cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Origins of Corruption Perceptions: An Epidemiological Approach
Creators: name: Juarez Jensen, Kim
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Culture, Institutions, Corruption Perceptions, Latin America.

description: Many Latin American countries have engaged in massive anti-corruption reforms in the past decade. Yet, these reforms have had very limited success in changing citizens’ perceptions of corruption in their respective countries. This calls into question the foundations of corruption perceptions and the dynamics that sustain them. This thesis is the first study to investigate the relative weight of institutions vis-à-vis culture for individual-level corruption perceptions. It does so using migration as a natural experiment that affords both institutional and cultural variation. Drawing data from the fifth round of the European Social Survey, this study finds no evidence that corruption perceptions are culturally stable or intergenerationally transmitted. Rather, it provides evidence that corruption perceptions are adaptive and malleable to institutional contexts. More specifically, it finds that if a person grows up in an institutionally corrupt country and moves to a less corrupt institutional context after their impressionable years, they are likely to adopt a more benign perception of corruption in the host country. The analysis ruled out the possibility of this effect being the result of socio-economic factors, education, discrimination in the country of residence, self-selection into economic sectors, or local country-level conditions. These results should spur optimism for anti-corruption crusaders in Latin America and around the world. The results suggest that fundamental institutional reform can in fact change individuals’ corruption perceptions – perceptions that are central to breaking out of suboptimal corruption equilibria.
Additional file 1 of Comprehensive Health Insurance and access to maternal healthcare services among Peruvian women: a cross-sectional study using the 2021 national demographic survey
Creators: name: Ramos Rosas, Eduardo
name: Winkler, Volker
name: Huicho, Luis
name: Blas, Magaly M.
name: Brenner, Stephan
name: De Allegri, Manuela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Science Policy
Cardiology

description: Additional file 1. Appendix A. Variables’ categorization. Appendix B. Disaggregated bivariate analysis for “Effective ANC- prevention, -education and -screening”. Appendix C. Logistic regression for “Six ANC visits” and ANC 6 and “Skilled attendance at birth”. Appendix D. Logistic regression for “Effective ANC prevention” and “Effective ANC education”. Appendix E. Logistic regression for “Effective ANC screening”.
Anthopleura sola and their UV Protection Mechanism
Creators: name: Dee, Gillian
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ultraviolet radiation
subject: Sea-anemones--Behavior
subject: Anthopleura sola

description: Ultraviolet radiation is dangerous to many animals and plants, some of whom have mechanisms of protection. I propose to study whether Anthopleura sola covers itself with shell fragments as UV protection. I have preliminarily done both an observational study and an experimental study. The observational study examines the relationship between anemones’ exposure to UV light and the percent shell cover they exhibit on the body column. The experimental study tested the alternative hypothesis that shells were a limiting factor in the areas with less shell fragments. Thus, the experimental study consisted of adding shells to the experimental quadrats and observing the change from pre-treatment to post-treatment in terms of percent shell cover. This study found no relationship between UV light and shell cover, but found a significant difference in the timing of shell cover before and after treatment.
Following the Money? The Impact of Educational Spending on Student Achievement in Saskatchewan, Canada
Creators: name: Paris, Julia
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Property tax
subject: Education--Finance
subject: High schools--Graduation requirements
subject: High school graduates--Rating of
subject: Saskatchewan
subject: Canada
subject: Property tax relief
subject: Public schools

description: The link between public school funding and student outcomes in the United States has been debated for years. In order to study the causal effects of per-student spending on academic achievement, researchers often study natural experiments caused by changes to school finance policies, which create shocks to individual districts’ funding levels. However, Canadian reforms have rarely been studied using these quasi-experimental methods. I supplement this literature, analyzing the effects of per-student expenditures on high school graduation rates and course completion in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan reformed its school finance laws between 2009 and 2012; I employ a difference-in-differences exposure model to evaluate the effects of these changes on students’ educational attainment. I find that a $1,000 increase in annual per-pupil expenditures leads to a 0.257 percentage-point increase in the share of students graduating high school within 3 years of beginning Grade 10. However, I find null effects on the share of students graduating high school within 5 years of beginning Grade 10, as well as the proportion of students attaining 8 course credits per year.
Separability of qubit-qudit quantum states with strong positive partial transposes
Creators: name: Ha, Kil-Chan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81P15, 15A30, 46L05

description: We show that all $2\otimes 4$ states with strong positive partial transposes (SPPT) are separable. We also construct a family of $2\otimes 5$ entangled SPPT states, so the conjecture on the separability of SPPT states are completely settled. In addition, we clarify the relation between the set of all $2\otimes d$ separable states and the set of all $2\otimes d$ SPPT states for the case of $d=3,4$.
description: 3 pages
Cloud Features and Zonal Wind Measurements of Saturn's Atmosphere as Observed by Cassini/VIMS
Creators: name: Choi, David S.
name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Brown, Robert H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of data about Saturn's atmosphere from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), focusing on the meteorology of the features seen in the 5-micron spectral window. We present VIMS mosaics and discuss the morphology and general characteristics of the features backlit by Saturn's thermal emission. We have also constructed a zonal wind profile from VIMS feature tracking observation sequences using an automated cloud feature tracker. Comparison with previously constructed profiles from Voyager and Cassini imaging data reveals broad similarities, suggesting minimal vertical shear of the zonal wind. However, areas of apparent wind shear are present in the VIMS zonal wind profile at jet stream cores. In particular, our analysis shows that the equatorial jet reaches speeds exceeding 450 m/s, similar to speeds obtained during the Voyager era. This suggests that recent inferences of relatively slower jet speeds of ~275-375 m/s are confined to the upper troposphere and that the deep (>1 bar) jet has not experienced a significant slowdown. Our measurements of the numerous dark, spotted features seen in the VIMS mosaics reveals that most of these features have diameters less than 1000 km and reside in confined zonal bands between jet stream cores. We propose that these spot features are vortices and that VIMS and ISS are sensing the same vortices at two different pressure levels. The local structure at the zonal jet streams remains complex, as VIMS may be sensing cloud features that are deeper than the NH3 cloud deck.
description: 34 pages, 11 figures
Angular distribution of thick-target bremsstrahlung produced by electrons with initial energies ranging from 10 to 20-keV incident on Ag
Creators: name: Gonzales, D.
name: Cavness, B.
name: Williams, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental results are presented comparing the intensity of the bremsstrahlung produced by electrons with initial energies ranging from 10 to 20-keV incident on a thick Ag target, measured at forward angles in the range 0 degrees to 55 degrees. When the data are corrected for attenuation due to photon absorption within the target, the results indicate that the detected radiation is distributed anisotropically only at photon energies, k, that are approximately equal to the initial energy of the incident electrons, Eo. The results of our experiments suggest that as k /Eo goes to 0, the detected radiation becomes essentially isotropic due primarily to the scattering of electrons within the target. A comparison to the theoretical work of Kissel et al. [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 28, 381 (1983)] suggests that the angular distribution of bremsstrahlung emitted by electrons incident on thick targets is similar to the angular distribution of bremsstrahlung emitted by electrons incident on free-atom targets only when k /Eo is approximately equal to 1. The experimental data are also in approximate agreement with the angular distribution predictions of the Monte Carlo program, PENELOPE.
description: Figures are shown on the last pages of the manuscript
Aire, Tierra y Fuego: Environmental Trauma and Grassroots Mobilization in Puerto Rico
Creators: name: Lopez , Raymundo
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Puerto Rico
subject: Identity
subject: Grassroots Mobilization
subject: Environment
subject: Intersectionality
subject: Ecofeminism
subject: Politics and government
subject: Social surveys

description: “It’s not easy. I cry at night. I cry in the bathroom [...] I have to be strong.” Those
are words uttered by Diana Fernandez. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, Hurricane María’s economic loss is estimated to be anywhere from US $43 to $159 billion. The cyclone leveled power grids, homes and other essential infrastructure in Puerto Rico. Scholarly work surrounding the impacts of hurricanes on the island have been widely documented. However, dedication to the storm’s effects on shaping social issues, identity, and political parties are seldom. This study applies text data of hurricane survivors and their testimonials, engages in empirical approaches to identity and leverages qualitative case studies of ecofeminism and the Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana to center gender disparities and grassroots mobilization in Puerto Rico. At its simplest, this study argues that environmental phenomena inform salient discourses of political status and social life on the island—because for many, like Diana Fernandez, life was, and still is, not easy.
LCAAJ audio for location 48118 (Ingolstadt, Germany)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Ingolstadt, Germany (48.766535, 11.425754)
Additional file 1 of Antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial isolates from clinical specimens referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute: analysis of 5-year data
Creators: name: Regassa, Belay Tafa
name: Tosisa, Wagi
name: Eshetu, Daniel
name: Beyene, Degefu
name: Abdeta, Abera
name: Assefa, Abebe
name: Shiferew, Dejene
name: Tasew, Geremew
name: Tulu, Begna
name: Awoke, Tadesse
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates.
Verb stem alternation in Sizang Chin narrative discourse
Creators: name: Davis, Tyler D.
Publisher: name: Payap University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Sizang
Siyin Chin
Kuki-Chin
Tibeto-Burman
Verb Stem Alternation

description: Sizang Chin (Northern Kuki-Chin, Tibeto-Burman) is spoken in Northern Chin State, Burma/Myanmar. It exhibits a form of ablaut commonly referred to as “verb stem alternation” within the Kuki-Chin literature. In verb stem alternation, one form of a verb (Stem I) occurs in certain environments and a secondary form (Stem II) occurs in other environments. Recently, this alternation has been classified as a correlation of agentivity, with Stem I denoting agentive voice and Stem II denoting nonagentive voice. However, the methodology used in that classification depended heavily upon elicited data and the categorization did not make a clear distinction between clausal-level phenomena and argument-level phenomena.

In order to observe verb stem alternation in a more natural environment, this study examines the correlation of verb stem alternation with foreground and background information in Sizang third-person narrative discourse. Foreground information refers to the clauses within a narrative that contain main events which advance the timeline. Background information refers to clauses that are not mainline events, but nonetheless add supporting information to the mainline events. The hypothesis for this study was that foreground information clauses would correlate with Stem I and background information clauses would correlate with Stem II. However, contrary to the hypothesis, the results demonstrate that the majority of background information clauses contain a Stem I verb and foreground information clauses sometimes contain Stem II verbs. This is because Stem II in Sizang Chin to indicates nominalization. Therefore, in both foreground and background information, Stem II is present in nominalized clauses, including adverbial clauses, complement clauses and applicative constructions.
description: © Tyler David Davis, 2017
Absence of static orbital current magnetism at the apical oxygen site in HgBa$_2$CuO$_{4+δ}$ from NMR
Creators: name: Mounce, A. M.
name: Oh, Sangwon
name: Lee, Jeongseop A.
name: Halperin, W. P.
name: Reyes, A. P.
name: Kuhns, P. L.
name: Chan, M. K.
name: Dorow, C.
name: Ji, L.
name: Xia, D.
name: Zhao, X.
name: Greven, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simple structure of HgBa$_2$CuO$_{4+δ}$ (Hg1201) is ideal among cuprates for study of the pseudogap phase as a broken symmetry state. We have performed $^{17}$O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on an underdoped Hg1201 crystal with transition temperature of 74 K to look for circulating orbital currents proposed theoretically and inferred from neutron scattering. The narrow spectra preclude static local fields in the pseudogap phase at the apical site, suggesting that the moments observed with neutrons are fluctuating. The NMR frequency shifts are consistent with a dipolar field from the Cu$^{+2}$ site.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
LCAAJ audio for location 48108 (Hainsfarth, Germany)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Hainsfarth, Germany (48.958554, 10.624574)
Verb stem alternation in Sizang Chin narrative discourse
Creators: name: Davis, Tyler D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Sizang
Siyin Chin
Kuki-Chin
Tibeto-Burman
Verb Stem Alternation

description: Sizang Chin (Northern Kuki-Chin, Tibeto-Burman) is spoken in Northern Chin State, Burma/Myanmar. It exhibits a form of ablaut commonly referred to as “verb stem alternation” within the Kuki-Chin literature. In verb stem alternation, one form of a verb (Stem I) occurs in certain environments and a secondary form (Stem II) occurs in other environments. Recently, this alternation has been classified as a correlation of agentivity, with Stem I denoting agentive voice and Stem II denoting nonagentive voice. However, the methodology used in that classification depended heavily upon elicited data and the categorization did not make a clear distinction between clausal-level phenomena and argument-level phenomena. In order to observe verb stem alternation in a more natural environment, this study examines the correlation of verb stem alternation with foreground and background information in Sizang third-person narrative discourse. Foreground information refers to the clauses within a narrative that contain main events which advance the timeline. Background information refers to clauses that are not mainline events, but nonetheless add supporting information to the mainline events. The hypothesis for this study was that foreground information clauses would correlate with Stem I and background information clauses would correlate with Stem II. However, contrary to the hypothesis, the results demonstrate that the majority of background information clauses contain a Stem I verb and foreground information clauses sometimes contain Stem II verbs. This is because Stem II in Sizang Chin to indicates nominalization. Therefore, in both foreground and background information, Stem II is present in nominalized clauses, including adverbial clauses, complement clauses and applicative constructions.
description: © Tyler David Davis, 2017
New uniform and asymptotic upper bounds on the tensor rank of multiplication in extensions of finite fields
Creators: name: Pieltant, Julia
name: Randriam, Hugues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H05 (Primary) 11Y16, 12E20 (Secondary)

description: We obtain new uniform upper bounds for the (non necessarily symmetric) tensor rank of the multiplication in the extensions of the finite fields $\F_q$ for any prime or prime power $q\geq2$; moreover these uniform bounds lead to new asymptotic bounds as well. In addition, we also give purely asymptotic bounds which are substantially better by using a family of Shimura curves defined over $\F_q$, with an optimal ratio of $\F_{q^t}$-rational places to their genus where $q^t$ is a square.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1107.1184, arXiv:1003.1864
Co-medication of insulin and metformin in type 1 (LADA) diabetes: Case report
Creators: name: Nelson, Warrick R
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Type 1 diabetes (autoimmune, T1D), including the latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) variant, is managed by injecting insulin to a target glycaemic range. Co-medication with metformin is not common but might reduce hepatic glycogenolysis and insulin resistance, thus improving glucose control with a reduced insulin dosage.

Reduced insulin use is associated with reduced risk for hypoglycaemia and weight gain, as well as being less expensive.

In this case report, 500mg of metformin daily showed a marked reduction of insulin requirement by about 10 IU per day. However, it produced no clear evidence of reduced mid-morning glucose peak. Published trials suggest a similar reduction in insulin requirement, but using 1000-2000 mg metformin per day.

Co-medication of low dose metformin reduced the total daily insulin requirement as effectively as higher doses.
Japan’s Economic Partnership Agreement Healthcare Worker Programs as a Tool for “Soft Diplomacy”
Creators: name: Wang, Xinyi
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: EPA

description: Japan is facing rapid depopulation and population ageing. With a shrinking domestic workforce and a growing share of elderly population in the country, Japan is expecting a huge shortage of manpower, especially in the expanding care sector. Prior to 2008, the Japanese healthcare labor market has been closed to immigrant workers. However, beginning in 2008, Japan started to accept Southeast Asian nurses and care workers under Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA) with three countries:  Vietnam, Philippines, and Indonesia.  Logically, one may suppose that this is a gesture of Japan opening its care market to foreign professionals. The scale of the acceptance of Southeast Asian nurses and care workers under EPA -- only a few hundred people per year -- is too small to have any measurable impact on the labor shortage of care workers” The minuscule scale of the EPA program has not expanded over a decade, and the fact that most foreign healthcare workers return to their home countries after participating in the program means that the EPA program is clearly not intended as a solution to the labor shortage. Moreover, although the program was implemented as an “Economic Partnership Agreement,” and despite the Japanese government insisting that acceptance of foreign nurses and care workers under EPA is designed to promote international economic cooperation, the program per se does not deliver substantial economic gains to any party involved. The thesis therefore attempts to answer the question: “why does Japan continue to accept Southeast Asian nurses and care workers under EPA?” Inspired by the patterns of Japan’s soft power foreign diplomacy in the latter half of the 20th century, the thesis finds a potential explanation for the continuation of the program: soft diplomacy, i.e. activities that help foster positive feelings among foreign citizens towards the country (Japan).
Variability of Water and Oxygen Absorption Bands in the Disk-Integrated Spectra of the Earth
Creators: name: Fujii, Yuka
name: Turner, Edwin L.
name: Suto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the variability of major atmospheric absorption features in the disk-integrated spectra of the Earth with future application to Earth-analogs in mind, concentrating on the diurnal timescale. We first analyze observations of the Earth provided by the EPOXI mission, and find 5-20% fractional variation of the absorption depths of H2O and O2 bands, two molecules that have major signatures in the observed range. From a correlation analysis with the cloud map data from the Earth Observing Satellite (EOS), we find that their variation pattern is primarily due to the uneven cloud cover distribution. In order to account for the observed variation quantitatively, we consider a simple opaque cloud model, which assumes that the clouds totally block the spectral influence of the atmosphere below the cloud layer, equivalent to assuming that the incident light is completely scattered at the cloud top level. The model is reasonably successful, and reproduces the EPOXI data from the pixel-level EOS cloud/water vapor data. A difference in the diurnal variability patterns of H2O and O2 bands is ascribed to the differing vertical and horizontal distribution of those molecular species in the atmosphere. On the Earth, the inhomogeneous distribution of atmospheric water vapor is due to the existence of its exchange with liquid and solid phases of H2O on the planet's surface on a timescale short compared to atmospheric mixing times. If such differences in variability patterns were detected in spectra of Earth-analogs, it would provide the information on the inhomogeneous composition of their atmospheres.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Collaborative Welding and Joint Sealing Robots With Haptic Feedback
Creators: name: Brosque, Cynthia
name: Galbally, Elena
name: Chen, Yuxiao
name: Joshi, Ruta
name: Khatib, Oussama
name: Fischer, Martin
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics
subject: Construction
subject: Haptic devices
subject: Human-Robot Collaboration
subject: Robotic Manioulation
subject: Tactile Feedback

description: Due to their unstructured and dynamic nature, construction sites present many challenges for robotic automation of tasks. Integrating
human-robot collaboration (HRC) is critical for task success and implementation feasibility. This is particularly important for contact-rich tasks and other complex scenarios which require a level of reasoning that cannot be accomplished by a fully autonomous robot. Currently, many solutions rely on precise teleoperation that requires one operator per robot. Alternatively, one operator may oversee several semi-autonomous robots. However, the operators do not have the sensory feedback needed to adequately leverage their expertise and craftsmanship. Haptic interfaces allow for intuitive human-robot collaboration by providing rich contact feedback. This paper presents two human-robot collaboration solutions for welding and joint sealing through the use of a haptic device. Our approach allows for seamless transitions between autonomous robot capabilities and human intervention with rich contact feedback. Additionally, this work opens the door to intuitive programming of new tasks through haptic human demonstration.
LCAAJ audio for location 48104 (Ichenhausen, Germany)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Ichenhausen, Germany (48.372737, 10.308488)
Limitations of the Intellectual Borders created by the Human Rights Field: A Fractal Exploration of Drummond in Chiriguaná, Colombia
Creators: name: Smith, Hannah
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Colombia
subject: Land use--Environmental aspects--History

description: Drummond is a powerful coal mining company operating in Chiriguaná, Colombia. Based in Alabama, the corporation ranked in 2018 as 165th on Forbes’ list of America’s Largest Private Companies. The coal the company mines is barely used in Colombia – the country exports 92% of the coal it produces. In the United States human rights field, Drummond is famous for allegedly hiring the AUC paramilitary to murder three of its union leaders. In the human rights reports on Drummond, this event is detailed only within the context of Colombia’s internal armed conflict. This thesis aims to widen the lens, exploring Drummond’s presence in Chiriguaná through an intersectional approach based in border theory and environmental history. In doing so, it argues that the limited perspective of human rights reports reproduces the arbitrary borders that help create the conditions for the very abuses the field denounces. The thesis concludes by imagining alternative practices for the human rights field that are based in connectedness rather than separation.
Dramatic Evolution of the Disk-Shaped Secondary in the Orion Trapezium Star Theta1 Ori B1 (BM Ori): MOST Satellite Observations
Creators: name: Windemuth, Diana
name: Herbst, William
name: Tingle, Evan
name: Fuechsl, Rachel
name: Kilgard, Roy
name: Pinette, Melanie
name: Templeton, Matthew
name: Henden, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eclipsing binary Theta1 Orionis B1, variable star designation BM Ori, is the faintest of the four well-known Trapezium stars at the heart of the Orion Nebula. The primary is a B3 star (~6Msun) but the nature of the secondary (~2Msun) has long been mysterious, since the duration and shape of primary eclipse are inappropriate for ordinary stars. Here we report nearly continuous photometric observations obtained with the MOST satellite over ~4 cycles of the 6.47d binary period. The light curve is of unprecedented quality, revealing a deep, symmetric primary eclipse as well as a clear reflection effect and secondary eclipse. In addition, there are other small disturbances, some of which repeat at the same phase over the four cycles monitored. The shape of the primary light curve has clearly evolved significantly over the past 40 yr. While its overall duration and depth have remained roughly constant, the slopes of the descent and ascent phases are significantly shallower now than in the past and its distinctive flat-bottomed "pseudo-totality" is much less obvious or even absent in the most recent data. We further demonstrate that the primary eclipse was detected at X-ray wavelengths during the Chandra COUP study. The light curve continues to be well modeled by a self-luminous and reflective disk-shaped object seen nearly edge-on orbiting the primary. The dramatic change in shape over four decades is modeled as an opacity variation in a tenuous outer envelope or disk of the secondary object. We presume that the secondary is an extremely young protostar at an earlier evolutionary phase than can be commonly observed elsewhere in the Galaxy and that the opacity variations observed are related to its digestion of some accreted matter over the last 50-100 yr. Indeed, this object deserves continued observational and theoretical attention as the youngest known eclipsing binary system.
Additional file 1 of Erythrocyte–brain endothelial interactions induce microglial responses and cerebral microhemorrhages in vivo
Creators: name: Zhang, Hai
name: Sumbria, Rachita K.
name: Chang, Rudy
name: Sun, Jiahong
name: Cribbs, David H.
name: Holmes, Todd C.
name: Fisher, Mark J.
name: Xu, Xiangmin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Images of RBC stalls in mice injected with t-BHP-treated but not PBS-treated RBC. Figure S2. Additional examples of t-BHP-treated RBC stalls in vessels at 4 h and the clearance of the stalled RBC at 24 h after injection. Figure S3. Example of dramatic RBC stalls in cerebral capillaries in the brain sections of t-BHP-treated RBC-injected mice. Figure S4. Additional examples of Prussian blue-positive stains in mice injected with PBS- and t-BHP-treated RBC at 24 h and 7 days after RBC injection.
Equilibration of Small and Large Subsystems in Field Theories and Matrix Models
Creators: name: Lashkari, Nima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently shown that small subsystems of finite quantum systems generically equilibrate. We extend these results to infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces of field theories and matrix models. We consider a quench setup, where initial states are chosen from a microcanonical ensemble of finite energy in free theory, and then evolve with an arbitrary non-perturbative Hamiltonian. Given a dynamical assumption on the expectation value of particle number density, we prove that small subsystems reach equilibrium at the level of quantum wave-function, and with respect to all observables. The picture that emerges is that at higher energies, larger subsystems can reach equilibrium. For bosonic fields on a lattice, in the limit of large number of bosons per site, all subsystem smaller than half equilibrate. In the Hermitian matrix model, by contrast, this occurs in the limit of large energy per matrix element, emphasizing the importance of the $O(N^2)$ energy scale for the fast scrambling conjecture. Applying our techniques to continuum field theories on compact spaces, we show that the density matrix of small momentum-space observables equilibrate. Finally, we discuss the connection with scrambling, and provide a sufficient condition for a time-independent Hamiltonian to be a scrambler in terms of the entanglement entropy of its energy eigenstates.
Solitary vortices supported by localized parametric gain
Creators: name: Huang, Changming
name: Ye, Fangwei
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Chen, Xianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the existence and stability of bright vortex solitons sustained by a ring-shaped parametric gain, for both focusing and defocusing Kerr nonlinearities in lossy optical media. With the defocusing nonlinearity, the vortices are stable at all values of the detuning parameter, while under the focusing nonlinearity their stability region is limited to some positive values of the detuning. Unstable vortices in the focusing medium transform into stable rotating azimuthons.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Optics Letters
LCAAJ audio for location 48085 (Rexingen, Germany)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Rexingen, Germany (48.901148, 7.179706)
LCAAJ audio for location 48078 (Duppigheim, France)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Duppigheim, France (48.527642, 7.590168)
O Magrebe Além dos Mares: The Origins of a Brazilian al-Mahjar at the Limits of Modernity
Creators: name: Rubene dos Santos, Nathan
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: al-mahjar
subject: arab diaspora
subject: arab literature
subject: immigration to brazil
subject: lebanese brazilians
subject: al-nahda
subject: Nostalgia
subject: Liga Andaluza de Letras Árabes

description: This capstone project is intended to provide a synthesis of major historiographical approaches to the emergence of al-Mahjar (the Arab diasporic literary tradition) in Brazil at the turn of the 20th century, with a particular focus on the efforts of Lebanese-identifying writers, artists, and intellectuals in disseminating Arabic-language materials through subscription-based printed media. Beginning with an investigation of elite Brazilian attitudes towards Arabs and the Arab world before the republican revolution, the paper subsequently delineates the theoretical foundations of diaspora literature in al-Nahda (the Arab Renaissance) and the mythic-historical topos of medieval al-Andalus. The legacy of the movement’s most widely-circulated magazine, the Liga Andaluza de Letras Árabes, is analyzed for its unique depiction of migrant nostalgia and its relevance to the aesthetic mechanisms by which the first and second generation of Lebanese-Brazilians represented themselves as patriotic Brazilian citizens. Lastly, the literary output of the contemporary author Georges Bourdoukan is given special attention for its nuanced navigation of Lebanese-Brazilian identity following the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990).
The Evolving Flow of Jupiter's White Ovals and Adjacent Cyclones
Creators: name: Choi, David S.
name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Vasavada, Ashwin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results regarding the dynamical meteorology of Jupiter's White Ovals at different points in their evolution. Starting from the era with three White Ovals FA, BC, and DE (Galileo), continuing to the post-merger epoch with only one Oval BA (Cassini), and finally to Oval BA's current reddened state (New Horizons), we demonstrate that the dynamics of their flow have similarly evolved along with their appearance. The northern periphery of Oval BA increased in speed by 20 m/s from Cassini to New Horizons, ending up at a speed nearly identical to that of the northern periphery of Oval DE during Galileo. However, the peak speeds along the southern rim of the newly formed Oval BA were consistently faster than the corresponding speeds in Oval DE, and they increased still further between Cassini and New Horizons, ending up at ~140 to 150 m/s. The modest strengthening of the winds in Oval BA, the appearance of red aerosols, and the appearance of a turbulent, cyclonic feature to Oval BA's northwest create a strong resemblance with the Great Red Spot from both a dynamical and morphological perspective. In addition to the White Ovals, we also measure the winds within two compact cyclonic regions, one in the Galileo data set and one in the Cassini data set. In the images, these cyclonic features appear turbulent and filamentary, but our wind field reveals that the flow manifests as a coherent high-speed collar surrounding relatively quiescent interiors. Although less studied than their anticyclonic cousins, these cyclones may offer crucial insights into the planet's cloud-level energetics and dynamical meteorology.
description: 38 pages, 9 figures
LCAAJ audio for location 48077 (Westhoffen, France)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Westhoffen, France (48.60343, 7.442142)
title: Uma profissionalidade reclamada no 1º ciclo do ensino básico
Creators: name: Pimenta, Paulo
name: Pereira, Fátima
Publisher: name: Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Escola Superior de Educação e Ciências Sociais
Year: 2016

description: O estudo decorre de um processo de reflexão crítica dos seus autores sobre as reconfigurações que ocorrem na profissionalidade docente, num contexto de modernidade tardia. Utilizando como material empírico reflexões individuais escritas e discursos orais produzidos em grupo no desenvolvimento de um conjunto de sessões de reflexão sobre a prática, envolvendo professoras do 1º ciclo do ensino básico (CEB) num agrupamento de escolas, orientadas por um dos investigadores, os autores tentam compreender quais os sentidos que a autonomia profissional está a tomar e como se está a reconfigurar o papel do profissional reflexivo. Na interpretação de dados ficou patente que as professoras refletem sobre diversos temas e problemas para resolver situações que estão muitas vezes relacionadas com uma racionalidade técnica. No entanto, a reflexão é usada igualmente em situações que envolvem preocupações pedagógicas, éticas, culturais e de desenvolvimento pessoal, fundadas na sua prática pedagógica, e que legitimam opiniões marcadas sobre as mais diversas temáticas. Como conclusão fica patente que o grupo profissional dos professores do 1.º CEB poderá assumir-se como agência através das suas reflexões fundadas no calor da prática e que lhe conferem uma identidade própria, rejeitando os discursos sobre eles, passando eles próprios a ser os portadores da sua própria narração, tendo em vista uma oportunidade de mudança.
Additional file 1 of Patients’ perspectives and preferences toward telemedicine versus in-person visits: a mixed-methods study on 1226 patients
Creators: name: Moulaei, Khadijeh
name: Sheikhtaheri, Abbas
name: Fatehi, Farhad
name: Shanbehzadeh, Mostafa
name: Bahaadinbeigy, Kambiz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file1. Patients’ perspectives and preferences toward telemedicine versus in-person visits.
Performance Analysis of Novel Propellant Oxidizers using Molecular Modelling and Nozzle Flow Simulations
Creators: name: Biswas, Pujan
name: Kumar, Sudarshan
name: Kumbhakarna, Neeraj
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Propulsion, Propellants, Flow simulation, Supersonic nozzle

description: Search for alternate fuels for improvement in rocket engine performance is a topic of ever-growing interest and discussion in the research community. The primary target of this paper is to present novel compounds in view of their possible use as oxidizers in propulsion applications using molecular modeling calculations and supersonic flow simulations. Carbon-based heterocyclic compounds tend to have strained molecular structures leading to high heats of formation and energetic behavior. In the present work, molecular modeling calculations for molecules of 37 such potential propellant oxidizers are presented. Density functional theory (B3LYP) was employed for the geometry optimization of the proposed molecular structures using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set.
Heats of formation of the compounds were calculated using the molecular modeling results. Appropriate propellant compositions were considered with the proposed compounds as oxidizer components and Ideal specific impulse (Ivac,ideal*) was calculated for each composition assuming isentropic flow, computed using the NASA CEA software package. To predict the actual delivered specific impulse (Ivac,act*), supersonic nozzle flow simulations of equilibrium product gases of each propellant composition have been carried out using OpenFOAM. The standard k-epsilon turbulence model for compressible flows including rapid distortion theory (RDT) based compression term, has been employed. As the problem is inherently transient in nature, local time stepping (LTS)
methodology has been further implemented to reach a steady-state solution. These simulations accounted for divergence losses, turbulence losses and boundary layer losses and gave a more realistic estimation of the specific impulse. It was observed that the Ivac,act* for all propellant compositions lie between 88% to 91% of the corresponding ideal value. The newly proposed oxidizers showed considerable improvement in propulsion performance as compared to ammonium perchlorate which is currently the most widely used oxidizer in solid rocket motors. The maximum improvement observed in Isp was 24 s.
On the Generalized Bloch Precession Equations
Creators: name: Stoeckmann, Hans-Juergen
name: Dubbers, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bloch equations, which describe spin precession and relaxation in external magnetic fields, can be generalized to include the evolution of polarization tensors of various ranks in arbitrary multipole fields. The derivation of these generalized Bloch equations can be considerably simplified by using a particular bra-ket notation for irreducible tensors.
description: 5 pages
Exploring the Mechanism Underlying the Covering behavior of Anthopleura sola
Creators: name: Peterson, Nana Ansuah
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anthopleura sola
subject: Intertidal animals--Behavior

description: Some rocky intertidal organisms cover themselves with shells, shell fragments and gravel to protect against biotic and abiotic stressors (Peura et. al 2013, Dumont et. al 2007, Hart and Crowe 1977). What are the mechanisms that underlie this covering behavior? How do these fragments attach to the bodies of intertidal invertebrates that exhibit this behavior? Results of preliminary studies calculating attachment tenacities from fragment area and detachment forces for Anthopleura sola found in the rocky shores of the Hopkins Marine Station are presented in this paper as a first step towards investigating suction as one of two potential mechanisms underlying covering behavior in A. sola. Average tenacity measured in the field was lower than atmospheric pressure, as consistent with suction. Attachment tenacities measured in muscle-relaxed A. sola in the lab were above zero Pa and thus, inconsistent with a suction mechanism. Studies were proposed to further investigate the feasibility of suction as the attachment mechanism and to explore A. sola mucus as an adhesive secretion for fragment attachment.
Encapsulation of a fiber taper coupled microtoroid resonator in a polymer matrix
Creators: name: Monifi, Faraz
name: Ozdemir, Sahin Kaya
name: Friedlein, Jacob
name: Yang, Lan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We encapsulated a high-quality (Q) factor optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) microtoroid resonator together with its side coupled fiber taper inside a low refractive index polymer, achieving a final Q higher than 10^7. Packaging provides stable resonator-fiber taper coupling, long-term maintenance of high-Q, a protective layer against contaminants, and portability to microtoroid resonator based devices. We tested the robustness of the packaged device under various conditions and demonstrated its capability for thermal sensing.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 20 references
Causal Distillation for Language Models
Creators: name: Wu, Zhengxuan
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Natural language processing (Computer science)

description: Distillation efforts have led to language models that are more compact and efficient without serious drops in performance. The standard approach to distillation trains a student model against two objectives: a task-specific objective (e.g., language modeling) and an imitation objective that encourages the hidden states of the student model to be similar to those of the larger teacher model. In this paper, we show that it is beneficial to augment distillation with a third objective that encourages the student to imitate the causal computation process of the teacher through interchange intervention training(IIT). IIT pushes the student model to become a causal abstraction of the teacher model - a simpler model with the same causal structure. IIT is fully differentiable, easily implemented, and combines flexibly with other objectives. Compared with standard distillation of BERT, distillation via IIT results in lower perplexity on Wikipedia (masked language modeling) and marked improvements on the GLUE benchmark (natural language understanding), SQuAD (question answering), and CoNLL-2003 (named entity recognition).