cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Meeting Climate Targets Can Only Spur on Economic Growth with the Right Combination of Measures
Creators: name: Bönke, Timm
name: Dany-Knedlik, Geraldine
name: Röger, Werner
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Q43 Energy and the Macroeconomy
subject: Potentialwachstum
subject: Klimawandel
subject: Energiewende
subject: CO2 Preis

description: Reducing carbon emissions is essential to meeting climate targets. What is unclear, however, is which measures are required to do so and what impact they would have on economic growth. In this Weekly Report, a macroeconomic model is used to observe four scenarios in comparison to a baseline scenario without emissions reduction. It is analyzed which effects different measures, such as technological progress developing at an increased speed and/or carbon pricing, would have on economic growth and emissions targets. Assuming that energy-saving technological progress develops as it has in the past, meeting the emissions targets will require a relatively high carbon price, which has a dampening effect on economic growth. If energy-saving technological progress were to develop at a faster pace, emissions targets could be met without carbon pricing and there would be slight growth. Therefore, consideration should be given to how much accompanying economic and climate policy measures can mitigate potential growth losses and distributional effects.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 13 (2023), 34/35, S. 235-242
title: Ukrainian Refugees: Nearly Half Intend to Stay in Germany for the Longer Term
Creators: name: Brücker, Herbert
name: Ette, Andreas
name: Grabka, Markus M.
name: Kosyakova, Yuliya
name: Niehues, Wenke
name: Rother, Nina
name: Spieß, C. Katharina
name: Zinn, Sabine
name: Bujard, Martin
name: Décieux, Jean Philippe
name: Maddox, Amrei
name: Schmitz, Sophia
name: Schwanhäuser, Silvia
name: Siegert, Manuel
name: Steinhauer, Hans Walter
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: I31 General Welfare
subject: J31 Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
subject: Ukrainian refugees
subject: labor market participation
subject: income
subject: language acquisition
subject: intention to stay
subject: integration
subject: health of children
subject: child care

description: Millions of Ukrainians have been displaced by the Russian war on Ukraine, with over one million alone coming to Germany since the beginning of the war. Data from the second survey wave of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Ukrainian Refugees in Germany study show that as of the beginning of 2023, an increasing share of Ukrainian refugees plan on staying in Germany for the longer term. Around three quarters have found private accommodation and a similarly large share have already attended or are currently attending German language courses. Eighteen percent of the 18 to 64 year olds are employed; of the rest, over two thirds intend to start working immediately or within the next year. While almost all refugee children and adolescents of school age are attending a general or vocational school in Germany, only six out of ten children between three and six years old are attending daycare. To increase refugees’ social participation and, in light of the high share of mothers among them, childcare options should be improved. This would facilitate participation in integration and language courses as well as the path to employment. In addition, it is crucial to quickly decide on the extension of Ukrainian refugees’ right of residence, which is currently limited until March 2024, thus making their legal status more certain and planning possible.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 13 (2023), 28, S. 203-214
title: Инклюзивные программы для особых посетителей в фондохранилище музея-заповедника «Кижи»
Creators: name: Плотникова, Виктория
name: Стеблевец, Оксана
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: В данной статье рассмотрены возможности социокультурной реабилитации людей, имеющих ограниченные возможности здоровья. Туризм как форма социокультурной реабилитации предполагает доступ всех людей без ограничений к разнообразным туристским услугам и продуктам через организацию мобильной, визуальной, слуховой, когнитивной туристской среды. Участие в экскурсиях является одним из компонентов инклюзивного туризма, что дает возможность предложить музею-заповеднику «Кижи» новую экскурсию, предназначенную для посетителей с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата. Представлен проект экскурсии «Открытые фонды», адаптированный для людей, имеющих ограничения в передвижении.
Sub and supercritical stochastic quasi-geostrophic equation
Creators: name: Röckner, Michael
name: Zhu, Rongchan
name: Zhu, Xiangchan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the 2D stochastic quasi-geostrophic equation on $\mathbb{T}^2$ for general parameter $α\in(0,1)$ and multiplicative noise. We prove the existence of weak solutions and Markov selections for multiplicative noise for all $α\in(0,1)$. In the subcritical case $α>1/2$, we prove existence and uniqueness of (probabilistically) strong solutions. Moreover, we prove ergodicity for the solution of the stochastic quasi-geostrophic equations in the subcritical case driven by possibly degenerate noise. The law of large numbers for the solution of the stochastic quasi-geostrophic equations in the subcritical case is also established. In the case of nondegenerate noise and $α>2/3$ in addition exponential ergodicity is proved.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOP887 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Heating and Electricity Expenses: Saving Incentives Not Impacting Basic Income Recipients
Creators: name: Felder, Lars
name: Haan, Peter
name: Bach, Stefan
name: Schill, Wolf-Peter
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Q41 Energy: Demand and Supply
subject: H53 National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: energy cost
subject: heating cost
subject: social transfers
subject: income distribution

description: Basic income benefits cover recipients’ actual heating expenses as long as they are not unusually high. In contrast, their electricity expenses are only covered via a lump sum at the standard rate. Thus, basic income recipients have weaker incentives for reducing their heating expenses than for reducing their electricity expenses. Using Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data, it can be seen that basic income households have higher electricity bills despite this incentive: On average, they spend five euros more on heating and nine euros more on electricity than comparable households not receiving basic income. These higher bills may be due to a lack of sufficient information about their expenses and ways to save energy, or they are unable to save due to non-energy efficient electrical appliances and longer attendance time at home. These interrelationships need to be taken into consideration when drawing up a climate policy that aims to provide savings incentives by increasing the CO2 price; such a policy can only be effective if households are able to react to price incentives. Thus, in addition to increasing the CO2 price, targeted subsidy programs for energy efficiency measures as well as information campaigns for households are needed.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 13 (2023), 14/15/16, S. 113-118
Culex albopictus Skuse, Sp. nov.
Creators: name: F. A. Skuse
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1894
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae
Culex
Culex albopictus

description: Culex albopictus, Skuse, Sp. nov.
 Female. — Length of antennae 1*50 ram.; expanse of wings 2.50 x 0.50 mm.; length of body 3 -3.50 mm.
 Black with silvery-white markings. Antennae somewhat shorter than the proboscis, joints of the scapus with silvery scales. Head with silvery-white scales on the front and sides. Proboscis five times the length of the palpi, the latter tipped with silvery scales. Thorax traversed by a line of silvery scales for rather more than its anterior half; pleurae spotted with silvery white; scutellum with minute silvery hairs. Abdomen twice the length of the thorax, the segments bordered with a narrow band of silvery scales, and with lateral silvery spots. Legs: femora with a silvery line beneath and slightly tipped with silvery scales; tarsi, the first two joints in the fore and intermediate legs with a narrow silvery-white ring at the base; broad rings at the base of all the joints of the tarsi in the hind legs, the last joint entirely white. In the hind-legs the tibia about one-third longer than the metatarsus. Wings the length of the abdomen, pellucid, iridescent, the veins clothed with linear black scales. Auxiliary vein joining the cocta at a point a little before the posterior branch of the fifth longitudinal vein; middle cross-vein indistinct, shorter than the posterior cross-vein, situated beyond it scarcely a distance equal to twice the length of the latter; first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, their bases opposite or almost opposite; anterior branch of the fifth longitudinal vein originating about midway between the origin of the second longitudinal vein and the tip of the sixth longitudinal.
 Hab. — Bengal.
 Type in Australian Museum.
 Three specimens received from Mr. E. C. Cotes, who informs me that this insect is a great nuisance in Calcutta. The species is 'allied to  C. nostoscriptus,  Sk., from New South Wales, and  C.  bancrofti, Sk., from Queensland, hut the silvery ornamentation of the thorax in these latter is of an elaborate pattern (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., Yol. I l l (Ser. 2), 1838, pp. 1738, 1710).
description: Published as part of F. A. Skuse, 1894, The banded mosquito of Bengal, pp. 20 in Indian Museum Notes 3 (5) on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.163480
On Gerber-Shiu functions and optimal dividend distribution for a Lévy risk process in the presence of a penalty function
Creators: name: Avram, F.
name: Palmowski, Z.
name: Pistorius, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper concerns an optimal dividend distribution problem for an insurance company whose risk process evolves as a spectrally negative Lévy process (in the absence of dividend payments). The management of the company is assumed to control timing and size of dividend payments. The objective is to maximize the sum of the expected cumulative discounted dividend payments received until the moment of ruin and a penalty payment at the moment of ruin, which is an increasing function of the size of the shortfall at ruin; in addition, there may be a fixed cost for taking out dividends. A complete solution is presented to the corresponding stochastic control problem. It is established that the value-function is the unique stochastic solution and the pointwise smallest stochastic supersolution of the associated HJB equation. Furthermore, a necessary and sufficient condition is identified for optimality of a single dividend-band strategy, in terms of a particular Gerber-Shiu function. A number of concrete examples are analyzed.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AAP1038 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: War in the Balkans
title: War in the Balkans
Creators: name: Hall, Richard C.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Balkankriege
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Balkan Peninsula--History--War of 1912-1913
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Balkan Peninsula

description: The Balkan Wars erupted in South Eastern Europe in October 1912. Fighting continued intermittently in the region until July 1914. As the First World War expanded into much of Europe, fighting continued throughout the South East until the autumn of 1918. In South Eastern Europe, the Balkan Wars and the First World War must be understood as a single community.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
More Alike than Different: Quantifying Deviations of Brain Structure and Function in Major Depressive Disorder across Neuroimaging Modalities
Creators: name: Winter, Nils R.
name: Leenings, Ramona
name: Ernsting, Jan
name: Sarink, Kelvin
name: Fisch, Lukas
name: Emden, Daniel
name: Blanke, Julian
name: Goltermann, Janik
name: Opel, Nils
name: Barkhau, Carlotta
name: Meinert, Susanne
name: Dohm, Katharina
name: Repple, Jonathan
name: Mauritz, Marco
name: Gruber, Marius
name: Leehr, Elisabeth J.
name: Grotegerd, Dominik
name: Redlich, Ronny
name: Jansen, Andreas
name: Nenadic, Igor
name: Nöthen, Markus
name: Forstner, Andreas
name: Rietschel, Marcella
name: Groß, Joachim
name: Bauer, Jochen
name: Heindel, Walter
name: Andlauer, Till
name: Eickhoff, Simon
name: Kircher, Tilo
name: Dannlowski, Udo
name: Hahn, Tim
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: arXiv 1-8 (2021). doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2112.10730
description: Introduction: Identifying neurobiological differences between patients suffering from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and healthy individuals has been a mainstay of clinical neuroscience for decades. However, recent meta- and mega-analyses have raised concerns regarding the replicability and clinical relevance of brain alterations in depression. Methods: Here, we systematically investigate healthy controls and MDD patients across a comprehensive range of modalities including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging, functional task-based and resting-state MRI under near-ideal conditions. To this end, we quantify the upper bounds of univariate effect sizes, predictive utility, and distributional dissimilarity in a fully harmonized cohort of N=1,809 participants. We compare the results to an MDD polygenic risk score (PRS) and environmental variables. Results: The upper bound of the effect sizes range from partial eta squared = .004 to .017, distributions overlap between 89% and 95%, with classification accuracies ranging between 54% and 55% across neuroimaging modalities. This pattern remains virtually unchanged when considering only acutely or chronically depressed patients. Differences are comparable to those found for PRS, but substantially smaller than for environmental variables. Discussion: We provide a large-scale, multimodal analysis of univariate biological differences between MDD patients and controls and show that even under near-ideal conditions and for maximum biological differences, deviations are extremely small and similarity dominates. We sketch an agenda for a new focus of future research in biological psychiatry facilitating quantitative, theory-driven research, an emphasis on computational psychiatry and multivariate machine learning approaches, as well as the utilization of ecologically valid phenotyping.
description: Published by arXiv
Lipschitz-Volume rigidity in Alexandrov geometry
Creators: name: Li, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a Lipschitz-Volume rigidity theorem in Alexandrov geometry, that is, if a 1-Lipschitz map $f\colon X=\amalg X_\ell\to Y$ between Alexandrov spaces preserves volume, then it is a path isometry and an isometry when restricted to the interior of $X$. We furthermore characterize the metric structure on $Y$ with respect to $X$ when $f$ is also onto. This implies the converse of Petrunin's Gluing Theorem: if a gluing of two Alexandrov spaces via a bijection between their boundaries produces an Alexandrov space, then the bijection must be an isometry.
description: This is the published version on AIM
title: War Surveillance Office (Austria-Hungary)
title: War Surveillance Office (Austria-Hungary)
Creators: name: Scheer, Tamara
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Österreich-Ungarn / Kriegsüberwachungsamt
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Austria
subject: Censorship

description: During the First World War, Austria-Hungary implemented a state of emergency with several emergency laws overseen by the ''kaiserlich und königlich ''(''k.u.k.'') ''Kriegsüberwachungsamt'' (war surveillance office, abbreviated KÜA). Although it presided over both halves of the empire, the KÜA never had an impact on the Hungarian state of emergency. It was important in press and post censorship, trade restrictions, internments, and cases of denunciation by the population.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Le frontiere dell’Italia nelle cronache musicali della «Gazzetta Privilegiata di Venezia»
Creators: name: Cesari, Francesco
Publisher: name: Pavia University Press - Edizioni dell'Università degli Studi di Pavia
Year: 2021

description: L’articolo mira a inquadrare il concetto di “italianità in musica” attraverso le cronache pubblicate nella stampa veneziana del decennio 1816-1825. I recensori evidenziano le peculiarità della musica italiana contemporanea comparandola da un lato con quella austro-tedesca e dall’altro con quella italiana della fine del XVIII secolo; in particolare con i lavori dei maestri della scuola napoletana, eletti a canone estetico. Accade così che la musica d’oltralpe e quella di Rossini siano censurate per il medesimo vizio di discostarsi da quel modello aureo. Ma in cosa consisterebbe allora l’“italianità in musica” agli occhi dei critici veneziani? Non nelle sue forme, di cui non si fa quasi mai menzione, bensì nelle prerogative dell’idioma italiano, alle quali i recensori riconducono pregi, caratteristiche e fortune della musica italiana.
description: Philomusica on-line, Vol 19, N° 1 (2020): Musica e identità culturali nell’Italia dell’Ottocento
title: Colonies (Italy)
title: Colonies (Italy)
Creators: name: Berhe, Simona
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2018

description: The Italian colonies, with the partial exception of Libya, played only a secondary role in the Great War. By virtue of not sharing borders with any German colonial territories, Italian overseas possessions were spared the conflict between the European powers in which other African countries became involved. Nonetheless, the First World War did have an impact upon the internal situation in the Italian colonial territories: while in Libya there erupted an anti-colonial revolt backed by the Central Powers, Eritrea and Somalia were affected by operations planned by the pan-Islamic network, which in the Horn of Africa was mainly sustained by Ethiopia. Finally, in the Dodecanese the war exacerbated the inter-ethnic divisions pitting the local Greek population against the Italian occupiers.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Construction Boom Coming to an End; Change in Policy Strategy Needed
Creators: name: Gornig, Martin
name: Pagenhardt, Laura
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: E32 Business Fluctuations; Cycles
subject: E66 General Outlook and Conditions
subject: Construction industry
subject: residential construction
subject: public infrastructure
subject: economic outlook

description: Following the construction boom of recent years in Germany, inflation and supply bottlenecks hit the industry hard in 2022. While nominal construction volume increased by nearly 14 percent, it decreased by two percent when adjusted for inflation. Residential construction, which is urgently needed, was particularly affected. In 2023 and 2024, it is expected that investors will show restraint and that nominal construction volume will only grow by four to five percent due to rising construction costs and worsening financing conditions. However, the core construction industry should also benefit from the upturn in construction activity, particularly in commercial and public sector construction. The decrease in real construction volume is putting policymakers under enormous pressure and requires a strategy change. Key policy goals can only be achieved if construction capacities are significantly expanded, not shrunk. Policy should focus in particular on incentives for the redensification of existing buildings, for energy-efficient refurbishment, and for expanding municipal infrastructure.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 13 (2023), 1/2, S. 3-14
A Group Intervention for HIV/STI Risk Reduction among Indian Couples
Creators: name: Nehra, Ritu
name: Bagga, Rashmi
name: Jones, Deborah
name: Deepika, Deepika
name: Sethi, Sunil
name: Sharma, Sunil
name: Weiss, Stephen
Publisher: name: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Sexual barrier ; HIV ; STI ; Intervention ; India

description: Background: HIV in India is transmitted primarily by heterosexual contact. The present study sought to test the feasibility of a group HIV/STI risk re¬duction intervention among heterosexual couples in India. Methods: Focus groups and key informant interviews were used in 2008 to cul-turally tailor the intervention. Thirty sexually active and HIV/STI negative cou¬ples were enrolled and assessed regarding risk behavior and sexual barrier accept¬ability. Gender-concordant group sessions used cognitive behavioral strategies for HIV/STI prevention.Results: At baseline, male condom use was low (36%); no participants re¬ported use of female condoms or vaginal gels. HIV knowledge was low; women had more HIV knowledge and more positive attitudes towards con¬dom use than men. Post-intervention, willingness to use all barrier products (t = 10.0, P< .001) and intentions to avoid risk behavior increased (t = 5.62, P< .001).Conclusion: This study illustrates the feasibility of utilizing a group interven¬tion to enhance HIV/STI risk reduction among Indian couples.
description: Health Promotion Perspectives; EISSN 2228-6497
title: Kitchener, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, Earl
title: Kitchener, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, Earl
Creators: name: Simkins, Peter
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Kitchener, Horatio Herbert
subject: Kitchener, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, Earl, 1850-1916

description: In foreseeing a long war and creating Britain's first mass army, Kitchener made a crucial contribution to the eventual Allied victory, but the widening nature of the conflict, and his own unwillingness to delegate, burdened him with an overwhelming workload which undermined his performance as Secretary of State for War.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The Narrative structure of scientific theorizing
Creators: name: Rosales, Alirio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: I argue that many scientific theories and explanations are irreducibly narrative in character. To this end I propose an account of a generalized narrative, which goes against the widespread view that narratives are by definition particularized. On my account, generalized narratives are sequences of causally connected event-types in the duration of a system, with a beginning, middle and end (whereas particularized narratives are causally connected sequences of event-tokens). Many important scientific theories have a narrative structure that is not reducible to the kinds of formal statements typically identified with theory formulations, i.e., equations and “if-then” conditionals. Similarly, some scientific explanations have a narrative structure that is not reducible to the structure of an “argument” with premises and a conclusion. Narratives, generalized or particularized, play a threefold role in theorizing: heuristic, structural, and explanatory: 1) Through narratives, scientists explore imaginative scenarios where possible causal connections and outcomes are explored before a mathematical or otherwise formal framework is in place; 2) Narratives constitute the core of some theories, and can embed formal elements in them; 3) The causal order of event-types or event-tokens forms the basis of explanations. Throughout, I motivate and illustrate my proposal with examples from evolutionary biology and physics.
Electromotive interference in a mechanically oscillating superconductor: generalized Josephson relations and self-sustained oscillations of a torsional SQUID
Creators: name: Konschelle, François
name: Blanter, Yaroslav M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the superconducting phase in a moving superconductor and show that it depends on the displacement flux. Generalized constitutive relations between the phase of a superconducting interference device (SQUID) and the position of the oscillating loop are then established. In particular, we show that the Josephson current and voltage depend on both the SQUID position and velocity. The two proposed relativistic corrections to the Josephson relations come from the macroscopic displacement of a quantum condensate according to the (non-inertial) Galilean covariance of the Schrödinger equation, and the kinematic displacement of the quasi-classical interfering path. In particular, we propose an alternative demonstration for the London rotating superconductor effect (also known as the London momentum) using the covariance properties of the Schrödinger equation. As an illustration, we show how these electromotive effects can induce self-sustained oscillations of a torsional SQUID, when the entire loop oscillates due to an applied dc-current.
description: Accepted version
MOESM6 of CircPLEKHM3 acts as a tumor suppressor through regulation of the miR-9/BRCA1/DNAJB6/KLF4/AKT1 axis in ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Zhang, Lei
name: Zhou, Qing
name: Qiu, Qiongzi
name: Hou, Ling
name: Wu, Mengting
name: Li, Jia
name: Li, Xufan
name: Lu, Bingjian
name: Cheng, Xiaodong
name: Liu, Pengyuan
name: Lu, Weiguo
name: Lu, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6: Figure S3. PLEKHM3 and circPLEKHM3 detected by agarose gel electrophoresis of A2780 and OV90 cells.
On well-posedness of forward-backward SDEs-A unified approach
Creators: name: Ma, Jin
name: Wu, Zhen
name: Zhang, Detao
name: Zhang, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the well-posedness of the Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) in a general non-Markovian framework. The main purpose is to find a unified scheme which combines all existing methodology in the literature, and to address some fundamental longstanding problems for non-Markovian FBSDEs. An important device is a decoupling random field that is regular (uniformly Lipschitz in its spatial variable). We show that the regulariy of such decoupling field is closely related to the bounded solution to an associated characteristic BSDE, a backward stochastic Riccati-type equation with superlinear growth in both components $Y$ and $Z$. We establish various sufficient conditions for the well-posedness of an ODE that dominates the characteristic BSDE, which leads to the existence of the desired regular decoupling random field, whence the solvability of the original FBSDE. A synthetic analysis of the solvability is given, as a "User's Guide," for a large class of FBSDEs that are not covered by the existing methods. Some of them have important implications in applications.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AAP1046 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Charitable Giving and Income: Households with High Income Donate Less than Poorer Households Relative to Their Disposable Income
Creators: name: Schulz-Sandhof, Karsten
name: Schupp, Jürgen
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: D64 Altruism
subject: Z13 Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification
subject: donations
subject: charitable giving
subject: income
subject: SOEP

description: For the first time in 2020, the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), an annual survey of private households, surveyed the donation behavior of a random sample of high net worth individuals that had been added in 2019. As a result of this sample, the volume of private donations increased from 9.7 to 10.3 billion euros in 2019, despite the fact that fewer individuals donated and the donation rate was lower (46.8 percent vs. 43.3 percent) than in 2017. The donation volume for 2021 will increase to 12.9 billion euros, its development extrapolated using the DZI Donation Index (DZI Spenden-Index). Socio-economic analyses of SOEP data show that income has a clear influence on donation behavior. Although the richest ten percent of households contribute 37 percent of total donations, they donate less than the poorer income groups relative to their disposable income. Despite this, the tax benefit from charitable giving is greater for richer households than for poorer because it is based on the marginal tax rate. Equal tax treatment for donors regardless of income could increase the willingness to donate.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 12 (2022), 45/46, S. 283-292
Confidence-based Reasoning in Stochastic Constraint Programming
Creators: name: Rossi, Roberto
name: Hnich, Brahim
name: Tarim, S. Armagan
name: Prestwich, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we introduce a novel approach, based on sampling, for finding assignments that are likely to be solutions to stochastic constraint satisfaction problems and constraint optimisation problems. Our approach reduces the size of the original problem being analysed; by solving this reduced problem, with a given confidence probability, we obtain assignments that satisfy the chance constraints in the original model within prescribed error tolerance thresholds. To achieve this, we blend concepts from stochastic constraint programming and statistics. We discuss both exact and approximate variants of our method. The framework we introduce can be immediately employed in concert with existing approaches for solving stochastic constraint programs. A thorough computational study on a number of stochastic combinatorial optimisation problems demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
description: 53 pages, working draft
title: Activation of New ECB Emergency Program TPI Has Not Yet Been Required
Creators: name: Bernoth, Kerstin
name: Dietz, Sara
name: Ider, Gökhan
name: Lastra, Rosa María
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: E42 Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
subject: E43 Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
subject: E52 Monetary Policy
subject: E58 Central Banks and Their Policies
subject: K20 Regulation and Business Law: General
subject: monetary policy transmission
subject: asset purchase programmes
subject: sovereign bond yield spreads
subject: bond market fragmentation
subject: Transmission Protection Instrument

description: Since the beginning of 2022, monetary policy in the euro area has been gradually normalizing. As a result, bond yields of highly indebted countries such as Italy and Greece are rising more sharply than those of countries with less debt, such as Germany, a development referred to as bond market fragmentation. To ensure the coherent effectiveness of monetary policy on economic developments and, ultimately, price developments in all euro area Member States, the Governing Council of the European Central Bank announced the Transmission Protection Instrument (TPI) in July 2022. The TPI intends to make it possible to selectively purchase government bonds from countries whose interest rate increases are not considered to be justified by macroeconomic fundamentals, thus preventing a disorderly divergence in interest rate levels between countries. This Weekly Report analyzes the economic and legal aspects of this new monetary policy instrument. Estimates from the empirical model show that current yield spreads between government bonds of euro area member states cannot yet be justified as disorderly; rising yields can be explained by a worsening of macroeconomic fundamentals and stricter general risk assessments. Therefore, the requirements for activating the TPI have not yet been fulfilled. In addition, TPI raises concerns from a legal perspective.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 12 (2022), 40, S. 249-256
Hochschild homology of structured algebras
Creators: name: Wahl, Nathalie
name: Westerland, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a general method for constructing explicit and natural operations on the Hochschild complex of algebras over any PROP with $A_\infty$--multiplication---we think of such algebras as $A_\infty$--algebras "with extra structure". As applications, we obtain an integral version of the Costello-Kontsevich-Soibelman moduli space action on the Hochschild complex of open TCFTs, the Tradler-Zeinalian action of Sullivan diagrams on the Hochschild complex of strict Frobenius algebras, and give applications to string topology in characteristic zero. Our main tool is a generalization of the Hochschild complex.
description: Substantial revision in sections 2 (graph models) and 6 (the examples). Introduction revised
title: Changes in Working Hours Are Driving Earnings Inequality
Creators: name: Beckmannshagen, Mattis
name: Schröder, Carsten
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: D63 Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
subject: J22 Time Allocation and Labor Supply
subject: J31 Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
subject: Earnings inequality
subject: Working hours
subject: Hours mismatch
subject: Part-time work
subject: Decomposition analysis

description: According to Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data, inequality in gross monthly earnings in Germany increased significantly between 1993 and 2003 and has been stagnating at a high level since 2008. As this Weekly Report shows, the increase is not being driven by higher hourly wage inequality, but rather by working hours: In recent years, employees with a high hourly wage work more than previously compared to employees with a low hourly wage. In particular, this applies to two groups whose share of the workforce has increased significantly in recent years: employed women and service sector employees. Had employees been able to work their desired number of hours, the rise in inequality would have been more moderate. A better work-life balance and more opportunities to increase working hours in the low-wage sector could counteract this trend.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 12 (2022), 32/33/34, S. 195-201
Algebro-Geometric Solutions of the Generalized Virasoro Constraints
Creators: name: Martín, Francisco José Plaza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14H71 (Primary), 14D24, 81R10, 81T40

description: We will describe algebro-geometric solutions of the KdV hierarchy whose $τ$-functions in addition satisfy a generalization of the Virasoro constraints (and, in particular, a generalization of the string equation). We show that these solutions are closely related to embeddings of the positive half of the Virasoro algebra into the Lie algebra of differential operators on the circle. Our results are tested against the case of Witten-Kontsevich $τ$-function. As by-products, we exhibit certain links of our methods with double covers of the projective line equipped with a line bundle and with ${\rm Gl}(n)$-opers on the punctured disk.
Di tante patrie. Identità regionali e strategie editoriali nella lirica vocale da camera dell’Ottocento
Creators: name: Steffan, Carlida
Publisher: name: Pavia University Press - Edizioni dell'Università degli Studi di Pavia
Year: 2021

description: Il 150° anniversario dell’unità (2011) non ha esaurito la discussione sulla complessità dei processi identitari. Essi inclusero lo sforzo di costruire una cittadinanza comune attraverso una lingua e una cultura condivisa, pur conservando le declinazioni linguistiche e culturali regionali. Questo contributo indaga – senza affrontare questioni etnografiche – la presenza di pagine ‘folkloristiche’ e di canti ‘popolari’ nella lirica vocale da salotto. Si prendono in considerazione le strategie editoriali legate a questo repertorio e le tipicizzazioni folkloristiche che rappresentano l’‘italianità’ nei salotti europei nella prima metà del secolo (canzone napoletana, barcarola veneziana, poi stornelli toscani). Dopo l’unità si assiste a un ritorno d’interesse per le multiple identità locali: a ciò corrisponde una ricca fioritura di pubblicazioni dedicate ai canti popolari di altre regioni (abruzzesi, siciliani, lombardi).
description: Philomusica on-line, Vol 19, N° 1 (2020): Musica e identità culturali nell’Italia dell’Ottocento
title: Markedly More Women on Executive Boards of Large Companies; Inclusion Requirement Seemingly Already Having an Effect
Creators: name: Kirsch, Anja
name: Sondergeld, Virginia
name: Wrohlich, Katharina
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: D22 Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
subject: J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: J59 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other
subject: J78 Labor Discrimination: Public Policy
subject: L21 Business Objectives of the Firm
subject: L32 Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
subject: M14 Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
subject: M51 Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
subject: corporate boards
subject: board composition
subject: boards of directors
subject: boarddiversity
subject: Europe
subject: women directors
subject: gender equality
subject: gender quota
subject: Germany
subject: management
subject: private companies
subject: public companies
subject: supervisory boards
subject: executiveboards
subject: CEOs
subject: women
subject: finance industry
subject: financial sector
subject: private and public banks
subject: insurance companies.

description: There was a significant increase in the number of women on executive boards of large companies in Germany from 2020 to 2021 after years of slow progress: In fall 2021, there were 139 women on the executive boards of the 200 largest companies, 38 more than in 2020. This is an increase of a good three percentage points to almost 15 percent, the largest seen since the beginning of the DIW Berlin Women Executives Barometer in 2006. There were also markedly more female executive board members on average in the DAX companies. The inclusion requirement for executive boards (Beteiligungsgebot für Vorstände), which was adopted in 2021 and comes into effect in August 2022, has clearly resulted in anticipation effects: The share of female executive board members of companies subject to the requirement has increased from a good 14 percent to a good 19 percent. In contrast, the share of female executive board members of companies not subject to the requirement only increased from 11 percent to around 14 percent. Similar to the gender quota for supervisory boards, this shows that statutory requirements are an effective instrument for increasing the share of women on boards. The momentum in supervisory boards, however, was markedly weaker in 2021 than in previous years.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 12 (2022), 3/4, S. 20-31
title: While Gender Quotas for Top Positions in the Private Sector Differ across EU Countries, They Are Effective Overall
Creators: name: Kirsch, Anja
name: Sondergeld, Virginia
name: Wrohlich, Katharina
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: D22 Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
subject: J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: J59 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other
subject: J78 Labor Discrimination: Public Policy
subject: L21 Business Objectives of the Firm
subject: L32 Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
subject: M14 Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
subject: M51 Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
subject: corporate boards
subject: board composition
subject: boards of directors
subject: boarddiversity
subject: Europe
subject: women directors
subject: gender equality
subject: gender quota
subject: Germany
subject: management
subject: private companies
subject: public companies
subject: supervisory boards
subject: executiveboards
subject: CEOs
subject: women
subject: finance industry
subject: financial sector
subject: private and public banks
subject: insurance companies

description: This second report in the DIW Berlin Women Executives Barometer 2022 explores the designs and effects of gender quotas across Europe, coming to the conclusion that they are an effective instrument for increasing the share of women in top positions at large companies. Furthermore, the quotas differ greatly between the countries, for example in regard to the number of companies subject to the quota, the concrete quota targets, or sanctions. Using European data for the years 2003 to 2021, this report shows that the group of nine EU countries that have introduced a gender quota has a significantly greater share of women on top decision-making bodies than the group of the non-quota EU countries (almost 35 percent compared to 22 percent). Generally, the share of female non-executive directors (in Germany, this refers to supervisory board members) is higher than the share of female executive directors. The effectiveness of quota regulations has been confirmed by calculations that take into account that certain factors differ by country, such as cultural norms regarding gender roles or labor market policy and family policy. Against this background, the President of the European Commission’s initiative to advance a draft directive for more equal representation of men and women on the boards of large companies appears helpful. The proposal is currently being blocked in the Council of the EU. If this changes, the share of women on boards could increase, especially in the countries that do not yet have a mandatory gender quota.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 12 (2022), 3/4, S. 32-39
Simultaneous large deviations for the shape of Young diagrams associated with random words
Creators: name: Houdré, Christian
name: Ma, Jinyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the large deviations of the shape of the random RSK Young diagrams associated with a random word of size $n$ whose letters are independently drawn from an alphabet of size $m=m(n)$. When the letters are drawn uniformly and when both $n$ and $m$ converge together to infinity, $m$ not growing too fast with respect to $n$, the large deviations of the shape of the Young diagrams are shown to be the same as that of the spectrum of the traceless GUE. In the non-uniform case, a control of both highest probabilities will ensure that the length of the top row of the diagram satisfies a large deviation principle. In either case, both speeds and rate functions are identified. To complete our study, non-asymptotic concentration bounds for the length of the top row of the diagrams, that is, for the length of the longest increasing subsequence of the random word are also given for both models.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/14-BEJ612 in the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
title: Research and Development Abroad: German Companies Focus on Strengths Similar to Those at Home
Creators: name: Belitz, Heike
name: Lejpras, Anna
name: Priem, Maximilian
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: D24 Production; Cost; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
subject: F21 International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements
subject: L60 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General
subject: O31 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
subject: R&D
subject: Patents
subject: Globalisation
subject: German Multinationals

description: More than one in four patents that major German companies apply for is based on inventions from their research laboratories abroad. In three quarters of the cases, the companies have focused on technologies in which they are very strong at home. Therefore, to a great extent the technological research and development performance at their home location determines the innovative power of globally active German companies. As the present report also shows, based on patent data, most foreign research activities abroad either supplement domestic activities or support sales and production abroad. Internationalization strategies intended to compensate for technological deficits at home have a lower proportion. German companies in the information and communication technology industries, whose importance is increasing in the wake of digitalization, are the primary implementers of such strategies. To better be able to acquire and use the knowledge companies gain abroad, the research in these technological fields of the future should be strengthened in Germany as well. As a research location, Germany can benefit from the continuing internationalization of its globally active companies if public research, at universities for example, can expand their technological basis and remain attractive cooperation partners to said companies.
description: DIW Weekly Report, 9 (2019), 35/36, S. 313-321