Brasineura diamantina Silva-Neto & Garcia Aldrete
Creators: name: Lima, Daniel Moura
name: Neto, Alberto Moreira da Silva
name: García-Aldrete, Alfonso Neri
name: Bravo, Freddy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Psocodea
Ptiloneuridae
Brasineura
Brasineura diamantina

description: Brasineura diamantina Silva‑Neto & García Aldrete (Figs. 1‑8).    
 Brasineura diamantina Silva-Neto & García Aldrete 2015: 171, Figs. 1-7; Silva-Neto & García Aldrete 2016 (catalog); Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael 2016b: 445 (taxonomy); Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael 2016c: 80 (phylogeny); Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael 2018: 547 (taxonomy).   
 Revised diagnosis. Forewing vein M with 4-7 primary branches; hindwing vein M with 2-5 primary branches. Hypandrium anteriorly concave with border strongly sclerotized and triangular distally (fig. 6 in Silva-Neto & Garcia Aldrete, 2015); phallosome with external parameres not forked, distally with a small tripartite area heavily sclerotized; three pairs of endophallic sclerites; an antero-mesal pair long, slender, proximally almost touching in the middle, bearing a row of small spines, distally pointed; a posterior pair wide based, narrowing distally, then curving distally to a pointed apex; antero-lateral pair short, widest in the middle, narrowing to the ends (fig. 7 in Silva-Neto & Garcia Aldrete, 2015); ninth sternum with an anterior area almost elliptic, slightly concave in the middle, anteriorly and posteriorly; mesal area wide, transverse, with inner margin almost trapezoidal and antero-lateral corners narrowing posteriorly, with apices acuminate; a posterior area with numerous small lines, proximally wide, narrowing posteriorly (Fig. 6); gonapophyses with six large setae on outer lob (Fig. 7).   
 Description of the female   
 Color: Body pale yellow, with brown and pale brown areas as indicated below. Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline, with ochre centripetal crescents; head pattern (Fig. 1); a brown band on vertex, from each compound eye to upper part of ocellar group; a brown irregular band between compound eyes, limited posteriorly by the postclypeus; each gena with a brown band from low- er compound eye to subgenal sulcus. Scape, pedicel and f1 pale brown, f2-f4 brown. Maxillary palps pale yellow, Mx4 more pigmented distally. Legs with coxae yellow; trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsomeres pale brown. Forewings almost hyaline, as illustrated in Fig. 2; a brown spot on confluence of Cu2-1A; veins brown. Hindwing (Fig. 3) almost hyaline throughout, veins brown.   
 Morphology: Compound eyes without interommatidial setae (Fig. 1). Outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with five denticles and distally markedly sclerotized (Fig. 4). Forewing pterostigma elongate, constricted proximally, wider in the middle. Areola postica tall, wide basally, triangular, with apex rounded; vein M with five primary branches, M5 distally forked, resulting in M5a and M5b (Fig. 2; see also variation of the other females below). Hindwing Rs-M joined for a distance, Rs, R₂ ₊ ₃ and R₄ ₊ ₅ almost straight, M vein 2-branched (Fig. 3; see also variation of the other females below). Subgenital plate broad, wide basally, with sides converging towards a straight posterior border, pigmented area wide, V-shaped, setae as illustrated in Fig. 5. Ninth sternum (Fig. 6) broad, with three distinct areas, an anterior area weakly sclerotized, almost elliptic, slightly concave in the middle, anteriorly and posteriorly; a mesal area heavily sclerotized, wide, transverse, with inner margin almost trapezoidal and antero-lateral corners narrowing posteriorly, with apices acuminate; a posterior área with numerous small lines, proximally wide, narrowing posteriorly. Gonapophyses: v1 stoutest near its base rather than in the middle and distally acuminate; outer edge and ends heavily sclerotized; v2 + 3 broad, narrowing at the ends, with long, almost rectangular heel, distally blunt; six setae on out- er lobe, distal process slender, short and distally lightly acuminate (Fig. 7). Epiproct triangular, with three mesal setae, other setae as illustrated in Fig. 8. Paraprocts almost triangular, broad, sensory fields with 27 trichobothria on basal rosettes; setae as illustrated in Fig. 8.   
 Measurements (in microns): FW: 4660, HW: 3284, F: 1235, T: 2138, t1: 832, t2: 88, t3: 133, f1: 990, f2: 1044, f3: 913, f4: 970, Mx4: 315, IO: 478, D: 448, d: 294, PO: 0.66.   
 Below are the additional specimens (9 females and 22 males) that presented the pattern of fore-hindwing veins identical to the female described above and to the holotype of B. diamantina (see figures 2 and 3 in Silva- Neto & García Aldrete, 2015).   
 Material examined: Females: 2 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina,Abaíra, Catolés de Cima, Cachoeira Pinga Pinga. 07°08’07.2”S, 35°47’17.8”W. 01.xi.2013. Light trap. Nascimento et al., 5 (including the female described above) of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva, Corrego Boiadeiro, 13°00’S, 41°22”W. Malaise 4. vii.2015. 3 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Piatã, Cachoeira do Patricio. 13°05’13”S, 41°51’10”W. 05.xi.2013. Menezes, E. Light trap. Males: 10 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Abaíra, Catolés de Cima, Cachoeira Pinga Pinga. 07°08’07.2”S, 35°47’17.8”W. 01.xi.2013. Light trap. Nascimento et al., 7 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva, Corrego Boiadeiro, 13°00’S, 41°22”W. Malaise 4. vii.2015. 2 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Piatã, Cachoeira do Patricio. 13°05’13”S, 41°51’10”W. 05.xi.2013. Menezes, E. Light trap. 2 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva. 12°57’585”S, 41°20’495”W. Ligth trap. iii.2018. Vanine & Daniel. 1 of Brazil, Bahia, Andaraí, Igatu, Rio Coisa Boa. 12°53’33.7”S, 41°18’58.8”W. 11.iii.2011. Luz. Calor, A. Camelier, P. Zanata, A.   
 Variations and anomalies in the fore‑ and hindwing veins of males   
 Below, the 34 different types of variations and anomalies, of the fore- and hindwing veins, found in males and females of B. diamantina are described:   
 Type 1. Forewing M with four primary branches, without secondary branches (variation) (Fig. 9).   
 Type 2. Forewing M with four primary branches, M₄ forked resulting in M₄ a and M₄ b (variation) (Fig. 10).   
 Type 3. Forewing M with four primary branches, M₂ and M₄ forked, resulting in M₂ a, M₂ b, M₄ a and M₄ b (variation) (Fig. 11).   
 Type 4. Forewing M with four primary branches, M₃ forked and M₄ forked distally, resulting in M₃ a, M₃ b, M₄ a and M₄ b; R₂ ₊ ₃ forked, with R₂ connect- ed to pterostigma and this with a transverse vein (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 12).   
 Type 5. Forewing M with five primary branches, without secondary branches (variation) (Fig. 13).   
 Type 6. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₃ and M₅ forked, resulting in M₃ a, M₃ b, M₅ a and M₅ b (variation) (Fig. 14).   
 Type 7. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₂ and M₅ forked, resulting in M₂ a, M₂ b, M₅ a and M₅ b (variation) (Fig. 15).   
 Type 8. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₂ forked resulting in M₂ a, M₂ b and M₅ three branched resulting in M₅ a, M₅ b ₁ and M₅ b ₂ (variation) (Fig. 16).   
 Type 9. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₄ and M₅ forked, resulting in M₄ a, M₄ b, M₅ a and M₅ b (variation) (Fig. 17).   
 Type 10. Forewing M with five primary branches, M₅ three branched, resulting in M₅ a, M₅ b ₁ and M₅ b ₂ (variation) (Fig. 18).   
 Type 11. Forewing M with five primary branches, M₃ forked resulting in M₃ a M₃ b and M₅ three branched resulting in M₅ a, M₅ b ₁ and M₅ b ₂ (variation) (Fig. 19).   
 Type 12. Forewing M of five primary branches, M₅ forked, resulting in M₅ a, and M₅ b and with a transverse vein between them (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 20).   
 Type 13. Forewing M with five primary branches, M₅ three branched, resulting in M₅ a, M₅ b ₁ and M₅ b ₂; vein R₄ ₊ ₅ distally forked (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 21).   
 Type 14. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₄ and M₅ forked, resulting in M₄ a, M₄ b, M₅ a and M₅ b and with a transverse vein between M₄ b and M₅ a (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 22).   
 Type 15. Forewing M of five primary branches, M₅ forked, resulting in M₅ a and M₅ b and with a spur-vein in M₅ b (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 23).   
 Type 16. Forewing M with six primary branches, without secondary branches (variation) (Fig. 24).   
 Type 17. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked resulting in M₆ a and M₆ b (variation) (Fig. 25).   
 Type 18. Fore wing M with six primary branches, M₆ three branched, resulting in M₆ a, M₆ b ₁ and M₆ b ₂ (variation) (Fig. 26).   
 Type 19. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₄ forked resulting in M₄ a and M₄ b (variation) (Fig. 27).   
 Type 20. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked, resulting in M₆ a and M₆ b, areola postica with a spur-vein (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 28).   
 Type 21. Forewing M of six primary branches, M₆ forked, resulting in M₆ a and M₆ b and with a spur-vein in M₆ b (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 29).   
 Type 22. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked, with M₆ a three branched and M₆ b as a spur-vein (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 30).   
 Type 23. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₅ and M₆ fused proximally and subsequently trifurcated (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 31).   
 Type 24. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked resulting in M₆ a, and M₆ b with a transverse vein between them (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 32).   
 Type 25. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked resulting in M₆ a, and M₆ b with a transverse vein between them and M₆ a forked (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 33).   
 Type 26. Forewing R₄ ₊ ₅ distally forked (anomaly) (Fig. 34).   
 Type 27. Forewing with a crossvein between R₄ ₊ ₅ and M (anomaly) (Fig. 35).   
 Type 28. Hindwing M with two primary branches, M₂ forked, resulting in M₂ a and M₂ b (variation) (Fig. 36).   
 Type 29. Hindwing M vei with three primary branches (variation) (Fig. 37).   
 Type 30. Hindwing M with three primary branches, M₃ distally branched, resulting in M₃ a and M₃ b (variation) (Fig. 38).   
 Type 31. Hindwing M with four primary branches (variation) (Fig. 39).   
 Type 32. Hindwing M with four primary branches; R₂ ₊ ₃ distally forked (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 40).   
 Type 33. Hindwing M with five primary branches. (variation) (Fig. 41).   
 Type 34. Hindwing M with two primary branches, and with R₂ ₊ ₃ distally forked (variation and anomaly) (Fig. 42).   
 Variations and anomalies in the fore‑hindwing veins of females   
17 females had some type of variation or anomaly described above, at least on one of the fore-hindwing (left or right or both) as described below:  
1 female (F1) with right forewing type 5 and left forewing type 23; 1 female (F2) with right forewing type 17 and left forewing type 10; 1 female (F3) with forewings type 17; 1 female (F4) with left forewing type 2; 1 female (F5) with left forewing type 1; 1 female (F6) with left forewing type 10; 2 females (F7, F14) with right forewing type 10; 3 females (F8, F11, F13) with right forewing type 17; 1 female (F9) with right forewing type 17 and right hindwing type 29; 1 female (F10) with left forewing type 5; 1 female (F12) with forewings type 17, right hindwing type 32 and left hindwing type 30; 1 female (F15) with with right forewing type 12; 1 female (F16) with left forewing type 17; 1 female (F17) with right forewing type 4 and left forewing type 3.  
 Material examined: 8 females (F1-F7, F14): Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Abaíra,Catolés de Cima,Cachoeira Pinga Pinga. 07°08’07.2”S, 35°47’17.8”W. 01.xi.2013. Light trap. Nascimento et al., 5 females (F8-F10, F16, F17): Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva, Córrego Boiadeiro, 13°00’S, 41°22”W. Malaise 4. vii.2015. 3 females (F11, F12, F15): Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Piatã, Cachoeira do Patricio. 13°05’13”S, 41°51’10”W. 05.xi.2013. Menezes, E. Light trap. 1 female (F23): Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva, 12°57’585”S, 41°20’495”W. Ligth trap. iii.2018. Vanine & Daniel.
description: Published as part of Lima, Daniel Moura, Neto, Alberto Moreira da Silva, García-Aldrete, Alfonso Neri & Bravo, Freddy, 2018, Description of the female of Brasineura diamantina Silva-Neto & García Aldrete (Psocodea: " Psocoptera ": Ptiloneuridae), with comments on variation in the wing venation, pp. 1-9 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on pages 2-7, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.43, http://zenodo.org/record/4637319