cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gravitational Mesoscopic Constraints in Cosmological Dark Matter Halos
Creators: name: Dantas, Christine C.
name: Ramos, Fernando M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the behaviour of the `coarse-grained' (`mesoscopic') rank partitioning of the mean energy of collections of particles composing virialized dark matter halos in a Lambda-CDM cosmological simulation. We find evidence that rank preservation depends on halo mass, in the sense that more massive halos show more rank preservation than less massive ones. We find that the most massive halos obey Arnold's theorem (on the ordering of the characteristic frequencies of the system) more frequently than less massive halos. This method may be useful to evaluate the coarse-graining level (minimum number of particles per energy cell) necessary to reasonably measure signatures of `mesoscopic' rank orderings in a gravitational system.
description: LaTeX, 15 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy Journal
New Technologies for Sustainable Urban Transport in Europe
Creators: name: Parent, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the past few years, the European Commission has financed several projects to examine how new technologies could improve the sustainability of European cities. These technologies concern new public transportation modes such as guided buses to form high capacity networks similar to light rail but at a lower cost and better flexibility, PRT (Personal Rapid Transit) and cybercars (small urban vehicles with fully automatic driving capabilities to be used in carsharing mode, mostly as a complement to mass transport). They also concern private vehicles with technologies which could improve the efficiency of the vehicles as well as their safety (Intelligent Speed Adaptation, Adaptive Cruise >.Control, Stop&Go, Lane Keeping,...) and how these new vehicles can complement mass transport in the form of car-sharing services.
The XZZX Surface Code
Creators: name: Ataides, J. Pablo Bonilla
name: Tuckett, David K.
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
name: Flammia, Steven T.
name: Brown, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Performing large calculations with a quantum computer will likely require a fault-tolerant architecture based on quantum error-correcting codes. The challenge is to design practical quantum error-correcting codes that perform well against realistic noise using modest resources. Here we show that a variant of the surface code -- the XZZX code -- offers remarkable performance for fault-tolerant quantum computation. The error threshold of this code matches what can be achieved with random codes (hashing) for every single-qubit Pauli noise channel; it is the first explicit code shown to have this universal property. We present numerical evidence that the threshold even exceeds this hashing bound for an experimentally relevant range of noise parameters. Focusing on the common situation where qubit dephasing is the dominant noise, we show that this code has a practical, high-performance decoder and surpasses all previously known thresholds in the realistic setting where syndrome measurements are unreliable. We go on to demonstrate the favourable sub-threshold resource scaling that can be obtained by specialising a code to exploit structure in the noise. We show that it is possible to maintain all of these advantages when we perform fault-tolerant quantum computation.
description: 10+6 pages, 11 figures; v2 - minor clarifying changes; v3 - final author version. Data and code used to produce our results available at https://bitbucket.org/qecsim/qsdxzzx/. The available software extends and uses services from the quantum error correction simulation package qecsim
Optimal Retaliation in International Commodity Markets
Creators: name: Vanzetti, David
name: Kennedy, John O.S.
name: Vanzetti, David
name: Kennedy, John O.S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Retaliation and other strategic trade policies can be readily observed in world commodity markets. Strategic behaviour can be analysed with game-theoretic models. Game theory is used to assess the effects of retaliation, given that traders assume that rivals will respond to any policy change. Estimates of expected responses are obtained for each trading bloc, and are included in regional welfare functions. These are used to derive a market-cleaning global equilibrium in which domestic prices, trade flow and welfare distribution in each region are determined. Market power among importers relative to exporters determines the effect of changes in expectations of retaliation on optimal trade policies and trade flows. The analysis is applied to a twenty-one region linear wheat trade model.
Nucleon-to-Delta axial transition form factors in relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Geng, L. S.
name: Camalich, J. Martin
name: Alvarez-Ruso, L.
name: Vacas, M. J. Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a theoretical study of the axial Nucleon to Delta(1232) ($N\toΔ$) transition form factors up to one-loop order in relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory. We adopt a formalism in which the $Δ$ couplings obey the spin-3/2 gauge symmetry and, therefore, decouple the unphysical spin-1/2 fields. We compare the results with phenomenological form factors obtained from neutrino bubble chamber data and in quark models.
description: A few clarifying remarks added; version to appear in Physical Review D
Scalaron-Higgs inflation reloaded: Higgs-dependent scalaron mass and primordial black hole dark matter
Creators: name: Gundhi, Anirudh
name: Steinwachs, Christian F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an extension of the scalaron-Higgs model by a non-minimal coupling of the Standard Model Higgs boson to the quadratic Ricci scalar resulting in a Higgs-dependent scalaron mass. The model predicts a successful stage of effective single-field Starobinsky inflation. It features a multi-field amplification mechanism leading to a peak in the inflationary power spectrum at small wavelengths which enhances the production of primordial black holes. The extended scalaron-Higgs model unifies inflationary cosmology with elementary particle physics and explains the origin of cold dark matter in terms of primordial black holes without assuming any new particles.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures; V3: references added, typos corrected, discussion improved; published in EPJC
Collapse of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles under Hydrostatic Pressure
Creators: name: Gadagkar, Vikram
name: Maiti, Prabal K.
name: Lansac, Yves
name: Jagota, A.
name: Sood, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use classical molecular dynamics simulations to study the collapse of single (SWNT) and double-walled (DWNT) carbon nanotube bundles under hydrostatic pressure. The collapse pressure (pc) varies as 1/R^3, where R is the SWNT radius or the DWNT effective radius. The bundles show ~ 30% hysteresis and the hexagonally close packed lattice is completely restored on decompression. The pc of DWNT is found to be close to the sum of its values for the inner and the outer tubes considered separately as SWNT, demonstrating that the inner tube supports the outer tube and that the effective bending stiffness of DWNT, D(DWNT) ~ 2D(SWNT) . We use an elastica formulation to derive the scaling and the collapse behavior of DWNT and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in Physical Review B. After publication, it will be available at http://prb.aps.org/
On Vacuum Fluctuations in Quantum Gravity and Interferometer Arm Fluctuations
Creators: name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple model of spacetime vacuum fluctuations motivated by AdS/CFT, where the vacuum is described by a thermal density matrix, $ρ= \frac{e^{-K}}{\mbox{Tr}(e^{-K})}$ with $K$ the modular Hamiltonian. In AdS/CFT, both the expectation value of $K$ and its fluctuations $\langle ΔK^2 \rangle$ have been calculated; both obey an area law identical to the Bekenstein-Hawking area law of black hole mechanics: $\langle K \rangle = \langle ΔK^2 \rangle = \frac{A}{4 G_N}$, where $A$ is the area of an (extremal) entangling surface. It has also been shown that $ΔK$ gravitates in AdS, and hence generates metric fluctuations. These theoretical results are intriguing, but it is not known how to precisely extend such ideas about holographic quantum gravity to ordinary flat space. We take the approach of considering whether experimental signatures in metric fluctuations could determine properties of the vacuum of quantum gravity in flat space. In particular, we propose a theoretical model motived by the AdS/CFT calculations that reproduces the most important features of modular Hamiltonian fluctuations; the model consists of a high occupation number bosonic degree of freedom. We show that if this theory couples through ordinary gravitational couplings to the mirrors in an interferometer with strain sensitivity similar to what will be available for gravitational waves, vacuum fluctuations could be observable.
description: 4 pages, no figures. v2: abstract and introduction revised for a broader audience; model unchanged
On the inclusive gluon jet production off the nucleus in the perturbative QCD
Creators: name: Braun, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the perturbative QCD approach single and double inclusive cross-sections for gluon production off the nucleus are studied from the relevant reggeized gluon diagrams. Various terms corresponding to emission of gluons from the triple Pomeron vertex are found. Among them the term derived by Kovchegov and Tuchin emerges as a result of transition from the diffractive to effective high-energy vertex. However it does not exhaust all the vertex contributions to the inclusive cross-section. In the double inclusive cross-section a contribution violating naive AGK rules is found, in which one gluon is emitted from the vertex and the other from one of the Pomerons below the vertex. But then this contribution is subdominant at high energies and taking it into account seems to be questionable.
description: 22 pages in LaTex, inclusing 7 figures
ISSUES IN STATE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Maki, Wilbur R.
name: Maki, Wilbur R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This paper focuses on state and local governments and the policy choices affecting the state's long-term economic outlook. It addresses the preparation, organization and use of decision information in the management of state and local governments as these governments are affected by, and, in turn, affect the economy of the state. Its particular focus is on data, but timely and accurate information on the state of the state's economy and its prospects for growth and development in a rapidly changing national and world economy.
Remarks on the geometry of almost complex 6-manifolds
Creators: name: Bryant, Robert L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15 (Primary), 53A55 (Secondary)

description: This article is mostly a writeup of two talks, the first given in the Besse Seminar at the Ecole Polytechnique in 1998 and the second given at the 2000 International Congress on Differential Geometry in memory of Alfred Gray in Bilbao, Spain. It begins with a discussion of basic geometry of almost complex 6-manifolds. In particular, I define a 2-parameter family of intrinsic first-order functionals on almost complex structures on 6-manifolds and compute their Euler-Lagrange equations. It also includes a discussion of a natural generalization of holomorphic bundles over complex manifolds to the almost complex case. The general almost complex manifold will not admit any nontrivial bundles of this type, but there is a large class of nonintegrable almost complex manifolds for which there are such nontrivial bundles. For example, the standard almost complex structure on the 6-sphere admits such nontrivial bundles. This class of almost complex manifolds in dimension 6 will be referred to as quasi-integrable. Some of the properties of quasi-integrable structures (both almost complex and unitary) are developed and some examples are given. However, it turns out that quasi-integrability is not an involutive condition, so the full generality of these structures in Cartan's sense is not well-understood.
description: 45 pages, no figures. Version 2 contains minor improvements (typos corrected, statements reworded for clarity), a few added remarks, and a dedication
Competition between Superconductivity and Charge Density Wave Ordering in the Lu$_5$Ir$_4$(Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$)$_{10}$ Alloy System
Creators: name: Singh, Yogesh
name: Nirmala, R.
name: Ramakrishnan, S.
name: Malik, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed bulk measurements such as dc magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and heat capacity on the pseudo-ternary alloys Lu$_5$Ir$_4$(Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$)$_{10}$ to study the interplay and competition between superconductivity and the charge density wave (CDW) ordering transition. We track the evolution of the superconducting transition temperature T$_{SC}$ and the CDW ordering temperature T$_{CDW}$ as a function of x (concentration of Ge) ($0.0 \leq x\leq~1.0$). We find that increasing x (increasing disorder) suppresses the T$_{CDW}$ rapidly with the concomitant increase in T$_{SC}$. We present a temperature-concentration (or volume) phase diagram for this system and compare our results with earlier work on substitution at the Lu or Ir site to show how dilution at the Si site presents a different situation from these other works. The heat capacity data in the vicinity of the CDW transition has been analyzed using a model of critical fluctuations in addition to a mean-field contribution and a smooth lattice background. We find that the critical exponents change appreciably with increasing disorder. This analysis suggests that the strong-coupling and non mean-field like CDW transition in the parent compound Lu$_5$Ir$_4$Si$_{10}$ changes to a mean-field like transition with increasing Ge concentration.
description: 14 pages and 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Adaptationism and trait individuation
Creators: name: DiFrisco, James
name: Ramsey, Grant
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Gene Expression
subject: Gene Expression
classificationCode: Developmental Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
classificationCode: Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
subject: Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
classificationCode: Computational & Systems Biology
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Adaptationism is often taken to be the thesis that most traits are adaptations. To assess this thesis, it seems we must be able to establish either an exhaustive set of all traits or a representative sample of this set. Either task requires a more systematic and principled way of individuating traits than is currently available. Moreover, different trait individuation criteria can make adaptationism turn out true or false. For instance, individuation based on natural selection may render adaptationism true, but may do so by presupposing adaptationism. In this article, we show how adaptationism depends on trait individuation and that the latter is an open and unsolved problem.
BARGE TRAFFIC ON THE ILLINOIS AND MISSOURI RIVERS: 1972-1992
Creators: name: Fruin, Jerry E.
name: Halbach, Daniel Walter
name: Fruin, Jerry E.
name: Halbach, Daniel Walter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper reviews the traffic volumes and changes in traffic volumes, destinations, and commodity mixes on the Illinois and Missouri Rivers. The time period reviewed is 1972 to 1992.
Revisiting radiative leptonic $B$ decay
Creators: name: Shen, Yue-Long
name: Wei, Yan-Bing
name: Zhao, Xue-Chen
name: Zhou, Si-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we summarize the existing methods of solving the evolution equation of the leading-twist $B$-meson LCDA. Then, in the Mellin space, we derive a factorization formula with next-to-leading-logarithmic (NLL) resummation for the form factors $F_{A,V}$ in the $B \to γ\ellν$ decay at leading power in $Λ/m_b$. Furthermore, we investigate the power suppressed local contributions, factorizable non-local contributions (which are suppressed by $1/E_γ$ and $1/m_b$), and soft contributions to the form factors. In the numerical analysis, which employs the two-loop-level hard function and the jet function, we find that both the resummation effect and the power corrections can sizably decrease the form factors. Finally, the integrated branching ratios are also calculated for comparison with future experimental data.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Cold atom dynamics in a quantum optical lattice potential
Creators: name: Maschler, Christoph
name: Ritsch, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a generalized cold atom Bose Hubbard model, where the periodic optical potential is formed by a cavity field with quantum properties. On the one hand the common coupling of all atoms to the same mode introduces cavity mediated long range atom-atom interactions and on the other hand atomic backaction on the field introduces atom-field entanglement. This modifies the properties of the associated quantum phase transitions and allows for new correlated atom-field states including superposition of different atomic quantum phases. After deriving an approximative Hamiltonian including the new long range interaction terms we exhibit central physical phenomena at generic configurations of few atoms in few wells. We find strong modifications of population fluctuations and next-nearest neighbor correlations near the phase transition point.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, corrected typos
Barnes slave boson approach to the two-site single impurity Anderson model with non-local interaction
Creators: name: Fresard, Raymond
name: Ouerdane, Henni
name: Kopp, Thilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Barnes slave boson approach to the $U=\infty$ single impurity Anderson model extended by a non-local Coulomb interaction is revisited. We demonstrate first that the radial gauge representation facilitates the treatment of such a non-local interaction by performing the \emph{exact} evaluation of the path integrals representing the partition function, the impurity hole density and the impurity hole density autocorrelation function for a two-site cluster. The free energy is also obtained on the same footing. Next, the exact results are compared to their approximations at saddle-point level, and it is shown that the saddle point evaluation recovers the exact answer in the limit of strong non-local Coulomb interaction, while the agreement between both schemes remains satisfactory in a large parameter range.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, published version
511 keV Gamma Ray from Moduli Decay in the Galactic Bulge
Creators: name: Kawasaki, M.
name: Yanagida, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the $e^++e^-$ decay of a light scalar boson of mass 1-10 MeV may account for the fluxes of 511 keV gamma ray observed by SPI/INTEGRAL. We argue that candidates of such a light scalar boson is one of the string moduli or a scalar partner of the axion in a supersymmetric theory.
description: 6 pages, no figure, we have added an appendix to describe the dilution of the moduli by the thermal inflation and some minor corrections
A comparative study of using two numerical strategies to simulate the biochemical processes in microbially induced calcite precipitation
Creators: name: Feng, Dianlei
name: Wang, Xuerui
name: Nackenhorst, Udo
name: Zhang, Xuming
name: Pan, Pengzhi
Publisher: name: Wechselnde Erscheinungsorte : Elsevier
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Advection-diffusion-reaction (ADR) equation
subject: Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP)
subject: OpenGeoSys-PHREEQC
subject: Time discontinuous Galerkin (TDG) method
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: In this study, we carried out a comparative study of two different numerical strategies for the modeling of the biogeochemical processes in microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process. A simplified MICP model was used, which is based on the mass transport theory. Two numerical strategies, namely the operator splitting (OS) and the global implicit (GI) strategies, were adopted to solve the coupled reactive mass transport problems. These two strategies were compared in the aspects of numerical accuracy, convergence property and computational efficiency by solving the presented MICP model. To look more into the details of the model, sensitivity analysis of some important modeling parameters was also carried out in this paper.
Momentum, Density, and Isospin dependence of the Symmetric and Asymmetric Nuclear Matter Properties
Creators: name: van Dalen, E. N. E.
name: Fuchs, C.
name: Faessler, Amand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter have been investigated in the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach based on projection techniques using the Bonn A potential. The momentum, density, and isospin dependence of the optical potentials and nucleon effective masses are studied. It turns out that the isovector optical potential depends sensitively on density and momentum, but is almost insensitive to the isospin asymmetry. Furthermore, the Dirac mass $m^*_D$ and the nonrelativistic mass $m^*_{NR}$ which parametrizes the energy dependence of the single particle spectrum, are both determined from relativistic Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations. The nonrelativistic mass shows a characteristic peak structure at momenta slightly above the Fermi momentum $\kf$. The relativistic Dirac mass shows a proton-neutron mass splitting of $m^*_{D,n} m^*_{NR,p}$ which is in agreement with the results from nonrelativistic calculations.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, to appear in Physical Review C
Energy and Human Ambitions on a Finite Planet
Creators: name: Murphy, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: eScholarship, University of California
Year: 2021
Subjects: energy
renewables
solar power
wind power
nuclear power
adaptation

description: Where is humanity going? How realistic is a future of fusion and space colonies? What constraints are imposed by physics, by resource availability, and by human psychology? Are default expectations grounded in reality? This textbook, written for a general-education audience, aims to address these questions without either the hype or the indifference typical of many books. The message throughout is that humanity faces a broad sweep of foundational problems as we inevitably transition away from fossil fuels and confront planetary limits in a host of unprecedented ways—a shift whose scale and probable rapidity offers little historical guidance. Salvaging a decent future requires keen awareness, quantitative assessment, deliberate preventive action, and—above all—recognition that prevailing assumptions about human identity and destiny have been cruelly misshapen by the profoundly unsustainable trajectory of the last 150 years. The goal is to shake off unfounded and unexamined expectations, while elucidating the relevant physics and encouraging greater facility in quantitative reasoning. After addressing limits to growth, population dynamics, uncooperative space environments, and the current fossil underpinnings of modern civilization, various sources of alternative energy are considered in detail— assessing how they stack up against each other, and which show the greatest potential. Following this is an exploration of systemic human impediments to effective and timely responses, capped by guidelines for individual adaptations resulting in reduced energy and material demands on the planet’s groaning capacity. Appendices provide refreshers on math and chemistry, as well as supplementary material of potential interest relating to cosmology, electric transportation, and an evolutionary perspective on humanity’s place in nature.
An open-source framework for the uncertainty quantification of aeroelastic wind turbine simulation tools
Creators: name: Verdonck, H.
name: Hach, O.
name: Polman, J.D.
name: Braun, O.
name: Balzani, C.
name: Müller, S.
name: Rieke, J.
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publ.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Aeroelasticity
subject: Sensitivity analysis
subject: Time domain analysis
subject: Wind turbines
subject: Chaos expansions
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The uncertainty quantification of aeroelastic wind turbine simulations is an active research topic. This paper presents a dedicated, open-source framework for this purpose. The framework is built around the uncertainpy package, likewise available as open source. Uncertainty quantification is done with a non-intrusive, global and variance-based surrogate model, using PCE (i.e., polynomial chaos expansion). Two methods to handle the uncertain parameter distribution along the blades are presented. The framework is demonstrated on the basis of an aeroelastic stability analysis. A sensitivity analysis is performed on the influence of the flapwise, edgewise and torsional stiffness of the blades on the damping of the most critical mode for both a Bladed linearization and a Bladed time domain simulation. The sensitivities of both models are in excellent agreement and the PCE surrogate models are shown to be accurate approximations of the true models.
Controlled decoherence in a quantum Lévy kicked rotator
Creators: name: Schomerus, Henning
name: Lutz, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theory describing the dynamics of quantum kicked rotators (modelling cold atoms in a pulsed optical field) which are subjected to combined amplitude and timing noise generated by a renewal process (acting as an engineered reservoir). For waiting-time distributions of variable exponent (Lévy noise), we demonstrate the existence of a regime of nonexponential loss of phase coherence. In this regime, the momentum dynamics is subdiffusive, which also manifests itself in a non-Gaussian limiting distribution and a fractional power-law decay of the inverse participation ratio. The purity initially decays with a stretched exponential which is followed by two regimes of power-law decay with different exponents. The averaged logarithm of the fidelity probes the sprinkling distribution of the renewal process. These analytical results are confirmed by numerical computations on quantum kicked rotators subjected to noise events generated by a Yule-Simon distribution.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Reaching the Planck scale with muon lifetime measurements
Creators: name: Lobo, Iarley P.
name: Pfeifer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planck scale modified dispersion relations are one way how to capture the influence of quantum gravity on the propagation of fundamental point particles effectively. We derive the time dilation between an observer's or particle's proper time, given by a Finslerian length measure induced from a modified dispersion relation, and a reference laboratory time. To do so, the Finsler length measure for general first order perturbations of the general relativistic dispersion relation is constructed explicitly. From this we then derive the time dilation formula for the $κ$-Poincaré dispersion relation in several momentum space bases, as well as for modified dispersion relations considered in the context of string theory and loop quantum gravity. Most interestingly we find that the momentum Lorentz factor in the present and future colliders can, in principle, become large enough to constrain the Finsler realization of the $κ$-Poincaré dispersion relation in the bicrossproduct basis as well as a string theory inspired modified dispersion relation, at Planck scale sensitivity with the help of the muon's lifetime.
description: 9 pages, 1 table
Towards a New Cultural History of Law
Creators: name: Siemens, Daniel
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2012

description: Finding ways of integrating law and legal practices into historical narratives is one of the most challenging fields of modern historiography. In the article to follow, the problems posed will be discussed on a historiographical and on a theoretical level. Firstly, I analyze the efforts social historians have undertaken in order to come to terms with law since the 1970s and discuss the extent to which their attempts to deal with legal matters differed from traditional legal history. Secondly, I explore the problematic relationship between law and historiography with reference to recent research in the field that is either influenced by the “performative turn” of the 1990s or by the flourishing area of global history. My findings indicate that while a considerable number of micro-historical studies on law and criminality now exist, macro-histories remain rather wary of approaches that stress the performative aspects of law. I conclude by highlighting the reasons making it such a complicated endeavor to write a new cultural history of law that aims at transgressing the boundaries of social as well as legal history. First of these is the enduring problem of the national boundedness of legal norms and structures. Another essential aspect is the question of language—are all historical descriptions of legal processes necessarily dependent on judicial logic and rhetoric? Finally, there is a problem of theory; what is the plane of reference for a general historiography sensitive for legal aspects and legal practices.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Law and Historiography: Contributions to a New Cultural History of Law
Deep Importance Sampling based on Regression for Model Inversion and Emulation
Creators: name: Llorente, F.
name: Martino, L.
name: Delgado, D.
name: Camps-Valls, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding systems by forward and inverse modeling is a recurrent topic of research in many domains of science and engineering. In this context, Monte Carlo methods have been widely used as powerful tools for numerical inference and optimization. They require the choice of a suitable proposal density that is crucial for their performance. For this reason, several adaptive importance sampling (AIS) schemes have been proposed in the literature. We here present an AIS framework called Regression-based Adaptive Deep Importance Sampling (RADIS). In RADIS, the key idea is the adaptive construction via regression of a non-parametric proposal density (i.e., an emulator), which mimics the posterior distribution and hence minimizes the mismatch between proposal and target densities. RADIS is based on a deep architecture of two (or more) nested IS schemes, in order to draw samples from the constructed emulator. The algorithm is highly efficient since employs the posterior approximation as proposal density, which can be improved adding more support points. As a consequence, RADIS asymptotically converges to an exact sampler under mild conditions. Additionally, the emulator produced by RADIS can be in turn used as a cheap surrogate model for further studies. We introduce two specific RADIS implementations that use Gaussian Processes (GPs) and Nearest Neighbors (NN) for constructing the emulator. Several numerical experiments and comparisons show the benefits of the proposed schemes. A real-world application in remote sensing model inversion and emulation confirms the validity of the approach.
CASH - FUTURES PRICE RELATIONSHIPS: GUIDES TO CORN MARKETING
Creators: name: Karlson, Nicholas
name: Anderson, Brad
name: Dahl, Reynold P.
name: Karlson, Nicholas
name: Anderson, Brad
name: Dahl, Reynold P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This study analyzes the role of futures markets in corn marketing decisions. Besides price discovery and price-risk management, hedging in the futures market facilitates a return to corn storage. First, the seasonality in corn marketings and prices is examined. Second, the seasonality of the difference between cash and futures prices, the basis, is analyzed. Understanding the basis is important because it is a useful guide for decisions on corn storage and sale. Finally, several corn marketing strategies are developed and analyzed. Cash corn prices at Clarkfield, Minnesota, and futures prices on the Chicago Board of Trade are used in the analysis.
Floquet Gauge Pumps as Sensors for Spectral Degeneracies Protected by Symmetry or Topology
Creators: name: Kumar, Abhishek
name: Ortiz, Gerardo
name: Richerme, Philip
name: Seradjeh, Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of a Floquet gauge pump whereby a dynamically engineered Floquet Hamiltonian is employed to reveal the inherent degeneracy of the ground state in interacting systems. We demonstrate this concept in a one-dimensional XY model with periodically driven couplings and transverse field. In the high-frequency limit, we obtain the Floquet Hamiltonian consisting of the static XY and dynamically generated Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction (DMI) terms. The dynamically generated magnetization current depends on the phases of complex coupling terms, with the XY interaction as the real and DMI as the imaginary part. As these phases are cycled, the current reveals the ground-state degeneracies that distinguish the ordered and disordered phases. We discuss experimental requirements needed to realize the Floquet gauge pump in a synthetic quantum spin system of interacting trapped ions.
description: 4.5 pages, 4 figures + supplemental material
Insights into the evolution of an oceanic hydrothermal system and a method for constraining estimates of the vigor of hydrothermal convection
Creators: name: Alt-Epping, Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The permeability of the oceanic crust is the primary hydrologic parameter that controls the geometry, the vigor, and the duration of hydrothermal fluid flow at mid-ocean ridges. The coupling of fluid flow, temperature, and chemistry and the effect of the permeability on these coupled processes are assessed to determine whether geochemical data can be used to constrain estimates of basement permeabilities and the vigor of convection. The coupling of flow, temperature, and chemistry is investigated for an open, sedimented ridge setting from the onset of fluid motion after an initial state of a conductive temperature distribution and fluid stagnation, to a near steady-state convective system. Fluid residence times, physical water/rock ratios, temperature conditions, recharge and discharge rates, flow geometries, and the degree of fluid mixing are calculated for the evolving hydrothermal system and the influence of these parameters on mineral alteration and aqueous phase concentrations are discussed. The chemical evolution of the system suggests that despite differences in alteration patterns and the intensity of alteration for different basement permeabilities, the nature of the alteration reactions is unlikely to be a useful parameter for constraining the vigor of convection. Estimates of fluid velocity can be obtained using a formulation that relates the mass transfer between the solid and the fluid phase along the fluid's flowpath to the average velocity along the flowpath. Different regions in the hydrothermal system and a range of chemical species are examined to assess their usefulness in constraining estimates of average flow velocities. The results of these calculations suggest that the mass transfer of aqueous silica may be useful for estimating fluid flow velocities in hydrothermal systems, in particular in those regions of the system at or near quartz equilibrium so that aqueous silica concentration is buffered by quartz and correlated with the temperature distribution.
High-resolution large-eddy simulation of indoor turbulence and its effect on airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens - Model validation and infection probability analysis
Creators: name: Auvinen, Mikko
name: Kuula, Joel
name: Grönholm, Tiia
name: Sühring, Matthias
name: Hellsten, Antti
Publisher: name: [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : American Institute of Physics
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Aerosols
subject: Risk assessment
subject: Transmissions
subject: Turbulence
subject: Viruses
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: High-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES) is exploited to study indoor air turbulence and its effect on the dispersion of respiratory virus-laden aerosols and subsequent transmission risks. The LES modeling is carried out with unprecedented accuracy and subsequent analysis with novel mathematical robustness. To substantiate the physical relevance of the LES model under realistic ventilation conditions, a set of experimental aerosol concentration measurements are carried out, and their results are used to successfully validate the LES model results. The obtained LES dispersion results are subjected to pathogen exposure and infection probability analysis in accordance with the Wells-Riley model, which is here mathematically extended to rely on LES-based space- and time-dependent concentration fields. The methodology is applied to assess two dissimilar approaches to reduce transmission risks: a strategy to augment the indoor ventilation capacity with portable air purifiers and a strategy to utilize partitioning by exploiting portable space dividers. The LES results show that use of air purifiers leads to greater reduction in absolute risks compared to the analytical Wells-Riley model, which fails to predict the original risk level. However, the two models do agree on the relative risk reduction. The spatial partitioning strategy is demonstrated to have an undesirable effect when employed without other measures, but may yield desirable outcomes with targeted air purifier units. The study highlights the importance of employing accurate indoor turbulence modeling when evaluating different risk-reduction strategies.
CAN ECONOMIC GROWTH BE SUSTAINED? A POST-MALTHUSIAN PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Development

description: During the late 1990's, a spurt of growth in output and productivity led the business press, and some economists, to proclaim that the economy had entered a new era in which the old rules that governed cyclical and secular growth in the past no longer obtained. In the paper I present the results of a two sector economic growth model that demonstrates that as the share of the goods producing sectors (agriculture and manufacturing) continue to decline the service sector will have to bear almost the entire burden of sustaining productivity growth in the U.S. economy. A clear implication is that the rate of productivity growth, and the rate of output, will regress toward the rate of growth in its least productive sectors.
Justice as ›performance‹? The historiography of legal procedure and political criminal justice in Weimar Germany
Creators: name: Grunwald, Henning
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2012

description: Forensic theatre, courtroom drama: metaphors about the theatricality of legal procedure abound in scholarly writing. And yet, despite manifest structural similarities between stage and tribunal, historians as well as scholars of politics, law and culture have been slow to take seriously the performativity of law. In asking why, my contribution explores some of the challenges posed by a cultural history of the legal process as performance. After surveying appropriations of Performance Studies concepts by scholars of law, I formulate a working definition of the performativity of judicial procedure. Part two develops a tripartite matrix for categorizing interpretations of the nexus between performance and the legal process: surface/structural similarities; the performance of justice’s impartiality (and by extension the state’s legitimacy); and, brushing these against the grain, counter-performances of fundamental dissent. Empirically, this contribution draws on the politicization and aestheticization of trials in interwar Germany. In Weimar’s starkly polarized politics, performative aspects of trials such as performer-audience interaction and the creation/affirmation of community through sacrifice were particularly salient. Taking the performativity of justice seriously, my contribution argues, can help us better understand the deep impact of legal procedure on political culture.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Law and Historiography: Contributions to a New Cultural History of Law
Observation of $B^0 \to D^+ D^-$, $B^- \to D^0 D^-$ and $B^- \to D^0 D^{*-}$ decays
Creators: name: Majumder, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first observation of the decay modes $B^0 \to D^+ D^-$, $B^- \to D^0 D^-$ and $B^- \to D^0 D^{*-}$ based on 152 $\times$ 10$^6$ $B\bar{B}$ events collected at KEKB. The branching fractions of $B^0 \to D^+ D^-$, $B^- \to D^0 D^-$ and $B^- \to D^0 D^{*-}$ are found to be $(3.21 \pm 0.57 \pm 0.48) \times 10^{-4}$, $(5.62 \pm 0.82 \pm 0.65) \times 10^{-4}$ and $(4.59 \pm 0.72 \pm 0.56) \times 10^{-4}$, respectively. Charge asymmetries in the $B^- \to D^0 D^-$ and $B^- \to D^0 D^{*-}$ channels are consistent with zero.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, KEK Preprint 2004-99, Belle Prerpint 2005-3, submitted to PRL
Dynamical symmetrization of the state of identical particles
Creators: name: Allahverdyan, Armen E.
name: Hovhannisyan, Karen V.
name: Petrosyan, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a dynamical model for state symmetrization of two identical particles produced in spacelike-separated events by independent sources. We adopt the hypothesis that the pair of non-interacting particles can initially be described by a tensor product state since they are in principle distinguishable due to their spacelike separation. As the particles approach each other, a quantum jump takes place upon particle collision, which erases their distinguishability and projects the two-particle state onto an appropriately (anti)symmetrized state. The probability density of the collision times can be estimated quasi-classically using the Wigner functions of the particles' wavepackets, or derived from fully quantum mechanical considerations using an appropriately adapted time-of-arrival operator. Moreover, the state symmetrization can be formally regarded as a consequence of the spontaneous measurement of the collision time. We show that symmetric measurements performed on identical particles can in principle discriminate between the product and symmetrized states. Our model and its conclusions can be tested experimentally.
description: 10+5 pages, 3 figures
The critical incident negotiation process of public librarians in Aotearoa New Zealand
Creators: name: Pierson, Cameron M.
Publisher: name: Warsaw, Poland : De Gruyter Open
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: affective response
subject: critical incidents
subject: identity negotiations
subject: professional identity
subject: public librarianship
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::020 | Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: This paper reports findings from interviews with practicing public librarians in Aotearoa New Zealand. It details respondent understanding of influences on perception and behaviour, and critical incidents as they relate to librarian professional identity. In-depth semi-structed interviews were conducted with forty practicing public librarians. Interviews were analysed with an inductive approach. Findings report on sample tendencies of dominant influences on practitioners' perception and behaviour, impacting professional identity development over time. Dominant influences are respondent understanding of the strongest aspect they understand to influence their professional identity for both their individual perception of their professional identity and social factors influencing their professional behaviour. Findings also report on the identity negotiation process prompted by critical incidents, whose criticality is reliant on individual perception of incident in relation to professional identity. This process outlines affective response to the critical incident as a gateway to identity negotiations, leading to a discovery and/or growth of an identity facet, which will either affirm or undermine identity understanding. This process may be iterative, as meaning ascribed to the incident may change over time. Three theoretical propositions are presented articulating the role of dominant influences and critical incidents on identity negotiations of public librarian professional identity.