cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Antibiootikumide kasutamine väikelastel
Creators: name: Rootslane, Ly
name: Kiivet, Raul-Allan
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: antibiootikumid, väikelapsed, farmakoepidemioloogia

description: Uurimistöö  eesmärgiks  oli  hinnata  antibiootikumide  kasutamise  sagedust  eesti  väikelastel sõltuvalt  lapse  vanusest  ja  raviarstist  ning  kirjeldada  antibiootikumide  väljakirjutamise piirkondlikke  ja  sesoonseid  iseärasusi  Eesti Haigekassa  soodusravimite  andmebaasi  alusel. Eestis  oli  2001. a  kokku  49 300  kuni  3aastast  last  ja  neist  68%-le  oli  välja  kirjutatud antibiootikume, kokku 72 700 retsepti. Kolmandik Eesti lastest sai vähemalt kaks retsepti ja kümnendik  lastest  keskmiselt  5 retsepti  aasta  jooksul.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004
Cycle Consistency-based Uncertainty Quantification of Neural Networks in Inverse Imaging Problems
Creators: name: Huang, Luzhe
name: Li, Jianing
name: Ding, Xiaofu
name: Zhang, Yijie
name: Chen, Hanlong
name: Ozcan, Aydogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uncertainty estimation is critical for numerous applications of deep neural networks and draws growing attention from researchers. Here, we demonstrate an uncertainty quantification approach for deep neural networks used in inverse problems based on cycle consistency. We build forward-backward cycles using the physical forward model available and a trained deep neural network solving the inverse problem at hand, and accordingly derive uncertainty estimators through regression analysis on the consistency of these forward-backward cycles. We theoretically analyze cycle consistency metrics and derive their relationship with respect to uncertainty, bias, and robustness of the neural network inference. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these cycle consistency-based uncertainty estimators, we classified corrupted and out-of-distribution input image data using some of the widely used image deblurring and super-resolution neural networks as testbeds. The blind testing of our method outperformed other models in identifying unseen input data corruption and distribution shifts. This work provides a simple-to-implement and rapid uncertainty quantification method that can be universally applied to various neural networks used for solving inverse problems.
description: 28 Pages, 4 Figures, 1 Table
Capability of the proposed long-baseline experiments to probe large extra dimension
Creators: name: Roy, Samiran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future long-baseline experiments will play an important role in exploring physics beyond the standard model. One such new physics concept is the large extra dimension (LED), which provides an elegant solution to the hierarchy problem. This model also explains the small neutrino mass in a natural way. The presence of LED modifies the standard neutrino oscillation probabilities. Hence, the long-baseline experiments are sensitive to the LED parameters. We explore the potential of the three future long-baseline neutrino experiments, namely T2HK, ESSnuSB, and DUNE, to probe the LED parameter space. We also compare the capability of the charged and neutral current measurements at DUNE to constrain the LED model. We find that T2HK will provide more stringent bounds on the largest compactification radius ($R_{\rm{ED}}$) compared to the DUNE and ESSnuSB experiments. At $90\%$ C.L., T2HK can exclude $R_{\rm{ED}}\sim 0.45~(0.425)$ $μ$m for the normal (inverted) mass hierarchy scenario.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, Version published in PRD
title: Import Substitution Potentials and Marketing Policies for Forest Products in Iran
Creators: name: Salimi-Manshadi, M. A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: Consumption data for different forest products were calculated for nine years (1962 to 1970). Then, taking consumption as a function of per capita disposable income and population, mathematical models were developed. By regressing per capita consumption of each product on per capita disposable income and determining the corresponding coefficients, the per capita demand for the products in the target years was calculated. The total projected demand was then computed by the products of per capita consumption and population in the target years.
Through regression analysis the future import of forest products was projected, and import substitution possibilities were discussed.
Finally, on the basis of the questionnaire and fi eld experience, the necessary changes in sale policies and other factors leading to the development of the marketing of forest products were introduced.
Adams and Olmsted Reply to comment on article "A non-monotonic constitutive model is not necessary to obtain shear banding phenomena in entangled polymer solution" [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 067801 (2009), arXiv:0805.0679]
Creators: name: Adams, J. M.
name: Olmsted, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wang [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 219801 (2009)] makes the following points about our Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 067801 (2009), arXiv:0805.0679]: (1) He infers that, "contrary to its title, shear banding emerged from monotonic curves only if there was a stress gradient", and he points out that nonquiescent relaxation was found (experimentally) after step strain in geometries without a stress gradient. (2) He disagrees with the values of the parameters we used. (3) In some recent experiments the flow was homogeneous after cessation of step strain, and only subsequently developed nonquiescent macroscopic motion. We only showed step strains that developed an inhomogeneity before cessation of flow. In this reply we address these points.
description: Reply to Comment of S.-Q. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 219801 (2009)
Mapping the structure of the planetary 2:1 mean motion resonance. The TOI-216, K2-24, and HD27894 systems
Creators: name: Giuppone, Cristian
name: Rodríguez, Adrián
name: Alencastro, Viviam
name: Roig, Fernando
name: Gallardo, Tabaré
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mean motion resonances (MMR) are a frequent phenomenon among extrasolar planetary systems. Current observations indicate that many systems have planets that are close to or inside the 2:1 MMR, when the orbital period of one of the planets is twice the other. Analytical models to describe this particular MMR can only be reduced to integrable approximations in a few specific cases. While there are successful approaches to the study of this MMR in the case of very elliptic and/or very inclined orbits using semi-analytical or semi-numerical methods, these may not be enough to completely understand the resonant dynamics. In this work, we propose to apply a well-established numerical method to assess the global portrait of the resonant dynamics, which consists in constructing dynamical maps. Combining these maps with the results from a semi-analytical method, helps to better understand the underlying dynamics of the 2:1 MMR, and to identify the behaviors that can be expected in different regions of the phase space and for different values of the model parameters. We verify that the family of stable resonant equilibria bifurcate from symmetric to asymmetric librations, depending on the mass ratio and eccentricities of the resonant planets pair. This introduces new structures in the phase space, that turns the classical V-shape of the MMR, in the semi-major axis vs. eccentricity space, into a sand clock shape. We construct dynamical maps for three extrasolar planetary systems, TOI-216, HD27894, and K2-24, and discuss their phase space structure and their stability in the light of the orbital fits available in the literature.
description: 16 pages. 16 figures
title: Present Livestock Feed Balance, Projected Feed Requirement and Potential for the State of Utah
Creators: name: C., Roberto Savelli
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: The objectives of this thesis were to estimate the present livestock feed balance and project livestock feed requirements and balances to 1980 for the State of Utah.
Present feed production was obtained from published data. Livestock feed requirements were calculated using factors published in Livestock-Feed Relationships, a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture.
The projections of feed requirements to 1980 were made by projecting livestock numbers based on a least squares analysis of past trends. Utilizing the projected numbers permits calculation of t he feed requirements.
Feed production in 1980 was obtained by projecting past feed production and by applying least squares analysis to obtain a predicting equation that allows projection to 1980. Separate predictions were made for roughage and feed grains.
Utah will have a feed grain deficit totaling about 407,000 tons in 1980. The state will have an estimated roughage surplus ranging from about 250 , 000 tons to 825,000 t ons depending on the base period selected.
title: Maintenance and Survival of Vegetation on the Sunrise Campground, Cache National Forest
Creators: name: Silker, Alan R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: The goal of this study was to determine if watering and fertilizing would help maintain favorable vegetation conditions on forested recreation sites. Sunrise Campground on the Cache National Forest in northern Utah was the study site. Treatment applications of water and nitrogen- phosphorous fertilizer were made from 1964 through 1968.
Covariance analysis of variables indicated that all treatments produced significantly greater amounts of ground cover vegetation than control plots. Ground cover response to treatments was greater under aspen than under coniferous overstory, and treatments under aspen produced differences in appearance of vegetation . There were no significant differences in diameter growth of overstory trees. The results showed that watering and fertilizing are effective management tools for maintaining ground cover.
Amplified Nanoscale Detection of Labelled Molecules via Surface Electrons on Diamond
Creators: name: Biteri-Uribarren, A.
name: Alsina-Bolívar, P.
name: Munuera-Javaloy, C.
name: Puebla, R.
name: Casanova, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of individual molecules and their dynamics has been a long-standing challenge in the field of nanotechnology. In this work, we present a method that utilizes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center and a dangling-bond on the diamond surface to measure the coupling between two electronic targets tagged on a macromolecule. To achieve this, we design a multi-tone dynamical decoupling sequence that leverages the strong interaction between the nitrogen vacancy center and the dangling bond. In addition, this sequence minimizes the impact of decoherence finally resulting in an increased signal-to-noise ratio. This proposal has the potential to open up new avenues for fundamental research and technological innovation in distinct areas such as biophysics and biochemistry.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Domain walls at the spin density wave endpoint of the organic superconductor (TMTSF)2PF6 under pressure
Creators: name: Kang, Ning
name: Auban-Senzier, Pascale
name: Jérome, Denis
name: Pasquier, Claude
name: Salameh, Belal
name: Brazovskii, Serguei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first comprehensive investigation of the organic superconductor (TMTSF)2PF6 in the vicinity of the endpoint of the spin density wave - metal phase transition where phase coexistence occurs. At low temperature, the transition of metallic domains towards superconductivity is used to reveal the various textures. In particular, we demonstrate experimentally the existence of 1D and 2D metallic domains with a cross-over from a filamentary superconductivity mostly along the c?-axis to a 2D superconductivity in the b?c-plane perpendicular to the most conducting direction. The formation of these domain walls may be related to the proposal of a soliton phase in the vicinity of the critical pressure of the (TMTSF)2PF6 phase diagram.
description: 5 pages
Catalysis of proton decay in superstring theory
Creators: name: Malyuta, Yuri M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theory of superstrings on Calabi-Yau manifolds is applied to investigate catalysis of proton decay.
description: 5 pages, LATEX
title: The Effects of Laser Etching on Biocompatability and Mechanical Properties of Polyetheretherketone
Creators: name: Deceuster, Andrew I.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a Federal and Drug Administration (FDA) approved biomaterial that has been used as an orthopedic implant material due to its inherent properties. Laser etching has become a popular means to create identification markers on the individual implants as required by the FDA. The interaction of laser energy with polymeric materials could potentially cause changes in the material's biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of laser energy on the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of implantable PEEK by measuring contact angle, micro-tensile testing, nite-element modeling (FEM), and biocompatibility testing according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10993 for cytotoxicity. The results of the study showed that the etching characteristics were mostly in by the laser power and the laser pulse spacing. The mechanical properties were degraded by the laser and the tensile strength of the material was decreased by 50% is some cases. The laser, however, did not affect the biocompatibility. The biocompatibility testing of the material showed no cytotoxic effect using an agar overlay method. The contact angle measurements demonstrated that the laser etching produced a hydrophobic effect to the surface. The FEM model demonstrated a good correlation between the laser power and the vaporization of the PEEK material. The results of the study showed the effect of laser energy on biocompatibility and mechanical properties.
Trends in Mothers' Parenting Time by Education and Work From 2003 to 2017
Creators: name: Prickett, Kate
name: Augustine, JM
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160399 Demography not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Scholars have been increasingly concerned about the rise in "intensive mothering" and its implications for the well-being of children and women and for inequality more broadly. These concerns, however, reflect a key assumption: that socioeconomic disparities in mothers' parenting time observed in earlier eras have continued to grow. Using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2003-2005 and 2015-2017 (n = 13,755), we test this assumption by examining whether maternal education gaps in active time spent with children have persisted across the 2000s. We pay particular attention to the continued socioeconomic bifurcation in women's access to full-time stable work, assessing whether changes in the education-related time gap are due to changes in who works and how much. We find that the gap in active childcare time between mothers with a college degree and those without has closed dramatically. Although some of this narrowing was driven by declines in time among college-educated mothers, most was driven by increases among mothers with less education. These trends, however, are observed only among mothers who were not employed full-time. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analyses further reveal that although most of the increase in active care time among nonworking mothers with less education was attributable to behavioral change, 58% of the decline among nonworking, college-educated mothers was a result of sociodemographic compositional changes. These findings illuminate population-level trends in mothers' active parenting time, provide insights into the driving factors, and help update theories, qualitative findings, and policy considerations related to mothers' and children's well-being.
Anisotropic dark energy and CMB anomalies
Creators: name: Battye, Richard
name: Moss, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the breaking of global statistical isotropy caused by a dark energy component with an energy-momentum tensor which has point symmetry, that could represent a cubic or hexagonal crystalline lattice. In such models Gaussian, adiabatic initial conditions created during inflation can lead to anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background whose spherical harmonic coefficients are correlated, contrary to the standard assumption. We develop an adaptation of the line of sight integration method that can be applied to models where the background energy-momentum tensor is isotropic, but whose linearized perturbations are anisotropic. We then show how this can be applied to the cases of cubic and hexagonal symmetry. We compute quantities which show that such models are indistinguishable from isotropic models even in the most extreme parameter choices, in stark contrast to models with anisotropic initial conditions based on inflation. The reason for this is that the dark energy based models contribute to the CMB anistropy via the inegrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, which is only relevent when the dark energy is dominant, that is, on the very largest scales. For inflationary models, however, the anisotropy is present on all scales.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
title: Prediction of Climate Change Effects on Streamflow Regime Important to Stream Ecology
Creators: name: Dhungel, Sulochan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: A major challenge in freshwater ecosystem management is to predict future changes in streamflow regime. This thesis focused on identifying and modeling specific characteristics of streamflow that are important to stream ecosystems. The need to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on stream ecosystems makes it important to study how streamflow regime may change. In this thesis we sought to advance understanding of the effect of climate change on streamflow regime by (1) examining the spatial variation in streamflow attributes across the continental US, (2) modeling how these streamflow attributes vary with current climate and watershed features, and (3) using this model with future climate projections of changes in precipitation and temperature to predict how streamflow attributes change with climate change. We used long-term daily flow measurements for 601 gauged streams whose watersheds were in relatively unimpaired condition to characterize streamflow regimes. Sixteen streamflow variables were identified which in our judgment sufficiently characterized aspects of the streamflow regime most relevant to stream ecosystem structure and function. These are computed for each stream. Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation reduced the dimensionality to five uncorrelated streamflow factors that quantify lowflow, magnitude, flashiness, timing and constancy. These independent factors were used to hereafter classify the streams based on distances in factor space into three broad classes which were further divided into eight classes. We used Random Forests to develop a model to predict these stream classes using watershed and climate attributes. The model had an accuracy of about 75%. Downscaled climate projections of precipitation and temperature were used to predict the changes in these stream classes by 2100 using the RF model. Thirty-three percent of selected sites were predicted to change into a different stream class by 2100. The least changes were predicted in snow-fed streams in the west while most of changes were predicted for rain-fed small perennial streams and intermittent streams in the central and eastern US. Class changes predicted, due to projected climate change provide a basis for (i) considering the extent of projected changes and (ii) formulating approaches to protect ecosystems that may be subject to change.
title: Global Quality Change Through the Baby Steps Project for Infant and Toddler Child Care Programs in Rural and Urban Utah
Creators: name: Lokteff, Maegan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: High quality infant and toddler (IT) child care has repeatedly been linked to better outcomes for children. However, in the U.S., IT child care has also been plagued by poor quality. Using a mixed-methods design, the purpose of this study was to provide an indepth explanation of quality change in IT classrooms and the myriad of factors that contribute to higher quality. Framed in an ecological model that views quality as the product and interaction of process, structural, and caregiver characteristics, this study addressed the impact of a variety of variables on quality change. The sample was comprised of 86 classrooms nested within 48 centers that participated in Baby Steps, a quality improvement project administered by the Utah Office of Child Care. Quantitative data included ITERS-R scores, wages, turnover, capacity, geographic location, and parent fees collected between 2003 and 2010 as part of the Baby Steps Project. Seven center directors completed semi-structured interviews that provided an insider perspective on their perceptions of the barriers and contributors to improved quality. A mixed model analysis was used to examine quality change over time. Results indicate that classroom quality scores (as measured by the ITERS-R) did increase by the second year of participation in Baby Steps; however, subsequent years of participation did not lead to significantly higher scores. Specialized training also appears to contribute to higher quality but high turnover was associated with lower quality programs. Non-urban programs appeared to be especially receptive to the intervention. Center directors echoed these findings and spoke to the
The European project and the challenges of the future. Revue ECU/EURO, N°50 Hors série (2000)
Creators: name: Duisenberg, Willem
Publisher: name: RESuME
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: European Central Bank
subject: Banque centrale européenne
subject: Eurosystem
subject: Eurosystème
subject: Monetary Policy
subject: Politique monétaire

description: In this speech delivered on 11 November 1999 at the Edmond Israel Foundation, Dr. Willem F. Duisenberg, President of the European Central Bank, presents some observations about the challenges facing the European Union in the years ahead. Among other things, national policy-markers are invited, in their areas of competence, to pursue policies, which respect the EU common rules.
Soome Arstide Liidu peasekretär: arstid on Soome ühiskonnas väärtustatud
Creators: name: Nahkur, Siim
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013

description: Eesti Arst 2013; 92(4):183–185
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2013
title: Opinions of Non-Physical Education Teachers Toward Physical Education and Physical Educators in Selected Utah Secondary Schools
Creators: name: McClellan, Myron L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: The questionnaire technique was used to gather the desired information for this study. A total of 450 teachers from large and small secondary schools served as subjects. An analysis of the opinions of these teachers indicated that a favorable attitude existed toward physical education in general. It was noted, however, that many were of the opinion that the programs in physical education were functioning at less than their potential. Responses also indicated a favorable attitude of the teachers toward physical educators. The most favorable opinion toward both physical education and the physical educator was recorded by the junior high female teachers from the small schools, while the senior high male teachers from small schools expressed the least favorable opinion in both areas. There was no significant difference in the opinions of male and female teachers, or in the opinions of the teachers of the small or large schools, regarding physical education or physical educators. A significant difference of opinion was noted between teachers of junior high schools and senior high schools in regard to both physical education and physical educators. A strong relationship was shown to exist between the opinions toward physical education and these toward physical educators for all teachers participating in this study.
Optimal Geometric Partitions, Covers and K-Centers
Creators: name: Andreica, Mugurel Ionut
name: Tirsa, Eliana-Dina
name: Andreica, Cristina Teodora
name: Andreica, Romulus
name: Ungureanu, Mihai Aristotel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; I.3.5

description: In this paper we present some new, practical, geometric optimization techniques for computing polygon partitions, 1D and 2D point, interval, square and rectangle covers, as well as 1D and 2D interval and rectangle K-centers. All the techniques we present have immediate applications to several cost optimization and facility location problems which are quite common in practice. The main technique employed is dynamic programming, but we also make use of efficient data structures and fast greedy algorithms.
description: Extended version of the conference paper
Thermodynamically consistent model of an active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle
Creators: name: Fritz, Jonas H.
name: Seifert, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying the full entropy production of active particles is a challenging task. We introduce a microscopic, thermodynamically consistent model, which leads to active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck statistics in the continuum limit. Our minimal model consists of a particle with a fluctuating number of active reaction sites which contribute to its active self-propulsion on a lattice. In addition, the model also takes ordinary thermal noise into account. This approach allows us to identify the full entropy production stemming from both thermal diffusion and active driving. Extant methods based on the comparison of forward and time-reversed trajectory underestimate the physical entropy production when applied to the Langevin equations obtained from our model. Constructing microscopic Markovian models can thus provide a benchmark for determining the entropy production in non-Markovian active systems.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
A special purpose analog computer for statistical system identification
Creators: name: Fieguth, Werner
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: An iterative method of system identification based on solving the integral equation [Formula omitted] for h(σ) at ten equally spaced points (σ[subscript i] = 1,2,..,10) is described. Replacing the above integral by a finite sum at ten different values of τ results in a set of ten equations in the ten unknowns h(σ[subscript i]). A statistically identical and much more easily handled set of equations, obtained by using one-sample products in place of the actual correlation functions, is then solved by a Gauss-Seidel-like iteration method, the convergence properties of which show this approach to the identification problem to be a useful one for a large class of system input signals. A simple computer to realize the above identification method is described in some detail. The use of a simple quantization form of correlation allows shift registers to carry out the required delay operations. Storage for the computer's estimates of the h(σ[subscript i]) is in the form of step motor driven potentiometers, which also carry out one of the multiplication operations. The very encouraging results of a number of relatively realistic identification tests using the computer are given.
title: The Role of Obesity, Diabetes, and Hypertension in Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Birth Defects
Creators: name: Kutbi, Hebah Alawi
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common structural birth defects and a public health problem. Several studies suggest that maternal obesity pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM), and the underlying metabolic abnormalities, may be involved in the pathogenesis of cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) birth defects. Although hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been associated in a few studies with congenital birth defects, studies examining the risk associated with OFCs are limited. The overall objective of this dissertation was to examine the association between maternal obesity, DM, GDM, and hypertension and the risk of OFCs in case-control studies.
Analyses of data from an international consortium revealed that maternal obesity (pre-pregnancy BMI >30), compared to normal weight (18.525), was associated with an increased risk of cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP/L) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =1.13 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01-1.25]). We also found a marginal association between maternal underweight and CP/L (1.0 [reference]; aOR=1.14 [0.97-1.34]. CL only was not associated with maternal bodyweight. Interestingly, among college-graduates, there was no increased risk of CP, but mothers with less than a completed college education had an increased risk of CP for underweight and obesity.
Investigation of the Utah OFC data provided evidence that maternal GDM is significantly associated with isolated (aOR=2.63 [1.30-5.34]) and non-isolated clefts (aOR=2.66 [1.02-6.97]). Maternal hypertension is significantly associated with non-isolated clefts (aOR=6.56 [2.18-19.77]). We found a further elevated risk of OFCs among GDM mothers and those with hypertension who were also obese.
The analyses of data from an international consortium revealed significant associations between maternal diabetes and the risk of OFCs. The estimated relative risk of DM for isolated OFCs was 1.33 [1.14-1.54] and was slightly higher for multiple OFCs (aOR=1.86 [1.44-2.40]). Diabetic mothers with abnormal body-mass-index had an increased risk for having inborn with OFCs.
Throughout the dissertation, we demonstrated the extent in which maternal obesity, pre-existing DM, GDM, and maternal hypertension may increase the risk of OFC birth defects. The results highlight the need for pre-conceptional program planning for the prevention of OFCs with screening for abnormal glucose tolerance and hypertension.
Endogenous respiration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during periods of prolonged starvation
Creators: name: MacKelvie, Robin M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: During the investigation of the effect of age upon endogenous metabolism, advanced stationary phase cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be susceptible to cold-shock. The phenomenon was apparent through an increased oxygen uptake and an initial absence of extracellular ammonia during subsequent respiration at 30 C, which were shown to be due to the presence of an oxidizable substrate in the suspending fluid. Intracellular enzymes were released following the exposure of these cells to the cold, and a partial protection against damage was afforded by the addition of magnesium ions to the washing and suspending buffer. The storage of a reserve material for utilization during endogenous metabolism could not be demonstrated in cells grown for various periods of time in a chemically-defined medium which contained glucose in excess of that required for growth. Further, when not previously exposed to the cold, an immediate evolution of ammonia was observed when this organism was respired at 30 C irrespective of the medium in which it was cultured or the age at which it was harvested. The ribosome complement was seen to diminish during the prolonged incubation of cultures grown in the chemically-defined media, and was found to disappear almost completely when 48 hr cells, harvested from defined or complete media, were respired at 30 C for a further 48 hr. Chemical fractionation during the respiration period revealed an increase in the concentration of deoxyribonucleic acid and a decrease in the concentrations of ribonucleic acid and protein. Glucosamine was not found to be a major metabolite in the endogenous respiration of this organism. Progressive starvation resulted in a reduction in the constituitive enzymes and/or cofactors involved in the oxidation of glucose, and an ability to adapt to, and oxidize α-ketoglutarate was evident after a period of starvation which had reduced the ribosome complement to negligible proportions. Endogenously produced ammonia and acid-soluble UV-absorbing material were reincorporated upon the addition of an exogenous substrate following respiration for 48 hr, and a concurrent increase was recorded in the concentration of 50S ribosomes.
Tsüstiline fibroos – Eesti patsientide kliinilised andmed 2011. aastal
Creators: name: Moor, Reet
name: Julge, Kaja
name: Kivivare, Mari
name: Puks, Karin
name: Putnik, Urve
name: Kahre, Tiina
name: Vasar, Maire
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: tsüstiline fibroos, haigussagedus, kopsufunktsioon, toitumus, suremusmäär

description: Uuringu eesmärk. Tsüstiline fibroos (TF) on kõige sagedasem eluiga lühendavatest autosoom-retsessiivsetest pärilikest haigustest valgel rassil. Uurimuse eesmärgiks oli analüüsida Eesti TFi-patsientide kliinilisi andmeid 31.12.2011. aasta seisuga ning võrrelda neid varasemate Eesti ja Euroopa andmetega. Uuritavad ja metoodika. Retrospektiivne uuring hõlmas lapseeas diagnoositud ja elus oleva 46 TFi-patsiendi andmeid. Kliinilised andmed olid olemas 40 patsiendi kohta, kes olid arsti jälgimisel 2011. aastal. Tulemused. Võrreldes 1993. aastaga oli patsientide keskmine vanus suurenenud ligi kaks korda (8,16 vs. 15,9 aastat). Mediaanvanus diagnoosimisel oli 1,5 aastat, mis on suurem kui Euroopa Liidus keskmiselt. Viiendikul patsientidest vastas toitumus rahvusvaheliselt soovitatavale. Kopsufunktsioon oli oluliselt halvem alatoitunud taiskasvanutel (p P. aeruginosa kolonisatsiooniga patsientidel (p = 0,005). P. aeruginosa kolonisatsiooniga patsientidel oli väiksem KMI (p  Järeldused. Tänu uute nüüdisaegsete ravimite kasutamisele, ravi regulaarsusele ning erialaarstide ja mitmete spetsialistide meeskonnatööle on viimase 10 aastaga Eesti TFipatsientide keskmine vanus suurenenud, suremus kahanenud ning elulemus paranenud. Endiselt püsib kõrge patsientide mediaanvanus haiguse esmasel diagnoosimisel.

Eesti Arst 2013; 92(4):186–194
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2013
Naiste teadlikkus emakakaelavähki ennetavatest meetmetest Eestis 2011. aastal
Creators: name: Anderson, Eva
name: Toompere, Karolin
name: Reile, Rainer
name: Uusküla, Anneli
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: emakakaelavähk, sõeluuringud, HPV-vaktsiin, teadlikkus ennetusmeetmetest

description: Eesmärk. Kirjeldada naiste teadlikkust emakakaelavähki ennetavatest meetmetest ja tutvustada hinnanguid, mis on antud erinevate ennetusmeetmete vajalikkusele, ning analüüsida teadlikkuse seoseid sotsiaal-demograafiliste ja tervisekäitumuslike teguritega Eestis.
 Metoodika. Andmed emakakaelavähki ennetavate meetmete (sõeluuring ja inimese papilloomiviiruse vastane vaktsiin) ning nende enesele vajalikuks hindamise kohta koguti 2011. aastal 18–45aastaste meeste ja naiste hulgas korraldatud rahvastikupõhise labilõikelise posti-küsitlusuuringuga. Analüüsi kaasati uuringus osalenud 1965 naise andmed. Andmeid kirjeldati, kasutades sagedustabeleid, ning seoseid modelleeriti, kasutades logistilist regressiooni.
 Tulemused. Üle poolte (68,2%) naistest olid teadlikud emakakaelavähi sõeluuringust ja 56,4% inimese papilloomiviiruse nakkust ennetavast vaktsiinist. Mõlemast ennetavast meetmest oli teadlik 42,2% uuritavatest. Šanss olla teadlik emakakaelavähki ennetavatest meetmetest oli statistiliselt oluliselt suurem eestlastel (sõeluuringu puhul kohandatud šansisuhe AOR = 2,13; 95% usaldusvahemik (uv) 1,59–2,86; vaktsiini puhul AOR = 2,44; 95% uv 1,75–3,33) ja nendel naistel, kes on kasutanud reproduktiivtervisega seotud tervishoiuteenuseid seoses rasedusega (sõeluuring: AOR=1,52; 95% uv 1,02–2,27), onkotsütoloogilise uuringu teostamisega (sõeluuring: AOR = 1,45; 95% uv 1,11–1,92) ja Pap-testi kõrvalekallete esinemisega (vaktsiin: AOR=2,62; 95% uv 1,70–4,04). Samuti oli teadlikkus suurem vanemate (sõeluuringu puhul: vs. > 40 eluaasta; AOR = 1,49; 95% uv 1,02–2,22) ja kõrgema sissetulekuga (vaktsiini puhul: I–II kvintiil vs. III–V kvintiil; AOR = 1,46; 95% uv 1,07–1,98) vastajate hulgas. Positiivselt oli seotud ennetusmeetmest teadlik olemine ja selle enesele vajalikuks pidamine (sõeluuring: AOR = 2,08; 95% uv 1,04–4,16; vaktsiin: AOR = 2,77; 95% uv 1,96–3,85). Märkimisväärne erinevus ilmnes kahe ennetusmeetme enesele vajalikuks hindamisel, kus 80,5% uurituist hindas enesele vajalikuks sõeluuringut ning vaid 23,7% vaktsiini.
 Järeldused. Analüüsi tulemused osutavad reproduktiivtervisega seotud terviseteenuste kasutamise ja teadlikkuse olulistele seostele, samas on naiste teadlikkus ennetusmeetmetest siiski vähene. Eestis on vaja jätkata teavitustööd emakakaelavähki ennetavatest meetmetest ning enam tähelepanu tuleb pöörata muukeelsele rahvastikule ja noorematele naistele. Samuti tuleb rakendada tõhusamat sekkumist teadlikkuse suurendamiseks ennetavatest meetmetest väljaspool raviteenuse pakkumise konteksti, et info jõuaks naisteni, kes arsti juures ei käi.
Eesti Arst 2013; 92(4):195–203
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2013
A first assessment of the ECB's management of foreign reserve assets. Revue ECU/EURO, N°50 Hors série (2000)
Creators: name: Levy-Rueff, Guy
Publisher: name: RESuME
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: European Central Bank
subject: Banque centrale européenne
subject: Eurosystem
subject: Eurosystème
subject: management of foreign reserve assets
subject: Gestion des avoirs de réserves de change
subject: Monetary Policy
subject: Politique monétaire
subject: Foreign Exchange Policy
subject: Politique de change

description: The Treaty establishing the European Community and the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank stipulate that the Eurosystem is responsible for holding and managing the foreign reserves of the Member States. Both the ECB and the NCBs hold foreign reserves. Currently, the foreign reserves of the Eurosystem amount to around EUR 350 billion, which includes those of the ECB amounting to around EUR 45 billion. Although the NCBs manage their own foreign reserves, their operations on the foreign exchange market are subject, above a certain limit, to the approval of the ECB, in order to ensure consistency with the single monetary policy of the Eurosystem.With regard to the ECB’s management of foreign reserves, the aim is to ensure that the ECB has an adequate amount of liquid resources available at short notice for foreign exchange interventions, if and when the Governing Council decides that this is necessary. This means that security and liquidity are the basic requirements for the investment of the foreign reserves. Under these constraints, the ECB’s foreign reserves should be managed prudently so as to maximise their value.The ECB can, of course, also fund intervention through other means, such as foreign exchange swaps, including those with other central banks. The capacity of the ECB for foreign exchange intervention is, therefore, not restricted to its foreign currency holdings.
RAAMATU TUTVUSTUS Oluline teejuht nii üliõpilastele kui ka praktiseerivatele arstidele
Creators: name: Erm, Triin
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013

description: Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):162
description: Eesti Arst, Märts 2013
The stability-oriented monetary policy strategy of the Eurosystem. Revue ECU/EURO, N°50 Hors série (2000)
Creators: name: European Central Bank
Publisher: name: RESuME
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: European Central Bank
subject: Banque centrale européenne
subject: Eurosystem
subject: Eurosystème
subject: monetary policy strategy
subject: stratégie de politique monétaire
subject: Price Stability
subject: Stabilité des prix

description: This is a reprint of an article that was first published in the January 1999 issue of the ECB Monthly Bulletin. Some minor editorial changes have been introduced to reflect the timing of this publication. It presents the aim of the newly adopted Eurosystem's monetary policy strategy. The strategy guides the single monetary policy of the Eurosystem, i.e. the ECB and the national central banks (NCBs) of the 11 Member States which adopted the euro from the start of Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).
Antigeenispetsiifiline vähi immunoteraapia: kuidas toimib melanoomi ja mitteväikeserakulise kopsuvähi vastane ravivaktsiin?
Creators: name: Sikut, Rein
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013

description: Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):167–171
description: Eesti Arst, Märts 2013
Éditorial. Revue ECU/EURO, N°50 Hors série (2000)
Creators: name: Guimbretière, Pierre
Publisher: name: RESuME
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Economic and Monetary Union
subject: Union économique et monétaire
subject: European Central Bank
subject: Banque centrale européenne
subject: Editorial
subject: Éditorial

description: When this publication was launched with the title "ECU" 12 years ago, its aim was to provide a range of information of particular use to experts and decision-makers working on European monetary issues. As convinced Europeans, our aim was also to promote the idea of a single European currency and thus to contribute, at our level, to the further development of the European Union.
Statistics for monetary union. Revue ECU/EURO, N°50 Hors série (2000)
Creators: name: Bull, Peter
Publisher: name: RESuME
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Eurosystem
subject: Eurosystème
subject: Monetary Policy
subject: Politique monétaire
subject: Eurostat
subject: European Central Bank
subject: Banque centrale européenne
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Statistiques

description: The availability of statistics is of vital importance to support the conduct of policy. Indeed, the Statutes of the ESCB and of the predecessor of the European Central Bank (ECB), the European Monetary Institute (EMI), mention statistics and statistical preparations as a task incumbent upon the two institutions. Peter Bull, Director General Statistics at the ECB, provides an in-depth presentation of the ECB's needs for statistics and the organisation of statistical work at the European level.
title: MultiverseJava
Creators: name: Sharma, Vishal
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Sequenced semantics, which was first proposed in the context of temporal databases, is the semantics for the evaluation of a program on values annotated with time metadata. The time metadata records when each value is “live” (is valid or has existence). Sequenced semantics stipulates that a computation on values annotated with temporal metadata must be equivalent to, in effect, running the computation at every time point with only the values alive at that time. Sequenced semantics is challenging to program because it is more than just a re-interpretation of the run-time behavior of a program; for instance, a sequenced “if-else” statement may need to evaluate both the “true” and “false” branches, in different time slices of the computation.
This thesis introduces MultiverseJava. MultiverseJava supports sequenced semantics for time stamped values in a Java program. Programmers currently have to resort to ad hoc methods to implement sequenced semantics in Java programs; hence, a better approach is needed. We show how MultiverseJava can be implemented using a MultiverseJava to Java translation. The translation layer weaves support for computing with the timestamped values into a Java program. This thesis describes the MultiverseJava architecture, the layer, semantic templates, and experiments to quantify the cost of MultiverseJava.
Properties of WNh stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: evidence for homogeneous evolution
Creators: name: Martins, F.
name: Hillier, D. J.
name: Bouret, J. C.
name: Depagne, E.
name: Foellmi, C.
name: Marchenko, S.
name: Moffat, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the physical properties of three WNh stars in the SMC to constrain stellar evolution beyond the main sequence at low metallicity and to investigate the metallicity dependence of the clumping properties of massive stars. We compute atmosphere models to derive the stellar and wind properties of the three WNh targets. A FUV/UV/optical/near-infrared analysis gives access to temperatures, luminosities, mass loss rates, terminal velocities and stellar abundances. All stars still have a large hydrogen mass fraction in their atmosphere, and show clear signs of CNO processing in their surface abundances. One of the targets can be accounted for by normal stellar evolution. It is a star with initial mass around 40-50 Msun in, or close to, the core He burning phase. The other two objects must follow a peculiar evolution, governed by fast rotation. In particular, one object is likely evolving homogeneously due to its position blue-ward of the main sequence and its high H mass fraction. The clumping factor of one star is found to be 0.15+/-0.05. This is comparable to values found for Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars, indicating that within the uncertainties, the clumping factor does not seem to depend on metallicity.
description: 16 pages. A&A accepted