cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Approaches to Determine the Nominal PV Module Operating Temperature (NMOT)
Creators: name: Herrmann, W.
name: Monokroussos, C.
name: Lee, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 550-555
description: The aim of this work was to re-evaluate the Climate Specific Energy Rating (CSER) methodology with regard to modelling the temperature of PV modules as defined in the IEC 61853 series of standards "Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating". The temperature behaviour of PV modules is described by a simple model in which the effects of light absorption and wind are considered by two modelling parameters u0 and u1. These are derived from a series of measurements under natural sunlight, from which only data points that meet certain stability criteria for solar irradiance and wind speed are used for linear regression (Method A). Our work addresses the shortcomings of the IEC data filter reported by test laboratories in the past: a) small number of filtered data points, b) filtered data points are not well distributed in the wind speed range. Both can lead to considerable uncertainty in the modelling parameters. We investigated an alternative data filter that provides a higher number of usable data points and improves the robustness of the regression by wind speed binning (Method 2). Furthermore, we introduce two indicators for the quality of the regression: a) the mean bias error with respect to the differences between measured and modelled temperatures and b) the irradiance-weighted module temperatures. Based on these indicators, a third method for determining u0 and u1 was investigated that does not require data filtering (Method 3) and focuses only on the best fit of modelled and measured module temperatures. For a measurement series from New Mexico with mostly clear skies, the application of the three methods resulted in a large scatter of the u0 and u1 parameters, but comparable NMOT values. Furthermore, the evaluation of a measurement series from Germany showed a scattering of the modelling parameters due to the measurement season mainly for Methods A and B. Our results confirm clear advantages for Method C. It is easy to apply, the data collection period can be kept short and the parameters u0 and u1 are less sensitive to seasonal variations.
title: Nichts Neues an der Spitze der Großunternehmen!? Die deutsche Wirtschaftselite zwischen 1970 und 2020
Creators: name: Hartmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Springer VS
Year: 2024

description: Um die Jahrtausendwende wurde vielfach das Ende des spezifisch deutschen Modells der Managerrekrutierung und eine Angleichung an die angelsächsischen Verhältnisse verkündet. Der vorliegende Aufsatz überprüft diese These für die Vorstandsvorsitzenden der 100 größten deutschen Unternehmen anhand der zentralen Merkmale Ausbildung, Karrieretypus, Internationalität und soziale Herkunft zu fünf Zeitpunkten: 1970, 1995, 2005, 2015 und 2020. Es zeigt sich, dass die Rekrutierungskriterien und -mechanismen weit stabiler sind als seinerzeit angenommen. Es dominiert nach wie vor die Hauskarriere, und die Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler haben ihre Position sogar ausbauen können. Auch bei der sozialen Herkunft sind keine wesentlichen Veränderungen zu verzeichnen. Das gilt ebenfalls für die Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden: Bei ihnen wie bei den Vorstandschefs stammen den gesamten Zeitraum hindurch über vier Fünftel aus bürgerlichen oder großbürgerlichen Familien. Die einzige gravierende Veränderung liegt im völligen Bedeutungsverlust der Juristen unter den Vorstandsvorsitzenden. Der Anteil der Ausländer unter ihnen wiederum ist zwar bis 2015 deutlich auf knapp 15 % angestiegen, in den letzten fünf Jahren aber wieder auf das Niveau von 2005 mit knapp 10 % zurückgefallen.
Energy Contribution of Rear-Side Irradiance for Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Martins, G.L.
name: Dittmann, S.
name: Rodríguez-Gallegos, C.D.
name: Park, H.
name: Oh, S.-Y.
name: Kim, W.K.
name: Burnham, L.
name: Figgis, B.W.
name: Rüther, R.
name: Gottschalg, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 556-559
description: Bifacial Photovoltaic (PV) modules are up taking an important market share of PV industry in the next few years. Rear surface irradiance modeling imposes significant challenges, as it lacks in reliable and standardized datasets. Besides, irradiance contribution and distribution depend highly on location and mounting conditions. A standardized methodology was developed and applied to characterize rear irradiance behavior using on-site measured data. Data from seven test sites within the PV CAMPER collaborative were evaluated including different albedo scenarios. It was found that surplus energy can vary between 6% - 60%, depending on the ground substrate and site location. As expected, latitude has great influence on horizontal overall (front + rear) irradiance distribution, while rear-side Plane-of-Array (POA) tends to concentrate energy contribution in the higher front-side irradiance ranges. In addition, it was observed that idiosyncratic climate conditions, such as desert environment and snow season, have a strong effect in rear irradiance distribution, thus a very relevant aspect of Bifacial PV prospections.
Density and structural anomalies in soft-repulsive dimeric fluids
Creators: name: Munaò, Gianmarco
name: Saija, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report Monte Carlo results for the fluid structure of a system of dimeric particles interacting via a core-softened potential. More specifically, dimers interact through a repulsive pair potential of inverse-power form, modified in such a way that the repulsion strength is softened in a given range of distances. The aim of such a study is to investigate how both the elongation of the dimers and the softness of the potential affect some features of the model. Our results show that the dimeric fluid exhibits both density and structural anomalies even if the interaction is not characterized by two length scales. Upon increasing the aspect ratio of the dimers, such anomalies are progressively hindered, with the structural anomaly surviving even after the disappearance of the density anomaly. These results shed light on the peculiar behaviour of molecular systems of non-spherical shape, showing how geometrical and interaction parameters play a fundamental role for the presence of anomalies.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
《Unravelling novel and pleiotropic genes for cannon bone circumference and bone mineral density in Yorkshire pigs》SNP-chip data
Creators: name: Qiu, Zijian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300305
subject: Animal reproduction and breeding

description: Leg weakness is highly prevalent in pig breeding farms, significantly impacting the lifespan of breeding pigs. Cannon bone circumference (CBC) and bone mineral density (BMD) serve as objective measures of limb strength in pigs, and enhancing CBC and BMD can effectively alleviate leg weakness. To identify candidate genes influencing CBC and BMD in pigs, this study conducted single-trait genome-wide associate analysis (GWAS) and multi-trait meta-analysis on all individuals with phenotype data. Additionally, the confidence intervals of quantitative trait locus (QTL) were determined using Bayesian methods. Four QTLs associated with CBC and one with BMD were identified, along with one potential pleiotropic QTL for both CBC and rear limb metatarsal area BMD (raBMD). DDX42, MYSM1, FTSJ3, and MECOM were identified as candidate genes for fore limb CBC, while SMURF2 and STC1 were associated with rear limb CBC, and RGMA with raBMD. Furthermore, RAMP1 was identified as a potential pleiotropic gene for both CBC and raBMD. This finding provides valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying limb growth and the accumulation of bone mineral content.
Highly accurate fiber transfer delay measurement with large dynamic range
Creators: name: Dong, J. W.
name: Wang, B.
name: Gao, C.
name: Guo, Y. C.
name: Wang, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel and efficient method for fiber transfer delay measurement is demonstrated. Fiber transfer delay measurement in time domain is converted into the frequency measurement of the modulation signal in frequency domain, accompany with a coarse and easy ambiguity resolving process. This method achieves a sub-picosecond resolution, with an accuracy of 1 picosecond, and a large dynamic range up to 50 km as well as no measurement dead zone.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Shading Resilience of PV Modules
Creators: name: Klasen, N.
name: Lux, F.
name: Weber, J.
name: Weißer, D.
name: Roessler, T.
name: Kraft, A.
name: Neuhaus, D.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 560-567
description: We present simulation results on the partial shading behavior of four PV module layout containing three different solar cell sizes. Two types of shingle interconnection are compared to the widely used “butterfly” layout for half-cut solar cells and the conventional solar cell interconnection of 60 full size solar cells. For the LT spice simulations, we measured the I-V characteristic of PERC shingle solar cells and included the reverse breakdown region into an extended two-diode model. Two basic shading cases, rectangular and random shading, are investigated. Therefore, we created sets of > 1000 scenarios per case by Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). The scenarios are transferable for all solar cell sizes and the number of full solar cell equivalents identical in all topologies. We apply a new criterion [1] for evaluation of the shading resilience from 0 to 1 to compare and rank the different cell topologies regarding their performance under partial shading. The shading resilience for rectangular shadings of the shingle matrix layout ( = 0.692) excels the one of the shingle string layout ( = 0.602, 87 % of the matrix layout), the butterfly layout ( = 0.461, 67 %) and the conventional full cell interconnection ( = 0.213, 31 %) scheme. We find minor differences in the absolute values for random shading. However, the ranking of the solar modules stays identical. Finally, we conclude that besides higher power densities and a valuable aesthetical appearance, shingle solar modules feature an additional very important but so far little noticed and discussed property: Overall higher power outputs under partial shading. This makes them especially suited for vehicle and building integrated applications.
Postcard from Barbara Hepworth to Herbert Read, [1965-1968?]
Creators: name: Hepworth, Barbara, 1903-1975
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688
subject: Women artists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1177159
subject: Art historians
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815554
subject: Poets, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067870
subject: Read, Herbert, 1893-1968
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1754386
subject: Art movements
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815613
subject: Poets
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067778
subject: Authors, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821945
subject: Authors, English--Correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821953
subject: Artists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/817559
subject: Hepworth, Barbara, 1903-1975
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1898202
subject: Artists--Correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/817571

description: Part of a collection of letters to Sir Herbert Read from Dame Barbara Hepworth (English artist and sculptor) held in the Herbert Read archive at the University of Leeds, UK. The letters span the time period of 1965 to 1968, and discuss art, the art world and their personal lives. Hepworth hopes to meet Read for dinner. She discusses plans to meet Candy [?].
Holistic Design Optimization of the PV Module Frame: CTM, FEM, COO and LCA Analysis
Creators: name: Tummalieh, A.
name: Beinert, A.J.
name: Reichel, C.
name: Mittag, M.
name: Neuhaus, D.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 540-546
description: We present a holistic approach for the photovoltaic (PV) module frame optimization that considers technical as well as economic and ecological aspects for different frame designs. This provides insights into a method to reduce frame costs and carbon footprint without compromising mechanical stability as well as module power. Finite element method (FEM) simulations of module and frame are used to assess mechanical stability, cell-to-module (CTM) analysis is used to evaluate power losses affected by frame overlap, a bottom-up cost model is used for the economic analysis of material and process cost shares of frame manufacturing, and a life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis is applied to evaluate the ecological footprint (CO2-eq/kWP). Compared to a reference frame, the exemplary optimized frame design shows 2.6% less deflection, which corresponds to around 0.7 mm. CTM results show that a bigger frame width lightly decreases the cover coupling power gain. By increasing the front frame width from 16 mm to 20 mm the module power is reduced by 0.12 WP. Cost analysis suggests that the optimized frame can save around 30 g aluminum which reduces the module cost by 0.1%. LCA results are directly correlated to the material mass of the corresponding design. Results show that using the optimized frame can save 0.8 kg CO2-eq/kWP due to the saving in aluminum compared to the reference frame.
FoilMet®-Interconnect Shingling (FIS): Aluminum Foil Based Interconnection for Modules with Shingled Solar Cells
Creators: name: Paschen, J.
name: John, O.
name: Roessler, T.
name: Baliozian, P.
name: Nekarda, J.-F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 547-549
description: The investigation of novel cell-to-cell interconnection methods has gained importance with the increase of wafer sizes. Shingling (i.e. overlapping) of solar cells is not only a solution for the interconnection of smaller solar cells but also a chance to increase the output power density by (i) increasing the active cell area within the module, (ii) decreasing shading losses, and (iii) reducing electrical interconnection losses. Replacing the commonly used expensive materials such as the silver in the cell’s electrodes and the electrically conductive adhesive increases the attractiveness of a shingled interconnection. This article introduces the FoilMet®-Interconnect, an approach using laser-welded aluminum foil, for shingling. With the production of aluminum foil-based shingle strings and modules, saving 36.7% of silver, a proof of concept was successful. In subsequent measurements an efficiency of FoilMet = (21.0± 0.2)% was achieved with foil-based strings of three shingled cell.
Overview of the Latest Results Achieved in the H2020 Funded Project HighLite - Aiming for High-Performance, Low-Cost and Sustainable c-Si PV Modules Tailored for Different Applications
Creators: name: Tous, L.
name: Govaerts, J.
name: Harrison, S.
name: Carrière, C.
name: Buchholz, F.
name: Halm, A.
name: Faes, A.
name: Nogay, G.
name: Ingenito, A.
name: Haug, F.-J.
name: Feldmann, F.
name: Raine, D.
name: Fellmeth, T.
name: Heinrich, M.
name: Mittag, M.
name: Reinwand, D.
name: Haase, F.
name: Morlier, A.
name: Bokaličc, M.
name: Brecl, K.
name: Topic, M.
name: Kester, J.C.P.
name: Wendlandt, S.
name: Galiazzo, M.
name: Voltan, A.
name: Galbiati, G.
name: Theunissen, L.
name: Torregrosa, F.
name: Grimm, M.
name: Denafas, J.
name: Radavicčius, T.
name: Lukinskas, P.
name: Kaakkunen, J.
name: Savisalo, T.
name: Regrettier, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 533-537
description: The EU crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV manufacturing industry has faced strong foreign competition in the last decade. To strive in this competitive environment, the EU c-Si PV manufacturing industry needs to focus on highly performing c-Si PV technologies and on reducing environmental impact (lower CO2 footprint, improved sustainability, recyclability, etc.). In this work, we give an overview of the latest results achieved within the H2020 funded project called HighLite which addresses the work programme LC-SC3-RES-15-2019: Increase the competitiveness of the EU PV manufacturing industry. We report the progress made when implementing novel layers and processes in existing pilot-lines producing high-efficiency n-type silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells with a shingle layout and interdigitated back-contact (IBC) cells with passivated contacts. In particular, we present the work done together with several industrial partners towards innovative production equipment for assembly of cut-cells into PV modules. Finally, we explain key learnings made so far when tailoring c-Si PV modules for various applications including building-applied PV (BAPV), building-integrated PV (BIPV) and vehicle-integrated PV (VIPV).
The Effect of working environment on employee performance: in the case of Bole Lemi Industrial Park
Creators: name: Awoke, Tesfu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of working environment on employee performance in Bole lemi Industrial Park found around Addis Ababa. Quantitative research approach with explanatory research design was adopted in carrying out this research. Cross sectional data was collected to address research objectives of the study using self-administered questionnaire from 315 employees using random probability sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis through statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25. The study used seven major working environment factors including: physical environment, reward, democratic leadership style, work life balance, training, workload and discrimination as predictor variables and employee performance as dependent variable. The finding of the research highlights that physical work environment, reward and training have positive and statistically significant impact on employee performance while, workload and discrimination have negative and statistically significant impact on employee performance. On the other hand, democratic leadership style and work life balance have showed statistically insignificant impact on employee performance. Based on the findings of study, recommendations made for management of the industrial park are: physical work environment in terms of lighting, noise level, temperature and ventilation should be made sure that they stay at an acceptable level, discrimination has to be minimized at work place by encouraging employee irrespective of gender, age, ethnic group or religious belief to participate in decision making as this will help to reduce discrimination in the workplace.
Research Project: Text Engineering Tool for Ontological Scientometry
Creators: name: Tagiew, Rustam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The number of scientific papers grows exponentially in many disciplines. The share of online available papers grows as well. At the same time, the period of time for a paper to loose at chance to be cited anymore shortens. The decay of the citing rate shows similarity to ultradiffusional processes as for other online contents in social networks. The distribution of papers per author shows similarity to the distribution of posts per user in social networks. The rate of uncited papers for online available papers grows while some papers 'go viral' in terms of being cited. Summarized, the practice of scientific publishing moves towards the domain of social networks. The goal of this project is to create a text engineering tool, which can semi-automatically categorize a paper according to its type of contribution and extract relationships between them into an ontological database. Semi-automatic categorization means that the mistakes made by automatic pre-categorization and relationship-extraction will be corrected through a wikipedia-like front-end by volunteers from general public. This tool should not only help researchers and the general public to find relevant supplementary material and peers faster, but also provide more information for research funding agencies.
description: 5 pages, 2 figure
Needs, Challenges and Approaches for New Service Life Estimation Models for PV Modules – Results from IEA-PVPS-Task 13 Subtask 1.4
Creators: name: Weiß, K.-A.
name: Kaaya, I.
name: Oreski, G.
name: Bruckman, L.S.
name: French, R.H.
name: Tanahashi, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 538-539
description: The economic success of photovoltaic (PV) power plants depends crucially on the lifetime energy yield. The degradation effect and the total lifetime directly influence the produced electricity and therefore the cash flow. In most cases, lifetimes and degradation rates, which are used for the estimation of plant behaviour, are nowadays still not system specific, but based instead on average values of evaluations of older systems or data sheets. So, these values unfortunately have no direct correlation with the specific components of the respective PV system. Also, the mathematical models used for calculated power output typically expect linear degradation rates which are not found in real degradation processes found in the field. Activity 1.4 of the IEA PVPS Task 13 developed an overview on service life prediction and degradation modelling of PV modules since they are the major component of PV systems causing degradation effects and for other components no comparable scientific data is available.
Invariant subspaces for $H^2$ spaces of $σ$-finite algebras
Creators: name: Labuschagne, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L51, 46L52, 47A15 (primary), 46J15, 46K50 (secondary)

description: We show that a Beurling type theory of invariant subspaces of noncommutative $H^2$ spaces holds true in the setting of subdiagonal subalgebras of $σ$-finite von Neumann algebras. This extends earlier work of Blecher and Labuschagne for finite algebras, and complements more recent contributions in this regard by Bekjan, and Chen, Hadwin and Shen in the finite setting, and Sager in the semifinite setting. We then also introduce the notion of an analytically conditioned algebra, and go on to show that in the class of analytically conditioned algebras this Beurling type theory is part of a list of properties which all turn out to be equivalent to the maximal subdiagonality of the given algebra.
description: 13 pages
Dual Quantum Tunneling in a Monolithic n-i-p Perovskite/c-Si Tandem Device: Bottom Cell with Modified SQIS Structure
Creators: name: Ma, Z.Q.
name: Wu, K.J.
name: Lan, Z.X.
name: Wang, Y.L.
name: Xu, F.
name: Zhao, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 525-528
description: An efficient photovoltaic framework has been constructed with metal organic-inorganic halide perovskite upper cell and asymmetric heterojunction silicon-based dual carrier’s tunneling as bottom cell, in which a natural recombination layer of about 80 nm ITO film is deposited by r.f magnetron sputtering of hole selected ultra-thin passivating contact a-SiOx(In) layer (1.3 – 1.8 nm) on silicon substrate coupled with ITO capping layer. At rear side of the Si wafer a wet chemical oxidized SiOx (<1.6 nm) and subsequently d.c magnetron sputtered TiNx coupling layer of SiOx/TiNx acts as electron selective contact. Thus, the quantum tunneling from both hole and electron in the front or back of silicon wafer has been figured out on both sides, respectively. Besides the quantum tunneling and the pinholes within the silicon oxides playing a crucial role, the delocalized states and negative charged indium (In) are localized between ITO film and Si substrate are significant for hole diffusion and field passivation effects in the device. Finally, the Si-based bottom cell is covered by a structure of merit n-i-p perovskite cell as a monolithic tandem PV system. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem device has been numerically evaluated to be more than 30 %.
A Review of Higgs Mass Calculations in Supersymmetric Models
Creators: name: Draper, Patrick
name: Rzehak, Heidi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the Higgs boson is both a milestone achievement for the Standard Model and an exciting probe of new physics beyond the SM. One of the most important properties of the Higgs is its mass, a number that has proven to be highly constraining for models of new physics, particularly those related to the electroweak hierarchy problem. Perhaps the most extensively studied examples are supersymmetric models, which, while capable of producing a 125 GeV Higgs boson with SM-like properties, do so in non-generic parts of their parameter spaces. We review the computation of the Higgs mass in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, in particular the large radiative corrections required to lift $m_h$ to 125 GeV and their calculation via Feynman-diagrammatic and effective field theory techniques. This review is intended as an entry point for readers new to the field, and as a summary of the current status, including the existing analytic calculations and publicly-available computer codes.
description: Invited review, version to be published in Physics Reports, CP3-Origins-2016-001
Assessment of Credit Risk Management in Banking Business: The case of Bank of Abyssinia S.Co.
Creators: name: Hirut, Kassa
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: Credit risk is an essential factor that needs to be managed. Credit risk is the possibility that a borrower or counter party will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. Credit risk is one of the most vital risks for any commercial bank. Credit risk arises from non- performance by a borrower. Among the risks that face bank's credit risk is one of great concerns to most bank authorities and banking regulators. This is because credit risk is that can easily and most likely prompts bank failure. Managing credit risk is not a simple task comprehensive consideration and practices are needed for identifying, measuring, controlling and minimizing credit risk.The focus of this research is to assess the credit risk management of Abyssinia Bank S.Co. In this study, the researcher utilized purposive sampling technique in order to select participants of the study. For the purpose of this study, both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents that involve professionals working in the banks such as Department Managers and Senior Officers working on loan processing. Descriptive statistics such as average, percentages, frequencies and tables were used to analyze and present the data. The study found that factors such as information asymmetry on credit policy, weak credit analysis and poor credit monitoring areinfluence towards the attainment of successful credit risk management in BOA. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that the bank's credit policies should be designed and implemented with consideration for internal and external factors that enable the bank to maintain sound credit granting standards; monitor and control credit risk; to properly evaluate new business opportunities; and identify and administer problems of credits.
A Framework for Implementing Requirements on the Carbon Footprint of Photovoltaic Modules under the Ecodesign Policy
Creators: name: Polverini, D.
name: Espinosa, N.
name: Klos, C.
name: Arcipowska, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Sustainability and Recycling

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 529-532
description: In December 2020, the European Council [1] endorsed a new binding European Union (EU) target for a net domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of at least 55% by 2030, compared to the 1990 level. Renewable energies will certainly play an important role in policies in the short and medium term; to date, the 2018 Renewable Energy Directive [2] establishes a binding renewable energy target for the EU for 2030 of at least 32%. Within this framework, photovoltaics (PV) is expected to be a major contributor, therefore it is crucial to ensure that newly installed PV products in the EU are environmentally-friendly and do not create new future burdens on the environment. The aim of the paper is to assess the feasibility of requirements on the carbon footprint of PV modules under the already existing legal framework of the Ecodesign Directive.
On the relevance of logic for AI and the promise of neuro-symbolic learning - keynote talk
Creators: name: Vaishak Belle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely acknowledged as a new kind of science that will bring about (and is already enabling) the next technological revolution. Virtually every week, exciting reports come our way about the use of AI for drug discovery, game playing, stock trading and law enforcement. And virtually all of these are mostly concerned with a very narrow technological capability, that of predicting future instances based on past instances. Although it is now recognized that this type of statistical associations is limited in its ability to understand the world and model its knowledge, there is still a lot of criticism and hesitancy about the use of symbolic logic to accomplish or assist in a broader vision for AI. In this talk, we will discuss some of the promising avenues in which logic has contributed, including the upcoming field of neurosymbolic AI. Finally, we will take a formal perspective on explanations and fairness, considering an epistemic viewpoint. The idea is to formulate these notions by establishing a distinct representation for the user and the automated agent. This is a keynote talk delivered at First Workshop on ML, Law and Society at ECML 2023: https://sites.google.com/view/ws-ethics-ecml23/organization
Zero-energy modes and valley asymmetry in the Hofstadter spectrum of bilayer graphene van der Waals heterostructures with hBN
Creators: name: Chen, Xi
name: Wallbank, J. R.
name: Mucha-Kruczynski, M.
name: McCann, E.
name: Fal'ko, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the magnetic minibands of a heterostructure consisting of bilayer graphene (BLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) by numerically diagonalizing a two-band Hamiltonian that describes electrons in BLG in the presence of a moire potential. Due to inversion-symmetry breaking characteristic for the moire potential, the valley symmetry of the spectrum is broken, but despite this, the zero-energy Landau level in BLG survives, albeit with reduced degeneracy. In addition, we derive effective models for the low-energy features in the magnetic minibands and demonstrate the appearance of secondary Dirac points in the valence band, which we confirm by numerical simulations. Then, we analyze how single-particle gaps in the fractal energy spectrum produce a sequence of incompressible states observable under a variation of carrier density and magnetic field.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Report for Kissimmee-Everglades Area, Florida
Creators: name: Soil Conservation Service
name: Economic Research Service
name: Service, Forest
name: Soil Conservation Service
name: Economic Research Service
name: Service, Forest
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy
Labor and Human Capital
Land Economics/Use
Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts from the report: The Kissimmee-Everglades Area consists of the southern part of the peninsula of Florida including the Florida Keys. The northern boundary is formed by the divide between the Kissimmee River Basin and the St. Johns River Basin on the northeast and the Peace River Basin on the northwest. The Kissimmee River originates near Orlando and flows almost due south into Lake Okeechobee. The area is made up of 15,702 square miles of land and 1,962 square miles of water. The water area consists of 1,076 square miles of fresh water lakes and streams, and 886 square miles of salt or brackish estuaries and rivers. All or parts of seventeen counties are within the boundaries of the Basin. For watershed planning purposes, the area was divided into 126 planning units ranging in size from 13 to 1,769 square miles. The primary objective of the U.S.D.A. in participating in this study is to facilitate the coordinated and orderly conservation, development, utilization and management of the water and related land resources of the Basin. In carrying out this objective, due consideration is given to the projected land and water resource needs of an expanding population, and the physical and economic aspects of flood prevention and control; watershed protection, drainage and irrigation, surface and subsurface water supply, water quality control; fish and wildlife resources; environmental protection and enhancement; and other related matters.
description: The Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Interior Resources, Bureau of Water Resources, is making an inventory of the State's land and water resource by river basins. The U. S. Department of Agriculture is authorized to cooperate with the State under Section VI of Public Law 566 (River Basin Planning Section of the Small Watershed Act). The U.S.D.A. activities in the study are under the leadership of the U. S. Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with the Economic Research Service and the U. S. Forest Service.
Energy Yield and Performance Ratio of III-V on Silicon Dual Junction Solar Cells in Different Climate Zones
Creators: name: Höhn, O.
name: Hanser, M.
name: Steiner, M.
name: Lorenz, E.
name: Bläsi, B.
name: Glunz, S.W.
name: Dimroth, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 515-520
description: The importance of predicting outdoor performance of tandem solar devices is growing, as silicon-based tandem solar cells approach industrialization. A 2-terminal configuration has the advantage of lower parasitic absorption and less electrical wiring at module level as compared to a 4-terminal device. However, a 2-terminal tandem device is sensitive to current-mismatch losses. As a result, there is a strong interest to determine the outdoor energy yield in addition to the STC efficiency in order to evaluate the real impact of current-mismatch losses on the energy yield. We compare the energy yield, harvesting efficiency and performance ratio of a silicon-based dual junction solar cell in 2- and 4-terminal configuration to a silicon single junction device for different locations in the world. We find that changes due to current mismatch do not lead to a relevant decrease in harvesting efficiency in 2-terminal tandem solar cells and thus are no reason to principally prefer 4-terminal tandem solar cells. The assumption that current mismatch might be a severe issue in 2-terminal tandems does not hold – they show similar performance as silicon single-junction devices. Note that the performance ratio of 4-terminal tandems shows a lower dependence on location than 2-terminal tandems as well as single junction solar cells, and thus for certain locations show an exceptionally high performance ratio.
Non-Markovian correlation functions for open quantum systems
Creators: name: Jin, Jinshuang
name: Karlewski, Christian
name: Marthaler, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beyond the conventional quantum regression theorem, a general formula for non-Markovian correlation functions of arbitrary system operators both in the time- and frequency-domain is given. We approach the problem by transforming the conventional time-nonlocal master equation into dispersed time-local equations-of-motion. The validity of our approximations is discussed and we find that the non-Markovian terms have to be included for short times. While calculations of the density matrix at short times suffer from the initial value problem, a correlation function has a well defined initial state. The resulting formula for the non-Markovian correlation function has a simple structure and is as convenient in its application as the conventional quantum regression theorem for the Markovian case. For illustrations, we apply our method to investigate the spectrum of the current fluctuations of interacting quantum dots contacted with two electrodes. The corresponding non-Markovian characteristics are demonstrated.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Tunnel Junction Formation on Silicon P++ Emitters by Gas Immersion Laser Doping
Creators: name: Gaspar, G.
name: Guerra, A.
name: Serra, F.C.
name: Viana, A.S.
name: Arumughan, J.
name: Costa, I.
name: Pera, D.M.
name: Almeida Silva, J.
name: Vines, L.
name: Serra, J.M.
name: Lobato, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 521-524
description: Monolithically integrated 2-terminal Si/perovskite tandem solar cells have the potential to overcome the efficiency of Si single junction devices, whilst being cost-effective. The formation of the layers interconnecting the two sub-cells is a critical step, with several possible pathways for monolithic integration, such as amorphous Si, TCOs and crystalline silicon tunnel junctions. The latter one has the advantage of transparency, whilst also being more stable under high temperature steps required to deposit the perovskite sub-cell over the silicon sub-cell. Here we report on the status of our approach at forming tunnel junctions directly on a silicon sub-cell using Gas Immersion Laser Doping (GILD). We believe that this approach is scalable, cost-effective, and simple to integrate into manufacturing lines, unlike tunnel junction formation by eg, ion implantation. Our GILD system has already been used to successfully form phosphorus doped thin (100 to 400 nm) layers on p-type Cz-Si wafers. We now present the results of laser processing dependence according to wafer type (p++ emitter on p+ Cz-Si wafer vs p-type Cz-Si wafer without an emitter) and surrounding atmosphere. These influence the resultant surface morphology and the boron/oxygen depth profiles.
title: Simulating the Photon Statistics of Gaussian States Employing Automatic Differentiation from PyTorch
Creators: name: Fitzke, Erik
name: Niederschuh, Florian
name: Walther, Thomas
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: Many common photonic states are so-called Gaussian states. In a recent manuscript, we have shown how the photon statistics of such states can be obtained by constructing and differentiating generating functions. In this technical report, we demonstrate the straightforward application of the framework PyTorch to compute the required multivariate higher-order derivatives by automatic differentiation. Its implementation requires only a few lines of Python code corroborating the strength of our approach based on generating functions for the computation of photon statistics.
Elemente zur Krise der kirchlichen Lehr- und Verkündigungssprache
Creators: name: Hervieu-Léger, Danièle
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 9 Nr. 5 (1973): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 9, Heft 5
Perception of Supply Chain Management Practice and its Links with Performances in Ago-processing Industry: the Case of National Tobacco Enterprise (Ethiopia) SC
Creators: name: Belay, Meseret
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: The purpose of this research was to assess supply chain management practices (SCMP) and to test the relationship of supply chain management practice with SCM operational and organizational performances in National Tobacco Enterprise (Ethiopia) SC (NTE). The study methodology employed was quantitative method where structured questionnaires were sent to 224 tobacco out growers, suppliers, customers, NTE (purchasing, warehouse, marketing, production and IT) working unit employees. The research framework was tested in SPSS Version 20 using both descriptive statics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (linear correlation and multiple regressions). The empirical result of analysis indicates that supply chain management is practiced in NTE. Moreover the research findings have shown that SCMP have a positive effect on both SCM operational and organizational performance. Furthermore, SCM operational performance has also a positive significant relationship with SCM organizational performance. This study was conducted in one organization with a relatively small sample size of respondents. Also the data were collected only from suppliers and customers located in Addis Ababa. However, being the first study to assess the practice of SCMP in tobacco industry in Ethiopia, the research will serve as a spark light for future related researches. This study has also tested the relationship of SCM operational performance with SCM organizational performance for which few researches are available in this area
Boundary Variation Diminishing (BVD) reconstruction: a new approach to improve Godunov scheme
Creators: name: Sun, Ziyao
name: Inaba, Satoshi
name: Xiao, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76M12

description: This paper presents a new approach, so-called boundary variation diminishing (BVD), for reconstructions that minimize the discontinuities (jumps) at cell interfaces in Godunov type schemes. It is motivated by the observation that diminishing the jump at the cell boundary might effectively reduce the dissipation in numerical flux. Different from the existing practices which seek high-order polynomials within mesh cells while assuming discontinuities being always at the cell interfaces, we proposed a new strategy that combines a high-order polynomial-based interpolation and a jump-like reconstruction that allows a discontinuity being partly represented within the mesh cell rather than at the interface. It is shown that new schemes of high fidelity for both continuous and discontinuous solutions can be devised by the BVD guideline with properly-chosen candidate reconstruction schemes. Excellent numerical results have been obtained for both scalar and Euler conservation laws with substantially improved solution quality in comparison with the existing methods. This work provides a simple and accurate alternative of great practical significance to the current Godunov paradigm which overly pursues the smoothness within mesh cell under the questionable premiss that discontinuities only appear at cell interfaces.
The Langevin Approach: An R Package for Modeling Markov Processes
Creators: name: Rinn, Philip
name: Lind, Pedro G.
name: Wächter, Matthias
name: Peinke, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an R package developed by the research group Turbulence, Wind energy and Stochastics (TWiSt) at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, which extracts the (stochastic) evolution equation underlying a set of data or measurements. The method can be directly applied to data sets with one or two stochastic variables. Examples for the one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases are provided. This framework is valid under a small set of conditions which are explicitly presented and which imply simple preliminary test procedures to the data. For Markovian processes involving Gaussian white noise, a stochastic differential equation is derived straightforwardly from the time series and captures the full dynamical properties of the underlying process. Still, even in the case such conditions are not fulfilled, there are alternative versions of this method which we discuss briefly and provide the user with the necessary bibliography.
Origin of the Metal-Insulator Transition of Indium Atom Wires on Si(111)
Creators: name: Kim, Sun-Woo
name: Cho, Jun-Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a prototypical one-dimensional electron system, self-assembled indium (In) nanowires on the Si(111) surface have been believed to drive a metal-insulator transition by a charge-density-wave (CDW) formation due to electron-phonon coupling. Here, our first-principles calculations demonstrate that the structural phase transition from the high-temperature 4x1 phase to the low-temperature 8x2 phase occurs through an exothermic reaction with the consecutive bond-breaking and bond-making processes, giving rise to an energy barrier between the two phases as well as a gap opening. This atomistic picture for the phase transition not only identifies its first-order nature but also solves a long-standing puzzle of the origin of the metal-insulator transition in terms of the x2 periodic lattice reconstruction of In hexagons via bond breakage and new bond formation, not by the Peierls instability-driven CDW formation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures + supplemental material