Characterizing North American Ipomoea grandifolia (Convolvulaceae), a member of Ipomoea series batatas
Creators: name: Liao, Irene
name: Fulford, Avery
name: Ostevik, Kate
name: Rausher, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: morning glory
reproductive isolation
ipomoea grandifolia
Ipomoea
species delimitation
crossability

description: Species in the genus <em>Ipomoea </em>are often difficult to identify due to their similar morphologies and their ability to hybridize with one another. An undescribed North American <em>Ipomoea </em>morphotype in series <em>Batatas</em>, referred here as <em>Ipomoea</em> Carolina morphotype, was found to be morphologically, genetically, and reproductively isolated from other locally co-occurring <em>Ipomoea </em>species. A previous phylogenetic analysis that included a broader sampling of species in <em>Ipomoea</em> series <em>Batatas</em> suggested that <em>Ipomoea </em>Carolina morphotype may be <em>Ipomoea grandifolia</em>, a species described as found only in South America<em>.</em> To evaluate these findings, we tested intrinsic cross-compatibility between <em>Ipomoea </em>Carolina morphotype and <em>I. grandifolia</em> as well as with three other co-localizing North American <em>Ipomoea </em>species – <em>Ipomoea cordatotriloba</em>,<em> Ipomoea lacunosa</em>, and <em>Ipomoea leucantha</em>. We also examined genetic differentiation using single nucleotide polymorphisms from leaf transcriptomes from multiple individuals of all five species and several outgroup species. We find no cross-incompatibility and little genetic differentiation between <em>Ipomoea </em>Carolina morphotype and <em>Ipomoea grandifolia</em>, suggesting that<em> Ipomoea </em>Carolina morphotype is a representative of <em>Ipomoea grandifolia</em>. This finding raises additional questions about the origins of <em>Ipomoea grandifolia</em> in North America and how its disjunct distribution could play a role in the divergence of <em>Ipomoea grandifolia</em> in the future.
description: Most files, datasets, and scripts, can be found on https://github.com/itliao/Grandifolia (also via the linked zenodo URL). All other files are found here, found in dryadREADME.txt. In all raw files,<em> Ipomoea </em>Carolina morphotype is referred as <em>Ipomoea "austinii."</em>Funding provided by: National Science Foundation<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001<br>Award Number: DEB 1542387
description: We made pairwise crosses between individuals of these species: <em>Ipomoea </em>Carolina morphotype<em>, </em><em>Ipomoea grandifolia,</em> <em>Ipomoea cordatotriloba</em>,<em> Ipomoea lacunosa</em>, and <em>Ipomoea leucantha </em>to examine cross-compatibility in the form of seed set. We calculated summary statistics and fitted linear models to test for any reproductive barriers to seed set. We also examined genetic differentiation using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from leaf transcriptomes from multiple individuals of all five species and several outgroup species. We extracted RNA, had libraries made and sequenced, aligned all reads to the <em>I. lacunosa</em> draft genome, called SNPs, and performed cluster analyses in the form of PCA, neighbor-joining trees, and fastSTRUCTURE and ADMIXTURE.