cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive Milky Way subhaloes
Creators: name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that dissipationless LCDM simulations predict that the majority of the most massive subhaloes of the Milky Way are too dense to host any of its bright satellites (L_V > 10^5 L_sun). These dark subhaloes have circular velocities at infall of 30-70 km/s and infall masses of [0.2-4] x 10^10 M_sun. Unless the Milky Way is a statistical anomaly, this implies that galaxy formation becomes effectively stochastic at these masses. This is in marked contrast to the well-established monotonic relation between galaxy luminosity and halo circular velocity (or halo mass) for more massive haloes. We show that at least two (and typically four) of these massive dark subhaloes are expected to produce a larger dark matter annihilation flux than Draco. It may be possible to circumvent these conclusions if baryonic feedback in dwarf satellites or different dark matter physics can reduce the central densities of massive subhaloes by order unity on a scale of 0.3 - 1 kpc.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; matches version accepted by MNRAS Letters
Gravitational Waves in Viable f(R) Models
Creators: name: Yang, Louis
name: Lee, Chung-Chi
name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study gravitational waves in viable $f(R)$ theories under a non-zero background curvature. In general, an $f(R)$ theory contains an extra scalar degree of freedom corresponding to a massive scalar mode of gravitational wave. For viable $f(R)$ models, since there always exits a de-Sitter point where the background curvature in vacuum is non-zero, the mass squared of the scalar mode of gravitational wave is about the de-Sitter point curvature $R_{d}\sim10^{-66}eV^{2}$. We illustrate our results in two types of viable $f(R)$ models: the exponential gravity and Starobinsky models. In both cases, the mass will be in the order of $10^{-33}eV$ when it propagates in vacuum. However, in the presence of matter density in galaxy, the scalar mode can be heavy. Explicitly, in the exponential gravity model, the mass becomes almost infinity, implying the disappearance of the scalar mode of gravitational wave, while the Starobinsky model gives the lowest mass around $10^{-24}eV$, corresponding to the lowest frequency of $10^{-9}$ Hz, which may be detected by the current and future gravitational wave probes, such as LISA and ASTROD-GW.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, several statements and references added
The rapid rotation and complex magnetic field geometry of Vega
Creators: name: Petit, P.
name: Lignières, F.
name: Wade, G. A.
name: Aurière, M.
name: Böhm, T.
name: Bagnulo, S.
name: Dintrans, B.
name: Fumel, A.
name: Grunhut, J.
name: Lanoux, J.
name: Morgenthaler, A.
name: Van Grootel, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of a weak surface magnetic field on the normal intermediate-mass star Vega raises the question of the origin of this magnetism in a class of stars that was not known to host magnetic fields. We aim to confirm the field detection and provide additional observational constraints about the field characteristics, by modelling the magnetic geometry of the star and by investigating the seasonal variability of the reconstructed field. We analyse a total of 799 circularly-polarized spectra collected with the NARVAL and ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeters during 2008 and 2009. We employ a cross-correlation procedure to compute, from each spectrum, a mean polarized line profile with a signal-to-noise ratio of about 20,000. The technique of Zeeman-Doppler Imaging is then used to determine the rotation period of the star and reconstruct the large-scale magnetic geometry of Vega at two different epochs. We confirm the detection of circularly polarized signatures in the mean line profiles. The amplitude of the signatures is larger when spectral lines of higher magnetic sensitivity are selected for the analysis, as expected for a signal of magnetic origin. The short-term evolution of polarized signatures is consistent with a rotational period of 0.732 \pm 0.008 d. The reconstructed magnetic topology unveils a magnetic region of radial field orientation, closely concentrated around the rotation pole. This polar feature is accompanied by a small number of magnetic patches at lower latitudes. No significant variability in the field structure is observed over a time span of one year. The repeated observation of a weak photospheric magnetic field on Vega suggests that a previously unknown type of magnetic stars exists in the intermediate-mass domain. Vega may well be the first confirmed member of a much larger, as yet unexplored, class of weakly-magnetic stars.
description: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics. Abstract shortened to respect the arXiv limit of 1920 characters
Notiz über das Bohrloch bei Sulz (Nachschrift zu S. 119-129)
Creators: name: Eck, Heinrich von
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 47, 1891
Garnering Evidence for the Role of Environmental Cadmium Exposure in Prostate Cancer Progression
Creators: name: Ali, Rama
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Cadmium is an environmental contaminant that poses several health risks. Early epidemiological studies suggested that cadmium was associated with prostate cancer mortality. However, more recent studies showed conflicting evidence. Our hypothesis is that environmental cadmium overburdern can cause an existing cancer to be more aggressive. Most published in vitro studies addressing the association between cadmium and prostate cancer employed very high micromolar concentrations that are not environmentally relevant. In our study, we showed that cadmium at environmentally relevant concentrations resulted in increased PC3 and LAPC4 growth in 3D cultures but not in 2D cultures. We also showed that cadmium is associated with increased migration of PC3 via increased levels of TCTP and PLK1 phosphorylation. Our results also showed that exposure of nude mice with subcutaneous xenografts of LAPC4 to cadmium in drinking water was associated with increased growth of subcutaneous xenografts at 20 ppm dose (1.7 fold). On the contrary, exposure of nude mice with subcutaneous xenografts of PC3 to environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations resulted in decreased tumor volumes at 2 ppm, 5 ppm, and 20 ppm suggesting differential effects of cadmium on tumor models. Transcriptome analysis of LAPC4 xenografts revealed the dysregulation of several targets such as GMPR, RFX3 and CHRNA2. The role of these targets in prostate cancer progression is yet to be understood. However, our results suggest that cadmium at environmentally relevant concentrations increases the aggressiveness of an already existing prostate cancer.
Long-distance practical quantum key distribution by entanglement swapping
Creators: name: Scherer, Artur
name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Tittel, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model for practical, entanglement-based long-distance quantum key distribution employing entanglement swapping as a key building block. Relying only on existing off-the-shelf technology, we show how to optimize resources so as to maximize secret key distribution rates. The tools comprise lossy transmission links, such as telecom optical fibers or free space, parametric down-conversion sources of entangled photon pairs, and threshold detectors that are inefficient and have dark counts. Our analysis provides the optimal trade-off between detector efficiency and dark counts, which are usually competing, as well as the optimal source brightness that maximizes the secret key rate for specified distances (i.e. loss) between sender and receiver.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures; published in Optics Express
Petri Nets Model Checking with EnPAC
Creators: name: He, Cong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Model Checking

description: This VM contains the source code of EnPAC and experiment materials in the paper. The user name and password are vmcai. The artifact's path is /home/vmcai/EnPAC_Artifacts. Please check the README.txt file in the home directory first.
Übersicht und Besprechung der in Württemberg und Hohenzollern in der Zeit vom 1. März 1889 bis zum 1. März 1891 wahrgenommen Erderschütterungen
Creators: name: Schmidt, August
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 47, 1891
Weak disorder: anomalous transport and diffusion are normal yet again
Creators: name: Khoury, M.
name: Lacasta, A. M.
name: Sancho, J. M.
name: Lindenberg, Katja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particles driven through a periodic potential by an external constant force are known to exhibit a pronounced peak of the diffusion around a critical force that defines the transition between locked and running states. It has recently been shown both experimentally and numerically that this peak is greatly enhanced if some amount of spatial disorder is superimposed on the periodic potential. Here we show that beyond a simple enhancement lies a much more interesting phenomenology. For some parameter regimes the system exhibits a rich variety of behaviors from normal diffusion to superdiffusion, subdiffusion and even subtransport.
description: Substantial improvements in presentation
Simulation vorgemischter Flammen mittels integraler Reaktionszonenmodellierung
Creators: name: Bruzzese, Christian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Verbrennung
vorgemischte Flammen
numerische Strömungssimulation
integrale Reaktionszonenmodellierung
Level-Set

description: Ein neuartiges Verfahren zur effizienten Simulation vorgemischter Flammen mit der Level-Set-Methode wird vorgestellt. Die Brenngeschwindigkeit in der Reaktionszone wird über eine integrale Analyse hergeleitet. Die Formulierung der Modellgleichungen erlaubt eine Implementierung in CFD-Programmen mit gängigen Diskretisierungsverfahren. Das Modell und dessen Implementierung in OpenFOAM werden anhand der Analyse von DNS-Daten und der Nachrechnung eines Experiments validiert und verifiziert.
Geognostische Betrachtung des Schüttergebiets
Creators: name: Regelmann, Christian
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 47, 1891
A Method for 21cm Power Spectrum Estimation in the Presence of Foregrounds
Creators: name: Liu, Adrian
name: Tegmark, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 21cm tomography promises to be a powerful tool for estimating cosmological parameters, constraining the epoch of reionization, and probing the so-called dark ages. However, realizing this promise will require the extraction of a cosmological power spectrum from beneath overwhelmingly large sources of foreground contamination. In this paper, we develop a unified matrix-based framework for foreground subtraction and power spectrum estimation, which allows us to quantify the errors and biases that arise in the power spectrum as a result of foreground subtraction. We find that existing line-of-sight foreground subtraction proposals can lead to substantial mode-mixing as well as residual noise and foreground biases, whereas our proposed inverse variance foreground subtraction eliminates noise and foreground biases, gives smaller error bars, and produces less correlated measurements of the power spectrum. We also numerically confirm the intuitive belief in the literature that 21cm foreground subtraction is best done using frequency rather than angular information.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures; replaced with accepted PRD version (minor editorial changes to text; methods, results, and conclusions unchanged)
Experimental study of gaseous heat transfer in microchannels with integrated temperature sensors
Creators: name: Vittoriosi, Alice
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Integrated temperature sensors
microchannels
rarefied gases

description: To answer the need of experimental data for flows in microstructured devices, two different techniques for integrating temperature sensors in microchannels have been developed and characterized. The main feature of the proposed approach is the flexibility towards different applications. To validate the integrated systems, heat transfer of gases was chosen as study case. Different tests were undertaken to characterize the measuring systems and highlight the main features of each approach.
Breaking Local Baryon and Lepton Number at the TeV Scale
Creators: name: Perez, Pavel Fileviez
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple models are proposed where the baryon and lepton number are gauged and spontaneously broken near the weak scale. The models use a fourth generation that is vector-like with respect to the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions to cancel anomalies. One does not need large Yukawa couplings to be consistent with the experimental limits on fourth generation quark masses and hence the models are free of Landau poles near the weak scale. We discuss the main features of simple non-supersymmetric and supersymmetric models. In these models the light neutrino masses are generated through the seesaw mechanism and proton decay is forbidden even though B and L are broken near the weak scale. For some values of the parameters in these models baryon and/or lepton number violation can be observed at the Large Hadron Collider.
description: minor corrections, to appear in JHEP
The lateral distribution of radio signals from cosmic ray air showers
Creators: name: Fuchs, Benjamin Lothar
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: cosmic ray
radio
lateral distribution
astroparticle physics

description: This work deals with radio signals emitted by air showers in context of AERA, the Auger Engineering Radio Array at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Several new analysis and reconstruction methods are presented, including a reconstruction of the complete E-field vector and comparisons of measured E-fields with state of the art radio simulations. Furthermore, a reconstruction of the cosmic ray energy based on the LDF of the radio signals is discussed.
title: Stability and aggregation of microplastics suspended in aqueous media
Creators: name: Asoodeh, Raziye
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) has become a significant problem due to their non-biodegradable nature and ingestion by marine life. This study focused on three types of microplastics of approximate size 1 μm: polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs), carboxylate-modified polystyrene (PS-COOH), and amine-modified polystyrene (PS-NH2). Their behavior was investigated in aqueous media at pH 5 and 9, with the inclusion of humic acid, different ions (Mg2+ or Na+) with ionic strength (IS) range (3mM and 15mM), and kaolinite. Results showed that a divalent cation, Mg2+, promoted aggregation by causing compression of the electric double layer. In lower IS scenarios, repulsion forces generated by electrical charges led to the stability of the PSMPs, inhibiting aggregation. Also, generally, suspensions were more unstable at higher pH values as the surface charge on microplastics may reverse, leading to reduced electrostatic repulsion. Humic acid improved the stability of suspensions through electrostatic or steric repulsion forces. Conversely, kaolinite reduced electrostatic repulsion, making suspensions less stable. Moreover, PS-NH2 suspensions generally exhibited stability with high energy barriers, affected by kaolinite and IS. PS-COOH suspensions remained stable in higher IS NaCl, suggesting that the carboxylic acid groups contributed to their stability. These findings contribute to developing strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of microplastics.
Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Lichenflora Württembergs und Hohenzollerns
Creators: name: Rieber, X.
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 47, 1891
Mikrobielle und enzymatische Hydrolyse von cyclischen Dipeptiden (Diketopiperazine) sowie Etablierung von Analysemethoden zum Nachweis der Edukte und Produkte
Creators: name: Perzborn, Mareike
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Diketopiperazine
Dipeptide
Hydrolyse
Biotransformation
HPLC

description: The enzymatic and microbial cleavage of diketopiperazines (cyclic dipeptides) was studied. An HPLC analysis was established for quantitation of the reaction. Five approaches to identify biocatalysts for DKP degradation were investigated: peptidases, screening, strains reported for DKP hydrolysis, strains hydrolyzing other cyclic amides, and identification of novel isolates for the enantioselective DKP hydrolysis. Altogether, five bacterial strains were newly identified for DKP degradation.
Fast time variations of supernova neutrino fluxes and their detectability
Creators: name: Lund, Tina
name: Marek, Andreas
name: Lunardini, Cecilia
name: Janka, Hans-Thomas
name: Raffelt, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the delayed explosion scenario of core-collapse supernovae (SNe), the accretion phase shows pronounced convective overturns and a low-multipole hydrodynamic instability, the standing accretion shock instability (SASI). These effects imprint detectable fast time variations on the emerging neutrino flux. Among existing detectors, IceCube is best suited to this task, providing an event rate of ~1000 events per ms during the accretion phase for a fiducial SN distance of 10 kpc, comparable to what could be achieved with a megaton water Cherenkov detector. If the SASI activity lasts for several hundred ms, a Fourier component with an amplitude of 1% of the average signal clearly sticks out from the shot noise. We analyze in detail the output of axially symmetric hydrodynamical simulations that predict much larger amplitudes up to frequencies of a few hundred Hz. If these models are roughly representative for realistic SNe, fast time variations of the neutrino signal are easily detectable in IceCube or future megaton-class instruments. We also discuss the information that could be deduced from such a measurement about the physics in the SN core and the explosion mechanism of the SN.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures. Final version accepted in PRD. Section on astrophysical relevance and several references added
Collaborative Governance and Public Education: Interlocal Networks and Student Outcomes
Creators: name: Hugg, Victor George
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This dissertation empirically tests the hypothesized relationship between interorganizational collaboration and desired policy outcomes in the domain of public education. These tests are enabled by combining 25 years of archival data derived from interlocal and intergovernmental agreements filed with the Iowa Secretary of State with statistics encompassing 333 public school districts maintained by the Iowa Department of Education. Using methods from network graph theory to operationalize social capital, I examine the consequences of statewide collaborative governance networks oriented around improving student academic performance and decreasing occurrences of undesired behavior (i.e., truancy, suspensions, and expulsions). To determine whether a district's participation and position in these cross-sector, interlocal governance networks improve student outcomes, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. Different types of collaborations were distinguished by reading and classifying all interlocal agreements (ILAs) involving at least one public school district into substantive topics. ILAs concerned with improving academic performance or student discipline were then used to calculate district-level network metrics that served as predictors of performance across a series of panel linear models. Empirical support for the hypothesized relationships between these ILA network metrics and district-level student outcomes was generally found to be weak and inconsistent. ILA collaboration networks may affect individual schools or students within districts differently; due to data constraints, only a district-level analysis was viable, preventing examination of possible heterogeneous effects within districts.
Erschließung neuer Funktionalitäten nanokristalliner Oxidkeramiken
Creators: name: Kleinehakenkamp, Katharina
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012

description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass die elektrische Leitfähigkeit in nanoskaligem Zirkoniumdioxid durch eine Dotierung mit aliovalenten Elementen erhöht werden kann. Untersucht wurden hauptsächlich die Dotierungen mit Molybdän und Antimon sowie eine Codotierung dieser beiden Elemente. Dazu wurde dotiertes nanokristallines ZrO2 mit Korngrößen zwischen 25nm und 103nm hergestellt.
Entwurf von Ein- und Auslaufbauwerken von Pumpspeicherwerken
Creators: name: Mohringer, Thomas
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Ein- und Auslaufbauwerk
Pumpspeicher
Wasserkraft
Hybride Modellierung

description: Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Entwurf von Ein- und Auslaufbauwerken von Pumpspeicherwerken. Es wird ein neuartiges Bauwerkskonzept vorgestellt und die Funktion unterschiedlicher Bauwerkselemente untersucht. Dann wird eine Vorgehensweise zur Optimierung mit Hilfe hydrodynamisch-numerischer 3D-Simulationen entwickelt und diese, an einem geplanten Projekt angewendet und durch umfangreiche Vergleichsmessungen in einem physikalischen Modell überprüft.
On Effective Action of Multiple M5-branes and ABJM Action
Creators: name: Terashima, Seiji
name: Yagi, Futoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the fluctuations from the classical multiple M5-brane solution of ABJM action which we found in the previous paper. We obtain D4-brane-like action but the gauge coupling constant depends on the spacetime coordinate. This is consistent with the expected properties of M5-brane action, although we will need to take into account the monopole operators in order to fully understand M5-branes. We also see that the Nambu-Poisson bracket is hidden in the solution.
description: 21 pages; v2:version to appear in JHEP
Short-term effects of organic amendments on raspberry root rathogens : Phytophthora rubi and Pratylenchus penetrans
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Naomi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Raspberry fields in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia are often prepared for replanting by fumigating and/or applying broiler manure in order to control soil borne pathogens such as those causing raspberry root rot. Broiler manure applications pose a threat of nitrate leaching and contamination of groundwater, while fumigation poses environmental risks because it is a broad-spectrum biocide. The aim of my research was to evaluate the effectiveness of readily available composts to reduce the impacts of plant parasitic nematodes and Phytophthora rubi and to improve plant growth. In 2013, two outdoor pot experiments using ‘Malahat’ cultivar red raspberry plants were conducted with raspberry field soils naturally infested with Pratylenchus penetrans. The first experiment held during the spring compared two concentrations of two composts, two concentrations of manure, and fumigation, in the presence or absence of P. rubi and arranged in a randomized complete block design. A 72-h flooding period after P. rubi inoculation was used to facilitate P. rubi infection. The second experiment during the summer compared the same amendment treatments without P. rubi inoculation to optimize conditions for P. penetrans. Soil samples taken from each pot were analyzed for nematode populations on the day of planting and at harvest (13 weeks later). The number of shoots and the biomass of shoots and roots were assessed at the end of both experiments, while root rot ratings were performed at the end of the first experiment. P. rubi was not detected in experiment 1 due to suboptimal environmental conditions after inoculation. Broiler manure suppressed root lesion nematode populations and improved plant growth relative to the control nearly as well as fumigation in experiment 1. There was no significant treatment effect on plant growth in experiment 2. However, broiler manure and fumigation did suppress P. penetrans populations relative to the control as in the first experiment. In contrast with earlier field studies, compost treatments did not suppress nematode populations or improve plant growth relative to the control. Overall, plant vigor and nematode suppression in compost treatments were limited. Based on previous compost studies, I speculate that longer experiment periods may be needed in order to detect benefits from composting.
Towards a modified hydantoinase process for the chemoenzymatic production of chiral beta-amino acids - Substrate synthesis, screening, and characterization of novel biocatalysts
Creators: name: Engel, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: hydantoinase
carbamoylase
hydantoinase-process
beta-amino acid

description: The aim of this thesis was to examine the applicability of a modified hydantoinase process to the production of chiral aromatic beta-amino acids. The hydantoinase process employs up to three enzymes for the dynamic kinetic resolution of 5beta-monosubstituted hydantoins via N-carbamoyl-beta-amino acids to beta-amino acids: a hydantoin racemase, a hydantoinase and a carbamoylase. It had to be studied whether these enzymes also show activity towards dihydropyrimidines and N-carbamoyl-beta-amino acids.
Road traffic deaths: A retrospective analysis (2009–2019) in the north of the Italian region Emilia Romagna
Creators: name: Anzillotti, L.
name: Dagoli, S.
name: Calò, L.
name: Maglietta, G.
name: Cecchi, R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: International literature and several national studies demonstrate that alcohol and illicit drugs impair driving abilities, diminishing the level of attention, and cause traffic accidents. In Italy, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is regulated by Articles 186 and 187 of the National Street Code, which defines penalties and fines for the convicted. The aim of this study was the collection of all available data from 2009 to 2019 focusing on deaths related to road accidents in the Unit of Legal Medicine of Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Parma, in order to assess any consumption of alcohol, illicit drugs, and medicinal drugs among drivers. Data were retrieved from autopsy reports found at the Unit of Legal Medicine of Parma University related to 327 subjects who died following road accidents in the Italian areas of Parma, Reggio–Emilia, and Piacenza. The population was divided into subgroups according to age, gender, crash time, and drug positivity. Those in the age group 46 to 65 years old were involved in the most accidents, whereas the category with fewest members included subjects under 26 years old. The majority of road accidents occurred during the daytime and on weekends. Among the toxicological investigations carried out (only for drivers), the highest prevalence was found for alcohol (43.1%), followed by illicit drugs (14.4%) and medicinal drugs (7.8%). The prevalence of alcohol and illicit drugs in combination was 11.8%. Regarding subjects positive for alcohol and illicit drugs in combination, 44.4% had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) > 1.5 g/L and overall, in 61.1% of the total cases a BAC > 0.81 g/L was detected. Our results are in line with national and international studies highlighting the prevalence of high BAC levels in most of the cases. Confirmation analyses on blood collected from people who died following road accidents showed levels of BAC above 0.8 g/L (threshold for penal sanctions) in the majority of the subjects who tested positive for alcohol. They also revealed cocaine, cannabis, and benzodiazepines as the most common illicit drugs and medicinal drugs used, respectively, as demonstrated in several international studies.
Discovery of an extremely bright submillimeter galaxy at z=3.93
Creators: name: Lestrade, J. -F.
name: Combes, F.
name: Salome, P.
name: Omont, A.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Andre, P.
name: Schneider, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Serendipitously we have discovered a rare, bright submillimeter galaxy (SMG) with a flux density of 30 +/- 2 mJy at lambda=1.2mm, using MAMBO2 at the IRAM 30-meter millimeter telescope. Although no optical counterpart is known for MM18423+5938, we were able to measure the redshift z=3.92960 +/- 0.00013 from the detection of CO lines using the IRAM Eight MIxer Receiver (EMIR). In addition, by collecting all available photometric data in the far-infrared and radio to constrain its spectral energy distribution, we derive the FIR luminosity 4.8 10^14/m Lsol and mass 6.0 10^9/m Msol for its dust, allowing for a magnification factor m caused by a probable gravitational lens. The corresponding star-formation rate is 8.3 10^4/m Msol/yr. The detection of three lines of the CO rotational ladder, and a significant upper limit for a fourth CO line, allow us to estimate an H2 mass of between 1.9 10^11/m Msol and 1.1 10^12/m Msol. The two lines CI(3p1-3p0) and CI(3p2-3p1) were clearly detected and yield a [CI]/[H2] number abundance between 1.4 10^-5 and 8.0 10^-5. Upper limits are presented for emission lines of HCN, HCO^+, HNC, H_2O and other molecules observed. The moderate excitation of the CO lines is indicative of an extended starburst, and excludes the dominance of an AGN in heating this high-redshift SMG.
description: Model revised. Accepted as an Astronomy and Astrophysics Letter, 4 pages, 3 figures
Electroweak Processes in the Standard Model and Beyond: Backgrounds to Higgs Physics and Semileptonic Decay Modes
Creators: name: Feigl, Bastian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: This thesis describes several aspects of electroweak processes at the Large Hadron Collider. In the first part an analysis of supersymmetry induced backgrounds to the production of a SM-like Higgs boson in the MSSM is performed. The possible influence of BSM effects on the data-driven determination of non-BSM backgrounds is discussed in the second part of this thesis. Finally, the implementation of semileptonic decay modes for processes involving several electroweak gauge bosons is discussed.
Scale Measurement of Cognitive Distortions and Scale Decision-Making Skill
Creators: name: Rimawi, Omar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: 170102 Developmental Psychology and Ageing
subject: Developmental and Educational Psychology

description: Scale Measurement of Cognitive Distortions and Scale Decision-Making Skill
Health Outcomes of Exposure to Extreme Stress Among Rwandan Adults Born of Genocidal Rape
Creators: name: Glorieuse Uwizeye
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Genocide has profound effects on humanity that go beyond its primary victims, to those conceived during this extremely stressful time. Rape was used systematically as a weapon of genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda in 1994; 350,000 women were raped and between 2,000 and 10,000 children were born as a result. Limited attention has been given to the lived experience of the offspring conceived through genocidal rape. Yet, this population might endure significant effects of the genocide and genocidal rape throughout their lives, including high risk of early onset of poor mental and physical conditions. I summarized the current knowledge via an integrative systematic review of the lived experience of the offspring conceived through genocidal rape. I then conducted a cross-sectional study in Rwanda, using multiple measures including adverse childhood experience and self-reported mental and physical health outcomes to characterize the adult phenotypes and estimate health disparities among the offspring of genocide survivors (aged 24 years) conceived through genocidal rape compared to age- and sex-matched offspring of genocide survivors conceived during the genocide, but not of rape age- and sex-matched offspring of women who were out of the country during genocide. The integrative review revealed that the offspring conceived through rape grapple with their identities as the children of rape perpetrators, often receive poor health care early in life and experience higher rates of mental health problem and discrimination, thus carrying an intergenerational legacy of their mothers’ rape. The cross-sectional study demonstrates that: 1) Rwandan young adults conceived during the genocide compared to sex- and age-matched young adults who were not exposed to genocide have significantly poorer mental and physical health outcomes; and 2) young adults conceived by genocidal rape compared to those exposed to genocide only had additional burdens of poorer mental and physical health outcomes; and 3) the effects of these prenatal exposures were moderated by accumulated adverse childhood experiences. Further studies could focus on mechanistic pathways linking the exposures to outcomes, and prospective studies would allow to better grasp health change as this population ages and determine whether and how genocidal trauma passes to the next generation.
Impact of pore fluid chemistry on mechanical and thermal behavior of clay-based materials
Creators: name: Tabiatnejad, Bardia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The impact of pore fluid salinity on thermal and mechanical properties of clay-based materials are examined in this thesis. The proposed concept for deep geological repository in Canada consists of a series of clay-based material to support the used-fuel bundles in place and minimize the local groundwater infiltration, which is highly saline. The coupled process of local groundwater infiltration and thermal desiccation in the engineered barrier causes the material to experience unsaturated conditions with increased salt content levels. In the previous studies, the behavior of the material has been investigated in the distilled water conditions, which was necessary to consider the change in the pore fluid salinity considering the infiltration of the groundwater. This research investigates the impact of the pore fluid salinity on the mechanical behavior and thermal conductivity of the clay-based materials which are designed to be use in the repository in future. To accomplish this, three experimental testing programs have been carried out. The first experimental program examined the shrinkage and stress-strain behavior of bentonite-sand buffer specimens prepared with high and low salt concentrations. The results were compared to the available data from the literature for the specimens prepared with distilled water. Specimens were dried out in desiccators and installed in triaxial cells. The soil water characteristic, compression and shear strength of the specimens were presented and impact of the pore fluid salinity was discussed. The second experimental program evaluated the effect salinity of the pore fluid on the behavior of the light backfill material in unsaturated conditions. Specimens prepared with distilled water and saline solution were tested and their compressibility and shear strength were discussed. The third experimental program investigated the impact of pore fluid salinity on the thermal conductivity of mixtures of bentonite and silica sand at low and high dry densities. In continue, a number of thermal conductivity prediction models were selected to calculate the thermal conductivity values of the material with distilled water and saline pore fluids. The calculated values were compared to the obtained experimental data and a suitable model for predicting thermal conductivity in the saline pore fluid condition was presented.
Superintegrable Oscillator and Kepler Systems on Spaces of Nonconstant Curvature via the Stäckel Transform
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Angel
name: Enciso, Alberto
name: Herranz, Francisco J.
name: Ragnisco, Orlando
name: Riglioni, Danilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J35, 70H06, 81R12

description: The Stäckel transform is applied to the geodesic motion on Euclidean space, through the harmonic oscillator and Kepler-Coloumb potentials, in order to obtain maximally superintegrable classical systems on N-dimensional Riemannian spaces of nonconstant curvature. By one hand, the harmonic oscillator potential leads to two families of superintegrable systems which are interpreted as an intrinsic Kepler-Coloumb system on a hyperbolic curved space and as the so-called Darboux III oscillator. On the other, the Kepler-Coloumb potential gives rise to an oscillator system on a spherical curved space as well as to the Taub-NUT oscillator. Their integrals of motion are explicitly given. The role of the (flat/curved) Fradkin tensor and Laplace-Runge-Lenz N-vector for all of these Hamiltonians is highlighted throughout the paper. The corresponding quantum maximally superintegrable systems are also presented.
Injury risks and crashworthiness benefits for females and males: Which differences are physiological?
Creators: name: Brumbelow, Matthew L.
name: Jermakian, Jessica S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Previous research has found elevated injury risk for females relative to males in passenger vehicle crashes but has not accounted for ways the crashes themselves differ between these populations. Vehicle curb weight, ride height, safety rating, airbag deployment, and crash configuration all influence injury outcome and often are not well-represented by delta-V alone. This study evaluated the effect of occupant sex on injury risk in front and side crashes while limiting or controlling for non-physiological crash differences. Additionally, the effects of crashworthiness improvements are compared for females and males. NASS-CDS cases from 1998–2015 calendar years involving a belted driver in a front crash or a struck-side driver or right front passenger in a side crash were analyzed. Case vehicle model years were 1989–2016. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of MAIS ≥ 2 and MAIS ≥ 3 injury outcomes for females relative to males as well as the change in risk due to improved crashworthiness. Sex-based differences in occupant age, mass, and stature; crash test rating; delta-V; crash configuration; and vehicle-to-vehicle compatibility were considered either through case selection or the inclusion of additional regression covariates. Before controlling for crash and vehicle differences, female drivers in front crashes had higher estimated overall and body-region-specific risks of MAIS ≥ 2 and MAIS ≥ 3 injury, as consistent with previous findings. After accounting for such differences, all ratios of injury odds for females relative to males were reduced. Females remained at higher risk of MAIS ≥ 2 injury (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42–3.51), especially extremity injury, but had similar odds for MAIS ≥ 3 non-extremity injury (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.56–1.7). While controlling for crash differences in side impacts, none of the estimated injury risk differences by sex were significant at the p ≤ 0.05 level. Estimated benefits of improved crashworthiness were similar or greater for females than for males for most injury outcomes. Female-specific crashworthiness improvements may be required to provide additional protection against AIS 2 extremity injury. Much of the remaining discrepancy in sex-based injury risk can be attributed differences between vehicles and crashes, not to physiological differences. Addressing these differences will require other types of countermeasures.
2D full waveform inversion of shallow seismic Rayleigh waves
Creators: name: Groos, Lisa
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: full waveform inversion
Rayleigh waves
shallow seismics

description: Main objective of this work is the application of 2D full waveform inversion (FWI) to recorded shallow seismic Rayleigh waves. Synthetic studies which are applied in preparation of such an inversion are presented to investigate the significance of different effects (e.g. effects of anelastic damping, influence of P-wave velocity model). Finally, a successful application of 2D FWI to a field dataset acquired on a predominantly depth dependent structure is discussed.
Using Mass Spectrometry to Quantitate and Analyze Bioactive Small Molecules
Creators: name: Cyntthia M Grim
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Metabolomics is the study of small molecules in a biological system. Metabolomics encompasses a wide range of research questions, and therefore requires the use of varied workflows. This thesis contains introduction to targeted and untargeted metabolomics, kinds of mass spectrometers used for each, as well as what kinds of experiments fall under each category. The first project applies fundamental targeted metabolomics techniques to a multiple reaction monitoring assay of catecholamines in cell media to investigate the role of catecholamines as chemical signals in the primary metastasis of epithelial high grade serous ovarian cancer. The majority of the work done focused on optimizing sample preparation, involving the extraction of catecholamines of a DMEM agarose well and matrix removal. The second project details the process of cultivating a unique mammalian-sourced microbial library through untargeted metabolomics coupled with bioinformatics tools.The project focuses on the initial steps involved with developing a microbial library for drug discovery, starting with environmental isolation. This resulted in selecting 37 strains for a drug discovery library from 273 bacterial and 50 fungal isolates through pseudotaxonomic diversity and metabolite diversity.
Ordering dynamics of blue phases entails kinetic stabilization of amorphous networks
Creators: name: Henrich, O.
name: Stratford, K.
name: Marenduzzo, D.
name: Cates, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cubic blue phases of liquid crystals are fascinating and technologically promising examples of hierarchically structured soft materials, comprising ordered networks of defect lines (disclinations) within a liquid crystalline matrix. We present the first large-scale simulations of their domain growth, starting from a blue phase nucleus within a supercooled isotropic or cholesteric background. The nucleated phase is thermodynamically stable; one expects its slow orderly growth, creating a bulk cubic. Instead, we find that the strong propensity to form disclinations drives the rapid disorderly growth of a metastable amorphous defect network. During this process the original nucleus is destroyed; re-emergence of the stable phase may therefore require a second nucleation step. Our findings suggest that blue phases exhibit hierarchical behavior in their ordering dynamics, to match that in their structure.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 supplementary figures, 2 supplementary tables, accepted by PNAS