Anoreina triangularis Martins & Galileo 2005
Creators: name: Machado, Vanessa S.
name: Monné, Marcela L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Anoreina
Anoreina triangularis

description: Anoreina triangularis (Martins & Galileo, 2005)
(Figs 50–52; 53–58; 89; 98–100; 111)
Xenofrea triangularis Martins & Galileo, 2005: 12, fig. 7; Monné, 2005: 662 (catalogue).
Anoreina triangularis; Néouze & Tavakilian, 2005: 132; Monné & Bezark, 2009: 219 (checklist).
Male. Integument dark brown to black. Head with yellowish pubescence. Frons with two setae near inner margin of the lower eye lobe. Dorsal region of the head covered with white modified setae (Fig. 98). Lower eye lobe about 1.5 times wider than the upper lobe. Apical segment of labial palpi as long as preceding and the basal about half as long as following. Apical segment of maxillary palps about 1/3 longer than preceding. Antennae with sexual dimorphism; long, exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 6 in males and 7 in females. Scape and pedicel covered with yellowish pubescence and white modified setae. Antennae, except 6–11, covered with dark brown pubescence and white modified setae.
Prothorax about twice as wide as long. Pronotum covered with dark brown pubescence with irregular yellowish spots and white modified setae; anterior margin straight with sparse punctures or without punctures; some punctures near posterior margin. Mesosternum and mesepimeron with smooth surface covered with dark brown pubescence and white modified setae. Mesepisternum covered with orangish pubescence and white modified setae. Metasternum with a longitudinal median sulcus, not reaching the anterior margin, with orangish pubescence at sides, and white modified setae. Metepisternum covered with dark brown pubescence and two regions (one median the other posterior) with spots of yellowish pubescence and white modified setae. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence.
Elytra about 3.5 to 5.0 times as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with dark brown or reddish pubescence and white modified setae, except: basal third with spots of yellowish pubescence; median triangular band, reaching the suture, of whitish pubescence bordered by yellowish pubescence and apical third with irregular spots of yellowish and whitish pubescence; a narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the apical third to the apex. Legs with yellowish pubescence and white modified setae; tibiae with long black setae intercalated with dark brown pubescence. Urosternite 5 truncate and rounded at apex in both sexes; laterally covered with white modified setae.
Male terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 54) membranous, except in the apical region, sinuous at apex; apophysis narrow and about half as long as the apical region of the sternite. Tergite 8 (Fig. 53) membranous, except in the apical region, slightly sinuous at apex. Median lobe (Figs 57–58) curved; dorsal lobe shorter than ventral, both acuminate at apex; basal apophyses shorter than apical, both truncate at apex; internal sac with three sclerotized pieces, two parallel "half moon-like", the other arched. Tegmen (Fig. 55) and median lobe subequal in length; apical region narrow and divided into lobes, apices rounded with erect, long and short setae; ring piece elongate, and truncate at apex. Ventral arc (Fig. 56) fork-shaped, apophysis about 1/3 longer than the arm; curved at apex.
Female terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 51) rectangular with one pair of tufts of short setae near apical margin; sternal apophysis about 4.0 times as long as the apical region of the sternite. Segment 8 (Fig. 50) with tergal apodemes like two large plates; segment 9 membranous and shaped like an elongate sac, constituting the genital-anal chamber about half as long as sternal apophysis. Ovipositor (Fig. 52) long; distal region with narrow and elongate coxites; apical region with a little cylindrical stylus. Spermathecal complex (Fig. 52): two vaginal plates, foliaceus between the common oviduct and the bursa copulatrix, rounded at the end; spermathecal duct short and spermatheca curved and widened at the base, narrowing towards the end, a little more enlarged; spermathecal gland short, about 1/3 as long as spermatheca.
Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 5.3–7.8/5.8–8.0; prothorax length, 1.0–1.4/1.0–1.4; prothorax width, 1.7–2.6/1.8–2.6; elytral length, 3.8–5.6/4.2–5.7; humeral width, 2.4–3.5/2.6–3.8.
Type material. We examined the female holotype (Figs 98–101), from Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu (Mocagua, 3°23’S, 70°06’W, 150 m), Colombia (IAHC).
Comments. Martins & Galileo (2005) described Xenofrea triangularis and considered it similar to X. albofasciata Galileo & Martins, 2001, described from Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina), by the large band of whitish pubescence in the middle of the elytra. The two species differed by several characteristics: in X. triangularis the upper eye lobes are separated from each other by the width of a lobe and the pronotum is smooth with spots of orangish pubescence; in X. albofasciata the upper eye lobes are separated from each other by two times the width of a lobe and the pronotum is densely punctate, without spots of pubescence at sides.
Néouze & Tavakilian (2005) delimited the tribe Xenofreini, providing several characteristics: scape subcylindrical, antennomeres 3–4 with a sensory apical latero-external pit, metasternum depressed in males, and protibiae with three apical spurs, the median being moveable. Since Xenofrea triangularis did not have those characteristics, it was transferred to the Acanthoderini and included in the genus Anoreina.
The presence in Anoreina triangularis of white, modified setae (Figs. 89, 98–101) on the body and the elytra on basal third with spots of yellowish pubescence, a median triangular band, reaching the suture, of whitish pubescence bordered by yellowish pubescence and apical third with irregular spots of yellowish and whitish pubescence, allows easy recognition of this species, distinguishing it from the others. Martins & Galileo (2005) described the holotype as a male but Néouze & Tavakilian (2005) called it a female. In Anoreina, the urosternite 5 presents sexual dimorphism: females have a narrow longitudinal median, smooth and glabrous band on basal third, and in males the pilosity is continuous. Analyzing the photo of the urosternite 5 of the holotype (Fig. 100), we noted the presence of a narrow longitudinal median, smooth and glabrous band; thus, we can affirm, it is a female, as stated by Néouze & Tavakilian (2005).
Martins & Galileo (2005), when they described the species, referred to the sparse structures present on the dorsal surface of the body as scales. Torre-Bueno (1937) and Gordh & Headrick (2001) defined a scale as a flattened cuticular projection present in the integument of many insects. After SEM analysis (Fig. 89), we can denote that it is a dilated seta in almost its entire length, except at the apex. Therefore, we consider it more accurate to refer to these structures as modified setae rather than scales.
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso) and Colombia. It is reported herein from Brazil (Pará, Amazonas) (Fig. 111).
Specimens examined. BRAZIL, Pará, Jacareacanga, 2 males and 2 females; male and female, XII.1968, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); 2 males, V.1969, F. R. Barbosa leg. (MNRJ); female, VI.1970, F. R. Barbosa leg. (MNRJ); Amazonas: Estirão do Equador, R. Javari, male and female, VIII–IX.1958, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Mato Grosso: Juína, female, V.1986, O. Roppa & B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, female, X. 1983, Becker, O. Roppa & B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Ariquemes, 62 Km SW, Fazenda Rancho Grande, male, 4– 16.XI.1997, J. E. Eger leg. light trap (MZSP).
description: Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monné, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490