cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Indirect Self-Modulation Instability Measurement Concept for the AWAKE Proton Beam
Creators: name: Turner, M.
name: Petrenko, A.
name: Biskup, B.
name: Burger, S.
name: Gschwendtner, E.
name: Lotov, K. V.
name: Mazzoni, S.
name: Vincke, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AWAKE, the Advanced Proton-Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment, is a proof-of-principle R&D experiment at CERN using a 400 GeV/c proton beam from the CERN SPS (longitudinal beam size sigma_z = 12 cm) which will be sent into a 10 m long plasma section with a nominal density of approx. 7x10^14 atoms/cm3 (plasma wavelength lambda_p = 1.2mm). In this paper we show that by measuring the time integrated transverse profile of the proton bunch at two locations downstream of the AWAKE plasma, information about the occurrence of the self-modulation instability (SMI) can be inferred. In particular we show that measuring defocused protons with an angle of 1 mrad corresponds to having electric fields in the order of GV/m and fully developed self-modulation of the proton bunch. Additionally, by measuring the defocused beam edge of the self-modulated bunch, information about the growth rate of the instability can be extracted. If hosing instability occurs, it could be detected by measuring a non-uniform defocused beam shape with changing radius. Using a 1 mm thick Chromox scintillation screen for imaging of the self-modulated proton bunch, an edge resolution of 0.6 mm and hence a SMI saturation point resolution of 1.2 m can be achieved.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, EAAC conference proceedings
Additional file 1 of Environmental contamination with feces of free-roaming dogs and the risk of transmission of Echinococcus and Taenia species in urban regions of southeastern Iran
Creators: name: Shamsaddini, Saeedeh
name: Schneider, Carina
name: Dumendiak, Sonja
name: Aghassi, Hossein
name: Kamyabi, Hossein
name: Akhlaghi, Elham
name: Wassermann, Marion
name: Fasihi Harandi, Majid
name: Deplazes, Peter
name: Romig, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File1 Figure S1. Images demonstrating the situation facilitating the urban transmission of cystic echinococcosis in Kerman, Iran. a. Livestock husbandry on the outskirts of the city. b. Free-roaming dogs within the city. c and d. An unregistered abattoir near the city with free-roaming dogs waiting outside for food
title: A practical case based review of LIRADS
Creators: name: BOLAÑO VEGA, MARIA INMACULADA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Screening
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To conciselly review the imaging criteria for each one of the categories proposed in the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (LIRADS). 2. To describe major and ancillary imaging features that favours diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma...
Safe Robot Learning in Assistive Devices through Neural Network Repair
Creators: name: Majd, Keyvan
name: Clark, Geoffrey
name: Khandait, Tanmay
name: Zhou, Siyu
name: Sankaranarayanan, Sriram
name: Fainekos, Georgios
name: Amor, Heni Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assistive robotic devices are a particularly promising field of application for neural networks (NN) due to the need for personalization and hard-to-model human-machine interaction dynamics. However, NN based estimators and controllers may produce potentially unsafe outputs over previously unseen data points. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for updating NN control policies to satisfy a given set of formal safety constraints, while also optimizing the original loss function. Given a set of mixed-integer linear constraints, we define the NN repair problem as a Mixed Integer Quadratic Program (MIQP). In extensive experiments, we demonstrate the efficacy of our repair method in generating safe policies for a lower-leg prosthesis.
title: PET / CT in cutaneous melanoma. Staging, treatment control and prognostic factors
Creators: name: Aguirre, Javiera
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metastases
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: PET-CT
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Oncology
subject: Nuclear medicine

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Melanoma is a malignant tumor arising from melanocytes which are cells derived from the neural crest, who migrate during embryonic development and are located in the basal layer of the epidermis. They represent 4 % of malignant skin tumors being...
Climate change impact assessment for individual developments: evaluating transportation's contribution
Creators: name: Brubaker, Jeffery S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Recent research suggests that global climate change impacts may be more serious than predicted even two years ago. The transportation sector is a major contributor of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and the context, design, and operation of urban developments influence the extent of their transportation-related climate change impacts. Impact assessment is a formal environmental policy tool that has only recently expanded to climate change, most notably under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). This paper suggests a conceptual framework for setting a significance threshold for climate change impacts from individual developments, discussing challenges and measurement techniques. It reports the findings of a policy review of California regulations, plans, and CEQA environmental impact reports (EIRs) that address climate change. It supplements the review with notes from interviews with California officials and planners involved in climate change policy. A hypothetical application of the significance framework estimates that development-influenced vehicle travel contributes to about 3.4% of total U.S. GHGs. It is possible for developments to avoid a significant contribution to climate change through location, design, and travel demand management strategies that have been shown to reduce emissions. Climate change impact assessment is valuable for individual developments, but, given the nature of climate change, is best conducted at the regional or programmatic level. This accords with the current regionalization of climate change planning in California. The most effective approach for individual developments is a hybrid approach that combines emissions scenario modeling with a qualitative discussion of mitigation measures and climate-friendly project characteristics.
Influence of the aspect ratio and boundary conditions on universal finite size scaling functions in the athermal metastable 2d Random Field Ising Model
Creators: name: Navas-Portella, Víctor
name: Vives, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work studies universal finite size scaling functions for the number of 1d spanning avalanches in a two-dimensional disordered system with boundary conditions of different nature and different aspect ratios. For this purpose, we consider the 2d Random Field Ising Model at T = 0 driven by the external field H with athermal dynamics implemented with periodic and forced boundary conditions. We choose a convenient scaling variable z that accounts for the deformation of the distance to the critical point caused by the aspect ratio. Moreover, assuming that the dependence of the finite size scaling functions on the aspect ratio can be accounted by an additional multiplicative factor, we have been able to collapse data for different system sizes, different aspect ratios and different nature of the boundary conditions into a single scaling function Q.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Supernovae and their host galaxies - III. The impact of bars and bulges on the radial distribution of supernovae in disc galaxies
Creators: name: Hakobyan, A. A.
name: Karapetyan, A. G.
name: Barkhudaryan, L. V.
name: Mamon, G. A.
name: Kunth, D.
name: Petrosian, A. R.
name: Adibekyan, V.
name: Aramyan, L. S.
name: Turatto, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the impact of bars and bulges on the radial distributions of the different types of supernovae (SNe) in the stellar discs of host galaxies with various morphologies. We use a well-defined sample of 500 nearby (< 100 Mpc) SNe and their low-inclined (i < 60 deg) and morphologically non-disturbed S0-Sm host galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that in Sa-Sm galaxies, all core-collapse (CC) and vast majority of SNe Ia belong to the disc, rather than the bulge component. The radial distribution of SNe Ia in S0-S0/a galaxies is inconsistent with their distribution in Sa-Sm hosts, which is probably due to the contribution of the outer bulge SNe Ia in S0-S0/a galaxies. In Sa-Sbc galaxies, the radial distribution of CC SNe in barred hosts is inconsistent with that in unbarred ones, while the distributions of SNe Ia are not significantly different. At the same time, the radial distributions of both types of SNe in Sc-Sm galaxies are not affected by bars. We propose that the additional mechanism shaping the distributions of Type Ia and CC SNe can be explained within the framework of substantial suppression of massive star formation in the radial range swept by strong bars, particularly in early-type spirals. The radial distribution of CC SNe in unbarred Sa-Sbc galaxies is more centrally peaked and inconsistent with that in unbarred Sc-Sm hosts, while the distribution of SNe Ia in unbarred galaxies is not affected by host morphology. These results can be explained by the distinct distributions of massive stars in the discs of early- and late-type spirals.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, 7 tables, online data
Retroactively Prospective Clinical Trial Registration: A Review of Clinical Trial Registration Changes
Creators: name: Carlisle, Benjamin
name: Holst, Martin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Bioethics and Medical Ethics

description: Prospective registration of clinical trials is a methodological, legal and moral imperative. In 2005, the ICMJE implemented a requirement that all clinical trials be registered before the first patient is enrolled. The Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 Sec. 801 requires that certain clinical trials be registered not later than 21 days after the first patient is enrolled. The CONSORT Explanation and Elaboration documentation in 2010 also mention prospective registration of a clinical trial before the first patient is enrolled. The Declaration of Helsinki places no restriction on what type of human research should be prospectively registered, and allows no grace period for registration after the trial has begun recruiting patients, stating, “Every research study involving human subjects must be registered in a publicly accessible database before recruitment of the first subject.” ClinicalTrials.gov allows investigators to update the start date for their trial at any time. This does not remove the original trial registry entry version, which can be found by visiting the historical changes page for the trial in question, however this information is not accessible through most tools provided for downloading ClinicalTrials.gov records for analysis. In the following, we will investigate and describe changes to historical versions clinical trial registry entries for a one-year cohort of ClinicalTrials.gov records, and determine the frequency with which registry records start dates are changed in a manner that would obscure the fact that they were originally registered retrospectively.
title: Efficacy of multiple b-value DWI analysis to detect changes in cervical cancer of uterine while charged particle radiation therapy.
Creators: name: Tachibana, Yasuhiko
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Oncology
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of multiple b-value diffusion weighted image (DWI) to observe the changes in cancer tissue during charged particle radiation therapy. Background An early and reliable indicator of therapeutic response would be of value in...
All possible permutational symmetries of a quantum system
Creators: name: Arnaud, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the intermediate permutational symmetries of a system of qubits, that lie in between the perfect symmetric and antisymmetric cases. We prove that, on average, pure states of qubits picked at random with respect to the uniform measure on the unit sphere of the Hilbert space are almost as antisymmetric as they are allowed to be. We then observe that multipartite entanglement, measured by the generalized Meyer- Wallach measure, tends to be larger in subspaces that are more antisymmetric than the complete symmetric one. Eventually, we prove that all states contained in the most antisymmetric subspace are relevant multipartite entangled states in the sense that their 1-qubit reduced states are all maximally mixed.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 2 of Climate influences the gut eukaryome of wild rodents in the Great Rift Valley of Jordan
Creators: name: Khadem, Sanaz
name: Berry, David
name: Al-khlifeh, Enas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 2.
Strong tW Scattering at the LHC
Creators: name: Dror, Jeff Asaf
name: Farina, Marco
name: Salvioni, Ennio
name: Serra, Javi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deviations of the top electroweak couplings from their Standard Model values imply that certain amplitudes for the scattering of third generation fermions and longitudinally polarized vector bosons or Higgses diverge quadratically with momenta. This high-energy growth is a genuine signal of models where the top quark is strongly coupled to the sector responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking. We propose to profit from the high energies accessible at the LHC to enhance the sensitivity to non-standard top-$Z$ couplings, which are currently very weakly constrained. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, we perform a detailed analysis of $tW \to tW$ scattering, which can be probed at the LHC via $pp\to t\bar{t}Wj$. By recasting a CMS analysis at 8 TeV, we derive the strongest direct bounds to date on the $Ztt$ couplings. We also design a dedicated search at 13 TeV that exploits the distinctive features of the $t\bar{t}Wj$ signal. Finally, we present other scattering processes in the same class that could provide further tests of the top-Higgs sector.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures; v2: minor improvements in the discussion, references added. Matches version published in JHEP
title: Fetal dose from 3D conformal radiotherapy for common malignant diseases presented during pregnancy
Creators: name: Damilakis, John
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Foetus
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetry
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Oncology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The purpose of the present study was to estimate the fetal dose resulting from radiotherapy for common malignancies presented during...
Evaluating England's Teenage Pregnancy Strategy using Interrupted Time Series and Synthetic Control methods
Creators: name: Baxter, Andrew
name: Popham, Frank
name: Dundas, Ruth
name: Craig, Peter
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health Education and Promotion
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Community Health and Preventive Medicine
subject: Natural Experiments
subject: Policy Evaluation
subject: Public Health
subject: Teenage Pregnancy

description: Evaluating the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy using natural experiments. Interrupted time series methods were used to compare England with other UK countries, and synthetic control methods were used to compare with a wider pool of high-income countries.
A radio jet from the optical and x-ray bright stellar tidal disruption flare ASASSN-14li
Creators: name: van Velzen, Sjoert
name: Anderson, Gemma E.
name: Stone, Nicholas C.
name: Fraser, Morgan
name: Wevers, Thomas
name: Metzger, Brian D.
name: Jonker, Peter G.
name: van der Horst, Alexander J.
name: Staley, Tim D.
name: Mendez, Alexander J.
name: Miller-Jones, James C. A.
name: Hodgkin, Simon T.
name: Campbell, Heather C.
name: Fender, Rob P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole leads to a short-lived thermal flare. Despite extensive searches, radio follow-up observations of known thermal stellar tidal disruption flares (TDFs) have not yet produced a conclusive detection. We present a detection of variable radio emission from a thermal TDF, which we interpret as originating from a newly-launched jet. The multi-wavelength properties of the source present a natural analogy with accretion state changes of stellar mass black holes, suggesting all TDFs could be accompanied by a jet. In the rest frame of the TDF, our radio observations are an order of magnitude more sensitive than nearly all previous upper limits, explaining how these jets, if common, could thus far have escaped detection.
Mining the contribution of intensive care clinical course to outcome after traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Bhattacharyay, Shubhayu
name: Caruso, Pier Francesco
name: Åkerlund, Cecilia
name: Wilson, Lindsay
name: Stevens, Robert D
name: Menon, David K
name: Steyerberg, Ewout W
name: Nelson, David W
name: Ercole, Ari
name: investigators/participants, the CENTER-TBI
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Existing methods to characterise the evolving condition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) do not capture the context necessary for individualising treatment. Here, we integrate all heterogenous data stored in medical records (1,166 pre-ICU and ICU variables) to model the individualised contribution of clinical course to six-month functional outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOSE). On a prospective cohort (n=1,550, 65 centres) of TBI patients, we train recurrent neural network models to map a token-embedded time series representation of all variables (including missing values) to an ordinal GOSE prognosis every two hours. The full range of variables explains up to 52% (95% CI: 50%-54%) of the ordinal variance in functional outcome. Up to 91% (95% CI: 90%-91%) of this explanation is derived from pre-ICU and admission information (i.e., static variables). Information collected in the ICU (i.e., dynamic variables) increases explanation (by up to 5% [95% CI: 4%-6%]), though not enough to counter poorer overall performance in longer-stay (>5.75 days) patients. Highest-contributing variables include physician-based prognoses, CT features, and markers of neurological function. Whilst static information currently accounts for the majority of functional outcome explanation after TBI, data-driven analysis highlights investigative avenues to improve dynamic characterisation of longer-stay patients. Moreover, our modelling strategy proves useful for converting large patient records into interpretable time series with missing data integration and minimal processing.
‘I wouldn’t know what to do with the breasts’: the impact of patient gender on medical student confidence and comfort in clinical skills
Creators: name: Politis, Marina
name: Brown, Megan El
name: Huser, Camille AM
name: Crawford, Lynsay
name: Pope, Lindsey
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Previous research has found a relationship between students’ gender and attitudes surrounding peer physical examination, but relationship between patient gender and confidence/comfort is less clear. We explored whether patient gender affects medical students’ levels of confidence and comfort in clinical examination skills. An electronic survey and focus groups were conducted with medical students from one UK institution. Students reported levels of confidence/comfort when carrying out clinical examinations on men/women. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. Of a total of 1500 students provided with the opportunity to participate, ninety (6%) responded. For cardiovascular and respiratory examinations, confidence/comfort were higher when examining male-presenting patients. The opposite was true for mental state examinations. Barriers to confidence/comfort included perceiving males as a norm, difficulty navigating breasts, tutors’ internalised gendered attitudes and a wider sociocultural issue. Facilitators of confidence/comfort included students relating to patients, embodying a professional role, gender blindness, and authentic clinical environments. Fewer than 20% (n = 18) of students felt they had enough opportunity to practice clinical skills on women, versus 90% (n = 82) on men. Our study identified an area where students’ confidence and comfort in clinical examinations could be enhanced within medical education. Changes were implemented in the institution under study’s vocational skills teaching, which is rooted in general practice. Information on gender and clinical skills was provided within course handbooks, time was scheduled to discuss gender and clinical skills in small group settings, and equitable gender representation was ensured in clinical assessment.
Regulatory Barriers to Smart Growth: The Impact of Local Government Development Controls on Urban Form
Creators: name: Serkin, Allen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005
Subjects: New urbanisms
Sustainable development

description: New Urbanism is an urban design movement that is a reaction to urban sprawl and is often used as a physical model that represents the principles as Smart Growth. New Urbanist development, also called Traditional Neighborhood Developments (TND), attempts to combat urban sprawl through neotraditional urban design elements such as higher density, mixed land uses, and interconnected street networks. It is generally agreed among New Urbanists, however, that the land use regulations of local governments are not supportive of New Urbanism (Barnett, 2004; Russell, 2004; Steuteville & Langdon, 2003). This study assesses the impact of local land use regulations on Smart Growth efforts, by comparing the urban form of TNDs in five different jurisdictions in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Urban form measures of density, land use mix, and street connectivity are calculated to quantify the variation in urban form among the projects. Then the land development controls of the jurisdictions are evaluated. Finally, variations in the jurisdictions' land development controls are used to help explain the variations in the urban form measures. This study shows that regulations targeting street connectivity demonstrate a more apparent barrier to Smart Growth urban forms than those targeting density and land use mix. The permanent nature of transportation networks, the (typically) equal application of street design guidelines across a jurisdiction, and its apparent impact of urban form suggest that connectivity should be a primary issue for achievement of Smart Growth goals.
Weighing the Galactic disk using the Jeans equation: lessons from simulations
Creators: name: Candlish, G. N.
name: Smith, R.
name: Bidin, C. Moni
name: Gibson, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using three-dimensional stellar kinematic data from simulated galaxies, we examine the efficacy of a Jeans equation analysis in reconstructing the total disk surface density, including the dark matter, at the "Solar" radius. Our simulation dataset includes galaxies formed in a cosmological context using state-of-the-art high resolution cosmological zoom simulations, and other idealised models. The cosmologically formed galaxies have been demonstrated to lie on many of the observed scaling relations for late-type spirals, and thus offer an interesting surrogate for real galaxies with the obvious advantage that all the kinematical data are known perfectly. We show that the vertical velocity dispersion is typically the dominant kinematic quantity in the analysis, and that the traditional method of using only the vertical force is reasonably effective at low heights above the disk plane. At higher heights the inclusion of the radial force becomes increasingly important. We also show that the method is sensitive to uncertainties in the measured disk parameters, particularly the scale lengths of the assumed double exponential density distribution, and the scale length of the radial velocity dispersion. In addition, we show that disk structure and low number statistics can lead to significant errors in the calculated surface densities. Finally we examine the implications of our results for previous studies of this sort, suggesting that more accurate measurements of the scale lengths may help reconcile conflicting estimates of the local dark matter density in the literature.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures. Accepted to MNRAS. References added, plots made B&W print-friendly
Sodium Absorption Systems toward SN Ia 2014J Originate on Interstellar Scales
Creators: name: Maeda, K.
name: Tajitsu, A.
name: Kawabata, K. S.
name: Foley, R. J.
name: Honda, S.
name: Moritani, Y.
name: Tanaka, M.
name: Hashimoto, O.
name: Ishigaki, M.
name: Simon, J. D.
name: Phillips, M. M.
name: Yamanaka, M.
name: Nogami, D.
name: Arai, A.
name: Aoki, W.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Milisavljevic, D.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Soderberg, A. M.
name: Schramm, M.
name: Sato, B.
name: Harakawa, H.
name: Morrell, N.
name: Arimoto, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Na I D absorbing systems toward Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have been intensively studied over the last decade with the aim of finding circumstellar material (CSM), which is an indirect probe of the progenitor system. However, it is difficult to deconvolve CSM components from non-variable, and often dominant, components created by interstellar material (ISM). We present a series of high-resolution spectra of SN Ia 2014J from before maximum brightness to ~250 days after maximum brightness. The late-time spectrum provides unique information for determining the origin of the Na I D absorption systems. The deep late-time observation allows us to probe the environment around the SN at a large scale, extending to ~40 pc. We find that a spectrum of diffuse light in the vicinity, but not directly in the line-of-sight, of the SN has absorbing systems nearly identical to those obtained for the "pure" SN line-of-sight. Therefore, basically all Na I D systems seen toward SN 2014J must originate from foreground material that extends to at least ~40 pc in projection and none at the CSM scale. A fluctuation in the column densities at a scale of ~20 pc is also identified. After subtracting the diffuse, "background" spectrum, the late-time SN Na I D profile along the SN line-of-sight is consistent with the profile in the near-maximum brightness spectra. The lack of variability on a ~1 year timescale is consistent with the ISM interpretation for the gas.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Diagnostic accuracy of Acoustic Radiation Forced Impulse (ARFI) for differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules
Creators: name: Khurana, Abhishek
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Oncology
subject: Thyroid / Parathyroids
subject: Head and neck
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: AIM: Diagnostic accuracy of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) for differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules in patients with solitary thyroid nodules and comparison with histopathology. OBJECTIVES: 1. To obtain the best fit...
Evidenced-based Bicycle Facilities Map of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Campus
Creators: name: Grim, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: This paper addresses the recommendation by the University of North Carolina's bicycle advisory group to prepare a bicycle map for inexperienced bicyclists showing routes and key facilities, such as locations of bike lanes, wide curb lanes, bicycle parking, air stations, etc., and including bicycling regulations and bicyclists' responsibilities. In Chapel Hill, the paucity of dedicated bicycle facilities means that bicyclists and drivers must share existing road space. However, data needed to apply indices such as the Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI) or Bicycle Level of Service (B-LOS), which assign grades to street segments based on specified criteria, have not been collected and are expensive to collect. Therefore, this study examined information gathered from a literature review and bicycle map review, supplemented by meetings and conversations with University, Town of Chapel Hill and Town of Carrboro bicycling informants to develop a map showing dedicated bicycle facilities suitable to inexperienced bicyclists, amenities for bicyclists, and barriers and/or inhibitors to bicycling. Further work is needed to incorporate attributes such as street lighting, stop signs, right-turning vehicles and driveways into future versions of the map.
Additional file 1 of Electrochemical survey of electroactive microbial populations in deep-sea hydrothermal fields
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Masahiro
name: Kawada, Yoshifumi
name: Takaki, Yoshihiro
name: Shimoniida, Kosuke
name: Shitara, Mariko
name: Tanizaki, Akiko
name: Kashima, Hiroyuki
name: Hirai, Miho
name: Takaya, Yutaro
name: Nozaki, Tatsuo
name: Kasaya, Takafumi
name: Takai, Ken
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary tables and figures.
A two-dimensional magneto-optical trap of dysprosium atoms as a compact source for efficient loading of a narrow-line three-dimensional magneto-optical trap
Creators: name: Jin, Shuwei
name: Gao, Jianshun
name: Chandrashekara, Karthik
name: Gölzhäuser, Christian
name: Schöner, Joschka
name: Chomaz, Lauriane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a scheme for loading dysprosium atoms into a narrow-line three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D MOT). Our innovative approach replaces the conventional Zeeman slower with a 2D MOT operating on the broad 421-nm line to create a high-flux beam of slow atoms. Even in the absence of a push beam, we demonstrate efficient loading of the 3D MOT, which operates on the narrower 626-nm intercombination line. Adding push beams working at either 421 nm or 626 nm, significant enhancement of the loading rate is achieved. We reach the best performance, with an enhancement factor of $3.6$, using a push beam red-detuned to the 626-nm line. With loading rates greater than $10^8$ atoms/s achieved at a moderate oven reservoir temperature of $800\,^{\circ}$C, our method offers similar or greater performance than Zeeman-slower-based systems. Our 2D-MOT-based approach constitutes a promising first step for state-of-the-art quantum gas experiments with several advantages over the Zeeman-slower-based setup and is readily adaptable to other open-shell lanthanides.
Accessing Rydberg-dressed interactions using many-body Ramsey dynamics
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Rick
name: Killian, Thomas C.
name: Hazzard, Kaden R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that Ramsey spectroscopy can be used to observe Rydberg-dressed interactions. In contrast to many prior proposals, our scheme operates comfortably within experimentally measured lifetimes, and accesses a regime where quantum superpositions are crucial. The key idea is to build a spin-1/2 from one level that is Rydberg-dressed and another that is not. These levels may be hyperfine or long-lived electronic states. An Ising spin model governs the Ramsey dynamics, for which we derive an exact solution. Due to the structure of Rydberg interactions, the dynamics differs significantly from that in other spin systems. As one example, spin echo can increase the rate at which coherence decays. The results also apply to bare (undressed) Rydberg states as a special case, for which we quantitatively reproduce recent ultrafast experiments without fitting.
Public Streets, Private Security: Why The Private Sector Is Better Able To Ensure Urban Security And The Livability Of Cities
Creators: name: Finn, James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The Paper begins, in Part I, with a more detailed discussion of the events leading up to Wall Street Parking Garage Corp. v. New York Stock Exchange, Inc., events that provide an excellent basis for understanding the larger issues discussed later in this Paper. Part II consists of a discussion of the economic, social, and political benefits that result from private entities exercising control over public spaces for the purpose of ensuring security. Part III acknowledges several criticisms and disadvantages of private control of publicly owned space, though ultimately, the Paper finds the benefits significantly more compelling. Part IV examines the legal constraints on such private action and concludes that non-delegated control is illegal under existing law while expressly delegated control probably is legal. Part IV also includes a discussion of the effect of such delegation on constitutional criminal procedure rights. Part V proposes as a solution new legislation that will enable private actors to exercise control over public streets, plazas, sidewalks, and other publicly-owned urban spaces and achieve the economic, political, and social benefits that such private security promises. The Paper ultimately proposes the creation of city ordinances that will allow private entities to control public spaces legally and thereby provide significant benefits to the public and private sector alike.
Perspectives on Anomaly Resolution
Creators: name: Vandermeulen, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine in detail the process of resolving 't Hooft anomalies by extending the symmetry of a theory. Specifically, we interpret the ingredients of existing prescriptions for anomaly resolution as the addition of topological operators with designated mixed anomalies, which can be interpreted as coupling our original field theory to a topological one. We show that, upon gauging, the presence of such mixed anomalies leads to a modified version of the original symmetry which now acts on the newly introduced operators, allowing for an overall anomaly-free action. We also show that the original, anomalous symmetry remains present in the theory. This analysis is applied to anomaly-resolving extensions by both ordinary and higher-form symmetries, leading to related but qualitatively distinct stories.
description: 23 pages, 1 appendix, 3 figures; references added
Problems of DPA cross-sections above 20 MeV in FENDL-3.1d found in A-FNS neutronics analysis
Creators: name: Kwon, Saerom
name: Konno, Chikara
name: Ohta, Masayuki
name: Kasugai, Atsushi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Our detailed investigation on the data of iron nuclei in nuclear data library FENDL-3.1d figured out that residual nucleus production yield data just above 20 MeV had a problem, which caused a sharp spike in the DPA cross-section. In addition, we revealed that the same and similar problems occurred the data in other 73 nuclei FENDL-3.1d selected from TENDL-2010 or TENDL-2011. Thus, we revised the yield data and verified that the sharp spike just above 20 MeV in the DPA cross-section disappeared using the revised data. Moreover, the DPA cross-section data of 49 nuclei in FENDL-3.1d from JENDL/HE-2007 became much smaller sharply above 20 MeV because the nuclei had no energy distribution data of residual nuclei above 20 MeV. Other problems occurred in 13 nuclei of FENDL-3.1d from JEFF-3.1.1 above several MeV, due to wrong energy distribution data of recoil nucleus in the inelastic scattering to continuum states below 20 MeV and no energy distribution data of residual nuclei above 20 MeV. The DPA cross-section data of more than 70% of nuclei in FENDL-3.1d have problems due to non-physical data in the original nuclear data.
Planning for rising sea levels: what planners need to know about the public trust doctrine
Creators: name: Pratt, Stuart L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Methods that coastal planners will surely use to help their communities adapt to these changes will be updating comprehensive plans, development policies, and future land use maps to reflect the predicted changes in the coastline. Some planners from coastal cities and states have already begun to make these changes. For instance, in Maryland, the Living Shoreline program is set up to allow coastal areas to adapt to sea level rise by moving wetlands and coastal uses inland as oceans rise (EPA, 2010). In California, the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC) has already begun planning how sea level rise will impact low-lying parcels (BCDC, 2010). The U.S. Environment Protection Agency has also established a database of coastal vulnerability and adaption tools to serve as a clearinghouse for other jurisdictions that want to start planning for sea level rise (EPA, 2010). The planning process will no doubt have a positive impact on coastal areas' resiliency and adaptability to sea level rise. This Planning Advisory Service (PAS) Report urges coastal planners -in addition to using traditional planning tools- to consider legal doctrines and tools that will help communities adapt to sea level rise equitably and efficiently. The most significant legal doctrine that will help planners in this process is the public trust doctrine which provides that state governments own all coastal submerged land and any coastal land that is affected by the tides. To accomplish this goal, this PAS Report will first describe in Part II how two regions are planning and preparing for sea level rise. These two case studies will be used to emphasize how the public trust doctrine can complement and assist local government efforts to efficiently adapt to sea level rise. Next, in Part III, this PAS Report will -in planner-friendly terms- explain the public trust doctrine and how it is applied by the courts in response to changing environmental and land use circumstances. Part IV will demonstrate how the doctrine will be useful to planners and governments as they plan their communities' response to sea level rise. Lastly, in Part V, this PAS Report will consider the obstacles that may face planners and local governments if they use the public trust doctrine.
title: Improved tumour targeting of [111In/177Lu]SG5 in phosphoramidon-treated mice
Creators: name: Kaloudi, Aikaterini
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: SPECT
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Molecular, genomics and proteomics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Radiolabeled gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) analogs have been proposed for application in the diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy of CCK2R-positive human tumors, like medullary thyroid cancer [1-5]. Previous studies have shown that [ 111...
Active compensation of aperture discontinuities for WFIRST-AFTA: analytical and numerical comparison of propagation methods and preliminary results with a WFIRST-AFTA-like pupil
Creators: name: Mazoyer, Johan
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Norman, Colin
name: N'Diaye, Mamadou
name: van der Marel, Roeland P.
name: Soummer, Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new frontier in the quest for the highest contrast levels in the focal plane of a coronagraph is now the correction of the large diffractive artifacts effects introduced at the science camera by apertures of increasing complexity. The coronagraph for the WFIRST/AFTA mission will be the first of such instruments in space with a two Deformable Mirrors wavefront control system. Regardless of the control algorithm for these multi Deformable Mirrors, they will have to rely on quick and accurate simulation of the propagation effects introduced by the out-of-pupil surface. In the first part of this paper, we present the analytical description of the different approximations to simulate these propagation effects. In Annex A, we prove analytically that, in the special case of surfaces inducing a converging beam, the Fresnel method yields high fidelity for simulations of these effects. We provide numerical simulations showing this effect. In the second part, we use these tools in the framework of the Active Compensation of Aperture Discontinuities technique (ACAD) applied to pupil geometries similar to WFIRST-AFTA. We present these simulations in the context of the optical layout of the High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes, which will test ACAD on a optical bench. The results of this analysis show that using the ACAD method, an apodized pupil lyot coronagraph and the performance of our current deformable mirrors, we are able to obtain, in numerically simulations, a dark hole with an AFTA-like pupil. Our numerical simulation shows that we can obtain contrast better than $2.10^{-9}$ in monochromatic light and better than 3.e-8 with 10% bandwidth between 5 and 14 lambda/D.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication (Oct. 23, 2015) in Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, special WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph
Additional file 3 of Facilitating co-research: lessons learned from reflection forms within three participatory action research projects
Creators: name: Emke, Helga
name: Vandendriessche, Ann
name: Chinapaw, Mai
name: Deforche, Benedicte
name: Verloigne, Maïté
name: Altenburg, Teatske
name: Anselma, Manou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3
title: Assessment of coronary plaque by coronary CT angiography in patients with acute coronary syndrome non-ST segment elevation
Creators: name: Gaman, Svetlana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac
subject: Emergency
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common causes of emergency admissions in most developed and developing countries. Previously it was thought that degree of coronary artery stenosis are the most important data of beam diagnostics in...
title: Evaluation of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in end stage virus C hepatitis by delayed myocardial enhancement
Creators: name: Behairy, Noha
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Liver
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: This study aims to evaluate left ventricle systolic functional and morphological myocardial changes in hepatitis C virus patients with end stage liver disease by cardiac magnetic...
title: Feasibility of an ultra-low dose CT for left atrium and pulmonary veins imaging using VEO (model-based iterative reconstruction)
Creators: name: Annoni, Andrea
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Cardiac
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Ablation procedures

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Atrial fibrillation is the most common of the sustained cardiac arrhythmias and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic costs (1-2). Radio-frequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of the distal pulmonary veins and posterior left...