cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A deep-learning search for technosignatures of 820 nearby stars
Creators: name: Ma, Peter Xiangyuan
name: Ng, Cherry
name: Rizk, Leandro
name: Croft, Steve
name: Siemion, Andrew P. V.
name: Brzycki, Bryan
name: Czech, Daniel
name: Drew, Jamie
name: Gajjar, Vishal
name: Hoang, John
name: Isaacson, Howard
name: Lebofsky, Matt
name: MacMahon, David
name: de Pater, Imke
name: Price, Danny C.
name: Sheikh, Sofia Z.
name: Worden, S. Pete
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The goal of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is to quantify the prevalence of technological life beyond Earth via their "technosignatures". One theorized technosignature is narrowband Doppler drifting radio signals. The principal challenge in conducting SETI in the radio domain is developing a generalized technique to reject human radio frequency interference (RFI). Here, we present the most comprehensive deep-learning based technosignature search to date, returning 8 promising ETI signals of interest for re-observation as part of the Breakthrough Listen initiative. The search comprises 820 unique targets observed with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope, totaling over 480, hr of on-sky data. We implement a novel beta-Convolutional Variational Autoencoder to identify technosignature candidates in a semi-unsupervised manner while keeping the false positive rate manageably low. This new approach presents itself as a leading solution in accelerating SETI and other transient research into the age of data-driven astronomy.
description: 10 pages of main paper followed by 16 pages of methods; 17 figures total and 7 tables; published in Nature Astronomy
title: Женское желание в развивающейся культуре потребления Art Nouveau
Creators: name: Устюгова, Вера
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: В статье прослеживается становление потребительской культурына рубеже ХIХ–ХХ веков в зависимости от ее привлекательности для женщин. Особое внимание уделяется стилю модерн как успешному эстетическому и коммерческому проекту. В результате проведенного исследования автор приходит к выводу о том, что
искусство в немалой степени способствовало превращению женщины в важного «игрока» как в частном пространстве дома, так и в публичном пространстве новой городской культуры, в сфере досуга и в новых медиа.
Electronic transport and dynamics in correlated heterostructures
Creators: name: Mazza, G.
name: Amaricci, A.
name: Capone, M.
name: Fabrizio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate by means of the time-dependent Gutzwiller approximation the transport properties of a strongly-correlated slab subject to Hubbard repulsion and connected with to two metallic leads kept at a different electrochemical potential. We focus on the real-time evolution of the electronic properties after the slab is connected to the leads and consider both metallic and Mott insulating slabs. When the correlated slab is metallic, the system relaxes to a steady-state that sustains a finite current. The zero-bias conductance is finite and independent of the degree of correlations within the slab as long as the system remains metallic. On the other hand, when the slab is in a Mott insulating state, the external bias leads to currents that are exponentially activated by charge tunneling across the Mott-Hubbard gap, consistent with the Landau-Zener dielectric breakdown scenario.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures
Computational modeling of hydrogel cross‐linking based on reaction‐diffusion theory
Creators: name: Hajikhani, Aidin
name: Marino, Michele
name: Wriggers, Peter
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: bio-ink
subject: hydrogel
subject: polymer network
subject: reaction-diffusion theory
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: Alginate-based hydrogel is widely used as bio-ink in 3D bioprinting. For producing the bio-ink and stabilizing the polymer network, the hydrogel shall undergo a gelation process which can be obtained by adding an ionic cross-linker agent, such as Calcium ions for alginate. The diffusion of the crosslinker in the alginate stabilizes the polymeric network thanks to the reaction of Calcium ions with alginate monomers. This work presents a reaction-diffusion computational model of the gelation mechanism in alginate hydrogels. The coupled chemical system is solved using finite element discretizations considering the inhomogeneous evolution of the gelation process in time and space.
Woodsmoke particle exposure prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection alters antiviral response gene expression in human nasal epithelial cells in a sex-dependent manner
Creators: name: Brocke, Stephanie A.
name: Alexis, Neil E.
name: Jaspers, Ilona
name: Heise, Mark T.
name: Taft-Benz, Sharon
name: Billings, Grant T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Inhalational exposure to particulate matter (PM) derived from natural or anthropogenic sources alters gene expression in the airways and increases susceptibility to respiratory viral infection. Woodsmoke-derived ambient PM from wildfire events during 2020 was associated with higher COVID-19 case rates in the western US. We hypothesized that exposure to suspensions of woodsmoke particles (WSP) or diesel exhaust particles (DEP) prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection would alter host immune gene expression at the transcript level. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) from both sexes were exposed to WSP or DEP (22 μg/cm2) for 2 h, followed by infection with SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infection of 0.5. Forty-six genes related to SARS-CoV-2 entry and host response were assessed. Particle exposure alone minimally affected gene expression, while SARS-CoV-2 infection alone induced a robust transcriptional response in hNECs, upregulating type I and III interferons, interferon-stimulated genes, and chemokines by 72 h p.i. This upregulation was higher overall in cells from male donors. However, exposure to WSP prior to infection dampened expression of antiviral, interferon, and chemokine mRNAs. Sex-stratification of these results revealed that WSP exposure downregulated gene expression in cells from females more so than males. We next hypothesized that hNECs exposed to particles would have increased apical viral loads compared to unexposed cells. While apical viral load was correlated to expression of host response genes, viral titer did not differ between groups. These data indicate that WSP alter epithelial immune responses in a sex-dependent manner, potentially suppressing host defense to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
False Assumptions About Psychopathology, Hysteria and the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales
Creators: name: Gordon, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clinical psychology

description: The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical scales (RC) scales rest on the common behavioral assumption that consistent items can be added to assess all psychopathologies. This may be the case for some unitary symptoms such as anxiety or anger, but not for complex diagnostic conditions such as Hysteria, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder. These are better understood with a psychodynamic formulation. Psychodynamic theory assumes that internal conflicts and contradictions are a significant feature of many psychopathologies. For example the new RC3 Cynicism scale is not a replacement or improvement of the MMPI-2 Hysteria scale. The RC3 scale serves as an example of a failure of the behaviorism to account for complex psychopathology. Making scales more internally consistent and distinct from each other has not produced more external validity and useful measures for many of the psychopathologies found in clinical practice.
Limit cycle computation of self‐excited dynamic systems using nonlinear modes
Creators: name: Tatzko, Sebastian
name: Stender, Merten
name: Jahn, Martin
name: Hoffmann, Norbert
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: A self-excited dynamic system is able to oscillate periodically by itself. Corresponding solutions of the autonomous differential equation are called limit cycles or periodic attractors. To find these solutions, a simple approach would be brute-force search for the corresponding basins of attraction. However, grid searching might become unfeasible with increasing number of degrees of freedom. Instead, solution path continuation techniques are often used to keep computational costs low. As the continuation of solution branches and their bifurcations provides only solutions which are connected to each other, isolas and detached branches are missed out. We present a method for fast limit cycle detection of self-excited systems with isolas based on nonlinear modes. A nonlinear mode, often referred to as nonlinear normal mode, is defined as a periodic motion of the undamped and unforced mechanical system. For nonconservative systems however, e.g. with friction nonlinearity, damping cannot be neglected as it is characteristic for the oscillators nonlinear dynamics. Therefore, the Extended Periodic Motion Concept (E-PMC) was proposed recently to find periodic solutions of nonconservative nonlinear systems. In this work, the E-PMC is applied to self-excited dynamic systems in order to find periodic attractors along its nonlinear modes. Zero crossings of the nonlinear damping curve indicate autonomous solutions which can be used as starting points for single parameter continuation. Thus, solutions corresponding to the main branch and detached curves in the solution space are connected by nonlinear modes. The proposed method is applied to a frictional oscillator with cubic stiffness and proves to be robust in the search for isolated periodic solutions that are already known from literature.
Generalized Superconductors and Holographic Optics - II
Creators: name: Mahapatra, Subhash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using linear response theory, we analyze optical response properties of generalized holographic superconductors, in AdS-Schwarzschild and single R-charged black hole backgrounds in four dimensions. By introducing momentum dependent vector mode perturbations, the response functions for these systems are studied numerically, including the effects of backreaction. This complements and completes the probe limit analysis for these backgrounds initiated in our previous work ({\tt arXiv : 1305.6273}). Our numerical analysis indicates a negative Depine-Lakhtakia index for both the backgrounds studied, at low enough frequencies. The dependence of the response functions on the backreaction parameter and the model parameters are established and analyzed with respect to similar backgrounds in five dimensions.
description: 1+26 Pages, 26 .eps figures
title: Ανάλυση επιφανειακών κυμάτων σε δύο διαστάσεις
Creators: name: Εμμανουήλ Μαθιουδάκης
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Η μέθοδος της πολυκάναλης ανάλυσης των επιφανειακών κυμάτων (MASW) αποτελεί μια σεισμική μέθοδο διερεύνησης των μηχανικών χαρακτηριστικών του ρηχότερου εδάφους με πληθώρα εφαρμογών. Από τη συμβατική εφαρμογή της MASW, προκύπτει η μεταβολή της ταχύτητας των διατμητικών κυμάτων VS σε σχέση μόνο με το βάθος (1D), χωρίς να λαμβάνονται υπόψη και να αποδίδονται οι πλευρικές μεταβολές της σεισμικής ταχύτητας που εγγενώς υπάρχουν σε ένα ανομοιογενές υπέδαφος. Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας εργασίας, επιλέχθηκε η μελέτη και η διερεύνηση των δυνατοτήτων του λογισμικού ανοιχτού κώδικα SWIP (Surface-Wave Inversion and Profiling), το οποίο εισάγει μια καινοτόμο μεθοδολογία παραθυρικής εφαρμογής της μεθόδου MASW, προκειμένου να εκτιμηθεί η μεταβολή της ταχύτητας VS σε δύο διαστάσεις (2D). ΄Υστερα από μια σύντομη επισκόπηση του θεωρητικού υποβάθρου της μεθόδου, καθώς και περιγραφής άλλων αντίστοιχων τεχνικών εξαγωγής της VS σε δύο διαστάσεις, περιγράφεται αναλυτικά η μεθοδολογία που υιοθετείται σε αυτή την εργασία. Το SWIP, χρησιμοποιεί τεχνικές παραθυρικής εξαγωγής και υπέρθεσης, ώστε να ανακατασκευάσει 2D μοντέλα ταχύτητας VS από διαδοχικές 1D αντιστροφές. Αξιοποιεί όλες τις διαθέσιμες σεισμικές καταγραφές κοινής πηγής και περιλαμβάνει την εξαγωγή καταγραφών από πολλαπλά παράθυρα μεταβλητού μεγέθους. Τα αντίστοιχα πεδία διασποράς αθροίζονται με συντελεστές βαρύτητας, ανάλογα με το μέγεθος του παραθύρου από το οποίο αυτά έχουν προκύψει. Προκειμένου να διερευνηθούν οι δυνατότητες και η αξιοπιστία της εν λόγω μεθοδολογίας, αρχικά πραγματοποιήθηκαν αναλύσεις σε συνθετικά δεδομένα, των οποίων τα αποτελέσματα συγκρίνονται και αξιολογούνται σε σχέση με την καθιερωμένη MASW. Για τα μονοδιάστατα αποτελέσματα που αποδίδονται από το SWIP, το ενδιαφέρον της μελέτης εστιάζεται στη βέλτιστη παραμετροποίηση της μεθοδολογίας επεξεργασίας και την διερεύνηση των διαφορετικών τρόπων υπέρθεσης των δεδομένων. Τα συνθετικά δεδομένα χρησιμοποιούνται τελικά για την εκτίμηση της μεταβολής της ταχύτητας VS σε δύο διαστάσεις, με ικανοποιητικά αποτελέσματα. Αξιοποιώντας πλήρως τη μεθοδολογία της παραθυρικής εφαρμογής της MASW, όπως αυτή υλοποιείται από τους αλγορίθμους του SWIP, πραγματοποιείται στη συνέχεια η επεξεργασία καταγραφών πεδίου. Στην περίπτωση αυτή, διαθέσιμα αποτελέσματα από άλλες γεωφυσικές μεθόδους λαμβάνονται υπόψη τόσο στην αντιστροφή των επιφανειακών κυμάτων, όσο και στην αξιολόγηση των τελικών μονοδιάστατων και δισδιάστατων μοντέλων ταχύτητας. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν από την εφαρμογή της μελετούμενης μεθοδολογίας, παρουσιάζουν πολύ καλή ομοιότητα με αυτά άλλων μεθόδων γεωφυσικής, ενώ τα πάχη των στρωμάτων που προσδιορίστηκαν, ταυτίζονται σε εξαιρετικό βαθμό με τη στρωματογραφία γεωτρητικών δεδομένων. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα των πραγματικών δεδομένων, πραγματοποιείται τέλος o χαρακτηρισμός του εδάφους σύμφωνα με τα σύγχρονα κανονιστικά αντισεισμικά πρότυπα, με το έδαφος να εμπίπτει στην κατηγορία Β.
Seasonal Evolution of Saturn's Polar Temperatures and Composition
Creators: name: Fletcher, Leigh N.
name: Irwin, P. G. J.
name: Sinclair, J. A.
name: Orton, G. S.
name: Giles, R. S.
name: Hurley, J.
name: Gorius, N.
name: Achterberg, R. K.
name: Hesman, B. E.
name: Bjoraker, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The seasonal evolution of Saturn's polar atmospheric temperatures and hydrocarbon composition is derived from a decade of Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) 7-16 $μ$m thermal infrared spectroscopy. We construct a near-continuous record of atmospheric variability poleward of 60$^\circ$ from northern winter/southern summer (2004, $L_s=293^\circ$) through the equinox (2009, $L_s=0^\circ$) to northern spring/southern autumn (2014, $L_s=56^\circ$). The hot tropospheric polar cyclones and the hexagonal shape of the north polar belt are both persistent features throughout the decade of observations. The hexagon vertices rotated westward by $\approx30^\circ$ longitude between March 2007 and April 2013, confirming that they are not stationary in the Voyager-defined System III longitude system as previously thought. The extended region of south polar stratospheric emission has cooled dramatically poleward of the sharp temperature gradient near 75$^\circ$S, coinciding with a depletion in the abundances of acetylene and ethane, and suggestive of stratospheric upwelling with vertical wind speeds of $w\approx+0.1$ mm/s. This is mirrored by a general warming of the northern polar stratosphere and an enhancement in acetylene and ethane abundances that appears to be most intense poleward of 75$^\circ$N, suggesting subsidence at $w\approx-0.15$ mm/s. However, the sharp gradient in stratospheric emission expected to form near 75$^\circ$N by northern summer solstice (2017, $L_s=90^\circ$) has not yet been observed, so we continue to await the development of a northern summer stratospheric vortex. North polar minima in tropospheric and stratospheric temperatures were detected in 2008-2010 (lagging one season, or 6-8 years, behind winter solstice); south polar maxima appear to have occurred before the start of the Cassini observations (1-2 years after summer solstice). [Abridged]
description: Preprint of article accepted for publication in Icarus
Crack path comparisons of a mixed phase‐field fracture model and experiments in punctured EPDM strips
Creators: name: Fehse, Andreas
name: Kröger, Nils Hendrik
name: Mang, Katrin
name: Wick, Thomas
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: Working on quasi-static phase-field fracture modeling in nearly incompressible solids for crack propagation is a challenging task. To avoid arising locking effects therein, a mixed form for the solid displacement equation is developed, resulting in two unknowns: a displacement field and a hydro-static pressure variable. In order to fulfil an inf-sup condition, stable Taylor-Hood elements are employed for the displacement-pressure system. The irreversibility condition of the crack evolution is handled by help of a primal-dual active set method. To get both a sharper crack and reasonable computational costs, adaptive meshes are used based on a predictor-corrector scheme. The crack paths from the numerical simulations are compared on the experimentally observed crack paths in carbon black filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber strips. The punctured EPDM strips with a hole and a given notch at different heights are stretched till total failure.
"I decided in my heart I have to complete the sessions": A qualitative study on the acceptability of an evidence-based HIV risk reduction intervention among women engaged in sex work in Uganda
Creators: name: Mayo-Wilson L.J.
name: Nabunya P.
name: Kiyingi J.
name: Schriger S.
name: Nsubuga E.
name: Nakigudde J.
name: Nabayinda J.
name: Witte S.
name: Ssewamala F.M.
name: Bahar O.S.
name: Tozan Y.
name: Nattabi J.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Background The HIV burden remains a critical public health concern and women engaged in sex work [WESW] are at significantly higher risk compared to the general adult population. Similar to other sub-Saharan African countries, Uganda reports high rates of HIV prevalence among WESW. Yet, they have not been targeted by theory-informed HIV prevention intervention approaches. Methods We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 WESW upon intervention completion to explore their experiences with an evidence-based HIV risk reduction intervention that was implemented as part of a combination intervention tested in a clinical trial in Uganda (2018-2023. Specifically, we explored their initial motivations and concerns for participating in the intervention, barriers and facilitators to attendance, and their feedback on specific intervention characteristics. Results The main expectations revolved around access to health-related information, including information on STIs, HIV, and PrEP as well as on how one can protect themselves while engaging in sex work. Initial concerns were around potential breach of confidentiality and fear of arrest. The main facilitators for session attendance were the motivation to learn healthrelated information, the attitude of facilitators, and the incentives received for participation, whereas main challenges were related to family commitments and work schedules. WESW appreciated the group format of the intervention and found the location and times of the intervention delivery acceptable. Discussion and conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that the HIV risk reduction intervention was appropriate and acceptable to WESW. Yet, WESW experience unique concerns and barriers that need to be accounted for when designing interventions targeting this population, especially in resource-limited settings where sex work is illegal and highly stigmatized.
Remote sensing of life: Polarimetric signatures of photosynthetic pigments as sensitive biomarkers
Creators: name: Berdyugina, Svetlana V.
name: Kuhn, Jeff R.
name: Harrington, David M.
name: Šantl-Temkiv, Tina
name: Messersmith, E. John
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: biopigments
subject: biosignatures
subject: Earth-like planets
subject: exoplanets
subject: photosynthesis
subject: remote sensing of life
subject: spectropolarimetry
subject: 530

description: We develop a polarimetry-based remote-sensing method for detecting and identifying life forms in distant worlds and distinguishing them from non-biological species. To achieve this we have designed and built a bio-polarimetric laboratory experiment BioPol for measuring optical polarized spectra of various biological and non-biological samples. Here we focus on biological pigments, which are common in plants and bacteria that employ them either for photosynthesis or for protection against reactive oxygen species. Photosynthesis, which provides organisms with the ability to use light as a source of energy, emerged early in the evolution of life on Earth. The ability to harvest such a significant energy resource could likely also develop on habited exoplanets. Thus, we investigate the detectability of biomolecules that can capture photons of particular wavelengths and contribute to storing their energy in chemical bonds. We have carried out laboratory spectropolarimetric measurements of a representative sample of plants containing various amounts of pigments such as chlorophyll, carotenoids and others. We have also measured a variety of non-biological samples (sands, rocks). Using our lab measurements, we have modelled intensity and polarized spectra of Earth-like planets having different surface coverage by photosynthetic organisms, deserted land and ocean, as well as clouds. Our results demonstrate that linearly polarized spectra provide very sensitive and rather unambiguous detection of photosynthetic pigments of various kinds. Our work paves the path towards analogous measurements of microorganisms and remote sensing of microbial ecology on the Earth and of extraterrestrial life on other planets and moons.
49 new T dwarfs identified using methane imaging
Creators: name: Cardoso, C. V.
name: Burningham, B.
name: Smart, R. L.
name: van Spaandonk, L.
name: Baker, D.
name: Smith, L. C.
name: Andrei, A. H.
name: Bucciarelli, B.
name: Dhital, S.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: Lattanzi, M. G.
name: Magazzu, A.
name: Pinfield, D. J.
name: Tinney, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of 49 new photometrically classified T dwarfs from the combination of large infrared and optical surveys combined with follow-up TNG photometry. We used multi-band infrared and optical photometry from the UKIRT and Sloan Digital Sky Surveys to identify possible brown dwarf candidates, which were then confirmed using methane filter photometry. We have defined a new photometric conversion between CH4s - CH4l colour and spectral type for T4 to T8 brown dwarfs based on a part of the sample that has been followed up using methane photometry and spectroscopy. Using methane differential photometry as a proxy for spectral type for T dwarfs has proved to be a very efficient technique. Of a subset of 45 methane selected brown dwarfs that were observed spectroscopically, 100% were confirmed as T dwarfs. Future deep imaging surveys will produce large samples of faint brown dwarf candidates, for which spectroscopy will not be feasible. When broad wavelength coverage is unavailable, methane imaging offers a means to efficiently classify candidates from such surveys using just a pair of near-infrared images.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. MNRAS accepted
“How Do I Exist in This Body…That’s Outside of the Norm?” Trans and Nonbinary Experiences of Conformity, Coping, and Connection in Atypical Anorexia
Creators: name: Holloway, Brendon T.
name: Call, Jarrod
name: Harner, Vern
name: Harrop, Erin N.
name: Hecht, Hillary K.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Addressing eating disorders (EDs) within trans and nonbinary (TNB) populations is a growing concern, as TNB individuals are two to four times more likely to experience EDs than cisgender women. This study explored the lived experiences of TNB people with atypical anorexia by examining how gender identity impacted experiences of ED illness and (potential) recovery. Nine TNB adults with atypical anorexia were followed for one year and completed semi-structured, in-depth, longitudinal qualitative interviews at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Interviews were coded using Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis procedures. Four themes, along with subthemes, emerged regarding the intersection of gender identity and ED experiences: (1) Conforming, (2) Coping, (3) Connecting, and (4) Critiquing. In Conforming, participants highlighted how societal pressures around gender contributed to ED vulnerability. In Coping, participants explained that their EDs represented attempts to cope with the overlapping influences of body dissatisfaction, gender dysphoria, and body disconnection. In Connecting, participants described ED recovery as a process of connecting to self, others, and communities that welcomed and affirmed their diverse identities. In Critiquing, participants described how current ED treatment settings were often unwelcoming of or unprepared for non-cisgender patients. Overall, participants viewed their EDs as intricately linked to their gender identity and experiences of social pressure and discrimination. This study suggests the need for targeted ED prevention and intervention efforts within TNB communities, and the ethical imperative to meaningfully address the needs of TNB patients in ED treatment settings.
Real-time probing electron dynamics of an atom in a strong infrared laser field
Creators: name: Deng, Yunpei
name: Xie, Xinhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present theoretical studies on real-time probing the electron density evolution of an atom in a strong infrared (IR) laser field with few-cycle near-infrared (NIR) and attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses. Our results indicate that the electron density near the tunneling barrier is reflected in the additional tunneling ionization yield with a delayed NIR pulse and the electron density near the nucleus can be probed by the single photoionization yield with a delayed XUV pulse. It turns out the NIR-probing scheme can be used to study the polarization of the system in an external IR field and the XUV-probing can be additionally applied to explore excitation dynamics during and after the IR field interaction.
High temperature superconductivity in sulfur and selenium hydrides at high pressure
Creators: name: Flores-Livas, José A.
name: Sanna, Antonio
name: Gross, E. K. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to its low atomic mass hydrogen is the most promising element to search for high-temperature phononic superconductors. However, metallic phases of hydrogen are only expected at extreme pressures (400 GPa or higher). The measurement of a record superconducting critical temperature of 190 K in a hydrogen-sulfur compound at 200 GPa of pressure[1], shows that metallization of hydrogen can be reached at significantly lower pressure by inserting it in the matrix of other elements. In this work we re-investigate the phase diagram and the superconducting properties of the H-S system by means of minima hopping method for structure prediction and Density Functional theory for superconductors. We also show that Se-H has a similar phase diagram as its sulfur counterpart as well as high superconducting critical temperature. We predict SeH3 to exceed 120 K superconductivity at 100 GPa. We show that both SeH3 and SH3, due to the critical temperature and peculiar electronic structure, present rather unusual superconducting properties.
Understanding Visual Arts Experiences of Blind People
Creators: name: Li, Franklin Mingzhe
name: Zhang, Lotus
name: Bandukda, Maryam
name: Stangl, Abigale
name: Shinohara, Kristen
name: Findlater, Leah
name: Carrington, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual arts play an important role in cultural life and provide access to social heritage and self-enrichment, but most visual arts are inaccessible to blind people. Researchers have explored different ways to enhance blind people's access to visual arts (e.g., audio descriptions, tactile graphics). However, how blind people adopt these methods remains unknown. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 blind visual arts patrons to understand how they engage with visual artwork and the factors that influence their adoption of visual arts access methods. We further examined interview insights in a follow-up survey (N=220). We present: 1) current practices and challenges of accessing visual artwork in-person and online (e.g., Zoom tour), 2) motivation and cognition of perceiving visual arts (e.g., imagination), and 3) implications for designing visual arts access methods. Overall, our findings provide a roadmap for technology-based support for blind people's visual arts experiences.
description: CHI 2023
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Changes in Fluid Distribution across Menstrual Phases with Creatine Supplementation
Creators: name: Gordon, Amanda N.
name: Moore, Sam R.
name: Smith-Ryan, Abbie E.
name: Hackney, Anthony C.
name: Cabre, Hannah E.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: This study examined the effects of creatine (Cr) loading on body mass (BM) and fluid markers of total body water (TBW), extra-cellular fluid (ECF), and intra-cellular fluid (ICF) across the menstrual cycle (MC). Thirty moderately active females, either naturally-menstruating (NM) or using hormonal contraceptives (HC), were randomized to Cr (Cr; 4 × 5 g/day of creatine monohydrate for 5 days; n = 15) or a non-caloric placebo (PL; n = 15) using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, with a menstrual phase crossover. BM, TBW, ECF, and ICF were measured at pre- and post-supplementation in randomized order of follicular phase (FP; NM: MC days 0–8, HC: inactive pill days) or luteal phase (LP; NM: ≤15 days from next projected cycle start date, HC: active pill days) using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Acute hydration status and salivary estrogen were used as covariates. Change in BM was not different between groups across MC ([PL-Cr] Δ 0.40 ± 0.50 kg; p = 0.427) or between MC phase across groups ([FP-LP] Δ 0.31 ± 0.48 kg; p = 0.528). TBW (p = 0.802), ECF (p = 0.373), and ICF (p = 0.795) were not different between supplement groups at pre-supplementation/FP time points. There were no significant differences between the NM and HC subjects at any time point, for any outcome (p > 0.05). Following LP supplementation, significant changes were observed in TBW (Cr: Δ 0.83 ± 0.38 L, PL: Δ −0.62 ± 0.38 L; p = 0.021), ECF (Cr: Δ 0.46 ± 0.15 L, PL: Δ −0.19 ± 0.15 L; p = 0.013), and ICF (Cr: Δ 0.74 ± 0.23 L, PL: Δ −0.02 ± 0.23 L; p = 0.041). These data demonstrate an increase in all fluid compartments in the LP following Cr loading, without observed alterations in body weight for females.
title: К вопросу о роли читателя в мимесисе современной массовой литературы
Creators: name: Фалалеева, Светлана
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: «Эмпирический читатель» и «имплицитный читатель» определяют миметические особенности современной массовой литературы, процесс чтения и интерпретации произведения. Читатель является центром миметических стратегий подражания и симуляции, создания сценариев чтения и жизни.
Can bioenergy cropping compensate high carbon emissions from large-scale deforestation of high latitudes?
Creators: name: Dass, P.
name: Müller, C.
name: Brovkin, V.
name: Cramer, W.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Bioenergy plantation
subject: Bioenergy potential
subject: Biogeochemical effects
subject: Biogeochemical response
subject: Climate sensitivity
subject: Cumulative emissions
subject: Devastating effects
subject: Global temperatures
subject: 500

description: Numerous studies have concluded that deforestation of the high latitudes result in a global cooling. This is mainly because of the increased albedo of deforested land which dominates over other biogeophysical and biogeochemical mechanisms in the energy balance. This dominance, however, may be due to an underestimation of the biogeochemical response, as carbon emissions are typically at or below the lower end of estimates. Here, we use the dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL for a better estimate of the carbon cycle under such large-scale deforestation. These studies are purely theoretical in order to understand the role of vegetation in the energy balance and the earth system. They must not be mistaken as possible mitigation options, because of the devastating effects on pristine ecosystems. For realistic assumptions of land suitability, the total emissions computed in this study are higher than that of previous studies assessing the effects of boreal deforestation. The warming due to biogeochemical effects ranges from 0.12 to 0.32 °C, depending on the climate sensitivity. Using LPJmL to assess the mitigation potential of bioenergy plantations in the suitable areas of the deforested region, we find that the global biophysical bioenergy potential is 68.1 ± 5.6 EJ yr−1 of primary energy at the end of the 21st century in the most plausible scenario. The avoided combustion of fossil fuels over the time frame of this experiment would lead to further cooling. However, since the carbon debt caused by the cumulative emissions is not repaid by the end of the 21st century, the global temperatures would increase by 0.04 to 0.11 °C. The carbon dynamics in the high latitudes especially with respect to permafrost dynamics and long-term carbon losses, require additional attention in the role for the Earth's carbon and energy budget.
New anti-infective and neurotrophic terpenoids from cultures and "fruiting bodies*" of African, Asian and European Basidiomycota
Creators: name: Stadler, Marc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The phylum Basidiomycota comprises the mushroom-forming fungi and various other organisms that represent a considerable part of the global biodiversity. Many new species and even genera are being recognized from modern polythetic taxonomic studies. However, most of these organisms are unfortunately not being cultured and studied for potential beneficial traits such as the production of antibiotics and other useful secondary metabolites. During the course or our search for new anti-infective agents from nature to combat the newly arising multi-resistant human pathogens, we have started to study rare and hitherto untapped species of Basidiomycota systematically. This approach has resulted in a rather high discovery rate of novel metabolites, including several unprecedented carbon scaffolds. It is based on a combination of extensive fieldwork and classical mycological expertise together with sophisticated methods of analytical chemistry and biotechnological process development. Basidiomycota are particularly diverse producers of terpenoids and meroterpenoids, of which we have discovered several dozens in the past years, mainly from rare and new tropical species that originate from Kenya and other African countries, or from Thailand. Of particular interest are’: i) the complex meroterpenoids resembling hyperforin from the African grass-associated polypores of the genus Amylosporus; ii) the meroterpenoids from Echinochaete spp., which are probably produced by endofungal bacterial symbionts; iii) the unique calamene type bisheimiomycins from a Kenyan Heimiomyces sp. that also produces numerous other novel natural products; and iv) the neurotrophic cyathane, drimane, isoindolinone and benzofuranone and lanostane derivatives from the genera Antrodia, Dentipellis, Hericium, Laetiporus and others. Our results show that even European species of Basidiomycota, which are also being included in our workflow, can still yield very interesting secondary metabolites. I hope this talk can stimulate further research on the secondary metabolism of neotropical Basidiomycota as well, since the species of that geographic area remain widely unstudied.
Two-Dimensional Attosecond Electron Wave Packet Interferometry
Creators: name: Xie, Xinhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a two-dimensional interferometry based on electron wave packet interference with a cycle-shaped orthogonally polarized two-color laser field. With such method, sub-cycle and inter-cycle interferences can be disentangled into different direction in the measured photoelectron momentum spectra. With the cycle-shaped laser field, the Coulomb influence can be minimized and the overlapping of interference fringes with the complicate low-energy structures can be avoided as well. The contributions of excitation effect and long-range Coulomb potential can be traced in the Fourier domain of the photoelectron distributions. With these advantages, it allows to get precise information on valence electron dynamics of atoms or molecules with attosecond resolution and additional spatial information with angstrom resolution.
A Systematic Review of Marketing Practices Used in Online Grocery Shopping: Implications for WIC Online Ordering
Creators: name: McInnis, Joleen
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Patel, Priyanka
name: Hodges, Leslie
name: Lowery, Caitlin M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) plans to allow participants to redeem their food package benefits online, i.e., online ordering. As grocery shopping online has become more common, companies have developed strategies to market food products to customers using online (or mobile) grocery shopping platforms. There is a significant knowledge gap in how these strategies may influence WIC participants who choose to shop for WIC foods online. This review examines the relevant literature to (1) identify food marketing strategies used in online grocery shopping platforms, (2) understand how these strategies influence consumer behavior and consumer diet, and (3) consider the implications for WIC participants. A total of 1862 references were identified from a systematic database search, of which 83 were included for full-text screening and 18 were included for data extraction and evidence synthesis. The included studies provide policymakers and other stakeholders involved in developing WIC online order processes with valuable information about the factors that shape healthy food choices in the online food retail environment. Findings indicate that some marketing interventions, such as nutrition labeling and food swaps, may encourage healthier food choices in the online environment and could potentially be tailored to reinforce WIC messaging about a healthy diet.
Additional file 1 of The effect of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy on pain in patients with various tendinopathies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Creators: name: Majidi, Lobat
name: Khateri, Sorour
name: Nikbakht, Nikta
name: Moradi, Yousef
name: Nikoo, Mohammad Reza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 1: of Applicability and added value of novel methods to improve drug development in rare diseases
Creators: name: Mitroiu, Marian
name: Rengerink, Katrien
name: Pontes, Caridad
name: Aranzazu Sancho
name: Vives, Roser
name: Pesiou, Stella
name: Fontanet, Juan
name: Torres, Ferran
name: Nikolakopoulos, Stavros
name: Pateras, Konstantinos
name: Rosenkranz, Gerd
name: Posch, Martin
name: Urach, Susanne
name: Ristl, Robin
name: Koch, Armin
name: Spineli Loukia
name: Lee, Johanna Van Der
name: Roes, Kit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Provided in doc file: Supplementary Materials.docx. Appendix 1: Data extraction form for EPARs including condition summary and criteria list. Appendix 2: Decision tree structure for methods evaluation of applicability. Appendix 3: List of characteristics used to build the studies profile. Figure S1. Proposed method based on validation exercise. How to determine on the optimal trial design (DOCX 35 kb)
Sustainable use of renewable resources in a stylized social–ecological network model under heterogeneous resource distribution
Creators: name: Barfuss, Wolfram
name: Donges, Jonathan F.
name: Wiedermann, Marc
name: Lucht, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 500

description: Human societies depend on the resources ecosystems provide. Particularly since the last century, human activities have transformed the relationship between nature and society at a global scale. We study this coevolutionary relationship by utilizing a stylized model of private resource use and social learning on an adaptive network. The latter process is based on two social key dynamics beyond economic paradigms: boundedly rational imitation of resource use strategies and homophily in the formation of social network ties. The private and logistically growing resources are harvested with either a sustainable (small) or non-sustainable (large) effort. We show that these social processes can have a profound influence on the environmental state, such as determining whether the private renewable resources collapse from overuse or not. Additionally, we demonstrate that heterogeneously distributed regional resource capacities shift the critical social parameters where this resource extraction system collapses. We make these points to argue that, in more advanced coevolutionary models of the planetary social–ecological system, such socio-cultural phenomena as well as regional resource heterogeneities should receive attention in addition to the processes represented in established Earth system and integrated assessment models
Solvent quality and solvent polarity in polypeptides
Creators: name: Foumthuim, Cedrix J. Dongmo
name: Giacometti, Achille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using molecular dynamics and thermodynamic integration, we report on the solvation process in water and in cyclohexane of seven polypeptides (GLY, ALA, ILE, ASN, LYS, ARG, GLU). The polypeptides are selected to cover the full hydrophobic scale while varying their chain length from tri- to undeca-homopeptides provide indications on possible non-additivity effects as well as the role of the peptide backbone in the overall stability of the polypeptides. The use of different solvents and different polypeptides allows us to investigate the relation between solvent quality -- the capacity of a given solvent to fold a given biopolymer often described on a scale ranging from "good" to "poor", and solvent polarity -- related to the specific interactions of any solvent with respect to a reference solvent. Undeca-glycine is found to be the only polypeptides to have a proper stable collapse in water (polar solvent), with the other hydrophobic polypetides displaying in water repeated folding and unfolding events and with polar polypeptides presenting a even more complex behavior. By contrast, all polypeptides but none are found to keep an extended conformation in cyclohexane, irrespective of their polarity. All considered polypeptides are also found to have a favorable solvation free energy independently of the solvent polarity and their intrinsic hydrophobicity, clearly highlighting the prominent stabilizing role of the peptide backbone, with the solvation process largely enthalpically dominated in polar polypeptides and partially entropically driven for hydrophobic polypeptides. Our study thus reveals the complexity of the solvation process of polypeptides defying the common view " like dissolves like", with the solute polarity playing the most prominent role. The absence of a mirror symmetry upon the inversion of polarities of both the solvent and the polypeptides is confirmed.
description: 16 pages, 8 Figures, in press Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2023 with Supplementary information https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/d2/cp/d2cp05214h/d2cp05214h1.pdf