cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gromov-Hausdorff Distance for Quantum Metric Spaces
Creators: name: Rieffel, Marc A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 46L87; Secondary 58B30, 60B10

description: By a quantum metric space we mean a C^*-algebra (or more generally an order-unit space) equipped with a generalization of the Lipschitz seminorm on functions which is defined by an ordinary metric. We develop for compact quantum metric spaces a version of Gromov-Hausdorff distance. We show that the basic theorems of the classical theory have natural quantum analogues. Our main example involves the quantum tori, $A_þ$. We show, for consistently defined ``metrics'', that if a sequence $\{þ_n\}$ of parameters converges to a parameter $þ$, then the sequence $\{A_{þ_n}\}$ of quantum tori converges in quantum Gromov-Hausdorff distance to $A_þ$.
description: 81 pages. Several minor improvements and several references added. To appear Memoirs Amer. Math. Soc
Density Perturbations in Multifield Inflationary Models
Creators: name: Mukhanov, V. F.
name: Steinhardt, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a closed-form, analytical expression for the spectrum of long-wavelength density perturbations in inflationary models with two (or more) inflaton degrees of freedom that is valid in the slow-roll approximation. We illustrate several classes of potentials for which this expression reduces to a simple, algebraic expression.
description: 17 pages, revtex, submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Additional file 3: of Supplemental thiamine for the treatment of acute heart failure syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Smithline, Howard
name: Donnino, Michael
name: Blank, Fidela
name: Barus, Richard
name: Coute, Ryan
name: Knee, Alexander
name: Visintainer, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S4b. Mean difference and 95% CI over time compared to baseline. Analysis excludes Time 2. (DOCX 19 kb)
Figure S1. from Urban tolerance does not protect against population decline in North American birds
Creators: name: Petrenko, Julianna A.
name: Martin, Paul R.
name: Fanelli, Rachel E.
name: Bonier, Frances
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Phylogenetic relationships among the 397 species of North American birds included in the analysis.
Three Essays on Financial Economics
Creators: Sachdeva, Kunal
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Finance
Economics
Business
Investments

description: This dissertation presents three essays in financial economics. The essays discuss how market frictions can affect outcomes in the real economy, the returns earned by investors, and the investment decisions made by asset managers. The first essay studies how the liquidity of assets can affect outcomes in the real economy. In particular, it focuses on the life settlement market to show how increased liquidity of life insurance contracts are causally linked to greater life longevity. The second essay studies how inside investments relate to managerial compensation and fund performance. The essay focuses on the decreasing returns to scale to arbitrage strategies and the profit maximizing motive of asset managers as the central friction affecting return. The final essay analyzes the role that information acquisition and communication have on the choice to be a principal, agent, or both. The results emphasize how the choice to be either a principal or an agent strictly dominate the mixed strategy of being both, in a highly generalized model.
Physics on the edge: contour dynamics, waves and solitons in the quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Wexler, C.
name: Dorsey, Alan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of the excitations on the edge of a two-dimensional electron system in a perpendicular magnetic field in terms of a contour dynamics formalism. In particular, we focus on edge excitations in the quantum Hall effect. Beyond the usual linear approximation, a non-linear analysis of the shape deformations of an incompressible droplet yields soliton solutions which correspond to shapes that propagate without distortion. A perturbative analysis is used and the results are compared to analogous systems, like vortex patches in ideal hydrodynamics. Under a local induction approximation we find that the contour dynamics is described by a non-linear partial differential equation for the curvature: the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. PACS number(s): 73.40.Hm, 02.40.Ma, 03.40.Gc, 11.10.Lm
description: 15 pages, 12 embedded figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Few-shot Quality-Diversity Optimization
Creators: name: Salehi, Achkan
name: Coninx, Alexandre
name: Doncieux, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the past few years, a considerable amount of research has been dedicated to the exploitation of previous learning experiences and the design of Few-shot and Meta Learning approaches, in problem domains ranging from Computer Vision to Reinforcement Learning based control. A notable exception, where to the best of our knowledge, little to no effort has been made in this direction is Quality-Diversity (QD) optimization. QD methods have been shown to be effective tools in dealing with deceptive minima and sparse rewards in Reinforcement Learning. However, they remain costly due to their reliance on inherently sample inefficient evolutionary processes. We show that, given examples from a task distribution, information about the paths taken by optimization in parameter space can be leveraged to build a prior population, which when used to initialize QD methods in unseen environments, allows for few-shot adaptation. Our proposed method does not require backpropagation. It is simple to implement and scale, and furthermore, it is agnostic to the underlying models that are being trained. Experiments carried in both sparse and dense reward settings using robotic manipulation and navigation benchmarks show that it considerably reduces the number of generations that are required for QD optimization in these environments.
description: Accepted for publication in the IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L) journal
The future of impact investing: strategies for scaling global impact
Creators: name: Asma Aziz Alaoui
name: Hassan Azdimousa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the dynamic world of finance, impact investing has emerged as a great hope to reduce global inequalities, promising to bridge the gap between capital and cause. However, as the sector matures, it is imperative to critically assess its trajectory and realign its strategies to effectively tackle global inequalities. Drawing on expert testimonials and sector analyses, this article delves into the history, challenges, and future of impact investing, emphasizing the current importance of governance, inclusivity, and representation to ensure that impact investing remains true to its mission and yields tangible results. Inspired by insights from leading voices in the field, this article presents a comprehensive matrix that reflects the current state of impact investing and proposes a reimagined approach for the future, aligning with the concept of reinventing impact investing to maximize inclusivity and value creation: strategies to mobilize more investors and mitigate global inequalities.
Additional file 1: of Usability of daily SF36 questionnaires to capture the QALD variation experienced after vaccination with AS03A-adjuvanted monovalent influenza A (H5N1) vaccine in a safety and tolerability study
Creators: name: B. Standaert
name: T. Dort
name: J. Linden
name: A. Madan
name: S. Bart
name: L. Chu
name: M. Hayney
name: M. Kosinski
name: R. Kroll
name: J. Malak
name: G. Meier
name: N. Segall
name: A. Schuind
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Relevance, Aims and main Findings of the Study. (PDF 90 kb)
Figure S3. from Urban tolerance does not protect against population decline in North American birds
Creators: name: Petrenko, Julianna A.
name: Martin, Paul R.
name: Fanelli, Rachel E.
name: Bonier, Frances
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental analysis shows that urban tolerance does not predict population trends in 397 North American bird species.
Making the news in Shanghai : Shen Bao and the politics of newspaper journalism, 1912-1937
Creators: name: Narramore, Terry
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1989

description: This thesis is a study of the politics of Shanghai newspaper journalism from 1912 to 1937, with particular emphasis on Shen Bao as a case study. It is concerned only with commercial newspaper journalism, as distinct from party political journalism. As such it proceeds from the belief that newspapers like Shen Bao must first and foremost be understood as commercial enterprises. It argues that economic, technical and organizational constraints played an important part in shaping the political character of newspaper journalism in Shanghai. It shows how, in adapting to the peculiar economic and political environment of the Shanghai International Settlement, newspapers faced the contradictory pressures of a dependecy on foreign resources on the one hand, and the demands of rising anti-imperialist nationalism on the other. Until the late 1920s, a big commercial newspaper like Shen Bao was inclined to take whichever course it judged to be the least damaging to its survival as a viable business, even if this sometimes contradicted the weight of nationalistic public opinion.. This situation changed dramatically_ with the rise of Japanese militarism in China, beginning with the invasion of Manchuria in September 1931. Shen Bao and its proprietor, Shi Liangcai, became Shanghai's most prominent voices in the anti-Japanese movement and, thereafter, outspoken critics of the the Nationalist government's response to the crisis. This eventually led to Shi Liangcai's assassination, at the hands of government agents in November 1934. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with various constituent elements which helped to shape the development of Shanghai newspaper journalism in general. It examines the historical background, newspaper readership, patterns of ownership, economic and technical aspects of the industry, and the attempts by journalist to develop a profession against the background of the rise of commercial newspapers. The second part is a case study of the rise of Shen Bao and Shi Liangcai. It is a political history, focusing on the paper's expression of political opinion and its response to the major political events of the day, such as the May Fourth and May Thirtieth movements, the rise of the Nationalists to power and the rise of Japanese militarism in China. This study hopes not only to shed some light on the politics of Shanghai newspaper journalism, but also to contribute to a broader understanding of Chinese politics of the period.
On Time-dependent Backgrounds in Supergravity and String Theory
Creators: name: Buchel, Alex
name: Langfelder, Peter
name: Walcher, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-dependent solutions of supergravity and string theory are studied. The examples are obtained from de Sitter deformation of gauge/gravity dualities, analytical continuation of static solutions, and ``exactly solvable'' worldsheet models. Among other things, it is shown that turning on a Hubble parameter in the background of a confining gauge theory in four dimensions can restore chiral symmetry. Some of the solutions obtained from analytical continuation have the interpretation of a universe with a bounce separating a big bang from a big crunch singularity. In the worldsheet context, it is argued why string propagation close to a Milne-type cosmological singularity might be physically non-singular.
description: 38 pages, 1 figure, v2: refs added
Demonstration of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering Using Hybrid Continuous- and Discrete-Variable Entanglement of Light
Creators: name: Cavaillès, A.
name: Jeannic, H. Le
name: Raskop, J.
name: Guccione, G.
name: Markham, D.
name: Diamanti, E.
name: Shaw, M. D.
name: Verma, V. B.
name: Nam, S. W.
name: Laurat, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is known to be a key resource for one-sided device-independent quantum information protocols. Here we demonstrate steering using hybrid entanglement between continuous- and discrete-variable optical qubits. To this end, we report on suitable steering inequalities and detail the implementation and requirements for this demonstration. Steering is experimentally certified by observing a violation by more than 5 standard deviations. Our results illustrate the potential of optical hybrid entanglement for applications in heterogeneous quantum networks that would interconnect disparate physical platforms and encodings.
Additional file 1: of Supplemental thiamine for the treatment of acute heart failure syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Smithline, Howard
name: Donnino, Michael
name: Blank, Fidela
name: Barus, Richard
name: Coute, Ryan
name: Knee, Alexander
name: Visintainer, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S2b. Whole Blood Thiamine divided by Hemoglobin (nmol/L/g Hgb) by Time (nâ =â 116). Analysis excludes Time 2. (DOCX 15 kb)
Pulse-beam heating of deep atmospheric layers triggering their oscillations and upwards moving shocks that can modulate the reconnection in solar flares
Creators: name: Jelínek, P.
name: Karlický, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study processes occurring after a sudden heating of the chromosphere at the flare arcade footpoints which is assumed to be caused by particle beams. For the numerical simulations we adopt a 2-D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, in which we solve a full set of the time-dependent MHD equations by means of the FLASH code, using the Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) method. In the initial state we consider a model of the solar atmosphere with densities according to the VAL-C model and the magnetic field arcade having the X-point structure above, where the magnetic reconnection is assumed. We found that the sudden pulse-beam heating of the chromosphere at the flare arcade footpoints generates magnetohydrodynamic shocks, one propagating upwards and the second one propagating downwards in the solar atmosphere. The downward moving shock is reflected at deep and dense atmospheric layers and triggers oscillations of these layers. These oscillations generate the upwards moving magnetohydrodynamic waves that can influence the above located magnetic reconnection in a quasi-periodic way. Because these processes require a sudden heating in very localized regions in the chromosphere therefore they can be also associated with seismic waves.
D5.1 Evaluation plan
Creators: name: Botto, Francesco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The PIE News project involves pilot users and stakeholders in the design and use of a Community Awareness Platform for the needs of new poor and of people in precarious working conditions. Design and implementation practices have been structured in close relation with the project evaluation task. PIE News evaluation leverages on the participation of project partners in both the preparation and execution of evaluation activities. It aims to monitor on-line and off-line project activities performed with and by users and stakeholders, with the final objective to improve the project activities and technologies and to disseminate projects results in a continuous process M1-M36. This document describes the detailed project evaluation plan. It focuses in particular on project design workshops’ evaluation-related activities, but includes other aspects of the project. Given the participatory and incremental character of both project and evaluation activities, the plan is subject to further changes.
Finite-time teleportation phase transition in random quantum circuits
Creators: name: Bao, Yimu
name: Block, Maxwell
name: Altman, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How long does it take to entangle two distant qubits in a quantum circuit evolved by generic unitary dynamics? We show that if the time evolution is followed by measurements of all but two infinitely separated test qubits, then the entanglement between them can undergo a phase transition and become nonzero at a finite critical time $t_c$. The fidelity of teleporting a quantum state from an input qubit to an infinitely distant output qubit shows the same critical onset. Specifically, these finite-time transitions occur in short-range interacting two-dimensional random unitary circuits and in sufficiently long-range interacting one-dimensional circuits. The phase transition is understood by mapping the random continuous-time evolution to a finite-temperature thermal state of an effective spin Hamiltonian, where the inverse temperature equals the evolution time in the circuit. In this framework, the entanglement between two distant qubits at times $t>t_c$ corresponds to the emergence of long-range ferromagnetic spin correlations below the critical temperature. We verify these predictions using numerical simulation of Clifford circuits and propose potential realizations in existing platforms for quantum simulation.
description: 5+8 pages, 3+4 figures, improved presentation, published version
Additional file 2: of Supplemental thiamine for the treatment of acute heart failure syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Smithline, Howard
name: Donnino, Michael
name: Blank, Fidela
name: Barus, Richard
name: Coute, Ryan
name: Knee, Alexander
name: Visintainer, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Table S3b. Physiologic outcomes by thiamine supplementation over time. Analysis excludes Time 2. (DOCX 20 kb)
The Imprint of Gravitational Waves in Models Dominated by a Dynamical Cosmic Scalar Field
Creators: name: Caldwell, R. R.
name: Steinhardt, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An alternative to the standard cold dark matter model has been recently proposed in which a significant fraction of the energy density of the universe is due to a dynamical scalar field ($Q$) whose effective equation-of-state differs from that of matter, radiation or cosmological constant ($Λ$). In this paper, we determine how the Q-component modifies the primordial inflation gravitational wave (tensor metric) contribution to the cosmic microwave background anisotropy and, thereby, one of the key tests of inflation.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, revtex, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Three Essays on Household Finance
Creators: Gupta, Arpit
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Mortgage loans
Households
Life change events
Foreclosure
Finance

description: This dissertation centers on the role of adverse shocks to household balance sheets in understanding consumer default behavior. The first chapter studies the role of foreclosure contagion: the role of proximate foreclosures in causally triggering other nearby residential defaults and foreclosures. I find that foreclosure activity causally increases nearby rates of consumer defaults. This paper uses an instrument further examined in the second essay which analyzes the role for adverse selection and moral hazard in mortgage markets; using as a distinction the initial and post-reset interest rates paid on Adjustable-Rate Mortgage contracts. The final essay analyzes the role for cancer diagnosis shocks on household default behavior.
Hyperspace Selections Avoiding Points
Creators: name: Gutev, Valentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54B20, 54C65, 54D05, 54D30, 54F05, 54F65

description: In this paper, we deal with a hyperspace selection problem in the setting of connected spaces. We present two solutions of this problem illustrating the difference between selections for the nonempty closed sets, and those for the at most two-point sets. In the first case, we obtain a characterisation of compact orderable spaces. In the latter case -- that of selections for at most two-point sets, the same selection property is equivalent to the existence of a ternary relation on the space, known as a cyclic order, and gives a characterisation of the so called weakly cyclically orderable spaces.
Statistical-thermodynamical foundations of anomalous diffusion
Creators: name: Zanette, Damian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that Tsallis' generalized statistics provides a natural frame for the statistical-thermodynamical description of anomalous diffusion. Within this generalized theory, a maximum-entropy formalism makes it possible to derive a mathematical formulation for the mechanisms that underly Levy-like superdiffusion, and for solving the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; to appear in special issue of Braz. J. Phys. as invited review
School-age population and educational planning in China
Creators: name: Zheng, Kaidi
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Educational planning China
subject: Population forecasting China

description: This study has projected, compared and analysed the trends in size of the total population, school-going population (aged 6-14) and level of school enrollment under various fertility assumptions for China during the period 1982-2012, as well as associated demands. The focus of this study is on the future school enrollment and its implications. Based on population projections by residence (rural and urban), under different mortality and fertility assumptions, this study has found that in general the size of the projected school-age population aged 6-14 and school enrollment for primary and junior high school show a falling trend broken by a substantial period of increase during the period 1982-2012, but the dimension of changes is varied under different fertility variants. With the passage of time, the differences among the projected results under different fertility variants become larger as a result of the intensified influence of fertility assumptions. Taking the projection results under the medium variant as an example, it is found that the school-going population decreases by 23 per cent during the period 1982-1992 for rural areas and by 32 per cent during the period 1982-1999 for urban areas; and increases by 35 per cent during 1992-2005 for rural areas and increase by less than 0.01 during the period 1999-2001 for urban areas; then decreases again starting from 2006 and 2002 to the end of the projection period for rural and urban areas respectively. It is further assumed that the enrollment rate will increase from 87.6 per cent in 1982 to about 99.8 per cent in 2002 for urban areas and from 73.1 per cent in 1982 to about 99.5 per cent in 2012 for rural areas, indicating the realization of a universal period of nine years of compulsory education. Correspondingly, a similar fluctuation occurs to the associated demands for teachers and funds. This study has also examined and evaluated some of the implications of the fluctuation of the projected trends of school-going population. Although the policy of population growth control will benefit the people's well-being and the national development, including the development of education, this kind of fluctuation in the population trends that will result from the implementation of the inconsistent population policy in the past must be taken into serious consideration by the policy-makers and education-planners. Flexible and appropriate strategies should be implemented in advance, for such aspects as the training of qualified teaching staff and available funds, in order to accommodate the future fluctuations in the demand for educational services.
New two-dimensional phase of tin chalcogenides: candidates for high-performance thermoelectric materials
Creators: name: Dong, Baojuan
name: Wang, Zhenhai
name: Hung, Nguyen T.
name: Oganov, Artem R.
name: Yang, Teng
name: Saito, Riichiro
name: Zhang, Zhidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tin-chalcogenides SnX (X = Te, Se and S) have been arousing research interest due to their thermoelectric physical properties. The two-dimensional (2D) counterparts, which are expected to enhance the property, nevertheless, have not been fully explored because of many possible structures. Generating variable composition of 2D Sn$_{1-x}$X$_{x}$ systems (X = Te, Se and S) has been performed using global searching method based on evolutionary algorithm combining with density functional calculations. A new hexagonal phase named by $β'$-SnX is found by Universal Structure Predictor Evolutionary Xtallography (USPEX), and the structural stability has been further checked by phonon dispersion calculation and the elasticity criteria. The $β'$-SnTe is the most stable among all possible 2D phases of SnTe including those experimentally available phases. Further, $β'$ phases of SnSe and SnS are also found energetically close to the most stable phases. High thermoelectronic (TE) performance has been achieved in the $β'$-SnX phases, which have dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) as high as $\sim$0.96 to 3.81 for SnTe, $\sim$0.93 to 2.51 for SnSe and $\sim$1.19 to 3.18 for SnS at temperature ranging from 300 K to 900 K with practically attainable carrier concentration of 5$\times$10$^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$. The high TE performance is resulted from a high power factor which is attributed to the quantum confinement of 2D materials and the band convergence near Fermi level, as well as low thermal conductivity mainly from both low elastic constants due to weak inter-Sn bonding strength and strong lattice anharmonicity.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Three Essays on How Parents and Schools Affect Offspring’s Outcomes
Creators: Shen, Menghan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: School integration
School integration--Social aspects
Fathers and sons--Political activity
Parental influences
Economics--Sociological aspects
Education--Economic aspects
Parent and child
Education
Economics

description: There are many ways parents can improve their offspring’s outcomes. For example, they can invest in offspring’s education or health. They can provide better social connections to obtain job information or personal references. In addition, they can exert political influence to obtain better labor market outcomes for their offspring.
      Understanding exactly how parents improve their offspring’s outcomes is very important for the formation of political perspectives and policy designs. However, it is very difficult to disentangle the factors, as parents of high socioeconomic status do many things to help their children succeed. This dissertation presents three quasi-experimental studies to understand the causal mechanisms of parents’ influence on children’s outcomes in the context of China and United States.
      Chapter two examines the implementation of court-ordered racial desegregation of schools and finds that school desegregation increases biracial births. This provides the first evidence of how an education policy that affects racial integration also has demographic implications and an intergenerational impact on social and economic opportunities.
      Chapter three examines the effect of school desegregation on infant health. This chapter adopts the same empirical strategy and data as chapter three. I extend the paper by examining the effect of school desegregation on infant health. I find that for black mothers, school desegregation improves infant health, as measured by preterm birth. It also increases maternal education and fertility age. These may be important pathways to improve infant health. Chapter two and chapter three add to the growing literature on the impact of school desegregation beyond academic achievement.
      Chapter five examines the effect of fathers’ political influence on offspring’s labor market outcomes in China. It presents a difference-in-difference approach that exploits the variation of political influence in three dimensions: parent bureaucrat occupation, retirement status instrumented by retirement policy, and offspring gender. Using cross-section data from China Household Income Survey, it finds that the retirement of a bureaucrat with political influence translates into a decrease in offspring’s income of 13 percent.
      Chapter six provides a summary and conclusions and discusses future research directions.
Additional file 2: of Haem iron reshapes colonic luminal environment: impact on mucosal homeostasis and microbiome through aldehyde formation
Creators: name: Martin, Océane
name: Olier, Maïwenn
name: Ellero-Simatos, Sandrine
name: Naud, Nathalie
name: Dupuy, Jacques
name: Huc, Laurence
name: Taché, Sylviane
name: Graillot, Vanessa
name: Levêque, Mathilde
name: Bézirard, Valérie
name: Héliès-Toussaint, Cécile
name: Estrada, Florence
name: Tondereau, Valérie
name: Lippi, Yannick
name: Naylies, Claire
name: Peyriga, Lindsey
name: Canlet, Cécile
name: Davila, Anne
name: Blachier, François
name: Ferrier, Laurent
name: Boutet-Robinet, Elisa
name: Guéraud, Françoise
name: Théodorou, Vassilia
name: Pierre, Fabrice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional figures. (PDF 1924 kb)
A Dimensionality Reduction Approach for Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Meneghetti, Laura
name: Demo, Nicola
name: Rozza, Gianluigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The focus of this paper is the application of classical model order reduction techniques, such as Active Subspaces and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, to Deep Neural Networks. We propose a generic methodology to reduce the number of layers of a pre-trained network by combining the aforementioned techniques for dimensionality reduction with input-output mappings, such as Polynomial Chaos Expansion and Feedforward Neural Networks. The necessity of compressing the architecture of an existing Convolutional Neural Network is motivated by its application in embedded systems with specific storage constraints. Our experiment shows that the reduced nets obtained can achieve a level of accuracy similar to the original Convolutional Neural Network under examination, while saving in memory allocation.
Testing the Dark Matter Hypothesis with Low Surface Brightness Galaxies and Other Evidence
Creators: name: McGaugh, Stacy
name: de Blok, Erwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The severity of the mass discrepancy in spiral galaxies is strongly correlated with the central surface brightness of the disk. Progressively lower surface brightness galaxies have ever larger mass discrepancies. No other parameter (luminosity, size, velocity, morphology) is so well correlated with the magnitude of the mass deficit. The rotation curves of low surface brightness disks thus provide a unique data set with which to probe the dark matter distribution in galaxies. The mass discrepancy is apparent from $R = 0$ giving a nearly direct map of the halo mass distribution. The luminous mass is insignificant. Interpreting the data in terms of dark matter leads to troublesome fine-tuning problems. Different observations require contradictory amounts of dark matter. Structure formation theories are as yet far from able to explain the observations.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 49 pages AAStex + 16 figures
Solar microflares: a case study on temperatures and the Fe XVIII emission
Creators: name: Mitra-Kraev, Urmila
name: Del Zanna, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss the temperature distribution and evolution of a microflare, simultaneously observed by Hinode XRT, EIS, and SDO AIA. We find using EIS lines that during peak emission the distribution is nearly isothermal and peaked around 4.5 MK. This temperature is in good agreement with that obtained from the XRT filter ratio, validating the use of XRT to study these small events, invisible by full-Sun X-ray monitors such as GOES. The increase in the estimated Fe XVIII emission in the AIA 94 Å band can mostly be explained with the small temperature increase from the background temperatures. The presence of Fe XVIII emission does not guarantee that temperatures of 7 MK are reached, as is often assumed. We also revisit with new atomic data the temperatures measured by a SoHO SUMER observation of an active region which produced microflares, also finding low temperatures (3 - 4 MK) from an Fe XVIII / Ca XIV ratio.
description: 12-13 pages, 17 figures (22 eps-files), 4 tables, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
The macro-effects of population growth on economic development in China since 1949
Creators: name: Li, Weisen
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: China Population
subject: China Economic conditions 1949-

description: This thesis attempts a preliminary estimate of the influence of population growth on macro-economic growth as well as on economic development in China since 1949. In the first chapter, it is proposed that three variables, the socio-economic systems, population dynamics and economic development, are inextricably interwoven in Chinese society. Therefore, when studying the impacts of population growth on economic development in China since 1949, the influence of socio-economic systems must be considered. Chapter Two and Chapter Three review histories of population and economy in the People's Republic of China since 1949. The two chapters also historically examine the feedback interplay between population growth and economic development in China. In Chapter Four, the impacts of population growth as well as the impacts of increases in the labour force on macro-economic growth in China since 1949 are examined. It is estimated that increments in labour force contributed about 40 per cent of the increase of GDP in China from 1953 to 1985. The statistical analysis in this chapter shows that there are no significant correlations between population growth and macro-economic growth. The influence of population growth on economic development in China since 1949 is examined and national welfare also defined in Chapter Four. Based on the function of increase of national welfare, it is found population growth in China since 1949 has had a strong adverse impact on the improvement of Chinese well-being. Finally the macro-costs of population growth in China since 1952 are estimated. In summary, although China's population growth shows complex interplay mechanisms with the economy, it can be concluded that population growth does have negative impacts on economic development.
An extended physics informed neural network for preliminary analysis of parametric optimal control problems
Creators: name: Demo, Nicola
name: Strazzullo, Maria
name: Rozza, Gianluigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work we propose an extension of physics informed supervised learning strategies to parametric partial differential equations. Indeed, even if the latter are indisputably useful in many applications, they can be computationally expensive most of all in a real-time and many-query setting. Thus, our main goal is to provide a physics informed learning paradigm to simulate parametrized phenomena in a small amount of time. The physics information will be exploited in many ways, in the loss function (standard physics informed neural networks), as an augmented input (extra feature employment) and as a guideline to build an effective structure for the neural network (physics informed architecture). These three aspects, combined together, will lead to a faster training phase and to a more accurate parametric prediction. The methodology has been tested for several equations and also in an optimal control framework.
Three Essays on Modeling Information Around Monetary Policy
Creators: Saia, Joseph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Economics
Monetary policy--Economic aspects
Monetary policy--Econometric models
Banks and banking, Central--Econometric models
Stock exchanges

description: This dissertation revolves around robustly measuring and using the information sets of the centralbank and financial markets in order to measure exogenous monetary policy. Modern central banks aggressively use all the available information at their disposal to effectively set monetary policy. This problem of “foresight” renders traditional time series methods ineffective; the information edge of central banks is too large. In the first chapter, I discuss refinements to existing narrative methods, which attempt to the central bank’s own forecasts to capture the information set of the central bank, thus removing their information edge over the econometrician. In the second chapter, I explore how the information sets of financial agents differ central banks and show that there is little direct information transfer between central banks and financial markets around monetary policy actions. Finally, the third chapter details how to use the information sets of financial sector actors to estimate exogenous monetary policy actions that is robust to financial sector revisions about the economy which can be due to the monetary policy actions.
Financial-cycle ratios and medium-term predictions of GDP: Evidence from the United States
Creators: name: Moramarco, Graziano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Using a large quarterly macroeconomic dataset for the period 1960-2017, we document the ability of specific financial ratios from the housing market and firms' aggregate balance sheets to predict GDP over medium-term horizons in the United States. A cyclically adjusted house price-to-rent ratio and the liabilities-to-income ratio of the non-financial non-corporate business sector provide the best in-sample and out-of-sample predictions of GDP growth over horizons of one to five years, based on a wide variety of rankings. Small forecasting models that include these indicators outperform popular high-dimensional models and forecast combinations. The predictive power of the two ratios appears strong during both recessions and expansions, stable over time, and consistent with well-established macro-finance theory.
description: The final version of this paper is in press at the International Journal of Forecasting. Available online 5 July 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2023.05.007
Toward dense QCD in quantum computers
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Arata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice QCD at nonzero baryon density is a big challenge in hadron physics. In this presentation, I discuss the quantum computation of lattice gauge theory at nonzero density. I show some benchmark results of the Schwinger model obtained by the quantum adiabatic algorithm and the quantum variational algorithm.
description: Talk given at the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE2021)
Concurrency and reachability in tree-like temporal networks
Creators: name: Lee, Eun
name: Emmons, Scott
name: Gibson, Ryan
name: Moody, James
name: Mucha, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Network properties govern the rate and extent of various spreading processes, from simple contagions to complex cascades. Recently, the analysis of spreading processes has been extended from static networks to temporal networks, where nodes and links appear and disappear. We focus on the effects of "accessibility", whether there is a temporally consistent path from one node to another, and "reachability", the density of the corresponding "accessibility graph" representation of the temporal network. The level of reachability thus inherently limits the possible extent of any spreading process on the temporal network. We study reachability in terms of the overall levels of temporal concurrency between edges and the structural cohesion of the network agglomerating over all edges. We use simulation results and develop heterogeneous mean field model predictions for random networks to better quantify how the properties of the underlying temporal network regulate reachability.
Advantage of the key relay protocol over secure network coding
Creators: name: Kato, Go
name: Fujiwara, Mikio
name: Tsurumaru, Toyohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The key relay protocol (KRP) plays an important role in improving the performance and the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) networks. On the other hand, there is also an existing research field called secure network coding (SNC), which has similar goal and structure. We here analyze differences and similarities between the KRP and SNC rigorously. We found, rather surprisingly, that there is a definite gap in security between the KRP and SNC; that is, certain KRPs achieve better security than any SNC schemes on the same graph. We also found that this gap can be closed if we generalize the notion of SNC by adding free public channels; that is, KRPs are equivalent to SNC schemes augmented with free public channels.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures. v2: We improved Theorem 2
Coordinate-free Solutions for Cosmological Superspace
Creators: name: Salopek, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hamilton-Jacobi theory for general relativity provides an elegant covariant formulation of the gravitational field. A general `coordinate-free' method of integrating the functional Hamilton-Jacobi equation for gravity and matter is described. This series approximation method represents a large generalization of the spatial gradient expansion that had been employed earlier. Additional solutions may be constructed using a nonlinear superposition principle. This formalism may be applied to problems in cosmology.
description: 11 pages, self-unpacking, uuencoded tex file, to be published in Physical Review D (1997)
title: Braunschwegisches Adreßbuch für das Jahr 1937
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Meyer
Year: 1937
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Stadt Braunschweig
subject: Adressbuch
subject: 902

description: Braunschweigisches Adreßbuch, vol. 1937
title: Braunschweigische Anzeigen : offizielles Regierungs- und Anzeigeblatt. 46. Jahr 1790
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei
Year: 1790
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Braunschweigische Anzeigen
subject: 902

description: Braunschweigische Anzeigen: offizielles Regierungs- und Anzeigeblatt, vol. 46. 1790
Entropy and typical properties of Nash equilibria in two-player games
Creators: name: Berg, Johannes
name: Weigt, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use techniques from the statistical mechanics of disordered systems to analyse the properties of Nash equilibria of bimatrix games with large random payoff matrices. By means of an annealed bound, we calculate their number and analyse the properties of typical Nash equilibria, which are exponentially dominant in number. We find that a randomly chosen equilibrium realizes almost always equal payoffs to either player. This value and the fraction of strategies played at an equilibrium point are calculated as a function of the correlation between the two payoff matrices. The picture is complemented by the calculation of the properties of Nash equilibria in pure strategies.
description: 6 pages, was "Self averaging of Nash equilibria in two player games", main section rewritten, some new results, for additional information see http://itp.nat.uni-magdeburg.de/~jberg/games.html