cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The size distribution, scaling properties and spatial organization of urban clusters: a global and regional perspective
Creators: name: Fluschnik, Till
name: Kriewald, Steffen
name: Ros, Anselmo García Cantú
name: Zhou, Bin
name: Reusser, Dominik E.
name: Kropp, Jürgen P.
name: Rybski, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Human development has far-reaching impacts on the surface of the globe. The transformation of natural land cover occurs in different forms and urban growth is one of the most eminent transformative processes. We analyze global land cover data and extract cities as defined by maximally connected urban clusters. The analysis of the city size distribution for all cities on the globe confirms Zipf's law. Moreover, by investigating the percolation properties of the clustering of urban areas we assess the closeness to criticality for various countries. At the critical thresholds, the urban land cover of the countries undergoes a transition from separated clusters to a gigantic component on the country scale. We study the Zipf-exponents as a function of the closeness to percolation and find a systematic decrease with increasing scale, which could be the reason for deviating exponents reported in literature. Moreover, we investigate the average size of the clusters as a function of the proximity to percolation and find country specific behavior. By relating the standard deviation and the average of cluster sizes -- analogous to Taylor's law -- we suggest an alternative way to identify the percolation transition. We calculate spatial correlations of the urban land cover and find long-range correlations. Finally, by relating the areas of cities with population figures we address the global aspect of the allometry of cities, finding an exponent $δ\approx 0.85$, i.e. large cities have lower densities.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Rotation-induced Mode Coupling in Open Wavelength-scale Microcavities
Creators: name: Ge, Li
name: Sarma, Raktim
name: Cao, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay between rotation and openness for mode coupling in wavelength-scale microcavities. In cavities deformed from a circular disk, the decay rates of a quasi-degenerate pair of resonances may cross or anti-cross with increasing rotation speed. The standing-wave resonances evolve to traveling-wave resonances at high rotation speed, however, both the clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) traveling-wave resonances can have a lower cavity decay rate, in contrary to the intuitive expectation from rotation-dependent effective index. With increasing rotation speed, a phase locking between the CW and CCW wave components in a resonance takes place. These phenomena result from the rotation-induced mode coupling, which is strongly influenced by the openness of the microcavity. The possibility of a non-monotonic Sagnac effect is also discussed.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Youthmappers: A Global Network To Empower Students In Mapping The World
Creators: name: Rautenbach, Victoria
name: Minghini, Marco
name: Coetzee, Serena
name: Solis, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: YouthMappers
mapathons
collaborative mapping
OpenStreetMap

description: OpenStreetMap (OSM) is an openly-licensed geospatial database created and edited by millions of volunteers worldwide. This database is used in various humanitarian projects, such as mapping during disaster relief operations or malaria elimination campaigns. In some parts of the world, for example certain areas in Mozambique, no official cartographic data is available and hence OSM can play a crucial role. A mapathon (literally “map marathon”) is a collaborative effect that is an effective method of collecting map data in unmapped areas. Through the YouthMappers global initiative (http://www.youthmappers.org), students are actively engaging in OSM-based collaborative mapping efforts internationally. We will briefly discuss the process followed by three YouthMappers chapters; Politecnico di Milano (Italy), Texas Tech University (United States of America), and University of Pretoria (South Africa), and lessons learned. In Milano, students’ mapathons are organized monthly and they are focused either on field-mapping (e.g. to improve the OSM map of the university) or remote mapping on humanitarian tasks; learning sessions on OSM editing tools are also held periodically. In Texas, students organize mapathons several times per year, and they can take a dedicated service-learning course for credit where they work on teams with other students around the world to map the same areas and research the humanitarian or development issue affecting the region. In Pretoria, monthly mapathons are held and each mapathon focusses on a different area. Extra credits are offered to encourage participation. From our experiences, it became evident that even though OSM tools are user-friendly, students do need some training, and a short training video as part of the introduction presentation was developed. Additionally, understanding the purpose for a mapathon in an area, motivates and encourage active participation and ensures that quality data is captured. Internationally students participate and learn from other YouthMappers chapters through regular organized web conferences. In conclusion, incorporating mapathons into the curriculum encourages students to contribute needed data required for humanitarian projects. Simultaneously, students get practical experience in data capturing and awareness is raised of humanitarian challenges in other parts of the world.
Valley contrasting bulk photovoltaic effect in antiferromagnetic MnPSe$_3$ monolayer
Creators: name: Xue, Qianqian
name: Mu, Xingchi
name: Sun, Yan
name: Zhou, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Valleytronics that uses the inequivalent electronic states at the band extrema in semiconductors have been considered to play a vital role in the future information read/write technology. In the current work, we theoretically show that sizable valley contrasting bulk photovoltaic (BPV) effect could emerge, even when the total photocurrent is symmetrically forbidden. We illustrate our theory by using a prototypical two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductor, MnPSe3 monolayer, that is PT-symmetric (P and T refer to spatially inversion and time-reversal operators, respectively). We show that the Neel vector well controls the magnetic point group at the $Γ$ point, and the BPV current direction. In addition, $\mathbf{k}$-dependent photocurrent generally arises due to the reduction of little group constraints at the valley. This leads to hidden valley-polarized photoconductivity which could reach a magnitude of 1350 $μ$A/V&^2&, observable experimentally. We further predict that the MnPSe$_3$ monolayer could be two-dimensional ferrotoroidic, again depending on its Neel vector direction, which can be determined via magnetoelectric response measurements. Our work provides an exemplary platform for paving the route to future opto-spintronic and opto-valleytronic devices in a single antiferromagnetic nanomaterial.
description: 5 pages, combined with main text and supplemental material, under peer review
Casimir interaction between spherical and planar plasma sheets
Creators: name: Teo, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the interaction between a spherical plasma sheet and a planar plasma sheet due to the vacuum fluctuations of electromagnetic fields. We use the mode summation approach to derive the Casimir interaction energy and study its asymptotic behaviors. In the small separation regime, we confirm the proximity force approximation and calculate the first correction beyond the proximity force approximation. This study has potential application to model Casimir interaction between objects made of materials that can be modeled by plasma sheets such as graphene sheets.
description: 13 pages
title: The evolutionary empire: demystifying state formation in Mughal South Asia 1556-1707
Creators: name: Morshed, Safya
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: This doctoral thesis studies how conflicts affected state formation in the Mughal empire. Specifically, it shows that the precarious relationship between the state and powerful elites (Mansabdars and Zamindars) led the state to adopt policies which prioritised local governance and empowered the elite. The administrative skills of this elite incentivised the state to adopt a state-building strategy of conciliation and cooperation. High costs of conflict made these elites increasingly valuable to the state because of their effectiveness at administering at lower costs. As the costs and nature of conflicts changed over time, the state adapted to these challenges by ‘localising’ the structure of administration. Where recent literature on Mughal state has been more qualitative, I adopt a relatively more quantitative approach to measuring the effects of conflict on state development over time. By building or digitising new datasets of Mughal conflicts and government officials, I map the empire’s institutional transformation and identify critical periods of structural change. I supplement the statistical findings with case-study analysis and anecdotal evidence to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved. I compare patterns of development to other Asian empires to highlight the divergent paths of development within the continent. This thesis bridges and contributes towards two literatures which have not engaged with one another methodologically: 1) debates on the development of precolonial India and 2) the role of conflicts on the state capacity of early modern states. Whilst both literatures have increasingly stressed the importance of high information costs in influencing the management of elite intermediaries in early modern states, how conflict pressures influenced state policies in Mughal India have yet to be explored fully. My findings challenge literature that has argued the state’s structure was centralised and static in the seventeenth century. The findings instead demonstrate a dynamic evolution of the empire over the period. The findings additionally highlight the importance of local cultures, institutions and environments in influencing paths of state formation.
Evaluating Digital Work Instructions with Augmented Reality versus Paper-based Documents for Manual, Object-Specific Repair Tasks in a Case Study with Experienced Workers
Creators: name: Eversberg, Leon
name: Lambrecht, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Manual repair tasks in the industry of maintenance, repair, and overhaul require experience and object-specific information. Today, many of these repair tasks are still performed and documented with inefficient paper documents. Cognitive assistance systems have the potential to reduce costs, errors, and mental workload by providing all required information digitally. In this case study, we present an assistance system for object-specific repair tasks for turbine blades. The assistance system provides digital work instructions and uses augmented reality to display spatial information. In a user study with ten experienced metalworkers performing a familiar repair task, we compare time to task completion, subjective workload, and system usability of the new assistance system to their established paper-based workflow. All participants stated that they preferred the assistance system over the paper documents. The results of the study show that the manual repair task can be completed 21 % faster and with a 26 % lower perceived workload using the assistance system.
Risk Factors for Repeat Healthcare Use following Hospitalisation with an Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Creators: name: Cushen, Breda
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of deathworldwide. Up to one-tenth of patients hospitalised with a COPD exacerbation dieduring admission and, of those surviving to discharge, more than one-third will bereadmitted within 90 days with many more treated for a repeat exacerbation in theemergency department or in the community. These figures are reported universally,despite significant variation in the access to, structure and resources of healthcaresystems across different jurisdictions. However, even with the high frequency ofexacerbations, and the severity of their consequences, they remain poorly understoodand poorly studied. Furthermore, there is no robust clinical predictive tool to aidphysicians in their assessment of who is most at risk at the time of hospital discharge.In this thesis, I explore the reasons why so many patients hospitalised with anexacerbation of COPD experience a repeat exacerbation within 90-days of discharge.By using change in respirable lung volume as a marker of treatment response, Isuccessfully test the hypothesis that the risk of repeat exacerbation in COPD isincreased in patients whose exacerbation has failed to adequately recover by the timeof hospital discharge. In addition, I discuss the derivation of a clinical score, theCOPD-2-HOME score, which incorporates treatment response, as determined bychange in lung volumes, symptoms, underlying disease severity, prior healthcare useand the presence of stable state eosinophilia, to estimate the risk of 90-daymoderate-severe COPD exacerbation at the time of hospital discharge. I demonstratehow the five point COPD-2-HOME score can reliably stratify patients into groups ofLow, Intermediate and High risk of re-exacerbation, through its external validation inthree multinational study cohorts. I also explore other potential reasons for the highrates of healthcare use amongst COPD patients, which were not captured in thederivation study, including variations in adherence to inhaled therapies, and examinethe relationship of distinct adherence behaviours to clinical outcomes in this cohort.Finally, I discuss the implications of this work and propose a new strategy for thefuture management of patients hospitalised with an acute exacerbation of COPD.
X-ray imaging of chemically active valence electrons during a pericyclic reaction
Creators: name: Bredtmann, Timm
name: Ivanov, Misha
name: Dixit, Gopal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-resolved imaging of chemically active valence electron densities is a long sought goal, as these electrons dictate the course of chemical reactions. However, x-ray scattering is always dominated by the core and inert valence electrons, making time-resolved x-ray imaging of chemically active valence electron densities extremely challenging. To image such electron densities, we demonstrate an effective and robust method, which emphasizes the information encoded in weakly scattered photons. The degenerate Cope rearrangement of semibullvalene, a pericyclic reaction, is used as an example to visually illustrate our approach. Our work also provides experimental access to the long-standing problem of synchronous versus asynchronous bond formation and breaking during pericyclic reactions.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, comments are most welcome
Hamiltonian Neural Networks with Automatic Symmetry Detection
Creators: name: Dierkes, Eva
name: Offen, Christian
name: Ober-Blöbaum, Sina
name: Flaßkamp, Kathrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, Hamiltonian neural networks (HNN) have been introduced to incorporate prior physical knowledge when learning the dynamical equations of Hamiltonian systems. Hereby, the symplectic system structure is preserved despite the data-driven modeling approach. However, preserving symmetries requires additional attention. In this research, we enhance HNN with a Lie algebra framework to detect and embed symmetries in the neural network. This approach allows to simultaneously learn the symmetry group action and the total energy of the system. As illustrating examples, a pendulum on a cart and a two-body problem from astrodynamics are considered.
Recombination between heterologous human acrocentric chromosomes (Supplementary Files)
Creators: name: Guarracino, Andrea
name: Buonaiuto, Silvia
name: De Lima, Leonardo Gomes
name: Potapova, Tamara
name: Rhie, Arang
name: Koren, Sergey
name: Rubinstein, Boris
name: Fischer, Christian
name: Human Pangenome Reference Consortium
name: Gerton, Jennifer
name: Phillippy, Adam M.
name: Colonna, Vincenza
name: Garrison, Erik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supplementary files of the publication "Recombination between heterologous human acrocentric chromosomes".
Stutter-TTS: Controlled Synthesis and Improved Recognition of Stuttered Speech
Creators: name: Zhang, Xin
name: Vallés-Pérez, Iván
name: Stolcke, Andreas
name: Yu, Chengzhu
name: Droppo, Jasha
name: Shonibare, Olabanji
name: Barra-Chicote, Roberto
name: Ravichandran, Venkatesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Stuttering is a speech disorder where the natural flow of speech is interrupted by blocks, repetitions or prolongations of syllables, words and phrases. The majority of existing automatic speech recognition (ASR) interfaces perform poorly on utterances with stutter, mainly due to lack of matched training data. Synthesis of speech with stutter thus presents an opportunity to improve ASR for this type of speech. We describe Stutter-TTS, an end-to-end neural text-to-speech model capable of synthesizing diverse types of stuttering utterances. We develop a simple, yet effective prosody-control strategy whereby additional tokens are introduced into source text during training to represent specific stuttering characteristics. By choosing the position of the stutter tokens, Stutter-TTS allows word-level control of where stuttering occurs in the synthesized utterance. We are able to synthesize stutter events with high accuracy (F1-scores between 0.63 and 0.84, depending on stutter type). By fine-tuning an ASR model on synthetic stuttered speech we are able to reduce word error by 5.7% relative on stuttered utterances, with only minor (<0.2% relative) degradation for fluent utterances.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Quantum spin Hall effect on germanene nanoroad embedded in a completely hydrogenated germanene
Creators: name: Seixas, L.
name: Padilha, J. E.
name: Fazzio, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that germanene nanoroads embedded in a completely hydrogenated germanene (germanane) exhibits a quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE). These nanoroads can be obtained experimentally by local hydrogen dissociation from germanane. Using first principle calculations we predict that germanene nanoroads with zigzag interfaces show dissipationless conducting channels with in-plane and out-of-plane spin textures.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Tier Balancing: Towards Dynamic Fairness over Underlying Causal Factors
Creators: name: Tang, Zeyu
name: Chen, Yatong
name: Liu, Yang
name: Zhang, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The pursuit of long-term fairness involves the interplay between decision-making and the underlying data generating process. In this paper, through causal modeling with a directed acyclic graph (DAG) on the decision-distribution interplay, we investigate the possibility of achieving long-term fairness from a dynamic perspective. We propose Tier Balancing, a technically more challenging but more natural notion to achieve in the context of long-term, dynamic fairness analysis. Different from previous fairness notions that are defined purely on observed variables, our notion goes one step further, capturing behind-the-scenes situation changes on the unobserved latent causal factors that directly carry out the influence from the current decision to the future data distribution. Under the specified dynamics, we prove that in general one cannot achieve the long-term fairness goal only through one-step interventions. Furthermore, in the effort of approaching long-term fairness, we consider the mission of "getting closer to" the long-term fairness goal and present possibility and impossibility results accordingly.
Summarisation of Short-Term and Long-Term Videos using Texture and Colour
Creators: name: Carvajal, Johanna
name: McCool, Chris
name: Sanderson, Conrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6; I.4.7; I.4.9; I.5.4; I.2.10

description: We present a novel approach to video summarisation that makes use of a Bag-of-visual-Textures (BoT) approach. Two systems are proposed, one based solely on the BoT approach and another which exploits both colour information and BoT features. On 50 short-term videos from the Open Video Project we show that our BoT and fusion systems both achieve state-of-the-art performance, obtaining an average F-measure of 0.83 and 0.86 respectively, a relative improvement of 9% and 13% when compared to the previous state-of-the-art. When applied to a new underwater surveillance dataset containing 33 long-term videos, the proposed system reduces the amount of footage by a factor of 27, with only minor degradation in the information content. This order of magnitude reduction in video data represents significant savings in terms of time and potential labour cost when manually reviewing such footage.
description: IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2014
Out of equilibrium dynamics of repulsive ranked diffusions: the expanding crystal
Creators: name: Flack, Ana
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium Langevin dynamics of $N$ particles in one dimension with Coulomb repulsive linear interactions. This is a dynamical version of the so-called jellium model (without confinement) also known as ranked diffusion. Using a mapping to the Lieb-Liniger model of quantum bosons, we obtain an exact formula for the joint distribution of the positions of the $N$ particles at time $t$, all starting from the origin. A saddle point analysis shows that the system converges at large time to a linearly expanding crystal. Properly rescaled, this dynamical state resembles the equilibrium crystal in a time dependent effective quadratic potential. This analogy allows to study the fluctuations around the perfect crystal, which, to leading order, are Gaussian. There are however deviations from this Gaussian behavior, which embody long-range correlations of purely dynamical origin, characterized by the higher order cumulants of, e.g., the gaps between the particles, that we calculate exactly. We complement these results using a recent approach by one of us in terms of a noisy Burgers equation. In the large $N$ limit, the mean density of the gas can be obtained at any time from the solution of a deterministic viscous Burgers equation. This approach provides a quantitative description of the dense regime at shorter times. Our predictions are in good agreement with numerical simulations for finite and large $N$.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures
User 2_360 stereo video
Creators: name: Calahorra, Guillermo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: vr-together

description: Complete 360 stereoscopic version for User 2.
 Video Composition of the full experience:
 Interrogation room story video and video
 compositing for conversation between the
 users.
 Equirectangular.
 Stereoscopic.
Stability of Bogoliubov Fermi Surfaces within BCS Theory
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Ankita
name: Timm, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been realized that the gap nodes of multiband superconductors that break time-reversal symmetry generically take the form of Fermi surfaces of Bogoliubov quasiparticles. However, these Fermi surfaces lead to a nonzero density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy, which typically disfavors such superconducting states. It has thus not been clear whether they can be stable for reasonable pairing interactions or are in practice preempted by time-reversal-symmetric states with vanishing DOS. In this Letter, we show within BCS theory applied to a paradigmatic model that the time-reversal-symmetry-breaking states are indeed stabilized over broad parameter ranges at weak coupling. Moreover, we introduce a fast method that involves solving the inverse BCS gap equation, does not require iteration, does not suffer from convergence problems, and can handle metastable solutions.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Utterances with themes as strategies to address a broad Question Under Discussion
Creators: name: Mayol, Laia
name: Vallduví, Enric
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2020

description: In a QUD-model of discourse, any utterance elaborates on the maximal QUD in that context. QUDs play an essential role in defining the two parts in which an utterance can be divided: theme and rheme. An utterance must always contain a rheme, which is the part that elaborates on the QUD, and may contain a theme, which replicates content already present in the QUD. Since themes are replicating material already present in the QUD, one may wonder why themes are uttered at all. Vallduví (2016) proposes that themes signal the the QUD update will have an intermediate step and that the QUD being addressed is not the maximal one. In other words, themes mark that the QUD update is non-default. The goal of this paper is to empirically examine one of these non-default updates and, in particular, whether theme-containing utterances can be used to signal that the QUD being addressed is broader than the maximal one and, if so, whether they are necessary in this situation. Two discourse-completion studies in Catalan were carried out. The results show that theme-containing utterances are mostly used to address a broad QUD (as opposed to narrower ones) and that when speakers decide to address a broad QUD, the proportion of theme-containing utterances increases significantly. The use of themes is, however, not required to signal this change of QUD; themeless-utterances can also be used in this context.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 24 No 1 (2020): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 24
An Analytical Approach to Scattering Between Two Thin Magnetic Flux Tubes in a Stratified Atmosphere
Creators: name: Hanson, Chris S.
name: Cally, Paul S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We expand on recent studies to analytically model the behavior of two thin flux tubes interacting through the near- and acoustic far-field. The multiple scattering that occurs between the pair alters the absorption and phase of the outgoing wave, when compared to non-interacting tubes. We have included both the sausage and kink scatter produced by the pair. It is shown that the sausage mode's contribution to the scattered wave field is significant, and plays an equally important role in the multiple scattering regime. A disparity between recent numerical results and analytical studies, in particular the lack of symmetry between the two kink modes, is addressed. This symmetry break is found to be caused by an incorrect solution for the near-field modes.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophys. J. (29 Dec 2013)
Facebook as Platform for Health Communication: Engaging Users in Promoting Orofacial Cleft Programs Among Cleft Communities in Rizal Province, Philippines
Creators: name: Cruz, Christine Delos Santos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Orofacial Cleft
Facebook Communication
orofacial clefting communication

description: Two hundred and sixty-one participants from the Noordhoff Craniofacial Foundation (NCF)- Rizal were surveyed to determine the potential of Facebook as a platform for orofacial clefting (OFC) communication. Premised on the Uses and Gratification Theory by Elihu Katz and Jay Blumler (1974), the study assumed that Facebook's special features satisfy the needs of the media consumers, which in turn gives them the motivation to patronize it. The results of the study showed that Facebook holds considerable potential for health communication specifically for OFC communication compared to its traditional counterparts and other social media channels. The survey revealed that Facebook topped the list in terms of respondents' medium preference with 98% share, exceeding the popularity of other traditional media such as television (96%), radio (6%) and print (1%), and other social media accounts such as YouTube (38%), Instagram (1%) and Twitter (1%). It is associated with the Facebook's special features such as accessibility, interactivity, multi-content, customizable that fulfill the respondents' need for OFC communication like connection, support, empowerment, information, and communication. There were also threats exposed using Facebook as a medium for OFC communication; connectivity and concerns on digital gap were raised as well as issues on privacy and bullying. Moreover, the study revealed that Facebook is not fully maximized for health communication but for other purposes.
deepPERFECT: Novel Deep Learning CT Synthesis Method for Expeditious Pancreatic Cancer Radiotherapy
Creators: name: Hooshangnejad, Hamed
name: Chen, Quan
name: Feng, Xue
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Ding, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pancreatic cancer with more than 60,000 new cases each year has less than 10 percent 5-year overall survival. Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective treatment for Locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). The current clinical RT workflow is lengthy and involves separate image acquisition for diagnostic CT (dCT) and planning CT (pCT). Studies have shown a reduction in mortality rate from expeditious radiotherapy treatment. dCT and pCT are acquired separately because of the differences in the image acquisition setup and patient body. We are presenting deepPERFECT: deep learning-based model to adapt the shape of the patient body on dCT to the treatment delivery setup. Our method expedites the treatment course by allowing the design of the initial RT planning before the pCT acquisition. Thus, the physicians can evaluate the potential RT prognosis ahead of time, verify the plan on the treatment day-one CT and apply any online adaptation if needed. We used the data from 25 pancreatic cancer patients. The model was trained on 15 cases and tested on the remaining ten cases. We evaluated the performance of four different deep-learning architectures for this task. The synthesized CT (sCT) and regions of interest (ROIs) were compared with ground truth (pCT) using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD). We found that the three-dimensional Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model trained on large patches has the best performance. The average DSC and HD for body contours were 0.93, and 4.6 mm. We found no statistically significant difference between the synthesized CT plans and the ground truth. We showed that employing deepPERFECT shortens the current lengthy clinical workflow by at least one week and improves the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of life of pancreatic cancer patients.
description: paper is under review by medical physics
High intensity study of THz detectors based on field effect transistors
Creators: name: But, Dmytro B.
name: Drexler, Christoph
name: Sakhno, Mykola V.
name: Dyakonova, Nina
name: Drachenko, Oleksiy
name: Gutin, Alexey
name: Sizov, Fiodor F.
name: Ganichev, Sergey D.
name: Knap, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Terahertz power dependence of the photoresponse of field effect transistors, operating at frequencies from 0.1 to 3 THz for incident radiation power density up to 100 kW/cm^2 was studied for Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors and InGaAs high electron mobility transistors. The photoresponse increased linearly with increasing radiation power up to kW/cm^2 range. The saturation of the photoresponse was observed for all investigated field effect transistors for intensities above several kW/cm^2. The observed signal saturation is explained by drain photocurrent saturation similar to saturation in direct currents output characteristics. The theoretical model of terahertz field effect transistor photoresponse at high intensity was developed. The model explains quantitatively experimental data both in linear and nonlinear (saturation) range. Our results show that dynamic range of field effect transistors is very high and can extend over more than six orderd of magnitudes of power densities (from 0.5 mW/cm^2 to 5 kW/cm^2).
War from Outer Space: Science Fiction or Emerging Reality?
Creators: name: Marsili, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: space
outer space
New START
Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF)
Open Skies
missile
counterspace
Emerging disruptive technologies (EDT)
Strategic Defense Initiative
Star Wars Program
Cold War
Russia
China
United States (US)
Hypersonic weapons
international law
international humanitarian law
defence
security
defense
international relations

description: Space is governed by bilateral treaties that belong to the Cold War era. The withdrawal by the Trump Administration from two major treaties such as the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces and Open Skies , blaming Russia for the decision, jeopardizes the space neutrality. U.S. President Biden took the decision to seek a five-year extension of New START, until Feb. 5, 2026, and Russia agreed. Nevertheless, the unilateral withdrawal from the Outer Space Treaty by one of the major space powers is likely. Space control is essential, given the heavy reliance on space systems and the rapidly increasing proliferation of missile technology and counterspace systems. Emerging disruptive technologies are game-changing and will determine the conflicts and the geopolitical scenario of next decades. Hypersonic weapons are changing the character of war, will play a huge role in the global power balance by undermining core pillars of geopolitics such as geography and technological power. Like a time machine, global defense and security concerns take us back to the time of the Strategic Defense Initiative - known as "Star Wars Program" - the satellites and space-based missile system established by the U.S. on the eve of the end of the Cold War, intended to protect the country from attack by Soviet ballistic strategic nuclear weapons. This missile shield programme was designed to render nuclear weapons obsolete, but it appears to have failed. Space has been elevated by the U.S. and NATO to warfighting domain and has already been militarized by Russia and raising China. So far, the international community failed to reach a solution to prevent an arms race in outer space. Space war is no more a science-fiction scenario; it’s an emerging reality. This presentation aims to shed light on the hazard of an outer space which is not governed by any rules and tackles the challenges coming from the militarization of this operational domain. The question is how to avoid a star war in Outer Space and to prevent a conflict on Earth from the above?
description: The author gratefully acknowledges the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for supporting this study through grant SFRH/BD/136170/2018.
IIMCB - Centre of Excellence in RNA and Cell Biology
Creators: name: Pilecka, Iwona
name: Wasiak-Libiszowska, Dorota
name: Ogonowski, Marcin
name: Danylow, Alexia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Centre of Excellence
Research Institute
Molecular biology
Cell biology

description: The International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw (IIMCB) as a Centre of Excellence in RNA and Cell Biology
Exploring the relationship between Australian university websites and international student enrolments using ICTRT Framework
Creators: name: Jayawardena, Nirma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Marketing communications
Marketing research methodology

description: The lack of interaction and relationship building capabilities of the low ranking university websites is considered as a major reason for the lower student enrolments (Klassen, 2002). The tertiary education institutes which target international students should enhance the international student recruitment process through improving the online customer service as most of the international students rely on the internet when selecting a study destination (Gomes & Murphy, 2003). The main aim of this research is to explore the relationship between Australian university websites and international student enrolments. Few studies have investigated this relationship and, as such, this research addresses some of the existing knowledge gaps. A mono-method qualitative methodology was adopted for this study. Primary data collection was through the website content of selected Australian universities. Six Australian universities were selected; three universities with positive international student enrolments and three universities with negative international student enrolments. The website content of the selected six universities was analysed using the dimensions of the ICTRT framework (Li & Wang, 2011) to evaluate website effectiveness. The study results were based on two analysis levels, an overall thematic analysis (level 1) and an ICTRT framework based analysis (level 2). The thematic analysis, based on the major themes and concepts, was conducted using Leximancer 4.5. Two major findings emerged. First, the websites of universities with positive international student enrolments tend to be more people focused whereas websites from universities with negative international student enrolments tend to be technology or system focused. Second, websites from universities with positive international student enrolments tend to be more visionary or forward focused whereas websites from universities with negative international student enrolments tend to be more backward focused. Additionally, the study findings indicate some important website marketing strategies for Australian universities with negative international student enrolments.
Free volume investigation of imidazolium ionic liquids from positron lifetime spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yu, Yang
name: Bejan, Dana
name: Krause-Rehberg, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, relationships between the free volume and various fundamental physical properties (density, surface tension and transport properties) of ionic liquids were investigated. Two imidazolium ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluoro phosphate ([C4MIM][FAP]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[bis(pentafluoroethyl)phosphinyl]imide ([C4MIM][FPI]) were measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Changes of the ortho-positronium lifetime (o-Ps) with different states (amorphous and crystalline) were depicted as completely as possible. The mean local free (hole) volume was calculated from the o-Ps lifetime in amorphous state for the samples. Comparison between and specific volume obtained from the temperature dependent mass density gave the specific hole densities Nf and the occupied volumes Vocc. Thermal expansion of hole volume was compared with molecular volume VM of [C4MIM][FAP] and [C4MIM][FPI] as well as five other ionic liquids from our previous works, a monotonically increasing correlation between the two quantities was displayed. Hole volume of [C4MIM][FAP] sample from PALS experiment was compared with the result from surface tension according to Fürth hole theory, good agreement exhibited. The free volume obtained from this work was applied to Cohen-Turnbull fitting of viscosity for [C4MIM][FPI] sample. The influence of the free volume to transport properties was investigated by the comparison of /VM with the viscosity and conductivity for various ionic liquids. Correlation between the free volume and the molecular volume of ionic liquids were explained by a schematic free volume model.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
Contiguity and membership and the typology of collective nouns
Creators: name: Zwarts, Joost
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2020

description: In the semantics of human collective nouns there are two mechanisms at work, leading to distinct types of collectivity. The collectivity of ‘crowds’ is based on the contiguity of its elements, while the contiguity of ‘clubs’ is based on membership in a social institution. This proposal strengthens and unifies earlier proposals about the nature and typology of collective nouns; it accounts for a range of new and old observations about the variety of collective nouns and it connects to recent insights in the study of collective reference more generally.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 24 No 2 (2020): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 24
Exploring the relationship between Australian university websites and international student enrolments
Creators: name: Jayawardena, Nirma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Marketing communications
Marketing research methodology

description: The lack of interaction and relationship building capabilities of the low ranking university websites is considered as a major reason for the lower student enrolments (Klassen, 2002). The tertiary education institutes which target international students should enhance the international student recruitment process through improving the online customer service as most of the international students rely on the internet when selecting a study destination (Gomes & Murphy, 2003). The main aim of this research is to explore the relationship between Australian university websites and international student enrolments. Few studies have investigated this relationship and, as such, this research addresses some of the existing knowledge gaps. A mono-method qualitative methodology was adopted for this study. Primary data collection was through the website content of selected Australian universities. Six Australian universities were selected; three universities with positive international student enrolments and three universities with negative international student enrolments. The website content of the selected six universities was analysed using the dimensions of the ICTRT framework (Li & Wang, 2011) to evaluate website effectiveness. The study results were based on two analysis levels, an overall thematic analysis (level 1) and an ICTRT framework based analysis (level 2). The thematic analysis, based on the major themes and concepts, was conducted using Leximancer 4.5. Two major findings emerged. First, the websites of universities with positive international student enrolments tend to be more people focused whereas websites from universities with negative international student enrolments tend to be technology or system focused. Second, websites from universities with positive international student enrolments tend to be more visionary or forward focused whereas websites from universities with negative international student enrolments tend to be more backward focused. Additionally, the study findings indicate some important website marketing strategies for Australian universities with negative international student enrolments.
Екологічні аспекти машинобудівної галузі
Creators: name: Popov, Stanislav
name: Bilovod, Oleksandra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 401106
subject: Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling

description: Контроль урахування вимог екологічної безпеки повинен здійснюватися на усіх етапах життєвого циклу технологічної машини. Роботи повинні тривати за наступними напрямками: впровадження сучасних технологій, що дозволяють зменшити шкідливі викиди; поліпшення системи фільтрації стічних вод підприємства; переробка та утилізація шкідливих речовин підприємств; уведення систем моніторингу та контролю екології місцевості.
Thermal capacities and polytropic processes
Creators: name: Anacleto, Joaquim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herein, we analyse polytropic processes for an ideal gas within the wider concept of thermal capacity. To answer the question of whether the thermal capacity is a process, path, or state function, we argue that it should be tentatively set as a path function and if it remains constant along the path, the corresponding process is polytropic. Of all the paths, there are only two, at constant volume and constant pressure, for which the thermal capacities, Cv and Cp, are state functions, i.e., system properties. The discussions herein are valuable both scientifically and instructively because they shed light on issues in undergraduate curricula that are not addressed in sufficient detail in physics textbooks, not even in the most advanced ones.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure