cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Symposium Summary
Creators: name: Leitherer, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I summarize the highlights of the conference. First I provide a brief history of the beach symposia series our massive star community has been organizing. Then I use most of my allocated space discussing what I believe are the main answered and open questions in the field. Finally I conclude with a perspective of the future of massive star research.
description: 10 pages. Summary talk of IAU Symp. 250, Massive Stars as Cosmic Engines, Kauai (HI), 12/2007, ed. F. Bresolin, P. Crowther, & J. Puls
Energy gap of topological surface states in proximity to a magnetic insulator
Creators: name: Wang, Jiashu
name: Zhukovskyi, Maksym
name: Orlova, Tatyana
name: Assaf, Badih A.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Topological surface-states can acquire an energy gap when time-reversal symmetry is broken by interfacing with a magnetic insulator. This gap has yet to be measured. Such topological-magnetic insulator heterostructures can host a quantized anomalous Hall effect and can allow the control of the magnetic state of the insulator in a spintronic device. In this work, we observe the energy gap of topological surface-states in proximity to a magnetic insulator using magnetooptical Landau level spectroscopy. We measure Pb1-xSnxSe–EuSe heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy exhibiting a record mobility and low Fermi energy. Through temperature dependent measurements and theoretical calculations, we show this gap is likely due to quantum confinement and conclude that the magnetic proximity effect is weak in this system. This weakness is disadvantageous for the realization of the quantum anomalous Hall effect, but favorable for spintronic devices which require the preservation of spin-momentum locking at the Fermi level.
Social Learning and Parameter Uncertainty in Irreversible Investment----Evidence from Greenhouse Adoption in Northern China
Creators: name: Wang, Honglin
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Wang, Honglin
name: Reardon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Social Learning
subject: Technology Adoption
subject: Irreversible Investment
subject: Parameter Uncertainty
subject: Energy Saving Greenhouse

description: This paper introduces social learning into irreversible investment theory through parameter uncertainty, and shows that social learning could reduce parameter uncertainty to facilitate irreversible investment technology adoption. The theoretic model is tested by using household level data from energy saving greenhouse adoption in northern China, and empirical evidences are consistent with the theory: social learning has significantly positive impacts on greenhouse adoption, while market volatility discourages the adoption.
Detection of the Buried AGN in NGC 6240 with the Infrared Spectrograph on The Spitzer Space Telescope
Creators: name: Armus, L.
name: Bernard-Salas, J.
name: Spoon, H. W. W.
name: Marshall, J. A.
name: Charmandaris, V.
name: Higdon, S. J. U.
name: Desai, V.
name: Hao, L.
name: Teplitz, H. I.
name: Devost, D.
name: Brandl, B. R.
name: Soifer, B. T.
name: Houck, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present mid-infrared spectra of the nearby, Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy NGC 6240 taken with the IRS on Spitzer. The spectrum of NGC 6240 is dominated by strong fine-structure lines, rotational H2 lines, and PAH emission features. The H2 line fluxes suggest molecular gas at a variety of temperatures. A simple two-temperature fit to the S(0) through S(7) lines implies a mass of 6.7E6 solar masses at T=957K and 1.6E9 solar masses at T=164K, or about 15% of the total molecular gas mass in this system. Noteably, we have detected the [NeV] 14.3 micron emission line, with a flux of 5E-14 erg/cm^2/s, providing the first direct detection of the buried AGN in the mid-infrared. Modelling of the total SED from near to far-infrared wavelengths requires the presence of a hot dust (T=700K) component, which we also associate with the buried AGN. The small [NeV]/[NeII] and [NeV]/IR flux ratios, the relative fraction of hot dust emission, as well as the large 6.2 micron PAH EQW, are all consistent with an apparent AGN contribution of only 3-5% to the bolometric luminosity. However, correcting the measured [NeV] flux by the extinction implied by the silicate optical depth and our SED fitting, suggests an intrinsic fractional AGN contribution to the bolometric luminosity of about 20-24% in NGC 6240, which lies within the range implied by fits to the hard X-ray spectrum.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
STARFORGE: The effects of protostellar outflows on the IMF
Creators: name: Guszejnov, Dávid
name: Grudić, Michael Y.
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial mass function (IMF) of stars is a key quantity affecting almost every field of astrophysics, yet it remains unclear what physical mechanisms determine it. We present the first runs of the STARFORGE project, using a new numerical framework to follow the formation of individual stars in giant molecular clouds (GMCs) using the GIZMO code. Our suite include runs with increasingly complex physics, starting with isothermal ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and then adding non-isothermal thermodynamics and protostellar outflows. We show that without protostellar outflows the resulting stellar masses are an order of magnitude too high, similar to the result in the base isothermal MHD run. Outflows disrupt the accretion flow around the protostar, allowing gas to fragment and additional stars to form, thereby lowering the mean stellar mass to a value similar to that observed. The effect of jets upon global cloud evolution is most pronounced for lower-mass GMCs and dense clumps, so while jets can disrupt low-mass clouds, they are unable to regulate star formation in massive GMCs, as they would turn an order unity fraction of the mass into stars before unbinding the cloud. Jets are also unable to stop the runaway accretion of massive stars, which could ultimately lead to the formation of stars with masses $\mathrm{>500\,M_\odot}$. Although we find that the mass scale set by jets is insensitive to most cloud parameters (i.e., surface density, virial parameter), it is strongly dependent on the momentum loading of the jets (which is poorly constrained by observations) as well the the temperature of the parent cloud, which predicts slightly larger IMF variations than observed. We conclude that protostellar jets play a vital role in setting the mass scale of stars, but additional physics are necessary to reproduce the observed IMF.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Non Stopping Times and Stopping Theorems
Creators: name: Nikeghbali, Ashkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C38, 15A15, 15A18

description: Given a random time, we characterize the set of martingales for which the stopping theorems still hold. We also investigate how the stopping theorems are modified when we consider arbitrary random times. To this end, we introduce some families of martingales with remarkable properties. We also investigate, in the Brownian setting, the relationships between a given random time and the underlying Brownian Motion in the progressively enlarged filtration with respect to this random time.
description: Typos corrected. Close to the published version
Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Ethanol from Iowa Corn: Life Cycle Analysis versus System-wide Accounting
Creators: name: Feng, Hongli
name: Rubin, Ofir D.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Rubin, Ofir D.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biofuels
subject: corn ethanol
subject: greenhouse gas
subject: life cycle analysis
subject: system-wide accounting

description: Life cycle analysis (LCA) is the standard approach used to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits of biofuels. However, it is increasingly recognized that LCA results do not account for some impacts—including land use changes—that have important implications on GHGs. Thus, an alternative accounting system that goes beyond LCA is needed. In this paper, we contribute to the literature by laying out the basics of a system-wide accounting (SWA) method that takes into account all potential changes in GHGs resulting from biofuel expansion. We applied both LCA and SWA to assess the GHG impacts of ethanol based on Iowa corn. Growing corn in rotation with soybeans generated 35% less GHG emissions than growing corn after corn. Based on average corn production, ethanol’s GHG benefits were lower in 2007 than in 2006 because of an increase in continuous corn in 2007. When only additional corn was considered, ethanol emitted about 22% less GHGs than gasoline. Results from SWA varied with the choice of baseline and the definition of geographical boundaries. Using 2006 as a baseline and 2007 as a scenario, corn ethanol’s benefits were about 20% of the emissions of gasoline. If we expand geographical limits beyond Iowa, but assume the same emission rates for soybean production and land use changes as those in Iowa, then corn ethanol generated more GHG emissions than gasoline. These results highlight the importance of boundary definition for both LCA and SWA. Keywords: biofuels, corn ethanol, greenhouse gas, life cycle analysis, system-wide accounting.
Ant colony system (ACS) with hybrid local search to solve vehicle routing problems
Creators: name: Suphan Sodsoon
name: Savalee Uttra
name: Sombat Sindhuchao
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Vehicle routing problems, Ant colony system, Hybrid local search, Cross-exchange, Or-opt and 2-Opt algorithm

description: 1, 43, KKU Engineering Journal
Analytic epsilon-Expansion of the Scalar One-loop Bhabha Box Function
Creators: name: Fleischer, J.
name: Riemann, T.
name: Tarasov, O. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the first three terms of the epsilon-expansion of the scalar one-loop Bhabha box function from a representation in terms of three generalized hypergeometric functions, which is valid in arbitrary dimensions.
description: 12 pages, latex, uses appolb.cls; presented by J.F. at 27th International Conference of Theoretical Physics: Matter to the Deepest: Recent Developments in Physics of Fundamental Interactions (Ustron 03), Ustron, Poland, 15-21 Sep 2003
Analysis of discharge consistency and performance of a sugarcane billet planter with side-conveyer concept
Creators: name: Titinai Thienyaem
name: Khwantri Saengprachatanarug
name: Ueno, Masami
name: Taira Eizo
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Discharge index, Precision index, Field capacity, Field efficiency, Sugarcane planter

description: 1, 43, KKU Engineering Journal
A Solution to the de Sitter Swampland Conjecture versus Inflation Tension via Supergravity
Creators: name: Atli, Ugur
name: Guleryuz, Omer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The methods of supergravity allow us to derive a multi-field F-term potential. Using this, we denote a generic and non-positive single-field F-term potential. We insert our theory into the scalar-gravity part of the $SU(2,1|1)$ invariant superconformal action. That action leads us to a de Sitter solution at the inflationary trajectory. One can denote stabilization of fields in terms of the Kähler kinetic terms and single-field slow-roll inflation parameters. We combine these with the de Sitter swampland conjecture to generate a bounded conjecture. This approach allowed us to show that the single field slow-roll inflation works in harmony with bounded de Sitter conjecture for any concave inflation potential.
description: v2., new references and some clarifications added, version appeared in JCAP, 12 pages
PAMLR: A Passive-Active Multi-Armed Bandit-Based Solution for LoRa Channel Allocation
Creators: name: Yun, Jihoon
name: Li, Chengzhang
name: Arora, Anish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Achieving low duty cycle operation in low-power wireless networks in urban environments is complicated by the complex and variable dynamics of external interference and fading. We explore the use of reinforcement learning for achieving low power consumption for the task of optimal selection of channels. The learning relies on a hybrid of passive channel sampling for dealing with external interference and active channel sampling for dealing with fading. Our solution, Passive-Active Multi-armed bandit for LoRa (PAMLR, pronounced "Pamela"), balances the two types of samples to achieve energy-efficient channel selection: active channel measurements are tuned to an appropriately low level to update noise thresholds, and to compensate passive channel measurements are tuned to an appropriately high level for selecting the top-most channels from channel exploration using the noise thresholds. The rates of both types of samples are adapted in response to channel dynamics. Based on extensive testing in multiple environments in different cities, we validate that PAMLR can maintain excellent communication quality, as demonstrated by a low SNR regret compared to the optimal channel allocation policy, while substantially minimizing the energy cost associated with channel measurements.
description: BuildSys 23
A first estimate of $η/s$ in Au+Au reactions at E$_{\rm lab}=1.23$ $A$GeV
Creators: name: Reichert, Tom
name: Inghirami, Gabriele
name: Bleicher, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HADES experiment at GSI has recently provided data on the flow coefficients $v_1,...,v_4$ for protons in Au+Au reactions at $E_{\rm lab} = 1.23$~$A$GeV (or $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=2.4$ GeV). This data allows to estimate the shear viscosity over entropy ratio, $η/s$ at low energies via a coarse graining analysis of the UrQMD transport simulations of the flow harmonics in comparison to the experimental data. By this we can provide for the first time an estimate of $η/s\approx0.65\pm0.15$ (or $(8\pm2)\,(4π)^{-1}$) at such low energies.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Stability of Inhomogeneous Multi-Component Fermi Gases
Creators: name: Blume, D.
name: Rittenhouse, Seth T.
name: von Stecher, J.
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-component equal-mass Fermi gases, in which unlike atoms interact through a short-range two-body potential and like atoms do not interact, are stable even when the interspecies s-wave scattering length becomes infinitely large. Solving the many-body Schroedinger equation within a hyperspherical framework and by Monte Carlo techniques, this paper investigates how the properties of trapped two-component gases change if a third or fourth component are added. If all interspecies scattering lengths are equal and negative, our calculations suggest that both three- and four-component Fermi gases become unstable for a certain critical set of parameters. The relevant length scale associated with the collapse is set by the interspecies scattering length and we argue that the collapse is, similar to the collapse of an attractive trapped Bose gas, a many-body phenomenon. Furthermore, we consider a three-component Fermi gas in which two interspecies scattering lengths are negative while the other interspecies scattering length is zero. In this case, the stability of the Fermi system is predicted to depend appreciably on the range of the underlying two-body potential. We find parameter combinations for which the system appears to become unstable for a finite negative scattering length and parameter combinations for which the system appears to be made up of weakly-bound trimers that consist of one fermion of each species.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Food Aid and the WTO: Can New Rules Be Effective?
Creators: name: Cardwell, Ryan T.
name: Cardwell, Ryan T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agricultural trade
subject: development economics
subject: export competition
subject: food aid
subject: WTO

description: A new Agreement on Agriculture from the Doha Development Agenda negotiations is certain to contain binding rules on food aid shipments. Negotiating parties are concerned that food aid has been used as a form of export competition policy, and they seek the use of coercive WTO legislation to prevent the disposal of surplus agricultural commodities as food aid. Current Uruguay Round food aid guidelines are contrasted with the most recent Doha Development Agenda proposals, and the prospective effectiveness of new rules is assessed. Food aid rules will be difficult to enforce within the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding. Also, exogenous policy changes in donor countries are reducing the relevance of rules that target food aid as a means of surplus disposal. The future of international food aid governance in the event of a Doha Round collapse is also discussed.
Spectroelectrochemical behavior of parallel arrays of single vertically oriented Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells
Creators: name: R Cutri, Allison
name: Sundaresan, Vignesh
name: D Shrout, Joshua
name: Bohn, Paul W.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen responsible for a number of healthcare-associated infection. It is currently difficult to assess single cell behaviors of P. aeruginosa that might contribute to acquisition of antibiotic resistance, intercellular communication, biofilm development, or virulence, because mechanistic behavior is inferred from ensemble collections of cells, thus averaging effects over a population. Here, we develop and characterize a device that can capture and trap arrays of single P. aeruginosa cells in individual micropores in order to study their behaviors using spectroelectrochemistry. Focused ion beam milling is used to fabricate an array of micropores in a Au/dielectric/Au/SiO2-containing multilayer substrate, in which individual micropores are formed with dimensions that facilitate the capture of single P. aeruginosa cells in a predominantly vertical orientation. The bottom Au ring is then used as a working electrode to explore the spectroelectrochemical behavior of parallel arrays of individual P. aeruginosa cells. Application of step-potential or swept-potential waveforms produces changes in the fluorescence emission that can be imaged and correlated with applied potential. Arrays of P. aeruginosa cells typically exhibit three characteristic fluorescence behaviors that are sensitive to nutritional stress and applied potential. The device developed here enables the study of parallel collections of single bacterial cells with well-defined orientational order and should facilitate efforts to elucidate methods of bacterial communication and multidrug resistance at the single cell level.
Misaligned Supersymmetry and Open Strings
Creators: name: Cribiori, Niccolò
name: Parameswaran, Susha
name: Tonioni, Flavio
name: Wrase, Timm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of non-supersymmetric string theories is shedding light on an important corner of the string landscape and might ultimately explain why, so far, we did not observe supersymmetry in our universe. We review how misaligned supersymmetry in closed-string theories leads to a cancellation between bosons and fermions even in non-supersymmetric string theories. We then show that the same cancellation takes place for open strings by studying an anti-D$p$-brane placed on top of an O$p$-plane in type II string theory. Misaligned supersymmetry consists in cancellations between bosons and fermions at \emph{different} energy levels, in such a way that the averaged number of states grows at a rate dominated by a factor $\mathrm{e}^{C_{\mathrm{eff}}\sqrt{n}}$, with $C_{\mathrm{eff}}
description: 45 pages + one appendix + references. v2: minor corrections + references added; to appear on JHEP
Structural comparison of anodic nanoporous-titania fabricated from single-step and three-step of anodization using two paralleled-electrodes anodizing cell
Creators: name: Thabuot, Mallika
name: Chaiyaput Kruehong
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Anodization, Anodic titania, Nanotubes, Titanium, Porous structure

description: 1, 43, KKU Engineering Journal
Metrics for Benchmarking and Uncertainty Quantification: Quality, Applicability, and a Path to Best Practices for Machine Learning in Chemistry
Creators: name: Vishwakarma, Gaurav
name: Sonpal, Aditya
name: Hachmann, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This review aims to draw attention to two issues of concern when we set out to make machine learning work in the chemical and materials domain, i.e., statistical loss function metrics for the validation and benchmarking of data-derived models, and the uncertainty quantification of predictions made by them. They are often overlooked or underappreciated topics as chemists typically only have limited training in statistics. Aside from helping to assess the quality, reliability, and applicability of a given model, these metrics are also key to comparing the performance of different models and thus for developing guidelines and best practices for the successful application of machine learning in chemistry.
Schober, Theodor / Honecker, Martin / Dahlhaus, Horst: Evangelisches Soziallexikon
Creators: name: Kg.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 30 Nr. 1 (1981): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 30, Heft 1
Photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of ZnO powders prepared via sol-gel method
Creators: name: Weerachai Sangchay
name: Kornkanok Ubolchollakhat
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Photocatalytic activity, Antibacterial activity, ZnO powders, E. coil, Sol-gel method

description: 1, 43, KKU Engineering Journal
Crop-Based Biofuel Production under Acreage Constraints and Uncertainty
Creators: name: Baker, Mindy L.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Baker, Mindy L.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Political Economy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: biodiesel
subject: biofuels
subject: cellulosic
subject: dynamic
subject: ethanol
subject: general equilibrium
subject: Monte Carlo
subject: market

description: A myriad of policy issues and questions revolve around understanding the bioeconomy. To gain insight, we develop a stochastic and dynamic general equilibrium model and capture the uncertain nature of key variables such as crude oil prices and commodity yields. We also incorporate acreage limitations on key feedstocks such as corn, soybeans, and switchgrass. We make standard assumptions that investors are rational and engage in biofuel production only if returns exceed what they can expect to earn from alternative investments. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandates the use of 36 billion gallons of biofuels by 2022, with significant requirements for cellulosic biofuel and biodiesel production. We calculate the level of tax credits required to stimulate this level of production. Subsidies of nearly $2.50 per gallon to biodiesel and $1.86 per gallon to cellulosic biofuel were required, and long-run equilibrium commodity prices were high, with corn at $4.76 per bushel and soybeans at $13.01 per bushel. High commodity prices are due to intense competition for planted acres among the commodities.
Warped products and black holes
Creators: name: Hong, Soon-Tae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the warped product spacetime scheme to the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black holes and the Reissner-Nordström-anti-de Sitter black hole to investigate their interior solutions in terms of warped products. It is shown that there exist no discontinuities of the Ricci and Einstein curvatures across event horizons of these black holes.
description: 6 pages
Traversability of Multi-Boundary Wormholes
Creators: name: Balushi, Abdulrahim Al
name: Wang, Zhencheng
name: Marolf, Donald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the Gao-Jafferis-Wall construction of traversable two-sided wormholes to multi-boundary wormholes. In our construction, we take the background spacetime to be multi-boundary black holes in AdS$_3$. We work in the hot limit where the dual CFT state in certain regions locally resembles the thermofield double state. Furthermore, in these regions, the hot limit makes the causal shadow exponentially small. Based on these two features of the hot limit, and with the three-boundary wormhole as our main example, we show that traversability between any two asymptotic regions in a multi-boundary wormhole can be triggered using a double-trace deformation. In particular, the two boundary regions need not have the same temperature and angular momentum. We discuss the non-trivial angular dependence of traversability in our construction, as well as the effect of the causal shadow region.
description: v3, fixed some typos
Assessing the performance of Canada’s manufacturers : firm level evidence from 1902-1990
Creators: name: Keay, Ian E.M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis uses data collected from a sample of thirty-nine Canadian and thirty-nine American manufacturing firms to provide an empirical foundation for the assessment of the performance of Canadian manufacturers through most of the twentieth century. The unbalanced panel of Canadian firms covers the years 1907-1990. The unbalanced panel of American firms covers the years 1902-1990. To quantify the performance of Canadian manufacturers I measure relative technical efficiency by calculating the total factor productivity (T.F.P.) and labour, capital and intermediate input partial factor productivities of the Canadian firms in my sample relative to the American firms. On average I find that the Canadian firms have had lower labour productivity and intermediate input productivities, but superior capital productivity. When measuring the productivity of the entire production process simultaneously there appears to have been no consistent and substantial T.F.P. difference between the Canadian and American firms, on average. To explain the variation in the partial factor productivities between my Canadian and American firms I disaggregate the total variation into differences due to domestically unique input prices, output levels, biased technology and neutral technology. In general the Canadian firms appear to have been responding to lower labour and intermediate input prices and higher capital costs by using the relatively expensive inputs conservatively and the relatively inexpensive inputs liberally. The Canadian firms also appear to have been adapting their technology in response to the unique input market conditions they faced. The evidence that the Canadian firms in my sample were choosing input combinations and technology which reflected the domestic input prices they faced indicates behaviour consistent with competent entrepreneur ship. Additional evidence illustrating the Canadian producers' responsiveness to idiosyncratic and continental changes in their input market conditions reinforces the partial factor productivity evidence: The performance of the Canadian manufacturers' in my sample of firms, with respect to total factor productivity and responsiveness to domestic input market conditions, suggests that on average Canadian manufacturers have traditionally performed at least as well as their American counterparts.
Testing the Kerr Black Hole Hypothesis with GX 339-4 by a combined analysis of its thermal spectrum and reflection features
Creators: name: Tripathi, Ashutosh
name: Abdikamalov, Askar B.
name: Ayzenberg, Dimitry
name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Grinberg, Victoria
name: Zhou, Menglei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze simultaneous observations with NuSTAR and Swift of the black hole binary GX 339-4 in which we clearly detect both a strong thermal component and prominent relativistic reflection features. We employ NKBB and RELXILL_NK, which are the state of the art of, respectively, the thermal and reflection models to test the Kerr black hole hypothesis. We obtain unprecedented precise measurements of the Johannsen deformation parameter $α_{13}$: $α_{13} = -0.012_{-0.039}^{+0.011}$ (lamppost coronal geometry) and $α_{13} = -0.010_{-0.018}^{+0.024}$ (broken power-law emissivity profile) at a 90% confidence level, where the Kerr metric corresponds to $α_{13} = 0$. We investigate the systematic uncertainties by fitting the data with different models.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. v2: refereed version
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EU POLICIES – CHALLENGES FOR PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS
Creators: name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Heckelei, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Policy impact assessment
subject: agricultural partial equilibrium models
subject: Common Agricultural Policy

description: This paper gives an overview on current and prospective modelling challenges for agricultural partial equilibrium (PE) models focussing on EU policies. Starting from a certain policy context, the paper highlights the current capabilities and limitations of existing PE models and, if available, develops some ideas on future modelling directions to advance the usefulness of quantitative information provided.
Hybrid Printing of Fully Integrated Microfluidic Devices for Biosensing
Creators: name: Du, Yipu
name: Bohn, Paul W.
name: Zhang, Yanliang
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: The advent of 3D printing has facilitated the rapid fabrication of microfluidic devices that are accessible and cost-effective. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate sophisticated microfluidic devices with integrated structural and functional components due to limited material options of existing printing methods and their stringent requirement on feedstock material properties. Here, a multi-materials multi-scale hybrid printing method that enables seamless integration of a broad range of structural and functional materials into complex devices is reported. A fully printed and assembly-free microfluidic biosensor with embedded fluidic channels and functionalized electrodes at sub-100 µm spatial resolution for the amperometric sensing of lactate in sweat is demonstrated. The sensors present a sensitive response with a limit of detection of 442 nm and a linear dynamic range of 1-10 mm, which are performance characteristics relevant to physiological levels of lactate in sweat. The versatile hybrid printing method offers a new pathway toward facile fabrication of next-generation integrated devices for broad applications in point-of-care health monitoring and sensing.
On the Evolutionary Edge of Migration as an Assortative Mating Device
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Behrens, Doris A.
name: Wang, Yong
name: Stark, Oded
name: Behrens, Doris A.
name: Wang, Yong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Labor and Human Capital

description: In a haystack-type representation of a heterogeneous population that is evolving according to a payoff structure of a prisoner’s dilemma game, migration is modeled as a process of “swapping” individuals between heterogeneous groups of constant size after a random allocation fills the haystacks, but prior to mating. Migration is characterized by two parameters: an exogenous participation-in-migration cost (of search, coordination, movement, and arrangement-making) which measures the migration effort, and an exogenous technology - of coordinating and facilitating movement between populated haystacks and the colonization of currently unpopulated haystacks - which measures the migration intensity. Starting from an initially heterogeneous population that consists of both cooperators and defectors a scenario is postulated under which “programmed” migration can act as a mechanism that brings about a long-run survival of cooperation.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 02/27/08.
The Chromospheric Activity and Ages of M Dwarf Stars in Wide Binary Systems
Creators: name: Silvestri, Nicole M.
name: Hawley, Suzanne L.
name: Oswalt, Terry D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relationship between age and chromospheric activity for 139 M dwarf stars in wide binary systems with white dwarf companions. The age of each system is determined from the cooling age of its white dwarf component. The current limit for activity-age relations found for M dwarfs in open clusters is 4 Gyr. Our unique approach to finding ages for M stars allows for the exploration of this relationship at ages older than 4 Gyr. The general trend of stars remaining active for a longer time at later spectral type is confirmed. However, our larger sample and greater age range reveals additional complexity in assigning age based on activity alone. We find that M dwarfs in wide binaries older than 4 Gyr depart from the log-linear relation for clusters and are found to have activity at magnitudes, colors and masses which are brighter, bluer and more massive than predicted by the cluster relation. In addition to our activity-age results, we present the measured radial velocities and complete space motions for 161 white dwarf stars in wide binaries.
description: 22 pages including 9 figures and 5 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
CasiMedicos-Arg: A Medical Question Answering Dataset Annotated with Explanatory Argumentative Structures
Creators: name: Sviridova, Ekaterina
name: Yeginbergen, Anar
name: Estarrona, Ainara
name: Cabrio, Elena
name: Villata, Serena
name: Agerri, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Explaining Artificial Intelligence (AI) decisions is a major challenge nowadays in AI, in particular when applied to sensitive scenarios like medicine and law. However, the need to explain the rationale behind decisions is a main issue also for human-based deliberation as it is important to justify \textit{why} a certain decision has been taken. Resident medical doctors for instance are required not only to provide a (possibly correct) diagnosis, but also to explain how they reached a certain conclusion. Developing new tools to aid residents to train their explanation skills is therefore a central objective of AI in education. In this paper, we follow this direction, and we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first multilingual dataset for Medical Question Answering where correct and incorrect diagnoses for a clinical case are enriched with a natural language explanation written by doctors. These explanations have been manually annotated with argument components (i.e., premise, claim) and argument relations (i.e., attack, support), resulting in the Multilingual CasiMedicos-Arg dataset which consists of 558 clinical cases in four languages (English, Spanish, French, Italian) with explanations, where we annotated 5021 claims, 2313 premises, 2431 support relations, and 1106 attack relations. We conclude by showing how competitive baselines perform over this challenging dataset for the argument mining task.
description: 9 pages
Search for dark matter in association with an energetic photon in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for dark matter is conducted in final states containing a photon and missing transverse momentum in proton$-$proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The data, collected during 2015$-$2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. No deviations from the predictions of the Standard Model are observed and 95% confidence-level upper limits between 2.45 fb and 0.5 fb are set on the visible cross section for contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model, in different ranges of the missing transverse momentum. The results are interpreted as 95% confidence-level limits in models where weakly interacting dark-matter candidates are pair-produced via an s-channel axial-vector or vector mediator. Dark-matter candidates with masses up to 415 (580) GeV are excluded for axial-vector (vector) mediators, while the maximum excluded mass of the mediator is 1460 (1470) GeV. In addition, the results are expressed in terms of 95% confidence-level limits on the parameters of a model with an axion-like particle produced in association with a photon, and are used to constrain the coupling $g_{aZγ}$ of an axion-like particle to the electroweak gauge bosons.
description: 46 pages in total, author list starting page 24, 7 figures, 8 tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at: https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2018-63/
2007 Michigan Land Values and Leasing Rates
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Land is a natural resource that is valued for many reasons. Farmers utilize land to earn their livelihood and as a store of wealth for future retirement. Potential rural residents have increasingly sought open space for a home site and pursuit of a lifestyle. Developers seek financial opportunities to invest in and develop it for non-farm uses. Recreational needs are often met through use of land. For some, land is viewed as an investment and a hedge against inflation. This myriad of demands for land combined with its fixed supply continually alters its market price, which is a monetary measure of its perceived value.
Production of a chromium Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Griesmaier, Axel
name: Stuhler, Jürgen
name: Pfau, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation of chromium atoms [1] has opened longed-for experimental access to a degenerate quantum gas with long-range and anisotropic interaction. Due to the large magnetic moment of chromium atoms of 6 {$μ$}B, in contrast to other Bose- Einstein condensates (BECs), magnetic dipole-dipole interaction plays an important role in a chromium BEC. Many new physical properties of degenerate gases arising from these magnetic forces have been predicted in the past and can now be studied experimentally. Besides these phenomena, the large dipole moment leads to a breakdown of standard methods for the creation of a chromium BEC. Cooling and trapping methods had to be adapted to the special electronic structure of chromium to reach the regime of quantum degeneracy. Some of them apply generally to gases with large dipolar forces. We present here a detailed discussion of the experimental techniques which are used to create a chromium BEC and alow us to produce pure condensates with up to {$10^5$} atoms in an optical dipole trap. We also describe the methods used to determine the trapping parameters.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Effects on the Spectroelectrochemical Behavior of Single Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cells
Creators: name: R. Cutri, Allison
name: D. Shrout, Joshua
name: Bohn, Paul W.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing a wide range of diseases in immunocompromised patients. In order to better understand P. aeruginosa behavior and virulence and to advance drug therapies to combat infection, it would be beneficial to understand how P. aeruginosa cells survive stressful conditions, especially environmental stressors. Here, we report on a strategy that measures potential-dependent fluorescence of individual P. aeruginosa cells, as a sentinel, for cellular response to starvation, hunger, and oxidative stress. This is accomplished using a micropore electrode array capable of trapping large numbers of isolated, vertically oriented cells at well-defined spatial positions in order to study large arrays of single cells in parallel. We find that conditions promoting either starvation or oxidative stress produce discernible changes in the fluorescence response, demonstrated by an increase in the prevalence of fluorescence transients, one of three canonical spectroelectrochemical behaviors exhibited by single P. aeruginosa cells. In contrast, more modest nutrient limitations have little to no effect on the spectroelectrochemical response when compared to healthy cells in the stationary phase. These findings demonstrate the capabilities of micropore electrode arrays for studying the behavior of single microbial cells under conditions where the intercellular spacing, orientation, and chemical environment of the cells are controlled. Realizing single-cell studies under such well-defined conditions makes it possible to study fundamental stress responses with unprecedented control.
Lattice continuum-limit study of nucleon quasi-PDFs
Creators: name: Alexandrou, Constantia
name: Cichy, Krzysztof
name: Constantinou, Martha
name: Green, Jeremy R.
name: Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Manigrasso, Floriano
name: Scapellato, Aurora
name: Steffens, Fernanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-PDF approach provides a path to computing parton distribution functions (PDFs) using lattice QCD. This approach requires matrix elements of a power-divergent operator in a nucleon at high momentum and one generically expects discretization effects starting at first order in the lattice spacing $a$. Therefore, it is important to demonstrate that the continuum limit can be reliably taken and to understand the size and shape of lattice artifacts. In this work, we report a calculation of isovector unpolarized and helicity PDFs using lattice ensembles with $N_f=2+1+1$ Wilson twisted mass fermions, a pion mass of approximately 370 MeV, and three different lattice spacings. Our results show a significant dependence on $a$, and the continuum extrapolation produces a better agreement with phenomenology. The latter is particularly true for the antiquark distribution at small momentum fraction $x$, where the extrapolation changes its sign.
description: 24 pages, 21 figures. v2: additional references, discussion of systematics, and position-space comparison with phenomenology. v3: applied workaround for problem affecting Greek symbols in figures with some PDF viewers
Derived Demand for Cottonseed : Dairy Industry Component
Creators: name: Arguello, Priscilla B.
name: Malaga, Jaime E.
name: Chidmi, Benaissa
name: Belasco, Eric J.
name: Knight, Thomas O.
name: Lopez, Jose Antonio
name: Arguello, Priscilla B.
name: Malaga, Jaime E.
name: Chidmi, Benaissa
name: Belasco, Eric J.
name: Knight, Thomas O.
name: Lopez, Jose Antonio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Despite much research on feed grains and oilseeds little is known about the dairy industry's influence on aggregate cottonseed demand. A transcendental logarithmic production model with regional dummy variables is used to estimate the US dairy industry's derived demand for cottonseed meal, corn, alfalfa hay and other grains. Own-price and cross-price elasticities for the US dairy industry are estimated using a marginal approach.
Equilibrium First-Order Melting and Second-Order Glass Transitions of the Vortex Matter in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_8$
Creators: name: Beidenkopf, H.
name: Avraham, N.
name: Myasoedov, Y.
name: Shtrikman, H.
name: Zeldov, E.
name: Rosenstein, B.
name: Brandt, E. H.
name: Tamegai, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic $H-T$ phase diagram of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_8$ was mapped by measuring local \emph{equilibrium} magnetization $M(H,T)$ in presence of vortex `shaking'. Two equally sharp first-order magnetization steps are revealed in a single temperature sweep, manifesting a liquid-solid-liquid sequence. In addition, a second-order glass transition line is revealed by a sharp break in the equilibrium $M(T)$ slope. The first- and second-order lines intersect at intermediate temperatures, suggesting the existence of four phases: Bragg glass and vortex crystal at low fields, glass and liquid at higher fields.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Estimating price elasticities of food trade functions: How relevant is the gravity approach?
Creators: name: Femenia, Fabienne
name: Gohin, Alexandre
name: Femenia, Fabienne
name: Gohin, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Elasticities
subject: Trade
subject: Generalized Maximum Entropy
subject: Censored demand system

description: The main objective of the paper is related to the long standing issue of the econometric estimation of price elasticity of food trade functions. We investigate the relevance of the prominent gravity approach. This approach is based on the assumptions of symmetric, monotone, homothetic, CES preferences. We test all these assumptions using European intra trade of cheese. In a general way, all assumptions made on preferences by the gravity approach are not supported by our data set. The bias induced on the estimated price elasticities is not univocal.