cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extended propagation of powerful laser pulses in focusing Kerr media
Creators: name: Malkin, V. M.
name: Fisch, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Powerful incoherent laser pulses can propagate in focusing Kerr media much longer distances than can coherent pulses, due to the fast phase mixing that prevents transverse filamentation. This distance is limited by 4-wave scattering, which accumulates waves at small transverse wavenumbers, where phase mixing is too slow to retain the incoherence and thus prevent the filamentation. However, we identify how this theoretical limit can be overcome by countering this accumulation through transverse heating of the pulse by random fluctuations of the refractive index. In these new regimes, the laser pulse propagation distances are significantly extended, making feasible a new class of random lasers, in particular, ultra-powerful random lasers in plasmas.
One-loop renormalization of the chiral Lagrangian for spinless matter fields in the SU(N) fundamental representation
Creators: name: Du, Meng-Lin
name: Guo, Feng-Kun
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the leading one-loop renormalization of the chiral Lagrangian for spinless matter fields living in the fundamental representation of SU(N). The Lagrangian can also be applied to any theory with a spontaneous symmetry breaking of $SU(N)_L\times SU(N)_R$ to $SU(N)_V$ and spinless matter fields in the fundamental representation. For QCD, the matter fields can be kaons or pseudoscalar heavy mesons. Using the background field method and heat kernel expansion techniques, the divergences of the one-loop effective generating functional for correlation functions of single matter fields are calculated up to $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$. They are absorbed by counterterms not only from the third order but also from the second order chiral Lagrangian.
description: 13 pages
Singularities and internal rotational dynamics of electron beams
Creators: name: Velasco-Martínez, D.
name: Ibarra-Sierra, V. G.
name: Sandoval-Santana, J. C.
name: Cardoso, J. L.
name: Kunold, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the internal rotational dynamics of electronic beams in relation to the phase singularities of their wave functions. Given their complex singularity structure, Hermite-Gaussian beams and other superpositions of Laguerre-Gaussian modes are studied here. We show that by inspecting the lowest non-vanishing terms of the wave function near the singularity it is possible to infer the structure of the Bohmian streamlines. Conversely, starting from a map of the electron's Bohmian velocities, we demonstrate that it is possible to derive the form of the electron's wave function near the singularity. We outline a procedure that could yield an experimental method to determine the main parameters of the electron's wave function close to a singularity.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures, 1 table
Raman spectroscopic characterization of stacking configuration and interlayer coupling of twisted multilayer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
Creators: name: Wu, Jiang-Bin
name: Wang, Huan
name: Li, Xiao-Li
name: Peng, Hailin
name: Tan, Ping-Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multilayer graphene (MLG) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising material for electronic and optoelectronic devices. Understanding the stacking configuration and interlayer coupling of MLGs is technologically relevant and of importance for the device applications. Here, we reported a kind of twisted MLGs (tMLGs), which are formed by stacking one graphene monolayer on the top of AB-stacked MLG by rotating a certain angle between them. The twist angle of tMLGs are identified by the twist-related modes, R and R'. With increasing the total layer number of N, the observed interlayer shear modes in the tMLG flake always follow those of AB-stacked (N-1)LG, while the observed interlayer breathing modes always follow those of AB-stacked NLG, independent of its twist angle. The layer breathing coupling of the tMLGs is almost identical to that of mechanically-exfoliated tMLGs, which demonstrates the high quality of MLGs grown by CVD. This study provides an applicable approach to probe the stacking configuration and interlayer coupling of MLGs grown by CVD or related methods. This work also demonstrates the possibility to grow MLG flakes with a fixed stacking configuration, $e.g.$, t(1+$n$)LG, by the CVD method.
description: 11 pages, 5 figure, accepted by Carbon
Inferring physical properties of galaxies from their emission line spectra
Creators: name: Ucci, Graziano
name: Ferrara, Andrea
name: Gallerani, Simona
name: Pallottini, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach based on Supervised Machine Learning (SML) algorithms to infer key physical properties of galaxies (density, metallicity, column density and ionization parameter) from their emission line spectra. We introduce a numerical code (called GAME, GAlaxy Machine learning for Emission lines) implementing this method and test it extensively. GAME delivers excellent predictive performances, especially for estimates of metallicity and column densities. We compare GAME with the most widely used diagnostics (e.g. R$_{23}$, [NII]$λ$6584 / H$α$ indicators) showing that it provides much better accuracy and wider applicability range. GAME is particularly suitable for use in combination with Integral Field Unit (IFU) spectroscopy, both for rest-frame optical/UV nebular lines and far-infrared/sub-mm lines arising from Photo-Dissociation Regions. Finally, GAME can also be applied to the analysis of synthetic galaxy maps built from numerical simulations.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Hydrodynamic theory for nematic shells: the interplay among curvature, flow and alignment
Creators: name: Napoli, Gaetano
name: Vergori, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the hydrodynamic equations for nematic liquid crystals lying on curved substrates. We invoke the Lagrange-Rayleigh variational principle to adapt the Ericksen-Leslie theory to two-dimensional nematics in which a degenerate anchoring of the molecules on the substrate is enforced. The only constitutive assumptions in this scheme concern the free-energy density, given by the two-dimensional Frank potential, and the density of dissipation which is required to satisfy appropriate invariance requirements. The resulting equations of motion couple the velocity field, the director alignment and the curvature of the shell. To illustrate our findings, we consider the effect of a simple shear flow on the alignment of a nematic lying on a cylindrical shell.
Micro-Data Learning: The Other End of the Spectrum
Creators: name: Mouret, Jean-Baptiste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many fields are now snowed under with an avalanche of data, which raises considerable challenges for computer scientists. Meanwhile, robotics (among other fields) can often only use a few dozen data points because acquiring them involves a process that is expensive or time-consuming. How can an algorithm learn with only a few data points?
Exploring the GalMer database: bar properties and non-circular motions
Creators: name: Randriamampandry, T. H.
name: Deg, N.
name: Carignan, C.
name: Combes, F.
name: Spekkens, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Tree-SPH simulations from the GalMer database by Chilingarian et al. to characterize and quantify the non-circular motions induced by the presence of bar-like structures on the observed rotation curve of barred galaxies derived from empirical models of their line-of-sight velocity maps. The GalMer database consists of SPH simulations of galaxies spanning a wide range of morphological types and sizes. The aim is to compare the intrinsic velocities and bar properties from the simulations with those derived from pseudo-observations. This allows us to estimate the amount of non-circularity and to test the various methods used to derive the bar properties and rotation curves. The intrinsic velocities in the simulations are calculated from the gravitational forces whereas the observed rotation velocities are derived by applying the ROTCUR and DiskFit algorithms to well-resolved observations of intermediate-inclination, strongly barred galaxies. Our results confirm that the tilted ring method implemented in ROTCUR systematically underestimates/overestimates the rotational velocities by up to 40 percent in the inner part of the galaxy when the bar is aligned with one of the symmetry axes for all the models. For the DiskFit analysis, we find that it produces unrealistic values for all the models used in this work when the bar is within $\sim$10 degrees of the major or minor axis.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Gysin exact sequences for quantum weighted lens spaces
Creators: name: Arici, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19K35, 55R25, 46L08, 58B32

description: We describe quantum weighted lens spaces as total spaces of quantum principal circle bundles, using a Cuntz-Pimsner model. The corresponding Pimsner exact sequence is interpreted as a noncommutative analogue of the Gysin exact sequence. We use the sequence to compute the K-theory and K-homology groups of quantum weighted lens spaces, extending previous results and computations due to the author and collaborators.
description: 8 pages
VLT/Magellan spectroscopy of 29 strong lensing selected galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Carrasco, Mauricio
name: Barrientos, L. Felipe
name: Anguita, Timo
name: García-Vergara, Cristina
name: Bayliss, Matthew
name: Gladders, Michael
name: Gilbank, David
name: Yee, H. K. C.
name: West, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extensive spectroscopic follow-up campaign of 29 strong lensing (SL) selected galaxy clusters discovered primarily in the Second Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS-2). Our spectroscopic analysis yields redshifts for 52 gravitational arcs present in the core of our galaxy clusters, which correspond to 35 distinct background sources that are clearly distorted by the gravitational potential of these clusters. These lensed galaxies span a wide redshift range of $0.8 \le z \le 2.9$, with a median redshift of $z_s = 1.8 \pm 0.1 $. We also measure reliable redshifts for 1004 cluster members, allowing us to obtain robust velocity dispersion measurements for 23 of these clusters, which we then use to determine their dynamical masses by using a simulation-based $σ_{DM} - M_{200}$ scaling relation. The redshift and mass ranges covered by our SL sample are $0.22 \le z \le 1.01$ and $5 \times10^{13} \le M_{200}/h^{-1}_{70}M_{\odot} \le 1.9\times10^{15}$, respectively. We analyze and quantify some possible effects that might bias our mass estimates, such as the presence of substructure, the region where cluster members are selected for spectroscopic follow-up, the final number of confirmed members, and line-of-sight effects. We find that 10 clusters of our sample with $N_{mem} \gtrsim 20$ show signs of dynamical substructure. However, the velocity data of only one system is inconsistent with a uni-modal distribution. We therefore assume that the substructures are only marginal and not of comparable size to the clusters themselves. Consequently, our velocity dispersion and mass estimates can be used as priors for SL mass reconstruction studies and also represent an important step toward a better understanding of the properties of the SL galaxy cluster population.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Partially dark optical molecule via phase control
Creators: name: Wang, Z. H.
name: Li, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the tunable photonic distribution in an optical molecule consisting of two linearly coupled single-mode cavities. With the inter-cavity coupling and two driving fields, the energy levels of the optical-molecule system form a closed cyclic energy-level diagram, and the phase difference between the driving fields serves as a sensitive controller on the dynamics of the system. Due to the quantum interference effect, we can realize a partially dark optical molecule, where the steady-state mean photon number in one of the cavities achieves zero even under the external driving. And the dark cavity can be changed from one of the cavities to the other by only adjusting the phase difference. Furthermore, we show that when one of the cavities couples with an atomic ensemble, it will be dark under the same condition as that without atoms, but the condition for the other cavity to be dark is modified.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, comments are welcomed
Tomographic reflection modelling of quasi-periodic oscillations in the black hole binary H 1743-322
Creators: name: Ingram, Adam
name: van der Klis, Michiel
name: Middleton, Matthew
name: Altamirano, Diego
name: Uttley, Phil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accreting stellar mass black holes (BHs) routinely exhibit Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). These are often interpreted as Lense-Thirring precession of the inner accretion flow, a relativistic effect whereby the spin of the BH distorts the surrounding space-time, inducing nodal precession. The best evidence for the precession model is the recent discovery, using a long joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observation of H 1743-322, that the centroid energy of the iron fluorescence line changes systematically with QPO phase. This was interpreted as the inner flow illuminating different azimuths of the accretion disc as it precesses, giving rise to a blue/red shifted iron line when the approaching/receding disc material is illuminated. Here, we develop a physical model for this interpretation, including a self-consistent reflection continuum, and fit this to the same H 1743-322 data. We use an analytic function to parameterise the asymmetric illumination pattern on the disc surface that would result from inner flow precession, and find that the data are well described if two bright patches rotate about the disc surface. This model is preferred to alternatives considering an oscillating disc ionisation parameter, disc inner radius and radial emissivity profile. We find that the reflection fraction varies with QPO phase (3.5 sigma), adding to the now formidable body of evidence that Type-C QPOs are a geometric effect. This is the first example of tomographic QPO modelling, initiating a powerful new technique that utilizes QPOs in order to map the dynamics of accreting material close to the BH.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ly$α$ Emitters with Very Large Ly$α$ Equivalent Widths, EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$α$) $\simeq 200-400$ Å, at $z\sim 2$
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Takuya
name: Ouchi, Masami
name: Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
name: Schaerer, Daniel
name: Nakajima, Kimihiko
name: Shibuya, Takatoshi
name: Ono, Yoshiaki
name: Rauch, Michael
name: Goto, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present physical properties of spectroscopically confirmed Ly$α$ emitters (LAEs) with very large rest-frame Ly$α$ equivalent widths EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$α$). Although the definition of large EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$α$) LAEs is usually difficult due to limited statistical and systematic uncertainties, we identify six LAEs selected from $\sim 3000$ LAEs at $z\sim 2$ with reliable measurements of EW$_{\rm 0}$ (Ly$α$) $\simeq 200-400$ Å given by careful continuum determinations with our deep photometric and spectroscopic data. These large EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$α$) LAEs do not have signatures of AGN, but notably small stellar masses of $M_{\rm *} = 10^{7-8}$ $M_{\rm \odot}$ and high specific star-formation rates (star formation rate per unit galaxy stellar mass) of $\sim 100$ Gyr$^{-1}$. These LAEs are characterized by the median values of $L({\rm Lyα})=3.7\times 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and $M_{\rm UV}=-18.0$ as well as the blue UV continuum slope of $β= -2.5\pm0.2$ and the low dust extinction $E(B-V)_{\rm *} = 0.02^{+0.04}_{-0.02}$, which indicate a high median Ly$α$ escape fraction of $f_{\rm esc}^{\rm Lyα}=0.68\pm0.30$. This large $f_{\rm esc}^{\rm Lyα}$ value is explained by the low {\sc Hi} column density in the ISM that is consistent with FWHM of the Ly$α$ line, ${\rm FWHM (Lyα)}=212\pm32$ km s$^{-1}$, significantly narrower than those of small EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$α$) LAEs. Based on the stellar evolution models, our observational constraints of the large EW$_{\rm 0}$ (Ly$α$), the small $β$, and the rest-frame He{\sc ii} equivalent width imply that at least a half of our large EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$α$) LAEs would have young stellar ages of $\lesssim 20$ Myr and very low metallicities of $Z<0.02 Z_\odot$ regardless of the star-formation history.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 23 pages with 16 figures
title: Blockade of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and IL-2 triggering reverses the functional hypoactivity of tumor-derived NK-cells in glioblastomas
Creators: name: Sönmez, Cüneyt
name: Wölfer, Johannes
name: Holling, Markus
name: Brokinkel, Benjamin Legolas
name: Stummer, Walter
name: Wiendl, Heinz
name: Thomas, Christian
name: Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Andreas
name: Grauer, Oliver Martin
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) comprise a group of highly polymorphic inhibitory receptors which are specific for classical HLA class-I molecules. Peripheral blood and freshly prepared tumor cell suspensions (n = 60) as well as control samples (n = 32) were investigated for the distribution, phenotype, and functional relevance of CD158ab/KIR2DL1,-2/3 expressing NK-cells in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. We found that GBM were scarcely infiltrated by NK-cells that preferentially expressed CD158ab/KIR2DL1,-2/3 as inhibitory receptors, displayed reduced levels of the activating receptors CD335/NKp46, CD226/DNAM-1, CD159c/NKG2C, and showed diminished capacity to produce IFN-γ and perforin. Functional hypoactivity of GBM-derived NK-cells persisted despite IL-2 preactivation. Blockade with a specific KIR2DL-1,2/3 monoclonal antibody reversed NK-cell inhibition and significantly enhanced degranulation and IFN-γ production of IL-2 preactivated NK-cells in the presence of primary GBM cells and HLA-C expressing but not HLA class-I deficient K562 cells. Additional analysis revealed that significant amounts of IL-2 could be produced by tumor-derived CD4+ and CD8+CD45RA- memory T-cells after combined anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation. Our data indicate that both blockade of inhibitory KIR and IL-2 triggering of tumor-derived NK-cells are necessary to enhance NK-cell responsiveness in GBM.
description: Finanziert über die DEAL-Vereinbarung mit Wiley 2019-2022.
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Having Independent TE and TM Modes in an Anisotropic Waveguide
Creators: name: Jiang, Wei
name: Liu, Jie
name: Li, Qin
name: Xia, Tian
name: Xu, Yuhua
name: Liu, Na
name: Liu, Qing Huo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether there exist independent transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes in a metallic waveguide filled with an anisotropic medium is a fundamental question in electromagnetics waveguide theory, but so far no definitive answers have been published. This paper establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for having independent TE and TM modes in a waveguide filled with a homogeneous lossless anisotropic medium based on both waveguide theory in electromagnetics and basic knowledge in mathematics. Moreover, for the independent TE modes, we prove the propagation constants obtained from both the longitudinal scalar magnetic field stimulation and the transverse vector electric field stimulation are the same; for the independent TM modes, the propagation constants obtained from both the longitudinal scalar electric field stimulation and the transverse vector magnetic field stimulation are the same. This necessary and sufficient condition is a new theoretical result in electromagnetic waveguide theory, and is expected to be valuable for the design of waveguides filled with anisotropic media.
Scalar field with the source in the form of the stress-energy tensor trace as a dark energy model
Creators: name: Dudko, I. G.
name: Vyblyi, Yu. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a scalar-tensor theory of gravitation with the scalar source being the trace of the stress-energy tensor of the scalar field itself and matter. We obtain an example of a numerical solution of the cosmological equations which shows that under some special choice of the scalar parameters, there exists a slow-roll regime in which the modern values of the Hubble and deceleration parameters may be obtained.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Gravitation and Cosmology
Robust and adjustable C-shaped vortex beams
Creators: name: Mousley, M.
name: Thirunavukkarasu, G.
name: Babiker, M.
name: Yuan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78A15

description: Wavefront engineering is an important quantum technology. Here, we demonstrate the design and production of a robust C-shaped and orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying beam in which the doughnut shaped structure contains an adjustable gap. We find that the presence of the vortex line in the core of the beam is crucial for the robustness of the C-shape against beam propagation. The topological charge of the vortex core controls mainly the size of the C, while its opening angle is controlled by the presence of vortex-anti-vortex loops. We demonstrate the generation and characterisation of C-shaped electron vortex beams, although the result is equally applicable to other quantum waves. Applications of C-shaped vortex beams include lithography, dynamical atom sorting and atomtronics.
description: 5 pages,5 figures
Curated single cell multimodal landmark datasets for R/Bioconductor
Creators: name: Eckenrode, Kelly B.
name: RighelliI, Dario
name: Ramos, Marcel
name: Argelaguet, Ricard
name: Vanderaa, Christophe
name: Geistlinger, Ludwig
name: Culhane, Aedin
name: Gatto, Laurent
name: Carey, Vincent
name: Morgan, Martin
name: Risso, Davide
name: Waldron, Levi
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: BackgroundThe majority of high-throughput single-cell molecular profiling methods quantify RNA expression; however, recent multimodal profiling methods add simultaneous measurementof genomic, proteomic, epigenetic, and/or spatial information on the same cells. The development of new statistical and computational methods in Bioconductor for such data will be facilitated by easy availability of landmark datasets using standard data classes.ResultsWe collected, processed, and packaged publicly available landmark datasets from important single-cell multimodal protocols, including CITE-Seq, ECCITE-Seq, SCoPE2, scNMT, 10X Multiome, seqFISH, and G&T. We integrate data modalities via the MultiAssayExperiment Bioconductor class, document and re-distribute datasets as the SingleCellMultiModal package in Bioconductor’s Cloud-based ExperimentHub. The result is single-command actualization of landmark datasets from seven single-cell multimodal data generation technologies, without need for further data processing or wrangling in order to analyze and develop methods within Bioconductor’s ecosystem of hundreds of packages for single-cell and multimodal data.ConclusionsWe provide two examples of integrative analyses that are greatly simplified by SingleCellMultiModal. The package will facilitate development of bioinformatic and statistical methods in Bioconductor to meet the challenges of integrating molecular layers and analyzing phenotypic outputs including cell differentiation, activity, and disease.
Dynamical Formation of Cataclysmic Variables in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Hong, Jongsuk
name: Vesperini, Enrico
name: Belloni, Diogo
name: Giersz, Mirek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation and evolution of X-ray sources in globular clusters is likely to be affected by the cluster internal dynamics and the stellar interactions in the cluster dense environment.Several observational studies have revealed a correlation between the number of X-ray sources and the stellar encounter rate and provided evidence of the role of dynamics in the formation of X-ray binaries. We have performed a survey of Monte-Carlo simulations aimed at exploring the connection between the dynamics and formation of cataclysmic variables (CVs) and the origin of the observed correlation between the number of these objects, $N_{\rm cv}$, and the stellar encounter rate, $Γ$.The results of our simulations show a correlation between $N_{\rm cv}$ and $Γ$ as found in observational data, illustrate the essential role played by dynamics, and shed light on the dynamical history behind this correlation. CVs in our simulations are more centrally concentrated than single stars with masses close to those of turn-off stars, although this trend is stronger for CVs formed from primordial binaries undergoing exchange encounters, which include a population of more massive CVs absent in the group of CVs formed from binaries not suffering any component exchange.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Topological Approach to Microcanonical Thermodynamics and Phase Transition of Interacting Classical Spins
Creators: name: Santos, F A N
name: da Silva, L C B
name: Coutinho-Filho, M D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a topological approach suitable to establish a connection between thermodynamics and topology in the microcanonical ensemble. Indeed, we report on results that point to the possibility of describing {\it interacting classical spin systems} in the thermodynamic limit, including the occurrence of a phase transition, using topology arguments only. Our approach relies on Morse theory, through the determination of the critical points of the potential energy, which is the proper Morse function. Our main finding is to show that, in the context of the studied classical models, the Euler characteristic $χ(E)$ embeds the necessary features for a correct description of several magnetic thermodynamic quantities of the systems, such as the magnetization, correlation function, susceptibility, and critical temperature. Despite the classical nature of the studied models, such quantities are those that do not violate the laws of thermodynamics [with the proviso that Van der Waals loop states are mean field (MF) artifacts]. We also discuss the subtle connection between our approach using the Euler entropy, defined by the logarithm of the modulus of $χ(E)$ per site, and that using the {\it Boltzmann} microcanonical entropy. Moreover, the results suggest that the loss of regularity in the Morse function is associated with the occurrence of unstable and metastable thermodynamic solutions in the MF case. The reliability of our approach is tested in two exactly soluble systems: the infinite-range and the short-range $XY$ models in the presence of a magnetic field. In particular, we confirm that the topological hypothesis holds for both the infinite-range ($T_c \neq 0$) and the short-range ($T_c = 0$) $XY$ models. Further studies are very desirable in order to clarify the extension of the validity of our proposal.
Analysis of Co-spatial UV-optical STIS Spectra of Planetary Nebula NGC 3242
Creators: name: Miller, Timothy R.
name: Henry, Richard B. C.
name: Balick, Bruce
name: Kwitter, Karen B.
name: Dufour, Reginald J.
name: Shaw, Richard A.
name: Corradi, Romano L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This project sought to consider two important aspects of the planetary nebula NGC 3242 using new long-slit HST/STIS spectra. First, we investigated whether this object is chemically homogeneous by dividing the slit into different regions spatially and calculating the abundances of each region. The major result is that the elements of He, C, O, and Ne are chemically homogeneous within uncertainties across the regions probed, implying that the stellar outflow was well-mixed. Second, we constrained the stellar properties using photoionization models computed by CLOUDY and tested the effects of three different density profiles on these parameters. The three profiles tested were a constant density profile, a Gaussian density profile, and a Gaussian with a power law density profile. The temperature and luminosity were not affected significantly by the choice of density structure. The values for the stellar temperature and luminosity from our best fit model are 89.7$^{+7.3}_{-4.7}$kK and log(L/Lsol)=3.36$^{+0.28}_{-0.22}$, respectively. Comparing to evolutionary models on an HR diagram, this corresponds to an initial and final mass of 0.95$^{+0.35}_{-0.09}$ Msol and 0.56$^{+0.01}_{-0.01}$ Msol, respectively.
description: 41 pages, 5 figures, 12 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Shear dynamics of an inverted nematic emulsion
Creators: name: Tiribocchi, A.
name: Da Re, M.
name: Marenduzzo, D.
name: Orlandini, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we study theoretically the dynamics of a 2D and a 3D isotropic droplet in a nematic liquid crystal under a shear flow. We find a large repertoire of possible nonequilibrium steady states as a function of the shear rate and of the anchoring of the nematic director field at the droplet surface. We first discuss homeotropic anchoring. For weak anchoring, we recover the typical behaviour of a sheared isotropic droplet in a binary fluid, which rotates, stretches and can be broken by the applied flow. For intermediate anchoring, new possibilities arise due to elastic effects in the nematic fluid. We find that in this regime the 2D droplet can tilt and move in the flow, or tumble incessantly at the centre of the channel. For sufficiently strong anchoring, finally, one or both of the topological defects which form close to the surface of the isotropic droplet in equilibrium detach from it and get dragged deep into the nematic state by the flow. In 3D, instead, the Saturn ring associated with normal anchoring disclination line can be deformed and shifted downstream by the flow, but remains always localized in proximity of the droplet, at least for the parameter range we explored. Tangential anchoring in 2D leads to a different dynamic response, as the boojum defects characteristic of this situation can unbind from the droplet under a weaker shear with respect to the normal anchoring case. Our results should stimulate further experiments with inverted liquid crystal emulsions under shear, as most of the predictions can be testable in principle by monitoring the evolution of liquid crystalline orientation patterns or by tracking the position and shape of the droplet over time.
description: Accepted on Soft Matter. 22 pages, 14 figures, 8 movies
An Exploration of the Statistical Signatures of Stellar Feedback
Creators: name: Boyden, Ryan D.
name: Koch, Eric W.
name: Rosolowsky, Erik W.
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All molecular clouds are observed to be turbulent, but the origin, means of sustenance, and evolution of the turbulence remain debated. One possibility is that stellar feedback injects enough energy into the cloud to drive observed motions on parsec scales. Recent numerical studies of molecular clouds have found that feedback from stars, such as protostellar outflows and winds, injects energy and impacts turbulence. We expand upon these studies by analyzing magnetohydrodynamic simulations of molecular clouds, including stellar winds, with a range of stellar mass-loss rates and magnetic field strengths. We generate synthetic $^{12}$CO(1-0) maps assuming that the simulations are at the distance of the nearby Perseus molecular cloud. By comparing the outputs from different initial conditions and evolutionary times, we identify differences in the synthetic observations and characterize these using common astrostatistics. We quantify the different statistical responses using a variety of metrics proposed in the literature. We find that multiple astrostatistics, including principal component analysis, the spectral correlation function and the velocity coordinate spectrum, are sensitive to changes in stellar mass-loss rates and/or time evolution. A few statistics, including the Cramer statistic and velocity coordinate spectrum, are sensitive to the magnetic field strength. These findings demonstrate that stellar feedback influences molecular cloud turbulence and can be identified and quantified observationally using such statistics.
description: 22 pages, 23 figures, accepted to ApJ
The Age of the KIC 7177553 System
Creators: name: MacDonald, James
name: Mullan, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: KIC 7177553 is a quadruple system containing two binaries of orbital periods 16.5 and 18 d. All components have comparable masses and are slowly rotating, non-evolved stars of spectral type near G2V. The longer period binary is eclipsing with component masses and radii, M1 = 1.043 +/- 0.014 M_sun, R1 = 0.940 +/- 0.005 R_sun, and M2 = 0.986 +/- 0.015 M_sun, R2 = 0.941 +/- 0.005 R_sun. The essentially equal radii measurements are inconsistent with the two stars being on the main sequence at the same age using standard stellar evolution models. Instead a consistent scenario is found if the stars are in their pre-main sequence phase of evolution and have age 33 - 36 Myr. Such a young age has important implications for the detectability of the massive planet indicated by eclipse time variations.
Solidaristic inclusion through healthcare
Creators: name: Spahl, Wanda
Publisher: name: Eurac Research
Year: 2022

description: Healthcare in the context of forced migration is not only about meeting medical needs. Using the services of the public health system is also important for political inclusion, as the example of Austria shows. Possessing a personal electronic health card or sharing the waiting room at the general practitioner's gives refugees a sense of belonging as patients among other patients.
Rapid radio brightening of GRB 210702A
Creators: name: Andersson, Gabriella
name: Russell, T. D.
name: Fausey, H. M.
name: van der Horst, A. J.
name: Hancock, P. J.
name: Bahramian, A.
name: Bell, M. E.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Rowell, G.
name: Sammons, M. W.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Galvin, T. J.
name: Goodwin, A. J.
name: Konno, R.
name: Rowlinson, A.
name: Ryder, S. D.
name: Schussler, F.
name: Wagner, S. J.
name: Zhu, S. J.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 520

description: We observed the rapid radio brightening of GRB 210702A with the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) just 11hr post-burst, tracking early-time radio variability over a 5hr period on ~15min timescales at 9.0, 16.7, and 21.2GHz. A broken power-law fit to the 9.0GHz light curve showed that the 5hr flare peaked at a flux density of 0.4+/-0.1mJy at ~13hr post-burst with a steep rise and decline. The observed temporal and spectral evolution are not expected in the standard internal-external shock model, where forward and reverse shock radio emission evolves on much longer timescales. The early-time (<1day) optical and X-ray light curves from the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory demonstrated typical afterglow forward shock behaviour, allowing us to use blast wave physics to determine a likely homogeneous circumburst medium and an emitting electron population power-law index of p=2.9+/-0.1. We suggest the early-time radio flare is likely due to weak interstellar scintillation (ISS), which boosted the radio afterglow emission above the ATCA sensitivity limit on minute timescales. Using weak ISS relations, we were able to place an upper limit on the size of the blast wave of $\leq6 \times 10^{16}$cm in the plane of the sky, which is consistent with the theoretical forward shock size prediction of $8\times10^{16}$cm for GRB 210702A at ~13h post-burst. This represents the earliest ISS size constraint on a GRB blast wave to date, demonstrating the importance of rapid (<1day) radio follow-up of GRBs using several-hour integrations to capture the early afterglow evolution, and to track scintillation over a broad frequency range.
On the deformation of inversive distance circle packings, II
Creators: name: Ge, Huabin
name: Jiang, Wenshuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the results in \cite{Ge-Jiang1} are still true in hyperbolic background geometry setting, that is, the solution to Chow-Luo's combinatorial Ricci flow can always be extended to a solution that exists for all time, furthermore, the extended solution converges exponentially fast if and only if there exists a metric with zero curvature. We also give some results about the range of discrete Gaussian curvatures, which generalize Andreev-Thurston's theorem to some extent.
description: Comments are welcome
Flavor from the double tetrahedral group without supersymmetry
Creators: name: Carone, Christopher D.
name: Chaurasia, Shikha
name: Vasquez, Savannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of flavor models proposed by Aranda, Carone and Lebed, relaxing the assumption of supersymmetry and allowing the flavor scale to float anywhere between the weak and Planck scales. We perform global fits to the charged fermion masses and CKM angles, and consider the dependence of the results on the unknown mass scale of the flavor sector. We find that the typical Yukawa textures in these models provide a good description of the data over a wide range of flavor scales, with a preference for those that approach the lower bounds allowed by flavor-changing-neutral-current constraints. Nevertheless, the possibility that the flavor scale and Planck scale are identified remains viable. We present models that demonstrate how the assumed textures can arise most simply in a non-supersymmetric framework.
description: 23 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure
Gradient dynamics models for liquid films with soluble surfactant
Creators: name: Thiele, Uwe
name: Archer, Andrew J.
name: Pismen, Len M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we propose equations of motion for the dynamics of liquid films of surfactant suspensions that consist of a general gradient dynamics framework based on an underlying energy functional. This extends the gradient dynamics approach to dissipative non-equilibrium thin film systems with several variables, and casts their dynamic equations into a form that reproduces Onsager's reciprocity relations. We first discuss the general form of gradient dynamics models for an arbitrary number of fields and discuss simple well-known examples with one or two fields. Next, we develop the gradient dynamics (three field) model for a thin liquid film covered by soluble surfactant and discuss how it automatically results in consistent convective (driven by pressure gradients, Marangoni forces and Korteweg stresses), diffusive, adsorption/desorption, and evaporation fluxes. We then show that in the dilute limit, the model reduces to the well-known hydrodynamic form that includes Marangoni fluxes due to a linear equation of state. In this case the energy functional incorporates wetting energy, surface energy of the free interface (constant contribution plus an entropic term) and bulk mixing entropy. Subsequently, as an example, we show how various extensions of the energy functional result in consistent dynamical models that account for nonlinear equations of state, concentration-dependent wettability and surfactant and film bulk decomposition phase transitions. We conclude with a discussion of further possible extensions towards systems with micelles, surfactant adsorption at the solid substrate and bioactive behaviour.
Microcalorimeter pulse analysis by means of principle component decomposition
Creators: name: de Vries, C. P.
name: Schouten, R. M.
name: van der Kuur, J.
name: Gottardi, L.
name: Akamatsu, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray integral field unit for the Athena mission consists of a microcalorimeter transition edge sensor pixel array. Incoming photons generate pulses which are analyzed in terms of energy, in order to assemble the X-ray spectrum. Usually this is done by means of optimal filtering in either time or frequency domain. In this paper we investigate an alternative method by means of principle component analysis. This method attempts to find the main components of an orthogonal set of functions to describe the data. We show, based on simulations, what the influence of various instrumental effects is on this type of analysis. We compare analyses both in time and frequency domain. Finally we apply these analyses on real data, obtained via frequency domain multiplexing readout.
description: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation; conference contribution
title: Epidemiology and community analysis of stem end rot-associated fungal pathogens and their impact on postharvest disease of commercial avocado (Persea americana)
Creators: name: Fostvedt Austin, Jessica Erin
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2022

description: Consumer demand for high quality avocados is increasing, owing to the fruit’s versatility and high nutritional value. However, avocados suffer from a variety of fungal diseases responsible for decay and loss of yield. A necrotising condition known as Stem End Rot (SER) infects the fruit before ripening and spreads from the stem attachment point down into the mesocarp tissues following exogenous ethylene exposure or during endogenous developmental ripening signals. The fungal pathogens can be partially mitigated with modern fungicides, but the high proportion of fruit that are still failing to meet postharvest quality standards indicates that preharvest fungicide application is an insufficient strategy to prevent crop loss and waste. Much of the current research is focused on fungal communities in the field, and little is known about pathogen species after the fruit enter the supply chain downstream of the orchard. To investigate the impact of SER associated pathogens at the end of the supply chain, fungal pathogens were cultured from the stem-end of avocados collected from the Greencell distribution centre in Spalding, UK. Fruit physiological characteristics, disease symptoms, and orchard location data were paired with fungal pathogens cultured from each avocado. Factors such as rainfall, temperature, and wind are known to affect which pathogen species thrive in the orchard environment. Koch analysis principles coupled with ITS sequencing were used to establish causation of SER by specific fungal species. A key question was whether the fungal species present from fruit obtained from a specific orchard varied between location and climate type. Climactic data was paired with historical records of disease incidence for selected orchards managed by the Greencell distribution centre. By correlating the identity of the isolated SER causal species with the known abiotic factors and orchard data, this research contributes to a better understanding of pathogen ecology. Whole genome sequencing of identical morphotypes obtained from different countries of origin provided an insight into the genetic variation present within SER-causing species and illustrated that the country of origin for avocados can harbour multiple strains of the same fungal species. These data lay the foundation for further study of SER causal species ecology and the development of targeted mitigation strategies.
Exact and Positive Controllability of Boundary Control Systems
Creators: name: Engel, Klaus-Jochen
name: Fijavž, Marjeta Kramar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93B05, 47N70, 35R02

description: Using the semigroup approach to abstract boundary control problems we characterize the space of all exactly reachable states. Moreover, we study the situation when the controls of the system are required to be positive. The abstract results are applied to flows in networks with static as well as dynamic boundary conditions.