cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Perils of Curve-of-Growth Analysis: Systematic Abundance Underestimates for the Gas in Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies
Creators: name: Prochaska, Jason X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the practice of deriving interstellar medium (ISM) abundances from low-resolution spectroscopy of GRB afterglows. We argue that the multi-ion single-component curve-of-growth analysis technique systematically underestimates the column densities of the metal-line profiles commonly observed for GRB. This systematic underestimate is accentuated by the fact that many GRB line-profiles (e.g. GRB 050730, GRB 050820, GRB 051111) are comprised of `clouds' with a bi-modal distribution of column density. Such line-profiles may be characteristic of a sightline which penetrates both a high density star-forming region and more distant, ambient ISM material. Our analysis suggests that the majority of abundances reported in the literature are systematically underestimates and that the reported errors are frequently over-optimistic. Further, we demonstrate that one cannot even report precise relative abundances with confidence. The implications are profound for our current understanding on the metallicity, dust-to-gas ratio, and chemical abundances of the ISM in GRB host galaxies. For example, we argue that all but a few sightlines allow for the gas to have at least solar metallicity. Finally, we suggests new approaches for constraining the abundances.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures. Accepted to ApJ
Optimal Allocation of Quantized Human Eye Depth Perception for Light Field Display Design
Creators: name: Aghasi, Alireza
name: Heshmat, Barmak
name: Wei, Leihao
name: Tian, Moqian
name: Cholewiak, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Creating immersive 3D stereoscopic, autostereoscopic, and lightfield experiences are becoming the center point of optical design of future head mounted displays and lightfield displays. However, despite the advancement in 3D and light field displays; there is no consensus on what are the necessary quantized depth levels for such emerging displays at stereoscopic or monocular modalities. Here we start from psychophysical theories and work toward defining and prioritizing quantized levels of depth that would saturate the human depth perception. We propose a general optimization framework, which locates the depth levels in a \emph{globally optimal} way for band limited displays. While the original problem is computationally intractable, we manage to find a tractable reformulation as maximally covering a region of interest with a selection of hypographs corresponding to the monocular depth of field profiles. The results show that on average 1731 stereoscopic and 8 monocular depth levels (distributed from 25 cm to infinity) would saturate the visual depth perception. Also the first 3 depth levels should be allocated at (148), then (83, 170), then (53, 90, 170) distances respectively from the face plane to minimize the monocular error in the entire population. The study further discusses the 3D spatial profile of the quantized stereoscopic and monocular depth levels. The study provides fundamental guidelines for designing optimal near eye displays, light-field monitors, and 3D screens.
Learning physically consistent mathematical models from data using group sparsity
Creators: name: Maddu, Suryanarayana
name: Cheeseman, Bevan L.
name: Müller, Christian L.
name: Sbalzarini, Ivo F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose a statistical learning framework based on group-sparse regression that can be used to 1) enforce conservation laws, 2) ensure model equivalence, and 3) guarantee symmetries when learning or inferring differential-equation models from measurement data. Directly learning $\textit{interpretable}$ mathematical models from data has emerged as a valuable modeling approach. However, in areas like biology, high noise levels, sensor-induced correlations, and strong inter-system variability can render data-driven models nonsensical or physically inconsistent without additional constraints on the model structure. Hence, it is important to leverage $\textit{prior}$ knowledge from physical principles to learn "biologically plausible and physically consistent" models rather than models that simply fit the data best. We present a novel group Iterative Hard Thresholding (gIHT) algorithm and use stability selection to infer physically consistent models with minimal parameter tuning. We show several applications from systems biology that demonstrate the benefits of enforcing $\textit{priors}$ in data-driven modeling.
Using the X-ray Dust Scattering Halo of 4U 1624-490 to determine distance and dust distributions
Creators: name: Xiang, Jingen
name: Lee, Julia C.
name: Nowak, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present X-ray dust scattering halo results based on our 76 ks {\it Chandra} ACIS-S/HETGS observation of the LMXB dipping source 4U 1624-490. Through analysis of the halo light curves with 2-6 keV spectra over the persistent and dipping periods, we estimate a geometric distance of $\sim$15 kpc to 4U 1624-490. We also fit halo radial profiles with different ISM dust grain models to assess the location, uniformity, and density of the halo. Our analysis shows that the dust spatial distribution is not uniform along the line-of-sight; rather, it is consistent with the spiral arm structure mapped in {\sc Hii}. The large difference between the absorption Hydrogen column ($N_{\rm H}^{abs} \sim 8 \times10^{22} \rm cm^{-2}$; probes all gas along the line-of-sight) derived from broadband spectral fitting, and the scattering Hydrogen column ($N_{\rm H}^{sca} \sim 4 \times10^{22} \rm cm^{-2}$; probes only Galactic gas) derived from our studies of the 4U 1624-490 X-ray halo suggests that a large fraction of the column is local to the X-ray binary. We also present (and apply) a new method for assessing the {\it Chandra} point spread function at large ($> 50''$) angles, through use of the time delays from the observed dips.
description: 24 pages including 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Parameter-free description of the manifold of non-degenerate density matrices
Creators: name: Naudts, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper gives a definition of exponential arcs in the manifold of non-degenerate density matrices and uses it as a starting point to develop a parameter-free version of non-commutative Information Geometry in the finite-dimensional case. Given the Bogoliubov metric the m- and e-connections are each other dual. Convex potentials are introduced. They allow to introduce dual charts. Affine coordinates are introduced at the end to make the connection with the more usual approach.
Comment on "The Free Will Theorem"
Creators: name: Tumulka, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper [quant-ph/0604079], Conway and Kochen claim to have established that theories of the GRW type, i.e., of spontaneous wave function collapse, cannot be made relativistic. On the other hand, relativistic GRW-type theories have already been presented, in my recent paper [quant-ph/0406094] and by Dowker and Henson [J. Statist. Phys. 115: 1327 (2004), quant-ph/0209051]. Here, I elucidate why these are not excluded by the arguments of Conway and Kochen.
description: 10 pages LaTeX, no figures; v2 minor improvements
Additional file 1 of Risk of gallstones based on ABCG8 rs11887534 single nucleotide polymorphism among Taiwanese men and women
Creators: name: Liang, Keng-Wei
name: Huang, Hsin-Hui
name: Wang, Lee
name: Lu, Wen-Yu
name: Chou, Ying-Hsiang
name: Tantoh, Disline Manli
name: Nfor, Oswald Ndi
name: Chiu, Neng-Yu
name: Tyan, Yeu-Sheng
name: Liaw, Yung-Po
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Baseline profiles of participants stratified by sex showing the frequency of the GG, GC, and CC genotypes. Table S2. Risk of gallstones among individuals with the GC and CC genotypes compared to the GG genotype. Table S3. Risk of gallstones according to the rs11887534 genotypes (GG, GC, and CC) and sex. Table S4. Risk of gallstones among women with the GC and CC genotypes compared to the GG genotype. Table S5. Risk of gallstones based on the combination of rs11887534 genotypes (GG, GC, and CC) and hormone use.
The Area Quantum and Snyder Space
Creators: name: Romero, Juan M.
name: Zamora, Adolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in the Snyder space the area of the disc and of the sphere can be quantized. It is also shown that the area spectrum of the sphere can be related to the Bekenstein conjecture for the area spectrum of a black hole horizon.
description: 7 pages, in Press, Physics Letters B
Root asymptotics of spectral polynomials for the Lame operator
Creators: name: Borcea, Julius
name: Shapiro, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34L20 (Primary); 30C15, 33C05, 33E05 (Secondary)

description: The study of polynomial solutions to the classical Lamé equation in its algebraic form, or equivalently, of double-periodic solutions of its Weierstrass form has a long history. Such solutions appear at integer values of the spectral parameter and their respective eigenvalues serve as the ends of bands in the boundary value problem for the corresponding Schrödinger equation with finite gap potential given by the Weierstrass $\wp$-function on the real line. In this paper we establish several natural (and equivalent) formulas in terms of hypergeometric and elliptic type integrals for the density of the appropriately scaled asymptotic distribution of these eigenvalues when the integer-valued spectral parameter tends to infinity. We also show that this density satisfies a Heun differential equation with four singularities.
description: final version, to appear in Commun. Math. Phys.; 13 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX2e
Discriminating between hazy and clear hot-Jupiter atmospheres with CARMENES
Creators: name: Sánchez-López, A.
name: López-Puertas, M.
name: Snellen, I. A. G.
name: Nagel, E.
name: Bauer, F. F.
name: Pallé, E.
name: Tal-Or, L.
name: Amado, P. J.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Czesla, S.
name: Nortmann, L.
name: Reiners, A.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Aceituno, J.
name: Béjar, V. J. S.
name: Casasayas-Barris, N.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Molaverdikhani, K.
name: Montes, D.
name: Stangret, M.
name: Osorio, M. R. Zapatero
name: Zechmeister, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Relatively large radii of some hot Jupiters observed in the ultraviolet (UV) and blue-optical are generally interpreted to be due to Rayleigh scattering by high-altitude haze particles. However, the haze composition and its production mechanisms are not fully understood, and observational information is still limited. Aims: We aim to study the presence of hazes in the atmospheres of HD 209458 b and HD 189733 b with high spectral resolution spectra by analysing the strength of water vapour cross-correlation signals across the red optical and near-infrared wavelength ranges. Methods: A total of seven transits of the two planets were observed with the CARMENES spectrograph at the 3.5 m Calar Alto telescope. Their Doppler-shifted signals were disentangled from the telluric and stellar contributions using the detrending algorithm SYSREM. The residual spectra were subsequently cross-correlated with water vapour templates at 0.70-0.96 $μ$m to measure the strength of the water vapour absorption bands. Results: The optical water vapour bands were detected at $5.2 σ$ in HD 209458 b in one transit, whereas no evidence of them was found in four transits of HD 189733 b. Therefore, the relative strength of the optical water bands compared to those in the near-infrared were found to be larger in HD 209458 b than in HD 189733 b. Conclusions: We interpret the non-detection of optical water bands in the transmission spectra of HD 189733 b, compared to the detection in HD 209458 b, to be due to the presence of high-altitude hazes in the former planet, which are largely absent in the latter. This is consistent with previous measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope. We show that currently available CARMENES observations of hot Jupiters can be used to investigate the presence of haze extinction in their atmospheres.
description: 13 pages; accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 1 of Lipid A-Ara4N as an alternate pathway for (colistin) resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia isolates in Pakistan
Creators: name: Masood, Kiran Iqbal
name: Umar, Seema
name: Hasan, Zahra
name: Farooqi, Joveria
name: Razzak, Safina Abdul
name: Jabeen, Nazish
name: Rao, Jason
name: Shakoor, Sadia
name: Hasan, Rumina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers and probe sequences to target the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr-1) and housekeeping gene rho. Figure S1. Amplification of mcr-1 gene in a positive control NCTC 13846 E. coli strain. DNA was extracted from the pure culture of NCTC 13846 E. coli strain using DNA extraction kit (Qiagen) as per manufacturers instruction. Extracted DNA was subjected to PCR using sequence specific primers of mcr-1 gene. The figure shows the amplification of mcr-1 gene in the positive control used in the experiment. PC denotes positive control and NTC denotes non-template control.
Recent Developments in Nonparametric Inference and Probability
Creators: name: Sun, Jiayang
name: DasGupta, Anirban
name: Melfi, Vince
name: Page, Connie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: There have been extensive developments recently in modern nonparametric inference and modeling. Nonparametric and semi-parametric methods are especially useful with large amounts of data that are now routinely collected in many areas of science. Probability and stochastic modeling are also playing major new roles in scientific applications. This refereed special volume highlights challenges and developments at this interface of statistics, probability and the sciences, and honors Michael B. Woodroofe for his pioneering contributions to nonparametric inference and probability.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921706000000716 in the IMS Lecture Notes--Monograph Series (http://www.imstat.org/publications/lecnotes.htm) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Technical Barriers for Harnessing the Green Hydrogen: A Power System Perspective
Creators: name: Rabiee, Abbas
name: Keane, Andrew
name: Soroudi, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Extracting green hydrogen from renewable energy sources is a new concept in the energy industry. As an energy carrier, hydrogen is well capable of facilitating a strong coupling between various energy sectors, as well as integration of renewable energy sources. This paper investigates the system-wide technical factors that might limit the amount of producible hydrogen in a given power system. A non-linear programming formulation is proposed to quantify the impact of voltage security constraints, the location and size of power to hydrogen facilities, and finally the wind penetration levels on the harvest-able green hydrogen. The applicability of the proposed framework is demonstrated on the IEEE 39 bus system.
Yang-Baxter Equations
Creators: name: Perk, Jacques H. H.
name: Au-Yang, Helen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Preprint of an Encyclopedia article (Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics, eds. J.-P. Françoise, G.L. Naber and Tsou S.T., Oxford: Elsevier, 2006 (ISBN 978-0-1251-2666-3), volume 5, pages 465-473) extended with an appendix on relations of electric networks and solvable models. We welcome comments, especially on the added appendix. Please, note that the reference list has been restricted to only giving a few historical items and sources explicitly used. We apologize in advance for the many omissions.
description: LaTeX2e, 22 pages, 16 figures (20 eps files)
Additional file 1 of Health care seeking behaviour for children with acute childhood illnesses and its relating factors in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from 24 countries
Creators: name: Yaya, Sanni
name: Odusina, Emmanuel Kolawole
name: Adjei, Nicholas Kofi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Survey characteristics.
Electron-based crystalline undulator
Creators: name: Tabrizi, M.
name: Korol, A. V.
name: Solov'yov, A. V.
name: Greiner, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the features of a crystalline undulator of the novel type based on the effect of a planar channeling of ultra-relativistic electrons in a periodically bent crystals. It is demonstrated that an electron-based undulator is feasible in the tens of GeV range of the beam energies, which is noticeably higher than the energy interval allowed in a positron-based undulator. Numerical analysis of the main parameters of the undulator as well as the characteristics of the emitted undulator radiation is carried out for 20 and 50 GeV electrons channeling in diamond and silicon crystals along the (111) crystallographic planes.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, Latex, IOP style
Quantifying the Long-Range Structure of Foams and Other Cellular Patterns with Hyperuniformity Disorder Length Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Chieco, Anthony T.
name: Durian, Douglas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the local- and long-range structure of four different space-filling cellular patterns: bubbles in a quasi-2d foam plus Voronoi constructions made around points that are uncorrelated (Poisson patterns), low discrepancy (Halton patterns), and displaced from a lattice by Gaussian noise (Einstein patterns). We study distributions of local quantities including cell areas and topological features; the former is the widest for bubbles in a foam making them locally the most disordered but the latter show no significant differences between the cellular patterns. Long-range structure is probed by the spectral density and also by converting the real-space spectrum of number density or volume fraction fluctuations for windows of diameter $D$ to the effective distance $h(D)$ from the window boundary where these fluctuations occur. This real-space hyperuniformity disorder length spectroscopy is performed on various point patterns which are determined by the centroids of the bubbles in the foam, by the points patterns around which the Voronoi cells are created and by the centroids of the Voronoi cells. These patterns are either unweighted or weighted by the area of the cells they occupy. The unweighted bubble centroids have $h(D)$ that collapses for the different ages of of the foam with random Poissonian fluctuations at long distances. All patterns of area-weighted points have constant $h(D)=h_e$ for large $D$; $h_e=0.084 \sqrt{\left< a\right>}$ for the bubble centroids is the smallest value, meaning they are most uniform. All the weighted centroids collapse to the same constant $h_e=0.084 \sqrt{\left< a\right>}$ as for the foams. A similar analysis is performed on the edges of the cells where the spectra of $h(D)$ for the foam edges show $h(D) \sim D^{1-ε}$ where $ε=0.3$
description: The paper is 14 pages, 10 figures
Geometric scattering in the presence of line defects
Creators: name: Bui, Hai Viet
name: Mostafazadeh, Ali
name: Seymen, Sema
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-relativistic scalar particle moving on a curved surface undergoes a geometric scattering whose behavior is sensitive to the theoretically ambiguous values of the intrinsic and extrinsic curvature coefficients entering the expression for the quantum Hamiltonian operator. This suggests using the scattering data to settle the ambiguity in the definition of the Hamiltonian. It has recently been shown that the inclusion of point defects on the surface enhances the geometric scattering effects. We perform a detailed study of the geometric scattering phenomenon in the presence of line defects for the case that the particle is confined to move on a Gaussian bump and the defect(s) are modeled by delta-function potentials supported on a line or a set of parallel lines normal to the scattering axis. In contrast to a surface having point defects, the scattering phenomenon associated with this system is generically geometric in nature in the sense that for a flat surface the scattering amplitude vanishes for all scattering angles $θ$ except $θ=θ_0$ and $π-θ_0$, where $θ_0$ is the angle of incidence. We show that the presence of the line defects amplifies the geometric scattering due to the Gaussian bump. This amplification effect is particularly strong when the center of the bump is placed between two line defects.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Adiabatic limits on Riemannian Sol-manifolds
Creators: name: Yakovlev, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We obtain an asymptotic formula for the spectrum distribution function of the Laplace operator on a compact Riemannian Sol-manifold in the adiabatic limit determined by a one-dimensional foliation defined by the orbits of a left-invariant flow.
description: 3 pages, to appear in Math. Notes
The perspective of fluid flow behavior of respiratory droplets and aerosols through the facemasks in context of SARS-CoV-2
Creators: name: Kumar, Sanjay
name: Lee, Heow Pueh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the unfortunate event of current ongoing pandemic COVID-19, where vaccination development is still at the initial stage, several preventive control measures such as social distancing, hand-hygiene, and personal protective equipment have been recommended by health professionals and organizations. Among them, the safe wearing of facemasks has played a vital role in reducing the likelihood and severity of infectious respiratory disease transmission. The reported research in facemasks has covered many of their material types, fabrication techniques, mechanism characterization, and application aspects. However, in more recent times, the focus has shifted towards the theoretical investigations of fluid flow mechanisms involved in the virus-laden particles prevention by facemasks. This exciting research domain aims to address the complex fluid transport that led to designing a facemask with a better performance. This review paper discusses the recent updates on fluid flow dynamics through the facemasks. Key design aspects such as thermal comfort and flow resistance are discussed. Furthermore, the recent progress in the investigations on the efficacy of facemasks for prevention of COVID 19 spread and the impact of wearing facemasks are presented. Finally, the potential research directions for analyzing the fluid flow behavior are highlighted.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics of Fluids
Kymlicka and the aboriginal right
Creators: name: Sandford, Christie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is concerned with two central questions. The first is theoretical and asks, "Can a direct appeal be made to the foundational principles of liberalism to support collective rights?" The second question is practical and asks: "Would such a defense serve the interests of contemporary Canadian Aboriginal claims to special constitutionally recognized collective rights known as the Aboriginal Right?" I utilize Will Kymlicka's defense of minority rights as the theoretical framework in assessing this first question and in assessing the latter, I refer to various reported Aboriginal conceptions of the so-called Aboriginal Right which have been formalized by Aboriginal people themselves through constitutional addresses, Royal Commission hearings, discussion papers and legal claims. Part I of the thesis involves an enquiry into the nature of the revisions that Kymlicka proposes to make to liberal theory, and asks whether, in making such changes, he is able to retain identification with the so-called "modern" liberals, with whom Kymlicka identifies himself, and consistently defend the kind of group minority rights of the sort actually being claimed in Canadian society today. I conclude that Kymlicka argument fails in two respects: it fails to do the work required of it by modern liberals and it ultimately fails to do the work required by the standards of Kymlicka own theory. In Part II, I argue that even if it were theoretically possible to protect the good of culture in the way that Kymlicka hopes, such a defense of collective rights fails in the most important respect: that is, it cannot do the work required of it by the Aboriginal people for whom it was designed.
Minority-Spin Impurity Band in n-Type (In,Fe)As: A Materials Perspective for Ferromagnetic Semiconductors
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Masaki
name: Anh, Le Duc
name: Minar, Jan
name: Khan, Walayat
name: Borek, Stephan
name: Hai, Pham Nam
name: Harada, Yoshihisa
name: Schmitt, Thorsten
name: Oshima, Masaharu
name: Fujimori, Atsushi
name: Tanaka, Masaaki
name: Strocov, Vladimir N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fully understanding the properties of n-type ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs), complementary to the mainstream p-type ones, is a challenging goal in semiconductor spintronics because ferromagnetism in n-type FMSs is theoretically non-trivial. Soft-x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SX-ARPES) is a powerful approach to examine the mechanism of carrier-induced ferromagnetism in FMSs. Here our SX-ARPES study on the prototypical n-type FMS (In,Fe)As reveals the entire band structure including the Fe-3d impurity bands (IBs) and the host InAs ones, and provides direct evidence for electron occupation of the InAs-derived conduction band (CB). A minority-spin Fe-3d IB is found to be located just below the conduction-band minimum (CBM). The IB is formed by the hybridization of the unoccupied Fe-3d states with the occupied CBM of InAs in a spin-dependent way, resulting in the large spin polarization of CB. The band structure with the IB is varied with band filling, which cannot be explained by the rigid-band picture, suggesting a unified picture for realization of carrier-induced ferromagnetism in FMS materials.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of a 55-gene classifier as a prognostic biomarker for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer patients
Creators: name: Oki, Eiji
name: Shinto, Eiji
name: Shimokawa, Mototsugu
name: Yamaguchi, Shigeki
name: Ishiguro, Megumi
name: Hasegawa, Seiji
name: Takii, Yasumasa
name: Ishida, Hideyuki
name: Kusumoto, Tetsuya
name: Morita, Masaru
name: Tomita, Naohiro
name: Shiozawa, Manabu
name: Tanaka, Masafumi
name: Ozawa, Heita
name: Hashiguchi, Yojiro
name: Ohnuma, Shinobu
name: Tada, Sachiyo
name: Matsushima, Tomoko
name: Hase, Kazuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Five-year relapse-free survival (RFS) curves in the 55-gene classifier (55GC) subtypes according to the adjuvant chemotherapy received [blue: microsatellite instability (MSI)-like; red: chromosomal instability (CIN)-like; green: stromal].
Zero modes on cosmic strings in an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Ferrer, Francesc
name: Mathur, Harsh
name: Vachaspati, Tanmay
name: Starkman, Glenn D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A classical analysis suggests that an external magnetic field can cause trajectories of charge carriers on a superconducting domain wall or cosmic string to bend, thus expelling charge carriers with energy above the mass threshold into the bulk. We study this process by solving the Dirac equation for a fermion of mass $m_f$ and charge $e$, in the background of a domain wall and a magnetic field of strength $B$. We find that the modes of the charge carriers get shifted into the bulk, in agreement with classical expectations. However the dispersion relation for the zero modes changes dramatically -- instead of the usual linear dispersion relation, $ω_k =k$, the new dispersion relation is well fit by $ω\approx m_f tanh(k/k_*)$ where $k_*=m_f$ for a thin wall in the weak field limit, and $k_*=eBw$ for a thick wall of width $w$. This result shows that the energy of the charge carriers on the domain wall remains below the threshold for expulsion even in the presence of an external magnetic field. If charge carriers are expelled due to an additional perturbation, they are most likely to be ejected at the threshold energy $\sim m_f$.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Relativistic effects in orbital motion of the S-stars at the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Gainutdinov, Rustam
name: Baryshev, Yurij
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic Center star cluster, known as S-stars, is a perfect source of relativistic phenomena observations. The stars are located in the strong field of relativistic compact object Sgr A* and are moving with very high velocities at pericenters of their orbits. In this work we consider motion of several S-stars by using the Parameterized Post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism of General Relativity (GR) and Post-Newtonian (PN) equations of motion of the Feynman's quantum-field gravity theory, where the positive energy density of the gravity field can be measured via the relativistic pericenter shift. The PPN parameters $β$ and $γ$ are constrained using the S-stars data. The positive value of the $T_g^{00}$ component of the gravity energy-momentum tensor is confirmed for condition of S-stars motion.
description: Accepted for publication in the journal Universe, 08.10.2020
Universality From Very General Nonperturbative Flow Equations in QCD
Creators: name: Rosten, Oliver J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of very general exact renormalization groups, it will be shown that, given a vertex expansion of the Wilsonian effective action, remarkable progress can be made without making any approximations. Working in QCD we will derive, in a manifestly gauge invariant way, an exact diagrammatic expression for the expectation value of an arbitrary gauge invariant operator, in which many of the non-universal details of the setup do not explicitly appear. This provides a new starting point for attacking nonperturbative problems.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Ultra-dispersive adaptive prism
Creators: name: Sautenkov, Vladimir A.
name: Li, Hebin
name: Rostovtsev, Yuri V.
name: Scully, Marlan O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have experimentally demonstrated an ultra-dispersive optical prism made from coherently driven Rb atomic vapor. The prism possesses spectral angular dispersion that is six orders of magnitude higher than that of a prism made of optical glass; it is the highest spectral angular dispersion that has ever been shown (such angular dispersion allows one to spatially resolve light beams with different frequencies separated by a few kHz). The prism operates near the resonant frequency of atomic vapor and its dispersion is optically controlled by a coherent driving field.
Private institutions for public interests : the land trust movement comes to British Columbia’s Fraser River delta
Creators: name: Haigh, Caroline Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis evaluates how the management and protection of private lands in North America with important public values can be improved through the creation of a land trust: a private, non-profit, community-based institution with a mission to protect land. In particular, it draws attention to how private land conservation efforts can most effectively benefit from land trusts and government working in tandem to ensure long-term sustainable management and protection of the land and its vital functions. Preliminary chapters set out the theoretical context for this study. The literature is reviewed to identify the shortcomings of conventional land conservation efforts, specifically the difficulties behind protecting common pool resources and the inadequacies of government land-use management processes to overcome such difficulties. Secondly, literature pertaining to land trusts is surveyed to offer a descriptive overview of these increasingly popular institutions, including an analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. From this review, a set of criteria for conditions under which a land trust is likely to be successful is derived. Next, in case study format, private land conservation in the Fraser River delta of British Columbia is examined and the Delta Farmland & Wildlife Trust is evaluated against the set of criteria developed from the literature. On the basis of the findings of the case study, it is concluded that this community-driven land trust has the potential to resolve impasses and overcome antagonisms to advance a shared vision of the future that protects Delta's interdependent values. Finally, recommendations are offered for improving the endeavors of the Delta Farmland & Wildlife Trust and more generally for facilitating the adoption of more effective and viable land trusts across North America. A case is made for enhancing public/private collaboration to integrate the strengths that both land trusts and government bring to land conservation.
Additional file 2 of Evaluation of a 55-gene classifier as a prognostic biomarker for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer patients
Creators: name: Oki, Eiji
name: Shinto, Eiji
name: Shimokawa, Mototsugu
name: Yamaguchi, Shigeki
name: Ishiguro, Megumi
name: Hasegawa, Seiji
name: Takii, Yasumasa
name: Ishida, Hideyuki
name: Kusumoto, Tetsuya
name: Morita, Masaru
name: Tomita, Naohiro
name: Shiozawa, Manabu
name: Tanaka, Masafumi
name: Ozawa, Heita
name: Hashiguchi, Yojiro
name: Ohnuma, Shinobu
name: Tada, Sachiyo
name: Matsushima, Tomoko
name: Hase, Kazuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Subgroup analysis.
First steps toward a simple but efficient model-free control synthesis for variable-speed wind turbines
Creators: name: Lafont, Frédéric
name: Balmat, Jean-François
name: Join, Cédric
name: Fliess, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Although variable-speed three-blade wind turbines are nowadays quite popular, their control remains a challenging task. We propose a new easily implementable model-free control approach with the corresponding intelligent controllers. Several convincing computer simulations, including some fault accommodations, shows that model-free controllers are more efficient and robust than classic proportional-integral controllers.
description: 4th European Conference on Electrical Engineering & Computer Science (EECS 2020), Bern (Switzerland), December 21-23, 2020
Finiteness of integrable $n$-dimensional homogeneous polynomial potentials
Creators: name: Przybylska, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider natural Hamiltonian systems of $n>1$ degrees of freedom with polynomial homogeneous potentials of degree $k$. We show that under a genericity assumption, for a fixed $k$, at most only a finite number of such systems is integrable. We also explain how to find explicit forms of these integrable potentials for small $k$.
Spin dynamics near the critical doping in weakly-superconducting underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.35 (Tc=18K)
Creators: name: Stock, C.
name: Buyers, W. J. L.
name: Yamani, Z.
name: Tun, Z.
name: Birgeneau, R. J.
name: Liang, R.
name: Bonn, D.
name: Hardy, W. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using neutron scattering we have determined the magnetic structure and fluctuations in the YBa2Cu3O6.35 superconductor (Tc=18 K). The long-range ordered collinear spins of the insulating antiferromagnet are replaced by a commensurate central mode arising from slow, isotropically polarized, short-range spin correlations. The inelastic spectrum up to 30 meV is broad in wave vector and commensurate. In contrast to the the resonance peak of higher Tc superconductors, the spins exhibit a single overdamped spectrum whose rate of relaxation decreases on cooling and saturates at 5 meV below 50 K. As the relaxation rate saturates the quasi-static spin correlations grow and become resolution limited in energy. The spin susceptibility at high temperatures illustrates that the dominant energy scale is set by the temperature. At low temperatures, the scale length is geometric and not linked by velocity to dynamic widths. There is no observable suppression of the spin fluctuations or central mode upon the onset of superconductivity. The spins respond not to coherent charge pairs but to hole doping allowing coexistence of glassy short range spin order with superconductivity. Since the physics of the weakly superconducting system YBCO6.35 must connect continuously with that in more strongly superconducting YBCO6.5, we find that neither incommensurate stripe-like spin modulations nor a well-defined neutron spin resonance are essential for the onset with doping of pairing in a high temperature cuprate superconductor.
description: 22 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Density-functional theory of inhomogeneous electron systems in thin quantum wires
Creators: name: Abedinpour, S. H.
name: Polini, M.
name: Xianlong, Gao
name: Tosi, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by current interest in strongly correlated quasi-one-dimensional (1D) Luttinger liquids subject to axial confinement, we present a novel density-functional study of few-electron systems confined by power-low external potentials inside a short portion of a thin quantum wire. The theory employs the 1D homogeneous Coulomb liquid as the reference system for a Kohn-Sham treatment and transfers the Luttinger ground-state correlations to the inhomogeneous electron system by means of a suitable local-density approximation (LDA) to the exchange-correlation energy functional. We show that such 1D-adapted LDA is appropriate for fluid-like states at weak coupling, but fails to account for the transition to a ``Wigner molecules'' regime of electron localization as observed in thin quantum wires at very strong coupling. A detailed analyzes is given for the two-electron problem under axial harmonic confinement.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, submitted
Extended Full Block S-Procedure for Distributed Control of Interconnected Systems
Creators: name: De Pasquale, Giulia
name: Sturz, Yvonne R.
name: Valcher, Maria Elena
name: Smith, Roy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes a novel method for distributed controller synthesis of homogeneous interconnected systems consisting of identical subsystems. The objective of the designed controller is to minimize the L2-gain of the performance channel. The proposed method is an extended formulation of the Full Block S-Procedure (FBSP) where we introduce an additional set of variables. This allows relaxing the block-diagonal structural assumptions on the Lyapunov and multiplier matrices required for distributed control design, which reduces conservatism w.r.t most existing approaches. We show how to decompose the proposed extended FBSP into small synthesis conditions, of the size of one individual subsystem.
A Search for Propylene Oxide and Glycine in Sagittarius B2 (LMH) and Orion
Creators: name: Cunningham, M. R.
name: Jones, P. A.
name: Godfrey, P. D.
name: Cragg, D. M.
name: Bains, I.
name: Burton, M. G.
name: Calisse, P.
name: Crighton, N. H. M.
name: Curran, S. J.
name: Davis, T. M.
name: Dempsey, J. T.
name: Fulton, B.
name: Hidas, M. G.
name: Hill, T.
name: Kedziora-Chudczer, L.
name: Minier, V.
name: Pracy, M. B.
name: Purcell, C.
name: Shobbrook, J.
name: Travouillon, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Mopra Telescope to search for glycine and the simple chiral molecule propylene oxide in the Sgr B2 (LMH) and Orion KL, in the 3-mm band. We have not detected either species, but have been able to put sensitive upper limits on the abundances of both molecules. The 3-sigma upper limits derived for glycine conformer I are 3.7 x 10^{14} cm^{-2} in both Orion-KL and Sgr B2 (LMH), comparable to the reported detections of conformer I by Kuan et al. However, as our values are 3-sigma upper limits rather than detections we conclude that this weighs against confirming the detection of Kuan et al. We find upper limits for the glycine II column density of 7.7 x 10^{12} cm^{-2} in both Orion-KL and Sgr B2 (LMH), in agreement with the results of Combes et al. The results presented here show that glycine conformer II is not present in the extended gas at the levels detected by Kuan et al. for conformer I. Our ATCA results (Jones et al.) have ruled out the detection of glycine (both conformers I and II) in the compact hot core of the LMH at the levels reported, so we conclude that it is unlikely that Kuan et al. have detected glycine in either Sgr B2 or Orion-KL. We find upper limits for propylene oxide abundance of 3.0 x 10^{14} cm^{-2} in Orion-KL and 6.7 x 10^{14} cm^{-2} in Sgr B2 (LMH). We have detected fourteen features in Sgr B2 and four features in Orion-KL which have not previously been reported in the ISM, but have not be able to plausibly assign these transitions to any carrier.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by MNRAS 12th January 2007
Application and interpretation of deep learning for identifying pre-emergence magnetic-field patterns
Creators: name: Dhuri, Dattaraj B.
name: Hanasoge, Shravan M.
name: Birch, Aaron C.
name: Schunker, Hannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic flux generated within the solar interior emerges to the surface, forming active regions (ARs) and sunspots. Flux emergence may trigger explosive events, such as flares and coronal mass ejections and therefore understanding emergence is useful for space-weather forecasting. Evidence of any pre-emergence signatures will also shed light on sub-surface processes responsible for emergence. In this paper, we present a first analysis of emerging ARs from the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic Emerging Active Regions (SDO/HEAR) dataset (Schunker et al. 2016) using deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to characterize pre-emergence surface magnetic-field properties. The trained CNN classifies between pre-emergence (PE) line-of-sight magnetograms and a control set of non-emergence (NE) magnetograms with a True Skill Statistic (TSS) score of ~85%, 3h prior to emergence and ~40\%, 24h prior to emergence. Our results are better than a baseline classification TSS obtained using discriminant analysis of only the unsigned magnetic flux. We develop a network pruning algorithm to interpret the trained CNN and show that the CNN incorporates filters that respond positively as well as negatively to the unsigned magnetic flux of the magnetograms. Using synthetic magnetograms, we demonstrate that the CNN output is sensitive to the length-scale of the magnetic regions with small-scale and intense fields producing maximum CNN output and possibly a characteristic pre-emergence pattern. Given increasing popularity of deep learning, techniques developed here for interpretation of the trained CNN -- using network pruning and synthetic data -- are relevant for future applications in solar and astrophysical data analysis.
description: 24 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Identification and validation of a regulatory mutation upstream of the BMP2 gene associated with carcass length in pigs
Creators: name: Li, Jing
name: Peng, Song
name: Zhong, Liepeng
name: Zhou, Lisheng
name: Yan, Guorong
name: Xiao, Shijun
name: Ma, Junwu
name: Huang, Lusheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Sequence information for primers used for cDNA and DNA sequencing of the BMP2 gene.