cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in Post-War Italy's Cultural Context
Creators: name: Del Santo, Flavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After World War II, a hyper-pragmatic paradigm was established in physics in most of the western countries, within which foundations of quantum mechanics were vastly dismissed as pointless speculations. In this paper, we show that in Italy, however, the interest toward quantum foundations was revived at the turn of the 1960s, mainly thanks to the initiative of Franco Selleri, who started criticising the contents and the practice of modern physics (in the context of capitalistic society), and thought that the solution was to be sought in a rethinking of the foundations of the discipline. In 1969, supported by Luis de Broglie himself, Selleri wrote a paper reviving the idea of hidden variables and he successfully proposed to the Italian Physical Society to devote the "Varenna School" of 1970 to quantum foundations. This school's historical pivotal importance is twofold: it gathered some of the most preeminent international physicists working on the foundations of quantum theory; and it provided a first platform for young physicists to express their dissatisfaction towards "scientism". In fact, Selleri's highly politicised views found the favour of a critical mass of young, left-wing physicists, who made of quantum foundations their main topic of research in the 1970s. Although these physicists understood very early the central importance of Bell's theorem, their (ideological) aim was to demonstrate that quantum theory could have limits of validity. Such a research program turned out to be unsuccessful, yet the Italian endeavour was worldwide one of the first and most significant revivals of the interest towards quantum foundations.
description: 19 pages. Forthcoming in Freire, O. Jr. (ed.), "The Oxford Handbook of the History of Interpretations of Quantum Physics", Oxford University Press, 2021
Free-Floating Planets, the Einstein Desert, and 'Oumuamua
Creators: name: Gould, Andrew
name: Jung, Youn Kil
name: Hwang, Kyu-Ha
name: Dong, Subo
name: Albrow, Michael D.
name: Chung, Sun-Ju
name: Han, Cheongho
name: Ryu, Yoon-Hyun
name: Shin, In-Gu
name: Shvartzvald, Yossi
name: Yang, Hongjing
name: Yee, Jennifer C.
name: Zang, Weicheng
name: Cha, Sang-Mok
name: Kim, Dong-Jin
name: Kim, Seung-Lee
name: Lee, Chung-Uk
name: Lee, Dong-Joo
name: Lee, Yongseok
name: Park, Byeong-Gon
name: Pogge, Richard W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the survey for finite-source/point-lens (FSPL) giant-source events in 2016-2019 KMTNet microlensing data. The 30 FSPL events show a clear gap in Einstein radius, $9\,μ{\rm as}<θ_{\rm E} <26\,μ{\rm as}$, which is consistent with the gap in Einstein timescales near $t_{\rm E}\sim 0.5\,$days found by Mroz et al. (2017) in an independent sample of point-source/point-lens (PSPL) events. We demonstrate that the two surveys are consistent. We estimate that the 4 events below this gap are due to a power-law distribution of free-floating planet candidates (FFPs) $dN_{\rm FFP}/d\log M = (0.4\pm 0.2)\,(M/38 M_\oplus)^{-p}$/star, with $0.9\lesssim p \lesssim 1.2$. There are substantially more FFPs than known bound planets, implying that the bound planet power-law index $γ=0.6$ is likely shaped by the ejection process at least as much as by formation. The mass density per decade of FFPs in the Solar neighborhood is of the same order as that of 'Oumuamua-like objects. In particular, if we assume that 'Oumuamua is part of the same process that ejected the FFPs to very wide or unbound orbits, the power-law index is $p=0.92\pm 0.06$. If the Solar System's endowment of Neptune-mass objects in Neptune-like orbits is typical, which is consistent with the results of Poleski et al. (2021), then these could account for a substantial fraction of the FFPs in the Neptune-mass range.
description: 20 pages, 9 Figures, submitted to JKAS
Thermopower enhancement by fractional layer control in 2D oxide superlattices
Creators: name: Choi, Woo Seok
name: Ohta, Hiromichi
name: Lee, Ho Nyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated two-dimensional thermoelectric properties in transition metal oxide heterostructures. In particular, we adopted an unprecedented approach to direct tuning of the 2D carrier density using fractionally δ-doped oxide superlattices. By artificially controlling the carrier density in the 2D electron gas that emerges at a LaxSr1-xTiO3 δ-doped layer, we demonstrate that a thermopower as large as 408 μV K-1 can be reached. This approach also yielded a power factor of the 2D carriers 117 μWcm-1K-2, which is one of the largest reported values from transition metal oxide based materials. The promising result can be attributed to the anisotropic band structure in the 2D system, indicating that δ-doped oxide superlattices can be a good candidate for advanced thermoelectrics.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, Advanced Materials Early View (2014)
On maximally mixed equilibria of two-dimensional perfect fluids
Creators: name: Dolce, Michele
name: Drivas, Theodore D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q31

description: The vorticity of a two-dimensional perfect (incompressible and inviscid) fluid is transported by its area preserving flow. Given an initial vorticity distribution $ω_0$, predicting the long time behavior which can persist is an issue of fundamental importance. In the infinite time limit, some irreversible mixing of $ω_0$ can occur. Since kinetic energy $\mathsf{E}$ is conserved, not all the mixed states are relevant and it is natural to consider only the ones with energy $\mathsf{E}_0$ corresponding to $ω_0$. The set of said vorticity fields, denoted by $\overline{\mathcal{O}_{ω_0}}^*\cap \{ {\mathsf E}= {\mathsf E}_0\}$, contains all the possible end states of the fluid motion. A. Shnirelman introduced the concept of maximally mixed states (any further mixing would necessarily change their energy), and proved they are perfect fluid equilibria. We offer a new perspective on this theory by showing that any minimizer of any strictly convex Casimir in $\overline{\mathcal{O}_{ω_0}}^*\cap \{ {\mathsf E}= {\mathsf E}_0\}$ is maximally mixed, as well as discuss its relation to classical statistical hydrodynamics theories. Thus, (weak) convergence to equilibrium cannot be excluded solely on the grounds of vorticity transport and conservation of kinetic energy. On the other hand, on domains with symmetry (e.g. straight channel or annulus), we exploit all the conserved quantities and the characterizations of $\overline{\mathcal{O}_{ω_0}}^*\cap \{ {\mathsf E}= {\mathsf E}_0\}$ to give examples of open sets of initial data which can be arbitrarily close to any shear or radial flow in $L^1$ of vorticity but do not weakly converge to them in the long time limit.
description: 36 pages
A no-go theorem on the nature of the gravitational field beyond quantum theory
Creators: name: Galley, Thomas D.
name: Giacomini, Flaminia
name: Selby, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, table-top experiments involving massive quantum systems have been proposed to test the interface of quantum theory and gravity. In particular, the crucial point of the debate is whether it is possible to conclude anything on the quantum nature of the gravitational field, provided that two quantum systems become entangled solely due to the gravitational interaction. Typically, this question has been addressed by assuming a specific physical theory to describe the gravitational interaction, but no systematic approach to characterise the set of possible gravitational theories which are compatible with the observation of entanglement has been proposed. Here, we remedy this by introducing the framework of Generalised Probabilistic Theories (GPTs) to the study of the nature of the gravitational field. This framework enables us to systematically study all theories compatible with the detection of entanglement generated via the gravitational interaction between two systems. We prove a no-go theorem stating that the following statements are incompatible: i) gravity is able to generate entanglement; ii) gravity mediates the interaction between the systems; iii) gravity is classical. We analyse the violation of each condition, in particular with respect to alternative non-linear models such as the Schrödinger-Newton equation and Collapse Models.
description: 8 pages main text; 6 pages Appendices; many diagrams. Version accepted in Quantum
Loopholes in Bell Inequality Tests of Local Realism
Creators: name: Larsson, Jan-Åke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bell inequalities are intended to show that local realist theories cannot describe the world. A local realist theory is one where physical properties are defined prior to and independent of measurement, and no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. Quantum-mechanical predictions for certain experiments violate the Bell inequality while a local realist theory cannot, and this shows that a local realist theory cannot give those quantum-mechanical predictions. However, because of unexpected circumstances or "loopholes" in available experiment tests, local realist theories can reproduce the data from these experiments. This paper reviews such loopholes, what effect they have on Bell inequality tests, and how to avoid them in experiment. Avoiding all these simultaneously in one experiment, usually called a "loophole-free" or "definitive" Bell test, remains an open task, but is very important for technological tasks such as device-independent security of quantum cryptography, and ultimately for our understanding of the world.
description: 42 pages, 2 figures
Ext Data File 3 CEACAM6_Articles_Biomarker Relevance_Step3d_2022 Sept14
Creators: name: Chaussabel, Damien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biomarkers

description: Extended Data File 3: a spreadsheet in the MS Excel format used to capture information from the CEACAM6 literature regarding its actual or potential use as a biomarker
Gravitational Edge Modes, Coadjoint Orbits, and Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Donnelly, William
name: Freidel, Laurent
name: Moosavian, Seyed Faroogh
name: Speranza, Antony J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase space of general relativity in a finite subregion is characterized by edge modes localized at the codimension-2 boundary, transforming under an infinite-dimensional group of symmetries. The quantization of this symmetry algebra is conjectured to be an important aspect of quantum gravity. As a step towards quantization, we derive a complete classification of the positive-area coadjoint orbits of this group for boundaries that are topologically a 2-sphere. This classification parallels Wigner's famous classification of representations of the Poincaré group since both groups have the structure of a semidirect product. We find that the total area is a Casimir of the algebra, analogous to mass in the Poincaré group. A further infinite family of Casimirs can be constructed from the curvature of the normal bundle of the boundary surface. These arise as invariants of the little group, which is the group of area-preserving diffeomorphisms, and are the analogues of spin. Additionally, we show that the symmetry group of hydrodynamics appears as a reduction of the corner symmetries of general relativity. Coadjoint orbits of both groups are classified by the same set of invariants, and, in the case of the hydrodynamical group, the invariants are interpreted as the generalized enstrophies of the fluid.
description: 44 pages + 10 pages bonus content, 1 figure
Search for 70 μeV Dark Photon Dark Matter with a Dielectrically-Loaded Multi-Wavelength Microwave Cavity
Creators: name: Cervantes, R.
name: Carosi, G.
name: Hanretty, C.
name: Kimes, S.
name: LaRoque, B. H.
name: Leum, G.
name: Mohapatra, P.
name: Oblath, N. S.
name: Ottens, R.
name: Park, Y.
name: Rybka, G.
name: Sinnis, J.
name: Yang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microwave cavities have been deployed to search for bosonic dark matter candidates with masses of a few $μ$eV. However, the sensitivity of these cavity detectors is limited by their volume, and the traditionally-employed half-wavelength cavities suffer from a significant volume reduction at higher masses. ADMX-Orpheus mitigates this issue by operating a tunable, dielectrically-loaded cavity at a higher-order mode, which allows the detection volume to remain large. The ADMX-Orpheus inaugural run excludes dark photon dark matter with kinetic mixing angle $χ> 10^{-13}$ between 65.5 $μ$eV (15.8 GHz) and 69.3 $μ$eV (16.8GHz), marking the highest-frequency tunable microwave cavity dark matter search to date.
description: 7 pages, 5 figure, to be submitted to PRL
What triggers a radio AGN? The intriguing case of PKSB 1718-649
Creators: name: Maccagni, F. M.
name: Morganti, R.
name: Oosterloo, T. A.
name: Mahony, E. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) observations of the young (< 10^2 years) radio galaxy PKS B1718-649. We study the morphology and the kinematics of the neutral hydrogen (HI) disk (M(HI) = 1.1x 10^10 M(sun), radius ~ 30 kpc). In particular, we focus on the analysis of the cold gas in relation to the triggering of the nuclear activity. The asymmetries at the edges of the disk date the last interaction with a companion to more than 1 Gyr ago. The tilted-ring model of the HI disk shows that this event may have formed the disk as we see it now, but that it may have not been responsible for triggering the AGN. The long timescales of the interaction are incompatible with the short ones of the radio activity. In absorption, we identify two clouds with radial motions which may represent a population that could be involved in the triggering of the radio activity. We argue that PKS B1718-649 may belong to a family of young low-excitation radio AGN where, rather than through a gas rich merger, the active nuclei (AGN) are triggered by local mechanisms such as accretion of small gas clouds.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, Accepted to A&A
Cohomologie analytique des arrangements d'hyperplans
Creators: name: Junger, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we study the cohomology of some analytic sheaves on the complementary in the projective space of a suitable infinite collection of hyperplane like the Drinfel'd symetric space. In particular, the sheaf of invertible functions on these rigid spaces has no cohomology in degree greater or equal to $1$. This proves the vanishing of the Picard goup and the methods used give a convenient description of the global invertible functions.
description: 38 pages, in french. To be appeared in "Algebra & Number Theory" journal
Periodic and localized waves in parabolic-law media with third- and fourth-order dispersions
Creators: name: Triki, Houria
name: Kruglov, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation of femtosecond light pulses inside an optical fiber medium exhibiting higher-order dispersion and cubic-quintic nonlinearities. Pulse evolution in such system is governed by a higher-order nonlinear Schr% ödinger equation incorporating second-, third-, and fourth-order dispersions as well as cubic and quintic nonlinearities. Novel classes of periodic wave solutions are identified for the first time by means of an appropriate equation method. Results presented indicated the potentially rich set of periodic waves in the system under the combined influence of higher-order dispersive effects and cubic-quintic nonlinearity. Solitary waves of both bright and dark types are also obtained as a limiting case for appropriate periodic solutions. It is found that the velocity of these structures is uniquely dependent on all orders of dispersion. Conditions on the optical fiber parameters for the existence of these stable nonlinear wave-forms are presented as well.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Hexagon Bootstrap in the Double Scaling Limit
Creators: name: Chestnov, Vsevolod
name: Papathanasiou, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the six-particle amplitude in planar $\mathcal{N} = 4$ super Yang-Mills theory in the double scaling (DS) limit, the only nontrivial codimension-one boundary of its positive kinematic region. We construct the relevant function space, which is significantly constrained due to the extended Steinmann relations, up to weight 13 in coproduct form, and up to weight 12 as an explicit polylogarithmic representation. Expanding the latter in the collinear boundary of the DS limit, and using the Pentagon Operator Product Expansion, we compute the non-divergent coefficient of a certain component of the Next-to-Maximally-Helicity-Violating amplitude through weight 12 and eight loops. We also specialize our results to the overlapping origin limit, observing a general pattern for its leading divergences.
description: 32 pages, 3 figures, 8 tables; v2: minor typos corrected, references added, acknowledgments made more precise
Constraints on $R^n$ gravity from precession of orbits of S2-like stars: a case of a bulk distribution of mass
Creators: name: Zakharov, Alexander F.
name: Borka, Dusko
name: Jovanović, Vesna Borka
name: Jovanović, Predrag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we investigate possible applications of observed stellar orbits around Galactic Center for constraining the R$^n$ gravity at Galactic scales. For that purpose, we simulated orbits of S2-like stars around the massive black hole at Galactic Center, and study the constraints on the R$^n$ gravity which could be obtained by the present and next generations of large telescopes. Our results show that R$^n$ gravity affects the simulated orbits in the qualitatively similar way as a bulk distribution of matter (including a stellar cluster and dark matter distributions) in Newton's gravity. In the cases where the density of extended mass is higher, the maximum allowed value of parameter $β$ in R$^n$ gravity is noticeably smaller, due to the fact that the both extended mass and $R^n$ gravity cause the retrograde orbital precession.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research
Anomalous Symmetries End at the Boundary
Creators: name: Thorngren, Ryan
name: Wang, Yifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A global symmetry of a quantum field theory is said to have an 't Hooft anomaly if it cannot be promoted to a local symmetry of a gauged theory. In this paper, we show that the anomaly is also an obstruction to defining symmetric boundary conditions. This applies to Lorentz symmetries with gravitational anomalies as well. For theories with perturbative anomalies, we demonstrate the obstruction by analyzing the Wess-Zumino consistency conditions and current Ward identities in the presence of a boundary. We then recast the problem in terms of symmetry defects and find the same conclusions for anomalies of discrete and orientation-reversing global symmetries, up to the conjecture that global gravitational anomalies, which may not be associated with any diffeomorphism symmetry, also forbid the existence of boundary conditions. This conjecture holds for known gravitational anomalies in $D \le 3$ which allows us to conclude the obstruction result for $D \le 4$.
description: 45 pages, 4 figures
$W$-Boson Mass, Electroweak Precision Tests and SMEFT
Creators: name: Fan, JiJi
name: Li, Lingfeng
name: Liu, Tao
name: Lyu, Kun-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the CDF collaboration at the Tevatron reported a significant discrepancy between the direct measurement of the $W$-boson mass and its Standard Model (SM) prediction based on electroweak precision tests (EWPTs). In this paper we explore the potential origin of this discrepancy from physics beyond the SM. Explicitly, we work on a set of six-dimensional operators in the SM effective field theory (SMEFT) which are relevant to the EWPTs. By fitting to the data, we demonstrate that an upward shift in $m_W$ is driven by the operator $\mathcal{O}_{T}=\frac{1}{2}(H^{\dagger}\overset{\text{$\leftrightarrow$}}{D}_μH)^2$ with a coefficient $c_T ({\rm TeV}/Λ)^2 \gtrsim 0.01$. This suggests that the new physics scale favored by the CDF data should be multiple TeV for tree-level effects and sub TeV for loop-level effects. One simple example is to introduce a hypercharge-free electroweak triplet scalar which can raise the $c_T$ value at tree level. We also study the potential to further test the relevant SMEFT by measuring Higgs-coupling, $m_W$ and other EWPTs at future circular $e^-e^+$ colliders.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, version accepted by PRD for publication
Cotorsion-free groups from a topological viewpoint
Creators: name: Eda, Katsuya
name: Fischer, Hanspeter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20K45, 55Q52, 20K30, 55N10

description: We present a characterization of cotorsion-free abelian groups in terms of homomorphisms from fundamental groups of Peano continua, which aligns naturally with the generalization of slenderness to non-abelian groups. In the process, we calculate the first homology group of the Griffiths twin cone.
description: 14 pages
Full Geometric Control of Hidden Color Information in Diffraction Gratings under Angled White Light Illumination
Creators: name: Chan, John You En
name: Ruan, Qifeng
name: Wang, Hongtao
name: Wang, Hao
name: Liu, Hailong
name: Yan, Zhiyuan
name: Qiu, Cheng-Wei
name: Yang, Joel K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under white light illumination, gratings produce an angular distribution of wavelengths dependent on the diffraction order and geometric parameters. However, previous studies of gratings are limited to at least one geometric parameter (height, periodicity, orientation, angle of incidence) kept constant. Here, we vary all geometric parameters in the gratings using a versatile nanofabrication technique, two-photon polymerization lithography, to encode hidden color information through 2 design approaches. The first approach hides color information by decoupling the effects of grating height and periodicity under normal and oblique incidence. The second approach hides multiple sets of color information by arranging gratings in sectors around semi-circular pixels. Different images are revealed with negligible crosstalk under oblique incidence and varying sample rotation angles. Our analysis shows that an angular separation >= 10° between adjacent sectors is required to suppress crosstalk. This work has potential applications in information storage and security watermarks.
Entanglement transfer via Chiral Quantum Walk on a Triangular Chain
Creators: name: Sağlam, Utku
name: Paternostro, Mauro
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the chiral quantum walk (CQW) as a mechanism for an entanglement transfer on a triangular chain structure. We specifically consider two-site spatially entangled cases in short-time and long-time regimes. Using the concurrence as an entanglement measure; fidelity, and the Bures distance as the measure of the quality of the state transfer, we evaluate the success of the entanglement transfer. We compare the entangled state transfer time and quality in CQW against a continuous-time quantum random walk. We also observe the effect of mixed states on the entanglement transfer quality.
Singularity formation in asymptotically safe cosmology with inhomogeneous equation of state
Creators: name: Trivedi, Oem
name: Khlopov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interest in cosmological singularities has remarkably grown in recent times, particularly on future singularities with the discovery of late-time acceleration of the universe and dark energy. While such explorations have previously been done in various modified gravity and quantum gravitationally inspired cosmologies (besides standard general relativistic cosmology), no such an endeavour has been taken up till now in the realms of renormalization group approaches to cosmology and we have hence took up on this journey. In this work, we consider the formation of cosmological singularities in an asymptotically safe cosmology where the cut off scale is proportional to the Hubble parameter. We consider a well motivated inhomogeneous form of the equation of state(EOS) as well. We firstly delve into some basics of this cosmology and show that such a scenario permits a transition between phantom and quintessence forms of universal evolution. We then show that one can have Type I - Type IV singularities in such a cosmology for various version of the EOS and that the singularities can occur both in finite and infinite time. The conditions in which these singularities occur is significantly different than how they occur in the standard cosmology, with the formulations being even more involved. Interestingly this difference comes about without the need of any free parameters in the cosmological models, which is usually what one observes when one goes for the same pursuit via various modified gravity/ QG inspired cosmological approaches. Furthermore, we showed that usual singularity removal methods like conformal anomaly effects and f(R) gravity effects do not offer much hope for singularity removal in this cosmology.
description: v2, 22 pages with no figures with minor changes, matches the published version in JCAP
Adaptive Wavelet Based Identification and Extraction of PQRST Combination in Randomly Stretching ECG Sequence
Creators: name: Nair, T. R. Gopalakrishnan
name: Geetha, A. P.
name: Asharani, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cardiovascular system study using ECG signals have evolved tremendously in the domain of electronics and signal processing. However, there are certain floating challenges unresolved in the analysis and detection of abnormal performances of cardiovascular system. As the medical field is moving towards more automated and intelligent systems, wrong detection or wrong interpretations of ECG waveform of abnormal conditions can be quite fatal. Since the PQRST signals vary their positions randomly, the process of locating, identifying and classifying each feature can be cumbersome and it is prone to errors. Here we present an automated scheme using adaptive wavelet to detect prominent R-peak with extreme accuracy and algorithmically tag and mark the coexisting peaks P, Q, S, and T with almost same accuracy. The adaptive wavelet approach used in this scheme is capable of detecting R-peak in ECG with 99.99% accuracy along with the rest of the waveforms.
description: Signal and Information Processing (SIP), 2013 IEEE China Summit & International Conference on, pp.278,282,Beijing, China, 6-10 July. 2013
The genus-zero five-vertex model
Creators: name: Kenyon, Richard
name: Prause, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the free energy and limit shape problem for the five-vertex model with periodic "genus zero" weights. We derive the exact phase diagram, free energy and surface tension for this model. We show that its surface tension has trivial potential and use this to give explicit parameterizations of limit shapes.
description: 28 pages, accepted version
Empirical Dust Attenuation Model Leads to More Realistic UVJ Diagram for TNG100 Galaxies
Creators: name: Nagaraj, Gautam
name: Forbes, John C.
name: Leja, Joel
name: Foreman-Mackey, Dan
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dust attenuation varies substantially from galaxy to galaxy and as of yet cannot be reproduced from first principles in theoretical models. In Nagaraj et al. (2022), we developed the first Bayesian population model of dust attenuation as a function of stellar population properties and projected galaxy shape, built on spectral energy distribution (SED) fits of nearly 30,000 galaxies in the 3D-HST grism survey with broadband photometric coverage from the rest-frame UV to IR. In this paper, we apply the model to galaxies from the large-volume cosmological simulation TNG100. We produce a UVJ diagram and compare it with one obtained in previous work by applying approximate radiative transfer to the simulated galaxies. We find that the UVJ diagram based on our empirical model is in better agreement with observations than the previous effort, especially in the number density of dusty star forming galaxies. We also construct the intrinsic dust-free UVJ diagram for TNG and 3D-HST galaxies at z ~ 1, finding qualitative agreement but residual differences at the 10-20% level. These differences can be largely attributed to the finding that TNG galaxies have, on average, 29% younger stellar populations and 0.28 dex higher metallicities than observed galaxies.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
Enabling Multi-programming Mechanism for Quantum Computing in the NISQ Era
Creators: name: Niu, Siyuan
name: Todri-Sanial, Aida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NISQ devices have several physical limitations and unavoidable noisy quantum operations, and only small circuits can be executed on a quantum machine to get reliable results. This leads to the quantum hardware under-utilization issue. Here, we address this problem and improve the quantum hardware throughput by proposing a Quantum Multi-programming Compiler (QuMC) to execute multiple quantum circuits on quantum hardware simultaneously. This approach can also reduce the total runtime of circuits. We first introduce a parallelism manager to select an appropriate number of circuits to be executed at the same time. Second, we present two different qubit partitioning algorithms to allocate reliable partitions to multiple circuits - a greedy and a heuristic. Third, we use the Simultaneous Randomized Benchmarking protocol to characterize the crosstalk properties and consider them in the qubit partition process to avoid the crosstalk effect during simultaneous executions. Finally, we enhance the mapping transition algorithm to make circuits executable on hardware using a decreased number of inserted gates. We demonstrate the performance of our QuMC approach by executing circuits of different sizes on IBM quantum hardware simultaneously. We also investigate this method on VQE algorithm to reduce its overhead.
E. coli chemotaxis is information-limited
Creators: name: Mattingly, Henry H.
name: Kamino, Keita
name: Machta, Benjamin B.
name: Emonet, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Organisms must acquire and use environmental information to guide their behaviors. However, it is unclear whether and how information quantitatively limits behavioral performance. Here, we relate information to behavioral performance in Escherichia coli chemotaxis. First, we derive a theoretical limit for the maximum achievable gradient-climbing speed given a cell's information acquisition rate. Next, we measure cells' gradient-climbing speeds and the rate of information acquisition by the chemotaxis pathway. We find that E. coli make behavioral decisions with much less than the 1 bit required to determine whether they are swimming up-gradient. However, they use this information efficiently, performing near the theoretical limit. Thus, information can limit organisms' performance, and sensory-motor pathways may have evolved to efficiently use information from the environment.
description: 17 pages of main text, 3 main text figures, 66 pages of supplementary text, 10 supplementary figures
The RNA Helicase DeaD Stimulates ExsA Translation To Promote Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System
Creators: name: Wolfgang, Matthew C.
name: Yahr, Timothy L.
name: Intile, Peter J.
name: Balzer, Grant J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT The Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) is a primary virulence factor important for phagocytic avoidance, disruption of host cell signaling, and host cell cytotoxicity. ExsA is the master regulator of T3SS transcription. The expression, synthesis, and activity of ExsA is tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic regulation consists of the well-characterized ExsECDA partner-switching cascade, while extrinsic factors include global regulators that alter exsA transcription and/or translation. To identify novel extrinsic regulators of ExsA, we conducted a transposon mutagenesis screen in the absence of intrinsic control. Transposon disruptions within gene PA2840, which encodes a homolog of the Escherichia coli RNA-helicase DeaD, significantly reduced T3SS gene expression. Recent studies indicate that E. coli DeaD can promote translation by relieving inhibitory secondary structures within target mRNAs. We report here that PA2840, renamed DeaD, stimulates ExsA synthesis at the posttranscriptional level. Genetic experiments demonstrate that the activity of an exsA translational fusion is reduced in a deaD mutant. In addition, exsA expression in trans fails to restore T3SS gene expression in a deaD mutant. We hypothesized that DeaD relaxes mRNA secondary structure to promote exsA translation and found that altering the mRNA sequence of exsA or the native exsA Shine-Dalgarno sequence relieved the requirement for DeaD in vivo . Finally, we show that purified DeaD promotes ExsA synthesis using in vitro translation assays. Together, these data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for P. aeruginosa DeaD and add to the complexity of global regulation of T3SS. IMPORTANCE Although members of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases are appreciated for their roles in mRNA degradation and ribosome biogenesis, an additional role in gene regulation is now emerging in bacteria. By relaxing secondary structures in mRNAs, DEAD box helicases are now thought to promote translation by enhancing ribosomal recruitment. We identify here an RNA helicase that plays a critical role in promoting ExsA synthesis, the central regulator of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system, and provide additional evidence that DEAD box helicases directly stimulate translation of target genes. The finding that DeaD stimulates exsA translation adds to a growing list of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that control type III gene expression.
Does BERT really agree ? Fine-grained Analysis of Lexical Dependence on a Syntactic Task
Creators: name: Lasri, Karim
name: Lenci, Alessandro
name: Poibeau, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although transformer-based Neural Language Models demonstrate impressive performance on a variety of tasks, their generalization abilities are not well understood. They have been shown to perform strongly on subject-verb number agreement in a wide array of settings, suggesting that they learned to track syntactic dependencies during their training even without explicit supervision. In this paper, we examine the extent to which BERT is able to perform lexically-independent subject-verb number agreement (NA) on targeted syntactic templates. To do so, we disrupt the lexical patterns found in naturally occurring stimuli for each targeted structure in a novel fine-grained analysis of BERT's behavior. Our results on nonce sentences suggest that the model generalizes well for simple templates, but fails to perform lexically-independent syntactic generalization when as little as one attractor is present.
description: ACL 2022 (Findings)
Impact of baseline polyneuropathy severity on patisiran treatment outcomes in the APOLLO trial
Creators: name: Quan, Dianna
name: Obici, Laura
name: Berk, John L.
name: Ando, Yukio
name: Aldinc, Emre
name: White, Matthew T.
name: Adams, David
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Assess how baseline polyneuropathy severity impacts response to patisiran regarding neurologic impairment and quality of life (QOL) in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (ATTRv amyloidosis). This post hoc analysis grouped patients from the Phase 3 APOLLO study (n = 225) by baseline Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) into quartiles: 6–<31; 31–<57; 57–<85.5; 85.5–141.6. Neurologic impairment (modified NIS+7 [mNIS+7], NIS total score), disability (Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale [R-ODS]), gait speed (10-meter walk test [10-MWT]), grip strength, and QOL (Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy [Norfolk QOL-DN] questionnaire) were assessed. Across all baseline NIS quartiles, patisiran improved several clinical markers of disease compared with placebo at 18 months. Patients in lower NIS quartiles, treated with patisiran earlier in the disease course, maintained better scores in mNIS+7, NIS total score, R-ODS, 10-MWT, grip strength, and Norfolk QOL-DN versus those in higher NIS quartiles, while placebo-treated patients experienced worsening of all functional measures after 18 months across all quartiles. Patisiran treatment improved neurologic function and QOL across a wide range of baseline polyneuropathy severities versus placebo. Timing of treatment initiation in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis remains critical for the preservation of function. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01960348)
Multi-Task Temporal Convolutional Networks for Joint Recognition of Surgical Phases and Steps in Gastric Bypass Procedures
Creators: name: Ramesh, Sanat
name: Dall'Alba, Diego
name: Gonzalez, Cristians
name: Yu, Tong
name: Mascagni, Pietro
name: Mutter, Didier
name: Marescaux, Jacques
name: Fiorini, Paolo
name: Padoy, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: Automatic segmentation and classification of surgical activity is crucial for providing advanced support in computer-assisted interventions and autonomous functionalities in robot-assisted surgeries. Prior works have focused on recognizing either coarse activities, such as phases, or fine-grained activities, such as gestures. This work aims at jointly recognizing two complementary levels of granularity directly from videos, namely phases and steps. Method: We introduce two correlated surgical activities, phases and steps, for the laparoscopic gastric bypass procedure. We propose a Multi-task Multi-Stage Temporal Convolutional Network (MTMS-TCN) along with a multi-task Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) training setup to jointly predict the phases and steps and benefit from their complementarity to better evaluate the execution of the procedure. We evaluate the proposed method on a large video dataset consisting of 40 surgical procedures (Bypass40). Results: We present experimental results from several baseline models for both phase and step recognition on the Bypass40 dataset. The proposed MTMS-TCN method outperforms in both phase and step recognition by 1-2% in accuracy, precision and recall, compared to single-task methods. Furthermore, for step recognition, MTMS-TCN achieves a superior performance of 3-6% compared to LSTM based models in accuracy, precision, and recall. Conclusion: In this work, we present a multi-task multi-stage temporal convolutional network for surgical activity recognition, which shows improved results compared to single-task models on the Bypass40 gastric bypass dataset with multi-level annotations. The proposed method shows that the joint modeling of phases and steps is beneficial to improve the overall recognition of each type of activity.
description: Accepted to IPCAI 2021
Men’s beliefs about HPV-related disease
Creators: name: Reiter, Paul L.
name: McRee, Annie-Laurie
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Ng, Terence W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: While human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with genital warts, anal cancer, and oral cancer, limited research has examined what men think causes these diseases. We sought to examine knowledge and beliefs about HPV-related disease among gay and bisexual men, who are at high risk for HPV infection and HPV-related cancers, and compare them to heterosexual men. We conducted an online survey in January 2009 with a national sample of men aged 18–59 who self-identified as either gay or bisexual (n = 312) or heterosexual (n = 296). The response rate was 70%. Fewer than half of men knew that HPV can cause genital warts (41%), anal cancer (24%), and oral cancers (23%). However, gay and bisexual men typically knew more than heterosexual men about these topics. Overall, most men believed that sexual behavior causes genital warts (70%) and anal cancer (54%), and tobacco use causes oral cancer (89%). Perceived causal factors differed substantially among the three diseases, while differences by sexual orientation were fewer and smaller in magnitude. Many men were unaware that HPV infection can cause genital warts, oral cancer, and anal cancer.
Heat transport and rectification via quantum statistical and coherence asymmetries
Creators: name: Palafox, Stephania
name: Román-Ancheyta, Ricardo
name: Çakmak, Barış
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments at the nanoscales confirm that thermal rectifiers, the thermal equivalent of electrical diodes, can operate in the quantum regime. We present a thorough investigation of the effect of different particle exchange statistics, coherence, and collective interactions on the quantum heat transport of rectifiers with two-terminal junctions. Using a collision model approach to describe the open system dynamics, we obtain a general expression of the nonlinear heat flow that fundamentally deviates from the Landauer formula whenever quantum statistical or coherence asymmetries are present in the bath particles. Building on this, we show that heat rectification is possible even with symmetric medium-bath couplings if the two baths differ in quantum statistics or coherence. Furthermore, the associated thermal conductance vanishes exponentially at low temperatures as in the Coulomb-blockade effect. However, at high temperatures it acquires a power-law behavior depending on the quantum statistics. Our results can be significant for heat management in hybrid open quantum systems or solid-state thermal circuits.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Close to the published version
Interpersonal influences on patients’ surgical decision making: the role of close others
Creators: name: Manne, Sharon L.
name: Goldsmith, Rachel E.
name: Harpaz, Noam
name: Itzkowitz, Steven H.
name: Jandorf, Lina
name: Rini, Christine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Patients make medical decisions in consultation with their partner, family, and friends. However, little is known about the ways in which these close others influence their decisions, particularly with respect to discrete decisions such as those related to medical treatments. This cross-sectional study investigated their influence on the surgical decisions of inflammatory bowel disease patients referred for surgery to remove their colon (N = 91). Guided by research on social control and classic research on power and influence in close relationships, we identified four types of close other decision influence: persuasion, assistance with understanding, indirect influence, and negative influence. Linear logistic and regression analyses showed that patients were more likely to have surgery when their close other used persuasion, and they reported lower decisional conflict when their close other helped them understand the decision. Patients were less likely to have surgery and reported greater decisional conflict when their close other used negative influence tactics. Findings demonstrate the importance of considering social context when investigating patient decision making.