cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The cosmic web around the Coma cluster from constrained cosmological simulations: I. Filaments connected to Coma at $z = 0$
Creators: name: Malavasi, Nicola
name: Sorce, Jenny G.
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Aghanim, Nabila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters in the Universe occupy the important position of nodes of the cosmic web. They are connected among them by filaments, elongated structures composed of dark matter, galaxies, and gas. The connection of galaxy clusters to filaments is important, as it is related to the process of matter accretion onto the former. For this reason, investigating the connections to the cosmic web of massive clusters, especially well known ones for which a lot of information is available, is a hot topic in astrophysics. In a previous work we performed an analysis of the filament connections of the Coma cluster of galaxies, as detected from the observed galaxy distribution. In this work we resort to a numerical simulation whose initial conditions are constrained to reproduce the Local Universe, including the region of the Coma cluster to interpret our observations in an evolutionary context. We detect the filaments connected to the simulated Coma cluster and perform an accurate comparison with the cosmic web configuration we detected in observations. We perform an analysis of the halos' spatial and velocity distributions close to the filaments in the cluster outskirts. We conclude that, although not significantly larger than the average, the flux of accreting matter on the simulated Coma cluster is significantly more collimated close to the filaments with respect to the general isotropic accretion flux. This paper is the first example of such a result and the first installment in a series of publications which will explore the build-up of the Coma cluster system in connection to the filaments of the cosmic web as a function of redshift.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication at A&A
Dataset Condensation with Distribution Matching
Creators: name: Zhao, Bo
name: Bilen, Hakan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computational cost of training state-of-the-art deep models in many learning problems is rapidly increasing due to more sophisticated models and larger datasets. A recent promising direction for reducing training cost is dataset condensation that aims to replace the original large training set with a significantly smaller learned synthetic set while preserving the original information. While training deep models on the small set of condensed images can be extremely fast, their synthesis remains computationally expensive due to the complex bi-level optimization and second-order derivative computation. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective method that synthesizes condensed images by matching feature distributions of the synthetic and original training images in many sampled embedding spaces. Our method significantly reduces the synthesis cost while achieving comparable or better performance. Thanks to its efficiency, we apply our method to more realistic and larger datasets with sophisticated neural architectures and obtain a significant performance boost. We also show promising practical benefits of our method in continual learning and neural architecture search.
On the p-adic Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for elliptic curves over number fields
Creators: name: Disegni, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G40

description: We formulate a multi-variable p-adic Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for p-ordinary elliptic curves A over number fields K. It generalises the one-variable conjecture of Mazur-Tate-Teitelbaum, who studied the case K=Q and the phenomenon of exceptional zeros. We discuss old and new theoretical evidence towards our conjecture and in particular we fully prove it, under mild conditions, in the following situation: K is imaginary quadratic, A=E_K is the base-change to K of an elliptic curve over the rationals, and the rank of A is either 0 or 1. The proof is naturally divided into a few cases. Some of them are deduced from the purely cyclotomic case of elliptic curves over Q, which we obtain from a refinement of recent work of Venerucci alongside the results of Greenberg-Stevens, Perrin-Riou, and the author. The only genuinely multi-variable case (rank 1, two exceptional zeros, three partial derivatives) is newly established here. Its proof generalises to show that the `almost-anticyclotomic' case of our conjecture is a consequence of conjectures of Bertolini-Darmon on families of Heegner points, and of (partly conjectural) p-adic Gross--Zagier and Waldspurger formulas in families.
description: 28 pages, comments welcome
Dark matter searches using accelerometer-based networks
Creators: name: Figueroa, Nataniel L.
name: Budker, Dmitry
name: Rasel, Ernst M.
Publisher: name: Philadelphia, PA : IOP Publishing
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: atom interferometers
subject: dark matter
subject: gravimeters
subject: seismometers
subject: sensor networks
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Dark matter (DM) is one of the biggest open questions in physics today. It is known that it interacts gravitationally with luminous matter, so accelerometer-based searches are inherently interesting. In this article we present recent (and future) searches for DM candidates such as feebly interacting matter trapped inside the Earth, scalar-matter domain walls and axion quark nuggets, with accelerometer networks and give an outlook of how new atomic-interferometry-based accelerometer networks could support DM searches.
Fast equilibrium switch of a micro mechanical oscillator
Creators: name: Cunuder, Anne Le
name: Martinez, Ignacio
name: Petrosyan, Artyom
name: Guéry-Odelin, David
name: Trizac, Emmanuel
name: Ciliberto, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an accurate method to control the motion of a micromechanical oscillator in contact with a thermal bath. The experiment is carried out on the cantilever tip of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Applying an appropriate time dependent external force, we decrease the time necessary to reach equilibrium by two orders of magnitude compared to the intrinsic equilibration time. Finally, we analyze the energetic cost of such a fast equilibration, by measuring with kBT accuracy the energy exchanges along the process.
Investigating the Violation of Charge Parity Symmetry Through Top Quark Chromo-Electric Dipole Moments by Using Machine Learning Techniques
Creators: name: Işıldak, B.
name: Hayreter, A.
name: Hüdaverdi, M.
name: Ilgın, F.
name: Salva, S.
name: Şimşek, E.
name: Güyer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are a number of studies in the literature on search for Charge-Parity (CP) violating signals in top quark productions at the LHC. In most of these studies, ChromoMagnetic Dipole Moments (CMDM) and ChromoElectric Dipole Moments (CEDM) of top quarks is bounded either by deviations from the Standard Model (SM) cross sections or by T-odd asymmetries in di-muon channels. However, the required precision on these cross section values are far beyond from that of ATLAS or CMS experiments can reach. In this letter, the investigation of CEDM based asymmetries in the semileptonic top pair decays are presented as T-odd asymmetries in CMS experiment. Expected asymmetry values are determined at the detector level using MadGraph5, Pythia8 and Delphes softwares along with the discrimination of the signal and the background with Deep Neural Networks (DNN).
description: 10 pages
Very Massive Stars and Pair-Instability Supernovae: Mass-loss Framework for low Metallicity
Creators: name: Sabhahit, Gautham N.
name: Vink, Jorick S.
name: Sander, Andreas A. C.
name: Higgins, Erin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very massive stars (VMS) up to 200-300 $M_\odot$ have been found in the Local Universe. If they would lose little mass they produce intermediate-mass black holes or pair-instability supernovae (PISNe). Until now, VMS modellers have extrapolated mass-loss vs. metallicity ($Z$) exponents from optically-thin winds, resulting in a range of PISN thresholds that might be unrealistically high in $Z$, as VMS develop optically-thick winds. We utilize the transition mass-loss rate of Vink and Gräfener (2012) that accurately predicts mass-loss rates of Of/WNh ("slash") stars that characterize the morphological transition from absorption-dominated O-type spectra to emission-dominated WNh spectra. We develop a wind efficiency framework, where optically thin winds transition to enhanced winds, enabling us to study VMS evolution at high redshift where individual stars cannot be resolved. We present a MESA grid covering $Z_\odot/2$ to $Z_\odot/100$. VMS above the transition evolve towards lower luminosity, skipping the cool supergiant phase but directly forming pure He stars at the end of hydrogen burning. Below the transition, VMS evolve as cooler luminous blue variables (LBVs) or yellow hypergiants (YHGs), naturally approaching the Eddington limit. Strong winds in this YHG/LBV regime -- combined with a degeneracy in luminosity -- result in a mass-loss runaway where a decrease in mass increases wind mass loss. Our models indicate an order-of-magnitude lower threshold than usually assumed, at $Z_\odot/20$ due to our mass-loss runaway. While future work on LBV mass loss could affect the PISN threshold, our framework will be critical for establishing definitive answers on the PISN threshold and galactic chemical evolution modelling.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 18 pages, 8 figures, 2 appendix
The Large Magellanic Cloud dynamics with high resolution glasses
Creators: name: Jiménez-Arranz, Óscar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) turns out to be a unique and impressive test laboratory thanks to the latest Gaia Data Release 3. Being the closest galaxy in the Local Group, Gaia proper motions and line-of-sight velocities allow it to make 3D velocity maps for the first time (Jiménez-Arranz+23) and endeavour dynamical studies in detail, such as the determination of the LMC bar pattern speed using different methods (Jiménez-Arranz+23, to be submitted). The results highlight the evidence of the need of high resolution simulations to provide a dynamical interpretation of the information shown by the data. In this talk, we introduce KRATOS, a suite of 30 N-body simulations of the Magellanic System, and a review of the planned scientific exploitation of these data.
Quasinormal modes of nonlinear electromagnetic black holes from unstable null geodesics
Creators: name: Breton, N.
name: Lopez, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expressions for the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of black holes with nonlinear electrodynamics, calculated in the eikonal approximation, are presented. In the eikonal limit QNMs of black holes are determined by the parameters of the circular null geodesics. The unstable circular null orbits are derived from the effective metric that is the one obeyed by light rays under the influence of a nonlinear electromagnetic field. As an illustration we calculate the QNMs of four nonlinear electromagnetic black holes, two singular and two regular, namely from Euler-Heisenberg and Born-Infeld theories, for singular, and the magnetic Bardeen black hole and the one derived by Bronnikov for regular ones. Comparison is shown with the QNMs of the linear electromagnetic counterpart, their Reissner-Nordström black hole.
BEAST detection of a brown dwarf and a low-mass stellar companion around the young bright B star HIP 81208
Creators: name: Viswanath, Gayathri
name: Janson, Markus
name: Gratton, Raffaele
name: Squicciarini, Vito
name: Rodet, Laetitia
name: Ringqvist, Simon C.
name: Mamajek, Eric E.
name: Reffert, Sabine
name: Chauvin, Gaël
name: Delorme, Philippe
name: Vigan, Arthur
name: Bonnefoy, Mickaël
name: Engler, Natalia
name: Desidera, Silvano
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Hagelberg, Janis
name: Langlois, Maud
name: Meyer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations from B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study (BEAST) have illustrated the existence of sub-stellar companions around very massive stars. In this paper, we present the detection of two lower mass companions to a relatively nearby ($148.7^{+1.5}_{-1.3}$ pc), young ($17^{+3}_{-4}$ Myr), bright (V=$6.632\pm0.006$ mag), $2.58\pm0.06~ M_{\odot}$ B9V star HIP 81208 residing in the Sco-Cen association, using the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. Analysis of the photometry obtained gives mass estimates of $67^{+6}_{-7}~M_J$ for the inner companion and $0.135^{+0.010}_{-0.013}~M_{\odot}$ for the outer companion, indicating the former to be most likely a brown dwarf and the latter to be a low-mass star. The system is compact but unusual, as the orbital planes of the two companions are likely close to orthogonal. The preliminary orbital solutions we derived for the system indicate that the star and the two companions are likely in a Kozai resonance, rendering the system dynamically very interesting for future studies.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables Accepted for publication in the 10. Planets and planetary systems section of A&A
Nonlinear Zel'dovich effect: Parametric amplification from medium rotation
Creators: name: Faccio, Daniele
name: Wright, Ewan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of light with rotating media has attracted recent interest for both fundamental and applied studies including rotational Doppler shift measurements. It is also possible to obtain amplification through the scattering of light with orbital angular momentum from a rotating and absorbing cylinder, as proposed by Zel'dovich more than 40 years ago. This amplification mechanism has never been observed experimentally yet has connections to other fields such as Penrose superradiance in rotating black holes. Here we propose a nonlinear optics system whereby incident light carrying orbital angular momentum drives parametric interaction in a rotating medium. The crystal rotation is shown to take the phase-mismatched parametric interaction with negligible energy exchange at zero rotation to amplification for sufficiently large rotation rates. The amplification is shown to result from breaking of anti-PT symmetry induced by the medium rotation.
Hidden Phases Revealed at the Surface of Double-Layered Sr3(Ru1-xMnx)2O7
Creators: name: Chen, Chen
name: Kim, Jisun
name: Nascimento, V. B.
name: Diao, Zhenyu
name: Teng, Jing
name: Hu, Biao
name: Li, Guorong
name: Liu, Fangyang
name: Zhang, Jiandi
name: Jin, Rongying
name: Plummer, E. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double-layered Sr3Ru2O7 has received phenomenal consideration because it exhibits a plethora of exotic phases when perturbed. New phases emerge with the application of pressure, magnetic field, or doping. Here we show that creating a surface is an alternative and effective way to reveal hidden phases that are different from those seen in the bulk by investigating the surface properties of Sr3(Ru1-xMnx)2O7. Driven by the tilt distortion of RuO6 octahedra, the surface of Sr3Ru2O7 is less metallic than the bulk. In contrast, because of the vanishing of tilt and enhanced rotation with Mn-doping, the surface of Sr3(Ru0.84Mn0.16)2O7 is metallic while the bulk is insulating. Our result demonstrates that the electronic and structural properties at the surface are intimately coupled and consistent with quasi two-dimensional character.
Wronskian structures of planar symplectic ensembles
Creators: name: Byun, Sung-Soo
name: Ebke, Markus
name: Seo, Seong-Mi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the eigenvalues of non-Hermitian random matrices in the symmetry class of the symplectic Ginibre ensemble, which are known to form a Pfaffian point process in the plane. It was recently discovered that the limiting correlation kernel of the symplectic Ginibre ensemble in the vicinity of the real line can be expressed in a unified form of a Wronskian. We derive scaling limits for variations of the symplectic Ginibre ensemble and obtain such Wronskian structures for the associated universality classes. These include almost-Hermitian bulk/edge scaling limits of the elliptic symplectic Ginibre ensemble and edge scaling limits of the symplectic Ginibre ensemble with boundary confinement. Our proofs follow from the generalised Christoffel-Darboux formula for the former and from the Laplace method for the latter. Based on such a unified integrable structure of Wronskian form, we also provide an intimate relation between the function in the argument of the Wronskian in the symplectic symmetry class and the kernel in the complex symmetry class which form determinantal point processes in the plane.
description: v1: 29 pages, 4 figures; v2: 30 pages, 5 figures
Repeat-driven genome expansion and two-speed genome architecture of amphibian-infecting chytrids
Creators: name: Wacker, Theresa
name: Helmstetter, Nicolas
name: Duncan, Wilson
name: Fisher, Matthew C.
name: Studholme, David J.
name: Farrer, Rhys A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Chytridiomycosis
infectious disease
two-speed genome evolution
pathogenicity
fungal pathogens

description: Over the past half century, the chytridiomycosis panzootic has led to the decline of over 500 amphibian species with 90 attributed extinctions. Chytridiomycosis of amphibians is caused by two fungal species Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). The genetic mechanisms underlying host-specificity and pathology in the Batrachochytrium genus remain elusive and their evolution and origins of virulence are largely unknown. Using deep nanopore sequencing, we found that Bsal is extremely repeat-rich with high numbers of long terminal repeats, long interspersed nuclear elements and transposable elements. This repeat-driven genome expansion in Bsal has resulted in a tripling of its length compared with Bd. Key pathogenicity genes including M36 metalloproteases have expanded compared with Bd, and are enriched for flanking transposable elements, suggesting its genome expansion is connected to selective evolutionary processes. Both batrachochytrids have evidence of a two speed genome architecture, including an enrichment of functional categories in compartments of repeat richness or sparsity. Furthermore, among Bd lineages, M36 metalloproteases with signatures of positive selection and, both in Bsal and Bd, genes upregulated during infection in vivo are enriched in repeat-rich and gene-sparse compartment of the genome. This is the first evidence for a two-speed genome in an animal pathogen, shedding new light on the role of repetitive sequences on the evolution of fungal pathogens driving global declines and extinctions of amphibians.
description: {"references": ["Scheele, B. C.et al., Science 363, 1459-1463 (2019)", "Carey, C.et al., EcoHealth 3, 5-21 (2006)", "Stegen, G.et al., Nature 544, 353-356 (2017)", "Martel, A.et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 15325-15329 (2013)", "Farrer, R. A. , Trends Microbiol. 27, 892-893 (2019)", "Sabino-Pinto, J. et al. , AMRE 36, 411-416 (2015)", "Wang, Y. et al. , New Phytol. 220, 922-935 (2018)", "Zhang, S.-J. et al., Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 18, 321-332 (2020)", "Wos, G. et al., Mob. DNA 12, 7 (2021)", "Klein, S. J. & O'Neill, R. J. , Chromosome Res. 26, 5-23 (2018)", "Oliver, K. R. & Greene, W. K. , BioEssays 31, 703-714 (2009)"]}
Measurement of stellar and substellar winds using white dwarf hosts
Creators: name: Walters, N.
name: Farihi, J.
name: Dufour, P.
name: Pineda, J. S.
name: Izzard, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: White dwarfs stars are known to be polluted by their active planetary systems, but little attention has been paid to the accretion of wind from low-mass companions. The capture of stellar or substellar wind by white dwarfs is one of few methods available to astronomers which can assess mass-loss rates from unevolved stars and brown dwarfs, and the only known method to extract their chemical compositions. In this work, four white dwarfs with closely-orbiting, L-type brown dwarf companions are studied to place limits on the accretion of a substellar wind, with one case of a detection, and at an extremely non-solar abundance $m_{\rm Na}/m_{\rm Ca}>900$. The mass-loss rates and upper limits are tied to accretion in the white dwarfs, based on limiting cases for how the wind is captured, and compared with known cases of wind pollution from close M dwarf companions, which manifest in solar proportions between all elements detected. For wind captured in a Bondi-Hoyle flow, mass-loss limits $\dot M\lesssim 5\times10^{-17}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ are established for three L dwarfs, while for M dwarfs polluting their hosts, winds in the range $10^{-13} - 10^{-16}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ are found. The latter compares well with the $\dot M\sim 10^{-13} - 10^{-15}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ estimates obtained for nearby, isolated M dwarfs using Ly$α$ to probe their astropsheres. These results demonstrate that white dwarfs are highly-sensitive stellar and substellar wind detectors, where further work on the actual captured wind flow is needed.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, accepted to MNRAS
Monitoring of the process of system information broadcasting in time
Creators: name: Mironowicz, Piotr
name: Korbicz, Jarosław
name: Horodecki, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the fundamental problems of modern physics is how the classical world, the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and the whole irreversibility emerges from the quantum reality with reversible evolution. This relates to the problem of measurement transforming quantum, non-copyable data, towards intersubjective, copyable classical knowledge. We use the quantum state discrimination to show in a central system model how it's evolution leads to the broadcasting of the classical information. We analyze the process of orthogonalization and decoherence, their time scales and dependence on the environment.
description: 5 pages + 4 pages of appendix
Nonsmooth mean field games with state constraints
Creators: name: Arjmand, Saeed Sadeghi
name: Mazanti, Guilherme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49N80, 35Q89, 49K15, 49N60, 35A01

description: In this paper, we consider a mean field game model inspired by crowd motion where agents aim to reach a closed set, called target set, in minimal time. Congestion phenomena are modeled through a constraint on the velocity of an agent that depends on the average density of agents around their position. The model is considered in the presence of state constraints: roughly speaking, these constraints may model walls, columns, fences, hedges, or other kinds of obstacles at the boundary of the domain which agents cannot cross. After providing a more detailed description of the model, the paper recalls some previous results on the existence of equilibria for such games and presents the main difficulties that arise due to the presence of state constraints. Our main contribution is to show that equilibria of the game satisfy a system of coupled partial differential equations, known mean field game system, thanks to recent techniques to characterize optimal controls in the presence of state constraints. These techniques not only allow to deal with state constraints but also require very few regularity assumptions on the dynamics of the agents.
Lindblad Decoherence in Atomic Clocks
Creators: name: Weinberg, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown how possible corrections to ordinary quantum mechanics described by the Lindblad equation might be detected by exploiting the great precision of atomic clocks.
description: 8 pages
Long-Lived Light Mediators from Higgs boson Decay at HL-LHC, FCC-hh and a Proposal of Dedicated LLP Detectors for FCC-hh
Creators: name: Bhattacherjee, Biplob
name: Matsumoto, Shigeki
name: Sengupta, Rhitaja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the pair production of the long-lived mediator particles from the decay of the SM Higgs boson and their subsequent decay into standard model particles. We compute the projected sensitivity, both model-independently and with a minimal model, of using the muon spectrometer of the CMS detector at the HL-LHC experiment for ggF, VBF, and Vh production modes of the Higgs boson and various decay modes of the mediator particle, along with dedicated detectors for LLP searches like CODEX-b and MATHUSLA. Subsequently, we study the improvement with the FCC-hh detector at the 100\,TeV collider experiment for such long-lived mediators, again focusing on the muon spectrometer. We propose dedicated LLP detector designs for the 100\,TeV collider experiment, DELIGHT (\textbf{De}tector for \textbf{l}ong-l\textbf{i}ved particles at hi\textbf{gh} energy of 100\,\textbf{T}eV), and study their sensitivities.
description: 75 pages, 47 figures, 6 tables, v2: version published in PRD
Variabilities of Gamma-ray Bursts from Black Hole Hyper-accretion Disks
Creators: name: Lin, Da-Bin
name: Lu, Zu-Jia
name: Mu, Hui-Jun
name: Liu, Tong
name: Hou, Shu-Jin
name: Lv, Jing
name: Gu, Wei-Min
name: Liang, En-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emission from black hole binaries (BHBs) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) displays significant aperiodic variabilities. The most promising explanation for these variabilities is the propagating fluctuations in the accretion flow. It is natural to expect that the mechanism driving variabilities in BHBs and AGNs may operate in a black hole hyper-accretion disk, which is believed to power gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We study the variabilities of jet power in GRBs based on the model of propagating fluctuations. It is found that the variabilities of jet power and the temporal profile of erratic spikes in this scenario are similar to those in observed light curves of prompt gamma-ray emission of GRBs. Our results show that the mechanism driving X-ray variabilities in BHBs and AGNs may operate in the central engine to drive the variabilities of GRBs.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Spectra of Local Minima in Spin-Glass Models
Creators: name: Kryzhanovsky, Boris
name: Malsagov, Magomed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectra of spin models have been investigated in computation experiments. For the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick and Edwards-Anderson models we have determined the basic spectral characteristics: the average depth of a local minimum, the spectrum width, the depth of the global minimum. The experimental data are used to build the relations between these quantities and the model dimensionality N and find their asymptotic values for N goes to infinity.
description: 20 pages, 23 figures, 5 tables
Coronal Line Forest AGN -- II. Analysis of the spectral energy distribution
Creators: name: Cerqueira-Campos, F. C.
name: Rodríguez-Ardila, A.
name: Panda, S.
name: Riffel, R.
name: Dahmer-Hahn, L. G.
name: Marinello, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal-Line Forest Active Galactic Nuclei (CLiF AGN) are characterized by strong, high-ionization lines, which are in contrast to what is found in typical AGNs. Here, we carry out an infrared analysis aimed at understanding the spectral energy distribution of six sources from this group. In this work, the properties of the dusty torus for these objects are analyzed. To this purpose, we infer the physical and geometrical properties of the dust structure that surrounds the central region by fitting with models the spectral energy distribution (SED) of CLiF AGNs in the infrared. For this analysis, we compare the results of three models: CLUMPY, SKIRTOR and CAT3D-WIND. Using the Bayesian information criterion, SKIRTOR was found to have the most robust fit to the SEDs in five out of six galaxies. The remaining object was best fitted with CLUMPY. The results indicate that these objects are preferentially Type~I sources, supporting the detection of broad components in the permitted lines, likely associated with the BLR in the near-infrared (NIR) spectra. The best SED fitting indicates that the line of sight gives access to the view of the central source for these objects, but the amount of dusty clouds in the same direction is high, suggesting the hypothesis that they obscure the emission of the continuum produced by the central source and that the obscuration makes the coronal lines to not overlap with the continuum.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS
An energy-efficient scheduling algorithm for shared facility supercomputer centers
Creators: name: Kiselev, E. A.
name: Telegin, P. N.
name: Shabanov, B. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.4
subject: 68W40, 68W99

description: The evolution of high-performance computing is associated with the growth of energy consumption. Performance of cluster computes (is increased via rising in performance and the number of used processors, GPUs, and coprocessors. An increment in the number of computing elements results in significant growth of energy consumption. Power grids limits for supercomputer centers (SCC) are driving the transition to more energy-efficient solutions. Often upgrade of computing resources is done step-by-step, i.e. parts of older supercomputers are removed from service and replaced with newer ones. A single SCC at any time can operate several computing systems with different performance and power consumption. That is why the problem of scheduling parallel programs execution on SCC resources to optimize energy consumption and minimize the increase in execution time (energy-efficient scheduling) is important. The goal of the presented work was the development of a new energy-efficient algorithm for scheduling computing resources at SCC. To reach the goal the authors analyzed methods of scheduling computing resources in a shared facility, including energy consumption minimizing methods. The study made it possible to formulate the problem of energy-efficient scheduling for a set of CCs and propose an algorithm for its solution. Experiments on NPB benchmarks allowed achieving significant reduction in energy consumption with a minor increase of runtime.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Machine Learning for compositional disorder: A Comparison Between Different Descriptors and Machine Learning Frameworks
Creators: name: Yaghoobi, Mostafa
name: Alaei, Mojtaba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compositional disorder is common in crystal compounds. In these compounds, some atoms are randomly distributed at some crystallographic sites. For such compounds, randomness forms many non-identical independent structures. Thus, calculating the energy of all structures using ordinary quantum ab initio methods can be significantly time-consuming. Machine learning can be a reliable alternative to ab initio methods. We calculate the energy of these compounds with an accuracy close to that of density functional theory calculations in a considerably shorter time using machine learning. In this study, we use kernel ridge regression and neural network to predict energy. In the KRR, we employ sine matrix, Ewald sum matrix, SOAP, ACSF, and MBTR. To implement the neural network, we use two important classes of application of the neural network in material science, including high-dimensional neural network and convolutional neural network based on crystal graph representation. We show that kernel ridge regression using MBTR and neural network using ACSF can provide better accuracy than other methods.
description: 15pages,3figures,1table
The stellar mass distribution of S$^{4}$G disk galaxies
Creators: name: Díaz-García, Simón
name: Salo, Heikki
name: Laurikainen, Eija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 3.6 $μ$m imaging from the S$^{4}$G survey to characterize the typical stellar density profiles ($Σ_{\ast}$) and bars as a function of fundamental galaxy parameters (e.g. the total stellar mass $M_{\ast}$), providing observational constraints for galaxy simulation models to be compared with. We rescale galaxy images to a common frame determined by the size in physical units, by their disk scalelength, or by their bar size and orientation. We stack the resized images to obtain statistically representative average stellar disks and bars. For a given $M_{\ast}$ bin ($\ge 10^{9}M_{\odot}$), we find a significant difference in the stellar density profiles of barred and non-barred systems that gives evidence for bar-induced secular evolution of disk galaxies: (i) disks in barred galaxies show larger scalelengths and fainter extrapolated central surface brightnesses, (ii) the mean surface brightness profiles of barred and non-barred galaxies intersect each other slightly beyond the mean bar length, most likely at the bar corotation, and (iii) the central mass concentration of barred galaxies is larger (by almost a factor 2 when $T<5$) than in their non-barred counterparts. We also show that early- and intermediate-type spirals ($0 \le T < 5$) host intrinsically narrower bars than the later types and S0s, whose bars are oval-shaped. We show a clear correlation between galaxy family and bar ellipticity.
description: Proceedings of IAU Symposium 321, "Formation and evolution of galaxy outskirts", Eds. A. Gil de Paz, J. C. Lee & J. H. Knapen, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Map Point Selection for Visual SLAM
Creators: name: Müller, Christiaan J.
name: van Daalen, Corné E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) play a vital role in autonomous robotics. Robotic platforms are often resource-constrained, and this limitation motivates resource-efficient SLAM implementations. While sparse visual SLAM algorithms offer good accuracy for modest hardware requirements, even these more scalable sparse approaches face limitations when applied to large-scale and long-term scenarios. A contributing factor is that the point clouds resulting from SLAM are inefficient to use and contain significant redundancy. This paper proposes the use of subset selection algorithms to reduce the map produced by sparse visual SLAM algorithms. Information-theoretic techniques have been applied to simpler related problems before, but they do not scale if applied to the full visual SLAM problem. This paper proposes a number of novel information\hyp{}theoretic utility functions for map point selection and optimises these functions using greedy algorithms. The reduced maps are evaluated using practical data alongside an existing visual SLAM implementation (ORB-SLAM 2). Approximate selection techniques proposed in this paper achieve trajectory accuracy comparable to an offline baseline while being suitable for online use. These techniques enable the practical reduction of maps for visual SLAM with competitive trajectory accuracy. Results also demonstrate that SLAM front-end performance can significantly impact the performance of map point selection. This shows the importance of testing map point selection with a front-end implementation. To exploit this, this paper proposes an approach that includes a model of the front-end in the utility function when additional information is available. This approach outperforms alternatives on applicable datasets and highlights future research directions.
Reconstructing firm-level interactions: the Dutch input-output network
Creators: name: Ialongo, Leonardo Niccolò
name: de Valk, Camille
name: Marchese, Emiliano
name: Jansen, Fabian
name: Zmarrou, Hicham
name: Squartini, Tiziano
name: Garlaschelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Recent crises have shown that the knowledge of the structure of input-output networks at the firm level is crucial when studying economic resilience from the microscopic point of view of firms that rewire their connections under supply and demand shocks. Unfortunately, empirical inter-firm network data are rarely accessible and protected by confidentiality. The available methods of network reconstruction from partial information, which have been devised for financial exposures, are inadequate for inter-firm relationships because they treat all pairs of nodes as potentially interacting, thereby overestimating the rewiring capabilities of the system. Here we use two big data sets of transactions in the Netherlands to represent a large portion of the Dutch inter-firm network and document the properties of one of the few analysed networks of this kind. We, then, introduce a generalized maximum-entropy reconstruction method that preserves the production function of each firm in the data, i.e. the input and output flows of each node for each product type. We confirm that the new method becomes increasingly more reliable as a finer product resolution is considered and can therefore be used as a generative model of inter-firm networks with fine production constraints. The likelihood of the model, being related to the entropy, proxies the rewiring capability of the system for a fixed input-output configuration.
description: main text: 26 pages, 9 figures; supplementary material 21 pages, 9 figures
Multi-Compartmental Biomaterial Scaffolds for Patterning Neural Tissue Organoids in Models of Neurodevelopment and Tissue Regeneration
Creators: name: McMurtrey, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Biomaterials are becoming an essential tool in the study and application of stem cell research. Various types of biomaterials enable three-dimensional (3D) culture of stem cells, and, more recently, also enable high-resolution patterning and organization of multicellular architectures. Biomaterials also hold potential to provide many additional advantages over cell transplants alone in regenerative medicine. This paper describes novel designs for functionalized biomaterial constructs that guide tissue development to targeted regional identities and structures. Such designs comprise compartmentalized regions in the biomaterial structure that are functionalized with molecular factors that form concentration gradients through the construct and guide stem cell development, axis patterning, and tissue architecture, including rostral/caudal, ventral/dorsal, or medial/lateral identities of the central nervous system. The ability to recapitulate innate developmental processes in a 3D environment and under specific controlled conditions has vital application to advanced models of neurodevelopment and for repair of specific sites of damaged or diseased neural tissue.
Resolvents for fractional-order operators with nonhomogeneous local boundary conditions
Creators: name: Grubb, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35S15, 47G30, 35J25, 35K05, 60G51

description: For $2a$-order strongly elliptic operators $P$ generalizing $(-Δ)^a$, $02a$. Presently, we study the $L_q$-Dirichlet realizations of $P$ and $P^*$, showing invertibility or Fredholmness, finding smoothness results for the kernels and cokernels, and establishing similar results for $P-λI$, $λ\in C$. The solution spaces equal $a$-transmission spaces $H_q^{a(s+2a)}(\barΩ)$. Similar results are shown for nonhomogeneous Dirichlet problems, prescribing the local Dirichlet trace $(u/d^{a-1})|_{\partialΩ}$, $d(x)=dist(x,\partialΩ)$. They are solvable in the larger spaces $H_q^{(a-1)(s+2a)}(\barΩ)$. Moreover, the nonhomogeneous problem with a spectral parameter $λ\in C$, $$ Pu-λu = f \text { in }Ω,\quad u=0 \text { in }R^n\setminus Ω,\quad (u/d^{a-1 })|_{\partialΩ}=φ\text{ on }\partialΩ, $$ is for $q<(1-a)^{-1}$ shown to be uniquely resp. Fredholm solvable when $λ$ is in the resolvent set resp. the spectrum of the $L_2$-Dirichlet realization. Finally, we show solvability results for evolution problems $Pu+d_tu= f(x,t)$ in $L_2$ and $L_q$-based spaces over $C^{1+τ}$-domains, including nonhomogeneous local boundary conditions.
description: 47 pages. Minor adjustments. Accepted for publication in Journal of Functional Analysis
Superelliptic Josephson Tunnel Junctions
Creators: name: Monaco, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most important practical characteristic of a Josephson junction is its critical current. The shape of the junction determines the specific form of the magnetic-field dependence of the its Josephson current. Here we address the magnetic diffraction patterns of specially shaped planar Josephson tunnel junctions. We focus on a wide ensemble of generalized ellipses, called superellipses, which retain the second order symmetry. We analyze the implications of this type of isometry and derive the explicit expressions for the threshold curves of superelliptic Josephson junctions. A detailed study is made of their magnetic patterns with emphasis on the rate of decay of the sidelobes amplitudes for large field amplitudes.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
On the origin of the HLX-1 outbursts
Creators: name: Sun, Mouyuan
name: Gu, Wei-Min
name: Yan, Zhen
name: Wu, Qingwen
name: Liu, Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HLX-1, currently the best intermediate-mass black hole candidate, has undergone seven violent outbursts, each with a peak X-ray luminosity of $L_{\mathrm{peak},\mathrm{X}}\sim 10^{42}\ \rm{erg\ s^{-1}}$. Interestingly, the properties of the HLX-1 outbursts evolve with time. In this work, we aim to constrain the physical parameters of the central engine of the HLX-1 outbursts in the framework of the black hole accretion. We find that the physical properties of the HLX-1 outbursts are consistent with being driven by the radiation pressure instability. This scenario can explain the evolution of the recurrent timescales of the HLX-1 outbursts as a function of the durations.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
On the Degree of Dynamical Packing in the Kepler Multi-planet Systems
Creators: name: Obertas, Alysa
name: Tamayo, Daniel
name: Murray, Norm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current planet formation theories rely on initially compact orbital configurations undergoing a (possibly extended) phase of giant impacts following the dispersal of the dissipative protoplanetary disk. The orbital architectures of observed mature exoplanet systems have likely been strongly sculpted by chaotic dynamics, instabilities, and giant impacts. One possible signature of systems continually reshaped by instabilities and mergers is their dynamical packing. Early Kepler data showed that many multi-planet systems are maximally packed - placing an additional planet between an observed pair would make the system unstable. However, this result relied on placing the inserted planet in the most optimistic configuration for stability (e.g., circular orbits). While this would be appropriate in an ordered and dissipative picture of planet formation (i.e. planets dampen into their most stable configurations), we argue that this best-case scenario for stability is rarely realized due to the strongly chaotic nature of planet formation. Consequently, the degree of dynamical packing in multi-planet systems under a realistic formation model is likely significantly higher than previously realized. We examine the full Kepler multi planet sample through this new lens, showing that ~60-95% of Kepler multi-planet systems are strongly packed and that dynamical packing increases with multiplicity. This may be a signature of dynamical sculpting or of undetected planets, showing that dynamical packing is an important metric that can be incorporated into planet formation modelling or when searching for unseen planets.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Joint functional calculus in algebra of polynomial tempered distributions
Creators: name: Sharyn, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we develop a functional calculus for a countable system of generators of contraction strongly continuous semigroups. As a symbol class of such calculus we use the algebra of polynomial tempered distributions. We prove a differential property of constructed calculus and describe its image with the help of the commutant of polynomial shift semigroup. As an application, we consider a function of countable set of second derivative operators.
description: Published in Methods of Functional Analysis and Topology (MFAT), available at http://mfat.imath.kiev.ua/article/?id=845