cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit
Creators: name: Aoki, Y.
name: Fodor, Z.
name: Katz, S. D.
name: Szabo, K. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition temperature ($T_c$) of QCD is determined by Symanzik improved gauge and stout-link improved staggered fermionic lattice simulations. We use physical masses both for the light quarks ($m_{ud}$) and for the strange quark ($m_s$). Four sets of lattice spacings ($N_t$=4,6,8 and 10) were used to carry out a continuum extrapolation. It turned out that only $N_t$=6,8 and 10 can be used for a controlled extrapolation, $N_t$=4 is out of the scaling region. Since the QCD transition is a non-singular cross-over there is no unique $T_c$. Thus, different observables lead to different numerical $T_c$ values even in the continuum and thermodynamic limit. The peak of the renormalized chiral susceptibility predicts $T_c$=151(3)(3) MeV, wheres $T_c$-s based on the strange quark number susceptibility and Polyakov loops result in 24(4) MeV and 25(4) MeV larger values, respectively. Another consequence of the cross-over is the non-vanishing width of the peaks even in the thermodynamic limit, which we also determine. These numbers are attempted to be the full result for the $T$$\neq$0 transition, though other lattice fermion formulations (e.g. Wilson) are needed to cross-check them.
description: 13 pages 5 figures. Final version, published in Phys.Lett.B
Micro-population structure of Plasmodium falciparum from The Gambia
Creators: name: Mane, Karim
name: Worwui, Archibald
name: D’Alessandro, Umberto
name: Jeffries, David
name: Amambua-Ngwa, Alfred
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: The prevalence of malaria has largely decreased in The Gambia and varies from one district to another across the country. As a consequence, the population structure of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum might be affected, making malaria elimination more difficult to achieve. Given the amount of data from whole genome sequencing technologies and limitations from some widely used methods, we used an approach that take into account linkage information between loci and the isolate historical patterns to infer the malaria parasite population structure in The Gambia. Here we aimed at assessing if reduction in prevalence of malaria is resulting into the parasite population differentiation across The Gambia. We used 18651 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 168 P. falciparum isolates from The Gambia collected in 2014 and employed the fineSTRUCTURE program to cluster isolates based on their ancestry derived from chromosome painting. We obtained 5 to 8 groups of genetically indistinguishable isolates regardless of their sampling locations. These findings show the existence of the malaria parasite population fragmentation in The Gambia.
Spinning-Down of Moving Magnetars in the Propeller Regime
Creators: name: Toropina, O. D.
name: Romanova, M. M.
name: Lovelace, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the spinning-down of magnetars rotating in the propeller regime and moving supersonically through the interstellar medium. The simulations indicate that magnetars spin-down rapidly due to this interaction, faster than for the case of a non-moving star. From many simulation runs we have derived an approximate scaling laws for the angular momentum loss rate, \dot{L} \propto \~η_m^{0.3}μ^{0.6}ρ^{0.8}{\cal M}^{-0.4} Ω_*^{1.5}, where ρis the density of the interstellar medium, \cal M is Mach number, μis the star's magnetic moment, Ω_* is its angular velocity, and η_m is magnetic diffusivity. A magnetar with a surface magnetic field of 10^{13} - 10^{15} G is found to spin-down to a period P > 10^5-10^6 s in \sim 10^4 - 10^5 years. There is however uncertainty about the value of the magnetic diffusivity so that the time-scale may be longer. We discuss this model in respect of Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs) and the isolated neutron star candidate RXJ1856.5-3754.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRAS. See version with better resolution figures and animation at http://astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu/us-rus/propeller.htm
High rates of TB in the first six months of Dolutegravir-based ART in Botswana
Creators: name: Mupfumi, Lucy
name: S. Moyo
name: Avalos, Ava
name: L. Bawley
name: Sangyuk, Shin
name: Ishmael Kasvosve
name: Simani Gaseitsiwe
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Tuberculosis (TB) currently causes more deaths than HIV worldwide. Individuals who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are still at risk of developing TB particularly during their first year on treatment. Botswana recently introduced a new drug called Dolutegravir as first line antiretroviral therapy. As we had previously described TB incidence in a different group of patients, we aimed to describe how many new cases of TB developed in patients on this new treatment. We obtained records from 737 patients seen at four ART initiation clinics in Gaborone, Botswana between March 2016 and June 2018. The average CD4 count of these patients was 387cells/μl and TB developed at a rate of 4 cases for every 100 individuals per year. These cases were more common within the first three months of starting ART suggesting that these individuals already had TB that was not diagnosed prior to starting ART. The analysis we conducted shows that there is still need for better tests that can detect TB in individuals before they start ART.
Predicting brain evoked response to external stimuli from temporal correlations of spontaneous activity
Creators: name: Sarracino, A.
name: Arviv, O.
name: Shriki, O.
name: de Arcangelis, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between spontaneous and stimulated global brain activity is a fundamental problem in the understanding of brain functions. This question is investigated both theoretically and experimentally within the context of nonequilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relations. We consider the stochastic coarse-grained Wilson-Cowan model in the linear noise approximation and compare analytical results to experimental data from magnetoencephalography (MEG) of human brain. The short time behavior of the autocorrelation function for spontaneous activity is characterized by a double-exponential decay, with two characteristic times, differing by two orders of magnitude. Conversely, the response function exhibits a single exponential decay in agreement with experimental data for evoked activity under visual stimulation. Results suggest that the brain response to weak external stimuli can be predicted from the observation of spontaneous activity and pave the way to controlled experiments on the brain response under different external perturbations.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Relativistic Beaming and the Intrinsic Properties of Extragalactic Radio Jets
Creators: name: Cohen, M. H.
name: Lister, M. L.
name: Homan, D. C.
name: Kadler, M.
name: Kellermann, K. I.
name: Kovalev, Y. Y.
name: Vermeulen, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relations between the observed quantities for a beamed radio jet, apparent transverse speed and apparent luminosity (beta_app,L), and the intrinsic quantities, Lorentz factor and intrinsic luminosity (gamma,L_o), are investigated. The inversion from measured to intrinsic values is not unique, but approximate limits to gamma and L_o can be found using probability arguments. Roughly half the sources in a flux density--limited, beamed sample have a value of gamma close to the measured beta_app. The methods are applied to observations of 119 AGN jets made with the VLBA at 15 GHz during 1994-2002. The results strongly support the common relativistic beam model for an extragalactic radio jet. The (beta_app,L) data are closely bounded by a theoretical envelope, an aspect curve for gamma=32, L_o= 10^25 W/Hz. This gives limits to the maximum values of gamma and L_o in the sample: gamma_max about 32, and L_o,max ~ 10^26 W/Hz. No sources with both high beta_app and low L are observed. This is not the result of selection effects due to the observing limits, which are flux density S>0.5 Jy, and angular velocity mu<4 mas/yr. Many of the fastest quasars have a pattern Lorentz factor gamma_p close to that of the beam, gamma_b, but some of the slow quasars must have gamma_p<
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Exact solutions of embedding the 4D Universe in a 5D Einstein manifold
Creators: name: Meng, Xin-He
name: Ren, Jie
name: Zhang, Hong-Guang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the simplest way to extend 4D cosmological models is to add another spatial dimension to make them 5D. In particular, it has been shown that the simplest of such 5D models, i.e., one in which the right hand side of the Einstein equation is empty, induces a 4D nonempty Universe. Accordingly, the origin of matter in the 4D real Universe might be mathematically attributed to the existence of one (fictitious) extra spatial dimension. Here we consider the case of an empty 5D Universe possessing a cosmological constant $Λ$ and obtain exact solutions for both positive and negative values of $Λ$. It is seen that such a model can naturally reduce to a power law $Λ$CDM model for the real Universe. Further, it can be seen that, the arbitrary constants and functions appearing in this model are endowed with definite physical meanings.
description: 3 pages, no figure. v3: title changed and typos corrected; v4: accepted by IJMPD
Conformal anomaly and helicity effects in kinetic theory via scale-dependent coupling
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Kilinçarslan, Eda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We modify a kinetic theory of massless fermions to incorporate the effects of the conformal anomaly. Working in a collisionless regime, we emulate the conformal anomaly via a momentum-dependent electric coupling. In this prescription, the conformal anomaly leads to a hedgehog-like structure in the momentum space similar to the Berry phase associated with the axial anomaly. The interplay between the axial and conformal anomalies generates the axial current, proportional to the helicity flow of the electromagnetic background. The corresponding conductivity is determined by the running of the electric coupling between the tip of the Dirac cone and the Fermi surface.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
New Applications of Resummation in Non-Abelian Gauge Theories: QED X QCD Exponentiation for LHC Physics, IR-Improved DGLAP Theory and Resummed Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Ward, B. F. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the elements of three applications of resummation methods in non-Abelian gauge theories: (1), QED X QCD exponentiation and shower/ME matching for LHC physics; (2), IR improvement of DGLAP theory; (3), resummed quantum gravity and the final state of Hawking radiation. In all cases, the extension of the YFS approach, originally introduced for Abelian gauge theory, to non-Abelian gauge theories, QCD and quantum general relativity, leads to new results and solutions which we briefly summarize.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, presented at RADCOR05, Kanagawa, Japan, Oct., 2005
"Διεθνές φεστιβάλ Κιλκίς, παντομίμας και Κουκλοθεάτρου" (1999, 2008):
Creators: name: Γιοβάνη, Δήμητρα Βασιλείου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Κουκλοθέατρο
Φεστιβάλ
Κούκλα
Puppet theatre
Festival
Puppet

description: Το 1999, στο Κιλκίς ξεκινάει η ετήσια διοργάνωση ενός διεθνούς φεστιβάλ κουκλοθεάτρου και παντομίμας. Στα πλαίσια της εργασίας το φεστιβάλ του Κιλκίς, αναλύεται ως θεσμός μέσα σε μια δεδομένη καλλιτεχνική κατάσταση που επικρατεί στην χώρα μας. Μια μικρή αναδρομή στα κουκλοθεατρικά ελληνικά δεδομένα εξηγεί και κάνει πιο κατανοητή από πολλές πλευρές (κοινωνικές, οικονομικές, πολιτικές, καλλιτεχνικές ) το «έδαφος» πάνω στο οποίο άρχισε να λειτουργεί ο θεσμός αυτός στο Κιλκίς. Η μορφή και οι στόχοι του Φεστιβάλ, οι άνθρωποι που το περιτριγυρίζουν ως θεσμό και ως τέχνη καθώς και ότι κατάφερε μέχρι στιγμής να προσφέρει σε καλλιτεχνικό επίπεδο στην χώρα μας είναι το κυρίως υλικό της εργασίας. Οι παραστάσεις κουκλοθεάτρου που συμμετείχαν στο φεστιβάλ διαχωρίζονται βάση κάποιων τεχνικών διαφορών και αναφέρονται με κάποια επεξηγηματική μορφή. Στην εργασία εμπεριέχεται και πίνακας αναλυτικής παραστασιολογίας των δέκα αυτών χρόνων του φεστιβάλ καθώς και των εργαστηρίων – σεμιναρίων που πραγματοποιήθηκαν.
description: In 1999, the International fest of Puppet theatre & Pantomime in Kilkis had its first organization. In this project, the institution of the fest is analyzed in compare with the situation that already existed in Greek fact. A short retro gradation in Greek puppet theatre makes more understandable from many options (social, economical, political and cultural) the situation in which the International Fest of Kilkis started. The form and the targets of the festival, the people who surrounded the institution and the art of puppetry is the main subject of the project without omitting the cultural offer that the fest brought in our country. The performances which were presented in the festival are referred, separated in technical different parts. Also the project includes an explanatory form of the puppetry techniques that the festival presented. Finally the work ends including analytic boards of all the performances that the festival of Kilkis extended hospitality and all the seminars or workshops that took place in Kilkis.
Floquet exceptional contours in Lindblad dynamics with time-periodic drive and dissipation
Creators: name: Gunderson, John
name: Muldoon, Jacob
name: Murch, Kater W.
name: Joglekar, Yogesh N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of an isolated quantum system is coherent and unitary. Weak coupling to the environment leads to decoherence, which is traditionally modeled with a Lindblad equation for the system's density matrix. Starting from a pure state, such a system approaches a steady state (mixed or otherwise) in an underdamped or overdamped manner. This transition occurs at an eigenvalue degeneracy of a Lindblad superoperator, called an exceptional point (EP), where corresponding eigenvectors coalesce. Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in creating exceptional points in a truly quantum domain, driven by the enhanced sensitivity and topological features EPs have shown in their classical realizations. Here, we present Floquet analysis of a prototypical qubit whose drive or dissipator strengths are varied periodically. We consider models with a single dissipator that generate global loss (phase damping) or mode-selective loss (spontaneous emission). In all cases, we find that periodic modulations lead to EP lines at small dissipator strengths, and a rich EP structure in the parameter space. Our analytical and numerical results show that extending Lindblad Liouvillians to the Floquet domain is a new, potentially preferred route to accessing exceptional points in the transient dynamics towards the Lindblad steady state.
description: 4 figures, 7 pages
The radio delay of the exceptional 3C 454.3 outburst. Follow-up WEBT observations in 2005-2006
Creators: name: Villata, M.
name: Raiteri, C. M.
name: Aller, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spring 2005 the blazar 3C 454.3 was observed in an unprecedented bright state from the near-IR to the hard X-ray frequencies. A mm outburst peaked in June-July 2005, and it was followed by a flux increase at high radio frequencies. In this paper we report on multifrequency monitoring by the WEBT aimed at following the further evolution of the outburst in detail. In particular, we investigate the expected correlation and time delays between the optical and radio emissions in order to derive information on the variability mechanisms and jet structure. A comparison among the light curves at different frequencies is performed by means of visual inspection and discrete correlation function, and the results are interpreted with a simple model taking into account Doppler factor variations of geometric origin. The high-frequency radio light curves show a huge outburst starting during the dimming phase of the optical one and lasting more than 1 year. The first phase is characterized by a slow flux increase, while in early 2006 a major flare is observed. The lower-frequency radio light curves show a progressively delayed and fainter event, which disappears below 8 GHz. We suggest that the radio major peak is not physically connected with the spring 2005 optical one, but it is actually correlated with a minor optical flare observed in October-November 2005. This interpretation involves both an intrinsic and a geometric mechanism. The former is represented by disturbances travelling down the emitting jet, the latter being due to the curved-jet motion, with the consequent differential changes of viewing angles of the different emitting regions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in A&A (Letters)
Twisted character of a small representation of PGL(4)
Creators: name: Flicker, Yuval Z.
name: Zinoviev, Dmitrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We compute by a purely local method the elliptic, twisted by transpose-inverse, character χ_πof the representation π=I_{(3,1)}(1_3) of PGL(4,F) normalizedly induced from the trivial representation of the maximal parabolic subgroup of type (3,1), where F is a p-adic field. Put C=(GL(2,F)xGL(2,F))'/F^x (F^x embeds diagonally, prime means equal determinants). It is a twisted elliptic endoscopic group of PGL(4). We deduce from the computation that χ_πis an unstable function: its value at one twisted regular elliptic conjugacy class with norm in C is minus its value at the other class within the twisted stable conjugacy class, and zero at the classes without norm in C. Moreover πis the unstable endoscopic lift of the trivial representation of C. Naturally, this computation plays a role in the theory of lifting from C (=``SO(4,F)'') and PGp(2,F) to PGL(4,F) using the trace formula. Our work develops a 4-dimensional analogue of the model of the small representation of PGL(3,F) introduced by the first author with Kazhdan in a 3-dimensional case, and it uses the classification of twisted stable and unstable regular conjugacy classes in PGL(4,F). It extends the local method of computation introduced by us in the 3-dimensional case. An extension math.NT/0606263 of our work here to apply to similar representations of GL(4,F) whose central character is nontrivial will appear in Int. J. Number Theory.
description: 36 pages
The generalized Klein-Gordon oscillator in a Cosmic Space-Time with a Space-Like Dislocation and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect
Creators: name: Lütfüoğlu, B. C.
name: Kříž, J.
name: Sedaghatnia, P.
name: Hassanabadi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, we investigated the quantum behavior of a charged particle that is under the effect of a uniform magnetic external field. We assumed that space-time has a space-like dislocation with an internal magnetic flux. We examined two different types of potential energies that are known as the pseudo harmonic and Cornell type potential energies, with the nonminimal coupling. We observed the Aharonov-Bohm effect in both cases. We extended the analysis on the energy spectrum functions to the different limits.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures
Measurement of the top quark mass in the dilepton channel
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: al, V. Abazov et
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the top quark mass in the dilepton channel based on approximately 370/pb of data collected by the D0 experiment during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We employ two different methods to extract the top quark mass. We show that both methods yield consistent results using ensemble tests of events generated with the D0 Monte Carlo simulation. We combine the results from the two methods to obtain a top quark mass m_t = 178.1 +/- 8.2 GeV. The statistical uncertainty is 6.7 GeV and the systematic uncertainty is 4.8 GeV.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Most Lithium-rich Low-mass Evolved Stars Revealed as Red Clump stars by Asteroseismology and Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yan, Hong-Liang
name: Zhou, Yu-Tao
name: Zhang, Xianfei
name: Li, Yaguang
name: Gao, Qi
name: Shi, Jian-Rong
name: Zhao, Gang
name: Aoki, Wako
name: Matsuno, Tadafumi
name: Li, Yan
name: Xu, Xiao-Dong
name: Li, Haining
name: Wu, Ya-Qian
name: Jin, Meng-Qi
name: Mosser, Benoît
name: Bi, Shao-Lan
name: Fu, Jian-Ning
name: Pan, Kaike
name: Suda, Takuma
name: Liu, Yu-Juan
name: Zhao, Jing-Kun
name: Liang, Xi-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lithium has confused scientists for decades at almost each scale of the universe. Lithium-rich giants are peculiar stars with lithium abundances over model prediction. A large fraction of lithium-rich low-mass evolved stars are traditionally supposed to be red giant branch (RGB) stars. Recent studies, however, report that red clump (RC) stars are more frequent than RGB. Here, we present a uniquely large systematic study combining the direct asteroseismic analysis with the spectroscopy on the lithium-rich stars. The majority of lithium-rich stars are confirmed to be RCs, whereas RGBs are minor. We reveal that the distribution of lithium-rich RGBs steeply decline with the increasing lithium abundance, showing an upper limit around 2.6 dex, whereas the Li abundances of RCs extend to much higher values. We also find that the distributions of mass and nitrogen abundance are notably different between RC and RGB stars. These findings indicate that there is still unknown process that significantly affects surface chemical composition in low-mass stellar evolution.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
Fold maps, framed immersions and smooth structures
Creators: name: Sadykov, Rustam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58K30, 55P42

description: For each integer q>0 there is a cohomology theory such that the zero cohomology group of a manifold N of dimension n is a certain group of cobordism classes of proper fold maps of manifolds of dimension n+q into N. We prove a splitting theorem for the spectrum representing the cohomology theory of fold maps. For even q, the splitting theorem implies that the cobordism group of fold maps to a manifold N is a sum of q/2 cobordism groups of framed immersions to N and a group related to diffeomorphism groups of manifolds of dimension q+1. Similarly, in the case of odd q, the cobordism group of fold maps splits off (q-1)/2 cobordism groups of framed immersions. The proof of the splitting theorem gives a partial splitting of the homotopy cofiber sequence of Thom spectra in the Madsen-Weiss approach to diffeomorphism groups of manifolds.
description: 23 pages
The importance of mentorship : reflections of an AMARI PHD Fellow
Creators: name: Dambi, Jermaine
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Background
When I enrolled for my PhD studies, I was obstinate that the mastering of research methods and publishing articles were the cornerstones of a “successful” academic career. Fortunately, these views were radically transformed upon the award of the African Mental Health Initiative (AMARI) fellowship. This editorial reflects the impact of various academic and leadership trainings received.
Methods
I received several academic trainings (e.g. systematic reviews and advanced statistical trainings), and several leadership trainings including mentoring, grant and manuscript writing, and public engagement amongst others.
Results
I have gone to training other fellows and faculty in systematic reviews. I have also published several articles, I am mentoring other AMARI fellows and undergraduates in manuscript writing. Importantly, I am now confidently engaging policy makers and the pubic regarding my research outputs.
Conclusions/reflections
Early-career researchers from low-resourced settings are likely to thrive better if provided with adequate support mechanisms. Continuous mentoring is essential if training initiatives are to produce fellows with sustainable career pathways. Creation of platforms for an early interface between policy makers, researchers and service-users will increase the relevancy and uptake of research knowledge. Scaling-up of capacity-building initiatives like AMARI is thus essential for the improvement of the quality of life of services users.
A mixed methods approach to assessing health systems effectiveness in the control of malaria among pregnant women in Ghana
Creators: name: Virtue Fiawokome De-Gaulle
name: P. Magnussen
name: M Aberese-Ako
name: G. D Ampofo
name: H. Tagbor
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objective: Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine as Intermittent Preventive Treatment and distribution of Insecticide Treated Nets have been implemented through the ANC services, yet, the high ANC attendance does not lead to a high uptake of the interventions in Ghana. This study seeks to assess the health system factors influencing the implementation of the interventions to prevent malaria among pregnant women in the Volta and Ashanti regions of Ghana using the WHO health systems building blocks.
Methods: This is a mixed concurrent methods where both numerical and non-numerical data will be collected and analyzed. The study will be conducted in the Ashanti and Volta regions, with data collected in health facilities, district, regional and national health system levels. Questionnaires, observation checklists, in-depth interview and focus group discussion guides will be used for data collection. Non-participant observation of ANC sessions, exit interviews with pregnant women, and ANC staff interviews will be carried out. Additionally, selected persons from regional and national health system will be interviewed. Malaria health records will reviewed to ascertain data completeness. Data will be analyzed using softwares. Results from numerical and non-numerical data will be presented together.
Expected Outcome: This study will provide evidence on factors impeding the delivery of the interventions to prevent malaria among pregnant women.
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. OGLE-III Long Term Monitoring of the Gravitational Lens QSO 2237+0305
Creators: name: Udalski, A.
name: Szymanski, M. K.
name: Kubiak, M.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Zebrun, K.
name: Szewczyk, O.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Wieckowski, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of the long term monitoring of the gravitational lens QSO 2237+0305 conducted during the OGLE survey. Light curves of all four components of the lens obtained during the second phase of the OGLE project (OGLE-II; 1997-2000) are supplemented with the data collected in the OGLE-III phase in the observing seasons 2001-2006. Calibration procedures to tie the new OGLE-III data with already calibrated OGLE-II light curves are described. The resulting homogeneous OGLE data set is the most extensive photometric coverage of the gravitational lens QSO 2237+0305, spanning now one decade - the seasons from 1997 to 2006 - and revealing unique microlensing activity of this spectacular object. All photometric data of the gravitational lens QSO 2237+0305 collected by OGLE are available to the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive.
description: 11 pages
Ανάπτυξη αλγορίθμων δυναμικής ανάθεσης εύρους ζώνης σε οπτικά παθητικά δίκτυα:
Creators: name: Νικολαϊδης, Περικλής Γεωργίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Παθητικά Οπτικά δίκτυα
Ανάθεση εύρους ζώνης
Δυναμικοί αλγόριθμοι
Passive Optical Networks
Bandwidth allocation
Dynamic Algorithms

description: Στη παρούσα εργασία μελετάμε αρχιτεκτονικές παθητικών οπτικών δικτύων και αναλύουμε αλγορίθμους για το επίπεδο 2 του OSI, οι οποίοι έχουν ως στόχο την δυναμική ανάθεση εύρους ζώνης από το συνολικό διαθέσιμο προς τους χρήστες του δικτύου. Ο σκοπός είναι η βελτιστοποίηση της απόδοσης του οπτικού δικτύου, καθώς και η μελέτη δυνατότητας υπηρεσιών QoS . Η συγκεκριμένη υλοποίηση που αναλύεται, βρίσκει εφαρμογή σε οπτικά παθητικά δίκτυα που αφορούν τους τελικούς οικιακούς ή εταιρικούς χρήστες, όπου απαιτείται ταχύτατη μεταφορά δεδομένων με όσο το δυνατόν μικρότερο κόστος για τον τελικό χρήστη. Αναπτύχθηκε επίσης προσομοιωτής του δικτύου σε C++, και γίνεται ανάπτυξη των αποτελεσμάτων προσομοίωσης.
description: In this project we investigate Passive Optical Networks architectures and analyze algorithms for OSI layer 2, concerning MAC protocols for the above networks for dynamic bandwidth allocation to the network’s users. The objective is to increase the efficiency of the passive optical network and to investigate QoS possibilities. This architecture applies to end users, whether they are home users ,or companies, that demand high-speed data transfer, at minimal costs. For the needs of our research, a network simulator in C++ has been developed, for extracting and analyzing results for the modeled architecture.
Haematological quality and age of donor blood issued for paediatric transfusion to four hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Uyoga, Sophie
name: Ayub Mpoya
name: Olupot-Olupot, Peter
name: Kiguli, Sarah
name: Opoka, Robert O.
name: Engoru, Charles
name: Macpherson Mallewa
name: Kennedy, Neil
name: Bridon M'baya
name: Kyeyune, Dorothy
name: Wabwire, Benjamin
name: Bates, Imelda
name: Gibb, Diana M.
name: A. Sarah Walker
name: George, Elizabeth C.
name: Williams, Thomas N.
name: Maitland, Kathryn
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives
The adoption of National Blood Transfusion Services (NBTS) and policies from developed countries by local governments has provided a structure that ensures availability of safe blood to patients. This study aimed to investigate the quality of blood used for transfusion in a blood transfusion trial.
Methods
We conducted three assessments examining the quality of the blood packs during the trial: (1) at the beginning of the trial; (2) following a period of consultation with the hospital blood bank and clinical team; and (3) following a period of re-training at four hospitals in Uganda and Malawi.
Results
The first audit did not find the expected difference in the blood products in use due to unclear pack labelling by blood transfusion services. Retraining of the regional blood bank, hospital blood banks and clinical teams led to clear differences in haematological quality of blood products in subsequent audits. We also found that the age of blood supplied during trial was quite diverse, and included some packs that should have been discarded as they were “expired”.
Conclusions
Consultation between the NBTS and clinical teams lead to changes to standard operating procedures used by the NBTSs and hospital transfusion laboratories was subsequently implemented. This resulted in improved quality of blood.
Asteroid Thermal Inertia Estimates from Remote Infrared Observations: The Effects of Surface Roughness and Rotation Rate
Creators: name: Harris, Alan W.
name: Drube, Line
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal inertia of an asteroid's surface can provide insight into regolith properties, such as the presence of a layer of fine dust, the density and thermal conductivity of a rocky surface, and, together with other observational data, mineralogy. Knowledge of the surface characteristics of asteroids is important for planetary defense initiatives and the extraction of resources ("asteroid mining"). A simple means of estimating asteroid thermal inertia has been proposed by Harris & Drube, which is suitable for application to large sets of thermal-infrared observational data, such as those obtained by infrared space telescopes. We compare results from the Harris-Drube estimator with recently published values of asteroid thermal inertia from detailed thermophysical modeling, and provide an explanation in terms of reduced surface roughness for some discrepant results. Smooth surfaces covered in fine dust may provide an explanation for the unexpectedly low values of thermal inertia derived from thermophysical modeling for some slowly rotating main-belt asteroids (MBAs). In the case of near-Earth objects (NEOs) we show that results from the estimator are in good agreement with those from thermophysical modeling, with just a few exceptions. We discuss the special cases of the NEOs (101955) Bennu, (162173) Ryugu, and (29075) 1950 DA in the context of results from our estimator. Given the data requirements and complexity of thermophysical modeling, data-analysis tools based on relatively simple concepts can play an important role in allowing "quick-look" assessment of thermal-infrared data of asteroids, especially NEOs.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, Accepted Manuscript, ApJ
Charmonium and Charmonium-like (?) States
Creators: name: Seth, Kamal K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The last few years have witnessed a renaissance in the spectroscopy of heavy quarks. Several long elusive states have now been firmly identified, and several unexpected states have been reported by the high luminosity experiments at Belle, Babar, CLEO, and Fermilab. These discoveries have posed important theoretical questions for our understanding of QCD, and a variety of theoretical models have been proposed. These developments are critically discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, presented at Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII, Ponta Delgada, Sept. 2006
Expression of glutathione S-transferase pi in human salivary gland and salivary gland tumours
Creators: name: Zieper, Monica B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The studies of tumour markers, such as enzymatic and genetic markers, are of considerable importance in understanding the mechanisms of tumourigenesis, and in the identification, prevention, and possible treatment of tumours. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of multifunctional enzymes which play important roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics, including carcinogens. Placental GST (GST-π), an acidic form of GST, is normally present in epidermis and oral mucosa where there is constant exposure to xenobiotics. GST-π is markedly increased during neoplastic processes in a number of tissues and is an excellent tumour marker in these tissues. There is a lack of information on the normal distribution of GST-π in human salivary glands and salivary gland neoplasms. This study investigated, immunohistochemically, the normal distribution of GST-π in human major and minor salivary glands and salivary gland neoplasms. The results showed that, in the normal and inflamed salivary glands of all locations (including major and minor salivary glands), the ductal epithelial cells showed moderate to strong GST-π staining, myoepithelial cells showed weak staining, and the acinar cells were negative. The staining was mainly cytoplasmic but small areas of nuclear staining were also noted. The staining pattern of the tumour cells was similar to that of their normal counterparts. The tumour cells were generally positive with GST-π staining except those tumour cells demonstrating acinic differentiation (serous cells in acinic cell carcinoma, mucous cells in mucinous cystadenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinomas). Most of the salivary gland tumours, benign or malignant, showed a weak GST-π staining. Only mucoepidermoid carcinomas demonstrated significantly increased GST-π reactivity compared to other tumours (p<0.001), which may be a reflection of both malignancy and squamous differentiation. The marked increase in GST-π activity in mucoepidermoid carcinomas may be useful in serological screening of recurrent and metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is characterized by relatively high recurrence rate. The most important reason for the recurrence of PAs is believed to be incomplete first removal of the tumours. It is not clear whether biological behaviour of the tumour cells also contributes to recurrence of this tumour. In the second experiment, GST-π content was compared between non-recurrent PAs and recurrent PAs using a computerized image analysis system. The results showed a significantly higher GST-π content in recurrent PAs when compared to nonrecurrent PAs (p<10⁸). This study has demonstrated that intrinsic cell behaviour (such as increased GST-π content) may play a role in the recurrence of PAs.
Progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations
Creators: name: Ipp, Andreas
name: Müller, David I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review our progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations to describe the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions. In our simulations we include nuclei with finite longitudinal extent and describe the collision process as well as the evolution of the strongly interacting gluonic fields in the laboratory frame in 3+1 dimensions using the colored particle-in-cell method. This allows us to compute the 3+1 dimensional Glasma energy-momentum tensor, whose rapidity dependence can be compared to experimental pion multiplicity data from RHIC. An improved scheme cures the numerical Cherenkov instability and paves the way for simulations at higher energies used at LHC.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, invited contribution to EPJA topical issue "Theory of Hot Matter and Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions (THOR)"
Prevalence of Kdr gene in the aggressive and endophilic population of An. gambiae s.l in Central West Senegal
Creators: name: Pape  Cheikh Sarr
name: Ousmane  Sy
name: Assane  Ndiaye
name: Nourdine, Mohamed Abderemane
name: Magatte  Ndiaye
name: Gaye, Oumar
name: Ousmane  Faye
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: o Objectives
 In Senegal, malaria transmission is low in some areas. In order to completely eliminate mosquitoes and malaria, several control techniques have been carried out. We have studied insecticide resistance genes in populations of aggressive mosquitoes and mosquitoes that rest in rooms, ie endophilic.

 o Methods
 The malaria vector population was sampled using human landing catches and insecticide sprays. Molecular studies of the species of the Gambiae complex were performed by PCR and research of the resistance genes by real-time PCR.

 o Results
 The studies showed the presence of Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles melas and Anopheles coluzzii. Anopheles arabiensis showed a significantly higher proportion with 57.4% of those of Anopheles. melas and An. coluzzii with respectively 42.2% and 0.4%. We noted in both populations the high level of insecticide resistance in population of arabiensis. The results present more resistances called kdr-est than which called kdr-west.

 o Conclusion
 This study allowed to obtain data on the prevalence of genes of resistance in the main mosquitoes involved in the residual transmission of malaria in this area, which makes it possible to better plan mosquitoes control and malaria elimination.
Noise at a Fermi-edge singularity
Creators: name: Maire, N.
name: Hohls, F.
name: Luedtke, T.
name: Pierz, K.
name: Haug, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present noise measurements of self-assembled InAs quantum dots at high magnetic fields. In comparison to I-V characteristics at zero magnetic field we notice a strong current overshoot which is due to a Fermi-edge singularity. We observe an enhanced suppression in the shot noise power simultaneous to the current overshoot which is attributed to the electron-electron interaction in the Fermi-edge singularity.
Consumption of ‘Garba’ in Côte D’Ivoire: a trend shaped by livelihood constraints?
Creators: name: Koffi, Aya Lydie Judicaelle
name: G.  Fokou
name: D. B. S. R.  Droh
name: K.  Heitz-Tokpa
name: G.  Koné
name: J.  Saric
name: A. K.  Dayoro
name: R. Y.  Gnabeli
name: B  Bonfoh
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: ‘Garba’ is a popular cassava-based meal in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. In Abidjan, the country’s economic capital, garba is one of the most popular among a large variety of street foods, despite the well-known hygiene and quality concerns. Our work aimed to identify the main drivers for garba consumption and the consumer’s behaviour in 2012, when garba production was at a regular level, and in 2016, during the ‘cassava crisis’ resulting in price inflation of garba.
Garba was proven popular among all socio-economic and occupational groups but in particular among low-income populations. Garba gained its popularity during the economic crisis in Côte d'Ivoire in the 1990s owing to its nutritional vs price ration that was perceived favourable. Taste and low price are indeed still the two main drivers for the high consumption of this food product today. Even with prices inflated by a factor 10 in 2016, based on the consumer’s perception the food product remained affordable, and garba consumption remained high even among low-income populations.
Azimuthal correlation between the $(\vec{p}_l,\vec{p}_{X_b})$ and $(\vec{p}_l,\vec{P}_t)$ planes in the semileptonic rest frame decay of a polarized top quark: An $O(α_s)$ effect
Creators: name: Groote, S.
name: Huo, W. S.
name: Kadeer, A.
name: Korner, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The azimuthal correlation between the planes formed by the vectors $(\vec{p}_\ell,\vec{p}_{X_b})$ and $(\vec{p}_\ell,\vec{P}_t)$ in the semileptonic rest frame decay of a polarized top quark $t(\uparrow) \to X_b + l^+ + ν_\ell$ belongs to a class of polarization observables involving the top quark which vanish at the Born term level in the standard model. We determine the next--to--leading order QCD corrections to the afore-mentioned azimuthal correlation and compare the result to the corresponding contribution of a non--standard--model right--chiral quark current.
description: latex, 12 pages with 2 figures in the text, typos removed,comment and references added, replaced with published version
Constraining DM through 21 cm observations
Creators: name: Valdes, M.
name: Ferrara, A.
name: Mapelli, M.
name: Ripamonti, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beyond reionization epoch cosmic hydrogen is neutral and can be directly observed through its 21 cm line signal. If dark matter (DM) decays or annihilates the corresponding energy input affects the hydrogen kinetic temperature and ionized fraction, and contributes to the Ly_alpha background. The changes induced by these processes on the 21 cm signal can then be used to constrain the proposed DM candidates, among which we select the three most popular ones: (i) 25-keV decaying sterile neutrinos, (ii) 10-MeV decaying light dark matter (LDM) and (iii) 10-MeV annihilating LDM. Although we find that the DM effects are considerably smaller than found by previous studies (due to a more physical description of the energy transfer from DM to the gas), we conclude that combined observations of the 21 cm background and of its gradient should be able to put constrains at least on LDM candidates. In fact, LDM decays (annihilations) induce differential brightness temperature variations with respect to the non decaying/annihilating DM case up to Delta_delta T_b=8 (22) mK at about 50 (15) MHz. In principle this signal could be detected both by current single dish radio telescopes and future facilities as LOFAR; however, this assumes that ionospheric, interference and foreground issues can be properly taken care of.
description: 9 pages, submitted to MNRAS
Dendroidal Sets
Creators: name: Moerdijk, Ieke
name: Weiss, Ittay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P48, 55U10, 55U40 (Primary), 18D50, 18D10, 18G30 (Secondary)

description: We introduce the concept of a dendroidal set. This is a generalization of the notion of a simplicial set, specially suited to the study of operads in the context of homotopy theory. We define a category of trees, which extends the category $Δ$ used in simplicial sets, whose presheaf category is the category of dendroidal sets. We show that there is a closed monoidal structure on dendroidal sets which is closely related to the Boardman-Vogt tensor product of operads. Furthermore we show that each operad in a suitable model category has a coherent homotopy nerve which is a dendroidal set, extending another construction of Boardman and Vogt. There is also a notion of an inner Kan dendroidal set which is closely related to simplicial Kan complexes. Finally, we briefly indicate the theory of dendroidal objects and outline several of the applications and further theory of dendroidal sets.
description: 23 pages. Minor correction in Section 7
Simulations of ${\cal N}=2$ super Yang-Mills theory in two dimensions
Creators: name: Catterall, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from lattice simulations of ${\cal N}=2$ super Yang-Mills theory in two dimensions. The lattice formulation we use was developed in \cite{2dpaper} and retains both gauge invariance and an exact (twisted) supersymmetry for any lattice spacing. Results for both U(2) and SU(2) gauge groups are given. We focus on supersymmetric Ward identities, the phase of the Pfaffian resulting from integration over the Grassmann fields and the nature of the quantum moduli space.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables. Eqn. 6.1 corrected. Version to be published in JHEP