cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Who Should Make the Rules of Trade? - The Complex Issue of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Creators: name: Kerr, William A.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Doha
subject: MEA
subject: negotiations
subject: ratification
subject: trade measures
subject: WTO

description: In recent years, governments have negotiated a number of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) that include clauses regarding trade measures that conflict with their WTO obligations. As yet, there has been no formal dispute regarding which obligations should prevail, but the threat of conflict is perceived to be sufficiently grave for the parties to the Doha Ministerial to agree to examine the issue. Those who have strong preferences for environmental amenities have put considerable effort into fostering MEAs and are lobbying hard for them to prevail over the WTO in their areas of competence. The current lack of transparency caused by conflicting rules increases the degree of risk perceived in the international commercial environment. As MEAs allow trading partners to impose trade barriers on ratifying partners when the WTO rules would not, a perverse set of incentives is created that may lead to sub-optimal levels of environmental protection as well as sub-optimal amounts of investment in trade-related activities. The use of trade measures in MEAs is examined and suggestions are provided for removing the conflicting rules of trade.
The Prophecies of the Naysayers - Assessing the Vision of the Protectionists in the U.S.-Canada Debate on Agricultural Reciprocity, 1846-1854: Technical Annex
Creators: name: Forgrave, Robert J.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Forgrave, Robert J.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This document is the technical annex to the full paper "The Prophecies of the Naysayers - Assessing the Vision of the Protectionists in the U.S.-Canada Debate on Agricultural Reciprocity, 1846-1854" which is available separately.
The high temperature expansion of the classical $XYZ$ chain
Creators: name: Silva, E. V. Correa
name: Rojas, Onofre
name: Skea, James E. F.
name: de Souza, S. M.
name: Thomaz, M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the $β$-expansion of the Helmholtz free energy of the classical $XYZ$ model, with a single-ion anisotropy term and in the presence of an external magnetic field, up to order $β^{12}$. We compare our results to the numerical solution of Joyce's [Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 581 (1967)] expression for the thermodynamics of the $XXZ$ classical model, with neither single-ion anisotropy term nor external magnetic field. This comparison shows that the derived analytical expansion is valid for intermediate temperatures such as $kT/J_x \approx 0.5$. We show that the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of the spin-2 antiferromagnetic chain can be approximated by their respective classical results, up to $kT/J \approx 0.8$, within an error of 2.5%. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic chains have the same classical Helmholtz free energy. We show how this two types of media react to the presence of an external magnetic field.
An upgraded interpolator of the radial basis functions network for spectral calculation based on empirical stellar spectral library
Creators: name: Cheng, LianTao
name: Zhang, FengHui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar population synthesis is an important method in the galaxy and star-cluster studies. In the stellar population synthesis models, stellar spectral library is necessary for the integrated spectra of the stellar population. Usually, the stellar spectral library is used to the transformation between the stellar atmospheric parameters and the stellar spectrum. The empirical stellar spectral library has irreplaceable advantages than the theoretical library. However, for the empirical spectral library, the distribution of stars is irregularly in the stellar atmospheric parameter space, this makes the traditional interpolator difficult to get the accurate results. In this work, we will provide an improved radial basis function interpolator which is used to obtain the interpolated stellar spectra based on the empirical stellar spectral library. For this interpolator, we use the relation between the standard variance σ in the Gaussian radial basis function and the density distribution of stars in the stellar atmospheric parameter space to give the prior constraint on this σ. Moreover, we also consider the anisotropic radius basis function by the advantage of the local dispersion of stars in the stellar atmospheric parameter space. Furthermore, we use the empirical stellar spectral library MILES to test this interpolator. On the whole, the interpolator has a good performance except for the edge of the low-temperature region. At last, we compare this interpolator with the work in Cheng et al. (2018), the interpolation result shows an obvious improvement. Users can use this interpolator to get the interpolated spectra based on the stellar spectral library quickly and easily.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
Supersymmetry of FRW barotropic cosmologies
Creators: name: Rosu, H. C.
name: Ojeda-May, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Barotropic FRW cosmologies are presented from the standpoint of nonrelativistic supersymmetry. First, we reduce the barotropic FRW system of differential equations to simple harmonic oscillator differential equations. Employing the factorization procedure, the solutions of the latter equations are divided into the two classes of bosonic (nonsingular) and fermionic (singular) cosmological solutions. We next introduce a coupling parameter denoted by K between the two classes of solutions and obtain barotropic cosmologies with dissipative features acting on the scale factors and spatial curvature of the universe. The K-extended FRW equations in comoving time are presented in explicit form in the low coupling regime. The standard barotropic FRW cosmologies correspond to the dissipationless limit K =0
description: 6 pages
D3 instantons in Calabi-Yau orientifolds with(out) fluxes
Creators: name: Park, Jaemo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the instanton effect due to D3 branes wrapping a four-cycle in a Calabi-Yau orientifold with D7 branes. We study the condition for the nonzero superpotentials from the D3 instantons. For that matter we work out the zero mode structures of D3 branes wrapping a four-cycle both in the presence of the fluxes and in the absence of the fluxes. In the presence of the fluxes, the condition for the nonzero superpotential could be different from that without the fluxes. We explicitly work out a simple example of the orientifold of $K3 \times T^2/Z_2$ with a suitable flux to show such behavior. The effects of D3-D7 sectors are interesting and give further constraints for the nonzero superpotential. In a special configuration where D3 branes and D7 branes wrap the same four-cycle, multi-instanton calculus of D3 branes could be reduced to that of a suitable field theory. The structure of D5 instantons in Type I theory is briefly discussed.
description: 17 pages; Typos corrected, arguments improved and references added
Temperature-Dependent X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Colossal Magnetoresistive Perovskites
Creators: name: Mannella, N.
name: Rosenhahn, A.
name: Watanabe, M.
name: Sell, B.
name: Nambu, A.
name: Ritchey, S.
name: Arenholz, E.
name: Young, A.
name: Tomioka, Y.
name: Fadley, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependence of the O K-edge pre-edge structure in the x-ray absorption spectra of the perovskites La(1-x)A(x)MnO(3), (A = Ca, Sr; x = 0.3, 0.4) reveals a correlation between the disappearance of the splitting in the pre-edge region and the presence of Jahn-Teller distortions. The different magnitudes of the distortions for different compounds is proposed to explain some dissimilarity in the line shape of the spectra taken above the Curie temperature.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. B, 5 pages, 3 figures
Momentum Analysis in Strong-field Double Ionization
Creators: name: Ho, Phay J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a basis for the laser intensity dependence of the momentum distributions of electrons and ions arising from strong-field non-sequential double ionization (NSDI) at intensities in the range $I=1-6.5 \times 10^{14} W/cm^2$. To do this we use a completely classical method introduced previously \cite{ho-etal05}. Our calculated results reproduce the features of experimental observations at different laser intensities and depend on just two distinct categories of electon trajectories.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
FTAA: What's in It for the South?
Creators: name: Hester, Annette
name: Hester, Annette
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Brazil
subject: non-tariff barriers
subject: FTAA
subject: South

description: Not everyone in the Americas thinks that negotiating an FTAA is desirable. Some argue that the timing of the negotiations is being set by the agenda of the developed countries, particularly the US, and not that of the rest of the region. Others say that negotiating tariff reductions will do little to increase exports. The argument is that non-tariff barriers to trade must be part of the package, or the whole idea is a waste of time. These are just some of the opinions coming from the South. Interestingly, a number of these ideas are coming from Brazil, the hemisphere's most populous country after the US, and clearly a leader in the region. Presidential elections in Brazil took place in the fall of 2002 just prior to an FTAA Ministerial in Quito. In the lead up to the election, the FTAA positions of the opposition candidates, including the eventual winner, were much more protectionist than that of the outgoing government. If the protectionism carries through to official government policy, then the FTAA process will be much more difficult. However, this might just have been electoral talk. This paper will attempt to sort out truth from rhetoric.
31. The motion of dwarfs spheroidals
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are small, low-luminosity galaxies comprising old stellar populations. By the late 1990s, their rarity seemed to be in conflict with the 'Lambda cold dark matter' cosmological model, which predicted that massive galaxies like the Milky Way should be surrounded by many dark matter dominated halos.
Hadron Spectrum from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Ukawa, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief review is given of the lattice QCD calculation of the hadron spectrum. The status of current attempts toward inclusion of dynamical up, down and strange quarks is summarized focusing on our own work. Recent work on the possible existence of pentaquark states are assessed. We touch upon the PACS-CS Project for building our next machine for lattice QCD, and conclude with a near-term physics and machine prospects.
description: Talk given at the International Conference on QCD and Hadronic Physics, Beijing, June 16-20, 2005. References added and corrected
European Union Grain Export Practices: Do They Constitute a State Trading Enterprise? Technical Annex
Creators: name: Rude, James
name: Annand, Mel
name: Rude, James
name: Annand, Mel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This document is the technical annex to the full paper 'European Union Grain Export Practices: Do They Constitute a State Trading Enterprise" which is available separately.
32. Aberration and Galactic rotation
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: As the Earth orbits the Sun, star positions change due to the combination of the Earth's velocity, and the speed of light arriving from the star.  The effect is already at levels imperceptible to the human eye. But a million times more sensitive still, Gaia has recently detected a similar effect due to the Sun's 250 million year orbit around the Galaxy.
Photoinduced $η$-pairing at finite temperatures
Creators: name: Ejima, Satoshi
name: Kaneko, Tatsuya
name: Lange, Florian
name: Yunoki, Seiji
name: Fehske, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically prove photoinduced $η$-pairing in a half-filled fermionic Hubbard chain at both zero and finite temperature. The result, obtained by combining the matrix-product-state based infinite time-evolving block decimation technique and the purification method, applies to the thermodynamic limit. Exciting the Mott insulator by a laser electric field docked on via the Peierls phase, we track the time-evolution of the correlated many-body system and determine the optimal parameter set for which the nonlocal part of the $η$-pair correlation function becomes dominant during the laser pump at zero and low temperatures. These correlations vanish at higher temperatures and long times after pulse irradiation. In the high laser frequency strong Coulomb coupling regime we observe a remnant enhancement of the Brillouin-zone boundary pair-correlation function also at high temperatures, if the Hubbard interaction is about a multiple of the laser frequency, which can be attributed to an enhanced double occupancy in the virtual Floquet state.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures + 3 pages supplemental material
An algebraic formula for the index of a vector field on an isolated complete intersection singularity
Creators: name: von Bothmer, H. -Chr. Graf
name: Ebeling, W.
name: Gomez-Mont, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B05, 32S10, 13D25

description: Let (V,0) be a germ of a complete intersection variety in \CC^{n+k}, n>0, having an isolated singularity at 0 and X be the germ of a holomorphic vector field on \CC^{n+k} tangent to V and having on V an isolated zero at 0. We show that in this case the homological index and the GSV-index coincide. In the case when the zero of X is also isolated in the ambient space \CC^{n+k} we give a formula for the homological index in terms of local linear algebra.
description: 18 pages; added an example which is not quasi homogeneous. A script calculating this example can be found at http://www.iag.uni-hannover.de/~bothmer/gobelin/ or at the and of the source file of this article
The Amplitude of Dark Energy Perturbations
Creators: name: Gordon, Christopher
name: Wands, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model which produces dark energy perturbations large enough to explain the lack of power seen at the quadrupole scale in the cosmic microwave background. If the dark energy is frozen from horizon exit during inflation until dark energy domination, then it is not possible to have perturbations in the dark energy which are large enough. We propose using a tachyonic amplification mechanism to overcome this. The dark energy is taken to be a complex scalar field, where the radial field has a Mexican hat potential. During inflation, the radial component is trapped near the maximum of its potential. At the end of inflation, it rolls down to the minimum. The dark energy today is taken to be a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson. The perturbations generated during inflation are amplified by the rolling of the radial field. We also examine the use of the variable decay mechanism in order to generate an anti-correlation between the dark energy perturbations and the curvature perturbation. We show that using this mechanism then constrains the properties of the dark energy and its evolution from redshift one until today.
description: Added references and an acknowledgment. Accepted for publication in PRD
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: 2018 California 48 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); opinion of various public figures (2); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); California Congressional District 48 (1); Republican Representative Dana Rohrabacher (1); Democratic Representative Harley Rouda (1); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); support/oppose positions on National Football League (NFL); players kneeling during national anthem (2); approve/disapprove of how respondent's representative has handled Russia investigation (1); agree/disagree with various statements (5); ever struggled/known someone who has struggled with opioid addiction (1); political partisanship (1).
Dissipative phase transition in two-dimensional d-wave Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum dynamics of in-plane Josephson junctions between two d-wave superconducting films is described by the anisotropic XY-model where both, quasiparticle and Cooper pair tunneling terms, appear to be equally non-local. Applying a combination of the weak and strong coupling analyses to this model, we find a compelling evidence of a dissipative phase transition. The corresponding critical behavior is studied and contrasted with that found previously in the conventional (s-wave) Josephson junctions.
description: Latex, 1 figure
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: September 2018 Illinois 06 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); opinion of various public figures (2); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); Illinois Congressional District 06 (1); Republican representative Peter Roskam (1); Democratic representative Sean Casten (1); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); support/oppose position on gun control law banning sale of assault-style guns/high-capacity magazines (1); agree/disagree with various statements (4); ever struggled/known someone who has struggled with opioid addiction (1); political partisanship (1).
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: September 2018 Illinois 12 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); opinion of various public figures (2); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); Illinois Congressional District 12 (1); Democratic candidate Brendan Kelly (1); Republican candidate Mike Bost (1); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); support/oppose position on gun control law banning sale of assault-style guns/high-capacity magazines (1); agree/disagree with various statements (4); ever struggled/known someone who has struggled with opioid addiction (1); political partisanship (1); how often use Facebook (1).
Sartory, Thomas (Hrsg.), Die Eucharistie im Verständnis der Konfessionen
Creators: name: Weissgerber, Hans
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 3 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 3
Modelling Spot Water Markets Under Uncertain Water Supply
Creators: name: Calatrava-Leyva, Javier
name: Garrido, Alberto
name: Calatrava-Leyva, Javier
name: Garrido, Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: uncertainty
subject: farm modelling
subject: water markets
subject: water supply

description: Water availability in semiarid regions usually exhibits patterns of extreme variability. Even in intensively controlled basins, some users are subject to low levels of water reliability, and more vulnerable to periods of extreme scarcity. To reduce their risk exposure more flexible instruments, such as voluntary exchanges of water among users, are required. Recent changes in the Spanish water Law have given an initial impulse to allow for leases of water use rights. Properly designed and monitored, this instrument provides some flexibility to water management, and may increase the economic use efficiency as well as mitigate the adverse economic effects of droughts. This paper looks at the risks and uncertainty dimensions of water markets, which have not been paid much attention in the literature. It analyses, from theoretical and empirical standpoints, the role that uncertainty plays in market participants' decisions and its impact on gains from trade. Two models have been developed to carry out the empirical application. One is a stochastic and two-stage discreet programming model which simulates irrigators behaviour and the other is a spatial equilibrium model to compute market exchange and equilibrium. Water market price endogeneity is solved by an iterative process, which characterise price uncertainty from the results obtained from the spatial equilibrium model. Hydrological risk is characterised at the irrigation farm level through the variation of the water allowances served for irrigation. The application is performed on eleven irrigated farms in a district of the Guadalquivir Valley (Southern Spain. It is shown how water availability uncertainty reduces farmers' benefits because of the fact that they must take ex-ante decisions. However, if market participation is allowed once water allowances become known, even at an uncertain price, the benefit losses are partly mitigated. From a methodological standpoint, these results suggest that the agricultural water market benefits estimates found in the literature may be undervalued as a result of omitting the option to participate in the market in the mix of possible strategies. Exchanging water in annual spot markets allows for the reduction of farmers' economic vulnerability caused by the variability and uncertainty of water supply within an irrigation season.
Rural Development and Unemployment Reduction
Creators: name: Blinova, Tatiana V.
name: Blinova, Tatiana V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: rural development
subject: Russian regions
subject: agricultural
subject: diversification effects
subject: unemployment reduction

description: The objective of this paper is to study the link between rural regional development strategies and unemployment reduction in agricultural regions. Based on empirical data, the paper presents the assessment of the "diversification effects" for the regional labor demand achieved through the development of the non-state sector, small businesses and the service market on the regional labor markets' behavior. By using the regression models we analyze how labor market performances depend on the patterns of the employment structure. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of agrarian and industrial regions. It is shown that high rates of employment in the agriculture weaken the position of the region on the labor market. However, diversification of the employment structure of the agricultural regions is a factor reducing the risk of rural unemployment. In rural regions the development of non-agricultural employment produces positive effects on the regional labor markets' behavior. We study the relationships of the labor market performance with the key directions of the economic reform like changes in the ownership structure, development of small businesses and the service market.
The PACS-CS Project
Creators: name: CS Collaboration
name: Aoki, S.
name: Ishikawa, K. -I.
name: Ishikawa, T.
name: Ishizuka, N.
name: Kanaya, K.
name: Kuramashi, Y.
name: Okawa, M.
name: Sasaki, K.
name: Taniguchi, Y.
name: Tsutsui, N.
name: Ukawa, A.
name: Yoshie, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe our plan to develop a large-scale cluster system with a peak speed of 14.3Tflops for lattice QCD at the Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, as a successor to the current 0.6Tflops CP-PACS computer. The system consist of 2560 nodes connected by a 16x16x10 three-dimensional hyper crossbar network. Each node has a single low-voltage 2.8GHz Xeon processor and 2GBytes of memory with 6.4GBytes/sec bandwidth, and 160 GBytes of disk in RAID1 mode. The network link in each of the three directions is made of dual Gigabit Ethernet with the peak throughput of 250MByte/sec. Hence each node has an aggregate network bandwidth of 750MByte/sec. The system will run under Linux and SCore, and an extension of the PM driver is developed for the network. The system will be developed jointly with Hitachi Limited. The installation is scheduled in the first quarter of Japanese Fiscal 2006 (April-June 2006) and the start of operation is expected in July 2006.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, talk presented at Lattice2005 (Algorithm and Machines)
Exactly solvable systems and the Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi formalism
Creators: name: Rasinariu, Constantin
name: Dykla, John J.
name: Gangopadhyaya, Asim
name: Mallow, Jeffry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We connect Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Theory with supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM). We show that the shape invariance, which is an integrability condition of SUSYQM, translates into fractional linear relations among the quantum momentum functions.
description: 9 Pages, Latex
sh(2/2) Superalgebra eigenstates and generalized supercoherent and supersqueezed states
Creators: name: Alvarez-Moraga, Nibaldo
name: Hussin, Veronique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superalgebra eigenstates (SAES) concept is introduced and then applied to find the SAES associated to the $sh(2/2)$ superalgebra, also known as Heisenberg--Weyl Lie superalgebra. This implies to solve a Grassmannian eigenvalue superequation. Thus, the $sh(2/2)$ SAES contain the class of supercoherent states associated to the supersymmetric harmonic oscillator and also a class of supersqueezed states associated to the $osp(2/2) \sdir sh(2/2)$ superalgebra, where $osp(2/2)$ denotes the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra generated by the set of operators formed from the quadratic products of the Heisenberg--Weyl Lie superalgebra generators. The properties of these states are investigated and compared with those of the states obtained by applying the group-theoretical technics. Moreover, new classes of generalized supercoherent and supersqueezed states are also obtained. As an application, the superHermitian and $η$--pseudo--superHermitian Hamiltonians without a defined Grassmann parity and isospectral to the harmonic oscillator are constructed. Their eigenstates and associated supercoherent states are calculated.
description: 42 pages
Staggering and Synchronisation of Prices in a Low Inflation Environment: Evidence from German Food Stores
Creators: name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Weiss, Christoph R.
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Weiss, Christoph R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Pricing behaviour
subject: food products
subject: German retailers

description: Only a few studies have analysed staggering and synchronisation in pricing behaviour of multi-product firms. These studies used low-frequency data in an environment of high rates of inflation. This paper investigates staggering and synchronisation of weekly prices for ten food products in 131 grocery stores in Germany over the period from May 1995 to December 2000 (296 weeks). Different forms of staggering and synchronisation (across-store synchronisation, within type-of-store synchronisation, within retailer synchronisation or across-product synchronisation) have been analysed. None of these forms of synchronisation is supported empirically however. In contrast, perfect staggering can only be rejected in very few cases.
Steinwand, Eduard, Glaube und Kirche in Rußland
Creators: name: Von Traugott, Hahn
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 3 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 3
Determination of on-capillary pH and proton and hydroxide mobility in capillary electrophoresis
Creators: name: Duso, Angela B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The primary aim of this work is the measurement of on-capillary pH within the field of capillary electrophoresis. The first part of this thesis presents an investigation into the properties of the pH junction formed through a multi-electrolyte system within the capillary. For 1-unit pH differences, the pH character of a sample zone, sandwiched between zones of higher or lower pH was preserved, although the pH junctions themselves were observed to move. For 2-unit pH differences, an increase in time spent on the capillary, along with movement of the dye molecules being used to measure the pH, made it impossible to measure the pH of the sample zone. These experiments led to an interest in the mobility of proton and hydroxide ions within the capillary. While extensive measurements had been performed on bulk solutions of strong acids and bases under an electric field, no one as yet had measured the mobilities on a capillary. Using a pH indicator to measure the migration velocity of the ions, the mobilities of OH⁻ and H⁺ ions were determined, and found to be similar to empirical measurements made using bulk solutions. Finally, in a departure from pH measurement, method development for the assay of functionalized dendrimer compounds was performed. A qualitative assay was developed and evaluated for linearity, quantitation limit, and specificity. The assay was also applied to samples of the compound prepared in a plasma sample matrix.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excitation in nearby spiral galaxies
Creators: name: Bendo, G. J.
name: Lu, N.
name: Zijlstra, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have examined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) excitation in a sample of 25 nearby face-on spiral galaxies using the ratio of mid-infrared PAH emission to dust mass. Within 11 of the galaxies, we found that the PAH excitation was straightforwardly linked to ultraviolet or mid-infrared star formation tracers, which, along with other results studying the relation of PAH emission to star formation, indicates that the PAHs are most strongly excited in dusty shells around the star forming regions. Within another 5 galaxies, the PAH emission is enhanced around star forming regions only at specific galactocentric radii. In 6 more galaxies, PAH excitation is more strongly correlated with the evolved stellar populations as traced by 3.6 micron emission. The results for the remaining 3 galaxies were ambiguous. The radial gradients of the PAH/dust ratios were generally not linked to log(O/H) gradients except when the log(O/H) gradients were relatively steep. Galaxies in which PAHs were excited by evolved stars had relatively high far-ultraviolet to mid-infrared ratios, indicating that variations in the link between PAH excitation and different stellar populations is linked to changes in dust attenuation within galaxies. Alternately, differences in morphology could make it more likely that PAHs are excited by evolved stars, as 5 of the 6 galaxies where this occurs are late-type flocculent spiral galaxies. These heterogeneous results demonstrate the complexity of describing PAH excitation and have broad implications for using PAH emission as a star formation tracer as well as for modelling dust emission and radiative transfer.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Diversification as a Survival Strategy for Marginal Farms an Exploratory Research
Creators: name: Vernimmen, Tom
name: Bourgeois, Marie
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
name: Meert, Henk
name: Van Hecke, Etienne
name: Vernimmen, Tom
name: Bourgeois, Marie
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
name: Meert, Henk
name: Van Hecke, Etienne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: farm diversification
subject: poverty
subject: farm strategies
subject: rural development

description: One of the common strategies in rural development programmes is to support the adoption of new on-farm activities. The rationale behind this is that farm diversification is a way to assure an appropriate level of income for the farmers. Through interviews with 49 relatively small farmers, the possibilities for diversification as a survival strategy are assessed. The analysis is mainly based on a classification of development pathways by Bowler (1992). Few forms of diversification appear to be successful as a survival strategy in case of economic problems. Only off-farm employment seems to be effective in this respect. The introduction of new activities on marginal farms is hampered by lack of financial and human capital. On the other hand, diversification is often found on small farms without financial problems. This is an indication that on-farm diversification is able to stabilize the household income and to avoid financial problems when it is used as a preventive strategy.
SGARFACE: A Novel Detector For Microsecond Gamma Ray Bursts
Creators: name: LeBohec, S.
name: Krennrich, F.
name: Sleege, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Short GAmma Ray Front Air Cherenkov Experiment (SGARFACE) is operated at the Whipple Observatory utilizing the Whipple 10m gamma-ray telescope. SGARFACE is sensitive to gamma-ray bursts of more than 100MeV with durations from 100ns to 35us and provides a fluence sensitivity as low as 0.8 gamma-rays per m^2 above 200MeV (0.05 gamma-rays per m^2 above 2GeV) and allows to record the burst time structure.
description: 29 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Learning to Switch CNNs with Model Agnostic Meta Learning for Fine Precision Visual Servoing
Creators: name: Raj, Prem
name: Namboodiri, Vinay P.
name: Behera, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied for relative camera pose estimation from labeled image-pair data, without requiring any hand-engineered features, camera intrinsic parameters or depth information. The trained CNN can be utilized for performing pose based visual servo control (PBVS). One of the ways to improve the quality of visual servo output is to improve the accuracy of the CNN for estimating the relative pose estimation. With a given state-of-the-art CNN for relative pose regression, how can we achieve an improved performance for visual servo control? In this paper, we explore switching of CNNs to improve the precision of visual servo control. The idea of switching a CNN is due to the fact that the dataset for training a relative camera pose regressor for visual servo control must contain variations in relative pose ranging from a very small scale to eventually a larger scale. We found that, training two different instances of the CNN, one for large-scale-displacements (LSD) and another for small-scale-displacements (SSD) and switching them during the visual servo execution yields better results than training a single CNN with the combined LSD+SSD data. However, it causes extra storage overhead and switching decision is taken by a manually set threshold which may not be optimal for all the scenes. To eliminate these drawbacks, we propose an efficient switching strategy based on model agnostic meta learning (MAML) algorithm. In this, a single model is trained to learn parameters which are simultaneously good for multiple tasks, namely a binary classification for switching decision, a 6DOF pose regression for LSD data and also a 6DOF pose regression for SSD data. The proposed approach performs far better than the naive approach, while storage and run-time overheads are almost negligible.
description: Accepted in IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS-2020). For video visit - https://youtu.be/GSG20lmWDUo
Farmers' Exit Decisions and Early Retirement Programs in Finland
Creators: name: Pietola, Kyosti
name: Vare, Minna
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Pietola, Kyosti
name: Vare, Minna
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: exit
subject: entry
subject: dynamic programming
subject: switching-type Probit
subject: Simulated Maximum Likelihood

description: This paper estimates farmer decisions between three discrete occupational choices: exit and close down the farming operation (1), exit and transfer the farm to a new entrant (2), or continue farming and retain the option to exit later on (3). The farmer optimisation problem is formulated as a recursive optimal stopping problem. The unknown parameters are first estimated by a switching-type, reduced form Probit models and, then by the Simulated maximum likelihood (SML) method, controlling for serial correlation in the errors. Serial correlation in the errors is controlled for by the Geweke-Hajivassiliou-Keane (GHK) simulation technique. The results suggest that the timing and the type of farmer exit decisions respond elastically to farmer characteristics, farm characteristics, and economic environment. Early retirement programs and the level of farmer retirement benefits are predicted to play a key role in steering structural development and enhancing family farms in the Nordic agricultural sectors.
Relative Impact of the Norway-EU Salmon Agreement: A Midterm Assessment
Creators: name: Kinnucan, Henry W.
name: Myrland, Oystein
name: Kinnucan, Henry W.
name: Myrland, Oystein
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: equilibrium displacement modeling
subject: export tax
subject: generic advertising
subject: trade policy

description: An agreement between Norway and the European Commission specifies an increase in the export tax on Norwegian salmon entering EU markets from 0.75% to 3.00% effective 1 July 1997. Further, Norway's exports are subject to a price floor and quantity ceiling, neither of which were binding over the evaluation period. Since the tax's proceeds are to be used by Norway to fund generic marketing of Atlantic salmon, it is possible that the agreement is winwin, i.e., benefits United Kingdom and Norwegian producers alike. To test this, we use an equilibrium displacement model to estimate the agreement's effects on prices, trade flows, and producer welfare. Results based on data through 1999 suggest the agreement is indeed win-win, but that currency realignments and feed quota policy can easily neutralize or obscure the effects.
Dietzfelbinger, Wolfgang, Die Grenzen der Kirche nach römisch-katholischer Lehre
Creators: name: Wilkens, Erwin
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 3 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 3
On the nature of Lithium-rich giant stars: constraints from Beryllium abundances
Creators: name: Melo, C. H. F.
name: de Laverny, P.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Israelian, G.
name: Randich, S.
name: Nascimento, J. D. do
name: De Medeiros, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have derived beryllium abundances for 7 Li-rich giant (A(Li) > 1.5) stars and 10 other Li-normal giants, with the aim of investigating the origin of the Lithium in the Li-rich giants. In particular, we test the predictions of the engulfment scenario proposed by Siess & Livio (1999), where the engulfment of a brown dwarf or one or more giant planets would lead to a simultaneous enrichment of 7Li and 9Be. We show that regardless their nature, none of the stars studied in this paper were found to have detectable beryllium. Using simple dilution arguments we show that the engulfment of an external object as the sole source of Li enrichment is ruled out by the Li and Be abundance data. The present results favor the idea that Li has been produced in the interior of the stars by a Cameron-Fowler process and brought up to the surface by an extra mixing mechanism.
description: Accepted in A&A
Agricultural Risk Aversion Revisited: A Multicriteria Decision-Making Approach
Creators: name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Riesgo, Laura
name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Riesgo, Laura
name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Risk analysis
subject: Agriculture
subject: Utility theory
subject: Multiple criteria analysis

description: In modelling farm systems it is widely accepted that risk plays a central role. Furthermore, farmers' risk aversion determines their decisions in both the short and the long run. This paper presents a methodology based on multiple criteria mathematical programming to obtain relative and absolute risk aversion coefficients. We rely on multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) to elicit a separable additive multiattribute utility function and then estimate the risk aversion coefficients and apply this methodology to an irrigated area of Northern Spain. The results show a wide variety of attitudes to risk among farmers, who mainly exhibit decreasing absolute risk aversion (DARA) and constant relative risk aversion (CRRA).
Interaction-driven Dynamics of 40K / 87Rb Fermi-Bose Gas Mixtures in the Large Particle Number Limit
Creators: name: Ospelkaus, C.
name: Ospelkaus, S.
name: Sengstock, K.
name: Bongs, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied effects of interspecies attraction in a Fermi-Bose mixture over a large regime of particle numbers in the 40K / 87Rb system. We report on the observation of a mean field driven collapse at critical particle numbers of 1.2 million 87Rb atoms in the condensate and 750,000 40K atoms consistent with mean field theory for an interspecies scattering length of -281(15) Bohr radii [S. Inouye et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 183201 (2004)]. For overcritical particle numbers, we see evidence for revivals of the collapse. Before and after the collapse, the axial expansion profileof the 40K cloud is strongly modified and reflects the in-trap density profile distorted by the mean field interspecies attraction. Part of our detailed study of the decay dynamics and mechanisms is a measurement of the (87Rb - 87Rb- 40K) three-body loss coefficient K3=(2.8+-1.1)*10^-28 cm^6/s, which is an important input parameter for dynamical studies of the system.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, introduction reworked
A Survey of Bayesian Statistical Approaches for Big Data
Creators: name: Jahan, Farzana
name: Ullah, Insha
name: Mengersen, Kerrie L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3
subject: 62-08, 97K70, 97K80

description: The modern era is characterised as an era of information or Big Data. This has motivated a huge literature on new methods for extracting information and insights from these data. A natural question is how these approaches differ from those that were available prior to the advent of Big Data. We present a review of published studies that present Bayesian statistical approaches specifically for Big Data and discuss the reported and perceived benefits of these approaches. We conclude by addressing the question of whether focusing only on improving computational algorithms and infrastructure will be enough to face the challenges of Big Data.
Classical, semiclassical and quantum signatures of quantum phase transitions in a (pseudo) relativistic many-body system
Creators: name: Nitsch, Maximilian
name: Geiger, Benjamin
name: Richter, Klaus
name: Urbina, Juan Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify a (pseudo) relativistic spin-dependent analogue of the celebrated quantum phase transition driven by the formation of a bright soliton in attractive one-dimensional bosonic gases. In this new scenario, due to the simultaneous existence of the linear dispersion and the bosonic nature of the system, special care must be taken with the choice of energy region where the transition takes place. Still, due to a crucial adiabatic separation of scales, and identified through extensive numerical diagonalization, a suitable effective model describing the transition is found. The corresponding mean-field analysis based on this effective model provides accurate predictions for the location of the quantum phase transition when compared against extensive numerical simulations. Furthermore, we numerically investigate the dynamical exponents characterizing the approach from its finite-size precursors to the sharp quantum phase transition in the thermodynamic limit.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Generation of a highly phase sensitive polarization squeezed N-photon state by collinear parametric downconversion and coherent photon subtraction
Creators: name: Hofmann, Holger F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a highly phase sensitive polarization squeezed (2n-1)-photon state can be generated by subtracting a diagonally polarized photon from the 2n photon component generated in collinear type II downconversion. This polarization wedge state has the interesting property that its photon number distribution in the horizontal and vertical polarizations remains sharply defined for phase shifts of up to 1/n between the circularly polarized components. Phase shifts at the Heisenberg limit are therefore observed as nearly deterministic transfers of a single photon between the horizontal and vertical polarization components.
description: 7 pages, including 5 figures, improved explanation of interferometry (one new figure)