cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lattice isomorphisms of bisimple monogenic orthodox semigroups
Creators: name: Goberstein, Simon M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using the classification and description of the structure of bisimple monogenic orthodox semigroups obtained in \cite{key10}, we prove that every bisimple orthodox semigroup generated by a pair of mutually inverse elements of infinite order is strongly determined by the lattice of its subsemigroups in the class of all semigroups. This theorem substantially extends an earlier result of \cite{key25} stating that the bicyclic semigroup is strongly lattice determined.
description: Semigroup Forum (published online: 15 April 2011)
title: Lucas Schröck(h)
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Lucas Schröck(h) as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Fine Particulate Air Pollution and the Progression of Carotid Intima-Medial Thickness: A Prospective Cohort Study from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution
Creators: name: Adar, Sara D.
name: Sheppard, Lianne
name: Vedal, Sverre
name: Polak, Joseph F.
name: Sampson, Paul D.
name: Roux, Ana V. Diez
name: Budoff, Matthew
name: Barr, R. Graham
name: Jacobs Jr., David R.
name: Watson, Karol
name: Kaufman, Joel D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hypertension
Cardiovascular system--Diseases
Air--Pollution
Public health

description: Background

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to cardiovascular disease, possibly via accelerated atherosclerosis. We examined associations between the progression of the intima-medial thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery, as an indicator of atherosclerosis, and long-term PM2.5 concentrations in participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Methods and Results

MESA, a prospective cohort study, enrolled 6,814 participants at the baseline exam (2000–2002), with 5,660 (83%) of those participants completing two ultrasound examinations between 2000 and 2005 (mean follow-up: 2.5 years). PM2.5 was estimated over the year preceding baseline and between ultrasounds using a spatio-temporal model. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were examined using mixed models adjusted for confounders including age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, and socio-economic indicators. Among 5,362 participants (5% of participants had missing data) with a mean annual progression of 14 µm/y, 2.5 µg/m3 higher levels of residential PM2.5 during the follow-up period were associated with 5.0 µm/y (95% CI 2.6 to 7.4 µm/y) greater IMT progressions among persons in the same metropolitan area. Although significant associations were not found with IMT progression without adjustment for metropolitan area (0.4 µm/y [95% CI −0.4 to 1.2 µm/y] per 2.5 µg/m3), all of the six areas showed positive associations. Greater reductions in PM2.5 over follow-up for a fixed baseline PM2.5 were also associated with slowed IMT progression (−2.8 µm/y [95% CI −1.6 to −3.9 µm/y] per 1 µg/m3 reduction). Study limitations include the use of a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis, some loss to follow-up, and the lack of estimates for air pollution concentrations prior to 1999.

Conclusions

This early analysis from MESA suggests that higher long-term PM2.5 concentrations are associated with increased IMT progression and that greater reductions in PM2.5 are related to slower IMT progression. These findings, even over a relatively short follow-up period, add to the limited literature on air pollution and the progression of atherosclerotic processes in humans. If confirmed by future analyses of the full 10 years of follow-up in this cohort, these findings will help to explain associations between long-term PM2.5 concentrations and clinical cardiovascular events.

Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Apply TF test bench to FEE prototypes
Creators: name: A. Pradas
name: G. Plumed
name: J. Andrea
name: F. Arteche
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: WP4

description: This document is related to the implementation of Task 4.5 ‘Design & development of new electronics characterisation system for EMC control’. This task plans to design and develop a new automatic EMC test bench to measure the noise transfer functions (TF) of physics detectors, and a common and portable test bench to perform in-situ EMC conducted emission measurements of very small Direct Current (DC-DC) converters and power supply units in irradiation facilities.
Oil and Water: How Legal Education’s Doctrine and Skills Divide Reproduces Toxic Hierarchies
Creators: name: Jewel, Lucille A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Discrimination in higher education
Educational equalization--Law and legislation
Law schools
Discrimination in education
Law teachers
Occupational prestige

description: The longstanding categorical distinction that elevates doctrinal teaching over skills teaching continues to harm the profession of law. In this Article, I consider two distinct effects produced by the doctrine/skills dichotomy. First, the dichotomy is responsible for reinforcing class, gender, and race segmentation in legal education, which limits the quality of instruction that law schools can provide and abets the reproduction of existing power relations in the legal profession and society at large.
Second, the antipodal positioning of doctrine and theory over skills and practice harms law schools’ ability to prepare a new generation of law students to engage in both critical lawyering and law reform.
As American society becomes increasingly unequal and as its criminal justice system barrels well past the breaking point, we desperately need the next generation of law students to participate in a new era of structural law reform. But unlike the last major era of reform in the United States (the Progressive Era), where ill-conceived top-down solutions were theorized and implemented by a small subset of elite lawyers, this time, reform should emerge from a coalition of lawyers hailing from all law schools and all levels of society. Even in legal education’s current situation, with tenure for law professors on the chopping block due to declining student enrollment and legal employment prospects, law schools should commit to collapsing the false binary between doctrine and skills.
In this Article, I will first describe the disparate treatment and conditions that make the skills professorate the “other professorate.” I will then explain how the dichotomy (1) reinforces harmful race, class, and gender hierarchies in the legal academy and (2) produces an elitist knowledge hierarchy that prevents students from obtaining a holistic legal education. Finally, I will argue that bridging the skills/doctrine divide is necessary to prepare all law graduates to participate in civics-based law reform.
Characterizing the Cool KOIs II. The M Dwarf KOI-254 and its Hot Jupiter
Creators: name: Johnson, John Asher
name: Gazak, J. Zachary
name: Apps, Kevin
name: Muirhead, Philip S.
name: Crepp, Justin R.
name: Crossfield, Ian J. M.
name: Boyajian, Tabetha
name: von Braun, Kaspar
name: Rojas-Ayala, Barbara
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Covey, Kevin R.
name: Schlawin, Everett
name: Hamren, Katherine
name: Morton, Timothy D.
name: Lloyd, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the confirmation and characterization of a transiting gas giant planet orbiting the M dwarf KOI-254 every 2.455239 days, which was originally discovered by the Kepler mission. We use radial velocity measurements, adaptive optics imaging and near infrared spectroscopy to confirm the planetary nature of the transit events. KOI-254b is the first hot Jupiter discovered around an M-type dwarf star. We also present a new model-independent method of using broadband photometry to estimate the mass and metallicity of an M dwarf without relying on a direct distance measurement. Included in this methodology is a new photometric metallicity calibration based on J-K colors. We use this technique to measure the physical properties of KOI-254 and its planet. We measure a planet mass of Mp = 0.505 Mjup, radius Rp = 0.96 Rjup and semimajor axis a = 0.03 AU, based on our measured stellar mass Mstar = 0.59 Msun and radius Rstar = 0.55 Rsun. We also find that the host star is metal-rich, which is consistent with the sample of M-type stars known to harbor giant planets.
description: AJ accepted (in press)
Equations in the primes
Creators: name: Cook, Brian Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: We provide results related to the study of prime points on level sets of homogeneous integral forms which are linear or quadratic. In the linear case we present an extension of the Green-Tao Theorem, which finds affine copies of finite intervals in relatively dense subsets of the primes, to a higher dimensional setting in which one finds affine copies of suitably generic point configurations in relatively dense subsets of a Cartesian product of the primes. For general integral quadratic forms we present a result which is a Birch-Goldbach type theorem for a single quadratic form with sufficient rank. This guarantees solubility among the primes on the level set of a quadratic form subject to local conditions. This is an extension of a well known result of Hua.
The regulatory framework for investment: where are we headed?
Creators: name: Sauvant, Karl P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International business enterprises
subject: Investments, Foreign--Government policy
subject: Investments, Foreign--Law and legislation
subject: Investments, Foreign
subject: Economics
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Governments throughout the world have sought, and are seeking, to attract foreign direct investment and, for that purposed, have liberalized their national regulatory frameworks for FDI and established a strong international investment law regime. However, there are signs that, as a result of a number of important developments (which are being discussed in some detail in this chapter), governments are reevaluating their stance toward FDI, or at least certain types of it. This re-evaluation has found its expression in a number of regulatory changes that may eventually lead to a regime that balances the rights of investors and host countries in a manner that places more emphasis on maintaining policy space for host country governments while still protecting foreign investors
High stretching tuned GO decorated non-shrinkable polyacrylic acid-based composite fiber and its excellent performance as a Fenton catalyst
Creators: name: Wang, Jinghong
name: Liu, Jiayi
name: Wang, Zeyan
name: Huang, Nana
name: Han, Jiao
name: Xu, Naiku
name: Zhang, Jiahan
name: Yan, Xiangyuan
name: Li, Yaqi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Hematology
Virology

description: Mixed valent iron ions were used to create a flexible ionic crosslinking network through coordination, making PAA fiber highly stretchable, and the fiber was highly stretched to tear graphene oxide (GO) sheets into discontinuously-dispersed monolayer sheets. The monolayer sheets could construct many hydrogen bonds with PAA chains to serve as knots to hinder chain movement, controlling the shrinkage of stretched fiber. Co-solvent formamide could improve the heat resistance of PAA fiber through special calorific effect; thus the highly-stretched fiber could tolerate high temperature heat setting. Due to the advanced structure induced by stretching, internal force relaxation caused by heat setting, and the existence of knots, the resulting fiber possessed the features of high strength and no shrinkage. High strength made the fiber mechanically applicable, and the unshrinkability could help it to maintain large specific surface area and strong iron ions-immobilizing capability. As a result, the catalytic activity of non-shrinkable fiber was increased by 25% compared with that of shrinkable fiber for methylene blue (MB) decolorization, and iron ion loading ratio was increased by 174.5%; however, iron ion leaching ratio was decreased by 76.5%, which was conducive to reusability improvement. Thereby, the resulting fiber could be repeatedly used to decolorize MB.
A model of competition among more than two languages
Creators: name: Fujie, Ryo
name: Aihara, Kazuyuki
name: Masuda, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We extend the Abrams-Strogatz model for competition between two languages [Nature 424, 900 (2003)] to the case of n(>=2) competing states (i.e., languages). Although the Abrams-Strogatz model for n=2 can be interpreted as modeling either majority preference or minority aversion, the two mechanisms are distinct when n>=3. We find that the condition for the coexistence of different states is independent of n under the pure majority preference, whereas it depends on n under the pure minority aversion. We also show that the stable coexistence equilibrium and stable monopoly equilibria can be multistable under the minority aversion and not under the majority preference. Furthermore, we obtain the phase diagram of the model when the effects of the majority preference and minority aversion are mixed, under the condition that different states have the same attractiveness. We show that the multistability is a generic property of the model facilitated by large n.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Understanding the complexity of water supply system governance: a proposal for a methodological framework
Creators: name: Gomez, Fernando Gumeta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: institutional diversity, nestedness, surveys and intervieew

description: Supplementary material that contains the quick survey and semi-structured interview questions to obtain the data of the diversity, nestedness and dynamics properties in the studied communities, as well as the data analysis procedure for nestedness from NeD online software.
Suppression of superconductivity at nematic critical point in underdoped cuprates
Creators: name: Liu, Guo-Zhu
name: Wang, Jing-Rong
name: Wang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nematic quantum critical point is anticipated to exist in the superconducting dome of some high-temperature superconductors. The nematic order competes with the superconducting order and hence reduces the superconducting condensate at $T = 0$. Moreover, the critical fluctuations of nematic order can excite more nodal quasiparticles out of the condensate. We address these two effects within an effective field theory and show that superfluid density $ρ^s(T)$ and superconducting temperature $T_c$ are both suppressed strongly by the critical fluctuations. The strong suppression of superconductivity provides a possible way to determine the nematic quantum critical point.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Type IV Pilus Probe Initial Stages of a Force-Induced Conformational Transition
Creators: name: Baker, Joseph L.
name: Biais, Nicolas
name: Tama, Florence
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hydrogen bonding
Biochemical engineering--Computer simulation
Pili (Microbiology)
Biochemistry

description: Type IV pili are long, protein filaments built from a repeating subunit that protrudes from the surface of a wide variety of infectious bacteria. They are implicated in a vast array of functions, ranging from bacterial motility to microcolony formation to infection. One of the most well-studied type IV filaments is the gonococcal type IV pilus (GC-T4P) from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea. Cryo-electron microscopy has been used to construct a model of this filament, offering insights into the structure of type IV pili. In addition, experiments have demonstrated that GC-T4P can withstand very large tension forces, and transition to a force-induced conformation. However, the details of force-generation, and the atomic-level characteristics of the force-induced conformation, are unknown. Here, steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation was used to exert a force in silico on an 18 subunit segment of GC-T4P to address questions regarding the nature of the interactions that lead to the extraordinary strength of bacterial pili. SMD simulations revealed that the buried pilin α1 domains maintain hydrophobic contacts with one another within the core of the filament, leading to GC-T4P's structural stability. At the filament surface, gaps between pilin globular head domains in both the native and pulled states provide water accessible routes between the external environment and the interior of the filament, allowing water to access the pilin α1 domains as reported for VC-T4P in deuterium exchange experiments. Results were also compared to the experimentally observed force-induced conformation. In particular, an exposed amino acid sequence in the experimentally stretched filament was also found to become exposed during the SMD simulations, suggesting that initial stages of the force induced transition are well captured. Furthermore, a second sequence was shown to be initially hidden in the native filament and became exposed upon stretching.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, July - September, 2018
Creators: name: Northern Ireland Statistics And Research Agency
name: Office For National Statistics, Social Survey Division
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2019

description: Latest edition information

For the third edition (February 2019), the values for Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa contained in the variables CRYOX7_EUL_Sub and NATOX7_EUL_Sub have been corrected.
Malaria’s Missing Number: Calculating the Human Component of R0 by a Within-Host Mechanistic Model of Plasmodium falciparum Infection and Transmission
Creators: name: Johnston, Geoffrey L.
name: Smith, David L.
name: Fidock, David Armand
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Germ cells
Immune response
Malaria
Biochemistry

description: Human infection by malarial parasites of the genus Plasmodium begins with the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Current estimates place malaria mortality at over 650,000 individuals each year, mostly in African children. Efforts to reduce disease burden can benefit from the development of mathematical models of disease transmission. To date, however, comprehensive modeling of the parameters defining human infectivity to mosquitoes has remained elusive. Here, we describe a mechanistic within-host model of Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans and pathogen transmission to the mosquito vector. Our model incorporates the entire parasite lifecycle, including the intra-erythrocytic asexual forms responsible for disease, the onset of symptoms, the development and maturation of intra-erythrocytic gametocytes that are transmissible to Anopheles mosquitoes, and human-to-mosquito infectivity. These model components were parameterized from malaria therapy data and other studies to simulate individual infections, and the ensemble of outputs was found to reproduce the full range of patient responses to infection. Using this model, we assessed human infectivity over the course of untreated infections and examined the effects in relation to transmission intensity, expressed by the basic reproduction number R0 (defined as the number of secondary cases produced by a single typical infection in a completely susceptible population). Our studies predict that net human-to-mosquito infectivity from a single non-immune individual is on average equal to 32 fully infectious days. This estimate of mean infectivity is equivalent to calculating the human component of malarial R0. We also predict that mean daily infectivity exceeds five percent for approximately 138 days. The mechanistic framework described herein, made available as stand-alone software, will enable investigators to conduct detailed studies into theories of malaria control, including the effects of drug treatment and drug resistance on transmission.
A Brightest Cluster Galaxy with an Extremely Large Flat Core
Creators: name: Postman, Marc
name: Lauer, Tod R.
name: Donahue, Megan
name: Graves, Genevieve
name: Coe, Dan
name: Moustakas, John
name: Koekemoer, Anton
name: Bradley, Larry
name: Ford, Holland C.
name: Grillo, Claudio
name: Zitrin, Adi
name: Lemze, Doron
name: Broadhurst, Tom
name: Moustakas, Leonidas
name: Ascaso, Begona
name: Medezinski, Elinor
name: Kelson, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hubble Space Telescope images of the galaxy cluster Abell 2261, obtained as part of the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble, show that the brightest galaxy in the cluster, A2261-BCG, has the largest core yet detected in any galaxy. The cusp radius of A2261-BCG is 3.2 kpc, twice as big as the next largest core known, and ~3x bigger than those typically seen in the most luminous BCGs. The morphology of the core in A2261-BCG is also unusual, having a flat or even slightly-depressed interior surface brightness profile, rather than the typical shallow cusp. This implies that the galaxy has a core with constant or even centrally decreasing stellar density. Interpretation of the core as an end product of the "scouring" action of a binary supermassive black hole implies a total black hole mass ~1E+10 M_sun from the extrapolation of most relationships between core structure and black hole mass. The core falls 1-sigma above the cusp-radius versus galaxy luminosity relation. Its large size in real terms, and the extremely large black hole mass required to generate it, raise the possibility that the core has been enlarged by additional processes, such as the ejection of the black holes that originally generated the core. The flat central stellar density profile is consistent with this hypothesis. The core is also displaced by 0.7 kpc from the center of the surrounding envelope, consistent with a local dynamical perturbation of the core.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Russian Multinationals: From Regional Supremacy to Global Lead: Forward
Creators: name: Sauvant, Karl P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: International business enterprises
Economic development
Investments, Foreign
Economics
Business

description: Traditionally, multinational enterprises headquartered in the developed countries have been the principal actors in the world foreign direct investment market; until not so long ago, they accounted for some 90 per cent of outflows of such investments. They certainly continue to hold the leadership role. But firms headquartered in other parts of the world increasingly challenge multinational enterprises from these countries, as the former invest more and more abroad as well (Sauvant et al. 2010). In fact, with an average of over US$300 billion of outflows during 2008-2009, the amount that over 20,000 emerging market multinational enterprises invested abroad on average during those years was six times the world average of foreign direct investment flows during the first half of the 1980s. The stock of this investment, located in host countries throughout the world, had risen to a staggering US$3 trillion by 2009 and continues to grow. In other words, multinational enterprises from emerging markets have become full and important players in the world foreign direct investment market.

One of the most important new emerging home countries is the Russian Federation. Starting virtually from scratch only some 20 years ago, the stock of Russia's outward foreign direct investment had reached US$250 billion in 2009, with flows averaging US$50 billion during 2008-2009. While most of this investment is in natural resources - and certainly while most of the country's leading multinational enterprises are in this sector - a growing number of Russian firms in other sectors also seek to establish themselves abroad. Like their competitors headquartered in developed countries, they have to overcome a range of issues related to the 'liability of foreignness' (foreigners operating in a foreign country), ranging from how to enter foreign markets (with understanding how to execute mergers and acquisitions successfully being a particular challenge), to managing integrated international production networks, to dealing with political and other obstacles in host countries (including the apparent rise of foreign direct investment protectionism).
Counting hyperelliptic curves in Abelian surfaces with quasi-modular forms
Creators: name: Rose, Simon Charles Florian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: In this thesis we produce a generating function for the number of hyperelliptic curves (up to translation) on a polarized Abelian surface using the crepant resolution conjecture and the Yau-Zaslow formula. We present a formula to compute these in terms of P. A. MacMahon's generalized sum-of-divisors functions, and prove that they are quasi-modular forms.
Low Rates of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in a Routine Programmatic Setting in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: Kim, Maria H.
name: Ahmed, Saeed
name: Preidis, Geoffrey A.
name: Abrams, Elaine J.
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Giordano, Thomas P.
name: Chiao, Elizabeth Y.
name: Paul, Mary E.
name: Bhalakia, Avni
name: Nanthuru, Debora
name: Kazembe, Peter N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Infants
Pregnancy
HIV infections
Public health

description: Background

The Tingathe program utilizes community health workers to improve prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service delivery. We evaluated the impact of antiretroviral (ARV) regimen and maternal CD4+ count on HIV transmission within the Tingathe program in Lilongwe, Malawi.

Methods

We reviewed clinical records of 1088 mother-infant pairs enrolled from March 2009 to March 2011 who completed follow-up to first DNA PCR. Eligibility for antiretroviral treatment (ART) was determined by CD4+ cell count (CD4+) for women not yet on ART. ART-eligible women initiated stavudine-lamivudine-nevirapine. Early ART was defined as ART for ≥14 weeks prior to delivery. For women ineligible for ART, optimal ARV prophylaxis was maternal AZT 	≥6 weeks+sdNVP, and infant sdNVP+AZT for 1 week. HIV transmission rates were determined for ARV regimens, and factors associated with vertical transmission were identified using bivariate logistic regression.

Results

Transmission rate at first PCR was 4.1%. Pairs receiving suboptimal ARV prophylaxis were more likely to transmit HIV (10.3%, 95% CI, 5.5–18.1%). ART was associated with reduced transmission (1.4%, 95% CI, 0.6–3.0%), with early ART associated with decreased transmission (no transmission), compared to all other treatment groups (p = 0.001). No association was detected between transmission and CD4+ categories (p = 0.337), trimester of pregnancy at enrollment (p = 0.100), or maternal age (p = 0.164).

Conclusion

Low rates of MTCT of HIV are possible in resource-constrained settings under routine programmatic conditions. No transmissions were observed among women on ART for more than 14 weeks prior to delivery.
More on the Kechris-Pestov-Todorcevic correspondence: precompact expansions
Creators: name: Van Thé, Lionel Nguyen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B05 (Primary) 03C15, 03E02, 03E15, 05D10, 22F50, 43A07, 54H20 (Secondary)

description: In 2005, the paper "Fraissé limits, Ramsey theory, and topological dynamics of automorphism groups" [KPT] by Kechris, Pestov and Todorcevic provided a powerful tool to compute an invariant of topological groups known as the universal minimal flow. This immediately led to an explicit representation of this invariant in many concrete cases. However, in some particular situations, the framework of [KPT] does not allow to perform the computation directly, but only after a slight modification of the original argument. The purpose of the present paper is to supplement [KPT] in order to avoid that twist and to make it adapted for further applications.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures. Structure of Section 4 changed for clarity, examples added
Socioeconomic and Other Social Stressors and Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Youth: A Systematic Review of Less Studied Risk Factors
Creators: name: Slopen, Natalie
name: Goodman, Elizabeth
name: Koenen, Karestan C.
name: Kubzansky, Laura D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Social classes
Adipose tissues--Analysis
Lipids--Metabolism
Biochemistry

description: Background

Socioeconomic disadvantage and other social stressors in childhood have been linked with cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood; however the mechanisms underlying these observed associations and the timing of their emergence are unclear. The aim of this review was to evaluate research that examined relationships between socioeconomic disadvantage and other social stressors in relation to less-studied cardiometabolic risk factors among youth, including carbohydrate metabolism-related factors, lipids, and central adiposity.

Methods

We searched PubMed and ISI Web of Science to identify relevant publications between 2001 and 2013.Studies were selected based on 4 criteria: (1) the study examined an association between at least one social or economic stressor and one relevant outcome prior to age 21; (2) the sample originated from a high-income country; (3) the sample was not selected based on a health condition; and (4) a central aim was to evaluate the effect of the social or economic stressor on at least one relevant outcome. Abstracts were screened and relevant publications were obtained and evaluated for inclusion criteria. We abstracted data from selected articles, summarized them by exposures and outcomes, and assigned an evidence grade.

Results

Our search identified 37 publications from 31 studies. Socioeconomic disadvantage was consistently associated with greater central adiposity. Research to date does not provide clear evidence of an association between childhood stressors and lipids or carbohydrate metabolism-related factors.

Conclusions

This review demonstrates a paucity of research on the relationship of socioeconomic disadvantage and other social stressors to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism-related factors in youth. Accordingly, it is not possible to form strong conclusions, particularly with regard to stressors other than socioeconomic disadvantage. Findings are used to inform priorities for future research. An improved understanding of these pathways is critical for identifying novel prevention targets and intervention opportunities to protect the long-term health of children and adolescents.
Detection of atomic carbon [CII] 158 micron and dust emission from a z=7.1 quasar host galaxy
Creators: name: Venemans, B. P.
name: McMahon, R. G.
name: Walter, F.
name: Decarli, R.
name: Cox, P.
name: Neri, R.
name: Hewett, P.
name: Mortlock, D. J.
name: Simpson, C.
name: Warren, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer, we report the detection of the 158 micron [CII] emission line and underlying dust continuum in the host galaxy of the quasar ULAS J112001.48+064124.3 (hereafter J1120+0641) at z=7.0842+/-0.0004. This is the highest redshift detection of the [CII] line to date, and allows us to put first constraints on the physical properties of the host galaxy. The [CII] line luminosity is (1.2+/-0.2)x10^9 Lsun, which is a factor ~4 lower than observed in a luminous quasar at z=6.42 (SDSS J1148+5251). The underlying far-infrared (FIR) continuum has a flux density of 0.61+/-0.16 mJy, similar to the average flux density of z~6 quasars that were not individually detected in the rest-frame FIR. Assuming the FIR luminosity of L_FIR = 5.8x10^11-1.8x10^12 Lsun is mainly powered by star-formation, we derive a star-formation rate in the range 160-440 Msun/yr and a total dust mass in the host galaxy of 6.7x10^7-5.7x10^8 Msun (both numbers have significant uncertainties given the unknown nature of dust at these redshifts). The [CII] line width of sigma_V=100+/-15 km/s is among the smallest observed when compared to the molecular line widths detected in z~6 quasars. Both the [CII] and dust continuum emission are spatially unresolved at the current angular resolution of 2.0x1.7 arcsec^2 (corresponding to 10x9 kpc^2 at the redshift of J1120+0641).
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Published in ApJ Letters
The positive impact of mindfulness interventions on the explicit and implicit affective attitudes toward vegetarian foods
Creators: name: Winkelmair, Annica
name: Jansen, Petra
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mindfulness, attitudes, priming paradigm, vegetarian food, sustainable food consumption, sustainability, behavioral change, intervention study
subject: 796 Sport

description: Objectives: The main goal of our intervention study was to investigate whether two conceptually different mindfulness interventions positively impacted the explicit and implicit affective evaluations of vegetarian foods. We included possible mediating variables (e.g., wellbeing) and related our results to the stage model of self-regulated behavioral change (SSBC). Methods: We implemented a compassion and caring-based mental training (N = 31) and an adapted MBSR course (N = 34) as mindfulness interventions, and a stress-reduction course (N = 26) as the active control group. The curriculums consisted of 12 weekly group sessions á 75 min. All participants were tested pre- and post-intervention and 3 months after the last intervention session, answered questionnaires (mindfulness, compassion, wellbeing, items of the SSBC) and completed an explicit affective evaluation task and an affective priming task. Results: There was an improvement in the explicit attitudes toward vegetarian foods regardless of the intervention group. In the SSBC, we found a link between the explicit attitudes toward vegetarian foods and the indicated stage in the model. Multiple regression analysis revealed social and personal norms and a vegetarian/vegan diet as the only significant predictors for goal intention in the SSBC. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that both conceptually different mindfulness interventions, as well as a stress-reduction program, have a positive impact on explicit affective attitudes toward vegetarian foods. We highlight the meaning of inner dimensions and transformation for change processes for a more sustainable diet and the role of social and personal norms.
The Chiral Heat Effect
Creators: name: Kimura, Taro
name: Nishioka, Tatsuma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the thermal response of a (3+1)-dimensional theory with a chiral anomaly on a curved space motivated by the chiral magnetic effect. We find a new phenomenon, called the chiral heat effect, such that the thermal current is induced transverse to a gradient of the temperature even on a flat space. This effect is expected to be observed in QCD experiment as well as the chiral magnetic effect. We study a similar topological effect on the spacetime with a torsion. A holographic construction is also discussed with the D3/D7 and the Sakai-Sugimoto models.
description: 11 pages; font error corrected; published version
Sets avoiding integral distances
Creators: name: Kurz, Sascha
name: Mishkin, Valery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C10, 52A40, 51K99

description: We study open point sets in Euclidean spaces $\mathbb{R}^d$ without a pair of points an integral distance apart. By a result of Furstenberg, Katznelson, and Weiss such sets must be of Lebesgue upper density zero. We are interested in how large such sets can be in $d$-dimensional volume. We determine the lower and upper bounds for the volumes of the sets in terms of the number of their connected components and dimension, and also give some exact values. Our problem can be viewed as a kind of inverse to known problems on sets with pairwise rational or integral distances.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, and 1 table
MPEC 2023-H178 : 2023 HR4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 HR4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Alexander Christian Gakenholz
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Alexander Christian Gakenholz as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Current experimental constraints on the lightest Higgs boson mass in the constrained MSSM
Creators: name: Cao, Junjie
name: Heng, Zhaoxia
name: Li, Dongwei
name: Yang, Jin Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the parameter space of the constrained MSSM by considering various experimental constraints. For the dark matter sector, we require the neutralino dark matter to account for the relic density measured by the WMAP and satisfy the XENON limits on its scattering rate with the nucleon. For the collider constraints, we consider all relevant direct and indirect limits from LEP, Tevatron and LHC as well as the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Especially, for the limits from B_s->μ^+μ^-, we either directly consider its branching ratio with the latest LHC data or alternatively consider the double ratio of the purely leptonic decays defined by [Br(B_s->μ^+μ^-)/Br(B_u->τν_τ)]/[Br(D_s->τν_τ)/Br(D->τμ_τ)]. We find that under these constraints, the mass of the lightest Higgs boson (h) in both the CMSSM and the NUHM2 is upper bounded by about 124 GeV (126 GeV) before (after) considering its theoretical uncertainty. We also find that for these models the di-photon Higgs signal at the LHC is suppressed relative to the SM prediction, and that the lower bound of the top-squark mass goes up with m_h, reaching 600 GeV for m_h=124 GeV.
description: Version in PLB (discussion and refs added)
Improvements in comminution efficiency through high velocity impact
Creators: name: Moosavi Zadeh, Amir Bahador
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: In order to conduct efficient physical separation of a valuable mineral from an ore, the mineral in question must be liberated (broken into finer particles). Comminution, the physical process of rock breakage, accounts for a large portion (50 to 70%) of energy costs in the mining industry. Conventional comminution uses compressive forces to initiate and propagate cracks throughout the rock mass, yet it actually breaks under tension. Converting compressive forces into tensile ones is only 1 to 2 percent efficient. Blasting rock, in contrast, shows energy efficiencies of the order of 10 to 20%. This difference exists because a larger amount of forces are applied directly in tension and because the velocity of impact (and the rate of energy input ) is orders of magnitude higher (10,000 m/s versus 10 m/s). This thesis reports on studies that build on previous work that showed high strain rates achieved through high speed impact can enhance the energy efficiency of comminution. The work examines the effects of high energy input and impact speed as separate, but interconnected, phenomena to explain from where the efficiency improvement derives. The project also takes a preliminary look at rock-on-rock breakage. Magnetite samples of varying sample weights and size distributions were impacted by a projectile at various speeds. Different materials and weights of projectile were studied. Before and after each experiment, the specific surface area of the sample was measured and the energy recovered as new surface energy was calculated. The results indicate that energy efficiency increases to about 5% (over 3 times that observed in conventional comminution) as impact speed reaches the range of 200 to 300 ms⁻¹. Above this velocity, the efficiency begins to fall off although significant comminution at higher than normal efficiency is still attained. The efficiency improvement results from both increased input energy and impact speed. Suggestions are given as to how this energy improvement could be scaled-up into a Barmac crusher. Recommendations are given for a new target chamber in the UBC CERM3 high-velocity facility in which the peak efficiency point at maximum compression might be eliminated in future testwork.
title: Giovanni Galliani Coccapani
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Giovanni Galliani Coccapani as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Differential Allocation to Photosynthetic and Non-Photosynthetic Nitrogen Fractions among Native and Invasive Species
Creators: name: Funk, Jennifer L.
name: Glenwinkel, Lori Ann
name: Sack, Lawren
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Leaves
Photosynthesis
Introduced organisms
Biochemistry

description: Invasive species are expected to cluster on the “high-return” end of the leaf economic spectrum, displaying leaf traits consistent with higher carbon assimilation relative to native species. Intra-leaf nitrogen (N) allocation should support these physiological differences; however, N biochemistry has not been examined in more than a few invasive species. We measured 34 leaf traits including seven leaf N pools for five native and five invasive species from Hawaii under low irradiance to mimic the forest understory environment. We found several trait differences between native and invasive species. In particular, invasive species showed preferential N allocation to metabolism (amino acids) rather than photosynthetic light reactions (membrane-bound protein) by comparison with native species. The soluble protein concentration did not vary between groups. Under these low irradiance conditions, native species had higher light-saturated photosynthetic rates, possibly as a consequence of a greater investment in membrane-bound protein. Invasive species may succeed by employing a wide range of N allocation mechanisms, including higher amino acid production for fast growth under high irradiance or storage of N in leaves as soluble protein or amino acids.
Crossover from Isotropic to Directed Percolation
Creators: name: Zhou, Zongzheng
name: Yang, Ji
name: Ziff, Robert M.
name: Deng, Youjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the directed percolation (DP) model by relaxing the strict directionality of DP such that propagation can occur in either direction but with anisotropic probabilities. We denote the probabilities as $p_{\downarrow}= p \cdot p_d$ and $p_{\uparrow}=p \cdot (1-p_d)$, with $p $ representing the average occupation probability and $p_d$ controlling the anisotropy. The Leath-Alexandrowicz method is used to grow a cluster from an active seed site. We call this model with two main growth directions {\em biased directed percolation} (BDP). Standard isotropic percolation (IP) and DP are the two limiting cases of the BDP model, corresponding to $p_d=1/2$ and $p_d=0,1$ respectively. In this work, besides IP and DP, we also consider the $1/2
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Comparison of Treatment Effect Estimates for Pharmacological Randomized Controlled Trials Enrolling Older Adults Only and Those including Adults: A Meta-Epidemiological Study
Creators: name: Seegers, Valérie
name: Trinquart, Ludovic
name: Boutron, Isabelle
name: Ravaud, Philippe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Meta-analysis
Systematic reviews (Medical research)
Older people
Medicine

description: Context

Older adults are underrepresented in clinical research. To assess therapeutic efficacy in older patients, some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) include older adults only.

Objective

To compare treatment effects between RCTs including older adults only (elderly RCTs) and RCTs including all adults (adult RCTs) by a meta-epidemiological approach.

Methods

All systematic reviews published in the Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2011) were screened. Eligible studies were meta-analyses of binary outcomes of pharmacologic treatment including at least one elderly RCT and at least one adult RCT. For each meta-analysis, we compared summary odds ratios for elderly RCTs and adult RCTs by calculating a ratio of odds ratios (ROR). A summary ROR was estimated across all meta-analyses.

Results

We selected 55 meta-analyses including 524 RCTs (17% elderly RCTs). The treatment effects differed beyond that expected by chance for 7 (13%) meta-analyses, showing more favourable treatment effects in elderly RCTs in 5 cases and in adult RCTs in 2 cases. The summary ROR was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.77–1.08, p = 0.28), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 51% and τ2 = 0.14). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses by type-of-age RCT (elderly RCTs vs RCTs excluding older adults and vs RCTs of mixed-age adults), type of outcome (mortality or other) and type of comparator (placebo or active drug) yielded similar results.

Conclusions

The efficacy of pharmacologic treatments did not significantly differ, on average, between RCTs including older adults only and RCTs of all adults. However, clinically important discrepancies may occur and should be considered when generalizing evidence from all adults to older adults.
title: Johann Gamans S.J.
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Johann Gamans S.J. as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Domenico Gamberti S.J.
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Domenico Gamberti S.J. as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's