Siphonaria madangensis Jenkins & Köhler, 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Jenkins, Bruce
name: Köhler, Frank
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Siphonariida
Siphonariidae
Siphonaria
Siphonaria madangensis

description: Siphonaria madangensis sp. nov.
(Figs 63A–B, 64C–D)
Material examined. Type material. Holotype, from S Dumduman Is, Rempi Area, Madang, PNG Coll. PNG 2013, PM12, 9 Nov. 2012 (MNHN IM-2013-12006 [M550], Fig. 63A). Paratype, from Sek Island 05°04,7’S, 145°48,9’E, Madang, PNG; coll. PNG 2013, PM22, 14 Nov. 2012 (MNHN IM-2013-13132 p [M552], Fig. 63B).
External morphology (preserved). Foot sole grey, paler to foot edge; foot wall, mantle and cephalic lobes darker grey; mantle edge band pale grey with darker markings aligning under rib interstices.
Shell (Figs 63A–B; Table S9). Circular ovate, small sized (max sl mean = 12.1 mm, SD = 1.8 mm, n = 2); shell thin, height low to medium; apex offset central, apical sides straight to weakly convex, protoconch direction undetermined, shell whorl dextral; growth striae indistinct, radial banding apparent, shell edge even thin, weakly scalloped; rib count (mean = 55.5, SD = 2.5, n = 2), ribs white, straight, fairly even, weakly raised to unraised, interstices dark brown; siphonal ridge clear, formed by dual split primary ribs, extends beyond shell edge; 0 to 2 secondary ribs between primary ribs; interior golden brown, dark brown rays aligned under rib interstices, span from shell edge to ADM scar, spatula golden brown to chocolate brown, siphonal groove clear, shallow; CMS weakly convex; no whitening or thickening of shell lip observed.
Reproductive system (Fig. 64C; n = 1). Positioned within coelom under the respiratory cavity, occupies the right side of coelom, hermaphroditic glands positioned to posterior against right foot wall and over foot sole, epiphallic parts positioned to anterior between BM and RAM; GA small, with singular GP through foot wall; AO indistinct; ED short, broad, joins to side of GA; GA, AO, ED all white muscular fibrous tissue; EG small, soft whitish tissue, slightly folded, joins ED; single short broad flagellum (F1), similar length and width to ED, appears as an extension of ED. BD and broader CD with juxtapose connections into GA between ED / AO joint and GP, both ducts smooth, broad, whitish, featureless, pass closely together through outer side of RAM (BD over CD) into soft white folded tissues of MG; BD without distal loop or prominent MA, centrally twisted; BC embedded in folds of small MG close to small pale embedded SV; BC medium sized, elongated, whitish translucent test; MG / AG complex relatively small; outer edge of MG lobbed; HD elongated, narrow, coiled, links ducts in soft white folded tissues of AG to small granulated HG; AG larger than HG, side reflects curvature of inner foot wall.
Spermatophore (Fig. 64D). Wide thread-like (length = 1.08 mm, n = 3), translucent, test thin; head section looped, pointed to bluntly rounded, bulbous cylindrical, containing a white gelatinous core, tapers along the transparent flagellum to a thin tip; both sections smooth, featureless, head section longer wider than flagellum (head length = 0.82 ± 0.14 mm, ~ 77% of SPM length, head width = 92 ± 10 μm, flagellum width = 17 ± 0 μm, n = 3). 4 SPM tightly coiled in brown gelatinous mass in single BC (MNHN IM-2013-13132).
Comparative remarks. In our mitochondrial tree (Figs1, 4), S. madangensis sp. nov. (normalis group, Clade E, unit 88) is most closely related to S. fuliginata (unit 80) from Rodrigues. Both species differ by COI distances of ≥ 5.9%. Siphonaria madangensis differs from S. normalis by COI distances of ≥ 5.6%. Siphonaria fuliginata has a paler shell with weaker scalloped edge, white to golden brown interior, a larger AO, a wider BD with bursal loop, and a thinner SPM. We found S. madangensis sp. nov. in sympatry with three congeners in northern PNG. For comparisons with S. atra, S. viridis, and S. normalis refer to comparative remarks under these species.
Distribution and habitat. Recorded from S Dumduman and Sek Islands, Madang area, northern PNG (Fig. 67). In this study, found on limestone shores, intertidal.
Etymology. Named after the type locality of Madang, northern PNG.
description: Published as part of Jenkins, Bruce & Köhler, Frank, 2024, Hidden in plain sight: Systematic review of Indo-West Pacific Siphonariidae uncovers extensive cryptic diversity based on comparative morphology and mitochondrial phylogenetics (Mollusca, Gastropoda), pp. 1-217 in Megataxa 13 (1) on pages 160-162, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.13.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14984186