cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cluster time measurement with CEPC calorimeter
Creators: name: Che, Yuzhi
name: Boudry, Vincent
name: Videau, Henri
name: He, Muchen
name: Ruan, Manqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an algorithm dedicated to timing reconstruction in highly granular calorimeters(HGC). The performance of this algorithm is evaluated on an electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) with geometries comparable to the electromagnetic compartment (CE-E) of the CMS endcap calorimeter upgrade at HL-LHC and conceptual Particle Flow oriented ECAL's for future Higgs factories. The time response of individual channel is parameterized according to the CMS experimental result. The particle Time-of-Flight (ToF) can be measured with a resolution of $5\sim20 \;\rm{ps}$ for electromagnetic (EM) showers and $80\sim 160 \;\rm{ps}$ for hadronic showers above 1 GeV. The presented algorithm provides comparable reconstruction with the $E_{\mathrm{hit}}^2$ weighting strategy and can significantly improve the time resolution compared to a simple averaging of the fast component of the time spectrum. The effects of three detector configurations are also quantified in this study. ToF resolution depends linearly on the timing resolution of a single silicon sensor and improves statistically with increasing incident particle energy. The timing layers at depth of $6\sim 9$ radiation lengths provide higher timing performance for EM showers. A clustering algorithm that vetoes isolated hits improves ToF resolution.
description: 12 pages, 32 figures
title: Vocal cord paralysis treated con hyaluronic acid, controlled with magnetic resonance.
Creators: name: Fernández, Zuhaitz
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: MR physics
subject: Radiographers
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To present a new approach to the larynx by Magnetic Resonance (MR) in paretic vocal cords treated with hyaluronic...
The Code and Catalogue for Galaxy Morphological Classification of the Legacy Surveys with Deformable Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Wei, Shoulin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510104
subject: Galactic astronomy

description: The file code_legacy_morph.zip is the code for detailing the paper "Galaxy Morphological Classification of the Legacy Surveys with Deformable Convolutional NeuralNetworks", which incorporate layer attention and deformable convolution into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to bolster its spatial feature and geometric transformation modeling capabilities. The proposed method was used to Data Release 9 of the Legacy Surveys, and present a galaxy morphological classification catalogue including approximately 71 million galaxies and the probability of each galaxy to be categorized as Round, In-between, Cigar-shaped, Edge-on, Spiral, Irregular and Error.
Standing Electromagnetic Solitons in Degenerate Relativistic Plasmas
Creators: name: Mikaberidze, G.
name: Berezhiani, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of standing high frequency electromagnetic (EM) solitons in a fully degenerate overdense electron plasma is studied applying relativistic hydrodynamics and Maxwell equations. The stable soliton solutions are found in both relativistic and nonrelativistic degenerate plasmas.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
title: Comparison of contrast-enhanced MRI with contrast-enhanced CT for risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Creators: name: Yang, Caiwei
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: MR-Colonography
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Recently developed adjuvant therapies for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) have been shown to improve patient survival. Guidelines currently recommend contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for GIST detection and surveillance. Patients...
Radiation reaction from electromagnetic fields in the neighbourhood of a point charge
Creators: name: Singal, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the expression for the electromagnetic field in the neighborhood of a point charge we determine the rate of electromagnetic momentum flow, calculated using the Maxwell stress tensor, across a surface surrounding the charge. From that we derive for a `point charge' the radiation reaction formula, which turns out to be proportional to the first time-derivative of the acceleration of the charge, identical to the expression for the self-force, hitherto obtained in the literature from the detailed mutual interaction between constituents of a small charged sphere. We then use relativistic transformations to arrive at a generalized formula for radiation reaction for a point charge undergoing a relativistic motion.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Am. J. Phy
title: Is The Evaluator's Experience Is Overrated In Ultrasound Examination?
Creators: name: Petkevicius, Jurgis
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Kidney
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Education and training
subject: Epidemiology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The global prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the population has steadily increased in recent decades, ranging from 4% to 20% [1, 9]. Kidney calculi are associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney diseases [2], end-stage renal failure [3, 4],...
Canonical formulation and conserved charges of double field theory
Creators: name: Naseer, Usman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the canonical formulation of double field theory. It is shown that this dynamics is subject to primary and secondary constraints. The Poisson bracket algebra of secondary constraints is shown to close on-shell according to the C-bracket. A systematic way of writing boundary integrals in doubled geometry is given. By including appropriate boundary terms in the double field theory Hamiltonian, expressions for conserved energy and momentum of an asymptotically flat doubled space-time are obtained and applied to a number of solutions.
description: 51 pages, no figures. Minor revisions
Adaptations of energy metabolism during cerebellar neurogenesis are co-opted in medulloblastoma
Creators: name: Tech, Katherine
name: Deshmukh, Mohanish
name: Gershon, Timothy R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: AbstractRecent studies show that metabolic patterns typical of cancer cells, including aerobic glycolysis and increased lipogenesis, are not unique to malignancy, but rather originate in physiologic development. In the postnatal brain, where sufficient oxygen for energy metabolism is scrupulously maintained, neural progenitors nevertheless metabolize glucose to lactate and prioritize lipid synthesis over fatty acid oxidation. Medulloblastoma, a cancer of neural progenitors that is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, recapitulates the metabolic phenotype of brain progenitor cells. During the physiologic proliferation of neural progenitors, metabolic enzymes generally associated with malignancy, including Hexokinase 2 (Hk2) and Pyruvate kinase M2 (PkM2) configure energy metabolism to support growth. In these non-malignant cells, expression of Hk2 and PkM2 is driven by transcriptional regulators that are typically identified as oncogenes, including N-myc. Importantly, N-myc continues to drive Hk2 and PkM2 in medulloblastoma. Similarly E2F transcription factors and PPARγ function in both progenitors and medulloblastoma to optimize energy metabolism to support proliferation. These findings show that the "metabolic transformation" that is a hallmark of cancer is not specifically limited to cancer. Rather, metabolic transformation represents a co-opting of developmental programs integral to physiologic growth. Despite their physiologic origins, the molecular mechanisms that mediate metabolic transformation may nevertheless present ideal targets for novel anti-tumor therapy.
title: Deep learning for detecting midline shift on brain CT: a retrospective validation study using multinational data and quantitative measurements
Creators: name: Xu, Jiaqi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Head and neck
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CAD
subject: CT
subject: Neural networks
subject: CAD
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Acute
subject: Haemorrhage

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The degree of midline shift (MLS) is one of the most vital indicators of neurosurgical prognosis that can be associated with other signs of increased intracranial pressure such as brain edema, herniation, and hydrocephalus [1, 2]. Non-contrast CT is...
Lung and colorectal cancer treatment and outcomes in the Veterans Affairs health care system
Creators: name: Williams, Christina D.
name: Zullig, Leah L.
name: Fortune-Britt, Alice G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Lung cancer (LC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are the second- and third-most commonly diagnosed cancers in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. While many studies have evaluated the treatment quality and outcomes of various aspects of VA LC and CRC care, there are no known reviews synthesizing this information across studies. The purpose of this literature review was to describe LC and CRC treatment (ie, surgical and nonsurgical) and outcomes (eg, mortality, psychosocial, and other) in the VA health care system as reported in the existing peer-reviewed scientific literature. We identified potential articles through a search of published literature using the PubMed electronic database. Our search strategy identified articles containing Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords addressing veterans or veterans’ health and LC and/or CRC. We limited articles to those published in the previous 11 years (January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2013). A total of 230 articles were retrieved through the search. After applying the selection criteria, we included 74 studies (34 LC, 47 CRC, and seven both LC and CRC). VA provides a full array of treatments, often with better outcomes than other health care systems. More work is needed to assess patient-reported outcomes.
(401812) David Jobson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Always check Meckel's cave! – anatomy and pathology of trigeminal cavity
Creators: name: Prenc, Matea
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Pathology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The aim of this paper is to stress the importance of cautious evaluation of Meckel's cave when interpreting brain or neck CT and/or MRIs. Anatomy and normal imaging findings are reviewed with discussion about imaging modalities used in evaluation of...
FDG-PET as a predictive biomarker for therapy with everolimus in metastatic renal cell cancer
Creators: name: Cowey, Charles L.
name: Kimryn Rathmell, Wendy
name: Kocherginsky, Masha
name: Mcdermott, David F.
name: Stadler, Walter M.
name: Chen, James L.
name: Appelbaum, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: AbstractThe mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, everolimus, affects tumor growth by targeting cellular metabolic proliferation pathways and delays renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression. Preclinical evidence suggests that baseline elevated tumor glucose metabolism as quantified by FDG-PET ([18F] fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography) may predict antitumor activity. Metastatic RCC (mRCC) patients refractory to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway inhibition were treated with standard dose everolimus. FDG-PET scans were obtained at baseline and 2weeks; serial computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained at baseline and every 8weeks. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the most FDG avid lesion, average SUVmax of all measured lesions and their corresponding 2-week relative changes were examined for association with 8-week change in tumor size. A total of 63 patients were enrolled; 50 were evaluable for the primary endpoint of which 48 had both PET scans. Patient characteristics included the following: 36 (72%) clear cell histology and median age 59 (range: 37–80). Median pre- and 2-week treatment average SUVmax were 6.6 (1–17.9) and 4.2 (1–13.9), respectively. Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST)-based measurements demonstrated an average change in tumor burden of 0.2% (−32.7% to 35.9%) at 8weeks. Relative change in average SUVmax was the best predictor of change in tumor burden (all evaluable P=0.01; clear cell subtype P=0.02), with modest correlation. Baseline average SUVmax was correlated with overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) (P=0.023; 0.020), but not with change in tumor burden. Everolimus therapy decreased SUVs on follow-up PET scans in mRCC patients, but changes were only modestly correlated with changes in tumor size. Thus, clinical use of FDG-PET-based biomarkers is challenged by high variability.In this phase II trial, FDG-PET was explored as a predictive biomarker for response to everolimus (mTOR inhibition) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Everolimus therapy decreased SUVs on follow-up FDG-PET scans in these patients. SUV changes were modestly correlated with changes in tumor size and baseline average SUVmax values were correlated with overall survival.
(401814) Robert Jobson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Racial difference in histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Nielsen, Matthew E.
name: Rathmell, W. Kimryn
name: Kuo, Tzy Mey
name: Meyer, Anne Marie
name: Purdue, Mark P.
name: Olshan, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: In the United States, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has rapidly increased in incidence for over two decades. The most common histologic subtypes of RCC, clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe have distinct genetic and clinical characteristics; however, epidemiologic features of these subtypes have not been well characterized, particularly regarding any associations between race, disease subtypes, and recent incidence trends. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, we examined differences in the age-adjusted incidence rates and trends of RCC subtypes, including analysis focusing on racial differences. Incidence rates increased over time (2001–2009) for all three subtypes. However, the proportion of white cases with clear cell histology was higher than among blacks (50% vs. 31%, respectively), whereas black cases were more likely than white cases to have papillary RCC (23% vs. 9%, respectively). Moreover, papillary RCC incidence increased more rapidly for blacks than whites (P < 0.01) over this period. We also observed that increased incidence of papillary histology among blacks is not limited to the smallest size strata. We observed racial differences in proportionate incidence of RCC subtypes, which appear to be increasing over time; this novel finding motivates further etiologic, clinical, molecular, and genetic studies.
(401809) Lizzie Hamilton Carter Gemmell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Clique percolation in random graphs
Creators: name: Li, Ming
name: Deng, Youjin
name: Wang, Bing-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As a generation of the classical percolation, clique percolation focuses on the connection of cliques in a graph, where the connection of two $k$-cliques means that they share at least $l1$ makes a step-function-like discontinuous phase transition in the thermodynamic limit and a continuous phase transition for $l=1$. More interesting, our analysis shows that at the critical point, the order parameter $ϕ_c$ for $l>1$ is neither $0$ nor $1$, but a constant depending on $k$ and $l$. All these theoretical findings are in agreement with the simulation results, which give theoretical support and clarification for previous simulation studies of clique percolation.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
title: Introducing an automatic tool based on model observers to assess CT dose efficiency.
Creators: name: Göppel, Maximilian
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer applications
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: CT
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Observer performance
subject: Physics
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Kv imaging
subject: Quality assurance

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) is a common imaging technology for diagnosis, therapy planning and therapy monitoring. Over the last years several hardware and software innovations have been introduced to improve image quality and/or reduce the radiation...
title: Scanner-independent coefficients to estimate organ doses of CT pediatric patients based on water-equivalent diameter
Creators: name: Abuhaimed, Abdullah
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Radiation physics
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: CT
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Physics
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Kv imaging

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Water equivalent diameter (Dw) is used to measure size of patients undergoing CT scans. It allows assessing size specific dose estimate (SSDE) of a patient resulting from a given scan protocol using CTDIvol that is reported by CT scanners. Due to...
African American women's perceptions of cancer clinical trials
Creators: name: Odom, Janice
name: Carpenter, William
name: Dimartino, Lisa
name: Godley, Paul
name: Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey
name: White, Brandolyn
name: Richmond, Alan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Cancer clinical trials are important for resolving cancer health disparities for several reasons; however, clinical trial participation among African Americans is significantly lower than Caucasians. This study engaged focus groups of 82 female African American cancer survivors or cancer caregivers, including those in better resourced, more urban areas and less resourced, more rural areas. Informed by an integrated conceptual model, the focus groups examined perceptions of cancer clinical trials and identified leverage points that future interventions may use to improve enrollment rates. Study findings highlight variation in community knowledge regarding cancer clinical trials, and the importance of community education regarding clinical trials and overcoming historical stigma associated with clinical research specifically and the health care system more generally. Study participants commented on the centrality of churches in their communities, and thus the promise of the church as loci of such education. Findings also suggested the value of informed community leaders as community information sources, including community members who have a previous diagnosis of cancer and clinical trial experience. The sample size and location of the focus groups may limit the generalizability of the results. Since the women in the focus groups were either cancer survivors or caregivers, they may have different experiences than nonparticipants who lack the close connection with cancer. Trust in the health system and in one's physician was seen as important factors associated with patient willingness to enroll in clinical trials, and participants suggested that physicians who were compassionate and who engaged and educated their patients would build important trust requisite for patient participation in clinical trials.
Antiproliferative and metabolic effects of metformin in a preoperative window clinical trial for endometrial cancer
Creators: name: Rambally, Brooke S.
name: Gehrig, Paola A.
name: Makowski, Liza
name: Difurio, Megan J.
name: Bae-Jump, Victoria L.
name: Schuler, Kevin M.
name: Sampey, Brante P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: We conducted a preoperative window study of metformin in endometrial cancer (EC) patients and evaluated its antiproliferative, molecular and metabolic effects. Twenty obese women with endometrioid EC were treated with metformin (850mg) daily for up to 4weeks prior to surgical staging. Expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and downstream targets of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were measured by immunohistochemistry. Global, untargeted metabolomics analysis of serum pre- and postmetformin treatment, and matched tumor, was performed. Metformin reduced proliferation by 11.75% (P=0.008) based on the comparison of pre- and posttreatment endometrial tumors. A total of 65% of patients responded to metformin as defined by a decrease in Ki-67 staining in their endometrial tumors post-treatment. Metformin decreased expression of phosphorylated (p)-AMPK (P=0.00001), p-Akt (P=0.0002), p-S6 (51.2%, P=0.0002), p-4E-BP-1 (P=0.001), and ER (P=0.0002) but not PR expression. Metabolomic profiling of serum indicated that responders versus nonresponders to treatment were more sensitive to metformin's effects on induction of lipolysis, which correlated with increased fatty acid oxidation and glycogen metabolism in matched tumors. In conclusion, metformin reduced tumor proliferation in a pre-operative window study in obese EC patients, with dramatic effects on inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Metformin induced a shift in lipid and glycogen metabolism that was more pronounced in the serum and tumors of responders versus nonresponders to treatment.This study provides support for therapeutic clinical trials of metformin in obese patients with EC.
(401806) William Whaley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Coronary artery disease in patients hospitalized due to peripheral artery disease - a nationwide, decade-long analysis including 1.8 million patients.
Creators: name: Helmer, Magnus
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Vascular
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Angioplasty
subject: Balloon occlusion
subject: Stents
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Epidemiology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Atherothrombotic diseases and their most common forms - coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) - are highly prevalent in society. This nationwide, decade-long analysis aims to evaluate trends in in-hospital treatment of...
HIV infection and domestic smoke exposure, but not human papillomavirus, are risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Zambia: a case-control study
Creators: name: Bateman, Allen C.
name: Banda, Themba
name: Kayamba, Violet
name: Shibemba, Aaron
name: Asombang, Akwi W.
name: Zyambo, Kanekwa
name: Kelly, Paul
name: Soko, Rose
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: There is emerging evidence that esophageal cancer occurs in younger adults in sub-Saharan Africa than in Europe or North America. The burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also high in this region. We postulated that HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections might contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk. This was a case–control study based at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Cases were patients with confirmed OSCC and controls had completely normal upper endoscopic evaluations. A total of 222 patients were included to analyze the influence of HIV infection; of these, 100 patients were used to analyze the influence of HPV infection, alcohol, smoking, and exposure to wood smoke. The presence of HIV infection was determined using antibody kits, and HPV infection was detected by polymerase chain reaction. HIV infection on its own conferred increased risk of developing OSCC (odds ratio [OR] 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–5.1; P = 0.03). The OR was stronger when only people under 60 years were included (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.5–13.2; P = 0.003). Cooking with charcoal or firewood, and cigarette smoking, both increased the odds of developing OSCC ([OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.4–9.3; P = 0.004] and [OR 9.1; 95% CI 3.0–30.4; P < 0.001], respectively). There was no significant difference in HPV detection or alcohol intake between cases and controls. We conclude that HIV infection and exposure to domestic and cigarette smoke are risk factors for OSCC, and HPV immunization unlikely to reduce OSCC incidence in Zambia.
Dichotomy of heavy and light pairs of holes in the $t-J$ model
Creators: name: Bohrdt, Annabelle
name: Demler, Eugene
name: Grusdt, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A key step in unraveling the mysteries of materials exhibiting unconventional superconductivity is to understand the underlying pairing mechanism. While it is widely agreed upon that the pairing glue in many of these systems originates from antiferromagnetic spin correlations, a microscopic description of pairs of charge carriers remains lacking.
 Here we use state-of-the art numerical methods to probe the internal structure and dynamical properties of pairs of charge carriers in quantum antiferromagnets in four-legged cylinders. Exploiting the full momentum resolution in our simulations, we are able to distinguish two qualitatively different types of bound states: a highly mobile, meta-stable pair, which has a dispersion proportional to the hole hopping $t$, and a heavy pair, which can only move due to spin exchange processes and turns into a flat band in the Ising limit of the model. Understanding the pairing mechanism can on the one hand pave the way to boosting binding energies in related models, and on the other hand enable insights into the intricate competition of various phases of matter in strongly correlated electron systems.
description: 6+7 pages, 5+10 figures; updated, corrected version
title: Molecular breast imaging as a clarifying method for breast cancer diagnostics after using digital mammography and contrast enhanced spectral mammography
Creators: name: Chernaya, Antonina Viktorovna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Nuclear medicine
subject: Oncology
subject: Mammography
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Staging
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The visualization of lesions in the background of dense breast tissue remains the limitation of digital mammography. This often leads to false conclusions and to late diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) or unreasonable biopsy in a benign process. 50% of...
The quantization of Proca fields on globally hyperbolic spacetimes: Hadamard states and Møller operators
Creators: name: Moretti, Valter
name: Murro, Simone
name: Volpe, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 81T05, 81T20, Secondary: 58J40, 58J45, 58J47

description: This paper deals with several issues concerning the algebraic quantization of the real Proca field in a globally hyperbolic spacetime and the definition and existence of Hadamard states for that field. In particular, extending previous work, we construct the so-called Møller $*$-isomorphism between the algebras of Proca observables on paracausally related spacetimes, proving that the pullback of these isomorphisms preserves the Hadamard property of corresponding quasifree states defined on the two spacetimes. Then, we pull-back a natural Hadamard state constructed on ultrastatic spacetimes of bounded geometry, along this $*$-isomorphism, to obtain a Hadamard state on a general globally hyperbolic spacetime. We conclude the paper, by comparing the definition of a Hadamard state, here given in terms of wavefront set, with the one proposed by Fewster and Pfenning, which makes use of a supplementary Klein-Gordon Hadamard form. We establish an (almost) complete equivalence of the two definitions.
description: 45 pages --- accepted in Annales Henri Poincar\'e
title: EVALI: The acute pulmonary syndrome of the century
Creators: name: Dumitru, Anca
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Respiratory system
subject: CT
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Education
subject: Acute

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To provide a summary of the recent literature. To establish the key signs. To underline the role of the...
Phegea 51-1. Dagvlinders (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) van de Serra de Arrábida, Portugal 2018–2021
Creators: name: Vermeulen, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Invertebrate biology

description: During two trips in the spring (May 2018, April 2019) and one in the late summer (September 2021), the butterfly fauna of the Serra de Arrábida Natural Park in central Portugal was inventoried. The park is located along the Atlantic Ocean in the Sado estuary and is therefore subject to a mild maritime climate with quite a lot of rainfall in spring. The forests of the Natural Park are of the Mediterranean maquis type and are home to colonies of Leptotes pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767), Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767), Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lycaenidae), Muschampia proto (Ochsenheimer, 1808) (Hesperiidae), Charaxes jasius (Linnaeus, 1767) (Nymphalidae) and Zerynthia rumina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilionidae). Egg-laying Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773) (Nymphalidae) was observed in the maquis but successful reproduction (e.g. a successful caterpillar stage) could not be confirmed. In and along the vineyards of the Natural Park, with Moscatel as the most famous grape, there are populations of Euchloe crameri (Butler, 1869), Euchloe belemia (Esper, 1800) (Pieridae) and Pyronia bathseba (Fabricius, 1793) (Nymphalidae). Iphiclides feisthamelii (Duponchel, 1832) (Papilionidae) and Melanargia ines Hoffmannsegg, 1804 (Nymphalidae) are species of the rocky area in the park such as the Serra do Louro.
title: Differential diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia - a chest CT approach
Creators: name: Campanu, Iulia-Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus pandemic, a large number of patients have presented to the Emergency Department with signs and symptoms of pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. The vast majority of cases were due to COVID-19...
A Blockchain-based Architecture for Query and Registration of Student Degree Certificates
Creators: name: Abreu, Antonio Welligton S.
name: Coutinho, Emanuel
name: Bezerra, Carla I. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: SBCARS2020 - Blockchain is an emerging technology that has piqued the interest of researchers and industry today.
 Following the success of this technology in the financial market with virtual currencies, blockchain begins to be used by different domains such as government and education as it provides a reliable, scalable and unchanging distributed environment for conducting and storing transactions on a network.
 Higher education is a system with many challenges that could be solved by adopting this technology.
 Protecting data transactions that involve student degrees is one of the challenges considered by educational institutions.
 Thus, this paper presents a reference architecture proposal based on blockchain technology and a proof of concept to register and consult student certificates issued by higher education institutions.
 With this architecture, we intend to evaluate a new business model in this technology applied to the educational domain.
 As a proof of concept, we presented a prototype implementation using smart contracts based on the Ethereum platform and an evaluation made by experts in high education.
title: Technical quality of CT Colonography (CTC): gastrografin® vs. omnipaque™
Creators: name: Rafati, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Colon
subject: Contrast agents
subject: CT-Colonography
subject: Colonography CT
subject: Cancer
subject: Image verification
subject: Quality assurance

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the UK with over 42,300 cases and 16,500 deaths per year. Currently approximately 54% of those cases are considered preventable in the UK (1). Introduced in 1994, CT Colonography (CTC) tends to...
Voronoi Tessellation and Non-parametric Halo Concentration
Creators: name: Lang, Meagan
name: Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly
name: Sinha, Manodeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and test TesseRACt, a non-parametric technique for recovering the concentration of simulated dark matter halos using Voronoi tessellation. TesseRACt is tested on idealized N-body halos that are axisymmetric, triaxial, and contain substructure and compared to traditional least-squares fitting as well as two non-parametric techniques that assume spherical symmetry. TesseRACt recovers halo concentrations within 0.3% of the true value regardless of whether the halo is spherical, axisymmetric, or triaxial. Traditional fitting and non-parametric techniques that assume spherical symmetry can return concentrations that are systematically off by as much as 10% from the true value for non-spherical halos. TesseRACt also performs significantly better when there is substructure present outside $0.5R_{200}$. Given that cosmological halos are rarely spherical and often contain substructure, we discuss implications for studies of halo concentration in cosmological N-body simulations including how choice of technique for measuring concentration might bias scaling relations.
description: 8 figures, submitted to ApJ
(401807) John Whaley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Hypergraph-Based Machine Learning Ensemble Network Intrusion Detection System
Creators: name: Lin, Zong-Zhi
name: Pike, Thomas D.
name: Bailey, Mark M.
name: Bastian, Nathaniel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) to detect malicious attacks continue to meet challenges. NIDS are often developed offline while they face auto-generated port scan infiltration attempts, resulting in a significant time lag from adversarial adaption to NIDS response. To address these challenges, we use hypergraphs focused on internet protocol addresses and destination ports to capture evolving patterns of port scan attacks. The derived set of hypergraph-based metrics are then used to train an ensemble machine learning (ML) based NIDS that allows for real-time adaption in monitoring and detecting port scanning activities, other types of attacks, and adversarial intrusions at high accuracy, precision and recall performances. This ML adapting NIDS was developed through the combination of (1) intrusion examples, (2) NIDS update rules, (3) attack threshold choices to trigger NIDS retraining requests, and (4) a production environment with no prior knowledge of the nature of network traffic. 40 scenarios were auto-generated to evaluate the ML ensemble NIDS comprising three tree-based models. The resulting ML Ensemble NIDS was extended and evaluated with the CIC-IDS2017 dataset. Results show that under the model settings of an Update-ALL-NIDS rule (specifically retrain and update all the three models upon the same NIDS retraining request) the proposed ML ensemble NIDS evolved intelligently and produced the best results with nearly 100% detection performance throughout the simulation.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 2024. An updated version of this work has been accepted for publication in an IEEE journal available here: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10666746
title: Double edged sword of lung cancer immunotherapy - review of immunotherapy-related thoracic and extrathoracic complications
Creators: name: Grzelja, Jurica
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Complications
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Drugs / Reactions
subject: Monoclonal antibodies
subject: Toxicity

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: to present various immune-related adverse events (irAEs) encountered during the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to increase awareness of all the possible anatomic sites in which irAEs may occur special focus is put on some...
Dynamics of a macroscopic spin qubit in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Mardonov, Sh.
name: Modugno, M.
name: Sherman, E. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a macroscopic spin qubit based on spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, where, in addition to the spin-orbit coupling, spin dynamics strongly depends on the interaction between particles. The evolution of the spin for freely expanding, trapped, and externally driven condensates is investigated. For condensates oscillating at the frequency corresponding to the Zeeman splitting in the synthetic magnetic field, the spin Rabi frequency does not depend on the interaction between the atoms since it produces only internal forces and does not change the total momentum. However, interactions and spin-orbit coupling bring the system into a mixed spin state, where the total spin is inside rather than on the Bloch sphere. This greatly extends the available spin space making it three-dimensional, but imposes limitations on the reliable spin manipulation of such a macroscopic qubit. The spin dynamics can be modified by introducing suitable spin-dependent initial phases, determined by the spin-orbit coupling, in the spinor wave function.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
title: Evaluation of Endostar and chemoradiotherapy combination efficacy on cervical cancer by whole tumor diffusion kurtosis imaging histogram analysis
Creators: name: Qin, Lan-hui
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common carcinoma in women worldwide, and the second most common cancer-related death among women in less developed countries and regions [1]. The objective response rate of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT)...
Quantum Power Flows: From Theory to Practice
Creators: name: Liu, Junyu
name: Zheng, Han
name: Hanada, Masanori
name: Setia, Kanav
name: Wu, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Climate change is becoming one of the greatest challenges to the sustainable development of modern society. Renewable energies with low density greatly complicate the online optimization and control processes, where modern advanced computational technologies, specifically quantum computing, have significant potential to help. In this paper, we discuss applications of quantum computing algorithms toward state-of-the-art smart grid problems. We suggest potential, exponential quantum speedup by the use of the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithms for sparse matrix inversions in power-flow problems. However, practical implementations of the algorithm are limited by the noise of quantum circuits, the hardness of realizations of quantum random access memories (QRAM), and the depth of the required quantum circuits. We benchmark the hardware and software requirements from the state-of-the-art power-flow algorithms, including QRAM requirements from hybrid phonon-transmon systems, and explicit gate counting used in HHL for explicit realizations. We also develop near-term algorithms of power flow by variational quantum circuits and implement real experiments for 6 qubits with a truncated version of power flows.
description: 30 pages, many figures