Trigona Jurine 1807
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Cristiano Feitosa
name: Nogueira, David Silva
name: Oliveira, Favízia Freitas De
name: Oliveira, Marcio Luiz De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Trigona

description: Key to Trigona Jurine, 1807 species from Brazil (workers)
1. Integument predominantly yellowish or yellowish with blackened areas; mandibles with five teeth.................... 2
– Integument predominantly black or reddish-brown; mandibles with four or five teeth............................... 5
2(1). Bees with an approximate total length between 7.0 and 7.4 mm; metasoma elongated...... T. (Aphaneura) (partim) and T. (Trigona) (partim).................................................................................... 3
– Bees with a total length of approximately 5.5 mm; metasoma subtriangular .... T. (Aphaneura) (partim)................ 4
3(2). Labrum bituberculate; head partially blackened, with yellowish epistomal suture; vertex with erect setae spaced and short, length of erect setae approximately 1.2x the diameter of the scape (Fig. 10A) .... T. (Aphaneura) (partim).................................................................................... T. (Aphaneura) williana Friese, 1900.
– Labrum simple; head yellowed, with blackened epistomal suture; vertex with dense and long erect setae, length of erect setae approximately 2.4x the diameter of the scape (Fig. 10B) .... T. (Trigona) (partim)... T. (Trigona) dallatorreana Friese, 1900.
4(2). Metabasitarsus with posterior border at right angle and not projecting at apex (Fig. 11A); scape with setae approximately 0.9x the scape diameter; mesoscutum light yellow................................. (Aphaneura) pallens (Fabricius, 1798).
– Metabasitarsus with posterior edge in acute angle and projecting at the apex (Fig. 11B); scape with setae approximately 1.2x the scape diameter; mesoscutum with reddish-brown areas............ T. (Aphaneura) chanchamayoensis Schwarz, 1948.
5(1). Mandible with four teeth............................................................................... 6
– Mandible with five teeth............................................................................... 10
6(5). Labrum bituberculate (Fig. 12A) .... T. (Koilotrigona) ........................................................ 7
– Labrum simple (Fig. 12B) .... T. (Aphaneuropsis) ........................................................... 8
7(6). Metasoma black or reddish-brown (Fig. 13A)............................ T. (Koilotrigona) guianae Cockerell, 1910.
– Metasoma yellowish (Fig. 13B)........................................... T. (Koilotrigona) braueri Friese, 1900.
8(6). Mesoscutum with relatively long erect setae (0.26 mm), approximately 1.7x the scape diameter (Fig. 14A); wing membrane hyaline; veins blackened on the basal half and brown-yellowish in the remaining half; microtrichia blackish at the wing base and white ate the apical half........................................... T. (Aphaneuropsis) silveirai Oliveira, 2024.
– Mesoscutum with relatively short erect setae (0.15 mm), the longest with approximately 1x the scape diameter (Fig. 14B); wing membrane, veins and microtrichia variable................................................................. 9
9(8) Veins C, R, M+Cu, basal half of the Anal vein and apical half of the R1 vein brown-blackened, the other veins yellowish; microtrichia brown-blackened in its basal third, brown in the apical fifth and light yellow in the remaining middle region; wing membrane brown-blackened in its basal (Fig. 15A)....................... T. (Aphaneuropsis) cilipes (Fabricius, 1804).
– Veins uniformly yellowish; microtrichia yellowish, except in the fifth apical where is brown; wing membrane hyaline (Fig. 15B)........................................................... T. (Aphaneuropsis) pellucida Cockerell, 1912.
10(5). Metatibia narrow, claviform with very gradual widening, notably narrow, the distal apex edge rounded, with the the external surface relatively flat on the apical third; corbicula strongly reduced (Fig. 16A) .... T. (Necrotrigona) ................. 11
– Metatibia enlarged, with the external surface concave on the apical third; corbicula developed (Fig. 16B).............. 13
11(10). Epistomal suture slightly concave between the tentorial fovea and the corner of the clypeus, (Fig. 17A); scape with relatively short erect setae approximately 0.6x the scape diameter................... T. (Necrotrigona) crassipes (Fabricius, 1793).
– Epistomal suture strongly concave between the tentorial fovea and the corner of the clypeus, (Fig. 17B and C); scape with relatively long erect black setae approximately 0.8x to 0.9x scape diameter...................................... 12
12(11). Metabasitarsus with posterior border forming a right angle and with apex not projected (Fig. 18A); mesoscutum with long erect setae, approximately 2.3x the scape diameter.............................. T. (Necrotrigona) hypogea Silvestri, 1902.
– Metabasitarsus with posterior border forming an acute angle, with the apex projected (Fig. 18B); mesoscutum with relatively shorter erect setae, approximately 1.7x the scape diameter....................... T. (Necrotrigona) rondoniesis sp. nov.
13(10). Wing membrane and veins with marked contrast between dark basal half and milky apical half (Fig. 19A and B) .... T. (Dichrotrigona) ..................................................................................... 14
– Wing membrane and veins without marked contrast between the basal half and the apical half (Fig. 21A and B, 22A and B, 28A and B, 29A and B)................................................................................... 15
14(13). Approximate total body length 8.6 mm; wing membrane and veins blackened in the basal half, milky sub-marginal cell (Fig. 19A); T3 with relatively short setae (0.09 mm) in the middle region, with about 0.5x the scape diameter .................................................................................... T. (Dichrotrigona) dimidiata Smith, 1854.
– Approximate total body length 9.6 mm; wing membrane and veins blackened in approximately 2/3 basal, sub-marginal cell slightly blackened (Fig. 19B); T3 with setae relatively long (0.22 mm) and dense in the median region, with about 1x the diameter of the scape............................................ T. (Dichrotrigona) sesquipedalis Almeida, 1984.
15(13). Scape black or black with reddish-brown ventral surface (Fig. 20A and B), with erect, short, brown setae, including on the dorsal surface, approximately 0.4x to 0.5x the diameter of the scape; clypeus with short setae, approximately 0.6x the diameter of the scape; wing membrane hyaline or slightly smoky; length total body between 4.10 mm to 5.6 mm .. T. (Ktinotrofia). 16
– Without the above combination......................................................................... 17
16(15). Total body length with approximately 5.6mm; hyaline to slightly brown wing membrane, veins and pterostigma uniformly brown (Fig. 21A); supraclipeal area in the upper half with very short setae, approximately 0.4x the diameter of the scape...................................................................... T. (Ktinotrofia) albipennis Almeida, 1992.
– Total body length with approximately 4.1 mm; slightly smoky wing membrane; veins and pterostigma blackened (Fig. 21B); supraclipeal area in the upper half with setae approximately 0.7x the scape diameter...... T. (Ktinotrofia) almeidae sp. nov.
17(15). Bees with an approximate total length between 7.9 to 9.6 mm; wing membrane and veins smoky or brownish with gradually lighter apex; scape with setae approximately 0.5x the scape diameter; mesoscutum with setae larger than 1.6x the scape diameter .... T. (Trigona) (partim).............................................................................. 18
– Without the above combination......................................................................... 19
18(17). Total body length with approximately 7.9 mm; wing membrane evenly smoky (Fig. 22A); veins blackened; pterostigma smoky; microtrichia brown-blackened; malar space with approximately 1x the diameter of the scape............................................................................................... T. (Trigona) amalthea (Olivier, 1789).
– Total body length with approximately 9.6 mm; wing membrane uniformly brown (Fig. 22B); veins and pterostigma brownish; microtrichia brown; malar space with approximately 1.4x the diameter of the scape.. T. (Trigona) truculenta Almeida, 1984.
19(17). Metatibia relatively narrow (<0.8 mm), approximately 3x to 3.4x longer than wide, and shallow in the distal third (Fig. 23A); scape with setae of approximately 0.7x to 0.9x the scape diameter, except for T. daianeae sp. nov. with 1.3x the scape diameter and distinctly elevated post-ocellar carina; total body length approximately 4.7 mm to 5.30 mm .... T. (Nostotrigona) ..... 20
– Metatibia relatively wide (> 0.9 mm), approximately 2.7x to 3x longer than wide, and with evident concavity in the distal third (Fig. 23B); scape with setae of approximately 1x to 1.2x scape diameter, except T. spinipes with 0.6x scape diameter; post-ocellar carina short; total body length approximately 5, 7 mm a 7.0 mm .... T. (Trigona) (partim)..................... 24
20(19). Face with a wide distance between the epistomal suture and the lower tangent of the antennal socket of approximately 0.7× scape diameter (Fig. 24A); post-ocellar carina strongly elevated............................................... 21
– Face with narrow distance between the epistomal suture and the lower tangent of the antennal socket of approximately 0.3× scape diameter (Fig. 24B); post-ocellar carina short and smooth............................................... 22
21(20). Scape with erect setae measuring approximately 0.9x the scape diameter (Fig. 25A); lower paraocular areas with setae erect 1.2x longer than branched hairs............................................ T. (Nostotrigona) recursa Smith, 1863.
– Scape with erect setae measuring approximately 1.3x the diameter of the scape (Fig. 25B); lower paraocular areas with setae erect 2.4x longer than branched hairs..................................... T. (Nostotrigona) daianeae Ribeiro, 2023.
22(20). Metabasitarsus distinctly enlarged on the apical half of the posterior margin, forming an acute angle (Fig. 26A); Mesoscutum with long setae (0.26 mm), approximately 1.9x the scape diameter; labrum slightly protuberant medially.................................................................................... T. (Nostotrigona) juvenili Ribeiro, 2023.
– Metabasitarsus with rather parallel-sided, their posterior apical extremity almost rectangular to slightly produced downward (Fig. 26B and C); Mesoscutum with relatively short setae (between 0.19 mm to 0.22 mm), approximately 1.5x the scape diameter; medially rounded labrum...................................................................... 23
23(22). Metasoma subtriangular (Fig. 27A); scape brown-blackened, with reddish brown base............................................................................................... T. (Nostotrigona) permodica Almeida, 1992.
– Metasoma elongated (Fig. 27B); scape brown-blackened on the dorsal side and brown on the ventral side.............................................................................. T. (Nostotrigona) mandaloriana Ribeiro, 2023.
24(19) Wing membrane hyaline (Fig. 28A and B)................................................................. 25
– Wing membrane slightly brown, melea, or smoky (Fig. 29A and B)............................................ 26
25(24) Veins C, R and M+Cu slightly blackened brown, other brown veins (Fig. 28A)...... T. (Trigona) branneri Cockerell, 1912.
– Veins light brown (Fig. 28B)............................................ T. (Trigona) hyalinata (Lepeletier, 1836).
26(24). Total body length approximately 6.1 mm; wing membrane light brown to melea, veins and microtrichia light brown (Fig. 29A); clypeus without longitudinal median depression; scape with setae approximately 0.9x of scape diameter; mesoscutum with long setae, about 1.6x of scape diameter....................................... T. (Trigona) amazonensis (Ducke, 1916).
– Total body length approximately 5, 8 mm; wing membrane smoky (Fig. 29B); veins and microtrichia brown-blackened; clypeus with median longitudinal depression, easily visible; scape with relatively short setae, approximately 0.6x of scape diameter; mesoscutum with relatively short setae, about 1.2x of scape diameter.............. T. (Trigona) spinipes (Fabricius, 1793).
description: Published as part of Ribeiro, Cristiano Feitosa, Nogueira, David Silva, Oliveira, Favízia Freitas De & Oliveira, Marcio Luiz De, 2024, Two new species of Trigona Jurine, 1807 with an illustrated key for the species occurring in Brazil (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini), pp. 524-546 in Zootaxa 5458 (4) on pages 535-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/11547757