cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Casimir Forces for Robin Scalar Field on Cylindrical Shell in de Sitter Space
Creators: name: Setare, M R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Casimir stress on a cylinderical shell in background of conformally flat space-time for massless scalar field is investigated. In the general case of Robin (mixed) boundary condition formulae are derived for the vacuum expectation values of the energy-momentum tensor and vacuum forces acting on boundaries. The special case of the dS bulk is considered then different cosmological constants are assumed for the space inside and outside of the shell to have general results applicable to the case of cylindrical domain wall formations in the early universe.
description: 10 pages, no figure
A generative model for community types in directed networks
Creators: name: Liu, Cathy Xuanchi
name: Alexander, Tristram J.
name: Altmann, Eduardo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large complex networks are often organized into groups or communities. In this paper, we introduce and investigate a generative model of network evolution that reproduces all four pairwise community types that exist in directed networks: assortative, core-periphery, disassortative, and the newly introduced source-basin type. We fix the number of nodes and the community membership of each node, allowing node connectivity to change through rewiring mechanisms that depend on the community membership of the involved nodes. We determine the dependence of the community relationship on the model parameters using a mean-field solution. It reveals that a difference in the swap probabilities of the two communities is a necessary condition to obtain a core-periphery relationship and that a difference in the average in-degree of the communities is a necessary condition for a source-basin relationship. More generally, our analysis reveals multiple possible scenarios for the transition between the different structure types, and sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the observation of the different types of communities in network data.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Heteropolygonatum ginfushanicum Tamura et al. 2000
Creators: name: Floden, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Asparagales
Asparagaceae
Heteropolygonatum
Heteropolygonatum ginfushanicum

description: Heteropolygonatum ginfushanicum (F.T.Wang & Tang) Tamura et al. (2000: 157).
 Basionym: Smilacina ginfoshanica Wang & Tang (1978: 249) ≡ Polygonatum ginfushanicum (F.T.Wang & Tang) Wang & Tang (1983: 261). Type:— CHINA. Chongqing: Nanchuan County, “Gin-fu-shan” [Jinfo Shan], 1730–1800 m, 17 May 1957, T.H. Hsiung et T.L. Chou 90841 (holotype PE!; isotypes KUN!).
 Specimens examined:— CHINA. Chongqing: Jinfo, 30 May 1957, T.H. Hsiung et T.L. Chou 91094 (PE!); Jinfo, 17 May 1957, T.H. Hsiung et T.L. Chou 90841 (PE!, KUN!); Guizhou: Jiangkou, 6 May 1964, Z.S. Zhang et al. 400642 (PE!); Hubei: Lichuan, 12 October 1939, H.G. Li 11080 (MO!); Hunan: Sangchi County, Mao River, 13 July 1975, Bing 750259 (PE 00036825!) *.
 Heteropolygonatum roseolum M.N.Tamura & Ogisu in Tamura et al. (1997: 951). Type:— CHINA. Guangxi: Jinxiu, Mt Dayao, c. 1250 m, in dark mossy evergreen broad-leaved forests. Cult. in Yamasaki, Hyogo, Japan, 30 May 1996, Tamura & Ogisu 5028 (holotype PE; isotype K!).
 Specimens examined:— CHINA. Guangxi: Pangxidong, 17 May 1957, D. Chen 202 (IBK!); ibidem, 13 May 1936, Tsoong 81601 (PE!, IBK!); ibidem, Tsoong 82084 (PE!); Gelao, 15 May 1982, F.T.Fang 65245 (PE!); Dayaoshan, 16 June 1958, Y.K. Liu 400365 (IBK!); Miaoshan, 26 June 1959, Qinghua 2551 (HITBC!); Chanpin, 10 Oct 1935, S.P. Ko 55893 (PE!); Mt. Dayao, 30 May 1996, M.N. Tamura et M. Ogisu 5028 (isotype K!); Hunan: Dongkou Co., Daping, 20 May 1959, Tan Peixiang 62939 (IBK00139227!) *; Xinning Co., Mt. Ziyun, 9 September 1984, Ziyunshan Exp. 331 (TAIF!) *; Longsheng County, on rocks in moss, 1955, sine coll. 00191 (PE!); ibidem, 1954, sine coll. s.n. (IBM!)*.
 Taxonomic relationships:—The Hunan Province specimens are in fruit and are tentatively placed here on the basis of morphological similarities and their geographic proximity to H. roseolum. Tsoong 81601 from Shune-yuen, Guangxi was attributed to Heteropolygonatum altelobatum by Jeffrey (1980) who considered it an insufficient specimen with an affinity to that species. Later collections of this plant became the type species of Heteropolygonatum (see Tamura et al. 1997). These additional collections reported here from Hunan Province, China expand the provincial distribution northward. Other specimens, despite their less than adequate locality records, confirm a broader distribution in northcentral Guangxi (Fig. 3). Based on these range expansions it is probable that its range occurs throughout the Nanling Shan at elevations where suitable habitats are supported.
description: Published as part of Floden, Aaron J., 2014, New names in Heteropolygonatum (Asparagaceae), pp. 218-226 in Phytotaxa 188 (4) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5147448
Insulin and IGF-1 have both overlapping and distinct effects on CD4+ T cell mitochondria, metabolism, and function
Creators: name: Kiernan, Kaitlin
name: Nichols, Amanda G.
name: Alwarawrah, Yazan
name: MacIver, Nancie J.
name: Danzaki, Keiko
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are metabolic hormones with known effects on CD4+ T cells through insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling. Here, we describe specific and distinct roles for these hormones and receptors. We have found that IGF-1R, but not IR, expression is increased following CD4+ T cell activation or following differentiation toward Th17 cells. Although both insulin and IGF-1 increase the metabolism of CD4+ T cells, insulin has a more potent effect. However, IGF-1 has a unique role and acts specifically on Th17 cells to increase IL-17 production and Th17 cell metabolism. Furthermore, IGF-1 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in Th17 cells, providing a cytoprotective effect. Interestingly, both IR and IGF-1R are required for this effect of IGF-1 on mitochondria, which suggests that the hybrid IR/IGF-1R may be required for mediating the effect of IGF-1 on mitochondrial membrane potential and mROS production.
Veterinary technology graduates’ perceptions of their education and subsequent employment experiences
Creators: name: MC Gates
name: P Palleson-Putt
name: RK Sawicki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: To describe the current employment status of Bachelor of Veterinary Technology (BVetTech) graduates in New Zealand, to assess how well they felt that their degree programme had prepared them for practice, and to explore their experiences in their current job roles. All 195 individuals who completed the BVetTech degree at Massey University between 2011 and 2018 were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey regarding their education and employment experiences. Descriptive statistics were provided for all quantitative study variables and thematic analysis was performed on the free-text survey comments. The survey was completed by 125/195 (64.1%) BVetTech graduates. Of these, 96/125 (76.8%) were engaged in full-time or part-time veterinary work. The most common work environments were small animal practice (55/125; 44.0%) and mixed animal practice (19/125; 15.2%). The median reported annual salary was NZ$42,640 (mean $45,817; min $34,515; max $80,000) while the median reported hourly wage was NZ$20.00 (mean $21.01; min $17.70; max $27.00). Most respondents generally agreed with statements that their degree had prepared them well for different aspects of their subsequent work as veterinary technologists with “understanding the scientific rationale behind clinical decisions in practice” and “gaining hands-on practical experience that directly linked with their classroom learning” highlighted as being the best aspects of their education. However, respondents expressed the need for more training in client interactions and veterinary business management. Common themes that emerged when respondents were asked to describe the best things about their work were “forming relationships with animals, clients, and co-workers,” “making a meaningful difference through their work,” and “having opportunities to use and develop their skills” while the worst things about their job were “underutilisation of their skills,” “poor pay in relation to their education and skill,” and “compassion fatigue arising from dealing with euthanasia and difficult clients.” Another common theme across free-text questions was the lack of employer awareness about the capabilities of a veterinary technologist. Recent BVetTech graduates were generally satisfied with their educational experience, but perceived that employers underestimated the value of their training and consequently underutilised their skills. This highlights the need for additional research to better estimate the value of veterinary technologists to the New Zealand animal health industries as well as additional extension efforts to increase awareness amongst employers about the scope of responsibilities that veterinary technologists are legally able to perform in practice.
Investigating the chronostratigraphy of prominent palaeosols in Lower Austria using post-IR IRSL dating
Creators: name: Thiel, Christine
name: Buylaert, Jan-Pieter
name: Murray, Andrew S.
name: Terhorst, Birgit
name: Tsukamoto, Sumiko
name: Frechen, Manfred
name: Sprafke, Tobias
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Das Alter der meisten Lössablagerungen in Niederösterreich ist nicht bekannt. Das gilt insbesondere für mittelpleistozänen Löss, weil es keine allgemein anwendbare und akzeptierte Datierungsmethode für diesen Zeitraum gibt. Vor kurzem wurde gezeigt, dass infrarot-stimulierte Lumineszenz-(IRSL)-Signale, die bei erhöhten Temperaturen nach einer IR-Stimulation gemessen werden, wesentlich stabiler sind als standardmäßig bei 50°C gemessene IRSL-Signale. Diese Signale eröffnen die Möglichkeit, die datierbare Altersgrenze zu erweitern, indem der anomale Signalverlust (Fading) minimiert oder gar komplett umgangen wird. In dieser Arbeit wenden wir erstmalig zwei post-IR IRSL Single-Aliquot (SAR)-Datierungsprotokolle für polymineralische Feinkornextrakte von drei unterschiedlichen Löss-Paläoboden-Sequenzen aus Niederösterreich an. Die Lumineszenzcharakteristika und Alter der unterschiedlichen Protokolle werden mit denen von Messungen bei 50°C verglichen. Standardisierte Tests (recycling ratios, recuperation und dose recovery) zeigen, dass die Protokolle auf den untersuchten Löss anwendbar sind. Die Fading-Raten für die post-IR IRSL-Signale sind wesentlich geringer als für IRSL bei 50°C, während die Unterschiede in gemessenen Fading-Raten für post-IR IRSL bei 225°C und post-IR IRSL bei 290°C weniger offensichtlich sind. Signifikante Fading-Korrekturen für IRSL bei 50°C sind notwendig. Basierend auf unseren Daten schlussfolgern wir, dass die fading-korrigierten post-IR IRSL Alter bei 225°C und die nicht-korrigierten post-IR IRSL Alter bei 290°C die besten Altersabschätzungen für die untersuchten Sedimente liefern. Wir bevorzugen die letztgenannten Alter, weil keine Abhängigkeit zu Fading-Korrekturen besteht. Unsere Daten weisen darauf hin, dass die Paudorfer Bodenbildung sich während MIS 5 entwickelte, während die Göttweiger Verlehmungszone wesentlich älter ist (≥ 350 ka) als in den meisten vorangegangen Studien angenommen wurde.
description: research
COMPETETIVENESS OF THE MONTENEGRIN FRUIT AND VEGETABLES SECTOR AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
Creators: name: Jovovic, Radislav
name: Jovovic, Radislav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: fruit
subject: vegetables
subject: competitiveness
subject: strategy
subject: sector improvement

description: A number of facts, primarily including high fragmentation at all levels, weak vertical integration, limited dimensions in comparison to competitors poor technological level and unbalanced quality/price ratio make the sector weak, low competitive and exposed to international competition, reducing its capacity to capture any existing market potential. Almost all opportunities are frozen by prevailing weaknesses and threat impacts are exacerbated by a largely prevailing number of weaknesses. High production unit cost appears to be a major constraint to local supply market competitiveness. This situation appears to be mainly caused by general low levels of productivity – provoked by not adequate and up-to-date cultivation practices, reduced levels of input use, utilisation of old and, therefore, less performing varieties, and also farm management shortcomings. High losses from reduced availability of post-harvest facilities and equipment add up to the problem. The improvement of the sector is not easy. In other words, there is a lot to do for the Montenegrin sector operators to increase sales: tackle imports and increase market shares in the domestic market and abroad. Based on our research, we suggest that the Montenegrin fruit and vegetable sector should primarily aim at substituting imports, increasing domestic consumption and developing exports to the region (CEFTA countries) primarily via promising market opportunities. Based on our analyses of the state of affairs of the sector, the competitiveness and the market potentials, the recommendations for improvement competitiveness are outlined.
Immediate and long‐term management practices of acute symptomatic seizures and epileptiform abnormalities: A cross‐sectional international survey
Creators: name: investigators, for Post‐Acute Symptomatic Seizure Investigation and Outcomes Network
name: Sivaraju, Adithya
name: Daruvala, Sanaya
name: Punia, Vineet
name: Zafar, Sahar F.
name: Dhakar, Monica B.
name: Hirsch, Lawrence J.
name: Ayub, Neishay
name: Rubinos, Clio
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: OBJECTIVES: Acute symptomatic seizures (ASyS) and epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) on electroencephalography (EEG) are commonly encountered following acute brain injury. Their immediate and long-term management remains poorly investigated. We conducted an international survey to understand their current management.
METHODS: The cross-sectional web-based survey of 21 fixed-response questions was based on a common clinical encounter: convulsive or suspected ASyS following an acute brain injury. Respondents selected the option that best matched their real-world practice. Respondents completing the survey were compared with those who accessed but did not complete it.
RESULTS: A total of 783 individuals (44 countries) accessed the survey; 502 completed it. Almost everyone used anti-seizure medications (ASMs) for secondary prophylaxis after convulsive or electrographic ASyS (95.4% and 97.2%, respectively). ASM dose escalation after convulsive ASyS depends on continuous EEG (cEEG) findings: most often increased after electrographic seizures (78% of respondents), followed by lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs; 41%) and sporadic epileptiform discharges (sEDs; 17.5%). If cEEG is unrevealing, one in five respondents discontinue ASMs after a week. In the absence of convulsive and electrographic ASyS, a large proportion of respondents start ASMs due to LPD (66.7%) and sED (44%) on cEEG. At hospital discharge, most respondents (85%) continue ASM without dose change. The recommended duration of outpatient ASM use is as follows: 1-3 months (36%), 3-6 months (30%), 6-12 months (13%), >12 months (11%). Nearly one-third of respondents utilized ancillary testing before outpatient ASM taper, most commonly (79%) a <2 h EEG. Approximately half of respondents had driving restrictions recommended for 6 months after discharge.
SIGNIFICANCE: ASM use for secondary prophylaxis after convulsive and electrographic ASyS is a universal practice and is continued upon discharge. Outpatient care, particularly the ASM duration, varies significantly. Wide practice heterogeneity in managing acute EAs reflects uncertainty about their significance and management. These results highlight the need for a structured outpatient follow-up and optimized care pathway for patients with ASyS.
COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A TRAINED AND AN UNTRAINED SENSORY PANEL ON SWEETCORN VARIETIES WITH THE PANELCHECK SOFTWARE
Creators: name: Loso, Viktor
name: Gere, Attila
name: Gyorey, Annamaria
name: Kokai, Zoltan
name: Sipos, Laszlo
name: Loso, Viktor
name: Gere, Attila
name: Gyorey, Annamaria
name: Kokai, Zoltan
name: Sipos, Laszlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Panel performance
subject: PanelCheck
subject: Sweet corn evaluation
subject: Trained and untrained panel monitoring

description: In this paper the results of trained and untrained sensory panels are compared on five Hungarian commercial sweet corn samples. The two evaluations were carried out in a sensory laboratory (ISO 6658:2005), with the same experimental design, with two replicates, and the panels consisted of 10 panelists. In both cases the panels assembled the profiles of the samples according to the vocabulary chosen by the trained panelists. The results show that the untrained panel has higher standard deviation, weaker repeatability and less significant parameters (ISO/DIS 11132). However 10 of the 17 sensory attributes were significant in the case of the untrained panel, the trained panel has 15 significant parameters with lower standard deviation and good repeatability. During the statistical investigation we focused on the panel performance and used the PanelCheck open source software package to achieve this goal. We followed the workflow suggested by the researchers of the Nofima, the developers of the PanelCheck. According to the examined parameters the trained panel has better discrimination ability (F values) for attributes ’yellow color’, ’hue’, roughness’, ’freshness’, ’juiciness’, ’tenderness’. There was not an attribute evaluated by the untrained panel where all the panel members reached the line representing the 5% significance level. Furthermore the trained panel has better agreement between its assessors (Tucker-1 plots) and the repeatability is much better according to the MSE plots. This examination confirms that it is necessary to train the panels in order to get reliable and consistent results.
Exploring the use of a Large Language Model for data extraction in systematic reviews: a rapid feasibility study
Creators: name: Schmidt, Lena
name: Hair, Kaitlyn
name: Graziosi, Sergio
name: Campbell, Fiona
name: Kapp, Claudia
name: Khanteymoori, Alireza
name: Craig, Dawn
name: Engelbert, Mark
name: Thomas, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a rapid feasibility study of using GPT-4, a large language model (LLM), to (semi)automate data extraction in systematic reviews. Despite the recent surge of interest in LLMs there is still a lack of understanding of how to design LLM-based automation tools and how to robustly evaluate their performance. During the 2023 Evidence Synthesis Hackathon we conducted two feasibility studies. Firstly, to automatically extract study characteristics from human clinical, animal, and social science domain studies. We used two studies from each category for prompt-development; and ten for evaluation. Secondly, we used the LLM to predict Participants, Interventions, Controls and Outcomes (PICOs) labelled within 100 abstracts in the EBM-NLP dataset. Overall, results indicated an accuracy of around 80%, with some variability between domains (82% for human clinical, 80% for animal, and 72% for studies of human social sciences). Causal inference methods and study design were the data extraction items with the most errors. In the PICO study, participants and intervention/control showed high accuracy (>80%), outcomes were more challenging. Evaluation was done manually; scoring methods such as BLEU and ROUGE showed limited value. We observed variability in the LLMs predictions and changes in response quality. This paper presents a template for future evaluations of LLMs in the context of data extraction for systematic review automation. Our results show that there might be value in using LLMs, for example as second or third reviewers. However, caution is advised when integrating models such as GPT-4 into tools. Further research on stability and reliability in practical settings is warranted for each type of data that is processed by the LLM.
description: Conference proceedings, peer-reviewed and presented at the 3rd Workshop on Augmented Intelligence for Technology-Assisted Reviews Systems, Glasgow, 2024
Yukawa Coupling Unification in Supersymmetric Models
Creators: name: Auto, D.
name: Baer, H.
name: Balazs, C.
name: Belyaev, A.
name: Ferrandis, J.
name: Tata, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an updated assessment of the viability of t-b-tau Yukawa coupling unification in supersymmetric models. For the superpotential Higgs mass parameter mu>0, we find unification to less than 1% is possible, but only for GUT scale scalar mass parameter m_{16}~8-20 TeV, and small values of gaugino mass m_{1/2}<400 GeV. Such models require that a GUT scale mass splitting exists amongst Higgs scalars with m_{H_u}^2s gamma and (g-2)_mu constraints, there exists tension with the dark matter relic density unless m_{16}<3 TeV. These models offer prospects for a SUSY discovery at the Fermilab Tevatron collider via the search for chargino_1 neutralino_2 -> 3 leptons events, or via gluino pair production. If mu<0, Yukawa coupling unification to less than 5% can occur for m_{16} and m_{1/2}>1-2 TeV. Consistency of negative mu Yukawa unified models with b->s gamma, (g-2)_mu, and relic density all imply very large values of m_{1/2} typically greater than about 2.5 TeV, in which case direct detection of sparticles may be a challenge even at the LHC.
description: 38 pages, 15 figures. Fig.15 changed, some references were added. A copy of the paper with better resolution figures can be found at http://www.hep.fsu.edu/~balazs/Physics/Papers/2003/
THE ROLE OF AGRIBUSINESS IN STIMULATING ON-FARM INVESTMENTS – CASE-STUDY OF THE ARMENIAN DAIRY SECTOR
Creators: name: Dries, Liesbeth
name: Gorton, Matthew
name: White, John
name: Urutyan, Vardan E.
name: Sardaryan, Gagik
name: Dries, Liesbeth
name: Gorton, Matthew
name: White, John
name: Urutyan, Vardan E.
name: Sardaryan, Gagik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Dairy
subject: on-farm investments
subject: vertical coordination
subject: Armenia

description: This paper analyses the impact on investments of contractual arrangements between farms and agribusiness in the Armenian dairy sector. Our empirical evidence is based on a unique survey of 300 Armenian dairy farms. The dairy sector is of particular importance as it provides vital employment and income, in an environment of weak social security and scarce job opportunities. Furthermore, milk production is predominantly organized in small-scale farms, which are most likely to be affected by adversarial financial conditions and limited in their opportunities to raise resources to invest. The results show that a large share of milk producers in Armenia is actively investing to upgrade their farm business. Furthermore, investment activity is not limited to large dairy farmers as over 30% of respondents with less than eight cows have made dairy-specific investments. We find that the linkages between farms and agribusiness – and more specifically the support programs that agribusiness firms offer to their suppliers – have been crucial in stimulating this restructuring process at the farm level. Interestingly, farmers with a more exclusive relationship to the buyer and farmers that deliver to more internationally oriented buyers are more likely to receive support. On the other hand, buyers that operate in a more competitive market are less likely to provide support to their suppliers. These findings have interesting policy implications. On the one hand, our results point to the gains that can be made from openness to international firms. On the other hand, the negative competition effect indicates that buyers are unable to enforce repayment of the provided farm services in an environment where a lot of buyers are competing for the same supply. Policy makers should look at ways of improving the enforcement capability of dairy companies under these circumstances.
Author Correction: An injectable subcutaneous colon-specific immune niche for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Creators: name: Ting, Jenny P.-Y.
name: Au, Kin Man
name: Wang, Andrew Z.
name: Wilson, Justin E.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Correction to "An injectable subcutaneous colon-specific immune niche for the treatment of ulcerative colitis"
Graphene under bichromatic driving: Commensurability and spatio-temporal symmetries
Creators: name: Kohler, Sigmund
name: Stauber, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-linear current response of a Dirac model that is coupled to two time-periodic electro-magnetic fields with different frequencies. We distinguish between incommensurable and commensurable frequencies, the latter characterized by their ratio p/q with co-prime integers p and q. Coupling the (effective) two-level system to a dissipative bath ensures a well-defined long-time solution for the reduced density operator and, thus, the current. We then analyze the spatio-temporal symmetries that force certain current components to vanish and close with conclusions for directed average currents.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
COMPLEX PROBLEM ANALYSIS OF THE HUNGARIAN DAIRY FARMS
Creators: name: Blasko, Beata
name: Kovacs, Krisztian
name: Szollosi, Laszlo
name: Szucs, Istvan
name: Blasko, Beata
name: Kovacs, Krisztian
name: Szollosi, Laszlo
name: Szucs, Istvan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Hungarian dairy farms
subject: complex problem analysis
subject: SWOT analysis
subject: problem tree

description: Hungarian dairy farms went through significant changes in past two decades. The most significant changes were caused by our accession to the European Union in 2004. In Hungary milk production remarkably declined after EU accession due to the decreasing level of support and decreasing milk prices. Size of our dairy herd has been practically reducing since the political transformation (1989); meanwhile the relative yields per cow have been continuously increasing. Relatively low prices, high production costs and tightening quality requirements ousted several producers – mainly small farms - from the market in past years. Feeding cost represents the highest rate in cost structure of production, but animal health expenditures and various losses are also significant. Applied technology of the Hungarian dairies lags behind theWestern-European competitors’; in addition they have handicaps in efficiency and product innovation. Moreover Hungarian milk and milk product consumption is about half of the Union average. In 2007 at the University of Debrecen the opportunities and the problems of this sector were discussed in the framework of a research and development project entitled “Project-generating based on sector-specific innovation”.At this workshop farmers, experts and advisers shared their ideas which were all gathered. The main objective of our paper is to provide useful information for the decision makers and the most important members of the sector. Using the practically successful ideas plus the ideas based on previous experience a new strategic concept was created. To reach the objective of this paper we collected, synthesized and analysed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the dairy farms and performed a SWOT analysis. On the basis of this SWOT analysis we set up a well organised problem hierarchy which would help to identify the main weaknesses of the sector. This analysis gives a great framework for the researches and it also gives a useful tool for the decision makers to improve the competitiveness of the Hungarian dairy sector.
Correction: RhoA/Rock activation represents a new mechanism for inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the aging-associated bone loss
Creators: name: Yan, Ziyi
name: Wang, Jirong
name: Wu, Ximei
name: Ren, Qianlei
name: Gong, Ying
name: Zeng, Ling-Hui
name: Ji, Xing
name: Xu, Chengyun
name: Hussain, Musaddique
name: Tang, Chao
name: Shi, Wei
name: Qv, Meiyu
name: Mei, Liu
name: Hu, Xinhua
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Correction to "RhoA/Rock activation represents a new mechanism for inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the aging-associated bone loss"
Experimental validation of the theoretical prediction for the optical $S$ matrix
Creators: name: Martínez-Argüello, A. M.
name: Domínguez-Rocha, V.
name: Méndez-Sánchez, R. A.
name: Martínez-Mares, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering of waves is omnipresent in nature in systems with sizes varying from $10^{-15}$ to $10^{25}$ m. Within this 40 orders of magnitude, in a great number of systems, the scattering can be separated in an averaged response that crosses rapidly the scattering region and a fluctuating delayed response. This fact is the basis of the optical model; the averaged response, represented by the optical matrix $\langle S\rangle$, is composed with the fluctuating part that can be taken as a random matrix. Although the optical model was developed more than 60 years ago, a theoretical prediction for the optical matrix was obtained until very recently. The validity of such prediction is experimentally demonstrated here. This is done studying the scattering of torsional waves in a quasi-1D elastic system in which a locally periodic system is built; the distribution of the scattering matrix is calculated completely free of parameters. In contradistinction to all previous works, in microwaves and in elasticity, in which the value of $\langle S\rangle$ is obtained from the experiment, here the theoretical prediction is used to compare with the experiment. Numerical simulations show that the theoretical value is still valid when strong disorder is present. Several applications of the theoretical expression for the optical matrix in other areas of physics are proposed. Possible extensions of this work are also discussed.
description: 7pages, 5 figures
The prevalence of gross pathological damage in the livers of dairy cattle at processing plants in autumn in the North Island of New Zealand and an assessment of the gross liver pathology score as a method for estimating the prevalence of facial eczema
Creators: name: RA Laven
name: EL Cuttance
name: DA Yang
name: WA Mason
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: To measure the prevalence of gross pathological damage in the livers of dairy cows at slaughter in the North Island of New Zealand in 2018 and 2019 and to determine, using Bayesian latent class analysis, the specificity and sensitivity of gross liver pathology score (GLS) as a method for detecting moderate to severe facial eczema (FE) at processing plants. Meat inspectors at four processing plants located in the Northland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Taranaki regions of New Zealand graded all dairy cattle livers on particular days in April and May of 2018 and 2019 using a gross liver pathology score (GLS) from 0–5 (0 = no damage, 1= fatty liver, 2 = cholangitis and early cirrhosis, 3 = cirrhosis, 4 = extensive cirrhosis, 5 = regeneration). Forty livers from each grade were selected for histopathology. Sections from the apical margin of the right and the left lobes were scored using a histology biliary score (HBS; scored from 1–16) based on the classical histological lesions of FE focussing on changes that differentiate FE from fasciolosis. Mean HBS was collapsed into scores 2–6 (no and mild damage) and score 7–12 (moderate and severe) and GLS was collapsed into grades 0–2 (no or mild damage) and grades 3–5 (moderate, severe and chronic damage). A Bayesian latent class model was developed to estimate sensitivity and specificity of HBS and GLS. The diagnostic target was moderate or severe, gross and/or histological changes in the liver consistent with FE. A total of 2,899 dairy cow livers were graded at the four plants over the two study periods. There were 700/2,899 (24.1%) livers with at least some form of gross pathology damage (GLS≥1) and 130/2,899 (4.5%) livers with moderate, severe or chronic gross pathology damage (GLS≥3). The estimates (posterior median) for the sensitivity and specificity of GLS to liver damage were 0.844 (95% credible interval (CrI) = 0.757–0.905) and 0.932 (95% CrI = 0.866–0.973) respectively. Estimates for HBS were 0.834 (95% CrI = 0.765–0.892) and 0.778 (95% CrI = 0.707–0.854), respectively. GLS is a useful means of estimating liver damage consistent with FE at slaughter. Increased use of liver scoring at slaughter could be useful for monitoring the likely impacts of FE at the country and regional levels.
Cronin effect from backward to forward rapidity
Creators: name: Accardi, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss recent experimental data on the Cronin effect in deuteron-gold collisions at the top RHIC energy, in a pseudorapidity range [-2,3]. Two theoretical approaches are compared and contrasted: the pQCD-based Glauber-Eikonal model and Colour Glass Condensate models. Neither can describe the Cronin effect over the whole pseudorapidity interval up to now explored experimentally, its most mysterious and intriguing part being at negative rapidity.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Talk given at International Workshop on Hot and Dense Matter in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions (BP 2004), Budapest, Hungary, 24-27 March, 2004
Carex buekii Wimmer 1852
Creators: name: Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro
name: Martinetto, Edoardo
name: Esser, Hans-Joachim
name: Soldano, Adriano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Carex
Carex buekii

description: Carex buekii Wimmer (1852: 83)
 Lectotype (designated here):— POLAND. ‘l. pr. Wratislau e manu Wimmer!. s. d., J. N. Buek s.n.’ (M 0124780!; isolectotypes B 10 0218382!, JE s.n. (two sheets)!).
description: Published as part of Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro, Martinetto, Edoardo, Esser, Hans-Joachim & Soldano, Adriano, 2014, Lectotypification of Carex buekii (Cyperaceae), pp. 238-240 in Phytotaxa 188 (4) on page 239, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5147470
Transport theory of carbon nanotube Y junctions
Creators: name: Egger, R.
name: Trauzettel, B.
name: Chen, S.
name: Siano, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a generalization of Landauer-Büttiker theory for networks of interacting metallic carbon nanotubes. We start with symmetric starlike junctions and then extend our approach to asymmetric systems. While the symmetric case is solved in closed form, the asymmetric situation is treated by a mix of perturbative and non-perturbative methods. For N>2 repulsively interacting nanotubes, the only stable fixed point of the symmetric system corresponds to an isolated node. Detailed results for both symmetric and asymmetric systems are shown for N=3, corresponding to carbon nanotube Y junctions.
description: submitted to New Journal of Physics, Focus Issue on Carbon Nanotubes, 15 pages, 3 figures
Harnessing Large Language Models for Software Vulnerability Detection: A Comprehensive Benchmarking Study
Creators: name: Tamberg, Karl
name: Bahsi, Hayretdin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite various approaches being employed to detect vulnerabilities, the number of reported vulnerabilities shows an upward trend over the years. This suggests the problems are not caught before the code is released, which could be caused by many factors, like lack of awareness, limited efficacy of the existing vulnerability detection tools or the tools not being user-friendly. To help combat some issues with traditional vulnerability detection tools, we propose using large language models (LLMs) to assist in finding vulnerabilities in source code. LLMs have shown a remarkable ability to understand and generate code, underlining their potential in code-related tasks. The aim is to test multiple state-of-the-art LLMs and identify the best prompting strategies, allowing extraction of the best value from the LLMs. We provide an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the LLM-based approach and compare the results to those of traditional static analysis tools. We find that LLMs can pinpoint many more issues than traditional static analysis tools, outperforming traditional tools in terms of recall and F1 scores. The results should benefit software developers and security analysts responsible for ensuring that the code is free of vulnerabilities.
Expression of fibroblast activation protein and the clinicopathological relevance in distal cholangiocarcinoma
Creators: name: Byrling, Johannes
name: Sasor, Agata
name: Nilsson, Johan
name: Hilmersson, Katarzyna Said
name: Andersson, Roland
name: Andersson, Bodil
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Objectives: The current survival of patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) is poor. There is a need to develop new prognostic and predictive biomarkers to improve the survival of patients. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression has been associated with survival in several solid malignancies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern and prognostic significance of FAP in dCCA. Materials and methods: FAP expression was examined in 57 resected dCCA specimens and 28 paired lymph node metastasis specimens, as well as 10 benign bile ducts using immunohistochemistry. FAP expression was scored in the epithelial and stromal component of the dCCA specimens. The association between FAP expression and prognosis was evaluated using univariable and multivariable statistical modeling. Results: FAP expression was absent in the benign controls. FAP expression was evident in the epithelial 43 (75%) and stromal compartment 34 (60%) of dCCA. There was no association between epithelial or stromal FAP expression and clinicopathological factors. Epithelial FAP expression (HR 0.4 95% CI 0.20–0.78; p=.007) but not stromal FAP expression was significantly associated with better survival in univariable and multivariable analysis. Conclusions: FAP overexpression is evident in dCCA. There was a positive association between epithelial FAP expression and better survival which merits further evaluation.
Estimation of the detected background by the future gamma-ray transient mission CAMELOT
Creators: name: Ripa, J.
name: Galgóczi, G.
name: Werner, N.
name: Pál, A.
name: Ohno, M.
name: Mészáros, L.
name: Mizuno, T.
name: Tarcai, N.
name: Torigoe, K.
name: Uchida, N.
name: Fukazawa, Y.
name: Takahashi, H.
name: Nakazawa, K.
name: Hirade, N.
name: Hirose, K.
name: Hisadomi, S.
name: Enoto, T.
name: Odaka, H.
name: Ichinohe, Y.
name: Frei, Z.
name: Kiss, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study presents a background estimation for the Cubesats Applied for MEasuring and LOcalising Transients (CAMELOT), which is a proposed fleet of nanosatellites for the all-sky monitoring and timing based localization of gamma-ray transients with precise localization capability at low Earth orbits. CAMELOT will allow to observe and precisely localize short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) associated with kilonovae, long GRBs associated with core-collapse massive stars, magnetar outbursts, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, and gamma-ray counterparts to gravitational wave sources. The fleet of at least nine 3U CubeSats is proposed to be equipped with large and thin CsI(Tl) scintillators read out by multi-pixel photon counters (MPPC). A careful study of the radiation environment in space is necessary to optimize the detector casing, estimate the duty cycle due to the crossing of the South Atlantic Anomaly and polar regions, and to minimize the effect of the radiation damage of MPPCs.
description: 8 pages, 6 pages, 2 tables, accepted in Astronomische Nachrichten, article ID: ASNA368
Effects of PFAS on human liver transporters: implications for health outcomes
Creators: name: Vujic, Ena
name: Brouwer, Kim L R
name: Ferguson, Stephen S
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become internationally recognized over the past three decades as persistent organic pollutants used in the production of various consumer and industrial goods. Research efforts continue to gauge the risk that historically used, and newly produced, PFAS may cause to human health. Numerous studies report toxic effects of PFAS on the human liver as well as increased serum cholesterol levels in adults. A major concern with PFAS, also dubbed "forever chemicals," is that they accumulate in the liver and kidney and persist in serum. The mechanisms responsible for their disposition and excretion in humans are poorly understood. A better understanding of the interaction of PFAS with liver transporters, as it pertains to the disposition of PFAS and other xenobiotics, could provide mechanistic insight into human health effects and guide efforts toward risk assessment of compounds in development. This review summarizes the current state of the literature on the emerging relationships (eg, substrates, inhibitors, modulators of gene expression) between PFAS and specific hepatic transporters. The adaptive and toxicological responses of hepatocytes to PFAS that reveal linkages to pathologies and epidemiological findings are highlighted. The evidence suggests that our understanding of the molecular landscape of PFAS must improve to determine their impact on the expression and function of hepatocyte transporters that play a key role in PFAS or other xenobiotic disposition. From here, we can assess what role these changes may have in documented human health outcomes.
The ‘Palaeolithic Prospection in the Inde Valley’ Project
Creators: name: Pawlik, Alfred F.
name: Thissen, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Im Rahmen des Projektes „Prospektion Paläolithikum im Indetal“ der Stiftung Archäologie im Rheinischen Braunkohlenrevier wurden in den Jahren 2005 und 2006 im Tagebau Inden zwischen Jülich-Kirchberg und Lamersdorf die pleistozänen Deckschichten mittels 20 Baggertiefschnitten sondiert. Ziel war es, fossile Landoberflächen und mögliche paläolithische Siedlungsplätze zu finden und freizulegen. Im Dezember 2005 konnte in der Ortslage Inden-Altdorf eine mittelpaläolithische Fundschicht aus dem Eem-Interglazial entdeckt werden, die bis September 2006 auf einer Fläche von 3000 m² archäologisch untersucht werden konnte. Es fanden sich 700 Steinartefakte und herbeigebrachte Gerölle, aber auch evidente Grubenbefunde und Feuerstellen. Drei Baumwürfe lagen mitten in der Hauptartefaktkonzentration und waren wohl in das Siedlungsgeschehen eingebunden. Die Artefaktoberflächen waren kantenscharf und nicht patiniert, so dass die durchgeführten Gebrauchsspurenanalysen außergewöhnlich erfolgreich waren. Auf 120 der insgesamt 136 für die Gebrauchsspurenanalyse ausgewählten Artefakte fanden sich Mikrospuren verschiedenartiger Tätigkeiten sowie Residuen. Diese konnten mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und energiedispersiver Röntgenmikroanalyse als Reste von Birkenrindenpech identifiziert werden. 82 Geräte mit Residuen erwiesen sich entweder als geschäftete Einsätze, die mit diesem Pech an den Schäften befestigt wurden oder als Werkzeuge für die Reparatur von gebrauchten und mit Pech verklebten Schäftungen, und dem Auswechseln verbrauchter Feuersteineinsätze dienten. Birkenrindenpech kann als ältester synthetisch hergestellter Werkstoff angesehen werden und wird in der Regel mit dem Jungpaläolithikum und modernen Menschen assoziiert. Die auf den Micoquien Artefakten aus Inden vorgefundenen Birkenpechreste zeigen, daß sowohl Schäftungstechnologien, Gebrauch und Herstellung von Klebstoff als auch die Anfertigung von komplexen, aus mehreren Komponenten bestehenden Geräten im Mittelpaläolithikum durchaus üblich waren. Deren Vorhandensein, noch dazu in einer vergleichsweise hohen Anzahl, kann als deutlicher Hinweis auf moderne menschliche Verhaltensweisen gewertet werden.
description: research
The Loess Chronology of the Island of Susak, Croatia
Creators: name: Wacha, Lara
name: Pavlaković, Snježana Mikulčić
name: Frechen, Manfred
name: Crnjaković, Marta
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Zahlreiche infrarot optisch stimulierte Lumineszenz (IRSL)- und Radiokohlenstoff (14C)-Datierungen wurden an mächtigen Löss-/Paläobodenabfolgen der Insel Susak in der nördlichen Adria von Kroatien durchgeführt. Die Datierungsergebnisse zeigen, dass eine sehr detaillierte spätpleistozäne Sedimentabfolge auf Susak erhalten geblieben ist, die mit den marinen Sauerstoffisotopenstadien (OIS) 5 bis 2 korreliert. Hervorzuheben ist ein besonders mächtiges und gut gegliedertes Mittelpleniglazial. Aufgrund der großen Mächtigkeit von bis zu 90 m bildet der Löss auf Susak ein einzigartiges außerordentlich hoch aufgelöstes Klimaarchiv in dieser Region. Die zahlreichen im Löss zwischen geschalteten Paläoböden weisen auf Klimavariationen, die auf Susak wärmer gewesen sind als beispielsweise im benachbarten Karpatenbecken. Die große Mächtigkeit der Abfolge korreliert mit den während des OIS 3 allgemein höheren Staubakkumulationen in Europa. Basierend auf den nummerischen Altern kann die Löss-/Paläobodenabfolge aus Susak mit denen aus Norditalien und dem Karpatenbecken verglichen werden und ermöglichen eine detailliertere zeit-basierte Rekonstruktion der Klima- und Umweltveränderungen im Arbeitsgebiet.
description: research