cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jamming as a critical phenomenon: a field theory of zero-temperature grain packings
Creators: name: Henkes, Silke
name: Chakraborty, Bulbul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A field theory of frictionless grain packings in two dimensions is shown to exhibit a zero-temperature critical point at a non-zero value of the packing fraction. The zero-temperature constraint of force-balance plays a crucial role in determining the nature of the transition. Two order parameters, , the deviation of the average number of contacts from the isostatic value and, , the average magnitude of the force per contact, characterize the transition from the jammed (high packing fraction) to the unjammed (low packing fraction state). The critical point has a mixed character with the order parameters showing a jump discontinuity but with fluctuations of the contact force diverging. At the critical point, the distribution of F shows the characteristic plateau observed in static granular piles. The theory makes falsifiable predictions about the spatial fluctuations of the contact forces. Implications for finite temperature dynamics and generalizations to frictional packings and higher dimensions are discussed
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Milk Money and Intra-Household Bargaining: Evidence on Pastoral Migration and Milk Sales from Northern Kenya
Creators: name: Doss, Cheryl R.
name: McPeak, John G.
name: Doss, Cheryl R.
name: McPeak, John G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: In this study, we investigate the impact of new market opportunities on Gabra nomadic pastoralists living in an arid climate in northern Kenya. The Gabra have recently experienced growth of milk marketing opportunities, and this change has caused a renegotiation of intrahousehold arrangements that affect households' location and migration decisions. We model three different outcomes of the household bargaining processes and test them empirically. Our results are consistent with a contested model of the household in which husbands locate households farther from towns in order to limit milk marketing opportunities.
The structure of HCMU metric in a K-Surface
Creators: name: Chen, Qing
name: Chen, Xiuxiong
name: Wu, Yingyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C21, 53A05

description: We study the basic structure of a HCMU metric in a K-Surface with prescribed singularities. When the underlying smooth surface is $S^2$, we prove the necessary condition given in [1] for the existence of HCMU metric is also sufficient.
A Hedonic Analysis on the Implicit Values of Fresh Tomatoes
Creators: name: Huang, Chung L.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Huang, Chung L.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Box-Cox transformation
subject: fresh tomatoes
subject: hedonic price
subject: organic produce
subject: product attributes

description: The food habits and dietary patterns of American consumers are changing and they are increasingly demanding food products that possess certain attributes relating to how the food was produced or processed. The objectives of the study are to analyze household purchase of fresh tomatoes and to determine the magnitudes of the price premium paid for the organic tomatoes by estimating a hedonic price model. The study uses the 2003 ACNielsen Homescan panel data. The data set represents a nationally representative panel of U.S. households, which provide food purchase data for at-home consumption. For empirical implementation, parameters of the hedonic model were estimated using the Box-Cox transformation procedure. The results indicated that consumers value the organic and packaging attributes positively and consistently among the major markets. The study found that the organic feature contributes $0.41/lb to the price of fresh tomatoes that consumers paid in the Northeast market. For other markets, the organic premiums were estimated to be $0.38/lb in the North Central and $0.26/lb in the Southeast and West. Furthermore, the results suggest that tomato prices vary by household characteristics, including income and age, education, and race and ethnicity of household head.
TiO2-ZnO based nano catalyst for biodiesel production: synthesis, characterisation, performance & emission study
Creators: name: Kumar, Priyankesh
name: Kumar, Devesh
name: Shankar, Ravi
name: Khare, Prateek
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plasma Physics
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Biodiesel (BD) production from bio-oil in the agriculture-based economy could minimise the energy dependency on fossil diesel (FD). Viscous properties and lower calorific value of BD restrict their direct application in the DE. These properties of BD can be enhanced by using advanced material (catalyst, adhesive etc) along with by modifying BD preparation processes. The present work deals with the synthesis and characterisation of nanocatalyst (TiO2-ZnO) and their application in BD production from waste cooking oil (WCO) via the transesterification process. Catalyst TiO2-ZnO was characterised by XRD, SEM and FTIR analysis. Catalyst TiO2-ZnO in a 4:1 mass ratio indicates the maximum BD yield. Maximum BD yield of 88% was noticed for molar methanol/WCO ratio – 1:1; catalyst dose – 2.5 g/l; reaction time – 120 min at reaction temperature -65°C respectively. The prepared BD was characterised by FTIR, GCMS, and HNMR analysis and compared their result with fossil diesel. Engine performance confirms that the 20% BD containing BM increases BSFC and EGT by 40 and 8.33% and decreases BTE by 14.26% in comparison with FD. But HC and CO emissions decreased by 50.27 and 57.44% respectively. While CO2 and O2 emissions are increased by 2.65 and 4.76% respectively. Highlights A maximum yield of 88% with TiO2-ZnO (4:1) mass ratio was obtained.BSFC and EGT increased by 40 and 8.33%.HC and CO emissions decreased by 50.27% and 57.44%. A maximum yield of 88% with TiO2-ZnO (4:1) mass ratio was obtained. BSFC and EGT increased by 40 and 8.33%. HC and CO emissions decreased by 50.27% and 57.44%.
Linear instability of planar shear banded flow
Creators: name: Fielding, Suzanne M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the linear stability of planar shear banded flow with respect to perturbations with wavevector in the plane of the banding interface, within the non local Johnson Segalman model. We find that perturbations grow in time, over a range of wavevectors, rendering the interface linearly unstable. Results for the unstable eigenfunction are used to discuss the nature of the instability. We also comment on the stability of phase separated domains to shear flow in model H.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
A Mosaic Type of Development: The Agri-Food Districts Experience in Italy
Creators: name: Brasili, Cristina
name: Fanfani, Roberto
name: Brasili, Cristina
name: Fanfani, Roberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Agri-Food Districts
subject: Italian Industrial Districts (IDs)
subject: Technical efficiency of a panel of firms
subject: Economic Development.

description: The Italian Industrial Districts (IDs) are now considered in the national and international literature as one of the main factors of the successful and rapid industrial development of Italy after the Second World War. In this paper we outline the general characteristics of the IDs approach and then the distinctive figures of the agrifood districts. A mosaic type of development characterised the geographical distribution of the different agrifood districts in the Italian experience. The different origins of agrifood districts often determines their production and structural characteristics of firms, with a relevant role of SMEs. In many cases, these districts originated from handcraft traditions and specific local demand. Their specialized production is often related to typical or high-quality products. The increasing demand for quality and typical food products might widen the possibility of developing local and regional food districts. In the second part of the paper, we have evaluated the economic performance and technical efficiency of a panel of firms in the meat sector which belong or not to the districts, for the period 1998-2002. Some very interesting results have been obtained from the economic and financial analysis on balance sheets of a large number of firms in the meat processing. The stochastic production frontier has been utilized to measure the "district effect". We have noticed that in the last years, the "district effect" has been reducing according to the general difficulties of Italian industrial sector.
Democracy and FDI
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Busse, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: FDI
subject: Democracy
subject: Political Rights
subject: Civil Liberties

description: Many believe that multinational enterprises insensitively ignore political rights and civil liberties in the countries of their investments. Frequently, non-governmental organisations accuse multinationals of fostering repressive regimes in developing countries and consider foreign direct investment (FDI) as a tool of exploitation. This paper tries to examine empirically the complex relationship between democracy and FDI in a systematic way, using cross-sectional and panel data analysis. The results indicate that - on average - investments by multinationals are significantly higher in democratic countries, thereby refuting the hypothesis that political repression fosters FDI. Yet this positive link does not hold for the 1970s, when a considerable share of FDI flowed to countries with repressive regimes.
Additional file 1 of Cerebrovascular autoregulation and arterial carbon dioxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Yuanyuan Yu
name: Nierhaus, Axel
name: Frings, Daniel
name: Sensen, Barbara
name: Daubmann, Anne
name: Kluge, Stefan
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. ARDS management. Informed consent procedure, ARDS diagnosis, and ARDS management throughout the study period.
Additional file 1 of What is needed to achieve HCV microelimination among HIV-infected populations in Andalusia, Spain: a modeling analysis
Creators: name: Skaathun, Britt
name: Borquez, Annick
name: Rivero-Juarez, Antonio
name: Mehta, Sanjay R.
name: Tellez, Francisco
name: Castaño-Carracedo, Manuel
name: Merino, Dolores
name: Palacios, Rosario
name: Macías, Juan
name: Rivero, Antonio
name: Martin, Natasha K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Mean model projections of the (A) number of HIV/HCV diagnosed active PWID (B) number of new HIV/HCV diagnosed active PWID, (C) number of chronic HCV infections among active PWID, and (D) number of new chronic HCV infections among active PWID with observed scaled-up DAA treatment rates from 2015 in Andalusia with various treatment scale-up scenarios. Figure S2. Mean model projections of the number of new. HIV/HCV diagnosed MSM with observed scaled-up DAA treatment rates. From 2015 in Andalusia with various treatment scale-up scenarios. Figure S3. Model projections (mean and 95% intervals) for HCV chronic prevalence and incidence among people who inject drugs (A,C) and HIV+ people who inject drugs (B,D) in Andalusia, Spain with observed scaled-up DAA treatment rates from 2015. Black line indicates mean projection, grey lines indicate 2.5–97.5% interval projections. Figure S4. Comparison of the model projected trends in HCV chronic prevalence among HIV+ individuals with a history of injecting drug use against the data. Model projections shown as solid line (black the mean projection, and gray lines the 2.5–97.5% interval projections). Calibration data sampling bounds (minimum and maximum) shown in red. Figure S5. Comparison of the model projected trends in HIV and HCV prevalence against the data. HIV prevalence (A,B) and HCV chronic prevalence (C,D) shown among people who inject drugs by injecting duration (> 10 years and
Additional file 2 of Cerebrovascular autoregulation and arterial carbon dioxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Yuanyuan Yu
name: Nierhaus, Axel
name: Frings, Daniel
name: Sensen, Barbara
name: Daubmann, Anne
name: Kluge, Stefan
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. PaO2/FiO2 ratio and PEEP for ARDS diagnosis. PaO2/FiO2 ratio and positive end-exspiratory pressure (PEEP) in individual study participants.
Pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy
Creators: name: Conti-Ramsden, Frances
name: de Marvao, Antonio
name: Chappell, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect approximately one in 10 pregnancies and are associated with increased risk of adverse fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes. There is strong evidence that effective treatment of hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg), and enhanced monitoring throughout pregnancy reduces these risks. This article provides a contemporaneous review of treatment of hypertension in pregnancy with antihypertensive agents. We completed a systematic search and review of all meta-analyses and systematic reviews of studies comparing antihypertensives for treatment of pregnancy hypertension in the last five years. We provide a clinically focused summary of when to treat hypertension in pregnancy and which antihypertensive agents can be offered. Special scenarios reviewed include treatment-resistant hypertension and pre-pregnancy antihypertensive optimization. Several antihypertensives are considered safe and are known to be effective for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Given the current uncertainty as to which antihypertensive(s) are superior for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy, women should be counselled and offered a range of antihypertensive options in keeping with evidence on clinical effectiveness, local context and availability of antihypertensive(s), potential side effect profile, and women’s preference. Further research is required to help guide clinical decision making, and move toward personalized treatment.
Additional file 3 of Cerebrovascular autoregulation and arterial carbon dioxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Yuanyuan Yu
name: Nierhaus, Axel
name: Frings, Daniel
name: Sensen, Barbara
name: Daubmann, Anne
name: Kluge, Stefan
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. CVA and functional outcome. Neuroimaging, new CNS disorders, and functional outcome at three months.
Open Gulf Ecosystem
Creators: name: Chatziefthimiou, Dr. Aspa
name: Hinnawi, Ruba
name: Castro de la Mata, Dr. Gonzalo
name: P. Turbot, Sebastien
name: Amato, Dr. Alexandre
name: Mohamed Al-Saleh, Nihal.
name: Matar Al-Kuwari, Dr. Mona
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3103
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 37
subject: Earth sciences
classificationCode: 3707
subject: Hydrology
classificationCode: 3708
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 4102
subject: Ecological applications

description: The Gulf has not always been submerged in water. Until about 18,000 years ago, it was a dry desert, like the countries that surround it are now. Slowly, river waters from Mesopotamia in the north and Saudi Arabia in the west, as well as Arabian Sea water flooded the Gulf to current sea levels to an average depth of 40 meters starting at about 8,000 years ago. This is the reason it is often referred to as a “young sea”. The Gulf is an extreme environment in which it is difficult to make a living because it is a very hot and saline sea. Despite this, there are many organisms that make the Gulf their permanent or seasonal home during periods of migration. In approximate numbers, there are 200 different species of fish; 79 species of marine mammals; 32 species of sharks; 25 species of rays; five species of sea turtles; 10 species of sea snakes; innumerable species of free-floating luminescent phytoplankton; and many others.Other InformationPublished in: Earthna publications reports
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
See educational resource on publisher's website: https://www.earthna.qa/publications/educational-materials/qatar-marine-ecosystem-lesson-plans
Project Identifier (PI): EEF-2023-003
Additional file 4 of Cerebrovascular autoregulation and arterial carbon dioxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Yuanyuan Yu
name: Nierhaus, Axel
name: Frings, Daniel
name: Sensen, Barbara
name: Daubmann, Anne
name: Kluge, Stefan
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Development of arterial carbon dioxide. PaCO2 from the diagnosis of ARDS until first CVA assessment and between first and second CVA assessments, stratified by the presence of early hypercapnia.
Additional file 5 of Cerebrovascular autoregulation and arterial carbon dioxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Yuanyuan Yu
name: Nierhaus, Axel
name: Frings, Daniel
name: Sensen, Barbara
name: Daubmann, Anne
name: Kluge, Stefan
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Linear mixed model including preselected variables of clinical relevance. Initial linear mixed model. All variables included were selected based on clinical considerations.
Trade Imbalances and the Political Economy of a Transitional Fund in the EAC
Creators: name: Shams, Rasul
name: Shams, Rasul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: Economic Integration
subject: Africa
subject: Political Economy

description: The EAC is on the verge of establishing a customs union. But this is accompanied by fears that the Customs Union would lead to trade imbalances among the Partner States, which would create serious problems for the proper functioning of the Customs Union itself. To mitigate these problems the establishment of a transitional fund is proposed. Based on a study of the trade effects of the Customs Union it is shown that these fears are unfounded, and the establishment of a transitional fund to address imbalances therefore not necessary. Stakeholders views on the establishment of a transitional fund are also analysed to assess their influence on the integration policy in the EAC. The historical background of the fears of a customs union is described and it is shown how these fears continue to present time, in spite of changing economic conditions.
Peer Effects and Textbooks in Primary Education: Evidence from Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Frolich, Markus
name: Michaelowa, Katharina
name: Frolich, Markus
name: Michaelowa, Katharina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: primary education
subject: student achievement
subject: evaluation
subject: nonparametric estimation

description: As opposed to many other school inputs, textbooks have frequently been demonstrated to significantly foster student achievement. Using the rich data set provided by the 'Program on the Analysis of Education Systems' (PASEC) for five francophone, sub-Saharan African countries, this paper goes beyond the estimation of direct effects of textbooks on students' learning and focuses on peer effects resulting from textbooks owned by students' classmates. Applying and extending nonparametric estimation methods from the treatment evaluation literature we separate the direct effect of textbooks from their peer effect. The latter clearly dominates but depends upon the initial level of textbook availability.
Time Reversal Communication in Rayleigh-Fading Broadcast Channels with Pinholes
Creators: name: Fannjiang, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents an analysis of the time reversal in independent-multipath Rayleigh-fading channels with $N$ inputs (transmitters) and $M$ outputs (receivers). The main issues addressed are the condition of statistical stability, the rate of information transfer and the effect of pinholes. The stability condition is proved to be $MC\ll N_{\rm eff}B$ for broadband channels and $M\ll N_{\rm eff}$ for narrowband channels where $C$ is the symbol rate, $B$ is the bandwidth and $N_{\rm eff}$ is the {\em effective} number (maybe less than 1) of transmitters. It is shown that when the number of screens, $n-1$, is relatively low compared to the logarithm of numbers of pinholes $N_{\rm eff}$ is given by the {\em harmonic} (or {\em inverse}) {\em sum} of the number of transmitters and the numbers of pinholes at all screens. The novel idea of the effective number of time reversal array (TRA) elements is introduced to derive the stability condition and estimate the channel capacity in the presence of multi-screen pinholes. The information rate, under the constraints of the noise power $ν$ per unit frequency and the average total power $P$, attains the supremum $P/ν$ in the regime $M\wedge N_{\rm eff}\gg P/(νB)$. In particular, when $N_{\rm eff}\gg M\gg P/(Bν)$ the optimal information rate can be achieved with statistically stable, sharply focused signals.
description: Corrected typos and minor change of content
Pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy
Creators: name: Conti-Ramsden, Frances
name: de Marvao, Antonio
name: Chappell, Lucy C
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect approximately one in 10 pregnancies and are associated with increased risk of adverse fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes. There is strong evidence that effective treatment of hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg), and enhanced monitoring throughout pregnancy reduces these risks. This article provides a contemporaneous review of treatment of hypertension in pregnancy with antihypertensive agents. We completed a systematic search and review of all meta-analyses and systematic reviews of studies comparing antihypertensives for treatment of pregnancy hypertension in the last five years. We provide a clinically-focused summary of when to treat hypertension in pregnancy and which antihypertensive agents can be offered. Special scenarios reviewed include treatment-resistant hypertension and pre-pregnancy antihypertensive optimization. Several antihypertensives are considered safe and are known to be effective for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Given the current uncertainty as to which antihypertensive(s) are superior for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy, women should be counseled and offered a range of antihypertensive options in keeping with evidence on clinical effectiveness, local context and availability of antihypertensive(s), potential side effect profile, and women’s preference. Further research is required to help guide clinical decision making, and move toward personalized treatment.
European Trade Integration in the Baltic Sea Region - A Gravity Model Based Analysis
Creators: name: Paas, Tiiu
name: Tafenau, Egle
name: Paas, Tiiu
name: Tafenau, Egle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: gravity models
subject: international trade
subject: regional integration
subject: Baltic Sea region

description: The paper explores regional trade integration of the countries involved in the EU eastward enlargement (EU-25) processes distinguishing the possible regional trade clusters within EU-25 that may support integration of the EU-15 and the new member states. We examine whether the gravity equation based on the new trade theory describes trade integration of the EU-25 countries, and whether the results of a gravity model based analysis may be different in the case of the Baltic Sea region (BSR). The gravity models are estimated based on panel data for the years 1993 to 2002. The results of our analysis indicate that the BSR is forming an exception within EU-25. The BSR trade cannot be explained as much with New Trade Theories as in the case of the whole EU. The BSR countries have different factor endowments and the intensive trade relations between the BSR countries are mainly based on comparative advantages.
Radiation reaction and quantum damped harmonic oscillator
Creators: name: Kheirandish, F.
name: Amooshahi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By taking a Klein-Gordon field as the environment of an harmonic oscillator and using a new method for dealing with quantum dissipative systems (minimal coupling method), the quantum dynamics and radiation reaction for a quantum damped harmonic oscillator investigated. Applying perturbation method, some transition probabilities indicating the way energy flows between oscillator, reservoir and quantum vacuum, obtained
description: 12 pages. Accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Coordination Failures and the Lender of Last Resort: Was Bagehot Right After All?
Creators: name: Rochet, Jean-Charles
name: Vives, Xavier
name: Rochet, Jean-Charles
name: Vives, Xavier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Central Bank policy
subject: interbank market
subject: prudential regulation
subject: liquidity ratio
subject: solvency ratio
subject: transparency
subject: prompt corrective action
subject: orderly failure resolution
subject: global games
subject: supermodular games

description: The classical doctrine of the Lender of Last Resort, elaborated by Thornton (1802) and Bagehot (1873), asserts that the Central Bank should lend to "illiquid but solvent" banks under certain conditions. Several authors have argued that this view is now obsolete: when interbank markets are efficient, a solvent bank cannot be illiquid. This paper provides a possible theoretical foundation for rescuing Bagehot's view. Our theory does not rely on the multiplicity of equilibria that arises in classical models of bank runs. We build a model of banks' liquidity crises that possesses a unique Bayesian equilibrium. In this equilibrium, there is a positive probability that a solvent bank cannot find liquidity assistance in the market. We derive policy implications about banking regulation (solvency and liquidity ratios) and interventions of the Lender of Last Resort as well as on the disclosure policy of the Central Bank.
Theory of the thermoelectricity of intermetallic compounds with Ce or Yb ions
Creators: name: Zlatic, V.
name: Monnier, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermoelectric properties of intermetallic compounds with Ce or Yb ions are explained by the single-impurity Anderson model which takes into account the crystal-field splitting of the 4{\it f} ground-state multiplet, and assumes a strong Coulomb repulsion which restricts the number of {\it f} electrons or {\it f} holes to $n_f\leq 1$ for Ce and $n_f^{hole}\leq 1$ for Yb ions. Using the non-crossing approximation and imposing the charge neutrality constraint on the local scattering problem at each temperature and pressure, the excitation spectrum and the transport coefficients of the model are obtained. The thermopower calculated in such a way exhibits all the characteristic features observed in Ce and Yb intermetallics. Calculating the effect of pressure on various characteristic energy scales of the model, we obtain the $(T,p)$ phase diagram which agrees with the experimental data on CeRu$_{2}$Si$_2$, CeCu$_{2}$Si$_2$, CePd$_{2}$Si$_2$, and similar compounds. The evolution of the thermopower and the electrical resistance as a function of temperature, pressure or doping is explained in terms of the crossovers between various fixed points of the model and the redistribution of the single-particle spectral weight within the Fermi window.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Local energy statistics in disordered systems: a proof of the local REM conjecture
Creators: name: Bovier, Anton
name: Kurkova, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Bauke and Mertens conjectured that the local statistics of energies in random spin systems with discrete spin space should in most circumstances be the same as in the random energy model. Here we give necessary conditions for this hypothesis to be true, which we show to hold in wide classes of examples: short range spin glasses and mean field spin glasses of the SK type. We also show that, under certain conditions, the conjecture holds even if energy levels that grow moderately with the volume of the system are considered.
Standards in the International Telecommunications Regime
Creators: name: Werle, Raymund
name: Werle, Raymund
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: International Economic Order
subject: Trade Negotiations
subject: Technical Standards
subject: Telecommunications

description: Technical standards in telecommunications - the central focus of this paper - were traditionally developed by official government accredited or intergovernmental organizations. In the last two decades, however, private forums and consortia of standardization have evolved which initiated a shift from a predominantly technical to a business approach to standards-setting. The business perspective also guides the evaluation of standards in trade policy at the European and at the international level. In the EU and more so in the WTO regional and national diversity of standards is generally regarded as a barrier to trade. Thus harmonization of diverging standards - and not standards competition - and/or the adoption of new international standards is stipulated. Only standards adopted by official organizations are regarded as legitimate. Private organizations and the standards developed by them tend to be ignored. Traditionell wurden technische Standards in der Telekommunikation - dem zentralen Gegenstand dieses Papiers - von anerkannten nationalen oder intergouvernementalen Organisationen entwickelt. In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten sind jedoch private Foren und Konsortien entstanden, die einen Wandel initiiert haben von einem technisch zu einem kommerziell geprägten Verständnis von Standardisierung. Dieses leitet auch die Beurteilung von Standards durch die Handelspolitik auf europäischer und internationaler Ebene. In der EU und mehr noch in der WTO werden regional und national unterschiedliche Standards als Handelshemmnisse betrachtet. Deshalb fordert man die Harmonisierung der divergierenden Standards - und nicht deren Konkurrenz - und/oder die Entwicklung neuer internationaler Standards. Nur Standards, die von offiziellen Organisationen verabschiedet wurden, werden anerkannt. Private Organisationen und die von ihnen erarbeiteten Standards werden hingegen tendenziell ignoriert.
Viele fremde Tische, und noch einer im Koran
Creators: name: Kropp, Manfred
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 87 (2003): Oriens christianus, Band 87
Additional file 6 of Cerebrovascular autoregulation and arterial carbon dioxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Yuanyuan Yu
name: Nierhaus, Axel
name: Frings, Daniel
name: Sensen, Barbara
name: Daubmann, Anne
name: Kluge, Stefan
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Sensitivity analysis. 6a—Linear mixed model with an alternative definition of early hypercapnia (PaCO2 ≥ 60 mmHg with pH
Molecular characterization of photoreceptor peripherin-2 and rom-1 complexes and role in disc morphogenesis and retinal degeneration
Creators: name: Loewen, Christopher Jereme Ronald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Peripherin-2 and rom-1 are homologous integral membrane proteins of the tetraspanin superfamily that form multisubunit complexes in the rims of photoreceptor outer segment discs. Peripherin-2 is critical for formation and maintenance of rod and cone discs, while rom-1 is involved in regulation of this process. Mutations in peripherin-2 cause various forms of human retinal degeneration including retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and macular degeneration (MD). Peripherin-2 and rom-1 contain seven highly conserved cysteines in the intradiscal loop region, two of which in peripherin-2 are linked to RP. Each of these cysteines in peripherin-2 has been individually replaced by serine to determine its role in folding and subunit assembly. Six of the seven conserved cysteine residues in the intradiscal loop of peripherin-2 are essential for proper core tetramer formation with rom-1. They likely constitute three intramolecular disulfide bonds crucial to the proper folding of the subunits. Mutations at C165 and C214 cause RP. The remaining cysteine, C150, is not involved in tetramer formation, but is solely responsible for disulfide-mediated oligomerization of tetramers into higher order complexes. Core tetramer formation is required for disulfide-mediated oligomerization and for targeting to rod outer segments. RP-causing mutations in peripherin-2 prevent tetramer and higher-order oligomer formation and cause mistargeting to rod inner segments.Disulfide-mediated oligomerization plays a role in disc rim and incisure formation and involves both noncovalent and covalent (disulfide bonds) interactions. Rom-1 functions in the regulation of disulfide-mediated oligomerization by inhibiting disulfide-linking of tetramers. Human RP caused by mutations in peripherin-2 results from (1) having decreased levels of protein in the outer segments, and (2) by interference with the function of WT protein in outer segments in a dominant-negative manner.
Openness and Urban Concentration in Europe, 1870-1990
Creators: name: Nitsch, Volker
name: Nitsch, Volker
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Urban Concentration
subject: Openness
subject: Urban Primacy
subject: City Size

description: This paper provides a new attempt to examine the relationship between an economy's exposure to foreign trade and its degree of urban concentration. In contrast to previous work, which is often based on rich cross-country data sets, the analysis is focused exclusively on European countries, allowing to explore reliable historical data. The results generally confirm earlier findings of a negative relationship between openness and city size for the period from 1970 to 1990, but are much weaker for other time periods and concentration measures. Therefore, it is argued that the linkage between trade policy and urban centralization is not robust. Dieses Papier untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Offenheitsgrad einer Volkswirtschaft und dem Ausmaß urbaner Konzentration. Im Unterschied zu früheren Studien, die oftmals auf umfangreichen Querschnittsdatensätzen basieren, beschränkt sich die Analyse in dieser Arbeit auf einige europäische Länder, für die dann allerdings verlässliche historische Daten verfügbar sind. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen frühere Resultate eines negativen Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Offenheitsgrad eines Landes und der Einwohnerzahl der größten Stadt für den Zeitraum von 1970 bis 1990. Für andere Zeiträume und Konzentrationsmaße verliert der Zusammenhang jedoch an Signifikanz, so dass es offenbar keine robuste Verbindung zwischen dem Grad der Außenhandelsverflechtung und dem Ausmaß urbaner Konzentration gibt.
Efficient Formulation of Polarizable Gaussian Multipole Electrostatics for Biomolecular Simulations
Creators: name: Wei, Haixin
name: Qi, Ruxi
name: Wang, Junmei
name: Cieplak, Piotr
name: Duan, Yong
name: Luo, Ray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules have been widely adopted in biomedical studies. As classical point-charge models continue to be used in routine biomolecular applications, there have been growing demands on developing polarizable force fields for handling more complicated biomolecular processes. Here we focus on a recently proposed polarizable Gaussian Multipole (pGM) model for biomolecular simulations. A key benefit of pGM is its screening of all short-range electrostatic interactions in a physically consistent manner, which is critical for stable charge-fitting and is needed to reproduce molecular anisotropy. Another advantage of pGM is that each atom's multipoles are represented by a single Gaussian function or its derivatives, allowing for more efficient electrostatics than other Gaussian-based models. In this study we present an efficient formulation for the pGM model defined with respect to a local frame formed with a set of covalent basis vectors. The covalent basis vectors are chosen to be along each atom's covalent bonding directions. The new local frame allows molecular flexibility during molecular simulations and facilitates an efficient formulation of analytical electrostatic forces without explicit torque computation. Subsequent numerical tests show that analytical atomic forces agree excellently with numerical finite-difference forces for the tested system. Finally, the new pGM electrostatics algorithm is interfaced with the PME implementation in Amber for molecular simulations under the periodic boundary conditions. To validate the overall pGM/PME electrostatics, we conducted an NVE simulation for a small water box of 512 water molecules. Our results show that, to achieve energy conservation in the polarizable model, it is important to ensure enough accuracy on both PME and induction iteration.
Additional file 1 of Experiences from implementation of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia in psychiatric health care: a qualitative study applying the NASSS framework
Creators: name: Banck, Josefin Kadesjö
name: Bernhardsson, Susanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide.
Sentiment Frames for Attitude Extraction in Russian
Creators: name: Loukachevitch, Natalia
name: Rusnachenko, Nicolay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Texts can convey several types of inter-related information concerning opinions and attitudes. Such information includes the author's attitude towards mentioned entities, attitudes of the entities towards each other, positive and negative effects on the entities in the described situations. In this paper, we described the lexicon RuSentiFrames for Russian, where predicate words and expressions are collected and linked to so-called sentiment frames conveying several types of presupposed information on attitudes and effects. We applied the created frames in the task of extracting attitudes from a large news collection.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, 6 tables
New Instanton Effects in String Theory
Creators: name: Beasley, Chris
name: Witten, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new class of instanton effects in string compactifications that preserve only N=1 supersymmetry in four dimensions. As is well-known, worldsheet or brane instantons in such a background can sometimes contribute to an effective superpotential for the moduli of the compactification. We generalize this phenomenon by showing that such instantons can also contribute to new multi-fermion and higher-derivative F-terms in the low-energy effective action. We consider in most detail the example of heterotic compactification on a Calabi-Yau threefold X with gauge bundle V, in which case we study worldsheet instanton effects that deform the complex structure of the moduli space associated to X and V. We also give new, slightly more economical derivations of some previous results about worldsheet instantons in Type IIA Calabi-Yau compactifications.
description: 49 pages, harvmac, v2: references added
Additional file 7 of Cerebrovascular autoregulation and arterial carbon dioxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Kahl, Ursula
name: Yuanyuan Yu
name: Nierhaus, Axel
name: Frings, Daniel
name: Sensen, Barbara
name: Daubmann, Anne
name: Kluge, Stefan
name: Fischer, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7. CVA in patients with and without ECMO. 7a—Hemodynamic parameters and selected results from blood gas analyses in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and patients without ECMO. Mean values from monitoring episodes 1 and 2 are presented, stratified by the requirement of veno-venous ECMO. Data are given as mean ± SD. COx: cerebral oxygenation index representing cerebrovascular autoregulation (CVA). rSO2: cerebral oxygenation measured with near-infrared spectroscopy. MAP: mean arterial blood pressure. 7b—Time with impaired CVA between 19 patients with veno-venous ECMO, and 47 patients without ECMO.
Approximate solutions to one-phase Stefan-like problems with space-dependent latent heat
Creators: name: Bollati, Julieta
name: Tarzia, Domingo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R35, 80A22

description: The work in this paper concerns the study of different approximations for one-dimensional one-phase Stefan-like problems with a space-dependent latent heat. It is considered two different problems, which differ from each other in their boundary condition imposed at the fixed face: Dirichlet and Robin conditions. The approximate solutions are obtained by applying the heat balance integral method (HBIM), a modified heat balance integral method, the refined integral method (RIM) . Taking advantage of the exact analytical solutions we compare and test the accuracy of the approximate solutions. The analysis is carried out using the dimensionless generalized Stefan number (Ste) and Biot number (Bi). It is also studied the case when Bi goes to infinity in the problem with a convective condition, recovering the approximate solutions when a temperature condition is imposed at the fixed face. Some numerical simulations are provided in order to assert which of the approximate integral methods turns out to be optimal. Moreover, we pose an approximate technique based on minimizing the least-squares error, obtaining also approximate solutions for the classical Stefan problem.
description: 31 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 1 of Outcomes of a 12-month patient-centred medical home model in improving patient activation and self-management behaviours among primary care patients presenting with chronic diseases in Sydney, Australia: a before-and-after study
Creators: name: John, James Rufus
name: W Kathy Tannous
name: Jones, Amanda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Box 1 PICO statement.