cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Engineering Properties of Kentucky Soils
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Soils maps, and particularly engineering soil maps, are proving to be desirable in the planning and design stages of many types of structures and land developments. Engineers and community planners, and even administrators, are becoming increasingly appreciative of such information during the very earliest stages of planning and site selection. Problems associated with foundations, drainage, and soil behavior may be recognized early through the use of adequate soil maps.  At present there is no single source of information which presents the engineering characteristics of the soils of Kentucky. When such information is desired, detailed onsite investigations are made. When such data are not available for preliminary reconnaissance, explorations are often conducted after the site has been selected. Engineering soil surveys and maps, if available, can be used to great advantage in four major ways by engineers and planners:      To make soil-reconnaissance surveys,     To locate construction material deposits,     To organize and check field surveys, and     To correlate performances with soil type.
Out of equilibrium Phase Diagram of the Quantum Random Energy Model
Creators: name: Biroli, Giulio
name: Facoetti, Davide
name: Schiró, Marco
name: Tarzia, Marco
name: Vivo, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the out-of-equilibrium phase diagram of the quantum version of Derrida's Random Energy Model, which is the simplest model of mean-field spin glasses. We interpret its corresponding quantum dynamics in Fock space as a one-particle problem in very high dimension to which we apply different theoretical methods tailored for high-dimensional lattices: the Forward-Scattering Approximation, a mapping to the Rosenzweig-Porter model, and the cavity method. Our results indicate the existence of two transition lines and three distinct dynamical phases: a completely many-body localized phase at low energy, a fully ergodic phase at high energy, and a multifractal "bad metal" phase at intermediate energy. In the latter, eigenfunctions occupy a diverging volume, yet an exponentially vanishing fraction of the total Hilbert space. We discuss the limitations of our approximations and the relationship with previous studies.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
title: The role of CT in evaluating sarcopenia to predict post-surgical outcomes in renal transplant patients: a systematic scoping review
Creators: name: Bahudin, Danial
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Kidney
subject: CT
subject: Screening
subject: Transplantation

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Sarcopenia is associated with poor post-surgical outcomes in renal transplant patients. [1,2] Common methods to estimate muscle mass such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) are complex and difficult to...
Improved concentration of Laguerre and Jacobi ensembles
Creators: name: Huang, Yichen
name: Harrow, Aram W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the asymptotic limits where certain parameters in the definitions of the Laguerre and Jacobi ensembles diverge. In these limits, Dette, Imhof, and Nagel proved that up to a linear transformation, the joint probability distributions of the ensembles become more and more concentrated around the zeros of the Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials, respectively. In this paper, we improve the concentration bounds. Our proofs are similar to those in the original references, but the error analysis is improved and arguably simpler. For the first and second moments of the Jacobi ensemble, we further improve the concentration bounds implied by our aforementioned results.
description: 16 pages. v2: minor changes, close to published version
When to Replace Machinery Under Accelerated Deprecation Laws
Creators: name: Ibendahl, Gregory A.
name: Norvell, Jonathan
name: Ibendahl, Gregory A.
name: Norvell, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The last several years have seen tax law changes that provide accelerated depreciation for farmers. The most recent tax law is the Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002. Accelerated depreciation laws seem to be designed to help stimulate the economy by encouraging farmers to purchase more machinery and to replace machinery more often. Farmers do benefit because lower taxes this year are probably better than lower taxes in future years (as long as marginal tax rates are the same). Less clear, however, is whether farmers should actually replace machinery more frequently. In other words, is the optimal lifespan of an asset reduced due to new. This paper tests for the optimal replacement age under conventional and accelerated deprecation laws and finds that accelerated deprecation laws appear to help farmers
description: Not presented at conference. Deleted by authors 1/16/07.
GitFL: Adaptive Asynchronous Federated Learning using Version Control
Creators: name: Hu, Ming
name: Xia, Zeke
name: Yue, Zhihao
name: Xia, Jun
name: Huang, Yihao
name: Liu, Yang
name: Chen, Mingsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As a promising distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training without compromising data privacy, Federated Learning (FL) has been increasingly used in AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) design. However, due to the lack of efficient management of straggling devices, existing FL methods greatly suffer from the problems of low inference accuracy and long training time. Things become even worse when taking various uncertain factors (e.g., network delays, performance variances caused by process variation) existing in AIoT scenarios into account. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel asynchronous FL framework named GitFL, whose implementation is inspired by the famous version control system Git. Unlike traditional FL, the cloud server of GitFL maintains a master model (i.e., the global model) together with a set of branch models indicating the trained local models committed by selected devices, where the master model is updated based on both all the pushed branch models and their version information, and only the branch models after the pull operation are dispatched to devices. By using our proposed Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based device selection mechanism, a pulled branch model with an older version will be more likely to be dispatched to a faster and less frequently selected device for the next round of local training. In this way, GitFL enables both effective control of model staleness and adaptive load balance of versioned models among straggling devices, thus avoiding the performance deterioration. Comprehensive experimental results on well-known models and datasets show that, compared with state-of-the-art asynchronous FL methods, GitFL can achieve up to 2.64X training acceleration and 7.88% inference accuracy improvements in various uncertain scenarios.
Method of Test for Strength Parameters of Soils by Triaxial Compression Tests
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This method of testing enables the determination of the strength parameters of soils. The methods described are the consolidated undrained triaxial compression test--with or without pore pressure measurements--and the unconfined compressive strength test. The parameters obtained are the angle of internal friction, ∅, the cohesion, c, and the unconfined compressive strength. The values so obtained may be employed in the design and analysis of earth structures--with consideration of the accepted criteria of stability and safety.
ОБЫЧНОЕ ПРАВО В ТРУДАХ РОССИЙСКИХ ЮРИСТОВ СЕРЕДИНЫ XIX ВЕКА: ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ И КОНЦЕПЦИИ
Creators: name: Игнатьева Е.Ю.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: обычное право
Российская империя
крестьянская община
источники права
волостные суды

description: В период всестороннего изучения и систематизации источников права, выявления некоторых недостатков Свода законов Российской империи, с середины XIX века в научном сообществе особенно остро развернулась дискуссия об обычном праве, его истоках, месте в системе источников российского права, влиянии на процессы реформирования в государстве. Ускоренными темпами происходило накопление юридического материала, приходило понимание роли юридических обычаев, что способствовало осмыслению, распространению и критическому использованию достижений в дальнейшем научно-исследовательском опыте. В статье представлен обзор научных воззрений ученых-правоведов, государственный деятелей, педагогов, чьи взгляды и на сегодняшний день дополняют сложившуюся в отечественной науке систему представлений об обычном праве.
Changes in the Structure of Supply Response in the Australian Pig Industry
Creators: name: Richardson, Robert A.
name: O'Connor, J.G.
name: Richardson, Robert A.
name: O'Connor, J.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Results of a study of sow inventory and pig supply responses are reported in this paper. Annual time series data (1953-54 to 1974-75) were used to estimate a two equation recursive model for Australia. Tests for structural changes in sow inventory response were conducted over time for Australian data and between regions for Victorian data. Single period lags of sow inventories, pig prices and feed prices were used to estimate short-run and long-run elasticities. The results yield information on pig supply additional to that presently available in the published literature. Evidence of structural change is reflected in elasticities of sow inventory response. While the hypothesis of structural change is statistically supported for regional aggregates of Victoria, the hypothesis of structural change over time was rejected using aggregate data for Australia.
Gravitomagnetic resonant excitation of Rossby modes in coalescing neutron star binaries
Creators: name: Flanagan, Éanna É.
name: Racine, Étienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In coalescing neutron star binaries, r-modes in one of the stars can be resonantly excited by the gravitomagnetic tidal field of its companion. This post-Newtonian gravitomagnetic driving of these modes dominates over the Newtonian tidal driving previously computed by Ho and Lai. To leading order in the tidal expansion parameter R/r (where R is the radius of the neutron star and r is the orbital separation), only the l=2, |m|= 1 and |m| = 2 r-modes are excited. The tidal work done on the star through this driving has an effect on the evolution of the inspiral and on the phasing of the emitted gravitational wave signal. For a neutron star of mass M, radius R, spin frequency f_spin, modeled as a Gamma =2 polytrope, with a companion also of mass M, the gravitational wave phase shift for the m=2 mode is (0.1radians)(R/10km)^4(M/1.4M_sun)^{-10/3}(f_spin/100Hz)^{2/3} for optimal spin orientation. For canonical neutron star parameters this phase shift will likely not be detectable by gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO, but if the neutron star radius is larger it may be detectable if the signal-to-noise ratio is moderately large. For neutron star - black hole binaries, the effect is smaller; the phase shift scales as companion mass to the -4/3 power for large companion masses. The net energy transfer from the orbit into the star is negative corresponding to a slowing down of the inspiral. This occurs because the interaction reduces the spin of the star, and occurs only for modes which satisfy the Chandrasekhar-Friedman-Schutz instability criterion.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, substantial changes to the presentation, error corrected in energy argument in Appendix B
Update of the Three-fluid Hydrodynamics-based Event Simulator: light-nuclei production in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Kozhevnikova, M.
name: Ivanov, Yu. B.
name: Karpenko, Iu.
name: Blaschke, D.
name: Rogachevsky, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an update of the event generator based on the three-fluid dynamics (3FD), complemented by Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) for the late stage of the nuclear collision~-- the three-fluid Hydrodynamics-based Event Simulator Extended by UrQMD final State interactions (THESEUS). Two modifications are introduced. The THESEUS table of hadronic resonances is made consistent with that of the underlying 3FD model. The main modification is that the generator is extended to simulate the light-nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, on the equal basis with hadrons. These modifications are illustrated by applications to the description of available experimental data. The first run of the updated generator revealed a good reproduction of the NA49 data on the light nuclei. The reproduction is achieved without any extra parameters, while the coalescence approach in 3FD requires special tuning of the coalescence coefficients for each light nucleus separately.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, version published in PRC
title: Short Term Outcome of Common Image Guided Musculoskeletal Corticosteroid Injections assessed using Cumulative Proportion of Responders Analysis
Creators: name: Ussher, Richard
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Inflammation

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Image guided musculoskeletal corticosteroid injections are commonly used to treat patients with a range of musculoskeletal conditions. Treatment often involves a multi-modality approach which may include physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and image...
Correlation functions for realistic continuous quantum measurement
Creators: name: Guilmin, Pierre
name: Rouchon, Pierre
name: Tilloy, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a self-contained and accessible derivation of an exact formula for the $n$-point correlation functions of the signal measured when continuously observing a quantum system. The expression depends on the initial quantum state and on the Stochastic Master Equation (SME) governing the dynamics. This derivation applies to both jump and diffusive evolutions and takes into account common imperfections of realistic measurement devices. We show how these correlations can be efficiently computed numerically for commonly filtered and integrated signals available in practice.
description: 8 pages, to appear in the proceedings of IFAC World Congress 2023
Fuel preference during exercise after altitude acclimation
Creators: name: McClelland, Grant Bryce
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: At high altitude, carbohydrate (CHO) is thought to be the fuel of choice because of its higher yield of ATP per mole of O2. Alternatively, the increased use of lipids spares valuable glycogen. We used indirect calorimetry to determine total fuel oxidation rates during exercise in high-altitude acclimated (HA) and sea level (SL) rats. D-(6-³H) glucose and 1-[14C] palmitate infusions quantified circulatory glucose utilization and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) turnover. We hypothesized that the % contribution of fuels to total metabolism (VO2) is determined by exercise intensity relative to an aerobic maximum (%VO2max). VO2max was lower at HA (FIO2=0.12) compared to SL (68 ± 1 vs 89 ± 1 ml kg-1min-1). When exercised at 60 % Vo2max, both groups showed the same relative use of CHO [38 ± 3% (HA) and 38 ± 5% (SL) of Vo2] and lipids [62 ± 5% (HA) and 61 ± 3% (SL) of VO2]. Circulatory glucose accounted for ~ 20%, while muscle glycogen was ~ 18% of VO2. Plasma [NEFA] were higher in HA but rate of turnover was the same as SL [38 ± 9 (HA) vs 49 ± 6 μmol kg-1 min-1 (SL)]. Muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) decreased by 64% and 90% in soleus and red gastrocnemius at HA only. At 80 % Vo2max, 54 ± 5 (HA) and 59 ± 4 % (SL) of VO2was accounted for by CHO. Lipid accounted for 46 ± 6 (HA) and 41 ± 4 % (SL) of VO2. Measurements of the TAG-FA cycle showed an increase at rest and exercise with HA acclimation. We conclude that: 1) the relative contributions of total CHO, circulatory glucose, and muscle glycogen do not increased after HA acclimation because the O2-saving advantage of CHO is outweighed by limited CHO stores, 2) the relative contributions of total lipid are also the same, contrary to differences in [NEFA] because the relationship between flux rate and [NEFA] is modified at HA, 3) muscle TAG may play a more important role at HA, 4) TAG - FA cycling is increased with acclimation and 5) relative exercise intensity is the major determinant of metabolic fuel selection at high altitude and sea level. [Scientific formulae used in this abstract could not be reproduced.]
Statistical mechanical model for crack growth
Creators: name: Buche, Michael R.
name: Grutzik, Scott J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytic relations that describe crack growth are vital for modeling experiments and building a theoretical understanding of fracture. Upon constructing an idealized model system for the crack and applying the principles of statistical thermodynamics, it is possible to formulate the rate of thermally activated crack growth as a function of load, but the result is analytically intractable. Here, an asymptotically correct theory is used to obtain analytic approximations of the crack growth rate from the fundamental theoretical formulation. These crack growth rate relations are compared to those that exist in the literature and are validated with respect to Monte Carlo calculations and experiments. The success of this approach is encouraging for future modeling endeavors that might consider more complicated fracture mechanisms, such as inhomogeneity or a reactive environment.
description: Associated Python implementation indexed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7008312
The Japanese Beef Market: Recent Developments and Future Policy Options
Creators: name: Longworth, John W.
name: Longworth, John W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The relationship between beef price stabilization and beef import policies is examined. The formula developed to calculate the floor and ceiling prices for beef in Japan is explained. The current complicated administrative arrangements designed to control beef imports is outlined. Some of the major controversial aspects of present import and price policies for protecting the domestic beef industry are examined in some detail. The domestic marketing channels for beef in Japan are being substantially modernized. The development of the central and sub-central wholesale markets; the rationalization of meat slaughtering in producing areas; the development of the trade in part-cuts; and the development of transaction standards and grades for both beef carcasses and more recently beef part-cuts; are all discussed. These changes have influenced, and will continue to influence, beef policy decisions in Japan. Finally, some future beef price support and import policy options are considered. Assuming no legislative alterations, the scope for modest changes to the present arrangements is examined. Should the Japanese Government decide to change the laws governing beef price-support and import policies, it is likely to move to a deficiency payments scheme modelled on the present arrangements for dairy-steer feeder-calves and financed by a variable levy on all beef imported.
Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 via Knowledge Graph Completion
Creators: name: Zhang, Rui
name: Hristovski, Dimitar
name: Schutte, Dalton
name: Kastrin, Andrej
name: Fiszman, Marcelo
name: Kilicoglu, Halil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; I.2.7

description: Objective: To discover candidate drugs to repurpose for COVID-19 using literature-derived knowledge and knowledge graph completion methods. Methods: We propose a novel, integrative, and neural network-based literature-based discovery (LBD) approach to identify drug candidates from both PubMed and COVID-19-focused research literature. Our approach relies on semantic triples extracted using SemRep (via SemMedDB). We identified an informative subset of semantic triples using filtering rules and an accuracy classifier developed on a BERT variant, and used this subset to construct a knowledge graph. Five SOTA, neural knowledge graph completion algorithms were used to predict drug repurposing candidates. The models were trained and assessed using a time slicing approach and the predicted drugs were compared with a list of drugs reported in the literature and evaluated in clinical trials. These models were complemented by a discovery pattern-based approach. Results: Accuracy classifier based on PubMedBERT achieved the best performance (F1= 0.854) in classifying semantic predications. Among five knowledge graph completion models, TransE outperformed others (MR = 0.923, Hits@1=0.417). Some known drugs linked to COVID-19 in the literature were identified, as well as some candidate drugs that have not yet been studied. Discovery patterns enabled generation of plausible hypotheses regarding the relationships between the candidate drugs and COVID-19. Among them, five highly ranked and novel drugs (paclitaxel, SB 203580, alpha 2-antiplasmin, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and butylated hydroxytoluene) with their mechanistic explanations were further discussed. Conclusion: We show that an LBD approach can be feasible for discovering drug candidates for COVID-19, and for generating mechanistic explanations. Our approach can be generalized to other diseases as well as to other clinical questions.
description: 47 pages, 3 figures, Accepted to Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Singular-hyperbolic attractors are chaotic
Creators: name: Araujo, Vitor
name: Pacifico, Maria Jose
name: Pujals, Enrique
name: Viana, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C10, 37C40, 37D30

description: We prove that a singular-hyperbolic attractor of a 3-dimensional flow is chaotic, in two strong different senses. Firstly, the flow is expansive: if two points remain close for all times, possibly with time reparametrization, then their orbits coincide. Secondly, there exists a physical (or Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen) measure supported on the attractor whose ergodic basin covers a full Lebesgue (volume) measure subset of the topological basin of attraction. Moreover this measure has absolutely continuous conditional measures along the center-unstable direction, is a $u$-Gibbs state and an equilibrium state for the logarithm of the Jacobian of the time one map of the flow along the strong-unstable direction. This extends to the class of singular-hyperbolic attractors the main elements of the ergodic theory of uniformly hyperbolic (or Axiom A) attractors for flows.
description: 55 pages, extra figures (now a total of 16), major rearrangement of sections and corrected proofs, improved introduction
Genetics of Obesity in Diverse Populations
Creators: name: Graff, M.
name: North, K.E.
name: Fernandez-Rhodes, L.
name: Young, K.L.
Publisher: name: Current Medicine Group LLC 1
Year: 2018

description: Purpose of Review: The prevalence of obesity continues to rise, fueling a global public health crisis characterized by dramatic increases in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and many cancers. In the USA, several minority populations, who bear much of the obesity burden (47% in African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos, compared to 38% in European descent groups), are particularly at risk of downstream chronic disease. Compounding these disparities, most genome-wide association studies (GWAS)—including those of obesity—have largely been conducted in populations of European or East Asian ancestry. In fact, analysis of the GWAS Catalog found that while the proportion of participants of non-European or non-Asian descent had risen from 4% in 2009 to 19% in 2016, African-ancestry participants are still just 3% of GWAS, Hispanic/Latinos are < 0.5%, and other ancestries are < 0.3% or not represented at all. This review summarizes recent developments in obesity genomics in US minority populations, with the goal of reducing obesity health disparities and improving public health programs and access to precision medicine. Recent Findings: GWAS of populations with the highest burden of obesity are essential to narrow candidate variants for functional follow-up, to identify additional ancestry-specific variants that contribute to individual genetic susceptibility, and to advance both public health and precision medicine approaches to obesity. Summary: Given the global public health burden posed by obesity and downstream chronic conditions which disproportionately affect non-European populations, GWAS of obesity-related traits in diverse populations is essential to (1) locate causal variants in GWAS-identified regions through fine mapping, (2) identify variants which influence obesity across ancestries through generalization, and (3) discover novel ancestry-specific variants which may be low frequency in European populations but common in other groups. Recent efforts to expand obesity genomic studies to understudied and underserved populations, including AAAGC, PAGE, and HISLA, are working to reduce obesity health disparities, improve public health, and bring the promise of precision medicine to all.
Stochastic Acceleration of $^3$He and $^4$He in Solar Flares by Parallel Propagating Plasma Waves: General Results
Creators: name: Liu, Siming
name: Petrosian, Vahé
name: Mason, Glenn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the acceleration in solar flares of $^3$He and $^4$He from a thermal background by parallel propagating plasma waves with a general broken power-law spectrum that takes into account the turbulence generation processes at large scales and the thermal damping effects at small scales. The exact dispersion relation for a cold plasma is used to describe the relevant wave modes. Because low-energy $α$-particles only interact with small scale waves in the $^4$He-cyclotron branch, where the wave frequencies are below the $α$-particle gyro-frequency, their pitch angle averaged acceleration time is at least one order of magnitude longer than that of $^3$He ions, which mostly resonate with relatively higher frequency waves in the proton-cyclotron (PC) branch. The $α$-particle acceleration rate starts to approach that of $^3$He beyond a few tens of keV nucleon$^{-1}$, where $α$-particles can also interact with long wavelength waves in the PC branch. However, the $^4$He acceleration rate is always smaller than that of $^3$He. Consequently, the acceleration of $^4$He is suppressed significantly at low energies, and the spectrum of the accelerated $α$-particles is always softer than that of $^3$He. The model gives reasonable account of the observed low-energy $^3$He and $^4$He fluxes and spectra in the impulsive solar energetic particle events observed with the {\it Advanced Composition Explorer}. We explore the model parameter space to show how observations may be used to constrain the model.
description: 29 pages, 11 Figures, Submitted to ApJ
Combinatorics of Partial Derivatives
Creators: name: Hardy, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15; 05A18; 11B73; 05-02

description: The natural forms of the Leibniz rule for the $k$th derivative of a product and of Faà di Bruno's formula for the $k$th derivative of a composition involve the differential operator $\partial^k/\partial x_1 ... \partial x_k$ rather than $d^k/dx^k$, with no assumptions about whether the variables $x_1,...,x_k$ are all distinct, or all identical, or partitioned into several distinguishable classes of indistinguishable variables. Coefficients appearing in forms of these identities in which some variables are indistinguishable are just multiplicities of indistinguishable terms (in particular, if all variables are distinct then all coefficients are 1). The computation of the multiplicities in this generalization of Faà di Bruno's formula is a combinatorial enumeration problem that, although completely elementary, seems to have been neglected. We apply the results to cumulants of probability distributions.
description: 13 pages
title: Palliative care complex pain multidisciplinary meeting: a novel referral source for interventional radiology procedures.
Creators: name: Ninnes, Louise
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Oncology
subject: Other
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care

description: Learning objectives
Background
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Learning objectives:
Prevalence of pathologies associated with complex pain in palliative patients requiring MDT input for management. Outcomes of the therapeutic recommendations from the MDT between the subspecialities. Types of interventional radiology procedure...
GaMnAs-based hybrid multiferroic memory device
Creators: name: Overby, M.
name: Chernyshov, A.
name: Rokhinson, L. P.
name: Liu, X.
name: Furdyna, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rapidly developing field of spintronics is based on the premise that substituting charge with spin as a carrier of information can lead to new devices with lower power consumption, non-volatility and high operational speed. Despite efficient magnetization detection, magnetization manipulation is primarily performed by current-generated local magnetic fields and is very inefficient. Here we report a novel non-volatile hybrid multiferroic memory cell with electrostatic control of magnetization based on strain-coupled GaMnAs ferromagnetic semiconductor and a piezoelectric material. We use the crystalline anisotropy of GaMnAs to store information in the orientation of the magnetization along one of the two easy axes, which is monitored via transverse anisotropic magnetoresistance. The magnetization orientation is switched by applying voltage to the piezoelectric material and tuning magnetic anisotropy of GaMnAs via the resulting stress field.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Impact of I 75 on the Local Economy between Walton and Georgetown
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: In 1956 the National Interstate and Defense Highway System was approved by Congress. It was immediately apparent that the diversion of traffic to such a system could result in immediate and lasting significant changes in the traffic flow patterns on the older highways, and this probably would have an immediate effect upon the businesses located along these older highways. In the bill authorizing the Interstate Highway System provision was made for studies of the economic effects of the new system upon local economies. The study reported herein is a part of a long-range investigation of the various aspects of economic impact of new highway facilities on land values, land uses, businesses, and income-producing assets. The work was initially assigned to the Bureau of Business Research, University of Kentucky, under a five-year contractual agreement initiated in 1958.
Interaction graph-based characterization of quantum benchmarks for improving quantum circuit mapping techniques
Creators: name: Bandić, Medina
name: Almudever, Carmen G.
name: Feld, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To execute quantum circuits on a quantum processor, they must be modified to meet the physical constraints of the quantum device. This process, called quantum circuit mapping, results in a gate/circuit depth overhead that depends on both the circuit properties and the hardware constraints, being the limited qubit connectivity a crucial restriction. In this paper, we propose to extend the characterization of quantum circuits by including qubit interaction graph properties using graph theory-based metrics in addition to previously used circuit-describing parameters. This approach allows for in-depth analysis and clustering of quantum circuits and a comparison of performance when run on different quantum processors, aiding in developing better mapping techniques. Our study reveals a correlation between interaction graph-based parameters and mapping performance metrics for various existing configurations of quantum devices. We also provide a comprehensive collection of quantum circuits and algorithms for benchmarking future compilation techniques and quantum devices.
title: Ovarian torsion: Early diagnosis leads to a salvageable ovary
Creators: name: Peterson, Michelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Education
subject: Inflammation

description: Learning objectives
Background
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Learning objectives:
To share key learning points with radiology healthcare professionals about sonographic findings that can enable earlier detection of ovarian torsion and increase the likelihoodof ovariansalvage. A retrospective review of cases with delayed...
A modified equation analysis for immersed boundary methods based on volume penalization: applications to linear advection-diffusion and high-order discontinuous Galerkin schemes
Creators: name: Llorente, Victor J.
name: Kou, Jiaqing
name: Valero, Eusebio
name: Ferrer, Esteban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) is a popular numerical approach to impose boundary conditions without relying on body-fitted grids, thus reducing the costly effort of mesh generation. To obtain enhanced accuracy, IBM can be combined with high-order methods (e.g., discontinuous Galerkin). For this combination to be effective, an analysis of the numerical errors is essential. In this work, we apply, for the first time, a modified equation analysis to the combination of IBM (based on volume penalization) and high-order methods (based on nodal discontinuous Galerkin methods) to analyze a priori numerical errors and obtain practical guidelines on the selection of IBM parameters. The analysis is performed on a linear advection-diffusion equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Three ways to penalize the immerse boundary are considered, the first penalizes the solution inside the IBM region (classic approach), whilst the second and third penalize the first and second derivatives of the solution. We find optimal combinations of the penalization parameters, including the first and second penalizing derivatives, resulting in minimum errors. We validate the theoretical analysis with numerical experiments for one- and two-dimensional advection-diffusion equations.
Implications of the Curvaton on Inflationary Cosmology
Creators: name: Moroi, Takeo
name: Takahashi, Tomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study implications of the curvaton, a late-decaying light scalar field, on inflationary cosmology, paying particular attentions to modifications of observable quantities such as the scalar spectral index of the primordial power spectrum and the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We consider this issue from a general viewpoint and discuss how the observable quantities are affected by the existence of the curvaton. It is shown that the modification owing to the curvaton depends on class of inflation models. We also study the effects of the curvaton on inflation models generated by the inflationary flow equation.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Aspects of thermal leptogenesis in braneworld cosmology
Creators: name: Bento, M. C.
name: Felipe, R. Gonzalez
name: Santos, N. M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of thermal leptogenesis is investigated in the high-energy regime of braneworld cosmology. Within the simplest seesaw framework with hierarchical heavy Majorana neutrinos, we study the implications of the modified Friedmann equation on the realization of this mechanism. In contrast with the usual leptogenesis scenario of standard cosmology, where low-energy neutrino data favors a mildly strong washout regime, we find that leptogenesis in the braneworld regime is successfully realized in a weak washout regime. Furthermore, a quasi-degenerate light neutrino mass spectrum is found to be compatible with this scenario. For an initially vanishing heavy Majorana neutrino abundance, thermal leptogenesis in the brane requires the decaying heavy Majorana neutrino mass to be M1 > 10^10 GeV and the fundamental five-dimensional gravity scale 10^12 < M5 < 10^16 GeV, which corresponds to a transition from brane to standard cosmology at temperatures 10^8 < Tt < 10^14 GeV.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, a few comments and references added. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Planning Beef Production: An Application of Dynamic Programming
Creators: name: Clark, John
name: Kumar, Santosh
name: Clark, John
name: Kumar, Santosh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The determination of an optimal feeding and marketing strategy for a beef grazing enterprise is formulated as a dynamic programming problem. It is supposed that a decision has to be made from time to time as to whether to market animals at their current weights or to retain them for further fattening; if the former policy is adopted, a further judgment is required as to whether to purchase replacement cattle immediately or at some later time. To obtain a realistic feeding and marketing model, liveweight gains and saleyard prices are assumed to be dependent on the time of the year and the breed of the cattle, saleyard prices also being dependent on liveweight.
title: Case report of amaurosis fugax as a harbinger for stroke
Creators: name: Sriselvakumar, Sajanakan
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: CT
subject: Complications
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Learning objectives
Background
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Learning objectives:
Amaurosis fugax (AF) describes a transient vision loss, usually lasting from two to thirty minutes. Although transient and painless, amaurosis fugax should be treated as a harbinger for a potential imminent...
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ ГЕНОЦИДА
Creators: name: Федулкина И.А.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: система предупреждения геноцида
эффективные превентивные действия
национальные институты
международное гуманитарное право.

description: В статье изложен взгляд автора на фундаментальные подходы к исследованию системы мер по предупреждению геноцида в современных условиях. Автором обозначены новые моменты целенаправленных государственных и общественных мер по выявлению, устранению, ослаблению и нейтрализации причин геноцида и условий, способствующих его совершению, осуществляемых на международном и национальном уровнях. Современное международное право обладает универсальным свойством воздействовать как на правосознание, так и на политическое и нравственное сознание людей в духе своих целей и принципов. Однако, по мнению автора, не следует забывать о значении и роли национального законодательства в деле борьбы с геноцидом, в частности, в сфере его предупреждения, т.к. оно на внутригосударственном уровне, взаимодействуя с международным правом, создает условия и обеспечивает реализацию мер по его профилактике, предотвращению и пресечению.
Excitation of g modes in Wolf-Rayet stars by a deep opacity bump
Creators: name: Townsend, R H D
name: MacDonald, J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the stability of l=1 and l=2 g modes in a pair of nitrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stellar models characterized by differing hydrogen abundances. We find that modes with intermediate radial orders are destabilized by a kappa mechanism operating on an opacity bump at an envelope temperature log T ~ 6.25. This `deep opacity bump' is due primarily to L-shell bound-free transitions of iron. Periods of the unstable modes span ~ 11-21 hr in the model containing some hydrogen, and ~ 3-12 hr in the hydrogen-depleted model. Based on the latter finding, we suggest that self-excited g modes may be the source of the 9.8 hr-periodic variation of WR 123 recently reported by Lefevre et al. (2005).
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by MNRAS letters
Entanglement negativity in de Sitter biverse from Stringy Axionic Bell pair: An analysis using Bunch-Davies vacuum
Creators: name: Choudhury, Sayantan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the signatures of quantum entanglement by computing entanglement negativity between two causally unrelated regions in $3+1$ dimensional global de Sitter space. We investigate a bipartite quantum field theoretic setup for this purpose, driven by an axionic Bell pair resulting from Type IIB string compactification on a Calabi-Yau three fold. We take into account a spherical surface that divides the spatial slice of the global de Sitter space into exterior and interior causally unrelated sub regions. For the computational purpose we use the simplest possible initial choice of quantum vacuum, which is Bunch-Davies state. The quantitative quantum information theoretic measure for entanglement negativity turns out be consistent with the results obtained for entanglement entropy, even we have to say it is better than that from quantum information theoretic point of view. We design the problem in a hyperbolic open chart where one of the causally unrelated observers remains constrained and the scale dependence enters to the corresponding quantum information theoretic entanglement measure for axionic Bell pair.We find from our analysis that in the large scales initially maximally entangled Bunch-Davies state turns out to be strongly entangled or weakly entangled depending on the axionic decay constant and the supersymmetry breaking scale. We also find that at the small scales the initial entanglement can be perfectly recovered.We also discuss the possibility of having a biverse picture, which is a mini version of the multiverse in the present theoretical set up. Last but not the least, we provide the necessary criteria for generating non vanishing quantum entanglement measures within the framework of quantum field theory of global de Sitter space as well as well as in primordial cosmology due to the axion derived from string theory.
description: 96 pages, 17 figures, Updated version, Typos corrected, Accepted for publication in Fortschritte der Physik - Progress of Physics
Is a Miracle-less WIMP Ruled Out?
Creators: name: Arakawa, Jason
name: Tait, Tim M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a real electroweak triplet scalar field as dark matter, abandoning the requirement that its relic abundance is determined through freeze out in a standard cosmological history (a situation which we refer to as a 'miracle-less WIMP'). We extract the bounds on such a particle from collider searches, searches for direct scattering with terrestrial targets, and searches for the indirect products of annihilation. Each type of search provides complementary information, and each is most effective in a different region of parameter space. LHC searches tend to be highly dependent on the mass of the SU(2) charged partner state, and are effective for very large or very tiny mass splitting between it and the neutral dark matter component. Direct searches are very effective at bounding the Higgs portal coupling, but ineffective once it falls below $λ_{\text{eff}} \lesssim 10^{-3}$. Indirect searches suffer from large astrophysical uncertainties due to the backgrounds and $J$-factors, but do provide key information for $\sim$ 100 GeV to TeV masses. Synthesizing the allowed parameter space, this example of WIMP dark matter remains viable, but only in miracle-less regimes.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures. Matches published version
title: Comparing the accuracy of consultant and registrar radiologists in detecting suspected Cauda Equina Syndrome on CT with reference to MRI.
Creators: name: Chang, David
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Emergency
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Trauma
subject: CT
subject: Safety
subject: Trauma

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) is a time-sensitive medical emergency which occurs when the Cauda Equina nerves in the spinal cord are compressed in the lumbosacral spine due to a disc herniation or fracture. This can result in lower limb paralysis,...