cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radiative Habitable Zones in Martian Polar Environments
Creators: name: Cordoba-Jabonero, C.
name: Zorzano, M. -P.
name: Selsis, F.
name: Patel, M. R.
name: Cockell, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The biologically damaging solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (quantified by the DNA-weighted dose) reaches the Martian surface in extremely high levels. Searching for potentially habitable UV-protected environments on Mars, we considered the polar ice caps that consist of a seasonally varying CO2 ice cover and a permanent H2O ice layer. It was found that, though the CO2 ice is insufficient by itself to screen the UV radiation, at 1 m depth within the perennial H2O ice the DNA-weighted dose is reduced to terrestrial levels. This depth depends strongly on the optical properties ofthe H2O ice layers (for instance snow-lile layes). The Earth-like DNA-weighted dose and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) requirements were used to define the upper and lower limits of the nortern and southern polar radiative habitable zone (RHZ) for which a temporal and spatial mapping was performed. Based on these studies we conclude that phtosynthetic life might be possible within the ice layers of the polar regions. The thickness varies along each Martian polar spring and summer between 1.5 m and 2.4 m for H2= ice-like layers, and a few centimeters for snow-like covers. These Martian Earth-like radiative habitable environments may be primary targets for future Martian astrobiological missions. Special attention should be paid to planetary protection, since the polar RHZ may also be subject to terrestrial contamination by probes.
description: 44 pages, 8 figures
Properties of Stars in the Subaru Deep Field
Creators: name: Richmond, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of objects in the Subaru Deep Field (SDF), using public catalogs constructed from images in several optical passbands. Using a small subset of objects most likely to be stars, we construct a stellar locus in three-dimensional color space. We then compare the position of all objects relative to this locus to create larger samples of stars in the SDF with rough spectral types. The number counts of stars defined in this way are consistent with those of current models of the Galaxy.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, to appear in PASJ vol 57, number 6 (Dec 2005). Additional data available at http://spiff.rit.edu/sdf
AN ASSET-RISK MODEL OF REVERSE TENANCY
Creators: name: Bellemare, Marc F.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Bellemare, Marc F.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Reverse tenancy, wherein poorer landlords rent out land to richer tenants on shares, is a common phenomenon. Yet, it does not fit existing theoretical models of sharecropping and has never before been modeled in the development microeconomics literature. We explain reverse tenancy contracts using an asset risk model that incorporates moral hazard. When choosing the terms of an agrarian contract, the landlord considers the impact of her choice on the probability that she will retain future rights to the rented land. Thus, this model captures the effect of tenure insecurity and property rights on agrarian contracts. The main testable implication of the theoretical model is that, as property rights become more secure, reverse tenancy tends to disappear.
Additional file 2 of Boosting toxic protein biosynthesis: transient in vivo inactivation of engineered bacterial alkaline phosphatase
Creators: name: Krawczun, Natalia
name: Bielawa, Marta
name: Kasjan Szemiako
name: Łubkowska, Beata
name: Sobolewski, Ireneusz
name: Zylicz-Stachula, Agnieszka
name: Skowron, Piotr M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 2. Map of pBAD_BAP1.
Stable nonlinear modes sustained by gauge fields
Creators: name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Konotop, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal the universal effect of gauge fields on the existence, evolution, and stability of solitons in the spinor multidimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Focusing on the two-dimensional case, we show that when gauge field can be split in a pure gauge and a \rtext{non-pure gauge} generating \rtext{effective potential}, the roles of these components in soliton dynamics are different: the \btext{localization characteristics} of emerging states are determined by the curvature, while pure gauge affects the stability of the modes. Respectively the solutions can be exactly represented as the envelopes independent of the pure gauge, modulating stationary carrier-mode states, which are independent of the curvature. Our central finding is that nonzero curvature can lead to the existence of unusual modes, in particular, enabling stable localized self-trapped fundamental and vortex-carrying states in media with constant repulsive interactions without additional external confining potentials and even in the expulsive external traps.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. (accepted https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/a307eY5eCfb1f26f20cf4bc7d505a49299b9fed1e)
THE IMPORTANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SPREAD OF PRIVATE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Creators: name: Pray, Carl E.
name: Govindasamy, Ramu
name: Courtmanche, Ann
name: Pray, Carl E.
name: Govindasamy, Ramu
name: Courtmanche, Ann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the current status of research and commercial use of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide and to quantify the importance of various policies, particularly intellectual property rights, to the spread of biotechnology research and commercial products. Data collected for this paper show that most of the applied agricultural biotech research is conducted by the private sector of which a substantial portion is by multinational corporations. Econometric analysis of this data finds that plant breeders' rights and the ability to patent plants are associated with the spread of applied biotech research.
Additional file 9 of Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues’ microbiomes
Creators: name: Dunaj, Sara J.
name: Bettencourt, Brian R.
name: Garb, Jessica E.
name: Brucker, Robert M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 9: Table S5. Listings of ovary gland (a) and fat tissue (b) specific microbiota.
Green In-Mold Electronics Using Biopolymers
Creators: name: Fazlali, Zahra
name: Schaubroeck, David
name: Cauwe, Maarten
name: Erkoç, Mustafa
name: Vanfleteren, Jan
name: Cardon, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The concept of In-Mold Electronics (IME) is an emerging technology in which flexible electronic circuits are integrated into plastic parts during the molding process. Several industries such as automotive and healthcare are using this technology due to its lightweight, cost-effective, and aesthetically pleasing features. The increasing demand for these products contributes to the growing problem of electronic waste (E-waste) at the end of life. In this work, the injection molded polymer is replaced by a biopolymer. Biopolymers are typically derived from renewable resources such as plants or microorganisms. By incorporating biopolymers, we can potentially minimize the environmental impact associated with electronic waste:• Electronics production will have a lower ecological footprint in terms of energy consumption and CO2 footprint. • The biopolymer can be separated from the flexible circuit and components by solvolysis.• Copper and other (precious) metals can be recycled.• Components can potentially be reused.In this study, a polyimide-copper (PI/Cu) flexible circuit was embedded into polylactic acid (PLA) using injection molding technology. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bio-based and biodegradable thermoplastic derived from sugarcane or corn. The technology was approved by showing the functionality of two different types of test circuits. First a demonstrator in which LEDs were powered wirelessly by an NFC antenna and chip. The NFC chip and LEDs are soldered on the flexible circuit foil. Second, a circuit with zero-ohm resistor components assembled on the flexible foil.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND LAND ALLOCATION
Creators: name: Moreno, Georgina
name: Sunding, David L.
name: Moreno, Georgina
name: Sunding, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The paper considers the econometric modeling of technology adoption when crop choice is simultaneous. Bivariate probit is used to estimate a model of irrigation technology choice and land allocation using a unique field-level data set from California's Central Valley. Special attention is paid to the proper calculation of marginal effects in the bivariate probit model, which are often useful for policy purposes. Estimation results confirm that the choices of irrigation technology and land allocation are simultaneous. With regard to the influence of price incentives on agricultural water use, estimation results from the bivariate probit model indicate that the influence of water price on the adoption of precision irrigation technology is much larger than previously realized. A univariate model of technology choice that treats land allocation as exogenous underestimates the effect of water price on the adoption of precision technology by over 40 percent.
Additional file 1 of Boosting toxic protein biosynthesis: transient in vivo inactivation of engineered bacterial alkaline phosphatase
Creators: name: Krawczun, Natalia
name: Bielawa, Marta
name: Kasjan Szemiako
name: Łubkowska, Beata
name: Sobolewski, Ireneusz
name: Zylicz-Stachula, Agnieszka
name: Skowron, Piotr M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 1. Nucleotide and aa sequences of the His6-BAP ORF. The genetic map was prepared using SnapGene software version 4.1 ( http://www.snapgene.com ).
Theoretical understanding of the quasiparticle dispersion in bilayer high-$T_{c}$ superconductors
Creators: name: Li, Jian-Xin
name: Zhou, T.
name: Wang, Z. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalization of quasiparticle (QP) dispersion in bilayer high-$T_{c}$ cuprates is investigated theoretically by examining respectively the interactions of the QP with spin fluctuations (SF) and phonons. It is illustrated that both interactions are able to give rise to a kink in the dispersion around the antinodes (near $(π,0)$). However, remarkable differences between the two cases are found for the peak/dip/hump structure in the lineshape, the QP weight, and the interlayer coupling effect on the kink, which are suggested to serve as a discriminance to single out the dominant interaction in the superconducting state. A comparison to recent photoemission experiments shows clearly that the coupling to the spin resonance is dominant for the QP around antinodes in bilayer systems.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Temperature Dependent Na-ion Conduction and its Pathways in the Crystal Structure of the Layered Battery Material Na$_2$Ni$_2$TeO$_6$
Creators: name: Bera, A. K.
name: Yusuf, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Na-ion conduction, and correlations between Na-ion conduction pathways and crystal structure have been investigated as a function of temperature in the layered battery material Na2Ni2TeO6 by impedance spectroscopy and neutron diffraction, respectively. The impedance data reveal an ionic conductivity 2x10-4 S/m at 323 K which strongly enhances with increasing temperature and attains a high value of ~ 0.03 S/m at 423 K. The temperature dependent conductivity data show an Arrhenius type behavior with average activation energy (Ea) of ~ 0.58(3) eV for T > 383 K. By employing soft-bond valence sum analysis of the neutron diffraction patterns we experimentally demonstrate the site-specific Na-ion conductions, through visualization of microscopic sodium-ion conduction pathways, and verify the recent theoretical results of Molecular dynamic simulation. Our results reveal two-dimensional Na-ion conduction pathways that are confined within the ab planes of Na layers. Crystal structural study indicates that the layered structure involving Na ion layers is responsible for high ionic conductivity, and the local crystallographic environment of Na ion sites is responsible for site-specific conductivity. Our study further reveals that up to 500 K, the ionic conduction is governed by the Na ions located at the Na1 and Na2 sites, whereas, all the Na ions located at the three Na-sites contribute to the conduction process above 500 K. Our neutron diffraction study also establishes that the crystal structure of Na2Ni2TeO6 is stable at least up to 725 K (the highest measured temperature), however, with an anisotropic thermal expansion (c/a ~ 3).
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
POLLUTION TRADING TO OFFSET NEW POLLUTANT LOADINGS -- A CASE STUDY IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER BASIN
Creators: name: Fang, Feng
name: Easter, K. William
name: Fang, Feng
name: Easter, K. William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper investigates the economic and environmental cost-effectiveness of two point-nonpoint source water pollution trading projects under the NPDES framework in the Minnesota River Basin. It was found that while transaction costs were substantial, trades involving long lifetime structural nonpoint source controls could still offer cost savings to point sources.
Missing physics in stick-slip dynamics of a model for peeling of an adhesive tape
Creators: name: De, Rumi
name: Ananthakrishna, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now known that the equations of motion for the contact point during peeling of an adhesive tape mounted on a roll introduced earlier are singular and do not support dynamical jumps across the two stable branches of the peel force function. By including the kinetic energy of the tape in the Lagrangian, we derive equations of motion that support stick-slip jumps as a natural consequence of the inherent dynamics. In the low mass limit, these equations reproduce solutions obtained using a differential-algebraic algorithm introduced for the earlier equations. Our analysis also shows that mass of the ribbon has a strong influence on the nature of the dynamics.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E (Rapid Communication)
POLITICS, ECONOMICS AND THE REGULATION OF DIRECT INTERSTATE SHIPPING IN THE WINE INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Riekhof, Gina
name: Sykuta, Michael E.
name: Riekhof, Gina
name: Sykuta, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: In 1986, the State of California passed legislation restricting the direct importation of wine from another state by California residents unless the originating state allowed the reciprocal privilege of direct shipment from California wineries to residents in that state. This proved to be the opening salvo in a series of legislative and judicial battles across the country. State direct shipment regulations that were uniform across 47 of the 50 states prior to 1986 now constitute a patchwork of regulations. This raises unique interstate trade questions due to the special treatment of alcohol in the U.S. Constitution. While the Commerce Clause forbids states from discriminating against interstate commerce, the 21st Amendment affords states the right to regulate alcohol within their borders. Courts are divided in their opinions on direct shipment regulation; some find that prohibiting direct shipment unconstitutionally restricts interstate commerce while others find the regulations consistent with the public interest rationale of the 21st Amendment. This paper attempts to shed light on the motivations for the various forms of regulation adopted across states in response to California's adoption of reciprocity. Using a competing risks hazard model, we examine how various economic and public interest factors affect the speed with which a state adopts a change in its direct shipment regulation and that nature of that change. Our results suggest that economic considerations, not public interest factors, lie at the root of direct shipment regulations in the wine industry.
Propagation of Memory Parameter from Durations to Counts
Creators: name: Deo, Rohit
name: Hurvich, Clifford M.
name: Soulier, Philippe
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F17 60G55

description: We establish sufficient conditions on durations that are stationary with finite variance and memory parameter $d \in [0,1/2)$ to ensure that the corresponding counting process $N(t)$ satisfies $\textmd{Var} N(t) \sim C t^{2d+1}$ ($C>0$) as $t \to \infty$, with the same memory parameter $d \in [0,1/2)$ that was assumed for the durations. Thus, these conditions ensure that the memory in durations propagates to the same memory parameter in counts and therefore in realized volatility. We then show that any utoregressive Conditional Duration ACD(1,1) model with a sufficient number of finite moments yields short memory in counts, while any Long Memory Stochastic Duration model with $d>0$ and all finite moments yields long memory in counts, with the same $d$.
Deciphering the properties of the central engine in GRB collapsars
Creators: name: Petropoulou, M.
name: Beniamini, P.
name: Vasilopoulos, G.
name: Giannios, D.
name: Duran, R. Barniol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The central engine in long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is thought to be a compact object produced by the core collapse of massive stars, but its exact nature (black hole or millisecond magnetar) is still debatable. Although the central engine of GRB collapsars is hidden to direct observation, its properties may be imprinted on the accompanying electromagnetic signals. We aim to decipher the generic properties of central engines that are consistent with prompt observations of long GRBs detected by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Adopting a generic model for the central engine, in which the engine power and activity timescale are independent of each other, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of long GRBs produced by jets that successfully breakout from the star. Our simulations consider the dependence of the jet breakout timescale on the engine luminosity and the effects of the detector's flux threshold. The two-dimensional (2D) distribution of simulated detectable bursts in the gamma-ray luminosity versus gamma-ray duration plane is consistent with the observed one for a range of parameter values describing the central engine. The intrinsic 2D distribution of simulated collapsar GRBs peaks at lower gamma-ray luminosities and longer durations than the observed one, a prediction that can be tested in the future with more sensitive detectors. Black-hole accretors, whose power and activity time are set by the large-scale magnetic flux through the progenitor star and stellar structure, respectively, are compatible with the properties of the central engine inferred by our model.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 8 of Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues’ microbiomes
Creators: name: Dunaj, Sara J.
name: Bettencourt, Brian R.
name: Garb, Jessica E.
name: Brucker, Robert M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 8: Tables S4. Listings of venom gland (a) and silk gland (b) specific microbiota.
ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NEW OR RECENTLY EXPANDED MANUFACTURING AND EXPORTABLE SERVICE FIRMS IN NORTH DAKOTA
Creators: name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: economic development
subject: economic impact
subject: job creation
subject: local hiring
subject: expenditures

description: This study examines the economic impacts that have resulted from new or recently expanded North Dakota firms in three sectors (agricultural processing, other manufacturing, and exportable services), addressing such dimensions as number of jobs created, compensation paid to employees, and the expenditures made to entities within the local area and elsewhere in the state. Information was obtained from a questionnaire completed by 42 new or recently expanded firms. The responding firms had added an average of 29 jobs from 1990 to 1996. General labor was the job category accounting for the largest number of workers overall (52 percent), followed by skilled labor (16 percent) and management (12 percent). About 65 percent of the firms' new jobs have been filled with workers hired from the local area. The percentages of workers hired locally were highest in the skilled labor, management, and clerical job categories and lowest in the machinist/welder, engineering, and sales job categories. Average levels of compensation reported by the firms surveyed were similar to those reported by Job Service of North Dakota in a recent statewide study. The firms' annual expenditures within North Dakota averaged about $47,000 per worker, of which about 91 percent represented payments to individuals and entities within the local region. Expenditures within North Dakota per worker ranged from $40,391 for exportable services firms to $52,034 for manufacturing firms (other than agricultural processing).
Atmospheric Temperature Inversions and He I 5876 Core Profile Structure in White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Klein, Beth
name: Blouin, Simon
name: Romani, Diego
name: Zuckerman, B.
name: Melis, Carl
name: Xu, Siyi
name: Dufour, P.
name: Genest-Beaulieu, C.
name: Bédard, A.
name: Jura, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report distinctive core profiles in the strongest optical helium line, He I 5876, from high-resolution high-sensitivity observations of spectral type DB white dwarfs. By analyzing a sample of 40 stars from Keck/HIRES and VLT/UVES, we find the core appearance to be related to the degree of hydrogen and heavy element content in the atmosphere. New Ca K-line measurements or upper limits are reported for about half the sample stars. He I 5876 emission cores with a self-reversed central component are present for those stars with relatively low hydrogen abundance, as well as relatively low atmospheric heavy element pollution. This self-reversed structure disappears for stars with higher degrees of pollution and/or hydrogen abundance, giving way to a single absorption core. From our model atmospheres, we show that the self-reversed emission cores can be explained by temperature inversions in the upper atmosphere. We propose that the transition to a single absorption core is due to the additional opacity from hydrogen and heavy elements that inhibits the temperature inversions. Our current models do not exactly match the effective temperature range of the phenomenon nor the amplitude of the self-reversed structure, which is possibly a result of missing physics such as 3D treatment, convective overshoot, and/or non-LTE effects. The He I 5876 line structure may prove to be a useful new diagnostic for calibrating temperature profiles in DB atmosphere models.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 16 pages, 10 figures
Hydrodynamic Winds From Twin-Star Binaries
Creators: name: MacLeod, Morgan
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar winds shape the evolution of stars through the loss of mass. In binary systems, they also shape the stars' evolution by modifying the orbit. In this paper, we use hydrodynamic simulations to study the emergence of nearly-isothermal winds from identical-twin binaries. We vary the degree to which model stars fill their Roche lobes and the temperature of the wind. Initialized at rest on the stellar surfaces, winds accelerate away from the binary components through a sonic surface to supersonic outward velocities. In cases where the binary fills its Roche lobe, a shared subsonic region surrounds both components. We find that mass loss rates from close twin-star binaries are enhanced relative to the expectation from two single-object winds. This binary enhancement is best modeled as a function of the ratio of wind velocity to orbital velocity. Similarly, we find that the specific angular momentum with which winds emerge can vary between that of the binary components and that of the outer Lagrange points depending on the ratio of wind velocity to orbital velocity. Given that mass and angular momentum loss can be modeled as simple functions of wind velocity, our results may be broadly applicable to the evolution of close, equal-mass binaries. One particularly important potential application is to massive, close binaries which may be progenitors of binary black hole mergers through the chemically-homogeneous evolution channel.
description: Submitted to AAS Journals for review -- we welcome comments and feedback. Software to reproduce simulation analysis as well as extended figure sets are available at https://github.com/morganemacleod/TwinWinds Raw data release is also being arranged as soon as possible via zenodo, will be linked from github
AN ANALYSIS OF 1999 GROSS RETURNS FOR SMALL GRAINS IN NORTH DAKOTA
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: net farm income
subject: crop losses
subject: weather conditions

description: North Dakota gross returns from HRS wheat, durum wheat, and barley declined in 1999, relative to the expected gross returns, due to adverse weather conditions and low prices. The total gross return reductions in 1999 was estimated to be $361 million, which was divided into $51 million from weather and disease and $329 million from lower-than-average prices. Gross return reductions were largest in Region 1 (Northwest), followed by Regions 3 (Northeast) and 6 (East Central). HRS wheat accounted for the largest income loss, followed by durum and barley. However, total net farm income increased in 1999 relative to 1998, because of government payments and crop insurance.
Dynamic hysteresis in Finemet thin films
Creators: name: Santi, L.
name: Sommer, R. L.
name: Magni, A.
name: Durin, G.
name: Colaiori, F.
name: Zapperi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed a series of dynamic hysteresis measurements on three series of Finemet films with composition Fe$_{73.5}$Cu$_1$Nb$_3$Si$_13.5$B$_9$, using both the longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and the inductive fluxometric method. The MOKE dynamic hysteresis loops show a more marked variability with the frequency than the inductive ones, while both measurements show a similar dependence on the square root of frequency. We analyze these results in the frame of a simple domain wall depinning model, which accounts for the general behavior of the data.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 5 of Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues’ microbiomes
Creators: name: Dunaj, Sara J.
name: Bettencourt, Brian R.
name: Garb, Jessica E.
name: Brucker, Robert M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 5: Figure S2. QIIME 2 Microbial Alpha-Diversity Plots. Alpha-Rarefaction results for Faith-PD (a), Observed OTUs (b), and Shannon Index (c) with Depth of Coverage at 8000 rarified sequences.
Cho-Faddeev-Niemi decomposition of lattice Yang-Mills theory and evidence of a novel magnetic condensation
Creators: name: Shibata, Akihiro
name: Kondo, Kei-Ichi
name: Kato, Seikou
name: Murakami, Takeharu
name: Shinohara, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first implementation of the Cho--Faddeev--Niemi ecomposition of the SU(2) Yang-Mills field on a lattice. Our construction retains the color symmetry (global SU(2) gauge invariance) even after a new type of Maximally Abelian gauge, as explicitly demonstrated by numerical simulations.
description: Talk presented at Lattice 2005 (topology and confinement)
Laser-Like Waves Amplification in Straits
Creators: name: Pushkarev, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the research of ocean surface wind waves excitation in non-homogeneous situations, on the example of deep water strait in presence of the constant wind, blowing perpendicular to the coastal line. The used statistical wave model is based on Hasselmann equation with high-wavenumbers wave-breaking dissipation, exact nonlinear four-waves interaction and ZRP wind input term. At the first stage, the waves propagate in the wind direction in a step-like moving front manner, which is the combination of self-similar fetch-limited and duration-limited solutions of Hasselmann equation. The second stage begins further, when sufficient amount of wave energy is concentrated at the incoming waves shore line. Beginning with that time, the nonlinear wave interactions start formation of the wave groups, propagating across and against the wind. Despite the absence of long-wave dissipation, the system asymptotically evolves into complicated quasi-stationary state, comprising of the self-similar ``wind sea'' in the wind direction, and quasi-monochromatic waves, radiated close to orthogonally with respect to the wind, while slightly tilting counter the wind direction with the angle increasing toward the wave turbulence origination shore line, and reaching $15^{\circ}$ close to it. The total wave energy in the asymptotic state surpasses the wave sea energy propagating along the wind by two times due to the presence of quasi-orthogonal and counter the wind wave fields. The very similar turbulence structure was previously observed experimentally, this paper presents theoretical explanation of these results. It is suggested to name this laser-like radiation phenomenon by Nonlinear Ocean Waves Amplifier, simplified to the abbreviation NOWA.
A Magellanic Origin for the Warp of the Galaxy
Creators: name: Weinberg, Martin D.
name: Blitz, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a Magellanic Cloud origin for the warp of the Milky Way can explain most quantitative features of the outer HI layer recently identified by Levine, Blitz & Heiles (2005). We construct a model similar to that of Weinberg (1998) that produces distortions in the dark matter halo, and we calculate the combined effect of these dark-halo distortions and the direct tidal forcing by the Magellanic Clouds on the disk warp in the linear regime. The interaction of the dark matter halo with the disk and resonances between the orbit of the Clouds and the disk account for the large amplitudes observed for the vertical m=0,1,2 harmonics. The observations lead to six constraints on warp forcing mechanisms and our model reasonably approximates all six. The disk is shown to be very dynamic, constantly changing its shape as the Clouds proceed along their orbit. We discuss the challenges to MOND placed by the observations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters. Additional graphics, 3d visualizations and movies available at http://www.astro.umass.edu/~weinberg/lmc
Near-infrared emission lines trace the state-independent accretion disc wind of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
Creators: name: Sánchez-Sierras, Javier
name: Muñoz-Darias, Teo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The black hole transient MAXI J1820+070 displayed optical P-Cyg profiles and other wind-related emission line features during the hard state of its discovery outburst. We present near-infrared (nIR) spectroscopy covering the different accretion states of the system during this event. Our 8-epoch data set (VLT/X-shooter) reveals strong variability in the properties of the nIR emission lines. This includes the presence of absorption troughs and extended emission line wings with kinetic properties that are remarkably similar to those inferred from the wind signatures observed in optical emission lines, indicating that they are most likely tracing the same accretion disc wind. Unlike the optical features, these nIR signatures are not exclusive of the hard state, as they are also witnessed across the soft state with similar observational properties. This supports the presence of a relatively steady outflow during the entire outburst of the system, and represents the first detection of an accretion disc wind in a black hole soft state at energies other than X-rays. We discuss the visibility of the wind as a function of the spectral band and the potential of nIR spectroscopy for wind studies, in particular during luminous accretion phases.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Additional file 7 of Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues’ microbiomes
Creators: name: Dunaj, Sara J.
name: Bettencourt, Brian R.
name: Garb, Jessica E.
name: Brucker, Robert M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 7: Figure S4. QIIME 2 Alpha Diversity Group Significance Testing. Box plots of alphadiversity tests grouped by base sample type. Overall Kruskal-Wallis p-value = 0.00028 (for all groups). (a) Observed OTUs, (b) Faith Phylogenetic-Diversity Index, (c) Shannon Index, (d) Pielou Evenness Index.
The Reversible Phase Transition of DNA-Linked Colloidal Gold Assemblies
Creators: name: Sun, Young
name: Harris, Nolan C.
name: Kiang, Ching-Hwa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present direct evidence for a reversible phase transition of DNA-linked colloidal gold assemblies. Transmission electron microscopy and optical absorption spectroscopy are used to monitor the colloidal gold phase transition, whose behavior is dominated by DNA interactions. We use single-stranded DNA-capped colloidal gold that is linked by complementary linker DNA to form the assemblies. We found that, compared to free DNA, a sharp melting transition is observed for the DNA-linked colloidal gold assemblies. The structure of the assemblies is non-crystalline, much like a gel phase, consistent with theoretical predictions. Optical spectra and melting curves provide additional evidence of gelation of the colloidal system. The phase transition and separation are examples of percolation in a dilute solvent.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, Physica A (2005) to appear. Updated figures
6D Muon Ionization Cooling with an Inverse Cyclotron
Creators: name: Summers, D. J.
name: Bracker, S. B.
name: Cremaldi, L. M.
name: Godang, R.
name: Palmer, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large admittance sector cyclotron filled with LiH wedges surrounded by helium or hydrogen gas is explored. Muons are cooled as they spiral adiabatically into a central swarm. As momentum approaches zero, the momentum spread also approaches zero. Long bunch trains coalesce. Energy loss is used to inject the muons into the outer rim of the cyclotron. The density of material in the cyclotron decreases adiabatically with radius. The sector cyclotron magnetic fields are transformed into an azimuthally symmetric magnetic bottle in the center. Helium gas is used to inhibit muonium formation by positive muons. Deuterium gas is used to allow captured negative muons to escape via the muon catalyzed fusion process. The presence of ionized gas in the center may automatically neutralize space charge. When a bunch train has coalesced into a central swarm, it is ejected axially with an electric kicker pulse.
description: Five pages. LaTeX, three postscript figure files. To appear in the AIP Conference Proceedings for COOL05: International Workshop on Beam Cooling, Galena, IL, 18-23 Sept. 2005
Additional file 6 of Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues’ microbiomes
Creators: name: Dunaj, Sara J.
name: Bettencourt, Brian R.
name: Garb, Jessica E.
name: Brucker, Robert M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 6: Figure S3. Taxa Plots per Tissue Type – Level 3, Class. Major microbial constituents by class (> 2%) within each whole spider and tissue sample for each species (replicates grouped via mean-ceiling). Sample types as follows: Whole Spiders, Cephalothorax, Venom Glands, Ovary, Silk Glands, and Fat Tissue.
The Heart of Entanglement: Chiral, Nematic, and Incommensurate Phases in the Kitaev-Gamma Ladder in a Field
Creators: name: Sørensen, Erik S.
name: Catuneanu, Andrei
name: Gordon, Jacob
name: Kee, Hae-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bond-dependent Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice with anyonic excitations has recently attracted considerable attention. However, in solid state materials other spin interactions are present, and among such additional interactions, the off-diagonal symmetric Gamma interaction, another type of bond-dependent term, has been particularly challenging to fully understand. A minimal Kitaev-Gamma (KG) model has been investigated by various numerical techniques under a magnetic field, but definite conclusions about field-induced spin liquids remain elusive and one reason may lie in the limited sizes of the two-dimensional geometry it is possible to access numerically. We therefore focus on the KG model defined on a two-leg ladder which is much more amenable to a complete study, and determine the entire phase diagram in the presence of a magnetic field along [111]-direction. Due to the competition between the interactions and the field, an extremely rich phase diagram emerges with fifteen distinct phases. Focusing near the antiferromagnetic Kitaev region, we identify nine different phases solely within this region: several incommensurate magnetically ordered phases, spin nematic, and two chiral phases with enhanced entanglement. Of particular interest is a highly entangled phase with staggered chirality with zero-net flux occurring at intermediate field, which along with its companion phases outline a heart-shaped region of high entanglement, the heart of entanglement. We compare our results for the ladder with a C3 symmetric cluster of the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, and offer insights into possible spin liquids in the two-dimensional limit.
description: 23 pages 28 figures
Factorization of finite temperature graphs in thermal QED
Creators: name: Brandt, Fernando T.
name: Das, Ashok
name: Espinosa, Olivier
name: Frenkel, Josif
name: Perez, Silvana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend our previous analysis of gauge and Dirac fields in the presence of a chemical potential. We consider an alternate thermal operator which relates in a simple way the Feynman graphs in QED at finite temperature and charge density to those at zero temperature but non-zero chemical potential. Several interesting features of such a factorization are discussed in the context of the thermal photon and fermion self-energies.
description: 4 pages
SINGLE-DESK SELLING OF CANADIAN BARLEY: PRICE POOLING, PRICE DISCRIMINATION, AND SYSTEMIC COSTS
Creators: name: Johnson, D. Demcey
name: Johnson, D. Demcey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: barley
subject: Canadian Wheat Board
subject: grain trade

description: An optimization model is used to evaluate the implications of single-desk selling of Canadian barley for trade flows and producer welfare. Effects on U.S. imports and barley prices are also considered.
Additional file 3 of Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues’ microbiomes
Creators: name: Dunaj, Sara J.
name: Bettencourt, Brian R.
name: Garb, Jessica E.
name: Brucker, Robert M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Sequencing Primers.
Starburst Driven Thermal and Non-thermal Structures in the Galactic Center Region
Creators: name: Yusef-Zadeh, F.
name: Cotton, W.
name: Hewitt, J.
name: Law, C.
name: Maddalena, R.
name: Roberts, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly review the prominent thermal and nonthermal sources near the Galactic center. These sources include the young stellar clusters, the Sgr B complex as well as the large-scale nonthermal filaments and lobes. Some of the recent radio images of this region based on VLA and Green Bank Telescope observations are also presented. We then argue that the origin of the large-scale features within the inner two degrees of the Galactic center is tied to a past starburst activity in the nucleus of the Galaxy.
description: 5 pages, 4 jpg files
Trojan pairs in the HD 128311 and HD 82943 planetary systems?
Creators: name: Gozdziewski, Krzysztof
name: Konacki, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two nearby stars, HD 128311 and HD 82943, are believed to host pairs of Jupiter-like planets involved in a strong first order 2:1 mean motion resonance (MMR). In this work we reanalyze available radial velocity (RV) measurements and demonstrate that it is also possible to explain the observed RV variations of the parents stars as being induced by a pair of Trojan planets (i.e., in a 1:1 MMR). We show that these Trojan configurations reside in extended zones of stability in which such systems may easily survive in spite of large masses of the planets, large eccentricities and nonzero mutual inclinations of their orbits. We also show that HD 82943 could harbor a previously unknown third planet about of 0.5 Jupiter masses in 2.1 AU orbit.
description: 18 pages (total), 17 figures in low resolution format suitable for arXiv, revised version resubmitted to ApJ. The preprint with high resolution images is available from http://www.astri.uni.torun.pl/~chris/astroph.0510109v2.ps.gz
High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the stellar wind in Vela X-1 during a flare
Creators: name: Lomaeva, M.
name: Grinberg, V.
name: Guainazzi, M.
name: Hell, N.
name: Bianchi, S.
name: Kühnel, M. Bissinger né
name: Fürst, F.
name: Kretschmar, P.
name: Martínez-Chicharro, M.
name: Martínez-Núñez, S.
name: Torrejón, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a $\sim$130 ks observation of the prototypical wind-accreting, high-mass X-ray binary Vela X-1 collected with XMM-Newton at orbital phases between 0.12 and 0.28. A strong flare took place during the observation that allows us to investigate the reaction of the clumpy stellar wind to the increased X-ray irradiation. To examine the wind's reaction to the flare, we performed both time-averaged and time-resolved analyses of the RGS spectrum and examined potential spectral changes. We focused on the high-resolution XMM-Newton RGS spectra and divided the observation into pre-flare, flare, and post-flare phases. We modeled the time-averaged and time-resolved spectra with phenomenological components and with the self-consistent photoionization models calculated via CLOUDY and XSTAR in the pre-flare phase, where strong emission lines due to resonant transitions of highly ionized ions are seen. In the spectra, we find emission lines corresponding to K-shell transitions in highly charged ions of oxygen, neon, magnesium, and silicon as well as radiative recombination continua (RRC) of oxygen. Additionally, we observe potential absorption lines of magnesium at a lower ionization stage and features identified as iron L lines. The CLOUDY and XSTAR photoionization models provide contradictory results, either pointing towards uncertainties in theory or possibly a more complex multi-phase plasma, or both. We are able to demonstrate the existence of a plethora of variable narrow features, including the firm detection of oxygen lines and RRC that RGS enables to observe in this source for the first time. We show that Vela X-1 is an ideal source for future high-resolution missions, such as XRISM and Athena.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, A&A accepted
Non-factorizable corrections to Higgs production in Vector Boson Fusion
Creators: name: Long, Ming-Ming
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2024

description: In this report, we present a summary of two recent calculations of the non-factorizable corrections to Higgs production via Vector Boson Fusion at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD. Our findings include the first power correction to the leading-eikonal approximation. This new subleading contribution alters the current estimate of non-factorizable corrections by approximately 20 percent. Additionally, we demonstrate that the significant renormalization scale dependence can be mitigated by incorporating the three-loop fermion-bubble corrections, which account for the effects of the running coupling constant.