cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessing Student Expertise in Introductory Physics with Isomorphic Problems, Part I: Performance on Non-intuitive Problem Pair from Introductory Physics
Creators: name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigations related to expertise in problem solving and ability to transfer learning from one context to another are important for developing strategies to help students perform more expert-like tasks. Here we analyze written responses to a pair of non-intuitive isomorphic problems given to introductory physics students and discussions with a subset of students about them. Students were asked to explain their reasoning for their written responses. We call the paired problems isomorphic because they require the same physics principle to solve them. However, the initial conditions are different and the frictional force is responsible for increasing the linear speed of an object in one of the problems while it is responsible for decreasing the linear speed in the other problem. We categorize student responses and evaluate student performance within the context of their evolving expertise. We compare and contrast the patterns of student categorization for the two isomorphic problems. We discuss why certain incorrect responses were better than others and shed light on the evolution of students' expertise. We compare the performance of students who worked on both isomorphic problems with those who worked only on one of the problems to understand whether students recognized their underlying similarity and whether isomorphic pairs gave students additional insight in solving each problem.
description: 9 pages, PACS: 01.40Fk,01.40.gb,01.40G-,1.30.Rr, Keywords: Physics Education Research, problem solving, epxertise, isomorphic problems, analogy, transfer
Pressure-induced transitions in FePS$_3$: Structural, magnetic and electronic properties
Creators: name: Deng, Shiyu
name: Chen, Siyu
name: Monserrat, Bartomeu
name: Artacho, Emilio
name: Saxena, Siddharth S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FePS$_3$ is a prototype van der Waals layered antiferromagnet and a Mott insulator under ambient conditions, which has been recently reported to go through a pressure-induced dimensionality crossover and an insulator-to-metal transition. These transitions also lead to the appearance of a novel magnetic metallic state. To further understand these emergent structural and physical properties, we have performed a first-principles study using van der Waals and Hubbard $U$ corrected density functional theory including a random structure search. Our computational study attempts to interpret the experimental coexistence of the low- and intermediate-pressure phases and we predict a novel high-pressure phase with distinctive dimensionality and different possible origins of metallicity.
description: Re-Submission to SciPost
A simple algorithm for the design of accelerating Bessel beams with adjustable features along their propagation
Creators: name: Zhalenchuck, Keren
name: Bahabad, Alon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extremely simple method for designing self-accelerating non-diffracting beams having arbitrary trajectories while their intensity, width and orbital angular momentum are modulated in a prescribed way along their propagation. Different beams constructed with this method are demonstrated experimentally in the paraxial regime and numerically in the non-paraxial regime.
Feasibility Study of Hybrid Inverse Planning with Transmission Beams and Single-energy Spread-out Bragg Peaks for Proton Flash Radiotherapy
Creators: name: Ma, Chaoqiong
name: Yang, Xiaofeng
name: Chang, Chih-Wei
name: Liu, Ruirui
name: Bohannon, Duncan
name: Lin, Liyong
name: Liu, Tian
name: Tian, Sibo
name: Zhou, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) proton planning with only transmission beams (TBs) has limitations in normal tissue sparing. The single-energy spread-out Bragg peaks (SESOBPs) of FLASH dose rate have been demonstrated feasible for proton FLASH planning. A hybrid inverse optimization method was developed to combine the TBs and SESOBPs (TB-SESOBP) for FLASH planning. The SESOBPs were generated from spreading out the BPs by pre-designed general bar ridge filters and placed at the central target by range shifters to obtain a uniform dose within the target. The SESOBPs and TBs were fully sampled field-by-field allowing automatic spot selection and weighting in the optimization process. The TB-SESOBP plans were validated in comparison with the TB only (TB-only) plans and the plans with the combination of TBs and BPs (TB-BP) regarding 3D dose and dose rate distributions for five lung cases. Comparing to the TB-only plans, the mean spinal cord D1.2cc drastically reduced 41%, the mean lung V7Gy and V7.4Gy moderately reduced by up to 17% and the target dose homogeneity slightly increased in the TB-SESOBP plans. Comparable dose homogeneity was achieved in both TB-SESOBP and TB-BP plans. Besides, prominent improvements were achieved in lung sparing for the cases of relatively large targets by the TB-SESOBP plans comparing to the TB-BP plans. The targets were fully covered with the FLASH dose rate in all the three plans. For the OARs, V40Gy/s = 100% was achieved by the TB-only plans while V40Gy/s > 85% was obtained by the other two plans. We have demonstrated that the hybrid TB-SESOBP planning was feasible to achieve FLASH dose rate for proton therapy. The hybrid TB-SESOBP planning has great potential in improving OAR sparing while maintaining high target dose homogeneity, and can be potentially implemented for adaptive radiotherapy.
Thermal activation in permanent magnets
Creators: name: Bance, Simon
name: Fischbacher, Johann
name: Kovacs, Alexander
name: Oezelt, Harald
name: Reichel, Franz
name: Schrefl, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82D40

description: The coercive field of permanent magnets decays with temperature. At non-zero temperature the system can overcome a finite energy barrier through thermal fluctuations. Using finite element micromagnetic simulations, we quantify this effect, which reduces coercivity in addition to the decrease of the coercive field associated with the temperature dependence of the anisotropy field, and validate the method through comparison with existing experimental data.
Spin squeezing enhanced dual species atom interferometric accelerometer employing large momentum transfer for precision test of the equivalence principle
Creators: name: Li, Jinyang
name: da Silva, Gregório R. M.
name: Kain, Schuyler
name: Bonacum, Jason
name: Smith, David D.
name: Kovachy, Timothy
name: Shahriar, Selim M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the feasibility of applying spin squeezing to a light pulse atom interferometer in the presence of large momentum transfer using off-resonant Raman transitions, in order to enhance the sensitivity of accelerometry close to the Heisenberg limit. We also show how to implement this scheme in a dual-species atom interferometer for precision test of the equivalence principle by measuring the Eotvos parameter, and identify the spin squeezing protocol that is best suited for such an experiment. For a space borne platform in low earth orbit, such a scheme may eventually enable the measurement of the Eotvos parameter with a sensitivity of the order of 10^(-20).
Sparse Activity and Sparse Connectivity in Supervised Learning
Creators: name: Thom, Markus
name: Palm, Günther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sparseness is a useful regularizer for learning in a wide range of applications, in particular in neural networks. This paper proposes a model targeted at classification tasks, where sparse activity and sparse connectivity are used to enhance classification capabilities. The tool for achieving this is a sparseness-enforcing projection operator which finds the closest vector with a pre-defined sparseness for any given vector. In the theoretical part of this paper, a comprehensive theory for such a projection is developed. In conclusion, it is shown that the projection is differentiable almost everywhere and can thus be implemented as a smooth neuronal transfer function. The entire model can hence be tuned end-to-end using gradient-based methods. Experiments on the MNIST database of handwritten digits show that classification performance can be boosted by sparse activity or sparse connectivity. With a combination of both, performance can be significantly better compared to classical non-sparse approaches.
description: See http://jmlr.org/papers/v14/thom13a.html for the authoritative version
Fujiwhara interaction of tropical cyclone scale vortices using a weighted residual collocation method
Creators: name: Walsh, Raymond P
name: Alam, Jahrul M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fundamental interaction between tropical cyclones was investigated through a series of water tank experiements by Fujiwhara [20, 21, 22]. However, a complete understanding of tropical cyclones remains an open research challenge although there have been numerous investigations through measurments with aircrafts/satellites, as well as with numerical simulations. This article presents a computational model for simulating the interaction between cyclones. The proposed numerical method is presented briefly, where the time integration is performed by projecting the discrete system onto a Krylov subspace. The method filters the large scale fluid dynamics using a multiresolution approximation, and the unresolved dynamics is modeled with a Smagorinsky type subgrid scale parameterization scheme. Numerical experiments with Fujiwhara interactions are considered to verify modeling accuracy. An excellent agreement between the present simulation and a reference simulation at Re = 5000 has been demonstrated. At Re = 37440, the kinetic energy of cyclones is seen consolidated into larger scales with concurrent enstrophy cascade, suggesting a steady increase of energy containing scales, a phenomena that is typical in two-dimensional turbulence theory. The primary results of this article suggest a novel avenue for addressing some of the computational challenges of mesoscale atmospheric circulations.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, submitted
Super-diffusion and crossover from diffusive to anomalous transport in a one-dimensional system
Creators: name: Kundu, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study transport in a one-dimensional lattice system with two conserved quantities -- `volume' and energy. Considering a slowly evolving local equilibrium state that is slightly deviated from an underlying global equilibrium, we estimate the correction to the local equilibrium distribution. This correction arises mainly through the space-time correlations of some local currents. In the continuum limit, we show that the local equilibrium distribution along with the correction yields drift-diffusion equation for the `volume' and super-diffusion equation for the energy in the linear response regime as macroscopic hydrodynamics as one would obtain from non-linear fluctuating hydrodynamic theory. We find explicit expression of the super-diffusion equation. Further, we find diffusive correction to the super-diffusive evolution. Such a correction allows us to study a crossover from diffusive to anomalous transport. We demonstrate this crossover numerically through the spreading of an initially localized heat pulse in equilibrium as well as through the system size scaling of the stationary current in non-equilibrium steady state.
description: 24 pages
Minimum relative entropy distributions with a large mean are Gaussian
Creators: name: Smerlak, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We consider the following frustrated optimization problem: given a prior probability distribution $q$, find the distribution $p$ minimizing the relative entropy with respect to $q$ such that $\textrm{mean}(p)$ is fixed and large. We show that solutions to this problem are asymptotically Gaussian. As an application we derive an $H$-type theorem for evolutionary dynamics: the entropy of the (standardized) distribution of fitness of a population evolving under natural selection is eventually increasing.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Breaking the Speed Limit for Perfect Quantum State Transfer
Creators: name: Xie, Weichen
name: Kay, Alastair
name: Tamon, Christino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a protocol for perfectly transferring a quantum state from one party to another under the dynamics of a fixed, engineered Hamiltonian. Our protocol combines the concepts of fractional revival, dual rail encoding, and a rare glimpse of the anti-Zeno effect. Remarkably, the transfer happens faster than the speed limit for perfect quantum state transfer [1, 2].
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Non-reciprocal Radio Frequency Transduction in a Parametric Mechanical Artificial Lattice
Creators: name: Huang, Pu
name: Zhang, Liang
name: Zhou, Jingwei
name: Tian, Tian
name: Yin, Peiran
name: Duan, Changkui
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generating non-reciprocal radio frequency transduction plays important roles in a wide range of research and applications, and an aspiration is to integrate this functionality into micro-circuit without introducing magnetic field, which, however, remains challenging. By designing a 1D artificial lattice structure with neighbor-interaction engineered parametrically, we predicted a non-reciprocity transduction with giant unidirectionality. We then experimentally demonstrated the phenomenon on a nano-electromechanical chip fabricated by conventional complementary metal-silicon processing. A unidirectionality with isolation as high as 24dB is achieved and several different transduction schemes are realized by programming the control voltages topology. Apart from being used as a radio frequency isolator, the system provides a way to build practical on-chip programmable device for many researches and applications in radio frequency domain.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Comparison of two aspects of a PDE model for biological network formation
Creators: name: Astuto, Clarissa
name: Boffi, Daniele
name: Haskovec, Jan
name: Markowich, Peter
name: Russo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We compare the solutions of two systems of partial differential equations (PDE), seen as two different interpretations of the same model that describes formation of complex biological networks. Both approaches take into account the time evolution of the medium flowing through the network, and we compute the solution of an elliptic-parabolic PDE system for the conductivity vector $m$, the conductivity tensor $\mathbb{C}$ and the pressure $p$. We use finite differences schemes in a uniform Cartesian grid in the spatially two-dimensional setting to solve the two systems, where the parabolic equation is solved by a semi-implicit scheme in time. Since the conductivity vector and tensor appear also in the Poisson equation for the pressure $p$, the elliptic equation depends implicitly on time. For this reason we compute the solution of three linear systems in the case of the conductivity vector $m\in\mathbb{R}^2$, and four linear systems in the case of the symmetric conductivity tensor $\mathbb{C}\in\mathbb{R}^{2\times 2}$, at each time step. To accelerate the simulations, we make use of the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method. The role of the parameters is important for obtaining detailed solutions. We provide numerous tests with various values of the parameters involved, to see the differences in the solutions of the two systems.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables
Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Formal Engineering Approaches to Software Components and Architectures
Creators: name: Kofroň, Jana
name: Tumova, Jana
name: Buhnova, Bara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of the FESCA workshop is to bring together junior researchers from formal methods, software engineering, and industry interested in the development and application of formal modelling approaches as well as associated analysis and reasoning techniques with practical benefits for software engineering. In recent years, the growing importance of functional correctness and the increased relevance of system quality properties (e.g. performance, reliability, security) have stimulated the emergence of analytical and modelling techniques for the design and development of software systems. With the increasing complexity and utilization of today's software systems, FESCA aims at addressing two research questions: (1) what role is played by the software design phase in the systematic addressing of the analytical and modelling challenges, and (2) how can formal and semi-formal techniques be effectively applied to make the issues easier to address automatically, with lower human intervention. We encourage submissions on (semi-)formal techniques and their application that aid analysis, design and implementation of software applications, especially those employed in interconnected, communicating devices, devices interacting with the physical world, and cyber-physical systems.
Changer: Feature Interaction is What You Need for Change Detection
Creators: name: Fang, Sheng
name: Li, Kaiyu
name: Li, Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Change detection is an important tool for long-term earth observation missions. It takes bi-temporal images as input and predicts "where" the change has occurred. Different from other dense prediction tasks, a meaningful consideration for change detection is the interaction between bi-temporal features. With this motivation, in this paper we propose a novel general change detection architecture, MetaChanger, which includes a series of alternative interaction layers in the feature extractor. To verify the effectiveness of MetaChanger, we propose two derived models, ChangerAD and ChangerEx with simple interaction strategies: Aggregation-Distribution (AD) and "exchange". AD is abstracted from some complex interaction methods, and "exchange" is a completely parameter\&computation-free operation by exchanging bi-temporal features. In addition, for better alignment of bi-temporal features, we propose a flow dual-alignment fusion (FDAF) module which allows interactive alignment and feature fusion. Crucially, we observe Changer series models achieve competitive performance on different scale change detection datasets. Further, our proposed ChangerAD and ChangerEx could serve as a starting baseline for future MetaChanger design.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
The Marchenko method to solve the general system of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Creators: name: Aktosun, Tuncay
name: Ercan, Ramazan
name: Unlu, Mehmet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q55, 37K10, 37K15, 37K30, 34A55, 34L25, 34L40, 47A40

description: A system of linear integral equations is presented, which is the analog of the system of Marchenko integral equations, to solve the inverse scattering problem for the linear system associated with the derivative NLS equations. The corresponding direct and inverse scattering problems are analyzed, and the recovery of the potentials and the Jost solutions from the solution to the Marchenko system is described. When the reflection coefficients are zero, some explicit solution formulas are provided for the potentials and the Jost solutions in terms of a pair of constant matrix triplets representing the bound-state information for any number of bound states and any multiplicities. In the reduced case, when the two potentials in the linear system are related to each other through complex conjugation, the corresponding reduced Marchenko integral equation is obtained. The solution to the derivative NLS equation is obtained from the solution to the reduced Marchenko integral equation. The theory presented is illustrated with some explicit examples.
description: 50 pages, 6 figures
Sub-second photon dose prediction via transformer neural networks
Creators: name: Pastor-Serrano, Oscar
name: Dong, Peng
name: Huang, Charles
name: Xing, Lei
name: Perkó, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast dose calculation is critical for online and real time adaptive therapy workflows. While modern physics-based dose algorithms must compromise accuracy to achieve low computation times, deep learning models can potentially perform dose prediction tasks with both high fidelity and speed. We present a deep learning algorithm that, exploiting synergies between Transformer and convolutional layers, accurately predicts broad photon beam dose distributions in few milliseconds. The proposed improved Dose Transformer Algorithm (iDoTA) maps arbitrary patient geometries and beam information (in the form of a 3D projected shape resulting from a simple ray tracing calculation) to their corresponding 3D dose distribution. Treating the 3D CT input and dose output volumes as a sequence of 2D slices along the direction of the photon beam, iDoTA solves the dose prediction task as sequence modeling. The proposed model combines a Transformer backbone routing long-range information between all elements in the sequence, with a series of 3D convolutions extracting local features of the data. We train iDoTA on a dataset of 1700 beam dose distributions, using 11 clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans (from prostate, lung and head and neck cancer patients with 194-354 beams per plan) to assess its accuracy and speed. iDoTA predicts individual photon beams in ~50 milliseconds with a high gamma pass rate of 97.72% (2 mm, 2%). Furthermore, estimating full VMAT dose distributions in 6-12 seconds, iDoTA achieves state-of-the-art performance with a 99.51% (2 mm, 2%) pass rate. Offering the sub-second speed needed in online and real-time adaptive treatments, iDoTA represents a new state of the art in data-driven photon dose calculation. The proposed model can massively speed-up current photon workflows, reducing calculation times from few minutes to just a few seconds.
Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoribbons with High Optical Anisotropy
Creators: name: Wu, Jiang-Bin
name: Zhao, Huan
name: Li, Yuanrui
name: Ohlberg, Douglas
name: Shi, Wei
name: Wu, Wei
name: Wang, Han
name: Tan, Ping-Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) has shown promising prospects for the next generation electronics and optoelectronics devices. The monolayer MoS2 can be patterned into quasi-one-dimensional anisotropic MoS2 nanoribbons (MNRs), in which theoretical calculations have predicted novel properties. However, little work has been carried out in the experimental exploration of MNRs with a width of less than 20 nm where the geometrical confinement can lead to interesting phenomenon. Here, we prepared MNRs with width between 5 nm to 15 nm by direct helium ion beam milling. High optical anisotropy of these MNRs is revealed by the systematic study of optical contrast and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman modes in MNRs show strong polarization dependence. Besides that the E' and A'1 peaks are broadened by the phonon-confinement effect, the modes corresponding to singularities of vibrational density of states are activated by edges. The peculiar polarization behavior of Raman modes can be explained by the anisotropy of light absorption in MNRs, which is evidenced by the polarized optical contrast. The study opens the possibility to explore quasione-dimensional materials with high optical anisotropy from isotropic 2D family of transition metal dichalcogenides.
Συσχέτιση μυκοπλάσματος και ουρεαπλάσματος με τον πρόωρο τοκετό
Creators: name: Σταγάκη, Ευγενία Εμμανουήλ
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Μυκόπλασμα
Ουρεάπλασμα
Πρόωρος τοκετός
Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma
Preterm labor

description: Σκοπός της μεταπτυχιακής διατριβής ήταν η εύρεση της συσχέτισης συγκεκριμένων βακτηρίων, του μυκοπλάσματος και του ουρεαπλάσματος, με τον πρόωρο τοκετό. Πρόκειται για βακτήρια, τα οποία ανήκουν στην ίδια οικογένεια και χαρακτηρίζονται από την απουσία κυτταρικού τοιχώματος, γεγονός το οποίο διαδραματίζει σπουδαίο ρόλο στην προσπάθεια θεραπείας τους. Στην εργασία αυτή θα μελετηθούν εκτενώς τα είδη του μυκοπλάσματος και ουρεαπλάσματος που αποικίζουν κυρίως την ουρογεννητική οδό και γίνεται αναφορά στον επιπολασμό τους, στις επιπλοκές που προκαλούν τόσο κατά την περίοδο της κύησης όσο και εκτός αυτής και στις διαθέσιμες μεθόδους ανίχνευσης (καλλιέργεια, PCR). Αναλύονται, παράλληλα, οι διαθέσιμες κατευθυντήριες οδηγίες που περιλαμβάνουν τις ενδείξεις για τον έλεγχο των βακτηρίων αυτών. Στη συγκεκριμένη διατριβή περιγράφεται και η έννοια του πρόωρου τοκετού, οι αιτίες που τον προκαλούν και οι μέθοδοι έγκαιρης πρόβλεψης και πρόληψης του. Έπειτα, γίνεται συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στα είδη του μυκοπλάσματος και του ουρεαπλάσματος που αποικίζουν την ουρογεννητική οδό με τον πρόωρο τοκετό, περιγράφοντας τον παθοφυσιολογικό μηχανισμό που τον επάγει. Τέλος, αναφέρονται οι θεραπευτικές επιλογές τονίζοντας τη μεγάλη πιθανότητα να παρουσιάζουν αντίσταση σε διάφορα αντιβιοτικά και ιδίως στις μακρολίδες, οι οποίες αποτελούν θεραπεία πρώτης γραμμής κατά την περίοδο της κύησης.
description: The purpose of the master's thesis was to find correlation of specific bacteria, mycoplasma and ureaplasma, with premature birth. These are bacteria, which belong to the same family and are characterized by the absence of a cell wall, a fact which plays an important role in the attempt to treat them. In this paper, the species of mycoplasma and ureaplasma that mainly colonize the urogenital tract will be extensively studied and reference will be made to their prevalence, the complications that they cause on pregnancy period or not and the available detection methods (culture, PCR). At the same time, the available guidelines that include the indications for the control of these bacteria are analyzed. In this thesis, the concept of premature birth, its causes and the methods of its early prediction and prevention are described. Then, a correlation is made between the species of mycoplasma and ureaplasma that colonize the genitourinary tract with preterm labor, describing the pathophysiological mechanism that induces it. Finally, the treatment options are mentioned, emphasizing the high probability of showing resistance to various antibiotics, especially macrolides, which are first-line treatment during pregnancy.
Scrape-off layer turbulence in TCV: evidence in support of stochastic modelling
Creators: name: Theodorsen, A.
name: Garcia, O. E.
name: Horacek, J.
name: Kube, R.
name: Pitts, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermittent fluctuations in the TCV scrape-off layer have been investigated by analysing long Langmuir probe data time series under stationary conditions, allowing calculation of fluctuation statistics with high accuracy. The ion saturation current signal is dominated by the frequent occurrence of large-amplitude bursts attributed to filament structures moving through the scrape-off layer. The average burst shape is well described by a double-exponential wave-form with constant duration, while the waiting times and peak amplitudes of the bursts both have an exponential distribution. Associated with bursts in the ion saturation current is a dipole shaped floating potential structure and radially outwards directed electric drift velocity and particle flux, with average peak values increasing with the saturation current burst amplitude. The floating potential fluctuations have a normal probability density function while the distributions for the ion saturation current and estimated radial velocity have exponential tails for large fluctuations. These findings are discussed in the light of prevailing theories for filament motion and a stochastic model for intermittent scrape-off layer plasma fluctuations.
Jetted and Turbulent Stellar Deaths: New LVK-Detectable Gravitational Wave Sources
Creators: name: Gottlieb, Ore
name: Nagakura, Hiroki
name: Tchekhovskoy, Alexander
name: Natarajan, Priyamvada
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
name: Banagiri, Sharan
name: Jacquemin-Ide, Jonatan
name: Kaaz, Nick
name: Kalogera, Vicky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) observing runs are expected to detect a variety of inspiralling gravitational-wave (GW) events, that come from black-hole and neutron-star binary mergers. Detection of non-inspiral GW sources is also anticipated. We report the discovery of a new class of non-inspiral GW sources - the end states of massive stars - that can produce the brightest simulated stochastic GW burst signal in LVK bands known to date, and could be detectable in the LVK run A+. Some dying massive stars launch bipolar relativistic jets, which inflate a turbulent energetic bubble - cocoon - inside of the star. We simulate such a system using state-of-the-art 3D general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations and show that these cocoons emit quasi-isotropic GW emission in the LVK band, $\sim 10-100$ Hz, over a characteristic jet activity timescale, $\sim 10-100$ s. Our first-principles simulations show that jets exhibit a wobbling behavior, in which case cocoon-powered GWs might be detected already in LVK run A+, but it is more likely that these GWs will be detected by the third generation GW detectors with estimated rate of $ \sim 10 $ events/year. The detection rate drops to $ \sim 1\% $ of that value if all jets were to feature a traditional axisymmetric structure instead of a wobble. Accompanied by electromagnetic emission from the energetic core-collapse supernova and the cocoon, we predict that collapsars are powerful multi-messenger events.
description: For movies of the simulation, see https://oregottlieb.com/gw.html
Spilomicrus superbus Masner 1991
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Spilomicrus
Spilomicrus superbus

description: Spilomicrus superbus Masner, 1991: 117, 151, figs 3, 43-45, 93, 120.
Valid name
Spilomicrus lubomiri Özdikmen, 2010.
Summary of types
Paratype ♂.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Competing structures in two dimensions: square-to-hexagonal transition
Creators: name: Gränz, Barbara
name: Koshunov, Sergey E.
name: Geshkenbein, Vadim B.
name: Blatter, Gianni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a system of particles in two dimensions interacting via a dipolar long-range potential $D/r^3$ and subject to a square-lattice substrate potential $V({\bf r})$ with amplitude $V$ and lattice constant $b$. The isotropic interaction favors a hexagonal arrangement of the particles with lattice constant $a$, which competes against the square symmetry of the substrate lattice. We determine the minimal-energy states at fixed external pressure $p$ generating the commensurate density $n = 1/b^2 = (4/3)^{1/2}/a^2$ in the absence of thermal and quantum fluctuations, using both analytical and numerical techniques. At large substrate amplitude $V > 0.2\, e_D$, with $e_D = D/b^3$ the dipolar energy scale, the particles reside in the substrate minima and hence arrange in a square lattice. Upon decreasing $V$, the square lattice turns unstable with respect to a zone-boundary shear-mode and deforms into a period-doubled zig-zag lattice. Analytic and numerical results show that this period-doubled phase in turn becomes unstable at $V \approx 0.074\, e_D$ towards a non-uniform phase developing an array of domain walls or solitons; as the density of solitons increases, the particle arrangement approaches that of a rhombic (or isosceles triangular) lattice. At a yet smaller substrate value estimated as $V \approx 0.046\, e_D$, a further solitonic transition establishes a second non-uniform phase which smoothly approaches the hexagonal (or equilateral triangular) lattice phase with vanishing amplitude $V$. At small but finite amplitude $V$, the hexagonal phase is distorted and hexatically locked at an angle of $φ\approx 3.8^\circ$ with respect to the substrate lattice. The square-to-hexagonal transformation in this two-dimensional commensurate-incommensurate system thus involves a complex pathway with various non-trivial lattice- and modulated phases.
description: 30 pages, 25 figures
Joint PMD Tracking and Nonlinearity Compensation with Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Jain, Prasham
name: Lampe, Lutz
name: Mitra, Jeebak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Overcoming fiber nonlinearity is one of the core challenges limiting the capacity of optical fiber communication systems. Machine learning based solutions such as learned digital backpropagation (LDBP) and the recently proposed deep convolutional recurrent neural network (DCRNN) have been shown to be effective for fiber nonlinearity compensation (NLC). Incorporating distributed compensation of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) within the learned models can improve their performance even further but at the same time, it also couples the compensation of nonlinearity and PMD. Consequently, it is important to consider the time variation of PMD for such a joint compensation scheme. In this paper, we investigate the impact of PMD drift on the DCRNN model with distributed compensation of PMD. We propose a transfer learning based selective training scheme to adapt the learned neural network model to changes in PMD. We demonstrate that fine-tuning only a small subset of weights as per the proposed method is sufficient for adapting the model to PMD drift. Using decision directed feedback for online learning, we track continuous PMD drift resulting from a time-varying rotation of the state of polarization (SOP). We show that transferring knowledge from a pre-trained base model using the proposed scheme significantly reduces the re-training efforts for different PMD realizations. Applying the hinge model for SOP rotation, our simulation results show that the learned models maintain their performance gains while tracking the PMD.
High Resolution Polar Kerr Effect Studies of CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$: Tests for Time Reversal Symmetry Breaking Below the Charge Order Transition
Creators: name: Saykin, David R.
name: Farhang, Camron
name: Kountz, Erik D.
name: Chen, Dong
name: Ortiz, Brenden R.
name: Shekhar, Chandra
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: Thomale, Ronny
name: Xia, Jing
name: Kapitulnik, Aharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report high resolution polar Kerr effect measurements on CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ single crystals in search for signatures of spontaneous time reversal symmetry breaking below the charge order transition at $T^* \approx 94$ K. Utilizing two different versions of zero-area loop Sagnac interferometers operating at 1550 nm wavelength, each with the fundamental attribute that without a time reversal symmetry breaking sample at its path, the interferometer is perfectly reciprocal, we find no observable Kerr effect to within the noise floor limit of the apparatus at 30 nanoradians. Simultaneous coherent reflection ratio measurements confirm the sharpness of the charge order transition in the same optical volume as the Kerr measurements. At finite magnetic field we observe a sharp onset of a diamagnetic shift in the Kerr signal at $T^*$, which persists down to the lowest temperature without change in trend. Since 1550 nm is an energy that was shown to capture all features of the optical properties of the material that interact with the charge order transition, we are led to conclude that it is highly unlikely that time reversal symmetry is broken in the charge ordered state in CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
When ideals meet deadlines: Counting the way towards gender balance in student journalism at  Humber College
Creators: Mike Wise
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Purpose - This study aims to determine whether the regular measurement and sharing of

source-diversity rates in a college newsroom will result in student journalists changing how they

seek interviews in order to achieve the goal of a 50:50 balance of male and female sources.

Design - The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, using a 25-week content analysis

of all stories published to a student website to track the gender balance of sources used by

Humber College journalism students. It also uses a pre-and-post online survey to assess student

attitudes toward gender balance, source diversity and reporting strategies.

Findings - The study found Humber College students achieved very close to a 50:50

gender balance (47.8% female, 51.3% male, 0.8% non-binary), a significant achievement

compared to professional Canadian newsrooms. Students facing daily reporting deadlines were

most likely to respond to the measurement results and change their reporting routines. At the

same time, there is little evidence it was effective for students not facing daily deadlines. Surveys

showed student journalists express overwhelming support for source diversity and gender

balance in the media they produce and consume.

Research implications - This study contributes to the study of gender representation in

journalism and source auditing by analyzing how reporters respond to learning about newsroom

diversity measurements. It also contributes to the limited research into the differences between

student and professional newsrooms. The findings will be helpful for reporters, journalism

instructors or newsroom leaders looking to introduce source diversity auditing into their media

operations.
Adaptive Bias Correction for Improved Subseasonal Forecasting
Creators: name: Mouatadid, Soukayna
name: Orenstein, Paulo
name: Flaspohler, Genevieve
name: Cohen, Judah
name: Oprescu, Miruna
name: Fraenkel, Ernest
name: Mackey, Lester
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Subseasonal forecasting -- predicting temperature and precipitation 2 to 6 weeks ahead -- is critical for effective water allocation, wildfire management, and drought and flood mitigation. Recent international research efforts have advanced the subseasonal capabilities of operational dynamical models, yet temperature and precipitation prediction skills remain poor, partly due to stubborn errors in representing atmospheric dynamics and physics inside dynamical models. Here, to counter these errors, we introduce an adaptive bias correction (ABC) method that combines state-of-the-art dynamical forecasts with observations using machine learning. We show that, when applied to the leading subseasonal model from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), ABC improves temperature forecasting skill by 60-90% (over baseline skills of 0.18-0.25) and precipitation forecasting skill by 40-69% (over baseline skills of 0.11-0.15) in the contiguous U.S. We couple these performance improvements with a practical workflow to explain ABC skill gains and identify higher-skill windows of opportunity based on specific climate conditions.
Peptide Bonds in the Interstellar Medium: Facile Autocatalytic Formation from Nitriles on Water-Ice Grains
Creators: name: Kerkeni, Boutheïna
name: Simmie, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent suggestion that acetamide, \ce{CH3C(O)NH2}, could be readily formed on water-ice grains by the acid induced addition of water across the \ce{CN} bond is now shown to be valid. Computational modelling of the reaction between \ce{R-CN} (R = H, \ce{CH3}) and a cluster of 32 molecules of water and one \ce{H3O+} proceeds auto-catalytically to form firstly a hydroxy imine \ce{R-C(OH)=NH} and secondly an amide \ce{R-C(O)NH2}. Quantum mechanical tunnelling, computed from small-curvature estimates, plays a key role in the rates of these reactions. This work represents the first credible effort to show how amides can be formed from abundant substrates, namely nitriles and water, reacting on a water-ice cluster containing catalytic amounts of hydrons in the interstellar medium with consequential implications towards the origins of life.
description: 19 pages, 8 Figures
New Finite Type Multi-Indexed Orthogonal Polynomials Obtained From State-Adding Darboux Transformations
Creators: name: Odake, Satoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Hamiltonians of finite type discrete quantum mechanics with real shifts are real symmetric matrices of order $N+1$. We discuss the Darboux transformations with higher degree ($>N$) polynomial solutions as seed solutions. They are state-adding and the resulting Hamiltonians after $M$-steps are of order $N+M+1$. Based on twelve orthogonal polynomials (($q$-)Racah, (dual, $q$-)Hahn, Krawtchouk and five types of $q$-Krawtchouk), new finite type multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials are obtained, which satisfy second order difference equations, and all the eigenvectors of the deformed Hamiltonian are described by them. We also present explicit forms of the Krein-Adler type multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials and their difference equations, which are obtained from the state-deleting Darboux transformations with lower degree ($\leq N$) polynomial solutions as seed solutions.
description: 50 pages. Typos are corrected. To appear in PTEP
The Effect of the Infrared Phase of the Discrete BFKL Pomeron on Transverse Momentum Diffusion
Creators: name: Ross, Douglas A.
name: Vera, Agustin Sabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imposing infrared boundary conditions on the BFKL equation with running coupling transforms the complex momentum w-plane cut present in the gluon Green function into an infinite series of positive Regge poles. In addition, a cut on the negative w line remains. We consider a Hermitian kernel at leading order with running coupling and construct the gluon Green function performing the w integration away from the real axis. We find a strong dependence of the asymptotic intercepts and collinear behaviour on the non-perturbative choice of the boundary conditions, in the form of an infrared phase. This is particularly manifest in the asymmetric infrared/ultraviolet structure of the associated diffusion in transverse momentum. We find that random walks into the infrared region are largely reduced in this approach.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
AARP Survey of Small Business Owners in Texas Wave 1
Creators: name: AARP
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2023

description: Concern that employee(s) will not have enough money in retirement (1); currently saving for own retirement (1); offer employee retirement savings plan (11); concerns about operating/managing an employee retirement savings plan (3); main reason for offering employee retirement savings plan (1); concerns about non-savers being reliant on public assistance (1); support establishment of a state-private partnership in retirement savings program (4).