cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Saving CNB assisted EDE model at the expense of quantum corrections?
Creators: name: Maziashvili, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As it is suggested in \cite{Sakstein:2019fmf, CarrilloGonzalez:2020oac}, one can dynamically introduce the coincidence time-scale for EDE in the framework of a particular mass-varying-neutrino-model as a time at which neutrinos constituting the cosmic neutrino background enter the non-relativistic regime. The model does not predict, however, the right amount of EDE density because of smallness of neutrino masses. One may hope to adjust the parameters in such a way as to ensure that the two-loop contributions are kept small while at the same time the effective mass for scalar field that enters the expression of zero-point-energy (for the field trapped in the minimum of effective potential) is sufficient for explaining the needed amount of EDE. Unfortunately, the answer is not in the affirmative.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure; new section added, matches the published version
Spontaneous vortex formation by microswimmers with retarded attractions
Creators: name: Wang, Xiangzun
name: Chen, Pin-Chuan
name: Kroy, Klaus
name: Holubec, Viktor
name: Cichos, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective states of inanimate particles self-assemble through physical interactions and thermal motion. Despite some phenomenological resemblance, including signatures of criticality, the autonomous dynamics that binds motile agents into flocks, herds, or swarms allows for much richer behavior. Low-dimensional models have hinted at the crucial role played in this respect by perceived information, decision-making, and feedback implying that the corresponding interactions are inevitably retarded. Here we present experiments on spherical Brownian microswimmers with delayed self-propulsion toward a spatially fixed target. We observe a spontaneous symmetry breaking to a transiently chiral dynamical state and concomitant critical behavior that does not rely on many-particle cooperativity. By comparison with the stochastic delay differential equation of motion of a single swimmer, we pinpoint the delay-induced effective synchronization of the swimmers with their own past as its key mechanism. Increasing numbers of swimmers self-organize into layers with pro- and retrograde orbital motion, synchronized and stabilized by steric and hydrodynamic interactions. Our results demonstrate how even most simple retarded non-reciprocal interactions can foster emergent complex adaptive behavior in relatively small ensembles.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Tree-level soft emission of a quark pair in association with a gluon
Creators: name: Del Duca, Vittorio
name: Duhr, Claude
name: Haindl, Rayan
name: Liu, Zhengwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the tree-level current for the emission of a soft quark-antiquark pair in association with a gluon. This soft current is the last missing ingredient to understand the infrared singularities that can arise in next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-order (N$^3$LO) computations in QCD. Its square allows us to understand for the first time the colour correlations induced by the soft emission of a quark pair and a gluon. We find that there are three types of correlations: Besides dipole-type correlations that have already appeared in soft limits of tree-level amplitudes, we uncover for the first time also a three-parton correlation involving a totally symmetric structure constant. We also study the behaviour of collinear splitting amplitudes in the triple-soft limit, and we derive the corresponding factorisation formula.
description: 35 pages, 1 figure, 9 ancillary files
Cryptocurrency returns: short-term forecast using Google Trends
Creators: name: Pulec, Vojtech
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Google Trends
subject: Kryptowährung
subject: Suchvolumen
subject: Granularität
subject: Trading
subject: VECM
subject: Cryptocurrency
subject: Search Volume
subject: Granularity
subject: 332 Finanzwirtschaft

description: Die Unsicherheit über den intrinsischen Wert von Kryptowährungen und der nachgewiesene Einfluss der Aufmerksamkeit an dem Marktwert verschiedener Vermögenswerte haben uns veranlasst, den Einfluss der Aufmerksamkeit auf den Marktwert von Kryptowährungen zu untersuchen. Als Aufmerksamkeitsindikator haben wir das Volumen von Google-Suchen zu bestimmten der Suchwörter Suchbegriffe genutzt das Suchvolumen von Google-Suchmenge, die auf Schlüsselwörtern basieren, die sich auf unseren Satz von Kryptowährungen einer sehr genauen Granularität beziehen. Unter Verwendung von ARMA und VECM haben wir getestet, ob die Google-Suchmenge die Vorhersage für Kryptowährungspreisentwicklung im Zeitrahmen von 15 Minuten bis zu einem Tag verbessert. Anschließend haben wir den Handel mit dieser Out-of-Sample Prognose simuliert und kamen zu dem Schluss, dass im Fall von häufigem Handel ohne Gebühren, einfache, univariate, autoregressive Modelle besser Ergebnisse produzieren. Unter Vernachlässigung von Gebühren jedoch, verbessert sich durch die Einbeziehung der Variablen für das Google-Suchvolumen das Handelsergebnisse, insbesondere bei stündlichen und täglichen Frequenzen. Unter Verwendung solcher Frequenzen übertraf das Modell univariate Modelle sowie das Wachstum der zugrunde liegenden Vermögenswerte.
description: Uncertainty about intrinsic value of cryptocurrencies and proven impact of attention on market value of various assets motivated us to investigate an impact of attention on cryptocurrencies' market value. As an attention indicator, we employed Google search volume data based on keywords related to our set of cryptocurrencies of a minute granularity. Using ARMA and VECM, we tested, whether Google search volume improves prediction for cryptocurrencies' price development in timeframe from 15 minutes to a day. Subsequently, we simulated trading using this out-of-sample forecast and came to conclusion, that in case of frequent trading with no fees, simple univariate autoregressive models are performing better. However, when fees are not omitted, inclusion of Google search volume variable improves trading results, especially in case of hourly and daily frequencies. Under such frequencies, it outperformed univariate models as well as the growth of the underlying assets.
Preliminary Study of Acute Changes in Emotion Processing in Trauma Survivors with PTSD Symptoms
Creators: name: Brickman, Kristopher R.
name: Xie, Hong
name: Elhai, Jon D.
name: Cotton, Andrew S.
name: McLean, Samuel A.
name: Wang, Xin
name: Ferguson, Eric J.
name: Tamburrino, Marijo B.
name: Duval, Elizabeth R.
name: Ho, S. Shaun
name: Liberzon, Israel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Accumulating evidence suggests traumatic experience can rapidly alter brain activation associated with emotion processing. However, little is known about acute changes in emotion neurocircuits that underlie PTSD symptom development. To examine acute alterations in emotion circuit activation and structure that may be linked to PTSD symptoms, thirty-eight subjects performed a task of appraisal of emotional faces as their brains were functionally and structurally studied with MRI at both two weeks and three months after motor vehicle collision (MVC). As determined by symptoms reported in the PTSD Checklist at three months, sixteen survivors developed probable PTSD, whereas the remaining 22 did not meet criteria for PTSD diagnosis (non-PTSD). The probable PTSD group had greater activation than the non-PTSD group in dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC and vmPFC) while appraising fearful faces within two weeks after MVC and in left insular cortex (IC) three months after MVC. dmPFC activation at two weeks significantly positively correlated with PTSD symptom severity at two weeks (R = 0.462, P = 0.006) and three months (R = 0.418, p = 0.012). Changes over time in dmPFC activation and in PTSD symptom severity were also significantly positively correlated in the probable PTSD group (R = 0.641, P = 0.018). A significant time by group interaction was found for volume changes in left superior frontal gyrus (SFG, F = 6.048, p = 0.019) that partially overlapped dmPFC active region. Between two weeks and three months, left SFG volume decreased in probable PTSD survivors. These findings identify alterations in frontal cortical activity and structure during the early post-trauma period that appear to be associated with development of PTSD symptoms.
title: Einzeitige Urethra Rekonstruktion mit Transplantation von in vitro hergestelltem Gewebe aus autogener Mundschleimhaut (MukoCell ® )
Creators: name: Karapanos, Leonidas
name: Zugor, Vahudin
name: Kauffmann, Caroline
name: Akbarov, Ilgar
name: Heidenreich, Axel
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die Autotransplantation von nativer Mundschleimhaut bei der einzeitigen plastischen Rekonstruktion von langstreckigen Urethrastrikturen ist die Methode der Wahl mit langfristigen Erfolgsraten von 75-85%. Die intraorale Morbidität liegt allerdings bei bis zu 14% je nach Länge[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Advantages and limitations of quantum routing
Creators: name: Bapat, Aniruddha
name: Childs, Andrew M.
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
name: Schoute, Eddie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Swap gate is a ubiquitous tool for moving information on quantum hardware, yet it can be considered a classical operation because it does not entangle product states. Genuinely quantum operations could outperform Swap for the task of permuting qubits within an architecture, which we call routing. We consider quantum routing in two models: (1) allowing arbitrary two-qubit unitaries, or (2) allowing Hamiltonians with norm-bounded interactions. We lower bound the circuit depth or time of quantum routing in terms of spectral properties of graphs representing the architecture interaction constraints, and give a generalized upper bound for all simple connected $n$-vertex graphs. In particular, we give conditions for a superpolynomial classical-quantum routing separation, which exclude graphs with a small spectral gap and graphs of bounded degree. Finally, we provide examples of a quadratic separation between gate-based and Hamiltonian routing models with a constant number of local ancillas per qubit and of an $Ω(n)$ speedup if we also allow fast local interactions.
description: 45 pages, 7 figures
Dynamical Jahn--Teller effect and antiferromagnetism in Cs$_3$C$_{60}$
Creators: name: Iwahara, Naoya
name: Chibotaru, Liviu F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical Jahn--Teller effect on fullerene sites in insulating Cs$_3$C$_{60}$ is investigated fully ab initio. The vibronic excitations of rotational type are at $\ge$65 cm$^{-1}$ while the net kinetic contribution to the Jahn--Teller stabilization energy constitutes ca 90 meV. This means that no localization of distortions by intermolecular interactions is possible in these fullerides, therefore, free rotations of deformations take place independently on each C$_{60}$. The latter destroy the orbital ordering and establish a conventional exchange interaction between $S=1/2$ on fullerene sites. The corresponding exchange model is derived and predicts the Néel temperature for A15 Cs$_3$C$_{60}$ close to experiment.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Prognostic Importance of Dyspnea for Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality in Persons without Prevalent Cardiopulmonary Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Shah, Amil M.
name: Santos, Mario
name: Kitzman, Dalane W.
name: Sueta, Carla A.
name: Matsushita, Kunihiro
name: Loehr, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The relationship between dyspnea and incident heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI) among patients without previously diagnosed cardiopulmonary disease is unclear. We studied the prognostic relevance of self-reported dyspnea for cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in persons without previously diagnosed cardiopulmonary disease.
Analysis of the light $J^P = 3^-$ mesons in QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Aliev, T. M.
name: Bilmis, S.
name: Savci, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we investigate the masses and decay constants of the light mesons with $J^P = 3^-$ ( $ρ_3, ω_3, K_3, ϕ_3$) within the QCD sum rules method by taking into account $SU(3)$ violation effects. We state that our predictions on masses of the considered mesons are in good agreement with experimental data within the precision of the model.
description: Typos are corrected in this new version
Nonlinear Processes in Multi-Quantum-Well Plasmonic Metasurfaces:Electromagnetic Response, Saturation Effects, Limits and Potentials
Creators: name: Gomez-Diaz, J. S.
name: Tymchenko, M.
name: Lee, J.
name: Belkin, M. A.
name: Alù, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear metasurfaces based on coupling a locally enhanced plasmonic response to intersubband transitions of n-doped multi-quantum-wells (MQWs) have recently provided second-order susceptibilities orders of magnitude larger than any other nonlinear flat structure measured so far. Here, we present a comprehensive theory to characterize the electromagnetic response of nonlinear processes occurring in ultrathin MQW-based plasmonic metasurfaces, providing a homogeneous model that takes phase-matching at the unit-cell level and the influence of saturation and losses into account. In addition, the limits imposed by saturation of the MQW transitions on the nonlinear response of these metasurfaces are analytically derived, revealing useful guidelines to design devices with enhanced performance. Our approach is first validated using experimental data and then applied to theoretically investigate novel designs able to achieve significant second-harmonic generation efficiency in the infrared frequency band.
description: 40 pages, 6 figures
Ultra-narrowband terahertz circular dichroism driven by planar metasurface supporting chiral quasi bound states in continuum
Creators: name: Li, Jitao
name: Yue, Zhen
name: Li, Jie
name: Zheng, Chenglong
name: Yang, Dingyu
name: Wang, Silei
name: Li, Mengyao
name: Zhang, Yating
name: Yao, Jianquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Terahertz (THz) chirality pursues customizable manipulation from narrowband to broadband. While conventional THz chirality is restricted by non-negligible linewidth and unable to handle narrowband well. Recently, the concept "quasi bound states in continuum" (quasi-BIC) is introduced to optics resonance system whose the quality factor can be extremely high with the ultra-low radiative loss, thus providing a conceptual feasibility for wave control with ultra-narrow linewidth. Herein, we construct quasi-BIC in a planar all-silicon THz metasurface with in-plane C2 and mirror symmetries breaking. Such system not only exposes the symmetry-protected BIC, but also exposes the parameter-tuned BIC assigned to single resonance type. An extremely narrow linewidth (below 0.06 GHz) with high quality factor (104 level) is obtained at quasi-BIC frequency, which achieves the ultra-narrowband THz chirality.
Unification of the four forces in the Spin(11,1) geometric algebra
Creators: name: Hamilton, Andrew J. S.
name: McMaken, Tyler
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SO(10), or equivalently its covering group Spin(10), is a well-known promising grand unified group that contains the standard-model group. The spinors of the group Spin($N$) of rotations in $N$ spacetime dimensions are indexed by a bitcode with $[N/2]$ bits. Fermions in Spin(10) are described by five bits $yzrgb$, consisting of two weak bits $y$ and $z$, and three colour bits $r$, $g$, $b$. If a sixth bit $t$ is added, necessary to accommodate a time dimension, then the enlarged Spin(11,1) algebra contains the standard-model and Dirac algebras as commuting subalgebras, unifying the four forces. The minimal symmetry breaking chain that breaks Spin(11,1) to the standard model is unique, proceeding via the Pati-Salam group. The minimal Higgs sector is similarly unique, consisting of the dimension~66 adjoint representation of Spin(11,1); in effect, the scalar Higgs sector matches the vector gauge sector. Although the unified algebra is that of Spin(11,1), the persistence of the electroweak Higgs field after grand symmetry breaking suggests that the gauge group before grand symmetry breaking is Spin(10,1), not the full group Spin(11,1). The running of coupling parameters predicts that the standard model should unify to the Pati-Salam group Spin(4)$_w \times$Spin(6)$_c$ at $10^{12}\,$GeV, and thence to Spin(10,1) at $10^{15}\,$GeV. The grand Higgs field breaks $t$-symmetry, can drive cosmological inflation, and generates a large Majorana mass for the right-handed neutrino by flipping its $t$-bit. The electroweak Higgs field breaks $y$-symmetry, and generates masses for fermions by flipping their $y$-bit.
description: 52 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Physica Scripta
Kompetent aus dem Stall in die Schule durch das Leben, pferdegestützte heilpädagogische Förderung zur Stärkung überfachlicher Kompetenzen von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit emotional-sozialem Förderbedarf
Creators: name: Landert, Marion
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Tiergestützte Therapie
Verhalten
Masterarbeit

description: Im Rahmen dieser Masterarbeit wird die Frage untersucht, welche Möglichkeiten die pferdegestützte heilpädagogische Förderung bietet, um Kinder und Jugendliche bei der Entwicklung überfachlicher Kompetenzen gezielt zu unterstützen. Im Lehrplan 21 sind bei den Bildungszielen nebst den fachlichen auch die fachübergreifenden Kompetenzen explizit verankert. Der Erwerb personaler, sozialer und methodischer Kompetenzen ist für Schülerinnen und Schüler mit emotional-sozialem Förderbedarf häufig ein Weg mit vielen Stolpersteinen. Um die Hintergründe von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und Lernschwierigkeiten zu verstehen, zieht die vorliegende Literaturarbeit die Erklärungsmodelle der Bindungstheorie bei (Bindungs- und Explorationsverhalten, Fürsorgeverhalten, Bindungsqualitäten). Weiter verdeutlicht die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse, welche Wirkfaktoren in bindungsgeleiteten Interventionen zum Tragen kommen. Die besonderen Möglichkeiten der pferdegestützten heilpädagogischen Förderung werden an Hand von konkreten Beispielen aufgezeigt.
title: Der bilaterale Harnleiterersatz mittels solitärem Ileumsegment bei Patienten mit retroperitonealer Fibrose (RPF): „Das Hockeyschläger-Interponat“
Creators: name: Dreger, Nici Markus
name: Degener, Stephan
name: Brandt, Alexander Sascha
name: von Rundstedt, Friedrich-Carl
name: Roth, Stephan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die RPF ist eine seltene, chronisch entzündliche Erkrankung des hinteren Bauchraums, deren häufigste Komplikation die Ureterkompression mit Hydronephrose und Nierenversagen ist. Bei Versagen der medikamentösen Therapie bleibt Patienten mit langstreckigen Stenosen im mittleren[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Stegoceras validus Lambe 1902
Creators: name: Lambe L., M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1902
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Ceratopsidae
Stegoceras
Stegoceras validus

description: Stegoceras validus. Sp. nov. Plate XXI, ﬁgs. 1 - 5. The two s mmetrical, com act bones 7 re P resented on plate XXI I were found se mratel. The lower portions of their sides, as well as their ends, consist of sutural surfaces, indicating that other bones were ﬁrmly united to them and completely surrounded them. A transverse suture divides each almost equally into an anterior and a posterior half. On the lower surface there is evidence of a line of coalescence in a longitudinal direction and extending from end to end. The upper surface of each specimen is dome shaped. In the larger specimen the anterior end is produced forward and is slightly elevated terminating in two projections; the surface is here distinctly nodose. In the lateral, posterior, upper surface a similar rugosity is apparent. The surface of the central convexity is smooth. In the smaller specimen the upper surface is smooth and pittcd throughout. It is trilobed posteriorly and is not produced forward in front where, however, two small nodes occur, one on each side of the median lino. The structure of the lower surface is marked by a number of smooth, concave areas, as represented in the reproductions, from photographs of the specimens, in ﬁgs. 2 and 5 of plate XXI. It is probable that these bones were situated in the median lino of the head, in advance of the nasals. They may have belonged to a species of dinosaur not otherwise represented in the collections from Red Deer river and, judging from the difference in shape ofthe two specimens, more than one species may be indicated. Marsh in his ﬁgurc ofthe head of Triceratops serratzós* shows a nasal horn core (divided both transversely and longitudinally by sutures) that may correspond to the specimens from Red Deer river. A third specimen, similar to the anterior half of the larger of the two bones was collected in 1901. It has separated from its posterior half along the lino of the transverse suture. For these bones the name Stegoceras validas is proposed with the hope that future discoveries may aid in a clearer understanding of their aﬂinities. Belly River series, Red Deer river. 1898, 1901.
description: Published as part of Lambe L. M., 1902, New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous), pp. 25-81 in Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 on pages 68-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3233762
title: Minimalinvasive vs. offene Nierenteilresektionen: Update 2018
Creators: name: Boy, Anselm
name: Heiland, Markus
name: Roosen, Alexander
name: Hein, Justine
name: Ubrig, Burkhard
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Bei der organerhaltenden Nierentumorresektion zeigt sich ein Trend zu minimal-invasiven und robotisch-assistierten Verfahren, welches an Zentren mit Robotik-Systemen in der Regel die laparoskopischen, aber auch die offenen Verfahren verdrängt. Methode: Monozentrische explorative [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Transmission in strained graphene subjected to laser and magnetic fields
Creators: name: Chnafa, Hasna
name: Mekkaoui, Miloud
name: Jellal, Ahmed
name: Bahaoui, Abdelhadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of strain along armchair and zigzag directions on electrical transport in graphene through a magnetic barrier and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave. In the context of Floquet theory, the eigenvalues and related eigenspinors are calculated analytically. The transmission probabilities are expressed as a function of different parameters using the transfer matrix approach and boundary conditions at two interfaces with current densities. We see that as the barrier width and incident energy change, the transmission via the center band oscillates less at zero strain. The transmission across the first sidebands begins at 0 and follows the pattern of a sinusoidal function that grows with increasing barrier width and becomes nearly linear for larger incident energy. When the strain magnitude is activated, the number of oscillations in all transmission channels drops marginally in the armchair direction but increases dramatically in the zigzag direction. The behavior of the total transmission is found to be comparable to that of the central band, with the exception that it exhibits a translation to the up. The suppression of Klein tunneling at normal incidence is another result seen in all strain settings.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Clarifications and references added. Version to appear in Physica E
Convective dynamos of black widow companions
Creators: name: Conrad-Burton, Jordan
name: Shabi, Alon
name: Ginzburg, Sivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black widows and redbacks are binary millisecond pulsars with close low-mass companions that are irradiated and gradually ablated by the pulsar's high-energy luminosity $L_{\rm irr}$. These binaries evolve primarily through magnetic braking, which extracts orbital angular momentum and pushes the companion to overflow its Roche lobe. Here, we use the stellar evolution code MESA to examine how the irradiation modifies the companion's structure. Strong $L_{\rm irr}$ inhibits convection to the extent that otherwise fully convective stars become almost fully radiative. By computing the convective velocities and assuming a dynamo mechanism, we find that the thin convective envelopes of such strongly irradiated companions ($L_{\rm irr}\gtrsim 3\,{\rm L}_\odot$) generate much weaker magnetic fields than previously thought - halting binary evolution. With our improved magnetic braking model, we explain most observed black widow and redback companions as remnants of main-sequence stars. We also apply our model (with $L_{\rm irr}$) to evolved companions that overflow their Roche lobe close to the end of their main-sequence phase. The evolutionary tracks of such companions bifurcate, explaining the shortest period systems (which are potential gravitational wave sources) as well as the longest period ones (which are the progenitors of common pulsar-white dwarf binaries). The variety of black widow structures and evolutionary trajectories may be utilized to calibrate the dependence of magnetic braking on the size of the convective layer and on the existence of a radiative-convective boundary, with implications for single stars as well as other binaries, such as cataclysmic variables and AM Canum Venaticorum stars.
description: Matched to published version
Narrowing the allowed mass range of ultralight bosons with the S2 star
Creators: name: Della Monica, Riccardo
name: de Martino, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that N-body simulations of ultralight bosons show the formation of a solitonic dark matter core in the innermost part of the halo. The scale length of such a soliton depends on the inverse of the mass of the boson. On the other hand, the orbital motion of stars in the Galactic Center depends on the distribution of matter whether be it baryonic or dark, providing an excellent probe for the gravitational field of the region. In this Letter we propose the S-stars in the Galactic Center as a new observational tool, complementary to other astrophysical systems, to narrow down the range of allowed values for an ultralight dark matter candidate boson mass. We built mock catalogs mirroring the forthcoming astrometric and spectroscopic observations of S2, and we used a MCMC analysis to predict the accuracy down to which the mass of an ultralight boson may be bounded, and we showed that, once complementary constraints are considered, this analysis will help to restrict the allowed range of the boson mass. Our analysis forecasts the bound on the mass of an ultralight boson to be $< 10^{-19}$ eV at the 95% of confidence level.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, 5 appendices. Accepted for publication in A&A Letters. Publication title changed with respect to previous versions during the editorial process
Quantifying the Twitter Influence of Third Party Commercial Entities versus Healthcare Providers in Thirteen Medical Conferences from 2011 – 2013
Creators: name: Desai, Tejas
name: Singla, Parteek
name: Syed, Zoheb
name: Dhingra, Vibhu
name: Madanick, Ryan
name: Shariff, Aabid
name: Kachare, Swapnil
name: Fang, Xiangming
name: Minhas, Deeba
name: Shariff, Afreen
name: Lerma, Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Twitter channels are increasingly popular at medical conferences. Many groups, including healthcare providers and third party entities (e.g., pharmaceutical or medical device companies) use these channels to communicate with one another. These channels are unregulated and can allow third party commercial entities to exert an equal or greater amount of Twitter influence than healthcare providers. Third parties can use this influence to promote their products or services instead of sharing unbiased, evidence-based information. In this investigation we quantified the Twitter influence that third party commercial entities had in 13 major medical conferences.
Generalized $F$-Theorem and the $ε$ Expansion
Creators: name: Fei, Lin
name: Giombi, Simone
name: Klebanov, Igor R.
name: Tarnopolsky, Grigory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some known constraints on Renormalization Group flow take the form of inequalities: in even dimensions they refer to the coefficient $a$ of the Weyl anomaly, while in odd dimensions to the sphere free energy $F$. In recent work arXiv:1409.1937 it was suggested that the $a$- and $F$-theorems may be viewed as special cases of a Generalized $F$-Theorem valid in continuous dimension. This conjecture states that, for any RG flow from one conformal fixed point to another, $\tilde F_{\rm UV} > \tilde F_{\rm IR}$, where $\tilde F=\sin (πd/2)\log Z_{S^d}$. Here we provide additional evidence in favor of the Generalized $F$-Theorem. We show that it holds in conformal perturbation theory, i.e. for RG flows produced by weakly relevant operators. We also study a specific example of the Wilson-Fisher $O(N)$ model and define this CFT on the sphere $S^{4-ε}$, paying careful attention to the beta functions for the coefficients of curvature terms. This allows us to develop the $ε$ expansion of $\tilde F$ up to order $ε^5$. Pade extrapolation of this series to $d=3$ gives results that are around $2-3\%$ below the free field values for small $N$. We also study RG flows which include an anisotropic perturbation breaking the $O(N)$ symmetry; we again find that the results are consistent with $\tilde F_{\rm UV} > \tilde F_{\rm IR}$.
description: 41 pages, 7 figures. v3: minor improvements
Moon's perigee mass as a missing component of the Earth's precession-nutation theory
Creators: name: Kiryan, D. G.
name: Kiryan, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the nutation momentum acting upon the Earth from the Moon's perigee mass that has not been taken into account in the Earth's precession-nutation theory was revealed. This missing momentum exhibits itself in the so-called "local latitude variation" with the Chandler's period. The results of our work raise the question of updating the Earth's precession-nutation theory and revising some postulates of the time service, astronomy, geophysics, satellite navigation, etc.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Shadows of Kerr black holes with a Gaussian-distributed plasma in the polar direction
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhenyu
name: Yan, Haopeng
name: Guo, Minyong
name: Chen, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the shadow of Kerr black hole surrounded by an axisymmetric plasma, whose density takes a Gaussian distribution in the polar direction. Along the radial direction, we consider two models: in model A the density of the plasma decays in a power law; in model B the density obeys a logarithmic Gaussian distribution. Using the numerical backward ray-tracing method, we find that the size of the shadow is sensitive to the inclination angle of the observer due to the polar distribution of the density of the plasma. In particular, we pay special attention to the model B and investigate the influence of the radial position of maximum density, the decay rate of the density towards the event horizon and the opening angle of the plasma on the shape and size of the Kerr black hole shadow. The effects of the plasmas studied in this work can be qualitatively explained by taking the plasmas as convex lenses with the refractive index being less than $1$.
description: 19 pages,13 figures
Remote Cameras Reveal Experimental Artifact in a Study of Seed Predation in a Semi-Arid Shrubland
Creators: name: Deutschman, Douglas H.
name: McLaughlin, Dana
name: Brown, Alissa J.
name: Braswell, Jessica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Granivorous animals may prefer to predate or cache seed of certain plant species over others. Multiple studies have documented preference for larger, non-native seed by granivores. To accomplish this, researchers have traditionally used indirect inference by relating patterns of seed removal to the species composition of the granivorous animal community. To measure seed removal, researchers present seed to granivorous animals in the field using equipment intended to exclude certain animal taxa while permitting access to others. This approach allows researchers to differentiate patterns of seed removal among various taxa (e.g., birds, small mammals, and insects); however, it is unclear whether the animals of interest are freely using the exclusion devices, which may be a hindrance to discovering the seed dishes. We used video observation to perform a study of seed predation using a custom-built, infrared digital camera and recording system. We presented native and non-native seed mixtures in partitioned Petri dishes both within and outside of exclusion cages. The exclusion cages were intended to allow entrance by rodent taxa while preventing entrance by rabbits and birds. We documented all seed removal visits by granivorous animals, which we identified to the genus level. Genera exhibited varying seed removal patterns based on seed type (native vs. non-native) and dish type (open vs. enclosed). We documented avoidance of the enclosed dishes by all but one rodent taxa, even though these dishes were intended to be used freely by rodents. This suggests that preference for non-native seed occurs differentially among granivorous animals in this system; however, interpretation of these nuanced results would be difficult without the benefit of video observation. When feasible, video observation should accompany studies using in situ equipment to ensure incorrect assumptions do not lead to inappropriate interpretation of results.
The Chandler wobble and Solar day
Creators: name: Kiryan, D. G.
name: Kiryan, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work supplements the main results given in our paper "The Chandler wobble is a phantom" (eprint arXiv:1109.4969) and refines the reasons for which researchers previously failed in interpreting the physical meaning of observed zenith distance variations.The main reason for the Chandler wobble problem emergence was that, in analyzing time series with the step multiple of solar day, researchers ignored the nature of the solar day itself. In addition, astrometric instruments used to measure the zenith distance relative the local normal are, by definition, gravity independent, since the local normal is tangential to the gravitation field line at the observation point. Therefore, the measured zenith distances involve all the instantaneous gravitational field distortions. The direct dependence of the zenith distance observations on the gravitational effect of the Moon's perigee mass enables us to conclude that the Chandler wobble is fully independent of the possible motion of the Earth's rotation axis within the Earth.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
title: The experience and perceptions of support of people with mild to moderate intellectual disability and how this relates to their identity: and Clinical Research Portfolio
Creators: name: Chambers, Claire Megan
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: intellectual disability, support, identity, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, experiences.

description: Introduction: Research has highlighted that people with intellectual disabilities value their support but also report areas of dissatisfaction in how it is delivered. Previous research has also been conducted on the stigma associated with having an intellectual disability, but little research has emerged on the impact being supported has on their sense of identity. Method: Ten adults aged between 24 and 36 years with a mild or moderate intellectual disability, living within their own tenancy or supported accommodation and in receipt of paid support were recruited. Semi structured interviews were carried out and data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Analysis identified two overarching themes: 1) support feels like a need and a comfort; 2) Acceptance of support is influenced by the sensitivity of its delivery. Personal histories were found to impact on individual’s ability to trust others and form meaningful connections. Conclusions: The way support is delivered to individuals can affect the sense of control they have over their lives and feelings of being respected and valued, ultimately impacting on their self-identity. Services should consider the aspects of support valued and what changes can be made to promote positive identities.
title: Perkutane Nephrolitholapaxie in modifizierter Rückenlage – Erfahrungen nach 43 konsekutiven Fällen
Creators: name: Jungmann, Olaf P.
name: Rohde, Detlef
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die klassische Patientenlagerung für eine perkutane Nephrolitholapaxie (PNL) ist eine Bauchlage mit unterfütterter Oberbauchregion. 1990 wurde von Valdivia et.al. für die Punktion des Hohlsystems und auch für die perkutane Behandlung eine leicht angedrehte Rückenlage[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
title: Analyse des klinischen und onkologischen Verlaufes nach negativer MRT/TRUS-Fusionsbiopsie der Prostata
Creators: name: von Landenberg, Nicolas
name: Noldus, Joachim
name: Hanske, Julian
name: Berg, Sebastian
name: Brock, Marko
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Das Risiko eines okkulten Prostatakarzinoms (PCa) nach negativer MRT/TRUS-Fusionsbiopsie (F-Bx) ist bis dato unbekannt. Zur Bestimmung des falsch negativen Vorhersagewertes wurde ein Kollektiv nach späterem Tumornachweis befragt. Des Weiteren wurde im Rahmen des Follow-Up (FU) [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Schulische Inklusion in Israel Explorative Untersuchung der schulischen Inklusion in Israel anhand des aktuellen Forschungsstandes und Experteninterviews in Bezug auf Gelingenskriterien
Creators: name: Friedli, Rahel
name: Reitberger-Morscher, Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Inklusive Pädagogik
Israel
Masterarbeit
Schulische Heilpädagogik PSS

description: Die Qualität der schulischen Inklusion in Schulen wird oft mit Hilfe von Evaluationsinstrumenten untersucht, die auf Beobachtungen im schulischen Setting basieren. Es stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern die schulische Inklusion eines Landes anhand des aktuellen Forschungsstandes oder Interviews untersucht werden kann. In einem ersten Schritt wurde aus der Fachliteratur ein Kriterienraster erstellt. Es wurden Gelingensbedingungen für die schulische Inklusion definiert. Am Beispiel Israel wurde der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur schulischen Inklusion systematisch untersucht und anhand des Kriterienrasters ausgewertet. Anschliessend wurden leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews an einer israelischen Schule durchgeführt und qualitativ mit Hilfe des Kriterienrasters analysiert. Der erarbeitete Kriterienkatalog kann eingesetzt und für die weitere Forschung genutzt werden.
Bounded Rationality and Animal Spirits: A Fluctuation-Response Approach to Slutsky Matrices
Creators: name: Garnier-Brun, Jerome
name: Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe
name: Benzaquen, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Slutsky equation, central in consumer choice theory, is derived from the usual hypotheses underlying most standard models in Economics, such as full rationality, homogeneity, and absence of interactions. We present a statistical physics framework that allows us to relax such assumptions. We first derive a general fluctuation-response formula that relates the Slutsky matrix to spontaneous fluctuations of consumption rather than to response to changing prices and budget. We then show that, within our hypotheses, the symmetry of the Slutsky matrix remains valid even when agents are only boundedly rational but non-interacting. We then propose a model where agents are influenced by the choice of others, leading to a phase transition beyond which consumption is dominated by herding (or `"fashion") effects. In this case, the individual Slutsky matrix is no longer symmetric, even for fully rational agents. The vicinity of the transition features a peak in asymmetry.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
Convergence of Phase-Field Free Energy and Boundary Force for Molecular Solvation
Creators: name: Dai, Shibin
name: Li, Bo
name: Lu, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a phase-field variational model for the solvaiton of charged molecules with an implicit solvent. The solvation free-energy functional of all phase fields consists of the surface energy, solute excluded volume and solute-solvent van der Waals dispersion energy, and electrostatic free energy. The surface energy is defined by the van der Waals--Cahn--Hilliard functional with squared gradient and a double-well potential. The electrostatic part of free energy is defined through the electrostatic potential governed by the Poisson--Boltzmann equation in which the dielectric coefficient is defined through the underlying phase field. We prove the continuity of the electrostatics---its potential, free energy, and dielectric boundary force---with respect to the perturbation of dielectric boundary. We also prove the $Γ$-convergence of the phase-field free-energy functionals to their sharp-interface limit, and the equivalence of the convergence of total free energies to that of all individual parts of free energy. We finally prove the convergence of phase-field forces to their sharp-interface limit. Such forces are defined as the negative first variations of the free-energy functional; and arise from stress tensors. In particular, we obtain the force convergence for the van der Waals--Cahn--Hilliard functionals with minimal assumptions.
description: 40 pages