cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SUCCESSION PATTERNS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN'S DUALISTIC FARM STRUCTURES
Creators: name: Schnicke, Hauke Joachim
name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Sahrbacher, Christoph
name: Kellermann, Konrad
name: Schnicke, Hauke Joachim
name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Sahrbacher, Christoph
name: Kellermann, Konrad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: dualistic farm structures
subject: individual farms
subject: generation change
subject: succession

description: This paper analyses the interplay between farm adjustments on individual farms in dualistic farm structures over time using an agent-based simulation approach. In particular, explore the development of individual farms when there are off-farm work opportunities and different propensities of younger farm successors to take over the farm. Results show that despite of large numbers of individual farms leaving agriculture, the impacts on land use, production, and income are independent on different propensities to take over a farm.
The impact of beamstrahlung on precision measurements at CLIC
Creators: name: Datta, Asesh K.
name: Kong, Kyoungchul
name: Matchev, Konstantin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review two commonly used approximate treatments of beamstrahlung at lepton colliders. We discuss the applicability of those approximations and show that they are bound to fail at very high energy $e^+e^-$ colliders such as CLIC. We model the beamstrahlung effects at CLIC by an exact numerical solution to the evolution equation for beamstrahlung and compare to the two approximations. We also discuss the impact of beamstrahlung on precision measurements of new physics parameters. As an illustration we consider Kaluza-Klein lepton production in Universal Extra Dimensions and study the deterioration of the endpoint lepton energy spectrum caused by beamstrahlung.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 2005 International Linear Collider Workshop, Stanford, USA
Readings of the Lichnerowicz-York equation
Creators: name: Murchadha, Niall O
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: James York, in a major extension of André Lichnerowicz's work, showed how to construct solutions to the constraint equations of general relativity. The York method consists of choosing a 3-metric on a given manifold; a divergence-free, tracefree (TT) symmetric 2-tensor wrt this metric; and a single number, the trace of the extrinsic curvature. One then obtains a quasi-linear elliptic equation for a scalar function, the Lichnerowicz-York (L-Y) equation. The solution of this equation is used as a conformal factor to transform the data into a set that satisfies the constraints. If the manifold is compact and without boundary, one quantity that emerges is the volume of the physical space. This article reinterprets the L-Y equation as an eigenvalue equation so as to get a set of data with a preset physical volume. One chooses the conformal metric, the TT tensor, and the physical volume, while regarding the trace of the extrinsic curvature as a free parameter. The resulting equation has extremely nice uniqueness and existence properties. A even more radical approach would be to fix the base (conformal) metric, the physical volume, and the trace. One also selects a TT tensor, but one is free to multiply it by a constant(unspecified). One then solves the L-Y equation as an eigenvalue equation for this constant. A third choice would be to fix the TT tensor and and multiply the base metric by a constant. Each of these three formulations has good uniqueness and existence properties.
description: 12 pages
MODELING REGIONAL ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS WITH FUTURE CLIMATIC CHANGE INFLUENCE ACCOUNTING
Creators: name: Romanenko, Irina
name: Romanenko, Irina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Regional Economic-Mathematical Model
subject: Regional Alternative Management Scenarios
subject: Climate change
subject: Linear Programming Task
subject: Model of humus balance
subject: European Russia

description: The methodology of construction of the alternative agricultural production scenarios at regional level includes profitability and feasibility analysis based on assessment the effect of global climate change on productivity parameters for the main agricultural crops, cost efficiency of crop growing and cattle breeding. To propose links between economic adaptation to climate change and carbon (organic C) stock management in agricultural ecosystems for use in developing long-term adoption strategies at regional level, the regional economic-mathematical model was elaborated. It allows us to unify soil C driving variables and human environment factors.
Concept-based model explanations for Electronic Health Records
Creators: name: Mincu, Diana
name: Loreaux, Eric
name: Hou, Shaobo
name: Baur, Sebastien
name: Protsyuk, Ivan
name: Seneviratne, Martin G
name: Mottram, Anne
name: Tomasev, Nenad
name: Karthikesanlingam, Alan
name: Schrouff, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are often used for sequential modeling of adverse outcomes in electronic health records (EHRs) due to their ability to encode past clinical states. These deep, recurrent architectures have displayed increased performance compared to other modeling approaches in a number of tasks, fueling the interest in deploying deep models in clinical settings. One of the key elements in ensuring safe model deployment and building user trust is model explainability. Testing with Concept Activation Vectors (TCAV) has recently been introduced as a way of providing human-understandable explanations by comparing high-level concepts to the network's gradients. While the technique has shown promising results in real-world imaging applications, it has not been applied to structured temporal inputs. To enable an application of TCAV to sequential predictions in the EHR, we propose an extension of the method to time series data. We evaluate the proposed approach on an open EHR benchmark from the intensive care unit, as well as synthetic data where we are able to better isolate individual effects.
MODELLING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CROSS-COMPLIANCE UNDER ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
Creators: name: Bartolini, Fabio
name: Gallerani, Vittorio
name: Raggi, Meri
name: Viaggi, Davide
name: Bartolini, Fabio
name: Gallerani, Vittorio
name: Raggi, Meri
name: Viaggi, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Cross-compliance
subject: asymmetric information
subject: Single farm payment

description: The effects of cross-compliance depend on the strategies of participation/compliance of farmers, as well as on the ability of public administration to design appropriate mechanisms of control and sanctions. The objective of this paper is to present a reference framework for the analysis of cross-compliance under asymmetric information and to test the empirical relevance of the problem. The methodology is applied to a case study represented by the province of Bologna (Italy). The results show that, in the present conditions of control and sanctions, only a small share of farms is interested in complying with cross-compliance. The profitability of the choice of compliance/noncompliance depends mainly on the amount of single farm payment entitlements compared with the total land.. The main message, however, is that, in order to increase effectiveness, environmental prescriptions as well as control effort should be considered as a variable to be adapted to incentive compatibility criteria.
Estimation of impact of EU agricultural policies on the world market prices
Creators: name: Chantreuil, Frederic
name: Tabeau, Andrzej A.
name: Van Leeuwen, Myrna
name: Chantreuil, Frederic
name: Tabeau, Andrzej A.
name: Van Leeuwen, Myrna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: EU commodity markets
subject: price transmission
subject: partial equilibrium

description: According to world market studies, the influence of policy measures on the world market price in one or in a limited number of countries is, in general, much less significant than the influence of multilateral policy changes. To investigate the impact of EU agricultural policies on world market prices, we attempt to model the transmission between EU policy and world prices directly via world market price equations, as part of the AGMEMOD model.
Effects of energy dependence in the quasiparticle density of states on far-infrared absorption in the pseudogap state
Creators: name: Sharapov, S. G.
name: Carbotte, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a relationship between the optical conductivity scattering rate 1/τ(ω) and the electron-boson spectral function α^2F(Ω) valid for the case when the electronic density of states, N(ε), cannot be taken as constant in the vicinity of the Fermi level. This relationship turned out to be useful for analyzing the experimental data in the pseudogap state of cuprate superconductors.
description: 8 pages, RevTeX4, 1 EPS figure; final version published in PRB
title: Oak Thorn Kin: embodied practices of reciprocal restoration
Creators: name: Clarkson, Amy
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: This narrative nonfiction enacts and troubles the writing of wild places, as I move between an 'uninhabited’ landscape in the Scottish Highlands and urban parks, community gardens and nature reserves of Glasgow. Weaving a creativecritical path through environmental literature, feminist materialisms, and woodland ecology, it questions what ecological restoration means within the messiness of the Anthropocene, and how this implicates cultural, societal, and personal change. In this UN declared decade of ecological restoration, large scale conservation efforts, and in particular tree planting schemes, risk negating sensitivity to places and peoples through the urgency to sequester carbon, while biodiversity loss is treated separately from matters of social justice. The scientific discipline of ecological restoration is a process enacted on habitats and ecosystems, yet it holds potential to be collaborative and reciprocal. 

Using a practice-as-research approach, the event of becoming the resident of Airigh Drishaig— a woodland and cottage four miles from the nearest settlement or road— becomes an experiential study of reciprocal restoration. Bringing situated knowledge and feminist materialisms into relation with restoration epistemologies, the emphasis on more-than-human perspectives, lively matter and multi-agential movements allows for embodied practices to evolve in relationship with place. Walking, foraging, salvaging, coppicing, seed collection, seed dispersal and mapping become ways of connecting this fragment of ancient woodland to the larger story of how our ecological selves-in-relation (Plumwood) might respond to climate and biodiversity breakdown.

The writing follows an arboreal rhythm of growth and decomposition over a three-year period of fieldwork, enfolding multiple temporalities of the landscape into the text. As a former shieling site, Airigh Drishaig is shaped by patterns of transhumance, while the undercurrents of petrochemical industries and intensive aquaculture force confrontation with extractivism. Reciprocal restoration relates to former land practices, while enfolding the embodied experience and reimagining ecological futures. Rather than a human imposed solutionism, it emerges through processes of entanglement, including loss as well as regeneration, and which crucially, allows for creative learning and coliving within the multi-agential re-storying of landscapes.
MODELING THE IMPACT OF FOOD SAFETY INFORMATION ON MEAT DEMAND IN SPAIN
Creators: name: Radwan, Amr
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Ben Kaabia, Monia
name: Serra, Teresa
name: Radwan, Amr
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Ben Kaabia, Monia
name: Serra, Teresa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: meat consumption
subject: food safety information
subject: BSE
subject: demand systems
subject: GAIDS

description: This paper analyses the impact of food safety information about the 'mad-cow' crisis on the demand for different types of fresh meat and fish in Spain. The theoretical model explicitly incorporates food safety information in the consumers' utility function, from which demand equations are obtained. Two alternative functional forms have been considered, the standard AIDS and the Generalized Almost ideal Demand System (GAIDS) in order to overcome the problem of incorporating demand shifters in the traditional AIDS model. The food safety information has been incorporated into the demand function through a weighted information index built on the basis of the published news related to the mad-cow disease in the most popular Spanish newspaper. The comparison of elasticities from both models suggests that GAIDS elasticities are more consistent with the characteristics of meat and fish markets in Spain. Moreover, mass media information on BSE has had a statistically significant but small effect on the consumption of the different meat products in Spain.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Subsidies on Production and Technical Efficiency in Agriculture: The Case of Cotton Producers in Greece
Creators: name: Emvalomatis, Grigorios
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Stefanou, Spiro E.
name: Emvalomatis, Grigorios
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Stefanou, Spiro E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: panel data
subject: stochastic distance function
subject: subsidies in agriculture

description: Subsidies on production have long been criticized for protecting producers from competition, and thus removing an incentive for efficient use of the resources. This study undertakes the examination of the impact of partially decoupled subsidies on the technical efficiency scores of cotton producers in Greece. The results indicate that compensatory area payments reduce the efficiency scores of the producers by diverting resources from products for which the subsidy is based on the area planted to the production of cotton, for which the aid is related to the volume of output.
Small semi-Eberlein compacta and inverse limits
Creators: name: Correa, Claudia
name: Russo, Tommaso
name: Somaglia, Jacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54D30, 54C15 (primary), and 54C10 (secondary)

description: We study properties of semi-Eberlein compacta related to inverse limits. We concentrate our investigation on an interesting subclass of small semi-Eberlein compacta whose elements are obtained as inverse limits whose bonding maps are semi-open retractions.
DIE ROLLE DER AGRARWISSENSCHAFTEN IM PROZESS DER POLITISCHEN ENTSCHEIDUNGSFINDUNG-ERGEBNISSE EINES FORSCHUNGSPROJEKTES (German)
Creators: name: Kropp, Cordula
name: Schiller, Frank
name: Wagner, Jost
name: Kropp, Cordula
name: Schiller, Frank
name: Wagner, Jost
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Wissenschaftliche Politikberatung
subject: Politik-Zyklus
subject: politische Entscheidungsfindung

description: Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Rolle agrarwissenschaftliche Expertise im politischen Prozess auf der Bundesebene in Deutschland spielt und vor allem wie diese Expertise von Seiten der Politik aufgegriffen wird. Anhand des Modells des Politik-Zyklus werden die verschiedenen Phasen der Entscheidungsfindung dahingehend untersucht, mit welcher Art von Schnittstellenkommunikation zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik sie verbunden sind, in welchen institutionellen Strukturen diese stattfindet, welche Bedingungen durch diese Strukturen geschaffen werden und welche Rolle damit der Wissenschaft im politischen Geschehen dadurch zukommt. Diese Betrachtungsweise ermöglicht ein besseres Verständnis der gegenseitigen Erwartungen und Problemwahrnehmungen in den Prozessen der agrarwissenschaftlichen Politikberatung.
Studies of charm and beauty hadron long-range correlations in pp and pPb collisions at LHC energies
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the second Fourier harmonic coefficient ($v_2$) of the azimuthal distributions of prompt and nonprompt D$^0$ mesons produced in pp and pPb collisions are presented. Nonprompt D$^0$ mesons come from beauty hadron decays. The data samples are collected by the CMS experiment at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 13 and 8.16 TeV, respectively. In high multiplicity pp collisions, $v_2$ signals for prompt charm hadrons are reported for the first time, and are found to be comparable to those for light-flavor hadron species over a transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) range of 2-6 GeV. Compared at similar event multiplicities, the prompt D$^0$ meson $v_2$ values in pp and pPb collisions are similar in magnitude. The $v_2$ values for open beauty hadrons are extracted for the first time via nonprompt D$^0$ mesons in pPb collisions. For $p_\mathrm{T}$ in the range of 2-5 GeV, the results suggest that $v_2$ for nonprompt D$^0$ mesons are smaller than those for prompt D$^0$ mesons. These new measurements indicate a positive charm hadron $v_2$ in pp collisions and suggest a mass dependence in $v_2$ between charm and beauty hadrons in the pPb system. These results provide insights into the origin of heavy-flavor quark collectivity in small systems.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-19-009 (CMS Public Pages)
Properties of Coefficients of Certain Linear Forms in Generalized Polylogarithms
Creators: name: Zlobin, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J72; 11G55; 11M06; 33B30

description: We study properties of coefficients of a linear form, originating from a multiple integral. As a corollary, we prove Vasilyev's conjecture, connected with the problem of irrationality of the Riemann zeta function at odd integers.
description: to appear in the special issue of Fundamental and Applied Mathematics dedicated to the 90th birthday of A.B. Shidlovskii
A concentration inequality for interval maps with an indifferent fixed point
Creators: name: Chazottes, J. -R.
name: Collet, P.
name: Redig, F.
name: Verbitskiy, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a map of the unit interval with an indifferent fixed point, we prove an upper bound for the variance of all observables of $n$ variables $K:[0,1]^n\to\R$ which are componentwise Lipschitz. The proof is based on coupling and decay of correlation properties of the map. We then give various applications of this inequality to the almost-sure central limit theorem, the kernel density estimation, the empirical measure and the periodogram.
description: 26 pages, submitted
A Cabeça de Ifé: Uma Janela para a Civilização Africana Antiga
Creators: name: Gil, Francisco Baptista
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 360102
subject: Art history

description: A escultura africana é rica em diversidade e profundidade histórica, revelando a complexidade das culturas que floresceram no continente ao longo dos séculos. Entre as obras que brilham como tesouros da arte africana antiga, destaca-se "The Ife Head". Essa escultura, originária da cidade de Ifé, na Nigéria, não é apenas uma obra-prima estética, mas também uma peça que desvela aspectos importantes da civilização africana.
DIE BEWERTUNG VON LAND- UND FORSTWIRTSCHAFTLICHEM VERMOGEN VOR DEM HINTERGRUND EINER ERBSCHAFTSSTEUERREFORM IN OSTERREICH UND DEUTSCHLAND (German)
Creators: name: Peyerl, Hermann
name: Bahrs, Enno
name: Peyerl, Hermann
name: Bahrs, Enno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Erbschaftssteuer
subject: Ertragswert
subject: Liegenschaftsbewertung
subject: Verkehrswert

description: Sowohl in Österreich als auch in Deutschland wurde die Erbschaftssteuer aufgrund einer gleichheitswidrigen Liegenschaftsbewertung vom jeweiligen Verfassungsgericht aufgehoben. Die Bewertung hat grundsätzlich mit dem gemeinen Wert zu erfolgen, für Liegenschaften sowie für land- und forstwirtschaftliches Vermögen wird in Österreich bislang jedoch das Dreifache des Einheitswertes und in Deutschland der Grundbesitzwert bzw. der Betriebswert in Ansatz gebracht. Während der österreichische Verfassungsgerichtshof nur die pauschale Vervielfachung von historischen Einheitswerten als untauglich qualifiziert, fordert das deutsche Bundesverfassungsgericht eine generelle Bewertung mit dem gemeinen Wert. Dieser Beitrag geht deshalb der Frage nach adäquaten Wertansätzen aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Perspektive nach. Das vorgestellte Erklärungsmodell zeigt, dass die Bewertung von land- und forstwirtschaftlichem Vermögen auf Ertragswerten basieren sollte.
The effect of environment on the UV colour-magnitude relation of early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Schawinski, K.
name: Kaviraj, S.
name: Khochfar, S.
name: Yoon, S. -J.
name: Yi, S. K.
name: Deharveng, J. -M.
name: Boselli, A.
name: Barlow, T.
name: Conrow, T.
name: Forster, K.
name: Friedman, P.
name: Martin, D. C.
name: Morrissey, P.
name: Neff, S.
name: Schiminovich, D.
name: Seibert, M.
name: Small, T.
name: Wyder, T.
name: Bianchi, L.
name: Donas, J.
name: Heckman, T.
name: Lee, Y. -W.
name: Madore, B.
name: Milliard, B.
name: Rich, R. M.
name: Szalay, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use \textit{GALEX} (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) near-UV (NUV) photometry of a sample of early-type galaxies selected in \textit{SDSS} (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) to study the UV color-magnitude relation (CMR). $NUV-r$ color is an excellent tracer of even small amounts ($\sim 1$% mass fraction) of recent ($\la 1$ Gyr) star formation and so the $NUV-r$ CMR allows us to study the effect of environment on the recent star formation history. We analyze a volume-limited sample of 839 visually-inspected early-type galaxies in the redshift range $0.05 < z < 0.10$ brighter than $M_{r}$ of -21.5 with any possible emission-line or radio-selected AGN removed to avoid contamination. We find that contamination by AGN candidates and late-type interlopers highly bias any study of recent star formation in early-type galaxies and that, after removing those, our lower limit to the fraction of massive early-type galaxies showing signs of recent star formation is roughly $30 \pm 3%$ This suggests that residual star formation is common even amongst the present day early-type galaxy population. We find that the fraction of UV-bright early-type galaxies is 25% higher in low-density environments. However, the density effect is clear only in the lowest density bin. The blue galaxy fraction for the subsample of the brightest early-type galaxies however shows a very strong density dependence, in the sense that the blue galaxy fraction is lower in a higher density region.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, paper with high-resolution figures can be downloaded at: http://www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk/~kevins/PAPERS/uv_environment.ps
OKONOMETRISCHE ANALYSE VON MARKTMACHT AUF DEM UKRAINISCHEN MARKT FUR ROHMILCH
Creators: name: Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr
name: Grings, Michael
name: Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr
name: Grings, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Marktstruktur
subject: Marktmacht
subject: Neue Empirische Industrieökonomik
subject: Ukraine

description: Der Forschungsschwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt in der empirischen Untersuchung der Nachfragemacht der ukrainischen Milchverarbeitungsindustrie nach Rohmilch. Für die ökonometrische Analyse der Preisbildung auf dem ukrainischen Markt für Rohmilch wurde ein sektorales komparativ-statisches Strukturmodell formuliert, das auf der Neuen Empirischen Industrieökonomik (New Empirical Industrial Organization - NEIO) basiert. Das Modell besteht aus einer kurzfristigen Angebotsfunktion für Rohmilch und einer Optimierungsbedingung T für die TgewinnmaximierendeT Nachfrage der Milchverarbeitungsunternehmen T nach Rohmilch. Die Ergebnisse der ökonometrischen Schätzung des Marktstrukturmodells geben keine Anhaltspunkte für die Existenz von Marktmacht in der ukrainischen Milchverarbeitungsindustrie auf der nationalen Ebene für den Untersuchungszeitraum von Januar 1996 bis Dezember 2003. Dies schließt jedoch die Existenz von Marktmacht auf der regionalen Ebene nicht aus.
ZUR OKONOMIK VON MASCHINENGEMEINSCHAFTEN IN KLEINSTRUKTURIERTEN AGRARGEBIETEN (German)
Creators: name: Aurbacher, Joachim
name: Lippert, Christian
name: Dabbert, Stephan
name: Aurbacher, Joachim
name: Lippert, Christian
name: Dabbert, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Maschinengemeinschaft
subject: Investition
subject: Natürliches Monopol
subject: Spieltheorie
subject: Pfadabhängigkeit

description: Maschinengemeinschaften werden oft als Möglichkeit zur Kostensenkung propagiert. Trotzdem kommen viele Kooperationen nicht zustande. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass es Situationen gibt, in denen neben psychologisch-sozialen Hemmnissen auch ökonomische Gründe eigentlich rentable Maschinengemeinschaften verhindern können. Ursachen können in schlechten Verkaufsmöglichkeiten für vorhandene Maschinen oder in der Asynchronität ihrer Ersatzzeitpunkte liegen, was zu permanenter Pfadabhängigkeit führen kann. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei die unterschiedliche Zahlungsbereitschaft von verschieden strukturierten Betrieben für eine neue Maschine. Dieser Aspekt wird im vorliegenden Beitrag erstmalig einer eingehenden Analyse unterzogen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es Fälle gibt, in denen eine Maschinengemeinschaft rentabel wäre, bei denen es jedoch unmöglich ist, einen einheitlichen kostendeckenden Verrechnungspreis für den Maschineneinsatz zu finden. Da die Alternative der Preisdifferenzierung ebenfalls problematisch ist, kann in diesen Fällen nicht von irrationalem Verhalten der Landwirte gesprochen werden, wenn die Maschinengemeinschaft nicht zustande kommt.
MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) V. The dust/metallicity-anisotropy of the Circum-Galactic Medium
Creators: name: Wendt, Martin
name: Bouché, Nicolas F.
name: Zabl, Johannes
name: Schroetter, Ilane
name: Muzahid, Sowgat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate whether the dust content of the circum-galactic medium (CGM) depends on the location of the quasar sightline with respect to the galaxy major-axis using 13 galaxy-MgII absorber pairs (9 - 81 kpc distance) from the MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) survey at 0.4 < z < 1.4. The dust content of the CGM is obtained from [Zn/Fe] using Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) data. When a direct measurement of [Zn/Fe] is unavailable, we estimate the dust depletion from a method which consists in solving for the depletion from multiple singly ionized ions (e.g. MnII, CrII, ZnII) since each ion depletes on dust grains at different rates. We find a positive correlation between the azimuthal angle and [Zn/Fe] with a Pearson's r = 0.70 +/- 0.14. The sightlines along the major axis show [Zn/Fe] < 0.5, whereas the [Zn/Fe] is > 0.8 along the minor axis. These results suggest that the CGM along the minor axis is on average more metal enriched (by ~ 1 dex) than the gas located along the major axis of galaxies provided that dust depletion is a proxy for metallicity. This anisotropic distribution is consistent with recent results on outflow and accretion in hydro-dynamical simulations.
description: 13 pages, accepted by MNRAS, update
Generating Large Cats with Nine Lives: Long-Lived Macroscopically Distinct Superposition States in Atomic Ensembles
Creators: name: Qin, Wei
name: Miranowicz, Adam
name: Jing, Hui
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to create and stabilize long-lived macroscopic quantum superposition states in atomic ensembles. We show that using a fully quantum parametric amplifier can cause the simultaneous decay of two atoms and, in turn, create stabilized atomic Schrödinger cat states. Remarkably, even with modest parameters these intracavity atomic cat states can have an extremely long lifetime, up to \emph{4 orders of magnitude} longer than that of intracavity photonic cat states under the same parameter conditions, reaching \emph{tens of milliseconds}. This lifetime of atomic cat states is ultimately limited to \emph{several seconds} by extremely weak spin relaxation and thermal noise. Our work opens up a new way toward the long-standing goal of generating large-size and long-lived cat states, with immediate interests both in fundamental studies and noise-immune quantum technologies.
description: 7+14 pages, 3+7 figures
Low-scaling $GW$ with benchmark accuracy and application to phosphorene nanosheets
Creators: name: Wilhelm, Jan
name: Seewald, Patrick
name: Golze, Dorothea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $GW$ is an accurate method for computing electron addition and removal energies of molecules and solids. In a conventional $GW$ implementation, however, its computational cost is $O(N^4)$ in the system size $N$, which prohibits its application to many systems of interest. We present a low-scaling $GW$ algorithm with notably improved accuracy compared to our previous algorithm [J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9, 306-312]. This is demonstrated for frontier orbitals using the $GW100$ benchmark set, for which our algorithm yields a mean absolute deviation of only 6 meV with respect to canonical implementations. We show that also excitations of deep valence, semi-core and unbound states match conventional schemes within 0.1 eV. The high accuracy is achieved by using minimax grids with 30 grid points and the resolution of the identity with the truncated Coulomb metric. We apply the low-scaling $GW$ algorithm with improved accuracy to phosphorene nanosheets of increasing size. We find that their fundamental gap is strongly size-dependent varying from 4.0 eV (1.8 nm $\times$ 1.3 nm, 88 atoms) to 2.4 eV (6.9 nm $\times$ 4.8 nm, 990 atoms) at the $\text{ev}GW_0$@PBE level.
A 96-Channel FPGA-based Time-to-Digital Converter
Creators: name: Bogdan, Mircea
name: Frisch, Henry
name: Heintz, Mary
name: Paramonov, Alexander
name: Sanders, Harold
name: Chappa, Steve
name: DeMaat, Robert
name: Klein, Rod
name: Miao, Ting
name: Wilson, Peter
name: Phillips, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an FPGA-based, 96-channel, time-to-digital converter (TDC) intended for use with the Central Outer Tracker (COT) in the CDF Experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. The COT system is digitized and read out by 315 TDC cards, each serving 96 wires of the chamber. The TDC is physically configured as a 9U VME card. The functionality is almost entirely programmed in firmware in two Altera Stratix FPGA's. The special capabilities of this device are the availability of 840 MHz LVDS inputs, multiple phase-locked clock modules, and abundant memory. The TDC system operates with an input resolution of 1.2 ns. Each input can accept up to 7 hits per collision. The time-to-digital conversion is done by first sampling each of the 96 inputs in 1.2-ns bins and filling a circular memory; the memory addresses of logical transitions (edges) in the input data are then translated into the time of arrival and width of the COT pulses. Memory pipelines with a depth of 5.5 $μ$s allow deadtime-less operation in the first-level trigger. The TDC VME interface allows a 64-bit Chain Block Transfer of multiple boards in a crate with transfer-rates up to 47 Mbytes/sec. The TDC also contains a separately-programmed data path that produces prompt trigger data every Tevatron crossing. The full TDC design and multi-card test results are described. The physical simplicity ensures low-maintenance; the functionality being in firmware allows reprogramming for other applications.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures
Game-theoric approach to decision-making problem for blockchain mining
Creators: name: Toda, Kosuke
name: Kuze, Naomi
name: Ushio, Toshimitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is an important decision-making problem for a miner in the blockchain networks if he/she participates in the mining so that he/she earns a reward by creating a new block earlier than other miners. We formulate this decision-making problem as a noncooperative game, because the probability of creating a block depends not only on one's own available computational resources, but also those of other miners. Through theoretical and numerical analyses, we show a hysteresis phenomenon of Nash equilibria depending on the reward and a jump phenomenon of miner decisions by a slight change in reward. We also show that the reward for which miners decide not to participate in the mining becomes smaller as the number of miners increases.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures an extended version of a manuscript accepted to IEEE L-CSS
A Chandra Snapshot Survey of Representative High-Redshift Radio-Loud Quasars from the Parkes-MIT-NRAO Sample
Creators: name: Lopez, L. A.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Vignali, C.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Chartas, G.
name: Garmire, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of Chandra ACIS-S snapshot observations of six radio-loud quasars (RLQs) at z=3.5-4.7. These observations sample luminous RLQs with moderate-to-high radio-loudness (R=200-9600) and aim to connect the X-ray properties of radio-quiet quasars (R<10) and highly radio-loud blazars (R>1000) at high redshift. This work extends a study by Bassett et al. (2004) which used similar methods to examine z > 4 RLQs with moderate radio-loudness (R=40-400). All of our targets are clearly detected. A search for extended X-ray emission associated with kpc-scale radio jets revealed only limited evidence for X-ray extension in our sample: three sources showed no evidence of X-ray extension, and the other three had 3-30% of their total X-ray fluxes extended >1 arcsec away from their X-ray cores. Additionally, we do not observe any systematic flattening of the optical-to-X-ray spectral index (alpha_{ox}) compared to low-redshift quasars. These results suggest that kpc-scale X-ray jet emission is not dominated by inverse-Compton scattering of CMB-seed photons off jet electrons. We measured X-ray continuum shapes and performed individual and joint spectral fits of our data combined with eight archival RLQs. A single power-law model acceptably fit the data. We added an intrinsic absorption component to our model, and neither the moderate-R nor the high-R fits set a lower bound on N_H. Our spectral results suggest that intrinsic absorption does not strongly depend on radio-loudness, and high-R sources have flatter power laws than moderate-R sources. Overall, our high-redshift RLQs have basic X-ray properties consistent with similar RLQs in the local universe.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, Accepted by AJ
HOW CAN THE ENERGY USE IN SWISS AGRICULTURE BE ASSESSED IN ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL TERMS?
Creators: name: Mack, Gabriele
name: Ferjani, Ali
name: Kranzlein, Tim
name: Mann, Stefan
name: Mack, Gabriele
name: Ferjani, Ali
name: Kranzlein, Tim
name: Mann, Stefan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Energie-Input
subject: Einkommensmaximierung
subject: Mehrzieloptimierung
subject: Effizienz
subject: Energy use
subject: Income maximisation
subject: Multi-objective programming
subject: Efficiency

description: This contribution aims to assess agricultural production in energetic and economic terms taking the example of Switzerland. The concept of eco-efficiency is applied. From a methodological point of view, the maximal level of efficiency of energy input is analysed using multiobjective optimisation. From a limited number of alternatives, the economic and energetic efficient alternative is chosen that shows the highest sectoral income in relation to its energy input. The calculations show, that in Swiss plant production more room exists for efficient energy savings than in animal production. In Swiss plain regions, from an solely economic point of view, energy input is considerably higher than under the consideration of energetic aspects in the objective function. On the other hand, in the hill and mountain region, energy use shows a relatively high level of efficiency. Dieser Beitrag hat zum Ziel, die landwirtschaftliche Produktion am Beispiel der Schweiz sowohl aus energetischer, als auch aus ökonomischer Sicht zu bewerten. Dazu wird das Konzept der Öko-Effizienz angewandt. Methodisch wird der maximale Grad der Effizienz des Energie- Inputs mittels Mehrzieloptimierung untersucht. Aus einer begrenzten Anzahl von Varianten wird die ökonomisch und energetisch effizienteste Variante ausgewählt, welche das höchste Sektoreinkommen in Relation zum Energie-Input aufweist. Die Berechnungen ergeben, dass die pflanzliche Produktion in der Schweiz grössere Spielräume zur effizienten Energieeinsparung aufweist als die tierische Produktion. Der Energie-Input in der Schweizer Talregion ist aus rein ökonomischen Aspekten deutlich höher als unter zusätzlicher Berücksichtigung von energetischen Aspekten in der Zielfunktion. Demgegenüber weist der Energie- Input in der Hügel- und Bergregion einen relativ hohen Grad an Effizienz auf.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 12/05/07.
Vacuum-Ultraviolet Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy of Gaseous, Liquid, and Supercritical Xenon
Creators: name: Wahl, Christian
name: Hoffmann, Marvin
name: Hoevel, Thilo vom
name: Vewinger, Frank
name: Weitz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bose-Einstein condensation, an effect long known for material particles as cold atomic gases, has in recent years also been observed for photons in microscopic optical cavitites. Here, we report absorption and emission spectroscopic measurements on the lowest electronic transition ($5\text{p}^6 \rightarrow 5\text{p}^5 6\text{s}$) of xenon, motivated by the search for a thermalization medium for photon Bose-Einstein condensation in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral regime. We have recorded pressure-broadened xenon spectra in the 135 nm to 190 nm wavelength regime at conditions near the critical point. The explored pressure and temperature range includes high pressure gaseous xenon below the critical pressure and supercritical xenon at room temperature, as well as liquid xenon close to the boiling point near the critical pressure.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Consistency in Formulation of Spin Current and Torque Associated with a Variance of Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Wang, Yong
name: Xia, Ke
name: Su, Zhao-Bin
name: Ma, Zhongshui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stimulated generally by recent interest in the novel spin Hall effect, the nonrelativistic quantum mechanical conserved currents, taken into account of spin-orbit coupling, are rigorously formulated based on the symmetries of system and Noether' theorem. The quantum mechanical force on the spin as well as the torque associated with the variance of angular momentum are obtained. Consequently, the kinetic interpretation of the variances of spin and orbit angular momentum currents implies a torque on the "electric dipole" associated with the moving spin. The bearing of the force and the torque on the properties of spin current in a two-dimensional electron gas with the Rashba spin-orbit interaction is discussed.
description: 4 pages, no figure
Transcription of the narration of Reel #2 (collection LA 256)
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Kelly, Christine
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-150417-02: transcription of VP-180317-06 (narration of Reel #2 from the LA 256 collection at SCOIL, one of six reels of 8mm film created by Verdena in the 1960s, featuring scenes of everyday life around Hoopa Valley as well as Brush Dances). From 5:36 to 8:30. Due to re-numbering, Reel #2 has been assigned the CLA item number LA 256.041.
Time-of-flight studies of muon catalyzed fusion with a muonic tritium beam
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Makoto C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: In this thesis, we establish a new approach in muon catalyzed fusion studies, the time-of- flight method with an atomic beam of muonic tritium, and report results for muonic tritium scattering and epithermal dμt resonant formation, providing the first quantitatve measurements on these reactions. Emission of muonic tritium from a solid hydrogen thin film into vacuum was observed via imaging of muon decay electrons, and the measurement of the position and the time of muon decay provided spectroscopic evidence for the Ramsauer-Townsend effect in the μt + p interaction. The RT minimum energy was determined to be 13.6 ±1.0 eV, in fair agreement with quantum three body calculations. Using this μt beam, we have confirmed theoretical μt + d scattering cross sections to an accuracy of 10% by measuring the attenuation of μt through a deuterium layer. The importance of p-wave scattering in the μt + d interaction, as suggested by the theory, was also confirmed by our data via comparisons with Monte Carlo calculations assuming different scattering angular distributions. The existence of a predicted resonance for dμt formation in μt + D₂ collisions was directly confirmed for the first time. Our results correspond to a peak resonance rate of (8.7 ± 2.1) x 10⁹ s⁻¹ in Faifman's model, more than an order of magnitude larger than the room temperature rates, and indicate a resonance energy of 0.42 ± 0.04 eV for the F=l resonance peak in ortho deuterium. Assuming the theoretical [(dμt)dee] energy spectrum, these results imply sensitivity to the binding energy of the loosely bound state of the dμt molecule, with an accuracy approaching the magnitude of the relativistic and… QED effects.
Lagrangian theory of structure formation in relativistic cosmology. VI. Comparison with Szekeres exact solutions
Creators: name: Gaspar, Ismael Delgado
name: Buchert, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the relation between the Szekeres models and relativistic Lagrangian perturbation schemes, in particular the Relativistic Zel'dovich Approximation (RZA). We show that the second class of the Szekeres solutions is exactly contained within the RZA when the latter is restricted to an irrotational dust source with a flow-orthogonal foliation of spacetime. In such a case, the solution is governed by the first principal scalar invariant of the deformation field, proving a direct connection with a class of Newtonian three-dimensional solutions without symmetry. For the second class, a necessary and sufficient condition for the vanishing of cosmological backreaction on a scale of homogeneity is expressed through integral constraints. Domains with no backreaction can be smoothly matched, forming a lattice model, where exact deviations average out at a given scale of homogeneity, and the homogeneous and isotropic background is recovered as an average property of the model. Although the connection with the first class of Szekeres solutions is not straightforward, this class allows for the interpretation in terms of a spatial superposition of nonintersecting fluid lines, where each world line evolves independently and under the RZA model equations, but with different associated `local backgrounds'. This points to the possibility of generalizing the Lagrangian perturbation schemes to structure formation models on evolving backgrounds, including global cosmological backreaction.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure; matches published version in PRD
ESTIMATING NON-CONCAVE METAFRONTIERS USING DATA ENVELOPE ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Francksen, Tammo
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Francksen, Tammo
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Efficiency analysis
subject: Metafrontier production function
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis

description: In this article we propose non-concave metafrontiers for estimating the inefficiency among production functions which do not necessarily belong to the same technology. In this case, estimating a joint production by literature approaches might be inappropriate. We call this inefficiency technological inefficiency and suggest Data Envelopment Analysis to construct a metafrontier production function which consists only of parts of different (group) frontier production functions. Thus, in contrast to the common literature our metafrontier does not need any assumptions additional to the group production functions. We illustrate our approach by means of a large sample of differently diversified crop farms. Results show that the literature approach overestimates the technological inefficiency in our sample for 75% of the observations and on average up to 7%-points in a diversification class of farms.