Lutosa horribilis Heleodoro & Mendes, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino
name: Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Chorotypidae
Lutosa
Lutosa horribilis

description: Lutosa horribilis sp. nov.
(Figures 1–5)
Holotype: Ƌ Brasil, Espirito Santo, Linhares. Reserva Natural Vale, 17.vi.2015, coleta manual no solo, (Mendes, D.M.M. & Heleodoro, R.A. leg.)[19º8'23.66''S / 40º0’42''W].
Paratypes: (1Ƌ nymph, 1 ♀) same holotype.
Diagnosis. Frons, and labrum brown; clypeus yellow, apically convex (Figs. 1 C, 1E). Mandible black (Figs. 1 B, 1C, 1E). Fore tibia with 1 anterodorsally and 1 anteroventrally spine below inner tympanum; posteroventrally with 1 spine below outer tympanum (Figs. 1 F, G). Hind tibia dorsally with 12 unarticulated spines antero and posteriorly from basal fourth to base of apical fourth (Figs. 1 A–B); apically with 6 articulated spines, with the penultimate from anterior margin being the longest (Fig. 1 H). Male subgenital plate quadrangular, medioventrally curved from base to median region and apically straight in lateral view (Figs. 1 K–L). Female subgenital plate subtriangular, apically truncate (Fig. 3 D). Lutosa horribilis sp. nov. is easily distinguished from other species of the genus by having 12 unarticulated spines antero and posterodorsally, different from what happens in example of L. normalis (9–12 posteriorly, 10 anteriorly), L. anomala (9 anteriorly and 9–10 posteriorly), Lutosa surda Gorochov, 2001 (11 anteriorly and 9–11 posteriorly) and Lutosa obliqua Walker, 1869 (8 anteriorly and 8 posteriorly). However, other characters can be used to separate it from other species. Differs from Lutosa azteca (Saussure & Pictet, 1897), L. goeldianus and Lutosa marginalis Walker, 1869 by having the ovipositor posteriorly directed (dorsally directed in the three op. cit. species). From L. brasiliensis by having a black mandible (light brown in L. brasiliensis) and from L. imitata by the presence of one medial emargination at the apex of male subgenital plate (2 parallel emarginations at the apex of L. imitata). By having 6 spines anteroventrally at the fore tibia from L. cubaensis (Haan) and Lutosa inermis Salfi (both with 3 spines). Lastly, differs from Lutosa paranensis Rehn, 1911, by lacking brown spots and stripes at pronotum and abdomen (present in L. paranensis).
Description. Male. Head. Smooth, dorsoventrally elongated (Figs. 1 C, 1E). Fastigium of vertex oblong slightly flattened dorsally, as long as scapus, partially covering the fastigium of front (Figs. 1 A–D). Face wider than long, slightly concave medially (Fig. 1 C). Genal carina conspicuous (Fig. 1 C, 1E). Clypeus subtriangular, with lateral margin straight, apically convex (Fig. 1 C). Labrum yellow, subelipsoidal, dorsally flattened, symmetrical, with black spots apically (Fig. 1 C). Mandibles black, symmetrical (Fig. 1 B, 1C, 1E). Antenna filiform, at least 2.5 times longer than body, light brown, covered by bristles from base to apex, scape 1.5 times longer than pedicel (Figs. 1 B–E). Ocelli rounded, slightly compressed frontally; frontal ocellus conspicuous, light yellow, positioned medially and below antennal sockets; lateral ocelli dark yellow, positioned adjacent to fastigium of vertex and above antennal sockets (Fig. 1 C). Eyes globose, ellipsoidal, dark brown with black spots, approximately with half-length of gena (figs 1C–E).
Thorax. Pronotum dorsally elongate and wide; subdivisions of pro, meso and metazona not evident (Figs. 1 A, 1D–E). Lateral lobe of pronotum straight basally and apically arched and convex dorsally and ventrally (Figs. 1 B, 1E). Sternum smooth. Pro and mesosternum yellow, with black spots (Fig. 1 I). Metasternum dark brown, with metasternal lobe yellow (Fig. 1 I). Pro, meso and metasternal lobes triangular, acute and ventrally projected, covered by small bristles; mesosternal lobe longer than others (Fig. 1 I).
Legs. All femora without spines (Figs. 1 A–B). Fore femur anterodorsally with a sulcus at proximal half. Fore tibia with 1 anterodorsally and 1 anteroventrally spine below inner tympanum (Fig. 1 F); inner tympanum ovoid, opened (Fig. 1 F); posteroventrally with 1 spine below outer tympanum (Fig. 1 G); outer tympanum ellipsoid, opened (Fig. 1 G). Middle femur sameanterior femur. Middle tibia having 4 spines anterodorsally, being 1 at base, 2 closer at middle and 1 at apex; with 3 spines posterodorsally, being one at base, mid and apex; anteroventrally with 4 spines, being 2 at middle and 2 closer at apex; having 5 spines posterioventrally, being 1 at base, 2 at middle and 1 at apex. Hind femur broad at base, gradually narrowing from base of medial third to apex; dorsally with a conspicuous keel covered by small bristles; posterolaterally with 12 regular spaced parallel sulci (Fig. 1 B). Hind tibia dorsally with 12 unarticulated spines antero and posteriorly from basal fourth to base of apical fourth (Figs. 1 A–B); apically with 6 articulated spines, with the penultimate from anterior margin being the longest (Fig. 1 H); ventrally with a pair of spines at apex, near tarsus joint. All tarsi white.
Abdomen. Abdominal tergites smooth, gradually narrowing towards tergite 10 (Fig. 1 A). Paraproct ellipsoid, projected, directed posteriorly. Sternites 1–7 broader than long, rectangular, having similar length. Subgenital plate quadrangular, medioventrally curved from base to median region, emarginated medially at apex; stylus cylindrical, robust, laterally with an apical concavity (Figs. 1 J–L). Cercus elongated, acute, tapering towards apex, covered by bristles and with rugose surface (Figs. 1 J–L).
Genitalia Ƌ. With dorsal and ventral lobe membranous and with a well sclerotized titillator’s sclerite (Figs. 2 A–C). Dorsal lobe with several spines (Figs. 2 A, 2C). Titillator’s sclerite dorsally with two lateral flattened subtriangular sclerites (Fig. 2 A–C); ventrally forming 4 ellipsoid projections (Fig. 2 B). Titillator weakly sclerotized and partially membranous (Figs. 2 A–C).
Female. Similar to male, but slightly longer and robust (Figs. 3 A–B). Subgenital plate subtriangular, apically truncated (Fig. 3 D). Ovipositor posteriorly directed, slightly curved medially, point upwards apically; laterally yellow at base of basal third, light brown at medial and apical third (Fig. 3 E). Cerci longer than in male (Figs. 3 C, 3E).
Etymology. From Latin horribilis = horrible, and refers to the horrible smell that these insects have when are alive.
Measurements. TL: male 26,5–29,4 / female 30; WF: male 5,4–5,5 / female 5,9; PL: male 8,6–9,1 / female 10,9; PH: male 7,3–7,6 / female 7,8; FF: male 11,4–11,6 / female 11,7: FT: male 12,9–13 / female 13,3; MF: male 11,3–11,5 / female 11,7: MT: male 12,1–12,9 / female 13,5; HF: male 25,1–26,2 / female 27,5; HT: male 25,4–26,3 / female 28; Lplac: male 4,5–4,6 / female 3,3; LC: male 5,4–5,5 / female 6; OL: 4,7.
Distribution. Brazil: Espírito Santo.
Biological information. Besides the three specimens we collected and studied, we observed several individuals in field that were not collected because the area was a conservational unit of ombrofilous Atlantic Forest (Figs. 4 A–B). Most of the Anostostomatidae were found directly on ground or foraging on bushes of 1- meter high (in average) (Fig. 5 A). We found one specimen feeding on a dead stick insect (Phasmastodea: Pseudophasmatidae: Xerosomatinae) along with crickets and thus we hypothesize that these insects have a generalist diet and occasionally may feed on matter in decomposition (Fig. 5 B). Another observed trait from these Anostostomatidae specimens was the horrible smell the exude, which resembles the smell of sewers or the characteristic smell of the domestic cockroach Periplaneta americana Linneaus. This strong smell is probably used as a defense method, being triggered only when the insects are touched. The intensity of this smell is increased as much as the perturbation on the insect does. Along the smell, we also observed that a gooey-like substance was being released between the thoracic and abdominal tergites, turning the insect slippery.
description: Published as part of Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino & Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello, 2016, Description of a new species of Lutosa Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with biological and behavioral information, pp. 387-394 in Zootaxa 4189 (2) on pages 388-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/165964