cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The velocity distribution of outflows driven by choked jets in stellar envelopes
Creators: name: Pais, Matteo
name: Piran, Tsvi
name: Nakar, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: Many stripped envelope supernovae (SNe) present a signature of high-velocity material responsible for broad absorption lines in the observed spectrum. These include SNe that are associated with long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) and low-luminosity GRBs (llGRBs), and SNe that are not associated with GRBs. Recently it was suggested that this high velocity material originates from a cocoon that is driven by a relativistic jet. In LGRBs this jet breaks out successfully from the stellar envelope, while in llGRBs and SNe that are not associated with GRBs the jet is choked. Here we use numerical simulations to explore the velocity distribution of an outflow that is driven by a choked jet and its dependence on the jet and progenitor properties. We find that in all cases where the jet is not choked too deep within the star, the outflow carries a roughly constant amount of energy per logarithmic scale of proper velocity over a wide range of velocities, which depends mostly on the cocoon volume at the time of its breakout. This is a universal property of jets driven outflows, which does not exist in outflows of spherically symmetric explosions or when the jets are choked very deep within the star. We therefore conclude that jets that are choked (not too deep) provide a natural explanation to the fast material seen in the early spectra of stripped envelope SNe that are not associated with LGRBs and that properties of this material could reveal information on the otherwise hidden jets.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS
Extraction of the Coulomb Sum Rule, Transverse Enhancement, and Longitudinal Quenching from an Analysis of all Available e-$^{12}$C and e-$^{16}$O Cross Section Data
Creators: name: Bodek, A.
name: Christy, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a phenomenological analysis of all available electron scattering data on ${\rm ^{12}C}$ (about 6600 differential cross section measurements) and on ${\rm ^{16}O}$ (about 250 measurements) within the framework of the quasielastic (QE) superscaling model (including Pauli blocking). All QE and inelastic cross section measurements are included down to the lowest momentum transfer $\bf q$ (including photo-production data). We find that there is enhancement of the transverse QE response function ($R_T^{QE}$) and quenching of the QE longitudinal response function ($R_L^{QE}$) at low $\bf q$ (in addition to Pauli blocking). We extract parameterizations of a $multiplicative$ low $\bf q$ "Longitudinal Quenching Factor" and an $additive$ "Transverse Enhancement" contribution. Additionally, we find that the excitation of nuclear states contribute significantly (up to 30\%) to the Coulomb Sum Rule $SL({\bf q})$. We extract the most accurate determination of $SL({\bf q})$ to date and find it to be in reasonable agreement with recent theoretical calculations.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D (letter)
Dispersion-theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic form factors of the $Λ$ hyperon
Creators: name: Lin, Yong-Hui
name: Hammer, Hans-Werner
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic form factors of the $Λ$ hyperon in the time-like region are determined precisely through a dispersion-theoretical analysis of the world data for the cross section of the annihilation process $e^+e^-\to \barΛΛ$. The spectral function is represented by a superposition of narrow and broad vector meson poles. We test different scenarios for the spectral function and obtain a good description of the world data in the time-like region. The uncertainties in the extracted form factors are estimated by means of the bootstrap sampling method. The analytical continuation of the form factors to the space-like region introduces large errors due to the lack of data. When the electric $Λ$ radius from chiral perturbation theory is taken as a constraint, the magnetic radius is predicted as $r_M = 0.681 \pm 0.002$ fm. We also extract various vector meson to baryon coupling constants.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Nodal higher-order topological superconductivity from a $\mathcal{C}_4$-symmetric Dirac semimetal
Creators: name: Wu, Zhenfei
name: Wang, Yuxuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the topological properties of the possible superconducting states emerging from a Cd$_3$As$_2$-like, $\mathcal{C}_4$-symmetric Dirac semimetal, with two four-fold degenerate Dirac points separated in the $k_z$ direction. Unlike the simplest Weyl semimetal for which all pairing orders are topologically obstructed and nodal, we show that the topological obstruction for pairing in Dirac semimetals crucially only exists for certain pairing symmetries. In particular, we focus on odd-parity $B_{1u}$ and $B_{2u}$ pairing states, both of which can be induced by Ising ferromagnetic fluctuations. The $B_{1u}$ and $B_{2u}$ pairing states inherit the topological obstruction from the normal state, which dictates that these states necessarily hosts four Bogolibov- de Gennes (BdG) Dirac point nodes protected by a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ monopole charge. By a Wannier state analysis, we show that the topological obstruction in the superconducting states is of higher-order nature. As a result, in a rod geometry with gapped surfaces, arcs of higher-order Majorana zero modes exist in certain $k_z$ regions of the hinges between the BdG Dirac points. Unlike Fermi arcs in Weyl semimetals, the higher-order Majorana arcs are stable against self-annihilation due to an additional $\mathbb{Z}$-valued monopole charge of the BdG Dirac points protected by $\mathcal{C}_4$ symmetry. We find that the same $\mathbb{Z}$-valued charge is also carried by $B_{1g}$ and $B_{2g}$ channels, where the BdG spectrum hosts bulk ``nodal cages", i.e., cages formed by nodal lines, that are stable against symmetry preserving perturbations.
Computational design of antimicrobial active surfaces via automated Bayesian optimization
Creators: name: Zhai, Hanfeng
name: Yeo, Jingjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Biofilms pose significant problems for engineers in diverse fields, such as marine science, bioenergy, and biomedicine, where effective biofilm control is a long-term goal. The adhesion and surface mechanics of biofilms play crucial roles in generating and removing biofilm. Designing customized nano-surfaces with different surface topologies can alter the adhesive properties to remove biofilms more easily and greatly improve long-term biofilm control. To rapidly design such topologies, we employ individual-based modeling and Bayesian optimization to automate the design process and generate different active surfaces for effective biofilm removal. Our framework successfully generated ideal nano-surfaces for biofilm removal through applied shear and vibration. Densely distributed short pillar topography is the optimal geometry to prevent biofilm formation. Under fluidic shearing, the optimal topography is to sparsely distribute tall, slim, pillar-like structures. When subjected to either vertical or lateral vibrations, thick trapezoidal cones are found to be optimal. Optimizing the vibrational loading indicates a small vibration magnitude with relatively low frequencies is more efficient in removing biofilm. Our results provide insights into various engineering fields that require surface-mediated biofilm control. Our framework can also be applied to more general materials design and optimization.
Free Fermion Cyclic/Symmetric Orbifold CFTs and Entanglement Entropy
Creators: name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
name: Tsuda, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the properties of two-dimensional CFTs defined by cyclic and symmetric orbifolds of free Dirac fermions, especially by focusing on the partition function and entanglement entropy. Via the bosonization, we construct the twist operators which glue two complex planes to calculate the partition function of Z_2 orbifold CFT on a torus. We also find an expression of Z_N cyclic orbifold in terms of Hecke operators, which provides an explicit relation between the partition functions of cyclic orbifolds and those of symmetric ones. We compute the entanglement entropy and Renyi entropy in cyclic orbifolds on a circle both for finite temperature states and for time-dependent states under quantum quenches. We find that the replica method calculation is highly non-trivial and new because of the contributions from replicas with different boundary conditions. We find the full expression for the Z_2 orbifold and show that the periodicity gets doubled. Finally, we discuss extensions of our results on entanglement entropy to symmetric orbifold CFTs and make a heuristic argument towards holographic CFTs.
description: 54 pages, 8 figures
Nonthermal Particle Acceleration in 3D Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Pair Plasma
Creators: name: Werner, Gregory R.
name: Uzdensky, Dmitri A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a fundamental process converting magnetic to plasma energy in high-energy astrophysical plasmas, relativistic magnetic reconnection is a leading explanation for the acceleration of particles to the ultrarelativistic energies necessary to power nonthermal emission (especially X-rays and gamma-rays) in pulsar magnetospheres and pulsar wind nebulae, coronae and jets of accreting black holes, and gamma-ray bursts. An important objective of plasma astrophysics is therefore the characterization of nonthermal particle acceleration (NTPA) effected by reconnection. Reconnection-powered NTPA has been demonstrated over a wide range of physical conditions using large two-dimensional (2D) kinetic simulations. However, its robustness in realistic 3D reconnection -- in particular, whether the 3D relativistic drift-kink instability (RDKI) disrupts NTPA -- has not been systematically investigated, although pioneering 3D simulations have observed NTPA in isolated cases. Here we present the first comprehensive study of NTPA in 3D relativistic reconnection in collisionless electron-positron plasmas, characterizing NTPA as the strength of 3D effects is varied systematically via the length in the third dimension and the strength of the guide magnetic field. We find that, while the RDKI prominently perturbs 3D reconnecting current sheets, it does not suppress particle acceleration, even for zero guide field; fully 3D reconnection robustly and efficiently produces nonthermal power-law particle spectra closely resembling those obtained in 2D. This finding provides strong support for reconnection as the key mechanism powering high-energy flares in various astrophysical systems. We also show that strong guide fields significantly inhibit NTPA, slowing reconnection and limiting the energy available for plasma energization, yielding steeper and shorter power-law spectra.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, published in ApJL 843:L27 (2017)
Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Physical Checkup Population with Rising of Serum Prostatic Specific Antigen
Creators: name: Krittin Naravejsakul
name: Tharadon Pothisa PharmD
name: Nunthakarn Saenrak
Publisher: name: Text and Journal Publication
Year: 2022
Subjects: International prostate symptom score
Prostate specific antigen
lower urinary tract symptoms

description: Vajira Medical Journal, 66, 5, 355-360
Spin contributions to the gravitational-waveform modes for spin-aligned binaries at the 3.5PN order
Creators: name: Henry, Quentin
name: Marsat, Sylvain
name: Khalil, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the post-Newtonian (PN) prediction at the 3.5PN order for the spin contributions to the gravitational waveforms emitted by inspiraling compact binaries, in the case of quasi-circular, equatorial orbits, where both spins are aligned with the orbital angular momentum. Using results from the multipolar post-Minkowskian wave generation formalism, we extend previous works that derived the dynamics and gravitational-wave energy flux and phasing, by computing the full waveform decomposed in spin-weighted spherical harmonics. This new calculation requires the computation of multipolar moments of higher multipolar order, new quadratic-in-spin contributions to the hereditary tail terms entering at the 3.5PN order, as well as other non-linear interactions between moments. When specialized to the test-mass limit, our results are equivalent to those obtained in the literature for the waveform emitted by a test-mass in equatorial, circular orbits around a Kerr black hole. We also compute the factorized modes for use in effective-one-body waveform models, correcting the 2.5PN nonspinning and 3PN quadratic-in-spin terms in the (2,1) mode used in current models.
description: 36 pages
Cloaking and anamorphism for light and mass diffusion
Creators: name: Guenneau, Sebastien
name: Diatta, Andre
name: Puvirajesinghe, Tania M.
name: Farhat, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first review classical results on cloaking and mirage effects for electromagnetic waves. We then show that transformation optics allows the masking of objects or produces mirages in diffusive regimes. In order to achieve this, we consider the equation for diffusive photon density in transformed coordinates, which is valid for diffusive light in scattering media. More precisely, generalizing transformations for star domains introduced in [Diatta and Guenneau, J. Opt. 13, 024012, 2011] for matter waves, we numerically demonstrate that infinite conducting objects of different shapes scatter diffusive light in exactly the same way. We also propose a design of external light-diffusion cloak with spatially varying sign-shifting parameters that hides a finite size scatterer outside the cloak. We next analyse non-physical parameter in the transformed Fick's equation derived in [Guenneau and Puvirajesinghe, R. Soc. Interface 10, 20130106, 2013], and propose to use a non-linear transform that overcomes this problem. We finally investigate other form invariant transformed diffusion-like equations in the time domain, and touch upon conformal mappings and non-Euclidean cloaking applied to diffusion processes.
description: 42 pages, Latex, 14 figures. V2: Major changes : some formulas corrected, some extra cases added, overall length extended from 21 pages (V1) to 42 pages (present version V2). The last version will appear at Journal of Optics
Defects in scalar field theories, RG flows and Dimensional Disentangling
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Gomez, D.
name: Russo, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider defect operators in scalar field theories in dimensions $d=4-ε$ and $d=6-ε$ with self-interactions given by a general marginal potential. In a double scaling limit, where the bulk couplings go to zero and the defect couplings go to infinity, the bulk theory becomes classical and the quantum defect theory can be solved order by order in perturbation theory. We compute the defect $β$ functions to two loops and study the Renormalization Group flows. The defect fixed points can move and merge, leading to fixed point annihilation; and they exhibit a remarkable factorization property where the $ε$-dependence gets disentangled from the coupling dependence.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures. Published version
Quenched equals annealed at leading order in the colored SYK model
Creators: name: Gurau, Razvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a colored version of the SYK model, that is we distinguish the $D$ vector fermionic fields involved in the interaction by a color. We obtain the full $1/N$ series of both the quenched and annealed free energies of the model and show that at leading order the two are identical. The results can be used to study systematically the $1/N$ corrections to this leading order behavior.
description: final version
Kondo blockade due to quantum interference in single-molecule junctions
Creators: name: Mitchell, Andrew K.
name: Pedersen, Kim G. L.
name: Hedegaard, Per
name: Paaske, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular electronics offers unique scientific and technological possibilities, resulting from both the nanometre scale of the devices and their reproducible chemical complexity. Two fundamental yet different effects, with no classical analogue, have been demonstrated experimentally in single-molecule junctions: quantum interference due to competing electron transport pathways, and the Kondo effect due to entanglement from strong electronic interactions. Here we unify these phenomena, showing that transport through a spin-degenerate molecule can be either enhanced or blocked by Kondo correlations, depending on molecular structure, contacting geometry and applied gate voltages. An exact framework is developed, in terms of which the quantum interference properties of interacting molecular junctions can be systematically studied and understood. We prove that an exact Kondo-mediated conductance node results from destructive interference in exchange-cotunneling. Nonstandard temperature dependences and gate-tunable conductance peaks/nodes are demonstrated for prototypical molecular junctions, illustrating the intricate interplay of quantum effects beyond the single-orbital paradigm.
description: 13 pages with 5 figures + supplementary information (11 pages with 2 figures)
Discovery of the first quadruple gravitationally lensed quasar candidate with Pan-STARRS
Creators: name: Berghea, C. T.
name: Nelson, G. J.
name: Rusu, C. E.
name: Keeton, C. R.
name: Dudik, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the serendipitous discovery of the first gravitationally lensed quasar candidate from Pan-STARRS. The grizy images reveal four point-like images with magnitudes between 14.9 mag and 18.1 mag. The colors of the point sources are similar, and they are more consistent with quasars than with stars or galaxies. The lensing galaxy is detected in the izy bands, with an inferred photometric redshift of ~0.6, lower than that of the point sources. We successfully model the system with a singular isothermal ellipsoid with shear, using the relative positions of the five objects as constraints. While the brightness ranking of the point sources is consistent with that of the model, we find discrepancies between the model-predicted and observed fluxes, likely due to microlensing by stars and millilensing due to the dark matter substructure. In order to fully confirm the gravitational lens nature of this system and add it to the small but growing number of the powerful probes of cosmology and astrophysics represented by quadruply lensed quasars, we require further spectroscopy and high-resolution imaging.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, accepted in ApJ
From High-Entropy Ceramics (HECs) to Compositionally Complex Ceramics (CCCs)
Creators: name: Luo, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This invited talk will review a series of our recent studies on high-entropy ceramics (HECs) and compositionally complex ceramics (CCCs) and discuss the future perspective. Various single-phase equimolar quinary (five-component) HECs, e.g., MB2, MB, M3B4, MB4, and MB6 borides, MSi2 and M3Si5 silicides, perovskite, fluorite, and pyrochlore oxides, and (intermetallic) aluminides have been fabricated. We further proposed to extend HECs to CCCs to include non-equimolar compositions and further consider short- and long-range orders, which reduce configurational entropies but offer additional dimensions and opportunities to tailor and improve various properties. We also reported the first dual-phase HECs/CCCs. Using compositionally complex fluorite-based oxides (CCFBOs, which can possess fluorite or defect fluorite, pyrochlore, weberite, fergusonite, and bixbyite phases) as the model systems, we have recently discovered long- and short- range orders, composition- and redox-induced order-disorder transitions (ODTs), and ultrahigh-entropy weberite and fergusonite phases in several 10- to 21-component systems.
Fidelity Based Measurement Induced Nonlocality
Creators: name: Muthuganesan, R.
name: Sankararnarayanan, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we propose measurement induced nonlocality (MIN) using a metric based on fidelity to capture global nonlocal effect of a quantum state due to locally invariant projective measurements. This quantity is a remedy for local ancilla problem in the original definition of MIN. We present an analytical expression of the proposed version of MIN for pure bipartite state and 2Xn dimensional mixed state. We also provide an upper bound of the MIN for general mixed state. Finally, we compare this quantity with MINs based on Hilbert-Schmidt norm and skew information for Werner and isotropic states.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Timelike completeness as an obstruction to $C^0$-extensions
Creators: name: Galloway, Gregory J.
name: Ling, Eric
name: Sbierski, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The study of low regularity (in-)extendibility of Lorentzian manifolds is motivated by the question whether a given solution to the Einstein equations can be extended (or is maximal) as a weak solution. In this paper we show that a timelike complete and globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifold is $C^0$-inextendible. For the proof we make use of the result, recently established by Sämann [17], that even for \emph{continuous} Lorentzian manifolds that are globally hyperbolic, there exists a length-maximizing causal curve between any two causally related points.
description: v2: pertinent citations added and minor changes, v3: small refinements and improvements; theorem added, v4: added figure, minor changes, version accepted for publication in CMP
Quantum evolution in disordered transport
Creators: name: Gneiting, Clemens
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the propagation of quantum states in the presence of weak disorder. In particular, we investigate the reliable transmittance of quantum states, as potential carriers of quantum information, through disorder-perturbed waveguides. We quantify wave-packet distortion, backscattering, and disorder-induced dephasing, which all act detrimentally on transport, and identify conditions for reliable transmission. Our analysis relies on the treatment of the nonequilibrium dynamics of ensemble-averaged quantum states in terms of quantum master equations.
description: 7 pages
Holographic entanglement entropy of a $1+1$ dimensional $p$-wave superconductor
Creators: name: Das, Sumit R.
name: Fujita, Mitsutoshi
name: Kim, Bom Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the behavior of entanglement entropy of a subsystem $A$ in a fully backreacted holographic model of a $1+1$ dimensional $p$ wave superconductor across the phase transition. For a given temperature, the system goes to a superconducting phase beyond a critical value of the charge density. The entanglement entropy, considered as a function of the charge density at a given temperature, has a cusp at the critical point. In addition, we find that there are three different behaviors in the condensed phase, depending on the subsystem size. For a subsystem size $l$ smaller than a critical size $l_{c1}$, entanglement entropy continues to increase as a function of the charge density as we cross the phase transition. When $l$ lies between $l_{c1}$ and another critical size $l_{c2}$ the entanglement entropy displays a non-monotonic behavior, while for $l > l_{c2}$ it decreases monotonically. At large charge densities entanglement entropy appears to saturate. The non-monotonic behavior leads to a novel phase diagram for this system.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures, v2: references added, section 3.1 added, JHEP style
TESS search for substellar companions through pulsation timing of $δ$ Scuti stars. I. Discovery of companions around Chang 134 and V393 Car
Creators: name: Vaulato, V.
name: Nascimbeni, V.
name: Piotto, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early-type main-sequence pulsating stars such as \ds{} variables are one of the least explored class of targets in the search for exoplanets. Pulsation timing (PT) is an alternative technique to the most effective search methods. It exploits the light-travel-time effect (LTTE) to infer the presence of additional massive bodies around a pulsating star by measuring a periodic phase modulation of its signal. PT has been extremely successful in discovering and characterizing stellar binaries when it was applied to high-precision light curves over long temporal baselines, such as those delivered by the Kepler mission. In favorable conditions, the sensitivity of PT can reach the planetary-mass regime; one such candidate has already been claimed. The advent of TESS, with its nearly full-sky coverage and the availability of full-frame images, opens a great opportunity to expand this field of research. In this work, we present a pilot study aimed to understand the potential of PT as applied to TESS data, which are considerably different from Kepler data in terms of photometric noise, sampling cadence, and temporal baseline. We focused on the most favorable class of \ds{}, that is, those showing strong pulsations and very simple frequency spectra. After the development of a customized pipeline, we were able to detect candidate companions for two targets in the (sub-)stellar mass regime: Chang~134 ($43\pm 5$~$M_\mathrm{jup}$, $P\simeq 82$~d) and V393 Car ($\gtrsim 100$~$M_\mathrm{jup}$, $P\gtrsim 700$~d). Our results also highlight the limiting factors of this technique and the importance of an accurate absolute time calibration for future missions such as PLATO.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, 6 table. Accepted for publication on A&A on September 2, 2022. V2: typos corrected
Suppressing variance in 21-cm signal simulations during reionization
Creators: name: Giri, Sambit K.
name: Schneider, Aurel
name: Maion, Francisco
name: Angulo, Raul E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current best limits on the 21-cm signal during reionization are provided at large scales ($\gtrsim$100 Mpc). To model these scales, enormous simulation volumes are required which are computationally expensive. We find that the primary source of uncertainty at these large scales is sample variance, which decides the minimum size of simulations required to analyse current and upcoming observations. In large-scale structure simulations, the method of `fixing' the initial conditions (ICs) to exactly follow the initial power spectrum and `pairing' two simulations with exactly out-of-phase ICs has been shown to significantly reduce sample variance. Here we apply this `fixing and pairing' (F\&P) approach to reionization simulations whose clustering signal originates from both density fluctuations and reionization bubbles. Using a semi-numerical code, we show that with the traditional method, simulation boxes of $L\simeq 500$ (300) Mpc are required to model the large-scale clustering signal at $k$=0.1 Mpc$^{-1}$ with a precision of 5 (10) per cent. Using F\&P, the simulation boxes can be reduced by a factor of 2 to obtain the same precision level. We conclude that the computing costs can be reduced by at least a factor of 4 when using the F\&P approach.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Starobinsky Inflation: From Non-SUSY To SUGRA Realizations
Creators: name: Pallis, C.
name: Toumbas, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the realization of Starobinsky-type inflation within induced-gravity Supersymmetric (SUSY) and non-SUSY models. In both cases, inflation is in agreement with the current data and can be attained for subplanckian values of the inflaton. The corresponding effective theories retain perturbative unitarity up to the Planck scale and the inflaton mass is predicted to be 3x10^13 GeV. The supergravity embedding of these models is achieved by employing two gauge singlet chiral supefields, a superpotential that is uniquely determined by a continuous R and a discrete Zn symmetry, and several (semi)logarithmic Kaehler potentials that respect these symmetries. Checking various functional forms for the non-inflaton accompanying field in the Kaehler potentials, we identify four cases which stabilize it without invoking higher order terms.
description: Title changed and references added; to appear in Adv. High Energy Phys
Scattering of low energy neutrinos and antineutrinos by neon and argon
Creators: name: Whittingham, Ian B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of scattering of low energy neutrinos and antineutrinos by atomic electrons has recently been developed (I. B. Whittingham, Phys. Rev. D 105, 013008 (2022)) using the Bound Interaction Picture in configuration space to fully implement the relationship between the neutrino helicities and the orbital and spin angular momenta of the atomic electrons. The energy spectra of ionization electrons produced by scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos with energies of 5, 10, 20, and 30 keV by hydrogen, helium and neon were calculated using Dirac screened Coulombic eigenfunctions. This paper reports further applications of this theory, to a new calculation of the energy spectra for neon, as the original calculation used some screening constants which underestimated the effects of screening in the inner subshells, and to scattering by argon. The results are presented as ratios to the corresponding quantities for scattering by $Z$ free electrons. The new spectra ratios for neon are larger than the original ratios by approx 0.03 to approx 0.14, with the greatest increases occurring for 10 keV neutrinos and antineutrinos. Integrated spectra ratios range from 0.16 to 0.59 for neon, and from 0.15 to 0.48 for argon, as the neutrino energy increases from 5 to 30 keV.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2109.13454. Expanded Summary and Conclusions, additional references
Symmetry-enforced planar nodal chain phonons in non-symmorphic materials
Creators: name: Yang, Hong-Ao
name: Wei, Hao-Yu
name: Cao, Bing-Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological semimetal states which are constrained by symmetries and give birth to innovative excitations are the frontiers of topological quantum matter. Nodal chains in which two nodal rings connect at one point were first discovered in non-symmorphic electronic systems and then generalized to symmorphic phononic systems. In this work, we identify a new class of planar nodal chains in non-symmorphic phononic systems, where the connecting rings lie in the same plane. The constituting nodal rings are protected by mirror symmetry, their intersection is guaranteed by the combination of time-reversal and non-symmorphic two-fold screw symmetry. In addition, the connecting points are four-fold degenerate while those in previous works are two-fold degenerate. We searched all 230 space groups and found 8 space groups that can host the proposed planar nodal chain phonons. Taking wurtzite GaN (space group No.186) as an example, the planar nodal chain is confirmed by first-principles calculations. The planar nodal chains result in two distinct classes of drumhead surface. The first category lies on the [10(-1)0] surface Brillouin zone and the second lies on the [0001] surface Brillouin zone. Our finding reveals a class of planar nodal chains in non-symmorphic phononic systems, expands the catalog of topological nodal chains, and enriches the family of topological surface states.
From policy to practice: The evidence base for ending gender-based violence in higher education and research
Creators: name: Linková, Marcela
name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Dvořáčková, Jana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gender based violence

description: The aim of this white paper is to draw attention to the roles and responsibilities of higher education and research organisations in addressing gender-based violence. These roles and responsibilities may not be recognised or are downplayed, and this results in institutions failing to take appropriate action to ensure safe environments for students and staff. Secondly, the white paper aims to explicate the essential features and elements of effective policies and actions and lastly, to highlight the critical role of institutional leadership in making the policy frameworks and actions work. This white paper is primarily intended for: institutional leaders and top management; staff responsible for the design, adoption and implementation of institutional policies; staff appointed to support victims and survivors; and any other member of the academic community committed to ending gender-based violence. It builds on the results of the UniSAFE research, including the prevalence study (Lipinsky et al. 2022, Humbert et al. 2022), the institutional policy analysis (Huck et al. 2022), case studies (Ranea-Triviño et al. 2022), interviews (Blazyte and Pilinkaite 2022), and stakeholder and expert workshops (Yellow Window 2023a, 2023b), the purpose of which have been to gain insight into and test emerging policy solutions.
Vanishing viscosity limit for concentrated vortex rings
Creators: name: Buttà, Paolo
name: Cavallaro, Guido
name: Marchioro, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76D17, 37N10

description: We study the time evolution of a viscous incompressible fluid with axial symmetry without swirl, when the initial vorticity is very concentrated in $N$ disjoint rings. We show that in a suitable joint limit, in which both the thickness of the rings and the viscosity tend to zero, the vorticity remains concentrated in $N$ disjointed rings, each one of them performing a simple translation along the symmetry axis with constant speed.
description: 29 pages, LaTex. This article is an extension of the results in arXiv:1904.04785 and arXiv:2102.07807 and therefore draws from these articles
HubPUG: Proper Motions for Local Group Dwarfs observed with HST utilizing Gaia as a Reference Frame
Creators: name: Warfield, Jack T.
name: Kallivayalil, Nitya
name: Zivick, Paul
name: Fritz, Tobias
name: Richstein, Hannah
name: Sohn, Sangmo Tony
name: del Pino, Andrés
name: Savino, Alessandro
name: Weisz, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the method behind HubPUG, a software tool built for recovering systemic proper motions (PMs) of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fields with two epochs of observations by utilizing stars observed by Gaia as a foreground frame of reference. HST PM experiments have typically relied on the use of distant background galaxies or quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) as stationary sources against which to measure PMs. Without consistent profiles, background galaxies are more difficult to centroid, but benefit on-aggregate from their large numbers. QSOs, though they can be fit with stellar point-spread functions, are sparse, with most fields containing none. Historically, the use of stars as references against which to measure PMs would have been difficult because they have individual PMs of their own. However, Gaia has now provided positions and PMs for over 1.4 billion stars, which are much more likely to be well-imaged in the fields around targets versus background sources, have predictable stellar profiles, and require less observing time per-image for good signal-to-noise. This technique allows us to utilize the power of Gaia to measure the PM of targets too faint for Gaia to observe itself. We have recovered PMs for the Milky Way satellites Sculptor and Draco with comparable uncertainties over HST-only and Gaia-only measurements, limited primarily by the current capabilities of the Gaia data. We also show the promise of this method for satellites of M31 with a new PM measurement for Andromeda VII.
Quasi-Periodic Erupters: A Stellar Mass-Transfer Model for the Radiation
Creators: name: Krolik, Julian H.
name: Linial, Itai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-Periodic Erupters (QPEs) are a remarkable class of objects exhibiting very large amplitude quasi-periodic X-ray flares. Although numerous dynamical models have been proposed to explain them, relatively little attention has been given to using the properties of their radiation to constrain their dynamics. Here we show that the observed luminosity, spectrum, repetition period, duty cycle, and fluctuations in the latter two quantities point toward a model in which: a main sequence star on a moderately eccentric orbit around a supermassive black hole periodically transfers mass to the Roche lobe of the black hole; orbital dynamics lead to mildly-relativistic shocks near the black hole; and thermal X-rays at the observed temperature are emitted by the gas as it flows away from the shock. Strong X-ray irradiation of the star by the flare itself augments the mass transfer, creates fluctuations in flare timing, and stirs turbulence in the stellar atmosphere that amplifies magnetic field to a level at which magnetic stresses can accelerate infall of the transferred mass toward the black hole.
description: 15 pgs., submitted to Ap. J
Entropy production and its large deviations in an active lattice gas
Creators: name: Agranov, Tal
name: Cates, Michael E.
name: Jack, Robert L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active systems are characterized by a continuous production of entropy at steady state. We study the statistics of entropy production within a lattice-based model of interacting active particles that is capable of motility-induced phase separation. Exploiting a recent formulation of the exact fluctuating hydrodynamics for this model, we provide analytical results for its entropy production statistics in both typical and atypical (biased) regimes. This complements previous studies of the large deviation statistics of entropy production in off-lattice active particle models that could only be addressed numerically. Our analysis uncovers an unexpectedly intricate phase diagram, with five different phases arising (under bias) within the parameter regime where the unbiased system is in its homogeneous state. Notably, we find the concurrence of first order and second order nonequilibrium phase transition curves at a bias-induced tricritical point, a feature not yet reported in previous studies of active systems.
Bi2O2Se nanowires presenting high mobility and strong spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Zhao, Kui
name: Liu, Huaiyuan
name: Tan, Congwei
name: Xiao, Jianfei
name: Shen, Jie
name: Liu, Guangtong
name: Peng, Hailin
name: Lu, Li
name: Qu, Fanming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systematic electrical transport characterizations were performed on high-quality Bi2O2Se nanowires to illustrate its great transport properties and further application potentials in spintronics. Bi2O2Se nanowires synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method presented a high field-effect mobility up to 1.34*104 cm2V-1s-1, and exhibited ballistic transport in the low back-gate voltage (Vg) regime where conductance plateaus were observed. When further increasing the electron density by increasing Vg, we entered the phase coherent regime and weak antilocalization (WAL) was observed. The spin relaxation length extracted from the WAL was found to be gate tunable, ranging from ~100 nm to ~250 nm and reaching a stronger spin-obit coupling (SOC) than the two-dimensional counterpart (flakes). We attribute the strong SOC and the gate tunability to the presence of a surface accumulation layer which induces a strong inversion asymmetry on the surface. Such scenario was supported by the observation of two Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation frequencies that correspond to two types of carriers, one on the surface, and the other in the bulk. The high-quality Bi2O2Se nanowires with a high mobility and a strong SOC can act as a very prospective material in future spintronics.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
Addendum: Timelike and spacelike kernel functions for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment (2022 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 49 055001)
Creators: name: Nesterenko, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This addendum provides results complementary to those obtained in [J. Phys. G49, 055001 (2022)]. Specifically, an equivalent form of the relation, which binds together the "spacelike" kernel functions for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a^{\text{HVP}}_μ$, is obtained. It is shown that the infrared limiting value of the "spacelike" and "timelike" kernel functions, which enter the representations for $a^{\text{HVP}}_μ$ involving the Adler function and the $R$-ratio, is identical to the corresponding QED contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment of the preceding order in the electromagnetic coupling. The next-to-leading order contributions $a^{\text{HVP}(3b)}_μ$ (which includes the leptonic and hadronic insertions) and $a^{\text{HVP}(3c)}_μ$ (which includes the double hadronic insertion), are studied. The three kernel functions appearing in the representations for $a^{\text{HVP}(3b)}_μ$, which involve the hadronic vacuum polarization function, Adler function, and the $R$-ratio, are presented for the cases of the electron and $τ$-lepton loop insertions.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor amendments
(In)Visible signatures of the minimal dark abelian gauge sector
Creators: name: Foguel, Ana Luisa
name: Salla, Gabriel M.
name: Funchal, Renata Zukanovich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the present and future sensitivities of the rare meson decay facilities KOTO, LHCb and Belle II to a light dark sector of the minimal dark abelian gauge symmetry where a dark Higgs $S$ and a dark photon $Z_D$ have masses $\lesssim 10$ GeV. We have explored the interesting scenario where $S$ can only decay to a pair of $Z_D$'s and so contribute to visible or invisible signatures, depending on the life-time of the latter. Our computations show that these accelerator experiments can access the dark Higgs (mass and scalar mixing) and the dark photon (mass and kinetic mixing) parameters in a complementary way. We have also discussed how the CMS measurement of the SM Higgs total decay width and their limit on the Higgs invisible branching ratio can be used to extend the experimental reach to dark photon masses up to $\sim 10$ GeV, providing at the same time sensitivity to the gauge coupling associated with the broken dark abelian symmetry.
description: 34 pages, 11 figures; v2: minor modifications, matches version published in JHEP
Anticorrosion : Shipped vehicle cavity wax inspection and quality improvement
Creators: name: Romero-Gonzalez, Paloma E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018

description: Vehicle corrosion is a considerable reason for concern in the automotive industry; mainly
due to its aesthetic, quality and safety implications. Anticorrosive methods are applied during the
manufacturing process of vehicles in order to prevent corrosion. Cavity wax, which is a wax that
is applied on the inside of vehicle panels, is considered a surface treatment and is categorized as
an anticorrosive method. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana (TMMI) applies cavity wax on its
vehicles in order to meet its vehicle shipping standards and provide a quality product. This project
delves into the actions taken by TMMI to meet Toyota's rigorous quality inspections and audits.
These actions include but are not limited to the definition of quality criteria, review of inspection
methods and materials, and finally the potential economic impact of the project.