cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Emergence of zero-field non-synthetic single and interchanged antiferromagnetic skyrmions in thin films
Creators: name: Aldarawsheh, Amal
name: Fernandes, Imara Lima
name: Brinker, Sascha
name: Sallermann, Moritz
name: Abusaa, Muayad
name: Blügel, Stefan
name: Lounis, Samir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmions are envisioned as ideal localized topological magnetic bits in future information technologies. In contrast to ferromagnetic (FM) skyrmions, they are immune to the skyrmion Hall effect, might offer potential terahertz dynamics while being insensitive to external magnetic fields and dipolar interactions. Although observed in synthetic AFM structures and as complex meronic textures in intrinsic AFM bulk materials, their realization in non-synthetic AFM films, of crucial importance in racetrack concepts, has been elusive. Here, we unveil their presence in a row-wise AFM Cr film deposited on PdFe bilayer grown on fcc Ir(111) surface. Using first principles, we demonstrate the emergence of single and strikingly interpenetrating chains of AFM skyrmions, which can co-exist with the rich inhomogeneous exchange field, including that of FM skyrmions, hosted by PdFe. Besides the identification of an ideal platform of materials for intrinsic AFM skyrmions, we anticipate the uncovered knotted solitons to be promising building blocks in AFM spintronics.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures
Filter Drug-induced Liver Injury Literature with Natural Language Processing and Ensemble Learning
Creators: name: Zhan, Xianghao
name: Wang, Fanjin
name: Gevaert, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) describes the adverse effects of drugs that damage liver. Life-threatening results including liver failure or death were also reported in severe DILI cases. Therefore, DILI-related events are strictly monitored for all approved drugs and the liver toxicity became important assessments for new drug candidates. These DILI-related reports are documented in hospital records, in clinical trial results, and also in research papers that contain preliminary in vitro and in vivo experiments. Conventionally, data extraction from previous publications relies heavily on resource-demanding manual labelling, which considerably decreased the efficiency of the information extraction process. The recent development of artificial intelligence, particularly, the rise of natural language processing (NLP) techniques, enabled the automatic processing of biomedical texts. In this study, based on around 28,000 papers (titles and abstracts) provided by the Critical Assessment of Massive Data Analysis (CAMDA) challenge, we benchmarked model performances on filtering out DILI literature. Among four word vectorization techniques, the model using term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and logistic regression outperformed others with an accuracy of 0.957 with our in-house test set. Furthermore, an ensemble model with similar overall performances was implemented and was fine-tuned to lower the false-negative cases to avoid neglecting potential DILI reports. The ensemble model achieved a high accuracy of 0.954 and an F1 score of 0.955 in the hold-out validation data provided by the CAMDA committee. Moreover, important words in positive/negative predictions were identified via model interpretation. Overall, the ensemble model reached satisfactory classification results, which can be further used by researchers to rapidly filter DILI-related literature.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
The Myogenic Response in Isolated Rat Cerebrovascular Arteries: Smooth Muscle Cell Model
Creators: name: Yang, Jin
name: Clark, John W.
name: Bryan, Robert M.
name: Robertson, Claudia S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Previous models of the cerebrovascular smooth muscle cell have not addressed the interaction between the electrical, chemical and mechanical components of cell function during the development of active tension. These models are primarily electrical, biochemical or mechanical in their orientation, and do not permit a full exploration of how the smooth muscle responds to electrical or mechanical forcing. To address this issue, we have developed a new model that consists of two major components: electrochemical and chemomechanical subsystems of the cell. Included in the electrochemical model are models of the electrophysiological behavior of the cell membrane, fluid compartments, Ca2+ release and uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and cytosolic Ca2+ buffering, particularly by calmodulin. With this subsystem model, we can study the mechanics of the production of intracellular Ca2+ transient in response to membrane voltage clamp pulses. The chemomechanical model includes models of: (a) the chemical kinetics of myosin phosphorylation, and the formation of phosphorylated myosin cross-bridges with actin, as well as, attached latch-type cross-bridges; and (b) a model of force generation and mechanical coupling to the contractile filaments and their attachments to protein structures and the skeletal framework of the cell. The two subsystem models are tested independently and compared with data. Likewise, the complete (combined) cell model responses to voltage pulse stimulation under isometric and isotonic conditions are calculated and compared with measured single cell length-force and force-velocity data obtained from literature. This integrated cell model provides biophysically-based explanations of electrical, chemical and mechanical phenomena in cerebrovascular smooth muscle, and has considerable utility as an adjunct to laboratory research and experimental design.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures; updates in parameter values; minor changes in text
Dynamic structure factor of the antiferromagnetic Kitaev model in large magnetic fields
Creators: name: Schellenberger, A.
name: Hörmann, M.
name: Schmidt, K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamic structure factor of the antiferromagnetic Kitaev honeycomb model in a magnetic field by applying perturbative continuous unitary transformations about the high-field limit. One- and two-quasiparticle properties of the dressed elementary spin-flip excitations of the high-field polarized phase are calculated which account for most of the spectral weight in the dynamic structure factor. We discuss the evolution of spectral features in these quasiparticle sectors in terms of one-quasiparticle dispersions, two-quasiparticle continua, the formation of antibound states, and quasiparticle decay. In particular, a comparably strong spectral feature above the upper edge of the upmost two-quasiparticle continuum represents three antibound states which form due to nearest-neighbor density-density interactions.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
The Solution to the Problem of Time in Shape Dynamics
Creators: name: Barbour, Julian
name: Koslowski, Tim
name: Mercati, Flavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absence of unique time evolution in Einstein's spacetime description of gravity leads to the hitherto unresolved `problem of time' in quantum gravity. Shape Dynamics is an objectively equivalent representation of gravity that trades spacetime refoliation invariance for three-dimensional conformal invariance. Its logical completion presented here gives a dimensionless description of gravitational dynamics. We show that in this framework the classical problem of time is completely solved. Since a comparable definitive solution is impossible within the spacetime description, we believe Shape Dynamics provides a key ingredient for the creation of quantum gravity.
description: 14 pages, no figures
On the Sound Speed in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Altiparmak, Sinan
name: Ecker, Christian
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the sound speed $c_s$ in compact stars is an important open question with numerous implications on the behaviour of matter at large densities and hence on gravitational-wave emission from neutron stars. To this scope, we construct more than $10^7$ equations of state (EOSs) with continuous sound speed and build more than $10^8$ nonrotating stellar models consistent not only with nuclear theory and perturbative QCD, but also with astronomical observations. In this way, we find that EOSs with sub-conformal sound speeds, i.e. with $c^2_s < 1/3$ within the stars, are possible in principle but very unlikely in practice, being only $0.03\%$ of our sample. Hence, it is natural to expect that $c^2_s > 1/3$ somewhere in the stellar interior. Using our large sample, we obtain estimates at $95\%$ credibility of neutron-star radii for representative stars with $1.4$ and $2.0$ solar masses, $R_{1.4}=12.42^{+0.52}_{-0.99}\,{\rm km}$, $R_{2.0}=12.12^{+1.11}_{-1.23}\,{\rm km}$, and for the binary tidal deformability of the GW170817 event, $\tildeΛ_{1.186}=485^{+225}_{-211}$. Interestingly, our lower-bounds on the radii are in very good agreement with the prediction derived from very different arguments, namely, the threshold mass. Finally, we provide simple analytic expressions to determine the minimum and maximum values of $\tildeΛ$ as a function of the chirp mass.
description: 6 pages + Appendix, 11 figures, version published in ApJL
Almost every path structure is not variational
Creators: name: Kruglikov, Boris S.
name: Matveev, Vladimir S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a smooth family of unparameterized curves such that through every point in every direction there passes exactly one curve, does there exist a Lagrangian with extremals being precisely this family? It is known that in dimension 2 the answer is positive. In dimension 3, it follows from the work of Douglas that the answer is, in general, negative. We generalise this result to all higher dimensions and show that the answer is actually negative for almost every such a family of curves, also known as path structure or path geometry. On the other hand, we consider path geometries possessing infinitesimal symmetries and show that path and projective structures with submaximal symmetry dimensions are variational. Note that the projective structure with the submaximal symmetry algebra, the so-called Egorov structure, is not pseudo-Riemannian metrizable; we show that it is metrizable in the class of Kropina pseudo-metrics and explicitly construct the corresponding Kropina Lagrangian.
Attention Aided CSI Wireless Localization
Creators: name: Salihu, Artan
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Rupp, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become a popular approach for wireless localization based on channel state information (CSI). A common practice is to use the raw CSI in the input and allow the network to learn relevant channel representations for mapping to location information. However, various works show that raw CSI can be very sensitive to system impairments and small changes in the environment. On the contrary, hand-designing features may hinder the limits of channel representation learning of the DNN. In this work, we propose attention-based CSI for robust feature learning. We evaluate the performance of attended features in centralized and distributed massive MIMO systems for ray-tracing channels in two non-stationary railway track environments. By comparison to a base DNN, our approach provides exceptional performance.
Reduced density matrix functional theory from an ab initio seniority-zero wave function: Exact and approximate formulations along adiabatic connection paths
Creators: name: Senjean, Bruno
name: Yalouz, Saad
name: Nakatani, Naoki
name: Fromager, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently, there is a growing interest in the development of a new hierarchy of methods based on the concept of seniority, which has been introduced quite recently in quantum chemistry. Despite the enormous potential of these methods, the accurate description of both dynamical and static correlation effects within a single and in-principle-exact approach remains a challenge. In this work, we propose an alternative formulation of reduced density-matrix functional theory (RDMFT) where the (one-electron reduced) density matrix is mapped onto an ab initio seniority-zero wave function. In this theory, the exact natural orbitals and their occupancies are determined self-consistently from an effective seniority-zero calculation. The latter involves a universal higher-seniority density matrix functional for which an adiabatic connection (AC) formula is derived and implemented under specific constraints that are related to the density matrix. The pronounced curvature of the (constrained) AC integrand, which is numerically observed in prototypical hydrogen chains and the Helium dimer, indicates that a description of higher-seniority correlations within second-order perturbation theory is inadequate in this context. Applying multiple linear interpolations along the AC or connecting second-order perturbation theory to a full-seniority treatment via Padé approximants are better strategies. Such information is expected to serve as a guide in the future design of higher-seniority density-matrix functional approximations.
Nuclear modification of vector boson production in proton-lead collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Kang, Zhong-Bo
name: Qiu, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In anticipating the upcoming proton-lead run at the LHC in the near future, we present predictions for the nuclear modification factor of transverse momentum spectrum of $Z^0$ production and transverse momentum broadening of vector boson ($J/ψ$, $Υ$, $W/Z^0$) production in proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5$ TeV, respectively. We find that the measurement of nuclear modification factor of $Z^0$ production provides a clean and unambiguous test of the nuclear anti-shadowing proposed in the recent EPS09. In addition, the dramatic difference in transverse momentum broadening between the heavy quarkonium and $W/Z^0$ production could be a signature prediction of QCD parton multiple scattering, and it provides valuable informations on color neutralization of a produced heavy quark pair when it transmutes into a physical quarkonium.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, minor modification, version to appear in PLB
Blind Capon Beamformer Based on Independent Component Extraction: Single-Parameter Algorithm,
Creators: name: Koldovský, Zbyněk
name: Čmejla, Jaroslav
name: O'Regan, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider a phase-shift mixing model for linear sensor arrays in the context of blind source extraction. We derive a blind Capon beamformer that seeks the direction where the output is independent of the other signals in the mixture. The algorithm is based on Independent Component Extraction and imposes an orthogonal constraint, thanks to which it optimizes only one real-valued parameter related to the angle of arrival. The Cramér-Rao lower bound for the mean interference-to-signal ratio is derived. The algorithm and the bound are compared with conventional blind and direction-of-arrival estimation+beamforming methods, showing improvements in terms of extraction accuracy. An application is demonstrated in frequency-domain speaker extraction in a low-reverberation room.
Estimating bulk and edge topological indices in finite open chiral chains
Creators: name: Jezequel, Lucien
name: Tauber, Clément
name: Delplace, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a formalism to extend, simultaneously, the usual definition of bulk and edge indices from topological insulators to the case of a finite sample with open boundary conditions, and provide a physical interpretation of these quantities. We then show that they converge exponentially fast to an integer value when we increase the system size, and also that bulk and edge quantities coincide at finite size. The theorem applies to any non-homogeneous system such as disordered or defect configurations. We focus on one-dimensional chains with chiral symmetry, such as the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, but the proof actually only requires the Hamiltonian to be short-range and with a spectral gap in the bulk. The definition of bulk and edge indices relies on a finite-size version of the switch-function formalism where the Fermi projector is smoothed in energy using a carefully chosen regularization parameter.
description: 19 pages
Symmetry breaking in sticky collisions between ultracold molecules
Creators: name: Man, Marijn P
name: Groenenboom, Gerrit C
name: Karman, Tijs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracold molecules undergo "sticky collisions" that result in loss even for chemically nonreactive molecules. Sticking times can be enhanced by orders of magnitude by interactions that lead to non-conservation of nuclear spin or total angular momentum. We present a quantitative theory of the required strength of such symmetry-breaking interactions based on classical simulation of collision complexes. We find static electric fields as small as $10$~V/cm can lead to non-conservation of angular momentum, while we find nuclear spin is conserved during collisions. We also compute loss of collision complexes due to spontaneous emission and absorption of black-body radiation, which are found to be slow.
High accuracy post-Newtonian and numerical relativity comparisons involving higher modes for eccentric binary black holes and a dominant mode eccentric inspiral-merger-ringdown model
Creators: name: Chattaraj, Abhishek
name: RoyChowdhury, Tamal
name: Divyajyoti
name: Mishra, Chandra Kant
name: Gupta, Anshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spherical harmonic modes of gravitational waveforms for inspiraling compact binaries in eccentric orbits from post-Newtonian (PN) theory accurate to third post-Newtonian order, and those extracted from numerical relativity (NR) simulations for binary black holes (BBHs) are compared. We combine results from the two approaches (PN and NR) to construct time-domain hybrid waveforms that describe the complete evolution of BBH mergers through inspiral-merger-ringdown (IMR) stages. These hybrids are then used in constructing a fully analytical dominant mode ($\ell$=2, $|m|$=2) eccentric IMR model. A simple extension to a multi-mode model based on this dominant mode model is also presented. Overlaps with quasi-circular IMR waveform models including the effect of higher modes, maximized over a time- and phase-shift, hint at the importance (mismatches $>1\%$) of including eccentricity in gravitational waveforms when analysing BBHs lighter than $\sim 80 M_{\odot}$, irrespective of the binary's eccentricity (as it enters the LIGO bands), or mass-ratio. Combined impact of eccentricity and higher modes seems to become more apparent through smaller overlaps with increasing inclination angles and mass ratios. Additionally, we show that the state-of-the-art quasi-circular models including the effect of higher modes will not be adequate in extracting source properties for signals with initial eccentricities $e_0$ $\gtrsim0.1$.
Certifying the Potential Energy Landscape
Creators: name: Mehta, Dhagash
name: Hauenstein, Jonathan D.
name: Wales, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is highly desirable for a numerical approximation of a stationary point for a potential energy landscape to lie in the quadratic convergence basin of that stationary point. However, it is possible that an approximation may lie only in the linear convergence basin, or even in a chaotic region, and hence not converge to the actual stationary point when further optimization is attempted. Proving that a numerical approximation will quadratically converge to the associated stationary point is termed certifying the numerical approximation. We employ Smale's α-theory to stationary points, providing a certification that serves as a mathematical proof that the numerical approximation does indeed correspond to an actual stationary point, independent of the precision employed. As a practical example, employing recently developed certification algorithms, we show how the α-theory can be used to certify all the known minima and transition states of Lennard-Jones LJ$_{N}$ atomic clusters for N = 7, ...,14.
description: 4 pages
Error propagation in NISQ devices for solving classical optimization problems
Creators: name: González-García, Guillermo
name: Trivedi, Rahul
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a random circuit model to analyze the impact of noise on the performance of variational quantum circuits for classical optimization problems. Our model accounts for the propagation of arbitrary single qubit errors through the circuit. We find that even with a small noise rate, the quality of the obtained classical optima is low on average and a single-qubit error rate of $1 / nD$, where $n$ is the number of qubits and $D$ is the circuit depth, is needed for the possibility of a quantum advantage. We estimate that this translates to an error rate lower than $10^{-6}$ using QAOA for classical optimization problems with 2D circuits.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Imaging based feedback cooling of a levitated nanoparticle
Creators: name: Minowa, Yosuke
name: Kato, Keisuke
name: Ueno, Shoki
name: Penny, Thomas W.
name: Pontin, Antonio
name: Ashida, Masaaki
name: Barker, Peter F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imaging-based detection of the motion of the levitated nanoparticles complements a widely-used interferometric detection method, providing a precise and robust way to estimate the position of the particle. Here, we show the camera-based feedback cooling of a charged nanoparticle levitated in a linear Paul trap. A charged nanoparticle levitated in a vacuum was observed by CMOS camera systems. The nanoparticle images were processed in realtime with a microcontroller integrated with a CMOS image sensor. The phase-delayed position signal was fed-back to one of the trap electrodes resulting in the velocity damping cooling. Our study provides a simple and versatile approach applicable for control of low-frequency mechanical oscillators.
description: code available: https://github.com/minowayosuke/high_fps_camera_feedback
Accumulation of sleep loss among shift-working truck drivers
Creators: name: Onninen, Jussi
name: Pylkkönen, Mia
name: Tolvanen, Asko
name: Sallinen, Mikael
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Sleep loss is known to contribute to road traffic accidents. Professional drivers are vulnerable to curtailment of sleep due to long driving bouts and shift work. To fill in the gap in the literature related to the buildup of sleep loss in irregular shift systems, we recorded the sleep and working hours of 47 shift-working long-haul truck drivers during a two-week period. Sleep (time in bed) was verified by actigraphy and sleep logs. Sleepiness was measured using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Individual sleep need was based on self-assessments. We examined the accumulated sleep versus self-reported sleep need across the study period, using midnights as points of observation, and the accumulated sleep loss within 72 h prior to shift end (sleep versus need, SVN72). Across the study period, the drivers’ sleep was close to their self-reported sleep need, but 45% of the drivers showed accumulated sleep loss of >6 h at least once. SVN72 averaged −1.5 h and was 2.87 h shorter in connection with morning shifts compared to day or evening shifts. Night shifts showed no such difference. During days off, sleep exceeded sleep need by 1.13 h and was not dependent on the type of preceding work shift. SVN72 showed small-to-medium negative associations with on-duty KSS even after accounting for sleep within the 24 h prior to the shift end. Our results show that long-haul truck drivers are exposed to severe levels of accumulated sleep loss while working irregular shifts, but they can catch up on their lost sleep, especially during days off.
Three-dimensional close-to-substrate trajectories of magnetic microparticles in dynamically changing magnetic field landscapes
Creators: name: Huhnstock, Rico
name: Reginka, Meike
name: Sonntag, Claudius
name: Merkel, Maximilian
name: Dingel, Kristina
name: Sick, Bernhard
name: Vogel, Michael
name: Ehresmann, Arno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport of magnetic nano- or microparticles in microfluidic devices using artificially designed magnetic field landscapes (MFL) is promising for the implementation of key functionalities in Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. A close-to-substrate transport is hereby instrumental to use changing particle-substrate interactions upon analyte binding for analytics and diagnostics. Here, we present an essential prerequisite for such an application, namely the label-free quantitative experimental determination of the three-dimensional trajectories of superparamagnetic particles (SPP) transported by a dynamically changing MFL above a topographically flat substrate. The evaluation of the SPP sharpness within defocused video-recorded images, acquired by an optical bright-field microscope, was employed to obtain a vertical z-coordinate. This method applied to a prototypical transport scheme, using the static MFL of parallel-stripe domains superposed by a particular magnetic field pulse sequence, revealed a hopping-like motion of the magnetic particles, previously predicted by theory. Maximum vertical particle jumps of several micrometers have been observed experimentally, corroborating theoretical estimates for the particle-substrate distance. As our findings pave the way towards precise quantification of particle-substrate separations in the discussed transport system, they bear deep implications for future LOC detection schemes using only optical microscopy.
description: 23 pages and 3 figures (main article), 9 pages Supporting Information
1st European Conference on TEaching and Research in Sustainable Resource ExtrAction (TERRA 2023)
Creators: name: Lottermoser, Bernd G.
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023

description: 1. European Conference on TEaching and Research in Sustainable Resource ExtrAction, TERRA 2023, Boppard, Germany, 6 Sep 2023 - 8 Sep 2023; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource (2023). doi:10.18154/RWTH-2023-08124
description: Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
Non-linear Representations of the Conformal Group and Mapping of Galileons
Creators: name: Creminelli, Paolo
name: Serone, Marco
name: Trincherini, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two common non-linear realizations of the 4D conformal group: in the first, the dilaton is the conformal factor of the effective metric η_{μν} e^{-2 π}; in the second it describes the fluctuations of a brane in AdS_5. The two are related by a complicated field redefinition, found by Bellucci, Ivanov and Krivonos (2002) to all orders in derivatives. We show that this field redefinition can be understood geometrically as a change of coordinates in AdS_5. In one gauge the brane is rigid at a fixed radial coordinate with a conformal factor on the AdS_5 boundary, while in the other one the brane bends in an unperturbed AdS_5. This geometrical picture illuminates some aspects of the mapping between the two representations. We show that the conformal Galileons in the two representations are mapped into each other in a quite non-trivial way: the DBI action, for example, is mapped into a complete linear combination of all the five Galileons in the other representation. We also verify the equivalence of the dilaton S-matrix in the two representations and point out that the aperture of the dilaton light-cone around non-trivial backgrounds is not the same in the two representations.
description: 16 pages. v2: typos corrected (notably eq 4.5), matches JHEP version
Tuning the Topological $θ$-Angle in Cold-Atom Quantum Simulators of Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Halimeh, Jad C.
name: McCulloch, Ian P.
name: Yang, Bing
name: Hauke, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological $θ$-angle in gauge theories engenders a series of fundamental phenomena, including violations of charge-parity (CP) symmetry, dynamical topological transitions, and confinement--deconfinement transitions. At the same time, it poses major challenges for theoretical studies, as it implies a sign problem in numerical simulations. Analog quantum simulators open the promising prospect of treating quantum many-body systems with such topological terms, but, contrary to their digital counterparts, they have not yet demonstrated the capacity to control the $θ$-angle. Here, we demonstrate how a tunable topological $θ$-term can be added to a prototype theory with $\mathrm{U}(1)$ gauge symmetry, a discretized version of quantum electrodynamics in one spatial dimension. As we show, the model can be realized experimentally in a single-species Bose--Hubbard model in an optical superlattice with three different spatial periods, thus requiring only standard experimental resources. Through numerical calculations obtained from the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method and exact diagonalization, we benchmark the model system, and illustrate how salient effects due to the $θ$-term can be observed. These include charge confinement, the weakening of quantum many-body scarring, as well as the disappearance of Coleman's phase transition due to explicit breaking of CP symmetry. This work opens the door towards studying the rich physics of topological gauge-theory terms in large-scale cold-atom quantum simulators.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, journal article
Stochastic coupling of solar photosphere and corona
Creators: name: Uritsky, Vadim M.
name: Davila, Joseph M.
name: Ofman, Leon
name: Coyner, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed solar activity is believed to be driven by the dissipation of nonpotential magnetic energy injected into the corona by dynamic processes in the photosphere. The enormous range of scales involved in the interaction makes it difficult to track down the photospheric origin of each coronal dissipation event, especially in the presence of complex magnetic topologies. In this paper, we propose an ensemble-based approach for testing the photosphere - corona coupling in a quiet solar region as represented by intermittent activity in SOHO MDI and STEREO EUVI image sets. For properly adjusted detection thresholds corresponding to the same degree of intermittency in the photosphere and corona, the dynamics of the two solar regions is described by the same occurrence probability distributions of energy release events but significantly different geometric properties. We derive a set of scaling relations reconciling the two groups of results and enabling statistical description of coronal dynamics based on photospheric observations. Our analysis suggests that multiscale intermittent dissipation in the corona at spatial scales > 3 Mm is controlled by turbulent photospheric convection. Complex topology of the photospheric network makes this coupling essentially nonlocal and non-deterministic. Our results are in an agreement with the Parker's coupling scenario in which random photospheric shuffling generates marginally stable magnetic discontinuities at the coronal level, but they are also consistent with an impulsive wave heating involving multiscale Alfvenic wave packets and/or MHD turbulent cascade. A back reaction on the photosphere due to coronal magnetic reconfiguration can be a contributing factor.
description: 36 pageS, 11 figures, 3 tables
Thermal lesions of the SCN do not abolish all gene expression rhythms in rat white adipose tissue, NAMPT remains rhythmic
Creators: name: Van Der Spek, Rianne
name: Foppen, Ewout
name: Fliers, Eric
name: La Fleur, Susanne
name: Kalsbeek, Andries
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are major health concerns worldwide. In obese-type 2 diabetic patients, the function of the central brain clock in the hypothalamus, as well as rhythmicity in white adipose tissue (WAT), are reduced. To better understand how peripheral clocks in white adipose tissue (WAT) are synchronized, we assessed the importance of the central brain clock for daily WAT rhythms. We compared gene expression rhythms of core clock genes (Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, RevErbα, and DBP) and metabolic genes (SREBP1c, PPARα, PPARγ, FAS, LPL, HSL, CPT1b, Glut4, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin/NAMPT, and resistin) in epididymal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (eWAT and sWAT) of SCN-lesioned and sham-lesioned rats housed in regular L/D conditions. Despite complete behavioral and hormonal arrhythmicity, SCN lesioning only abolished Cry2 and DBP rhythmicity in WAT, whereas the other clock gene rhythms were significantly reduced, but not completely abolished. We observed no major differences in the effect of SCN lesions between the two WAT depots. In contrast to clock genes, all metabolic genes lost their daily rhythmicity in WAT, with the exception of NAMPT. Interestingly, NAMPT rhythmicity was even less affected by SCN lesioning than the core clock genes, suggesting that it is either strongly coupled to the remaining rhythmicity in clock gene expression, or very sensitive to other external rhythmic factors. The L/D cycle could be such a rhythmic external factor that generates modulating signals by photic masking via the intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in combination with the autonomic nervous system. Our findings indicate that in normal weight rats, gene expression rhythms in WAT can be maintained independent of the central brain clock.
title: Некоторые результаты использования белково-витаминно-минерального концентрата в кормлении телочек
Creators: name: Скворцова, Людмила Николаевна
name: Скрипченко, Сергей Сергеевич
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2021

description: В условиях интенсивного животноводства применение белково-витаминно-минеральных концентратов оказывает положительное влияние на продуктивность за счет повышения иммунного и антиоксидантного статуса животных, улучшения переваримости питательных веществ и усвояемости минеральных веществ кормов. Цель исследований изу-чить – влияние белково-витаминно-минерального концентрата на ростовые показатели те-лочек. Для опыта было сформировано две группы. Животным второй (опытной) группы скармливали в составе концентратной смеси белково-витаминно-минеральный концентрат в количестве 10 % по массе. Результаты исследований показали, что входящие в состав кон-центрата высокобелковые компоненты, минерально-витаминный комплекс, оказывают по-ложительное влияние на ростовые показатели.
Ключевые слова: кормление; кормовой концентрат; продуктивность; живая масса
title: Определение на лабораторных животных безопасности аглютеновой продукции
Creators: name: Рысмухамбетова, Гульсара Есенгильдиевна
name: Зирук, Ирина Владимировна
name: Копчекчи, Марина Егоровна
name: Ушакова, Юлия Валерьевна
name: Щербакова, Виктория Сергеевна
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2021

description: Проведена замена у крыс глютеносодержащих кормов на корма безглютеновые. Были сделаны общий и биохимический анализы крови, а также проведен анализ микробной обсе-менённости содержимого толстой кишки у крыс. В результате опыта был сделан вывод о без-опасности применения аглютенового питания для лабораторных животных.
Ключевые слова: глютен; целиакия; животные; кровь
Triangulated surfaces in triangulated categories
Creators: name: Dyckerhoff, Tobias
name: Kapranov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a triangulated category A with a 2-periodic dg-enhancement and a triangulated oriented marked surface S we introduce a dg-category F(S,A) parametrizing systems of exact triangles in A labelled by triangles of S. Our main result is that F(S,A) is independent on the choice of a triangulation of S up to essentially unique Morita equivalence. In particular, it admits a canonical action of the mapping class group. The proof is based on general properties of cyclic 2-Segal spaces. In the simplest case, where A is the category of 2-periodic complexes of vector spaces, F(S,A) turns out to be a purely topological model for the Fukaya category of the surface S. Therefore, our construction can be seen as implementing a 2-dimensional instance of Kontsevich's program on localizing the Fukaya category along a singular Lagrangian spine.
description: 55 pages, v2: references added and typos corrected, v3: expanded version, comments welcome
title: Питательность силоса, полученного из разных гибридов кукурузы
Creators: name: Машталенко, Сергей Сергеевич
name: Шляхова, Оксана Германовна
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2021

description: Изучена питательность силоса из разных гибридов кукурузы и влияние высокого и низкого среза на химический состав силоса. Лучшими по урожайности и величине початков были гибриды Краснодарский 385 и П0216. За счет высокого среза неизбежны потери уро-жайности, которые в разрезе гибридов в 2018 г колебались от 19,3 до 25,5 ц/га, и в 2019 году от15,3 до 33,3 ц/га. Повышая высоту среза до 35 см, мы получили силос с повышенным содер-жанием энергии, белка, крахмала и пониженным содержанием НДК, КДК и лигнина что спо-собствует повышению питательности силоса.
Ключевые слова: гибриды кукурузы; силос; питательность силоса; высота среза ги-бридов на силос; урожайность гибридов кукурузы
Direction of Arrival Estimation of Sound Sources Using Icosahedral CNNs
Creators: name: Diaz-Guerra, David
name: Miguel, Antonio
name: Beltran, Jose R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a new model for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of sound sources based on an Icosahedral Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) applied over SRP-PHAT power maps computed from the signals received by a microphone array. This icosahedral CNN is equivariant to the 60 rotational symmetries of the icosahedron, which represent a good approximation of the continuous space of spherical rotations, and can be implemented using standard 2D convolutional layers, having a lower computational cost than most of the spherical CNNs. In addition, instead of using fully connected layers after the icosahedral convolutions, we propose a new soft-argmax function that can be seen as a differentiable version of the argmax function and allows us to solve the DOA estimation as a regression problem interpreting the output of the convolutional layers as a probability distribution. We prove that using models that fit the equivariances of the problem allows us to outperform other state-of-the-art models with a lower computational cost and more robustness, obtaining root mean square localization errors lower than 10° even in scenarios with a reverberation time $T_{60}$ of 1.5 s.
description: The code to reproduce this work can be found in our GitHub repository: https://github.com/DavidDiazGuerra/icoDOA
AI for human assessment: What do professional assessors need?
Creators: name: Arakawa, Riku
name: Yakura, Hiromu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent organizations have started to adopt AI-based decision support tools to optimize human resource development practices, while facing various challenges of using AIs in highly contextual and sensitive domains. We present our case study that aims to help professional assessors make decisions in human assessment, in which they conduct interviews with assessees and evaluate their suitability for certain job roles. Our workshop with two industrial assessors elucidated troubles they face (i.e., maintaining stable and non-subjective observation of assessees' behaviors) and derived requirements of AI systems (i.e., extracting their nonverbal cues from interview videos in an interpretable manner). In response, we employed an unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm using multimodal behavioral features such as facial keypoints, body and head pose, and gaze. The algorithm extracts outlier scenes from the video based on behavioral features as well as informing which feature contributes to the outlierness. We first evaluated how the assessors would perceive the extracted cues and discovered that the algorithm is useful in suggesting scenes to which assessors would pay attention, thanks to its interpretability. Then, we developed an interface prototype incorporating the algorithm and had six assessors use it for their actual assessment. Their comments revealed the effectiveness of introducing unsupervised anomaly detection to enhance their feeling of confidence and objectivity of the assessment along with potential use scenarios of such AI-based systems in human assessment. Our approach, which builds on top of the idea of separating observation and interpretation in human-AI collaboration, will facilitate human decision making in highly contextual domains, such as human assessment, while keeping their trust in the system.
description: To appear in Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Case Study)
Postharvest performance of 17 apple accessions grown in NE Spain after long-term cold storage
Creators: name: Mignard, Pierre
name: Giménez, Rosa
name: Moreno, María Angeles
Publisher: name: Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality
Year: 2023

description: In this work, 17 accessions from the Apple Germplasm Bank of the EEAD-CSIC were harvested and stored in a cold room for six months, at low temperature (1-1.5 °C) and controlled relative humidity (85-90%). The objective of this study was to evaluate differences among accessions at biochemical level between harvest and after long-term cold storage, defining their suitability for storage. Basic fruit quality parameters and antioxidant compounds were evaluated, and individual sugars and major organic acids were determined. A PCA was carried out explaining 70% of the total variability. ‘Evasni’ presented the best performance in postharvest after cold storage. The concentrations of organic acids and phenolic compounds, in general, decreased after long-term conservation. Triploid accessions with presence of russeting highlighted for their higher content in bioactive compounds even after cold storage. Nevertheless, the russeting seemed to be related to cell damages and increased chilling injuries such as browning or dehydration. Spanish accessions ‘Reneta’ and ‘Solafuente’ and other non-Spanish bred cultivars showed their suitability for conservation with no chilling injuries after long-term cold storage. The present work highlighted the interest of native accessions and non-Spanish cultivars to be considered in future breeding programs thanks to their best marketability and consumer accept- ability
description: Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, Vol. 96 (2023): Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality