cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hubble Space Telescope weak lensing study of the z=0.83 cluster MS 1054-03
Creators: name: Hoekstra, H.
name: Franx, M.
name: Kuijken, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the weak gravitational lensing signal of MS 1054-03, a rich and X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies at a redshift of z=0.83, using a two-colour mosaic of deep WFPC2 images. The small corrections for the size of the PSF and the high number density of background galaxies obtained in these observations result in an accurate and well calibrated measurement of the lensing induced distortion. The strength of the lensing signal depends on the redshift distribution of the background galaxies. We used photometric redshift distributions from the Northern and Southern Hubble Deep Fields to relate the lensing signal to the mass. The predicted variations of the signal as a function of apparent source magnitude and colour agrees well with the observed lensing signal. We determine a mass of (1.2+-0.2)x10^15 Msun within an aperture of radius 1 Mpc. Under the assumption of an isothermal mass distribution, the corresponding velocity dispersion is 1311^{+83}_{-89} km/s. For the mass-to-light ratio we find 269+-37 Msun/Lsun. The errors in the mass and mass-to-light ratio include the contribution from the random intrinsic ellipticities of the source galaxies, but not the (systematic) error due to the uncertainty in the redshift distribution. However, the estimates for the mass and mass-to-light ratio of MS 1054-03 agree well with other estimators, suggesting that the mass calibration works well. The reconstruction of the projected mass surface density shows a complex mass distribution, consistent with the light distribution. The results indicate that MS 1054-03 is a young system. The timescale for relaxation is estimated to be at least 1 Gyr. Averaging the tangential shear around the cluster galaxies, we find that the velocity dispersion of an Lstar galaxy is 203+-33 km/s.
description: 21 pages, Latex, with 27 figures (3 figures bitmapped), ApJ, in press. Version (with non-bitmapped figures) available at http://www.astro.rug.nl/~hoekstra/papers.html
{$SU(3)$} breaking in {$\bar{B}/D\rar Kl\bar ν$} decays and value of {$V_{cd}/V_{cs}$}}
Creators: name: Narison, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the $SU(3)$-breaking effects in the $\bar{B}/D \rar Kl\bar ν$ decays from the ratio of the $\bar{B}/D\rar Kl\bar ν$ over the $\bar{B}/D \rar πl\bar ν$ semileptonic form factors using a {\it semi-analytic} expression based on QCD spectral sum rules. We obtain $f_+^{\bar{B}\rar K}(0)/f_+^{\bar{B} \rar π}(0)$ = $1.007\pm 0.020$ and $f_+^{D\rar K}(0)/f_+^{D \rar π}(0)$ = $1.102 \pm 0.007$, which combined with the present CLEO data, leads to $V_{cd}/V_{cs}$ = $ 0.323 \pm 0.058$ and then, to: $\vert V_{cs}\vert = 0.72\pm 0.10$. The prediction on the ratio of mixing angle is (surprisingly) much higher than the value $0.226 \pm 0.004$ derived from the unitarity constraint on the CKM matrix, while the corresponding value of $ V_{cs}$ is lower. These results can open a window for new physics, though a stringent conclusion needs data with much higher statistics (from e.g tau-charm factory) or/and alternative QCD-based estimates of the ratio of the semileptonic form factors.
description: 8 pages in latex file + 3 figures in PS-files available on requests. CERN-TH 7309/94 (1994) (to appear as Phys. Lett. B)
The Dependence of Velocity and Clustering Statistics on Galaxy Properties
Creators: name: Benson, A. J.
name: Baugh, C. M.
name: Cole, S.
name: Frenk, C. S.
name: Lacey, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a combination of N-body simulations of the hierarchical clustering of dark matter and semi-analytic modelling of the physics of galaxy formation to probe the relationship between the galaxy distribution and the mass distribution. The pairwise line-of-sight velocity dispersion of galaxies is sensitive to the number of galaxies present in halos of different mass. The galaxy velocity dispersion is ~40% lower than that of the dark matter and is in reasonable agreement with the values measured in the Las Campanas redshift survey by Jing et al. over two decades in pair separation. The origin of this offset is statistical rather than dynamical, and depends upon the relative efficiency of galaxy formation in dark matter halos of different mass. Although the model galaxies and the dark matter have markedly different correlation functions in real space, such biases conspire to cause the redshift space correlation functions to be remarkably similar to each other. The predicted redshift-space galaxy correlation function agrees well with observations. We find no evidence in the model for a dependence of clustering strength on intrinsic galaxy luminosity, unless extremely bright galaxies, two magnitudes brighter than L*, are considered. However, there are significant differences when model galaxies are selected either by morphology or by colour. Early type or red galaxies show a much stronger clustering amplitude than late type or blue galaxies, particularly on small scales, again in good agreement with observations.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, to appear in MNRAS, discussion of number of galaxies per halo added - conclusions unchanged
Additional file 2 of Exposure-lag-response associations between weather conditions and ankylosing spondylitis: a time series study
Creators: name: Xin, Ling
name: Liu, Jian
name: Zhu, Yongjian
name: Fang, Yanyan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for low and high temperatures associated with daily AS outpatient over different lag days in Hefei, China, from January 2014 to December 2019. Table S2. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for low and high relative humidity associated with daily AS outpatient visits over different lag days in Hefei, China, from January 2014 to December 2019.
Implications of the Top Quark Mass Measurement for the CKM Parameters, $x_s$ and CP Asymmetries
Creators: name: Ali, A.
name: London, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent determination of the top quark mass by the CDF collaboration, $\mt =174 \pm 10 ^{+13}_{-12}$ GeV, we review and update the constraints on the parameters of the quark flavour mixing matrix $V_{CKM}$ in the standard model. In performing our fits, we use inputs from the measurements of the following quantities: (i) $\abseps$, the CP-violating parameter in $K$ decays, (ii) $\delmd$, the mass difference due to the \bdbdbar\ mixing, (iii) the matrix elements $\absvcb$ and $\absvub$, and (iv) $B$-hadron lifetimes. We find that the allowed region of the unitarity triangle is very large, mostly due to theoretical uncertainties. (This emphasizes the importance of measurements of CP-violating rate asymmetries in the $B$ system.) Nevertheless, the present data do somewhat restrict the allowed values of the coupling constant product $f_{B_d}\sqrt{\hat{B}_{B_d}}$ and the renormalization-scale invariant bag constant $\hat{B}_K$. With the updated CKM matrix we present the currently-allowed range of the ratio $\vert V_{td}/V_{ts} \vert$, as well as the standard model predictions for the \bsbsbar\ mixing parameter $\xs$ and the quantities $\sin 2α$, $\sin 2β$ and $\sin^2γ$, which characterize the CP-asymmetries in $B$-decays. The ALEPH collaboration has recently reported a significant improvement on the lower limit on the $\bs$-$\bsb$ mass difference, $ΔM_s/ΔM_d > 11.3$ (95\% C.L.). This has interesting consequences for the CKM parameters which are also worked out. NOTE: this is a revised and updated version of our previous paper.
description: LaTeX, 27 pages, 16 uuencoded figures (enclosed), CERN-TH.7398/94, UdeM-GPP-TH-94-06
Flux Expulsion - Field Evolution in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Jahan-Miri, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models for the evolution of magnetic fields of neutron stars are constructed, assuming the field is embedded in the proton superconducting core of the star. The rate of expulsion of the magnetic flux out of the core, or equivalently the velocity of outward motion of flux-carrying proton-vortices is determined from a solution of the Magnus equation of motion for these vortices. A force due to the pinning interaction between the proton-vortices and the neutron-superfluid vortices is also taken into account in addition to the other more conventional forces acting on the proton-vortices. Alternative models for the field evolution are considered based on the different possibilities discussed for the effective values of the various forces. The coupled spin and magnetic evolution of single pulsars as well as those processed in low-mass binary systems are computed, for each of the models. The predicted lifetimes of active pulsars, field strengths of the very old neutron stars, and distribution of the magnetic fields versus orbital periods in low-mass binary pulsars are used to test the adopted field decay models. Contrary to the earlier claims, the buoyancy is argued to be the dominant driving cause of the flux expulsion, for the single as well as the binary neutron stars. However, the pinning is also found to play a crucial role which is necessary to account for the observed low field binary and millisecond pulsars.
description: 23 pages, + 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Custodial nonabelian gauge symmetries in realistic superstring derived models
Creators: name: Faraggi, Alon E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A well known problem in supersymmetric models is the presence of, lepton and baryon number violating, dimension four operators. The traditional R parity solution may not be suitable if one tries to incorporate supersymmetry into a Planck scale theory. I propose a different solution in the context of realistic string models. I show that realistic string models can give rise to custodial nonabelian gauge symmetries under which only the leptons or quarks transform. I explain how such symmetries arise in a class of free fermionic models that are based on $Z_2\times Z_2$ orbifold with standard embedding. The custodial symmetries forbid proton decay from dimension four operators while allowing R parity violation.
description: IASSNS--HEP--94/64, 16 pages, phyzzx
Chern-Weil theorem, Lovelock Lagrangians in critical dimensions and boundary terms in gravity actions
Creators: name: Deruelle, Nathalie
name: Merino, Nelson
name: Olea, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we show how to translate into tensorial language the Chern-Weil theorem for the Lorentz symmetry, which equates the difference of the Euler densities of two manifolds to the exterior derivative of a transgression form. For doing so we need to introduce an auxiliary, hybrid, manifold whose geometry we construct explicitely. This allows us to find the vector density, constructed out of spacetime quantities only, whose divergence is the exterior derivative of the transgression form. As a consequence we can show how the Einstein-Hilbert, Gauss-Bonnet and, in general, the Euler scalar densities can be written as the divergences of genuine vector densities in the critical dimensions $D=2,4$, etc. As Lovelock gravity is a dimensional continuation of Euler densities, these results are of relevance for Gauss-Bonnet and, in general, Lovelock gravity. Indeed, these vectors which can be called generalized Katz vectors ensure, in particular, a well-posed Dirichlet variational principle.
description: 15 pages
On possible `cosmic ray cocoons' of relativistic jets
Creators: name: Ostrowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider effects on an (ultra-) relativistic jet and its ambient medium caused by high energy cosmic rays accelerated at the jet side boundary. As illustrated by simple models, during the acceleration process a flat cosmic ray distribution can be created, with gyroradia for highest particles' energies reaching the scales comparable to the jet radius or the energy density comparable to the ambient medium pressure. In the case of efficient radiative losses a high energy bump in the spectrum can dominate the cosmic ray pressure. In extreme cases the cosmic rays are able to push the ambient medium off, providing a `cosmic ray cocoon' separating the jet from the surrounding medium. The considered cosmic rays provide an additional jet breaking force and lead to a number of consequences for the jet structure and its radiative output. In particular the involved dynamic and acceleration time scales are in the range observed in variable AGNs.
description: LaTeX (7 pages, 3 figures, uses mn.sty); MNRAS, accepted
Relation between observers and effects of number valuation in science
Creators: name: Benioff, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is a small step towards the goal of constructing a coherent theory of physic and mathematics together. It is based on two ideas, the localization of mathematical systems in space or space time, and the separation of the concepts of number from number value. The separation of number from number value along with the freedom of choice of number values at different points of space or space time enables the introduction of a space or space time dependent number valuation field. The presence of a location dependent number value field affects theoretical descriptions of many physical and geometric quantities. A simple geometric example is worked out in detail, that of the length of a path. The localization of mathematical systems and the separation of number from number value or meaning both emphasize the role of observers. The separation of number from number value shows the role of observers in that value or meaning are conscious observer related concepts. Nothing, including numbers, has value or meaning to an unconscious observer. The localization of mathematical systems also shows the role of observers in that the mathematics that is potentially available to an observer is that at the same position as is the observer. This represents the mathematical knowledge that can reside in an observers brain. As an observer moves in space or space time, the mathematical knowledge potentially available to the observer is the collection of mathematical systems at the same location as the observer. It is hoped that this work, which was begun in 2010, will lead to a better understanding of the relation between the foundations of mathematics and physics, and the role that observers play in this relation.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, To appear in journal of Cognitive sciences
VERSE: Versatile Graph Embeddings from Similarity Measures
Creators: name: Tsitsulin, Anton
name: Mottin, Davide
name: Karras, Panagiotis
name: Müller, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Embedding a web-scale information network into a low-dimensional vector space facilitates tasks such as link prediction, classification, and visualization. Past research has addressed the problem of extracting such embeddings by adopting methods from words to graphs, without defining a clearly comprehensible graph-related objective. Yet, as we show, the objectives used in past works implicitly utilize similarity measures among graph nodes. In this paper, we carry the similarity orientation of previous works to its logical conclusion; we propose VERtex Similarity Embeddings (VERSE), a simple, versatile, and memory-efficient method that derives graph embeddings explicitly calibrated to preserve the distributions of a selected vertex-to-vertex similarity measure. VERSE learns such embeddings by training a single-layer neural network. While its default, scalable version does so via sampling similarity information, we also develop a variant using the full information per vertex. Our experimental study on standard benchmarks and real-world datasets demonstrates that VERSE, instantiated with diverse similarity measures, outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision and recall in major data mining tasks and supersedes them in time and space efficiency, while the scalable sampling-based variant achieves equally good results as the non-scalable full variant.
description: In WWW 2018: The Web Conference. 10 pages, 5 figures
The effect of the neutron star crust on the evolution of a core magnetic field
Creators: name: Konenkov, D.
name: Geppert, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the expulsion of the magnetic field from the super-conducting core of a neutron star and its subsequent decay in the crust. Particular attention is paid to a strong feedback of the distortion of magnetic field lines in the crust on the expulsion of the flux from the core. This causes a considerable delay of the core flux expulsion if the initial field strength is larger than 10^{11} G. It is shown that the hypothesis on the magnetic field expulsion induced by the neutron star spin-down is adequate only for a relatively weak initial magnetic field $B \approx 10^{11}$ G. The expulsion time-scale depends not only on the conductivity of the crust, but also on the initial magnetic field strength itself. Our model of the field evolution naturally explains the existence of the residual magnetic field of neutron stars. Its strength is correlated with the impurity concentration in neutron star crusts and anti-correlated with the initial field strengths.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted to MNRAS
A Vizing-type result for semi-total domination
Creators: name: Asplund, John
name: Davila, Randy
name: Krop, Elliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C69

description: A set of vertices $S$ in a simple isolate-free graph $G$ is a semi-total dominating set of $G$ if it is a dominating set of $G$ and every vertex of $S$ is within distance 2 or less with another vertex of $S$. The semi-total domination number of $G$, denoted by $γ_{t2}(G)$, is the minimum cardinality of a semi-total dominating set of $G$. In this paper, we study semi-total domination of Cartesian products of graphs. Our main result establishes that for any graphs $G$ and $H$, $γ_{t2}(G\,\square\, H)\ge \frac{1}{3}γ_{t2}(G)γ_{t2}(H)$.
description: 9 pages
Overall Evolution of Jetted Gamma-ray Burst Ejecta
Creators: name: Huang, Y. F.
name: Gou, L. J.
name: Dai, Z. G.
name: Lu, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether gamma-ray bursts are highly beamed or not is a very difficult but important problem that we are confronted with. Some theorists suggest that beaming effect usually leads to a sharp break in the afterglow light curve during the ultra-relativistic phase, with the breaking point determined by $γ= 1 / θ_0$, where $γ$ is the Lorentz factor of the blastwave and $θ_0$ is the initial half opening angle of the ejecta, but numerical studies tend to reject the suggestion. We note that previous studies are uniformly based on dynamics that is not proper for non-relativistic blastwaves. Here we investigate the problem in more detail, paying special attention to the transition from the ultra-relativistic phase to the non-relativistic phase. Due to some crucial refinements in the dynamics, we can follow the overall evolution of a realistic jet till its velocity is as small as $βc \sim 10^{-3} c$. We find no obvious break in the optical light curve during the relativistic phase itself. However, an obvious break does appear at the transition from the relativistic phase to the Newtonian phase if the physical parameters involved are properly assumed. Generally speaking, the Newtonian phase is characterized by a sharp decay of optical afterglows, with the power law timing index $α\sim 1.8$ - 2.1. This is due to the quick lateral expansion at this stage. The quick decay of optical afterglows from GRB 970228, 980326, and 980519, and the breaks in the optical light curves of GRB 990123 and 990510 may indicate the presence of highly collimated $γ$-ray burst ejecta.
description: 24 pages, submitted to ApJ, Eq.(26) (28) revised according to the referee's report, Fig. 8 redrawn, references updated and some new reference items added
"Ich säe was, was Du nicht säst"- Die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Gemengeanbaus von Winterackerbohne und Winterweizen
Creators: name: Bonke, Vanessa
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
name: Siebrecht-Schöll, Daniel
Publisher: name: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2021

description: Eine Möglichkeit, die Biodiversität in der deutschen Landwirtschaft zu erhöhen, ist der Anbau von Gemengen. Der simultane Anbau von Leguminosen und Nicht-Leguminosen kann unter anderem dazu beitragen, synthetische Stickstoffdüngemittel einzusparen. Diese Form des Anbaus ist jedoch derzeit in Deutschland nicht weit verbreitet und die Informationsverfügbarkeit aus praktischer Sicht gering. Insbesondere für die Wirtschaftlichkeit verschiedener Gemengekombinationen sind nur sehr limitiert Informationen verfügbar. Vor diesem Hintergrund bewertet dieser Beitrag die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Gemengen am Beispiel Winterackerbohne und Winterweizen basierend auf den Ergebnissen eines Freilandversuches. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Gemengeanbau von Winterackerbohne und Winterweizen in der durchgeführten Form ökonomisch derzeit nicht wettbewerbsfähig in der konventionellen deutschen Landwirtschaft ist. Jedoch scheint der Anbau von Hauptfruchtgemengen eher für Standorte mit schlechteren Standorteigenschaften geeignet zu sein. Die Ergebnisse der Sensitivitätsanalyse eines gesamtbetrieblichen Optimierungsmodells zeigen, dass die Deckungsbeiträge des Gemenges sogar weit über den Deckungsbeitrag der derzeit produzierten Getreidereinsaat steigen müssten, um in den ökonomisch optimierten Beispielbetrieb integriert zu werden.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Aktuelle Beiträge
Full-dimensional Quantum Dynamics of SiO in Collision with H$_2$
Creators: name: Yang, Benhui
name: Zhang, P.
name: Qu, Chen
name: Wang, X. H.
name: Stancil, P. C.
name: Bowman, J. M.
name: Balakrishnan, N.
name: McLaughlin, B. M.
name: Forrey, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) and quantum mechanical close-coupling calculations for scattering of SiO due to H$_2$. The full-dimensional interaction potential surface was computed using the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster (CCSD(T)-F12b) method and fitted using an invariant polynomial approach. Pure rotational quenching cross sections from initial states $v_1=0$, $j_1$=1-5 of SiO in collision with H$_2$ are calculated for collision energies between 1.0 and 5000 cm$^{-1}$. State-to-state rotational rate coefficients are calculated at temperatures between 5 and 1000 K. The rotational rate coefficients of SiO with para-H$_2$ are compared with previous approximate results which were obtained using SiO-He PESs or scaled from SiO-He rate coefficients. Rovibrational state-to-state and total quenching cross sections and rate coefficients for initially excited SiO($v_1=1, j_1$=0 and 1) in collisions with para-H$_2$($v_2=0,j_2=0$) and ortho-H$_2$($v_2=0,j_2=1$) were also obtained. The application of the current collisional rate coefficients to astrophysics is briefly discussed.
Automatic thread painting generation
Creators: name: Fang, Xiao-Nan
name: Liu, Bin
name: Shamir, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ThreadTone is an NPR representation of an input image by half-toning using threads on a circle. Current approaches to create ThreadTone paintings greedily draw the chords on the circle. We introduce the concept of chord space, and design a new algorithm to improve the quality of the thread painting. We use an optimization process that estimates the fitness of every chord in the chord space, and an error-diffusion based sampling process that selects a moderate number of chords to produce the output painting. We used an image similarity measure to evaluate the quality of our thread painting and also conducted a user study. Our approach can produce high quality results on portraits, sketches as well as cartoon pictures.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Topological frequency conversion in rhombohedral multilayer graphene
Creators: name: Lantagne-Hurtubise, Étienne
name: Esin, Iliya
name: Refael, Gil
name: Nathan, Frederik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that rhombohedral multilayer graphene supports topological frequency conversion, whereby a fraction of electrons transfer energy between two monochromatic light sources at a quantized rate. The pristine nature and gate tunability of these materials, along with a Berry curvature that directly couples to electric fields, make them ideal platforms for the experimental realization of topological frequency conversion. Among the rhombohedral family, we find that Bernal bilayer graphene appears most promising for THz-scale applications due to lower dissipation. We discuss strategies to circumvent cancellations between the two valleys of graphene and to minimize dissipative losses using commensurate frequencies, thus opening a potential pathway for net amplification.
description: 4 pages + 4 figures in the main text. 4 additional figures in the Appendix. v2: Fixed typos and other minor improvements. Close to published version
$R(D^{(*)})$ from $W'$ and right-handed neutrinos
Creators: name: Greljo, Admir
name: Robinson, Dean J.
name: Shakya, Bibhushan
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide an ultraviolet (UV) complete model for the $R(D^{(*)})$ anomalies, in which the additional contribution to semi-tauonic $b \to c$ transitions arises from decay to a right-handed sterile neutrino via exchange of a TeV-scale $SU(2)_L$ singlet $W'$. The model is based on an extension of the Standard Model (SM) hypercharge group, $U(1)_Y$, to the $SU(2)_V\times U(1)'$ gauge group, containing several pairs of heavy vector-like fermions. We present a comprehensive phenomenological survey of the model, ranging from the low-energy flavor physics, direct searches at the LHC, to neutrino physics and cosmology. We show that, while the $W'$ and $Z'$-induced constraints are important, it is possible to find parameter space naturally consistent with all the available data. The sterile neutrino sector also offers rich phenomenology, including possibilities for measurable dark radiation, gamma ray signals, and displaced decays at colliders.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures
The velocity and mass distribution of clusters of galaxies from the CNOC1 cluster redshift survey
Creators: name: van der Marel, R. P.
name: Magorrian, J.
name: Carlberg, R. G.
name: Yee, H. K. C.
name: Ellingson, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the CNOC1 cluster survey, redshifts were obtained for galaxies in 16 clusters. The resulting sample is ideally suited for an analysis of the internal velocity and mass distribution of clusters. Previous analyses of this dataset used the Jeans equation to model the projected velocity dispersion profile. However, the results of such an analysis always yield a strong degeneracy between the mass density profile and the velocity dispersion anisotropy profile. Here we analyze the full (R,v) dataset of galaxy positions and velocities in an attempt to break this degeneracy. We build an `ensemble cluster' from the individual clusters under the assumption that they form a homologous sequence. To interpret the data we study a one-parameter family of spherical models with different constant velocity dispersion anisotropy. The best-fit model is sought using a variety of statistics, including the overall likelihood of the dataset. Although the results of our analysis depend slightly on which statistic is used to judge the models, all statistics agree that the best-fit model is close to isotropic. This result derives primarily from the fact that the observed grand-total velocity histogram is close to Gaussian, which is not expected to be the case for a strongly anisotropic model. The best-fitting models have a mass-to-number-density ratio that is approximately independent of radius over the range constrained by the data. They also have a mass-density profile that is consistent with the dark matter halo profile advocated by Navarro, Frenk & White, in terms of both the profile shape and the characteristic scale length. This adds important new weight to the evidence that clusters do indeed follow this proposed universal mass density profile. [Abridged]
description: 37 pages, LaTeX, with 11 PostScript figures. Accepted by the Astronomical Journal, to appear in the May 2000 issue. This replacement version contains an additional Appendix and one additional Figure with respect to the version submitted to astro-ph originally
Additional file 10: of Genetic variation and structure of maize populations from Saoura and Gourara oasis in Algerian Sahara
Creators: name: Miyassa Aci
name: Lupini, Antonio
name: Mauceri, Antonio
name: Abdelkader Morsli
name: Khelifi, Lakhdar
name: Sunseri, Francesco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S3. Primers used to detect SSR marker. (DOCX 14 kb)
Gravitational Wave Searches for Post-Merger Remnants of GW170817 and GW190425
Creators: name: Grace, Benjamin
name: Wette, Karl
name: Scott, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of two searches for gravitational waves from the post-merger remnants of the binary neutron star coalescence events GW170817 and GW190425. The searches are fully coherent over 1800~s of data from the 2nd (for GW170817) and 3rd (for GW190425) observing runs of the LIGO and Virgo observatories. The searches compute the matched filter $\mathcal{F}$-statistic, and use a piecewise model of the rapidly changing frequency evolution appropriate for young neutron stars. No detection is claimed. The peak root-sum-squared strain upper limit at 50\% detection probability ($h_{\text{rss}}^{50\%})$ of both searches occurs at 1700~Hz and is estimated at $1.64 \times 10^{-22}~\text{Hz}^{-1/2}$ for GW170817, and $1.0 \times 10^{-22}~\text{Hz}^{-1/2}$ for GW190425. This is the first gravitational wave search for a neutron star remnant of GW190425.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables
A psychophysical evaluation of techniques for Mooney image generation
Creators: name: Reining, Lars C.
name: Wallis, Thomas S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Mooney images can contribute to our understanding of the processes involved in visual perception, because they allow a dissociation between image content and image understanding. Mooney images are generated by first smoothing and subsequently thresholding an image. In most previous studies this was performed manually, using subjective criteria for generation. This manual process could eventually be avoided by using automatic generation techniques. The field of computer image processing offers numerous techniques for image thresholding, but these are only rarely used to create Mooney images. Furthermore, there is little research on the perceptual effects of smoothing and thresholding. Therefore, in this study we investigated how the choice of different thresholding techniques and amount of smoothing affects the interpretability of Mooney images for human participants. We generated Mooney images using four different thresholding techniques and, in a second experiment, parametrically varied the level of smoothing. Participants identified the concepts shown in Mooney images and rated their interpretability. Although the techniques generate physically-different Mooney images, identification performance and subjective ratings were similar across the different techniques. This indicates that finding the perfect threshold in the process of generating Mooney images is not critical for Mooney image interpretability, at least for globally-applied thresholds. The degree of smoothing applied before thresholding, on the other hand, requires more tuning depending on the noise of the original image and the desired interpretability of the resulting Mooney image. Future work in automatic Mooney image generation should pursue local thresholding techniques, where different thresholds are applied to image regions depending on the local image content.
SU(2)-Flavor-Symmetry Breaking in Nuclear Antiquark Distributions
Creators: name: Kumano, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SU(2)-flavor-symmetry breaking in antiquark distributions of the nucleon was suggested by the New Muon Collaboration (NMC) in deep inelastic muon scattering. As an independent test, Drell-Yan data for the tungsten target have been used for examining the asymmetry. We investigate whether there exists significant modification of the $\bar u -\bar d$ distribution in nuclei in a parton recombination model. It should be noted that a finite $\bar u-\bar d$ distribution is theoretically possible in nuclei even if the sea is $SU(2)_f$ symmetric in the nucleon. In neutron-excess nuclei such as the tungsten, there exist more $d$-valence quarks than $u$-valence quarks, so that more $\bar d$-quarks are lost than $\bar u$-quarks are due to parton recombinations in the small $x$ region. Our results suggest that the nuclear modification in the tungsten is a 2--10 % effect on the $\bar u-\bar d$ distribution suggested by the NMC data. Nuclear effects on the flavor asymmetric distribution could be an interesting topic for future theoretical and experimental investigations.
description: LATEX 10 pages (Figs. 1-3 are available upon request), SAGA-HE-67-94
Additional file 2 of Association of depressive symptoms and risk of knee pain: the moderating effect of sex
Creators: name: Hu, Haiyan
name: Liu, Wenjun
name: Liu, Yang
name: Pan, Jay
name: Zheng, Xiaozuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Appendix Table 2. Moderated effect of sex on the association of depressive symptoms status and knee pain
Analysis of Tennessee Wine and Grape Industry Trends, 2020
Creators: name: Hughes, David W.
name: Hughes, David W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Tennessee
subject: wine
subject: grape
subject: industry
subject: trends
subject: 2020
subject: analysis

description: This publication presents an analysis of recent trends for the Tennessee wine and grape industries. Growth in both the wine and grape sectors has been substantial but has recently slowed. These sectors have begun to lag behind those of key neighboring states. The data for these states are also presented for purposes of comparison. The COVID-19 pandemic has important implications for the Tennessee industry. A set of policy recommendations aimed at leveling the playing field for Tennessee’s wine and grape industry with that of other states, bolstering sales, and increasing production of Tennessee wines and Tennessee grapes are also made.
Raman Modes Non-classicality through Entangled Photons Coupling to Plasmonic Modes
Creators: name: Salmanogli, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, non-classical properties of Raman modes are investigated. The original goal, actually, is to identify how and by which method we can induce non-classicality in Raman modes. We introduce a plasmonic system in which Raman dye molecules are buried between two shells of the plasmonic materials similar to onion-like core/shell nanoparticle. This system is excited by the entangled photons, followed by analyzing its dynamics of motion using the Heisenberg-Langevin equations by which the time evolution of the signal-idler mode and Raman modes are derived. Interestingly, the entangled photons are coupled to the plasmonic modes which are used to improve the non-classicality. It is shown that the exciting system with the entangled photons lead to inducing the non-classicality in Raman modes and entanglement between them. This behavior is attributed to the non-classicality of input modes that is coupled to the Raman modes considering the correlation between the incident wave frequency and Raman modes frequency. Notably, these quantum properties are dramatically affected by the environment temperature and Raman molecules location around the plasmonic nanoparticles. Modelling results demonstrate that a temperature increase has a drastic effect on system dynamics. Moreover, it is found that the entanglement between modes in system surely is affected by the coupling between the incident modes and plasmonic modes generated by the core/shell nanoparticles. Finally, as an important result, it is revealed that the Raman modes such as stoke and anti-stoke modes show a revival behavior, which is a quantum phenomenon.
The Extent and Cause of the Pre-White Dwarf Instability Strip
Creators: name: O'Brien, M. Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the least understood aspects of white dwarf evolution is the process by which they are formed. We are aided, however, by the fact that many H- and He-deficient pre-white dwarfs (PWDs) are multiperiodic g-mode pulsators. Pulsations in PWDs provide a unique opportunity to probe their interiors, which are otherwise inaccesible to direct observation. Until now, however, the nature of the pulsation mechanism, the precise boundaries of the instability strip, and the mass distribution of the PWDs were complete mysteries. These problems must be addressed before we can apply knowledge of pulsating PWDs to improve understanding of white dwarf formation. This paper lays the groundwork for future theoretical investigations of these stars. In recent years, Whole Earth Telescope observations led to determination of mass and luminosity for the majority of the (non-central star) PWD pulsators. With these observations, we identify the common properties and trends PWDs exhibit as a class. We find that pulsators of low mass have higher luminosity, suggesting the range of instability is highly mass-dependent. The observed trend of decreasing periods with decreasing luminosity matches a decrease in the maximum (standing-wave) g-mode period across the instability strip. We show that the red edge can be caused by the lengthening of the driving timescale beyond the maximum sustainable period. This result is general for ionization-based driving mechanisms, and it explains the mass-dependence of the red edge. The observed form of the mass-dependence provides a vital starting point for future theoretical investigations of the driving mechanism. We also show that the blue edge probably remains undetected because of selection effects arising from rapid evolution.
description: 40 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJ Oct 27, 1999
Exact Thermal Eigenstates of Nonintegrable Spin Chains at Infinite Temperature
Creators: name: Chiba, Yuuya
name: Yoneta, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) plays a major role in explaining thermalization of isolated quantum many-body systems. However, there has been no proof of the ETH in realistic systems due to the difficulty in the theoretical treatment of thermal energy eigenstates of nonintegrable systems. Here, we write down analytically thermal eigenstates of nonintegrable spin chains. We consider a class of theoretically tractable volume-law states, which we call entangled antipodal pair (EAP) states. These states are thermal, in the most fundamental sense that they are indistinguishable from the Gibbs state with respect to all local observables, with infinite temperature. We then identify Hamiltonians having the EAP state as an eigenstate and rigorously show that some of these Hamiltonians are nonintegrable. Furthermore, a thermal pure state at an arbitrary temperature is obtained by the imaginary time evolution of an EAP state. Our results offer a potential avenue for providing a provable example of the ETH.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures and Supplemental Material
First performance evaluation of a Multi-layer Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier with in-built electrode meshes - MM-THGEM
Creators: name: de Olivera, Rui
name: Cortesi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new micro-pattern gas detector structure comprising a multi-layer hole-type multiplier (M-THGEM) combined with two in-built electrode meshes: the Multi-Mesh THGEM-type multiplier (MM-THGEM). Suitable potential differences applied between the various electrodes provide an efficient collection of ionization electrons within the MM-THGEM holes and a large charge avalanche multiplication between the meshes. Different from conventional hole-type multipliers (e.g. Gas Electron Multipliers - GEMs, Thick Gas Electron Multipliers - THGEMs, etc.), which are characterized by a variable (dipole-like) field strength inside the avalanche gap, electrons in MM-THGEMs are largely multiplied by a strong uniform field established between the two meshes, like in the parallel-plate avalanche geometry. The presence of the two meshes within the holes allows for the trapping of a large fraction of the positive ions that stream back to the drift region. A gas gain above 10^5 has been achieved for single photo-electron detection with a single MM-THGEM in Ar/(10%)CH4 and He/(10%)CO2, at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. When the MM-THGEM is coupled to a conventional THGEM and used as first cascade element, the maximum achievable gains reach values above 10^6 in He/(10%)CO2, while the IBF approaches of 1.5% in the case of optimum detector-bias configuration. This IBF value is several times lower compared to the one obtained by a double GEM/THGEM detector (5-10%), and equivalent to the performance attained by a Micromegas detector.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to JINST
An Open-Source Data Storage and Visualization Platform for Collaborative Qubit Control
Creators: name: Brahmbhatt, Devanshu
name: Xu, Yilun
name: Vora, Neel
name: Chen, Larry
name: Fruitwala, Neelay
name: Huang, Gang
name: Ji, Qing
name: Nguyen, Phuc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Developing collaborative research platforms for quantum bit control is crucial for driving innovation in the field, as they enable the exchange of ideas, data, and implementation to achieve more impactful outcomes. Furthermore, considering the high costs associated with quantum experimental setups, collaborative environments are vital for maximizing resource utilization efficiently. However, the lack of dedicated data management platforms presents a significant obstacle to progress, highlighting the necessity for essential assistive tools tailored for this purpose. Current qubit control systems are unable to handle complicated management of extensive calibration data and do not support effectively visualizing intricate quantum experiment outcomes. In this paper, we introduce QubiCSV (Qubit Control Storage and Visualization), a platform specifically designed to meet the demands of quantum computing research, focusing on the storage and analysis of calibration and characterization data in qubit control systems. As an open-source tool, QubiCSV facilitates efficient data management of quantum computing, providing data versioning capabilities for data storage and allowing researchers and programmers to interact with qubits in real time. The insightful visualization are developed to interpret complex quantum experiments and optimize qubit performance. QubiCSV not only streamlines the handling of qubit control system data but also improves the user experience with intuitive visualization features, making it a valuable asset for researchers in the quantum computing domain.
Heavy Quarkonium in the dual Ginzburg-Landau theory of QCD
Creators: name: Suzuki, Katsuhiko
name: Toki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the masses and the leptonic decay widths of heavy quarkonium in the dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory of QCD, in which the abelian monopole condensation plays an essential role for color confinement. The effect of color screening due to the light quark pair creation is introduced by the infrared momentum cutoff in the gluon propagator. We find that the color screening effect is important to reproduce the properties of the heavy quarkonium, in particular the leptonic decay width. We also discuss the underlying systematics of the heavy quark spectroscopy in the DGL theory.
description: 16 pages with 5 figures as uuencoded PostScript files, TMU-NT940803