cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Client-level Assessment of Collaborative Backdoor Poisoning in Non-IID Federated Learning
Creators: name: Lai, Phung
name: Liu, Guanxiong
name: Phan, NhatHai
name: Khalil, Issa
name: Khreishah, Abdallah
name: Wu, Xintao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training using decentralized private data from multiple clients. While FL has shown robustness against poisoning attacks with basic defenses, our research reveals new vulnerabilities stemming from non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data among clients. These vulnerabilities pose a substantial risk of model poisoning in real-world FL scenarios.
 To demonstrate such vulnerabilities, we develop a novel collaborative backdoor poisoning attack called CollaPois. In this attack, we distribute a single pre-trained model infected with a Trojan to a group of compromised clients. These clients then work together to produce malicious gradients, causing the FL model to consistently converge towards a low-loss region centered around the Trojan-infected model. Consequently, the impact of the Trojan is amplified, especially when the benign clients have diverse local data distributions and scattered local gradients. CollaPois stands out by achieving its goals while involving only a limited number of compromised clients, setting it apart from existing attacks. Also, CollaPois effectively avoids noticeable shifts or degradation in the FL model's performance on legitimate data samples, allowing it to operate stealthily and evade detection by advanced robust FL algorithms.
 Thorough theoretical analysis and experiments conducted on various benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of CollaPois compared to state-of-the-art backdoor attacks. Notably, CollaPois bypasses existing backdoor defenses, especially in scenarios where clients possess diverse data distributions. Moreover, the results show that CollaPois remains effective even when involving a small number of compromised clients. Notably, clients whose local data is closely aligned with compromised clients experience higher risks of backdoor infections.
Plasma Pulse Geo-Drilling as a Low-cost Drilling Technology for Deep-geothermal Energy Utilization: Status and Challenges
Creators: name: Ezzat, Mohamed
name: Börner, Jascha
name: Vogler, Daniel
name: Wittig, Volker
name: Saar, Martin O.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Geothermal energy can be a limitless and CO2-free energy resource. However, moderate geothermal temperature gradients of ∼30 oC/km in most regions typically require employing so-called "Advanced" or "Enhanced" geothermal systems, called AGS and EGS, respectively, which require reservoirs with temperatures >150 oC. To access such high temperatures, we need to drill deeper than 5 km, i.e., in hard rock. The costs of drilling to such depths, using traditional rotary drilling, increase exponentially with depth and can be up to 80% of the total geothermal project investment. These high drilling costs can be reduced significantly with contactless drilling technologies (e.g., thermal spallation drilling, laser drilling, microwave drilling, and Plasma Pulse Geo-Drilling), as they avoid the lengthy tripping times associated with drill-bit damage.

PPGD uses high-voltage pulses of a few microseconds duration to fracture the rock, thereby drilling without any mechanical abrasion. Future PPGD costs may be as low as 10% of mechanical rotary drilling costs (Schiegg et al., 2015). Our PPGD research addresses two outstanding questions: (1) Understand the fundamental physics of the electric breakdown inside the rock and associated rock fracturing processes, which we investigate numerically (Ezzat et al., 2022, 2021; Vogler et al., 2020; Walsh and Vogler, 2020). (2) Evaluate the PPGD performance under deep-wellbore conditions of  ~5 km (i.e., high pore and lithostatic pressures, and high temperatures). Our ongoing numerical and experimental studies are expected to provide further insights into the applicability of PPGD for geothermal energy utilization.

First, we numerically model the formation of a plasma in rock pores, which constitutes the onset of rock failure during the PPGD process. These numerical models show the significant effect of the pore characteristics on the PPGD process and give insight into how future PPGD operations should be designed. Second, we conduct PPGD physical experiments, where we employ lithostatic pressures of up to 1500 bar, pore pressures of up to 500 bar, temperatures of up to 80 oC, and voltages of up to 300 kV. Concluding these experiments with the associated challenges shall demonstrate whether PPGD is efficient at great depths of up to 5 km. Combining our numerical and experimental results allows optimizing future PPGD operations.
description: EGUsphere
Low-depth Clifford circuits approximately solve MaxCut
Creators: name: Muñoz-Arias, Manuel H.
name: Kourtis, Stefanos
name: Blais, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a quantum-inspired approximation algorithm for MaxCut based on low-depth Clifford circuits. We start by showing that the solution unitaries found by the adaptive quantum approximation optimization algorithm (ADAPT-QAOA) for the MaxCut problem on weighted fully connected graphs are (almost) Clifford circuits. Motivated by this observation, we devise an approximation algorithm for MaxCut, \emph{ADAPT-Clifford}, that searches through the Clifford manifold by combining a minimal set of generating elements of the Clifford group. Our algorithm finds an approximate solution of MaxCut on an $N$-vertex graph by building a depth $O(N)$ Clifford circuit. The algorithm has runtime complexity $O(N^2)$ and $O(N^3)$ for sparse and dense graphs, respectively, and space complexity $O(N^2)$, with improved solution quality achieved at the expense of more demanding runtimes. We implement ADAPT-Clifford and characterize its performance on graphs with positive and signed weights. The case of signed weights is illustrated with the paradigmatic Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, for which our algorithm finds solutions with ground-state mean energy density corresponding to $\sim94\%$ of the Parisi value in the thermodynamic limit. The case of positive weights is investigated by comparing the cut found by ADAPT-Clifford with the cut found with the Goemans-Williamson (GW) algorithm. For both sparse and dense instances we provide copious evidence that, up to hundreds of nodes, ADAPT-Clifford finds cuts of lower energy than GW.
description: Revised version, several typos corrected, extended appendices
Ophrys tyrrhena.

Blütenanalyse, montiert in einem Diarahmen, erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1979

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen, ohne Ortsangabe, vermutlich aus Italien, datiert 7.4.1979.

In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet mit HR 579090, eingereiht als 1979-90.
Die Orstangabe Italien ist wahrscheinlich, da von Hans Reinhard für diesen Zeitraum Fotos (Dia) für Italien überliefert sind
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Das Politische bei Arendt
Creators: name: Solmaz, Kahraman
Publisher: name: HannahArendt.net
Year: 2016

description: In diesem Aufsatz, der Arendts Verständnis von Politik systematisch ordnen möchte, wird erstens dargelegt, dass wenn Arendt von Politik oder dem Politischen spricht, sie je nach Zusammenhang entweder einen bestimmten Typ von Angelegenheiten, von Ordnungen oder von Handlungen vor Augen hat. Zweitens wird demonstriert, dass Arendts Verständnis des Politischen eine unaufhebbare Dualität innewohnt, die sich darin äußert, dass Arendt das Politische nicht nur vom als nichtpolitisch eingestuften Präpolitischen absetzt, sondern innerhalb des Politischen zwischen einem vorpolitischen und einem politischen Bereich unterscheidet.
description: HannahArendt.net, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016): Recht und Gerechtigkeit - Law and Justice
Recent deformation in the frontal Jura fold-and-thrust belt from a deep-seated thrust fault: evidence from Late Quaternary fluvial terraces
Creators: name: Abila, Ana Lorena
name: Picotti, Vincenzo
name: Schmidt, Christoph
name: King, Georgina
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The Jura Mountains represent the outermost deformation of the ongoing Alpine orogen (Laubscher, 1972; Madritsch et al., 2010a). While previous studies have focused on nearby units (e.g. Upper Rhine Graben, Bresse Graben, Plateau Jura) to understand ongoing deformation, Late Quaternary to present deformation is still poorly constrained in the outermost edge of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt – the Besançon Zone – despite previously reported Quaternary uplifted fluvial terraces (Campy, 1984; Madritsch et al., 2010a-b) and recorded seismic activity, notably the 2004 Rigney ML 4.8 earthquake near the town of Besançon.

This study aims to understand the active tectonic deformation in the area through mapping of geologic units and uplifted terraces along the Doubs River (Eastern France), carving the Besançon Zone from the northeast (Clerval) to the southwest (Besançon), and supported by luminescence dates from fluvial deposits. Multiple, truncated ridges lie parallel to the river, composed of anticlines of Mesozoic units bounded by northeast-southwest trending thrust faults, the northernmost of which is the Avant-Monts Fault (Madritsch et al., 2008; 2010a-b). On the slopes of these ridges, a flight of three fluvial terraces was mapped throughout the area, the lower two of which show uniformly-uplifted straths (1 m and 5 m respectively) above the riverbed, suggesting regional, large-wavelength recent tectonic deformation. Topographic and regional geologic sections show a long-wavelength anticline centered in the Besançon Zone. These observables, together with earthquake records, point towards the Avant-Monts Fault as the responsible thrust fault, continuing with depth and possibly being rooted in the Alpine orogen (Madritsch et al., 2008). Luminescence dating of an exceptional outcrop of terrace fill yielded an age of ~35 ka, thus an average large-wavelength uplift of 0.14 mm/yr. With this information, interpolation between terraces suggests ages of 7 ka and 140 ka for the higher and lower terraces.

These results show that the frontal Jura fold-and-thrust belt has been dominated by regional uplift from a deep-seated, slow slip thrust fault since the late Quaternary, which is accommodating the present-day shortening in the Jura Mountains from the ongoing Alpine collision.
description: EGUsphere
title: Vertical profiles of sulphur dioxide in the Venusian lower atmosphere
Creators: name: Duricic, Alen
Year: 2012

description: Die folgende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem unteren Teil der Venus Atmosphäre, wobei der Hauptaugenmerk auf der Untersuchung des Schwefeldioxids liegt. Durch die vielen russischen und US Missionen ist es gelungen sich ein gutes Bild der Atmosphäre zu machen. Durch diese Daten war es möglich vertikale Profile für Schwefeldioxid zu erstellen. Es wurden lineare, exponentielle und kubische spline Funktionen zur Modellerstellung der Atmosphäre verwendet und verglichen. Weiters war es möglich die gesamte Masse des Schwefeldioxids in der Venus Atmosphäre durch numerische Rechnungen zu bestimmen und auf Ihre Zuverlässigkeit zu prüfen. Es wurden 2 Modelle, die sich durch die Häufigkeit von Schwefeldioxid auf der Oberfläche der Venus unterscheiden, erstellt. Die Werte liegen ungefähr bei 2.5 * 1016 kg und die Abweichungen der verschiedenen Modelle sind sehr gering. Nachdem die Gesamtmasse von Schwefeldioxid, in der Venus Atmosphäre, bekannt war lag es daran die Rate zu berechnen wie viel Schwefeldioxid zerstört wird um auf die Produktion und somit direkt auf den aktiven Vulkanismus schließen zu können. Es war sofort ersichtlich, dass die von Fegley et al. (Fegley et al. 1989) vorgerechnete Produktion von Calciumsulfit und somit die Zerstörung von Schwefeldioxid sehr stark ist und diese unmöglich im Rahmen einer geologisch längeren Zeitskala funktioniert, da sonst heute nicht so viel Schwefeldioxid beobachtbar wäre. Entweder wird durch immer mehr Calciumsulfat die Produktion von diesem verlangsamt oder das Schwefeldixoid, das heute noch in der Atmosphäre vorhanden ist, ist durch neueren starken Vulkanismus entstanden. Es gibt keinerlei Hinweise, dass die vulkanische Aktivität in den letzten wenigen Millionen Jahren zugenommen hat, deswegen muss die Zerstörung von Schwefeldioxid sehr stark verlangsamt worden sein.
Magnetized AdS/BCFT Correspondence in Horndeski Gravity
Creators: name: Santos, Fabiano F.
name: Bravo-Gaete, Moisés
name: Ferreira, Manoel M.
name: Casana, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work examines the thermodynamics and hydrodynamics behaviors of a five-dimensional black hole under the influence of an external magnetic field. The solution is the gravity dual to the Anti-de Sitter/Boundary Conformal Field Theory correspondence, enabling the study of properties within an anisotropic fluid framework. Utilizing holographic renormalization, we compute the free energy and the holographic stress tensor residing on the boundary denoted as $Q$. Within the fluid/gravity correspondence framework, we have a class of boundary extensions in $Q$, where the stress-energy tensor describes a magnetizing conformal fluid. We discuss the characteristics of this special solution as well as its thermodynamic properties, including the bulk and shear viscosity, the square of the speed of sound, as well as the anisotropic effects induced by the magnetic field in the magnetized conformal plasma.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2301.03121
Orchis spitzelii.
Blütenanalyse, montiert in einem Diarahmen, erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1972

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Logis du Pin, Frankreich, datiert 13.5.1972.
In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet mit HR 57268, eingereiht als 1972-68
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Arendts Plato – unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ih¬res Denktagebuches
Creators: name: Bluhm, Harald
Publisher: name: HannahArendt.net
Year: 2016

description: Während es viele Untersuchungen zum Verhältnis von Arendt und Aristoteles gibt, ist dies für ihre Plato-Rezeption viel weniger der Fall. Der Beitrag sucht dieses Desiderat zu beheben und rückt die umfangreiche Plato-Rezeption im Denktagebuch ins Zentrum. Dabei gewinnt Arendts philosophiegeschichtlicher Essay Tradition and the Modern Age (1954), der ihr Programm der Destruktion der abendländischen Tradition enthält, eine herausragende Bedeutung. Arendts Plato-Lesarten – so wird argumentiert – sind ebenso sehr von Heidegger beeinflusst wie sie Kritiken an ihm enthalten.
description: HannahArendt.net, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016): Recht und Gerechtigkeit - Law and Justice
Dactylorhiza traunsteineri.
Blütenanalyse, montiert auf Papier erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1972

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus der Schweiz ZH: Aeugst (9.6.1972, HR 17229); Aeugst (9.6.1972, HR 17230); Boppelsen (16.6.1972, HR 17231); Boppelsen (16.6.1972, HR 17232); Boppelsen (16.6.1972, HR 17233).
In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet und in HR 17229 - HR 17233 aufsteigend abgelegt, eingereiht unter Dactylorhiza traunsteineri
description: ETH-Bibliothek
A Phenomenological Approach to Analyzing User Queries in IT Systems Using Heidegger's Fundamental Ontology
Creators: name: Vishnevskiy, Maksim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a novel research analytical IT system grounded in Martin Heidegger's Fundamental Ontology, distinguishing between beings (das Seiende) and Being (das Sein). The system employs two modally distinct, descriptively complete languages: a categorical language of beings for processing user inputs and an existential language of Being for internal analysis. These languages are bridged via a phenomenological reduction module, enabling the system to analyze user queries (including questions, answers, and dialogues among IT specialists), identify recursive and self-referential structures, and provide actionable insights in categorical terms. Unlike contemporary systems limited to categorical analysis, this approach leverages Heidegger's phenomenological existential analysis to uncover deeper ontological patterns in query processing, aiding in resolving logical traps in complex interactions, such as metaphor usage in IT contexts. The path to full realization involves formalizing the language of Being by a research team based on Heidegger's Fundamental Ontology; given the existing completeness of the language of beings, this reduces the system's computability to completeness, paving the way for a universal query analysis tool. The paper presents the system's architecture, operational principles, technical implementation, use cases--including a case based on real IT specialist dialogues--comparative evaluation with existing tools, and its advantages and limitations.
description: 12 pages, no figures
Monitoring lake ice with seismic and acoustic sensors
Creators: name: Schmelzbach, Cédric
name: May, Daniel
name: Wetter, Christoph
name: Stähler, Simon Christian
name: Clinton, John Francis
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Seismic monitoring of the thickness and elastic parameters of floating ice on lakes and the sea is of interest in understanding the climate change impact on Alpine and Arctic environments, assessing ice safety for recreational and engineering purposes, studying ice shelves as well as exploring possibilities for the future exploration of the icy crusts of ocean worlds in our solar system. Seismic data can provide an alternative to remote-sensing and ground-based radar measurements for estimation of ice thickness in cases where radar techniques fail. Because of the difficult access to Alpine and Arctic environments as well as seismic sensor coupling issues in ice environments, it is of interest to optimize the use of seismic instruments in terms of sensor type, sensor numbers and layouts.

With the motivation to monitor over time the seismic activity of the lake ice and the ice properties, we conducted a series of seismic experiments on frozen lake St. Moritz in the Swiss Alps during two consecutive winters. Arrangements of sensors ranging in numbers from 96 geophones in mini-arrays to installations of 8, 2 and 1 conventional seismic sensors were used to measure the seismic wavefield generated by ice quakes (cryoseisms), artificial sources like hammer strokes, and ambient vibrations. These data provide an impressive and rich insights into the growth of the ice and variations of seismic activity with time. Even recordings with only a single station enable the determination of ice parameters and location of ice seismicity. Furthermore, we are exploring the value of recording air-coupled waves with microphones as alternative contact-free measurements related to seismic wave propagation in the ice, possibly even with sensors placed on the lake shore.
description: EGUsphere
Hannah Arendt on the "stateless"-condition
Creators: name: Mancheno, Tania
Publisher: name: HannahArendt.net
Year: 2016

description: In this paper, I intend to revisit Hannah Arendt’s analysis on statelessness in order to discuss the latest development of continental Europe’s political geography. The reconstruction of her approach to "statelessness" should guide a reflection on the contemporary relationship among national territory, rights and illegality. This analysis shall be based around two Arendtian terms: nomos and natality. I shall address the following questions: how does Arendt address statelessness? How is the relationship between human rights and the banishment of people outside the space of the nation-state being justified? Under which criteria is the territorial enclosure being legitimized? Could the Arendtian category of "stateless" be interpreted as a political, an apolitical, or rather a depoliticized human condition?
description: HannahArendt.net, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016): Recht und Gerechtigkeit - Law and Justice
Dactylorhiza cruenta.
Blütenanalyse, montiert auf Papier erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1980

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Italien: Bozen (Nähe Kirche Sexten Moos, 12.7.1980, HR 180131); Bozen (Nähe Kirche Sexten Moos, 13.7.1980, HR 180132).
In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet und als HR 180131 und HR 180132 abgelegt, eingereiht unter Dactylorhiza cruenta
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Direct numerical analysis of dynamic facilitation in glass-forming liquids
Creators: name: Herrero, Cecilia
name: Berthier, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a computational strategy to quantify the temperature evolution of the timescales and lengthscales over which dynamic facilitation affects the relaxation dynamics of glass-forming liquids at low temperatures, that requires no assumption about the nature of the dynamics. In two glass models, we find that dynamic facilitation depends strongly on temperature, leading to a subdiffusive spreading of relaxation events which we characterize using a temperature-dependent dynamic exponent. We also establish that this temperature evolution represents a major contribution to the increase of the structural relaxation time.
Prekäre Politik. Hannah Arendt zur Flüchtlingsfrage
Creators: name: Raimondi, Francesca
Publisher: name: HannahArendt.net
Year: 2016

description: Hannah Arendt hat sich wie kaum eine andere politische Theoretikerin mit der Situation von Flüchtlingen und Staatenlosen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts auseinandergesetzt. Ihre Hauptwerke lassen sich dabei als Reaktion auf diese Phänomene deuten: Ausgehend von einer Kritik des Souveränitätsparadigmas entwickeln sie ein Rechts- und Politikverständnis, das die Möglichkeit eines solchen radikalen Ausschlusses unterlaufen soll. Der Beitrag macht dabei vor allem zwei Linien in Arendts Werk aus, die im Kontext der Gegenwärtigen sog. „Flüchtlingskrise“ fruchtbar gemacht werden können: Ihre Kritik am souveränen Nationalstaat und der Entwurf eines alternativen Konstitutionalismus sowie die Grundzüge einer Politik von outcasts, die nicht mehr länger an institutionell abgesicherte Kontexte gebunden ist.
description: HannahArendt.net, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016): Recht und Gerechtigkeit - Law and Justice
Ophrys holoserica, beschriftet mit: O. fuciflora.

Blütenanalyse, montiert in einem Diarahmen, erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1976

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Monterotondo, Italien, datiert 6.6.1976.

In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet mit HR 57629, eingereiht als 1976-29
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Predicting spatial variability in sedimentary organic carbon content and composition on continental margins – the East Asian marginal seas as a case study
Creators: name: Paradis, Sarah
name: Nakajima, Kai
name: Haghipour, Negar
name: Eglinton, Tim
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Continental margins play a central role in the global carbon cycle, but the heterogenous OC origin, sediment transport processes, and depositional environments lead to complex patterns of distribution and accumulation of OC that render it challenging to quantitatively assess their role in global biogeochemical cycles. While previous studies have focused on predicting the distribution of sedimentary OC, comprehensive spatial constraints that link the provenance and composition of OC with the processes affecting its storage on continental margins are lacking. For example, radiocarbon is a powerful tool for understanding the origin and depositional fate of OC but it is not extensively used due to its cost and measurement accessibility, leading to sparse data coverage on continental margins.

The Modern Ocean Sediment Archive and Inventory of Carbon (MOSAIC) database (Van der Voort et al., 2021) was recently established to compile and curate data on the OC content and its composition in continental margin sediments worldwide together with relevant sedimentological and environmental variables. This database is continuously being revised and presently includes > 60 % more published and unpublished data, > 100 % more variables, and executes harmonization techniques designed to increase its richness and utility. Using this new database in combination with geostatistical and geospatial techniques, we aim to explore relationships between depositional settings and the content and composition of organic carbon, with the goal of ultimately predicting sedimentary organic carbon properties over a range of spatial scales.

Here, we use the East Asian marginal seas as a case study. This expansive marginal sea (~4 million km2) is characterized by highly heterogenous OC inputs, dynamic sediment transport processes, and diverse depositional environments, while presenting a wealth of sedimentological and geochemical data, which makes this area the perfect natural laboratory to assess the influence of these environmental factors on the spatial distribution of sedimentary OC content, composition, and age. A spatial model predictor was developed with over 2000 data points of organic carbon and its isotopic composition (δ13C, 14C) as well as sedimentological properties extracted from the updated version of MOSAIC, coupled with relevant spatial environmental explanatory variables. Results indicate that the distribution of sedimentary organic carbon throughout this margin is non-stationary due to the regional influences of different depositional environments. Observing this on a regional scale emphasizes the need to incorporate the local effect of depositional environments to accurately predict the fate of organic carbon in marine sediments worldwide.
description: EGUsphere
Ophrys fusca.

Blütenanalyse, montiert in einem Diarahmen, erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1980

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Illetas, Mallorca, Spanien, datiert 16.2.1980.

In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet mit HR 580002, eingereiht als 1980-02
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Epipactis veratrifolia.

Blütenanalyse, montiert auf Papier erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1984

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Zypern: Episkopi - Garnison (16.3.1984, HR 184041); Zypern (Nähe Episkopi, 13.3.1985, HR 185004); Zypern (Nähe Episkopi, 18.3.1985, HR 185005); aus Anatolien (Türkei): Adiyaman (14.5.1989, HR 189090).

In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet und abgelegt in der Reihenfolge HR 184041; HR 185004; HR 185005; HR 189090 (leg. R. Peter), eingereiht unter Epipactis
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Accurate Kappa Reconstruction Algorithm for masked shear catalog (AKRA)
Creators: name: Shi, Yuan
name: Zhang, Pengjie
name: Sun, Zeyang
name: Wang, Yihe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak gravitational lensing is an invaluable tool for understanding fundamental cosmological physics. An unresolved issue in weak lensing cosmology is to accurately reconstruct the lensing convergence $κ$ maps from discrete shear catalog with survey masks, which the seminal Kaiser-Squire (KS) method is not designed to address. We present the Accurate Kappa Reconstruction Algorithm for masked shear catalog (AKRA) to address the issue of mask. AKRA is built upon the prior-free maximum likelihood mapmaking method (or the unbiased minimum variance linear estimator). It is mathematically robust in dealing with mask, numerically stable to implement, and practically effective in improving the reconstruction accuracy. Using simulated maps with mask fractions ranging from 10\% to 50\% and various mask shapes, we demonstrate that AKRA outperforms KS at both the map level and summary statistics such as the auto power spectrum $C_κ$ of the reconstructed map, its cross-correlation coefficient $r_\ell$ with the true $κ$ map, the scatter plot and the localization measure. Unlike the Wiener filter method, it adopts no priors on the signal power spectrum, and therefore avoids the Wiener filter related biases at both the map level and cross-correlation statistics. If we only use the reconstructed map in the unmasked regions, the reconstructed $C_κ$ is accurate to $1\%$ or better and $1-r_\ell \lesssim 1\%$ (excluding $\ell$ at the smallest scales investigated), even for extreme cases of mask fraction and shape. As the first step, the current version of AKRA only addresses the mask issue and therefore ignores complexities such as curved sky and inhomogeneous shape measurement noise. AKRA is capable of dealing with these issues straightfowrardly, and will be addressed in the next version.
description: 17 pages; 21 figures; Published by Physical Review D. Comments are welcome!
Radiocarbon and stable C isotope variability of two Holocene stalagmites from the high-alpine Spannagel Cave
Creators: name: Welte, Caroline
name: Fohlmeister, Jens
name: Wertnik, Melina
name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
name: Spötl, Christoph
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Stable carbon (C) isotope records from stalagmites are readily available as they are often measured alongside stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O). Their interpretation, however, remains challenging due to several processes contributing to changes in the C-isotope ratio (e.g., fractionation, mixing). Spatially resolved radiocarbon (14C) data can help to interpret 13C signatures [1] but are rarely available due to expensive and time-consuming analysis. Rapid and continuous analysis of 14C concentration in carbonate samples at spatial resolution down to 100 μm has been recently made possible with the new LAAMS (laser ablation accelerator mass spectrometry) technique [2].

This novel technique has previously been applied to a Holocene stalagmite (SPA 127) from the high-alpine Spannagel Cave, Austria. Combined δ13C and 14C profiles (expressed as dead carbon fraction, dcf) allowed to hypothesize on the interplay of regional climate and contribution of an old organic C reservoir to stalagmite growth [3]. Here, we present LA-AMS results from a second Holocene stalagmite from Spannagel Cave (SPA 128). This stalagmite grew at a location close to that of SPA 127 with overlapping growth periods and consistent δ18O signals [4]. Both stalagmites show large and fast variations in the dcf and δ13C. SPA 128 has a generally higher dcf (with values above 60%) and a more negative δ13C signal that point towards contribution of an old organic C reservoir to the stalagmite C.
[1]D. Rudzka et al., (2011), GCA 75, 4321-4339.
[2] C. Welte, et al., (2016), Anal. Chem. 88, 8570– 8576.
[3] C. Welte et al., (2021), Clim. Past 17, 2165–2177.
[4] J. Fohlmeister et al., (2013), The Holocene 23, 749-754.
description: EGUsphere
Dactylorhiza maculata x Gymnadenia conopsea, beschriftet mit: x Dactylogymnadenia legrandiana.
Blütenanalyse, montiert in einem Diarahmen, erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1972

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Biberbrugg, Schweiz SZ, datiert 7.7.1972.

In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet mit HR 57211, eingereiht als 1972-11
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Imaging potential geothermal resources in the Hengill volcanic area (Iceland) with active-source seismics recorded by a dense nodal array 
Creators: name: Gyger, Lea
name: Sánchez Sánchez-Pastor, Maria Del Pilar
name: Maurer, Hansruedi
name: Obermann, Anne
name: Wiemer, Stefan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The Hengill area, located a few km west of Reykjavik, is situated on the triple junction of three large geological features: the onshore section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, called the Reykjanes Peninsula Oblique Rift, the Western Volcanic Zone and the South Iceland Seismic Zone. This area hosts two large-scale geothermal power plants, Nesjavellir and Hellisheiði. Both are producing electricity and hot water. Hengill is also one of the targets of the Iceland Deep Drilling Project that aims at finding and exploiting supercritical fluids.

In summer 2021, a nodal network of 500 5 Hz geophones was deployed in the area over a period of 2 months. It complemented seismic data from a network of broadband stations that were already deployed earlier. In July 2021, a vibroseis experiment was conducted in the area in form of two surveys performed by a fully electrical seismic vibrator truck.  The seismic waveforms were recorded by parts of the nodal network. In this study, we focus on the survey conducted along the road leading to the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant, in Mosfellsheiði. The aim of the survey in Mosfellsheiði is to obtain new insights on a low-velocity anomaly as well as on a yet poorly understood seismic cluster that has been detected in the area by previous studies.

To study the velocity and attenuation structure of the area, we computed a first arrival travel time tomography and an attenuation profile. Finally, we compared our results with an existing 3D seismic ambient noise tomography Vs model of the area as well as with known local subsurface properties, such as resistivity and mineralogy.

The final results of this vibroseis study could be useful for finding new geothermal resources in the Nesjavellir area.
description: EGUsphere
Towards structure-based joint geological-geophysical inversion for improved characterization of geothermal reservoirs
Creators: name: Balza Morales, Andrea
name: Maurer, Hansruedi
name: Wellmann, Florian
name: Wagner, Florian M.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Proper characterization of geologic structures that host geothermal systems is crucial for the efficiency and safety of their energy production. This includes estimating layer boundaries, complex geologic features, and lithology through means of inversion and its regularization. However, existing advanced regularization techniques (e.g., geostatistical regularization, minimum-gradient support, etc.) fail to capture the complexity of 3D geological models including fault networks, fault–surface interactions, unconformities, and dome structures. Förderer et al (2021) propose a solution by means of structure-based inversion, which implements implicit geological modeling and low-dimensional parametrization to produce sharp subsurface interfaces in 2D. This work aims to extend their approach to image realistic and complex geometries in 3D. We continue with the example of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and synthetic data; however, this approach is aimed towards independent and joint inversion of geophysical methods that are commonly used in geothermal exploration such as magnetotellurics, gravity, and seismic techniques.

The 3D geological model is created using GemPy, an open-source Python library, which constructs a structural geological model from interface points and orientations using an implicit approach based on co-kriging (de la Varga et al., 2019). Subsequently, the 3D model is discretized, and physical parameters are assigned using minimal pilot points that are then interpolated. We use pyGIMLi (Rücker et al., 2017), another open-source multi-method library for geophysical modelling and inversion, to perform a structure-based inversion, where we include the interface points in the primary model vector of the inversion to update these points iteratively to estimate a geological model in agreement with the geophysical observations.

In this work, special focus is placed on the sensitivity of each model parameter. To maintain low parametrization and account for the increase in computational power, the cumulative sensitivity is calculated and tested under criteria to optimize the model updates. This is relevant for geometries where the interface and pilot points are more influential in one dimension than others. The workflow has also been adapted to include more complex structures that can be defined in 3D, especially those that reflect geothermal systems. This work is part of the Innovative Training Network EASYGO (www.easygo-itn.eu), which aims to improve the efficiency and safety of geothermal operations but can be readily used in other applications.
description: EGUsphere
Between the City of Men and the City of God
Creators: name: Dal Bo, Federico
Publisher: name: HannahArendt.net
Year: 2016

description: In the present paper I will address Emmanuel Levinas‘long commentary on a relatively short Talmudic passage dedicated on the Biblical institution of the “cities of Refuge,”na­mely asylum cities erected for those who have been cleared by the court for committing murder but were found guilty of manslaughter. Levinas comments on this relatively mar­ginal Biblical institution that is treated at length both in the Palestinian and the Babyloni­an tractate Makkot—which mostly pertains to “lashes,” namely corporal punishment in­flicted by the whip and, by extension, any other corporal, penal, or monetary punishment in consequence of a specific transgression.
description: HannahArendt.net, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016): Recht und Gerechtigkeit - Law and Justice
Orchis anatolica.
Blütenanalyse, montiert in einem Diarahmen, erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1976

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Rhodos, Griechenland, datiert 23.4.1976.

In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet mit HR 57610, eingereiht als 1976-10
description: ETH-Bibliothek
A borehole trajectory inversion scheme to adjust the measurement geometry for 3D travel time tomography on glaciers
Creators: name: Hellmann, Sebastian
name: Grab, Melchior
name: Patzer, Cedric
name: Bauder, Andreas
name: Maurer, Hansruedi
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Cross-borehole seismic tomography is a powerful tool to investigate the subsurface with a very high spatial resolution. In a set of boreholes, comprehensive three-dimensional investigations at different depths can be obtained to analyse velocity anisotropy effects due to local changes within the medium. Especially in glaciological applications, the drilling of boreholes with hot water is cost-efficient and provides rapid access to the internal structure of the ice. In turn, movements of the subsurface such as the continuous flow of ice masses cause deformations of the boreholes and exacerbate a precise determination of the source and receiver positions along the borehole trajectories. Here, we present a three-dimensional inversion scheme that considers the deviations of the boreholes as additional model parameters next to the common velocity inversion parameters. Instead of introducing individual parameters for each source and receiver position, we describe the borehole trajectory with two orthogonal polynomials and only invert for the polynomial coefficients. This significantly reduces the number of additional model parameters and leads to much more stable inversion results. In addition, we also discuss whether the inversion of the borehole parameters can be separated from the velocity inversion, which would enhance the flexibility of our inversion scheme. In that case, updates of the borehole trajectories are only performed if this further reduces the overall error in the data sets. We apply this sequential inversion scheme on a synthetic data set and a field data set from a temperate Alpine glacier. With the sequential inversion, the number of artefacts in the velocity model decreases compared to a velocity inversion without borehole adjustments and heterogeneities in the velocity model can be imaged similar to an inversion with correct borehole coordinates. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of our approach in the context of an inherent seismic anisotropy of the medium and extend our algorithm to consider an elliptic velocity anisotropy. With this extended version of the algorithm, we analyse the interference between a seismic anisotropy in the medium and the borehole coordinate adjustment. Our analysis indicates that the borehole inversion interferes with seismic velocity anisotropy. The inversion can compensate such a velocity anisotropy. Therefore, for such a borehole trajectory inversion, polynomials of degree three are a good compromise between a good representation of the true borehole trajectories and avoiding compensation for velocity anisotropy.
description: EGUsphere
Human Rights Challenges in the Contemporary World. Reflections on a Personal Journey of Thought and Action
Creators: name: Lafer, Celso
Publisher: name: HannahArendt.net
Year: 2016

description: Following the steps indicated by Hannah Arendt regarding the epistemological role of experience, Celso Lafer, discusses how his experiences as professor, as a Human Rights lawyer and as Brazilian Public Official shaped his views regarding Human Rights. He examines the challenges in the contemporary world that the Human Rights agenda faces in the national and international sphere. His organizing perspective is a broad and heuristic use of Hannah Arendt’s “The Right to have Rights”. He stresses and exemplifies that the proper access of individuals and groups to an effective legal order is a key variable to enable the containment of the nullification and impairment of Human Rights.
description: HannahArendt.net, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016): Recht und Gerechtigkeit - Law and Justice
Dactylorhiza majalis.

Blütenanalyse, montiert in einem Diarahmen, erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1972

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Ibergeregg, Schweiz SZ, datiert 31.7.1972.

In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet mit HR 57215, eingereiht als 1972-15
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Die vieldeutige Antwort des Rechts in Zeiten der Gewalt
Creators: name: Hankel, Gerd
Publisher: name: HannahArendt.net
Year: 2016

description: Recht und Moral sind zwei getrennte Bereiche. Das schließt nicht aus, dass sich rechtliche Regeln auf moralische Überzeugungen stützen, nicht zuletzt auch, um auf diese Weise ein erfolgreiches Lernen aus den dunkelsten Zeiten der Geschichte zu dokumentieren. Allerdings ist auch diese Einheit von Recht und Moral fragil, wie Beispiele aus der Anwendungspraxis des Völkerstrafrechts und des humanitären Völkerrechts zeigen. Geheilt wird diese Fragilität wiederum durch das Recht, das so entgegen der ursprünglichen Rechtsanwendung erneut in ein Spannungsverhältnis zur Moral gerät. Übertragen auf den Regelungsbereich von Völkerstrafrecht und humanitärem Völkerrecht bedeutet das, dass Versuche der rechtlichen Eindämmung systematischer, massiver Gewalt mit Überlegungen politischer Opportunität kollidieren und letztlich für mindergewichtig angesehen werden.
description: HannahArendt.net, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016): Recht und Gerechtigkeit - Law and Justice
Dactylorhiza sambucina, beschriftet mit: D. latifolia.

Blütenanalyse, montiert in einem Diarahmen, erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1970

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Lenzerheide, Schweiz GR, datiert 23.7.1970.
In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet mit HR 57021, eingereiht als 1970-21
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Anacamptis pyramidalis x Orchis morio, beschriftet mit: x Anacamptorchis laniccae.

Blütenanalyse, montiert in einem Diarahmen, erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1970

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Branson, Schweiz VS, datiert 6.6.1970.

In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet mit HR 57002, eingereiht als 1970-02
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Antecedence versus Stream Piracy: A Case Study of the Olt River in the Southern Carpathian Mountains
Creators: name: Born, Till
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Bedrock rivers are prominent recorders of tectonic and erosion history, where information is typically preserved in the geometry of river networks, their longitudinal profiles, and their χ profiles. Understanding the dynamics of bedrock rivers provides key insights into processes that shape our landscapes. The Carpathian Mountains (Romania) and its surrounding sedimentary basins are prime examples of a complex interplay between uplift, subsidence, and varying lithologies that shape the landscape and the behavior of rivers. The Olt River provides a unique case study of a river defying the natural tendency of river flows. The Olt River is the only river, besides the Danube, that cuts through the mountain range in a deep valley. The formation of these valleys is thought to have occurred through either antecedence or stream piracy. In this Thesis, the formation of the unique path of the Olt River as it cuts transversely through the Southern Carpathian Mountains in a deep Valley is investigated. This Thesis uses a 30 m digital elevation model to conduct topographic and geomorphic observations, analyze river longitudinal profiles, river χ profiles, as well as χ maps. Results highlight the complicated interplay between tectonic activity, lithology, and rivers that have shaped the Southern Carpathians. The findings indicate notable differences in morphological features on either side of the Olt Valley, which may be attributed to a fault zone that possibly facilitated the formation of the valley. The Romanian Carpathians’ main Drainage Divide has been found to be stable, but there are indications of possible future movement. On the other hand, the divide between the Olt and Mures catchments is highly stable. The absence of clear knickpoints and knickzones in river profiles supports the hypothesis that the Olt Valley was formed through antecedence rather than stream piracy.