cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using Fault Injection to Assess Blockchain Systems in Presence of Faulty Smart Contracts
Creators: name: Hajdu, Ákos
name: Ivaki, Naghmeh
name: Kocsis, Imre
name: Klenik, Attila
name: Gönczy, László
name: Laranjeiro, Nuno
name: Madeira, Henrique
name: Pataricza, András
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blockchain has become particularly popular due to its promise to support business-critical services in very different domains (e.g., retail, supply chains, healthcare). Blockchain systems rely on complex middleware, like Ethereum or Hyperledger Fabric, that allow running smart contracts, which specify business logic in cooperative applications. The presence of software defects or faults in these contracts has notably been the cause of failures, including severe security problems. In this paper, we use a software implemented fault injection (SWIFI) technique to assess the behavior of permissioned blockchain systems in the presence of faulty smart contracts. We emulate the occurrence of general software faults (e.g., missing variable initialization) and also blockchain-specific software faults (e.g., missing require statement on transaction sender) in smart contracts code to observe the impact on the overall system dependability (i.e., reliability and integrity). We also study the effectiveness of formal verification (i.e., done by solc-verify) and runtime protections (e.g., using the assert statement) mechanisms in detection of injected faults. Results indicate that formal verification as well as additional runtime protections have to complement built-in platform checks to guarantee the proper dependability of blockchain systems and applications. The work presented in this paper allows smart contract developers to become aware of possible faults in smart contracts and to understand the impact of their presence. It also provides valuable information for middleware developers to improve the behavior (e.g., overall fault tolerance) of their systems.
description: Authors' manuscript. Published in IEEE Access 2020. The final publication is available at IEEE via http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3032239
Quantum Stochastics, Dirac Boundary Value Problem, and the Ultra Relativistic Limit
Creators: name: Belavkin, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that a single-jump quantum stochastic unitary evolution is equivalent to a Dirac boundary value problem on the half line in an extra dimension. This amounts to the equivalence of the quantum measurement boundary-value problem in infinite number particles space to the stochastic calculus in Fock space. It is shown that this exactly solvable model can be obtained from a Schroedinger boundary value problem for a positive relativistic Hamiltonian in the half-line as the inductive ultra relativistic limit, correspondent to the input flow of Dirac particles with asymptotically infinite momenta. Thus the stochastic limit can be interpreted in terms of quantum stochastic scheme for time-continuous non-demolition observation. The question of microscopic time reversibility is also studied for this paper.
description: 20 pages. See other related papers at http://www.maths.nott.ac.uk/personal/vpb/research/evo_equ.html and http://www.maths.nott.ac.uk/personal/vpb/research/ana_cal.html
Astymachus felix Singh and Hayat
Creators: name: Noyes, John S.
name: Higashiura, Yoshimitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Astymachus
Astymachus felix

description: 4. Astymachus felix Singh and Hayat
(Figure 2e)
 Astymachus felix Singh and Hayat, 2005: 62 – 64. Holotype ♀, India, FRID, not examined. Astymachus japonicus Howard; Fatima and Shafee 1994: 117. Misidentification.
 Diagnosis. Female. Length, including ovipositor, 1.25 – 1.45 mm. Body generally yellow, frons suffused pale brown anterior to median ocellus, gena dusky, antenna brown; fore wing generally suffused pale brown with a small, more strongly infuscate area on and below marginal vein and a slightly darker elongate streak parallel to posterior margin proximally; head about 1.8× as long as eye; palp formula 4 – 3; antenna with F1 – F5 strongly transverse, anneliform; linear sensilla only on F6; clava entire; scutellum with about 16 – 18 setae; wings not shortened, fore wing about 3.3× as long as wide, reaching well past cercal plates; marginal vein (Figure 2e) not quite reaching anterior wing margin and about as long as stigmal vein; discal setae (Figure 2e) below marginal vein about as long as distance between them or at least 4× as long as diameter of socket; ovipositor about 2.6× mid tibia and 2.4× gonostylus. Male. Length 0.87 – 1.17 mm. Similar to female; antenna with F1 subquadrate, F2 – F5 strongly transverse, subequal, F6 larger, subquadrate.
 Biology. Unknown.
 Distribution. India (Assam, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh) (Singh and Hayat 2005).
 Material examined. None.
 Comments. Females of this species can be recognised by the relatively long setae on the wing disc. It is the only species known where the setae are as long as the distance between the sockets.
description: Published as part of Noyes, John S. & Higashiura, Yoshimitsu, 2020, The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ı potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae) ı with descriptions of three new species, pp. 665-679 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 670-671, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1747654, http://zenodo.org/record/4290415
"Intellectual difficulties" : redefining the Victorian family’s role in the debate over women’s education
Creators: name: Pecho, Jennifer Grace
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Born in 1849 to upper middle-class parents, Constance Maynard was one of the first women in England to receive a university degree. As an adult Maynard addressed women's education to various academic and governmental bodies and helped to establish a tradition of women's educational institutions in Britain. Her education and career, however, challenged prescriptive notions of "appropriate" gender roles in Victorian society which painted women as only wives and mothers. Maynard authored an unpublished autobiography and a diary written from the age of sixteen. Her writings help to illuminate the public debates surrounding the "Woman Question" and the education of women taking place in Victorian society. Historians of these debates have consistently painted the middle-class family as a bulwark against social change and portrayed the Victorian family as something against which Britain's first generation of college educated women could rebel. Like the historians who have examined her writings, Maynard participated in constructing a dichotomy between the conservative Victorian home and the liberating effects of women's education. She ignores her family's influence on her childhood and adolescent education and separates her adult achievements from her experiences in the Maynard family home. Victorian parents like the Maynards, who, despite institutional and ideological impediments, persisted in educating their daughters, however, confronted questions of defining "appropriate" familial, gender and social relations. Examination of Maynard's writings allows the historian to reconsider the Victorian family's role in the decisions affecting the lives of single, educated and professional women in modern Britain. Maynard's impressions of her childhood home and reflections on the decisions made about her education form the basis for the history of a woman who defied convention, but also for the history of a family which experienced and challenged ideal conceptions of gender roles and relations. Maynard's story enables the historian to write the family into the history of the debates over women's education. Rather than opposing family life to the values of single, Victorian women, Maynard's experiences lend themselves to a more integrated history of gender identity formation and the lived experiences of families in Victorian Britain.
Subarcsecond mid-infrared and radio observations of the W3 IRS5 protocluster
Creators: name: van der Tak, F. F. S.
name: Tuthill, P. G.
name: Danchi, W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations at mid-infrared (4.8-17.65 um) and radio (0.7-1.3 cm) wavelengths are used to constrain the structure of the high-mass star-forming region W3 IRS5 on 0.1'' (200 AU) scales. Two bright mid-infrared sources are detected, as well as diffuse emission. The bright sources have associated compact radio emission and probably are young high-mass stars. The measured sizes and estimated temperatures indicate that these sources together can supply the observed far-infrared luminosity. However, an optically thick radio source with a possible mid-infrared counterpart may also contribute significant luminosity; if so, it must be extremely deeply embedded. The infrared colour temperatures of 350-390 K and low radio brightness suggest gravitational confinement of the H II regions and ongoing accretion at a rate of a few 10^-8 M0/yr or more. Variations in the accretion rate would explain the observed radio variability. The low estimated foreground extinction suggests the existence of a cavity around the central stars, perhaps blown by stellar winds. At least three radio sources without mid-infrared counterparts appear to show proper motions of ~100 km/s, and may be deeply embedded young runaway OB stars, but more likely are clumps in the ambient material which are shock-ionized by the OB star winds.
description: Accepted by A&A; 14 pages, 7 b/w figures
Imports From China and Food Safety Issues
Creators: name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: Buzby, Jean C.
name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: Buzby, Jean C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: China
subject: food imports
subject: food safety
subject: U.S. Food and Drug Administration
subject: FDA
subject: misbranding
subject: labeling
subject: refusals
subject: shipment
subject: violation.

description: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) increased attention to food imports from China is an indicator of safety concerns as imported food becomes more common in the United States. U.S. food imports from China more than tripled in value between 2001 and 2008. Addressing safety risks associated with these imports is difficult because of the vast array of products from China, China’s weak enforcement of food safety standards, its heavy use of agricultural chemicals, and its considerable environmental pollution. FDA import refusal data highlight food safety problems that appear to recur in trade and where FDA has focused its import alerts and monitoring efforts. FDA refusals of food shipments from China suggest recurring problems with “filth,” unsafe additives, labeling (typically introduced in food processing and handling), and veterinary drug residues in fish and shellfish (introduced at the farm). Chinese authorities try to control food export safety by certifying exporters and the farms that supply them. However, monitoring such a wide range of products for the different hazards that can arise at varying points in the supply chain is a difficult challenge for Chinese and U.S. officials.
TDCOSMO II: 6 new time delays in lensed quasars from high-cadence monitoring at the MPIA 2.2m telescope
Creators: name: Millon, M.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Bonvin, V.
name: Buckley-Geer, E.
name: Fassnacht, C. D.
name: Frieman, J.
name: Marshall, P. J.
name: Suyu, S. H.
name: Treu, T.
name: Anguita, T.
name: Motta, V.
name: Agnello, A.
name: Chan, J. H. H.
name: Chao, D. C. -Y
name: Chijani, M.
name: Gilman, D.
name: Gilmore, K.
name: Lemon, C.
name: Lucey, J. R.
name: Melo, A.
name: Paic, E.
name: Rojas, K.
name: Sluse, D.
name: Williams, P. R.
name: Hempel, A.
name: Kim, S.
name: Lachaume, R.
name: Rabus, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present six new time-delay measurements obtained from $R_c$-band monitoring data acquired at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPIA) 2.2 m telescope at La Silla observatory between October 2016 and February 2020. The lensed quasars HE 0047-1756, WG 0214-2105, DES 0407-5006, 2M 1134-2103, PSJ 1606-2333 and DES 2325-5229 were observed almost daily at high signal-to-noise ratio to obtain high-quality light curves where we can record fast and small-amplitude variations of the quasars. We measured time delays between all pairs of multiple images with only one or two seasons of monitoring with the exception of the time delays relative to image D of PSJ 1606-2333. The most precise estimate was obtained for the delay between image A and image B of DES 0407-5006, where $τ_{AB} = -128.4^{+3.5}_{-3.8}$ d (2.8% precision) including systematics due to extrinsic variability in the light curves. For HE 0047-1756, we combined our high-cadence data with measurements from decade-long light curves from previous COSMOGRAIL campaigns, and reach a precision of 0.9 d on the final measurement. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of measuring time delays in lensed quasars in only one or two seasons, provided high signal-to-noise ratio data are obtained at a cadence close to daily.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, 4 Tables, published in A&A
Neutrino Mass Hierarchy, Vacuum Oscillations, and Vanishing U_e3
Creators: name: de Gouvea, Andre
name: Jenkins, James
name: Kayser, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Is the relatively isolated member of the neutrino mass spectrum heavier or lighter than the two closely-spaced members? This question - the character of the neutrino mass hierarchy - is of great theoretical interest. All previously identified experiments for addressing it via neutrino oscillations require that the currently unknown size of the U_e3 element of the leptonic mixing matrix (parameterized by the unknown theta_13 mixing angle) be sufficiently large, and will utterly fail in the limit theta_13=0. For this reason, we explore alternative oscillation approaches that would still succeed even if theta_13 vanishes. We identify several alternatives that require neither a nonzero |U_e3| nor the presence of significant matter effects. All include multiple percent-level neutrino oscillation measurements, usually involving muon-neutrino (or antineutrino) disappearance and very long baselines. We comment on the degree of promise that these alternative approaches show.
description: 15 pages revtex, five eps figures, references and acknowledgments added
Stark time crystals: Symmetry breaking in space and time
Creators: name: Kshetrimayum, A.
name: Eisert, J.
name: Kennes, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The compelling original idea of a time crystal has referred to a structure that repeats in time as well as in space, an idea that has attracted significant interest recently. While obstructions to realize such structures became apparent early on, focus has shifted to seeing a symmetry breaking in time in periodically driven systems, a property of systems referred to as discrete time crystals. In this work, we introduce Stark time crystals based on a type of localization that is created in the absence of any spatial disorder. We argue that Stark time crystals constitute a phase of matter coming very close to the original idea and exhibit a symmetry breaking in space and time. Complementing a comprehensive discussion of the physics of the problem, we move on to elaborating on possible practical applications and argue that the physical demands of witnessing genuine signatures of many-body localization in large systems may be lessened in such physical systems.
description: 8 pages, 13 figures, replaced with final version
Million-Dollar Farms in the New Century
Creators: name: Hoppe, Robert A.
name: Korb, Penelope J.
name: Banker, David E.
name: Hoppe, Robert A.
name: Korb, Penelope J.
name: Banker, David E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Contracting
subject: family farms
subject: farm businesses
subject: farm financial performance
subject: farm-operator household income
subject: farm operators
subject: farm structure
subject: farm type
subject: million-dollar farms

description: Million-dollar farms—those with annual sales of at least $1 million—accounted for about half of U.S. farm sales in 2002, up from a fourth in 1982 (with sales measured in constant 2002 dollars). By 2006, million-dollar farms, accounting for 2 percent of all U.S. farms, dominated U.S. production of high-value crops, milk, hogs, poultry, and beef. The shift to million-dollar farms is likely to continue because they tend to be more profitable than smaller farms, giving them a competitive advantage. Most million-dollar farms (84 percent) are family farms, that is, the farm operator and relatives of the operator own the business. The million-dollar farms organized as nonfamily corporations tend to have no more than 10 stockholders.
Self-Generated Critiques Boost Reward Modeling for Language Models
Creators: name: Yu, Yue
name: Chen, Zhengxing
name: Zhang, Aston
name: Tan, Liang
name: Zhu, Chenguang
name: Pang, Richard Yuanzhe
name: Qian, Yundi
name: Wang, Xuewei
name: Gururangan, Suchin
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Kambadur, Melanie
name: Mahajan, Dhruv
name: Hou, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reward modeling is crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, especially in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, current reward models mainly produce scalar scores and struggle to incorporate critiques in a natural language format. We hypothesize that predicting both critiques and the scalar reward would improve reward modeling ability. Motivated by this, we propose Critic-RM, a framework that improves reward models using self-generated critiques without extra supervision. Critic-RM employs a two-stage process: generating and filtering high-quality critiques, followed by joint fine-tuning on reward prediction and critique generation. Experiments across benchmarks show that Critic-RM improves reward modeling accuracy by 3.7%-7.3% compared to standard reward models and LLM judges, demonstrating strong performance and data efficiency. Additional studies further validate the effectiveness of generated critiques in rectifying flawed reasoning steps with 2.5%-3.2% gains in improving reasoning accuracy.
description: Accepted to NAACL 2025 (Main Conference)
Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Nonlocality in Arbitrary Even Dimensions
Creators: name: Lee, Jinhyoung
name: Lee, Seung-Woo
name: Kim, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) nonlocality to every even-dimensional and odd-partite system. For the purpose we employ concurrent observables that are incompatible and nevertheless have a common eigenstate. It is remarkable that a tripartite system can exhibit the genuinely high-dimensional GHZ nonlocality.
description: slightly revised and final version published in PRA
Accurate and efficient calculation of photoionization in streamer discharges using fast multipole method
Creators: name: Lin, Bo
name: Zhuang, Chijie
name: Cai, Zhenning
name: Zeng, Rong
name: Bao, Weizhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper focuses on the three-dimensional simulation of the photoionization in streamer discharges, and provides a general framework to efficiently and accurately calculate the photoionization model using the integral form. The simulation is based on the kernel-independent fast multipole method. The accuracy of this method is studied quantitatively for different domains and various pressures in comparison with other existing models based on partial differential equations (PDEs). The comparison indicates the numerical error of the fast multipole method is much smaller than those of other PDE-based methods, with the reference solution given by direct numerical integration. Such accuracy can be achieved with affordable computational cost, and its performance in both efficiency and accuracy is quite stable for different domains and pressures. Meanwhile, the simulation accelerated by the fast multipole method exhibits good scalability using up to 1280 cores, which shows its capability of three-dimensional simulations using parallel (distributed) computing. The difference of the proposed method and other efficient approximations are also studied in a three-dimensional dynamic problem where two streamers interact.
Gustav Victor Rudolph Born Bibliography from Gustav Victor Rudolph Born. 29 July 1921—16 April 2018
Creators: name: Flower, Rod
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Gustav Born (Gus) made fundamental contributions to the study of blood platelets and their role in thrombogenesis. Working first on the biochemistry of these cells and their granules, Gus later devised an extremely effective method to measure their dynamic responses when stimulated to aggregate by pro-thrombotic stimuli. ‘The Born Aggregometer’, as it is known, revolutionized the study of platelets and the diagnosis of platelet-related disorders. Gus was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1972 for his work and subsequently awarded the Royal Medal. He received numerous other accolades and awards for his contributions to cardiovascular medicine.
Rising Food Prices Take a Bite Out of Food Stamp Benefits
Creators: name: Hanson, Kenneth
name: Andrews, Margaret S.
name: Hanson, Kenneth
name: Andrews, Margaret S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Rising food prices
subject: food price inflation
subject: food stamp benefits
subject: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
subject: Food Stamp Program
subject: food purchasing power
subject: cost of the Thrifty Food Plan.

description: The Food Stamp Program is designed to provide low-income families with increased food purchasing power to obtain a nutritionally adequate diet. As in most other Federal Government assistance programs, benefits are adjusted in response to rising prices—in this case, rising food prices. The current method of adjustment results in a shortfall between the maximum food stamp benefit and the cost of a nutritionally adequate diet as specified by USDA’s Thrifty Food Plan. During fiscal year (FY) 2007, the food purchasing shortfall in the caseload-weighted maximum benefit for the program grew from $7 in October 2006 to $19 in September 2007. In FY 2008, the amount grew from almost $8 in October 2007 to $34 in July 2008 and to $38 in September 2008. In an average month, food stamp households faced shortfalls of over $2 in FY 2003, $12 in FY 2007, and $22 in FY 2008. These losses in food purchasing power account for 1 percent, 4 percent, and 7 percent of the maximum benefit in each respective year. Alternative adjustment methods can reduce the shortfall but will raise program costs.
Discovery and Detailed Study of the M31 Classical Nova AT 2023tkw: Evidence for Internal Shocks
Creators: name: Basu, Judhajeet
name: Kumar, Ravi
name: Anupama, G. C.
name: Barway, Sudhanshu
name: Hauschildt, Peter H.
name: Chamoli, Shatakshi
name: Swain, Vishwajeet
name: Bhalerao, Varun
name: Karambelkar, Viraj R.
name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Das, Kaustav K.
name: Andreoni, Igor
name: Singh, Avinash
name: Teja, Rishabh S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of an extragalactic slow classical nova in M31 exhibiting multiple peaks in its light curve. Spectroscopic and photometric observations were used to investigate the underlying physical processes. Shock-induced heating events resulting in the expansion and contraction of the photosphere are likely responsible for the observed multiple peaks. Deviation of the observed spectrum at the peak from the models also suggests the presence of shocks. The successive peaks occurring at increasing intervals could be due to the series of internal shocks generated near or within the photosphere. Spectral modeling suggests a low-mass white dwarf accreting slowly from a companion star. The ejecta mass, estimated from spectral analysis, is $\sim 10^{-4}\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$, which is typical for a slow nova. We estimate the binary, by comparing the archival HST data and eruption properties with stellar and novae models, to comprise a 0.65 $\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ primary white dwarf and a K III cool evolved secondary star.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted in ApJ
Direction dependent switching of carrier-type enabled by Fermi surface geometry
Creators: name: Luo, Shuaishuai
name: Du, Feng
name: Su, Dajun
name: Zhang, Yongjun
name: Zhang, Jiawen
name: Xu, Jiacheng
name: Chen, Yuxin
name: Cao, Chao
name: Smidman, Michael
name: Steglich, Frank
name: Yuan, Huiqiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While charge carriers can typically be designated as either electron- or hole- type, depending on the sign of the Hall coefficient, some materials defy this straightforward classification. Here we find that LaRh$_6$Ge$_4$ goes beyond this dichotomy, where the Hall resistivity is electron-like for magnetic fields along the $c$-axis but hole-like in the basal plane. Together with first-principles calculations, we show that this direction-dependent switching of the carrier type arises within a single band, where the special geometry leads to charge carriers on the same Fermi surface orbiting as electrons along some directions, but holes along others. The relationship between the Fermi surface geometry and occurrence of a Hall sign reversal is further generalized by considering tight-binding model calculations, which show that this type of Fermi surface corresponds to a more robust means of realizing this phenomenon, suggesting an important route for tailoring direction dependent properties for advanced electronic device applications.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Critical English Teacher Pedagogy in Indonesia: A Case of Opportunities
Creators: name: Junaidi, Ahmad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Education

description: This study aims at demonstrating why teacher educators must encourage and advocate the adoption of culturally-sensitive critical English pedagogy (CEP) in English teacher education programs. This essay first presents the theoretical basis of critical English pedagogy in the backdrop of the emergence of globalisation and its associated challenges. In the later part, a case study is presented to show the actual practice of critical English teaching and learning through community problem posing and direct involvement in a particular youth leadership program of a community learning centre in Lombok, Indonesia. Through 26 sessions of the English for Group Communication course and Teaching English for Young Learners course, CEP principles were enacted through the collaboration of 45 students using a framework of scaffolding critical sociocultural awareness. The specific aspects under investigation as part of this study were teacher-student power distributions, the benefits of project-based language learning, as well as the benefits students’ direct involvement with the community learning project called Jage Kastare Foundation. At the end of the semester, it is observed that first, the objectives of learning English were not interfered or distracted by the critical agenda of raising social awareness. Second, students’ participation in creating the class rules appeared to have been effective and beneficial. Third, in the project of small-scale investigations, the choice of topics and scopes were critical and authentic, with considerable challenges in the process. Lastly, the community service project was rewarding both for the university students and the learning center where the projects were held. It is finally argued that CEP enactment should be advocated in university classes while addressing the challenges through a problem-posing approach.
Lifetime Measurement of the 8s Level in Francium
Creators: name: Gomez, E.
name: Orozco, L. A.
name: Galvan, A. Perez
name: Sprouse, G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the lifetime of the 8s level on a magneto-optically trapped sample of ^{210}Fr atoms with time-correlated single-photon counting. The 7P_{1/2} state serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-photon excitation of the 8s level completed with a 1300 nm laser. Analysis of the fluorescence decay through the the 7P_{3/2} level gives 53.30 +- 0.44 ns for the 8s level lifetime.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Food Safety and Imports: An Analysis of FDA Food-Related Import Refusal Reports
Creators: name: Buzby, Jean C.
name: Unnevehr, Laurian J.
name: Roberts, Donna
name: Buzby, Jean C.
name: Unnevehr, Laurian J.
name: Roberts, Donna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Adulteration
subject: food imports
subject: Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
subject: food safety
subject: misbranding
subject: labeling
subject: refusal
subject: shipment
subject: violation

description: This report examines U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) data on refusals of food offered for importation into the United States from 1998 to 2004. Although the data do not necessarily reflect the distribution of risk in foods, the study found that import refusals highlight food safety problems that appear to recur in trade and where the FDA has focused its import alerts, examinations (e.g., sampling), and other monitoring efforts. The data show some food industries and types of violations are consistent sources of problems both over time and in comparison with previous studies of more limited data. The three food industry groups with the most violations were vegetables (20.6 percent of total violations), fishery and seafood (20.1 percent), and fruits (11.7 percent). Violations observed over the entire time period include sanitary issues in seafood and fruit products, unsafe pesticide residues in vegetables, and unregistered processes for canned food products in all three industries.
Supplementary material from Gustav Victor Rudolph Born. 29 July 1921—16 April 2018
Creators: name: Flower, Rod
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Gustav Born (Gus) made fundamental contributions to the study of blood platelets and their role in thrombogenesis. Working first on the biochemistry of these cells and their granules, Gus later devised an extremely effective method to measure their dynamic responses when stimulated to aggregate by pro-thrombotic stimuli. ‘The Born Aggregometer’, as it is known, revolutionized the study of platelets and the diagnosis of platelet-related disorders. Gus was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1972 for his work and subsequently awarded the Royal Medal. He received numerous other accolades and awards for his contributions to cardiovascular medicine.
On the Asymptotics to all Orders of the Riemann Zeta Function and of a Two-Parameter Generalization of the Riemann Zeta Function
Creators: name: Fokas, A. S.
name: Lenells, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 30E15, 33E20

description: We present several formulae for the large $t$ asymptotics of the Riemann zeta function $ζ(s)$, $s=σ+i t$, $0\leq σ\leq 1$, $t>0$, which are valid to all orders. A particular case of these results coincides with the classical results of Siegel. Using these formulae, we derive explicit representations for the sum $\sum_a^b n^{-s}$ for certain ranges of $a$ and $b$. In addition, we present precise estimates relating this sum with the sum $\sum_c^d n^{s-1}$ for certain ranges of $a, b, c, d$. We also study a two-parameter generalization of the Riemann zeta function which we denote by $Φ(u,v,β)$, $u\in \mathbb{C}$, $v\in \mathbb{C}$, $β\in \mathbb{R}$. Generalizing the methodology used in the study of $ζ(s)$, we derive asymptotic formulae for $Φ(u,v,β)$.
description: 122 pages
Astymachus phainae Sugonjaev 1996
Creators: name: Noyes, John S.
name: Higashiura, Yoshimitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Astymachus
Astymachus phainae

description: 5. Astymachus phainae Sugonjaev
(Figures 2f,g)
 Astymachus phainae Sugonjaev, 1996: 193 – 195. Holotype ♀, Vietnam, ZSIP, not examined.
 Diagnosis. Female. Length, including ovipositor, 1.3 – 1.5 mm. Body generally slightly dusky pale orange, thorax dorsally and apical half of gaster little darker, antenna pale brown with F1 slightly darker; fore wing (Figure 2f) more or less uniformly infuscate with a small, more strongly infuscate area below junction of marginal and stigmal veins that does not reach apex of stigmal vein and a slightly darker elongate streak parallel to posterior margin; head about 1.8× as long as eye; palp formula 4 – 3; antenna with F1 subquadrate and F2 – F5 anneliform, subequal, F6 transverse, larger, linear sensilla only on F6; clava entire; scutellum with about 7 – 10 setae; wings not shortened, fore wing about 3.0× as long as broad and 3.9× as long as mid tibia, reaching well past cercal plates; marginal vein (Figure 2g) reaching anterior wing margin and about as long as stigmal vein; discal setae below marginal vein (Figure 2g) about one-third distance between them or about 1.5× as long as diameter of socket; ovipositor about 2.6× mid tibia and 2.3× gonostylus. Male. Antenna with funicle segments subequal, subquadrate with F1 and F6 slightly larger; aedeagus about 1.2× as long as mid tibia.
 Biology. Reared from aclerdids (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) inhabiting shelters of Crematogaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in leaf sheaths on stems of bamboo (Poaceae) (Sugonjaev 1996).
 Distribution. Vietnam (Sugonjaev 1996) and India (Uttar Pradesh) (Hayat, pers. comm.).
 Material examined. Paratypes: VIETNAM, 2♀, 1♂, Ba Vi National Park, mount, 800 m above sea level, ex Aclerdidae associated with nests of Crematogaster on bamboo, 11 – 14 November 1995 (E. Sugonjaev) (ZISP).
 Comments. Females of Astymachus phainae can be recognised by the conspicuously infuscate and relatively naked fore wing.
description: Published as part of Noyes, John S. & Higashiura, Yoshimitsu, 2020, The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ı potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae) ı with descriptions of three new species, pp. 665-679 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 671, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1747654, http://zenodo.org/record/4290415
TEACHERS LEAVING FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ABROAD:  IMPLICATIONS TO QUALITY EDUCATION
Creators: name: GUIRA, GLENN
name: DOCTOLERO, ARNEL
name: ALPAY, REYNA
name: RAMIREZ, DENNIS
name: RABE, ROCHELLE
name: JAVIER, GLENDA
name: FRIAL, PETER JOHN
name: CASTRO, LORI MARSELI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Teacher migration, curriculum continuity, instructional quality, teacher turnover, emotional impact, school culture

description: The migration of teachers seeking employment opportunities abroad has become a significant challenge for educational systems in developing countries, including the Philippines. This study explored the implications of teacher migration on the quality of education in the Philippines.  This study employed a qualitative-descriptive research design with purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews to explore the implications of teachers leaving for employment opportunities abroad, using thematic analysis to identify key themes on the perceptions of teachers, administrators, students, and parents affected by teacher migration. The findings revealed several key themes related to the challenges faced by the remaining teachers. The disruption in curriculum continuity, due to differing teaching styles among incoming teachers. Increased class sizes and overburdened teachers led to a reduction in individualized attention, contributing to a decline in instructional quality as less experienced or temporary teachers replaced more seasoned educators. The emotional and psychological impact on students was significant, with many expressing feelings of abandonment and instability following the departure of beloved teachers. Remaining teachers experienced burnout from increased workloads. Additionally, the frequent turnover eroded the school culture and community, weakening relationships between students, parents, and staff. The constant flux of teachers posed challenges in implementing long-term educational strategies, with schools struggling to maintain momentum in curricular innovations. This study highlights the need for effective strategies to address the root causes of teacher migration, such as burnout and workload, to ensure that educational standards are maintained and that the well-being of both students and teachers is prioritized.
Additional file 1 of Psychometric properties of the Persian version of social anxiety questionnaire for adults (SAQ-A30)
Creators: name: Mahdieh Mosarezaee
name: Azadeh Tavoli
name: Montazeri, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Written informed consent.
Spontaneous Relaxation of a Charge Qubit under Electrical Measurement
Creators: name: Li, Xin-Qi
name: Cui, Ping
name: Yan, YiJing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we first derive a generalized conditional master equation for quantum measurement by a mesoscopic detector, then study the readout characteristics of qubit measurement where a number of new features are found. The work would in particular highlight the qubit spontaneous relaxation effect induced by the measurement itself rather than an external thermal bath.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; an error in Eq.(8) is corrected
The Economic Organization of U.S. Broiler Production
Creators: name: MacDonald, James M.
name: MacDonald, James M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: broilers
subject: chickens
subject: production contracts
subject: broiler grower financial performance
subject: chicken housing
subject: chicken litter
subject: poultry

description: Broiler production in the United States is coordinated almost entirely through systems of production contracts, in which a grower’s compensation is based, in part, on how the grower’s performance compares with that of other growers. The industry is undergoing a gradual structural change as production shifts to larger broiler enterprises that provide larger shares of an operator’s household income. Larger enterprises require substantially larger investments in broiler housing, and new or retrofitted houses are also an important source of productivity growth in the industry. This report, based on a large and representative survey of broiler operations, describes the industry’s organization, housing features, contract design, fees and enterprise cost structures, and farm and household finances.
Multiwavelength Properties of Infrared-Faint Radio Sources Based on Spectral Energy Distribution Analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Yihang
name: Fan, Lulu
name: An, Tao
name: Yang, Jun
name: Sun, Weibin
name: Yu, Haoran
name: Han, Yunkun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared-faint radio sources (IFRSs) are believed to be a rare class of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (RL AGN) characterized by their high radio-to-infrared flux density ratios of up to several thousands. Previous studies have shown that a fraction of IFRSs are likely to be hosted in dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs). In this paper, our aim was to probe the dust properties, star formation rate (SFR), and AGN activity of IFRSs by modeling the UV-to-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) of 20 IFRSs with spectroscopic redshifts ranging from 1.2 to 3.7. We compare the Bayesian evidence of a three-component model (stellar, AGN and cold dust) with that of a two-component model (stellar and cold dust) for six IFRSs in our sample with far-infrared (FIR) photometry and find that the three-component model has significantly higher Bayesian evidence, suggesting that IFRSs are most likely to be AGN. The median SED of our IFRS sample shows similarities to AGN-starburst composite in the IR regime. The derived IR luminosities of IFRSs indicate that they are low-luminosity counterparts of high-redshift radio galaxies. We disentangle the contributions of AGN-heated and star-formation-heated dust to the IR luminosity of IFRSs and find that our sample is likely AGN-dominated. However, despite the evidence for significant impact of AGN on the host galaxy, the AGN luminosity of our sample does not show correlation with the SFR of the sources.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Ultra low threshold current THz quantum cascade lasers based on buried strip-waveguides
Creators: name: Dhillon, S.
name: Alton, J.
name: Barbieri, S.
name: Sirtori, C.
name: de Rossi, A.
name: Calligaro, M.
name: Beere, H. E.
name: Ritchie, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: THz quantum cascade lasers based on a novel buried cavity geometry are demonstrated by combining double-metal waveguides with proton implantation. Devices are realised with emission at 2.8 THz, displaying ultra low threshold currents of 19 mA at 4K in both pulsed and continuous wave operation. Thanks to the semiconductor material on both sides of the active region and to the narrow width of the top metal strip, the thermal properties of these devices have been greatly improved. A decrease of the thermal resistance by over a factor of two compared to standard ridge double-metal lasers of similar size has been measured.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Submitted for publication to Applied Physiscs Letters (February 2005)
iCure Bracelet
Creators: name: Tkemaladze, Jaba
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110399 Clinical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111503 Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice
subject: 111506 Toxicology (incl. Clinical Toxicology)
subject: 111101 Clinical and Sports Nutrition
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111502 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
subject: 110302 Clinical Chemistry (diagnostics)

description: iCure is a constantly wearable bracelet that detects the earliest signs of an impending disease. The constantly wearable bracelet provides measurements of data storage in real time, consequently automated analysis of such data as temperature, pulse, blood saturation, transdermal fluid (precursor of a sweat) for a complete biochemical analysis. Analysis of the acquired data will take place on a centralized server. Bracelet-user will automatically receive recommendations on further actions, in case of alarm situation corresponding service will be directly sent to the user’s actual location.
Critical English Pedagogy Vietnam Revised IGRS Ahmad Junaidi.pdf
Creators: name: Junaidi, Ahmad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Education

description: This study aims at demonstrating why teacher educators must encourage and advocate the adoption of culturally-sensitive critical English pedagogy (CEP) in English teacher education programs. This essay first presents the theoretical basis of critical English pedagogy in the backdrop of the emergence of globalisation and its associated challenges. In the later part, a case study is presented to show the actual practice of critical English teaching and learning through community problem posing and direct involvement in a particular youth leadership program of a community learning centre in Lombok, Indonesia. Through 26 sessions of the English for Group Communication course and Teaching English for Young Learners course, CEP principles were enacted through the collaboration of 45 students using a framework of scaffolding critical sociocultural awareness. The specific aspects under investigation as part of this study were teacher-student power distributions, the benefits of project-based language learning, as well as the benefits students’ direct involvement with the community learning project called Jage Kastare Foundation. At the end of the semester, it is observed that first, the objectives of learning English were not interfered or distracted by the critical agenda of raising social awareness. Second, students’ participation in creating the class rules appeared to have been effective and beneficial. Third, in the project of small-scale investigations, the choice of topics and scopes were critical and authentic, with considerable challenges in the process. Lastly, the community service project was rewarding both for the university students and the learning center where the projects were held. It is finally argued that CEP enactment should be advocated in university classes while addressing the challenges through a problem-posing approach.