cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Examining Perceptions of Participation in a Pediatric IBD Collaborative: Analyzing the Sustainability of Quality Improvement Activities
Creators: name: Peterson, Erica J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In 2007, pediatric gastroenterologists from ten practice sites across the U.S. created a quality improvement collaborative, now known as ImproveCareNow, to improve the quality of care provided to children with inflammatory bowel disease. Despite the face validity and great potential of quality improvement collaboratives, investigators do not fully understand how improvement happens, including the variables contributing to quality measures and the necessary components needed to sustain quality improvement. The purpose of this project was to explore perceptions of collaborative participants to identify elements of sustainability. We performed qualitative interviews with 16 ImproveCareNow participants as one method in a triangulated strategy of measuring collaborative participants‟ perceptions. We selected informants from a diverse list of practice types and geographic locations, and asked open-ended questions, which we then transcribed and coded. For this master‟s paper‟s focus on sustainability, I extracted participant views of the collaborative‟s most valuable aspects, obstacles to participation, and perceptions of variables affecting outcome measures. New site participants found practice standardization to be most valuable; existing sites named a patient tracking, collaboration, and quality improvement training. New and existing sites mentioned time as the biggest obstacle to collaborative participation; existing sites, with more experience, also named persuading non-ICN providers to support the effort, and other challenges varied by particular ICN activities. Finally, 9 of 12 (75%) informants said that collaborative activities were responsible for improved inactive disease rates, and 3 of 12 (25%) said the ICN collaborative was partially responsible. When asked if other factors were affecting outcomes, 4 of 12 (33%) said no; 2 of 12 (17%) said yes; and 6 of 12 (50%) were uncertain. Analyzing in-depth interviews of ICN participants is the first step in understanding what health care providers perceive as the value from, benefits of, and challenges to initiating and sustaining collaborative quality improvement activities.
X-ray emission from a rapidly accreting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy at z=6.56
Creators: name: Wolf, Julien
name: Nandra, Kirpal
name: Salvato, Mara
name: Buchner, Johannes
name: Onoue, Masafusa
name: Liu, Teng
name: Arcodia, Riccardo
name: Merloni, Andrea
name: Ciroi, Stefano
name: Di Mille, Francesco
name: Burwitz, Vadim
name: Brusa, Marcella
name: Ishimoto, Rikako
name: Kashikawa, Nobunari
name: Matsuoka, Yoshiki
name: Urrutia, Tanya
name: Waddell, Sophia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study aims at identifying luminous quasars at $z>5.7$ among X-ray-selected sources in the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) in order to place a lower limit on black hole accretion well into the epoch of re-ionisation. We confirm the low significance detection with eROSITA of a previously known, optically faint $z=6.56$ quasar from the Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs) survey. We obtained a pointed follow-up observation of the source with the Chandra X-ray telescope in order to confirm the eROSITA detection. Using new near-infrared spectroscopy, we derived the physical properties of the super-massive black hole. Finally, we used this detection to infer a lower limit on the black hole accretion density rate at $z>6$. The Chandra observation confirms the eFEDS source as the most distant blind X-ray detection to date. The derived X-ray luminosity is high with respect to the rest-frame optical emission of the quasar. With a narrow MgII line, low derived black hole mass, and high Eddington ratio, as well as its steep photon index, the source shows properties that are similar to local narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, which are thought to be powered by young super-massive black holes. In combination with a previous high-redshift quasar detection in the field, we show that quasars with $L_{2-10 \, \mathrm{keV}} >10^{45} \, \mathrm{erg \, s^{-1}}$ dominate accretion onto super-massive black holes at $z\sim 6$.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Exploiters-Based Knowledge Extraction in Object-Oriented Knowledge Representation
Creators: name: Terletskyi, Dmytro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; D.1.5; D.3.3; F.4.1

description: This paper contains the consideration of knowledge extraction mechanisms of such object-oriented knowledge representation models as frames, object-oriented programming and object-oriented dynamic networks. In addition, conception of universal exploiters within object-oriented dynamic networks is also discussed. The main result of the paper is introduction of new exploiters-based knowledge extraction approach, which provides generation of a finite set of new classes of objects, based on the basic set of classes. The methods for calculation of quantity of new classes, which can be obtained using proposed approach, and of quantity of types, which each of them describes, are proposed. Proof that basic set of classes, extended according to proposed approach, together with union exploiter create upper semilattice is given. The approach always allows generating of finitely defined set of new classes of objects for any object-oriented dynamic network. A quantity of these classes can be precisely calculated before the generation. It allows saving of only basic set of classes in the knowledge base.
IC MAGE Flow Model 04 – Anisotropic permeability model for simulating desiccation
Creators: name: Tsiampousi, Aikaterini
name: Taborda, David M G
name: Kontoe, Stavroula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Geotechnical Analysis
Finite Element Analysis
Coupled Analysis
Hydraulic Behaviour
Geotechnical Engineering
Soil-atmosphere Interaction

description: IC MAGE FM04 is a user-defined flow model for PLAXIS that allows the simulation of the effects of desiccation on the material’s anisotropic permeability.
Hurricane Evacuation Research: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Harrison, Stephanie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Public health agencies play a large role in research initiatives to gain a better understanding of human response during hurricanes. This research is critical to allow public health agencies and their partners in emergency management to develop and implement educational initiatives, communications plans and evacuation strategies to safeguard human life in times of natural disaster. While research has identified several primary factors that impact one’s decision to evacuate there is still a gap in understanding exactly how social factors impact evacuation decisions. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to gain better understanding of the level of knowledge about how and which social factors influence evacuation decisions. All of the research presented in this literature review was specifically designed to examine evacuation behavior, however in all studies, understanding the impact of social capital was secondary. This review indicates that three things should be considered when developing evacuation planning and intervention; these are: a set of specific major themes, social factors and research limitations and knowledge gaps. While much progress has been made in this area, additional targeted research is needed to truly understand how social factors coupled with known factors such as perception of risk, source of information, personal evacuation plans, prior hurricane experience, length of residence, lack of transportation, and sense of place interact to form the basis of one’s decision to evacuate during a hurricane. Having this greater understanding may allow agencies and officials to design and implement education and intervention strategies based on specific demographic, social, and physical attributes of the population and their surroundings that will improve evacuation efficiency and overall outcomes, including a reduction in death and injuries, improved household planning and preparation and higher evacuation rates during these critical emergency situations.
title: MRI prostate: a reliable tool for detecting high grade tumour?
Creators: name: Gubbins, Anna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pelvis
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Staging
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cancer
subject: Pathology
subject: Neoplasia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide (1). Early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer is associated with a good clinical prognosis (2). The diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on a combination of a raised serum...
Molecules in the peculiar age-defying source IRAS 19312+1950
Creators: name: Qiu, Jian-Jie
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Nakashima, Jun-ichi
name: Zhang, Jiang-Shui
name: Koning, Nico
name: Tang, Xin-Di
name: Yan, Yao-Ting
name: Feng, Huan-Xue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. IRAS 19312+1950 is an isolated infrared source that exhibits a characteristic quasi-point-symmetric morphology in the near- and mid-infrared images and is also very bright in molecular radio lines. Because of its unique observational characteristics, various observational studies have been conducted and several hypotheses have been proposed regarding its origin, which is still unclear. So far, it has been suggested that it could be a peculiar evolved star, a young stellar object, or even a red nova remnant. Regardless of which type of object it is ultimately classified as, IRAS 19312+1950 is exceptionally bright in the infrared and molecular radio lines and therefore will undoubtedly be crucial as a prototype of this kind of object having a peculiar nature or unusual evolutionary phase. Aims. This study aims to reveal the molecular composition of the central part of IRAS 19312+1950 by performing an unbiased molecular radio line survey and discussing the origin of the object from a molecular chemical point of view. Methods. We carried out a spectral line survey with the IRAM 30 m telescope towards the center of IRAS 19312+1950 in the 3 and 1.3 mm windows. Results. In total, 28 transition lines of 22 molecular species and those isotopologues are detected towards IRAS 19312+1950, some of which exhibit a broad and a narrow components. Seventeen thermal lines and 1 maser line are newly detected. The molecular species of C$^{17}$O, $^{30}$SiO, HN$^{13}$C, HC$^{18}$O$^{+}$, H$_{2}$CO, and $c$-C$_{3}$H$_{2}$ are detected for the first time in this object. Conclusions. Our results, in combination with previous studies, favor the hypothesis that IRAS 19312+1950 might be a red nova remnant, in which the progenitors that merged to become a red nova may have contained at least two evolved stars with oxygen-rich and carbon-rich chemistry, respectively.
description: 30 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Probability Distribution Functions of Sunspot Magnetic Flux
Creators: name: Sakurai, Takashi
name: Toriumi, Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the probability distributions of sunspot area and magnetic flux by using the data from Royal Greenwich Observatory and USAF/NOAA. We have constructed a sample of 2995 regions with maximum-development areas $\ge$ 500 MSH (millionths of solar hemisphere), covering 146.7 years (1874--2020). The data were fitted by a power-law distribution and four two-parameter distributions (tapered power-law, gamma, lognormal, and Weibull distributions). The power-law model was unfavorable compared to the four models in terms of AIC, and was not acceptable by the classical Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The lognormal and Weibull distributions were excluded because their behavior extended to smaller regions ($S \ll 500$ MSH) do not connect to the previously published results. Therefore, our choices were tapered power-law and gamma distributions. The power-law portion of the tapered power-law and gamma distributions was found to have a power exponent of 1.35--1.9. Due to the exponential fall-off of these distributions, the expected frequencies of large sunspots are low. The largest sunspot group observed had an area of 6132 MSH, and the frequency of sunspots larger than $10^4$ MSH was estimated to be every 3 -- 8 $\times 10^4$ years. We also have estimated the distributions of the Sun-as-a-star total sunspot areas. The largest total area covered by sunspots in the record was 1.67 % of the visible disk, and can be up to 2.7 % by artificially increasing the lifetimes of large sunspots in an area evolution model. These values are still smaller than those found on active Sun-like stars.
Illuminating Well-Being: A Simulation-Based Lighting Evaluation And Tool Development For A Tropical Hospital
Creators: name: Lin, Quek Chong Venjamin
name: Chien, Szu-Cheng
name: Foo, Kai Ting
name: Tan, Nicholas Wei Kiat
name: Chong, Kevin
name: Wong, Ann Mei
name: Low, Luke Sher Guan
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 330206
subject: Building science, technologies and systems

description: The increasing awareness of the vital role lighting plays in promoting health and wellbeing has led to a growing interest in lighting performance, particularly within healthcare facilities. In tropical regions, the unique micro-climatic conditions and distinct daylight characteristics present additional challenges in optimizing lighting for the benefit of patients and staff. However, conducting a thorough lighting performance simulation that considers cost effectiveness and time constraints can be challenging. To address this, this study aims to thoroughly investigate the lighting performance within a tropical hospital ward setting through a simulation-based evaluation. The simulations were carried out using Rhino 7 in conjunction with the ClimateStudio plugin, providing a temporal, environmental (considering weather conditions), and spatial analysis of human-centric lighting performance. Furthermore, to enhance the lighting performance evaluation and decision-making process, an agile multi-objective optimization tool was developed using Grasshopper, Ladybug, and Honeybee plugins. This tool allows for agile multi-objective optimization, enabling the exploration of various lighting scenarios and facilitating informed decision-making. The findings of this study contribute not only to the existing knowledge on lighting performance in healthcare facilities but also provide a strong basis for the development of effective lighting control strategies tailored to tropical hospital settings. By enhancing our understanding of the role of lighting in promoting health and wellbeing, the outcomes of this research effort are expected to improve the overall experience and outcomes for patients and staff in tropical healthcare environments.
Getting Schooled on Obesity
Creators: name: Gibbons, Julie Wayne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Here is the great irony of the 21st century global public health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequalities, political corruption, or warfare, hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes (Houston, n.d.). This paper will review some of the literature available on obesity and will focus on adolescents and children as a very important sub-population in need of intervention. The purpose of this paper is to review existing data and to recommend school-based interventions as the ideal intervention method. This paper will begin with a review of existing background data, causes, health implications, financial implications and finally a review of existing programs with a final recommendation of proposed best practice.
Decade Long Timing Study of the Black Widow Millisecond Pulsar J1544+4937
Creators: name: Kumari, Sangita
name: Bhattacharyya, Bhaswati
name: Kansabanik, Devojyoti
name: Roy, Jayanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results from 11 years of radio timing for eclipsing black widow millisecond pulsar (MSP) binary, J1544+4937, is presented in this paper. We report a phase-connected timing model for this MSP, using observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at multiple frequencies and with Green Bank Telescope (GBT). This is the longest-duration timing study of any galactic field MSP with the GMRT. While extending the timing baseline from the existing 1.5 years to about a decade we report the first detection for a significant value of proper motion ($\mathrm{μ_{T}} \sim$ 10.14(5) $\mathrm{mas/year}$) for this pulsar. Temporal variations of dispersion measure ($\mathrm{ΔDM~ \sim 10^{-3}}$ pc $\mathrm{cm^{-3}}$) manifested by significant determination of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order DM derivatives are observed along the line of sight to the pulsar. We also noticed frequency-dependent DM variations of the order of $\mathrm{10^{-3}~ pc~ cm^{-3}}$, which could arise due to spatial electron density variations in the interstellar medium. This study has revealed a secular variation of the orbital period for this MSP for the first time. We investigated possible causes and propose that variation in the gravitational quadrupole moment of the companion could be responsible for the observed temporal changes in the orbital period.
description: 12 pages, 5 Figures, 2 Table, Accepted in the Astrophysical Journal
A Free Tattoo Removal Program for Previously Incarcerated or Gang-Involved in North Carolina: Using Implementation Science to Develop a Program and Evaluation Plan
Creators: name: Miles, J. Alex
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Many people who were previously incarcerated or gang-involved often have visible and offensive tattoos which can eventually be regretted due to personal, social, or professional reasons. Despite changes to personal beliefs and desires to stay away from a prior life of crime or deviance, tattoos persist as a constant reminder of the past and hinder remediation efforts. Laser surgery is the mainstay of tattoo removal, but expense usually proves too high a barrier to widespread use. In order to address the specific needs of this population, tattoo removal programs offer a means to eliminate financial barriers by providing the service at reduced or no cost. No programs of this sort currently exist in what is known as the Triangle of North Carolina (anchored by the town of Chapel Hill and the cities of Raleigh and Durham). Thus, a novel tattoo removal program, Square One, is in development as a method to address unmet community needs. The goals of Square One are to help those trying to start on a new life path. Square One aims to help keep individuals away from criminal behavior and social marginalization by removing outward marks of a past life. In doing so, Square One may be a valuable tool to reduce recidivism, improve reintegration into society, and make positive changes in the lives of motivated individuals in the community. This paper provides an initial implementation and evaluation plan for the Square One program.
Praxeologische Rekonstruktion von Etikettierungsprozessen "Sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarfs emotionale und soziale Entwicklung". Motivationale Lagen lehrkraftseitiger Initiierungen von Zuweisungsprozessen
Creators: name: Effelsberg, Lisa
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 370

description: In den meisten Bundesländern Deutschlands sind seit Ratifizierung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention im Jahr 2009 verstärkt Gesetzesänderungen mit dem Ziel vorgenommen worden, die inklusive Beschulung an allgemeinen Schulen auszuweiten. Die gesamtdeutsche sonderpädagogische Förderquote ist daraufhin deutlich angestiegen. Vor allem die Anzahl von Schüler:innen mit zugewiesenem sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf emotionale und soziale Entwicklung hat stark zugenommen. Es lässt sich feststellen, dass Deutschland auf die Herausforderung inklusiver Beschulung mit einer Steigerung der Etikettierung von Schüler:innen reagiert hat. In der Forschungsarbeit werden zugrundeliegende Prozesse des Phänomens erforscht. Dabei verortet sich die Arbeit in den Disability Studies (Hirschberg & Köbsell, 2021; Köbsell, 2016; Waldschmidt, 2003) und wird vor der theoretischen Folie von sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf als normabhängige Zuschreibung sowie der Sozialtheorie der Humandifferenzierung (Hirschauer, 2017) diskutiert. Anhand von 26 narrativen Interviews mit Lehrer:innen aus inklusiven schulischen Kontexten in NRW und elf schriftlichen Dokumenten zur Initiierung, Überprüfung und Zuschreibung sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarfs emotionale und soziale Entwicklung wird untersucht, welche Bewertungsnormen die Lehrer:innen an ‚abweichende‘ sozial emotionale Verhaltensweisen von Schüler:innen anlegen und wie sie die Initiierung eines Zuweisungsprozesses begründen. Mit der Studie soll insbesondere der Entscheidungsspielraum von Lehrer:innen im Vorfeld der Initiierung des Zuweisungsprozesses näher ausgeleuchtet werden. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden sechs Etikettierungsprozesstypen herausgestellt, die die zugrundeliegenden Etikettierungsprozesse im Kontext inklusiver Schule beschreiben und anhand von spezifischen motivationalen Lagen charakterisieren. Die Ergebnisse werden abschließend hinsichtlich ihrer Anschlussfähigkeit an die Fachgebiete Erziehungswissenschaft und Sonderpädagogik im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung aufbereitet.
The Time-Averaged Mass-Loss Rates of Red Supergiants As Revealed by their Luminosity Functions in M31 and M33
Creators: name: Massey, Philip
name: Neugent, Kathryn F.
name: Ekstrom, Sylvia
name: Georgy, Cyril
name: Meynet, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mass-loss in red supergiants (RSGs) is generally recognized to be episodic, but mass-loss prescriptions fail to reflect this. Evolutionary models show that the total amount of mass lost during this phase determines if these stars evolve to warmer temperatures before undergoing core collapse. The current Geneva evolutionary models mimic episodic mass loss by enhancing the quiescent prescription rates whenever the star's outer layers exceed the Eddington luminosity by a large factor. This results in a 20 solar-mass model undergoing significantly more mass loss during the RSG phase than it would have otherwise, but has little effect on models of lower masses. We can test the validity of this approach observationally by measuring the proportion of high-luminosity RSGs to that predicted by the models. To do this, we use our recent luminosity-limited census of RSGs in M31 and M33, making modest improvements to membership, and adopting extinctions based on the recent panchromatic M31 and M33 Hubble surveys. We then compare the proportions of the highest luminosity RSGs found to that predicted by published Geneva models, as well as to a special set of models computed without the enhanced rates. We find good agreement with the models which include the supra-Eddington enhanced mass loss. The models with lower mass-loss rates predict a larger fraction of high-luminosity RSGs than observed, and thus can be ruled out. We also use these improved data to confirm that the upper luminosity limit of RSGs is log L/Lo~5.4, regardless of metallicity, using our improved data on M31 and M33 plus previous results on the Magellanic Clouds.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Revised version includes an additional reference
Hydrodynamics of the physical vacuum: dark matter is an illusion
Creators: name: Sbitnev, Valeriy I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic hydrodynamical equations are being examined with the aim of extracting the quantum-mechanical equations (the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation and the Schrödinger equation in the non-relativistic limit). In both cases it is required to get the quantum potential, which follows from pressure gradients within a superfluid vacuum medium. This special fluid, endowed with viscosity allows to describe emergence of the flat orbital speeds of spiral galaxies. The viscosity averaged on time vanishes, but its variance is different from zero. It is a function fluctuating about zero. Therefore the flattening is the result of the energy exchange of the torque with zero-point fluctuations of the physical vacuum on the ultra-low frequencies.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Application of Convolutional Neural Networks to Predict Magnetic Fields Directions in Turbulent Clouds
Creators: name: Xu, Duo
name: Law, Chi-Yan
name: Tan, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We adopt the deep learning method CASI-3D (Convolutional Approach to Structure Identification-3D) to infer the orientation of magnetic fields in sub-/trans- Alfvenic turbulent clouds from molecular line emission. We carry out magnetohydrodynamic simulations with different magnetic field strengths and use these to generate synthetic observations. We apply the 3D radiation transfer code RADMC-3d to model 12CO and 13CO (J = 1-0) line emission from the simulated clouds and then train a CASI-3D model on these line emission data cubes to predict magnetic field morphology at the pixel level. The trained CASI-3D model is able to infer magnetic field directions with low error (< 10deg for sub-Alfvenic samples and <30deg for trans-Alfvenic samples). We furthermore test the performance of CASI-3D on a real sub-/trans- Alfvenic region in Taurus. The CASI-3D prediction is consistent with the magnetic field direction inferred from Planck dust polarization measurements. We use our developed methods to produce a new magnetic field map of Taurus that has a three-times higher angular resolution than the Planck map.
description: ApJ Accepted
title: Value of an advanced image-based technique to calculate virtual monoenergetic images from third-generation dual-energy dual-source CT to improve contrast-to-noise ratio of liver parenchyma
Creators: name: De Cecco, Carlo Nicola
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Dosimetric comparison

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate whether a new image-based algorithm (Mono+) for virtual monoenergetic imaging with a third-generation dual-energy, dual-source CT scanner can improve the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of liver parenchyma in comparison with standard...
title: Strain histogram analysis for elastography in breast cancer diagnosis
Creators: name: Carlsen, Jonathan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Elastography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Strain elastography is a method to qualitatively assess tumour stiffness, which can be used to evaluate malignancy risk in combination with B-mode imaging[1]. Strain elastography displays tumour stiffness on a colour scale, and different methods of...
An Enhanced intelligent intrusion detection system to secure E-commerce communication systems
Creators: name: Hussain, Adil
name: Qureshi, Kashif Naseer
name: Javeed, Khalid
name: Alhussein, Musaed
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Information and communication technologies are spreading rapidly due to their fast proliferation in many fields. The number of Internet users has led to a spike in cyber-attack incidents. E-commerce applications, such as online banking, marketing, trading, and other online businesses, play an integral role in our lives. Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is essential to protect the network from unauthorized access and against other cyber-attacks. The existing NIDS systems are based on the Backward Oracle Matching (BOM) algorithm, which minimizes the false alarm rate and causes of high packet drop ratio. This paper discussed the existing NIDS systems and different used pattern-matching techniques regarding their weaknesses and limitations. To address the existing system issues, this paper proposes an enhanced version of the BOM algorithm by using multiple pattern-matching methods for the NIDS system to improve the network performance. The proposed solution is tested in simulation with existing solutions using the Snort and NSL-KDD datasets. The experimental results indicated that the proposed solution performed better than the existing solutions and achieved a 5.17% detection rate and a 0.22% lower false alarm rate than the existing solution
Isotope effects on the dynamics of amorphous ices and aqueous phosphoric acid solutions
Creators: name: Ahlmann, S.
name: Hoffmann, L.
name: Keppler, M.
name: Münzner, P.
name: Tonauer, C. M.
name: Loerting, T.
name: Gainaru, C.
name: Böhmer, R.
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530

description: The glass transitions of amorphous ices as well as of aqueous phosphoric acid solutions were reported to display very large 1H/2H isotope effects. Using dielectric spectroscopy, in both types of glassformers for equimolar protonated/deuterated mixtures an almost ideal isotope-mixing behavior rather than a bimodal relaxation is found. For the amorphous ices this finding is interpreted in terms of a glass-to-liquid rather than an orientational glass transition scenario. Based on calorimetric results revealing that major 16O/18O isotope effects are missing, the latter scenario was previously favored for the amorphous ices. Considering the dielectric results on 18O substituted amorphous ices and by comparison with corresponding results for the aqueous phosphoric acid solutions, it is argued that the present findings are compatible with the glass-to-liquid scenario. To provide additional information regarding the deeply supercooled state of 1H/2H isotopically mixed and 18O substituted glassformers, the aqueous phosphoric acid solutions are studied using shear mechanical spectroscopy as well, a technique which so far could not successfully be applied to characterize the glass transitions of the amorphous ices.
description: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.;24(24)
Characterization of Vehicle Behavior with Information Theory
Creators: name: Aquino, Andre L. L.
name: Cavalcante, Tamer S. G.
name: Almeida, Eliana S.
name: Frery, Alejandro C.
name: Rosso, Osvaldo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work proposes the use of Information Theory for the characterization of vehicles behavior through their velocities. Three public data sets were used: i.Mobile Century data set collected on Highway I-880, near Union City, California; ii.Borlänge GPS data set collected in the Swedish city of Borlänge; and iii.Beijing taxicabs data set collected in Beijing, China, where each vehicle speed is stored as a time series. The Bandt-Pompe methodology combined with the Complexity-Entropy plane were used to identify different regimes and behaviors. The global velocity is compatible with a correlated noise with f^{-k} Power Spectrum with k >= 0. With this we identify traffic behaviors as, for instance, random velocities (k aprox. 0) when there is congestion, and more correlated velocities (k aprox. 3) in the presence of free traffic flow.
Adolescent Prescription Drug Abuse and Misuse in the United States: A Concerning Epidemic
Creators: name: Graham, Jeffrey B, MD
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Adolescent prescription medicine misuse, particularly of controlled substances, is at all-time highs in the United States. While illicit street drugs, tobacco use, and underage drinking are all on the decline among teenagers, prescription medicines have now equaled marijuana as the most commonly abused drugs reported by America’s youth. The epidemic cuts across all socioeconomic classes and is based in myths and misinformation that pervade the American culture. Current modalities to address the problem concentrate solely on the policy aspects. More research into the most effective modalities to affect healthy adolescent behavior is needed, though science-based education has shown early promise.
Anomalous Nernst effect in compensated ferrimagnetic CoxGd1-x films
Creators: name: Liu, Ruihao
name: Cai, Li
name: Xu, Teng
name: Liu, Jiahao
name: Cheng, Yang
name: Jiang, Wanjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is one of the most intriguing thermoelectric phenomena which has attracted growing interest both for its underlying physics and potential applications. Typically, a large ANE response is observed in magnets with pronounced magnetizations or nontrivial Berry curvature. Here, we report a significant ANE signal in compensated ferrimagnetic CoxGd1-x alloy films, which exhibit vanishingly small magnetization. In particular, we found that the polarity of ANE signal is dominated by the magnetization orientation of the transition metal Co sublattices, rather than the net magnetization of CoxGd1-x films. This observation is not expected from the conventional understanding of ANE but is analogous to the anomalous Hall effect in compensated ferrimagnets. We attribute the origin of ANE and its Co-dominant property to the Co-dominant Berry curvature. Our work could trigger a more comprehensive understanding of ANE and may be useful for building energy-harvesting devices by employing ANE in compensated ferrimagnets.
title: CT findings of bifurcation stent in phantom and patients: validation with micro CT
Creators: name: Eom, HyeJoung
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary bifurcation lesions has been associated with lower procedural success rates and worse clinical outcome compared with nonbifurcation lesions in the bare stent era (1). However, after the introduction of...
Phase engineering in tantalum sulfide monolayers on Au(111)
Creators: name: Dombrowski, Daniela
name: Samad, Abdus
name: Mehlich, Kai
name: Chagas, Thais
name: Schwingenschlögl, Udo
name: Busse, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prepare monolayers of tantalum sulfide on Au(111) by evaporation of Ta in a reactive background of H$_2$S. Under sulfur-rich conditions, monolayers of 2H-TaS$_2$ develop, whereas under sulfur-poor conditions TaS forms, a structure that can be derived from 2H-TaS$_2$ by removal of the bottom S layer. We analyse the alignment of the layers with respect to the substrate and the relation with the domains in the Au(111) herringbone reconstruction using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations we can determine the registry of the two phases with the substrate. We develop a growth process that allows preparation of uniquely oriented 2H-TaS$_2$ on Au(111). 2H-TaS$_2$ and TaS have a remarkably similar in-plane lattice structure and we observe the formation of lateral 2H-TaS$_2$-TaS heterostructures with atomically well-defined and defect-free boundaries. We observe mirror twin boundaries within 2H-TaS$_2$ along the S- and Ta-edge.
title: CT radiation dose optimisation: protocol harmonisation across 5 academic centers
Creators: name: Penaloza, Gabriela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer applications
subject: CT
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Education
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Background The Joint Department of Medical Imaging (JDMI) is comprised of three academic hospitals in Toronto, Canada: the University Health Network (UHN), Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH) and Women’s College Hospital (WCH). The JDMI performed over...
title: MR neurography for the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies involving the brachial plexus
Creators: name: Bao, yifang
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Inflammation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The most widely acceptable methods for diagnosing of peripheral neuropathies were including clinical examination and electrophysiological test, which one is invasive for patients. MRI is routinely used as anoninvasive mean for neurology, especially...
Educational interventions for medical students and postgraduate trainees to learn to provide integrated care for elderly patients: a scoping review.
Creators: name: van Wijngaarden, Mariëlle
name: van asselt, dieneke
name: Haan, Nynke
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: elderly
subject: integrated care
subject: medical education
subject: medical students
subject: scoping review

description: update following the completion of the study
The Key to Increasing Breastfeeding Duration: Empowering the Healthcare Team
Creators: name: Spiegel, Kathryn A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Experts and scientists agree that human milk is the best nutrition for human babies, but are healthcare professionals (HCPs) seizing the opportunity to promote, protect, and support breastfeeding? Not only are HCPs influential to the breastfeeding dyad, they hold a responsibility to perform evidence-based interventions to lengthen the duration of breastfeeding due to the extensive health benefits for mother and baby. This paper examines current HCPs‘ education, practices, attitudes, and extraneous factors to surface any potential contributing factors that shed light on necessary actions. Recommendations to empower HCPs to provide consistent, evidence-based care for the breastfeeding dyad include: standardized curriculum in medical/nursing school, continued education for maternity and non-maternity settings, emphasis on skin-to-skin, enforcement of evidence-based policies, implementation of "Baby-Friendly USA" interventions, and development of peer support networks. Requisite resources such as lactation consultants as well as appropriate medication and breastfeeding clinical management references aid HCPs in providing best practices to increase breastfeeding duration.
Impact of mindfulness on emotion perception bias and prosocial behaviour
Creators: name: Cortez Vázquez, Gabriela
name: Karremans, Johan
name: Bijlstra, Gijsbert
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: emotion perception bias
subject: mindfulness
subject: prosocial behaviour

description: The aim of the present study is examining the impact of mindfulness on emotion perception bias and prosocial behaviour. We will analyse whether a brief mindfulness induction reduces emotion perception bias toward Moroccan angry faces and Dutch happy faces and enhances prosocial behaviour toward Dutch and Moroccan crowdfunding causes. It is expected that after 7-minutes mindfulness induction participants: a) will show less angry facial recognition advantage for Moroccans and less happy facial recognition speed advantage for Dutch and b) greater general monetary donations and less differentiation of donations between Dutch and Moroccan crowdfunding causes. Additionally, we will analyse whether dispositional mindfulness predicts less emotion perception bias toward Moroccan angry faces and happy Dutch faces.
Discovery of a brown dwarf companion to the A3V star β Circini
Creators: name: Smith, L. C.
name: Lucas, P. W.
name: Peña, C. Contreras
name: Kurtev, R.
name: Marocco, F.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: Beamin, J. C.
name: Napiwotzki, R.
name: Borissova, J.
name: Burningham, B.
name: Faherty, J.
name: Pinfield, D. J.
name: Gromadzki, M.
name: Ivanov, V. D.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Stimson, W.
name: Villanueva, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of an L dwarf companion to the A3V star β Circini. VVV J151721.49-585131.5, or β Cir B, was identified in a proper motion and parallax catalogue of the Vista Variables in the Vía Láctea survey as having near infrared luminosity and colour indicative of an early L dwarf, and a proper motion and parallax consistent with that of β Cir. The projected separation of $\sim$3.6' corresponds to $6656$ au, which is unusually wide. The most recent published estimate of the age of the primary combined with our own estimate based on newer isochrones yields an age of $370-500$ Myr. The system therefore serves as a useful benchmark at an age greater than that of the Pleiades brown dwarfs and most other young L dwarf benchmarks. We have obtained a medium resolution echelle spectrum of the companion which indicates a spectral type of L1.0$\pm$0.5 and lacks the typical signatures of low surface gravity seen in younger brown dwarfs. This suggests that signs of low surface gravity disappear from the spectra of early L dwarfs by an age of $\sim370-500$ Myr, as expected from theoretical isochrones. The mass of β Cir B is estimated from the BHAC15 isochrones as $0.056\pm0.007$ M$_{\odot}$.
description: Accepted for publication in the MNRAS main journal
The Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (GAPlanetS): Optimization Techniques for Robust Detections of Protoplanets
Creators: name: Redai, Jéa I. Adams
name: Follette, Katherine B.
name: Wang, Jason
name: Balmer, William
name: Close, Laird M.
name: Dacus, Beck
name: Males, Jared R.
name: Morzinski, Katie M.
name: Palmo, Joseph
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Spiro, Elijah
name: Treiber, Helena
name: Ward-Duong, Kimberly
name: Watson, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-contrast imaging has afforded astronomers the opportunity to study light directly emitted by adolescent (tens of Myr) and ``proto" ($<$10Myr) planets still undergoing formation. Direct detection of these planets is enabled by empirical Point Spread Function (PSF) modeling and removal algorithms. The computational intensity of such algorithms, and their multiplicity of tunable input parameters, has led to the prevalence of ad-hoc optimization approaches to high-contrast imaging results. In this work, we present a new, systematic approach to optimization vetted using data of the high-contrast stellar companion HD 142527 B from the Magellan Adaptive Optics (MagAO) Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (GAPlanetS). More specifically, we present a grid search technique designed to explore three influential parameters of the PSF-subtraction algorithm pyKLIP -- annuli, movement, and KL modes. We consider multiple metrics for post-processed image quality in order to optimally recover at H$α$ (656nm) synthetic planets injected into contemporaneous continuum (643nm) images. These metrics include: peak (single-pixel) SNR, average (multi-pixel average) SNR, 5$σ$ contrast, and false-positive fraction. We apply continuum-optimized KLIP reduction parameters to six H$α$ direct detections of the low-mass stellar companion HD142527 B, and recover the companion at a range of separations. Relative to a single-informed, non-optimized set of KLIP parameters applied to all datasets uniformly, our multi-metric grid search optimization led to improvements in companion SNR of up to 1.2$σ$, with an average improvement of 0.6$σ$. Since many direct imaging detections lie close to the canonical 5$σ$ threshold, even such modest improvements may result in higher yields in future imaging surveys.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, Accepted to AJ
Formation of As-As Bond and Its Effect on Absence of Superconductivity in Collapsed Tetragonal Phase of Ca0.86Pr0.14Fe2As2 : An Optical Spectroscopy Study
Creators: name: Yang, Run
name: Le, Congcong
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Xu, Bing
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Nadeem, Kashif
name: Xiao, Hong
name: Hu, Jiangping
name: Qiu, Xianggang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependence of in plane optical conductivity has been investigated for Ca0.86Pr0.14Fe2As2 which shows a structural transition from tetragonal (T) to collapsed tetragonal(cT) phase at TcT=73 K. Upon entering the cT phase, drastic change characterized by the formation of a midinfrared peak near 3200 cm-1(0.4 eV) in the optical conductivity is observed.Analysis of the spectral weight reveals reduced electron correlation after the cT phase transition.Based on the calculated band structure and simulated optical conductivity, we attribute the new feature around 0.4 eV to the formation of interlayer As-As bond. The As-As bond strongly affects the Fe-As hybridizations, and in turn, drastically changes the Ca0.86Pr0.14Fe2As2 into a nonmagnetic Fermi liquid system without bulk superconductivity in the cT phase.