cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Access to Electricity in Rural India Tradeoffs and Interventions for Meaningful Electrification
Creators: name: Harish, Santosh Maddur
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: This thesis investigates the engineering economics of interventions to reduce consumer inconvenience due to unreliable electricity supply in rural India. The work introduces and applies a novel approach to estimate interruption costs as loss in consumer surplus due to restricted consumption of electricity services. Chapter 2 reports an assessment that compares grid extension with distributed generation (DG) alternatives, based on the subsidies they will necessitate, and costs of service interruptions that are appropriate in the rural Indian context. Despite the inclusion of interruption costs, standalone DG does not appear to be competitive with grid extension at distances of less than 17 km. However, backing up unreliable grid service with local DG plants is attractive when reliability is very poor, even in previously electrified villages. Introduction of energy efficient lighting changes these economics, and the threshold for acceptable grid unreliability significantly reduces. Chapter 3 analyzes supply rostering (alternatively, “load shedding”) in metropolitan, small town and rural feeders in and around Bangalore city. The inequity in load shedding is analyzed through transfers due to differential tariffs between the urban and rural residential consumers, and the relief provided to BESCOM, through avoided procurement of additional supply from generators, because rural and small town feeders are load shed higher than Bangalore city. The values of the load shedding transfers are estimated to be in the range of Rs. 120-380/consumer-year from the rural consumers, and Rs. 220- 370/consumer-year from the small town consumers. The metropolitan consumers are found to be net beneficiaries. The viability of using smart meters to provide current limited but uninterrupted supply is investigated as one alternative to outright blackouts. Chapter 4 develops a broader theoretical framework that can be used to model consumer demand for electricity services with unreliable supply and adaptation. Demand for energy ‘services’ is modeled by incorporating time of use, duration and deferability. Supply reliability is disaggregated into its constituent dimensions– mean and variance of supply availability in times of high demand, and supply predictability, and their respective impacts on consumer welfare are discussed. Primary data collected from Karnataka inform the discussion, especially with backup adoption. New consumer-oriented reliability indices are proposed.
Supernova Precursor Emission and the Origin of Pre-Explosion Stellar Mass-Loss
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Tatsuya
name: Metzger, Brian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A growing number of core collapse supernovae (SNe) which show evidence for interaction with dense circumstellar material (CSM) are accompanied by "precursor" optical emission rising weeks to months prior to the explosion. The precursor luminosities greatly exceed the Eddington limit of the progenitor star, implying they are accompanied by substantial mass-loss. Here, we present a semi-analytic model for SN precursor light curves which we apply to constrain the properties and mechanisms of the pre-explosion mass-loss. We explore two limiting mass-loss scenarios: (1) an "eruption" arising from shock break-out following impulsive energy deposition below the stellar surface; (2) a steady "wind" due to sustained heating of the progenitor envelope. The eruption model, which resembles a scaled-down version of Type IIP SNe, can explain the luminosities and timescales of well-sampled precursors, for ejecta masses $\sim 0.1-1\,M_{\odot}$ and velocities $\sim 100-1000\,\rm km\,s^{-1}$. By contrast, the steady-wind scenario cannot explain the highest precursor luminosities $\gtrsim10^{41}\,\rm erg\,s^{-1}$, under the constraint that the total ejecta mass not exceed the entire progenitor mass (though the less-luminous SN 2020tlf precursor can be explained by a mass-loss rate $\sim1\,M_{\odot}\,\rm yr^{-1}$). However, shock interaction between the wind and pre-existing (earlier ejected) CSM may boost its radiative efficiency and mitigate this constraint. In both eruption and wind scenarios the precursor ejecta forms compact ($\lesssim10^{15}$ cm) optically-thick CSM at the time of core collapse; though only directly observable via rapid post-explosion spectroscopy ($\lesssim$ few days before being overtaken by the SN ejecta), this material can boost the SN luminosity via shock interaction.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Spacetime singularities and curvature blow-ups
Creators: name: Rácz, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The singularity theorems of Penrose, Hawking, and Geroch predict the existence of incomplete inextendible causal geodesics in a wide range of physically adequate spacetimes modeling the gravitational collapse of stars and the expanding universe. Here, using results on spacetime extensions, it is shown that if a suitable low regular form of the strong cosmic censor hypothesis holds, then parallelly propagated blow-up of either the tidal force or frame-drag part of the curvature must occur in ``generic'' timelike geodesically incomplete maximal Cauchy developments.
description: 25 pages, no figure
Numerical relativity reaching into post-Newtonian territory: a compact-object binary simulation spanning 350 gravitational-wave cycles
Creators: name: Szilagyi, Bela
name: Blackman, Jonathan
name: Buonanno, Alessandra
name: Taracchini, Andrea
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
name: Scheel, Mark A.
name: Chu, Tony
name: Kidder, Lawrence E.
name: Pan, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first numerical-relativity simulation of a compact-object binary whose gravitational waveform is long enough to cover the entire frequency band of advanced gravitational-wave detectors, such as LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA, for mass ratio 7 and total mass as low as $45.5\,M_\odot$. We find that effective-one-body models, either uncalibrated or calibrated against substantially shorter numerical-relativity waveforms at smaller mass ratios, reproduce our new waveform remarkably well, with a negligible loss in detection rate due to modeling error. In contrast, post-Newtonian inspiral waveforms and existing calibrated phenomenological inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms display greater disagreement with our new simulation. The disagreement varies substantially depending on the specific post-Newtonian approximant used.
Single-particle and dipole excitations in Co 62
Creators: name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Chowdhury, P.
name: Alcorta, M.
name: Sensharma, N.
name: Gade, A.
name: McCutchan, E.A.
name: Chen, Q.B.
name: Baugher, T.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Rogers, A.M.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2022

description: An extensive study of the level structure of Co62 has been performed following a complex multinucleon transfer reaction, Mg26(Ca48, 2α3npγ)Co62, at beam energies of 275, 290, and 320 MeV. The combination of the Gammasphere array, the fragment mass analyzer, and a focal-plane ionization chamber was used to identify and delineate excited levels in Co62. A considerable extension to the Co62 level scheme is proposed with firm spin-parity values assigned on the basis of angular distribution and correlation analyses. Various level sequences built upon states of single-particle character have been observed, and an interpretation of these structures in the framework of the spherical shell model is presented. At moderate spins, two dipole bands have been observed and, based on their phenomenological study, a possible magnetic rotation character is suggested. However, theoretical calculations performed using the particle rotor model support magnetic rotation for only one of these dipole bands.
Battery Energy Storage for Maturing Markets: Performance, Cost, Perceptions, and Environmental Impacts
Creators: name: Ciez, Rebecca E.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: As the use of renewable energy technologies and electric vehicles continues to expand in our electricity generation and transportation sectors, demand for energy storage technologies will only grow. Meeting this increased demand will require both technology innovations, but also new ways of thinking about the costs of implementing these technologies. This dissertation examines electrochemical energy storage technologies at multiple phases of the product cycle to assess how to meet some of the challenges associated with widespread adoption of electrochemical energy storage. Using a process-based cost model to identify the factors that contribute most to battery manufacturing cost, I find that economies of scale cost reductions have largely already been achieved. However, changes in cell design parameters can help to lower the per kWh cost of lithium-ion cells. Looking at a use case for energy storage in a hybrid microgrid, I find that both battery chemistry characteristics and technology costs impact the overall performance of hybrid microgrids and the cost of delivering electricity. As more batteries are produced to meet growing demand, the greenhouse gas emissions associated with battery manufacturing and waste disposal will become increasingly important. Using an attributional life cycle analysis, I compare the emissions associated with two different recycling processes: pyrometallurgical recycling and direct cathode recycling. While pyrometallurgical recycling does not offer emissions reductions, direct cathode recycling does have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, even if the cathode recovery process has relatively low yield rates. Using these recovered cathode materials is contingent on a market that will accept these recycled materials. A survey of current electric vehicle owners shows that consumer preferences about battery materials differ depending on whether consumers purchased a plug-in hybrid or an all electric vehicle. Overall, plug-in hybrid vehicle owners seem to have a slightly negative perception of recycled battery materials. For electric vehicle owners that have an all-electric vehicle, there are more diverse preferences, with groups that have positive, negative, and indifferent preferences about the type of battery material used in their vehicle. The heterogeneous preferences of different electric vehicle owners could enable different trends in material recovery and reuse as the number of electric vehicles on the road, and the battery energy storage used for transportation, increase.
Optimal Locomotion for Limbless Crawlers
Creators: name: Santhosh, Sreejith
name: Serra, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Limbless crawling is ubiquitous in biology, from cells to organisms. We develop and analyze a model for the dynamics of one-dimensional elastic crawlers, subject to active stress and deformation-dependent friction with the substrate. We find that the optimal active stress distribution that maximizes the crawler's center of mass displacement given a fixed amount of energy input is a traveling wave. This theoretical optimum corresponds to peristalsis-like extension-contraction waves observed in biological organisms, possibly explaining the prevalence of peristalsis as a convergent gait across species. Our theory elucidates key observations in biological systems connecting the anchoring phase of a crawler to the retrograde and prograde distinction seen in peristaltic waves among various organisms. Using our optimal gait solution, we derive a scaling relation between the crawling speed and body mass, explaining experiments on earthworms with three orders of magnitude body mass variations. Our results offer insights and tools for optimal bioinspired crawling robots design with finite battery capacity.
A Spitzer Five-Band Analysis of the Jupiter-Sized Planet TrES-1
Creators: name: Cubillos, Patricio
name: Harrington, Joseph
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: Foster, Andrew S. D.
name: Lust, Nate B.
name: Hardy, Ryan A.
name: Bowman, M. Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With an equilibrium temperature of 1200 K, TrES-1 is one of the coolest hot Jupiters observed by {\Spitzer}. It was also the first planet discovered by any transit survey and one of the first exoplanets from which thermal emission was directly observed. We analyzed all {\Spitzer} eclipse and transit data for TrES-1 and obtained its eclipse depths and brightness temperatures in the 3.6 {\micron} (0.083 % {\pm} 0.024 %, 1270 {\pm} 110 K), 4.5 {\micron} (0.094 % {\pm} 0.024 %, 1126 {\pm} 90 K), 5.8 {\micron} (0.162 % {\pm} 0.042 %, 1205 {\pm} 130 K), 8.0 {\micron} (0.213 % {\pm} 0.042 %, 1190 {\pm} 130 K), and 16 {\micron} (0.33 % {\pm} 0.12 %, 1270 {\pm} 310 K) bands. The eclipse depths can be explained, within 1$σ$ errors, by a standard atmospheric model with solar abundance composition in chemical equilibrium, with or without a thermal inversion. The combined analysis of the transit, eclipse, and radial-velocity ephemerides gives an eccentricity $e = 0.033^{+0.015}_{-0.031}$, consistent with a circular orbit. Since TrES-1's eclipses have low signal-to-noise ratios, we implemented optimal photometry and differential-evolution Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms in our Photometry for Orbits, Eclipses, and Transits (POET) pipeline. Benefits include higher photometric precision and \sim10 times faster MCMC convergence, with better exploration of the phase space and no manual parameter tuning.
description: 17 pages, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 45 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 45: Table S6. Oligonucleotides used in this study.
The stellar metallicity gradients of Local Group dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Taibi, S.
name: Battaglia, G.
name: Leaman, R.
name: Brooks, A.
name: Riggs, C.
name: Munshi, F.
name: Revaz, Y.
name: Jablonka, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through a homogeneous analysis of spectroscopic literature data of red giant stars, we determine the radial metallicity profiles of 30 dwarf galaxies in the Local Group. We explore correlations between the calculated metallicity gradients and stellar mass, star formation history and environment, delivering the largest compilation to date of this type. The dwarf galaxies in our sample mostly show metallicity profiles decreasing with radius, with some exhibiting rather steep profiles. The derived metallicity gradients as a function of the half-light radius, $\nabla_{\rm [Fe/H]} (R/R_e)$, show no statistical differences when compared with the galaxies' morphological type, nor with their distance from the Milky Way or M31. No correlations are found with either stellar mass or star formation timescales. In particular, we do not find the linear relationship between $\nabla_{\rm [Fe/H]} (R/R_e)$ and the galaxies' median age $t_{50}$, as instead shown in the literature for a set of simulated systems. The presence of high angular momentum in some of our galaxies does not seem to have an impact on the gradient values. The strongest gradients in our sample are observed in systems that are likely to have experienced a past merger event. By excluding them, the analysed dwarf galaxies show mild gradients ($\sim -0.1$ dex $R_e^{-1}$) with little scatter between them, regardless of their stellar mass, dynamical state, and star formation history. These results are in good agreement with different sets of simulations presented in the literature and analysed using the same method as for the observed sample. The interplay between the multitude of factors that could drive the formation of metallicity gradients in dwarf galaxies likely combine in complex ways to produce in general comparable values.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables (additional 10 figures and 2 tables in the appendix). Accepted for publication in A&A
Noise-resistant quantum memory enabled by Hamiltonian engineering
Creators: name: Jing, Lei
name: Du, Peng
name: Tang, Hui
name: Zhang, Wenxian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear spins in quantum dots are promising candidates for fast and scalable quantum memory. By utilizing the hyperfine interaction between the central electron and its surrounding nuclei, quantum information can be transferred to the collective state of the nuclei and be stored for a long time. However, nuclear spin fluctuations in a partially polarized nuclear bath deteriorate the quantum memory fidelity. Here we introduce a noise-resistant protocol to realize fast and high-fidelity quantum memory through Hamiltonian engineering. With analytics and numerics, we show that high-fidelity quantum state transfer between the electron and the nuclear spins is achievable at relatively low nuclear polarizations, due to the strong suppression of nuclear spin noises. For a realistic quantum dot with $10^4$ nuclear spins, a fidelity surpassing 80% is possible at a polarization as low as 30%. Our approach reduces the demand for high nuclear polarization, making experimentally realizing quantum memory in quantum dots more feasible.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
νi13/2 structures in 155Sm and 159Gd: Supporting evidence of a Z=60 deformed subshell gap
Creators: name: Hartley, D.J.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Little, D.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Heery, J.
name: Savard, G.
name: Simpson, J.
name: Auranen, K.
name: Clark, J.A.
name: Boston, A.J.
name: Wilson, G.L.
name: Stolze, S.
name: Villafana, K.
name: Riley, M.A.
name: Li, J.
name: Greene, J.P.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Paul, E.S.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Baron, J.S.
name: Wu, J.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2022

description: Maximal ground-state deformation should occur when both proton and neutron Fermi surfaces are located at midshell. However, subshell gaps that stabilize large deformation can exist at proton or neutron values other than midshell. One such gap may occur at Z=60 in the rare-earth region, as the energy of the first 2+ states in even-even nuclei are often lowest in an isotonic chain for neodymium (Z=60) rather than the midshell isotopes of dysprosium (Z=66). Further evidence of this deformed gap has now been observed by investigating the signature splitting systematics of the νi13/2 bands found in the odd-N, rare-earth nuclei. These were aided by the present observation of the νi13/2 band in Gd159 and the confirmation of the same structure in Sm155 via the transfer of a neutron from a Gd160 beam to a Sm154 target.
Self-consistency in models of neutrino scattering and fast flavor conversion
Creators: name: Johns, Lucas
name: Nagakura, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several recent numerical studies have examined the effects of neutrino neutral-current scattering on fast flavor conversion (FFC). Those studies are in apparent conflict, with some finding enhancement of flavor conversion and others finding suppression. The ones that report enhancement all use homogeneous models, and we discuss in detail the self-consistency issues that they face as a result. We reproduce scattering-enhanced FFC in our own homogeneous calculations, showing that it occurs for both neutral- and charged-current scattering and that it is due to isotropization of the angular distributions over time. Because this is the very feature of the calculations that is not self-consistent, we conclude that the enhancement effect is of unclear astrophysical relevance and may not occur in natural environments.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
End-to-end simulations of a near-infrared pyramid sensor on Keck II
Creators: name: Plantet, Cédric
name: Agapito, Guido
name: Giordano, Christophe
name: Esposito, Simone
name: Wizinozich, Peter
name: Bond, Charlotte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The future upgrade of Keck II telescope's adaptive optics system will include a pyramid wavefront sensor working in the near-infrared (J and H band). It will benefit from the recently developed avalanche photodiode arrays, specifically the SAPHIRA (Selex) array, which provides a low noise ($<$ 1 e- at high frame rates). The system will either work with a natural guide star (NGS) in a single conjugated adaptive optics system, or in a laser guide star (LGS) mode. In this case, the pyramid would be used as a low-order sensor only. We report on a study of the pyramid sensor's performance via end-to-end simulations, applied to Keck's specific case. We present the expected Strehl ratio with optimized configurations in NGS mode, and the expected residual on low orders in LGS mode. In the latter case, we also compare the pyramid to LIFT, a focal-plane sensor, demonstrating the ability of LIFT to provide a gain of about 2 magnitudes for low-order sensing.
Adaptive Model Predictive Control with Generalized Orthonormal Basis Functions
Creators: name: Sanchez, Juan Eduardo Morinelly
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: An adaptive model predictive control (MPC) method using models derived from orthonormal basis functions is presented. The defining predictor dynamics are obtained from state-space realizations of finite truncations of generalized orthonormal basis functions (GOBF). A structured approach to define multivariable system models with customizable, open-loop stable linear dynamics is presented in Chapter 2. Properties of these model objects that are relevant to the adaptation component of the overall scheme, are also discussed. In Chapter 3, non-adaptive model predictive control policies are presented with the definition of extended state representations through filter operations that enable output feedback. An infinite horizon set-point tracking policy which always exists under the adopted modeling framework is presented. This policy and its associated cost are included as the terminal stage elements for a more general constrained case. The analysis of robust stability guarantees for the non-adaptive constrained formulation is presented, under the assumption of small prediction errors. In Chapter 4, adaptation is introduced and the certainty equivalence constrained MPC policy is formulated under the same framework of its non-adaptive counterpart. Information constraints that induce the excitation of the signals relevant to the adaptation process are formulated in Chapter 5. The constraint generation leverages the GOBF model structure by enforcing a sufficient richness condition directly on the state elements relevant to the control task. This is accomplished by the definition of a selection procedure that takes into account the characteristics of the most current parameter estimate distribution. Throughout the manuscript, illustrative simulation examples are provided with respect to minimal plant models. Concluding remarks and general descriptions for potential future work are outlined in Chapter 6.
The Lenard Recursion Relation and a Family of Singularly Perturbed Matrix Models
Creators: name: Atkin, Max R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We review some aspects of recent work concerning double scaling limits of singularly perturbed hermitian random matrix models and their connection to Painlevé equations. We present new results showing how a Painlevé III hierarchy recently proposed by the author can be connected to the Lenard recursion formula used to construct the Painlevé I and II hierarchies.
description: Based on a talk at "Random Matrix Theory: Foundations and Applications", Cracow, July 1-6 2014, 9 pages
Modeling snowline locations in protostars: The impact of the structure of protostellar cloud cores
Creators: name: Murillo, Nadia M.
name: Hsieh, Tien-Hao
name: Walsh, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abridged Context: Snowlines during star and disk formation are responsible for a range of effects during the evolution of protostars, such as setting the chemical composition of the envelope and disk. This in turn influences the formation of planets by changing the elemental compositions of solids and affecting the collisional properties and outcomes of dust grains. Snowlines can also reveal accretion bursts, providing insight into the formation process of stars. Methods: A numerical chemical network coupled with a grid of cylindrical-symmetric physical models was used to identify what physical parameters alter the CO and H$_2$O snowline locations. The investigated parameters are the initial molecular abundances, binding energies of CO and H$_2$O, heating source, cloud core density, outflow cavity opening angle, and disk geometry. Simulated molecular line emission maps were used to quantify the change in the snowline location with each parameter. Conclusions: The models presented in this work show that the CO and H$_2$O snowline locations do not occur at a single, well-defined temperature as is commonly assumed. Instead, the snowline position depends on luminosity, cloud core density, and whether a disk is present or not. Inclination and spatial resolution affect the observability and successful measurement of snowline locations. We note that N$_2$H$^+$ and HCO$^+$ emission serve as good observational tracers of CO and H$_2$O snowline locations. However, constraints on whether or not a disk is present, the observation of additional molecular tracers, and estimating envelope density will help in accurately determining the cause of the observed snowline position. Plots of the N$_2$H$^+$ and HCO$^+$ peak emission radius versus luminosity are provided to compare the models with observations of deeply embedded protostars aiming to measure the CO and H$_2$O snowline locations.
description: 29 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Decay of the key 92-keV resonance in the 25Mg(p,γ) reaction to the ground and isomeric states of the cosmic γ-ray emitter 26Al
Creators: name: Harker, J.L.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Chiara, C.J.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Kankainen, A.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Albers, M.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Lederer-Woods, C.
name: Doherty, D.T.
name: Woods, P.J.
name: Albers, H.M.
name: Strieder, F.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2021

description: The 92-keV resonance in the 25Mg(p,γ)26Al reaction plays a key role in the production of 26Al at astrophysical burning temperatures of ≈100 MK in the Mg-Al cycle. However, the state can decay to feed either the ground, 26gAl, or isomeric state, 26mAl. It is the ground state that is critical as the source of cosmic γ rays. It is therefore important to precisely determine the ground-state branching fraction f0 of this resonance. Here we report on the identification of four γ-ray transitions from the 92-keV resonance, and determine the spin of the state and its ground-state branching fraction f0=0.52(2)stat(6)syst. The f0 value is the most precise reported to date, and at the lower end of the range of previously adopted values, implying a lower production rate of 26gAl and its cosmic 1809-keV γ rays.
Additional file 46 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 46: Table S7. Plasmids used in this study.
Application of Forward Modeling to Materials Characterization
Creators: name: Saransh  Singh
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: The four pillars of material science and engineering namely structure, processing, properties and performance form the so-called material paradigm. At the heart of the material paradigm is materials characterization, which is used to measure and identify the relationships. Materials Characterization typically reconstructing the conditions giving rise to a measurement, a classic inverse problem. The solutions of these inverse problems are under or over determined and not unique. The solutions of these inverse problems can be greatly improved if accurate forward models exist for these characterization experiments. In this thesis, we will be focusing of developing forward models for electron diffraction modalities. Specifically, four different forward models for electron diffraction, namely the Electron Backscatter Diffraction, Electron Channeling Patterns, Precession Electron Diffraction and Transmission kikuchi Diffraction modalities are presented. Further, these forward models are applied to important materials characterization problems, including diffraction pattern indexing using the dictionary approach and forward model based orientation refinement. Finally, a novel pole figure inversion algorithm using the cubochoric representation and model based iterative reconstruction is also presented.
Kinetic Mixing, Dark Higgs Triplets, $M_W$ and All That
Creators: name: Rizzo, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinetic mixing (KM) portal is a popular mechanism which allows light dark matter (DM) in the mass range below $\sim 1$ GeV to achieve the observed relic density by thermal means and can be effectively described by only a few parameters, e.g., $ε$, the strength of this KM. In the simplest setup, the Standard Model (SM) $U(1)_Y$ hypercharge gauge boson and a $U(1)_D$ dark photon (DP), which only couples to fields in the dark sector, experience KM via loops of portal matter (PM) fields which have both SM and dark charges thus generating a small coupling between us and dark matter (DM). However, if one wishes to understand the underlying physics behind this idea in a deeper fashion we need to take a step upward to a more UV-complete picture. Meanwhile, CDFII has measured a value for the $W$-boson mass which lies significantly above SM expectations. In this paper we speculate that this shift in the $W$'s mass may be related to the $\sim 1$ GeV mass of the DP within a framework of scalar PM that leads to phenomenologically interesting values of $ε$ via non-abelian KM due to the existence of an $SU(2)_L$, $Y=0$, {\it complex} Higgs triplet which carries a non-zero value of the $U(1)_D$ dark charge. Possible gauge boson plus missing energy signatures of this scenario that can appear at the LHC and elsewhere are examined. Indeed, with modest assumptions, all of the new scalar PM states are predicted to have masses below roughly $\simeq 630$ GeV and so should be at least kinematically accessible. The HL-LHC will very likely to be able to explore all of this model's allowed parameter space.
description: 21 pages, 6 figs, text and refs added
Solving the Puzzles of the Decay of the Heaviest Known Proton-Emitting Nucleus Bi 185
Creators: name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Woods, P.J.
name: Jenkins, D.G.
name: Haylett, T.
name: Cubiss, J.G.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Huang, T.
name: Canete, L.
name: Li, J.
name: Reviol, W.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Back, B.B.
name: Stolze, S.
name: Bottoni, S.
name: Andreyev, A.N.
name: Müller-Gatermann, C.
name: Harker, J.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Savard, G.
name: Potterveld, D.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Lederer-Woods, C.
name: Doherty, D.T.
name: Auranen, K.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2021

description: Two long-standing puzzles in the decay of Bi185, the heaviest known proton-emitting nucleus are revisited. These are the nonobservation of the 9/2- state, which is the ground state of all heavier odd-A Bi isotopes, and the hindered nature of proton and α decays of its presumed 60-μs 1/2+ ground state. The Bi185 nucleus has now been studied with the Mo95(Nb93,3n) reaction in complementary experiments using the Fragment Mass Analyzer and Argonne Gas-Filled Analyzer at Argonne National Laboratory's ATLAS facility. The experiments have established the existence of two states in Bi185; the short-lived T1/2=2.8-1.0+2.3 μs, proton- and α-decaying ground state, and a 58(2)-μs γ-decaying isomer, the half-life of which was previously attributed to the ground state. The reassignment of the ground-state lifetime results in a proton-decay spectroscopic factor close to unity and represents the only known example of a ground-state proton decay to a daughter nucleus (Pb184) with a major shell closure. The data also demonstrate that the ordering of low- and high-spin states in Bi185 is reversed relative to the heavier odd-A Bi isotopes, with the intruder-based 1/2+ configuration becoming the ground, similar to the lightest At nuclides.
Anisotropic Minimum Dissipation Subgrid-Scale Model in Hybrid Aeroacoustic simulations of Human Phonation
Creators: name: Lasota, Martin
name: Šidlof, Petr
name: Maurerlehner, Paul
name: Kaltenbacher, Manfred
name: Schoder, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: This article deals with large-eddy simulations of 3D incompressible laryngeal flow followed by acoustic simulations of human phonation of five cardinal english vowels /u, i, \textipa{A}, o, æ/. The flow and aeroacoustic simulations were performed in OpenFOAM and in-house code openCFS, respectively. Given the large variety of scales in the flow and acoustics, the simulation is separated into two steps: (1) computing the flow in the larynx using the finite volume method on a fine 2.2M grid followed by (2) computing the sound sources separately and wave propagation to the radiation zone around the mouth using the finite element method on a coarse 33k acoustic grid. The numerical results showed that the anisotropic minimum dissipation model, which is not well known since it is not available in common CFD software, predicted stronger sound pressure levels at higher harmonics and especially at first two formants than the wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity model. We implemented the model as a new open library in OpenFOAM and deployed the model on turbulent flow in the larynx with positive impact on the quality of simulated vowels. Numerical simulations are in very good agreement with positions of formants from measurements.
description: 15 pages, 20 figures, 20 audio files in att
Generation and detection of pure valley current by electrically induced Berry curvature in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Shimazaki, Yuya
name: Yamamoto, Michihisa
name: Borzenets, Ivan V.
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Tarucha, Seigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Valley is a useful degree of freedom for non-dissipative electronics since valley current that can flow even in an insulating material does not accompany electronic current. We use dual-gated bilayer graphene in the Hall bar geometry to electrically control broken inversion symmetry or Berry curvature as well as the carrier density to generate and detect the pure valley current. We find a large nonlocal resistance and a cubic scaling between the nonlocal resistance and the local resistivity in the insulating regime at zero-magnetic field and 70 K as evidence of the pure valley current. The electrical control of the valley current in the limit of zero conductivity allows non-dissipative induction of valley current from electric field and thus provides a significant contribution to the advancement of non-dissipative electronics.
description: Main text: 17 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary text: 28 pages, 13 figures
Wilson loops in Large Symmetric Representations through a Double-Scaling Limit
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Gomez, D.
name: Russo, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact formulas for circular Wilson loops in the $\mathcal{N}=4$ and $\mathcal{N}=2^{* }$ theories with gauge groups $U(N)$ and $SU(N)$ in the $k$-fold symmetrized product representation. The formulas apply in the limit of large $k$ and small Yang-Mills coupling $g$, with fixed effective coupling $κ\equiv g^2k$, and for any finite $N$. In the $SU(2)$ and $U(2)$ cases, closed analytic formulas are obtained for any $k$, while the $1/k$ series expansions are asymptotic. In the $N\gg 1$ limit, with $N\ll k$, there is an overlapping regime where the formulas can be confronted with results from holography. Simple formulas for correlation functions between the $k$-symmetric Wilson loops and chiral primary operators are also given.
description: 25 pages, no figures
Sustained heating of the chromosphere and transition region over a sunspot light bridge
Creators: name: Louis, Rohan E.
name: Mathew, Shibu K.
name: Bayanna, A. Raja
name: Beck, Christian
name: Choudhary, Debi P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sunspot light bridges (LBs) exhibit a wide range of short-lived phenomena in the chromosphere and transition region. In contrast, we use here data from the Multi-Application Solar Telescope (MAST), the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), Hinode, the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) to analyze the sustained heating over days in an LB in a regular sunspot. Chromospheric temperatures were retrieved from the the MAST Ca II and IRIS Mg II lines by nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium inversions. Line widths, Doppler shifts, and intensities were derived from the IRIS lines using Gaussian fits. Coronal temperatures were estimated through the differential emission measure, while the coronal magnetic field was obtained from an extrapolation of the HMI vector field. At the photosphere, the LB exhibits a granular morphology with field strengths of about 400 G and no significant electric currents. The sunspot does not fragment, and the LB remains stable for several days. The chromospheric temperature, IRIS line intensities and widths, and AIA 171 Åand 211 Åintensities are all enhanced in the LB with temperatures from 8000 K to 2.5 MK. Photospheric plasma motions remain small, while the chromosphere and transition region indicate predominantly red-shifts of 5-20 km/s with occasional supersonic downflows exceeding 100 km/s. The excess thermal energy over the LB is about 3.2x10^26 erg and matches the radiative losses. It could be supplied by magnetic flux loss of the sunspot (7.5x10^27 erg), kinetic energy from the increase in the LB width (4x10^28 erg), or freefall of mass along the coronal loops (6.3x10^26 ,erg).
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; 24 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, Appendix with 3 figures
Gravitational constant in multiple field gravity
Creators: name: Abedi, Habib
name: Abbassi, Amir M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present study, we consider general form of the Lagrangian $ f(R, ϕ^{I}, X) $, that is a function of the Ricci scalar, multiple scalar fields and non-canonical kinetic terms. We obtain the effective Newton's constant deep inside the Hubble radius. We use Jordan and Einstein frames, and study the conservation of energy-momentum tensor.
description: 13 pages,no fig., JCAP style
Possible quenching of static neutron pairing near the N=98 deformed shell gap: Rotational structures in Gd 160,161
Creators: name: Greene, J.P.
name: Clark, J.A.
name: Li, J.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Hartley, D.J.
name: Savard, G.
name: Baron, J.S.
name: Heery, J.
name: Stolze, S.
name: Little, D.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Riley, M.A.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Villafana, K.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Wu, J.
name: Boston, A.J.
name: Jackson, P.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Wilson, G.L.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Paul, E.S.
name: Frauendorf, S.
name: Auranen, K.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Simpson, J.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2021

description: A Gd160 beam was accelerated to an energy of 1000 MeV and, separately, bombarded thick targets of Sm154 and Dy164 in order to observe neutron-rich, rare-earth nuclei via deep-inelastic collision processes. Gammasphere was utilized to observe ?-ray emissions. Many new states and transitions were observed in Gd160 as a result of so-called unsafe Coulomb excitation. The ground-state band in Gd160 has been extended to Ip=20+ and a rotational band based on the Kp=4+ state, previously associated with a hexadecapole vibration, was observed up to 18+. The quasiparticle configuration of the Kp=4+ band has been determined, and its unusual alignment behavior may result from a possible quenching of static neutron pairing. In addition, the band based on the [523]5/2 quasineutron orbital in Gd161 was extended from 11/2- to 33/2- and also displays the same unusual alignment behavior.
MPEC 2023-O110 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 July 29)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Theory of Radiation Pressure on a Diffractive Solar Sail
Creators: name: Swartzlander, Grover A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar sails propelled by radiation pressure enable space missions that cannot be achieved using chemical rockets alone. Significant in-space propulsion for missions such as a solar polar orbiter may be achieved with a sail that deviates sunlight at a large average angular direction. The momentum transfer efficiency of sunlight diffracted from a sun-facing diffractive sail comprised of periodic sawtooth prism elements is examined here. The spectrally averaged efficiency is found to approach that of a monolithic prism when the grating period is much longer than the peak of the solar spectrum. This idealized diffraction analysis predicts a greater transverse radiation pressure force compared to an idealized reflective sail. With modern optical design and fabrication techniques, diffractive solar sails may one day replace reflective sails.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 20 equations, 41 references, to be submitted to an Optica journal
Ground-state and decay properties of neutron-rich Nb 106
Creators: name: Lane, G.J.
name: Orford, R.
name: Chowdhury, P.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Allmond, J.M.
name: Bottoni, S.
name: Patel, U.
name: Zhong, Y.Y.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Mitchell, A.J.
name: Savard, G.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Clark, J.A.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Lister, C.J.
name: Smith, M.L.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Copp, P.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Gorelov, D.A.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2021

description: The ground-state properties of neutron-rich Nb106 and its β decay into Mo106 have been studied using the CARIBU radioactive-ion-beam facility at Argonne National Laboratory. Niobium-106 ions were extracted from a Cf252 fission source and mass separated before being delivered as low-energy beams to the Canadian Penning Trap, as well as the X-Array and SATURN β-decay-spectroscopy station. The measured Nb106 ground-state mass excess of -66202.0(13) keV is consistent with a recent measurement but has three times better precision; this work also rules out the existence of a second long-lived, β-decaying state in Nb106 above 5 keV in excitation energy. The decay half-life of Nb106 was measured to be 1.097(21) s, which is 8% longer than the adopted value. The level scheme of the decay progeny, Mo106, has been expanded up to ≈4MeV. The distribution of decay strength and considerable population of excited states in Mo106 of J≥3 emphasizes the need to revise the adopted Jπ=1- ground-state spin-parity assignment of Nb106; it is more likely to be J≥3.
Dynamical Triplet Unravelling: A quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for reversible dynamics
Creators: name: Chessex, Romain
name: Borrelli, Massimo
name: Öttinger, Hans Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a quantum Monte Carlo method to simulate the reversible dynamics of correlated many-body systems. Our method is based on the Laplace transform of the time-evolution operator which, as opposed to most quantum Monte Carlo methods, makes it possible to access the dynamics at longer times. The Monte Carlo trajectories are realised through a piece-wise stochastic-deterministic reversible evolution where free dynamics is interspersed with two-process quantum jumps. The dynamical sign problem is bypassed via the so-called deadweight approximation, which stabilizes the many-body phases at longer times. We benchmark our method by simulating spin excitation propagation in the XXZ model and dynamical confinement in the quantum Ising chain, and show how to extract dynamical information from the Laplace representation.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures