cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exercise as effective as surgery in improving quality of life, disability, and pain for large to massive rotator cuff tears: A systematic review & meta-analysis
Creators: name: Fahy, Kathryn
name: Galvin, Rose
name: Lewis, Jeremy
name: Mc Creesh, Karen
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Questions: To report the characteristics of exercise interventions and ascertain their effectiveness compared to surgery on quality of life, disability, and pain for people with large to massive rotator cuff tendon tears (L-MRCTTs). Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Participants: Adults with L-MRCTTs defined as; >5 cm, 2 or more tendons. Intervention: Exercise as an intervention for L-MRCTTs. Outcome measures: Primary: quality of life, disability, and pain. Secondary: range of motion (ROM). The Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) was used to extract data on the individual characteristics of each exercise intervention. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool V2 was used to assess study quality with the certainty of evidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results: Five trials (n = 297 participants, average age 66.7 years, 55% male) were included in analysis. Three trials compared exercise to another non-surgical intervention and 2 trials compared exercise to surgery. At 12 months a significant improvement in pain of 0.47 (95% CI 0.07–0.88, I 2 = 53%, REM) favoured the surgical group and a significant improvement in shoulder external rotation ROM of 9◦ (95% CI 2.16–16.22, I 2 = 0%, FEM) favoured the exercise group. The median CERT score was 7/19 (range 4–12). The certainty of evidence was low or very low across all outcomes. Conclusion: A paucity of high-quality research on the role of exercise in the management of L-MRCTTs exists with substantial discrepancies in the reporting of the exercise interventions in the published research.
Enoxacin-Konzentrationen in der Samenflüssigkeit, im Prostatasekret und im Prostataadenomgewebe nach oraler Gabe oder intravenöser Infusion [Enoxacin concentration in seminal fluid, in prostate secretions and in prostatic adenoma tissue following oral administration or intravenous infusion]
Creators: name: Naber, K. G.
name: Sörgel, F.
name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Schumacher, H.
name: Sigl, G.
name: Zürcher, J.
name: Berger, S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Administration, Oral
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Body Fluids/analysis
subject: Enoxacin/analysis
subject: Humans
subject: Infusions, Intravenous
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Prostate/secretion
subject: Prostatic Hyperplasia/metabolism
subject: Semen/analysis

description: In eleven volunteers and 39 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate or bladder tumor, concentrations of enoxacin were measured in seminal fluid (volunteers), in prostatic fluid (volunteers, patients) and in prostatic adenoma tissue (patients) after oral (400 mg) administration and intravenous (428 mg) infusion (60 min) of enoxacin. Simultaneously 2.534 g of iothalamic acid was i.v. injected to identify possible urinary contamination. The concentrations of enoxacin in seminal fluid after 2-4 h and in prostatic tissue after about 1-4 h and 14-16 h exceeded plasma concentrations more than two-fold. The concentrations in prostatic fluid after 1-4 h were about half the plasma concentrations. Venous blood samples were taken after intravenous infusion at intervals of up to 24 h in a total of 14 patients. The mean plasma concentration of enoxacin decreased from its maximum of 6.9 mg/l at the end of infusion to 0.5 mg/l at 12 h after administration. A terminal half life of 6.65 h was calculated according to an open two-compartment model.
The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Signs of neutrino mass in current cosmological datasets
Creators: name: Beutler, Florian
name: Saito, Shun
name: Brownstein, Joel R.
name: Chuang, Chia-Hsun
name: Cuesta, Antonio J.
name: Percival, Will J.
name: Ross, Ashley J.
name: Ross, Nicholas P.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Samushia, Lado
name: Sánchez, Ariel G.
name: Seo, Hee-Jong
name: Tinker, Jeremy L.
name: Wagner, Christian
name: Weaver, Benjamin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the cosmological implications of the latest growth of structure measurement from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) CMASS Data Release 11 with particular focus on the sum of the neutrino masses, $\sum m_ν$. We examine the robustness of the cosmological constraints from the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale, the Alcock-Paczynski effect and redshift-space distortions ($D_V/r_s$, $F_{\rm AP}$, $fσ_8$) of \citet{Beutler:2013b}, when introducing a neutrino mass in the power spectrum template. We then discuss how the neutrino mass relaxes discrepancies between the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and other low-redshift measurements within $Λ$CDM. Combining our cosmological constraints with WMAP9 yields $\sum m_ν = 0.36\pm0.14\,$eV ($68\%$ c.l.), which represents a $2.6σ$ preference for non-zero neutrino mass. The significance can be increased to $3.3σ$ when including weak lensing results and other BAO constraints, yielding $\sum m_ν = 0.35\pm0.10\,$eV ($68\%$ c.l.). However, combining CMASS with Planck data reduces the preference for neutrino mass to $\sim 2σ$. When removing the CMB lensing effect in the Planck temperature power spectrum (by marginalising over $A_{\rm L}$), we see shifts of $\sim 1σ$ in $σ_8$ and $Ω_m$, which have a significant effect on the neutrino mass constraints. In case of CMASS plus Planck without the $A_{\rm L}$-lensing signal, we find a preference for a neutrino mass of $\sum m_ν = 0.34\pm 0.14\,$eV ($68\%$ c.l.), in excellent agreement with the WMAP9+CMASS value. The constraint can be tightened to $3.4σ$ yielding $\sum m_ν = 0.36\pm 0.10\,$eV ($68\%$ c.l.) when weak lensing data and other BAO constraints are included.
description: 17 pages, 19 figures
Defending against Insertion-based Textual Backdoor Attacks via Attribution
Creators: name: Li, Jiazhao
name: Wu, Zhuofeng
name: Ping, Wei
name: Xiao, Chaowei
name: Vydiswaran, V. G. Vinod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Textual backdoor attack, as a novel attack model, has been shown to be effective in adding a backdoor to the model during training. Defending against such backdoor attacks has become urgent and important. In this paper, we propose AttDef, an efficient attribution-based pipeline to defend against two insertion-based poisoning attacks, BadNL and InSent. Specifically, we regard the tokens with larger attribution scores as potential triggers since larger attribution words contribute more to the false prediction results and therefore are more likely to be poison triggers. Additionally, we further utilize an external pre-trained language model to distinguish whether input is poisoned or not. We show that our proposed method can generalize sufficiently well in two common attack scenarios (poisoning training data and testing data), which consistently improves previous methods. For instance, AttDef can successfully mitigate both attacks with an average accuracy of 79.97% (56.59% up) and 48.34% (3.99% up) under pre-training and post-training attack defense respectively, achieving the new state-of-the-art performance on prediction recovery over four benchmark datasets.
description: Findings of ACL 2023. Camera-ready version
Additional file 3 of Determinants of the implementation of eHealth-based long-term follow-up care for young cancer survivors: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Stamer, Tjorven
name: Traulsen, Pia
name: Rieken, Johannes
name: Schmahl, Teresa
name: Menrath, Ingo
name: Steinhäuser, Jost
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 3
Dictionary Learning over Distributed Models
Creators: name: Chen, Jianshu
name: Towfic, Zaid J.
name: Sayed, Ali H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider learning dictionary models over a network of agents, where each agent is only in charge of a portion of the dictionary elements. This formulation is relevant in Big Data scenarios where large dictionary models may be spread over different spatial locations and it is not feasible to aggregate all dictionaries in one location due to communication and privacy considerations. We first show that the dual function of the inference problem is an aggregation of individual cost functions associated with different agents, which can then be minimized efficiently by means of diffusion strategies. The collaborative inference step generates dual variables that are used by the agents to update their dictionaries without the need to share these dictionaries or even the coefficient models for the training data. This is a powerful property that leads to an effective distributed procedure for learning dictionaries over large networks (e.g., hundreds of agents in our experiments). Furthermore, the proposed learning strategy operates in an online manner and is able to respond to streaming data, where each data sample is presented to the network once.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Experimental evaluation of the nuclear neutron-proton contact
Creators: name: Weiss, Ronen
name: Bazak, Betzalel
name: Barnea, Nir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear neutron-proton contact is introduced, generalizing Tan's work, and evaluated from medium energy nuclear photodisintegration experiments. To this end we reformulate the quasi-deuteron model of nuclear photodisintegration and establish the bridge between the Levinger constant and the contact. Using experimental evaluations of Levinger's constant we extract the value of the neutron-proton contact in finite nuclei and in symmetric nuclear matter. Assuming isospin symmetry we propose to evaluate the neutron-neutron contact through measurement of photonuclear spin correlated neutron-proton pairs.
Chiral perturbation theory for gradient flow observables
Creators: name: Bar, Oliver
name: Golterman, Maarten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the next-to-leading order chiral lagrangian for scalar and pseudo-scalar densities defined using the gradient flow. We calculate the chiral condensate and the pion decay constant to this order from operators at positive flow time, and confirm results obtained earlier in the chiral limit. We also calculate the quark mass dependence of the scales $t_0$ and $w_0$ defined from the scalar gluon density and find that nonanalytic terms in the quark mass only enter at next-to-next-to-leading order.
description: 13 pages, error in Eq. (4.5) fixed, no change in conclusions
Renal mesangium is a target for calcitonin gene-related peptide
Creators: name: Kurtz, Armin
name: Schurek, H. J.
name: Jelkmann, W.
name: Muff, R.
name: Lipp, H. P.
name: Heckmann, U.
name: Eckardt, Kai-Uwe
name: Scholz, Holger
name: Fischer, J. A.
name: Bauer, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Angiotensin II/pharmacology
subject: Animals
subject: Calcitonin/pharmacology
subject: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
subject: Cells, Cultured
subject: Cyclic AMP/metabolism
subject: Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects
subject: Glomerular Mesangium/metabolism
subject: Kidney/physiology
subject: Kinetics
subject: Male
subject: Neuropeptides/pharmacology
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Inbred Strains
subject: Renal Circulation/drug effects

description: Rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP alpha; EC50, 1 nM) was shown to stimulate cAMP formation in cultured rat renal mesangial cells. CGRP concentration dependently (EC50, 1 nM) also inhibited contraction of mesangial cells by angiotensin II (10 nM). Angiotensin II (10 nM) caused a transient increase of the intracellular calcium concentration from 140 nM to 480 nM in the mesangial cells, but these calcium transients were not altered by CGRP. CGRP (10 nM) decreased vascular resistance in the isolated rat kidney perfused at constant pressure (100 mm Hg; P less than 0.01). The decreased vascular resistance was accompanied by a rise of the glomerular filtration fraction. CGRP, moreover, attenuated the effects of angiotensin II on renal vascular resistance and glomerular filtration (P less than 0.01). In conclusion, CGRP causes relaxation of renal mesangial cells and decreases renal vascular resistance. As a result CGRP raises glomerular filtration and the filtration fraction. The effect may be linked to cyclic AMP formation. Thus, regulation of renal vascular and glomerular function may represent a novel action of CGRP apart from its cardiovascular effects.
Multiple Quantitative Trait Analysis Using Bayesian Networks
Creators: name: Scutari, Marco
name: Howell, Phil
name: Balding, David J.
name: Mackay, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Models for genome-wide prediction and association studies usually target a single phenotypic trait. However, in animal and plant genetics it is common to record information on multiple phenotypes for each individual that will be genotyped. Modeling traits individually disregards the fact that they are most likely associated due to pleiotropy and shared biological basis, thus providing only a partial, confounded view of genetic effects and phenotypic interactions. In this paper we use data from a Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) winter wheat population to explore Bayesian networks as a convenient and interpretable framework for the simultaneous modeling of multiple quantitative traits. We show that they are equivalent to multivariate genetic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), and that they are competitive with single-trait elastic net and single-trait GBLUP in predictive performance. Finally, we discuss their relationship with other additive-effects models and their advantages in inference and interpretation. MAGIC populations provide an ideal setting for this kind of investigation because the very low population structure and large sample size result in predictive models with good power and limited confounding due to relatedness.
description: 28 pages, 1 figure, code at http://www.bnlearn.com/research/genetics14
Sufficient Condition for Entanglement Area Laws in Thermodynamically Gapped Spin Systems
Creators: name: Cho, Jaeyoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider general locally-interacting arbitrary-dimensional lattice spin systems that are gapped for any system size. We show under reasonable conditions that nondegenerate ground states of such systems obey the entanglement area law. In so doing, we offer an intuitive picture on how a spectral gap restricts the correlations that a ground state can accommodate and leads to such a special feature.
Brane-world stars with solid crust and vacuum exterior
Creators: name: Ovalle, Jorge
name: Gergely, László Á.
name: Casadio, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimal geometric deformation approach is employed to show the existence of brane-world stellar distributions with vacuum Schwarzschild exterior, thus without energy leaking from the exterior of the brane-world star into the extra dimension. The interior satisfies all elementary criteria of physical acceptability for a stellar solution, namely, it is regular at the origin, the pressure and density are positive and decrease monotonically with increasing radius, finally all energy conditions are fulfilled. A very thin solid crust with negative radial pressure separates the interior from the exterior, having a thickness $Δ$ inversely proportional to both the brane tension $σ$ and the radius $R$ of the star, i.e. $Δ^{-1}\sim R\,σ$. This brane-world star with Schwarzschild exterior would appear only thermally radiating to a distant observer and be fully compatible with the stringent constraints imposed on stellar parameters by observations of gravitational lensing, orbital evolutions or properties of accretion disks.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures. Improved version. To be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Noise reduction in coarse bifurcation analysis of stochastic agent-based models: an example of consumer lock-in
Creators: name: Avitabile, Daniele
name: Hoyle, Rebecca
name: Samaey, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate coarse equilibrium states of a fine-scale, stochastic agent-based model of consumer lock-in in a duopolistic market. In the model, agents decide on their next purchase based on a combination of their personal preference and their neighbours' opinions. For agents with independent identically-distributed parameters and all-to-all coupling, we derive an analytic approximate coarse evolution-map for the expected average purchase. We then study the emergence of coarse fronts when spatial segregation is present in the relative perceived quality of products. We develop a novel Newton-Krylov method that is able to compute accurately and efficiently coarse fixed points when the underlying fine-scale dynamics is stochastic. The main novelty of the algorithm is in the elimination of the noise that is generated when estimating Jacobian-vector products using time-integration of perturbed initial conditions. We present numerical results that demonstrate the convergence properties of the numerical method, and use the method to show that macroscopic fronts in this model destabilise at a coarse symmetry-breaking bifurcation.
description: This version of the manuscript was accepted for publication on SIADS
Parameters definition for devices design
Creators: name: Nikkhoo, Mehdi
name: Rivalta, Eleonora
name: Carbone, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: gravity changes
volcano

description: This document provides information on some key characteristics (magnitude, time-scale, wavelength) of the gravity changes expected to occur in volcanic areas (with special focus on Etna), due to underground mass redistribution triggered by both volcanic and hydrological processes.
4d-element induced improvement of structural disorder and development of weakly re-entrant spin-glass behaviour in NiRuMnSn
Creators: name: Gupta, Shuvankar
name: Chakraborty, Sudip
name: Bhasin, Vidha
name: Pakhira, Santanu
name: Biswas, Anis
name: Mudryk, Yaroslav
name: Kumar, Amit
name: Barreteau, Celine
name: Crivello, Jean-Claude
name: Das, Amitabh
name: Jha, S. N.
name: Bhattacharyya, D.
name: Pecharsky, Vitalij K.
name: Alleno, Eric
name: Mazumdar, Chandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pursuit of efficient spin-polarization in quaternary Heusler alloys with the general formula $XX'YZ$ (where X, $X'$, and Y are transition metals and Z is a p-block element), has been a subject of significant scientific interest. While previous studies shows that isoelectronic substitution of 4d element in place of 3d element in quaternary Heusler alloy, improves the half-metallic ferromagnetic characteristics, our research on the quaternary Heusler alloy NiRuMnSn reveals a strikingly different scenario. In this study, we present a detailed structural analysis of the material using X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and neutron diffraction (ND) techniques, which confirms the formation of a single-phase compound with 50:50 site disorder between Ni/Ru atoms at 4c/4d sites. Contrary to expectations, our DFT calculations suggests a considerable decrease in spin-polarization even in the ordered structure. Additionally, we report on the compound's exceptional behavior, displaying a rare re-entrant spin glass property below $\sim$60 K, a unique and intriguing feature for quaternary Heusler-type compounds.
Nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity-magnon optomechanics
Creators: name: Chen, Jiaojiao
name: Fan, Xiao-Gang
name: Xiong, Wei
name: Wang, Dong
name: Ye, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cavity optomechanics, a promising platform to investigate macroscopic quantum effects, has been widely used to study nonreciprocal entanglement with Sagnec effect. Here we propose an alternative way to realize nonreciprocal entanglemment among magnons, photons, and phonons in a hybrid cavity-magnon optomechanics, where magnon Kerr effect is used. We show that the Kerr effect gives rise to a magnon frequency shift and an additional two-magnon effect. Both of them can be tuned from positive to negative via tuning the magectic field direction, leading to nonreciprocity. By tuning system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning or the coefficient of the two-magnon effect, bipartite and tripartite entanglements can be nonreciprocally enhanced. By further studying the defined bidirectional contrast ratio, we find that nonreciprocity in our system can be switch on and off, and can be engineered by the bath temperature. Our proposal not only provides a potential path to demonstrate nonreciprocal entanglement with the magnon Kerr effect, but also opens a direction to engineer and design diverse nonreciprocal devices in hybrid cavity-magnon optomechanics with nonlinear effects.
description: 8 pages,4 figures
Erythropoiesis, serum erythropoietin, and serum IGF-I in rats during accelerated growth
Creators: name: Kurtz, Armin
name: Matter, R.
name: Eckardt, Kai-Uwe
name: Zapf, J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Aging/blood
subject: Animals
subject: Erythrocytes/metabolism
subject: Erythropoiesis/physiology
subject: Erythropoietin/blood
subject: Female
subject: Growth/physiology
subject: Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
subject: Iron Radioisotopes/blood
subject: Male
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Inbred Strains
subject: Somatomedins/metabolism
subject: Weight Gain

description: In this study we have examined the correlation between activity of erythropoiesis and serum concentrations of erythropoietin and insulin-like growth factor I in male and female rats during accelerated growth (day 30-90). We found that fractional incorporation of iron into newly formed red blood cells was linearily correlated with body weight gain. Total iron incorporation into newly formed red blood cells reflecting total daily red cell formation increased almost linearily between day 25 and 80 after birth in both sexes. While serum erythropoietin concentrations decreased in the time interval investigated (25-120 days), serum IGF-I levels increased in both sexes between day 25 and 55. In this period, individual values of total iron incorporation into red blood cells and serum IGF-I concentrations were linearily correlated. Our observations support the concept that IGF-I rather than erythropoietin modulates erythropoiesis during accelerated growth and thus manages a proportional increase in body mass and oxygen transport capacity.
Initial Steps Towards Tackling High-dimensional Surrogate Modeling for Neuroevolution Using Kriging Partial Least Squares
Creators: name: Stapleton, Fergal
name: Galván, Edgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) aim to use efficient computational models with the goal of approximating the fitness function in evolutionary computation systems. This area of research has been active for over two decades and has received significant attention from the specialised research community in different areas, for example, single and many objective optimisation or dynamic and stationary optimisation problems. An emergent and exciting area that has received little attention from the SAEAs community is in neuroevolution. This refers to the use of evolutionary algorithms in the automatic configuration of artificial neural network (ANN) architectures, hyper-parameters and/or the training of ANNs. However, ANNs suffer from two major issues: (a) the use of highly-intense computational power for their correct training, and (b) the highly specialised human expertise required to correctly configure ANNs necessary to get a well-performing network. This work aims to fill this important research gap in SAEAs in neuroevolution by addressing these two issues. We demonstrate how one can use a Kriging Partial Least Squares method that allows efficient computation of good approximate surrogate models compared to the well-known Kriging method, which normally cannot be used in neuroevolution due to the high dimensionality of the data.
description: 2 pages, 1 table
Calcitonin gene products and the kidney
Creators: name: Kurtz, Armin
name: Muff, R.
name: Fischer, J. A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Animals
subject: Calcitonin/physiology
subject: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/physiology
subject: Humans
subject: Kidney Function Tests
subject: Kidney Tubules/physiology
subject: Renal Circulation

description: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is localized in capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibres in the kidney and urogenital tract whereas calcitonin reaches the kidney through the general circulation. Systemic infusion of CGRP and perfusion of isolated rat kidney reduces vascular resistance, and increases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration. CGRP stimulates renin secretion in vivo and in vitro and inhibits contraction of isolated rat mesangial cells by angiotensin II. Calcitonin does not affect vascular resistance, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration, and is less potent in stimulating renin secretion, and does not alter contraction of isolated rat mesangial cells by angiotensin II. CGRP also exerts renal tubular effects brought about probably through interaction with calcitonin receptors. To this end, increased excretion of sodium and chloride, and stimulation of urinary flow are less pronounced with CGRP than with calcitonin. Calcitonin, moreover, stimulates the fractional urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate.
IceCube and the origin of ANITA-IV events
Creators: name: Bertólez-Martínez, Toni
name: Argüelles, Carlos A.
name: Esteban, Ivan
name: Lopez-Pavon, Jacobo
name: Martinez-Soler, Ivan
name: Salvado, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the ANITA collaboration announced the detection of new, unsettling upgoing Ultra-High-Energy (UHE) events. Understanding their origin is pressing to ensure success of the incoming UHE neutrino program. In this work, we study their internal consistency and the implications of the lack of similar events in IceCube. We introduce a generic, simple parametrization to study the compatibility between these two observatories in Standard Model-like and Beyond Standard Model scenarios: an incoming flux of particles that interact with Earth nucleons with cross section $σ$, producing particle showers along with long-lived particles that decay with lifetime $τ$ and generate a shower that explains ANITA observations. We find that the ANITA angular distribution imposes significant constraints, and when including null observations from IceCube only $τ\sim 10^{-3}$ - $10^{-2} \,\mathrm{s}$ and $σ\sim 10^{-33}$ - $10^{-32}\,\mathrm{cm^2}$ can explain the data. This hypothesis is testable with future IceCube data. Finally, we discuss a specific model that can realize this scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of simultaneous observations by high-energy optical neutrino telescopes and new UHE radio detectors to uncover cosmogenic neutrinos or discover new physics.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures + Appendices. Comments welcome! v2: Added references and expanded the discussion on particle physics models. Matches version accepted by JHEP
Triggering of erythropoietin production by hypoxia is inhibited by respiratory and metabolic acidosis
Creators: name: Eckardt, K. U.
name: Kurtz, Armin
name: Bauer, C.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Acid-Base Equilibrium
subject: Acidosis/metabolism
subject: Acidosis, Respiratory/metabolism
subject: Animals
subject: Anoxia/metabolism
subject: Carbon Monoxide
subject: Erythropoietin/biosynthesis
subject: Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
subject: Male
subject: Mice

description: Erythropoietin (EPO) production in response to hypoxic hypoxia is known to be attenuated by simultaneous hypercapnia. This study aimed to investigate whether this inhibitory effect of hypercapnia is 1) a direct effect of carbon dioxide or mediated by changes in pH or bicarbonate, 2) affects also carbon monoxide hypoxia, and 3) influences either the synthesis and release of EPO or the mechanisms by which hypoxia triggers an increase in EPO production rate. We found that EPO formation in mice exposed to normobaric hypoxia (8% O2) or to carbon monoxide (0.1%) was reduced by 30 and 42% when animals were simultaneously exposed to hypercapnia (7% CO2), by 35 and 38% when subjected to metabolic acidosis (NH4Cl), and unchanged when subjected to metabolic alkalosis (NaHCO3). In animals exposed to brief hypoxia (15 min) and subsequent normoxia (2 h), metabolic acidosis did not affect EPO levels when initiated after the hypoxic period. The results indicate that acidosis inhibits hypoxia-induced triggering of EPO formation independently of PCO2 and HCO3 levels. Because this inhibitory effect is also present during carbon monoxide hypoxia, it appears not solely due to potentiated hyperpnea. Alternatively, it may result from a facilitated intrarenal oxygen release or a direct effect at the EPO production sites.
Additional file 1 of Low-dose pro-resolving mediators temporally reset the resolution response to microbial inflammation
Creators: name: Serhan, Charles N.
name: Chiang, Nan
name: Nshimiyimana, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Probing time-ordering in two-photon double ionization of helium on the attosecond time scale
Creators: name: Pazourek, Renate
name: Nagele, Stefan
name: Burgdörfer, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that time ordering underlying time-dependent quantum dynamics is a physical observable accessible by attosecond streaking. We demonstrate the extraction of time ordering for the prototypical case of time-resolved two-photon double ionization (TPDI) of helium by an attosecond XUV pulse. The Eisenbud-Wigner-Smith time delay for the emission of a two-electron wavepacket and the time interval between subsequent emission events can be unambiguously determined by attosecond streaking. The delay between the two emission events sensitively depends on the energy, pulse duration, and angular distribution of the emitted electron pair. Our fully-dimensional ab-initio quantum mechanical simulations provide benchmark data for experimentally accessible observables.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; revised version, added appendix
ChinaOpen: A Dataset for Open-world Multimodal Learning
Creators: name: Chen, Aozhu
name: Wang, Ziyuan
name: Dong, Chengbo
name: Tian, Kaibin
name: Zhao, Ruixiang
name: Liang, Xun
name: Kang, Zhanhui
name: Li, Xirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces ChinaOpen, a dataset sourced from Bilibili, a popular Chinese video-sharing website, for open-world multimodal learning. While the state-of-the-art multimodal learning networks have shown impressive performance in automated video annotation and cross-modal video retrieval, their training and evaluation are primarily conducted on YouTube videos with English text. Their effectiveness on Chinese data remains to be verified. In order to support multimodal learning in the new context, we construct ChinaOpen-50k, a webly annotated training set of 50k Bilibili videos associated with user-generated titles and tags. Both text-based and content-based data cleaning are performed to remove low-quality videos in advance. For a multi-faceted evaluation, we build ChinaOpen-1k, a manually labeled test set of 1k videos. Each test video is accompanied with a manually checked user title and a manually written caption. Besides, each video is manually tagged to describe objects / actions / scenes shown in the visual content. The original user tags are also manually checked. Moreover, with all the Chinese text translated into English, ChinaOpen-1k is also suited for evaluating models trained on English data. In addition to ChinaOpen, we propose Generative Video-to-text Transformer (GVT) for Chinese video captioning. We conduct an extensive evaluation of the state-of-the-art single-task / multi-task models on the new dataset, resulting in a number of novel findings and insights.
description: Accepted by ACMMM 2023
Regulation of erythropoietin production is related to proximal tubular function
Creators: name: Eckardt, K. U.
name: Kurtz, Armin
name: Bauer, C.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Animals
subject: Anoxia/blood
subject: Diuretics/pharmacology
subject: Erythropoietin/blood
subject: Humans
subject: Kidney Tubules, Proximal/physiology
subject: Kinetics
subject: Male
subject: Mice
subject: Mice, Inbred ICR
subject: Natriuresis/drug effects
subject: Urine/physiology

description: Regulation of renal erythropoietin (EPO) production is based on an intrarenal oxygen sensor. Whereas the sensitivity of this oxygen sensor to variations in renal oxygen supply is well established, the influence of changes in renal oxygen consumption has not yet been elucidated. Diuretic drugs, which inhibit active sodium reabsorption, reduce tubular oxygen consumption. We therefore investigated the effects of acetazolamide, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and amiloride, known to preferentially inhibit sodium reabsorption at different segments of the nephron, on hypoxia-induced EPO formation in mice. Those drugs that are considered to act mainly in the loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and amiloride) did not impair EPO formation. Acetazolamide on the other hand, which is thought to act predominantly at the proximal tubular site, significantly reduced EPO formation in response to normobaric hypoxia (8 and 14% O2) and functional anemia (0.1% carbon monoxide). This inhibitory effect of acetazolamide was dose dependent and correlated with the natriuresis induced. It appeared not to depend on the metabolic acidosis induced by the drug, since the simultaneous administration of sodium bicarbonate, which restored standard bicarbonate levels to normal, did not diminish the inhibitory effect of acetazolamide on EPO production. In conclusion the data suggest that the regulation of EPO production is likely to be related to proximal tubular function.
Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin of children in health and disease
Creators: name: Eckardt, Kai-Uwe
name: Hartmann, W.
name: Vetter, U.
name: Pohlandt, F.
name: Burghardt, R.
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adolescent
subject: Adult
subject: Analysis of Variance
subject: Anemia/blood
subject: Child
subject: Child, Preschool
subject: Erythropoietin/blood
subject: Female
subject: Fetal Distress/blood
subject: Heart Defects, Congenital/blood
subject: Hemoglobins/analysis
subject: Humans
subject: Infant
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Infant, Small for Gestational Age/blood
subject: Kidney Diseases/blood
subject: Male
subject: Normal Distribution
subject: Oxygen/blood
subject: Pregnancy
subject: Reference Values
subject: Regression Analysis

description: Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (siEPO) was determined in cord serum from neonates (n = 97, gestational age 36-43 weeks), in healthy children from birth to adolescence (n = 260) and in children with haematological (n = 30), renal (n = 10) and congenital heart diseases (n = 70). In healthy children siEPO levels decreased after birth (geometric mean cord siEPO 35.6 mU/ml with 95% range of 17-56 mU/ml in eutrophic, nondistressed fetuses) and reached lowest values during the first 2 months (geometric mean siEPO 11.5 mU/ml). Thereafter siEPO levels increased slightly and were constant between 2 months and adolescence. The geometric mean siEPO for healthy children after birth was 18.8 mU/ml with 95% range of 7-47 mU/ml. These estimates were not significantly different from normal adult values. In newborns with fetal distress (n = 15) cord siEPO was significantly elevated (geometric mean 63.0 mU/ml; P less than 0.001). In children with haematological disease, siEPO and Hb concentration were inversely correlated (log siEPO (mU/ml) = 4.1-0.20 x Hb (g/dl); r = -0.62; P less than 0.0005). This relationship was significantly different in children with chronic renal failure (log siEPO (mU/ml) = 0.67 + 0.035 x Hb (g/dl); r = 0.50; P = 0.1). In children with heart disease the geometric mean siEPO was 19.2 mU/ml with 95% range 8-65 mU/ml for cyanotic (SaO2 less than 94%) and 17.7 mU/ml with 95% range of 12-36 mU/ml for acyanotic patients. In this group siEPO values were inversely correlated to the arterial oxygen content (log siEPO (mU/ml) = 1.61-2.04 x oxygen content (l/l); r = -0.28; P less than 0.02).
Impact of attractive interactions on the rheology of dense athermal particles
Creators: name: Irani, Ehsan
name: Chaudhuri, Pinaki
name: Heussinger, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using numerical simulations, the rheological response of an athermal assembly of soft particles with tunable attractive interactions is studied in the vicinity of jamming. At small attractions, a fragile solid develops and a finite yield stress is measured. Moreover, the measured flow curves have unstable regimes, which lead to persistent shearbanding. These features are rationalized by establishing a link between the rheology and the inter-particle connectivity, which also provides a minimal model to describe the flow curves.
title: Marin Alsop: Showing them success - Compact Case
Creators: name: Fletcher, Carrie J
name: Peterson, Randall
name: Rollins, Vyla L
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This case study follows the career of world-renowned orchestra conductor Marin Alsop. As a gay woman in a blatantly male-dominated (and often sexist) field, Alsop faced significant challenges in her rise to the top of the profession. At virtually every turning point on her unconventional path, Alsop received the message that she should not or could not advance - and yet she did, relying on a nuanced mix of perseverance, self-awareness, and willingness to upend the status quo.
description: LBS Case Code: CCS-22-004
Lack of direct evidence for a functional role of voltage-operated calcium channels in juxtaglomerular cells
Creators: name: Kurtz, Armin
name: Skott, O.
name: Chegini, S.
name: Penner, R.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Animals
subject: Calcium/pharmacokinetics
subject: Calcium Channels/physiology
subject: Cell Membrane Permeability/physiology
subject: Electric Stimulation
subject: Female
subject: Juxtaglomerular Apparatus/physiology
subject: Membrane Potentials/physiology
subject: Mice

description: In this study we have examined the role of voltage-gated calcium channels in the regulation of calcium in juxtaglomerular cells. Using a combination of patch-clamp and single-cell calcium measurement we obtained evidence neither for voltage-operated calcium currents nor for changes of the intracellular calcium concentration upon acute depolarizations of the cell membrane. Increases of the extracellular concentration of potassium to 80 mmol/l depolarized the juxtaglomerular cells close to the potassium equilibrium potential, but did not alter the intracellular calcium concentration neither in patch-clamped nor in intact Furaester-loaded cells. Moreover, basal renin secretion from a preparation enriched in mouse juxtaglomerular cells and from rat glomeruli with attached juxtaglomerular cells was not inhibited when extracellular potassium was isoosmotically increased to 56 mmol/l. In mouse kidney slices, however, depolarizing potassium concentrations caused a delayed inhibition at 56 mmol/l and a delayed stimulation of renin secretion at 110 mmol/l. Taken together, our study does not provide direct evidence for a role of voltage-activated calcium channels in the regulation of calcium and renin secretion in renal juxtaglomerular cells.
title: Red Bull Spreads its Wiiings
Creators: name: Tavassoli, Nader
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Thirty-five years after its founding, the Red Bull energy drinks business continued to show strong growth globally. Over the years, the company had expanded its product line with different variants, such as sugar-free and flavoured Editions. More recently, the company had launched a sub-branded The Organics by Red Bull range that sat outside the energy-drinks category, and the AlphaTauri functional-fashion brand. The company had renamed one of its two F1 teams Scuderia AlphaTauri to provide a unique promotional platform for the fledgling fashion brand; one that was overtly endorsed by Red Bull. The case provides a basis for discussing the (dis)synergies between Red Bull and these extensions from a brand, consumer, and marketing perspective.  An extensive set of PowerPoint (PPT) teaching slides that include 7 different videos - a Red Bull brand purpose video, cartoon medley, Flugtag commercial, Soap Box Race commercial, Backyard Digger (BMX), former UK CMO interview, the AlphaTauri launch - are available to Educators from cases@london.edu.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-22-016
title: Costa Coffee: Project Marlow - Compact Case
Creators: name: Birkinshaw, Julian
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: For Jim Slater, head of Costa Express in 2014, the biggest new growth opportunity was to roll out the company's third-generation vending machine, called Marlow. The product had been developed in record time, but Slater faced several strategic and operational challenges in launching it.
description: LBS Case Code: CCS-21-001
Role of protein kinase C in renal vasoconstriction caused by angiotensin II
Creators: name: Scholz, H.
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine
subject: Alkaloids/pharmacology
subject: Angiotensin II/pharmacology
subject: Animals
subject: Cobalt/pharmacology
subject: Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
subject: Imidazoles/pharmacology
subject: Isoquinolines/pharmacology
subject: Male
subject: Nifedipine/pharmacology
subject: Piperazines/pharmacology
subject: Protein Kinase C/metabolism
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Inbred Strains
subject: Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
subject: Renal Circulation/drug effects
subject: Staurosporine
subject: Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
subject: Vasoconstriction/drug effects
subject: Verapamil/pharmacology

description: In this study we have examined the subcellar pathways along which angiotensin II (ANG II) causes renal vasoconstriction. Using the isolated perfused rat kidney model, we found that renal vasoconstriction produced by ANG II (100 pM) was not altered by the calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium (1 microM) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalensulfonamide (W-7, 10 microM) but was blunted by staurosporine (100 nM) and 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine (H-7, 50 microM), two structurally distinct putative protein kinase C inhibitors. The phorbol ester 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (1-100 nM) did not alter renal vascular resistance, whereas phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 1-100 nM) caused potent and dose-dependent vasoconstriction that was prevented by staurosporine (100 nM) and H-7 (50 microM). The vasoconstrictory effects of ANG II and PMA were attenuated by the calcium channel blockers verapamil (5 microM) and nifedipine (5 microM) and were reversibly inhibited when cobaltous chloride (2 mM) was added to the perfusate. Taken together, our findings support the concept that the renal vasoconstrictory effect of ANG II is essentially mediated by protein kinase C activation, which either requires or enhances the entrance of extracellular calcium.
« Putting the Hen in the Pot: a Family Affair in South-West France! » in R. Ávila (ed.), Anthropology in a Feminine Key Essays and Thoughts in Honour of Annie Hubert, Guadalajara, U. de Guadalajara, 2010, pp. 143-155.
Creators: name: Duhart, Frédéric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Anthropology of Food
Family
Gender
Cuisine
Identity
France

description: Poule-au-Pot [stuffed hen cooked in pot] is undoubtedly a classic of French cuisine and a dish that occupies an important place in the national imaginary. However, we emphasize here in another of its dimensions, more intimate, more regional too. In South-West France countryside, the stuffed hen was one of dishes served on certain occasions, which involved the honour of the housewife. Nowadays, Poule-au-Pot is still prepared for family festive meals in the cited area. In this context, putting the hen in the pot often becomes an act that reveals many mechanisms of the family passing on culinary knowledge.
Additional file 1 of Social cure model: testing the link between identity centrality and body appreciation in diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups
Creators: name: Komlenac, Nikola
name: Stockburger, Kristina
name: Birke, Jennifer
name: Hochleitner, Margarethe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1