cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing Light Stop Pairs at the LHC
Creators: name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
name: Yan, Qi-Shu
name: Yin, Peng-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the light stop pair signals at the LHC. We explore the SUSY parameter space with non-universal gaugino and third generation masses at the GUT scale. Recent LHC SUSY search results based on 35pb$^{-1}$ and 1fb$^{-1}$ of data are implemented to put the limits on stop pair events. The dark matter relic density and direct detection constraints are also taken into account. Detailed simulations on the signals and background for some benchmark points are performed, and it is found that the stop pair signals usually escape the LHC search if the present cut conditions are used. We also explore the potential and sensitivity of ILC to probe such scenarios. It is found that the ILC can detect them with an integrated luminosity of a few tens of fb$^{-1}$.
description: 35pages, 13figures
Vertical cavity surface emitting terahertz laser
Creators: name: Kavokin, A. V.
name: Shelykh, I. A.
name: Taylor, T.
name: Glazov, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vertical cavity surface emitting terahertz lasers can be realized in conventional semiconductor microcavities with embedded quantum wells in the strong coupling regime. The cavity is to be pumped optically at half the frequency of the 2p exciton state. Once a threshold population of 2p excitons is achieved, a stimulated terahertz transition populates the lower exciton-polariton branch, and the cavity starts emitting laser light both in the optical and terahertz ranges. The lasing threshold is sensitive to the statistics of photons of the pumping light.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
ปัจจัยและประสบการณ์ในการเตรียมความพร้อมเป็นผู้สูงอายุที่มีพฤฒพลัง จังหวัดพิษณุโลก
Creators: name: รัศมี  สุขนรินทร์
Publisher: name: สถาบันบำราศนราดูร
Year: 2564
Subjects: ผู้สูงอายุ
พฤฒพลัง
ระดับความมีพฤฒพลัง
การเตรียมความพร้อม

description: วารสารสถาบันบำราศนราดูร, 15, 2, 106-117
Plexin signalling and vascular development in the zebrafish, danio rerio
Creators: name: Christie, Tara Leah
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 160-171
description: Some pages are in colour
description: Proper development of the cardiovascular system is critical for the survival of an embryo and homeostasis in the adult. Zebrafish are an excellent model system for cardiovascular studies due in part to their externally fertilized, rapidly developing embryos. These studies utilized the out of bounds ( obd) genetic mutant, which shows defects in patterning of the angiogenic intersegmental vessels of the trunk. Previous mapping found that aberrant vascular patterning in the obd mutant is due to defects in the PlexinDl receptor. Further characterization of plexinDJ found it is expressed throughout the vasculogenic and angiogenic vessels of the zebrafish from ~10 somites (s) to 72 hours post fertilization (hpf), in the bulbous arteriosus by 72 hpf, and the forebrain between 30 and 43 hpf. PlexinDl may function in lymphatic development as angiography shows that obd mutants also lack a patent thoracic duct. Plexins and Neuropilins are receptors for Semaphorin ligands and are well known for their role in regulating the migration of axonal growth cones. However, nothing is known of the PlexinDl signalling pathway. As such, the focus of this thesis was to identify components of the PlexinD 1 signalling pathway in order to elucidate the role it plays in vascular migration. The axonal growth cone and migrating tip cell of endothelial cells are homologous structures and it was hypothesized that Plexins function in the same manner in both systems. An expression screen was first performed with 10 genes downstream from neuronal Plexins to determine if any had vascular expression. Most showed ubiquitous expression with increased levels of expression in the nervous system. Since no candidates were uniquely expressed in the vascular system, a pull-down assay with tagged versions of the intracellular region of PlexinD 1 and various pools of prey protein were used in an attempt to identify direct binding partners. Further analysis of two cytosolic tyrosine kinases identified in one pull­down assay, Zeta associated protein-70 (ZAP-70) and Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), resulted in the identification of a novel role for these genes in the sprouting of trunk intersegmental vessels through the vegfa pathway. Although components of the PlexinD 1 pathway were not identified, this research has laid the groundwork for future studies to further our knowledge of zebrafish angiogenesis.
Character expansion for HOMFLY polynomials. I. Integrability and difference equations
Creators: name: Mironov, A.
name: Morozov, A.
name: Morozov, An.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We suggest to associate with each knot the set of coefficients of its HOMFLY polynomial expansion into the Schur functions. For each braid representation of the knot these coefficients are defined unambiguously as certain combinations of the Racah symbols for the algebra SU_q. Then, the HOMFLY polynomials can be extended to the entire space of time-variables. The so extended HOMFLY polynomials are no longer knot invariants, they depend on the choice of the braid representation, but instead one can naturally discuss their explicit integrable properties. The generating functions of torus knot/link coefficients are turned to satisfy the Plucker relations and can be associated with tau-function of the KP hierarchy, while generic knots correspond to more involved systems. On the other hand, using the expansion into the Schur functions, one can immediately derive difference equations (A-polynomials) for knot polynomials which play a role of the string equation. This adds to the previously demonstrated use of these character decompositions for the study of beta-deformations from HOMFLY to superpolynomials.
description: 12 pages, Contribution to the Memorial Volume for Max Kreuzer
A Water and Sanitation Needs Assessment for Mekelle City, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Castro, Andrea
name: Maoulidi, Moumie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Managerial economics
Regional planning
Africans
Public health

description: This needs assessment identifies the main water and sanitation challenges in Mekelle and the investment levels required to meet Target 10 of United Nations Millenium Development Goals (MDG) 7. There is a need to improve water supply and sanitation, sewage treatment and hygiene education in Mekelle. The findings of this needs assessment indicate that in order to meet MDG targets related to water and sanitation, spending per capita needs to increase from about $10 in 2010 to $12 in 2015. MCI believes that this modest increase made over five years can dramatically improve Mekelle citizens' access to safe water and sanitation as well as the public health citywide and is well worth the incremental additional investment.
Symplectic connections and Fedosov's quantization on supermanifolds
Creators: name: Vallejo, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58A50, 53D55, 81S10

description: A (biased and incomplete) review of the status of the theory of symplectic connections on supermanifolds is presented. Also, some comments regarding Fedosov's technique of quantization are made.
description: Submitted to J. of Phys. Conf. Ser
Gender Needs Assessment for Louga City, Senegal
Creators: name: Shaw, Raphael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Managerial economics
Africans
Regional planning
Women's studies

description: This report presents the findings of a gender needs assessment for Louga, Senegal, the smallest city participating in the Millennium Cities Initiative. With an estimated 2009 population of 86,450, the city of Louga is growing rapidly. In the early 1970s, the region of Louga experienced a persistent drought that severely affected the agro-pastoral sector, the main source of regional revenues and the heart of Louga City's economy. Today, the city's economy consists mainly of local trade activities and a small scale industrial sector. Gender inequalities are pervasive in Louga City. Young girls' school enrollment rates decline steadily after the primary school level, illiteracy rates among women are much higher than among men and most women are self-employed, working as vendors in the local markets or as maids. The lack of formal sector employment opportunities for women is one reason why many women in Louga seem to live in perpetual poverty. Moreover, violence against women appears to be prevalent across the region, but it is difficult to estimate accurately its extent because of a longstanding culture of secrecy surrounding the problem. Based on these findings, MCI proposes here the following interventions anchored in the recommendations of the UN Millennium Project Task Force on Education and Gender Equality: Awareness campaigns on reproductive and sexual rights, property/inheritance rights and gender-based violence; Vocational training targeting women; Reinforcement of existing microcredit programs; Engagement of all members of the society, especially religious leaders, in the implementation of proposed interventions; Gender sensitivity trainings for judges, bureaucrats and police officers. The MDG-based costing model utilized by MCI indicates that with an annual per capita investment of less than $3 between 2010 and 2015, a number of interventions that have the potential to empower its women and reduce gender inequality can be implemented in city of Louga. As cross-cutting issues affecting all areas of community and economic life, gender equality and women's empowerment have been proven to contribute toward economic development and family health. Achieving MDG3 is critical to the realization of all other Goals. MCI's findings indicate that this modest public investment can help ensure social and economic progress in this regional capital and will galvanize Louga's efforts to achieve all of the Millennium Development Goals.
Data as first-class citizens in the Science of the 21st century
Creators: name: Masuzzo, Paola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The last science paradigm has marked the beginning of the e-Science, or Science 2.0: we are immersed in an enormous amount of data and are equipped with the computational resources and infrastructure needed to make sense of these data. However, the process of scholarly communication and especially the one of research evaluation need to still shift the focus from the traditional research outputs (aka, the paper) to data. In this talk, I will make the case that the 21st century academic production can no longer be PDF-centric, but needs to look at data as first-class citizens of science, recognizing that the publishing system, as well as the assessment criteria, need to move towards dataset publication, citation, evaluation.
The role of emotion on the willingness to pay to eliminate uncertainty
Creators: name: Goodlet, Collin
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 58-66
description: Emotions can influence everyday decisions, including economic ones. Recently, behavioural economics began incorporating the effect of emotions into mainstream economic theory. We are interested in furthering these developments by determining if people make diverging choices in risky situations under different emotional states. We randomly induced negative or positive affect in 102 participants. Participants were then presented with a choice of participating in one of two lotteries: one paying $8 with certainty and one paying $5 or $15, each with a probability of 0.5. Before choosing a lottery, participants were asked their willingness to pay to find out which payoff would occur in the second lottery. Participants in the negative affect condition had significantly lower willingness-to-pay for the information than in the positive affect condition and the control group, indicating that negative affect causes a shift in risk preferences. These results can potentially be generalized to individuals in a negative affective state, such as the poor, and may help to account for certain types of risky behaviours observed in these groups.
The dielectric and polarimetric microwave scattering properties of snow covered sea ice
Creators: name: Geldsetzer, Torsten
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 223-235
description: In this thesis I investigate the dielectric and polarimetric microwave scattering properties of snow-covered sea ice. I present the first measurements of the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss for brine-wetted snow on first-year sea ice. Using these measurements, I develop empirical and semi-physical models that relate brine volume fraction and brine saturation in the snow to the dielectric properties at MHz and GHz frequencies. To investigate the polarimetric scattering properties of snow-covered sea ice, I describe the field deployment and signal processing methods for a new surface-based C-band scatterometer. Using observations of in situ microwave scattering signatures, geophysical properties and associated dielectric properties of brine-wetted snow, I describe, model and theorize on the polarimetric microwave scattering properties of snow-covered sea ice. I extend this knowledge of dielectric and scattering properties to regional-scale multipolarized SAR investigations for enhancing the discrimination of sea ice types and open water.
Universal scaling of length, time, and energy for cuprate superconductors based on photoemission measurements of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
Creators: name: Rameau, J. D.
name: Pan, Z. -H.
name: Yang, H. -B.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Johnson, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic scaling relation linking the normal and superconducting states of the cuprates in the presence of a pseudogap is presented using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. This scaling relation, complementary to the bulk universal scaling relation embodied by Homes' law, explicitly connects the momentum-dependent amplitude of the d-wave superconducting order parameter at T\sim0 to quasiparticle scattering mechanisms operative at T\gtrsimTc. The form of the scaling is proposed to be a consequence of the marginal Fermi-liquid phenomenology and the inherently strong dissipation of the normal pseudogap state of the cuprates.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, PRB Rapid Communication
How faithfully do HIV clinicians administer the PHQ-9 depression screening tool in high-volume, low-resource clinics? Results from a depression treatment integration project in Malawi
Creators: name: Stockton, Melissa A.
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Kulisewa, Kazione
name: Mphonda, Steven M.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Gaynes, Bradley N.
name: Udedi, Michael
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Year: 2019

description:
BACKGROUND: Integration of mental health services into nonspecialist settings is expanding in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Among many factors required for success, such programs require reliable administration of mental health screening tools. While several tools have been validated in carefully conducted research studies, few studies have assessed how reliably nonspecialist clinicians administer these tools to low-literacy LMIC populations in routine care. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients accessing human immunodeficiency virus primary care in Malawi who completed Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 depression screening with their clinician then completed a second PHQ-9 with a trained research assistant (RA) blinded to the first result. RESULTS: Compared to clinicians, RAs identified more patients with any depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ⩾5: 38% v. 32%), moderate/severe symptoms (PHQ-9 ⩾ 10: 14% v. 6%), any suicidality (14% v. 4%), and active suicidality (3% v. 2%). Across these indicators, clinician and RA ratings had strong overall agreement (81-97%) but low corrected Kappa agreement (31-59%). Treating RA results as the reference standard of a carefully supervised research administration of the PHQ-9, clinician administration had high specificity (90-99%) but low sensitivity (23-68%) for these indicators. CONCLUSIONS: In routine care in LMICs, clinicians may administer validated mental health screening tools with varying quality. To ensure quality, integration programs must incorporate appropriate and ongoing training, support, supervision, and monitoring.
A Precomputed Polynomial Representation for Interactive BRDF Editing with Global Illumination
Creators: name: Ben-Artzi, Aner
name: Egan, Kevin
name: Durand, Fredo
name: Ramamoorthi, Ravi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: The ability to interactively edit BRDFs in their final placement within a computer graphics scene is vital to making informed choices for material properties. We significantly extend previous work on BRDF editing for static scenes (with fixed lighting and view), by developing a precomputed polynomial representation that enables interactive BRDF editing with global illumination. Unlike previous recomputation based rendering techniques, the image is not linear in the BRDF when considering interreflections. We introduce a framework for precomputing a multi-bounce tensor of polynomial coefficients, that encapsulates the nonlinear nature of the task. Significant reductions in complexity are achieved by leveraging the low-frequency nature of indirect light. We use a high-quality representation for the BRDFs at the first bounce from the eye, and lower-frequency (often diffuse) versions for further bounces. This approximation correctly captures the general global illumination in a scene, including color-bleeding, near-field object reflections, and even caustics. We adapt Monte Carlo path tracing for precomputing the tensor of coefficients for BRDF basis functions. At runtime, the high-dimensional tensors can be reduced to a simple dot product at each pixel for rendering. We present a number of examples of editing BRDFs in complex scenes, with interactive feedback rendered with global illumination.
Bamboo Bicycles in Kisumu, Kenya
Creators: name: Athanasiades, Katherine
name: Eames, Michelle
name: Hussein, Riham
name: Rhee, Young
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics
Finance

description: This study assesses the feasibility of initiating a bamboo bicycle production facility in the Millennium City of Kisumu, Kenya, drawing on a previous study analyzing a similar venture in Kumasi, Ghana, another of the Millennium Cities.
Transfer of spin squeezing and particle entanglement between atoms and photons in coupled cavities via two-photon exchange
Creators: name: Hardal, Ali Ü. C.
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine transfer of particle entanglement and spin squeezing between atomic and photonic subsystems in optical cavities coupled by two-photon exchange. Each cavity contains a single atom, interacting with cavity photons with a two-photon cascade transition. Particle entanglement is characterized by evaluating optimal spin squeezing inequalities, for the cases of initially separable and entangled two-photon states. It is found that particle entanglement is first generated among the photons in separate cavities and then transferred to the atoms. The underlying mechanism is recognized as an inter-cavity two-axis twisting spin squeezing interaction, induced by two-photon exchange, and its optimal combination with the intra-cavity atom-photon coupling. Relative effect of non-local two-photon exchange and local atom-photon interactions of cavity photons on the spin squeezing and entanglement transfer is pointed out.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Electronic Origin of High Temperature Superconductivity in Single-Layer FeSe Superconductor
Creators: name: Liu, Defa
name: Zhang, Wenhao
name: Mou, Daixiang
name: He, Junfeng
name: Ou, Yun-Bo
name: Wang, Qing-Yan
name: Li, Zhi
name: Wang, Lili
name: Zhao, Lin
name: He, Shaolong
name: Peng, Yingying
name: Liu, Xu
name: Chen, Chaoyu
name: Yu, Li
name: Liu, Guodong
name: Dong, Xiaoli
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Chen, Chuangtian
name: Xu, Zuyan
name: Hu, Jiangping
name: Chen, Xi
name: Ma, Xucun
name: Xue, Qikun
name: Zhou, X. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The latest discovery of high temperature superconductivity signature in single-layer FeSe is significant because it is possible to break the superconducting critical temperature ceiling (maximum Tc~55 K) that has been stagnant since the discovery of Fe-based superconductivity in 2008. It also blows the superconductivity community by surprise because such a high Tc is unexpected in FeSe system with the bulk FeSe exhibiting a Tc at only 8 K at ambient pressure which can be enhanced to 38 K under high pressure. The Tc is still unusually high even considering the newly-discovered intercalated FeSe system A_xFe_{2-y}Se_2 (A=K, Cs, Rb and Tl) with a Tc at 32 K at ambient pressure and possible Tc near 48 K under high pressure. Particularly interesting is that such a high temperature superconductivity occurs in a single-layer FeSe system that is considered as a key building block of the Fe-based superconductors. Understanding the origin of high temperature superconductivity in such a strictly two-dimensional FeSe system is crucial to understanding the superconductivity mechanism in Fe-based superconductors in particular, and providing key insights on how to achieve high temperature superconductivity in general. Here we report distinct electronic structure associated with the single-layer FeSe superconductor. Its Fermi surface topology is different from other Fe-based superconductors; it consists only of electron pockets near the zone corner without indication of any Fermi surface around the zone center. Our observation of large and nearly isotropic superconducting gap in this strictly two-dimensional system rules out existence of node in the superconducting gap. These results have provided an unambiguous case that such a unique electronic structure is favorable for realizing high temperature superconductivity.
Symmetry-projected variational approach for ground and excited states of the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Guzmán, R.
name: Schmid, K. W.
name: Jiménez-Hoyos, Carlos A.
name: Scuseria, Gustavo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a symmetry-projected configuration mixing scheme to describe ground and excited states, with well defined quantum numbers, of the two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearestneighbor hopping and periodic boundary conditions. Results for the half-filled 2{\times}4, 4{\times}4, and 6{\times}6 lattices, as well as doped 4 {\times} 4 systems, compare well with available results, both exact and from other state-of-the-art approximations. We report spectral functions and density of states obtained from a well-controlled ansatz for the (Ne {\pm} 1)-electron system. Symmetry projected methods have been widely used for the many-body nuclear physics problem but have received little attention in the solid state community. Given their relatively low (mean-field) computational cost and the high quality of results here reported, we believe that they deserve further scrutiny.
Japanese Corporate Strategy in Crisis
Creators: name: Ohmae, Kenichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Commerce
Public policy (Law)

description: "Through my past experiences with McKinsey and Co. as well as associations with a number of countries, particularly in the Asia Pacific, I have learned a great deal about the global economy and the efforts of other countries to become part of it. I have also had the opportunity to reflect on my own country Japan; due to a run of dumb luck over the past one and a half decades, the country became very prosperous-but neither Japanese companies nor the government were well prepared to face the issues of the time."
In the shadow of Chief Mountain and the Porcupine Hills: an analysis of prehistoric land use on the Piikani reserve #147, Alberta
Creators: name: Lobb, Wayne Murray
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 265-269
description: Some pages are in colour
description: An analysis of prehistoric land use was conducted using archaeological data from the Piikani Reserve# 147 in Southern Alberta using Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS 9.1) and statistical software (SPSS 15). Previous models of land use based on the archaeology of the Northern Plains and Landscape Archaeology were examined to identify criteria for use within this analysis. The criteria were transformed into quantifiable variables for use in a Discriminant Analysis. In addition, a pattern analysis was conducted to investigate the observed clustering of the archaeological data from the study area. Together, these two processes of investigation were used to qualify which land use criteria were significant and therefore important to prehistoric site selection. The goal of this thesis is not merely to examine and define appropriate land use criteria, but to explain the observed prehistoric land use found within the study area.
Investment, Production and Trade Networks as Drivers of East Asian Integration
Creators: name: Paprzycki, Ralph
name: Ito, Keiko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper shows that foreign direct investment (FDI), production and trade networks have been a principal driver of East Asian integration. A key element in this has been the role of production sharing, in which different stages of the production process are dispersed across countries in the region. The rise of such patterns of production has been facilitated by the unilateral liberalization of trade and investment by governments in the region to attract FDI. However, liberalization and the resulting pattern of regional integration have been heavily concentrated in a select number of industries (led by electrical machinery) and are largely confined to a particular form of supply-side integration (production sharing), and the region continues to depend on external demand.
The destiny of roots in Blackfoot and Lithuanian
Creators: name: Armoskaite, Solveiga
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Roots and their categorization constitute a fundamental aspect of knowledge about the structure of language. Essentially, the categorization of roots serves to classify linguistic information. In this dissertation I explore the categorization of roots in Blackfoot (Algonquian) and Lithuanian (Baltic), languages which are unrelated typologically or genetically. Relying on the interaction between roots and affixes, I develop language specific diagnostics necessary to establish the categorial affiliation of a given root. I show that all Blackfoot roots are uniquely associated with a particular category, i.e. they are categorized. Meanwhile, Lithuanian roots split into two types: some are categorized, and some are category-neutral. This variation in the categorization of roots requires an explanation. I propose that the categorial destiny of a root is determined by (i) a category intrinsic feature c (such as e.g., animacy, gender, transitivity, and degree); and (ii) the categorization structure hosting the feature c. There are two sources of variation: i) the origin of the feature c; and ii) the content of the feature c. Roots that are endowed with the feature c prior to syntax are of a unique category; roots that attain their feature c in syntax are category-neutral. In addition, the content of feature c may differ across languages. According to this proposal, the notion of category is not a primitive but a construct.
Income risk and the voluntary provision of public goods
Creators: name: Krzepkowski, Matt
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 32-39
description: This thesis investigates how charitable giving and voluntary contributions to public goods are affected by the presence of income risk. Previous empirical work has used micro data to measure income risk, finding evidence of a negative effect of risk on charitable giving. Rather than attempting to use a proxy to measure income risk, this thesis uses an experimental approach to control for income risk by including risk into individual endowments while conducting a public goods experiment. The results show that individuals do not base their decisions on the expected value of their endowment. Instead, individuals ignore the probabilities of potential outcomes, and focus on their maximum potential endowment when making their contribution decisions.
On the Uneven Evolution of Human Know-How
Creators: name: Nelson, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Social sciences--Research

description: Economists long have understood that the advance of technology, know-how being a more inclusive term, has been the central driving force behind the improvements in standards of living that have been achieved over the last two centuries. It has been less well recognized that the advance of know-how has been extremely uneven, dramatic in areas like communication and computation technologies and some areas of medicine, very limited in fields like housing construction and education. This essay is a preliminary investigation of the factors that might lie behind these differences. The search very quickly leads into exploration of why different fields of science have progressed so unevenly.
Looking for magnetic monopoles at LHC with diphoton events
Creators: name: Epele, Luis N.
name: Fanchiotti, Huner
name: Canal, Carlos A. García
name: Mitsou, Vasiliki A.
name: Vento, Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic monopoles have been a subject of interest since Dirac established the relation between the existence of monopoles and charge quantization. The intense experimental search carried thus far has not met with success. The Large Hadron Collider is reaching energies never achieved before allowing the search for exotic particles in the TeV mass range. In a continuing effort to discover these rare particles we propose here other ways to detect them. We study the observability of monopoles and monopolium, a monopole-antimonopole bound state, at the Large Hadron Collider in the $γγ$ channel for monopole masses in the range 500-1000 GeV. We conclude that LHC is an ideal machine to discover monopoles with masses below 1 TeV at present running energies and with 5 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity.
description: This manuscript contains information appeared in Looking for magnetic monopoles at LHC, arXiv:1104.0218 [hep-ph] and Monopolium detection at the LHC.,arXiv:1107.3684 [hep-ph] by the same authors, rewritten for joint publication in The European Physica Journal Plus. 26 pages, 22 figures
Comparing resident attitudes toward tourism: community-based cases from Arctic Canada
Creators: name: Stewart, Emma J.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 408-430
description: Some pages are in colour
description: This research examines attitudes toward local tourism development held by a sample of stakeholders and residents in three Arctic Canadian communities: Churchill, Northern Manitoba, Cambridge Bay and Pond Inlet, both in Nunavut. This research is premised on the idea that complex phenomena such as tourism are best understood through the lived experiences of individuals; therefore, the ambition of this research is to examine the complex notion of tourism through the lens of local people. This type of inquiry 1s important because tourism development needs to proceed at a pace and style that 1s acceptable to local people, particularly in destinations that are subject to unprecedented change, such as those communities in Arctic Canada. The two research questions ask: How do resident attitudes toward tourism vary across, and within, communities that are at different stages of tourism development in Arctic Canada? And, how can a comparative, community-based and inductive research approach contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between tourism and residents in Arctic Canada? A multi-method, multi­staged and community-based approach is developed utilizing three stages of research. A typology of attitude types is developed (identifying nine proto-typical fonns of resident attitudes along 'active participant-passive recipient', and 'favourable-unfavourable' continua) and reveals attitudes toward tourism, both within and between, the three case study communities, are not homogenous. In Churchill and Cambridge Bay, the most and least developed of the three communities, resident attitudes tended to gravitate toward the passive-favourable areas of the typology. By contrast, in Pond Inlet attitudes were more variable. Existing models were found to be unhelpful in explaining the variation between communities, and this research indicates that attitudes need to be understood in the context of four different types of reality: individual reality; tourism reality; non-tourism related internal; and external realities. The research illustrates the complexity of resident attitudes toward tourism, and how attitudes are dynamic, and conditioned through a set of constantly evolving and coalescing realities. The thesis moves the well-established field of resident attitude research, toward viewing resident attitudes as part of a system that is characterized by change, vulnerability and adaptation.
In situ chondrocyte mechanics and numerical modeling
Creators: name: Han, Sang-Kuy
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 157-167
description: Chondrocytes, the active cells in articular cartilage, are important in maintaining cartilage health and integrity by synthesizing the extracellular matrix. The mechanical environment of chondrocytes is thought to play a regulatory role in cell biosynthesis, and therefore is believed to be crucial for our understanding of cartilage adaptation and degeneration. Numerical modelling of chondrocytes and experimental tests on cartilage have been performed to elucidate the detailed transmission of load on articular cartilage to the cells. Much of the theoretical work has been based on the assumptions that articular cartilage is isotropic and homogeneous, which is known to be incorrect. In addition, most experimental studies have been performed on cartilage explants with the associated loss of tissue integrity and boundary conditions. Therefore, much of the current knowledge on chondrocyte mechanics is based on simplistic models and inappropriate tissue tests. The general aim of this study was to gain further insight into chondrocyte mechanics and its possible regulatory mechanisms for maintaining cartilage tissue. In order to accomplish this goal, we first developed an anisotropic and inhomogeneous articular cartilage model to study chondrocyte mechanics. The anisotropy and heterogeneity of cartilage was derived based on considerations of the micro-structural components of cartilage, particularly as they occur in the cell's vicinity. We found that for prescribed loading of the cartilage tissue, cells deform in a depth-dependent manner which is consistent with experimental studies. Specifically, we found that cell deformations are consistently smaller than tissue deformations because of the structural elements in the vicinity of the cell (the chondron), which appear to have a protective mechanical role that limits excessive cell strains. We then designed and developed a novel experimental loading system that allows for observation of cell deformations in the intact articular cartilage attached to its native bone. We systematically quantified chondrocyte deformations while applying controlled loads to healthy cartilage and cartilage from animals with early osteoarthritis. We found that chondrocyte deformations in the intact articular cartilage differed significantly from those described in explant tissues, and that early osteoarthritis changes cell deformations for given loading conditions in an unexpected way.
Electromagnetic counterparts of supermassive black hole binaries resolved by pulsar timing arrays
Creators: name: Tanaka, Takamitsu
name: Menou, Kristen
name: Haiman, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are expected to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from individual low-redshift (z<1.5) compact supermassive (M>10^9 Msun) black hole (SMBH) binaries with orbital periods of approx. 0.1 - 10 yrs. Identifying the electromagnetic (EM) counterparts of these sources would provide confirmation of putative direct detections of GWs, present a rare opportunity to study the environments of compact SMBH binaries, and could enable the use of these sources as standard sirens for cosmology. Here we consider the feasibility of such an EM identification. We show that because the host galaxies of resolved PTA sources are expected to be exceptionally massive and rare, it should be possible to find unique hosts of resolved sources out to redshift z=0.2. At higher redshifts, the PTA error boxes are larger, and may contain as many as 100 massive-galaxy interlopers. The number of candidates, however, remains tractable for follow-up searches in upcoming wide-field EM surveys. We develop a toy model to characterize the dynamics and the thermal emission from a geometrically thin, gaseous disc accreting onto a PTA-source SMBH binary. Our model predicts that at optical and infrared frequencies, the source should appear similar to a typical luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN). However, owing to the evacuation of the accretion flow by the binary's tidal torques, the source might have an unusually low soft X-ray luminosity and weak UV and broad optical emission lines, as compared to an AGN powered by a single SMBH with the same total mass. For sources near z=1, the decrement in the rest-frame UV should be observable as an extremely red optical color. These properties would make the PTA sources stand out among optically luminous AGN, and could allow their unique identification.
description: 17 pages with 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Restorative justice, intersectionality theory and domestic violence : epistemic problems in indigenous settings
Creators: name: De Freitas, Bruno Osmar Vergini
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis problematizes the use of feminist intersectionality theory within the context of the restorative justice social movement as applied in cases of violence against women in culturally heterogeneous settings. I argue that there is an imbalanced anti-essentialist tendency in some intersectional approaches to restorative justice (RJ) and domestic violence that slides toward gender underestimation, ultimately, leading to a phenomenon defined by feminist scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw: intersectional disempowerment. This position threatens the epistemological and critical stances of that feminist analytical tool for understanding racialized women’s needs for security, offender accountability and empowerment at an individual level in situations of domestic violence. In addition, the existence of competing analytical categories in intersectional analysis and multicultural drives obscure pre-existing patriarchal relations in Indigenous communities applying RJ as remedial justice, i.e., intra-group gender inequality and allows co-optation of the intersectionality theory by ethnocultural non-emancipatory political interests. This poses potential detrimental consequences to racialized women dealing with some RJ interventions like alienation, exclusion and the silencing of victims' individual histories, reinforcing the fact that the representation of the individual female victim within the RJ movement has not been adequately resolved and remains deeply problematic. To illustrate my arguments, I focus on sentencing circles that are used ostensibly as state-sanctioned alternative criminal justice responses designed to ameliorate the systemic racism and over-incarceration rates that Aboriginal peoples experience in postcolonial jurisdictions such as Canada and Australia. I argue that these restorative-like experience are especially vulnerable to intersectional disempowerment. In these RJ models, it becomes unclear whether intersectional approaches can sustain the particular needs and interests of victimized women.
A Research Lifecycle Approach using Islandora 8 Overview
Creators: name: Moses, Donald
name: Le Faive, Rosie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: national data services
subject: research data management
subject: canada
subject: digital research infrastructure
subject: https://dictionary.casrai.org/Research_data_management
subject: https://dictionary.casrai.org/Digital_infrastructure
subject: https://dictionary.casrai.org/Data_management
subject: https://dictionary.casrai.org/Repository

description: Presentation on Islandora 8. For the National Data Services Framework Summit 2019.
Combining Ontology Queries with Text Search in Service Discovery
Creators: name: Arabshian, Knarig
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science
Information science

description: We present a querying mechanism for service discovery which combines ontology queries with text search. The underlying service discovery architecture used is GloServ. GloServ uses the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to classify services in an ontology and map knowledge obtained by the ontology onto a hierarchical peer-to-peer network. Initially, an ontology-based first order predicate logic query is issued in order to route the query to the appropriate server and to obtain exact and related service data. Text search further enhances querying by allowing services to be described not only with ontology attributes, but with plain text so that users can query for them using key words. Currently, querying is limited to either simple attribute-value pair searches, ontology queries or text search. Combining ontology queries with text search enhances current service discovery mechanisms.
The Herschel view of massive star formation in G035.39--00.33: Dense and cold filament of W48 undergoing a mini-starburst
Creators: name: Luong, Q. Nguyen
name: Motte, F.
name: Hennemann, M.
name: Hill, T.
name: Rygl, K. L. J.
name: Schneider, N.
name: Bontemps, S.
name: Men'shchikov, A.
name: André, Ph.
name: Peretto, N.
name: Anderson, L. D.
name: Arzoumanian, D.
name: Deharveng, L.
name: Didelon, P.
name: Di Francesco, J.
name: Griffin, M. J.
name: Kirk, J. M.
name: Konyves, V.
name: Martin, P. G.
name: Maury, A.
name: Minier, V.
name: Molinari, S.
name: Pestalozzi, M.
name: Pezzuto, S.
name: Reid, M.
name: Roussel, H.
name: Sauvage, M.
name: Schuller, F.
name: Testi, L.
name: Ward-Thompson, D.
name: White, G. J.
name: Zavagno, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The filament IRDC G035.39--00.33 in the W48 molecular complex is one of the darkest infrared clouds observed by \textit{Spitzer}. It has been observed by the PACS (70 and 160\,$\micron$) and SPIRE (250, 350, and 500\,$\micron$) cameras of the \textit{Herschel} Space Observatory as part of the W48 molecular cloud complex in the framework of the HOBYS key programme. The observations reveal a sample of 28 compact sources (deconvolved FWHM sizes $$$20 \msun$. The cloud characteristics we derive from the analysis of their spectral energy distributions are masses of $20-50 \msun$, sizes of 0.1--0.2 pc, and average densities of $2-20 \times 10^{5} \cmc$, which make these massive dense cores excellent candidates to form intermediate- to high-mass stars. Most of the massive dense cores are located inside the G035.39--00.33 ridge and host IR-quiet high-mass protostars. The large number of protostars found in this filament suggests that we are witnessing a mini-burst of star formation with an efficiency of $\sim$15% and a rate density of $\sim$$40 \msun\,$yr$^{-1}\,$kpc$^{-2}$ within $\sim$8 pc$^2$, a large area covering the full ridge. Part of the extended SiO emission observed towards G035.39--00.33 is not associated with obvious protostars and may originate from low-velocity shocks within converging flows, as advocated by previous studies.
description: accepted to publish in A&A 16 Sep 2011,11 pages, 11 figures
Assessing Infrastructure Constraints on Business Activity in Kisumu, Kenya
Creators: name: Winiecki, Jacob
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics
Finance

description: The primary objective of this study is to better understand the current infrastructure constraints faced by commercial enterprises active in the Kisumu region and to identify key opportunities for investment in infrastructure that could enable existing and future businesses to operate at full capacity. Prior to this study, anecdotal evidence suggested that most businesses in Kisumu were operating below full capacity due to shortages of water, electricity, and fuels as well as the high costs of transporting raw materials and finished goods resulting from poor road infrastructure. Research conducted by MCI in Kisumu over the last year – through a literature review and interviews with government officials – has also identified infrastructure as a main constraint to business growth in the region. This study aims to understand how the current state of infrastructure impacts commercial activity in Kisumu from the perspective of the businesses themselves. Most importantly, this study was undertaken to understand the various coping mechanisms used by businesses to deal with infrastructure challenges and to solicit recommendations for infrastructure investment opportunities.
Innovation and technical development in the Japanese steel industry
Creators: name: Ohashi, Nobuo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics

description: The historical background of the steel industry in Japan and particularly its development since the Second World War is discussed with an emphasis on technology. Although this background includes the factors related to political, economic, labor, management and technical staff capabilities, the continuous effort to improve technology and the modernization of facilities have been the fundamental forces behind the development of the Japanese steel industry. The production technology and product features of steel sheet, especially for automotive applications, are presented here by way of practical example. An extensive application of computer engineering in both of business- and process-control systems is introduced as a typical background of recent modernization of total manufacturing technologies. The research and development activities which support the improvement of technology and future tasks are also discussed.