cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Ectopy—The Environmental Epidemiology of Arrhythmogenesis in Women's Health Initiative Study, 1999–2004
Creators: name: Liao, Duanping
name: Anderson, Garnet
name: Duan, Yinkang
name: Smith, Richard
name: Quibrera, P. Miguel
name: Peuquet, Donna J.
name: Zhang, Zhu-Ming
name: Lin, Hung-Mo
name: Whitsel, Eric A.
name: Prineas, Ronald J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The relationships between ambient PM2.5 and PM10 and arrhythmia and the effect modification by cigarette smoking were investigated. Data from EPA air quality monitors and an established national-scale, log-normal kriging method were used to spatially estimate daily mean concentrations of PM at addresses of 57,422 individuals from 59 examination sites in 24 US states in 1999-2004. The acute and subacute exposures were estimated as mean, geocoded address-specific PM concentrations on the day of, 0-2 days before, and averaged over 30 days before the ECG (Lag0; Lag1; Lag2; Lag1-30). At the time of standard 12-lead resting ECG, the mean age (SD) of participants was 67.5 (6.9) years (84% non-Hispanic White; 6% current smoker; 15% with coronary heart disease; 5% with ectopy). After the identification of significant effect modifiers, two-stage random-effects models were used to calculate center-pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) of arrhythmia per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM concentrations. Among current smokers, Lag0 and Lag1 PM concentrations were significantly associated ventricular ectopy (VE) - the OR (95% CI) for VE among current smokers was 2 (1.32-3.3) and 1.32 (1.07-1.65) at Lag1 PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The interactions between current smoking and acute exposures (Lag0; Lag1; Lag2) were significant in relationship to VE. Acute exposures were not significantly associated with supraventricular ectopy (SVE), or with VE among non-smokers. Subacute (Lag1-30) exposures were not significantly associated with arrhythmia. Acute PM2.5 and PM10 exposure is directly associated with the odds of VE among smokers, suggesting that they are more vulnerable to the arrhythmogenic effects of PM.
Universal versus system-specific features of punctuation usage patterns in~major Western~languages
Creators: name: Stanisz, Tomasz
name: Drozdz, Stanislaw
name: Kwapien, Jaroslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The celebrated proverb that "speech is silver, silence is golden" has a long multinational history and multiple specific meanings. In written texts punctuation can in fact be considered one of its manifestations. Indeed, the virtue of effectively speaking and writing involves - often decisively - the capacity to apply the properly placed breaks. In the present study, based on a large corpus of world-famous and representative literary texts in seven major Western languages, it is shown that the distribution of intervals between consecutive punctuation marks in almost all texts can universally be characterised by only two parameters of the discrete Weibull distribution which can be given an intuitive interpretation in terms of the so-called hazard function. The values of these two parameters tend to be language-specific, however, and even appear to navigate translations. The properties of the computed hazard functions indicate that among the studied languages, English turns out to be the least constrained by the necessity to place a consecutive punctuation mark to partition a sequence of words. This may suggest that when compared to other studied languages, English is more flexible, in the sense of allowing longer uninterrupted sequences of words. Spanish reveals similar tendency to only a bit lesser extent.
Human Exposure to Selected Animal Neurocarcinogens: A Biomarker-Based Assessment and Implications for Brain Tumor Epidemiology
Creators: name: McCarthy, Bridget J.
name: Il'yasova, Dora
name: Bigner, Darell D.
name: Shimek, Joanna
name: Doerge, Daniel R.
name: Davis, Faith G.
name: Myers, Steven R.
name: Erdal, Serap
name: Goldstein, Jennifer
name: Wishnok, John S.
name: Vineis, Paolo
name: Swenberg, James A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This review is based on the proceedings from the Second Lebow Conference held in Chicago in 2007. The conference concentrated on developing a framework for innovative studies in the epidemiology of environmental exposures, focusing specifically on the potential relationship with brain tumors. Researchers with different perspectives, including toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and epidemiological exposure assessment, exchanged information and ideas on the use of biomarkers of exposure in molecular epidemiology studies and summarized the current knowledge on methods and approaches for biomarker-based exposure assessment. This report presents the state of science regarding biomarker-based exposure assessment of the 4 most common neurocarcinogens: acrylamide, 1,3-butadiene, N-nitroso compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Importantly, these chemicals are also carcinogenic in other organs; therefore, this discussion is useful for environmental epidemiologists studying all cancer types.
The Hoyle state and its relatives
Creators: name: Neff, Thomas
name: Feldmeier, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hoyle state and other resonances in the continuum above the 3 alpha threshold in 12C are studied in a microscopic cluster model. Whereas the Hoyle state is a very sharp resonance and can be treated reasonably well in bound state approximation, the other higher lying states require a proper treatment of the continuum. The model space consists of an internal region with 3 alpha particles on a triangular grid and an external region consisting of the 8Be ground state and excited (pseudo)-states of 8Be with an additional alpha. The microscopic R-matrix method is used to match the many-body wave function to the asymptotic Coulomb behavior of bound states, Gamow states and scattering states. 8Be-alpha phase shifts are analyzed and resonance properties like radii and transition strengths are investigated.
description: 7 pages, Talk given at SOTANCP3, 3rd International Workshop on State of the Art in Nuclear Cluster Physics, Yokohama, Japan, May 26-30, 2014
Fine Particulate Air Pollution is Associated with Higher Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation—the Apacr Study
Creators: name: Liao, Duanping
name: Whitsel, Eric A.
name: Cascio, Wayne E.
name: Bixler, Edward O.
name: Shaffer, Michele L.
name: Rodriguez-Colon, Sol
name: He, Fan
name: Wu, Rongling
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The acute effects and the time course of fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) on atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) predictors, including P-wave duration, PR interval duration, and P-wave complexity, were investigated in a community-dwelling sample of 106 nonsmokers. Individual-level 24-h beat-to-beat electrocardiogram (ECG) data were visually examined. After identifying and removing artifacts and arrhythmic beats, the 30-min averages of the AF predictors were calculated. A personal PM2.5 monitor was used to measure individual-level, real-time PM2.5 exposures during the same 24-h period, and corresponding 30-min average PM2.5 concentration were calculated. Under a linear mixed-effects modeling framework, distributed lag models were used to estimate regression coefficients (βs) associating PM2.5 with AF predictors. Most of the adverse effects on AF predictors occurred within 1.5–2 h after PM2.5 exposure. The multivariable adjusted βs per 10-µg/m3 rise in PM2.5 at lag 1 and lag 2 were significantly associated with P-wave complexity. PM2.5 exposure was also significantly associated with prolonged PR duration at lag 3 and lag 4. Higher PM2.5 was found to be associated with increases in P-wave complexity and PR duration. Maximal effects were observed within 2 h. These findings suggest that PM2.5 adversely affects AF predictors; thus, PM2.5 may be indicative of greater susceptibility to AF.
Characterization and biological properties of Citrus industrial derivatives and waste products for the formulation of nutraceuticals
Creators: name: Pagano, Francesco
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: CHIM/08 CHIMICA FARMACEUTICA
subject: Nutraceutici
subject: Cromatografia
subject: Attività biologica

description: 2013 - 2014
description: Polyphenols are natural chemical compounds, common in higher plants as and particularly known and appreciated for their health properties. We focused attention on Citrus bergamia, Citrus sinensis, Mela annurca and Vitis Vinifera. Citrus is one of larges species among plant; it consists of 40 species which are distributed in all continents and its fruits. We have developed a fast HPLC with ion-trap TOF-MS method for the analysis of flavonoids in these juices. With respect to the typical methods for the analysis of these matrices based on conventional HPLC techniques, a tenfold faster separation was attained. The nutraceutical potential of Citrus bergamia and sinensis extract was evaluated in vitro, on J774A.1 murine macrophages induced by LPS and in human hepatoblastoma cells Hepg2. Our results demonstrated that juices act as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in LPS-treated J774A.1 macrophages. Annurca apple, possesses not only a particular taste and flavor, but also several healthy properties. With the aim to thoroughly elucidate the polyphenolic profile of this variety, an extensive qualitative profiling of Annurca apple polyphenolic extract was carried out, by employing a combination of ultra high performance reversed phase (RP-UHPLC) and hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to ion trap-time of flight (IT-TOF) mass spectrometry. Thanks to the different selectivity obtained with the HILIC, in combination with accurate mass measurements, an improved separation and detection of procyanidins, was obtained for the first time in this kind. Red grapes are rich in phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and resveratrol, all substances which have been suggested as having nutraceutical and health benefits. The berry skin and wine of grape cultivar Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Aglianico), were examined to determinate the presence of the above mentioned compounds as well as to establish the inorganic cation profile. The wine made with the same grape used for berry skin assays showed a notable presence of quercetin-3-O-glucoside. The processed grape juice processed (lioRGJ) was tested on cardiac-derived H9C2 myocytes to ascertain its effects on reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation and caspase-3 activity. These results would suggest that higher doses of antioxidants occurring in the juice sample may cause apoptotic cell injury via effector caspase-3 activation and subsequent induction of ROS and RNS generation. [edited by author]
Role of the scalar $f_0(980)$ in the process $D_s^+ \to π^{+} π^{0} π^{0}$
Creators: name: Zhang, Han
name: Lyu, Yun-He
name: Liu, Li-Juan
name: Wang, En
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the BESIII measurements on the reaction of $D_s^+\to π^+π^0π^0$, we investigate this process by considering the $S$-wave pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar interaction within the unitary chiral approach, and the contributions from the intermediate resonances $f_0(1370)$ and $f_2(1270)$. Our calculation could reasonably reproduce the experimental data, and our results imply that the $f_0(980)$, dynamically generated from the $S$-wave pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar interaction, plays an important role in this process, and the contributions from the intermediate resonances $f_0(1370)$ and $f_2(1270)$ are also necessary. The more precise measurements of this process in future could shed light on the nature of the $f_0(1370)$ and $f_2(1270)$.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Revealing H2D+ depletion and compact structure in starless and protostellar cores with ALMA
Creators: name: Friesen, R. K.
name: Di Francesco, J.
name: Bourke, T. L.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Jørgensen, J. K.
name: Pineda, J. E.
name: Wong, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the submillimeter dust continuum and H2D+ 1_{10}-1_{11} emission toward two evolved, potentially protostellar cores within the Ophiuchus molecular cloud, Oph A SM1 and SM1N. The data reveal small-scale condensations within both cores, with mass upper limits of M
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ
A new look at the $P_{cs}$ states from a molecular perspective
Creators: name: Feijoo, Albert
name: Wang, Wen-Fei
name: Xiao, Chu-Wen
name: Wu, Jia-Jun
name: Oset, Eulogio
name: Nieves, Juan
name: Zou, Bing-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have a look at the $P_{cs}$ states generated from the interaction of $\bar D^{(*)} Ξ^{(\prime*)}_c$ coupled channels. We consider the blocks of pseudoscalar-baryon $({\frac12}^+, {\frac32}^+)$ and vector-baryon $({\frac12}^+, {\frac32}^+)$, and find $10$ resonant states coupling mostly to $\bar D Ξ_c, \bar D^* Ξ_c,\bar D Ξ'_c, \bar D^* Ξ'_c,\bar D Ξ^*_c$ and $\bar D^* Ξ^*_c$. A novel aspect of the work is the realization that the $\bar D Ξ_c,\bar D_sΛ_c$ or $\bar D^* Ξ_c,\bar D^*_sΛ_c$ channels, with a strong transition potential, collaborate to produce a larger attraction than the corresponding states $\bar D Σ_c,\bar DΛ_c$ or $\bar D^* Σ_c,\bar D^*Λ_c$ appearing in the generation of the strangenessless $P_{c}$ states, since in the latter case the transition potential between those channels is zero. The extra attraction obtained in the $\bar D Ξ_c,\bar D^* Ξ_c$ pairs preclude the association of these channels to the $P_{cs}(4338)$ and $P_{cs}(4459)$ states respectively. Then we find a natural association of the $P_{cs}(4338)$ state coupling mostly to $\bar D^* Ξ_c$ while the $P_{cs}(4459)$ is associated to the state found that couples mostly to $\bar D Ξ'_c$. Four more states appear, like in other molecular pictures, and some of the states are degenerate in spin. Counting different spin states we find $10$ states, which we hope can be observed in the near future.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Have Greater Systemic Responsiveness to Ex Vivo Stimulation with Swine Dust Extract and its Components Versus Healthy Volunteers
Creators: name: Poole, Jill A.
name: Romberger, Debra J.
name: Alexis, Neil
name: Gleason, Angela
name: Qiu, Fang
name: Harting, Janel R.
name: Von Essen, Susanna G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an airway and systemic inflammatory response. Bioaerosols/organic dusts are important agricultural pollutants that may lead to COPD. These environments are complex containing a rich source of various microbial components. The objective of this study was to determine whether individuals with COPD have enhanced systemic responsiveness to settled swine facility organic dust extract (ODE) or its main pathogenic components (peptidoglycan [PGN], lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) versus healthy volunteers. A modified whole blood assay (WBA) that included occupational levels of ODE and concentrations of LPS and PGN found in ODE was used to determine systemic responsiveness (mediator release), and sputum inflammatory markers were measured to explore for systemic and airway associations. Sputum samples were evaluated for cell counts, and TNF-α, IL-8/CXCL8, IL-6, and IL-10. Ex vivo whole blood stimulation with ODE, LPS, and PGN each resulted in significant mediator release in all subjects, the highest occurring with ODE; PGN resulted in significantly enhanced TNF-α and IL-8 as compared to LPS. COPD subjects demonstrated greater systemic responsiveness using the modified WBA versus healthy controls. Within COPD subjects, blood baseline TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 and ODE, PGN, and LPS-stimulated IL-8 levels significantly correlated with lung function. In conclusion, dust-induced mediator release was robust, and PGN, in part, resembled dust-induced mediator release. Subjects with COPD demonstrated increased mediator release following ex vivo whole blood stimulation with bioaerosol components suggesting that circulating blood cells in COPD subjects may be primed to respond greater to microbial/inflammatory insult.
" MANUAL DO RICARDINHO: um guia sobre doenças cardíacas" - Relato de experiência
Creators: name: do Amaral Miguel, Maria Eduarda
name: Lima Brandão, Johnny
name: Xavier Reis, Sofia
name: Vieira Batista, Silas
name: Abreu da Silva, Renata Flávia
name: Cerqueira Vargas, Ana Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV) são uma das principais causas de mortalidade no Brasil e no mundo. Nesse contexto, a educação em saúde surge como uma das formas mais eficazes de intervenção. Este trabalho trata-se de um relato de experiência na confecção de um material de educação em saúde e seu objetivo é descrever a experiência acerca da elaboração deste manual educativo para pacientes com DCV. Como resultado, obteve-se o "Manual do RiCardinho: Um Guia Sobre Doenças Cardíacas", que aborda anatomia e fisiologia do coração, hipertensão, etc. Sendo assim, útil na prevenção de DCV.
Improving accuracy and temporal resolution of learning curve estimation for within- and across-session analysis
Creators: name: Deliano, Matthias
name: Tabelow, Karsten
name: König, Reinhard
name: Polzehl, Jörg
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 62P10
subject: 62G05
subject: 62G15

description: Estimation of learning curves is ubiquitously based on proportions of correct responses within moving trial windows. In this approach, it is tacitly assumed that learning performance is constant within the moving windows, which, however, is often not the case. In the present study we demonstrate that violations of this assumption lead to systematic errors in the analysis of learning curves, and we explored the dependency of these errors on window size, different statistical models, and learning phase. To reduce these errors for single subjects as well as on the population level, we propose adequate statistical methods for the estimation of learning curves and the construction of confidence intervals, trial by trial. Applied to data from a shuttle-box avoidance experiment with Mongolian gerbils, our approach revealed performance changes occurring at multiple temporal scales within and across training sessions which were otherwise obscured in the conventional analysis. The proper assessment of the behavioral dynamics of learning at a high temporal resolution clarified and extended current descriptions of the process of avoidance learning. It further disambiguated the interpretation of neurophysiological signal changes recorded during training in relation to learning.
Superconducting Properties of BaBi$_{3}$
Creators: name: Haldolaarachchige, Neel
name: Kushwaha, S. K.
name: Gibson, Quinn
name: Cava, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the superconducting properties of single crystals of the intermetallic perovskite-related compound BaBi$_{3}$. The superconducting transition temperature ($T_{c}=5.82$~K) was obtained from heat capacity measurements. Using the measured values for the critical fields $H_{c1}, H_{c2}$, and the specific heat $C$, we estimate the thermodynamic critical field $H_{c}$(0), coherence length $ξ$(0), Debye temperature $Θ_{D}$ and coupling constant $λ_{ep}$. $ΔC/γT_{c}$ and $λ_{ep}$ suggest that BaBi$_{3}$ is a moderately coupled superconductor and $γ$ suggests an enhanced density of states at the Fermi level. Electronic band structure calculations show a complex Fermi surface and a moderately high DOS at the Fermi level. Further analysis of the electronic specific heat shows that the superconducting properties are dominated by s-wave gap.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1402.4440
Agricultural Exposures and Stroke Mortality in the Agricultural Health Study
Creators: name: Blair, Aaron
name: Beane Freeman, Laura E.
name: Chen, Honglei
name: Hoppin, Jane A.
name: Rinsky, Jessica L.
name: He, Ka
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Exposures associated with common agricultural activities may increase risk of stroke. The authors evaluated associations between self-reported agricultural activities including pesticide use and handling of crops and stroke mortality among 51,603 male pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). Vital status was obtained through 2008. Stroke mortality was defined by underlying or contributing cause of death (ICD-9 430–438, ICD-10 I60-I69). Information regarding lifetime pesticide use, working with crops or animals, engagement in other agricultural activities, and potential confounders was self-reported at enrollment. Cox proportional hazards models, with age as the time scale, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for state of residence, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Median follow-up time was 13 years, during which 308 stroke deaths occurred. No measure of overall or specific pesticide use was positively associated with mortality due to stroke. Stroke mortality was inversely associated with handling hay, grain, or silage at least once each year as reported at enrollment (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.98). There was no evidence of an association between pesticide use and stroke mortality. The inverse association between handling of hays and grains and stroke mortality may be due to (1) those engaging in such activities being healthier than those who did not or (2) exposure to some biological agent present in hays and grains. Further investigation of incident stroke, rather than stroke mortality, as well as stroke subtypes are needed to determine the full role of agricultural exposures and stroke.
Targeting the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 with phytochemicals from Saudi medicinal plants: molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics investigations
Creators: name: Eltaib, Lina
name: Alzain, Abdulrahim A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The new health crises caused by SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. First discovered in November 2021, the omicron variant is more transmissible and is able to evade the immune system better than other previously identified SARS-CoV-2 variants, leading to a spike in cases. Great efforts have been made to discover inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Main protease (Mpro) inhibitors are considered promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. The U.S. FDA has issued an Emergency Use Authorization for ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir. Nirmatrelvir is the first orally bioavailable inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. There is an urgent need to monitor the mutations and solve the problem of resistance, especially omicron Mpro, which contains one mutation - P132H. In the present study, 132,57 phytochemicals from 80 medicinal plants grown in Saudi Arabia were docked into the active site of Mpro omicron variant. Free binding energies were also calculated. This led to the discovery of five phytochemicals that showed better docking scores than the bound ligand nirmatrelvir. In addition, these molecules exhibited favorable free binding energies. The stability of compounds 1-5 with the protein was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These compounds showed acceptable ADMET properties. The results were compared with the wild type. These candidates could be envisioned as new hits against SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
TMR and FTMR analyzed result
Creators: name: Paul, Ovirup Bhushan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 70204 Animal Nutrition
subject: FOS: Animal and dairy science

description: The data obtained to fulfil internship report focused on animal nutrition during DVM degree accomplishment at Chittagong veterinary and Animal sciences University. Formatting is preserved when pasting from other sources
Phase space manipulations of many-body wavefunctions
Creators: name: Condon, G.
name: Fortun, A.
name: Billy, J.
name: Guéry-Odelin, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the manipulation in phase space of many-body wavefunctions that exhibit self-similar dynamics, under the application of sudden force and/or in the presence of a constant acceleration field. For this purpose, we work out a common theoretical framework based on the Wigner function. We discuss squeezing in position space, phase space rotation and its implications in cooling for both non-interacting and interacting gases, and time reversal operation. We discuss various optical analogies and calculate the role of spherical-like aberration in cooling protocols. We also present the equivalent of a spin-echo technique to improve the robustness of velocity dispersion reduction protocols.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. A
Velocity jump process with volume exclusions in a narrow channel
Creators: name: Tennakoon, Gayani
name: Taylor, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper analyses the impact of collisions in a system of $N$ identical hard-core particles driven according to a velocity jump process. The physical space is essentially a channel in $\mathbb{R}$ with a probability of occupants being able to pass each other. The system mimics what nature does, where individuals pass one another in a narrow channel while making incidental contact with those moving in the opposite direction. The passing probability may depend on the particles' size and the channel's width. Starting from the particle level model, we systematically derive a nonlinear transport equation based on an asymptotic expansion. Under low-occupied fractions, numerical solutions of both the kinetic model and the stochastic particle system are compared well during biased and unbiased random velocity changes. Analysis of the subpopulation motility within a large population exhibits the consequences of volume exclusions and channel confinements on the travelling speeds.
Comparative Analysis of the Relationship Between Trichloroethylene Metabolism and Tissue-Specific Toxicity Among Inbred Mouse Strains: Kidney Effects
Creators: name: Shymonyak, Svitlana
name: Bodnar, Wanda M.
name: Bradford, Blair U.
name: Uehara, Takeki
name: Ball, Louise M.
name: Collins, Leonard B.
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Gold, Avram
name: Kosyk, Oksana
name: Yoo, Hong Sik
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a well-known environmental and occupational toxicant that is classified as carcinogenic to humans based on the epidemiological evidence of an association with higher risk of renal cell carcinoma. A number of scientific issues critical for assessing human health risks from TCE remain unresolved, such as the amount of kidney-toxic glutathione conjugation metabolites formed, inter-species and -individual differences, and the mode of action for kidney carcinogenicity. We hypothesized that TCE metabolite levels in the kidney are associated with kidney-specific toxicity. Oral dosing with TCE was conducted in sub-acute (600 mg/kg/d; 5 days; 7 inbred mouse strains) and sub-chronic (100 or 400 mg/kg/d; 1, 2, or 4 weeks; 2 inbred mouse strains) designs. We evaluated the quantitative relationship between strain-, dose-, and time-dependent formation of TCE metabolites from cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation [trichloroacetic acid (TCA), dichloroacetic acid (DCA), and trichloroethanol] and glutathione conjugation [S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione], and various kidney toxicity phenotypes. In sub-acute study, we observed inter-strain differences in TCE metabolite levels in the kidney. In addition, we found that in several strains kidney-specific effects of TCE included induction of peroxisome proliferator-marker genes Cyp4a10 and Acox1, increased cell proliferation, and expression of KIM-1, a marker of tubular damage and regeneration. In sub-chronic study, peroxisome proliferator-marker gene induction and kidney toxicity diminished while cell proliferative response was elevated in a dose-dependent manner in NZW/LacJ, but not C57BL/6J mice. Overall, we show that TCE metabolite levels in the kidney are associated with kidney-specific toxicity and that these effects are strain-dependent.
HyDe: A Hybrid PCM/FeFET/SRAM Device-search for Optimizing Area and Energy-efficiencies in Analog IMC Platforms
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Abhiroop
name: Moitra, Abhishek
name: Panda, Priyadarshini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Today, there are a plethora of In-Memory Computing (IMC) devices- SRAMs, PCMs & FeFETs, that emulate convolutions on crossbar-arrays with high throughput. Each IMC device offers its own pros & cons during inference of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on crossbars in terms of area overhead, programming energy and non-idealities. A design-space exploration is, therefore, imperative to derive a hybrid-device architecture optimized for accurate DNN inference under the impact of non-idealities from multiple devices, while maintaining competitive area & energy-efficiencies. We propose a two-phase search framework (HyDe) that exploits the best of all worlds offered by multiple devices to determine an optimal hybrid-device architecture for a given DNN topology. Our hybrid models achieve upto 2.30-2.74x higher TOPS/mm^2 at 22-26% higher energy-efficiencies than baseline homogeneous models for a VGG16 DNN topology. We further propose a feasible implementation of the HyDe-derived hybrid-device architectures in the 2.5D design space using chiplets to reduce design effort and cost in the hardware fabrication involving multiple technology processes.
description: Accepted to IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems (JETCAS)
Convergence of tandem Brownian queues
Creators: name: López, Sergio I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is known that in a stationary Brownian queue with both arrival and service processes equal in law to Brownian motion, the departure process is a Brownian motion, that is, Burke's theorem in this context. In this short note we prove convergence to this invariant measure: if we have an arbitrary continuous process satisfying some mild conditions as initial arrival process and pass it through an infinite tandem network of queues, the resulting process weakly converges to a Brownian motion. We assume independent and exponential initial workloads for all queues.
description: 9 pages. Keywords: Brownian queue, tandem queues, Burke's theorem
Similarity assessment of charge variants for bevacizumab biosimilar formulations using imaged capillary isoelectric focusing
Creators: name: Bana, Arpit
name: Mehta, Priti
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The imaged capillary isoelectric focusing method was developed and validated for charge variant analysis of the bevacizumab innovator product and its biosimilar formulations (N = 2). The optimized method consists of; 4 M urea, 2.0 mM iminodiacetic acid, 0.35% m/v methylcellulose, 5.0 mM L-arginine, 4.0% v/v carrier ampholytes (narrow-range isoelectric point 5–8 and 8–10.5 with ratio of 1:3), 60 mM sodium hydroxide and 30 mM phosphoric acid as catholyte and anolyte solutions. The bevacizumab innovator and biosimilars formulations were observed with two acidic peaks followed by the main peak and two basic peaks. The validation of the developed method was done by performing intraday (n = 6) and interday (n = 9) precision studies with observed RSD < 2.0%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the developed method was found to be 0.016 and 0.048 mg mL−1. The charge variant profiles observed for innovator and biosimilar formulations (N = 2) were then applied for statistical comparison using one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s test. This study can serve as a reference to biosimilar manufacturers and startups on how to assess the charge variant profiles of bevacizumab during the manufacturing process.
Machine learning density functionals from the random-phase approximation
Creators: name: Riemelmoser, Stefan
name: Verdi, Carla
name: Kaltak, Merzuk
name: Kresse, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) is the standard method for first-principles calculations in computational chemistry and materials science. More accurate theories such as the random-phase approximation (RPA) are limited in application due to their large computational cost. Here, we construct a DFT substitute functional for the RPA using supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) techniques. Our ML-RPA model can be interpreted as a non-local extension to the standard gradient approximation. We train an ML-RPA functional for diamond surfaces and liquid water and show that ML-RPA can outperform the standard gradient functionals in terms of accuracy. Our work demonstrates how ML-RPA can extend the applicability of the RPA to larger system sizes, time scales and chemical spaces.
Numerical analysis of pit-to-crack transition under corrosion fatigue using a stochastic pit generation algorithm
Creators: name: Mokhtari, Mojtaba
name: Wang, Xintong
name: Amdahl, Jorgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Corrosion fatigue is a major threat to the integrity of marine structures. However, the combined damaging effect of corrosion and fatigue is not well understood due to the uncertainties associated with the stochastic nature of pitting corrosion. A pitting corrosion defect could have a quite complex morphology that varies randomly from one case to another. Nevertheless, in numerical corrosion fatigue studies, the complex pit morphology is often idealized using an overly simplified geometry with a smooth surface because of the diffi-culties involved in modelling defects with the irregular and random shapes of pitting corrosion. The present study investigates the influence of such geometrical simplifications on the results of numerical corrosion fatigue analyses. For this purpose, an isolated complex-shaped pit, generated using a hierarchical stochastic algorithm scripted in Python and linked with Abaqus/CAE, is developed in a Q235 steel dog-bone specimen. The numer-ical results obtained from this model are compared with those from another model containing an idealized counterpart of the irregular pit. A discussion on the effect of pit morphology on the stress/strain history and distribution and fatigue crack initiation is presented.
Comparative Analysis of the Relationship Between Trichloroethylene Metabolism and Tissue-Specific Toxicity Among Inbred Mouse Strains: Liver Effects
Creators: name: Bradford, Blair U.
name: Collins, Leonard B.
name: Uehara, Takeki
name: Bodnar, Wanda M.
name: Gold, Avram
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Yoo, Hong Sik
name: Ball, Louise M.
name: Shymonyak, Svitlana
name: Kosyk, Oksana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a widely used organic solvent. Although TCE is classified as carcinogenic to humans, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of inter-individual variability in TCE metabolism and toxicity, especially in the liver. We tested a hypothesis that amounts of oxidative metabolites of TCE in mouse liver are associated with liver-specific toxicity. Oral dosing with TCE was conducted in sub-acute (600 mg/kg/d; 5 days; 7 inbred mouse strains) and sub-chronic (100 or 400 mg/kg/d; 1, 2, or 4 weeks; 2 inbred mouse strains) designs. We evaluated the quantitative relationship between strain-, dose-, and time-dependent formation of TCE metabolites from cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation [trichloroacetic acid (TCA), dichloroacetic acid (DCA), and trichloroethanol] and glutathione conjugation [S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione] in serum and liver, and various liver toxicity phenotypes. In sub-acute study, inter-strain variability in TCE metabolite amounts was observed in serum and liver. No induction of Cyp2e1 protein levels in liver was detected. Serum and liver levels of TCA and DCA were correlated with increased transcription of peroxisome proliferator-marker genes Cyp4a10 and Acox1, but not with degree of induction in hepatocellular proliferation. In sub-chronic study, serum and liver levels of oxidative metabolites gradually decreased over time despite continuous dosing. Liver protein levels of Cyp2e1, Adh and Aldh2 were unaffected by treatment with TCE. While the magnitude of induction of peroxisome proliferator-marker genes also declined, hepatocellular proliferation increased. This study offers a unique opportunity to provide a scientific data-driven rationale for some of the major assumptions in human health assessment of TCE.
Effects of low-level deuterium enrichment on bacterial growth
Creators: name: Xie, Xueshu
name: Zubarev, Roman A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Using very precise (up to 0.05%) measurements of the growth parameters for bacteria E. coli grown on minimal media, we aimed to determine the lowest deuterium concentration at which the adverse effects that are prominent at higher enrichments start to become noticeable. Such a threshold was found at 0.5% D, a surprisingly high value, while the ultralow deuterium concentrations (up to 0.25% D) showed signs of the opposite trend. Bacterial adaptation for 400 generations in isotopically different environment confirmed preference for ultralow (up to 0.25% D) enrichment. This effect appears to be similar to those described in sporadic but multiple earlier reports. Possible explanations include hormesis and isotopic resonance phenomena, with the latter explanation being favored.
description: Accepted to PLoS One. Press embargo applies
Alla ricerca di un bilanciamento tra la protezione dei diritti fondamentali nell’ambito dello Spazio di Libertà, Sicurezza e Giustizia e gli interessi nazionali: il Covid-19 alla prova dei fatti
Creators: name: Riccardi, Luigimaria
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2020
Subjects: ASFJ
ECHR
Covid-19
art. 15 ECHR
Balance

description: The aim of this study is to understand whether or not the actions taken by the Member States of the European Union (EU) during the COVID-19 emergency were successful in ensuring an adequate balance between their national interests and respect of the fundamental rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) most directly related to the EU Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ).
Evaluating Evidence for Association of Human Bladder Cancer with Drinking-Water Chlorination Disinfection By-Products
Creators: name: Backer, Lorraine C.
name: Hrudey, Steve E.
name: Humpage, Andrew R.
name: Krasner, Stuart W.
name: Michaud, Dominique S.
name: Moore, Lee E.
name: Stanford, Benjamin D.
name: Singer, Philip C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Exposure to chlorination disinfection by-products (CxDBPs) is prevalent in populations using chlorination-based methods to disinfect public water supplies. Multifaceted research has been directed for decades to identify, characterize, and understand the toxicology of these compounds, control and minimize their formation, and conduct epidemiologic studies related to exposure. Urinary bladder cancer has been the health risk most consistently associated with CxDBPs in epidemiologic studies. An international workshop was held to (1) discuss the qualitative strengths and limitations that inform the association between bladder cancer and CxDBPs in the context of possible causation, (2) identify knowledge gaps for this topic in relation to chlorine/chloramine-based disinfection practice(s) in the United States, and (3) assess the evidence for informing risk management. Epidemiological evidence linking exposures to CxDBPs in drinking water to human bladder cancer risk provides insight into causality. However, because of imprecise, inaccurate, or incomplete estimation of CxDBPs levels in epidemiologic studies, translation from hazard identification directly to risk management and regulatory policy for CxDBPs can be challenging. Quantitative risk estimates derived from toxicological risk assessment for CxDBPs currently cannot be reconciled with those from epidemiologic studies, notwithstanding the complexities involved, making regulatory interpretation difficult. Evidence presented here has both strengths and limitations that require additional studies to resolve and improve the understanding of exposure response relationships. Replication of epidemiologic findings in independent populations with further elaboration of exposure assessment is needed to strengthen the knowledge base needed to better inform effective regulatory approaches.
Poissonian noise assisted transport in periodic systems
Creators: name: Spiechowicz, J.
name: Luczka, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C05, 82C31

description: We revisit the problem of transport of a harmonically driven inertial particle moving in a {\it symmetric} periodic potential, subjected to {\it unbiased} non-equilibrium generalized white Poissonian noise and coupled to thermal bath. Statistical asymmetry of Poissonian noise is sufficient to induce transport and under presence of external harmonic driving this system exhibits a phenomenon of multiple velocity reversals. Consequently, one can manipulate the direction of transport just by adjusting the parameters of externally applied forces.
Cosmological models in scale-independent energy-momentum squared gravity
Creators: name: Akarsu, Ozgur
name: Uzun, N. Merve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scale-independent EMSG is a particular model of energy-momentum squared gravity (EMSG) in which the new terms in the Einstein field equations arising from the EMSG theory enter with the same power as the usual terms from Einstein-Hilbert part of the action. However, the model violates the local energy-momentum conservation and matter-current conservation in general and hence, permits a process of matter creation/annihilation in an expanding universe. Consequently, the scale factor dependencies of the energy densities are modified by the dimensionless model parameter $α$. We revisit some nostalgias such as static universes and de Sitter/steady state universes. We reproduce the original ones, moreover, present some novelties, e.g., a spatially flat static universe, de Sitter expansion by negative vacuum energy, steady state universes in the presence of arbitrary fluids with constant equation of state (EoS) parameter other than dust, etc. We also investigate the possible dynamics of dust dominated and radiation dominated universes. Depending on the value of $α$, dust/radiation dominated universe exhibits power-law accelerated/decelerated expansion, corresponds to a steady state model or may end in a big rip. In the framework of anisotropic cosmology, we reproduce Barrow's quiescent universe in the presence of stiff fluid and extend it to fluids with arbitrary constant EoS parameter. We also relax the condition for isotropic initial singularity (big bang) owing to that EMSG effectively allows ultra-stiff EoS parameters.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure and no tables; matches the version published in Physics of the Dark Universe
DoE-assisted development and validation of a thin layer chromatography method for optimized separation of major cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. samples
Creators: name: de Souza, Maíra Ribeiro
name: Limberger, Renata Pereira
name: Henriques, Amélia Teresinha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: As interest in the medical use of cannabis and cannabinoids rises, the need to establish appropriate quality specifications for them also becomes evident. Consequently, various methods applied to the analyses of cannabinoids in C. sativa have been reported. Among the chromatographic techniques used for this purpose, TLC stands out as a suitable alternative for fingerprint assessment. Nevertheless, structural similarity between cannabinoids imposes some analytical challenges. In this context, DoE-assisted optimization may favor achieving an adequate resolution between those analytes. Accordingly, this study aimed at developing and validating a TLC method for cannabinoid profile monitoring in C. sativa inflorescences by employing a DoE-driven strategy. A mixture design was applied to estimate the ideal mobile phase composition. Data analyses focused on maximizing resolutions between eight major cannabinoids and improving band distribution throughout the chromatogram. The overall quality of the chromatographic profiles after method optimization was satisfactory. Method validation covered selectivity, precision, and ruggedness assessment. The Youden design was applied for simultaneous analysis of five experimental factors. The proposed method was shown to be fit-for-purpose, allowing chemotype differentiation, in addition to being stability-indicating. Moreover, the results can support the definition of control strategies to ensure consistent achievement of the intended method's performance.