cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Substructure Discovery Using Minimum Description Length and Background Knowledge
Creators: name: Cook, D. J.
name: Holder, L. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability to identify interesting and repetitive substructures is an essential component to discovering knowledge in structural data. We describe a new version of our SUBDUE substructure discovery system based on the minimum description length principle. The SUBDUE system discovers substructures that compress the original data and represent structural concepts in the data. By replacing previously-discovered substructures in the data, multiple passes of SUBDUE produce a hierarchical description of the structural regularities in the data. SUBDUE uses a computationally-bounded inexact graph match that identifies similar, but not identical, instances of a substructure and finds an approximate measure of closeness of two substructures when under computational constraints. In addition to the minimum description length principle, other background knowledge can be used by SUBDUE to guide the search towards more appropriate substructures. Experiments in a variety of domains demonstrate SUBDUE's ability to find substructures capable of compressing the original data and to discover structural concepts important to the domain. Description of Online Appendix: This is a compressed tar file containing the SUBDUE discovery system, written in C. The program accepts as input databases represented in graph form, and will output discovered substructures with their corresponding value.
description: See http://www.jair.org/ for an online appendix and other files accompanying this article
Additional file 1 of Morphologic changes in the model tintinnid Schmidingerella (Alveolata, Ciliophora) during the cell cycle, including the first volumetric analyses of the lorica-forming material
Creators: name: Agatha, Sabine
name: Weißenbacher, Birgit
name: Böll, Laura
name: Ganser, Maximilian H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Smooth extensions of black holes in loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Gambini, Rodolfo
name: Olmedo, Javier
name: Pullin, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vacuum spherically symmetric loop quantum gravity in the midi-superspace approximation using inhomogeneous horizon-penetrating slices has been studied for a decade, and it has been noted that the singularity is eliminated. It is replaced by a region of high curvature and potentially large quantum fluctuations. It was recently pointed out that the effective semiclassical metric implies the existence of a shell of effective matter which violates energy conditions in regions where the curvature is largest. Here we propose an alternative way of treating the problem that is free from the shells. The ambiguity in the treatment is related with the existence of new observables in the quantum theory that characterize the area excitations, and how the counterpart of diffeomorphisms in the discrete quantum theory is mapped to the continuum semi-classical picture. The resulting space-time in the high curvature region inside the horizon is approximated by a metric of the type of the Simpson--Visser wormhole and it connects the black hole interior to a white hole in a smooth manner.
description: 6 pages, RevTex, no figures. To appear in International Journal of Modern Physics D
Parus biarmicus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Paridae
Parus
Parus biarmicus

description: Parus biarmicus [spec. nov.]
P. vertice cano, cauda corpore longiore.
Parus beardmanicus. Alb. av. 1. p. 46. t. 48.
Lanius minimus. Edw. av. 55. t. 55.
Habitat in Europa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 190, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Identifying quality in the delivery of emergency general surgery
Creators: name: Chana, Prem
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The delivery of high-quality emergency general surgical care remains a concern for clinicians, healthcare providers and policy makers. Emergency admissions contribute to approximately half of a general surgeon’s workload, however the morbidity and mortality figures seen in this cohort are up-to ten times higher than those seen in elective practice. Despite considerable advances in surgical technology and peri/post-operative protocols over the past twenty years, there appears to be little improvement in outcome following emergency surgical admissions. It is therefore proposed that the delivery of emergency surgical services and hospital structure may significantly contribute to the poor outcomes seen in the acute setting and a greater understanding of the factors that contribute to high-quality care is required. An introduction to the factors that contribute to the delivery of emergency general surgery is presented along with the concepts of examining and identifying quality both in healthcare and other high-risk industries. A systematic review then examines the different models of care seen in the delivery of emergency general surgery across the world along with their effect on outcome and sets the scene for the areas of interest in this thesis. A series of inter-linked, mixed methods studies combining: quantitative analyses of an international dataset, ethnographic observation, a healthcare failure mode effects analysis and audit to identify structural factors that lead to improved outcomes in the delivery of emergency general surgery. The themes of high-quality care, hospital structure, international benchmarking and their association with outcome run throughout these studies in this thesis with outcome data from hospitals in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States being compared. This thesis highlights a series of unit-level quality indicators whose introduction can be associated with high-quality care and be directly translated into clinical practice using quality improvement methodologies to ultimately improve patient care.
Congestion in many-particle systems with volume exclusion constraints: algorithms and applications to modelling in biology
Creators: name: Ferreira, Marina Amado
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Many-particle systems with congestion are widely found in biology, for example, in cell tissues or herds. Mathematical modelling constitutes an important tool in their study. In contrast to common approaches, we propose two new modelling frameworks that rely on the exact treatment of the contacts between particles: a particle-based and a continuum framework. Both frameworks are based on the same behavioural rules, namely 1) two particles cannot overlap with each other and 2) the particles seek a minimum of a given confining potential at all times. The dynamics is driven by the evolution of the potential and changes in particle characteristics, such as size. In the first part, the static equilibria of the particle-based model are obtained as solutions to a minimization problem. This leads to non-convex optimization under volume exclusion constraints. Classical tools are either not applicable or not efficient. We develop and study a new and efficient minimization algorithm to approximate a solution. The second part concerns the time-evolution of the particle-based framework. We develop new time-stepping schemes involving the resolution of a minimization problem at each time-step, which is tackled with the minimization algorithm developed in the first part. The study of these schemes is performed in the case of a system of hard-spheres undergoing ballistic aggregation on a torus and it succeeds to simulate up to one million particles. These new tools are applied to the study of the mechanics of a cell tissue, which has allowed to validate them in practice. In the third part, we develop a continuum modelling framework describing the evolution of particle density. Our approach differs from previous ones by relying on different modelling assumptions that are more appropriate to biological systems. We show that this novel approach leads to a free-boundary problem and we characterize the dynamics of the boundary.
Measurement of the $K^+\toπ^+γγ$ decay
Creators: name: The NA62 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sample of 3984 candidates of the $K^+\toπ^+γγ$ decay, with an estimated background of $291\pm14$ events, was collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN during 2017-2018. In order to describe the observed di-photon mass spectrum, the next-to-leading order contribution in chiral perturbation theory was found to be necessary. The decay branching ratio in the full kinematic range is measured to be $(9.61\pm0.17)\times10^{-7}$. The first search for production and prompt decay of an axion-like particle with gluon coupling in the process $K^+\toπ^+a$, $a\toγγ$ is also reported.
description: Revised version, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Diffusion Models for Earth Observation Use-cases: from cloud removal to urban change detection
Creators: name: Sanguigni, Fulvio
name: Czerkawski, Mikolaj
name: Papa, Lorenzo
name: Amerini, Irene
name: Saux, Bertrand Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advancements in the state of the art of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) brought by diffusion models can be highly beneficial in novel contexts involving Earth observation data. After introducing this new family of generative models, this work proposes and analyses three use cases which demonstrate the potential of diffusion-based approaches for satellite image data. Namely, we tackle cloud removal and inpainting, dataset generation for change-detection tasks, and urban replanning.
description: Presented at Big Data from Space 2023 (BiDS)
Bias-Driven Revision of Logical Domain Theories
Creators: name: Koppel, M.
name: Feldman, R.
name: Segre, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The theory revision problem is the problem of how best to go about revising a deficient domain theory using information contained in examples that expose inaccuracies. In this paper we present our approach to the theory revision problem for propositional domain theories. The approach described here, called PTR, uses probabilities associated with domain theory elements to numerically track the ``flow'' of proof through the theory. This allows us to measure the precise role of a clause or literal in allowing or preventing a (desired or undesired) derivation for a given example. This information is used to efficiently locate and repair flawed elements of the theory. PTR is proved to converge to a theory which correctly classifies all examples, and shown experimentally to be fast and accurate even for deep theories.
description: See http://www.jair.org/ for any accompanying files
Interfacial Thermal Transport and Electrical Performance of Supercapacitors with Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes
Creators: name: Alosious, Sobin
name: Tee, Shern R.
name: Searles, Debra J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced supercapacitors have great potential to transform how we store and utilize energy, leading to more efficient and sustainable energy systems. This study reveals the structural features influencing the interfacial thermal transport and electrical performances of supercapacitors, using the constant potential and constant charge molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Thermal and electrical properties were calculated for graphene/carbon nanotube composite electrodes and ionic liquid electrolytes with different nanotube diameter, number, layers, and alignments of the nanotubes. The effect of application of a constant potential on the Kapitza resistance is determined for the first time. The vertically aligned CNT structures exhibited higher electrical performance, while the horizontal arrangement showed better thermal performance. Optimum electrode configurations were identified by considering thermal and electrical performance, along with other design factors, such as structural stability, ease of manufacturing, and scalability. After considering all these factors, the horizontally stacked multi-layer CNT arrangement emerged as the optimal electrode structure. The insights gained from this study aid in comprehending the effects of variations in electrode structure, thereby enabling efficient supercapacitor electrode design.
Additional file 1 of How can a community of practice support healthcare professionals navigating new roles? a case study of genetic counsellors employed to work in medical specialities
Creators: name: Do, Trang Thu
name: McEwen, Alison
name: Martyn, Melissa
name: Gaff, Clara
name: Dawson-McClaren, Belinda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Parus pipra Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Paridae
Parus
Parus pipra

description: Parus pipra [spec. nov.]
P. ater, capite supra albo. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2. p.
Avicula toto corpore nigra, cum vitta alba. Seb. mus. 2. p. 102. t. 96. f. 5.
Habitat in Indiis.
Statura Motacillae, similis sequenti, sed rostrum paulo validius. Corpus totum nigrum. Caput totum album. Vibrissae ad os, validiores quam in congeneribus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 190-191, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Generalized Dynamic Programming Principle and Sparse Mean-Field Control Problems
Creators: name: Cavagnari, Giulia
name: Marigonda, Antonio
name: Piccoli, Benedetto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A60, 49J15

description: In this paper we study optimal control problems in Wasserstein spaces, which are suitable to describe macroscopic dynamics of multi-particle systems. The dynamics is described by a parametrized continuity equation, in which the Eulerian velocity field is affine w.r.t. some variables. Our aim is to minimize a cost functional which includes a control norm, thus enforcing a \emph{control sparsity} constraint. More precisely, we consider a nonlocal restriction on the total amount of control that can be used depending on the overall state of the evolving mass. We treat in details two main cases: an instantaneous constraint on the control applied to the evolving mass and a cumulative constraint, which depends also on the amount of control used in previous times. For both constraints, we prove the existence of optimal trajectories for general cost functions and that the value function is viscosity solution of a suitable Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellmann equation. Finally, we discuss an abstract Dynamic Programming Principle, providing further applications in the Appendix.
description: This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Exploring the Decision Forest: An Empirical Investigation of Occam's Razor in Decision Tree Induction
Creators: name: Murphy, P. M.
name: Pazzani, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We report on a series of experiments in which all decision trees consistent with the training data are constructed. These experiments were run to gain an understanding of the properties of the set of consistent decision trees and the factors that affect the accuracy of individual trees. In particular, we investigated the relationship between the size of a decision tree consistent with some training data and the accuracy of the tree on test data. The experiments were performed on a massively parallel Maspar computer. The results of the experiments on several artificial and two real world problems indicate that, for many of the problems investigated, smaller consistent decision trees are on average less accurate than the average accuracy of slightly larger trees.
description: See http://www.jair.org/ for any accompanying files
An Alternative Conception of Tree-Adjoining Derivation
Creators: name: Schabes, Yves
name: Shieber, Stuart M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The precise formulation of derivation for tree-adjoining grammars has important ramifications for a wide variety of uses of the formalism, from syntactic analysis to semantic interpretation and statistical language modeling. We argue that the definition of tree-adjoining derivation must be reformulated in order to manifest the proper linguistic dependencies in derivations. The particular proposal is both precisely characterizable through a definition of TAG derivations as equivalence classes of ordered derivation trees, and computationally operational, by virtue of a compilation to linear indexed grammars together with an efficient algorithm for recognition and parsing according to the compiled grammar.
description: 33 pages
Jackpot statistics, a physicist's approach
Creators: name: Gere, István
name: Kelemen, Szabolcs
name: Néda, Zoltán
name: Biró, Tamás S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At a first glance lottery is a form of gambling, a game in which the chances of winning is extremely small. But upon a deeper look, considering that the Jackpot prize of lotteries is a result of the active participation of millions of players, we come to the conclusion that the interaction of the simple rules with the high number of players creates an emergent complex system. Such a system is characterized by its time-series that presents some interesting properties. Given the inherent stochastic nature of this game, it can be described within a mean-field type approach, such as the one implemented in the Local Growth and Global Reset (LGGR) model. We argue that the Jackpot time-series behaves ergodic for six lotteries with diverse formats and player pools. Specifying this consideration in the framework of the LGGR model, we model the lotteries with growth rates confirmed by the time-series. The reset rate is deduced mathematically and confirmed by data. Given these parameters we calculate the probability density of the Jackpot prizes, that fits well the empirically observed ones. We propose to use a single w parameter, as the product of the player pools found under the jurisdiction of the lottery and the chance that a single lottery ticket wins.
Restricting the Weak-Generative Capacity of Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars
Creators: name: Shieber, Stuart M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The formalism of synchronous tree-adjoining grammars, a variant of standard tree-adjoining grammars (TAG), was intended to allow the use of TAGs for language transduction in addition to language specification. In previous work, the definition of the transduction relation defined by a synchronous TAG was given by appeal to an iterative rewriting process. The rewriting definition of derivation is problematic in that it greatly extends the expressivity of the formalism and makes the design of parsing algorithms difficult if not impossible. We introduce a simple, natural definition of synchronous tree-adjoining derivation, based on isomorphisms between standard tree-adjoining derivations, that avoids the expressivity and implementability problems of the original rewriting definition. The decrease in expressivity, which would otherwise make the method unusable, is offset by the incorporation of an alternative definition of standard tree-adjoining derivation, previously proposed for completely separate reasons, thereby making it practical to entertain using the natural definition of synchronous derivation. Nonetheless, some remaining problematic cases call for yet more flexibility in the definition; the isomorphism requirement may have to be relaxed. It remains for future research to tune the exact requirements on the allowable mappings.
description: 21 pages, uses lingmacros.sty, psfig.sty, fullname.sty; minor typographical changes only
Cosmic Vine: A z=3.44 large-scale structure hosting massive quiescent galaxies
Creators: name: Jin, Shuowen
name: Sillassen, Nikolaj B.
name: Magdis, Georgios E.
name: Brinch, Malte
name: Shuntov, Marko
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Gobat, Raphael
name: Valentino, Francesco
name: Carnall, Adam C.
name: Lee, Minju
name: Vijayan, Aswin P.
name: Gillman, Steven
name: Kokorev, Vasily
name: Bail, Aurélien Le
name: Greve, Thomas R.
name: Gullberg, Bitten
name: Gould, Katriona M. L.
name: Toft, Sune
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a large-scale structure at z=3.44 revealed by JWST data in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS) field. This structure, called the Cosmic Vine, consists of 20 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts at 3.4370\%$). Comparisons with simulations suggest that the Cosmic Vine would form a cluster with halo mass $M_{\rm halo}>10^{14}M_\odot$ at z=0, and the two massive galaxies are likely forming the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). The results unambiguously reveal that massive quiescent galaxies can form in growing large-scale structures at z>3, thus disfavoring the environmental quenching mechanisms that require a virialized cluster core. Instead, as suggested by the interacting and bulge-dominated morphologies, the two galaxies are likely quenched by merger-triggered starburst or active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback before falling into a cluster core. Moreover, we found that the observed specific star formation rates of massive quiescent galaxies in z>3 dense environments are one to two orders of magnitude lower than that of the BCGs in the TNG300 simulation. This discrepancy potentially poses a challenge to the models of massive cluster galaxy formation. Future studies comparing a large sample with dedicated cluster simulations are required to solve the problem.
description: A&A Letters in press, open access at https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348540
Data Management Planning - STFC Funding Applicants
Creators: name: Burnham, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80707 Organisation of Information and Knowledge Resources
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Date 02 September 2015 (original 15 July 2013)Version 1-3 This document is an adaptation of a document produced by the data.bris team at the University of Bristol, whose permission to adapt the document is gratefully acknowledged.
This legacy document reflects the research data management guidelines for STFC.

Created as part of the JISCMRD Programme (2011-2013).
Large deviations and phase transitions in spectral linear statistics of Gaussian random matrices
Creators: name: Valov, Alexander
name: Meerson, Baruch
name: Sasorov, Pavel V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate, in the large-$N$ limit, the complete probability distribution $\mathcal{P}(A,m)$ of the values $A$ of the sum $\sum_{i=1}^{N} |λ_i|^m$, where $λ_i$ ($i=1,2,\dots, N$) are the eigenvalues of a Gaussian random matrix, and $m$ is a positive real number. Combining the Coulomb gas method with numerical simulations using a matrix variant of the Wang-Landau algorithm, we found that, in the limit of $N\to \infty$, the rate function of $\mathcal{P}(A,m)$ exhibits phase transitions of different characters. The phase diagram of the system on the $(A,m)$ plane is surprisingly rich, as it includes three regions: (i) a region with a single-interval support of the optimal spectrum of eigenvalues, (ii) a region emerging for $m<2$ where the optimal spectrum splits into two separate intervals, and (iii) a region emerging for $m>2$ where the maximum or minimum eigenvalue ``evaporates" from the rest of eigenvalues and dominates the statistics of $A$. The phase transition between regions (i) and (iii) is of second order. Analytical arguments and numerical simulations strongly suggest that the phase transition between regions (i) and (ii) is of (in general) fractional order $p=1+1/|m-1|$, where $02$ occur at the ground state of the Coulomb gas which corresponds to the Wigner's semicircular distribution.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures
The construction and application of large scale 3D facial models
Creators: name: Booth, James
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: 3D Morphable Models (3DMMs) are powerful statistical models of the 3D shape and texture of the human face, and algorithms based around them are presently state of the art for recovering the 3D geometry and appearance of a face from an image. Even so, the applications of such techniques are gated by a number of factors. Firstly, existing techniques for constructing 3DMMs require manual intervention, limiting the amount of training data that can be used. As 3DMM algorithms can only recover solutions present in the span of the statistical model used, this places a fundamental limit on reconstruction quality to the confines of face models trained from smaller cohorts of data. Secondly, existing approaches for 3D reconstruction from images using 3DMMs are either fragile to real-world "in-the-wild" image effects, or limited in their ability to recover person-specific detail. Finally, there is limited work on the recovery of 3D geometry from "in-the-wild" video sequences of an individual, a very common modality of data in 2017. This thesis takes steps forwards in all three of these domains. A novel pipeline for 3DMM construction is presented that is completely automated, allowing for the construction of large scale 3D Morphable Models for the first time. By using this approach on a new dataset of 10,000 facial scans, the Large Scale Facial Model (LSFM) is introduced, a new 3DMM which is shown to have far more representative power than previous facial models. It is demonstrated that this increased power translates into better performance in 3DMM applications, and a study is performed into the effects of demographic traits such as age, gender and ethnicity on 3D facial appearance. A new approach for fitting 3DMMs to images is developed which is capable of recovering shape detail without sacrificing robustness to "in-the-wild" effects. To achieve this, it is demonstrated that an "in-the-wild" texture model for a 3DMM can be learnt from a distribution of real world images. This new "in-the-wild" 3DMM benefits from a simple but effective cost function that can be reliably optimised even in the case of challenging facial images. Finally, videos of people are given specific treatment for the "in-the-wild" 3DMM, leading to an optimal solution for 3D face tracking in this common data modality.
Planetary Complexity Revealed by the Joint Differential Entropy of Eigencolours
Creators: name: Segal, Gary
name: Parkinson, David
name: Bartlett, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a measure, the joint differential entropy of eigencolours, for determining the spatial complexity of exoplanets using only spatially unresolved light curve data. The measure can be used to search for habitable planets, based on the premise of a potential association between life and exoplanet complexity. We present an analysis using disk-integrated light curves from Earth, developed in previous studies, as a proxy for exoplanet data. We show that this quantity is distinct from previous measures of exoplanet complexity due to its sensitivity to spatial information that is masked by features with large mutual information between wavelengths, such as cloud cover. The measure has a natural upper limit and appears to avoid a strong bias toward specific planetary features. This makes it a candidate for being used as a generalisable measure of exoplanet habitability, since it is agnostic regarding the form that life could take.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Towards Large-scale Functional Verification of Universal Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Amy, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a framework for the formal specification and verification of quantum circuits based on the Feynman path integral. Our formalism, built around exponential sums of polynomial functions, provides a structured and natural way of specifying quantum operations, particularly for quantum implementations of classical functions. Verification of circuits over all levels of the Clifford hierarchy with respect to either a specification or reference circuit is enabled by a novel rewrite system for exponential sums with free variables. Our algorithm is further shown to give a polynomial-time decision procedure for checking the equivalence of Clifford group circuits. We evaluate our methods by performing automated verification of optimized Clifford+T circuits with up to 100 qubits and thousands of T gates, as well as the functional verification of quantum algorithms using hundreds of qubits. Our experiments culminate in the automated verification of the Hidden Shift algorithm for a class of Boolean functions in a fraction of the time it has taken recent algorithms to simulate.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2018, arXiv:1901.09476
Additional file 3 of How can a community of practice support healthcare professionals navigating new roles? a case study of genetic counsellors employed to work in medical specialities
Creators: name: Do, Trang Thu
name: McEwen, Alison
name: Martyn, Melissa
name: Gaff, Clara
name: Dawson-McClaren, Belinda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 3.
Source of black bounces in Rastall gravity
Creators: name: Atazadeh, K.
name: Hadi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we explore the black bounce solution in Rastall gravity and its potential source field, which can be described as a black hole or wormhole solution depending on certain parameters. We focus on the Bardeen-Type black bounce and Simpson-Visser solution and aim to identify an appropriate source field for these solutions. Our findings suggest that in Rastall gravity, a source for the black bounce solution with non-linear electromagnetic can be found. However, in the presence of a non-linear electromagnetic source, it is impossible to identify an appropriate source for the black bounce solution without a scalar field. We also investigate the energy conditions outside the event horizon for two types of black bounce solutions: Simpson-Visser and Bardeen. We find that these solutions do not satisfy the null energy condition, but we also reveal that Rastall gravity has more flexibility for maintaining some of the energy conditions by selecting an appropriate value for the Rastall parameter $γ$.
description: 19 pages, 23 figures, match the published version in JCAP; typo corrected
title: ADCO, Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0417
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0417, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0417, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
Constraint-Based Categorial Grammar
Creators: name: Bouma, Gosse
name: van Noord, Gertjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a generalization of Categorial Grammar in which lexical categories are defined by means of recursive constraints. In particular, the introduction of relational constraints allows one to capture the effects of (recursive) lexical rules in a computationally attractive manner. We illustrate the linguistic merits of the new approach by showing how it accounts for the syntax of Dutch cross-serial dependencies and the position and scope of adjuncts in such constructions. Delayed evaluation is used to process grammars containing recursive constraints.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX
Quantum harmonic oscillator, entanglement in the vacuum and its geometric interpretation
Creators: name: Plewa, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by ER=EPR conjecture we present a mathematical tool providing a link between quantum entanglement and the geometry of spacetime. We start with the idea of operators in extended Hilbert space which, by definition, has no positive definite scalar product. Adopting several simple postulates we show that a quantum harmonic oscillator can be constructed as a positive definite sector in that space. We discuss the two-dimensional oscillator constructed in such a way that the ground state is maximally entangled. Being a vector in the Hilbert space, it has also a non-trivial expansion in a bigger extended space. On one hand, the space is not free of negative norm states. On the other hand, it allows one to interpret the ground state geometrically in terms of $AdS_3$. The interpretation is based solely on the form of the expansion, revealing certain structures at the boundary and in the bulk of $AdS_3$. The former correspond to world lines of massless particles at the boundary. The latter resemble interacting closed strings.
description: One subsection removed, more detailed analysis of results, corrected typos
Additional file 2 of How can a community of practice support healthcare professionals navigating new roles? a case study of genetic counsellors employed to work in medical specialities
Creators: name: Do, Trang Thu
name: McEwen, Alison
name: Martyn, Melissa
name: Gaff, Clara
name: Dawson-McClaren, Belinda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2.
Parus erythrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Paridae
Parus
Parus erythrocephalus

description: Parus erythrocephalus [spec. nov.]
P. niger, capite femoribusque fulvis.
Parus auricapillus. Klein. av. 86.
Parus niger, capite fulvo. Edw. av. 21. p. 21.
Habitat in America australi.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 191, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Controlling collisional loss and scattering lengths of ultracold dipolar molecules with static electric fields
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Bijit
name: Hutson, Jeremy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trapped samples of ultracold molecules are often short-lived, because close collisions between them result in trap loss. We investigate the use of shielding with static electric fields to create repulsive barriers between polar molecules to prevent such loss. Shielding is very effective even for RbCs, with a relatively low dipole moment, and even more effective for molecules such as NaK, NaRb and NaCs, with progressively larger dipoles. Varying the electric field allows substantial control over the scattering length, which will be crucial for the stability or collapse of molecular Bose-Einstein condensates. This arises because the dipole-dipole interaction creates a long-range attraction that is tunable with electric field. For RbCs, the scattering length is positive across the range where shielding is effective, because the repulsion responsible for shielding dominates. For NaK, the scattering length can be tuned across zero to negative values. For NaRb and NaCs, the attraction is strong enough to support tetraatomic bound states, and the scattering length passes through resonant poles where these states cross threshold. For KAg and CsAg, there are multiple bound states and multiple poles. For each molecule, we calculate the variation of scattering length with field and comment on the possibilities for exploring new physics.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures and 1 table
Adjuncts and the Processing of Lexical Rules
Creators: name: van Noord, Gertjan
name: Bouma, Gosse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The standard HPSG analysis of Germanic verb clusters can not explain the observed narrow-scope readings of adjuncts in such verb clusters. We present an extension of the HPSG analysis that accounts for the systematic ambiguity of the scope of adjuncts in verb cluster constructions, by treating adjuncts as members of the subcat list. The extension uses powerful recursive lexical rules, implemented as complex constraints. We show how `delayed evaluation' techniques from constraint-logic programming can be used to process such lexical rules.
description: 8 pages (a4wide), to be published in Coling-94
Executions in (Semi-)Integer Petri Nets are Compact Closed Categories
Creators: name: Genovese, Fabrizio
name: Herold, Jelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we analyse Petri nets where places are allowed to have a negative number of tokens. For each net we build its correspondent category of executions, which is compact closed, and prove that this procedure is functorial. We moreover exhibit a procedure to recover the original net from its category of executions, show that it is again functorial, and that this gives rise to an adjoint pair. Finally, we use compact closeness to infer that allowing negative tokens in a Petri net makes the causal relations between transition firings non-trivial, and we use this to model interesting phenomena in economics and computer science.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2018, arXiv:1901.09476
Temporal Relations: Reference or Discourse Coherence?
Creators: name: Kehler, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The temporal relations that hold between events described by successive utterances are often left implicit or underspecified. We address the role of two phenomena with respect to the recovery of these relations: (1) the referential properties of tense, and (2) the role of temporal constraints imposed by coherence relations. We account for several facets of the identification of temporal relations through an integration of these.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of ACL-94, Student Session. 5 pages, LaTeX source, requires lingmacros. Comments are welcome
Data Management Planning - NERC Funding Applicants
Creators: name: Burnham, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80707 Organisation of Information and Knowledge Resources
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Date 2 September 2015 (original 15 July 2013)Version 1-3 This document is an adaptation of a document produced by the data.bris team at the University of Bristol, whose permission to adapt the document is gratefully acknowledged.
This legacy document reflects the research data management guidelines for NERC.
Created as part of the JISCMRD Programme (2011-2013).
Higher-order CPM Constructions
Creators: name: Gogioso, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a higher-order generalisation of the CPM construction based on arbitrary finite abelian group symmetries of symmetric monoidal categories. We show that our new construction is functorial, and that its closure under iteration can be characterised by seeing the construction as an algebra for an appropriate monad. We provide several examples of the construction, connecting to previous work on the CPM construction and on categorical probabilistic theories, as well as upcoming work on higher-order interference and hyper-decoherence.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2018, arXiv:1901.09476
Pearl: A Probabilistic Chart Parser
Creators: name: Magerman, David M.
name: Marcus, Mitchell P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a natural language parsing algorithm for unrestricted text which uses a probability-based scoring function to select the "best" parse of a sentence. The parser, Pearl, is a time-asynchronous bottom-up chart parser with Earley-type top-down prediction which pursues the highest-scoring theory in the chart, where the score of a theory represents the extent to which the context of the sentence predicts that interpretation. This parser differs from previous attempts at stochastic parsers in that it uses a richer form of conditional probabilities based on context to predict likelihood. Pearl also provides a framework for incorporating the results of previous work in part-of-speech assignment, unknown word models, and other probabilistic models of linguistic features into one parsing tool, interleaving these techniques instead of using the traditional pipeline architecture. In preliminary tests, Pearl has been successful at resolving part-of-speech and word (in speech processing) ambiguity, determining categories for unknown words, and selecting correct parses first using a very loosely fitting covering grammar.
description: 7 pages
Stretch-activated channels in heart valve cells
Creators: name: Alshammari, Hessah Farhan A
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The aortic valve is a sophisticated structure that performs complex functions to preserve the unidirectional flow of blood and maintenance of myocardial function. Valve endothelial cells (VECs) cover the two surfaces of aortic valve cusps in a continuous layer consisting of the endocardium and the sinus wall endothelium. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) are a heterogeneous and dynamic population of cells that form the body of valve cusps and are located within the extracellular matrix. VECs experience continuous and different mechanical forces in both side and VICs are experience continuous and varying mechanical forces, including stretch. These mechanical forces are translated to the cells via electrochemical or biochemical signals through mechanotransduction pathways, which may include stretch-activated ion channels (SACs) which are membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical force and activate intracellular signalling pathways that mediate the functional response of the cells. The overall aim of this study was to investigate SACs presence and their functional roles in VECs and VICs. The presence of stretch-activated ion channels was studied electrophysiologically and biochemically in VECs from each side of the valve and different phenotypes of VICs. The role of SAC on alignment of and proliferation VECs, migration and collagen production in VICs were assessed. Stretch-activated ion channels receptors including (KCNK2, KCNJ8, TRPM4, TRPV4 and TRPC6) were present in VECs and VICs. SACs have the same channel activity in VECs from aortic and ventricular sides, but the expression level of some SACs are significantly more in VECs isolated from the ventricular side. Additionally, functional roles of SACs in VECs was demonstrated where blocking of SACs significantly reduced VECs alignment under shear stress. SACs activity and expression varied in VICs of a fibroblast, myofibroblast and osteoblast phenotype, which correlated with changes in fibroblast and osteoblast markers. SACs blockers significantly reduced migration and collagen production of VICs in response to mechanical stretch. Also, SACs activators regulated VICs proliferation in static condition. In conclusion, SACs are present in VECs and VICs and have regulatory roles in some mechanically-mediated cells responses or function. This study shows a role for SACs in the mechanobiology of valve cells, and information provides a new insight towards understanding valve cell function in health and disease.