cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-frequency oscillations in epilepsy: What have we learned and what needs to be addressed
Creators: name: Chen, Zhuying
name: MATURANA, MATIAS
name: BURKITT, ANTHONY
name: COOK, MARK
name: GRAYDEN, DAVID
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neurology and neuromuscular diseases
Medical biochemistry and metabolomics not elsewhere classified
Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: Usage NotesThis supplementary material contains additional references (e-references e1–e70) for High-frequency oscillations in epilepsy: What have we learned and what needs to be addressed.
 Citation: Chen Z, Maturana M I, Burkitt A N, et al. High-frequency Oscillations in Epilepsy: What Have We Learned and What Needs to be Addressed[J]. Neurology, 2021, 96(9): 439-448.
High-frequency oscillations in epilepsy: What have we learned and what needs to be addressed
Creators: name: Chen, Zhuying
name: MATURANA, MATIAS
name: BURKITT, ANTHONY
name: COOK, MARK
name: GRAYDEN, DAVID
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neurology and neuromuscular diseases
Medical biochemistry and metabolomics not elsewhere classified
Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: This supplementary material contains additional references (e-references e1–e70) for High-frequency oscillations in epilepsy: What have we learned and what needs to be addressed.
A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
Creators: name: Riess, Adam G.
name: Yuan, Wenlong
name: Macri, Lucas M.
name: Scolnic, Dan
name: Brout, Dillon
name: Casertano, Stefano
name: Jones, David O.
name: Murakami, Yukei
name: Breuval, Louise
name: Brink, Thomas G.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Hoffmann, Samantha
name: Jha, Saurabh W.
name: Kenworthy, W. D'arcy
name: Anand, Gagandeep
name: Mackenty, John
name: Stahl, Benjamin E.
name: Zheng, Weikang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report observations from HST of Cepheids in the hosts of 42 SNe Ia used to calibrate the Hubble constant (H0). These include all suitable SNe Ia in the last 40 years at z<0.01, measured with >1000 orbits, more than doubling the sample whose size limits the precision of H0. The Cepheids are calibrated geometrically from Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, masers in N4258 (here tripling that Cepheid sample), and DEBs in the LMC. The Cepheids were measured with the same WFC3 instrument and filters (F555W, F814W, F160W) to negate zeropoint errors. We present multiple verifications of Cepheid photometry and tests of background determinations that show measurements are accurate in the presence of crowding. The SNe calibrate the mag-z relation from the new Pantheon+ compilation, accounting here for covariance between all SN data, with host properties and SN surveys matched to negate differences. We decrease the uncertainty in H0 to 1 km/s/Mpc with systematics. We present a comprehensive set of ~70 analysis variants to explore the sensitivity of H0 to selections of anchors, SN surveys, z range, variations in the analysis of dust, metallicity, form of the P-L relation, SN color, flows, sample bifurcations, and simultaneous measurement of H(z). Our baseline result from the Cepheid-SN sample is H0=73.04+-1.04 km/s/Mpc, which includes systematics and lies near the median of all analysis variants. We demonstrate consistency with measures from HST of the TRGB between SN hosts and NGC 4258 with Cepheids and together these yield 72.53+-0.99. Including high-z SN Ia we find H0=73.30+-1.04 with q0=-0.51+-0.024. We find a 5-sigma difference with H0 predicted by Planck+LCDM, with no indication this arises from measurement errors or analysis variations considered to date. The source of this now long-standing discrepancy between direct and cosmological routes to determining the Hubble constant remains unknown.
description: 67 pages, 31 figures, replaced to match ApJ accepted version (March 2022), Table 6 distances included here, long form of photometry tables, fitting code, compact form of data, available from Github page, https://pantheonplussh0es.github.io
Eccentric self-forced inspirals into a rotating black hole
Creators: name: Lynch, Philip
name: van de Meent, Maarten
name: Warburton, Niels
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the first model for extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) into a rotating massive black hole driven by the gravitational self-force. Our model is based on an action angle formulation of the method of osculating geodesics for eccentric, equatorial (i.e., spin-aligned) motion in Kerr spacetime. The forcing terms are provided by an efficient spectral interpolation of the first-order gravitational self-force in the outgoing radiation gauge. We apply a near-identity (averaging) transformation to eliminate all dependence of the orbital phases from the equations of motion, while maintaining all secular effects of the first-order gravitational self-force at post-adiabatic order. This implies that the model can be evolved without having to resolve all $\mathcal{O}(10^5)$ orbit cycles of an EMRI, yielding an inspiral model that can be evaluated in less than a second for any mass-ratio. In the case of a non-rotating central black hole, we compare inspirals evolved using self-force data computed in the Lorenz and radiation gauges. We find that the two gauges generally produce differing inspirals with a deviation of comparable magnitude to the conservative self-force correction. This emphasizes the need for including the (currently unknown) dissipative second order self-force to obtain gauge independent, post-adiabatic waveforms.
description: 46 pages, 12 figures
Phonon-mediated superconductivity in two-dimensional hydrogenated phosphorus carbide: HPC$_{3}$
Creators: name: Li, Ya-Ping
name: Yang, Liu
name: Liu, Hao-Dong
name: Jiao, Na
name: Ni, Meiyan
name: Hao, Ning
name: Lu, Hong-Yan
name: Zhang, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the recent years, three-dimensional (3D) high-temperature superconductors at ultrahigh pressure have been reported, typical examples are the polyhydrides H$_{3}$S, LaH$_{10}$, and YH$_{9}$, etc. To find high-temperature superconductors in two-dimensional (2D) at atmosphere pressure is another research hotspot. Here, we investigated the possible superconductivity in a hydrogenated monolayer phosphorus carbide based on first-principles calculations. The results reveal that monolayer PC$_{3}$ transforms from a semiconductor to a metal after hydrogenation. Interestingly, the C-$π$-bonding band contributes most to the states at the Fermi level. Based on the electron-phonon coupling mechanism, it is found that the electron-phonon coupling constant of HPC$_{3}$ is 0.95, which mainly origins from the coupling of C-$π$ electrons with the in-plane vibration modes of C and H. The calculated critical temperature $T_{c}$ is 31.0 K, which is higher than most of the 2D superconductors. By further applying biaxial tensile strain of 3$\%$, the $T_{c}$ can be boosted to 57.3 K, exceeding the McMillan limit. Thus, hydrogenation and strain are effective ways for increasing the superconducting $T_{c}$ of 2D materials.
The Prevalence of Galaxy Overdensities Around UV-Luminous Lyman $\mathbfα$ Emitters in the Epoch of Reionization
Creators: name: Leonova, E.
name: Oesch, P. A.
name: Qin, Y.
name: Naidu, R. P.
name: Wyithe, J. S. B.
name: de Barros, S.
name: Bouwens, R. J.
name: Ellis, R. S.
name: Endsley, R. M.
name: Hutter, A.
name: Illingworth, G. D.
name: Kerutt, J.
name: Labbe, I.
name: Laporte, N.
name: Magee, D.
name: Mutch, S. J.
name: Roberts-Borsani, G. W.
name: Smit, R.
name: Stark, D. P.
name: Stefanon, M.
name: Tacchella, S.
name: Zitrin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Before the end of the epoch of reionization, the Hydrogen in the Universe was predominantly neutral. This leads to a strong attenuation of Ly$α$ lines of $z\gtrsim6$ galaxies in the intergalactic medium. Nevertheless, Ly$α$ has been detected up to very high redshifts ($z\sim9$) for several especially UV luminous galaxies. Here, we test to what extent the galaxy's local environment might impact the Ly$α$ transmission of such sources. We present an analysis of dedicated Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging in the CANDELS/EGS field to search for fainter neighbours around three of the most UV luminous and most distant spectroscopically confirmed Ly$α$ emitters: EGS-zs8-1, EGS-zs8-2 and EGSY-z8p7 at $z_\mathrm{spec}=7.73$, 7.48, and 8.68, respectively. We combine the multi-wavelength HST imaging with Spitzer data to reliably select $z\sim7-9$ galaxies around the central, UV-luminous sources. In all cases, we find a clear enhancement of neighbouring galaxies compared to the expected number in a blank field (by a factor $\sim 3-9\times$). Our analysis thus reveals ubiquitous overdensities around luminous Ly$α$ emitting sources in the heart of the cosmic reionization epoch. We show that our results are in excellent agreement with expectations from the Dragons simulation, confirming the theoretical prediction that the first ionized bubbles preferentially formed in overdense regions. JWST follow-up observations of the neighbouring galaxies identified here will be needed to confirm their physical association and to map out the ionized regions produced by these sources.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, Submitted to MNRAS
Modeling Evolution of Galactic Bars at Cosmic Dawn
Creators: name: Bi, Da
name: Shlosman, Isaac
name: Romano-Diaz, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study evolution of galactic bars using suite of very high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulations of galaxies at z ~ 9-2. Our models were chosen to lie within similar mass DM halos, log(Mvir/Mo) ~ 11.65 +- 0.05, at z=6, 4, and 2, in high and low overdensity environments. We apply two galactic wind feedback mechanisms for each model. All galaxies develop sub-kpc stellar bars differing in their properties. We find that (1) The high-z bars form in response to various perturbations: mergers, close flybys, cold accretion inflows along the cosmological filaments, etc.; (2) These bars account for large-mass fraction of galaxies; (3) Bars display large corotation-to-bar-size ratios, and are weaker compared to their low-redshift counterparts, by measuring their Fourier amplitudes, and are very gas-rich; (4) Their pattern speed does not exhibit monotonic decline with time due to braking against DM, as at low z; (5) Bar properties, including their stellar population (SFRs and metal enrichment) depend sensitively on prevailing feedback; (6) Finally, we find that bars can weaken substantially during cosmological evolution, becoming weak oval distortions -- hence bars are destroyed and reformed multiple times unlike their low-z counterparts. In all cases, bars in our simulations have been triggered by interactions. In summary, stellar bars appear to be not only contemporary phenomenon, but based on increased frequency of mergers, flybys and the strength of cold accretion flows at high z, we expect them to be ubiquitous at redshifts > 2 -- the epoch of rapid galaxy growth and larger stellar dispersion velocities.
description: Astrophysical Journal (in press), 24 pages, 16 figures
Comments on non-Abelian T-duals and their holographic description
Creators: name: Merrikin, Paul
name: Stuardo, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present three different Type IIB AdS$_4$ Supergravity solutions, derived using the electrostatic-like problem formalism which preserves 8 Poincaré Supercharges. Two of these solutions correspond to the Abelian and non-Abelian T-duals of a Type IIA background, obtained from the dimensional reduction of 11D AdS$_4 \times S^7$ Supegravity. The third solution is a new background with some special properties. We compute the Page charges in each case, and provide brane set-up descriptions of the geometries. Also, we argue that the non-Abelian T-dual can be understood as a zoom-in of a more general background with a well defined holographic dual.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, v2 references added
Building Connections for Community Benefit. Proceedings of the Schools as Community Hubs International Conference 2020
Creators: name: Cleveland, Benjamin
name: CHANDLER, PHILIPPA
name: BACKHOUSE, SARAH
name: CLINTON, JANET
name: McShane, Ian
name: NEWTON, CLARE
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2020
Subjects: Community planning
Urban design
Architectural design

description: Proceedings of the Schools as Community Hubs International Conference 2020
Obra maestra
Creators: name: Solís Gómez, Lisandro Jesús
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Poema

description: Bajo una lluvia empecinada, una tarde de otoño de 1968, el afamado crítico literario Augusto Ponge anunció que iba a dedicar el resto de su vida a la elaboración de una obra que recorriera la historia de la humanidad y el sentido de su existencia; el infinito, el cuerpo y la memoria iban a ser los pilares de este ejercicio de escritura que, según sus propias palabras, «se convertiría en su legado para la posteridad». Muchos de los asistentes a la conferencia de prensa quedaron pasmados, y algunos, incluso, no durmieron esa noche después de la asombrosa noticia. Los admiradores de la obra crítica de Ponge le enviaron cartas de aliento, donde en unas pocas líneas expresaron su admiración y aprecio por un intelectual que «había contribuido al engrandecimiento de las humanidades en su patria». También llegaron a su departamento arreglos florales, electrodomésticos, innumerables libros y obsequios varios, ante lo cual Ponge no hizo sino ruborizarse. Pocos días después publicó una nota de prensa donde pedía encarecidamente a sus admiradores que dejaran de enviarle cualquier tipo de objeto, ya que, literalmente, no entraba una pluma más en su hogar.
Satellite-Based Communications Security: A Survey of Threats, Solutions, and Research Challenges
Creators: name: Tedeschi, Pietro
name: Sciancalepore, Savio
name: Di Pietro, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Satellite-based Communication systems are gaining renewed momentum in Industry and Academia, thanks to innovative services introduced by leading tech companies and the promising impact they can deliver towards the global connectivity objective tackled by early 6G initiatives. On the one hand, the emergence of new manufacturing processes and radio technologies promises to reduce service costs while guaranteeing outstanding communication latency, available bandwidth, flexibility, and coverage range. On the other hand, cybersecurity techniques and solutions applied in SATCOM links should be updated to reflect the substantial advancements in attacker capabilities characterizing the last two decades. However, business urgency and opportunities are leading operators towards challenging system trade-offs, resulting in an increased attack surface and a general relaxation of the available security services. In this paper, we tackle the cited problems and present a comprehensive survey on the link-layer security threats, solutions, and challenges faced when deploying and operating SATCOM systems.Specifically, we classify the literature on security for SATCOM systems into two main branches, i.e., physical-layer security and cryptography schemes.Then, we further identify specific research domains for each of the identified branches, focusing on dedicated security issues, including, e.g., physical-layer confidentiality, anti-jamming schemes, anti-spoofing strategies, and quantum-based key distribution schemes. For each of the above domains, we highlight the most essential techniques, peculiarities, advantages, disadvantages, lessons learned, and future directions.Finally, we also identify emerging research topics whose additional investigation by Academia and Industry could further attract researchers and investors, ultimately unleashing the full potential behind ubiquitous satellite communications.
description: 72 pages
Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks IV. -- with JWST & ELT
Creators: name: Chen, Xueqing
name: Szulágyi, Judit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand the potential for observing forming planets and their circumplanetary disks (CPDs) with JWST and ELT, we created mock observations from 3D radiative hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer post-processing for planets with 10, 5, 1 Jupiter and 1 Saturn masses with orbital separation of 50 and 30 AU in 0$^{\circ}$, 30$^{\circ}$ and 60$^{\circ}$ inclinations. Instrumental effects were then simulated with Mirage for JWST/NIRCam and NIRISS, MIRISim for JWST/MIRI and SimCADO & SimMETIS for ELT/MICADO and METIS. We found that the longer wavelengths (mid-IR and beyond) are the best to detect CPDs. Longer is the wavelength, the smaller mass planet's CPD could be detected. MIRI on JWST and METIS on ELT offers the best possibility on these telescopes. Specifically, below 3 $μ$m, only 10 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ planets with their CPDs are detectable with NIRCam and MICADO. 5 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ planets are only detectable if at 30 AU (i.e. closer) orbital separation. Planets above 5 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ with their CPDs are detectable between 3-5 $μ$m with NIRCam and METIS L/M band, or above 10 $μ$m with MIRI and METIS N band. For $\leq$ 1 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ planets > 15 $μ$m are needed, where MIRI uniquely offers imaging capability. We present magnitudes and spectral energy distributions for separate components of the planet+CPD+CSD system, to differentiate the extinction rates of CPDs and CSDs and to provide predictions for observational proposals. Because the CPD turns out to be the main absorber of the planet's emission, especially <10 $μ$m, this makes the detection of forming planets quite challenging.
description: 24 pages, 24 figures, 5 tables. Accepted in MNRAS
Proceedings of Gender and Sexuality at Work: A Multidisciplinary Research and Engagement Conference 2020
Creators: name: SOJO, VICTOR
name: WHEELER, MELISSA
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2020
Subjects: Human resources management
Industrial and employee relations
Organisational behaviour
Other economics not elsewhere classified
Other education not elsewhere classified
Health economics
Higher education
Labour economics
Sociology not elsewhere classified

description: Gender and sexuality are two critical dimensions of human life and greatly influence the way people connect with various aspects of work.This conference has been designed to bring together talent from academia and the broader public and private sectors (both for-profit and not-for-profit) to participate in respectful, professional and rigorous debate about gender and sexuality at work.We aim to learn from each other, to find better ways to work together in building the knowledge base required to address gender and sexuality at work in healthy and productive ways.
Composition of particulate matter during a wildfire smoke episode in an urban area
Creators: name: Sparks, Tamara L.
name: Wagner, Jeff
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The composition of wildfire smoke particulate matter (PM) was investigated during a 2018 smoke episode in the San Francisco Bay Area and compared to non-wildfire periods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of passive PM samples deployed at four sites exhibited a higher concentration of submicron, spherical, carbonaceous PM (“tar balls”) during the wildfire period compared to the non-wildfire period. Coarse ash aluminosilicates and potassium bearing particles were enhanced as well. Disproportionately more UV light was absorbed by PM during the wildfire period than during the non-wildfire period, indicating a higher organic content consistent with the observed tar balls. An indoor PM sample from a residence operating a medium-efficiency furnace filter during the smoke episode exhibited fine, carbonaceous PM comparable to outdoors, but reduced coarse ash PM. Indoor/outdoor ratios for PM2.5, PM10-2.5, and PM10 were 0.6, 0.1, and 0.5 respectively. SEM of the wildfire furnace filter revealed a greater proportion of tar balls compared to a non-wildfire filter. Relatively rare particles enriched in Cu, Zn, Sn and Pb were observed in wildfire samples, but not in non-wildfire samples. Higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb during the wildfire were confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of the furnace filter. The use of low-cost passive samplers enabled rapid deployment at multiple locations and indoors and outdoors during the wildfire episode. These measurements suggest smoke impacts were regional in scale and similar across sites, though local variations in PM2.5 magnitudes, particle types, and confounding by local sources were observed. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Continuous Dependence on the Initial Data in the Kadison Transitivity Theorem and GNS Construction
Creators: name: Spiegel, Daniel
name: Moreno, Juan
name: Qi, Marvin
name: Hermele, Michael
name: Beaudry, Agnès
name: Pflaum, Markus J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 46L05, 46N50

description: We consider how the outputs of the Kadison transitivity theorem and Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction may be obtained in families when the initial data are varied. More precisely, for the Kadison transitivity theorem, we prove that for any nonzero irreducible representation $(\mathcal{H}, π)$ of a $C^*$-algebra $\mathfrak{A}$ and $n \in \mathbb{N}$, there exists a continuous function $A:X \rightarrow \mathfrak{A}$ such that $π(A(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}))x_i = y_i$ for all $i \in \{1, \ldots, n\}$, where $X$ is the set of pairs of $n$-tuples $(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}) \in \mathcal{H}^n \times \mathcal{H}^n$ such that the components of $\mathbf{x}$ are linearly independent. Versions of this result where $A$ maps into the self-adjoint or unitary elements of $\mathfrak{A}$ are also presented. Regarding the Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction, we prove that given a topological $C^*$-algebra fiber bundle $p:\mathfrak{A} \rightarrow Y$, one may construct a topological fiber bundle $\mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A}) \rightarrow Y$ whose fiber over $y \in Y$ is the space of pure states of $\mathfrak{A}_y$ (with the norm topology), as well as bundles $\mathscr{H} \rightarrow \mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A})$ and $\mathscr{N} \rightarrow \mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A})$ whose fibers $\mathscr{H}_ω$ and $\mathscr{N}_ω$ over $ω\in \mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A})$ are the GNS Hilbert space and closed left ideal, respectively, corresponding to $ω$. When $p:\mathfrak{A} \rightarrow Y$ is a smooth fiber bundle, we show that $\mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A}) \rightarrow Y$ and $\mathscr{H}\rightarrow \mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A})$ are also smooth fiber bundles; this involves proving that the group of $*$-automorphisms of a $C^*$-algebra is a Banach-Lie group. In service of these results, we review the geometry of the topology and pure state space. A simple non-interacting quantum spin system is provided as an example.
Prime thick subcategories on elliptic curves
Creators: name: Hirano, Yuki
name: Ouchi, Genki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F08, 18G80, 14H52

description: We classify all prime thick subcategories in the derived category of coherent sheaves on elliptic curves, and determine the Serre invariant locus of Matsui spectrum of derived category of coherent sheaves on any smooth projective curves.
description: 18 pages, Remark 4.15 is added. To appear in Pacific journal of mathematics
High precision measurement of cosmic curvature: from gravitational waves and cosmic chronometer
Creators: name: He, Yuan
name: Pan, Yu
name: Shi, Dongping
name: Li, Jin
name: Cao, Shuo
name: Cheng, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the spatial curvature has been measured with very high precision, it still suffers from the well known cosmic curvature tension. In this paper, we propose an improved method to determine the cosmic curvature, by using the simulated data of binary neutron star mergers observed by the second generation space-based DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (DECIGO). By applying the Hubble parameter observations of cosmic chronometers to the DECIGO standard sirens, we explore different possibilities of making measurements of the cosmic curvature referring to a distant past: one is to reconstruct the Hubble parameters through the Gaussian process without the influence of hypothetical models, and the other is deriving constraints on $Ω_K$ in the framework of non-flat $Λ$ cold dark matter model. It is shown that in the improved method DECIGO could provide a reliable and stringent constraint on the cosmic curvature ($Ω_{K} = -0.007\pm0.016$), while we could only expect the zero cosmic curvature to be established at the precision of $ΔΩ_K=0.12$ in the second model-dependent method. Therefore, our results indicate that in the framework of methodology proposed in this paper, the increasing number of well-measured standard sirens in DECIGO could significantly reduce the bias of estimations for cosmic curvature. Such constraint is also comparable to the precision of Planck 2018 results with the newest cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations ($ΔΩ_{K} \approx 0.018$), based on the concordance $Λ$CDM model.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Comparing aerosol concentrations and particle size distributions generated by singing, speaking and breathing
Creators: name: Gregson, Florence K. A.
name: Watson, Natalie A.
name: Orton, Christopher M.
name: Haddrell, Allen E.
name: McCarthy, Lauren P.
name: Finnie, Thomas J. R.
name: Gent, Nick
name: Donaldson, Gavin. C.
name: Shah, Pallav L.
name: Calder, James D.
name: Bzdek, Bryan R.
name: Costello, Declan
name: Reid, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented shutdown in social and economic activity, with the cultural sector particularly severely affected. Restrictions on musical performances have arisen from a perception that there is a significantly higher risk of aerosol production from singing than speaking, based upon high-profile examples of clusters of COVID-19 following choral rehearsals. However, comparing aerosol generation from different types of vocalization, including singing, across a range of volumes is a rapidly evolving area of research. Here, we measured aerosols from singing, speaking and breathing from a large cohort of 25 professional singers in a range of musical genres in a zero-background environment, allowing unequivocal attribution of aerosol production to specific vocalizations. We do not assess the relative volumes at which people speak and sing. However, both showed steep increases in mass concentration with increase in loudness (spanning a factor of 20–30 across the dynamic range measured, p < 0.001). At the quietest volume (50 to 60 dBA), neither singing (p = 0.19) nor speaking (p = 0.20) were significantly different to breathing. At the loudest volume (90 to 100 dBA), a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between singing and speaking, but with singing only generating a factor of between 1.5 and 3.4 more aerosol mass. Guidelines for musical performances should be based on the loudness and duration of the vocalization, the number of participants and the environment in which the activity occurs, rather than the type of vocalization. Mitigations such as the use of amplification and increased attention to ventilation should be employed where practicable. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Development of a bench scale method for constant output of mineral dust
Creators: name: Mitroo, Dhruv
name: Gill, Thomas E.
name: Haas, Savannah
name: Pratt, Kerri A.
name: Gaston, Cassandra J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: To realize the environmental impacts of mineral dust from different sources, it is necessary to develop aerosol generation systems that can mimic the processes of aerosolization of sediments into dusts under controlled laboratory settings. Current laboratory dust generation systems would benefit from a critical evaluation of the mechanisms by which they generate dust beyond mere resuspension to include natural eolian processes such as saltation/sandblasting. Without realistically generated aerosols, laboratory-measured dust properties may not capture properties relevant to the natural environment. We describe the development of a benchtop system, the Constant Output Dust Generator (CODG), whose design takes into account the dominant natural physical processes of wind erosion and mineral dust production. The CODG’s major components include a wrist-action shaker, custom-built flask, dilution drum, cyclone, and neutralizer. A carrier gas provides flow through the system resulting in dust entrainment. We achieved constant output, typically <10% variation in aerosol surface area concentration, for both a commercial standard as well as environmental samples (saline crusts and loose sediments). We find that the composition of aerosols generated from the CODG is consistent with the composition of the parent source material. We further show that our system is suitable for determination of reaction rates on suspended dust aerosols. At similar mechanical energy inputs, it generates sufficient material (particle surface area concentrations between 10−5 − 10−3 cm2 cm−3) for many applications from both loose sandy sediment and cohesive evaporite crusts. The CODG represents a system potentially applicable for numerous applications of dust aerosol research. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Predictions for the X-ray circumgalactic medium of edge-on discs and spheroids
Creators: name: Nica, Anna
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.
name: Crain, Robert A.
name: Bogdán, Ákos
name: Davies, Jonathan J.
name: Forman, William R.
name: Kraft, Ralph P.
name: ZuHone, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how the X-ray circumgalactic medium (CGM) of present-day galaxies depends on galaxy morphology and azimuthal angle using mock observations generated from the EAGLE cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. By creating mock stacks of {\it eROSITA}-observed galaxies oriented to be edge-on, we make several observationally-testable predictions for galaxies in the stellar mass range $M_\star=10^{10.7-11.2}\;$M$_{\odot}$. The soft X-ray CGM of disc galaxies is between 60 and 100\% brighter along the semi-major axis compared to the semi-minor axis, between 10-30 kpc. This azimuthal dependence is a consequence of the hot ($T>10^6$ K) CGM being non-spherical: specifically it is flattened along the minor axis such that denser and more luminous gas resides in the disc plane and co-rotates with the galaxy. Outflows enrich and heat the CGM preferentially perpendicular to the disc, but we do not find an observationally-detectable signature along the semi-minor axis. Spheroidal galaxies have hotter CGMs than disc galaxies related to spheroids residing at higher halos masses, which may be measurable through hardness ratios spanning the $0.2-1.5$ keV band. While spheroids appear to have brighter CGMs than discs for the selected fixed $M_\star$ bin, this owes to spheroids having higher stellar and halo masses within that $M_\star$ bin, and obscures the fact that both simulated populations have similar total CGM luminosities at the exact same $M_\star$. Discs have brighter emission inside 20 kpc and more steeply declining profiles with radius than spheroids. We predict that the {\it eROSITA} 4-year all-sky survey should detect many of the signatures we predict here, although targeted follow-up observations of highly inclined nearby discs after the survey may be necessary to observe some of our azimuthally-dependent predictions.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, 1 table. Submitted to MNRAS. Comments welcome
Disability Employment Services (DES) Outcomes in 2020: Effects of COVID-19 Restrictions
Creators: name: Stancliffe, Roger
name: Badji, Samia
name: Disney, George
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2020
Subjects: Public health not elsewhere classified
People with disability
Epidemiology not elsewhere classified
Labour economics

description: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, people with disability faced longstanding barriers to employment. In 2018, Australians aged 15-64 with disability had a vastly lower employment rate (48%) than their peers without disability (80%).The restrictions put in place to stop the spread of coronavirus have severely affected the Australian labour market and could make this employment situation even worse. We already know that the economic harms have not been spread evenly. For example, workforce groups such as women and young people have faced greater disadvantage.One important way Australians with disability are supported to find and retain a job is through a Disability Employment Service (DES). We analysed data on monthly employment outcomes for people with disability who use DESs. By tracking employment outcomes, month by month, through the pandemic, we could assess how people with disability who use DESs were faring this year during COVID-19, compared to when we were COVID-free.Relative to pre-COVID outcomes, we found large relative falls in job acquisition in the first months of the COVID-19 restrictions, followed by a partial rebound, but to levels still well below the pre-COVID situation. Job retention also fell substantially, but with no sign of a rebound so far.We explored publicly available Disability Employment Service employment outcome data for people with disability during the months of the COVID-19 lockdown until the end of August 2020, and compared these outcomes to relevant pre-COVID data.

Relative to pre-COVID outcomes, we found large relative falls in job acquisition in the first months of the COVID-19 restrictions, followed by a partial rebound, but to levels still well below the pre-COVID situation. Job retention also fell substantially, but with no sign of a rebound so far.

For more research on disability and employment in Australia, go to our research program page at: www.credh.org.au 
Sauerstoffhaltige, lithographisch strukturierte und plasmachemisch modifizierte amorphe Kohlenstoffschichten
Creators: name: Danneil, Friederike Dima
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015
Subjects: amorpher Kohlenstoff
Magnetronzerstäuben
Benetzungsverhalten
Hämokompatibilität

description: Mit Hilfe des d. c. Magnetronzerstäubens wurden wasserstofffreie, sauerstoffhaltige amorphe Kohlenstoffschichten hergestellt und ihr Aufbau sowie ausgewählte mechanische Eigenschaften untersucht. Diese sowie N- und H-haltige Referenzschichten wurden photolithographisch strukturiert und das Benetzungsverhalten untersucht. Ein eigenes Benetzungsmodell wurde entwickelt. Versuche mit Plasmaproteinen und Thrombozyten zur Bewertung der Hämokompatibilität wurden durchgeführt.
Modeling the light curve of Type IIn-P SN 2005cl with red supergiant progenitors featuring pre-SN ourbursts
Creators: name: Li, Chunhui
name: Morozova, Viktoriya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) show narrow hydrogen emission lines in their spectra. Apart from this common feature, they demonstrate very broad diversity in brightness, duration, and morphology of their light curves, which indicates that they likely come from a variety of progenitor systems and explosion channels. A particular subset of SNe IIn, the so called SNe IIn-P, exhibit $\sim$100 days plateau phases that are very similar to the ones of the ordinary hydrogen-rich SNe (SNe II). In the past, SNe IIn-P were explained by the models of sub-energetic electron capture explosions surrounded by dense extended winds. In this work, we attempt to explain this class of SNe with standard red supergiant (RSG) progenitors that experience outbursts several month before the final explosion. The outburst energies that show the best agreement between our models and the data ($5\times10^{46}\,{\rm erg}$) fall at the low range of the outburst energies that have been observed for SNe IIn (between few times $10^{46}\,{\rm erg}$ and $10^{49}\,{\rm erg}$). Instead, the inferred explosion energy of SN 2005cl is relatively high ($1-2\times10^{51}\,{\rm erg}$) compared to the explosion energies of the ordinary SNe II. Our models provide alternative explanation of SNe IIn-P to the previously proposed scenarios.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Funktionelle PVD-Viellagenschichten aus den Systemen Fe-Co-Hf-N, Ti-N und Ti-Al-N für die Hochfrequenz-Sensorik
Creators: name: Krüger, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015

description: In dieser Arbeit wurden Verschleißschutzschichten mit integrierter Sensorfunktionalität zur berührungslosen Erfassung von Änderungen der Schichteigenschaften in Echtzeit mittels elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder entwickelt. Dazu wurden Viellagenschichten mit einstellbaren Eigenschaftsprofilen bestehend aus TiN Hartstoff- und ferromagnetischen FeCoHfN Funktionslagen hergestellt und die Sensorfunktionalität in Hinblick auf Dehnung, Temperaturänderung und Materialabtrag charakterisiert.
Composition of Particulate Matter During a Wildfire Smoke Episode in an Urban Area
Creators: name: Sparks, Tamara L.
name: Wagner, Jeff
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The composition of wildfire smoke particulate matter (PM) was investigated during a 2018 smoke episode in the San Francisco Bay Area and compared to non-wildfire periods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of passive PM samples deployed at four sites exhibited a higher concentration of submicron, spherical, carbonaceous PM (“tar balls”) during the wildfire period compared to the non-wildfire period. Coarse ash aluminosilicates and potassium bearing particles were enhanced as well. Disproportionately more UV light was absorbed by PM during the wildfire period than during the non-wildfire period, indicating a higher organic content consistent with the observed tar balls. An indoor PM sample from a residence operating a medium-efficiency furnace filter during the smoke episode exhibited fine, carbonaceous PM comparable to outdoors, but reduced coarse ash PM. Indoor/outdoor ratios for PM2.5, PM10-2.5, and PM10 were 0.6, 0.1, and 0.5 respectively. SEM of the wildfire furnace filter revealed a greater proportion of tar balls compared to a non-wildfire filter. Relatively rare particles enriched in Cu, Zn, Sn and Pb were observed in all wildfire samples, but not in non-wildfire samples. Higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb during the wildfire were confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of the furnace filter. The use of low-cost passive samplers enabled rapid deployment at multiple locations and indoors and outdoors during the wildfire episode. These measurements suggest smoke impacts were regional in scale and similar across sites, though local variations in PM2.5 magnitudes, particle types, and confounding by local sources were observed.
Quantitative Characterization of Magnetic Flux Rope Properties for Two Solar Eruption Events
Creators: name: He, Wen
name: Hu, Qiang
name: Jiang, Chaowei
name: Qiu, Jiong
name: Prasad, Avijeet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to bridge the gap between heliospheric and solar observations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), one of the key steps is to improve the understanding of their corresponding magnetic structures like the magnetic flux ropes (MFRs). But it remains a challenge to confirm the existence of a coherent MFR before or upon the CME eruption on the Sun and to quantitatively characterize the CME-MFR due to the lack of direct magnetic field measurement in the corona. In this study, we investigate the MFR structures, originating from two active regions (ARs), AR 11719 and AR 12158, and estimate their magnetic properties quantitatively. We perform the nonlinear force-free field extrapolations with preprocessed photospheric vector magnetograms. In addition, remote-sensing observations are employed to find indirect evidence of MFRs on the Sun and to analyze the time evolution of magnetic reconnection flux associated with the flare ribbons during the eruption. A coherent "pre-existing" MFR structure prior to the flare eruption is identified quantitatively for one event from the combined analysis of the extrapolation and observation. Then the characteristics of MFRs for two events on the Sun before and during the eruption, forming the CME-MFR, including the axial magnetic flux, field-line twist, and reconnection flux, are estimated and compared with the corresponding in situ modeling results. We find that the magnetic reconnection associated with the accompanying flares for both events injects significant amount of flux into the erupted CME-MFRs.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, submitted to ApJ
Designing a Digital Timesheet System for YouthWorks Baltimore
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Kiel
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2018

description: Baltimore YouthWorks is a program operated by the Baltimore City Mayor’s Office for Employment Development (MOED). Approximately 8,000 Baltimore City youth, aged 14-21, receive short-term summer employment at minimum wage with local government departments, nonprofits, and businesses. A significant challenge facing the YouthWorks program is an inefficient and outdated timekeeping process. The program seeks to develop a digital timesheet system to pilot with a small group of employment partners to evaluate the viability of a complete shift in payroll processing operations. This project reviewed industry best practices and academic research, along with application of the User Centered Design process to develop a proposed design for the pilot platform.
Inward and outward effectiveness of cloth masks, a surgical mask, and a face shield
Creators: name: Pan, Jin
name: Harb, Charbel
name: Leng, Weinan
name: Marr, Linsey C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: We evaluated the effectiveness of 11 face coverings for material filtration efficiency, inward protection efficiency on a manikin, and outward protection efficiency on a manikin. At the most penetrating particle size, the vacuum bag, microfiber cloth, and single-layer surgical-type mask had material filtration efficiencies >50%, while the other materials had much lower filtration efficiencies. However, these efficiencies increased rapidly with particle size, and many materials had efficiencies >50% at 2 μm and >75% at 5 μm. The vacuum bag performed best, with efficiencies of 54–96% for all three metrics, depending on particle size. The thin acrylic and face shield performed worst. Inward protection efficiency and outward protection efficiency, defined for close-range, face-to-face interactions, were similar for many masks; the two efficiencies diverged for stiffer materials and those worn more loosely (e.g., bandana) or more tightly (e.g., wrapped around the head) compared to an earloop mask. Discrepancies between material filtration efficiency and inward/outward protection efficiency indicated that the fit of the mask was important. We calculated that the particle size most likely to deposit in the respiratory tract when wearing a mask is ∼2 μm. Based on these findings, we recommend a three-layer mask consisting of outer layers of a flexible, tightly woven fabric and an inner layer consisting of a material designed to filter out particles. This combination should produce an overall efficiency of >70% at the most penetrating particle size and >90% for particles 1 μm and larger if the mask fits well. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research