cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessing Territoriality as a Component of Male Sexual Fitness in 'Drosophila serrata'
Creators: name: White, Alison
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2013
Subjects: sexual selection
drosophila serrata
condition dependence
territoriality

description: While the phenotypic effects of sexual selection have been well studied, the consequences for population mean fitness remain unclear. Additionally, there is a need to more fully characterize how various forms of inter- and intrasexual selection combine to affect the evolution of traits under sexual selection. Here, I address these issues as they relate to male territoriality in Drosophila serrata, a model system for the study of female preference for male pheromones. First, I demonstrate that territoriality occurs and is a likely component of male sexual fitness. Results from a phenotypic manipulation indicate that territorial success was also condition-dependent, and that sexual selection against low condition males tended to be stronger given a high opportunity for territory defense. Territorial success depended on body size but not on pheromones. How this and other components of male mating success interact to affect trait evolution and population mean fitness remains an important area for future study.
Schorn, Alois von
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1825

description: Ort: Baierdiessen
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
title: Influence of CF₃ Substituents on the Spin Crossover Behavior of Iron(II) Coordination Polymers with Schiff Base-like Ligands
Creators: name: Kurz, Hannah
name: Sander, Joan
name: Weber, Birgit
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Schiff base
subject: Iron
subject: Spin crossover
subject: Magnetic properties
subject: 540

description: A Schiff base‐like ligand bearing CF3 substituents was synthesized and converted to iron(II) coordination polymers [{FeL(Lax)}n] using five different bridging ligands Lax. The structure of the coordination polymers was investigated using powder X‐ray diffraction and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction in the case of [{FeL(bipy)}n]. The later revealed an untypical ABAB pattern of alternating equatorial ligands rotated by 180° with regard to each other along the chain. The temperature‐dependent magnetic behavior was investigated with a SQUID magnetometer and the spin states at room temperature were confirmed by 57Fe‐Mössbauer spectroscopy. Three out of five coordination polymers show spin crossover behavior in the temperature range between 50 and 400 K with different kind of curve progressions (abrupt, gradual, step‐wise). The other two coordination polymers are either fully highspin or fully low spin.
Solier, Felix & Co
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1825

description: Ort: Marseille
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
A Unique Role for Sarcolemmal Membrane Associated Protein Isoform 1 (SLMAP1) as a Regulator of Cardiac Metabolism and Endosomal Recycling
Creators: name: Dewan, Aaraf
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Metabolism
Cardiovascular Disease
Glucose
Lipid
SLMAP
GLUT4
Endosome
Recycling
Heart
Trafficking
Metabolic disorders
Glycolysis
Diabetes
SNARE
Membrane biology
Bioenergetics

description: Altered glucose metabolism is the underlying factor in many metabolic disorders, including diabetes. A novel protein recently linked to diabetes through animal and clinical studies is Sarcolemmal Membrane Associated Protein (SLMAP) but its role in metabolism remains undefined. The data here reveals a novel role for SLMAP isoform1 in glucose metabolism within the myocardium. Neonatal cardiomyocytes (NCMs) harvested from hearts of transgenic mice expressing SLMAP1, presented with increased glucose uptake, glycolytic rate, as well as glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expressions with minimal impact on lipid metabolism. SLMAP1 expression markedly increased the machinery required for endosomal trafficking of GLUT4 to the membrane within NCMs, accounting for the observed effects on glucose metabolism. The data here indicates SLMAP1 as a unique regulator of glucose metabolism through endosomal regulation of GLUT4 trafficking and suggests it may uniquely serve as a target to limit cardiovascular disease in metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
Seufferheldt, L. F. & Co
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1825

description: Ort: Mailand
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
Tegeler, Gebrüder
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1825

description: Ort: Gütersloh
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
AoI in Context-Aware Hybrid Radio-Optical IoT Networks
Creators: name: Hamrouni, Aymen
name: Pollin, Sofie
name: Sallouha, Hazem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: With the surge in IoT devices ranging from wearables to smart homes, prompt transmission is crucial. The Age of Information (AoI) emerges as a critical metric in this context, representing the freshness of the information transmitted across the network. This paper studies hybrid IoT networks that employ Optical Communication (OC) as a reinforcement medium to Radio Frequency (RF). We formulate a non-linear convex optimization that adopts a multi-objective optimization strategy to dynamically schedule the communication between devices and select their corresponding communication technology, aiming to balance the maximization of network throughput with the minimization of energy usage and the frequency of switching between technologies. To mitigate the impact of dominant sub-objectives and their scale disparity, the designed approach employs a regularization method that approximates adequate sub-objective scaling weights. Simulation results show that the OC supplementary integration alongside RF enhances the network's overall performances and significantly reduces the Mean AoI and Peak AoI, allowing the collection of the freshest possible data using the best available communication technology.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for Publications in the 2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference (IEEE GLOBECOM)
SMOSE: Sparse Mixture of Shallow Experts for Interpretable Reinforcement Learning in Continuous Control Tasks
Creators: name: Vincze, Mátyás
name: Ferrarotti, Laura
name: Custode, Leonardo Lucio
name: Lepri, Bruno
name: Iacca, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; I.2.8
subject: 68

description: Continuous control tasks often involve high-dimensional, dynamic, and non-linear environments. State-of-the-art performance in these tasks is achieved through complex closed-box policies that are effective, but suffer from an inherent opacity. Interpretable policies, while generally underperforming compared to their closed-box counterparts, advantageously facilitate transparent decision-making within automated systems. Hence, their usage is often essential for diagnosing and mitigating errors, supporting ethical and legal accountability, and fostering trust among stakeholders. In this paper, we propose SMOSE, a novel method to train sparsely activated interpretable controllers, based on a top-1 Mixture-of-Experts architecture. SMOSE combines a set of interpretable decisionmakers, trained to be experts in different basic skills, and an interpretable router that assigns tasks among the experts. The training is carried out via state-of-the-art Reinforcement Learning algorithms, exploiting load-balancing techniques to ensure fair expert usage. We then distill decision trees from the weights of the router, significantly improving the ease of interpretation. We evaluate SMOSE on six benchmark environments from MuJoCo: our method outperforms recent interpretable baselines and narrows the gap with noninterpretable state-of-the-art algorithms
description: To be published in the Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25)
Towards Efficient and Explainable Hate Speech Detection via Model Distillation
Creators: name: Piot, Paloma
name: Parapar, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic detection of hate and abusive language is essential to combat its online spread. Moreover, recognising and explaining hate speech serves to educate people about its negative effects. However, most current detection models operate as black boxes, lacking interpretability and explainability. In this context, Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective for hate speech detection and to promote interpretability. Nevertheless, they are computationally costly to run. In this work, we propose distilling big language models by using Chain-of-Thought to extract explanations that support the hate speech classification task. Having small language models for these tasks will contribute to their use in operational settings. In this paper, we demonstrate that distilled models deliver explanations of the same quality as larger models while surpassing them in classification performance. This dual capability, classifying and explaining, advances hate speech detection making it more affordable, understandable and actionable.
Dynamic Composition of Service Specific Overlay Networks
Creators: name: Al Ridhawi, Yousif
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2013
Subjects: Overlay Networks
Service Composition
Service Specific Overlay Networks
Dynamic Networks
Media Services

description: Content delivery through service overlay networks has gained popularity due to the overlays’ abilities to provide effective and reliable services. Inefficiencies of one-to-one matching of user requirements to a single service have given rise to service composition. Customized media delivery can be achieved through dynamic compositions of Service Specific Overlay Networks (SSONs). However, the presence of SSONs in dynamic environments raises the possibility of unexpected failures and quality degradations. Thus constructing, managing, and repairing corrupted service paths are challenging dilemmas. This thesis investigates the problem of autonomous SSON construction and management and identifies the drawbacks of current approaches. A novel multi-layered, autonomous, self-adaptive framework for constructing SSONs is presented. The framework includes a Hybrid Service Overlay Network layer (H-SON). The H-SON is a dynamic hybrid overlay dedicated to service composition for multimedia delivery in dynamic networks. Node placement in the overlay depends on the node’s stability, types and quality of provided services. Changes in stability and QoS of service nodes are reflected by dynamic re-organizations of the overlay. The H-SON permits fast and efficient searches for component services that meet client functional and quality expectations. Self-managed overlay nodes coordinate their behaviors to formulate a service composition path that meets the client’s requirements. Two approaches are presented in this work. The first illustrates how SSONs are established through dynamically adaptable MS-designed plans. The imprecise nature of nonfunctional service characteristics, such as QoS, is modeled using a fuzzy logic system. Moreover, semantic similarity evaluations enable us to include, in compositions, those services whose operations match, semantically, the requirements of the composition plan. Plan-based composition solutions restrict service discovery to defined abstract models. Our second composition approach introduces a semantic similarity and nearness SSON composition method. The objective is to free service nodes from the adherence to restrictive composition plans. The presented work illustrates a service composition solution that semantically advances service composition paths towards meeting users’ needs with each service hop while simultaneously guaranteeing user-acceptable QoS levels. Simulation results showcase the effectiveness of the presented work. Gathered results validate the success of our service composition methods while meeting user requirements.
BERT-DE-NER
Creators: name: , Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: NER
NLP
German

description: BERT-DE-NER This is a German BERT model fine-tuned for named entity recognition. Base model & training This model is based on bert-base-german-dbmdz-cased and has been fine-tuned for NER on the training data from [GermEval2014](https://sites.google.com/site/germeval2014ner). Model results The results on the test data from GermEval2014 are (entities only): | Precision | Recall | F1-Score | |----------:|-------:|---------:| | 0.817 | 0.842 | 0.829 | How to use >>> from transformers import pipeline >>> classifier = pipeline('ner', model="fhswf/bert_de_ner") >>> classifier('Von der Organisation "medico international" hieß es, die EU entziehe sich seit vielen Jahren der Verantwortung für die Menschen an ihren Außengrenzen.') [{'word': 'med', 'score': 0.9996621608734131, 'entity': 'B-ORG', 'index': 6}, {'word': '##ico', 'score': 0.9995362162590027, 'entity': 'I-ORG', 'index': 7}, {'word': 'international', 'score': 0.9996932744979858, 'entity': 'I-ORG', 'index': 8}, {'word': 'eu', 'score': 0.9997008442878723, 'entity': 'B-ORG', 'index': 14}] 
Floating Narratives: Transnational Families and Digital Storytelling
Creators: name: Arango, Catalina
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Transnational families
diaspora
information and communication technologies
digital storytelling
presence
interactivity
multimodality

description: Colombia has some 2.5 million emigrants (KNOMAD 2016), many of whom likely experience diaspora as a state of mind and transnationalism as a feature of their familial interactions. Storytelling constitutes an intersection at which individuals and families create and recreate themselves. Today, much of this process is mediated via information and communication technologies (ICTs). Hence, the central question guiding the thesis is: How do ICTs catalyze and constrain storytelling within transnational families? Drawing from information gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with six Colombian families with members who immigrated to Canada from Colombia, this thesis investigates the technologically mediated familial interactions and storytelling of 12 adult Colombians residing in Montreal, and six of their respective family members who remain in Colombia. The participants report that prior to migrating their familial stories were mainly oral and occurred in very warm face-to-face situations whereas after migrating their family narratives and stories are being altered in various ways through the presence, interactive, and multimodal affordances ICTs provide.
Presence of Infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the Blood of Patients with Crohn’s Disease and Control Subjects Shown by Multiple Laboratory Culture and Antibody Methods
Creators: name: Kuenstner, J. Todd
name: Potula, Raghava
name: Bull, Tim J.
name: Grant, Irene R.
name: Foddai, Antonio
name: Naser, Saleh A.
name: Bach, Horacio
name: Zhang, Peilin
name: Yu, Daohai
name: Lu, Xiaoning
name: Shafran, Ira
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has long been suspected to be involved in the etiology of Crohn’s disease (CD). An obligate intracellular pathogen, MAP persists and influences host macrophages. The primary goals of this study were to test new rapid culture methods for MAP in human subjects and to assess the degree of viable culturable MAP bacteremia in CD patients compared to controls. A secondary goal was to compare the efficacy of three culture methods plus a phage assay and four antibody assays performed in separate laboratories, to detect MAP from the parallel samples. Culture and serological MAP testing was performed blind on whole blood samples obtained from 201 subjects including 61 CD patients (two of the patients with CD had concurrent ulcerative colitis (UC)) and 140 non-CD controls (14 patients in this group had UC only). Viable MAP bacteremia was detected in a significant number of study subjects across all groups. This included Pozzato culture (124/201 or 62% of all subjects, 35/61 or 57% of CD patients), Phage assay (113/201 or 56% of all subjects, 28/61 or 46% of CD patients), TiKa culture (64/201 or 32% of all subjects, 22/61 or 36% of CD patients) and MGIT culture (36/201 or 18% of all subjects, 15/61 or 25% of CD patients). A link between MAP detection and CD was observed with MGIT culture and one of the antibody methods (Hsp65) confirming previous studies. Other detection methods showed no association between any of the groups tested. Nine subjects with a positive Phage assay (4/9) or MAP culture (5/9) were again positive with the Phage assay one year later. This study highlights viable MAP bacteremia is widespread in the study population including CD patients, those with other autoimmune conditions and asymptomatic healthy subjects.
Compact Semisimple Tensor 2-Categories are Morita Connected
Creators: name: Décoppet, Thibault D.
name: Sanford, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18M15, 18M20

description: In arXiv:2211.04917, it was shown that, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, every fusion 2-category is Morita equivalent to a connected fusion 2-category, that is, one arising from a braided fusion 1-category. This result has recently allowed for a complete classification of fusion 2-categories. Here we establish that compact semisimple tensor 2-categories, which generalize fusion 2-categories to an arbitrary field of characteristic zero, also enjoy this ``Morita connectedness'' property. In order to do so, we generalize to an arbitrary field of characteristic zero many well-known results about braided fusion 1-categories over an algebraically closed field. Most notably, we prove that the Picard group of any braided fusion 1-category is indfinite, generalizing the classical fact that the Brauer group of a field is torsion. As an application of our main result, we derive the existence of braided fusion 1-categories indexed by the fourth Galois cohomology group of the absolute Galois group that represent interesting classes in the appropriate Witt groups.
On the Automation of Flood Event Separation From Continuous Time Series
Creators: name: Oppel, Henning
name: Mewes, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: flood event separation
subject: information extraction
subject: time series
subject: automation
subject: data preprocessing
subject: 004
subject: 550
subject: Hochwasser
subject: Hydrologie
subject: Forschungsdaten
subject: Maschinelles Lernen
subject: Information Extraction
subject: Zeitreihe
subject: Automation
subject: Datenverarbeitung

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Impact of Indoor Residual Spraying and Insecticide-treated Bed Nets on Malaria Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Mathematical Modelling
Creators: name: Tomayer, Andrew
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Malaria
Mathematical modelling
Long-lasting insecticidal nets
Indoor residual spraying
Vector control

description: Background: Malaria causes over 400,000 estimated deaths annually worldwide, with about 90% in sub-Saharan Africa. Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are two vector-control interventions proven to reduce malaria transmission, but their use together compared to separate has shown mixed results. Methodology: We used a mathematical model to examine the impact of LLINs and IRS on malaria transmission. Time-series analyses and basic reproductive numbers (R0) were developed using MATLAB. We also assessed IRS timing and performed a sensitivity analysis on R0. Results: Modelling scenarios combining LLINs with IRS were similar to those with LLINs alone. Shorter IRS impulses had greater reductions in mosquito populations. The LLIN feeding-inhibition rate was a key parameter with a negative correlation to R0. Discussion/Conclusion: We developed an understanding of the effect of vector-control strategies on malaria transmission. IRS, when paired with LLINs, showed only small improvements in reducing malaria transmission compared to LLINs alone. These results can assist vector-control programmes.
Environment engineering to protect quantum coherence in tripartite systems under dephasing noise
Creators: name: Roy, Sovik
name: Kalaiselvan, Aahaman
name: Radhakrishnan, Chandrashekar
name: Ali, Md Manirul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The practical success of quantum technology hinges on sustaining quantum coherence, which is vulnerable to environmental interactions causing decoherence. We investigate coherence in tripartite quantum systems under the influence of noisy environment. In this study, we explore the dynamics of the relative entropy of coherence for tripartite pure and mixed states in the presence of structured dephasing environments at finite temperatures. Our findings demonstrate that the system's resilience to decoherence is strongly influenced by the bath type and configuration. Specifically, when each qubit interacts with an independent environment, the coherence dynamics differ from those observed in a shared bath setting. In a Markov, memoryless environment, coherence in both pure and mixed states decay faster, whereas coherence is preserved for longer time in the presence of environment memory. This highlights the crucial role of environment memory in enhancing the robustness of tripartite coherence.
description: Accepted in International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Environmental transmission electron microscopy study of hydrogen charging effect on a Cu-Zr metallic glass
Creators: name: Tian, Lin
name: Yang, Yue-Qing
name: Meyer, Tobias
name: Tönnies, Dominik
name: Roddatis, Vladimir
name: Voigt, Hendrik
name: Xin-Ai Zhao
name: Zhang-Jie Wang
name: Xie, De-Gang
name: Seibt, Michael
name: Volkert, Cynthia A.
name: Shan, Zhi-Wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Hydrogen induced plasticity has been found in metallic glasses; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we studied a Cu-Zr metallic glass charged in a hydrogen atmosphere inside an environmental transmission electron microscope. Compression tests of hydrogen charged nanopillars show more controllable deformation compared to uncharged ones. A variable resolution fluctuation electron microscopy study of the hydrogen charged samples reveals an increase in the correlation length of the medium-range order. Our results provide experimental evidence for hydrogen-induced heterogeneity and support the idea that increasing the degree of heterogeneity leads to multiple local shear events and suppresses catastrophic shear banding. IMPACT STATEMENT Direct evidence of an increase in the spatial correlation length of the medium-range order is found during hydrogen charging of a Cu-Zr metallic glass and leads to enhanced plastic deformation.
Two-dimensional near-infrared photonic crystal fabrication by generation of void channels in solid resin
Creators: name: Zhou, Guangyong
name: Ventura, Michael James
name: Gu, Min
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Two-dimensional (2D) triangular void channel photonic crystals with different lattice constants stacked in two different directions were fabricated by using femtosecond laser micro-explosion in solid polymer material. Fundamental and higher-order stop gaps were observed both in the infrared transmission and reflection spectra. There is an approximately linear relationship between the gap position and the lattice constant. The suppression of the fundamental gap is as high as 70% for 24-layer structures stacked in the gamma-M direction.
Chronic Gestational Inflammation: Comparisons of Obesity-Mediated and Preeclampsia-Mediated Placental Inflammation using Transcriptomic and Histological Methods
Creators: name: Tripathi, Jasmine
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Placenta
Preeclampsia
Gestational Obesity
Mitochondria
Chronic Inflammation
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)
Sirtuins (SIRTs)
Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerases (PARPs)
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
Interleukins (ILs)
Interferons (IFNs)

description: Several obstetrical complications, including maternal obesity (MO) and preeclampsia (PE), are associated with states of chronic gestational inflammation and poor pregnancy outcomes. However, commonalities and/or differences from these divergent chronic inflammatory insults on placental development and function remain elusive. Preliminary work by our group suggests placental NAD+ depletion and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction may be common pathophysiology features. Using rodent MO- and PE-mediated gestational inflammation models, our aim was exploring common and differing mechanisms through which placental function may become compromised, targeting NAD+ signalling pathways and mitochondrial health. Rodent models of immune-driven PE and MO were previously established in our laboratory. Dams were euthanized at embryonic day 18.5, with assessments of fetal and placental weights. Placentas were then collected and processed for detailed histomorphometry and transcriptomic analyses. Placenta transcriptomics data underwent differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2. Ranked gene set enrichment was conducted using fold change values through GO Annotation Database. Similarly, pathway enrichment was performed through KEGG database (FDR <= 0.10). Fetal growth restriction was observed in both chronic gestational inflammation models. Both MO- and PE-mediated inflammation was associated with reduced placental labyrinth exchange areas. MO-mediated inflammation additionally demonstrated increased junctional zone areas. Transcriptomic analysis revealed enriched inflammatory signalling pathways in both models; the PE model demonstrated profound TNF-Alpha signalling activation while the MO model demonstrated activated IL-1β, IFN-β and TNF signalling, and leukocyte chemotaxis. Likewise, both models demonstrated transcriptomic evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction including downregulated mitochondrial ATP synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation and NADH synthesis pathways. Chronic gestational inflammation is associated with disrupted placental structure and gene expression, culminating in altered fetal growth. While our PE and MO models displayed clinically relevant inflammatory phenotypes, the pathological mechanisms underlying the established placental dysfunction appear distinct. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of inflammation-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in establishing inflammatory placental pathologies to inform design of better therapeutic management of these pregnant population.
Functional renormalization of QCD in $1 + 1$ dimensions: four-fermion interactions from quark-gluon dynamics
Creators: name: Oevermann, Eric
name: Koenigstein, Adrian
name: Floerchinger, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Chromodynamics in two spacetime dimensions is investigated with the Functional Renormalization Group. We use a functional formulation with covariant gauge fixing and derive Renormalization Group flow equations for the gauge coupling, quark mass and an algebraically complete set of local fermion-fermion interaction vertices. The flow, based on a convenient Callan-Symanzik-type regularization, shows the expected behavior for a super-renormalizable theory in the ultraviolet regime and leads to a strongly coupled regime in the infrared. Through a detailed discussion of symmetry implications, and variations in the gauge group and flavor numbers, the analysis sets the stage for a more detailed investigation of the bound state spectrum in future work.
description: References added and typos in text corrected, (23 + 6) pages
Secure Quantum Encryption
Creators: name: St-Jules, Michael
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: quantum cryptography
quantum encryption
semantic security
indistinguishability
indistinguishable encryptions
CPA
CCA
CCA1
pseudorandom generator
pseudorandom function
one-way function
trapdoor one-way permutation
chosen plaintext attack
chosen ciphertext attack

description: To the field of cryptography, quantum mechanics is a game changer. The exploitation of quantum mechanical properties through the manipulation of quantum information, the information encoded in the state of quantum systems, would allow many protocols in use today to be broken as well as lead to the expansion of cryptography to new protocols. In this thesis, quantum encryption, i.e. encryption schemes for quantum data, is defined, along with several definitions of security, broadly divisible into semantic security and ciphertext indistinguishability, which are proven equivalent, in analogy to the foundational result by Goldwasser and Micali. Private- and public-key quantum encryption schemes are also constructed from quantum-secure cryptographic primitives, and their security is proven. Most of the results are in the joint paper Computational Security of Quantum Encryption, to appear in the 9th International Conference on Information Theoretic Security (ICITS2016).
Finite time blow-up in a 1D model of the incompressible porous media equation
Creators: name: Kiselev, Alexander
name: Sarsam, Naji A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76B03, 35Q35, 76S05

description: We derive a PDE that models the behavior of a boundary layer solution to the incompressible porous media (IPM) equation posed on the 2D periodic half-plane. This 1D IPM model is a transport equation with a non-local velocity similar to the well-known Córdoba-Córdoba-Fontelos (CCF) equation. We discuss how this modification of the CCF equation can be regarded as a reasonable model for solutions to the IPM equation. Working in the class of bounded smooth periodic data, we then show local well-posedness for the 1D IPM model as well as finite time blow-up for a class of initial data.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure; V2 includes minor edits
Finite Element Analysis of the Wind - Uplift Resistance of Roof Edge Components
Creators: name: Dabas, Maha
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2013
Subjects: Roof Edge Components
Wind Induced Loads
Low Slope Roofs
ABAQUS
Finite Element Analysis

description: Wind-induced damages on low-slope roofs are a major and common problem that many buildings located in high wind areas suffer from. Most of these damages are initiated when the metal roof edge fails first, leading to overall roof failure. This is because peak wind pressures occur at the edges and corners of low-slope roof buildings. Currently, there are not enough wind design guidelines for the Canadian roofing community to quantify the dynamic wind uplift resistance of the roof edge system. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of wind-induced loads on roof edges using a finite element model, verify the numerical results with those obtained from controlled experiments, and perform parametric investigations for various design variables. In this research, the overall roof edge system was modelled using the commercial finite element software package ABAQUS, by simulating the roof edge system with shell elements and applying a uniform static pressure against the face of the edge cleat or coping. Results of the modelling were compared to the experimental ones in terms of deflection of the coping under uniform pressure. The results of the numerical model and the experiments show a good agreement. Furthermore, a parametric analysis of the system was conducted under the effect of varying parameters. i.e., coping gauge, nail spacing, coping and cleat length and wind and thermal load application.
Segregation-sandwiched stable interface suffocates nanoprecipitate coarsening to elevate creep resistance
Creators: name: Y. H. Gao
name: P. F. Guan
name: R. Su
name: H. W. Chen
name: C. Yang
name: C. He
name: L. F. Cao
name: H. Song
name: J. Y. Zhang
name: X.F. Zhang
name: G. Liu
name: J. F. Nie
name: J. Sun
name: E. Ma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: We demonstrate a strategy to stabilize nanoprecipitates in Al–Cu alloys, based on computational design that identifies synergistic solutes (Sc and Fe) that simultaneously segregate to the θ′-Al2Cu/Al interface and strongly bond to one another. Furthermore, Sc and Fe are predicted to each segregate into a separate atomic plane, forming a sandwiched structure reinforcing the interface. This interfacial architecture was realized through a simple heat treatment in a Sc–Fe–Si triple-microalloyed Al–Cu model alloy. Such a back-to-back layered interface, thermodynamically stable and kinetically robust, is found to suffocate nanoprecipitate coarsening at 300°C, enabling a dramatic reduction in creep rate. IMPACT STATEMENT The segregant architecture of synergistic solute at θ′-Al2Cu/Al interface was guided by computational calculations and artificially realized at atomic scale to achieve an ultra-high thermal stability of θ′-Al2Cu, leading to a high creep resistance at 300°C.
Binaural Beamforming Robust to Errors in Direction of Arrival Estimates
Creators: name: Khayeri, Parinaz
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2016
Subjects: Binaural beamformer
Hearing aids
Monaural Beamformer
Gerenalized sidelob canceller
Target DOA mismatch
Head Shadow Effect
HRTFs mismatch
Beampattern

description: Binaural beamforming technology, which is based on the auditory perception of both ears, uses a wireless data connection to exchange data between the right-side and the left-side hearing aids. Over the years, several multichannel speech enhancement algorithms have been used in the hearing aid industry. For example, beamforming algorithms work by keeping a target signal undistorted while attenuating the noise fields (such as diffuse noise or white noise) and the interferers from different directions. Fixed and adaptive algorithms of this nature have been under active investigation by the hearing aid industry. Although binaural beamforming hearing aids designs have shown better performance than single-channel based hearing aids or bilateral hearing aids, the performance of binaural beamforming still suffers from errors in the direction of arrival estimates, i.e., errors which occur when the right set of steering vectors is used in a beamformer design but the target signal source is not located at the direction considered in the design. Therefore, this thesis is devoted to find and propose structures showing more robustness to errors in the direction of arrival estimates. The focus is mainly on the Generalized Sidelobe Canceller (GSC) structure and several binaural beamforming algorithms and configurations are proposed in this thesis as alternatives for the fixed beamformer and blocking matrix units of the GSC. The proposed algorithms show promise of providing wider notch and/or wider beam possibilities, as well as providing greater noise reduction and superior adaptive null positioning capabilities. The algorithms proposed in this thesis were simulated in MATLAB using recorded signals and data provided by a hearing aid firm, to assess their utility for improving hearing aid performance. The results demonstrated a superiority over algorithms currently in use in industry.
title: A critical analysis of early intervention in the Irish child protection and welfare system
title: The Routledge Handbook of Child and Family Social Work Research
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Devaney, Carmel
name: Canavan, John
name: Mc Gregor, Caroline
Publisher: name: Routledge
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: child welfare
subject: prevention
subject: early intervention

description: Although early intervention is now established as a strategic orientation and operational component of many Child Protection and Welfare (CPW) systems the underpinning research field is as yet diffuse and underdeveloped. In spite of the intuitive value of these approaches, policy makers and managers remain resistant to a fundamental value shift or significant investment towards early intervention. Based on a reflective account of an evaluation of an early intervention practice model in the context of Ireland’s statutory CPW system, this chapter identifies learning on undertaking rigorous evaluation research in this areas and explores the challenge of generating evidence about early intervention to serve as the basis of policy and practice change. The chapter firstly frames early intervention conceptually, inclusive of its value as an organising principle for services, its parameters, and boundaries, as well as the challenges in establishing its evidence base. We also consider its application in CPW systems responses to the needs of children and young people, and the risks they face. Because of its significance for practice, we include attention to the literature on risk and risk assessment here, with an emphasis on the challenges of evidencing risk management practices based on early intervention and prevention of harm. The second part of the chapter offers a case study based on longitudinal mixed method evaluation of ‘Meitheal’, an innovative, early intervention model, operated by Tusla, Ireland’s Child and Family Agency. Here we describe and contextualise the Meitheal, presenting a real-world examination of early intervention in practice drawing on selected findings from the research. In the third part of the chapter, we reflect on the technical issues involved in implementing the evaluation study, before continuing with consideration of the challenges in establishing an evidence base for early intervention, its place in the CPW system and challenges in sustainability.
COVID-19 in New Mexico Tribal Lands : Understanding the Role of Social Vulnerabilities and Historical Racisms
Creators: name: Yellow Horse, Aggie J.
name: Deschine Parkhurst, Nicholet A.
name: Huyser, Kimberly Rose
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media
Year: 2021

description: The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionally affected Indigenous Peoples. Unfortunately, there is no accurate understanding of COVID-19’s impacts on Indigenous Peoples and communities due to systematic erasure of Indigenous representation in data. Early evidence suggests that COVID-19 has been able to spread through pre-pandemic mechanisms ranging from disproportionate chronic health conditions, inadequate access to healthcare, and poor living conditions stemming from structural inequalities. Using innovative data, we comprehensively investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on Indigenous Peoples in New Mexico at the zip code level. Specifically, we expand the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to include the measures of structural vulnerabilities from historical racisms against Indigenous Peoples. We found that historically-embedded structural vulnerabilities (e.g., Tribal land status and higher percentages of house units without telephone and complete plumbing) are critical in understanding the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 that American Indian and Alaska Native populations are experiencing. We found that historically-embedded vulnerability variables that emerged epistemologically from Indigenous knowledge had the largest explanatory power compared to other social vulnerability factors from SVI and COVID-19, especially Tribal land status. The findings demonstrate the critical need in public health to center Indigenous knowledge and methodologies in mitigating the deleterious impacts of COVID-19 on Indigenous Peoples and communities, specifically designing place-based mitigating strategies.
Traveling-wave solutions and structure-preserving numerical methods for a hyperbolic approximation of the Korteweg-de Vries equation
Creators: name: Biswas, Abhijit
name: Ketcheson, David I.
name: Ranocha, Hendrik
name: Schütz, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65L04, 65L20, 65M06, 65M12, 65M22

description: We study the recently-proposed hyperbolic approximation of the Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV).
 We show that this approximation, which we call KdVH, possesses a rich variety of
 solutions, including solitary wave solutions that approximate KdV solitons, as well as other
 solitary and periodic solutions that are related to higher-order water wave models,
 and may include singularities.
 We analyze a class of implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta time discretizations for KdVH
 that are asymptotic preserving, energy conserving, and can be applied to other hyperbolized
 systems. We also develop structure-preserving spatial discretizations based on summation-by-parts
 operators in space including finite difference, discontinuous Galerkin, and Fourier methods. We use the
 relaxation approach to make the fully discrete schemes energy-preserving.
 Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of these discretizations.
description: 29 pages
title: Changes in Dairy Products Value Chain in Georgia
Creators: name: Al Sidawi, Rami
name: Urushadze, Teo
name: Ploeger, Angelika
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: dairy products
subject: value chain
subject: Georgia
subject: food safety
subject: expert interviews
subject: small farmers
subject: 630
subject: Milchprodukt
subject: Wertschöpfungskette
subject: Lebensmittelqualität
subject: Produktsicherheit
subject: Experteninterview
subject: Georgien

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Deuteron gravitational form factors, generalized parton distributions, and charge density in the framework of the soft-wall AdS/QCD model
Creators: name: Mamedov, Shahin
name: Allahverdiyeva, Minaya
name: Akbarova, Narmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the deuteron gravitational form factors (GFFs) and generalized parton distributions (GPDs) within the soft-wall AdS/QCD model, where deuteron is described by the bulk vector field with twist $τ=6$. For the finite-temperature studies, we apply the soft-wall model, which is thermalized by introducing a thermal dilaton field. GPDs and charge density are considered in impact parameter (IP) space and at zero and finite temperatures. We plot the temperature dependence of these quantities in IP space and observe a decreasing of their peaks on temperature increasing. The gravitational root means squared radius obtained here is close to the range given by experimental data for the mass radius and has low sensitivity to the temperature.
First-principles derived force field for h-BN monolayer nanostructures: Applications to sheets, nanotubes and nanotori
Creators: name: Sgouros, Aristotelis P.
name: Arapchatzis, Markos
name: Lathiotakis, Nektarios N.
name: Papagelis, Konstantinos
name: Kalosakas, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present an empirical force field for hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) monolayers, derived via a bottom-up strategy from first principles calculations. We aim to deliver a simple analytical force field for boron nitride which is efficient and applicable to large-scale simulations, without compromising its accuracy. The force field is developed with the goal to analytically reproducing the potential energy contributions arising from planar bond-stretching and bond-angle-bending deformations, as well as from out-of-plane torsional deformations, as obtained from periodic density functional theory calculations. Analytical anharmonic potential energy functions were employed to describe and parameterize the force field through a fitting process. The potential is applied for estimating in-plane (stiffness matrix and elastic constants) and out-of-plane (bending and Gaussian rigidity) mechanical properties of monolayer hBNs using both molecular mechanics calculations and analytical formulas. Additionally, we determined the elastic properties of more complex nanostructures, including hBN nanotubes and nanotori. By combining a continuum model for bent hollow beams with the definition of bending rigidity, we validate the model predictions against an analytical expression for the bending rigidity of large-diameter hBN nanotubes, expressed as a function of their radius and the in-plane Young modulus.
A VLBI Study of Free-Free Absorbed Compact Radio Sources in the NGC 253 Starburst
Creators: name: Tingay, S. J.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The first wide-field, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253, obtained with the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA), have produced a 1.4 GHz image with angular resolution matched to the Very Large Array (VLA) at 22 GHz. Two compact radio sources have been detected with these LBA observations, neither of which corresponds to the assumed nucleus of the galaxy, which is prominent in VLA 22 GHz images. A multifrequency comparison of the high-resolution radio structure in NGC 253 has been made. In particular, the radio spectra of the two detected sources and the assumed nucleus are discussed. A case is made that the radio emission from the compact sources in NGC 253 is absorbed by partially ionized gas with a free-free optical depth ranging at least between 1 and 4 at 1.4 GHz, in broad agreement with previous low-resolution optical and radio studies of NGC 253 and high-resolution studies of a similar starburst galaxy, M82.