cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Simultaneous targeting of HER family pro-survival signaling with Pan-HER antibody mixture is highly effective in TNBC: a preclinical trial with PDXs
Creators: name: Reddy, Tejaswini P.
name: Choi, Dong S.
name: Anselme, Ann C.
name: Qian, Wei
name: Chen, Wen
name: Lantto, Johan
name: Horak, Ivan D.
name: Kragh, Michael
name: Chang, Jenny C.
name: Rosato, Roberto R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Table 1. Description of the main characteristics of each PDX tumor line are presented including their triple negative (i.e. ER−, PR− and HER2−) status, and the positive expression of EGFR and HER3 in all of them, with the exception of BCM-4664, which was HER3−. Additional information includes, whenever available, TP53 mutations and PAM50 and Pietenpol subtype classification [20, 32–34]. Supplemental Tables 2-3. Sequence analysis of PI3KCA (exons 9 and 20) and EGFR (exons 18, 19, 20 and 21). DNA samples were extracted from all 15 untreated PDX models as described in Additional File Methods. Total DNA was used to perform specific PCR corresponding to PI3KCA (exons 9 and 20) and EGFR (exons 18, 19, 20 and 21). Sequences were analyzed using PI3KCA and EGFR exon sequences from NCBI (EGFR (NM_005228.5) and Multiple Sequence Comparison by Log-Expectation (MUSCLE) program. Supplemental Table 4. Genes included in the pathway-focused RT-PCR analysis corresponding to the human EGFR and NF-kappa B signaling pathways (RealTimePrimers, Elkins Park, PA).
Soil bioengineering techniques for riparian restoration
Creators: name: Polster, D. F.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Soil bioengineering is the use of living plant materials to perform some engineering function. Soil bioengineering techniques can be used to treat eroding banks, excess gravel and unstable slopes and can provide a finished product that treats the problem as well as providing appropriate riparian vegetation. The natural successional process associated with development of a healthy, functioning riparian vegetation cover is the model that is used to design repair systems that encourage restoration of riparian values. By providing a living, growing system for repair of damaged sites, possibly with wood and rock, the repair can contribute to living riparian area. Soil bioengineering systems have been used to treat a variety of degraded riparian areas. Live bank protection can be used to form defensive walls of vegetation along the eroding banks of rivers, streams and ponds. Live palisades can be used to re-establish riparian forests quickly. Live gravel bar staking can be used to treat areas where excessive gravel deposits from up-slope erosion threatens downstream channel morphology. Wattle fences, live pole drains, live smiles and a variety of other techniques can be used to treat bank instabilities. This paper presents descriptions of where soil bioengineering treatments have been used for riparian restoration. Examples are drawn from over twenty years of experience by the author. Paper presented at "High Elevation Mine Reclamation" conference sponsored by the Canadian Land Reclamation Association and the B.C. Technical and Research Committee on Reclamation. September 9-13, 2002, Dawson Creek, B.C.
Relationship between Anabolic Steroids and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Disease in Simplified General Idea for Non-Specialized Readers
Creators: name: Azzam, Ahmed Y.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The goal of this article is, to compare between cardiovascular system condition in normal body and on anabolic steroids users like bodybuilders in general simple idea according to past researches experiments in simplified way for non-specialized industry readers.
Random Words, Toeplitz Determinants and Integrable Systems. I
Creators: name: Its, Alexander R.
name: Tracy, Craig A.
name: Widom, Harold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is proved that the limiting distribution of the length of the longest weakly increasing subsequence in an inhomogeneous random word is related to the distribution function for the eigenvalues of a certain direct sum of Gaussian unitary ensembles subject to an overall constraint that the eigenvalues lie in a hyperplane.
description: 15 pages, no figures
Metaphor (Upacâra) in Early Yogâcâra Thought and Its Intellectual Context
Creators: Tzohar, Roy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Religion
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: South Asian literature
subject: Yogācāra (Buddhism)
subject: Buddhist literature
subject: Metaphor

description: The dissertation addresses a lacuna in current scholarship concerning the role and meaning of figurative language in Indian Buddhist Mahayana philosophical discourse. Attempting to fill part of it, the dissertation explicates and reconstructs an early Yogacara Buddhist philosophical discourse on metaphor (upacAara, nye bar `dogs pa) and grounds it in a broader intellectual context, both Buddhist and non-Buddhist. This analysis uncovers an Indian philosophical intertextual conversation about metaphor that reaches across sectarian lines, and since it takes place before the height of systematized alamkara-sastra in India, stands to illuminate what may be described as one of the philosophical roots of Sanskrit poetics. The dissertation proceeds by providing translations and analysis of key sections on upacara from a variety of Indian philosophical sources. The first part (chapters I-II) examines the concept's semantic and conceptual scope in the theories of meaning and fundamental works of the Nyaya and Mimamsa schools, and in the school of grammatical analysis (focusing on Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya). The second part (chapters III-V) examines the understanding of the term in some Yogacara sastras and sutras against the background of their broader Buddhist context. It looks at such texts as the Tattvarthapatalam chapter of the Bodhisattvabhumi and the Viniscayasamgrahani, both ascribed to Asanga; Vasubandhu's Trimsika and its commentary by Sthiramati; the Abhidharmakosabhasya and its commentary by Sthiramati; Dignaga's Pramanasamuccaya; and the Lankavatarasutra. This analysis reveals a Yogacara account of upacara that, because of its underlying referential mechanism, understands the term above all as diagnostic of a breach between language and reality and therefore as marking the demise of a correspondence theory of truth. Moreover, it is shown that some Yogacara thinkers developed this theme into a sophisticated theory of meaning that enabled the school both to insist on this lack of grounding for language and, at the same time, to uphold a hierarchy of truth claims, as required by the school's philosophical soteriological discourse. It is argued that a common feature of all these accounts is their understanding of metaphors not just as content carriers (that is, as informative) but also as performative - actively manifesting and invoking the groundlessness of language through the fact of their proliferation.
Synchronized, periodic, and chaotic dynamics in spin torque oscillator with two free layers
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phase diagram of the magnetization dynamics is studied by numerically solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation in a spin torque oscillator consisting of asymmetric two free layers that are magnetized in in-plane direction. We calculated the dynamics for a wide range of current density for both low and high field cases, and found many dynamical phases such as synchronization, auto-oscillation with different frequencies, and chaotic dynamics. The observation of the synchronization indicates the presence of a dynamical phase which has not been found experimentally by using the conventional electrical detection method. The auto-oscillations with different frequencies lead to an oscillation of magnetoresistance with a high frequency, which can be measured experimentally. The chaotic and/or periodic behavior of magnetoresistance in a high current region, on the other hand, leads to a discontinuous change of the peak frequency in Fourier spectrum.
MuSR and SQUID Investigation of Superconductivity in (NH_3)_0.75NaK_2C_60
Creators: name: Ricco, M.
name: Shiroka, T.
name: Zannoni, E.
name: Barbieri, F.
name: Bucci, C.
name: Bolzoni, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The family of superconducting fullerides (NH_3)_xNaK_2C_60 shows an anomalous correlation between T_c and lattice parameter. To better understand the origin of this anomaly we have studied a representative x=0.75 compound using SQUID magnetometry and MuSR spectroscopy. The lower critical field H_c1, measured by the trapped magnetization method, is less than 1 G, a very small value as compared with that of other fullerides. Muon spin depolarization in the superconducting phase shows also quite small local field inhomogeneities, of the order of those arising from nuclear dipolar fields. On the other hand, the 40 T value for H_c2, as extracted from magnetometry data, is comparable to that of other fullerides. We show that these observations cannot be rationalized within the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity. Instead, the anomalous magnetic properties could be interpreted taking into account the role played by polaronic instabilities in this material.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, RevTex4, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
D3.3 Content Packaging and Distribution
Creators: name: Brelot, Marc
name: Bouqueau, Romain
name: Fouquet, Rodolphe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: platform architecture, software modules

description: This report focuses on software modules implemented in task 3.3 “Content packaging and distribution”. First, it presents an overview of the current ImAc platform architecture and details the workflow and each of its components. It also details the future evolutions of the platform regarding final iteration needs of the project, specially linked to pilot 2. Then, this report explains how those modules can be installed and managed (user manual section) and how to access the code.
Neoflabellina jarvisi
Creators: name: Ismail, Ahmed A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Foraminifera
Nodosariata
Vaginulinida
Vaginulinidae
Neoflabellina
Neoflabellina jarvisi

description: Neoflabellina jarvisi (CUSHMAN, 1935)
 Pl. II, fig. 30
 1935. Flabellina jarvisi CUSHMAN, p. 85, pl. 13, figs. 7, 8.
 1956. Neoflabellina jarvisi (CUSHMAN).- SAID & KENAWY, p. 135, pl. 2, fig. 42.
 1985. Neoflabellina jarvisi (CUSHMAN).- LUGER, p. 85, pl. 6, figs. 6, 7.
 Remarks: It differs from N. rugosa in having a narrow test, fewer coiled chambers and higher sutures with irregularly shaped loops.
 Stratigraphic distribution: It is recorded in the Paleocene by SAID & KENAWY (1956) and LUGER (1985). It is rarely found in the Maastrichtian and floody in the Paleocene of the Esh El Mallaha area.
description: Published as part of Ismail, Ahmed A., 2012, Late Cretaceous-Early Eocene benthic foraminifera from Esh El Mallaha area, Egypt, pp. 15-50 in Revue de Paléobiologie 31 (1) on page 36
Relationship between Anabolic Steroids and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Disease in Simplified General Idea for Non-Specialized Readers
Creators: name: Azzam, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The goal of this article is, to compare between cardiovascular system condition in normal body and on anabolic steroids users like bodybuilders in general simple idea according to past researches experiments in simplified way for non-specialized industry readers.
Carnet nº 21, commencé à Canton (p. 51)
Creators: name: Péraire, Lucien
name: CNRS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: created: 29-7-1931
Normal modes for metric fluctuations in a class of higher-dimensional backgrounds
Creators: name: Gasperini, M.
name: Giovannini, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a gauge invariant approach to the theory of cosmological perturbations in a higher-dimensonal background. We find the normal modes which diagonalize the perturbed action, for a scalar field minimally coupled to gravity, in a higher-dimensional manifold M of the Bianchi-type I, under the assumption that the translations along an isotropic spatial subsection of M are isometries of the full, perturbed background. We show that, in the absence of scalar field potential, the canonical variables for scalar and tensor metric perturbations satisfy exactly the same evolution equation, and we discuss the possible dependence of the spectrum on the number of internal dimensions.
description: 19 pages, LATEX, an explicit example is added to discuss the possible dependence of the perturbation spectrum on the number of internal dimensions. To apper in Class. Quantum Grav
Methodological Innovations in Polyketide Synthesis and their Application toward the Scalable Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Agent Spongistatin 1
Creators: Reznik, Samuel Kaye
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Chemistry

description: This thesis describes the efforts of the Leighton laboratory to develop a scalable synthetic route to access anti-tumor agent spongistatin 1, or analogs thereof. In an effort to achieve this goal, several new chemical reaction platforms were established. Though these novel chemical transformations were developed specifically for use in the total synthesis of spongistatin 1, their potential application to general polyketide synthesis has been demonstrated. These methodological innovations have allowed our laboratory to take tremendous strides toward the longterm goal of helping to bring a potent chemotherapeutic agent to the global market.
Methods Development in Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Mechanics for Drug Discovery
Creators: Jerome, Steven Volney
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biophysics
Chemistry

description: Computational methods have the potential to significantly reduce the cost of drug discovery by providing key target-specific structural and physics-based information to guide the process of identifying and optimizing lead compounds. This dissertation will present developments in two classes of methods, each with a distinct balance of computational cost and accuracy. In the first part of this work, developments in the DFT-LOC methodology will be presented. The DFT-LOC methodology is successfully extended to the challenging problem of transition metal pKa prediction using a series of first-row hexaaqua complexes inspired by Photosystem II. The results of a second study involving the calculation of barrier heights in C-H bond activations in Cytochrome P450 and Methane Monooxyenase using QM/MM are presented. Dispersion corrections are combined with LOC corrections in order to achieve good agreement with experiment. In the second part of this dissertation, developments in molecular docking and protein structure prediction are discussed. The development of a novel algorithm for treating interloop interactions in proteins will be presented in the context of the Protein Local Optimization Program (PLOP). Finally, the details of a next-generation scoring function, called WSCORE, for molecular docking is presented along with application to MCL-1.
Methods for Analysis of Urban Energy Systems: A New York City Case Study
Creators: Howard, Bianca Nichole
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cogeneration of electric power and heat
subject: Energy consumption
subject: City planning--Environmental aspects
subject: Greenhouse gases
subject: Power resources
subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This dissertation describes methods developed for analysis of the New York City energy system. The analysis specifically aims to consider the built environment and its' impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Several contributions to the urban energy systems literature were made. First, estimates of annual energy intensities of the New York building stock were derived using a statistical analysis that leveraged energy consumption and tax assessor data collected by the Office of the Mayor. These estimates provided the basis for an assessment of the spatial distribution of building energy consumption. The energy consumption estimates were then leveraged to estimate the potential for combined heat and power (CHP) systems in New York City at both the building and microgrid scales. In aggregate, given the 2009 non-baseload GHG emissions factors for electricity production, these systems could reduce citywide GHG emissions by 10%. The operational characteristics of CHP systems were explored further considering different prime movers, climates, and GHG emissions factors. A combination of mixed integer linear programing and controlled random search algorithms were the methods used to determine the optimal capacity and operating strategies for the CHP systems under the various scenarios. Lastly a multi-regional unit commitment model of electricity and GHG emissions production for New York State was developed using data collected from several publicly available sources. The model was used to estimate average and marginal GHG emissions factors for New York State and New York City. The analysis found that marginal GHG emissions factors could reduce by 30% to 370 g CO₂e/kWh in the next 10 years.
Using matrix product states to study the dynamical large deviations of kinetically constrained models
Creators: name: Bañuls, Mari Carmen
name: Garrahan, Juan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we demonstrate that tensor network techniques - originally devised for the analysis of quantum many-body problems - are well suited for the detailed study of rare event statistics in kinetically constrained models (KCMs). As concrete examples we consider the Fredrickson-Andersen and East models, two paradigmatic KCMs relevant to the modelling of glasses. We show how variational matrix product states allow to numerically approximate - systematically and with high accuracy - the leading eigenstates of the tilted dynamical generators which encode the large deviation statistics of the dynamics. Via this approach we can study system sizes beyond what is possible with other methods, allowing us to characterise in detail the finite size scaling of the trajectory-space phase transition of these models, the behaviour of spectral gaps, and the spatial structure and "entanglement" properties of dynamical phases. We discuss the broader implications of our results.
description: 15 pages (including supplemental material), 3+18 figures. Extended Supplemental material
Ramulina navarroana CUSHMAN 1946
Creators: name: Ismail, Ahmed A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Foraminifera
Nodosariata
Polymorphinida
Polymorphinidae
Ramulina
Ramulina navarroana

description: Ramulina navarroana CUSHMAN, 1946
 Pl. III, fig. 4
 1946. Ramulina navarroana CUSHMAN, p. 99, pl. 43, figs. l, 2. 1956. Ramulina navarroana CUSHMAN. - SAID & KENAWY, p.
138, pl. 3, fig. 23.
 Remarks: It is distinguished by a central, more or less globular body from which radiate comparatively large, stout tubular projections. The wall of the central portion is smooth while the arms are finely spinose.
 Stratigraphic distribution: This species was originally described from the Corsicana Marl of the Navarro Group (Late Cretaceous), Limestone County, Texas. Also, it is recorded in the Esna Shale by LE ROY (1953). It is recorded in the Maastrichtian and Paleocene of the Esh El Mallaha area.
description: Published as part of Ismail, Ahmed A., 2012, Late Cretaceous-Early Eocene benthic foraminifera from Esh El Mallaha area, Egypt, pp. 15-50 in Revue de Paléobiologie 31 (1) on page 37
Additional file 2 of Molecular characterization of the viral structural protein genes in the first outbreak of dengue virus type 2 in Hunan Province, inland China in 2018
Creators: name: Guan, Jiaoqiong
name: He, Zhanlong
name: Qin, Meng
name: Deng, Xialin
name: Chen, Jun
name: Duan, Suqin
name: Gao, Xiaojun
name: Pan, Yue
name: Chen, Junying
name: Yang, Yaping
name: Feng, Shijun
name: Sun, Qiangming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Primers for amplification of the structural protein (C/prM/E) of DENV-2.
A Content Analysis of Depictions of Archive Users in Film and Television
Creators: name: Galt, Caroline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024
Subjects: Archives

description: Several researchers have examined the portrayal of archivists in fiction, observing stereotypes (or lack thereof) of the archival profession. However, these studies usually focus on the portrayal of archivists rather than archive users or researchers. This study sought to examine the portrayal of archive users in film and television. The study takes the form of a content analysis of 10 films and television shows, investigating the question “how have archive users been portrayed in film and television from the past twenty years?” In doing so, the study aims to provide insights about any stereotypes or popularly held beliefs about who can or does use archives. These insights may prove useful for archivists working to conduct outreach and make archival materials more accessible to the public.
Valvulineria aegyptiaca LE ROY 1953
Creators: name: Ismail, Ahmed A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Foraminifera
Globothalamea
Rotaliida
Cancrisidae
Valvulineria
Valvulineria aegyptiaca

description: Valvulineria aegyptiaca LE ROY, 1953
 Pl. III, fig. 18 & 19
 1953. Valvulineria aegyptiaca LE ROY, p. 53, pl. 9, figs. 21-23. 1956. Valvulineria aegyptiaca LE ROY. - SAID & KENAWY, p.
147, pl. 4, fig. 45.
 Remarks: It is distinguished by having seven chambers increasing rapidly in size as added with the last two chambers are inflated and the last one extends covering part of the ventral umbilical region.
 Stratigraphic distribution: It is recorded in the Esna Shale of the Maqfi Section by LE ROY (1953) and SAID & KENAWY (1956). In the study area, it is recorded in the Maastrichtian but it is rare to moderate occurrence in the Paleocene.
description: Published as part of Ismail, Ahmed A., 2012, Late Cretaceous-Early Eocene benthic foraminifera from Esh El Mallaha area, Egypt, pp. 15-50 in Revue de Paléobiologie 31 (1) on page 39
The Long man of Wilmington, East Sussex: the Documentary Evidence Reviewed
Creators: name: Farrant, John H
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 131, 129-138
description: The Long Man of Wilmington is a hill-figure of uncertain origin, on the scarp of the South Downs at N.G.R. TQ 542034. Hitherto, the earliest record has dated from 1781. This article publishes a drawing made in 17 JO; considers the dearth of documentary evidence from the 18th century and earlier; and offers corrections and clarifications to the secondary literature on the figure, particularly in respect of place-names. It does not speculate on the figure's origin.
Spontaneous emission spectrum of the non-lasing supermodes in semiconductor laser arrays
Creators: name: Hofmann, Holger F.
name: Hess, Ortwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the interference between spontaneous emission into the non-lasing supermode and the laser field of a semiconductor laser array causes spatial holeburning which couples the dynamics of the spontaneous emission with the laser field. In particular, phase locking between the spontaneous emission and the lasing mode leads to the formation of a spectral triplet composed of in-phase relaxation oscillation sidebands and an out-of-phase line at the lasing frequency.
description: 4 pages RevTex and 3 figures, submitted to Optics Letters
Methods for Building Network Models of Neural Circuits
Creators: DePasquale, Brian David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neural networks (Neurobiology)--Mathematical models
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biophysics

description: Artificial recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are powerful models for understanding and modeling dynamic computation in neural circuits. As such, RNNs that have been constructed to perform tasks analogous to typical behaviors studied in systems neuroscience are useful tools for understanding the biophysical mechanisms that mediate those behaviors. There has been significant progress in recent years developing gradient-based learning methods to construct RNNs. However, the majority of this progress has been restricted to network models that transmit information through continuous state variables since these methods require the input-output function of individual neuronal units to be differentiable. Overwhelmingly, biological neurons transmit information by discrete action potentials. Spiking model neurons are not differentiable and thus gradient-based methods for training neural networks cannot be applied to them.
      This work focuses on the development of supervised learning methods for RNNs that do not require the computation of derivatives. Because the methods we develop do not rely on the differentiability of the neural units, we can use them to construct realistic RNNs of spiking model neurons that perform a variety of benchmark tasks, and also to build networks trained directly from experimental data. Surprisingly, spiking networks trained with these non-gradient methods do not require significantly more neural units to perform tasks than their continuous-variable model counterparts. The crux of the method draws a direct correspondence between the dynamical variables of more abstract continuous-variable RNNs and spiking network models. The relationship between these two commonly used model classes has historically been unclear and, by resolving many of these issues, we offer a perspective on the appropriate use and interpretation of continuous-variable models as they relate to understanding network computation in biological neural circuits.
      Although the main advantage of these methods is their ability to construct realistic spiking network models, they can equally well be applied to continuous-variable network models. An example is the construction of continuous-variable RNNs that perform tasks for which they provide performance and computational cost competitive with those of traditional methods that compute derivatives and outperform previous non-gradient-based network training approaches.
      Collectively, this thesis presents efficient methods for constructing realistic neural network models that can be used to understand computation in biological neural networks and provides a unified perspective on how the dynamic quantities in these models relate to each other and to quantities that can be observed and extracted from experimental recordings of neurons.
New azobenzene-based natural fatty acid liquid crystals with low melting point: synthesis, DFT calculations and binary mixtures
Creators: name: M. Hagar
name: H. A. Ahmed
name: O. A. Alhaddad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Three new groups of azobenzene liquid crystals named,4-[2-(4-substituted phenyl)diazenyl]phenyl hexdecanoate, 4-[2-(4-substituted phenyl)diazenyl]phenyl octadeca-9-enoate, and 4-[2-(4-substituted phenyl)diazenyl]phenyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate were prepared from naturally occurring fatty acids (palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids). All groups were investigated for their mesophase formation and thermal stability of pure compounds and their binary mixtures by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarised light microscopy (PLM) and thermogravemetric analyses (TGA). Each group contains two compounds that differ from each other by the polar substituent X (CH3O and Cl) with different number (n) of carbons in the fatty alkyl chains. Molecular structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed via FT-IR, 1H NMR, C13 NMR and elemental analysis. Mesomorphic and thermal properties were investigated. Smectic A phase is the mesophase observed in all of the compounds prepared and their binary mixtures with low melting temperatures. Moreover, DFT calculations were discussed for the prepared compounds. The results revealed that the alkyl chain of the carboxylate part does not significantly affect on the energy difference of the FMOs as well as the thermodynamic parameters. However, the high electronegative Cl substituent has significant effect on the energy difference of the FMOs and decreases the dipole moments of the prepared compounds. Semictic A texture of 4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate at 53.5°C
Methods for Computing Genus Distribution Using Double-Rooted Graphs
Creators: Khan, Imran Farid
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This thesis develops general methods for computing the genus distribution of various types of graph families, using the concept of double-rooted graphs, which are defined to be graphs with two vertices designated as roots (the methods developed in this dissertation are limited to the cases where one of the two roots is restricted to be of valence two). I define partials and productions, and I use these as follows: (i) to compute the genus distribution of a graph obtained through the vertex amalgamation of a double-rooted graph with a single-rooted graph, and to show how these can be used to obtain recurrences for the genus distribution of iteratively growing infinite graph families. (ii) to compute the genus distribution of a graph obtained (a) through the operation of self-vertex-amalgamation on a double-rooted graph, and (b) through the operation of edge-addition on a double-rooted graph, and finally (iii) to develop a method to compute the recurrences for the genus distribution of the graph family generated by the Cartesian product of P3 and Pn.
Theory for effects of pressure on heavy-fermion alloys
Creators: name: Zhang, Sun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of pressure on heavy-fermion alloys are studied in the framework of Yoshimori-Kasai model under the coherent potential approximation. A unified picture is presented for both the electron-type heavy-fermion systems and the hole-type heavy-fermion systems. The density of states of $f$ electrons is calculated over the whole range of the doping concentration under the applied pressure. The Kondo temperature, the specific-heat coefficient, and the electrical resistivity are obtained, in agreement with the experiments qualitatively. The contrasting pressure-dependent effects for two types of heavy-fermion alloys are discussed to reveal the coherence in the system under pressure.
description: 8 figures
Climbing Escher's stairs: a way to approximate stability landscapes in multidimensional systems
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Sánchez, Pablo
name: van Nes, Egbert H.
name: Scheffer, Marten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Stability landscapes are useful for understanding the properties of dynamical systems. These landscapes can be calculated from the system's dynamical equations using the physical concept of scalar potential. Unfortunately, for most biological systems with two or more state variables such potentials do not exist. Here we use an analogy with art to provide an accessible explanation of why this happens. Additionally, we introduce a numerical method for decomposing differential equations into two terms: the gradient term that has an associated potential, and the non-gradient term that lacks it. In regions of the state space where the magnitude of the non-gradient term is small compared to the gradient part, we use the gradient term to approximate the potential as quasi-potential. The non-gradient to gradient ratio can be used to estimate the local error introduced by our approximation. Both the algorithm and a ready-to-use implementation in the form of an R package are provided.
Asymptotically flat wormhole solutions with variable equation-of-state parameter
Creators: name: Parsaei, Foad
name: Rastgoo, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study exact wormhole solutions in the framework of general relativity with a general equation of state that reduced to a linear equation of state asymptotically. By considering a special shape function, we find classes of solutions which are asymptotically flat. We study the violation of NEC as the main ingredient in the wormhole physics. We investigate the possibility of finding wormhole solutions with asymptotically different state parameter. We show that in principle, wormhole with vanishing redshift function and the selected shape function, cannot satisfy NEC at large infinity. We present solutions which have the positive total amount of mater in the "volume integral quantifier" method. For this class of solutions, fluid near the wormhole throat is in the phantom regime and at some $r=r_{2}$, the phantom regime is connected to a dark energy regime. Thus, we need small amount of exotic matter to construct wormhole solutions.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, two new solutions, NEC violation discussion and references added
The workhorses of the county: the Sussex Justices of the Peace, 1660-1714
Creators: name: Le Fevre, Peter
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 132, 129-142
description: During Charles II 's reign remodelling of the commissions of the peace on political lines began. After 1690 the commissions were frequently renewed to ensure that the justices of the peace appointed to them supported the dominant, Whig or Tory, party. The consequent upheavals in local administration were mitigated in Sussex by a group of hard-working justices being appointed time after time. This article looks at who these justices were; at the development of a regular chairmanship; and at the impact of the frequent remodellings on the personnel of quarter sessions.
Additional file 3 of Effectiveness of training interventions to improve quality of medical certification of cause of death: systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Gamage, U. S. H.
name: Mahesh, Pasyodun Koralage Buddhika
name: Schnall, Jesse
name: Mikkelsen, Lene
name: Hart, John D.
name: Chowdhury, Hafiz
name: Li, Hang
name: McLaughlin, Deirdre
name: Lopez, Alan D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Tables S1-S5. Data used for meta-analysis.
Species selection for revegetation of the Goro Nickel project area in New Caledonia
Creators: name: McCoy, Stephane G.
name: Kurpisz, D.
name: Newedou, S.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Peridotite ranges cover an important part of the Pacific island of New Caledonia and have been the focus of intense mine activity for nickel, chromium and iron ores. Mine overburden historically placed in valleys causing subsequent coastal sedimentation is now the focus of revegetation operations. These activities aim to produce a vegetation similar to native types because the peculiar properties of ultramafic soils preclude future agricultural or pastoral land use. Revegetation efforts have focussed on fast growing Casuarina collina and Acacia spirorbis, and more recently, a diverse assemblage of endemic species tolerant of mine site conditions to produce an initial vegetation suited to seedling colonisation from surrounding areas. Measures of relative growth indicate that species not native to ultramafics (Pinus, Casuarina, Acacia) grow faster than endemic species on laterite trials in the Goro Nickel project area. This would suggest that these species could produce suitable cover for vegetation development from seedling colonisation. However measures of seedling colonisation at a mature Casuarina and Acacia plantation indicate that they support significantly fewer colonists than younger endemic species plantations despite having a near continuous litter cover. Significantly fewer seedlings were found underneath Casuarina suggesting that deep litter is impeding colonist establishment. This phenomenon has been documented for Casuarinaceae in New Caledonia and elsewhere. Furthermore, Casuarina seedlings were absent underneath adult trees at the plantation suggesting that this species is unable to regenerate on laterites at Goro. The current revegetation program has focussed efforts on the flora of the Goro region and produced 130 endemic species as potential alternatives to Pinus, Acacia and Casuarina that would generate ecologically sustainable vegetation. Direct seeding techniques of native species are options currently being tested to determine their potential and economic viability.
title: Braunschweigisches Adreßbuch für das Jahr 1876
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Meyer
Year: 1876
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Stadt Braunschweig
subject: 902

description: Braunschweigisches Adreßbuch, vol. 1876
Filtering of Gaussian processes in Hilbert spaces
Creators: name: Kubelka, Vit
name: Maslowski, Bohdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Linear filtering problem for infinite-dimensional Gaussian processes is studied, the observation process being finite-dimensional. Integral equations for the filter and for covariance of the error are derived. General results are applied to linear SPDEs driven by Gauss-Volterra process observed at finitely many points of the domain.
Methods for modeling the dynamics of microbial communities
Creators: Joseph, Tyler
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Nucleotide sequence
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotic communities
subject: Irritable colon

description: Advances in DNA sequencing of microbial communities have revealed a complex relationship between the human microbiome and our health. Community dynamics, host-microbe interactions, and changing environmental pressures create a dynamic ecosystem that is just beginning to be understood. In this work, we develop methods for investigating the dynamics of the microbiome. First, we develop a model for describing community dynamics. We show that the proposed approaches accurately describes community trajectories over time. Next, we develop a method for modeling and eliminating technical noise from longitudinal data. We demonstrate that the method can accurately reconstruct microbial trajectories from noisy data. Finally, we develop a method for estimating bacterial growth rates from metagenomic sequencing. Using a case-control cohort of individuals with irritable bowel disease, we show how growth rates can be associated with disease status, community states, and metabolites. Altogether, these models can be used to help uncover the relationship between microbial dynamics, human health, and disease.
Graded topological spaces
Creators: name: Koppensteiner, Clemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the notion of a "graded topological space": a topological space endowed with a sheaf of abelian groups which we think of as a sheaf of gradings. Any object living on a graded topological space will be graded by this sheaf of abelian groups. We work out the fundamentals of sheaf theory and Poincaré-Verdier duality for such spaces.
1+1 Sector of 3+1 Gravity
Creators: name: Jacobson, Ted
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rank--1 sector of classical Ashtekar gravity is considered, motivated by the degeneracy of the metric along the Wilson lines in quantum loop states. It is found that the lines behave like 1+1 dimensional spacetimes with a pair of massless complex fields propagating along them. The inclusion of matter and extension to supergravity are also considered.
description: 9 pages, plain Latex, no figures
On the Time-Frequency Downward Drifting of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Wang, Weiyang
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Chen, Xuelei
name: Xu, Renxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The newly discovered second repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source, FRB 180814.J0422+73, was reported to exhibit a time-frequency downward drifting pattern, which is also seen in the first repeater FRB 121102. We propose a generic geometrical model to account for the observed downward drifting of sub-pulse frequency, within the framework of coherent curvature radiation by bunches of electrons or positrons in the magnetosphere of a neutron star. A sudden trigger event excites these coherent bunches of charged particles, which stream outwards along open field lines. As the field lines sweep across the line of sight, the bunches seen later have traveled farther into the less curved part of the magnetic field lines, thus emitting at lower frequencies. We use this model to explain the time-frequency downward drifting in two FRB generation scenarios, the transient pulsar-like sparking from the inner gap region of a slowly rotating neutron star, and the externally-triggered magnetosphere reconfiguration known as the "cosmic comb".
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Interference Effects between Three Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Zhang, Sun
name: Wang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interference effects between three weakly linked trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) as a generalization of the two-component condensates. Three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPE) are used to describe the dynamics of the system. The nonsinusoidal oscillation is found as a generalization of the Josephson effect in superconductivity. The self-trapped effects are also predicted in three coupled BEC. Moreover, in general case, the phase diagrams of the system are closed only for some special parameters, which can be used to determine the interaction parameters between atoms in BEC.
description: 4 figures
Methods for functional regression and nonlinear mixed-effects models with applications to PET data
Creators: Chen, Yakuan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biometry
subject: Regression analysis
subject: Multilevel models (Statistics)
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The overall theme of this thesis focuses on methods for functional regression and nonlinear mixed-effects models with applications to PET data.
      The first part considers the problem of variable selection in regression models with functional responses and scalar predictors. We pose the function-on-scalar model as a multivariate regression problem and use group-MCP for variable selection. We account for residual covariance by "pre-whitening" using an estimate of the covariance matrix, and establish theoretical properties for the resulting estimator. We further develop an iterative algorithm that alternately updates the spline coefficients and covariance. Our method is illustrated by the application to two-dimensional planar reaching motions in a study of the effects of stroke severity on motor control.
      The second part introduces a functional data analytic approach for the estimation of the IRF, which is necessary for describing the binding behavior of the radiotracer. Virtually all existing methods have three common aspects: summarizing the entire IRF with a single scalar measure; modeling each subject separately; and the imposition of parametric restrictions on the IRF. In contrast, we propose a functional data analytic approach that regards each subject's IRF as the basic analysis unit, models multiple subjects simultaneously, and estimates the IRF nonparametrically. We pose our model as a linear mixed effect model in which shrinkage and roughness penalties are incorporated to enforce identifiability and smoothness of the estimated curves, respectively, while monotonicity and non-negativity constraints impose biological information on estimates. We illustrate this approach by applying it to clinical PET data.
      The third part discusses a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach for PET data analysis under the assumption of a compartment model. The traditional NLS estimators of the population parameters are applied in a two-stage analysis, which brings instability issue and neglects the variation in rate parameters. In contrast, we propose to estimate the rate parameters by fitting nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) models, in which all the subjects are modeled simultaneously by allowing rate parameters to have random effects and population parameters can be estimated directly from the joint model. Simulations are conducted to compare the power of detecting group effect in both rate parameters and summarized measures of tests based on both NLS and NLME models. We apply our NLME approach to clinical PET data to illustrate the model building procedure.