cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Near-infrared saturable and reverse saturable absorption of ion beam synthesized VO2 nanocrystals
Creators: name: Mundry, Jan
name: Krenner, Hubert J.
name: Karl, Helmut
name: Betz, Markus
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530
subject: Vanadiumdioxid
subject: Nanopartikel
subject: Oberflächenplasmonresonanz
subject: Phasenumwandlung

description: We investigate the nonlinear optical response of a thin film of ion-implanted VO2 nanocrystals with open aperture z-scans involving femtosecond near-infrared pulses. Beyond the established nonlinearity related to the insulator-metal phase transition of VO2, the metallic state features a pronounced saturable absorption for 100 fs pulses from a modelocked Yb:fiber source at = 1036 nm. In contrast, we find a pronounced reverse saturable absorption for 90 fs pulses in the telecom window at = 1550 nm. We attribute these nonlinearities to a transient red-shift of the plasmonic resonance of the nanocrystals, in line with the temperature dependence of the linear absorption and the theoretical expectation for electronic heating. Details of the transmissivity characteristics can be tailored by the lattice temperature and/or the size of the nanocrystals. The results hold promise for the use of VO2 nanocrystals as a saturable absorber, e.g., to mode-locked near-infrared lasers.
description: Optical materials express;Vol. 10, Issue 7, pp. 1630-1640
Gradient-enhanced modelling of damage for rate-dependent material behaviour - a parameter identification framework
Creators: name: Schulte, Robin
name: Ostwald, Richard
name: Menzel, Andreas
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Rate-dependent material behaviour
subject: Gradient-enhanced damage at large strains
subject: Parameter identification
subject: Finite elements
subject: 620
subject: 670
subject: Stoffeigenschaft
subject: Werkstoffschädigung
subject: Konstruktionsdaten
subject: Finite-Elemente-Methode

description: The simulation of complex engineering components and structures under loads requires the formulation and adequate calibration of appropriate material models. This work introduces an optimisation-based scheme for the calibration of viscoelastic material models that are coupled to gradient-enhanced damage in a finite strain setting. The parameter identification scheme is applied to a self-diagnostic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer, where so-called mechanophore units are incorporated within the polymeric microstructure. The present contribution, however, focuses on the purely mechanical response of the material, combining experiments with homogeneous and inhomogeneous states of deformation. In effect, the results provided lay the groundwork for a future extension of the proposed parameter identification framework, where additional field-data provided by the self-diagnostic capabilities can be incorporated into the optimisation scheme.
description: Materials;13(14)
Probing the nanohydrodynamics at liquid-solid interfaces using thermal motion
Creators: name: Joly, L.
name: Ybert, C.
name: Bocquet, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a new method to characterize nano-hydrodynamic properties at the liquid/solid interface relying solely on the measurement of the thermal motion of confined colloids. Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) to probe the diffusion of the colloidal tracers, this optical technique --equivalent in spirit to the microrheology technique used for bulk properties-- is able to achieve nanometric resolution on the slip length measurement. It confirms the no-slip boundary condition on wetting surfaces and shows a partial slip b=18 +/- 5 nm on non-wetting ones. Moreover, in the absence of external forcing, we do not find any evidence for large nano-bubble promoted slippage on moderately rough non-wetting surfaces.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Modelling and experimental investigation of hexagonal nacre-like structure stiffness
Creators: name: Rouhana, Rami
name: Stommel, Markus
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nacre
subject: Stiffness
subject: Hexagonal tablets
subject: Analytical model
subject: Finite element simulations
subject: Composite
subject: Abaqus
subject: 620
subject: 670
subject: Perlmutter
subject: Steifigkeit
subject: Finite-Elemente-Methode
subject: Verbundwerkstoff
subject: ABAQUS

description: A highly ordered, hexagonal, nacre-like composite stiffness is investigated using experiments, simulations, and analytical models. Polystyrene and polyurethane are selected as materials for the manufactured specimens using laser cutting and hand lamination. A simulation geometry is made by digital microscope measurements of the specimens, and a simulation is conducted using material data based on component material characterization. Available analytical models are compared to the experimental results, and a more accurate model is derived specifically for highly ordered hexagonal tablets with relatively large in-plane gaps. The influence of hexagonal width, cut width, and interface thickness are analyzed using the hexagonal nacre-like composite stiffness model. The proposed analytical model converges within 1% with the simulation and experimental results.
description: J. Compos. Sci.;4(3)
title: Rückkehr nach Rostock
title: Rezension zu Steffen Mau (2019): Lütten Klein. Leben in der ostdeutschen Transformationsgesellschaft. Berlin: Suhrkamp. Zusammengelesen mit Didier Éribon (2016 [2009]): Rückkehr nach Reims. Berlin: Suhrkamp. (Übers. aus dem Französischen Tobias Haberkorn).
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schuster, Nina
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ostdeutschland
subject: Transformation
subject: Rostock
subject: Großwohnsiedlung
subject: DDR
subject: 710
subject: Systemtransformation
subject: Großwohnsiedlung

description: Steffen Mau gelingt es, eigene Erinnerungen und Erfahrungen in der DDR und zu Zeiten der Wende bis zur Aktualität so mit theoretischen und empirischen Erkenntnissen zu verflechten, dass vor dem inneren Auge der Leser*in konturierte Bilder entstehen: vom Alltag in der DDR-Großwohnsiedlung der 1970er und 80er Jahre, von den Umbrüchen in Ostdeutschland ab 1989 und den zahlreichen Problemen, mit denen sich die Menschen in Ostdeutschland durch die politische Transformation und den Anschluss der DDR an die BRD auseinandersetzen mussten und die bis heute Spuren in den individuellen wie sozialen Bezügen hinterlassen haben.
description: Sub\urban;8(1/2)
Graph-based open-ended survey on concerns related to COVID-19
Creators: name: Kawamoto, Tatsuro
name: Aoki, Takaaki
name: Ueda, Michiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis with broad social and economic consequences. We conducted four surveys between April and August 2020 using the graph-based open-ended survey (GOS) framework, and investigated the most pressing concerns and issues for the general public in Japan. The GOS framework is a hybrid of the two traditional survey frameworks that allows respondents to post their opinions in a free-format style, which can subsequently serve as one of the choice items for other respondents, just as in a multiple-choice survey. As a result, this framework generates an opinion graph that relates opinions and respondents. We can also construct annotated opinion graphs to achieve a higher resolution. By clustering the annotated opinion graphs, we revealed the characteristic evolution of the response patterns as well as the interconnectedness and multi-faceted nature of opinions. Substantively, our notable finding is that "social pressure," not "infection risk," was one of the major concerns of our respondents. Social pressure refers to criticism and discrimination that they anticipate receiving from others should they contract COVID-19. It is possible that the collectivist nature of Japanese culture coupled with the government's policy of relying on personal responsibility to combat COVID-19 explains some of the above findings, as the latter has led to the emergence of vigilantes. The presence of mutual surveillance can contribute to growing skepticism toward others as well as fear of ostracism, which may have negative consequences at both the societal and individual levels.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Controlling the structural, mechanical and frictional properties of MoSx coatings by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering
Creators: name: Kokalj, David
name: Debus, Jörg
name: Stangier, Dominic
name: Moldenhauer, Henning
name: Nikolov, Alexander
name: Wittig, Alexandra
name: Brümmer, Andreas
name: Tillmann, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molybdenum disulfide
subject: High-power impulse magnetron sputtering
subject: Thin films
subject: Friction
subject: Inelastic light scattering
subject: 620
subject: 670
subject: Molybdän
subject: Hochleistungsimpulsmagnetronsputtern
subject: Dünne Schicht
subject: Reibung
subject: Dynamische Lichtstreuung

description: Tribology, as the science and technology of interacting surfaces, typically relies on liquid lubricants which reduce friction and wear. For environmentally friendly tribological purposes and applications requiring a liquid-free performance, solid lubricants, such as MoS2 coatings, play an essential role. It is crucial to understand the interplay between the parameters of the coating synthesis and the characteristics of the coating. The impact of the deposition parameters on the structural, mechanical and frictional properties of MoSx thin films, which are synthesized by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering, are studied. The morphology, topography and stoichiometry (2.02 < x < 2.22) of the films are controlled by, in particular, the bias-voltage and heating power applied during the sputtering process. In combination with a low pulse frequency the hardness and elastic stiffness of the MoSx films are enhanced up to 2 and 90 GPa, respectively. This enhancement is assigned to a shortening of the Mo-S bonding lengths and a strengthening in the interatomic coupling as well as to a formation of small-sized crystallites at the surface. The friction coefficient reduces to µ = 0.10 for films with an initial (100) orientation and the mean roughness of the MoSx films decreases below 15 nm by shortening the cathode pulses.
description: Coatings;10(8)
Frohlich mass in GaAs-based structures
Creators: name: Faugeras, C.
name: Martinez, G.
name: Riedel, A.
name: Hey, R.
name: Friedland, K-J
name: Bychkov, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Frohlich interaction is one of the main electron-phonon intrinsic interactions in polar materials originating from the coupling of one itinerant electron with the macroscopic electric field generated by any longitudinal optical (LO) phonon. Infra-red magneto-absorption measurements of doped GaAs quantum wells structures have been carried out in order to test the concept of Frohlich interaction and polaron mass in such systems. These new experimental results lead to question the validity of this concept in a real system.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Data-driven rate-optimal specification testing in regression models
Creators: name: Guerre, Emmanuel
name: Lavergne, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G10 (Primary) 62G08. (Secondary)

description: We propose new data-driven smooth tests for a parametric regression function. The smoothing parameter is selected through a new criterion that favors a large smoothing parameter under the null hypothesis. The resulting test is adaptive rate-optimal and consistent against Pitman local alternatives approaching the parametric model at a rate arbitrarily close to 1/\sqrtn. Asymptotic critical values come from the standard normal distribution and the bootstrap can be used in small samples. A general formalization allows one to consider a large class of linear smoothing methods, which can be tailored for detection of additive alternatives.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000001200 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
When to sell an asset amid anxiety about drawdowns
Creators: name: Rodosthenous, Neofytos
name: Zhang, Hongzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider risk averse investors with different levels of anxiety about asset price drawdowns. The latter is defined as the distance of the current price away from its best performance since inception. These drawdowns can increase either continuously or by jumps, and will contribute towards the investor's overall impatience when breaching the investor's private tolerance level. We investigate the unusual reactions of investors when aiming to sell an asset under such adverse market conditions. Mathematically, we study the optimal stopping of the utility of an asset sale with a random discounting that captures the investor's overall impatience. The random discounting is given by the cumulative amount of time spent by the drawdowns in an undesirable high region, fine tuned by the investor's personal tolerance and anxiety about drawdowns. We prove that in addition to the traditional take-profit sales, the real-life employed stop-loss orders and trailing stops may become part of the optimal selling strategy, depending on different personal characteristics. This paper thus provides insights on the effect of anxiety and its distinction with traditional risk aversion on decision making.
Asynchronous Baseband Processor Design for Cooperative MIMO Satellite Communication
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80302 Computer System Architecture
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The challenges in satellite communication (SatCom) include but not limited to the customary complications of telecommunication such as channel condition, signal to noise ratio (SNR), etc. SatCom system is also prone to transient and permanent radiations hazards. Hence, in spite of the harsh environmental factors (weather phenomena, solar events, etc.), a SatCom system must maintain reliable and predictable communication functions with limited source of power. This paper presents a SatCom system design for achieving both low-power and high fidelity communication. The design uses cooperative multiple input multiple output (MIMO) for spectral efficiency and diversity, low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding for near Shannon limit gain, and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS)- assisted asynchronous circuit designs to achieve low-power and fault tolerance. The MIMO system permits uninterrupted service in the event of temporary/permanent link or unit failures. The results show that the resilience against injected radiation levels of up to about 25 fempto-Coulombs on critical path is achieved. This is more than 600 times the minimum charge required to logically flip a gate output in ordinary static CMOS gate.
Surface tension and interfacial fluctuations in d-dimensional Ising model
Creators: name: Kaupuzs, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface tension of rough interfaces between coexisting phases in 2D and 3D Ising models are discussed in view of the known results and some original calculations presented in this paper. The results are summarised in a formula, which allows to interpolate the corrections to finite-size scaling between two and three dimensions. The physical meaning of an analytic continuation to noninteger values of the spatial dimensionality d is discussed. Lattices and interfaces with properly defined fractal dimensions should fulfil certain requirements to possibly have properties of an analytic continuation from d-dimensional hypercubes. Here 2 appears as the marginal value of d below which the (d-1)-dimensional interface splits in disconnected pieces. Some phenomenological arguments are proposed to describe such interfaces. They show that the character of the interfacial fluctuations at d<2 is not the same as provided by a formal analytic continuation from d-dimensional hypercubes with d >= 2. It, probably, is true also for the related critical exponents.
description: 10 pages, no figures. In the second version changes are made to make it consistent with the published paper (Sec.2 is completed)
Odd–even effect for efficient bioreactions of chiral alcohols and boosted stability of the enzyme
Creators: name: Bülow, Mark
name: Schmitz, Alexa
name: Mahmoudi, Termeh
name: Schmidt, Dana
name: Junglas, Fabian
name: Janiak, Christoph
name: Held, Christoph
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 660

description: We describe a holistic approach for achieving a nearly quantitative conversion for an enzymatic reaction while simultaneously increasing the long-term stability of the enzyme. The approach provided chemical control of bioreactions by utilizing newly synthesized tetrahydrothiophene-based ionic liquids (THT ILs). We showcased its power by using THT-ILs as additives at a low concentration (only 10 mmol L−1) in the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-catalyzed synthesis of methylated 1-phenylethanol (Me-PE). We discovered an “odd–even” effect of the IL-cation chain length: Me-PE displayed beneficial interactions with THT ILs having odd-numbered chain lengths and deleterious interactions with those having even-numbered chain lengths. An intermolecular thermodynamic simulation of the bulk phase and critical micelle concentration investigations of the local surroundings of the THT-ILs proved the occurrence of these interactions, and these two methods confirmed the odd–even effect from different perspectives. Additionally, storing the ADH enzyme in pure THT IL at room temperature allowed for a boosted long-term stability of the enzyme (500 times greater than that in aqueous buffer) without the need for freezing.
description: RSC Advances;10(47)
Spin injection in a single metallic nanoparticle: a step towards nanospintronics
Creators: name: Bernand-Mantel, A.
name: Seneor, P.
name: Lidgi, N.
name: Munoz, M.
name: Cros, V.
name: Fusil, S.
name: Bouzehouane, K.
name: Deranlot, C.
name: Vaures, A.
name: Petroff, F.
name: Fert, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have fabricated nanometer sized magnetic tunnel junctions using a new nanoindentation technique in order to study the transport properties of a single metallic nanoparticle. Coulomb blockade effects show clear evidence for single electron tunneling through a single 2.5 nm Au cluster. The observed magnetoresistance is the signature of spin conservation during the transport process through a non magnetic cluster.
description: 3 pages
Effects of Mobility on Latency in a WSN that Accommodates Mobile Nodes
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 100503 Computer Communications Networks
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Several applications have been proposed for mobile wireless sensor networks. Some of these applications require the transfer of a large amount of data in a short period of time. This is challenging, since mobility can lead to a deterioration in the quality of an established link. Frequent link disconnection may in turn require a mobile node to repeatedly establish new links with the surrounding relay nodes to proceed with the data transfer. The new link establishment may cause extra data communication latency and make most of the applications delay sensitive. To evaluate the effect of mobility on latency, this paper first sets up a mathematical model based on a hybrid medium access control (MAC) protocol in mobile scenarios. It then uses NS2 simulation to further analyze the latency associated with mobility. Both results show that the latency increases with an increment in the network density and the duty cycle.
Thermodynamic Limits, Non-commutative Probability, and Quantum Entanglement
Creators: name: Johnson, Joseph F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a rigourous model of quantum measurement. A two-state model of a negative temperature amplifier, such as a laser, is taken to a classical thermodynamic limit. In the limit, it becomes a classical measurement apparatus obeying the stochastic axioms of quantum mechanics. Thus we derive the probabilities from a deterministic Schroedinger's equation by procedures analogous to those of classical statistical mechanics. This requires making precise the notion of `macroscopic.'
description: slightly revised version of published version
In-plane magnetic field-driven symmetry breaking in topological insulator-based three-terminal junctions
Creators: name: Kölzer, Jonas
name: Moors, Kristof
name: Jalil, Abur R.
name: Zimmermann, Erik
name: Rosenbach, Daniel
name: Kibkalo, Lidia
name: Schüffelgen, Peter
name: Mussler, Gregor
name: Grützmacher, Detlev
name: Schmidt, Thomas L.
name: Lüth, Hans
name: Schäpers, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological surface states of three-dimensional topological insulator nanoribbons and their distinct magnetoconductance properties are promising for topoelectronic applications and topological quantum computation. A crucial building block for nanoribbon-based circuits are three-terminal junctions. While the transport of topological surface states on a planar boundary is not directly affected by an in-plane magnetic field, the orbital effect cannot be neglected when the surface states are confined to the boundary of a nanoribbon geometry. Here, we report on the magnetotransport properties of such three-terminal junctions. We observe a dependence of the current on the in-plane magnetic field, with a distinct steering pattern of the surface state current towards a preferred output terminal for different magnetic field orientations. We demonstrate that this steering effect originates from the orbital effect, trapping the phase-coherent surface states in the different legs of the junction on opposite sides of the nanoribbon and breaking the left-right symmetry of the transmission across the junction. The reported magnetotransport properties demonstrate that an in-plane magnetic field is not only relevant but also very useful for the characterization and manipulation of transport in three-dimensional topological insulator nanoribbon-based junctions and circuits, acting as a topoelectric current switch.
description: Main Text (8 pages, 5 figures) + Supplemental Material (13 pages, 10 figures)
"Screening" of universal van der Waals - Casimir terms by Coulomb gases in a fully-finite two-dimensional geometry
Creators: name: Jancovici, B.
name: Samaj, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a continuation of a previous one [Jancovici and Samaj, 2004 J. Stat. Mech. P08006] dealing with classical Casimir phenomena in semi-infinite wall geometries. In that paper, using microscopic Coulomb systems, the long-ranged Casimir force due to thermal fluctuations in conducting walls was shown to be screened by the presence of an electrolyte between the walls into some residual short-ranged force. Here, we aim to extend the study of the screening (cancellation) phenomena to universal Casimir terms appearing in the large-size expansions of the grand potentials for microscopic Coulomb systems confined in fully-finite 2D geometries, in particular the disc geometry. Two cases are solved exactly: the high-temperature (Debye-Hückel) limit and the Thirring free-fermion point. Similarities and fundamental differences between fully-finite and semi-infinite geometries are pointed out.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Higher carbon analogues of 1,4-dihydropyridines as potent TGFβ/Smad inhibitors
Creators: name: Barth, Eva R.
name: Längle, Daniel
name: Wesseler, Fabian
name: Golz, Christopher
name: Krupp, Anna
name: Schade, Dennis
name: Strohmann, Carsten
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Bioisosters
subject: Silicon
subject: Germanium
subject: 1,4-Dihydropyridines
subject: TGF inhibitors
subject: 540

description: The C to Si and Ge exchange in bioactive compounds has often led to positive changes in the molecular properties, whereby Ge analogues are underrepresented. This is only possible at tetrahedral positions, and it is necessary for the analogue building blocks to withstand the synthetic conditions. Here, we present the synthesis of Si and Ge analogues of a TGFβ inhibiting 1,4‐dihydropyridine, which has a tetrahedral carbon in an important position for its activity. The molecular properties are compared by the discussion of the single X‐ray crystal structures and the electrostatic potential on the molecule surface which could play a role in the target interaction. Biological activities show that the C to Si and Ge exchange goes with full preservation of the potency, thus representing good starting points to modify physicochemical features and pharmacokinetics of these TGFβ inhibitors.
description: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry;2020, Issue 2, S. 176-181
Covalent-allosteric inhibitors to achieve akt isoform-selectivity
Creators: name: Quambusch, Lena
name: Landel, Ina
name: Depta, Laura
name: Weisner, Jörn
name: Uhlenbrock, Niklas
name: Müller, Matthias P.
name: Glanemann, Franziska
name: Althoff, Kristina
name: Siveke, Jens T.
name: Rauh, Daniel
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Akt isoforms
subject: Allosteric sites
subject: Cancer
subject: Covalent inhibitors
subject: Isoform selectivity
subject: 570
subject: 540

description: Isoforms of protein kinase Akt are involved in essential processes including cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. However, their individual roles in health and disease have not been thoroughly evaluated. Thus, there is an urgent need for perturbation studies, preferably mediated by highly selective bioactive small molecules. Herein, we present a structure‐guided approach for the design of structurally diverse and pharmacologically beneficial covalent‐allosteric modifiers, which enabled an investigation of the isoform‐specific preferences and the important residues within the allosteric site of the different isoforms. The biochemical, cellular, and structural evaluations revealed interactions responsible for the selective binding profiles. The isoform‐selective covalent‐allosteric Akt inhibitors that emerged from this approach showed a conclusive structure–activity relationship and broke ground in the development of selective probes to delineate the isoform‐specific functions of Akt kinases.
description: Angewandte Chemie International Edition;Vol. 58, Issue 52, 18823-18829
The electrodynamic 2-body problem and the origin of quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Raju, C. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically solve the functional differential equations (FDE's) of 2-particle electrodynamics, using the full electrodynamic force obtained from the retarded Lienard-Wiechert potentials and the Lorentz force law. In contrast, the usual formulation uses only the Coulomb force (scalar potential), reducing the electrodynamic 2-body problem to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE's). The ODE formulation is mathematically suspect since FDE's and ODE's are known to be incompatible; however, the Coulomb approximation to the full electrodynamic force has been believed to be adequate for physics. We can now test this long-standing belief by comparing the FDE solution with the ODE solution, in the historically interesting case of the classical hydrogen atom. The solutions differ. A key qualitative difference is that the full force involves a `delay' torque. Our existing code is inadequate to calculate the detailed interaction of the delay torque with radiative damping. However, a symbolic calculation provides conditions under which the delay torque approximately balances (3rd order) radiative damping. Thus, further investigations are required, and it was prematurely concluded that radiative damping makes the classical hydrogen atom unstable. Solutions of FDE's naturally exhibit an_infinite_ spectrum of _discrete_ frequencies. The conclusion is that (a) the Coulomb force is_not_ a valid approximation to the full electrodynamic force, so that (b) the n-body interaction needs to be reformulated in various current contexts such as molecular dynamics.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
A self-adaptive algorithm to defeat text-based CAPTCHA
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90609 Signal Processing
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart) is almost everywhere in data entry due to automated scripts like bots. Nowadays, text-based scheme is still applied most widely, which typically need the users to answer questions regarding recognition task. In particular, the segmentations of different types of CAPTCHAs are not always the same. As so far, there isn’t any universal way to solve the segmentation problems. In this paper, we present a novel adaptive algorithm and based on that we create a system to defeat several CAPTCHAs at the same time. The CAPTCHA datasets we used are from the State Administration for Industry & Commerce of the People’s Republic of China. There are totally 33 entrances of CAPTCHAs we need to solve. In this experiments, we assume that each of the entrance is known. Results are provided showing how our algorithms work well towards these CAPTCHAs.
Comparison of melatonin and curcumin effect at the light and dark periods on regeneration of sciatic nerve crush injury in rats
Creators: name: Moharrami Kasmaie, Farshad
name: Jahromi, Zohreh
name: Gazor, Rouhollah
name: Zaminy, Arash
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Melatonin
subject: curcumin
subject: nerve injury
subject: anti-inflammatory
subject: antioxidant
subject: crush
subject: 610

description: Being one of the acute clinical problems, peripheral nerve injury can bring about a number of consequences in- cluding severe disability, redu ced Quality of life (QOL) and immense costs. Currently, melatonin and curcumin are widely applied because of their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective and antioxidant prop- erties. The present stud y aims to compare the effects of melatonin and curcumin during light and dark periods on sciatic nerve crush injury repair. Acco rdingly, rats received IP injections of curcumin (100 mg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) over two periods of light (9:00 a.m.) and dark (9 :00 p.m.) for 4 weeks. In order to evaluate rats, func- tional (walking track analysis and electrophysiological measurements), histomorphometric and gastrocnemius muscle mass investigations were administered. No statis tically significant difference was identified between dark and light curcumin groups while curcumin groups displayed better results than did melatonin groups. In addition, dark melatonin group displayed better results than the light melatonin. On the whole, this study found that mela- tonin and curcumin can be used to quicken neural recovery and help treat nerve injury. It was also found that better neuroregeneration or nerve regeneration was induced when ra ts were treated by melatonin during the dark period while effects and injection time did not correlate in curcum in application.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
Motivating Good Practices for the Creation of Contiguous Area Cartograms
Creators: name: Tingsheng, Shi
name: Duncan, Ian K.
name: Chang, Yen-Ning
name: Gastner, Michael T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cartograms are maps in which the areas of regions (e.g., countries or provinces) are proportional to a thematic mapping variable (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it keeps geographically adjacent regions connected. Over the past few years, several web tools have been developed for the creation of contiguous cartograms. However, most of these tools do not advise how to use cartograms correctly. To mitigate these shortcomings, we attempt to establish good practices through our recently developed web application go-cart.io: (1) use cartograms to show numeric data that add up to an interpretable total, (2) present a cartogram alongside a conventional map that uses the same color scheme, (3) indicate whether the data for a region are missing, (4) include a legend so that readers can infer the magnitude of the mapping variable, (5) if a cartogram is presented electronically, assist readers with interactive graphics.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cartography and GIS
Brightness constraint for cooling models of young neutron stars
Creators: name: Grigorian, Hovik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the systematics of neutron star cooling curves with three representative masses from the most populated interval of the estimated mass distribution for compact objects. The cooling simulations are made in the framework of the nuclear medium cooling (NMC) scenario using different combinations of possible nucleon-nucleon pairing gaps. Possible heating or enhanced cooling mechanisms in the crust are not considered. We define a constraint on the highest possible temperatures for a given age of young neutron stars and show that this limits the freedom of modeling pairing gaps and crust properties.
description: 13 pages 2 figures 1 table
Hesperidin ameliorates bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3/AMPK and IκBα/NF-κB pathways
Creators: name: Zhou, Zheng
name: Kandhare, Amit D.
name: Kandhare, Anwesha A.
name: Bodhankar, Subhash L.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: AMPK
subject: bleomycin
subject: hesperidin
subject: IκBα
subject: NF-κB
subject: Nrf2
subject: pulmonary fibrosis
subject: Smad3
subject: TGF- β 1
subject: 610

description: Bleomycin (BLM) is a chemotherapeutic agent which is associated with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) due to its chronic administration. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antiapoptotic potential. To eval uate the therapeutic potential of hesperidin against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and deciph er its possible mechanism of action. Intraperitoneal administration of BLM (6 IU/kg) caused induction of IPF in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with hesperidin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days, followed by estimation of various parameters in ronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung. Hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) administration significantly meliorated (p < 0.05) alterations induced by BLM in lung index, percent oxygen saturation, serum ALP and LDH levels, BALF differential cell count, and lung function test. Elevated levels of oxido-nitrosative stress, hydroxyproline, and myeloperoxidase levels in BALF and lung were significantly decreased by hesperid in on day 14. Hesperidin significantly inhibited BLM-induced down-regulated lung Nrf2 an d HO-1 as well as up-regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, collagen-1, TGF-β, and Smad-3 mRNA expressions. Western blot analysis showed that alteration in lung NF-κ B, Iκ B α , AMPK, and PP2C-α protein expressions were ameliorated by hesperidin on day 28. Furthermore, BLM induced histological and ultrastructural aberrations in the lung which were attenuated by hesperidin treatment. Hesperidin alleviates BLM-induced IPF via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3/AMPK and IκBα/NF-κB pathways which in turn ameliorate the modulation of oxido-inflammatory markers (Nrf2 and HO-1) and pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) to reduce collagen deposition during pulmonary fibrosis.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
Magnetophonon resonance in high density, high mobility quantum well systems
Creators: name: Faugeras, C.
name: Maude, D. K.
name: Martinez, G.
name: Rigal, L. B.
name: Proust, C.
name: Friedland, K. -J.
name: Hey, R.
name: Ploog, K. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the magnetophonon resonance (MPR) effect in a series of single GaAs quantum well samples which are symmetrically modulation doped in the adjacent short period AlAs/GaAs superlattices. Two distinct MPR series are observed originating from the $Γ$ and X electrons interacting with the GaAs and AlAs longitudinal optic (LO) phonons respectively. This confirms unequivocally the presence of X electrons in the AlAs quantum well of the superlattice previously invoked to explain the high electron mobility in these structures (Friedland et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77,4616 (1996).
Logic Tensor Networks
Creators: name: Badreddine, Samy
name: Garcez, Artur d'Avila
name: Serafini, Luciano
name: Spranger, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; I.2.6

description: Artificial Intelligence agents are required to learn from their surroundings and to reason about the knowledge that has been learned in order to make decisions. While state-of-the-art learning from data typically uses sub-symbolic distributed representations, reasoning is normally useful at a higher level of abstraction with the use of a first-order logic language for knowledge representation. As a result, attempts at combining symbolic AI and neural computation into neural-symbolic systems have been on the increase. In this paper, we present Logic Tensor Networks (LTN), a neurosymbolic formalism and computational model that supports learning and reasoning through the introduction of a many-valued, end-to-end differentiable first-order logic called Real Logic as a representation language for deep learning. We show that LTN provides a uniform language for the specification and the computation of several AI tasks such as data clustering, multi-label classification, relational learning, query answering, semi-supervised learning, regression and embedding learning. We implement and illustrate each of the above tasks with a number of simple explanatory examples using TensorFlow 2. Keywords: Neurosymbolic AI, Deep Learning and Reasoning, Many-valued Logic.
description: 68 pages, 28 figures, 6 tables
MicroRNA-9-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer via targeting UTRN
Creators: name: Guo, Zhenyu
name: Huang, Shuchang
name: Zhou, Yihong
name: Cheng, Wenjie
name: Chu, Xi
name: Zheng, Xiaoqing
name: Zheng, Hao
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Prostate cancer
subject: miR-9-5P
subject: UTRN
subject: Prognosis
subject: Cell proliferation
subject: Migration
subject: 610

description: Accumulating evidence indicates that miR-9-5p plays an important role in several diseases, especially tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance and biological function of miR-9-5p in prostate cancer (PCa). Using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, we found miR-9-5p level was significantly down-regulated in PCa tissues and cell lines. The decreased miR-9-5p expression was associated with tumor size, preoperative PSA, Gleason score and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed patients with low level of miR-9-5p had significantly decreased rates of overall survival (OS). Multivariate analyses showed that miR-9-5p was an independent predictor of PCa patients’ prognosis. Through CCK-8 and Transwell assays, miR-9-5p overexpression by miR-9-5p mimics transfection was demonstrated to suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that Utrophin (UTRN) is a direct target of miR-9-5p in PCa cells. The status of UTRN protein in PCa tissues was much higher than that in adjacent tissues by immunohistochemical staining and its mRNA levels were inversely correlated with miR-9-5p in PCa tissues. Importantly, UTRN knockdown by siUTRN imitated the suppressive effects of miR-9-5p on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in PCa. In summary, miR-9-5p might novel prognostic biomarker in and targeting UTRN by miR-9-5p could be potential therapeutic candidates for PCa.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
Improved Harmonic Analysis Based on Quadruple spectrum-line Interpolation FFT with Multiple Cosine Window
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80501 Distributed and Grid Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To improve the accuracy of harmonic analysis in non-synchronous sampling, a new quadruple-spectrum-line(QSL) interpolation FFT algorithm with multiple cosine window is proposed. Firstly, the characteristics in time domain and frequency domain of a multiple cosine window are analyzed, which is 6-term cosine window. Then, the QSL interpolation algorithm is analyzed. And the parameters estimation formulas based on the new algorithm are derived. In the end, the experiments of the algorithm are implemented through the simulated harmonic environment. The experimental results show that the multiple cosine windows have obvious advantages in sidelobe characteristics, which can better suppress the spectrum leakage. And the proposed algorithm can accurately calculate the parameters of each harmonic.
DEMO: BTLEmap: Nmap for Bluetooth Low Energy
Creators: name: Heinrich, Alexander
name: Stute, Milan
name: Hollick, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The market for Bluetooth Low Energy devices is booming and, at the same time, has become an attractive target for adversaries. To improve BLE security at large, we present BTLEmap, an auditing application for BLE environments. BTLEmap is inspired by network discovery and security auditing tools such as Nmap for IP-based networks. It allows for device enumeration, GATT service discovery, and device fingerprinting. It goes even further by integrating a BLE advertisement dissector, data exporter, and a user-friendly UI, including a proximity view. BTLEmap currently runs on iOS and macOS using Apple's CoreBluetooth API but also accepts alternative data inputs such as a Raspberry Pi to overcome the restricted vendor API. The open-source project is under active development and will provide more advanced capabilities such as long-term device tracking (in spite of MAC address randomization) in the future.
description: 13th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks
title: Gene surgery
title: potential applications for human diseases
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: El-Kenawy, Ayman
name: Benarba, Bachir
name: Neves, Adriana Freitas
name: De Araujo, Thaise Gonçalves
name: Ling, Tan Bee
name: Gouri, Adel
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Gene surgery
subject: CRISPR-Cas
subject: Cancer
subject: Diabetes
subject: Obesity
subject: 610

description: Gene therapy became in last decade a new emerging therapeutic era showing promising results against different diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Recently, the genome editing technique for eukaryotic cells called CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) has enriched the field of gene surgery with enhanced applications. In the present review, we summarized the different applications of gene surgery for treating human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, nervous, and cardiovascular diseases, besides the molecular mechanisms involved in these important effects. Several studies support the important therapeutic applications of gene surgery in a large number of health disorders and diseases including β-thalassemia, cancer, immunodeficiencies, diabetes, and neurological disorders. In diabetes, gene surgery was shown to be effective in type 1 diabetes by triggering different signaling pathways. Furthermore, gene surgery, especially that using CRISPR-Cas possessed important application on diagnosis, screening and treatment of several cancers such as lung, liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, gene surgery still presents some limitations such as the design difficulties and costs regarding ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases) and TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases) use, off-target effects, low transfection efficiency, in vivo delivery-safety and ethical issues.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
Oscillations of neutrinos produced and detected in crystals
Creators: name: Dolgov, A. D.
name: Lychkovskiy, O. V.
name: Mamonov, A. A.
name: Okun, L. B.
name: Rotaev, M. V.
name: Schepkin, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze neutrino oscillations in a thought experiment in which neutrinos are produced by electrons on target nuclei. The neutrinos are detected through charged lepton production in their collision with nuclei in detector. Both the target and the detector are assumed to be crystals. The neutrinos are described by propagators. We find that different neutrino mass eigenstates have equal energies. We reproduce the standard phase of oscillations and demonstrate that at large distance from the production point oscillations disappear.