cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for the regulation of endothelin-1 mRNA stability by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Creators: name: Neal, Jacob P.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: endothelin-1
GAPDH
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
mRNA stability

description: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) plays a key role in vascular homeostasis by modulating expression levels of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1). Elevated ET-1 levels are associated with vascular diseases, and ET-1 expression is tightly regulated via GAPDH-mediated destabilization of its mRNA. Recent studies suggest GAPDH binding of adenine-uridine rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the ET-1 gene leads to decreased mRNA stability. However, structural and mechanistic details underlying the GAPDH-mediated control of ET-1 expression are lacking. We sought to elucidate the structural and mechanistic details for the GAPDH-induced destabilization of ET-1 mRNA via electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and x-ray crystallography. To identify specific GAPDH binding sequences, we constructed short RNA transcripts of the putative mRNA binding region. Utilizing ITC and EMSA, we obtained dissociation constants. We attempted crystallization of GAPDH bound to various oligonucleotides. Ultimately, we aim to solve the co-crystal structures for these ET-1 mRNA constructs with GAPDH. These studies provide the first molecular basis for structure-based drug design, leading to the development of novel molecules that specifically target ET-1 mRNA.
'Never Again': The Impulse to Commemorate the Holocaust at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the British Imperial War Museum
Creators: name: Ball, Bailey McGuire
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Great Britain
Holocaust
Museums
National Identity
Public History
United States

description: ABSTRACT Title of Document: NEVER AGAIN: THE IMPULSE TO COMMEMORATE THE HOLOCAUST AT THE UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM AND THE BRITISH IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM  Bailey McGuire Ball, Master of Arts, May 2011  Directed by Dr. Rebecca Boehling, Associate Professor, Department of History This thesis examines the evolution of Holocaust consciousness in the United States and Great Britain in the second half of the twentieth century and the resulting commemorative efforts that emerged from what both countries felt to be a `moral obligation' to commemorate the Holocaust, a non-national event, in state-sponsored national museums due to its `universal implications.' The decision to commemorate the Holocaust in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the British Imperial War Museum led to unique problems of promoting national identity and pride, which national museums traditionally do, alongside an accurate historical narrative of the Holocaust. This study investigates the methods used by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the British Imperial War Museum to present to a public audience a narrative of an event that did not occur on national soil but that involved their own nation's culpability in the events of the Holocaust. Incorporating good and bad aspects of the American and British role in the Holocaust into a national museum narrative represents a new model for how to include national shortcomings in museum narratives. This new approach has influenced numerous new museums as they commemorate the history of discrimination toward various ethnic groups and inglorious transnational and international events.
Precious light : the potential of digital lighting technologies for lamp design in the context of contemporary gold and silversmithing practice
Creators: name: Lee, Cinnamon
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: NK2115.5.L5 L44 2010
subject: Design and technology
subject: Lamps Design
subject: Electric lighting Design
subject: Lighting, Architectural and decorative

description: [v. 1]. Sub-thesis. Essay 1. Digital whitegoods : micro-electronics and the 'Mac aesthetic' -- Essay 2. Shifting light : the transformational significance of the electric light bulb in twentieth century lamp design -- [v. 2]. Exegesis
title: Numerical homogenization of second gradient, linear elastic constitutive models for cubic 3D beam-lattice metamaterials
Creators: name: Weeger, Oliver
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description: Generalized continuum mechanical theories such as second gradient elasticity can consider size and localization effects, which motivates their use for multiscale modeling of periodic lattice structures and metamaterials. For this purpose, a numerical homogenization method for computing the effective second gradient constitutive models of cubic lattice metamaterials in the infinitesimal deformation regime is introduced here. Based on the modeling of lattice unit cells as shear-deformable 3D beam structures, the relationship between effective macroscopic strain and stress measures and the microscopic boundary deformations and rotations is derived. From this Hill–Mandel condition, admissible kinematic boundary conditions for the homogenization are concluded. The method is numerically verified and applied to various lattice unit cell types, where the influence of cell type, cell size and aspect ratio on the effective constitutive parameters of the linear elastic second gradient model is investigated and discussed. To facilitate their use in multiscale simulations with second gradient linear elasticity, these effective constitutive coefficients are parameterized in terms of the aspect ratio of the lattices structures.
Monolithically Integrated Photonic Devices for Reconfigurable Metro-optical Network
Creators: name: Zhu, Zhonghua
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: integrated photonics
metro network
planar lightwave circuit
reconfigurable optical network
silicon photonics
wavelength selective switch

description: The main focus of this dissertation is to explore the planar lightwave circuitry (PLC) based photonics integration that can be used as optical switching subsystem such as a reconfigurable optical add and drop multiplexer (ROADM) and wavelength selective switch (WSS). Performance evaluations of key optical parameters of ROADM and WSS are also accomplished for a reconfigurable metro mesh optical network. A PLC ROADM or WSS are made of wavelength multiplexer/de-multiplexer and a switching fabric, which are constructed by waveguide couplings, waveguide bends and waveguide crossings. In this dissertation, first, generalized optimization schemes for waveguide crossing and low-insertion loss AWG are proposed, which are applicable to different PLC (index difference) materials. Devices based on silica-on-silicon material (=0.78% and =1.5%) and Silicon Oxynitride materials (=17%) have been made and tested to compare with the theoretical simulation results. Next, monolithically integrated 2-degree ROADM and 8-Degree WSS devices are designed and fabricated. The first 2D-ROADM is to support 4 color-less add drop ports and 40 wavelengths, the 2nd 2D-ROADM is expandable to support 21 wavelengths. The network applications enabled by this expandable design is discussed. The WSS is to support 40 wavelength and 8 network MUX/DEMUX ports. An efficient scheme by multiple path interference (MPI) information in the output signals to pinpoint the defect region for a large scale integrated photonic devices proposed. The last part focuses on the performance evaluation of optical switching system in a reconfigurable metro optical network. A statistical methodology is proposed to evaluate the penalty of the receiver optical signal to noise ratio (R-OSNR). Real device statistical information is employed and the model is verified by the field measurement of OSNR penalty.
Meeting in the Middle In Maryland: How International and Domestic Politics Collided Along Route 40
Creators: name: Wassink, Faith Noelle
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: Civil Rights
Congress of Racial Equality
Desegregation
Maryland
Route 40
Special Protocol Service Section

description: In 1961, African and Asian diplomats traveled Route 40 frequently between their United Nation's offices and their Washington D.C. offices. Many of the eateries along the Maryland section of the highway practiced segregation, causing a storm of international media coverage and criticism in the fall of 1961. As a result, the State Department created a special office, the Special Protocol Service Section (SPSS), under the auspices of the Department of Protocol. Pedro Sanjuan, head of the SPSS, used his position to promote desegregation along Route 40. When State Department intervened in the Maryland debate over accommodations, CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) used the opportunity to promote an open accommodations bill. Maryland had a long history of integrated activism and the Route 40 campaign is one in a history of campaigns to gain equal access to restaurants, stores, and other places of business. CORE planned a freedom ride in order to help end segregation along the highway. Students from the east coast, divided into two caravans, volunteered to leave simultaneously from opposite sides of Route 40, Baltimore City line and the Delaware State line, on November 11, 1961. According to plan, the riders would stop at different eateries until they met in the middle, unless the restaurants voluntarily desegregated. Although the Maryland General Assembly failed to pass state-wide open accommodations legislation, most restaurant owners along the Route 40 corridor in Maryland voluntarily desegregated by February 1962, as a result of the numerous forces pressing for change on Route 40.
Men in support groups: why they keep coming back
Creators: name: Knopp, Peter Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This was an exploratory study which used Flanagan's critical incident technique to discover the needs being met for men by involvement in men's support groups. The ten participants, representing four different groups, were enlisted by personal contact and by word of mouth referrals. All had participated in a men's group for at least two years at the time of the interviews. Analysis of the taped interviews resulted in a list of needs which were important to the men in these groups. Upon comparison to the theoretical expectations, it was found that having fun, accomplishing something, and experiencing an appropriate balance of supportive and challenging processes had not been previously described as important aspects of group process. Another surprising finding was how important it was to men to establish friendships through their group involvement. These results may assist those planning groups and courses to structure them in ways that are more appealing to, and more satisfying for, male participants.
Linked Data for Software Security Concepts and Vulnerability Descriptions
Creators: name: Joshi, Arnav Prabodh
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: CVE
cybersecurity
linked data
NVD
ontology
RDF

description: The Web is typically our first source of information about new software vulnerabilities, exploits and cyber-attacks. Information is found in semi-structured vulnerability databases as well as in text from security bulletins, news reports, cybersecurity blogs and Internet chat rooms. It can be useful to cybersecurity systems if there is a way to recognize and extract relevant information and represent it as easily shared and integrated semantic data. We describe such an automatic framework that generates and publishes a RDF linked data representation of cybersecurity concepts and vulnerability descriptions extracted from the National Vulnerability Database and other text sources. Entities, relations and concepts are represented using custom ontologies for the cybersecurity domain and also mapped to objects in the DBpedia knowledge base, producing a rich resource of machine-understandable linked data. The resulting cybersecurity linked data collection can be used for many purposes, including automating early vulnerability identification, mitigation and prevention efforts.
High diversity of Fusarium species associated with native and forage grasses
Creators: name: Costa, Marileide M.
name: Groenewald, Johannes Z.
name: Crous, Pedro W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Poster presented by Marileide Costa at the 12th International Mycological Congress, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 11-15 August 2024.
A stringent upper limit of the PH$_3$ abundance at the cloud top of Venus
Creators: name: Encrenaz, T.
name: Greathouse, T. K.
name: Marcq, E.
name: Widemann, T.
name: Bézard, B.
name: Fouchet, T.
name: Giles, R.
name: Sagawa, H.
name: Greaves, J.
name: Sousa-Silva, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the announcement of the detection of phosphine (PH$_3$) in the cloud deck of Venus at millimeter wavelengths, we have searched for other possible signatures of this molecule in the infrared range. Since 2012, we have been observing Venus in the thermal infrared at various wavelengths to monitor the behavior of SO$_2$ and H$_2$O at the cloud top. We have identified a spectral interval recorded in March 2015 around 950 cm$^{-1}$ where a PH$_3$ transition is present. From the absence of any feature at this frequency, we derive, on the disk-integrated spectrum, a 3-$σ$ upper limit of 5 ppbv for the PH$_3$ mixing ratio, assumed to be constant throughout the atmosphere. This limit is 4 times lower than the disk-integrated mixing ratio derived at millimeter wavelengths. Our result brings a strong constraint on the maximum PH$_3$ abundance at the cloud top and in the lower mesosphere of Venus.
description: Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press
Towards understanding the molecular details of beta-amyloid neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease
Creators: name: Keshet, Ben
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: beta amyloid
fibril
inhibitors
oligomer
structure
toxicity

description: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia.  AD fatalities are constantly increasing, so are the financial costs associated with the disease.  Despite significant scientific advancements during the last 20 years in understanding the disease, there are still no approved drugs available that slow or reverse AD progression.  AD is thought be initiated by the accumulation of the ?-Amyloid (A?) peptide in the brain, which aggregates extracellularly to form neurotoxic species.  A? eventually forms insoluble fibrillar senile plaque, though certain forms of soluble aggregated oligomers are believed to be more toxic.  One of the main barriers to curing AD is the lack of understanding of A? toxicity.  Two critical issues in elucidating mechanism of A? toxicity are identifying the cellular damage induced by A?, and elucidating the surfaces or amino acids of A? that are key for the interaction with cells. In the work presented in this dissertation we attempted to answer the latter, and contributed new information to our molecular understanding of A? neurotoxicity.  We have identified differences in the structure of Arg5 between A? fibrils and the toxic oligomers.  This is one of only a few molecular differences identified so far between the less toxic fibrils and the highly toxic oligomers, thus we suggest that this region may be important for A? biological activity.  We then showed that alterations of A? around Arg5 change the propensity of A? to bind to cells.  In the following chapter, using a simplified diffusion-limited reaction model for the interaction of A? with cells, we demonstrated that differences in the toxicity of A? aggregates with different sizes can be explained, at least partially, based on the diffusivity and concentration of species.  We then used a combination of computational and experimental tools, to elucidate the A? binding sites of known toxicity inhibitors as a means to indirectly identify loci on A? aggregates that may be important for A? neurotoxicity.  Our data indicates that despite their structural differences, the inhibitors bind at two common loci on A?, near Lys28 and near the C-terminus.  We then explored the possible role of Lys28 in A? cell binding.  We also launched a structure-based virtual screening to discover novel small molecular weight inhibitors that can bind at the two loci identified, and potentially inhibit A? biological activity.  The results of our work provide new information that contributes to our understanding of A? neurotoxicity, and provides a foundation for the development of novel therapies for AD.
Working on Many Levels: A History of Second-Wave Feminism in Baltimore
Creators: name: Zanoni, Amy
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Baltimore
interconnected movements
place-based history
second-wave feminism
socialist feminism
social movements

description: This thesis is a place-based social and intellectual history of the second-wave feminist movement that lived and worked in Waverly and Charles Village, two adjacent neighborhoods in northeastern Baltimore. 'Working on Many Levels:' Second-Wave Feminism in Baltimore investigates the events and institutions organized and created by feminist and other social movement actors, and analyzes the political content of their activism and discourse. Sources include oral history interviews, underground and mainstream newspaper articles, and a plethora of archival materials including neighborhood studies, feminist organization meeting minutes, position papers, flyers, and more. The thesis argues that the largely white self-defined feminism that emerged and grew up in Baltimore, in this neighborhood in the northeastern part of the city, through its interactions with others and with place, became a staunchly antiracist socialist feminism that did not insist on gender as the primary oppression and instead incorporated gender, race, and sexuality into its anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist analysis. Through their involvement with antiwar and black liberation organizing in Baltimore and elsewhere, the feminists cultivated an increasingly militant political analysis that came to view gender, racial, sexual, and economic struggles as inextricably linked. The feminists rooted themselves and enacted their politics in this mixed-income and mixed-race neighborhood in Baltimore during a period of economic decline, instead of fleeing to the suburbs like much of the city's white population. Further, they recognized the tendency of white leftist organizations to create insular communities of privilege sheltered from an oppressive society, and so created accessible institutions and ideologically sound organizing bodies that worked to embody their politics but also to serve the community. In this neighborhood, these institutions and projects included a the first nationally distributed second-wave feminist journal, Women: A Journal of Liberation, the People's Free Medical Clinic, a couple of food co-ops, a Lesbian Community Center, Bread an Roses Coffee House, the women's 31st Street Bookstore, a daycare called Red Wagon Child Center, and more. These prefigurative institutions were seen as only a part of a greater societal transformation, but served to help people survive in the meantime.  `Working on Many Levels' recounts how these feminists formulated (and re-formulated) a politics that refused universality and equality, and instead embraced difference and proponed justice, responding to issues that came up throughout the course of their organizational life.
Information Extraction of Security related entities and concepts from unstructured text
Creators: name: Lal, Ravendar
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Cybersecurity
NLP

description: Cyber Security has been a big concern especially in past one decade where it is witnessed that targets ranging from large number of internet users to government agencies are being attacked because of vulnerabilities present in the system. Even though these vulnerabilities are identified and published publicly but response has always been slow in covering up these vulnerabilities because there is no automatic mechanism to understand and process this unstructured text that is published on internet. Our system will be tackling this problem of processing unstructured text by identifying the security related terms including entities and concepts from various unstructured data sources. This information extraction task will help expediting the process of understanding and realizing the vulnerabilities and thus making systems secure at faster rate. This work will be describing a system that automatically extracts the terms from Cybersecurity blogs and security bulletins using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and text mining methods. Our NLP model is trained on manually annotated data using open-ended blogs and more structured text like company's official security bulletins. This manually annotated data is unique of its kind since no such previous work has been done using this methodology and it can be a significant contribution for people working in this domain. Our named entity recognition model is trained on conditional random fields (CRFs) based Stanford NER. This automation system will be able to help administrators of organizations and governments to prioritize the task of beefing up their security and moreover track unofficial data sources like chat rooms and twitter for zero day attacks.
Equiconvergence theorems for differential operators
Creators: name: Minkin, Arkadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34L10, 47E05 (Primary) 47F05 (Secondary)

description: We expose the most advanced equiconvergence results for Birkhoff- and Stone-regular differential operators and present also author's approach to this problem. We give a full proof of equiconvergence on the whole interval, which constitutes a true generalization of the Tamarkin-Stone theorem.
description: 71 pages, no figures, latex2e. Chapters 1,2 of my survey, handwritten chapters 3,4 excluded
Directional emission of down-converted photons from a dielectric nano-resonator
Creators: name: Nikolaeva, Anna
name: Frizyuk, Kristina
name: Olekhno, Nikita
name: Solntsev, Alexander
name: Petrov, Mihail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Creation of correlated photon pairs is one of the key topics in contemporary quantum optics. Here, we theoretically describe the generation of photon pairs in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a resonant spherical nanoparticle made of a dielectric material with bulk $χ^{(2)}$ nonlinearity. We pick the nanoparticle size that satisfies the condition of resonant eigenmodes described by Mie theory. We reveal that highly directional photon-pair generation can be observed utilising the nonlinear Kerker-type effect, and that this regime provides useful polarisation correlations.
Elicitation on aspect marking
Creators: name: Carrillo Godínez, Silvia Lucrecia
name: Scott, Tessa
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mam

description: This is a remote video interview held using Zoom.

The elicitation focuses on aspect marking.

In this file bundle: 1 Zoom audio/video recording, 1 Zoom chat file, 1 pdf of typed notes.
The More Personal Civil War: The Impact of the Civil War on Maryland Marriages
Creators: name: Cascio, Brigette Nicole
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: Civil War
Marriages
Maryland
Women

description: The More Personal Civil Warexamines the impact of an external factor, the Civil War, on the internal harmony of the household. Specifically, this study determines how Maryland marriages were impacted by the Civil War through the use of letters and diaries written by two Maryland couples and one couple that resided in Maryland for a significant portion of the war. The goal of this thesis is to take a deeper look into the social nature of marriage and the household. Specifically, this study analyzes the ultimate impact of the war on the marriage and family opposed to the examination of the marriage or family's impact on the war. This study examines the marriages of James and Amanda Stepter, William and Tillie Sterling, and Madge and William Preston. Through the use of their correspondence, Madge Preston's diary, and other scholarly works, this study determines that the experiences of Maryland men and women were very similar to many other more distinguished marriages. Also, that even though the experiences of the Civil War were often judged based on region or allegiance it is clear that similar experiences and rationale were apparent regardless of these two factors. Therefore, class and personality generally influenced the experiences of couples more so than their location.
Submillimeter Line Emission from LMC N159W: a Dense, Clumpy PDR in a Low Metallicity Environment
Creators: name: Pineda, J. L.
name: Mizuno, N.
name: Stutzki, J.
name: Cubick, M.
name: Aravena, M.
name: Bensch, F.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Bronfman, L.
name: Fujishita, K.
name: Graf, U. U.
name: Hitschfeld, M.
name: Honingh, N.
name: Jakob, H.
name: Jacobs, K.
name: Kawamura, A.
name: Klein, U.
name: Kramer, C.
name: May, J.
name: Miller, M.
name: Mizuno, Y.
name: Müller, P.
name: Onishi, T.
name: Ossenkopf, V.
name: Rabanus, D.
name: Röllig, M.
name: Rubio, M.
name: Sasago, H.
name: Schieder, R.
name: Simon, R.
name: Sun, K.
name: Volgenau, N.
name: Yamamoto, H.
name: Fukui, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation at earlier cosmological times takes place in an interstellar medium with low metallicity. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is ideally suited to study star formation in such an environment. The physical and chemical state of the ISM in a star forming environment can be constrained by observations of submm and FIR spectral lines of the main carbon carrying species, CO, CI and CII, which originate in the surface layers of molecular clouds illuminated by the UV radiation of the newly formed, young stars. We present high-angular resolution sub-millimeter observations in the N159W region in the LMC obtained with the NANTEN2 telescope of the 12CO J = 4-3, J = 7-6, and 13CO J = 4-3 rotational and [CI] 3P1-3P0 and 3P2-3P1 fine-structure transitions. The 13CO J =4-3 and [CI] 3P2-3P1 transitions are detected for the first time in the LMC. We derive the physical and chemical properties of the low-metallicity molecular gas using an escape probability code and a self-consistent solution of the chemistry and thermal balance of the gas in the framework of a clumpy cloud PDR model. The separate excitation analysis of the submm CO lines and the carbon fine structure lines shows that the emitting gas in the N159W region has temperatures of about 80 K and densities of about 10^4 cm^-3. The estimated C to CO abundance ratio close to unity is substantially higher than in dense massive star-forming regions in the Milky Way. The analysis of all observed lines together, including the [CII] line intensity reported in the literature, in the context of a clumpy cloud PDR model constrains the UV intensity to about χ~220 and an average density of the clump ensemble of about 10^5 cm^-3, thus confirming the presence of high density material in the LMC N159W region.
description: Accepted for publication to A&A. 14 pages, 7 figures (3 in Color), 3 tables. A version with high resolution figures available at http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~jopineda/pega/n159w_paper.pdf
High Power Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Array For Standoff Photoacoustic Chemical Detection
Creators: name: Chen, Xing
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013

description: Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are compact, portable, powerful semiconductor laser sources with emission wavelengths from mid-infrared (mid-IR) to terahertz (THz) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Mid-IR (i.e. wavelengths from 3 to 20 ?m) QCLs are of great importance in a wide range of applications such as trace gas sensing, environmental monitoring, free space communication, medical diagnosis and so on. High power QCLs are particularly important to applications such as infrared counter measure (IRCM) and standoff chemical detections. In such applications, the system performances critically depend on the amount of power a QCL can produce. This dissertation includes two major studies: the first part of the dissertation includes design, fabrication and characterization of high power mid-IR QCL arrays; the second part involves standoff chemical detection using QCLs as laser sources and photoacoustic effect as sensing technologies.  In the first part of the dissertation, we design, fabricate and characterize multi-emitter QCL arrays consisting of multiple narrow laser stripes. Simulation results indicate that the proposed multi-emitter laser arrays present much better thermal performance than a broad area laser device, while having the same thermal management ability as a single narrow stripe device. We have successfully fabricated edge emitting and surface emitting QCL arrays with 5 and 16 emitters. Experimental results show that, with the same laser cavity length, a QCL array with 5 emitters produces over 3 times more power than a single emitter laser device. QCL array with 16 emitters generates about 4 W output peak power at wavelength ~7.9 ?m. We have also fabricated surface emitting QCL arrays and demonstrated single mode emission. The second part of the dissertation involves using high power mid-IR QCLs to perform standoff chemical detections based on photoacoustic sensing technologies. Photoacoustic effect is a light-matter interaction effect that involves generation of acoustic waves when a medium absorbs electromagnetic energy from light. It has been known as a sensitive spectroscopic technique for chemical sensing.  Standoff photoacoustic chemical detection with distance more than 41 feet using quantum cascade laser operated at relatively low power, less than 40 mW, is demonstrated. A theoretical model is developed for pulsed laser photoacoustic effect in open-air environment. The standoff photoacoustic signal can be calibrated as a function of different parameters such as laser pulse energy, gas vapor concentration and detection distance. The results yield good agreements with theoretical model. Standoff detection of solid phase explosive chemicals has also been demonstrated by the use of an ultra-sensitive microphone and acoustic reflector. More than 8 feet detection distance is obtained for standoff photoacoustic sensing of explosives.
THE HISTORY OF KINDERGARTEN IN BALTIMORE CITY,   MARYLAND
Creators: name: Watts, Nancy
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: Baltimore
History
Kindergarten

description: ABSTRACT History Department. Kindergarten was originally designed in 1837 to create social interaction and learning through play, became a sculpting tool for political issues at the turn of the twentieth century.  This thesis explores how the changing racial and ethnic demographic of students in Baltimore affected policies related to kindergarten in the city. It shows kindergarten as a tool for social activism under the guise of teaching American patriotism.  This thesis uses government legislation and secondary sources to show how education was influenced by increased immigration and segregation in Baltimore City during the mid-twentieth century.   The significance of this thesis lies in its exposure of class, ethnic, and racial stratification in education at its most basic level; class in this regard refers to socioeconomic status influenced by ethnicity and race. Kindergarten, while being promoted as a way to blend cultures in a changing society, actually reinforced the disparity among classes by allowing elites to capitalize on their fears related to these differing cultures.
Efficient Gossip Computations in Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Ghumare, Roshan Ramesh
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Castalia
Distributed Average Consensus
Gossip
Wireless Sensor Network

description: We consider the implementation issues that arise in gossip-based distributed average consensus (DAC) algorithms for wireless sensor networks (WSN) with nodes operating at low duty cycles(1-5%). Gossip protocols provide a robust mechanism to handle the unreliability in communication arising due to the dynamic nature of WSNs. We present a practical implementation with improvements over simple gossip protocol that achieves DAC in low duty cycle WSNs. Our implementation deals with problems due to deployment, neighbor discovery, scheduling, convergence detection, and adaptability in a dynamic and changing WSN. Our implementation uses the Castalia simulation framework but it can be adapted to any other simulation framework or other WSN platform.  We show that the proposed implementation techniques effectively solve these problems and demonstrate significant performance improvements for practical distributed consensus.
Tailoring of motional states in double-well potentials by time-dependent processes
Creators: name: Harkonen, Kari
name: Karki, Ollijuhani
name: Suominen, Kalle-Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the vibrational state tailoring method developed for molecular systems can be applied for cold atoms in optical lattices. The original method is based on a three-level model interacting with two strong laser pulses in a counterintuitive sequence [M. Rodriguez et al., Phys. Rev. A 62, 053413 (2000)]. Here we outline the conditions for achieving similar dynamics with single time-dependent potential surfaces. It is shown that guided switching between diabatic and adiabatic evolution has an essential role in this system. We also show that efficient and precise tailoring of motional states in optical lattices can be achieved, for instance, simply by superimposing two lattices and moving them with respect to each other.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, 25 references; accepted to PRA; v2: minor explanatory remarks added & typos corrected
Slavery and Free Black Labor in Northern Maryland, 1762-1864: Rethinking the Focus at Hampton National Historic Site
Creators: name: Van Natta, Carol Marie
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Baltimore
free black
Hampton
National Park Service
Ridgely
slavery

description: Interpreting Hampton National Historic Site as a plantation allows us to recognize important things about the Ridgely family, placing the Ridgelys' social, political, and economic situation in context. Consideration of the use of enslaved labor changes the story told at Hampton NHS. This thesis provides the site interpreters with an ipod tour that encourages visitors to explore the site's history through three compelling historical documents. The first document, a resignation letter, is from Charles Ridgely's estate doctor who cared for the enslaved and free laborers at Northampton Furnace; it exposes and explores the widespread system of slavery in the late 1700s, existing in industry as well as agriculture and the North as well as the South. The second document, a codicil to the will of Hampton's second master, highlights the widespread practice of gradual abolition and the motives of slave owners in putting such a system into place. The third document reveals tidbits about the life of Nancy Davis, a woman whose service to the Ridgely family both before and after emancipation conveys the experience of the other African Americans at Hampton and throughout the United States. The three documents cover three different topics and time periods, highlighting the many aspects of slavery and freedom on the Hampton plantation and in the surrounding area. Yet, the documents uncover the complexity of the subjects of slavery and freedom and the need to label Hampton as an industrial plantation in order to bring forward the story of all who lived and worked on the plantation in order to offer a more complete understanding of the history of Hampton, Maryland, and the United States.
Peculiar chemical bonding between thorium and a carbon hexagon in carbon nanomaterials
Creators: name: Bibikov, A. V.
name: Nikolaev, A. V.
name: Tkalya, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore an unusual nature of chemical bonding of the thorium atom with a ring of six carbon atoms (hexagon) in novel carbon materials. Our ab initio calculations of Th-based metallofullerenes (Th@C60, Th@C20) and Th bound to benzene or coronene at the Hartree-Fock level with the second order perturbation (MP2) correction accounting for the van der Waals interactions, demonstrate that the optimal position of the thorium atom is where it faces the center of a hexagon and is located at a distance of 2.01-2.07 A from the center. For Th encapsulated in C60 it is found at 2.01 A, whereas the other local energy minima are shifted to larger energies (0.22 eV and higher). Inside C60 the highest local minimum at 1.17 eV is observed when Th faces the center of the five member carbon ring (pentagon). Based on our calculations for Th with benzene and coronene where the global minimum for Th corresponds to its position at 2.05 A (benzene) or 2.02 A (coronene) from the hexagon center, we conclude that a well pronounced minimum is likely to present in graphene and in a single wall carbon nanotube. The ground state of Th is singlet, other high spin states (triplet and quintet) lie higher in energy (> 1.62 eV). We discuss a potential use of the carbon nanomaterials with the 229Th isotope having the nuclear transition of the optical range, for metrological purposes.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Detection Performance and Computational Complexity of Radar Compressive Sensing for Noisy Signals
Creators: name: Korde, Asmita
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013

description: In recent years, compressive sensing has received a lot of attention due to its ability to reduce the sampling bandwidth, yet reproduce a good reconstructed signal back. Compressive sensing is a new theory of sampling which allows the reconstruction of a sparse signal by sampling at a much lower rate than the Nyquist rate. This concept can be applied to several imaging and detection techniques. In this thesis, we explore the use of compressive sensing for radar applications. By using this technique in radar, the use of matched filter can be eliminated and high rate sampling can be replaced with low rate sampling. We analyze compressive sensing in the context of radar by applying varying factors such as noise and different measurement matrices. Different reconstruction algorithms are compared by generating Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to determine their detection performance, which in turn are also compared against a traditional radar system. Computational complexity and MATLAB run time are also measured for the different algorithms. We also propose an algorithm called Simplified Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, which works well in noisy environments and has a very low computational complexity.
Gestalten prophetischer Mission - ihre Licht- und Schattenseiten: Mohandas K. Gandhi und Mutter Teresa
Creators: name: Dehn, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 70 Nr. 4 (2021): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 70, Heft 4
MULTICAST ROUTING WITH BYZANTINE ROBUSTNESS
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Debdatta
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Byzantine
Multicast
Node-disjoint
Routing

description: Network problems arise when nodes behave in arbitrary ways such as sending malformed messages, sending incorrect messages or not forwarding messages at all to other nodes in the network. These faults are called Byzantine failures. In a real network, these faults can be a result of hardware failure, cyber-attacks or network congestion. Due to the serious problems these faults can cause, it becomes important to make the network robust against them, so that the network continues to operate properly or degrades in an acceptable way in the presence of such faults. In this thesis, we propose methods that include multiple node disjoint path calculations and robust flooding to find byzantine-free multicast trees. By finding such trees, we can guarantee the delivery of the messages from a source to a particular multicast group.
Fidelity and Entanglement of a Spatially Extended Linear Three-Qubit Register
Creators: name: Doll, Roland
name: Wubs, Martijn
name: Kohler, Sigmund
name: Hanggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study decoherence of a three-qubit array coupled to substrate phonons. Assuming an initial three-qubit entangled state that would be decoherence-free for identical qubit positions, allows us to focus on non-Markovian effects of the inevitable spatial qubit separation. It turns out that the coherence is most affected when the qubits are regularly spaced. Moreover, we find that up to a constant scaling factor, two-qubit entanglement is not influenced by the presence f the third qubit, even though all qubits interact via the phonon field.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Constraints on Light Dark Matter From Core-Collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: Fayet, Pierre
name: Hooper, Dan
name: Sigl, Gunter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that light ($\simeq$ 1 -- 30 MeV) dark matter particles can play a significant role in core-collapse supernovae, if they have relatively large annihilation and scattering cross sections, as compared to neutrinos. We find that if such particles are lighter than $\simeq$ 10 MeV and reproduce the observed dark matter relic density, supernovae would cool on a much longer time scale and would emit neutrinos with significantly smaller energies than in the standard scenario, in disagreement with observations. This constraint may be avoided, however, in certain situations for which the neutrino--dark matter scattering cross sections remain comparatively small.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Rivals or Kindred Spirits? Mary Todd Lincoln, Katharine (Kate) Jane Chase, and their Parallel Lives
Creators: name: Gradia, Nina Mae
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: Civil War
Gender
Kate Chase
Mary Lincoln
Nineteenth Century
Womanhood

description: Mary Lincoln and Kate Chase Sprague became rivals while Mary lived in the White House as President Abraham Lincoln's wife and Kate, Salmon Chase's, daughter, served as his hostess in Washington. Chase was a Governor of Ohio, a United States Senator, Treasury Secretary, and Supreme Court Chief Justice. This paper will draw a comparison between Mary and Kate during their childhoods with particular interest in the early deaths of their mothers that appear to have left gaping emotional holes in their lives that colored their adult relationships. It will also focus on them as adults, in marriage, and their ambitions that reflect the growing trends of women who yearned for love-laden marriages and more participation in the public sphere during the nineteenth century. During their youths, both women longed for emotional security, and, in later years, their needs turned toward gaining financial security. Two illustration pages accompany this thesis.
Electromagnetic Excitation of Rotating Black Holes and Relativistic Jets
Creators: name: Burinskii, A.
name: Elizalde, E.
name: Hildebrandt, S. R.
name: Magli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that electromagnetic excitations of rotating black holes can lead to the appearance of narrow singular beams which break up the black hole horizon forming a tube-like region which connects the interior and exterior. It is argued that this effect may be at the origin of jet formation.
description: 4 pages, 2 figs. Talk at the Int. Conf. on Gravitation, Cosmology, Astrophysics and Nonstationary Gas Dynamics, dedicated to Prof. K.P. Staniukovich's 90th birthday, Moscow, 2-6 March 2006
Advocacy zwischen religiösem Deutungsanspruch und anwaltlichem Handeln
Creators: name: Beckmann, Gabriele
name: Schröder, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 70 Nr. 4 (2021): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 70, Heft 4
The experience of underemployment for female university graduates: a phenomenological study
Creators: name: Genschorek, Charlotte Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of underemployment for female university graduates. In this investigation, the term underemployment was used to refer to the underutilization of one's formal education on the job, also known as overeducation. Borgen, Amundson, and Harder's (1988) definition of underemployment was adapted for use in this study: Participants were considered underemployed if they possessed more formal education than required to perform the duties of jobs held at the time of the study (as determined by 1993 National Occupational Classification [NOC] skill levels) and if they felt overeducated for their work. An opportunistic sample of 10 women was gathered through referrals, personal contacts, networking, and active recruitment. To participate, co-researchers met several criteria, including but not limited to being: (a) female, (b) university graduates with at least Bachelors' degrees, (c) objectively and subjectively underemployed (as defined in this thesis), and (d) living and working in the lower-mainland. In terms of design, a phenomenological approach was used. Data was collected through unstructured, open interviews. To extract common themes of experience from the protocols, Giorgi's (1975a, 1975b, 1985) phenomenological analysis procedures were followed. A general structural description of this experience was generated from the findings. Final results were compared with existing literature and implications for counselling theory, research, and practice were offered. Rather than relying on male-based data, the researcher hopes this information will help counsellors develop more appropriate models and interventions with which to assist underemployed female university graduates.
Letter from the Manager of the Royal Bank of Canada in Vernon, B.C., to the Rainbow Ranche, July 7, 1909
Creators: name: Canada, Royal Bank Of
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to the Rainbow Ranche from the manager of the Royal Bank in Vernon, B.C., dated July 7, 1909, regarding documents sent by J.E. McAllister to the Bank for safekeeping.