cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variability in objective and subjective measures affects baseline values in studies of patients with COPD
Creators: name: Tashkin, Donald
name: Doerschuk, Claire M.
name: Kleerup, Eric C.
name: Drummond, M Bradley
name: Ha, Jae Wook
name: Martinez, Fernando J.
name: Carretta, Elizabeth E.
name: Rennard, Stephen I.
name: Kim, Victor
name: Hansel, Nadia N.
name: Bleecker, Eugene R.
name: Anderson, Wayne H.
name: Cooper, Christopher B.
name: Barr, R. Graham
name: Kanner, Richard E.
name: Paine, Robert
name: Han, MeiLan K.
name: Curtis, Jeffrey L.
name: Couper, David J.
name: Woodruff, Prescott G.
name: O’Neal, Wanda K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Understanding the reliability and repeatability of clinical measurements used in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of disease progression is of critical importance across all disciplines of clinical practice and in clinical trials to assess therapeutic efficacy and safety.
Orbital period changes and the higher-order multiplicity fraction amongst SuperWASP eclipsing binaries
Creators: name: Lohr, M. E.
name: Norton, A. J.
name: Payne, S. G.
name: West, R. G.
name: Wheatley, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbital period changes of binary stars may be caused by the presence of a third massive body in the system. Here we have searched the archive of the Wide Angle Search for Planets (SuperWASP) project for evidence of period variations in 13927 eclipsing binary candidates. Sinusoidal period changes, strongly suggestive of third bodies, were detected in 2% of cases; however, linear period changes were observed in a further 22% of systems. We argue on distributional grounds that the majority of these apparently linear changes are likely to reflect longer-term sinusoidal period variations caused by third bodies, and thus estimate a higher-order multiplicity fraction of 24% for SuperWASP binaries, in good agreement with other recent figures for the fraction of triple systems amongst binary stars in general.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures (24 pages including appendices to be published at the CDS), accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
A symmetry preserving contact interaction treatment of the kaon
Creators: name: Xing, Zanbin
name: Chang, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A symmetry-preserving regularization procedure for dealing with the contact interaction model is proposed in this work. This regularization procedure follows a series of consistency conditions which are necessary to maintain gauge symmetry. Under this regularization, proofs for the preservation of the Ward-Takahashi identities are given and the loop integrals in the contact interaction model are systematically computed. As an application example, the kaon electromagnetic form factor and $K_{l3}$ transition form factor are computed and self-consistent results are obtained. Since the proposed regularization properly handles the divergence, one is freed from the inconsistencies caused by the regularization and can concentrate more on the physical discussion.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
GreenOracle: Estimating Software Energy Consumption with Energy Measurement Corpora
Creators: Chowdhury, S.
Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2016

Software energy consumption is a relatively new concern for mobile application developers. Poor energy performance can harm adoption and sales of applications. Unfortunately for the developers, the measurement of software energy consumption is expensive in terms of hardware and difficult in terms of expertise. Many prior models of software energy consumption assume that developers can use hardware instrumentation and thus cannot evaluate software running within emulators or virtual machines. Some prior models require actual energy measurements from the previous versions of applications in order to model the energy consumption of later versions of the same application.

In this paper, we take a big-data approach to software energy consumption and present a model that can estimate software energy consumption mostly within 10% error (in joules) and does not require the developer to train on energy measurements of their own applications. This model leverages a big-data approach whereby a collection of prior applications' energy measurements allows us to train, transmit, and apply the model to estimate any foreign application's energy consumption for a test run. Our model is based on the dynamic traces of system calls and CPU utilization.
Breakdown of heavy quasiparticles in a honeycomb Kondo lattice: A quantum Monte Carlo study
Creators: name: Raczkowski, Marcin
name: Danu, Bimla
name: Assaad, Fakher F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for the half-filled Kondo lattice model on the honeycomb lattice a Kondo breakdown occurs at small Kondo couplings $J_k$ within the magnetically ordered phase. Our conclusions are based on auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the so-called composite fermion spectral function. Within a U(1) gauge theory formulation of the Kondo model, it becomes apparent that a Higgs mechanism dictates the weight of the resonance in the spectral function. For the honeycomb lattice we observe that for small $J_k$ the quasiparticle pole gives way to incoherent spectral weight but it remains well defined for the square lattice. Our result provides an explicit example where the magnetic transition and the breakdown of heavy quasiparticles are detached as observed in Yb(Rh$_{0.93}$Co$_{0.07}$)$_2$Si$_2$ [Friedemann et al., Nat. Phys. \textbf{5}, 465 (2009)].
description: 6.5 pages, 5 figures plus supplemental material (11 pages, 9 figures)
'Well, It's the Risk of the Unknown… Right?': A Qualitative Study of Perceived Risks and Benefits of HIV Cure Research in the United States
Creators: name: Dubé, Karine
name: Evans, David
name: Sylla, Laurie
name: Skinner, Asheley
name: Taylor, Jeff
name: Willenberg, Loreen
name: Dee, Lynda
name: Weiner, Bryan J.
name: Burton, Alasdair
name: Greene, Sandra B.
name: Rennie, Stuart
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Biomedical research towards an HIV cure is advancing in the United States and elsewhere, yet little is known about perceptions of risks and benefits among potential study participants and other stakeholders. We conducted a qualitative study to explore perceived risks and benefits of investigational HIV cure research among people living with HIV (PLWHIV), biomedical HIV cure researchers, policy-makers and bioethicists.
Towards a Data-Driven Requirements Engineering Approach: Automatic Analysis of User Reviews
Creators: name: Wei, Jialiang
name: Courbis, Anne-Lise
name: Lambolais, Thomas
name: Xu, Binbin
name: Bernard, Pierre Louis
name: Dray, Gérard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We are concerned by Data Driven Requirements Engineering, and in particular the consideration of user's reviews. These online reviews are a rich source of information for extracting new needs and improvement requests. In this work, we provide an automated analysis using CamemBERT, which is a state-of-the-art language model in French. We created a multi-label classification dataset of 6000 user reviews from three applications in the Health & Fitness field. The results are encouraging and suggest that it's possible to identify automatically the reviews concerning requests for new features. Dataset is available at: https://github.com/Jl-wei/APIA2022-French-user-reviews-classification-dataset.
description: 7th National Conference on Practical Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2022. Saint-\'Etienne, France. article in English and French, 4 pages each
Quasinormal ringing of regular black holes in asymptotically safe gravity: the importance of overtones
Creators: name: Konoplya, R. A.
name: Zinhailo, A. F.
name: Kunz, J.
name: Stuchlik, Z.
name: Zhidenko, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymptotically safe gravity is based on the idea that the main contribution to the Schwarzschild-like black hole spacetime is due to the value of the gravitational coupling which depends on the distance from the origin and approaches its classical value in the far zone. However, at some stage this approach has an arbitrariness of choice of some identification parameter. The two cases of identification are considered here: first, by the modified proper length (the Bonanno-Reuter metric), and second, by the Kretschmann scalar (the metric for this case coincides, up to the redefinition of constants, with the Hayward metric). Even though the quasinormal modes of these metrics have been extensively studied, a number of interesting points were missed. We have found that quasinormal modes are qualitatively similar for both types of identification. The deviation of the fundamental mode from its Schwarzschild limit may be a few times larger than it was claimed in the previous studies. The striking deviation from the Schwarzschild limit occurs for overtones, being as large as hundreds of percent even when the fundamental mode is almost coinciding with the Schwarzschild one. This happens because the above metrics are very close to the Schwarzschild one everywhere, except a small region near the event horizon, which is crucial for overtones. The spectrum of both metrics contains purely imaginary (non-oscillatory) modes, which, for some values of parameters, can appear already at the second overtone.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Client-Side Energy Efficiency of HTTP/2 for Web and Mobile App Developers
Creators: Chowdhury, S.
Sapra, V.
Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2016

Recent technological advancements have enabledmobile devices to provide mobile users with substantial capabilityand accessibility. Energy is evidently one of the most criticalresources for such devices, in spite of the substantial gain inpopularity of mobile devices, such as smartphones, their utilityis severely constrained by the bounded battery capacity. Mobileusers are very interested in accessing the Internet although it isone of the most expensive operations in terms of energy and cost. HTTP/2 has been proposed and accepted as the new standardfor supporting the World Wide Web. HTTP/2 is expected tooffer better performance, such as reduced page load time. Consequently, from the mobile users point of view, the question arises:does HTTP/2 offer improved energy consumption performanceachieving longer battery life?In this paper, we compare the energy consumption of HTTP/2with its predecessor (i.e., HTTP/1.1) using a variety of realworld and synthetic test scenarios. We also investigate howTransport Layer Security (TLS) impacts the energy consumptionof the mobile devices. Our study suggests that Round TripTime (RTT) is one of the biggest factors in deciding howadvantageous HTTP/2 is compared to HTTP/1.1. We concludethat for networks with higher RTTs, HTTP/2 has better energyconsumption performance than HTTP/1.1.
$\mathbf{O}(D,D)$ Covariant Noether Currents and Global Charges in Double Field Theory
Creators: name: Park, Jeong-Hyuck
name: Rey, Soo-Jong
name: Rim, Woohyun
name: Sakatani, Yuho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double field theory is an approach for massless modes of string theory, unifying and geometrizing all gauge invariance in manifest $\mathbf{O}(D,D)$ covariant manner. In this approach, we derive off-shell conserved Noether current and corresponding Noether potential associated with unified gauge invariance. We add Wald-type counter two-form to the Noether potential and define conserved global charges as surface integral. We check our $\mathbf{O}(D,D)$ covariant formula against various string backgrounds, both geometric and non-geometric. In all cases we examined, we find perfect agreements with previous results. Our formula facilitates to evaluate momenta along not only ordinary spacetime directions but also dual spacetime directions on equal footing. From this, we confirm recent assertion that null wave in doubled spacetime is the same as macroscopic fundamental string in ordinary spacetime.
description: v2) 1+42 pages, Refs added, minor changes. To appear in JHEP
Effective Landé factors of electrons and holes in lead chalcogenide nanocrystals
Creators: name: Avdeev, I. D.
name: Goupalov, S. V.
name: Nestoklon, M. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Landé or g-factors of charge carriers in solid state systems provide invaluable information about response of quantum states to external magnetic fields and are key ingredients in description of spin-dependent phenomena in nanostructures. We report on the comprehensive theoretical analysis of electron and hole g-factors in lead chalcogenide nanocrystals. By combining symmetry analysis, atomistic calculations, and extended k.p theory, we relate calculated linear-in-magnetic field energy splittings of confined electron states in nanocrystals to the intravalley g-factors of the multi-valley bulk materials, renormalized due to the quantum confinement. We demonstrate that this renormalization is correctly reproduced by analytical expressions derived in the framework of the extended k.p model.
Transferring human emotions to robot motions using Neural Policy Style Transfer
Creators: name: Fernandez-Fernandez, Raul
name: Łukawski, Bartek
name: Victores, Juan G.
name: Pacchierotti, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural Style Transfer (NST) was originally proposed to use feature extraction capabilities of Neural Networks as a way to perform Style Transfer with images. Pre-trained image classification architectures were selected for feature extraction, leading to new images showing the same content as the original but with a different style. In robotics, Style Transfer can be employed to transfer human motion styles to robot motions. The challenge lies in the lack of pre-trained classification architectures for robot motions that could be used for feature extraction. Neural Policy Style Transfer TD3 (NPST3) is proposed for the transfer of human motion styles to robot motions. This framework allows the same robot motion to be executed in different human-centered motion styles, such as in an angry, happy, calm, or sad fashion. The Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) network is introduced for the generation of control policies. An autoencoder network is in charge of feature extraction for the Style Transfer step. The Style Transfer step can be performed both offline and online: offline for the autonomous executions of human-style robot motions, and online for adapting at runtime the style of e.g., a teleoperated robot. The framework is tested using two different robotic platforms: a robotic manipulator designed for telemanipulation tasks, and a humanoid robot designed for social interaction. The proposed approach was evaluated for both platforms, performing a total of 147 questionnaires asking human subjects to recognize the human motion style transferred to the robot motion for a predefined set of actions.
Precision Machine Learning
Creators: name: Michaud, Eric J.
name: Liu, Ziming
name: Tegmark, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore unique considerations involved in fitting ML models to data with very high precision, as is often required for science applications. We empirically compare various function approximation methods and study how they scale with increasing parameters and data. We find that neural networks can often outperform classical approximation methods on high-dimensional examples, by auto-discovering and exploiting modular structures therein. However, neural networks trained with common optimizers are less powerful for low-dimensional cases, which motivates us to study the unique properties of neural network loss landscapes and the corresponding optimization challenges that arise in the high precision regime. To address the optimization issue in low dimensions, we develop training tricks which enable us to train neural networks to extremely low loss, close to the limits allowed by numerical precision.
Back-haul in 5G systems for developing countries: A Literature review*
Creators: name: Sawad, Inas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 100505 Microwave and Millimetrewave Theory and Technology
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 100508 Satellite Communications
subject: 100507 Optical Networks and Systems
subject: 109999 Technology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: The paper considers some of the challenges that face operators, investors, and providers when planning to introduce 5G technology to developing countries. The main focus of this paper is the 5G transport network, in particular, the backhaul network. This discuss the 5G transport network architectural options and scenarios based on several standards and previous studies, investigates the exist infrastructures of the developing countries and study the new proposed technologies that may help to eliminate that challenges
Why wait? The social determinants underlying tuberculosis diagnostic delay
Creators: name: Bonadonna, Lily Victoria
name: Zegarra, Roberto
name: Saunders, Matthew James
name: Alegria-Flores, Kei
name: Guio, Heinner
name: Evans, Carlton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis remain major global priorities for tuberculosis control. Few studies have used a qualitative approach to investigate the social determinants contributing to diagnostic delay and none have compared data collected from individual, community, and health-system levels. We aimed to characterize the social determinants that contribute to diagnostic delay among persons diagnosed with tuberculosis living in resource-constrained settings.
Analyzing the effects of test driven development in GitHub
Creators: Borle, N.C.
Feghhi, M.
Stroulia, E.
Greiner, R.
Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2017

Testing is an integral part of the software development lifecycle, approached with varying degrees of rigor by different process models. Agile process models recommend Test Driven Development (TDD) as a key practice for reducing costs and improving code quality. The objective of this work is to perform a cost-benefit analysis of this practice. To that end, we have conducted a comparative analysis of GitHub repositories that adopts TDD to a lesser or greater extent, in order to determine how TDD affects software development productivity and software quality. We classified GitHub repositories archived in 2015 in terms of how rigorously they practiced TDD, thus creating a TDD spectrum. We then matched and compared various subsets of these repositories on this TDD spectrum with control sets of equal size. The control sets were samples from all GitHub repositories that matched certain characteristics, and that contained at least one test file. We compared how the TDD sets differed from the control sets on the following characteristics: number of test files, average commit velocity, number of bug-referencing commits, number of issues recorded, usage of continuous integration, number of pull requests, and distribution of commits per author. We found that Java TDD projects were relatively rare. In addition, there were very few significant differences in any of the metrics we used to compare TDD-like and non-TDD projects; therefore, our results do not reveal any observable benefits from using TDD.
Descalarization by Quenching Charged Hairy Black Hole in asymptotically AdS spacetime
Creators: name: Chen, Qian
name: Ning, Zhuan
name: Tian, Yu
name: Wang, Bin
name: Zhang, Cheng-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the real-time dynamics of the charged hairy black hole with the time-dependent source of scalar field in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. The numerical results reveal a novel descalarization mechanism. In order to obtain the hairy black hole as the initial data for the quench process, we first analyze the quasi-normal modes of the massive complex scalar field on the Reissner-Nordström anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black hole background. We find the dominant unstable modes for large and small RN-AdS black holes come from the zero-damped modes and AdS modes, respectively. Then, the unstable RN-AdS black holes are perturbed to trigger the transition to hairy black holes. With the hairy black hole in hand, we specify a time dependent scalar source for the system. As the source is turned on, the electric charge, energy and scalar condensation of the system start to oscillate with the entropy increasing monotonically. Finally, with the decay of the scalar source, the system gradually settles down to a new state. Interestingly, the final state of the evolution could be a hairy black hole with less scalar condensation, a RN-AdS black hole or a Schwarzschild-AdS black hole, which depends on the quench strength. However, as long as the quench strength is large enough, the system always loses all the electric charge and converges to the Schwarzschild-AdS black hole.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures
Women and HIV in the United States
Creators: name: Westreich, Daniel
name: Adimora, Adaora A.
name: Breskin, Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The demographic and geographic characteristics of the HIV epidemic in the US has changed substantially since the disease emerged, with women in the South experiencing a particularly high HIV incidence. In this study, we identified and described counties in the US in which the prevalence of HIV is particularly high in women compared to men.
Gain of Grain: A Film Grain Handling Toolchain for VVC-based Open Implementations
Creators: name: Menon, Vignesh V
name: Wieckowski, Adam
name: Brandenburg, Jens
name: Bross, Benjamin
name: Schierl, Thomas
name: Marpe, Detlev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Film grain is a distinctive visual characteristic cherished by filmmakers and cinephiles for its ability to evoke nostalgia and artistic aesthetics. However, faithful preservation of film grain during encoding poses unique challenges. Film grain introduces random noise, complicating traditional compression techniques. Consequently, specialized algorithms and encoding strategies have emerged, aiming to strike a harmonious equilibrium. This paper delves into the nuanced realm of film grain handling in Versatile Video Coding (VVC) encoding. We explore the delicate balance between retaining the cinematic charm of film grain and achieving efficient compression. Moreover, we discuss the importance of perceptual quality assessment and adaptive encoding techniques in preserving film grain fidelity. Additionally, we delve into the impact of film grain handling on bitrate control and compression efficiency using VVenC, an open and optimized VVC encoder. Understanding the role of film grain and its nuanced treatment within encoders becomes increasingly pivotal for delivering high-quality, grain-inclusive content in the digital age.
description: 2024 Mile High Video (MHV)
Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in two-dimensional XXZ model with or without SU(2) symmetry
Creators: name: Noh, Jae Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the eigenstate thermalization properties of the spin-1/2 $XXZ$ model in two-dimensional rectangular lattices of size $L_1\times L_2$ under periodic boundary conditions. Exploiting the symmetry property, we can perform an exact diagonalization study of the energy eigenvalues up to system size $4\times 7$ and of the energy eigenstates up to $4\times 6$. Numerical analysis of the Hamiltonian eigenvalue spectrum and matrix elements of an observable in the Hamiltonian eigenstate basis supports that the two-dimensional $XXZ$ model follows the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. When the spin interaction is isotropic the $XXZ$ model Hamiltonian conserves the total spin and has SU(2) symmetry. We show that the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is still valid within each subspace where the total spin is a good quantum number.
description: final version. 9 pages with 10 figures
Resummed mean-field inference for strongly coupled data
Creators: name: Jacquin, Hugo
name: Rancon, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a resummed mean-field approximation for inferring the parameters of an Ising or a Potts model from empirical, noisy, one- and two-point correlation functions. Based on a resummation of a class of diagrams of the small correlation expansion of the log-likelihood, the method outperforms standard mean-field inference methods, even when they are regularized. The inference is stable with respect to sampling noise, contrarily to previous works based either on the small correlation expansion, on the Bethe free energy, or on the mean-field and Gaussian models. Because it is mostly analytic, its complexity is still very low, requiring an iterative algorithm to solve for $N$ auxiliary variables, that resorts only to matrix inversions and multiplications. We test our algorithm on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model submitted to a random external field and large random couplings, and demonstrate that even without regularization, the inference is stable across the whole phase diagram. In addition, the calculation leads to a consistent estimation of the entropy of the data and allows us to sample form the inferred distribution to obtain artificial data that are consistent with the empirical distribution.
description: v1) 5+6 pages, 3+6 figures; v2) slight changes of the text, typos corrected. v3) Expanded version, 21 pages, 14 figures v4) Published version
Additional file 1 of The associations between social support and mental health among Chinese immigrant pregnant and parenting women
Creators: name: Tian, Grace
name: Rojas, Natalia M.
name: Norton, Jennifer M.
name: Barajas-Gonzalez, R. Gabriela
name: Montesdeoca, Jacqueline
name: Kerker, Bonnie D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Brand switching and toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke: A national study
Creators: name: Morgan, Jennifer C.
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Justin Byron,
name: Noar, Seth M.
name: Hall, Marissa G.
name: Baig, Sabeeh A.
name: Mendel, Jennifer R.
name: Jeong, Michelle
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: US law requires disclosure of quantities of toxic chemicals (constituents) in cigarette smoke by brand and sub-brand. This information may drive smokers to switch to cigarettes with lower chemical quantities, under the misperception that doing so can reduce health risk. We sought to understand past brand-switching behavior and whether learning about specific chemicals in cigarette smoke increases susceptibility to brand switching.
An exploratory study on assessing the energy impact of logging on Android applications
Creators: Chowdhury, S.A.
Nardo, S.D.
Hindle, Abram
Jiang, Z.M.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2018

Execution logs are debug statements that developers insert into their code. Execution logs are used widely to monitor and diagnose the health of software applications. However, logging comes with costs, as it uses computing resources and can have an impact on an application’s performance. Compared with desktop applications, one additional critical computing resource for mobile applications is battery power. Mobile application developers want to deploy energy efficient applications to end users while still maintaining the ability to monitor. Unfortunately, there is no previous work that study the energy impact of logging within mobile applications. This exploratory study investigates the energy cost of logging in Android applications using GreenMiner, an automated energy test-bed for mobile applications. Around 1000 versions from 24 Android applications (e.g., CALCULATOR, FEEDEX, FIREFOX, and VLC) were tested with logging enabled and disabled. To further investigate the energy impacting factors for logging, controlled experiments on a synthetic application were performed. Each test was conducted multiple times to ensure rigorous measurement. Our study found that although there is little to no energy impact when logging is enabled for most versions of the studied applications, about 79% (19/24) of the studied applications have at least one version that exhibit medium to large effect sizes in energy consumption when enabling and disabling logging. To further assess the energy impact of logging, we have conducted a controlled experiment with a synthetic application. We found that the rate of logging and the number of disk flushes are significant factors of energy consumption attributable to logging. Finally, we have examined the relation between the generated OS level execution logs and mobile energy consumption. In addition to the common cross-application log events relevant to garbage collection and graphics systems, some mobile applications also have workload-specific log events that are highly correlated with energy consumption. The regression models built with common log events show mixed performance. Mobile application developers do not need to worry about conservative logging (e.g., logs generated at rates of ≤ 1 message per second), as they are not likely to impact energy consumption. Logging has a negligible effect on energy consumption for most of the mobile applications tested. Although logs have been used effectively to diagnose and debug functional problems, it is still an open problem on how to leverage software instrumentation to debug energy problems
Identifying and Combating Bias in Segmentation Networks by leveraging multiple resolutions
Creators: name: Henschel, Leonie
name: Kügler, David
name: Andrews, Derek S
name: Nordahl, Christine W
name: Reuter, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Exploration of bias has significant impact on the transparency and applicability of deep learning pipelines in medical settings, yet is so far woefully understudied. In this paper, we consider two separate groups for which training data is only available at differing image resolutions. For group H, available images and labels are at the preferred high resolution while for group L only deprecated lower resolution data exist. We analyse how this resolution-bias in the data distribution propagates to systematically biased predictions for group L at higher resolutions. Our results demonstrate that single-resolution training settings result in significant loss of volumetric group differences that translate to erroneous segmentations as measured by DSC and subsequent classification failures on the low resolution group. We further explore how training data across resolutions can be used to combat this systematic bias. Specifically, we investigate the effect of image resampling, scale augmentation and resolution independence and demonstrate that biases can effectively be reduced with multi-resolution approaches.
Superior damage tolerance of fish skins
Creators: name: Zhang, Emily
name: Tung, Chi-Huan
name: Feng, Luyi
name: Zhou, Yu Ren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Skin is the largest organ of many animals. Its protective function against hostile environments and predatorial attack makes high mechanical strength a vital characteristic. Here, we measured the mechanical properties of bass fish skins and found that fish skins are highly ductile with a rupture strain of up to 30-40% and a rupture strength of 10-15 MPa. The fish skins exhibit a strain-stiffening behavior. Stretching can effectively eliminate the stress concentrations near the pre-existing holes and edge notches, suggesting that the skins are highly damage tolerant. Our measurement determined a flaw-insensitivity length of several millimeters, which exceeds that of most engineering materials. The strain-stiffening and damage tolerance of fish skins are explained by an agent-based model of collagen network in which the load-bearing collagen microfibers assembled from nanofibrils undergo straightening and reorientation upon stretching. Our study inspires development of artificial skins that are thin, flexible, but highly fracture-resistant and widely applicable in soft robots.
Methods for detecting charge fractionalization and winding numbers in an interacting fermionic ladder
Creators: name: Mazza, Leonardo
name: Aidelsburger, Monika
name: Tu, Hong-Hao
name: Goldman, Nathan
name: Burrello, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a spin-1/2 fermionic ladder with spin-orbit coupling and a perpendicular magnetic field, which shares important similarities with topological superconducting wires. We fully characterize the symmetry-protected topological phase of this ladder through the identification of fractionalized edge modes and non-trivial spin winding numbers. We propose an experimental scheme to engineer such a ladder system with cold atoms in optical lattices, and we present two protocols that can be used to extract the topological signatures from density and momentum-distribution measurements. We then consider the presence of interactions and discuss the effects of a contact on-site repulsion on the topological phase. We find that such interactions could enhance the extension of the topological phase in certain parameters regimes.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures, 1 appendix
Deficient documentation detection: a methodology to locate deficient project documentation using topic analysis
Creators: Campbell, J.
Chenlei, Z.
Xu, Z.
Hindle, Abram
Miller, J.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2013

A project's documentation is the primary source of information for developers using that project. With hundreds of thousands of programming-related questions posted on programming Q&A websites, such as Stack Overflow, we question whether the developer-written documentation provides enough guidance for programmers. In this study, we wanted to know if there are any topics which are inadequately covered by the project documentation. We combined questions from Stack Overflow and documentation from the PHP and Python projects. Then, we applied topic analysis to this data using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), and found topics in Stack Overflow that did not overlap the project documentation. We successfully located topics that had deficient project documentation. We also found topics in need of tutorial documentation that were outside of the scope of the PHP or Python projects, such as MySQL and HTML.
GreenBundle: An Empirical Study on the Energy Impact of Bundled Processing
Creators: Chowdhury, S.A.
Hindle, Abram
Kazman, R.
Shuto, T.
Matsui, K.
Kamei, Y.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2019

Energy consumption is a concern in the data-center and at the edge, on mobile devices such as smartphones. Software that consumes too much energy threatens the utility of the end-user's mobile device. Energy consumption is fundamentally a systemic kind of performance and hence it should be addressed at design time via a software architecture that supports it, rather than after release, via some form of refactoring. Unfortunately developers often lack knowledge of what kinds of designs and architectures can help address software energy consumption. In this paper we show that some simple design choices can have significant effects on energy consumption. In particular we examine the Model-View-Controller architectural pattern and demonstrate how converting to Model-View-Presenter with bundling can improve the energy performance of both benchmark systems and real world applications. We show the relationship between energy consumption and bundled and delayed view updates: bundling events in the presenter can often reduce energy consumption by 30%.
Tectonics of Cerberus Fossae unveiled by marsquakes
Creators: name: Stähler, Simon C.
name: Mittelholz, Anna
name: Perrin, Clément
name: Kawamura, Taichi
name: Kim, Doyeon
name: Knapmeyer, Martin
name: Zenhäusern, Géraldine
name: Clinton, John
name: Giardini, Domenico
name: Lognonné, Philippe
name: Banerdt, W. Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 86A15

description: The InSight mission has measured Mars' seismicity since February 2018 and has allowed to investigate tectonics on another planet. Seismic data shows that most of the widely distributed surface faults are not seismically active, and that seismicity is mostly originating from a single graben structure, the Cerberus Fossae. We show that both major families of marsquakes characterized by low and high frequency content, LF and HF events respectively, are located on central and eastern parts of this graben system. LF hypocenters are located at 15-50 km depth and the spectral character suggests a structurally weak, potentially warm source region consistent with recent volcanic activity at those depths. HF marsquakes occur in the brittle, shallow part of the crust and might originate in fault planes associated with the graben flanks. Estimated magnitudes are between 2.8 and 3.8, resulting in a total seismic moment release within Cerberus Fossae of 1.4-5.6 $\times10^{15}$ Nm/yr, or at least half of the observed value of the entire planet. Our findings confirm that Cerberus Fossae represents a unique tectonic setting shaped by current day volcanic processes, with implications for minimum local heat flow.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, Nature Astronomy (2022)
Numerical simulations of MHD jets from Keplerian accretion disks I-Recollimation shocks
Creators: name: Jannaud, Thomas
name: Zanni, Claudio
name: Ferreira, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We wish to establish a firm link between jet simulations and analytical studies of magnetically-driven steady-state jets from Keplerian accretion disks. In particular, the latter have predicted the existence of recollimation shocks due to the dominant hoop-stress, so far never observed in platform simulations. Methods. We perform a set of axisymmetric MHD simulations of non-relativistic jets using the PLUTO code. The simulations are designed to reproduce the boundary conditions generally expected in analytical studies. We vary two parameters: the magnetic flux radial exponent $α$ and the jet mass load $κ$. In order to reach the huge unprecedented spatial scales implied by the analytical solutions, a new method allowing to boost the temporal evolution has been used. Results. We confirm the existence of standing recollimation shocks at large distances, behaving qualitatively with the mass load $κ$ as in self-similar studies. The shocks are weak and correspond to oblique shocks in a moderately high fast-magnetosonic flow. The jet emitted from the disk is focused towards the axial inner spine, which is the outflow connected to the central objet. The presence of this spine is shown to have a strong influence on jet asymptotics. Conclusions. Internal recollimation shocks may produce observable features such as standing knots of enhanced emission and a decrease of the flow rotation rate. However, more realistic simulations, e.g. fully three-dimensional, must be done in order to investigate non-axisymmetric instabilities and with ejection only from a finite zone in the disk, so as to to verify whether these MHD recollimation shocks and their properties are maintained.
Cyclin D/CDK4/6 activity controls G1 length in mammalian cells
Creators: name: Mathey-Prevot, Bernard
name: You, Lingchong
name: Dong, Peng
name: Zhang, Carolyn
name: Parker, Bao-Tran
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The length of the G1 phase in the cell cycle shows significant variability in different cell types and tissue types. To gain insights into the control of G1 length, we generated an E2F activity reporter that captures free E2F activity after dissociation from Rb sequestration and followed its kinetics of activation at the single-cell level, in real time. Our results demonstrate that its activity is precisely coordinated with S phase progression. Quantitative analysis indicates that there is a pre-S phase delay between E2F transcriptional dynamic and activity dynamics. This delay is variable among different cell types and is strongly modulated by the cyclin D/CDK4/6 complex activity through Rb phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that the main function of this complex is to regulate the appropriate timing of G1 length.
Self-consistent 2-phase AGN torus models: SED library for observers
Creators: name: Siebenmorgen, Ralf
name: Heymann, Frank
name: Efstathiou, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assume that dust near active galactic nuclei (AGN) is distributed in a torus-like geometry, which may be described by a clumpy medium or a homogeneous disk or as a combination of the two (i.e. a 2-phase medium). The dust particles considered are fluffy and have higher submillimeter emissivities than grains in the diffuse ISM. The dust-photon interaction is treated in a fully self-consistent three dimensional radiative transfer code. We provide an AGN library of spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Its purpose is to quickly obtain estimates of the basic parameters of the AGN, such as the intrinsic luminosity of the central source, the viewing angle, the inner radius, the volume filling factor and optical depth of the clouds, and the optical depth of the disk midplane, and to predict the flux at yet unobserved wavelengths. The procedure is simple and consists of finding an element in the library that matches the observations. We discuss the general properties of the models and in particular the 10mic. silicate band. The AGN library accounts well for the observed scatter of the feature strengths and wavelengths of the peak emission. AGN extinction curves are discussed and we find that there is no direct one-to-one link between the observed extinction and the wavelength dependence of the dust cross sections. We show that objects of the library cover the observed range of mid IR colors of known AGN. The validity of the approach is demonstrated by matching the SEDs of a number of representative objects: Four Seyferts and two quasars for which we present new Herschel photometry, two radio galaxies, and one hyperluminous infrared galaxy. Strikingly, for the five luminous objects we find pure AGN models fit the SED without a need to postulate starburst activity.
description: A&A accepted by referee, AGN library available at http://www.eso.org/~rsiebenm/agn_models/index.html
Effect of Temperature Gradient on Quantum Transport
Creators: name: Bose, Amartya
name: Walters, Peter L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently introduced multisite tensor network path integral (MS-TNPI) method [Bose and Walters, J. Chem. Phys., 2022, 156, 24101.] for simulation of quantum dynamics of extended systems has been shown to be effective in studying one-dimensional systems. Quantum transport in these systems are typically studied at a constant temperature. However, temperature seems to be a very obvious parameter that can be spatially changed to control the quantum transport. Here, MS-TNPI is used to study ``non-equilibrium'' effects of an externally imposed temperature gradient on the quantum transport in one-dimensional extended quantum systems.
description: 5 pages, 10 figures
Pear resistance to psilla (Cacopsylla pyri L.): A review
Creators: name: Nin, S.
name: Ferri, A.
name: Sacchetti, P.
name: Giordani, E.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyri L., is one of the most important insect pests in European pear production areas. Control measures are directed specifically at controlling pear psylla and require accurate and timely information about insect densities in the orchard. Thus, there is a widespread interest in the search for suitable biological control agents and in breeding for resistance to pear psylla. Modes of host plant resistance to pear psylla damage have been studied extensively by several authors and the susceptibility of many European pear genotypes have been investigated in order to detect cultivars resistant or highly tolerant to this pest useful in breeding programs. This review presents an update of published results and knowledge on psylla life, host finding for feeding and oviposition, type of damages, monitoring and control strategies with renewed and improved efficacies, resistance characterization and breeding, with particular regard to the identified sources of resistance and the screening methods.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 26 No 2 (2012)