cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Classical Bound on Quantum Entropy
Creators: name: Zachos, Cosmas K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A classical upper bound for quantum entropy is identified and illustrated, $0\leq S_q \leq \ln (e σ^2 / 2\hbar)$, involving the variance $σ^2$ in phase space of the classical limit distribution of a given system. A fortiori, this further bounds the corresponding information-theoretical generalizations of the quantum entropy proposed by Renyi.
description: Latex2e, 7 pages, publication version
Toward Efficient Wide-Area Identification of Multiple Element Contingencies in Power Systems
Creators: name: Huang, Hao
name: Mao, Zeyu
name: Narimani, Mohammad Rasoul
name: Davis, Katherine R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Power system N-x contingency analysis has inherent challenges due to its combinatorial characteristic where outages grow exponentially with the increase of x and N. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a method that utilizes Line Outage Distribution Factors (LODFs) and group betweenness centrality to identify subsets of critical branches. The proposed LODF metrics are used to select the high-impact branches. Based on each selected branch, the approach constructs the subgraph with parameters of distance and search level, while using branches' LODF metrics as the weights. A key innovation of this work is the use of the distance and search level parameters, which allow the subgraph to identify the most coupled critical elements that may be far away from a selected branch. The proposed approach is validated using the 200- and 500-bus test cases, and results show that the proposed approach can identify multiple N-x contingencies that cause violations.
description: Published in the 12th Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, North America (ISGT NA)
Hard biaxial ellipsoids revisited: numerical results
Creators: name: McBride, Carl
name: Lomba, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo simulations are performed for hard ellipsoids for a number of values of its semi-axes in the range $c/a \in \{0.1,10\}$. The isotropic phase results are compared to the Vega equation of state [Mol. Phys. {\bf 92} (1997) 651-665]. The position of the isotropic-nematic transition is also evaluated. The biaxial phase is seen to form only after the previous formation of a discotic phase.
description: 9 pages, 6 tables, 10 figures
Optimal adaptive estimation of a quadratic functional
Creators: name: Cai, T. Tony
name: Low, Mark G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G99 (Primary) 62F12, 62F35, 62M99 (Secondary)

description: Adaptive estimation of a quadratic functional over both Besov and $L_p$ balls is considered. A collection of nonquadratic estimators are developed which have useful bias and variance properties over individual Besov and $L_p$ balls. An adaptive procedure is then constructed based on penalized maximization over this collection of nonquadratic estimators. This procedure is shown to be optimally rate adaptive over the entire range of Besov and $L_p$ balls in the sense that it attains certain constrained risk bounds.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000000849 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Most probable transition path in an overdamped system for a finite transition time
Creators: name: Soskin, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most probable transition path in a one-dimensional overdamped system is rigorously proved to possess less than two turning points. The proof is valid for any potentials, transition times, initial and final transition points.
“Reducing Emergency Caesareans and Improving the Primiparous Experience-The RECIPE Study”
Creators: name: Murphy, Niamh
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111402 Obstetrics and Gynaecology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine

description: Objective: The ability to predict the need for intrapartum Caesarean Delivery holds the potential to facilitate birth choices. The objective of the RECIPE study (Reducing Emergency Caesareans and Improving the Primiparous Experience) was to externally validate a Caesarean delivery risk prediction model. This model, produced by the Genesis study, identified 5 key predictors for nulliparous, intrapartum Caesarean delivery: maternal age, maternal height, maternal BMI, fetal head circumference and fetal abdominal circumference. Study Design: We recruited from 2 large obstetric units for this prospective, observational study. Inclusion criteria were as follows: nulliparous women with a singleton, cephalic presentation fetus in the absence of IUGR, oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, pre-existing diabetes mellitus or an indication for planned CD. Participants attended for prenatal ultrasound and maternal data collection from 38+0 - 40+6 weeks’ gestation. Labour, delivery and postnatal outcomes were collected. The Genesis model was applied to the RECIPE cohort and a calibration curve was determined. Results: 559 nulliparous participants were enrolled from May 2017 to April 2019, of whom 142 (25%) had a Caesarean delivery. Participants with a low predicted risk score (<10%) had a mean predicted rate of 8% (+/- Standard deviation of 2%) and a similarly low actual rate of Caesarean delivery (8%). Participants with a high predicted risk (>50%) had a mean predicted rate of 64% (+/- Standard deviation of 9%) and also had a high actual Caesarean delivery rate (62%). Our calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that this validation study showed similar discriminatory power for intrapartum Caesarean delivery to that described in the original Genesis study. The Area Under the Curve was 0.72, which reflects good predictive capacity of the risk prediction model. Of the study participants, 89% stated they would be happy to have known their risk score in advance of delivery, 98% were satisfied with their care during labour and, of those who had a Caesarean delivery, 100% were satisfied that the need for Caesarean delivery was adequately explained. Conclusion: The accuracy of the intrapartum Caesarean delivery risk prediction model is supported by this validation study. Prelabour knowledge of a high prospect of achieving an uncomplicated vaginal birth reassures nulliparous women of their high probability of success and may help to stratify women into appropriate models of prenatal care.
Regulation of housing and services for the urban poor: a case study of Accra, Ghana
Creators: name: Gambrah, Anthony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis explores the inadequate housing conditions of the urban poor in relation to housing regulations and services provided in selected communties in Accra, Ghana. Case studies and qualitative approaches are used in examining the main provisions of building codes: housing development processes, arrangements and sizes of rooms, materials used in construction and penalty for non-compliance (denial of services), in three urban poor communities in Accra. A review of the literature indicates that formal regulations, particularly building codes were set during the colonial period in Ghana. The main purpose was to provide European settlers or officials with houses of standard design similar to those in their country of origin. Even though Ghana obtained political independence in 1957, these building codes with little modification have become the dominant tools in housing policies. The thesis finds that the standard requirements set by the building codes are very high for the urban poor. They are also unrelated to local culture, the climate, and the skills and resources of the urban poor. The overall effect is that the urban poor do not follow the standards specified by the codes and are penalized by the government through denial of the city’s infrastructure and services like water, electricity, garbage collection, roads, etc. From the case studies and analysis of secondary data, the thesis concludes that although there are other social, economic and political factors which underlie inequality in the city; the penalties for non-compliance with building codes are key factors contributing to the inadequate housing conditions in the urban poor communities. They also hamper progressive housing improvement strategies. To allow flexibility in the extension of infrastructure and services to the communities, the thesis suggests reformulation of the building codes, taking into account the existing conditions of the rapidly growing urban poor settlements.
Stellar Collapse in the Time Dependent Hartree-Fock Approximation
Creators: name: Hainzl, Christian
name: Schlein, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q40, 35Q55, 82C10

description: We prove blow-up in finite time for radially symmetric solutions to the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock equation with negative energy. The non-linear Hartree-Fock equation is commonly used in the physics literature to describe the dynamics of white dwarfs. We extend thereby recent results by Fröhlich and Lenzmann, who established in \cite{FL1,FL2} blow-up for solutions to the pseudo-relativistic Hartree equation. As key ingredient for handling the exchange term we use the conservation of the expectation of the square of the angular momentum operator.
description: 13 pages
What makes a particle detector click
Creators: name: Tjoa, Erickson
name: Gutiérrez, Irene López
name: Sachs, Allison
name: Martín-Martínez, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We highlight fundamental differences in the models of light-matter interaction between the behaviour of Fock state detection in free space versus optical cavities. To do so, we study the phenomenon of resonance of detectors with Fock wavepackets as a function of their degree of monochromaticity, the number of spatial dimensions, the linear or quadratic nature of the light-matter coupling, and the presence (or absence) of cavity walls in space. In doing so we show that intuition coming from quantum optics in cavities does not straightforwardly carry to the free space case. For example, in $(3+1)$ dimensions the detector response to a Fock wavepacket will go to zero as the wavepacket is made more and more monochromatic and in coincidence with the detector's resonant frequency. This is so even though the energy of the free-space wavepacket goes to the expected finite value of $\hbarΩ$ in the monochromatic limit. This is in contrast to the behaviour of the light-matter interaction in a cavity (even a large one) where the probability of absorbing a Fock quantum is maximized when the quantum is more monochromatic at the detector's resonance frequency. We trace this crucial difference to the fact that monochromatic Fock states are not normalizable in the continuum, thus physical Fock states need to be constructed out of normalizable wavepackets whose energy density goes to zero in the monochromatic limit as they get spatially delocalized.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, 4 appendices; RevTeX 4.2; V2: fixed to match published version
Fluid-mediated carbon release by infiltration of serpentinite dehydration fluids during subduction: insights from thermodynamic models of serpentinite-hosted carbonate rocks
Creators: name: Menzel, Manuel
name: Garrido, Carlos J.
name: López Sánchez Vizcaíno, Vicente
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2020

description: Abstracts & presentations : EGU General Assembly 2020 EGU General Assembly 2020, EGU2020, online, 4 May 2020 - 8 May 2020; Göttingen : Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH EGU2020-11027 (2020). doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11027
description: Published by Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH, Göttingen
Convergence of Spectral Triples on Fuzzy Tori to Spectral Triples on Quantum Tori
Creators: name: Latremoliere, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary: 46L89, 46L87, 46L30, 58B34, Secondary: 34L40, 47D06, 47L30, 47L90, 81Q10, 81R05, 81R15, 81R60, 81T75

description: Fuzzy tori are finite dimensional C*-algebras endowed with an appropriate notion of noncommutative geometry inherited from an ergodic action of a finite closed subgroup of the torus, which are meant as finite dimensional approximations of tori and more generally, quantum tori. A mean to specify the geometry of a noncommutative space is by constructing over it a spectral triple. We prove in this paper that we can construct spectral triples on fuzzy tori which, as the dimension grow to infinity and under other natural conditions, converge to a natural spectral triple on quantum tori, in the sense of the spectral propinquity. This provides a formal assertion that indeed, fuzzy tori approximate quantum tori, not only as quantum metric spaces, but as noncommutative differentiable manifolds -- including convergence of the state spaces as metric spaces and of the quantum dynamics generated by the Dirac operators of the spectral triples, in an appropriate sense.
description: v. 4: 75 pages, various typos corrections, presentation improved
Supplementary Material from Minimum size limits and the reproductive value of numerous, young, mature female fish
Creators: name: Lavin, Charles P.
name: Jones, Geoffrey P.
name: Williamson, David H.
name: Harrison, Hugo B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Includes Figure S1, Figure S2, Table S1, Table S2
Refined Grey-Box Fuzzing with SIVO
Creators: name: Nikolic, Ivica
name: Mantu, Radu
name: Shen, Shiqi
name: Saxena, Prateek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We design and implement from scratch a new fuzzer called SIVO that refines multiple stages of grey-box fuzzing. First, SIVO refines data-flow fuzzing in two ways: (a) it provides a new taint inference engine that requires only logarithmic in the input size number of tests to infer the dependency of all program branches on the input bytes, and (b) it deploys a novel method for inverting branches by solving directly and efficiently systems of inequalities. Second, our fuzzer refines accurate tracking and detection of code coverage with simple and easily implementable methods. Finally, SIVO refines selection of parameters and strategies by parameterizing all stages of fuzzing and then dynamically selecting optimal values during fuzzing. Thus the fuzzer can easily adapt to a target program and rapidly increase coverage. We compare our fuzzer to 11 other state-of-the-art grey-box fuzzers on 27 popular benchmarks. Our evaluation shows that SIVO scores the highest both in terms of code coverage and in terms of number of found vulnerabilities.
Exponential speedup of incoherent tunneling via dissipation
Creators: name: Maile, Dominik
name: Andergassen, Sabine
name: Belzig, Wolfgang
name: Rastelli, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the escape rate of a particle in a metastable potential in presence of a dissipative bath coupled to the momentum of the particle. Using the semiclassical bounce technique, we find that this rate is exponentially enhanced. In particular, the influence of momentum dissipation depends on the slope of the barrier that the particle is tunneling through. We investigate also the influence of dissipative baths coupled to the position, and to the momentum of the particle, respectively. In this case the rate exhibits a non-monotonic behavior as a function of the dissipative coupling strengths. Remarkably, even in presence of position dissipation, momentum dissipation can enhance exponentially the escape rate in a large range of the parameter space. The influence of the momentum dissipation is also witnessed by the substantial increase of the average energy loss during inelastic (environment-assisted) tunneling.
Robust model benchmarking and bias-imbalance in data-driven materials science: a case study on MODNet
Creators: name: De Breuck, Pierre-Paul
name: Evans, Matthew L.
name: Rignanese, Gian-Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the number of novel data-driven approaches to material science continues to grow, it is crucial to perform consistent quality, reliability and applicability assessments of model performance. In this paper, we benchmark the Materials Optimal Descriptor Network (MODNet) method and architecture against the recently released MatBench v0.1, a curated test suite of materials datasets. MODNet is shown to outperform current leaders on 6 of the 13 tasks, whilst closely matching the current leaders on a further 2 tasks; MODNet performs particularly well when the number of samples is below 10,000. Attention is paid to two topics of concern when benchmarking models. First, we encourage the reporting of a more diverse set of metrics as it leads to a more comprehensive and holistic comparison of model performance. Second, an equally important task is the uncertainty assessment of a model towards a target domain. Significant variations in validation errors can be observed, depending on the imbalance and bias in the training set (i.e., similarity between training and application space). By using an ensemble MODNet model, confidence intervals can be built and the uncertainty on individual predictions can be quantified. Imbalance and bias issues are often overlooked, and yet are important for successful real-world applications of machine learning in materials science and condensed matter.
Relativistic corrections to $J/ψ$ exclusive and inclusive double charm production at B factories
Creators: name: He, Zhi-Guo
name: Fan, Ying
name: Chao, Kuang-Ta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to clarify the puzzling problems in double charm production, relativistic corrections at order $v^{2}$ to the processes $e^{+}e^{-}\to J/ψ+η_{c}$ and $e^{+}e^{-}\to J/ψ+c\bar{c}$ at B factories are studied in non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics. The short-distance parts of production cross sections are calculated perturbatively, while the long-distance matrix elements are estimated from $J/ψ$ and $η_c$ decays up to errors of order $v^4$. Our results show that the relativistic correction to the exclusive process $e^{+}e^{-}\to J/ψ+η_{c}$ is significant, which, when combined together with the next-to-leading order $α_{s}$ corrections, could resolve the large discrepancy between theory and experiment; whereas for the inclusive process $e^{+}e^{-}\to J/ψ+c\bar{c}$ the relativistic correction is tiny and negligible. The physical reason for the above difference between exclusive and inclusive processes largely lies in the fact that in the exclusive process the relative momentum between quarks in charmonium substantially reduces the virtuality of the gluon that converts into a charm quark pair, but this is not the case for the inclusive process, in which the charm quark fragmentation $c\to J/ψ+c$ is significant, and QCD radiative corrections can be more essential.
description: Version to appear in PRD. In the summary an explicit statement added: "for the J/\psi eta_c cross section the relativistic correction alone gives an enhancement factor of 1.7 while the combination of relativistic correction with QCD radiative correction results in a much larger enhancement factor of 9". One reference added. A few typos corrected
Students’ experience of the sketchbook/journal model in art education
Creators: name: Froslev, Dorte Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The problem of this study was to investigate the extent to which largely self directed, individualized work in student sketchbooks constitutes valid art experience in terms of current guidelines for art education (CSEA, B.C. Ministry of Education, DBAE, various authors). The research questions were: 1) What does the sketchbook content consist of? 2) What is the experience of the participants in regard to a) content, b) context, and c) process? 3) When students are directing their own learning within the structure of this model, what do they say they are learning? 4) To what extent does the work constitute valid content and experience, and provide intellectual development while serving the diverse interests and ability levels of high school art students? The research consisted of the analysis of video taped interviews with a purposive sample of six high school students. The interviews were transcribed and correlated to photocopies of the sketchbook pages for analysis. The data was analyzed using the Macintosh computer program HyperRESEARCH. It is concluded that the sketchbook is a versatile and engaging medium for meaningful, contextual learning and a viable means for evaluating progress and achievement. It is both an adjunct and a driver of studio work. It is frequently the most travelled book in a student’s school bag and the last one to be put away at night. Where clientele is the most diverse, in multi-grade, multi-course split classes, where disabilities and weak language skills demand special attention, the sketchbook is invaluable in tracking progress and in accommodating individual goals, interests and rates of learning. If it is to provide intellectual development and experience, as recommended by current guidelines, the sketchbook needs to be more than a book for sketching in. Clear goals and criteria need to be in place along with classroom support and enabling skills. Teaching strategies may then make provisions for individualized curricula in a process that encourages the development of a depth and breadth of knowledge, awareness of multiple cultural values, participation in the traditions of the history of art, critical thinking and the development of lifelong learning skills.
Flavonoids for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: An up to date review
Creators: name: Kim, Jae Kwang
name: Park, Sang Un
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: flavonoids
biological and pharmacological activities
Alzheimer's disease

description: EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc495; ISSN 1611-2156
An Energetic Afterglow From A Distant Stellar Explosion
Creators: name: Frail, D. A.
name: Cameron, P. B.
name: Kasliwal, M.
name: Nakar, E.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Berger, E.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Fox, D. B.
name: Soderberg, A. M.
name: Schmidt, B. P.
name: Ofek, E.
name: Cenko, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of radio afterglow emission from the high redshift (z=6.295) burst GRB 050904. The peak flux density for this burst is similar to typical low-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRB). We further show that beyond a redshift of order unity, the flux density of radio afterglows are largely insensitive to redshift, consistent with predictions. By combining the existing X-ray, near-infrared and radio measurements, we derive estimates for the kinetic energy and opening angle of the blast wave, and for the density of the circumburst medium into which it expands. Both the kinetic and radiated energy indicate that GRB 050904 was an unusally energetic burst (10**52 erg). More importantly, we are able to make an in situ measurement of the density structure of the circumburst medium. We conclude that GRB 050904 exploded into a constant density medium with n=680 cm**-3, which is two orders of magnitude above the nominal value for low-redshift GRBs. The next generation of centimeter (EVLA) and millimeter radio instuments (ALMA) will be able to routinely detect events like GRB 050904 and use them to study magnetic fields, and the atomic and molecular gas in the high redshift Universe.
description: Submitted to ApJ(Letters)
title: Augmented-Reality-basierte Assistenz für das Anlernen manueller und roboterunterstützter Montageprozesse
Creators: name: Hegenberg, Jens
name: Schmidt, Ludger
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Augmented Reality
subject: Assistenzsystem
subject: Anlernen
subject: Montage
subject: Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration
subject: augmented reality
subject: assistance systems
subject: training
subject: assembly
subject: human-robot-collaboration
subject: 004
subject: 600
subject: Erweiterte Realität
subject: Assistenzsystem
subject: Lernen
subject: Montage
subject: Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation
subject: Roboter

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Holography and Renormalization in Lorentzian Signature
Creators: name: Lawrence, Albion
name: Sever, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: De Boer et. al. have found an asymptotic equivalence between the Hamilton-Jacobi equations for supergravity in (d+1)-dimensional asymptotic anti-de Sitter space, and the Callan-Symanzik equations for the dual d-dimensional perturbed conformal field theory. We discuss this correspondence in Lorentzian signature. We construct a gravitational dual of the generating function of correlation functions between initial and final states, in accordance with the construction of Marolf, and find a class of states for which the result has a classical supergravity limit. We show how the data specifying the full set of solutions to the second-order supergravity equations of motion are described in the field theory, despite the first-order nature of the renormalization group equations for the running couplings: one must specify both the couplings and the states, and the latter affects the solutions to the Callan-Symanzik equations.
description: 45 pages, 2 figures. v2 -- reference added. v3 -- some typos corrected, one correction in section 5.3
Probabilistic feature extraction, dose statistic prediction and dose mimicking for automated radiation therapy treatment planning
Creators: name: Zhang, Tianfang
name: Bokrantz, Rasmus
name: Olsson, Jimmy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: We propose a general framework for quantifying predictive uncertainties of dose-related quantities and leveraging this information in a dose mimicking problem in the context of automated radiation therapy treatment planning. Methods: A three-step pipeline, comprising feature extraction, dose statistic prediction and dose mimicking, is employed. In particular, the features are produced by a convolutional variational autoencoder and used as inputs in a previously developed nonparametric Bayesian statistical method, estimating the multivariate predictive distribution of a collection of predefined dose statistics. Specially developed objective functions are then used to construct a probabilistic dose mimicking problem based on the produced distributions, creating deliverable treatment plans. Results: The numerical experiments are performed using a dataset of 94 retrospective treatment plans of prostate cancer patients. We show that the features extracted by the variational autoencoder capture geometric information of substantial relevance to the dose statistic prediction problem and are related to dose statistics in a more regularized fashion than hand-crafted features. The estimated predictive distributions are reasonable and outperforms a non-input-dependent benchmark method, and the deliverable plans produced by the probabilistic dose mimicking agree better with their clinical counterparts than for a non-probabilistic formulation. Conclusions: We demonstrate that prediction of dose-related quantities may be extended to include uncertainty estimation and that such probabilistic information may be leveraged in a dose mimicking problem. The treatment plans produced by the proposed pipeline resemble their original counterparts well, illustrating the merits of a holistic approach to automated planning based on probabilistic modeling.
The stable free rank of symmetry of products of spheres
Creators: name: Hanke, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57S17; 55P62

description: A well known conjecture in the theory of transformation groups states that if p is a prime and (Z/p)^r acts freely on a product of k spheres, then r is less than or equal to k. We prove this assertion if p is large compared to the dimension of the product of spheres. The argument builds on tame homotopy theory for non simply connected spaces.
description: 30 pages; improved exposition, some details added
Risk bounds for statistical learning
Creators: name: Massart, Pascal
name: Nédélec, Élodie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60E15 (Primary) 60F10, 94A17 (Secondary)

description: We propose a general theorem providing upper bounds for the risk of an empirical risk minimizer (ERM).We essentially focus on the binary classification framework. We extend Tsybakov's analysis of the risk of an ERM under margin type conditions by using concentration inequalities for conveniently weighted empirical processes. This allows us to deal with ways of measuring the ``size'' of a class of classifiers other than entropy with bracketing as in Tsybakov's work. In particular, we derive new risk bounds for the ERM when the classification rules belong to some VC-class under margin conditions and discuss the optimality of these bounds in a minimax sense.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000000786 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Effects of a non-causal electromagnetic response on the linear momentum transfer from a swift electron to a metallic nanoparticle
Creators: name: Castrejón-Figueroa, J.
name: Castellanos-Reyes, J. Á.
name: Reyes-Coronado, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron beams in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopes (STEMs) can be used as a tool to induce movement on nanoparticles. Employing a classical-electrodynamics approach, it has been reported that the linear momentum transfer from a STEM-beam electron to a metallic spherical nanoparticle can be either repulsive or attractive towards the swift electron trajectory. This is in qualitative agreement with experimental observations. The interaction time between a swift electron and a nanoparticle is typically on the order of attoseconds. Hence, the electromagnetic response of the nanoparticle at short times is of utmost importance. However, it has been reported that the dielectric function employed in previous studies presented a non-causal pre-echo at the attosecond timescale, which might have lead to incorrect unphysical results. Therefore, the validity of these linear momentum transfer results should be revisited. In this theoretical work, we study the non-causality effects on the linear momentum transferred from a swift electron to a metallic nanoparticle, made of either aluminum or gold. Using an efficient numerical methodology, we found that non-causality, as well as deficient numerical convergence, may lead to incorrect repulsive linear momentum transfer results. Contrary to what previous theoretical studies have reported, our results show that the linear momentum transfer from a swift electron to spherical aluminum and gold nanoparticles, with radius 1 nm, is always attractive.
On the orientational ordering of long rods on a lattice
Creators: name: Ghosh, Anandamohan
name: Dhar, Deepak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that a system of straight rigid rods of length k on square lattice with only hard-core interactions shows two phase transitions as a function of density, rho, for k >= 7. The system undergoes a phase transition from the low-density disordered phase to a nematic phase as rho is increased from 0, at rho = rho_c1, and then again undergoes a reentrant phase transition from the nematic phase to a disordered phase at rho = rho_c2 < 1.
description: epl.cls
Small gaps between products of two primes
Creators: name: Goldston, D. A.
name: Graham, S. W.
name: Pintz, J.
name: Yildirim, C. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $q_n$ denote the $n^{th}$ number that is a product of exactly two distinct primes. We prove that $$\liminf_{n\to \infty} (q_{n+1}-q_n) \le 6.$$ This sharpens an earlier result of the authors (arXivMath NT/0506067), which had 26 in place of 6. More generally, we prove that if $ν$ is any positive integer, then $$ \liminf_{n\to \infty} (q_{n+ν}-q_n) \le C(ν) = νe^{ν-γ} (1+o(1)).$$ We also prove several other results on the representation of numbers with exactly two prime factors by linear forms.
description: 11N25 (primary) 11N36 (secondary)
title: ‘England über alles’
title: Para a História dos Primórdios da Filologia Germânica em Portugal
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Alarcão, Miguel
Publisher: name: CETAPS, Centre for English, Translation and Anglo-Portuguese Studies, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
Year: 2021

description: Dando continuidade a uma sugestão avançada no último número, ocorreu-me a apresentação de um projecto que explorasse os primórdios dos Estudos (Anglo-)Germanísticos na(s) universidade(s) portuguesa(s), com destaque para a academia coimbrã, a única existente até à implantação da República. Paralelamente, apesar de todas as publicações e cerimónias comemorativas do primeiro centenário da Guerra Mundial de 1914-18, o estudo das suas eventuais implicações e repercussões culturais nos cursos de Filologia Germânica está ainda por fazer.
description: Alarcão, Miguel. ‘England über alles’: Para a História dos Primórdios da Filologia Germânica em Portugal. Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses / Journal of Anglo-Portuguese Studies, n.º 30 (2021) pp. 21-40. ISSN: 0871-682X
Scrambling of Hartree-Fock Levels as a universal Brownian-Motion Process
Creators: name: Alhassid, Y.
name: Weidenmueller, H. A.
name: Wobst, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study scrambling of the Hartree-Fock single-particle levels and wave functions as electrons are added to an almost isolated diffusive or chaotic quantum dot with electron-electron interactions. We use the generic framework of the induced two-body ensembles where the randomness of the two-body interaction matrix elements is induced by the randomness of the eigenfunctions of the chaotic or diffusive single-particle Hamiltonian. After an appropriate scaling of the number of added electrons, the scrambling of both the HF levels and wave functions is described by a universal function each. These functions can be derived from a parametric random matrix process of the Brownian-motion type. An exception to this universality occurs when an empty level just gets filled, in which case scrambling is delayed by one electron. An explanation of these results is given in terms of a generalized Koopmans' approach.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Il “draw my life style”: una proposta per la didattica nei musei scientifici universitari.
Creators: name: De Frenza, Lucia
name: Francescangeli, Ruggero
name: Garuccio, Augusto
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Ferrara
Year: 2015

description: The spread of new integrated technologies to connect people and share information has raised the issue of an adaptation of the educational paradigms. The school because of the diffusion of new media is rethinking their strategies, developing new tools which are aimed at express the full potential of the students, from the cognitive to the emotional sphere, from the relational to sphere of operation. Awareness has spread that learning environments are not only those of traditional classrooms, but even all the places that offer to the pupils opportunities for training and relationship. In this context the museums are also included. This paper provides the theoretical and experimental framework for the adoption of a tool recently developed in the web, the style "draw my life", for creating learning experiences in line with the new media education. The videos draw my life are tales accompanied by drawing, executed while the speaker talks. They can serve to illustrate concepts, instruments or scientific materials especially through telling life stories. The experimentation carried out in the classroom shows the effectiveness of the method and suggests its usefulness even in teaching by museums.”[1] [1] R. Arnheim, Verso una psicologia dell’arte,trad. it., Einaudi, Torino 1969, cit. in L’esperienza pedagogica dell’arte, M. Dallari, C. Francucci, Firenze, la Nuova Italia, 1998, p- 89.
description: Annali online della Didattica e della Formazione Docente, Vol 7, N° 10 (2015): Musei e didattica
Quantitative calculations of the excitonic energy spectra of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes within a $π$-electron model
Creators: name: Wang, Zhendong
name: Zhao, Hongbo
name: Mazumdar, Sumit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Coulomb correlation parameters appropriate for $π$-conjugated polymers (PCPs), and a nearest neighbor hopping integral that is arrived at by fitting the energy spectra of three zigzag semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (S-SWCNTs), we are able to determine quantitatively the exciton energies and exciton binding energies of 29 S-SWCNTs within a semiempirical $π$-electron Hamiltonian that has been widely used for PCPs. Our work establishes the existence of a deep and fundamental relationship between PCPs and S-SWCNTs.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
Analytical spectrum of nonlinear Thomson scattering including radiation reaction
Creators: name: Di Piazza, A.
name: Audagnotto, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accelerated charges emit electromagnetic radiation and the consequent energy-momentum loss alters their trajectory. This phenomenon is known as radiation reaction and the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation is the classical equation of motion of the electron, which takes into account radiation-reaction effects in the electron trajectory. By using the analytical solution of the LL equation in an arbitrary plane wave, we compute the analytical expression of the classical emission spectrum via nonlinear Thomson scattering including radiation-reaction effects. Both the angularly-resolved and the angularly-integrated spectra are reported, which are valid in an arbitrary plane wave. Also, we have obtained a phase-dependent expression of the electron dressed mass, which includes radiation-reaction effects. Finally, the corresponding spectra within the locally constant field approximation have been derived.
description: 18 pages, no figures
The Casal de Pazzi Museum: a Pleistocene deposit in the suburbs of the imperial city
Creators: name: Gioia, Patrizia
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Ferrara
Year: 2015

description: The Casal de’ Pazzi Museum was built, starting from the 90s, on a Pleistocene deposit, dating to about 200.000 years ago. At the time the site was very different from now as evidenced by the finding of a Neanderthal skull fragment and the fossil remains of Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus, auroch, hippo, deer, etc. Since its birth, the Museum followed a strong comunicative strategy. In addition to the traditional forms of exhibition, visual and/or interactive communication tools were preferred, with the aim to keep visitor attention. Its achievement is also due to the role played in upgrading an urban peripheral neighborhood through a network of relationships with the territorial, social and cultural background.
description: Annali online della Didattica e della Formazione Docente, Vol 7, N° 10 (2015): Musei e didattica
Friedel phase discontinuity and bound states in the continuum in quantum dot systems
Creators: name: Solis, B.
name: de Guevara, M. L. Ladron
name: Orellana, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: n this article we study the Friedel phase of the electron transport in two different systems of quantum dots which exhibit bound states in the continuum (BIC). The Friedel phase jumps abruptly in the energies of the BICs, which is associated to the vanishing width of these states, as shown by Friedrich and Wintgen in Phys. Rev. A \textbf{31}, 3964 (1985). This odd behavior of the Friedel phase has consequences in the charge through the Friedel sum rule. Namely, if the energy of the BIC drops under the Fermi energy the charge changes abruptly in a unity. We show that this behavior closely relates with discontinuities in the conductance predicted for interacting quantum dot systems.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Fast kmer-based method for estimating the similarity between numerous metagenomic datasets
Creators: name: Benoit, Gaëtan
name: Lemaitre, Claire
name: Peterlongo, Pierre
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Two reads are considered similar if they share t non-overlapping kmers (words of length k). This method is currently the fastest but still does not scale on Tara Oceans samples.

To tackle this issue, we introduce a new similarity function between two datasets, called Simka, based on their amount of shared kmers. To scale on large metagenomic projects, we use a new technique which is able to count the kmers of N datasets simultaneously. This method also offers new possibilities such as filtering low frequency kmers which potentially contain sequencing errors.

Simka was tested and compared to Commet on 21 Tara Oceans samples. This shows that our kmer-based similarity function is very close to the read-based one of Commet. Regarding sample proximity, both methods identify the same clusters of datasets. Commet required a few weeks to compute all the intersections whereas Simka took only 4 hours.

Comparative metagenomics aims to provide high-level information based on DNA material sequenced from different environments. The purpose is mainly to estimate proximity between two or more environmental sites at the genomic level. One way to estimate similarity is to count the number of similar DNA fragments. From a computational point of view, the problem is thus to calculate the intersections between datasets of reads. Resorting to traditional methods such as all-versus-all sequence alignment is not possible on current metagenomic projects. For instance, the Tara Oceans project involves hundreds of datasets of more than 100M reads each.

Maillet et al. defined the following heuristic in their method called Commet. Two reads are considered similar if they share t non-overlapping kmers (words of length k). This method is currently the fastest but still does not scale on Tara Oceans samples.
Additional file 1 of Comparative analyses of three complete Primula mitogenomes with insights into mitogenome size variation in Ericales
Creators: name: Wei, Lei
name: Liu, Tong-Jian
name: Hao, Gang
name: Ge, Xue-Jun
name: Yan, Hai-Fei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Electrophoretic gel visualization of the amplified fragments of the three draft mitogenome assemblies and MTPTs. M1 is the DL2000 DNA marker, whereas M2 is the DL1000 DNA marker. The first two wells in each gel represent the corresponding primer pairs for MTPT7 and MTPT10 in each Primula mitogenome, whereas the other primer pairs were used for assembly validation in each draft mitogenome (primer details can be found in Table S11).
Intra- and Inter-Fraction Relative Range Verification in Heavy-Ion Therapy Using Filtered Interaction Vertex Imaging
Creators: name: Hymers, Devin
name: Kasanda, Eva
name: Bildstein, Vinzenz
name: Easter, Joelle
name: Richard, Andrea
name: Spyrou, Artemis
name: Höhr, Cornelia
name: Mücher, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy-ion therapy, particularly using scanned (active) beam delivery, provides a precise and highly conformal dose distribution, with maximum dose deposition for each pencil beam at its endpoint (Bragg peak), and low entrance and exit dose. To take full advantage of this precision, robust range verification methods are required; these methods ensure that the Bragg peak is positioned correctly in the patient and the dose is delivered as prescribed. Relative range verification allows intra-fraction monitoring of Bragg peak spacing to ensure full coverage with each fraction, as well as inter-fraction monitoring to ensure all fractions are delivered consistently. To validate the proposed filtered Interaction Vertex Imaging method for relative range verification, a ${}^{16}$O beam was used to deliver 12 Bragg peak positions in a 40 mm poly-(methyl methacrylate) phantom. Secondary particles produced in the phantom were monitored using position-sensitive silicon detectors. Events recorded on these detectors, along with a measurement of the treatment beam axis, were used to reconstruct the sites of origin of these secondary particles in the phantom. The distal edge of the depth distribution of these reconstructed points was determined with logistic fits, and the translation in depth required to minimize the $χ^2$ statistic between these fits was used to compute the range shift between any two Bragg peak positions. In all cases, the range shift was determined with sub-millimeter precision, to a standard deviation of the mean of 220(10) $μ$m. This result validates filtered Interaction Vertex Imaging as a reliable relative range verification method, which should be capable of monitoring each energy step in each fraction of a scanned heavy-ion treatment plan.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures. Accepted version: Clarified language throughout, added summary of recent related clinical work, added detail on detection & reconstruction systems, added explicit evaluation of detection system, replaced comparison to simulation with comparison to prior studies, extended discussion of clinical applicability. Results & conclusions on range verification performance unchanged