cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ophichthus exourus McCosker 1999
Creators: name: E, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Anguilliformes
Ophichthidae
Ophichthus
Ophichthus exourus

description: Ophichthus exourus McCosker 1999
Ophichthus exourus McCosker 1999: 575 (type locality New Caledonia, holotype MNHN 1995-425).
Diagnosis. A moderately elongate species of Ophichthus, subgenus Coecilophis, with: tail 59–60%, head 8.1– 8.3% and greatest body depth 3.4–3.8% of TL; dorsal-fin origin in anterior third of trunk; pectoral fins small, paddle-shaped; posterior margin of orbit above rictus; posterior nostril in upper lip, covered by a flap; cephalic pores small, inconspicuous, SO 1+4, IO 3+2, POM 2+6; teeth conical, numerous and small, biserial on maxillary, uniserial on mandible and vomer; coloration yellowish tan, brown dorsally, the fins pale, membrane of anal fin darkened before tail tip; mean vertebral formula 19.7/60/177.3, total vertebrae 176–179 (n=3).
Size. To 669 mm, a female with developing ova.
Distribution. Known from New Caledonia and from Fiji, at 400– 520 m.
Remarks. Originally described from the holotype and a paratype, an additional specimen of O. exourus was found in the collection of the MNHN (see below). It agrees in all characters and in its vertebral formula (18/59/179) with those of the type specimens. The holotype has 20/61/176 vertebrae.
Material examined. MNHN 1995-425, the holotype, 590 mm, New Caledonia (18o56'30 S, 163o12'90 E), 520 m. And paratype: CAS 89552, 429 mm, Fiji, Viti Levu, off Suva Barrier Reef, 400 m. Other material examined: MNHN 2001-1062, 525 mm, male, New Caledonia (21.13o 'S, 165.55o 'W), captured by pelagic trawl in 515–580 m by the Bathus Expedition on 12 Mar. 1993.
description: Published as part of E, John, 2010, Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2505 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195896
Ophichthus genie McCosker 1999
Creators: name: E, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Anguilliformes
Ophichthidae
Ophichthus
Ophichthus genie

description: Ophichthus genie McCosker 1999
Ophichthus genie McCosker 1999: 577 (type locality New Caledonia, holotype MNHN 1998-43).
Diagnosis. A moderately elongate species of Ophichthus, subgenus Coecilophis, with: tail 55–58%, head 9.3– 10.1%, and depth at gill openings 2.4–3.2% of TL; dorsal-fin origin before pectoral tips; pectoral fins elongate, lanceolate; posterior margin of orbit in advance of rictus; cephalic pores very reduced but discernible, SO 4+1, IO 4+2, POM 2+6–7; teeth small, conical, biserial in jaws and uniserial on vomer; coloration pale, overlain on dorsal half with fine brown punctations, fins pale; mean vertebral formula 14/57/ 142, total vertebrae 139–147 (n=6).
Size. To 337 mm, a female with developing ova.
Distribution. Known from New Caledonia and the Maldives, at 435– 500 m.
Remarks. The holotype of O. genie has 14/59/142 vertebrae.
Material examined. MNHN 1998-43, the holotype, 230 mm, New Caledonia (18o57'00 S, 163o12'60 E), 485 m. And paratypes: MNHN 1998-44, 217 mm, CAS 89551, 232 mm, and ANSP 174853, 206 mm, from New Caledonia (18o57'80 S, 163o14'00 E), 435 m; MNHN 1998-45, 196 mm, New Caledonia (18o55'80 S, 163o13'80 E), 500 m; BPBM 34923, 337 mm, Maldive Islands (04o19' N, 72o55' E), 215 m.
description: Published as part of E, John, 2010, Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2505 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195896
Ophichthus kunaloa McCosker 1979
Creators: name: E, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Anguilliformes
Ophichthidae
Ophichthus
Ophichthus kunaloa

description: Ophichthus kunaloa McCosker 1979
Ophichthus kunaloa McCosker 1979: 61 (type locality Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, holotype CAS 29136)
Diagnosis. A moderately elongate species of Ophichthus, subgenus Coecilophis, with: tail 59–60%, head 9.6– 10.1%, and body depth at gill opening 3.2–3.7% of TL; dorsal-fin origin above mid pectoral fin; pectoral fin elongate, but not filamentous; posterior margin or orbit in advance of rictus; posterior nostril a hole above the upper lip, covered by a flap; lip barbels absent; cephalic pores small but conspicuous, SO 1+4, IO 4+2, POM 2+5; teeth small and conical, biserial on anterior vomer and jaws; coloration uniform gray brown, lighter ventrally, all fins pale except anal which has a dark patch at posterior base; MVF 15-66-182, total vertebrae 180–185 (n=5).
Size. To 473 mm, specimen eviscerated, sex undeterminable.
Distribution. Known from Oahu and Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands, trapped at 350– 475 m.
Remarks. The second known capture of this species was reported by McCosker (2002). The holotype of O. kunaloa has 14/66/185 vertebrae.
Material examined. CAS 29136, 440 mm, female with maturing ova, SE of Barber's Point, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, 350 m; paratypes BPBM 21086, 473 mm, and USNM 218274, a partially eaten specimen, both collected with the holotype. Other material examined: CAS 47991, 2(383–423 mm) and BPBM 28120, 402 mm, NE of Hilo, Hawaii.
description: Published as part of E, John, 2010, Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2505 on page 25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195896
Ophichthus megalops Asano 1987
Creators: name: E, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Anguilliformes
Ophichthidae
Ophichthus
Ophichthus megalops

description: Ophichthus megalops Asano 1987
Ophichthus megalops Asano 1987: 135 (Kumano-nada, Japan, holotype FAK 19057).
Diagnosis. A moderately elongate species of Ophichthus, subgenus Coecilophis, with: tail 55%, head 11.0%, and depth at gill openings ~4% of TL; dorsal-fin origin 3.5 pectoral-fin lengths behind head (more than 1 head length behind gill opening); pectoral fins elongate, not lanceolate; rear margin of orbit in advance of rictus; posterior nostril a hole above upper lip, covered by a flap; head pores conspicuous, SO 1+4, IO 4+2, POM 3+6; teeth numerous, small and conical, biserial on jaws, uniserial posteriorly on vomer, biserial anteriorly; coloration pale, slightly darker dorsally, snout tip and lower jaw darker, fins and anterior nostrils pale, and posterior region of anal-fin base black; vertebral formula 29/60/160.
Size. 332 mm, sex not determined.
Distribution. Known from a single specimen trawled in 360 m off Owase, Mie Prefecture, Japan.
Remarks. The species is known only from the holotype.
Material examined. This entry is based entirely on the original description.
description: Published as part of E, John, 2010, Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2505 on page 28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195896
Ophichthus mystacinus McCosker 1999
Creators: name: E, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Anguilliformes
Ophichthidae
Ophichthus
Ophichthus mystacinus

description: Ophichthus mystacinus McCosker 1999
Ophichthus mystacinus McCosker 1999: 579 (type locality New Caledonia, holotype MNHN 1998-46).
Diagnosis. A moderately elongate species of Ophichthus, subgenus Coecilophis, with: tail 59–60%, head 10.7–11.7%, body depth behind gill openings 3.6–4.3% of TL; dorsal-fin origin about mid-trunk; pectoral fins elongate, the central rays threadlike; posterior margin of the orbit ahead of the rictus; cephalic pores small and difficult to discern, SO 1+4, IO 4+2, POM 2+6; teeth conical, numerous and small, biserial in jaws and anteriorly on vomer; coloration yellowish tan, brown dorsally, fins pale, anterior nostrils pale, snout tip smudged, but not blackened; and mean vertebral formula 34.2/61.3/169.7., total vertebrae 162–177 (n=8).
Size. To 429 mm. The holotype, 426 mm, is a male with undeveloped gonads.
Distribution. Known from New Caledonia, Tonga, Fiji, and the Philippines, between 371–824 m depth.
Remarks. Originally described from New Caledonia collections at 450–580 m depth, subsequent material from Fiji and Tonga as shallow as 370 m, and from the Philippines at 810–824 m was identified. The holotype of O. mystacinus has 35/62/174 vertebrae.
Material examined. MNHN 1998-46, the holotype, 426 mm, New Caledonia (18o58'00 S, 163o10'50 E), 580 m. And paratypes: CAS 89552, 429 mm, and BPBM 37308, 336 mm, New Caledonia (18o56'80 S, 163o17'70 E), 450 m; MNHN 1998-47, 383 mm, New Caledonia (18o55'80 S, 163o13'80 E), 500 m. And other material examined: MNHN 1997-1602, 409 mm, Vanuatu, 469– 525 m. MNHN 1997-0603, 433 mm, Vanuatu, 522– 527 m. MNHN 2001-1064, 373 mm, Tonga (21o04'S, 175o22'E), 487 m, otter trawl, Sta. CP 1643, 22 June 2001. MNHN 2001-1067, 3(386–451 mm), Tonga (19o06'S, 174o18'E), 371–437 m, otter trawl, 14 June 2001. MNHN 2001-1094, 563 mm, Fiji (17o11'S, 178o41'E), 398–409 m, otter trawl, 3 Mar. 1999. MNHN 2001-1097, 357 mm, Fiji, (16o05'S, 178o28'E), 400–407 m, otter trawl, 26 Feb. 1999. MNHN 1998- 0 660, 356 mm, an immature male, from off Lubang Island, Philippine Islands, (13o37'N, 120o34'E), Campaigne Musorstom 2, 1998, captured by 4 m otter trawl in 810–824 m on 27 Nov. 1980.
description: Published as part of E, John, 2010, Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2505 on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195896
Ophichthus serpentinus Seale 1917
Creators: name: E, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Anguilliformes
Ophichthidae
Ophichthus
Ophichthus serpentinus

description: Ophichthus serpentinus Seale 1917
Ophichthys serpentinus Seale 1917: 84 (type locality, Cape of Good Hope, holotype MCZ 9200). Ophichthus karreri Blache 1975: 733 (type locality, Namibia, holotype ZMB 22065).
Ophichthus bennettai McCosker 1986: 2 (type locality, South Africa, holotype RUSI 20033).
Diagnosis. A moderately elongate species of Ophichthus, subgenus Coecilophis, with: tail 62.5%, head 6.4– 6.8%, and depth behind gill opening 2.8–2.9% of TL; dorsal-fin origin 2–3 pectoral-fin lengths behind pectoral base; pectoral fin rounded; posterior margin of orbit in advance of rictus; head pores small, SO 1+4, IO 4+2, POM 2+6; teeth small, conical, biserial on maxillary, uniserial on mandible, biserial on vomer anteriorly, uniserial posteriorly; coloration yellow, darker dorsally, fins pale; mean vertebral formula 18/62/ 165, total vertebrae 162–167 (n= 3).
Size. To 680 mm, sex undetermined.
Distribution. From Namibia and South Africa, from 235– 372 m.
Remarks. Although this is primarily a southeastern Atlantic species, the holotype was reported to have been captured at the Cape of Good Hope and it is therefore included on the chance that it might be found in the Indian Ocean. Ophichthus karreri Blache (1975) was considered a junior synonym of O. serpentinus by McCosker (2006). The holotype of Ophichthus serpentinus has 166 vertebrae.
Material examined. MCZ 9200, 495 mm, the holotype of Ophichthys serpentinus, Cape of Good Hope; RUSI 20033, 680 mm, the holotype of Ophichthus bennettai, South Africa (32o14'S, 16o32'E), trawled in 372 m; and RUSI 25504, 581 mm, South Africa (33o41'S, 17o38'E), trawled in 235 m.
description: Published as part of E, John, 2010, Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2505 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195896
Ophichthus urolophus Temminck & Schlegel 1846
Creators: name: E, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Anguilliformes
Ophichthidae
Ophichthus
Ophichthus urolophus

description: Ophichthus urolophus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Conger urolophus Temminck & Schlegel 1846:260 (type locality Nagasaki, Japan, lectotype RMNH 3688a). Ophichthys urolophus: Günther 1870: 73.
Ophichthus urolophus: Jordan & Snyder 1901: 872.
Diagnosis. A moderately elongate species of Ophichthus, subgenus Coecilophis, with: tail 53–58%, head 11– 13%, and depth at gill opening 4.0–4.8% of TL; dorsal-fin origin slightly behind pectoral-tips; pectoral fins spatulate, not elongate, slightly less than jaw length; eye large, posterior margin of orbit ahead of rictus; posterior nostril a hole in upper lip covered by a flap; head pores small, inconspicuous, SO 1+3, IO 4+2, POM 2–3+6–7 (typically 3+7); teeth small, conical, uniserial on mandible and vomer, a few interior teeth on maxillary; coloration tan on flanks and dorsum, pale ventrally, all fins pale, anterior nostrils pale, chin and snout dusky. Mean vertebral formula 16.2/54.0/136.5, total vertebrae 134–139 (n=99).
Size. Attains 615 mm sex undetermined.
Distribution. Known from Japan, Indonesia, and NW Australia, generally at depths of 100– 420 m. An Indonesian specimen (NTM S-10750-001) was captured by bottom trawl in 40– 60 m.
Remarks. The lectotype of Conger urolophus was designated by Boesman (1947:187–188). It has 16/54/ 136 vertebrae. Sumida and Machida (2000) performed an extensive analysis of 89 specimens of O. urolophus from Southern Japan, and I have incorporated their counts and measurements (except for the body depth at gill opening, which they did not include) with specimens listed below in the material examined. A color photograph of a 616 mm specimen from Tosa Bay, Japan, appeared in Ida (1982:62).
Originally described from Japan, the range and depth distribution of Ophichthus urolophus is herein extended to include western Australia and Lombok, Indonesia, between 40– 420 m.
Material examined. RMNH 3688a, 413 mm, the lectotype, from Nagasaki, Japan. Other material examined: AMS I.22821-043, 6(406–490 mm), Western Australia, NW Shelf, N. of Pt. Hedland (18o16'S, 118o12'E), 298– 320 m. CSIRO CA 3757, 467 mm, Western Australia, NW Shelf, N. of Pt. Hedland (17o56'S, 118o21'E), prawn trawl at 418– 420 m. CSIRO CA 4424, 513 mm, Western Australia, S. of Scott's Reef (14o37'S, 127o47'E), lobster trawl at 300– 304 m. NTM S- 10750-001, 529 mm, South Lombok, Indonesia (09o00'S, 116o15'E), bottom trawl at 40– 60 m.
description: Published as part of E, John, 2010, Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2505 on page 37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195896
Polyergus
Creators: name: Trager, James C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Polyergus

description: Species of Polyergus
description: Published as part of Trager, James C., 2013, Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini), pp. 501-548 in Zootaxa 3722 (4) on page 510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/249140
Polyergus
Creators: name: Trager, James C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Polyergus

description: Polyergus rufescens-breviceps group
Alate female, ergatoid and worker castes mostly red in color, with varying degrees of infuscation of the lower mesosoma, gaster and appendages, or less often, bicolored (red foreparts with dark gaster; nanitic workers from young colonies are typically bicolored); densely pubescent on all gastral tergites. Most parasitize certain members of the F. fusca group, but one also parasitizes several members of the F. neogagates group. Mainly western North American from British Columbia to Ontario, Canada, south through California to the highlands of Baja California and Hidalgo, Mexico, and east to the Mississippi Valley. One species occurs in much of Europe, and in Asia east to the mountains of western China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
description: Published as part of Trager, James C., 2013, Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini), pp. 501-548 in Zootaxa 3722 (4) on page 510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/249140
Polyergus samurai
Creators: name: Trager, James C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Polyergus
Polyergus samurai

description: Polyergus samurai group
This group consists of two species characterized by Asian distribution east of the 90th Meridian, blackish body color (may fade to dark brown in preserved specimens), rectangular to slightly acute propodeal angle, and dorsally tapering recurved petiolar node. Both have a less compressed, more Formica –like clypeus than other Polyergus species, perhaps a more basal character state.
description: Published as part of Trager, James C., 2013, Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini), pp. 501-548 in Zootaxa 3722 (4) on page 521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/249140
Polyergus lucidus
Creators: name: Trager, James C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Polyergus
Polyergus lucidus

description: Polyergus lucidus group
This group comprises six, mostly eastern North American species, deep red to orange-red, often with conspicuously darker appendages, and very reduced pubescence and pilosity of the gastral dorsum. All parasitize members of the F. pallidefulva group. As a group these have relatively long appendages compared to the more pubescent, western North American species of the Polyergus breviceps complex.
description: Published as part of Trager, James C., 2013, Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini), pp. 501-548 in Zootaxa 3722 (4) on page 524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/249140
Manota tricuspis Hippa, 2007, sp. n.
Creators: name: Hippa, Heikki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Manota
Manota tricuspis

description: Manota tricuspis sp. n.
(Figs 14 A–C)
A small-sized Manota.
Male. Coloration. Almost unicolorous pale yellowish-brown. Head. Antennal flagellomere 4, Fig. 14 C. Palpomere 3 of maxillary palpus with apicomesial extension, with 5 apically expanded curved sensilla; palpomere 4 with parasegment. Thorax. Pleural setosity pattern similar to M. bicuspis, Fig. 1 E: anepisternum setose, with 52 setae; anterior basalare non-setose; preepisternum 2 setose, with 19 setae; laterotergite setose, with ca. 28 setae; episternum 3 setose, with ca. 10 setae. Wing. Length 1.6 mm. Hypopygium (Figs 14 A, B). Sternite 9 extending halfway between the base of gonocoxa and the base of gonostylus, laterally sharply delimited, posterior margin slightly notched, anterior margin deeply incised, setae similar to ventral setae of gonocoxa. Parastylar lobe well exposed, flat, with 2 posteriorly directed setae. Paraapodemal lobe exposed in ventral view of hypopygium. The dorsal mesial margin of gonocoxa simple except for a large setose lobe apically. Two juxtagonostylar setae present, a long slightly curved megaseta and a slightly shorter seta, arising from a basal body, which is about one-fourth of the length of the megaseta. Gonostylus elongate, simple, with long setae, apically with three strong setae, which are nearly as long as the gonostylus. Tegmen narrowly triangular, with weakly expressed shoulders. Hypoproct posteriorly extending to the level of the middle of gonocoxa, with ca. 7 setae on each side, mostly placed at the lateral margin. Cerci separate.
Female and preimaginal stages unknown.
Discussion. M. tricuspis resembles M. gemella but differs in its quite different gonostylus, which is twice as long, has three huge apical setae and lacks a small setose lobe at the middle of the mesial margin. Furthermore, the setose lobe apicodorsally on the gonocoxa is more mesial in position and has at its mesial margin two transversely directed setae, which diverge from the other setosity.
Types. Holotype. Male, Fiji, Viti Levu, Karst de Qalimare, Toga, 50 m, PM, 21.VIII. 1998, 17o 59’ S 177o 36’ E, forȇt sclrophylle, P. Bouchet (in MNHN).
description: Published as part of Hippa, Heikki, 2007, The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Melanesia and Oceania, pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 1502 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177118
Manota pacifica Edwards
Creators: name: Hippa, Heikki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Manota
Manota pacifica

description: Manota pacifica Edwards
Manota pacifica Edwards, 1928: 30.
For description, see Edwards (1928).
Discussion. M. pacifica was described from one male from Samoa, Savaii: Safune, rain forest above 2000 ft., which is also the only record of the species. I have not studied this holotype, but Edwards’ (1928) description with a good illustration of the hypopygium is quite enough to establish the identity of the species. The hypopygium of M. pacifica is similar to that of M. hamulata, M. bicuspis, M. parilis, M. evexa, M. orthacantha, M. pentacantha, and M. sicula. It is distinguished from all of these except M. sicula by the dorsal apicomesial lobe of gonocoxa, which is bilobate. The lobes in M. sicula and M. pacifica differ from each other so that the apical sub-lobes are approximately equal in size in M. pacifica whereas in M. sicula the more posterior one is much longer. Furthermore, M. pacifica differs from M. sicula by its simple gonostylus with all the setae much shorter than the gonostylus, whilst in M. sicula the gonostylus is unusually complicated, with several lobes, and basomesially and apicolaterally has setae which are as long as or longer than the gonostylus. In Edwards’ (1928) drawing there appear to be two setae apicolaterally on stergite 9, which are reminiscent of the three strong setae in approximately the same position in M. sicula. The gonostylus of M. pacifica is similar to that of M. parilis. The hypoproct resembles that of M. pentacantha in having setae only on the lateral marginal area, but differs in being broad, not unusually narrow as in M. pentacantha. The character of the parastylar lobe is not quite clear from Edwards’ (1928) drawing: it seems to be rather large, probably flat, and parallel with the mesial gonocoxal margin, not very different from that of M. parilis and M. bicuspis. It can be rather safely assumed that in M. pacifica the anepisternum, preepisternum 2, laterotergite and episternum 3 are setose as in all the species that share a similar structure of the hypopygium.
description: Published as part of Hippa, Heikki, 2007, The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Melanesia and Oceania, pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 1502 on page 43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177118
Agraulos Hawle & Corda 1847
Creators: name: Unger, Tanja
name: Hildenbrand, Anne
name: Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang
name: Austermann, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Ptychopariida
Agraulidae
Agraulos

description: Genus Agraulos Hawle & Corda, 1847
Agraulos Hawle & Corda, 1847: 26, 27. —
Type species: Arion ceticephalus Barrande, 1846, designated by Miller (1889).
Arion Barrande, 1846: 12, 13. —
Type species: Arion ceticephalus Barrande, 1846, by monotypy (Barrande 1846).
Arionides – Barrande 1847: 391.
Herse Hawle & Corda, 1847: 19. —
Type species: Herse neubergii Hawle & Corda, 1847, by monotypy (Hawle & Corda 1847).
Arionellus – Barrande 1852b: 404.
DIAGNOSIS. — Cranidium parabolic and domed; exoskeleton thick; glabella domed, equal-sided to trapezoidal; preglabellar field long; thorax of 16 segments (based onLake 1932; Harrington et al. 1959; Fletcher 2017, with modifications).
REMARKS
The genus was first described by Barrande (1846) as Arion. As the name Arion was occupied by a genus of gastropods, Hawle & Corda (1847) renamed the trilobite Arion to Agraulos. Barrande (1847) corrected his mistake and renamed the genus to Arionides. Barrande (1852b) re-renamed the genus to Arionellus, as in his opinion Arionides might still be challenged by other authors. He rejected Agraulos Hawle & Corda (1847) as he found the name too similar to Agraulis, a genus of butterflies. Nevertheless, Pompeckj (1896) and Lake (1932) stated that a similarity of names, i.e. Agraulos and Agraulis, was not an adequate reason to reject the name given by Hawle & Corda (1947). Therefore, Agraulos is now the name established for this genus. Lake (1932) mentioned that Hawle & Corda (1847) described juvenile forms of Agraulos as the new genus Herse.
The genus Agraulos is closely related to Skreiaspis Růžička, 1946, but differs by a longer preglabellar field (Harrington et al. 1959). Agraulos is here included in the family Agraulidae Howell, 1937, following e.g., Harrington et al. (1959), Martin & Dean (1988), Jell & Adrain (2002), Bentley & Jago (2004) and Weidner & Nielsen (2014). The limiting of Agraulidae to a subfamily of the family Solenopleuridae Angelin, 1854, as proposed by Fletcher (2017), is not followed herein. This latter author suggested that the same characters that support Agraulidae, as defined by Bentley & Jago (2004), are also seen in Parasolenopleura aculeata (Angelin, 1851), the reference species of the Solenopleuridae.However, the Solenopleuridae has a deep occipital furrow and a narrow border (Harrington et al. 1959), which differ from a weakly to effaced occipital furrow and presence of a preglabellar field, as characteristically seen in the Agraulidae (Harrington et al. 1959; Bentley & Jago 2004).
description: Published as part of Unger, Tanja, Hildenbrand, Anne, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang & Austermann, Gregor, 2022, Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 1051-1087 in Geodiversitas 44 (33) on pages 1055-1056, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a33, http://zenodo.org/record/7477657
Jincella Snajdr 1957
Creators: name: Unger, Tanja
name: Hildenbrand, Anne
name: Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang
name: Austermann, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Agnostida
Solenopleuridae
Jincella

description: Genus Jincella Šnajdr, 1957
Jincella Šnajdr, 1957: 241.
TYPE SPECIES. — Solenopleura prantli Růžička, 1946, by original designation.
DIAGNOSIS. — Glabella bluntly conical, not reaching frontal border; three pairs of shallow glabellar furrows; arched preglabellar area; arched cephalic border, widest in front of cranidium; ornamentation covering cranidium except for furrows and palpebral lobes; occipital ring with small node; thorax of 14 segments; pygidium small, with four to five rings on axis (based on Šnajdr 1957, 1958; Álvaro et al. 2004, with modifications).
REMARKS
The genus Jincella is closely related to the genus Solenopleura Angelin, 1854. Jincella has variously been treated as a junior synonym of Solenopleura (e.g., Rushton & Berg-Madsen 2002), while other authors (e.g., Geyer 1998; Álvaro et al. 2004) separated the two based on the relative convexity of the glabella, fixigenae, anterior border and eye lobes. Ornamentation is another reliable diagnostic characteristic in Jincella, even though this has been questioned by Fletcher (2007), who ranked Jincella as a subgenus to Brunswickia Howell, 1937. Based on the original description of Howell (1937) and images of the specimens assigned to the genus Brunswickia, the shape of the cranidium in Brunswickia is narrower than that of Jincella. We here follow Álvaro et al. (2004) and interpret the presence of ornamentation of Jincella as a diagnostic characteristic. We therefore maintain the separation of Jincella from Brunswickia and Solenopleura and treat the genus as a member of Solenopleuridae, thus following e.g., Harrington et al. (1959), Courtessole (1973), Geyer (1998) and Álvaro et al. (2004).
description: Published as part of Unger, Tanja, Hildenbrand, Anne, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang & Austermann, Gregor, 2022, Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 1051-1087 in Geodiversitas 44 (33) on page 1060, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a33, http://zenodo.org/record/7477657
Sao Barrande 1846
Creators: name: Unger, Tanja
name: Hildenbrand, Anne
name: Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang
name: Austermann, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Ptychopariida
Ptychopariidae
Sao

description: Genus Sao Barrande, 1846
Sao Barrande, 1846: 13. —
Type species: Sao hirsuta Barrande, 1846, by original designation.
Monadina – Barrande 1846: 19.
Monadella – Barrande 1847: 391.
Crithias – Hawle & Corda 1847: 17.
Tetracnemis – Hawle & Corda 1847: 17.
Goniacanthus – Hawle & Corda 1847: 18.
Enneacnemis – Hawle & Corda, 1847: 19.
Acanthocnemis – Hawle & Corda 1847: 20.
Acanthogramma – Hawle & Corda 1847: 20.
Endogramma – Hawle & Corda 1847: 21.
Micropyge – Hawle & Corda 1847: 21.
Selenosema – Hawle & Corda 1847: 23.
Staurogmus – Hawle & Corda 1847: 28.
DIAGNOSIS. —Wide cephalic border, strongly convex; glabella with three deep glabellar furrows and one longitudinal furrow; preglabellar field concave without ornamentation; cephalon with densely packed tubercles and small spines; thorax of 17 segments; pygidium short with one segment and one terminal piece (based on Harrington et al. 1959; Laibl et al. 2014, with modifications).
REMARKS
Barrande (1852b) was the first to describe the different growth stages of Sao. He revised different genera previously introduced by Barrande (1846) and Hawle & Corda (1847). Šnajdr (1958) further described the wide morphological range of ontogenetic stages, which is followed here. For further details see Šnajdr (1958).
Richter (1941) made a formal request to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in favour of Sao Barrande, 1846. He argued that the genus Sao Billberg, 1820, was preoccupied by a Stomatopoda, but that the name was not used subsequently. While Monadina Barrande, 1846 was available, Sao was already a well-established name for the trilobite. Richter’s (1941) request was accepted and Sao Barrande, 1846 was given priority.
description: Published as part of Unger, Tanja, Hildenbrand, Anne, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang & Austermann, Gregor, 2022, Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 1051-1087 in Geodiversitas 44 (33) on page 1062, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a33, http://zenodo.org/record/7477657
Bailiella Matthew 1885
Creators: name: Unger, Tanja
name: Hildenbrand, Anne
name: Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang
name: Austermann, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Ptychopariida
Conocoryphidae
Bailiella

description: Genus Bailiella Matthew, 1885
Bailiella Matthew, 1885: 124. —
Type species: Conocephalites baileyi Hartt in Dawson, 1868, designated by Miller (1889).
Tangshiella Hupé, 1953: 194. —
Type species: Bailiella ulrichi Resser & Endo, 1937, by original designation (Hupé 1953).
DIAGNOSIS. — Cephalon semicircular; fixed cheeks continuous in front of glabella; border furrow extends around cranidium; surface ornamented (based on Resser 1936; Lake 1940, with modifications).
REMARKS
Hupé (1953) introduced the genus Tangshiella without providing a description or discussion. The type species is Bailiella ulrichi Resser & Endo, 1937. The diagnosis of B. ulrichi matches that of the genus Bailiella; therefore, the genus Tangshiella is here considered to be a synonym of Bailiella. The genus is closely related to Conocoryphe Hawle & Corda, 1847, but differs in having a longer preglabellar area and the absence of furrows (Resser 1936). The taxonomic distinction from Bailiaspis Resser, 1936, is less distinct and presently unsolved (Resser 1936; Álvaro & Vizcaïno 2018). Kim et al. (2002) regarded the genus Bailiella as paraphyletic and did not provide a diagnosis. Clearly, the genus requires revision. Bailiella is here treated as genus separated from related genera.
description: Published as part of Unger, Tanja, Hildenbrand, Anne, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang & Austermann, Gregor, 2022, Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 1051-1087 in Geodiversitas 44 (33) on page 1063, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a33, http://zenodo.org/record/7477657
Meneviella Stubblefield 1951
Creators: name: Unger, Tanja
name: Hildenbrand, Anne
name: Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang
name: Austermann, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Ptychopariida
Conocoryphidae
Meneviella

description: Genus Meneviella Stubblefield, 1951
Meneviella Stubblefield, 1951: 213. —
Type species: Erinnys venulosa Hicks, 1872, by monotypy.
Erinnys Hicks, 1872: 177. —
Type species: Erinnys venulosa Hicks, 1872, by monotypy (Hicks 1872).
Salteria – Walcott 1884: 31.
Menevia – Lake 1938: 270-272.
DIAGNOSIS. — Body elongate; micropygous; cephalon semicircular, wide and convex; fixigena meet in front of glabella; eye ridges at anterior third of glabella, tapering away; pair of librigenal spines; thorax of 25 segments or more with narrowing axis; pygidium small, axis tapering (based on Harrington et al. 1959, with modifications).
REMARKS
Hicks (1872) first described Erinnys venulosa. The name Erinnys was occupied by Schrank & Schrank (1801) who named a genus of butterflies Erynnis. Walcott (1884) recognized the circumstances and renamed the genus Salteria in honour of Salter. However, Salteria was already in use for another trilobite described by Thomson (1864), which was mentioned by Lake (1938). Lake (1938) gave the name Menevia to the genus, but this name was preoccupied by Schaus (1928). Stubblefield (1951) introduced Meneviella as a new generic name, which is still recognized today.
description: Published as part of Unger, Tanja, Hildenbrand, Anne, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang & Austermann, Gregor, 2022, Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 1051-1087 in Geodiversitas 44 (33) on page 1065, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a33, http://zenodo.org/record/7477657
Clarella Howell 1933
Creators: name: Unger, Tanja
name: Hildenbrand, Anne
name: Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang
name: Austermann, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Redlichiida
Centropleuridae
Clarella

description: Genus Clarella Howell, 1933
Clarella Howell, 1933: 219. —
Type species: Anapolenus venustus Billings, 1872, designated as lectotype by Howell (1933).
DIAGNOSIS. — Glabella with great forward expansion anterior of S1; palpebral lobes slightly sigmoidal, reaching almost genal angle; thorax with 15 segments; pygidium without border, up to four pairs of marginal spines; short axis with one to two axial rings (based on Howell 1933; Whittington et al. 1997, with modifications).
REMARKS
Clarella is distinguished from Anapolenus Salter, 1864a by sigmoidally shaped palpebral lobes that almost reach the genal angle. The palpebral lobes of Anapolenus curve in a uniform arc, reaching the genal angle. The pygidium of Clarella lacks a border, while that of Anapolenus is bordered (Howell 1933; Whittington et al. 1997).
description: Published as part of Unger, Tanja, Hildenbrand, Anne, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang & Austermann, Gregor, 2022, Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 1051-1087 in Geodiversitas 44 (33) on page 1075, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a33, http://zenodo.org/record/7477657
Acontheus Angelin 1851
Creators: name: Unger, Tanja
name: Hildenbrand, Anne
name: Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang
name: Austermann, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Corynexochida
Corynexochidae
Acontheus

description: Genus Acontheus Angelin, 1851
Acontheus Angelin, 1851: 5. —
Type species: Acontheus acutangulus Angelin, 1851, by original designation.
Aneucanthus – Angelin 1851: X.
Aneuacanthus – Barrande 1857: 17.
DIAGNOSIS. — Cranidium with narrow margin; glabella expands anteriorly, extends to anterior margin; pygidium subelliptical; pygidial axis of three or four axial rings, not reaching pygidial margin; wide pleural furrows extend to border with marked posterior deflection (based on Angelin 1851; Jago et al. 2012, with modifications).
REMARKS
Angelin (1851) first described the genus Acontheus and renamed it in the same publication. He introduced the name Aneucanthus for the genus, but as this was preoccupied by the name of a snake, he renamed the trilobite Aconthias. Barrande (1857) used Aneuacanthus for the genus, which was also used by Lindström in the second edition of Angelin’s (1851) work that was revised and published asAngelin (1878). We suggest that Aneuacanthus was incorrectly spelled as Barrande (1857) used the name without any further discussion or explanation. According to Westergård (1950: 8) Acontheus can be distinguished from Aconthias and therefore the original name Acontheus is used herein.
description: Published as part of Unger, Tanja, Hildenbrand, Anne, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang & Austermann, Gregor, 2022, Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 1051-1087 in Geodiversitas 44 (33) on pages 1075-1076, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a33, http://zenodo.org/record/7477657
Atrovirensis atrovirens
Creators: name: Han, H. L.
name: Pan, Z. H.
name: Kononenko, V. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Atrovirensis
Atrovirensis atrovirens

description: The atrovirens species-group
Atrovirens atrovirens and closely related A. annamita, A. parannamita, A. pedibus and A. sp. cf. parannamita represent the atrovirens species-group. It can be characterised mostly by genital features which are as described below. The males have thin, rather long, apically strengthened and hooked uncus, large triangular cucullus and characteristic shape of short vesica with presence of two diverticula, with medial one armed with large broad-based knife-like or arched, apically hooked cornutus; ventral diverticulum rather short, bearing group of 2–5 joined cornuti. In the female genitalia, the atrovirens species-group is characterised by rather large conical papillae anales and prominent conical or trapezoid antrum.
description: Published as part of Han, H. L., Pan, Z. H. & Kononenko, V. S., 2016, A review of the genus Atrovirensis Kononenko, 2001 with description of four new species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Xyleninae, Apameini), pp. 201-220 in Zootaxa 4088 (2) on page 203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/267005
Clarella venusta
Creators: name: Unger, Tanja
name: Hildenbrand, Anne
name: Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang
name: Austermann, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Redlichiida
Centropleuridae
Clarella
Clarella venusta

description: Clarella venusta (Billings, 1872)
(Fig. 16)
Anapolenus venustus Billings, 1872: 474-476, fig.11;1874: 73, 74, fig.42.
Clarella venusta – Hutchinson 1962: 111, 112, pl. 17, figs 7-10. — Martin & Dean 1988: 19, pl. 1, fig. 13. — Whittington et al. 1997: figs 308.1a, b. — Fletcher 2006: pl. 34, fig. 11 (partim).
LECTOTYPE. — Specimen GSC No. 284a, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, designated as lectotype by Whittington et al. (1997). From Chapel Arm, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, Canada.
DIAGNOSIS. — Glabella not reaching anterior margin; L4 short; eye lobes from L1 to S4; pygidium with two pairs of short marginal spines.
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Three cranidia of Clarella venusta (NFM F-3069; NFM F-3548; NFM F-3657). All specimens range between 16.25 and 16.27 m (Fig. 2) within the Manuels River Formation, type locality, Conception Bay South, Newfoundland, Canada.
OCCURRENCE. — Clarella venusta is rare in the middle Cambrian and only reported from southeastern Canada, eastern Newfoundland, in the Paradoxides hicksi and Paradoxides davidis zones (Hutchinson 1962; Martin & Dean 1988; Fletcher 2006).
DESCRIPTION
The cranidium (NFM F-3096) is 22.2 mm in width and 15.8 mm in length. The width of the glabella is 10.3 mm and the length is 10.8 mm. Due to the preservation of NFM F-3548; NFM F-3657 a solid measurment was not possible. The three cranidia are preserved as one disarticulated internal cast and two moulds.
REMARKS
The cranidium of Clarella venusta is similar to Clarella impar (Hicks, 1872). The palpebral lobes of C. venusta are narrower and curved more sigmoidally than those of C. impar (Cook, 1997). The librigena illustrated by Fletcher (2006: pl. 34, fig. 12) is disarticulated and its suture of the librigena does not match that of C. venusta. It is here excluded from the species.
description: Published as part of Unger, Tanja, Hildenbrand, Anne, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang & Austermann, Gregor, 2022, Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 1051-1087 in Geodiversitas 44 (33) on page 1075, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a33, http://zenodo.org/record/7477657
Acontheus inarmatus Hutchinson 1962
Creators: name: Unger, Tanja
name: Hildenbrand, Anne
name: Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang
name: Austermann, Gregor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Corynexochida
Corynexochidae
Acontheus
Acontheus inarmatus

description: Acontheus inarmatus Hutchinson, 1962
(Fig. 17)
Acontheus inarmatus Hutchinson, 1962: 109, pl. 16, figs 8a, b, 9.
Acontheus inarmatus minutus Sdzuy, 2000: 307, pl. 3, figs 1-5 (partim). — Geyer 2010: unnamed plate p. 84, fig. 7. — Heuse et al. 2010: fig. 4.16.
HOLOTYPE. — Specimen no. GSC No. 12053, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, by original designation, from the Manuels River Formation on the north shore of Highland Cove, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, Canada.
DIAGNOSIS. — Glabella expands anteriorly up to three times wider than posterior part; faint glabellar furrows; rounded, inflated fixigenae; rounded genal angle; punctuate exoskeleton.
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 14 cranidia of Acontheus inarmatus (for NFM numbers seeAppendix 1). All specimens range between 15.63 and 16.67 m (Fig. 2) of the Manuels River Formation, type locality, Conception Bay South, Newfoundland, Canada.
OCCURRENCE. — Acontheus inarmatus is a rare middle Cambrian taxon, reported from southeastern Canada, eastern Newfoundland, in the Paradoxides davidis Zone (Hutchinson 1962). It has further been documented from Germany (Sdzuy 2000).
DESCRIPTION
The cranidia range from 1.4 mm to 4.1 mm in width and from 1.3 mm to 3.9 mm in length. The cranidia are well-preserved as internal casts and moulds. The glabella is more domed than the cheeks and glabellar furrows are faintly preserved in two specimens (NFM F-3143 and NFM F-3659). The specimens have a smooth to slightly punctuate surface and none has the exoskeleton preserved.Two specimens bear an occipital node (NFM F-3211 and NFM F-3701) and three are pyritized.
REMARKS
Sdzuy (2000) introduced Acontheus inarmatus minutus based on a smoother exoskeleton than in Hutchinson’s (1962) specimens and a slightly differing occipital ring. Sdzuy (2000) acknowledged that these differences in eight cranidia and one pygidium, may have resulted from poor preservation of his specimens. We also refer to these differences as preservational and the result of intraspecific variation and assign Ac. inarmatus minutus as a synonym. The pygidium figured by Sdzuy (2000: pl. 3, fig. 6) does not match the characteristics of Acontheus and is here excluded from the genus. Geyer (2010) and Heuse et al. (2010) followed Sdzuy (2000) in applying the subspecies and illustrated both one of Sdzuy’s (2000) cranidia. The cranidia show the characteristics of Ac. inarmatus, so the specimens are here assigned to the species.
description: Published as part of Unger, Tanja, Hildenbrand, Anne, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang & Austermann, Gregor, 2022, Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 1051-1087 in Geodiversitas 44 (33) on page 1076, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a33, http://zenodo.org/record/7477657
Atrovirensis atrovirens Moore 1867
Creators: name: Han, H. L.
name: Pan, Z. H.
name: Kononenko, V. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Atrovirensis
Atrovirensis atrovirens

description: Atrovirensis atrovirens (Moore, 1867)
(Figs 1, 22, 36)
Hadena atrovirens Moore, 1867, Proceedings of Zoological Society of London, 1867:1867: 58. Syntypes: [India] [West Bengal], Darjeeling. [BMNH, London].
References. Hampson 1908: 147, pl. III: 16 (Trachea atrovirens); Warren in Seitz 1913: 140, pl. 17e (Euplexia atrovirens); Poole 1989: 1069 (Euplexia atrovirens); Hacker & Weigert 1990: 265, text fig. 27 (Gortyna sp.); Yoshimoto 1995: 66, pl. 113: 24, fig. 685 (Trachea atrovirens); 1998: 54; Krusek & Behounek 1996: Pl. 36:5 (Trachea atrovirens); Kononenko 2001: 301, figs 2, 3, 11, 12, 14 (Atrovirensis atrovirens); Gyulai et al. 2013: 124, Pl. 39: 1–4, genit. figs 1, 2 (Atrovirensis atrovirens).
Diagnosis. Adult (Fig. 1). Wingspan 32–35 mm. The species was characterised and illustrated in colour by Kononenko (2001) and by Gyulai et al. (2013). Male genitalia (Fig. 22). The main characteristic feature of A. atrovirens is the structure of vesica with short diverticula bearing knife-like cornutus on dorsal diverticulum and two tiny spines on medial diverticulum. Female genitalia (Fig. 36). Female differs by relatively large ovipositor, shallow slightly sclerotised antrum with microsetae inside and short, slightly sclerotised and ribbed ductus bursae with short sclerotised fold inside.
Distribution. North India, Nepal.
description: Published as part of Han, H. L., Pan, Z. H. & Kononenko, V. S., 2016, A review of the genus Atrovirensis Kononenko, 2001 with description of four new species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Xyleninae, Apameini), pp. 201-220 in Zootaxa 4088 (2) on page 203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/267005