NURSING CARE IN THE POSTOPERATIVE OF MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION: A SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL
Creators: name: Pitzer, Monique
name: Teodoro, Luiza
name: Flores, Paula
name: Carmo, Thalita Gomes Do
name: Hipolito, Rodrigo
name: Mendes, Monique
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the biggest causes of death in the world, being a global problem, affecting mainly low-income countries, such as Brazil. CVDs lost their place statistically to infectious diseases. considering the easy dissemination of the previous ones, we can see the seriousness of the case, as we can compare the prevalence of a disease that either develops or is born with the individual, with diseases that are easily proliferated¹. According to data presented by the Pan American Health Organization in 2016, there were 56.9 million deaths across the globe, of which, more than half of the deaths are related to correct pathologies organized in a ranking of 10 positions, in the which ischemic heart diseases were found in the first place. In addition, it is known that in the last 15 years, ischemic heart disease and stroke were the main responsible for mortality worldwide². It can be noted, then, the continuous history of damage caused by cardiovascular diseases in world populations over the years, being a public health problem, where a considerable part results in hospitalizations. In 2012, according to the president of the Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery - SBCCV, Brazil was the second country in number of annual cardiac surgeries, surpassing Germany, the United Kingdom and Japan. It is behind the United States with 300 thousand surgeries per year³ . This corroborates the idea that heart disease affects not only Brazilian health, but also worldwide. Then needing a closer look from governmental and scientific entities. From January 2019 to April 2020, the procedures involving myocardial revascularization, such as those referred to by DATASUS, total a total of 30,460 surgeries performed, with 18,456 (61%) of this total of urgent surgeries, with a total of 417,808 being spent. 826.01 in Brazil4. So, considering that most of the expenses were inherent to urgent surgeries and that an urgent myocardial revascularization can expose the patient to more risks leaving him vulnerable to complications, this is a matter of importance for both the economy and health Brazilian public sector. An important factor in the Brazilian health economy is the practical reality, the cost of procedures performed in hospitals has been gradually increasing due to the insertion of new technologies to improve procedures and treatments5. Therefore, it is up to the nurse to better control the possible complications of the patient, since this professional is characterized by having a longer time spent with the patient. It is also known that cardiac surgery is the chance to improve the individual who does not benefit enough of clinical treatment6. The most complex sectors are often responsible for receiving patients and diagnosing complications that could be prevented in primary care, so it is necessary to provide a higher cost treatment compared to that provided in primary care7. Thus, it is understood that the referral of the patient for outpatient treatment can be fundamental for the balance of health expenditures, since primary care has a lower cost, in addition to promoting patient mobility between the health sectors. Myocardial revascularization surgeries are complex not only in the intraoperative period, but also in the immediate and mediate postoperative period8. There are numerous complications that the patient can develop due to this surgical process, such as pain, leading to elevated blood pressure levels and ischemia. Thus, the presence of the interventionist nursing professional who practices care based on scientific methodology, at this moment is essential to promote a good prognosis. It is known that according to the National Health Surveillance Agency - ANVISA, the Collegiate Board Resolution - RDC No. 36, of July 25, 2013, article 8 of the Ministry of Health, addresses, in addition to many issues, the prevention and control of adverse events , including infections arising from health care practices. These are present several times, delaying the patient's recovery process9. Considering that cardiac surgeries when they have complications in the postoperative period, demand great capital demand and with myocardial revascularization being one of the most performed cardiac surgeries, there is then a need to conduct studies related to postoperative nursing care. of myocardial revascularization10. In view of the above, there is a need to map scientific productions about care for adult patients in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization.