cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The role of respiratory syncytial virus in modulating early innate immune responses
Creators: name: Waldstein, Kody A.
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2023
Subjects: public abstract
Virology

description: Respiratory viruses are a common cause of disease and mortality across the globe. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children worldwide and also represents a significant cause of mortality in adults over the age of 65. RSV is highly transmissible, and all children will become infected with RSV by the age of 3. Currently, there is currently no licensed RSV vaccine available.
description: Immune cells residing within the airways, known as alveolar macrophages (AM), are one of the first immune cells to encounter inhaled pathogens. However, all of the critical roles AMs play early after a respiratory virus infection remain unclear. Utilizing various genetic techniques, I generated virus strains expressing fluorescent reporters and tracked them early post-infection. I found that distinct respiratory viruses all abundantly infected AMs early post-infection. However, AMs did not support productive viral replication and served as a ‘viral sponge’ limiting access to the more susceptible lung cells. These infected AMs self-restricted viral replication and were not eliminated by the immune system. Long after RSV clearance, the previously infected AMs displayed enhanced functional capacity when re-infected. Together, this work provides valuable insight into a previously undefined role of AMs in the restriction of early viral replication and innate memory responses.
description: RSV strains are known to cause differential disease suggesting genetic variation influences disease severity. I generated recombinant RSV strains expressing proteins from strains that cause severe disease to elucidate the mechanism by which RSV induces disease. My data suggests that a single amino acid change in a major RSV surface protein can induce increased inflammation and severe disease. I identified the specific immune cell receptors that this amino acid binds to causing inflammation that results in severe disease. These studies will have important implications in the screening of RSV strains to predict upcoming disease severity during RSV season as well as influence the development of future therapeutic targets.
A systematic, large-scale comparison of transcription factor binding site models
Creators: name: Hombach, Daniela
name: Schwarz, Jana Marie
name: Robinson, Peter N.
name: Schuelke, Markus
name: Seelow, Dominik
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Transcription factor binding sites
subject: TFBS prediction
subject: PSSM
subject: Genetic variation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background The modelling of gene regulation is a major challenge in biomedical research. This process is dominated by transcription factors (TFs) and mutations in their binding sites (TFBSs) may cause the misregulation of genes, eventually leading to disease. The consequences of DNA variants on TF binding are modelled in silico using binding matrices, but it remains unclear whether these are capable of accurately representing in vivo binding. In this study, we present a systematic comparison of binding models for 82 human TFs from three freely available sources: JASPAR matrices, HT-SELEX-generated models and matrices derived from protein binding microarrays (PBMs). We determined their ability to detect experimentally verified “real” in vivo TFBSs derived from ENCODE ChIP-seq data. As negative controls we chose random downstream exonic sequences, which are unlikely to harbour TFBS. All models were assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Results While the area- under-curve was low for most of the tested models with only 47 % reaching a score of 0.7 or higher, we noticed strong differences between the various position-specific scoring matrices with JASPAR and HT-SELEX models showing higher success rates than PBM-derived models. In addition, we found that while TFBS sequences showed a higher degree of conservation than randomly chosen sequences, there was a high variability between individual TFBSs. Conclusions Our results show that only few of the matrix-based models used to predict potential TFBS are able to reliably detect experimentally confirmed TFBS. We compiled our findings in a freely accessible web application called ePOSSUM (http:/mutationtaster.charite.de/ePOSSUM/) which uses a Bayes classifier to assess the impact of genetic alterations on TF binding in user-defined sequences. Additionally, ePOSSUM provides information on the reliability of the prediction using our test set of experimentally confirmed binding sites.
Structural studies of polyspecific anti-carbohydrate antibodies
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hoa P
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chemistry, Biochemistry.
subject: Health Sciences, Immunology.

description: The inheritance of germline immunoglobulin genes must ensure the recognition of prevalent pathogens and the ability to adapt to new pathogens. The current understanding of the generation of diversity of immunoglobulin binding sites involves the recombination of the B-lymphocyte germline genes during development. In general, the production of immunoglobulins proceeds with the help of T-lymphocytes through a process called "affinity maturation" involving mutations that increase antigen specificity. Carbohydrate epitopes, however, do not illicit such a response, and so are more dependent on the primary germline repertoire. Although anti-carbohydrate antibodies exhibit exquisite specificity, to date there have been few structural reports of complexes due to their low binding affinities. Here, high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of antigen-binding fragments from two highly homologous immunoglobulins S25-2 and S45-18 in their unliganded forms and bound to several carbohydrate epitopes of 3-deoxy- D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) found in Gram-negative bacteria including members of the family Chlamydiaceae. The combining sites of both immunoglobulins are similarly composed of a common germline-conserved "pocket" that binds a non-reducing terminal Kdo monosaccharide, and a "groove"-like remainder of the binding site that uses the same residues multiply in interactions with different epitopes in the case of the germline-conserved S25-2, or that has undergone mutations that enhance the specificity for a single epitope in the case of S45-18. The structural basis of this adaptability is accomplished firstly, by the combination of a specific set of germline VH and Vkappa genes that encodes a binding pocket that recognizes the non-reducing terminal Kdo; secondly, by a difference in the nature of the D and JH mini-genes between S25-2 and S45-18; and thirdly, by the contributions of conserved germline residues compared to regions of amino acid mutation. Furthermore, the strategy of coupling a strict binding pocket with a more adaptive region demonstrates how anti-carbohydrate immunoglobulins can bind a limited range of related epitopes without necessarily incurring the entropic penalty of immobilisation of flexible regions.
Traductionstranspositions: Représentations institutionnelles des Premiers Peuples du Canada
Creators: name: Lehmann, Florence
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Canadian Studies.
subject: Speech Communication.
subject: Native American Studies.

description: To better understand the relationship to Otherness, postcolonial translation theorists have examined cultures that are far away in space or time. This dissertation takes an alternative approach by examining a contemporary, nearby Other, that is Native People who have been dominated over in a system that has "translated" them. This study analyzes a set of institutional representations of Canada's First Peoples. Its goal is to shed light on how these representations create a frame of reference that impacts public discourse about these people. Particular attention is paid to movements of consolidation , displacement, or subversion exercised within these frameworks. The review starts by recalling the historical conditions governing the first representations of Native People. It continues by analyzing the representations produced among the spheres of greatest influence: the legal, educational, museological, and linguistic institutions. How do the earliest colonial representations continue to filter through in present-day legal texts? How to educate tomorrow's decision makers about historical and current Native realities? How do museums construct the population's views of these realities? What is the status of Native languages against that of the two "official" languages of colonization? What support do Native languages receive, to allow them to assume their role in education and the development of Native identities, or for defining what is modern? These are the questions that each chapter explores and answers. The creation of the Dominion of Canada put the last touch to the definition of "Indians" as persons. Henceforth, power relations between First Peoples and colonizing forces became asymmetrical, and Canadian institutions got considerable powers of influence, not only over representations of the Native Other, but also over the production and reproduction of these representations. It is important that the subject, who reads and interprets Otherness through the symbolic representations that impact his/her frame of reference, be conscious of the predominance, in public discourse, of representations projected by institutions. This dissertation has attempted to uncover the competing power relations that are at work in representing Native People, while focusing on the position of people who represent, and on the position of those who are represented. This has led us to foreground areas of possible intervention favouring the recognition of Native people in Canada.
Design of a walking/rolling robot with pneumatic muscle actuator
Creators: name: McNab, Cameron
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This thesis seeks to support this initiative by investigating the design of a large all terrain robotic platform capable of remote operations in a range of complex and hostile environments. Called the Armabot, the platform employs a reconfigurable mechanical structure that can perform both walking and rolling locomotion. Dependent on the demands of the tasks being performed and the environment in which they are undertaken, this allows the robot to take advantage of high open ground rolling speed or stable walking manoeuvrability in rough or uneven terrain.
L'image "Église-Famille de Dieu" pour l'église du Burundi : étude historique et théologique.
Creators: name: Nyabenda, Michel.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Religion, General.

description: Notre thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la réflexion théologique africaine en général et de la recherche d'une ecclésiologie authentiquement africaine en particulier. La théologie africaine est née d'un besoin urgent, ressenti dans les Églises d'Afrique, de dépasser une théologie du salut des âmes et de l'implantation qui s'étaient bâties sur la ruine des cultures africaines. Voulant aller au-delà de la simple confrontation entre le christianisme et les cultures qui l'accueillaient, la théologie africaine vise alors leur rencontre profonde pour que l'africain ne cesse pas d'être africain en accueillant l'Évangile. On constate alors que, ces dernières années, les théologiens africains se sont davantage occupés à démontrer la nécessité d'exprimer la foi chrétienne dans les catégories de penser proprement africaines (inculturation du Message), les défis que pose la situation africaine à la foi (libération, reconstruction) et à esquisser une christologie africaine. Par contre une ecclésiologie proprement africaine cherche encore son chemin. Or, une image de l'Église est apparue, ses dernières années, comme particulièrement significative et lourde de promesses pour l'élaboration d'une telle ecclésiologie: celle de l'"Église-Famille de Dieu". Cette image, déjà présente dans des catéchèses et des plans pastoraux de certaines Églises africaines (Burundi, Burkina Faso), a émergé progressivement dans la recherche théologique africaine jusqu'à être consacrée par le dernier Synode africain comme le concept-clé d'une ecclésiologie africaine à développer et l'axe majeure de l'évangélisation en Afrique. Ainsi l'image "Église-Famille de Dieu" accédait-elle au statut de "modèle ecclésiologique" grâce à la réflexion théologique et la pratique pastorale. Notre thèse analyse cette image de l'"Église-Famille de Dieu" jugée comme un modèle ecclésiologique inculturé en Afrique et au Burundi en particulier. Le Synode lui-même a invité à ce travail d'approfondissement en souhaitant que les théologiens élaborent la théologie de l'Église Famille avec toute la richesse de son concept, en dégageant sa complémentarité avec d'autres images de l'Église. Plus concrètement, notre recherche s'articule en cinq chapitres. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Control architecture of survivable multi-domain optical networks
Creators: name: He, He
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Engineering, Electronics and Electrical.

description: Optical networks have been widely adopted as the transport network in research industry for years. To better utilize the high speed benefit of optical transport networks, control architecture have become the focus of research in recent years. In this thesis, I have developed a control plane architecture integrated with a set of algorithms, schemes and protocols. Based on the two-level inter-domain and intra-domain hierarchical control architecture, I proposed an inter-domain routing algorithm, ring-based topology aggregation scheme and modified RSVP-TE signalling protocol. This thesis aims to provide an efficient control plane architecture in terms of inter-domain routing, intra-domain routing, topology aggregation and signalling.
L'environnement matériel des chanoines de Notre-Dame de Paris au XVe siècle d'après les inventaires après décès
Creators: name: Vidal, Teva
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: History, Medieval.

description: Les inventaires après décès représentent une source particulièrement utile en histoire de la culture matérielle médiévale. Leur utilisation est habituellement sérielle, permettant l'étude des niveaux de vie et de richesse et de l'évolution du cadre matériel pour de vastes secteurs des populations étudiées. La présente étude propose en revanche un regard précis et qualitatif d'un échantillon restreint ponctuel de trois inventaires après décès: ceux des chanoines de Notre-Dame de Paris Jean de Landes, Clément de Fauquembergue et Jacques Branlart, décédés en 1437 et 1438. En examinant soigneusement l'avoir mobilier de ces personnages tel que révèle par leur inventaire après décès tout en tenant compte de leur contexte historique et biographique, il est possible de démontrer que cet avoir mobilier peut, en effet, être révélateur de la vie du chanoine. Cette étude ponctuelle de l'inventaire après décès s'avère donc utile en fournissant une dimension matérielle, peu étudiée, à la biographie de ces personnages et à l'histoire du monde canonial.
A description and phylogenetic relationships of a new species of crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of Montana
Creators: name: Leaphart, Daniel
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Crocodylia
Paralligatoridae
Wannchampsus
public abstract
Paleontology
Phylogenetics

description: Eusuchian crocodyliforms are traditionally diagnosed by procoelous vertebrae and an internal choana fully enclosed within the pterygoids, but recent phylogenetic analyses have recovered taxa lacking some of these diagnostic features, particularly the pterygoid-bound choana, within Eusuchia. To help resolve this inconsistency, we report a new crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of Montana. It is represented by a nearly complete diminutive skull and other referable fragmentary material. This skull bears a striking similarity to both Theriosuchus pusillus and Wannchampsus kirpachi, and is approximately 62 millimeters long, with a secondary choana bound anteriorly by the palatines and laterally and posteriorly by the pterygoid, as well as a compound palpebral comprised of a large anterior and a small posterior element. The skull is from an adult individual, which would have likely been around 1 meter long. Additional cranial material was found associated with procoelous vertebrae.
description: A maximum parsimony analysis recovers this crocodyliform as closely related to W. kirpachi basal within Paralligatoridae. This new taxon can be diagnosed by the following autapomorphies: anteriorly diverging nasals, and transversely expanded prefrontal pillars. This form emphasizes the disassociation of procoelous vertebrae and pterygoidal choanae at the root of Eusuchia. Moreover, it reinforces the concept that early eusuchians were small and outwardly resembled modern smooth-fronted caimans (Paleosuchus) and dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus), suggesting that the semiaquatic ambush predators that dominate modern crocodylian diversity arose from small, less-aquatic ancestors.
3798179.pdf
Creators: name: ZHANG, YAN
name: Du, Qingyang
name: Wang, Chuangtang
name: Fakhrul, Takian
name: Liu, Shuyuan
name: Deng, Longjiang
name: Huang, Tony
name: Pintus, Paolo
name: Bowers, John
name: Ross, Caroline
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplementary material
Improving understanding of Korea's air quality using chemical transport modeling and machine learning data fusion
Creators: name: Tang, Beiming
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2024
Subjects: high resolution estimates
Korea
source quantification
public abstract
Air Pollution
Machine Learning

description: According to the world health organization (WHO), air pollution leads to four million deaths per year globally. Being one of the world’s most populous regions, East Asia suffers great losses due to unhealthy air quality. With the economy growth, the Chinese and Korean governments have published stricter mitigation regulations aiming at reducing PM2.5 and ozone simultaneously. The first objective of this thesis is to provide source quantification of how much air pollution is from Korean domestic emissions and how much from international transport. The fulfillment of this objective will help Korean policymakers to publish more effective regulations on emission control. The second objective is to optimize the current air quality model to achieve higher spatial resolution, better model performance, and improved computational efficiency. The accomplishment of this objective will guide future air pollution model development.
description: First, to quantify the sources of air pollution (especially ozone precursors and PM2.5 components) in Korea, two methods are used. All are based on Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) modeling. Through the emission perturbation run method, we found that at Seoul, domestic contributions of PM2.5 averaged 49% and 29% in the stagnant and transport phase, respectively. Surface concentrations of NOx and toluene in Seoul were over 85% due to domestic emissions. CO and BC had both local and remote contributions. Nitrate and ammonium contributions varied greatly by phases in Seoul, with 7%-51% nitrate and 42%-70% of ammonium from remote sources. Through the advective mass fluxes method, we found that source quantification can be done using a single model run, and this method applies to both primary and secondary air pollutants.
description: Second, to build a higher resolution and computationally efficiency exposure estimation model with better statistics against observations, a machine learning algorithm was applied with various inputs, including chemical transport model predictions, satellite retrievals, and ground-level observations. Results were not very sensitive to the resolution of the prior concentration fields, supplied from chemical transport models at fine resolution (4km  4km, WRF-Chem) or course resolution (80km  80km CAMS). This suggests the workflow developed in the thesis can be applied globally without running a regional high-resolution chemical transport model in advance. Another finding is that incorporating GEMS AOD improves model performance on the daily scale but not notably on a monthly scale. A third finding is that the critical number of ground stations for the machine learning models to make accurate and robust predictions is 150 in Korea. The higher the observational density, the better the machine learning model performance.
3798179.pdf
Creators: name: ZHANG, YAN
name: Du, Qingyang
name: Wang, Chuangtang
name: Fakhrul, Takian
name: Liu, Shuyuan
name: Deng, Longjiang
name: Huang, Tony
name: Pintus, Paolo
name: Bowers, John
name: Ross, Caroline
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplementary material
Vorhersagen für die Prozesse $\gamma \gamma \to$4Fermionen (+$\gamma$) an zukünftigen $\gamma \gamma$-Beschleunigern
Creators: name: Bredenstein, Axel
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: thesis
photon photon: exclusive reaction
backscatter: laser
fermion: multiple production
final state: (4fermion)
photon: emission
gauge field theory: SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1)
spinor
helicity: amplitude analysis
electroweak interaction
neutral current
charged current
kinematics: phase space
channel cross section: energy dependence
differential cross section
numerical calculations
tables
photon photon --> 4fermion

description: Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 2003; 62 pp., (2003). doi:10.3204/DESY-THESIS-2003-001
description: Published by Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Chemokine Transfer by Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Contributes to the Recruitment of CD4+ T Cells into the Murine Liver
Creators: name: Neumann, Katrin
name: Erben, Ulrike
name: Kruse, Nils
name: Wechsung, Katja
name: Schumann, Michael
name: Klugewitz, Katja
name: Scheffold, Alexander
name: Kühl, Anja A.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Leukocyte adhesion and transmigration are central features governing immune surveillance and inflammatory reactions in body tissues. Within the liver sinusoids, chemokines initiate the first crucial step of T-cell migration into the hepatic tissue. We studied molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial chemokine supply during hepatic immune surveillance and liver inflammation and their impact on the recruitment of CD4+ T cells into the liver. In the murine model of Concanavalin A-induced T cell-mediated hepatitis, we showed that hepatic expression of the inflammatory CXC chemokine ligands (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 strongly increased whereas homeostatic CXCL12 significantly decreased. Consistently, CD4+ T cells expressing the CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 accumulated within the inflamed liver tissue. In histology, CXCL9 was associated with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) which represent the first contact site for T-cell immigration into the liver. LSEC actively transferred basolaterally internalized CXCL12, CXCL9 and CXCL10 via clathrin- coated vesicles to CD4+ T cells leading to enhanced transmigration of CXCR4+ total CD4+ T cells and CXCR3+ effector/memory CD4+ T cells, respectively in vitro. LSEC-expressed CXCR4 mediated CXCL12 transport and blockage of endothelial CXCR4 inhibited CXCL12-dependent CD4+ T-cell transmigration. In contrast, CXCR3 was not involved in the endothelial transport of its ligands CXCL9 and CXCL10. The clathrin-specific inhibitor chlorpromazine blocked endothelial chemokine internalization and CD4+ T-cell transmigration in vitro as well as migration of CD4+ T cells into the inflamed liver in vivo. Moreover, hepatic accumulation of CXCR3+ CD4+ T cells during T cell-mediated hepatitis was strongly reduced after administration of chlorpromazine. These data demonstrate that LSEC actively provide perivascularly expressed homeostatic and inflammatory chemokines by CXCR4- and clathrin-dependent intracellular transport mechanisms thereby contributing to the hepatic recruitment of CD4+ T-cell populations during immune surveillance and liver inflammation.
Knowledge of the Female Athlete Triad (TRIAD) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) among coaches of high school female runners
Creators: name: Unke, Mackenzie
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2024

description: Background: Female endurance athletes face heightened risk of the female athlete triad (the Triad) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), conditions arising from low energy availability. However, little is known about the knowledge of RED-S among high school running coaches who work with these female runners. Purpose: The purpose of this needs assessment study was to quantify the knowledge, confidence, impact, and educational training that high school running coaches who work with female athletes have of RED-S to determine if a RED-S coaching education intervention is needed for this population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that examined RED-S knowledge, confidence, impact, and educational training among Midwest high school (Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin) coaches who work with female runners. Midwest coaches were recruited through mass emails and word of mouth. Subjects’ participation included a one-time completion of an online validated questionnaire via REDCap. Descriptive statistics analyzed knowledge, confidence, and impact scores, as well as educational training. Unpaired t-tests were used to assess associations with participant characteristics. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) from bivariate analyses were included in a multivariable linear regression model. Qualitative procedures were used to analyze the open-ended responses. All open-ended questions were content analyzed, adopting an inductive coding strategy. Responses were then categorized into themes and assessed for frequency. Results: Coach respondents (n=151) had a mean total knowledge score of 14.67 ± 6.79 (possible range -37 to +37), a mean total confidence score of 85.26 ± 20.9 (possible range of 0 to +130), and a mean total impact score of 10.94 ± 4.7 (possible range of 0 to +148). Notably, male coaches, non-former runners, head coaches, and those unfamiliar with the Triad and RED-S exhibited the lowest knowledge, confidence, and impact scores. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of education for coaching staff in identifying, treating, and preventing RED-S among high school female runners. Future research should explore effective educational strategies for high school coaching populations.
title: Sleep Quality Changes during Overwintering at the German Antarctic Stations Neumayer II and III
title: The Gender Factor
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Steinach, Mathias
name: Kohlberg, Eberhard
name: Maggioni, Martina Anna
name: Mendt, Stefan
name: Opatz, Oliver
name: Stahn, Alexander
name: Gunga, Hanns-Christian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Purpose Antarctic residence holds many challenges to human physiology, like increased psycho-social tension and altered circadian rhythm, known to influence sleep. We assessed changes in sleep patterns during 13 months of overwintering at the German Stations Neumayer II and III from 2008 to 2014, with focus on gender, as many previous investigations were inconclusive regarding gender-based differences or had only included men. Materials & Methods Time in bed, sleep time, sleep efficiency, number of arousals, sleep latency, sleep onset, sleep offset, and physical activity level were determined twice per month during seven overwintering campaigns of n = 54 participants (37 male, 17 female) using actimetry. Data were analyzed using polynomial regression and analysis of covariance for change over time with the covariates gender, inhabited station, overwintering season and influence of physical activity and local sunshine radiation. Results We found overall longer times in bed (p = 0.004) and sleep time (p = 0.014) for women. The covariate gender had a significant influence on time in bed (p<0.001), sleep time (p<0.001), number of arousals (p = 0.04), sleep latency (p = 0.04), and sleep onset (p<0.001). Women separately (p = 0.02), but not men (p = 0.165), showed a linear increase in number of arousals. Physical activity decreased over overwintering time for men (p = 0.003), but not for women (p = 0.174). The decline in local sunshine radiation led to a 48 minutes longer time in bed (p<0.001), 3.8% lower sleep efficiency (p<0.001), a delay of 32 minutes in sleep onset (p<0.001), a delay of 54 minutes in sleep offset (p<0.001), and 11% less daily energy expenditure (p<0.001), for all participants in reaction to the Antarctic winter’s darkness-phase. Conclusions Overwinterings at the Stations Neumayer II and III are associated with significant changes in sleep patterns, with dependences from overwintering time and local sunshine radiation. Gender appears to be an influence, as women showed a declining sleep quality, despite that their physical activity remained unchanged, suggesting other causes such as a higher susceptibility to psycho-social stress and changes in environmental circadian rhythm during long-term isolation in Antarctica.
3801826.pdf
Creators: name: Morizet, Joséphine
name: Ducourthial, Guillaume
name: Supatto, Willy
name: Boutillon, Arthur
name: Legouis, Renaud
name: Schanne-Klein, Marie-Claire
name: Stringari, Chiara
name: Beaurepaire, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary figures and protocols
Study on systems of nonlinear conservation laws arising in chemotaxis and traffic flow
Creators: name: Mathur, Nitesh
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2023
Subjects: Balance Laws
Chemotaxis
Global BV Solutions
Riemann problem
System of Conservation Laws
Traffic Flow
Theoretical mathematics
public abstract

description: We study nonlinear conservation laws in partial differential equations (PDEs). In particular, we investigate systems of conservation laws in biology and traffic flow. We solve the Riemann problem for a system modeling chemotaxis and prove the existence of global BV solutions to the Cauchy problem for a system of balance laws arising in traffic flow.
description: For our first problem, we study the Riemann problem for a system arising in chemotaxis. The system is of mixed-type and transitions from a hyperbolic to an elliptic region. We solve the Riemann problem in the physically relevant region up to the non-strictly boundary that occurs between the hyperbolic and elliptic regions. While solving this problem, we encounter classical shock and rarefaction waves in the hyperbolic region as well as contact discontinuities in the linearly degenerate region.
description: For the second problem, we establish global well-posedness and asymptotic behavior of BV solutions to a system of balance laws modeling traffic flow with nonconcave fundamental diagram. This problem is of specific interest since nonconcave fundamental diagrams arise naturally in traffic flow. We prove the results for the system with concave fundamental diagram by finding a convex entropy-entropy flux pair and verifying the Kawashima condition, the sub-characteristic condition, and the partial dissipative inequality in the framework of Dafermos. We then extend the results to nonconcave fundamental diagram by perturbation analysis.
Developmental enamel defects in non-syndromic orofacial clefts
Creators: name: Sule, Veronica C.
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2025
Subjects: dental anomalies
enamel defects
hypocalcification
hypoplasia
incisal thrids
orofacial clefts
public abstract

description: Background: Children with Non-syndromic Orofacial clefts (OFC) often show an increased rate of developmental enamel defects (DED), such as hypoplasia and hypocalcification. Few prior studies discussed the location of the defects within the clinical crown and if the location can be associated with the development of a cleft defect or corrective surgery sequelae. This study aims to characterize the developmental location of hypoplasia and hypocalcification in children with OFC compared to controls. Findings will assist in the understanding of the underlying etiology of DEDs and will also help to provide early interventions, reduce adverse effects, and improve treatment outcomes.
description: Methods: The study included 1,528 subjects with OFC and 1,273 control subjects recruited internationally, as part of an NIH multicenter OFC study. Hypocalcification and/or hypoplasia were identified from intraoral photographs using an electronic intake form. The defect location was classified as incisal, middle, or gingival third of the clinical crowns in primary and permanent dentitions. Case-Control differences were assessed using Fisher’s Exact test and Bonferroni correction was set at p-value=8.68E-5.
description: Results: Subjects with OFC showed significantly more hypoplasia vs. controls on FDI teeth #21 Gingival, p=1.6E-5, and #11 and #21 Middle, p=2.9E-6 and p=8.0E-11; respectively. Subjects with OFC showed significantly more diffuse hypocalcification vs. controls in the middle third (#11,21) and Incisal third (#11,21,31,32,33,41,42,43,44) with p-values ranging from 1.1E-6-5.0E-11. Controls had significantly more diffuse hypocalcification in the gingival third (#14,16,22,24,26) with p-values ranging from 1.1E-6-2.0E-13. No significant differences were found in the primary dentition or demarcated hypocalcification. Additional evaluation by sex or cleft-type is underway.
description: Conclusion: These finding indicate that subjects with OFC have more hypoplasia in the gingival and middle-thirds and diffuse hypocalcification in the incisal and middle-thirds of permanent teeth. This could result from a shared underlying etiology with the cleft defect or downstream effects of the corrective surgery on the surrounding dentition.
3803541.pdf
Creators: name: Cortese, Erika
name: Carusotto, Iacopo
name: Colombelli, Raffaele
name: De Liberato, Simone
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This document provides supplementary information to "Strong coupling of ionising transitions", including explicit derivations of the theoretical results presented in the main paper.
Microtubule-associated protein 1a: Analysis of its microtubule binding domain and its function in differentiating P19 neurons.
Creators: name: Vaillant, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Biology, Neuroscience.

description: The expression of several microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), including MAP1a, was examined in RA-induced P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) neurons. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that MAP1a and MAP1b were detected associated with microtubules (MTs) in undifferentiated cells while MAP2 was absent. At day 2, cells spontaneously formed aggregates and in these aggregates, MAP2 and increased amounts of MAP1b were detected in some cells. By day 4 of differentiation, neurite outgrowth was observed from these aggregates and MAP1a, MAP1b and MAP2 were colocalized with MTs in all neurites, including growth cones. HMW-MAP2 was restricted to the proximal regions of neurites and cell bodies. By day 8, substantial neurite outgrowth had occurred and MAP1a, MAP1b and MAP2 were seen in all processes. HMW-MAP2 was restricted to cell aggregates and largely absent from processes. At day 12, no further neurite outgrowth was evident and existing neurites were organized into fascicles, which were MAP1a, 1b and MAP2 positive but weaker than at day 4. Also, the restriction of HMW-MAP2 to aggregates was even more marked. Western blotting and ELISA showed that MAP1a, 1b and LMW-MAP2 protein levels increased during differentiation. Peak accumulation occurred no later than day 8, coinciding with the period of neurite outgrowth, and then decreased after day 8. HMW-MAP2 was absent in undifferentiated cells and increased steadily as development progressed. Juvenile tau appeared at day 4, and adult tau appeared at day 6. Both tau forms increased during development. These results show that MAP expression in serum-free differentiating P19 EC cells is similar to that seen in brain development, with the exception of MAP1a, which mirrors expression patterns seen only in axons. These observations suggest that MAP1a may modulate microtubule dynamics during neurite outgrowth. To determine how MAP1a interacts with MTs, several myc-tagged MAP1a fragments were expressed in P19 EC and HeLa cells. To investigate the role of LCs in MAP1a function during development, the expression of LC3 during the differentiation of P19 EC cells was characterized. The pattern of expression and effects on MT stability compared with MAP2 suggest that MAP1a is a weak stabilizer that functions in the growth of neurites and in the adult may function to mediate MT stabilization by other adult MAPs. LC3 may also play a role in the regulation of MAP1a function during neuronal differentiation. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
title: Less than ideal
title: the role of the ideal worker norm and fear of backlash on leave-taking policy utilization
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Montanye, Michael R.
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2025
Subjects: Fear of Backlash
Ideal Worker Norm
Work-Life
public abstract

description: The need for, and importance of, workplace policies to improve work-life balance is often discussed yet even when those policies exist, they can go underutilized. To increase understanding of policy underutilization, I draw from theory on backlash to propose that the strength of the Ideal Worker Norm within an individual’s environment impacts the amount of fear of backlash the individual feels regarding policy utilization, which impacts the individual’s decisions to avoid backlash by conforming to the norm (not utilizing policies) or escaping the norm (by leaving the organization). Family supportive supervisor behaviors are proposed to mitigate the negative relationship between Ideal Worker Norm Strength and fear of backlash.In a study of 500 full-time workers from a variety of organizations, I find that higher levels of Ideal Worker Norm Strength result in more fear of backlash and that more fear of backlash results in lower policy utilization intentions, but not turnover intentions. Family supportive supervisor behaviors had a direct negative impact on fear of backlash but not the proposed moderating effect. Results also showed that referent Ideal Worker Norm Strengths vary in importance based on the referents’ proximity and salience to the outcome. Results also showed that the types of fear of backlash (social and economic) can vary in importance and impacts on outcomes. Overall, the findings suggest that fear of backlash for violating the Ideal Worker Norm provides a partial explanation for leave taking policy underutilization. Future research avenues to explore are discussed.
The relation between systemic inflammation and cognition in healthy elderly participants
Creators: name: Tangestani Fard, Masoumeh
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Many advanced and developing countries are experiencing a super-aged society. Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive ability, which can lead to decrease an independent, high functioning life, and create a significant economic burden on society. It has been hypothesized that inflammation is related to cognition. Inflammation is a highly complex and dynamic process of the immune system that restores and preserves tissue homeostasis. The results of the current thesis research indicates that low-grade systemic inflammation is associated with poorer cognitive function in a highly controlled healthy population. Our results may lead to new interventions that reduce inflammation and improve cognitive function in the elderly.
The cultural politics of place naming in Quebec: Toponymic negotiation and struggle in Aboriginal territories.
Creators: name: Nieminen, Anna.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Language, Modern.

description: In an analysis of the cultural politics of place naming in Aboriginal territories, and in Baie James/Eeyou Istchee particularly, I trace the themes of "myth-making as it relates to identity" and "knowledge is power" through a cycle of learning about the meaning of naming from the perspectives of "Hearing With a Non-Native Ear", "Hearing With a Native Ear" and "Speaking With Names Across Cultures" I argue that although Quebecois myth-making responds to, or is alternative to, the federalist construction of a national identity, it shares with it certain themes about Aboriginal peoples and places (i.e. the North). But, there are also some distinguishing sub-themes in Quebecois nationalist discourse, such as the greater importance of hydro-electric development in the 'North as hinterland' theme and the greater importance of Aboriginal place names in the 'North as heritage' theme. I use a harvesting metaphor to describe how the Commission de toponymie, which has the power to officialize names in Quebec, transforms Aboriginal place names into Quebecois cultural resources. On the other hand, Aboriginal peoples in the north of Quebec, including the Cree nation, tend to a perception of the 'North as homeland' and place names as "stories" about the environment, history and culture. When these two perceptions of places and place names meet in the same 'garden', toponymic negotiation and struggle ensue, for naming is personal and political. I conclude that when Aboriginal place names are examined and presented with their 'roots' intact (in cultural context), we can gain an appreciation for how place names and place naming are integral to Aboriginal resistance to cultural and territorial appropriation.
The system test of the ZEUS microvertex detector: Calibration and digitisation of the detector signals
Creators: name: Adler, Volker
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: thesis
semiconductor detector: vertex
semiconductor detector: microstrip
luminosity: upgrade
signal processing
data acquisition
ZEUS
DESY HERA Stor

description: Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 2002; 132 pp., (2002). doi:10.3204/DESY-THESIS-2002-032
description: Published by Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Favorable longitudinal change of lung function in patients with asthma-COPD overlap from a COPD cohort
Creators: name: Park, Hye Y
name: Lee, Suh-Young
name: Kang, Danbee
name: Cho, Juhee
name: Lee, Hyun
name: Lim, Seong Y
name: Yoon, Ho I
name: Ra, Seung W
name: Kim, Ki U
name: Oh, Yeon-Mok
name: Sin, Don D
name: Lee, Sang-Do
name: Park, Yong B
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Background: The recognition of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) as a distinct phenotype of COPD or asthma has increased. Although ACO has worse clinical features than non-ACO COPD, limited information is available on long-term outcomes of lung function decline for ACO and non-ACO COPD. Methods: COPD patients with at least 3 years of follow-up were selected from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease cohort. ACO was defined based on 3 major criteria: 1) airflow limitation in individuals 40 years of age and older, 2) ≥10 pack-years of smoking history, and 3) a history of asthma or bronchodilator response of > 400 mL in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at baseline; and at least 1 minor criterion: 1) history of atopy or allergic rhinitis, 2) two separated bronchodilator responses of ≥12% and 200 mL in FEV1, or 3) peripheral blood eosinophils ≥300 cells/μL. Lung function decline was compared using a linear mixed effects model for longitudinal data with random intercept and random slope. Results: Among 239 patients, 47 were diagnosed with ACO (19.7%). During the follow-up period, change in smoking status, use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2-agonists or ICS and at least 2 exacerbations per year were similar between patients with non-ACO COPD and ACO. Over a median follow-up duration of 5.8 years, patients with non-ACO COPD experienced a faster annual decline in pre-bronchodilator FEV1 than patients with ACO (− 29.3 ml/year vs. -13.9 ml/year, P = 0.042), which was persistent after adjustment for confounders affecting lung function decline. Conclusion: Patients with ACO showed favorable longitudinal changes in lung function compared to COPD patients over a median follow-up of 5.8 years.
Gravitational-wave cosmology across 29 decades in frequency
Creators: name: Lasky, Paul D.
name: Mingarelli, Chiara M. F.
name: Smith, Tristan L.
name: Giblin, John T.
name: Thrane, Eric
name: Reardon, Daniel
name: Caldwell, Robert
name: Bailes, Matthew
name: Ramesh Bhat, N. D.
name: Burke-Spolaor, Sarah
name: Dai, Shi
name: Dempsey, James
name: Hobbs, George
name: Kerr, Matthew
name: Levin, Yuri
name: Manchester, Richard N.
name: Oslowski, Stefan
name: Ravi, Vikram
name: Rosado, Pablo A.
name: Shannon, Ryan
name: Spiewak, Renée
name: van Straten, Willem
name: Toomey, Lawrence
name: Wang, Jingbo
name: Wen, Linqing
name: You, Xiaopeng
name: Zhu, Xingjiang
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 5101
subject: Astronomical sciences
classificationCode: 5109
subject: Space sciences

description: Quantum fluctuations of the gravitational field in the early Universe, amplified by inflation, produce a primordial gravitational-wave background across a broad frequency band. We derive constraints on the spectrum of this gravitational radiation, and hence on theories of the early Universe, by combining experiments that cover 29 orders of magnitude in frequency. These include Planck observations of cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization power spectra and lensing, together with baryon acoustic oscillations and big bang nucleosynthesis measurements, as well as new pulsar timing array and ground-based interferometer limits. While individual experiments constrain the gravitational-wave energy density in specific frequency bands, the combination of experiments allows us to constrain cosmological parameters, including the inflationary spectral index nt and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r . Results from individual experiments include the most stringent nanohertz limit of the primordial background to date from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array, ΩGW(f )<2.3 ×10-10 . Observations of the cosmic microwave background alone limit the gravitational-wave spectral index at 95% confidence to nt≲5 for a tensor-to-scalar ratio of r =0.11 . However, the combination of all the above experiments limits nt<0.36 . Future Advanced LIGO observations are expected to further constrain nt<0.34 by 2020. When cosmic microwave background experiments detect a nonzero r , our results will imply even more stringent constraints on nt and, hence, theories of the early Universe.