cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A note on credit aggregates as targets or indicators of monetary policy
Creators: name: VACIAGO, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Credit aggregates, monetary policy
subject: E52

description: With increasing deregulation and financial innovation in many domestic banking systems, it has been suggested that the present emphasis on controlling the money stock is no longer appropriate. Instead, a broader definition of credit should be introduced and movements in credit aggregates should be controlled. The author argues that there is no direct transmission mechanism between a broad credit aggregate and changes in private and government debt, and that the authorities have limited ability to control such an aggregate. Therefore its choice as the main target for monetary policy would be inappropriate. JEL: E52
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 153 (1985)
Road Map towards The Malabo Declaration: Increasing Smallholder Farm Productivity through Improved Farm Management Practices
Creators: name: Regional Network Of Agricultural Policy Institute (ReNAPRI)
name: Regional Network Of Agricultural Policy Institute (ReNAPRI)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: farm productivity
subject: farm management

description: The FAO’s “Year of Soils” highlights a growing recognition that soil degradation is a massive problem that is threatening the sustainability of farming systems throughout the world. In most of sub-Saharan Africa, it is increasingly clear that goals related to agricultural input intensification and higher levels of agricultural productivity will require much greater attention to sustainable land and soil fertility management practices.
A $(k+1)$-partite entanglement measure of $N$-partite quantum states
Creators: name: Hong, Yan
name: Qi, Xianfei
name: Gao, Ting
name: Yan, Fengli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of \textquotedblleft the permutationally invariant part of a density matrx\textquotedblright constitutes an important tool for entanglement characterization of multiqubit systems. In this paper, we first present $(k+1)$-partite entanglement measure of $N$-partite quantum system, which possesses desirable properties of an entanglement measure. Moreover, we give strong bounds on this measure by considering the permutationally invariant part of a multipartite state. We give two definitions of efficient measurable degree of $(k+1)$-partite entanglement. Finally, several concrete examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Dissipative solutions to the stochastic Euler equations
Creators: name: Breit, Dominic
name: Moyo, Thamsanqa Castern
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations subject to stochastic forcing. We develop a concept of dissipative martingale solutions, where the nonlinear terms are described by generalised Young measures. We construct these solutions as the vanishing viscosity limit of solutions to the corresponding stochastic Navier-Stokes equations. This requires a refined stochastic compactness method incorporating the generalised Young measures. Our solutions satisfy a form of the energy inequality which gives rise to a weak-strong uniqueness result (pathwise and in law). A dissipative martingale solution coincides (pathwise or in law) with the strong solution as soon as the latter exists.
Probabilistic amplitude shaping for continuous-variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation over a wiretap channel
Creators: name: Notarnicola, Michele N.
name: Olivares, Stefano
name: Forestieri, Enrico
name: Parente, Emanuele
name: Potì, Luca
name: Secondini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To achieve the maximum information transfer and face a possible eavesdropper, the samples transmitted in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocols are to be drawn from a continuous Gaussian distribution. As a matter of fact, in practical implementations the transmitter has a finite (power) dynamics and the Gaussian sampling can be only approximated. This requires the quantum protocols to operate at small powers. In this paper, we show that a suitable probabilistic amplitude shaping of a finite set of symbols allows to approximate at will the optimal channel capacity also for increasing average powers. We investigate the feasibility of this approach in the framework of CV-QKD, propose a protocol employing discrete quadrature amplitude modulation assisted with probabilistic amplitude shaping, and we perform the key generation rate analysis assuming a wiretap channel and lossless homodyne detection.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
A low upper-limit on the lithium isotope ratio in HD140283
Creators: name: Aoki, Wako
name: Inoue, Susumu
name: Kawanomoto, Satoshi
name: Ryan, Sean G.
name: Smith, Iain M.
name: Suzuki, Takeru K.
name: Takada-Hidai, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained a high-S/N (900-1100), high-resolving-power (R=95000) spectrum of the metal-poor subgiant HD 140283 in an effort to measure its 6Li/7Li isotope ratio. From a 1-D atmospheric analysis, we find a value consistent with zero, 6Li/7Li = 0.001, with an upper limit of 6Li/7Li < 0.026. This measurement supersedes an earlier detection (0.040 +/- 0.015(1sigma)) by one of the authors. HD 140283 provides no support for the suggestion that Population II stars may preserve their 6Li on the portion of the subgiant branch where 7Li is preserved. However, this star does not defeat the suggestion either; being at the cool end of subgiant branch of the Spite plateau, it may be sufficiently cool that 6Li depletion has already set in, or the star may be sufficiently metal poor that little Galactic production of 6Li had occurred. Continued investigation of other subgiants is necessary to test the idea. We also consider the implications of the HD 140283 upper limit in conjunction with other measurements for models of 6Li production by cosmic rays from supernovae and structure formation shocks.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Anticipating Africa’s Policy Challenges in the Decade Ahead: Africa’s Changing Farm Structure and Employment Challenge
Creators: name: Regional Network Of Agricultural Policy Institute (ReNAPRI)
name: Regional Network Of Agricultural Policy Institute (ReNAPRI)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Africa
subject: employment
subject: farm structure

description: Even under optimistic assumptions about the rate of urbanization and growth of non-farm employment, agriculture will still be the main source of livelihood for the majority of Africans for at least the next several decades. Non-farm wage jobs in sub-Saharan Africa will be able to absorb between 40 to 65 percent of the additional 122 million workers estimated to enter the labor force before 2020 (Fine et al 2012; see also Losch 2012). This means that farming will be called upon to provide gainful employment for at least a third of Africa’s young labor force. However, for agriculture to successfully provide employment, young people will require access to land.
Improving food security in developing countries: a role for the IMF
Creators: name: KIRKPATRICK, C.H.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food insecurity, foreign exchange, less developed countries, IMF
subject: F31, F33, Q18

description: The focus of the present paper is upon the problem of short-term food insecurity, as manifested in variability in year to year per capita consumption. The author argues that fluctuations in per capita food consumption levels are the direct result of a shortage of foreign exchange which limits the capacity of low income countries to obtain the level of food imports necessary to offset a sudden shortfall in domestic production and/or an increase in world prices. It is suggested, therefore, that the international community could play a significant role in the alleviation of the food insecurity problem in LDCs through the provision concessionary finance for the funding of exceptional food import requirements. JEL: F31, F33, Q18
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 153 (1985)
Road Map towards the Malabo Declaration: A Case for Open Borders
Creators: name:  Regional Network Of Agricultural Policy Institute (ReNAPRI)
name:  Regional Network Of Agricultural Policy Institute (ReNAPRI)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: Malabo declaration
subject: borders

description: The recent Malabo Declaration adopted at the African Union (AU) includes an ambitious and promising recommitment “to fast-track the establishment of the continental free trade area (CFTA), and the action plan for boosting intra-African Trade (BIAT)” (AU 2014). The intended aim is to triple intra-African trade by encouraging transparent and regulated policies that strengthen existing trade partnerships, foster long-term investment, and ensure continental food security.
Optically-mediated remote entanglement generation in magnon-cavity systems
Creators: name: Luo, Da-Wei
name: Qian, Xiao-Feng
name: Yu, Ting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the remote entanglement generation between macroscopic microwave magnon modes in a coupled cavity system. The cavities are connected via an optical fiber, which necessitates the use of a frequency conversion inside the cavity. The converter may be implemented via a rare-earth doped crystal acting like an effective three-level system. The entanglement dynamics of the system is analytically studied, and an active optimal control method is also proposed where one may generate maximally entangled Bell states on demand with a given evolution time. The system dynamics and its control have also been studied in a generic non-Markovian open system framework, and the generated entanglement is found to be robust against environmental noises.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D): a potential biomarker for psychiatric disorders? - Supplementary Materials
Creators: name: Fusar-Poli, Laura
name: Rodolico, Alessandro
name: Sturiale, Serena
name: Carotenuto, Bianca
name: Natale, Antimo
name: Arillotta, Davide
name: Siafis, Spyridon
name: Signorelli, Maria Salvina
name: Aguglia, Eugenio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The present document include the Supplementary Materials of the paper "Second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D): a potential biomarker for psychiatric disorders?"
Mediation analysis with case-control sampling: Identification and estimation in the presence of a binary mediator
Creators: name: Doretti, Marco
name: Genbäck, Minna
name: Stanghellini, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With reference to a stratified case-control procedure based on a binary variable of primary interest, we derive the expression of the distortion induced by the sampling design on the parameters of the logistic model of a secondary variable. This is particularly relevant when performing mediation analysis (possibly in a causal framework) with stratified case-control data in settings where both the outcome and the mediator are binary. Our identification result opens the way to M-estimation and Maximum Likelihood estimation. We then conduct a simulation study showing the gain in efficiency of the estimators of both the outcome and mediator model parameters w.r. to existing methods, based on weighting. As an illustrative example, we reanalyze a German case-control dataset in order to investigate whether the effect of reduced immunocompetency on listeriosis onset is mediated by the intake of gastric acid suppressors.
description: 33 pages, 4 tables, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Effects of dabigatran versus warfarin on 2-year cognitive outcomes in old patients with atrial fibrillation: results from the GIRAF randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Caramelli, Bruno
name: Yu, Pai Ching
name: Cardozo, Francisco A. M.
name: Magalhães, Iuri R.
name: Spera, Raphael R.
name: Amado, Daniel K.
name: Escalante-Rojas, Maria C.
name: Gualandro, Danielle M.
name: Calderaro, Daniela
name: Tavares, Caio A. M.
name: Borges-Junior, Flavio A.
name: Pastana, Adriana F.
name: Matheus, Mariana G.
name: Brucki, Sonia M. D.
name: Rodrigues, Ana Carolina O.
name: Nitrini, Ricardo
name: Caramelli, Paulo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S3. Mean change from baseline according to TTR subgroups (< 70% and ≥ 70%) in the warfarin group. Table S4. Missing value percentages for each score regarding baseline and post-treatment test. Table S5. Missing value percentages for each score regarding baseline and post-treatment test scores. Table S6. Pooled descriptive statistics (Median [IQR]) for the post-treatment score values in the original and first three imputed data sets. Tables S7-10. Pooled results (using Rubin’s rule) for the linear regression analyses over the 10 imputed datasets for each score. Table S11. Pooled results (using Rubin’s rule) for the linear regression analyses over the 10 imputed datasets for each score. Table S12. Adjusted p-values for the regression analyses of the group effect by using Holm’s (1979) and Hommel’s (1988) formulas, as provided in the R stats package. Figure S4. Distributions of Age, log Education and Baseline scores for the groups with observed and missing values of the post-treatment MMSE score. Figure S5. Distributions of Age, log Education and Baseline scores for the groups with observed and missing values of the post-treatment MMSE score. Figure S6. The plots below refer to the NTB score. Figure S7. The plots below show distribution of Age and Log Education segmented by missingness of baseline CGNT. Figure S8. Histograms for Age, Log Education and Baseline score values according to missingness of post-treatment values. Figure S9. Estimate and 95% confidence intervals for the contrasts (W-D) for each score. Figure S10. Repeated analysis while performing imputation separately in each group.
Fermion-mediated BCS-BEC Crossover in Ultracold Potassium-40 Gases
Creators: name: Parish, M. M.
name: Mihaila, B.
name: Simons, B. D.
name: Littlewood, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of Feshbach resonance phenomena in fermionic alkali gases have drawn heavily on the intuition afforded by a Fermi-Bose theory which presents the Feshbach molecule as a featureless Bose particle. While this model may provide a suitable platform to explore the lithium-6 system, we argue that its application to potassium-40, where the hyperfine structure is inverted, is inappropriate. Introducing a three-state Fermi model, where a spin state is shared by the open and closed channel states, we show that effects of ``Pauli blocking'' are recorded in the internal structure of the condensate wave function.
description: References added, Fig.1 revised, and Fig.3 removed
An Advantage Using Feature Selection with a Quantum Annealer
Creators: name: Vlasic, Andrew
name: Grant, Hunter
name: Certo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Feature selection is a technique in statistical prediction modeling that identifies features in a record with a strong statistical connection to the target variable. Excluding features with a weak statistical connection to the target variable in training not only drops the dimension of the data, which decreases the time complexity of the algorithm, it also decreases noise within the data which assists in avoiding overfitting. In all, feature selection assists in training a robust statistical model that performs well and is stable. Given the lack of scalability in classical computation, current techniques only consider the predictive power of the feature and not redundancy between the features themselves. Recent advancements in feature selection that leverages quantum annealing (QA) gives a scalable technique that aims to maximize the predictive power of the features while minimizing redundancy. As a consequence, it is expected that this algorithm would assist in the bias/variance trade-off yielding better features for training a statistical model. This paper tests this intuition against classical methods by utilizing open-source data sets and evaluate the efficacy of each trained statistical model well-known prediction algorithms. The numerical results display an advantage utilizing the features selected from the algorithm that leveraged QA.
Local Response to the Rapid Rise in Demand for Processed and Perishable Foods: Results of an Inventory of Processed Food Products in Dar es Salaam
Creators: name: Snyder, Jason
name: Ijumba, Claire
name: Tschirley, David
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Snyder, Jason
name: Ijumba, Claire
name: Tschirley, David
name: Reardon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: processed food products
subject: Tanzania

description: Recent research by the Food Security Innovation Lab (FSP) has documented the rapid rise in demand for processed and perishable foods in East and Southern Africa (ESA) (Tschirley et al, 2015a; Tschirley et al, 2015b). This work has highlighted four results. First, the penetration of processed foods in consumption patterns in the region has been deep, with an overall share in purchased food of nearly 70%. Second, the penetration has been broad, with the share of all processed food in total food purchases being nearly as high in rural areas as in urban, and nearly as high among the poor as among the upper classes. Third, the main difference across types of households is that low value added processed foods (“low processed”, e.g., purchased maize meal, milled rice, meat) predominate among lower-income and rural households, while high value added processed foods (“high processed”, e.g., vegetable oils, bread, food away from home) predominate in urban areas and among higher income households1. Fourth, expenditure elasticities of demand are highest – and all above 1.0 – for perishable high processed foods, perishable low processed foods, and non-perishable high processed foods, respectively. Note that this same order is maintained, and all values remain above 1.0, in both urban- and rural areas.
Deep Learning improves identification of Radio Frequency Interference
Creators: name: Sadr, Alireza Vafaei
name: Bassett, Bruce A.
name: Oozeer, Nadeem
name: Fantaye, Yabebal
name: Finlay, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flagging of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is an increasingly important challenge in radio astronomy. We present R-Net, a deep convolutional ResNet architecture that significantly outperforms existing algorithms -- including the default MeerKAT RFI flagger, and deep U-Net architectures -- across all metrics including AUC, F1-score and MCC. We demonstrate the robustness of this improvement on both single dish and interferometric simulations and, using transfer learning, on real data. Our R-Net model's precision is approximately $90\%$ better than the current MeerKAT flagger at $80\%$ recall and has a 35\% higher F1-score with no additional performance cost. We further highlight the effectiveness of transfer learning from a model initially trained on simulated MeerKAT data and fine-tuned on real, human-flagged, KAT-7 data. Despite the wide differences in the nature of the two telescope arrays, the model achieves an AUC of 0.91, while the best model without transfer learning only reaches an AUC of 0.67. We consider the use of phase information in our models but find that without calibration the phase adds almost no extra information relative to amplitude data only. Our results strongly suggest that deep learning on simulations, boosted by transfer learning on real data, will likely play a key role in the future of RFI flagging of radio astronomy data.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures. Published on MNRAS
Measurement of masses and branching ratios of $Ξ_c^+$ and $Ξ_c^0$ baryons
Creators: name: Lesiak, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a measurement of the $Ξ_c^+$ and $Ξ_c^0$ baryon masses, and the branching ratios for various $Ξ_c$ decays, using $140 \mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of data collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB $e^+ e^-$ collider.The mass splitting $m_{Ξ_c^0} - m_{Ξ_c^+}$ is found to be $2.9\pm 0.5 \mathrm{MeV}/c^2$; this measurement is three times as precise as the current world average. We measure the branching ratios $Γ(Ξ_c^+\to ΛKππ)/Γ(Ξ_c^+\toΞππ) = 0.32\pm 0.03 \pm 0.02$ and $Γ(Ξ_c^0\to p KKπ)/Γ(Ξ_c^0\toΞπ) = 0.33\pm 0.03 \pm 0.03$, with improved precision, and measure $Γ(Ξ_c^+\to p K^0_S K^0_S)/Γ(Ξ_c^+\toΞππ) = 0.087\pm 0.016 \pm 0.014$, $Γ(Ξ_c^0\to ΛKπ)/Γ(Ξ_c^0\toΞπ) = 1.07\pm 0.12 \pm 0.07$ and $Γ(Ξ_c^0\to ΛK^0_S)/Γ(Ξ_c^0\toΞπ) = 0.21\pm 0.02 \pm 0.02$ for the first time. In $Ξ_c^0$ decays to the $p K^- K^- π^+$ final state, we find evidence for the process $Ξ_c^0 \to p K^- \bar{K}{}^\ast(892)^0$ and measure the fraction of decays via this process to be $0.51\pm 0.03 \pm 0.01$.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX, submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Australia’s transition from crawling peg to floating exchange rate
Creators: name: POLASEK, M.
name: LEWIS, M.K.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Australia, foreign exchange market, floating exchange rates, crawling peg
subject: F31

description: The Australian government began to deregulate its foreign exchange market and move to floating exchange rates in late 1983. Prior to that date there had been a wide range of controls over the foreign exchange market, which became increasingly difficult to sustain in the light of domestic and international developments. After an analysis of the previous form of 'crawling peg' control, a review is made of the financial innovations and changes in the economic environment which forced a move to floating rates. Finally, the experience of floating rates since 1983 is examined. JEL: F31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 153 (1985)
Quantum circuit fidelity estimation using machine learning
Creators: name: Vadali, Avi
name: Kshirsagar, Rutuja
name: Shyamsundar, Prasanth
name: Perdue, Gabriel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The computational power of real-world quantum computers is limited by errors. When using quantum computers to perform algorithms which cannot be efficiently simulated classically, it is important to quantify the accuracy with which the computation has been performed. In this work we introduce a machine-learning-based technique to estimate the fidelity between the state produced by a noisy quantum circuit and the target state corresponding to ideal noise-free computation. Our machine learning model is trained in a supervised manner, using smaller or simpler circuits for which the fidelity can be estimated using other techniques like direct fidelity estimation and quantum state tomography. We demonstrate that, for simulated random quantum circuits with a realistic noise model, the trained model can predict the fidelities of more complicated circuits for which such methods are infeasible. In particular, we show the trained model may make predictions for circuits with higher degrees of entanglement than were available in the training set, and that the model may make predictions for non-Clifford circuits even when the training set included only Clifford-reducible circuits. This empirical demonstration suggests classical machine learning may be useful for making predictions about beyond-classical quantum circuits for some non-trivial problems.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures
Beginnings
Creators: name: MINSKY, H.P.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Hyman Minsky, biography, retrospective
subject: B31

description: The paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Hyman Minsky offers a retrospective on his academic career and intellectual development. JEL: B31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 154 (1985)
Metal/organic/metal bistable memory devices
Creators: name: Vuillaume, Dominique
name: Lmimouni, Kamal
name: Tondelier, Denis
name: Fery, Christophe
name: Haas, Gunther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a bistable organic memory made of a single organic layer embedded between two electrodes, we compare to the organic/metal nanoparticle/organic tri-layers device [L.P. Ma, J. Liu, and Y. Yang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2997 (2002)]. We demonstrate that the two devices exhibit similar temperature-dependent behaviors, a thermally-activated behavior in their low conductive state (off-state) and a slightly "metallic" behavior in their high conductive state (on-state). This feature emphasizes a similar origin for the memory effect. Owing to their similar behavior, the one layer memory is advantageous in terms of fabrication cost and simplicity.
title: Characterisation of novel and complex mechanisms of antobiotic resistance using a proteomics approach
Creators: name: Gaulton, Tom
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2012

description: The problem of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance has become a global concern, particularly among multi drug resistant Gram-negative nosocomial pathogens. These organisms display non- susceptibility to the majority of routinely used antibiotics, causing infections which are more difficult to treat and increase the duration of patient recovery. Due to the plethora of resistance determinants and the molecular machinery which facilitates their dissemination, new strategies are required to investigate the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance. Proteomic techniques allow the global analysis of the expressed proteome, providing a more holistic view of the current physiological state of the bacterial cell. The techniques used in this investigation cover the separation, quantification and identification of proteins present in cellular extracts from resistant organisms. These included the use of 2-D electrophoresis, DIGE and LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry applied to multidrug resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Acinetobacter baumannii. In summary, these investigations revealed that the Tol-Pal membrane protein system and susceptibilities to polymyxin antibiotics and biocides are altered upon acquisition of a resistance plasmid in E. coli. Furthermore, it revealed that non-carbapenemase-mediated carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae involved the loss of fimbriae proteins, the increased expression of OmpK26 and the resistance proteins EmrA and APH(3"), in addition to OmpK35/36 porin loss. The upregulation of a multi drug efflux pump in E. cloacae, A. baumannii and S. marcescens involved the differential regulation of many proteins, spanning a broad range of functional classes, including the MinCDE cell division inhibitors, iron acquisition proteins such as FepA and FhuA and proteins involved in biofilm and LPS formation such as PapC, LptD and GmhA. Overall this project has highlighted the complex and dynamic changes in protein expression upon acquisition of a resistance phenotype and the importance of using genetically related isolates when undertaking proteomic analyses. This work also emphasised the advantages of using proteomics for profiling the expression of resistance proteins, including the detection of specific enzymes, such as CTX-M ESBLs.
Structural problems in the crisis
Creators: name: STEINDL, J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Debt crisis, structural problems
subject: F34, G01

description: All over the world the steel industry, the shipyards, the motor car and plastics industries and so on are in difficulty. What may be new, however, is that the structural problem appears now not only in its industrial and regional aspects, but also in its aspect of organisation - the crisis of the large concerns. This paper deals with these various aspects in turn, although they are so closely connected as to be inseparable. JEL: F34, G01
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 154 (1985)
On Periodic Solutions Of Lienard Equations
Creators: name: Taghavi, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We Prove That The Uniform Upper Bound for the Number Of Limit Cycles Of The Lienard Equation of Degree 4 Can be equals to 2. Further We Suggest to Embedding Planar Lienard Equations In Higher Dimension and Present question of completly integrabiolity of Corresponding Hamiltonians. Actually this Question Suggest To Look at to Limit Cycles Problems with KAM methods
title: Analyse der bruchmechanischen Eigenschaften von Knochenzementen
Creators: name: Fitsch, Ursula
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: bruchmechanische Werte
subject: Knochenzemente

description: Knochenzement wird bei der Implantation von Endoprothesen, bei der Behandlung von Wirbelkörperfrakturen und auch in der Zahnmedizin eingesetzt. Bisher erfolgte keine Klassifikation des Materials im Hinblick auf bruchmechanische Kennwerte. Bisherige Forschungen auf dem Gebiet wurden unter Zuhilfenahme der linearelastischen Bruchmechanik durchgeführt. Diese sollte allerdings bei einem quasi-spröden Werkstoff wie Knochenzement nicht verwendet werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit dem Hillerborg-Modell gearbeitet. Die Prüfungen der Knochenzementproben erfolgten mit der Keilspaltmethode nach E.K. Tschegg. Zudem wurden trockene Proben mit Proben, die vor der Messung in Flüssigkeit eingelegt wurden, verglichen. Letztere lassen einen besseren Rückschluss auf das Verhalten des Knochenzements im feuchten Milieu des menschlichen Köpers zu.
description: Bone cement is used for the implantation of endoprostheses, for the treatment of vertebral fractures and also in dental medicine. Although it is widely used there hasn't been a classification of the material in view of fracture-mechanical properties so far. Previous research in the field used linear-elastic fracture mechanics. In fact, this shouldn't be done when dealing with a quasi-brittle material like bone cement. The present paper used the Hillerborg-model. The experiment tests were done with the wedge splitting method according to E.K. Tschegg. Additionally a comparison between dry specimen and specimen that have been inserted in liquid before the testing was made. The latter allow better conclusions to the behaviour of the bone cement in the humid environment in the human body.
Additional file 2 of Effects of dabigatran versus warfarin on 2-year cognitive outcomes in old patients with atrial fibrillation: results from the GIRAF randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Caramelli, Bruno
name: Yu, Pai Ching
name: Cardozo, Francisco A. M.
name: Magalhães, Iuri R.
name: Spera, Raphael R.
name: Amado, Daniel K.
name: Escalante-Rojas, Maria C.
name: Gualandro, Danielle M.
name: Calderaro, Daniela
name: Tavares, Caio A. M.
name: Borges-Junior, Flavio A.
name: Pastana, Adriana F.
name: Matheus, Mariana G.
name: Brucki, Sonia M. D.
name: Rodrigues, Ana Carolina O.
name: Nitrini, Ricardo
name: Caramelli, Paulo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. CONSORT Checklist.
A unifying model for several two-dimensional phase transitions
Creators: name: Dubi, Yonatan
name: Meir, Yigal
name: Avishai, Yshai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A relatively simple and physically transparent model based on quantum percolation and dephasing is employed to construct a global phase diagram which encodes and unifies the critical physics of the quantum Hall, "two-dimensional metal-insulator", classical percolation and, to some extent, superconductor-insulator transitions. Using real space renormalization group techniques, crossover functions between critical points are calculated. The critical behavior around each fixed point is analyzed and some experimentally relevant puzzles are addressed.
description: 4 pages, including 3 figures
Validating quantum-supremacy experiments with exact and fast tensor network contraction
Creators: name: Liu, Yong
name: Chen, Yaojian
name: Guo, Chu
name: Song, Jiawei
name: Shi, Xinmin
name: Gan, Lin
name: Wu, Wenzhao
name: Wu, Wei
name: Fu, Haohuan
name: Liu, Xin
name: Chen, Dexun
name: Zhao, Zhifeng
name: Yang, Guangwen
name: Gao, Jiangang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The quantum supremacy experiment, such as Google Sycamore [Nature \textbf{574}, 505 (2019)], poses great challenge for classical verification due to the exponentially-increasing compute cost. Using a new-generation Sunway supercomputer within $8.5$ days, we provide a direct verification by computing three million exact amplitudes for the experimentally generated bitstrings, obtaining an XEB fidelity of $0.191\%$ (the estimated value is $0.224\%$). The leap of simulation capability is built on a multiple-amplitude tensor network contraction algorithm which systematically exploits the ``classical advantage" (the inherent ``store-and-compute" operation mode of von Neumann machines) of current supercomputers, and a fused tensor network contraction algorithm which drastically increases the compute efficiency on heterogeneous architectures. Our method has a far-reaching impact in solving quantum many-body problems, statistical problems as well as combinatorial optimization problems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, comments are welcome!
ILDG Middleware Working Group Status Report
Creators: name: Joo, B.
name: Watson, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the status of the ILDG Middleware Working Group.
description: Lat2004(ILDG)
The postwar Latin American economies: the end of the long boom
Creators: name: LÓPEZ, G. J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Latin American economies, post-war period, development, structural problems
subject: N16

description: After a prolonged period of expansion, characterised by profound economic and social changes, the Latin American economies began the eighties with an increasingly poor performance. The present work offers a picture of the region’s development in the post-war period and highlights the structural problems involved. The analysis is based on a statistical and econometric study covering the 10 major countries which accounted for 95% of the region’s GDP in the middle of the seventies. Particular countries such as Mexico have also been examined as regards certain aspects. JEL: N16
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 154 (1985)
Financial deregulation and monetary policy in Australia
Creators: name: HALL, M.J.B.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Australia, financial deregulation, floating currency, monetary policy
subject: E52

description: In recent years, the pace of financial deregulation in Australia has accelerated. Less reliance on direct controls, a floating currency and a less regulated banking system will all serve to transform the Australian financial system, but what will this imply for policymakers? The present article addresses the question from a monetary policy viewpoint and establishes some of the difficulties that policy makers are likely to face as the system evolves. Perhaps the most crucial test facing authorities is the need to strike an ‘appropriate’ balance between preserving the stability of the payments system and ensuring competitive equity between financial intermediaries, bank and non-bank. JEL: E52
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 154 (1985)
Hadron structure from gamma^* p scattering: interpreting hadronic matrix elements
Creators: name: Boer, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadron structure from high-Q^2 gamma^* p scattering processes is often expressed in terms of hadronic matrix elements of nonlocal operators. Properly defining and interpreting these quantities is very important in light of experiments aiming to extract transverse momentum dependent parton distributions or generalized parton distributions. The current status will be reviewed, including recent developments concerning Wigner distributions.
description: 5 pages, Latex, 1 Postscript figure, uses aipproc.cls; Invited lead talk presented at the 19th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Groningen, The Netherlands, August 23-27, 2004; v2: reference added
Statistical properties of Galactic synchrotron temperature and polarization maps -- a multi-frequency comparison
Creators: name: Rahman, Fazlu
name: Chingangbam, Pravabati
name: Ghosh, Tuhin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the statistical properties of synchrotron emission from our Galaxy is valuable from the perspective of observations targeting signals of cosmological origin, as well as for understanding physical processes in our Galaxy. In this work, we extend the analysis of arXiv:2104.00419v2 to -- (a) all-sky observed maps of total foreground emissions at different frequencies provided by WMAP, Planck and Stockert-Villa, (b) component separated synchrotron temperature maps provided by WMAP, Planck and BeyondPlanck, and (c) component separated polarization maps provided by WMAP and Planck. The tools we use are Minkowski functionals and tensors. Our main goals are twofold. First, we determine the variation of morphological properties of the total foreground maps with observing frequency and compare with simulations. This elucidates how the morphology varies due to the relative dominance of different foreground components at different frequencies. Next, we analyze the nature of non-Gaussianity and statistical isotropy of synchrotron fluctuations on smaller scales using various component separated synchrotron temperature and polarization maps. We find that all maps exhibit kurtosis non-Gaussianity, in agreement with the Haslam map. This result can be an important input for the modelling of small-scale synchrotron fluctuations for component separation pipelines. This also suggests that residual synchrotron contamination in CMB will manifest as kurtosis. Studying different component separated maps, we find that BeyondPlanck and WMAP MCMC-e agree well with Haslam at all scales. The other maps show differences of varying statistical significance. Our analysis suggests a combination of residual AME and/or free-free emissions and point sources as contributing to these differences, and underscores the need for further improvement of the pipelines.
description: Published in JCAP, 33 pages, 16 figures
Thermodynamics of a collapsing shell in an expanding Universe
Creators: name: Alberghi, G. L.
name: Casadio, R.
name: Venturi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the quasi-static collapse of a radiating, spherical shell of matter in de Sitter space-time using a thermodynamical formalism. It is found that the specific heat at constant area and other thermodynamical quantities exhibit singularities related to phase transitions during the collapse.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Free-energy transduction within autonomous systems
Creators: name: Large, Steven J
name: Ehrich, Jannik
name: Sivak, David A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excess work required to drive a stochastic system out of thermodynamic equilibrium through a time-dependent external perturbation is directly related to the amount of entropy produced during the driving process, allowing excess work and entropy production to be used interchangeably to quantify dissipation. Given the common intuition of biological molecular machines as internally communicating work between components, it is tempting to extend this correspondence to the driving of one component of an autonomous system by another; however, no such relation between the internal excess work and entropy production exists. Here we introduce the `transduced additional free energy rate' between strongly coupled subsystems of an autonomous system, that is analogous to the excess power in systems driven by an external control parameter that receives no feedback from the system. We prove that this is a relevant measure of dissipation -- in that it equals the steady-state entropy production rate due to the downstream subsystem -- and demonstrate its advantages with a simple model system.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
A critical review of proposals for financial cooperation among developing countries
Creators: name: BIRD, G.
name: OPPENHEIM, J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Financial cooperation, developing countries
subject: F36, G23, O16

description: The work reviews the scope for useful south-south co-operation with in the financial area. It examines three main issues whose resolution will be critical to the success of an exclusively Southern financial body: the pre-requisites for effective cooperation, the objectives, and finally the institutional forms of financial co-operation. The general conclusion reached is that the proposals to date raise more questions than they answer. Not only is the need for any such institution debatable, given the lack of any systemic economic trends during the 1970s and early 1980s, but more importantly it is also unclear whether the mutuality of economic interests among the Group of 77 is as pronounced as the proposals normally assume. JEL: F36, G23, O16
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 154 (1985)
Disentangling spatial and flow anisotropy
Creators: name: Tomasik, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two generalisations of the blast-wave model to non-central nuclear collisions are constructed, and elliptic flow as well as azimuthal dependence of correlation radii are calculated. Particular attention is paid to how different azimuthal dependences of transverse flow direction can cause qualitatively different anisotropic fireballs to give same v_2 as a function of the transverse momentum. The simultaneous dependence of v_2 and the oscillation of correlation radii on both spatial and flow anisotropy is studied in great detail.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, in this published version introduction and conclusion were rewritten in order to better stress the motivation and make links to existing results, actual results are not chenged
The dollar yesterday, today, and tomorrow
Creators: name: KINDLEBERGER, C.P.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dollar, foreign exchange, international monetary system
subject: E42, F31, F33

description: For over 20 years the world trading system has been effectively based on a dollar standard. The circulation of the dollar in the world's foreign exchanges is thus of crucial importance to the well-being of the international monetary system. Both shortages and gluts create problems which can inhibit world trade. The author is a leading authority on the dollar and has written extensively on managing its circulation. He presents his views on the reasons for the dollar having gained this role, its present-day problems and future prospects. JEL: E42, F31, F33
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 155 (1985)
Hölder continuous maps on the interval with positive metric mean dimension
Creators: name: Acevedo, Jeovanny M.
name: Romaña, Sergio
name: Arias, Raibel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Fix a compact metric space $X$ with finite topological dimension. Let $C^{0}(X)$ be the space of continuous maps on $X$ and $ H^α(X)$ the space of $α$-Hölder continuous maps on $X$, for $α\in (0,1].$ $H^{1}(X)$ is the space of Lipschitz continuous maps on $X$. We have $$H^{1}(X)\subset H^β(X) \subset H^α(X) \subset C^{0}(X),\quad\text{ where }0<α<β<1.$$ It is well-known that if $ϕ\in H^{1}(X)$, then $ϕ$ has metric mean dimension equal to zero. On the other hand, if $X$ is a finite dimensional compact manifold, then $C^{0}(X)$ contains a residual subset whose elements have positive metric mean dimension. In this work we will prove that, for any $α\in (0,1)$, there exists $ϕ\in H^α([0,1]) $ with positive metric mean dimension.