cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Number Theory and Axiomatic Geometry in the Diproche System
Creators: name: Carl, Merlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Diproche ("Didactical Proof Checking") is an automatic system for supporting the acquistion of elementary proving skills in the initial phase of university education in mathematics. A key feature of Diproche - which is designed by the example of the Naproche system developed by M. Cramer and others - is an automated proof checker for proofs written in a controlled fragment of natural language specifically designed to capture the language of beginners' proving exercises in mathematics. Both the accepted language and proof methods depend on the didactical and mathematical context and vary with the level of education and the topic proposed. An overall presentation of the system in general was given in Carl and Krapf 2019. Here, we briefly recall the basic architecture of Diproche and then focus on explaining key features and the working principles of Diproche in the sample topics of elementary number theory and axiomatic geometry.
description: In Proceedings ThEdu'20, arXiv:2010.15832
Magnetization-dependent $T_c$ shift in F/S/F trilayers with a strong ferromagnet
Creators: name: Moraru, Ion C.
name: Pratt,, W. P.
name: Birge, Norman O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ of Ni/Nb/Ni trilayers when the magnetizations of the two outer Ni layers are parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP). The largest difference in $T_c$ occurs when the Nb thickness is just above the critical thickness at which superconductivity disappears completely. We have observed a difference in $T_c$ between the P and AP states as large as 41 mK - a significant increase over earlier results in samples with higher $T_c$ and with a CuNi alloy in place of the Ni. Our result also demonstrates that strong elemental ferromagnets are promising candidates for future investigations of ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures.
description: To appear in Physical Review Letters 4 pages, 4 figures
Induced Gravity on Intersecting Branes
Creators: name: Epple, Friedel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish Einstein-Hilbert gravity couplings in the effective action for Intersecting Brane Worlds. The four-dimensional induced Planck mass is determined by calculating graviton scattering amplitudes at one-loop in the string perturbation expansion. We derive a general formula linking the induced Planck mass for N=1 supersymmetric backgrounds directly to the string partition function. We carry out the computation explicitly for simple examples, obtaining analytic expressions.
description: references added, minor changes to discussion of path integral normalization on page 5
Additional file 1 of Transposons and satellite DNA: on the origin of the major satellite DNA family in the Chenopodium genome
Creators: name: Belyayev, Alexander
name: Jiřina Josefiová
name: Jandová, Michaela
name: Mahelka, Václav
name: Krak, Karol
name: Mandák, Bohumil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Contig showing the association of tnp2B and CficCl-61-40 satDNA family arrays.
Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations for Bosonic Otto Engines
Creators: name: Sacchi, Massimiliano F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two-mode bosonic engines undergoing an Otto cycle. The energy exchange between the two bosonic systems is provided by a tunable unitary bilinear interaction in the mode operators modeling frequency conversion, whereas the cyclic operation is guaranteed by relaxation to two baths at different temperature after each interacting stage. By means of a two-point-measurement approach we provide the joint probability of the stochastic work and heat. We derive exact expressions for work and heat fluctuations, identities showing the interdependence among average extracted work, fluctuations and efficiency, along with thermodynamic uncertainty relations between the signal-to-noise ratio of observed work and heat and the entropy production. We outline how the presented approach can be suitably applied to derive thermodynamic uncertainty relations for quantum Otto engines with alternative unitary strokes.
description: Improved version with new figures and generalization. 12 pages, 6 figures
Coherence and mixedness of neutrino oscillations in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Kurashvili, P.
name: Chotorlishvili, L.
name: Kouzakov, K. A.
name: Studenikin, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radical departure from classical physics implies quantum coherence, i.e., coherent superposition of eigenstates of Hermitian operators with a discrete spectrum. In resource theory, quantum coherence is a resource for quantum operations. Typically the stochastic phenomenon induces decoherence effects. However, in the present work, we prove that nonunitary evolution leads to the generation of quantum coherence in some cases. Specifically, we consider the neutrino propagation in the dissipative environment, namely in a magnetic field with a stochastic component, and focus on neutrino flavor, spin and spin-flavor oscillations. We present exact analytical results for quantum coherence in neutrino oscillations quantified in terms of the relative entropy. Starting from an initial zero coherence state, we observe persistent oscillations of coherence during the dissipative evolution. We found that after dissipative evolution, the initial spin-polarized state entirely thermalizes, and in the final steady state, the spin-up/down states have the same probabilities. On the other hand, neutrino flavor states also thermalize, byt the populations of two flavor states do not equate to each other. The initial flavor still dominates in the final steady state
Vehicle Intrusion And Theft Control System Using GSM and GPS -- An advance and viable approach
Creators: name: Mustafa, Ashad
name: Jameel, Hassan
name: Baqar, Mohtashim
name: Khan, Rameez Ahmed
name: Yaqoob, Zeeshan M
name: Rahim, Zeeshan
name: Hussain, Syed Safdar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a novel approach towards the designing and development of a feasible and an embedded vehicle intrusion and theft control system using GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) and GPS (Global Positioning System). The proposed system uses GSM technology as one of the distinguishing building blocks of the system. A GPS module Holux GR89 is used to trace the position of the vehicle and Mercury Switches are used to collect analog data continuously, in case of an intrusion, variations will be observed in sensors reading. Continuous readings from sensors are collected on to the microcontroller constantly and on the basis of those readings decision is taken whether an intrusion is made or not and in case of an intrusion a message from a predefined set of messages is generated to the owner of the vehicle and on reception of the message, the owner will have the luxury to take an action via an SMS either to lock the gears of the vehicle or seize the engine of the vehicle from a far-off place. A relay is used to control gears and engine of the vehicle while working with the microcontroller. A prototype system was built and tested. The results were very positive and encouraging.
description: Journal Article
Null structure groups in eleven dimensions
Creators: name: Cariglia, Marco
name: Mac Conamhna, Oisin A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify all the structure groups which arise as subgroups of the isotropy group, $(Spin(7)\ltimes\mathbb{R}^8)\times\mathbb{R}$, of a single null Killing spinor in eleven dimensions. We construct the spaces of spinors fixed by these groups. We determine the conditions under which structure subgroups of the maximal null strucuture group $(Spin(7)\ltimes\mathbb{R}^8)\times\mathbb{R}$ may also be embedded in SU(5), and hence the conditions under which a supersymmetric spacetime admits only null, or both timelike and null, Killing spinors. We discuss how this purely algebraic material will facilitate the direct analysis of the Killing spinor equation of eleven dimensional supergravity, and the classification of supersymmetric spacetimes therein.
description: 25 pages, Latex. v2: substantially modified discussion of results. Generic N=2 structure group with one null Killing spinor is SU(2), not the identity. v3:typos corrected. v4: minor modifications in response to referee's comments, typos corrected. Final version to appear in Phys.Rev.D
Extension of the Shirafuji model for Massive Particles with Spin
Creators: name: Fedoruk, S.
name: Frydryszak, A.
name: Lukierski, J.
name: Miquel-Espanya, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Shirafuji model for massless particles with primary spacetime coordinates and composite four-momenta to a model for massive particles with spin and electric charge. The primary variables in the model are the spacetime four-vector, four scalars describing spin and charge degrees of freedom as well as a pair of Weyl spinors. The geometric description proposed in this paper provides an intermediate step between the free purely twistorial model in two-twistor space in which both spacetime and four-momenta vectors are composite, and the standard particle model, where both spacetime and four-momenta vectors are elementary. We quantize the model and find explicitly the first-quantized wavefunctions describing relativistic particles with mass, spin and electric charge. The spacetime coordinates in the model are not commutative; this leads to a wavefunction that depends only on one covariant projection of the spacetime four-vector (covariantized time coordinate) defining plane wave solutions.
description: Latex, 27 pages, appendix.sty, newlfont.sty (attached)
Inverse-designed photon extractors for optically addressable defect qubits
Creators: name: Chakravarthi, Srivatsa
name: Chao, Pengning
name: Pederson, Christian
name: Molesky, Sean
name: Ivanov, Andrew
name: Hestroffer, Karine
name: Hatami, Fariba
name: Rodriguez, Alejandro W.
name: Fu, Kai-Mei C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-state defect qubit systems with spin-photon interfaces show great promise for quantum information and metrology applications. Photon collection efficiency, however, presents a major challenge for defect qubits in high refractive index host materials. Inverse-design optimization of photonic devices enables unprecedented flexibility in tailoring critical parameters of a spin-photon interface including spectral response, photon polarization and collection mode. Further, the design process can incorporate additional constraints, such as fabrication tolerance and material processing limitations. Here we design and demonstrate a compact hybrid gallium phosphide on diamond inverse-design planar dielectric structure coupled to single near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centers formed by implantation and annealing. We observe device operation near the theoretical limit and measure up to a 14-fold broadband enhancement in photon extraction efficiency. We expect that such inverse-designed devices will enable realization of scalable arrays of single-photon emitters, rapid characterization of new quantum emitters, sensing and efficient heralded entanglement schemes.
Impact of Land Tenure and Other Socioeconomic Factors on Mountain Terrace Maintenance in Yemen
Creators: name: Aw-Hassan, Aden
name: Alsanabani, Mohammed
name: Bamatraf, Adul Rahman
name: Aw-Hassan, Aden
name: Alsanabani, Mohammed
name: Bamatraf, Adul Rahman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The System-wide Program for Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) sponsored a workshop on Watershed Management Institutions, March 13-16, 1999 in Managua, Nicaragua. The workshop focused on methodologies for undertaking research on watersheds, particularly those issues and tools that enable a more thorough understanding of the complex interactions between the biophysical factors and socioeconomic institutions of watersheds. Both social and biophysical scientists from CGIAR and other research institutions were brought together to present research and participate in focused discussions on methodologies for addressing collective action and property rights, scale, participation, and impact assessment. The forum also provided an opportunity for participants to visit and learn from a watershed project being implemented by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), and to discuss one another’s ongoing watershed research project experience and explore opportunities for collaboration.
Radio Emission Associated with the ULX in Holmberg II
Creators: name: Miller, Neal A.
name: Mushotzky, Richard
name: Neff, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of radio emission coincident with the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in Holmberg II. The radio emission is diffuse and resolved, covering an area ~60 by 40 pc in extent and well-matched to the recently discovered HeII nebula surrounding the X-ray source. Comparison of the radio and optical properties of this extended radio emission argue against its association with either an HII region or supernova remnant. This is additional evidence that this ULX is not powered by a stellar-mass object whose emission is relativistically beamed towards the observer, and thus is either a super-Eddington source or intermediate mass black hole as suggested by optical observations. Implications of this result to future and existing radio studies of ULXs are discussed.
description: 5 pages with 3 figures, to appear in ApJ Letters
Juvenile growth and gonadal development in sex reversed female chinook salmon
Creators: name: Gorkhali, Neena Amatya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In salmon farming, the culture of all female fish avoids the problem of precocial males and reduces the costs of production. In an all female monosex population, hormonal (17α-methyltestosterone, MT) masculinization can be used to obtain XX (chromosome) males for breeding purposes. Such treatment has been successful in chinook salmon. As adults, these XX males produced viable sperm and were fully functional. The present investigation compares the juvenile growth and gonadal development of normal XY male, female, and sex-reversed XX male chinook salmon. Ten monosex families and 10 normal families (from two farm sources) were used for comparison. In each monosex family, half of the fish were exposed to MT treatment and were raised with equal number of untreated fish in a family tank. The body weight and fork length measurements from 940 parr (4 months of age) and 884 pre-smolt (7 months of age) fish were examined. There were no significant differences in parr weight, specific growth rate, and presmolt weight between MT-treated fish and non-treated fish, nor between males and females, but there were significant differences in the growth rate and fork length between the stocks from the two farm sources. Precocial males have been found at the pre-smolt stage age and have not been reported previously. There was no indication that measurements taken from MT-treated fish may bias Breeding Value estimates derived from these measurements, but continued monitoring in the next few generations may be necessary to study the relationship between selection for fast growth rate and the incidence of early precocial development in MT-treated fish. Sex was determined by histological examination of the gonads in 159 parrs and 125 presmolts. Forty three percent of monosex family fish were intersex at parr stage and 19% at presmolt stage. The particular MT treatment protocol adopted by the fish farms may have caused transitional intersexuality in the treated fish. It would be necessary to compare different MT treatment protocols and to examine fish of different stocks to determine the source of variation. These findings suggest that the use of MT-treatment to produce XX males may not have any adverse effect on a selective breeding program.
Additional file 1 of Global molecular diversity of RSV – the “INFORM RSV” study
Creators: name: Annefleur C. Langedijk
name: Lebbink, Robert Jan
name: Naaktgeboren, Christiana
name: Evers, Anouk
name: Viveen, Marco C.
name: Greenough, Anne
name: Heikkinen, Terho
name: Stein, Renato T.
name: Richmond, Peter
name: Martinón-Torres, Federico
name: Nunes, Marta
name: Hosoya, Mitsuaki
name: Keller, Christian
name: Bauck, Monika
name: Cohen, Robert
name: Papenburg, Jesse
name: Pernica, Jeffrey
name: Hennus, Marije P.
name: Jin, Hong
name: Tabor, David E.
name: Andrev Tovchigrechko
name: Ruzin, Alexey
name: Abram, Michael E.
name: Wilkins, Deidre
name: Wildenbeest, Joanne G.
name: Kragten-Tabatabaie, Leyla
name: Coenjaerts, Frank E. J.
name: Esser, Mark T.
name: Bont, Louis J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. Countries participating in the INFORM RSV study. 1Two sites are collecting 50 samples each.
Privatization of Eskom -- An Economist's Perspective
Creators: name: Ally-Junior Mamorobela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 140205 Environment and Resource Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This is an article written by Mr. Ally Jr. Mamorobela, a registered Bcom Economics student at the University of Limpopo. This article is about the privatization of Eskom. It lays down the facts on why should Eskom be privatized.
Mitigating Contractual Hazards: Short-term vs. Long-term Contracting in Animal Agriculture
Creators: name: Dubois, Pierre
name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Dubois, Pierre
name: Vukina, Tomislav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The production contracts between integrator firms (principals) and independent growers (agents) in most agricultural settings are governed by short term contracts. Recently, some firms converted their short-term into long-term contracts. This change in contract duration represents a natural experiment that enables us to isolate the effect of the change in contract length from other changes in contract parameters on agents' incentives to perform. Using contract settlement data for the production of hatching eggs we show that switching from a short-term to a long-term contract alleviated the hold-up problem and resulted in increased investments in productivity enhancing technologies and practices which improved performance across all productivity margins.
Elementary particles, holography and the BMS group
Creators: name: Dappiaggi, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of asymptotically flat space-times, it has been suggested to label elementary particles as unitary irreducible representations of the BMS group. We analyse this idea in the spirit of the holographic principle advocating the use of this definition.
description: 5 pages, revtex Several comments added, enhanced bibliography
Experimental investigation of amplification, via a mechanical delay-line, in a rainbow-based metasurface for energy harvesting
Creators: name: De Ponti, Jacopo M.
name: Colombi, Andrea
name: Riva, Emanuele
name: Ardito, Raffaele
name: Braghin, Francesco
name: Corigliano, Alberto
name: Craster, Richard V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a rainbow-based metasurface, created by a graded array of resonant rods attached to an elastic beam, operates as a mechanical delay-line by slowing down surface elastic waves to take advantage of wave interaction with resonance. Experiments demonstrate that the rainbow effect reduces the amplitude of the propagating wave in the host structure. At the same time it dramatically increases both the period of interaction between the waves and the resonators, and the wavefield amplitude in the rod endowed with the harvester. Increased energy is thus fed into the resonators over time, we show the enhanced energy harvesting capabilities of this system.
Additional file 1 of Dynamics of anti-malarial antibodies in non-immune patients during and after a first and unique Plasmodium falciparum malaria episode
Creators: name: Bisoffi, Zeno
name: Bertoldi, Marco
name: Silva, Ronaldo
name: Bertoli, Giulia
name: Ursini, Tamara
name: Marocco, Stefania
name: Piubelli, Chiara
name: Pomari, Elena
name: Buonfrate, Dora
name: Gobbi, Federico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Main characteristics of the study population: country of origin, length of fever, laboratory findings.
Improving the Quality of Women’s Gold in Mali, West Africa: The Case of Shea
Creators: name: Perakis, Sonja Melissa
name: Perakis, Sonja Melissa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Information asymmetry
subject: karité
subject: Mali
subject: rural development
subject: shea
subject: women’s income

description: The collection, primary processing, and subsequent sale of shea-based products make an important contribution to rural women’s cash income in many of Mali’s shea producing areas. Internationally, shea has recently become popular in high-valued cosmetics thanks to its therapeutic properties— a deviation away from its historic use as a cheap cocoa-butter substitute. For these reasons, international development actors have targeted the Malian shea value chain as part of their private-sector-development and rural-poverty-alleviation programs and strategies. Information asymmetry in the production and marketing of shea has led to a “Market for Lemons” scenario much like that described by Akerlof (1970), thereby compromising the subsector’s potential to serve as a powerful source of rural income growth and poverty alleviation. A combination of tools is used to describe the Malian shea value chain, including the “Structure, Conduct, Performance” framework borrowed from the industrial organization literature and the “Subsector Studies” approach popular in current export-led international development strategies. Analogies from subsectors historically plagued by adverse selection and moral hazard are used to identify potential leverage points and intervention strategies for stakeholders to help improve shea quality and returns to primary producers. The analysis suggests the Malian government has the potential to play an important role in this process as a coordinating body and channel captain, with donors and private enterprises playing complementary roles.
Traffic flow splitting from crowdsourced digital route choice support
Creators: name: Storch, David-Maximilian
name: Schröder, Malte
name: Timme, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Digital technology is fundamentally transforming human mobility. Route choices in particular are greatly affected by the availability of traffic data, increased connectivity of data sources and cheap access to computational resources. Digital routing technologies promise more efficient route choices for the individual and a reduction of congestion for cities. Yet, it is unclear how widespread adoption of such technologies actually alters the collective traffic flow dynamics on complex street networks. Here, we answer this question for the dynamics of urban commuting under digital route choice support. Building on the class of congestion games we study the evolution of commuting behavior as a fraction of the population relies on, but also contributes to, crowdsourced traffic information. The remainder of the population makes their route choices based on personal experience. We show how digital route choice support may cause a separation of commuter flows into technology and non-technology users along different routes. This collective behavior may fuel systemic inefficiencies and lead to an increase of congestion as a consequence. These results highlight new research directions in the field of algorithmic design of route choice decision support protocols to help fight congestion, emissions and other systemic inefficiencies in the course of increasing urbanization and digitization.
Comment on `Solution of the Dirac equation for the Woods-Saxon potential with spin and pseudospin symmetry' [J. Y. Guo and Z-Q. Sheng, Phys. Lett. A 338 (2005) 90]
Creators: name: Bila, H.
name: Jakubsky, V.
name: Znojil, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q05

description: Out of the four bound-state solutions presented in loc. cit., only one (viz., the spin-symmetric one, in the low-mass regime) is shown compatible with the physical boundary conditions. We clarify the problem, correct the method and offer another, "missing" (viz., pseudospin-symmetric) new solution with certain counterintuitive "repulsion-generated" property.
description: 6 pp
Impact of China’s Agriculture Policies on Domestic and World Commodity Markets
Creators: name: Hansen, James M.
name: Tuan, Francis C.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Seeley, Ralph
name: Hansen, James M.
name: Tuan, Francis C.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Seeley, Ralph
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: China
subject: policy
subject: trade
subject: value added tax
subject: export tax
subject: subsidies
subject: VAT rebates
subject: dynamic partial equilibrium simulation model

description: China’s agricultural and trade policies have been shifting despite little change in policy objectives. This paper investigates potential implications of recent agriculture policies applied in China, and quantitatively analyzes their impacts on domestic and international commodity markets. Results from a 42 country partial equilibrium dynamic agricultural simulation model indicate that the effects on international markets are likely to be small with world price impacts of less than one percent. The set of policies partially offset each other in the international market. Results indicate increased returns to farmers and lowering domestic prices to consumers. China’s producers increase production slightly because of increased input subsidies. Exports are reduced because of applied export tax and decrease in value added tax rebate. Domestic consumer prices would likely decrease by 2 to 4.5 percent in real terms. The lower prices benefits lower income and rural households, and benefit expanding beef, pork, and poultry production in China.
Additional file 2 of How is self-regulated learning documented in e-portfolios of trainees? A content analysis
Creators: name: Gulden, R. Van Der
name: S. Heeneman
name: A. W. M. Kramer
name: R. F. J. M. Laan
name: N. D. Scherpbier-De Haan
name: B. P. A. Thoonen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Appendix B. How is SRL documented in e-portfolio content. Interrater reliabilities. This table shows the interrater reliabilities that were calculated during the design of the codebook.
On the reduction of the multidimensional Schroedinger equation to a first order equation and its relation to the pseudoanalytic function theory
Creators: name: Kravchenko, Vladislav V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30G20; 30G35; 35J10

description: Given a particular solution of a one-dimensional stationary Schroedinger equation (SE) this equation of second order can be reduced to a first order linear differential equation. This is done with the aid of an auxiliary Riccati equation. We show that a similar fact is true in a multidimensional situation also. We consider the case of two or three independent variables. One particular solution of (SE) allows us to reduce this second order equation to a linear first order quaternionic differential equation. As in one-dimensional case this is done with the aid of an auxiliary Riccati equation. The resulting first order quaternionic equation is equivalent to the static Maxwell system. In the case of two independent variables it is the Vekua equation from theory of generalized analytic functions. We show that even in this case it is necessary to consider not complex valued functions only, solutions of the Vekua equation but complete quaternionic functions. Then the first order quaternionic equation represents two separate Vekua equations, one of which gives us solutions of (SE) and the other can be considered as an auxiliary equation of a simpler structure. For the auxiliary equation we always have the corresponding Bers generating pair, the base of the Bers theory of pseudoanalytic functions, and what is very important, the Bers derivatives of solutions of the auxiliary equation give us solutions of the main Vekua equation and as a consequence of (SE). We obtain an analogue of the Cauchy integral theorem for solutions of (SE). For an ample class of potentials (which includes for instance all radial potentials), this new approach gives us a simple procedure allowing to obtain an infinite sequence of solutions of (SE) from one known particular solution.
Bernoulli numbers and solitons
Creators: name: Grosset, M-P.
name: Veselov, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11B68, 37K40

description: We present a new formula for the Bernoulli numbers as the following integral $$B_{2m} =\frac{(-1)^{m-1}}{2^{2m+1}} \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} (\frac{d^{m-1}}{dx^{m-1}} {sech}^2 x)^2dx. $$ This formula is motivated by the results of Fairlie and Veselov, who discovered the relation of Bernoulli polynomials with soliton theory.
description: 5 pages
Fantasy as an expression of human consciousness : good and evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings
Creators: name: Spry, Gweneth Avis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: When J.R.R. Tolkien wrote “The Lord of the Rings”, he states he did so in response to two things: humankind's unwitting disposition to evil, particularly the evil associated with the desire for power; and, the dearth of myths and legends indigenous to his beloved England. This dearth, he felt, contributed to the failure of the English to recognize, or differentiate between good and evil. Humankind, Tolkien observed, sits "chained in material cause and effect" and no longer thinks in mythic terms, and this dissociation between the material and the mythical, he implies, deprives folk of a most valuable form of knowing. Accordingly, in an effort to provide redress, and to refocus twentieth century consciousness on the properties of good and evil, Tolkien constructed a fantasy that, using the mythic patterns and symbols of Celtic and Northern myths, presented good and evil as concrete and recognizable properties. The unexpected initial success of “The Lord of the Rings” suggests that Tolkien's creation did indeed resonate with his readers, and the ongoing and recent renewal of interest in his novels indicates that the mythic elements he built into the narrative have not lost their impact. This thesis, therefore, examines the way in which Tolkien's traditional mythic representations of good and evil as oppositional and conflicting properties, provide a means of focusing human consciousness on the reality of these distinct categories. In conjunction, this thesis also examines the way in which Tolkien emphasizes the pivotal role of myths and legends in providing not only an understanding of such existential issues as good and evil, but also the importance of this understanding in developing a moral sensibility.
Food Aid and Biofuels: The Effects of Biofuel Policies on Procurement and Delivery
Creators: name: Cardwell, Ryan T.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Cardwell, Ryan T.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: food aid
subject: biofuels
subject: development economics

description: The food-aid community almost unanimously condemns policies that encourage crop production for fuel. Both food-aid donors and recipients are concerned that biofuels will increase foodgrain prices and leave donors unable to meet commitments. The effects of biofuel-induced higher cereal prices on food-aid recipients are complicated functions of several factors, each of which must be considered in an analysis of the effects of biofuel policies. These factors include the level of biofuel-induced price increases, changes in relative commodity prices, donor-recipient relationships and the sources from which food aid is procured. This article analyses the effects of biofuel policies on the food-aid supply chain and concludes that the more reliant a recipient is on emergency (vs. programme and project) food aid, the smaller will be biofuel-related decreases in shipments. Also, the larger is the share of maize (relative to wheat and rice) in a recipients’ food-aid basket, the more detrimental will be the impact of higher foodgrain prices. Movements toward local and regional food-aid procurement are unlikely to significantly insulate food-aid shipments from biofuel-related price increases.
Additional file 1 of How is self-regulated learning documented in e-portfolios of trainees? A content analysis
Creators: name: Gulden, R. Van Der
name: S. Heeneman
name: A. W. M. Kramer
name: R. F. J. M. Laan
name: N. D. Scherpbier-De Haan
name: B. P. A. Thoonen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Appendix A. How is SRL documented in e-portfolio content. Codebook. In this appendix the codebook used for the content analysis is displayed.
Selective Rydberg pumping via strong dipole blockade
Creators: name: Shao, Xiao-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resonant dipole-dipole interaction between highly excited Rydberg levels dominates the interaction of neutral atoms at short distances scaling as $1/r^3$. Here we take advantage of the combined effects of strong dipole-dipole interaction and multifrequency driving fields to propose one type of selective Rydberg pumping mechanism. In the computational basis of two atoms $\{|00\rangle, |01\rangle,|10\rangle,|11\rangle\}$, this mechanism allows $|11\rangle$ to be resonantly pumped upwards to the single-excited Rydberg states while the transitions of the other three states are suppressed. From the perspective of mathematical form, we achieve an analogous Föster resonance for ground states of neutral atoms. The performance of this selective Rydberg pumping is evaluated using the definition of fidelity for controlled-$Z$ gate, which manifests a characteristic of robustness to deviation of interatomic distance, fluctuation of Föster resonance defect, and spontaneous emission of double-excited Rydberg states. As applications of this mechanism, we discuss in detail the preparation of the maximally entangled symmetric state for two atoms via ground-state blockade, and the maximally entangled antisymmetric state via engineered spontaneous emission, within the state-of-the-art experiments, respectively.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures, and comments are welcome
Navarro-Frenk-White dark matter profile and the dark halos around disk systems
Creators: name: Dehghani, Razieh
name: Salucci, Paolo
name: Ghaffarnejad, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $Λ$ cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) scenario well describes the Universe at large scales, but shows some serious difficulties at small scales: the inner dark matter (DM) density profiles of spiral galaxies generally appear to be cored, without the $r^{-1}$ predicted by N-body simulations in the above scenario. In a more physical context, the baryons in the galaxy might backreact and erase the original cusp through supernova explosions. Before that this effect be investigated, it is important to determine how wide and frequent the discrepancy between observed and N-body predicted profiles is and what its features are. We used more than 3200 quite extended rotation curves (RCs) of good quality and high resolution of disk systems. The curves cover all magnitude ranges. These RCs were condensed into 26 coadded RCs, each of them built with individual RCs of galaxies of similar luminosity and morphology. We performed mass models of these 26 RCs using the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile for the contribution of the DM halo to the circular velocity and the exponential Freeman disk for that of the stellar disk. The fits are generally poor in all the 26 cases: in several cases, we find $χ^2_{red}>2$. Moreover, the best-fitting values of three parameters of the model ($c$, $M_D$, and $M_{vir}$) combined with those of their 1$σ$ uncertainty clearly contradict well-known expectations of the $Λ$CDM scenario. We also tested the scaling relations that exist in spirals with the fitting outcome: the modeling does not account for these scaling relations. Therefore, NFW halo density law cannot account for the kinematics of the whole family of disk galaxies. It is therefore mandatory for the $ΛCDM$ scenario in any disk galaxy of any luminosity to transform initial cusps into the observed cores.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures in Print
Disease and Behavioral Dynamics for Brucellosis Control in Elk and Cattle in the Greater Yellowstone Area
Creators: name: Xie, Fang
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Xie, Fang
name: Horan, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Bioeconomics
subject: disease ecology
subject: epidemiology
subject: replicator dynamics
subject: susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model
subject: wildlife disease
subject: wildlife feeding

description: This paper investigates private responses and ecological impacts of policies proposed to confront the problem of brucellosis being spread from elk to cattle in Wyoming. The policies consist of combinations of changes in elk feeding and population levels. Farmers’ responses to these dynamics are modeled along with the associated impacts to livestock population dynamics. Our findings suggest that feedbacks between jointly determined disease dynamics and decentralized economic behavior matter, and the elk feedgrounds do not actually generate economic harm to the individual farmers.
Probabilistic definition of the perturbative theoretical uncertainty from missing higher orders
Creators: name: Bonvini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of quantifying the uncertainty on theoretical predictions based on perturbation theory due to missing higher orders. The most widely used approach, scale variation, is largely arbitrary and it has no probabilistic foundation, making it not suitable for robust data analysis. In 2011, Cacciari and Houdeau proposed a model based on a Bayesian approach to provide a probabilistic definition of the theory uncertainty from missing higher orders. In this work, we propose an improved version of the Cacciari-Houdeau model, that overcomes some limitations. In particular, it performs much better in case of perturbative expansions with large high-order contributions (as it often happens in QCD). In addition, we propose an alternative model based on the same idea of scale variation, which overcomes some of the shortcomings of the canonical approach, on top of providing a probabilistically-sound result. Moreover, we address the problem of the dependence of theoretical predictions on unphysical scales (such as the renormalization scale), and propose a solution to obtain a scale-independent result within the probabilistic framework. We validate these methods on expansions with known sums, and apply them to a number of physical observables in particle physics. We also investigate some variations, improvements and combinations of the models. We believe that these methods provide a powerful tool to reliably estimate theory uncertainty from missing higher orders that can be used in any physics analysis. The results of this work are easily accessible through a public code named THunc.
description: 88 pages, many figures. Version published in EPJC
Rates of Return to Public Agricultural Research in 48 U.S. States
Creators: name: Plastina, Alejandro S.
name: Fulginiti, Lilyan E.
name: Plastina, Alejandro S.
name: Fulginiti, Lilyan E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: internal rates of return
subject: public R&D
subject: spillins
subject: local public goods
subject: appropriate jurisdiction
subject: spatial.

description: The internal rate of return to public investment in agricultural R&D is estimated for each of the continental U.S. states. Theoretically, our contribution provides a way of obtaining the returns to a local public good using Rothbart’s concept of virtual prices. Empirically, we use the spatial dependency among states generated by knowledge spillovers to define the ‘appropriate’ jurisdiction. We estimate an average own-state rate of 17% and a social rate of 27%. These figures should inform the policy debate on the allocation of federal funds to research in anticipation of a possible global food crisis.
Two-Ion Dusty Plasma Waves and Landau Damping
Creators: name: Atamaniuk, B.
name: Zuchowski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper analyses the properties of dusty plasmas in the extreme conditions when the free electrons are absent. The nonlinear Korteveg de Vries equation with a nonlocal (integral) term in a small parameter approximation is derived. The conditions are determined when the integral term is essential hence the Landau damping of two-ion-dusty plasma waves is substantial.
Fertilizer profitability in East Africa: A Spatially Explicit Policy Analysis
Creators: name: Guo, Zhe
name: Koo, Jawoo
name: Wood, Stanley
name: Guo, Zhe
name: Koo, Jawoo
name: Wood, Stanley
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Fertilizer profitability
subject: Value cost ratio
subject: transport cost
subject: East Africa

description: Even though it is clear that Substantial growth in inorganic fertilizer use is a prerequisite for sustained agricultural growth in Africa, fertilizer use is still one of the factors explaining lagging agricultural productivity growth in SSA. High transport costs and less policy support pose a significant barrier to make fertilizer application profitable in Africa. This paper is aimed to identify organizational and institutional changes that could reduce fertilizer transport costs and their impacts on profitability of fertilizer application. A model is constructed to simulated transport costs from ports to farm-gate at pixel level based on the knowledge of road network condition, surface land cover type, slope, imported fertilizer price at the port, storing fee, handling fee and regulation fee. Furthermore, farm-gate fertilizer price, maize price and VCR (value cost ratio) are calculated. To test the impacts of different policies and strategies to fertilizer profitability, several scenario simulations are developed to visualize them. There are five scenarios considered in the paper including: a) Baseline scenario b) Reduce fertilizer price at port by 20 and 50% c) Transport cost reduce by 20% and 50% d) Reduce country crossing cost by 20% and 50% e) combination of b, c, and d. The research indicated that fertilizer price varies from space. Impacts of scenarios and their severity vary spatially also. There are opportunities to reduce domestic farm-gate fertilizer price if appropriate policy and strategies are made to lower fertilizer transport costs such as improving road condition, decrease handling fee and applying supporting policies and strategies are decreased. Price reduction would increase farmer’s effective demand for fertilizer and make fertilizer application profitable. With high incentives of fertilizer consumption, local farmers could increase agriculture production in the end.
U.S. Dairy Industry Supply Control: Managing the Cooperatives Working Together Program
Creators: name: Siebert, John W.
name: Lyford, Conrad P.
name: Siebert, John W.
name: Lyford, Conrad P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This teaching note is intended as a guide for classroom use of the case, “U.S. Dairy Industry Supply Control: Managing the Cooperatives Working Together Program.” Some of the teaching objectives of this case are to: (1) evaluate the benefits from an industry supply control effort; (2) understand the problems and causes of oversupply in a commodity industry; and (3) learn about price equilibrium. Teachers using this note can present a dynamic analysis using the cobweb theorem. Also, teachers can compare and contrast the welfare impact of funding supply control versus the welfare impact of funding commodity promotion.