cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Quasi-Optimal Factorization Preconditioner for Periodic Schrödinger Eigenstates in Anisotropically Expanding Domains
Creators: name: Stamm, Benjamin
name: Theisen, Lambert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65N25, 65F15, 65N30, 35B27, 35B40

description: This paper provides a provably quasi-optimal preconditioning strategy of the linear Schrödinger eigenvalue problem with periodic potentials for a possibly non-uniform spatial expansion of the domain. The quasi-optimality is achieved by having the iterative eigenvalue algorithms converge in a constant number of iterations for different domain sizes. In the analysis, we derive an analytic factorization of the spectrum and asymptotically describe it using concepts from the homogenization theory. This decomposition allows us to express the eigenpair as an easy-to-calculate cell problem solution combined with an asymptotically vanishing remainder. We then prove that the easy-to-calculate limit eigenvalue can be used in a shift-and-invert preconditioning strategy to bound the number of eigensolver iterations uniformly. Several numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of this quasi-optimal preconditioning strategy.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Effect of fluctuations on the Geodesic rule for topological defect formation
Creators: name: Digal, Sanatan
name: Mamale, Vinod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At finite temperature, the field along a linear stretch of correlation length size is supposed to trace the shortest path in the field space given the two end point values, known as the Geodesic rule. In this study, we compute the probability that, the field variations over distances of correlation length follow this rule in theories with $O(2)$ global symmetry. We consider a simple ferromagnetic $O(2)$ spin-model and a complex $ϕ^4$ theory. The computations are carried out on an ensemble of equilibrium configurations, generated using Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results suggest significant deviation to the Geodesic rule, relevant for formation of topological defects during quench in 2nd order phase transition. Also for the case of $O(2)-$spins in two dimensions, distribution and density of vortices, have been studied. It is found that, for quench temperatures close to the transition point, the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism underestimates equilibrium density of defects. The exponents corresponding to width of the distributions, are found to be smaller than Kibble Mechanism estimates and match only when there is no deviation from the geodesic rule.
description: 16 pages,12 figures
Maxwell-Higgs self-dual solitons on an infinite cylinder
Creators: name: Casana, Rodolfo
name: Sourrouille, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the Maxwell-Higgs model on the surface of an infinite cylinder. In particular we show that this model supports self-dual topological soliton solutions on the infinite tube. Finally, the Bogomol'nyi-type equations are studied from theoretical and numerical point of view.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. To be published in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Hybrid transforms of constructible functions
Creators: name: Lebovici, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 32B20, 44A05, 55N31

description: We introduce a general definition of hybrid transforms for constructible functions. These are integral transforms combining Lebesgue integration and Euler calculus. Lebesgue integration gives access to well-studied kernels and to regularity results, while Euler calculus conveys topological information and allows for compatibility with operations on constructible functions. We conduct a systematic study of such transforms and introduce two new ones: the Euler-Fourier and Euler-Laplace transforms. We show that the first has a left inverse and that the second provides a satisfactory generalization of Govc and Hepworth's persistent magnitude to constructible sheaves, in particular to multi-parameter persistent modules. Finally, we prove index-theoretic formulae expressing a wide class of hybrid transforms as generalized Euler integral transforms. This yields expectation formulae for transforms of constructible functions associated to (sub)level-sets persistence of random Gaussian filtrations.
description: 44 pages. Some sections are clarified and proofs simplified following the reviews. We thank anonymous referees for their suggestions
Inference on semi-parametric transformation model with a pairwise likelihood based on left-truncated and interval-censored data
Creators: name: Lou, Yichen
name: Wang, Peijie
name: Sun, Jianguo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Semi-parametric transformation models provide a general and flexible class of models for regression analysis of failure time data and many methods have been developed for their estimation. In particular, they include the proportional hazards and proportional odds models as special cases. In this paper, we discuss the situation where one observes left-truncated and interval-censored data, for which it does not seem to exist an established method. For the problem, in contrast to the commonly used conditional approach that may not be efficient, a pairwise pseudo-likelihood method is proposed to recover some missing information in the conditional method. The proposed estimators are proved to be consistent and asymptotically efficient and normal. A simulation study is conducted to assess the empirical performance of the method and suggests that it works well in practical situations. This method is illustrated by using a set of real data arising from an HIV/AIDS cohort study.
Hot New Early Dark Energy: Towards a Unified Dark Sector of Neutrinos, Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Creators: name: Niedermann, Florian
name: Sloth, Martin S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hot new early dark energy describes a supercooled, first-order phase transition that takes place at sub-eV temperatures in the dark sector. It lowers the sound horizon, which provides a possible solution to the Hubble tension, and, at the same time, it can explain the neutrino masses through the inverse seesaw mechanism by making a set of sterile Majorana fermions massive. First, we argue that this scenario strengthens existing cosmological bounds on the heaviest neutrino mass. This, in turn, constrains the dark sector temperature, which provides us in total with two falsifiable predictions. In a second step, we discuss the phenomenological consequences of embedding hot new early dark energy in a larger gauge group that is partially broken above the TeV scale. This novel theory, which could even be motivated independently of the Hubble tension, completes the high-energy corner of the inverse seesaw mechanism and explains the mass of a dark matter candidate that can be produced through gravitational interactions at high energies.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, v3: matches published version; added detailed discussion of model's signatures and figure with constraints on heaviest neutrino mass
Wellposedness of Mean Field Games with Common Noise Under a Weak Monotonicity Condition
Creators: name: Ahuja, Saran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider Mean Field Games in the presence of common noise relaxing the usual independence assumption of individual random noise. We assume a simple linear model with terminal cost satisfying a convexity and a weak monotonicity property. Our main result is showing existence and uniqueness of a Mean Field Game solution using the Stochastic Maximum Principle. The uniqueness is a result of a monotonicity property similar to that of Lasry and Lions. We use the Banach Fixed Point Theorem to establish an existence over small time duration and show that it can be extended over an arbitrary finite time duration.
description: 22 pages
Multifaceted Comparison of AI-Generated and Original Medical Paper Abstracts: A Holistic Evaluation
Creators: name: Heidari, Afshin
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
subject: Other Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Cardiology
subject: ChatGPT
subject: Human-AI Interaction
subject: Medical Research
subject: Methodology
subject: Randomized Controlled Trials
subject: Text Comparison

description: This project aims to delve into the capacities of artificial intelligence in generating medical papers -mainly in the field of cardiology- abstracts and compare them with the original abstracts comprehensively. Our evaluation will consider the association of significance, effect size, and, if possible, semantic similarity and other comparisons possible to answer the research question. By undertaking a broad comparison, we aim to provide a more detailed understanding of how accurately AI can replicate or mimic the complex features of medical research papers. This study holds the potential to offer critical insights into the possible roles AI could assume in the field of medical research and its future implications.
title: Loss of animal feed due to infestation by Rhyzopertha dominica
Creators: name: Wolly Wijayaratne, Leanage Kanaka
name: Dissanayaka, Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Saman Kumara
name: Sammani, Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Prabodha
name: Rajapakse, Rohan Harshalal Sarathchandra
Publisher: name: Julius-Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: Despite the use of natural food for livestock production, different animal feeds are currently available at the market. Long-term storage of these animal feeds lead to deterioration and contamination by insects. Therefore, it is important that the loss of these animal feeds be determined and methods to control the damage be sought. This study was conducted to determine the loss of eleven types of animal feed commonly used in Sri Lanka due to infestation by Rhyzopertha dominica, a major granivorous insect species.
Twenty newly emerged adults of R. dominica were introduced separately to each animal feed: fish feed, rabbit feed, dog feed, cat feed, chick mash, grower mash, layer mash, broiler starter, broiler finisher, bird feed (Bajiri), and rice polish. Each animal feed was maintained either aerated or air tight. These parent adults were maintained for 21 days in the media under ambient environmental conditions (30°C, 65% relative humidity), and then removed. The progeny adults emerged in each feed sample were removed and the weight of the samples was determined at monthly intervals. In general, weight loss of animal feed varied with the feed type, duration of exposure, and aeration condition. Attention needs to be paid to protect those animal feeds that recorded higher losses due to R. dominica during storage.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 463, Vol.1 (2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018
Memcomputing with membrane memcapacitive systems
Creators: name: Pershin, Yuriy V.
name: Traversa, Fabio L.
name: Di Ventra, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show theoretically that networks of membrane memcapacitive systems -- capacitors with memory made out of membrane materials -- can be used to perform a complete set of logic gates in a massively parallel way by simply changing the external input amplitudes, but not the topology of the network. This polymorphism is an important characteristic of memcomputing (computing with memories) that closely reproduces one of the main features of the brain. A practical realization of these membrane memcapacitive systems, using, e.g., graphene or other 2D materials, would be a step forward towards a solid-state realization of memcomputing with passive devices.
The accretion history of dark matter halos I: The physical origin of the universal function
Creators: name: Correa, Camila A.
name: Wyithe, J. Stuart B.
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Duffy, Alan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the universal accretion history of dark matter halos is the first step towards determining the origin of their structure. We use the extended Press-Schechter formalism to derive the halo mass accretion history from the growth rate of initial density perturbations. We show that the halo mass history is well described by an exponential function of redshift in the high-redshift regime. However, in the low-redshift regime the mass history follows a power law because the growth of density perturbations is halted in the dark energy dominated era due to the accelerated expansion of the Universe. We provide an analytic model that follows the expression $M(z) = M_{0}(1+z)^{af(M_{0})}e^{-f(M_{0})z}$, where $M_{0} = M(z=0)$, $a$ depends on cosmology and $f(M_{0})$ depends only on the linear matter power spectrum. The analytic model does not rely on calibration against numerical simulations and is suitable for any cosmology. We compare our model with the latest empirical models for the mass accretion history in the literature and find very good agreement. We provide numerical routines for the model online.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. Updated to match published version from MNRAS. Codes to compute halo mass histories are available online (http://ph.unimelb.edu.au/~correac/html/codes.html)
Polyfunctions over Commutative Rings
Creators: name: Specker, Ernst
name: Hungerbühler, Norbert
name: Wasem, Micha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A function $f:R\to R$, where $R$ is a commutative ring with unit element, is called polyfunction if it admits a polynomial representative $p\in R[x]$. Based on this notion we introduce ring invariants which associate to $R$ the numbers $s(R)$ and $s(R';R)$, where $R'$ is the subring generated by $1$. For the ring $R=\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z$ the invariant $s(R)$ coincides with the number theoretic \emph{Smarandache function} $s(n)$. If every function in a ring $R$ is a polyfunction, then $R$ is a finite field according to the Rédei-Szele theorem, and it holds that $s(R)=|R|$. However, the condition $s(R)=|R|$ does not imply that every function $f:R\to R$ is a polyfunction. We classify all finite commutative rings $R$ with unit element which satisfy $s(R)=|R|$. For infinite rings $R$, we obtain a bound on the cardinality of the subring $R'$ and for $s(R';R)$ in terms of $s(R)$. In particular we show that $|R'|\leqslant s(R)!$. We also give two new proofs for the Rédei-Szele theorem which are based on our results.
description: 12 pages
Complex homogeneous surfaces
Creators: name: McKay, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32M10, 53C30

description: We classify the transitive, effective, holomorphic actions of connected complex Lie groups on complex surfaces.
description: 29 pages, slightly corrected from the published version
On a topological Ramsey Theorem
Creators: name: Kubiś, Wiesław
name: Szeptycki, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E02, 54A20, 54D30

description: We introduce natural strengthenings of sequential compactness called the $r$-Ramsey property for each natural number $r\geq 1$. We prove that metrizable compact spaces are $r$-Ramsey for all $r$ and give examples of compact spaces that are $r$-Ramsey but not $r+1$-Ramsey for each $r\geq 1$ (assuming CH for all $r>1$
description: 10 pages
Boosted Event Topologies from TeV Scale Light Quark Composite Partners
Creators: name: Backović, Mihailo
name: Flacke, Thomas
name: Kim, Jeong Han
name: Lee, Seung J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new search strategy for quark partners which decay into a boosted Higgs and a light quark. As an example, we consider phenomenologically viable right handed up-type quark partners of mass $\sim 1$ TeV in composite pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-boson Higgs models within the context of flavorful naturalness. Our results show that $S/B > 1$ and signal significance of $\sim 7σ$ is achievable at $\sqrt{s} = 14$ TeV LHC with 35 $fb^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, sufficient to claim discovery of a new particle. A combination of a multi-dimensional boosted Higgs tagging technique, kinematics of pair produced heavy objects and $b$-tagging serves to efficiently diminish the large QCD backgrounds while maintaining adequate levels of signal efficiency. We present the analysis in the context of effective field theory, such that our results can be applied to any future search for pair produced vector-like quarks with decay modes to Higgs and a light jet.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, v2: short discussion added in Sec. 2, references added, corresponds to version published in JHEP
$r$-process Nucleosynthesis and Kilonovae from Hypermassive Neutron Star Remnants
Creators: name: Curtis, Sanjana
name: Mösta, Philipp
name: Wu, Zhenyu
name: Radice, David
name: Roberts, Luke
name: Ricigliano, Giacomo
name: Perego, Albino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate $r$-process nucleosynthesis and kilonova emission resulting from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers based on a three-dimensional (3D) general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulation of a hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) remnant. The simulation includes a microphysical finite-temperature equation of state (EOS) and neutrino emission and absorption effects via a leakage scheme. We track the thermodynamic properties of the ejecta using Lagrangian tracer particles and determine its composition using the nuclear reaction network $\texttt{SkyNet}$. We investigate the impact of neutrinos on the nucleosynthetic yields by varying the neutrino luminosities during post-processing. The ejecta show a broad distribution with respect to their electron fraction $Y_e$, peaking between $\sim$0.25-0.4 depending on the neutrino luminosity employed. We find that the resulting $r$-process abundance patterns differ from solar, with no significant production of material beyond the second $r$-process peak when using luminosities recorded by the tracer particles. We also map the HMNS outflows to the radiation hydrodynamics code $\texttt{SNEC}$ and predict the evolution of the bolometric luminosity as well as broadband light curves of the kilonova. The bolometric light curve peaks on the timescale of a day and the brightest emission is seen in the infrared bands. This is the first direct calculation of the $r$-process yields and kilonova signal expected from HMNS winds based on 3D GRMHD simulations. For longer-lived remnants, these winds may be the dominant ejecta component producing the kilonova emission.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Dynamic conformal spherically symmetric solutions in an accelerated background
Creators: name: Moradpour, Hooman
name: Riazi, Nematollah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider dynamical spherically symmetric spacetimes, which are conformal to the static spherically symmetric metrics, and find new solutions of Einstein equations by symmetry considerations. Our study help us classify various conformal Black Holes that are embedded within a dynamic background into the one class of solutions with the same conformal symmetry. In addition, Thermodynamics, mathematical and gravitational properties are addressed. These solutions point to have a better resolution of the meaning of the Black Holes in the dynamic background.
description: Accepted by Rom. Rep. Phys
Properties of globular clusters formed in dark matter mini-halos
Creators: name: Vitral, Eduardo
name: Boldrini, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We seek to differentiate dynamical and morphological attributes between globular clusters (GCs) that were formed inside their own dark matter (DM) mini-halo, and those who were not. We employ high resolution full N-body simulations on GPU of GCs with and without a DM mini-halo, orbiting a Fornax-like dwarf galaxy. For GCs with DM, we observe that this dark extra mass triggers a tidal radius growth that allows the mini-halo to act as a protective shield against tidal stripping, being itself stripped beforehand the stars. We demonstrate that this shielding effect becomes negligible when the tidal radius is smaller than the half-mass radius of the mini-halo. Contrary to previous predictions, we found that the inflation of outer stellar velocity dispersion profiles is expected for GCs with and without a mini-halo, as a result of the host's tidal field. Moreover, we observe that GCs with a DM mini-halo should have, in general, relatively more radial outer velocity anisotropy profiles throughout all their orbits, smaller degrees of internal rotation, and as a consequence of the latter, smaller ellipticities for their stellar distribution. Due to dynamical friction, we observe a clear bimodal evolutionary distribution of GCs with and without DM in the integrals of motion space and show that for GCs originally embedded in DM, this method is not reliable for association with previous accretion events. Finally, we provide parametric mass profiles of disrupted DM mini-halos from GCs to be used in Jeans modelling and orbital integration studies.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Non-analytic behavior of the relativistic r-modes in slowly rotating neutron stars
Creators: name: Kraav, Kirill Y.
name: Gusakov, Mikhail E.
name: Kantor, Elena M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An inconsistency between the theoretical analysis and numerical calculations of the relativistic $r$-modes puzzles the neutron star community since the Kojima's finding of the continuous part in the $r$-mode oscillation spectrum in 1997. In this paper, after a brief review of the Newtonian $r$-mode theory and of the literature devoted to the continuous spectrum of $r$-modes, we apply our original approach to the study of relativistic oscillation equations. Working within the Cowling approximation, we derive the general equations, governing the dynamics of discrete relativistic $r$-modes for both barotropic (isentropic) and nonbarotropic stars. A detailed analysis of the obtained equations in the limit of extremely slow stellar rotation rate reveals that, because of the effect of inertial reference frame-dragging, the relativistic $r$-mode eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies become {\it non-analytic} functions of the stellar angular velocity, $Ω$. We also derive the explicit expressions for the $r$-mode eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies for very small values of $Ω$. These expressions explain the asymptotic behavior of the numerically calculated eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions in the limit $Ω\to 0$. All the obtained $r$-mode eigenfrequencies take discrete values in the frequency range, usually associated with the continuous part of the spectrum. No indications of the continuous spectrum, at least in the vicinity of the Newtonian $l=m=2$ $r$-mode frequency $σ=-4/3 \ Ω$, are found.
description: 40 pages, 8 figures
De Sitter scattering amplitudes in the Born approximation
Creators: name: Ferrero, Renata
name: Ripken, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a covariant framework to compute scattering amplitudes and potentials in a de Sitter background. In this setting, we compute the potential of a graviton-mediated scattering process involving two very massive scalars at tree level. Although the obtained scattering potential reproduces the Newtonian potential at short distances, on Hubble-size length scales it is affected by the constant curvature: effectively, it yields a repulsive force at sub-Hubble distances. This can be attributed to the expansion of the de Sitter universe. Beyond the de Sitter horizon, the potential vanishes identically. Hence, the scattering amplitude unveils the geometric properties of de Sitter spacetime in a novel and nontrivial way.
Symmetry Protected Topological Order in Open Quantum Systems
Creators: name: de Groot, Caroline
name: Turzillo, Alex
name: Schuch, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically investigate the robustness of symmetry protected topological (SPT) order in open quantum systems by studying the evolution of string order parameters and other probes under noisy channels. We find that one-dimensional SPT order is robust against noisy couplings to the environment that satisfy a strong symmetry condition, while it is destabilized by noise that satisfies only a weak symmetry condition, which generalizes the notion of symmetry for closed systems. We also discuss "transmutation" of SPT phases into other SPT phases of equal or lesser complexity, under noisy channels that satisfy twisted versions of the strong symmetry condition.
How Not to Protect Your IP -- An Industry-Wide Break of IEEE 1735 Implementations
Creators: name: Speith, Julian
name: Schweins, Florian
name: Ender, Maik
name: Fyrbiak, Marc
name: May, Alexander
name: Paar, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern hardware systems are composed of a variety of third-party Intellectual Property (IP) cores to implement their overall functionality. Since hardware design is a globalized process involving various (untrusted) stakeholders, a secure management of the valuable IP between authors and users is inevitable to protect them from unauthorized access and modification. To this end, the widely adopted IEEE standard 1735-2014 was created to ensure confidentiality and integrity. In this paper, we outline structural weaknesses in IEEE 1735 that cannot be fixed with cryptographic solutions (given the contemporary hardware design process) and thus render the standard inherently insecure. We practically demonstrate the weaknesses by recovering the private keys of IEEE 1735 implementations from major Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool vendors, namely Intel, Xilinx, Cadence, Siemens, Microsemi, and Lattice, while results on a seventh case study are withheld. As a consequence, we can decrypt, modify, and re-encrypt all allegedly protected IP cores designed for the respective tools, thus leading to an industry-wide break. As part of this analysis, we are the first to publicly disclose three RSA-based white-box schemes that are used in real-world products and present cryptanalytical attacks for all of them, finally resulting in key recovery.
Patients as partners in perinatal health research: protocol for a scoping review
Creators: name: Cunningham, Jessie
name: Yanara
name: Fajardo, Renee Gabrielle
name: Grandi, Sonia M.
name: Selvaratnam, Inthuja
name: Zhao, Lucy
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: patient engagement
subject: patient involvement
subject: patient-oriented research
subject: perinatal
subject: scoping review

description: This scoping review protocol aims to understand patient engagement methods involving patients as partners in perinatal health research.
title: Quality and safety conditions of flocked oats (Avena sativa L.) stored in bags
Creators: name: Martins, Camila S.
name: Da S. Soares, Carlos E.
name: De S. Maria, Giovana
name: Klaumann, Talane
name: De O. D., Milena
name: Ribeiro, Christiano W. R.
name: Ferreira, Bárbara C. F.
name: Scussel, Vildes M.
Publisher: name: Julius-Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: Oats (Avena sativa L.) have reached the healthy food market worldwide due to its special nutrients composition and fiber high quality. Therefore, quality & safety control is a must, both during the storage and commercialization stages. The current study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics (flakes size/variation %, pH, moisture content-mc, water activity-aw), living organisms (insects & mites / mycoflora - fungi load& genera identification), mycotoxins(ochratoxin A – OTA / zearalenone – ZON / aflatoxins – AFLs / esterigmatocistin – EST)andthe storage conditions of flocked oats stored inbags.Regarding the oats physicochemical characteristics, flakes particle size varied, however most of the samples present size uniformityand only one sample had high percentage of residue. That indicates high insects and other living organisms activity (consumption / proliferation) of oats starch and other nutrients. The analysis through stereomicroscope showed intense presence of insects and mites. Samples were seen also sheltering those living organisms (27%), which are not allowed by regulation (no soils, parasites and larvae presence). As expected, mc (10.8-13.2%) and/or aw (0.61-0.90) varied, however they kept on the safer levels (< 13% / 0.90) insects/mites and fungi growth wise. With respect to pH, it varied from4.1to 5.85, indicating some rancidity/fermentation reactions taking place, thus changes in organoleptic parameters. The total fungi load ranged from 3x102 to 1.29x105 CFU/g, with Aspergillus and Rhizopusthe genera more identified. Only one sample was toxin contaminated (OTA - 80 µg/kg). Insects are known vectors of fungal spores and can spread their hyphae on their dead/live skeleton, apart from mites that can trigger allergies in humans and animals. Therefore, current data demonstrate that despite the storage conditions control application, living organisms can occur in flocked oats (stored in bags) and it is necessary to apply decontamination methods to control/prevent their proliferation.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 463, Vol.1 (2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018
Weak Lensing Trispectrum and Kurt-Spectra
Creators: name: Munshi, Dipak
name: Lee, Hayden
name: Dvorkin, Cora
name: McEwen, Jason D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce two kurt-spectra to probe fourth-order statistics of weak lensing convergence maps. Using state-of-the-art numerical simulations, we study the shapes of these kurt-spectra as a function of source redshifts and smoothing angular scales. We employ a pseudo-$C_{\ell}$ approach to estimate the spectra from realistic convergence maps in the presence of an observational mask and noise for stage-IV large-scale structure surveys. We compare these results against theoretical predictions calculated using the FFTLog formalism, and find that a simple nonlinear clustering model-the hierarchical ansatz-can reproduce the numerical trends for the kurt-spectra in the nonlinear regime. In addition, we provide estimators for beyond fourth-order spectra where no definitive analytical results are available, and present corresponding results from numerical simulations.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP
R Coronae Borealis and dustless Hydrogen-deficient Carbon stars have different oxygen isotope ratios
Creators: name: Karambelkar, Viraj
name: Kasliwal, Mansi
name: Tisserand, Patrick
name: Clayton, Geoff
name: Crawford, Courtney
name: Anand, Shreya
name: Geballe, Tom
name: Montiel, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: R Coronae Borealis (RCB) and dustless Hydrogen-deficient Carbon (dLHdC) stars are believed to be remnants of low mass white dwarf mergers. These supergiant stars have peculiar hydrogen-deficient carbon-rich chemistries and stark overabundances of $^{18}$O. RCB stars undergo dust formation episodes resulting in large-amplitude photometric variations that are not seen in dLHdC stars. Recently, the sample of known dLHdC stars in the Milky Way has more than quintupled with the discovery of 27 new dLHdC stars. We present medium resolution (R$\approx3000$) near-infrared spectra of 20 newly discovered dLHdC stars. We confirm that unlike RCB stars, dLHdC stars do not show strong blueshifted ($>200$ km s$^{-1}$) He I 1.0833 $μ$m absorption, suggesting the absence of strong, dust-driven winds around them. We also present medium resolution (R$\approx3000-8000$) $K$-band spectra for 47 RCB stars. We measure the $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O ratios of 7 dLHdC and 31 RCB stars that show $^{12}$C$^{16}$O and $^{12}$C$^{18}$O absorption bands, and present the largest sample of values of $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O for dLHdC and RCB stars to date. We find that six of the seven dLHdC stars have $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O $<0.5$, while 26 of the 31 RCB stars have $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O $>1$. We conclude that most dLHdC stars have lower $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O than most RCB stars. This confirms one of the first spectroscopic differences between RCB and dLHdC stars. Our results rule out the existing picture that RCB stars represent an evolved stage of dLHdC stars. Instead, we suggest that whether the white dwarf merger remnant is a dLHdC or RCB star depends on the mass ratios, masses and compositions of the merging white dwarfs.
description: Submitted to A&A, 9 pages, 4 figures
Evaluation and Comparison of Deep Learning Methods for Pavement Crack Identification with Visual Images
Creators: name: Lu, Kai-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5
subject: 68T07

description: Compared with contact detection techniques, pavement crack identification with visual images via deep learning algorithms has the advantages of not being limited by the material of object to be detected, fast speed and low cost. The fundamental frameworks and typical model architectures of transfer learning (TL), encoder-decoder (ED), generative adversarial networks (GAN), and their common modules were first reviewed, and then the evolution of convolutional neural network (CNN) backbone models and GAN models were summarized. The crack classification, segmentation performance, and effect were tested on the SDNET2018 and CFD public data sets. In the aspect of patch sample classification, the fine-tuned TL models can be equivalent to or even slightly better than the ED models in accuracy, and the predicting time is faster; In the aspect of accurate crack location, both ED and GAN algorithms can achieve pixel-level segmentation and is expected to be detected in real time on low computing power platform. Furthermore, a weakly supervised learning framework of combined TL-SSGAN and its performance enhancement measures are proposed, which can maintain comparable crack identification performance with that of the supervised learning, while greatly reducing the number of labeled samples required.
description: This work will be submitted for possible publication. It is a further study from 2012.14704v2
Geometry and topology of turbulence in active nematics
Creators: name: Giomi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of low Reynolds number turbulence in active nematic fluids is theoretically addressed. Using numerical simulations I demonstrate that an incompressible turbulent flow, in two-dimensional active nematics, consists of an ensemble of vortices whose areas are exponentially distributed within a range of scales. Building on this evidence, I construct a mean-field theory of active turbulence by which several measurable quantities, including the spectral densities and the correlation functions, can be analytically calculated. Because of the profound connection between the flow geometry and the topological properties of the nematic director, the theory sheds light on the mechanisms leading to the proliferation of topological defects in active nematics and provides a number of testable predictions. A hypothesis, inspired by Onsager's statistical hydrodynamics, is finally introduced to account for the equilibrium probability distribution of the vortex sizes.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Bayesian WIMP detection with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Creators: name: Mangipudi, Abhi
name: Thrane, Eric
name: Balazs, Csaba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past decades Bayesian methods have become increasingly popular in astronomy and physics as stochastic samplers have enabled efficient investigation of high-dimensional likelihood surfaces. In this work we develop a hierarchical Bayesian inference framework to detect the presence of dark matter annihilation events in data from the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Cosmic rays are weighted based on their measured sky position $\hatΩ_m$ and energy $E_m$ in order to derive a posterior distribution for the dark matter's velocity averaged cross section $\langleσv\rangle$. The dark matter signal model and the astrophysical background model are cast as prior distributions for $(\hatΩ_m, E_m)$. The shape of these prior distributions can be fixed based on first-principle models; or one may adopt flexible priors to include theoretical uncertainty, for example, in the dark matter annihilation spectrum or the astrophysical distribution of sky location. We demonstrate the utility of this formalism using simulated data with a contribution from a scalar singlet dark-matter model. The sensitivity according to our method is comparable to previous estimates of the CTA sensitivity.
Generic uniqueness of the minimal Moulton central configuration
Creators: name: Iturriaga, Renato
name: Maderna, Ezequiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70F10

description: We prove that, for generic (open and dense) values of the masses, the Newtonian potential function of the collinear N-body problem has $N!/2$ critical values when restricted to a fixed inertia level. In particular, we prove that for generic masses, there is only one minimal Moulton configuration.
O'ZBEKISTONDA DINIY-MA'RIFIY SOHADA AMALGA OSHIRILGAN HUQUQIY ISLOHOTLAR (2017-2021-YILLARDA)
Creators: name: Niyazov, Zafar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada O'zbekistonda diniy-ma'rifiy sohada amalga oshirilgan huquqiy islohotlar haqida so'z boradi. Bunda tarixiy ma'lumotlar va mavjud ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida O'zbekistonda diniy-ma'rifiy sohada amalga oshirilgan huquqiy islohotlar bo'yicha o'ziga xos jihatlar o'rganildi va tahlil qilindi.
A note on surfaces with $p_g=q=2$ and an irrational fibration
Creators: name: Penegini, Matteo
name: Polizzi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J29

description: We study several examples of surfaces with $p_g = q = 2$ and maximal Albanese dimension that are endowed with an irrational fibration.
description: Title changed and exposition improved according to referee's comments. 16 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Advances in Geometry
Local Limit Theorems for Complex Functions on $\mathbb{Z}^d$
Creators: name: Randles, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 42A85, Secondary 60F99 & 42B20

description: The local (central) limit theorem precisely describes the behavior of iterated convolution powers of a probability distribution on the $d$-dimensional integer lattice, $\mathbb{Z}^d$. Under certain mild assumptions on the distribution, the theorem says that the convolution powers are well-approximated by a single scaled Gaussian density which we call an attractor. When such distributions are allowed to take on complex values, their convolution powers exhibit new and disparate behaviors not seen in the probabilistic setting. Following works of I. J. Schoenberg, T. N. E. Greville, P. Diaconis, and L. Saloff-Coste, the author and L. Saloff-Coste provided a complete description of local limit theorems for the class of finitely supported complex-valued functions on $\mathbb{Z}$. For convolution powers of complex-valued functions on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, much less is known. In a previous work by the author and L. Saloff-Coste, local limit theorems were established for complex-valued functions whose Fourier transform is maximized in absolute value at so-called points of positive homogeneous type and, in that case, the resultant attractors are generalized heat kernels corresponding to a class of higher order partial differential operators. By considering the possibility that the Fourier transform can be maximized in absolute value at points of imaginary homogeneous type, this article extends previous work of the author and L. Saloff-Coste to broaden the class of complex-valued functions for which it is possible to obtain local limit theorems. These local limit theorems contain attractors given by certain oscillatory integrals and their convergence is established using a generalized polar-coordinate integration formula, due to H. Bui and the author, and the Van der Corput lemma. The article also extends recent results on sup-norm type estimates of H. Bui and the author.
Strategic Storage Investment in Electricity Markets
Creators: name: Zhao, Dongwei
name: Jafari, Mehdi
name: Botterud, Audun
name: Sakti, Apurba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Arbitrage is one important revenue source for energy storage in electricity markets. However, a large amount of storage in the market will impact the energy price and reduce potential revenues. This can lead to strategic behaviors of profit-seeking storage investors. To study the investors' strategic storage investments, we formulate a non-cooperative game between competing investors. Each investor decides the storage investment over a long investment horizon, and operates the storage for arbitrage revenues in the daily electricity market. Different investors can deploy storage with different characteristics. Their decisions are coupled due to the market price that is determined by all the investors' decisions. We use market data from California ISO to characterize the storage impact on the market price, based on which we establish a centralized optimization problem to compute the market equilibrium. We show that an increasing number of investors will increase the market competition, which reduces investors' profits but increases the total invested storage capacity. Furthermore, we find that a slight increase in the storage efficiency (e.g., increased charge and discharge efficiency) can significantly improve an investor's profit share in the market.
User-Base Station Association in HetSNets: Complexity and Efficient Algorithms
Creators: name: Mlika, Zoubeir
name: Goonewardena, Mathew
name: Ajib, Wessam
name: Elbiaze, Halima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work considers the problem of user association to small-cell base stations (SBSs) in a heterogeneous and small-cell network (HetSNet). Two optimization problems are investigated, which are maximizing the set of associated users to the SBSs (the unweighted problem) and maximizing the set of weighted associated users to the SBSs (the weighted problem), under signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints. Both problems are formulated as linear integer programs. The weighted problem is known to be NP-hard and, in this paper, the unweighted problem is proved to be NP-hard as well. Therefore, this paper develops two heuristic polynomial-time algorithms to solve both problems. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is evaluated and is shown to be far more efficient than the complexity of the optimal brute-force (BF) algorithm. Moreover, the paper benchmarks the performance of the proposed algorithms against the BF algorithm, the branch-and-bound (B\&B) algorithm and standard algorithms, through numerical simulations. The results demonstrate the close-to-optimal performance of the proposed algorithms. They also show that the weighted problem can be solved to provide solutions that are fair between users or to balance the load among SBSs.