cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Percent-level constraints on baryonic feedback with spectral distortion measurements
Creators: name: Thiele, Leander
name: Wadekar, Digvijay
name: Hill, J. Colin
name: Battaglia, Nicholas
name: Chluba, Jens
name: Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
name: Marinacci, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-significance measurements of the monopole thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich CMB spectral distortions have the potential to tightly constrain poorly understood baryonic feedback processes. The sky-averaged Compton-y distortion and its relativistic correction are measures of the total thermal energy in electrons in the observable universe and their mean temperature. We use the CAMELS suite of hydrodynamic simulations to explore possible constraints on parameters describing the subgrid implementation of feedback from active galactic nuclei and supernovae, assuming a PIXIE-like measurement. The small 25 Mpc/h CAMELS boxes present challenges due to the significant cosmic variance. We utilize machine learning to construct interpolators through the noisy simulation data. Using the halo model, we translate the simulation halo mass functions into correction factors to reduce cosmic variance where required. Our results depend on the subgrid model. In the case of IllustrisTNG, we find that the best-determined parameter combination can be measured to ~2% and corresponds to a product of AGN and SN feedback. In the case of SIMBA, the tightest constraint is ~0.2% on a ratio between AGN and SN feedback. A second orthogonal parameter combination can be measured to ~8%. Our results demonstrate the significant constraining power a measurement of the late-time spectral distortion monopoles would have for baryonic feedback models.
description: 10+5 pages, 7 figures; matches PRD published version
Elements matter: The context and perception of classical and cosmological elements versus earthly and physical matter in the Rosette Map
Creators: name: Wastl, Juergen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This is an extension to the preceeding paper (link underneath) and response to TH Ing's (link underneath) review of this paper and discussion of the continents and elements displayed in Voynich manuscript folio f86v. It follows up on the position of classical elements in the medieval cosmos and depiction of physical matter.
Adiabatic-radiative shock systems in YSO jets and novae outflows
Creators: name: del Valle, M. V.
name: Araudo, A.
name: Suzuki-Vidal, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The termination regions of non-relativistic jets in protostars and supersonic outflows in classical novae are nonthermal emitters. Given the high densities in these systems, radiative shocks are expected to form. However, in the presence of high velocities, the formation of adiabatic shocks is also possible. A case of interest is when the two types of shocks occur simultaneously. These dense jets/outflows are excellent candidates for laboratory experiments as demonstrated by MHD scaling. We aim at studying the combination of adiabatic and radiative shocks in these systems. We focus on determining the conditions under which this combination is feasible together with its physical implications. We perform an analytical study of the shocks in both types of sources for a set of parameters. The hydrodynamical evolution of a jet colliding with an ambient medium is studied with 2D numerical simulations confirming our initial theoretical estimates. We show that for a wide set of parameters the combination of an adiabatic and a radiative shock is possible at the working surface of the termination region in jets from young stars and novae outflows. We find that instabilities are developed at the contact discontinuity, mixing the shocked materials. Also, we explore the MHD parameter scaling required for studying protostellar jets and novae outflows using laboratory experiments on laser facilities. The coexistence of an adiabatic and a radiative shock is expected at the termination region of protostellar jets and novae outflows. This scenario is very promising for particle acceleration and gamma-ray emission. The parameters for scaled laboratory experiments are very much in line with plasma conditions achievable in currently operating high-power laser facilities. This opens the door to new means for studying novae outflows never considered before.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Laser-Driven, Ion-Scale Magnetospheres in Laboratory Plasmas. I. Experimental Platform and First Results
Creators: name: Schaeffer, D. B.
name: Cruz, F. D.
name: Dorst, R. S.
name: Cruz, F.
name: Heuer, P. V.
name: Constantin, C. G.
name: Pribyl, P.
name: Niemann, C.
name: Silva, L. O.
name: Bhattacharjee, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetospheres are a ubiquitous feature of magnetized bodies embedded in a plasma flow. While large planetary magnetospheres have been studied for decades by spacecraft, ion-scale "mini" magnetospheres can provide a unique environment to study kinetic-scale, collisionless plasma physics in the laboratory to help validate models of larger systems. In this work, we present preliminary experiments of ion-scale magnetospheres performed on a unique high-repetition-rate platform developed for the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) at UCLA. The experiments utilize a high-repetition-rate laser to drive a fast plasma flow into a pulsed dipole magnetic field embedded in a uniform magnetized background plasma. 2D maps of magnetic field with high spatial and temporal resolution are measured with magnetic flux probes to examine the evolution of magnetosphere and current density structures for a range of dipole and upstream parameters. The results are further compared to 2D PIC simulations to identify key observational signatures of the kinetic-scale structures and dynamics of the laser-driven plasma. We find that distinct 2D kinetic-scale magnetopause and diamagnetic current structures are formed at higher dipole moments, and their locations are consistent with predictions based on pressure balances and energy conservation.
Cosmology with one galaxy?
Creators: name: Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
name: Ding, Jupiter
name: Genel, Shy
name: Tonnesen, Stephanie
name: La Torre, Valentina
name: Spergel, David N.
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Li, Yin
name: Heneka, Caroline
name: Lemos, Pablo
name: Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies can be characterized by many internal properties such as stellar mass, gas metallicity, and star-formation rate. We quantify the amount of cosmological and astrophysical information that the internal properties of individual galaxies and their host dark matter halos contain. We train neural networks using hundreds of thousands of galaxies from 2,000 state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations with different cosmologies and astrophysical models of the CAMELS project to perform likelihood-free inference on the value of the cosmological and astrophysical parameters. We find that knowing the internal properties of a single galaxy allow our models to infer the value of $Ω_{\rm m}$, at fixed $Ω_{\rm b}$, with a $\sim10\%$ precision, while no constraint can be placed on $σ_8$. Our results hold for any type of galaxy, central or satellite, massive or dwarf, at all considered redshifts, $z\leq3$, and they incorporate uncertainties in astrophysics as modeled in CAMELS. However, our models are not robust to changes in subgrid physics due to the large intrinsic differences the two considered models imprint on galaxy properties. We find that the stellar mass, stellar metallicity, and maximum circular velocity are among the most important galaxy properties to determine the value of $Ω_{\rm m}$. We believe that our results can be explained taking into account that changes in the value of $Ω_{\rm m}$, or potentially $Ω_{\rm b}/Ω_{\rm m}$, affect the dark matter content of galaxies. That effect leaves a distinct signature in galaxy properties to the one induced by galactic processes. Our results suggest that the low-dimensional manifold hosting galaxy properties provides a tight direct link between cosmology and astrophysics.
description: 20+6 pages, 15 figures, data and codes to reproduce the results publicly available at https://github.com/franciscovillaescusa/Cosmo1gal
Highly coordinated nationwide massive travel restrictions are central to effective mitigation and control of COVID-19 outbreaks in China
Creators: name: Chen, Xingru
name: Fu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused graving woes across the globe since first reported in the epicenter Wuhan, Hubei, China, December 2019. The spread of COVID-19 in China has been successfully curtailed by massive travel restrictions that put more than 900 million people housebound for more than two months since the lockdown of Wuhan on 23 January 2020 when other provinces in China followed suit. Here, we assess the impact of China's massive lockdowns and travel restrictions reflected by the changes in mobility patterns before and during the lockdown period. We quantify the synchrony of mobility patterns across provinces and within provinces. Using these mobility data, we calibrate movement flow between provinces in combination with an epidemiological compartment model to quantify the effectiveness of lockdowns and reductions in disease transmission. Our analysis demonstrates that the onset and phase of local community transmission in other provinces depends on the cumulative population outflow received from the epicenter Hubei. As such, infections can propagate further into other interconnected places both near and far, thereby necessitating synchronous lockdowns. Moreover, our data-driven modeling analysis shows that lockdowns and consequently reduced mobility lag a certain time to elicit an actual impact on slowing down the spreading and ultimately putting the epidemic under check. In spite of the vastly heterogeneous demographics and epidemiological characteristics across China, mobility data shows that massive travel restrictions have been applied consistently via a top-down approach along with high levels of compliance from the bottom up.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Athermal and tunable echelle grating wavelength demultiplexers using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer launch structure
Creators: name: Melati, Daniele
name: Xu, Dan-Xia
name: Cheriton, Ross
name: Wang, Shurui
name: Vachon, Martin
name: Schmid, Jens H.
name: Cheben, Pavel
name: Janz, Siegfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparative experimental study of three silicon photonic echelle grating demultiplexers that are integrated with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) launch structure. By appropriate choice of the MZI configuration, the temperature induced shift of the demultiplexer channel wavelengths can be suppressed (athermal) or enhanced (super-thermal), or be controlled by an on-chip micro-heater. The latter two configurations allow the channel wavelengths to be actively tuned using lower power than possible by temperature tuning a conventional echelle demultiplexer. In the athermal configuration, the measured channel spectral shift is reduced to less than 10 pm/C, compared to the 83 pm/C shift for an unmodified echelle device. In super-thermal operation an enhanced channel temperature tuning rate of 170 pm/C is achieved. Finally, by modulating the MZI phase with an on-chip heater, the demultiplexer channels can be actively tuned to correct for ambient temperature fluctuations up to 20 C, using a drive current of less than 20 mA.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
The Absence of Periodicity in Repeating FRB
Creators: name: Katz, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Popular Fast Radio Burst models involve rotating magnetized neutron stars, yet no rotational periodicities have been found. Small datasets exclude exact periodicity in FRB 121102. Recent observations of over 1500 bursts from each of FRB 121102 and FRB 20201124A also have not found periodicity. Periodograms of events with cosine-distributed random offsets as large as $\pm 0.6 P$ from a strict period $P$ would still reveal the underlying periodicity. The sensitivity of periodograms of long data series, such as bursts observed on multiple days, to slow frequency drifts is mitigated by considering individual observing sessions, and results are shown for FRB 121102. Models of repeating FRB without intrinsic periodicity are considered, as are models of apparently non-repeating FRB.
description: 8 pp, 4 figures In press MNRAS
Pedagogies and practices for developing innovation capability: Beyond the AITSL standards
Creators: name: Hill, Esther Wilkes
name: Keane, Therese
name: Seemann, Kurt
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper critiques the 2011 Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership Standards (AITSL) for its currency against the innovation agenda. With discourses around innovation taking centre stage in our national agendas on the economy, and hence education, there is a strong focus on developing curricula, programs and opportunities for teachers to advance in themselves, foster in others, and model innovation capability. Recent Federal Government reports recommend that innovation capability be central to all of our major policies and that understanding technologies and being creative should feature strongly in curriculum and teacher development. Innovation capability refers to the ability of individuals to think originally and critically, adapt to change, work cooperatively and find solutions to problems as they occur. To enact the innovation agenda, teachers will need to engage with, support and lead in the development of the new fluency largely related to technological understanding and creative application. Very little literature guides teachers in what this ‘fluency’ looks like in an educational setting. Technacy education offers a framework to guide this process for teachers just as frameworks for literacy and numeracy have in language and number development. The AITSL Standards offer very little direction for teacher education programs and professional development for what technological understanding and innovation capability looks like in their professional practice. This paper offers a critical analysis of the Standards with a focus on the discourses that are privileged and the gaps and silences that surround the pedagogies and practices that support innovation capability.
Visualization of dark excitons in semiconductor monolayers for high-sensitivity strain sensing
Creators: name: Chand, Saroj B.
name: Woods, John M.
name: Mejia, Enrique
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Grosso, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are layered materials that have a semiconducting phase with many advantageous optoelectronic properties, including tightly bound excitons and spin-valley locking. In Tungsten-based TMDs, spin and momentum forbidden transitions give rise to dark excitons that typically are optically inaccessible but represent the lowest excitonic states of the system. Dark excitons can deeply affect transport, dynamics and coherence of bright excitons, hampering device performance. Therefore, it is crucial to create conditions in which these excitonic states can be visualized and controlled. Here, we show that compressive strain in WS2 enables phonon scattering of photoexcited electrons between momentum valleys, enhancing the formation of dark intervalley excitons. We show that the emission and spectral properties of momentum-forbidden excitons are accessible and strongly depend on the local strain environment that modifies the band alignment. This mechanism is further exploited for strain sensing in two-dimensional semiconductors revealing a gauge factor exceeding 10^4.
Systematic exploration of heavy element nucleosynthesis in protomagnetar outflows
Creators: name: Ekanger, Nick
name: Bhattacharya, Mukul
name: Horiuchi, Shunsaku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nucleosynthesis products in neutrino-driven winds from rapidly rotating, highly magnetised and misaligned protomagnetars using the nuclear reaction network SkyNet. We adopt a semi-analytic parametrized model for the protomagnetar and systematically study the capabilities of its neutrino-driven wind for synthesizing nuclei and eventually producing ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We find that for neutron-rich outflows ($Y_e<0.5$), synthesis of heavy elements ($\overline{A}\sim 20-65$) is possible during the first $\sim 10$ seconds of the outflow, but these nuclei are subjected to composition-altering photodisintegration during the epoch of particle acceleration at the dissipation radii. However, after the first $\sim 10$ seconds of the outflow, nucleosynthesis reaches lighter elements ($\overline{A}\sim 10-50$) that are not subjected to subsequent photodisintegration. For proton-rich ($Y_e \geq 0.5$) outflows, synthesis is more limited ($\overline{A}\sim 4-15$). These suggest that while protomagnetars typically do not synthesize nuclei heavier than second r-process peak elements, they are intriguing sources of intermediate/heavy mass UHECRs. For all configurations, the most rapidly rotating protomagnetars are more conducive for nucleosynthesis with a weaker dependence on the magnetic field strength.
description: 16 pages, 7+3 figures, 1 table. This matches the version published in MNRAS
Weak binding effects on the structure of $^{40}$Mg
Creators: name: Macchiavelli, A. O.
name: Crawford, H. L.
name: Fallon, P.
name: Clark, R. M.
name: Poves, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the phenomenon of one- and two-neutron ground-state halo nuclei is well established, the effects of weak binding on nuclear excitation properties remain largely unexplored. Motivated by this question and by recent data in $^{40}$Mg we investigate the coupling of weakly bound (halo) valence neutrons to a core using the known properties of $^{40}$Mg to explore and illustrate possible particle-core coupling schemes and their impact on the low-lying excitation spectrum.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
The Gas-phase Metallicity Profiles of Star-forming Galaxies in the Modified Accretion Disk Framework
Creators: name: Wang, Enci
name: Lilly, Simon J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations indicate that the inflow of gas of star-forming galaxies is almost co-planar and co-rotating with the gas disk, and that the outflow of gas driven by stellar winds and/or supernova explosions is preferentially perpendicular to the disk. This indicates that the galactic gas disk can be treated as a modified accretion disk. In this work, we focus on the metal enhancement in galactic disks in this scenario of gas accretion. Assuming that the star formation rate surface density ($Σ_{\rm SFR}$) is of exponential form, we obtain the analytic solution of gas-phase metallicity with only three free parameters: the scalelength of $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ ($h_{\rm R}$), the metallicity of the inflowing gas and the mass-loading factor defined as the wind-driven outflow rate surface density per $Σ_{\rm SFR}$. According to this simple model, the negative gradient of gas-phase metallicity is a natural consequence of the radial inflow of cold gas which is continuously enriched by in-situ star formation as it moves towards the disk center. We fit the model to the observed metallicity profiles for six nearby galaxies chosen to have well-measured metallicity profiles extending to very large radii. Our model can well characterize the overall features of the observed metallicity profiles. The observed profiles usually show a floor at the outer regions of the disk, corresponding to the metallicity of inflow gas. Furthermore, we find the $h_{\rm R}$ of $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ inferred from these fits agree well with independent estimates from $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ profiles, supporting the basic model.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Accepted in ApJ
Imaging the Southern Sky at 159MHz using Spherical Harmonics with the Engineering Development Array 2
Creators: name: Kriele, Michael A.
name: Wayth, Randall B.
name: Bentum, Mark J.
name: Juswardy, Budi
name: Trott, Cathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the major priorities of international radio astronomy is to study the early universe through the detection of the 21 cm HI line from the epoch of reionisation (EoR). Due to the weak nature of the 21 cm signal, an important part in the detection of the EoR is removing contaminating foregrounds from our observations as they are multiple orders of magnitude brighter. In order to achieve this, sky maps spanning a wide range of frequencies and angular scales are required for calibration and foreground subtraction. Complementing the existing low-frequency sky maps, we have constructed a Southern Sky map through spherical harmonic transit interferometry utilising the engineering development array 2 (EDA2), a square kilometre array (SKA) low-frequency array prototype system. We use the m-mode formalism to create an all-sky map at 159MHz with an angular resolution of 3 degrees, with data from the (EDA2) providing information over +60 degrees to -90 degrees in declination. We also introduce a new method for visualising and quantifying how the baseline distribution of an interferometer maps to the spherical harmonics, and discuss how prior information can be used to constrain spherical harmonic components that the interferometer is not sensitive to.
description: 29 pages, 35 figures, accepted in PASA (11-01-2022)
Gaia as Solaris: An Alternative Default Evolutionary Trajectory
Creators: name: Janković, Srdja
name: Katić, Ana
name: Ćirković, Milan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Now that we know that Earth-like planets are ubiquitous in the universe, as well as that most of them are much older than the Earth, it is justified to ask to what extent evolutionary outcomes on other such planets are similar, or indeed commensurable, to the outcomes we perceive around us. In order to assess the degree of specialty or mediocrity of our trajectory of biospheric evolution, we need to take into account recent advances in theoretical astrobiology, in particular (i) establishing the history of habitable planets' formation in the Galaxy, and (ii) understanding the crucial importance of "Gaian" feedback loops and temporal windows for the interaction of early life with its physical environment. Hereby we consider an alternative macroevolutionary pathway that may result in tight functional integration of all sub-planetary ecosystems, eventually giving rise to a true superorganism at the biospheric level. The blueprint for a possible outcome of this scenario has been masterfully provided by the great Polish novelist Stanisław Lem in his 1961 novel Solaris. In fact, Solaris offers such a persuasive and powerful case for an "extremely strong" Gaia hypothesis that it is, arguably, high time to investigate it in a discursive astrobiological and philosophical context. In addition to novel predictions in the domain of potentially detectable biosignatures, some additional cognitive and heuristic benefits of studying such extreme cases of functional integration are briefly discussed.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure; accepted in "Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres"
A search for ionised gas outflows in an Halpha imaging atlas of nearby LINERs
Creators: name: Muñoz, Laura Hermosa
name: Márquez, Isabel
name: Cazzoli, Sara
name: Masegosa, Josefa
name: Agís-González, Beatriz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Outflows play a major role in the evolution of galaxies. However, we do not have yet a complete picture of their properties (extension, geometry, orientation and clumpiness). For low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), in particular, low-ionisation nuclear emission line regions (LINERs), the rate of outflows and their properties are largely unknown. The main goal of this work is to create the largest, up-to-date atlas of ionised gas outflow candidates in a sample of 70 nearby LINERs. We use narrow-band, imaging data to analyse the morphological properties of the ionised gas nuclear emission of these galaxies and to identify signatures of extended emission with distinctive outflow-like morphologies. We obtained new imaging data from ALFOSC/NOT for 32 LINERs. We complemented it with HST archival data for 6 objects and with results from the literature for other 32 targets. We additionally obtained soft X-ray data from Chandra archive to compare with the ionised gas. The distribution of the ionised gas in these LINER shows that $\sim$32% have bubble-like emission, $\sim$28% show a 'Core-halo', unresolved emission, and $\sim$21% have a disky-like distribution. Dust lanes prevent a detailed classification for $\sim$11% of the sample ('Dusty'). If we account for the kinematical information, available for 60 galaxies, we end up with 48% of the LINERs with detected outflows/inflows (50% considering only kinematical information based on Integral Field Spectroscopy). Our results suggest that the incidence of outflows in LINERs may vary from 41% up to 56%, based on both the Halpha morphology and the kinematical information from the literature. The ionised gas is co-spatial with the soft X-ray emission for the majority of cases ($\sim$60%), so that they may have a common origin. We discuss the use of Halpha imaging for the pre-selection of candidates likely hosting ionised gas outflows.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
A systematic search for galaxy protocluster cores at the transition epoch of their star formation activity
Creators: name: Ando, Makoto
name: Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
name: Momose, Rieko
name: Ito, Kei
name: Sawicki, Marcin
name: Shimakawa, Rhythm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The redshift of $z\sim1.5$ is the transition epoch of protoclusters (PCs) from the star-forming phase into the quenching phase, and hence an appropriate era to investigate the build up of the quenched population. We define a `core' as the most massive halo in a given PC, where environmental effects are likely to work most effectively, and search for cores at $111.3$ as the central galaxies of PC cores, we estimate their average halo mass by clustering analysis and find it to be $\log(M_\mathrm{h}/M_{\odot})\sim13.7$. An expected mass growth by the IllustrisTNG simulation and the observed overdensities around them suggest that the PC cores we find are progenitors of present-day clusters. Classifying our galaxy sample into red and blue galaxies, we calculate the stellar mass function (SMF) and the red galaxy fraction. The SMFs in the PC cores are more-top heavy than field, implying early high-mass galaxy formation and disruption of low-mass galaxies. We also find that the red fraction increases with stellar mass, consistent with stellar-mass dependent environmental quenching recently found at $z>1$. Interestingly, although the cores with red and blue centrals have similar halo masses, only those with red centrals show a significant red fraction excess compared to the field, suggesting a conformity effect. Some observational features of PC cores may imply that the conformity is caused by assembly bias.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (7th April 2022), 18(23) pages, 14(19) figures, 4(5) tables (including appendices)
Examining how individuals perceive, comprehend, and respond to unequal social and organisational contexts
Creators: name: Liu, Shuting
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Economic inequality
subject: Self-esteem
subject: Organisational inequality
subject: Fair work
subject: Social psychology
subject: Consumers' responses
subject: HC79.I5L5
subject: Income distribution
subject: Organizational behavior
subject: Equality
subject: Self-esteem

description: Human beings often exhibit paradoxical responses: they may respond to a particular event or issue in a way when they directly experience it whereas in a different way when they observe or imagine it happening to others. So too their responses to inequality: existing evidence shows that individuals simultaneously express a dislike for it as well as a preference for greater equality, yet their behaviours often align with actions that support and perpetuate inequality. Why is the case? Based on a comprehensive analysis on previous literature and five empirical studies (Studies 1,2,3a,3b, 4), Chapter 1-5 of this thesis found that when individuals are immersed in the economically unequal social and organisational environment they tend to be propelled by their contingent self-worth on social status and wealth to think, behave, and relate to others in a way that may facilitate inequality. The goal to validate their self-worth is so powerful that individuals are driven to pursue more achievements in the contingent domains, prefer to work for an unequal organisation in order to move up, and suffer from low self- evaluations. These findings seem highly pessimistic: despite being harmful to themselves, individuals are propelled by their contingent self-worth to engage in behaviours that may further contribute to inequality (e.g., prefer unequal and less democratic workplace). This concern has led the second half of this thesis to ask: if inequality traps people who live in economically unequal societies, can inequality be reduced by the very same group of people? Chapter 6-8 showed that when they are observing intraorganisational inequality in the marketplace, individuals tend to support organisations that are more equal. Findings of this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the inequality syndrome and the design of interventions for reducing inequality.
Systematics in the SED Fitting Parameter Estimation of Composite Galaxies
Creators: name: Zine, Katherine
name: Salim, Samir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Derivation of physical properties of galaxies using spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting is a powerful method, but can suffer from various systematics arising from model assumptions. Previously, such biases were mostly studied in the context of individual galaxies. In this study, we investigate potential biases arising from performing the SED fitting on the combined light of two galaxies, as would be the case in post-merger systems. We use GALEX-SDSS-WISE Legacy Catalog (GSWLC) of z<0.3 galaxies to identify 9,000 galaxy pairs that could eventually merge. For these we investigate if the UV/optical SED fitting accurately determines the stellar mass and (specific) star formation rate if the pair was unresolved (merged). The sum of the stellar masses (and SFRs) of individual galaxies in the pair establishes the ground truth for these quantities. For star forming galaxies no biases (<0.1 dex) are found in the stellar mass, SFR, or sSFRs. Moderate systematics in SFR (~0.1 dex) are found for systems with an extreme contrast in dust content between the two galaxies. We conclude that biases that would arise in the determination of masses and SFRs of post-merger systems on account of the two original galaxies having potentially very different star formation histories and different dust properties are small and that the approach with simple two-component star formation histories is adequate. The approach presented in this study, using flux compositing with empirically determined ground truth, offers new opportunities for testing the results of SED fitting in general.
description: Accepted in ApJ
Disentangling Shape from Level Effects in Person-Centered Analyses: An Illustration Based on University Teachers’ Multidimensional Profiles of Effectiveness
Creators: name: Morin, Alexandre J. S.
name: Marsh, Herbert W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences

description: This study compares alternative ways of disentangling the effects of level (the tendency for a person to be high, medium, or low across all factors) and shape (the tendency for a person to have a distinct pattern of factors on which they are high, medium, or low) in profile analyses. This issue is particularly relevant to performance appraisals where it is often useful to identify specific strengths and weaknesses over and above a person global performance, but also to person-centered analyses more generally where the observation of qualitative (shape) differences between profiles is often used as justification for the added value of profiles. Substantively, this study illustrates these issues in the identification of profiles of teachers based on multidimensional students’ ratings of their effectiveness, using an archival data set of 31,951 class-average ratings based on the Students’ Evaluations of Educational Quality (SEEQ) instrument collected over a 13-year period. The results show the superiority of a factor mixture operationalization of teaching effectiveness in which a global effectiveness factor was used to control for unnecessary level effects in the profiles.
N$_2$, NO and O$_2$ molecules in LiGaO$_2$ in both Ga and Li sites and their relation to the vacancies
Creators: name: Dabsamut, Klichchupong
name: Boonchun, Adisak
name: Lambrecht, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doping of the ultrawide band gap semicodnctor LiGaO$_2$ ($E_g=5.6$ eV) with N$_2$, NO and O$_2$ molecules placed in either Ga or Li-vacancies is studied using first-principles calculations. These molecular dopants are considered as potential acceptors for $p$-type doping. Their optimal placement and orientation relative to the lattice is studied as well as their transition levels and energy of formation. Unfortunately, they are found to have deep acceptor level transition states. We discuss the relation of the transition levels to the one-electron levels, their spin state and defect wave functions. They are found to be closely related to those of the corresponding vacancies.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 supplementary material
Counterion atmosphere around DNA double helix: trapping of counterions at the nanoscale
Creators: name: Perepelytsya, Sergiy
name: Zdorevskyi, Oleksii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: DNA is strong polyelectrolyte macromolecule making metal ions (counterions) condense to a cloud around the double helix. The counterions may be localized outside the macromolecule and inside the minor and major grooves of the double helix. In the present work, the distribution of condensed counterions between inner and outer regions of DNA has been studied using the approaches of counterion condensation theory. The results have shown that the number of counterions trapped inside the macromolecule should be greater than 0.16 per one phosphate group. The maximal number of counterions that may be localized inside the DNA double helix is limited to about 0.4 per one phosphate group and it is much lower than the total number of condensed counterions. To analyze the structure of counterion cloud the molecular dynamics simulations of \emph{B}-DNA with K$^{+}$ counterions have been performed. The obtained number of the counterions trapped inside the grooves of the double helix is about 0.22$\pm$0.06 per one phosphate group that agree with the model estimations. The developed model describes general features of the structure of counterion cloud around DNA and is able to predict the number of counterions inside the grooves of the double helix.
Coupled metronomes on a moving platform with Coulomb friction
Creators: name: Goldsztein, Guillermo H.
name: English, Lars Q.
name: Behta, Emma
name: Finder, Hillel
name: Nadeau, Alice N.
name: Strogatz, Steven H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34C15

description: Using a combination of theory, experiment, and simulation, we revisit the dynamics of two coupled metronomes on a moving platform. Our experiments show that the platform's motion is damped by a dry friction force of Coulomb type, not the viscous linear friction force that has often been assumed in the past. Prompted by this result, we develop a new mathematical model that builds on previously introduced models, but departs from them in its treatment of the friction on the platform. We analyze the model by a two-timescale analysis and derive the slow-flow equations that determine its long-term dynamics. The derivation of the slow flow is challenging, due to the stick-slip motion of the platform in some parameter regimes. Simulations of the slow flow reveal various kinds of long-term behavior including in-phase and antiphase synchronization of identical metronomes, phase locking and phase drift of non-identical metronomes, and metronome suppression and death. In these latter two states, one or both of the metronomes come to swing at such low amplitude that they no longer engage their escapement mechanisms. We find good agreement between our theory, simulations, and experiments, but stress that our exploration is far from exhaustive. Indeed, much still remains to be learned about the dynamics of coupled metronomes, despite their simplicity and familiarity.
description: 25 pages, 19 figures
Wild Flora of Mine Tailings: Perspectives for Use in Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Semi-Arid Region in Mexico
Creators: name: Vangronsveld, Jaco
name: Sánchez-López, Ariadna S.
name: Ma. Del Carmen A. González-Chávez
name: Carrillo-González, Rogelio
name: Díaz-Garduño, Margarita
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: The aim of this research was to identify wild plant species applicable for remediation of mine tailings in arid soils. Plants growing on two mine tailings were identified and evaluated for their potential use in phytoremediation based on the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in roots and shoots, bioconcentration (BCF) and translocation factors (TF). Total, water-soluble and DTPA-extractable concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Co and Ni in rhizospheric and bulk soil were determined. Twelve species can grow on mine tailings, accumulate PTEs concentrations above the commonly accepted phytotoxicity levels, and are suitable for establishing a vegetation cover on barren mine tailings in the Zimapan region. Pteridium sp. is suitable for Zn and Cd phytostabilization. Aster gymnocephalus is a potential phytoextractor for Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu; Gnaphalium sp. for Cu and Crotalaria pumila for Zn. The species play different roles according to the specific conditions where they are growing at one site behaving as a PTEs accumulator and at another as a stabilizer. For this reason and due to the lack of a unified approach for calculation and interpretation of bioaccumulation factors, only considering BCF and TF may be not practical in all cases.
Center vortex and confinement in Yang-Mills theory and QCD with anomaly-preserving compactifications
Creators: name: Tanizaki, Yuya
name: Ünsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an anomaly-preserving compactification of 4d gauge theories, including $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory, $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, and QCD, down to 2d by turning on 't Hooft flux through $T^2$. It provides a new framework to analytically calculate nonperturbative properties such as confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and multi-branch structure of vacua. We give the semiclassical description of these phenomena based on the center vortex and show that it enjoys the same anomaly matching condition with the original $4$d gauge theory. We conjecture that the weak-coupling vacuum structure on small $T^2 \times \mathbb{R}^2$ is adiabatically connected to the strong-coupling regime on $\mathbb{R}^4$ without any phase transitions. In QCD with fundamental quarks as well, we can turn on 't Hooft flux either by activating $SU(N_f)_{\mathrm{V}}$ symmetry twist for $N_f=N$ flavors or by introducing a magnetic flux of baryon number $U(1)_{\mathrm{B}}$ for arbitrary $N_f$ flavors. In both cases, the weak-coupling center-vortex theory gives the prediction consistent with chiral Lagrangian of $4$d QCD.
description: 58 pages, 5 figures (v2) minor changes
Reactions of Cr3+ with aspartic acid within a wide pH range
Creators: name: Shafi, Mohammed
name: Yahia Z. Hamada
name: Bayakly, Nabil
name: Painter, Sherry
name: Taylor, Vanessa
name: Greene, Jasmine
name: Rosli, Khalid
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Cancer
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Medicine
Engineering
Biochemistry
Biophysics

description: Formation of the metal complexes of aspartic acid (Asp) with the chromium metal ion (Cr3+) in solutions using potentiometric titrations is presented within a wide pH range (∼3.5 to ∼10.5) at 25°C and I=0.10 M NaNO3. Concentration distribution diagrams revealed that the main complex formed within this pH range is the bis Cr 3+ complex. Literature stability constant values for the Cr–Asp complexes were used to construct concentration distribution diagrams. Complexes taken into consideration were the simple one-to-one complex, the bis-complex, and the bis-mono-protonated complex, namely, Cr–Asp, Cr(Asp)2, and Cr(Asp)2H. The corresponding Log β values of these complexes were 12.46, 21.86, and 24.30, respectively. UV–Vis spectra demonstrate Cr 3+–Asp binding. The UV–Vis spectra were collected from a system that reached a high level of equilibrium state (50 days’ equilibrium time).
Single-pion contribution to the Gerasimov--Drell--Hearn sum rule and related integrals
Creators: name: Strakovsky, Igor
name: Širca, Simon
name: Briscoe, William J.
name: Deur, Alexandre
name: Schmidt, Axel
name: Workman, Ron L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phenomenological amplitudes obtained in partial-wave analyses (PWA) of single-pion photoproduction are used to evaluate the contribution of this process to the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH), Baldin and Gell-Mann-Goldberger-Thirring (GGT) sum rules, by integrating up to 2 GeV in photon energy. Our study confirms that the single-pion contribution to all these sum rules converges even before the highest considered photon energy, but the levels of saturation are very different in the three cases. Single-pion production almost saturates the GDH sum rule for the proton, while a large fraction is missing in the neutron case. The Baldin integrals for the proton and the neutron are both saturated to about four fifths of the predicted total strength. For the GGT sum rule, the wide variability in predictions precludes any definitive statement.
description: 12 pages, 7 figure, 3 tables; discussion refined, references added, Minor fixes to the authorship list found during production; acknowledgement added; final version accepted by Phys Rev C
Synthesis, characterization and antifungal studies of metalloquinolone [Cd2(nal)2(phen)2(Cl)2]
Creators: name: A. Debnath
name: F. Hussain
name: D.T. Masram
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: A novel dinuclear, distorted octahedral complex of nalidixic acid (nal) with Cd(II) metal ion with the formula [Cd2(Nal)2(Phen)2(Cl)2] has been synthesized in the presence of N-containing heterocyclic ligand, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). The synthesized metal complex was characterized using CHN analysis, Fourier transformed infra-red, thermo gravimetric analysis, differential scanning chalorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultra violet-visible and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The newly synthesized complex shows more pronounced antifungal activity compared with the parent quinolone against four fungi, namely Pythium aphanidermatum, Sclerotinia rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia bataticola.