cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Deceleration, precooling, and multi-pass stopping of highly charged ions in Be+ Coulomb crystals
Creators: name: Schmöger, L.
name: Schwarz, M.
name: Baumann, T.M.
name: Versolato, O.O.
name: Piest, B.
name: Pfeifer, T.
name: Ullrich, J.
name: Schmidt, Piet O.
name: Crespo López-Urrutia, J.R.
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Institute of Physics
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Charged particles
subject: Ion sources
subject: Laser cooling
subject: Phase space methods
subject: Fine structure constants
subject: Frequency metrology
subject: Highly charged ions
subject: Linear Paul Trap
subject: Preparation technique
subject: Pulsed ion sources
subject: Spatial and temporal variation
subject: Sympathetic cooling
subject: Cooling
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Preparing highly charged ions (HCIs) in a cold and strongly localized state is of particular interest for frequency metrology and tests of possible spatial and temporal variations of the fine structure constant. Our versatile preparation technique is based on the generic modular combination of a pulsed ion source with a cryogenic linear Paul trap. Both instruments are connected by a compact beamline with deceleration and precooling properties. We present its design and commissioning experiments regarding these two functionalities. A pulsed buncher tube allows for the deceleration and longitudinal phase-space compression of the ion pulses. External injection of slow HCIs, specifically Ar13+, into the linear Paul trap and their subsequent retrapping in the absence of sympathetic cooling is demonstrated. The latter proved to be a necessary prerequisite for the multi-pass stopping of HCIs in continuously laser-cooled Be+ Coulomb crystals. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
Variational study for the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter at finite temperatures
Creators: name: Togashi, H.
name: Takano, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An equation of state (EOS) for uniform asymmetric nuclear matter (ANM) is constructed at zero and finite temperatures by the variational method starting from the nuclear Hamiltonian that is composed of the Argonne v18 and Urbana IX potentials. At zero temperature, the two-body energy is calculated with the Jastrow wave function in the two-body cluster approximation which is supplemented by Mayer's condition and the healing-distance condition so as to reproduce the result by Akmal, Pandharipande and Ravenhall. The energy caused by the three-body force is treated somewhat phenomenologically so that the total energy reproduces the empirical saturation conditions. The masses and radii of neutron stars obtained with the EOS are consistent with recent observational data. At finite temperatures, thermodynamic quantities such as free energy, internal energy, entropy, pressure and chemical potentials are calculated with an extension of the method by Schmidt and Pandharipande. The validity of the frozen-correlation approximation employed in this work is confirmed as compared with the result of the fully minimized calculation. The quadratic proton-fraction-dependence of the energy of ANM is confirmed at zero temperature, whereas the free energy of ANM deviates from the quadratic proton-fraction-dependence markedly at finite temperatures. The obtained EOS of ANM will be an important ingredient of a new nuclear EOS for supernova numerical simulations.
description: 31 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A
Supplementary document for Autofocus Fourier single-pixel microscopy - 6645685.pdf
Creators: name: Deng, Zilin
name: qi, shaoting
name: Zhang, Zibang
name: Zhong, Jingang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Classical and Physical Optics

description: This document includes the details about the 10 Fourier coefficients acquired for autofocus in our experiments.
Theoretical study of the preparation of quantum degenerate mixtures for precision atom interferometry
Creators: name: Posso Trujillo, Katerine
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: BEC mixtures
subject: Delta kick cooling
subject: Equivalence principle tests
subject: atom interferometry
subject: Delta-kick-Kühlung
subject: STE-QUEST
subject: Äquivalenzprinzip Tests
subject: Atominterferometrie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: In dieser Arbeit werden quantenentartete Gemische auf ihre Eigenschaften als Quellen für Präzisionsatominterferometer zum Test des Einsteinschen Äquivalenzprinzips untersucht. Um die notwendige Auflösung zu erreichen, sollen die Interferometriezyklen auf mehrere Sekunden ausgedehnt werden. Die bekannten Hauptbeiträge an systematischen Effekten, die bei realistischen Aufbauten auftreten, sind hierbei berücksichtigt, und für einige werden Strategien zur Unterdrückung präsentiert. Die Gemische die hier betrachtet werden, sind Bose-Einstein-Kondensate aus 87Rb/85Rb und 87Rb/41K. Eine simultane Absenkung der Expansionsraten beider Komponenten in den Temperaturbereich von weniger als 100 pK ist notwendig, um einerseits freie Entwicklungszeiten der Kondensate von 10 s zu ermöglichen, und andererseits systematische Fehler zum Beispiel verursacht durch die atomare Bewegung in den Wellenfronten der Lichtfelder zu unterdrücken. Um diese Anforderungen erfüllen zu könnnen, wurde die Rolle der Wechselwirkung der Teilchen untereinander betrachtet, die von ihrer einfachen Durchstimmbarkeit mit Hilfe von Feshbach-Resonanzen profitiert. Neben der Manipulierbarkeit der Wechselwirkung wurden Delta-Kicks zur Kollimation untersucht, durch die der Einfluss der führenden systematischen Fehler unterdrückt wird. Neben dem oben genannten Gemisch wurden auch die Gemische 87Rb/39K und 87Rb/170Yb untersucht. Das 87Rb/87K-Gemisch wurde als Kandidat für Hochpräzisionsatominterferomtrie in Mikrogravitation identifiziert. Das Yb-basierte Gemisch hat den vorteil, dass die Wechselwirklung ohne zusätzliche Feshbachfelder durchgeführt werden kann. Für die Delta-Kicks wurde eine Vielzahl an Fallengeometrien untersucht, wie etwa die Dipolfalle, chip-basierte Potentiale, sowie das TOP-Fallenpotential (engl.: Time-Orbiting-Potential), um Majorana-Verluste zu verhindern. Die Berechnungen wurden mit Hilfe der Gross Pitaevskii Gleichung und Skalierungstheorie vorgenommen.
Die Klausurbauten des Zisterzienserklosters Bronnbach im 12. und 1 3. Jahrhundert1
Creators: name: Krug, Katinka
Publisher: name: Südwestdeutsche Beiträge zur historischen Bauforschung
Year: 2017

description: [nicht vorhanden / not available]
description: Südwestdeutsche Beiträge zur historischen Bauforschung, Bd. 7 (2007)
Grid-free powder averages: on the applications of the Fokker-Planck equation to solid state NMR
Creators: name: Edwards, Luke J.
name: Savostyanov, D. V.
name: Nevzorov, A. A.
name: Concistre, M.
name: Pileio, G.
name: Kuprov, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that Fokker-Planck equations in which spatial coordinates are treated on the same conceptual level as spin coordinates yield a convenient formalism for treating magic angle spinning NMR experiments. In particular, time dependence disappears from the background Hamiltonian (sample spinning is treated as an interaction), spherical quadrature grids are avoided completely (coordinate distributions are a part of the formalism) and relaxation theory with any linear diffusion operator is easily adopted from the Stochastic Liouville Equation theory. The proposed formalism contains Floquet theory as a special case. The elimination of the spherical averaging grid comes at the cost of increased matrix dimensions, but we show that this can be mitigated by the use of state space restriction and tensor train techniques. It is also demonstrated that low correlation order basis sets apparently give accurate answers in powder-averaged MAS simulations, meaning that polynomially scaling simulation algorithms do exist for a large class of solid state NMR experiments.
description: Submitted for publication
Die Pfarrei im Blickfeld der Obrigkeit. Aufsicht und Reform durch Bischöfe, Landesherren und Städte
Creators: name: Volkmar, Christoph
Publisher: name: Vorträge und Forschungen
Year: 2017

description: Vorträge und Forschungen, Bd. 77 (2013): Vorträge und Forschungen: Die Pfarrei im späten Mittelalter
A transportable optical lattice clock for metrology and geodesy
Creators: name: Grotti, Jacopo
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Transportable Optical Clock
subject: metrology
subject: Relativistic Geodesy
subject: frequency standards
subject: Chronometric leveling
subject: Transportable Optische Gitteruhr
subject: Metrologie
subject: Relativistische Geodesie
subject: Frequenzstandards
subject: Chronometrisches Nivellement
subject: Strontium
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: This work presents the first measurement campaigns performed with PTB transportable optical lattice clock based on Strontium atoms for applications in clock comparisons and relativistic geodesy.
On-Orbit Degradation of Solar Instruments
Creators: name: BenMoussa, A.
name: Gissot, S.
name: Schühle, U.
name: Del Zanna, G.
name: Auchère, F.
name: Mekaoui, S.
name: Jones, A. R.
name: Walton, D.
name: Eyles, C. J.
name: Thuillier, G.
name: Seaton, D.
name: Dammasch, I. E.
name: Cessateur, G.
name: Meftah, M.
name: Andretta, V.
name: Berghmans, D.
name: Bewsher, D.
name: Bolsée, D.
name: Bradley, L.
name: Brown, D. S.
name: Chamberlin, P. C.
name: Dewitte, S.
name: Didkovsky, L. V.
name: Dominique, M.
name: Eparvier, F. G.
name: Foujols, T.
name: Gillotay, D.
name: Giordanengo, B.
name: Halain, J. -P.
name: Hock, R. A.
name: Irbah, A.
name: Jeppesen, C.
name: Judge, D. L.
name: Kretzschmar, M.
name: McMullin, D. R.
name: Nicula, B.
name: Schmutz, W.
name: Ucker, G.
name: Wieman, S.
name: Woodraska, D.
name: Woods, T. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the lessons learned about the degradation observed in several space solar missions, based on contributions at the Workshop about On-Orbit Degradation of Solar and Space Weather Instruments that took place at the Solar Terrestrial Centre of Excellence (Royal Observatory of Belgium) in Brussels on 3 May 2012. The aim of this workshop was to open discussions related to the degradation observed in Sun-observing instruments exposed to the effects of the space environment. This article summarizes the various lessons learned and offers recommendations to reduce or correct expected degradation with the goal of increasing the useful lifespan of future and ongoing space missions.
Das laikale Stiftungswesen in spätmittelalterlichen Pfarrkirchen: Kaufleute, Korporationen und Marienverehrung in Lübeck
Creators: name: Dormeier, Heinrich
Publisher: name: Vorträge und Forschungen
Year: 2017

description: Vorträge und Forschungen, Bd. 77 (2013): Vorträge und Forschungen: Die Pfarrei im späten Mittelalter
Some Aspects of Tachyon Field Cosmology
Creators: name: Nozari, Kourosh
name: Rshidi, Narges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study inflation, perturbations, non-gaussinity and late-time cosmological dynamics of a tachyon field both minimally and non-minimally coupled to gravity. By analyzing the parameters space of the model, the viability of the model in confrontation with recent observational data is considered. In a dynamical system technique, we study the phase space dynamics of both minimally and non-minimally coupled tachyon field. We find the fixed points (lines in our setup) and explore their stability. Also, we perform a statefinder diagnostic to both cases and show that the trajectories of the state finder pairs reach a stable state which is corresponding to a $Λ$CDM scenario.
description: 33 pages, 25 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Imaging Cooper Pairing of Heavy Fermions in CeCoIn5
Creators: name: Allan, M. P.
name: Massee, F.
name: Morr, D. K.
name: van Dyke, J.
name: Rost, A. W.
name: Mackenzie, A. P.
name: Petrovic, C.
name: Davis, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cooper pairing mechanism of heavy-fermion superconductors, while long hypothesized as due to spin fluctuations, has not been determined. It is the momentum space (k-space) structure of the superconducting energy gap delta(k) that encodes specifics of this pairing mechanism. However, because the energy scales are so low, it has not been possible to directly measure delta(k) for any heavy-fermion superconductor. Bogoliubov quasiparticle interference (QPI) imaging, a proven technique for measuring the energy gaps of high-Tc superconductors, has recently been proposed as a new method to measure delta(k) in heavy-fermion superconductors, specifically CeCoIn5. By implementing this method, we immediately detect a superconducting energy gap whose nodes are oriented along k||(+-1, +-1)pi/a0 directions. Moreover, we determine the complete k-space structure of the delta(k) of a heavy-fermion superconductor. For CeCoIn5, this novel information includes: the complex band structure and Fermi surface of the hybridized heavy bands, the fact that highest magnitude delta(k) opens on a high-k band so that gap nodes occur at quite unanticipated k-space locations, and that the Bogoliubov quasiparticle interference patterns are most consistent with dx2-y2 gap symmetry. The availability of such quantitative heavy band- and gap-structure data will be critical in identifying the microscopic mechanism of heavy fermion superconductivity in this material, and perhaps in general.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, supplementary information
The Minimal and the New Minimal Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories on Noncommutative Space-time
Creators: name: Martin, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct noncommutative versions of both the minimal and the new minimal supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories. The enveloping-algebra formalism is used to carry out such constructions. The beautiful formulation of the Higgs sector of these noncommutative theories is a consequence of fact that, in the GUTs at hand, the ordinary Higgs fields can be realized as elements of the Clifford algebra Cl10(C). In the noncommutative supersymmetric GUTs we formulate, supersymmetry is linearly realized by the noncommutative fields; but it is not realized by the ordinary fields that define those noncommutative fields via the Seiberg-Witten map.
description: 22 pages, no figures. References added
Efficient procedure for the measurement of preresonant excitation profiles in UV Raman spectroscopy
Creators: name: Höhl, Martin
name: Roth, Bernhard
name: Morgner, Uwe
name: Meinhardt-Wollweber, Merve
Publisher: name: College Park, ML : American Physical Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Molecules
subject: Resonance
subject: Data post-processing
subject: Excitation conditions
subject: Excitation profile
subject: Optimal wavelength
subject: Resonance enhancement
subject: Resonance Raman spectroscopy
subject: Scattered intensity
subject: UV-Raman spectroscopy
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) is a promising technique for investigating samples with low concentrations of single constituents or many different constituents. The wavelength dependent resonance enhancement (resonance profile) of the respective molecule yields information about the targeted species and reveals the optimal wavelength for high resolution RRS. A significant increase of the Raman scattered intensity can already be achieved in the vicinity of the molecules' absorption band (preresonance). Measuring such preresonance and resonance profiles requires precise control of excitation conditions and careful assessment of the spectral accuracy of the setup. We present a comprehensive procedure for the acquisition of preresonance profiles in Raman spectroscopy. An experimental setup for recording the single spectra is combined with an efficient algorithm for data postprocessing. The procedure is demonstrated on amino acids measured in the UV and can be applied to any molecule and wavelength range. © 2017 Author(s).
The Maximum Energy of Accelerated Particles in Relativistic Collisionless Shocks
Creators: name: Sironi, Lorenzo
name: Spitkovsky, Anatoly
name: Arons, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is usually interpreted as synchrotron radiation from electrons accelerated at the GRB external shock, that propagates with relativistic velocities into the magnetized interstellar medium. By means of multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the acceleration performance of weakly magnetized relativistic shocks, in the magnetization range 0
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, submitted to ApJ
An experimental test of environmental filtering in zooplankton pond communities
Creators: name: Parry, Victor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310304
subject: Freshwater ecology
classificationCode: 310302
subject: Community ecology (excl. invasive species ecology)
classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Examine the influence of environmental filtering on the zooplankton community structure in a group of ponds within an agricultural landscape
Hamiltonian treatment of linear field theories in the presence of boundaries: a geometric approach
Creators: name: G., J. Fernando Barbero
name: Prieto, Jorge
name: Villaseñor, Eduardo J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to study in detail the constraint structure of the Hamiltonian and symplectic-Lagrangian descriptions for the scalar and electromagnetic fields in the presence of spatial boundaries. We carefully discuss the implementation of the geometric constraint algorithm of Gotay, Nester and Hinds with special emphasis on the relevant functional analytic aspects of the problem. This is an important step towards the rigorous understanding of general field theories in the presence of boundaries, very especially when these fail to be regular. The geometric approach developed in the paper is also useful with regard to the interpretation of the physical degrees of freedom and the nature of the constraints when both gauge symmetries and boundaries are present.
description: 42 pages
O-minimal structures: low arity versus generation
Creators: name: Randriambololona, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C64, 26B40, 32B20, 32A05

description: We show that an analogue of the Hilbert's Thirteenth Problem fails in the real subanalytic setting.Namely we prove that, for any integer $n$, the o-minimal structure generated by restricted analytic functions in $n$ variables is strictly smaller than the structure of all global subanalytic sets, whereas these two structures define the same subsets in $\mathbb R ^{n+1}$.
description: 10 pages
Adel, Bürgerschaft und Kommune in der Bildlichkeit des italienischen Mittelalters. Zum Tympanon von San Zeno in Verona und Lorenzettis Buon Governo in Siena
Creators: name: Dilcher, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Vorträge und Forschungen
Year: 2017

description: Vorträge und Forschungen, Bd. 76 (2013): Vorträge und Forschungen: Ausbildung und Verbreitung des Lehnwesens im Reich und in Italien im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert
Pedicularis recutita
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: P. recutita X tuberosa Cat. 278. Wie der vorige Bastard.
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Deep optical imaging of AGB circumstellar envelopes
Creators: name: Mauron, N.
name: Huggins, P. J.
name: Cheung, C. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of a program to image the extended circumstellar envelopes of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in dust-scattered Galactic light. The goal is to characterize the shapes of the envelopes to probe the mass-loss geometry and the presence of hidden binary companions. The observations consist of deep optical imaging of 22 AGB stars with high mass loss rates: 16 with the ESO 3.5 m NTT telescope, and the remainder with other telescopes. The circumstellar envelopes are detected in 15 objects, with mass loss rates > 2E-6 Msun/year. The surface brightness of the envelopes shows a strong decrease with Galactic radius, which indicates a steep radial gradient in the interstellar radiation field. The envelopes range from circular to elliptical in shape, and we characterize them by the ellipticity (E = major/minor axis) of iso-intensity contours. We find that about 50 percent of the envelopes are close to circular with E < 1.1, and others are more elliptical with about 20 percent with E > 1.2. We interpret the shapes in terms of populations of single stars and binaries whose envelopes are flattened by a companion. The distribution of E is qualitatively consistent with expectations based on population synthesis models of binary AGB stars. We also find that about 50 percent of the sample exhibit small-scale, elongated features in the central regions. We interpret these as the escape of light from the central star through polar holes, which are also likely produced by companions. Our observations of envelope flattening and polar holes point to a hidden population of companions within the circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars. These companions are expected to play an important role in the transition to post-AGB stars and the formation of planetary nebulae.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, color pictures in Appendix, accepted by A&A
Keepers of the Double Stars
Creators: name: Tenn, Joseph S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astronomers have long tracked double stars in efforts to find those that are gravitationally-bound binaries and then to determine their orbits. Early catalogues by the Herschels, Struves, and others began with their own discoveries. In 1906 court reporter and amateur astronomer Sherburne Wesley Burnham published a massive double star catalogue containing data from many observers on more than 13,000 systems. Lick Observatory astronomer Robert Grant Aitken produced a much larger catalogue in 1932 and coordinated with Robert Innes of Johannesburg, who catalogued the southern systems. Aitken maintained and expanded Burnham's records of observations on handwritten file cards, and eventually turned them over to the Lick Observatory, where astrometrist Hamilton Jeffers further expanded the collection and put all the observations on punched cards. With the aid of Frances M. "Rete" Greeby he made two catalogues: an Index Catalogue with basic data about each star, and a complete catalogue of observations, with one observation per punched card. He enlisted Willem van den Bos of Johannesburg to add southern stars, and together they published the Index Catalogue of Visual Double Stars, 1961.0. As Jeffers approached retirement he became greatly concerned about the disposition of the catalogues. He wanted to be replaced by another "double star man," but Lick Director Albert E. Whitford had the new 120-inch reflector, the world's second largest telescope, and he wanted to pursue modern astrophysics instead. Jeffers was vociferously opposed to turning over the card files to another institution, and especially against their coming under the control of Kaj Strand of the United States Naval Observatory. The USNO got the files and has maintained the records ever since, first under Charles Worley, and, since 1997, under Brian Mason. Now called the Washington Double Star Catalog, it is online.
description: 13 pages, 24 figures
Additive manufacturing of patient-specific tubular continuum manipulators
Creators: name: Amanov, E.
name: Nguyen, T.-D.
name: Burgner-Kahrs, Jessica
Publisher: name: Bellingham, WA : S P I E - International Society for Optical Engineering
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Additive manfacturing
subject: Concentric tube continuum robot
subject: Fused filament fabrication
subject: Surgical robotics
subject: Tubular continuum manipulator
subject: 3D printers
subject: Cost effectiveness
subject: Fabrication
subject: Medical imaging
subject: Polyamides
subject: Rayon
subject: Reinforced plastics
subject: Robotics
subject: Shape memory effect
subject: Surgery
subject: Surgical equipment
subject: Tubes (components)
subject: Continuum robot
subject: Cost-effective production
subject: Deformation Characteristics
subject: Fabrication process
subject: Fabrication Technologies
subject: Superelastic shape memory alloy
subject: Thermoplastic materials
subject: Manipulators
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Tubular continuum robots, which are composed of multiple concentric, precurved, elastic tubes, provide more dexterity than traditional surgical instruments at the same diameter. The tubes can be precurved such that the resulting manipulator fulfills surgical task requirements. Up to now the only material used for the component tubes of those manipulators is NiTi, a superelastic shape-memory alloy of nickel and titan. NiTi is a cost-intensive material and fabrication processes are complex, requiring (proprietary) technology, e.g. for shape setting. In this paper, we evaluate component tubes made of 3 different thermoplastic materials (PLA, PCL and nylon) using fused filament fabrication technology (3D printing). This enables quick and cost-effective production of custom, patient-specific continuum manipulators, produced on site on demand. Stress-strain and deformation characteristics are evaluated experimentally for 16 fabricated tubes of each thermoplastic with diameters and shapes equivalent to those of NiTi tubes. Tubes made of PCL and nylon exhibit properties comparable to those made of NiTi. We further demonstrate a tubular continuum manipulator composed of 3 nylon tubes in a transnasal, transsphenoidal skull base surgery scenario in vitro. © 2015 SPIE.
Fundamental diagrams for kinetic equations of traffic flow
Creators: name: Fermo, Luisa
name: Tosin, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34A34, 34D05, 90B20

description: In this paper we investigate the ability of some recently introduced discrete kinetic models of vehicular traffic to catch, in their large time behavior, typical features of theoretical fundamental diagrams. Specifically, we address the so-called "spatially homogeneous problem" and, in the representative case of an exploratory model, we study the qualitative properties of its solutions for a generic number of discrete microstates. This includes, in particular, asymptotic trends and equilibria, whence fundamental diagrams originate.
description: 14 pages
Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool for studying the properties of graphene
Creators: name: Ferrari, Andrea C.
name: Basko, Denis M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Raman spectroscopy is an integral part of graphene research. It is used to determine the number and orientation of layers, the quality and types of edge, and the effects of perturbations, such as electric and magnetic fields, strain, doping, disorder and functional groups. This, in turn, provides insight into all $sp^2$-bonded carbon allotropes, because graphene is their fundamental building block. Here we review the state of the art, future directions and open questions in Raman spectroscopy of graphene. We describe essential physical processes whose importance has only recently been recognized, such as the various types of resonance at play, and the role of quantum interference. We update all basic concepts and notations, and propose a terminology that is able to describe any result in literature. We finally highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy for layered materials other than graphene.
description: main text + supplementary information
Density outbursts in a food web model with closed nutrient cycle
Creators: name: Szwabiński, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spatial three level food web model with a closed nutrient cycle is presented and analyzed via Monte Carlo simulations. The time evolution of the model reveals two asymptotic states: an absorbing one with all species being extinct, and a coexisting one, in which concentrations of all species are non-zero. There are two possible ways for the system to reach the absorbing state. In some cases the densities increase very quickly at the beginning of a simulation and then decline slowly and almost monotonically. In others, well pronounced peaks in the $R$, $C$ and $D$ densities appear regularly before the extinction. Those peaks correspond to density outbursts (waves) traveling through the system. We investigate the mechanisms leading to the waves. In particular, we show that the percolation of the detritus (i. e. the accumulation of nutrients) is necessary for the emergence of the waves. Moreover, our results corroborate the hypothesis that top-level predators play an essential role in maintaining the stability of a food web (top-down control).
description: 23 pages, 12 figures
In-Context Learning for Few-Shot Nested Named Entity Recognition
Creators: name: Zhang, Meishan
name: Wang, Bin
name: Fei, Hao
name: Zhang, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In nested Named entity recognition (NER), entities are nested with each other, and thus requiring more data annotations to address. This leads to the development of few-shot nested NER, where the prevalence of pretrained language models with in-context learning (ICL) offers promising solutions. In this work, we introduce an effective and innovative ICL framework for the setting of few-shot nested NER. We improve the ICL prompt by devising a novel example demonstration selection mechanism, EnDe retriever. In EnDe retriever, we employ contrastive learning to perform three types of representation learning, in terms of semantic similarity, boundary similarity, and label similarity, to generate high-quality demonstration examples. Extensive experiments over three nested NER and four flat NER datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our system.
description: 5 figures
Light Sources Based on Relativistic Ion Beams
Creators: name: Bessonov, E. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possible parameters of Light Sources (LS) based on Backward Rayleigh Scattering (BRS) of laser photons on relativistic ion beams in storage rings are discussed. It was shown that the parameters of the LS based on the RHIC storage ring (dedicated to High Energy Physics now) satisfy the requirements of the 2d generation LS. Using the ordinary or enhanced radiative cooling of ion beams in storage rings by broad-band lasers will permit to decrease essentially their emittance, dimensions, angular and energy spreads and convert them to the next generation of LS.
description: 5 pages, no figures, report on the conference "Channeling 2012", Algero, Sardinia, It. Presented to NIM B
Can coffee improve image guidance?
Creators: name: Wirz, Raul
name: Lathrop, Ray A.
name: Godage, Isuru S.
name: Burgner-Kahrs, Jessica
name: Russell, Paul T.
name: Webster, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Bellingham, WA : S P I E - International Society for Optical Engineering
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Granular jamming
subject: Image-guided surgery
subject: Registration
subject: Skull base surgery
subject: Errors
subject: Jamming
subject: Particles (particulate matter)
subject: Rigid structures
subject: Robotics
subject: Surgery
subject: Contributing factor
subject: Fixation methods
subject: Image guidances
subject: Image guided surgery
subject: Registration error
subject: Medical imaging
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Anecdotally, surgeons sometimes observe large errors when using image guidance in endonasal surgery. We hypothesize that one contributing factor is the possibility that operating room personnel might accidentally bump the optically tracked rigid body attached to the patient after registration has been performed. In this paper we explore the registration error at the skull base that can be induced by simulated bumping of the rigid body, and find that large errors can occur when simulated bumps are applied to the rigid body. To address this, we propose a new fixation method for the rigid body based on granular jamming (i.e. using particles like ground coffee). Our results show that our granular jamming fixation prototype reduces registration error by 28%-68% (depending on bump direction) in comparison to a standard Brainlab reference headband. © 2015 SPIE.
Coupling and induced depinning of magnetic domain walls in adjacent spin valve nanotracks
Creators: name: Sampaio, J.
name: O'Brien, L.
name: Petit, D.
name: Read, D. E.
name: Lewis, E. R.
name: Zeng, H. T.
name: Thevenard, L.
name: Cardoso, S.
name: Cowburn, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetostatic interaction between magnetic domain walls (DWs) in adjacent nanotracks has been shown to produce strong inter-DW coupling and mutual pinning. In this paper, we have used electrical measurements of adjacent spin-valve nanotracks to follow the positions of interacting DWs. We show that the magnetostatic interaction between DWs causes not only mutual pinning, as observed till now, but that a travelling DW can also induce the depinning of DWs in near-by tracks. These effects may have great implications for some proposed high density magnetic devices (e.g. racetrack memory, DW logic circuits, or DW-based MRAM).
description: The following article has been accepted by the Journal of Applied Physics
Density Functional Theory Evaluated for Structural and Electronic Properties of 1T-LixTiS2 and Lithium Ion Migration in 1T-Li0.94TiS2
Creators: name: Werth, Vanessa
name: Volgmann, Kai
name: Islam, Mazharul M.
name: Heitjans, Paul
name: Bredow, Thomas
Publisher: name: Berlin : Walter de Gruyter
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: band structure
subject: chemical shift
subject: DFT+U
subject: dispersion correction
subject: Li ion diffusion
subject: lithium titanium disulfide
subject: migration barrier
subject: quadrupole coupling constant
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: In many applications it has been found that the standard generalized gradient approximation (GGA) does not accurately describe weak chemical bond and electronic properties of solids containing transition metals. In this work, we have considered the intercalation material 1T-LixTiS2 (0≤x≤1) as a model system for the evaluation of the accuracy of GGA and corrected GGA with reference to the availabile experimental data. The influence of two different dispersion corrections (D3 and D-TS) and an on-site Coulomb repulsion term (GGA+U) on the calculated structural and electronic properties is tested. All calculations are based on the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. An effective U value of 3.5 eV is used for titanium. The deviation of the calculated lattice parameter c for TiS2 from experiment is reduced from 14 % with standard PBE to −2 % with PBE+U and Grimme’s D3 dispersion correction. 1T-TiS2 has a metallic ground state at PBE level whereas PBE+U predicts an indirect gap of 0.19 eV in agreement with experiment. The 7Li chemical shift and quadrupole coupling constants are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data only for PBE+U-D3. An activation energy of 0.4 eV is calculated with PBE+U-D3 for lithium migration via a tetrahedral interstitial site. This result is closer to experimental values than the migration barriers previously obtained at LDA level. The proposed method PBE+U-D3 gives a reasonable description of structural and electronic properties of 1T-LixTiS2 in the whole range 0≤x≤1. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2017.
Scaling relations of the slightly self-interacting cold dark matter in galaxies and clusters
Creators: name: Chan, Man Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations in galaxies and clusters indicate dark matter density profiles exhibit core-like structures which contradict to the numerical simulation results of collisionless cold dark matter. The idea of self-interacting cold dark matter (SICDM) has been invoked to solve the discrepancies between the observations and numerical simulations. In this article, I derive some important scaling relations in galaxies and clusters by using the long-range SICDM model. These scaling relations give good agreements with the empirical fittings from observational data in galaxies and clusters if the dark matter particles are only slightly self-interacting. Also, there may exist a universal critical optical depth $τ_c$ that characterizes the core-like structures. These results generally support the idea of SICDM to tackle the long-lasting dark matter problem.
description: 4 pages, accepted by MNRAS
title: The NOAA Corps A Participant Action Research of a Uniformed Service Facing Termination
Creators: name: Marriner II, Richard Eugene
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The NOAA Corps is a uniformed service of the Federal Government. It is composed of officers commissioned by the President of the United States as are the officers of the Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marines, Navy, and Public Health Service. "NOAA" is the acronym for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, an agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce.

On January 24, 1996 the Clinton administration formally proposed that the NOAA Corps be terminated on October 1, 1996. If this were to become reality it would be the first time in U.S. History that a uniformed service has been eliminated, a precedence setting action that has implications which may ripple throughout the other branches of federal service.

This thesis is a phenomenological study about how the decision to terminate the NOAA Corps has been received by the Officers of the NOAA Corps. It is written from the point of view of an officer, impacted by the proposal, who employs an action research process with in-depth interviews, literature review, and autobiographical reflections. Written within the framework of an organizational scan, the initial phase of a socio-technological analysis, the author first describes NOAA and the NOAA Corps. He then explores, with heuristic perspectives, how the news about the impending "death" of the NOAA Corps has been received among the men and women who serve NOAA.

The phenomenon is presented in the manner of a sea story (the traditional, metaphoric means of imparting knowledge among sailors), rather than employing a more typical thesis format. The author relates observed sociological behaviors within a cataloging system based on the psychological stages of grief, (Anger, Denial, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance) described in Elisabeth Kubler-Ross' book, On Death and Dying.
A rainfall data intercomparison dataset of RADKLIM, RADOLAN, and rain gauge data for Germany
Creators: name: Kreklow, Jennifer
name: Tetzlaff, Björn
name: Kuhnt, Gerald
name: Burkhard, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Basel : Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantitative precipitation estimates
subject: rainfall data
subject: wind energy plants
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::551 | Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) derived from weather radars provide spatially and temporally highly resolved rainfall data. However, they are also subject to systematic and random bias and various potential uncertainties and therefore require thorough quality checks before usage. The dataset described in this paper is a collection of precipitation statistics calculated from the hourly nationwide German RADKLIM and RADOLAN QPEs provided by the German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)), which were combined with rainfall statistics derived from rain gauge data for intercomparison. Moreover, additional information on parameters that can potentially influence radar data quality, such as the height above sea level, information on wind energy plants and the distance to the next radar station, were included in the dataset. The resulting two point shapefiles are readable with all common GIS and constitutes a spatially highly resolved rainfall statistics geodataset for the period 2006 to 2017, which can be used for statistical rainfall analyses or for the derivation of model inputs. Furthermore, the publication of this data collection has the potential to benefit other users who intend to use precipitation data for any purpose in Germany and to identify the rainfall dataset that is best suited for their application by a straightforward comparison of three rainfall datasets without any tedious data processing and georeferencing.
title: Table potatoes should contain low levels of glycoalkaloids (solanine): BfR Opinion No 010/2018 of 23 April 2018
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2018, no. 010
Collection/aggregation algorithms in Lagrangian cloud microphysical models: Rigorous evaluation in box model simulations
Creators: name: Unterstrasser, Simon
name: Hoffmann, Fabian
name: Lerch, Marion
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Lagrangian cloud microphysics
subject: AON
subject: all-or-nothing algorithm
subject: average impact algorithm
subject: AIM
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Recently, several Lagrangian microphysical models have been developed which use a large number of (computational) particles to represent a cloud. In particular, the collision process leading to coalescence of cloud droplets or aggregation of ice crystals is implemented differently in various models. Three existing implementations are reviewed and extended, and their performance is evaluated by a comparison with well-established analytical and bin model solutions. In this first step of rigorous evaluation, box model simulations, with collection/aggregation being the only process considered, have been performed for the three well-known kernels of Golovin, Long and Hall.

 Besides numerical parameters, like the time step and the number of simulation particles (SIPs) used, the details of how the initial SIP ensemble is created from a prescribed analytically defined size distribution is crucial for the performance of the algorithms. Using a constant weight technique, as done in previous studies, greatly underestimates the quality of the algorithms. Using better initialisation techniques considerably reduces the number of required SIPs to obtain realistic results. From the box model results, recommendations for the collection/aggregation implementation in higher dimensional model setups are derived. Suitable algorithms are equally relevant to treating the warm rain process and aggregation in cirrus.
Radial sine-Gordon kinks as sources of fast breathers
Creators: name: Caputo, J. -G.
name: Soerensen, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider radial sine-Gordon kinks in two, three and higher dimensions. A full two dimensional simulation showing that azimuthal perturbations remain small allows to reduce the problem to the one dimensional radial sine-Gordon equation. We solve this equation on an interval $[r_0,r_1]$ and absorb all outgoing radiation. Before collision the kink is well described by a simple law derived from the conservation of energy. In two dimensions for $r_0 \le 2$, the collision disintegrates the kink into a fast breather while for $r_0 \ge 4$ we obtain a kink-breather meta-stable state where breathers are shed at each kink "return". In three and higher dimensions $d$ a kink-pulson state appears for small $r_0$. The three states then exist as shown by a study of the $(d,r_0)$ parameter space. On the application side, the kink disintegration opens the way for new types of terahertz microwave generators.
Cryogenic linear Paul trap for cold highly charged ion experiments
Creators: name: Schwarz, M.
name: Versolato, O.O.
name: Windberger, A.
name: Brunner, F.R.
name: Ballance, T.
name: Eberle, S.N.
name: Ullrich, J.
name: Schmidt, Piet O.
name: Hansen, A.K.
name: Gingell, A.D.
name: Drewsen, M.
name: Crespo López-Urrutia, J.R.
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Institute of Physics
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Black body radiation
subject: Highly charged ions
subject: Ion injection
subject: Ion storage
subject: Laser systems
subject: Linear Paul Trap
subject: Molecular ions
subject: Optical access
subject: Sympathetic cooling
subject: Upper Bound
subject: Cryogenics
subject: Ions
subject: Solid state lasers
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Storage and cooling of highly charged ions require ultra-high vacuum levels obtainable by means of cryogenic methods. We have developed a linear Paul trap operating at 4 K capable of very long ion storage times of about 30 h. A conservative upper bound of the H 2 partial pressure of about 10 -15 mbar (at 4 K) is obtained from this. External ion injection is possible and optimized optical access for lasers is provided, while exposure to black body radiation is minimized. First results of its operation with atomic and molecular ions are presented. An all-solid state laser system at 313 nm has been set up to provide cold Be ions for sympathetic cooling of highly charged ions. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.