cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Population III Star Formation in an X-ray background: I. Critical Halo Mass of Formation and Total Mass in Stars
Creators: name: Park, Jongwon
name: Ricotti, Massimo
name: Sugimura, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first luminous objects forming in the universe produce radiation backgrounds in the FUV and X-ray bands that affect the formation of Population III stars. Using a grid of cosmological hydrodynamics zoom-in simulations, we explore the impact of the Lyman-Warner (LW) and X-ray radiation backgrounds on the critical dark matter halo mass for Population III star formation and the total mass in stars per halo. We find that the LW radiation background lowers the H$_2$ fraction and delays the formation of the Population III stars. On the other hand, X-ray irradiation anticipates the redshift of collapse and reduces the critical halo mass, unless the X-ray background is too strong and gas heating shuts down gas collapse into the halos and prevents star formation. Therefore, an X-ray background can increase the number of dark matter halos forming Population III stars by about a factor of ten, but the total mass in stars forming in each halo is reduced. This is because X-ray radiation increases the molecular fraction and lowers the minimum temperature of the collapsing gas (or equivalently the mass of the quasi-hydrostatic core) and therefore slows down the accretion of the gas onto the central protostar.
Assessment
Creators: name: Gubina, Alexandra
name: Hoey, Elliott
name: Küttner, Uwe-A.
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2022
Subjects: Conversation Analysis
Encyclopedia
Ethnomethodology
Interactional Linguistics

description: Most broadly, an assessment is a type of social action by which an interactant expresses an evaluative stance towards someone or something (e.g., an object, an event, an action, an experience, a state of affairs, a place, a circumstance, etc.). The target of an assessment is typically called the ‘assessable’.
Advancements in Protection, Automation, Control and Communication (PACC) Session 2: Communication Technologies and Line Protection (Slides)
Creators: Mohindar Sachdev
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2021

Integration of renewable energy sources are changing the characteristics of power systems at a time when utilities are focusing on improving customer service and resiliency of the grid, by using advanced monitoring and control technologies including the use of synchrophasors. Invertor based resources and microgrids are challenging protection engineers. Communication technologies are also advancing, and related international standards are maturing for deployments in substations. Renewed attention is required on protection and control strategies that build on the available and emerging technologies. This tutorial discusses the advancements of protection, automation, control, and communication technologies to address the challenges posed by the changing grid.

The tutorial will update the knowledge base of practicing protection engineers as well as other young engineers. They will learn about the recently developed approaches that they can leverage to enhance the operation of power systems and improve the quality of service provided to customers.
Integration of renewable energy sources are changing the characteristics of power systems at a time when utilities are focusing on improving customer service and resiliency of the grid, by using advanced monitoring and control technologies including the use of synchrophasors. Invertor based resources and microgrids are challenging protection engineers. Communication technologies are also advancing, and related international standards are maturing for deployments in substations. Renewed attention is required on protection and control strategies that build on the available and emerging technologies. This tutorial discusses the advancements of protection, automation, control, and communication technologies to address the challenges posed by the changing grid.

The tutorial will update the knowledge base of practicing protection engineers as well as other young engineers. They will learn about the recently developed approaches that they can leverage to enhance the operation of power systems and improve the quality of service provided to customers.
Density estimation with heteroscedastic error
Creators: name: Delaigle, Aurore
name: Meister, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is common, in deconvolution problems, to assume that the measurement errors are identically distributed. In many real-life applications, however, this condition is not satisfied and the deconvolution estimators developed for homoscedastic errors become inconsistent. In this paper, we introduce a kernel estimator of a density in the case of heteroscedastic contamination. We establish consistency of the estimator and show that it achieves optimal rates of convergence under quite general conditions. We study the limits of application of the procedure in some extreme situations, where we show that, in some cases, our estimator is consistent, even when the scaling parameter of the error is unbounded. We suggest a modified estimator for the problem where the distribution of the errors is unknown, but replicated observations are available. Finally, an adaptive procedure for selecting the smoothing parameter is proposed and its finite-sample properties are investigated on simulated examples.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/08-BEJ121 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Tracing Halpha Fibrils through Bayesian Deep Learning
Creators: name: Jiang, Haodi
name: Jing, Ju
name: Wang, Jiasheng
name: Liu, Chang
name: Li, Qin
name: Xu, Yan
name: Wang, Jason T. L.
name: Wang, Haimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a new deep learning method, dubbed FibrilNet, for tracing chromospheric fibrils in Halpha images of solar observations. Our method consists of a data pre-processing component that prepares training data from a threshold-based tool, a deep learning model implemented as a Bayesian convolutional neural network for probabilistic image segmentation with uncertainty quantification to predict fibrils, and a post-processing component containing a fibril-fitting algorithm to determine fibril orientations. The FibrilNet tool is applied to high-resolution Halpha images from an active region (AR 12665) collected by the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) equipped with high-order adaptive optics at the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). We quantitatively assess the FibrilNet tool, comparing its image segmentation algorithm and fibril-fitting algorithm with those employed by the threshold-based tool. Our experimental results and major findings are summarized as follows. First, the image segmentation results (i.e., detected fibrils) of the two tools are quite similar, demonstrating the good learning capability of FibrilNet. Second, FibrilNet finds more accurate and smoother fibril orientation angles than the threshold-based tool. Third, FibrilNet is faster than the threshold-based tool and the uncertainty maps produced by FibrilNet not only provide a quantitative way to measure the confidence on each detected fibril, but also help identify fibril structures that are not detected by the threshold-based tool but are inferred through machine learning. Finally, we apply FibrilNet to full-disk Halpha images from other solar observatories and additional high-resolution Halpha images collected by BBSO/GST, demonstrating the tool's usability in diverse datasets.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
Tunnelling in alkanes anchored to gold electrodes via amine end groups
Creators: name: Fagas, Giorgos
name: Greer, James C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For investigation of electron transport on the nanoscale, a system possessing a simple to interpret electronic structure is composed of alkane chains bridging two electrodes via end groups; to date the majority of experiments and theoretical investigations on such structures have considered thiols bonding to gold electrodes. Recently experiments show that well defined molecular conductances may be resolved if the thiol end groups are replaced by amines. In this theoretical study, we investigate the bonding of amine groups to gold clusters and calculate electron transport across the resulting tunnel junctions. We find very good agreement with recent experiments for alkane diamines and discuss differences with respect to the alkane dithiol system.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; to appear in Nanotechnology
Software Implementation of the Krylov Methods Based Reconstruction for the 3D Cone Beam CT Operator
Creators: name: Kulvait, Vojtěch
name: Rose, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Krylov subspace methods are considered a standard tool to solve large systems of linear algebraic equations in many scientific disciplines such as image restoration or solving partial differential equations in mechanics of continuum. In the context of computer tomography however, the mostly used algebraic reconstruction techniques are based on classical iterative schemes. In this work we present software package that implements fully 3D cone beam projection operator and uses Krylov subspace methods, namely CGLS and LSQR to solve related tomographic reconstruction problems. It also implements basic preconditioning strategies. On the example of the cone beam CT reconstruction of 3D Shepp-Logan phantom we show that the speed of convergence of the CGLS clearly outperforms PSIRT algorithm. Therefore Krylov subspace methods present an interesting option for the reconstruction of large 3D cone beam CT problems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, published in Proceedings of the 16th Virtual International Meeting on Fully 3D Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 2021 arXiv:2110.04143
Maximising Precision in Saturation-Limited Absorption Measurements
Creators: name: Biele, J.
name: Wollmann, S.
name: Silverstone, J. W.
name: Matthews, J. C. F.
name: Allen, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum fluctuations in the intensity of an optical probe is noise which limits measurement precision in absorption spectroscopy. Increased probe power can offer greater precision, however, this strategy is often constrained by sample saturation. Here, we analyse measurement precision for a generalised absorption model in which we account for saturation and explore its effect on both classical and quantum probe performance. We present a classical probe-sample optimisation strategy to maximise precision and find that optimal probe powers always fall within the saturation regime. We apply our optimisation strategy to two examples, high-precision Doppler broadened thermometry and an absorption spectroscopy measurement of Chlorophyll A. We derive a limit on the maximum precision gained from using a non-classical probe and find a strategy capable of saturating this bound. We evaluate amplitude-squeezed light as a viable experimental probe state and find it capable of providing precision that reaches to within > 85% of the ultimate quantum limit with currently available technology.
description: 12 pages and 5 figures
Growth of Oxide Compounds under Dynamic Atmosphere Composition
Creators: name: Klimm, D.
name: Ganschow, S.
name: Schulz, D.
name: Uecker, R.
name: Reiche, P.
name: Fornari, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Commercially available gases contain residual impurities leading to a background oxygen partial pressure of typically several 10^{-6} bar, independent of temperature. This oxygen partial pressure is inappropriate for the growth of some single crystals where the desired oxidation state possesses a narrow stability field. Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations allow the determination of dynamic atmosphere compositions yielding such self adjusting and temperature dependent oxygen partial pressures, that crystals like ZnO, Ga2O3, or Fe{1-x}O can be grown from the melt.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, talk on CGCT-4 Sendai, May 21-24, 2008
Heteroepitaxial growth and optoelectronic properties of layered iron oxyarsenide, LaFeAsO
Creators: name: Hiramatsu, Hidenori
name: Katase, Takayoshi
name: Kamiya, Toshio
name: Hirano, Masahiro
name: Hosono, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Epitaxial thin films of LaFeAsO were fabricated on MgO (001) and mixed-perovskite (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O3 (001) single-crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition using a Nd:YAG second harmonic source and a 10 at.% F-doped LaFeAsO disk target. Temperature dependences of the electrical resistivities showed no superconducting transition in the temperature range of 2-300 K, and were similar to those of undoped polycrystalline bulk samples. The transmittance spectrum exhibited a clear peak at ~0.2 eV, which is explained by ab-initio calculations.
description: Submission: 31st July 2008, Accepted for publication in Appl. Phys. Lett
Scaling Cosmologies from Duality Twisted Compactifications
Creators: name: Lidsey, James E.
name: Malik, Karim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillating moduli fields can support a cosmological scaling solution in the presence of a perfect fluid when the scalar field potential satisfies appropriate conditions. We examine when such conditions arise in higher-dimensional, non-linear sigma-models that are reduced to four dimensions under a generalized Scherk-Schwarz compactification. We show explicitly that scaling behaviour is possible when the higher-dimensional action exhibits a global SL(n,R) or O(2,2) symmetry. These underlying symmetries can be exploited to generate non-trivial scaling solutions when the moduli fields have non-canonical kinetic energy. We also consider the compactification of eleven-dimensional vacuum Einstein gravity on an elliptic twisted torus.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
Matrices: an investigation into the history and a study of some of the theory of matrix algebra, with notes on an experiment in teaching and a teacher opinion on the place of matrix algebra in school mathematics
Creators: name: Smith, Samuel B.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Matrices: an investigation into the history and a study of some of the theory of matrix algebra, with notes on an experiment in teaching and a teacher opinion on the place of matrix algebra in school mathematics
Overlap
Creators: name: Lechler, Constanze
name: Aldrup, Marit
name: Hoey, Elliott
name: Gubina, Alexandra
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2022
Subjects: Conversation Analysis
Encyclopedia
Ethnomethodology
Interactional Linguistics

description: Overlap is the simultaneous production of talk by two or more interlocutors. While occurrences of overlap are typically conceived of as violations of the one-at-a-time principle (Sacks, et al. 1974), there are contexts in which choral speaking is the norm, as in the case of collective greetings, leave-takings, or assessments in multi-party interaction (Schegloff 2000). In CA/IL transcription, overlap is notated with square brackets (Jefferson 2004a; Selting, et al. 2009).
Antiferromagnetic Nuclear Resonance in the Quasi-Two-Dimensional (CuBr)LaNb2O7
Creators: name: Yoshida, M.
name: Ogata, N.
name: Takigawa, M.
name: Kitano, T.
name: Kageyama, H.
name: Ajiro, Y.
name: Yoshimura, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies in the antiferromagnetic state of the quasi-two-dimensional (CuBr)LaNb2O7. The NMR spectra at zero magnetic field and 4.2 K indicate a unique Cu and Br sites with an internal field of 5.7 T (at Cu) and 16.4 T (at Br), confirming a magnetic order. For the large internal field at the Br sites to be compatible with the collinear antiferromagnetic order observed by neutron diffraction experiments (N. Oba et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75, (2006) 113601), the Br atoms must move significantly off the center of the square of the Cu sublattice so that the Br nuclei couple predominantly to two parallel Cu moments. While invalidating the frustrated J1-J2 model defined on a C4-symmetric square lattice, our results are compatible with the structural model proposed for (CuCl)LaNb2O7 by Yoshida et al. (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76 (2007) 104703).
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, published version
Relationship between spin squeezing and single-particle coherence in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with Josephson coupling
Creators: name: Jin, G. R.
name: Law, C. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate spin squeezing of a two-mode boson system with a Josephson coupling. An exact relation between the squeezing and the single-particle coherence at the maximal-squeezing time is discovered, which provides a more direct way to measure the squeezing by readout the coherence in atomic interference experiments. We prove explicitly that the strongest squeezing is along the $J_z$ axis, indicating the appearance of atom number-squeezed state. Power laws of the strongest squeezing and the optimal coupling with particle number $N$ are obtained based upon a wide range of numerical simulations.
description: 4 figures, revtex4, new refs. are added
Arcastes biplagiata Baly 1865
Creators: name: Hazmi, Izfa Riza
name: Wagner, Tomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Arcastes
Arcastes biplagiata

description: Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865 Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865: 147 Total length. 4.45–7.35 mm (mean: 5.96 mm, n=12) Head. Reddish-brown to red. Antennae entirely black and only the terminal three antennomeres usually contrasting pale yellow to reddish (Figs 1, 7). Ratio of length of second to third antennomeres 0.50–0.57 (mean: 0.53); third to seventh antennomeres enlarged, ratio of length of third to fourth antennomeres 0.60–0.67 (mean: 0.63), eighth to eleventh antennomeres very slender (Fig. 8).
description: Published as part of Hazmi, Izfa Riza & Wagner, Tomas, 2010, Revision of Arcastes Baly, 1865 from the Oriental Region (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae), pp. 79-99 in ZooKeys 42 (42) on page 86, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.42.336, http://zenodo.org/record/576653
description: {"references": ["Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148."]}
Saturation effects in the sub-Doppler spectroscopy of Cesium vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell
Creators: name: Andreeva, C.
name: Cartaleva, S.
name: Petrov, L.
name: Saltiel, S. M.
name: Sarkisyan, D.
name: Varzhapetyan, T.
name: Bloch, D.
name: Ducloy, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Saturation effects affecting absorption and fluorescence spectra of an atomic vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell (cell thickness $L < 1 μm$) are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The study is performed on the $D_{2}$ line ($λ~= ~852 nm)$ of $Cs$ and concentrates on the two situations $L = λ/2$ and $L =λ$, the most contrasted ones with respect to the length dependence of the coherent Dicke narrowing. For $L = λ/2$, the Dicke-narrowed absorption profile simply broadens and saturates in amplitude when increasing the light intensity, while for $L =λ$, sub-Doppler dips of reduced absorption at line-center appear on the broad absorption profile. For a fluorescence detection at $L =λ$, saturation induces narrow dips, but only for hyperfine components undergoing a population loss through optical pumping. These experimental results are interpreted with the help of the various existing models, and are compared with numerical calculations based upon a two-level modelling that considers both a closed and an open system.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Universal estimate of the gradient for parabolic equations
Creators: name: Dokuchaev, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35K10, 35K15, 35K20

description: We suggest a modification of the estimate for weighted Sobolev norms of solutions of parabolic equations such that the matrix of the higher order coefficients is included into the weight for the gradient. More precisely, we found the upper limit estimate that can be achieved by variations of the zero order coefficient. As an example of applications, an asymptotic estimate was obtained for the gradient at initial time. The constant in the estimates is the same for all possible choices of the dimension, domain, time horizon, and the coefficients of the parabolic equation. As an another example of application, existence and regularity results are obtained for parabolic equations with time delay for the gradient.
description: 15 pages
Consistency of the $α$-trimming of a probability. Applications to central regions
Creators: name: Cascos, Ignacio
name: López-Díaz, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The sequence of $α$-trimmings of empirical probabilities is shown to converge, in the Painlevé--Kuratowski sense, on the class of probability measures endowed with the weak topology, to the $α$-trimming of the population probability. Such a result is applied to the study of the asymptotic behaviour of central regions based on the trimming of a probability.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/07-BEJ109 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Directed transient long-range transport in a slowly driven Hamiltonian system of interacting particles
Creators: name: Hennig, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Hamiltonian dynamics of a one-dimensional chain of linearly coupled particles in a spatially periodic potential which is subjected to a time-periodic mono-frequency external field. The average over time and space of the related force vanishes and hence, the system is effectively without bias which excludes any ratchet effect. We pay special attention to the escape of the entire chain when initially all of its units are distributed in a potential well. Moreover for an escaping chain we explore the possibility of the successive generation of a directed flow based on large accelerations. We find that for adiabatic slope-modulations due to the ac-field transient long-range transport dynamics arises whose direction is governed by the initial phase of the modulation. Most strikingly, that for the driven many particle Hamiltonian system directed collective motion is observed provides evidence for the existence of families of transporting invariant tori confining orbits in ballistic channels in the high dimensional phase spaces.
Life Cycle Evaluation of Frozen Okra by Using Parameter Screening Method
Creators: name: Sate Sampattagul, Supalak Palee
Publisher: name: คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
Year: 2012
Subjects: Environmentally responsible product assessment/ Life cycle assessment/ Frozen okra/ Screening LCA/ Streamline LCA

description: 2, 10, Environment and Natural Resources Journal
Periodicity of ~155 days in solar electron fluence
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Partha
name: Ray, P. C.
name: Ray, Saibal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we have investigated the occurrence rate of high energetic(E>10 MeV) solar electron flares measured by IMP-8 spacecraft of NASA for solar cycle 21 (June, 1976 to August, 1986) first time by three different methods to detect periodicities accurately. Power-spectrum analysis confirms a periodicity ~155 days which is in consistent with the result of Chowdhury and Ray (2006), that "Rieger periodicity" was operated throughout the cycle 21 and it is independent on the energy of the electron fluxes.
description: 11 pages of PDF version of MSWORD, 3 figures with 1 table
PRO-Ethics D4.3 Results of workshop 1 with ethics committees and research integrity bodies
Creators: name: Gabrieal, Madeleine
name: Glennie, Alex
name: Ollard, Juliet
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: PRO-Ethics
Ethical Engagement
Participatory Research and Innovation
RRI
Citizen Science
Engagement Processes

description: Effective stakeholder engagement is essential if PRO-Ethics is to have lasting, sustainable impact. PRO-Ethics needs to draw on the expertise of organisations outside the consortium in order to develop a robust ethics framework and practical, usable guidelines for assessing the ethics of participation processes in innovation processes. Its wider impact also depends on results being taken up and used by organisations beyond the consortium. Work Package 4 is designed to ensure that key stakeholders are meaningfully involved in PRO-Ethics from an early stage and throughout the project. Task 4.3, dialogue with ethics committees and research integrity (RI) bodies, is designed to facilitate this process. This document describes the results of PRO-Ethics’ initial steps to engage this key set of stakeholders. It presents findings from a set of interviews and a workshop conducted between July and September 2020. These activities engaged important stakeholder organisations for PRO-Ethics at both the national and regional levels, including the European Network of Research Integrity Offices (ENRIO), the European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities (ALLEA), and the European Network of Research Ethics Committees (EUREC, a PRO-Ethics partner), as well as academic institutions. DISCLAIMER: The present Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.
PRO-Ethics D5.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Concept
Creators: name: Sturn, Dorothea
name: Schuerz, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: PRO-Ethics
Ethical Engagement
Participatory Research and Innovation
RRI
Citizen Science
Engagement Processes

description: The present deliverable is the main output of Task 5.1, which entails the development of a Monitoring and Evaluation Concept. This concept is aimed specifically at the eleven Pilot cases of the PRO-Ethics project, which in turn serve as real live experiments of participatory approaches in research and innovation funding. The pilots are organised in two phases, intended to maximise the possible impact of the project. To this end, the four ongoing Phase I Pilot Cases are reviewed and the learnings applied to create the seven Phase II Pilot Cases. The D5.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Concept thus serves to monitor and evaluate the present Pilots, as well as to create, monitor, and evaluate the new Pilots of Phase II. Beyond the confines of the PRO-Ethics project, the Monitoring and Evaluation Concept should also be applicable outside the project consortium in other programmes and processes with participatory elements. Because of this, the present Concept aims for a rather abstract approach to monitoring and evaluation, to ensure broad applicability. DISCLAIMER: The present Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Fast Prediction and Evaluation of Gravitational Waveforms Using Surrogate Models
Creators: name: Field, Scott E.
name: Galley, Chad R.
name: Hesthaven, Jan S.
name: Kaye, Jason
name: Tiglio, Manuel
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: Astrophysics
Computational Physics
Gravitation

description: We propose a solution to the problem of quickly and accurately predicting gravitational waveforms within any given physical model. The method is relevant for both real-time applications and more traditional scenarios where the generation of waveforms using standard methods can be prohibitively expensive. Our approach is based on three offline steps resulting in an accurate reduced order model in both parameter and physical dimensions that can be used as a surrogate for the true or fiducial waveform family. First, a set of m parameter values is determined using a greedy algorithm from which a reduced basis representation is constructed. Second, these m parameters induce the selection of m time values for interpolating a waveform time series using an empirical interpolant that is built for the fiducial waveform family. Third, a fit in the parameter dimension is performed for the waveform’s value at each of these m times. The cost of predicting L waveform time samples for a generic parameter choice is of order O(mL+mcfit) online operations, where cfit denotes the fitting function operation count and, typically, m≪L. The result is a compact, computationally efficient, and accurate surrogate model that retains the original physics of the fiducial waveform family while also being fast to evaluate. We generate accurate surrogate models for effective-one-body waveforms of nonspinning binary black hole coalescences with durations as long as 105M, mass ratios from 1 to 10, and for multiple spherical harmonic modes. We find that these surrogates are more than 3 orders of magnitude faster to evaluate as compared to the cost of generating effective-one-body waveforms in standard ways. Surrogate model building for other waveform families and models follows the same steps and has the same low computational online scaling cost. For expensive numerical simulations of binary black hole coalescences, we thus anticipate extremely large speedups in generating new waveforms with a surrogate. As waveform generation is one of the dominant costs in parameter estimation algorithms and parameter space exploration, surrogate models offer a new and practical way to dramatically accelerate such studies without impacting accuracy. Surrogates built in this paper, as well as others, are available from GWSurrogate, a publicly available python package.
description: This work was supported in part by NSF Grants No. PHY-1208861, No. PHY-1316424, and No. PHY-1005632 to the University of Maryland and by NSF Grant No. PHY-1068881 and CAREER Grant No. PHY-0956189 to the California Institute of Technology.
Quantum Tunneling Beyond Semiclassical Approximation
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rabin
name: Majhi, Bibhas Ranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hawking radiation as tunneling by Hamilton-Jacobi method beyond semiclassical approximation is analysed. We compute all quantum corrections in the single particle action revealing that these are proportional to the usual semiclassical contribution. We show that a simple choice of the proportionality constants reproduces the one loop back reaction effect in the spacetime, found by conformal field theory methods, which modifies the Hawking temperature of the black hole. Using the law of black hole mechanics we give the corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking area law following from the modified Hawking temperature. Some examples are explicitly worked out.
description: LaTex, 17 pages, no figures, Important changes in section 3, new references added, version to appear in JHEP
Using a high-dimensional graph of semantic space to model relationships among words
Creators: name: Jackson, Alice F.
name: Bolger, Donald J.
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: graph
computational model of language
similarity
co-occurrence
distribution model

description: The GOLD model (Graph Of Language Distribution) is a network model constructed based on co-occurrence in a large corpus of natural language that may be used to explore what information may be present in a graph-structured model of language, and what information may be extracted through theoretically-driven algorithms as well as standard graph analysis methods. The present study will employ GOLD to examine two types of relationship between words: semantic similarity and associative relatedness. Semantic similarity refers to the degree of overlap in meaning between words, while associative relatedness refers to the degree to which two words occur in the same schematic context. It is expected that a graph structured model of language constructed based on co-occurrence should easily capture associative relatedness, because this type of relationship is thought to be present directly in lexical co-occurrence. However, it is hypothesized that semantic similarity may be extracted from the intersection of the set of first-order connections, because two words that are semantically similar may occupy similar thematic or syntactic roles across contexts and thus would co-occur lexically with the same set of nodes. Two versions the GOLD model that differed in terms of the co-occurence window, bigGOLD at the paragraph level and smallGOLD at the adjacent word level, were directly compared to the performance of a well-established distributional model, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). The superior performance of the GOLD models (big and small) suggest that a single acquisition and storage mechanism, namely co-occurrence, can account for associative and conceptual relationships between words and is more psychologically plausible than models using singular value decomposition (SVD).
New multivariate central limit theorems in linear structural and functional error-in-variables models
Creators: name: Martsynyuk, Yuliya V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 62J99 (Primary) 60E07 (Secondary)

description: This paper deals simultaneously with linear structural and functional error-in-variables models (SEIVM and FEIVM), revisiting in this context generalized and modified least squares estimators of the slope and intercept, and some methods of moments estimators of unknown variances of the measurement errors. New joint central limit theorems (CLT's) are established for these estimators in the SEIVM and FEIVM under some first time, so far the most general, respective conditions on the explanatory variables, and under the existence of four moments of the measurement errors. Moreover, due to them being in Studentized forms to begin with, the obtained CLT's are a priori nearly, or completely, data-based, and free of unknown parameters of the distribution of the errors and any parameters associated with the explanatory variables. In contrast, in related CLT's in the literature so far, the covariance matrices of the limiting normal distributions are, in general, complicated and depend on various, typically unknown parameters that are hard to estimate. In addition, the very forms of the CLT's in the present paper are universal for the SEIVM and FEIVM. This extends a previously known interplay between a SEIVM and a FEIVM. Moreover, though the particular methods and details of the proofs of the CLT's in the SEIVM and FEIVM that are established in this paper are quite different, a unified general scheme of these proofs is constructed for the two models herewith.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-EJS075 in the Electronic Journal of Statistics (http://www.i-journals.org/ejs/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Macroscopic Model of Geomagnetic-Radiation from Air Showers
Creators: name: Scholten, Olaf
name: Werner, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a macroscopic description of coherent electro-magnetic radiation from air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays in the presence of the geo-magnetic field. This description offers a simple and direct insight in the relation between the properties of the air shower and the time-structure of the radio pulse. As we show the structure of the pulse is a direct reflection of the important length scales in the shower.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of the ARENA conference, Rome, 2008
High energy gamma-ray emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts -- before GLAST
Creators: name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense emission of soft gamma-rays, which have fascinated astronomers and astrophysicists since their unexpected discovery in 1960s. The X-ray/optical/radio afterglow observations confirm the cosmological origin of GRBs, support the fireball model, and imply a long-activity of the central engine. The high energy gamma-ray emission (>20 MeV) from GRBs is particularly important because they shed some lights on the radiation mechanisms and can help us to constrain the physical processes giving rise to the early afterglows. In this work, we review observational and theoretical studies of the high energy emission from GRBs. Special attention is given to the expected high energy emission signatures accompanying the canonical early-time X-ray afterglow that was observed by the Swift X-ray Telescope. We also discuss the detection prospect of the upcoming GLAST satellite and the current ground-based Cerenkov detectors.
description: An invited review article to appear in Front. Phys. China., typos corrected (Possible prompt and very early GeV-TeV emission from GRB 080319B are discussed in Sec. V)
PRO-Ethics D7.3 List of Events
Creators: name: Schuerz, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: PRO-Ethics
Ethical Engagement
Participatory Research and Innovation
RRI
Citizen Science
Engagement Processes

description: PRO-Ethics’ overall objective is to create a comprehensive, co-developed, tested, and widely consulted Ethics Framework that enables a more effective handling of the ethical dimensions of innovation, with a special focus on the engagement of non-traditional stakeholders in participative innovation, to the benefit of more relevant, fair and effective innovation activities. The events planned in the course of the project are tailored to this objective, covering all steps necessary to ensure both the highest quality standard and maximum uptake of the core outputs of PRO-Ethics, with the highest possible benefit to the end-users of the PRO-Ethics Framework and Practical Guidelines. This document constitutes deliverable D7.3 List of Events, giving an overview of all planned events of the PRO-Ethics project. DISCLAIMER: The present Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Dark Patterns in Online Shopping: Of Sneaky Tricks, Perceived Annoyance and Respective Brand Trust
Creators: name: Voigt, Christian
name: Schlögl, Stephan
name: Groth, Aleksander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dark patterns utilize interface elements to trick users into performing unwanted actions. Online shopping websites often employ these manipulative mechanisms so as to increase their potential customer base, to boost their sales, or to optimize their advertising efforts. Although dark patterns are often successful, they clearly inhibit positive user experiences. Particularly, with respect to customers' perceived annoyance and trust put into a given brand, they may have negative effects. To investigate respective connections between the use of dark patterns, users' perceived level of annoyance and their expressed brand trust, we conducted an experiment-based survey. We implemented two versions of a fictitious online shop; i.e. one which used five different types of dark patterns and a similar one without such manipulative user interface elements. A total of $n=204$ participants were then forwarded to one of the two shops (approx. $2/3$ to the shop which used the dark patterns) and asked to buy a specific product. Subsequently, we measured participants' perceived annoyance level, their expressed brand trust and their affinity for technology. Results show a higher level of perceived annoyance with those who used the dark pattern version of the online shop. Also, we found a significant connection between perceived annoyance and participants' expressed brand trust. A connection between participants' affinity for technology and their ability to recognize and consequently counter dark patterns, however, is not supported by our data.
description: 13 pages
PRO-Ethics D2.1 Summary and evaluation on Pilot I results
Creators: name: Schrammel, Maria
name: Schuerz, Stefanie
name: Sturn, Dorothea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: PRO-Ethics
Ethical Engagement
Participatory Research and Innovation
RRI
Citizen Science
Engagement Processes

description: Throughout the year of 2020, the PRO-Ethics project has enabled the research funding organisations (RFOs) in its consortium to reflect on their so-named Pilot I cases and showcase some of their prior experiences in working with participatory approaches in RFO activities. For this process, four hosting RFOs (FFG, VDI/VDE-IT, RCN and Innoviris) have partnered with four supporting RFOs (CDTI, TAČR, RCL, UEFISCDI) who contributed to a reflection and analysis process with their external and new perspectives. In this first phase of the project the RFOs reflected on their already existing participation processes with different means and from different perspectives, resulting in a diversity of insights. The present report provides insights into the ongoing reflections of the Pilots and provides lessons learnt from the first four cases of phase I. It summarises a variety of experiences which differ from each other and enables a deeper understanding of the difficulty and diversity of participatory processes. Furthermore, it gives insight into the different ways the RFO partners deal with ethical issues and risks. The experiences and lessons learnt from Pilot I summarised in this report will serve as basis for the development of the phase II Pilots, where RFOs design and implement new cases within the aforementioned action fields of participation. DISCLAIMER: The present deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Evolution of the Ultraviolet Upturn at $0.3
Creators: name: Ali, S. S.
name: De Propris, R.
name: Chung, C.
name: Phillipps, Steven
name: Bremer, Malcolm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the near-UV (rest-frame $\sim 2400$Å) to optical color for early-type galaxies in 12 clusters at $0.3 < z < 1.0$. We show that this is a suitable proxy for the more common far-ultraviolet bandpass used to measure the ultraviolet upturn and find that the upturn is detected to $z=0.6$ in these data, in agreement with previous work. We find evidence that the strength of the upturn starts to wane beyond this redshift and largely disappears at $z=1$. Our data is most consistent with models where early-type galaxies contain minority stellar populations with non-cosmological helium abundances, up to around 46\%, formed at $z \geq 3$, resembling multiple stellar population globular clusters in our Galaxy. This suggests that elliptical galaxies and globular clusters share similar chemical evolution and star formation histories. The vast majority of the stellar mass in these galaxies also must have been in place at $z > 3$.
description: ApJ, in press
‘HIV and work don't go together’: Employment as a social determinant of HIV outcomes among men who have sex with men and transgender women in the Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Kerrigan, Deanna
name: Acevedo, Ramon
name: Donastorg, Yeycy
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Perez, Martha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016

description:
Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV in the Dominican Republic. Little is known about their experiences living with HIV as a chronic condition. We explored employment as a social determinant of well-being with HIV. We conducted 42 qualitative in-depth interviews with MSM (n = 16) and transgender women (n = 5) living with HIV; each participant completed 2 interviews to facilitate depth and iterative analysis. We used narrative analysis and systematic coding to identify salient themes related to employment and the HIV experience and developed a conceptual model of the pathways between HIV stigma, unemployment, and HIV outcomes. Early life experiences, including rejection from families and school, resulted in limited work opportunities, especially among transgender women. Following HIV diagnosis, participants across all socio-economic levels lost jobs and/or were unable to get jobs due to illegal HIV testing and HIV stigma and discrimination. Not being able to work impacted mental health, engagement in HIV care, and overall well-being. We conclude that lack of employment is a salient concern among MSM and transgender women living with HIV. Holistic, multi-level programmes that address illegal HIV testing and discriminatory hiring practices are urgently needed to facilitate engagement in care and long-term well-being.