Anopheles (Anopheles) kleini Rueda, new species
Creators: name: Rueda, Leopoldo M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae
Anopheles
Anopheles kleini

description: Anopheles (Anopheles) kleini Rueda, new species
(Figs. 4–6)
Anopheles “unknown 2” of Li et al. 2005 (rDNA ITS2 sequence).
Description. — Female (Fig. 4). Integument dark brown with silvery or grayish pollinosity. For, the following measurements and counts, n = 8, except when indicated. Head. Interocular space with 10–18 long, pale setae intermixed with both long and small, narrow, appressed white scales; vertex, occiput, and upper portion of postgena with numerous erect, truncate scales; middorsal portion of vertex with patch of white scales; lateral portion of vertex, occiput and upper portion of postgena with patch of dark brown to black scales; ventral portion of postgena with long dark brown to black setae. Clypeus bare dorsally, with dark brown scales laterally. Pedicel of antenna with 8–19 (n = 13) small, dorsolateral, narrow to broad, grayish white spatulate scales; flagellomere 1 with numerous FIGUER 4. Anopheles kleini, adult female, habitus.
narrow to broad white scales; flagellomeres 2–8 with a few scattered narrow to broad white scales. Scales of maxillary palpus slender, spatulate, mostly dark brown to black with intermixed dark brown setae; narrow band of white scales at base of palpomeres 3 and 4, and at base and apex of palpomere 5; apical white band of palpomere 5 slightly longer than other white bands; base of maxillary palpus dorsally with single long, erect dark seta; length of maxillary palpus 2.00– 2.60 mm (mean = 2.38 mm); ratio of length of each of palpomeres 2–5 to total length of palpus, 2 = 0.32–0.35 (mean = 0.33), 3 = 0.31– 0.36 (mean = 0.34), 4 = 0.15–0.22 (mean = 0.19), 5 = 0.09–0.18 (mean = 0.12); palpus 0.88–1.18 (mean = 1.07) forefemur length. Proboscis dark­scaled, labellum light brown; base of proboscis with long, erect dark setae; proboscis length 2.10–2.55 mm (mean = 2.36 mm); proboscis 0.93–1.13 (mean = 0.99) palpus length. Thorax. Scutum dark brown, gray pollinose, with 2 submedian longitudinal lines on anterior portion; a pair of black round spots slightly distinct; median anterior promontory with patch of intermixed narrow, short and long white scales. Darker lateral areas of scutum with longer dark setae. Scutal fossa, antealar area and supraalar area slightly pale pollinose. Scutellum dark, slightly pale pollinose, with 17–26 shorter and 13–18 long setae, short setae intermixed pale yellow and dark brown, long setae dark brown. Antepronotum with 13–18 dark brown setae, and patch of dark scales anteriorly. Pleuron brown to dark brown; upper proepisternum with 4–8 setae, without scales; prespiracular area with 2–5 setae, without scales; prealar area with 5–18 setae, without scales; upper mesokatepisternum with 1–5 setae, without scales; lower mesokatepisternum with 2–8 setae, without scales; upper mesepimeron with 5–13 setae, without scales. Legs. Fore­ and midlegs dark­scaled except white scales dorsally on apex of femora and tibiae, and pale scales ventrally on parts of femora, tibiae and tarsomeres 1; complete narrow apical pale bands on tarsomeres 1–3; very narrow or indistinct apical pale band on tarsomere 3; apical pale band on tarsomere 4 absent. Hindlegs dark­scaled as fore­ and midlegs, except apical white scales on tarsomere 4. Midcoxae with upper and lower patches of pale scales; upper patch 7–13 scales, lower patch 5–9 scales. Forefemur length 2.15–2.40 mm (mean = 2.23 mm), ratio of forefemur length to proboscis length 0.88–1.02 (mean = 0.95). Midfemur length 2.30­2.65­ 2.65 mm (mean = 2.46 mm), ratio of midfemur length to proboscis length 0.98–1.12 (mean = 1.04). Hindfemur length 2.35–2.80 mm (mean = 2.58 mm), ratio of hindfemur length to proboscis length 1.00–1.67 (mean = 1.09).
Wing (Table 4). Length (measured from humeral crossvein to wing tip, excluding fringe) 4.15–4.55 mm (mean = 4.37 mm, n = 9). Dark scales brown to black, pale wing scales white and pale yellow. Costa (C) dark­scaled with small subcostal pale spot (SCP, mean = 0.47 mm) and preapical pale spot (PP, mean = 0.27 mm); remigium covered with numerous white to pale scales and few dark scales; humeral crossvein and arculus without scale patch. Subcosta (Sc) dark­scaled with few scattered spatulate white scales from base to sector dark (SD). Radius (R) to R1 dark­scaled except 3 pale spots (SP, SCP and PP), scattered white spatulate scales from base to presector dark (PSD), and stripe of white scales on SD before SCP; base of Rs dark­scaled; bifurcation of R2 and R3 dark­scaled; base of R4+5 dark­scaled; tips of R1, R2, R3 and R4+5 usually with pale fringe. Media (M) mostly pale­scaled; bifurcation of M1+2 and M3+4 dark­scaled; tips of M1+2 and M3+4 with dark fringe. Cubitus (Cu) with basal dark spot, length 0.25–0.45 (mean = 0.34); Cu1 with 4 dark spots, length of first basal spot 0.20–0.30 mm (mean = 0.26 mm), second spot 0.30– 0.40 mm (mean = 0.34 mm), third spot 0.45–1.00 mm (mean = 0.64 mm), distal fourth spot 0.20–0.30 mm (mean = 0.26 mm); Cu2 with distal dark spot only, length 0.20–0.30 mm (mean = 0.25 mm); tip of Cu1 with dark fringe; tip of Cu2 with pale fringe. Anal vein (1A) with 2 dark spots, basal spot length 0.20–0.35 mm (mean = 0.30 mm), distal spot length 0.45–0.60 mm (mean = 0.49 mm), tip of 1A with dark fringe. Halter. Scabellum and pedicel light brown to dark with grayish pollinosity; capitellum dark brown to black. Descriptive statistics for ratios of costal and R–R1 wing spot lengths/length of wing measured from humeral crossvein are shown in Table 4, with holotype male wing measurements in brackets. Abdomen. Terga and sterna dark brown to black with grayish pollinosity, covered with pale brown to golden brown setae.
TABLE 4. An.kleini: descriptive statistics for ratios of veins C and R­R1 wing spot lengths/length of wing measured from humeral crossvein*.
Wing spot Range Mean + SD
Costa (C)
Basal dark to sector dark (BD+PHD+HD+PD+SD) 0.49 ­ 0.60 0.56 + 0.03 [0.56]
Subcostal pale (SCP) 0.07 ­ 0.16 0.11 + 0.03 [0.07]
Preapical dark (PD) 0.11­ 0.27 0.21 + 0.05 [0.27]
Preapical pale (PP) 0.04 ­ 0.12 0.06 + 0.02 [0.06]
Apical dark (AD) 0.03 ­ 0.04 0.04 + 0.00 [0.04]
Vein R­R 1
Basal dark to presector dark (BD+PHD+HD+PSD) 0.24 ­ 0.27 0.25 + 0.01 [0.26]
Sector pale (SP) 0.07 ­ 0.19 0.10 + 0.03 [0.09]
Sector dark (SD) 0.21 ­ 0.26 0.23 + 0.01 [0.26]
Subcostal pale (SCP) 0.06 ­ 0.11 0.09 + 0.01 [0.06]
Preapical dark (PD) 0.07 ­ 0.24 0.20 + 0.05 [0.22]
Preapical pale (PP) 0.06 ­ 0.16 0.08 + 0.03 [0.07]
Apical dark (AD) 0.03 ­ 0.05 0.04 + 0.01 [0.04]
*Nine wings from the holotype and paratypes; [], holotype male.
Male (Figs. 5 C, D). As in female except for following sexual differences. Maxillary palpus 0.97–1.04 length of proboscis (mean = 0.99; n = 9 for this and n = 6 for following measurements except where indicated), apex of palpomere 3 and all of palpomeres 4 and 5 enlarged. Maxillary palpus with dark brown and white scales, dorsal surface of all segments with white scales; palpomere 2 with slightly erect dark brown scales at base and pale scales from middle to apex; palpomere 3 dark­scaled with long yellowish to light brown setae at apex; palpomere 4 pale yellow to dark brown­scaled with narrow basal white band, inner surface with long yellowish­brown to light brown setae; palpomere 5 pale brown­scaled with narrow basal white band, lateral surface with white scales and numerous dark brown short setae. Proboscis length 2.40–3.00 mm (mean = 2.69 mm, n = 9), dark brown­scaled. Anal vein with single dark spot. Tergum IX bare, with pair of elongate caudally directed capitate tergal lobes; length of lobe from base to tip 0.93 distance between 2 lobes; middle of lobe narrower, 0.57 width of lobe tip and 0.08 width of lobe base. Gonocoxite 2.09–2.12x as long as wide at widest point; dorsal (postrotational) surface with many long setae distally, slender fusiform and spatulate scales and numerous small spicules proximally; ventral surface as dorsal but with lateral scales and numerous longer spicules; mesal parabasal spine (parabasal 1) stout, borne on slightly raised base; parabasal 2 stout with slender tip; parabasal 1 base 0.07 from base of gonocoxite; parabasal 2 base 0.05 from base of gonocoxite; internal seta slender, base 0.18–0.28 distance from base of gonocoxite. Gonostylus widened at base and narrowed toward middle and tip; gonostylus 1.03 length of gonocoxite; gonostylus 23.33x longer than gonostylar claw. Claspette. Dorsal lobe of claspette with 3 closely appressed setae of about equal length; tips of 2 lateral setae curved and bluntly rounded; tip of middle seta slightly curved and round; tip of composite structure club­shaped. Ventral lobe of claspette with 2 long subapical setae, most apical much longer than other. Both ventral and dorsal lobes, and areas in between them, with numerous spicules. Aedeagal leaflets 5 per side; 3 mesal leaflets broadest, with broad, thin, nearly transparent inner margins; other leaflets with narrow, thin, nearly transparent inner margins; most mesal leaflet with 0–3 aciculae.
Pupa (Figs. 5 A–B). Position and development of setae as figured; range and modal number of branches, and number of branches of holotype male as in Table 5. Integument with light to moderate dark pigmentation. Exuviae colorless to dark brown. Cephalothorax. Mesothoracic wing with distinct rows of round dark spots. Trumpet with thin, lightly serrated pale brown rim; meatus with simple cleft, and its subbasal part with numerous spinules; trumpet length 0.46–0.80 mm (mean = 0.53 mm, n = 11 for this and n = 10 for following measurements and counts except where indicated), width 0.35–0.50 mm (mean = 0.43 mm, measured at base of pinna), index 1.02–1.72 (mean = 1.23); tracheoid area 0.91 length of trumpet. Abdomen. Abdominal tergum I with 2 elongate posterior dark marks (PDM); each PDM narrows mesally at base, with maximum width (0.02–0.05 mm, mean = 0.04 mm) towards distal tip, length 0.34–0.74 mm (mean = 0.40 mm), about 0.02–0.04 (mean = 0.03 mm, n =17) width of abdominal segment I, and longer than the longest branch of seta 1­I. Seta 1­I fan­like with 12–29 aciculate dendritic branches; 6­I with 1 or 2 branches; 7­I with 1­6 branches; 9­I with 1 or 2 branches. Setae 1, 5­III­VII well developed; 1­V 0.80–1.17 (mean = 1.04) length of 5­V; 1­VI 0.71–1.29 (mean = 0.96, n = 4); 1­ VII 0.79–1.17 (mean = 0.99, n = 9); 3­VI aligned with and mesal of 1­VI, unlike on other segments; 8­I­II absent; 9­I simple, single or forked; 9­II very short, simple, spine­like; 9­ III short, with slightly rounded tip, 2.25–4.67 (mean = 2.95) length of 9­II; 9­IV strong, lightly pigmented and slightly pointed, 1.44–1.86 (mean = 1.56) length of 9­III; 9­V­VIII long, lightly pigmented and slightly pointed; 9­V 1.00–2.00 (mean = 1.29) length of 9­IV; 9­VI 1.00–1.19 (mean = 1.08) length of 9­V; 9­VII 3.89–5.00 (mean =4.41) length of 9­VI; 9­VIII 0.16–.27 (mean = 0.22) length of 9­VII; 9­VI 0.15–0.16 (mean = 0.15, n = 3) length of segment VI; 9­VII 0.06–0.08 (mean = 0.07, n = 9) length of segment VII; 9­VIII 0.05– 0.54 (mean = 0.12, n = 8) length of segment VIII. Seta 9­I positioned near anterolateral edge of tergum; 9­II on posterolateral edge of tergum; 9­III­VIII near posterolateral edge of tergum. Segment VII 1.00–1.85 (mean = 1.15) length of segment VI; segment VIII 1.15–1.27 (mean = 1.20, n = 6) length of segment VI; segment VIII 0.11–1.22 (mean = 1.02, n = 8) length of segment VII. Segment VII 0.008–0.009 (mean = 0.009) width of segment VI (width at posterior margins); segment VIII 0.10–0.96 (mean = 0.77, n = 6) width of segment VI; segment VIII 1.06–1.03 (mean = 0.90, n = 8) width of segment VII. Width/ length of segment VI 2.15–2.76 (mean = 2.44), segment VII 1.15–2.16 (mean = 1.99), segment VIII 0.001–0.007 (mean = 0.006). Paddle length 0.88–1.06 mm (mean = 0.96 mm), width 0.49–0.71 mm (mean = 0.63 mm), length/width ratio 1.34–1.97 (mean = 1.53); refractile index 0.76–0.85 (mean = 0.80, n = 8); paddle seta 1­Pa simple or forked; 2­Pa simple; 1­Pa thicker and 1.74x longer than 2­Pa. Width/length of genital lobe of female 1.78–1.86 (mean = 1.82), male 0.73–1.00 (mean = 0.88, n = 8); numerous spicules present on subapical and apical margins of genital lobe of female, absent in male.
Larva (Fig. 6). Position and development of setae as figured; range and modal number of branches and number of branches of holotype male as shown in Table 6. Head. Length 0.78–1.02 mm (mean = 0.90 mm, n = 9 for this and following measurements and counts except where indicated), width 0.74–0.90 mm (mean = 0.81 mm). Antennal length 0.32– 0.36 mm (mean = 0.33 mm), slightly tapered toward apex, 4.44–6.15 (mean = 4.97) longer than wide; with spicules longer and more numerous ventrally and in vicinity of seta 1A; spicule length 0.004–0.02 mm (mean = 0.02 mm, n = 20). Seta 1­A with 2–7 (mode = 5, n = 11) branches, length 0.08–0.24 mm (mean = 0.14 mm), inserted 0.11–0.17 mm (mean = 0.15 mm) from base of antenna; 2­A single, pointed, length 0.08–0.12 mm (mean = 0.10 mm, n = 8); 3­A single, pointed, length 0.12–0.14 mm (mean = 0.13 mm, n = 7); 4­A with 3–5 branches (mode = 5, n = 6); 5­A short, spine­like, 0.12–0.23 (mean = 0.14) length of seta 1­A; 6­A spine­like 0.91x as long as seta 5­A. Seta 2­C single 1.04–1.72 (mean = 1.53, n = 12) length of 3­C; seta 2­C close to mate of opposite side 0.002–0.008 mm (mean = 0.003 mm, n = 15); 3­C densely dendritic with 11–23 main branches (mode = 11), longest branch 0.16–0.24 mm (mean = 0.18 mm, n = 13), clypeal index (distance between Seta Abdominal seg­
ments
no. III IV V VI VII VIII X
0 2­3(2) [3] 1­3 (3) [3] 2­3(2) [2] 1­3(3) [3] 1­3(2) [3] 2­3(3) [3] ­
1 14­20 (15) [14] 14­20(17) [15] 15­22(17) [17] 14­18(15) [15] 13­17(15) [15] 1 [1] 1 [1]
2 2­6(6) [6] 2­3(3) [3] 2­6(2) [4] 4­6(5) [4] 5­7(7) [6] 3­11(3) [11] 16­51(18) [19]
3 1 [1] 2­4(2) [2] 1­3(1) [2] 1 [1] 1­3(3) [3] 5­10(7) [10] 6­22(6) [12]
4 3­4(4) [3] 4­7(4) [4] 4­7(4) [4] 1­2(1) [2] 1 [1] 1 [1] 9 [9]
5 9­13 (11) [11] 5­7(7) [7] 5­8(7) [8] 4­10(6) [8] 7­12(8) [9] 2­4(3) [4] ­
6 16­32 (16) [16] 3­5(3) [3] 1­2(1) [1] 3­6(4) [6] 2­6(5) [5] 1­S 3­7(6) [6]
7 3­9(8) [9] 2­3(3) [3] 3­5(3) [3] 2­4(2) [2] 4­9(5) [5] 2­S 3­6(3) [3]
8 2­3(2) [3] 2­4(2) [­] 1­5(4) [4] 2­5(3) [4] 3­8(8) [8] 6­S 2­6(3) [­]
9 5­11 (7) [5] 6­11(9) [9] 6­9(6) [9] 5­11(8) [10] 2­8(5) [8] 7­S 1­2(1) [1]
10 1­2 (1) [1] 1 [1] 1 [1] 1­3(1) [2] 3­7(6) [3] 8­S 4­7(4) [5]
11 2­4 (2) [2] 2­4(2) [3] 2­3(2) [2] 1­3(1) [2] 2­5(2) [2] 9­S 3­7(7) [3]
12 1­2 (1) [2] 2­4(2) [4] 1­3(3) [2] 1­2(1) [1] 1 [1] ­ ­
13 6­9 (7) [8] 4­9(6) [9] 5­10(5) [5] 5­10(6) [7] 2­4(3) [4] ­ ­
14 1 [1] 1­2(1) [2] 1­2(1) [2] 1­2(1) [2] 1­2(1) [2] 1­2(1) [2] ­
15 ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­
a C, head; P, prothorax; M, mesothorax; T, metathorax.
bases 2­C and 3­C on 1 side/distance between bases of 2­C) 9.00–32.00 (mean = 21.33, n = 12). Thorax. Seta 1­P with 1–5 branches (mode = 1, n = 13); 9, 10, 12­P single; 9­12­P setal support plate spine length 0.03–0.06 mm (mean = 0.04 mm, n = 8). Setae 9­12­M single; 9­M 1.25–1.42 (mean = 1.30, n = 5) length 10­M; 9­12­M setal support plate spine length 0.02–0.04 mm (mean = 0.03 mm, n = 5). Setae 9­11­T single; 9­T 1.38–1.50 (mean = 1.45, n = 6) length of 10­T; seta 12­T with 2 branches; 9­12­T setal support plate spine length 0.03–0.04 mm (mean = 0.03 mm, n = 14); 13­T with 3 branches. Abdomen. Seta 1­I with 8­15 branches (mode = 8, n = 8); 1­II 7­12 branches (mode = 12). Seta 1­III­VII palmate with well­developed leaflets, each leaflet with short filament; 0­II­VIII and 14­III­ VIII weakly developed; 0, 8, 14­I, 14­II absent; 3­II,V,VI single; 3­I,III,IV single. Seta 1­ X single, 0.56–0.95 (mean = 0.71, n = 6) length of saddle; 1­X inserted on saddle. Saddle with minute, sparse spicules on lateral surface. Integument of posterior margin of segment X with strongly developed dark brown to black spicules. Spiracular apparatus. Pecten plate with 19–25 spines (mode = 19, n = 13); arrangement of spines alternating long and short, with 8–9 (mode = 8, n = 13) long spines and 10–17 (mode = 13, n = 12) short spines; long spines 2.50–5.50 (mean = 3.59, n = 20) length of short spines. Two posterolateral spiracular lobe plates present, each plate with elongate, slender, sclerotized projection from inner caudal margin.
Type material. Holotype male with associated slide­mounted larval and pupal exuviae, and male genitalia; H. C. Kim coll., reared from a female collected from CDC light trap at a cow shed, 2 August 2002, Cheongpyeong (36° 40’N 128° 22’E), Gyeongsang buk­do, South Korea, WRBU ACC No. 1684, KS 02­6(2)­6. Deposited in the NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Paratypes. SOUTH KOREA: GYEONGSANG BUK­DO, Cheongpyeong, same data as holotype male, 8 F PeLe, KS 02­6(2)­11,12,14, 5,18­21; 2 M PeLe, KS 02­6(2)­9,10; 1 F, KS 02­6(2); GYEONGGI­DO, Majeong­ri, Munsan­up, Pajusi (37° 50’N 126° 49’E), W. J. Lee coll., 5 June 2004, reared from a female, 5 F, KS 04­2(1)­7, 8, 13­15; 3 F, KS 04­2(17)­3­5. DNA vouchers are deposited in the NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Diagnosis. Anopheles kleini has the following diagnostic features. Adult female. Maxillary palpus with palpomere 3 having narrow basal pale band about as wide as pale bands of other palpomeres (like An. belenrae); vein Cu2 with apical pale fringe spot (like An. sinensis, An. sineroides, An. pullus, but unlike An. belenrae and An. lesteri); subcostal pale (SCP) spot narrow; humeral crossveins without scales (unlike An. pseudosinensis); midcoxa with upper patch of pale scales (like An. sinensis and An. belenrae, but unlike An. lesteri); hindtarsomeres 1–4 with narrow apical pale bands, hindtarsomere 4 without basal pale band (unlike An. peditaeniatus). Adult male. Male genitalia with dorsal lobe of claspette having 3 closely appressed setae of about equal length. Aedeagus with 5 leaflets on each side; 2 most mesal leaflets with broader transparent inner margins than other leaflets. Tergum IX bare, with pair of caudally directed elongate capitate lobes. Pupa. Trumpet with thin, lightly serrated pale brown rim (like An. sinensis and An. belenrae, and unlike An. lesteri having thick serrated rim). Wing sheath with distinct rows of round dark spots (like An. sinensis and An. belenrae, and unlike An. lesteri having checkered dark stripes). Setae 9­III­VII single, with narrowly rounded apex (like An. lesteri and An. belenrae); seta 5­V with 5–13 branches. Larva. Setae 2­C, 3, 5­M single; 3­P single or forked; 3­C with 11–23 branches; 4­M with 3–8 erect branches; 9­M about 1.5x length of 10­M, T; 5­III with 9–13 branches; 9­III with 5–11 branches; 13­IV with 4–9 branches; 1­X strong, single less than length of saddle (unlike An. lesteri about 2x or more longer than the saddle); pecten with 8–9 long spines and 10–17 short spines.
Etymology. The species is named after Colonel Terry A. Klein, medical entomologist, for his numerous contributions to mosquito research in Asia.
Remarks. The specimens used in this study were progeny reared from adults that were collected in cow sheds at villages with rice paddies. Nothing is known about the natural habitats of the immature stages. The ribosomal DNA ITS2 sequence of An. kleini is provided by Li et al. (2005, Figure 1, Anopheles “unknown 2”).
description: Published as part of Rueda, Leopoldo M., 2005, Two new species of Anopheles (Anopheles) Hyrcanus Group (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Republic of South Korea, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 941 on pages 13-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171166