cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Correlation of existing design information on sandwich construction
Creators: name: Ogilvie, Douglas C.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1949
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: The problem considered is one of survey and correlation of existing design information on sandwich construction. The subject matter deals with the types of sandwiches, advantages, buckling and stress analysis, published test data, design methods, core materials, weight comparisons, current applications and the manufacture, repair and inspection of sandwich construction.

Suggestions for extensions needed are given and where obvious improvements in analysis could be seen, these modified methods were suggested.

Suggested further work - Every phase of sandwich construction considered in the present thesis shows need for further development. Particularly useful fields for further work are the development of more adequate stress analysis methods for the core, more general correlation of existing formulas and the development of better means of attachment, inspection and repair.
Parity doubling structure of nucleon at non-zero density in the holographic mean field theory
Creators: name: He, Bing-Ran
name: Harada, Masayasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develope the holographic mean field theory approach in a bottom-up holographic QCD model including baryons and scalar mesons in addition to vector mesons and pions. We study the effect of parity doubling structure of baryons at non-zero density to the equation of state between the chemical potential and the baryon number density. We first show that we can adjust the amount of nucleon mass coming from the chiral symmetry breaking by changing the boundary value of the five-dimensional baryon fields. Then, introducing the mean field for the baryon fields, we calculate the equation of state between the baryon number density and its corresponding chemical potential. Then, comparing the predicted equation of state with the one obtained in a Walecka type model, we extract the density dependence of the effective nucleon mass. The result shows that the effective mass decreases with increasing density, and that the rate of decreasing is more rapid for the larger percentage of the mass coming from the chiral symmetry breaking.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a combination HIV risk reduction and microfinance intervention for female sex workers who use drugs in Kazakhstan
Creators: name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: McCrimmon, Tara
name: Mergenova, Gaukhar
name: Chang, Mingway
name: Terlikbayeva, Assel
name: Primbetova, Sholpan
name: Kuskulov, Azamat
name: Baiserkin, Bauyrzhan
name: Benebayeva, Alfiya
name: Kurmetova, Kulpan
name: Witte, Susan S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Public health
Sex workers
HIV infections—Prevention
Clinical trials

description: Introduction: Female sex workers (FSW) who use drugs are a key population at risk of HIV in Kazakhstan, and face multiple structural barriers to HIV prevention. More research is needed on the role of structural interventions such as microfinance (MF) in reducing HIV risk. This paper describes the results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a combination HIVRR + MF intervention in reducing biologically confirmed STIs and HIV risk behaviours. Methods: This study took place from May 2015 to October 2018 in two cities in Kazakhstan. We screened 763 participants for eligibility and enrolled 354 FSW who use drugs. Participants were randomized in cohorts to receive either a four-session HIVRR intervention, or that same intervention plus 30 additional sessions of financial literacy training, vocational training and asset-building through a matched-savings programme. Repeated behavioural and biological assessments were conducted at baseline, 3-, 6- and 12-months post-intervention. Biological and behavioural primary outcomes included HIV/STI incidence, sexual risk behaviours and drug use risk behaviours, evaluated over the 12-month period. Results: Over the 12-month follow-up period, few differences in study outcomes were noted between arms. There was only one newly-detected HIV case, and study arms did not significantly differ on any STI incidence. At post-intervention assessments compared to baseline, both HIVRR and HIVRR + MF participants significantly reduced sexual and drug use risk behaviours, and showed improvements in financial outcomes, condom use attitudes and self-efficacy, social support, and access to medical care. In addition, HIVRR + MF participants showed a 72% greater reduction in the number of unprotected sex acts with paying partners at the six-month assessment (IRR = IRR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.92), and a 10% greater reduction in the proportion of income from sex work at the three-month assessment (b = −0.10, 95% CI = −0.17, −0.02) than HIVRR participants did. HIVRR + MF participants also showed significantly improved performance on financial self-efficacy compared to HIVRR over the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusions: Compared to a combination HIVRR + MF intervention, a robust HIVRR intervention alone may be sufficient to reduce sexual and drug risk behaviours among FSW who use drugs. There may be structural limitations to the promise of microfinance for HIV risk reduction among this population.
A penalized empirical likelihood method in high dimensions
Creators: name: Lahiri, Soumendra N.
name: Mukhopadhyay, Subhodeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper formulates a penalized empirical likelihood (PEL) method for inference on the population mean when the dimension of the observations may grow faster than the sample size. Asymptotic distributions of the PEL ratio statistic is derived under different component-wise dependence structures of the observations, namely, (i) non-Ergodic, (ii) long-range dependence and (iii) short-range dependence. It follows that the limit distribution of the proposed PEL ratio statistic can vary widely depending on the correlation structure, and it is typically different from the usual chi-squared limit of the empirical likelihood ratio statistic in the fixed and finite dimensional case. A unified subsampling based calibration is proposed, and its validity is established in all three cases, (i)-(iii). Finite sample properties of the method are investigated through a simulation study.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOS1040 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Involuntary Psychiatric Commitment in the Era of COVID-19: Systemic Social Oppression and Discourses of Risk in Public Health and Bioethics
Creators: name: Bergstresser, Sara M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Involuntary treatment
Psychiatric hospital patients
Bioethics
Public health
COVID-19 (Disease)

description: This paper considers the continuation of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the United States of America. Situating psychiatric diagnosis and hospitalization within the broader context of decades of social and historical research, as well as emergent fields such as feminist philosophy of disability, critical diversity studies (CDS), and mad studies, I argue that a socially mediated process which is legitimated with appeals to “health” and “safety” should not be maintained during a pandemic of a readily communicable virus that is especially dangerous for individuals clustered in inpatient settings. A CDS approach allows the clear identification of “severe mental illness” as a marked category of social difference which leads to multiple forms of social oppression. In this paper, I show how involuntary psychiatric hospitalization is a social process through which marked individuals are dehumanized and confined. Furthermore, I consider why the maintenance of the status quo, even under pandemic conditions, demonstrates that involuntary treatment is primarily a political, rather than a medical, process. Finally, I outline why the politics of involuntary treatment should concern longstanding disciplines such as public health and bioethics, as well as emergent disciplines like CDS.
Volcanic tuff beds of the Mint Canyon formation
Creators: name: Wallace, Robert Earl
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1940
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Mint Canyon formation (Upper Miocene) consists of a series of continental sediments including both fanglomerates and fresh-water lake deposits.  The basin of deposition of the lake sediments was near the sea but was apparently definitely separated from it.  Some 4000 or more feet of sediments have accumulated.  The Mint Canyon formation lies nonconformably above the Vasquez formation (Oligocene?).  The angular discordance between the Mint Canyon formation and the overlying Modelo (Upper Miocene) is not great but is definite in many places.

A series of volcanic tuff beds are present in the Mint Canyon formation.  There are at least 8 major tuff beds and possibly as many as 5 minor ones.  Individual beds reach a thickness of 10 feet.  The tuff, for the most part is a fine grained, acid, vitric tuff, though some crystal fragments are present in certain units.  Others are contaminated by sand and grit.

There is some suggestion that the pryroclastic material has been derived from the Mojave Desert area and is possibly from the same source as the rhyolitic material of the Rosamond formation.

The outcrops of the tuff are restricted to two main areas, one on either flank of a broad, westerly-pitching syncline which is the major structural feature of the Mint Canyon area.  In each of these areas, local sections of overturning are present.  It is believed that these are the surface manifestations of faulting in the basement complex.

Faulting is present to a moderate degree.  The major faults are probably steep with vertical movement being most important.

Plant fossils are preserved in the fine tuffs.  The flora indicates a biseasonal distribution of rainfall with possibly slightly greater annual average than at present.  The Mint Canyon flora is part of the Mojave floral province.

Fine grained units of the tuffs are quarried and used to a limited extent as surfacing material on asphalt shingles and roofing material.
Phase-locking mechanism in non-sequential double ionization
Creators: name: Christov, Ivan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we identify a new mechanism where the early stage of electron ionization in the field of strong femtosecond laser pulse determines the final yield of non-sequential double ionization. By using simple trajectory methods we prove that the powerful short wavelength laser field causes an injection locking between its phase and the phases of the electron trajectories, which is next responsible for the enhanced or suppressed ionization for given intensities in the knee region. It is shown that both ionization and entanglement of the final electron state can be easily controlled by introducing frequency chirp of the laser field. Our methods allow one to quantify the quantum correlations due to the different mechanisms of strong field ionization.
Chiral description of ghost-free massive gravity
Creators: name: Alexandrov, Sergei
name: Krasnov, Kirill
name: Speziale, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and study a new first order version of the ghost-free massive gravity. Instead of metrics or tetrads, it uses a connection together with Plebanski's chiral 2-forms as fundamental variables, rendering the phase space structure similar to that of SU(2) gauge theories. The chiral description simplifies computations of the constraint algebra, and allows us to perform the complete canonical analysis of the system. In particular, we explicitly compute the secondary constraint and carry out the stabilization procedure, thus proving that in general the theory propagates 7 degrees of freedom, consistently with previous claims. Finally, we point out that the description in terms of 2-forms opens the door to an infinite class of ghost-free massive bi-gravity actions. Our results apply directly to Euclidean signature. The reality conditions to be imposed in the Lorentzian signature appear to be more complicated than in the usual gravity case and are left as an open issue.
description: 26 pages; extended discussion of reality conditions, added references
Manufacturing 3-D Lithium-Ion Batteries with Interpenetrating Lattice Electrodes
Creators: name: Zou, Fangyu Nathan
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Lithium
subject: Lithium-ion Batteries
subject: 3-D Printing
subject: Vat Polymerization
subject: Chemical Engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: 3-D Batteries
subject: Additive Manufacturing
subject: Electrodeposition
subject: Lithium Cobalt Oxide

description: 3-D lithium-ion batteries have been proven to exhibit a higher energy density while minimizing power loss compared to the standard, layer-by-layer constructed 2-D lithium-ion batteries. This thesis explores the implementation of additive manufacturing in the process of constructing the proposed 3-D battery due to its capability of architecting materials with high accuracy and tunability. A 3-D lithium-ion battery backbone was created using a 2-step process, in which the first step 3-D printed the overall structure as a polymer, and the second step sputtered gold onto the polymer for conductive properties. The 3-D printed battery backbone consisted of two interpenetrating lattices made of post-cured PR48 resin that would serve as the anode and cathode, while the electrolyte would fill the space between the two electrodes. During the sputtering process, the polymer structure was rotated 6 times to guarantee that the sputtering will be conformal throughout the lattice. Electrodeposition was used to generate a LiCoO2 anode and a Li cathode. The electrodeposition of the lithium cobalt oxide cathode onto the lattice structure was proven to be unsuccessful due to the low thermal stability and high reactivity of the 3-D printed polymer when submerged into the electrolyte, consisting of KOH at 260 °C. Results indicate that the uniform electrodeposition of the lithium anode onto the lattice structure was successful using a 1s on, 1s off pulse current for a 60-minute duration. Using a titanium and gold layer proved to increase the uniformity of the coating. However, due to the failure of the lithium cobalt oxide electrodeposition, a different backbone structure may need to be considered. Having two separate structures serving as the anode and cathode (and later combining them into one structure) as opposed to both electrodes being on one structure may be beneficial. This allows for the cathode to be altered without altering both electrodes, allowing more flexibility to coat the structure with lithium cobalt oxide.
The geology of a portion of Humphrey's quadrangle
Creators: name: Scott, David Holcomb
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1939
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Two sedimentary formations are present in this area; the Modelo formation and the Mint Canyon formation. The latter sediments make up most of the rocks in this region while the former is confined to the southwestern one-fourth of the area. An angular unconformity separates the marine Modelo (Upper Miocene) from the non-marine Mint Canyon formation (Lower-Upper Miocene). The sediments are typical of those deposited under semi-arid conditions. Conglomerates, sandstones, and clays are abundant. There has been little local faulting, but folding is developed to a high degree, especially in the sediments of the Mint Canyon. Recurrent volcanic activity has taken place in Miocene time and several ash beds are interbedded in the sediments. The only other rocks present in the area are some uplifted terrace gravels of Quaternary age and the recent valley alluvium.
Dopamine neurons make glutamatergic synapses in vitro
Creators: name: Sulzer, David L.
name: Joyce, Myra P.
name: Lin, L.
name: Geldwert, Daron
name: Haber, Suzanne N.
name: Hattori, Toshiaki
name: Rayport, Stephen G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Glutamic acid
subject: Synapses
subject: Dopaminergic neurons
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Interactions between dopamine and glutamate play prominent roles in memory, addiction, and schizophrenia. Several lines of evidence have suggested that the ventral midbrain dopamine neurons that give rise to the major CNS dopaminergic projections may also be glutamatergic. To examine this possibility, we double immunostained ventral midbrain sections from rat and monkey for the dopamine-synthetic enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase and for glutamate; we found that most dopamine neurons immunostained for glutamate, both in rat and monkey. We then used postnatal cell culture to examine individual dopamine neurons. Again, most dopamine neurons immunostained for glutamate; they were also immunoreactive for phosphate-activated glutaminase, the major source of neurotransmitter glutamate. Inhibition of glutaminase reduced glutamate staining. In single-cell microculture, dopamine neurons gave rise to varicosities immunoreactive for both tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamate and others immunoreactive mainly for glutamate, which were found near the cell body. At the ultrastructural level, dopamine neurons formed occasional dopaminergic varicosities with symmetric synaptic specializations, but they more commonly formed nondopaminergic varicosities with asymmetric synaptic specializations. Stimulation of individual dopamine neurons evoked a fast glutamatergic autaptic EPSC that showed presynaptic inhibition caused by concomitant dopamine release. Thus, dopamine neurons may exert rapid synaptic actions via their glutamatergic synapses and slower modulatory actions via their dopaminergic synapses. Together with evidence for glutamate cotransmission in serotonergic raphe neurons and noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons, the present results suggest that glutamatergic cotransmission may be the rule for central monoaminergic neurons.
Open Source Engagement of University Presses - presentation at the 3rd AEUP Conference "Publishing in Nervous Times"
Creators: name: Putnings, Markus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: university press
open source
academic publishing
open access

description: A presentation by Markus Putnings "Open Source Engagement of University Presses: Status of the Open Source Academic Publishing Suite (OS-APS) and outlook on possible follow-up projects" presented at the 3rd AEUP Conference "Publishing in Nervous Times" on 16 May 2023 in Tallinn, Estonia.
Capillary condensation in one-dimensional irregular confinement
Creators: name: Handford, Thomas P.
name: Perez-Reche, Francisco J.
name: Taraskin, Sergei N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A lattice-gas model with heterogeneity is developed for the description of fluid condensation in finite sized one-dimensional pores of arbitrary shape. An exact solution of the model is presented for zero-temperature that reproduces the experimentally observed dependence of the amount of fluid adsorbed in the pore on external pressure. Finite-temperature Metropolis dynamics simulations support analytical findings in the limit of low temperatures. The proposed framework is viewed as a fundamental building block of the theory of capillary condensation necessary for reliable structural analysis of complex porous media from adsorption-desorption data.
description: 15 Pages, 9 Figures
The evolution of cooperation through institutional incentives and optional participation
Creators: name: Sasaki, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Rewards and penalties are common practical tools that can be used to promote cooperation in social institutions. The evolution of cooperation under reward and punishment incentives in joint enterprises has been formalized and investigated, mostly by using compulsory public good games. Recently, Sasaki et al. (2012, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:1165-1169) considered optional participation as well as institutional incentives and described how the interplay between these mechanisms affects the evolution of cooperation in public good games. Here, we present a full classification of these evolutionary dynamics. Specifically, whenever penalties are large enough to cause the bi-stability of both cooperation and defection in cases in which participation in the public good game is compulsory, these penalties will ultimately result in cooperation if participation in the public good game is optional. The global stability of coercion-based cooperation in this optional case contrasts strikingly with the bi-stability that is observed in the compulsory case. We also argue that optional participation is not so effective at improving cooperation under rewards.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Broadcasting of non-locality
Creators: name: Patel, Dhrumil
name: Roy, Arup
name: Chakrabarty, Indranil
name: Ganguly, Nirman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bell nonlocality and steering are archetypal characteristics of quantum mechanics that mark a significant departure from conventional classical notions. They basically refer to the presence of quantum correlations between separated systems which violate a nonlocal inequality, the violation otherwise not possible if we restrict ourselves only to classical correlations. In view of the importance of such unique correlations one may be interested to generate more states exhibiting nonlocality starting from a few, a protocol which is termed as broadcasting. However, in the present submission, we show using universal Buzek-Hillary(BH) quantum cloning machine that, if one restricts to broadcasting through local quantum cloning, then such nonlocality cannot be broadcasted. Our study is done in the purview of the Bell-CHSH inequality and the CJWR (E.G.Cavalcanti,S.J. Jones,H.M Wiseman and M.D. Reid, Phys.Rev.A 80,032112(2009)) steering inequality. It is observed that when number of measurement settings is greater than 6, some of the output states are steerable after the application of local optimal B-H cloners. We find that, under some restrictions, if the Werner and Bell diagonal states are subjected to such procedures, then the resultant state is rendered unsteerable. We extend this study to three qubit systems and find that genuine tripartite nonlocality cannot be broadcasted using universal BH local quantum cloners, when we consider the Svetlichny's inequality. For two qubit systems, we have considered $10^5$ simulated general local unitaries over Werner and Bell-diagonal states and find that for none of these states broadcasting on nonlocality and 3-steerability is possible.
description: 11 pages
Season-specific management strategies for rainfed soybean in the South American Pampas based on a seasonal precipitation forecast
Creators: name: Rizzo, Gonzalo
name: Mazzili, Sebastian
name: Ernst, Oswaldo
name: Baethgen, Walter E.
name: Berger, Andres
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cropping systems
Crops--Management
Long-range weather forecasting
Precipitation forecasting
Soybean

description: CONTEXT Global climate change is resulting in more frequent and more damaging extreme events affecting the performance of production systems. It is imperative to develop good season-specific crop management recommendations to help farmers to improve their adaptive capacity to a changing climate one season at a time. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the skill of the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) seasonal precipitation forecasts and the interaction between the forecasted seasonal precipitation scenarios and management practices for rainfed soybean cropping systems using a crop simulation model. METHODS We used a crop simulation model (CROPGRO-Soybean) coupled with weather data to assess the potential use of the IRI seasonal precipitation forecasts as a tool to optimize season-specific management strategies for rainfed soybean in Uruguay. We used a total of 620–668 IRI seasonal precipitation forecasts released from 2003 to 2016 for each of the five weather stations located in the main soybean producing area. The analysis was performed for two soybean cropping systems (i.e., sown as a single crop or as double-cropped soybean), for which we considered combinations of sowing dates and maturity groups (11 sowing dates × 3 maturity groups combinations for each soybean cropping system). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The IRI seasonal precipitation forecasts were able to successfully forecast below-normal precipitation scenarios in 77% of the total predictions developed for this scenario considering all weather stations during the study period (2003–2016), while it was less accurate in forecasting above-normal precipitation scenarios (60% of success). We found that earlier sowing dates were a better strategy for years when an above-normal precipitation forecast was released for the December–January-February period (4.7 Mg ha−1 average seed yield). In contrast, delayed sowing dates were more appropriate for below-normal precipitation forecasts (3.7 Mg ha−1 average seed yield). Applying season-specific management practices farmers could potentially increase their soybean yields by up to 0.6 and 1.6 Mg ha−1, in years with below- or above-normal forecasted precipitations, respectively. The benefit of season-specific management will depend on the interaction among all management practices, the effective capacity of farmers to implement it, and the risk profile the farmer adopts and it is exposed to. SIGNIFICANCE Here we built a novel approach to assess the impact of considering seasonal precipitation forecasts for optimizing crop production. This assessment provided insights on how farmers can use seasonal precipitation forecasts to optimize rainfed soybean yield for a specific cropping season.
Molecular Profiling Reveals Biologically Discrete Subsets and Pathways of Progression in Diffuse Glioma
Creators: name: Tirapelli, Daniel Pretti da Cunha
name: Cooper, Lee
name: Ling, Shiyun
name: Verhaak, Roel G.W.
name: Zhang, Hailei
name: Wrensch, Margaret
name: Radenbaugh, Amie
name: Yung, W.K. Alfred
name: Grifford, Mia
name: Mikkelsen, Tom
name: Meyerson, Matthew
name: Huse, Jason
name: TCGA Research Network
name: Zoppoli, Pietro
name: Lau, Ching C.
name: Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S.
name: Laird, Peter W.
name: Akbani, Rehan
name: Anjum, Samreen
name: Noushmehr, Houtan
name: Zheng, Siyuan
name: Iavarone, Antonio
name: Malta, Tathiane
name: Rao, Ganesh
name: Rao, Aravind
name: Sabedot, Thais
name: Newton, Yulia
name: Carolotti, Jr., Carlos Gilberto
name: Rao, Arjun A.
name: Pagnotta, Stefano
name: Gutmann, David
name: Manyam, Ganiraju
name: Poisson, Laila
name: Aldape, Kenneth
name: Rabadan, Raul
name: Murray, Bradley
name: Salama, Sofie
name: Barthel, Floris P.
name: Haussler, David
name: Hess, Kenneth
name: Ceccarelli, Michele
name: Lehrman, Norman L.
name: Cherniack, Andrew D.
name: Morozova, Olena
name: Beroukhim, Rameen
name: Brat, Daniel J.
name: Wang, Jiguang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Therapy development for adult diffuse glioma is hindered by incomplete knowledge of somatic glioma driving alterations and suboptimal disease classification. We defined the complete set of genes associated with 1,122 diffuse grade II-III-IV gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas and used molecular profiles to improve disease classification, identify molecular correlations, and provide insights into the progression from low- to high-grade disease. Whole-genome sequencing data analysis determined that ATRX but not TERT promoter mutations are associated with increased telomere length. Recent advances in glioma classification based on IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion status were recapitulated through analysis of DNA methylation profiles, which identified clinically relevant molecular subsets. A subtype of IDH mutant glioma was associated with DNA demethylation and poor outcome; a group of IDH-wild-type diffuse glioma showed molecular similarity to pilocytic astrocytoma and relatively favorable survival. Understanding of cohesive disease groups may aid improved clinical outcomes.
Quantum-Coherence-Enhanced Surface Plasmon Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Creators: name: Dorfman, Konstantin E.
name: Jha, Pankaj K.
name: Voronine, Dmitri V.
name: Genevet, Patrice
name: Capasso, Federico
name: Scully, Marlan O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate surface plasmon amplification in a silver nanoparticle coupled to an externally driven three-level gain medium, and show that quantum coherence significantly enhances the generation of surface plasmons. Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation is achieved in the absence of population inversion on the spasing transition, which reduces the pump requirements. The coherent drive allows us to control the dynamics, and holds promise for quantum control of nanoplasmonic devices.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Automatic Detection of Abrupt Transitions in Paleoclimate Records
Creators: name: Bagniewski, W.
name: Ghil, M.
name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Climatic changes

description: Bifurcations and tipping points (TPs) are an important part of the Earth system’s behavior. These critical points represent thresholds at which small changes in the system’s parameters or in the forcing abruptly switch it from one state or type of behavior to another. Current concern with TPs is largely due to the potential of slow anthropogenic forcing to bring about abrupt, and possibly irreversible, change to the physical climate system and impacted ecosystems. Paleoclimate proxy records have been shown to contain abrupt transitions, or “jumps,” which may represent former instances of such dramatic climate change events. These transitions can provide valuable information for identifying critical TPs in current and future climate evolution. Here we present a robust methodology for detecting abrupt transitions in proxy records that is applied to ice core and speleothem records of the last climate cycle. This methodology is based on the nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test for the equality, or not, of the probability distributions associated with two samples drawn from a time series, before and after any potential jump. To improve the detection of abrupt transitions in proxy records, the KS test is augmented by several other criteria and it is compared with recurrence analysis. The augmented KS test results show substantial skill when compared with more subjective criteria for jump detection. This test can also usefully complement recurrence analysis and improve upon certain aspects of its results.
Solitary wave solutions to the Isobe-Kakinuma model for water waves
Creators: name: Colin, Mathieu
name: Iguchi, Tatsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the Isobe-Kakinuma model for two-dimensional water waves in the case of the flat bottom. The Isobe-Kakinuma model is a system of Euler-Lagrange equations for a Lagrangian approximating Luke's Lagrangian for water waves. We show theoretically the existence of a family of small amplitude solitary wave solutions to the Isobe-Kakinuma model in the long wave regime. Numerical analysis for large amplitude solitary wave solutions is also provided and suggests the existence of a solitary wave of extreme form with a sharp crest.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Comprehensive and Integrative Genomic Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Creators: name: The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Liver cancer has the second highest worldwide
cancer mortality rate and has limited therapeutic options.
We analyzed 363 hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) cases by whole-exome sequencing and DNA
copy number analyses, and we analyzed 196 HCC
cases by DNA methylation, RNA, miRNA, and proteomic
expression also. DNA sequencing and mutation
analysis identified significantly mutated genes,
including LZTR1, EEF1A1, SF3B1, and SMARCA4.
Significant alterations by mutation or downregulation
by hypermethylation in genes likely to result in HCC
metabolic reprogramming (ALB, APOB, and CPS1)
were observed. Integrative molecular HCC subtyping
incorporating unsupervised clustering of five data
platforms identified three subtypes, one of which
was associated with poorer prognosis in three HCC
cohorts. Integrated analyses enabled development
of a p53 target gene expression signature correlating
with poor survival. Potential therapeutic targets
for which inhibitors exist include WNT signaling,
MDM4, MET, VEGFA, MCL1, IDH1, TERT, and immune
checkpoint proteins CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1.
Deposition of model chains on surfaces: anomalous relation between flux and stability
Creators: name: Jana, Pritam Kumar
name: Heuer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Model chains are studied via Monte Carlo simulations which are deposited with a fixed flux on a substrate. They may represent, e.g., stiff lipophilic chains with an head group and tail groups mimicking the alkyl chain. After some subsequent fixed simulation time we determine the final energy as a function of flux and temperature. Surprisingly, in some range of temperature and flux the final energy increases with decreasing flux. The physical origin of this counterintuitive observation is elucidated. In contrast, when performing equivalent cooling experiments no such anomaly is observed. Furthermore, it is elaborated whether flux experiments give rise to configurations with lower energies as compared to cooling experiments. These results are related to recent experiments by the Ediger group where very stable configurations of glass-forming systems have been generated via flux experiments.
Lifshitz as a deformation of Anti-de Sitter
Creators: name: Korovin, Yegor
name: Skenderis, Kostas
name: Taylor, Marika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider holography for Lifshitz spacetimes with dynamical exponent z=1+epsilon^2, where epsilon is small. We show that the holographically dual field theory is a specific deformation of the relativistic CFT, corresponding to the z=1 theory. Treating epsilon as a small expansion parameter we set up the holographic dictionary for Einstein-Proca models up to order epsilon^2 in three and four bulk dimensions. We explain how renormalization turns the relativistic conformal invariance into non-relativistic Lifshitz invariance with dynamical exponent z=1+epsilon^2. We compute the two-point function of the conserved spin two current for the dual two-dimensional field theory and verify that it is Lifshitz invariant. Using only QFT arguments, we show that a particular class of deformations of CFTs generically leads to Lifshitz scaling invariance and we construct examples of such deformations.
description: 70 pages; v2: references added and minor improvements
title: An Exploration of Issues Facing Vertiport Integration in the Wasatch Front
Creators: name: Hall, Katelynn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) are expected to fill our skies to provide services such as package delivery, supporting emergency services, and even as a new mode of transit. While the private sector has been developing UAS for many years, the planning realm has not considered this new technology’s potential impacts on our communities in any depth. A primary aspect of UAS integration is the development of vertiports, which facilitate ground-based interaction with UAS. These centers, unlike traditional aerial infrastructure, must be dispersed throughout communities to support UAS integration. This thesis aims to involve planning professions in UAS integration by identifying how the integration of vertiports may impact our communities, and how our communities may impact them. This is accomplished through two primary objectives: a perception study towards UAS and vertiports, followed by a suitability analysis for potential vertiport sites based on neighboring community elements. When combined, these analyses provide clear insight into the best potential developable areas and give planners a tool to begin UAS integration decisions within their communities.
Upper-Bound General Circulation of the Ocean: A Theoretical Exposition
Creators: name: Ou, Hsien Wang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ocean circulation
subject: Thermodynamics
subject: Fluid dynamics
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: This paper considers the general ocean circulation (GOC) within the thermodynamical closure of our climate theory, which aims to deduce the generic climate state from first principles. The preceding papers of this theory have reduced planetary fluids to warm/cold masses and determined their bulk properties, which provide prior constraints for the derivation of the upper-bound circulation when the potential vorticity (PV) is homogenized in moving masses. In a companion paper on the general atmosphere circulation (GAC), this upper bound is seen to reproduce the observed prevailing wind, therefore forsaking discordant explanations of the easterly trade winds and the polar jet stream. In this paper on the ocean, we again show that this upper bound may replicate broad features of the observed circulation, including a western-intensified subtropical gyre and a counter-rotating tropical gyre feeding the equatorial undercurrent. Since PV homogenization has short-circuited the wind curl, the Sverdrup dynamics does not need to be the sole progenitor of the western intensification, as commonly perceived. Together with GAC, we posit that PV homogenization provides a unifying dynamical principle of the large-scale planetary circulation, which may be interpreted as the maximum macroscopic motion extractable by microscopic stirring, within the confines of thermal differentiation.
Method for estimating downwash behind swept airfoils
Creators: name: Wheldon, Wilbert G.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1948
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: A theoretical investigation has been made relative to the adaptation of the simple Prandtl wing theory to wings with highly swept lifting lines for purposes of computing downwash. Equations have been developed relating the characteristic geometry of this type of wing to the associated vortex pattern and the Biot-Savart Equation has been integrated in such a way as to most facilitate engineering calculations. The assumption is made that the distribution of circulation about the wing has been predetermined by one of the recently developed span-loading theories.

The general method of approach as has been used by Silverstein, Katzoff and Bullivant in Reference (1) is used herein. The primary deviation from the procedure outlined by these authors is the extension of computational methods from the two dimensional plane-of-symmetry analysis to three dimensions. Though it is not always stated implicitly, some of their devices are employed unchanged and others are altered to fit different conditions.

Calculations have been made (see Appendix A) for a wing for which experimental data on downwash are available. The comparison between theory and experiment is found to be relatively good. Charts and tabular forms have been presented which are expected to be of use to designers interested in tail loads on swept-winged aircraft whose landings and take-offs take place at high angles of attack.
Néel temperature and thermodynamics of the half-filled 3D Hubbard model by Diagrammatic Determinant Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Kozik, E.
name: Burovski, E.
name: Scarola, V. W.
name: Troyer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermodynamics of the 3D Hubbard model at half filling on approach to the Néel transition by means of large-scale unbiased Diagrammatic Determinant Monte Carlo simulations. We obtain the transition temperature in the strongly correlated regime, as well as temperature dependence of energy, entropy, double occupancy, and the nearest-neighbor spin correlation function. Our results improve the accuracy of previous unbiased studies and present accurate benchmarks in the ongoing effort to realize the antiferromagnetic state of matter with ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables
A theory of glacier dynamics and instabilities Part 2: Flatbed ice streams
Creators: name: Ou, Hsien Wang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ice streams
Ice--Dynamics
Glaciology

description: In Part 1, we have considered the dynamics of topographically confined glaciers, which may undergo surge cycles when the bed becomes temperate. In this Part 2, we consider the ice discharge over a flatbed, which would self-organize into alternating stream/ridge pairs of wet/frozen beds. The meltwater drainage, no longer curbed by the bed trough, would counter the conductive cooling to render a minimum bed strength at some intermediate width, toward which the stream would evolve over centennial timescale. At this stationary state, the stream width is roughly twice the geometric mean of the stream height and length, which is commensurate with its observed width. Over a flatbed, streams invariably interact, and we deduce that the neighboring ones would exhibit compensating cycles of maximum velocity and stagnation over the centennial timescale. This deduction is consistent with observed time variation of Ross ice streams B and C (ISB/C), which is thus a manifestation of the natural cycle. Moreover, the model uncovers an overlooked mechanism of the ISC stagnation: as ISB widens following its reactivation, it narrows ISC to augment the loss of the meltwater, leading to its stagnation. This stagnation is preceded by ice thickening hence opposite to the thinning-induced surge termination.
A theory of glacier dynamics and instabilities Part 1: Topographically confined glaciers
Creators: name: Ou, Hsien Wang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ice--Dynamics
Glaciers
Glaciers--Mathematical models
Glaciology

description: We present a theoretical framework that integrates the dynamics of glaciers with and without the topographic confinement. This Part 1 paper concerns the former, which may exhibit surge cycles when subjected to thermal switches associated with the bed condition. With the topographic trough setting the glacier width and curbing the lateral drainage of the meltwater, the problem falls under the purview of the undrained plastic bed (UPB) formalism. Employing the UPB, we shall examine the external controls of the glacial behavior and test them against observations. Through our non-dimensionalization scheme, we construct a 2-D regime diagram, which allows a ready prognosis of the glacial properties over the full range of the external conditions, both climate- and size-related. We first discern the boundaries separating the glacial regimes of steadycreep, cyclic-surging and steady-sliding. We then apply the regime diagram to observed glaciers for quantitative comparisons. These include the Svalbard glaciers of both normal and surge types, Northeast Greenland Ice Stream characterized by steady-sliding, and Hudson Strait Ice Stream exhibiting cyclic surges. The quantitative validation of our model containing no free parameters suggests that the thermal switch may unify the dynamics of these diverse glaciers.
What Comes First, the Fault or the Ductile Shear Zone?
Creators: name: Scholz, Christopher H.
name: Choi, Eunseo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Faults (Geology)
Shear zones (Geology)
Earthquakes
Seismology

description: Crustal scale fault zones extend below the brittle-ductile transition as ductile shear zones. Here we address the question of which regime, brittle or ductile, initiates and controls the overall system of shear localization. Observations of crustal scale but low displacement conjugate strike-slip faults show that they are typically nearly orthogonal, as expected from plastic shear criteria. Sub-crustal scale conjugate strike-slip faults, however, have acute dihedral angles in accordance with the Coulomb fracture criterion as Anderson’s theory predicts. We modeled the crustal scale system with strain weakening rheologies that follow the Coulomb and von Mises criteria respectively, within the brittle and ductile regimes. We ﬁnd that when the strain weakening rate in the ductile regime exceeds a critical value the entire system shears in the von Mises mode with orthogonal conjugate shears forming at all depths, in accordance with the observations. There is, as observed, no deﬂection of fault orientation at the brittle-ductile transition. Anderson’s theory of faulting thus breaks down for crustal scale faults. This difference in behavior was already evident in data presented in Anderson’s 1951 book, but its signiﬁcance was not understood at that time.