cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Dark Energy in Minimally Modified Gravity
Creators: name: Ganz, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minimally modified gravity is a class of models with only the two tensor degrees of freedom as in general relativity. Using the framework with auxiliary constraints these models can maintain a dynamical cosmological background. The form of the constraints is thereby restricted by the requirement of dynamical dark energy and the avoidance of a breakdown of perturbation theory. Studying the linear perturbations around the FLRW background the results are, however, quite insensitive to the details of the constraints leading to a modified effective gravitational constant or a non-vanishing sound speed for dust.
description: 21 pages; accepted version
The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. XIII. Physical Properties and Mass Functions of Dense Molecular Cloud Structures
Creators: name: Ellsworth-Bowers, Timothy P.
name: Glenn, Jason
name: Riley, Allyssa
name: Rosolowsky, Erik
name: Ginsburg, Adam
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Bally, John
name: Battersby, Cara
name: Shirley, Yancy L.
name: Merello, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the distance probability density function (DPDF) formalism of Ellsworth-Bowers et al. (2013, 2015) to derive physical properties for the collection of 1,710 Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) version 2 sources with well-constrained distance estimates. To account for Malmquist bias, we estimate that the present sample of BGPS sources is 90% complete above 400 $M_\odot$ and 50% complete above 70 $M_\odot$. The mass distributions for the entire sample and astrophysically motivated subsets are generally fitted well by a lognormal function, with approximately power-law distributions at high mass. Power-law behavior emerges more clearly when the sample population is narrowed in heliocentric distance (power-law index $α= 2.0\pm0.1$ for sources nearer than 6.5 kpc and $α= 1.9\pm0.1$ for objects between 2 kpc and 10 kpc). The high-mass power-law indices are generally $1.85 \leq α\leq 2.05$ for various subsamples of sources, intermediate between that of giant molecular clouds and the stellar initial mass function. The fit to the entire sample yields a high-mass power-law $\hatα = 1.94_{-0.10}^{+0.34}$. Physical properties of BGPS sources are consistent with large molecular cloud clumps or small molecular clouds, but the fractal nature of the dense interstellar medium makes difficult the mapping of observational categories to the dominant physical processes driving the observed structure. The face-on map of the Galactic disk's mass surface density based on BGPS dense molecular cloud structures reveals the high-mass star-forming regions W43, W49, and W51 as prominent mass concentrations in the first quadrant. Furthermore, we present a 0.25-kpc resolution map of the dense gas mass fraction across the Galactic disk that peaks around 5%.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 32 pages, 21 figures
Large surface acoustic wave nonreciprocity in synthetic antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Hiroki
name: Kawada, Takuya
name: Ishibashi, Mio
name: Kawaguchi, Masashi
name: Hayashi, Masamitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the transmission of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in ferromagnetic/non-magnetic/ferromagnetic tryilayers. The SAW scattering matrix is studied for devices with various non-magnetic spacer thickness, which defines the strength of the interlayer exchange coupling. We find the SAW transmission amplitude depends on their propagation direction when the two ferromagnetic layers are coupled antiferromagnetically. The degree of such SAW nonreciprocity increases with increasing exchange coupling strength and reaches 37 dB/mm for a device with the thinnest spacer layer. These results show the potential of interlayer exchange coupled synthetic antiferromagnets for viable acoustic nonreciprocal transmission devices, such as circulators and isolators.
Second-Order Region for Gray-Wyner Network
Creators: name: Watanabe, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The coding problem over the Gray-Wyner network is studied from the second-order coding rates perspective. A tilted information density for this network is introduced in the spirit of Kostina-Verdú, and, under a certain regularity condition, the second-order region is characterized in terms of the variance of this tilted information density and the tangent vector of the first-order region. The second-order region is proved by the type method: the achievability part is proved by the type-covering argument, and the converse part is proved by a refinement of the perturbation approach that was used by Gu-Effros to show the strong converse of the Gray-Wyner network. This is the first instance that the second-order region is characterized for a multi-terminal problem where the characterization of the first-order region involves an auxiliary random variable.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures; some minor modifications in v2
Superstatistical wind fields from point-wise atmospheric turbulence measurements
Creators: name: Friedrich, Jan
name: Moreno, Daniela
name: Sinhuber, Michael
name: Waechter, Matthias
name: Peinke, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate models of turbulent wind fields have become increasingly important in the atmospheric sciences, e.g., for the determination of spatiotemporal correlations in wind parks, the estimation of individual loads on turbine rotor and blades, or for the modeling of particle-turbulence interaction in atmospheric clouds or pollutant distributions in urban settings. Due to the prohibitive task of resolving the fields across a broad range of scales, one oftentimes has to resort to stochastic wind field models that fulfill specific, empirically observed, properties. Here, we present a new model for the generation of synthetic wind fields that can be apprehended as an extension of the well-known Mann model for inflow turbulence in the wind energy sciences. Whereas such Gaussian random field models solely control second-order statistics (i.e., velocity correlation tensors or kinetic energy spectra), we explicitly show that our extended model emulates the effects of higher-order statistics as well. Most importantly, the empirically observed phenomenon of small-scale intermittency, which can be regarded as one of the key features of atmospheric turbulent flows, is reproduced with high accuracy and at considerably low computational cost. Our method is based on a recently developed multipoint statistical description of turbulent velocity fields [J. Friedrich et al., J. Phys. Complex. 2 045006 (2021)] and consists of a superposition of multivariate Gaussian statistics with fluctuating covariances. We demonstrate exemplarily how such "superstatistical" wind fields can be constrained on a certain number of point-wise measurement data from a meteorological mast array.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
MFSNet: A Multi Focus Segmentation Network for Skin Lesion Segmentation
Creators: name: Basak, Hritam
name: Kundu, Rohit
name: Sarkar, Ram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Segmentation is essential for medical image analysis to identify and localize diseases, monitor morphological changes, and extract discriminative features for further diagnosis. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer globally, and its early diagnosis is pivotal for the complete elimination of malignant tumors from the body. This research develops an Artificial Intelligence (AI) framework for supervised skin lesion segmentation employing the deep learning approach. The proposed framework, called MFSNet (Multi-Focus Segmentation Network), uses differently scaled feature maps for computing the final segmentation mask using raw input RGB images of skin lesions. In doing so, initially, the images are preprocessed to remove unwanted artifacts and noises. The MFSNet employs the Res2Net backbone, a recently proposed convolutional neural network (CNN), for obtaining deep features used in a Parallel Partial Decoder (PPD) module to get a global map of the segmentation mask. In different stages of the network, convolution features and multi-scale maps are used in two boundary attention (BA) modules and two reverse attention (RA) modules to generate the final segmentation output. MFSNet, when evaluated on three publicly available datasets: $PH^2$, ISIC 2017, and HAM10000, outperforms state-of-the-art methods, justifying the reliability of the framework. The relevant codes for the proposed approach are accessible at https://github.com/Rohit-Kundu/MFSNet
Nonequilibrium plasmon emission drives ultrafast carrier relaxation dynamics in photoexcited graphene
Creators: name: Hamm, J. M.
name: Page, A. F.
name: Bravo-Abad, J.
name: Garcia-Vidal, F. J.
name: Hess, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fast decay of carrier inversion in photoexcited graphene has been attributed to optical phonon emission and Auger recombination. Plasmon emission provides another pathway that, as we show here, drives the carrier relaxation dynamics on ultrafast timescales. In studying the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics we find that plasmon emission effectively converts inversion into hot carriers, whose energy is then extracted by optical phonon emission. This mechanism not only explains the observed fs-lifetime of inversion but also offers the prospect for atomically thin ultrafast plasmon emitters.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Mysterious Bārāḍī
Creators: name: RODRIGUES, TENSING CARLOS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Archaeology
subject: Geography
subject: Sociology

description: Returning to the deities venerated in Assolna, Ambelim and Velim, the most intriguing of all is the deity Bārāḍī, with a temple dedicated to it in Velim. Presently Bārāḍī is a place name in Velim. [Gomes Pereira, 1978 : Hindu Temples and Deities, p.110]
CMMD: Cross-Metric Multi-Dimensional Root Cause Analysis
Creators: name: Yan, Shifu
name: Shan, Caihua
name: Yang, Wenyi
name: Xu, Bixiong
name: Li, Dongsheng
name: Qiu, Lili
name: Tong, Jie
name: Zhang, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In large-scale online services, crucial metrics, a.k.a., key performance indicators (KPIs), are monitored periodically to check their running statuses. Generally, KPIs are aggregated along multiple dimensions and derived by complex calculations among fundamental metrics from the raw data. Once abnormal KPI values are observed, root cause analysis (RCA) can be applied to identify the reasons for anomalies, so that we can troubleshoot quickly. Recently, several automatic RCA techniques were proposed to localize the related dimensions (or a combination of dimensions) to explain the anomalies. However, their analyses are limited to the data on the abnormal metric and ignore the data of other metrics which may be also related to the anomalies, leading to imprecise or even incorrect root causes. To this end, we propose a cross-metric multi-dimensional root cause analysis method, named CMMD, which consists of two key components: 1) relationship modeling, which utilizes graph neural network (GNN) to model the unknown complex calculation among metrics and aggregation function among dimensions from historical data; 2) root cause localization, which adopts the genetic algorithm to efficiently and effectively dive into the raw data and localize the abnormal dimension(s) once the KPI anomalies are detected. Experiments on synthetic datasets, public datasets and online production environment demonstrate the superiority of our proposed CMMD method compared with baselines. Currently, CMMD is running as an online service in Microsoft Azure.
A Bayesian approach to estimating causal vaccine effects on binary post-infection outcomes
Creators: name: Zhou, Jincheng
name: Hudgens, Michael G.
name: Chu, Haitao
name: Halloran, M. Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: To estimate causal effects of vaccine on post-infection outcomes, Hudgens and Halloran (2006) defined a post-infection causal vaccine efficacy estimand VEI based on the principal stratification framework. They also derived closed forms for the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the causal estimand under some assumptions. Extending their research, we propose a Bayesian approach to estimating the causal vaccine effects on binary post-infection outcomes. The identifiability of the causal vaccine effect VEI is discussed under different assumptions on selection bias. The performance of the proposed Bayesian method is compared with the maximum likelihood method through simulation studies and two case studies — a clinical trial of a rotavirus vaccine candidate and a field study of pertussis vaccination. For both case studies, the Bayesian approach provided similar inference as the frequentist analysis. However, simulation studies with small sample sizes suggest that the Bayesian approach provides smaller bias and shorter confidence interval length.
Fermion Dipole Moment and Holography
Creators: name: Kulaxizi, Manuela
name: Rahman, Rakibur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the background of a charged AdS black hole, we consider a Dirac particle endowed with an arbitrary magnetic dipole moment. For non-zero charge and dipole coupling of the bulk fermion, we find that the dual boundary theory can be plagued with superluminal modes. Requiring consistency of the dual CFT amounts to constraining the strength of the dipole coupling by an upper bound. We briefly discuss the implications of our results for the physics of holographic non-Fermi liquids.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, revised version with WKB analysis added, accepted for publication to JHEP
Gradient dynamics in reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Fabbricatore, Riccardo
name: Palyulin, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the success achieved by the analysis of supervised learning algorithms in the framework of statistical mechanics, reinforcement learning has remained largely untouched. Here we move towards closing the gap by analyzing the dynamics of the policy gradient algorithm. For a convex problem, we show that it obeys a drift-diffusion motion with coeffcients tuned by learning rate. Furthermore, we propose a mapping between a non-convex reinforcement learning problem and a disordered system. This mapping enables us to show how the learning rate acts as an effective temperature and thus is capable of smoothing rough landscapes, corroborating what is displayed by the drift-diffusive description and paving the way for physics-inspired algorithmic optimization based on annealing procedures in disordered systems.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Physical Review E
Jaagichlorella geometrica Reisigl
Creators: name: Darienko, Tatyana
name: Pröschold, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Chlorophyta
Trebouxiophyceae
Oocystales
Oocystaceae
Jaagichlorella
Jaagichlorella geometrica

description: Jaagichlorella geometrica Reisigl (Fig. 6T –J‘)
 Emended description: Cells are solitary, spherical or slightly irregular. Young cells 3.6–4.2 μm in diameter, mature cells 6.0–8.0 μm. Chloroplast in young cells cup-shaped, in mature cells band-shaped removed from the cell wall, with a single pyrenoid surrounded by several starch grains. Reproduction by unequal sized autospores. Autosporangia between 6.0–10.0 μm in diameter, usually contain 4 autospores.SSU and ITS rDNA sequences (GenBank: MH780944) and ITS-2 Barcode BC- 6 in Fig. 3.
 Lectotype (designated here): Fig. 25 in Reisigl (1964).
 Epitype (designated here to support the lectotype): The strain SAG 2549 is cryopreserved in a metabolic inactive state at the Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, Germany.
description: Published as part of Darienko, Tatyana & Pröschold, Thomas, 2019, The genus Jaagichlorella Reisigl (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) and its close relatives: an evolutionary puzzle, pp. 47-68 in Phytotaxa 388 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13725500
Ground state selection in XY pyrochlore antiferromagnets R$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$O$_{7}$ (R = Er, Yb)
Creators: name: Dun, Z. L.
name: Li, X.
name: Freitas, R. S.
name: Arrighi, E.
name: Cruz, C. R. Dela
name: Lee, M.
name: Choi, E. S.
name: Cao, H. B.
name: Silverstein, H. J.
name: Wiebe, C. R.
name: Cheng, J. G.
name: Zhou, H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic neutron scattering, ac susceptibility, and specific heat experiments on the pyrochlores Er$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$O$_{7}$ and Yb$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$O$_{7}$ show that both systems are antiferromagnetically ordered in the $Γ_5$ manifold. The ground state is a $ψ_{3}$ phase for the Er sample and a $ψ_{2}$ or $ψ_{3}$ phase for the Yb sample, which suggests "Order by Disorder"(ObD) physics. Furthermore, we unify the various magnetic ground states of all known R$_{2}$B$_{2}$O$_{7}$ (R = Er, Yb, B = Sn, Ti, Ge) compounds through the enlarged XY type exchange interaction $J_{\pm}$ under chemical pressure. The mechanism for this evolution is discussed in terms of the phase diagram proposed in the theoretical study [Wong et al., Phys. Rev. B 88, 144402, (2013)].
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, with supplemental material
Developing points-based risk-scoring systems in the presence of competing risks.
Creators: name: Lee, Douglas S.
name: Austin, Peter C.
name: D'Agostino, Ralph B.
name: Fine, Jason P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Predicting the occurrence of an adverse event over time is an important issue in clinical medicine. Clinical prediction models and associated points-based risk-scoring systems are popular statistical methods for summarizing the relationship between a multivariable set of patient risk factors and the risk of the occurrence of an adverse event. Points-based risk-scoring systems are popular amongst physicians as they permit a rapid assessment of patient risk without the use of computers or other electronic devices. The use of such points-based risk-scoring systems facilitates evidence-based clinical decision making. There is a growing interest in cause-specific mortality and in non-fatal outcomes. However, when considering these types of outcomes, one must account for competing risks whose occurrence precludes the occurrence of the event of interest. We describe how points-based risk-scoring systems can be developed in the presence of competing events. We illustrate the application of these methods by developing risk-scoring systems for predicting cardiovascular mortality in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. Code in the R statistical programming language is provided for the implementation of the described methods. © 2016 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Are binary black hole mergers and long gamma-ray bursts drawn from the same black hole population?
Creators: name: Arcier, Benjamin
name: Atteia, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper compares the population of BBH mergers detected by LIGO/Virgo with selected long GRB world models convolved with a delay function (LGRBs are used as a tracer of stellar mass BH formation). The comparison involves the redshift distribution and the fraction of LGRBs required to produce the local rate of BBH mergers. We find that BBH mergers and LGRBs cannot have the same formation history, unless BBHs mergers have a long coalescence time of several Gyr. This would imply that BHs born during the peak of long GRB formation at redshift z~2-3 merge within the horizon of current GW interferometers. We also show that LGRBs are more numerous than BBH mergers, so that most of them do not end their lives in BBH mergers. We interpret these results as an indication that BBH mergers and LGRBs constitute two distinct populations of stellar mass BHs, with LGRBs being more frequent than BBH mergers. We speculate that the descendants of LGRBs may resemble galactic High-Mass X-Ray Binaries more than BBH mergers. We finally discuss the possible existence of a sub-population of fast-spinning LGRBs descendants among BBH mergers, showing that this population, if it exists, is expected to become dominant beyond redshift z ~ 1, leading to a change in the observed properties of BBH mergers.
description: 21 pages, 7 Figures, 2 Tables
IC 3599 did it again: A second outburst of the X-ray transient Seyfert 1.9 Galaxy
Creators: name: Grupe, Dirk
name: Komossa, S.
name: Saxton, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the Swift discovery of a second high-amplitude (factor 100) outburst of the Seyfert 1.9 galaxy IC 3599, and discuss implications for outburst scenarios. Swift detected this active galactic nucleus (AGN) again in February 2010 in X-rays at a level of (1.50\plm0.11)$\times 10^{36}$ W (0.2-2.0 keV), which is nearly as luminous as the first outburst detected with ROSAT in 1990. Optical data from the Catalina sky survey show that the optical emission was already bright two years before the Swift X-ray high-state. Our new Swift observations performed between 2013 and 2015 show that IC 3599 is currently again in a very low X-ray flux state. This repeat optical and X-ray outburst, and the long optical duration, suggest that IC 3599 is likely not a tidal disruption event (TDE). Instead, variants of AGN-related variability are explored. The data are consistent with an accretion disk instability around a black hole of mass on the order 10$^6$--10$^7$ M$_{\odot}$; a value estimated using several different methods.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter, 6 pages, 1 table, 3 figures
Impacts of Riding Comfort on the Attitudes of Riders, Drivers, and Pedestrians Toward Autonomous Shuttles
Creators: name: Long, Keke
name: Shi, Xiaowei
name: Chen, Zhiwei
name: Wang, Yuan
name: Li, Xiaopeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated vehicle (AV) shuttles are emerging mobility technologies that have been widely piloted and deployed. Public attitude is critical to the deployment progress and the overall social benefits of automated vehicle (AV) technologies. The AV shuttle demonstration was regarded as a good way for possible attitude improvements. However, not all existing AV shuttle technologies are mature and reliable enough. Some frustrating uncomfort issues in AV shuttle demonstrations may adversely affect public attitudes of AV technologies. Studying the impact of the comfort of the demonstration on attitudinal change can help us provide guidance for future demonstrations. Thanks to the AV shuttle project piloted at Dunedin, Florida, this paper interviewed 161 people before and after taking an open road AV shuttle ride. In addition to the participant's demographic information, driving-related information and psychological-related information, we collected the AV shuttles' operation status (e.g., abrupt brake). A series of discrete outcome models were employed to estimate the factors influencing people's initial opinions before the AV shuttle ride and people's attitudes change after the ride. The most important finding is that an unsatisfactory riding experience could negatively affect participants' attitudes toward AV shuttles. Particularly, the number of abrupt brakes raises more concerns when the participants are drivers who share the rights of way with the AV shuttle compared to when the participants are pedestrians or AV shuttle riders. Moreover, the participants' attitudes toward sharing public space with AV shuttles as pedestrians and human drivers exhibited more negative changes compared with simply riding on AV shuttles. These results improve our understanding of public attitudes toward the existing AV technologies and help identify new opportunities to improve AV technology adoption.
Preparation scratch adhesion and anti corrosion performanceof TiO2 MgO BHA coating on Ti6Al4V implant by plasma electrolytic oxidation technique.pdf
Creators: name: Adeleke, sakiru
name: Sopyan, Iis
name: Muhammad kusumawan Herliansyah, AbdRazak Bushroa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: 91205 Functional Materials

description: Bovine bone (from cortical bone) was firstly employed as eletrolyte solution for PEO coating.
Jet effusion from a metal droplet irradiated by a polarized ultrashort laser pulse
Creators: name: Grigoryev, S. Yu.
name: Lakatosh, B. V.
name: Solyankin, P. M.
name: Krivokorytov, M. S.
name: Zhakhovsky, V. V.
name: Dyachkov, S. A.
name: Ohl, C. -D.
name: Shkurinov, A. P.
name: Medvedev, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: Fragmentation of liquid metal droplets irradiated by linearly and circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses is observed in our experiment. The obtained shadowgraph snapshots demonstrate that a circularly polarized pulse may produce several randomly-oriented jets effused from the expanding droplets, while a linearly polarized laser pulse generates strictly the cruciform jets. The latter orientation is tied with polarization plane, rotation of which causes rotation of the cruciform jets by the same angle. To shed light on the experimental data we performed molecular dynamics simulation of droplet expansion induced by angle-dependent heating. Our simulation shows that the jet directions are determined by an oriented angle-dependent energy distribution within a frontal hemisphere layer of droplet after absorption of linearly polarized light. As a result, the produced flow velocity field guided by surface tension forms two high-speed opposite jets oriented across the electric field vector as in our experiment. A shock-wave pulse generated in the frontal layer has angle-dependent amplitude inherited from the oriented energy deposition. The release part of shock pulse produces a cavitation zone nearby the droplet center, and thus an expanding spherical shell is formed from the droplet. The flow velocities within a rearside hemisphere of the shell, produced after reflection of the shock wave from the rear side of droplet, generate two low-speed opposite jets oriented along the electric field vector. Thus we found that the cruciform jets are originated independently from the frontal and rear sides of droplet, and a pair of frontal jets is faster than a pair of rearside jets.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Standard Model as a Double Field Theory
Creators: name: Choi, Kang-Sin
name: Park, Jeong-Hyuck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, without any extra physical degree introduced, the Standard Model can be readily reformulated as a Double Field Theory. Consequently, the Standard Model can couple to an arbitrary stringy gravitational background in an $\mathbf{O}(4,4)$ T-duality covariant manner and manifest two independent local Lorentz symmetries, $\mathbf{Spin}(1,3)\times\mathbf{Spin}(3,1)$. While the diagonal gauge fixing of the twofold spin groups leads to the conventional formulation on the flat Minkowskian background, the enhanced symmetry makes the Standard Model more rigid, and also stringy, than it appeared. The CP violating $θ$-term may no longer be allowed by the symmetry, and hence the strong CP problem is solved. There are now stronger constraints imposed on the possible higher order corrections. We speculate that the quarks and the leptons may possibly belong to the two different spin classes.
description: 5 pages; v2) minor changes including the title, refs added. To appear in PRL
Long-term Spatio-temporal Forecasting via Dynamic Multiple-Graph Attention
Creators: name: Shao, Wei
name: Jin, Zhiling
name: Wang, Shuo
name: Kang, Yufan
name: Xiao, Xiao
name: Menouar, Hamid
name: Zhang, Zhaofeng
name: Zhang, Junshan
name: Salim, Flora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many real-world ubiquitous applications, such as parking recommendations and air pollution monitoring, benefit significantly from accurate long-term spatio-temporal forecasting (LSTF). LSTF makes use of long-term dependency between spatial and temporal domains, contextual information, and inherent pattern in the data. Recent studies have revealed the potential of multi-graph neural networks (MGNNs) to improve prediction performance. However, existing MGNN methods cannot be directly applied to LSTF due to several issues: the low level of generality, insufficient use of contextual information, and the imbalanced graph fusion approach. To address these issues, we construct new graph models to represent the contextual information of each node and the long-term spatio-temporal data dependency structure. To fuse the information across multiple graphs, we propose a new dynamic multi-graph fusion module to characterize the correlations of nodes within a graph and the nodes across graphs via the spatial attention and graph attention mechanisms. Furthermore, we introduce a trainable weight tensor to indicate the importance of each node in different graphs. Extensive experiments on two large-scale datasets demonstrate that our proposed approaches significantly improve the performance of existing graph neural network models in LSTF prediction tasks.
description: Accepted by the 31st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 25th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-ECAI 2022)
RF-ICE: large-scale gigahertz readout of frequency-multiplexed microwave kinetic inductance detectors
Creators: name: Rouble, M.
name: Smecher, G.
name: Anderson, A.
name: Barry, P. S.
name: Dibert, K.
name: Dobbs, M.
name: Karkare, K. S.
name: Montgomery, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present RF-ICE, a novel readout platform for microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs), optimized for use on millimeter-wavelength telescopes. The RF-ICE system extends ICE, a versatile, mature signal processing platform currently in use on telescopes around the world, into a new operational domain with MKIDs biased with gigahertz carriers. The system couples the FPGA-based ICE motherboard with a radio-frequency digitization daughterboard to enable direct digital synthesis from 0 to 6 GHz without the need for external mixing. The system operates two independent readout modules, each with 1024 frequency-multiplexed readout channels spaced across 500 MHz of carrier bandwidth. The system, which is under active development, is in operation with prototype detector wafers and will be deployed for the upcoming SPT-SLIM and SPT-3G+ experiments.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, appearing in the proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022
Period tripling due to Josephson parametric down-conversion beyond the rotating-wave approximation
Creators: name: Arndt, Lisa
name: Hassler, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parametrically driven oscillators can display period-tripling in response to a drive at thrice the resonance frequency. In contrast to the parametric instability for period doubling, the symmetric fixed-point corresponding to the state of rest remains stable at arbitrary strong driving for the tripling transition. Previously, it has been shown that fluctuations can circumvent this and induce a period-tripling instability. In this article, we explore an alternative way of inducing a period-tripling transition by investigating properties of period-tripling due to parametric down-conversion beyond the rotating-wave approximation. We show that despite the absence of an instability threshold, off-resonant frequency contributions can induce a period-tripling transition by activating the parametric down-conversion. Moreover, we study the subsequent period-tripled states of the Josephson potential and discuss the asymmetry between the clockwise and counter-clockwise rotating fixed-points that only arises beyond the rotating-wave approximation.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Physical models of relevant processes
Creators: name: Nikkhoo, Mehdi
name: Rivalta, Eleonora
name: Carbone, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: physical models
volcanic processes
gravity changes

description: This is deliverable 4.3 – Physical models of relevant processes – of the H2020 FET-Open project NEWTON-g (GA No 801221). The work described here was carried out in the framework of WP4 (Data analysis). D4.3 is focused on process-based physical models for retrieving the expected amplitude, space pattern and, to some extent, time evolution of gravity changes associated to the most common volcanic processes. We include magma transport by dike propagation, mass input into/output from reservoirs and magma flow in conduits. We extend available solutions to more general source shapes and include magma compressibility. We quantify both the direct gravity changes, caused by mass redistribution, and the gravity changes due to deformation.
Improving the efficiency of estimation in the additive hazards model for stratified case-cohort design with multiple diseases
Creators: name: Couper, David
name: Kim, Soyoung
name: Cai, Jianwen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The case-cohort study design has often been used in studies of a rare disease or for a common disease with some biospecimens needing to be preserved for future studies. A case-cohort study design consists of a random sample, called the subcohort, and all or a portion of the subjects with the disease of interest. One advantage of the case-cohort design is that the same subcohort can be used for studying multiple diseases. Stratified random sampling is often used for the subcohort. Additive hazards models are often preferred in studies where the risk difference, instead of relative risk, is of main interest. Existing methods do not use the available covariate information fully. We propose a more efficient estimator by making full use of available covariate information for the additive hazards model with data from a stratified case-cohort design with rare (the traditional situation) and non-rare (the generalized situation) diseases. We propose an estimating equation approach with a new weight function. The proposed estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. Simulation studies show that the proposed method using all available information leads to efficiency gain and stratification of the subcohort improves efficiency when the strata are highly correlated with the covariates. Our proposed method is applied to data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Jaagichlorella sphaerica Darienko & Proschold 2019, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Darienko, Tatyana
name: Pröschold, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Chlorophyta
Trebouxiophyceae
Oocystales
Oocystaceae
Jaagichlorella
Jaagichlorella sphaerica

description: Jaagichlorella sphaerica (Tschermak-Woess) Darienko & Pröschold comb. nov. (Fig. 7A–J)
 Basionym: Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess, 1988, Plant Syst. Evol. 159: 136.
 Emended description: SSU and ITS rDNA sequences (GenBank: MH780945) and ITS-2 Barcode BC- 5 in Fig. 3.
 Comment: The morphological features of the authentic strain have been described by Darienko & Pröschold (2018). This species is characterized by its ecology (photobiont of the lichen Pseudocyphellaria carpoloma), origin (New Zealand) and CBCs/HCBCs in the conserved region of the ITS-2 sequences.
description: Published as part of Darienko, Tatyana & Pröschold, Thomas, 2019, The genus Jaagichlorella Reisigl (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) and its close relatives: an evolutionary puzzle, pp. 47-68 in Phytotaxa 388 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13725500
Marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial regression with application to dental caries
Creators: name: Das, Kalyan
name: Preisser, John S.
name: Long, D. Leann
name: Divaris, Kimon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The zero-inflated negative binomial regression model (ZINB) is often employed in diverse fields such as dentistry, health care utilization, highway safety, and medicine to examine relationships between exposures of interest and overdispersed count outcomes exhibiting many zeros. The regression coefficients of ZINB have latent class interpretations for a susceptible subpopulation at risk for the disease/condition under study with counts generated from a negative binomial distribution and for a non-susceptible subpopulation that provides only zero counts. The ZINB parameters, however, are not well-suited for estimating overall exposure effects, specifically, in quantifying the effect of an explanatory variable in the overall mixture population. In this paper, a marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial regression (MZINB) model for independent responses is proposed to model the population marginal mean count directly, providing straightforward inference for overall exposure effects based on maximum likelihood estimation. Through simulation studies, the finite sample performance of MZINB is compared to marginalized zero-inflated Poisson, Poisson, and negative binomial regression. The MZINB model is applied in the evaluation of a school-based fluoride mouthrinse program on dental caries in 677 children.
Deep Video Inpainting Guided by Audio-Visual Self-Supervision
Creators: name: Kim, Kyuyeon
name: Jung, Junsik
name: Kim, Woo Jae
name: Yoon, Sung-Eui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Humans can easily imagine a scene from auditory information based on their prior knowledge of audio-visual events. In this paper, we mimic this innate human ability in deep learning models to improve the quality of video inpainting. To implement the prior knowledge, we first train the audio-visual network, which learns the correspondence between auditory and visual information. Then, the audio-visual network is employed as a guider that conveys the prior knowledge of audio-visual correspondence to the video inpainting network. This prior knowledge is transferred through our proposed two novel losses: audio-visual attention loss and audio-visual pseudo-class consistency loss. These two losses further improve the performance of the video inpainting by encouraging the inpainting result to have a high correspondence to its synchronized audio. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can restore a wider domain of video scenes and is particularly effective when the sounding object in the scene is partially blinded.
description: Accepted at ICASSP 2022
Essays on International Migration and Development
Creators: name: Cinque, Andrea
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Emerging Countries
subject: International Migration
subject: Development
subject: Schwellenländer
subject: Internationale Migration
subject: Entwicklung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft

description: This thesis sheds light on the effects of reducing or escalating international policy barriers on emerging economies, and how these relate to international migration. In the first chapter, I analyze the effect of a protective FDI policy on international migration outflows from Indonesia. I find a substitution effect from FDI to international migration, but also an increase in skilled migrants. In the second chapter, I investigate the effect of a migration ban on the capacity of communities to absorb income shocks from natural disasters. In this case, I also find negative effects on communities in terms of an increase in poverty. Differently from the previous two chapters, the third chapter focuses on a context where barriers to international migration have been suddenly eliminated: I exploit the fall of the Communist regime in Albania in the 1990s at the subsequent mass emigration of Albanians to identify the causal effect of migration on female labour force participation. I find that migration has positive effects on female employment, but this effect is only prevalent among women that reside in areas with high access to preschools. I dig more in-depth into this gender issue by analyzing the effect of fertility on female employment in Albania in Chapter 4. I show that increasing the number of children decreases women's labour supply.
Binding potential and wetting behaviour of binary liquid mixtures on surfaces
Creators: name: Areshi, Mounirah
name: Tseluiko, Dmitri
name: Thiele, Uwe
name: Goddard, Benjamin D.
name: Archer, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory for the interfacial wetting phase behaviour of binary liquid mixtures on rigid solid substrates, applicable to both miscible and immiscible mixtures. In particular, we calculate the binding potential as a function of the adsorptions, i.e. the excess amounts of each of the two liquids at the substrate. The binding potential fully describes the corresponding interfacial thermodynamics. Our approach is based on classical density functional theory. Binary liquid mixtures can exhibit complex bulk phase behaviour, including both liquid-liquid and vapour-liquid phase separation, depending on the nature of the interactions between all the particles of the two different liquids, the temperature and the chemical potentials. Here we show that the interplay between the bulk phase behaviour of the mixture and the properties of the interactions with the substrate gives rise to a wide variety of interfacial phase behaviours, including mixing and demixing situations. We find situations where the final state is a coexistence of up to three different phases. We determine how the liquid density profiles close to the substrate change as the interaction parameters are varied and how these determine the form of the binding potential, which in certain cases can be a multi-valued function of the adsorptions. We also present profiles for sessile droplets of both miscible and immiscible binary liquids.
description: 22 pages, 23 figures
Data mining tools
Creators: name: Cannavò, Flavio
name: Mathjis Koymans
name: Carbone, Daniele
name: Rivalta, Eleonora
name: Nikkhoo, Mehdi
name: De Zeeuw-Van Dalfsen, Elske
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: data mining tools
gravity time series
MEMS gravimeter
quantum gravimeter

description: This is deliverable 4.2 – Data mining tools – of the H2020 FET-Open project NEWTON-g (GA No 801221). The work described here was carried out in the framework of WP4 (Data analysis). D4.2 presents the “data mining” software tools that have been developed to automatically detect meaningful anomalies in the dataset produced by the NEWTON-g's gravity imager.
Crossing numbers and rotation numbers of cycles in a plane immersed graph
Creators: name: Inoue, Ayumu
name: Kimura, Naoki
name: Nikkuni, Ryo
name: Taniyama, Kouki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 05C10, Secondly 57K10

description: For any generic immersion of a Petersen graph into a plane, the number of crossing points between two edges of distance one is odd. The sum of the crossing numbers of all $5$-cycles is odd. The sum of the rotation numbers of all $5$-cycles is even. We show analogous results for $6$-cycles, $8$-cycles and $9$-cycles. For any Legendrian spatial embedding of a Petersen graph, there exists a $5$-cycle that is not an unknot with maximal Thurston-Bennequin number, and the sum of all Thurston-Bennequin numbers of the cycles is $7$ times the sum of all Thurston-Bennequin numbers of the $5$-cycles. We show analogous results for a Heawood graph. We also show some other results for some graphs. We characterize abstract graphs that has a generic immersion into a plane whose all cycles have rotation number $0$.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Relating BIP and Reo
Creators: name: Dokter, Kasper
name: Jongmans, Sung-Shik
name: Arbab, Farhad
name: Bliudze, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.1

description: Coordination languages simplify design and development of concurrent systems. Particularly, exogenous coordination languages, like BIP and Reo, enable system designers to express the interactions among components in a system explicitly. In this paper we establish a formal relation between BI(P) (i.e., BIP without the priority layer) and Reo, by defining transformations between their semantic models. We show that these transformations preserve all properties expressible in a common semantics. This formal relation comprises the basis for a solid comparison and consolidation of the fundamental coordination concepts behind these two languages. Moreover, this basis offers translations that enable users of either language to benefit from the toolchains of the other.
description: In Proceedings ICE 2015, arXiv:1508.04595