cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A LINEAR MODELING APPROACH ON LTGP SIGNALS AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY
Creators: name: IJCCMS
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This study illustrates presents a set of the Long – Term Geoelectric Potential (LTGP) measurements thatare collected for experimental investigation in Western Greece during a five–year period (1993 – 1997).During this period, many major destructive earthquake events occurred that caused human casualties andextended material damages. The collection and processing of geoelectric measurements was done by anautomated data acquisition system at the Seismological Laboratory of the University of Patras, Greece.This novel study considers seismic activity of this area as a typical linear dynamic system and the dynamicrelationship between the magnitude of earthquakes and Long – Term Geoelectric Potential signals isinferred by the Recursive Least Square algorithm. The results are encouraging and show that lineardynamic systems, which are widely used in modern control theory, can describe efficiently the dynamicbehavior of seismic activity and become a useful interpretative tool of seismic phenomenon.
Model independent search for transient multimessenger events with AMON using outlier detection methods
Creators: name: Gregoire, T.
name: Solares, H. A. Ayala
name: Coutu, S.
name: Cowen, D.
name: DeLaunay, J. J.
name: Fox, D. B.
name: Keivani, A.
name: Krauss, F.
name: Mostafá, M.
name: Murase, K.
name: Neights, E.
name: Turley, C. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) receives subthreshold data from multiple observatories in order to look for coincidences. Combining more than two datasets at the same time is challenging because of the range of possible signals (time windows, energies, number of events...). However, outlier detection methods can circumvent this issue by identifying any signal divergent from the background (e.g. scrambled data). We propose to use these methods to make a model independent combination of the subthreshold data of neutrino and gamma ray experiments. Using the python outlier detection (PyOD) package, it allows us to test several methods from a simple "k-nearest neighbours" algorithm to a more sophisticated Generative Adversarial Active Learning neural networks which generates data points to better discriminate inliers from outliers.
Ion-atom-atom three-body recombination: from the cold to the thermal regime
Creators: name: Mirahmadi, Marjan
name: Pérez-Ríos, Jesús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study on ion-atom-atom reaction A+A+B$^+$ in a wide range of systems and collision energies ranging from 100$~μ$K to 10$^5~$K, analyzing the two possible products: molecules and molecular ions. The dynamics is performed via a direct three-body formalism based on a classical trajectory method in hyperspherical coordinates developed in [J. Chem. Phys. $\textbf{140}$, 044307 (2014)]. Our chief finding is that the dissociation energy of the molecular ion product acts as a threshold energy separating the low and high energy regimes. In the low energy regime, the long-range tail of the three-body potential dictates the fate of the reaction and the main reaction product. On the contrary, in the high energy regime, the short-range of atom-atom and atom-ion interaction potential dominates the dynamics, enhancing molecular formation for the low energy regime.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, and 1 table. Submitted to The Journal of Chemical Physics
Lysyl hydroxylase 2 induces a collagen cross-link switch in tumor stroma
Creators: name: Zal, Tomasz
name: Yang, Yanan
name: Puperi, Daniel S.
name: Behrens, Carmen
name: Burns, Alan R.
name: Kim, Min P.
name: Kurie, Jonathan M.
name: Pati, Debananda
name: Blackmon, Shanda H.
name: Wistuba, Ignacio I.
name: Creighton, Chad J.
name: Watanabe, Takeshi
name: Rodriguez, Jaime
name: Grande-Allen, K. Jane
name: Guilak, Farshid
name: Terajima, Masahiko
name: Liu, Hui
name: Thilaganathan, Nishan
name: Yamauchi, Mitsuo
name: Scott, Kenneth L.
name: Minelli, Rosalba
name: Pankova, Daniela
name: Ahn, Young-Ho
name: Sanchez-Adams, Johannah
name: Martinez, Elisabeth D.
name: Chen, Yulong
name: Sun, Li
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Epithelial tumor metastasis is preceded by an accumulation of collagen cross-links that heighten stromal stiffness and stimulate the invasive properties of tumor cells. However, the biochemical nature of collagen cross-links in cancer is still unclear. Here, we postulated that epithelial tumorigenesis is accompanied by changes in the biochemical type of collagen cross-links. Utilizing resected human lung cancer tissues and a p21CIP1/WAF1-deficient, K-rasG12D-expressing murine metastatic lung cancer model, we showed that, relative to normal lung tissues, tumor stroma contains higher levels of hydroxylysine aldehyde–derived collagen cross-links (HLCCs) and lower levels of lysine aldehyde–derived cross-links (LCCs), which are the predominant types of collagen cross-links in skeletal tissues and soft tissues, respectively. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in tumor cells showed that lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2), which hydroxylates telopeptidyl lysine residues on collagen, shifted the tumor stroma toward a high-HLCC, low-LCC state, increased tumor stiffness, and enhanced tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Together, our data indicate that LH2 enhances the metastatic properties of tumor cells and functions as a regulatory switch that controls the relative abundance of biochemically distinct types of collagen cross-links in the tumor stroma.
Keys to Accurate Feature Extraction Using Residual Spiking Neural Networks
Creators: name: Vicente-Sola, Alex
name: Manna, Davide L.
name: Kirkland, Paul
name: Di Caterina, Gaetano
name: Bihl, Trevor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; I.2.10; I.4.8; I.5.2; D.2.13

description: Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have become an interesting alternative to conventional artificial neural networks (ANN) thanks to their temporal processing capabilities and energy efficient implementations in neuromorphic hardware. However the challenges involved in training SNNs have limited their performance in terms of accuracy and thus their applications. Improving learning algorithms and neural architectures for a more accurate feature extraction is therefore one of the current priorities in SNN research. In this paper we present a study on the key components of modern spiking architectures. We design a spiking version of the successful residual network architecture and provide an in-depth study on the possible implementations of spiking residual connections. This study shows how, depending on the use case, the optimal residual connection implementation may vary. Additionally, we empirically compare different techniques in image classification datasets taken from the best performing networks. Our results provide a state of the art guide to SNN design, which allows to make informed choices when trying to build the optimal visual feature extractor. Finally, our network outperforms previous SNN architectures in CIFAR-10 (94.14%) and CIFAR-100 (74.65%) datasets and matches the state of the art in DVS-CIFAR10 (72.98%), with less parameters than the previous state of the art and without the need for ANN-SNN conversion. Code available at https://github.com/VicenteAlex/Spiking_ResNet
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, 17 tables
Charged current (anti)neutrino induced eta production off the nucleon
Creators: name: Fatima, A.
name: Athar, M. Sajjad
name: Singh, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charged current (anti)neutrino induced eta production from the nucleons is studied in a model based on the effective Lagrangians to evaluate the contribution from the nonresonant and resonant diagrams. The contribution from the nonresonant background terms has been obtained using a microscopic model based on the SU(3) chiral Lagrangians. The contribution from the resonant diagrams due to the low lying $S_{11}(1535)$, $S_{11} (1650)$, and $P_{11} (1710)$ resonances has been evaluated using an effective phenomenological Lagrangian with its parameters determined from the experimental values of their branching ratios and decay widths to the $Nη$ channel. The model is first used to reproduce satisfactorily the experimental data from the MAINZ and JLab on the total cross sections for the photo- and electro- production of $η$ mesons, which fixes the model parameters in the vector current interaction. The PCAC hypothesis and generalized Goldberger-Treiman relation are used to fix the parameters of the axial vector interaction. The model is then applied to study the weak production of eta mesons induced by the neutrinos and antineutrinos, and predicts the numerical values for the $Q^2$-distribution, $η$-momentum distribution, and the total cross section for the reactions $ν_μ + n \longrightarrow μ^{-} + p + η$ and $\barν_μ + p \longrightarrow μ^+ + n + η$ in the energy region up to 2 GeV. It is found that the photo, electro, and (anti)neutrino production of eta mesons is dominated by the contribution from the $S_{11}(1535)$ resonance. The results discussed in this work are relevant for the present and future accelerator experiments like MicroBooNE, T2K, NOvA, MINERvA, T2-HyperK and DUNE as well as for the atmospheric neutrino experiments.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2206.13792
PHD2/3-dependent hydroxylation tunes cardiac response to β-adrenergic stress via phospholamban
Creators: name: Pi, Xinchun
name: Townley-Tilson, W.H. Davin
name: Li, Na
name: Patterson, Cam
name: Xie, Liang
name: Meissner, Gerhard
name: Wehrens, Xander H.T.
name: Mishra, Ashutosh
name: Entman, Mark L.
name: Taffet, George E.
name: Peng, Junmin
name: Schisler, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of heart failure. Both clinical trials and experimental animal studies demonstrate that chronic hypoxia can induce contractile dysfunction even before substantial ventricular damage, implicating a direct role of oxygen in the regulation of cardiac contractile function. Prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins are well recognized as oxygen sensors and mediate a wide variety of cellular events by hydroxylating a growing list of protein substrates. Both PHD2 and PHD3 are highly expressed in the heart, yet their functional roles in modulating contractile function remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that combined deletion of Phd2 and Phd3 dramatically decreased expression of phospholamban (PLN), resulted in sustained activation of calcium/calmodulin-activated kinase II (CaMKII), and sensitized mice to chronic β-adrenergic stress–induced myocardial injury. We have provided evidence that thyroid hormone receptor-α (TR-α), a transcriptional regulator of PLN, interacts with PHD2 and PHD3 and is hydroxylated at 2 proline residues. Inhibition of PHDs increased the interaction between TR-α and nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) and suppressed Pln transcription. Together, these observations provide mechanistic insight into how oxygen directly modulates cardiac contractility and suggest that cardiac function could be modulated therapeutically by tuning PHD enzymatic activity.
Exoplanet hosts reveal lithium depletion: Results from a homogeneous statistical analysis
Creators: name: Figueira, P.
name: Faria, J. P.
name: Delgado-Mena, E.
name: Adibekyan, V. Zh.
name: Sousa, S. G.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Israelian, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We study the impact of the presence of planets on the lithium abundance of host stars and evaluate the previous claim that planet hosts exhibit lithium depletion when compared to their non-host counterparts. Methods. Using previously published lithium abundances, we remove the confounding effect of the different fundamental stellar parameters by applying a multivariable regression on our dataset. In doing so, we explicitly make an assumption made implicitly by different authors: that lithium abundance depends linearly on fundamental stellar parameters. Using a moderator variable to distinguish stars with planets from those without, we evaluate the existence of an offset in lithium abundances between the two groups. We perform this analysis first for stars that present a clear lithium detection exclusively and include in a second analysis upper lithium measurements. Results. Our analysis shows that under the above-mentioned assumption of linearity, a statistically significant negative offset in lithium abundance between planet hosts and non-hosts is recovered. We concluded that an inflation on the lithium uncertainty estimations by a factor of larger than 5 is required to render the measured offset compatible with zero at less than 3-4 σ and make it non-significant. We demonstrated that the offset as delivered by our method depends on the different nature of the stars in the two samples. We did so by showing that the offset is reduced down to zero if the planet-host stars are replaced by comparison stars. Moreover, the measured depletion is still significant when one imposes different constraints on the dataset, such as a limit in planetary mass or constrain the host temperature to around solar value. We conclude then that planet-host stars exhibit enhanced lithium depletion when compared with non-host stars. (abridged)
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote HIV-1–induced group 3 innate lymphoid cell depletion
Creators: name: Li, Guangming
name: Su, Lishan
name: Chen, Weiwei
name: Wang, Fu-Sheng
name: Zhang, Liguo
name: Zhao, Juanjuan
name: Nie, Weiming
name: Zhang, Zheng
name: Cheng, Liang
name: Reszka-Blanco, Natalia J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have demonstrated roles in promoting antibacterial immunity, maintaining epithelial barrier function, and supporting tissue repair. ILC3 alterations are associated with chronic inflammation and inflammatory disease; however, the characteristics and relevant regulatory mechanisms of this cell population in HIV-1 infection are poorly understood due in part to a lack of a robust model. Here, we determined that functional human ILC3s develop in lymphoid organs of humanized mice and that persistent HIV-1 infection in this model depletes ILC3s, as observed in chronic HIV-1–infected patients. In HIV-1–infected mice, effective antiretroviral therapy reversed the loss of ILC3s. HIV-1–dependent reduction of ILC3s required plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), IFN-I, and the CD95/FasL pathway, as targeted depletion or blockade of these prevented HIV-1–induced ILC3 depletion in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Finally, we determined that HIV-1 infection induces CD95 expression on ILC3s via a pDC- and IFN-I–dependent mechanism that sensitizes ILC3s to undergo CD95/FasL-mediated apoptosis. We conclude that chronic HIV-1 infection depletes ILC3s through pDC activation, induction of IFN-I, and CD95-mediated apoptosis.
Recensioni e letture
Creators: name: Amato, Gioacchino
name: Fiorenza, Elisa
name: Maniglia, Valentina
Publisher: name: Roma : Carocci
Year: 2020

description: Federica Casadei, Grazia Basile (a cura di), Lessico ed educazione linguistica (Gioacchino Amato) – Alessandro G. Benati, Key Questions in Language Teaching. An Introduction (Elisa Fiorenza) – Geert Booij (ed.), The Construction of Words: Advances in Costruction Morphology (Valentina Maniglia).
The Stability, Energetics, and Magnetic States of Cobalt Adatoms on Graphene
Creators: name: Virgus, Yudistira
name: Purwanto, Wirawan
name: Krakauer, Henry
name: Zhang, Shiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability and electronic properties of single Co atoms on graphene with near-exact many-body calculations. A frozen-orbital embedding scheme was combined with auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo to increase the reach in system sizes. Several energy minima are found as a function of the distance $h$ between Co and graphene. Energetics only permit the Co atom to occupy the top site at $h = 2.2$ Å in a high-spin $3d^{8}4s^{1}$ state, and the van der Waals region at $h = 3.3$ Å in a high-spin $3d^{7}4s^{2}$ state. The findings provide an explanation for recent experimental results with Co on free-standing graphene.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Investigation of boron nitride-based nano composite in cutting tool for enhancing efficiency
Creators: name: Dr. K. Anandan*, Mr. D. Saravanan, Mr. D. Manivannan,  Mr. G. Arun kumar, K. Saravanasuriya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Wear, Nano Composites, Aluminum 356 Alloy.

description: Abstract:
 
Many production processes make use of machining tools. The performance characteristics of the tools greatly influence the cost and quality of the final products. The existing machine is improved with superior qualities by the reinforcement of diverse materials with based materials made utilising new manufacturing techniques. Due to its high strength and light weight characteristics, aluminum composites are quickly making their way into commercial use. Steel, cemented carbides, ceramics,and exceptionally hard materials are the primarymaterials utilized to make machining tools. Creating new Nano composites based on these materials is a promising strategy to enhance their performance properties. Steel, cemented carbides, ceramics, and exceptionally hard materials are the primary materials utilized to make machining tools. Creating new Nano composites based on these materials is a promising strategy to enhance their performance properties. Micromechanical modeling can be used to produce composite materials for machining tools, lowering the cost and time associated with creating new tools with improved performance. In order to improve the performance and properties of machining tools, this article covers recent developments in various nano composites groups.
Detection sensitivity enhancement of magnon Kerr nonlinearity in cavity magnonics induced by coherent perfect absorption
Creators: name: Zhang, Guo-Qiang
name: Wang, Yimin
name: Xiong, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to enhance the detection sensitivity of magnon Kerr nonlinearity (MKN) in cavity magnonics. The considered cavity-magnon system consists of a three-dimensional microwave cavity containing two yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres, where the two magnon modes (one has the MKN, while the other is linear) in YIG spheres are simultaneously coupled to microwave photons. To obtain the effective gain of the cavity mode, we feed two input fields into the cavity. By choosing appropriate parameters, the coherent perfect absorption of the two input fields occurs, and the cavity-magnon system can be described by an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Under the pseudo-Hermitian conditions, the effective Hamiltonian can host the third-order exceptional point (EP3), where the three eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian coalesce into one. When the magnon frequency shift $Δ_K$ induced by the MKN is much smaller than the linewidths $Γ$ of the peaks in the transmission spectrum of the cavity (i.e., $Δ_K\ll Γ$), the magnon frequency shift can be amplified by the EP3, which can be probed via the output spectrum of the cavity. The scheme we present provides an alternative approach to measure the MKN in the region $Δ_K\ll Γ$ and has potential applications in designing low-power nonlinear devices based on the MKN.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Imaging Hydrodynamic Electrons Flowing Without Landauer-Sharvin Resistance
Creators: name: Kumar, Chandan
name: Birkbeck, John
name: Sulpizio, Joseph A.
name: Perello, David J.
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Reuven, Oren
name: Scaffidi, Thomas
name: Stern, Ady
name: Geim, Andre K.
name: Ilani, Shahal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical resistance usually originates from lattice imperfections. However, even a perfect lattice has a fundamental resistance limit, given by the Landauer conductance caused by a finite number of propagating electron modes. This resistance, shown by Sharvin to appear at the contacts of electronic devices, sets the ultimate conductance limit of non-interacting electrons. Recent years have seen growing evidence of hydrodynamic electronic phenomena, prompting recent theories to ask whether an electronic fluid can radically break the fundamental Landauer-Sharvin limit. Here, we use single-electron transistor imaging of electronic flow in high-mobility graphene Corbino disk devices to answer this question. First, by imaging ballistic flows at liquid-helium temperatures, we observe a Landauer-Sharvin resistance that does not appear at the contacts but is instead distributed throughout the bulk. This underpins the phase-space origin of this resistance - as emerging from spatial gradients in the number of conduction modes. At elevated temperatures, by identifying and accounting for electron-phonon scattering, we reveal the details of the purely hydrodynamic flow. Strikingly, we find that electron hydrodynamics eliminates the bulk Landuer-Sharvin resistance. Finally, by imaging spiraling magneto-hydrodynamic Corbino flows, we reveal the key emergent length scale predicted by hydrodynamic theories - the Gurzhi length. These observations demonstrate that electronic fluids can dramatically transcend the fundamental limitations of ballistic electrons, with important implications for fundamental science and future technologies
Photonics-based de-chirping and leakage cancellation for frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar system
Creators: name: Shi, Taixia
name: Liang, Dingding
name: Han, Moxuan
name: Chen, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A photonics-based leakage cancellation and echo signal de-chirping approach for frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar systems is proposed based on a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM), with its performance evaluated by the radar measurement and imaging. The de-chirp reference signal and the leakage cancellation reference signal are combined and applied to the upper arm of the DD-MZM, while the received signal including the leakage signal and echo signals is applied to the lower arm of the DD-MZM. When the amplitudes and delays of the leakage cancellation reference signal and the leakage signal are precisely matched and the DD-MZM is biased at the minimum transmission point, the leakage signal is canceled in the optical domain. The de-chirped signals are obtained after the leakage-free optical signal is detected in a photodetector. An experiment is performed. The cancellation depth of the de-chirped leakage signal is around 23 dB when the center frequency and bandwidth of the linearly frequency-modulated signal are 11.5 and 2 GHz. The leakage cancellation scheme is used in a radar system. When the leakage cancellation is not employed, the leakage signal will seriously affect the imaging results and distance measurement accuracy of the radar system. When the leakage cancellation is applied, the imaging results of multiple targets can be clearly distinguished, and the error of the distance measurement results is significantly reduced to 10 cm.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Pairing Glue in the Two Dimensional Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Gull, Emanuel
name: Millis, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cluster dynamical mean field calculations are used to construct the superconducting gap function of the two dimensional Hubbard model. The frequency dependence of the imaginary part of the gap function indicates that the pairing is dominated by fluctuations at two characteristic frequencies: one at the scale of the hopping matrix element $t$ and one at a much lower scale. The lower frequency component becomes more important as the doping is reduced into the pseudogap regime. Comparison to available information on the spin fluctuation spectrum of the model suggests that the superconductivity arises from exchange of spin fluctuations. The inferred pairing glue function is in remarkable qualitative consistency with the pairing function inferred from time-resolved optical conductivity data.
RASA3 is a critical inhibitor of RAP1-dependent platelet activation
Creators: name: Paul, David S.
name: Boulaftali, Yacine
name: Chan, E. Ricky
name: Robledo, Raymond F.
name: Kechele, Daniel O.
name: Casari, Caterina
name: Adams, Mark D.
name: Stefanini, Lucia
name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Caron, Kathleen M.
name: Bergmeier, Wolfgang
name: Peters, Luanne L.
name: Piatt, Raymond
name: Weyrich, Andrew S.
name: Parrott, Matthew C.
name: Campbell, Robert A.
name: Getz, Todd M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The small GTPase RAP1 is critical for platelet activation and thrombus formation. RAP1 activity in platelets is controlled by the GEF CalDAG-GEFI and an unknown regulator that operates downstream of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor, P2Y12, a target of antithrombotic therapy. Here, we provide evidence that the GAP, RASA3, inhibits platelet activation and provides a link between P2Y12 and activation of the RAP1 signaling pathway. In mice, reduced expression of RASA3 led to premature platelet activation and markedly reduced the life span of circulating platelets. The increased platelet turnover and the resulting thrombocytopenia were reversed by concomitant deletion of the gene encoding CalDAG-GEFI. Rasa3 mutant platelets were hyperresponsive to agonist stimulation, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, activation of Rasa3 mutant platelets occurred independently of ADP feedback signaling and was insensitive to inhibitors of P2Y12 or PI3 kinase. Together, our results indicate that RASA3 ensures that circulating platelets remain quiescent by restraining CalDAG-GEFI/RAP1 signaling and suggest that P2Y12 signaling is required to inhibit RASA3 and enable sustained RAP1-dependent platelet activation and thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. These findings provide insight into the antithrombotic effect of P2Y12 inhibitors and may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of platelet-related disorders.
Cluster mean field description of alpha emission
Creators: name: Dumitrescu, A.
name: Delion, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) method is able to describe experimental values of alpha decay widths by including a residual nucleon-nucleon Surface Gaussian Interaction (SGI) within the standard procedure used to calculate the nuclear mean field. We call this method the Cluster HFB (CHFB) approach. In this way we correct the deficient asymptotic behaviour of the corresponding single-particle (sp) wave functions generated by the standard mean field. The corrected mean field becomes a sum between the standard mean Woods-Saxon-like field and a cluster Gaussian component centered at the same radius as the SGI. Thus, we give a confirmation of the mean field plus cluster potential structure, which was assumed in our previous work on alpha-decay widths. Systematic calculations evidence the linear correlation between the SGI strength and fragmentation potential, allowing for reliable predictions concerning the half lives of superheavy emitters.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
New experimental results on light and heavy hadrons
Creators: name: Yuan, Chang-Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the experimental progress on the study of light and heavy hadrons and focus on recent discoveries of the XYZ states, pentaquark states, $T_{cs}$ and $T_{cc}$ states in the heavy hadron sector, and on the $π_1(1600)$ and the states close to the $p\bar{p}$ threshold in the light hadron sector. The observations suggest that we did observe hadronic molecules and we also observed hadronic states with some other quark configurations.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. Invited plenary talk at PANIC2021
A model for lime consolidation of porous solids
Creators: name: Detmann, Bettina
name: Gavioli, Chiara
name: Krejčí, Pavel
name: Lamač, Jan
name: Namlyeyeva, Yuliya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K51, 80A32, 92E20

description: We propose a mathematical model describing the process of filling the pores of a building material with lime water solution with the goal to improve the consistency of the porous solid. Chemical reactions produce calcium carbonate which glues the solid particles together at some distance from the boundary and strengthens the whole structure. The model consists of a 3D convection-diffusion system with a nonlinear boundary condition for the liquid and for calcium hydroxide, coupled with the mass balance equations for the chemical reaction. The main result consists in proving that the system has a solution for each initial data from a physically relevant class. A 1D numerical test shows a qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
description: 22 pages
Artificial Compressibility Approaches in Flux Reconstruction for Incompressible Viscous Flow Simulations
Creators: name: Trojak, Will
name: Vadlamani, Nagabhushana Rao
name: Tyacke, James
name: Witherden, Freddie
name: Jameson, Antony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several competing artificial compressibility methods for the incompressible flow equations are examined using the high-order flux reconstruction method. The established artificial compressibility method (ACM) of \citet{Chorin1967} is compared to the alternative entropically damped (EDAC) method of \citet{Clausen2013}, as well as an ACM formulation with hyperbolised diffusion. While the former requires the solution to be converged to a divergence free state at each physical time step through pseudo iterations, the latter can be applied explicitly. We examine the sensitivity of both methods to the parameterisation for a series of test cases over a range of Reynolds numbers. As the compressibility is reduced, EDAC is found to give linear improvements in divergence whereas ACM yields diminishing returns. For the Taylor--Green vortex, EDAC is found to perform well; however on the more challenging circular cylinder at $Re=3900$, EDAC gives rise to early transition of the free shear-layer and over-production of the turbulence kinetic energy. This is attributed to the spatial pressure fluctuations of the method. Similar behaviour is observed for an aerofoil at $Re=60,000$ with an attached transitional boundary layer. It is concluded that hyperbolic diffusion of ACM can be beneficial but at the cost of case setup time, and EDAC can be an efficient method for incompressible flow. However, care must be taken as pressure fluctuations can have a significant impact on physics and the remedy causes the governing equation to become overly stiff.
Superfluid drain vortex
Creators: name: Ruffenach, Wandrille
name: Galantucci, Luca
name: Barenghi, Carlo F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drain vortices are among the most common vortices observed in everyday life, yet their physics is complex due to the competition of vorticity's transport and diffusion, and the presence of viscous layers and a free surface. Recently, it has become possible to study experimentally drain vortices in superfluid liquid helium, a fluid in which the physics is simplified by the absence of viscosity and the quantisation of the circulation. Using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we make a simple model of the problem which captures the essential physics ingredients, showing that the superfluid drain vortex consists of a bundle of vortex lines which twist, thus strengthening the axial flow into the drain.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Spin-dependent coupling of supercurrent and nonequilibrium quasiparticles in high-field superconductors
Creators: name: Maier, P.
name: Beckmann, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an experimental investigation of the combined effect of nonequilibrium quasiparticle injection and supercurrent in superconducting aluminum wires. At low temperature, we observe the supercurrent-induced coupling of energy and charge imbalance with spectral resolution. At high magnetic fields, in the presence of a Zeeman splitting of the density of states, we find evidence for an additional spin-dependent coupling which has been recently predicted theoretically.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Measuring mass and spin of Dark Matter particles with the aid energy spectra of single lepton and dijet at the $e^+e^-$ Linear Collider
Creators: name: Ginzburg, I. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many models stability of Dark Matter particles $D$ is ensured by conservation of a new quantum number referred to as $D$-parity. Our models also contain charged $D$-odd particles $D^\pm$ with the same spin as $D$. Here we propose a method to precisely measure the masses and spins of $D$-particles in the process $\epe\to D^+D^-\to DDW^+W^-\to DD (q\bar{q})(\ellν)$ with a signature {\it dijet + $μ$ (or $e$) + nothing}. It is shown that the energy distribution of the lepton has singular points (upper edge and kinks or a peak) whose positions are kinematically determined. For precise determination of $D$ and $D^\pm$ masses, it is sufficient to measure these singular points and upper edge of dijet energy spectrum. After this procedure, even an approximate measurement of the corresponding cross section allows a determination of the spin of $D$ particles to be performed. New points of this work are: 1) We propose to use only the well measurable energy spectra of {\bf individual leptons} and the upper edge of the dijet energy spectrum. 2) We propose to identify the spin of $D$-particles via value of the cross section for the discussed process.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1211.2429
A Predictive Theory for Elastic Scattering and Recoil of Protons from $^4$He
Creators: name: Hupin, Guillaume
name: Quaglioni, Sofia
name: Navrátil, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-energy cross sections for elastic scattering and recoil of protons from $^4$He nuclei (also known as $α$ particles) are calculated directly by solving the Schrödinger equation for five nucleons interacting through accurate two- and three-nucleon forces derived within the framework of chiral effective field theory. Precise knowledge of these processes at various proton backscattering/recoil angles and energies is needed for the ion-beam analysis of numerous materials, from the surface layers of solids, to thin films, to fusion-reactor materials. Indeed, the same elastic scattering process, in two different kinematic configurations, can be used to probe concentrations and depth profiles of either hydrogen or helium. We compare our results to available experimental data and show that direct calculations with modern nuclear potentials can help to resolve remaining inconsistencies among different data sets and can be used to predict these cross sections when measurements are not available.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Suppression of NLRX1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Boffa, Daniel
name: Lee, Chang-Min
name: Kim, Bo Hye
name: Sauler, Maor
name: Lee, Chun Geun
name: Kim, Woo Jin
name: Kang, Min-Jong
name: Yoon, Chang Min
name: Homer, Rober
name: Tedrow, John R.
name: Zhou, Yang
name: Ting, Jenny P.
name: Oh, Yeon-Mok
name: Dhamija, Anish
name: Elias, Jack A.
name: Shadel, Gerald S.
name: Kaminski, Naftali
name: West, Andrew Phillip
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Cigarette smoke (CS) and viruses promote the inflammation and remodeling associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The MAVS/RIG-I–like helicase (MAVS/RLH) pathway and inflammasome-dependent innate immune pathways are important mediators of these responses. At baseline, the MAVS/RLH pathway is suppressed, and this inhibition must be reversed to engender tissue effects; however, the mechanisms that mediate activation and repression of the pathway have not been defined. In addition, the regulation and contribution of MAVS/RLH signaling in CS-induced inflammation and remodeling responses and in the development of human COPD remain unaddressed. Here, we demonstrate that expression of NLRX1, which inhibits the MAVS/RLH pathway and regulates other innate immune responses, was markedly decreased in 3 independent cohorts of COPD patients. NLRX1 suppression correlated directly with disease severity and inversely with pulmonary function, quality of life, and prognosis. In murine models, CS inhibited NLRX1, and CS-induced inflammation, alveolar destruction, protease induction, structural cell apoptosis, and inflammasome activation were augmented in NLRX1-deficient animals. Conversely, MAVS deficiency abrogated this CS-induced inflammation and remodeling. Restoration of NLRX1 in CS-exposed animals ameliorated alveolar destruction. These data support a model in which CS-dependent NLRX1 inhibition facilitates MAVS/RHL activation and subsequent inflammation, remodeling, protease, cell death, and inflammasome responses.
Progress of the FLASHForward X-2 high-beam-quality, high-efficiency plasma-accelerator experiment
Creators: name: Lindstrøm, C. A.
name: Beinortaite, J.
name: Svensson, J. Björklund
name: Boulton, L.
name: Chappell, J.
name: Garland, J. M.
name: Gonzalez, P.
name: Loisch, G.
name: Peña, F.
name: Schaper, L.
name: Schmidt, B.
name: Schröder, S.
name: Wesch, S.
name: Wood, J.
name: Osterhoff, J.
name: D'Arcy, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FLASHForward is an experimental facility at DESY dedicated to beam-driven plasma-accelerator research. The X-2 experiment aims to demonstrate acceleration with simultaneous beam-quality preservation and high energy efficiency in a compact plasma stage. We report on the completed commissioning, first experimental results, ongoing research topics, as well as plans for future upgrades.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; proceeding of the EPS-HEP2021 conference (Hamburg, July 26-30 2021) submitted to Proceedings of Science
Dark dust II: Properties in the general field of the diffuse ISM
Creators: name: Siebenmorgen, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distance estimates derived from spectroscopy or parallax have been unified by considering extinction by large grains. The addition of such a population of what is called Dark Dust to models of the diffuse interstellar medium is tested against a contemporary set of observational constraints. The dark dust model explains, by respecting representative solid-phase element abundances, simultaneously the typical wavelength-dependent reddening, extinction, and emission of polarized and unpolarized light by interstellar dust particles between far UV and millimetre wavelengths. The physical properties of dark dust are derived. Dark dust consists of micrometre-sized particles, which have been recently detected in-situ. It provides significant wavelength-independent reddening from the far UV to the near-infrared. Light absorbed by dark dust is re-emitted in the submillimeter region by grains at dust temperatures of 8-12K. Such very cold dust has been frequently observed in external galaxies. Dark dust contributes to the polarisation at greater than about 1 mm to ~35% and at shorter wavelengths marginally. Optical constants for silicate dust analogous are investigated. By mixing 3% in mass of Mg$_{0.8}$Fe$^{2+}_{0.2}$ SiO$_3$ to MgO$-$0.5 SiO$_2$ a good fit to the data is derived that still can accommodate up to 5 - 10% of mass in dark dust. The extra diming of light by dark dust is unexplored when discussing SN~Ia light curves and in other research. Previous models that ignore dark dust do not account for the unification of the distance scales.
description: Contact Ralf.Siebenmorgen@eso.org; Status: recommended for publication by the A&A Editor
Computational analysis of flow structures in turbulent ventricular blood flow associated with mitral valve intervention
Creators: name: Kronborg, Joel
name: Svelander, Frida
name: Eriksson-Lidbrink, Samuel
name: Lindström, Ludvig
name: Homs-Pons, Carme
name: Lucor, Didier
name: Hoffman, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cardiac disease and clinical intervention may both lead to an increased risk for thrombosis events due to modified blood flow in the heart, and thereby a change in the mechanical stimuli of blood cells passing through the chambers of the heart. Specifically, the degree of platelet activation is influenced by the level and type of mechanical stresses in the blood flow. Here we analyze the blood flow in the left ventricle of the heart through a computational model constructed from patient-specific data. The blood flow in the ventricle is modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations, and the flow through the mitral valve by a parameterized model which represents the projected opening of the valve. A finite element method is used to solve the equations, from which a simulation of the velocity and pressure of the blood flow is constructed. A triple decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor is then used to distinguish between rigid body rotational flow, irrotational straining flow, and shear flow. The triple decomposition enables the separation of three fundamentally different flow structures, each generating a distinct type of mechanical stimulus on the blood cells in the flow. We compare the results to simulations where a mitral valve clip intervention is modelled, which leads to a significant modification of the ventricular flow. It was found that the shear in the simulation cases treated with clips increased more compared to the untreated case than the rotation and strain did. A decrease in valve opening area of 64 % in one of the cases led to a 90 % increase in rotation and strain, but a 150 % increase in shear. The computational analysis suggests a process for patient-specific simulation of clinical interventions in the heart with a detailed analysis of the resulting blood flow, which could support clinical risk assessment with respect to platelet activation and thrombosis events.
description: The following article has been submitted to Frontiers in Physiology
Off-site constructed housing in NSW: opportunities and barriers for affordable housing provision
Creators: name: Tampoe, Dilakshan
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Despite the fact that many industry sectors have adopted smart and modern technologies to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century, the Australian residential construction industry has been hesitant to adopt off-site construction (OSC) techniques as an innovative approach to increase housing supply and affordability. This study focuses the opportunities and challenges related to OSC as a new form of affordable housing provided by Community Housing Providers (CHPs). The study examines the influences of planning and regulatory framework in New South Wales and on the ability of CHPs adopt OSC methods. The research reveals why OSC has not emerged as a cost-effective productive alternative to conventional building methods, especially for CHPs. The study focuses on the experiences of CHPs that have attempted to use OSC to provide housing to low-income households and identifies construction industry concerns about the use of OSC and the regulatory mechanism that governs this building process. As a result, the study emphasises the importance of regulatory reform to recognise OSC as a mainstream construction process, and how such recognition can benefit the construction industry in general, and CHPs acting as developers in particular.
Modelling stellar convective transport with plumes: I. Non-equilibrium turbulence effect in double-averaging formulation
Creators: name: Yokoi, Nobumitsu
name: Masada, Youhei
name: Takiwaki, Tomoya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plumes in a convective flow are considered to be relevant to the turbulent transport in convection. The effective mass, momentum, and heat transports in the convective turbulence are investigated in the framework of time--space double averaging procedure, where a field quantity is decomposed into three parts: the spatiotemporal mean (spatial average of the time-averaged) field, the dispersion or coherent fluctuation, and the random or incoherent fluctuation. With this framework, turbulent correlations in the mean-field equations are divided into the dispersion/coherent and random/incoherent correlation part. By reckoning the plume as the coherent fluctuation, a transport model for the convective turbulence is constructed with the aid of the non-equilibrium effect, in which the change of turbulence characteristics along the mean stream is taken into account for the modelling of the turbulent transport coefficients. In this work, for the first time, change of turbulence properties along plume motions is incorporated into the expression of the turbulent transport coefficients. This non-equilibrium model is applied to a stellar convective flow. One of the prominent characteristics of a surface cooling-driven convection, the enhanced and localised turbulent mass flux below the surface layer, which cannot be reproduced at all by the usual eddy-diffusivity model with mixing length theory (MLT), is well reproduced by the present model. Our results show that the incorporation of plume motion into turbulent transport model is an important and very relevant extension of mean-field theory beyond the heuristic gradient transport model with MLT.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures