cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Relevance of Muon Deflections for Neutrino Telescopes
Creators: name: Gutjahr, Pascal
name: Alameddine, Jean-Marco
name: Sandrock, Alexander
name: Soedingrekso, Jan
name: Hünnefeld, Mirco
name: Rhode, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale neutrino telescopes have the primary objective to detect and characterize neutrino sources in the universe. These experiments rely on the detection of charged leptons produced in the interaction of neutrinos with nuclei. Angular resolutions are estimated to be better than 1 degree, which is achieved by the reconstruction of muons. This angular resolution is a measure of the accuracy with which the direction of incoming neutrinos can be determined. Since muons can traverse distances of several kilometers through media, the original muon direction can differ from the muon direction inside the detector due to deflections by stochastic interactions and multiple scattering. In this contribution, a recently published study of muon deflections based on the simulation tool PROPOSAL is presented. Muons with various energies are propagated through different media over several distances. Data-Monte-Carlo comparisons as well as comparisons to the simulation tools MUSIC and Geant4 are performed. Finally, the impact of muon deflections on large-scale neutrino telescopes is discussed.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, ICRC 2023, published in PoS
Table S7 from Clownfishes evolution below and above the species level.
Creators: name: Rolland, Jonathan
name: Silvestro, Daniele
name: Litsios, Glenn
name: Laurélène Faye
name: Salamin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Rates of morphological evolution below the species level and confidence intervals obtained from different topologies. These rates are substantially larger than those obtained from the analysis at the species level.
SN2012ca: a stripped envelope core-collapse SN interacting with dense circumstellar medium
Creators: name: Pastorello, A.
name: Inserra, C.
name: Mazzali, P.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Smith, K.
name: Pignata, G.
name: Yaron, O.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Childress, M.
name: Jerkstrand, A.
name: Fraser, M.
name: Scalzo, R.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Della Valle, M.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Young, D.
name: Reichart, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We report optical and near-infrared observations of SN2012ca with the Public ESO Spectroscopy Survey of Transient Objects (PESSTO), spread over one year since discovery. The supernova (SN) bears many similarities to SN1997cy and to other events classified
Achievements and open issues in the determination of polarized parton distribution functions
Creators: name: Nocera, Emanuele R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the current status of the determination of helicity-dependent, or polarized, parton distribution functions from a comprehensive analysis of experimental data in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. I illustrate the latest achievements driven by new measurements in polarized proton-proton collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, namely the first evidence of a sizable polarized light sea quark asymmetry and of a positive polarized gluon distribution in the proton. I discuss which are the open issues in the determination of polarized distributions, and how these may be addressed in the future by ongoing, planned and proposed experimental programs.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Spin Physics (SPIN2014)
Convectively Induced Secondary Circulations in Fine-Grid Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction Models
Creators: name: Kosovic, B.
name: Martilli, A.
name: Lemone, M.
name: Jimenez, P. A.
name: Rotunno, R.
name: Ching, J.
name: Dudhia, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Mesoscale numerical weather prediction models using fine-grid [O(1) km] meshes for weather forecasting, environmental assessment, and other applications capture aspects of larger-than-grid-mesh size, convectively induced secondary circulations (CISCs) such as cells and rolls that occur in the convective planetary boundary layer (PBL). However, 1-km grid spacing is too large for the simulation of the interaction of CISCs with smaller-scale turbulence. The existence of CISCs also violates the neglect of horizontal gradients of turbulent quantities in current PBL schemes. Both aspects—poorly resolved CISCs and a violation of the assumptions behind PBL schemes—are examples of what occurs in Wyngaard’s “terra incognita,” where horizontal grid spacing is comparable to the scale of the simulated motions. Thus, model CISCs (M-CISCs) cannot be simulated reliably. This paper describes how the superadiabatic layer in the lower convective PBL together with increased horizontal resolution allow the critical Rayleigh number to be exceeded and thus allow generation of M-CISCs like those in nature; and how the M-CISCs eventually neutralize the virtual temperature stratification, lowering the Rayleigh number and stopping their growth. Two options for removing M-CISCs while retaining their fluxes are 1) introducing nonlocal closure schemes for more effective removal of heat from the surface and 2) restricting the effective Rayleigh number to remain subcritical. It is demonstrated that CISCs are correctly handled by large-eddy simulation (LES) and thus may provide a way to improve representation of them or their effects. For some applications, it may suffice to allow M-CISCs to develop, but account for their shortcomings during interpretation.
title: Able Archer 1983: die Welt am Rande des Atomkrieges? / Oberst Dr. Uwe Hartmann [spricht] mit Oberst Dr. Armin Wagner
Creators: name: Hartmann, Uwe
name: Wagner, Armin
Publisher: name: ZMSBw
Year: 2023

description: Zugehört! : der Podcast des ZMSBw / Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr; 51
Table S4 from Clownfishes evolution below and above the species level
Creators: name: Rolland, Jonathan
name: Silvestro, Daniele
name: Litsios, Glenn
name: Laurélène Faye
name: Salamin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Rates of morphological evolution at interspecific level can be estimated from simulations based on intraspecific parameters. The table displays the results of the analysis of trait macroevolution based on empirical data (left) and on the traits simulated under intraspecific parameters (right). AICc and model parameters were summarized across 1,000 trees (median and 95% confidence intervals provided in brackets). For both empirical and simulated traits, we fitted BM and OU models using maximum likelihood and compared their fit using AICc. We provide the percentage of the 1,000 trees supporting each model according to the AICc (the best fitting model is bolded). The estimated model parameters are: the rate of evolution (σ2, noted rmacro in the main text) and the strength of the OU process (α). The same best fitting model was retrieved from simulations for all traits except for eye height, i.e. in this trait BM and OU models were equally likely. We computed the probability (P) that simulations correctly predict the macroevolutionary rate, e.g. how many simulations provided a rate of evolution falling in the 95% confidence interval of empirical rate values. For more consistency, traits values were standardized: we computed the difference between each value and the mean value of the trait. This difference was then divided by the standard deviation of the trait values.
Semistability, modular lattices, and iterated logarithms
Creators: name: Haiden, Fabian
name: Katzarkov, Ludmil
name: Kontsevich, Maxim
name: Pandit, Pranav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a complete description of the asymptotics of the gradient flow on the space of metrics on any semistable quiver representation. This involves a recursive construction of approximate solutions and the appearance of iterated logarithms and a limiting filtration of the representation. The filtration turns out to have an algebraic definition which makes sense in any finite length modular lattice. This is part of a larger project by the authors to study iterated logarithms in the asymptotics of gradient flows, both in finite and infinite dimensional settings.
description: v2: new introduction, typos corrected
Describing and Understanding Neighborhood Characteristics through Online Social Media
Creators: name: Kafsi, Mohamed
name: Cramer, Henriette
name: Thomee, Bart
name: Shamma, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Geotagged data can be used to describe regions in the world and discover local themes. However, not all data produced within a region is necessarily specifically descriptive of that area. To surface the content that is characteristic for a region, we present the geographical hierarchy model (GHM), a probabilistic model based on the assumption that data observed in a region is a random mixture of content that pertains to different levels of a hierarchy. We apply the GHM to a dataset of 8 million Flickr photos in order to discriminate between content (i.e., tags) that specifically characterizes a region (e.g., neighborhood) and content that characterizes surrounding areas or more general themes. Knowledge of the discriminative and non-discriminative terms used throughout the hierarchy enables us to quantify the uniqueness of a given region and to compare similar but distant regions. Our evaluation demonstrates that our model improves upon traditional Naive Bayes classification by 47% and hierarchical TF-IDF by 27%. We further highlight the differences and commonalities with human reasoning about what is locally characteristic for a neighborhood, distilled from ten interviews and a survey that covered themes such as time, events, and prior regional knowledge
description: Accepted in WWW 2015, 2015, Florence, Italy
(2658) Mary Cicely Wicksteed
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Massless spinning particle and null-string on $AdS_d$: projective-space approach
Creators: name: Uvarov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massless spinning particle and tensionless string models on $AdS_d$ background in the projective-space realization are proposed as constrained Hamiltonian systems. Various forms of particle and string Lagrangians are derived and classical mechanics is studied including the Lax-type representation of the equations of motion. After that transition to the quantum theory is discussed. Analysis of potential anomalies in the tensionless string model necessitates introduction of ghosts and BRST charge. It is shown that quantum BRST charge is nilpotent for any $d$ if coordinate-momentum ordering for the phase-space bosonic variables, Weyl ordering for the fermions and $cb$ ($γβ$) ordering for ghosts is chosen, while conformal reparametrizations and space-time dilatations turn out to be anomalous for the ordering in terms of positive and negative Fourier modes of the phase-space variables and ghosts.
description: 23 pages, v5: corrected definition of $\rho^\mu$ after Eq. (3.7) and in subsequent Eqs. (3.9)-(3.12) of subsubsection 3.1.1. Respective corrections were also made in subsubsection 3.1.2
Intra-annual variations of microhabitat use and movements of a critically endangered arboreal day gecko endemic to Reunion Island: implications for conservation
Creators: name: Choeur, Arthur
name: Clémencet, Johanna
name: Corre, Matthieu Le
name: Roesch, Markus A.
name: Sanchez, Mickaël
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Habitat loss is the leading cause of reptile decline and therefore, habitat studies are crucial to implement conservation actions. We investigated the microhabitat use of the Manapany day gecko (Phelsuma inexpectata), a critically endangered species endemic to Reunion Island (Western Indian Ocean). Anthropogenic disturbances led to a severe fragmentation of the gecko population, and habitat requirements of this species are poorly known, impeding effective restoration work. We (i) investigated intra-annual variations in microhabitat use, (ii) investigated movement rate to better understand habitat use, and (iii) characterised egg-laying sites. We surveyed two gecko populations in remnant natural habitat annually during five years (2015-2019) and monthly in one of the populations during 18 consecutive months. A total of 2,621 gecko detections were recorded and 25 egg-laying sites were characterised. Geckos used mainly native plant species, with a high preference for screw pine thickets. We observed seasonal variations in microhabitat preferences and movement rates. Geckos perched higher and thermoregulated motionless in the canopy during winter. In summer, geckos perched lower, spent less time thermoregulating and exhibited saxicolous behaviour, particularly in females. Egg-laying sites were mainly found in rock cavities surrounded by native plants and facing southwards. Our findings confirm the importance of native coastal vegetation for the conservation of this species. Seasonal shifts of microhabitat use indicate that P. inexpectata (i) need habitats with thermal heterogeneity to adapt to seasonal changes in their thermal environment, and (ii) adapt their microhabitat use according to their reproductive phenology, especially for egg-laying in rock cavities.
Figure S1 from Clownfishes evolution below and above the species level
Creators: name: Rolland, Jonathan
name: Silvestro, Daniele
name: Litsios, Glenn
name: Laurélène Faye
name: Salamin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Distributions of likelihood ratios (δ) between BM and OU models based on 1,000 simulations using pmc. Brown histograms show the likelihood ratios between OU and BM for 1000 traits simulated under BM. Blue histograms show the likelihood ratios between OU and BM for 1000 traits simulated under OU. The red lines indicate the likelihood ratio between OU and BM fitted on the empirical traits. For body ratio and peduncle factor, the large overlap of likelihood ratios show that there is no sufficient statistical power to distinguish between models. For these traits we therefore chose the simplest model (BM). For the other traits, the distributions of likelihood ratios are clearly distinct and the red line falls within the range of the OU model, which suggest that we have sufficient statistical power to distinguish between the two models.
Effect Of Implantation Temperature On Damage Accumulation In Ar - Implanted GaN
Creators: name: Parikh, N.
name: Usov, I.
name: Davis, Robert F.
name: Thomson, D. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: A systematic investigation of damage accumulation in GaN films induced by Ar + as a function of implantation temperature and dose rate has been conducted. Depth distribution of disorder was measured by Rutherford Backscattering/Channeling spectrometry. Two disordered regions were identified in the damage depth distribution: a surface peak and a bulk damage peak. These regions exhibited different behavior as a function of implantation temperature. The displaced atomic density in the bulk damage peak displayed a “reverse annealing” behavior in temperature range from 500 °C to 700 °C, which we attributed to formation of characteristic secondary defects. The influence of implantation temperature and dose rate on the radiation damage accumulation is discussed.
Axisymmetric scattering of an acoustical Bessel beam by a rigid fixed spheroid
Creators: name: Mitri, F. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the partial-wave series expansion (PWSE) method in spherical coordinates, a formal analytical solution for the acoustic scattering of a zeroth-order Bessel acoustic beam centered on a rigid fixed (oblate or prolate) spheroid is provided. The unknown scattering coefficients of the spheroid are determined by solving a system of linear equations derived for the Neumann boundary condition. Numerical results for the modulus of the backscattered pressure (θ= π) in the near-field and the backscattering form function in the far-field for both prolate and oblate spheroids are presented and discussed, with particular emphasis on the aspect ratio (i.e., the ratio of the major axis over the minor axis of the spheroid), the half-cone angle of the Bessel beam β, and the dimensionless frequency. The plots display periodic oscillations (versus the dimensionless frequency) due to the interference of specularly reflected waves in the backscattering direction with circumferential Franz' waves circumnavigating the surface of the spheroid in the surrounding fluid. Moreover, the 3D directivity patterns illustrate the near and far-field axisymmetric scattering. Investigations in underwater acoustics, particle levitation, scattering, and the detection of submerged elongated objects and other related applications utilizing Bessel waves would benefit from the results of the present study.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, Correcting some minor typos and citations for references
Boiling heat transfer by phase-field method
Creators: name: Roccon, Alessio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401299
subject: Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Figure 2: Static interface undergoing phase-change at a constant rate in presence of density difference.-flat_constant_u.dat: Spatial behavior of velocity.-flat_constant_p.dat: Spatial behavior of pressure.

Figure 4: Time evolution of the interface for the Stefan problem.-pfm1.txt: Interface position (column 2) for the vapor-to-liquid density ratio equal to 1. Velocity is not reported because is zero.-pfm2.txt: Interface position (column 2) and velocity (column 3) for the vapor-to-liquid density ratio equal to 0.1.-pfm3.txt: Interface position (column 2) and velocity (column 3) for the vapor-to-liquid density ratio equal to 0.01.-pfm4.txt: Interface position (column 2) and velocity (column 3) for the vapor-to-liquid density ratio equal to 0.001.

Figure 7: Position and velocity for the adsorption problem (Irfan 2016 setting)-pfmirfan.txt: Interface position (column 2) and liquid velocity (column 3)..-Irfan_int.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Irfan 2016.-Irfan_vel.txt: Extracted data for the velocity from Irfan 2016.

Figure 7: Position and velocity for the adsorption problem (Welch 2000 setting)-prmwelch.txt: Interface position (column 2) and liquid velocity (column 3).-Kunkelmann.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Kunkelmann 2024.-Giustini.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Giustini 2021.-Guedon.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Guedon 2013.-welch_int.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Welch 2000.-welch_vel.txt: Extracted data for the velocity from Welch 2000.

Figure 9: 2D Vapor bubble growth: time behavior of the bubble radius as a function of time.-Bubble32.dat (32 x 32 grid resolution)-Bubble64.dat (64 x 64 grid resolution)-Bubble128.dat (128 x 128 grid resolution)-Bubble256.dat (256 x 256 grid resolution)
An assessment of phase field fracture: crack initiation and growth
Creators: name: Kristensen, P. K.
name: Niordson, C. F.
name: Martínez-Pañeda, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase field paradigm, in combination with a suitable variational structure, has opened a path for using Griffith's energy balance to predict the fracture of solids. These so-called phase field fracture methods have gained significant popularity over the past decade, and are now part of commercial finite element packages and engineering fitness-for-service assessments. Crack paths can be predicted, in arbitrary geometries and dimensions, based on a global energy minimisation - without the need for \textit{ad hoc} criteria. In this work, we review the fundamentals of phase field fracture methods and examine their capabilities in delivering predictions in agreement with the classical fracture mechanics theory pioneered by Griffith. The two most widely used phase field fracture models are implemented in the context of the finite element method, and several paradigmatic boundary value problems are addressed to gain insight into their predictive abilities across all cracking stages; both the initiation of growth and stable crack propagation are investigated. In addition, we examine the effectiveness of phase field models with an internal material length scale in capturing size effects and the transition flaw size concept. Our results show that phase field fracture methods satisfactorily approximate classical fracture mechanics predictions and can also reconcile stress and toughness criteria for fracture. The accuracy of the approximation is however dependent on modelling and constitutive choices; we provide a rationale for these differences and identify suitable approaches for delivering phase field fracture predictions that are in good agreement with well-established fracture mechanics paradigms.
Table S1 from Clownfishes evolution below and above the species level.
Creators: name: Rolland, Jonathan
name: Silvestro, Daniele
name: Litsios, Glenn
name: Laurélène Faye
name: Salamin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: References of the samples used for estimating morphological rates above the species level. (CAS: California Academy of Sciences, AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, New York, NMNH: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, GO: fieldwork pictures obtained directly from John E Randall's http://pbs.bishopmuseum.org/, MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts).
(2659) ? Newton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Boiling heat transfer by phase-field method
Creators: name: Roccon, Alessio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401299
subject: Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Figure 2: Static interface undergoing phase-change at a constant rate in presence of density difference.-flat_constant_u.dat: Spatial behavior of velocity.-flat_constant_p.dat: Spatial behavior of pressure.

Figure 4: Time evolution of the interface for the Stefan problem.-pfm1.txt: Interface position (column 2) for the vapor-to-liquid density ratio equal to 1. Velocity is not reported because is zero.-pfm2.txt: Interface position (column 2) and velocity (column 3) for the vapor-to-liquid density ratio equal to 0.1.-pfm3.txt: Interface position (column 2) and velocity (column 3) for the vapor-to-liquid density ratio equal to 0.01.-pfm4.txt: Interface position (column 2) and velocity (column 3) for the vapor-to-liquid density ratio equal to 0.001.

Figure 7: Position and velocity for the adsorption problem (Irfan 2016 setting)-pfmirfan.txt: Interface position (column 2) and liquid velocity (column 3)..-Irfan_int.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Irfan 2016.-Irfan_vel.txt: Extracted data for the velocity from Irfan 2016.

Figure 7: Position and velocity for the adsorption problem (Welch 2000 setting)-prmwelch.txt: Interface position (column 2) and liquid velocity (column 3).-Kunkelmann.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Kunkelmann 2024.-Giustini.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Giustini 2021.-Guedon.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Guedon 2013.-welch_int.txt: Extracted data for the interface position from Welch 2000.-welch_vel.txt: Extracted data for the velocity from Welch 2000.

Figure 9: 2D Vapor bubble growth: time behavior of the bubble radius as a function of time.-Bubble32.dat (32 x 32 grid resolution)-Bubble64.dat (64 x 64 grid resolution)-Bubble128.dat (128 x 128 grid resolution)-Bubble256.dat (256 x 256 grid resolution)
Kinetic Structure Simulations of Nematic Polymers in Plane Couette Cells. II: In-Plane Structure Transitions
Creators: name: Zhou, Ruhai
name: Forest, M. Gregory
name: Wang, Qi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Nematic, or liquid crystalline, polymer (LCP) composites are composed of large aspect ratio rod-like or platelet macromolecules. This class of nanocomposites exhibits tremendous potential for high performance material applications, ranging across mechanical, electrical, piezoelectric, thermal, and barrier properties. Fibers made from nematic polymers have set synthetic materials performance standards for decades. The current target is to engineer multifunctional films and molded parts, for which processing flows are shear-dominated. Nematic polymer films inherit anisotropy from collective orientational distributions of the molecular constituents and develop heterogeneity on length scales that are, as yet, not well understood and thereby uncontrollable. Rigid LCPs in viscous solvents have a theoretical and computational foundation from which one can model parallel plate Couette cell experiments and explore anisotropic structure generation arising from nonequilibrium interactions between hydrodynamics, mole...
A Bayesian Graphical Approach for Large-Scale Portfolio Management with Fewer Historical Data
Creators: name: Oya, Sakae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Managing a large-scale portfolio with many assets is one of the most challenging tasks in the field of finance. It is partly because estimation of either covariance or precision matrix of asset returns tends to be unstable or even infeasible when the number of assets $p$ exceeds the number of observations $n$. For this reason, most of the previous studies on portfolio management have focused on the case of$ p < n$. To deal with the case of $p > n$, we propose to use a new Bayesian framework based on adaptive graphical LASSO for estimating the precision matrix of asset returns in a large-scale portfolio. Unlike the previous studies on graphical LASSO in the literature, our approach utilizes a Bayesian estimation method for the precision matrix proposed by Oya and Nakatsuma (2022) so that the positive definiteness of the precision matrix should be always guaranteed. As an empirical application, we construct the global minimum variance portfolio of $p = 100$ for various values of n with the proposed approach as well as the non-Bayesian graphical LASSO approach, and compare their out-of-sample performance with the equal weight portfolio as the benchmark. In this comparison, the proposed approach produces more stable results than the non-Bayesian approach in terms of Sharpe ratio, portfolio composition and turnover. Furthermore, the proposed approach succeeds in estimating the precision matrix even if $n$ is much smaller than $p$ and the non-Bayesian approach fails to do so.
description: As the paper has been published, we have added a DOI link to this preprint
(2654) Sarah Lawson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Gold nanorods conjugated upconversion nanoparticles nanocomposites for simultaneous bioimaging, local temperature sensing and photothermal therapy of OML-1 oral cancer cells
Creators: name: Vu, Duc Tu
name: Vu-Le, Thanh Thu
name: Nguyen, Van Nghia
name: Le, Quoc Minh
name: Wang, Churng-Ren Chris
name: Chau, Lai-Kwan
name: Yang, Tzyy-Schiuan
name: Chan, Michael W. Y.
name: Lee, Cheng-I
name: Ting, Chu-Chi
name: Lin, Jiunn-Yuan
name: Kan, Hung-Chih
name: Hsu, Chia Chen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The major challenge in photothermal therapy (PTT) is to develop nanocomposites that simultaneously exhibit bioimaging and PTT under a single near-infrared (NIR) irradiation with high therapeutic efficiency. Herein, we present a multifunctional nanocomposite synthesized by linking NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with gold nanorods (AuNR) to exhibit fluorescence labeling, local temperature sensing and photothermal functions simultaneously with a single NIR laser excitation. The AuNR-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocomposite particles displayed better photothermal properties compared with pure AuNRs or a blend of AuNRs and NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNPs. The temperature-dependent upconversion luminescence (UCL) property was used to determine local temperature at the nanocomposite particles, which is useful for selecting appropriate irradiation dosage for PTT. The therapeutic performance of the nanocomposites in PTT for OML-1 oral cancer cells was determined. For cell labeling, we successfully labeled streptavidin-linked nanocomposite particles on the surface of OML-1 oral cancer using anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-Her2) antibody. Finally, the nanocomposite particles caused exceptional destruction of cancer cells up to 70% dead cells under 976 nm laser irradiation for only one min at 0.3 W/cm2 which is below the maximal permissible exposure of human skin.
Figure S5 from Clownfishes evolution below and above the species level.
Creators: name: Rolland, Jonathan
name: Silvestro, Daniele
name: Litsios, Glenn
name: Laurélène Faye
name: Salamin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Median joining network analysis from POPART (Population Analysis with Reticulate Trees, Bandelt et al. 1999; http://popart.otago.ac.nz) based on two mitochondrial markers, showing that A. clarkii individuals have different haplotypes and have no particular geographical clustering. This analysis evaluates the divergence between individuals in our dataset and their sampling sites location. This analysis suggested that the individuals of A. clarkii sampled represent highly divergent haplotypes and likely come from different populations. As we sampled one individual per anemone in different reefs in the center of the distribution of A. clarkii, we expect to have sampled a large proportion of the genetic and morphological variance of the species.
Synchronization in Scale Free networks: The role of finite size effects
Creators: name: Torres, Débora
name: Di Muro, Matías A.
name: La Rocca, Cristian E.
name: Braunstein, Lidia A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synchronization problems in complex networks are very often studied by researchers due to its many applications to various fields such as neurobiology, e-commerce and completion of tasks. In particular, Scale Free networks with degree distribution $P(k)\sim k^{-λ}$, are widely used in research since they are ubiquitous in nature and other real systems. In this paper we focus on the surface relaxation growth model in Scale Free networks with $2.5< λ<3$, and study the scaling behavior of the fluctuations, in the steady state, with the system size $N$. We find a novel behavior of the fluctuations characterized by a crossover between two regimes at a value of $N=N^*$ that depends on $λ$: a logarithmic regime, found in previous research, and a constant regime. We propose a function that describes this crossover, which is in very good agreement with the simulations. We also find that, for a system size above $N^{*}$, the fluctuations decrease with $λ$, which means that the synchronization of the system improves as $λ$ increases. We explain this crossover analyzing the role of the network's heterogeneity produced by the system size $N$ and the exponent of the degree distribution.
description: 9 pages and 5 figures. Accepted in Europhysics Letters
Near-UV light assisted green reduction of graphene oxide films through l-ascorbic acid
Creators: name: Regis, Jaime
name: Vargas, Sebastian
name: Irigoyen, Andrea
name: Bramasco-Rivera, Elsa
name: Bañuelos, Jose L.
name: Delfin, Luis C.
name: Renteria, Anabel
name: Martinez, Ulises
name: Rockward, Tommy
name: Lin, Yirong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent studies have highlighted the effects of various stimuli on the chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) through green reductant L-ascorbic acid (L-AA); however, the combination of near ultraviolet (NUV) light to increase the reduction rate has yet to be thoroughly explored. In this study, drop-casted GO films were subjected to chemical reduction through L-AA with various levels of exposure under 405 nm NUV radiation. The structure and uniformity of GO stackings that form the film were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS). Additionally, WAXS was used to track the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups along with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a function of L-AA and NUV light exposure times. XPS results demonstrated that the interaction between L-AA and NUV exposure has a significant effect on the reduction of films. Furthermore, the results that yielded the highest reduction (C-C bond concentration of 60.7%) were the longest L-AA and NUV light exposure times (48 hours and 3 hours, respectively). This report provides a study on the effects of NUV on the green reduction of GO films through L-AA with potential application in solar energy and chemical sensing applications.
Machine Learning for the EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope Data Analysis
Creators: name: Filippatos, George
name: Zotov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) is the most advanced balloon mission undertaken by the JEM-EUSO collaboration. EUSO-SPB2 is built on the experience of previous stratosphere missions, EUSO-Balloon and EUSO-SPB, and of the Mini-EUSO space mission currently active onboard the International Space Station. EUSO- SPB2 is equipped with two instruments: a fluorescence telescope aimed at registering ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with an energy above 2 EeV and a Cherenkov telescope built to measure direct Cherenkov emission from cosmic rays with energies above 1 PeV. The EUSO-SPB2 mission will provide pioneering observations on the path towards a space-based multi-messenger observatory. As such, a special attention was paid to the development of triggers and other software aimed at comprehensive data analysis. A whole number of methods based on machine learning (ML) and neural networks was developed during the construction of the experiment and a few others are under active development. Here we provide a brief review of the ML-based methods already implemented in the instrument and the ground software and report preliminary results on the ML-based reconstruction of UHECR parameters for the fluorescence telescope.
Microscopic-Macroscopic Simulations of Rigid-Rod Polymer Hydrodynamics: Heterogeneity and Rheochaos
Creators: name: Wang, Qi
name: Forest, M. Gregory
name: Zhou, Ruhai
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Rheochaos is a remarkable phenomenon of nematic (rigid-rod) polymers in steady shear, with sustained chaotic fluctuations of the orientational distribution of the rod ensemble. For monodomain...
Algorithm Refinement for Fluctuating Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Bell, John B.
name: Williams, Sarah A.
name: Garcia, Alejandro L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This paper introduces an adaptive mesh and algorithm refinement method for fluctuating hydrodynamics. This particle-continuum hybrid simulates the dynamics of a compressible fluid with thermal fluctuations. The particle al-
Fermionic Tachyons as a Source of Dark Energy
Creators: name: Khoeini-Moghaddam, Salomeh
name: Momeni, Farzan
name: Yousefabadi, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for the universe on the basis of a self interacting fermionic tachyon field is investigated here. It is shown that, devising a self interaction potential of a proper form, the fermionic tachyon field is capable of producing an accelerating expansion that at late time tends to a constant value which is in consistence with the cosmological constant. This way the introduced fermionic tachyon field can be interpreted as the source of dark energy.
description: 5 figures
Position-space cuts for Wilson line correlators
Creators: name: Laenen, Eric
name: Larsen, Kasper J.
name: Rietkerk, Robbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We further develop the formalism for taking position-space cuts of eikonal diagrams introduced in [Phys.Rev.Lett. 114 (2015), no. 18 181602, arXiv:1410.5681]. These cuts are applied directly to the position-space representation of any such diagram and compute its discontinuity to the leading order in the dimensional regulator. We provide algorithms for computing the position-space cuts and apply them to several two- and three-loop eikonal diagrams, finding agreement with results previously obtained in the literature. We discuss a non-trivial interplay between the cutting prescription and non-Abelian exponentiation. We furthermore discuss the relation of the imaginary part of the cusp anomalous dimension to the static interquark potential.
description: 39+18 pages, 16 figures; elaborated the discussion of the comparison of numerical and analytic results for the three-gluon vertex diagram in the caption of fig. 16; version to be published in JHEP
Dimensional Robustness and Instability of Sheared, Semidilute, Nanorod Dispersions
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaofeng
name: Wang, Qi
name: Forest, M. Gregory
name: Cui, Zhenlu
name: Shen, Jie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Semidilute, nanorod dispersions interact nonlocally and nonlinearly through ex- cluded-volume and distortional elasticity potentials. When driven by steady shear with confinement boundary conditions, remarkable rod orientational distribution behavior ensues: strong anisotropy; steady and unsteady responses; and gradient structure on (thus far) unpredictable lengthscales. Extreme variability and sensitivity of these features to experimental controls, coupled with nanorod measurement limitations, continue to confound materials processing strategies. Thus, modeling and simulation play a critical role. In this paper, we present a hierarchy of zero-dimensional (0-d), one- dimensional (1-d), and two-dimensional (2-d) physical space simulations of steady parallel-plate shear experiments using a mesoscopic tensor model for the rod orientational distribution (E. H. MacMillan, A Theory of Anisotropic Fluid, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 1987, Z. Cui and Q. Wang, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 138 (2006), pp. 44-61) and a spectral-Galerkin numerical algorithm (J. Shen, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 15 (1994), pp. 1489- 1505). We impose steady shear to focus on the orientational response of the nanorod ensemble to two experimental controls: the Deborah number (De), or normalized imposed shear rate; and physical plate anchoring conditions on the rod ensemble. Our results yield dimensional robustness versus instability of sheared, semidilute, nanorod dispersions: To begin, we present 0-d and 1-d phase diagrams that are consistent with results of the modeling community. Next, we present the first study of numerical stability (for all attractors in the phase diagrams) to 2-d perturbations in the flow-gradient and vorticity directions. The key findings are the following: time-periodic 1-d structure attractors at low-to-moderate De are robust to 2-d perturbations; period-doubling transitions at intermediate De to chaotic attractors in 0 and 1 space dimensions are unstable to coherent 2-d morphology but remain chaotic; as De increases, chaotic dynamics becomes regularized, first to periodic and then to steady structure attractors, along with a return to robust 1-d morphology; finally, logrolling (vorticity-aligned) anchoring selects the most distinct attractors and De cascade with respect to other anchoring conditions.
Figure S4 from Clownfishes evolution below and above the species level.
Creators: name: Rolland, Jonathan
name: Silvestro, Daniele
name: Litsios, Glenn
name: Laurélène Faye
name: Salamin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Comparison between the microevolutionary rates, the macroevolution rates estimated from empirical data and the macroevolution rates simulated (based on intraspecific parameters) for the five morphological traits. The columns The columns (micro) in yellow and (macro) in black correspond to the estimates of the micro- and the macroevolutionary rates observed in the data (respectively), and (macro_P) in blue, represent the predicted macroevolutionary rate of the simulations based on effective population size, trait variance and generation time (described in details in Sup. Mat. S2). These violon plots represent the variation across the 1,000 trees. For each trait, simulated and empirical rates of evolution (σ2) were obtained from best fitting model chosen only from the empirical data (BM or OU, Table S4, Table S7). The predicted and observed distributions of macroevolutionary rates did not differ significantly in any of the traits (P > 0.05).
Geometry of the Kahan discretizations of planar quadratic Hamiltonian systems. II. Systems with a linear Poisson tensor
Creators: name: Petrera, Matteo
name: Suris, Yuri B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kahan discretization is applicable to any quadratic vector field and produces a birational map which approximates the shift along the phase flow. For a planar quadratic Hamiltonian vector field with a linear Poisson tensor and with a quadratic Hamilton function, this map is known to be integrable and to preserve a pencil of conics. In the paper `Three classes of quadratic vector fields for which the Kahan discretization is the root of a generalised Manin transformation' by P. van der Kamp et al., it was shown that the Kahan discretization can be represented as a composition of two involutions on the pencil of conics. In the present note, which can be considered as a comment to that paper, we show that this result can be reversed. For a linear form $\ell(x,y)$, let $B_1,B_2$ be any two distinct points on the line $\ell(x,y)=-c$, and let $B_3,B_4$ be any two distinct points on the line $\ell(x,y)=c$. Set $B_0=\tfrac{1}{2}(B_1+B_3)$ and $B_5=\tfrac{1}{2}(B_2+B_4)$; these points lie on the line $\ell(x,y)=0$. Finally, let $B_\infty$ be the point at infinity on this line. Let $\mathfrak E$ be the pencil of conics with the base points $B_1,B_2,B_3,B_4$. Then the composition of the $B_\infty$-switch and of the $B_0$-switch on the pencil $\mathfrak E$ is the Kahan discretization of a Hamiltonian vector field $f=\ell(x,y)\begin{pmatrix}\partial H/\partial y \\ -\partial H/\partial x \end{pmatrix}$ with a quadratic Hamilton function $H(x,y)$. This birational map $Φ_f:\mathbb C P^2\dashrightarrow\mathbb C P^2$ has three singular points $B_0,B_2,B_4$, while the inverse map $Φ_f^{-1}$ has three singular points $B_1,B_3,B_5$.
description: 8 pp, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1810.09928