cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of Seeding Density and Extracellular Matrix on Bile Acid Transport and Mrp4 Expression in Sandwich-Cultured Mouse Hepatocytes
Creators: name: Brouwer, Kim L. R.
name: Swift, Brandon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This study was undertaken to examine the influence of seeding density, extracellular matrix and days in culture on bile acid transport proteins and hepatobiliary disposition of the model bile acid taurocholate. Mouse hepatocytes were cultured in a sandwich configuration on six-well Biocoat™ plates with an overlay of Matigel™ (BC/MG) or gelled-collagen (BC/GC) for 3 or 4 days at seeding densities of 1.0, 1.25 or 1.5 × 106 cells/well. The lower seeding densities of 1.0 and 1.25 × 106 cells/well resulted in good hepatocyte morphology and bile canalicular network formation, as visualized by 5- (and 6)-carboxy-2′,7′dichlorofluorescein accumulation. In general, taurocholate cellular accumulation tended to increase as a function of seeding density in BC/GC; cellular accumulation was significantly increased in hepatocytes cultured in BC/MG compared to BC/GC at the same seeding density on both days 3 and 4 of culture. In general, in vitro intrinsic biliary clearance of taurocholate was increased at higher seeding densities. Levels of bile acid transport proteins on days 3 and 4 were not markedly influenced by seeding density or extracellular matrix except for multidrug resistance protein 4 (Mrp4), which was inversely related to seeding density. Mrp4 levels decreased ~2- to 3-fold between seeding densities of 1.0 × 106 and 1.25 × 106 cells/well regardless of extracellular matrix; an additional ~3- to 5-fold decrease in Mrp4 protein was noted in BC/GC between seeding densities of 1.25 × 106 and 1.5 × 106 cells/well. Results suggest that seeding density, extracellular matrix and days in culture profoundly influence Mrp4 expression in sandwich-cultured mouse hepatocytes. Primary mouse hepatocytes seeded in a BC/MG configuration at densities of 1.25 × 106 cells/well or below, and cultured for 3 days, yielded optimal transport based on the probes studied. This work demonstrates the applicability of the sandwich-cultured model to mouse hepatocytes.
Freshwater fish of northeast Tasmania with notes on the dwarf galaxias
Creators: name: Chilcott, Stuart J
name: Humphries, Paul
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

Northeast Tasmania has 18 species of freshwater fish, of which 15 are native and three are introduced. No species are endemic to the region. Most of the freshwater fishes are diadromous and have a Tasmania-wide distribution, with only three species restricted entirely to freshwater. The most notable feature of the regional fish fauna is the occurrence of the dwarf galaxias, Galaxiella pusilla. On mainland Tasmania the Northeast represents the stronghold for this diminutive species, which has a conservation status of ‘rare’ in Tasmania. There are recreational fisheries for whitebait and salmonids as well as a commercial eel fishery in the Northeast. The biogeograpahical origins of, threats to and conservation status of the dwarf galaxias in Tasmania are discussed.
Nitric Oxide-Releasing Silica Nanoparticle Inhibition of Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth
Creators: name: Schoenfisch, Mark H.
name: Stevens, Ellen V.
name: Shin, Jae Ho
name: Liu, Jinsong
name: Der, Channing J.
name: Carpenter, Alexis W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Although the potent anti-tumor activity of nitric oxide (NO) supports its promise as an anti-neoplastic agent, effective and selective delivery and action on tumor and not normal cells remains a limiting factor. Nanoparticle-based delivery of NO has been considered as one approach to overcome these limitations. Therefore, we determined the utility of NO delivery using silica nanoparticles and evaluated their anti-tumor efficacy against human ovarian tumor and nontumor cells. The NO-releasing nanoparticles exhibited enhanced growth inhibition of ovarian tumor cells when compared to both control nanoparticles and a previously reported small molecule NO donor, PYRRO/NO. In addition, the NO-releasing nanoparticles showed greater inhibition of the anchorage-independent growth of tumor-derived and Ras-transformed ovarian cells. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that fluorescently-labeled NO-releasing nanoparticles entered the cytosol of the cell and localized to late endosomes and lysosomes. Furthermore, we observed a nanoparticle size dependency on efficacy against normal versus transformed ovarian cells. Our study provides the first application of nanoparticle-derived NO as an antitumor therapy and supports the merit for future studies examining nanoparticle formulation for in vivo applications.
Escape from crossover interference increases with maternal age
Creators: name: Campbell, Christopher L.
name: Furlotte, Nicholas A.
name: Eriksson, Nick
name: Hinds, David
name: Auton, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recombination plays a fundamental role in meiosis, ensuring the proper segregation of chromosomes and contributing to genetic diversity by generating novel combinations of alleles. Using data derived from directUtoUconsumer genetic testing, we investigated patterns of recombination in over 4,200 families. Our analysis revealed a number of sex differences in the distribution of recombination. We find the fraction of male events occurring within hotspots to be 4.6% higher than for females. We confirm that the recombination rate increases with maternal age, while hotspot usage decreases, with no such effects observed in males. Finally, we show that the placement of female recombination events becomes increasingly deregulated with maternal age, with an increasing fraction of events appearing to escape crossover interference.
description: 47 pages, 18 figures
Structural and biophysical investigations toward engineering a protein subunit vaccine for human metapneumovirus
Creators: name: Rush, Scott Alan
name: 0000-0002-9601-5068
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Vaccine design
Human metapneumovirus
Neutralizing antibodies

description: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an enveloped negative-sense RNA virus in the family Pneumoviridae. Although identified in 2001, it has been circulating for at least 60 years and is now recognized as a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children and the elderly. It is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects nearly all children by the age of 5, but children younger than 12 months old are at an increased risk of developing more severe disease such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Despite this early viral exposure, reinfections are common throughout life. In subsequent infections, the symptoms experienced by healthy adults will typically consist of mild upper respiratory distress. However, hMPV infections can lead to higher rates of morbidity and mortality among the elderly, especially those with comorbidities. Currently, no therapeutics or vaccines have been approved by regulatory agencies for the treatment of human metapneumovirus. Therefore, the work in this dissertation aims to provide not only potential vaccine and therapeutic candidates, but also reagents that may be beneficial to the human metapneumovirus field. The first chapter sets out to establish the significance of acute lower respiratory tract infections and their contribution to the global burden of disease. A brief history of hMPV is then covered before delving into a general description of the virus’ molecular biology. The second chapter explores the use of structure-based vaccine antigen design to engineer a human metapneumovirus protein subunit vaccine antigen. The previously described prefusion hMPV F structure is used as a guide to design mutations that are expected to decrease the propensity of the protein to undergo conformational change. Biophysical and structural characterization of the introduced mutations are used to evaluate their success. Combination of individual stabilizing mutations proved to be beneficial, and a combinatorial construct was chosen for mouse immunizations in order to evaluate the immunogenicity of the antigen. The third chapter builds upon Chapter 2 through use of stabilized hMPV F to characterize the antibody repertoire from naturally infected elderly donors. Detailed mapping of hMPV F antigenic sites is achieved through evaluating binding competition with previously characterized antibodies, and structural techniques further identified four antigenic sites that were unable to be placed by the competition binding assay. Through stabilization of prefusion hMPV F in Chapter 2 and antibody isolation in Chapter 3, this work helps move us toward a vaccine and therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of human metapneumovirus.
Towards an N-body Model for the Globular Cluster M4
Creators: name: Heggie, Douglas C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes an N-body model for the dynamical evolution of the nearby globular cluster M4. The initial conditions, with N = 484710 particles, were generated from a published study of this cluster with a Monte Carlo code. With the Monte Carlo code, these initial conditions led, after 12 Gyr of dynamical and stellar evolution, to a model which resembles M4 in terms of its surface brightness and velocity dispersion profiles, and its local luminosity function. Though the N-body model reported here is marred by some errors, its evolution can be compared with that of the published Monte Carlo model, with a result from the synthetic evolution code EMACSS, and with M4 itself.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures; MNRAS, in press
The Stereotypes About Childfree Adults (SAChA) Scale
Creators: name: Neal, Jennifer Watling
name: Neal, Zachary P.
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: measurement
subject: scale development
subject: childfree

description: Using data from a representative sample of Michigan adults, this study will directly replicate prior exploratory analyses developing the Stereotypes About Childfree Adults (SAChA) Scale described in: Neal, J. W. and Neal, Z. P. (19 July 2022) The Stereotypes About Childfree Adults (SAChA) Scale: Development, Validation, and Demographic Correlates. PsyArXiv. https://psyarxiv.com/8u2mp/
Modification of the Shower Database of the IAU Meteor Data Center
Creators: name: Hajdukova, M.
name: Rudawska, R.
name: Jopek, T. J.
name: Koseki, M.
name: Kokhirova, G.
name: Neslusan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Shower Database (SD) of the Meteor Data Center (MDC) has been operating for 15 years and is used by the entire community of meteor astronomers. It contains meteor showers categorised in individual lists on the basis of their status. Since the inception of the SD, no objective rules for moving showers between individual lists have been established. The content of the SD has not yet been checked for the correctness of the meteor data contained therein. Our aims are (1) to formulate criteria for nominating meteor showers for established status, (2) to improve the rules for the removal of showers, (3) to verify and enhance the content of the SD, and (4) to improve the user area of the MDC SD. The criteria for moving showers from the Working list to the Lists of established or removed Showers were generated using an empirical evaluation of their impact on the registered showers. The correctness of the parameters of each stream included in the SD was checked by comparing them with the values given in the source publications. We developed a set of criteria for nominating showers to be established. We objectified rules for the temporary and permanent removal of meteor showers from the Working list. Both of our proposed new procedures were approved by a vote of the commission F1 of the IAU in July 2022. We verified more than $1350$ data records of the MDC SD and introduced $\sim$1700 corrections. We included new parameters for shower characterisation. As a result of our verification procedure, 117 showers have been moved to the List of removed showers. As of October 2022, the SD contains 923 showers, 110 of which are in the List of established Showers and 813 are in the Working list. We also improved the user area of the SD and added a simple tool to allow a quick check of the similarity of a new shower to those in the database.
Paclitaxel Nanocrystals for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Huang, Leaf
name: Liu, Feng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Here we described a paclitaxel (PTX) nanocrystals formulation using D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as the sole excipient for overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR), a key challenge in current cancer therapy. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on PTX nanocrystals which can reverse MDR. TPGS serves as a surfactant to stabilize the nanocrystals and a P-gp inhibitor to reverse MDR. The size and morphology of the nanocrystals were studied by transmission electron microscopy and the crystalline structure was determined by powder X-ray diffraction. In vitro drug release profile showed that the nanocrystals exhibited sustained release kinetics compared to Taxol which is the clinical paclitaxel formulation. The cytotoxicity and antitumor efficacy in xenograft models were also investigated. It is demonstrated that PTX/TPGS nanocrystals have significant advantages over Taxol in achieving better therapeutic effect in Taxol-resistant cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, which was also confirmed by apoptosis assays. We envision that further development of this type of nanocrystals will provide a novel strategy for drug delivery and multidrug resistance treatment.
Effect of nuclear motion on high-order harmonic generation of H$_2^+$ in intense ultrashort laser pulses
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Hamed
name: Maghari, Ali
name: Sabzyan, Hassan
name: Niknam, Ali Reza
name: Vafaee, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-order harmonic generation is investigated for H$_2^+$ and D$_2^+$ with and without Born-Oppenheimer approximation by numerical solution of full dimensional electronic time-dependent Schrödinger equation under 4-cycle intense laser pulses of 800 nm wavelength and $I$=4, 5, 7, 10 $\times 10^{14}$ W$/$cm$^2$ intensities. For most harmonic orders, the intensity obtained for D$_2^+$ is higher than that for H$_2^+$, and the yield difference increases as the harmonic order increases. Only at some low harmonic orders, H$_2^+$ generates more intense harmonics compared to D$_2^+$. The results show that nuclear motion, ionization probability and system dimensionality must be simultaneously taken into account to properly explain the isotopic effects on high-order harmonic generation and to justify experimental observations.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Grazing by a river zooplankton community: importance of microzooplankton
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tsuyoshi
name: Gibbs, Philip
name: Dixon, Patricia
name: Shiel, Russell J
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

Grazing rates by a zooplankton community were measured in situ by a radiotracer cellmethod at depths of 1 m and 4 m at the upper tidal freshwater portion of a regulated river over a year.The objectives were to evaluate the likely grazing impact on the river phytoplankton community and toproduce predictive models by regressing the measured grazing rates against zooplankton biomass,temperature and food concentrations (represented by chlorophyll a). Grazing attained rates (overallaverage 0.2 day-', range 0.01-0.59 day-', expressed as instantaneous mortality rates of algal cells)comparable to those reported for lentic zooplankton communities. The measured community grazingrates were predictable largely as a function of total biomass or rotifer biomass and surface temperaturefor 1 m depth, and as a function of total biomass or juvenile copepod biomass and surface temperaturefor 4 m depth, with all-positive regression coefficients in the models. Owing to the predominance ofmicrozooplankton in the river, the impact of zooplankton community grazing appears likely to be linkedto a small-size fraction of the phytoplankton community all year. Management strategies for river waterquality may need to take account of possible functional demarcation of grazing by river zooplankton.
Synergy of Nitric Oxide and Silver Sulfadiazine against Gram-Negative, Gram-Positive, and Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens
Creators: name: Deupree, Susan M.
name: Coneski, Peter N.
name: Rao, Kavitha S.
name: Schoenfisch, Mark H.
name: Johnson, C. Bryce
name: Privett, Benjamin J.
name: Backlund, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The synergistic activity between nitric oxide (NO) released from diazeniumdiolate-modified proline (PROLI/NO) and silver (I) sulfadiazine (AgSD) was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis using a modified broth microdilution technique and a checkerboard-type assay. The combination of NO and AgSD was defined as synergistic when the fractional bactericidal concentration (FBC) was calculated to be <0.5 Gram-negative species were generally more susceptible to the individual antimicrobial agents than the Gram-positive bacteria. The in vitro synergistic activity of AgSD and NO observed against a range of pathogens strongly supports future investigation of this therapeutic combination, particularly for its potential use in the treatment of chronic and burn wounds.
Magnetic impurities on superconducting Pb surfaces
Creators: name: Wu, Ming-Hung
name: Thill, Emma
name: Crosbie, Jacob
name: Saunderson, Tom G.
name: Gradhand, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been predicted theoretically and found experimentally that magnetic impurities induce localized bound states within the superconducting energy gap, called Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states. Combining symmetry analysis with experimental findings provides a convincing argument for the energy splitting and distribution of the YSR peaks, but the full details of the electronic structure remain elusive and simple models with point scatterers lack the full orbital complexity required to meet this challenge. In this work we combine a Greens function based first-principles method, which incorporates a phenomenological parameterization of the superconducting state, with orbitally complex impurity potentials to make material-specific predictions of realistic systems. We study the effect of 3d transition elements on the superconducting energy gap of a Pb (001) surface. Not only do we find a good agreement with experiment, we also show that the energetic position, strength and orbital composition of the YSR states depend strongly on the chemical makeup of the impurity and its position with respect to the surface. Such quantitative results cannot be derived from simplified models but require full material specific calculations.
An introduction to algebraic observer design and advanced identification methods
Creators: name: Noack, Matti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Modulating Functions
Adaptive observers
Parameter estimation
MIMO identification

description: The presentation focuses on the usage of the Modulating Function Method for advanced parameter estimation tasks. After a introduction to the general methodology, some insight on algebraic state estimation is provided. The central parts deals with identification algorithms, their conditions (PoE) as well as their extension to the MIMO case. These methods include signal adaptive conditioning, extended RLS methods, the Gramian approach, Mixing, signal model construction as well as the equation error method with its resulting eigenvalue problem. Ultimately, adaptive observer architectures are presented combining state and parameter estimation.
Fuel Scarcity, Strikes, and Security: A Transatlantic Energy History
Creators: name: Drayson, Geneva
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: World War II
subject: petrol
subject: coal
subject: food storage
subject: aga stove
subject: energy scarcity
subject: 1970s miner strikes
subject: civil defense
subject: war intelligence

description: Jeremy and Sally Drayson, interviewed by Geneva, offer a rich narrative spanning their experiences and insights into energy history. Jeremy, born in the UK and later spending significant time in Washington, D.C., during the 1950s to 1970s, recounts his upbringing amidst World War II, including living near coastal defenses and the impact of wartime scarcity on fuel and electricity. Sally, originally from Indianapolis and later moving to the UK in the early 1970s, discusses her experiences with coal and oil shortages during miner strikes, notably impacting daily life and businesses like pubs. Her work in the Pentagon during the Cold War focused on analyzing civilian aircraft threats, showcasing the evolving role of intelligence in national security during that era. Their accounts vividly illustrate the social and geopolitical dynamics shaping energy policies and everyday life across both sides of the Atlantic.
The Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment: A Challenge in Cancer Immunotherapy
Creators: name: Vasievich, Elizabeth A.
name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In this review, we introduce the changing public perception of vaccines and immunotherapy in cancer treatments. We discuss the roles that different immunosuppressive cells play in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes are discussed in depth. Additionally, the role that myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) play in the tumor microenvironment is addressed. Highlighted are examples of therapies used against each suppressive cell type, which vary from the hypothetical to the ineffective; the inefficient to the successful. A variety of treatments have been tried to combat this fundamental problem, indeed the cause that allows cancerous mutated cells to survive, multiply and overtake the body. Efficient methods to disable each particular suppressive type of cell have been introduced; this review summarizes the discussion with a table to guide future development. We see gene therapy as the most innovative and flexible method to lead the charge to specifically modifying the tumor microenvironment.
Time dependent non-Abelian waves and their stochastic regimes for gauge fields coupled to external sources
Creators: name: Shreecharan, T.
name: Raju, Thokala Soloman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explore explicit exact solutions of the $SU(2)$ Yang-Mills (YM) and Yang-Mill-Higgs (YMH) equations with homogeneous and inhomogeneous external sources. Whereas in the case of YM we have confirmed our analytical findings with the numerical simulations, the numerical corroborations in the YMH case yielded the stochastic character of motion for the ensuing fields.
description: 6 pages 16 Figures
Divide and Conquer: Partitioning OSPF networks with SDN
Creators: name: Caria, Marcel
name: Das, Tamal
name: Jukan, Admela
name: Hoffmann, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network control paradigm focused on logical centralization and programmability. At the same time, distributed routing protocols, most notably OSPF and IS-IS, are still prevalent in IP networks, as they provide shortest path routing, fast topological convergence after network failures, and, perhaps most importantly, the confidence based on decades of reliable operation. Therefore, a hybrid SDN/OSPF operation remains a desirable proposition. In this paper, we propose a new method of hybrid SDN/OSPF operation. Our method is different from other hybrid approaches, as it uses SDN nodes to partition an OSPF domain into sub-domains thereby achieving the traffic engineering capabilities comparable to full SDN operation. We place SDN-enabled routers as sub-domain border nodes, while the operation of the OSPF protocol continues unaffected. In this way, the SDN controller can tune routing protocol updates for traffic engineering purposes before they are flooded into sub-domains. While local routing inside sub-domains remains stable at all times, inter-sub-domain routes can be optimized by determining the routes in each traversed sub-domain. As the majority of traffic in non-trivial topologies has to traverse multiple sub-domains, our simulation results confirm that a few SDN nodes allow traffic engineering up to a degree that renders full SDN deployment unnecessary.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Economic analysis of different dairy production systems in Ghana and Senegal: an application of typical farm approach
Creators: name: Gunarathne, Anoma
name: Almadani, Mohamad Isam
name: Behrendt, Lena
name: Chibanda, Craig
name: Deblitz, Claus
name: Gunarathne, Anoma
name: Almadani, Mohamad Isam
name: Behrendt, Lena
name: Chibanda, Craig
name: Deblitz, Claus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Dairy production systems
subject: Typical farm approach
subject: Economics
subject: Ghana

description: Ghana has been experiencing a significant increase in the demand for dairy products due to rising incomes, population growth, urbanization, and changes in dietary choices. However, due to the low domestic milk production capacity, Ghana relies heavily on imports to meet local demand. This study aimed to identify and characterize prevailing dairy production systems in Ghana; and measure and compare their costs and returns using the TIPI-CAL model (Technology Impact, Policy Impact Calculation model). Three typical farms were selected from each production system: confined-cut and carry (GH-03), agro-pastoral (GH-35), and pastoral production systems (GH-27). The cost of milk production for GH-03, GH-35, and GH-27 was €58.48/100kg Energy Corrected Milk (ECM), €49.05/100kg ECM, and €39.51/100kg ECM, respectively. All three farms had a positive entrepreneur's profit and covered their full economic cost from dairying in the short, medium, and long terms. However, the GH-27 was economically unviable in the long term for finished cattle because of the high opportunity cost of labor. Nonetheless, the market had a low absorption capacity for surplus milk mainly due to the lack of infrastructure and cooling facilities. Other issues such as low milk yield, shortage of forage, lack of artificial insemination, and the lack of organized marketing facilities were the major constraints faced by dairy farmers in Ghana.
Evidence for Hidden Nearby Companions to Hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Wu, Dong-Hong
name: Rice, Malena
name: Wang, Songhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first discovered extrasolar worlds -- giant, ``hot Jupiter'' planets on short-period orbits -- came as a surprise to solar-system-centric models of planet formation, prompting the development of new theories for planetary system evolution. The near-absence of observed nearby planetary companions to hot Jupiters has been widely quoted as evidence in support of high-eccentricity tidal migration: a framework in which hot Jupiters form further out in their natal protoplanetary disks before being thrown inward with extremely high eccentricities, stripping systems of any close-in planetary companions. In this work, we present new results from a search for transit timing variations across the full four-year Kepler dataset, demonstrating that at least $12\pm6\%$ of hot Jupiters have a nearby planetary companion. This subset of hot Jupiters is expected to have a quiescent dynamical history such that the systems could retain their nearby companions. We also demonstrate a ubiquity of nearby planetary companions to warm Jupiters ($\geq70\pm{16}\%$), indicating that warm Jupiters typically form quiescently. We conclude by combining our results with existing observational constraints to propose an ``eccentric migration'' framework for the formation of short-period giant planets through post-disk dynamical sculpting in compact multi-planet systems. Our framework suggests that hot Jupiters constitute the natural end stage for giant planets spanning a wide range of eccentricities, with orbits that reach small enough periapses -- either from their final orbital configurations in the disk phase, or from eccentricity excitation in the post-disk phase -- to trigger efficient tidal circularization.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
In Situ Properties of Small and Large Flux Ropes in the Solar Wind
Creators: name: Janvier, M.
name: Demoulin, P.
name: Dasso, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two populations of twisted magnetic field tubes, or flux ropes (hereafter, FRs), are detected by in situ measurements in the solar wind. While small FRs are crossed by the observing spacecraft within few hours, with a radius typically less than 0.1AU, larger FRs, or magnetic clouds (hereafter, MCs), have durations of about half a day. The main aim of this study is to compare the properties of both populations of FRs observed by the Wind spacecraft at 1 AU. To do so, we use standard correlation techniques for the FR parameters, as well as histograms and more refined statistical methods. Although several properties seem at first different for small FRs and MCs, we show that they are actually governed by the same propagation physics. For example, we observe no in situ signatures of expansion for small FRs, contrary to MCs. We demonstrate that this result is in fact expected: small FRs expand similarly to MCs, as a consequence of a total pressure balance with the surrounding medium, but the expansion signature is well hidden by velocity fluctuations. Next, we find that the FR radius, velocity and magnetic field strength are all positively correlated, with correlation factors than can reach a value >0.5. This result indicates a remnant trace of the FR ejection process from the corona. We also find a larger FR radius at the apex than at the legs (up to three times larger at the apex), for FR observed at 1 AU. Finally, assuming that the detected FRs have a large-scale configuration in the heliosphere, we derived the mean axis shape from the probability distribution of the axis orientation. We therefore interpret the small FR and MC properties in a common framework of FRs interacting with the solar wind, and we disentangle the physics present behind their common and different features.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, Accepted in JGR
Joseph Fahey on Falmouth’s Tourist Economy and Coastal Life
Creators: name: Fahey, Owen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: class differences
subject: tourism economy
subject: food supply
subject: transportation
subject: ferries
subject: coastal town
subject: 1970s energy crisis

description: In this interview, Joseph Fahey reflects on growing up in Woods Hole, MA, during the 1970s, highlighting the stark contrasts between locals and wealthy summer tourists. His family, originally from the Boston suburbs, settled in Falmouth due to financial difficulties, experiencing a town defined by its coastal geography, seasonal economy, and class divisions. Fahey describes the challenges of limited food quality, noting his mother’s reliance on clamming and canned goods during the offseason. He recalls long gas lines during the oil crises and the gentrification of the village over time. Falmouth, once a whaling town, had become increasingly dependent on tourism, which raised property values. Additionally, the community grappled with drug addiction, class tensions, and a seasonal ebb and flow of residents, from "townies" to vacationers.
Human population growth and over-utilization of the biotic resources of the Murray-Darling River system, Australia
Creators: name: Shiel, Russell J
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

Imbalances in aquatic ecosystems of the Murray-Darling Basin reflect 180 years of inappropriate land use practices. Regulation of most rivers in the Basin has reduced frequency or duration of inundation of floodplains, with profound effects on a species-rich, highly specialized aquatic biota. Exotic introductions (e.g. trout, carp) have further modified aquatic ecosystems. Floodplain billabongs (= ox-bow lakes) are critical to maintenance of floodplain biodiversity, yet with isolation of floodplains from the parent rivers, billabongs are being lost or severely degraded. Consideration is given to the apparent carrying-capacity of the Basin, the present over-commitment of its most valuable resource, water, and the prospects for amelioration in view of present conflicting land use and water abstraction requirements.
Phase-slips and vortex dynamics in Josephson oscillations between Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Abad, Marta
name: Guilleumas, Muntsa
name: Mayol, Ricardo
name: Piazza, Francesco
name: Jezek, Dora M.
name: Smerzi, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relation between Josephson dynamics and topological excitations in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a double-well trap. We show that the phase slips responsible for the self-trapping regime are created by vortex rings entering and annihilating inside the weak-link region or created at the center of the barrier and expanding outside the system. Large amplitude oscillations just before the onset of self-trapping are also strictly connected with the dynamics of vortex rings at the edges of the inter-well barrier. Our results extend and analyze the dynamics of the vortex-induced phase slippages suggested a few decades ago in relation to the "ac" Josephson effect of superconducting and superfluid helium systems.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Long-range beam-beam experiments in the relativistic heavy ion collider
Creators: name: Calaga, R.
name: Fischer, W.
name: Milas, N.
name: Robert-Demolaize, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-range beam-beam effects are a potential limit to the LHC performance with the nominal design parameters, and certain upgrade scenarios under discussion. To mitigate long-range effects, current carrying wires parallel to the beam were proposed and space is reserved in the LHC for such wires. Two current carrying wires were installed in RHIC to study the effect of strong long-range beam-beam effects in a collider, as well as test the compensation of a single long-range interaction. The experimental data were used to benchmark simulations. We summarize this work.
description: 12 pages, contribution to the ICFA Mini-Workshop on Beam-Beam Effects in Hadron Colliders, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 18-22 Mar 2013
Study of The Extraction Method for Chloramphenicol Residues in Chicken Samples by Solid-phase Extraction and Solvent Extraction
Creators: name: Supawadee Daodee
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2006
Subjects: Chloramphenicol, Solid-phase extraction, Liquid extraction, Chicken

description: Isan Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences, 2, 2, 76-86
Unusual Hard X-ray Flares Caught in NICER Monitoring of the Binary Supermassive Black Hole Candidate AT2019cuk/Tick Tock/SDSS J1430+2303
Creators: name: Masterson, Megan
name: Kara, Erin
name: Pasham, Dheeraj R.
name: D'Orazio, Daniel J.
name: Walton, Dominic J.
name: Fabian, Andrew C.
name: Lucchini, Matteo
name: Remillard, Ronald A.
name: Arzoumanian, Zaven
name: Burkhonov, Otabek
name: Choi, Hyeonho
name: Ehgamberdiev, Shuhrat A.
name: Ferrara, Elizabeth C.
name: Guolo, Muryel
name: Im, Myungshin
name: Kim, Yonggi
name: Mirzaqulov, Davron
name: Paek, Gregory S. H.
name: Sung, Hyun-il
name: Yoon, Joh-Na
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear transient AT2019cuk/Tick Tock/SDSS J1430+2303 has been suggested to harbor a supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary near coalescence. We report results from high-cadence NICER X-ray monitoring with multiple visits per day from January-August 2022, as well as continued optical monitoring during the same time period. We find no evidence of periodic/quasi-periodic modulation in the X-ray, UV, or optical bands, however we do observe exotic hard X-ray variability that is unusual for a typical AGN. The most striking feature of the NICER light curve is repetitive hard (2-4 keV) X-ray flares that result in distinctly harder X-ray spectra compared to the non-flaring data. In its non-flaring state, AT2019cuk looks like a relatively standard AGN, but it presents the first case of day-long, hard X-ray flares in a changing-look AGN. We consider a few different models for the driving mechanism of these hard X-ray flares, including: (1) corona/jet variability driven by increased magnetic activity, (2) variable obscuration, and (3) self-lensing from the potential secondary SMBH. We prefer the variable corona model, as the obscuration model requires rather contrived timescales and the self-lensing model is difficult to reconcile with a lack of clear periodicity in the flares. These findings illustrate how important high-cadence X-ray monitoring is to our understanding of the rapid variability of the X-ray corona and necessitate further high-cadence, multi-wavelength monitoring of changing-look AGN like AT2019cuk to probe the corona-jet connection.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJL
Il nemico su tutti i fronti. Progettare un documentario tra valorizzazione del patrimonio, ricerca e divulgazione [poster]
Il nemico su tutti i fronti. Progettare un documentario tra valorizzazione del patrimonio, ricerca e divulgazione [poster]
Creators: name: Bolzon, Irene
name: Guadagnini, Remigio
Publisher: name: I. Bolzon, R. Guadagnini, "Il nemico su tutti i fronti. Progettare un documentario tra valorizzazione del patrimonio, ricerca e divulgazione", in Metti la storia al lavoro! Seconda conferenza italiana di Public History. Pisa, 11-15 giugno 2018
Year: 2025

description: “Il nemico su tutti i fronti” è un documentario in 10 puntate che affronta il tema della propaganda durante la Grande Guerra secondo una prospettiva di carattere europeo. Il progetto, finanziato dal Fondo per l’Audiovisivo del Friuli Venezia Giulia e messo in onda da Rai FVG, è stato realizzato da Altreforme e pubblicato in un DVD accompagnato da un quaderno didattico per le scuole superiori.
title: Study of the Heavy Fermion/Spin-Glass System, Ce1-x Gdx Al3, Using 155Gd Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Ruggiero, Nicholas G.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: The magnetic properties of Ce1-xGdx.Al3 have been studied using 155Gd Mossbauer spectroscopy. It has been shown that the magnetic moments of the host GdAl3 are constrained to the basal plane. The magnetic properties of GdAl3 can best be described in the framework of RKKY theory. Prior studies of Ce1-xGdxAl3, have revealed complex magnetic behavior throughout the series. As observed with Mossbauer spectroscopy magnetic ordering occurs for x ≥ 0.5, though not at the reported spin glass temperatures. For x = 0.23 and x = 0.18, the electronic properties measured are different than the higher concentration samples and this is attributed to an increased density of states at the Fermi level of non-s electrons.
Hydrolysis of an organic phosphorus compound by iron-oxide impregnated filter papers
Creators: name: Baldwin, Darren S
name: Beattie, James K
name: Jones, David R
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

Filter-papers impregnated with iron oxides (“iron-strips”) are increasingly being used to estimate “bioavailable” phosphorus. This study shows that these strips, in addition to being able to adsorb phosphate ions, can also mediate the hydrolysis of a model organic phosphorus compound. It is proposed that the high correlation between bioavailable phosphorus and iron-strip available phosphorus is due in part to the strips' hydrolytic capability.
Electroluminescence and multi-photon effects in a resonator driven by a tunnel junction
Creators: name: Jin, Jinshuang
name: Marthaler, Michael
name: Schön, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a transmission line resonator which is driven by electrons tunneling through a voltage-biased tunnel junction. Using the Born-Markovian quantum master equation in the polaron basis we investigate the nonequilibrium photon state and emission spectrum of the resonator as well as properties of the transport current across the tunnel junction and its noise spectrum. The electroluminescence is optimized, with maximum peak height and narrow linewidth, when the back-action of the tunnel junction on the resonator and the decay rate of the resonator are similar in strength. For strong coupling between the resonator and tunnel junction, multi-photon effects show up in the noise spectrum of the transport current.
Self-reporting Multidimensional Work Sampling of Pharmacists in Inpatient Care ActivitiesKhaoeong HospitalKalasin Province
Creators: name: Puttapol Yatpramot
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2006
Subjects: Multidimensional work sampling, Inpatient pharmacy activities in hospital

description: Isan Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences, 2, 2, 99-107
An Experimental Approach To Evaluate the Impact of Impaired Transport Function on Hepatobiliary Drug Disposition Using Mrp2-Deficient TR – Rat Sandwich-Cultured Hepatocytes in Combination with Bcrp Knockdown
Creators: name: Yang, Kyunghee
name: Hardwick, Rhiannon N.
name: Pfeifer, Nathan D.
name: Stewart, Paul W.
name: Yue, Wei
name: Brouwer, Kim L. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) are members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter family located in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes that mediate biliary excretion of many drugs and endogenous compounds. BCRP and MRP2 have overlapping substrate profiles. Predicting drug disposition in the setting of altered transport function has important clinical significance. This investigation was designed to establish an in vitro model system to evaluate the impact of impaired Mrp2 and Bcrp function on hepatobiliary drug disposition. To achieve Bcrp knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi), sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) from Mrp2-deficient (TR–) and wild-type (WT) rats were infected with adenoviral vectors to express shRNA targeting Bcrp (Ad-siBcrp) at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1–10. MOI of 5 was identified as optimal. At MOI of 5, viral infection as well as WT or TR– status was statistically significant predictors of the rosuvastatin (RSV) biliary excretion index (BEI), consistent with the known role of Bcrp and Mrp2 in the biliary excretion of RSV in vivo in rats. Relative to WT rat SCH, marginal mean BEI (%) of RSV in TR– rat SCH decreased by 28.6 (95% CI: 5.8–51.3). Ad-siBcrp decreased marginal mean BEI (%) of RSV by 13.3 (7.5–9.1) relative to SCH infected with adenoviral vectors expressing a nontargeting shRNA (Ad-siNT). The BEI of RSV was almost ablated in TR– rat SCH with Bcrp knockdown (5.9 ± 3.0%) compared to Ad-siNT-infected WT rat SCH (45.4 ± 6.6%). These results demonstrated the feasibility of Bcrp knockdown in TR– rat SCH as an in vitro system to assess the impact of impaired Bcrp and Mrp2 function. At MOI of 5, viral infection had minimal effects on RSV total accumulation, but significantly decreased marginal mean taurocholate total accumulation (pmol/mg of protein) and BEI (%) by 9.9 (7.0–12.8) and 7.5 (3.7–11.3), respectively, relative to noninfected SCH. These findings may be due to off-target effects on hepatic bile acid transporters, even though no changes in protein expression levels of the hepatic bile acid transporters were observed. This study established a strategy for optimization of the knockdown system, and demonstrated the potential use of RNAi in SCH as an in vitro tool to predict altered hepatobiliary drug disposition when canalicular transporters are impaired.
Navigating the Nuclear Landscape: Insights into Nuclear Fuel Design
Creators: name: Fang, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Three Mile Island
subject: Fukushima
subject: Chernobyl
subject: nuclear waste management
subject: nuclear power
subject: Westinghouse Electric Corporation
subject: geopolitics
subject: research & development

description: In this interview, Yixing Sung, a veteran nuclear engineer at Westinghouse Electric Corporation, discusses their career in nuclear fuel design, touching on key moments in the history of nuclear power. Born in China, Yixing came to the U.S. in the 1980s to study nuclear engineering during a time when the field's popularity waned due to incidents like the Three Mile Island accident. They describe their fascination with nuclear power’s efficiency despite public concerns, discussing the challenges of safety, cost, and nuclear waste. Yixing reflects on the impact of global nuclear disasters such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, noting how these events shaped public perception, research funding, and industry adaptation. Additionally, they highlight Westinghouse's role in the global nuclear landscape, particularly in Asia, and discuss the influence of geopolitics on nuclear energy development. Despite setbacks, Yixing remains committed to nuclear power as a solution for the world’s growing energy needs.
Fisher information, nonclassicality and quantum revivals
Creators: name: Romera, E.
name: Santos, F. de los
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave packet revivals and fractional revivals are studied by means of a measure of nonclassicality based on the Fisher information. In particular, we show that the spreading and the regeneration of initially Gaussian wave packets in a quantum bouncer and an in the infinite square-well correspond, respectively, to high and low nonclassicality values. This result is in accordance with the physical expectations that at a quantum revival wave packets almost recover their initial shape and the classical motion revives temporarily afterward.