cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
NMR spectrum reconstruction as a pattern recognition problem
Creators: name: Jahangiri, Amir
name: Han, Xiao
name: Lesovoy, Dmitry
name: Agback, Tatiana
name: Agback, Peter
name: Achour, Adnane
name: Orekhov, Vladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new deep neural network based on the WaveNet architecture (WNN) is presented, which is designed to grasp specific patterns in the NMR spectra. When trained at a fixed non-uniform sampling (NUS) schedule, the WNN benefits from pattern recognition of the corresponding point spread function (PSF) pattern produced by each spectral peak resulting in the highest quality and robust reconstruction of the NUS spectra as demonstrated in simulations and exemplified in this work on 2D 1H-15N correlation spectra of three representative globular proteins with different sizes: Ubiquitin (8.6 kDa), Azurin (14 kDa), and Malt1 (44 kDa). The pattern recognition by WNN is also demonstrated for successful virtual homo-decoupling in a 2D methyl 1H-13 HMQC spectrum of MALT1. We demonstrate using WNN that prior knowledge about the NUS schedule, which so far was not fully exploited, can be used for designing new powerful NMR processing techniques that surpass the existing algorithmic methods.
Automatic sorting of point pattern sets using Minkowski Functionals
Creators: name: Parker, Joshua
name: Sherman, Eilon
name: van de Raa, Matthias
name: van der Meer, Devaraj
name: Samelson, Lawrence E.
name: Losert, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Point pattern sets arise in many different areas of physical, biological, and applied research, representing many random realizations of underlying pattern formation mechanisms. These pattern sets can be heterogeneous with respect to underlying spatial processes, which may not be visually distinguishable. This heterogeneity can be elucidated by looking at statistical measures of the patterns sets and using these measures to divide the pattern set into distinct groups representing like spatial processes. We introduce here a numerical procedure for sorting point pattern sets into spatially homogeneous groups using Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) applied to the approximated Minkowski functionals of each pattern. We demonstrate that this procedure correctly sorts pattern sets into similar groups both when the patterns are drawn from similar processes and when the 2nd-order characteristics of the pattern are identical. We highlight this routine for distinguishing the molecular patterning of fluorescently labeled cell membrane proteins, a subject of much interest in studies investigating complex spatial signaling patterns involved in the human immune response.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review E (05 March 2013)
Generalized Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity in presence of Bloch brane-like models
Creators: name: Andrade, I.
name: Bazeia, D.
name: Lobão, A. S.
name: Menezes, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate generalized Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, coupling the dilaton field with two scalar matter fields. We obtain the equations of motion of the fields and investigate the linear perturbation of the solutions in general. We study two specific situations that allow analytic solutions with topological behavior and check how the dilaton field, the warp factor and Ricci scalar behave. In particular, we have shown how the parameters can be used to modify the structure of the solutions. Moreover, the perturbations are in general described by intricate coupled differential equations, but in some specific cases we could construct the corresponding zero modes analytically.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. To appear in Chin. Phys. C
Dirac reductions and Classical W-algebras
Creators: name: Lee, Gahng Sahn
name: Song, Arim
name: Suh, Uhi Rinn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the first part of this paper, we generalize Dirac reduction to the extent of non-local Poisson vertex superalgebra and non-local SUSY Poisson vertex algebra cases. Next, we modify this reduction so that we explain the structures of classical W-superalgebras and SUSY classical W-algebras in terms of the modified Dirac reduction.
Magnetic-field-induced ab-plane rotation of the Eu magnetic moments in trigonal EuMg2Bi2 and EuMg2Sb2 single crystals below their Neel temperatures
Creators: name: Pakhira, Santanu
name: Lee, Yongbin
name: Ke, Liqin
name: Johnston, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic and electronic-transport properties of trigonal EuMg2Bi2 in ab-plane magnetic fields Hx and the A-type antiferromagnetic structure have recently been reported. At a temperature of 1.8 K < TN, the Eu magnetic moments with spin S = 7/2 remain locked in the ab plane up to and above the ab-plane critical field Hxc = 27.5 kOe at which the Eu moments become parallel to Hx. Here additional measurements at low fields are reported that reveal a new spin-reorientation transition at a field Hc1 = 465 Oe where the Eu moments remain in the ab plane but become perpendicular to Hx. At higher fields, the moments cant towards the field resulting in M proportional to Hx up to Hxc. Similar results are reported from measurements of the magnetic properties of EuMg2Sb2 single crystals, where Hc1 = 220 Oe is found. Theory is formulated that models the low-field magnetic behavior of both materials, and the associated anisotropies are calculated. The ab-plane trigonal anisotropy in EuMg2Sb2 is found to be significantly smaller than in EuMg2Bi2.
description: 11 pages, 10 captioned figures, 3 tables, 25 references
Perpetual Contract NFT as Collateral for DeFi Composability
Creators: name: Kim, HyoungSung
name: Kim, Hyun-Sik
name: Park, Yong-Suk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ethereum and its standardized token interface have formed decentralized finance (DeFi), an open financial system based on blockchain smart contracts. The DeFi ecosystem has become richer with the introduction of DeFi composability projects, such as Lido finance and Curve finance. DeFi composability denotes the concatenation of DeFi services in which each DeFi service locks assets as collateral and gives another asset as liquidity of locked assets to providers. Providers use the tokens given for other concatenated DeFi services, such as lending, decentralized exchanges (DEXs), and derivatives. The DeFi ecosystem uses ERC-20 tokens which can represent the value of an asset. ERC-721 non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are not widely adopted in DeFi, since they represent rights to an asset and are not considered appropriate for valuation. In this paper, we propose a new concept, perpetual contract NFT, which exploits perpetual future contracts in the cryptocurrency derivatives market. Unlike futures contracts in a traditional derivatives market, in the cryptocurrency derivatives market, most futures contracts are perpetual. In addition, the value of futures contract is backed by collateral. Therefore, if we mint the rights to perpetual contracts as NFT, we can use the perpetual contract NFT as collateral for DeFi composability. To validate our proposal and its profitability, we experiment with the position NFT of Uniswap v3. Through validation, we show that our concept works in real-world scenarios.
Two Methods for Spoofing-Aware Speaker Verification: Multi-Layer Perceptron Score Fusion Model and Integrated Embedding Projector
Creators: name: Heo, Jungwoo
name: Kim, Ju-ho
name: Shin, Hyun-seo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The use of deep neural networks (DNN) has dramatically elevated the performance of automatic speaker verification (ASV) over the last decade. However, ASV systems can be easily neutralized by spoofing attacks. Therefore, the Spoofing-Aware Speaker Verification (SASV) challenge is designed and held to promote development of systems that can perform ASV considering spoofing attacks by integrating ASV and spoofing countermeasure (CM) systems. In this paper, we propose two back-end systems: multi-layer perceptron score fusion model (MSFM) and integrated embedding projector (IEP). The MSFM, score fusion back-end system, derived SASV score utilizing ASV and CM scores and embeddings. On the other hand,IEP combines ASV and CM embeddings into SASV embedding and calculates final SASV score based on the cosine similarity. We effectively integrated ASV and CM systems through proposed MSFM and IEP and achieved the SASV equal error rates 0.56%, 1.32% on the official evaluation trials of the SASV 2022 challenge.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, accepted to 2022 Interspeech as a conference paper
Use of combined scaling of real seismic records to obtain code-compliant sets of accelerograms: application for the city of Bucharest
Creators: name: Craifaleanu, Iolanda-Gabriela
name: Borcia, Ioan Sorin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently proposed method for scaling real accelerograms to obtain sets of code-compliant records is assessed. The method, which uses combined time and amplitude scaling, corroborated with an imposed value of an instrumental, Arias type intensity, allows the generation of sets of accelerograms for which the values of the mean response spectrum for a given period range are not less than 90% of the elastic response spectrum specified by the code. The method, which is compliant with both for the Romanian seismic code, P100-1/2006, and Eurocode 8, was described in previous papers. Based on dynamic analyses of single-degree-of freedom (SDOF) and of multi degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems, a detailed application and assessment of the method is performed, for the case of the long corner period design spectrum in Bucharest. Conclusions are drawn on the advantages of the method, as well as on its potential improvement in the future.
description: http://constructii.incerc2004.ro/Archive/2012-2/Constructii_2012_Vol.13_No.2_ID2012130206.pdf
A Survey on Evolutionary Computation for Computer Vision and Image Analysis: Past, Present, and Future Trends
Creators: name: Bi, Ying
name: Xue, Bing
name: Mesejo, Pablo
name: Cagnoni, Stefano
name: Zhang, Mengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computer vision (CV) is a big and important field in artificial intelligence covering a wide range of applications. Image analysis is a major task in CV aiming to extract, analyse and understand the visual content of images. However, image-related tasks are very challenging due to many factors, e.g., high variations across images, high dimensionality, domain expertise requirement, and image distortions. Evolutionary computation (EC) approaches have been widely used for image analysis with significant achievement. However, there is no comprehensive survey of existing EC approaches to image analysis. To fill this gap, this paper provides a comprehensive survey covering all essential EC approaches to important image analysis tasks including edge detection, image segmentation, image feature analysis, image classification, object detection, and others. This survey aims to provide a better understanding of evolutionary computer vision (ECV) by discussing the contributions of different approaches and exploring how and why EC is used for CV and image analysis. The applications, challenges, issues, and trends associated to this research field are also discussed and summarised to provide further guidelines and opportunities for future research.
description: Conditionally accepted by IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Universal Gröbner Bases for Binary Linear Codes
Creators: name: Dück, Natalia
name: Zimmermann, Karl-Heinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P10, 94B05

description: Each linear code can be described by a code ideal given as the sum of a toric ideal and a non-prime ideal. In this way, several concepts from the theory of toric ideals can be translated into the setting of code ideals. It will be shown that after adjusting some of these concepts, the same inclusion relationship between the set of circuits, the universal Gröbner basis and the Graver basis holds. Furthermore, in the case of binary linear codes, the universal Gröbner basis will consist of all binomials which correspond to codewords that satisfy the Singleton bound and a particular rank condition. This will give rise to a new class of binary linear codes denoted as Singleton codes.
description: Accepted for publication in IJPAM
Ion-mediated RNA structural collapse: effect of spatial confinement
Creators: name: Tan, Zhi-Jie
name: Chen, Shi-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: RNAs are negatively charged molecules residing in macromolecular crowding cellular environments. Macromolecular confinement can influence the ion effects in RNA folding. In this work, using the recently developed tightly bound ion model for ion fluctuation and correlation, we investigate the confinement effect on the ion-mediated RNA structural collapse for a simple model system. We found that, for both Na$^+$ and Mg$^{2+}$, ion efficiencies in mediating structural collapse/folding are significantly enhanced by the structural confinement. Such an enhancement in the ion efficiency is attributed to the decreased electrostatic free energy difference between the compact conformation ensemble and the (restricted) extended conformation ensemble due to the spatial restriction.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Non-uniform central airways ventilation model based on vascular segmentation
Creators: name: Rona, Aldo
name: Ibrahim, Gihad
name: Hainsworth, Sarah V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 91501 Computational Fluid Dynamics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Improvements in the understanding of the physiology of the central airways require an appropriate representation of the non-uniform ventilation at its terminal branches. This paper proposes a new technique for estimating the non-uniform ventilation at the terminal branches by modelling the volume change of their distal peripheral airways, based on vascular segmentation. The vascular tree is used for sectioning the dynamic CT-based 3D volume of the lung at 11 time points over the breathing cycle of a research animal. Based on the mechanical coupling between the vascular tree and the remaining lung tissues, the volume change of each individual lung segment over the breathing cycle was used to estimate the non-uniform ventilation of its associated terminal branch. The 3D lung sectioning technique was validated on an airway cast model of the same animal pruned to represent the truncated dynamic CT based airway geometry. The results showed that the 3D lung sectioning technique was able to estimate the volume of the missing peripheral airways within a tolerance of 2%. In addition, the time-varying non-uniform ventilation distribution predicted by the proposed sectioning technique was validated against CT measurements of lobar ventilation and showed good agreement. This significant modelling advance can be used to estimate subject-specific non-uniform boundary conditions to obtain subject- specific numerical models of the central airway flow.
Dynamics of He++ ions at interplanetary and Earth's bow shocks
Creators: name: Sapunova, Olga V.
name: Borodkova, Natalia L.
name: Zastenker, Georgii N.
name: Yermolaev, Yuri I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental investigations of the fine plasma structure of interplanetary shocks are extremely difficult to conduct due to their small thickness and high speed relative to the spacecraft. We study the variations in the parameters of twice-ionized helium ions (4He++ ions or α-particles) in the solar wind plasma during the passage of interplanetary shocks and Earth's bow shock. We use data with high time resolution gathered by the BMSW (Bright Monitor of Solar Wind) instrument installed on the SPEKTR-R satellite, which operated between August 2011 and 2019. The MHD parameters of He++ ions (the bulk velocity Va, temperature Ta, absolute density Na, and helium abundance Na/Np) are analyzed for 20 interplanetary shocks and compared with similar parameters for 25 Earth's bow shock crossings. Measurements from the WIND, Cluster and THEMIS satellites were also analyzed. The correlations in the changes in helium abundance Na/Np with the parameters β_{i}, θ_{Bn} and M_{ms} were investigated. A correlation between Na/Np and the angle θ_{Bn} was found: the lower the value of θ_{Bn}, the greater the drop in helium abundance Na/Np falls behind the IP shock front. For Earth's bow shock crossings, we found a significant increase in the helium abundance Na/Np in quasi-perpendicular events.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
A single $T$-gate makes distribution learning hard
Creators: name: Hinsche, Marcel
name: Ioannou, Marios
name: Nietner, Alexander
name: Haferkamp, Jonas
name: Quek, Yihui
name: Hangleiter, Dominik
name: Seifert, Jean-Pierre
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Sweke, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The task of learning a probability distribution from samples is ubiquitous across the natural sciences. The output distributions of local quantum circuits form a particularly interesting class of distributions, of key importance both to quantum advantage proposals and a variety of quantum machine learning algorithms. In this work, we provide an extensive characterization of the learnability of the output distributions of local quantum circuits. Our first result yields insight into the relationship between the efficient learnability and the efficient simulatability of these distributions. Specifically, we prove that the density modelling problem associated with Clifford circuits can be efficiently solved, while for depth $d=n^{Ω(1)}$ circuits the injection of a single $T$-gate into the circuit renders this problem hard. This result shows that efficient simulatability does not imply efficient learnability. Our second set of results provides insight into the potential and limitations of quantum generative modelling algorithms. We first show that the generative modelling problem associated with depth $d=n^{Ω(1)}$ local quantum circuits is hard for any learning algorithm, classical or quantum. As a consequence, one cannot use a quantum algorithm to gain a practical advantage for this task. We then show that, for a wide variety of the most practically relevant learning algorithms -- including hybrid-quantum classical algorithms -- even the generative modelling problem associated with depth $d=ω(\log(n))$ Clifford circuits is hard. This result places limitations on the applicability of near-term hybrid quantum-classical generative modelling algorithms.
description: 5+12 pages, 3 figures
Hyperbolic Timbre Embedding for Musical Instrument Sound Synthesis Based on Variational Autoencoders
Creators: name: Nakashima, Futa
name: Nakamura, Tomohiko
name: Takamune, Norihiro
name: Fukayama, Satoru
name: Saruwatari, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we propose a musical instrument sound synthesis (MISS) method based on a variational autoencoder (VAE) that has a hierarchy-inducing latent space for timbre. VAE-based MISS methods embed an input signal into a low-dimensional latent representation that captures the characteristics of the input. Adequately manipulating this representation leads to sound morphing and timbre replacement. Although most VAE-based MISS methods seek a disentangled representation of pitch and timbre, how to capture an underlying structure in timbre remains an open problem. To address this problem, we focus on the fact that musical instruments can be hierarchically classified on the basis of their physical mechanisms. Motivated by this hierarchy, we propose a VAE-based MISS method by introducing a hyperbolic space for timbre. The hyperbolic space can represent treelike data more efficiently than the Euclidean space owing to its exponential growth property. Results of experiments show that the proposed method provides an efficient latent representation of timbre compared with the method using the Euclidean space.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference 2022
Counting Strings, Wound and Bound
Creators: name: Ashok, Sujay K.
name: Nampuri, Suresh
name: Troost, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze zero mode counting problems for Dirac operators that find their origin in string theory backgrounds. A first class of quantum mechanical models for which we compute the number of ground states arises from a string winding an isometric direction in a geometry, taking into account its energy due to tension. Alternatively, the models arise from deforming marginal bound states of a string winding a circle, and moving in an orthogonal geometry. After deformation, the number of bound states is again counted by the zero modes of a Dirac operator. We count these bound states in even dimensional asymptotically linear dilaton backgrounds as well as in Euclidean Taub-NUT. We show multiple pole behavior in the fugacities keeping track of a U(1) charge. We also discuss a second class of counting problems that arises when these backgrounds are deformed via the application of a heterotic duality transformation. We discuss applications of our results to Appell-Lerch sums and the counting of domain wall bound states.
description: 38 pages
A note on unique continuation for discrete harmonic functions
Creators: name: Guadie, Maru
name: Malinnikova, Eugenia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N22, 65N12, 35J05

description: In this note we give a quantitative version of the following simple observation: a discrete harmonic function on the lattice may vanish at each point of a large cube without being zero identically, at the same time there is a version of three balls theorem for discrete harmonic functions since they resemble continuous ones on large scales.
IBP reduction via Gröbner bases in a rational double-shift algebra
Creators: name: Barakat, Mohamed
name: Brüser, Robin
name: Huber, Tobias
name: Piclum, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an approach to integration-by-parts reduction based on Gröbner bases. We establish the underlying noncommutative rational double-shift algebra wherein the integration-by-parts relations form a left ideal. We describe in detail the one-loop massless box as an example where we achieved the full reduction to master integrals by means of the Gröbner basis approach, and report on the performance of the implementation. We also identify potential bottlenecks in more complicated examples and elaborate on interesting further directions.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the proceedings of "Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory - LL2022, 25-30 April, 2022, Ettal, Germany''. v2: Minor revision, reference added
Spectroscopy of Solar Prominences Simultaneously from Space and Ground
Creators: name: Stellmacher, G.
name: Wiehr, E.
name: Dammasch, I. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive set of spectral data from two quiescent solar prominences observed in parallel from space and ground: with the VTT, simultaneous two-dimensional imaging of H-beta 4862 and Ca II 8542 yields a constant ratio, indicating small spatial pressure variations over the prominences. With the Gregory, simultaneous spectra of Ca II 8542 and He I 10830 were taken, their widths yielding 8000< T_kin< 9000 K and v_nth<8 km/s. The intensity ratio of the helium triplet components gives an optical thickness of tau < 1.0 for the fainter and tau < 2.0 for the brighter prominence. The tau_0 values allow to deduce the source function for the central line intensities and thus the relative population of the helium 3S and 3P levels with a mean excitation temperature T_ex = 3750 K. With SUMER, we sequentially observed 6 spectral windows containing higher Lyman lines, 'cool' emission lines from neutrals and singly charged atoms, as well as 'hot' emission lines from ions like O IV, O V, N V, S V and S VI. The EUV lines show pronounced maxima in the main prominence body as well as 'side-locations' where the 'hot' lines are enhanced with respect to the 'cool' lines. The line radiance of 'hot' lines blue-wards of the Lyman series limit (lambda<912 A) appear reduced in the main prominence body. This absorption is also visible in TRACE images of Fe IX/X 171 as fine dark structure which covers only parts of the main ('cool') prominence body. The Lyman lines show a smooth decrease of line widths and radiance with increasing upper level k = 5 through 19. For k= 5 through 8 the level population follows a Boltzmann distribution with T_ex >6 *10^4 K; higher levels k > 8 appear more and more overpopulated. The larger widths of the Lyman lines require high non-thermal broadening close to that of 'hot' EUV lines. In contrast, the He II emission is more related to the 'cool' lines.
description: 12 figures, 3 tables
Density-functional theory for the spin-1 bosons in a one-dimensional harmonic trap
Creators: name: Wang, Hongmei
name: Zhang, Yunbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the density-functional theory for one-dimensional harmonically trapped spin-1 bosons in the ground state with repulsive density-density interaction and anti-ferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction. The density distributions of spin singlet paired bosons and polarized bosons with different total polarization for various interaction parameters are obtained by solving the Kohn-Sham equations which are derived based on the local density approximation and the Bethe ansatz exact results for homogeneous system. Non-monotonicity of the central densities is attributed to the competition between the density interaction and spin-exchange. The results reveal the phase separation of the paired and polarized bosons, the density profiles of which respectively approach the Tonks-Girardeau gases of Bose-Bose pairs and scalar bosons in the case of strong interaction. We give the R-P phase diagram at strong interaction and find the critical polarization, which paves the way to direct observe the exotic singlet pairing in spinor gas experimentally.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted
BiFold: A Python code for the calculation of double folded (bifold) potentials with density-in/dependent nucleon-nucleon interactions
Creators: name: Karakoç, Mesut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BiFold calculates the density-dependent (DDM3Y$n$, BDM3Y$n$, CDM3Y$n$) or independent double folded potentials between two colliding spherical nuclei. It is written in a Python package form to give the ability to use the potentials directly in a nuclear reaction/structure code. In addition to using Woods-Saxon/Fermi or Gaussian functions, the code also allows for the definition of nuclear matter densities using pre-calculated densities in a data file. The manuscript provides an overview of the double folding model and the use of the code.
description: https://github.com/mkarakoc/BiFold
Anisotropic flow of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV measured with ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Noferini, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the elliptic and triangular flow measurements for a number of hadrons including charged pions, and (anti-)protons, as well as those with strangeness content: kaons, ${\rm ϕ}$-meson, ${\rm K^0_s}$, ${\rm Λ/\barΛ}$, ${\rm Ξ}$, and ${\rm Ω}$. The results reported cover mid--rapidity, $|η|<0.8$, and a wide, $0.2 < p_{\rm T} < 16$ GeV/$c$, transverse momentum range for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. The mass splitting and the scaling properties of the elliptic flow with the number of constituent quarks and the particle transverse mass are studied as a function of collision centrality. The results are ompared to RHIC measurements and to hydrodynamic model predictions.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, Qaurk Matter 2012 cnference proceedings to be pubblished in Nuclear Physics A
Genetic Programming-Based Evolutionary Deep Learning for Data-Efficient Image Classification
Creators: name: Bi, Ying
name: Xue, Bing
name: Zhang, Mengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data-efficient image classification is a challenging task that aims to solve image classification using small training data. Neural network-based deep learning methods are effective for image classification, but they typically require large-scale training data and have major limitations such as requiring expertise to design network architectures and having poor interpretability. Evolutionary deep learning is a recent hot topic that combines evolutionary computation with deep learning. However, most evolutionary deep learning methods focus on evolving architectures of neural networks, which still suffer from limitations such as poor interpretability. To address this, this paper proposes a new genetic programming-based evolutionary deep learning approach to data-efficient image classification. The new approach can automatically evolve variable-length models using many important operators from both image and classification domains. It can learn different types of image features from colour or gray-scale images, and construct effective and diverse ensembles for image classification. A flexible multi-layer representation enables the new approach to automatically construct shallow or deep models/trees for different tasks and perform effective transformations on the input data via multiple internal nodes. The new approach is applied to solve five image classification tasks with different training set sizes. The results show that it achieves better performance in most cases than deep learning methods for data-efficient image classification. A deep analysis shows that the new approach has good convergence and evolves models with high interpretability, different lengths/sizes/shapes, and good transferability.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Functional architecture of M1 cells encoding movement direction
Creators: name: Mazzetti, Caterina
name: Sarti, Alessandro
name: Citti, Giovanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this paper we propose a neurogeometrical model of the behaviour of cells of the arm area of the primary motor cortex (M1). We will mathematically express as a fiber bundle the hypercolumnar organization of this cortical area, first modelled by Georgopoulos in \cite{georgopoulos1982relations, georgopoulos2015columnar}. On this structure, we will consider the selective tuning of M1 neurons of kinematic variables of positions and directions of movement. We will then extend this model to encode the notion of fragments introduced by Hatsopoulos \cite{Encoding} which describes the selectivity of neurons to movement direction varying in time. This leads to consider a higher dimensional geometrical structure where fragments are represented as integral curves. A comparison with the curves obtained through numerical simulations and experimental data will be presented. Moreover, neural activity shows coherent behaviours represented in terms of movement trajectories pointing to a specific pattern of movement decomposition \cite{kadmon2019movement}. Here, we will recover this pattern through a spectral clustering algorithm in the subriemannian structure we introduced, and compare our results with the neurophysiological one of \cite{kadmon2019movement}.
$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric strings
Creators: name: Amore, Paolo
name: Fernández, Francisco M.
name: Garcia, Javier
name: Gutierrez, German
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study both analytically and numerically the spectrum of inhomogeneous strings with $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric density. We discuss an exactly solvable model of $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric string which is isospectral to the uniform string; for more general strings, we calculate exactly the sum rules $Z(p) \equiv \sum_{n=1}^\infty 1/E_n^p$, with $p=1,2,\dots$ and find explicit expressions which can be used to obtain bounds on the lowest eigenvalue. A detailed numerical calculation is carried out for two non-solvable models depending on a parameter, obtaining precise estimates of the critical values where pair of real eigenvalues become complex.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Te Reo Karanga o Matangireia - The sacred call of leadership: Wahine Maori perspectives of leadership in early childhood education and the denial of the sacred Karanga of leadership by the persistence of colonisation in mainstream early childhood services in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Creators: name: ARMSTRONG-READ, ARVAY HINEMOA
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Early childhood education

description: This doctoral research presents the perspectives of Wahine Maori who are leaders in mainstream early childhood services in Aotearoa New Zealand. In particular, this research study serves to advance the aspirations and capacity of Maori leaders in early childhood education. The study delves into discussions of early childhood educational leadership that highlight representation, social justice, equity, and racism and the forms of knowledge that inform leadership theory and practice within early childhood education.
Time complexity analysis of quantum algorithms via linear representations for nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations
Creators: name: Jin, Shi
name: Liu, Nana
name: Yu, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct quantum algorithms to compute the solution and/or physical observables of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi equations (HJE) via linear representations or exact mappings between nonlinear ODEs/HJE and linear partial differential equations (the Liouville equation and the Koopman-von Neumann equation). The connection between the linear representations and the original nonlinear system is established through the Dirac delta function or the level set mechanism. We compare the quantum linear systems algorithms based methods and the quantum simulation methods arising from different numerical approximations, including the finite difference discretisations and the Fourier spectral discretisations for the two different linear representations, with the result showing that the quantum simulation methods usually give the best performance in time complexity. We also propose the Schrödinger framework to solve the Liouville equation for the HJE with the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics, since it can be recast as the semiclassical limit of the Wigner transform of the Schrödinger equation. Comparsion between the Schrödinger and the Liouville framework will also be made.
description: This paper is published in Journal of Computational Physics, 487: 112149, 2023
Deformations of Instanton Metrics
Creators: name: Bielawski, Roger
name: Borchard, Yannic
name: Cherkis, Sergey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C26, 53C28, 81T13

description: We discuss a class of bow varieties which can be viewed as Taub-NUT deformations of moduli spaces of instantons on noncommutative $\mathbb R^4$. Via the generalized Legendre transform, we find the Kähler potential on each of these spaces.<
Hierarchical Model-Based Imitation Learning for Planning in Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Bronstein, Eli
name: Palatucci, Mark
name: Notz, Dominik
name: White, Brandyn
name: Kuefler, Alex
name: Lu, Yiren
name: Paul, Supratik
name: Nikdel, Payam
name: Mougin, Paul
name: Chen, Hongge
name: Fu, Justin
name: Abrams, Austin
name: Shah, Punit
name: Racah, Evan
name: Frenkel, Benjamin
name: Whiteson, Shimon
name: Anguelov, Dragomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We demonstrate the first large-scale application of model-based generative adversarial imitation learning (MGAIL) to the task of dense urban self-driving. We augment standard MGAIL using a hierarchical model to enable generalization to arbitrary goal routes, and measure performance using a closed-loop evaluation framework with simulated interactive agents. We train policies from expert trajectories collected from real vehicles driving over 100,000 miles in San Francisco, and demonstrate a steerable policy that can navigate robustly even in a zero-shot setting, generalizing to synthetic scenarios with novel goals that never occurred in real-world driving. We also demonstrate the importance of mixing closed-loop MGAIL losses with open-loop behavior cloning losses, and show our best policy approaches the performance of the expert. We evaluate our imitative model in both average and challenging scenarios, and show how it can serve as a useful prior to plan successful trajectories.
description: IROS 2022
Universality and critical behavior in the chiral two-matrix model
Creators: name: Delvaux, Steven
name: Geudens, Dries
name: Zhang, Lun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the chiral two-matrix model with polynomial potential functions $V$ and $W$, which was introduced by Akemann, Damgaard, Osborn and Splittorff. We show that the squared singular values of each of the individual matrices in this model form a determinantal point process with correlation kernel determined by a matrix-valued Riemann-Hilbert problem. The size of the Riemann-Hilbert matrix depends on the degree of the potential function $W$ (or $V$ respectively). In this way we obtain the chiral analogue of a result of Kuijlaars-McLaughlin for the non-chiral two-matrix model. The Gaussian case corresponds to $V,W$ being linear. For the case where $W(y)=y^2/2+αy$ is quadratic, we derive the large $n$-asymptotics of the Riemann-Hilbert problem by means of the Deift-Zhou steepest descent method. This proves universality in this case. An important ingredient in the analysis is a third-order differential equation. Finally we show that if also $V(x)=x$ is linear, then a multi-critical limit of the kernel exists which is described by a $4\times 4$ matrix-valued Riemann-Hilbert problem associated to the Painlevé II equation $q"(x) = xq(x)+2q^3(x)-ν-1/2$. In this way we obtain the chiral analogue of a recent result by Duits and the second author.
description: 70 pages, 10 figures
A decomposition formula for the weighted commutator
Creators: name: Martins-Ferreira, Nelson
name: Van der Linden, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E10, 08A30

description: We decompose the weighted subobject commutator of M. Gran, G. Janelidze and A. Ursini as a join of a binary and a ternary commutator.
description: 7 pages. Dedicated to George Janelidze on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday
Collection connections: a library vignette on democratization of aquatic science knowledge
Creators: name: Whitmire, Amanda
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Collections as data
subject: Digital collections
subject: Linked data
subject: Wikidata
subject: Biodiversity

description: The central theme weaving through several topics in this presentation will be connection. As the international community works toward creating better frameworks for connecting ocean science with the needs of society, there is a role for information professionals in democratizing the creation of, and access to, ocean knowledge. Since the advent of print as an information sharing medium, the creation of content and access to it have been mediated and inequitable. The arrival of the Internet has radically shifted the dynamics of information transfer by creating opportunities for anyone with access to share and receive content. In this presentation, I’ll discuss why and how I’ve moved towards a curatorial approach that reframes library collections as data. I’ll also draw connections between computationally accessible library collections, open knowledge bases like WikiData and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and the broader open biodiversity knowledge graph. There is a wide range of actions librarians can be engaged in to make our collections more connected, discoverable and useful. The goals of my presentation are to share examples of how one marine science library is creating collections that are open and computationally ready, and to continue to build a community of practice within the IAMSLIC community that is centered on equitable access to aquatic knowledge.
The Neoplasia as embryological phenomenon and its implication in the animal evolution and the origin of cancer. I. A presentation of the neoplastic process and its connection with cell fusion and germline formation
Creators: name: Cofre, Jaime
name: Saalfeld, Kay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decisive role of Embryology in understanding the evolution of animal forms is founded and deeply rooted in the history of science. It is recognized that the emergence of multicellularity would not have been possible without the formation of the first embryo. We speculate that biophysical phenomena and the surrounding environment of the Ediacaran ocean were instrumental in co-opting a neoplastic functional module (NFM) within the nucleus of the first zygote. Thus, the neoplastic process, understood here as a biological phenomenon with profound embryologic implications, served as the evolutionary engine that favored the formation of the first embryo and cancerous diseases and allowed to coherently create and recreate body shapes in different animal groups during evolution. In this article, we provide a deep reflection on the Physics of the first embryogenesis and its contribution to the exaptation of additional NFM components, such as the extracellular matrix. Knowledge of NFM components, structure, dynamics, and origin advances our understanding of the numerous possibilities and different innovations that embryos have undergone to create animal forms via Neoplasia during evolutionary radiation. The developmental pathways of Neoplasia have their origins in ctenophores and were consolidated in mammals and other apical groups.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures, Keywords: Cancer; Neoplasia; Evolution; Embryology; Metazoa; Unicellular Holozoa; Evolutionary radiation; Co-option
Bayesian Inference of Natural Rankings in Incomplete Competition Networks
Creators: name: Park, Juyong
name: Yook, Soon-Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Competition between a complex system's constituents and a corresponding reward mechanism based on it have profound influence on the functioning, stability, and evolution of the system. But determining the dominance hierarchy or ranking among the constituent parts from the strongest to the weakest -- essential in determining reward or penalty -- is almost always an ambiguous task due to the incomplete nature of competition networks. Here we introduce ``Natural Ranking," a desirably unambiguous ranking method applicable to a complete (full) competition network, and formulate an analytical model based on the Bayesian formula inferring the expected mean and error of the natural ranking of nodes from an incomplete network. We investigate its potential and uses in solving issues in ranking by applying to a real-world competition network of economic and social importance.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures