cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary information and figure from Mapping co-benefits for carbon storage and biodiversity to inform conservation policy and action
Creators: name: C. Soto-Navarro
name: C. Ravilious
name: A. Arnell
name: X. De Lamo
name: M. Harfoot
name: S. L. L. Hill
name: O. R. Wearn
name: M. Santoro
name: A. Bouvet
name: S. Mermoz
name: T. Le Toan
name: J. Xia
name: S. Liu
name: W. Yuan
name: S. A. Spawn
name: H. K. Gibbs
name: S. Ferrier
name: T. Harwood
name: R. Alkemade
name: A. M. Schipper
name: G. Schmidt-Traub
name: B. Strassburg
name: L. Miles
name: N. D. Burgess
name: V. Kapos
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Integrated high-resolution maps on carbon stocks and biodiversity that identify areas of potential co-benefits for climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation can help facilitate the implementation of global climate and biodiversity commitments at local levels. However, the multi-dimensional nature of biodiversity presents a major challenge for understanding, mapping and communicating where and how biodiversity benefits coincide with climate benefits that are more simply represented by a single parameter, carbon, and new integrated approaches are needed. Here, we (a) present a new high-resolution map of global above- and below-ground carbon stored in biomass and soil, (b) quantify biodiversity values using two complementary indices (BIp and BIr) representing proactive and reactive approaches to conservation, and that integrate local diversity and ecosystem intactness, and regional ecosystem intactness across the broader area supporting a similar natural assemblage of species to the location of interest) and (c) examine patterns of carbon-biodiversity overlap by identifying 'hotspots' (20% highest values for both aspects). The western Amazon basin, central Africa and southeast Asia capture the last strongholds of highest local biodiversity and ecosystem intactness worldwide, while the last refuges for unique biological communities whose habitats have been highly deteriorated across their range are mostly found in the tropical Andes and central Sundaland. There is 38% and 5% overlap in carbon and biodiversity hotspots, for proactive and reactive conservation, respectively. Alarmingly, only around 12% and 21%, respectively, of these hotspot areas are formally protected. This highlights that a coupled approach is urgently needed, focusing on unprotected, degraded ecosystems, particularly in the Neotropics and Indomalayan realms, and retention of the remaining highly intact areas to help achieve both climate and biodiversity global targets.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions’.
Assessing size effects on the deformation of nanovoids in metallic materials
Creators: name: Hure, J.
name: Barrioz, P. O.
name: Tanguy, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An experimental methodology is developed to evaluate size effects in nanovoids deformation under macroscopic uniaxial stress loading conditions. Quantitative evaluation of voids deformation as a function of voids size shows both a crystallographic effect, albeit small compared to the scatter, and no evidence of size effects for voids diameter larger than 10 nm, while a slight effect is present for smaller voids. Critical assessment of the data in light of theoretical models indicates that these results may be compatible with the presence of a hardened layer at the void/matrix interface, which is illustrated through finite element simulations accounting for surface tension.
Arctic curve of the free-fermion six-vertex model with reflecting end boundary condition
Creators: name: Passos, I. R.
name: Ribeiro, G. A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the six-vertex model with reflecting end boundary condition. We study the asymptotic behavior of the boundary correlations. This asymptotic behavior is used as an input into the Tangent Method in order to derive analytically the arctic curve at the free fermion point. The obtained curve is a semicircle, which is in agreement with previous Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
A Multi-cascaded Model with Data Augmentation for Enhanced Paraphrase Detection in Short Texts
Creators: name: Shakeel, Muhammad Haroon
name: Karim, Asim
name: Khan, Imdadullah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Paraphrase detection is an important task in text analytics with numerous applications such as plagiarism detection, duplicate question identification, and enhanced customer support helpdesks. Deep models have been proposed for representing and classifying paraphrases. These models, however, require large quantities of human-labeled data, which is expensive to obtain. In this work, we present a data augmentation strategy and a multi-cascaded model for improved paraphrase detection in short texts. Our data augmentation strategy considers the notions of paraphrases and non-paraphrases as binary relations over the set of texts. Subsequently, it uses graph theoretic concepts to efficiently generate additional paraphrase and non-paraphrase pairs in a sound manner. Our multi-cascaded model employs three supervised feature learners (cascades) based on CNN and LSTM networks with and without soft-attention. The learned features, together with hand-crafted linguistic features, are then forwarded to a discriminator network for final classification. Our model is both wide and deep and provides greater robustness across clean and noisy short texts. We evaluate our approach on three benchmark datasets and show that it produces a comparable or state-of-the-art performance on all three.
Figure S1 from Mapping co-benefits for carbon storage and biodiversity to inform conservation policy and action
Creators: name: C. Soto-Navarro
name: C. Ravilious
name: A. Arnell
name: X. De Lamo
name: M. Harfoot
name: S. L. L. Hill
name: O. R. Wearn
name: M. Santoro
name: A. Bouvet
name: S. Mermoz
name: T. Le Toan
name: J. Xia
name: S. Liu
name: W. Yuan
name: S. A. Spawn
name: H. K. Gibbs
name: S. Ferrier
name: T. Harwood
name: R. Alkemade
name: A. M. Schipper
name: G. Schmidt-Traub
name: B. Strassburg
name: L. Miles
name: N. D. Burgess
name: V. Kapos
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Global biodiversity datasets used to calculate BIp and BIr. A) Species richness–AOH (Area of Habitat) and B) Rarity-weighted richness–AOH for mammals, birds and amphibians, C) Biodiversity Intactness Index (PREDICTS), D) Mean Species Abundance (GLOBIO4) and E) Biodiversity Habitat Index (CSIRO).
Expression of proposed methionine transporters along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and their regulation by dietary methionine sources
Creators: name: Romanet, Stella
name: Aschenbach, Jörg R.
name: Pieper, Robert
name: Zentek, Jürgen
name: Htoo, John K.
name: Whelan, Rose A.
name: Mastrototaro, Lucia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Longitudinal heterogeneity of gene expression
subject: Intestine
subject: Methionine transport
subject: qRT-PCR
subject: Stomach
subject: Western blot
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background Given the key role of methionine (Met) in biological processes like protein translation, methylation, and antioxidant defense, inadequate Met supply can limit performance. This study investigated the effect of different dietary Met sources on the expression profile of various Met transporters along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. Methods A total of 27 pigs received a diet supplemented with 0.21% DL-Met, 0.21% L-Met, or 0.31% DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA). Changes in mRNA expression of B0AT1, ATB0,+, rBAT, ASCT2, IMINO, LAT4, y+LAT1, LAT2, and SNAT2 were evaluated in the oral mucosa, cardia, fundus, pylorus, duodenum, proximal jejunum, middle jejunum, ileum, cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon, complemented by protein expression analysis of B0AT1, ASCT2, LAT2, and LAT4. Results Expression of all investigated transcripts differed significantly along the GIT. B0AT1, rBAT, y+LAT1, LAT2, and LAT4 showed strongest mRNA expression in small intestinal segments. ASCT2, IMINO, and SNAT2 were similarly expressed along the small and large intestines but expression differed in the oral mucosa and stomach. ATB0,+ showed highest mRNA expression in large intestinal tissues, cardia, and pylorus. In pigs fed DL-Met, mRNA expression of ASCT2 was higher than in pigs fed DL-HMTBA in small intestinal tissues and mRNA expression of IMINO was lower than in pigs fed L-Met in large intestinal tissues. Dietary DL-HMTBA induced a stronger mRNA expression of basolateral uptake systems either in the small (LAT2) or large (y+LAT1) intestine. Protein expression of B0AT1 was higher in the middle jejunum and ileum in pigs fed DL-Met when compared with the other Met supplements. LAT4 expression was higher in pigs fed DL-HMTBA when compared with DL-Met (small intestine) and L-Met (small intestine, oral mucosa, and stomach). Conclusion A high expression of several Met transporters in small intestinal segments underlines the primary role of these segments in amino acid absorption; however, some Met transporters show high transcript and protein levels also in large intestine, oral mucosa, and stomach. A diet containing DL-Met has potential to increase apical Met transport in the small intestine, whereas a diet containing DL-HMTBA has potential to increase basolateral Met transport in the small intestine and, partly, other gastrointestinal tissues.
Additional file 6 of Association of statin use in older people primary prevention group with risk of cardiovascular events and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Creators: name: Awad, Kamal
name: Mohammed, Maged
name: Zaki, Mahmoud Mohamed
name: Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.
name: Lip, Gregory Y. H.
name: Blaha, Michael J.
name: Lavie, Carl J.
name: Toth, Peter P.
name: Jukema, J. Wouter
name: Sattar, Naveed
name: Banach, Maciej
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6: Supplementary Table 4. Covariates adjustment in the included studies.
Numerical analysis of quasinormal modes in nearly extremal Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetimes
Creators: name: Yoshida, Shijun
name: Futamase, Toshifumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate high-order quasinormal modes with large imaginary frequencies for electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations in nearly extremal Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetimes. Our results show that for low-order quasinormal modes, the analytical approximation formula in the extremal limit derived by Cardoso and Lemos is a quite good approximation for the quasinormal frequencies as long as the model parameter $r_1κ_1$ is small enough, where $r_1$ and $κ_1$ are the black hole horizon radius and the surface gravity, respectively. For high-order quasinormal modes, to which corresponds quasinormal frequencies with large imaginary parts, on the other hand, this formula becomes inaccurate even for small values of $r_1κ_1$. We also find that the real parts of the quasinormal frequencies have oscillating behaviors in the limit of highly damped modes, which are similar to those observed in the case of a Reissner-Nordstr{\" o}m black hole. The amplitude of oscillating ${\rm Re(ω)}$ as a function of ${\rm Im}(ω)$ approaches a non-zero constant value for gravitational perturbations and zero for electromagnetic perturbations in the limit of highly damped modes, where $ω$ denotes the quasinormal frequency. This means that for gravitational perturbations, the real part of quasinormal modes of the nearly extremal Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime appears not to approach any constant value in the limit of highly damped modes. On the other hand, for electromagnetic perturbations, the real part of frequency seems to go to zero in the limit.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Physical Review D
Streaming Message Interface: High-Performance Distributed Memory Programming on Reconfigurable Hardware
Creators: name: De Matteis, Tiziano
name: Licht, Johannes de Fine
name: Beránek, Jakub
name: Hoefler, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distributed memory programming is the established paradigm used in high-performance computing (HPC) systems, requiring explicit communication between nodes and devices. When FPGAs are deployed in distributed settings, communication is typically handled either by going through the host machine, sacrificing performance, or by streaming across fixed device-to-device connections, sacrificing flexibility. We present Streaming Message Interface (SMI), a communication model and API that unifies explicit message passing with a hardware-oriented programming model, facilitating minimal-overhead, flexible, and productive inter-FPGA communication. Instead of bulk transmission, messages are streamed across the network during computation, allowing communication to be seamlessly integrated into pipelined designs. We present a high-level synthesis implementation of SMI targeting a dedicated FPGA interconnect, exposing runtime-configurable routing with support for arbitrary network topologies, and implement a set of distributed memory benchmarks. Using SMI, programmers can implement distributed, scalable HPC programs on reconfigurable hardware, without deviating from best practices for hardware design.
Discussion on the assumptions made in the thought experiment from Pleistocene Arctic megafaunal ecological engineering as a natural climate solution?
Creators: name: Macias-Fauria, Marc
name: Jepson, Paul
name: Zimov, Nikita
name: Yadvinder Malhi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A list of assumptions and research lines stemming from them are discussed.
Phase Separation in Giant Planets: Inhomogeneous Evolution of Saturn
Creators: name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Hubbard, William B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first models of Jupiter and Saturn to couple their evolution to both a radiative-atmosphere grid and to high-pressure phase diagrams of hydrogen with helium and other admixtures. We find that prior calculated phase diagrams in which Saturn's interior reaches a region of predicted helium immiscibility do not allow enough energy release to prolong Saturn's cooling to its known age and effective temperature. We explore modifications to published phase diagrams that would lead to greater energy release, and propose a modified H-He phase diagram that is physically reasonable, leads to the correct extension of Saturn's cooling, and predicts an atmospheric helium mass fraction Y_atmos = 0.185, in agreement with recent estimates. We also explore the possibility of internal separation of elements heavier than helium, and find that, alternatively, such separation could prolong Saturn's cooling to its known age and effective temperature under a realistic phase diagram and heavy element abundance (in which case Saturn's Y_atmos would be solar but heavier elements would be depleted). In none of these scenarios does Jupiter's interior evolve to any region of helium or heavy-element immiscibility: Jupiter evolves homogeneously to the present day. We discuss the implications of our calculations for Saturn's primordial core mass.
description: 33 pages, Accepted to Icarus
Equation of State of Oscillating Brans-Dicke Scalar and Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Perivolaropoulos, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Brans-Dicke scalar field stabilized by a general power law potential with power index $n$ at a finite equilibrium value. Redshifting matter induces oscillations of the scalar field around its equilibrium due to the scalar field coupling to the trace of the energy momentum tensor. If the stabilizing potential is sufficiently steep these high frequency oscillations are consistent with observational and experimental constraints for arbitrary value of the Brans-Dicke parameter $ω$. We study analytically and numerically the equation of state of these high frequency oscillations in terms of the parameters $ω$ and $n$ and find the corresponding evolution of the universe scale factor. We find that the equation of state parameter can be negative and less than -1 but it is not related to the evolution of the scale factor in the usual way. Nevertheless, accelerating expansion is found for a certain parameter range. Our analysis applies also to oscillations of the size of extra dimensions (the radion field) around an equilibrium value. This duality between self-coupled Brans-Dicke and radion dynamics is applicable for $ω= -1 + 1/D$ where D is the number of extra dimensions.
description: 10 two-column pages, RevTex4, 8 figures. Added clarifying discussions, new references. Accepted in Phys. Rev. D (to appear)
Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Multicenter Study on Factors Associated with Visual Outcomes and Retinal Detachment
Creators: name: Soitong, Panuwat
name: Ngathaweesuk, Yaninsiri
name: Panyayingyong, Noppakhun
name: Amphornphruet, Atchara
name: Nganthavee, Variya
name: Sakboonyarat, Boonsub
name: Keorochana, Narumon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: This multicenter study aimed to evaluate visual outcomes and analyze the specific viral pathogens and other factors associated with severe visual impairment (SVI), and retinal detachment (RD) in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) A retrospective multicenter cohort study included ARN patients who underwent aqueous or vitreous PCR testing. Multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with viral pathogens and SVI. A mixed-effects parametric survival-time model was applied to evaluate RD risk factors. A total of 56 patients (65 eyes) diagnosed with ARN were included. 31 patients (47.7%) had a final visual acuity of 20/200 or worse. SVI was associated with zone 1 involvement (aRR 4.2), immunocompromised status (aRR 2.8), and RD (aRR 4.8). RD occurred in 23 patients (35.4%) after an average of 4.26 months from the onset of ARN. The incidence rate of RD was 1.4 per 1,000 eye-days (95% CI: 0.9–2.1. It increased in VZV-ARN cases by 4.02 times (log-rank p = 0.008), patients with retinitis affecting 2–3 quadrants, and in immunocompetent status. Zone 1 involvement, immunocompromised status, and RD were key risk factors for SVI in ARN. RD occurred in approximately one-third of cases. Early and aggressive intervention is essential in VZV-ARN cases, particularly in cases where retinitis involves 2–3 quadrants of the retina and in immunocompetent individuals, to mitigate the risk of RD.
From Klein to Painleve via Fourier, Laplace and Jimbo
Creators: name: Boalch, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will describe a method for constructing explicit algebraic solutions to the sixth Painleve equation, generalising that of Dubrovin-Mazzocco. There are basically two steps: First we explain how to construct finite braid group orbits of triples of elements of SL_2(C) out of triples of generators of three-dimensional complex reflection groups. (This involves the Fourier-Laplace transform for certain irregular connections.) Then we adapt a result of Jimbo to produce the Painleve VI solutions. (In particular this solves a Riemann-Hilbert problem explicitly.) Each step will be illustrated using the complex reflection group associated to Klein's simple group of order 168. This leads to a new algebraic solution with seven branches. We will also prove that, unlike the algebraic solutions of Dubrovin-Mazzocco and Hitchin, this solution is not equivalent to any solution coming from a finite subgroup of SL_2(C). The results of this paper also yield a simple proof of a recent theorem of Inaba-Iwasaki-Saito on the action of Okamoto's affine D4 symmetry group as well as the correct connection formulae for generic Painleve VI equations.
description: 40 pages (title modified plus minor corrections and improvements)
From adaptive resolution to molecular dynamics of open systems
Creators: name: Cortes-Huerto, Robinson
name: Praprotnik, Matej
name: Kremer, Kurt
name: Delle Site, Luigi
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptive Resolution Simulation method
subject: principles
subject: numerical and theoretical developments
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We provide an overview of the Adaptive Resolution Simulation method (AdResS) based on discussing its basic principles and presenting its current numerical and theoretical developments. Examples of applications to systems of interest to soft matter, chemical physics, and condensed matter illustrate the method’s advantages and limitations in its practical use and thus settle the challenge for further future numerical and theoretical developments.
The soft X-ray excess: NLS1s vs. BLS1s
Creators: name: Gliozzi, M.
name: Williams, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The soft X-ray excess - the excess of X-rays below 2 keV with respect to the extrapolation of the hard X-ray spectral continuum model - is a very common feature among type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN); yet the nature of the soft X-ray excess is still poorly understood and hotly debated. To shed some light on this issue, we have measured in a model-independent way the soft excess strength in a flux-limited sample of broad-line and narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (BLS1s and NLS1s) that are matched in X-ray luminosity but different in terms of the black hole mass and the accretion rate values, with NLS1s being characterized by smaller MBH and larger accretion rate values. Our analysis, in agreement with previous studies carried out with different AGN samples, indicates that: 1) a soft excess is ubiquitously detected in both BLS1s and NLS1s; 2) the strength of the soft excess is significantly larger in the NLS1 sample, compared to the BLS1 sample; 3) combining the two samples, the strength of the soft excess appears to positively correlate with the photon index as well as with the accretion rate, whereas there is no correlation with the black hole mass. Importantly, our work also reveals the lack of an anticorrelation between the soft excess strength and the luminosity of the primary X-ray component, predicted by the absorption and reflection scenarios. Our findings suggest that the soft excess is consistent with being produced by a warm Comptonization component. Larger, more complete samples of NLS1s and BLS1s are needed to confirm these conclusions.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Preliminary Survey of the Distribution of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria in the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract
Creators: name: Grześkowiak, Łukasz
name: Martínez-Vallespín, Beatriz
name: Zentek, Jürgen
name: Vahjen, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: segmented filamentous bacteria
subject: occurrence
subject: porcine gastrointestinal tract
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are present in various animal species including pigs. The aim of this work was to analyze the occurrence of SFB in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets of different ages. A total of 377 DNA extracts from stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon digesta, and from feces collected on different time points, originating from 155 animals, were screened by qPCR method with primers specific for the SFB. SFB sequences were detected in 74 of 377 samples (19.6%) from 155 animals in total. SFB were most abundant in ileum (50.0%), cecum (45.0%), and colon (37.0%), followed by feces (14.6%). SFB prevalence in sows was 12.9% (13/101) and 75.9% (41/54) in individual piglets. Of the 41 SFB-positive piglets, only two samples were from pre-weaning animals, while the rest of samples originated from post-weaning piglets. SFB sequences are abundant in post-weaning piglets, but not in suckling or adult animals. They are most abundant in the ileum and cecum of pigs. Further studies are warranted to reveal the role of SFB in pigs
Cosmological Evolution of Semilocal String Networks
Creators: name: Achucarro, A.
name: Avgoustidis, A.
name: Lopez-Eiguren, A.
name: Martins, C. J. A. P.
name: Urrestilla, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semilocal strings -- a particular limit of electroweak strings -- are an interesting example of a stable non-topological defect whose properties resemble those of their topological cousins, the Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen vortices. There is, however, one important difference: a network of semilocal strings will contain segments. These are 'dumbbells' whose ends behave almost like global monopoles that are strongly attracted to one another. While closed loops of string will eventually shrink and disappear, the segments can either shrink or grow, and a cosmological network of semilocal strings will reach a scaling regime. We discuss attempts to find a "thermodynamic" description of the cosmological evolution and scaling of a network of semilocal strings, by analogy with well-known descriptions for cosmic strings and for monopoles. We propose a model for the time evolution of an overall lengthscale and typical velocity for the network as well as for its segments, and some supporting (preliminary) numerical evidence.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, in `Topological Avatars of New Physics'
Pimelodus pantaneiro Souza-Filho & Shibatta 2007
Creators: name: De Oliveira, Rianne C.
name: Ota, Renata R.
name: Deprá, Gabriel C.
name: Zawadzki, Cláudio H.
name: Pavanelli, Carla S.
name: Da Graça, Weferson J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pimelodidae
Pimelodus
Pimelodus pantaneiro

description: Pimelodus pantaneiro Souza-Filho & Shibatta, 2007: 474, fig. 1A.
Paratypes: 1 lot, 5 specimens —NUP 2225, 5: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães (reservatório Manso), Nupélia staff, 2000.
description: Published as part of De Oliveira, Rianne C., Ota, Renata R., Deprá, Gabriel C., Zawadzki, Cláudio H., Pavanelli, Carla S. & Da Graça, Weferson J., 2022, Catalog of type specimens of the fish collection of the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá Paraná, Brazil, pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 5128 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6479497
Taurus Tunable Filter -- seven years of observing
Creators: name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Taurus Tunable Filter (TTF) has now been in regular use for seven years on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The instrument was also used for three years (1996--1999) on the William Herschel Telescope. We present a brief review of the different applications in order to illustrate the versatility of tunable filters in optical/IR spectrophotometric imaging. Tunable filters are now planned or are under development for 6-10m class telescopes which ensures their use for years to come.
description: PASA, accepted. 20 pages, 9 figures
de Sitter Vacua in String Theory
Creators: name: Kachru, Shamit
name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Linde, Andrei
name: Trivedi, Sandip P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline the construction of metastable de Sitter vacua of type IIB string theory. Our starting point is highly warped IIB compactifications with nontrivial NS and RR three-form fluxes. By incorporating known corrections to the superpotential from Euclidean D-brane instantons or gaugino condensation, one can make models with all moduli fixed, yielding a supersymmetric AdS vacuum. Inclusion of a small number of anti-D3 branes in the resulting warped geometry allows one to uplift the AdS minimum and make it a metastable de Sitter ground state. The lifetime of our metastable de Sitter vacua is much greater than the cosmological timescale of 10^10 years. We also prove, under certain conditions, that the lifetime of dS space in string theory will always be shorter than the recurrence time.
description: 12 pages, 2 figs, added comments on the thin wall approximation to tunneling
Algebraic entropy computations for lattice equations: why initial value problems do matter
Creators: name: Hietarinta, J.
name: Mase, T.
name: Willox, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we show that the results of degree growth (algebraic entropy) calculations for lattice equations strongly depend on the initial value problem that one chooses. We consider two problematic types of initial value configurations, one with problems in the past light-cone, the other one causing interference in the future light-cone, and apply them to Hirota's discrete KdV equation and to the discrete Liouville equation. Both of these initial value problems lead to exponential degree growth for Hirota's dKdV, the quintessential integrable lattice equation. For the discrete Liouville equation, though it is linearizable, one of the initial value problems yields exponential degree growth whereas the other is shown to yield non-polynomial (though still sub-exponential) growth. These results are in contrast to the common belief that discrete integrable equations must have polynomial growth and that linearizable equations necessarily have linear degree growth, regardless of the initial value problem one imposes. Finally, as a possible remedy for one of the observed anomalies, we also propose basing integrability tests that use growth criteria on the degree growth of a single initial value instead of all the initial values.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
Increased Concentration of Polyvalent Phospholipids in the Adsorption Domain of a Charged Protein
Creators: name: Haleva, Emir
name: Ben-Tal, Nir
name: Diamant, Haim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We studied the adsorption of a charged protein onto an oppositely charged membrane, composed of mobile phospholipids of differing valence, using a statistical-thermodynamical approach. A two-block model was employed, one block corresponding to the protein-affected region on the membrane, referred to as the adsorption domain, and the other to the unaffected remainder of the membrane. We calculated the protein-induced lipid rearrangement in the adsorption domain as arising from the interplay between the electrostatic interactions in the system and the mixing entropy of the lipids. Equating the electrochemical potentials of the lipids in the two blocks yields an expression for the relations among the various lipid fractions in the adsorption domain, indicating a sensitive dependence of lipid fraction on valence. This expression is a result of the two-block picture but does not depend on further details of the protein-membrane interaction. We subsequently calculated the lipid fractions themselves using the Poisson-Boltzmann theory. We examined the dependence of lipid enrichment, i.e., the ratio between the lipid fractions inside and outside the adsorption domain, on various parameters such as ionic strength and lipid valence. Maximum enrichment was found for lipid valence of about (-3) to (-4) in physiological conditions. Our results are in qualitative agreement with recent experimental studies on the interactions between peptides having a domain of basic residues and membranes containing a small fraction of the polyvalent phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). This study provides theoretical support for the suggestion that proteins adsorbed onto membranes through a cluster of basic residues may sequester PIP2 and other polyvalent lipids.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures
On the possible role of massive neutrinos in cosmological structure formation
Creators: name: Lattanzi, M.
name: Ruffini, R.
name: Vereshchagin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to the problem of galaxy formation, one of the greatest open questions of cosmology is represented by the existence of an asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the baryonic component of the Universe. We believe that a net lepton number for the three neutrino species can be used to understand this asymmetry. This also implies an asymmetry in the matter-antimatter component of the leptons. The existence of a nonnull lepton number for the neutrinos can easily explain a cosmological abundance of neutrinos consistent with the one needed to explain both the rotation curves of galaxies and the flatness of the Universe. Some propedeutic results are presented in order to attack this problem.
description: RevTeX4, 25 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the "Proceedings of the Xth Brazilian School of Cosmology and Gravitation", M. Novello, editor, AIP, in press
Interaction of a TeV Scale Black Hole with the Quark-Gluon Plasma at LHC
Creators: name: Chamblin, Andrew
name: Cooper, Fred
name: Nayak, Gouranga C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the fundamental Planck scale is near a TeV, then parton collisions with high enough center-of-mass energy should produce black holes. The production rate for such black holes has been extensively studied for the case of a proton-proton collision at \sqrt s = 14 TeV and for a lead-lead collision at \sqrt s = 5.5 TeV at LHC. As the parton energy density is much higher at lead-lead collisions than in pp collisions at LHC, one natural question is whether the produced black holes will be able to absorb the partons formed in the lead-lead collisions and eventually `eat' the quark-gluon plasma formed at LHC. In this paper, we make a quantitative analysis of this possibility and find that since the energy density of partons formed in lead-lead collisions at LHC is about 500 GeV/fm^3, the rate of absorption for one of these black holes is much smaller than the rate of evaporation. Hence, we argue that black holes formed in such collisions will decay very quickly, and will not absorb very many nearby partons. More precisely, we show that for the black hole mass to increase via parton absorption at the LHC the typical energy density of quarks and gluons should be of the order of 10^{10} GeV/fm^3. As LHC will not be able to produce such a high energy density partonic system, the black hole will not be able to absorb a sufficient number of nearby partons before it decays. The typical life time of the black hole formed at LHC is found to be a small fraction of a fm/c.
description: 7 pages latex (double column), 3 eps figures
Suitability of drone olfactory sensitivity as a selection trait for Varroa-resistance in honeybees
Creators: name: Ivanova, Ivelina
name: Bienefeld, Kaspar
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural genetics
subject: Animal breeding
subject: Behavioural genetics
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: The most effective strategy against brood diseases, such as those stemming from infestation by the mite Varroa destructor, is the early detection and removal of sick brood. Recent findings suggest that genes associated with worker bee olfactory perception play a central role in Varroa-sensitive hygiene (VSH). In this study, the odour sensitivity of Apis mellifera drones was examined through proboscis extension response (PER) conditioning. Individuals sensitive/insensitive to the two Varroa-parasitised-brood odours (extract-low and extract-high) were used for breeding. Twenty-one queens from a VSH-selected line (SelQ) and nineteen queens from a nonselected line (ConQ) were single-drone-inseminated with sperm from drones that showed either sensitivity (SenD+) or insensitivity (SenD−) to the two extracts. Individual VSH behaviour in a total of 5072 offspring of these combinations (SelQ × SenD+, SelQ × SenD−, ConQ × SenD+, ConQ × SenD−) was subsequently observed in a specially designed observation unit with infrared light. The results from the video observation were also separately examined, considering the genetic origin (VSH-selected or nonselected line) of the participating queens and drones. While the drone PER conditioning results were not significantly reflected in the VSH results of the respective offspring, the genetic origin of the participating queens/drones was crucial for VSH manifestation.
Energy dissipation in body-forced plane shear flow
Creators: name: Doering, Charles R.
name: Eckhardt, Bruno
name: Schumacher, Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of body-force driven shear flows in a plane channel of width l with free-slip boundaries. A mini-max variational problem for upper bounds on the bulk time averaged energy dissipation rate epsilon is derived from the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with no secondary assumptions. This produces rigorous limits on the power consumption that are valid for laminar or turbulent solutions. The mini-max problem is solved exactly at high Reynolds numbers Re = U*l/nu, where U is the rms velocity and nu is the kinematic viscosity, yielding an explicit bound on the dimensionless asymptotic dissipation factor beta=epsilon*l/U^3 that depends only on the ``shape'' of the shearing body force. For a simple half-cosine force profile, for example, the high Reynolds number bound is beta <= pi^2/sqrt{216} = .6715... . We also report extensive direct numerical simulations for this particular force shape up to Re approximately 400; the observed dissipation rates are about a factor of three below the rigorous high-Re bound. Interestingly, the high-Re optimal solution of the variational problem bears some qualitative resemblence to the observed mean flow profiles in the simulations. These results extend and refine the recent analysis for body-forced turbulence in J. Fluid Mech. 467, 289-306 (2002).
description: 10 pages, 2 Postscript figures
SDSS J1650+4251: A New Gravitational Lens
Creators: name: Morgan, Nicholas D.
name: Snyder, Jeffrey A.
name: Reens, Louis H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report that the Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar SDSS J165043.44+425149.3 is gravitationally lensed into two images, based on observations obtained with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory. The lensed quasar, at a redshift of z=1.54, appears as two images separated by 1.2" with B-band magnitudes of 17.8 and 20.0. The lensing galaxy is clearly detected in I-band images obtained in 0.3" seeing, after point spread function subtraction of the two quasar images. A strong metal-line absorption system is also identified in the unresolved SDSS spectrum of the double quasar, suggesting a plausible lens redshift of z=0.58. The UBRI flux ratios of the pair vary significantly from 8.5:1 in the blue to 5.4:1 in the red, a difference of 0.5 magnitudes, and may indicate the presence of microlensing in one or both quasar components. The predicted differential time delay between quasar images is on the order of one month, assuming the intervening absorption system is due to the lensing galaxy.
description: 15 pages (including 4 figures), submitted to the Astronomical Journal
Low-scale Quintessential Inflation
Creators: name: Giovannini, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quintessential inflationary model, the same master field that drives inflation becomes, later on, the dynamical source of the (present) accelerated expansion. Quintessential inflationary models require a curvature scale at the end of inflation around $10^{-6}M_{\rm P}$ in order to explain the large scale fluctuations observed in the microwave sky. If the curvature scale at the end of inflation is much smaller than $10^{-6}M_{\rm P}$, the large scale adiabatic mode may be produced thanks to the relaxation of a scalar degree of freedom, which will be generically denoted, according to the recent terminology, as the curvaton field. The production of the adiabatic mode is analysed in detail in the case of the minimal quintessential inflationary model originally proposed by Peebles and Vilenkin.
description: 25 pages; 5 figures
Evaluation of 3D gold nanodendrite layers obtained by templated galvanic displacement reactions for SERS sensing and heterogeneous catalysis
Creators: name: Han, Weijia
name: Stepula, Elzbieta
name: Philippi, Michael
name: Schlücker, Sebastian
name: Steinhart, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dense layers of overlapping three-dimensional (3D) gold nanodendrites characterized by high specific surfaces as well as by abundance of sharp edges and vertices creating high densities of SERS hotspots are promising substrates for SERS-based sensing and catalysis. We have evaluated to what extent structural features of 3D gold nanodendrite layers can be optimized by the initiation of 3D gold nanodendrite growth at gold particles rationally positioned on silicon wafers. For this purpose, galvanic displacement reactions yielding 3D gold nanodendrites were guided by hexagonal arrays of parent gold particles with a lattice constant of 1.5 micrometers obtained by solid-state dewetting of gold on topographically patterned silicon wafers. Initiation of the growth of dendritic features at edges of the gold particles resulted in the formation of 3D gold nanodendrites while limitation of dendritic growth to the substrate plane was prevented. The regular arrangement of the parent gold particles supported the formation of dense layers of overlapping 3D gold nanodendrites that were sufficiently homogeneous within the resolution limits of Raman microscopes. Consequently, SERS mapping experiments revealed a reasonable degree of uniformity. The proposed preparation algorithm comprises only bottom-up process steps that can be carried out without use of costly instrumentation.
Scene Recognition with Prototype-agnostic Scene Layout
Creators: name: Chen, Gongwei
name: Song, Xinhang
name: Zeng, Haitao
name: Jiang, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract--- Exploiting the spatial structure in scene images is a key research direction for scene recognition. Due to the large intra-class structural diversity, building and modeling flexible structural layout to adapt various image characteristics is a challenge. Existing structural modeling methods in scene recognition either focus on predefined grids or rely on learned prototypes, which all have limited representative ability. In this paper, we propose Prototype-agnostic Scene Layout (PaSL) construction method to build the spatial structure for each image without conforming to any prototype. Our PaSL can flexibly capture the diverse spatial characteristic of scene images and have considerable generalization capability. Given a PaSL, we build Layout Graph Network (LGN) where regions in PaSL are defined as nodes and two kinds of independent relations between regions are encoded as edges. The LGN aims to incorporate two topological structures (formed in spatial and semantic similarity dimensions) into image representations through graph convolution. Extensive experiments show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on widely recognized MIT67 and SUN397 datasets without multi-model or multi-scale fusion. Moreover, we also conduct the experiments on one of the largest scale datasets, Places365. The results demonstrate the proposed method can be well generalized and obtains competitive performance.
The Case for Asymmetric Dust Around a C-Rich AGB star
Creators: name: Feast, Michael W
name: Whitelock, Patricia A
name: Marang, Freddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: JHKL observations of the mass-losing carbon Mira variable IRAS 15194-5115 (II Lup) extending over about 18 years are presented and discussed. The pulsation period is 575 days and has remained essentially constant over this time span. The star has undergone an extensive obscuration minimum during this time. This is complex and, like such minima in similar objects, e.g. R For, does not fit the model predictions of a simple long term periodicity. Together with the high resolution observations of Lopez et al. the results suggest that the obscuration changes are due to the formation of dust clouds of limited extent in the line-of-sight. This is an RCB-type model. The effective reddening law at J and H is similar to that found for R For.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS