cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermal desorption of interstellar ices. A review on the controlling parameters and their implications fromsnowlines to chemical complexity
Creators: name: Minissale, Marco
name: Aikawa, Yuri
name: Bergin, Edwin
name: Bertin, M.
name: Brown, Wendy A.
name: Cazaux, Stephanie
name: Charnley, Steven B.
name: Coutens, Audrey
name: Cuppen, Herma M.
name: Guzman, Victoria
name: Linnartz, Harold
name: McCoustra, Martin R. S.
name: Rimola, Albert
name: Schrauwen, Johanna G. M.
name: Toubin, Celine
name: Ugliengo, Piero
name: Watanabe, Naoki
name: Wakelam, Valentine
name: Dulieu, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of star-forming regions and their thermal balance are strongly influenced by their chemical composition, that, in turn, is determined by the physico-chemical processes that govern the transition between the gas phase and the solid state, specifically icy dust grains (e.g., particles adsorption and desorption). Gas-grain and grain-gas transitions as well as formation and sublimation of interstellar ices are thus essential elements of understanding astrophysical observations of cold environments (e.g., pre-stellar cores) where unexpected amounts of a large variety of chemical species have been observed in the gas phase. Adsorbed atoms and molecules also undergo chemical reactions which are not efficient in the gas phase. Therefore, the parameterization of the physical properties of atoms and molecules interacting with dust grain particles is clearly a key aspect to interpret astronomical observations and to build realistic and predictive astrochemical models. In this consensus evaluation, we focus on parameters controlling the thermal desorption of ices and how these determine pathways towards molecular complexity and define the location of snowlines, which ultimately influence the planet formation process. We review different crucial aspects of desorption parameters both from a theoretical and experimental point of view. We critically assess the desorption parameters commonly used in the astrochemical community for astrophysical relevant species and provide tables with recommended values. In addition, we show that a non-trivial determination of the pre-exponential factor nu using the Transition State Theory can affect the binding energy value. Finally, we conclude this work by discussing the limitations of theoretical and experimental approaches currently used to determine the desorption properties with suggestions for future improvements.
description: 115 pages, 17 figures
Imbalance-XGBoost: Leveraging Weighted and Focal Losses for Binary Label-Imbalanced Classification with XGBoost
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Deng, Chengyuan
name: Wang, Suzhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper presents Imbalance-XGBoost, a Python package that combines the powerful XGBoost software with weighted and focal losses to tackle binary label-imbalanced classification tasks. Though a small-scale program in terms of size, the package is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first of its kind which provides an integrated implementation for the two losses on XGBoost and brings a general-purpose extension on XGBoost for label-imbalanced scenarios. In this paper, the design and usage of the package are described with exemplar code listings, and its convenience to be integrated into Python-driven Machine Learning projects is illustrated. Furthermore, as the first- and second-order derivatives of the loss functions are essential for the implementations, the algebraic derivation is discussed and it can be deemed as a separate algorithmic contribution. The performances of the algorithms implemented in the package are empirically evaluated on Parkinson's disease classification data set, and multiple state-of-the-art performances have been observed. Given the scalable nature of XGBoost, the package has great potentials to be applied to real-life binary classification tasks, which are usually of large-scale and label-imbalanced.
description: Updated version, published in Pattern Recognition Letters 136(2020):190-197
The 2001 Superoutburst of WZ Sagittae: A Clue to the Dynamics of Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Cannizzo, John K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the light curve of the July-August 2001 superoutburst of WZ Sagittae. During the decline from maximum light the locally defined decay time increases from ~4 d/mag to ~12 d/mag over the first ~15 d of the ~25 d superoutburst, as the system faded from m_V~8.5 to m_V~10. The superoutburst is caused by the sudden accretion of ~10^{24} g of gas onto the white dwarf, and the deviation from exponentiality in the decay light curve is expected qualitatively during a ``viscous decay'' in which the dominant mode of depletion of the gas stored in the accretion disk is accretion onto the central object. In other words, as the mass of the accretion disk decreases, the viscous time scale increases. We show that the data are also quantitatively consistent with the theoretical viscous decay time, both calculated via a simple scaling and also from time dependent calculations, when one adopts standard model parameters for WZ Sge.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Ommatius neotenellus Bromley 1936
Creators: name: Scarbrough, A. G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Ommatius
Ommatius neotenellus

description: Neotenellus species group
 Diagnosis. Small group of closely related species, largely distinguished by genital characters. Distinguished by the following combination of characters: Small blondish species with thin legs and weak bristles, wing venation, and unique terminalia. Wings hyaline, cell r 4 slightly sigmoid with R 4 at wing apex; coxae yellow or brownish-yellow; M 1 strongly arched basally; anepimeral bristle often long, thin, seta-like, sometimes lost. Male. Cercus with abundant, stout setae dorsally; epandrium apically curved or angled medially. Gonostylus rectangular, wide basally, 2/3–3/4 as wide as long in lateral view, narrow apically and hooked. Aedeagal sheath membranous, moderately inflated dorsally (epiphallus); distiphallus tubular, horizontal, slightly sigmoid. Gonocoxite admedial process long and narrow with 1 or 2 seta-like bristles apically. Female. Genital fork goblet-shaped with narrow sclerotized arms and membranous base, base usually folded posteriorly. Spermatheca reflected, base large, narrowed apically; ducts join common bursa separately.
 Distribution. East Africa.
 Remarks. Differs from congeners in the wing venation (Figs. 58, 67, 73, 79, 83, 89) and the combined characters of the terminalia (Figs. 59–63, 67–72, 74–78, 84–88, 90–94).
description: Published as part of Scarbrough, A. G., 2010, An overview of the Afrotropical Ommatiinae (Diptera: Asilidae) with a key to genera, pp. 1-47 in Zootaxa 2540 on pages 24-25
Additional file 11 of Prunus persica plant endogenous peptides PpPep1 and PpPep2 cause PTI-like transcriptome reprogramming in peach and enhance resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni
Creators: name: Foix, Laura
name: Nadal, Anna
name: Zagorščak, Maja
name: Živa Ramšak
name: Esteve-Codina, Anna
name: Gruden, Kristina
name: Pla, Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 11. Dynamic visualization of Prunus persica response to PpPep2 from RNA-Seq experimental data on DiNAR application, P. persica Pep network (PEPN). Only differentially expressed genes are visualized (adj. p < 0.01, |log2FC| >1.0). Dynamic changes in gene expression after 1, 24 and 48 hours vs. non-treated samples are shown. Node colors correspond to gene regulation (red, upregulated and blue downregulated). Node sizes correspond to absolute log2FC values and are related to the maximum value in each time condition. Time points scale is at the bottom.
Electromagnetic response of superconductors in the presence of multiple collective modes
Creators: name: Boyack, Rufus
name: Lopes, Pedro L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the importance of collective-mode fluctuations and gauge invariance in the electromagnetic response of superconducting systems. In particular, we show that order-parameter fluctuations, gapless or not, have no contribution to the Meissner effect in both $s$- and $p$-wave superconductors. More generally, we extend this result to uniform and nonuniform superfluids with no external wavevector scale. To facilitate this analysis, we formulate a path-integral-based matrix methodology for computing the electromagnetic response of fermionic fluids in the presence of concomitantly fluctuating collective modes. Closed-form expressions for the electromagnetic response in different scenarios are provided, including the case of fluctuations of electronic density and the phase and amplitude of the order parameter. All microscopic symmetries and invariances are manifestly satisfied in our formalism, and it can be straightforwardly extended to other scenarios.
Deep neural network models for computational histopathology: A survey
Creators: name: Srinidhi, Chetan L.
name: Ciga, Ozan
name: Martel, Anne L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Histopathological images contain rich phenotypic information that can be used to monitor underlying mechanisms contributing to diseases progression and patient survival outcomes. Recently, deep learning has become the mainstream methodological choice for analyzing and interpreting cancer histology images. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art deep learning approaches that have been used in the context of histopathological image analysis. From the survey of over 130 papers, we review the fields progress based on the methodological aspect of different machine learning strategies such as supervised, weakly supervised, unsupervised, transfer learning and various other sub-variants of these methods. We also provide an overview of deep learning based survival models that are applicable for disease-specific prognosis tasks. Finally, we summarize several existing open datasets and highlight critical challenges and limitations with current deep learning approaches, along with possible avenues for future research.
description: Published in Medical Image Analysis, Vol. 67, Jan 2021. (10.1016/j.media.2020.101813)
Paralastor carinatus
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Paralastor
Paralastor carinatus

description: carinatus (Smith)
Alastor carinatus Smith 1857: 90, female—“Adelaide” (London).— Froggatt 1892: 229 (cat.).— Dalla Torre 1894: 111 (cat.); 1904: 60 (cat.).
Paralastor carinatus; Perkins 1914a: 576 (key), 609 (type is in London, also male in Oxford); 1914b: 239 (P. aequifasciatus n. sp. to be placed with P. carinatus Smith and its allies).—von Schulthess 1925: 260 (compared to P. tricarinulatus Perkins and P. lateritius (de Saussure)).— Cardale 1985: 184 (cat.).
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
The role of Si vacancies in the segregation of O, C, and N at silicon grain boundaries: An ab initio study
Creators: name: Maji, Rita
name: Contreras-García, Julia
name: Capron, Nathalie
name: Degoli, Elena
name: Luppi, Eleonora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grain boundaries (GBs) are defects originating in multi-crystalline silicon during crystal growth for device Si solar cell fabrication. The presence of GBs changes the coordination of Si, making it advantageous for charge carriers to recombine, which brings a significant reduction of carrier lifetimes. Therefore, GBs can be highly detrimental for device performances. Furthermore, GBs easily form vacancies with deep defect electronic states and are also preferential segregation sites for various impurity species, such as C, N, and O. We studied from first principles the correlation between structural, energetics, and electronic properties of the $Σ$3{111} Si GB with and without vacancies, and the segregation of C, N, and O atoms. C and O atoms strongly increase their ability to segregate when vacancies are present. However, the electronic properties of the $Σ$3{111} Si GB are not affected by the presence of O, while they can strongly change in the case of C. For N atoms, it is not possible to find a clear trend in the energetics and electronic properties both with and without vacancies in the GB. In fact, as N is not isovalent with Si, as C and O, it is more flexible in finding new chemical arrangements in the GB structure. This implies a stronger difficulty in controlling the properties of the material in the presence of N impurity atoms compared to C and O impurities.
Quantum many-body scars from virtual entangled pairs
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Sambuddha
name: Pichler, Hannes
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
name: Ho, Wen Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study weak ergodicity breaking in a one-dimensional, nonintegrable spin-1 XY model. We construct for it an exact, highly excited eigenstate, which despite its large energy density, can be represented analytically by a finite bond-dimension matrix product state (MPS) with area-law entanglement. Upon a quench to a finite Zeeman field, the state undergoes periodic dynamics with perfect many-body revivals, in stark contrast to other generic initial states which instead rapidly thermalize. This dynamics can be completely understood in terms of the evolution of entangled virtual spin-1/2 degrees of freedom, which in turn underpin the presence of an extensive tower of strong-eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH)-violating many-body eigenstates. The resulting quantum many-body scars are therefore of novel origin. Our results provide important analytical insights into the nature and entanglement structure of quantum many-body scars.
description: 7 + 9 pages
Integrating transcriptome-wide association study and mRNA expression profiling identified candidate genes and pathways associated with osteomyelitis
Creators: name: L Zhang
name: Y Du
name: Y Wen
name: M Ma
name: S Cheng
name: B Cheng
name: P Li
name: X Qi
name: C Liang
name: L Liu
name: X Liang
name: X Guo
name: F Zhang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Osteomyelitis (OM) is an acute or chronic inflammatory process, characterized by severe inflammation and progressive bone destruction. Limited efforts have been made to explore the genetic basis of OM. Method: The genome-wide association study data set of OM was obtained from the UK Biobank. A transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of OM was conducted by the FUSION tool using the gene expression reference weights of lymphocytes and blood. The OM-associated genes identified by TWAS were subjected to gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to explore OM-related gene sets. The TWAS results of OM were finally compared with a genome-wide mRNA expression profiling of OM to detect common genes and gene sets. Results: TWAS of OM detected 86 genes for lymphocytes and 387 genes for blood. Comparing the genes identified by TWAS and mRNA expression profiling detected eight common genes for OM, including VWF (pTWAS = 0.0030, pmRNA = 3.44 × 10−9), CCDC50 (pTWAS = 0.0130, pmRNA = 0.0003), and TPD52 (pTWAS = 0.0180, pmRNA = 1 × 10−6). GO analysis of the genes identified by TWAS detected multiple OM-associated GO terms, e.g. peroxisomal matrix (pTWAS = 0.0082), extracellular exosome (pTWAS = 0.0248), and monooxygenase activity (pTWAS = 0.0040). Further comparing the GO results of TWAS and mRNA expression profiling detected one common GO term, named extracellular exosome (pTWAS = 0.0248, pmRNA = 0.0027). Conclusion: This integrative study of TWAS and mRNA expression profiling detected multiple candidate genes and GO terms for OM. Our results provide novel clues for understanding the pathogenesis of OM.
Additional file 12 of Prunus persica plant endogenous peptides PpPep1 and PpPep2 cause PTI-like transcriptome reprogramming in peach and enhance resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni
Creators: name: Foix, Laura
name: Nadal, Anna
name: Zagorščak, Maja
name: Živa Ramšak
name: Esteve-Codina, Anna
name: Gruden, Kristina
name: Pla, Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 12. Dynamic visualization of A. thaliana response to AtPep2 from microarray experimental data [22] on DiNAR application, P. persica Pep network (PEPN). Only differentially expressed genes are visualized (adj. p < 0.05, |log2FC| >1.0). Dynamic changes in gene expression after 2 and 10 hours vs. on-treated samples are shown. Node colors correspond to gene regulation (red, upregulated and blue downregulated). Node sizes correspond to absolute log2FC values and are related to the maximum value in each time condition. Time points scale is at the bottom.
Towards High-Precision Predictions for the MSSM Higgs Sector
Creators: name: Degrassi, G.
name: Heinemeyer, S.
name: Hollik, W.
name: Slavich, P.
name: Weiglein, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The status of the evaluation of the MSSM Higgs sector is reviewed. The phenomenological impact of recently obtained corrections is discussed. In particular it is shown that the upper bound on m_h within the MSSM is shifted upwards. Consequently, lower limits on tan beta obtained by confronting the upper bound as function of tan beta with the lower bound on m_h from Higgs searches are significantly weakened. Furthermore, the region in the M_A-tan beta-plane where the coupling of the lightest Higgs boson to down-type fermions is suppressed is modified. The presently not calculated higher-order corrections to the Higgs-boson mass matrix are estimated to shift the mass of the lightest Higgs boson by up to 3 GeV.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, reference added. Version to appear in Eur. Phys. Jour. C
Conformality Loss, Walking, and 4D Complex Conformal Field Theories at Weak Coupling
Creators: name: Benini, Francesco
name: Iossa, Cristoforo
name: Serone, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four-dimensional gauge theories with matter can have regions in parameter space, often dubbed conformal windows, where they flow in the infrared to non-trivial conformal field theories. It has been conjectured that conformality can be lost because of merging of two nearby fixed points that move into the complex plane, and that a walking dynamics governed by scaling dimensions of operators defined at such complex fixed points can occur. We find controlled, parametrically weakly coupled, and ultraviolet-complete 4D gauge theories that explicitly realize this scenario. We show how the walking dynamics is controlled by the coupling of a double-trace operator that crosses marginality. The walking regime ends when the renormalization group flow of this coupling leads to a (weak) first-order phase transition with Coleman-Weinberg symmetry breaking. A light dilaton-like scalar particle appears in the spectrum, but it is not parametrically lighter than the other excitations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; v2: typos fixed, minor improvements, references added; v3: published version; v4: minor improvements and typos fixed, supersedes published version
Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept Shale Drilling: A Survey of Ohio Residents
Creators: name: Livy, Mitchell R.
name: Gopalakrishnan, Sathya
name: Klaiber, H. Allen
name: Roe, Brian
name: Livy, Mitchell R.
name: Gopalakrishnan, Sathya
name: Klaiber, H. Allen
name: Roe, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Survey
subject: Shale Drilling
subject: Willingness to Pay
subject: Willingness to Accept
subject: Conjoint Analysis

description: We utilize a newly developed stated preference survey to determine preferences for shale drilling and its associated externalities. Examining both willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA) measures, this research presents evidence of the implications of recent shale gas drilling expansion in northeastern Ohio, and provides guidance for future work on the impacts of shale gas drilling activities on nearby residents.
Additional file 13 of Prunus persica plant endogenous peptides PpPep1 and PpPep2 cause PTI-like transcriptome reprogramming in peach and enhance resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni
Creators: name: Foix, Laura
name: Nadal, Anna
name: Zagorščak, Maja
name: Živa Ramšak
name: Esteve-Codina, Anna
name: Gruden, Kristina
name: Pla, Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 13. Dynamic visualization of A. thaliana response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 RNA-Seq experimental data [66, 74] on DiNAR application, P. persica Pep network (PEPN). Only differentially expressed genes are visualized (adj. p < 0.05, |log2FC| >1.0). Dynamic changes in gene expression following 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16 and 17.5 hours vs. mock samples are shown. Node colors correspond to gene regulation (red, upregulated and blue downregulated). Node sizes correspond to absolute log2FC values and are related to the maximum value in each time condition. Time points scale is at the bottom.
Ommatius Wiedemann 1821
Creators: name: Scarbrough, A. G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Ommatius

description: Ommatius Wiedemann
Figs. 5, 11, 58–98, 109
 Ommatius Wiedemann, 1821: 213. Type species: Asilus marginellus Fabricius, 1781, by designation of Coquillett (1910: 579); Bromley 1942: 16; Kertész 1909: 312; Martin 1964: 309; Oldroyd 1960: 299, 1980: 347.
 Ommatinus Becker, 1925: 78, 80. Type species: Ommatius pinguis Wulp, 1872, by designation of Engel (1926: 37).
 Diagnosis. Ommatius is distinguished by a short flagellum, as long as or slightly longer than either of the basal two antennal segments, and the style has two rows of long ventral setae. The genus is essentially unchanged since it was originally description.
 Distribution. Subsaharan Africa and Madagascar. The species reported thus far are associated with woodlands adjacent to savannas up to 5000 meters in elevation.
 Remarks. The Afrotropical fauna is rich, diverse, and widely distributed (Fig. 109). Presently 70 species (Londt, per. com.) are reported with 37 subsaharan and 33 Madagascar and neighboring islands species. To date studies of the subsahran fauna have reported four species groups: flavipennis, longipennis, sinuatus, and neotenellus, and four new genera: Afroestricus, Longibeccus, Metommatius, Pygommatius, collectively include 69 species, all originally Ommatius. Also 47 of the latter were described new to science. The 32 subsaharan species listed by Oldroyd in his catalogue minus 8 synonymies now established reduces the number to 24. However many new and interesting species found recently will add another 40–50 subsaharan species. Comprehensive keys to the latter do not exist as yet. Further revision is necessary and is in process. Martin (1964) produced the most comprehensive review of the Madagascar fauna with a key to the species.
description: Published as part of Scarbrough, A. G., 2010, An overview of the Afrotropical Ommatiinae (Diptera: Asilidae) with a key to genera, pp. 1-47 in Zootaxa 2540 on page 24
Estimating the Trade Duration of Kazakhstan’s Wheat Exports
Creators: name: Imamverdiyev, Nizami
name: Anders, Sven
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr
name: Prehn, Sören
name: Imamverdiyev, Nizami
name: Anders, Sven
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr
name: Prehn, Sören
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Wheat exports
subject: trade duration analysis
subject: probit
subject: Kazakhstan

description: The objective of this study is to analyze the trade duration patterns of Kazakhstan’s wheat exports between 1995 and 2012. Using 4-digit HS code trade flow data we employ a discrete-time duration framework and probit models explicitly testing for unobserved heterogeneity across bilateral trade relationships. The empirical results indicate that trade cost, local production factors, price competitiveness and experience significantly explain the short duration of Kazakhstan’s wheat exports. The results imply that the stability and thus sustainability of Kazakhstan’s wheat exports critically depend on the market share of Russian wheat exports, abolishing restrictive export policies, and maintaining good trade relationships with traditional trading partners, especially post-Soviet Union economies.
The rise and fall of the high-energy afterglow emission of GRB 180720B
Creators: name: Ronchi, M.
name: Fumagalli, F.
name: Ravasio, M. E.
name: Oganesyan, G.
name: Toffano, M.
name: Salafia, O. S.
name: Nava, L.
name: Ascenzi, S.
name: Ghirlanda, G.
name: Ghisellini, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) 180720B is one of the brightest events detected by the Fermi satellite and the first GRB detected by the H.E.S.S. telescope above 100 GeV. We analyse the Fermi (GBM and LAT) and Swift (XRT and BAT) data and describe the evolution of the burst spectral energy distribution in the 0.5 keV - 10 GeV energy range over the first 500 seconds of emission. We reveal a smooth transition from the prompt phase, dominated by synchrotron emission in a moderately fast cooling regime, to the afterglow phase whose emission has been observed from the radio to the GeV energy range. The LAT (0.1 - 100 GeV) light curve initially rises ($F_{\rm LAT}\propto t^{2.4}$), peaks at $\sim$78 s, and falls steeply ($F_{\rm LAT}\propto t^{-2.2}$) afterwards. The peak, which we interpret as the onset of the fireball deceleration, allows us to estimate the bulk Lorentz factor $Γ_{0}\sim 150 \ (300)$ under the assumption of a wind-like (homogeneous) circum-burst medium density. We derive a flux upper limit in the LAT energy range at the time of H.E.S.S. detection, but this does not allow us to unveil the nature of the high energy component observed by H.E.S.S. We fit the prompt spectrum with a physical model of synchrotron emission from a non-thermal population of electrons. The 0 - 35 s spectrum after its $E F(E)$ peak (at 1 - 2 MeV) is a steep power law extending to hundreds of MeV. We derive a steep slope of the injected electron energy distribution $N(γ)\propto γ^{-5}$. Our fit parameters point towards a very low magnetic field ($B'\sim 1 $ G) in the emission region.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, submitted to A&A
Effect of Strain on Interactions of Σ3{111} Silicon Grain Boundary with Oxygen Impurities from First Principles
Creators: name: Maji, Rita
name: Contreras-García, Julia
name: Luppi, Eleonora
name: Degoli, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of grain boundaries (GBs) with inherent defects and/or impurity elements in multi-crystalline silicon play a decisive role in their electrical behavior. Strain, depending on the types of GBs and defects, plays an important role in these systems. Herein, the correlation between the structural and electronic properties of Σ 3{111} Si-GB in the presence of interstitial oxygen impurities is studied from the first-principles framework, considering the global and local model of strain. It is observed that the distribution of strain along with the number of impurity atoms modifies the energetics of the material. However, the electronic properties of the considered Si-GBs are not particularly affected by the strain and by the oxygen impurities, unless a very high local distortion induces additional structural defects.
description: EMRS-spring meeting 2021: Defect-induced effects in nanomaterials
Pine invasion decreases density and changes native tree communities in woodland Cerrado
Creators: name: Cazetta, Ana Luísa
name: Zenni, Rafael Dudeque
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Background: Invasive plants can negatively impact native communities, but the majority of the effects of these invasions have been demonstrated only for temperate ecosystems. Tropical ecosystems, including the Cerrado, a biodiversity hotspot, are known to be invaded by numerous non-native species, but studies of their impacts are largely lacking. Aims: Our research aimed at quantifying how Pinus spp. presence and density affected Cerrado plant communities. Methods: We sampled areas invaded and non-invaded by Pinus spp. to determine if pine invasion affected native tree richness, diversity, evenness, and density. We also evaluated if community composition differed between invaded and non-invaded sites. Results: We found invaded plots had lower native tree densities than non-invaded plots and that Pinus spp. invasions changed native tree communities by reducing native species abundances. Conclusion: Invasive pines had negative impacts on the native Cerrado tree community by reducing native plant density and changing species abundances. Reduced density and abundance at early invasion stages can result in reduction in biodiversity in the long term.
Paralastor clotho
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Paralastor
Paralastor clotho

description: clotho (Lepeletier)
Alastor clotho Lepeletier 1841, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 2: 668, female—“Nouvelle Hollande ” (Paris).—de Saussure 1853: 250; 1856: 328 (in subgenus Paralastoroides).— Smith 1857: 89 (cat.).— Froggatt 1892: 229 (cat.).— Dalla Torre 1894: 111 (cat.); 1904: 60 (cat.).—van der Vecht 1967: 31, 32 (in subgenus Alastoroides; proposal to place on Official List).
Paralastor clotho; Perkins 1914a: 566, 579 (in subgenus Paralastoroides).
Alastoroides clotho; ICZN 1970, Opinion 893: 189 (placed on Official List).— Cardale 1985: 164 (cat.).
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
The Operator Algebra and Twisted KZ Equations of WZW Orbifolds
Creators: name: de Boer, J.
name: Halpern, M. B.
name: Obers, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We obtain the operator algebra of each twisted sector of all WZW orbifolds, including the general twisted current algebra and the algebra of the twisted currents with the twisted affine primary fields. Surprisingly, the twisted right and left mover current algebras are not a priori copies of each other. Using the operator algebra we also derive world-sheet differential equations for the twisted affine primary fields of all WZW orbifolds. Finally we include ground state properties to obtain the twisted Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations of the WZW permutation orbifolds and the inner-automorphic WZW orbifolds.
description: Latex, 88 pages. added a comment on outer automorphic orbifolds and one reference; v3: minor typos corrected
The Stereocontrolled Synthesis and NMR Analysis of PB/PO-Chimeric Oligonucleotides
Creators: name: Kakuta, Kiyoshi
name: Sakamoto, Taiichi
name: Sato, Hajime
name: Sato, Kazuki
name: Wada, Takeshi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 340599
subject: Organic chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: The experimental procedures and supporting information (HPLC and UPLC profiles, copies of 1H, 13C, 31P, 11B NMR, COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC spectra).
A novel approach for identifying and addressing case-mix heterogeneity in individual participant data meta-analysis
Creators: name: Vo, Tat-Thang
name: Porcher, Raphael
name: Chaimani, Anna
name: Vansteelandt, Stijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Case-mix heterogeneity across studies complicates meta-analyses. As a result of this, treatments that are equally effective on patient subgroups may appear to have different effectiveness on patient populations with different case mix. It is therefore important that meta-analyses be explicit for what patient population they describe the treatment effect. To achieve this, we develop a new approach for meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, which use individual patient data (IPD) from all trials to infer the treatment effect for the patient population in a given trial, based on direct standardization using either outcome regression (OCR) or inverse probability weighting (IPW). Accompanying random-effect meta-analysis models are developed. The new approach enables disentangling heterogeneity due to case mix from that due to beyond case-mix reasons.
description: Published on Research Synthesis Methods
ProbMinHash -- A Class of Locality-Sensitive Hash Algorithms for the (Probability) Jaccard Similarity
Creators: name: Ertl, Otmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The probability Jaccard similarity was recently proposed as a natural generalization of the Jaccard similarity to measure the proximity of sets whose elements are associated with relative frequencies or probabilities. In combination with a hash algorithm that maps those weighted sets to compact signatures which allow fast estimation of pairwise similarities, it constitutes a valuable method for big data applications such as near-duplicate detection, nearest neighbor search, or clustering. This paper introduces a class of one-pass locality-sensitive hash algorithms that are orders of magnitude faster than the original approach. The performance gain is achieved by calculating signature components not independently, but collectively. Four different algorithms are proposed based on this idea. Two of them are statistically equivalent to the original approach and can be used as drop-in replacements. The other two may even improve the estimation error by introducing statistical dependence between signature components. Moreover, the presented techniques can be specialized for the conventional Jaccard similarity, resulting in highly efficient algorithms that outperform traditional minwise hashing and that are able to compete with the state of the art.
description: to be published in TKDE, source code available at https://github.com/oertl/probminhash
Alternative Control Strategies with Uncertain Trade Barriers for Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Feedlot Operations
Creators: name: Hagerman, Amy D.
name: Delgado, Amy H.
name: Schoenbaum, Melissa
name: Hagerman, Amy D.
name: Delgado, Amy H.
name: Schoenbaum, Melissa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Animal Health Economics
subject: Livestock Production
subject: Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD)
subject: Trade
subject: Uncertainty

description: Emergency response exercises have recognized issues associated with traditional control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in large feedlots. The depopulation and disposal of large numbers of animals poses difficult challenges for environmental management and resource requirements. The study has focused on the epidemiological and economic consequences of allowing infected cattle to recover at the feedlot, as well as the economic consequences including uncertainty in trade sanctions.
FootAndBall: Integrated player and ball detector
Creators: name: Komorowski, Jacek
name: Kurzejamski, Grzegorz
name: Sarwas, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper describes a deep neural network-based detector dedicated for ball and players detection in high resolution, long shot, video recordings of soccer matches. The detector, dubbed FootAndBall, has an efficient fully convolutional architecture and can operate on input video stream with an arbitrary resolution. It produces ball confidence map encoding the position of the detected ball, player confidence map and player bounding boxes tensor encoding players' positions and bounding boxes. The network uses Feature Pyramid Network desing pattern, where lower level features with higher spatial resolution are combined with higher level features with bigger receptive field. This improves discriminability of small objects (the ball) as larger visual context around the object of interest is taken into account for the classification. Due to its specialized design, the network has two orders of magnitude less parameters than a generic deep neural network-based object detector, such as SSD or YOLO. This allows real-time processing of high resolution input video stream. Our code and pre-trained model can be found on the project website: https://github.com/jac99/FootAndBall .
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1902.07304
Joint Evaluation of Cash and In-kind Transfer programs in Indonesia: What are the roles in Food and Nutrition Security?
Creators: name: Afkar, Rythia
name: Afkar, Rythia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food and nutrition security
subject: impact evaluation
subject: social protection
subject: multiple treatment

description: Social protection plays crucial roles in the response of rising food prices. It helps households to maintain access to food and other basic needs, leading to an increase in food and nutrition security, and ultimately prevent an increase in poverty. In this paper, we evaluate the relative and multiple overlapping effects of two main social protection programs in Indonesia, namely Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) and in-kind transfer/Subsidized Rice Program (Raskin), on food and nutrition security indicators. Using panel data from household surveys which recorded both CCT and Raskin recipient status, we estimate the impact of CCT and Raskin on food and nutrition security using both Inverse Probability Weighting models and conventional regression method. We find that CCT had a much greater impact on food and nutrition security. However, the multipletreatment effect between CCT and Raskin is not significantly different from zero. Thus, it is important to re-formulate these two overlapping policies.
Calibration of the mixing length theory for structures of helium-dominated atmosphere white dwarfs
Creators: name: E., Cukanovaite
name: Tremblay, P. -E.
name: Freytag, B.
name: Ludwig, H. -G.
name: Fontaine, G.
name: Brassard, P.
name: Toloza, O.
name: Koester, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a calibration of the mixing length parameter at the bottom boundary of the convection zone for helium-dominated atmospheres of white dwarfs. This calibration is based on a grid of 3D DB (pure-helium) and DBA (helium-dominated with traces of hydrogen) model atmospheres computed with the CO5BOLD code, and a grid of 1D DB and DBA envelope structures. The 3D models span a parameter space of hydrogen-to-helium abundances between -10.0 and -2.0, surface gravities between 7.5 and 9.0 and effective temperatures between 12000 K and 34000 K. The 1D envelopes cover a similar atmospheric parameter range, but are also calculated with different values of the mixing length parameter, namely ML2/alpha between 0.4 and 1.4. The calibration is performed based on two definitions of the bottom boundary of the convection zone, the Schwarzschild and the zero convective flux boundaries. Thus, our calibration is relevant for applications involving the bulk properties of the convection zone including its total mass, which excludes the spectroscopic technique. Overall, the calibrated ML2/alpha is smaller than what is commonly used in evolutionary models and theoretical determinations of the blue edge of the instability strip for pulsating DB and DBA stars. With calibrated ML2/alpha we are able to deduce more accurate convection zone sizes needed for studies of planetary debris mixing and dredge-up of carbon from the core. We highlight this by calculating examples of metal-rich 3D DBAZ models and finding their convection zone masses. Mixing length calibration represents the first step of in-depth investigations of convective overshoot in white dwarfs with helium-dominated atmospheres.
description: 17 pages (main text), 12 pages (appendix), 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Topological Charge Correlators, Spectral Bounds, and Contact Terms
Creators: name: Thacker, H.
name: Dong, S. J.
name: Draper, T.
name: Horvath, I.
name: Lee, F. X.
name: Liu, K. -F.
name: Zhang, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of topological charge fluctuations in the QCD vacuum is strongly restricted by the spectral negativity of the Euclidean 2-point correlator for $x\neq 0$ and the presence of a positive contact term. Some examples are considered which illustrate the physical origin of these properties.
description: Lattice 2002 Conference Proceedings
ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VII. A catalogue of SiO clumps from ACA observations
Creators: name: Liu, Rong
name: Liu, Tie
name: Chen, Gang
name: Liu, Hong-Li
name: Wang, Ke
name: Li, Jin-Zeng
name: Liu, Xun-Chuan
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Juvela, Mika
name: Garay, Guido
name: Bronfman, Leonardo
name: Baug, Tapas
name: He, Jinhua
name: Zhang, Si-Ju
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Xu, Feng-Wei
name: Soam, Archana
name: Shen, Zhi-Qiang
name: Li, Shanghuo
name: Dewangan, Lokesh
name: Eswaraiah, Chakali
name: Wu, Yue-Fang
name: Qin, Sheng-Li
name: Tóth, L. Viktor
name: Ren, Zhiyuan
name: Zhang, Guoyin
name: Tej, Anandmayee
name: Luo, Qiuyi
name: Zhou, Jianwen
name: Zhang, Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand the nature of SiO emission, we conducted ACA observations of the SiO (2-1) lines toward 146 massive star-forming regions, as part of the ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions (ATOMS) survey. We detected SiO emission in 128 (87.7$\%$) sources and identified 171 SiO clumps, 105 of which are spatially separated from 3 mm continuum emission. A large amount of the SiO line profiles (60$\%$) are non-Gaussian. The velocity dispersion of the SiO lines ranges from 0.3 to 5.43 km s$^{-1}$. In 63 sources the SiO clumps are associated with H$_\rm{II}$ regions characterized by H40$α$ emission. We find that 68$\%$ (116) of the SiO clumps are associated with strong outflows. The median velocity dispersion of the SiO line for outflow sources and non-outflow sources is 1.91 km s$^{-1}$ and 0.99 km s$^{-1}$, respectively. These results indicate that outflow activities could be connected to strongly shocked gas. The velocity dispersion and [SiO]/[H$^{13}$CO$^+$] intensity ratio do not show any correlation with the dust temperature and particle number density of clumps. We find a positive correlation between the SiO line luminosity and the bolometric luminosity, implying stronger shock activities are associated with more luminous proto-clusters. The SiO clumps in associations with H$_\rm{II}$ regions were found to show a steeper feature in $L_\rm{sio}$/$L_\rm{bol}$. The SiO line luminosity and the fraction of shocked gas have no apparent evidence of correlation with the evolutionary stages traced by luminosity to mass ratio ($L_\rm{bol}/M$).
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
High Resolution Simulations of the Plunging Region in a Pseudo-Newtonian Potential: Dependence on Numerical Resolution and Field Topology
Creators: name: Hawley, John F.
name: Krolik, Julian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accretion disk dynamics in a pseudo-Newtonian Paczynski-Wiita potential are presented. These have finer resolution in the inner disk than any previously reported. Finer resolution leads to increased magnetic field strength, greater accretion rate, and greater fluctuations in the accretion rate. One simulation begins with a purely poloidal magnetic field, the other with a purely toroidal field. Compared to the poloidal initial field simulation, a purely toroidal initial field takes longer to reach saturation of the magnetorotational instability and produces less turbulence and weaker magnetic field energies. For both initial field configurations, magnetic stresses continue across the marginally stable orbit; measured in units corresponding to the Shakura-Sunyaev alpha parameter, the stress grows from ~0.1 in the disk body to as much as ~10 deep in the plunging region. Matter passing the inner boundary of the simulation has ~10% greater binding energy and ~10% smaller angular momentum than it did at the marginally stable orbit. Both the mass accretion rate and the integrated stress fluctuate widely on a broad range of timescales.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. For Web version with mpeg animations see http://www.astro.virginia.edu/VITA/papers/plunge/