cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Temperatures and chemical potentials at kinetic freeze-out in relativistic heavy ion collisions from coarse grained transport simulations
Creators: name: Inghirami, Gabriele
name: Hillmann, Paula
name: Tomášik, Boris
name: Bleicher, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the UrQMD/coarse graining approach we explore the kinetic freeze-out stage in central Au + Au collisions at various energies. These studies allow us to obtain detailed information on the thermodynamic properties (e.g. temperature and chemical potential) of the system during the kinetic decoupling stage. We explore five relevant collision energies in detail, ranging from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.4\,\mathrm{GeV}$ (GSI-SIS) to $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\,\mathrm{GeV}$ (RHIC). By adopting a standard Hadron Resonance Gas equation of state, we determine the average temperature $\langle T \rangle$ and the average baryon chemical potential $\langleμ_{\mathrm{B}}\rangle$ on the space-time hyper-surface of last interaction. The results highlight the nature of the kinetic freeze-out as a continuous process. This differential decoupling is an important aspect often missed when summarizing data as single points in the phase diagram as e.g. done in Blast-Wave fits. We compare the key properties of the system derived by using our approach with other models and we briefly review similarities and differences.
description: Version accepted by JPG
Dissipation in a 2-dimensional Hilbert space: Various forms of complete positivity
Creators: name: Bertlmann, R. A.
name: Grimus, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the time evolution of the density matrix $ρ$ in a 2-dimensional complex Hilbert space. We allow for dissipation by adding to the von Neumann equation a term $D[ρ]$, which is of Lindblad type in order to assure complete positivity of the time evolution. We present five equivalent forms of $D[ρ]$. In particular, we connect the familiar dissipation matrix $L$ with a geometric version of $D[ρ]$, where $L$ consists of a positive sum of projectors onto planes in $\mathbf{R}^3$. We also study the minimal number of Lindblad terms needed to describe the most general case of $D[ρ]$. All proofs are worked out comprehensively, as they present at the same time a practical procedure how to determine explicitly the different forms of $D[ρ]$. Finally, we perform a general discussion of the asymptotic behaviour $t \to \infty$ of the density matrix and we relate the two types of asymptotic behaviour with our geometric version of $D[ρ]$.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX, no figures. Further aspects of complete positivity worked out and references added; version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. A
Additional file 3 of Physical therapy interventions for older people with vertigo, dizziness and balance disorders addressing mobility and participation: a systematic review
Creators: name: Regauer, Verena
name: Seckler, Eva
name: Müller, Martin
name: Bauer, Petra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3. Methodological quality of included studies.
Managing water and nutrients to ensure global food security, while sustaining ecosystem services
Creators: name: Drechsel, Pay
name: Heffer, P.
name: Magen, H.
name: Mikkelsen, R.
name: Singh, H.
name: Wichelns, D.
name: Drechsel, Pay
name: Heffer, P.
name: Magen, H.
name: Mikkelsen, R.
name: Singh, H.
name: Wichelns, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Water management
subject: Food security
subject: Nutrients Ecosystem services
subject: Farmers
subject: Soil fertility
subject: Fertilizers

description: In Drechsel, Pay ; Heffer, P.; Magen, H.; Mikkelsen, R.; Wichelns, D. (Eds.). Managing water and fertilizer for sustainable agricultural intensification. Paris, France: International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Georgia, USA: International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Horgen, Switzerland: International Potash Institute (IPI).
Water use efficiency in agriculture: measurement, current situation and trends
Creators: name: Sharma, Bharat
name: Molden, D.
name: Cook, Simon
name: Sharma, Bharat
name: Molden, D.
name: Cook, Simon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Water use efficiency
subject: Water productivity
subject: Agricultural population
subject: Crops
subject: Measurement
subject: Nitrogen fertilizers

description: In Drechsel, Pay ; Heffer, P.; Magen, H.; Mikkelsen, R.; Wichelns, D. (Eds.). Managing water and fertilizer for sustainable agricultural intensification. Paris, France: International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Georgia, USA: International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Horgen, Switzerland: International Potash Institute (IPI).
Metal Ions based Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: MI-DNP
Creators: name: Alvarez, Daniel Jardon-
name: Leskes, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last two decades magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS DNP) has revolutionized NMR for materials characterization, tackling its main limitation of intrinsically low sensitivity. Progress in theoretical understanding, instrumentation, and sample formulation expanded the range of materials applications and research questions that can benefit from MAS DNP. Currently the most common approach for hyperpolarization under MAS consists in impregnating the sample of interest with a solution containing nitroxide radicals, which upon microwave irradiation serve as exogenous polarizing agents. On the other hand, in metal ion based (MI)-DNP, inorganic materials are doped with paramagnetic metal centres, which then can be used as endogenous polarizing agents. In this work we give an overview of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) concepts required to characterize the metal ions and discuss the expected changes in the NMR response due to the presence of paramagnetic species. We highlight which properties of the electron spins are beneficial for applications as polarizing agents in DNP and how to recognize them, both from the EPR and NMR data. A theoretical description of the main DNP mechanisms is given, employing a quantum mechanical formalism, and these concepts are used to explain the spin dynamics observed in the DNP experiment. In addition, we highlight the main differences between MI-DNP and the more common approaches in MAS DNP, which use organic radicals as exogenous polarizing source. Finally, we review some applications of metal ions as polarizing agents in general and then focus particularly on research questions in materials science that can benefit from MI-DNP.
A New Challenge: Bar Formation and Secular Evolution in Lenticular Galaxies
Creators: name: Gadotti, Dimitri A.
name: de Souza, Ronaldo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To further enhance our understanding on the formation and evolution of bars in lenticular (S0) galaxies, we are undertaking a detailed photometric and spectroscopic study on a sample of 22 objects. Here we report the results of a 2D structural analysis on two barred face-on S0's, which indicate that presently these galaxies do not possess disks. We discuss two possibilities to explain these surprising results, namely strong secular evolution and bar formation without disks.
description: 4 pages inc. 2 figures; to appear in "The Evolution of Galaxies III. From Simple Approaches to Self-Consistent Models", proceedings of the 3rd EuroConference on the evolution of galaxies, held in Kiel, Germany, July 16-20, 2002
CHIMPS: Physical properties of molecular clumps across the inner Galaxy
Creators: name: Rigby, A. J.
name: Moore, T. J. T.
name: Eden, D. J.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Ragan, S. E.
name: Peretto, N.
name: Plume, R.
name: Thompson, M. A.
name: Currie, M. J.
name: Park, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The latest generation of high-angular-resolution unbiased Galactic plane surveys in molecular-gas tracers are enabling the interiors of molecular clouds to be studied across a range of environments. The CHIMPS survey simultaneously mapped a sector of the inner Galactic plane, within 27.8 < l < 46.2 deg and |b| < 0.5 deg, in 13CO and C18O (3-2) at 15 arcsec resolution. The combination of CHIMPS data with 12CO (3-2) data from the COHRS survey has enabled us to perform a voxel-by-voxel local-thermodynamic-equilibrium analysis, determining the excitation temperature, optical depth, and column density of 13CO at each l,b,v position. Distances to discrete sources identified by FellWalker in the 13CO (3-2) emission maps were determined, allowing the calculation of numerous physical properties of the sources, and we present the first source catalogues in this paper. We find that, in terms of size and density, the CHIMPS sources represent an intermediate population between large-scale molecular clouds identified by CO and dense clumps seen in dust emission, and therefore represent the bulk transition from the diffuse to the dense phase of molecular gas. We do not find any significant systematic variations in the masses, column densities, virial parameters, excitation temperature, or the turbulent pressure over the range of Galactocentric distance probed, but we do find a shallow increase in the mean volume density with increasing Galactocentric distance. We find that inter-arm clumps have significantly narrower linewidths, and lower virial parameters and excitation temperatures than clumps located in spiral arms. When considering the most reliable distance-limited subsamples, the largest variations occur on the clump-to-clump scale, echoing similar recent studies that suggest that the star-forming process is largely insensitive to the Galactic-scale environment, at least within the inner disc.
description: Abstract abridged. 25 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. v2: typos corrected & improved layout
Additional file 1 of Exploring the practice, confidence and educational needs of hospital pharmacists in reviewing antimicrobial prescribing: a cross-sectional, nationwide survey
Creators: name: Khumra, Sharmila
name: Mahony, Andrew A.
name: Bergen, Phillip J.
name: Page, Amy T.
name: Elliott, Rohan A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Survey & key concepts with examples of respondent comments regarding factors affecting when they re-evaulated antimicrobial prescribing. Survey used in the study to collect data. Key concepts with examples of respondent comments regarding factors affecting when they re-evaulated antimicrobial prescribing. (Optional free-text comments associated with question 8 in the survey).
Thalamita picta Stimpson 1858
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Portunidae
Thalamita
Thalamita picta

description: Thalamita picta Stimpson, 1858
 Thalamita picta Stimpson, 1858a: 39 [type locality: Japan; type material presumed lost].
 Hawaiian Is. records:
 Thalamita picta Stimpson, 1858 — Rathbun 1906: 873 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1925: 38 [Pearl and Hermes Reef, Necker]; 1946: 283 [H.I.]; 1954: 263, figs. 35b, 36e–h [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Stephenson & Rees 1967: 86 (part) [Hawai‘i]. — Stephenson 1972: 150 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 71 [French Frigate Shoals].
 Thalamita alcocki De Man, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 875 [“Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Edmondson 1954: 264, fig. 37a, b [Rathbun’s material]. — Stephenson 1976: 19 [Rathbun’s material].
 Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Stephenson (1976), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
 Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; Clipperton I. (Tropical Eastern Pacific region).
 Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 150 m.
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044
Positron Fraction in the CMSSM
Creators: name: de Boer, Wim
name: Horn, Markus
name: Sander, Christian
name: Kazakov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fit to the present data on the cosmic ray positron fraction can be considerably improved,if in addition to the positron production by nuclear interactions in the universe the possible contribution from supersymmetric dark matter annihilation is taken into account. We scan over the complete SUSY parameter space of the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Model (CMSSM) and find that in the acceptable regions the neutralino annihilation into b-bbar quark pairs is the dominant channel with hard positrons emerging from the semileptonic decays of the B-mesons.
description: 6 pages, Latex, Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Identification of Dark Matter (idm2002), York, England, 2-6 September, 2002
Thalamita sexlobata Miers 1886
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Portunidae
Thalamita
Thalamita sexlobata

description: Thalamita sexlobata Miers, 1886
 Thalamita sexlobata Miers, 1886: 196, pl. 16, fig. 2 [type locality: Tonga; type material: NHM 1884.31]. Hawaiian Is. record:
 Thalamita sexlobata Miers, 1886 — Stephenson 1972: 151 [O‘ahu].
 Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Apel & Spiridonov (1998)
 Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
 Habitat. Subtidal, 5–146 m.
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044
SpellRing: Recognizing Continuous Fingerspelling in American Sign Language using a Ring
Creators: name: Lim, Hyunchul
name: Dang, Nam Anh
name: Lee, Dylan
name: Yu, Tianhong Catherine
name: Lu, Jane
name: Li, Franklin Mingzhe
name: Jin, Yiqi
name: Ma, Yan
name: Bi, Xiaojun
name: Guimbretière, François
name: Zhang, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fingerspelling is a critical part of American Sign Language (ASL) recognition and has become an accessible optional text entry method for Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) individuals. In this paper, we introduce SpellRing, a single smart ring worn on the thumb that recognizes words continuously fingerspelled in ASL. SpellRing uses active acoustic sensing (via a microphone and speaker) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to track handshape and movement, which are processed through a deep learning algorithm using Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss. We evaluated the system with 20 ASL signers (13 fluent and 7 learners), using the MacKenzie-Soukoref Phrase Set of 1,164 words and 100 phrases. Offline evaluation yielded top-1 and top-5 word recognition accuracies of 82.45% (9.67%) and 92.42% (5.70%), respectively. In real-time, the system achieved a word error rate (WER) of 0.099 (0.039) on the phrases. Based on these results, we discuss key lessons and design implications for future minimally obtrusive ASL recognition wearables.
MOESM2 of Dietary supplementation of menthol-rich bioactive lipid compounds alters circadian eating behaviour of sheep
Creators: name: Amlan Patra
name: Geiger, Sebastian
name: Hannah-Sophie Braun
name: Jรถrg Aschenbach
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Effect of different doses of menthol-rich plant bioactive lipid compounds (PBLC) on the circadian distribution of eating time and feeder visits in sheep.
Initial Decoherence of Open Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new short-time approximation scheme for evaluation of decoherence. At low temperatures, the approximation is argued to apply at intermediate times as well. It then provides a tractable approach complementary to Markovian-type approximations, and is appropriate for evaluation of deviations from pure states in quantum computing models.
description: 24 pages in plain TeX
Phases of QCD, Thermal Quasiparticles and Dilepton Radiation from a Fireball
Creators: name: Renk, T.
name: Schneider, R. A.
name: Weise, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate dilepton production rates from a fireball adapted to the kinematical conditions realized in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions over a broad range of beam energies. The freeze-out state of the fireball is fixed by hadronic observables. We use this information combined with the initial geometry of the collision region to follow the space-time evolution of the fireball. Assuming entropy conservation, its bulk thermodynamic properties can then be uniquely obtained once the equation of state (EoS) is specified. The high-temperature (QGP) phase is modelled by a non-perturbative quasiparticle model that incorporates a phenomenological confinement description, adapted to lattice QCD results. For the hadronic phase, we interpolate the EoS into the region where a resonance gas approach seems applicable, keeping track of a possible overpopulation of the pion phase space. In this way, the fireball evolution is specified without reference to dilepton data, thus eliminating it as an adjustable parameter in the rate calculations. Dilepton emission in the QGP phase is then calculated within the quasiparticle model. In the hadronic phase, both temperature and finite baryon density effects on the photon spectral function are incorporated. Existing dilepton data from CERES at 158 and 40 AGeV Pb-Au collisions are well described, and a prediction for the PHENIX setup at RHIC for sqrt(s) = 200 AGeV is given.
description: 31 pages, 15 figures, final version
MOESM1 of Dietary supplementation of menthol-rich bioactive lipid compounds alters circadian eating behaviour of sheep
Creators: name: Amlan Patra
name: Geiger, Sebastian
name: Hannah-Sophie Braun
name: Jรถrg Aschenbach
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Effect of different doses of menthol-rich plant bioactive lipid compounds (PBLC) on eating time and frequency of feeder visits in different weeks of feeding.
Hard X-ray/Soft gamma-ray Laue Lenses for High Energy Astrophysics
Creators: name: Frontera, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of the celestial phenomena in the hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray band(20 keV--1 MeV) is very intriguing but also very difficult to be performed with the needed sensitivity. In this review I will discuss the astrophysical importance of the soft gamma-ray astronomy, its difficulties to solve its issues with the current instrumentation, and a possible solution achievable using focusing Laue lens. Concerning these instruments, I will discuss their functioning principle, how to achieve a high reflection efficiency, their imaging properties, the current feasibility studies, the technological developments and observation prospects.
description: 33 pages, 18 figures, to be published
Thalamita stephensoni Crosnier 1962
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Portunidae
Thalamita
Thalamita stephensoni

description: Thalamita stephensoni Crosnier, 1962
 Thalamita stephensoni Crosnier, 1962: 140, figs. 241–248 [type locality: Madagascar; holotype: MNHN-B6295]. Hawaiian Is. record:
 Thalamita stephensoni Crosnier, 1962 — Stephenson 1972: 152 [O‘ahu].
 Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
 Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
 Habitat. Intertidal
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044
Probing Structures of Distant Extrasolar Planets with Microlensing
Creators: name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Chang, Heon-Young
name: Han, Cheongho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planetary companions to the source stars of a caustic-crossing binary microlensing events can be detected via the deviation from the parent light curves created when the caustic magnifies the star light reflecting off the atmosphere or surface of the planets. The magnitude of the deviation is delta_p e_p rho_p^{-1/2}, where e_p is the fraction of starlight reflected by the planet and rho_p is the angular radius of the planet in units of angular Einstein ring radius. Due to the extraordinarily high resolution achieved during the caustic crossing, the detailed shapes of these perturbations are sensitive to fine structures on and around the planets. We consider the signatures of rings, satellites, and atmospheric features on caustic-crossing microlensing light curves. We find that, for reasonable assumptions, rings produce deviations of order 10% delta_p, whereas satellites, spots, and zonal bands produce deviations of order 1% delta_p. We consider the detectability of these features using current and future telescopes, and find that, with very large apertures (>30m), ring systems may be detectable, whereas spots, satellites, and zonal bands will generally be difficult to detect. We also present a short discussion of the stability of rings around close-in planets, noting that rings are likely to be lost to Poynting-Robertson drag on a timescale of order 10^5 years, unless they are composed of large (>>1 cm) particles, or are stabilized by satellites.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures. Revised version, minor changes, figures fixed. Accepted to ApJ, to appear in the March 20, 2003 issue (v586)
Supplementary document for An analysis of correlations between local geographic atrophy growth rates and local OCT angiography-measured choriocapillaris flow deficits - 5305807.pdf
Creators: name: Moult, Eric
name: Shi, Yingying
name: Zhang, Qinqin
name: Wang, Liang
name: Mazumder, Rahul
name: Chen, Siyu
name: Chu, Zhongdi
name: Feuer, William
name: waheed, Nadia
name: Gregori, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary
Understanding determinants of farmers’ investments in, and impacts of, soil and water conservation in Ethiopia: review and synthesis [Abstract only]
Creators: name: Adimassu, Zenebe
name: Langan, Simon
name: Johnston, Robyn
name: Adimassu, Zenebe
name: Langan, Simon
name: Johnston, Robyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Water conservation
subject: Soil conservation
subject: Farmers
subject: Investment
subject: Ecosystem services
subject: Incentives
subject: Erosion
subject: Land productivity
subject: Ethiopia

description: Although there has been a considerable effort to reduce soil erosion and improve land productivity in Ethiopia, farmers’ investments in SWC remain limited. There is a long and rich tradition of empirical research that seeks to identify the determinants that affect farmers’ investments in SWC practices. Nevertheless, the results regarding these determinants have been inconsistent and scattered. Moreover, the impacts of different SWC practices have not been reviewed and synthesized. Thus, this paper reviews and synthesizes past research in order to dentify determinants that affect farmers’ investments in SWC practices, and to also assess the impact of SWC practices within the framework of ecosystem services, particularly in relation to provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. The review identified several determinants that affect farmers’ investments in SWC practices, which are categorized into two groups: (i) factors that are related to farmers’ capacity to invest in SWC practices, and (ii) farmers’ incentives to invest in such practices. Farmers’ investments in SWC are limited by both the capacity to invest and incentives from their investments related to land improvement. The review also showed that farmers’ capacities to invest in SWC practices and their incentives for making such investments have been influenced by external factors, such as institutional support and policies. This suggests that creating enabling conditions for enhancing farmers’ investment capacities in SWC practices, and increasing their incentives for making such investments, is crucial. The review and synthesis showed that the impact of most SWC practices on provisioning ecosystem services (e.g., crop yield) is negative, which is mainly due to the reduction of effective cultivable area due to soil/stone bunds. However, these practices were very effective in regulating ecosystem services, such as soil erosion control, soil fertility improvement and surface runoff reduction.
description: Proceedings of the Launching Workshop of the Agricultural Water Management Platform, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-16 January 2015. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
MOESM1 of Agreement between results of meta-analyses from case reports and clinical studies, regarding efficacy and safety of idursulfase therapy in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS-II). A new tool for evidence-based medicine in rare diseases
Creators: name: Sampayo-Cordero, Miguel
name: Bernat Miguel-Huguet
name: Pardo-Mateos, Almudena
name: Malfettone, Andrea
name: Pérez-García, José
name: Llombart-Cussac, Antonio
name: Cortés, Javier
name: Moltó-Abad, Marc
name: Muñoz-Delgado, Cecilia
name: Pérez-Quintana, Marta
name: Pérez-López, Jordi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Search syntax used in different databases to gather the bibliographic data. Table S2. Case reports of males with MPS-II published prior to the bibliographic search of meta-analysis of clinical studies (January 2008 to December 2015). Table S3. Case reports of males with MPS-II published later to the bibliographic search of the meta-analysis of clinical studies (January 2016 to April 2018). Table S4. Agreement between the classification of outcomes based on the case report meta-analysis and the SOE classification based on the clinical study meta-analysis. Weak confirmatory method. Table S5. Sensitivity analysis on different futility boundaries. Figure S1. Agreement between the score of evidence from the case report meta-analysis and SOE from the clinical study meta-analysis. Weak confirmatory method.
Calculating the five-loop QED contribution to the electron anomalous magnetic moment: Graphs without lepton loops
Creators: name: Volkov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes a computation of a part of the QED contribution to the electron anomalous magnetic moment that was performed by the author with the help of a supercomputer. The computed part includes all 5-loop QED Feynman graphs without lepton loops. The calculation has led to the result $A_1^{(10)}[\text{no lepton loops}]=6.793(90)$ that is slightly different than the value $7.668(159)$ presented by T. Aoyama, T. Kinoshita, and M. Nio in 2018. The discrepancy is about $4.8σ$. The computation gives the first independent check for that value. A shift in the fine-structure constant prediction is revealed in the paper. The developed calculation method is based on (a) a subtraction procedure for removing all ultraviolet and infrared divergences in Feynman parametric space before integration; (b) a nonadaptive Monte Carlo integration that uses the probability density functions that are constructed for each Feynman graph individually using its combinatorial structure. The method is described briefly in the paper (with the corresponding references to the previous papers). The values for the contributions of nine gauge-invariant classes splitting the whole set are presented in the paper. Moreover, the whole set of all 5-loop graphs without lepton loops is split into 807 subsets for comparison (in the future) of the calculated values with the values obtained by another methods. These detailed results are presented in the supplemental materials. Also, the supplemental materials contain the contribution values for each of 3213 individual Feynman graphs. An "oscillating" nature of these values is discussed. Technical details of the realization are described.
Entropy and Area of Black Holes in Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Khriplovich, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple arguments related to the entropy of black holes strongly constrain the spectrum of the area operator for a Schwarzschild black hole in loop quantum gravity. In particular, this spectrum is fixed completely by the assumption that the black hole entropy is maximum. Within the approach discussed, one arrives in loop quantum gravity at a quantization rule with integer quantum numbers $n$ for the entropy and area of a black hole.
description: 8 pages, no figures; more detailed presentation of the arguments, the results unchanged
Pseudozius caystrus
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Pseudoziidae
Pseudozius
Pseudozius caystrus

description: Pseudozius caystrus (Adams & White, 1849)
 Panopeus caystrus Adams & White, 1849: 42, pl. 9, figs. 2, 2 a [type locality: “ Eastern Seas; ” lectotype: NHM 1847.21].
 Hawaiian Is. records:
 Pseudozius caystrus (Adams & White, 1849) — Rathbun 1906: 861 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 298, fig. 179 e [H.I.]; 1962a: 217, 218, 283, fig. 25b [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 364 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 1998: 15, 20 [Kaho‘olawe] — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
 Taxonomy. Ng & Wang (1994)
 Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
 Habitat. Intertidal
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044
Lessons from the results of smallholder irrigation technologies (IWMI)
Creators: name: Langan, Simon
name: Langan, Simon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Irrigation methods
subject: Technology
subject: Smallholders
subject: Farmers
subject: Pumps

description: Proceedings of the Launching Workshop of the Agricultural Water Management Platform, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-16 January 2015. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Asteroseismic constraints on the cosmic-time variation of the gravitational constant from an ancient main-sequence star
Creators: name: Bellinger, Earl Patrick
name: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the variation of the gravitational constant $G$ over the history of the Universe by modeling the effects on the evolution and asteroseismology of the low-mass star KIC 7970740, which is one of the oldest (~11 Gyr) and best-observed solar-like oscillators in the Galaxy. From these data we find $\dot{G}/G = (1.2 \pm 2.6) \times 10^{-12}~\text{yr}^{-1}$, that is, no evidence for any variation in $G$. We also find a Bayesian asteroseismic estimate of the age of the Universe as well as astrophysical S-factors for five nuclear reactions obtained through a 12-dimensional stellar evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
X-ray Spectroscopy and Variability of AGN Detected in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North Survey
Creators: name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Vignali, C.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Garmire, G. P.
name: Hornschemeier, A. E.
name: Broos, P. S.
name: Townsley, L. K.
name: Schneider, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nature of the faint X-ray source population through X-ray spectroscopy and variability analyses of 136 AGN detected in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North survey with > 200 background-subtracted 0.5-8.0 keV counts [F(0.5-8.0 keV)=(1.4-200)e-15 erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}]. Our preliminary spectral analyses yield median spectral parameters of Gamma=1.61 and intrinsic N_H=6.2e21 cm^{-2} (z=1 assumed when no redshift available) when the AGN spectra are fitted with a simple absorbed power-law model. However, considerable spectral complexity is apparent (e.g., reflection, partial covering) and must be taken into account to model the data accurately. Moreover, the choice of spectral model (i.e., free vs. fixed photon index) has a pronounced effect on the derived N_H distribution and, to a lesser extent, the X-ray luminosity distribution. Ten of the 136 AGN (~7%) show significant Fe Kalpha emission-line features with equivalent widths in the range 0.1-1.3 keV. Two of these emission-line AGN could potentially be Compton thick (i.e., Gamma < 1.0 and large Fe Kalpha equivalent width). Finally, we find that 81 (~60%) of the 136 AGN show signs of variability, and that this fraction increases significantly (~80-90%) when better photon statistics are available.
description: Submitted to Advances in Space Research for New X-ray Results from Clusters of Galaxies and Black Holes (Oct 2002; Houston, TX), eds. C. Done, E.M. Puchnarewicz, M.J. Ward. Requires cospar.sty (6 pgs, 10 figs)
Additional file 1 of An exploration of the genetic epidemiology of non-suicidal self-harm and suicide attempt
Creators: name: Russell, Abigail Emma
name: Gibran Hemani
name: Jones, Hannah J
name: Ford, Tamsin
name: Gunnell, David
name: Heron, Jon
name: Joinson, Carol
name: Moran, Paul
name: Relton, Caroline
name: Suderman, Matthew
name: Watkins, Sarah
name: Mars, Becky
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary methods. Quality control of GWAS data in ALSPAC. Supplementary Table 1. Genetic correlation (rG) between exposure phenotypes and non-suicidal self-harm in ALSPAC using bivariate restricted maximum likelihood analysis. Supplementary Table 2. Post-estimation OLS coefficients by optimum prediction model. Supplementary Table 3. Summary of optimal polygenic prediction model results. Supplementary Figure 1. Results of multinomial regression showing relative risk of NSSH and SA by polygenic risk for 17 related phenotypes.
Spin Self-Force
Creators: name: Mackewicz, Kristian
name: Wald, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the motion of charged and spinning bodies on the symmetry axis of a non-extremal Kerr-Newman black hole. If one treats the body as a test point particle of mass, $m$, charge $q$, and spin $S$, then by dropping the body into the black hole from sufficiently near the horizon, the first order area increase, $δA$, of the black hole can be made arbitrarily small, i.e., the process can be done in a ``reversible'' manner. At second order, there may be effects on the energy delivered to the black hole---quadratic in $q$ and $S$---resulting from (i) the finite size of the body and (ii) self-force corrections to the energy. Sorce and Wald have calculated these effects for a charged, non-spinning body on the symmetry axis of an uncharged Kerr black hole. We consider the generalization of this process for a charged and spinning body on the symmetry axis of a Kerr-Newman black hole, where the self-force effects have not been calculated. A spinning body (with negligible extent along the spin axis) must have a mass quadrupole moment $\gtrsim S^2/m$, so at quadratic order in the spin, we must take into account quadrupole effects on the motion. After taking into account all such finite size effects, we find that the condition $δ^2 A \geq 0$ yields a nontrivial lower bound on the self-force energy, $E_{SF}$, at the horizon. In particular, for an uncharged, spinning body on the axis of a Kerr black hole of mass $M$, the net contribution of spin self-force to the energy of the body at the horizon is $E_{SF} \geq S^2/8M^3$, corresponding to an overall repulsive spin self-force. A lower bound for the self-force energy, $E_{SF}$, for a body with both charge and spin at the horizon of a Kerr-Newman black hole is given. This lower bound will be the correct formula for $E_{SF}$ if the dropping process can be done reversibly to second order.
description: 23 pages, no figures; references added in v2; footnote regarding term proportional to mS in spin self-force energy added in v3
MOESM3 of Real-world clinical course of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in Japan
Creators: name: Shuntaro Tsutsumi
name: Sato, Tomoo
name: Yagishita, Naoko
name: Yamauchi, Junji
name: Araya, Natsumi
name: Hasegawa, Daisuke
name: Nagasaka, Misako
name: Ariella Coler-Reilly
name: Inoue, Eisuke
name: Takata, Ayako
name: Yamano, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S2. Chronological change in OMDS in the four-year observation group (nâ =â 148). Each bar in this bar chart represents 148 patients (four-year observation group, Fig.Â 2e) as 100% and indicates the percentage of patients belonging to each OMDS at each survey time.
Domecia glabra Alcock 1899
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Domeciidae
Domecia
Domecia glabra

description: Domecia glabra Alcock, 1899
 Domecia glabra Alcock, 1899b: 117 [type locality: Andaman Is.; type material: IM?].
 Johnston Atoll record:
 Domecia glabra Alcock, 1899 — Coles et al. 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll].
 Remarks. Known, although rarely, on Kaua'i (G. Paulay, personal communication) and on Johnston Atoll.
 Taxonomy. Guinot (1976), Castro et al. (2004)
 Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions.
 Habitat. Facultative symbiont of reef corals (mostly Acropora). Shallow subtidal to 75 m.
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044
Formation and Interaction of Membrane Tubes
Creators: name: Derenyi, Imre
name: Julicher, Frank
name: Prost, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the formation of membrane tubes (or membrane tethers), which is a crucial step in many biological processes, is highly non-trivial and involves first order shape transitions. The force exerted by an emerging tube is a non-monotonic function of its length. We point out that tubes attract each other, which eventually leads to their coalescence. We also show that detached tubes behave like semiflexible filaments with a rather short persistence length. We suggest that these properties play an important role in the formation and structure of tubular organelles.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Tetralia ocucaerulea Trautwein 2007
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Tetraliidae
Tetralia
Tetralia ocucaerulea

description: Tetralia ocucaerulea Trautwein, 2007
 Tetralia ocucaerulea Trautwein, 2007: 12, pl. 1, figs. A, D, pl. 5, figs. A–H, pl. 6, fig. D, pl. 7, fig. D, pl. 8, fig. D [type locality: Guam, also from French Frigate Shoals; holotype: LACM CR 2002 - 041.7; allotype: LACM CR 2002 - 041.7; paratypes: LACM CR 2002 - 040.13 – 15].
 Hawaiian Is. records:
 Tetraloides vanninii (Galil & Clark, 1988) — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll]. (not Tetralia vanninii Galil & Clark, 1988)
 Tetralia muta (Linnaeus, 1758) — Castro & Godwin 2006: 54 [French Frigate Shoals]. (not Cancer mutus Linnaeus, 1758)
 Taxonomy. Trautwein (2007)
 Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean, including the Northwest Hawaiian Is. and Johnston Atoll, but absent in the main Hawaiian Is.
 Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (species of Acropora); shallow subtidal.
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044
On the B -> X_s l^+ l^- decays in general supersymmetric models
Creators: name: Gabrielli, E.
name: Khalil, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the inclusive semileptonic decays B -> X_s l^+ l^- in the framework of the supersymmetric standard model with non-universal soft-breaking terms at GUT scale. We show that the general trend of universal and non-universal models is a decreasing of branching ratio (BR) and increasing of energy asymmetry (AS). However, only non--universal models can have chances to get very large enhancements in BR and AS, corresponding to large (negative) SUSY contributions to the b -> s γamplitude.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. References added. To appear in Phys. Lett. B
Trapeziidae Miers 1886
Creators: name: Castro, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Trapeziidae

description: Family Trapeziidae Miers, 1886   Subfamily Trapeziinae Miers, 1886
  Genus Trapezia Latreille, 1828
 Trapezia cymodoce (Herbst, 1801), listed from the Hawaiian Is. by some (e.g. Rathbun 1906; Edmondson 1962b; Sakai 1976; Serène 1984; Dai & Yang 1991) has never been collected from the archipelago (see Galil & Clark 1990; Castro 1997a). The presence of Trapezia guttata Rüppell, 1830, from Johnston Atoll, mentioned by Castro (2000a), has not been confirmed.
description: Published as part of Castro, Peter, 2011, Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands 2947, pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 2947 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5283044