Penaincisalia browni
Creators: name: Prieto, Carlos
name: Bálint, Zsolt
name: Boyer, Pierre
name: Micó, Estefanía
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Penaincisalia
Penaincisalia browni

description: Penaincisalia browni (Johnson, 1992)   
(Figs. 2–5, 26, 34, 44, 50)  
 Thecloxurina browni Johnson, 1992: 6, figs. 4, 100.   
 Pons browni (Johnson, 1992) Bálint & Wojtusiak, 2001: 380.   
 Penaincisalia browni (Johnson, 1992), Robbins, 2004: 121.   
 Type material: “ Thecloxurina browni ”: Holotype female, Ecuador: Hda. Talahua, 3100m., Leg. F. M. Brown, 29 April 1939, deposited in AMNH.   
 Taxonomic history: This species was described on the basis of the female holotype originating from Ecuador and placed in the genus Thecloxurina. Subsequently, Bálint & Wojtusiak (2001) transferred this species into the genus Pons but considered it as the female of P. purpurea Johnson, 1992. Later, Robbins (2004) placed P. browni as senior synonym of P. regala Le Crom & Johnson, 1997 probably due to the similar features of the females of the two species. However, P. regala is an endemic species from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and we consider it a valid species (see below). The male of P. browni was usually confused with P. saraha males, but we found several consistent differences in the male genitalia valval shape, wing pattern and androconia between the two species. We characterize and illustrate below the male of P. browni for the first time.   
 Diagnosis: The male of Penaincisalia browni is distinguished from the phenotypically closest species P. saraha by having a lighter grey androconial cluster associated with a more gleaming structural blue color (Fig. 26), the hindwing is more rounded in P.saraha and the valval ventral keel of P. browni is conspicuously rounded (Fig. 34), while the P.saraha androconia is dark associated with a deeper structural color, valval ventral keel is smaller and pointed (Fig. 35).   
 Identification. Male. Dorsal surface: Both wings with iridescent blue-purple except for a black border (approximately 3–4 mm) in submarginal and marginal area. Costal margin black on both wings. Forewing scent pad large (approximately 1/3 – 1/4 discal cell length) oval in shape and light gray. Ventral surface: Ground color in both wings dark brown to reddish brown. Forewing medial band dark and straight. Forewing submarginal elements appear as six small, well differentiated black spots. Distance between medial and submarginal bands with width less than two times the width between submarginal band and wing margin (measured at CuA2 cell level). Hindwing discal margin appears as an irregular, zigzag dark brown medial band crossing the wing surface, sometimes bordered distally by white scales. Hindwing submarginal elements appear as six or seven irregular ill-defined spots or lines. Hindwing fringes compound by white scales.   
 Body: Thorax dark brown, abdomen dark brown dorsally and orange ventrally.   
 Genitalia: Eighth abdominal tergite simple and in shape rectangle; caudal extension of valvae in lateral view approximately with 1/3 valval length. Valval ventral keel severely rounded.   
 Female. Wing shape: hindwing apex rounded and anal tail occurring as a lateral lobe accompanied by a long tail extending from vein CuA2 terminus. Dorsal surface: Both wings light blue with a broad and illdefined black border (approximately 5 mm wide) at submarginal and marginal wing areas. Ventral surface: Ground color of both wings light brown. Basal disc, medial and submarginal bands as in male.   
 Genitalia: Posterior region of ductus bursae two times longer than that of anterior region. Anterior and posterior sections of ductus bursae not divided by a conspicuous membranous area.   
 Distribution. Spatial: The species is known from several localities in Ecuador, in the Western and Central Cordilleras of Colombia (Fig. 50) between 2600m and 3500m above sea level. Temporal: Known from October, March, May, June, September and December.   
 Biology: Males were often encountered perching or flying as solitary individuals or in groups on hilltops. They rested on small trees or bushes 3–5 meters above the ground and were active on their perching sites around midday. Males were usually attracted by rotted fish baited traps. Nothing is known about life cycles or host plants of this species.   
 Material examided (45 ♂; 6 ♀)   
 COLOMBIA: 7 ♂ CP; Cauca: PNN Munchique, Cerro Santana, 3100m, 22/09/05, m633–m639; 9 ♂ CP; PNN Munchique, Veinte de Julio, 2800m, Marzo /2006; 2 ♂ * CP; PNN Munchique, Veinte de Julio, Mayo / 2006./ 2 ♂ CP: PNN Puracé, Pilimbalá, 3100m, 20.IX.06. Leg. C. Prieto. Quindío : 3 ♂ * CP: La línea, 3000, 12.IX.06. Leg. C. Prieto.   
 ECUADOR: Tungurahua: 1 ♂ HNHM: volcán Tungurahua, vía Baños- Pondoa, 3375m, 17–20.I.2002, Leg. Wojtusiak & Garlacz. / 1 ♂ MZUJ: Prov. Tungurahua, Volcán Tungurahua, Runtun, 2800m, 22.I.2002, Leg. J. Wojtusiak & Garlacz. / 2 ♂ MZUJ: Prov. Tungurahua, Volcán Tungurahua, Baños-Pondoa road, 3200m, 17–20.I.2002, Leg. J. Wojtusiak & Garlacz. / 1 ♀ MZUJ: Prov. Tungurahua, Volcán Tungurahua, Runtun 2800m 22.I.2002, Leg. J. Wojtusiak & Garlacz / 1 ♂ PB: Tungurahua, El Tablón, 3100m, VIII.2002, Leg. E. Aldas. / 1 ♀ HNHM: Baños, Runtún, 3000m, VIII.98. Coll.. J. Wojtusiak. / 1 ♀ HNHM: Tungurahua volcán, vía Baños-Pondoa, 3300m, 17–20.I.2002. Leg. Wojtusiak & Garlacz./ Pichincha: 1 ♂ HNHM: Calacali, Pela Gallo, 3100m, 29.I.2002, Leg. Wojtusiak, Pyrcz & Garlacz. / 3 ♂ HNHM: Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua, Moraspungo, 3080m, 23.XII.93. Leg. G. Kareofelas- C.W. Witham. / 2♂ HNHM: Tandapi, 2800m, II.02, Coll.. J. Wojtusiak. / 3 ♂ MZUJ: Prov. Pichincha, Chillogallo, San Juan, Vía La Victoria, 3300–3400m, 30.I.2002, Leg. T. Pyrcz & J. Wojtusiak. / 1 ♂ PB: Nono vs Nanegallo, Km 2–5, 2400–2700m, Leg. P. Boyer./ Loja: 2 ♂ MZUJ: Saraguro, Vía las Antenas, 3200m, 15.IX.2004, Leg. Pyrcz & Wojtusiak. / 1 ♂ PB: Loja, Lagunillas, Amaluza vs Zumba km 33, 3200/ 3300m, Leg. P. Boyer. / 1 ♂ PB: Loja, Saraguro, Las Antenas, 3000–3200m, 10.II.2004, Leg. P. Boyer./ Carchi: 2 ♂ * MZUJ: Prov. Carchi, Volcán Chiles, vía Tufiño-Maldonado, 3100m, 27.VIII.2004, Leg. J. Wojtusiak & T. Pyrcz. / 1 ♀ * MZUJ: Prov. Carchi, Volcán Chiles, vía Tufiño-Maldonado, 3100m, 27.VIII.2004, Leg. J. Wojtusiak & T. Pyrcz./ Cotopaxi: 2 ♀ MZUJ: Prov. Cotopaxi, vía La maná, Pilaló, 3200m, 2.IX.2004. Leg. J. Wojtusiak & T. Pyrcz./ Napo: 1 ♂ PB: Napo, Papallacta, 3300/ 3400m, 15.II.2004, Leg. P. Boyer.
description: Published as part of Prieto, Carlos, Bálint, Zsolt, Boyer, Pierre & Micó, Estefanía, 2008, A review of the " browni group " of Penaincisalia with notes on their distribution and variability (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 1941 (1) on pages 5-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1941.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5231015