cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound in augmented reality: a mixed-methods evaluation of head-mounted displays in image-guided interventions
Creators: name: Rüger, Christoph
name: Feufel, Markus A.
name: Moosburner, Simon
name: Özbek, Christopher
name: Pratschke, Johann
name: Sauer, Igor M.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::100 Philosophie::100 Philosophie und Psychologie
subject: augmented reality
subject: mixed reality
subject: extended reality
subject: AR
subject: MR
subject: XR
subject: HoloLens
subject: head-mounted display
subject: biopsy
subject: needle placement
subject: ultrasound
subject: image-guided
subject: ultrasound-guided
subject: Ergonomics
subject: mixed methods
subject: evaluation
subject: usability
subject: human factors

description: Purpose: Augmented reality (AR) and head-mounted displays (HMD) in medical practice are current research topics. A commonly proposed use case of AR-HMDs is to display data in image-guided interventions. Although technical feasibility has been thoroughly shown, effects of AR-HMDs on interventions are not yet well researched, hampering clinical applicability. Therefore, the goal of this study is to better understand the benefits and limitations of this technology in ultrasound-guided interventions. Methods: We used an AR-HMD system (based on the first-generation Microsoft Hololens) which overlays live ultrasound images spatially correctly at the location of the ultrasound transducer. We chose ultrasound-guided needle placements as a representative task for image-guided interventions. To examine the effects of the AR-HMD, we used mixed methods and conducted two studies in a lab setting: (1) In a randomized crossover study, we asked participants to place needles into a training model and evaluated task duration and accuracy with the AR-HMD as compared to the standard procedure without visual overlay and (2) in a qualitative study, we analyzed the user experience with AR-HMD using think-aloud protocols during ultrasound examinations and semi-structured interviews after the task. Results: Participants (n = 20) placed needles more accurately (mean error of 7.4 mm vs. 4.9 mm, p = 0.022) but not significantly faster (mean task duration of 74.4 s vs. 66.4 s, p = 0.211) with the AR-HMD. All participants in the qualitative study (n = 6) reported limitations of and unfamiliarity with the AR-HMD, yet all but one also clearly noted benefits and/or that they would like to test the technology in practice. Conclusion: We present additional, though still preliminary, evidence that AR-HMDs provide benefits in image-guided procedures. Our data also contribute insights into potential causes underlying the benefits, such as improved spatial perception. Still, more comprehensive studies are needed to ascertain benefits for clinical applications and to clarify mechanisms underlying these benefits.
Inhomogeneous chiral phases in two-flavor quark matter
Creators: name: Abuki, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of the phase structure of QCD in a generalized Ginzburg-Landau framework. We find, going up in density, a strongly interacting matter might go through the "pion crystal", an exotic inhomogeneous chiral phase before reaching the full restoration of symmetry.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, talk given in Quarks and Compact Stars 2014 (QCS2014), Oct. 20-22, 2014, KIAA at Peking University, Beijing, China
Proiettare la gestione dei beni comuni montani nel futuro attraverso comunità attive e la co-creazione del sapere
Creators: name: Dalla Torre, Cristina
Publisher: name: Eurac Research
Year: 2023

description: Un secolo fa non c’era alcun dubbio: per sopravvivere in territori fragili come quelli di montagna le cose andavano fatte insieme. Con la comunità si governavano i boschi, si tenevano in ordine i canali, si organizzavano i servizi per la collettività. Che cosa sta succedendo a questo modo di gestire beni e risorse? La storia di cinque giovani e di due paesi montani ci invita a riflettere sul ruolo che la gestione collettiva dei beni e risorse può avere oggi.
The effect of multilayer ice chemistry on gas-phase deuteration in starless cores
Creators: name: Sipilä, O.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Taquet, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We aim to investigate whether a multilayer ice model can be as successful as a bulk ice model in reproducing the observed abundances of various deuterated gas-phase species toward starless cores. Methods. We calculate abundances for various deuterated species as functions of time adopting fixed physical conditions. We also estimate abundance gradients by adopting a modified Bonnor-Ebert sphere as a core model. In the multilayer ice scenario, we consider desorption from one or several monolayers on the surface. Results. We find that the multilayer model predicts abundances of $\rm DCO^+$ and $\rm N_2D^+$ that are about an order of magnitude lower than observed, caused by the trapping of CO and $\rm N_2$ into the grain mantle. As a result of the mantle trapping, deuteration efficiency in the gas phase increases and we find stronger deuterium fractionation in ammonia than what has been observed. Another distinguishing feature of the multilayer model is that $\rm D_3^+$ becomes the main deuterated ion at high density. The bulk ice model is generally easily reconciled with observations. Conclusions. Our results underline that more theoretical and experimental work is needed to understand the composition and morphology of interstellar ices, and the desorption processes that can act on them. With the current constraints, the bulk ice model appears to be better in reproducing observations than the multilayer ice model. According to our results, the $\rm H_2D^+$ to $\rm N_2D^+$ abundance ratio is higher than 100 in the multilayer model, while only a few $\times$ 10 in the bulk model, and so observations of this ratio could provide information on the ice morphology in starless cores. Observations of the abundance of $\rm D_3^+$ compared to $\rm H_2D^+$ and $\rm D_2H^+$ would provide additional constraints for the models.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures; accepted by A&A; abstract redacted and modified to fit arXiv format
Magnetic properties of restacked 2D spin $\frac{1}{2}$ honeycomb RuCl$_3$ nanosheets
Creators: name: Weber, Daniel
name: Schoop, Leslie M.
name: Duppel, Viola
name: Lippmann, Judith M.
name: Nuss, Jürgen
name: Lotsch, Bettina V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin $\frac{1}{2}$ honeycomb materials have gained substantial interest due to their exotic magnetism and possible application in quantum computing. However, in all current materials out-of-plane interactions are interfering with the in-plane order, hence a true 2D magnetic honeycomb system is still of demand. Here, we report the exfoliation of the magnetic semiconductor $α$-RuCl$_3$ into the first halide monolayers and the magnetic characterization of the spin $\frac{1}{2}$ honeycomb arrangement of turbostratically stacked RuCl$_3$ monolayers. The exfoliation is based on a reductive lithiation/hydration approach, which gives rise to a loss of cooperative magnetism due to the disruption of the spin $\frac{1}{2}$ state by electron injection into the layers. After an oxidative treatment, cooperative magnetism similar to the bulk is restored. The oxidized pellets of restacked single layers feature a magnetic transition at T$_N$ = 7 K in the in-plane direction, while the magnetic properties in the out-of-plane direction vastly differ from bulk $α$-RuCl$_3$. The macroscopic pellets of RuCl$_3$ therefore behave like a stack of monolayers without any symmetry relation in the stacking direction. The deliberate introduction of turbostratic disorder to manipulate the spin structure of RuCl$_3$ is of interest for research in frustrated magnetism and complex magnetic order as predicted by the Kitaev-Heisenberg model.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, supporting information added with 11 pages and 11 figures
Energetic Gamma Radiation from Rapidly Rotating Black Holes
Creators: name: Hirotani, Kouichi
name: Pu, Hung-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive black holes are believed to be the central power house of active galactic nuclei. Applying the pulsar outer-magnetospheric particle accelerator theory to black-hole magnetospheres, we demonstrate that an electric field is exerted along the magnetic field lines near the event horizon of a rotating black hole. In this particle accelerator (or a gap), electrons and positrons are created by photon-photon collisions and accelerated in the opposite directions by this electric field, efficiently emitting gamma-rays via curvature and inverse-Compton processes. It is shown that a gap arises around the null charge surface formed by the frame-dragging effect, provided that there is no current injection across the gap boundaries. The gap is dissipating a part of the hole's rotational energy, and the resultant gamma-ray luminosity increases with decreasing plasma accretion from the surroundings. Considering an extremely rotating supermassive black hole, we show that such a gap reproduces the significant very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray flux observed from the radio galaxy IC 310, provided that the accretion rate becomes much less than the Eddington rate particularly during its flare phase. It is found that the curvature process dominates the inverse-Compton process in the magnetosphere of IC~310, and that the observed power-law-like spectrum in VHE gamma-rays can be explained to some extent by a superposition of the curvature emissions with varying curvature radius. It is predicted that the VHE spectrum extends into higher energies with increasing VHE photon flux.
description: 21 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ, December 14, 2015
High-precision force sensing using a single trapped ion
Creators: name: Ivanov, Peter A.
name: Vitanov, Nikolay V.
name: Singer, Kilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce quantum sensing schemes for measuring very weak forces with a single trapped ion. They use the spin-motional coupling induced by the laser-ion interaction to transfer the relevant force information to the spin-degree of freedom. Therefore, the force estimation is carried out simply by observing the Ramsey-type oscillations of the ion spin states. Three quantum probes are considered, which are represented by systems obeying the Jaynes-Cummings, quantum Rabi (in 1D) and Jahn-Teller (in 2D) models. By using dynamical decoupling schemes in the Jaynes-Cummings and Jahn-Teller models, our force sensing protocols can be made robust to the spin dephasing caused by the thermal and magnetic field fluctuations. In the quantum-Rabi probe, the residual spin-phonon coupling vanishes, which makes this sensing protocol naturally robust to thermally-induced spin dephasing. We show that the proposed techniques can be used to sense the axial and transverse components of the force with a sensitivity beyond the yN $/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ range, i.e. in the xN$ /\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ (xennonewton, $10^{-27}$). The Jahn-Teller protocol, in particular, can be used to implement a two-channel vector spectrum analyzer for measuring ultra-low voltages.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Negativity in the Generalized Valence Bond Solid State
Creators: name: Santos, Raul A.
name: Korepin, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a graphical presentation of the spin $S$ one dimensional Valence Bond Solid (VBS) state, based on the representation theory of the $SU(2)$ Lie-algebra of spins, we compute the spectrum of a mixed state reduced density matrix. This mixed state of two blocks of spins $A$ and $B$ is obtained by tracing out the spins outside $A$ and $B$, in the pure VBS state density matrix. We find in particular that the negativity of the mixed state is non-zero only for adjacent subsystems. The method introduced here can be generalized to the computation of entanglement properties in Levin-Wen models, that possess a similar algebraic structure to the VBS state in the groundstate.
description: 8 pages, 3 Figures. Comments welcomed
The Morphologies and Alignments of Gas, Mass, and the Central Galaxies of CLASH Clusters of Galaxies
Creators: name: Donahue, Megan
name: Ettori, Stefano
name: Rasia, Elena
name: Sayers, Jack
name: Zitrin, Adi
name: Meneghetti, Massimo
name: Voit, G. Mark
name: Golwala, Sunil
name: Czakon, Nicole
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Baldi, Alessandro
name: Koekemoer, Anton
name: Postman, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Morphology is often used to infer the state of relaxation of galaxy clusters. The regularity, symmetry, and degree to which a cluster is centrally concentrated inform quantitative measures of cluster morphology. The Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble Space Telescope (CLASH) used weak and strong lensing to measure the distribution of matter within a sample of 25 clusters, 20 of which were deemed to be relaxed based on their X-ray morphology and alignment of the X-ray emission with the BCG. Towards a quantitative characterization of this important sample of clusters, we present uniformly estimated X-ray morphological statistics for all 25 CLASH clusters. We compare X-ray morphologies of CLASH clusters with those identically measured for a large sample of simulated clusters from the MUSIC-2 simulations, selected by mass. We confirm a threshold in X-ray surface brightness concentration of C>0.4 for cool-core clusters, where C is the ratio of X-ray emission inside 100 kpc/h70 compared to inside 500 kpc/h70. We report and compare morphologies of these clusters inferred from Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect (SZE) maps of the hot gas and in from projected mass maps based on strong and weak lensing. We find a strong agreement in alignments of the orientation of major axes for the lensing, X-ray, and SZE maps of nearly all of the CLASH clusters at radii of 500 kpc (approximately 0.5R500 for these clusters). We also find a striking alignment of clusters shapes at the 500 kpc scale, as measured with X-ray, SZE, and lensing, with that of the near-infrared stellar light at 10 kpc scales for the 20 "relaxed" clusters. This strong alignment indicates a powerful coupling between the cluster- and galaxy-scale galaxy formation processes.
description: 13 pages. Accepted to ApJ 11 Jan 2016
Quantum tomography via Non-orthogonal basis and weak values
Creators: name: Diaz, Juan Jesus
name: Sainz, Isabel
name: Klimov, Andrei B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a relation between a bi-orthogonal set of equiseparable bases and the weak values of the density matrix we derive an explicit formula for its tomographic reconstruction completely analogous to the standard mutually unbiased bases expansion. With the simple example of a qubit is evidenced the relationship between weak values, measured probabilities and the separation between non-orthogonal bases.
Digital Data Acquisition For the Low Energy Neutron Detector Array (LENDA)
Creators: name: Lipschutz, S.
name: Zegers, R. G. T.
name: Hill, J.
name: Liddick, S. N.
name: Noji, S.
name: Prokop, C. J.
name: Scott, M.
name: Solt, M.
name: Sullivan, C.
name: Tompkins, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A digital data acquisition system (DDAS) has been implemented for the Low Energy Neutron Detector Array (LENDA). LENDA is an array of 24 BC-408 plastic-scintillator bars designed to measure low-energy neutrons with kinetic energies in the range of 100 keV to 10 MeV from (p,n)-type charge-exchange reactions. Compared to the previous data acquisition (DAQ) system for LENDA, DDAS offers the possibility to lower the neutron detection threshold, increase the overall neutron-detection efficiency, decrease the dead time of the system, and allow for easy expansion of the array. The system utilized in this work was XIA's Digital Gamma Finder Pixie-16 250 MHz digitizers. A detector-limited timing resolution of 400 ps was achieved for a single LENDA bar. Using DDAS, the neutron detection threshold of the system was reduced compared to the previous analog system, now reaching below 100 keV. The new DAQ system was successfully used in a recent charge-exchange experiment using the $^{16}$C(p,n) reaction at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL).
description: Typo fixed in Abstract
Acoustic Scattering from Corners, Edges and Circular Cones
Creators: name: Elschner, Johannes
name: Hu, Guanghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 78A46

description: Consider the time-harmonic acoustic scattering from a bounded penetrable obstacle imbedded in an isotropic homogeneous medium. The obstacle is supposed to possess a circular conic point or an edge point on the boundary in three dimensions and a planar corner point in two dimensions. The opening angles of cones and edges are allowed to be any number in $(0,2π)\backslash\{π\}$. We prove that such an obstacle scatters any incoming wave non-trivially (i.e., the far field patterns cannot vanish identically), leading to the absence of real non-scattering wavenumbers. Local and global uniqueness results for the inverse problem of recovering the shape of a penetrable scatterers are also obtained using a single incoming wave. Our approach relies on the singularity analysis of the inhomogeneous Laplace equation in a cone.
Local regulation of folliculogenesis by inhibin-related proteins and cytokines
Creators: name: Xiao., Sai
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Perturbations of Weyl sums
Creators: name: Wooley, Trevor D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11L15, 11L07, 11P55

description: Write $f_k({\boldsymbol α};X)=\sum_{x\le X}e(α_1x+\ldots +α_kx^k)$ $(k\ge 3)$. We show that there is a set ${\mathfrak B}\subseteq [0,1)^{k-2}$ of full measure with the property that whenever $(α_2,\ldots ,α_{k-1})\in {\mathfrak B}$ and $X$ is sufficiently large, then $$\sup_{(α_1,α_k)\in [0,1)^2}|f_k({\boldsymbol α};X)|\le X^{1/2+4/(2k-1)}.$$ For $k\ge 5$, this improves on work of Flaminio and Forni, in which a Diophantine condition is imposed on $α_k$, and the exponent of $X$ is $1-2/(3k(k-1))$.
description: 11 pages
An extreme paucity of second population AGB stars in the normal globular cluster M4
Creators: name: MacLean, B. T.
name: Campbell, S. W.
name: De Silva, G. M.
name: Lattanzio, J.
name: DOrazi, V.
name: Simpson, J. D.
name: Momany, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic Globular clusters (GCs) are now known to harbour multiple stellar populations, which are chemically distinct in many light element abundances. It is becoming increasingly clear that asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in GCs show different abundance distributions in light elements compared to those in the red giant branch (RGB) and other phases, skewing toward more primordial, field-star-like abundances, which we refer to as subpopulation one (SP1). As part of a larger program targeting giants in GCs, we obtained high-resolution spectra for a sample of 106 RGB and 15 AGB stars in Messier 4 (NGC 6121) using the 2dF+HERMES facility on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. In this Letter we report an extreme paucity of AGB stars with [Na/O] > -0.17 in M4, which contrasts with the RGB that has abundances up to [Na/O] =0.55. The AGB abundance distribution is consistent with all AGB stars being from SP1. This result appears to imply that all subpopulation two stars (SP2; Na-rich, O-poor) avoid the AGB phase. This is an unexpected result given M4's horizontal branch morphology -- it does not have an extended blue horizontal branch. This is the first abundance study to be performed utilising the HERMES spectrograph.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables (full Table 1 online). Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Symmetric Decompositions of Free Kleinian Groups and Hyperbolic Displacements
Creators: name: Yüce, İlker S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54C30, 20E05, 26B25, 26B35

description: In this paper, it is shown that every point in the hyperbolic 3-space is moved at a distance at least $0.5\log\left(12\cdot 3^{k-1}-3\right)$ by one of the isometries of length at most $k\geq 2$ in a 2-generator Klenian group $Γ$ which is torsion-free, not co-compact and contains no parabolic. Also some lower bounds for the maximum of hyperbolic displacements given by symmetric subsets of isometries in purely loxodromic finitely generated free Kleinian groups are conjectured.
description: 62 pages, 3 Figures, Comments are welcome
Reproducible Open Science In Sci-GaIA
Creators: name: Consortium, The Sci-GaIA
Publisher: name: Sci-GaIA Open Access Repository
Year: 2015

description: The poster describes the workflow for reproducible Open Science implemented by the Sci-GaIA project through the adoption of its federated platform. The poster has been shown in the booth "Global ICT Infrastructures for International Scientific Collaboration (GIIISC)" ran at ICT 2015. For more information, visit https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/events/cf/ict2015/item-display.cfm?id=15260.
SuperWASP discovery and SALT confirmation of a semi-detached eclipsing binary that contains a delta Scuti star
Creators: name: Norton, A. J.
name: Lohr, M. E.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Wheatley, P. J.
name: West, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We searched the SuperWASP archive for objects displaying multiply periodic photometric variations. Specifically we sought evidence for eclipsing binary stars displaying a further non-harmonically related signal in their power spectra. The object SWASP J050634.16-353648.4 is identified as a relatively bright (V ~ 11.5) semi-detached eclipsing binary with a 5.104 d orbital period that displays coherent pulsations with a semi-amplitude of 65 mmag at a frequency of 13.45 per day. Follow-up radial velocity spectroscopy with the Southern African Large Telescope confirmed the binary nature of the system. Using the phoebe code to model the radial velocity curve with the SuperWASP photometry allowed parameters of both stellar components to be determined. This yielded a primary (pulsating) star with a mass of 1.73 +/- 0.11 solar mass and a radius of 2.41 +/- 0.06 solar radii plus a Roche-lobe filling secondary star with a mass of 0.41 +/- 0.03 solar mass and a radius of 4.21 +/- 0.11 solar radii. 1SWASP J050634.16-353648.4 is therefore a bright delta Sct pulsator in a semi-detached eclipsing binary with one of the largest pulsation amplitudes of any such system known. The pulsation constant indicates that the mode is likely a first overtone radial pulsation.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. v2 contains minor language edits, including slight change to title requested by journal
The height invariant of a four-parameter semitoric system with two focus–focus singularities
Creators: name: Alonso, Jaume
name: Hohloch, Sonja
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: completely integrable Hamiltonian systems
subject: semitoric systems
subject: symplectic invariants
subject: height invariant
subject: focus-focus singularities

description: Semitoric systems are a special class of completely integrable systems with two degrees of freedom that have been symplectically classified by Pelayo and Vũ Ngọc about a decade ago in terms of five symplectic invariants. If a semitoric system has several focus–focus singularities, then some of these invariants have multiple components, one for each focus–focus singularity. Their computation is not at all evident, especially in multi-parameter families. In this paper, we consider a four-parameter family of semitoric systems with two focus–focus singularities. In particular, apart from the polygon invariant, we compute the so-called height invariant. Moreover, we show that the two components of this invariant encode the symmetries of the system in an intricate way.
Characterisation of merozoite surface protein 5 of Plasmodium falciparum
Creators: name: Wu., Tieqiao
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Studies of regulation of growth hormone release by growth hormone-releasing peptides in ovine pituitary somatotrophs in vitro
Creators: name: Wu., Danxing
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
New Class of SO(10) Models for Flavor
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Bajc, Borut
name: Saad, Shaikh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new class of unified models based on SO(10) symmetry which provides insights into the masses and mixings of quarks and leptons, including the neutrinos. The key feature of our proposal is the absence of Higgs boson 10_H belonging to the fundamental representation that is normally employed. Flavor mixing is induced via vector-like fermions in the 16 + 16-bar representation. A variety of scenarios, both supersymmetric and otherwise, are analyzed involving a 126_H along with either a 45_H or a 210_H of Higgs boson employed for symmetry breaking. It is shown that this framework, with only a limited number of parameters, provides an excellent fit to the full fermion spectrum, utilizing either type-I or type-II seesaw mechanism. These flavor models can be potentially tested and distinguished in their predictions for proton decay branching ratios, which are analyzed.
description: 40 pages, Latex, 1 figure
Experimental Realization of Two-Dimensional Boron Sheets
Creators: name: Feng, Baojie
name: Zhang, Jin
name: Zhong, Qing
name: Li, Wenbin
name: Li, Shuai
name: Li, Hui
name: Cheng, Peng
name: Meng, Sheng
name: Chen, Lan
name: Wu, Kehui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boron is the fifth element in the periodic table and possesses rich chemistry second only to carbon. A striking feature of boron is that B12 icosahedral cages occur as the building blocks in bulk boron and many boron compounds. This is in contrast to its neighboring element, carbon, which prefers 2D layered structure (graphite) in its bulk form. On the other hand, boron clusters of medium size have been predicted to be planar or quasi-planar, such as B12+ , B13+, B19-, B36, and so on. This is also in contrast to carbon clusters which exhibit various cage structures (fullerenes). Therefore, boron and carbon can be viewed as a set of complementary chemical systems in their bulk and cluster structures. Now, with the boom of graphene, an intriguing question is that whether boron can also form a monoatomic-layer 2D sheet structure? Here, we report the first successful experimental realization of 2D boron sheets. We have revealed two types of boron sheet structures, corresponding to a triangular boron lattice with different arrangements of the hexagonal holes. Moreover, our boron sheets were found to be relatively stable against oxidization, and interacts only weekly with the substrate. The realization of such a long expected 2D boron sheet could open a door toward boron electronics, in analogous to the carbon electronics based on graphene.
description: 4 figures
The pathophysiology of cirrhotic ascites
Creators: name: Wood., Laurence James
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Storage and retrieval of (3+1)-dimensional weak-light bullets and vortices in a coherent atomic gas
Creators: name: Chen, Zhiming
name: Bai, Zhengyang
name: Li, Hui-jun
name: Hang, Chao
name: Huang, Guoxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A robust light storage and retrieval (LSR) in high dimensions is highly desirable for light and quantum information processing. However, most schemes on LSR realized up to now encounter problems due to not only dissipation, but also dispersion and diffraction, which make LSR with a very low fidelity. Here we propose a scheme to achieve a robust storage and retrieval of weak nonlinear high-dimensional light pulses in a coherent atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that it is available to produce stable (3+1)-dimensional light bullets and vortices, which have very attractive physical property and are suitable to obtain a robust LSR in high dimensions.
Generalized Heegner cycles at Eisenstein primes and the Katz $p$-adic $L$-function
Creators: name: Kriz, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05, 11G10, 11G40, 11G18

description: In this paper, we consider normalized newforms $f\in S_k(Γ_0(N),\varepsilon_f)$ whose non-constant term Fourier coefficients are congruent to those of an Eisenstein series modulo some prime ideal above a rational prime $p$. In this situation, we establish a congruence between the anticyclotomic $p$-adic $L$-function of Bertolini-Darmon-Prasanna and the Katz two-variable $p$-adic $L$-function. From this, we derive congruences between images under the $p$-adic Abel-Jacobi map of certain generalized Heegner cycles attached to $f$ and special values of the Katz $p$-adic $L$-function. In particular, our results apply to newforms associated with elliptic curves $E/\mathbb{Q}$ whose mod $p$ Galois representations $E[p]$ are reducible at a good prime $p$. As a consequence, we show the following: if $K$ is an imaginary quadratic field satisfying the Heegner hypothesis with respect to $E$ and in which $p$ splits, and if the bad primes of $E$ satisfy certain congruence conditions mod $p$ and $p$ does not divide certain Bernoulli numbers, then the Heegner point $P_{E}(K)$ is non-torsion, in particular implying that $\text{rank}_{\mathbb{Z}}E(K) = 1$. From this, we show that when $E$ is semistable with reducible mod $3$ Galois representation, then a positive proportion of real quadratic twists of $E$ have rank 1 and a positive proportion of imaginary quadratic twists of $E$ have rank 0.
description: 53 pages, accepted for publication in Algebra and Number Theory
title: The development of confocal laser scanning methods for the study of vascular structure, function and receptor distribution
Creators: name: Daly, Craig James
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Medical imaging.

description: The work contained within this thesis describes the development of confocal laser scanning methods as applied to the study of blood vessel structure and receptor distribution. Prior to the start of the project there were no suitable techniques available for the study of 3D structure and spatial distribution of receptors which therefore necessitated the development of novel methods. The first phase of the work employed fluorescent DNA stains which provided an increased contrast and an ability to identify all cell types, number, orientation and viability within a living vascular wall. This nuclear staining method was then extended by introducing confocal analysis of myograph mounted arterial segments. The confocal method was successful in detecting areas of apparently disorganised smooth muscle cells within the wall of SHR basilar arteries. In addition, CLSM detected changes in the media of human arteries taken from cases of critical limb ischaemia and in the adventitia of mouse tail artery where the aib-adrenoceptor had been deleted. Structural studies of the vascular wall required the use of image analysis methods for quantification and feature extraction. This required the development of novel methods specific for, CLSM-derived, 3D volumes of vascular structure. A semi-automated thresholding and segmentation algorithm (IMTS) was developed and tested. The imaging and segmentation phase of the research aided in the identification of problems associated with quantification of 3D volumetric structures. Fluorescent-ligands can be used to identify high affinity binding sites within cells. A significant proportion of this thesis describes the development of fluorescence- binding using CLSM and image analysis. The results document the developmental work leading up to the construction of the first 'specific' binding curve to be performed on a single living cell. This paves the way for ligand-binding-type experiments on cells dissociated from biopsies or other small tissue samples. Overall, the project has established the use of confocal microscopy for the study of blood vessel structure, function and receptor distribution. This thesis describes the key steps in the development of the techniques and hopefully serves as a guide to those interested in using confocal based methods for the study of blood vessels.
Factors affecting the size of the phasic stretch reflex
Creators: name: Wood., Shane A.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Jorgensen's Inequality and Purely Loxodromic 2-Generator Free Kleinian Groups
Creators: name: Yüce, İlker S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54C30, 20E05, 26B25, 26B35

description: Let $ξ$ and $η$ be two non--commuting isometries of the hyperbolic $3$--space $\mathbb{H}^3$ so that $Γ=\langleξ,η\rangle$ is a purely loxodromic free Kleinian group. For $γ\inΓ$ and $z\in\mathbb{H}^3$, let $d_γz$ denote the distance between $z$ and $γ\cdot z$. Let $z_1$ and $z_2$ be the mid-points of the shortest geodesic segments connecting the axes of $ξ$, $ηξη^{-1}$ and $η^{-1}ξη$, respectively. In this manuscript it is proved that if $d_γz_2<1.6068...$ for every $γ\in\{η, ξ^{-1}ηξ, ξηξ^{-1}\}$ and $d_{ηξη^{-1}}z_2\leq d_{ηξη^{-1}}z_1$, then \[ |\text{trace}^2(ξ)-4|+|\text{trace}(ξηξ^{-1}η^{-1})-2|\geq 2\sinh^2\left(\tfrac{1}{4}\logα\right) = 1.5937.... \] Above $α=24.8692...$ is the unique real root of the polynomial $21 x^4 - 496 x^3 - 654 x^2 + 24 x + 81$ that is greater than $9$. Also generalisations of this inequality for finitely generated purely loxodromic free Kleinian groups are conjectured.
description: A contradiction with Theorem 4.1 in v3, named as Theorem 4.2 in this version, arose while rephrasing of Theorem 4.2 in v3. This was fixed by restating Theorem 4.2, which was named as Theorem 4.3 in this version. Lemma 4.1 is due to the anonymous referee. Conjecture 4.2 was also restated accordingly. No changes occurred in the computations otherwise. 26 pages, 3 Figures
On the definition of quantum Heisenberg category
Creators: name: Brundan, Jonathan
name: Savage, Alistair
name: Webster, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B10, 18D10

description: We introduce a diagrammatic monoidal category $\mathcal{H}eis_k(z,t)$ which we call the quantum Heisenberg category, here, $k \in \mathbb{Z}$ is "central charge" and $z$ and $t$ are invertible parameters. Special cases were known before: for central charge $k=-1$ and parameters $z = q-q^{-1}$ and $t = -z^{-1}$ our quantum Heisenberg category may be obtained from the deformed version of Khovanov's Heisenberg category introduced by Licata and the second author by inverting its polynomial generator, while $\mathcal{H}eis_0(z,t)$ is the affinization of the HOMFLY-PT skein category. We also prove a basis theorem for the morphism spaces in $\mathcal{H}eis_k(z,t)$.
description: v1: preliminary version; v2: minor corrections, published version; v3: contains corrections of some errors present in the published version
Preference Neural Network
Creators: name: Elgharabawy, Ayman
name: Prasad, Mukesh
name: Lin, Chin-Teng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a preference neural network (PNN) to address the problem of indifference preferences orders with new activation function. PNN also solves the Multi-label ranking problem, where labels may have indifference preference orders or subgroups are equally ranked. PNN follows a multi-layer feedforward architecture with fully connected neurons. Each neuron contains a novel smooth stairstep activation function based on the number of preference orders. PNN inputs represent data features and output neurons represent label indexes. The proposed PNN is evaluated using new preference mining dataset that contains repeated label values which have not experimented before. PNN outperforms five previously proposed methods for strict label ranking in terms of accurate results with high computational efficiency.
description: Accepted for publication
Remark on the Adiabatic Limit of Quantum Zakharov System
Creators: name: Choi, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B30, 35Q40, 35Q55

description: This paper is concerned with the low regularity well-posedness of the adiabatic limit of the quantum Zakharov system, which is a modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). As the quantum parameter tends to zero, the modified NLSE formally converges to the standard NLSE, and we show this rigorously.
description: Revised article
Small Time Behavior and Summability for the Schrödinger Equation
Creators: name: Choi, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 40A30, 28A20, 35Q55, 42A24

description: We consider the Carleson's problem regarding small time almost everywhere convergence to initial data for the Schrödinger equation, both linear and nonlinear on $\mathbb{R}$. It is shown, via the smoothing effect of the Schrödinger flow, that the (sharp) result proved by Dahlberg and Kenig for initial data in Sobolev spaces still holds when one considers the full Schrödinger equation with a certain class of potentials. As for $s<\frac{1}{4}$, the failure of $L^p$-boundedness of the (localized) maximal operator is investigated.
description: Revised article
High order transition elements: The xNy-element concept -- Part I: Statics
Creators: name: Duczek, Sascha
name: Saputra, Albert Artha
name: Gravenkamp, Hauke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1.8; I.6.m
subject: G.1.8, I.6.m

description: Advanced transition elements are of utmost importance in many applications of the finite element method (FEM) where a local mesh refinement is required. Considering problems that exhibit singularities in the solution, an adaptive hp-refinement procedure must be applied. Even today, this is a very demanding task especially if only quadrilateral/hexahedral elements are deployed and consequently the hanging nodes problem is encountered. These element types, are, however, favored in computational mechanics due to the improved accuracy compared to triangular/tetrahedral elements. Therefore, we propose a compatible transition element - xNy-element - which provides the capability of coupling different element types. The adjacent elements can exhibit different element sizes, shape function types, and polynomial orders. Thus, it is possible to combine independently refined h- and p-meshes. The approach is based on the transfinite mapping concept and constitutes an extension/generalization of the pNh-element concept. By means of several numerical examples, the convergence behavior is investigated in detail, and the asymptotic rates of convergence are determined numerically. Overall, it is found that the proposed approach provides very promising results for local mesh refinement procedures.
description: 51 pages, 44 figures, 4 tables
Giant semiclassical magnetoresistance in high mobility TaAs2 semimetal
Creators: name: Wu, Desheng
name: Liao, Jian
name: Yi, Wei
name: Wang, Xia
name: Li, Peigang
name: Weng, Hongming
name: Shi, Youguo
name: Li, Yongqing
name: Luo, Jianlin
name: Dai, Xi
name: Fang, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of colossal positive magnetoresistance (MR) in single crystalline, high mobility TaAs2 semimetal. The excellent fit of MR by a single quadratic function of the magnetic field B over a wide temperature range (T = 2-300 K) suggests the semiclassical nature of the MR. The measurements of Hall effect and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, as well as band structure calculations suggest that the giant MR originates from the nearly perfectly compensated electrons and holes in TaAs2. The quadratic MR can even exceed 1,200,000% at B = 9 T and T = 2 K, which is one of the largest values among those of all known semi-metallic compounds including the very recently discovered WTe2 and NbSb2. The giant positive magnetoresistance in TaAs2, which not only has a fundamentally different origin from the negative colossal MR observed in magnetic systems, but also provides a nice complemental system that will be beneficial for applications in magnetoelectronic devices
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, Accepted by Appl. Phys. Lett. (Submitted the paper on Nov. 22, 2015)
The Frobenius Theorem for Log-Lipschitz Subbundles
Creators: name: Yao, Liding
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58A30 (Primary), 53C12 and 60L40 (Secondary)

description: We extend the definition of involutivity to non-Lipschitz tangent subbundles using generalized functions. We prove the Frobenius Theorem with sharp regularity estimate when the subbundle is log-Lipschitz: if $\mathcal V$ is a log-Lipschitz involutive subbundle of rank $r$, then for any $\varepsilon>0$, locally there is a homeomorphism $Φ(u,v)$ such that $Φ,\frac{\partialΦ}{\partial u^1},\dots,\frac{\partialΦ}{\partial u^r}\in C^{0,1-\varepsilon}$, and $\mathcal V$ is spanned by the continuous vector fields $Φ_*\frac\partial{\partial u^1},\dots,Φ_*\frac\partial{\partial u^r}$.
description: Final version, 33 pages. Appeared in The Journal of Geometric Analysis
Detection of Linearly Polarized 6.9 mm Continuum Emission from the Class 0 Young Stellar Object NGC1333 IRAS4A
Creators: name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
name: Lai, Shih-Ping
name: Hasegawa, Yasuhiro
name: Hirano, Naomi
name: Rao, Ramprasad
name: Li, I-Hsiu
name: Fukagawa, Misato
name: Girart, Josep M.
name: Carrasco-González, Carlos
name: Rodríguez, Luis F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA), 0$"$.5 angular resolution observations of linearly polarized continuum emission at 6.9 mm, towards the Class 0 young stellar object (YSO) NGC1333 IRAS4A. This target source is a collapsing dense molecular core, which was resolved at short wavelengths to have hourglass shaped B-field configuration. We compare these 6.9 mm observations with previous polarization Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations at 0.88 mm, which have comparable angular resolution ($\sim$0$"$7). We found that at the same resolution, the observed polarization position angles at 6.9 mm are slightly deviated from those observed at 0.88 mm. Due to the lower optical depth of the emission at 6.9 mm, and the potential effect of dust grain growth, the new JVLA observations are likely probing B-field alignments in regions interior to those sampled by the previous polarization observations at higher frequencies. Our understanding can be improved by more sensitive observations, and observations for the more extended spatial scales.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to ApJ
gadfly: A pandas-based Framework for Analyzing GADGET Simulation Data
Creators: name: Hummel, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first public release (v0.1) of the open-source GADGET Dataframe Library: gadfly. The aim of this package is to leverage the capabilities of the broader python scientific computing ecosystem by providing tools for analyzing simulation data from the astrophysical simulation codes GADGET and GIZMO using pandas, a thoroughly documented, open-source library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures that is quickly becoming the standard for data analysis in python. Gadfly is a framework for analyzing particle-based simulation data stored in the HDF5 format using pandas DataFrames. The package enables efficient memory management, includes utilities for unit handling, coordinate transformations, and parallel batch processing, and provides highly optimized routines for visualizing smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) datasets.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Submitted for publication in PASP