cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phenylbutyrate induces LL-37-dependent autophagy and intracellular killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages
Creators: name: Rokeya Sultana Rekha
name: SSV Jagadeeswara Rao Muvva
name: Wan, Min
name: Rubhana Raqib
name: Bergman, Peter
name: Brighenti, Susanna
name: Gudmundur H Gudmundsson
name: Agerberth, Birgitta
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: LL-37 is a human antimicrobial peptide (AMP) of the cathelicidin family with multiple activities including a mediator of vitamin D-induced autophagy in human macrophages, resulting in intracellular killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In a previous trial in healthy volunteers, we have shown that LL-37 expression and subsequent Mtb-killing can be further enhanced by 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), also an inducer of LL-37 expression. Here, we explore a potential mechanism(s) behind PBA and LL-37-induced autophagy and intracellular killing of Mtb. Mtb infection of macrophages downregulated the expression of both the CAMP transcript and LL-37 peptide as well as certain autophagy-related genes (BECN1 and ATG5) at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, activation of LC3-II in primary macrophages and THP-1 cells was not detected. PBA and the active form of vitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3), separately or particularly in combination, were able to overcome Mtb-induced suppression of LL-37 expression. Notably, reactivation of autophagy occurred by stimulation of macrophages with PBA and promoted colocalization of LL-37 and LC3-II in autophagosomes. Importantly, PBA treatment failed to induce autophagy in Mtb-infected THP-1 cells, when the expression of LL-37 was silenced. However, PBA-induced autophagy was restored when the LL-37 knockdown cells were supplemented with synthetic LL-37. Interestingly, we have found that LL-37-induced autophagy was mediated via P2RX7 receptor followed by enhanced cytosolic free Ca2+, and activation of AMPK and PtdIns3K pathways. Altogether, these results suggest a novel activity for PBA as an inducer of autophagy, which is LL-37-dependent and promotes intracellular killing of Mtb in human macrophages.
title: Kognitives und kooperatives Assistenzsystem (COGAS) zur Luftzielidentifizierung an Bord von Marineschiffen
Creators: name: Özyurt, Emre
name: Döring, Bernhard
name: Flemisch, Frank
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2016

description: Kurzfassung: Die steigende Komplexität von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen führt häufig zur Überforderung der Menschen bei ihrer Aufgabendurchführung in den Systemen. Diese nachteilige Entwicklung erfordert zunehmend die Unterstützung und teilweise Übernahme von kognitiver Arbeit durch die Maschinen. Die erhöhte Komplexität der Automation, die dabei zur efolgreichen Bewältigung von Aufgaben eingesetzt wird, wie z.B. zur Führung und Kontrolle eines Mensch-Maschine-Systems, beansprucht ihrerseits in der Regel den Menschen zusätzlich und beeinträchtigt somit seine Arbeitseffizienz.

In Operationszentralen (OPZ) auf Marineschiffen werden Sensordaten mit komplexen hochautomatisierten Führungs- und Waffeneinsatzsystemen verarbeitet, die hohe Anforderungen an die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit der sie bedienenden Operateure stellen. Infolge des zunehmenden Automationsgrads der Systeme können zum einen durch längerfristige Überwachungstätigkeiten Unterforderungs- und Ermüdungszustände bei den Operateure auftreten, zum anderen in Gefechtssituationen mit hoher Unsicherheit auch Überforderungszustände. In beiden Fällen kann ein unzureichendes Situationsbewusstsein und ein zu starkes Vertrauen in die Automation („complacency“) zu falschen Entscheidungen mit kritischen Folgen führen. Um dieser Problematik zu begegnen, werden in den letzten Jahrzehnten intelligente Assistenzsysteme und ergonomische Benutzungsschnittstellen entwickelt, die auf die Fähigkeiten und Bedürfnisse der sie bedienenden Operateure abgestimmt sind.

In diesem Zusammenhang wird am Fraunhofer FKIE das kognitive und kooperative Assistenzsystem COGAS prototypisch entwickelt, das die Rolle eines erfahrenen Operateurs übernimmt und die Operateure in der OPZ bei der Luftzielidentifizierung unterstützt. Angestrebtes Ziel ist es, die Beanspruchung zu verringern sowie das Situationsbewusstsein und die Leistung der Operateure mit Hilfe der kooperativen und kognitiven Automation im Vergleich zu Systemen mit konventioneller Automation zu verbessern.
Environmental epigenomics in stickleback : plasticity of DNA methylation and gene expression patterns across time scales
Creators: name: Metzger, David Calin Hartley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation have been proposed as an important source of variation that can influence phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolutionary processes, yet little is known about the role of DNA methylation in an ecological or evolutionary context in vertebrates. In this thesis I examine the effects of the environment and sex on DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in the threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), an ecological and evolutionary model system that has been used to study mechanisms involved in the evolution of adaptive phenotypes in novel environments. The dynamic regulation of DNA methylation and gene expression patterns during early developmental periods plays an important role in cell differentiation and establishing adult phenotypes. Here I demonstrate that adult DNA methylation and gene expression patterns are modified in response to the temperature and salinity experienced during development. Similarly, maternal stress can have long-term effects on neurodevelopment and the behavior of offspring that can influence offspring performance and population evolutionary trajectories. I demonstrate that the effects of maternal stress on the brain transcriptome differ between adult male and female stickleback offspring. These sex-specific effects of maternal stress suggest that male and female offspring may respond differently to maternal stress exposure, which could have important implications when assessing the long-term ecological and evolutionary impacts of stress across generations. DNA methylation has also been proposed to play a key role in regulating sexually dimorphic phenotypes and in the evolution of sex determination mechanisms. I compare genome-wide DNA methylation patterns between male and female stickleback and identify apparent differential methylation on the stickleback sex chromosome that correspond to the regions of genetic divergence between the X and Y chromosome. These data provide evidence of a potential role of DNA methylation in the evolution of sex chromosomes in vertebrates. Taken together, these data demonstrate that there is a complex relationship between genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic processes that are dynamically regulated during development and in response to environmental cues, and that epigenetic processes may be involved in regulating evolutionary processes.
Topological quantum field theory and polynomial identities for graphs on the torus
Creators: name: Fendley, Paul
name: Krushkal, Vyacheslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a relation between the trace evaluation in SO(3) topological quantum field theory and evaluations of a topological Tutte polynomial. As an application, a generalization of the Tutte golden identity is proved for graphs on the torus.
description: 15 pages. V2: minor changes in exposition; updated references
Interplay between quantum dissipation and an in-plane magnetic field in the spin ratchet effect
Creators: name: Smirnov, Sergey
name: Bercioux, Dario
name: Grifoni, Milena
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 72.25.Dc
subject: 03.65.Yz
subject: 73.23.-b
subject: 05.60.Gg

description: We investigate the existence of the pure spin ratchet effect in a dissipative quasi-one-dimensional system with Rashba spin-orbit interaction. The system is additionally placed into a transverse uniform stationary in-plane magnetic field. It is shown that the effect exists at low temperatures and pure spin currents can be generated by applying an unbiased ac driving to the system. An analytical expression for the ratchet spin current is derived. From this expression it follows that the spin ratchet effect appears as a result of the simultaneous presence of the spin-orbit interaction, coupling between the orbital degrees of freedom and spatial asymmetry. In this paper we consider the case of a broken spatial symmetry by virtue of asymmetric periodic potentials. It turns out that an external magnetic field does not have any impact on the existence of the spin ratchet effect, but it influences its efficiency enhancing or reducing the magnitude of the spin current.
Spectrum of short-wavelength magnons in two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice: third order expansion in 1/S
Creators: name: Syromyatnikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of short-wavelength magnons in two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice is calculated in the third order in $1/S$ expansion. It is shown that $1/S$ series for $S=1/2$ converges fast in the whole Brillouin zone except for the neighborhood of the point ${\bf k}=(π,0)$, at which absolute values of the third and the second order $1/S$-corrections are approximately equal to each other. It is shown that the third order corrections make deeper the roton-like local minimum at ${\bf k}=(π,0)$ improving the agreement with the recent experiments and numerical results in the neighborhood of this point. It is suggested that $1/S$ series converges slowly near ${\bf k}=(π,0)$ also for $S=1$ although the spectrum renormalization would be small in this case due to very small values of high-order $1/S$ corrections.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Meroterpenoids and alkaloids from Ganoderma australe
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiao-Jiao
name: Dong, Yun
name: Qin, Fu-Ying
name: Yan, Yong-Ming
name: Cheng, Yong-Xian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Two new mertoterpenoids, australins A (1) and B (2), and a new alkaloid, australine (4), together with five known compounds (3, 5–8) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma australe. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned by using spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Racemic australin A was further purified by chiral HPLC. Biological assessments reveal that compounds (+)-1 and 7 could significantly protect SH-SY5Y cells from glutamate-induced neural excitotoxicity.
Nonlinear optics at solid state surfaces
Creators: name: Dick, Bernhard
name: Gierulski, Alfred
name: Marowsky, Gerd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Optical nonlinear property (as solid state surfaces); Adsorbed substances (dyes, on solids, optical second harmonic generation in relation to); Dyes (optical second harmonic generation by surface contg. adsorbed); Laser radiation (second-harmonic generation of, for dyes adsorbed on solid surfaces); laser harmonic solid surface; dye adsorbed solid second harmonic
subject: 540 Chemie

description: The process was studied of optical 2nd harmonic generation in thin surface layers between centrosym. materials. The surface susceptibilities are dominated by the electronic properties of adsorbed monolayers of dye mols. Through the appropriate choice of dye, 1 or 2 electronic resonances can be used in the process leading to dramatic enhancement of the generated signal.
description: CAN 102:194779 73-10 Optical, Electron, and Mass Spectroscopy and Other Related Properties 989-38-8; 2381-85-3 Role: PRP (Properties) (optical second harmonic generation by surface contg. adsorbed)
Calculation of aggregate loss distributions
Creators: name: Shevchenko, Pavel V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Estimation of the operational risk capital under the Loss Distribution Approach requires evaluation of aggregate (compound) loss distributions which is one of the classic problems in risk theory. Closed-form solutions are not available for the distributions typically used in operational risk. However with modern computer processing power, these distributions can be calculated virtually exactly using numerical methods. This paper reviews numerical algorithms that can be successfully used to calculate the aggregate loss distributions. In particular Monte Carlo, Panjer recursion and Fourier transformation methods are presented and compared. Also, several closed-form approximations based on moment matching and asymptotic result for heavy-tailed distributions are reviewed.
Wave packet dynamics and valley filter in strained graphene
Creators: name: Chaves, Andrey
name: Covaci, L.
name: Rakhimov, Kh. Yu.
name: Farias, G. A.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time evolution of a wavepacket in strained graphene is studied within the tight-binding model and continuum model. The effect of an external magnetic field, as well as a strain-induced pseudo-magnetic field, on the wave packet trajectories and zitterbewegung are analyzed. Combining the effects of strain with those of an external magnetic field produces an effective magnetic field which is large in one of the Dirac cones, but can be practically zero in the other. We construct an efficient valley filter, where for a propagating incoming wave packet consisting of momenta around the K and K' Dirac points, the outgoing wave packet exhibits momenta in only one of these Dirac points, while the components of the packet that belong to the other Dirac point are reflected due to the Lorentz force. We also found that the zitterbewegung is permanent in time in the presence of either external or strain-induced magnetic fields, but when both the external and strain-induced magnetic fields are present, the zitterbewegung is transient in one of the Dirac cones, whereas in the other cone the wave packet exhibits permanent spatial oscillations.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Highly dynamic transcriptional reprogramming and shorter isoform shifts under acute stresses during biological invasions
Creators: name: Xuena Huang
name: Aibin Zhan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Phenotypic plasticity has been increasingly recognized for its importance in adaptation to novel environments, and initial rapid plastic response to acute stresses usually serves as the stepping stone for future adaptation. Differential gene expression and alternative splicing have been proposed as two underlying mechanisms for rapid plastic response to environmental stresses. Here, we used an invasive model species, Ciona savignyi, to investigate the temporary plastic changes under temperature stresses on gene expression and alternative splicing. Our results revealed rapid and highly dynamic gene expression reprogramming and alternative splicing switch under acute stresses. Distinct transcriptional response profiles were triggered by two types of temperature stresses, showing resilience recovery and increasing divergence under heat and cold challenges, respectively. Interestingly, alternative exons were more inclined to be skipped under both heat and cold stresses, leading to shorter isoforms but with maintained Open Reading Frames (ORFs). Although similar response patterns were observed between differential gene expression and alternative splicing, low overlap between Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and Differentially Alternative Spliced Genes (DASGs) suggests that distinct gene sets and associated functions should be involved in temperature challenges. Thus, alternative splicing should offer an additional layer of plastic response to environmental challenges. Finally, we identified key plastic genes involved in both gene expression regulation and alternative splicing. The results obtained here shed light on adaptation and accommodation mechanisms during biological invasions, particularly for acute environmental changes at early stages of biological invasions such as transport and introduction.
Phase Transitions for Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reactions
Creators: name: Ma, Tian
name: Wang, Shouhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q92, 92E

description: The main objective of this article is to study the dynamic phase transitions associated with the spatial-temporal oscillations of the BZ reactions, given by Field, Koros and Noyes, also referred as the Oregonator. Two criteria are derived to determine 1) existence of either multiple equilibria or spatiotemporal oscillations, and 2) the types of transitions. These criteria gives a complete characterization of the dynamic transitions of the BZ systems from the homogeneous states. The analysis is carried out using a dynamic transition theory developed recently by the authors, which has been successfully applied to a number of problems in science.
LcK structures with holomorphic Lee vector field on Vaisman-type manifolds
Creators: name: Madani, Farid
name: Moroianu, Andrei
name: Pilca, Mihaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a complete description of all locally conformally Kähler structures with holomorphic Lee vector field on a compact complex manifold of Vaisman type. This provides in particular examples of such structures whose Lee vector field is not homothetic to the Lee vector field of a Vaisman structure. More generally, dropping the condition of being of Vaisman type, we show that on a compact complex manifold, any lcK metric with potential and with holomorphic Lee vector field admits a potential which is positive and invariant along the anti-Lee vector field.
description: 16 pages
Unveiling the nature of IGR J16283-4838
Creators: name: Pellizza, L. J.
name: Chaty, S.
name: Chisari, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. One of the most striking discoveries of the INTEGRAL observatory is the existence of a previously unknown population of X-ray sources in the inner arms of the Galaxy. The investigations of the optical/NIR counterparts of some of them have provided evidence that they are highly absorbed high mass X-ray binaries hosting supergiants. Aims. We aim to identify the optical/NIR counterpart of one of the newly discovered INTEGRAL sources, IGR J16283-4838, and determine the nature of this system. Methods. We present optical and NIR observations of the field of IGR J16283-4838, and use the astrometry and photometry of the sources within it to identify its counterpart. We obtain its NIR spectrum, and its optical/NIR spectral energy distribution by means of broadband photometry. We search for the intrinsic polarization of its light, and its short and long-term photometric variability. Results. We demonstrate that this source is a highly absorbed HMXB located beyond the Galactic center, and that it may be surrounded by a variable circumstellar medium.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Open Reproducible Research in the Geosciences: Obstacles, Solutions, and Incentives.
Creators: name: Konkol, Markus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: open science
reproducibility
geosciences
interactive papers

description: Many journals today encourage authors to share code and data used in studies, but only a minority enforces it, and rarely give journals guidance on how these materials should be shared. Since computational reproducibility encompasses and naturally follows sharing of the used materials, the adoption by journals is even less developed. The project “Opening reproducible research (o2r)“ designed and implemented solutions to support the publication of reproducible research considering different stakeholders, such as authors, readers, reviewers, and publishers. On top of that, we identified a couple of incentives for authors to make their research accessible, for example, by easily creating interactive (geo)scientific publications. In my talk, I will give a brief overview of the concepts and solutions developed in o2r. On top of that, I will provide insights into our follow-up project o2r2 including concrete co-operations with publishers.
A power based approach for the selection and comparison of ball mill liners
Creators: name: Mejia Alarcon, Olav
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Current technology and simulation software used in the mining industry fail to factor in the effect of liner type and wear on ball mill grinding efficiency and throughput. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of key mill operating parameters and addresses the following key research question: how does liner type, lifter face angle, and liner wear affect mill grinding efficiency? The hypothesis is a lifter’s face angle drive a ball mill’s grinding efficiency and throughput independently of the type of liner used. To test this hypothesis, plant data and the profile and lifter face angle of the three most widely used liners are analyzed in terms of mill power draw using Morrell’s model C and MillTraj®. Results show the mill ball charge shoulder angle is strongly affected by the liner lifter’s face angle and that Morrell’s Model C could be improved by including a correction parameter that reflects the power draw of a mill along the service life of its liner. The correction parameter is to reflect the effect of wear on the shoulder angle. Results show that mill grinding efficiency decreases as the liner wears but that efficiency can still be maintained by adjusting the mill speed. The operating work index was found to be an effective tool for identifying increased grinding inefficiency along the liner’s service life. Further research is required to include a wear parameter that indicates the liner profile in Morell’s Model C power equations. It is also necessary to carry out additional research on variable speed drivers (VSD) for mill motors, which could potentially pay back the cost of adding a VSD on ball mills due to the increased grinding efficiency.
Comparative CRISPR type III-based knockdown of essential genes in hyperthermophilic Sulfolobales and the evasion of lethal gene silencing
Creators: name: Zink, Isabelle Anna
name: Fouqueau, Thomas
name: Risa, Gabriel Tarrason
name: Werner, Finn
name: Baum, Buzz
name: Bläsi, Udo
name: Schleper, Christa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: CRISPR type III systems, which are abundantly found in archaea, recognize and degrade RNA in their specific response to invading nucleic acids. Therefore, these systems can be harnessed for gene knockdown technologies even in hyperthermophilic archaea to study essential genes. We show here the broader usability of this posttranscriptional silencing technology by expanding the application to further essential genes and systematically analysing and comparing silencing thresholds and escape mutants. Synthetic guide RNAs expressed from miniCRISPR cassettes were used to silence genes involved in cell division (cdvA), transcription (rpo8), and RNA metabolism (smAP2) of the two crenarchaeal model organisms Saccharolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Results were systematically analysed together with those obtained from earlier experiments of cell wall biogenesis (slaB) and translation (aif5A). Comparison of over 100 individual transformants revealed gene-specific silencing maxima ranging between 40 and 75%, which induced specific knockdown phenotypes leading to growth retardation. Exceedance of this threshold by strong miniCRISPR constructs was not tolerated and led to specific mutation of the silencing miniCRISPR array and phenotypical reversion of cultures. In two thirds of sequenced reverted cultures, the targeting spacers were found to be precisely excised from the miniCRISPR array, indicating a still hypothetical, but highly active recombination system acting on the dynamics of CRISPR spacer arrays. Our results indicate that CRISPR type III – based silencing is a broadly applicable tool to study in vivo functions of essential genes in Sulfolobales which underlies a specific mechanism to avoid malignant silencing overdose.
On factoring of unlimited integers
Creators: name: Hrbacek, Karel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26E35, 03H05, 03H15, 11A51, 11U10

description: A. Boudaoud asked whether every unlimited integer is a sum of a limited integer and a product of two unlimited integers. Assuming Dickson's Conjecture, the answer is negative. The erroneous proof of claim (2) on page 5 of the published version is replaced by a correct one (see pages 6 - 7) and an answer to another question of Boudaoud and Bellaouar is given. \end{abstract}
UHPLC-HRMS based flavonoid profiling of the aerial parts of Chenopodium foliosum Asch. (Amaranthaceae)
Creators: name: Kokanova-Nedialkova, Zlatina
name: Nedialkov, Paraskev T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Chenopodium foliosum Asch. has been recognised by Bulgarian legislation as a medicinal plant. The decoction of its aerial parts has been used for treatment of cancer, as an immunostimulant and antioxidant drug. An UHPLC-HRMS profiling method was used for a comprehensive study of flavonoid composition of C. foliosum. Fourty flavonoid glycosides with nine aglycones (patuletin, gomphrenol, spinacetin, 6-methoxykaempferol, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, 3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone and 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone) were detected. Kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosides were identified as minor components. A pseudo MS3 experiment aided at discriminating 6-methoxykaempferol and isorhamnetin glycosides. Flavonoid composition dominated by di-, triglycosides and acylated flavonoids. Acid hydrolysis and GS-MS analysis confirmed the presence of D-glucose, D-apiose and L-rhamnose. Ten flavonoids were reported here for the first time.
The UNAM-KIAS Catalog of Isolated Galaxies
Creators: name: Hernández-Toledo, H. M.
name: Vázquez-Mata, J. A.
name: Martínez-Vázquez, L. A.
name: Choi, Yun-Young
name: Park, Changbom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new catalog of isolated galaxies from The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (DR5) is presented. 1520 isolated galaxies were found in 1.4 steradians of sky. The selection criteria in this so called UNAM-KIAS catalog was implemented from a variation on the criteria developed by Karachentseva 1973 including full redshift information. Through an image processing pipeline that takes advantage from the high resolution (~ 0.4 ''/pix) and high dynamic range of the SDSS images, a uniform g band morphological classification for all these galaxies is presented. We identify 80% (SaSm) spirals (50% later than Sbc types) on one hand, and a scarce population of early-type E(6.5%) and S0(8%) galaxies amounting to 14.5% on the other hand. This magnitude-limited catalog is ~ 80% complete at 16.5, 15.6, 15.0, 14.6 and 14.4 magnitudes in the ugriz bands respectively. Some representative physical properties including SDSS magnitudes and color distributions, color-color diagrams, absolute magnitude-color, and concentration-color diagrams as a function of morphological type are presented. The UNAM-KIAS Morphological Atlas is also released along with this paper. For each galaxy of type later than Sa, a mosaic is presented that includes: (1) a g-band logarithmic image, (2) a g band filtered-enhanced image where a Gaussian kernel of various sizes was applied and (3) an RGB color image from the SDSS database. For E/S0/Sa galaxies, in addition to the images in (1), (2) and (3), plots of r band surface brightness and geometric profiles (ellipticity, Position Angle PA and A4/B4 coefficients of the Fourier series expansions of deviations of a pure ellipse) are provided...
description: 40 pages, 17 figures and 3 tables
Detection of mixed bipartite entangled state in arbitrary dimension via structural physical approximation of partial transposition
Creators: name: Kumari, Anu
name: Adhikari, Satyabrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is very crucial to know that whether the quantum state generated in the experiment is entangled or not. In the literature, this topic was studied extensively and researchers proposed different approaches for the detection of mixed bipartite entangled state in arbitrary dimension. Proceeding in this line of research, we also propose three different criteria for the detection of mixed bipartite negative partial transpose (NPT) entangled state in arbitrary dimension. Our criteria is based on the method of structural physical approximation (SPA) of partial transposition (PT). We have shown that the proposed criteria for the detection of NPT entangled state can be realized experimentally. Two of the proposed criteria is given in terms of the concurrence of the given state in arbitrary dimension so it is essential to find out the concurrence. Thus, we provide new lower and upper bound of concurrence of the quantum state under investigation in terms of average fidelity of two quantum states and hence these bounds can be realized experimentally. Moreover, we have shown how to perform SPA map on qutrit-qubit system and then explicitly calculated the matrix elements of the density matrix describing the SPA-PT of the qutrit-qubit system. We then illustrate our criteria for the detection of entanglement by considering a class of qubit-qubit system and a class of qutrit-qubit system.
description: 8 Pages, 1 Figure, 3 Tables, Accepted in Physical Review A
Highly dynamic transcriptional reprogramming and shorter isoform shifts under acute stresses during biological invasions
Creators: name: Huang, Xuena
name: Zhan, Aibin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Phenotypic plasticity has been increasingly recognized for its importance in adaptation to novel environments, and initial rapid plastic response to acute stresses usually serves as the stepping stone for future adaptation. Differential gene expression and alternative splicing have been proposed as two underlying mechanisms for rapid plastic response to environmental stresses. Here, we used an invasive model species, Ciona savignyi, to investigate the temporary plastic changes under temperature stresses on gene expression and alternative splicing. Our results revealed rapid and highly dynamic gene expression reprogramming and alternative splicing switch under acute stresses. Distinct transcriptional response profiles were triggered by two types of temperature stresses, showing resilience recovery and increasing divergence under heat and cold challenges, respectively. Interestingly, alternative exons were more inclined to be skipped under both heat and cold stresses, leading to shorter isoforms but with maintained Open Reading Frames (ORFs). Although similar response patterns were observed between differential gene expression and alternative splicing, low overlap between Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and Differentially Alternative Spliced Genes (DASGs) suggests that distinct gene sets and associated functions should be involved in temperature challenges. Thus, alternative splicing should offer an additional layer of plastic response to environmental challenges. Finally, we identified key plastic genes involved in both gene expression regulation and alternative splicing. The results obtained here shed light on adaptation and accommodation mechanisms during biological invasions, particularly for acute environmental changes at early stages of biological invasions such as transport and introduction.
A Detailed Study of Spitzer-IRAC Emission in Herbig-Haro Objects (I): Morphology and Flux Ratios of Shocked Emission
Creators: name: Takami, Michihiro
name: Karr, Jennifer L.
name: Koh, Haegon
name: Chen, How-Huan
name: Lee, Hsu-Tai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of Spitzer-IRAC images obtained toward six Herbig-Haro objects (HH 54/211/212, L 1157/1448, BHR 71). Our analysis includes: (1) comparisons in morphology between the four IRAC bands (3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0 um), and H2 1-0 S(1) at 2.12 um for three out of six objects; (2) measurements of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at selected positions; and (3) comparisons of these results with calculations of thermal H2 emission at LTE (207 lines in four bands) and non-LTE (32-45 lines, depending on particle for collisions). We show that the morphologies observed at 3.6 and 4.5 um are similar to each other, and to H2 1-0 S(1). This is well explained by thermal H2 emission at non-LTE if the dissociation rate is significantly larger than 0.002-0.02, allowing thermal collisions to be dominated by atomic hydrogen. In contrast, the 5.8 and 8.0 um emission shows different morphologies from the others in some regions. This emission appears to be more enhanced at the wakes in bow shocks, or less enhanced in patchy structures in the jet. These tendencies are explained by the fact that thermal H2 emission in the 5.8 and 8.0 um band is enhanced in regions at lower densities and temperatures. Throughout, the observed similarities and differences in morphology between four bands and 1-0 S(1) are well explained by thermal H2 emission. The observed SEDs are categorized into:- (A) those in which the flux monotonically increases with wavelength; and (B) those with excess emission at 4.5-um. The type-A SEDs are explained by thermal H2 emission, in particular with simple shock models with a power-law cooling function. Our calculations suggest that the type-B SEDs require extra contaminating emission in the 4.5-um band. The CO vibrational emission is the most promising candidate, and the other contaminants discussed to date are not likely to explain the observed SEDs.
description: 35 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables, accepted by Astrophysical Journal
Fuzzy Controller for Matrix Converter System to Improve its Quality of Output
Creators: name: Mahendran, Nagalingam
name: Gurusamy, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, Fuzzy Logic controller is developed for ac/ac Matrix Converter. Furthermore, Total Harmonic Distortion is reduced significantly. Space Vector Algorithm is a method to improve power quality of the converter output. But its quality is limited to 86.7%.We are introduced a Cross coupled DQ axis controller to improve power quality. The Matrix Converter is an attractive topology for High voltage transformation ratio. A Matlab / Simulink simulation analysis of the Matrix Converter system is provided. The design and implementation of fuzzy controlled Matrix Converter is described. This AC-AC system is proposed as an effective replacement for the conventional AC-DC-AC system which employs a two-step power conversion.
description: 11 pages
Acetylenic sesquiterpenoids from cultures of the basidiomycete Stereum cf. hirsutum BCC 26597
Creators: name: Isaka, Masahiko
name: Arunrat Yangchum
name: Rattaket Choeyklin
name: Sakaokan Anaphon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: A new acetylenic sesquiterpenoid, stereyne A (1), and its acetonide derivative, stereyne B (2), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Stereum cf. hirsutum BCC 26597. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and a chemical correlation. Their absolute configurations were determined by application of the modified Mosher’s method. They represent new structural type of sesquiterpenoids from Stereum.
Zero-inflated Poisson Factor Model with Application to Microbiome Absolute Abundance Data
Creators: name: Xu, Tianchen
name: Demmer, Ryan T.
name: Li, Gen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dimension reduction of high-dimensional microbiome data facilitates subsequent analysis such as regression and clustering. Most existing reduction methods cannot fully accommodate the special features of the data such as count-valued and excessive zero reads. We propose a zero-inflated Poisson factor analysis (ZIPFA) model in this article. The model assumes that microbiome absolute abundance data follow zero-inflated Poisson distributions with library size as offset and Poisson rates negatively related to the inflated zero occurrences. The latent parameters of the model form a low-rank matrix consisting of interpretable loadings and low-dimensional scores which can be used for further analyses. We develop an efficient and robust expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method using comprehensive simulation studies. The application to the Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS) provides valuable insights into the relation between subgingival microbiome and periodontal disease.
Small Business Development Act No. 102 of 1996
Creators: name: Government of South Africa
Publisher: name: Registered at the Post Office as a Newspaper
Year: 1998

description: To provide an institutional framework to devise and implement national, sector and workplace strategies to develop and improve the skills of the South African work force; to integrate those strategies within the National Qualifications Framework contemplated in the South African Qualifications Authority Act, 1995; to provide for Iearnerships that lead to recognised occupational qualifications; to provide financing of skills development by means of a levy-grant scheme and 'a National Skills Fund; to provide for and regulate employment services; and to provide for matters connected therewith.
Closed 1-Forms and Twisted Cohomology
Creators: name: Moroianu, Andrei
name: Pilca, Mihaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B35, 53C25, 53C55

description: We show that the first twisted cohomology group associated to closed 1-forms on compact manifolds is related to certain 2-dimensional representations of the fundamental group. In particular, we construct examples of nowhere-vanishing 1-forms with non-trivial twisted cohomology.
description: 13 pages, a gap in the proof of Lemma 1.1 corrected
Comparative CRISPR type III-based knockdown of essential genes in hyperthermophilic Sulfolobales and the evasion of lethal gene silencing
Creators: name: Zink, Isabelle Anna
name: Fouqueau, Thomas
name: Risa, Gabriel Tarrason
name: Werner, Finn
name: Baum, Buzz
name: Bläsi, Udo
name: Schleper, Christa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: CRISPR type III systems, which are abundantly found in archaea, recognize and degrade RNA in their specific response to invading nucleic acids. Therefore, these systems can be harnessed for gene knockdown technologies even in hyperthermophilic archaea to study essential genes. We show here the broader usability of this posttranscriptional silencing technology by expanding the application to further essential genes and systematically analysing and comparing silencing thresholds and escape mutants. Synthetic guide RNAs expressed from miniCRISPR cassettes were used to silence genes involved in cell division (cdvA), transcription (rpo8), and RNA metabolism (smAP2) of the two crenarchaeal model organisms Saccharolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Results were systematically analysed together with those obtained from earlier experiments of cell wall biogenesis (slaB) and translation (aif5A). Comparison of over 100 individual transformants revealed gene-specific silencing maxima ranging between 40 and 75%, which induced specific knockdown phenotypes leading to growth retardation. Exceedance of this threshold by strong miniCRISPR constructs was not tolerated and led to specific mutation of the silencing miniCRISPR array and phenotypical reversion of cultures. In two thirds of sequenced reverted cultures, the targeting spacers were found to be precisely excised from the miniCRISPR array, indicating a still hypothetical, but highly active recombination system acting on the dynamics of CRISPR spacer arrays. Our results indicate that CRISPR type III – based silencing is a broadly applicable tool to study in vivo functions of essential genes in Sulfolobales which underlies a specific mechanism to avoid malignant silencing overdose.
Multiplex rotational CARS of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon monoxide with excimer pumped dye lasers: species identification and thermometry in the intermediate temperature range with high temporal and spatial resolution
Creators: name: Dick, Bernhard
name: Gierulski, A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Air (CARS of, pure rotational); Temperature (detn. of, pure rotational CARS in); Raman spectra (CARS, of carbon monoxide); Spectrochemical analysis (Raman, coherent anti-Stokes, multiplex rotational); CARS nitrogen oxygen air; Raman nitrogen oxygen air; carbon monoxide CARS; analysis gas CARS; thermometry gas CARS
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Pure rotational CARS spectra of N2, O2, air, and CO were obtained using excimer laser-pumped dye-lasers. The combination of the folded BOXCARS phase matching geometry with the broad-band laser multiplex method allowed high spatial and temporal resoln. Species and concn. anal. as well as thermometry up to 700 K were demonstrated, and possible applications are discussed.
description: CAN 105:32133 73-3 Optical, Electron, and Mass Spectroscopy and Other Related Properties 630-08-0; 7727-37-9; 7782-44-7 Role: PRP (Properties) (CARS of, pure rotational)