cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A proposal for a manifestly gauge invariant and universal calculus in Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Arnone, Stefano
name: Gatti, Antonio
name: Morris, Tim R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We uncover a method of calculation that proceeds at every step without fixing the gauge or specifying details of the regularisation scheme. Results are obtained by iterated use of integration by parts and gauge invariance identities. The initial stages can even be computed diagrammatically. The method is formulated within the framework of an exact renormalization group for SU(N) Yang-Mills gauge theory, incorporating an effective cutoff through a manifest spontaneously broken SU(N|N) gauge invariance. We demonstrate the technique with a compact calculation of the one-loop beta function, achieving a manifestly universal result, and without gauge fixing, for the first time at finite N.
description: 54 pages, 24 figures, uses JHEP3.cls
A combined epigenome- and transcriptome-wide association study of the oral masticatory mucosa assigns CYP1B1 a central role for epithelial health in smokers
Creators: name: Richter, Gesa M.
name: Kruppa, Jochen
name: Munz, Matthias
name: Wiehe, Ricarda
name: Häsler, Robert
name: Franke, Andre
name: Martins, Orlando
name: Jockel-Schneider, Yvonne
name: Bruckmann, Corinna
name: Dommisch, Henrik
name: Schaefer, Arne S.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: epigenome-wide association study (EWAS)
subject: expression
subject: masticatory mucosa
subject: CYP1B1
subject: AHRR
subject: cytochrome P 450 pathway
subject: OSCC
subject: smoking
subject: methylation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The oral mucosa has an important role in maintaining barrier integrity at the gateway to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Smoking is a strong environmental risk factor for the common oral inflammatory disease periodontitis and oral cancer. Cigarette smoke affects gene methylation and expression in various tissues. This is the first epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) that aimed to identify biologically active methylation marks of the oral masticatory mucosa that are associated with smoking. Results: Ex vivo biopsies of 18 current smokers and 21 never smokers were analysed with the Infinium Methylation EPICBeadChip and combined with whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq; 16 mio reads per sample) of the same samples. We analysed the associations of CpG methylation values with cigarette smoking and smoke pack year (SPY) levels in an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Nine CpGs were significantly associated with smoking status, with three CpGs mapping to the genetic region of CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1; best p = 5.5 × 10−8) and two mapping to AHRR (aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor; best p = 5.9 × 10−9). In the SPY analysis, 61 CpG sites at 52 loci showed significant associations of the quantity of smoking with changes in methylation values. Here, the most significant association located to the gene CYP1B1, with p = 4.0 × 10−10. RNA-Seq data showed significantly increased expression of CYP1B1 in smokers compared to non-smokers (p = 2.2 × 10−14), together with 13 significantly upregulated transcripts. Six transcripts were significantly downregulated. No differential expression was observed for AHRR. In vitro studies with gingival fibroblasts showed that cigarette smoke extract directly upregulated the expression of CYP1B1. Conclusion: This study validated the established role of CYP1B1 and AHRR in xenobiotic metabolism of tobacco smoke and highlights the importance of epigenetic regulation for these genes. For the first time, we give evidence of this role for the oral masticatory mucosa.
MOESM4 of Heterogeneity in HIV and cellular transcription profiles in cell line models of latent and productive infection: implications for HIV latency
Creators: name: Sushama Telwatte
name: Morón-López, Sara
name: Aran, Dvir
name: Kim, Peggy
name: Hsieh, Christine
name: Joshi, Sunil
name: Montano, Mauricio
name: Greene, Warner
name: Butte, Atul
name: Wong, Joseph
name: Yukl, Steven
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S2. Complete assay panel.
Genome reorganization in different cancer types: detection of cancer specific breakpoint regions
Creators: name: Standfuß, Christoph
name: Parczyk, Jonas
name: Ruhnau, Jerome
name: Klein, Andreas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
subject: Breast cancer
subject: Melanoma
subject: Copy number variation
subject: Cancer genomics
subject: Breakpoint
subject: genome reorganization
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Tumorigenesis is a multi-step process which is accompanied by substantial changes in genome organization. The development of these changes is not only a random process, but rather comprise specific DNA regions that are prone to the reorganization process. Results: We have analyzed previously published SNP arrays from three different cancer types (pancreatic adenocarcinoma, breast cancer and metastatic melanoma) and from non-malignant control samples. We calculated segmental copy number variations as well as breakpoint regions. Some of these regions were not randomly involved in genome reorganization since we detected fifteen of them in at least 20% of all tumor samples and one region on chromosome 9 where 43% of tumors have a breakpoint. Further, the top-15 breakpoint regions show an association to known fragile sites. The relevance of these common breakpoint regions was further confirmed by analyzing SNP arrays from 917 cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Our analyses suggest that genome reorganization is common in tumorigenesis and that some breakpoint regions can be found across all cancer types, while others exclusively occur in specific entities.
Impact of agronomic uncertainty in biomass production and endogenous commodity prices on cellulosic biofuel feedstock composition
Creators: name: Dumortier, Jerome
name: Dumortier, Jerome
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: agricultural residues
subject: crop prices
subject: land use
subject: Miscanthus
subject: pasture
subject: switchgrass

description: This paper evaluates the effect of agronomic uncertainty on bioenergy crop production as well as endogenous commodity and biomass prices on the feedstock composition of cellulosic biofuels under a binding mandate in the United States. The county-level simulation model focuses on both field crops (corn, soybean, and wheat) and biomass feedstocks (corn stover, wheat straw, switchgrass, and miscanthus). In addition, pasture serves as a potential area for bioenergy crop production. The economic model is calibrated to 2022 in terms of yield, crop demand, and baseline prices and allocates land optimally among the alternative crops given the binding cellulosic biofuel mandate. The simulation scenarios differ in terms of bioenergy crop type (switchgrass and miscanthus) and yield, biomass production inputs, and pasture availability. The cellulosic biofuel mandates range from 15 to 60 billion liters. The results indicate that the 15 and 30 billion liter mandates in the high production input scenarios for switchgrass and miscanthus are covered entirely by agricultural residues. With the exception of the low production input for miscanthus scenario, the share of agricultural residues is always over 50% for all other scenarios including the 60 billion liter mandate. The largest proportion of agricultural land dedicated to either switchgrass or miscanthus is found in the Southern Plains and the Southeast. Almost no bioenergy crops are grown in the Midwest across all scenarios. Changes in the prices for the three commodities are negligible for cellulosic ethanol mandates because most of the mandate is met with agricultural residues. The lessons learned are that (1) the share of agricultural residue in the feedstock mix is higher than previously estimated and (2) for a given mandate, the feedstock composition is relatively stable with the exception of one scenario.
Spillovers
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Alston, Julian M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Interstate and international spillovers from public agricultural research and development (R&D) investments account for a significant share of agricultural productivitygrowth. Hence, spillovers of agricultural R&D results across geopolitical boundaries have implications for measures of research impacts on productivity, and the implied rates of return to research, as well as for state, national and international agricultural research policy. In studies of aggregate state or national agricultural productivity, interstate or international R&D spillovers might account for half or more of the total measured productivitygrowth. Similarly, results from studies of particular crop technologies indicate that international technology spillovers, and multinational impacts of technologies from international centres, were important elements in the total picture of agricultural development in the 20th Century. Within countries, funding institutions have been developed to address spatial spillovers of agricultural technologies. The fact that corresponding institutions have not been developed for international spillovers has contributed to a global underinvestment in certain types of agricultural research.
Probabilistic generation of entanglement in optical cavities
Creators: name: Sorensen, Anders S.
name: Molmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to produce entanglement by measuring the transmission of an optical cavity. Conditioned on the detection of a reflected photon, pairs of atoms in the cavity are prepared in maximally entangled states. The success probability depends on the cavity parameters, but high quality entangled states may be produced with a high probability even for cavities of moderate quality.
description: 4+epsilon pages, including 3 figures. v2: improved discussion of imperfections. v3: corrected typos in Eqs. (3) and (4) + minor changes. v4: improved discussion of ring cavity
Superconformal Symmetry in 11D Superspace and the M-Theory Effective Action
Creators: name: Gates, S. James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a theorem about non-trivial 11D supergravity fluctuations that are conformally related to flat superspace geometry. Under the assumption that a theory of conformal 11D supergravity exists, similar in form to that of previously constructed theories in lower dimensions, this theorem demands the appearance of non-vanishing dimension 1/2 torsion tensors in order to accommodate a non-trivial 11D conformal compensator and thus M-theory corrections that break super-conformal symmetry. At the complete non-linear level, a presentation of a conventional minimal superspace realization of Weyl symmetry in eleven dimensional superspace is also described. All of our results taken together imply that there exists some realization of conformal symmetry relevant for the M-theory effective action. We thus led to conjecture this is also true for the full and complete M-theory.
description: 24 pages, no figures, LaTeX twice, subsequent expanded treatment of conf. geo
Typhlops platyrhynchus Sternfeld
Creators: name: Broadley, Donald G.
name: Wallach, Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Typhlopidae
Typhlops
Typhlops platyrhynchus

description: Typhlops platyrhynchus Sternfeld
(Fig. 3C)
Tanga blind-snake
 Typhlops platyrhynchus Sternfeld, 1910b, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 5(1): 69. Type locality: “ Tanga, Deutsch-Ostafrika ” [= Tanzania], syntypes MCZ 39798, ZMB 20729, ZMB 63442 (formerly 20729A), ZMB 63443 (formerly 20729B), collected by Martienssen; Sternfeld, 1910c: 11; Boulenger, 1915b: 615; Werner, 1921: 299; Schmidt, 1923: 33; Loveridge, 1924: 3, 1957b: 243; Uthmöller, 1941a: 40; Barbour & Loveridge, 1946: 210; Roux-Estève, 1974: 45, figs. 13.8 & 26, 1975a: 490, fig. 30; Hahn, 1977: 37, 1980: 67; Welch, 1982: 129, 1994: 73; Broadley & Howell, 1991: 21; Meirte, 1992: 23; Frank & Ramus, 1995: 254; Wallach, 1998a: 183, 1998b: 422; Mattison, 1999: 148; McDiarmid et al., 1999: 113; Bauer et al., 2002: 165; Spawls et al., 2002: 285, 2006: 92; Murphy, 2003: 552; Brogard, 2005: 115.
 Description. Snout rounded, prominent. Rostral oval; frontal a laterally truncated crescent; supraocular oblique, its lateral apex between preocular and ocular; eye distinct, under ocular; nasal sulcus arising from the second labial and extending forward towards the rostral, so that the nasal is almost divided; SIP T-III-P (N1, P, P/O, O); MSR 24; MD 400–425 (mean 414.7, n = 4); vertebrae 218–227 (mean 222.7, n = 3); MD/V ratio 1.83–1.87 (mean 1.86, n = 3); L/D ratio 50–60 (mean 55.0, n = 4). Pale reddish-yellow, paler below. Largest specimen (MCZ 39798— Tanga, Tanzania) has a total length of 273 mm.
 Distribution. Northeastern Tanzania, NSL (Fig. 11). Known only from the four syntypes.
 Localities. Tanzania: Tanga. MCZ 39798; ZMB 20729, 20729 A–B (syntypes of Typhlops platyrhynchus Sternfeld).
description: Published as part of Broadley, Donald G. & Wallach, Van, 2009, 2255, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 2255 on pages 25-26
MOESM3 of Heterogeneity in HIV and cellular transcription profiles in cell line models of latent and productive infection: implications for HIV latency
Creators: name: Sushama Telwatte
name: Morón-López, Sara
name: Aran, Dvir
name: Kim, Peggy
name: Hsieh, Christine
name: Joshi, Sunil
name: Montano, Mauricio
name: Greene, Warner
name: Butte, Atul
name: Wong, Joseph
name: Yukl, Steven
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. caHIV RNA transcript ratios.
Ninjurin1 regulates striated muscle growth and differentiation
Creators: name: Kny, Melanie
name: Csályi, Kitti D.
name: Klaeske, Kristin
name: Busch, Katharina
name: Meyer, Alexander M.
name: Merks, Anne M.
name: Darm, Katrin
name: Dworatzek, Elke
name: Fliegner, Daniela
name: Baczko, Istvan
name: Regitz-Sagrosek, Vera
name: Butter, Christian
name: Luft, Friedrich C.
name: Panáková, Daniela
name: Fielitz, Jens
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: cultured myocytes
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Chronic pressure overload due to aortic valve stenosis leads to pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Hypertrophy is accompanied by an increase in myocyte surface area, which requires a proportional increase in the number of cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts to withstand enhanced workload. In a proteomic analysis we identified nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1), a 16kDa transmembrane cell-surface protein involved in cell adhesion and nerve repair, to be increased in hypertrophic hearts from patients with aortic stenosis. We hypothesised that Ninjurin1 is involved in myocyte hypertrophy. We analyzed cardiac biopsies from aortic-stenosis patients and control patients undergoing elective heart surgery. We studied cardiac hypertrophy in mice after transverse aortic constriction and angiotensin II infusions, and performed mechanistic analyses in cultured myocytes. We assessed the physiological role of ninjurin1 in zebrafish during heart and skeletal muscle development. Ninjurin1 was increased in hearts of aortic stenosis patients, compared to controls, as well as in hearts from mice with cardiac hypertrophy. Besides the 16kDa Ninjurin1 (Ninjurin1-16) we detected a 24kDa variant of Ninjurin1 (Ninjurin1-24), which was predominantly expressed during myocyte hypertrophy. We disclosed that the higher molecular weight of Ninjurin1-24 was caused by N-glycosylation. Ninjurin1-16 was contained in the cytoplasm of myocytes where it colocalized with stress-fibers. In contrast, Ninjurin1-24 was localized at myocyte membranes. Gain and loss-of-function experiments showed that Ninjurin1-24 plays a role in myocyte hypertrophy and myogenic differentiation in vitro. Reduced levels of ninjurin1 impaired cardiac and skeletal muscle development in zebrafish. We conclude that Ninjurin1 contributes to myocyte growth and differentiation, and that these effects are mainly mediated by N-glycosylated Ninjurin1-24.
Conservation laws in the quantum Hall Liouvillian theory and its generalizations
Creators: name: Moore, Joel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the localization length scaling of noninteracting electrons near the quantum Hall plateau transition can be described in a theory of the bosonic density operators, with no reference to the underlying fermions. The resulting ``Liouvillian'' theory has a $U(1|1)$ global supersymmetry as well as a hierarchy of geometric conservation laws related to the noncommutative geometry of the lowest Landau level (LLL). Approximations to the Liouvillian theory contain quite different physics from standard approximations to the underlying fermionic theory. Mean-field and large-N generalizations of the Liouvillian are shown to describe problems of noninteracting bosons that enlarge the $U(1|1)$ supersymmetry to $U(1|1) \times SO(N)$ or $U(1|1) \times SU(N)$. These noninteracting bosonic problems are studied numerically for $2 \leq N \leq 8$ by Monte Carlo simulation and compared to the original N=1 Liouvillian theory. The $N>1$ generalizations preserve the first two of the hierarchy of geometric conservation laws, leading to logarithmic corrections at order 1/N to the diffusive large-N limit, but do not preserve the remaining conservation laws. The emergence of nontrivial scaling at the plateau transition, in the Liouvillian approach, is shown to depend sensitively on the unusual geometry of Landau levels.
description: 13 pages
Secondary analysis of an RCT on Emergency Department-Initiated Tobacco Control: Repeatedly assessed point-prevalence abstinence up to 12 months and extension of results through a 10-year follow-up
Creators: name: Weiss-Gerlach, Edith
name: McCarthy, William J.
name: Wellmann, Jürgen
name: Graunke, Marie
name: Spies, Claudia
name: Neuner, Bruno
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: generalized linear mixed model
subject: Tobacco Control in an Urban Emergency Department
subject: randomized controlled trial
subject: tobacco use cessation
subject: emergency service
subject: long-term follow-up
subject: hospital
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: INTRODUCTION Emergency departments (EDs) are opportune places for tobacco control interventions. The ‘Tobacco Control in an Urban Emergency Department’(TED) study, ISRCTN41527831, originally evaluated the effect of motivational interviewing on-site plus up to four booster telephone calls on 12-month abstinence. This study’s aim was to evaluate the effect of the intervention on 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 10 years follow-up (primary outcome) as well as on repeated point-prevalence abstinence at 1, 3, 6, 12 months and at 10 years (continual smoking abstinence, secondary outcome). METHODS At the 10 years follow-up and after informed consent, study participants responded to a mailed questionnaire. The primary outcome was analyzed in observed-only and in all-cases analyses. The secondary outcomes were analyzed using a multiple adjusted GLMM for binary outcomes. RESULTS Out of 1012 TED-study participants, 986 (97.4%) were alive and 231 (23.4% of 986) responded to the follow-up at 10 years. For observed-only and all-cases analyses, the effect of the baseline intervention on 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at the 10 years follow-up was statistically non-significant. However, when taking into account all repeated measures, the intervention significantly influenced continual abstinence with odds ratio 1.32 (95% CI: 1.01–1.73; p=0.042). Baseline motivation, perceived self-efficacy to stop smoking, and nicotine dependency were independently associated with long-term continual smoking abstinence (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A conventional analysis failed to confirm a significant effect of the EDinitiated tobacco control intervention on the point-prevalence abstinence at 10 years. Results from a more integrative analysis nonetheless indicated an enduring intervention effect on continual abstinence among smokers first encountered in the emergency department setting 10 years earlier.
One little Lebanese cucumber is not going to break the bank: Price in the choice of fresh fruits and vegetables
Creators: name: Owen, Kate M.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Wright, Vic
name: Owen, Kate M.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Wright, Vic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper reports on empirical research into individual consumer behaviour in the context of fresh fruit and vegetable purchases. The discussion draws on research results from two studies conducted around the actual shopping process. The findings suggest that consumers’ price response behaviour may not be consistent with that predicted by economic theory and that this could be significant at the aggregate level. The existence of ‘acceptable price ranges’ points to the presence of price thresholds within which consumers are relatively insensitive to price movements. Also of relevance is that the primary influence of the budget constraint may be at a broader level rather than at the level of choosing particular products.
Interrelationship between water film thicknesses and contact angles and a model for CO2 adhesion
Creators: name: Hu, Wenfeng
name: Chen, Cong
name: Li, Weizhong
name: Song, Yongchen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Thermodynamics of contact angle phenomena is strongly affected by the presence of thin liquid films. However, at present, studies for CO2/brine/mineral systems only consider the films apart from contact angles. In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to simultaneously investigate the interrelationship between water film thicknesses and water contact angles. Two types of contact angles were considered namely Young’s contact angle (no water film is present) and contact angle with film (a stable film is present). The results showed that as Young’s contact angle increased, film thickness decreased which leading to increasing of contact angle with film. The effects of CO2-mineral pre-contact have also been investigated and it has been found that on mediate hydrophilic surfaces (Q3), water films were present when CO2 droplets were placed above the surfaces, however, water films were absent when CO2 droplets directly contact with the surfaces. This phenomenon implies that water films on mineral surfaces have a possibility to rupture and a film rupture mechanism for CO2 adhesion on hydrated mineral surfaces was proposed. These results may provide new information on interactions among CO2, water/brine and mineral to better understand the behaviour of CO2 during geologic sequestration.
Theories about the Commencement of Agriculture in Prehistoric Societies: A Critical Evaluation
Creators: name: Svizzero, Serge
name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Svizzero, Serge
name: Tisdell, Clem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Agricultural commencement
subject: Domestication
subject: Institutions
subject: Natural endowments
subject: Neolithic transition.

description: The commencement of agriculture in the Holocene era is usually seen as heralding the beginning of a chain of events that eventually resulted in the Industrial Revolution and in modern economic development. The purpose of this paper is to outline and critically review theories about why and how agriculture first began. It also classifies these theories according to whether they are based on agriculture’s development as a response to food deprivation, to a food surplus, or neither of these factors. Because agriculture began independently in several different geographical centres, it seems unlikely that the switch of early societies from hunting and gathering to agriculture was the result of the same cause in all of these locations. Moreover, the paper provides some new suggestions as to why hunters and gatherers were motivated to commence or increase their dependence on agriculture in some locations. Views about the role of natural resources and institutions in the development of agriculture are also discussed.
MOESM1 of Decreased plasma phospholipid concentrations and increased acid sphingomyelinase activity are accurate biomarkers for community-acquired pneumonia
Creators: name: Arshad, Haroon
name: Alfonso, Juan
name: Franke, Raimo
name: Michaelis, Katina
name: Araujo, Leonardo
name: Aamna Habib
name: Zboromyrska, Yuliya
name: Lücke, Eva
name: Strungaru, Emilia
name: Manas Akmatov
name: Haralampos Hatzikirou
name: Meyer-Hermann, Michael
name: Petersmann, Astrid
name: Nauck, Matthias
name: Brönstrup, Mark
name: Bilitewski, Ursula
name: Abel, Laurent
name: Sievers, Jorg
name: Vila, Jordi
name: Illig, Thomas
name: Schreiber, Jens
name: Pessler, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Efficiency of analyte detection across all samples. The percentage of samples in which the analytes were detected > LOD is indicated by the fill darkness. All analytes detected > LOD in ≥ 75% of the samples (black and dark grey fill) were included in subsequent analyses. (A) Of the 145 potentially detectable lipids, 111 were detected > LOD in ≥ 75% of the samples. (B) The same lipids as in (A) but separated by lipid class. Detection efficiency was greatest for glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Figure S2. Contribution of each lipid analyte and indicator to the principal components PC1 and PC2, and the square root of the sum of their squares. The higher the absolute value, the higher the influence on the principal component. (A) Analysis based on concentrations of all 111 lipid analytes; (B) PC only; (C) SM only; (D) AC only; (E) lysoPC only; and (F) 47 metabolic indicators. Results are arranged in descending order according to the PC’s values. Figure S3. Exogenously increasing CRP concentrations does not decrease measured plasma lipid concentrations. Normal human plasma (n = 3 replicates per treatment) was incubated with increasing concentrations of recombinant CRP, extracted with 85% EtOH/15% PBS and then analyzed for concentrations of 145 lipids using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit. Increasing CRP concentrations are not associated with decreased concentrations of any of the four lipid classes. (A) phosphatidylcholines, (B) lysophosphatidylcholines, (C) sphingomyelins, and (D) acylcarnitines and tables.
N=8 matter coupled AdS_3 supergravities
Creators: name: Nicolai, H.
name: Samtleben, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the recent construction of maximal (N=16) gauged supergravity in three dimensions, we derive gauged D=3, N=8 supergravities in three dimensions as deformations of the corresponding ungauged theories with scalar manifolds SO(8,n)/(SO(8)x SO(n)). As a special case, we recover the N=(4,4) theories with local SO(4) = SO(3)_L x SO(3)_R, which reproduce the symmetries and massless spectrum of D=6, N=(2,0) supergravity compactified on AdS_3 x S^3.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX2e
Afrotyphlops kaimosae
Creators: name: Broadley, Donald G.
name: Wallach, Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Typhlopidae
Afrotyphlops
Afrotyphlops kaimosae

description: Afrotyphlops kaimosae (Loveridge)
(Fig. 4C)
Kakamega blind-snake
 Typhlops kaimosae Loveridge, 1935, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 79(1): 5. Type locality: “Kaimosi Forest, near Friends’ Africa Mission, Kakamega District, Nyanza Province, Kenya Colony” [= Kenya], holotype MCZ 40060, collected by A. Loveridge, 7 March 1934; Loveridge, 1936: 226, 1957b: 243, 1960: 267; Pitman, 1938: 44; Uthmöller, 1941a: 40; Barbour & Loveridge, 1946: 209; Roux-Estève, 1974: 47, 1975b: 56; Spawls, 1978: 1; Hahn, 1980: 50; McDiarmid et al., 1999: 90.
 Typhlops angolensis — Roux-Estève, 1974: 47 (part), 1975b: 56 (part); Spawls, 1978: 2.
 Description. Snout rounded, prominent. Rostral oval dorsally, moderate ventrally; frontal hexagonal; supraocular transverse, its lateral apex between preocular and ocular; eye visible beneath ocular adjacent to preocular border; nasal sulcus arising from first (right) or second (left) labial; nasal in contact with ocular inferiorly, excluding preocular from lip; SIP T-X (N-N-O-O). MSR 28 with no scale row reductions; MD 390; vertebrae 215; MD/V ratio 1.81; L/D ratio 43. Dark brown above, scales lighter basally, not forming a lineate or punctate pattern, slightly lighter below. Length originally 215 mm, now 208 mm.
 Habitat. Lowland rainforest.
 Distribution. Known only from the holotype (Fig. 12).
 Locality. KENYA. Kaimosi MCZ 40060 (holotype of Typhlops kaimosae Loveridge).
description: Published as part of Broadley, Donald G. & Wallach, Van, 2009, 2255, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 2255 on page 32
True muonium production in ultraperipheral $PbPb$ collisions
Creators: name: Azevedo, C.
name: Goncalves, V. P.
name: Moreira, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the production of a true muonium state, which is an atom consisting of a $μ^+ μ^-$ bound state, by $γγ$ interactions in ultraperipheral $PbPb$ collisions considering an accurate treatment of the absorptive corrections and for the nuclear form factor. The rapidity distributions and cross sections are estimated considering the RHIC, LHC and FCC energies. Our results indicate that the experimental analysis can be useful to observe, for the first time, the true muonium state.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Improved version published in Physical Review C
Inequality and Wealth Creation in Ancient History: Malthus' Theory Reconsidered
Creators: name: Svizzero, Serge
name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Svizzero, Serge
name: Tisdell, Clem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: economic surplus
subject: elite dominance
subject: early civilizations
subject: inequality
subject: Malthus
subject: property rights
subject: wealth.

description: The main purpose of this paper is to propose the hypothesis that inequality was essential for the sustainability and ‘development’ of early agriculturally based societies that developed in Prehistory and Ancient History. This was so for varied reasons: there was a need for some members of societies - the dominant class also called the elite - to escape from the Malthusian trap. In most cases, agriculture produced a bigger economic surplus eventually. Managerial problems – such as the ones associated with storage, the division of labor, irrigation, trade –being part of the consequences of the Neolithic revolution, created pressures to develop more centralized political organizations, a process which led later to the formation of the early states. This process allowed the appearance of powerful local chiefs who changed the nature of their original communities with new forms of social organization, in which one individual and his enlarged family - transformed into a ruling elite - received the benefits of the labor of a large number of serfs belonging to less-favored communities in neighboring areas. Although the surplus appropriated by the elite was used in specific ways – consumption, investments and expenditures on armed forces - it increased the power and wealth of these societies, albeit a solution involving unequally distributed wealth. While this is not the only factor in the growing dominance of agriculturally based societies, it is one of main ones as is evidenced by considering six early civilizations resulting from the Neolithic revolution. This result involves an important modification of Malthus’ theory. However, inequality - though necessary - was not a sufficient condition for the sustainability and economic development of these early societies.
Additional file 1 of The influence of balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements on preimplantation embryonic development potential and molecular karyotype
Creators: name: Li, Gang
name: Shi, Weiyi
name: Niu, Wenbin
name: Xu, Jiawei
name: Guo, Yihong
name: Su, Yingchun
name: Sun, Yingpu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The outcome of SNP or NGS.
First-principles study of the charge ordered phase in $κ$-D$_3$(Cat-EDT-TTF/ST)$_2$: Stability of $π$-electron deuterium coupled ordering in hydrogen-bonded molecular conductors
Creators: name: Tsumuraya, Takao
name: Seo, Hitoshi
name: Miyazaki, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electronic and structural properties of the low-temperature ordered phase of hydrogen-bonded molecular conductors, $κ$-D$_3$(Cat-EDT-TTF)$_2$ and its selenium-substituted analog $κ$-D$_3$(Cat-EDT-ST)$_2$, by means of first-principles density functional theory~(DFT) calculations. In these compounds, the charge ordering in the $π$-electron system is coupled with the ordering of the displacements in the deuteriums forming the hydrogen-bond, equally shared by two oxygens in the high-temperature phase. While the structural optimization within the standard DFT method based on the generalized gradient approximation fails to reproduce the structural stability of the charge-ordered (CO) phase, we show that a hybrid functional of Heyd, Scuseria, and Ernzerhof can reproduce structural characters of the CO phase, owing to the more localized nature of the wave functions. Furthermore, using the ability of the hybrid functional to predict the electronic and structural properties, we find a stable noncentrosymmetric CO phase with another pattern of deuterium ordering.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Serum vitamin D levels in Berliners of Turkish descent –a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Krist, Lilian
name: Keller, Theresa
name: Becher, Heiko
name: Jöckel, Karl-Heinz
name: Schlaud, Martin
name: Willich, Stefan N.
name: Keil, Thomas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Vitamin D
subject: Vitamin D deficiency
subject: Migrants
subject: Turkish
subject: Germany
subject: Public Health
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Vitamin D levels may differ between migrant and non-migrant populations, especially among non-western immigrants living in a country with limited sun exposure such as Germany. This study examined serum vitamin D concentration and associated factors among Berliners with and without Turkish background. Methods: Two samples (with and without Turkish roots) were recruited in the inner city of Berlin for a cross-sectional study assessing serum vitamin D concentration. Linear regression analyses were used to examine sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical factors associated with serum vitamin D levels. Results: In the analyses, we included 537 subjects (39% men and 61% women, age 43.2 ± 12.5 (mean ± standard deviation) years) with and 112 without Turkish background (46% men and 54% women, age 46.7 ± 14.6 years). The Turkish sample had lower mean (95%-Confidence Interval) vitamin D levels than the non-Turkish sample: 22.7 nmol/L (21.5;23.9) vs 34.7 nmol/L (31.9;37.5), p < 0.001. In the Turkish female subgroup, veiled women had considerably lower levels than unveiled women: 14.4 nmol/L (11.5;17.3) vs 24.9 nmol/L (23.1;26.7), p < 0.001. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that among the Berliners of Turkish descent, being active less than 150 min per day, and being overweight/obese were independently associated with a lower vitamin D concentration. In the non-migrant sample besides being overweight and obese, female sex was associated with lower vitamin D concentrations. Conclusions: Serum vitamin D levels were considerably low in Berliners of Turkish descent, and especially in veiled women. Potentially modifiable factors of low vitamin D levels were high BMI and low physical activity. These findings should be considered in the development of future public health strategies for subpopulations with Turkish migration background.
The CLASS 150/220 GHz Polarimeter Array: Design, Assembly, and Characterization
Creators: name: Dahal, Sumit
name: Amiri, Mandana
name: Appel, John W.
name: Bennett, Charles L.
name: Corbett, Lance
name: Datta, Rahul
name: Denis, Kevin
name: Essinger-Hileman, Thomas
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Helson, Kyle
name: Hilton, Gene
name: Hubmayr, Johannes
name: Keller, Benjamin
name: Marriage, Tobias
name: Nunez, Carolina
name: Petroff, Matthew
name: Reintsema, Carl
name: Rostem, Karwan
name: U-Yen, Kongpop
name: Wollack, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the development of a polarization-sensitive dichroic (150/220 GHz) detector array for the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) delivered to the telescope site in June 2019. In concert with existing 40 and 90 GHz telescopes, the 150/220 GHz telescope will make observations of the cosmic microwave background over large angular scales aimed at measuring the primordial B-mode signal, the optical depth to reionization, and other fundamental physics and cosmology. The 150/220 GHz focal plane array consists of three detector modules with 1020 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers in total. Each dual-polarization pixel on the focal plane contains four bolometers to measure the two linear polarization states at 150 and 220 GHz. Light is coupled through a planar orthomode transducer (OMT) fed by a smooth-walled feedhorn array made from an aluminum-silicon alloy (CE7). In this work, we discuss the design, assembly, and in-lab characterization of the 150/220 GHz detector array. The detectors are photon-noise limited, and we estimate the total array noise-equivalent power (NEP) to be 2.5 and 4 aW$\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$ for 150 and 220 GHz arrays, respectively.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, Published in J Low Temp Phys
The effect of CSF drain on the optic nerve in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Jan
name: Kreutz, Katharina Maria
name: Csapó-Schmidt, Christoph
name: Becker, Nils
name: Kunte, Hagen
name: Fekonja, Lucius Samo
name: Jadan, Anas
name: Wiener, Edzard
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: idiopathic intracranial hypertension
subject: MRI
subject: DTI
subject: optic nerve
subject: intracranial pressure
subject: lumbar puncture
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Elevation of intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension induces an edema of the prelaminar section of the optic nerve (papilledema). Beside the commonly observed optic nerve sheath distention, information on a potential pathology of the retrolaminar section of the optic nerve and the short-term effect of normalization of intracranial pressure on these abnormalities remains scarce. Methods: In this exploratory study 8 patients diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension underwent a MRI scan (T2 mapping) as well as a diffusion tensor imaging analysis (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity). In addition, the clinical presentation of headache and its accompanying symptoms were assessed. Intracranial pressure was then normalized by lumbar puncture and the initial parameters (MRI and clinical features) were re-assessed within 26 h. Results: After normalization of CSF pressure, the morphometric MRI scans of the optic nerve and optic nerve sheath remained unchanged. In the diffusion tensor imaging, the fractional anisotropy value was reduced suggesting a tissue decompression of the optic nerve after lumbar puncture. In line with these finding, headache and most of the accompanying symptoms also improved or remitted within that short time frame. Conclusion: The findings support the hypothesis that the elevation of intracranial pressure induces a microstructural compression of the optic nerve impairing axoplasmic flow and thereby causing the prelaminar papilledema. The microstructural compression of the optic nerve as well as the clinical symptoms improve within hours of normalization of intracranial pressure.
Relating the Lorentzian and exponential: Fermi's approximation,the Fourier transform and causality
Creators: name: Bohm, A.
name: Harshman, N. L.
name: Walther, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fourier transform is often used to connect the Lorentzian energy distribution for resonance scattering to the exponential time dependence for decaying states. However, to apply the Fourier transform, one has to bend the rules of standard quantum mechanics; the Lorentzian energy distribution must be extended to the full real axis $-\infty
description: 23 pages, no figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. A
Expression Analysis of Fibronectin Type III Domain-Containing (FNDC) Genes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer
Creators: name: Wuensch, Tilo
name: Wizenty, Jonas
name: Quint, Janina
name: Spitz, Wolfgang
name: Bosma, Madeleen
name: Becker, Olaf
name: Adler, Andreas
name: Veltzke-Schlieker, Wilfried
name: Stockmann, Martin
name: Weiss, Sascha
name: Biebl, Matthias
name: Pratschke, Johann
name: Aigner, Felix
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
subject: Colorectal cancer
subject: proteins
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background. Fibronectin type III domain-containing (FNDC) proteins fulfill manifold functions in tissue development and regulation of cellular metabolism. FNDC4 was described as anti-inflammatory factor, upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). FNDC signaling includes direct cell-cell interaction as well as release of bioactive peptides, like shown for FNDC4 or FNDC5. The G-protein-coupled receptor 116 (GPR116) was found as a putative FNDC4 receptor. We here aim to comprehensively analyze the mRNA expression of FNDC1, FNDC3A, FNDC3B, FNDC4, FNDC5, and GPR116 in nonaffected and affected mucosal samples of patients with IBD or colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods. Mucosa samples were obtained from 30 patients undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy or from surgical resection of IBD or CRC. Gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, FNDC expression data from publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets (GDS4296, GDS4515, and GDS5232) were analyzed. Results. Basal mucosal expression revealed higher expression of FNDC3A and FNDC5 in the ileum compared to colonic segments. FNDC1 and FNDC4 were significantly upregulated in IBD. None of the investigated FNDCs was differentially expressed in CRC, just FNDC3A trended to be upregulated. The GEO data set analysis revealed significantly downregulated FNDC4 and upregulated GPR116 in microsatellite unstable (MSI) CRCs. The expression of FNDCs and GPR116 was independent of age and sex. Conclusions. FNDC1 and FNDC4 may play a relevant role in the pathobiology of IBD, but none of the investigated FNDCs is regulated in CRC. GPR116 may be upregulated in advanced or MSI CRC. Further studies should validate the altered FNDC expression results on protein levels and examine the corresponding functional consequences.
Intramural duodenal hematoma: clinical course and imaging findings
Creators: name: Niehues, Stefan M.
name: Denecke, Timm
name: Bassir, Christian
name: Hamm, Bernd
name: Haas, Matthias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: computed tomography
subject: ultrasound
subject: small bowel
subject: adults and pediatrics
subject: hemorrhage
subject: abdomen/GI
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Intramural duodenal hematoma is a rare condition. Different imaging modalities are at hand for diagnosis. Purpose: To identify patients with intramural duodenal hematoma and report imaging findings and clinical courses. Material and Methods: Typical imaging patterns using ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were carried out on 10 patients. Results: The mean patient age was 7.5 years. The average disease duration was 13 months. Clinical signs of improvement were observed within 16 days. Residues were still detectable at long-term follow-up. Conclusion: For patients with intramural duodenal wall hematoma, diagnosis should be considered early. Typical imaging findings should be known to ensure optimal treatment.