cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The utilization of heat coagulated beer wort protein (trub)
Creators: name: Yeow, Tony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Trub obtained from the brewing process was extracted using isopropanol as solvent to yield a bitter hop resin fraction and an insoluble protein complex. The protein was subjected to an amino acid analysis; lysine was the limiting amino acid in trub protein, followed by isoleucine. Its essential amino acid index was approximately equivalent to that of barley protein. Functionally, it was found that trub protein had poor solubility, particularly at acid pH values, but that its water-holding capacity was good. Quantitative evaluation of the trub resin was carried out by lead conductometry, the lead conductance value of 68% being used as a guide to potential brewing value. The extracted resin was also examined qualitatively for its bittering potential by TLC. Although many resin components were separated by means of TLC, difficulties with identification yielded inconclusive results in this area. Finally, the bittering capacity of the trub resin was organoleptically compared to fresh hops in prepared beers. Trub resin was capable of bittering beer but imparted a harsher character to beer than fresh hops. Moreover, the resin tended to inhibit the formation of a stable yeast head during the ale fermentation. Finally, the actual resin extraction procedure was empirically examined to determine the combined effect of agitation and solvent-ratio on the yield of resin and protein. Protein yield was unaffected by these 2 factors, but resin yield was found to be most efficient when employing maximum agitation and using the minimum amount of solvent. Using more solvent did not significantly increase resin yield and tended to depress the effect of agitation.
A New "Non-energetic" Route to Complex Organic Molecules in Astrophysical Environments: The C + H$_2$O $\rightarrow$ H$_2$CO Solid-state Reaction
Creators: name: Potapov, Alexey
name: Krasnokutski, Serge
name: Jäger, Cornelia
name: Henning, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solid-state reaction C + H$_2$O $\rightarrow$ H$_2$CO was studied experimentally following the codeposition of C atoms and H$_2$O molecules at low temperatures. In spite of the reaction barrier and absence of energetic triggering, the reaction proceeds fast on the experimental timescale pointing to its quantum tunneling mechanism. This route to formaldehyde shows a new "non-energetic" pathway to complex organic and prebiotic molecules in astrophysical environments. Energetic processing of the produced ice by UV irradiation leads mainly to the destruction of H$_2$CO and the formation of CO$_2$ challenging the role of energetic processing in the synthesis of complex organic molecules under astrophysically relevant conditions.
description: to appear in APJ
Candidate isolated neutron stars in the 4XMM-DR10 catalog of X-ray sources
Creators: name: Rigoselli, Michela
name: Mereghetti, Sandro
name: Tresoldi, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most isolated neutron stars have been discovered thanks to the detection of their pulsed non-thermal emission, at wavelengths spanning from radio to gamma-rays. However, if the beamed non-thermal radiation does not intercept our line of sight or it is too faint or absent, isolated neutron stars can also be detected through their thermal emission, which peaks in the soft X-ray band and is emitted nearly isotropically. In the past thirty years, several thermally-emitting isolated neutron stars have been discovered thanks to X-ray all-sky surveys, observations targeted at the center of supernova remnants, or as serendipitous X-ray sources. Distinctive properties of these relatively rare X-ray sources are very soft spectra and high ratios of X-ray to optical flux. The recently released 4XMM-DR10 catalog contains more than half a million X-ray sources detected with the XMM-Newton telescope in the 0.2-10 keV range in observations carried out from 2000 to 2019. Based on a study of the spectral properties of these sources and on cross-correlations with catalogs of possible counterparts, we have carried out a search of isolated neutron stars, finding four potential candidates. The spectral and long-term variability analysis of these candidates, using also Chandra and Swift-XRT data, allowed us to point out the most interesting sources deserving further multiwavelength investigations.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 10 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
A semi-supervised self-training method to develop assistive intelligence for segmenting multiclass bridge elements from inspection videos
Creators: name: Karim, Muhammad Monjurul
name: Qin, Ruwen
name: Yin, Zhaozheng
name: Chen, Genda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bridge inspection is an important step in preserving and rehabilitating transportation infrastructure for extending their service lives. The advancement of mobile robotic technology allows the rapid collection of a large amount of inspection video data. However, the data are mainly images of complex scenes, wherein a bridge of various structural elements mix with a cluttered background. Assisting bridge inspectors in extracting structural elements of bridges from the big complex video data, and sorting them out by classes, will prepare inspectors for the element-wise inspection to determine the condition of bridges. This paper is motivated to develop an assistive intelligence model for segmenting multiclass bridge elements from inspection videos captured by an aerial inspection platform. With a small initial training dataset labeled by inspectors, a Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) pre-trained on a large public dataset was transferred to the new task of multiclass bridge element segmentation. Besides, the temporal coherence analysis attempts to recover false negatives and identify the weakness that the neural network can learn to improve. Furthermore, a semi-supervised self-training (S$^3$T) method was developed to engage experienced inspectors in refining the network iteratively. Quantitative and qualitative results from evaluating the developed deep neural network demonstrate that the proposed method can utilize a small amount of time and guidance from experienced inspectors (3.58 hours for labeling 66 images) to build the network of excellent performance (91.8% precision, 93.6% recall, and 92.7% f1-score). Importantly, the paper illustrates an approach to leveraging the domain knowledge and experiences of bridge professionals into computational intelligence models to efficiently adapt the models to varied bridges in the National Bridge Inventory.
description: Published in Structural Health Monitoring
Witten index in supersymmetric 3d theories revisited
Creators: name: Smilga, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a direct calculation of Witten index in N = 1,2,3 supersymmetric Yang-Mills Chern-Simons 3d theories. We do it in the framework of Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approach by putting the system into a small spatial box and studying the effective Hamiltonian depending on the zero field harmonics. At the tree level, our results coincide with the results of Witten, but there is a difference in the way the loop effects are implemented. In Witten's approach, one has only take into account the fermion loops, which bring about a negative shift of the (chosen positive at the tree level) Chern-Simons coupling k. As a result, Witten index vanishes and supersymmetry is broken at small k. In the effective BO Hamiltonian framework, fermion, gluon and ghost loops contribute on an equal footing. Fermion loop contribution to the effective Hamiltonian can be evaluated exactly, and their effect amounts to the negative shift k -> k - h/2 for N =1 and k -> k - h for N = 2,3 in the tree-level formulae for the index. In our approach, with rather natural assumptions on the structure of bosonic corrections, the shift k -> k + h brought about by the gluon loops also affects the index. Since the total shift of k is positive or zero, Witten index appears to be nonzero at nonzero k, and supersymmetry is not broken. We discuss possible reasons for such disagreement.
description: A bug in Eq.(2.20) is fixed
Magneto-Acoustic Wave Oscillations in Solar Spicules
Creators: name: Ajabshirizadeh, A.
name: Tavabi, E.
name: Koutchmy, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some observations suggest that solar spicules show small amplitude and high frequency oscillations of magneto-acoustic waves, which arise from photospheric granular forcing. We apply the method of MHD seismology to determine the period of kink waves. For this purposes, the oscillations of a magnetic cylinder embedded in a field-free environment is investigated. Finally, diagnostic diagrams displaying the oscillatory period in terms of some equilibrium parameters are provided to allow a comparison between theoretical results and those coming from observations.
description: 10 pages, 4 figs
Additional file 1 of OTUD4-mediated GSDME deubiquitination enhances radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inducing pyroptosis
Creators: name: Di, Muping
name: Miao, Jingjing
name: Pan, Qiuzhong
name: Wu, Zonglong
name: Chen, Boyu
name: Wang, Muru
name: Zhao, Jingjing
name: Huang, Huageng
name: Bai, Jiewen
name: Wang, Qijing
name: Tang, Yan
name: Li, Yongqiang
name: He, Jia
name: Xiang, Tong
name: Weng, Desheng
name: Wang, Lin
name: Xia, Jianchuan
name: Zhao, Chong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Radiotherapy induces GSDME-dependent pyroptosis in NPC cells through the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Figure S2. Upregulation of GSDME enhances pyroptosis and radiosensitivity in NPC cells in vitro. Figure S3. Low GSDME expression correlates with radioresistance and poor prognosis in NPC. Figure S4. No significant difference is found in the mRNA expression of GSDME between radiosensitive and radioresistant NPC specimens. Figure S5. Knockdown GSDME significantly reverses cell dead promotion induced by overexpression OTUD4 after irradiation. Figure S6. Upregulating or silencing OTUD4/GSDME results in no significant difference in xenograft tumor growth in the absence of ionizing radiation. Figure S7. Upregulating OTUD4 increases oligomerization level of GSDME-N in NPC cells after irradiation, which is reversed by GSDME knockdown. Figure S8. Percentage of OTUD4 low expression and high expression in NPC tissues. Table S1. Clinicopathological characteristics and tumor-specific expression of GSDME in NPC. Table S2. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with PFS and LRRFS in 150 NPC patients. Table S3. Relationship between OTUD4 expression and patient clinicopathological features. Table S4. shRNA target sequences used in this study.
Three-Dimensional two-pion source image from Pb+Pb Collisions at Sqrts_NN=17.3 GeV: New constraints for source breakup dynamics
Creators: name: Alt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Source imaging methodology is used to provide a three-dimensional two-pion source function for mid-rapidity pion pairs with $p_T<70$ MeV/c in central ($0-7%$) Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt s_{NN}$=17.3 GeV. Prominent non-Gaussian tails are observed in the pion pair transverse momentum (outward) and in the beam (longitudinal) directions. Model calculations reproduce them with the assumption of Bjorken longitudinal boost invariance and transverse flow blast-wave dynamics coupled with "outside-in burning" in the transverse direction; they also yield a proper time for breakup and emission duration for the pion source.
description: Six pages 4 figs. Submitted for publication
State space collapse and diffusion approximation for a network operating under a fair bandwidth sharing policy
Creators: name: Kang, W. N.
name: Kelly, F. P.
name: Lee, N. H.
name: Williams, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a connection-level model of Internet congestion control, introduced by Massoulié and Roberts [Telecommunication Systems 15 (2000) 185--201], that represents the randomly varying number of flows present in a network. Here, bandwidth is shared fairly among elastic document transfers according to a weighted $α$-fair bandwidth sharing policy introduced by Mo and Walrand [IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 8 (2000) 556--567] [$α\in (0,\infty)$]. Assuming Poisson arrivals and exponentially distributed document sizes, we focus on the heavy traffic regime in which the average load placed on each resource is approximately equal to its capacity. A fluid model (or functional law of large numbers approximation) for this stochastic model was derived and analyzed in a prior work [Ann. Appl. Probab. 14 (2004) 1055--1083] by two of the authors. Here, we use the long-time behavior of the solutions of the fluid model established in that paper to derive a property called multiplicative state space collapse, which, loosely speaking, shows that in diffusion scale, the flow count process for the stochastic model can be approximately recovered as a continuous lifting of the workload process.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP591 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Brittle stars of the Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: Ugalde, Diana
name: Simões, Nuno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Brittle stars
Ophiuroidea
Biodiversity
Biodiversity Marine
Gulf of Mexico
Marine Biology
Taxonomy

description: This Infographic is a product of BDMY project (https://www.bdmy.org.mx), that was produced with funds of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies.
The information in the infographic was reviewed and validated by a group of specialists in the taxon.

CC-BY-NC-ND
Time-resolved optical photometry of the ultra-compact binary 4U0614+091
Creators: name: Shahbaz, T.
name: Watson, C. A.
name: Zurita, C.
name: Villaver, E.
name: Hernandez-Peralta, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed optical study of the ultra-compact X-ray binary 4U0614+091. We have used 63 hrs of time-resolved optical photometry taken with three different telescopes (IAC80, NOT and SPM) to search for optical modulations. The power spectra of each dataset reveals sinusoidal modulations with different periods, which are not always present. The strongest modulation has a period of 51.3 mins, a semi-amplitude of 4.6 mmags, and is present in the IAC80 data. The SPM and NOT data show periods of 42 mins and 64 mins respectively, but with much weaker amplitudes, 2.6 mags and 1.3 mmags respectively. These modulations arise from either X-ray irradiation of the inner face of the secondary star and/or a superhump modulation from the accretion disc, or quasi-periodic modulations in the accretion disc. It is unclear whether these periods/quasi-periodic modulations are related to the orbital period, however, the strongest period of 51.3 mins is close to earlier tentative orbital periods. Further observations taken over a long base-line are encouraged.
description: Accepted for publication in PASP
Holographic Supergravity Dual to Three Dimensional N=2 Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Ahn, Changhyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By examining the previously known holographic N=2 supersymmetric renormalization group flow solution in four dimensions, we describe the mass-deformed Bagger-Lambert theory, that has SU(3)_I x U(1)_R symmetry, by the addition of mass term for one of the four adjoint chiral superfields as its dual theory. A further detailed correspondence between fields of AdS_4 supergravity and composite operators of the infrared field theory is obtained.
description: 17 pp; the first paragraph in section 3 added, the pages 5, 6, 7 improved, the footnotes 8, 11 added and to appear in JHEP
Low Latency Detection of Massive Black Hole Binaries
Creators: name: Cornish, Neil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next decade is expected to see the launch of one or more space based gravitational wave detectors: the European lead Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA); and one or more Chinese mission concepts, Taiji and TianQin. One of the primary scientific targets for these missions are the mergers of black holes with masses between $10^3 M_\odot$ and $10^8 M_\odot$. These systems may produce detectable electromagnetic signatures in additional to gravitational waves due to the presence of gas in mini-disks around each black hole, and a circumbinary disk surrounding the system. The electromagnetic emission may occur before, during and after the merger. In order to have the best chance of capturing all phases of the emission it is imperative that the gravitational wave signals can be detected in low latency, and used to produce reliable estimates for the sky location and distance to help guide the search for counterparts. The low latency detection also provides a starting point for the ``global fit'' of the myriad signals that are simultaneously present in the data. Here a low latency analysis pipeline is presented that is capable of analyzing months of data in just a few hours using a laptop from the last decade. The problem of performing a global fit is avoided by whitening out the bright foreground produced by nearby galactic binaries. The performance of the pipeline is illustrated using simulated data from the LISA Data Challenge.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures. Code for the analysis can be found at https://github.com/eXtremeGravityInstitute/LISA-Massive-Black-Hole
John R. Paxton House, Cottage Avenue
Creators: name: Weber, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Photographs
Photos
Historic buildings
East Hampton
Structures
Dwellings

description: This image shows a exterior view of the John R. Paxton House located on Cottage Avenue in East Hampton. This image was taken by photographer Harvey A. Weber (1917-1991) and is part of the East Hampton’s Heritage Photo Collection.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Several photographer are included in this collection.
Cesare Segre, Opera critica
Creators: name: Scaffai, Niccolò
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Cagliari
Year: 2014

description: «Da una parte c’è l’attitudine oggi necessaria per affrontare la
complessità del reale, rifiutandosi alle visioni semplicistiche. [...] Dall’altra parte c’è il fascino del labirinto in quanto tale». Vengono in mente queste frasi di Italo Calvino (La sfida al labirinto, 1962), leggendo l’antologia degli scritti di Cesare Segre, Opera critica, a cura di Alberto Conte e Andrea Mirabile, con un saggio introduttivo di Gian Luigi Beccaria, Milano, Mondadori «I Meridiani», pp. 1696.
description: Between, Vol 4, N° 7 (2014): Poteri della retorica
Mulford Barn on Buells Lane
Creators: name: Weber, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Photographs
Photos
Historic buildings
East Hampton
Structures
Dwellings
Barns
Farms
Mulford Family
Mulford Farm

description: This image show a exterior view of Mulford barn located on Buells Lane in East Hampton. This image was taken by photographer Harvey A. Weber (1917-1991) and is part of the East Hampton’s Heritage Photo Collection.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Several photographer are included in this collection.
Equitably allocating wildfire resilience investments for power grids: The curse of aggregation and vulnerability indices
Creators: name: Pollack, Madeleine
name: Piansky, Ryan
name: Gupta, Swati
name: Molzahn, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Social vulnerability indices have increased traction for guiding infrastructure investment decisions to prioritize communities that need these investments most. One such plan is the Biden-Harris Justice40 initiative, which aims to guide equitable infrastructure investments by ensuring that disadvantaged communities defined by the Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST) receive 40% of the total benefit realized by the investment. However, there is limited research on the practicality of applying vulnerability indices like the CEJST to real-world decision-making for policy outcomes. In this paper, we study this gap by examining the effectiveness of vulnerability indices in a case study focused on power shutoff and undergrounding decisions in wildfire-prone regions. Using a mixed-integer program and a high-fidelity synthetic transmission network in Texas, we model resource allocation policies inspired by Justice40 and evaluate their impact on reducing power outages and mitigating wildfire risk for vulnerable groups. Our analysis reveals that the Justice40 framework may fail to protect certain communities facing high wildfire risk. In our case study, we show that indigenous groups are particularly impacted. We posit that this outcome is likely due to information losses from data aggregation and the use of generalized vulnerability indices. Through the use of explicit group-level protections, we are able to bound the best possible outcome for population groups that are proportionally most affected.
Pixelization and Dynamic Range in Radio Interferometry
Creators: name: Cotton, W. D.
name: Uson, Juan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study investigates some of the consequences of representing the sky by a rectangular grid of pixels on the dynamic range of images derived from radio interferometric measurements. In particular, the effects of image pixelization coupled to the CLEAN deconvolution representation of the sky as a set of discrete delta functions can limit the dynamic range obtained when representing bright emission not confined to pixels on the grid. Sky curvature effects on non-coplanar arrays will limit the dynamic range even if strong sources are centered on a pixel in a "fly's eye" representation when such pixel is not located at the corresponding facet's tangent point. Uncertainties in the response function of the individual antennas as well as in the calibration of actual data due to ionospheric, atmospheric or other effects will limit the dynamic range even when using grid-less subtraction (i.e. in the visibility domain) of strong sources located within the field of view of the observation. A technique to reduce these effects is described and examples from an implementation in the Obit package are given. Application of this technique leads to significantly superior results without a significant increase in the computing time.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures (one double, one triple), to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics (accepted: September 5, 2008)
Monte Carlo Simulations of Globular Cluster Evolution. VI. The Influence of an Intermediate Mass Black Hole
Creators: name: Umbreit, Stefan
name: Fregeau, John M.
name: Chatterjee, Sourav
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a series of Monte Carlo simulations investigating the imprint of a central intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) on the structure of a globular cluster. We investigate the three-dimensional and projected density profiles, and stellar disruption rates for idealized as well as realistic cluster models, taking into account a stellar mass spectrum and stellar evolution, and allowing for a larger, more realistic, number of stars than was previously possible with direct N-body methods. We compare our results to other N-body and Fokker-Planck simulations published previously. We find, in general, very good agreement for the overall cluster structure and dynamical evolution between direct N-body simulations and our Monte Carlo simulations. Significant differences exist in the number of stars that are tidally disrupted by the IMBH, which is most likely an effect of the wandering motion of the IMBH, not included in the Monte Carlo scheme. These differences, however, are negligible for the final IMBH masses in realistic cluster models as the disruption rates are generally much lower than for single-mass clusters. As a direct comparison to observations we construct a detailed model for the cluster NGC 5694, which is known to possess a central surface brightness cusp consistent with the presence of an IMBH. We find that not only the inner slope but also the outer part of the surface brightness profile agree well with observations. However, there is only a slight preference for models harboring an IMBH compared to models without.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement. Substantial additions on modeling NGC 5694 since original version
Additional file 1 of Action observation treatment-based exoskeleton (AOT-EXO) for upper extremity after stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Chen, Zejian
name: Xia, Nan
name: He, Chang
name: Gu, Minghui
name: Xu, Jiang
name: Han, Xiaohua
name: Huang, Xiaolin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Broadband method for precise microwave spectroscopy of superconducting thin films near the critical temperature
Creators: name: Kitano, H.
name: Ohashi, T.
name: Maeda, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a high-resolution microwave spectrometer to measure the frequency-dependent complex conductivity of a superconducting thin film near the critical temperature. The instrument is based on a broadband measurement of the complex reflection coefficient, $S_{\rm 11}$, of a coaxial transmission line, which is terminated to a thin film sample with the electrodes in a Corbino disk shape. In the vicinity of the critical temperature, the standard calibration technique using three known standards fails to extract the strong frequency dependence of the complex conductivity induced by the superconducting fluctuations. This is because a small unexpected difference between the phase parts of $S_{\rm 11}$ for a short and load standards gives rise to a large error in the detailed frequency dependence of the complex conductivity near the superconducting transition. We demonstrate that a new calibration procedure using the normal-state conductivity of a sample as a load standard resolves this difficulty. The high quality performance of this spectrometer, which covers the frequency range between 0.1 GHz and 10 GHz, the temperature range down to 10 K, and the magnetic field range up to 1 T, is illustrated by the experimental results on several thin films of both conventional and high temperature superconductors.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures
Instruction sequence processing operators
Creators: name: Bergstra, J. A.
name: Middelburg, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.3; F.1.1; F.4.1

description: Instruction sequence is a key concept in practice, but it has as yet not come prominently into the picture in theoretical circles. This paper concerns instruction sequences, the behaviours produced by them under execution, the interaction between these behaviours and components of the execution environment, and two issues relating to computability theory. Positioning Turing's result regarding the undecidability of the halting problem as a result about programs rather than machines, and taking instruction sequences as programs, we analyse the autosolvability requirement that a program of a certain kind must solve the halting problem for all programs of that kind. We present novel results concerning this autosolvability requirement. The analysis is streamlined by using the notion of a functional unit, which is an abstract state-based model of a machine. In the case where the behaviours exhibited by a component of an execution environment can be viewed as the behaviours of a machine in its different states, the behaviours concerned are completely determined by a functional unit. The above-mentioned analysis involves functional units whose possible states represent the possible contents of the tapes of Turing machines with a particular tape alphabet. We also investigate functional units whose possible states are the natural numbers. This investigation yields a novel computability result, viz. the existence of a universal computable functional unit for natural numbers.
description: 37 pages; missing equations in table 3 added; combined with arXiv:0911.1851 [cs.PL] and arXiv:0911.5018 [cs.LO]; introduction and concluding remarks rewritten; remarks and examples added; minor error in proof of theorem 4 corrected
The classical field created in early stages of high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
Creators: name: Blaizot, Jean-Paul
name: Mehtar-Tani, Yacine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a special choice of light-cone gauge can greatly simplify the calculation of the classical color field created in the initial stages of nucleus-nucleus collisions. Within this gauge, we can in particular construct explicitly the conserved color current and calculate exactly the gauge field immediately after the collision. This field is used as a boundary condition in an iterative solution of the Yang-Mills equations in the forward light-cone. In leading order, which corresponds to a linearization of the Yang-Mills equation in the forward light-cone, we obtain a simple formula for the spectrum of gluons produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions. This formula reproduces exactly the known formula for proton-nucleus collisions, where $k_t-$factorization is recovered, while the latter property apparently breaks down in the case of nucleus-nucleus collisions.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures
Applicability of the Linear delta Expansion for the lambda phi^4 Field Theory at Finite Temperature in the Symmetric and Broken Phases
Creators: name: Farias, R. L. S.
name: Krein, G.
name: Ramos, R. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamics of a scalar field with a quartic interaction is studied within the linear delta expansion (LDE) method. Using the imaginary-time formalism the free energy is evaluated up to second order in the LDE. The method generates nonperturbative results that are then used to obtain thermodynamic quantities like the pressure. The phase transition pattern of the model is fully studied, from the broken to the symmetry restored phase. The results are compared with those obtained with other nonperturbative methods and also with ordinary perturbation theory. The results coming from the two main optimization procedures used in conjunction with the LDE method, the Principle of Minimal Sensitivity (PMS) and the Fastest Apparent Convergence (FAC) are also compared with each other and studied in which cases they are applicable or not. The optimization procedures are applied directly to the free energy.
description: 13 pages, 10 eps figures, revtex, replaced with published version
The Early-type Stars from LAMOST survey: Atmospheric parameters
Creators: name: Guo, YanJun
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Liu, Chao
name: Li, Jiao
name: Li, JiangDan
name: Wang, LuQian
name: Liu, ZhiCun
name: Hou, YongHui
name: Han, ZhanWen
name: Chen, XueFei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars play key roles in many astrophysical processes. Deriving atmospheric parameters of massive stars is important to understand their physical properties and thus are key inputs to trace their evolution. Here we report our work on adopting the data-driven technique Stellar LAbel Machine ({\tt SLAM}) with the non-LTE TLUSTY synthetic spectra as the training dataset to estimate the stellar parameters of LAMOST optical spectra for early-type stars. We apply two consistency tests to verify this machine learning method and compare stellar labels given by {\tt SLAM} with that in literature for several objects having high-resolution spectra. We provide the stellar labels of effective temperature ($T_\mathrm{eff}$), surface gravity ($\log{g}$), metallicity ([M/H]), and projected rotational velocity ($v\sin{i}$) for 3,931 and 578 early-type stars from LAMOST Low-Resolution Survey (LAMOST-LRS) and Medium-Resolution Survey (LAMOST-MRS), respectively. To estimate the average statistical uncertainties of our results, we calculated the standard deviation between the predicted stellar label and the pre-labeled published values from the high-resolution spectra. The uncertainties of the four parameters are $σ(T_\mathrm{eff}) = 2,185 $K, $σ(\log{g}) = 0.29$ dex, and $σ(v\sin{i}) = 11\, \rm km\,s^{-1}$ for MRS, and $σ(T_\mathrm{eff}) = 1,642 $K, $σ(\log{g}) = 0.25$ dex, and $σ(v\sin{i}) = 42\, \rm km\,s^{-1}$ for LRS spectra, respectively. We notice that parameters of $T_\mathrm{eff}$, $\log{g}$ and [M/H] can be better constrained using LRS spectra rather than using MRS spectra, most likely due to their broad wavelength coverage, while $v\sin{i}$ is constrained better by MRS spectra than by LRS spectra, probably due to the relatively accurate line profiles of MRS spectra.
Streaming Instability with Multiple Dust Species: II. Turbulence and Dust-Gas Dynamics at Nonlinear Saturation
Creators: name: Yang, Chao-Chin
name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The streaming instability is a fundamental process that can drive dust-gas dynamics and ultimately planetesimal formation in protoplanetary discs. As a linear instability, it has been shown that its growth with a distribution of dust sizes can be classified into two distinct regimes, fast- and slow-growth, depending on the dust-size distribution and the total dust-to-gas density ratio $ε$. Using numerical simulations of an unstratified disc, we bring three cases in different regimes into nonlinear saturation. We find that the saturation states of the two fast-growth cases are similar to its single-species counterparts. The one with maximum dimensionless stopping time $τ_\mathrm{s,max}=0.1$ and $ε=2$ drives turbulent vertical dust-gas vortices, while the other with $τ_\mathrm{s,max}=2$ and $ε=0.2$ leads to radial traffic jams and filamentary structures of dust particles. The dust density distribution for the former is flat in low densities, while the one for the latter has a low-end cutoff. By contrast, the one slow-growth case results in a virtually quiescent state. Moreover, we find that in the fast-growth regime, significant dust segregation by size occurs, with large particles moving towards dense regions while small particles remain in the diffuse regions, and the mean radial drift of each dust species is appreciably altered from the (initial) drag-force equilibrium. The former effect may skew the spectral index derived from multi-wavelength observations and change the initial size distribution of a pebble cloud for planetesimal formation. The latter along with turbulent diffusion may influence the radial transport and mixing of solid materials in young protoplanetary discs.
description: Accepted by MNRAS. 16 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables
Smooth Structures and Einstein Metrics on $CP^2#5,6,7\bar{CP^2}$
Creators: name: Rasdeaconu, Rares
name: Suvaina, Ioana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70G55; 32J15

description: We show that each of the topological 4-manifolds $CP^2#k\bar{CP^2}, for $k = 6, 7$ admits a smooth structure which has an Einstein metric of scalar curvature $s > 0$, a smooth structure which has an Einstein metric with $s < 0$ and infinitely many non-diffeomorphic smooth structures which do not admit Einstein metrics. We show that there are infinitely many manifolds homeomorphic non-diffeomorphic to $CP^2#5\bar{CP^2}$ which do not admit an Einstein metric. We also exhibit new higher dimensional examples of manifolds carrying Einstein metrics of both positive and negative scalar curvature. The main ingredients are recent constructions of exotic symplectic or complex manifolds with small topological numbers.
description: 1 figure
Maximal Mumford Curves from Planar Graphs
Creators: name: Kummer, Mario
name: Sturmfels, Bernd
name: Vlad, Raluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A curve of genus g is maximal Mumford (MM) if it has g+1 ovals and g tropical cycles. We construct full-dimensional families of MM curves in the Hilbert scheme of canonical curves. This rests on first-order deformations of graph curves whose graph is planar.
description: 22 pages
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) VI: Distribution of the small organics HCN, C2H, and H2CO
Creators: name: Guzmán, Viviana V.
name: Bergner, Jennifer B.
name: Law, Charles J.
name: Oberg, Karin I.
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Cataldi, Gianni
name: Aikawa, Yuri
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Czekala, Ian
name: Huang, Jane
name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Loomis, Ryan A.
name: Zhang, Ke
name: Gal, Romane Le
name: Alarcón, Felipe
name: Ilee, John D.
name: Teague, Richard
name: Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
name: Wilner, David J.
name: Long, Feng
name: Schwarz, Kamber R.
name: Bosman, Arthur D.
name: Pérez, Laura M.
name: Ménard, François
name: Liu, Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small organic molecules, such as C2H, HCN, and H2CO, are tracers of the C, N, and O budget in protoplanetary disks. We present high angular resolution (10-50 au) observations of C2H, HCN, and H2CO lines in five protoplanetary disks from the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. We derive column density and excitation temperature profiles for HCN and C2H, and find that the HCN emission arises in a temperate (20-30 K) layer in the disk, while C2H is present in relatively warmer (20-60 K) layers. In the case of HD 163296, we find a decrease in column density for HCN and C2H inside one of the dust gaps near 83 au, where a planet has been proposed to be located. We derive H2CO column density profiles assuming temperatures between 20 and 50 K, and find slightly higher column densities in the colder disks around T Tauri stars than around Herbig Ae stars. The H2CO column densities rise near the location of the CO snowline and/or millimeter dust edge, suggesting an efficient release of H2CO ices in the outer disk. Finally, we find that the inner 50 au of these disks are rich in organic species, with abundances relative to water that are similar to cometary values. Comets could therefore deliver water and key organics to future planets in these disks, similar to what might have happened here on Earth. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Integer Programming for Learning Directed Acyclic Graphs from Non-identifiable Gaussian Models
Creators: name: Xu, Tong
name: Taeb, Armeen
name: Küçükyavuz, Simge
name: Shojaie, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the problem of learning directed acyclic graphs from continuous observational data, generated according to a linear Gaussian structural equation model. State-of-the-art structure learning methods for this setting have at least one of the following shortcomings: i) they cannot provide optimality guarantees and can suffer from learning sub-optimal models; ii) they rely on the stringent assumption that the noise is homoscedastic, and hence the underlying model is fully identifiable. We overcome these shortcomings and develop a computationally efficient mixed-integer programming framework for learning medium-sized problems that accounts for arbitrary heteroscedastic noise. We present an early stopping criterion under which we can terminate the branch-and-bound procedure to achieve an asymptotically optimal solution and establish the consistency of this approximate solution. In addition, we show via numerical experiments that our method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms and is robust to noise heteroscedasticity, whereas the performance of some competing methods deteriorates under strong violations of the identifiability assumption. The software implementation of our method is available as the Python package \emph{micodag}.
Fifty Years of 3He-rich Events
Creators: name: Reames, Donald V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early 1970s saw a new and surprising feature in the composition of solar energetic particles (SEPs), resonant enhancements up to 10,000-fold in the ratio 3He/4He that could even make 3He dominant over H in rare events. It was soon learned that these events also had enhancements in the abundances of heavier elements, such as a factor of ~10 enhancements in Fe/O, which was later seen to be part of a smooth increase in enhancements vs. mass-to-charge ratio A/Q from H to Pb, rising by a factor of ~1000. These events were also associated with streaming 10 - 100 keV electrons that produce type III radio bursts. In recent years we have found these "impulsive" SEP events to be accelerated in islands of magnetic reconnection from plasma temperatures of 2 - 3 MK on open field lines in solar jets. Similar reconnection on closed loops traps the energy of the particles to produce hot (>10 MK), bright flares. Sometimes impulsive SEP intensities are boosted by shock waves when the jets launch fast coronal mass ejections. No single theory yet explains both the sharp resonance in 3He and the smooth increase up to heavier elements; two processes seem to occur. Sometimes the efficient acceleration even exhausts the rare 3He in the source region, limiting its fluence.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, published open access by Frontier
Additional file 1 of Integrated lipidomics and network pharmacology analysis to reveal the mechanisms of berberine in the treatment of hyperlipidemia
Creators: name: Chen, Yuting
name: Li, Kaipeng
name: Zhao, Han
name: Hao, Zhangsen
name: Yang, Yuxin
name: Gao, Mingming
name: Zhao, Ding
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The changes in body weight by HFD and BBR treatment. Compared with NFD group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001; Compared with HFD group, #p<0.05, ##p<0.01). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=6). Fig. S2. The levels of TC and TG in the serum of LDLR-deficient hyperlipidemic hamsters by HFD and BBR treatment. Compared with L-NFD group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01; Compared with L-HFD group, #p<0.05).
On localization in holomorphic equivariant cohomology
Creators: name: Bruzzo, Ugo
name: Rubtsov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32L10, 53C12, 53C15, 53D17, 55N25, 55N91

description: We prove a localization formula for a "holomorphic equivariant cohomology" attached to the Atiyah algebroid of an equivariant holomorphic vector bundle. This generalizes Feng-Ma, Carrell-Liebermann, Baum-Bott and K. Liu's localization formulas.
description: 16 pages. Completely rewritten, new title. v3: Minor changes in the exposition. v4: final version to appear in Centr. Eur. J. Math
Full Event Particle-Level Unfolding with Variable-Length Latent Variational Diffusion
Creators: name: Shmakov, Alexander
name: Greif, Kevin
name: Fenton, Michael James
name: Ghosh, Aishik
name: Baldi, Pierre
name: Whiteson, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The measurements performed by particle physics experiments must account for the imperfect response of the detectors used to observe the interactions. One approach, unfolding, statistically adjusts the experimental data for detector effects. Recently, generative machine learning models have shown promise for performing unbinned unfolding in a high number of dimensions. However, all current generative approaches are limited to unfolding a fixed set of observables, making them unable to perform full-event unfolding in the variable dimensional environment of collider data. A novel modification to the variational latent diffusion model (VLD) approach to generative unfolding is presented, which allows for unfolding of high- and variable-dimensional feature spaces. The performance of this method is evaluated in the context of semi-leptonic top quark pair production at the Large Hadron Collider.
description: Submission to SciPost