cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
GRAPESPH: Cosmological SPH simulations with the special purpose hardware GRAPE
Creators: name: Steinmetz, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combined N--body/SPH code is presented which benefits from the high speed of the special purpose hardware GRAPE (GRAvity PipE). Besides gravitational forces, GRAPE also returns the list of neighbours and can, therefore, be used to speed up the hydrodynamical part, too. After the interaction list has been passed, density, pressure forces, propagation and interpolation of particles etc. are calculated on the front end, a 50 MHz SUN SPARC 10. In order to combine SPH and GRAPE, possible limitations due to the hardware design of GRAPE are carefully analyzed and modifications compared to current SPH codes are discussed. The resulting code, GRAPESPH, is similarly flexible as TREESPH. It seems especially well suited to investigate the formation of individual objects in a large scale structure environment, like eg. galaxies or clusters. The total performance is at least half as good as treesph on a CRAY and for most applications it seems to be even better. The CPU time per time step is only slightly dependent on the clustering state. GRAPESPH, therefore, provides a very attractive alternative to the use of supercomputers in cosmology.
description: 23 pages, uuencoded postscript file, 2 figures included
HP memristor: analysis, dynamics and analogue circuits
Creators: name: Koymen, Itir
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: This work presents a mathematical analysis of HP's memristor models, a skeleton integrator circuit which utilises a memristor, a CMOS-based weak inversion memristor dynamics emulator and a CMOS implementation of a neural network which employs memristors. The implications of the nonlinear dynamics of the memristor and its property of integrating its input are studied. By using an adjustable piecewise input signal, memristance is studied for various excitation signals for current driven and voltage driven memristor models. The importance of the timing, the amplitude and DC offset of the input signal and the resulting mean value with regards to how memristance variation is affected is investigated. A symbolic analysis of a simple memristor-capacitor circuit is carried out inspired by the simplest neuron model of a resistor-capacitor circuit. Having understood the dynamics exhibited by HP's memristor, the integration property of the device is exploited to attain a memristor-based, low power, capacitor-less, CMOS integrator circuit operating in weak inversion. Simulation results showing frequency and transient responses of the circuit are presented. The implications of varying memristor characteristics upon the operation of the integrator are investigated. Inspired by the natural nonlinear dynamics exhibited by CMOS devices operating in weak inversion, a compact, nanopower memristor dynamics integrator is presented. The memristive output of this emulator can be related to a charge-driven prototype memristor with a flux exponentially related to its charge. The memristor is also introduced to a CMOS implementation of a neural network known as a central pattern generator. The effect of including memristors in different configurations upon the nonlinear biological dynamics exhibited by this circuit is observed. The variation in the oscillation amplitude, rhythm and the added stability due to the memristors are reported. This work is a study of memristive dynamics and proposes various applications of this component which governs integration capabilities and can offer power efficient operation and low area consumption in analogue circuits.
Autonomous actuation of zero modes in mechanical networks far from equilibrium
Creators: name: Woodhouse, Francis G.
name: Ronellenfitsch, Henrik
name: Dunkel, Jörn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A zero mode, or floppy mode, is a non-trivial coupling of mechanical components yielding a degree of freedom with no resistance to deformation. Engineered zero modes have the potential to act as microscopic motors or memory devices, but this requires an internal actuation mechanism that can overcome unwanted fluctuations in other modes and the dissipation inherent in real systems. In this work, we show theoretically and experimentally that complex zero modes in mechanical networks can be selectively mobilized by non-equilibrium activity. We find that a correlated active bath actuates an infinitesimal zero mode while simultaneously suppressing fluctuations in higher modes compared to thermal fluctuations, which we experimentally mimic by high frequency shaking of a physical network. Furthermore, self-propulsive dynamics spontaneously mobilise finite mechanisms as exemplified by a self-propelled topological soliton. Non-equilibrium activity thus enables autonomous actuation of coordinated mechanisms engineered through network topology.
Regulation of type 2 inflammation by type I interferons
Creators: name: Ching, Yee-Man
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients. Experimental clinical infection studies indicate rhinovirus augments type 2 inflammation in asthma. Additionally, asthmatic lung cells have impaired type I interferon production in response to rhinovirus stimulation. Evidence suggests co-regulation of type I interferon signalling and type 2 immunity exists; therefore, we hypothesised that type I interferon deficiency in asthma leads to the reduced regulation of type 2 immunity, resulting in exacerbation of allergen-induced type 2 inflammation during rhinovirus infection. To investigate the role of type I interferon signalling, type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1) knockout mice, an anti-IFNAR1 blocking antibody and recombinant interferon-β therapy were used in mouse models of rhinovirus-induced airways disease. Impaired IFNAR1 signalling resulted in enhanced eosinophilic inflammation in response to allergen challenge and rhinovirus infection, which was associated with increased CCL24 and Th2 chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. Recombinant interferon-β treatment had limited effects on responses to the combination of allergen and rhinovirus, but suppressed allergen-induced CCL17. In THP1-derived macrophages, interferon-β co-treatment and pre-treatment suppressed IL-4 and TNFα-induced Th2 chemokine production. Microarray analysis was performed on these cells to help identify the regulatory mechanism of type I interferon on Th2 chemokine expression. Interferon-β pre-treatment significantly upregulated PTPN6 (encoding SHP1, a phosphatase that regulates STAT6 activity) expression compared with IL-4 and TNFα-stimulated cells. Western blot analysis did not identify differences in STAT6 phosphorylation following interferon-β treatment, or differences in SHP1 protein levels. These findings support a role for type I interferon in the negative regulation of type 2 inflammation in both the presence and absence of rhinovirus; however, this mechanism has yet to be identified. Impaired interferon responses in asthma may contribute to enhanced type 2 immunity that is considered pathological in allergic airways inflammation and virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
Stochastic control under partial information
Creators: name: Kollias-Liapis, Spyridon
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In this thesis, we consider the problem of continuous-time stochastic control with full and partial information and quadratic costs. Under some assumptions we reduce the problem of controlling a general diffusion process into controlling a piecewise linear system, called the Linearized system. The Linearized system is defined with respect to a time-partition of the fixed horizon [0,T]. We initially prove that the cost functional associated with the Linearized system converges to the cost functional of the original system as the mesh of the partition goes to 0. This in turn implies that an optimal control for the approximating system is also ε-optimal for the original system. Hence we centre our analysis at obtaining the optimal control for the Linearized system. To this end, we present two methodologies : the Perturbation method and the Policy Improvement method. In the first method, by imposing boundedness assumptions on the coefficients of the controlled diffusion, we construct the optimal control in each subinterval of the partition based on the framework of the so-called Linear Quadratic Regulator problem. In the second method we construct the optimal control in each subinterval of the partition by using a criterion under which, by starting from an arbitrary control and an associated cost, we eventually obtain, after consecutive steps, the control which minimises the cost functional of the Linearized system.
Ekman Pumping in Compact Astrophysical Bodies
Creators: name: Abney, Mark
name: Epstein, Richard I
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the dynamics of a rotating viscous fluid following an abrupt change in the angular velocity of the solid bounding surface. We include the effects of a density stratification and compressibility which are important in astrophysical objects such as neutron stars. We confirm and extend the conclusions of previous studies that stratification restricts the Ekman pumping process to a relatively thin layer near the boundary, leaving much of the interior fluid unaffected. We find that finite compressibility further inhibits Ekman pumping by decreasing the extent of the pumped layer and by increasing the time for spin-up. The results of this paper are important for interpreting the spin period discontinuities (``glitches'') observed in rotating neutron stars.
description: Latex, 21 pages, 5 ps figures. Revised version includes extended discussion in the introduction and references to previous works. Various minor corrections and clarifications included
Additional file 5: of Minimally invasive anterior muscle-sparing versus a transgluteal approach for hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fractures-a prospective randomised controlled trial including 190 elderly patients
Creators: name: Saxer, Franziska
name: Studer, Patrick
name: Jakob, Marcel
name: Suhm, Norbert
name: Rosenthal, Rachel
name: Dell-Kuster, Salome
name: Vach, Werner
name: Bless, Nicolas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Predictors for drop out. Description of the analytic strategy for the evaluation of the potential influence of patient characteristics on the availability of outcome parameters with display of the results in Additional file 6: Table S2. (DOCX 13 kb)
Sylvia Leaving Piers, Tom' Tape
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Gay activists
Political activists
Homeless persons
Homelessness--Government policy
Gentrification
Transgender people

description: Sylvia Rivera takes Iorio on a tour of the piers where she lived and had recently been cleared out by city regulation and urban renewal construction. The footage features interviews with other unhoused New Yorkers speaking about how the community at the west side piers, as well as footage of New York police and city officials clearing out the piers
Accelerating the convergence of exact diagonalization with the transcorrelated method: Quantum gas in one dimension with contact interactions
Creators: name: Jeszenszki, Péter
name: Luo, Hongjun
name: Alavi, Ali
name: Brand, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact diagonalization expansions of Bose or Fermi gases with contact interactions converge very slowly due to a non-analytic cusp in the wave function. Here we develop a transcorrelated approach where the cusp is treated exactly and folded into the many-body Hamiltonian with a similarity transformation that removes the leading order singularity. The resulting transcorrelated Hamiltonian is not hermitian but can be treated numerically with a standard projection approach. The smoothness of the wave function improves by at least one order and thus the convergence rate for the ground state energy improves. By numerical investigation of a one-dimensional gas of spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fermions we find the error in the transcorrelated energy to scale as $M^{-3}$ with a single-particle basis of $M$ plane waves compared to $M^{-1}$ for the expansion of the original Hamiltonian and $M^{-2}$ using conventional lattice renormalization.
Probing the Effects of Dimension-eight Operators Describing Anomalous Neutral Triple Gauge Boson Interactions at FCC-hh
Creators: name: Senol, A.
name: Denizli, H.
name: Yilmaz, A.
name: Cakir, I. Turk
name: Oyulmaz, K. Y.
name: Karadeniz, O.
name: Cakir, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of dimension-eight operators giving rise to anomalous neutral triple gauge boson interactions of $Zγγ$ and $ZγZ$ vertices in $pp\to l^-l^+γ$ and $pp\to ν\bar νγ$ are investigated at 100 TeV centre of mass energy of future circular hadron collider (FCC-hh). The transverse momentum of photon, invariant mass of $l^-l^+γ$ and angular distribution of charged lepton in the rest frame of $l^-l^+$ and Missing Energy Transverse (MET) are considered in the analysis. The realistic detector effects are also included with Delphes simulation. Sensitivity limits obtained at 95\% C.L. for $C_{\widetilde B W}/Λ^4$ and $C_{B B}/Λ^4$ couplings are $[-0.52;0.52] ([-0.40;0.40])$ TeV$^{-4}$, $[-0.43;0.43] ([-0.33;0.33])$ TeV$^{-4}$ in the dilepton+photon channel and $[-0.11;0.11] ([-0.084;0.084])$ TeV$^{-4}$, $[-0.092;0.092] ([-0.072;0.072])$ TeV$^{-4}$ in the MET+photon channel with $L_{int}$=1 (3) ab$^{-1}$, respectively.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 8 Tables, accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics B
Fast control of interactions in an ultracold two atom system: Managing correlations and irreversibility
Creators: name: Fogarty, Thomás
name: Ruks, Lewis
name: Li, Jing
name: Busch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We design and explore a shortcut to adiabaticity (STA) for changing the interaction strength between two ultracold, harmonically trapped bosons. Starting from initially uncorrelated, non-interacting particles, we assume a time-dependent tuning of the inter-particle interaction through a Feshbach resonance, such that the two particles are strongly interacting at the end of the driving. The efficiency of the STA is then quantified by examining the thermodynamic properties of the system, such as the irreversible work, which is related to the out-of-equilibrium excitations in the system. We also quantify the entanglement of the two-particle state through the von Neumann entropy and show that the entanglement produced in the STA process matches that of the desired target state. Given the fundamental nature of the two-atom problem in ultracold atomic physics, the presented shortcut can be expected to have significant impact on many processes that rely on inter-particle interactions.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. Submission to SciPost
Additional file 4: of Minimally invasive anterior muscle-sparing versus a transgluteal approach for hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fractures-a prospective randomised controlled trial including 190 elderly patients
Creators: name: Saxer, Franziska
name: Studer, Patrick
name: Jakob, Marcel
name: Suhm, Norbert
name: Rosenthal, Rachel
name: Dell-Kuster, Salome
name: Vach, Werner
name: Bless, Nicolas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Participation rates at follow-up visits and percentages of patients performing TUG or having assessed FIM, respectively. The percentages refer to the number of patients attending the visit. (DOCX 12 kb)
Determination of Inflationary Observables by Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Experiments
Creators: name: Knox, Lloyd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation produces nearly Harrison-Zel'dovich scalar and tensor perturbation spectra which lead to anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The amplitudes and shapes of these spectra can be parametrized by $Q_S^2$, $r\equiv Q_T^2/Q_S^2$, $n_S$ and $n_T$ where $Q_S^2$ and $Q_T^2$ are the scalar and tensor contributions to the square of the CMB quadrupole and $n_S$ and $n_T$ are the power-lawspectral indices. Even if we restrict ourselves to information from angles greater than one third of a degree, three of these observables can be measured with some precision. The combination $130^{1-n_S}Q_S^2$ can be known to better than $\pm 0.3\%$. The scalar index $n_S$ can be determined to better than $\pm 0.02$. The ratio $r$ can be known to about $\pm 0.1$ for $n_S \simeq 1$ and slightly better for smaller $n_S$. The precision with which $n_T$ can be measured depends weakly on $n_S$ and strongly on $r$. For $n_S \simeq 1$ $n_T$ can be determined with a precision of about $\pm 0.056(1.5+r)/r$. A full-sky experiment with a $20'$beam using technology available today, similar to those being planned by several groups, can achieve the above precision. Good angular resolution is more important than high signal-to-noise ratio; for a given detector sensitivity and observing time a smaller beam provides significantly more information than a larger beam. The uncertainties in $n_S$ and $r$ are roughly proportional to the beam size. We briefly discuss the effects of uncertainty in the Hubble constant, baryon density, cosmological constant and ionization history.
description: 28 pages of uuencoded postscript with 8 included figures. A postscript version is also available by anonymous ftp at ftp://astro.uchicago.edu/pub/astro/knox/fullsim.ps
Hebbian plasticity induced by temporally coincident BCI enhances post-stroke motor recovery
Creators: name: Krueger, Johanna
name: Krauth, Richard
name: Reichert, Christoph
name: Perdikis, Serafeim
name: Vogt, Susanne
name: Huchtemann, Tessa
name: Dürschmid, Stefan
name: Sickert, Almut
name: Lamprecht, Juliane
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can support functional restoration of a paretic limb post-stroke. Hebbian plasticity depends on temporally coinciding pre- and post-synaptic activity. A tight temporal relationship between motor cortical (MC) activity associated with attempted movement and FES-generated visuo-proprioceptive feedback is hypothesized to enhance motor recovery. Using a brain–computer interface (BCI) to classify MC spectral power in electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to trigger FES-delivery with detection of movement attempts improved motor outcomes in chronic stroke patients. We hypothesized that heightened neural plasticity earlier post-stroke would further enhance corticomuscular functional connectivity and motor recovery. We compared subcortical non-dominant hemisphere stroke patients in BCI-FES and Random-FES (FES temporally independent of MC movement attempt detection) groups. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). We recorded high-density EEG and transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked potentials before and after treatment. The BCI group showed greater: FMA-UE improvement; motor evoked potential amplitude; beta oscillatory power and long-range temporal correlation reduction over contralateral MC; and corticomuscular coherence with contralateral MC. These changes are consistent with enhanced post-stroke motor improvement when movement is synchronized with MC activity reflecting attempted movement.
A Complete Redshift Survey to the Zwicky Catalog Limit in a 2-hour by 15-degree Region Around 3C 273
Creators: name: Grogin, Norman A.
name: Geller, Margaret J.
name: Huchra, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compile 1113 redshifts (648 new measurements, 465 from the literature) for Zwicky catalogue galaxies in the region (-3.5deg < δ< 8.5deg, 11.5h < α< 13.5h). We include redshifts for 114 component objects in 78 Zwicky catalogue multiplets. The redshift survey in this region is 99.5% complete to the Zwicky catalogue limit, m_Zw=15.7. It is 99.9% complete to m_Zw = 15.5, the CfA Redshift Survey (CfA2) magnitude limit. The survey region is adjacent to the northern portion of CfA2, overlaps the northernmost slice of the Las Campanas Redshift Survey, includes the southern extent of the Virgo Cluster, and is roughly centered on the QSO 3C 273. As in other portions of the Zwicky catalogue, bright and faint galaxies trace the same large-scale structure.
description: 43 pages (3 tables and 4 figures included separately); ApJS, in press
PHOTON SPLITTING IN STRONGLY MAGNETIZED COSMIC OBJECTS -- REVISITED
Creators: name: Wunner, Günter
name: Sang, Robert
name: Berg, Dagmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reassess the importance of photon splitting to spectral formation in cosmic X-ray and $γ$-ray sources with magnetic fields of several $10^{12}$ gauss. Our analysis is based on the recent numerically accurate evaluation of the full relativistic expression for photon splitting at neutron star magnetic field strengths (Mentzel et al. 1994). Using these results we demonstrate that Adler's (1971) widely used approximation formula for photon splitting underestimates the correct splitting rate by {\em several} orders of magnitude, at these magnetic field strengths. Even down at X-ray energies of a few tens of keV magnetic photon splitting is found to be an efficient photon conversion process, producing mean free paths as short as several tens of centimeters for fields on the order of $5 \times 10^{12}$ gauss. We conclude that previous analyses of the contributions of magnetic photon splitting to spectral formation based on Adler's approximation formula are physically unreliable, and, in particular, that photon splitting must be included in realistic modelings of spectra of both strongly magnetized cosmic X-ray and $γ$-ray sources.
description: 7 pages, including 2 figures, uuencoded compressed Postscript, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters. The preprint can also be found at http://www.tp1.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/persons/rosa/sissapage.html
Recovery of the Shape of the Mass Power Spectrum from the Lyman-alpha Forest
Creators: name: Hui, Lam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for recovering the shape of the mass power spectrum on large scales from the transmission fluctuations of the Lyman-alpha forest, which takes into account directly redshift-space distortions. The procedure, in discretized form, involves the inversion of a triangular matrix which projects the mass power spectrum in 3-D real-space to the transmission power spectrum in 1-D redshift-space. We illustrate the method by performing a linear calculation relating the two. A method that does not take into account redshift-space anisotropy tends to underestimate the steepness of the mass power spectrum, in the case of linear distortions. The issue of the effective bias-factor for the linear distortion kernel is discussed.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; minor revisions
A Statistical Treatment of the Gamma-Ray Burst "No Host Galaxy" Problem: II. Energies of Standard Candle Bursts
Creators: name: Band, D. L.
name: Hartmann, D. H.
name: Schaefer, B. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the discovery that the afterglows after some bursts are coincident with faint galaxies, the search for host galaxies is no longer a test of whether bursts are cosmological, but rather a test of particular cosmological models. The methodology we developed to investigate the original "no host galaxy" problem is equally valid for testing different cosmological models, and is applicable to the galaxies coincident with optical transients. We apply this methodology to a family of models where we vary the total energy of standard candle bursts. We find that total isotropic energies of E<2e52~erg are ruled out while log(E)~53 erg is favored.
description: To appear in Ap.J., 514, 15 pages + 7 figures, AASTeX 4.0. Revisions are: additional author, updated data, and minor textual changes
Lettre de Pierre Dardailhon à Jean-François Séguier,
Creators: name: Dardailhon, Pierre
name: Dardailhon, Pierre
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021
Subjects: Nîmes

description: [transcription] Monsieur,

Après avoir examiné attentivement le compte de Monsieur Cler article par article, j'ai observé comme vous monsieur qu'il n'y avait de diminution à y faire, non dans le nombre des journées qui ont été employées, mais bien dans les prix que Monsieur Cler leur a fixé, qui est beaucoup au-dessus de ce qu'on doit les payer. Cette réduction pour les prix des journées, tant des maçons que des manoeuvres, est juste. Quand à la perte réelle des bois de charpente et autres pour les étançonnements, échafaudages, etc., que Monsieur Cler demande lui être alloué pour le dommage de ces bois, ces articles ne sont point exagérés, et je crois qu'on peut les lui passer.

J'aurais eu l'honneur de venir chez vous, mais des douleurs violentes que j'ai dans les reins, m'ont empêché de sortir aujourd'hui, ce qui m'a engagé de vous donner mon avis par écrit. J'ai cellui de vous être avec un très sincère et respectueux attachement,

Monsieur,

Votre très humble et très cher serviteur

Dardailhon
description: [personnes citées] M. (Maître maçon de Nîmes) Cler
description: Source: [lieu de Conservation] Nîmes, Bibliothèque Carré d'Art [cote]ms. 115, fol. 36
description: Source: ark:/12148/btv1b10015824b
description: created: 0000-00-00
Additional file 1: of High-Q Fano Resonance in Terahertz Frequency Based on an Asymmetric Metamaterial Resonator
Creators: name: Xie, Qin
name: Dong, Guang-Xi
name: Ben-Xin Wang
name: Huang, Wei-Qing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: The variation of the response with the thickness of the analyte layer. (DOCX 297 kb)
Large $N$ expansion of the moments and free energy of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, and the enumeration of intersection graphs
Creators: name: Jia, Yiyang
name: Verbaarschot, Jacobus J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explain the relation between the free energy of the SYK model for $N$ Majorana fermions with a random $q$-body interaction and the moments of its spectral density. The high temperature expansion of the free energy gives the cumulants of the spectral density. Using that the cumulants are extensive we find the $p$ dependence of the $1/N^2$ correction of the $2p$-th moments obtained in 1801.02696. Conversely, the $1/N^2$ corrections to the moments give the correction (even $q$) to the $β^6$ coefficient of the high temperature expansion of the free energy for arbitrary $q$. Our result agrees with the $1/q^3$ correction obtained by Tarnopolsky using a mean field expansion. These considerations also lead to a more powerful method for solving the moment problem and intersection-graph enumeration problems. We take advantage of this and push the moment calculation to $1/N^3$ order and find surprisingly simple enumeration identities for intersection graphs. The $1/N^3$ corrections to the moments, give corrections to the $β^8$ coefficient (for even $q$) of the high temperature expansion of the free energy which have not been calculated before. Results for odd $q$, where the SYK `Hamiltonian' is the supercharge of a supersymmetric theory are discussed as well.
FAR-INFRARED SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE GALAXY BY COBE
Creators: name: Reach, W. T.
name: Dwek, E.
name: Fixsen, D. J.
name: Hewagama, T.
name: Mather, J. C.
name: Shafer, R. A.
name: Banday, A. J.
name: Bennett, C. L.
name: Cheng, E. S.
name: Eplee,, R. E.
name: Leisawitz, D.
name: Lubin, P. M.
name: Read, S. M.
name: Rosen, L. P.
name: Shuman, F. G. D.
name: Smoot, G. F.
name: Sodroski, T. J.
name: Wright, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive Galactic continuum spectra from 5-96/cm from COBE/FIRAS observations. The spectra are dominated by warm dust emission, which may be fit with a single temperature in the range 16-21 K (for nu^2 emissivity) along each line of sight. Dust heated by the attenuated radiation field in molecular clouds gives rise to intermediate temperature (10-14 K) emission in the inner Galaxy only. A widespread, very cold component (4-7 K) with optical depth that is spatially correlated with the warm component is also detected. The cold component is unlikely to be due to very cold dust shielded from starlight, because it is present at high latitude. We consider hypotheses that the cold component is due to enhanced submillimeter emissivity of the dust that gives rise to the warm component, or that it may be due to very small, large, or fractal particles. Lack of substantial power above the emission from warm dust places strong constraints on the amount of cold gas in the Galaxy. The microwave sky brightness due to interstellar dust is dominated by the cold component, and its angular variation could limit our ability to discern primordial fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation.
description: UUencoded tar file, including LaTeX manuscript file and 11 postscript figure files; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, scheduled for 20 Sep 1995 issue
Public access to environmental information and participation in environmental decision-making: a Malaysian case study
Creators: name: Syafrina, Nur
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Access to information, access to public participation and access to justice are recognised as the pillars of sound environmental governance, and are at the heart of environmental democracy. Collectively referred to as “environmental access rights”, they are promoted under Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and form the core pillars of a legally binding international instrument known as the Aarhus Convention. Malaysia, a developing country that has undergone rapid change, is striving to achieve its development goals through “Vision 2020”, but still struggles to balance between the economic, social, and environmental aspects of its development. By implementing transformation programmes, the Malaysian Government is displaying efforts to transition its “government-knows-best” approach into one that is more transparent, accountable, inclusive and citizen-centric. However, the findings of this empirical, exploratory research indicate that public access to environmental information and participation in environmental decision-making remain limited in Malaysia. Furthermore, the author’s investigation into two scenarios that took place in the country: 1) The Rare Earth Controversy in Kuantan, and 2) The Major Floods of 2014/2015, identified examples of how deficits in access to environmental information and public participation in Malaysia’s current system of environmental governance could arguably exacerbate such situations, and may contribute to social unrest as well as lack of confidence in the Government. Drawing from evidence of the research findings, the author suggests that Malaysia could benefit from enhanced access to environmental information as well as public participation in environmental decision-making, and thus proposes a framework to help the country progress towards achieving this objective. This research breaks new ground as it reports on recent events and developments (or lack thereof) in an area of study that has been sparsely explored in Malaysia. It is also timely as the country still faces environmental deterioration and increasing public demands for improved Government transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement. It is hoped that the research work contained in this thesis will enrich the existing knowledge on the subject area of environmental governance, specifically environmental access rights, and contribute towards promoting good environmental governance and democracy in Malaysia, the ASEAN region, and across the world.
Determining the Redshift of Reionization From the Spectra of High-Redshift Sources
Creators: name: Haiman, Zoltan
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The redshift at which the universe was reionized is currently unknown. We examine the optimal strategy for extracting this redshift, z_{reion}, from the spectra of early sources. For a source located at a redshift z_s beyond but close to reionization, 1
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ
HPV Vaccine Uptake in Young Adolescents at a Primary Care Clinic
Creators: name: Buck, Tahisha
name: Martinez, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Papillomavirus Vaccines
subject: HPV vaccine

description: HPV education with a role-play activity increases the strength of recommendation when primary care clinic staff offer the HPV vaccine to parents of patients at age 9.
The resource theory of quantum thermodynamics
Creators: name: Lostaglio, Matteo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Planck found, when attempting to describe the way in which hot bodies glow, that energy at microscopic scales often comes in discrete chunks. Thus began the long and intimate relationship between the field of thermodynamics, which explores our ability to manipulate heat and other energy transfers between macroscopic systems, and quantum mechanics, which explains the dynamics of individual microscopic systems. Even as both our technology and our theoretical investigations have extended to ever-smaller devices, our understanding of quantum effects on thermodynamics has remained almost exclusively limited to the quantized nature of energy. There is much more, however, to quantum theory than energy quantization. In this thesis we focus on the property of quantum coherence, the ability of quantum systems to emulate Schrodinger’s cat and somehow be neither dead nor alive, but something completely different altogether. We provide a simple and elegant formulation for the processing of coherence in thermodynamics, relying on the fact that thermodynamical processes possess an underlying time-translation symmetry. This fact allows us to quantify the ways in which coherence can play an active role, facilitating otherwise impossible thermodynamic transformations. We argue that coherence should be thought of as a distinctly quantum-mechanical thermodynamic resource. By considering an isolated quantum system connected, for some period of time, to a thermal bath, we give fundamental limitations on how coherence can be irreversibly manipulated. These limitations are related to those dictated on energy transfer by the second law of thermodynamics. Others topics that are investigated here is what is the role of correlations at the smallest scales and the conversion of quantum coherence into work. It has long been appreciated that thermodynamics is subtly interlinked with the notion of information. This work provides evidence that, to apply the laws of thermodynamics to the smallest systems around us, we must develop deeper insights into the nature of quantum information.
The synthesis and utilisation of ionic liquids in the removal of harmful impurities from fuel
Creators: name: Corbett, Paul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The development of a pure and thus efficient fuel is of increasing importance in the use of a finite resource to be environmentally responsible and economically viable. Trace amounts of dissolved sodium has been identified as a suspect leading to the formation of internal diesel injector deposits (IDIDs) which proves problematic by reducing fuel efficiency in high pressure diesel injectors. Zinc contaminants have been identified as suspects leading to nozzle deposit formation and copper contaminants quickly reduce the oxidation stability of diesel fuel. I demonstrate in this research the successful extraction of ppm levels of Na+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ from model diesel fuels. A range of ionic liquids (ILs) with a variety of cations and anions were examined for their effectiveness at different loadings of IL relative to the fuel. Results provide several clear trends with some exceptional capabilities of the ILs in the extractions. The tunable properties of the ILs ions allow the ‘design’ to meet the requirements for a particular target and here provide several potential candidates for the extractions 23Na NMR was used in the determination of donor number (DN) and Kamlet-Taft parameters were gathered for each IL providing information of possible hydrogen-bond acidity / basicity (α / β) and dipolarity/polarizability solvent strength (𝜋*). In addition the non-random two liquid model (NRTL) was applied to correlate the experimental extraction results and determine τ parameters for each of the ILs. Donor number (DN), τ parameters and β values in addition to interfacial tension and viscosity provide information of the extraction mechanisms and predict performance, enabling a chemical design of ILs that are ideal for fuel purification.
Tribological testing of potential hemiarthroplasty materials using a custom-designed multi-directional reciprocating rig
Creators: name: Kanca, Yusuf
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The material selection plays a major role in the design of a patellofemoral joint (PFJ) replacement due to the reported damage of the femoral condyles in deep knee flexion using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for the patellar components. The use of softer materials such as PCU and PVA/PVP may induce fluid film lubrication and thus reduce the risk of cartilage damage. This research aims to investigate in-vitro tribological performance of the articulation of cartilage-on-PCU (Bionate® I 80A and Bionate® II 80A) and cartilage-on-PVA/PVP (different concentrations and PVA to PVP fractions) using a custom-designed multi-directional pin-on-plate rig. PVA/PVP showed low COF values (between 0.12±0.01 and 0.14±0.02) which were closer to the cartilage-on-cartilage articulation (0.03±0.01) compared to PCUs (0.41±0.02 for Bionate® II 80A and 0.50±0.02 for Bionate® I 80A). However, these PVA/PVP hydrogels were worn massively after 15 h articulation against the condyles. On the other hand, the counter-face condyles of PCUs were severely damaged, similar to the damage observed in the cartilage-on-stainless steel articulation. Among the PCUs, Bionate® II 80A showed superior tribological performance without depending on the lubricant and surface roughness parameters. When a migrating cartilage contact was achieved by articulating PCU pins on cartilage plates, PCUs revealed similar COF values (0.04±0.01) to the cartilage-on-cartilage articulation. This work has shown that PVA/PVP hydrogels require further development to enhance their wear resistance if they are to be used as part of a joint replacement. However, they have low COF against articular cartilage and so are attractive possibilities for the future. The tested PCU grades have shown PCUs (especially Bionate® II 80A) can work with acceptably low COF under the right articulating conditions and that they have low wear in those tests. Therefore, the work in this thesis supports the further development of patellofemoral joint prostheses which include PCU components.
An ``outside-in'' outburst of Aql X--1
Creators: name: Shahbaz, T.
name: Bandyopadhyay, R. M.
name: Charles, P. A.
name: Wagner, R. M.
name: Muhli, P.
name: Hakala, P.
name: Casares, J.
name: Greenhill, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical spectroscopy and optical and infrared photometry of the neutron star soft X-ray transient Aql X--1 during its X-ray outburst of August 1997. By modelling the X-ray, optical, and IR light curves, we find a 3 day delay between the IR and X-ray rise times, analogous to the UV-optical delay seen in dwarf novae outbursts and black hole X-ray transients. We interpret this delay as the signature of an ``outside-in'' outburst, in which a thermal instability in the outer disc propagates inward. This outburst is the first of this type definitively identified in a neutron star X-ray transient.
description: 6 pages latex, 2 figures, Accepted by MNRAS
HE 3-1475 AND ITS JETS
Creators: name: Bobrowsky, M.
name: Zijlstra, A. A.
name: Grebel, E. K.
name: Tinney, C. G.
name: Hekkert, P. te Lintel
name: Van de Steene, G. C.
name: Likkel, L.
name: Bedding, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectra and high-resolution images taken with HST, the NTT, the VLA, and the MPIA/ESO 2.2m of the emission-line star He 3-1475 which we suggest is a post-AGB star. The star is at the origin of a 15-arcsec-long structure containing symmetrically opposing bright knots. The knots have radial velocities of about 500 km/s from the center of He 3-1475 to the ends of the jets. HST snapshots show that the core of He 3-1475 is unipolar with a star at the SE end and the nebula fanning out toward the NW. VLA observations show the presence of OH masers, which are positioned parallel to the optical jets. A model is proposed that accounts for all of the observational data. This unusual object may link the OH/IR stars having extreme outflow velocities with highly bipolar planetary nebulae.
description: 14 pages, uu-encoded postcript. 6 figures available on request from Matt Bobrowski (matt@cta.com)
Origin and evolution of the bread wheat D genome
Creators: name: Cavalet-Giorsa, Emile
name: González-Muñoz, Andrea
name: Athiyannan, Naveenkumar
name: Holden, Samuel
name: Salhi, Adil
name: Gardener, Catherine
name: Stein, Nils
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally dominant crop and major source of calories and proteins for the human diet. Compared with its wild ancestors, modern bread wheat shows lower genetic diversity, caused by polyploidisation, domestication and breeding bottlenecks1,2. Wild wheat relatives represent genetic reservoirs, and harbour diversity and beneficial alleles that have not been incorporated into bread wheat. Here we establish and analyse extensive genome resources for Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), the donor of the bread wheat D genome. Our analysis of 46 Ae. tauschii genomes enabled us to clone a disease resistance gene and perform haplotype analysis across a complex disease resistance locus, allowing us to discern alleles from paralogous gene copies. We also reveal the complex genetic composition and history of the bread wheat D genome, which involves contributions from genetically and geographically discrete Ae. tauschii subpopulations. Together, our results reveal the complex history of the bread wheat D genome and demonstrate the potential of wild relatives in crop improvement.
Additional file 1: of Effect of persuasive messages on National Health Service Organ Donor Registrations: a pragmatic quasi-randomised controlled trial with one million UK road taxpayers
Creators: name: Sallis, Anna
name: Harper, Hugo
name: Sanders, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Screenshots of intervention messages. (a) Control. (b) Social norms. (c) Social norms and image. (d) Social norms and logo. (e) Loss frame. (f) Gain frame. (g) Reciprocity. (h) Cognitive dissonance. (DOCX 89 kb)
Spin-orbit coupling and resonances in the conductance of quantum wires
Creators: name: Khrapai, V. S.
name: Nagaev, K. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a possibility of pair electron-electron e-e collisions in a ballistic wire with spin-orbit coupling and only one populated mode. Unlike in a spin-degenerate system, a combination of spin-splitting in momentum space with a momentum-dependent spin-precession opens up a finite phase space for pair e-e collisions around three distinct positions of the wire's chemical potential. For a short wire, we calculate corresponding resonant contributions to the conductance, which have different power-law temperature dependencies, and, in some cases, vanish if the wire's transverse confinement potential is symmetric. Our results may explain the recently observed feature at the lower conductance plateau in InAs wires.
description: final version
Optical and CO Radio Observations of Poor Cluster Zwicky 1615.8+3505
Creators: name: Tomita, A.
name: Maehara, H.
name: Takeuchi, T. T.
name: Nakanishi, K.
name: Honma, M.
name: Tutui, Y.
name: Sofue, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cluster Zwicky 1615.8+3505 is considered to be a dynamically young poor cluster. To investigate the morphology and star-formation activity of galaxies under the environment of a dynamically young poor cluster, we have performed V, R, and I surface photometry, optical low-resolution spectroscopy, and 12CO (J=1-0) line observations for member galaxies. Our data show that more than 90% of the observed galaxies show regular morphologies and no star-formation activities, indicating that the environment does not affect these galaxy properties. Among sixteen galaxies observed, only NGC 6104 shows a significant star-formation activity, and shows a distorted morphology, indicating a tidal interaction. This galaxy contains double knots, and only one knot possesses Seyfert activity, though the sizes and luminosities are similar to each other; we also discuss this feature.
description: LaTeX manuscript (text.tex, use PASJ style files), four PS figures (fig[a-d].ps), and three PASJ style files. text.tex, figb.ps, and figd.ps are up-dated. To be appeared in The Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 51, No. 3 (1999 June issue)