Paracycloneura Tonnoir & Edwards 1927
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Kallweit, Uwe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Paracycloneura

description: Genus Paracycloneura Tonnoir & Edwards 1927
Tonnoir & Edwards 1927: 825 (description).
Type species. Paracycloneura apicalis Tonnoir in Tonnoir & Edwards 1927, by original designation.
Diagnosis. Synapomorphic character states of Paracycloneura are the mid tibial organ present in both sexes (which is exceptional among Leiini, cf. Väisänen 1986: 203), and the presumed male tergite 9 present as a narrow, sclerotized bridge on the basal gonocoxal margin (Fig. 71). The top of the head is pointed and situated on the same level with the ventral margin of the mesonotum (Fig. 39). The lateral ocelli are situated close to the eye margins (Fig. 32). The scutum is pointed anteriorly and protruding (Fig. 39). Preepisternum 2 and laterotergite are in touch ventrally (Fig. 39). Sc is short and ends free; M is one-branched; CuA2 is slightly bent, not sinuous; and A1 runs almost parallel to and separate from CuA2 (Fig. 19).
Redescription. Color. Brown with lighter legs. Head. Head capsule in lateral view higher than long, pointed on top. Foramen situated clearly above midheight of head. Median convexity of postgenae not sclerotized. Frons asetose. Frontal furrow complete. Frontal tubercle 1-pointed. Antennae inserted below midheight of head. Scape little longer than pedicel, both setose. Fourteen flagellomeres; individual flagellomere cylindrical, with very short stalk; node much longer than wide, densely covered with short trichia; setae largely absent except 2–3 on apical flagellomeres. Numerous fine interommatidial setulae. Three ocelli almost in line, situated frontally, median ocellus slightly smaller than laterals, the latter almost in touch with eye margins. A row of 3 strong bristles behind upper eye margins, 1 pair of strong bristles directed anteriorly between lateral ocelli. Face subrectangular, weakly sclerotized, with few fine setae. Clypeus ovate, with few fine setae. Labrum very small, weakly sclerotized. Stipes setose. Lacinia vestigial. Maxillary palpus long, 5-segmented, with 2 segments proximally of presumed third; basalmost segment weak, asetose; third segment with sensory pit; apical segment longest, twice as long as preceding segment. Prementum weak, asetose. Premental apodemes fused mesally, with 2 posterior processes. Labellum setose laterally; prestomal teeth in long, dense row.
Thorax. High, scutum index 2.2, episternum index 1.1. Postpronotum asetose. Suture between antepronotum and proepisternum incomplete; both sclerites setose. Proepimeron situated posteroventrally of proepisternum, long and pointed, fitting into notch of preepisternum 2. Basisternum 1 asetose. Anepisternum smaller than preepisternum 2, with distinct suture between, asetose like all other pleural sclerites. Ventral portion of anepimeron subtriangular, not reaching to ventral thorax margin. Mid-pleural pit well developed, pleural apodeme funnel-shaped. Laterotergite bulging, asetose, rounded ventrally, narrowed dorsally, anteroventrally in touch with preepisternum 2. Scutum pointed and protruding anteriorly, with evenly distributed setae intermingled with bristles. Prescutum not traceable. Scutellum setose, 2 lateral bristles. Hind margin of mediotergite almost straight.
Wing. Long, wing index 2.5. Membrane with light brown tinge and dark subapical transverse fascia, or apex completely dark, with microtrichia on both sites and usually some setae along posterior margin. Calypterous lobe developed, with large setae along margin. Dmp asetose. Anal lobe evenly rounded. C extending much beyond apex of R5 and up to wing apex. Sc short, ending free. One crossvein (Rs) between R1 and R 5 in proximal half of wing. R1 longer than ta, ending in distal half of wing. R5 straight. M onebranched, straight. CuA1 short, detached basally. CuA2 slightly bent before half-length. CuP short. A1 weak, running almost parallel to and reaching to level of bend of CuA2. A2 present, slightly furcate. Dorsal setae on all veins except h, Sc, Rs, and CuP. Ventral setae on R1 and R5. Halter with light stem and dark knob. Legs. Hind coxa not widened subbasally. Tibial and tarsal trichia irregularly arranged. Fore tibia shorter than femur, with 1 ventral seta. Fore tibial organ with semicircular rim, with numerous trichia of which the distalmost form a comb. Mid tibia with 4 rows of setae; in both sexes with dorsomesal groove of fine, pale translucent sensilla intermingled with very dense microtrichia, this mid-tibial organ occupies one third of tibia length. Hind tibia with 5 rows of setae, longest setae little longer than tibial diameter; apical comb of pale setae present. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, with serrated rims, on mid and hind tibiae unequal in length. Empodia small. Pulvilli not traceable. Claws with each 1 large and small tooth.
Abdomen. Segments 1–8 setose. Male segments 7 and 8 very short, both tergites and sternites bearing large setae arranged in long rows along distal margins. Tergites and sternites in both sexes without weakly pigmented lateral lines.
Male terminalia. Rotated 90°. Sternite 9 present as small membranous protrusion between gonocoxites. A narrow, sclerotized, subrectangular bridge on basal gonocoxal margin presumedly represents tergite 9 or a composite structure involving parts of it. Gonocoxites capsule-like, deeply emarginated ventrally, with large membranous dorsal portion; with apicoventral, mesal and apicodorsal lobes. Gonocoxal apodemes interconnected by weakly sclerotized bridge; postGA and antGA short. Gonostylus long and slender, largely hidden among gonocoxal lobes, inserted ventrally on gonocoxal capsule. Aedeagus and parameres forming complex, partly sclerotized structure. Hypoproct incised apicomesally, membranous, with 1 seta on either side. Cerci largely merged, rather small-sized, with apical and ventral setae. Female terminalia. Only 1 specimen in poor shape. Gonocoxite 8 with numerous large apical setae. Cercus setose, basicercus 1.5 times as long as disticercus, the latter elongate ovate.
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Kallweit, Uwe, 2009, The Cycloneura Marshall group of genera in New Zealand (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Leiini), pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2090 on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187484