cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The role of breccia lenses in regolith generation from the formation of small, simple craters: Application to the Apollo 15 landing site
Creators: name: Hirabayashi, M.
name: Howl, B. A.
name: Fassett, C. I.
name: Soderblom, J. M.
name: Minton, D. A.
name: Melosh, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Impact cratering is likely a primary agent of regolith generation on airless bodies. Regolith production via impact cratering has long been a key topic of study since the Apollo era. The evolution of regolith due to impact cratering, however, is not well understood. A better formulation is needed to help quantify the formation mechanism and timescale of regolith evolution. Here, we propose an analytically derived stochastic model that describes the evolution of regolith generated by small, simple craters. We account for ejecta blanketing as well as regolith infilling of the transient crater cavity. Our results show that the regolith infilling plays a key role in producing regolith. Our model demonstrates that, because of the stochastic nature of impact cratering, the regolith thickness varies laterally, which is consistent with earlier work. We apply this analytical model to the regolith evolution at the Apollo 15 site. The regolith thickness is computed considering the observed crater size-frequency distribution of small, simple lunar craters (< 381 m in radius for ejecta blanketing and < 100 m in radius for the regolith infilling). Allowing for some amount of regolith coming from the outside of the area, our result is consistent with an empirical result from the Apollo 15 seismic experiment. Finally, we find that the timescale of regolith growth is longer than that of crater equilibrium, implying that even if crater equilibrium is observed on a cratered surface, it is likely the regolith thickness is still evolving due to additional impact craters.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, and accepted for publication in JGR-Planets
Can microplastics mediate soil properties, plant growth and carbon/nitrogen turnover in the terrestrial ecosystem?
Creators: name: Yao, Yao
name: Lili, Wang
name: Shufen, Pan
name: Gang, Li
name: Hongmei, Liu
name: Weiming, Xiu
name: Lingxuan, Gong
name: Jianning, Zhao
name: Guilong, Zhang
name: Dianlin, Yang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Virology

description: Microplastic (MP) pollution, a global environmental problem, has been recently studied in marine and freshwater environments. However, our understanding of MP effect on terrestrial ecosystems, especially carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover remains poor. This review summarizes the sources and distribution characteristics of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems and explores their effects on soil properties, plant growth, C and N turnover. Once entering the terrestrial ecosystem, MPs could involve in sequestrating carbon and nitrogen by changing soil properties (e.g., pH, soil aggregate stability, and soil porosity). MPs could exert direct influences on plants or on soil physical environment and microbial metabolic environment to indirectly affect plant growth, thus altering the quantity and quality of soil C and N inputs by shifts in plant litter and roots. The changes of the dominant bacteria phyla, related functional genes, and enzymes caused by MP pollution could affect C and N cycles. Additionally, the MP effect varies with its properties (e.g., types, shapes, elemental composition, functional groups, released additives). Future researches should unify the standard system of MP separation, detection, and reveal the ecological effects of MPs, especially their impacts on terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles in the context of climate changes.
Getting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Back on Track: Protecting Our National Investment in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in the COVID-19 Era
Creators: name: Gilkey M.B
name: Kornides M.L
name: Bednarczyk R.A
name: Perkins R.B
name: Zimet G.D
name: Gerend M.A
name: Saslow D
name: Brewer N.T
name: Sienko J
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2020

description: The adolescent health community must act quickly in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic to protect hard-won gains in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage. HPV vaccine protects against six cancers and could nearly eliminate cervical cancer, which disproportionately and unfairly burdens women of color. For more than a decade, U.S. primary care providers have worked tirelessly to establish the adolescent vaccine platform as part of routine care, but they have faced unique challenges with regard to HPV vaccination. HPV vaccination has required sustained investment by federal agencies, professional organizations, researchers, and other adolescent health advocates to achieve widespread use. Recently published surveillance data suggest our collective efforts have yielded results, with HPV vaccine series completion increasing from 30% in 2014 to 54% in 2019. In this commentary, we describe how the COVID-19 pandemic threatens to wipe out these hard-won gains and argue that interventions are urgently needed to protect our national investment in HPV vaccination.
A Model for the Origin and Mechanisms of CP Violation
Creators: name: Wu, Yue-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I will show that the two-Higgs doublet model with vacuum CP violation and approximate global $U(1)$ family symmetries may provide one of the simplest and most attractive models for understanding the origin and mechanisms of CP violation. It is shown that the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking provides not only a mechanism for generating masses of the bosons and fermions, but also a mechanism for creating CP-phases of the bosons and fermions, so that CP violation occurs, after spontaneous symmetry breaking, in all possible ways from a single CP phase of the vacuum and is generally classified into four types of CP-violating mechanism. A new type of CP-violating mechanism in the charged Higgs boson interactions of the fermions is emphasized and can provide a consistent description for both established and reported CP-, P- and T-violating phenomena. Of particular importance is the new source of CP violation for charged Higgs boson interactions that lead to the value of $ε'/ε$ as large as $10^{-3}$ independend of the CKM phase. (Invited Talk at the 5th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics, May 31-June 6, 1994, at St. Petersburg, Florida, to appear in the Proceedings)
description: 12 pages, LaTex, DOE-ER/40682-71, CMU-HEP94-17
On Aspects Pertaining to the Perpendicular Diffusion of Solar Energetic Particles
Creators: name: Strauss, R. D.
name: Fichtner, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multitude of recent multi-point spacecraft observations of solar energetic particle (SEP) events have made it possible to study the longitudinal distribution of SEPs in great detail. SEPs, even those accelerated during impulsive events, show a much wider than expected longitudinal extent, bringing into question the processes responsible for their transport perpendicular to the local magnetic field. In this paper we examine some aspects of perpendicular transport by including perpendicular diffusion into a numerical SEP transport model that simulates the propagation of impulsively accelerated SEP electrons in the ecliptic plane. We find that: (i) The pitch-angle dependence of the perpendicular diffusion coefficient is an important, and currently mainly overlooked, transport parameter. (ii) SEP intensities are generally asymmetric in longitude, being enhanced towards the west of optimal magnetic connection to the acceleration region. (iii) The maximum SEP intensity may also be shifted (parameter dependently) away from the longitude of best magnetic connectivity at 1 AU. We also calculate the maximum intensity, the time of maximum intensity, the onset time and the maximum anisotropy as a function of longitude at Earth's orbit and compare the results, in a qualitative fashion, to recent spacecraft observations.
Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Glycemic Outcomes
Creators: name: Kahn S.E
name: Wexler D.J
name: Crandall J.P
name: Balasubramanyam A
name: Rasouli N
name: Cohen R.M
name: Nathan D.M
name: Lachin J.M
name: Larkin M.E
name: Butera N.M
name: Burch H.B
name: Krause-Steinrauf H
name: Buse J.B
name: Tiktin M
name: Younes N
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 2022

description: BACKGROUND The comparative effectiveness of glucose-lowering medications for use with metformin to maintain target glycated hemoglobin levels in persons with type 2 diabetes is uncertain. METHODS In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications. We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. The primary metabolic outcome was a glycated hemoglobin level, measured quarterly, of 7.0% or higher that was subsequently confirmed, and the secondary metabolic outcome was a confirmed glycated hemoglobin level greater than 7.5%. RESULTS A total of 5047 participants (19.8% Black and 18.6% Hispanic or Latinx) who had received metformin for type 2 diabetes were followed for a mean of 5.0 years. The cumulative incidence of a glycated hemoglobin level of 7.0% or higher (the primary metabolic outcome) differed significantly among the four groups (P<0.001 for a global test of differences across groups); the rates with glargine (26.5 per 100 participant-years) and liraglutide (26.1) were similar and lower than those with glimepiride (30.4) and sitagliptin (38.1). The differences among the groups with respect to a glycated hemoglobin level greater than 7.5% (the secondary outcome) paralleled those of the primary outcome. There were no material differences with respect to the primary outcome across prespecified subgroups defined according to sex, age, or race or ethnic group; however, among participants with higher baseline glycated hemoglobin levels there appeared to be an even greater benefit with glargine, liraglutide, and glimepiride than with sitagliptin. Severe hypoglycemia was rare but significantly more frequent with glimepiride (in 2.2% of the participants) than with glargine (1.3%), liraglutide (1.0%), or sitagliptin (0.7%). Participants who received liraglutide reported more frequent gastrointestinal side effects and lost more weight than those in the other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS All four medications, when added to metformin, decreased glycated hemoglobin levels. However, glargine and liraglutide were significantly, albeit modestly, more effective in achieving and maintaining target glycated hemoglobin levels.
Vanilla parvifolia Barb. Rodr.
Creators: name: Damián-Parizaca, Alexander
name: Karremans, Adam P.
name: Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole
name: Cameron, Kenneth M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Asparagales
Orchidaceae
Vanilla
Vanilla parvifolia

description: 21.Vanilla parvifoliaBarb. Rodr. (Barbosa-Rodrigues 1881: 271)
Fig. 3 C
Type.
BRAZIL – Parana • Curitiba; J. Barbosa Rodrigues s. n; holotype: †; lectotype (designated here): Barbosa Rodrigues’s original illustration at Biblioteca Barbosa Rodrigues, “ Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil ” 1: tab. 49, cited as tab. 767 (then unpublished) in Barbosa-Rodrigues (1881: 271); copied and reproduced in black and white in Cogniaux (1893: t. 33); reproduced in colour in Sprunger et al. (1996: t. 49).
Notes.
It is believed that Barbosa’s herbarium was destroyed during a tropical deluge (Castro and Singer 2018). However, Barbosa made several illustrations of his species (Mori and Ferreira 1987). We have designated the unpublished illustration made for Vanilla parvifolia as the lectotype, which was later reproduced by Cogniaux (1893) and published in Sprunger et al. (1996).
description: Published as part of Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole & Cameron, Kenneth M., 2025, Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae), pp. 111-121 in Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1) on pages 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
Bound electron nonlinearity beyond the ionization threshold
Creators: name: Wahlstrand, J. K.
name: Zahedpour, S.
name: Bahl, A.
name: Kolesik, M.
name: Milchberg, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although high field laser-induced ionization is a fundamental process underlying many applications, there have been no absolute measurements of the nonlinear polarizability of atoms and molecules in the presence of ionization. Such information is crucial, for example, for understanding the propagation of high intensity ultrashort pulses in matter. Here, we present absolute space- and time-resolved measurements of the ultrafast laser-driven nonlinear polarizability in argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, and oxygen up to an ionization fraction of a few percent. These measurements enable determination of the non-perturbative bound electron nonlinearity well beyond the ionization threshold, where it is found to be approximately linear in intensity.
Madrepora pileus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Oculinidae
Madrepora
Madrepora pileus

description: Madrepora pileus [spec. nov.]
M. simplex acaulis conglomerato-lamellosa, lamellis verrucosis.
Rumph. amb. 6. p. 248. t. 88. f. 3. Fungus saxeus.
Habitat in O. Asiatico.
Stella composita ex stellis excavatis: Radiis palmatis centrum & peripheriam respicientibus. Radii alterni in stellulis altiores margine bifariam crenato, alterni humiliores angustiores.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 794, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The Washington Large Area Time Coincidence Array
Creators: name: Cramer, J. G.
name: Elliott, S. R.
name: Wilkerson, J. F.
name: Wilkes, R. J.
name: Zager, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number and density of schools in the Seattle area is convenient for the study of distributed particle showers produced at the top of the atmosphere by ultra-high energy (about $10^{20}$ eV) cosmic rays. We are forming a collaboration for the development of a distributed detector network to study air showers from such ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We call the cosmic ray measurement component WALTA (WAshington Large-area Time-coincidence Array). WALTA aims to provide teachers and students the opportunity to become active participants in forefront scientific projects. A cornerstone of the program will be to install a measurement module at each participating school.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 1 of A nanoreactor boosts chemodynamic therapy and ferroptosis for synergistic cancer therapy using molecular amplifier dihydroartemisinin
Creators: name: Yang, Xiao-Xin
name: Xu, Xiang
name: Wang, Mei-Fang
name: Xu, Hua-Zhen
name: Peng, Xing-Chun
name: Han, Ning
name: Yu, Ting-Ting
name: Li, Liu-Gen
name: Li, Qi-Rui
name: Chen, Xiao
name: Wen, Yu
name: Li, Tong-Fei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Size distribution of MIL-101-NH2, hydrodynamic diameters and stability evaluation of DHA@MIL-101. Figure S2. UV–vis absorption spectra of DHA, MIL-101-NH2 and DHA@MIL-101-NH2. Figure S3. TGA curves of MIL-101-NH2 and DHA@MIL-101-NH2. Figure S4. SEM images of ICN-DHA@MIL-101. Figure S5. UV–vis absorption spectra of ICG and ICG-DHA@MIL-101-NH2. Figure S6 Uptake of ICG-DHA@MIL-101 in LLC. Figure S7. DHA up-regulated the expression of TfR1 in LLC. Figure S8. DHA@MIL-101 promoted Nuclear translocation of NF-κB of LLC. Figure S9. DHA@MIL-101 promoted phosphorylation of NF-κB of LLC. Figure S10. The ICG-DHA@MIL-101 distribution in tumor grafts. Figure S11. The COX-2 and γ-H2A.X expression in tumor grafts. Figure S12. DHA@MIL-101 induced prominent apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells in tumor grafts. Figure S13. DHA@MIL-101 promoted the expression of Bax, caspase-3, decreased expression of PCNA in tumor grafts. Figure S14. The body weight of LLC-bearing mice varied little after DHA@MIL-101 treatment. Figure S15. No evident organ toxicity in DHA@MIL-101-treated mice. Figure S16. LPO in LLC was detected using C11-BODIPY probe with confocal microscopy. Figure S17. Quantitative gray analysis of WB results in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4.
Additional file 2: of Unlocking the novel genetic diversity and population structure of synthetic Hexaploid wheat
Creators: name: Bhatta, Madhav
name: Morgounov, Alexey
name: Belamkar, Vikas
name: Poland, Jesse
name: P. Stephen Baenziger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Population structure analysis of 139 synthetic hexaploid wheats, durum and Aegilops tauschii parents obtained from Bayesian clustering algorithm. (DOCX 747Â kb)
The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale XXIV: The Calibration of Tully-Fisher Relations and the Value of the Hubble Constant
Creators: name: Sakai, Shoko
name: Mould, Jeremy R.
name: Hughes, Shaun M. G.
name: Huchra, John P.
name: Macri, Lucas M.
name: Kennicutt, Robert C.
name: Gibson, Brad K.
name: Ferrarese, Laura
name: Freedman, Wendy L.
name: Han, Mingsheng
name: Ford, Holland C.
name: Graham, John A.
name: Illingworth, Garth D.
name: Kelson, Daniel D.
name: Madore, Barry F.
name: Sebo, Kim
name: Silbermann, Nancy A.
name: Stetson, Peter B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the calibration of BVRIH$ Tully-Fisher relations based on Cepheid distances to 21 galaxies within 25 Mpc, and 23 clusters within 10,000 km/s. These relations have been applied to several distant cluster surveys in order to derive a value for the Hubble constant, H0, mainly concentrating on an I-band all-sky survey by Giovanelli and collaborators which consisted of total I magnitudes and 50% linewidth data for ~550 galaxies in 16 clusters. For comparison, we also derive the values of H0 using surveys in B-band and V-band by Bothun and collaborators, and in H-band by Aaronson and collaborators. Careful comparisons with various other databases from literature suggest that the H-band data, whose magnitudes are isophotal magnitudes extrapolated from aperture magnitudes rather than total magnitudes, are subject to systematic uncertainties. Taking a weighted average of the estimates of Hubble constants from four surveys, we obtain H0 = 71 +- 4 (random) +- 7 (systematic) km/s/Mpc. We have also investigated how various systematic uncertainties affect the value of H0 such as the internal extinction correction method used, Tully-Fisher slopes and shapes, a possible metallicity dependence of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation and cluster population incompleteness bias.
description: 34 pages, 13 figures
Influence of the Event Rate on Discrimination Abilities of Bankruptcy Prediction Models
Creators: name: Zhang, Lili
name: Priestley, Jennifer
name: Ni, Xuelei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In bankruptcy prediction, the proportion of events is very low, which is often oversampled to eliminate this bias. In this paper, we study the influence of the event rate on discrimination abilities of bankruptcy prediction models. First the statistical association and significance of public records and firmographics indicators with the bankruptcy were explored. Then the event rate was oversampled from 0.12% to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. Seven models were developed, including Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, Bayesian Network, and Neural Network. Under different event rates, models were comprehensively evaluated and compared based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic, accuracy, F1 score, Type I error, Type II error, and ROC curve on the hold-out dataset with their best probability cut-offs. Results show that Bayesian Network is the most insensitive to the event rate, while Support Vector Machine is the most sensitive.
Comprehensive Language Development - Strategies for IELTS Success by Dr. Ryan James Whitehouse
Creators: name: Whitehouse, Ryan James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 470307
subject: English language

description: This study presents an examination of language proficiency trends among 1000 Thai English language students engaged in IELTS preparation in 2023, offering valuable insights into key areas of improvement. The survey encompassed various language skills, including vocabulary mastery, listening and speaking proficiency, and grammar skills. Findings indicate that 45% of students fall within the intermediate proficiency level, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions for both beginners (20%) and those already proficient (35%). The study identified a balanced distribution in vocabulary proficiency, with 50% demonstrating moderate skills, 28% exhibiting high proficiency, and 22% at a basic level. Listening skills showcase a positive trend, with 60% demonstrating good to excellent proficiency, while 40% need further improvement.Speaking proficiency revealed that 45% of students are competent, indicating a substantial foundation, while 30% are in the developing stage, highlighting opportunities for growth. Grammar skills vary, with 40% deemed competent, 25% possessing a strong command, 25% in the developing stage, and 10% at a basic level. Regarding study resource utilization, 60% favor language apps, emphasizing the digital shift in learning, and 35% opt for online courses. Weekly study hours show a promising commitment, with 40% dedicating 6-10 hours and 30% investing 11-15 hours per week.These findings underscore the importance of tailoring language programs to address proficiency gaps, emphasizing digital resources, and promoting a balanced allocation of study hours for comprehensive IELTS preparation. The study provides educators and institutions with valuable insights to optimize language learning strategies and foster greater success among IELTS candidates.
Madrepora maeandrites Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Oculinidae
Madrepora
Madrepora maeandrites

description: Madrepora maeandrites [spec. nov.]
M. subsimplex acaulis, centris concatenatis, lamellis dentatis.
Roy. lugdb. 525. Madrepora composita sinuosa, lamellis duplici serie integris.
Gvalt. test. t. 51. Maeandrites costis amplioribus acutis & rarioribus lamellis.
Pet. fil. 217. t. 20. f. 17. Corallium crispum.
Sloan jam. 1. p. 56. t. 18. f. 5. Fungus lapideus major undulatus.
Habitat in O. Americano.
Stella ex centris variis, copiosis, oblongis, confluentibus in canales labyrinthiformes. Centra non ex suturis, sed ex lamellis. Lamellae non emarginatae.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 794, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes in U.S. Patients With COVID-19: Data From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Database
Creators: name: Arora N
name: Yoo Y.J
name: Moffitt R
name: Wong R
name: Vaddavalli R
name: Bramante C.T
name: Saltz M
name: Tronieri J.S
name: Buse J.B
name: Garcia V
name: Saltz J
name: Anand A
name: Johnson S
name: Miller J
name: Hall M
Publisher: name: American Diabetes Association Inc.
Year: 2022

description: OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with acute COVID-19 infection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using observational data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), a longitudinal, multicenter U.S. cohort of patients with COVID-19 infection. Patients were ≥18 years old with T2D and confirmed COVID-19 infection by laboratory testing or diagnosis code. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality following the date of COVID-19 diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included need for invasive ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), hospitalization within 7 days before or 30 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, and length of stay (LOS) for patients who were hospitalized. RESULTS The study included 39,616 patients (50.9% female, 55.4% White, 26.4% Black or African American, and 16.1% Hispanic or Latino, with mean ± SD age 62.1 ± 13.9 years and mean ± SD HbA1c 7.6% ± 2.0). There was an increasing risk of hospitalization with incrementally higher HbA1c levels, but risk of death plateaued at HbA1c >8%, and risk of invasive ventilation or ECMO plateaued 9%. There was no significant difference in LOS across HbA1c levels. CONCLUSIONS In a large, multicenter cohort of patients in the U.S. with T2D and COVID-19 infection, risk of hospitalization increased with incrementally higher HbA1c levels. Risk of death and invasive ventilation also increased but plateaued at different levels of glycemic control.
An Investigation of the Monitoring Activity in Self Adaptive Systems
Creators: name: Abuseta, Yousef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Runtime monitoring is essential for the violation detection during the underlying software system execution. In this paper, an investigation of the monitoring activity of MAPE-K control loop is performed which aims at exploring:(1) the architecture of the monitoring activity in terms of the involved components and control and data flow between them; (2) the standard interface of the monitoring component with other MAPE-K components; (3) the adaptive monitoring and its importance to the monitoring overhead issue; and (4) the monitoring mode and its relevance to some specific situations and systems. This paper also presented a Java framework for the monitoring process for self adaptive systems.
description: 15 pages
Perpendicular Diffusion of Solar Energetic Particles: Model Results and Implications for Electrons
Creators: name: Strauss, R. D.
name: Dresing, N.
name: Engelbrecht, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The processes responsible for the effective longitudinal transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still not completely understood. We address this issue by simulating SEP electron propagation using a spatially 2D transport model that includes perpendicular diffusion. By implementing, as far as possible, the most reasonable estimates of the transport (diffusion) coefficients, we compare our results, in a qualitative manner, to recent observations {at energies of 55 -- 105 keV}, focusing on the longitudinal distribution of the peak intensity, the maximum anisotropy and the onset time. By using transport coefficients which are derived from first principles, we limit the number of free parameters in the model to: (i) the probability of SEPs following diffusing magnetic field lines, quantified by $a \in [0,1]$, and (ii) the broadness of the Gaussian injection function. It is found that the model solutions are extremely sensitive to the magnitude of the {perpendicular} diffusion coefficient and relatively insensitive to the form of the injection function as long as a reasonable value of $a=0.2$ is used. We illustrate the effects of perpendicular diffusion on the model solutions and discuss the viability of this process as a dominant mechanism by which SEPs are transported in longitude. Lastly, we try to quantity the effectiveness of perpendicular diffusion as an interplay between the magnitude of the relevant diffusion coefficient and the SEP intensity gradient driving the diffusion process. It follows that perpendicular diffusion is extremely effective early in a SEP event when large intensity gradients are present, while the effectiveness quickly decreases with time thereafter.
Axion Dissipation Through the Mixing of Goldstone Bosons
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Barr, S. M.
name: Seckel, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By coupling axions strongly to a hidden sector, the energy density in coherent axions may be converted to radiative degrees of freedom, alleviating the ``axion energy crisis''. The strong coupling is achieved by mixing the axion and some other Goldstone boson through their kinetic energy terms, in a manner reminiscent of paraphoton models. Even with the strong coupling it proves difficult to relax the axion energy density through particle absorption, due to the derivative nature of Goldstone boson couplings and the effect of back reactions on the evolution of the axion number density. However, the distribution of other particle species in the hidden sector will be driven from equilibrium by the axion field oscillations. Restoration of thermal equilibrium results in energy being transferred from the axions to massless particles, where it can redshift harmlessly without causing any cosmological problems.
description: 20 pages, Latex, (3 uuencoded compressed tarred postscript figures attached)
Emulsion Chamber Densitometry by Macroscopic Digital Imaging
Creators: name: Zager, E. L.
name: Wilkes, R. J.
name: Lord, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spot density is commonly used as an indication of shower energy in emulsion chambers. In a system originally developed for JACEE analysis, the optical density of a spot on x-ray film is estimated from macroscopic digital images. The spot's size is used to compensate for the lack of dynamic range obtainable with digital imaging hardware. These densities are compared to manually measured densities.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Generational Mass Splitting of Neutrinos in High Temperature $SU(2)_{\scriptscriptstyle{L}}\otimes U(1)$ Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Erdas, A.
name: Kim, C. W.
name: Lee, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the generational mass splitting of neutrinos in high temperature $SU(2)_{\scriptscriptstyle{L}}\otimes U(1)$ gauge theory when the temperature is above $250$ GeV and the gauge symmetry is restored. We consider the case of neutrinos that are massless at tree level as well as the case of neutrinos with tree-level mass and large mixing.
description: 12 Pages, JHU-TIPAC-940008/INFNCA-TH-94-8
Gradient Doping in Sn–Pb Perovskites by Barium Ions for Efficient Single-Junction and Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Xiao X
name: Yu Z
name: Chen B
name: Berry J.J
name: Ni Z
name: Yao C
name: Chen X
name: Yang G
name: Huang J
name: Chen S
name: Beard M.C
name: Yan Y
name: Xu S
name: Harvey S.P
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2022

description: Narrow-bandgap (NBG) tin (Sn)–lead (Pb) perovskites generally have a high density of unintentional p-type self-doping, which reduces the charge-carrier lifetimes, diffusion lengths, and device efficiencies. Here, a p–n homojunction across the Sn–Pb perovskite is demonstrated, which results from a gradient doping by barium ions (Ba2+). It is reported that 0.1 mol% Ba2+ can effectively compensate the p-doping of Sn–Pb perovskites or even turns it to n-type without changing its bandgap. Ba2+ cations are found to stay at the interstitial sites and work as shallow electron donor. In addition, Ba2+ cations show a unique heterogeneous distribution in perovskite film. Most of the barium ions stay in the top 600 nm region of the perovskite films and turn it into weakly n-type, while the bottom portion of the film remains as p-type. The gradient doping forms a homojunction from top to bottom of the perovskite films with a built-in field that facilitates extraction of photogenerated carriers, resulting in an increased carrier extraction length. This strategy enhances the efficiency of Sn–Pb perovskite single-junction solar cells to over 21.0% and boosts the efficiencies of monolithic perovskite–perovskite tandem solar cells to 25.3% and 24.1%, for active areas of 5.9 mm2 and 0.94 cm2, respectively.
Predicting the Clustering of X-Ray Selected Galaxy Clusters in Flux-Limited Surveys
Creators: name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Matarrese, Sabino
name: Lucchin, Francesco
name: Rosati, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We present a model to predict the clustering properties of X-ray clusters in flux-limited surveys. Our technique correctly accounts for past light-cone effects on the observed clustering and follows the non-linear evolution in redshift of the underlying DM correlation function and cluster bias factor. The conversion of the limiting flux of a survey into the corresponding minimum mass of the hosting DM haloes is obtained by using theoretical and empirical relations between mass, temperature and X-ray luminosity of clusters. Finally, our model is calibrated to reproduce the observed cluster counts adopting a temperature-luminosity relation moderately evolving with redshift. We apply our technique to three existing catalogues: BCS, XBACs and REFLEX samples. Moreover, we consider an example of possible future space missions with fainter limiting flux. In general, we find that the amplitude of the spatial correlation function is a decreasing function of the limiting flux and that the EdS models always give smaller correlation amplitudes than open or flat models with low matter density parameter. In the case of XBACs, the comparison with previous estimates of the observational spatial correlation shows that only the predictions of models with Omega_0m=0.3 are in good agreement with the data, while the EdS models have too low a correlation strength. Finally, we use our technique to discuss the best strategy for future surveys. Our results show that the choice of a wide area catalogue, even with a brighter limiting flux, is preferable to a deeper, but with smaller area, survey.
description: 20 pages, Latex using MN style, 11 figures enclosed. Version accepted for publication in MNRAS
An Effective Chiral Lagrangian Approach to Kaon-Nuclear Interactions: Kaonic atom and kaon condensation
Creators: name: Lee, Chang-Hwan
name: Brown, G. E.
name: Min, Dong-Pil
name: Rho, Mannque
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On-shell kaon-nucleon scattering, kaonic atom and kaon condensation are treated on the same footing by means of a chiral perturbation expansion to the next-to-next-to-leading order (``N$^2$LO"). Constraining the low-energy constants in the chiral Lagrangian by on-shell $KN$ scattering lengths and kaonic atom data, the off-shell s-wave scattering amplitude up to one-loop order corresponding to N$^2$LO and the critical density of kaon condensation up to in-medium two-loop order are computed. The effects on kaon-proton scattering of the quasi-bound $Λ(1405)$ and on kaonic atoms and kaon condensation of $Λ(1405)$-proton-hole excitations through four-Fermi interactions are studied to all orders in density within the in-medium two-loop approximation. It is found that the four-Fermi interaction terms in the chiral Lagrangian play an essential role in providing attraction for kaonic atoms, thereby inducing condensation but the critical density is remarkably insensitive to the strength of the four-Fermi interaction that figures in kaonic atoms. The prediction for the critical density is extremely robust and gives -- for ``natural" values of the four-Fermi interactions -- a rather low critical density, $ρ_c \lsim 4 ρ_0$. When the BR scaling is suitably implemented, the condensation sets in at $ρ_c\simeq 2\, ρ_0$ with loop corrections and four-Fermi interactions playing a minor role.
description: 40 pages(LaTeX) and 13 figures, SNUTP-94-50. There were modifications according to the change in the References
X-ray Properties of the Abell 644 Cluster of Galaxies
Creators: name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Sarazin, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use new ASCA observations and archival ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) data to determine the X-ray spectral properties of the intracluster gas in Abell 644. From the overall spectrum, we determine the average gas temperature to be 8.64 (+0.67,-0.56) keV, and an abundance of 0.32 (+/-0.04) $Z_{\odot}$. The global ASCA and ROSAT spectra imply a cooling rate of 214 (+100,-91) $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. The PSPC X-ray surface brightness profile and the ASCA data suggest a somewhat higher cooling rate. We determine the gravitational mass and gas mass as a function of radius. The total gravitating mass within 1.2 Mpc is $6.2\times10^{14}$ $M_{\odot}$, of which 20% is in the form of hot gas. There is a region of elevated temperature 1.5-5 arcmin to the west of the cluster center. The south-southwest region of the cluster also shows excess emission in the ROSAT PSPC X-ray image, aligned with the major axis of the optical cD galaxy in the center of the cluster. We argue that the cluster is undergoing or has recently undergone a minor merger. The combination of a fairly strong cooling flow and evidence for a merger make this cluster an interesting case to test the disruption of cooling flow in mergers.
description: 26 pages LaTeX including 9 eps figures + 4 pages LaTeX tables (landscape); accepted to ApJ, uses aaspp4
Madrepora labyrinthiformis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Oculinidae
Madrepora
Madrepora labyrinthiformis

description: Madrepora labyrinthiformis [spec. nov.]
M. simplex acaulis, centro repando-labyrinthiformi, lamellis retusis.
Hort. cliff. 481. Madrepora composita labyrinthiformis hemisphaerica, lamellis duplicato ordine integris obtusis, sinubus aequalibus.
Pet. gaz. 7. t. 68. f. 1. Corallium album americanum.
Vallisn. op. 1. t. 17.
Gvalt. test. t. 10. f. 29. Madrepora costis latis sinuosis & sulcatis.
Hill. plant. 2. Mycedium convexum gyris sulcatis.
Bocc. epist. 17. p. 141. Astroites undulatus major.
Olear. mus. 74. t. 34. f. 1. Astroites.
Besl. mus. 83. t. 26. f. 1. Massa coralloides albicans, maris fluctus representans.
Habitat in O. Americano.
Stella convexa. Sutura reptans, millefaria, humilior, e qua assurgit altior lamellis intersecta. Lamellae parallelae.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 794-795, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
A New Calculation of the Recombination Epoch
Creators: name: Seager, Sara
name: Sasselov, Dimitar D.
name: Scott, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an improved recombination calculation of H, HeI, and HeII in the early Universe which involves a line-by-line treatment of each atomic level. We find two major differences compared with previous calculations. Firstly, the ionization fraction x_e is approximately 10% smaller for redshifts
description: 5 pages, including 2 figures, uses emulateapj.sty, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, the code RECFAST is available in fortran at http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/scott/recfast.html and in C at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~seager/Rec/rec.html and http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~sasselov/rec/
Reidemeister classes in some weakly branch groups
Creators: name: Troitsky, Evgenij
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E45, 20B35, 20F28, 20F65

description: We prove that a saturated weakly branch group $G$ has the property $R_\infty$ (any automorphism $ϕ:G\to G$ has infinite Reidemeister number) in each of the following cases: 1) any element of $Out(G)$ has finite order; 2) for any $ϕ$ the number of orbits on levels of the tree automorphism $t$ inducing $ϕ$ is uniformly bounded and $G$ is weakly stabilizer transitive; 3) $G$ is finitely generated, prime-branching, and weakly stabilizer transitive with some non-abelian stabilizers (with no restrictions on automorphisms). Some related facts and generalizations are proved.
description: 9 pages
A Variational Approach to the Spinless Relativistic Coulomb Problem
Creators: name: Lucha, Wolfgang
name: SCHÖberl, Franz F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By application of a straightforward variational procedure we derive a simple, analytic upper bound on the ground-state energy eigenvalue of a semirelativistic Hamiltonian for (one or two) spinless particles which experience some Coulomb-type interaction.
description: 7 pages, HEPHY-PUB 606/94
Additional file 7: of Comparative root transcriptome of wild Arachis reveals NBS-LRR genes related to nematode resistance
Creators: name: Mota, Ana
name: Vidigal, Bruna
name: Danchin, Etienne
name: Togawa, Roberto
name: Leal-Bertioli, Soraya
name: Bertioli, David
name: Araujo, Ana
name: Brasileiro, Ana
name: Guimaraes, Patricia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S4. Distribution of A. stenosperma and A. duranensis expressed NBS-LRR subclasses in A. duranensis chromosomes ( http://peanutbase.org/ ). (PDF 1178 kb)
Grain Engineering for Perovskite/Silicon Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells with Efficiency of 25.4%
Creators: name: Yu Z
name: Holman Z
name: Shi J
name: Chen B
name: Liu Y
name: Rudd P.N
name: Spronk D
name: Huang J
name: Zheng X
name: Liu K
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2019

description: Organic-inorganic halide perovskites are promising semiconductors to mate with silicon in tandem photovoltaic cells due to their solution processability and tunable complementary bandgaps. Herein, we show that a combination of two additives, MACl and MAH 2 PO 2 , in the perovskite precursor can significantly improve the grain morphology of wide-bandgap (1.64–1.70 eV) perovskite films, resulting in solar cells with increased photocurrent while reducing the open-circuit voltage deficit to 0.49–0.51 V. The addition of MACl enlarges the grain size, while MAH 2 PO 2 reduces non-radiative recombination through passivation of the perovskite grain boundaries, with good synergy of functions from MACl and MAH 2 PO 2 . Matching the photocurrent between the two sub-cells in a perovskite/silicon monolithic tandem solar cell by using a bandgap of 1.64 eV for the top cell results in a high tandem V oc of 1.80 V and improved power conversion efficiency of 25.4%. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.; Grain engineering through combined MACl and MAH 2 PO 2 additives in perovskite precursors improves the photovoltaic performance of perovskite/silicon tandem cells. MACl increases the grain size of wide-bandgap perovskite films and also produces smooth films. MAH 2 PO 2 suppresses non-radiative recombination sites at grain boundaries. The synergetic effects of MACl and MAH 2 PO 2 further promote grain growth and prolong the carrier recombination lifetime. This enables a power conversion efficiency of 25.4% for a perovskite/silicon tandem device. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.; The efficiency of organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells skyrocketed in the past 6 years, reaching 23.3%. Their pairing with silicon in tandem solar cells offers a promising path for further reducing the levelized cost of electricity of photovoltaics. Strategies such as compositional engineering and charge-transport-layer optimization have been reported to improve the tandem efficiency. However, the large open-circuit voltage deficit of wide-bandgap perovskite cells still limits the tandem performance. Here, we utilize combined additives to smooth the perovskite film, increase its grain size, and lower its defect density. The synergistic effect of the additives leads to increased photocurrent and reduced open-circuit voltage deficit for wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. When additives are used to form a top cell with a bandgap of 1.64 eV, the perovskite and silicon sub-cells are current matched and yield a perovskite/silicon tandem device with an efficiency of 25.4%.
Madrepora areolata Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Oculinidae
Madrepora
Madrepora areolata

description: Madrepora areolata [spec. nov.]
M. simplex acaulis: ambulacris pinnatis, pulvillis angustis truncatis
Pet. sil. 216. t. 20. f. 16.
Rumph. amb. 6. p. 244. t. 87. f. 1.
Olear. mus. t. 34. f. 4.
Clus. exot. 125. Fungus saxeus minor.
Habitat in O. Asiatico.
Discus convexus: Ambulacris profundis latissimis pinnatis inaequalibus; Pulvillis elevatis angustis compressis truncatis.
* * Compositae: Stella e plurimis composita.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 795, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206