cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tunneling Spectroscopy of Atomically-Thin Al2O3 Films for Tunnel Junctions
Creators: name: Wilt, Jamie
name: Gong, Youpin
name: Gong, Ming
name: Su, Feifan
name: Xu, Huikai
name: Sakidja, Ridwan
name: Elliot, Alan
name: Lu, Rongtao
name: Zhao, Shiping
name: Han, Siyuan
name: Wu, Judy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metal-Insulator-Metal tunnel junctions (MIMTJ) are common throughout the microelectronics industry. The industry standard AlOx tunnel barrier, formed through oxygen diffusion into an Al wetting layer, is plagued by internal defects and pinholes which prevent the realization of atomically-thin barriers demanded for enhanced quantum coherence. In this work, we employed in situ scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) along with molecular dynamics simulations to understand and control the growth of atomically thin Al2O3 tunnel barriers using atomic layer deposition (ALD). We found that a carefully tuned initial H2O pulse hydroxylated the Al surface and enabled the creation of an atomically-thin Al2O3 tunnel barrier with a high quality M-I interface and a significantly enhanced barrier height compared to thermal AlOx. These properties, corroborated by fabricated Josephson Junctions, show that ALD Al2O3 is a dense, leak-free tunnel barrier with a low defect density which can be a key component for the next-generation of MIMTJs.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Kinematics of Dusty Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Bassett, Robert
name: Bekki, K.
name: Cortese, L.
name: Couch, W. J.
name: Sansom, A. E.
name: van de Sande, J.
name: Bryant, J. J.
name: Foster, C.
name: Croom, S. M.
name: Brough, S.
name: Sweet, S. M.
name: Medling, A. M.
name: Owers, M. S.
name: Driver, S. P.
name: Davies, L. J. M.
name: Wong, O. I.
name: Groves, B. A.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Richards, S. N.
name: Goodwin, M.
name: Konstantopoulos, I. S.
name: Lawrence, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, large samples of visually classified early-type galaxies (ETGs) containing dust have been identified using space-based infrared observations with the Herschel Space Telescope. The presence of large quantities of dust in massive ETGs is peculiar as X-ray halos of these galaxies are expected to destroy dust in 10 Myr (or less). This has sparked a debate regarding the origin of the dust: is it internally produced by asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, or is it accreted externally through mergers? We examine the 2D stellar and ionised gas kinematics of dusty ETGs using IFS observations from the SAMI galaxy survey, and integrated star-formation rates, stellar masses, and dust masses from the GAMA survey. Only 8% (4/49) of visually-classified ETGs are kinematically consistent with being dispersion-supported systems. These "dispersion-dominated galaxies" exhibit discrepancies between stellar and ionised gas kinematics, either offsets in the kinematic position angle or large differences in the rotational velocity, and are outliers in star-formation rate at a fixed dust mass compared to normal star-forming galaxies. These properties are suggestive of recent merger activity. The remaining 90% of dusty ETGs have low velocity dispersions and/or large circular velocities, typical of "rotation-dominated galaxies". These results, along with the general evidence of published works on X-ray emission in ETGs, suggest that they are unlikely to host hot, X-ray gas consistent with their low stellar mass when compared to dispersion-dominated galaxies. This means dust will be long lived and thus these galaxies do not require external scenarios for the origin of their dust content.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Presentation: The Effect of Providing Biochar with Immersion Method on Sheep Urine on Sand Planting Media of Pakcoy Plants
Creators: name: Susila Herlambang
name: Gomareuzzaman, Muammar
name: Danang Yudhiantoro
name: Indriana Lestari
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This material has presented on 1st International Conference on Advance Research in Agriculture and Food. October 25, 2022
I-factorial quantum torsors and Heisenberg algebras of quantized universal enveloping type
Creators: name: De Commer, Kenny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a notion of I-factorial quantum torsor, which consists of an integrable ergodic action of a locally compact quantum group on a type I-factor such that also the crossed product is a type I-factor. We show that any such I-factorial quantum torsor is at the same time a I-factorial quantum torsor for the dual locally compact quantum group, in such a way that the construction is involutive. As a motivating example, we show that quantized compact semisimple Lie groups, when amplified via a crossed product construction with the function algebra on the associated weight lattice, admit I-factorial quantum torsors, and give an explicit realization of the dual quantum torsor in terms of a deformed Heisenberg algebra for the Borel part of a quantized universal enveloping algebra.
description: 75 pages; the first four sections have appeared in the preprint arXiv:1612.00640, which will however not be published as such
The Formation of S0 Galaxies with Counter-Rotating Neutral and Molecular Hydrogen
Creators: name: Bassett, Robert
name: Bekki, Kenji
name: Cortese, Luca
name: Couch, Warrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of counter rotation in galaxies (i.e. gas that rotates in the opposite direction to the stellar component or two co-spatial stellar populations with opposite rotation) is becoming more commonplace with modern integral field spectroscopic surveys. In this paper we explore the emergence of counter-rotation (both stellar and gaseous) in S0 galaxies from smoothed-particle hydrodynamics simulations of 1/10 mass ratio minor mergers between a 10^10.8 solar mass disk galaxy with a bulge-to-total ration of 0.17 and a gas rich companion (gas-to-stellar mass fraction of 5.0). These simulations include a self-consistent treatment of gas dynamics, star formation, the production/destruction of H2 and dust, and the time evolution of the interstellar radiation field. We explore the effect of retrograde versus prograde obits, gas and bulge mass fractions of the primary galaxy, and orbital parameters of the companion. The key requirement for producing counter rotation in stars or gas in a merger remnant is a retrograde primary, while the relative spin of the companion affects only the radial extent of the accreted gas. We also find that including a significant amount of gas in the primary can prevent the emergence of counter-rotating gas, although accreted stars retain counter-rotation. Bulge mass and orbit have a secondary effect, generally influencing the final distribution of accreted stars and gas within the framework outlined above. In addition to our primary focus of counter-rotating components in galaxies, we also make some predictions regarding the SFRs, H2 distributions, and dust in minor merger remnants.
description: 16 pages, 11 figues, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
DeepNAT: Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Segmenting Neuroanatomy
Creators: name: Wachinger, Christian
name: Reuter, Martin
name: Klein, Tassilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce DeepNAT, a 3D Deep convolutional neural network for the automatic segmentation of NeuroAnaTomy in T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. DeepNAT is an end-to-end learning-based approach to brain segmentation that jointly learns an abstract feature representation and a multi-class classification. We propose a 3D patch-based approach, where we do not only predict the center voxel of the patch but also neighbors, which is formulated as multi-task learning. To address a class imbalance problem, we arrange two networks hierarchically, where the first one separates foreground from background, and the second one identifies 25 brain structures on the foreground. Since patches lack spatial context, we augment them with coordinates. To this end, we introduce a novel intrinsic parameterization of the brain volume, formed by eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. As network architecture, we use three convolutional layers with pooling, batch normalization, and non-linearities, followed by fully connected layers with dropout. The final segmentation is inferred from the probabilistic output of the network with a 3D fully connected conditional random field, which ensures label agreement between close voxels. The roughly 2.7 million parameters in the network are learned with stochastic gradient descent. Our results show that DeepNAT compares favorably to state-of-the-art methods. Finally, the purely learning-based method may have a high potential for the adaptation to young, old, or diseased brains by fine-tuning the pre-trained network with a small training sample on the target application, where the availability of larger datasets with manual annotations may boost the overall segmentation accuracy in the future.
description: Accepted for publication in NeuroImage, special issue "Brain Segmentation and Parcellation", 2017
Examining Opportunities for U.S. Agricultural Exports to Colombia
Creators: name: Zahniser, Steven
name: Gomez, Miguel
name: Puerto, Sergio
name: Li, Jie
name: Zahniser, Steven
name: Gomez, Miguel
name: Puerto, Sergio
name: Li, Jie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Financial Economics
International Development
International Relations/Trade
Land Economics/Use
Production Economics
Productivity Analysis
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Over the past decade, Colombia has distinguished itself as a fast-growing market for U.S. agricultural products. Between 2009–11 and 2018–20, the 3-year, annual average of U.S. agricultural exports to Colombia grew at a compound annual rate of 13.1 percent (not adjusted for inflation), compared with 2.0 percent for U.S. agricultural exports to all other countries, according to U.S. trade statistics collected by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, and compiled by USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service in its Global Agricultural Trade System.
title: The Normative Structures Guiding Surfers' Perceptions About the Environment: An Exploratory Analysis of Environmental Behavior and Environmental Concern
Creators: name: Toussaint, Jeffrey G.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2002

description: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship among surfers and their behaviors and concerns towards the environment. The sample included 94 respondents to a survey posted through the Eastern Surf Association (ESA) website. This study proposed that respondents who reported that surfing was their primary outdoor recreational activity would have more environmental behavior and environmental concern than respondents who did not have surfing as their primary outdoor recreational activity. Demographic and other causal factors, were used to assess the effects on the level of a surfer's environmental behavior and concern. From these hypotheses, several other relationships are discussed.
Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes
Creators: name: Lee, Alpha A.
name: Perez-Martinez, Carla
name: Smith, Alexander M.
name: Perkin, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Screening of a surface charge by electrolyte and the resulting interaction energy between charged objects is of fundamental importance in scenarios from bio-molecular interactions to energy storage. The conventional wisdom is that the interaction energy decays exponentially with object separation and the decay length is a decreasing function of ion concentration; the interaction is thus negligible in a concentrated electrolyte. Contrary to this conventional wisdom, we have shown by surface force measurements that the decay length is an increasing function of ion concentration and Bjerrum length for concentrated electrolytes. In this paper we report surface force measurements to test directly the scaling of the screening length with Bjerrum length. Furthermore, we identify a relationship between the concentration dependence of this screening length and empirical measurements of activity coefficient and differential capacitance. The dependence of the screening length on the ion concentration and the Bjerrum length can be explained by a simple scaling conjecture based on the physical intuition that solvent molecules, rather than ions, are charge carriers in a concentrated electrolyte.
description: Accepted as a conference paper for "Chemical Physics of Electroactive Materials: Faraday Discussion" (10-12 April 2017, Cambridge, UK)
Living Arrangements, Family Structure and Social Change of Caribbeans in Britain, 1995-1998
Transnational Families
Creators: name: Goulbourne, H.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This is a qualitative data collection. This project reviewed relevant British and Caribbean literature, established a quantitative profile of the size, structure and social and geographic mobility of families and households, and conducted trans-generational life-story interviews of a quota sample of 60 families (originating in Jamaica, Barbados and Trinidad/Tobago) in Britain and the Caribbean. The findings of this research are intended to make a major contribution to contemporary understanding of Caribbean living arrangements (family, kinship, social networks) in Britain, to the post-imperial multi-cultural society, and to the two way dynamic of family/household relations between Britain and the Caribbean. This has policy implications for Britain, with regard to social security support for single parents, education policy, care for the elderly, and employment strategies. In the Caribbean, problems of, and opportunities for, return migrants are of relevance to Caribbean policy makers.
Sub-Contracting Risk: Neoliberal Policy Agendas and the Changing Nature of Flood Risk Management, 2009-2010
Creators: name: Coulthard, T.
name: Haughton, G.
name: Bankoff, G.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This is a qualitative data collection. This research asked whether the emergence of neoliberal thinking might help explain the contemporary policy approaches to flood risk management. Whilst it may be tempting, to ask how neoliberal policy might affect this sector, the research soon discovered that its influences were pervasive, evident in the privatisation and the contracting out of water and sewerage functions, the re-working of regulatory expertise and changes to local government services.

 One key outcome of these processes has been a shift away from retaining local knowledge and the build-up of local expertise in favour of alternative forms of management procedures, contracting in technical expertise to achieve flexibility and cost effectiveness. The research revealed conflicting views about whether flood risk knowledge was improving - whilst improvements were clear at the catchment level, the evidence is more mixed at the local level.

 The other major finding of the research was the level of "uncertainty about uncertainty", in particular in terms of how experts communicated ideas about flood risk through maps and standards such as protecting against 1:100 year flood risk. Adding further complexity was uncertainty around climate change and how this was shaping policy to protect against future flood risk. Digging deeper, it became clear that some protection standards were based on historical professional precedent and only selectively reviewed. With the rise of surface water flooding incidents, where design standards are to protect against 1:30 year events, it may be time to reconsider the current standards.
Stochastic Ratcheting on a Funneled Energy Landscape is Necessary for Highly Efficient Contractility of Actomyosin Force Dipoles
Creators: name: Komianos, James E.
name: Papoian, Garegin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Current understanding of how contractility emerges in disordered actomyosin networks of non-muscle cells is still largely based on the intuition derived from earlier works on muscle contractility. This view, however, largely overlooks the free energy gain following passive cross-linker binding, which, even in the absence of active fluctuations, provides a thermodynamic drive towards highly overlapping filamentous states. In this work, we shed light on this phenomenon, showing that passive cross-linkers, when considered in the context of two anti-parallel filaments, generate noticeable contractile forces. However, as binding free energy of cross-linkers is increased, a sharp onset of kinetic arrest follows, greatly diminishing effectiveness of this contractility mechanism, allowing the network to contract only with weakly resisting tensions at its boundary. We have carried out stochastic simulations elucidating this mechanism, followed by a mean-field treatment that predicts how contractile forces asymptotically scale at small and large binding energies, respectively. Furthermore, when considering an active contractile filament pair, based on non-muscle myosin II, we found that the non-processive nature of these motors leads to highly inefficient force generation, due to recoil slippage of the overlap during periods when the motor is dissociated. However, we discovered that passive cross-linkers can serve as a structural ratchet during these unbound motor time spans, resulting in vast force amplification. Our results shed light on the non-equilibrium effects of transiently binding proteins in biological active matter, as observed in the non-muscle actin cytoskeleton, showing that highly efficient contractile force dipoles result from synergy of passive cross-linker and active motor dynamics, via a ratcheting mechanism on a funneled energy landscape.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Children, Flood and Urban Resilience, 2007-2010
Understanding Experience and Agency in the Flood Recovery Process
Creators: name: Medd, W.
name: Walker, M.
name: Burningham, K.
name: Whittle, R.
name: Moran-Ellis, J.
name: Tapsell, S. M.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2019

description: This is a qualitative data collection. The aim of the project was to undertake a participatory research programme to identify key issues in children and young people’s experiences and agency in relation to flooding and the flood recovery process, and to assess the lessons for policy worlds. One of the objectives of the study was to contribute to the archive being generated by the adult Hull Flood study to enable future research. The project design used participatory techniques to ensure the research was carried out ‘with’, rather than ‘on’, the children taking part. The methodology that was employed built on the growing body of work that uses interactive mixed-method research to generate rich data about issues in children’s own lives. The intention was not only to develop greater understanding of children’s perspectives on floods and flood recovery but, in the process, to explore with flood-affected children the best ways (for them) of recording and reflecting upon their experiences. In total 46 flood-affected children took part in the project; some of the children were flooded at school but not at home and others were flooded both at school and at home. We worked in two schools that were badly affected by the floods; both schools were evacuated on the day and then closed for strip-out and refurbishment. The school children totalled 42, comprising 25 pupils from the primary school and 17 pupils from the secondary school. The research project used storyboards (where participants drew pictures or used creative writing to tell their stories), followed-up by short one-to-one interviews and group discussions with the school children. The project also conducted telephone interviews with four flood-affected young people, accessed through the youth team in Hull. Finally, the project worked with 18 adults, involving interviews with key service providers and front line workers, together with stakeholder engagement through a project steering group.
Suppression of maximal linear gluon polarization in angular asymmetries
Creators: name: Boer, Daniel
name: Mulders, Piet J.
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Zhou, Ya-jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a phenomenological analysis of the $\cos 2 ϕ$ azimuthal asymmetry in virtual photon plus jet production induced by the linear polarization of gluons in unpolarized $pA$ collisions. Although the linearly polarized gluon distribution becomes maximal at small $x$, TMD evolutionleads to a Sudakov suppression of the asymmetry with increasing invariant mass of the $γ^*$-jet pair. Employing a small-$x$ model input distribution, the asymmetry is found to be strongly suppressed under TMD evolution, but still remains sufficiently large to be measurable in the typical kinematical region accessible at RHIC or LHC at moderate photon virtuality, whereas it is expected to be negligible in $Z/W$-jet pair production at LHC. We point out the optimal kinematics for RHIC and LHC studies, in order to expedite the first experimental studies of the linearly polarized gluon distribution through this process. We further argue that this is a particularly clean process to test the $k_t$-resummation formalism in the small-$x$ regime.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Advances in Confidence distribution (CD): multivariate exact inference based on estimating equations and inference on model confidence set
Creators: name: Sun, Xinyu
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Although the field of statistics has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, several fundamental statistical problems still remain unsolved, especially in the tasks of drawing valid inferences in the settings: i) with limited data set, and ii) in discrete model space. In this dissertation, we develop new methodologies to solve two specific research problems in these two areas. The first research problem is on making an exact statistical inference based on estimating equations under minimal model assumptions and with a finite sample size. Specifically, we develop a new statistical approach and Monte-Carlo algorithms to obtain simultaneous exact inference on multivariate parameters in a broad range of scenarios of real applications, including a number of complex quantile regression and rank regression settings. The key tool underlying our approach is the so-called “exact depth Confidence Distribution” (ed-CD). The ed-CD inherits the desirable nonparametric properties from data depth and is derived directly from multivariate estimating equations. Our approach is broadly applicable and particularly useful in finite sample settings where the underlying distribution of the estimating equations is asymmetric (e.g., non-normal distribution) and complex (e.g., non-smooth or non-differential), and/or the confidence region is of a non-standard form (e.g., non-ellipsoid). This development is shown to be valid and efficient both theoretically and empirically in simulation studies and real data examples. The second research problem is on constructing a confidence set of models to quantify the uncertainty of a model selection when the underlying model is unknown. The common approach in the literature is to select a single model from a set of candidate models, and then estimations and predictions are performed without accounting for the uncertainty incurred in the model selection phase. Consequently, the variability tends to be underestimated, which yields overly optimistic confidence and predictive intervals (or regions). To address the issue of model selection uncertainty, we propose a new approach to constructing a model confidence set for the unknown true model with a guaranteed coverage probability. In the case that the true model is not inside the candidate models set M, this approach yields a model confidence set for the candidate model that is the “closest” to the true model. Our approach is developed under the classical linear regression setting where M is discrete and fixed beforehand. There is no specific requirement on the M in general, and the models in M are not necessarily nested or linearly ordered. The development is shown to be valid and asymptotically efficient. Its performance is further demonstrated numerically in several simulated studies and a real data application.
Belonging: Mass Observation Project Correspondents' Writings, 2010
Belonging
Creators: name: Mass-Observation
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2019

description: This study is available via the UK Data Service Qualibank, an online tool for browsing, searching and citing the content of selected qualitative data collections held at the UK Data Service.

 This research results from the work of the social research organisation, Mass-Observation, founded in 1937 to create an 'anthropology of ourselves'. Material was collected from a team of observers and a panel of volunteer writers who aimed to study the everyday lives of ordinary people in Britain. This directive was carried out in June-July 2010 and with the aim of exploring experiences of belonging in relation to a variety of things, including individual people, a group or a community of people, a place, a culture or a nation. The directive also asked about less happy experiences of not belonging, such as feeling `not at home' or labelled 'an outsider'.
Discovery of Galactic OIV and OV X-ray absorption due to transition temperature gas in the PKS 2155-304 spectrum
Creators: name: Nevalainen, J.
name: Wakker, B.
name: Kaastra, J.
name: Bonamente, M.
name: Snowden, S.
name: Paerels, F.
name: de Vries, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FUV observations have revealed the transition temperature gas (TTG; $\log{T({\mathrm{K}})}$ ~ 5), located in the lower Galactic halo and in the High Velocity Clouds. However, the corresponding X-ray absorption has so far remained mostly undetected. In order to make an improvement in this respect in Galactic X-ray absorption studies, we accumulated very deep (~3 Ms) spectra of the blazar PKS 2155-304 obtained with the spectrometers RGS1, RGS2, LETG/HRC and LETG/ACIS-S and studied the absorption lines due to the intervening Galactic components. The very high quality of the data and the coverage of important wavelengths with at least two independent instruments allowed us to reliably detect ten Galactic lines with better than 99.95% confidence. We discovered significant absorption from blended OIV transitions 1s-2p $^2$S (22.571 Å), 1s-2p $^2$P (22.741 Å) and 1s-2p $^2$D (22.777 Å), and from the OV transition 1s-2p (22.370 Å) from TTG at $\log{T({\mathrm{K}})} \thinspace = \thinspace 5.2\pm0.1$. A joint X-ray and FUV analysis indicated that photoionisation is negligible for this component and that the gas is in a cooling transition phase. However, the temperature is high enough that the column density ratio N(OIV)/N(OV) is not significantly different from that in collisional ionisation equilibrium (CIE). Under CIE we obtained $N_{\mathrm{OIV}}$= 3.6$\pm$2.0 $\times 10^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$, corresponding to $N_{\mathrm{H}}$ = 1.0$\pm$0.5 $\times 10^{19} \frac{Z_{\odot}}{Z_{\mathrm{TTG}}}$ cm$^{-2}$.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Experimental metrology to obtain thermal phonon transmission coefficients at solid interfaces
Creators: name: Hua, Chengyun
name: Chen, Xiangwen
name: Ravichandran, Navaneetha K.
name: Minnich, Austin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interfaces play an essential role in phonon-mediated heat conduction in solids, impacting applications ranging from thermoelectric waste heat recovery to heat dissipation in electronics. From the microscopic perspective, interfacial phonon transport is described by transmission coefficients that link vibrational modes in the materials composing the interface. However, direct experimental determination of these coefficients is challenging because most experiments provide a mode-averaged interface conductance that obscures the microscopic detail. Here, we report a metrology to extract thermal phonon transmission coefficients at solid interfaces using ab-initio phonon transport modeling and a thermal characterization technique, time-domain thermoreflectance. In combination with transmission electron microscopy characterization of the interface, our approach allows us to link the atomic structure of an interface to the spectral content of the heat crossing it. Our work provides a useful perspective on the microscopic processes governing interfacial heat conduction.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1509.07806
Cycling Cultures in a Mass Motorised Society, 2012
Creators: name: Aldred, R.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This is a qualitative data collection. Currently the UK faces major policy challenges including climate change, economic crisis, and the rise in limiting, costly illnesses linked to low levels of physical activity. Transport contributes to these problems, and active transport - walking and cycling - could be part of the solution; green, cheap, and offering an obvious way for many people to get the daily exercise they need. However, more evidence is needed about how active transport levels could be increased.

 This project focused on cycling, studying four relatively high-cycling English urban areas and trying to find out why cycling thrives in these areas. In these areas, it is likely that many residents who cycle regularly would not do so if they lived elsewhere in the UK. Their experiences are important for understanding processes through which cycling becomes "normal".

 The four chosen areas - Cambridge, Hackney, Hull, and Bristol - have different social, spatial, and political characteristics. The project used qualitative methods to analyse components of different cycling cultures, including how inclusive they are of different social groups. It investigated how people think about and practise cycling within each locality, exploring how cycling provides particular ways of experiencing the four places.

 Central to the project was a series of approximately 162 (including pilot) interviews with cyclists and cycling stakeholders in the four areas. These were complemented by ethnographic methods (including participant and non-participant observation), documentary analysis, visual methods including the production of artwork, and the creation of a dedicated website containing a series of project blogs: www.cyclingcultures.org.uk/
The Evolutionary Status of WN3/O3 Wolf-Rayet Stars
Creators: name: Neugent, Kathryn F.
name: Massey, Phil
name: Hillier, D. John
name: Morrell, Nidia I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of a multi-year survey for Wolf-Rayet stars in the Magellanic Clouds, we have discovered a new type of Wolf-Rayet star with both strong emission and absorption. While one might initially classify these stars as WN3+O3V binaries based on their spectra, such a pairing is unlikely given their faint visual magnitudes. Spectral modeling suggests effective temperatures and bolometric luminosities similar to those of other early-type LMC WNs but with mass-loss rates that are three to five times lower than expected. They additionally retain a significant amount of hydrogen, with nitrogen at its CNO-equilibrium value (10x enhanced). Their evolutionary status remains an open question. Here we discuss why these stars did not evolve through quasi-homogeneous evolution. Instead we suggest that based on a link with long-duration gamma ray bursts, they may form in lower metallicity environments. A new survey in M33, which has a large metallicity gradient, is underway.
description: The lives and death-throes of massive stars; Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 329, 2017; J.J. Eldridge, editor
Sperm-hybrid micromotor for drug delivery in the female reproductive tract
Creators: name: Xu, Haifeng
name: Sanchez, Mariana Medina
name: Magdanz, Veronika
name: Schwarz, Lukas
name: Hebenstreit, Franziska
name: Schmidt, Oliver G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A sperm-driven micromotor is presented as cargo-delivery system for the treatment of gynecological cancers. This particular hybrid micromotor is appealing to treat diseases in the female reproductive tract, the physiological environment that sperm cells are naturally adapted to swim in. Here, the single sperm cell serves as an active drug carrier and as driving force, taking advantage of its swimming capability, while a laser-printed microstructure coated with a nanometric layer of iron is used to guide and release the sperm in the desired area by an external magnet and structurally imposed mechanical actuation, respectively. The printed tubular microstructure features four arms which release the drug-loaded sperm cell in situ when they bend upon pushing against a tumor spheroid, resulting in the drug delivery, which occurs when the sperm squeezes through the cancer cells and fuses with cell membrane. Sperms also offer higher drug encapsulation capability and carrying stability compared to other nano and microcarriers, minimizing toxic effects and unwanted drug accumulation. Moreover, sperms neither express pathogenic proteins nor proliferate to form undesirable colonies, unlike other cells or microorganisms do, making this bio-hybrid system a unique and biocompatible cargo delivery platform for various biomedical applications, especially in gynecological healthcare.
Understanding Society, Wave 3, 2011-2012: Teaching Dataset
Creators: name: University Of Essex, Institute For Social
name: University Of Manchester, Cathie Marsh Centre For Census
Publisher: name: University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research
Year: 2014

description: The Understanding Society, Wave 3, 2011-2012: Teaching Dataset is a cut-down version of the full Understanding Society Wave 3 data. Understanding Society, or the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), began in 2009 and is a multi-topic household survey, the purpose of which is to understand social and economic change in Britain at the household and individual levels. This teaching dataset is designed to be used in teaching quantitative social sciences and for student reports. It consists of a selection of variables from the Wave 3 individual questionnaire, with added household-level variables and is designed for individual level analyses.
Fates of the dense cores formed by fragmentation of filaments: do they fragment again or not?
Creators: name: Sugimura, Kazuyuki
name: Mizuno, Yurina
name: Matsumoto, Tomoaki
name: Omukai, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fragmentation of filaments into dense cores is thought to be an important step in forming stars. The bar-mode instability of spherically collapsing cores found in previous linear analysis invokes a possibility of re-fragmentation of the cores due to their ellipsoidal (prolate or oblate) deformation. To investigate this possibility, here we perform three-dimensional self-gravitational hydrodynamics simulations that follow all the way from filament fragmentation to subsequent core collapse. We assume the gas is polytropic with index γ, which determines the stability of the bar-mode. For the case that the fragmentation of isolated hydrostatic filaments is triggered by the most unstable fragmentation mode, we find the bar mode grows as collapse proceeds if γ< 1.1, in agreement with the linear analysis. However, it takes more than ten orders-of-magnitude increase in the central density for the distortion to become non-linear. In addition to this fiducial case, we also study non-fiducial ones such as the fragmentation is triggered by a fragmentation mode with a longer wavelength and it occurs during radial collapse of filaments and find the distortion rapidly grows. In most of astrophysical applications, the effective polytropic index of collapsing gas exceeds 1.1 before ten orders-of-magnitude increase in the central density. Thus, supposing the fiducial case of filament fragmentation, re-fragmentation of dense cores would not be likely and their final mass would be determined when the filaments fragment.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, submitted to MNRAS
Mutual Information based labelling and comparing clusters
Creators: name: Koopman, Rob
name: Wang, Shenghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: After a clustering solution is generated automatically, labelling these clusters becomes important to help understanding the results. In this paper, we propose to use a Mutual Information based method to label clusters of journal articles. Topical terms which have the highest Normalised Mutual Information (NMI) with a certain cluster are selected to be the labels of the cluster. Discussion of the labelling technique with a domain expert was used as a check that the labels are discriminating not only lexical-wise but also semantically. Based on a common set of topical terms, we also propose to generate lexical fingerprints as a representation of individual clusters. Eventually, we visualise and compare these fingerprints of different clusters from either one clustering solution or different ones.
description: Special Issue of Scientometrics: Same data - different results? Towards a comparative approach to the identification of thematic structures in science
Microscopic derivation of the hydrodynamics of active-Brownian-particle suspensions
Creators: name: Steffenoni, Stefano
name: Falasco, Gianmaria
name: Kroy, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the hydrodynamic equations of motion for a fluid of active particles described by under- damped Langevin equations that reduce to the Active-Brownian-Particle model, in the overdamped limit. The contraction into the hydrodynamic description is performed by locally averaging the par- ticle dynamics with the non-equilibrium many-particle probability density, whose formal expression is found in the physically relevant limit of high-friction through a multiple-time-scale analysis. This approach permits to identify the conditions under which self-propulsion can be subsumed into the fluid stress tensor and thus to define systematically and unambiguously the local pressure of the active fluid.
Border Discourse. Changing Nations, changing Identities, changing Stories in Polish and German Border Communities, 1998-2001
Creators: name: Galasinski, D.
name: Meinhof, F.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This is a qualitative data collection. The project targeted three-generation families living in corresponding sets of geographically contiguous border communities on the border between the EU and some of its Eastern and Southern neighbours, in the case of this dataset on the border between the German town of Guben and the Polish town of Gubin. The communities on which the research focussed on have undergone major socio-political, highly conflictual changes during the lifetimes of all but their youngest citizens. Today they are associated at the public level with the aims of creating a socially inclusive, tolerant, cohesive and economically prosperous united Europe.
 The research proposed to gain comparative and in-depth insights into the nature of potentially conflicting identities which people from different nations, ethnicities, generations and genders construct and negotiate in relation and possibly in contrast and opposition to the official spheres of politics, and to recommend policies that would further social cohesion between such communities at local, national and in particular at the European level.
Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, Electric Vehicles Module, February 2014 and February 2015
Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, 2008-
ONS Omnibus Surveys; OPN
Creators: name: Office For National Statistics, Social Survey Division
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2015

description: The Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, formerly known as ONS Opinions Survey or Omnibus, is a regular, multi-purpose survey which was carried out in eight months of the year from 1990 until April 2005, when it began to run monthly. Following the 'Fit for Future' consultation carried out by ONS at the beginning of 2014, the decision was taken to revert to running the survey in eight months of the year only; therefore from April 2014 the survey does not run in March, June, September or December. The study was originally set up to meet the needs of government departments for a survey that used short and simple sets of questions, had greater statistical reliability than private sector omnibus surveys and a properly designed random sample. Now, however, an increasing number of academics are finding it a valuable research tool.

 The Opinions and Lifestyle Survey is used for a number of purposes, for example:
to provide quick answers to questions of immediate interest
to provide information on topics that do not require a full survey
to develop and pilot questions for other surveys
to sift for subgroups that can be followed up in another survey From April 2012 the ONS Opinions Survey changed its name to the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey following the merger of the non-EU-SILC questions from the General Lifestyle Survey.

 Secure Access Opinions and Lifestyle Survey data
 Some Opinions modules, covering disability, general lifestyle, religion, non-resident parental contact, contact after separation, cervical cancer screening, contraception, illness and activity limitation, are only available under Secure Access conditions. See Opinions and Lifestyle Survey: Secure Access for details.
Out-of-time-order correlators in finite open systems
Creators: name: Syzranov, S. V.
name: Gorshkov, A. V.
name: Galitski, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study out-of-time order correlators (OTOCs) of the form $\langle\hat A(t)\hat B(0)\hat C(t)\hat D(0)\rangle$ for a quantum system weakly coupled to a dissipative environment. Such an open system may serve as a model of, e.g., a small region in a disordered interacting medium coupled to the rest of this medium considered as an environment. We demonstrate that for a system with discrete energy levels the OTOC saturates exponentially $\propto \sum a_i e^{-t/τ_i}+const$ to a constant value at $t\rightarrow\infty$, in contrast with quantum-chaotic systems which exhibit exponential growth of OTOCs. Focussing on the case of a two-level system, we calculate microscopically the decay times $τ_i$ and the value of the saturation constant. Because some OTOCs are immune to dephasing processes and some are not, such correlators may decay on two sets of parametrically different time scales related to inelastic transitions between the system levels and to pure dephasing processes, respectively. In the case of a classical environment, the evolution of the OTOC can be mapped onto the evolution of the density matrix of two systems coupled to the same dissipative environment.
description: 4.3 pages, 3 figures + 4 pages of Supplemental Material
Rural Family Living Charts (1950)
Creators: name: Bureau Of Human Nutrition And Home Economics
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1949
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Charts on: Population -- Income – Prices -- Family Spending -- Food -- Housing -- Education
description: Prepared for 1950 Outlook Conference.
Electrostatic and induction effects in the solubility of water in alkanes
Creators: name: Asthagiri, D.
name: Parambathu, A. Valiya
name: Ballal, Deepti
name: Chapman, Walter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments show that at 298~K and 1 atm pressure the transfer free energy, $μ^{\rm ex}$, of water from its vapor to liquid normal alkanes $C_nH_{2n+2}$ ($n=5\ldots12$) is negative. Earlier it was found that with the united-atom TraPPe model for alkanes and the SPC/E model for water, one had to artificially enhance the attractive alkane-water cross interaction to capture this behavior. Here we revisit the calculation of $μ^{\rm ex}$ using the polarizable AMOEBA and the non-polarizable Charmm General (CGenFF) forcefields. We test both the AMOEBA03 and AMOEBA14 water models; the former has been validated with the AMOEBA alkane model while the latter is a revision of AMOEBA03 to better describe liquid water. We calculate $μ^{\rm ex}$ using the test particle method. With CGenFF, $μ^{\rm ex}$ is positive and the error relative to experiments is about 1.5 $k_{\rm B}T$. With AMOEBA, $μ^{\rm ex}$ is negative and deviations relative to experiments are between 0.25 $k_{\rm B}T$ (AMOEBA14) and 0.5 $k_{\rm B}T$ (AMOEBA03). Quantum chemical calculations in a continuum solvent suggest that zero point effects may account for some of the deviation. Forcefield limitations notwithstanding, electrostatic and induction effects, commonly ignored in considerations of water-alkane interactions, appear to be decisive in the solubility of water in alkanes.
description: Fixed several small typos throughout the document. Added a discussion on coarse-graining, including new figure 5. This version is being submitted to JCP