cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Science beliefs, political ideology, and cognitive sophistication
Creators: name: McPhetres, Jonathon
name: Pennycook, Gordon
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain why individuals hold pro- or anti-science beliefs. Some models focus on the role of political ideology and motivated reasoning, arguing that greater cognitive sophistication enables individuals to interpret evidence in an identity-consistent manner. Other models focus on the roles of basic science knowledge and cognitive sophistication, arguing that more general science knowledge and greater cognitive sophistication facilitate pro-science beliefs. To test these competing accounts, we identified a large range of controversial issues that are ostensibly subject to ideological disagreement and examined the relative roles of political ideology, science knowledge, and cognitive sophistication. Our results, which are consistent across two different nationally representative samples of Americans (N = 1,709), indicate that a combination of basic science knowledge and cognitive sophistication contribute more to science beliefs about various topics than political ideology. Furthermore, we found limited evidence for identity-protective cognition (i.e., motivated reasoning). By investigating a broad array of science-related beliefs, our results adjudicate between four accounts of science attitudes and suggest that educators and policymakers should focus on increasing basic science literacy and critical thinking instead of focusing on the ideological factors that divide people.
title: The relationship of lipid profile and the presence of high risk plaque at coronary CT angiography
Creators: name: Tomizawa, Nobuo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Cardiac

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Coronary CT angiography is an effective method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Previously published guidelines show that low to intermediate risk of CAD is an appropriate criteria for the use of coronary CT [1]. Several methods...
The Impact of Food Insecurity on the Weight of Young Children
Creators: name: Orr, Colin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Objectives: We sought to examine if there are differences in child weight status, parental feeding behavior, weight perception and attitudes based on a family’s food security status in a diverse sample of young children. Methods/Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 24 month old children enrolled in both arms of Greenlight, a cluster randomized trial to prevent childhood obesity at 4 academic pediatric resident clinics.  The exposure was a family’s food security status using a validated 2-item screen.  Food insecurity was defined as a positive response to at least one of the screening questions.  Families were dichotomized into food secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) households.  The outcome of interest was parental feeding behaviors, attitudes and weight perception measured using the validated Childhood Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ).  The 7 domains of the CFQ were treated as continuous variables with household food security status as a dichotomous variable.  T-test and linear regression were used to assess associations and we adjusted for education, employment, site, number of children in the home, WIC status and race/ethnicity.Results: Of the 509 Greenlight families assessed at their two year preventive health services visit, 37% were identified as food insecure.  In the adjusted model there was no difference in proportion of overweight/obese patients or caregivers based on food security status. In the adjusted model, FI households were more likely to be worried about their child becoming overweight (p=0.039) and more likely to display pressuring feeding behaviors (p=0.0087) compared to FS households. No difference in restricting and monitoring parental feeding behaviors was observed.  Additionally, there was no difference in perceived parental responsibility for feeding by observed or perceived parental weight.  Conclusions:  Our study found no difference in overweight or obesity based on simultaneous food security status.  However, interestingly, FI households were more concerned about their children becoming overweight/obese and more likely to pressure feed.   Further research is needed to confirm these findings in other settings and provide reasons for these seemingly contradictory simultaneous findings, especially given the high rates of FI in academic clinic settings.
title: DWI as a quantitative biomarker in dynamically predicting therapeutic efficacy on gastric cancer lymph nodes metastases
Creators: name: Zhong, Jinman
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: MR
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths following lung cancer [1-4]. Although surgery is the pivotal curative treatment for GC [5-7], the optimal extent of LNs dissection remains one of the most controversial issues...
title: The impact of grey-scale inversion on nodule detection in an anthropomorphic chest phantom: a free-response observer study
Creators: name: Hogg, Peter
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Perception image
subject: Observer performance
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: It has been suggested that optimal contrast perception of the human visual system is achieved when an image is presented in an inverted state [1]. Previous work has assessed the value of grey-scale inversion for the detection of pulmonary nodules...
title: A prospective semi quantitative study to assess patient’s pain relief following steroid injections for greater trochanteric pain syndrome.
Creators: name: Larkman, Neal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Extremities
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) is defined as focal tenderness over the greater trochanter and is a result of a range of conditions which can cause inflammation of the underlying anatomical structures. These include, but are not limited...
Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution
Creators: name: Marasco, Wayne A.
name: Sheehan, Jared
name: Graham, Rachel L.
name: Jiao, Yongjun
name: Peterson, Eric C.
name: Stanhope, Jeremy
name: Tallarico, Amy St. Clair
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Zhu, Quan
name: Agnihothram, Sudhakar
name: Avnir, Yuval
name: Tang, Xian-Chun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The newly emerging Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-like disease with ∼43% mortality. Given the recent detection of virus in dromedary camels, zoonotic transfer of MERS-CoV to humans is suspected. In addition, little is known about the role of human neutralizing Ab (nAb) pressure as a driving force in MERS-CoV adaptive evolution. Here, we used a well-characterized nonimmune human Ab-phage library and a panning strategy with proteoliposomes and cells to identify seven human nAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the MERS-CoV Spike protein. These nAbs bind to three different epitopes in the RBD and human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) interface with subnanomolar/nanomolar binding affinities and block the binding of MERS-CoV Spike protein with its hDPP4 receptor. Escape mutant assays identified five amino acid residues that are critical for neutralization escape. Despite the close proximity of the three epitopes on the RBD interface, escape from one epitope did not have a major impact on neutralization with Abs directed to a different epitope. Importantly, the majority of escape mutations had negative impacts on hDPP4 receptor binding and viral fitness. To our knowledge, these results provide the first report on human nAbs against MERS-CoV that may contribute to MERS-CoV clearance and evolution. Moreover, in the absence of a licensed vaccine or antiviral for MERS, this panel of nAbs offers the possibility of developing human mAb-based immunotherapy, especially for health-care workers.
title: Design of a temporal filter to optimize the quantification of vascular parameters in pharmacokinetic modeling of high-resolution DCE-MR images
Creators: name: Marti-Bonmati, Luis
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Cancer
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Oncology
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Computer applications

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Kinetic analysis of DCE-MR images requires high temporal resolution. Due to the difficult balance between spatial and temporal resolution in MR images, this requirement usually leads to noisy uptake curves. When applying numerical fitting methods to...
Exposure Opportunity: The Advantages of Including Men in Analyses of Female-Related Risk Factors
Creators: name: Van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid
name: Rosendaal, Frits R.
name: Vandenbroucke, Jan P.
name: Poole, Charles
name: Rozemeijer, Kirsten
name: Le Cessie, Saskia
name: Cannegieter, Suzanne C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Intuitively, researchers do not include subjects who do not have the opportunity to be exposed, such as men in studies on oral contraceptives (OCs). We aimed to explore in which situations it is nevertheless beneficial to do so. We considered the effect of including men in case-control analyses of 8 different hypothetical data sets on the effect of OC use and venous thrombosis. In all scenarios, OC use was the exposure of interest, sex the factor that determined exposure opportunity, and air travel another risk factor. In some of these scenarios, sex and air travel were included as confounders or effect modifiers. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. Standard errors of the estimated log odds ratios, including and excluding men, were compared. We also studied the effect of including men using data from 1999–2004 from a case-control study on risk factors for venous thrombosis, conducted in the Netherlands. In all hypothetical examples, and in the real-data study, addition of men to the analysis yielded the same odds ratios when correctly adjusting for confounding. Moreover, use of additional subjects often led to more precise estimates. We suggest that subjects who do not have the opportunity to be exposed should not routinely be excluded from epidemiologic studies.
title: Relationship between 21-gene Recurrence Score assay and BIRADS imaging descriptors in women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-), node-negative (N0) breast cancer
Creators: name: LERMA GALLARDO, JOSÉ LUIS
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Statistics
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Breast cancer is a group of heterogeneous diseases with diverse morphological appearance, natural history and responsiveness to treatment [1]. It is known that the likelihood of distant recurrence and the magnitude of chemotherapy benefit in women...
Asteroid flux towards circumprimary habitable zones in binary star systems: I. Statistical Overview
Creators: name: Bancelin, D.
name: Pilat-Lohinger, E.
name: Eggl, S.
name: Maindl, T. I.
name: Schäfer, C.
name: Speith, R.
name: Dvorak, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: So far, multiple stellar systems harbor more than 130 extra solar planets. Dynamical simulations show that the outcome of planetary formation process can lead to various planetary architecture (i.e. location, size, mass and water content) when the star system is single or double. In the late phase of planetary formation, when embryo-sized objects dominate the inner region of the system, asteroids are also present and can provide additional material for objects inside the habitable zone (hereafter HZ). In this study, we make a comparison of several binary star systems and their efficiency to move icy asteroids from beyond the snow-line into orbits crossing the HZ. We modeled a belt of 10000 asteroids (remnants from the late phase of planetary formation process) beyond the snow-line. The planetesimals are placed randomly around the primary star and move under the gravitational influence of the two stars and a gas giant. As the planetesimals do not interact with each other, we divided the belt into 100 subrings which were separately integrated. In this statistical study, several double star configurations with a G-type star as primary are investigated. Our results show that small bodies also participate in bearing a non-negligible amount of water to the HZ. The proximity of a companion moving on an eccentric orbit increases the flux of asteroids to the HZ, which could result into a more efficient water transport on a short timescale, causing a heavy bombardment. In contrast to asteroids moving under the gravitational perturbations of one G-type star and a gas giant, we show that the presence of a companion star can not only favor a faster depletion of our disk of planetesimals but can also bring 4 -- 5 times more water into the whole HZ.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Epidemiologic Risk Factors for In Situ and Invasive Breast Cancers Among Postmenopausal Women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study
Creators: name: Love, Jeffrey
name: Falk, Roni
name: Khodr, Zeina G.
name: Brinton, Louise A.
name: Mullooly, Maeve
name: Sherman, Mark E.
name: Gierach, Gretchen L.
name: Liao, Linda M.
name: Dallal, Cher M.
name: Nyante, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Comparing risk factor associations between invasive breast cancers and possible precursors may further our understanding of factors related to initiation versus progression. Accordingly, among 190,325 postmenopausal participants in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (1995-2011), we compared the association between risk factors and incident ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; n = 1,453) with that of risk factors and invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 7,525); in addition, we compared the association between risk factors and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS; n = 186) with that of risk factors and invasive lobular carcinomas (n = 1,191). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. We used case-only multivariable logistic regression to test for heterogeneity in associations. Younger age at menopause was associated with a higher risk of DCIS but lower risks of LCIS and invasive ductal carcinomas (P for heterogeneity < 0.01). Prior breast biopsy was more strongly associated with the risk of LCIS than the risk of DCIS (P for heterogeneity = 0.04). Increased risks associated with use of menopausal hormone therapy were stronger for LCIS than DCIS (P for heterogeneity = 0.03) and invasive lobular carcinomas (P for heterogeneity < 0.01). Associations were similar for race, age at menarche, age at first birth, family history, alcohol consumption, and smoking status, which suggests that most risk factor associations are similar for in situ and invasive cancers and may influence early stages of tumorigenesis. The differential associations observed for various factors may provide important clues for understanding the etiology of certain breast cancers.
Health indices as tools to evaluate and monitor the health of children and adolescents: a scoping review
Creators: name: Selmani, Albulena
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This scoping review has two specific aims: [1] to identify and describe health indices that monitor and evaluate health of children and adolescents, and [2] a quality appraisal of identified indices that may guide the further choices and applications of these indices in particular settings.
title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of Developmental Displasia of Hip- DDH. Why? How? What does it mean?
Creators: name: Feldman, Dana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dysplasias
subject: Congenital
subject: Screening
subject: Normal variants
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Extremities
subject: Anatomy

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip- DDH - Overview How is the hip evaluationperformed? Ultrasound classification by...
title: CT dose reporting in a community hospital, with comparison to national values: what we learned, and how we can improve
Creators: name: Sandhu, Rasphal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Socio-economic issues
subject: Radiation safety
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The use of computed tomography (CT) for diagnostic imaging has increased significantly over the past decade.Although CT provides valuable diagnostic information, it is not without risk: Specifically, the long-term consequences of ionizing radiation...
Self-avoiding walks subject to a force
Creators: name: van Rensburg, EJ Janse
name: Whittington, SG
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B41, 82B80, 65C05

description: We prove some theorems about self-avoiding walks attached to an impenetrable surface (i.e. positive walks) and subject to a force. Specifically we show the force dependence of the free energy is identical when the force is applied at the last vertex or at the top (confining) plane. We discuss the relevance of this result to numerical results and to a recent result about convergence rates when the walk is being pushed towards the surface.
title: Does change in microcalcifications with neoadjuvant treatment correlate with pathologic tumor response?
Creators: name: Amitai, Yoav
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Breast
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: With the understanding of the importance of tumor response to systemic treatment, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) is increasingly being used in breast cancer patients[1-6]. In cases where breast cancer is associated with...
title: Optimizing z-axis coverage of abdominal CT scans of the urinary tract: a proposed alternative proximal landmark for acquisition planning.
Creators: name: Gervaise, Alban
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: CT
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Education and training

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Unenhanced Computed Tomography (CT) has become the gold standard for urinary tract imaging in patients with renal colic [1, 2]. It offers many advantages: availability, no injection of iodinated contrast medium and excellent diagnostic performance...
Radio detection of cosmic rays: present and future
Creators: name: Huege, T.
name: Haungs, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Digital radio detection of cosmic rays has made tremendous progress over the past decade. It has become increasingly clear where the potential --- but also the limitations --- of the technique lie. In this article, we discuss roads that could be followed in future radio detection efforts and try to evaluate the associated prospects and challenges.
description: Contribution to the Proceedings of the UHECR2014 conference, Springdale, UT; to be published in JPS Conf. Proc
Maternal Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide, Intake of Methyl Nutrients, and Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring
Creators: name: Carmichael, Suzan L.
name: Luben, Thomas J.
name: Olshan, Andrew F.
name: Correa, Adolfo
name: Gilboa, Suzanne M.
name: Botto, Lorenzo D.
name: Aylsworth, Arthur S.
name: Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer
name: Stingone, Jeanette A.
name: Langlois, Peter H.
name: Nembhard, Wendy N.
name: Shaw, Gary M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Nutrients that regulate methylation processes may modify susceptibility to the effects of air pollutants. Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (United States, 1997-2006) were used to estimate associations between maternal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dietary intake of methyl nutrients, and the odds of congenital heart defects in offspring. NO2 concentrations, a marker of traffic-related air pollution, averaged across postconception weeks 2-8, were assigned to 6,160 nondiabetic mothers of cases and controls using inverse distance-squared weighting of air monitors within 50 km of maternal residences. Intakes of choline, folate, methionine, and vitamins B6 and B12 were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Hierarchical regression models, which accounted for similarities across defects, were constructed, and relative excess risks due to interaction were calculated. Relative to women with the lowest NO2 exposure and high methionine intake, women with the highest NO2 exposure and lowest methionine intake had the greatest odds of offspring with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (odds ratio = 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.74, 6.01; relative excess risk due to interaction = 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.39, 3.92). Considerable departure from additivity was not observed for other defects. These results provide modest evidence of interaction between nutrition and NO2 exposure during pregnancy.
Facebook 2020 Election Research Project: Ad Removal Experiment
Creators: name: Pan, Jennifer
name: Thorson, Emily
name: Gentzkow, Matthew
name: Gonzalez-Bailon, Sandra
name: Deen Freelon
name: Nyhan, Brendan J.
name: Tenorio, Adriana Crespo
name: Malhotra, Neil
name: Wynter, Thomas
name: Guess, Andrew
name: Lazer, David
name: Velasco, Carlos
name: Iyengar, Shanto
name: Barbera, Pablo
name: Devra Moehler
name: Settle, Jaime
name: Wojcieszak, Magdalena
name: Kim, Young Mie
name: Persily, Nate
name: Hunt Allcott
name: Stroud, Talia
name: Wilkins, Arjun
name: Franco, Annie
name: Winter Mason
name: Tromble, Rebekah
name: De Jonge, Chad Kiewiet
name: Tucker, Joshua A.
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This is a pre-analysis plan for the Facebook 2020 Election Research Project ad removal experiment.
Wilson and Ross (2001) Replication & Extension
Creators: name: Feldman, Gilad
name: Perks, Xing
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: judgment and decision making
subject: replication
subject: self appraisal
subject: temporal distance

description: Please see pre-registration folder for Qualtrics survey and very detailed pre-registration with simulated random dataset and analysis code attached.
Relativistic ponderomotive Hamiltonian of a Dirac particle in a vacuum laser field
Creators: name: Ruiz, D. E.
name: Ellison, C. L.
name: Dodin, I. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a point-particle ponderomotive model of a Dirac electron oscillating in a high-frequency field. Starting from the Dirac Lagrangian density, we derive a reduced phase-space Lagrangian that describes the relativistic time-averaged dynamics of such a particle in a geometrical-optics laser pulse propagating in vacuum. The pulse is allowed to have an arbitrarily large amplitude (provided radiation damping and pair production are negligible) and a wavelength comparable to the particle de Broglie wavelength. The model captures the Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi (BMT) spin dynamics, the Stern-Gerlach spin-orbital coupling, the conventional ponderomotive forces, and the interaction with large-scale background fields. Agreement with the BMT spin precesison equation is shown numerically. The commonly known theory in which ponderomotive effects are incorporated in the particle effective mass is reproduced as a special case when the spin-orbital coupling is negligible. This model could be useful for studying laser-plasma interactions in relativistic spin-$1/2$ plasmas.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Relationships between gray matter structure and reading ability in a large, diverse sample: Testing age- and sex-specific effects
Creators: name: Perdue, Meaghan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Developmental Neuroscience
subject: Cognitive Neuroscience
subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Pre-registration abstract for poster presentation at Flux 2020 Virtual Congress (Sept. 2020)
title: Subarachnoid haemorrhage- causes and diagnoses
Creators: name: Koković, Tijana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Emergency

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Is to demonstrate the most common causes of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) through illustrative cases; to point on complication of subarachnoid haemorrhage, diagnostic modalities and treatments that are applied in daily clinical...
title: Adenovirus pneumonia: Thin-Section CT Findings in 104 immunocompetent patients
Creators: name: Park, Chankue
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Infection
subject: Perception image
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Human adenoviruses are important pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Although the prevalence of adenovirus-associated CAP is relatively low (1–4%), it is readily transmittable...
Dualising consistent IIA / IIB truncations
Creators: name: Malek, Emanuel
name: Samtleben, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use exceptional field theory to establish a duality between certain consistent 7-dimensional truncations with maximal SUSY from IIA to IIB. We use this technique to obtain new consistent truncations of IIB on $S^3$ and $H^{p,q}$ and work out the explicit reduction formulas in the internal sector. We also present uplifts for other gaugings of 7-d maximal SUGRA, including theories with a trombone gauging. Some of the latter can only be obtained by a non-geometric compactification.
description: 27 pages; v2: minor typos and references corrected, published version (JHEP)
Comparison of CO2 trapping in highly heterogeneous reservoirs with Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten type capillary pressure curves
Creators: name: Gershenzon, Naum I.
name: Ritzi, Robert W.
name: Dominic, David F.
name: Mehnert, Edward
name: Okwen, Roland T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geological heterogeneities essentially affect the dynamics of a CO2 plume in subsurface environments. Previously we showed how the dynamics of a CO2 plume is influenced by the multi-scale stratal architecture in deep saline reservoirs. The results strongly suggest that representing small-scale features is critical to understanding capillary trapping processes. Here we present the result of simulation of CO2 trapping using two different conventional approaches, i.e. Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten, for the capillary pressure curves. We showed that capillary trapping and dissolution rates are very different for the Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten approaches when heterogeneity and hysteresis are both represented.
description: 10 pages 6 figures
title: Small bowell obstruction: an easy diagnostic approach for beginners
Creators: name: Caballeros, Fanny
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Acute
subject: Education
subject: Complications
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Small bowel
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen
subject: Obstruction / Occlusion

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review the main imaging findings of a small bowel obstruction. To identify the most frequent causes of mechanical obstruction with different imaging techniques: conventional radiography and CT. To help recognize its most frequent complications...
MeRis-UniBH - Cenarística - Via Marketplace - 2022-02
Creators: name: Adriano, Leandro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Business information management (incl. records, knowledge and intelligence)

description: Autores: João Vitor Viana Santos, Letícia Maria Mendes Carneiro e Mayra Tammer Rodrigues Silva - UniBH, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 2022
Stealing the Gas: Giant Impacts and the Large Diversity in Exoplanet Densities
Creators: name: Inamdar, Niraj K.
name: Schlichting, Hilke E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although current sensitivity limits are such that true Solar System analogs remain challenging to detect, numerous planetary systems have been discovered that are very different from our own Solar System. The majority of systems harbor a new class of planets, bodies that are typically several times more massive than the Earth but that orbit their host stars well inside the orbit of Mercury. These planets frequently show evidence for large Hydrogen and Helium envelopes containing several percent of the planet's mass and display a large diversity in mean densities. Here we show that this wide range can be achieved by one or two late giant impacts, which are frequently needed to achieve long-term orbital stability in multiple planet systems once the gas disk has disappeared. We demonstrate using hydrodynamical simulations that a single collision between similarly sized exoplanets can easily reduce the envelope-to-core-mass ratio by a factor of two and show that this leads to a corresponding increase in the observed mean density by factors of 2-3. In addition we investigate how envelope-mass-loss depends on envelope mass, planet radius, semi-major axis, and the mass distribution inside the envelope. We propose that a small number of giant impacts may be responsible for the large observed spread in mean densities, especially for multiple-planet systems containing planets with very different densities and which have not been significantly sculpted by photo evaporation.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures. Updated figures and with referee's comments addressed and incorporated
Wahrnehmungen von medizinischen Fachkräften zu künstlicher Intelligenz im Gesundheitswesen: Protokoll für eine Systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Creators: name: Machill, Daniel
name: Müller, Tobias
name: Ahmed, Abdallah
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Health Services Administration
subject: Computer Sciences
subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
subject: Acceptance
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Attitude
subject: Awareness
subject: Expectations
subject: Healthcare professionals
subject: Nurses
subject: Physicians
subject: Therapists
subject: Understanding

description: Um die Akzeptanz neuer Innovationen wie Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) bei medizinischem Fachpersonal sicherzustellen, ist es entscheidend, das Wissen, das Verständnis und die Bereitschaft der medizinischen Mitarbeiter zur Nutzung und zum Vertrauen in KI zu berücksichtigen. Das Ziel dieser systematischen Überprüfung ist es, die Wahrnehmungen von Gesundheitsfachkräften über KI zu untersuchen.
Emergent vortices in populations of colloidal rollers
Creators: name: Bricard, Antoine
name: Jean-Baptiste-Caussin
name: Das, Debasish
name: Savoie, Charles
name: Chikkadi, Vijayakumar
name: Shitara, Kyohei
name: Chepizhko, Oleksandr
name: Peruani, Fernando
name: Saintillan, David
name: Bartolo, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent vortical motion has been reported in a wide variety of populations including living organisms (bacteria, fishes, human crowds) and synthetic active matter (shaken grains, mixtures of biopolymers), yet a unified description of the formation and structure of this pattern remains lacking. Here we report the self-organization of motile colloids into a macroscopic steadily rotating vortex. Combining physical experiments and numerical simulations, we elucidate this collective behavior. We demonstrate that the emergent-vortex structure lives on the verge of a phase separation, and single out the very constituents responsible for this state of polar active matter. Building on this observation, we establish a continuum theory and lay out a strong foundation for the description of vortical collective motion in a broad class of motile populations constrained by geometrical boundaries.
title: Cysticercosis – Spectrum of imaging findings.
Creators: name: VENKAT, BARGAVEE
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Parasites

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Cysticercosis is a common parasitic disease affecting many tissues in the body. Humans develop cysticercosis when they accidentally ingest T.solium eggs. The larval stage develops in various tissues like brain, eye, muscles, subcutaneous tissues and...
title: Subarachnoid cisterns - What the radiologist needs to know.
Creators: name: Eiroa, Daniel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: CNS
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: eLearning
subject: Normal variants
subject: Cerebrospinal fluid

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To show radiology residents the basic anatomy and the imaging features of the subarachnoid space, with special emphasis on the subarachnoidcisterns, and also to serve as a review for more experienced...
title: Differential Diagnosis of Non-traumatic Lesions of the Scalp: A pictorial Review
Creators: name: Morcillo Carratalá, Rafael
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Cysts
subject: Localisation
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Complications
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Head and neck
subject: CNS

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To describe the normal anatomy and most common diseases of the scalp. 2. To illustrate the radiological features of non-traumatic pathology of the scalp using a multimodality approach with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance...
Anatomy of molecular structures in $^{20}$Ne
Creators: name: Zhou, E. F.
name: Yao, J. M.
name: Li, Z. P.
name: Meng, J.
name: Ring, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a beyond mean-field study of clusters and molecular structures in low-spin states of $^{20}$Ne with a multireference relativistic energy density functional, where the dynamical correlation effects of symmetry restoration and quadrupole-octupole shapes fluctuation are taken into account with projections on parity, particle number and angular momentum in the framework of the generator coordinate method. Both the energy spectrum and the electric multipole transition strengths for low-lying parity-doublet bands are better reproduced after taking into account the dynamical octupole vibration effect. Consistent with the finding in previous studies, a rotation-induced dissolution of the $α+^{16}$O molecular structure in $^{20}$Ne is predicted.
description: 6 pages with 6 figures, version to be published in Phys. Lett. B
Observed and Expected Mortality in Cohort Studies
Creators: name: Richardson, David B.
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: MacLehose, Richard F.
name: Keil, Alexander P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Epidemiologists often compare the observed number of deaths in a cohort with the expected number of deaths, obtained by multiplying person-time accrued in the cohort by mortality rates for a reference population (ideally, a reference that represents the mortality rate in the cohort in the absence of exposure). However, if exposure is hazardous (or salutary), this calculation will not consistently estimate the number of deaths expected in the absence of exposure because exposure will have affected the distribution of person-time observed in the study cohort. While problems with interpretation of this standard calculation of expected counts were discussed more than 2 decades ago, these discussions had little impact on epidemiologic practice. The logic of counterfactuals may help clarify this topic as we revisit these issues. In this paper, we describe a simple way to consistently estimate the expected number of deaths in such settings, and we illustrate the approach using data from a cohort study of mortality among underground miners.
title: Thoracic mycoses from opportunistic fungi: a review for the resident.
Creators: name: Caballeros, Fanny
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Acute
subject: Education
subject: Complications
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review the radiological features of four of the most frequent opportunistic fungi: aspergillous, candida, cryptococcus, pneumocystis. To get familiarized with X-ray and CT findings of each thoracic mycoses in order to help guide the diagnosis. To...
European stakeholders’ visions and needs for stormwater in future urban drainage systems
Creators: name: Tondera, Katharina
name: Brelot, Elodie
name: Fontanel, Fanny
name: Cherqui, Frédéric
name: Nielsen, Jesper Ellerbæk
name: Brüggemann, Thomas
name: Naismith, Iain
name: Goerke, Marcel
name: López, Joaquín Suárez
name: Rieckermann, Jörg
name: Leitão, João P.
name: Clemens-Meyer, François H.L.R.
name: Moreno-Rodenas, Antonio
name: Tait, Simon
name: Anta, José
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Transitioning urban drainage systems to serve water-smart societies requires the involvement of different disciplines and stakeholders. However, stakeholders have different visions and needs from the transitioning process (e.g in terms of financing, policy adaptation and system management) these also vary between regions and countries. Identifying such different needs for stakeholders is necessary to propose practical adaptation strategies. Therefore, evidence of needs as reflected in policy papers and legislation in seven European countries was collected. Knowledgeable individuals in the urban drainage community were asked about their visions. Results show that whilst there is consensus on the challenges, visions on how to transition are diverse, indicating that more interaction between the different stakeholder groups is required to develop consensus. Additionally, organisational and legislative structures often slow down the necessary change processes.
A survey on mental and behavioral health of adolescents in Hubei Province, China
Creators: name: Chang, Peng
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This study was a cross-sectional survey, conducted from March to October 2017. The participants were recruited via cluster sampling in Hubei Province, which is located in central China. First, we selected two cities (E’zhou and Xiaogan) randomly in the province. Second, with the help of local educational bureaus, we sampled three junior high schools and three senior high schools in each chosen city. Then, we selected two or three classes from 7th to 12th grade in every chosen school. Finally, all students from the chosen class were invited to the study as participants. All participants were required to complete the paper questionnaire independently, the mean completion time between 20 to 30 minutes. All students and their parents or guardians who participated in the study voluntarily signed informed written consent before investigation. The purpose of the study and the questionnaire sections were explained to them by investigators. The students were assured of the anonymity and confidentiality of the information provided in the self-reported questionnaires. The study received the approval from the sample schools and the Medical Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
Risk of Diabetes After Hysterectomy With or Without Oophorectomy in Postmenopausal Women
Creators: name: Margolis, Karen L.
name: Urrutia, Rachel Peragallo
name: LeBlanc, Erin S.
name: Manson, JoAnn E.
name: Hendryx, Michael
name: Luo, Juhua
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the associations between hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), and incidence of diabetes in postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a series of trials conducted in the United States, during the period 1993–1998. A total of 67,130 postmenopausal women aged 50–79 years were followed for a mean of 13.4 years. Among them, 7,430 cases of diabetes were diagnosed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between hysterectomy/oophorectomy status and diabetes incidence. Compared with women without hysterectomy, women with hysterectomy had a significantly higher risk of diabetes (hazard ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.21). The increased risk of diabetes was similar for women with hysterectomy only and for women with hysterectomy with concomitant BSO. Compared with hysterectomy alone, hysterectomy with BSO was not associated with additional risk of diabetes after stratification by age at hysterectomy and hormone therapy status. In our large, prospective study, we observed that hysterectomy, regardless of oophorectomy status, was associated with increased risk of diabetes among postmenopausal women. However, our data did not support the hypothesis that early loss of ovarian estrogens is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The modest increased risk of diabetes associated with hysterectomy may be due to residual confounding, such as the reasons for hysterectomy.
title: Musculoskeletal metastases in patients with melanoma
Creators: name: Luchsinger Heitmann, Josima
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: PET-CT
subject: MR
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The reader will reviewmultiple images of musculoskeletal disease related to primary or metastatic melanoma diagnosed at our hospital. To show common radiological findings on MRI, CT, PET/CT and conventional radiology, correlating their pathology...
Coping with the COVID-19 Outbreak Study
Creators: name: Sin, Nancy
name: Wen, Jin
name: Klaiber, Patrick
name: DeLongis, Anita
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Gerontology
subject: coronavirus
subject: COVID-19
subject: emotions
subject: helping
subject: negative affect
subject: outbreak
subject: pandemic
subject: positive affect
subject: prosocial
subject: social connections
subject: social relationships
subject: well-being

description: Associations of prosocial activities with affective and social well-being in daily life amid the COVID-19 outbreak