Rhinolophus damarensis Roberts 1946
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus damarensis

description: 25. Damare Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus damarensis</i> French: <i>Rhinolophe damara</i> / <b>German:</b> Damara-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura de Damara Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus darlingi damarensis</i> Roberts, 1946, “ Oserikari, Okahandja district, South-west Africa [= Damaraland, Namibia]. ” Although currently considered in the <i>ferrumequinum</i> species group, <i>R damarensis</i> has been recovered as sister to the <i>fumigatus</i> group; additional phylogenetic research is needed. <i>Rhinolophus damarensis</i> was <i>previously</i> included as a subspecies of <i>R darlingi</i> but is <i>now</i> recognized as a distinct species based on molecular and morphological evidence. There seems to be morphological and molecular variation between northern and southern populations. <i>Monotypic</i>. Distribution. SW Angola, Namibia, and W &amp; <i>C</i> South Africa. Descriptive <b>notes</b>. Head-body c.61- 6-64 mm, tail 21- 4-35 mm, ear 15-2-22- 3 mm, forearm 44-52- 9 mm; weight 8-14 g. The Damara Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> is externally similar to Darling’s Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> (<i>AE darlingi).</i> Dorsal pelage is gray, brownish gray, or grayish brown; venter is paler. There is no orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are short. Noseleaf has large subtriangular lancet, with slighdy concave sides and blundy pointed dp; connecting process is smoothly rounded and subequal to height of sella or slighdy shorter; sella is naked, with concave sides and broad, rounded tip; and horseshoe is of medium width at 7-11 mm, <i>nearly</i> covers muzzle, and has lateral leaflets and deep median emargination. Lower lip has one medial groove. Wings and uropatagium are translucent gray to black. Baculum has short, dorso-ventrally flattened basal cone, with dorsal and ventral incisions, and sides of shaft are generally more convex before tapering to a point. Skull is robust, with thick zygomatic arches (zygomatic width is larger than mastoid width); nasal swellings are medium in relative height; frontal depression is shallow to moderately deep, and supraorbital ridges are well defined; sagittal crest is somewhat well developed anteriorly but <i>weakly</i> developed to absent <i>posteriorly</i>; and interpterygoid groove is conspicuous. P2 is small and <i>completely</i> displaced labially or absent, allowing <i>C</i> 1 and P4 to touch; P3 is tiny and completely displaced labially or absent; and P2 and P4 are in contact. Dental formula is variable: 11/2, <i>C</i> 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30; 11/2, C 1/1, P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 28; I 1/2, <i>C</i> 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32; or 11/2, C 1/1, P 1/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. <b>Habitat.</b> Arid savanna, <i>Succulent</i> and Nama Karoo biomes, shrublands, and desert habitats. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. Damara Horseshoe Bats are insectivorous. Breeding. Reproduction of the Damara Horseshoe Bat is probably similar to that of Darling’s Horseshoe Bat, but no specific data are available. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Damara Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal. They mainly roost in caves, but they have been found in abandoned mine shafts. Call shape is FM/CF/FM, F component is 84-4-87-6 kHz in females and 84-4-86-9 kHz in males, and call duration has been recorded averaging 31-1 milliseconds. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> The Damara Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> is social and forms colonies of less than 100 individuals. <b>Status and</b> Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on 77 <i>ie</i> IUCN <i>ed List.</i> The Damara Horseshoe Bat is widespread but might be threatened by habitat destruction and mining. <b>Bibliography.</b> ACR (2018), <i>Cotterill</i> &amp; Happold (2013a), Jacobs, Babiker <i>eta</i> /. (2013), Jacobs, Bastian &amp; Bam (2014), Jacobs, Taylor <i>et</i> al. (2016), Maluleke (2017), Maluleke <i>et</i> al. (2017), Monadjem, Higgins et al. (2008), Monadjem, Jacobs, <i>Taylor</i> et al. (2017), Monadjem, Taylor <i>et</i> al. (2010).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 293, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525