cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rendimento social de inserção. Contributos para o conhecimento de uma prestação de último recurso
Creators: name: Cantante, Frederico; Almeida, Tânia; Cruz, Catarina Mendes; Estêvão, Pedro; Carmo, Renato Miguel; Silva, Pedro Adão
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: rendimento social de inserção; proteção social; políticas sociais; pobreza extrema; rendimento; Portugal; guaranteed minimum income (rendimento social de inserção); social protection; social policy; extrema poverty; income

description: O rendimento social de inserção é uma prestação de último recurso destinada a dar alguma proteção aos muito pobres. Embora tenha bastante protagonismo no espaço público, esta prestação social nem sempre é debatida de forma informada. Este texto começa por enquadra juridicamente esta prestação e analisa informação estatística relevante, à escala nacional e municipal, acerca do perfil social dos seus beneficiários, da sua duração e do seu montante. Da análise efetuada, conclui-se que cerca de 1/3 dos beneficiários do RSI são menores de idade que vivem em agregados familiares muito pobres. Embora a maior parte dos beneficiários adultos desta prestação sejam desempregados, cerca de 11% auferiam rendimentos do trabalho. Em alguns municípios, este valor é superior a 20%. O tempo médio de recebimento de RSI era, em 2019, de 34 meses, valor consistentemente maior nos municípios da Área Metropolitana do Porto e menor nos municípios fronteiriços do Alto Minho, das Beiras, em alguns municípios do Oeste e do eixo central das regiões do Algarve e Alentejo. Entre os dez municípios do país que registam um número mais elevado de beneficiários de RSI por 1000 habitantes em idade ativa, seis pertencem à ilha de São Miguel. O valor de referência do RSI tem vindo a afastar-se do apurado para o limiar de pobreza na sociedade portuguesa (cerca de 37%, no caso dos adultos que vivem sós). Isto significa que a situação dos beneficiários de RSI se tem vindo a deteriorar no conjunto da população pobre em Portugal. The guaranteed minimum income (rendimento social de inserção) in Portugal is a social benefit of last resort that aimes to provide some level of protection to the very poor. This benefit is widely debated in the public space, but seldomly in an informed way. This paper starts to describe the legal regime of rendimento social de inserção (RSI) and its evolution. Then analyzes relevant data, at the national and municipal level, about the social profile of its beneficiaries, the duration and amount of this social benefit. It is shown that 1/3 of RSI beneficiaries have less than 18 years and about 11% of its adult beneficiaries earn labour income. In some municipalities this figure is above 20%. In 2019, the average duration of RSI was 34 months. Among the 10 municipalities that have a higher rate of RSI beneficiaries per 1000 inhabitants, six belong to the São Miguel island, in Azores. RSI monetary reference value has been decreasing when compared to the at-risk of poverty rate threshold in Portugal. This means that RSI beneficiaries are getting poorer among the poor.
The Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation Mission
Creators: name: Edelstein, J.
name: Min, K. W.
name: Han, W.
name: Korpela, E. J.
name: Nishikida, K.
name: Welsh, B. Y.
name: Heiles, C.
name: Adolfo, J.
name: Bowen, M.
name: Feuerstein, W. M.
name: McKee, K.
name: Lim, J. -T.
name: Ryu, K.
name: Shinn, J. -H.
name: Nam, U. -W.
name: Park, J. -H.
name: Yuk, I. -S.
name: Jin, H.
name: Seon, K. I
name: Lee, D. H.
name: Sim, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation (or the Far-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph) instruments, flown aboard the STSAT-1 satellite mission, have provided the first large-area spectral mapping of the cosmic far ultraviolet (FUV, lambda 900-1750 Ang) background. We observe diffuse radiation from hot (10^4 to 10^6 K) and ionized plasmas, molecular hydrogen, and dust scattered starlight. These data provide for the unprecedented detection and discovery of spectral emission from a variety of interstellar environments, including the general medium, molecular clouds, supernova remnants, and super-bubbles. We describe the mission and its data, present an overview of the diffuse FUV sky's appearance and spectrum, and introduce the scientific findings detailed later in this volume.
Null Gravitational Redshift by a Reissner-Nordström Black Hole in the Strong Field Limit
Creators: name: He, Guansheng
name: Pan, Chaohong
name: Zhou, Xia
name: Li, Weijun
name: Li, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational shift of electromagnetic frequency in the strong field limit is usually investigated under the common scenario, where the light receiver is far away from the central body while the emitter is in the strong-field region of the lens. In this paper, the gravitational frequency shift of light caused by a Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole is studied numerically in the traditional strong-field scenario, as well as in the scenario where both the light emission and reception events happen in the strong-field region of the black hole. In order to obtain the numerical results of the gravitational redshift, we first derive the exact null equations of motion in the RN geometry in harmonic coordinates. For a given light observer, a new numerical technique is proposed in the integration of the geodesic equations to determine the spatial position of the emitter, considering the fact that their spatial positions are not always known simultaneously. Our work might be helpful to the related observations for probing strong gravity.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Meissner effect in diffusive normal metal / d-wave superconductor junctions
Creators: name: Yokoyama, T.
name: Tanaka, Y.
name: Golubov, A.
name: Inoue, J.
name: Asano, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Meissner effect in diffusive normal metal / insulator / d-wave superconductor junctions is studied theoretically in the framework of the Usadel equation under the generalized boundary condition. The effect of midgap Andreev resonant states (MARS) formed at the interface of d-wave superconductor is taken into account. It is shown that the formation of MARS suppresses the susceptibility of the diffusive normal metal.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the ISSP International Symposium (ISSP-9) on Quantum Condensed System
Electricity as a Medium of Psychic Life
Creators: name: Borck, Cornelius
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: history of medicine
subject: "electroencephalography"
subject: psychodiagnosis
subject: Weimar Germany
subject: Medizingeschichte
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 943 Geschichte Geschichte Mitteleuropas; Deutschlands

description: Argument When electricity became a commodity in 1900, it furnished Germany with new attractions and revolutionized everyday life with all kinds of tools and gadgets; it also opened up a new space for investigating psycho-physical interaction, reviving ideas of a close linkage between psychic life and electricity. The paper traces the emergence of this electro-psychological framework beyond “electroencephalography,” the recording of electrical brain waves, to “diagnoscopy,” personality profiling by electric phrenology. Diagnoscopy opens a window onto the scientific and public cultures of electricity and psychical processes in Weimar Germany. It garnered enormous attention in the press and was quickly taken up by several institutions for vocational guidance, because it offered a rapid and technological alternative to laborious psychological testing or “subjective” interviewing. Academic psychology and leading figures in brain research reacted with horror; forging counter measures which finally resulted in this technique being denounced as quackery. A few years later, the press celebrated electroencephalography as a mind-reading device, whereas the neuroscientists remained initially skeptical of its significance and the very possibility of an “electroencephalogram” (EEG) before they adapted electroencephalography as a tool for representing various neuro-psychiatric conditions in patterns of recorded signals. The blending of psychophysiology and electrical engineering marks the formation of an electric epistemology in scientific as well as public understanding of the psyche. The transformations of electrodiagnosis from diagnoscopy to the EEG are indicative of a cultural shift in which electricity changed its role from being the power source for experimental apparatuses to becoming a medium of psychic processes.
Supply Chain Management in Agriculture - Including Economics Aspects like Responsibility and Transparency
Creators: name: Mau, Markus
name: Mau, Markus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Supply Chain Management (SCM)
subject: Activity Based Costing (ABC)
subject: Process Transparency
subject: Efficient Consumer Response (ECR)
subject: marketing of quality alternatives

description: Supply Chain Management as a business strategy can combine both microeconomic and macroeconomic aspects of preferred value chains. This paper (1) shows the impact of SCM, (2) stretches out the three dimensions of performance, costs and quality of the processes along the supply chain and (3) highlights the SCM-enabler. The method of a process chain analysis is demonstrated for the allocation of resources. Various results of carried out and studies in progress are given and identified through the classification into economical and management aspects.
Analysis and Market Prospects of a Traditional Calabrian Product
Creators: name: Gulisano, Giovanni
name: Platania, Marco
name: Gulisano, Giovanni
name: Platania, Marco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Traditional product
subject: Rural development
subject: Marketing strategies
subject: Factor Analysis

description: The strategies for exploiting typical production represents a theme of great interest, above all in the measure in which exploitation brought about via adequate marketing strategies allows these products to shed their anonymity. This paper constitutes a contribution in this direction, since it analyses the potential of a traditional product ('Nduja) using multivariate analysis techniques on a sample of consumers, identified by a specific market research survey. This made it possible to define the main characteristics of the type of consumer of this product and to define suitable market segmentation strategies.
10^{-7} contrast ratio at 4.5Lambda/D: New results obtained in laboratory experiments using nano-fabricated coronagraph and multi-Gaussian shaped pupil masks
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Abhijit
name: Thompson, Laird A.
name: Rogosky, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here new experimental results on high contrast imaging of 10^{-7} at 4.5Lambda/D (Lambda = 0.820 microns) by combining a circular focal plane mask (coronagraph) of 2.5Lambda/D diameter and a multi-Gaussian pupil plane mask. Both the masks were fabricated on very high surface quality (Lambda/30) BK7 optical substrates using nano-fabrication techniques of photolithography and metal lift-off. This process ensured that the shaped masks have a useable edge roughness better than Lambda/4 (rms error better than 0.2 microns), a specification that is necessary to realize the predicted theoretical limits of any mask design. Though a theoretical model predicts a contrast level of 10^{-12}, the background noise of the observed images was speckle dominated which reduced the contrast level to 4x10^{-7} at 4.5Lambda/D. The optical setup was built on the University of Illinois Seeing Improvement System (UnISIS) optics table which is at the Coude focus of the 2.5-m telescope of the Mt. Wilson Observatory. We used a 0.820 micron laser source coupled with a 5 micron single-mode fiber to simulate an artificial star on the optical test bench of UnISIS.
description: 9 pages including Figures, published in the OpticsExpress journal (see http://www.opticsexpress.org)
The Fast Decay Process in Recreational Demand Activities and the use of Alternative Count Data Models
Creators: name: Sarker, Rakhal
name: Surry, Yves R.
name: Sarker, Rakhal
name: Surry, Yves R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: fast decay process
subject: recreational demand
subject: count data models
subject: Borel
subject: Yule
subject: logarithmic and generalised Poisson regression models

description: Since the early 1990s, researchers have routinely used count data models (such as the Poisson and negative binomial) to estimate the demand for recreational activities. Along with the success and popularity of count data models in recreational demand analysis during the last decade, a number of shortcomings of standard count data models became obvious to researchers. This had led to the development of new and more sophisticated model specifications. Furthermore, semi-parametric and non-parametric approaches have also made their way into count data models. Despite these advances, however, one interesting issue has received little research attention in this area. This is related to the fast decay process of the dependent variable and the associated long tail. This phenomenon is observed quite frequently in recreational demand studies; most recreationists make one or two trips while a few of them make exceedingly large number of trips. This introduces an extreme form of overdispersion difficult to address in popular count data models. The major objective of this paper is to investigate the issues related to proper modelling of the fast decay process and the associated long tails in recreation demand analysis. For this purpose, we introduce two categories of alternative count data models. The first group includes four alternative count data models, each characterised by a single parameter while the second group includes one count data model characterised by two parameters. This paper demonstrates how these alternative models can be used to properly model the fast decay process and the associated long tail commonly observed in recreation demand analysis. The first four alternative count data models are based on an adaptation of the geometric, Borel, logarithmic and Yule probability distributions to count data models while the second group of models relied on the use of the generalised Poisson probability distribution. All these alternative count data models are empirically implemented using the maximum likelihood estimation procedure and applied to study the demand for moose hunting in Northern Ontario. Econometric results indicate that most of the alternative count data models proposed in this paper are able to capture the fast decay process characterising the number of moose hunting trips. Overall they seem to perform as well as the conventional negative binomial model and better than the Poisson specification. However further investigation of the econometric results reveal that the geometric and generalised Poisson model specifications fare better than the modified Borel and Yule regression models.
Deninger’s conjectures and Weil–Arakelov cohomology
Creators: name: Flach, Matthias
name: Morin, Baptiste
Publisher: name: Mathematisches Institut (Universität Münster)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematics

description: We conjecture the existence of a long exact sequence relating Deninger’s conjectural cohomology to Weil–Arakelov cohomology, the latter being unconditionally defined. We prove this conjecture for smooth projective varieties over finite fields whose Weil-étale motivic cohomology groups are finitely generated. Then we explain the consequences that such an exact sequence would have.
The SPEAR Instrument and On-Orbit Performance
Creators: name: Edelstein, Jerry
name: Korpela, Eric
name: Adolfo, Joe
name: Bowen, Mark
name: Feuerstein, Michael
name: Hull, Jeffrey
name: Jelinsky, Sharon
name: Nishikida, Kaori
name: McKee, Ken
name: Berg, Peter
name: Chung, Ray
name: Fischer, Jorg
name: Min, Kyoung-Wook
name: Oh, Seung-Han
name: Rhee, Jin-Guen
name: Ryu, Kwangsun
name: Shinn, Jong-Ho
name: Han, Wonyong
name: Jin, Ho
name: Lee, Dae-Hee
name: Nam, Uk-Won
name: Park, Jang-Hyun
name: Seon, Kwang-Il
name: Yuk, In-Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SPEAR (or 'FIMS') instrumentation has been used to conduct the first large-scale spectral mapping of diffuse cosmic far ultraviolet (FUV, 900-1750 AA) emission, including important diagnostics of interstellar hot (10^4 K - 10^6 K) and photoionized plasmas, H_2, and dust scattered starlight. The instrumentation's performance has allowed for the unprecedented detection of astrophysical diffuse far UV emission lines. A spectral resolution of 550 and an imaging resolution of 5' is achieved on-orbit in the Short (900 - 1175 AA) and Long (1335 - 1750 AA) bandpass channels within their respective 7.4 deg x 4.3' and 4.0 deg x 4.6' fields of view. We describe the SPEAR imaging spectrographs, their performance, and the nature and handling of their data.
Agri-Environmental Instruments for an Integrated Rural Policy: An Economic Analysis
Creators: name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Komen, Marinus H.C.
name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Komen, Marinus H.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Rural development policy
subject: farmers and non-farmers
subject: integrated rural policy
subject: landscape and recreation

description: The new Rural Development Regulation of the EU reflects the shift of attention within rural areas from agricultural production towards rural development and embraces both, farmers and non-farm residents. While agricultural production is required to comply with environmental standards, rural areas also have to fulfil the growing demand for landscape, outdoor recreation and wildlife conservation. This paper develops a model of a rural area where farmers and non-farm residents live together. A central government uses a combination of two-policy instruments--direct compensation payments and public services -- aimed at encouraging farmers to adopt environmentally beneficial practices and at the same time to increase the provision of country-side amenities and the sustained vitality of the rural area. The optimal mix of the policy instruments is evaluated under various governmental objectives. The analysis suggests that a combination of direct payments to farmers with the supply of local public services is a promising tool for rural policy development initiatives in the EU.
Poultry Farm Practices and Egg Quality
Creators: name: Jasper, A. William
name: Jasper, A. William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: This report is the fourth in a series based on regional studies of egg quality and marketing practices in the North Central States. It concerns the extent to which recommended management practices were used by poultrymen, and the relation of such practices to the quality of eggs marketed. This report concerns the poultry flock management and egg-handling practices followed by 730 midwestern farmers during July, August, and September of 1949 and August and September 1950 and the effect of these practices on the quality of eggs marketed. This report shows that the farmers who followed seven recommended practices sold eggs that averaged 90 percent Grade A and only 4 percent stained and dirty. As the number of recommended practices that were followed decreased the percentage of eggs marketed that were Grade A decreased and the percentage of eggs that were stained and dirty increased.
Retention of calcium carbonate in mechanical pulp suspensions
Creators: name: Modgi, Sivamurthy B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This work investigates the retention of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) in thermo-mechanical pulp suspensions using polyethylene oxide (PEO), phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) system in conjunction with Raifix 120, Raifix 2515 and Raisapac. Raifix is a starch-based polymer produced by Raisio chemicals of Finland. Raisapac is poly hydroxy aluminum chloride and is also manufactured by Raisio chemicals. The PCC used for this work was obtained from Specialty Minerals Inc. and its commercially known as Albafil. To maintain the pH of the PCC loaded pulp suspension to neutral the PCC was treated with phosphoric acid (0.2g/g of PCC). A 10 wt. % PCC suspension was pretreated with phosphoric acid for 24 hours according to the method proposed by Pang (Pang, 2001)and used in the first pass retention experiments. First pass retention experiments were performed using a Britt dynamic drainage jar. A 0.5% pulp suspension was loaded with 20% of pretreated PCC (10 wt.%). At first the retention experiments were done with only PEO and PFR at a PEO dosage of 0.15 mg/g of OD pulp. The retention of fines and pretreated PCC increased by 27% and 62% respectively at a PEO, PFR ratio of 1. Retention experiments were then performed with Raifix (120 or 2515) in conjunction with the PEO, PFR system. The best sequence of addition using Raifix was found to be Raifix-PCC-PFR-PEO. A 32 statistical design of experiments showed that there is a significant interaction between PEO, PFR and Raifix. This interaction was manifested as an increase in retention at a dosage of 0.05 mg/g of PEO, PFR, but decreased at a PEO, PFR dosage of 0.15 mg/g of OD pulp. It is believed that Raifix scavenges PFR and therefore interferes with retention. The sequence used for first pass retention with Raisapac was Raisapac, PCC, PFR and PEO. The retention obtained using Raisapac was greater than that using Raifix but similar to that obtained by PEO, PFR. The effect of DDJ stirrer speed at various rpm was performed with the best retention conditions for PEO, PFR system, Raifix-PEO-PFR and Raisapac-PEO-PFR system.
title: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Aktuelle Beiträge
title: Aktuelle Beiträge
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Berichte über Landwirtschaft-Zeitschrift Für Agrarpolitik Und Landwirtschaft
Publisher: name: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2020

description: Landwirtschaft und ländliche Räume im gesellschaftlichen Wandel
Intervention in Agricultural Systems that Provide Positive Environmental Externalities: an Evaluation of Alternative Instruments
Creators: name: Atance Muniz, Ignacio
name: Bardaji, Isabel
name: Tio, Carlos
name: Atance Muniz, Ignacio
name: Bardaji, Isabel
name: Tio, Carlos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: CAP
subject: agri-environmental schemes
subject: policy instruments evaluation
subject: farm surveys
subject: Positive Mathematical Programming
subject: cereal steppes

description: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) intervenes in most agricultural systems that provide positive environmental externalities using both direct payments and agrienvironmental schemes. In this context, the objective of this paper is to compare the efficiency of the current intervention system versus intervening using agri-environmental payments as a sole instrument. The cereal steppes agroecosystem of Tierra de Campos (Valladolid, Spain) has been selected to develop this comparison. A farm survey and a Positive Mathematical Programming Model have been combined to provide results of both alternative instruments. The farm survey was used to ask the farmers their payments demands to participate in the alternative instrument, supplying also qualitative information about how it is perceived by farmers. The payments demanded were simulated in the model to get environmental and economic indicators for both instruments. Instruments were evaluated using a cost-effectiveness approach were total public expenditure was conserved constant for both. The main conclusion of this research is that policy intervention effectiveness could be potentially increased using an agri-environmental scheme as the unique intervention instrument. Considering this finding, results transferability to other agricultural systems and policy consequences in the context of the CAP are finally discussed.
Spin-polarized proximity effect in superconducting junctions
Creators: name: Yokoyama, T.
name: Tanaka, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin dependent phonomena in superconducting junctions in both ballistic and diffusive regimes. For ballistic junctions we study both ferromagnet / $s$- and d-wave superconductor junctions and two dimensional electron gas / s-wave superconductor junctions with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. It is shown that the exchange field alway suppresses the conductance while the Rashba spin-orbit coupling can enhance it. In the latter part of the article we study the diffusive ferromagnet / insulator / $s$- and d-wave superconductor junctions, where the proximity effect can be enhanced by the exchange field in contrast to common belief. It is shown that the resonant proximity effect originating from the exchange field strongly influences the tunneling conductance and density of states.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Comptes Rendus de l'Acadeacute;mie des Sciences (Comptes Rendus Physique) Special Issue " Magnetism and Superconductivity Coexistence". Figures 4-7 are modified in v2
The relativistic shift of narrow spectral features from black-hole accretion discs
Creators: name: Pechacek, T.
name: Dovciak, M.
name: Karas, V.
name: Matt, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transient spectral features have been discovered in the X-ray spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei, mostly in the 5--7 keV energy range. Several interpretations were proposed for the origin of these features. We examined a model of Doppler boosted blue horns of the iron line originating from a spot in a black hole accretion disc, taking into account different approximations of general relativistic light rays and the resulting shift of energy of photons. We provide a practical formula for the blue horn energy of an intrinsically narrow line and assess its accuracy by comparing the approximation against an exact value, predicted under the assumption of a planar accretion disc. The most accurate approximation provides excellent agreement with the spot orbital radius down to the marginally stable orbit of a non-rotating black hole.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; 8 pages, 5 figures
Landwirtschaft und ländliche Räume im gesellschaftlichen Wandel
Creators: name: Banse, Martin
name: Pelikan, Janine
name: Nieberg, Hiltrud
name: Weingarten, Peter
Publisher: name: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2020

description: Nichts ist so beständig wie der Wandel. Und mit jedem Wandel sind neue Herausforderungen verbunden. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellte die Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues das Thema „Landwirtschaft und ländliche Räume im gesellschaftlichen Wandel“ in den Mittelpunkt ihrer 59. Jahrestagung, die vom 25. – 27. September 2019 am Thünen-Institut in Braunschweig stattfand. Vor der eigentlichen Tagung fanden die Prä-Konferenz-Workshops statt, bei denen Bodenmärkte, Einstiegs- und Geschäftsmodelle von Neueinsteigern sowie Erwartungen an die Bioökonomie im Fokus standen. Anschließend eröffneten Plenarvorträge zur Entwicklung der Kulturlandschaft, zu regionalen Disparitäten und gleichwertigen Lebensverhältnissen, den Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung für die Landwirtschaft sowie zu den Veränderungen im globalisierten „Food-System“ die Tagung. Mit diesem breit gesteckten Feld wurde an den darauf folgenden zwei Konferenztagen in Beiträgen sowohl aus den Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues als auch aus anderen Disziplinen, wie z.B. der Geographie oder der Politikwissenschaft das Thema betrachtet und von den 247 Teilnehmer*innen intensiv diskutiert. In 36 Arbeitsgruppenvorträgen und 23 Posterpräsentationen wurde den Auswirkungen des Wandels in Hinblick auf die wirtschaftlichen, politischen und gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Die Situation von Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen im Bereich der Agrar- und Ernährungsökonomie in Deutschland wurde in einer “Organized Session“ mit vier Beiträgen dargestellt und diskutiert.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Aktuelle Beiträge
Fermionic dispersion relations in ultradegenerate relativistic plasmas beyond leading logarithmic order
Creators: name: Gerhold, A.
name: Rebhan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the dispersion relations of fermionic quasiparticles in ultradegenerate plasmas by a complete evaluation of the on-shell hard-dense-loop-resummed one-loop fermion self energy for momenta of the order of the Fermi momentum and above. In the case of zero temperature, we calculate the nonanalytic terms in the vicinity of the Fermi surface beyond the known logarithmic approximation, which turn out to involve fractional higher powers in the energy variable. For nonzero temperature (but much smaller than the chemical potential), we obtain the analogous expansion in closed form, which is then analytic but involves polylogarithms. These expansions are compared with a full numerical evaluation of the resulting group velocities and damping coefficients.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, REVTeX4, v2: minor improvements
Instantons and Bows for the Classical Groups
Creators: name: Cherkis, Sergey A.
name: Hurtubise, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The construction of Atiyah, Drinfeld, Hitchin, and Manin [ADHM78] provided complete description of all instantons on Euclidean four-space. It was extended by Kronheimer and Nakajima to instantons on ALE spaces, resolutions of orbifolds $\mathbb{R}^4/Γ$ by a finite subgroup $Γ\subset SU(2).$ We consider a similar classification, in the holomorphic context, of instantons on some of the next spaces in the hierarchy, the ALF multi-Taub-NUT manifolds, showing how they tie in to the bow solutions to Nahm's equations [Che09] via the Nahm correspondence. Recently in [Nak18a] and [NT17], based on [Nak03], Nakajima and Takayama constructed the Coulomb branch of the moduli space of vacua of a quiver gauge theory, tying them to the same space of bow solutions. One can view our construction as describing the same manifold as the Higgs branch of the mirror gauge theory [COS11]. Our construction also yields the monad construction of holomorphic instanton bundles on the multi-Taub-NUT space for any classical compact Lie structure group.
description: To appear in memorial volume dedicated to Michael Atiyah. 53 pages, 1 figure
Introducing Different Land Uses (Irrigated and Non-Irrigated) in Policy Analysis Modelling for Mediterranean Countries
Creators: name: Casado, Jose Maria
name: Gracia, Azucena
name: Casado, Jose Maria
name: Gracia, Azucena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: CAP reform
subject: Partial equilibrium model
subject: policy modelling
subject: irrigated agriculture
subject: simulation

description: The arable crop sector in Spain is highly dependent of the Community subsidies and account for 33% of total transfers received by the Community. Then, it is expected that the introduction of the Single Farm Payment (SFP) will drive important changes in the arable crop production in Spain. The quantitative assessment of the SFP impacts on the arable crop sector in Spain is the overall objective of this paper. To achieve this goal, an econometric, dynamic, multi-product and partial equilibrium commodity model has been built disaggregating between irrigated and non-irrigated land use for cereals called Spanish Econometric Simulation of Agricultural Policies (SESAP). Results indicated that the introduction of the SFP has only induced considerable changes from the Agenda 2000 in the supply side, having found only small changes in imports and exports, and insignificant or null changes in domestic use. Cereals and oilseeds production is expected higher decreases under the SFP scenario than under the Agenda 2000. The main differences between irrigated and non-irrigated production of the different cereals are two. Wheat and barley are mainly produced in non-irrigated land where production shows less dependence on policy changes in the case of wheat and have a positive impact in the case of barley. However, barely and maize irrigated production would have remained constant under the Agenda 2000 but a decrease of 25% is predicted under the SFP scenario. In addition, maize is mainly produced in irrigated land, and the non-irrigated production will enormously decrease until almost disappear in the near future.
Will Fat Taxes Cause Americans to Become Fatter? Some Evidence from US Meats
Creators: name: Clark, J. Stephen
name: Levedahl, J. William
name: Clark, J. Stephen
name: Levedahl, J. William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Price and income elasticities of fat from meats are estimated by decomposing composite demand for meat into the produ ct of total calories, the fraction of calories eat as fat, and a residual measure of quality. This demand-characteristic system provides estimates of the impact of prices and income on the fraction of calories eaten as fat as well as their affect on the total consumption of fat. Empirical estimates of the comp ensated own-price elasticities of meats suggest that a fat tax designed to raise revenues to finance nutritional education efforts may increase the total consumption of fat.
Five-brane Calibrations and Fuzzy Funnels
Creators: name: Berman, David S.
name: Copland, Neil B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generalisation of the Basu-Harvey equation that describes membranes ending on intersecting five-brane configurations corresponding to various calibrated geometries.
description: 20 pages, latex, v2: typos fixed and refs added
The Effect of Farm Labor Organization on IPM Adoption: Empirical Evidence from Thailand
Creators: name: Beckmann, Volker
name: Irawan, Evi
name: Wesseler, Justus
name: Beckmann, Volker
name: Irawan, Evi
name: Wesseler, Justus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Labor Organization
subject: IPM Adoption
subject: IV -Tobit
subject: Farm labor
subject: Agricultural Extension

description: This paper examines the empirical evidence of a theoretical economic model of the effect of labor organization on IPM adoption developed by Beckmann and Wes seler (2003). We use cross section data collected from the participatory farming system survey of 150 durian growers in Chanthaburi, Thailand, on March - April 2005. In contrast to many studies of IPM adoption, this work uses the form of farm labor organiza tion as endogenous factor for identifying the rate of IPM adoption of durian growers. Instrumental variables method was employed to relate econometrically a set of suspected variables as instruments of labor organization to the rate of IPM adoption of duri an growers. Results show that, among others, farms employing hired labor have a lower adoption rate of IPM, which supports the theoretical model.
Mechanical Properties of Viral Capsids
Creators: name: Zandi, Roya
name: Reguera, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Viruses are known to tolerate wide ranges of pH and salt conditions and to withstand internal pressures as high as 100 atmospheres. In this paper we investigate the mechanical properties of viral capsids, calling explicit attention to the inhomogeneity of the shells that is inherent to their discrete and polyhedral nature. We calculate the distribution of stress in these capsids and analyze their response to isotropic internal pressure (arising, for instance, from genome confinement and/or osmotic activity). We compare our results with appropriate generalizations of classical (i.e., continuum) elasticity theory. We also examine competing mechanisms for viral shell failure, e.g., in-plane crack formation versus radial bursting. The biological consequences of the special stabilities and stress distributions of viral capsids are also discussed.
description: 12 pages
Two body B decays with isosinglet final states in SCET
Creators: name: Williamson, Alexander R.
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Expressions for decay amplitudes of B0, B- and Bs mesons to two light pseudoscalar or vector mesons, including isosinglet mesons eta, eta', omega, phi, are obtained using Soft Collinear Effective Theory at LO in 1/mb. These are then used to predict unmeasured branching ratios, direct and indirect CP asymmetries in B0, B- and Bs decays into two light pseudoscalars, following a determination of nonperturbative SCET parameters from existing data using a chi-squared fit. A separate discussion of indirect CP asymmetries in penguin dominated B0 --> eta' K(S/L), pi0 K(S/L) decays is given.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures; experimental upper bounds added in Table VII; equivalent to published version
Mapping oscillating magnetic fields around rechargeable batteries
Creators: name: Benders, Stefan
name: Mohammadi, Mohaddese
name: Ganter, Matthew J.
name: Klug, Christopher. A.
name: Jerschow, Alexej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Power storage devices such as batteries are a crucial part of modern technology. The development and use of batteries has accelerated in the past decades, yet there are only a few techniques that allow gathering vital information from battery cells in a nonivasive fashion. A widely used technique to investigate batteries is electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which provides information on how the impedance of a cell changes as a function of the frequency of applied alternating currents. Building on recent developments of inside-out MRI (ioMRI), a technique is presented here which produces spatially-resolved maps of the oscillating magnetic fields originating from the alternating electrical currents distributed within a cell. The technique works by using an MRI pulse sequence synchronized with a gated alternating current applied to the cell terminals. The approach is benchmarked with a current-carrying wire coil, and demonstrated with commercial and prototype lithium-ion cells. Marked changes in the fields are observed for different cell types.
description: Submitted to Journal of Magnetic Resonance
High-energy emission from off-axis relativistic jets
Creators: name: Derishev, E. V.
name: Aharonian, F. A.
name: Kocharovsky, Vl. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze how the spectrum of synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation from a narrow relativistic jet changes with the observation angle. It is shown that diversity of acceleration mechanisms (in particular, taking the converter mechanism (Derishev et al. 2003) into account) allows for numerous modifications of the observed spectrum. In general, the off-axis emission in GeV-TeV energy range appears to be brighter, has a much harder spectrum and a much higher cut-off frequency compared to the values derived from Doppler boosting considerations alone. The magnitude of these effects depends on the details of particle acceleration mechanisms, what can be used to discriminate between different models. One of the implications is the possibility to explain high-latitude unidentified EGRET sources as off-axis but otherwise typical relativistic-jet sources, such as blazars. We also discuss the broadening of beam pattern in application to bright transient jet sources, such as Gamma-Ray Bursts.
description: 6 pages, Proceedings of the International Symposium "High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy", 26-30 July 2004, Heidelberg, Germany
Exchange Coupling in a One-Dimensional Wigner Crystal
Creators: name: Klironomos, A. D.
name: Ramazashvili, R. R.
name: Matveev, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a long quantum wire at low electron densities. In this strong interaction regime a Wigner crystal may form, in which electrons comprise an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain. The coupling constant J is exponentially small, as it originates from tunneling of two neighboring electrons through the segregating potential barrier. We study this exponential dependence, properly accounting for the many-body effects and the finite width of the wire.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Market Power in UK Food Retailing: Theory and Evidence from Seven Product Groups
Creators: name: Lloyd, Tim A.
name: McCorriston, Steve
name: Morgan, C. Wyn
name: Rayner, Anthony J.
name: Weldegebriel, Habtu T.
name: Lloyd, Tim A.
name: McCorriston, Steve
name: Morgan, C. Wyn
name: Rayner, Anthony J.
name: Weldegebriel, Habtu T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: imperfect competition
subject: Cointegrated VARs
subject: UK food industry

description: Establishing the presence of market power in food chains has become an increasingly pertinent line of enquiry given the trend towards increasing concentration that has been observed in many parts of the world. This paper presents a theoretical model of price transmission in vertically related markets under imperfect competition. The model delivers a quasi-reduced form representation that is empirically tractable using readily available market data to test for the presence of market power. In particular, we show that the hypothesis of perfect competition can be rejected if shocks to the demand and supply function are significant and correctly signed in price transmission equations. Using a cointegrated vector autoregression, we find empirical results that are consistent with downstream market power in six out of seven food products investigated, supporting both the findings of the UK competition authority's recent investigation in to supermarkets and renewed calls for further scrutiny of supermarket behaviour by the UK's Office of Trading.
Leonard K. Elmhirst Lecture: Empowering Rural People for Their Own Development
Creators: name: Binswanger, Hans P.
name: Binswanger, Hans P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This Elmhirst lecture first discusses the features of the institutional environment which allow rural people in low income countries to design, plan and implement their own rural development. These are divided into two broad groups: the institutional environment for rural development (environment for the private sector, communities and civil society, local government, and sector institutions) and the many factors governing profitability of investment in agriculture. While in many poor countries the institutional environment has improved over the last 20 years, the most poorly performing countries still have by far the poorest environment for local government in the world. Within an empowering institutional environment, the rate of agricultural and rural development is determined by investments of many different types that in turn depend primarily on the profitability of agriculture. The paper discusses the large number of factors which determine profitability. Few of these are under the direct control of farmers or agricultural sector institutions, but depend on governance and investments in other sectors such as trade and transport. In many of the poorest countries there has been considerable improvement in macroeconomic management and sector policies over the past 20 years, but progress in international and intra-regional trade policies, in agricultural trade policies, in transport infrastructure, and in agricultural research and extension have been limited.
Compound nuclear decay and the liquid to vapor phase transition: a physical picture
Creators: name: Moretto, L. G.
name: Elliott, J. B.
name: Phair, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analyses of multifragmentation in terms of the Fisher droplet model (FDM) and the associated construction of a nuclear phase diagram bring forth the problem of the actual existence of the nuclear vapor phase and the meaning of its associated pressure. We present here a physical picture of fragment production from excited nuclei that solves this problem and establishes the relationship between the FDM and the standard compound nucleus decay rate for rare particles emitted in first-chance decay. The compound thermal emission picture is formally equivalent to a FDM-like equilibrium description and avoids the problem of the vapor while also explaining the observation of Boltzmann-like distribution of emission times. In this picture a simple Fermi gas thermometric relation is naturally justified and verified in the fragment yields and time scales. Low energy compound nucleus fragment yields scale according to the FDM and lead to an estimate of the infinite symmetric nuclear matter critical temperature between 18 and 27 MeV depending on the choice of the surface energy coefficient of nuclear matter.
description: Five page two column pages, four figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C
The Instrumental Benefits of Cross-Class Interaction
Creators: name: Mejia, Marian
Publisher: name: Pinagpala Publishing Services
Year: 2024

description: Society is comprised of individuals from diverse economic backgrounds, and fostering cross-class interaction can lead to a multitude of positive outcomes. Encouraging meaningful interactions between individuals from different social classes can break down barriers, promote empathy, and create a stronger sense of community. This article explores the benefits of cross-class interaction and highlights why it is crucial for building a more equitable and inclusive society.