Phytocoris (Exophytocoris) carapezzai Çerçi & Koçak & Tezcan 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Çerçi, Barış
name: Koçak, Özgür
name: Tezcan, Serdar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Miridae
Phytocoris
Phytocoris carapezzai

description: Phytocoris (Exophytocoris) carapezzai sp. nov.   
(Figs 2, 5A)  
 Type locality. Turkey, Karaman, Merkez, 37°13′18.3″N 33°13′14.2″E.   
 Material examined. HOLOTYPE: 1 3 (AZMM), TURKEY: KARAMAN: Merkez, 37°13′18.3″N 33°13′14.2″E, 8.ix.2015; glued on a pointed cardboard with male genitalia on the same cardbord, labelled as follows: ʻTurkey, Karaman prov. / Merkez, with UV light trap / Ö. Koçak coll. [white printed label] // Holotypus / Phytocoris (Exophytocoris) carapezzai sp. n. / B. Çerçi det. 2019 [red printed label]’. PARATYPES: TURKEY: KARAMAN: 2 33, Merkez, 8.ix.2015, light trap, Ö. Koçak leg., B. Çerçi det. (BCIT).   
 Diagnosis. The new species is recognized by the combination of the following characters: general coloration yellowish brown, pronotum darker than hemelytra and scutellum. First antennal segment white with dense red patterns, eyes very big, ocular index 0.6–0.8 in male. Posterior margin of pronotum with narrow white marginal band and wavy and uninterrupted brown submarginal band. Hemelytra with scattered reddish pattern, tip of clavus darkened, outer margin of corium and inner margin of cuneus with red dots interrupted by white coloration along their whole length, inner upper corner of cuneus with isolated red dot. Membrane brownish and translucent with dense small pale patches. Femora (Fig. 2B) dark brown with dense white dots. Left paramere edentate (Fig. 2E), hypophysis strongly enlarged before apex, vesica with marginally dentate lamellae apically (Fig. 2D), sclerotized process of vesica (Fig. 2C) stick-like, long and thick, edentate and slightly bent towards apex.   
  Description. Male. Coloration.  General coloration yellowish brown (Fig. 2A). Head yellowish brown with reddish patterns. First antennal segment whitish, maculated in red, second antennal segment yellow except for white basal ring, third antennal segment black with white ring both basally and apically, apical ring sometimes absent, last segment unicolorous black. Pronotum pale brown, pronotal collar red maculated, posterior margin with narrow white marginal band and wavy and uninterrupted brown submarginal band. Scutellum unicolorous yellowish brown. Hemelytra yellowish brown with scattered reddish pattern, outer margin of corium with red dots interrupted by white coloration along its whole length, very tip of clavus darkened. Outer and inner margins of cuneus with reddish dots interrupted by white coloration, upper inner corner of cuneus with isolated prominent red dot. Membrane brownish with dense pale maculation. Femora reddish brown with numerous white dots of different sizes, tibiae white with broad reddish ring basally and small and irregular reddish spots towards apex, tarsi and claws pale.   
 Vestiture. Upper surface with mostly suberect and rarely erect thick brown setae and adpressed silvery scale-like setae. First antennal segment with several long erect black spines in addition to adpressed brown setae, rest of antennal segments covered only with dense adpressed hyaline setae. Tibial spines pale, femora with long adpressed black setae, vestiture of tibiae as in last three antennal segments.   
 Structure. Body 4.00‒ 4.60 mm long, macropterous, elongate, parallel-sided, 3.5 times as long as basal width of pronotum, head transverse in dorsal view, twice as wide as long, 0.7 times as wide as posterior margin of pronotum and 1.7 times as wide as anterior margin of pronotum, in lateral view as high as long with shallow notch between frons and base of tylus, eyes very large, ocular index 0.6‒0.8. Antennae as long as total length of body. First antennal segment 0.8 times as long as diatone, second antennal segment 1.3 time as long as basal width of pronotum. Ratio of antennal segments 12:30:21:12. Pronotum strongly trapezoid, posterior margin 2.4 times as wide as anterior margin, lateral margins straight. Rostrum reaching posterior coxae.   
Vesica (Figs 2C‒D) with stick-like long and thick sclerotized process bending slightly in apical third (Fig. 4A), primary membranous sac with weakly sclerotized wrinkles and marginally dentate lamellae (Fig. 2D), several strongly sclerotized structures present near secondary gonopore. Left paramere (Fig. 2E) with sensory lobe slightly produced, hypophysis strongly enlarged before apex. Right paramere elongate, with preapical bulge on right side, apex straight (Fig. 2F).  
 Female. Living specimen, see Fig. 5A. Unfortunatelly, this specimen was not available for description.   
 Differential diagnosis. The new species is placed in the subgenus Exophytocoris Wagner, 1961 of the genus Phytocoris Fallén, 1814 because of the combination of the following features: the first antennal segment ornamented, the third antennal segment brownish with a pale basal ring, head in lateral view as long as high with a shallow notch between frons and base of tylus, and left paramere edentate. The subgenus Exophytocoris includes 25 species (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999, PAGOLA- CARTE 2010, CARAPEZZA 2016, PAGOLA- CARTE & RIEGER 2017). Some of these species were subdivided into three groups in relation to the structure of vesica by LINNAVUORI (1994a). This new species can be placed into the group in which the spiculum is formed of several marginally dentate lamellae (the other two groups have blade-like marginally dentate spiculum or trough-shaped spiculum with both margins dentate). This group of species includes P. koronis Linnavuori, 1992, P. pinihalepensis Lindberg, 1948, P. parvuloides Wagner, 1961, P. scituloides Lindberg, 1948, and P. zenobia Linnavuori, 1994 (LINNAVUORI 1994a). The new species differs from all species of this group in the presence of an additional strongly sclerotized basal process. There are two species which have such a sclerotized process though they are not members of this group: Phytocoris (Exophytocoris) parrotiae Putshkov, 1978, a species endemic to Azerbaijan, which only has a single tooth-like sclerotized process in its vesica according to the original description (PUTSHKOV 1978b), and Phytocoris (Exophytocoris) raunolinnavuorii Carapezza, 2016 which has a small sclerotized process in addition to a lobal sclerite that is unique to this species (CARAPEZZA 2016). Phytocoris carapezzai sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. raunolinnavuorii by much longer sclerotized basal process, presence of dentate lamellae apically, a different left paramere, and dissimilar coloration and patterns of dorsum. Phytocoris carapezzai sp. nov. can also be distinguished from P. parrotiae by different shape of the sclerotized process of vesica which is short, sharp and tooth-like in P. parrotiae and long, thick and stick-like in the new species, by the presence of additional sclerotized structures near secondary gonopore, different shape of the left paramere, and by some other morphological characters such as ocular index, length of the first antennal segment, coloration patterns of pronotum and hemelytra. With respect to its general appearance, the new species might be confused with P. pinihalepensis and P. minor but it can be easily distinguished from them by the dissimilar sclerotized basal process of vesica which is formed of about 10 weakly scletorized marginally dentate lamellae in the former and is comb-like and marginally dentate in the latter but edentate and stick-like in P. carapezzai sp. nov. The new species is also distinguished from many species of the subgenus Exophytocoris by the very small ocular index of male which is 0.6‒0.8, although there are at least two more species, P. pinihalepensis and P. parvuloides, in which the ocular index of male is smaller than 1.0 (WAGNER 1974).   
 Etymology. The name of this new species is dedicated to Attilio Carapezza who is an outstanding specialist and has published lots of precious scientific data on the Heteroptera of the Mediterranean and the Near East. The first author is very grateful to him for his endless help in his first years of work on Heteroptera.   
 Habitat. The UV-light trap that attracted this new species was located in a urban area. There were Populus sp. (Salicaceae), Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), Malus sp. (Rosaceae), Thuja sp. (Cupressaceae), Cedrus sp. (Pinaceae), Juniperus sp. (Cupressaceae), Aesculus sp. (Sapindaceae) trees in the area.
description: Published as part of Çerçi, Barış, Koçak, Özgür & Tezcan, Serdar, 2019, Two new species and ten new records of Heteroptera from Turkey, including the first record of the potential alien Campylomma miyamotoi in the Western Palaearctic, pp. 295-306 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1) on pages 297-299, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0023, http://zenodo.org/record/4488992