cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improving the Reliability of Network Intrusion Detection Systems through Dataset Integration
Creators: name: Magán-Carrión, Roberto
name: Urda, Daniel
name: Díaz-Cano, Ignacio
name: Dorronsoro, Bernabé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work presents Reliable-NIDS (R-NIDS), a novel methodology for Machine Learning (ML) based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) that allows ML models to work on integrated datasets, empowering the learning process with diverse information from different datasets. Therefore, R-NIDS targets the design of more robust models, that generalize better than traditional approaches. We also propose a new dataset, called UNK21. It is built from three of the most well-known network datasets (UGR'16, USNW-NB15 and NLS-KDD), each one gathered from its own network environment, with different features and classes, by using a data aggregation approach present in R-NIDS. Following R-NIDS, in this work we propose to build two well-known ML models (a linear and a non-linear one) based on the information of three of the most common datasets in the literature for NIDS evaluation, those integrated in UNK21. The results that the proposed methodology offers show how these two ML models trained as a NIDS solution could benefit from this approach, being able to generalize better when training on the newly proposed UNK21 dataset. Furthermore, these results are carefully analyzed with statistical tools that provide high confidence on our conclusions.
description: Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing journal
Loss Analysis of High-Efficiency Back-Contact Back-Junction Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kluska, S.
name: Granek, F.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1590-1595
description: This work presents a model to assess the loss mechanisms of back-contact back-junction (BC-BJ) silicon solar cells fabricated at Fraunhofer ISE. It describes the three main loss mechanisms in our BC-BJ solar cells: the series resistance, the optical losses and the recombination losses and their influence on the cell efficiency. The several calculations are based on a simplified quasi-one-dimensional analytical model for the series resistance, a ray tracing simulation for the optical losses and analytical and numerical simulations for the
recombination losses. Experimental measurements of the specific losses are in a good agreement with the modeled values. The reduction of the cell efficiency due to the three processes was determined to be 3.29 % abs. due to
recombination processes, 1.95 % abs. due to optical losses and 0.24 % abs. due to series resistance effects. Hence the theoretical achievable cell efficiency for the actual cell design is predicted to be 22.89 % in comparison to the best
measured cell result of 21.3 %.
Amorphous Silicon Carbide Hetero-Emitters for High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Janz, S.
name: Ziegler, J.
name: Pysch, D.
name: Suwito, D.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1720-1723
description: We investigated different amorphous SixC1-x:H layers for their applicability as hetero-emitter materials. The deposition with Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) in a preliminary industrial stage plasma reactor was done without any wet-chemical pre-cleaning directly before the deposition. In a first step the single layers were characterised optically with Spectral Ellipsometry (SE) which showed an enhanced transparency of a-SixC1-x:H layers with a very low carbon content below 10 % compared to a-Si:H. On both sides passivated Si float zone wafers we measured minority carrier lifetimes with the Quasi Steady-State Photoconductance (QSS-PC) method which showed excellent passivation performance for 70 nm thick layers and a detrimental performance loss for thicknesses below 10 nm. With the Constant Photocurrent Method (CPM) we found a significant increase of the Urbach energy when incorporating phosphorous into the layer network. The solar cell had a hetero-junction on the front-side and a passivated rear-side (SiO2) with local contacts (PERC). The first cell batches were strongly influenced by technological problems such as material inhomogeneities over the cell area, contaminations on the surface and a poor grid finger/ITO adhesion behaviour. Nevertheless, we could achieve an excellent open circuit voltage of 674 mV.
Photometric Redshifts from SDSS Images with an Interpretable Deep Capsule Network
Creators: name: Dey, Biprateep
name: Andrews, Brett H.
name: Newman, Jeffrey A.
name: Mao, Yao-Yuan
name: Rau, Markus Michael
name: Zhou, Rongpu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of cosmology, galaxy evolution, and astronomical transients with current and next-generation wide-field imaging surveys like the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) are all critically dependent on estimates of photometric redshifts. Capsule networks are a new type of neural network architecture that is better suited for identifying morphological features of the input images than traditional convolutional neural networks. We use a deep capsule network trained on $ugriz$ images, spectroscopic redshifts, and Galaxy Zoo spiral/elliptical classifications of $\sim$400,000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies to do photometric redshift estimation. We achieve a photometric redshift prediction accuracy and a fraction of catastrophic outliers that are comparable to or better than current methods for SDSS main galaxy sample-like data sets ($r\leq17.8$ and $z_{\mathrm{spec}}\leq0.4$) while requiring less data and fewer trainable parameters. Furthermore, the decision-making of our capsule network is much more easily interpretable as capsules act as a low-dimensional encoding of the image. When the capsules are projected on a 2-dimensional manifold, they form a single redshift sequence with the fraction of spirals in a region exhibiting a gradient roughly perpendicular to the redshift sequence. We perturb encodings of real galaxy images in this low-dimensional space to create synthetic galaxy images that demonstrate the image properties (e.g., size, orientation, and surface brightness) encoded by each dimension. We also measure correlations between galaxy properties (e.g., magnitudes, colours, and stellar mass) and each capsule dimension. We publicly release our code, estimated redshifts, and additional catalogues at https://biprateep.github.io/encapZulate-1 .
description: 22 pages, 12 figures. Published in MNRAS
Radial profiles of the Phoebe ring, a vast debris disk around Saturn
Creators: name: Tamayo, Daniel
name: Markham, Stephen R.
name: Hedman, Matthew M.
name: Burns, Joseph A.
name: Hamilton, Douglas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations at optical wavelengths with the Cassini Spacecraft's Imaging Science System of the Phoebe ring, a vast debris disk around Saturn that seems to be collisionally generated by its irregular satellites. The analysis reveals a radial profile from 80-260 Saturn radii ($R_S$) that changes behavior interior to $\approx 110 R_S$, which we attribute to either the moon Iapetus sweeping up small particles, or to orbital instabilities that cause the ring to flare up vertically. Our study yields an integrated I/F at 0.635 $μ$m along Saturn's shadow in the Phoebe ring's midplane from 80-250 $R_S$ of $2.7^{+0.9}_{-0.3} \times 10^{-9}$. We develop an analytical model for the size-dependent secular dynamics of retrograde Phoebe ring grains, and compare this model to the observations. This analysis implies that 1) the "Phoebe" ring is partially sourced by debris from irregular satellites beyond Phoebe's orbit and 2) the scattered light signal is dominated by small grains ($\lesssim 20μ$m in size). If we assume that the Phoebe ring is generated through steady-state micrometeoroid bombardment, this implies a power-law size distribution with index $> 4$, which is unusually steep among solar system rings. This suggests either a steep size distribution of ejecta when material is initially released, or a subsequent process that preferentially breaks up large grains.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in Icarus
Custom Orthogonal Weight functions (COWs) for Event Classification
Creators: name: Dembinski, Hans
name: Kenzie, Matthew
name: Langenbruch, Christoph
name: Schmelling, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common problem in data analysis is the separation of signal and background. We revisit and generalise the so-called $sWeights$ method, which allows one to calculate an empirical estimate of the signal density of a control variable using a fit of a mixed signal and background model to a discriminating variable. We show that $sWeights$ are a special case of a larger class of Custom Orthogonal Weight functions (COWs), which can be applied to a more general class of problems in which the discriminating and control variables are not necessarily independent and still achieve close to optimal performance. We also investigate the properties of parameters estimated from fits of statistical models to $sWeights$ and provide closed formulas for the asymptotic covariance matrix of the fitted parameters. To illustrate our findings, we discuss several practical applications of these techniques.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, for associated software tools see https://pypi.org/project/sweights/
Pilot Study On Role of Political Skills Between Emotional Intelligence And Organizational Citizenship Behavior.
Creators: name: PATEL, DIVYESH
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Organisational behaviour

description: Data Consists of 40 Responses From The State of Gujarat Inida. Survey Was Conducted on The Manufacturing Sector And Data Was Collected on The Scales of Political Skills, Emotional Intelligence And Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Data Was Analysed Through SPSS.
The Influence of Modification of Gravity on the Dynamics of Radiating Spherical Fluids
Creators: name: Yousaf, Z.
name: Bamba, Kazuharu
name: Bhatti, M. Zaeem ul Haq
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the evolutionary behaviors of compact objects in a modified gravitational theory with the help of structure scalars. Particularly, we consider the spherical geometry coupled with heat and radiation emitting shearing viscous matter configurations. We construct structure scalars by splitting the Riemann tensor orthogonally in $f(R,T)$ gravity with and without constant $R$ and $T$ constraints, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar and $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. We investigate the influence of modification of gravity on the physical meaning of scalar functions for radiating spherical matter configurations. It is explicitly demonstrated that even in modified gravity, the evolutionary phases of relativistic stellar systems can be analyzed through the set of modified scalar functions.
description: 25 pages, no figure, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Specificity-Preserving Federated Learning for MR Image Reconstruction
Creators: name: Feng, Chun-Mei
name: Yan, Yunlu
name: Wang, Shanshan
name: Xu, Yong
name: Shao, Ling
name: Fu, Huazhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning (FL) can be used to improve data privacy and efficiency in magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction by enabling multiple institutions to collaborate without needing to aggregate local data. However, the domain shift caused by different MR imaging protocols can substantially degrade the performance of FL models. Recent FL techniques tend to solve this by enhancing the generalization of the global model, but they ignore the domain-specific features, which may contain important information about the device properties and be useful for local reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a specificity-preserving FL algorithm for MR image reconstruction (FedMRI). The core idea is to divide the MR reconstruction model into two parts: a globally shared encoder to obtain a generalized representation at the global level, and a client-specific decoder to preserve the domain-specific properties of each client, which is important for collaborative reconstruction when the clients have unique distribution. Such scheme is then executed in the frequency space and the image space respectively, allowing exploration of generalized representation and client-specific properties simultaneously in different spaces. Moreover, to further boost the convergence of the globally shared encoder when a domain shift is present, a weighted contrastive regularization is introduced to directly correct any deviation between the client and server during optimization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our FedMRI's reconstructed results are the closest to the ground-truth for multi-institutional data, and that it outperforms state-of-the-art FL methods.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures Code: https://github.com/chunmeifeng/FedMRI
Snakes combine vertical and lateral bending to traverse uneven terrain
Creators: name: Fu, Qiyuan
name: Astely, Henry C.
name: Li, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Terrestrial locomotion requires generating appropriate ground reaction forces which depend on substrate geometry and physical properties. The richness of positions and orientations of terrain features in the 3-D world gives limbless animals like snakes that can bend their body versatility to generate forces from different contact areas for propulsion. Despite many previous studies of how snakes use lateral body bending for propulsion on relatively flat surfaces with lateral contact points, little is known about whether and how much snakes use vertical body bending in combination with lateral bending in 3-D terrain. This lack had contributed to snake robots being inferior to animals in stability, efficiency, and versatility when traversing complex 3-D environments. Here, to begin to elucidate this, we studied how the generalist corn snake traversed an uneven arena of blocks of random height variation 5 times its body height. The animal traversed the uneven terrain with perfect stability by propagating 3-D bending down its body with little transverse motion (11° slip angle). Although the animal preferred moving through valleys with higher neighboring blocks, it did not prefer lateral bending. Among body-terrain contact regions that potentially provide propulsion, 52% were formed by vertical body bending and 48% by lateral bending. The combination of vertical and lateral bending may dramatically expand the sources of propulsive forces available to limbless locomotors by utilizing various asperities available in 3-D terrain. Direct measurements of contact forces are necessary to further understand how snakes coordinate 3-D bending along the entire body via sensory feedback to propel through 3-D terrain. These studies will open a path to new propulsive mechanisms for snake robots, potentially increasing the performance and versatility in 3-D terrain.
Symmetry of magnetic correlations in spin-triplet superconductor UTe2
Creators: name: Butch, Nicholas P.
name: Ran, Sheng
name: Saha, Shanta R.
name: Neves, Paul M.
name: Zic, Mark P.
name: Paglione, Johnpierre
name: Gladchenko, Sergiy
name: Ye, Qiang
name: Rodriguez, Jose A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependence of the low-energy magnetic excitations in the spin-triplet superconductor UTe$_2$ was measured via inelastic neutron scattering in the normal and superconducting states. The imaginary part of the dynamic susceptibility follows the behavior of interband correlations in a hybridized Kondo lattice with an appropriate characteristic energy. These excitations are a lower-dimensional analogue of phenomena observed in other Kondo lattice materials, such that their presence is not necessarily due to dominance of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic correlations. The onset of superconductivity alters the magnetic excitations noticeably on the same energy scales, suggesting that these changes originate from additional electronic structure modification.
Is the orbital-selective Mott phase stable against interorbital hopping?
Creators: name: Kugler, Fabian B.
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The localization-delocalization transition is at the heart of strong correlation physics. Recently, there is great interest in multiorbital systems where this transition can be restricted to certain orbitals, leading to an orbital-selective Mott phase (OSMP). Theoretically, the OSMP is widely studied for kinetically decoupled orbitals, but the effect of interorbital hopping remains unclear. Here, we show how nonlocal interorbital hopping leads to local hybridization in single-site dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). Under fairly general circumstances, this implies that, at zero temperature, the OSMP, involving the Mott-insulating state of one orbital, is unstable against interorbital hopping to different, metallic orbital. We further show that the coherence scale below which all electrons are itinerant is very small and gets exponentially suppressed even if the interorbital hopping is not overly small. Within this framework, the OSMP with interorbital hopping may thus reach down to extremely low temperatures $T$, but not to $T=0$. Accordingly, it is part of a coherence-incoherence crossover and not a quantum critical point. We present analytical arguments supported by numerical results using the numerical renormalization group as a DMFT impurity solver. We also compare our findings with previous slave-spin studies.
The ‘Wayfinders’ of Abortion Access: Analyzing the Interstitial Affective Care of Volunteer Case Managers at the Chicago Abortion Fund
Creators: name: Hurtado, Alicia
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: The increasing hostility of the abortion access landscape and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have increased stressors for organizations bridging access to abortion care, such as the Chicago Abortion Fund (CAF). Through interviews with 12 current, and one recently retired, CAF Case Managers (CMs), this paper analyzes the emotional support offered in CM-caller interactions through the theoretical lens of what I call interstitial affective care. This specific mode of care work exists in the cracks of an intentionally flawed system that challenges the bounds of care possible and the capacity of caregivers. Stressful, uncertain, or isolating situations arising from oppressive societal structures are managed by CMs both through affective labor in order to reassure callers of their competency, and through care work that prioritizes holding space for callers as they navigate a stigmatized geography of care. In examining the work of CMs on CAF’s helpline, the impact of non-clinical, sustained care becomes clear, as well as the need to invest in abortion funds as sites that understand pathways to identify/overcome a host of barriers to abortion care and a broader liberated future that includes accessible, affirming abortion care.
Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis in Type IIB String Models
Creators: name: Allahverdi, Rouzbeh
name: Cicoli, Michele
name: Muia, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a viable string embedding of Affleck-Dine baryogenesis in type IIB sequestered models where the late-time decay of the lightest modulus reheats the universe to relatively low temperatures. We show that if inflation is driven by a blow-up Kaehler modulus, the Affleck-Dine field can become tachyonic during inflation if the Kaehler metric for matter fields has an appropriate inflaton-dependent contribution. We find that the Affleck-Dine mechanism can generate the observed baryon asymmetry for natural values of the underlying parameters which lead also to successful inflation and low-energy gaugino masses in a split supersymmetry scenario. The reheating temperature from the lightest modulus decay is high enough to allow thermal Higgsino-like dark matter.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure
Spectral Functions of the Holstein Polaron: Exact and Approximate Solutions
Creators: name: Mitrić, Petar
name: Janković, Veljko
name: Vukmirović, Nenad
name: Tanasković, Darko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally accepted that the dynamical mean field theory gives a good solution of the Holstein model, but only in dimensions greater than two. Here, we show that this theory, which becomes exact in the weak coupling and in the atomic limit, provides an excellent, numerically cheap, approximate solution for the spectral function of the Holstein model in the whole range of parameters, even in one dimension. To establish this, we make a detailed comparison with the spectral functions that we obtain using the newly developed momentum-space numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion method, which yields electronic correlation functions directly in real time. We crosscheck these conclusions with our path integral quantum Monte Carlo and exact diagonalization results, as well as with the available numerically exact results from the literature.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures + supp.mat. 25 pages, 28 figures
Graph Signal Reconstruction Techniques for IoT Air Pollution Monitoring Platforms
Creators: name: Ferrer-Cid, Pau
name: Barcelo-Ordinas, Jose M.
name: Garcia-Vidal, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Air pollution monitoring platforms play a very important role in preventing and mitigating the effects of pollution. Recent advances in the field of graph signal processing have made it possible to describe and analyze air pollution monitoring networks using graphs. One of the main applications is the reconstruction of the measured signal in a graph using a subset of sensors. Reconstructing the signal using information from sensor neighbors can help improve the quality of network data, examples are filling in missing data with correlated neighboring nodes, or correcting a drifting sensor with neighboring sensors that are more accurate. This paper compares the use of various types of graph signal reconstruction methods applied to real data sets of Spanish air pollution reference stations. The methods considered are Laplacian interpolation, graph signal processing low-pass based graph signal reconstruction, and kernel-based graph signal reconstruction, and are compared on actual air pollution data sets measuring O3, NO2, and PM10. The ability of the methods to reconstruct the signal of a pollutant is shown, as well as the computational cost of this reconstruction. The results indicate the superiority of methods based on kernel-based graph signal reconstruction, as well as the difficulties of the methods to scale in an air pollution monitoring network with a large number of low-cost sensors. However, we show that scalability can be overcome with simple methods, such as partitioning the network using a clustering algorithm.
description: Accepted in IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Charge-dependent slip flow of ionic liquids through the non-uniform microfluidic device: pressure drop and electroviscous effects
Creators: name: Dhakar, Jitendra
name: Bharti, Ram Prakash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates electroviscous effects in presence of charge-dependent slip in steady pressure-driven laminar flow of a symmetric (1:1) electrolyte liquid through a uniformly charged slit contraction - expansion (4:1:4) microfluidic device. The mathematical model comprising Poisson's, Nernst-Planck, Navier-Stokes, and current continuity equations are solved numerically using finite element method (FEM). The flow fields (electrical potential, charge, induced electric field strength, pressure drop, and electroviscous correction factor) have been obtained and presented for a wide range of parameters like inverse Debye length (K=2-20), surface charge density (S=4-16) and slip length ($0\le B_0\le 0.20$) at fixed Schmidt number (Sc=1000) and low Reynolds number (Re=0.01). The flow fields have shown complex dependence on governing parameters. The charge-dependent slip has further enhanced complexity of dependency in comparison to no-slip condition. The total electrical potential ($|ΔU|$) maximally increases by 78.68%, and pressure drop ($|ΔP|$) maximally decreases by 63.42%, relative to no-slip flow, over the ranges of conditions. The electroviscous correction factor ($Y=$ ratio of apparent to physical viscosity) increases by 33.58% under the no-slip ($B_0=0$) condition. It ($Y$) increases maximally by 72.10% for charge-dependent slip than in no-slip flow for considered ranges of the conditions. A simple analytical model to estimate the pressure drop in the electroviscous flow has been developed based on the Poiseuille flow in individual uniform sections and pressure loss due to thin orifice. The model overpredicts pressure drop by 2 - 4% from the numerical values. Finally, the predictive relations, depicting the functional dependence of numerical results on governing parameters, are presented for their practical use in design and engineering of microfluidic devices.
Symmetry analysis of bond-alternating Kitaev spin chains and ladders
Creators: name: Yang, Wang
name: Nocera, Alberto
name: Herringer, Paul
name: Raussendorf, Robert
name: Affleck, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we analyze the nonsymmorphic symmetry group structures for a variety of generalized Kitaev spin chains and ladders with bond alternations, including Kitaev-Gamma chain, Kitaev-Heisenberg-Gamma chain, beyond nearest neighbor interactions, and two-leg spin ladders. The symmetry analysis is applied to determine the symmetry breaking patterns of several magnetically ordered phases in the bond-alternating Kitaev-Gamma spin chains, as well as the dimerization order parameters for spontaneous dimerizations. Our work is useful in understanding the magnetic phases in related models and may provide guidance for the symmetry classifications of mean field solutions in further investigations.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Aura-3D: A Three-dimensional Atmospheric Retrieval Framework for Exoplanet Transmission Spectra
Creators: name: Nixon, Matthew C.
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atmospheric retrievals of exoplanet transmission spectra allow constraints on the composition and structure of the day-night terminator region. Such retrievals in the past have typically assumed one-dimensional temperature structures which were adequate to explain extant observations. However, the increasing data quality expected from exoplanet spectroscopy with JWST motivates considerations of multidimensional atmospheric retrievals. We present AURA-3D, a three-dimensional atmospheric retrieval framework for exoplanet transmission spectra. AURA-3D includes a forward model that enables rapid computation of transmission spectra in 3D geometry for a given atmospheric structure and can, therefore, be used for atmospheric retrievals as well as for computing spectra from General Circulation Models (GCMs). In order to efficiently explore the space of possible 3D temperature structures in retrievals, we develop a parametric 3D pressure-temperature profile which can accurately represent azimuthally-averaged temperature structures of a range of hot Jupiter GCMs. We apply our retrieval framework to simulated JWST observations of hot Jupiter transmission spectra, obtaining accurate estimates of the day-night temperature variation across the terminator as well as the abundances of chemical species. We demonstrate an example of a model hot Jupiter transmission spectrum for which a traditional 1D retrieval of JWST-quality data returns biased abundance estimates, whereas a retrieval including a day-night temperature gradient can accurately retrieve the true abundances. Our forward model also has the capability to include inhomogeneous chemistry as well as variable clouds/hazes. This new retrieval framework opens the field to detailed multidimensional atmospheric characterisation using transmission spectra of exoplanets in the JWST era.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
ECOTOX Knowledgebase Quick Guide
Creators: name: Olker, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 321407
subject: Toxicology (incl. clinical toxicology)

description: This sub-product is the updated ECOTOX Knowledgebase Quick Guide for FY23-24 with any general changes and additions to accessing the ECOTOX user interface and conducting queries. Periodic updates to this end user documentation, along with the trainings, webinars, and demonstrations, will provide guidance on utilizing and searching for information, highlight utility and new features, and help users access pertinent information quickly to help inform decision making and research goals.
Science Inventory, CCTE products: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_search_results.cfm?advSearch=true&showCriteria=2&keyword=CCTE&TIMSType=&TIMSSubTypeID=&epaNumber=&ombCat=Any&dateBeginPublishedPresented=07/01/2017&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&DEID=&personName=&personID=&role=Any&journalName=&journalID=&publisherName=&publisherID=&sortBy=pubDate&count=25
Efficiency of Hot Carriers Solar Cells with an Indium Nitride Absorber Layer
Creators: name: Aliberti, P.
name: Feng, Y.
name: Clady, R.
name: Tayebjee, M.J.Y.
name: Schmidt, T.W.
name: Shrestha, S.
name: Green, M.A.
name: Conibeer, G.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 60-64
description: Theoretical efficiencies of a hot carrier solar cell considering Indium nitride as the absorber material
have been calculated in this work. In a hot carrier solar cell highly energetic carriers are extracted from the device
before thermalisation, allowing higher efficiencies in comparison to conventional solar cells. Previous reports on
efficiency calculations approached the problem using two different theoretical frameworks, the particle conservation
model or the impact ionization model, which are only valid in particular extreme conditions. In addition an ideal
absorber material with the approximation of parabolic bands has always been considered in the past. Such
assumptions give an overestimation of the efficiency limits and results can only be considered indicative. In this
report the real properties of wurtzite bulk InN absorber have been taken into account, including the actual dispersion
relation. A new hybrid model that considers particle balance and energy balance at the same time has been
implemented. Effects of actual impact ionization and Auger recombination lifetimes have been included in the
calculations for the first time, considering the real InN band structure and thermalisation rates. A maximum efficiency
of 43.6% has been found for 1000 suns, assuming thermalisation constants of 100 ps and ideal blackbody absorption.
Graphene Lattices with Embedded Transition-Metal Atoms and Tunable Magnetic Anisotropy Energy: Implications for Spintronic Devices
Creators: name: Langer, Rostislav
name: Mustonen, Kimmo
name: Markevich, Alexander
name: Otyepka, Michal
name: Susi, Toma
name: Błoński, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doping of the graphene lattice with transition metal atoms resulting in high magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) is an important goal of materials research owing to its potential application in spintronics. In this article, by using spin-polarized density functional theory including spin-orbit coupling, we examined magnetic properties of graphene with vacancy defects, both bare and nitrogen-decorated, and doped by Cr, Mn and Fe transition metal single atom (TM-SA) and two different TM atoms simultaneously. [...] The computational findings are supplemented by an atomic-resolution characterization of an incidental Mn impurity bonded to four carbon atoms, whose localized spin matches expectations as measured using core-level electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Conducting TM-doped graphene with robust magnetic features offers prospects for the design of graphene-based spintronic devices.
description: 31 + 61 pages, 5 + 81 figures
Effects of thermal, elastic, and surface properties on the stability of SiC polytypes
Creators: name: Ramakers, Senja
name: Marusczyk, Anika
name: Amsler, Maximilian
name: Eckl, Thomas
name: Mrovec, Matous
name: Hammerschmidt, Thomas
name: Drautz, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SiC polytypes have been studied for decades, both experimentally and with atomistic simulations, yet no consensus has been reached on the factors that determine their stability and growth. Proposed governing factors are temperature-dependent differences in the bulk energy, biaxial strain induced through point defects, and surface properties. In this work, we investigate the thermodynamic stability of the 3C, 2H, 4H, and 6H polytypes with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The small differences of the bulk energies between the polytypes can lead to intricate changes in their energetic ordering depending on the computational method. Therefore, we employ and compare various DFT-codes: VASP, CP2K, and FHI-aims; exchange-correlation functionals: LDA, PBE, PBEsol, PW91, HSE06, SCAN, and RTPSS; and nine different van der Waals (vdW) corrections. At $T=0$~K, 4H-SiC is marginally more stable than 3C-SiC, and the stability further increases with temperature by including entropic effects from lattice vibrations. Neither the most advanced vdW corrections nor strain on the lattice have a significant effect on the relative polytype stability. We further investigate the energies of the (0001) polytype surfaces that are commonly exposed during epitaxial growth. For Si-terminated surfaces, we find 3C-SiC to be significantly more stable than 4H-SiC. We conclude that the difference in surface energy is likely the driving force for 3C-nucleation, whereas the difference in the bulk thermodynamic stability slightly favors the 4H and 6H polytypes. In order to describe the polytype stability during crystal growth correctly, it is thus crucial to take into account both of these effects.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
Free core nutation: new large disturbance and connection evidence with geomagnetic jerks
Creators: name: Malkin, Zinovy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variations in free core nutation (FCN) are connected with various processes in the Earth's fluid core and core-mantle coupling, which are also largely responsible for the geomagnetic field variations, particularly the geomagnetic jerks (GMJs). A previous study (Malkin, 2013) revealed that the epochs of the observed extremes in the FCN amplitude and phase variations are close to the GMJ epochs. In this paper, a new evidence of this connection was found. The large FCN amplitude and phase disturbance occurred at the epoch close to the newly revealed GMJ 2011. This event occurred to be the second large change in the FCN amplitude and phase after the 1999 disturbance that is also associated with the GMJ 1999. Moreover, the long-time FCN phase drift had changed suddenly in 1998--1999, immediately before the GMJ 1999, and seemed to change again at the epoch immediately preceding the GMJ 2011. The FCN amplitude showed a general long-time decrease before GMJ 1999, and it subsequently grew until GMJ 2011, and then seemed to decrease again. A smaller FCN change can be observed at the epoch around 2013, which is also suspected as the GMJ epoch. The latter confirms the suggestion that a rapid change in the FCN amplitude and/or phase can be used as an evidence of the GMJ that is not clearly detected from the geomagnetic observations.
Controllable Protein Design with Language Models
Creators: name: Ferruz, Noelia
name: Höcker, Birte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The 21st century is presenting humankind with unprecedented environmental and medical challenges. The ability to design novel proteins tailored for specific purposes could transform our ability to respond timely to these issues. Recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence are now setting the stage to make this goal achievable. Protein sequences are inherently similar to natural languages: Amino acids arrange in a multitude of combinations to form structures that carry function, the same way as letters form words and sentences that carry meaning. Therefore, it is not surprising that throughout the history of Natural Language Processing (NLP), many of its techniques have been applied to protein research problems. In the last few years, we have witnessed revolutionary breakthroughs in the field of NLP. The implementation of Transformer pre-trained models has enabled text generation with human-like capabilities, including texts with specific properties such as style or subject. Motivated by its considerable success in NLP tasks, we expect dedicated Transformers to dominate custom protein sequence generation in the near future. Finetuning pre-trained models on protein families will enable the extension of their repertoires with novel sequences that could be highly divergent but still potentially functional. The combination of control tags such as cellular compartment or function will further enable the controllable design of novel protein functions. Moreover, recent model interpretability methods will allow us to open the 'black box' and thus enhance our understanding of folding principles. While early initiatives show the enormous potential of generative language models to design functional sequences, the field is still in its infancy. We believe that protein language models are a promising and largely unexplored field and discuss their foreseeable impact on protein design.
description: This is a version before peer-review. A view-only, peer-reviewed, published version can be found here: https://rdcu.be/cQbmH. The peer-reviewed version is under embargo at Nat Mach Intell until 12/2022
Development of High-Efficiency CIGS Solar Cells and Submodules by Multi-Stage Evaporation
Creators: name: Niki, S.
name: Ishizuka, S.
name: Komaki, H.
name: Kamikawa-Shimizu, Y.
name: Furue, S.
name: Choi, S.W.
name: Matsubara, K.
name: Shibata, H.
name: Yamada, A.
name: Nakanishi, H.
name: Terada, N.
name: Sakurai, T.
name: Akimoto, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2846-2848
description: High-efficiency CIGS solar cells and submodules have been developed at AIST. In ordr to fill the
efficiency gap between small-area cells and commercial modules, we have applied the multi-stage evaporation
techniqe to improve the performance of monolithically integrated CIGS submodules. The conversion efficiencies of
integrated submodules on 10x10cm2 sodalime glass substrates have been improved up to =16.6%. Similar
techniqes have been also used to fabricate the monolithically integrated flexible CIGS submodules. Highefficiencies
of as high as =15.9% with an aperture area of 75.7 cm2 have been demoinstrated on flexible ceramics
substrates. These results indicate that the CIGS technologies are competitive with the current Si and CdTe
technologies in terms of both cost and performance.
Tracker Accuracy: Field Experience and Correlation with Meteorological Conditions
Creators: name: Davis, M.
name: Stafford, B.
name: Martínez, M.
name: Sánchez, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 770-773
description: Tracker performance is a significant factor in the energy production of photovoltaic systems,
especially concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems, but reported accuracies are often theoretical or not true
accuracies but the resolution of an encoder or algorithm. In addition, the nonlinear relationship between CPV optic
pointing accuracy and energy production means that simple specifications such as average tracker accuracy are not
sufficient for predicting performance of these systems. Finally, trackers are currently a significant component of
system cost. Understanding the tracking errors (as well as which types of errors have a less significant impact on
energy production) is an important step in designing lower-cost tracking systems. In this paper we present a method
of tracker characterization, a way of weighting which tracking errors are most important, and a collection of realworld
accuracy data measured on a range of trackers.
The Analysis of the Photovoltaic Module Production Efficiency at Different Integration Levels of the Technological Chain
Creators: name: Karabanov, S.M.
name: Suvorov, D.V.
name: Gordienko, G.V.
name: Kazakova, N.V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Deployment
Enablers for PV Development and Benefits of PV

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4543-4545
description: The purpose of the work is the analysis of economic characteristics (first cost and profit share) of PV
module production at different integration levels of the technological chain. The advantages of vertical integration have
been analyzed. On the basis of the obtained data the forecast for the opportunity of solar electricity cost reduction has
been carried out.
Consumer Fairness in Recommender Systems: Contextualizing Definitions and Mitigations
Creators: name: Boratto, Ludovico
name: Fenu, Gianni
name: Marras, Mirko
name: Medda, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Enabling non-discrimination for end-users of recommender systems by introducing consumer fairness is a key problem, widely studied in both academia and industry. Current research has led to a variety of notions, metrics, and unfairness mitigation procedures. The evaluation of each procedure has been heterogeneous and limited to a mere comparison with models not accounting for fairness. It is hence hard to contextualize the impact of each mitigation procedure w.r.t. the others. In this paper, we conduct a systematic analysis of mitigation procedures against consumer unfairness in rating prediction and top-n recommendation tasks. To this end, we collected 15 procedures proposed in recent top-tier conferences and journals. Only 8 of them could be reproduced. Under a common evaluation protocol, based on two public data sets, we then studied the extent to which recommendation utility and consumer fairness are impacted by these procedures, the interplay between two primary fairness notions based on equity and independence, and the demographic groups harmed by the disparate impact. Our study finally highlights open challenges and future directions in this field. The source code is available at https://github.com/jackmedda/C-Fairness-RecSys.
description: Accepted at the 44th European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2022)