Syneches amazonicus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Menezes, Isis Sá
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches amazonicus

description: Syneches amazonicus sp. nov.
(Figs 3–9, 103, 118)
Diagnosis. Scape and pedicel yellow, postpedicel brown, paler at base; palpus bearing several long setae except for bare inner surface. Scutum brown, moderately high, rounded; pleura pale brown with anepisternum and dorsal margin of katepisternum brown; scutellum brown, yellow basally; prosternum narrow. Legs pale brown to yellow except dark brown fore and hind tibiae and tarsomeres 3–5, hind femur brown medially with base and apex pale brown; femora slightly thickened, fore femur more dilated on basal half; hind tibia slightly swollen apically. Wing pale brown; pterostigma small and narrow, brown.
Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 4.7 mm. Wing: 4.0 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle protuberant, with pale golden pruinescence. Face brown with gray pruinescence. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, postpedicel brown, paler at base, with short golden setulae; pedicel with long marginal setae, reaching postpedicel at mid-length; postpedicel as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, about 1.8 times longer than wide, with 1 median seta equal in length to postpedicel; stylus about 3.5 times longer than antenna, bare distally. Proboscis pale brown; palpus brown, about 1/3 length of proboscis, with short and brown setulae and several long setae except for bare inner surface. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum brown with golden pruinescence, marginal setae moderately long, brown and sparse. Scutum rounded, moderately high, less than height of mesopleuron; brown with golden pruinescence, posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and postalar callus pale brown; setae brown, sparse, longer laterally and on prescutellar disc, 6 series of acrostichal and 1 series of dorsocentral setae; scutellum brown, yellow basally. Pleura mostly pale brown with anepisternum and dorsal margin of katepisternum brown, meron slightly darkened centrally, pruinescence golden. Chaetotaxy: 1 dc and 2 acr, both long and robust, with apices bent ventrally, 2–3 slender acr, all on prescutellar disc; 2 long and stout npl; 2 pal, one long and stout and one short and thin; scutellum with subapical pair long and stout, apical pair slender, convergent, about half length of subapical pair, plus 5 lateral setae, second lateral seta stout and about 2/3 length of subapical pair, remaining setae thin and about 2/3 length of second lateral seta. Legs. Slender, femora slightly thickened, fore femur more dilated on basal half and hind tibia slightly swollen apically. Pale brown to yellow, except dark brown fore and hind tibiae and tarsomeres 3–5, hind femur brown medially with base and apex pale brown. Fore tibia with D, PV and P rows of long setae, one preapical D and one D, stouter beyond middle. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1D and 1PD preapical seta. Mid femur with PV and AV rows of setae, stouter on distal half of femur. Mid tibia with 1 sub-basal AD seta about half length of tibia and 1 preapical AD; 2AV, one median and one preapical, both equal in length to tarsomere 1; one before middle, slender, one median and one preapical PD setae, two distalmost setae about half length of tibia; 1 median PV and 1 preapical PV equal in length to tarsomere 1. Hind femur with 5AV, 3AD on apical half and 1 preapical D, setae long and strong. Hind tibia with 1 median AD, 1 preapical AD, 1 preapical A, 1 apical AV and 1 preapical PD, all long and stout. Hind tarsomere 1 with dorsal rows of elongate setae, 1 preapical AD, elongate and stout, and 4 stouter A. Wing (Fig. 103) gently brownish, costal margin slightly darkened; pterostigma brown, narrow, small, not filling apex of cell r1; vein M1+2 straight apically. Abdomen about 2.5 times length of thorax; brown with reddish brown pruinescence. Setae brown, numerous, paler on sternites 1–5; dorsal setae short, lateral and ventral setae elongate, tergites 3–8 with stouter lateral setae. Tergite 8 short, 2.5 times wider than long, two small lobes on sclerotized distal margin (Fig. 6); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with long apical setae (Fig. 7). Terminalia (Figs 3–5): elongate; hypandrium long, narrowed on apical third, narrow cleft apically forming two small lobes with 1 short apical seta on each, lateral margins covered with epandrial lamella; epandrial lamella narrow in lateral view, with moderately long setae, shorter at apex of lamella; phallus slender with narrowed apex; postgonite longer than phallus, slender, apex hook-shaped. Female. As in male, but general color slightly darker. Terminalia (Figs 8, 9) slightly elongate; tergite 8 quadrangular; sternite 8 long, narrowed basally, central portion less sclerotized, apical setae short and strong; cercus ovate, short.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Querari (Pelotão), 1°5′N- 69°51′W / 08.iv- 15.v.1993, João Vidal / Holótipo, Syneches amazonicus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha [red label]. Specimen in good condition. PARATYPES: 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (MZUSP); 42 ♂, 26 ♀ (INPA), same data as holotype.
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 118).
Comments. Some specimens have two setae on postpedicel, hind femur entirely pale brown with 2 preapical D setae. It is similar to S. dichrous, S. fuscescens and S. equatoriensis sp. nov. in having the scutum moderately high, long and slender legs with femora slightly swollen and pterostigma elongate. Differs from these species by yellow legs with fore and hind tibiae and tarsomeres 3–5 dark brown, hind femur brown with apex and base pale brown, hypandrium narrowed on apical third, narrow cleft apically forming two small lobes, lateral margins covered with epandrial lamella, phallus slender with narrowed apex and postgonite longer than phallus, slender, apex hook-shaped.
Etymology. The specific name refers to the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
description: Published as part of Menezes, Isis Sá & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2016, Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), pp. 401-442 in Zootaxa 4103 (5) on pages 404-406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267788