Class Consciousness Scale, Attitudes Toward Entrepreneurship and System Justification
Creators: name: Moreno-Montero, Fernando
name: Eiroa-Orosa, ​Francisco José
name: Willis, Guillermo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: We will carry out exploratory, experimental and confirmatory studies to verify to what extent the promotion of entrepreneurship could be used as a legitimating ideology. If social being determines our consciousness, it can be expected that the ruling class, possessing the “spiritual means of production", will promote certain ideologies faourable to their interests as a (complementary) way to keep power. We suspect that entrepreneurship ideology may work as a short of Divide et Impera. We also suspect that favourable attitudes toward entrepreneurship depends more on situational variables (i.e. the social being or place that a person occupies in the mode of production, including the “matter ideas” received throughout life) than on personality traits of individuals, which would dismantle the myth of the “Schumpeterian entrepreneur” (e.g. Schumpeter, Cantner, Gartner, Kerr et al). GENERAL HYPOTHESIS We expect an interaction between social class and ideology. Those who, because of their social being, are in need, that is, poor (H1) and unemployed (H2) and in whom they have a chance, that is, rich (H3) and people with studies (H4), will be more favorable to entrepreneurship, compared to the rest of participants located in central positions in terms of social class. We also propose that a favorable attitude towards entrepreneurship will correlate positively with justification of the capitalist system and false consciousness (H5) and negatively with measures of class consciousness and collective actions (H6). It is expected that, in general, working-class / poor people will score higher in class consciousness than rich people (H7). In turn, the former will score lower than the last in justification of the capitalist system (H8). On the other hand, working-class / poor conscious people will have less intention toward entrepreneurship than alienated working / poor people (H9 and H10). At the same time, we propose that those people who have received training for entrepreneurship and / or have heard or read stories on the type of the American Dream will also be more favourable towards entrepreneurship (H11) and will, consequently, have lower class consciousness and higher justification of the system (H12 and H13) that those people who have not done so. HYPOTHESES TO COMPARE CUBA AND SPAIN 1. The same in Cuba and in Spain; same population group favorable to entrepreneurship, by necessity (the poorest) and by opportunity (the richest, with capital, contacts, etc.). 2. The same; people more favorable to entrepreneurship in turn lower class consciousness. 3. The same; people more favorable to entrepreneurship in turn higher justification of the capitalist system. 4. The same; Those who have received training or have read about the American Dream will have a more favorable attitude towards entrepreneurship. 5. The same; Those who have received training or have read about the American Dream will have lower class consciousness. 6. The same; Those who have received training or have read about the American Dream will have a higher justification of the system. 7. Different in Cuba and in Spain; in Spain, activists (i.e. people with high CC and low JCS) against the government. In Cuba more in favor .. 8. Different; in general terms, higher CC and lower JCS in Cuba than in Spain. METHODOLOGY Class Consciousness and Justification of the Capitalist System Scales will be used. The former (CC) will be created based on Collective Actions scales being used by Social Identity Approach, Class Consciousness and Marxist Theory (Marx, Hanappi, Keefer, Tajfel, Turner, Reicher, Tausch et al). The former will be the System Justification and False Consciousness scales used by the System Justification theory (Jost et al). Several scales measuring attitudes toward entrepreneurship will be also included. We will carry out exploratory, experimental, and confirmatory studies in Cuba and Spain. Using an experimental design, self-reported upper and lower-class participants will be exposed to examples of individual business success. Subsequently, Class consciousness and System Justification beliefs will be measured.