Holops cyaneus
Creators: name: Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M.
name: Guzmán, Vicente Valdés
name: Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Acroceridae
Holops
Holops cyaneus

description: Holops cyaneus (Philippi, 1865: 645)
(Figs. 3–4, 16, 21)
Material examined: syntype: “San Juan, Valdivia, Chile ” (MNHNCL); other specimens: Chile. Coquimbo: El Ñague, 18.x.1976, Leg. K. Lohmar (IEUMCE); El Ñague, 26.10.1991, Leg. J. Solervicens (IEUMCE); Valparaíso: Valparaíso, xi.1967, Leg. W.H. Sifalí (MNHNCL); Caleta Horcón, 2.ii.1969, Leg. M. Cerda; Marga-Marga, x.1927, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); Santo Domingo, xii.1970, Leg. P. Ramírez (MNHNCL); M e t ro p o l i t a n a: La Obra, 1.xii.1991, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); La Obra, 850 m, 26.xii.2011, Leg. A. Ramírez (FRPC); Maule: Constitución, 5.ii.1984, Leg. C. de la Cuadra (MNHNCL); La Araucanía: Nahuelbuta National Park, 20.i.1981, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); Conguillio National Park, 13.ii.1979, Leg. J. Solervicens (IEUMCE); Los Ríos: Santo Domingo, Valdivia, 31.xii.1989, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH); Valdivia, 12.xii.1976, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH).
Type locality: San Juan, Valdivia, Chile (Philippi, 1865).
Diagnosis: shiny blue-violet species. Head black. Eyes with long blackish pilosity. Scutum with long and brownish pilosity. Katepisternum, meron, katatergite, katepimeron and anatergite opaque violet-bluish color. Legs dark brownish, excepting the tarsi, which are light brown-yellowish. Cell r 4+5 elongated and wide. Abdomen with oval shape in dorsal view and with double size of thorax.
Description: Length: 6.10 ± 0.19 mm; width: 2.06 ± 0.02 mm (head), 3.14 ± 0.05 mm (thorax) and 4.42 ± 0.08 mm (abdomen); wing: 6.00 ± 0.07 mm (n = 10); female: head: black; the size is similar to the height of thorax; antenna inserted in the middle of the head; scape and pedicelum black with similar size among them (Figs. 3–4); flagellum styliform two times and half longer than pedicelum and scape together approximately; in the last flagellomere, a thin black arista raise from apex; antennae shorter than total head length; eyes black with short and brownish ommatrichia; three small ocelli brownish with ocellar triangle shiny black, some protuberant and 5–12 yellowish hairs; occiput blackish with long brownish pilosity; mouth parts yellow; thorax: shiny violet-blue scutum with long, dense and brownish pilosity, sparse but uniformly distributed (Figs. 3–4); postocellar lobe shiny blue with long and brownish pilosity (Fig. 4); anterior spiracle with yellow pilosity; proepimeron and anepisternum shiny blue-violet color; katepisternum, meron, katatergite, katepimeron and anatergite opaque violet-bluish color; anepimeron with some pale hairs (Fig. 4); subalar sclerite brownish without pilosity; scutellum shiny blue-violet color with long and brownish pilosity; legs: coxa, trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi have violet-brownish color and covered with short and brown-yellowish pilosity; femora not swollen; tarsi have dense and light brownish pilosity (Fig. 4); black claws; wings: smoky and membranous appearance; all veins dark brown; R 1 and R 2+3 are closer among them; R 4 and R 5 slightly petiolated and separated in the distal part for 1/3 of length of each vein; M 1, M 2 and M 3+4 not reaching the wing margin and similar in size; cell r 4+5 elongated, with five sides and half of length of R 2+3 vein; cell m 3 with triangular shape and 1/3 length of r 4+5, connected to cell bm by a projection of m-cu vein (Fig. 16); halters brownish; calypter rim blackish and interior part is pale brownish with dense and long brownish pilosity; abdomen: strongly curved in 3rd tergite; in dorsal view oval shape with double size of thorax (Fig. 3); fully rough; all tergites shiny blue; tergites 1–4 with the same length and width; tergite 5–6 greatly reduced and not visible in dorsal view; all with long and black pilosity; all sclerite with brownish color; genitalia: cerci rounded in apex and brownish with short blackish pilosity; in dorsal view gonocoxa are brownish and posterior process of the gonocoxa curved inside (Fig. 21); male: similar to female, excepting the total size.
© 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan
Distribution: from Coquimbo region to Los Ríos region (Fig. 27).
Remarks: endemic species that inhabits several vegetation formations. The specific epithet “ cyaneus ” (= blue (English); azul (Spanish)) is a masculine adjective refers to the color of the body of this species. Following to Morrone (2015), this species inhabits from the Coquimban and Santiagan province in central Chile sub-region to Valdivian forest province in the subantartic sub-region. Schlinger (1987) reported that this spider fly parasites Exlinea (Amaurobiidae) spiders.
description: Published as part of Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2021, Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina, pp. 1-18 in Zoological Studies 60 (35) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-35, http://zenodo.org/record/8070503