cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SpaceNet: Make Free Space For Continual Learning
Creators: name: Sokar, Ghada
name: Mocanu, Decebal Constantin
name: Pechenizkiy, Mykola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The continual learning (CL) paradigm aims to enable neural networks to learn tasks continually in a sequential fashion. The fundamental challenge in this learning paradigm is catastrophic forgetting previously learned tasks when the model is optimized for a new task, especially when their data is not accessible. Current architectural-based methods aim at alleviating the catastrophic forgetting problem but at the expense of expanding the capacity of the model. Regularization-based methods maintain a fixed model capacity; however, previous studies showed the huge performance degradation of these methods when the task identity is not available during inference (e.g. class incremental learning scenario). In this work, we propose a novel architectural-based method referred as SpaceNet for class incremental learning scenario where we utilize the available fixed capacity of the model intelligently. SpaceNet trains sparse deep neural networks from scratch in an adaptive way that compresses the sparse connections of each task in a compact number of neurons. The adaptive training of the sparse connections results in sparse representations that reduce the interference between the tasks. Experimental results show the robustness of our proposed method against catastrophic forgetting old tasks and the efficiency of SpaceNet in utilizing the available capacity of the model, leaving space for more tasks to be learned. In particular, when SpaceNet is tested on the well-known benchmarks for CL: split MNIST, split Fashion-MNIST, and CIFAR-10/100, it outperforms regularization-based methods by a big performance gap. Moreover, it achieves better performance than architectural-based methods without model expansion and achieved comparable results with rehearsal-based methods, while offering a huge memory reduction.
description: Published in Neurocomputing Journal
Freeze-out dynamics at RHIC
Creators: name: Barannikova, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigation of the final hadronic state properties of ultra-relativistics pp and Au+Au collisions supplies information on freeze-out conditions at RHIC and possible insights into early stages of these collisions. A variety of particle spectra measured by STAR are studied within the framework of chemical and local kinetic equlibrium models. Here we present the extracted chemical and final kinetic freeze-out temperatures, strangeness saturation factor, final collective flow velocity, and the inferred flow velocity at chemical freeze-out. In light of those measurements we disscuss dynamical evoution of the collission system.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the 20th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, held in Trelawny Beach, Jamaica in March 2004
Patterns and Trends in Food Staples Markets in Eastern and Southern Africa: Toward the Identification of Priority Investments and Strategies for Developing Markets and Promoting Smallholder Productivity Growth
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Myers, Robert J.
name: Ferris, John N.
name: Mather, David
name: Sitko, Nicholas
name: Beaver, Margaret
name: Lenski, Natalie
name: Chapoto, Antony
name: Boughton, Duncan
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Myers, Robert J.
name: Ferris, John N.
name: Mather, David
name: Sitko, Nicholas
name: Beaver, Margaret
name: Lenski, Natalie
name: Chapoto, Antony
name: Boughton, Duncan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: food security
subject: africa
subject: smallholder markets

description: Accurate information on farmer and consumer behavior is the foundation for Identifying public investments and policies that can effectively promote national food security and income growth objectives. This report synthesizes recent findings on smallholder crop marketing behavior and urban consumption patterns in Eastern and Southern Africa, and their implications for public sector investments and policies to promote smallholder incomes and national food security.
Temporal-distance and kinematic adaptations to a novel walking task
Creators: name: Vanicek, Natalie Katja
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The process of relearning locomotor skills is a complex one for the person with a lower-limb amputation and difficult to track in the rehabilitation setting. An in-house designed prosthetic simulator (PS) was created to allow able-bodied individuals to walk in a prosthetic-like situation. The purpose of this study was to follow the changes in selected gait variables during a novel walking task. Kinematic data were collected for ten able-bodied individuals during 30-minutes of continuous walking with the PS. Walking speed and selected gait characteristics and the vertical orientation of body segments were computed every 5% of the total walking distance during the first lab visit and walking speed again during a second lab visit. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted with p < 0.01. Participants were immediately able to walk unassisted with the PS. Walking speed on the first test session was initially slow (0.27 m • s-1) but significantly increased over distance walked (to 0.70 m • s-1). Initial time in stance was significantly greater on the intact limb (86 %) than on the prosthetic limb (68 %). Prosthetic step length was significantly longer (0.52 m) than intact step length (-0.10 m). Lower-limb segments were significantly less vertically oriented at prosthetic/intact foot contact during the walking task. Initial walking speed on the second session (0.58 m • s-1) was significantly higher than on the first session. Variability of the measured gait variables was initially high but decreased within the first 5% of the total distance walked. Walking speed during the first five strides after removing the PS (1.13 m • s-1) was significantly slower than the control condition (1.30 m • s-1). Participants were able to adapt quickly to the new constraints imposed by a PS by modifying kinematic variables. Changes occurred during the first 5%-10% of total walking distance suggesting adaptive strategies were developed early in the task. The presence of a short-term speed after effect suggested that adaptation had occurred. The findings from this project provide a novel outlook for rehabilitation strategies with the potential of tracking able-bodied individuals as they learn to walk in a prosthetic-like situation.
Chiral perturbation theory for electroweak reactions on deuterium
Creators: name: Phillips, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I summarize two recent applications of chiral perturbation theory to electromagnetic reactions on deuterium: elastic electron-deuteron scattering, and Compton scattering on deuterium. Both calculations have now been carried out to three orders in the chiral expansion. The expansion shows good convergence and is able to reproduce data for q < 600 MeV in e-d and for omega=55-95 MeV in gamma-d. These results demonstrate that ChiPT can be used to reliably compute operators and wave functions for low-momentum-transfer reactions in light nuclear systems.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Write-up of invited talk at INT Workshop on "Nuclear Forces and the Quantum Many-Body Problem", October 4-8, 2004
Static properties of positive ions in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Massignan, P.
name: Pethick, C. J.
name: Smith, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excess number of atoms around an ion immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate is determined as a function of the condensate density far from the ion. We use thermodynamic arguments to demonstrate that in the limit of low densities the excess number of atoms is proportional to the ratio of the atom-ion and atom-atom scattering lengths. For denser systems we calculate the excess number from solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation using a model potential that has a $1/r^{4}$ attraction coming from the polarization of the neutral atoms and a hard core repulsion at short distances. We show that there exist in general many solutions to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a given condensate density, the maximum number of solutions being related to the number of bound states of the Schrödinger equation for the same potential. With increasing density, pairs of these solutions merge and disappear, implying a discontinuous change of the state of the system.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Preprint numbers: NORDITA-2004-92; NSF-KITP-04-117
Neutrino 2-3 Symmetry and Inverted Hierarchy
Creators: name: Lam, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino oscillation data indicate the presence of a 2-3 symmetry for the left-handed neutrinos. We show that this symmetry between the second and third generations cannot be extended to include the charged leptons, no matter what basis we use. We point out that if this symmetry is also independently valid for the right-handed neutrinos, then the active neutrino spectrum is inverted, with $m_3=0$. This conclusion remains valid even when the left-handed 2-3 symmetry is broken by a non-maximal atmospheric mixing angle $θ_{23}$, or a non-zero reactor angle $θ_{13}$. As previously shown by Mohapatra, Nasri, and Yu, such a symmetry also gives rise to interesting consequences on the leptogenesis asymmetry parameter $ε_1$.
description: eq.(9) corrected; clarifying explanations and a reference added
MUDANÇA INSTITUCIONAL E O IMPACTO NO PADRÃO TECNOLÓGICO: O CASO DA MECANIZAÇÃO DA COLHEITA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO PARANÁ
Creators: name: Junqueira, Clarissa Pereira
name: Sterchile, Shirla Patricia Weber
name: Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis
name: Junqueira, Clarissa Pereira
name: Sterchile, Shirla Patricia Weber
name: Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: institutional environment
subject: mechanized harvest
subject: Saccharu officinarum L.

description: Due to changes in the institutional environment, mainly the Law 11.241/2002 (SP), which limits the burning of sugarcane and favors the mechanization of its harvest, there is a new technological pattern in the Brazilian production of sugar and alcohol. The objective of this article is to analyze the reasons behind the adoption of the mechanized harvest in the sugar and alcohol sector of Paraná state through field research (interviews and questionnaires applied during the second semester of 2007). The results show that the mechanization of the sugar cane harvest in Paraná was due to market pressures, allied to other factors: scarce labor in the state, environmental and market pressures, change of the technological standards and costs imputed by São Paulo state, the leader in the sector.
Combined servo error pre-compensation and feedrate optimization -- with application to a 3D printer and precision motion stage
Creators: name: Kim, Heejin
name: Okwudire, Chinedum E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Servo error pre-compensation and feedrate optimization are often performed independently to improve the accuracy and speed of manufacturing machines. However, this independent approach leads to unnecessary trade-offs between productivity and quality in manufacturing. This paper proposes a novel linear programming approach for combined servo error pre-compensation and feedrate optimization, subject to contour error (tolerance) and kinematic constraints. The incorporation of servo error pre-compensation into feedrate optimization allows for faster motions without violating tolerance constraints. Experiments carried out on a 3D printer and precision motion stage are respectively used to demonstrate up to 43% and 47% reduction in cycle time without compromising part quality using the proposed compared to the independent approach.
description: 9 pages, 18 figures
Centrality Dependence of Bulk Fireball Properties at RHIC
Creators: name: Rafelski, Johann
name: Letessier, Jean
name: Torrieri, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the centrality dependence of properties of the dense hadronic matter created in \sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV Au--Au collisions at RHIC. Using the statistical hadronization model we fit particle yields known for 11 centrality bins. We present the resulting model parameters, rapidity yields of physical quantities and the physical properties of bulk matter at hadronization as function of centrality. We discuss the production of strangeness and entropy.
description: 7 pages including 5 figures, 1 table: more information provided: figure 1 in lieu of work in progress defines phi-data, table for statistical parameters for all models as function of centrality, additional references and reference update, section captions, PRC `nearly to be published'.... look out for further updates, referees run amock
Additional file 2 of Comparative performance and external validation of the multivariable PREDICT Prostate tool for non-metastatic prostate cancer: a study in 69,206 men from Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe)
Creators: name: Thurtle, David
name: Bratt, Ola
name: Stattin, Pär
name: Pharoah, Paul
name: Gnanapragasam, Vincent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Data request and study outline form to PCBaSe.
Finite Size Scaling, Fisher Zeroes and N=4 Super Yang-Mills
Creators: name: Crompton, P. R.
name: Janke, W.
name: Xu, Z. X.
name: Ying, H. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate critical slowing down in the local updating continuous-time Quantum Monte Carlo method by relating the finite size scaling of Fisher Zeroes to the dynamically generated gap, through the scaling of their respective critical exponents. As we comment, the nonlinear sigma model representation derived through the hamiltonian of our lattice spin model can also be used to give a effective treatment of planar anomalous dimensions in N=4 SYM. We present scaling arguments from our FSS analysis to discuss quantum corrections and recent 2-loop results, and further comment on the prospects of extending this approach for calculating higher twist parton distributions.
description: Lattice 2004(spin), Fermilab, June 21-26, 2004; 3 pages, 4 figures
O COMPLEXO AGROINDUSTRIAL DA SOJA NO BRASIL E NO PARANÁ: EXPORTAÇÕES E COMPETITIVIDADE NO PERÍODO 1990 A 2007
Creators: name: Caldarelli, Carlos Eduardo
name: Camara, Marcia Regina Gabardo Da
name: Sereia, Vanderlei Jose
name: Caldarelli, Carlos Eduardo
name: Camara, Marcia Regina Gabardo Da
name: Sereia, Vanderlei Jose
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Agro-industrial complex soy
subject: international trade
subject: Constant Market-share model (CMS)
subject: competitiveness

description: This article analyzes the exportation of soy, and other derived products, in Brazil and in Paraná state, from 1990 to 2007. The methodological procedures consist of identification of the most representative products of the chain - the soy in grain, the soy bran and soy oil, and analysis of the results using the Constant Market-Share (CMS) model. The sources of the growth in exportations were divided into four components: the growth of world-wide commerce, definition of the exportation guideline, destination of the exported products and the competitiveness effects. In the period studied, the soy complex as a whole diversified its commercial partners due to a decrease in the concentration of the Brazilian and paranaense exportations. However, a concentration of the soy exportation market, and the consequent increase in international competition, was verified. The reasons behind the growth of the soy complex in Brazil and in Paraná state were competitiveness and the world-wide commerce in the period between 1990 and 1994, due to the opening of commercial barriers after 1990. The competitiveness in the period between 2000 and 2007 was due to investments in P&D. The barriers to the growth of exportations were: infrastructure, protectionism and the lack of interaction policies between the different segments of the soy complex.
Towards Distributed Accommodation of Covert Attacks in Interconnected Systems
Creators: name: Barboni, Angelo
name: Parisini, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93B70

description: The problem of mitigating maliciously injected signals in interconnected systems is dealt with in this paper. We consider the class of covert attacks, as they are stealthy and cannot be detected by conventional means in centralized settings. Distributed architectures can be leveraged for revealing such stealthy attacks by exploiting communication and local model knowledge. We show how such detection schemes can be improved to estimate the action of an attacker and we propose an accommodation scheme in order to mitigate or neutralize abnormal behavior of a system under attack.
Coulomb entangler and entanglement testing network for waveguide qubits
Creators: name: Reichl, Linda E.
name: Snyder, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a small network for the testing of the entanglement of two ballistic electron waveguide qubits. The network produces different output conditional on the presence or absence of entanglement. The structure of the network allows for the determination of successful entanglement operations through the measurement of the output of a single qubit. We also present a simple model of a dynamic coulomb-like interaction and use it to describe some characteristics of a proposed scheme for the entanglement of qubits in ballistic electron waveguides.
description: 12 pages of text plus 7 figures: total 19 pages
Az őszi árpa terméskockázatának növekedése és lehetséges okai
Creators: name: Erdelyi, Eva
name: Novak, Aliz
name: Ladanyi, Marta
name: Erdelyi, Eva
name: Novak, Aliz
name: Ladanyi, Marta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: éghajlatváltozás
subject: kockázat
subject: termésmennyiség
subject: őszi árpa
subject: climate change
subject: risk
subject: crop volume
subject: autumn barley

description: Az éghajlatváltozás folyamata már elkezdődött, ezért a magyar agrárkutatóknak és szakembereknek is jól működő leíró-előrejelző rendszereket szükséges alkotniuk. Munkánk célja a hozamok elemzése, az időbeni változások megfigyelése volt 1951-től napjainkig. Az árpa termésmennyiségi adatait a trendhatások kiszűrésével összehasonlíthatóvá tettük. A vizsgálat helyszíne Hajdú-Bihar megye volt. Az ún. E,V hatásossági kritérium alapján vizsgáltuk az árpa terméskockázatának alakulását az 1951-90-es időszakban, továbbá azóta. A kimutatott terméskockázat-növekedés azt a nézetet támasztja alá, hogy az éghajlat „láthatóan” változik, aminek jeleivel szinte naponta találkozunk. Megfigyelt meteorológiai változókból olyan indikátorokat ké¬pezhetünk, amelyek vélhetően döntően befolyásolják az egyes növények fejlődését. A bizonytalanság növekedésének okait keresve, egyik első lépésként, klímaváltozási szcenáriókra megvizsgáltunk egy csapadékra megfogalmazott éghajlat-változási in¬dexet, amely az extrém mennyiségekre, a gyakoriságukra és az előfordulásukhoz köt¬hető napok számára vonatkozik. ----------------------------------------- Climate change is a currently ongoing process, which requires Hungarian agricultural researchers and professionals to create functioning descriptive and forecasting systems. This paper covers the analysis of crop volume and changes over time from 1951 to the current days. We filtered out trend effects to make crop volume data for barley comparable. The study was done on Hajdú-Bihar county. Changes in the crop risk of the barley in the 1951-1990 period and later was assessed using the so-called E,V effectiveness parameter. The increase found in crop risk supports the view that climate is ‘visibly’ changing – the signs of which are seen nearly every day. The monitored meteorological variables can be used to construct indicators, which are assumed to have a decisive impact on the growth of individual plant species. In an attempt to find out what caused crop risk to increase, a climate change index built for precipitation – extreme quantities, frequency and number of days when it occurs – was tested for climate change scenarios.
A bortermelés struktúrájának változásai
Creators: name: Brazsil, David
name: Brazsil, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: szőlő-bor ágazat
subject: liberalizáció
subject: oligopólium
subject: befektetés
subject: viticulture and winemaking
subject: liberalisation
subject: oligopoly
subject: investment

description: A szőlő-bor vertikum termelési oldalán jelentős koncentrációs folyamatok kez¬dődtek. A koncentráció egyik motorja a befektetők, akik az 1980-as évektől jelentek meg nagy számban az ágazatban. Stratégiájukat alapvetően az alapanyaghoz való hozzáférés, a terjeszkedési lehetőség, a márkaépítés és a disztribúciós csatornákhoz való hozzáférés határozza meg. Magyarországon a koncentrációs folyamatokat a jogi-gazdasági környezet erősen befolyásolta. ------------------------------------- Significant concentration processes have begun in the production side of the grape and wine business. These are in part driven by the investors who appeared in large numbers in this field after the eighties. Their strategy is basically determined by their access to raw materials, potential for growth, brand building and access to distribution channels. The consolidation processes in Hungary were strongly influenced by the legal and economic environment.
Additional file 1 of Comparative performance and external validation of the multivariable PREDICT Prostate tool for non-metastatic prostate cancer: a study in 69,206 men from Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe)
Creators: name: Thurtle, David
name: Bratt, Ola
name: Stattin, Pär
name: Pharoah, Paul
name: Gnanapragasam, Vincent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary files.
Spin-dependent transport through magnetic nanojunctions
Creators: name: Walczak, Kamil
name: Platero, Gloria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent electronic transport through a molecular device is studied using non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. Such device is made of a carbon nanowire which is connected to ferromagnetic electrodes. The molecule itself is described with the help of Hubbard model (Coulomb interactions are treated by means of the Hartree-Fock approximation), while the coupling to the electrodes is modeled through the use of a broad-band theory. It was shown that magnetoresistance varies periodically with increasing the length of atomic wire (in the linear response regime) and oscillates with increasing of bias voltage (in the nonlinear response regime). Since the TMR effect for analyzed structures is predicted to be large (tens of percentage), considered junctions seem to be suitable for application as a magnetoresistive elements in the future electronic circuits.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of The first composite score predicting Digital Ulcers in systemic sclerosis patients using Clinical data, Imaging and Patient history—CIP-DUS
Creators: name: S. Friedrich
name: S. Lüders
name: J. Klotsche
name: G. R. Burmester
name: G. Riemekasten
name: S. Ohrndorf
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1:. Supplement Table. Baseline patient characteristics, including diagnosis, sex, age (±SD), Raynaud’s phenomenon, digital ulcers and nailfold capillaroscopy patterns as described by Cutolo et al. (table cited from [8]).
Radiation in the process of the formation of voids
Creators: name: Bolejko, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper aims to investigate the influence of inhomogeneous radiation in void formation. Since the process of void formation is non-linear, a fully relativistic model, which simulates the evolution of voids from the moment of the last scattering until the present instant, is presented. It is found that in order to obtain a model of a void which evolves from $δ_0 = - 10^{-5}$ at the last scattering moment to the present day $δ= - 0.94$, the existence of radiation must be taken into account. The ratio of radiation energy density to matter energy density in CDM models at the moment of last scattering is 1/5. This paper proves that such a value of radiation energy density cannot be neglected and influences the first stages of void evolution. Namely, it is important to the process of structure formation and hence significantly influences the dynamics of the Universe in the first millions of years after the last scattering. From the fact that the evolution of voids proceeds differently in various cosmological background models we use the process of void formation to put some limits on values of cosmological parameters. We find that the model with $Ω_{mat} \approx 0.3$ fits the observational data best.
description: MN2e LaTeX style file, 10 pages, 6 figures; revised version, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Motion-supervised Co-Part Segmentation
Creators: name: Siarohin, Aliaksandr
name: Roy, Subhankar
name: Lathuilière, Stéphane
name: Tulyakov, Sergey
name: Ricci, Elisa
name: Sebe, Nicu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent co-part segmentation methods mostly operate in a supervised learning setting, which requires a large amount of annotated data for training. To overcome this limitation, we propose a self-supervised deep learning method for co-part segmentation. Differently from previous works, our approach develops the idea that motion information inferred from videos can be leveraged to discover meaningful object parts. To this end, our method relies on pairs of frames sampled from the same video. The network learns to predict part segments together with a representation of the motion between two frames, which permits reconstruction of the target image. Through extensive experimental evaluation on publicly available video sequences we demonstrate that our approach can produce improved segmentation maps with respect to previous self-supervised co-part segmentation approaches.
Temperature Dependence of Gluon and Ghost Propagators in Landau-Gauge Yang-Mills Theory below the Phase Transition
Creators: name: Gruter, Burghard
name: Alkofer, Reinhard
name: Maas, Axel
name: Wambach, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dyson-Schwinger equations of Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory for the gluon and ghost propagators are investigated. Numerical results are obtained within a truncation scheme which has proven to be successful at vanishing temperature. For temperatures up to 250 MeV we find only minor quantitative changes in the infrared behaviour of the gluon and ghost propagators. The effective action calculated from these propagators is temperature-independent within the numerical uncertainty.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures, submitted to EPJ C, typos corrected, reference and 2 minor clarifications added, in v3: one paragraph extended, some references added, version to appear in EPJC
On entropic quantities related to the classical capacity of infinite dimensional quantum channels
Creators: name: Shirokov, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the $χ$-function (the Holevo capacity of constrained channel) and the convex closure of the output entropy for arbitrary infinite dimensional channel. It is shown that the $χ$-function of an arbitrary channel is a concave lower semicontinuous function on the whole state space, having continuous restriction to any set of continuity of the output entropy. The explicit representation for the convex closure of the output entropy is obtained and its properties are explored. It is shown that the convex closure of the output entropy coincides with the convex hull of the output entropy on the convex set of states with finite output entropy. Similarly to the case of the $χ$-function, it is proved that the convex closure of the output entropy has continuous restriction to any set of continuity of output entropy. Some applications of these results to the theory of entanglement are discussed. The obtained properties of the convex closure of the output entropy make it possible to generalize to the infinite dimensional case the convex duality approach to the additivity problem.
description: 25 pages
Lonchidiopsis Vanhoffen 1917
Creators: name: Kim, Il-Hoi
name: Boxshall, Geoff A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Copepoda
Cyclopoida
Notodelphyidae
Lonchidiopsis

description: Genus Lonchidiopsis Vanhöffen, 1917
Diagnosis. Body of female dorsoventrally depressed: consisting of cephalosome, short neck, large trunk and smallfree urosome.Trunk formingbrood pouchconsisting of fused third to fifth pedigerous somites. Urosome unsegmented but with traces of articulations. Caudal rami armed with 6 setae. Rostrum tipped with spinous process. Antennule 8-segmented. Female antenna 3-segmented, comprising coxa, allobasis and 1-segmented free endopod bearing terminal claw. Male antenna forming powerful chelate grasping organ. Mandible with coxal gnathobase forming broad cutting margin; basis fused with first endopodal segment, secondendopodal segment with 10 setae: exopod 1-segmented, fused to basis, armed with 5 setae. Maxillule armed with 9 setae on arthrite, 1 on endite, 2 on epipodite, 3 on basis, 4 on exopod, and 5 on endopod. Maxilla 3-segmented; basis with claw plus 2 setae; endopod small, unsegmented with 5 setae. Maxilliped unsegmented, armed with 5 setae medially and 3 setae distally. Legs 1–3 with 2-segmented rami; inner coxal seta present in leg 1, present or absent in legs 2–4; basiswith innerdistal spine. Leg 4 with 2-segmented rami, lacking inner setaon first exopodal segment; leg 4 vestigial in some species, or absent. Leg 5 comprising lateral papilla bearing protopodal seta and exopodal segment armed with 2 setae distally.
Type species. Lonchidiopsis hartmeyeri Vanĥffen, 1917, by original designation.
Remarks. Unlike its two congeners L. tripes Stock, 1967 and L. setosus Jones & Montez Moreno, 1981, the type species L. hartmeyeri possesses a well-developed leg 4 and has more armature elements on legs 1–3.
description: Published as part of Kim, Il-Hoi & Boxshall, Geoff A., 2020, Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata), pp. 1-6 in Megataxa 4 (1) on page 447, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.4.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4591138
Allocating ground water in the Great Lakes Basin : an anaylsis [i.e. analysis] of international and domestic law and policy
Creators: name: Morris, Timothy James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Ground water is a critical element of the ecosystem in the Great Lakes Basin. It is an integral component of a dynamic hydrological system that is the lifeblood for this region's remarkable natural diversity. It is also an important human resource. Unfortunately, intensive ground water withdrawals are resulting in negative consequences that are often hidden from view but which are causing social conflicts and environmental degradation. This thesis considers the failure of courts and governments to implement laws for allocating ground water rights according to hydrological reality and the collective interests of affected communities. Legal mechanisms are rooted in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Despite rapid growth and the considerable pressure now exerted on ground water resources, courts and governments continue to allow, and even encourage unrestricted ground water withdrawals. The underlying ideology of state institutions within the Basin is contributing to the systematic undervaluation of environmental and long term interests of present and future generations. A reinvigorated concept of sustainability, one that is based on the ideals of deliberative democracy, would better represent these interests in decisions concerning the allocation of ground water. Through the process of ground water allocation planning, decision-making can be guided into a preventative and community-oriented approach that more accurately reflects the long term interests of the Basin.
Fenntartható turizmusfejlesztés a Tisza-tónál
Creators: name: Remenyik, Bulcsu
name: Remenyik, Bulcsu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: fenntartható turizmus
subject: területfejlesztés
subject: ökoturizmus
subject: Tisza-tó
subject: sustainable tourism
subject: land development
subject: ecological tourism
subject: Tisza Lake

description: A Tisza-tó professzionális módon történő bemutatásának megszervezése elemi érdek, mert a látogatótömeg megjelenése és a szervezetlen módon történő látogatás a tó számára tragikus jövőt tartogat. A környezetterhelés, a vadkempingezés, az eti¬kátlan viselkedés miatt nem őrizhető meg hosszú távon a Tisza-tó vonzereje. A meglévő tervek a fenntartható fejlődés, a turizmusfejlesztés és az életminőség javításának céljai irányába mutatnak. ---------------------------------- Creating professional ways to enable visitors to see the Tisza Lake is essential, as the appearance of masses of tourists and unorganised visits imply a tragic future for the lake. On the long term, damages to the environmental, unauthorised camping and unethical behavior will cause the Tisza Lake to lose its attractiveness. The goals presented in current plans are geared toward sustainable development, touristic improvements and better quality of life.
Edge excitations and Topological orders in rotating Bose gases
Creators: name: Cazalilla, M. A.
name: Barberan, N.
name: Cooper, N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The edge excitations and related topological orders of correlated states of a fast rotating Bose gas are studied. Using exact diagonalization of small systems, we compute the energies and number of edge excitations, as well as the boson occupancy near the edge for various states. The chiral Luttinger-liquid theory of Wen is found to be a good description of the edges of the bosonic Laughlin and other states identified as members of the principal Jain sequence for bosons. However, we find that in a harmonic trap the edge of the state identified as the Moore-Read (Pfaffian) state shows a number of anomalies. An experimental way of detecting these correlated states is also discussed.
description: Results extended to larger systems. Improved presentation
Delay-Induced Uncertainty for a Paradigmatic Glucose-Insulin Model
Creators: name: Karamched, Bhargav
name: Hripcsak, George
name: Albers, Dave
name: Ott, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 92C50, 92C30, 37N25, 37D25, 37D45, 37G35

description: Medical practice in the intensive care unit is based on the supposition that physiological systems such as the human glucose-insulin system are predictable. We demonstrate that delay within the glucose-insulin system can induce sustained temporal chaos, rendering the system unpredictable. Specifically, we exhibit such chaos for the Ultradian glucose-insulin model. This well-validated, finite-dimensional model represents feedback delay as a three-stage filter. Using the theory of rank one maps from smooth dynamical systems, we precisely explain the nature of the resulting delay-induced uncertainty (DIU). We develop a recipe one may use to diagnose DIU in a general oscillatory dynamical system. For infinite-dimensional delay systems, no analog of the theory of rank one maps exists. Nevertheless, we show that the geometric principles encoded in our DIU recipe apply to such systems by exhibiting sustained temporal chaos for a linear shear flow. Our results are potentially broadly applicable because delay is ubiquitous throughout mathematical physiology.
description: 19 pages; 9 figures
Building a Multi-domain Neural Machine Translation Model using Knowledge Distillation
Creators: name: Mghabbar, Idriss
name: Ratnamogan, Pirashanth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lack of specialized data makes building a multi-domain neural machine translation tool challenging. Although emerging literature dealing with low resource languages starts to show promising results, most state-of-the-art models used millions of sentences. Today, the majority of multi-domain adaptation techniques are based on complex and sophisticated architectures that are not adapted for real-world applications. So far, no scalable method is performing better than the simple yet effective mixed-finetuning, i.e finetuning a generic model with a mix of all specialized data and generic data. In this paper, we propose a new training pipeline where knowledge distillation and multiple specialized teachers allow us to efficiently finetune a model without adding new costs at inference time. Our experiments demonstrated that our training pipeline allows improving the performance of multi-domain translation over finetuning in configurations with 2, 3, and 4 domains by up to 2 points in BLEU.
$λ_S$: Computable Semantics for Differentiable Programming with Higher-Order Functions and Datatypes
Creators: name: Sherman, Benjamin
name: Michel, Jesse
name: Carbin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.1; F.3.2

description: Deep learning is moving towards increasingly sophisticated optimization objectives that employ higher-order functions, such as integration, continuous optimization, and root-finding. Since differentiable programming frameworks such as PyTorch and TensorFlow do not have first-class representations of these functions, developers must reason about the semantics of such objectives and manually translate them to differentiable code. We present a differentiable programming language, $λ_S$, that is the first to deliver a semantics for higher-order functions, higher-order derivatives, and Lipschitz but nondifferentiable functions. Together, these features enable $λ_S$ to expose differentiable, higher-order functions for integration, optimization, and root-finding as first-class functions with automatically computed derivatives. $λ_S$'s semantics is computable, meaning that values can be computed to arbitrary precision, and we implement $λ_S$ as an embedded language in Haskell. We use $λ_S$ to construct novel differentiable libraries for representing probability distributions, implicit surfaces, and generalized parametric surfaces -- all as instances of higher-order datatypes -- and present case studies that rely on computing the derivatives of these higher-order functions and datatypes. In addition to modeling existing differentiable algorithms, such as a differentiable ray tracer for implicit surfaces, without requiring any user-level differentiation code, we demonstrate new differentiable algorithms, such as the Hausdorff distance of generalized parametric surfaces.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures
Experimental observation of magnetic dimers in diluted Yb:YAlO$_3$
Creators: name: Nikitin, S. E.
name: Xie, Tao
name: Podlesnyak, A.
name: Zaliznyak, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive experimental investigation of Yb magnetic dimers in Yb$_{0.04}$Y$_{0.96}$AlO$_3$, an Yb-doped Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (YAP) YAlO$_3$ by means of specific heat, magnetization and high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. In our sample, the Yb ions are randomly distributed over the lattice and $\sim 7$\% of Yb ions form quantum dimers due to nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic coupling along the $c$-axis. At zero field, the dimer formation manifests itself in an appearance of an inelastic peak at $Δ\approx 0.2$~meV in the INS spectrum and a Schottky-like anomaly in the specific heat. The structure factor of the INS peak exhibits a cosine modulation along the $L$ direction, in agreement with the $c$-axis nearest-neighbor intra-dimer coupling. A careful fitting of the low-temperature specific heat shows that the excited state is a degenerate triplet, which indicates a surprisingly small anisotropy of the effective Yb-Yb exchange interaction despite the low crystal symmetry and anisotropic magnetic dipole contribution, in agreement with previous reports for the Yb parent compound, YbAlO$_3$ [arXiv:1904.11513, arXiv:1902.04112], and in contrast to Yb$_2$Pt$_2$Pb [arXiv:1606.01309, arXiv:1907.01067]. The obtained results are precisely reproduced by analytical calculations for the Yb dimers.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Analysis of on-line learning when a moving teacher goes around a true teacher
Creators: name: Miyoshi, Seiji
name: Okada, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of on-line learning, a learning machine might move around a teacher due to the differences in structures or output functions between the teacher and the learning machine or due to noises. The generalization performance of a new student supervised by a moving machine has been analyzed. A model composed of a true teacher, a moving teacher and a student that are all linear perceptrons with noises has been treated analytically using statistical mechanics. It has been proven that the generalization errors of a student can be smaller than that of a moving teacher, even if the student only uses examples from the moving teacher.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Certified Randomness from Remote State Preparation Dimension Witness
Creators: name: Chen, Xing
name: Redeker, Kai
name: Garthoff, Robert
name: Rosenfeld, Wenjamin
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
name: Gerhardt, Ilja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Randomness in Bell test data can be device-independently certified by Bell's theorem without placing assumptions about the experimental devices. The device-independent randomness has very demanding requirement about the experimental devices and relatively lower output randomness. With the same Bell test data we can extract substantially more randomness without using Bell's theorem. To achieve this goal, we introduce a remote state preparation dimension witness and a semi-device-independent randomness certification model which is based on it. This is one important step towards practical use of Bell test in randomness generation.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Zero-field incommensurate spin-Peierls phase with interchain frustration in TiOCl
Creators: name: Rückamp, R.
name: Baier, J.
name: Kriener, M.
name: Haverkort, M. W.
name: Lorenz, T.
name: Uhrig, G. S.
name: Jongen, L.
name: Möller, A.
name: Meyer, G.
name: Grüninger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the magnetic, thermodynamic and optical properties of the quasi-one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets TiOCl and TiOBr, which have been discussed as spin-Peierls compounds. The observed deviations from canonical spin-Peierls behavior, e.g. the existence of two distinct phase transitions, have been attributed previously to strong orbital fluctuations. This can be ruled out by our optical data of the orbital excitations. We show that the frustration of the interchain interactions in the bilayer structure gives rise to incommensurate order with a subsequent lock-in transition to a commensurate dimerized state. In this way, a single driving force, the spin-Peierls mechanism, induces two separate transitions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures