cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Securing of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) against security threats using human immune system
Creators: name: Fotohi, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: UASs form a large part of the fighting ability of the advanced military forces. In particular, these systems that carry confidential information are subject to security attacks. Accordingly, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been proposed in the proposed design to protect against the security problems using the human immune system (HIS). The IDSs are used to detect and respond to attempts to compromise the target system. Since the UASs operate in the real world, the testing and validation of these systems with a variety of sensors is confronted with problems. This design is inspired by HIS. In the mapping, insecure signals are equivalent to an antigen that are detected by antibody-based training patterns and removed from the operation cycle. Among the main uses of the proposed design are the quick detection of intrusive signals and quarantining their activity. Moreover, SUAS-HIS method is evaluated here via extensive simulations carried out in NS-3 environment. The simulation results indicate that the UAS network performance metrics are improved in terms of false positive rate, false negative rate, detection rate, and packet delivery rate.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures, 10 tables, 8 equations, Journal
BESZÁLLÍTÓVÁ VÁLÁS FOLYAMATA A MAGYAR AUTÓIPARBAN
Creators: name: Morauszki, Kinga
name: Lajos, Attila
name: Morauszki, Kinga
name: Lajos, Attila
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: beszállító
subject: beszállítói státusz
subject: kiválasztás
subject: kritériumok
subject: supplier
subject: supplier’s status
subject: selection
subject: criterions

description: Jelen tanulmány célja az autóipari beszállítók felé támasztott vevői követelmények ismertetése, melyeknek eleget kell tenni annak érdekében, hogy a beszállítói státuszt elérve üzleti partnerkapcsolatba léphessenek az adott autóipari vevő vállalattal. A szerző különböző hazai és nemzetközi háttérirodalom feldolgozásával ad rövid áttekintést arra vonatkozóan, hogy mi jellemzi napjainkban a beszállítóvá válás folyamatát illetően, továbbá bemutatja, hogy milyen problémákkal, illetve nehézségekkel kell szembe nézniük a potenciális vállalatoknak, amelyek az autóiparban a beszállítói státusz eléréséért versenyeznek. A tanulmány célja egy irodalmi áttekintés, mely a szerző PhD kutatásának elméleti alapjait hivatott összefoglalni, ezáltal egyfajta kiinduló pontot jelent a gyakorlati alkalmazás során. --------------------------------------------------------- This study briefly presents the requirements that must be kept by the suppliers in order to get the supplier’s status. It is essential so that they can establish business contact with this company that is in the automotive industry. This article gives short review with the help of specialized literature that was written both national and overseas. This is gives information about what features the process that can result in becoming a supplier in Hungary. This study demonstrates through particular companies what kind of problems and difficulties potential companies have to face while competing to get the status of the supplier. The aim of this study is a literature review which has summarized the theoretical ground of the PhD research of the author, so that means a kind of a starting point in the practice.
Le principali determinanti del processo di localizzazione dei centri finanziari in Europa
Creators: name: Calise, Gianluca
name: Paladino, Giovanna
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: G150

description: This paper examines how the driving forces in the location process of finan-cial centres have changed during the last decade. Several elements contrib-uted to enhance the level of competition between European capital markets. The outcome of this process has been an increase in the efficiency of trading mechanisms, the creation of new exchanges or quasi exchanges, a large num-ber of mergers and new links among markets. We argue that the lack of regu-latory harmonisation and common supervisory rules may prevent - in the short run at least - the emergence of a single financial centre in Europe. JEL Codes: G150
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 52, N. 207 (1999)
"Only connect!" : engaging online with texts and with peers
Creators: name: Johnson, Kerry Leigh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This research study of a mixed-mode first year English literature course on argumentative prose essays analyzed learners' social practices and online discourse in order to identify ways in which learners engaged with one another and with texts. Discourse analysis provided a better understanding of the ways in which students negotiated conflicting identities, values, and ways of thinking through the act of composition. Findings identified aspects of the online environment that facilitated students' acquisition of academic discourse and ways in which participation in online discussion enabled students to become full participants in the academic community.
title: Understanding Teachers' Engagement in Inquiry-Based Professional Development
Creators: name: Ashour, Subhi
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: This study investigates how a UK Secondary School introduced inquiry as a form of teacher professional development and focuses on the levels of engagement by the teachers in this type of development activity. The approach taken in this investigation centres on a qualitative case study focusing on a deep understanding of teachers’ beliefs, conceptions and experiences of inquiry engagement. Data was collected over an academic year by interviewing nine teachers and a senior member of the school leadership team at different stages throughout the academic year; by observing teachers in some of their classes and the staffroom; and by collecting internal documents and external public reports related to the school and the inquiry programme. The data was analysed using thematic coding which facilitated the identification and comparison of significant themes across all data sets. Findings from the research reveal that despite the school’s attempts to engage teachers in inquiry, the latter found it challenging to do so due to various factors. The analysis reveals the emerging factors of the conceptualisation of inquiry, availability of resources and ownership of the inquiry initiative and the impact of school culture on teachers’ inquiry engagement. The question of the appropriateness of inquiry as a form of professional development and the way it is facilitated in school emerges as a key theme. The study claims three main contributions to the field of teacher inquiry. Firstly, it proposes incorporating a micropolitical perspective of the school culture to investigate the realities of teachers’ inquiry work. The study argues through empirical illustration that such a perspective is likely to provide us with invaluable insights necessary to understand teachers’ conceptualisation of inquiry and their inquiry engagement. Secondly, this study proposes a categorisation of various types of teachers’ inquiry engagement. Such categorisation is likely to help us understand how and why teachers engage in inquiry and therefore the best ways to facilitate this type of professional development. Finally, the current study advances a framework illustrating various processes, interacting factors and main considerations in the context of inquiry as a form of professional development for teachers. The framework explains how teachers respond to an inquiry programme and the conditions that facilitate their inquiry engagement or otherwise. This contribution has practical implications for schools and practitioners interested in undertaking inquiry as a form of professional development. It is argued that the practical implications are likely to improve the planning and implementation of inquiry programmes in schools.
A MEGÚJULÓ ENERGIAFORRÁSOK HASZNÁLATÁNAK MEGÍTÉLÉSE KIVÁLASZTOTT JELLEMZŐK SZERINT ÉSZAK-MAGYARORSZÁGI BORVIDÉKEKEN
Creators: name: Dupcsák, Zsolt
name: Nagy-Kovacs, Erika
name: Holló, Ervin
name: Marselek, Sándor
name: Dupcsák, Zsolt
name: Nagy-Kovacs, Erika
name: Holló, Ervin
name: Marselek, Sándor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Észak-Magyarország
subject: borvidék
subject: biomassza
subject: megújuló energia
subject: szőlővenyige
subject: fűtési módok
subject: közbiztonság
subject: Northern Hungary
subject: wine region
subject: biomass
subject: renewable energy
subject: grape vines
subject: heating methods
subject: public safety

description: A fosszilis energiaforrások kimerülésével előtérbe kerül a megújuló- és megújítható energiaforrások használata, mely tevékenység csökkenti energiafüggőség-ünket. Ennek megoldási módjait vizsgáltuk a mátrai és az egri borvidékeken – szőlész-borász szakemberek körében, kérdőíves felméréssel. Részletesen elemeztük a szőlővenyige felhasználás lehetőségeit, a fűtési módok elfogadottságát, valamint a megújuló energiafelhasználás megítélését. Az adatokat SPSS 18:0 program segítségével dolgoztuk fel. A vizsgálat alapján megállapítható, hogy a megkérdezettek fontosnak tartják a megújuló energiaforrások használatát, valamint a szőlővenyige felhasználását energiatermelésre. A fejlesztés terén mindent megelőző prioritásként jelentkezett a közbiztonság garantálása. -------------------------------------------------------- In parallel with the depletion of fossil energy resources the use of renewable energy sources is being promoted, which reduces our energy dependence. The possible solutions for this were examined in the Gyöngyös and Eger wine regions by means of a questionnaire survey among professional viticulturists. The possible uses of grape vines, the accepted modes of heating as well as the level of approval of renewable energy were scrutinised. The obtained data was processed with SPSS 18:0. On the basis of this study it can be stated that the respondents consider the use of renewable energy and the utilisation of grape vines for energy production important. Concerning further development the greatest priority, however, is public safety.
Il caso Microsoft
Creators: name: Sabbatini, Pierluigi
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: L400, L860

description: The Microsoft case (U.S. vs Microsoft, 1998) is paradigmatic of some of the most important features of an antitrust case, like the definition of relevant markets, the possession of market power and of its abuse. In the software in-dustry companies compete over the standard of interconnection, which can be provided at various levels in the production chain, and the competitive environment cannot therefore be restricted to the typical relevant antitrust market. Not only on account of the problems in defining the antitrust mar-ket in a sensible way but also for other crucial reasons we encountered some difficulty in determining Microsoft's market power with the traditional methods. Hence a new definition of market power has been produced. Within this new framework we have been able to give a precise content to the statement that Microsoft has a market power, which is the pivotal point of the case. We have also shown that changes in the market structure, like the acquisition of Netscape by America on Line, could have substantially lessened this market power to the point where antitrust action is no longer desirable. JEL Codes: L400, L860
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 52, N. 207 (1999)
title: Development and evaluation of a virtual reality adventure game for the virtualizer
Creators: name: Broneder, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Immersive Virtual Reality
subject: Immersive Virtual Reality

description: This thesis describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a virtual reality (VR) adventure game for the Virtualizer, the PrioVR and the Oculus Rift. First an overview is given about the state-of-the art in terms of head-mounted displays (HMDs), motion capture suits, game motion controllers and technologies for walking in virtual reality. Further, an overview is given about already developed VR games. Cybersickness is a major problem in VR games. There are three theories that try to explain the process of becoming cybersick, which are described in this thesis. Further, factors that can influence the possibility of getting cybersick are mentioned and approaches that can reduce the occurrence of cybersickness are described. In VR it is necessary to be able to interact in the virtual world like in the real world as well as seeing your own virtual body that follows your real-world movements to create a feeling of presence in the virtual world. Recent technologies enable this kind of interaction for the casual player at home. Up to now, no game has been developed that uses the combination of the Oculus Rift, the PrioVR and the Virtualizer. Therefore this thesis describes the development of a VR game for these technologies. User tests were conducted to find out about how good the interaction with these technologies is working and if the participants get cybersick. Further, design guidelines are discussed and technical problems that occurred during the user tests are described.
pQCD running couplings finite and monotonic in the infrared: when do they reflect the holomorphic properties of spacelike observables?
Creators: name: Contreras, Carlos
name: Cvetic, Gorazd
name: Orellana, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a large class of perturbative QCD (pQCD) renormalization schemes whose beta functions $β(a)$ are meromorphic functions of the running coupling and give finite positive value of the coupling $a(Q^2)$ in the infrared regime ("freezing"), $a(Q^2) \to a_0$ for $Q^2 \to 0$. Such couplings automatically have no singularities on the positive axis of the squared momenta $Q^2$ ($ \equiv -q^2$). Explicit integration of the renormalization group equation (RGE) leads to the implicit (inverted) solution for the coupling, of the form $\ln (Q^2/Q^2_{\rm in}) = {\cal H}(a)$. An analysis of this solution leads us to an algebraic algorithm for the search of the Landau singularities of $a(Q^2)$ on the first Riemann sheet of the complex $Q^2$-plane, i.e., poles and branching points (with cuts) outside the negative semiaxis. We present specific representative examples of the use of such algorithm, and compare the found Landau singularities with those seen after the 2-dimensional numerical integration of the RGE in the entire first Riemann sheet, where the latter approach is numerically demanding and may not always be precise. The specific examples suggest that the presented algebraic approach is useful to find out whether the running pQCD coupling has Landau singularities and, if yes, where precisely these singularities are.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures; v4: minor changes in the text, extended Sec.III, slightly changed input parameter in Sec.IV, additional Fig.9; version published in J. Phys. Commun
Attività conoscitiva sull'Irap. Relazione finale
Creators: name: Riforma Fiscale, Commissione Bicamerale
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: H25

description: The article is the final report on TRAP of the Italian Parliamentary Commis-sion on Fiscal Reform (including both members of the Senate and of the Chamber of Deputies). TRAP, a regional tax on productive activities newly introduced two years ago, is levied on value added (including interest pay-ments) produced by individual and corporate firms and professional activi-ties. It comes in substitution of a number of previous taxes (additional profit tax, health contributions on payroll and others). The Report analyses the impact of IRAP on firms' behaviour and the shifting of conveniences in adopting labour or capital saving productive pro-cesses, and its short-period impact on labour costs. It also analyses how tax burden is redistributed among firms. Finally, the Report reviews costs and benefits arising from possible revisions aimed at lowering the cost of labour and benefiting small firms. JEL Code: H25.
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 52, N. 208 (1999)
Mercato monetario, banche e nuove procedure di controllo della banca centrale
Creators: name: Marinelli, Maria Luisa
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: E51, E52

description: Does central bank keep the control of bank deposits and bank rates by influ-encing the very short interest rate (overnight) on the money market? The article focuses on liquidity management under two different bank ap-proaches. If bank is a creator of deposits, bank liquidity management influences bank rates, but deposits (money) tend to become endogenous. While, if bank operates as intermediary among competitive markets, either bank rates or deposits are endogenously determined, and monetary rates become the price that equilibrate banking activity. Official rate adjustments have only the function of signalling the new range of equilibrating rates to banking operators. JEL Codes: E51, E52
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 52, N. 208 (1999)
The gluon and ghost propagator and the influence of Gribov copies
Creators: name: Sternbeck, A.
name: Ilgenfritz, E. -M.
name: Mueller-Preussker, M.
name: Schiller, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of the Landau gauge gluon and ghost propagators on the choice of Gribov copies is studied in pure SU(3) lattice gauge theory. Whereas the influence on the gluon propagator is small, the ghost propagator becomes clearly affected by the copies in the infrared region. We compare our data with the infrared exponents predicted by the Dyson-Schwinger equation approach
description: Talk presented at Lattice2004(topology), Fermilab, June 21-26, 2004, 3 pages, 3 figures
Finanziamento della produzione e "finance motive" in Keynes
Creators: name: Figuera, Stefano
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: B22, E12

description: The paper considers whether the Keynesian "finance motive" discussed in the 1937-39 articles represents a development of Keynes' monetary theory, as well as its connections with the analysis conducted in his previous writ-ings. In this study the financing of production is considered as a development of the Treatise on Money in the overall Keynesian thought. If elements were provided to complete the view of Keynes' theoretical work in the articles published after the General Theory, this development must be seen as strictly connected to the first of Keynes' main works. The consideration of Keynesian monetary analysis as a whole is also im-portant to understand better the basic role of the banking system. The issu-ing money from the banks is a tool for the start and the development of the productive process and a factor influencing the income distribution. JEL Codes: B22, E12
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 52, N. 208 (1999)
Supplementary Material from Variations in nonlocal interaction range lead to emergent chase-and-run in heterogeneous populations
Creators: name: Painter, Kevin
name: Giunta, Valeria
name: Potts, Jonathan
name: Bernardi, Sara
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 490102
subject: Biological mathematics

description: Supplementary Materials Description.docx
ANALISIS DE RENTABILIDAD DEL CULTIVO DE ALGODÓN EN SONORA
Creators: name: Retes López, Rafael
name: Moreno Medina, Salomón
name: Denogean Ballesteros, Francisco
name: Martín Rivera, Martha
name: Ibarra Flores, Fernando
name: Retes López, Rafael
name: Moreno Medina, Salomón
name: Denogean Ballesteros, Francisco
name: Martín Rivera, Martha
name: Ibarra Flores, Fernando
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Cotton
subject: profitability
subject: working capital
subject: benefit-cost decisions.

description: It is considered that the problem of agriculture is a problem where agribusiness structures are vulnerable to factors such as inflation, interest rates, exchange rate, market, have internal weaknesses such as lack of organization, lack of credit and profitability, among others. A key factor is agribusiness production efficiency which is necessary to be competitive and take advantage of all available resources. Cotton is a highly social culture and generating direct labor and indirect as they produce a number of products from its original state as is original cotton. Initiate removed on average 35% for manufacturing cotton fabrics and feather yarn, 54% of seed for sowing and edible oil extraction and industrial and other products for the livestock industry in its various forms. To determine the profitability of growing cottonseed series of financial tools such as working capital, cost-benefit ratio, equilibrium point, sensitivity analysis and the calculation of interest expense. For the first one requires the amount of $29.375 to cover then needs the entire production cycle, the B /C was 1.24 while in point of equilibrium is reached starting at 2.98t /ha. Regarding the sensitivity analysis show sensitive to changes in prices and yields and the financial cost was $1,665per hectare. With these indicators, once known to the producer, it may decide to continue or change the crop pattern to more profitable crops.
title: Programmiereinstieg durch App-Entwicklung
Creators: name: Ducic, Eldin
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programmieren lernen
subject: App-Entwicklung
subject: Curriculum
subject: Unterrichtsszenarien
subject: programming learning
subject: app-development
subject: curriculum
subject: teaching scenario

description: Programmieren gilt als eine komplexe Disziplin, deren Erlernen häufig mit Schwierigkeiten verbunden ist. Die Kompliziertheit der Konzepte, die eine Umstellung auf neue Denkmuster erfordern, geht oft mit Desinteresse und Verlust an Motivation zum Lernen einher. Diese Arbeit schlägt den Ansatz vor, Programmierkenntnisse durch Entwicklung von Apps zu vermitteln, um anhand der Verwendung von neuen Technologien und anwendungsnahen Programmierbeispielen motivationsfördernde Effekte zu erzielen. Sie gibt eine Antwort auf die Frage, wie der Einstieg ins Programmieren durch App-Entwicklung gestaltet werden kann und was für Aufgabenstellungen dafür geeignet sind. Dafür werden zunächst durch Literaturrecherche die Basiskonzepte des Programmierens festgelegt, sowie die häufigsten Hürden für Novizen identifiziert. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Prototyp eines Curriculums mit passenden Aufgaben didaktisch aufbereitet und anschließend anhand von Richtlinien aus einschlägiger Literatur und Argumentation evaluiert. Das zentrale Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist ein Curriculum mit entsprechenden Unterrichtsszenarien für Programmiereinsteiger, welche grundlegende Konzepte des Programmierens durch App-Entwicklung vermitteln. Novizen werden befähigt, einfache Anwendungs-Apps selbst zu erstellen, wodurch das Interesse und Motivation am Programmierunterricht gesteigert werden soll.
description: Programing is seen as a complex discipline, frequently associated with difficulties when being lerned. The complicity of the new concepts, which require new patterns of thought, often cause disinterest and loss of motivation for learning. This thesis suggests an apprach to teach programming by developing apps in order to foster motivation through the use of new technology and application oriented examples. It delivers an answer to the research question how an introduction to programming through app development could be designed and which assignment of tasks would be suitable for this purpose. After determining through literature research which concepts are to be included in an introductory course and identifying the barriers for novices to programming, a prototype curriculum with suitable tasks and exercises is accordingly designed and subsequently evaluated based on guidelines from literature and argumentation. The main outcome of the thesis is an introductory programming curriculum with examples and exercises adapted for app-development. Beginners are enabled to create simple apps on their own, which should increase the interest and motivation for learning how to program.
Stabilità dei prezzi ed equilibrio dei conti pubblici quale condizione per uno sviluppo duraturo
Creators: name: Ciampi, Carlo Azeglio
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: E65

description: The article illustrates Italy's economie recovery as part of a process of re­newal involving the institutions, every area of the economy and ltalian socie­tyas a whole. After the turning point in 1992, a generaI consensus emerged that European integration was necessary and fully consistent with the natio­nal interest. In this context, the three components of economie policy ­budgetary policy, incomes policy, monetary policy -are working in tandem, ensuring stability, the essential condition for any lasting and sustainable growth. Thus inflation has now been beaten; the balance of payments on current account has recorded increasing and substantial surpluses, and there has been a huge reduction in the budget deficit, with a large primary surplus. The sustainability of these results is ensured by the implementation of structural reforms: tax reform, reform of centraI government budget, reform of the civil service, pensions reform and reform of Italy's commercial system. JEL Codes: E65
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 51, N. 201 (1998)
Disoccupazione in Europa:fatti e proposte
Creators: name: Fiorito, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: E24

description: This paper evaluates the rise in unemployment due to both labour force and employment components. In Europe, the rise in unemployment mostly re­flects the weakness of employment response to activity levels, as when la­bour hoarding occurs. Yet, the relevance of labour force cannot be neglected whenever unemployment persistence is explained by turnover costs that ne­cessarily rely on labour force heterogeneity. Growth possibilities were redu­ced in Europe by excessive market regulations both in product and labour markets, so that removing rigidities in labour market only is economical1y insufficient and politically untenable. Finally, employment growth has also been damaged by excessive tax rates on labour, stemming from different combinations of social security and in come taxes. JEL Codes: E24
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 51, N. 201 (1998)
title: On the impact of classical program optimization on the WCET-behaviour
Creators: name: Eizinger, Benjamin
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: WCET
subject: Compiler
subject: Programmoptimierung

description: In real time systems every program has a time bound in which the execution has to be finished and therefore the worst case execution time (WCET) of such a program is a safety critical, non functional requirement as it obviously has to be below the time bound. To be sure of not violating the time bound usually a processor more powerful than necessary is employed. This is obviously a waste of resources and as such it is desirable to reduce the WCET. There is a vast array of available compiler program optimizations in modern compilers and it would be beneficial to harness their optimization potential. Those optimizations are usually developed with improvement of the average case execution time in mind and their effect on the WCET has not been studied yet in detail. This work aims to shed some light on the effects of classical compiler optimizations on the WCET of a selection of benchmark programs. To examine the effect of optimizations on the WCET of programs 33 different benchmarks have been selected from the well established Mälardalen Benchmark Suite and the WCET Tool Challenge 2014 Benchmark Suite. The WCET of the unoptimized programs have been compared to the WCET of the optimized cases. A safe optimization is one that guarantees to not degrade the WCET. The main results are: firstly, code motion in general is not safe, secondly, by replacing simple subexpressions (i.e. incrementing an index variable by one and constant expressions) the WCET usually cannot be improved and thirdly, function inlining appears to be a safe optimization as it never resulted in a degradation of the WCET.
Il debito pubblico italiano cento anni dopo
Creators: name: Canullo, Giuseppe
name: Pettenati, Paolo
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: H63

description: The public debt to GDP ratio has exceeded 100% on four occasions during the course of Italian economie history: at the end of last century, during the two World Wars and in the last decade. After the wars the ratio was brought down by high inflation (which destroyed the real value of debt). Today the ratio has to be lowered to 60% (Maastricht Treaty) through a tight budget policy in a context of price stability. We show that this target can be reached in 10-15 years without hindering the prospects of reducing unemployment. We point out that Italy has already successfully followed this policy a centu­ry ago, at the moment of the country's take-off. JEL Codes: H63
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 51, N. 201 (1998)
Dirac and Yang Monopoles Revisited
Creators: name: Meng, Guowu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dirac monopoles in 3-space and their generalization by C. N. Yang to 5-space are observed to be just the Levi-Civita spin connection of the cylindrical Riemannian metric on the 3- and 5- dimensional punctured spaces. Their straightforward generalization to higher dimensions is also investigated.
description: 6 pages, a reference is added
La natura e il funzionamento del capitalismo europeo: una prospettiva storica e comparativa
Creators: name: Maddison, Angus
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: O11

description: This paper provides quantitative intertemporal and international perspecti­ves for assessing performance in 16 European capitalist countries. 1950-73 was a golden age due to enlightened policy and once-for-all opportunities. The subsequent productivity slowdown had elements of inevitability given Western Europe's closer proximity to the technological frontier and the slowdown in progress at the frontier (in the lead country -USA). However, the slowdown was aggravated by pursuit of secundary, irrelevant or irratio­nal macropolicy goals, by microeconomic weddling and inflexible labour markets which have raised unemployment. East European transition has been hindered by Western Europe's obsession with is own integration. JEL Codes: O11
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 51, N. 201 (1998)
Die ökonomische Bewertung der Feldberegnung unter Berücksichtigung von Risiko und veränderter Wasserentnahmeerlaubnisse
Creators: name: Kellner, Ulla
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
name: Battermann, Henning W.
name: Kellner, Ulla
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
name: Battermann, Henning W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Wasserrahmenrichtlinie
subject: Feldberegnung
subject: gesamtbetrieblicher Risikoprogrammierungsansatz
subject: Risikoakzeptanz
subject: Water Framework Directive
subject: irrigation
subject: whole farm risk programming approach
subject: risk acceptance

description: Mit der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie hat die EU einen juristischen Rahmen geschaffen, alle aquatischen Ökosysteme zu schützen. Diese vornehmlich auf den Grundwasserschutz abzielende Maßnahme kann zu wirtschaftlichen Nachteilen für Landwirte führen. So wird die Feldberegnung als Möglichkeit genutzt, den ökonomischen Erfolg landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe zu verbessern. Gleichzeitig wird ihr eine wichtige Rolle als Risikomanagementinstrument zugestanden. In diesem Beitrag werden unter Anwendung eines erweiterten gesamtbetrieblichen Risikoprogrammierungsansatzes die Auswirkungen einer Reduzierung der Wasserentnahmeerlaubnisse unter Berücksichtigung der Risikoakzeptanz des Entscheiders analysiert. Dabei wird ein typischer Betrieb in Nordost-Niedersachsen betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ökonomischen Nachteile der Beschränkung der Wasserentnahmeerlaubnisse für den untersuchten Betrieb überproportional mit der Reglementierung ansteigen und bislang vielfach verwendete deterministische Bewertungsansätze diese Nachteile systematisch unterschätzen. The European Union has established the Water Framework Directive (WFD) as a legal framework to protect all aquatic ecological systems including groundwater. This directive is primarily aiming at water protection and may have advantages for the water regime in sensitive areas. Nevertheless, it may also involve economic disadvantages for agricultural enterprises. In this paper we analyze the economic implications of the WFD for farmers using irrigation, i.e., the negative economic consequences for farms resulting from a reduction of water withdrawal permits in the north-east of Lower Saxony. In a whole farm risk programming approach we show how much benefit farmers loose if the amount of water withdrawal permits is reduced. To avoid solutions that would possibly exceed the farmers’ risk tolerance, the apparently accepted standard deviation of the program’s total gross margin is used as an upper bound in the optimization. This should represent an observable reflection of the individual risk attitude of the farmers. The results demonstrate that deterministic approaches do not consider all economic impacts caused by the reduction of water withdrawal permits as well as that risk has to be considered.
L'industria e la finanza europea nella competizione internazionale (European industry and finance face world competition)
Creators: name: Prodi, Romano
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Economic Programs, Administration of Economic Programs, Economic aspects, European Monetary System
subject: F15, 011

description: The paper, presented as the “Jean Monnet Lecture” at the European University Institute in Florence on March 20th, 1998, evaluates the current situation and perspective of European industry and finance in the face of world competition. In the context of the European Economic and Monetary Union, the author, Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi, proposes strategic guidelines for European industrial policy. He suggests that the economic integration should force the industry and finance sectors to reconsider their roles, and that it should be coupled with political integration to be more effective. JEL Codes: F15, 011
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 51, N. 202 (1998)
La misura della pressione fiscale in rapporto al prodotto interno lordo in luogo del prodotto interno netto:un capitolo dell'illusione fiscale (The Measurement of ‘Fiscal Burden’ on GDP instead of on National Net Value Added Produced: ... )
Creators: name: Forte, Francesco
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: GDP, National Net Value Added Produced, Tax burden, Public economy
subject: H20, H21

description: The Measurement of ‘Fiscal Burden’ on GDP instead of on National Net Value Added Produced: A Chapter in Fiscal Illusion The work calls attention to a major macroeconomic fiscal illusion: that arising from the current official practice of expressing the main fiscal indicators, and particularly the tax burden, as a percentage of GDP rather than NDPF (Net Domestic Product at Factor Costs). This methodology causes a systematic undervaluation of the tax burden, by something between 25% (Sweden and Austria) and 15% (Switzerland). Correctly measured, the tax burden in most European countries is above 50% and in the Nordic countries above 65%, or close to it! Thus, tax payers are deceived about the true cost and size of the public economy. GDP’s origin and widespread adoption is examined as well as the development of the notion of national income adopted to assess the tax burden. JEL Codes: H20, H21
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 51, N. 202 (1998)
Der zustandsabhängige Ansatz in der mathematischen Optimierung
Creators: name: Berg, Ernst
name: Berg, Ernst
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: zustandsabhängiger Ansatz
subject: mathematische Programmierung
subject: Risikomanagement
subject: state contingent approach
subject: mathematical programming
subject: risk management

description: Die starke Abhängigkeit von exogen determinierten Zuständen der Welt (Wetter, Krankheiten, Schädlinge etc.) ist konstituierendes Element der meisten landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsprozesse. Während diese Zustandsabhängigkeit auf der einen Seite eine Unsicherheitssituation entstehen lässt, eröffnet sie auf der anderen Seite auch vielfache Möglichkeiten, auf das Eintreffen bestimmter Zustände flexibel zu reagieren (z.B. durch Beregnung oder Schädlingsbekämpfung). Ein Konzept, das diesem Zusammenhang im Prinzip Rechnung trägt, ist der auf CHAMBERS und QUIGGIN zurückgehende sog. zustandsabhängige Ansatz. Dieser beinhaltet die zustandsabhängige Abbildung des Produktionsprozesses unter Unsicherheit als Basis für eine realitätsnahe Repräsentation sowohl individueller Entscheidungsprozesse als auch der daraus resultierenden Marktreaktionen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem zustandsabhängigen Ansatz im Kontext der mathematischen Programmierung. Er beginnt mit der Darlegung der konzeptionellen Grundlagen des Ansatzes und konzentriert sich dann auf seine Umsetzung im Rahnen der mathematischen Optimierung unter Unsicherheit. Der Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Konzepten der mathematischen Programmierung anhand eines Beispiels dokumentiert einerseits die konzeptionelle Überlegenheit des zustandsabhängigen Ansatzes, verdeutlicht gleichzeitig aber auch die aus seiner Komplexität resultierenden methodischen Herausforderungen. The strong dependence on exogenously determined states of nature (weather, diseases, pests, etc.) is a constituent element of most agricultural production processes. While this state contingency creates uncertainties, it likewise offers various possibilities to react to particular states of nature (e.g. through irrigation or pest management). A concept which in principle accounts for these contexts is the so called state contingent approach originally developed by CHAMBERS and QUIGGIN. This approach comprises the state contingent depiction of the production process under uncertainty as basis for a realistic representation of individual decision making as well as the resulting market reactions. The following article deals with the state contingent approach in the context of mathematical programming. It starts with the description of the conceptual foundations of the approach and subsequently focuses on its implementation in the context of mathematical programming under uncertainty. The comparison with conventional mathematical programming approaches using an example documents the conceptual advantage of the state contingent approach, but also clarifies the methodical challenges which result from its complexity.
Uniformizing the Stacks of Abelian Sheaves
Creators: name: Hartl, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G09 (Primary) 11G18, 14L05 (Secondary)

description: Elliptic sheaves (which are related to Drinfeld modules) were introduced by Drinfeld and further studied by Laumon--Rapoport--Stuhler and others. They can be viewed as function field analogues of elliptic curves and hence are objects "of dimension 1". Their higher dimensional generalisations are called abelian sheaves. In the analogy between function fields and number fields, abelian sheaves are counterparts of abelian varieties. In this article we study the moduli spaces of abelian sheaves and prove that they are algebraic stacks. We further transfer results of Cerednik--Drinfeld and Rapoport--Zink on the uniformization of Shimura varieties to the setting of abelian sheaves. Actually the analogy of the Cerednik--Drinfeld uniformization is nothing but the uniformization of the moduli schemes of Drinfeld modules by the Drinfeld upper half space. Our results generalise this uniformization. The proof closely follows the ideas of Rapoport--Zink. In particular, analogies of $p$-divisible groups play an important role. As a crucial intermediate step we prove that in a family of abelian sheaves with good reduction at infinity, the set of points where the abelian sheaf is uniformizable in the sense of Anderson, is formally closed.
description: Final version, appears in "Number Fields and Function Fields - Two Parallel Worlds", Papers from the 4th Conference held on Texel Island, April 2004, edited by G. van der Geer, B. Moonen, R. Schoof
Razionamento del credito e dimensioni di impresa (Credit rationing and firm size)
Creators: name: Calcagnini, Giorgio
name: Iacobucci, Donato
name: Ticchi, Davide
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Credit rationing, firm discrimination, Stiglitz-Wiess model
subject: D82, G21

description: This paper examines the likelihood of credit rationing faced by firms of dif­ferent size. Cantrary to common thought, several recent contributions on this topic argue that, when rationing credit, size alone is not a sufficient con­dition for discriminating between firms. We show that this result can be predicted using a framework based on the Stiglitz-Weiss model. In particular, in an environment of asymmetric information, we highlight how the likeli­hood of credit rationing depends upon the shape of the,distribution function of project returns, especially its asymmetry and Kurtosis. Our empirical re­sults do not support the hypothesis that small firms face more credit ration­ing than larger firms. JEL Codes: D82, G21
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 51, N. 202 (1998)
Wholeness as a Conceptual Foundation of Physical Theories
Creators: name: Piechocinska, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A description of physical reality in which wholeness is the foundation is discussed along with the motivation for such an attempt. As a possible mathematical framework within which a physical theory based on wholeness may be expressed, elementary embeddings along with the Wholeness Axiom are suggested. It is shown how features of wholeness such as wholeness being indescribable, more than the sum of parts, locally accessible and giving rise to a self-similar, or holographic, type of order are reflected in the mathematics. It is also shown how all the sets in the mathematical universe may be expressed as emerging from the dynamics of wholeness. Moreover, it is indicated how the mathematics may be further developed so as to connect up with a physical interpretation.
description: 12 pages, 1 eps figure, submitted to "Physics Essays"
Governi e governatori (Governments and governors)
Creators: name: Mantovani, Silvio
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Italian monetary policy, Banca d’Italia, Central bank independence
subject: E58

description: Banca d'Italia's almost absolute autonomy only partly depends on the evolu­tion of the economic thought; it is the outcome of the interaction of several political and institutional causes which determined a deep change in Italian monetary constitution. Italian experience shows that changes in monetary constitution must keep pace with changes in fiscal constitution. This is not easy, because the impact of the latter on the incentives and links which influ­ence politicians' behaviour is much stronger than the impact of the former. JEL Codes: E58
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 51, N. 202 (1998)
Modularizing Deep Learning via Pairwise Learning With Kernels
Creators: name: Duan, Shiyu
name: Yu, Shujian
name: Principe, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: By redefining the conventional notions of layers, we present an alternative view on finitely wide, fully trainable deep neural networks as stacked linear models in feature spaces, leading to a kernel machine interpretation. Based on this construction, we then propose a provably optimal modular learning framework for classification that does not require between-module backpropagation. This modular approach brings new insights into the label requirement of deep learning: It leverages only implicit pairwise labels (weak supervision) when learning the hidden modules. When training the output module, on the other hand, it requires full supervision but achieves high label efficiency, needing as few as 10 randomly selected labeled examples (one from each class) to achieve 94.88% accuracy on CIFAR-10 using a ResNet-18 backbone. Moreover, modular training enables fully modularized deep learning workflows, which then simplify the design and implementation of pipelines and improve the maintainability and reusability of models. To showcase the advantages of such a modularized workflow, we describe a simple yet reliable method for estimating reusability of pre-trained modules as well as task transferability in a transfer learning setting. At practically no computation overhead, it precisely described the task space structure of 15 binary classification tasks from CIFAR-10.
L'articolazione territoriale del sistema bancario: aspetti teorici e alcune evidenze empiriche per la Campania (The Geographical articulation of the banking system: Theoretical aspects and some empirical evidence for Campania)
Creators: name: Zazzaro, Alberto
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Italian Mezzogiorno, Regional Banking system, Local banking
subject: G21

description: The banking system of the Italian Mezzogiorno is living a difficult season. The major banks were absorbed by banks external to the area, while many small local banks are still operating in marginal market niches. Starting from this point, the paper deals with the problem of the geographical articulation of the banking system, and of the role of the local banks. The main conclu-sion is that local banks are indispensable for a regional banking system to be able to favour the regional economic development. However, local banks cannot remain isolated relying on informative advantages only, but they must become part of networks with both local and national banks. Finally, the paper analyses the structure and performance of Campania's regional banking system. JEL Codes: G21
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 51, N. 203 (1998)