cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
JWST/MIRI unveils the stellar component of the GN20 dusty galaxy overdensity at $z$=4.05
Creators: name: Gómez, A. Crespo
name: Colina, L.
name: Álvarez-Márquez, J.
name: Bik, A.
name: Boogaard, L.
name: Östlin, G.
name: Peißker, F.
name: Walter, F.
name: Labiano, A.
name: Pérez-González, P. G.
name: Greve, T. R.
name: Wright, G.
name: Alonso-Herrero, A.
name: Caputi, K. I.
name: Costantin, L.
name: Eckart, A.
name: García-Marín, M.
name: Gillman, S.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Iani, E.
name: Langeroodi, D.
name: Pye, J. P.
name: Rinaldi, P.
name: Tikkanen, T.
name: van der Werf, P.
name: Lagage, P. O.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the importance of the dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at $z$>2 for understanding the galaxy evolution in the early Universe, their stellar distributions traced by the near-IR emission were spatially unresolved until the arrival of the JWST. In this work we present, for the first time, a spatially-resolved morphological analysis of the rest-frame near-IR (~1.1-3.5$μ$m) emission in DSFGs traced with the JWST/MIRI. In particular, we study the mature stellar component for the three DSFGs and a Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) present in an overdensity at $z$=4.05. Moreover, we use MIRI images along with UV to (sub)-mm ancillary photometric data to model their SEDs and extract their main physical properties. The sub-arcsec resolution MIRI images have revealed that the stellar component present a wide range of morphologies, from disc-like to compact and clump-dominated structures. These near-IR structures contrast with their UV emission, which is usually diffuse and off-centered. The SED fitting analysis shows that GN20 dominates the total SFR with a value ~2500 $M_\odot$yr$^{-1}$ while GN20.2b has the highest stellar mass in the sample ($M_*$~2$\times$10$^{11}$ $M_\odot$). The two DSFGs classified as LTGs (GN20 and GN20.2a) show high specific SFR (sSFR>30 Gyr$^{-1}$) placing them above the star-forming main sequence (SFMS) at z~4 by >0.5 dex while the ETG (i.e.,GN20.2b) is compatible with the high-mass end of the main sequence. When comparing with other DSFGs in overdensities at $z$~2-7 we observe that our objects present similar SFRs, depletion times and projected separations. Nevertheless, the effective radii computed for GN20 and GN20.2a are up to two times larger than those of isolated galaxies observed in CEERS and ALMA-HUDF at similar redshifts. We interpret this difference in size as an effect of rapid growth induced by the dense environment.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Reducing the error rate of a superconducting logical qubit using analog readout information
Creators: name: Ali, Hany
name: Marques, Jorge
name: Crawford, Ophelia
name: Majaniemi, Joonas
name: Serra-Peralta, Marc
name: Byfield, David
name: Varbanov, Boris
name: Terhal, Barbara M.
name: DiCarlo, Leonardo
name: Campbell, Earl T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum error correction enables the preservation of logical qubits with a lower logical error rate than the physical error rate, with performance depending on the decoding method. Traditional error decoding approaches, relying on the binarization (`hardening') of readout data, often ignore valuable information embedded in the analog (`soft') readout signal. We present experimental results showcasing the advantages of incorporating soft information into the decoding process of a distance-three ($d=3$) bit-flip surface code with transmons. To this end, we use the $3\times3$ data-qubit array to encode each of the $16$ computational states that make up the logical state $\ket{0_{\mathrm{L}}}$, and protect them against bit-flip errors by performing repeated $Z$-basis stabilizer measurements. To infer the logical fidelity for the $\ket{0_{\mathrm{L}}}$ state, we average across the $16$ computational states and employ two decoding strategies: minimum weight perfect matching and a recurrent neural network. Our results show a reduction of up to $6.8\%$ in the extracted logical error rate with the use of soft information. Decoding with soft information is widely applicable, independent of the physical qubit platform, and could reduce the readout duration, further minimizing logical error rates.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, 2 table; typos corrected
Loss-induced quantum information jet in an infinite temperature Hubbard chain
Creators: name: Penc, Patrik
name: Moca, Cătălin Paşcu
name: Legeza, Örs
name: Prosen, Tomaž
name: Zaránd, Gergely
name: Werner, Miklós Antal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Information propagation in the one-dimensional infinite temperature Hubbard model with a dissipative particle sink at the end of a semi-infinite chain is studied. In the strongly interacting limit, the two-site mutual information and the operator entanglement entropy exhibit a rich structure with two propagating information fronts and superimposed interference fringes. A classical reversible cellular automaton model quantitatively captures the transport and the slow, classical part of the correlations, but fails to describe the rapidly propagating information jet. The fast quantum jet resembles coherent free particle propagation, with the accompanying long-ranged interference fringes that are exponentially damped by short-ranged spin correlations in the many-body background.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, supplemental material included
How much information can be extracted from galaxy clustering at the field level?
Creators: name: Nguyen, Nhat-Minh
name: Schmidt, Fabian
name: Tucci, Beatriz
name: Reinecke, Martin
name: Kostić, Andrija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optimal Bayesian field-level cosmological constraints from nonlinear tracers of the large-scale structure, specifically the amplitude $σ_8$ of linear matter fluctuations inferred from rest-frame simulated dark matter halos in a comoving volume of $8\,(h^{-1}\mathrm{Gpc})^3$. Our constraint on $σ_8$ is entirely due to nonlinear information, and obtained by explicitly sampling the initial conditions along with bias and noise parameters via a Lagrangian EFT-based forward model, LEFTfield. The comparison with a simulation-based inference analysis employing the power spectrum and bispectrum -- likewise using the LEFTfield forward model -- shows that, when including precisely the same modes of the same data up to $k_{\mathrm{max}}= 0.10\,h\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ ($0.12\,h\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$), the field-level approach yields a factor of 3.5 (5.2) improvement on the $σ_8$ constraint, from 20.0% to 5.7% (17.0% to 3.3%). This study provides direct insights into cosmological information encoded in galaxy clustering beyond low-order $n$-point functions.
description: 3750 words + 3 appendices. 17 pages (including references), 12 figures. Main results in Figs. 2 & 3. All comments welcome! v2: Less words and more results. SBI P+B results, comparisons and discussion thereof updated. SBI P+B and FBI now use exactly the same forward model, yielding completely consistent posterior means. v3: match the journal-accepted version; PRL in press
Latent Space Representations of Neural Algorithmic Reasoners
Creators: name: Mirjanić, Vladimir V.
name: Pascanu, Razvan
name: Veličković, Petar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural Algorithmic Reasoning (NAR) is a research area focused on designing neural architectures that can reliably capture classical computation, usually by learning to execute algorithms. A typical approach is to rely on Graph Neural Network (GNN) architectures, which encode inputs in high-dimensional latent spaces that are repeatedly transformed during the execution of the algorithm. In this work we perform a detailed analysis of the structure of the latent space induced by the GNN when executing algorithms. We identify two possible failure modes: (i) loss of resolution, making it hard to distinguish similar values; (ii) inability to deal with values outside the range observed during training. We propose to solve the first issue by relying on a softmax aggregator, and propose to decay the latent space in order to deal with out-of-range values. We show that these changes lead to improvements on the majority of algorithms in the standard CLRS-30 benchmark when using the state-of-the-art Triplet-GMPNN processor. Our code is available at https://github.com/mirjanic/nar-latent-spaces
description: 24 pages, 19 figures; Accepted at the Second Learning on Graphs Conference (LoG 2023); updated layout, reorganized content, added journal reference
Scalable Spatiotemporal Prediction with Bayesian Neural Fields
Creators: name: Saad, Feras
name: Burnim, Jacob
name: Carroll, Colin
name: Patton, Brian
name: Köster, Urs
name: Saurous, Rif A.
name: Hoffman, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spatiotemporal datasets, which consist of spatially-referenced time series, are ubiquitous in diverse applications, such as air pollution monitoring, disease tracking, and cloud-demand forecasting. As the scale of modern datasets increases, there is a growing need for statistical methods that are flexible enough to capture complex spatiotemporal dynamics and scalable enough to handle many observations. This article introduces the Bayesian Neural Field (BayesNF), a domain-general statistical model that infers rich spatiotemporal probability distributions for data-analysis tasks including forecasting, interpolation, and variography. BayesNF integrates a deep neural network architecture for high-capacity function estimation with hierarchical Bayesian inference for robust predictive uncertainty quantification. Evaluations against prominent baselines show that BayesNF delivers improvements on prediction problems from climate and public health data containing tens to hundreds of thousands of measurements. Accompanying the paper is an open-source software package (https://github.com/google/bayesnf) that runs on GPU and TPU accelerators through the JAX machine learning platform.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, 1 listing
Modelling of initially stressed solids: structure of the energy density in the incompressible limit
Creators: name: Magri, M.
name: Riccobelli, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74B20, 74D10, 74S05

description: This study addresses the modelling of elastic bodies, particularly when the relaxed configuration is unknown or non-existent. We adopt the theory of initially stressed materials, incorporating the deformation gradient and stress state of the reference configuration (initial stress tensor) into the response function. We show that for the theory to be applicable, the response function of the relaxed material is invertible up to an element of the material symmetry group. Additionally, we establish that commonly imposed constitutive restrictions, namely the initial stress compatibility condition and initial stress reference independence, naturally arise when assuming the initial stress is generated solely from elastic distortion. The paper delves into modelling aspects concerning incompressible materials, showcasing the expressibility of strain energy density as a function of the deviatoric part of the initial stress tensor and the isochoric part of the deformation gradient. This not only reduces the number of independent invariants in the energy functional, but also enhances numerical robustness in finite element simulations. The findings of this research hold significant implications for modelling materials with initial stress, extending potential applications to areas such as mechanobiology, soft robotics, and 4D printing.
Comparative Microscopic Study of Entropies and their Production
Creators: name: Strasberg, Philipp
name: Schindler, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time evolution of eleven microscopic entropy definitions (of Boltzmann-surface, Gibbs-volume, canonical, coarse-grained-observational, entanglement and diagonal type) and three microscopic temperature definitions (based on Boltzmann, Gibbs or canonical entropy). This is done for the archetypal nonequilibrium setup of two systems exchanging energy, modeled here with random matrix theory, based on numerical integration of the Schroedinger equation. We consider three types of pure initial states (local energy eigenstates, decorrelated and entangled microcanonical states) and three classes of systems: (A) two normal systems, (B) a normal and a negative temperature system and (C) a normal and a negative heat capacity system.
 We find: (1) All types of initial states give rise to the same macroscopic dynamics. (2) Entanglement and diagonal entropy sensitively depend on the microstate, in contrast to all other entropies. (3) For class B and C, Gibbs-volume entropies can violate the second law and the associated temperature becomes meaningless. (4) For class C, Boltzmann-surface entropies can violate the second law and the associated temperature becomes meaningless. (5) Canonical entropy has a tendency to remain almost constant. (6) For a Haar random initial state, entanglement or diagonal entropy behave similar or identical to coarse-grained-observational entropy.
description: Slight changes compared to v1. 15.5 pages with big figures plus references. Comments and discussion still very welcome!
Tight concentration inequalities for quantum adversarial setups exploiting permutation symmetry
Creators: name: Matsuura, Takaya
name: Yamano, Shinichiro
name: Kuramochi, Yui
name: Sasaki, Toshihiko
name: Koashi, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed new concentration inequalities for a quantum state on an $N$-qudit system or measurement outcomes on it that apply to an adversarial setup, where an adversary prepares the quantum state. Our one-sided concentration inequalities for a quantum state require the $N$-qudit system to be permutation invariant and are thus de-Finetti type, but they are tighter than the one previously obtained. We show that the bound can further be tightened if each qudit system has an additional symmetry. Furthermore, our concentration inequality for the outcomes of independent and identical measurements on an $N$-qudit quantum system has no assumption on the adversarial quantum state and is much tighter than the conventional one obtained through Azuma's inequality. We numerically demonstrate the tightness of our bounds in simple quantum information processing tasks.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures, published version
Magnetic field morphology and evolution in the Central Molecular Zone and its effect on gas dynamics
Creators: name: Tress, R. G.
name: Sormani, M. C.
name: Girichidis, P.
name: Glover, S. C. O.
name: Klessen, R. S.
name: Smith, R. J.
name: Sobacchi, E.
name: Armillotta, L.
name: Barnes, A. T.
name: Battersby, C.
name: Bogue, K. R. J.
name: Brucy, N.
name: Colzi, L.
name: Federrath, C.
name: García, P.
name: Ginsburg, A.
name: Göller, J.
name: Hatchfield, H P.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Hennebelle, P.
name: Henshaw, J. D.
name: Hirschmann, M.
name: Hu, Y.
name: Kauffmann, J.
name: Kruijssen, J. M. D.
name: Lazarian, A.
name: Lipman, D.
name: Longmore, S. N.
name: Morris, M. R.
name: Nogueras-Lara, F.
name: Petkova, M. A.
name: Pillai, T. G. S.
name: Rivilla, V. M.
name: Sánchez-Monge, Á.
name: Soler, J. D.
name: Whitworth, D.
name: Zhang, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interstellar medium in the Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) is known to be strongly magnetised, but its large-scale morphology and impact on the gas dynamics are not well understood. We explore the impact and properties of magnetic fields in the CMZ using three-dimensional non-self gravitating magnetohydrodynamical simulations of gas flow in an external Milky Way barred potential. We find that: (1) The magnetic field is conveniently decomposed into a regular time-averaged component and an irregular turbulent component. The regular component aligns well with the velocity vectors of the gas everywhere, including within the bar lanes. (2) The field geometry transitions from parallel to the Galactic plane near $z=0$ to poloidal away from the plane. (3) The magneto-rotational instability (MRI) causes an in-plane inflow of matter from the CMZ gas ring towards the central few parsecs of $0.01-0.1$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ that is absent in the unmagnetised simulations. However, the magnetic fields have no significant effect on the larger-scale bar-driven inflow that brings the gas from the Galactic disc into the CMZ. (4) A combination of bar inflow and MRI-driven turbulence can sustain a turbulent vertical velocity dispersion of $σ_z \simeq 5$ km s$^{-1}$ on scales of $20$ pc in the CMZ ring. The MRI alone sustains a velocity dispersion of $σ_z \simeq 3$ km s$^{-1}$. Both these numbers are lower than the observed velocity dispersion of gas in the CMZ, suggesting that other processes such as stellar feedback are necessary to explain the observations. (5) Dynamo action driven by differential rotation and the MRI amplifies the magnetic fields in the CMZ ring until they saturate at a value that scales with the average local density as $B \simeq 102 (n/10^3 cm^{-3})^{0.33}$ $μ$G. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results within the observational context in the CMZ.
Optimal Floquet Engineering for Large Scale Atom Interferometers
Creators: name: Rodzinka, T.
name: Dionis, E.
name: Calmels, L.
name: Beldjoudi, S.
name: Béguin, A.
name: Guéry-Odelin, D.
name: Allard, B.
name: Sugny, D.
name: Gauguet, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective control of atomic coherence with cold atoms has made atom interferometry an essential tool for quantum sensors and precision measurements. The performance of these interferometers is closely related to the operation of large wave packet separations. We present here a novel approach for atomic beam splitters based on the stroboscopic stabilization of quantum states in an accelerated optical lattice. The corresponding Floquet state is generated by optimal control protocols. In this way, we demonstrate an unprecedented Large Momentum Transfer (LMT) interferometer, with a momentum separation of 600 photon recoils ($600\hbar k$) between its two arms. Each LMT beam splitter is realized in a remarkably short time (2 ms) and is highly robust against the initial velocity dispersion of the wave packet and lattice depth fluctuations. Our study shows that Floquet engineering is a promising tool for exploring new frontiers in quantum physics at large scales, with applications in quantum sensing and testing fundamental physics.
Learning and communication pressures in neural networks: Lessons from emergent communication
Creators: name: Galke, Lukas
name: Raviv, Limor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: Finding and facilitating commonalities between the linguistic behaviors of large language models and humans could lead to major breakthroughs in our understanding of the acquisition, processing, and evolution of language. However, most findings on human-LLM similarity can be attributed to training on human data. The field of emergent machine-to-machine communication provides an ideal testbed for discovering which pressures are neural agents naturally exposed to when learning to communicate in isolation, without any human language to start with. Here, we review three cases where mismatches between the emergent linguistic behavior of neural agents and humans were resolved thanks to introducing theoretically-motivated inductive biases. By contrasting humans, large language models, and emergent communication agents, we then identify key pressures at play for language learning and emergence: communicative success, production effort, learnability, and other psycho-/sociolinguistic factors. We discuss their implications and relevance to the field of language evolution and acquisition. By mapping out the necessary inductive biases that make agents' emergent languages more human-like, we not only shed light on the underlying principles of human cognition and communication, but also inform and improve the very use of these models as valuable scientific tools for studying language learning, processing, use, and representation more broadly.
description: camera-ready version, as published in Language Development Research
DESVENDANDO O NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO: TRANSFORMAÇÕES E DESAFIOS NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA BRASILEIRA
Creators: name: Maria José de Figueiredo Lima
name: Jucineide Gomes Bonfim
name: Danielle Salvador Melo Burigo
name: Francisco José Silva Feitosa
name: Júlio César Belo Gervásio
name: Maria do Carmo Teixeira Rocha de Melo
name: Ueudison Alves Guimarães
name: Francisco José Fialho Avelino
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Base Curricular
Novo Ensino Médio
Mudanças
Curricular Base
New High School
Changes

description: Este trabalho tem como premissa desenvolver uma discussão acerca das profundas mudanças implementadas no ensino médio brasileiro, enfatizando tanto as inovações introduzidas quanto os desafios enfrentados nesta área. Desse modo, salienta-se inicialmente que a reforma educacional, marcada pela Lei nº 13.415/2017, representa um esforço para modernizar e tornar mais flexível a estrutura curricular, visando melhor preparar os alunos para os desafios do século XXI. Nesse contexto, percebe-se que o novo modelo educacional propõe uma base nacional comum complementada por itinerários formativos específicos, possibilitando aos alunos maior autonomia na escolha de áreas de aprofundamento. Assim sendo, o estudo aqui desenvolvido busca analisar as implicações desta reforma, considerando os aspectos positivos, como a personalização do aprendizado e a valorização de competências multidisciplinares; e os negativos, como os desafios relacionados à implementação prática, incluindo a capacitação de professores e a infraestrutura das escolas. Para tanto, a revisão bibliográfica, a qual fundamenta essa análise, busca compreender como a mencionada reforma influencia no desempenho e na motivação dos alunos, além de discutir a adequação do novo modelo às realidades socioeconômicas e regionais do Brasil. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se a necessidade de um acompanhamento contínuo e ajustes para garantir que o novo ensino médio atenda efetivamente às necessidades dos alunos brasileiros.
The c-d conjecture
Creators: name: Latorre, José I.
name: Sierra, Germán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conjecture a relation between the local dimension $d$ of a local nearest-neighbor critical Hamiltonian in one spatial dimension and the maximum central charge, $c_{\text{max}}$, that it can yield. Specifically, we propose that $c_{\text{max}} \leq d-1$, establishing a link between the short-distance lattice realization of a model and its emerging long-distance entanglement properties. This inequality can be viewed as a general form of a $c$-theorem establishing the reduction of effective degrees of freedom between the UV lattice and the IR conformal field theory. We support this conjecture with numerous examples.
description: 6 pages, 1 table
Observation of vortices in a dipolar supersolid
Creators: name: Casotti, Eva
name: Poli, Elena
name: Klaus, Lauritz
name: Litvinov, Andrea
name: Ulm, Clemens
name: Politi, Claudia
name: Mark, Manfred J.
name: Bland, Thomas
name: Ferlaino, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersolids are states of matter that spontaneously break two continuous symmetries: translational invariance due to the appearance of a crystal structure and phase invariance due to phase locking of single-particle wave functions, responsible for superfluid phenomena. While originally predicted to be present in solid helium, ultracold quantum gases provided a first platform to observe supersolids, with particular success coming from dipolar atoms. Phase locking in dipolar supersolids has been probed through e.g. measurements of the phase coherence and gapless Goldstone modes, but quantized vortices, a hydrodynamic fingerprint of superfluidity, have not yet been observed. Here, with the prerequisite pieces at our disposal, namely a method to generate vortices in dipolar gases and supersolids with two-dimensional crystalline order, we report on the theoretical investigation and experimental observation of vortices in the supersolid phase. Our work reveals a fundamental difference in vortex seeding dynamics between unmodulated and modulated quantum fluids. This opens the door to study the hydrodynamic properties of exotic quantum systems with multiple spontaneously broken symmetries, in disparate domains such as quantum crystals and neutron stars.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Natural convection in a vertical channel. Part 2. Oblique solutions and global bifurcations in a spanwise-extended domain
Creators: name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Tuckerman, Laurette S.
name: Schneider, Tobias M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vertical thermal convection is a non-equilibrium system in which both buoyancy and shear forces play a role in driving the convective flow. Beyond the onset of convection, the driven dissipative system exhibits chaotic dynamics and turbulence. In a three-dimensional domain extended in both the vertical and the transverse dimensions, Gao et al. (2018) have observed a variety of convection patterns which are not described by linear stability analysis. We investigate the fully non-linear dynamics of vertical convection using a dynamical-systems approach based on the Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations. We compute the invariant solutions of these equations and the bifurcations that are responsible for the creation and termination of various branches. We map out a sequence of local bifurcations from the laminar base state, including simultaneous bifurcations involving patterned steady states with different symmetries. This atypical phenomenon of multiple branches simultaneously bifurcating from a single parent branch is explained by the role of D4 symmetry. In addition, two global bifurcations are identified: first, a homoclinic cycle from modulated transverse rolls and second, a heteroclinic cycle linking two symmetry-related diamond-roll patterns. These are confirmed by phase space projections as well as the functional form of the divergence of the period close to the bifurcation points. The heteroclinic orbit is shown to be robust and to result from a 1:2 mode interaction. The intricacy of this bifurcation diagram highlights the essential role played by dynamical systems theory and computation in hydrodynamic configurations.
Natural convection in a vertical channel. Part 1. Wavenumber interaction and Eckhaus instability in a narrow domain
Creators: name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Tuckerman, Laurette S.
name: Schneider, Tobias M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a vertical channel driven by an imposed horizontal temperature gradient, numerical simulations have previously shown steady, time-periodic and chaotic dynamics. We explore the observed dynamics by constructing invariant solutions of the three-dimensional Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations, characterizing the stability of these equilibria and periodic orbits, and following the bifurcation structure of the solution branches under parametric continuation in Rayleigh number. We find that in a narrow vertically-periodic domain of aspect ratio ten, the flow is dominated by the competition between three and four co-rotating rolls. We demonstrate that branches of three and four-roll equilibria are connected and can be understood in terms of their discrete symmetries. Specifically, the D4 symmetry of the four-roll branch dictates the existence of qualitatively different intermediate branches that themselves connect to the three-roll branch in a transcritical bifurcation due to D3 symmetry. The physical appearance, disappearance, merging and splitting of rolls along the connecting branch provide a physical and phenomenological illustration of the equivariant theory of D3-D4 mode interaction. We observe other manifestations of the competition between three and four rolls, in which the symmetry in time or in the transverse direction is broken, leading to limit cycles or wavy rolls, respectively. Our work highlights the interest of combining numerical simulations, bifurcation theory, and group theory, in order to understand the transitions between and origin of flow patterns.
Minimal surfaces with symmetries
Creators: name: Forstneric, Franc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53A10, Secondary 32E30, 32H02, 32Q56

description: Let $G$ be a finite group acting on a connected open Riemann surface $X$ by holomorphic automorphisms and acting on a Euclidean space $\mathbb R^n$ $(n\ge 3)$ by orthogonal transformations. We identify a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a $G$-equivariant conformal minimal immersion $F:X\to\mathbb R^n$. We show in particular that such a map $F$ always exists if $G$ acts without fixed points on $X$. Furthermore, every finite group $G$ arises in this way for some open Riemann surface $X$ and $n=2|G|$. We obtain an analogous result for minimal surfaces having complete ends with finite total Gaussian curvature, and for discrete infinite groups acting on $X$ properly discontinuously and acting on $\mathbb R^n$ by rigid transformations.
description: To appear in Proc. London Math. Soc
Searches for pair-produced multijet resonances using data scouting in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for pair-produced multijet signatures using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 128 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV are presented. A data scouting technique is employed to record events with low jet scalar transverse momentum sum values. The electroweak production of particles predicted in $R$-parity violating supersymmetric models is probed for the first time with fully hadronic final states. This is the first search for prompt hadronically decaying mass-degenerate higgsinos, and extends current exclusions on $R$-parity violating top squarks and gluinos.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journall reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-21-004 (CMS Public Pages)
JADES: Primaeval Lyman-$\mathrmα$ emitting galaxies reveal early sites of reionisation out to redshift $z \sim 9$
Creators: name: Witstok, Joris
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Smit, Renske
name: Jones, Gareth C.
name: Bunker, Andrew J.
name: Helton, Jakob M.
name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
name: Tacchella, Sandro
name: Saxena, Aayush
name: Arribas, Santiago
name: Bhatawdekar, Rachana
name: Boyett, Kristan
name: Cameron, Alex J.
name: Cargile, Phillip A.
name: Carniani, Stefano
name: Charlot, Stéphane
name: Chevallard, Jacopo
name: Curti, Mirko
name: Curtis-Lake, Emma
name: D'Eugenio, Francesco
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Hainline, Kevin
name: Hausen, Ryan
name: Kumari, Nimisha
name: Laseter, Isaac
name: Maseda, Michael V.
name: Rieke, Marcia
name: Robertson, Brant
name: Scholtz, Jan
name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Williams, Christina C.
name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
name: Willott, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $\require{mediawiki-texvc}$Given the sensitivity of the resonant Lyman-$\mathrmα$ (Ly$\mathrmα$) transition to absorption by neutral hydrogen, observations of Ly$\mathrmα$ emitting galaxies (LAEs) have been widely used to probe the ionising capabilities of reionisation-era galaxies and their impact on the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, prior to JWST our understanding of the contribution of fainter sources and of ionised `bubbles' at earlier stages of reionisation remained uncertain. Here, we present the characterisation of three exceptionally distant LAEs at $z>8$, newly discovered by JWST/NIRSpec in the JADES survey. These three similarly bright ($M_\text{UV} \approx -20\,\mathrm{mag}$) LAEs exhibit small Ly$\mathrmα$ velocity offsets from the systemic redshift, $Δv_\mathrm{Lyα} \lesssim 200\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$, yet span a range of Ly$\mathrmα$ equivalent widths ($15\,Å$, $31\,Å$, and $132\,Å$). The former two show moderate Ly$\mathrmα$ escape fractions ($f_\mathrm{esc,Lyα} \approx 10\%$), whereas Ly$\mathrmα$ escapes remarkably efficiently from the third ($f_\mathrm{esc,Lyα} \approx 72\%$), which moreover is very compact (half-light radius of $90\pm10\,\mathrm{pc}$). We find these LAEs are low-mass galaxies dominated by very recent, vigorous bursts of star formation accompanied by strong nebular emission from metal-poor gas. We infer the two LAEs with modest $f_\mathrm{esc,Lyα}$, one of which reveals evidence for ionisation by an active galactic nucleus, may have reasonably produced small ionised bubbles preventing complete IGM absorption of Ly$\mathrmα$. The third, however, requires a $\sim 3\,\text{physical Mpc}$ bubble, indicating faint galaxies have contributed significantly. The most distant LAEs thus continue to be powerful observational probes into the earlier stages of reionisation.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Learning to rank quantum circuits for hardware-optimized performance enhancement
Creators: name: Hartnett, Gavin S.
name: Barbosa, Aaron
name: Mundada, Pranav S.
name: Hush, Michael
name: Biercuk, Michael J.
name: Baum, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce and experimentally test a machine-learning-based method for ranking logically equivalent quantum circuits based on expected performance estimates derived from a training procedure conducted on real hardware. We apply our method to the problem of layout selection, in which abstracted qubits are assigned to physical qubits on a given device. Circuit measurements performed on IBM hardware indicate that the maximum and median fidelities of logically equivalent layouts can differ by an order of magnitude. We introduce a circuit score used for ranking that is parameterized in terms of a physics-based, phenomenological error model whose parameters are fit by training a ranking-loss function over a measured dataset. The dataset consists of quantum circuits exhibiting a diversity of structures and executed on IBM hardware, allowing the model to incorporate the contextual nature of real device noise and errors without the need to perform an exponentially costly tomographic protocol. We perform model training and execution on the 16-qubit ibmq_guadalupe device and compare our method to two common approaches: random layout selection and a publicly available baseline called Mapomatic. Our model consistently outperforms both approaches, predicting layouts that exhibit lower noise and higher performance. In particular, we find that our best model leads to a $1.8\times$ reduction in selection error when compared to the baseline approach and a $3.2\times$ reduction when compared to random selection. Beyond delivering a new form of predictive quantum characterization, verification, and validation, our results reveal the specific way in which context-dependent and coherent gate errors appear to dominate the divergence from performance estimates extrapolated from simple proxy measures.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Epigenomic data of medulloblastoma active enhancers
Creators: name: 陈璇(Chen Xuan)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Epigenomics
Monoisolate

description: This study, which contained whole-genome methylation sequencing data from tumors in 189 MB patients , identified early human cerebellar cell type-like-specific hypo-methylated SE regions .
Thermodynamics of black holes featuring primary scalar hair
Creators: name: Bakopoulos, Athanasios
name: Chatzifotis, Nikos
name: Karakasis, Thanasis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we embark on the thermodynamic investigation concerning a family of primary charged black holes within the context of shift and parity symmetric Beyond Horndeski gravity. Employing the Euclidean approach, we derive the functional expression for the free energy and derive the first thermodynamic law, offering a methodology to address the challenge of extracting the thermal quantities in shift-symmetric scalar tensor theories characterized by linear time dependence in the scalar field. Following the formal analysis, we provide some illustrative examples focusing on the thermal evaporation of these fascinating objects.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, typos corrected
New AGN diagnostic diagrams based on the [OIII]$λ4363$ auroral line
Creators: name: Mazzolari, G.
name: Übler, H.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Ji, X.
name: Nakajima, K.
name: Feltre, A.
name: Scholtz, J.
name: D'Eugenio, F.
name: Curti, M.
name: Mignoli, M.
name: Marconi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is revolutionizing our understanding of black holes formation and growth in the early Universe. However, JWST has also revealed that some of the classical diagnostics, such as the BPT diagrams and X-ray emission, often fail to identify narrow line TypeII active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshift. Here we present three new rest-frame optical diagnostic diagrams leveraging the [OIII]$\lambda4363$ auroral line, which has been detected in several JWST spectra. Specifically, we show that high values of the [OIII]$\lambda4363/$H$γ$ ratio provide a sufficient (but not necessary) condition to identify the presence of an AGN, both based on empirical calibrations (using local and high-redshift sources) and a broad range of photoionization models. These diagnostics are able to separate much of the AGN population from Star Forming Galaxies (SFGs). This is because the average energy of AGN's ionizing photons is higher than that of young stars in SFGs, hence AGN can more efficiently heat the gas, therefore boosting the [OIII]$\lambda4363$ line. We also found independent indications of AGN activity in some high-redshift sources that were not previously identified as AGN with the traditional diagnostics diagrams, but that are placed in the AGN region of the diagnostics presented in this work. We note that, conversely, low values of [OIII]$\lambda4363/$H$γ$ can be associated either with SFGs or AGN excitation. We note that the fact that strong auroral lines are often associated with AGN does not imply that they cannot be used for direct metallicity measurements (provided that proper ionization corrections are applied), but it does affect the calibration of strong line metallicity diagnostics.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 16 pages, 7 figures
Witnessing Flows in Arithmetic
Creators: name: Tabatabai, Amirhossein Akbar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the elegant achievements in the history of proof theory is the characterization of the provably total recursive functions of an arithmetical theory by its proof-theoretic ordinal as a way to measure the time complexity of the functions. Unfortunately, the machinery is not sufficiently fine-grained to be applicable on the weak theories on the one hand and to capture the bounded functions with bounded definitions of strong theories, on the other. In this paper, we develop such a machinery to address the bounded theorems of both strong and weak theories of arithmetic. In the first part, we provide a refined version of ordinal analysis to capture the feasibly definable and bounded functions that are provably total in $\mathrm{PA}+\bigcup_{β\prec α} \mathrm{TI}(\prec_β)$, the extension of Peano arithmetic by transfinite induction up to the ordinals below $α$. Roughly speaking, we identify the functions as the ones that are computable by a sequence of $\mathrm{PV}$-provable polynomial time modifications on an initial polynomial time value, where the computational steps are indexed by the ordinals below $α$, decreasing by the modifications. In the second part, and choosing $l \leq k$, we use similar technique to capture the functions with bounded definitions in the theory $T^k_2$ (resp. $S^k_2$) as the functions computable by exponentially (resp. polynomially) long sequence of $\mathrm{PV}_{k-l+1}$-provable reductions between $l$-turn games starting with an explicit $\mathrm{PV}_{k-l+1}$-provable winning strategy for the first game.
description: 55 pages
Symmetry-Enriched Criticality in a Coupled Spin-Ladder
Creators: name: Mondal, Suman
name: Agarwala, Adhip
name: Mishra, Tapan
name: Prakash, Abhishodh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a one-dimensional ladder of two coupled XXZ spin chains and identify several distinct gapless symmetry-enriched critical phases. These have the same unbroken symmetries and long-wavelength description, but cannot be connected without encountering either a phase transition or other intermediate phases. Using bosonizaion, we analyze the nature of their distinction by determining how microscopic symmetries are manifested in the long-wavelength fields, the behavior of charged local and nonlocal operators, and identify the universality class of all direct continuous phase transitions between them. One of these phases is a gapless topological phase with protected edge modes. We characterize its precise nature and place it within the broader classification. We also find the occurrence of `multiversality' in the phase diagram, wherein two fixed phases are separated by continuous transitions with different universality classes in different parameter regimes. We determine the phase diagram and all its aspects, as well as verify our predictions numerically using density matrix renormalization group and a mapping onto an effective spin-1 model.
description: v2: minor improvements, added references; 26 pages, 16 figures, 7 tables
Blue Large-Amplitude Pulsators and Other Short-Period Variable Stars in the OGLE-IV Galactic Disk Fields
Creators: name: Borowicz, J.
name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Mróz, P.
name: Soszyński, I.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Szymański, M. K.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Poleski, R.
name: Kozłowski, S.
name: Skowron, J.
name: Skowron, D. M.
name: Rybicki, K.
name: Iwanek, P.
name: Wrona, M.
name: Gromadzki, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blue Large-Amplitude Pulsators (BLAPs) form a mysterious class of variable stars with typical periods of tens of minutes and amplitudes above 0.1 mag. In this work, we present results of a variability search focused on timescales shorter than 1 h, conducted in OGLE-IV Galactic disk fields containing about 1.1 billion stellar sources down to I$\approx$20 mag. Twenty-five BLAPs have been detected, 20 of which are new discoveries. Their periods range from 8.4 min to 62.1 min. We have also found six new eclipsing binary systems with orbital periods from 38.3 min to 121.3 min and five short-period large-amplitude (> 0.17 mag in the I-band) variable stars of unknown type.
NALA: an Effective and Interpretable Entity Alignment Method
Creators: name: Xu, Chuanhao
name: Cheng, Jingwei
name: Zhang, Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4

description: Entity alignment (EA) aims to find equivalent entities between two Knowledge Graphs. Existing embedding-based EA methods usually encode entities as embeddings, triples as embeddings' constraint and learn to align the embeddings. However, the details of the underlying logical inference steps among the alignment process are usually omitted, resulting in inadequate inference process. In this paper, we introduce NALA, an entity alignment method that captures three types of logical inference paths with Non-Axiomatic Logic (NAL). Type 1&2 align the entity pairs and type 3 aligns relations. NALA iteratively aligns entities and relations by integrating the conclusions of the inference paths. Our method is logically interpretable and extensible by introducing NAL, and thus suitable for various EA settings. Experimental results show that NALA outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of Hits@1, achieving 0.98+ on all three datasets of DBP15K with both supervised and unsupervised settings. We offer a pioneering in-depth analysis of the fundamental principles of entity alignment, approaching the subject from a unified and logical perspective. Our code is available at https://github.com/13998151318/NALA.
description: 21 pages. EMNLP 2024 Findings (Accepted)