cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies are missing in the observed Stellar Mass Function
Creators: name: Kim, Juhan
name: Lee, Jaehyun
name: Laigle, Clotilde
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Kim, Yonghwi
name: Park, Changbom
name: Pichon, Christophe
name: Gibson, Brad
name: Few, C. Gareth
name: Shin, Jihye
name: Snaith, Owain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of the surface brightness (SB) limit on the galaxy stellar mass functions (GSMFs) using mock surveys generated from the Horizon Run 5 (HR5) simulation. We compare the stellar-to-halo-mass relation, GSMF, and size-stellar mass relation of the HR5 galaxies with empirical data and other cosmological simulations. The mean SB of simulated galaxies are computed using their effective radii, luminosities, and colors. To examine the cosmic SB dimming effect, we compute $k$-corrections from the spectral energy distributions of individual simulated galaxy at each redshift, apply the $k$-corrections to the galaxies, and conduct mock surveys based on the various SB limits. We find that the GSMFs are significantly affected by the SB limits at a low-mass end. This approach can ease the discrepancy between the GSMFs obtained from simulations and observations at $0.625\le z\le 2$. We also find that a redshift survey with a SB selection limit of $\left<μ_r\right>^e =$ 28 mag arcsec${}^{-2}$ will miss 20% of galaxies with $M_\star^g=10^{9}~{\rm M_\odot}$ at $z=0.625$. The missing fraction of low-surface-brightness galaxies increases to 50%, 70%, and 98% at $z=0.9$, 1.1, and 1.9, respectively, at the SB limit.
description: 27 pages, 30 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Near-infrared evolution of the equatorial ring of SN 1987A
Creators: name: Kangas, T.
name: Ahola, A.
name: Fransson, C.
name: Larsson, J.
name: Lundqvist, P.
name: Mattila, S.
name: Leibundgut, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use adaptive-optics imaging and integral field spectroscopy from the Very Large Telescope, together with images from the \emph{Hubble Space Telescope}, to study the near-infrared (NIR) evolution of the equatorial ring (ER) of SN~1987A. We study the NIR line and continuum flux and morphology over time in order to lay the groundwork for \emph{James Webb Space Telescope} observations of the system. We also study the differences in the interacting ring structure and flux between optical, NIR and other wavelengths, and between line and continuum emission, to constrain the underlying physical processes. Mostly the evolution is similar in the NIR and optical. The morphology of the ER has been skewed toward the west side (with roughly 2/3 of the NIR emission originating there) since around 2010. A steady decline in the ER flux, broadly similar to the MIR and the optical, is ongoing since roughly this time as well. The expansion velocity of the ER hotspots in the NIR is fully consistent with the optical. However, continuum emission forms roughly 70 per cent of the NIR luminosity, and is relatively stronger outside the hotspot-defined extent of the ER than the optical emission or NIR line emission since 2012--2013, suggesting a faster-expanding continuum component. We find that this outer NIR emission can have a significant synchrotron contribution. Even if emission from hot ($\sim$2000~K) dust is dominant within the ER, the mass of this dust must be vanishingly small (a few $\times10^{-12}$~M$_\odot$) compared to the total dust mass in the ER ($\gtrsim10^{-5}$~M$_\odot$) to account for the observed $HKs$ flux. The NIR continuum emission, however, expands slower than the more diffuse 180-K dust emission that dominates in the MIR, indicating a different source, and the same hot dust component cannot account for the $J$-band emission.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: Le Velocity-Based Training
title: les adaptations neuromusculaires à des seuils de perte de vitesse différents lors de l’exercice du squat
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Costa, Rafael
name: Lufaj, Arbias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: velocity-Based Training
subject: velocity Loss Threshold
subject: 1RM
subject: sprint
subject: countermovement Jump
subject: relation force-vitesse
subject: squat
subject: hesav TB Phy

description: Introduction: L’entrainement traditionnel est la méthode la plus utilisée lors d’un entrainement de force. Cependant, celle-ci présente des limites que le Velocity-Based Training (VBT), une méthode se basant sur la vitesse vient combler. Des seuils de perte de vitesse (VLT) peuvent être ajoutés à l’entrainement VBT. Le but de ce travail est de déterminer quel VLT est le plus efficace dans l’amélioration de la force et de la puissance lors de l’exercice du squat. Méthode: La recherche d’articles a été effectuée entre septembre 2021 et janvier 2022. Deux équations de recherche ont été insérées dans les bases de données CINHAL, PubMed et Embase. Des critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion ont été définis. La grille Modified Downs and Black a été utilisée pour évaluer la qualité méthodologique des études. Résultats: Sept articles correspondant au design de RCT ont été retenus. Aucun VLT ne semble montrer une significativité supérieure à un autre dans l’amélioration de la force. Concernant la puissance, trois études montrent une supériorité dans l’amélioration du Countermovement Jump en faveur des VLT les plus bas. Une étude affirme que le VLT10% est supérieur au VLT30% pour le sprint. Conclusion: Aucun consensus n’a été établi concernant l’efficacité d’un VLT par rapport à un autre. Néanmoins, la tendance est en faveur des VLT bas (10% - 20%). Plus efficients, ceux-ci mèneraient à des résultats similaires en termes de force et de puissance en comparaison aux VLT hauts.
Efficacité du balayage visuel sur les capacités fonctionnelles des patients héminégligents post-AVC
Creators: name: Bulliard, Cynthia
name: Quillet, Emma
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: balayage visuel
subject: négligence
subject: activités de la vie quotidienne
subject: l’échelle de Catherine Bergego
subject: mesure de l’indépendance fonctionnelle
subject: hesav TB Phy

description: Introduction : L’héminégligence est un trouble fréquent auquel un individu est confronté après un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC). Dans le but de diminuer l’héminégligence spatiale, le balayage visuel peut être mis en place. Toutefois, l’efficacité de cette thérapie sur les capacités fonctionnelles des patients héminégligents reste à être confirmée. Objectif : L’objectif de cette revue de la littérature est de déterminer l’efficacité du balayage visuel sur les capacités fonctionnelles des individus présentant une héminégligence spatiale après un accident vasculaire cérébrale. Méthodologie : La recherche d’articles s’est déroulée jusqu’en janvier 2022 sur les bases de données suivantes : PubMed, Embase et CINAHL. Une sélection a été effectuée grâce à des critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion correspondants à l’objectif de la revue. La mesure de l’indépendance fonctionnelle (MIF) et l’échelle de Catherine Bergego (CBS) ont été choisies afin d’évaluer les capacités fonctionnelles des individus. Résultats : Cette revue regroupe cinq articles comprenant un total de 118 participants. Le balayage visuel permet d’améliorer significativement les capacités fonctionnelles des patients héminégligents. Néanmoins, cette amélioration ne semble pas supérieure à celle obtenue par une autre intervention visant l’amélioration de l’héminégligence. Conclusion : Le balayage visuel permet une amélioration significative des capacités fonctionnelles des patients héminégligents, mais son efficacité ne semble pas supérieure à d’autres types de traitement. De futures recherches seraient nécessaire afin d’analyser une population issue d’un stade post-AVC spécifique (aiguë ou chronique).
Lymphangiogenesis and carcinoma in the uterine cervix: Joint and hierarchical models for random cluster sizes and continuous outcomes
Creators: name: Fanshawe, T. R.
name: Chapman, C. M.
name: Crick, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although the lymphatic system is clearly linked to the metastasis of most human carcinomas, the mechanisms by which lymphangiogenesis occurs in response to the presence of carcinoma remain unclear. Hierarchical models are presented to investigate the properties of lymphatic vessel production in 2997 fields taken from 20 individuals with invasive carcinoma, 21 individuals with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 21 controls. Such data demonstrate a high degree of correlation within tumour samples from the same individual. Joint hierarchical models utilising shared random effects are discussed and fitted in a Bayesian framework to allow for the correlation between two key outcome measures: a random cluster size (the number of lymphatic vessels in a tissue sample) and a continuous outcome (vessel size). Results show that invasive carcinoma samples are associated with increased production of smaller and more irregularly-shaped lymphatic vessels and suggest a mechanistic link between carcinoma of the cervix and lymphangiogenesis.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOAS867 in the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Blazar boosted Dark Matter -- direct detection constraints on $σ_{eχ}$ : Role of energy dependent cross sections
Creators: name: Bhowmick, Supritha
name: Ghosh, Diptimoy
name: Sachdeva, Divya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic collisions with relativistic electrons from the blazar's jet can accelerate dark matter (DM) particles in the DM spike surrounding the supermassive black hole at its center. This can allow one to set stringent limits on the DM-electron scattering cross section ($\barσ_{eχ}$) for DM masses less than 100 MeV. We consider DM particles boosted by energetic electrons in the jets of the blazars TXS 0506+056 and BL Lacertae. Both vector and scalar mediators for the scattering of electron and electrophilic fermionic DM are studied. We highlight that the ensuing energy dependency of the S-matrix for the corresponding Lorentz structure of the vertex significantly modifies the constraints. We find that the revised exclusion limits are orders of magnitude stronger than the equivalent results for the simple constant cross section assumption. Our limits are also assessed for the less cuspy spike.
description: Version accepted in JCAP
Prédiction de la récupération fonctionnelle du membre supérieur chez les personnes victimes d’un accident vasculaire cérébral
Creators: name: Blanchemanche, Lison
name: Jenni, Chloé
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: AVC
subject: prédiction
subject: récupération fonctionnelle
subject: membre supérieur
subject: hesav TB Phy

description: Introduction : La parésie du membre supérieur est l’une des déficiences les plus fréquentes après un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC). Cette atteinte est fortement reliée à l’incapacité fonctionnelle post-AVC. Pour guider les décisions concernant la rééducation, une prédiction précoce de la capacité de récupération du membre supérieur est nécessaire. Le but de cette revue de la littérature est de déterminer dans quelle mesure les outils d’évaluation physiothérapeutique permettent de prédire une récupération fonctionnelle du membre supérieur à six mois post-AVC. Méthodologie : Des recherches ont été effectuées dans les bases de données PubMed, Embase et PEDro. L’ensemble des variables cliniques quantifiables par des outils de mesure physiothérapeutique évaluées dans les deux premières semaines post-AVC ont été sélectionnées comme potentiels facteurs pronostiques. Le Action Research Arm Test et le Barthel Index ont été sélectionnés pour l’évaluation de la récupération fonctionnelle du membre supérieur à six mois. Résultats : Quatre études ont été retenues. Parmi les six modèles finaux, les facteurs pronostiques les plus spécifiques étaient la force du membre supérieur et du membre inférieur, l’élévation du moignon de l’épaule, l’abduction de l’épaule, l’extension et la sensibilité des doigts. Conclusion : La mesure de la force et de la sensibilité du membre supérieur atteint dans les deux semaines qui suivent l’AVC à l’aide du Motricity Index et du Two-Point Discrimination test permet d’élaborer un modèle adapté à une population présentant une atteinte fonctionnelle sévère. Cependant, davantage d’études prédictives utilisant des outils de mesure qui évaluent de manière précise la fonction du membre supérieur et définissent des valeurs seuils suffisamment élevées pour garantir une récupération fonctionnelle sont nécessaires.
The Role of Author Identities in Peer Review
Creators: name: Shah, Nihar B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is widespread debate on whether to anonymize author identities in peer review. The key argument for anonymization is to mitigate bias, whereas arguments against anonymization posit various uses of author identities in the review process. The Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science (ITCS) 2023 conference adopted a middle ground by initially anonymizing the author identities from reviewers, revealing them after the reviewer had submitted their initial reviews, and allowing the reviewer to change their review subsequently. We present an analysis of the reviews pertaining to the identification and use of author identities. Our key findings are: (I) A majority of reviewers self-report not knowing and being unable to guess the authors' identities for the papers they were reviewing. (II) After the initial submission of reviews, 7.1% of reviews changed their overall merit score and 3.8% changed their self-reported reviewer expertise. (III) There is a very weak and statistically insignificant correlation of the rank of authors' affiliations with the change in overall merit; there is a weak but statistically significant correlation with respect to change in reviewer expertise. We also conducted an anonymous survey to obtain opinions from reviewers and authors. The main findings from the 200 survey responses are: (i) A vast majority of participants favor anonymizing author identities in some form. (ii) The "middle-ground" initiative of ITCS 2023 was appreciated. (iii) Detecting conflicts of interest is a challenge that needs to be addressed if author identities are anonymized. Overall, these findings support anonymization of author identities in some form (e.g., as was done in ITCS 2023), as long as there is a robust and efficient way to check conflicts of interest.
Knot concordances and alternating knots
Creators: name: Friedl, Stefan
name: Livingston, Charles
name: Zentner, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: There is an infinitely generated free subgroup of the smooth knot concordance group with the property that no nontrivial element in this subgroup can be represented by an alternating knot. This subgroup has the further property that every element is represented by a topologically slice knot.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network for Identifying Hadronically Decayed Tau Leptons at the High Luminosity LHC
Creators: name: Huang, Andris
name: Ju, Xiangyang
name: Lyons, Jacob
name: Murnane, Daniel
name: Pettee, Mariel
name: Reed, Landon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new algorithm that identifies reconstructed jets originating from hadronic decays of tau leptons against those from quarks or gluons. No tau lepton reconstruction algorithm is used. Instead, the algorithm represents jets as heterogeneous graphs with tracks and energy clusters as nodes and trains a Graph Neural Network to identify tau jets from other jets. Different attributed graph representations and different GNN architectures are explored. We propose to use differential track and energy cluster information as node features and a heterogeneous sequentially-biased encoding for the inputs to final graph-level classification.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Comparaison de l’effet de la position tripode et du décubitus ventral sur le volume pulmonaire en fin d’expiration chez des volontaires sains
Creators: name: Autunno, Elsa
name: Sacchettini, Delia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: positionnement
subject: tomographie par impédance électrique
subject: volume pulmonaire en fin d’expiration
subject: recrutement
subject: confort
subject: décubitus ventral
subject: position tripode
subject: hesav TB Phy

description: Introduction : Le décubitus ventral (DV), habituellement utilisé chez des patients intubés, ventilés et sédatés, a été appliqué chez des patients éveillés, non intubés en ventilation spontanée, dans le but de prévenir ou retarder l’intubation lors de la crise du Covid-19. De nombreux patients conscients ne tolérant pas le DV, des équipes ont recherché et proposé une alternative : la position tripode. Objectif : L’objectif principal de cette étude est de comparer l’effet du décubitus ventral et de la position tripode sur le volume pulmonaire en fin d’expiration chez des volontaires sains. Méthode : L’expérimentation s’est déroulée en 5 séquences durant lesquelles les sujets ont été positionnés dans 3 positions différentes : le décubitus dorsal (DD), le décubitus ventral et la position tripode (T). Chaque position a été maintenue pendant 10 minutes. Le volume pulmonaire en fin d’expiration a été mesuré durant les deux dernières minutes par une tomographie par impédance électrique. Résultats : Les 10 volontaires sains inclus étaient âgés de 23,4 ± 2,9 ans avec un IMC de 21,3 ± 1,2kg/m2. Le changement de position DD-T montre une augmentation significative (p < 0,001) du volume pulmonaire en fin d’expiration, alors qu’il n’existe aucune différence significative pour le changement de position DD-DV. La variation d’impédance en fin d’expiration du changement de position DD-T est significativement plus importante que celle observée lors du changement de position DD-DV (p < 0,001). Conclusion : L’amélioration significative du changement de position DD-T sur le volume pulmonaire en fin d’expiration donne une perspective prometteuse à la position tripode.
A method to achieve rapid localised deep heating in a laser irradiated solid density target
Creators: name: Schmitz, Holger
name: Robinson, Alex P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid heating of small buried regions by laser generated fast electrons may be useful for applications such as XUV radiation sources or as drivers for shock experiments. In non-structured targets the heating profile possesses a global maximum near the front surface. This paper presents a new target design that uses resistive guiding to concentrate the fast electron current density at a finite depth inside the target. The choice of geometry uses principles of non-imaging optics. A global temperature maximum at depths up to 50μm into the target is achieved. Although theoretical calculations suggest that small source sizes should perform better than large ones, simulations show that a large angular spread at high intensities results in significant losses of the fast electrons to the sides. A systematic parameter scan suggests an optimal laser intensity. A ratio of 1.6 is demonstrated between the maximum ion temperature and the ion temperature at the front surface.
On second-order combinatorial algebraic time-delay interferometry
Creators: name: Qian, Wei-Liang
name: Wang, Pan-Pan
name: Wu, Zhang-Qi
name: Shao, Cheng-Gang
name: Wang, Bin
name: Yue, Rui-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the combinatorial algebraic approach proposed by Dhurandhar {\it et al.}, we propose two novel classes of second-generation time-delay interferometry (TDI) solutions and their further generalization. The primary strategy of the algorithm is to enumerate specific types of residual laser frequency noise associated with second-order commutators in products of time-displacement operators. The derivations are based on analyzing the delay time residual when expanded in time derivatives of the armlengths order by order. It is observed that the solutions obtained by such a scheme are primarily captured by the geometric TDI approach and therefore possess an intuitive interpretation. Nonetheless, the fully-symmetric Sagnac and Sagnac-inspired combinations inherit the properties from the original algebraic approach, and subsequently lie outside of the scope of geometric TDI. We explicitly show that novel solutions, distinct from existing ones in terms of both algebraic structure and sensitivity curve, are encountered. Moreover, at its lowest order, the solution is furnished by commutators of relatively compact form. Besides the original Michelson-type solution, we elaborate on other types of solutions such as the Monitor, Beacon, Relay, Sagnac, fully-symmetric Sagnac, and Sagnac-inspired ones. The average response functions, residual noise power spectral density, and sensitivity curves are evaluated for the obtained solutions. Also, the relations between the present scheme and other existing algorithms are discussed.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Traumatic Spatio-Temporality in Kazuo Ishiguro's Novels
Creators: name: Calinescu, Amalia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 520404
subject: Memory and attention
classificationCode: 520401
subject: Cognition
classificationCode: 520402
subject: Decision making
classificationCode: 470504
subject: British and Irish literature

description: The current study proposes an overview of Kazuo Ishiguro's novels from a psychological perspective on the distorted nature of the characters' spatio-temporal perception with the overall purpose of proving their therapeutic potential. Owing to his ability to write elliptically about the human condition, Ishiguro's works possess a magnetic power that can draw the reader towards their core from a subconscious dimension hard to put into linguistic forms. Their hybrid nature thus allows the author to explore delicate themes with such an emotional candour that it is hard not to accept their universal preponderance and let go of the denial or reactive mode that falsely ensures human survival. In short, for all their narrative audacity, and sometimes awkwardness, Ishiguro's novels speak directly to the reader's psyche, which makes them impossible to erase from the mind, even when their form proves quite incongruent with the reader's conscious expectations. Overtly or otherwise, and in accordance with Cathy Caruth's psycho-literary beliefs, the Ishigurian reader is willing to redress their spatio-temporal perception for the betterment of their life.
A degeneration approach to Skoda's Division Theorem
Creators: name: Albesiano, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32L10, 32E10, 32G08, 32F32

description: We prove a Skoda-type division theorem via a degeneration argument. The proof is inspired by B. Berndtsson and L. Lempert's approach to the $L^2$ extension theorem and is based on positivity of direct image bundles. The same tools are then used to slightly simplify and extend the proof of the $L^2$ extension theorem given by Berndtsson and Lempert.
description: 17 pages
Accuracy of ghost-rotationally-invariant slave-boson and dynamical mean field theory as a function of the impurity-model bath size
Creators: name: Lee, Tsung-Han
name: Lanatà, Nicola
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the accuracy of the ghost-rotationally-invariant slave-boson (g-RISB) theory and dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) on the single-band Hubbard model, as a function of the number of bath sites in the embedding impurity Hamiltonian. Our benchmark calculations confirm that the accuracy of g-RISB can be systematically improved by increasing the number of bath sites, similar to DMFT. With a few bath sites, we observe that g-RISB is systematically more accurate than DMFT for the ground-state observables. On the other hand, the relative accuracy of these methods is generally comparable for the quasiparticle weight and the spectral function. As expected, we observe that g-RISB satisfies the variational principle in infinite dimensions, as the total energy decreases monotonically towards the exact value as a function of the number of bath sites, suggesting that the g-RISB wavefunction may approach the exact ground state in infinite dimensions. Our results suggest that the g-RISB is a promising method for first principle simulations of strongly correlated matter, which can capture the behavior of both static and dynamical observables, at a relatively low computational cost.
Markov duality and Bethe ansatz formula for half-line open ASEP
Creators: name: Barraquand, Guillaume
name: Corwin, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a Markov duality satisfied by ASEP on the integer line, we deduce a similar Markov duality for half-line open ASEP and open ASEP on a segment. This leads to closed systems of ODEs characterizing observables of the models. In the half-line case, we solve the system of ODEs using Bethe ansatz and prove an integral formula for $q$-moments of the current at $n$ distinct spatial locations. We then use this formula to confirm predictions for the moments of the multiplicative noise stochastic heat equation on $\mathbb R_{>0}$ with Robin type boundary condition and we obtain new formulas in the case of a Dirichlet boundary condition.
description: 36 pages. v3: Accepted version. We added Corollaries 2.8, 2.10 and 3.5
Data Augmentation and Classification of Sea-Land Clutter for Over-the-Horizon Radar Using AC-VAEGAN
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaoxuan
name: Wang, Zengfu
name: Lu, Kun
name: Pan, Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In the sea-land clutter classification of sky-wave over-the-horizon-radar (OTHR), the imbalanced and scarce data leads to a poor performance of the deep learning-based classification model. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network~(AC-GAN) architecture, namely auxiliary classifier variational autoencoder generative adversarial network (AC-VAEGAN). AC-VAEGAN can synthesize higher quality sea-land clutter samples than AC-GAN and serve as an effective tool for data augmentation. Specifically, a 1-dimensional convolutional AC-VAEGAN architecture is designed to synthesize sea-land clutter samples. Additionally, an evaluation method combining both traditional evaluation of GAN domain and statistical evaluation of signal domain is proposed to evaluate the quality of synthetic samples. Using a dataset of OTHR sea-land clutter, both the quality of the synthetic samples and the performance of data augmentation of AC-VAEGAN are verified. Further, the effect of AC-VAEGAN as a data augmentation method on the classification performance of imbalanced and scarce sea-land clutter samples is validated. The experiment results show that the quality of samples synthesized by AC-VAEGAN is better than that of AC-GAN, and the data augmentation method with AC-VAEGAN is able to improve the classification performance in the case of imbalanced and scarce sea-land clutter samples.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures
Two-Phase Flow Simulations of Surface Waves in Wind-Forced Conditions
Creators: name: Loft, Malte
name: Kühl, Niklas
name: Buckley, Marc P.
name: Carpenter, Jeffrey R.
name: Hinze, Michael
name: Veron, Fabrice
name: Rung, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper is devoted to two-phase flow simulations and investigates the ability of a diffusive interface Cahn-Hilliard Volume-of-Fluid model to capture the dynamics of the air-sea interface at geophysically relevant Reynolds numbers. It employs a hybrid filtered/averaging Improved Detached Eddy Simulation method to model turbulence, and utilizes a continuum model to account for surface tension if the diffuse interface is under-resolved by the grid. A numerical wind-wave tank is introduced to limit computational costs and results obtained for two wind-wave conditions are analyzed in comparison to experimental data at matched Reynolds numbers. The focus of the comparison is on both time-averaged and wave-coherent quantities, and includes pressure, velocity as well as modeled and resolved Reynolds stresses. In general, numerical predictions agree well with the experimental measurements and reproduce many wave-dependent flow features. Reynolds stresses near the water surface are found to be especially important in modulating the critical layer height. It is concluded that the diffusive interface approach proves to be a promising method for future studies of air-sea interface dynamics in geophysically relevant flows.
Psilus aquilonius Muesebeck 1980
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mymaridae
Psilus
Psilus aquilonius

description: Psilus aquilonius Muesebeck, 1980: 4, 6, 8, figs 1-1a, 4, 23, 34, 43-44, 61.
Valid name
Psilus aquilonius Muesebeck, 1980.
Summary of types
Paratype ♂.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 84, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Machine Learning technique for isotopic determination of radioisotopes using HPGe $\mathrmγ$-ray spectra
Creators: name: Khatiwada, Ajeeta
name: Klasky, Marc
name: Lombardi, Marcie
name: Matheny, Jason
name: Mohan, Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: $\mathrmγ$-ray spectroscopy is a quantitative, non-destructive technique that may be utilized for the identification and quantitative isotopic estimation of radionuclides. Traditional methods of isotopic determination have various challenges that contribute to statistical and systematic uncertainties in the estimated isotopics. Furthermore, these methods typically require numerous pre-processing steps, and have only been rigorously tested in laboratory settings with limited shielding. In this work, we examine the application of a number of machine learning based regression algorithms as alternatives to conventional approaches for analyzing $\mathrmγ$-ray spectroscopy data in the Emergency Response arena. This approach not only eliminates many steps in the analysis procedure, and therefore offers potential to reduce this source of systematic uncertainty, but is also shown to offer comparable performance to conventional approaches in the Emergency Response Application.
An Optical-Fiber-Based Key for Remote Authentication of Users and Optical Fiber Lines
Creators: name: Yarovikov, Mikhail
name: Smirnov, Alexander
name: Zhdanova, Ekaterina
name: Gutor, Alexander
name: Vyatkin, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We have shown the opportunity to use the unique inhomogeneities of the internal structure of an optical fiber waveguide for remote authentication of users or an optic fiber line. Optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) is demonstrated to be applicable to observing unclonable backscattered signal patterns at distances of tens of kilometers. The physical nature of the detected patterns was explained, and their characteristic spatial periods were investigated. The patterns are due to the refractive index fluctuations of a standard telecommunication fiber. We have experimentally verified that the patterns are an example of a physically unclonable function (PUF). The uniqueness and reproducibility of the patterns have been demonstrated and an outline of authentication protocol has been proposed.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Simultaneous amplification and attenuation in isotropic chiral materials
Creators: name: Mackay, Tom G.
name: Lakhtakia, Akhlesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic field phasors in an isotropic chiral material (ICM) are superpositions of two Beltrami fields of different handedness. Application of the Bruggeman homogenization formalism to two-component composite materials delivers ICMs wherein Beltrami fields of one handedness attenuate whereas Beltrami waves of the other handedness amplify. One component material is a dissipative ICM, the other an active dielectric material.
title: La physiothérapie, une profession dominée par les femmes ?
title: une revue de la littérature au prisme des logiques de genre
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Anderegg, Melchior
name: Leboeuf, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: physiothérapie
subject: carrière
subject: sociologie du genre
subject: socialisation
subject: sport
subject: hesav TB Phy

description: Introduction : Le monde de la physiothérapie n’est pas exempté de logique de genre. On y retrouve une division sexuelle du travail. Objectifs : Explorer, à travers le prisme des logiques de genre, les mécanismes sociologiques en place dans la profession de physiothérapeute. Méthode : Après avoir établi une revue de la littérature, nous avons réalisé une extraction et une analyse des données par synthèse thématique. Celle-ci est fondée sur une analyse méthodique des résultats extraits des articles sélectionnés pour ensuite les regrouper par thème, et ainsi tenter d’apporter des éléments de réponse à notre problématique. Résultats : Trois principaux thèmes ont pu émerger, permettant une analyse structurée des données qualitatives extraites de nos six articles. Ces résultats seront présentés sous forme de synthèse reprenant ces trois thématiques. Discussion : Il y a bien une division de perspective de carrière selon une logique de genre. La disposition des femmes à emprunter une trajectoire paramédicale résulte de leur association au care alors que la disposition des hommes est plus orientée vers les postes à responsabilités et des domaines plus prestigieux tel que le sport. C’est ainsi que le sport permet de légitimer l’entrée des hommes dans la physiothérapie. Conclusion : Il existe bien des rapports de domination au sein de la physiothérapie, en termes de place occupée au sein de la profession.
On the noise induced by the measurement of the THz electrical current in quantum devices
Creators: name: Marian, Damiano
name: Zanghì, Nino
name: Oriols, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From a quantum point of view, it is mandatory to include the measurement process when predicting the time-evolution of a quantum system. In this paper, a model to treat the measurement of the (TeraHertz) THz electrical current in quantum devices is presented. The explicit interaction of a quantum system with an external measuring apparatus is analyzed through the unambiguous notion of the Bohmian conditional wave function, the wave function of a subsystem. It it shown that such THz quantum measurement process can be modeled as a weak measurement: The systems suffers a small perturbation due to the apparatus, but the current is measured with a great uncertainty. This uncertainty implies that a new source of noise appears at THz frequencies. Numerical (quantum Monte Carlo) experiments are performed confirming the weak character of this measurement. This work also indicates that at low frequencies this noise is negligible and it can be ignored. From a classical point of view, the origin of this noise due to the measurement at THz frequencies can be attributed to the plasmonic effect of those electrons at the contacts (by interpreting the contacts themselves as part of the measuring apparatus).
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Polarization of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect: relativistic imprint of thermal and non-thermal plasma
Creators: name: Emritte, M. S.
name: Colafrancesco, S.
name: Marchegiani, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] Inverse Compton scattering of CMB fluctuations off cosmic electron plasma generates a polarization of the associated Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. This signal has been studied so far mostly in the non-relativistic regime and for a thermal electron population and, as such, has limited astrophysical applications. Partial attempts to extend this calculation for a thermal electron plasma in the relativistic regime have been done but cannot be applied to a general relativistic electron distribution. Here we derive a general form of the SZ effect polarization valid in the full relativistic approach for both thermal and non-thermal electron plasmas, as well as for a generic combination of various electron population co-spatially distributed in the environments of galaxy clusters or radiogalaxy lobes. We derive the spectral shape of the Stokes parameters induced by the IC scattering of every CMB multipole, focusing on the CMB quadrupole and octupole that provide the largest detectable signals in galaxy clusters. We found that the CMB quadrupole induced Stoke parameter Q is always positive with a maximum amplitude at 216 GHz which increases slightly with increasing cluster temperature. The CMB octupole induced Q spectrum shows, instead, a cross-over frequency which depends on the cluster electron temperature, or on the minimum momentum p_1 as well as on the power-law spectral index of a non-thermal electron population. We discuss some possibilities to disentangle the quadrupole-induced Q spectrum from the octupole-induced one which allow to measure these quantities through the SZ effect polarization. We finally apply our model to the realistic case of the Bullet cluster and derive the visibility windows of the total, quandrupole-induced and octupole-induced Stoke parameter Q in the frequency ranges accessible to SKA, ALMA, MILLIMETRON and CORE++ experiments.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures, submitted to JCAP
Sunburst quantum Ising model under interaction quench: entanglement and role of initial state coherence
Creators: name: Mitra, Akash
name: Srivastava, Shashi C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of an isolated bipartite quantum system, the sunburst quantum Ising model, under interaction quench. The pre-quench limit of this model is two non-interacting integrable systems, namely a transverse ising chain and finite number of isolated qubits. As a function of interaction strength, the spectral fluctuation property goes from Poisson to Wigner-Dyson statistics. We chose entanglement entropy as a probe to study the approach to thermalization or lack of it in post-quench dynamics. In the near-integrable limit, as expected, the linear entropy displays oscillatory behavior while in the chaotic limit, it saturates. Along with the chaotic nature of the time evolution generator, we show the importance of the role played by the coherence of the initial state in deciding the nature of thermalization. We further show that these findings are general by replacing the Ising ring with a disordered $XXZ$ model with disorder strength putting it in the many-body localized phase.
Non-homogeneous approximation for the kurtosis evolution of shoaling rogue waves
Creators: name: Mendes, Saulo
name: Kasparian, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bathymetric changes have been experimentally shown to affect the occurrence of rogue waves. We recently derived a non-homogeneous correction to the spectral analysis, allowing to describe the evolution of the rogue wave probability over a shoal. Here, we extend this work to the evolution of the excess kurtosis of the surface elevation, that plays a central role in estimating rare event probabilities. Furthermore, we provide an upper bound to the excess kurtosis. In intermediate and deep water regimes, a shoal does not affect wave steepness nor bandwidth significantly, so that the vertical asymmetry between crests and troughs, the excess kurtosis, and the exceedance probability of wave height stay rather constant. In contrast, in shallower water, a sharp increase in wave steepness increases the vertical asymmetry, resulting in a growth of both the tail of the exceedance probability and the excess kurtosis.
Resonant triad interactions of gravity waves in cylindrical basins
Creators: name: Durey, Matthew
name: Milewski, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present the results of a theoretical investigation into the existence, evolution and excitation of resonant triads of nonlinear free-surface gravity waves confined to a cylinder of finite depth. It is well known that resonant triads are impossible for gravity waves in laterally unbounded domains; we demonstrate, however, that horizontal confinement of the fluid may induce resonant triads for particular fluid depths. For any three correlated wave modes arising in a cylinder of arbitrary cross-section, we prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a depth at which nonlinear resonance may arise, and show that the resultant critical depth is unique. We enumerate the low-frequency triads for circular cylinders, including a new class of resonances between standing and counter-propagating waves, and also briefly discuss annular and rectangular cylinders. Upon deriving the triad amplitude equations for a finite-depth cylinder of arbitrary cross-section, we deduce that the triad evolution is always periodic, and determine parameters controlling the efficiency of energy exchange. In order to excite a particular triad, we explore the influence of external forcing; in this case, the triad evolution may be periodic, quasi-periodic, or chaotic. Finally, our results have potential implications on resonant water waves in man-made and natural basins, such as industrial-scale fluid tanks, harbours and bays.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures
The Two Point Function of the SK Model without External Field at High Temperature
Creators: name: Brennecke, Christian
name: Schertzer, Adrien
name: Xu, Changji
name: Yau, Horng-Tzer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the two point correlation matrix $ \textbf{M}= (\langle σ_i σ_j\rangle)_{1\leq i,j\leq N} $ of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with zero external field satisfies
 \[ \lim_{N\to\infty} \| \textbf{M} - ( 1+β^2 - β\textbf{G})^{-1} \|_{\text{op}} =0 \] in probability, in the full high temperature regime $β< 1$. Here, $\textbf{G}$ denotes the GOE interaction matrix of the model.
description: 47 pages; substantially revised version accepted for publication in Prob. Math. Phys
Recovering source location, polarization, and shape of obstacle from elastic scattering data
Creators: name: Chang, Yan
name: Guo, Yukun
name: Liu, Hongyu
name: Zhang, Deyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider an inverse elastic scattering problem of simultaneously reconstructing a rigid obstacle and the excitation sources using near-field measurements. A two-phase numerical method is proposed to achieve the co-inversion of multiple targets. In the first phase, we develop several indicator functionals to determine the source locations and the polarizations from the total field data, and then we manage to obtain the approximate scattered field. In this phase, only the inner products of the total field with the fundamental solutions are involved in the computation, and thus it is direct and computationally efficient. In the second phase, we propose an iteration method of Newton's type to reconstruct the shape of the obstacle from the approximate scattered field. Using the layer potential representations on an auxiliary curve inside the obstacle, the scattered field together with its derivative on each iteration surface can be easily derived. Theoretically, we establish the uniqueness of the co-inversion problem and analyze the indicating behavior of the sampling-type scheme. An explicit derivative is provided for the Newton-type method. Numerical results are presented to corroborate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures