cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Experimental and Numerical Study of Damage Due to Particle Impact on Sapphire Orifices Used in High-Pressure Water Jet Cutting
Creators: name: Mlinaric, Markus
name: Jemaa, Hassen
name: Hassel, Thomas
name: Maier, Hans Jürgen
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: water jet cutting
subject: orifice damage
subject: high-pressure
subject: sapphire orifices
subject: particle impact
subject: edge chipping
subject: precipitation
subject: experimental
subject: finite element method
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In the present study, the damage mechanisms that cause premature failure of sapphire water jet orifices were analyzed using a combined experimental and finite element modeling (FEM) approach. Depending on the operating behavior and local conditions, the service life of orifices for high-pressure water jet cutting often deviates considerably from the manufacturer’s specifications. Literature states a typical service life of 50 to 100 h, while in some cases, premature failure after a few hours or even minutes of operation can be observed. The focus of this paper is on the interaction of particles that impact the orifice surface but also the effect of faulty orifice assembly is taken into account. To estimate the risk of failure, the stress distribution in critical parts of the orifice were calculated via FEM, which is fed with experimental data. The modified Mohr failure criterion was then used to evaluate the stress distributions with respect to the possible failure of the orifice jewel. The results revealed that the risk of damage caused by excessive assembly preload forces is marginal. The stress caused by the impact of particles of different sizes is up to four orders of magnitude higher than the stress caused by assembly forces and is therefore identified as the main risk for orifices to fail prematurely. Experimental data shows mainly particles of calcium carbonate and iron–aluminum silicates, which are compounds that originate from the process water itself. It is demonstrated that particles are more critical than formerly assumed in the literature. This paper identifies particles with a diameter of more than 10 µm as critical when there are no other loads present. In operation, even particles as small as 2 µm in diameter can cause damage to the orifice jewel. To prevent premature orifice failure due to foreign particles, water filtration with a 2 µm mesh is recommended, while future research needs to focus on the interior cutting head design to prevent precipitation from the process water.
Nano- and Micro-Tribological Investigations of Boundary Layers on Axial Bearing Washers Tested under WEC Critical Conditions
Creators: name: Pape, Florian
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: micro tribology
subject: tribo-chemistry
subject: mechanochemistry
subject: boundary layers
subject: micro pin-on-disk
subject: nano scratch
subject: ToF-SIMS
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The formation of boundary layers on bearing surfaces due to the operational conditions has a significant influence on bearing lifetimes and frictional properties. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is an anti-wear additive widely used in oil and grease formulations that forms beneficial surface boundary layers. Under certain circumstances, this additive can cause early bearing failure due to white etching cracks (WEC) formation. By influencing chemical reactions and diffusion processes, the boundary films are suspected to be a reason for the emergence of WECs. The properties of these layers under WEC critical and uncritical conditions are of interest. To gain knowledge of these layers, nano- and micro-tribological tests were performed. One possibility is to measure the hardness by nanoindentation and scratching on and into the layers by nano scratch tests. Another way is to perform local resolved micro-pin-on-disk tests. Additionally, ToF-SIMS (Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) was performed on the bearing surfaces to conclude the chemical compositions of the boundary layers. In the focus was, if the measured properties of the layers can be correlated to the bearing’s early failures due to WEC, frictional properties of the whole system, and the wear on the surfaces.
Newton's cradles in optics: From to N-soliton fission to soliton chains
Creators: name: Driben, R.
name: Malomed, B. A.
name: Yulin, A. V.
name: Skryabin, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mechanism for creating a Newton's cradle (NC) in nonlinear light wavetrains under the action of the third-order dispersion (TOD) is demonstrated. The formation of the NC structure plays an important role in the process of fission of higher-order N-solitons in optical fibers. After the splitting of the initial N--soliton into a nonuniform chain of fundamental quasi-solitons, the tallest one travels along the entire chain, through consecutive collisions with other solitons, and then escapes, while the remaining chain of pulses stays as a bound state, due to the radiation-mediated interaction between them. Increasing the initial soliton's order, $N$, leads to the transmission through, and release of additional solitons with enhanced power, along with the emission of radiation, which may demonstrate a broadband supercontinuum spectrum. The NC dynamical regime remains robust in the presence of extra perturbations, such as the Raman and self-steepening effects, and dispersions terms above the third order. It is demonstrated that essentially the same NC mechanism is induced by the TOD in finite segments of periodic wavetrains (in particular, soliton chains). A strong difference from the mechanical NC is that the TOD-driven pulse passing through the soliton array collects energy and momentum from other solitons. Thus, uniform and non-uniforms arrays of nonlinear wave pulses offer an essential extension of the mechanical NC, in which the quasi-particles, unlike mechanical beads, interact inelastically, exchanging energy and generating radiation. Nevertheless, the characteristic phenomenology of NC chains may be clearly identified in these nonlinear-wave settings too.
Corrosion fatigue behavior of electron beam melted iron in simulated body fluid
Creators: name: Wackenrohr, Steffen
name: Torrent, Christof Johannes Jaime
name: Herbst, Sebastian
name: Nürnberger, Florian
name: Krooss, Philipp
name: Ebbert, Christoph
name: Voigt, Markus
name: Grundmeier, Guido
name: Niendorf, Thomas
name: Maier, Hans Jürgen
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biocompatibility
subject: Body fluids
subject: Corrosive effects
subject: Electron beams
subject: Failure (mechanical)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Pure iron is very attractive as a biodegradable implant material due to its high biocompatibility. In combination with additive manufacturing, which facilitates great flexibility of the implant design, it is possible to selectively adjust the microstructure of the material in the process, thereby control the corrosion and fatigue behavior. In the present study, conventional hot-rolled (HR) pure iron is compared to pure iron manufactured by electron beam melting (EBM). The microstructure, the corrosion behavior and the fatigue properties were studied comprehensively. The investigated sample conditions showed significant differences in the microstructures that led to changes in corrosion and fatigue properties. The EBM iron showed significantly lower fatigue strength compared to the HR iron. These different fatigue responses were observed under purely mechanical loading as well as with superimposed corrosion influence and are summarized in a model that describes the underlying failure mechanisms.
Secant cumulants and toric geometry
Creators: name: Michalek, Mateusz
name: Oeding, Luke
name: Zwiernik, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the secant line variety of the Segre product of projective spaces using special cumulant coordinates adapted for secant varieties. We show that the secant variety is covered by open normal toric varieties. We prove that in cumulant coordinates its ideal is generated by binomial quadrics. We present new results on the local structure of the secant variety. In particular, we show that it has rational singularities and we give a description of the singular locus. We also classify all secant varieties that are Gorenstein. Moreover, generalizing (Sturmfels and Zwiernik 2012), we obtain analogous results for the tangential variety.
description: Some improvements to previous results, with other minor changes. Updated references
Operational behaviour of graded diamond grinding wheels for end mill cutter machining
Creators: name: Denkena, Berend
name: Bergmann, Benjamin
name: Raffalt, Daniel
Publisher: name: [Cham] : Springer International Publishing
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Deep grinding
subject: Graded grinding tools
subject: Simulation-based grinding wheel design
subject: Hybrid-bond grinding wheels
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: The varying related material removal rate during deep grinding of cemented carbide end mill cutters results in an unevenly wear of the grinding wheel. This study therefore presents a simulation-based model for the load-adjusted design of grinding wheels to achieve balanced radial wear, as well as an evaluation of this model. The related material removal rate along the width of the grinding wheel is determined by a Dexel based material removal simulation for different end mill geometries. Based on these results an equation is derived to adapt the abrasive layer properties to the local load differences. Three grinding wheels with different types of gradients are then manufactured by a grinding tool manufacturer based on this equation. These and two grinding wheels with constant abrasive layer properties are used for deep grinding of ten end mills each. Afterwards the radial wear of each grinding wheel is measured by a confocal microscope. An analysis of the cutting edge chipping is done to evaluate the influence on the graded grinding wheels on the cutting edge quality. It was found that a reduction of the wear difference over the grinding wheel width of 52% and an improved cutting edge quality can be achieved by using graded grinding tools. This allows the time intervals between dressing steps to be increased without compromising the accuracy of the grinding process, thus also increasing its productivity. Finally, this article shows that the presented model allows for a more balanced wear behaviour, but has to be extended by considering further factors influencing radial wear.
Supplementary Figures S1-S6
Creators: name: Gunton, Laetitia
name: Paxton, Hannelore
name: Budaeva, Nataliya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Invertebrate biology
Animal systematics and taxonomy

description: Supplementary Figure S1-S6 for: Paxton, Hannelore, Nataliya Budaeva, and Laetitia M. Gunton. 2023. Amazing diversity of Nothria (Annelida, Onuphidae) in the Australian deep sea. In RV Investigator—Sampling the Abyss, ed. E. K. Kupriyanova and L. M. Gunton. Records of the Australian Museum 75(3): 215–247. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1802
Regularization parameter independent analysis in Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Inagaki, T.
name: Kimura, D.
name: Kohyama, H.
name: Kvinikhidze, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model used to investigate low energy phenomena is nonrenormalizable, therefore the results depend on the regularization parameter in general. A possibility of the finite in four-dimensional limit and even the regularization parameter (this is dimension in the dimensional regularization scheme) independent analysis is shown in the leading order of the 1/Nc expansion.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Investigation of the material separation behaviour of rocks using scratch tests for the design of tool grinding processes
Creators: name: Denkena, Berend
name: Breidenstein, Bernd
name: Bergmann, Benjamin
name: Wolters, Philipp
Publisher: name: [Cham] : Springer International Publishing
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Natural rocks
subject: Grinding
subject: Scratch tests
subject: Single grain chip thickness
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: The use of natural rocks as cutting tool material poses an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional cutting tool materials. So far, however, the basics of tool grinding processes for rock tools have not been systematically investigated. This study, therefore, presents an investigation of the material removal mechanisms of four different types of rocks and a mono mineral via scratch tests analogous to a face plunge grinding process used in tool grinding. The aim is to contribute to a knowledge-based design of tool grinding processes for rock tools. This also includes a characterization of their mechanical properties. The occurring material removal mechanisms identified by SEM-images as well as width and depth of the scratches are used to evaluate the influence of single grain chip thickness and cutting speed on material removal mechanisms. The results show that ductile material removal is possible for all rocks in certain areas of single grain chip thicknesses ranging from 0.28 µm to 3.75 µm depending on the rock used and the applied cutting speed. Besides this, the results show optima for ductile material removal at single grain chip thicknesses that are up to 87-times higher than predicted by an analytical model. Additionally, recommendations for the design of the tool grinding process of the investigated rocks based on the obtained results are presented.
Micromegas-TPC operation at high pressure in Xenon-trimethylamine mixtures
Creators: name: Herrera, D. C.
name: Cebrián, S.
name: Dafni, T.
name: Ferrer-Ribas, E.
name: Giomataris, I.
name: Gonzalez-Diaz, D.
name: Gómez, H.
name: Iguaz, F. J.
name: Irastorza, I. G.
name: Luzon, G.
name: Rodríguez, A.
name: Segui, L.
name: Tomás, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present in this work measurements performed with a small Micromegas-TPC using a xenon-trimethylamine (Xe-TMA) Penning-mixture as filling gas. Measurements of gas gain and energy resolutions for 22.1 keV X-rays are presented, spanning several TMA concentrations and pressures between 1 and 10 bar. Across this pressure range, the best energy resolution and largest increase in gain at constant field (a standard figure for characterizing Penning-like energy transfers) is observed to be in the 1.5%-2.5% TMA region. A gain increase (at constant field) up to a factor 100 and a best energy resolution improved by up to a factor 3 with respect to the one previously reported in pure Xe -operated Micromegas, can be obtained. In virtue of the VUV-quenching properties of the mixture, the overall maximum gain achievable is also notably increased (up to 400 at 10bar), a factor x 3 higher than in pure Xe. In addition, preliminary measurements of the electron drift velocity in a modified setup have been performed and show good agreement with the one obtained from Magboltz. These results are of great interest for calorimetric applications in gas Xe TPCs, in particular for the search of the neutrino-less double beta decay of Xe-136.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, proceeding
Laser-based molecular delivery and its applications in plant science
Creators: name: Heinemann, Dag
name: Zabic, Miroslav
name: Terakawa, Mitsuhiro
name: Boch, Jens
Publisher: name: London : BioMed Central
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Photoinjection
subject: Optoporation
subject: Laser transfection
subject: Transformation
subject: Laser-tissue interaction
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Lasers enable modification of living and non-living matter with submicron precision in a contact-free manner which has raised the interest of researchers for decades. Accordingly, laser technologies have drawn interest across disciplines. They have been established as a valuable tool to permeabilize cellular membranes for molecular delivery in a process termed photoinjection. Laser-based molecular delivery was first reported in 1984, when normal kidney cells were successfully transfected with a frequency-multiplied Nd:YAG laser. Due to the rapid development of optical technologies, far more sophisticated laser platforms have become available. In particular, near infrared femtosecond (NIR fs) laser sources enable an increasing progress of laser-based molecular delivery procedures and opened up multiple variations and applications of this technique. This review is intended to provide a plant science audience with the physical principles as well as the application potentials of laser-based molecular delivery. The historical origins and technical development of laser-based molecular delivery are summarized and the principle physical processes involved in these approaches and their implications for practical use are introduced. Successful cases of laser-based molecular delivery in plant science will be reviewed in detail, and the specific hurdles that plant materials pose will be discussed. Finally, we will give an outlook on current limitations and possible future applications of laser-based molecular delivery in the field of plant science.
Arzneimittelrückstände in Trinkwasser und Gewässern. TAB-Fokus
Creators: name: Klauer, Bernd
Publisher: name: Büro für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB)
Year: 2019

description: Der Verbrauch von Arzneimitteln nimmt zu. Die Arzneistoffe werden von Menschen und Tieren größtenteils wieder ausgeschieden und lassen sich in vielen Gewässern und teilweise auch im Grundwasser nachweisen. Ein akutes oder chronisches Gesundheitsrisiko durch Arzneistoffe im Trinkwasser kann derzeit auf Basis der bestehenden Studien ausgeschlossen werden. Starke Indizien sprechen aber dafür, dass Arzneimittelrückstände in Kombination mit anderen Mikroverunreinigungen Lebensgemeinschaften im Wasser beeinträchtigen. Insgesamt ist das Wissen über das Vorkommen und die Wirkungen von Arzneimittelrückständen in der Umwelt noch lückenhaft. Mit einer Reihe von Maßnahmen, lassen sich – ohne Abstriche im Gesundheitsschutz – die Einträge von Arzneistoffen in Gewässer verringern. Sinnvoll erscheint eine Kombination verschiedener Maßnahmen. Besonders intensiv wird die Aufrüstung großer Kläranlagen mit einer vierten Reinigungsstufe diskutiert. Es ist abzuwägen, welche Maßnahmen im Rahmen einer anzustrebenden umfassenden Mikroschadstoffstrategie konkret ergriffen werden sollten.
Anatomy and the type concept in biology show that ontologies must be adapted to the diagnostic needs of research
Creators: name: Vogt, Lars
name: Mikó, István
name: Bartolomaeus, Thomas
Publisher: name: London : BioMed Central
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FAIR data
subject: Anatomy
subject: Biomedical ontology
subject: Cluster class
subject: Essentialistic class
subject: Fuzzy set
subject: Ontological definition
subject: Recognition criteria
subject: Diagnostic knowledge
subject: Ontological knowledge
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Background: In times of exponential data growth in the life sciences, machine-supported approaches are becoming increasingly important and with them the need for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and eScience-compliant data and metadata standards. Ontologies, with their queryable knowledge resources, play an essential role in providing these standards. Unfortunately, biomedical ontologies only provide ontological definitions that answer What is it? questions, but no method-dependent empirical recognition criteria that answer How does it look? questions. Consequently, biomedical ontologies contain knowledge of the underlying ontological nature of structural kinds, but often lack sufficient diagnostic knowledge to unambiguously determine the reference of a term. Results: We argue that this is because ontology terms are usually textually defined and conceived as essentialistic classes, while recognition criteria often require perception-based definitions because perception-based contents more efficiently document and communicate spatial and temporal information—a picture is worth a thousand words. Therefore, diagnostic knowledge often must be conceived as cluster classes or fuzzy sets. Using several examples from anatomy, we point out the importance of diagnostic knowledge in anatomical research and discuss the role of cluster classes and fuzzy sets as concepts of grouping needed in anatomy ontologies in addition to essentialistic classes. In this context, we evaluate the role of the biological type concept and discuss its function as a general container concept for groupings not covered by the essentialistic class concept. Conclusions: We conclude that many recognition criteria can be conceptualized as text-based cluster classes that use terms that are in turn based on perception-based fuzzy set concepts. Finally, we point out that only if biomedical ontologies model also relevant diagnostic knowledge in addition to ontological knowledge, they will fully realize their potential and contribute even more substantially to the establishment of FAIR and eScience-compliant data and metadata standards in the life sciences.
Influence of the powder metallurgy route on the mechanical properties of Cu–Cr–diamond composites
Creators: name: Denkena, Berend
name: Bergmann, Benjamin
name: Lang, Roman
Publisher: name: [Cham] : Springer International Publishing
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Carbides
subject: Composites
subject: Synthetic diamond
subject: High pressure high temperature (HTHP)
subject: Abrasion
subject: Interface characterization
subject: Mechanical properties characterization
subject: Cutting tools
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: Metal-bonded grinding tools are commonly based on copper as bond material and possess low porosity. The powder metallurgic fabrication and the applied process parameters have a high influence on the mechanical properties of these grinding layers. In this study, Cu–diamond composites are fabricated through Field Assisted Sintering Technology with a variation of holding time, temperature, pressure, and chromium powder particle size. The addition of chromium to these composites can ensure a higher adhesion of the diamonds through carbide formation within the interface of the diamonds and the copper bonding matrix. The coating of diamond with chromium-carbide is mainly controlled by the chromium powder particle size, which leads to a higher critical bond strength with decreasing particle size. Maximum critical bond strength of 463 N/mm2 is reached using chromium with an average particle size of 10 µm. Increasing holding time decreases porosity and increases the critical bond strength of the composites. An increase of sintering temperature from 900 to 1040 °C leads to a decrease of porosity due to local melting of the copper. The interlocking of diamonds due to their high concentration of 50 vol% within the composites results in a relatively high porosity above 7%.
Long distance measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with entangled photon sources
Creators: name: Xu, Feihu
name: Qi, Bing
name: Liao, Zhongfa
name: Lo, Hoi-Kwong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a practical method that can make quantum key distribution (QKD), for the first time, both ultra-long-distance and immune to all attacks in the detection system. This method is an important extension of the measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD) - MDI-QKD with entangled photon sources in the middle. By proposing a general model and simulating an entanglement based QKD experiment, we find that MDI-QKD with one entangled photon source in the middle can practically tolerate 77 dB combined loss (367km standard telecom fiber) in the asymptotic limit, and it can still tolerate 60 dB combined loss (286km standard telecom fiber) in the finite-key case with state-of-the-art detectors. Our general model can also be applied to other non-QKD experiments involving entangled photon sources and Bell state measurements.
description: Published version
Legal Tech. TAB-Fokus
Creators: name: Kind, Sonja
name: Ferdinand, Jan-Peter
name: Priesack, Kai
Publisher: name: Büro für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB)
Year: 2019

description: Unter Legal Tech werden primär Technologien verstanden, die originär juristische Tätigkeiten übernehmen können und diese in bestimmten Bereichen mitunter schneller und zuverlässiger erledigen als ein Mensch. Das wesentliche Anwendungsspektrum von Legal Tech umfasst technische Lösungen und Geschäftsmodelle, die sowohl auf private Kunden als auch auf wirtschaftsberatende Kanzleien und Unternehmensjuristen zielen. Aktuelle Handlungsfelder für Legal Tech ergeben sich vor allem in den Bereichen Kompetenzentwicklung, Anpassung regulatorischer Rahmenbedingungen und Verbraucherschutz. Zukünftige Legal-Tech-Anwendungen werden wohl auch die Rechtsprechung bei Gericht unterstützen. Legal-Tech-Lösungen, die auf künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und Distributed-Ledger- bzw. Blockchaintechnologien basieren, befinden sich noch in einem frühen Entwicklungsstadium.
Information System Adoption and Use in Local Cooperatives
Creators: name: King, Robert P.
name: Shuker, Iain G.
name: King, Robert P.
name: Shuker, Iain G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Cooperatives
subject: information technology
subject: computers
subject: management

description: Advances in information technology can help local cooperatives remain competitive in a changing agricultural sector. This study examines the adoption and use of information systems by local farm supply and grain cooperatives and the relationships between information system characteristics and cooperative performance. Cooperative characteristics were found to have a significant effect on information selection, overall cost structure, and the allocation of information system expenses. Information system selection was also related to operating performance. In all size categories, farm supply cooperatives that owned computers had better operating performance than those that did not. In contrast, operating performance was not related to computer ownership in grain cooperatives.
Finding the Higgs boson in decays to Z gamma using the matrix element method at Next-to-Leading Order
Creators: name: Campbell, John M.
name: Ellis, R. Keith
name: Giele, Walter T.
name: Williams, Ciaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We illustrate how the Matrix Element Method at Next-to-Leading Order (MEM@NLO) can be used to discriminate between events arising from the production of a Higgs boson, which subsequently decays to a final state consisting of ell^+ell^-gamma, and the background production of the same final state. We illustrate how the method could be used in an experimental analysis by devising cuts on the signal (P_S) and background (P_B) weights that are computed event-by-event in this approach. We find that we can increase the S/sqrt(B) ratio by around 50\% compared to an invariant mass fit on its own. Considering only statistical uncertainty, this is equivalent to recording a factor of around two times more integrated luminosity.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Biochar Synthesis from Mineral- and Ash-Rich Waste Biomass, Part 1: Investigation of Thermal Decomposition Mechanism during Slow Pyrolysis
Creators: name: Nair, Rahul Ramesh
name: Mondal, Moni Mohan
name: Srinivasan, Shanmugham Venkatachalam
name: Weichgrebe, Dirk
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: biochar
subject: mineral- and ash-rich
subject: waste biomass
subject: pyrolysis mechanism
subject: thermal kinetics
subject: evolved gas analysis
subject: apparent activation energy
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Synthesizing biochar from mineral- and ash-rich waste biomass (MWB), a by-product of human activities in urban areas, can result in renewable and versatile multi-functional materials, which can also cater to the need of solid waste management. Hybridizing biochar with minerals, silicates, and metals is widely investigated to improve parent functionalities. MWB intrinsically possesses such foreign materials. The pyrolysis of such MWB is kinetically complex and requires detailed investigation. Using TGA-FTIR, this study investigates and compares the kinetics and decomposition mechanism during pyrolysis of three types of MWB: (i) mineral-rich banana peduncle (BP), (ii) ash-rich sewage sludge (SS), and (iii) mineral and ash-rich anaerobic digestate (AD). The results show that the pyrolysis of BP, SS, and AD is exothermic, catalyzed by its mineral content, with heat of pyrolysis 5480, 4066, and 1286 kJ/kg, respectively. The pyrolysis favors char formation kinetics mainly releasing CO2 and H2O. The secondary tar reactions initiate from ≈318 °C (BP), 481 °C (SS), and 376 °C (AD). Moreover, negative apparent activation energies are intrinsic to their kinetics after 313 °C (BP), 448 °C (SS), and 339 °C (AD). The results can support in tailoring and controlling sustainable biochar synthesis from slow pyrolysis of MWB.
Possible nodal superconducting gap in Fe$_{1+y}$(Te$_{1-x}$Se$_{x}$) single crystals from ultra-low temperature penetration depth measurements
Creators: name: Diaconu, Andrei
name: Martin, Catalin
name: Hu, Jin
name: Liu, Tijiang
name: Qian, Bin
name: Mao, Zhiqiang
name: Spinu, Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a radio frequency tunnel diode oscillator technique, we measured the temperature dependence of the in-plane London penetration depth $Δλ_{ab}(T)$ in Fe$_{1+y}$(Te$_{1-x}$Se$_{x})$ single crystals, down to temperatures as low as 50 mK. A significant number of samples, with nominal Se concentration $x$=0.36, 0.40, 0.43 and 0.45 respectively, were studied and in many cases we found that $Δλ_{ab}(T)$ shows an upturn below 0.7 K, indicative of a paramagnetic type contribution. After subtracting the magnetic background, the low temperature behavior of penetration depth is best described by a power law with exponent $n\approx2$ and with no systematic dependence on the Se concentration. Most importantly, in the limit of T$\rightarrow$0, in some samples we observed a narrow region of linear temperature dependence of penetration depth, suggestive of nodes in the superconducting gap of Fe$_{1+y}$(Te$_{1-x}$Se$_{x})$.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Probabilistic temporal extrapolation of fatigue damage of offshore wind turbine substructures based on strain measurements
Creators: name: Hübler, Clemens
name: Rolfes, Raimund
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus Publications
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Damage detection
subject: Extrapolation
subject: Offshore oil well production
subject: Offshore wind farms
subject: Offshore wind turbines
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Substructures of offshore wind turbines are becoming older and beginning to reach their design lifetimes. Hence, lifetime extensions for offshore wind turbines are becoming not only an interesting research topic but also a relevant option for industry. To make well-founded decisions on possible lifetime extensions, precise fatigue damage predictions are required. In contrast to the design phase, fatigue damage predictions can be based not only on aeroelastic simulations but also on strain measurements. Nonetheless, strain-measurement-based fatigue damage assessments for lifetime extensions have been rarely conducted so far. Simulation-based approaches are much more common, although current standards explicitly recommend the use of measurement-based approaches as well. For measurement-based approaches, the main challenge is that strain data are limited. This means that measurements are only available for a limited period and only at some specific hotspot locations. Hence, spatial and temporal extrapolations are required. Available procedures are not yet standardised and in most cases not validated. This work focusses on extrapolations in time. Several methods for the extrapolation of fatigue damage are assessed. The methods are intended to extrapolate fatigue damage calculated for a limited time period using strain measurement data to a longer time period or another time period, where no such data are available. This could be, for example, a future period, a period prior to the installation of strain gauges or a period after some sensors have failed. The methods are validated using several years of strain measurement data from the German offshore wind farm Alpha Ventus. The performance and user-friendliness of the various methods are compared. It is shown that fatigue damage can be predicted accurately and reliably for periods where no strain data are available. Best results are achieved if wind speed correlations are taken into account by applying a binning approach and if a least some winter months of strain data are available.
Anisotropic material properties of the human uterus
Creators: name: Fang, Shuyang
name: McLean, James Patrick
name: Vink, Joy-Sarah Yumiko
name: Hendon, Christine P.
name: Myers, Kristin M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biomechanics
Uterus
Tissues--Mechanical properties
Human physiology

description: The mechanical function of the uterus is crucial for the protection of the fetus during a healthy pregnancy. Early contractile activation of uterine tissue can lead to preterm labor and birth (PTB). In 2014, 9.56 percent of pregnancies ended in PTB; it is also the leading cause of death in children under five years of age. Characterizing the material properties of uterine tissue is important for understanding the mechanical failures of the uterus and the causes of PTB. In this study, a workflow of experiments and data processing techniques were employed. 78 uterine specimens were collected from consenting 28 patients who underwent hysterectomy. A four-level ramp-hold indentation test was performed. IFEA was performed to fit four material parameters to the experimental data: Young's Modulus E, Poisson’s ratio v, the fiber stiffness factor ksi, and the fiber angle concentration b. Within each uterus, significant differences in Young’s Modulus E and Poisson’s ratio n were observed at different locations and different layers, indicating the heterogeneity of the human uterine material properties. However, the fitted values for fiber stiffness x and angle concentration b exhibited a wide spread with no significant differences observed across comparison groups. There were also no obvious differences between patients with different parities, as suggested in previous studies.
Value of Cooperative Benefits to Southern Dairy Farmers
Creators: name: Liebrand, Carolyn Betts
name: Ling, K. Charles
name: Liebrand, Carolyn Betts
name: Ling, K. Charles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cooperatives
subject: assured market
subject: mailbox price
subject: cooperative benefits
subject: proprietary handler

description: This research sought to determine the tradeoff between the benefits of marketing milk through a cooperative and the higher price received by producers selling milk to proprietary handlers. Prices received by farmers selling to cooperatives were compared with the price they could have received from a proprietary handler in the same area. The price differences were examined using various measures. Four groupings of cooperative members with an alternative proprietary handler in their area were used to determine the value of cooperative benefits. The general price difference indicated that, overall, the cooperative members’ mailbox price averaged $0.37 per hundredweight (cwt) lower than the prices paid by proprietary handlers. Those who were satisfied or very satisfied with their cooperative, had lower prices and knew it, received $0.57 per cwt lower mailbox prices.
International Business Arrangements Used by Cooperatives
Creators: name: Reynolds, Bruce J.
name: Spatz, Karen J.
name: Reynolds, Bruce J.
name: Spatz, Karen J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cooperatives
subject: agricultural exports
subject: international joint ventures
subject: coventures
subject: foreign distributors
subject: foreign subsidiaries
subject: foreign brokers
subject: licensing
subject: foreign members
subject: copacking
subject: foreign offices

description: U.S. farmer cooperatives have established various organizational and contractual arrangements with foreign firms to expand their global marketing capabilities. However, unlike many U.S. food processing firms, cooperatives have minimal involvement with foreign direct investment (FDI). The comparatively small involvement of cooperatives with FDI is related to their distinctive requirements for member control and performance monitoring. As alternatives to FDI strategies for global marketing, cooperatives have established several types of alliances with foreign firms. These arrangements are often referred to as coventures, franchise partners, or strategic alliances. Various contractual arrangements, including intellectual property licensing, make it possible for many cooperatives to accomplish effective branded products distribution in major foreign markets. Some cooperatives have also developed significant networks of foreign sales agents and have established effective working relationships with these agents.
CrysXPP: An explainable property predictor for crystalline materials
Creators: name: Das, Kishalay
name: Samanta, Bidisha
name: Goyal, Pawan
name: Lee, Seung-Cheol
name: Bhattacharjee, Satadeep
name: Ganguly, Niloy
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publ. Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chromium compounds
subject: Design for testability
subject: Forecasting
subject: Large dataset
subject: Accurate prediction
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: We present a deep-learning framework, CrysXPP, to allow rapid and accurate prediction of electronic, magnetic, and elastic properties of a wide range of materials. CrysXPP lowers the need for large property tagged datasets by intelligently designing an autoencoder, CrysAE. The important structural and chemical properties captured by CrysAE from a large amount of available crystal graphs data helped in achieving low prediction errors. Moreover, we design a feature selector that helps to interpret the model’s prediction. Most notably, when given a small amount of experimental data, CrysXPP is consistently able to outperform conventional DFT. A detailed ablation study establishes the importance of different design steps. We release the large pre-trained model CrysAE. We believe by fine-tuning the model with a small amount of property-tagged data, researchers can achieve superior performance on various applications with a restricted data source.
Diffuse PeV neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The IceCube collaboration recently reported the potential detection of two cascade neutrino events in the energy range 1-10 PeV. We study the possibility that these PeV neutrinos are produced by gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), paying special attention to the contribution by untriggered GRBs that elude detection due to their low photon flux. Based on the luminosity function, rate distribution with redshift and spectral properties of GRBs, we generate, using Monte-Carlo simulation, a GRB sample that reproduce the observed fluence distribution of Fermi/GBM GRBs and an accompanying sample of untriggered GRBs simultaneously. The neutrino flux of every individual GRBs is calculated in the standard internal shock scenario, so that the accumulative flux of the whole samples can be obtained. We find that the neutrino flux in PeV energies produced by untriggered GRBs is about 2 times higher than that produced by the triggered ones. Considering the existing IceCube limit on the neutrino flux of triggered GRBs, we find that the total flux of triggered and untriggered GRBs can reach at most a level of ~10^-9 GeV cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1, which is insufficient to account for the reported two PeV neutrinos. Possible contributions to diffuse neutrinos by low-luminosity GRBs and the earliest population of GRBs are also discussed.
description: Accepted by ApJ, one more figure added to show the contribution to the diffuse neutrino flux by untriggered GRBs with different luminosity, results and conclusions unchanged
Perceived job quality among persons with spinal cord injury: The contribution of sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and person-job match
Creators: name: Aparicio, Mayra Galvis
name: Mwake, Immaculate
name: Ronca-Nützi, Marina
name: Staubli, Stefan
name: Schwegler, Urban
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Perceived job quality is a key indicator of sustainable work among persons with spinal cord injuries (PwSCI). This study aimed at (a) describing three indicators of perceived job quality (i.e. job satisfaction, job performance, and work stress) among working PwSCI, and (b) identifying whether and how different person-job match dimensions (i.e. interest congruence, demands-abilities fit, needs-supplies fit, and effort-reward imbalance) as well as sociodemographic and health-related factors (e.g. age, sex, SCI-related characteristics, pain problems, and depressive symptoms) are associated with perceived job quality. Cross-sectional, self-report survey. Community. 549 working-age PwSCI who participated in the 2017 community survey of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort study and reported being engaged in paid work. Job satisfaction, job performance, and work stress. Higher interest congruence, better needs-supplies fit and lower effort-reward imbalance, as well as female sex, were associated with higher job satisfaction, while higher effort-reward imbalance, poorer demands-abilities fit (underqualification), and – surprisingly – better needs-supplies fit were associated with higher work stress. Moreover, underqualification, worse needs-supplies fit as well as pain, depressive symptoms, and language region were associated with lower job performance. Integrating individuals in jobs that match their abilities, interests and needs, and which adequately reward their efforts may contribute to better job quality among PwSCI. Beyond that, common secondary health conditions and comorbidities such as pain and depressive symptoms should receive particular attention in interventions that aim to promote job quality and ultimately sustainable work in the SCI population.
Gauge invariance at work in FDR: H -> gamma gamma
Creators: name: Donati, A.
name: Pittau, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first complete calculation performed within the Four Dimensional Regularization scheme (FDR), namely the loop-induced on-shell amplitude for the Higgs boson decay into two photons in an arbitrary R_csi gauge. FDR is a new technique -free of infinities- for addressing multi-loop calculus, which automatically preserves gauge invariance, allowing for a 4-dimensional computation at the same time. We obtained the same result as that assessed in dimensional regularization, thereby explicitly verifying, in a realistic case, that FDR respects gauge invariance.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Dairy Farmers' Valuation of Cooperative Market Security
Creators: name: Hamlett, Cathy A.
name: Roach, Brian
name: Liebrand, Carolyn (Edited By)
name: Hamlett, Cathy A.
name: Roach, Brian
name: Liebrand, Carolyn (Edited By)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Cooperatives
subject: market security
subject: risk
subject: stochastic dominance with respect to a function

description: This paper presents a methodology for quantifying the value of market security to an individual farmer. The income distribution associated with belonging to a cooperative is considered to have a lower variance than when selling to a proprietary handler. A farmer makes the choice between the cooperative and the proprietary handler based on individual risk preference. The amount a risk-averse farmer is willing to accept as compensation for facing a more risky distribution was calculated by employing Meyer’s technique for choosing between two stochastic functions. Several simulations were presented to demonstrate the magnitude and sensitivity of the measure.