cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Financial Characteristics of North Dakota Farms 2001-2010
Creators: name: Swenson, Andrew L.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Farm financial management
subject: farm management
subject: farm income
subject: liquidity
subject: solvency
subject: profitability
subject: repayment capacity
subject: financial efficiency
subject: financial benchmarks
subject: tenure
subject: North Dakota.

description: The performance of over 500 North Dakota farms, 2001-2010, is summarized using 16 financial measures. Farms are categorized by geographic region, farm type, farm size, gross cash sales, farm tenure, net farm income, debt-to-asset, and age of farmer to analyze relationships between financial performance and farm characteristics. Five-year averages, 2005-2009, are also presented. In 2010, median and average acreage per farm was 2,010 and 2,579, respectively. Median and average cash farm revenue was $469,023 and $631,920, respectively. Over 70% of farms were crop farms and 47 percent of farms had gross sales exceeding $500,000. Median age of farm operators was 47. Median net farm income in 2010 was $174,010, up sharply from $47,547 in 2009. Financial measures for 2010, 2008 and 2007 were much superior to those in other years for the 2001-2010 period. The Red River Valley and crop farms typically had stronger profitability, solvency, and repayment capacity from 2001 to 2010 than other regions and farm types, respectively. Exceptions were 2007 and 2009 when the north central region had the best regional performance and 2005 when the south central region and livestock farms had better performance. The 2010 median net farm income was $239,426 for crop farms and $48,775 for livestock farms. Farms with sales less than $500,000 were over twice as likely to have debt-to-asset higher than 70 percent as farms with sales greater than $500,000. Farms that own some crop land, but less than 40 percent were more likely to be crop farms, farm more acreage, have larger sales, and be more profitable. As expected, solvency and percent of crop land owned increased with farmer age. Median net farm income as a percent of gross revenue was the highest of the decade in 2010, 33.1 percent, and the lowest in 2009, 13.4 percent. It was 24 percent in 2008 and 30.6 percent in 2007 after ranging from 22.4 to 14 percent between 2001 and 2006
Geometric facility location under continuous motion: bounded-velocity approximations to the mobile Euclidean k-centre and k-median problems
Creators: name: Durocher, Stéphane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The traditional problems of facility location are defined statically; a set (or multiset) of n points is given as input, corresponding to the positions of clients, and a solution is returned consisting of set of k points, corresponding to the positions of facilities, that optimizes some objective function of the input set. In the k-centre problem, the objective is to select k points for locating facilities such that the maximum distance from any client to its nearest facility is minimized. In the k-median problem, the objective is to select k points for locating facilities such that the average distance front each client to its nearest facility is minimized. A common setting for these problems is to model clients and facilities as points in Euclidean space and to measure distances between these by the Euclidean distance metric. In this thesis, we examine these problems in the mobile setting. A problem instance consists of a set of mobile clients, each following a continuous trajectory through Euclidean space under bounded velocity. The positions of the mobile Euclidean k-centre and k-median are defined as functions of the instantaneous positions of the clients. Since mobile facilities located at the exact Euclidean k-centre or k-median involve either unbounded velocity or discontinuous motion, we explore approximations to these. The goal is to define a set of functions, corresponding to positions for the set of mobile facilities, that provide a good approximation to the Euclidean k-centre or k-median while maintaining motion that is continuous and whose magnitude of velocity has a low fixed upper bound. Thus, the fitness of a mobile facility is determined not only by the quality of its optimization of the objective function but also by the maximum velocity and continuity of its motion. These additional constraints lead to a trade-off between velocity and approximation factor, requiring new approximation strategies quite different from previous static approximations. We identify existing functions and introduce new functions that provide bounded-velocity approximations of the mobile Euclidean 1-centre, 2-centre, and 1-median. We show that no bounded-velocity approximation of the Euclidean 3-centre or the Euclidean 2-median is possible. Finally, we present kinetic algorithms for maintaining these various functions using both exact and approximate solutions.
Mixed state sensitivity of several quantum information benchmarks
Creators: name: Peters, Nicholas A.
name: Wei, Tzu-Chieh
name: Kwiat, Paul G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate an imbalance between the sensitivity of the common state measures--fidelity, trace distance, concurrence, tangle, von Neumann entropy and linear entropy--when acted on by a depolarizing channel. Further, in this context we explore two classes of two-qubit entangled mixed states. Specifically, we illustrate a sensitivity imbalance between three of these measures for depolarized (i.e., Werner-state like) nonmaximally entangled and maximally entangled mixed states, noting that the size of the imbalance depends on the state's tangle and linear entropy.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; corrected typos and expression (17)
Potential for Corn Oil Extracted from Distillers’ Dried Grain and Solubles as a Feedstock for Biodiesel
Creators: name: Ferris, John N.
name: Ferris, John N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Rising prices on vegetable oils and animal fats have enabled dry mill ethanol plants to profitably extract corn oil from distillers’ dried grain. While the mandates under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 for grain based ethanol will level off at 15 billion gallons in 2015, the mandates for biodiesel will likely continue to increase from 1.0 billion gallons in 2012 to nearly 2.0 billion gallons in 2022. Corn oil from distillers’ dried grain can provide the needed profits and diversification of feedstock to assist the biodiesel industry in meeting the mandates.
On Ricci flat Supermanifolds
Creators: name: Zhou, Chengang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Ricci flatness condition on generic supermanifolds. It has been found recently that when the fermionic complex dimension of the supermanifold is one the vanishing of the super-Ricci curvature implies the bosonic submanifold has vanishing scalar curvature. We prove that this phenomena is only restricted to fermionic complex dimension one. Further we conjecture that for complex fermionic dimension larger than one the Calabi-Yau theorem holds for supermanifolds.
description: 9 pages; typos corrected
Hennings, Emmy: Neue Schweizer Bücher. Das Pulverhorn Abrahams. Vonmoos; Schimun: Geschichten aus dem Romanischen + Guggenheim, Kurt: Riedland; Schweizer-Spiegel-Verlag, Zürich.
Creators: name: Ball-Hennings, Emmy
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2024

description: Dokument
title: Nowak, Eva (Hrsg.): Accreditation and assessment of journalism education in Europe: quality evaluation and stakeholder influence (Aktuell. Studien zum Journalismus, Band 15)
title: Baden-Baden: Nomos 2019. 241 Seiten. Preis: €49
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bettels-Schwabbauer, Tina
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 070

description: Publizistik;65
A Prototype Si/CdTe Compton Camera and the Polarization Measurement
Creators: name: Mitani, Takefumi
name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
name: Takashima, Takeshi
name: Tajima, Hiroyasu
name: Nakamura, Hidehito
name: Nomachi, Masaharu
name: Nakamoto, Tatsuya
name: Fukazawa, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Compton camera is the most promising approach for gamma-ray detection in the energy region from several hundred keV to MeV, especially for application in high energy astrophysics. In order to obtain good angular resolution, semiconductor detectors such as silicon, germanium and cadmium telluride(CdTe) have several advantages over scintillation detectors, which have been used so far. Based on the recent advances of high resolution CdTe and silicon imaging detectors, we are working on a Si/CdTe Compton camera. We have developed 64-pixel CdTe detectors with a pixel size of 2mmx2mm and double-sided Si strip detectors(DSSDs) with a position resolution of 800 micron. As a prototype Si/CdTe Compton camera, we use a DSSD as a scatterer and two CdTe pixel detectors as an absorber. In order to verify its performance, we irradiate the camera with 100% linearly polarised 170keV gamma-rays and demonstrate the system works properly as a Compton camera. The resolution of the reconstructed scattering angle is 22 degrees(FWHM). Measurement of polarization is also reported. The polarimetric modulation factor is obtained to be 43%, which is consistent with the prediction of Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 6 pages, 11 figures, to be published in IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. Vol. 51 (2004)
Additional file 5 of Repetitive DNA profile of the amphibian mitogenome
Creators: name: Cabañas, Noel
name: Becerra, Arturo
name: Romero, David
name: Tzipe Govezensky
name: Espinosa-Aguirre, Jesús Javier
name: Camacho-Carranza, Rafael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5. Examples of the possible uses of the repeat sequences for identification and classification of amphibians.
Pointcuts by example
Creators: name: McCormick, Edward J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The thesis of this dissertation is that it is possible to construct IDE-based tools that allow the editing of AspectJ pointcut expressions through direct manipulation of effective representations of join points in the code to which a pointcut applies. There are two reasons why providing tool support for managing pointcut expressions is important. The first reason is that the pointcut-advice mechanism obscures exactly what a given piece of code does. This is because the execution of any piece of code may trigger additional advice of which the developer may be unaware. The second reason is that the creation and maintenance of pointcut expressions that capture the intended set of join points is a difficult task. Pointcut expressions are typically based on assumed naming and structural patterns in the code. We argue that without proper tool support, it is difficult for the developer to properly verify that the conventions are followed strictly enough for a pointcut to remain robust Current tool support addresses these issues to some extent by alerting the developer to where the local join points exist in the code, and the advice that applies at that point. However, if the developer finds that the join points are incorrect he must open the aspect and edit the pointcut expression outside the context of the code where the join point should exist. In this dissertation we present the notion of Pointcuts by Example. Using this technique, a developer is able to specify examples in the code of join points that a pointcut expression should or should-not match. As a constructive proof of existence, we developed prototype tool support for editing pointcuts by example called the Pointcut Wizard. The PW presents a GUI interface for editing pointcut expressions by selecting add or remove operations at join point shadow sites.
Two particle rapidity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal correlations in relativistic nuclear collisions and transverse radial expansion
Creators: name: Voloshin, Sergei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the very first stage of an ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collision new particles are produced in individual nucleon-nucleon collisions. In the transverse plane, all particles from a single $NN$ collision are initially located at the same position. The subsequent transverse radial expansion of the system creates strong position-momentum correlations and leads to characteristic rapidity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal correlations among the produced particles.
description: 4 pages. Proceedings of 18th Nuclear Physics Division Conference of the EPS (NPDC18)
Shot cutoff timescales in different spectral states of Cygnus X-1
Creators: name: Feng, Hua
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
name: Li, Ti-Pei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the shot cutoff timescale evolutions during different spectral states in the black hole binary Cygnus X-1 with the recently proposed w spectral analysis technique. For low energy shots, their cutoff timescale decreases from the low state to intermediate state, and to high state monotonically. However in the high energy range, where shots are believed to be reprocessed in the hot corona, timescales are almost the same for different spectral states. A linear correlation is found between the energy spectrum photon index and the shot cutoff timescale at low energies. Both narrow and broad iron Kalpha lines are distinguished from timing analysis, providing dynamical evidence that broad and narrow iron lines originate respectively at small and large radii of the accretion disk. Possible mechanisms for state transitions and accretion flow geometry in accreting stellar mass black holes are discussed.
description: accepted for publication in ApJL
Formation and Dynamics of Transequatorial Loops
Creators: name: Ghosh, Avyarthana
name: Tripathi, Durgesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study the dynamical evolution of trans-equatorial loops (TELs) using imaging and spectroscopy. We have used the images recorded by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager on-board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and spectroscopic observations taken from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on-board Hinode. The data from AIA 193 Å channel show that TELs are formed between AR 12230 and a newly emerging AR 12234 and evolved during December 10-14, 2014. The xt-plots for December 12, 2014 obtained using AIA 193 Å data reveal signatures of inflow and outflow towards an X-region. High cadence AIA images also show recurrent intensity enhancements in close proximity to the X-region (P2), which is observed to have higher intensities for spectral lines formed at log T[K] =6.20 and voids at other higher temperatures. The electron densities and temperatures in the X-region (and P2) are maintained steadily at log N_e =8.5-8.7 /cc and log T[K] =6.20, respectively. Doppler velocities in the X-region show predominant redshifts by about 5-8 km/s when closer to the disk centre but blueshifts (along with some zero-velocity pixels) when away from the centre. The Full-Width-Half-Maxima (FWHM) maps reveal non-thermal velocities of about 27-30 km/s for Fe XII, Fe XIII and Fe XV lines. However, the brightest pixels have non-thermal velocities of about 62 km/s for Fe XII and Fe XIII lines. On the contrary, the dark X-region for Fe XV line have the highest non-thermal velocity (roughly 115 km/s). We conclude that the TELs are formed due to magnetic reconnection. We further note that the TELs themselves undergo magnetic reconnection leading to reformation of loops of individual ARs. Moreover, this study, for the first time, provides measurements of plasma parameters in X-regions thereby providing essential constraints for theoretical studies.
description: Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics (May 26, 2020) 17 pages, 15 figures
Micellar shape anisotropy and elastic constants in discotic lyotropic liquid crystals
Creators: name: de Castro, P. A.
name: Palangana, A. J.
name: Evangelista, L. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastic constants of a discotic lyotropic nematic liquid crystal are calculated by means of a pseudo-molecular approach as functions of the micellar shape anisotropy. By assuming that the temperature dependence of the ratio of the elastic constants comes from the temperature dependence of the micellar shape anisotropy, the theoretical predictions are connected with experimental measurements for the ratio $K_{33}/K_{11}$. This procedure permits to determine, in a phenomenological way, the temperature dependence for the ratio of elastic constants and for the micellar shape anisotropy near the nematic-isotropic transition in agreement with the experimental data.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, published in Physical Review E
Additional file 1 of The development and tailoring of a peer support program for patients with diabetes mellitus and depression in a primary health care setting in Central Uganda
Creators: name: Dickens Akena
name: Elialilia S. Okello
name: Simoni, Jane
name: Wagner, Glenn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide for patients.
Adiabatic pulse propagation in coherent atomic media with the tripod level configuration
Creators: name: Mazets, I. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the problem of propagation of three-component resonant light pulses with adiabatically varying amplitudes through a medium consisting of atoms with the tripod level configuration. By means of both analytic and numerical methods we found the two modes of shape-preserving pulse propagation. The pulse propagation velocity is found to be either equal to the speed of light or significantly slowed down, depending on a particular propagation mode.
description: revtex, 7 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Multivariate joint modeling to identify markers of growth and lung function decline that predict cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation onset
Creators: name: E. R. Andrinopoulou
name: J. P. Clancy
name: Szczesniak, R. D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Joint Model with Longitudinal FEV1 and PE onset. Table S2. Joint Model with Longitudinal FEV1, BMIp and PE onset. Table S3. Joint Model with Longitudinal FEV1, HFA and PE onset. Table S4. Joint Model with Longitudinal FEV1, WFA and PE onset. Table S5. Joint Model with Longitudinal FEV1, WFA, HFA and PE onset.
A New Proxy Ring Signature Scheme
Creators: name: Awasthi, Amit K.
name: Lal, Sunder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The concept of ring signature was introduced by Rivest, Shamir and Tauman. This signature is considered to be a simplified group signature from which identity of signer is ambiguous although verifier knows the group to which signer belong. In this paper we introduce a new proxy ring signature scheme.
description: RMS 2004, Agra, INDIA
The Carmeli metric correctly describes spiral galaxy rotation curves
Creators: name: Hartnett, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The metric by Carmeli accurately produces the Tully-Fisher type relation in spiral galaxies, a relation showing the fourth power of the rotation speed proportional to the mass of the galaxy. And therefore it is claimed that it is also no longer necessary to invoke dark matter to explain the anomalous dynamics in the arms of spiral galaxies. An analysis is presented here showing Carmeli?s 5 dimensional space-time-velocity metric can also indeed describe the rotation curves of spiral galaxies based on the properties of the metric alone.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
High-Curie-temperature ferromagnetism in bilayer CrI3 on bulk semiconducting substrates
Creators: name: Liu, Nanshu
name: Zhou, Si
name: Zhao, Jijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductors with high Curie temperature have long been pursued for electronic and spintronic applications. Here we provide a general strategy to achieve robust FM state in bilayer CrI3 of the monoclinic stacking, which intrinsically has interlayer antiferromagnetic (AFM) order and weak in-plane FM coupling. We showed that the proximity effect from bulk semiconducting substrates induces electronic doping and significantly increases the FM nearest-neighbor exchange for bilayer CrI3, leading to the AFM-to-FM transition for the interlayer spin configuration as well as enhanced intralayer FM coupling. By first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, bulk and 2D semiconductors providing different interaction strengths from strong covalent bonding to weak van der Waals (vdW) interaction with CrI3 are compared to thoroughly address the substrate effect on magnetic behavior and Curie temperature of bilayer CrI3. These theoretical results offer a facile route for direct synthesis of 2D ferromagnets on proper semiconducting substrates to achieve high Curie temperature for device implementation.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 4 of Repetitive DNA profile of the amphibian mitogenome
Creators: name: Cabañas, Noel
name: Becerra, Arturo
name: Romero, David
name: Tzipe Govezensky
name: Espinosa-Aguirre, Jesús Javier
name: Camacho-Carranza, Rafael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Bias of the direct and inverted repeat sequences in the amphibian mitogenomes with an atypical abundance of repeats.
Spacetime Singularities and Cosmic Censorship Conjecture: A Review with Some Thoughts
Creators: name: Ong, Yen Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose tell us that singularities are common place in general relativity. Singularities not only occur at the beginning of the Universe at the Big Bang, but also in complete gravitational collapses that result in the formation of black holes. If singularities - except the one at the Big Bang - ever become "naked", i.e., not shrouded by black hole horizons, then it is expected that problems would arise and render general relativity indeterministic. For this reason, Penrose proposed the cosmic censorship conjecture, which states that singularities should never be naked. Various counterexamples to the conjecture have since been discovered, but it is still not clear under which kind of physical processes one can expect violation of the conjecture. In this short review, I briefly examine some progresses in spacetime singularities and cosmic censorship conjecture. In particular, I shall discuss why we should still care about the conjecture, and whether we should be worried about some of the counterexamples. This is not meant to be a comprehensive review, but rather to give an introduction to the subject, which has recently seen an increase of interest.
description: References updated; Invited review to appear in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Towards the development of a transferable set of value estimates for environmental attributes
Creators: name: Van Bueren, Martin
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Van Bueren, Martin
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Estimates of environmental values are frequently required as inputs to cost‐benefit analyses when evaluating alternative options for managing natural resources. One strategy to avoid the high cost of conducting empirical work when non‐market values are involved is to use value estimates from an existing source study and to transfer them to the target context of interest (a practice known as benefit transfer). However, the transfer of values is subject to a host of potential errors and could lead to significant overestimation or underestimation of welfare change. The present paper reports the results of a choice modelling study in which household values for the impacts of land and water degradation in Australia are estimated. A key objective of the present study was to test the validity of transferring estimates derived in a national context to different regional contexts. On the basis of these test results, inferences are made about the impact that differing contexts have on value estimates. The scale of value differences across the different contexts provides a guide for calibrating benefit transfer estimates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENHANCING CREATIVE AND CRITICAL THINKING IN FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Creators: name: Jumayeva, Mukhlisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article explores the importance of enhancing creative and critical thinking in future primary school teachers. Developing creative thinking allows teachers to introduce innovative ideas and approaches into the educational process. Critical thinking helps teachers analyze pedagogical situations and make informed decisions. Teaching these skills contributes to improving the professional qualities of teachers and the quality of the educational process. Creative and critical thinking enhances teacher-student interaction, fostering active student engagement in learning. Developing these abilities helps teachers apply innovative methods in education, leading to improved educational outcomes. These qualities enable teachers to effectively solve complex pedagogical challenges and ensure high performance.
Levy-funded research choices by producers and society
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Freebairn, John W.
name: James, Jennifer S.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Freebairn, John W.
name: James, Jennifer S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Commodity levies are used increasingly to fund producer collective goods such as research and promotion. In the present paper we examine theoretical relationships between producer and national benefits from levy‐funded research, and consider the implications for the appropriate rates of matching government grants, applied with a view to achieving a closer match between producer and national interests. In many cases the producer and national optima coincide. First, regardless of the form of the supply shift, when product demand is perfectly elastic, or all the product is exported, domestic benefits and costs of levy‐funded research all go to producers and they have appropriate incentives. Second, if research causes a parallel supply shift, the producer share of research benefits is the same as their share of costs of a levy, and their incentives are compatible with national interests. In such cases, a matching grant would cause an over‐investment in research from a national perspective. However, if demand is less than perfectly elastic, and research causes a pivotal supply shift, the producer share of benefits is smaller than their share of costs of the levy, and they will under‐invest in research from a national point of view. A matching grant can be justified in such cases, however the magnitude of the optimal grant is sensitive to market conditions.
The nature of premaximum halts of classical nova outbursts: V723 Cassiopeiae and V463 Scuti
Creators: name: Hachisu, Izumi
name: Kato, Mariko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new interpretation of long premaximum halts of nova outbursts. For V723 Cas (Nova Cas 1995) and V463 Sct (Nova Sct 2000), we have reproduced light curves, excluding the brightness maxima, starting from the long premaximum halt through the late decay phase of the outbursts using a steady-state optically thick wind model. When the hydrogen-rich envelope of the white dwarf (WD) is massive enough, the star expands to \sim 100 R_\sun or over and its surface temperature decreases to below 7000 K. At this supergiant mimicry stage, the changes in both the photospheric radius and the temperature are small against the large increase in the envelope mass. These changes cause a saturation in visual magnitude that lasts a long time before it begins to decline. This saturation is known as the premaximum halt of a classical nova outburst. The visual magnitude during the saturation is close to the bolometric magnitude, which is an upper limit for a given WD mass. Since the WD masses are estimated to be 0.59 M_\sun for V723 Cas and 1.1 M_\sun for V463 Sct by fitting the decline rate of nova light curves, we can determine the absolute magnitude of premaximum halts. It is a refined Eddington luminosity. Thus, the premaximum halt of a nova works as a standard candle.
description: corrections for distance estimate of V463 Sct and several typos, 8 pages including 5 figures, to appear in ApJL, 2004 September 1
Shock within a shock: revisiting the radio flares of NS merger ejecta and GRB-supernovae
Creators: name: Margalit, Ben
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast ejecta expelled in binary neutron star (NS) mergers or energetic supernovae (SNe) should produce late-time synchrotron radio emission as the ejecta shocks into the surrounding ambient medium. Models for such radio flares typically assume the ejecta expands into an unperturbed interstellar medium (ISM). However, it is also well-known that binary NS mergers and broad-lined Ic SNe can harbor relativistic jetted outflows. In this work, we show that such jets shock the ambient ISM ahead of the ejecta, thus evacuating the medium into which the ejecta subsequently collides. Using an idealized spherically-symmetric model, we illustrate that this inhibits the ejecta radio flare at early times $t < t_{\rm col} \approx 12 \, {\rm yr} \, (E_{\rm j}/10^{49} \, {\rm erg})^{1/3} (n/1 \, {\rm cm}^{-3})^{-1/3} (v_{\rm ej}/0.1c)^{-5/3}$ where $E_{\rm j}$ is the jet energy, $n$ the ISM density, and $v_{\rm ej}$ the ejecta velocity. We also show that this can produce a sharply peaked enhancement in the light-curve at $t = t_{\rm col}$. This has implications for radio observations of GW170817 and future binary NS mergers, gamma-ray burst (GRB) SNe, decade-long radio transients such as FIRST J1419, and possibly other events where a relativistic outflow precedes a slower-moving ejecta. Future numerical work will extend these analytic estimates and treat the multi-dimensional nature of the problem.
description: submitted to MNRAS; comments welcome!
Largest family without A union B contained in C intersect D
Creators: name: De Bonis, Annalisa
name: Katona, Gyula O. H.
name: Swanepoel, Konrad J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05D05

description: Let F be a family of subsets of an n-element set not containing four distinct members such that A union B is contained in C intersect D. It is proved that the maximum size of F under this condition is equal to the sum of the two largest binomial coefficients of order n. The maximum families are also characterized. A LYM-type inequality for such families is given, too.
description: 6 pages
Risk management strategies using seasonal climate forecasting in irrigated cotton production: a tale of stochastic dominance
Creators: name: Ritchie, John W.
name: Abawi, G. Yahya
name: Dutta, Sunil C.
name: Harris, Trevor R.
name: Bange, Michael
name: Ritchie, John W.
name: Abawi, G. Yahya
name: Dutta, Sunil C.
name: Harris, Trevor R.
name: Bange, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Decision‐making in agriculture is carried out in an uncertain environment with farmers often seeking information to reduce risk. As a result of the extreme variability of rainfall and stream‐flows in north‐eastern Australia, water supplies for irrigated agriculture are a limiting factor and a source of risk. The present study examined the use of seasonal climate forecasting (SCF) when calculating planting areas for irrigated cotton in the northern Murray Darling Basin. Results show that minimising risk by adjusting plant areas in response to SCF can lead to significant gains in gross margin returns. However, how farmers respond to SCF is dependent on several other factors including irrigators’ attitude towards risk.
An elliptic expansion of the potential field source surface model
Creators: name: Kruse, Martin
name: Heidrich-Meisner, Verena
name: Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.
name: Hauptmann, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The potential field source surface model is frequently used as a basis for further scientific investigations where a comprehensive coronal magnetic field is of importance. Its parameters, especially the position and shape of the source surface, are crucial for the interpretation of the state of the interplanetary medium. Improvements have been suggested that introduce one or more additional free parameters to the model, for example, the current sheet source surface (CSSS) model. Aims. Relaxing the spherical constraint of the source surface and allowing it to be elliptical gives modelers the option of deforming it to more accurately match the physical environment of the specific period or location to be analyzed. Methods. A numerical solver is presented that solves Laplace's equation on a three-dimensional grid using finite differences. The solver is capable of working on structured spherical grids that can be deformed to create elliptical source surfaces. Results. The configurations of the coronal magnetic field are presented using this new solver. Three-dimensional renderings are complemented by Carrington-like synoptic maps of the magnetic configuration at different heights in the solar corona. Differences in the magnetic configuration computed by the spherical and elliptical models are illustrated.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Cadlina umiushi Korshunova
Creators: name: Korshunova, Tatiana
name: Fletcher, Karin
name: Picton, Bernard
name: Lundin, Kennet
name: Kashio, Sho
name: Sanamyan, Nadezhda
name: Sanamyan, Karen
name: Padula, Vinicius
name: Schrödl, Michael
name: Martynov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Nudibranchia
Cadlinidae
Cadlina
Cadlina umiushi

description: CADLINA UMIUSHI KORSHUNOVA ET AL. IN MARTYNOV ET AL., 2015
(FIGS 7, 15B)
Cadlina sp. nov. (under a preliminary name): Martynov, 1999b: 104–107, figs 78, 81–83.
Cadlina umiushi Korshunova et al. in Martynov et al., 2015b: 65, fig. 1.
Cadlina olgae Chichvarkhin, 2016: 12–14, fig. 4., syn. nov.
Holotype: ZMMU Op-445, L = 10 mm (live), north-west Pacific, Russia, Sea of Japan, Peter the Great Bay, Bolshoi Pelis Island, stones, 5–7 m depth, 7 September 2014, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov.
Paratypes: ZMMU Op-455, one spc, L = 8 mm (preserved), north-west Pacific, Sea of Japan, Spokoinaya Bay, stony and rocky substrate, 20 m depth, 25 September 2014, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU Op-458, L = 10 mm (live), north-west Pacific, Sea of Japan, Peter the Great Bay, Vostok Bay, stones with algae, 5–7 m depth, 7 July 1993, coll. A. V. Martynov.
description: Published as part of Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael & Martynov, Alexander, 2020, The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda), pp. 762-827 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189 on page 776
Additional file 3 of Repetitive DNA profile of the amphibian mitogenome
Creators: name: Cabañas, Noel
name: Becerra, Arturo
name: Romero, David
name: Tzipe Govezensky
name: Espinosa-Aguirre, Jesús Javier
name: Camacho-Carranza, Rafael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. The Abundance of repeat sequences of 9 bp, 7 bp, 9 bp,15 bp in the amphibian phylogenetic tree.
A logic and decision procedure for verification of heap-manipulating programs
Creators: name: Rakamarić, Zvonimir
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Heap-manipulating programs (HMPs), which manipulate unbounded linked data structures via pointers, are a major frontier for formal verification of software. Formal verification is the process of proving (or disproving) the correctness of a system with respect to some kind of formal specification or property. The primary contributions of this thesis are the definition of a simple transitive closure logic tailored for formal verification of HMPs, and an efficient decision procedure for this logic. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we develop an HMP verification framework, which uses our fast implementation of the decision procedure to verify a number of HMP examples. Experimental examples (including three small container functions from the Linux kernel) demonstrate that the logic is practically useful and expressive enough to prove many interesting heap properties. In addition, the decision procedure provides a substantial time and space advantage over previous approaches.
Cadlina kamchatica Korshunova
Creators: name: Korshunova, Tatiana
name: Fletcher, Karin
name: Picton, Bernard
name: Lundin, Kennet
name: Kashio, Sho
name: Sanamyan, Nadezhda
name: Sanamyan, Karen
name: Padula, Vinicius
name: Schrödl, Michael
name: Martynov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Nudibranchia
Cadlinidae
Cadlina
Cadlina kamchatica

description: CADLINA KAMCHATICA KORSHUNOVA ET AL. IN MARTYNOV ET AL., 2015
(FIGS 2, 8, 15C)
Cadlina kamchatica Korshunova et al. in Martynov et al., 2015b: 63–65, fig. 1.
Holotype: ZMMU Op-446, L = 25 mm (preserved, 37 mm alive), north-west Pacific, Russia, Kamchatka, Avachinskiy Bay, Laperousa stones, 10–15 m, large boulders and rocky substrate, 3 August 2008, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov.
Paratypes: ZMMU Op-452, two spcs., one dissected, L = 19 mm and 25 mm (preserved), north-west Pacific, Kamchatka, Avachinskiy Bay, Starichkov Id., 6–7 m, large boulders and rocky substrate, 25 July 2008, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU Op-453, one spc., L = 20 mm (preserved), same locality and date as previous. ZMMU Op-454, one spc., L = 27 mm (preserved), north-west Pacific, Kamchatka, Avachinskiy Bay, Starichkov Id., 10–15 m, large boulders and rocky substrate, 19 August 2008, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov.
description: Published as part of Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael & Martynov, Alexander, 2020, The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda), pp. 762-827 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189 on page 777
Eclipsing binaries in the open cluster Ruprecht 147. III: The triple system EPIC 219552514 at the main-sequence turnoff
Creators: name: Torres, Guillermo
name: Vanderburg, Andrew
name: Curtis, Jason L.
name: Kraus, Adam L.
name: Rizzuto, Aaron C.
name: Ireland, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectroscopic observations are reported for the 2.75 day, double-lined, detached eclipsing binary EPIC 219552514 located at the turnoff of the old nearby open cluster Ruprecht 147. A joint analysis of our radial velocity measurements and the K2 light curve leads to masses of M1 = 1.509 (+0.063 / -0.056) MSun and M2 = 0.649 (+0.015 / -0.014) MSun for the primary and secondary, along with radii of R1 = 2.505 (+0.026 / -0.031) RSun and R2 = 0.652 (+0.013 / -0.012) RSun, respectively. The effective temperatures are 6180 +/- 100 K for the F7 primary and 4010 +/- 170 K for the late K secondary. The orbit is circular, and the stars' rotation appears to be synchronized with the orbital motion. This is the third eclipsing system analyzed in the same cluster, following our earlier studies of EPIC 219394517 and EPIC 219568666. By comparison with stellar evolution models from the PARSEC series, we infer an age of 2.67 (+0.39 / -0.55) Gyr that is consistent with the estimates for the other two systems. EPIC 219552514 is a hierarchical triple system, with the period of the slightly eccentric outer orbit being 463 days. The unseen tertiary is either a low-mass M dwarf or a white dwarf.
description: 12 pages in emulateapj format, including figures and tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 1 of The gut microbiome and its potential role in paradoxical anaerobism in pupfishes of the Mojave Desert
Creators: name: Shrikant S. Bhute
name: Escobedo, Brisa
name: Haider, Mina
name: Yididya Mekonen
name: Dafhney Ferrer
name: Hillyard, Stanley D.
name: Friel, Ariel D.
name: Breukelen, Frank Van
name: Hedlund, Brian P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Measurement of oxygen consumption. A schematic showing the arrangement of a glass metabolic chamber containing fish, an oxygen electrode, and peristaltic pump used to measure the oxygen consumption by pupfish.
High Pt hadron-hadron correlations
Creators: name: Majumder, A.
name: Wang, Xin-Nian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the formulation of a dihadron fragmentation function in terms of parton matrix elements. Under the collinear factorization approximation and facilitated by the cut-vertex technique, the two hadron inclusive cross section at leading order (LO) in e+ e- annihilation is shown to factorize into a short distance parton cross section and the long distance dihadron fragmentation function. We also derive the DGLAP evolution equation of this function at leading log. The evolution equation for the non-singlet and singlet quark fragmentation function and the gluon fragmentation function are solved numerically with the initial condition taken from event generators. Modifications to the dihadron fragmentation function from higher twist corrections in DIS off nuclei are computed. Results are presented for cases of physical interest.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, Latex, Proceedings of Hot Quarks 2004, July 18-24, Taos, New Mexico
Additional file 2 of Fuzzy cognitive mapping and soft models of indigenous knowledge on maternal health in Guerrero, Mexico
Creators: name: Sarmiento, Ivan
name: Paredes-Solís, Sergio
name: Loutfi, David
name: Dion, Anna
name: Cockcroft, Anne
name: Andersson, Neil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Adjacency matrix of the final map showing categories of protective factors for maternal health in the South of Guerrero.
Agricultural dynamics in Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines
Creators: name: Mundlak, Yair
name: Larson, Donald F.
name: Butzer, Rita
name: Mundlak, Yair
name: Larson, Donald F.
name: Butzer, Rita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Development

description: The introduction of new high‐yielding varieties of cereals in the 1960s, known as the green revolution, dramatically changed the food supply in Asia, as well as in other countries. In the present paper we examine, over an extended period, the growth consequences for agriculture in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. Despite geographical proximity, similar climate and other shared characteristics, gains in productivity and income differed significantly among the countries. We quantify these differences and examine their determinants. We find that the new technology changed the returns to fertilisers, irrigated land and capital, all of which proved scarce to varying degrees. Complementing technology‐related changes in factor use were investments, public and private, driven in part by policy. We find that factor accumulation played an important role in output growth and that accumulations from policy driven investments in human capital and public infrastructure were important sources of productivity gains. We conclude that policies that ease constraints on factor markets and promote public investment in people and infrastructure provide the best opportunities for agricultural growth.