cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Einsteinian gravitational concepts throughout secondary school
Creators: name: McInerney, Corey
name: Sutton, Phil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein's theory of relativity is largely thought of as one of the most important discoveries of the 20$^{th}$ century and continues to pass observational tests over 100 years later. Yet, it is Newtonian gravity, a 350 year old formalism proven to be less accurate than relativity, which is taught in schools. It has been shown that Einsteinian gravitational concepts can be well understood by students in both primary and secondary education. In this paper, a cross-section of students from Yr 7-13 enrolled in an English secondary school took part in an intervention designed to introduce the idea of gravity from spacetime curvature. The overall aim of this work is to assess the viability of including relativity in the secondary curriculum and to ascertain which year this material would be best placed in. We determine that all year groups where able to appreciate the effects of curvature to some extent. Visual demonstrations aided conceptual understanding at Yr 7-8 level, but this does not have a strong effect on their ideas around the source of the gravitational force. Participants in Yr 9-13 were able to understand concepts beyond those introduced in the demonstrations. However, a deeper understanding of curvature as the source of the gravitational force is not seen until years 12 & 13. We find that those in Yr 13 have the best overall understanding of the concepts introduced during our intervention.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables. Accepted to Physics Education. Supplementary results added to appendix
Additional file 7 of Perinatal environment shapes microbiota colonization and infant growth: impact on host response and intestinal function
Creators: name: M. Selma-Royo
name: M. Calatayud Arroyo
name: I. García-Mantrana
name: A. Parra-Llorca
name: R. Escuriet
name: C. Martínez-Costa
name: Collado, M. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 7. Microbial functions related to amino acids metabolism computationally predicted present in neonatal microbiota along the first month of life.
title: Not Just Full of Hot Air: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Increases Survival in Cases of Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Creators: name: Shaw, Joshua L.
name: Psoinos, Charles M.
name: Emhoff, Timothy A.
name: Santry, Heena
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: INTRODUCTION: The utility of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment for necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) has not been proven. Previous studies have been subject to significant selection bias since HBOT is not universally available at all medical centers and there is often considerable delay associated with its initiation. We examined the utility of HBOT for the treatment of NSTI in the modern era by isolating centers that have their own HBOT facilities.

METHODS: We queried all centers in the University Health Consortium (UHC) database from 2008 to 2010 that have their own HBOT facilities (N=14). Cases of NSTI were identified by ICD-9 diagnosis codes, which included Fournier’s gangrene (608.83), necrotizing fascitis (728.86), and gas gangrene (040.0). HBOT treatment status was identified by the presence (HBOT) or absence (CONTROL) of ICD-9 procedure code (93.95). We then risk stratified and matched our cohort by UHC’s validated severity of illness (SOI) score. Comparisons were then made using univariate tests of association and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS: There were 1,583 NSTI cases at the 14 HBOT-capable centers. 117 (7%) cases were treated with HBOT. Risk stratified univariate outcomes are summarized in the table. There was no difference between HBOT and CONTROL groups in hospital length of stay (LOS), direct cost, complications, and mortality across the three less severe SOI classes (minor, moderate, and major). However, for extreme SOI the HBOT group had fewer complications (45% vs. 66%; p<0.01) and fewer deaths (4% vs. 23%; <0.01) while there were no differences in LOS and cost. Multivariable analysis identified age (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.44 – 0.68) and SOI (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.21 – 0.40) as independent predictors of survival. HBOT increased the odds of surviving the index hospitalization (OR 8.8; CI 95% 4.4 – 20.4).

CONCLUSION: At HBOT capable centers, receiving HBOT was associated with a significant survival benefit. HBOT in conjunction with current practices for the treatment of NSTI can be both a cost effective and life saving therapy.
Additional file 6 of Perinatal environment shapes microbiota colonization and infant growth: impact on host response and intestinal function
Creators: name: M. Selma-Royo
name: M. Calatayud Arroyo
name: I. García-Mantrana
name: A. Parra-Llorca
name: R. Escuriet
name: C. Martínez-Costa
name: Collado, M. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 6. Quantitative analysis of intestinal microbiota from infants born at hospital (vaginal and C-section delivery) and at home across the first month of life.
title: Gene Expression and Profiling of Human Islet Cell Subtypes
Creators: name: Blodgett, David M.
name: Pechhold, Susanne
name: Harlan, David M.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: The endocrine pancreas contains multiple cell types co-localized into clusters called the islets of Langerhans. The predominant cell types include alpha and beta cells, which produce glucagon and insulin, respectively. The regulated release of these hormones maintains whole body glucose homeostasis, essential to prevent complications from diabetes (e.g. blindness, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease). In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune reaction destroys the beta cells and patients must monitor their blood sugar levels and inject insulin in order to maintain euglycemia. In type 2 diabetes, the beta cells fail to produce sufficient insulin to overcome the individual’s decreased insulin sensitivity. Most studies to date have focused on whole islets, which are very heterogeneous. Recent focus has shifted to studying the individual islet cell subsets (i.e. alpha, beta, delta, PP, and other cell types). Unlike immunological cells, surface molecule reagents do not yet exist to specifically distinguish beta from alpha cells. We have successfully isolated pure populations of insulin producing beta cells and glucagon producing alpha cells by using intracellular hormone staining and fluorescence activated cell sorting. We present data that describe the ratio of beta cells to alpha cells across gender, age, and BMI. Further, we have characterized the miRNA profiles of alpha and beta cells and have begun to investigate the unique gene expression patterns of the two cell types. By developing the ability to profile multiple characteristics of alpha and beta cells, we hope to determine how gene, miRNA, and protein profiles change under environmental conditions that lead to beta cell failure, and others that may promote beta cell health or stimulate beta cell growth and proliferation.
The First Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of Contact Binary V2840 Cygni
Creators: name: Pothuneni, Ravi Raja
name: Devarapalli, Shanti Priya
name: Jagirdar, Rukmini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first photometric, spectroscopic, and period variation studies of neglected short-period eclipsing binary V2840 Cygni are presented. High Mass Ratio Contact Binaries, especially those in the weak-contact configuration are vital while probing into the evolutionary models of CBs using stellar parameters. The photometric solutions reveal the weak-contact nature of V2840 Cygni with a high mass ratio ($\sim1.36$), motivating us to investigate the nature of such binaries. The period variation study of V2840 Cygni spanning for 15 years shows a secular period decrease at a rate of $\sim5.5\times10^{-7}$d/yr indicating mass transfer between the components. The superimposed cyclic variation provides a basic understanding of the possible third body (P$_3$ $\sim8$ yr, m$_3$ $\sim0.51$M$_\odot$). Following the derived parameters, the evolution of the system is discussed based on Thermal Relaxation Oscillation (TRO) model. It is found that V2840 Cygni falls in a special category of HMRCBs, that validates TRO. To characterise the nature of HMRCBs, a catalog of 59 CBs with high mass ratios has been compiled along with their derived parameters from the literature. For all the HMRCBs in the study, a possible correlation between their contact configuration and observed period variations for relative log\emph{J$_{rel}$} is discussed. The spectroscopic study of V2840 Cygni provides evidence of the presence of magnetic activity in the system and the existence of ongoing mass transfer which is additionally deduced from the period variation study. The LAMOST spectra of 17 HMRCBs are collected to interpret the stellar magnetic activity in such systems.
Self-regularization of projection methods with a posteriori discretization level choice for severely ill-posed problems
Creators: name: Bruckner, Gottfried
name: Pereverzev, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: severely ill-posed problems
subject: regularization by discretization
subject: projection methods
subject: integral equation of the first kind
subject: 65R30
subject: 65J20

description: It is well known that projection schemes for certain linear ill-posed problems A퓍 = y can be regularized by a proper choice of the discretization level only, where no additional regularization is needed. The previous study of this self-regularization phenomenon was restricted to the case of so-called moderately ill-posed problems, i.e., when the singular values σ푘(A), 푘 = 1,2,..., of the operator A tend to zero with polynomial rate. The main accomplishment of the present paper is a new strategy for a discretization level choice that provides optimal order accuracy also for severely ill-posed problems, i.e., when σ푘(A) tend to zero exponentially. The proposed strategy does not require a priori information regarding the solution smoothness and the exact rate of σ푘(A).
MatChat: A Large Language Model and Application Service Platform for Materials Science
Creators: name: Chen, Ziyi
name: Xie, Fankai
name: Wan, Meng
name: Yuan, Yang
name: Liu, Miao
name: Wang, Zongguo
name: Meng, Sheng
name: Wang, Yangang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The prediction of chemical synthesis pathways plays a pivotal role in materials science research. Challenges, such as the complexity of synthesis pathways and the lack of comprehensive datasets, currently hinder our ability to predict these chemical processes accurately. However, recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (GAI), including automated text generation and question-answering systems, coupled with fine-tuning techniques, have facilitated the deployment of large-scale AI models tailored to specific domains. In this study, we harness the power of the LLaMA2-7B model and enhance it through a learning process that incorporates 13,878 pieces of structured material knowledge data. This specialized AI model, named MatChat, focuses on predicting inorganic material synthesis pathways. MatChat exhibits remarkable proficiency in generating and reasoning with knowledge in materials science. Although MatChat requires further refinement to meet the diverse material design needs, this research undeniably highlights its impressive reasoning capabilities and innovative potential in the field of materials science. MatChat is now accessible online and open for use, with both the model and its application framework available as open source. This study establishes a robust foundation for collaborative innovation in the integration of generative AI in materials science.
title: Cost Utility of Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence [poster abstract]
Creators: name: Von Bargen, Emily
name: Patterson, Danielle
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Objective: There are many possible treatment options for stress urinary incontinence. We sought to investigate the cost-utility of non-surgical versus surgical treatments.

Study Design: A decision analysis model was created to compare non-surgical and surgical treatment options for healthy women with stress urinary incontinence. Decision paths included conservative management, pelvic floor physical therapy, pelvic floor physical therapy with electrical stimulation, incontinence pessary and surgical treatment with a midurethral sling. A Markov model cohort analysis was performed with a cycle length of one year starting at age 45 with a lifetime horizon. Probabilities, success rates and utilities for health outcomes were obtained from the literature or, when unavailable, by expert opinion. A cost utility analysis was performed using US recommendations from a societal perspective. This includes cost to the patient and the health plan. Cost data was obtained from Medicare reimbursement in 2012 US dollars. Cost and quality adjusted life years were discounted at 3% per year. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test the validity of our model.

Results: Analysis of the model showed that incontinence pessary was the most cost-effective treatment option with a cost of $11,411 for 18.9 quality adjusted life years. At a willingness to pay threshold of $50,000, incontinence pessary remained the most cost-effective treatment option. At a willingness to pay threshold of $60,000, surgery became the most cost-effective treatment option. Pelvic floor physical therapy and pelvic floor physical therapy with electrical stimulation were dominated at any willingness to pay threshold.

Conclusion: This model shows that surgical correction is likely the most cost-effective treatment option for young healthy women with stress urinary incontinence. These results are driven by the high success rate of minimally invasive slings compared to other treatment modalities. More studies are needed to define utility values for heath states experienced by women with stress urinary incontinence. This will enhance our ability to develop more accurate cost-utility models and offer the best treatment for women affected by incontinence.
Inertial measurement units for tracking human pose and motions
Creators: name: LaCanna, Casey Quinn
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: This thesis presents the development of CAM, a Cranial Angle Monitor, using a Metawear CproInertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The goal of CAM is to measure static cranial position, so themajor task was to optimize the accuracy and stability of components of the IMU, by developing algorithms to compensate for errors. It was found that the gyroscope drift was linear, but variedamong IMUs and among axes. Gyroscope performance was measured during multiple test runsunder static conditions, to test the influence of several parameters, including, device, axis, runtime, orientation, and time between runs. Drifts between devices and the 3 angular axes weretested and found to be inconsistent and could not be used for calibration. Other factors, including run duration, orientation, and time between runs, did not significantly influence repeatability, andresults were consistent within 1°/min. Static tests were done with the IMU sitting on a table or attached to a vertical surface. Dynamic tests were done with the IMU fixed to a robotic arm androtated 1 radian in each gyroscope axis individually to determine the sensor’s accuracy. While theIMU proved highly accurate for dynamic motions, with < 0.33 degrees error, the inherent baseline drift of the gyroscope proved too large for static applications of hour long testing, suchas HoBE tracking in hospitals. These results provide the first systematic test of factorsinfluencing IMU accuracy in static and dynamic conditions for the CAM.
title: Medication Errors in the Home: A Multisite Study of Children with Cancer
Creators: name: Walsh, Kathleen E.
name: Roblin, Douglas W.
name: Weingart, Saul N.
name: Houlahan, Kathleen E.
name: Degar, Barbara
name: Billett, Amy
name: Keuker, Christopher P.
name: Biggins, Colleen
name: Li, Justin
name: Wasilewski, Karen
name: Mazor, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Context: As treatment for many illnesses shifts from the hospital to the home, medications previously managed by nurses are now managed by patients and their families. Oral chemotherapy and other cancer-related medications are commonly administered to children with cancer at home by their parents.

Objective: To describe the types of errors occurring in the home medication management of children with cancer.

Design: In a prospective observational study at three pediatric oncology clinics in the Northeast and Southeast US, patients undergoing chemotherapy and their parents were recruited from 11/2007-4/2011. We reviewed medical records and checked prescription doses. A trained nurse visited the home, reviewed medication bottles and directly observed administration. Two physicians independently made judgments regarding whether an error occurred and its severity. Overall rates of errors were weighted to account for clustering within sites.

Results: For 92 patients, we reviewed 963 medications and observed 242 medication administrations. We found 72 medication errors. Four errors led to significant patient injury. An additional 40 errors had potential for injury: 2 were life-threatening, 13 serious and 25 significant. Error rates varied between study sites (40 -121 errors per 100 patients); the weighted overall rate was 70.2 errors per 100 patients (95%CI: 58.9-81.6). The weighted rate of errors with injury was 3.6 (1.7-5.5) per 100 patients and with potential to injure the patient was 36.3 (29.3-43.3) per 100 patients. Errors occurred most often in medication administration (e.g.: failure to change doses as instructed), prescribing, and labeling (e.g.: 2 wrong frequency). Errors less often involved chemotherapy than other medications. Clinicians were unaware of 82% of the errors in their patients’ homes.

Conclusions: In a multisite study of outpatient pediatric cancer care, medication errors were common. Rates of preventable medication-related injuries in this outpatient population were comparable or higher than that found in studies of hospitalized patients.
A CW superconducting linac as the proton driver for a medium baseline neutrino beam in China
Creators: name: Li, Zhihui
name: Tang, Jingyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a long-term planning for neutrino experiments in China, a medium baseline neutrino beam is proposed which uses a CW superconducting linac of 15 MW in beam power as the proton driver. The linac will be based on the technologies which are under development by the China-ADS project, but with much weaker requirement on reliability. It is composed of a 3.2-MeV normal conducting RFQ and 5 different types of superconducting cavities. The nominal design energy and current are 1.5 GeV and 10 mA, respectively. The general considerations and preliminary results on the physics design will be presented here. In addition, the alternative designs such as 2.0 GeV and 2.5 GeV as they may be required by the general design can be easily extended from the nominal one.
description: 8 pages
title: Biodegradable Wound Dressing for Skin Regeneration
Creators: name: Wharram, Scott E.
name: McCarthy, Stephen
name: Dunn, Raymond
name: Ignotz, Ronald A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Using the delayed healing model of diabetic (db/db) mice, we evaluated the ability of a novel silk based dressing to facilitate healing of full-thickness excisional wounds. Silk protein from Bombyx mori was used to create wound dressings via a proprietary electrospinning technique. The resulting dressing is vapor and air transmissible. Eight millimeter diameter full-thickness wounds were created on the backs of diabetic mice and covered with either a standard (n=12) telfa-gauze or the silk (n=12) dressing. At 2 day intervals, the telfa dressings were removed, the wounds photographed, measured and fresh dressings placed. For mice receiving the silk dressing, it was allowed to remain in place unless it became dislodged. In that case, a fresh dressing was placed into the wound bed. Wound healing was followed for 21 days at which time the mice were sacrificed, the wound areas excised and subjected to H & E and Trichrome staining. Wounds covered with the silk dressings developed an eschar encompassing the silk whereas wounds dressed with gauze remained moist and without eschar throughout the study period. Upon histologic examination, 1 of the gauze dressed wounds developed a complete epithelial layer across the wound. The remaining 11 wounds had large areas remaining without an epithelial cover. In contrast, 5 of 12 mice receiving the silk dressing developed complete epithelial layers, 2 additional mice had very small areas remaining without a complete epithelium. The remaining 5 had modest areas without an epithelial covering. The ability of silk dressings to permit the formation of an eschar versus gauze in which the wounds remained wet may contribute significantly to the healing response observed. These results suggest that the breathable, vapor transmissible nature of the silk dressing may be an effective dressing for difficult to heal wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers.
The Scaling of Weak Field Phase-Only Control in Markovian Dynamics
Creators: name: Am-Shallem, Morag
name: Kosloff, Ronnie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider population transfer in open quantum systems, which are described by quantum dynamical semigroups (QDS). Using second order perturbation theory of the Lindblad equation, we show that it depends on a weak external field only through the field's autocorrelation function (ACF), which is phase independent. Therefore, for leading order in perturbation, QDS cannot support dependence of the population transfer on the phase properties of weak fields. We examine an example of weak-field phase-dependent population transfer, and show that the phase-dependence comes from the next order in the perturbation.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures
Zonal flow scaling in rapidly-rotating compressible convection
Creators: name: Gastine, T.
name: Heimpel, M.
name: Wicht, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface winds of Jupiter and Saturn are primarily zonal. Each planet exhibits strong prograde equatorial flow flanked by multiple alternating zonal winds at higher latitudes. The depth to which these flows penetrate has long been debated and is still an unsolved problem. Previous rotating convection models that obtained multiple high latitude zonal jets comparable to those on the giant planets assumed an incompressible (Boussinesq) fluid, which is unrealistic for gas giant planets. Later models of compressible rotating convection obtained only few high latitude jets which were not amenable to scaling analysis. Here we present 3-D numerical simulations of compressible convection in rapidly-rotating spherical shells. To explore the formation and scaling of high-latitude zonal jets, we consider models with a strong radial density variation and a range of Ekman numbers, while maintaining a zonal flow Rossby number characteristic of Saturn. All of our simulations show a strong prograde equatorial jet outside the tangent cylinder. At low Ekman numbers several alternating jets form in each hemisphere inside the tangent cylinder. To analyse jet scaling of our numerical models and of Jupiter and Saturn, we extend Rhines scaling based on a topographic $β$-parameter, which was previously applied to an incompressible fluid in a spherical shell, to compressible fluids. The jet-widths predicted by this modified Rhines length are found to be in relatively good agreement with our numerical model results and with cloud tracking observations of Jupiter and Saturn.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in PEPI
Evolutionary Deep Nets for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring
Creators: name: Wang, Jinsong
name: Loparo, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is an energy efficiency technique to track electricity consumption of an individual appliance in a household by one aggregated single, such as building level meter readings. The goal of NILM is to disaggregate the appliance from the aggregated singles by computational method. In this work, deep learning approaches are implemented to operate the desegregations. Deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and recurrent neural networks are employed for this operation. Additionally, sparse evolutionary training is applied to accelerate training efficiency of each deep learning model. UK-Dale dataset is used for this work.
Additional file 5 of Perinatal environment shapes microbiota colonization and infant growth: impact on host response and intestinal function
Creators: name: M. Selma-Royo
name: M. Calatayud Arroyo
name: I. García-Mantrana
name: A. Parra-Llorca
name: R. Escuriet
name: C. Martínez-Costa
name: Collado, M. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 5. Core group of neonatal microbiota composition at genus level over the first moth of life.
title: Development of Lateral Flow Fluorescence Assay for the Detection of Trypanosoma
Creators: name: Wang, Yuhong
name: Nugen, Sam
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Trypanosoma such as Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agents for African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, respectively, have important influence on human health. The methods such as microscopic examination, immunological methods, and molecular methods are used for the identification and detection of Trypanosoma, but none of these methods are ideal to mass screening of samples such as onset of outbreak, epidemiological surveys, and blood unit screening. Therefore, there is a need for an assay which can rapidly, sensitively and specifically detect Trypanosoma.

In this study, Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica nanoparticles (RuSNP) were used to target nucleic acid sequences in a lateral flow fluorescent assay. This assay was developed to improve the sensitivity and lower the limit of detection as compared to the traditional lateral flow assay. The assay targeted both the spliced leader sequence as well as the polyA tail of the mRNA. The surface of spherical RuSNP was modified by glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GOPTMS). Amine-terminated oligonucleotides as a bioreceptor were immobilized onto the RuSNP via the interaction between the NH2 and the epoxy group of the GOPTMS. The conjugate complexes formed were immobilized on the conjugate pad, and the capture oligonucleotides used for test and control lines were immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane. The effects of the amount of RuSNP, GOPTMS, amine-capped oligonucleotides, and capture oligonucleotides on the test line on the performance of the test strips were investigated and optimized. The fluorescence intensity was evaluated by using a fluorescent microplate reader.

The experimental results showed that the nucleic acid sequence-based and RuSNP-labeled lateral flow assay was very sensitive compared with the gold-labeled test strips and the chemiluminescent test strips we developed previously, and that the limit of detection (LOD) of the test strips developed is 0.4 fmol. The LOD can further be reduced about one order of magnitude when dipstick format was used.
title: Endemic Gallbladder Cancer: Is There a Role for Prophylactic Cholecystectomy?
Creators: name: Witkowski, Elan R.
name: Ragulin Coyne, Elizaveta
name: McDade, Theodore P.
name: Chen, Lili
name: Santry, Heena
name: Shah, Shimul A.
name: Tseng, Jennifer F.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an often lethal malignancy with variable distribution. Incidence in the United States is low. However, in areas of Central/South America, Central Europe, Japan, and the Indian subcontinent, GBC is a major cause of cancer death. Cholecystectomy is safe and commonly performed worldwide. Thus, prophylactic cholecystectomy (PCCY) has been proposed in regions with endemic GBC. We developed a simple decision model to assist caregivers in determining the optimal strategy for managing GBC based on local incidence and technological capabilities.

Methods: Rates of disease and outcomes were derived from a review of the literature. Using TreeAge-Pro software, a decision model was created to simulate expected health outcomes for populations with high GBC incidence, following 3 treatment strategies: no early intervention, one-time screening ultrasound (US), or PCCY. Lifetime cancer-specific survival was the outcome of interest. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine threshold values.

Results: Based on our model, populations where lifetime risk of GBC exceeds 0.4% may benefit from early intervention by US or PCCY. Two-way sensitivity analysis shows that over a relatively narrow range of disease incidence, US may be favored if sensitivity exceeds 50%. In many cases where lifetime risk exceeds 1%, PCCY may improve survival.

Conclusions: GBC varies in incidence, but affects many individuals in some populations in the Americas. The lethality of GBC may justify aggressive public health intervention including screening or prophylactic cholecystectomy. Decision analysis models using best-available evidence may help determine the optimal treatment of individuals at risk for GBC.
Additional file 4 of Perinatal environment shapes microbiota colonization and infant growth: impact on host response and intestinal function
Creators: name: M. Selma-Royo
name: M. Calatayud Arroyo
name: I. García-Mantrana
name: A. Parra-Llorca
name: R. Escuriet
name: C. Martínez-Costa
name: Collado, M. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 4. Taxonomic biomarkers of microbiota composition of each group depending on place and mode of delivery.
title: CD81/CD9 tetraspanins aid plasmacytoid dendritic cells in recognition of HCV-infected cells and induction of IFNα
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuye
name: Kodys, Karen
name: Szabo, Gyongyi
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Recognition of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected hepatocyes and interferon (IFN) induction are critical in antiviral immune response. We hypothesized that cell-cell contact between pDCs and HCV-infected cells was required for IFNα induction via involvement of cell surface molecules. Co-culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with genotype 1a full length HCV genomic replicon cells (FL) or genotype 2a JFH-1 virus infected hepatoma cells (JFH-1), not with uninfected hepatoma cells (Huh7.5), induced IFNα production. Depletion of pDCs from PBMCs attenuated IFNα release and purified pDCs produced high levels of IFNα after co-culture with FL replicons or JFH-1 infected cells. IFNα induction by HCV-containing hepatoma cells required viral replication, direct cell-cell contact with pDCs, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. We determined that the tetraspanin proteins, CD81 and CD9 and not other HCV entry receptors were required for IFNα induction in pDCs by HCV infected hepatoma cells. Disruption of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains, the localization site of CD81 or inhibition of CD81 downstream molecule, Rac GTPase, inhibited IFNα production from co-cultures. IFNα production by HCV infected hepatoma cells was decreased in pDCs from HCV infected patients compared to normal controls. We found that pre-exposure of normal PBMCs to HCV viral particles attenuated IFNα induction by HCV infected hepatoma cells or TLR ligands and this inhibitory effect could be prevented by an anti-HCV E2 blocking antibody. In conclusion, our novel data show that recognition of HCV-infected hepatoma cells by pDCs involves CD81/CD9-associated membrane microdomains and induces potent IFNα production.
title: Foregut Surgery in the Modern Era: A National Survey
Creators: name: Chau, Zeling
name: Smith, Jillian K.
name: Witkowski, Elan R.
name: Ragulin-Coyne, Elizaveta
name: Kent, Tara S.
name: Tseng, Jennifer F.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Background: Foregut surgery is technically complex. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to high-stakes surgery outcomes, including mortality and complications. In addition, the use of advanced technology including minimally invasive approaches has been introduced. The current study aims to determine national trends in utilization and outcomes of potentially curative cancer resections of the foregut, including esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreas.

Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried to identify all esophageal, gastric, liver and pancreas resections performed for cancer during 1998-2009. Annual incidence, major in-hospital postoperative complications, length of stay and in-hospital mortality were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analysis performed by chi square and logistic regression. For all comparisons, p-values

Results: 298,871 patients (nationally-weighted) underwent cancer directed foregut surgery 1998-2009. Of those 19,002 (6%) were esophagectomies, 123,198 (41%) were gastrectomies, 62,313 (21%) were hepatectomies and 94,358 (32%) were pancreatectomies. From early years (1998-2000) to late years (2007-2009) use of laparoscopy in foregut surgery increased from 3% to 5%. Laparoscopy in esophagectomy increased the most from 1% to 5%, while its use in hepatectomy remained unchanged at 4%. Gastrectomy and pancreatectomy involving minimally invasive techniques increased from 2% to 5% and 5% to 6%, respectively. For all four foregut surgery types, patient comorbidities increased over time; patients with ≥2 major comorbidities increased from 53% to 64%. Conversely, patient mortality and length of stay (LOS) decreased over time. However, we observed an increase in complications for all sites combined from 22.8% to 24.4%. Laparoscopy was not significantly associated with decreased complications, but was associated with lower mortality when compared to open resection alone 3.1% vs. 5%. Independent predictors of increased complications included older age, gender, higher comorbidity, hospital volume. Older age, male sex, higher comorbidity, low volume center and non-use of laparoscopy were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion: Foregut surgery in the modern era is being increasingly deployed on sicker patients. While decreased in-hospital mortality and LOS are commendable, complication rates remain substantial and nondecreasing. Minimally invasive techniques have minor but increasing penetrance in foregut surgery. Our results suggest comparable advances and potential pitfalls among major types of foregut surgery in the current era.
Robust Dominant Periodicity Detection for Time Series with Missing Data
Creators: name: Wen, Qingsong
name: Yang, Linxiao
name: Sun, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Periodicity detection is an important task in time series analysis, but still a challenging problem due to the diverse characteristics of time series data like abrupt trend change, outlier, noise, and especially block missing data. In this paper, we propose a robust and effective periodicity detection algorithm for time series with block missing data. We first design a robust trend filter to remove the interference of complicated trend patterns under missing data. Then, we propose a robust autocorrelation function (ACF) that can handle missing values and outliers effectively. We rigorously prove that the proposed robust ACF can still work well when the length of the missing block is less than $1/3$ of the period length. Last, by combining the time-frequency information, our algorithm can generate the period length accurately. The experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms existing periodicity detection algorithms on real-world time series datasets.
description: Accepted by 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2023)
Spectro-astrometry of V1515 Cyg
Creators: name: Agra-Amboage, V.
name: Garcia, P. J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FU Orionis objects are a class of young stars with important bursts in luminosity and which show evidence of accretion and ejection activity. It is generally accepted that they are surrounded by a Keplerian circumstellar disk and an infalling envelope. The outburst would occurs because of a sudden increase in the accretion rate. We aim at studying the regions closer to the central star in order to observe the signs of the accretion/ejection activity. We present optical observations of the Halpha line using the Integral Field Spectrograph OASIS, at the William Herschel Telescope, combined with Adaptive Optics. Since this technique gives the spectral information for both spatial directions, we carried out a two-dimensional spectro-astrometric study of the signal. We measured a clear spectro-astrometric signal in the North-South direction. The cross-correlation between the spectra showed a spatial distribution in velocity suggestive of scattering by a disk surrounding the star. This would be one of the few spatial inferences of a disk observed in a FU Orionis object. However, in order to fully understand the observed structure, higher angular and spectral resolution observations are required. V1515 Cyg appears now as an important object to be observed with a new generation of instruments to increase our knowledge about the disk and outflows structure in FU Orionis objects.
Additional file 3 of Perinatal environment shapes microbiota colonization and infant growth: impact on host response and intestinal function
Creators: name: M. Selma-Royo
name: M. Calatayud Arroyo
name: I. García-Mantrana
name: A. Parra-Llorca
name: R. Escuriet
name: C. Martínez-Costa
name: Collado, M. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3. Relative abundance of neonatal fecal microbiota along the first month of life
title: Genetic determinants of cerebral edema in severe traumatic brain injury: A pilot study of the role of CACNA1 and AQP4 gene mutations
Creators: name: Carandang, Raphael A.
name: Muehlschlegel, Susanne
name: Hall, Wiley R.
name: Ouillette, Cynthia
name: Brown Jr., Robert H.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Cerebral edema is the one of the most significant predictors of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury. It is still unclear what the pathophysiological and cellular mechanisms and predictors of post-traumatic edema are. The exponential growth in genetic information has opened an avenue for investigation in traumatic brain injury and implicated specific genes in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic injury edema. Two examples are the Aquaporin-4 and CACNA1 genes, which respectively encode water and calcium channels. The Aquaporin-4 gene on chromosome 18q11.2-12.1 encodes the Aquaporin-4 protein (AQP4) water channel. AQP4 is one of the bidirectional high capacity water channels that is primarily expressed in astrocytic foot processes in the central nervous system at the blood-brain barrier and is thought to be critical for brain water homeostasis. Experimental studies showed that AQP4 deficient mice had significantly reduced cerebral edema and better survival in a water intoxication model. The CACNA1 gene on chromosome 19p13 encodes the a1A subunit of a neuronal calcium channel. Patients with Familial Hemiplegic Migraine and delayed fatal cerebral edema and seizuresfrom minor trauma have been found to have mutations in CACNA1, which are hypothesized to enhance development of cytotoxic edema. A missense mutation is reported to enhance risk of delayed fatal cerebral edema.

Hypothesis: The CACNA1 gene missense mutation S218L and AQP4 polymorphisms will be over-represented in patients with post-traumatic cerebral edema. Our Specific Aim is to perform full exon sequence analysis of these two genes in 20 well-defined cases of excessive cerebral edema. Our long term goal is to systematically investigate genetic variants as determinants of risk of excessive cerebral edema. It is hoped that this will further elucidate secondary mechanisms of injury specifically in the formation of post-traumatic edema and lead to targeted therapies in the future.
title: Liver Transplantation: The End of the Road in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Creators: name: Bozorgzadeh, Adel
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the number one cause of liver failure requiring liver transplant. This presentation reviews liver transplantation and other treatment options for chronic hepatitis C infection.
title: Understanding the mechanisms of IGF2 gene regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Creators: name: Cooper-Morgan, Amalene
name: Naumova, Natalia
name: Sanyal, Amartya
name: Lajoie, Bryan R.
name: Dekker, Job
name: Lewis, Brian C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. HCC has a very well studied etiology, and is associated with chronic hepatic viral infections (hepatitis viruses B and C), alcohol abuse, or other causes of chronic liver damage. Currently, tumor resection and liver transplantation are the only potentially curative treatments available for HCC. However, the presence of extra-hepatic invasion and metastasis makes patients ineligible for these treatments. High IGF2 levels are associated with metastatic HCC, and we recently showed that IGF2-induced signaling through Igf1R stimulates the invasiveness and metastatic phenotype of HCC cells. However, the precise mechanisms by which IGF2 expression is enhanced in HCC are not well understood. IGF2 is an imprinted gene normally expressed from the paternal allele. Loss of imprinting, which activates the normally silent maternal allele, has been implicated as an epigenetic marker for the enhanced risk of human cancer. However, many HCCs that display elevated IGF2 expression levels retain a normal imprinting pattern. Therefore, additional gene regulation mechanisms must also influence IGF2 expression in HCC.

Hypothesis: Long-range genomic interactions are important for the regulation of IGF2 gene expression, and alterations in these long-range interactions lead to elevated IGF2 gene expression in HCC. To address this hypothesis I have utilized chromosome conformation capture carbon copy (5C) technology to elucidate long-range interactions involving the IGF2 promoters in a normal hepatocyte cell line, THLE-2, and an HCC cell line HepG2.
The Kondo Temperature of SU(4) Symmetric Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Filippone, Michele
name: Moca, Catalin Pascu
name: Zarand, Gergely
name: Mora, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A path integral approach is used to derive a closed analytical expression for the Kondo temperature of the SU(4) symmetrical Anderson model. In contrast to the SU(2) case, the prefactor of the Kondo temperature is found to display a peculiar orbital energy (gate voltage) dependence, reflecting the presence of various SU(4) mixed valence fixed points. Our analytical expressions are tested against and confirmed by numerical renormalization group computations.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures and Suppl. Material
title: Addressing Perinatal Depression in the Outpatient Obstetric Setting
Creators: name: Byatt, Nancy
name: Moore Simas, Tiffany A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Presentation will discuss: (1) barriers that OB/Gyn providers and support staff encounter in recognizing depression and engaging perinatal women in treatment, (2) strategies to overcome barriers to treatment and (3) the development of interventions aimed at improving treatment entry and follow-up.
Statement of Defendant's Legal Counsel Concerning the U.S. Attorney's decision not to appeal the decision in United States v. David M. LaMaccia
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Security
Privacy and Surveillance
Ethics and Society

description: Statement of Defendant's Legal Counsel Concerning the U.S. Attorney's decision not to appeal the decision in United States v. David M. LaMacchia.
title: The Power of Play: Increasing Physical Activity and Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Inner City Youth Using Novel Interactive Gaming
Creators: name: Hayman, Laura L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Dr. Hayman will present the design, methods and results of a recently completed pilot study, a randomized control trial, designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity in 3rd to 5th grade children from an inner-citty public school. Lessons learned from this study that incorporated interactive gaming and was conducted at GoKids Boston, an interdisciplinary research, training and community outreach center located within UMass Boston, will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on the promise and potential of interactive gaming, the need for increased physical activity in the school environment, and implications for future research focused on prevention and management of obesity in early life.
Mass distributions marginalized over per-event errors
Creators: name: Santos, Diego Martínez
name: Dupertuis, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present generalizations of the Crystal-Ball function to describe mass peaks in which the per-event mass resolution is unknown and marginalized over. The presented probability density functions are tested using a series of toy-MC samples generated with Pythia and smeared with different amounts of multiple scattering and for different detector resolutions.