cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
International recommendation for organizing training courses for core facility staff
Creators: name: Global BioImaging
Publisher: name: Global BioImaging
Year: 2023
Subjects: professional development
career development
training
education
courses
core facility
imaging facility
imaging scientist

description: Global BioImaging (GBI) is an international, open network of imaging infrastructures and communities, which was initiated in 2015 by Euro-BioImaging and partners in India and Australia with the mission to cooperate internationally and propose solutions to the challenges faced by the imaging community globally. Furthermore, the partners support each other to build a strong case towards the funders that imaging technologies and research infrastructures are key in the advancement of life and health sciences. GBI activities aim to build capacity internationally, leveraging on each other's strengths and capabilities.
This international recommendation prepared under the umbrella of the Global BioImaging network focuses on organizing training courses for core facility staff and has been developed in collaboration with the Global BioImaging Working Group "Training Core Facility Imaging Scientists" taking into account community feedback and existing recommendations. This recommendation provides course organizers with useful information regarding course structure and examples of major topics within the two overarching topics: 1) Facility management and administration and 2) Data management and image analysis.
Fractional Almost Kahler - Lagrange Geometry
Creators: name: Baleanu, Dumitru
name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 32Q60, 53C60, 53C99, 70S05

description: The goal of this paper is to encode equivalently the fractional Lagrange dynamics as a nonholonomic almost Kahler geometry. We use the fractional Caputo derivative generalized for nontrivial nonlinear connections (N-connections) originally introduced in Finsler geometry, with further developments in Lagrange and Hamilton geometry and, in our approach, with fractional derivatives. For fundamental geometric objects induced canonically by regular Lagrange functions, we construct compatible almost symplectic forms and linear connections completely determined by a "prime" Lagrange (in particular, Finsler) generating function. We emphasize the importance of such constructions for deformation quantization of fractional Lagrange geometries and applications in modern physics.
description: latex2e, 17 pages, v3 performed following requests of referee with additional references and explanations; accepted to "Nonlinear Dynamics"
The Dimmest State of the Sun
Creators: name: Yeo, K. L.
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Krivova, N. A.
name: Rempel, M.
name: Anusha, L. S.
name: Shapiro, A. I.
name: Tagirov, R. V.
name: Witzke, V.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: How the solar electromagnetic energy entering the Earth's atmosphere varied since preindustrial times is an important consideration in the climate change debate. Detrimental to this debate, estimates of the change in total solar irradiance (TSI) since the Maunder minimum, an extended period of weak solar activity preceding the industrial revolution, differ markedly, ranging from a drop of 0.75 W m−2 to a rise of 6.3 W m−2. Consequently, the exact contribution by solar forcing to the rise in global temperatures over the past centuries remains inconclusive. Adopting a novel approach based on state-of-the-art solar imagery and numerical simulations, we establish the TSI level of the Sun when it is in its least-active state to be 2.0 ± 0.7 W m−2 below the 2019 level. This means TSI could not have risen since the Maunder minimum by more than this amount, thus restricting the possible role of solar forcing in global warming.
title: Αεροδυναμικά φορτία σε ανεμογεννήτρια κατακόρυφου άξονα περιστροφής με κάθετα ευθύγραμμα πτερύγια (VAWTs H-type).
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Stamos, Socrates
Publisher: name: National Technological University of Athens
Year: 2025
Subjects: Ανεμογεννήτρια κατακόρυφου άξονα περιστροφής
VAWTs H-type Darrieus

description: Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Υπολογιστική Μηχανική”
Increasing Resolution and Resolving Convection Improve the Simulation of Cloud-Radiative Effects Over the North Atlantic
Creators: name: Senf, Fabian
name: Voigt, Aiko
name: Clerbaux, Nicolas
name: Hünerbein, Anja
name: Deneke, Hartwig
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Clouds interact with atmospheric radiation and substantially modify the Earth's energy budget. Cloud formation processes occur over a vast range of spatial and temporal scales, which make their thorough numerical representation challenging. Therefore, the impact of parameter choices for simulations of cloud-radiative effects is assessed in the current study. Numerical experiments are carried out using the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model with varying grid spacings between 2.5 and 80 km and with different subgrid-scale parameterization approaches. Simulations are performed over the North Atlantic with either one-moment or two-moment microphysics and with convection being parameterized or explicitly resolved by grid-scale dynamics. Simulated cloud-radiative effects are compared to products derived from Meteosat measurements. Furthermore, a sophisticated cloud classification algorithm is applied to understand the differences and dependencies of simulated and observed cloud-radiative effects. The cloud classification algorithm developed for the satellite observations is also applied to the simulation output based on synthetic infrared brightness temperatures, a novel approach that is not impacted by changing insolation and guarantees a consistent and fair comparison. It is found that flux biases originate equally from clear-sky and cloudy parts of the radiation field. Simulated cloud amounts and cloud-radiative effects are dominated by marine, shallow clouds, and their behavior is highly resolution dependent. Bias compensation between shortwave and longwave flux biases, seen in the coarser simulations, is significantly diminished for higher resolutions. Based on the analysis results, it is argued that cloud-microphysical and cloud-radiative properties have to be adjusted to further improve agreement with observed cloud-radiative effects.
title: Χαρτογράφηση και εκτίμηση δυναμικού εκμετάλλευσης απορριπτόμενης θερμότητας στη βιομηχανία μέσω της τεχνολογίας Οργανικού Κύκλου Rankine (ORC)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Mapping of the electricity generation potential of industrial waste heat sources through Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Creators: name: Triantafyllidis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: National Technological University of Athens
Year: 2025
Subjects: Οργανικός Κύκλος Rankine
Organic Rankine Cycle
Απορριπτόμενη θερμότητα
Waste heat
Καυσαέρια
Flue gases
Ηλεκτρική ενέργεια
Electricity
Απανθρακοποίηση
Decarbonization

description: Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Παραγωγή και Διαχείριση Ενέργειας”
Levinson's theorem for graphs
Creators: name: Childs, Andrew M.
name: Strouse, DJ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove an analog of Levinson's theorem for scattering on a weighted (m+1)-vertex graph with a semi-infinite path attached to one of its vertices. In particular, we show that the number of bound states in such a scattering problem is equal to m minus half the winding number of the phase of the reflection coefficient (where each so-called half-bound state is counted as half a bound state).
description: 10 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor corrections
Spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in matrix models from the viewpoints of localization and Nicolai mapping
Creators: name: Kuroki, Tsunehide
name: Sugino, Fumihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the previous work, it was shown that, in supersymmetric (matrix) discretized quantum mechanics, inclusion of an external field twisting the boundary condition of fermions enables us to discuss spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry (SUSY) in the path-integral formalism in a well-defined way. In the present work, we continue investigating the same systems from the points of view of localization and Nicolai mapping. The localization is studied by changing of integration variables in the path integral, which is applicable whether or not SUSY is explicitly broken. We examine in detail how the integrand of the partition function with respect to the integral over the auxiliary field behaves as the auxiliary field vanishes, which clarifies a mechanism of the localization. In SUSY matrix models, we obtain a matrix-model generalization of the localization formula. In terms of eigenvalues of matrix variables, we observe that eigenvalues' dynamics is governed by balance of attractive force from the localization and repulsive force from the Vandermonde determinant. The approach of the Nicolai mapping works even in the presence of the external field. It enables us to compute the partition function of SUSY matrix models for finite N (N is the rank of matrices) with arbitrary superpotential at least in the leading nontrivial order of an expansion with respect to the small external field. We confirm the restoration of SUSY in the large-N limit of a SUSY matrix model with a double-well scalar potential observed in the previous work.
description: 45 pages, no figure; v2 references added; v3 discussions for general T moved to appendix, references added, typos fixed, version to be published in Nuclear Physics B
Elastic Fault Interactions and Earthquake Rupture Along the Southern Hellenic Subduction Plate Interface Zone in Greece
Creators: name: Saltogianni, Vasso
name: Mouslopoulou, Vasiliki
name: Oncken, Onno
name: Nicol, Andrew
name: Gianniou, Michail
name: Mertikas, Stelios
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: The importance of splay-thrust faults in subduction seismogenesis is increasingly acknowledged; however, their elastic interaction with the plate interface remains unclear. Here, we use GPS velocities, constrained by millennial fault slip rates, to study elastic fault-interactions between the plate interface and its upper-plate splay-thrust faults from the southern Hellenic Subduction System (HSS). We find that, despite its largely aseismic character, the HSS plate interface zone is kinematically segmented, with slip rate deficits locally reaching ~85% and ~45% of the plate convergence rate on the western and eastern segments, respectively, and on structures different from those that ruptured historically. Although western Crete has been more active seismically during late Holocene, we find that the eastern HSS has higher seismic potential for large-magnitude (M > 6) earthquakes and its interface zone is closer to failure. Elastic fault interactions are responsible for both significant intersegment variability in strain accumulation and uniformity in earthquake rupture segmentation along the HSS over millennial timescales.
Spectral properties of acoustic black hole radiation: Broadening the horizon
Creators: name: Finazzi, Stefano
name: Parentani, Renaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sensitivity of the black hole spectrum when introducing short distance dispersion is studied in the context of atomic Bose condensates. By considering flows characterized by several length scales, we show that, while the spectrum remains remarkably Planckian, the temperature is no longer fixed by the surface gravity. Rather it is determined by the average of the flow gradient across the horizon over an interval fixed by the healing length and the surface gravity, as if the horizon were broadened. This remains valid as long as the flow does not induce nonadiabatic effects that produce oscillations or some parametric amplification of the flux.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, revtex4, minor corrections, version accepted on prd
Short contribution on adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies: A pilot study of Dresden-Laubegast, Germany
Creators: name: Jehmlich, Caroline
name: Hudson, Paul
name: Thieken, Annegret H.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Integrated flood management strategies consider property-level precautionary measures as a vital part. Whereas this is a well-researched topic for residents, little is known about the adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies although they often settle on the ground floor of buildings and are thus among the first affected by flooding. This pilot study analyses flood responses of 64 businesses in a district of the city of Dresden, Germany that experienced major flooding in 2002 and 2013. Using standardised survey data and accompanying qualitative interviews, the analyses revealed that the largest driver of adaptive behaviour is experiencing flood events. Intangible factors such as tradition and a sense of community play a role for the decision to stay in the area, while lacking ownership might hamper property-level adaptation. Further research is also needed to understand the role of insurance and governmental aid for recovery and adaptation of businesses.
Crystal structures of native cytochrome c6 from Thermosynechococcus elongatus in two different space groups and implications for its oligomerization
Creators: name: Falke, Sven
name: Feiler, Christian
name: Chapman, Henry
name: Sarrou, Iosifina
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Native cytochrome c6 was purified from an extract of strain BP-1 of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. The protein was crystallized, and with only slight modifications of the buffer and vapour-diffusion conditions two different space groups were observed, namely H3 and C2. Both crystal structures were solved; they contained three and six molecules per asymmetric unit and were refined to 1.7 and 2.25 Å resolution, respectively. To date, the structure of native cytochrome c6 from T. elongatus has only been reported as a monomer using NMR spectroscopy, i.e. without addressing putative oligomerization, and related structures have only previously been solved using X-ray crystallography after recombinant gene overexpression in Escherichia coli. The reported space groups of related cyanobacterial cytochrome c6 structures differ from those reported here. Interestingly, the protein–protein interfaces that were observed utilizing X-ray crystallography could also explain homo-oligomerization in solution; specifically, trimerization is indicated by infra-red dynamic light scattering and blue native gel electrophoresis in solution. Trimers were also detected by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, there is an indication of post-translational methylation in the crystal structure. Additionally, the possibility of modifying the crystal size and the redox activity in the context of photosynthesis is shaping the investigated cytochrome as a highly suitable model protein for advanced serial crystallography at highly brilliant X-ray free-electron laser sources.
RR photons
Creators: name: Camara, Pablo G.
name: Ibañez, Luis E.
name: Marchesano, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type II string compactifications to 4d generically contain massless Ramond-Ramond U(1) gauge symmetries. However there is no massless matter charged under these U(1)'s, which makes a priori difficult to measure any physical consequences of their existence. There is however a window of opportunity if these RR U(1)'s mix with the hypercharge $U(1)_Y$ (hence with the photon). In this paper we study in detail different avenues by which $U(1)_{RR}$ bosons may mix with D-brane U(1)'s. We concentrate on Type IIA orientifolds and their M-theory lift, and provide geometric criteria for the existence of such mixing, which may occur either via standard kinetic mixing or via the mass terms induced by Stückelberg couplings. The latter case is particularly interesting, and appears whenever D-branes wrap torsional $p$-cycles in the compactification manifold. We also show that in the presence of torsional cycles discrete gauge symmetries and Aharanov-Bohm strings and particles appear in the 4d effective action, and that type IIA Stückelberg couplings can be understood in terms of torsional (co)homology in M-theory. We provide examples of Type IIA Calabi-Yau orientifolds in which the required torsional cycles exist and kinetic mixing induced by mass mixing is present. We discuss some phenomenological consequences of our findings. In particular, we find that mass mixing may induce corrections relevant for hypercharge gauge coupling unification in F-theory SU(5) GUT's.
description: 68 pages, 2 figures, 7 tables; v2: minor typos corrected, references modified
Dynamical X-ray diffraction imaging of voids in dislocation-free high-purity germanium single crystals
Creators: name: Gradwohl, Kevin-P.
name: Danilewsky, Andreas N.
name: Roder, Melissa
name: Schmidbauer, Martin
name: Janicskó-Csáthy, József
name: Gybin, Alexander
name: Abrosimov, Nikolay
name: Sumathi, R. Radhakrishnan
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: White-beam X-ray topography has been performed to provide direct evidence of micro-voids in dislocation-free high-purity germanium single crystals. The voids are visible because of a dynamical diffraction contrast. It is shown that voids occur only in dislocation-free parts of the crystal and do not show up in regions with homogeneous and moderate dislocation density. It is further suggested that the voids originate from clustering of vacancies during the growth process. A general method is proposed to verify the presence of voids for any crystalline material of high structural perfection.
First-Fit is Linear on Posets Excluding Two Long Incomparable Chains
Creators: name: Joret, Gwenaël
name: Milans, Kevin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A poset is (r + s)-free if it does not contain two incomparable chains of size r and s, respectively. We prove that when r and s are at least 2, the First-Fit algorithm partitions every (r + s)-free poset P into at most 8(r-1)(s-1)w chains, where w is the width of P. This solves an open problem of Bosek, Krawczyk, and Szczypka (SIAM J. Discrete Math., 23(4):1992--1999, 2010).
description: v3: fixed some typos
Spatial upscaling of CO2 emissions from exposed river sediments of the Elbe River during an extreme drought
Creators: name: Mallast, Ulf
name: Staniek, Maren
name: Koschorreck, Matthias
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Droughts lead to falling river water levels and consequently expose river sediments. It is well known that from these exposed aquatic sediments, CO2 emits to the atmosphere, but upscaling of CO2 measurements from discrete point measurements to an entire river system remains challenging. Naturally occurring heterogeneous processes must be accounted for to obtain an overall CO2 flux and to assess its significance. We contribute to this challenge by incorporating a two stage scaling approach using in situ CO2 fluxes and remote sensing data. First, by combining optical airborne data with closed chamber measurements at a representative model site during a first scaling stage, we derive land cover type specific CO2 fluxes and identify distance to the water as the most suitable proxy for further upscaling. Second, we upscale derived spatial relations from the first scaling stage to the entire river system of the Elbe River using a satellite-based analysis. In this way, we derived area-weighted CO2 emissions from exposed river sediments of 56.6 ± 64.8 tC day−1 (corrected distance proxy) and 52.9 ± 44.6 tC day−1 (land cover proxy), respectively, for 1 day during the 2018 extreme drought. Given the intensification of droughts in terms of length and reoccurrence frequency, this result not only highlights the importance of drought-induced exposition of river sediment as a source of atmospheric CO2 but also underscores the ability to monitor CO2 emissions over an entire river system on a regular basis using remote sensing.
Detecting Climate Change Effects on Vb Cyclones in a 50-Member Single-Model Ensemble Using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Mittermeier, M.
name: Braun, M.
name: Hofstätter, M.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Ludwig, R.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Vb cyclones are major drivers of extreme precipitation and floods in the study area of hydrological Bavaria (Germany). When assessing climate change impacts on Vb cyclones, internal variability of the climate system is an important underlying uncertainty. Here, we employ a 50-member single-model initial-condition large ensemble of a regional climate model to study climate variability and forced change on Vb cyclones. An artificial neural network detects cutoff lows over central Europe, which are associated with extreme precipitation Vb cyclones. Thus, machine learning filters the large ensemble prior to cyclone tracking. Our results show a striking change in Vb seasonality with a strong decrease of Vb cyclones in summer (−52%) and a large increase in spring (+73%) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. This change exceeds the noise of internal variability and leads to a peak shift from summer to spring. Additionally, we show significant increases in the daily precipitation intensity during Vb cyclones in all seasons.
Phase diagram of hot magnetized two-flavor color superconducting quark matter
Creators: name: Fayazbakhsh, Sh.
name: Sadooghi, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two-flavor color superconducting (2SC) Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is introduced at finite temperature T, chemical potential mu and in the presence of a constant magnetic field eB. The effect of (T,mu,eB) on the formation of chiral and color symmetry breaking condensates is studied. The complete phase portrait of the model in T-mu, mu-eB, and T-eB phase spaces for various fixed eB, T, and mu is explored. A threshold magnetic field eB_t~ 0.5 GeV^2 is found above which the dynamics of the system is solely dominated by the lowest Landau level (LLL) and the effects of T and mu are partly compensated by eB.
description: V1: 29 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables. V2: Discussions improved. Version accepted for publication in PRD
Disorder-induced Spin Gap in the Zigzag Spin-1/2 Chain Cuprate Sr_{0.9}Ca_{0.1}CuO_2
Creators: name: Hammerath, F.
name: Nishimoto, S.
name: Grafe, H. -J.
name: Wolter, A. U. B.
name: Kataev, V.
name: Ribeiro, P.
name: Hess, C.
name: Drechsler, S. -L.
name: Buechner, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comparative study of 63Cu Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spin lattice relaxation rates, T_1^{-1}, on undoped SrCuO_2 and Ca doped Sr_{0.9}Ca_{0.1}CuO_2 spin chain compounds. A temperature independent T_1^{-1} is observed for SrCuO_2 as expected for an S=1/2 Heisenberg chain. Surprisingly, we observe an exponential decrease of T_1^{-1} for T < 90,K in the Ca-doped sample evidencing the opening of a spin gap. The data analysis within the J_1-J_2 Heisenberg model employing density-matrix renormalization group calculations suggests an impurity driven small alternation of the J_2-exchange coupling as a possible cause of the spin gap.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Power-Law Behavior of Bond Energy Correlators in a Kitaev-type Model with a Stable Parton Fermi Surface
Creators: name: Lai, Hsin-Hua
name: Motrunich, Olexei I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bond energy correlation functions in an exactly solvable quantum spin model of Kitaev type on the kagome lattice with stable Fermi surface of partons proposed recently by Chua et al, Ref.\[arXiv:1010.1035]. Even though any spin correlations are ultra-short ranged, we find that the bond energy correlations have power law behavior with a $1/|{\bm r}|^3$ envelope and oscillations at incommensurate wavevectors. We determine the corresponding singular surfaces in momentum space, which provide a gauge-invariant characterization of this gapless spin liquid.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Tropical Expansion Driven by Poleward Advancing Midlatitude Meridional Temperature Gradients
Creators: name: Yang, Hu
name: Lohmann, Gerrit
name: Lu, Jian
name: Gowan, Evan J.
name: Shi, Xiaoxu
name: Liu, Jiping
name: Wang, Qiang
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: An abundance of evidence indicates that the tropics are expanding. Despite many attempts to decipher the cause, the underlying dynamical mechanism driving tropical expansion is still not entirely clear. Here, based on observations, multimodel simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and purposefully designed numerical experiments, the variations and trends of the tropical width are explored from a regional perspective. We find that the width of the tropics closely follows the displacement of oceanic midlatitude meridional temperature gradients (MMTG). Under global warming, as a first-order response, the subtropical ocean experiences more surface warming because of the mean Ekman convergence of anomalously warm water. The enhanced subtropical warming, which is partially independent of natural climate oscillations, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, leads to poleward advance of the MMTG and drives the tropical expansion. Our results, supported by both observations and model simulations, imply that global warming may have already significantly contributed to the ongoing tropical expansion, especially over the ocean-dominant Southern Hemisphere.
Direct Observation of Conductive Polymer Induced Inversion Layer in n-Si and Correlation to Solar Cell Performance
Creators: name: Wang, Rongbin
name: Wang, Yusheng
name: Wu, Chen
name: Zhai, Tianshu
name: Yang, Jiacheng
name: Sun, Baoquan
name: Duhm, Steffen
name: Koch, Norbert
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Heterojunctions formed by ultrathin conductive polymer [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate)—PEDOT:PSS] films and n-type crystalline silicon are investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. Large shifts of Si 2p core levels upon PEDOT:PSS deposition provide evidence that a dopant-free p–n junction, i.e., an inversion layer, is formed within Si. Among the investigated PEDOT:PSS formulations, the largest induced band bending within Si (0.71 eV) is found for PH1000 (high PEDOT content) combined with a wetting agent and the solvent additive dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Without DMSO, the induced band bending is reduced, as is also the case with a PEDOT:PSS formulation with higher PSS content. The interfacial energy level alignment correlates well with the characteristics of PEDOT:PSS/n-Si solar cells, where high polymer conductivity and sufficient Si-passivation are also required to achieve high power conversion efficiency.
Formulation and constraints on decaying dark matter with finite mass daughter particles
Creators: name: Aoyama, Shohei
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
name: Nitta, Daisuke
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decaying dark matter cosmological models have been proposed to remedy the overproduction problem at small scales in the standard cold dark matter paradigm. We consider a decaying dark matter model in which one CDM mother particle decays into two daughter particles, with arbitrary masses. A complete set of Boltzmann equations of dark matter particles is derived which is necessary to calculate the evolutions of their energy densities and their density perturbations. By comparing the expansion history of the universe in this model and the free-streaming scale of daughter particles with astronomical observational data, we give constraints on the lifetime of the mother particle, $Γ^{-1}$, and the mass ratio between the daughter and the mother particles $m_{\rm D}/m_{\rm M}$. From the distance to the last scattering surface of the cosmic microwave background, we obtain $Γ^{-1}>$ 30 Gyr in the massless limit of daughter particles and, on the other hand, we obtain $m_{\rm D} >$ 0.97$m_{\rm M}$ in the limit $Γ^{-1}\to 0$. The free-streaming constraint tightens the bound on the mass ratio as $(Γ^{-1}/10^{-2}{\rm Gyr}) \lesssim ((1-m_{\rm D1}/m_{\rm M})/10^{-2})^{-3/2}$ for $Γ^{-1} < H^{-1}(z=3)$.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Entanglement between deconfinement transition and chiral symmetry restoration
Creators: name: Sakai, Yuji
name: Sasaki, Takahiro
name: Kouno, Hiroaki
name: Yahiro, Masanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model by introducing an effective four-quark vertex depending on Polyakov loop. The effective vertex generates entanglement interactions between Polyakov loop and chiral condensate. The new model is consistent with lattice QCD data at imaginary quark-number chemical potential and real and imaginary isospin chemical potentials, particularly on strong correlation between the chiral and deconfinement transitions and also on the quark-mass dependence of the order of the Roberge-Weiss endpoint predicted by lattice QCD very lately. We investigate an influence of the entanglement interactions on a location of the tricritical point at real isospin chemical potential and a location of the critical endpoint at real quark-number chemical potential.
description: 10 pages, 16 figures, published version
Charmonium production in heavy-ion collisions from SPS to LHC
Creators: name: Song, Taesoo
name: Han, Kyong Chol
name: Ko, Che Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the two-component model that includes charmonium production from initial nucleon-nucleon hard scattering and regeneration in the produced quark-gluon plasma, we study $J/ψ$ production in heavy ion collisions at SPS, RHIC and LHC. For the expansion dynamics of produced hot dense matter, we use a schematic viscous hydrodynamic model with the specific shear viscosity taken, respectively, to be twice and ten times the lower bound of $1/4π$ suggested by the Ads/CFT correspondence in the quark-gluon plasma and in the hadron gas. For the initial dissociation and the subsequent thermal decay of charmonia in the hot dense matter, we use the screened Cornell potential to describe the properties of charmonia and the perturbative QCD to calculate their dissociation cross sections. Including regeneration of charmonia in the quark-gluon plasma via a kinetic equation with in-medium chamonium decay widths, we obtain a good description of measured nuclear modification factors at SPS and RHIC. A reasonable description of measured nuclear modification factor of $J/ψ$s of high transverse momenta in heavy ion collisions at LHC is also obtained if we include the contribution to the $J/ψ$ yield from the decay of bottomed hadrons.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Molecular Precursors for Tailoring Humidity Tolerance of Nanoscale Hopcalite Catalysts Via Flame Spray Pyrolysis
Creators: name: Wegner, Karl
name: Zippel, Rene
name: Medicus, Maximilian
name: Schade, Elke
name: Grothe, Julia
name: Kaskel, Stefan
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract A systematic investigation of copper- and manganese-carboxylate precursors derived from various organic acids (arylcarboxylate, alkylcarboxyate) and their transformation into copper manganese nanoparticles via flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) reveals significant impact on their physical and catalytic properties. A sodium-free protocol is essential to achieve high purity copper(II) and manganese(II) 2-ethylhexanoates, benzoates, 1-naphthenates and 9- anthracenates as revealed by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetry (TG). In order to exclude the influence of other parameters, the FSP syntheses were carried out using fixed air/feed ratio. Especially aromatic precursors lead to smaller nanoparticles with high surface areas up to 180 m2g−1 and that these also have a higher carbon content. TPR investigations have shown that the copper and manganese atoms are in close contact with each other, which significantly reduces their reduction temperature. In catalytic CO oxidation, all samples synthesized from organometallic precursors have shown higher CO conversions at room temperature under dry conditions and improved long-term stability under wet conditions compared to a commercial reference. The activity depends mainly on the Cu : Mn ratio and the specific surface area. At room temperature under dry conditions, catalytic CO conversion exceeding 80 % could be achieved. A decreased deactivation rate under humid conditions could be related to an increased carbon content of the nanocatalysts. By optimization of the synthesis parameters and the use of pure precursors, it was possible to show that flame spray pyrolysis is an efficient, scalable and single-stage synthesis method for Hopcalite nanoparticles, which additionally provides more active catalysts than those from alternative synthesis methods.
Frame-Dragging Vortexes and Tidal Tendexes Attached to Colliding Black Holes: Visualizing the Curvature of Spacetime
Creators: name: Owen, Robert
name: Brink, Jeandrew
name: Chen, Yanbei
name: Kaplan, Jeffrey D.
name: Lovelace, Geoffrey
name: Matthews, Keith D.
name: Nichols, David A.
name: Scheel, Mark A.
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Zimmerman, Aaron
name: Thorne, Kip S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When one splits spacetime into space plus time, the spacetime curvature (Weyl tensor) gets split into an "electric" part E_{jk} that describes tidal gravity and a "magnetic" part B_{jk} that describes differential dragging of inertial frames. We introduce tools for visualizing B_{jk} (frame-drag vortex lines, their vorticity, and vortexes) and E_{jk} (tidal tendex lines, their tendicity, and tendexes), and also visualizations of a black-hole horizon's (scalar) vorticity and tendicity. We use these tools to elucidate the nonlinear dynamics of curved spacetime in merging black-hole binaries.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Thermodynamic and Structural Behavior of α-Galactosylceramide and C6-Functionalized α-GalCer in 2D Layers at the Air–Liquid Interface
Creators: name: Brezesinski, Gerald
name: Calow, Adam D. J.
name: Pereira, Claney L.
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer; KRN7000) is a ligand for the glycoprotein CD1d that presents lipid antigens to natural killer T cells. Therefore, KRN7000 as well as some modified versions thereof have been widely investigated as part of novel immunotherapies. To examine the impact of structural modification, we investigated KRN7000 and C6-modified KRN7000 at the air–liquid interface using monolayer isotherms, BAM, IRRAS, GIXD, and TRXF. The amino group has no influence on the highly ordered sub-gel structures found at lateral pressures relevant for biological membranes. Neither lateral compression nor the protonation state of the amino group has a measurable effect on the lattice structure, which is defined by strong and rigid intermolecular hydrogen bonds. However, the first-order phase transition found for the C6-functionalized α-GalCer is connected with an extraordinary surface-inhibited nucleation. Our study demonstrates that KRN7000 can be functionalized at C6 without significantly changing the structural properties.
Low energy Quantum Gravity from the Effective Average Action
Creators: name: Satz, A.
name: Codello, A.
name: Mazzitelli, F. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the effective average action approach to quantum gravity, we recover the low energy effective action as derived in the effective field theory framework, by studying the flow of possibly non-local form factors that appear in the curvature expansion of the effective average action. We restrict to the one-loop flow where progress can be made with the aid of the non-local heat kernel expansion. We discuss the possible physical implications of the scale dependent low energy effective action through the analysis of the quantum corrections to the Newtonian potential.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure; minor corrections, references added
Search for the Higgs Boson in WH and tHq Production Modes
with the CMS Experiment
Creators: name: Böser, Christian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015

description: In the thesis the full proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS detector in 2012 at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV is analyzed. Two novel analyses are presented targeting the WH and the tHq production channels. Both searches focus on the Higgs boson decay into bottom quark pairs, that has not yet been observed.
Antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of the novel chimeric inhibitor animacroxam in testicular germ cell cancer
Creators: name: Steinemann, Gustav
name: Dittmer, Alexandra
name: Schmidt, Jacob
name: Josuttis, David
name: Fähling, Michael
name: Biersack, Bernhard
name: Beindorff, Nicola
name: Jolante Koziolek, Eva
name: Schobert, Rainer
name: Brenner, Winfried
name: Müller, Thomas
name: Nitzsche, Bianca
name: Höpfner, Michael
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Chimeric inhibitors, which merge two drug pharmacophores in a single molecule have become a prominent approach for the design of novel anticancer compounds. Here, we examined animacroxam, which combines histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and cytoskeleton-interfering pharmacophores, in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). The effectiveness of animacroxam was compared to that of the commonly applied chemotherapeutic cisplatin as well as the clinically approved HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. The antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam on TGCT in vivo were assessed through exploratory animal studies and a modified chorioallantoic membrane assay, revealing that animacroxam has significant antitumor activity in TGCT. A novel positron emission tomography/MR-imaging approach was applied to determine tumor volume and glucose [2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG)] uptake in TGCT tumors, revealing reduced glucose uptake in animacroxam-treated TGCTs and showing a dose-dependent suppression of glycolytic enzymes, which led to a breakdown in glycolytic energy production. Furthermore, the observed antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam were related to its ability to inhibit endothelial cell–cell communication, as the expression of gap junction-forming connexin 43 was strongly suppressed, and gap-junctional intercellular mass transport was reduced. Our data suggest that the chimeric HDAC inhibitor animacroxam may become a promising candidate for the treatment of solid cancers and may serve as an interesting alternative to platinum-based therapies.
Stochastic Mean-Field Limit: Non-Lipschitz Forces \& Swarming
Creators: name: Bolley, François
name: Cañizo, José Alfredo
name: Carrillo, José Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider general stochastic systems of interacting particles with noise which are relevant as models for the collective behavior of animals, and rigorously prove that in the mean-field limit the system is close to the solution of a kinetic PDE. Our aim is to include models widely studied in the literature such as the Cucker-Smale model, adding noise to the behavior of individuals. The difficulty, as compared to the classical case of globally Lipschitz potentials, is that in several models the interaction potential between particles is only locally Lipschitz, the local Lipschitz constant growing to infinity with the size of the region considered. With this in mind, we present an extension of the classical theory for globally Lipschitz interactions, which works for only locally Lipschitz ones.
Der in vitro PIG-A Genmutations-Assay: Methodenentwicklung eines neuartigen Testsystems zur Untersuchung auf Mutagenität mittels durchflusszytometrischer Analyse des Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Status von Säugerzellen
Creators: name: Krüger, Christopher-Tilman
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015

description: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein neuartiges in vitro Genmutations-Testsystem basierend auf dem GPI-Status von Säugerzellen entwickelt. Das hierzu etablierte Testprotokoll sowie die durchflusszytometrische Analyse des zellulären GPI-Status konnten erfolgreich validiert werden und ermöglichten eine sensitive sowie reproduzierbare Quantifizierung mutierter (GPI-defizienter) Zellen. Die untersuchten Mutagene EMS, NQO und UV-C sowie verwendete Negativ-Kontrollen führten zu korrekten Testergebnissen.
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis and Sensitized Photolysis for Enhanced Degradation of Bisphenol A and its Analogues
Creators: name: Kondrakov, Aleksandr O.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015

description: This work deals with elucidation of bisphenols transformations occurring in the processes of TiO2 photocatalysis and sensitized photolysis. A special attention is paid to the clarification of the mechanisms of the reactive oxygen species generation. In particular, the work investigates the sources and mobility of photocatalytically generated OH radicals by isotopic labeling experiments and explores the role of natural organic matter as a sensitizer in the sunlight photolysis of bisphenols.
A Markov Chain approach to determine the optimal performance period and bad definition for credit scorecard
Creators: name: Choy
name: Ma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 91G40

description: Performance period determination and bad definition for credit scorecard has been a mix of fortune for the typical data modeler. The lack of literature on these matters led to a proliferation of approaches and techniques to solve the problems. However, the most commonly accepted approach involves subjective interpretations of the performance period and bad definition as well as being chicken and egg problem. These complications result in poorly developed credit scorecard with minimal benefits to the banks. In this paper, we will be recommending a simple and effective approach to resolve these issues.
description: 7 Pages
The Role of Non-Metallic and Metalloid Elements on the Electrocatalytic Activity of Cobalt and Nickel Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Creators: name: Masa, Justus
name: Schuhmann, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Compounds and alloys of cobalt and nickel with some nonmetals (N, P, S, Se) and metalloids (C, B, C, As and Te) have emerged as very promising noble metal-free pre-catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes. However, the exact role played by the non-metals and metalloids in promoting the OER is not well understood. A holistic understanding of the origin of the OER activity enhancement in these compounds is vital for their exploitation as models to inspire knowledge-guided design of improved OER catalysts. In this review, we elucidate the factors that govern the activity and stability of OER catalysts derived from MX compounds (M=Co or Ni, and X=nonmetal or metalloid), including the impact of surface electronic structure, M : X stoichiometry, material composition, structure and crystallinity, as well as the role of oxoanions on the properties of the electrochemical double layer and interaction energies of the reaction intermediates. Finally, we outline a few perspectives and research directions towards a deeper understanding of the role of the nonmetal and metalloid elements and design of improved OER catalysts.
Higher Dimensional Cosmology: Relations among the radii of two homogeneous spaces
Creators: name: Leon, E. A.
name: Nieto, J. A.
name: Nunez-Lopez, R.
name: Lipovka, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a cosmological model in 1+D+d dimensions where D dimensions are associated with the usual Friedman-Robertson-Walker type metric with radio a(t) and d dimensions corresponds to an additional homogeneous space with radio b(t). We make a general analysis of the field equations and then we obtain solutions involving the two cosmological radii, a(t) and b(t). The particular case D=3, d=1 is studied in some detail.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. Two references added, minor typos corrected. To be published in Modern Physics Letters A
On the Eigenvalue Density of Real and Complex Wishart Correlation Matrices
Creators: name: Recher, Christian
name: Kieburg, Mario
name: Guhr, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Wishart correlation matrices are the standard model for the statistical analysis of time series. The ensemble averaged eigenvalue density is of considerable practical and theoretical interest. For complex time series and correlation matrices, the eigenvalue density is known exactly. In the real case, however, a fundamental mathematical obstacle made it forbidingly complicated to obtain exact results. We use the supersymmetry method to fully circumvent this problem. We present an exact formula for the eigenvalue density in the real case in terms of twofold integrals and finite sums.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures