cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enabling change in family farm businesses
Creators: name: Fulton, ALA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The central argument of the thesis is that as the dominant economic and social structure in advanced industrialized agriculture, the family farm business is central to enabling change in rural Australia. A deep understanding of the family farm business ‚ÄövÑvÆ its components and their interactions ‚ÄövÑvÆ is critical to designing mechanisms for enabling change in Australian agriculture. The process of enabling change needs to address the needs of the right people, at the right time. A service brokering model ‚ÄövÑvÆ which incorporates this approach ‚ÄövÑvÆ is proposed as an alternative to the current 'product-push' model of extension in Australia. The thesis is presented as a series of selected research papers, published over several years, and which have a common proposition: that understanding the social dynamics of the family farm business is core to enabling change in Australian agriculture. In addition to a general introduction to enabling change in family farm businesses, the papers address the following topics: ‚Äö Identification of the characteristics of family farm businesses as the dominant structural unit in Australian agriculture (Paper I) ‚Äö A review of the role and needs of women in family farm businesses in Australia (Paper 2) ‚Äö Research on the role of agribusiness in family farm decision making (Paper 3) ‚Äö An assessment of the barriers to farm diversification in regional Tasmania (Paper 4) ‚Äö A review of research on agricultural extension, learning and change (Paper 5) ‚Äö Identification of effective processes for ensuring the content of learning activities for family farm businesses is relevant to their changing needs (Paper 6) ‚Äö The case for meeting the needs of family farm businesses through training brokerage (Paper 7) Across the papers, a conceptual framework to assist in the design of programmes aimed at enabling change in family farm businesses in Australia is presented. This model conceives family farm business behaviour as the outcome of the interactions between the family, the natural resources which are farmed, and the farm business, all within a broader social, economic and political context. The thesis presents an alternate extension model to the current 'product-push' model. The service broker concept addresses the provision of extension services in agriculture by focusing on the needs of family farm businesses. A case is made for agencies to act as 'brokers' between family farm businesses and the wide range of services available to address their needs. Such an approach, coordinated at a regional level, has the potential to deliver a major breakthrough in the rate of improvement in the sustainability of our family farm businesses, our rural industries and rural and regional Australia.
The effects of mismatches on hybridization in DNA microarrays: determination of nearest neighbor parameters
Creators: name: Hooyberghs, J.
name: Van Hummelen, P.
name: Carlon, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Quantifying interactions in DNA microarrays is of central importance for a better understanding of their functioning. Hybridization thermodynamics for nucleic acid strands in aqueous solution can be described by the so-called nearest-neighbor model, which estimates the hybridization free energy of a given sequence as a sum of dinucleotide terms. Compared with its solution counterparts, hybridization in DNA microarrays may be hindered due to the presence of a solid surface and of a high density of DNA strands. We present here a study aimed at the determination of hybridization free energies in DNA microarrays. Experiments are performed on custom Agilent slides. The solution contains a single oligonucleotide. The microarray contains spots with a perfect matching complementary sequence and other spots with one or two mismatches: in total 1006 different probe spots, each replicated 15 times per microarray. The free energy parameters are directly fitted from microarray data. The experiments demonstrate a clear correlation between hybridization free energies in the microarray and in solution. The experiments are fully consistent with the Langmuir model at low intensities, but show a clear deviation at intermediate (non-saturating) intensities. These results provide new interesting insights for the quantification of molecular interactions in DNA microarrays.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures
For Democracy, Strike Debt: Resonances of Abolition in the Occupy Movement
Creators: name: Mirzoeff, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Blacks
History
Social sciences--Research

description: How do social movements move? Tiqqun, the French collective that authored The Coming Insurrection, suggests that 'movements do not spread by contamination,' but by 'resonance' between radical moments, and that is certainly what we have seen with the upsurge of popular resistance in recent years. If the autoimmune spreads by contagion, autonomy spreads by resonance. In this spirit, I would like to suggest that there is a chain of resonance from the Haitian revolutionaries through the US Abolitionists and Reconstructionists down to today’s critiques of the prison-industrial complex and the global justice movements. Specifically, while those who campaign against debt are often told that there is no precedent for their ideas, the history of these radical moments in the Americas suggests that any democracy worthy of the name is also an economic transformation that takes into account the racialization of debt. Running though this chain is what Toni Morrison called the “re-memory” of slavery, a physical or visual evocation of the past that 'comes back whether we want it to or not.' Each of these moments returns periodically, repeatedly, because justice has not yet been served. Abolition, whether of chattel slavery or debt, is not a simple event or a moment but a chain of interwoven and interactive events. Far from being a neutral tool of accounting, debt is always a method of racializing subjects, whether into 'whiteness,' 'blackness,' being 'indigenous,' or otherwise. Any campaign against debt thus becomes a campaign for a democracy comprised of free subjects. Within the Occupy movement, the call for debt abolition began with the recognition of unprecedented levels of student indebtedness and the formation of the Occupy Student Debt Campaign in October 2011. As the movement developed, increasingly all kinds of household debt were targeted by a new campaign calling itself Strike Debt. A critique soon arose that debt is paradoxically an 'elite' phenomenon, because only people of means, usually 'white' people, have access to debt. In The Debt Resistors’ Operations Manual, Strike Debt has collectively responded to this critique, asserting that 'debt is a calculated attack on the very possibility of democracy.' As ever in the Americas, this assault targets people of color first, leading to the designation of debt as an 'economic hate crime.'"
Quadrupole Moments of Neutron-Deficient $^{20, 21}$Na
Creators: name: Minamisono, K.
name: Matsuta, K.
name: Minamisono, T.
name: Levy, C. D. P.
name: Nagatomo, T.
name: Ogura, M.
name: Sumikama, T.
name: Behr, J. A.
name: Jackson, K. P.
name: Mihara, M.
name: Fukuda, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electric-quadrupole coupling constant of the ground states of the proton drip line nucleus $^{20}$Na($I^π$ = 2$^{+}$, $T_{1/2}$ = 447.9 ms) and the neutron-deficient nucleus $^{21}$Na($I^π$ = 3/2$^{+}$, $T_{1/2}$ = 22.49 s) in a hexagonal ZnO single crystal were precisely measured to be $|eqQ/h| = 690 \pm 12$ kHz and 939 $\pm$ 14 kHz, respectively, using the multi-frequency $β$-ray detecting nuclear magnetic resonance technique under presence of an electric-quadrupole interaction. A electric-quadrupole coupling constant of $^{27}$Na in the ZnO crystal was also measured to be $|eqQ/h| = 48.4 \pm 3.8$ kHz. The electric-quadrupole moments were extracted as $|Q(^{20}$Na)$|$ = 10.3 $\pm$ 0.8 $e$ fm$^2$ and $|Q(^{21}$Na)$|$ = 14.0 $\pm$ 1.1 $e$ fm$^2$, using the electric-coupling constant of $^{27}$Na and the known quadrupole moment of this nucleus as references. The present results are well explained by shell-model calculations in the full $sd$-shell model space.
description: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
On the onset of runaway stellar collisions in dense star clusters - II. Hydrodynamics of three-body interactions
Creators: name: Gaburov, Evghenii
name: Lombardi, James
name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The onset of runaway stellar collisions in young star clusters is more likely to initiate with an encounter between a binary and a third star than between two single stars. Using the initial conditions of such three-star encounters from direct $N$-body simulations, we model the resulting interaction by means of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). We find that, in the majority of the cases considered, all three stars merge together, and in such three star mergers, the hydrodynamic simulations reveal that: (1) mass lost as ejecta can be a considerable fraction of the total mass in the system (up to $\sim25$%); (2) due to asymmetric mass loss, the collision product can sometimes receive a kick velocity that exceeds 10 km/s, large enough to allow the collision product to escape the core of the cluster; and (3) the energy of the ejected matter can be large enough (up to $\sim 3\times 10^{50}$ erg) to remove or disturb the inter cluster gas appreciably.
description: 23 pages, 24 figures, Submitted to MNRAS
The filamentation instability driven by warm electron beams: Statistics and electric field generation
Creators: name: Dieckmann, M E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The filamentation instability of counterpropagating symmetric beams of electrons is examined with 1D and 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, which are oriented orthogonally to the beam velocity vector. The beams are uniform, warm and their relative speed is mildly relativistic. The dynamics of the filaments is examined in 2D and it is confirmed that their characteristic size increases linearly in time. Currents orthogonal to the beam velocity vector are driven through the magnetic and electric fields in the simulation plane. The fields are tied to the filament boundaries and the scale size of the flow-aligned and the perpendicular currents are thus equal. It is confirmed that the electrostatic and the magnetic forces are equally important, when the filamentation instability saturates in 1D. Their balance is apparently the saturation mechanism of the filamentation instability for our initial conditions. The electric force is relatively weaker but not negligible in the 2D simulation, where the electron temperature is set higher to reduce the computational cost. The magnetic pressure gradient is the principal source of the electrostatic field, when and after the instability saturates in the 1D simulation and in the 2D simulation.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted by the Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion (Special Issue EPS 2009)
Monte-Carlo simulation study of the two-stage percolation transition in enhanced binary trees
Creators: name: Nogawa, Tomoaki
name: Hasegawa, Takehisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform Monte-Carlo simulations to study the Bernoulli ($p$) bond percolation on the enhanced binary tree which belongs to the class of nonamenable graphs with one end. Our numerical results show that the system has two different percolation thresholds $p_{c1}$ and $p_{c2}$. All the points in the intermediate phase $(p_{c1} < p < p_{c2})$ are critical and there exist infinitely many infinite clusters in the intermediate phase. In this phase the corresponding fractal exponent continuously increases with $p$ from zero to unity.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Elizabethkingia miricolainfection in multiple anuran species
Creators: name: Trimpert, Jakob
name: Eichhorn, Inga
name: Vladimirova, Daria
name: Haake, Alexander
name: Schink, Anne-Kathrin
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
name: Lübke-Becker, Antina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: amphibian
subject: anuran
subject: bacterial infection
subject: Bombina microdeladigitora
subject: Elizabethkingia miricola
subject: frog
subject: leopard frog
subject: Lithobates pipiens
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: This report describes an outbreak of Elizabethkingia miricola in northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) and three other species of frogs and toads held in captivity in Germany. The authors examine several treatment options and underline the difficulties in treating larger numbers of individuals with antimicrobials applied through bathing. Whole genome sequencing of three bacterial isolates emphasizes their relatedness to other frog isolates and leads us to conclude that E. miricola is an emerging and difficult to treat pathogen with a broad host range across anuran species. Moreover, ambiguities in identification of flavobacteria associated with disease in frogs reported in the literature make it seem possible that E. miricola has been overlooked as an anuran pathogen in the past.
Detection of Arcobacter species in different intestinal compartments of broiler chicken during slaughter and processing
Creators: name: Schönknecht, Antje
name: Alter, Thomas
name: Gölz, Greta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Arcobacter
subject: broiler chicken
subject: Germany
subject: intestinal content
subject: slaughterhouse
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Arcobacter spp. are commonly present on meat products. However, the source of contamination on chicken meat is under dispute. Since different studies reported contradictory results on the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. inside the intestinal tract of chicken, our study examined four intestinal compartments at four significant production steps during broiler slaughter and processing in the slaughterhouse. Altogether, 157 intestinal tracts from 19 flocks were examined qualitatively and semiquantitatively applying a selective enrichment. Further verification was performed by mPCR and rpoB sequencing. Arcobacter spp. were only detected sporadically in intestinal contents after bleeding (2/32) and in none after scalding (0/32). After defeathering, Arcobacter spp. were detected in 62% (18/29) of the intestinal contents with 28% (8/29) of the duodenal, 21% (6/29) of the jejunal, 3% (1/29) of the cecal, and 55% (16/29) of the colonic samples tested positive with loads up to 24,000 MPN/g in the colonic content. Further 88% (7/8) of colonic tissue samples were tested positive. After evisceration, the prevalences (58/64) and loads of Arcobacter spp. display comparable levels in the intestinal contents like after defeathering. In conclusion, our data point out that Arcobacter spp. are most likely detected in the colonic intestinal compartment of the chicken after defeathering and evisceration. Therefore, not only cross-contamination originating from the environment inside the slaughterhouse may cause carcass contamination with Arcobacter spp. on broiler chicken carcasses. The detection of Arcobacter spp. in duodenal and jejunal contents as well as in the colonic tissue indicates that there possibly exists an Arcobacter reservoir inside the chicken.
Confronting barbary : reappraising the responses of Britons to engagement with Moroccans, and their influence on Anglo-Moroccan relations, 1625-1684
Creators: name: Lette, R
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Britons began regularly voyaging to Morocco, or West Barbary as it was commonly known, from the early 1550s, and within a few decades England had not only developed an extensive trade with the country, but also close political relations; as a result, the histories of Morocco and England became closely tied until the late seventeenth century. While diplomatic and commercial relations between the two countries have been relatively well, but not extensively, studied, understanding of the situation of Morocco within British history has been overshadowed by the predominance of scholarship which has focussed on relations from the more limited perspectives of the threat posed to English shipping and coastal communities around the British Isles from 'Barbary' corsairs, Christian captivity, and the hostile encounters which marked the English occupation of Tangier. However, it is contended that when this relationship is re-examined from a more holistic perspective by combining elements usually treated in isolation, together with close attention to the impact of experiential engagement ‚ÄövÑvÆ an aspect which has received little detailed attention outside of captivity narratives ‚ÄövÑvÆ new perspectives on Anglo-Moroccan relations are revealed. Only then is it possible to properly evaluate the meaning of Morocco to early modern Britons and British history. This thesis examines the impact that direct contact with Morocco and Moroccans had on the attitudes and actions of early modern Britons concerning them. It seeks to identify the psychological responses which experiential engagement elicited, and the circumstantial and personal factors which contributed to the different reactions of individuals. Furthermore, rather than simply regarding English policies concerning Morocco as contingent factors, this study attempts to understand the extent to which personal responses elicited by, and the knowledge Britons acquired through, direct experience actually helped shape diplomatic and commercial relations. By doing so, it shows that the encounter of Britons with Morocco between 1625 and 1684 was both a humbling and enlightening experience for them. There was no general turn to increasing prejudice and antipathy against the people associated with a desire to dominate them and expand England's nascent empire, as has been argued by other scholars. Instead, the thesis demonstrates that early modern Britons not only possessed a well-developed capacity to consciously accommodate cultural difference in furthering their interests, but some were also susceptible to subconscious processes of positive acculturation in their encounters with other peoples. Moreover, the behaviour of Britons in Morocco was more likely to be based on pragmatism and cultural self-consciousness, than driven by incipient imperial and colonial aspiration.
ESTRATÉGIAS PARA PROMOVER A PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL EM AVALIAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS EM SAÚDE: UMA SÍNTESE RÁPIDA DE EVIDÊNCIAS PARA POLÍTICAS
Creators: name: Santos, José Hamlton de Jesus Jr.
name: Mota, Arthur Gobatti
name: Oliveira, Cintia de Freitas
name: Toscas, Fotini Santos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Participação Social
Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde
Política Informada por Evidências
Formulação de Políticas
Revisão

description: A avaliação de Tecnologias de Saúde (ATS) é uma área relativamente nova no Brasil, com a Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no SUS (CONITEC) tendo pouco mais de 10 anos de existência. Inserida no SUS, essa comissão é regida por seus princípios e diretrizes, dentre eles, a participação social. Para permitir maior controle social e entendendo a importância da inserção da sociedade no processo decisório, o SUS possui diversos mecanismos para efetivar esse princípio. A CONITEC, juntamente com a comunidade científica, têm buscado constantemente estratégias para melhorar o envolvimento social em seus processos, já que continuam existindo dificuldades para engajar a sociedade de forma ampla². Dessa forma, no âmbito dos trabalhos do curso de especialização em saúde coletiva do Instituto de Saúde (SES-SP), os quais ocorrem em parceria com o município de Franco da Rocha, foi decidido que buscar alternativas para aumentar o engajamento/participação social nos processos de incorporação, desincorporação e atualização de tecnologias de saúde seria o foco do trabalho do eixo de ATS, dado que esse é um dos temas de prioridade para o município
description: {"references": ["Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (Brasil). Secretaria de Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia, Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Insumos Estrat\u00e9gicos em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia. Diretriz metodol\u00f3gica: s\u00edntese de evid\u00eancias para pol\u00edticas. Editora MS [internet] 2020 [acesso em 08 abr 2021]; 70 p. : il. ISBN", "SILVA, Aline Silveira, Et Al. Participa\u00e7\u00e3o Social no processo de incorpora\u00e7\u00e3o de tecnologias em sa\u00fade no Sistema \u00danico de Sa\u00fade. Rev. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, v. 53, p. 109, 2019.", "SOUSA, Maria Sharmila Alina de, Et Al. Participa\u00e7\u00e3o Social na Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Tecnologias em Sa\u00fade Para Sistemas Em Sa\u00fade: Achados de um S\u00edntese de Evid\u00eancias Qualitativas. 1 Ed. Bras\u00edlia: Fiocruz Bras\u00edlia, 2020"]}
Hamilton Operator and the Semiclassical Limit for Scalar Particles in an Electromagnetic Field
Creators: name: Silenko, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V10

description: We successively apply the generalized Case-Foldy-Feshbach-Villars (CFFV) and the Foldy-Wouthuysen (FW) transformation to derive the Hamiltonian for relativistic scalar particles in an electromagnetic field. In contrast to the original transformation, the generalized CFFV transformation contains an arbitrary parameter and can be performed for massless particles, which allows solving the problem of massless particles in an electromagnetic field. We show that the form of the Hamiltonian in the FW representation is independent of the arbitrarily chosen parameter. Compared with the classical Hamiltonian for point particles, this Hamiltonian contains quantum terms characterizing the quadrupole coupling of moving particles to the electric field and the electric and mixed polarizabilities. We obtain the quantum mechanical and semiclassical equations of motion of massive and massless particles in an electromagnetic field.
description: 17 pages
The Hubble diagram as a probe of mini-charged particles
Creators: name: Ahlers, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The luminosity-redshift relation of cosmological standard candles provides information about the relative energy composition of our Universe. In particular, the observation of type Ia supernovae up to redshift of z~2 indicate a universe which is dominated today by dark matter and dark energy. The propagation distance of light from these sources is of the order of the Hubble radius and serves as a very sensitive probe of feeble inelastic photon interactions with background matter, radiation or magnetic fields. In this paper we discuss the limits on mini-charged particle models arising from a dimming effect in supernova surveys. We briefly speculate about a strong dimming effect as an alternative to dark energy.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The unusual 2006 dwarf nova outburst of GK Perseii
Creators: name: Evans, P. A.
name: Beardmore, A. P.
name: Osborne, J. P.
name: Wynn, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2006 outburst of GK Perseii differed significantly at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths from typical outbursts of this object. We present multi-wavelength (X-ray, UV and optical) Swift and AAVSO data, giving unprecedented broad-band coverage of the outburst, allowing us to follow the evolution of the longer-than-normal 2006 outburst across these wavelengths. In the optical and UV we see a triple-peaked morphology with maximum brightness ~1.5 magnitudes lower than in previous years. In contrast, the peak hard X-ray flux is the same as in previous outbursts. We resolve this dichotomy by demonstrating that the hard X-ray flux only accounts for a small fraction of the total energy liberated during accretion, and interpret the optical/UV outburst profile as arising from a series of heating and cooling waves traversing the disc, caused by its variable density profile.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Interstellar extinction and polarization -- A spheroidal dust grain approach perspective
Creators: name: Das, H. K.
name: Voshchinnikov, N. V.
name: Il'in, V. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend and investigate the spheroidal model of interstellar dust grains used to simultaneously interpret the observed interstellar extinction and polarization curves. We compare our model with similar models recently suggested by other authors, study its properties and apply it to fit the normalized extinction $A(λ)/A_{\rm V}$ and the polarizing efficiency $P(λ)/A(λ)$ measured in the near IR to far UV region for several stars seen through one large cloud. We conclude that the model parameter $Ω$ being the angle between the line of sight and the magnetic field direction can be more or less reliably determined from comparison of the theory and observations. This opens a way to study the spatial structure of interstellar magnetic fields by using multi-wavelength photometric and polarimetric observations.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures and 4 tables, To appear in MNRAS (added)
Explicit CP violation in the MSSM Higgs sector
Creators: name: Hesselbach, S.
name: Moretti, S.
name: Munir, S.
name: Poulose, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analysed the sensitivity of the process gg to H_1 to gamma-gamma to the explicitly CP-violating phases phi_mu and phi_{A_f} in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), where H_1 is the lightest Supersymmetric Higgs boson. We conclude that depending on these phases, the overall production and decay rates of H_1 can vary up to orders of magnitude compared to the CP-conserving case.
description: Format fixed, 5 pages, 3 figures, Talk given at the 17th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY09), Boston, MA, USA, 5-10 June 2009, to be published in the conference proceedings (AIP)
Dibenzoterrylene as a single photon source
Creators: name: Schofield, Ross
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Deterministic single photon generation is of huge interest for quantum research and this thesis will begin by outlining the properties of interest for a single photon emitter. I then outline the theory behind the interaction of light and Dibenzoterrylene (DBT), an organic dye molecule that I use for the generation of single photons. DBT is used in the solid-state, and I present fabrication processes for producing host matri- ces with DBT embedded. The physical properties of the organic crystals produced by these methods are described, along with the optical properties of the DBT molecules within. The development of a new method for preparing DBT containing polymer encapsulated nanocrystals that show stable single photon emission at cryogenic temperatures is presented. Interactions between DBT and the vibrations, or phonons, in its host environment are then studied. The effect of thermal dephasing on a DBT molecule will be modelled to predict the probability of excitation as a function of excitation wavelength. Measurements at both room and liquid nitrogen temperatures will verify these predictions. A cryogenically cooled DBT molecule is then used to observe the effects of vibrations on the emitted photons as temperature increases. This allows the temperature dependance of the branching ratio and photon linewidth to be measured. I use the emission of a single DBT molecule to measure two-photon interference and draw parallels between pulsed and continuous-wave excitation measurements. I find an indistinguishability of 53% using continuous-wave excitation and verify this using pulsed excitation, proving this method works for measuring full photon wavepacket indistinguishability. This is also in line with the expected maximum value given the temperature. To increase the efficiency of photon collection from DBT molecules I will finish by looking at integration of molecules with nanophotonic devices. Measurements of a 9% coupling of a molecule to a waveguide will be presented, which is the highest cryogenic coupling of a molecule to a waveguide structure measured. Integration of DBT into circular Bragg gratings will also be discussed.
The effects of infantile handling and sensory deprivation on adult avoidance learning in the rat
Creators: name: Marvin, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Two groups of rats, handled on days (1-11) and days (21-32), and a nonhandled group were tested at 75 days of age on a modified two-way shuttle avoidance task. One-half of the animals were light-reared, the other half dark-reared. Measures taken included percentage correct avoidance responses (AR), intertrial interval responses (ITIR), escape response and avoidance response latencies (ERL and ARL), and A-Scores in percentage form (AR - ITIR). No differences in any of these measures except ERL was observed as a result of handling, though rearing in differential environments provided significant differences in AR, A-Scores, and ERL. Results were interpreted in terms of several relevant theories, with Melzack's (1968) hypothesis proving the most parsimonious in accounting for the data.
On the Origin of TeV Gamma-ray Emission from HESS J1834-087
Creators: name: Mukherjee, R.
name: Gotthelf, E. V.
name: Halpern, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an X-ray study of the field containing the extended TeV source HESS J1834-087 using data obtained with the XMM-Newton telescope. Previously, the coincidence of this source with both the shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) W41 and a giant molecular cloud (GMC) was interpreted as favoring pi^0-decay gamma-rays from interaction of the old SNR with the GMC. Alternatively, the TeV emission has been attributed to inverse Compton scattering from leptons deposited by PSR J1833-0827, a pulsar assumed to have been born in W41 but now located 24' from the center of the SNR (and the TeV source). Instead, we argue for a third possibility, that the TeV emission is powered by a previously unknown pulsar wind nebula located near the center of W41. The candidate pulsar is XMMU J183435.3-084443, a hard X-ray point source that lacks an optical counterpart to R>21 and is coincident with diffuse X-ray emission. The X-rays from both the point source and diffuse feature are evidently non-thermal and highly absorbed. A best fit power-law model yields photon index Gamma ~ 0.2 and Gamma ~ 1.9, for the point source and diffuse emission, respectively, and 2-10 keV flux ~ 5 X 10^(-13) ergs/cm^(2)/s for each. At the measured 4 kpc distance of W41, the observed X-ray luminosity implies an energetic pulsar with Edot ~ 10^(36)d_4^2 ergs/s, which is also sufficient to generate the observed gamma-ray luminosity of 2.7 X 10^(34)d_4^2 ergs/s via inverse Compton scattering.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
title: How Does Increased EV Production Affect U.S. Automotive Employment?
Creators: name: Coffin, David
Publisher: name: United States International Trade Commission
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05hsggr76
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022

description: Going forward, U.S. vehicle production will likely include more electric vehicles (EVs) and fewer vehicles
with internal combustion-engines (ICEs). This may decrease the aggregate number of workers needed in
the automotive supply chain, with decreases in engine and transmission manufacturing greater than
increases in battery and electrical equipment manufacturing. Some of the jobs producing components for
EVs may have more female workers than the ones producing ICEs, and thus this transition may increase
the employment of women in the automotive workforce. This executive briefing examines how likely
changes to the automotive supply chain could affect automotive employment, and possibly increase the
share of female workers in that supply chain.
Garlic Essential Oil as Promising Option for the Treatment of Acute Campylobacteriosis—Results from a Preclinical Placebo-Controlled Intervention Study
Creators: name: Heimesaat, Markus M.
name: Mousavi, Soraya
name: Weschka, Dennis
name: Bereswill, Stefan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: garlic essential oil
subject: enteropathogenic infection
subject: Campylobacter jejuni
subject: immune-modulatory effects
subject: secondary abiotic IL-10(-/-) mice
subject: acute campylobacteriosis model
subject: host-pathogen interaction
subject: preclinical placebo-controlled intervention study
subject: natural antibiotics-independent compounds
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Since human infections with Campylobacter jejuni including antibiotic-resistant strains are rising worldwide, natural compounds might constitute promising antibiotics-independent treatment options for campylobacteriosis. Since the health-beneficial properties of garlic have been known for centuries, we here surveyed the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of garlic essential oil (EO) in acute experimental campylobacteriosis. Therefore, secondary abiotic IL-10(-/-) mice were orally infected with C. jejuni strain 81-176 and garlic-EO treatment via the drinking water was initiated on day 2 post-infection. Mice from the garlic-EO group displayed less severe clinical signs of acute campylobacteriosis as compared to placebo counterparts that were associated with lower ileal C. jejuni burdens on day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, when compared to placebo application, garlic-EO treatment resulted in alleviated colonic epithelia cell apoptosis, in less pronounced C. jejuni induced immune cell responses in the large intestines, in dampened pro-inflammatory mediator secretion in intestinal and extra-intestinal compartments, and, finally, in less frequent translocation of viable pathogens from the intestines to distinct organs. Given its potent immune-modulatory and disease-alleviating effects as shown in our actual preclinical placebo-controlled intervention study, we conclude that garlic-EO may be considered as promising adjunct treatment option for acute campylobacteriosis in humans.
Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering of Single Carbyne Chains
Creators: name: Tschannen, Cla Duri
name: Frimmer, Martin
name: Gordeev, Georgy
name: Vasconcelos, Thiago L.
name: Shi, Lei
name: Pichler, Thomas
name: Reich, Stephanie
name: Heeg, Sebastian
name: Novotny, Lukas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: carbyne
subject: linear carbon chains
subject: Raman scattering
subject: TERS
subject: Raman thermometry
subject: anti-Stokes
subject: nanometrology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: We investigate the anti-Stokes Raman scattering of single carbyne chains confined inside double-walled carbon nanotubes. Individual chains are identified using tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) and heated by resonant excitation with varying laser powers. We study the temperature dependence of carbyne’s Raman spectrum and quantify the laser-induced heating based on the anti-Stokes/Stokes ratio. Due to its molecular size and its large Raman cross section, carbyne holds great promise for local temperature monitoring, with potential applications ranging from nanoelectronics to biology.
In vitro efficacy of artemisinin-based treatments against SARS-CoV-2
Creators: name: Zhou, Yuyong
name: Gilmore, Kerry
name: Ramirez, Santseharay
name: Settels, Eva
name: Gammeltoft, Karen A.
name: Pham, Long V.
name: Fahnøe, Ulrik
name: Trimpert, Jakob
name: Osterrieder, Klaus
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Drug discovery
subject: Viral infection
subject: COVID-19
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Effective and affordable treatments for patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are needed. We report in vitro efficacy of Artemisia annua extracts as well as artemisinin, artesunate, and artemether against SARS-CoV-2. The latter two are approved active pharmaceutical ingredients of anti-malarial drugs. Concentration–response antiviral treatment assays, based on immunostaining of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, revealed that treatment with all studied extracts and compounds inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection of VeroE6 cells, human hepatoma Huh7.5 cells and human lung cancer A549-hACE2 cells, without obvious influence of the cell type on antiviral efficacy. In treatment assays, artesunate proved most potent (range of 50% effective concentrations (EC50) in different cell types: 7–12 µg/mL), followed by artemether (53–98 µg/mL), A. annua extracts (83–260 µg/mL) and artemisinin (151 to at least 208 µg/mL). The selectivity indices (SI), calculated based on treatment and cell viability assays, were mostly below 10 (range 2 to 54), suggesting a small therapeutic window. Time-of-addition experiments in A549-hACE2 cells revealed that artesunate targeted SARS-CoV-2 at the post-entry level. Peak plasma concentrations of artesunate exceeding EC50 values can be achieved. Clinical studies are required to further evaluate the utility of these compounds as COVID-19 treatment.
Scattering of massless scalar waves by Reissner-Nordström black holes
Creators: name: Crispino, Luis C. B.
name: Dolan, Sam R.
name: Oliveira, Ednilton S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of scattering of massless planar scalar waves by a charged non-rotating black hole. Partial wave methods are applied to compute scattering and absorption cross sections, for a range of incident wavelengths. We compare our numerical results with semi-classical approximations from a geodesic analysis, and find excellent agreement. The glory in the backward direction is studied, and its properties are shown to be related to the properties of the photon orbit. The effects of black hole charge upon scattering and absorption are examined in detail. As the charge of the black hole is increased, we find that the absorption cross section decreases, and the angular width of the interference fringes of the scattering cross section at large angles increases. In particular, the glory spot in the backward direction becomes wider. We interpret these effects under the light of our geodesic analysis.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Hydraulics of Subglacial Supercooling: Theory and Simulations for Clear Water Flows
Creators: name: Creyts, Timothy T.
name: Clarke, Garry K. C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Hydrology
Physical geography

description: Glaciohydraulic supercooling is a mechanism for accreting ice and sediment to the base of glaciers. We extend existing models by reworking the Spring‐Hutter model for subglacial water flow in tubular conduits to allow for distributed water sheets. Our goal is to determine diagnostic features of supercooling relative to controlling variables. Results focus on along‐path water flow under time‐varying conditions, with attention to ice accretion in and along subglacial overdeepenings. We contrast simulations with constant recharge to diurnally‐varying recharge and expose behavior that cannot be inferred from simple models. For example, locations of simulated ice accretion differ from those found for steady state models, even though total ice accretion remains comparable to field estimates. Downstream accretion influences upstream effective pressures that then modify the hydraulic gradient that drives water flow. This modified gradient tends to inhibit additional accretion by increasing velocity and heat production via viscous dissipation. During diurnal cycles, accretion varies considerably: in daytime, viscous dissipation dominates the heat balance and ice melts. In morning and evening, when flow is rising or falling, viscous dissipation is lower and accretion can proceed. Over nighttime, the largest temperature depressions occur in the subglacial system, but water flux is lowest and accretion rates are negligible. We conclude by inferring that overdeepened glaciers with only clear water flows evolve toward stronger supercooling regimes rather than toward a dynamic equilibrium. Stabilizing feedbacks are unlikely to occur through glacier hydrology alone, and other processes, such as erosion, sedimentation, and sliding, must play an important role.
High-field/high-frequency EPR spectroscopy on synthetic melanin: on the origin of carbon-centered radicals
Creators: name: Paulin, J. V.
name: Batagin-Neto, A.
name: Naydenov, B.
name: Lips, Klaus
name: Graeff, C. F. O.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: synthetic melanin
subject: melanin free-radicals
subject: carbon-centered radicals
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Among all the pigments found in nature, melanin has drawn considerable attention for bioelectronics applications as it contains a set of physicochemical properties such as antioxidant activity, metal chelation, biocompatibility, broad-band absorbance throughout the UV-visible region, hydration-dependent conductivity and intrinsic and extrinsic free radical character. A better understanding of these properties is a matter of significant importance to improve melanin-based organic devices efficiently. Therefore, the origin of melanin free-radicals was studied using continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at 263 GHz for standard non-functionalized and sulfonated derivatives. Our results indicated that more than one radical species should be evoked to study the free-radical nature of standard and sulfonated melanin. Additionally, we also confirm that the free-radical system of sulfonated melanin is similar to non-functionalized melanin. Based on the g-anisotropy analysis, we propose which potential units could be responsible for carbon-centered radicals.
Joint Analysis of near-infrared properties and surface brightness fluctuations of LMC star clusters
Creators: name: Raimondo, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface brightness fluctuations have been proved to be a very powerful technique to determine the distance and characterize the stellar content in extragalactic systems. Nevertheless, before facing the problem of stellar content in distant galaxies, we need to calibrate the method onto nearby well-known systems. In this paper we analyze the properties at $J$ and $K_s$ bands of a sample of 19 star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), for which accurate near-infrared (NIR) resolved star photometry, and integrated photometry are available. For the same sample, we derive the SBF measurements in $J$ and $K_s$-bands. We use the multi-purpose stellar population code \emph{SPoT (Stellar POpulations Tools)} to simulate the color-magnitude diagram, stellar counts, integrated magnitudes, colors, and surface brightness fluctuations of each cluster. The present procedure allows us to estimate the age and metallicity of the clusters in a consistent way, and provides a new calibration of the empirical $s$-parameter. We take advantage of the high sensitivity of NIR surface brightness fluctuations to thermally pulsing asymptotic (TP-AGB) stars to test different mass-loss rates affecting the evolution of such stars. We argue that NIR-SBFs can contribute to the disentangling of the observable properties of TP-AGB stars, especially in galaxies, where a large number of these stars are present.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ
The Fine-Scale Structure of the Global Tropopause Derived from COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation Measurements
Creators: name: Son, Seok-Woo
name: Tandon, Neil F.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Atmosphere
Meteorology
Atmosphere, Upper

description: The spatiotemporal structure of the lapse-rate tropopause is examined by using state-of-the-art Global Positioning System radio occultation measurements from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) Formosa Satellite Mission 3 mission. The high temporal and spatial resolutions of the data reveal the detailed structure of tropopause properties such as pressure (pt), temperature (Tt), and sharpness (Nt^2) and their relationships to upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric processes. The overall results are generally in good agreement with previous studies. The climatology of all three tropopause properties shows largely homogeneous structure in the zonal direction: noticeable asymmetries are found only in the tropics and the Northern Hemisphere extratropics during boreal winter owing to localized tropospheric processes. This contrasts with the seasonal cycles of tropopause properties which are significantly influenced by stratospheric processes such as the Brewer-Dobson circulation, the polar vortex, and the radiative processes near the tropopause. On intraseasonal time scales, pt and Tt exhibit significant variability over the Asian summer monsoon and the subtropics where double tropopauses frequently occur. In contrast, Nt^2 shows maximum variability in the tropics where pt and Tt have minimum variability, possibly a consequence of vertically propagating waves. The tropopause properties derived from COSMIC observations are further applied to evaluate tropopause data directly available from the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis (NNR). Although the NNR tropopause data have been widely used in climate studies, they are found to have significant and systematic biases, especially in the subtropics. This suggests that the NNR tropopause data should be treated with great caution in any quantitative studies.