emerges under coarse graining. All our considerations are free of the "triangulation" ambiguities which plague attempts to define quantum dynamics in LQG. Our work constitutes the first complete LQG type quantization of a generally covariant field theory together with a semi-classical analysis of the true degrees of freedom and thus provides a perfect infinite dimensional toy model to study open issues in LQG, particularly those pertaining to the definition of quantum dynamics.
description: 58 pages
Plant taxonomic systems and ethnobotany of three contemporary Indian groups of the Pacific Northwest (Haida, Bella Coola, and Lillooet)
Creators: name: Turner, Nancy Jean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Plant names in three Pacific Northwest Indian languages -- Haida (Skidegate and Masset dialects), Bella Coola, and Lillooet (Fraser River "dialect") -- were analyzed semantically and taxonomically. A computerized sorting system was developed to handle pertinent information associated with these names and their corresponding plant types. At the present time, each language contains an average of about 150 generic-level plant names, over 50% of which correspond in a one-to- one fashion with botanical species. Some of the names have no meaning other than as plant names, but most are analyzable into smaller units of meaning, reflecting traditional beliefs, utilization, innate characteristics of the plants, or their resemblance to some substance, object, or other plant. Some of the generic terms are obviously borrowed from other languages, and a number of taxa can be found in each language which originally applied to indigenous species and have been expanded in recent times to include cultivated or imported counterparts. Each language contains a few general "life-form" plant names, a number of intermediate taxa -- usually unnamed, and in Haida and Lillooet, a few specific-level terms. None of the groups has an all-inclusive word for "plant". There are also several specialized generic- level terms in each language, and many general names for parts of plants. Cultural significance of plants correlates positively with the degree of specificity of names applied to them, with the number of specialized terms associated with them, and with the lexical retention of their names in diverging dialects. Linguistic origin, floristic diversity, cultural traits, inter-group contact, and especially the recent acculturation of native peoples into "white" society, are believed to be major factors influencing the character of phytotaxonomic systems of the three study groups. Maps of the study areas are provided, and appendixes are included listing all plant names used in the study, their botanical correspondence, and the utilization and cultural significance of the plants involved.
title: Predicting the impact of a northern pike (Esox lucius) invasion on endangered June sucker (Chasmistes liorus) and sport fishes in Utah Lake, UT
Creators: name: Reynolds, Jamie
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Invasive species introductions are associated with negative economic and environmental impacts, including reductions in native species populations. Successful invasive species populations often grow rapidly and a new food web equilibrium is established. Invasive, predatory northern pike (Esox lucius; hereafter pike) were detected in 2010 in Utah Lake, UT, a highly-degraded ecosystem home to the endemic, endangered June sucker (Chasmistes liorus). Here we test whether pike predation could hinder the restoration efforts of June sucker using the number of June sucker consumed by pike at various population densities as our metric. More specifically, we considered pike density at which the population could consume all June sucker stocked a critical threshold. Currently the number of naturally recruited June sucker is drastically lower than the number stocked. Thus, the metric we used to determine whether the pike population could hinder the June sucker restoration efforts is the number of pike that could consume the number of June sucker stocked. We combined pike growth and foraging observations with an energy-budget, bioenergetics consumption model to quantify lake-wide pike predation on June sucker. We also used an age-structured density dependent population model to estimate the pike population growth trajectory under various mitigation scenarios. Of 125 pike, we found an average pike consumes 0.8-1.0% June sucker and 40% sport fish. According to our bioenergetics model simulations, a population of adult pike at a very high density (60 pike per hectare) has the potential to consume nearly 6 million age-0 June sucker per year, which is likely more June sucker consumed than exist in the environment. In addition, our model suggests that an adult pike density greater than 1.5 pike per hectare has the potential to consume all June sucker stocked annually. Our age-structured population model suggests the pike population will reach equilibrium around 2026 at between 8 and 12 adult pike per hectare with the potential to consume between 0.8 and 1.2 million age-0 June sucker per year, respectively. The growing pike population could hamper restoration efforts and threaten endangered June sucker, a population with a mere 2,000 adults, in jeopardy of extinction. Our findings not only inform pike management efforts, but also highlight the importance of allocating resources toward habitat restoration to provide refuge for juvenile June sucker from predation, preventing the spread of aquatic invasive species, and the need for aquatic invasive species education.
title: An Analysis of Stock Densities and Harvest of the Cutthroat Trout of the Snake River, Teton County, Wyoming
Creators: name: Kiefling, John W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: An intensive creel census and marking program was conducted in 1969 and 1970 to make possible population estimates and estimates of harvest of cutthroat trout in the Snake River in Teton County, Wyoming. Stock density determinations made in one of the five study areas provided an estimate of 400 and 992 cutthroat trout, eight inches or more in length, per mile of stream in 1969 and 1970 respectively.
Harvest data provide an estimate of 5,207 and 5,903 cutthroat trout harvested in 1969 and 1970 respectively. The harvest estimates obtained in this study are not comparable to those made in 1967 and 1968 due to a difference in the methods used in obtaining these data.
The catches of cutthroat trout per hour in 1969 and 1970 were calculated to be 0.31 and 0.30 respectively, These relatively low success rates are coincident with the fluctuating volume flows of the Snake River.
Average lengths, condition factors, and catch per unit effort do not indicate significant changes in the fishery from past years.