Plesianthidium (Carinanthidium) cariniventre Friese
Creators: name: Eardley, Connal
name: Griswold, Terry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Plesianthidium
Plesianthidium cariniventre

description: Plesianthidium (Carinanthidium) cariniventre (Friese)
(Figs 1–3)
Megachile (Chalicodoma) cariniventris Friese, 1904: 334 (holotype—‘♀von Shilouvane im Januar (Junod). N.—Transvaal’ (type depository unknown) South Africa).
Anthidium cariniventre: Friese 1913a: 594 –595.
Plesianthidium cariniventre: Mavromoustakis 1936: 43 –44.
Carinanthidium cariniventre: Pasteels 1969: 42 –122.
Plesianthidium (Carinanthidium) cariniventre: Gess & Gess 2003: 191 –504.
Discussion. This species was described from Shilouvane, Mpumalanga, South Africa, and later recorded from Rikatla, Mozambique (Friese 1913b). Both these localities are on the eastern side of southern Africa, which has summer rainfall and savannah vegetation. This species is otherwise only known from the winter rainfall areas near the west coast of South Africa. Further, it was described from a female holotype and most of Friese’s material was deposited in the ZMHU. The specimen labelled as the type in this Museum is a male from Cape Town and is clearly not a type. It is here assumed that the type locality was incorrectly recorded and that this species comes from the western region of South Africa. The original description although brief includes mention of a keel on S6, a feature unique within Plesianthidium. The genitalia were not dissected from the ZMHU male specimen.
Diagnosis. The female’s completely black integument and vestiture (Figs 1 a, c), and unique keeled S6 are diagnostic. The male spinose hind trochanters are unique in Plesianthidium. Additionally, the mostly black pubescence will separate males from all but P. richtersveldense and the structures of T7 (Figs 2 a, b) and S6–S8 (Figs 2 c–e) are diagnostic.
Plesianthidium cariniventre resembles P. richtersveldense in being mostly black. However, the female S6 and male hind trochanter and general form of S8 are unique to P. cariniventre. The keel on S6 of the female, as found in P. cariniventre, is exceedingly rare in Megachilidae; to our knowledge the only other occurrence is in the Nearctic osmiine Hoplitis hypocrita (Cockerell).
Description. Female. Lengths: face 3.3–3.7 mm; scutum 3.0– 3.6 mm; forewing 9.7–11.5 mm; body 10.0– 12.3 mm. Integument entirely black (Figs 1 a, c). Vestiture entirely black (Figs 1 a, c); metasomal terga without distal fasciae; scopa black. Preoccipital ridge rounded; distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital ridge twice ocellar diameter; supraclypeus distinctly convex; clypeus distinctly convex, not modified ventrally, ventral edge straight, densely punctate; mandible with four teeth; maxillary palpus 3-segmented; scutum densely punctate; tegula densely punctate; propodeum glabrous medioventrally; T2–T3 without fasciae; T6 sparsely punctate distally, distinctly expanded laterally; S6 with distinct mediolongitudinal carina.
Male. Lengths: face 2.9–3.5 mm; scutum 2.8–3.7 mm; forewing 9.4–12.5 mm; body 11.4–16.0 mm. Integument entirely black (Figs 1 a, c). Vestiture black, except intermixed to largely white on face, mesosomal dorsum and pleuron (Figs 1 b, d); metasomal terga without distal fasciae. Preoccipital ridge rounded; distance between lateral ocelli and preoccipital ridge twice ocellar diameter; supraclypeus distinctly convex; clypeus distinctly convex, densely punctate; mandible with three distinct teeth; maxillary palpus 3-segmented; scutum very densely punctate; tegula densely punctate; propodeum glabrous medioventrally; hind trochanter with ventral spine; terga without fasciae; T6 swollen mediolongitudinally, with a lateral spine, distal margin punctate, without distal flange; T7 posterior edge tridentate, large lateral teeth and very small median tooth (Figs 2 a,b), lateral spines rounded, median spine obtusely pointed; S4 with narrow black apicomedian comb; S5 broadly emarginate posteromedially; S6 broadly concave posteromedially (Fig. 2 c); S7 deeply and narrowly emarginate posteromedially (Fig. 2 d); S8 with large disc and narrow posteromedial spine (Fig. 2 e); gonostylus curved outwards distally (Fig. 2 f).
Distribution (Fig. 3). This species appears to be widely distributed in Namaqualand, however, it has also been collected in the southern Cape Province, both in South Africa.
Associated plants. Albuca sp., Aspalathus spinescens, Ballota africana, Hermannia disermifolia, Lebeckia sericea, Polygala virgata, Pteronia sp., Zygophyllum meyeri, Zygophyllum sp. and pea.
Material examined. South Africa. O’okiep, 1953. ix.1, du Toit, (1♀ SAMC 004387); Nababiep, 29.36S 1748E, 1989. x.12–13, F. W. Gess (1♀ AMGC 2619); Nababiep, 1962. viii.30.–ix.2, Vari Goode (1♀ TMSA 04270); Springbok, 1979. ix.20–24, Potgieter Snyman (2♀ 2♂ TMSA); Kliphoogte, 29.0656S 17.4019E, 2011. ix.14, L. Packer (1♂ PC 15277 H9); Goegap Nature Reserve, 1985.vii–viii, 1986. ix.2, M. Struck (5♀ 4♂ SANC 19228, 19247, SAMC 0 0 4378, 004379); Goegap Nature Reserve, 29.38S 17.59E, 1987. x.15–21, 1989. x.10–11, F. W. Gess (3♀ AMGC 2616, 2617, 2618); Goegap Nature Reserve. (hills), 29.38S 17.59E, 1992. ix.8–10, F. W. Gess (5♂ AMGC 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627); Goegap Nature Res. (plains), 29.38S 17.59E, 1992. ix.7, 1992. ix.8–10, F. W. Gess (2♀ 1♂ AMGC 2635, 2636, 2637); Garies, 10 km E, 3018CA, 1983. ix.6, B. Stuckenberg J. Londt (1♀ SANC 06303); Studer’s Pass, near Garies, 30.26S 17.03E, 2007. ix.16–17, C. Eardley (1♀ SANC 19234); Bowesdorp, 1931. xi.1, 1941. ix.1 (49♀ 3♂ SAMC 0 0 4384, 004385); Kamieskroon, 1930. ix.1 (25♀ 8♂ SAMC 004377); Dassiefontein farm, 14 km E Kamieskroon, 30.09S 17.59E, 2001. ix.6–17, C. Eardley (1♀ SANC 19230); Kamiesberg, 30.10S 18.01E, 1987. ix.11, C. Eardley (2♀ 4♂ SANC 06501); Kamiesberg Pass, 4 km ENE Kamieskroon, 30.11S 17.59E, 1992. ix.12, F. W. Gess (3♀ 4♂ AMGC 2628, 2629, 2630, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634); Kamiesberg Pass, 30.1881S 17.9917E, 2011. ix.26, L. Packer (2♀PC 15281 E10, E11); Vanrhynsdorp, near Waterfall, 31.47.30S 18.45.58E, 2005. x.15, C. Eardley (1♂ SANC 19239); Vanrhyns Pass, 1933. xi.4–5, G. van Son (2♀ 4♂ TMSA 04269); Pakhuis Pass, 32.08S 19.02E, 1987. ix.7, C. Eardley (1♀ SANC 06507); Wuppertal, 32.17S 19.13E, 1987. ix.8, C. Eardley (1♂ SANC 19237); Niewoudt’s Pass, near Algeria, 32.20S 10.01E, 1987. ix.4, C. Eardley (1♀ 1♂ SANC 06503); Nieuwoudtville, 7 km W, 31.3766S 19.0193E, 2002. x.9–11, F.D. Parker M.E. Irwin (1♀ 1♂ BLCU- 724867, 724882); Nieuwoudtville Falls, 5 km N Nieuwoudtville, 31.19S 19.07E, 1989. x.2, F. W. Gess (1♀ 2♂ AMGC 2613, 2614, 2615); Avontuur farm, 12 km NW Nieuwoudtville, 31.16.18S 19.02.55 E, 2009. ix.3, M. Kuhlmann (1♂ KC); Grootfontein, 20km SE Nieuwoudtville, 31.28.57S 19.13.58E, 2009. ix.11, M. Kuhlmann K. Timmermann (1♂ KC); Nieuwoudtville Flower Reserve, 31.22.18S 19.08.58 E, 2002. viii.31, 2006. viii.27, 2006. ix.10, M. Kuhlmann K. Timmermann (1♂ KC); Nieuwoudtville, 31.22.34S 19.06.45 E, 2008. ix. 13, M. Kuhlmann (1♂ KC); Grootdrif, 5 km N, 31.26.40S 18.56.23E, 2007. ix.21, K. Timmermann (1f#♂ KC); Engelspunt, near, 31.14.08S 18.58.23E, 2003. ix.13, K. Timmermann (1♀KC); Papkuilsfontein farm, 20km S Nieuwoudtville, 31.33.16S 19.08.31 E, 2007. ix.7, M. Kuhlmann (1♀KC); Biedouw Valley, 32.1402S 19.2668E, 1983. x.4, V. B. Whitehead (1♂ SAMC, BLCU 724864); Biedouw Valley, 32.08S 19.14E, 1990. ix.27, C. Eardley (1♀ SANC 06302); Giftberg, van Rhyansdorp, 1911. ix.1 (1♀ SAMC 004395); Pakhuis Pass, 1942. ix.1, 1961. ix.1, M. Macpherson (3♀ 1♂ SAMC 0 0 4381, 004382); Calvinia, W, 12.x.1999, M. Halada (1♂ SC); Clanwilliam, 1928.ix, H. Brauns (1♀ TMSA); Olievenboschkraal, Clanwilliam, 32.1802S 18.8877E, 1977. x.29, V. B. Whitehead (2♂ SAMC, BLCU 724865); Clanwilliam Dam, 32.11S 18.53E, 1988. x.3–7, F. W. Gess D. W. Gess (1♀ 3♂ AMGC 2605, 2606, 2607); Clanwilliam Dam, Caleta Cove, E bank, 32.14S 18.55E, 1996. ix.23, F. W. Gess (1♂ AMGC 2644); Clanwilliam Dam, E bank, 20 km S Caravan Park, 32.17S 18.56E, 1977. x.3, F. W. Gess (1♀ AMGC 2645); Ramskop campsite, Clanwilliam, 1984. vii.22, V. Whitehead M. Macpherson (1♀ SAMC 004380); Klein Alexandershoek, Clanwilliam District, 32.20S 18.46E, 1987. x.8–13, F. W. Gess (1♀ AMGC 2609); Clanwilliam, 5 km W, Graafwater road, 32.10S 18.50E, 1987. x.12, F. W. Gess (1♀ AMGC 2610); Clanwilliam, E, 32.4349S 19.1759E, 10.x.1999, M. Halada (1♂ SC); Clanwilliam, 19 km S old Citrusdal road, 32.17S 18.57E, 1991. x.2, 1991. x.6, D. W. Gess (2♀ AMGC 2611, 2612); Nardouw, Clanwilliam, 1941. ix.1 (2♀ 1♂ SAMC 004383); Paleisheuwel, 1948. xi.1 (1♀ SAMC 004386); Witelskloof, Clanwilliam District, 32.20S 18.48E, 1990. x.1–2, F. W. Gess (1♂ AMGC 2620); Ysterfontein, 11 km W Clanwilliam, 32.10S 18.47E, 1990. x.2–8, F. W. Gess (2♂ AMGC 2622, 2621); Voelklip, 29.45S 17.22E, 1994. x.2–7, F.W. Gess (2♀ AMGC 2638, 2639); Sors Sors, 30.08S 18.01E, 1995. ix.30, F. W. Gess (1♀ 3♂ AMGC 2640, 2641, 2642, 2643); near Die Berg, 32.12.35S 18.44.51E, 2005. ix.20, C. Eardley (1♀12280); Nourivier W, 30.14.55S 18.03.01 E, 2011. ix.26, C. Eardley (1♀ SANC 19235); Hoek se Berg, 32.1152S 19.11.04 E, 2011. ix.23, C. Eardley (2♀ 3♂ SANC 19236); Hoek se Berg, 32.1159S 19.1734E, 2008. x.20, T. L. Griswold, on Zygophyllum sp. (2♂ BLCU 752074, 752075); Hoek se Berg, 32.1478S 19.1844E, 2011. ix.23, L. Packer (1♂ PC 15279 B3); Studer's Pass (km 23), 30.4288S 18.0592E, 2007. ix.17, T.L. Griswold (1♂ BLCU 722108); Leipoldtville, Eland's Bay, 32.2682S 18.4195E (1♂ BLCU 724863); Sevilla, Traveller's Rest, 2007. ix.17–21, Stanway (2♂ SAMC 0 10366, 010367); Cape Town (incorrectly labelled as male holotype of Anthidium cariniventre Friese: ‘ Capstadt Capland, Anthidium cariniventre 1911 Friese ♂, Type’) (1♂ MHUB); Albert District, between Burghersdorp and Nooitgedacht, 1935. x.1 (1♀ SAMC 004388); Paarl, 1888. x.1, Lightfoot (1♂ SAMC 004393); Sevenweekspoort, 1959. ix.19 (1♂ SAMC 004394); Groenekloof, 30.22S 18.07E, 1997. x.12, F. W. Gess (1♀ AMGC 2646); Calitzdorp, 5 km E, 33.5377S 21.7384E, 1970. x.17, V.B. Whitehead H.V. Daly (1♀ BLCU 724868); Willowmore, 1919.xi–x, H. Brauns (13♀ 23♂ TMSA 0 4264, 0 4265, 0 4266, 0 4267, 0 4268, SAMC 0 0 4390, 0 0 4391, 004392); Ladismith, 4km S, 33.31.57S 21.15.11E, M. Hauser (1♀SC).
description: Published as part of Eardley, Connal & Griswold, Terry, 2015, Taxonomic revision of Plesianthidium Cameron (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini), an endemic southern African bee genus, pp. 1-56 in Zootaxa 3973 (1) on pages 9-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288925