Bactrocera (Bactrocera) geminosimulata Leblanc &amp; Doorenweerd 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Leblanc, Luc
name: Tsatsia, Francis
name: Doorenweerd, Camiel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Bactrocera
Bactrocera geminosimulata

description: Bactrocera (Bactrocera) geminosimulata Leblanc &amp; Doorenweerd sp. nov. Fig. 6A-E, 9E-G Type material. <b> <i>Holotype</i>.</b> Solomon Islands • &amp;male;; Guadalcanal, forest; -9.4045, 159.8665; 120 m; 4-16 Apr. 2018; L. Leblanc, F. Tsatsia leg.; cue-lure baited trap FFSo022; molecular voucher UHIM.ms09156". Deposited in UHIM. <b> <i>Paratypes</i>.</b> 13 males. Solomon Islands • 4 &amp;male;; Guadalcanal, forest; -9.4072, 159.8664; 153 m; 4-16 Apr. 2018; L. Leblanc, F. Tsatsia leg.; cue-lure baited trap FFSo016; molecular voucher UHIM.ms08673 • 2 &amp;male;; same locality and date as for preceding; -9.4069, 159.8664; 153 m; trap FFSo017 • 2 &amp;male;; same locality and date as for preceding; -9.4064, 159.8671; 145 m; trap FFSo018 • 1 &amp;male;; same locality and date as for preceding; -9.4045, 159.8665; 139 m; trap FFSo022 • 2 &amp;male;; same locality and date as for preceding; -9.4038, 159.8646; 103 m; trap FFSo024; molecular voucher UHIM.ms09155) • 2 &amp;male;; same locality and date as for preceding; -9.4026, 159.8695; 57 m; trap FFSo027; molecular vouchers UHIM.ms09153, UHIM.ms09154. Nine of the paratypes are deposited at UHIM, three at WFBM, and one at USNM. Differential diagnosis. <i>Bactrocera geminosimulata</i> is identical in all points to the sympatric <i>B. simulata</i> (Malloch), only distinguished by a subtle difference in wing infuscation in the presence of a light fuscous tinge as a broad, somewhat triangular area covering much of the middle of the wing, including the areas bordering r-m and dm-cu (Fig. 9E-G); the latter is absent in <i>B. simulata</i> (Fig. 9A-D). The new species can be distinguished from <i>B. bryoniae</i> (Tryon) by the lighter fuscous tinge of the costal band, a narrower anal streak and the largely to entirely black abdomen, whereas the abdomen in <i>B. bryoniae</i> is orange-brown with a narrow black ‘T’ -shaped pattern (Fig. 8). <i>Bactrocera bryoniae</i> is widespread in Australia and New Guinea but is absent from the Solomon Islands. Molecular diagnosis. The COI sequences of <i>B. geminosimulata</i> [N = 4] are similar to those of <i>B. bryoniae</i> [N = 5], but with a minimum of 1.47% pairwise distance. The reference COI dataset only includes <i>B. bryoniae</i> from Australia. The COI sequences suggest no close relationship with <i>B. simulata</i>, and can be used to reliably distinguish <i>B. geminosimulata</i> from <i>B. simulata</i>. Description of adult. <b> Male. <i>Head</i></b> (Fig. 6A). Height 2.02 ± 0.18 (SD) (1.77-2.17) mm. Frons, of even width, 0.98 ± 0.11 (0.83-1.07) mm long and 1.33 ± 0.08 (1.24-1.43) times as long as broad; generally fulvous; anteromedial hump covered by short red-brown microtrichia; three pairs of black frontal setae present; lunule yellow. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex fulvous with two pairs of black vertical setae. Face fulvous with a pair of large circular black spots in antennal furrows; length 0.62 ± 0.07 (0.53-0.67) mm. Gena fulvous, with or without a faint dark fuscous subocular spot; red-brown seta present. Occiput dark fuscous and narrowly fulvous along eye margin; a row of 6-8 black postocular setae present behind eye. Antenna with scape and pedicel fulvous and flagellum fulvous with light fuscous lateral surface; a strong red-brown dorsal seta on pedicel; arista fulvous basally and black distally; length of segments: 0.30 ± 0.03 (0.27-0.33) mm; 0.40 ± 0.05 (0.33-0.43) mm; 0.95 ± 0.07 (0.89-1.03) mm. <i>Thorax</i> (Fig. 6B). Scutum black with small orange-brown markings anterior and posterior to lateral postsutural vitta. Pleural areas black. Yellow markings: postpronotal lobe; notopleuron; moderately broad paired lateral postsutural vitta, tapering posteriorly and ending before intra-alar seta posteriorly; moderately broad anepisternal stripe with anterior margin straight, ending before anterior notopleural seta dorsally; a large transverse spot on katepisternum below the anepisternal stripe; anterior ¾ of anatergite and katatergite (posteriorly black). Mediotergite black. Scutellum yellow with narrow black basal band. Setae: 1 pair scutellar; 1 pair prescutellar acrostichal; 1 pair intra-alar; 1 pair postalar; 1 pair postsutural supra-alar; 1 pair anepisternal; 2 pairs notopleural; 2 pairs scapular; all setae well developed and black. <i>Legs</i> (Fig. 6E). Coxae and trochanters black. Remainder of legs fulvous with hind tibia tending fuscous to dark fuscous. Fore femur with a row of long dark dorsal setae. Mid-tibia with an apical black spur. <i>Wing</i> (Fig. 9E-G). Length 6.4 ± 0.4 (5.9-6.9) mm; basal costal and costal cells fulvous with microtrichia in posterodistal corner of costal cell; broad dark fuscous costal band confluent with R4+5, ending between R4+5 and medial vein; light fuscous tinge as a broad, somewhat triangular area covering much of the middle of the wing, including the areas bordering r-m and dm-cu (absent in <i>B. simulata</i>); broad dark fuscous anal streak; dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1 + CuA2; supernumerary lobe moderately developed. <i>Abdomen</i> (Fig. 6C, D). Oval with tergites not fused; pecten present on tergite III; posterior lobe of surstylus short; abdominal sternite V with a deep concavity on posterior margin. Base of syntergite I+II wider than long. Syntergite I+II black except for yellow along posterior half of and narrowly orange-brown along anterior margin of tergite II. Tergites III-V entirely black or with two broad longitudinal orange-brown areas running from center of tergite IV to posterior margin of tergite V, each side of a broad medial longitudinal dull black stripe. Ceromata on tergite V black. Abdominal sternites black. <b>Female.</b> Unknown Male attractant. Cue-lure. Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition, derived from the Latin noun <i>geminus</i> (twins) and the epithet of the sympatric and morphologically nearly identical <i>B. simulata</i> (Malloch). Notes. <i>Bactrocera geminosimulata</i> was included as <i>B.</i> spSol12 in Doorenweerd et al. (2020).
description: Published as part of <i>Leblanc, Luc, Tsatsia, Francis &amp; Doorenweerd, Camiel, 2021, Novel lures and COI sequences reveal cryptic new species of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Solomon Islands (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini), pp. 49-103 in ZooKeys 1057</i> on page 49, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375
description: {"references": ["Doorenweerd, C, Jose, MS, Leblanc, L, Barr, N, Geib, S, Chung, AYC, Dupuis, J, Ekayanti, A, Fiegalan, ER, Hemachandra, KS, Chia-lung, MAH, 2020. DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the COI gene, introgression, and standardization. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510"]}