cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testimony on the Massachusetts Milk Price Situation and the Proposed Massachusetts Milk Price Gouging Law
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Rabinowitz, Adam
name: Schwane, Matthew
name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Rabinowitz, Adam
name: Schwane, Matthew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: milk
subject: dairy
subject: pricing
subject: price gouging
subject: Massachusetts

description: At the outset we would like to thank the Committee on the Environment for the opportunities to submit this written testimony and to address the Committee on an important issue today. Milk pricing in New England and Massachusetts has been contentious for several years because of two interrelated issues. Those issues are of low milk prices to New England farmers and high milk prices to New England’s consumers. Figure 1 is a graphic picture of the problem. It gives the retail milk prices for Boston and the raw milk prices that farmers received for that fluid milk. The two vertical lines denote the era of the Dairy Compact. Note that the Dairy Compact established a price floor at $1.46 a gallon that shielded farmers from low raw fluid milk prices. Note also that outside of the Dairy Compact period there was considerable volatility in raw milk prices. Also note that before and after the Compact volatility in raw milk prices was not transmitted in any visible or major form to variation in retail milk prices. During the post Compact period within two months of the end of the Compact raw milk prices plummeted as much 50 cents a gallon to dairy farmers. At the time retailers in Boston dropped the price approximately 10 cents a gallon. After that major price drop raw milk prices continued to drift downward, and retail milk prices remained essentially constant, near $3 a gallon. Now we have experienced a 35 cent per gallon increase in the raw milk prices, and retail prices are moving up again.
X-ray spectral variations of synchrotron peak in BL Lacs
Creators: name: Wang, Yijun
name: Zhu, Shifu
name: Xue, Yongquan
name: Gu, Minfeng
name: Weng, Shanshan
name: Le, Huynh Anh N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral energy distribution of blazars around the synchrotron peak can be well described by the log-parabolic model that has three parameters: peak energy ($E_\textrm{p}$), peak luminosity ($L_\textrm{p}$) and the curvature parameter ($b$). It has been suggested that $E_\textrm{p}$ shows relations with $L_\textrm{p}$ and $b$ in several sources, which can be used to constrain the physical properties of the emitting region and/or acceleration processes of the emitting particles. We systematically study the $E_\textrm{p}$-$L_\textrm{p}$ and $E_\textrm{p}$-(1$/b$) relations for 14 BL Lac objects using the 3-25~keV $RXTE$/PCA and 0.3-10~keV $Swift$/XRT data. Most objects (9/14) exhibit positive $E_\textrm{p}$-$L_\textrm{p}$ correlations, three sources show no correlation, and two sources display negative correlations. In addition, most targets (7/14) present no correlation between $E_\textrm{p}$ and 1$/b$, five sources pose negative correlations, and two sources demonstrate positive correlations. 1ES~1959+650 displays two different $E_\textrm{p}$-$L_\textrm{p}$ relations in 2002 and 2016. We also analyze $E_\textrm{p}$-$L_\textrm{p}$ and $E_\textrm{p}$-(1$/b$) relations during flares lasting for several days. The $E_\textrm{p}$-$L_\textrm{p}$ relation does not exhibit significant differences between flares, while the $E_\textrm{p}$-(1$/b$) relation varies from flare to flare. For the total sample, when $L_\textrm{p}$ < $\textrm{10}^\textrm{45}\ \textrm{erg}\ \textrm{s}^\textrm{-1}$, there seems to be a positive $E_\textrm{p}$-$L_\textrm{p}$ correlation. $L_\textrm{p}$ and the slope of $E_\textrm{p}$-$L_\textrm{p}$ relation present an anti-correlation, which indicates that the causes of spectral variations might be different between luminous and faint sources. $E_\textrm{p}$ shows a positive correlation with the black hole mass. We discuss the implications of these results.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables; Accepted for publication in ApJ
ИНГЛИЗ ВА ЎЗБЕК   ТИЛЛАРИДА ЭКОЛОГИК АТАМАЛАРНИНГ СТРУКТУРАЛ-КОМПОЗИЦИОН ХУСУСИЯТЛАРИ
Creators: name: Буриев, Умарбек
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ушбу маколада  инглиз ва  узбек тилларида экологик  атамаларнинг структурал-композитцион хусусиятлари ва уларниниг лингвистик хусусиятлари экологигик атамаларнинг нуткда тутган урни хакида мулохаза юритилади.
Tombes de l'élite du Ha ancien en France
Creators: name: Tremblay Cormier, Laurie
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017

description: Base de données issue d'un travail de synthèse des tombes de l'élite en France, présenté lors du colloque international des universités de Leyde et Hamburg "Connected Elites and Regions in the Early Hallstatt Period" à Leyde (19-20 novembre 2015). Critères de sélection : présence d'armement, vaisselle métallique, éléments de harnachement, de char et/ou objets en or. Deux niveaux d'information : le site (sépulture) et les objets.
Supplementary document for Nano-compositional imaging of the lanthanum silicide system at THz wavelengths - 6651359.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Jigang
name: Kim, Richard
name: Pathak, A. K.
name: Park, Joong-Mok
name: Imran, M
name: Haeuser, S
name: Fei, Zhe
name: Mudryk, Y
name: Koschny, Thomas
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary
Additional file 4 of Baseline audiological profiling of South African females with cervical cancer: an important attribute for assessing cisplatin-associated ototoxicity
Creators: name: Paken, Jessica
name: Govender, Cyril D.
name: Mershen Pillay
name: Birhanu T. Ayele
name: Vikash Sewram
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 4. Limits of the audiometer
Off-shell vs on-shell modelling of top quarks in photon associated production
Creators: name: Bevilacqua, G.
name: Hartanto, H. B.
name: Kraus, M.
name: Weber, T.
name: Worek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparative study of various approaches for modelling of the $e^+ ν_e μ^- \barν_μb\bar{b} γ$ final state in $t\bar{t}γ$ production at the LHC. Working at the NLO in QCD we compare the fully realistic description of the top quark decay chain with the one provided by the narrow-width-approximation. The former approach comprises all double, single and non-resonant diagrams, interferences, and off-shell effects of the top quarks. The latter incorporates only double resonant contributions and restricts the unstable top quarks to on-shell states. We confirm that for the integrated cross sections the finite top quark width effects are small and of the order of ${\cal O}(Γ_t/m_t)$. We show, however, that they are strongly enhanced for more exclusive observables. In addition, we investigate fractions of events where the photon is radiated either in the production or in the decay stage. We find that large fraction of isolated photons comes from radiative decays of top quarks. Based on our findings, selection criteria might be developed to reduce such contributions, that constitute a background for the measurement of the anomalous couplings in the $t\bar{t}γ$ vertex.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, version to appear in JHEP
A Preliminary Response to the Report Prepared for the Massachusetts Food Association by John Schnittker titled, “An Analysis of the Cotterill Proposal”
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Massachusetts
subject: price gouging
subject: milk
subject: dairy
subject: price collar

description: Late in the afternoon before this hearing we received a copy of the report, MFA/Schnittker. At this time we would like to provide a preliminary response to the Massachusetts Food Association and Dr. Schnittker. Perhaps the most egregious flaw in their report is the equation of the proposed Connecticut price law with the proposed Massachusetts price law. The two proposals are entirely different, and their impact on the market will be different. Dr. Schnittker appears willing and ready to link the Massachusetts price gouging law with the more complicated price collar approach of the proposed Connecticut law because he would like to argue that the Massachusetts law would damage consumers in the long run and especially damage low-income consumers. Neither law would necessarily do that, but the Massachusetts law most certainly will not do it.
Coherence and Decoherence in Tunneling between Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Cardamone, D. M.
name: Stafford, C. A.
name: Barrett, B. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled quantum dots are an example of the ubiquitous quantum double potential well. In a typical transport experiment, each quantum dot is also coupled to a continuum of states. Our approach takes this into account by using a Green's function formalism to solve the full system. The time-dependent solution is then explored in different limiting cases. In general, a combination of coherent and incoherent behavior is observed. In the case that the coupling of each dot to the macroscopic world is equal, however, the time evolution is purely coherent.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, presented at Pan-American Advanced Studies Institute (PASI) 2001: Physics and Technology at the Nanometer Scale
The Northeast Dairy Policy and Prices Summit Meeting
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: milk
subject: dairy
subject: price gouging
subject: price collar
subject: competition

description: Our recent meeting provided a factual basis for analysis of alternative milk policies. We analyzed the cost of production on farms, in processing, and in retailing. We collected and analyzed prices at the retail, wholesale, and farm level. This exercise gave us a rare glimpse into the distribution of the price paid by consumers among retailers, processors, and farmers. No one at the conference disputed this factual analysis and the conclusions that the farmer’s price is too low in relation to costs, that the retailers net profit margins are excessive, and that consumers, if anything, pay too much for milk in New England. Moreover no one disputed the conclusion that the New York price gouge law contributes to lower retail milk prices when raw milk prices are low. Most conference participants, however, rejected the New York price gouge law as a policy option for New England because they had a strong desire to increase farm prices. The New York law does little for farmers.
Absorbing phase transition in a conserved lattice gas with random neighbor particle hopping
Creators: name: Lubeck, S.
name: Hucht, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A conserved lattice gas with random neighbor hopping of active particles is introduced which exhibits a continuous phase transition from an active state to an absorbing non-active state. Since the randomness of the particle hopping breaks long range spatial correlations our model mimics the mean-field scaling behavior of the recently introduced new universality class of absorbing phase transitions with a conserved field. The critical exponent of the order parameter is derived within a simple approximation. The results are compared with those of simulations and field theoretical approaches.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. A
O$(d,d)$ covariant String Cosmology to all orders in $α^{\prime}$
Creators: name: Bernardo, Heliudson
name: Brandenberger, Robert
name: Franzmann, Guilherme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, all duality invariant $α'$-corrections to the massless NS-NS sector of string theory on time-dependent backgrounds were classified and the form of their contribution to the action were calculated. In this paper we introduce matter sources in the resulting equations of motion in an O$(d,d)$ covariant way. We show that either starting with the corrected equations and sourcing them with matter or considering corrections to the matter sourced lowest order equations give the same set of equations that defines string cosmology to all orders in $α'$. We also discuss perturbative and non-perturbative de Sitter solutions including matter.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure
Pseudamaryllis andresi Lowry & Stoddart 1993
Creators: name: Lowry, J. K.
name: Stoddart, H. E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Amaryllididae
Pseudamaryllis
Pseudamaryllis andresi

description: Pseudamaryllis andresi Lowry & Stoddart
 Pseudamaryllis andresi Lowry & Stoddart, 1993: 99, figs. 28– 30.– Springthorpe & Lowry, 1994: 8.
 Paravijaya apiculata Ren, 1998: 157, 162, figs. 1, 2.
 Distribution. Spratly Islands and Philippines, South China Sea; 90–127 m depth.
description: Published as part of Lowry, J. K. & Stoddart, H. E., 2002, The Amaryllididae of Australia (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea), pp. 129-214 in Records of the Australian Museum 54 on page 210
What is the Value of Milk?
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: milk
subject: dairy
subject: pricing
subject: price collar
subject: theory of value
subject: competition

description: Should milk be priced at $2.00 or $6.00 per gallon, or for that matter at any other price? What determines the value of milk? Recently at least one observer has stated opposition to the proposed price collar “compact plus” policy because it doesn’t reflect the “full value” of milk. Well, when is milk undervalued? Economics has another name. It is often appropriately called the theory of value. Over the past 200 years different economists have advanced different general economic or value theories. David Ricardo, in the early 19th century, proffered what is now called the Ricardian or Classical Theory of Value. In a classical economy prices are determined by the costs of production. Ricardo talked of three: rent for land, wages for labor, and profits for capital. Marx unsuccessfully tried to convince the world that there is one input, labor, and that all value comes from it: the labor theory of value.
title: Wie stand es nun wirklich um Bonpland?
title: Kritische Überlegungen zu Frank Holls Untersuchung zu Bonpland, seiner Beziehung zu Alexander von Humboldt und der Darstellung der letzten Tage von Bonpland durch Avé-Lallemant
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Prüfer Leske, Irene
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 509 Histor., geogr., personenbezogene Behandlung

description: Es handelt sich hier um eine Replik auf Frank Holls Artikel „La cooperación inolvidable de Aimé Bonpland y Alexander von Humboldt“, erschienen in der argentinischen Zeitschrift Bonplandia Volumen 29 Nr. 2 (2020). Es wird versucht, die von Holl gemachten schweren Vorwürfe gegenüber Avé-Lallemant, wie z. B. eine „tendenziöse Geschichtsschreibung“ zu praktizieren und Bonpland über Jahrhunderte hinweg schwer geschadet zu haben, nicht nur zu entschärfen, sondern auch in seinem eigenen Artikel als widersprüchlich aufzudecken. Die Ausführungen basieren vor allem auf den 7 Seiten, die Avé-Lallemant Bonpland und seinem Besuch bei demselben auf seiner Estancia Santa Ana 14 Tage vor seinem Tod in seinem zweibändigen Reisewerk „Reise durch Süd-Brasilien“ (1859) widmet, und einem kurzen Nachruf im 2. Band nach dessen Ableben im Jahre 1858.
description: Se trata de una réplica al artículo de Frank Holl “La cooperación inolvidable de Aimé Bonpland y Alexander von Humboldt”, publicado en la revista argentina Bonplandia Volumen 29 nº 2 de 2020. Se intentará desmontar las graves acusaciones por parte de Holl frente a Avé-Lallemant de practicar la falsifi cación de hechos históricos y de perjudicar gravemente la imagen de Bonpland durante los siglos a nivel internacional desde su fallecimiento en 1858. Se intenta revelar las contradicciones que se presentan en el artículo mismo de Frank Holl. Los argumentos de la autora se basan sobre todo en la lectura del libro de Avé-Lallemant “Reise durch Süd-Brasilien” (1859) en dos tomos que incluye 7 páginas dedicadas a su visita a Bonpland en su estancia 15 días antes de morir y un breve comentario y valoración sobre el fallecido después de enterarse de su muerte.
description: Il s’agit ici d’une réplique à l’article de Frank Holl «La coopération inoubliable d’Aimé Bonpland et Alexander von Humboldt», paru dans la revue argentine Bonplandia Volume 29 N°2 (2020). Nous essayerons de contester les graves accusations de la part de Holl à l’encontre de Avé-Lallemant de falsifi er des faits historiques et de nuire grièvement l’image de Bonpland pendant des siècles depuis sa mort en 1858, et de révéler les contradictions dans l’article de Frank Holl. Les arguments de l’auteur se basent sûrtout sur la lecture du livre de Avé-Lallement «Voyage à travers le Brésil du Sud» (1859) en deux volumes, qui inclut 7 pages dédiées à sa visite à Bonpland dans son « estancia» 15 jours avant de mourir y un bref commentaire et analyse sur le décédé peu après avoir pris connaissance de sa mort.
description: HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies; 43
Log-periodic route to fractal functions
Creators: name: Gluzman, S.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Log-periodic oscillations have been found to decorate the usual power law behavior found to describe the approach to a critical point, when the continuous scale-invariance symmetry is partially broken into a discrete-scale invariance (DSI) symmetry. We classify the `Weierstrass-type'' solutions of the renormalization group equation F(x)= g(x)+(1/m)F(g x) into two classes characterized by the amplitudes A(n) of the power law series expansion. These two classes are separated by a novel ``critical'' point. Growth processes (DLA), rupture, earthquake and financial crashes seem to be characterized by oscillatory or bounded regular microscopic functions g(x) that lead to a slow power law decay of A(n), giving strong log-periodic amplitudes. In contrast, the regular function g(x) of statistical physics models with ``ferromagnetic''-type interactions at equibrium involves unbound logarithms of polynomials of the control variable that lead to a fast exponential decay of A(n) giving weak log-periodic amplitudes and smoothed observables. These two classes of behavior can be traced back to the existence or abscence of ``antiferromagnetic'' or ``dipolar''-type interactions which, when present, make the Green functions non-monotonous oscillatory and favor spatial modulated patterns.
description: Latex document of 29 pages + 20 ps figures, addition of a new demonstration of the source of strong log-periodicity and of a justification of the general offered classification, update of reference list
Milk Pricing Problems and Solutions: An Essay on the Need for New State Level Milk Price Regulation in the Northeast, with Special Attention to Connecticut Substitute Bill No. 5642
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: milk
subject: dairy
subject: pricing
subject: New England
subject: price gouging

description: Before one can talk about solutions to the “milk pricing problem” one needs to identify its many dimensions and then target solutions to specific aspects of the problem. Is the problem one of supply outpacing demand on the national level? Is it the importation of milk components and products from other countries? Is it the importation of dairy replacement heifers from Canada? For the Northeast is it the loss of the class 1 fluid differential relative to the upper Midwest in the federal milk market orders? Does pooling of milk from distant producers on the Northeast market order lower Northeast farm –gate prices? Does depooling in other market orders, when manufacturing milk prices rapidly increase, disadvantage the Northeast? Is the problem an increasing imbalance of power between Northeast dairy farmers who bargain via their cooperatives with processors and retailers in milk marketing channels? Specifically, is it an increase in market pricing power by retailers that results in higher consumer prices and lower price premiums for farmers?
Subgap anomaly and above-energy-gap structure in chains of diffusive SNS junctions
Creators: name: Baturina, Tatyana. I.
name: Islamov, D. R.
name: Kvon, Z. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of low-temperature transport measurements on chains of superconductor--normal-constriction--superconductor (SNS) junctions fabricated on the basis of superconducting PtSi film. A comparative study of the properties of the chains, consisting of 3 and 20 SNS junctions in series, and single SNS junctions reveals essential distinctions in the behavior of the current-voltage characteristics of the systems: (i) the gradual decrease of the effective suppression voltage for the excess conductivity observed at zero bias as the quantity of the SNS junctions increases, (ii) a rich fine structure on the dependences dV/dI-V at dc bias voltages higher than the superconducting gap and corresponding to some multiples of 2Δ/e. A model to explain this above-energy-gap structure based on energy relaxation of electron via Cooper-pair-breaking in superconducting island connecting normal metal electrods is proposed.
description: RevTex, 5 pages, 4 figures
Chapter 9 - Supplementary file extracted data
Creators: name: Hollanders, Jonneke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111499 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Online supplementary file 1 to chapter 9 of the thesis "Early-life endocrine regulation and neurodevelopmental outcomes" by Jonneke J. Hollanders, describing the extracted data of the articles included in the meta-analysis.
Retail Milk Prices in New England, New York, and Seattle: An Unresolved Issue
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Rabinowitz, Adam
name: Schwane, Matthew
name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Rabinowitz, Adam
name: Schwane, Matthew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: milk
subject: dairy
subject: pricing
subject: regulation
subject: New England

description: Last November, the Food Marketing Policy Center conducted a survey of retail milk prices in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and parts of southeast New York (Cotterill, et al., 2002). That look at the price distribution over space aided in answering several questions regarding milk pricing in the region, such as whether prices varied amongst states, channels, chains, and types of milk. Results of The November study indicated that milk prices in New England were high relative to prices in New York, raw milk prices, and estimated costs of processing and distribution. In November 2002, supermarket chains in New England, which dominate grocery store sales, charged an average of $3.01 per gallon of milk (Cotterill et al., 2002 p. 11). Milk sold in convenience stores, wholesale clubs (Sam’s Club, BJ’s, and Costco), and limited-assortment stores (Price Rite, Save-A-Lot, and Midland Farms) was less expensive than in supermarkets, but compared to New England stores, New York supermarket prices were even lower. Chain supermarkets in New York charged $2.42 on average (Cotterill et al., 2002 p. 8). Clearly, differences in processing and handling costs amongst channels and states could not account for all of this pricing discrepancy. While it was originally believed that both processors and retailers are exercising market power, processing cost information obtained from Diary Technomics in March 2003 indicates that retailers are the ones who are charging consumers unconscionably excessive prices for milk. (Cotterill, et al., 2003a).
Milk Pricing Matters for the Sustainability of Dairy Farmers in the Northeast
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: milk
subject: dairy
subject: pricing
subject: New England
subject: price gouging

description: For dairy farming the core of the sustainability issue is regional differences in cost of production and prices received for raw milk. Consumers are always going to drink milk. The critical question is where is it going to come from? This paper will not address regional cost of production differences.1 Here the focus is on regional price differences, which are often ignored and assumed to be unimportant for the survival of the Northeast dairy industry. Nothing could be further from the truth. The organization and the performance of the farm to retail milk marketing channel and the role of state and federal policy nationally as well as in regions, are critical determinants of the prices that Northeast farmers receive.
Current rates of purchasing of antibiotics without a prescription across sub-Saharan Africa; rationale and potential programmes to reduce inappropriate dispensing and resistance
Creators: name: Sono, Tiyani Milta
name: Yeika, Eugene
name: Cook, Aislinn
name: Kalungia, Aubrey
name: Opanga, Sylvia A.
name: Acolatse, Joseph Elikem Efui
name: Sefah, Israel Abebrese
name: Jelić, Ana Golić
name: Campbell, Stephen
name: Lorenzetti, Giulia
name: Mustafa, Zia Ul
name: Marković-Peković, Vanda
name: Kurdi, Amanj
name: Paramadhas, Bene D Anand
name: Rwegerera, Godfrey Mutashambara
name: Amu, Adefolarin A
name: Alabi, Mobolaji Eniola
name: Wesangula, Evelyn
name: Oluka, Margaret
name: Khuluza, Felix
name: Chikowe, Ibrahim
name: Fadare, Joseph O.
name: Ogunleye, Olayinka O.
name: Kibuule, Dan
name: Hango, Ester
name: Schellack, Natalie
name: Ramdas, Nishana
name: Massele, Amos
name: Mudenda, Steward
name: Hoxha, Iris
name: Moore, Catrin E.
name: Godman, Brian
name: Meyer, Johanna C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern. Currently, the greatest mortality due to AMR is in Africa. A key driver continues to be high levels of dispensing of antibiotics without a prescription. A need to document current rates of dispensing, their rationale and potential ways forward including antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs). A narrative review was undertaken. The highest rates of antibiotic purchasing were in Eritrea (up to 89.2% of antibiotics dispensed), Ethiopia (up to 87.9%), Nigeria (up to 86.5%), Tanzania (up to 92.3%) and Zambia (up to 100% of pharmacies dispensing antibiotics without a prescription). However, considerable variation was seen with no dispensing in a minority of countries and situations. Key drivers of self-purchasing included high co-payment levels for physician consultations and antibiotic costs, travel costs, convenience of pharmacies, patient requests, limited knowledge of antibiotics and AMR and weak enforcement. ASPs have been introduced in some African countries along with quality targets to reduce inappropriate dispensing, centering on educating pharmacists and patients. ASP activities need accelerating among community pharmacies alongside quality targets, with greater monitoring of pharmacists’ activities to reduce inappropriate dispensing. Such activities, alongside educating patients and healthcare professionals, should enhance appropriate dispensing of antibiotics and reduce AMR.
Rapidity Spectra Analysis in Terms of Non Extensive Statistic Approach
Creators: name: Rybczynski, M.
name: Wilk, G.
name: Wlodarczyk, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide description of rapidity spectra of particles produced in p-anti-p collisions using anomalous diffusion approach to account for their non-equilibrium character. In particular, we exhibit connection between multiproduction processes and anomalous diffusion described through the nonlinear Focker-Planck equation with nonlinearity given by the nonextensivity parameter q describing the underlying Tsallis q-statistics and demonstrate how it leads to the Feynman scaling violation in these collisions. The q parameter obtained this way turns out to be closely connected to parameter 1/k converting the original poissonian multiplicity distribution to its observed Negative Binomial form. The inelasticity of reaction has been also calculated and found to slightly decrease with the increasing energy of reaction. Keywords: inelasticity, rapidity spectra, nonextensivity
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Presented at XII International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions, CERN, Switzerland, 15-20 July 2002
title: (Auf) Humboldts Spuren
title: Eine bauforscherische Untersuchung der „Casa Humboldt“ am Antisana in Ecuador
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Salzer, Leonhard
name: Nöbauer, Anna
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 509 Histor., geogr., personenbezogene Behandlung

description: Vor seiner Besteigung des Antisana in Ecuador verbrachte Alexander von Humboldt mit seinem Expeditionsteam die Nacht vom 15. auf den 16. März 1802 in einer Hacienda am Fuße des Vulkangipfels, deren letztes bauliches Zeugnis eine steinerne Hütte darstellt. Bauforscherische Untersuchungen eines internationalen Forscherteams konnten die mehrschichtige Bau- und Reparaturgeschichte dieses Baudenkmals ermitteln und über eine Auswertung von Reiseberichten mehrerer Andenforscher die Nutzungsgeschichte des einzelnen Gebäudes und des gesamten Anwesens klären. Schließlich ergaben sich daraus neue Erkenntnisse zu Humboldts Aufenthalt am Antisana.
description: Before climbing the Antisana in Ecuador, Alexander von Humboldt and his expedition team encamped at a hacienda at the foot of the volcano’s summit in the night from 15 to 16 March 1802. A stone hut is the only structural testimony of this estate that remains today. Through building archaeological investigations, an international team of researchers was able to determine the construction and restoration history of this monument. An evaluation of the descriptions of the hacienda in 19th- and early 20th-century travel accounts clarified the historical use of the estate and, in particular, the existing hut, thus shedding new light on Humboldt’s stay in 1802.
description: Previamente a su ascensión del volcán Antisana en Ecuador, Alexander von Humboldt se hospedó la noche del 15 al 16 de marzo de 1802 en una hacienda al pie del volcán, juntamente con el equipo que le acompañaba en su expedición. Si bien el último atestado que se tenía de esta comprendía una cabaña de piedra, nuevas investigaciones sobre arqueología vertical por parte de un equipo de investigación internacional muestran una nueva historia de construcción y reparación de este monumento histórico. Con ello, se pretende, por una parte, valorar en detalle las crónicas de viaje de múltiples investigadores de los Andes, así como, por otra, esclarecer la historia constructiva y de utilización de la singular edifi cación así como su papel dentro de la propiedad en que se encuentra. A través de esta investigación aparecen nuevos conocimientos sobre la estancia de Humboldt en el Antisana.
description: HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies; 43
Drepanodus Pander 1856
Creators: name: Zhen, Yong Yi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Conodonta
Conodontophorida
Distacodontidae
Drepanodus

description: Drepanodus Pander, 1856
 Type species. Drepanodus arcuatus Pander, 1856.
description: Published as part of Zhen, Yong Yi, 2011, Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China, pp. 203-266 in Records of the Australian Museum 63 (3) on page 222, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.63.2011.1586, http://zenodo.org/record/5239657
2-D spectroscopy and modeling of the biconical ionized gas in NGC 4388
Creators: name: Ciroi, S.
name: Contini, M.
name: Rafanelli, P.
name: Richter, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present recent results from spectroscopic data and modeling of the biconical ionized gas in the Seyfert-2 galaxy NGC 4388. A field of ~2.6 x 2.4 kpc centered on the nucleus has been observed by means of the modern technique of integral field spectroscopy. The analysis of more than two hundred spectra allowed to study the physical characteristics of the gas in the surroundings of the active nucleus. The South-West ionization cone, revealed by the [O III]5007/H-beta excitation map, shows high emission line ratios not completely supported by simple photoionization. Composite models which account for the combined effects of photoionization and shock show that such high [O III]/H-beta line ratios are emitted by low density (n_0=30 cm^-3) gas inside large (D > 1 pc) shocked clouds (V_s=100 km/s) reached by a relatively low flux from the active nucleus. The data of the VEELR in the North-East cone by Yoshida et al. (2002) have been modeled. The results confirm that photoionization is the prevailing mechanism, but nontheless weak shocks are under way between colliding clouds with small (< 1 pc) sizes and low densities n_0 <= 100 cm^-3, moving outward at relatively low velocities (V_s=100 km/s).
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chronos --- Taking the pulse of our Galactic neighbourhood (ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper)
Creators: name: Michel, Eric
name: Belkacem, Kévin
name: Mosser, Benoît
name: Samadi, Réza
name: Haywood, Misha
name: Katz, David
name: Famaey, Benoit
name: Campante, Tiago L.
name: Monteiro, Mário J. P. F. G.
name: Cunha, Margarida S.
name: Miglio, Andrea
name: García, Rafael A.
name: Kjeldsen, Hans
name: Suárez, Juan Carlos
name: Deheuvels, Sébastien
name: Ballot, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The period 2035-50 considered in the ESA Voyage long-term plan will coincide with a series of foreseeable advances in the characterization of the stellar content of the Milky Way. The Gaia mission, combined with large-scale spectroscopic surveys, is helping to build an unprecedented census in terms of the astrometric, kinematic and chemical properties of Galactic stellar populations. Within a decade, precise measurements of such properties will be available for hundreds of millions of stars. Meanwhile, time-domain surveys initiated with CoRoT and Kepler/K2 and carried on by space missions such as TESS and PLATO or ground-based projects like the LSST, will have brought asteroseismology to a high level of maturity. The combination of precise ages from asteroseismology with astrometric and spectroscopic data, on large stellar samples, is allowing Galactic archaeologists to gain new insight into the assembly history of the Milky Way. Recent breakthroughs --- based on the detection of solar-like oscillations in tens of thousands of red-giant stars --- demonstrate the potential of such approach. Therefore, we are convinced that an all-sky, high-cadence, long-duration stellar variability survey will become a scientific priority in the 2035-50 period. The Chronos concept presented here consists in a time-domain extension to Gaia. It will allow for mass and age estimates for half a million red giants within 1.7 kpc from the Sun and hence shed a new light on our understanding of the Galactic dynamics and archaeology. In terms of the targeted pulsators, Chronos will bridge the gap between PLATO and the LSST by surveying stars all the way from the subgiant branch to the early AGB. Finally, it will surpass all previous surveys capable of conducting asteroseismology in terms of the combined sky coverage and duration of the observations (2 x 3.75 months over the whole sky and >5 years in the CVZ).
description: White paper submitted in response to the Voyage 2050 long-term plan in the ESA Science Programme
Two-step flux penetration in classic antiferromagnetic superconductor
Creators: name: Krzyszton, T.
name: Rogacki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of antiferromagnetic order on the mixed state of a superconductor may result in creation of spin-flop domains along vortices. This may happen when an external magnetic field is strong enough to flip over magnetic moments in the vortex core from their ground state configuration. The formation of domain structure causes modification of the surface energy barrier, and creation of the new state in which magnetic flux density is independent of the applied field. The modified surface energy barrier has been calculated for parameters of the antiferromagnetic superconductor DyMo$_{6}$S$_{8}$. The prediction of two-step flux penetration process has been verified by precise magnetization measurements performed on the single crystal of DyMo$_{6}$S$_{8}$ at milikelvin temperatures. A characteristic plateau on the virgin curve $B(H_0)$ has been found and attributed to the modified surface energy barrier. The end of the plateau determines the critical field, which we call the second critical field for flux penetration.
description: EPJ LaTeX style,7 pages, 3 figures. Added new data and references. European Journal of Physics - accepted
Receptive language acquisition in a pediatric population with Pendred syndrome and non-syndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct
Creators: name: Kristianna Mey
name: Percy-Smith, Lone
name: Hallstrøm, Maria
name: Sandvej, Matilde
name: Cayé-Thomasen, Per
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: Children with Pendred syndrome (PS) and non-syndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct (NSEVA) represent a group of pre-lingual hearing-impaired individuals with rehabilitation challenges. Objective: To evaluate receptive language capabilities in a pediatric cohort with PS and NSEVA. Materials and methods: Twenty-four (24) children diagnosed with either PS or NSEVA, were examined using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and compared to a cohort of 55 Danish children with normal hearing, as well as to a mixed group of 29 children with hearing impairment of congenital and hereditary non-syndromal type. In addition, test results were compared to normative data (PPVT-4 US standard scores). Results: PS/NSEVA children’s PPVT-4 test scores fall within the normative data for the PPVT-4 (US) but proved to be significantly lower statistically, when compared to Danish children with normal hearing (pp=.006). Implantation age was significantly later for the PS/NSEVA group (median = 43 months), compared to the mixed non-syndromic hereditary congenial hearing impairment group (median = 11 months). Conclusions and significance: Children with PS/NSEVA perform below age equivalent for receptive vocabulary outcome when compared to both children with normal hearing, and children with non-syndromic mixed hereditary congenital hearing impairment who receive cochlear implants earlier.
Transition Spectra for a BCS Superconductor with Multiple Gaps: Model Calculations for MgB_2
Creators: name: Barabash, Sergey V.
name: Stroud, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the qualitative features in the transition spectra of a model superconductor with multiple energy gaps, using a simple extension of the Mattis-Bardeen expression for probes with case I and case II coherence factors. At temperature T = 0, the far infrared absorption edge is, as expected, determined by the smallest gap. However, the large thermal background may mask this edge at finite temperatures and instead the secondary absorption edges found at Delta_i+Delta_j may become most prominent. At finite T, if certain interband matrix elements are large, there may also be absorption peaks at the gap difference frequencies | Delta_i-Delta_j | . We discuss the effect of sample quality on the measured spectra and the possible relation of these predictions to the recent infrared absorption measurement on MgB_2.
Upregulated HMGB1 levels in maternal–fetal interface of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion from different sources
Creators: name: Wang, Jing
name: Zhu, Damin
name: Yin, Jiaqian
name: Ma, Cong
name: Peng, Xiaoqing
name: Zou, Huijuan
name: Cao, Yunxia
name: Xu, Xiaofeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: To investigate the expression and sources of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in the maternal–fetal interface of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA), and further to verify the role of HMGB1 in the etiology of URSA. 55 women at early pregnancy with URSA and 55 women undergoing selective termination of normal early pregnancy as control were included. The abortion tissues including villi and decidua were collected. The expression of HMGB1, CD45, CK7, and vimentin in abortion tissues was detected, and the localization and sources of HMGB1 were analyzed. Infiltrating immune cells and expression of HMGB1 were significantly increased in villi and decidua in URSA group compared with those in the control group. In the URSA group, HMGB1 was colocalized with the CD45-labeled immune cells, and it was more obvious in decidua than in villi; in addition, HMGB1 was colocalized with the vimentin-labeled decidual stromal cells, but not with the CK7- labeled villous epithelial cells. High expression of HMGB1 in the maternal–fetal interface in URSA patients was actively secreted by the infiltrating immune cells, and decidual stromal cells may passively release HMGB1 during necrosis.
title: Alexander von Humboldt, Therese von Bacheracht, und die „verhängnissvolle Prosa des Lebens“
Creators: name: Sternagel, Renate
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 509 Histor., geogr., personenbezogene Behandlung

description: Ausgehend von einem Brief Alexander von Humboldts an die Schriftstellerin Therese von Bacheracht(1804 – 1852) wird die Geschichte der Herausgabe der Briefe seines Bruders Wilhelm an Charlotte Diede im Jahr 1847, nach dem Tod beider Korrespondenten, nachgezeichnet. Besonders wird dabei auf die bisher unveröffentlichten „Tagesblätter“ Karl August Varnhagens von Ense zurückgegriffen, aus denen hervorgeht, dass Alexander von Humboldt seine anfangs ablehnende Haltung aufgibt, Varnhagen mit der Prüfung und Korrektur des Manuskripts betraut, und dass Therese von Bacheracht durch Hartnäckigkeit und Charme ihr Ziel erreicht, die nicht unbeträchtlichen Einnahmen aus der Veröffentlichung zugesprochen zu bekommen.
description: Using a letter written by Alexander von Humboldt to the writer Therese von Bacheracht (1804 – 1852), this paper tells the story of how Humboldt’s brother Wilhelm’s letters to Charlotte Diede were published in 1847, after the death of both correspondents. The emphasis is placed on the hitherto unpublished daily journals (Tagesblätter) of Karl August Varnhagen von Ense. Not only do they show how gradually Alexander von Humboldt abandons his former adverse attitude towards the project, but also that he asks Varnhagen to proofread the manuscript and that, by perseverance and her charming attitude, Therese von Bacheracht succeeds in obtaining considerable profi ts from the publication of the letters.
description: Sur la base d’une lettre d’Alexander von Humboldt à l’écrivain Therese von Bacheracht (1804 – 1852), on retrace l’histoire de la publication des lettres de son frère Wilhelm à Charlotte Diede en 1847, après la mort des deux correspondants. En particulier, on utilise les «Tagesblätter» inédits de Karl August Varnhagen von Ense, dont il ressort qu’Alexander von Humboldt renonce à son attitude initialement négative, confi e à Varnhagen la révision et la correction du manuscrit, et que Therese von Bacheracht avec persévérance et charme atteint leur objectif de se voir attribuer les revenus non négligeables de la publication.
description: HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies; 43