Southern Arizona the Last 12,000 Years: A Cultural-Historic Overview for the Western Army National Guard Aviation Training Site
Creators: name: Whittlesey, Stephanie M.
name: Ciolek-Torrello, Richard
name: Sterner, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: SRI Press
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Santa Cruz Flats
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76829/santa-cruz-flats
subject: San Pedro Valley
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/78866/san-pedro-valley
subject: Santa Cruz River
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76790/santa-cruz-river
subject: Tucson Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2758/tucson-basin
subject: San Pedro River
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79527/san-pedro-river
subject: Casa Grande
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79866/casa-grande
subject: Papaguería Region Arizona
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83738/papagueria-region-arizona
subject: Southern Arizona
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76716/southern-arizona
subject: Historic Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/29/historic-period
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5629/archaic
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5633/hohokam
subject: Protohistoric
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/147/protohistoric
subject: PaleoIndian
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/181/paleoindian
subject: Spanish Colonial Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/4007/spanish-colonial-period
subject: Trincheras
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/78/trincheras
subject: Yuman
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/82/yuman
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Patayan
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/23/patayan
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Tohono O'odham
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/7898/tohono-oodham
subject: Euroamerican
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/28/euroamerican
subject: Historic Native American
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/30/historic-native-american
subject: Spanish
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/31/spanish
subject: Kohatk
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8482/kohatk
subject: PaleoIndian
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/4/paleoindian
subject: Clovis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/5/clovis
subject: Folsom
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/6/folsom
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8/archaic
subject: Apache
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/72/apache
subject: Early Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/9/early-archaic
subject: Middle Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/10/middle-archaic
subject: Late Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/11/late-archaic
subject: Hodges Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/557/hodges-ruin
subject: McClellan Wash Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3501/mcclellan-wash-site
subject: Gecko site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8749/gecko-site
subject: Pendleton Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81070/pendleton-ruin
subject: Clanton Draw
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81069/clanton-draw
subject: West Branch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/559/west-branch
subject: Cortaro Fan Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81072/cortaro-fan-site
subject: Hawk's Nest site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/561/hawks-nest-site
subject: Ringo site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/2225/ringo-site
subject: Los Morteros
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81073/los-morteros
subject: Rabid Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81076/rabid-ruin
subject: Dairy Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81075/dairy-site
subject: Ventana Canyon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81078/ventana-canyon
subject: La Paloma
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81077/la-paloma
subject: Brickyard
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81080/brickyard
subject: El Arbolito
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81082/el-arbolito
subject: Valencia Road
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81081/valencia-road
subject: Lehner Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98492/lehner-site
subject: Point of Pines
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/572/point-of-pines
subject: Curtis Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98491/curtis-site
subject: Naco
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22461/naco
subject: Arroyo Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81086/arroyo-site
subject: Lonetree Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98494/lonetree-site
subject: Buried Dune
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81085/buried-dune
subject: Leikem
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98493/leikem
subject: Escapule
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22463/escapule
subject: Dakota Wash
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81088/dakota-wash
subject: Marana Platform Mound Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98496/marana-platform-mound-site
subject: Shelltown
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3904/shelltown
subject: Hardy SIte
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81087/hardy-site
subject: Los Robles Archaeological District
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98495/los-robles-archaeological-district
subject: Ventana Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22465/ventana-cave
subject: Houghton Road site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81090/houghton-road-site
subject: Murray Springs
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98498/murray-springs
subject: Jackrabbit Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/20930/jackrabbit-ruin
subject: Mesa Top Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98497/mesa-top-site
subject: Rosemont
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98500/rosemont
subject: Cake Ranch Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81091/cake-ranch-site
subject: Ramsey Canyon Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98499/ramsey-canyon-complex
subject: Second Canyon Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98502/second-canyon-ruin
subject: Ripley
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81093/ripley
subject: San Simon Village
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98501/san-simon-village
subject: Batki
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81096/batki
subject: Texas Canyon Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98504/texas-canyon-site
subject: Fortified Hill
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81095/fortified-hill
subject: Tanque Verde Wash Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98503/tanque-verde-wash-site
subject: Redtail Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98506/redtail-site
subject: Valshni Village
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81097/valshni-village
subject: Tres Alamos Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/98505/tres-alamos-ruin
subject: Hind site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5713/hind-site
subject: Tator Hills Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3922/tator-hills-site
subject: Reeve Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/725/reeve-ruin
subject: Milagro Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/16729/milagro-site
subject: Los Rectangulos
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3939/los-rectangulos
subject: Coffee Camp
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/629/coffee-camp
subject: Cerro Prieto
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/26485/cerro-prieto
subject: Snaketown
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/376/snaketown
subject: Brady Wash Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/4743/brady-wash-site
subject: Gatlin site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/2189/gatlin-site
subject: Citrus site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/2190/citrus-site
subject: AZ FF:9:I (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81044/az-ff9i-asm
subject: Matty Canyon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81045/matty-canyon
subject: Gold Gulch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81048/gold-gulch
subject: Double Adobe
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81047/double-adobe
subject: Bat Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81050/bat-cave
subject: Gu Achi
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/154/gu-achi
subject: Tularosa Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81049/tularosa-cave
subject: Sulphur Spring
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81051/sulphur-spring
subject: AZ BB:6:9
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81054/az-bb69
subject: Alder Wash Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81053/alder-wash-ruin
subject: Big Ditch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81055/big-ditch
subject: Gleeson
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81057/gleeson
subject: Mogollon Village
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81060/mogollon-village
subject: Cave Creek
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81059/cave-creek
subject: Babocomari
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81062/babocomari
subject: Kuykendall
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81064/kuykendall
subject: Punta de Agua
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/11432/punta-de-agua
subject: Red Rock Reservoir
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3497/red-rock-reservoir
subject: Slaughter Ranch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81066/slaughter-ranch
subject: Boss Ranch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81065/boss-ranch
subject: Fastimes
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/555/fastimes
subject: Box Canyon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81068/box-canyon
subject: Water World
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/556/water-world
subject: Picacho Pass Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3500/picacho-pass-site
subject: Glass Ranch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81067/glass-ranch
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Quarry
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/293/quarry
subject: Isolated Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/345/isolated-feature
subject: Rock Art
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/361/rock-art
subject: Intaglio / Geoglyph
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/362/intaglio-geoglyph
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Petroglyph
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subject: Settlements
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/252/settlements
subject: Pictograph
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subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Basketry
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subject: Chipped Stone
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subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Historic Background Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/18/historic-background-research
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management

description: This report presents an overview of the prehistoric and historic archaeological resources in the proposed Western Army National Guard Aviation Training site (WAATS) in south-central Arizona prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District (COE). The purpose of this overview was to provide WAATS with a Class I Survey representing the initial step in the assessment of potential impacts to cultural resources in this large region as a result of helicopter over flights and landings between Fort Huachuca in the San Pedro Valley and the Barry M. Goldwater Range in southwestern Arizona. The overview was part of a general literature search and records check, the results of which were submitted under separate cover to the COE. The overview was also done in conjunction with a sample archaeological survey of the 80,000-acre WAATS gunnery range on the Goldwater range. Relevant sections of the overview provided the cultural and historical background for the survey. The overview area encompasses much of south-central Arizona and embraces three major prehistoric cultural regions the San Pedro Valley, Tucson Basin, and the Papaguería. The overview presents brief descriptions of the major known archaeological resources and provides a concise evaluation of our current understanding of archaeological and historical research in each region from 12,000 B.P. to the 1940s. The report is organized by prehistoric, protohistoric, and historic periods and also by region. Previous archaeological investigations in each region are reviewed and important prehistoric and historic research domains or themes are identified. Past research is then reviewed in terms of these themes, and directions for future research are addressed.