Phytobia munduruku Carvalho-Filho, Caba, Monteiro & De-Souza 2025, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Carvalho-Filho, Fernando S.
name: Cabá, Emiliano N.
name: Monteiro, Nilton J. S.
name: De-Souza, Caroline C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Agromyzidae
Phytobia
Phytobia munduruku

description: Phytobia munduruku Carvalho-Filho, Cabá, Monteiro & De-Souza, sp. nov.
(Figs 2, 3C–F, 7)
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (MPEG): Jacareacanga, PA [= state of Pará], Brasil [Brazil] / 7.xii.2021 / F. Carvalho-Filho [collector].
PARATYPES. 2 ♂♂ (MPEG): same data as holotype.
Description. Male. Body length 3.2–3.3 mm; wing length 2.9 mm.
Female. Unknown.
Colouration. Head (Fig. 2A): Frons matte black with grey microtomentum; fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle black with grey microtomentum; lunule with silvery microtomentum; face greyish-brown; clypeus shiny black; gena dark brown with grey microtomentum; antenna entirely dark brown; arista and palpus brown; proboscis brownish-yellow; labellum brownish-yellow, with light setae. Thorax (Fig. 2A–2B): scutum mostly black, with a complete thick yellow lateral stripe including all the postpronotal lobe and notopleuron, a small yellow stipe adjacent to postalar callus, and posterior margin fully yellow with a quadrate yellow spot between the posterior two pairs of dorsocentrals, black spot of scutum constricted at level of transverse suture; scutellum light yellow; anepimeron light yellow; anepisternum light yellow, brown in lower part; katepimeron light yellow; katepisternum brown with upper part light yellow; meron brown; halter entirely yellow; calypter light yellow with margin and fringe black. Wing (Fig. 2E): hyaline, brown infuscate along cells c and sc, r 1 (except lower 1/3 of distal portion), upper proximal portion of r 2+3, basal half of cell br, and along bm and cup; legs brown with apex of fore and mid femora brownish-yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 2C): mostly yellow, with brown median stripe on tergites 5 and 6; terminalia dark brown.
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate upper frontal setae and 2 inwardly inclinate lower frontal setae, similar in size; orbital setulae slightly reclinate, in one row; ocellar triangle short, extending to second upper frontal seta; lunule very high, about 41% of frons length; clypeus rounded; first flagellomere circular and densely covered with black hair; arista longer than vertical height of eye, short pubescent; vibrissa long and fine, about 1/3 length of arista.
Thorax (Fig. 2B). Acrostichal setulae arranged in eight irregular rows; prescutellar seta absent; 4+1 dorsocentral setae, increasing in size from presutural; 2 notopleural setae, similar in size. Wing (Fig. 2E). Wing tip nearer to R 4+5 than M 1; R 4+5 and M 1 slightly recurved; C sections 2–4: 0.43: 0.16: 0.14; ultimate section of CuA 1 0.78 length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia with 1 posterodorsal seta; mid tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae on middle third.
Terminalia (Figs 3C–F). Epandrium higher than long, with many thick and pointed setae on posterior half; cercus elongated, about two thirds height of epandrium and with small and thick setae; surstylus short, almost rounded, with posterior margin bearing small denticles and a row of thick, pointed setae that are concentrated and most heavily chitinized in posteroventral corner; hypandrium U-shaped; postgonite broad and flat apically, with a pointed hooked projection and with a fine tiny seta at apex; phallapodeme about three times length of hypandrium; basiphallus short (as long as distiphallus), elongate and tapering distally in lateral view; mesophallus shorter than distiphallus, rounded laterally and tear-shaped ventrally; distiphallus elongate, longer than high, slightly sinuous, medially divided with halves approximate; ejaculatory apodeme elongate and glossiform, at its broader part about 2.5 times wider than constricted area at base (Fig. 3F).
Distribution. Brazil (Pará) (Fig. 7).
Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition that honors the Munduruku Amerindians, who live in the southwestern portion of the state of Pará along the Tapajós River and its tributaries in the municipalities of Santarém, Itaituba, and Jacareacanga (type locality).
Natural history. All the specimens were collected in a village located at the border of a forest. They were found “licking” the sweat deposited on some objects during touch, such as cameras and bowls (Fig. 2D).
Tschirnhaus (1991) also recorded some species of Agromyzidae attracted to leaves and objects that have been in contact with human sweat. Some species of insects, mainly butterflies, have been reported feeding on human sweat, from which they obtain salts and amino acids that play various roles in their physiology (Collenette 1934; Boggs & Jackson 1991; Beck et al. 1999; Hamer et al. 2006; Liu et al. 2017).
Remarks. In the most recent key to the Neotropical species of Phytobia (Sousa & Couri 2017), Phytobia munduruku sp. nov. runs to P. rabelloi Spencer in couplet 20. Couplet 19 provides information on wing length and antenna color; however, we considered only the antenna color, as the wing length of P. munduruku sp. nov. does not match any of the lengths specified in this couplet. Phytobia munduruku sp. nov. differs from P. rabelloi in having the wing membrane around veins r-m and bm-cu clear and the distiphallus medially divided in ventral view. In P. rabelloi, the wing membrane around veins r-m and bm-cu is infuscate and the distiphallus is not divided.
description: Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando S., Cabá, Emiliano N., Monteiro, Nilton J. S. & De-Souza, Caroline C., 2025, Four new species of Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from the Brazilian Amazon, with an updated key to the Neotropical species, pp. 448-464 in Zootaxa 5604 (4) on pages 451-452, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/15213994