cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of microtubule dynamics regulation by the MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION 1 protein
Creators: name: Kawamura, Eiko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The Arabidopsis thaliana MOR1 (MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION1) protein belongs to the MAP215/Dis1 family of microtubule-associated proteins. The temperature-sensitive mor1 mutants have N-terminal amino acid substitutions, which lead to cortical microtubule disorganization (Whittington et al., 2001). Here I demonstrate by use of live cell imaging and immunolabelling that MOR1 is important for function and organization of all microtubule arrays during cell division and keeps microtubules highly dynamic. Although disruption of mitotic and cytokinetic microtubule arrays is not detected in all dividing mor1-1 cells, quantitative analysis identified distinct defects in preprophase bands, spindles and phragmoplasts. In nearly half of dividing mor1-1 cells, preprophase bands are not detected, and those that do form are often disrupted. mor1-1 spindles and phragmoplasts are short and abnormally organized and persist for longer times than in wild-type, leading to aberrant chromosome arrangements, misaligned cell plates and multinucleate cells. Immunofluorescence indicates that the mutant mor1-1[sup L174F] protein remains associated along the full length of all microtubule arrays, in spite of their disorganization. This suggests the N-terminal region altered by the mor1-1 mutation does not regulate the binding of MOR1 to microtubules, but that it instead plays a role in microtubule dynamics. Microtubule dynamics were therefore measured in living leaf cells expressing three microtubule reporter proteins, GFP-TUA, CMV35S ::GFP-EB1 and Pro [sub EB1] ::EB1-GFP. Dynamics analysis indicates that MOR1 promotes constant and rapid growth and shrinkage and prevents pausing of microtubules. Integrating this new information with previous observations showing that MOR1 and its tobacco homologue MAP200 can bind tubulin oligomers (Twell et al., 2002; Hamada et al., 2004), and that XMAP215 speeds up microtubule growth and shrinkage in 40-60nm increments (Kerssemakers et al., 2006), I postulate that MOR1 might promote microtubule growth and shrinkage by adding and removing tubulin oligomers. Consistent with this idea, the N-terminal region of MOR1 consists of 5 TOG domains, which each span the approximate length of one tubulin dimer within a protofilament chain. I define experiments and present preliminary data to test the hypothesis that each MOR1 protein can add or remove up to 5 tubulin dimers at a time.
Relative periodic orbits in point vortex systems
Creators: name: Laurent-Polz, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58Z05; 70H14; 70H33

description: We give a method to determine relative periodic orbits in point vortex systems: it consists mainly into perform a symplectic reduction on a fixed point submanifold in order to obtain a two-dimensional reduced phase space. The method is applied to point vortices systems on a sphere and on the plane, but works for other surfaces with isotropy (cylinder, ellipsoid, ...). The method permits also to determine some relative equilibria and heteroclinic cycles connecting these relative equilibria.
description: 27 pages, 17 figures
Gedächtnis und Gewissen einer Stadt am Beispiel des Stadtplans Rundgang Jüdisches Freiburg
Creators: name: Schwendemann, Wilhelm
name: Pink, Ossi
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext
Year: 2021

description: Bernd Feininger (ehem. kath. Vorsitzender), Rivka Hollaender (jüd. Vorsitzende) und Wilhelm Schwendemann (evang. Vorsitzender und geschäftsführender Vorsitzender). Wer sich auf einen der beiden Rundgänge einlässt, dem ist ein besonderes Wahrnehmungserlebnis garantiert. Der Lernprozess bei den Beteiligten fing schon bei der Erstellung und Recherche der einzelnen Punkte an. Hier galt es zuerst Personen zu identifizieren, die mit einem spezifischen Ort in Freiburg zu tun hatten. Wichtige Namen wurden präsent und in der Recherche auch ihre Biografie, wie z. B. Robert Grumbach (Rechtsanwalt, Stadtrat, Ehrenbürger), Edmund Husserl, Elias Mayer (privates Bankhaus) oder auch markante Orte wie der Platz der Alten Synagoge oder die Neue Synagoge, Metzgerei, Gaststuben, Restaurants, Lebensmittelgeschäfte, zum Teil in historischen Gebäuden. Beim Rundgang ist das ästhetische Empfinden angeregt, Geschichte und Gegenwart werden auch im Verarbeiten der Informationen präsent. Die beiden Rundgänge lassen sich auch als unterrichtliche Exkursionen begehen. Hier hätten die Schüler_innen vor allem im Bereich der kognitiven, affektiven und personalen Kompetenzen Möglichkeit, selbsttätig zu lernen und sich in arbeitsteiligen Gruppenarbeiten gegenseitig zu fördern, sodass als Resultat der Begehung und ihrer Nacharbeit im Unterricht ein sehr buntes Bild der jüdischen Stadtgeschichte entsteht, was für die Schüler_innen den Effekt hätte, dass der Lernprozess mehr oder weniger selbst gesteuert sein könnte und so die Motivation fördert. Der Stadtplan Rundgang Jüdisches Freiburg kann bezogen werden bei • der Tourist-Information Freiburg, • in Freiburgs Buchhandlungen oder • direkt bei der Gesellschaft für Christlich- Jüdische Zusammenarbeit Freiburg gcjz-freiburg@web.de | Tel. 0761-34171 oder Postfach 312, 79003 Freiburg für € 2,– zzgl. Versandkosten.
description: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext, Nr. 01-02 (2017): Elie Wiesel. Seine Bedeutung für Juden, Christen und die ganze Menschheit
One step forward, two steps back: Why Artificial Intelligence is currently mainly predicting the past
Creators: name: Mosene, Katharina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is celebrated by many as a technology of the future; however, it predominantly looks to the past. This blog post explores why AI systems often reproduce old patterns instead of developing progressive solutions. What role do historical data play in the predictions and decisions made by AI? How do existing inequalities and the marginalisation of certain groups in our society get exacerbated by AI systems, and what does this mean for social justice?
Niemand darf wissen, dass du Jüdin bist. Das Jugendbuch Das Mädchen mit den drei Namen im Religionsunterricht
Creators: name: Münch-Wirtz, Julia
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext
Year: 2021

description: Ein jüdisches Sprichwort lautet: »Das Geheimnis der Versöhnung heißt Erinnerung.« Doch wie können die Erinnerungen an die Schrecken des Nationalsozialismus mit Schülerinnen und Schülern* im Religionsunterricht wachgehalten und eine Sensibilisierung für dieses Thema erreicht werden? Ein Beispiel, wie Religionslehrer_innen im Rahmen des Religionsunterrichts mit SuS der Sekundarstufe 1 über den Holocaust ins Gespräch kommen können, kann das Jugendbuch der israelischen Autorin Tami Shem-Tov Das Mädchen mit den drei Namen sein, das von dem jüdischen Mädchen Jaqueline und ihrer Familie erzählt. Nachdem der Vater in den besetzten Niederlanden seine Anstellung an der Universität Utrecht verloren hat und das alltägliche Leben der Familie sehr eingeschränkt ist, beschließen die Eltern, ihre vier Kinder in anderen Familien unterzubringen und sie so vor der nationalsozialistischen Gefahr zu schützen. Aus dem Mädchen Jaqueline wird Lieneke, das Zuflucht bei der Arztfamilie Kohly findet und nur über Briefe (in Form von kleinen Heftchen), die der Vater ihr heimlich schickt, Kontakt zu ihrer Familie hält. In diesen Zeiten der Verfolgung lebt Lieneke einerseits in einer liebevollen Ersatz-Familie und schöpft Hoffnung auf ein baldiges Wiedersehen mit ihrer Familie, andererseits ist die Angst vor Entdeckung stets präsent und die Sehnsucht nach ihrer Familie groß. Nach dem Krieg kommt es zu einem Wiedersehen mit dem Vater und den Geschwistern. Lienekes Mutter hat die Kriegsjahre aufgrund einer schweren Krankheit nicht überlebt. In dem Jugendbuch, das auf wahren Begebenheiten beruht, sind die Originalbriefe 3 von Lienekes Vater enthalten, die häufig in Gedichtform verfasst sind. Diese beinhalten u.a. alltägliche Geschichten und Geburtstagsbriefe, die vom Vater kunstvoll illustriert sind. Auf diese Weise soll die schmerzvolle Zeit der Trennung für das kleine Mädchen etwas erträglicher gemacht werden, die innige Vaterliebe zum Ausdruck kommen und der Tochter Halt geben. Die Briefe von Lienekes Vater, die nach dem Lesen aus Sicherheitsgründen von Dr. Kohly vernichtet werden sollten, sind vollständig erhalten und heute in dem israelischen Kindermuseum Yad LaYeled ausgestellt, da es Dr. Kohly nicht übers Herz brachte die Briefe zu vernichten. Stattdessen vergrub er diese im Garten und übergab sie Lieneke nach dem Ende des Krieges.
description: Zeitschrift für christlich-jüdische Begegnung im Kontext, Nr. 01-02 (2017): Elie Wiesel. Seine Bedeutung für Juden, Christen und die ganze Menschheit
Splitting electronic spins with a Kondo double dot device
Creators: name: Feinberg, Denis
name: Simon, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple device made of two small capacitively coupled quantum dots in parallel. This set-up can be used as an efficient "Stern-Gerlach" spin filter, able to simultaneously produce, from a normal metallic lead, two oppositely spin-polarized currents when submitted to a local magnetic field. Our proposal is based on the realization of a Kondo effect where spin and orbital degrees of freedom are entangled, allowing a spatial separation between the two spin polarized currents. In the low temperature Kondo regime, the efficiency is very high and the device conductance reaches the unitary limit, $\frac{e^2}{h}$ per spin branch.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Geometrical versus Topological Properties of Manifolds
Creators: name: Matheus, Carlos
name: Oliveira, Krerley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a compact $n$-dimensional immersed Riemannian manifold $M^n$ in some Euclidean space we prove that if the Hausdorff dimension of the singular set of the Gauss map is small, then $M^n$ is homeomorphic to the sphere $S^n$. Also, we define a concept of finite geometrical type and prove that finite geometrical type hypersurfaces with small set of points of zero Gauss-Kronecker curvature are topologically the sphere minus a finite number of points. A characterization of the $2n$-catenoid is obtained.
Thermal charge carrier driven noise in transmissive semiconductor optics
Creators: name: Bruns, F. F.
name: Vyatchanin, S. P.
name: Dickmann, J.
name: Glaser, R.
name: Heinert, D.
name: Nawrodt, R.
name: Kroker, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several sources of noise limit the sensitivity of current gravitational wave detectors. Currently, dominant noise sources include quantum noise and thermal Brownian noise, but future detectors will also be limited by other thermal noise channels. In this paper we study a thermal noise source which is caused by spatial charge carrier density variations in semiconductor materials. We provide an analytical model for the understanding of charge carrier fluctuations under the presence of screening effects and show that charge carrier noise will not be a limiting noise source for third generation gravitational wave detectors.
$(g-2)_μ$ Versus $K \to π+E_{miss}$ Induced by the $(B-L)_{23}$ Boson
Creators: name: Kang, Zhaofeng
name: Shigekami, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To address the long-standing $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly via a light boson, in Ref. [1] we proposed to extend the standard model (SM) by the local $(B-L)_{23}$, under which only the second and third generations of fermions are charged. It predicts an invisible $Z'$ with mass ${\cal O}(100)$ MeV, and moreover it has flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) couplings to the up-type quarks at tree level. Such a $Z'$, via $K_L \to π^0 + Z'(\to ν\barν)$ at loop level, may be a natural candidate to account for the recent KOTO anomaly. In this article, we investigate this possibility, to find that $Z'$ can readily do this job if it is no longer responsible for the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly. We further find that both anomalies can be explained with moderate tuning of the CP violation, but may contradict the $B$ meson decays.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, v3: text and Figs. 2, 4 are improved
The Hopf algebras of symmetric functions and quasisymmetric functions in non-commutative variables are free and cofree
Creators: name: Bergeron, Nantel
name: Zabrocki, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30 (primary) 05A18, 06A07 (secondary)

description: We uncover the structure of the space of symmetric functions in non-commutative variables by showing that the underlined Hopf algebra is both free and co-free. We also introduce the Hopf algebra of quasi-symmetric functions in non-commutative variables and define the product and coproduct on the monomial basis of this space and show that this Hopf algebra is free and cofree. In the process of looking for bases which generate the space we define orders on the set partitions and set compositions which allow us to define bases which have simple and natural rules for the product of basis elements.
description: 22 pages; 9 figures in eps form
Weakly nonlinear subcritical instability of visco-elastic Poiseuille flow
Creators: name: Meulenbroek, Bernard
name: Storm, Cornelis
name: Morozov, Alexander N.
name: van Saarloos, Wim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the Poiseuille flow of a visco-elastic polymer fluid between plates or through a tube is linearly stable in the zero Reynolds number limit, although the stability is weak for large Weissenberg numbers. In this paper we argue that recent experimental and theoretical work on the instability of visco-elastic fluids in Taylor-Couette cells and numerical work on channel flows suggest a scenario in which Poiseuille flow of visco-elastic polymer fluids exhibits a nonlinear "subcritical" instability due to normal stress effects, with a threshold which decreases for increasing Weissenberg number. This proposal is confirmed by an explicit weakly nonlinear stability analysis for Poiseuille flow of an UCM fluid. Our analysis yields explicit predictions for the critical amplitude of velocity perturbations beyond which the flow is nonlinearly unstable, and for the wavelength of the mode whose critical amplitude is smallest. The nonlinear instability sets in quite abruptly at Weissenberg numbers around 4 in the planar case and about 5.2 in the cylindrical case, so that for Weissenberg numbers somewhat larger than these values perturbations of the order of a few percent in the wall shear stress suffice to make the flow unstable. We have suggested elsewhere that this nonlinear instability could be an important intrinsic route to melt fracture and that preliminary experiments are both qualitatively and quantitatively in good agreement with these predictions.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in J. of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics
Dynamic model of fiber bundles
Creators: name: Choi, M. Y.
name: Choi, J.
name: Yoon, B. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A realistic continuous-time dynamics for fiber bundles is introduced and studied both analytically and numerically. The equation of motion reproduces known stationary-state results in the deterministic limit while the system under non-vanishing stress always breaks down in the presence of noise. Revealed in particular is the characteristic time evolution that the system tends to resist the stress for considerable time, followed by sudden complete rupture. The critical stress beyond which the complete rupture emerges is also obtained.
NON-TRADITIONAL FRUIT TREES FOR REFORESTATION
Creators: name: Barbeau, G.
name: Barbeau, G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: Fruit trees offer a practical possibility in a reforestation program. Reforestation with fruit trees may be. associated with other farming enterprises. In the Caribbean a few non-traditional fruit tree species could be used for reforestation. The ones herein described have been chosen for· their adaptability to local conditions, apparent resistance or tolerance to pests and diseases, rusticity in relation to the cultural practices and resistance of their fruits to transport. Nuts and non-perishable fruits are the most suitable.
On Quantum Corrections to Spinning Strings and Bethe Equations
Creators: name: Beisert, N.
name: Tseytlin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it was demonstrated that one-loop energy shifts of spinning superstrings on AdS5xS5 agree with certain Bethe equations for quantum strings at small effective coupling. However, the string result required artificial regularization by zeta-function. Here we show that this matching is indeed correct up to fourth order in effective coupling; beyond, we find new contributions at odd powers. We show that these are reproduced by quantum corrections within the Bethe ansatz. They might also identify the "three-loop discrepancy" between string and gauge theory as an order-of-limits effect.
description: 12 pages, v2, v3: minor corrections, footnotes and references added, v3: to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Equilibrium States for Random Non-uniformly Expanding Maps
Creators: name: Arbieto, Alexander
name: Matheus, Carlos
name: Oliveira, Krerley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that, for a robust ($C^2$-open) class of random non-uniformly expanding maps, there exists equilibrium states for a large class of potentials.In particular, these sytems have measures of maximal entropy. These results also give a partial answer to a question posed by Liu-Zhao. The proof of the main result uses an extension of techniques in recent works by Alves-Araújo, Alves-Bonatti-Viana and Oliveira.
title: Deciphering The Role of miR-506 in Ovarian Cancer Drug Sensitivity
Creators: name: Nicoletti, Roberta
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2018

description: Although the incidence is quite low, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy. The unfavourable prognosis and the high mortality rate associated with EOC are mainly owed to late diagnosis, frequent relapse and development of chemoresistance. Indeed, most of the patients who achieve a complete response to first-line platinum-based treatment eventually relapse often developing platinum-resistant disease. Due to their master regulatory role, miRNAs are considered powerful tools to obtain representative molecular portraits of specific tumour characteristics and behaviours. My laboratory performed microRNA expression profiles on advanced stage EOC patients and a cluster of miRNAs, including miR-506, located on ChrXq27.3 was identified as down-regulated in EOC early relapsing patients. Since I observed that expression of miR-506 was associated with EOC patients’ sensitivity to platinum treatment, the overall aim of this thesis was to better characterize the role of this miRNA in regulating response to chemotherapy. Among the miR-506 predicted targets, I identified several genes involved in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway, like RAD51, RAD17, CHEK1 and WEE1 and I concentrated on genes not previously studied in EOC. I validated RAD17 as a direct target of miR-506 and identified the miR-506-RAD17 axis as relevant in chemosensitising EOC cells to different treatments. I demonstrated that miR-506 expression, by targeting RAD17, was able to mediate sensitisation to platinum treatment and accordingly RAD17 silencing exerted the same effect. MiR-506 expression in EOC cells led to a reduced ability to properly sense DNA damage following platinum treatment causing mitotic defects, micronuclei formation, and impairing the signalling cascade responsible for G2/M checkpoint activation upon DNA damage insults. This behaviour, recapitulating a BRCAness phenotype, would allow propagation of cells with unrepaired DNA damage with the subsequent sensitisation to DNA damaging drugs. Furthermore, miR-506 expression, by regulating RAD17, impairs ATM signalling pathway, sensitising EOC cells to PARP inhibitor olaparib. Acting in the same way, miR-506 expression was synthetic lethal with Chk1 and Wee1 checkpoint kinases inhibitors in agreement with recent data reporting RAD17 depletion to be synthetically lethal with these small molecules. Accordingly, RAD17 down-modulation phenocopied the effect of miR-506 expression. Also combination treatments of Checkpoint kinases inhibitors with platinum resulted to be synergistic. Together the findings presented in this thesis support miR-506 as a key node in regulating DDR pathway in response to drug treatments and provide the rationale for its use to select EOC patients with BRCAness phenotype for efficient personalized therapeutic treatments.
Additional file 1 of Violence and aggression in psychiatric inpatient care in Sweden: a critical incident technique analysis of staff descriptions
Creators: name: Pelto-Piri, Veikko
name: Lars-Erik Warg
name: Kjellin, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Extended tables with quotes from the results section.
Additional file 1 of Measures for the integration of health and social care services for long-term health conditions: a systematic review of reviews
Creators: name: Kelly, Laura
name: Harlock, Jenny
name: Peters, Michele
name: Fitzpatrick, Ray
name: Crocker, Helen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Electronic searches.
Field induced single molecule magnet behavior in Dy-based coordination polymer
Creators: name: Singh, Suraj
name: Sheetal
name: Devi, Bandhana
name: Koner, R. R.
name: Haldar, Aditi
name: Yadav, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new mononuclear Dysprosium based Coordination Polymer {Dy-CP} was investigated magnetically using dc and ac magnetic susceptibility. The dc magnetic susceptibility does not exhibit any long-range ordering down to 1.8 K and the negative value of Curie Constant (~ - 4 K) indicate the dominance of antiferromagnetic interactions between the Dy (III) spins. Ac susceptibility exhibits absence of single molecular magnet behavior at zero dc magnetic field and shows signal of quantum tunneling magnetization (QTM) below 8 K. However, on the superimposition of dc magnetic field (3 kOe), frequency dependent relaxation peak emerged at T_f = 5 K and QTM signal suppress at higher fields. The intermediate value of Mydosh parameter calculated from the shift in peak position (T_f) in ac susceptibility reflects the formation of superparamagnetic state. Further, the temperature dependence of Tf is analyzed with Arrhenius and Cole-Cole plot. The magnetic susceptibility analysis yields characteristics pre-relaxation factor 1.40x10^(-12) sec and energy barrier ΔE/k_B = 93.4 K, indicating the slow spin relaxation. The Cole-Cole fit to the ac susceptibility data shows further evidence for the single ion spin relaxation. Thus, the magnetic measurements support the single-molecule magnet behavior in Dy-CP under the application of dc magnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Q^2 Evolution of the Neutron Spin Structure Moments using a He-3 Target
Creators: name: 010 Collaboration
name: Amarian, M.
name: Auerbach, L.
name: Averett, T.
name: Berthot, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the spin structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$ of $^3$He in a double-spin experiment by inclusively scattering polarized electrons at energies ranging from 0.862 to 5.07 GeV off a polarized $^3$He target at a 15.5$^{\circ}$ scattering angle. Excitation energies covered the resonance and the onset of the deep inelastic regions. We have determined for the first time the $Q^2$ evolution of $Γ_1(Q^2)=\int_0^{1} g_1(x,Q^2) dx$, $Γ_2(Q^2)=\int_0^1 g_2(x,Q^2) dx$ and $d_2 (Q^2) = \int_0^1 x^2[ 2g_1(x,Q^2) + 3g_2(x,Q^2)] dx$ for the neutron in the range 0.1 GeV$^2$ $\leq Q^2 \leq $ 0.9 GeV$^2$ with good precision. $ Γ_1(Q^2)$ displays a smooth variation from high to low $Q^2$. The Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule holds within uncertainties and $d_2$ is non-zero over the measured range.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.. Updated Hermes data in Fig. 2 (top panel) and their corresponding reference. Updated the low x extrapolation error Fig. 2 (middle panel). Corrected references to ChiPT calculations
N-N Interactions in the Extended Chiral SU(3) Quark Model
Creators: name: Dai, L. R.
name: Zhang, Z. Y.
name: Yu, Y. W.
name: Wang, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral SU(3) quark model is extended to include coupling between vector chiral field and quarks. By using this model, the phase shifts of NN scattering for different partial waves are studied. The results are very similar to those of the chiral SU(3) quark model calculation, in which one gluon exchange (OGE) plays dominate role in the short range part of the quark-quark interactions. Only in the $^1S_0$ case, the one channel phase shifts of the extended chiral SU(3) quark model are obviously improved.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Critical temperature for entanglement transition in Heisenberg models
Creators: name: Fu, Hongchen
name: Solomon, Allan I
name: Wang, Xiaoguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermal entanglement in some low-dimensional Heisenberg models. It is found that in each model there is a critical temperature above which thermal entanglement is absent.
Fermion self-energies and pole masses at two-loop order in a general renormalizable theory with massless gauge bosons
Creators: name: Martin, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present the two-loop self-energy functions and pole masses for fermions in an arbitrary renormalizable field theory, in the approximation that vector bosons are treated as massless. The calculations are done simultaneously in the mass-independent \bar{MS}, \bar{DR}, and \bar{DR}' renormalization schemes, with a general covariant gauge fixing, and treating Majorana and Dirac fermions in a unified way. As examples, I discuss the two-loop strong interaction corrections to the gluino, neutralino, chargino, and quark pole masses in minimal supersymmetry. All other two-loop contributions to the fermion pole masses in softly broken supersymmetry can also be obtained as special cases of the results given here, neglecting only the electroweak symmetry breaking scale compared to larger mass scales in two-loop diagrams that involve W or Z bosons.
description: 25 pages. v2: References added, figures 1-3 have enlarged arrows, special limits of equation (4.43) are now provided. A computer program implementing the two-loop gluino pole mass calculation is now available from http://zippy.physics.niu.edu/gluinopole/
An intratumoral controlled release formulation of clusterin antisense oligonucleotide and paclitaxel or docetaxel for treatment of prostate tumors
Creators: name: Springate, Christopher Michael Kevin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The localized controlled delivery of both phosphorothioated clusterin antisense oligonucleotide (clusterin ASO) and paclitaxel or docetaxel to prostate tumors to maintain therapeutic concentrations of the agents at the target disease site was investigated in this work. The primary objectives were to develop and characterize the physicochemical properties, drug release profiles and efficacy in prostate cancer models, of intratumoral, controlled release polymeric paste formulations of clusterin ASO and paclitaxel or docetaxel. A solvent loading process was used to complex polyanionic clusterin ASO with polycationic chitosan microparticles (microparticulate CC complexes). CC complexes were incorporated into an injectable, biodegradable paste based on a 40/60 blend of triblock copolymer poly(D,L-lactide-co-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-(D,L-lactide-cocaprolactone) and methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (CC paste). CC paste formed a semi-solid implant when injected into aqueous media or tissue. Physicochemical characterization of CC complexes showed that the amount of clusterin ASO complexed with chitosan was dependent on the ASO:chitosan ratio and the pH. In vitro release of ASO from CC paste in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C was assayed by HPLC and showed that the release of ASO was influenced by ASO:chitosan ratios, pH, phosphate ion concentration and the presence or absence of polymer paste. Increasing the amount of chitosan or decreasing the pH resulted in slower ASO release rates as a result of the increased number of positively charged amine groups within the chitosan available forcomplexation with ASO. In vitro release of clusterin ASO and its 20-, 19- and 18-mer degradation products from CC paste into human plasma at 37°C was assayed by capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). The data showed that degradation of 21-mer clusterin ASO occurred in the plasma and suggested that the polymer paste protected ASO from nuclease degradation. Treatment of mice bearing human prostate PC-3 or LNCaP tumors with an intratumoral injection of CC pastes loaded with clusterin ASO plus paclitaxel or docetaxel reduced mean tumor volumes and serum PSA levels by more than 50% and 70%, respectively. Complexation of clusterin ASO with chitosan and incorporation into polymeric paste with paclitaxel or docetaxel produced in vitro controlled release of the agents and in vivo efficacy over four weeks following a single intratumoral injection in solid human prostate tumors in mice.
title: Calculations of Mean Escape Depths of Photoelectrons in Elemental Solids Excited by Linearly Polarized X-rays for High-Energy Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Tanuma, Shigeo
name: YOSHIKAWA, Hideki
name: SHINOTSUKA, Hiroshi
name: Ueda, Ryuichi
Publisher: name: National Institute for Materials Science
Year: 2020
Subjects: asymmetry parameter
high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy
MED
mean escape depth
lnearly polarized X-rays

description: We have calculated mean escape depths (MEDs, D) of photoelectrons from Si, Cu, and Au excited by linearly polarized X-rays over the 50 to 10,000 eV energy range for high -energy photoelectron spectroscopy. These calculations were done with Monte Carlo methods using the values of electron inelastic mean free paths λ that were calculated by the relativistic full Penn algorithm and the Dirac-Hartree-Fock atomic potential for elastic scattering of electrons. In order to know the dependence of MED on the asymmetry parameter β and the emission angle θ, we calculated MEDs for β= -1 to β= 2 (by 0.5 steps) andθ=0° to θ=80° (with respect to the surface normal). The resulting MED values increase as the β values decrease over the 50 to 10,000 eV energy range. We also found that the values of D/λcosθ are approximately constant to within 10% for a given value of θ and for energies over 1000 eV (except for the condition of β=-1) over a range of emission angles (typically 0° - 40° or 60°). We also found that the energy dependence of the ratios D/λcosθ at emission angleθ=0° can be expressed by the Jablonski-Powell predictive equation over the 50 to 10,000 eV energy range. Finally, we have obtained a predictive MED equation that could be applied to the wide range of experimental conditions that are used in high-energy XPS with synchrotron radiation.
description: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Volume 190, Part B, 2013, Pages 127-136
New Modular Invariants in $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super-Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Chester, Shai M.
name: Green, Michael B.
name: Pufu, Silviu S.
name: Wang, Yifan
name: Wen, Congkao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study modular invariants arising in the four-point functions of the stress tensor multiplet operators of the ${\cal N} = 4$ $SU(N)$ super-Yang-Mills theory, in the limit where $N$ is taken to be large while the complexified Yang-Mills coupling $τ$ is held fixed. The specific four-point functions we consider are integrated correlators obtained by taking various combinations of four derivatives of the squashed sphere partition function of the ${\cal N} = 2^*$ theory with respect to the squashing parameter $b$ and mass parameter $m$, evaluated at the values $b=1$ and $m=0$ that correspond to the ${\cal N} = 4$ theory on a round sphere. At each order in the $1/N$ expansion, these fourth derivatives are modular invariant functions of $(τ, \bar τ)$. We present evidence that at half-integer orders in $1/N$, these modular invariants are linear combinations of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series, while at integer orders in $1/N$, they are certain "generalized Eisenstein series" which satisfy inhomogeneous Laplace eigenvalue equations on the hyperbolic plane. These results reproduce known features of the low-energy expansion of the four-graviton amplitude in type IIB superstring theory in ten-dimensional flat space and have interesting implications for the structure of the analogous expansion in $AdS_5\times S^5$.
description: 33 pages plus appendices, v2 accepted to JHEP
Coexistence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in the Anderson lattice
Creators: name: Sacramento, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in a generalized infinite-$U$ Anderson lattice, where both superconductivity and antiferromagnetic order are introduced phenomenologically in mean field theory. In a certain regime, a quantum phase transition is found which is characterized by an abrupt expulsion of magnetic order by d-wave superconductivity, as externally applied pressure increases. This transition takes place when the d-wave superconducting critical temperature, $T_c$, intercepts the magnetic critical temperature, $T_m$, under increasing pressure. Calculations of the quasiparticle bands and density of states in the ordered phases are presented. We calculate the optical conductivity $σ(ω)$ in the clean limit. It is shown that when the temperature drops below $T_m$ a double peak structure develops in $σ(ω)$.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
VirAAL: Virtual Adversarial Active Learning For NLU
Creators: name: Senay, Gregory
name: Idrissi, Badr Youbi
name: Haziza, Marine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents VirAAL, an Active Learning framework based on Adversarial Training. VirAAL aims to reduce the effort of annotation in Natural Language Understanding (NLU). VirAAL is based on Virtual Adversarial Training (VAT), a semi-supervised approach that regularizes the model through Local Distributional Smoothness. With that, adversarial perturbations are added to the inputs making the posterior distribution more consistent. Therefore, entropy-based Active Learning becomes robust by querying more informative samples without requiring additional components. The first set of experiments studies the impact of an adapted VAT for joint-NLU tasks within low labeled data regimes. The second set shows the effect of VirAAL in an Active Learning (AL) process. Results demonstrate that VAT is robust even on multi-task training, where the adversarial noise is computed from multiple loss functions. Substantial improvements are observed with entropy-based AL with VirAAL for querying data to annotate. VirAAL is an inexpensive method in terms of AL computation with a positive impact on data sampling. Furthermore, VirAAL decreases annotations in AL up to 80% and shows improvements over existing data augmentation methods. The code is publicly available.
description: To appear in Proc. IEEE SLT 2021, January 19-22, 2021, Shenzhen, China
title: Mining Scholarly Publications for Research Evaluation
Creators: name: Herrmannova, Drahomira
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2018

description: Scientific research can lead to breakthroughs that revolutionise society by solving long-standing problems. However, investment of public funds into research requires the ability to clearly demonstrate beneficial returns, accountability, and good management. At the same time, with the amount of scholarly literature rapidly expanding, recognising key research that presents the most important contributions to science is becoming increasingly difficult and time-consuming. This creates a need for effective and appropriate research evaluation methods. However, the question of how to evaluate the quality of research outcomes is very difficult to answer and despite decades of research, there is still no standard solution to this problem. Given this growing need for research evaluation, it is increasingly important to understand how research should be evaluated, and whether the existing methods meet this need. However, the current solutions, which are predominantly based on counting the number of interactions in the scholarly communication network, are insufficient for a number of reasons. In particular, they struggle in capturing many aspects of the academic culture and often significantly lag behind current developments. This work focuses on the evaluation of research publications and aims at creating new methods which utilise publication content. It studies the concept of research publication quality, methods assessing the performance of new research publication evaluation methods, analyses and extends the existing methods, and, most importantly, presents a new class of metrics which are based on publication manuscripts. By bridging the fields of research evaluation and text- and data-mining, this work provides tools for analysing the outcomes of research, and for relieving information overload in scholarly publishing.
Subfactors and planar algebras
Creators: name: Bisch, Dietmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L37, 46L60, 82B20, 81T05

description: An inclusion of II$_1$ factors $N \subset M$ with finite Jones index gives rise to a powerful set of invariants that can be approached successfully in a number of different ways. We describe Jones' pictorial description of the standard invariant of a subfactor as a so-called planar algebra and show how this point of view leads to new structure results for subfactors.
Temperature at Horizon in de Sitter Spacetime
Creators: name: Guo, Han-Ying
name: Huang, Chao-Guang
name: Zhou, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is found that there is no period in the imaginary Beltrami-time of the de Sitter spacetime with Beltrami metric and that the `surface-gravity' in view of inertial observers in de Sitter spacetime is zero! They show that the horizon might be at zero temperature in de Sitter spacetime and that the thermal property of the horizon in the de Sitter spacetime with a static metric should be analogous to that of the Rindler horizon in Minkowski spacetime.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Pressure balance in the multiphase ISM of cosmologically simulated disk galaxies
Creators: name: Gurvich, Alexander B.
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
name: Richings, Alexander J.
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Grudić, Michael Y.
name: Hafen, Zachary
name: Wellons, Sarah
name: Stern, Jonathan
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Chan, T. K.
name: Orr, Matthew E.
name: Kereš, Dušan
name: Wetzel, Andrew
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Loebman, Sarah R.
name: Murray, Norman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pressure balance plays a central role in models of the interstellar medium (ISM), but whether and how pressure balance is realized in a realistic multiphase ISM is not yet well understood. We address this question using a set of FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations of Milky Way-mass disk galaxies, in which a multiphase ISM is self-consistently shaped by gravity, cooling, and stellar feedback. We analyze how gravity determines the vertical pressure profile as well as how the total ISM pressure is partitioned between different phases and components (thermal, dispersion/turbulence, and bulk flows). We show that, on average and consistent with previous more idealized simulations, the total ISM pressure balances the weight of the overlying gas. Deviations from vertical pressure balance increase with increasing galactocentric radius and with decreasing averaging scale. The different phases are in rough total pressure equilibrium with one another, but with large deviations from thermal pressure equilibrium owing to kinetic support in the cold and warm phases, which dominate the total pressure near the midplane. Bulk flows (e.g., inflows and fountains) are important at a few disk scale heights, while thermal pressure from hot gas dominates at larger heights. Overall, the total midplane pressure is well-predicted by the weight of the disk gas, and we show that it also scales linearly with the star formation rate surface density (Sigma_SFR). These results support the notion that the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation arises because Sigma_SFR and the gas surface density (Sigma_g) are connected via the ISM midplane pressure.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Minority Games with heterogeneous timescales
Creators: name: Mosetti, Giancarlo
name: Challet, Damien
name: Zhang, Yi-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minority games where groups of agents remember, react or incorporate information with different timescales are investigated. We study how their respective gains depend on their timescales for standard models and games with no public information, and support our findings by analytical arguments whenever possible.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
A Systematic Review of Decision-making Theories used in Decision Support Systems Research
Creators: name: Haadi Mombini
name: Tulu, Bengisu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80609 Information Systems Management
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Full reference list for complete research in progress submitted to AMCIS conference 2020.
MIGNEX Background Paper D6.1: The multi-level determination of migration processes
Creators: name: Carling, Jørgen
name: Caso, Nicolás
name: Hagen-Zanker, Jessica
name: Rubio, Marcela
Publisher: name: Peace Research Institute Oslo
Year: 2023

description: We examine what drives migration aspirations, encouragement of other people’s migration, and migration preparations. The answers lie partly in characteristics of the local area and partly in individual traits and experiences. Based on a new definition, we specifically examine the role of so-called ‘root causes’ of migration.

 

Key Takeaways

Drivers of migration are highly context specific. The same factors that increase migration aspirations in some areas can lower them in others.

Limited livelihood opportunities, perceptions of poor governance, and high levels of corruption are the root causes that most clearly affect migration aspirations.

Migration aspirations tend to be higher among wealthier people. But regardless of wealth, being dissatisfied with life tends to spur a wish to leave.
General formulation of cosmological perturbations in scalar-tensor dark energy coupled to dark matter
Creators: name: Kase, Ryotaro
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a scalar field $ϕ$ coupled to cold dark matter (CDM), we provide a general framework for studying the background and perturbation dynamics on the isotropic cosmological background. The dark energy sector is described by a Horndeski Lagrangian with the speed of gravitational waves equivalent to that of light, whereas CDM is dealt as a perfect fluid characterized by the number density $n_c$ and four-velocity $u_c^μ$. For a very general interacting Lagrangian $f(n_c, ϕ, X, Z)$, where $f$ depends on $n_c$, $ϕ$, $X=-\partial^μ ϕ\partial_μ ϕ/2$, and $Z=u_c^μ \partial_μ ϕ$, we derive the full linear perturbation equations of motion without fixing any gauge conditions. To realize a vanishing CDM sound speed for the successful structure formation, the interacting function needs to be of the form $f=-f_1(ϕ, X, Z)n_c+f_2(ϕ, X, Z)$. Employing a quasi-static approximation for the modes deep inside the sound horizon, we obtain analytic formulas for the effective gravitational couplings of CDM and baryon density perturbations as well as gravitational and weak lensing potentials. We apply our general formulas to several interacting theories and show that, in many cases, the CDM gravitational coupling around the quasi de-Sitter background can be smaller than the Newton constant $G$ due to a momentum transfer induced by the $Z$-dependence in $f_2$.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure, published version