cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Allosteric Switching Mechanism in Bacteriophage MS2
Creators: name: Perkett, Matthew R.
name: Mirijanian, Dina T.
name: Hagan, Michael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this article we use all-atom simulations to elucidate the mechanisms underlying conformational switching and allostery within the coat protein of the bacteriophage MS2. Assembly of most icosahedral virus capsids requires that the capsid protein adopt different conformations at precise locations within the capsid. It has been shown that a 19 nucleotide stem loop (TR) from the MS2 genome acts as an allosteric effector, guiding conformational switching of the coat protein during capsid assembly. Since the principal conformational changes occur far from the TR binding site, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism underlying this allosteric communication. To this end, we use all-atom simulations with explicit water combined with a path sampling technique to sample the MS2 coat protein conformational transition, in the presence and absence of TR-binding. The calculations find that TR binding strongly alters the transition free energy profile, leading to a switch in the favored conformation. We discuss changes in molecular interactions responsible for this shift. We then identify networks of amino acids with correlated motions to reveal the mechanism by which effects of TR binding span the protein. The analysis predicts amino acids whose substitution by mutagenesis could alter populations of the conformational substates or their transition rates.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Large Language Models as Batteries-Included Zero-Shot ESCO Skills Matchers
Creators: name: Clavié, Benjamin
name: Soulié, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding labour market dynamics requires accurately identifying the skills required for and possessed by the workforce. Automation techniques are increasingly being developed to support this effort. However, automatically extracting skills from job postings is challenging due to the vast number of existing skills. The ESCO (European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations) framework provides a useful reference, listing over 13,000 individual skills. However, skills extraction remains difficult and accurately matching job posts to the ESCO taxonomy is an open problem. In this work, we propose an end-to-end zero-shot system for skills extraction from job descriptions based on large language models (LLMs). We generate synthetic training data for the entirety of ESCO skills and train a classifier to extract skill mentions from job posts. We also employ a similarity retriever to generate skill candidates which are then re-ranked using a second LLM. Using synthetic data achieves an RP@10 score 10 points higher than previous distant supervision approaches. Adding GPT-4 re-ranking improves RP@10 by over 22 points over previous methods. We also show that Framing the task as mock programming when prompting the LLM can lead to better performance than natural language prompts, especially with weaker LLMs. We demonstrate the potential of integrating large language models at both ends of skills matching pipelines. Our approach requires no human annotations and achieve extremely promising results on skills extraction against ESCO.
Evaluation of modelling approaches for predicting the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stocks at the national scale
Creators: name: Martin, M. P.
name: Orton, T. G.
name: Lacarce, E.
name: Meersmans, J.
name: Saby, N. P. A.
name: Paroissien, J. B.
name: Jolivet, C.
name: Boulonne, L.
name: Arrouays, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a major role in the global carbon budget. It can act as a source or a sink of atmospheric carbon, thereby possibly influencing the course of climate change. Improving the tools that model the spatial distributions of SOC stocks at national scales is a priority, both for monitoring changes in SOC and as an input for global carbon cycles studies. In this paper, we compare and evaluate two recent and promising modelling approaches. First, we considered several increasingly complex boosted regression trees (BRT), a convenient and efficient multiple regression model from the statistical learning field. Further, we considered a robust geostatistical approach coupled to the BRT models. Testing the different approaches was performed on the dataset from the French Soil Monitoring Network, with a consistent cross-validation procedure. We showed that when a limited number of predictors were included in the BRT model, the standalone BRT predictions were significantly improved by robust geostatistical modelling of the residuals. However, when data for several SOC drivers were included, the standalone BRT model predictions were not significantly improved by geostatistical modelling. Therefore, in this latter situation, the BRT predictions might be considered adequate without the need for geostatistical modelling, provided that i) care is exercised in model fitting and validating, and ii) the dataset does not allow for modelling of local spatial autocorrelations, as is the case for many national systematic sampling schemes.
Quantifying 35 transcripts in a single tube : model-based calibration of the GeXP multiplex RT-PCR assay
Creators: name: Marquardt, Pauline
name: Werthmann, Britta
name: Rätzel, Viktoria
name: Haas, Markus
name: Marwan, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiplex RT-PCR
subject: DNA fragment analysis
subject: Capillary electrophoresis
subject: Cell differentiation
subject: Marker genes
subject: Physarum polycephalum
subject: 570

description: Background: Quantitative analysis of differential gene expression is of central importance in molecular life sciences. The Gene eXpression Profiling technology (GeXP) relies on multiplex RT-PCR and subsequent capillary electrophoretic separation of the amplification products and allows to quantify the transcripts of at least 35 genes with a single reaction and one dye. Results: We provide a kinetic model of primer binding and PCR product formation as the rational basis for taking and evaluating calibration curves. The calibration procedure and the model predictions were validated with the help of a purposefully designed data processing workflow supported by easy-to-use Perl scripts for calibration, data evaluation, and quality control. We further demonstrate the robustness and linearity of quantification of individual transcripts at variable relative abundance of other co-amplified transcripts in a complex mixture of RNAs isolated from differentiating Physarum polycephalum plasmodial cells. Conclusions: We conclude that GeXP analysis is a robust, sensitive, and useful method when the transcripts of tens to few hundred genes are to be precisely quantified in a high number of samples.
Swim pressure on walls with curves and corners
Creators: name: Smallenburg, Frank
name: Löwen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of swim pressure quantifies the average force exerted by microswimmers on confining walls in non-equilibrium. Here we explore how the swim pressure depends on the wall curvature and on the presence of sharp corners in the wall. For active Brownian particles at high dilution, we present a coherent framework which describes the force and torque on passive particles of arbitrary shape, in the limit of large particles compared to the persistence length of the swimmer trajectories. The resulting forces can be used to derive, for example, the activity-induced depletion interaction between two disks, as well as to optimize the shape of a tracer particle for high swimming velocity. Our predictions are verifiable in experiments on passive obstacles exposed to a bath of bacteria or artificial microswimmers.
Mass degeneracy of the heavy-light mesons with chiral partner structure in the half-skyrmion phase
Creators: name: Suenaga, Daiki
name: He, Bing-Ran
name: Ma, Yong-Liang
name: Harada, Masayasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the mass splitting of the heavy-light mesons with chiral partner structure in nuclear matter. In our calculation, we employed the heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory with chiral partner structure and the nuclear matter is constructed by putting skyrmions from the standard Skyrme model onto the face-centered cubic crystal and regarding the skyrmion matter as nuclear matter. We find that, although the masses of the heavy-light mesons with chiral partner structure are splitted in the matter-free space and skyrmion phase, they are degenerated in the half-skyrmion phase in which the chiral symmetry is restored globally. This observation suggests that the magnitude of the mass splitting of the heavy-light mesons with chiral partner structure can be used as a probe of the phase structure of the nuclear matter.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Towards a full ab initio theory of strong electronic correlations in nanoscale devices
Creators: name: Jacob, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper I give a detailed account of an ab initio methodology for describing strong electronic correlations in nanoscale devices hosting transition metal atoms with open $d$- or $f$-shells. The method combines Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory for treating the weakly interacting electrons on a static mean-field level with non-perturbative many-body methods for the strongly interacting electrons in the open $d$- and $f$-shells. An effective description of the strongly interacting electrons in terms of a multi-orbital Anderson impurity model is obtained by projection onto the strongly correlated subspace properly taking into account the non-orthogonality of the atomic basis set. A special focus lies on the ab initio calculation of the effective screened interaction matrix U for the Anderson model. Solution of the effective Anderson model with the One-Crossing approximation or other impurity solver techniques yields the dynamic correlations within the strongly correlated subspace giving rise e.g. to the Kondo effect. As an example the method is applied to the case of a Co adatom on the Cu(001) surface. The calculated low-bias tunnel spectra show Fano-Kondo lineshapes similar to those measured in experiments. The exact shape of the Fano-Kondo feature as well as its width depend quite strongly on the filling of the Co $3d$-shell. Although this somewhat hampers accurate quantitative predictions regarding lineshapes and Kondo temperatures, the overall physical situation can be predicted quite reliably.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures
Multiferroicity and skyrmions carrying electric polarization in GaV4S8
Creators: name: Ruff, E.
name: Widmann, S.
name: Lunkenheimer, P.
name: Tsurkan, V.
name: Bordács, S.
name: Kézsmárki, I.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Skyrmions are whirl like topological spin objects with high potential for future magnetic data storage. It is a fundamental question, relevant for both basic research and application, if a ferroelectric (FE) polarization can be associated with their magnetic texture and if these objects can be manipulated by electric fields. Here, we study the interplay between magnetism and electric polarization in the lacunar spinel GaV4S8, which undergoes a structural transition associated with orbital ordering at 44 K and reveals a complex magnetic phase diagram below 13 K, including a ferromagnetic (FM), cycloidal, and Néel-type skyrmion lattice (SkL) phase. We found that the orbitally ordered phase of GaV4S8 is FE with a sizable polarization of ~1 μC/cm2. Moreover, we observed spin-driven excess polarizations in all magnetic phases and, hence, GaV4S8 hosts three different multiferroic phases with coexisting polar and magnetic order. These include the SkL phase where we predict a strong spatial modulation of the FE polarization close to the skyrmion cores. By taking into account the crystal symmetry and spin patterns of the magnetically ordered phases, we identify the exchange striction as the main microscopic mechanism behind the spin-driven FE polarization in each multiferroic phase. Since GaV4S8 is unique among the known SkL host materials due to its polar crystal structure and the observed strong magnetoelectric effect, this study is an important step towards the non-dissipative electric-field control of skyrmions.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures + 2 pages, 4 figures in Supplementary Materials. Revised version as accepted for publication in Science Advances
Fiber-Base Duality and Global Symmetry Enhancement
Creators: name: Mitev, Vladimir
name: Pomoni, Elli
name: Taki, Masato
name: Yagi, Futoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the 5D Nekrasov partition functions enjoy the enhanced global symmetry of the UV fixed point. The fiber-base duality is responsible for the global symmetry enhancement. For $SU(2)$ with $N_f\leq 7$ flavors the fiber-base symmetry together with the manifest flavor $SO(2N_f)$ symmetry generate the $E_{N_f+1}$ global symmetry, while in the higher rank case the manifest global symmetry of the two dual theories related by the fiber-base duality map generate the symmetry enhancement. The symmetry enhancement at the level of the partition function is manifest once we chose an appropriate reparametrization for the Coulomb moduli.
description: 61 pages, 22 figures
Equation Generator for Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster Assisted by Computer Algebra System
Creators: name: Quintero-Monsebaiz, Raúl
name: Loos, Pierre-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an equation generator algorithm that utilizes second-quantized operators in normal order with respect to a correlated or non-correlated reference and the corresponding Wick theorem. The algorithm proposed here, written with \textsc{mathematica}, enables the generation of non-redundant strings of second-quantized operators that, after classification, are directly assigned to intermediate quantities used to construct the coupled-cluster (CC) effective Hamiltonian. We demonstrate the capabilities of the algorithm by computing the CC amplitude equations and various blocks of the equation-of-motion CC effective Hamiltonian. A comprehensive description of this four-step algorithm is provided alongside concrete examples.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
LA CRIOCONSERVAZIONE DEL MATERIALE SEMINALE NELLA SPECIE GALLUS GALLUS
Creators: name: CASSINELLI, CHIARA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2012

description: In the last 50 years, great changes occurred in Italy in poultry production. Local breeds were abandoned and high performing genetic hybrids spread by few industries. The globalization of poultry trade led to a worldwide loss of avian genetic resources . The indigenous breeds survived by fancy breeders, and conservation programs are required to preserve them. One of the most important step in a conservation program is to create a cryobank of genetic resources. For avian species, the most feasible way to preserve gametes is cryopreservation of semen. Researches in this field started in the late Fifties and were soon abandoned because of the bad quality of semen after freezing/thawing procedure. In 1995, Tselutin published a protocol to freeze avian semen, obtaining the same fertility rate than fresh semen. This procedure, consisting in few simple steps, was based on the initial dilution of semen and a first equilibration time at 5�C, addition of DMA as cryoprotectant and a very fast second equilibration time, then dropping semen directly in a liquid nitrogen bath to form frozen semen pellets, finally thawing at high temperature for few seconds. On the basis of Tselutin?s procedure, the aim of this thesis was to set the best conditions to cryopreserve semen of the Italian endangered local breed Mericanel della Brianza, and of the commercial Hubbard meat type strain. The four experiments described in this work focused on the study of the most performing conditions of the cryopreservation procedure for semen from the two genetic lines chosen. Semen quality of MdB and Hubbard roosters was studied soon after collection and after freezing/thawing in experiment 1 and 2. Semen quality was tested in cryopreserved semen through the evaluation of viability, motility, mitochondria status and DNA fragmentation. In vivo fertility of cryopreserved semen from Hubbard males was evaluated through heterologous in protocol 2. The sensitivity to cryopreservation of semen according to the initial quality was studied in protocol 4; viability and motility were considered to assess sperm quality.
title: Управление природопользованием
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Новосибирский государственный университет экономики и управления «НИНХ»
Year: 2022

description: В учебном пособии рассмотрены теоретические основы и практические аспекты управления природопользованием: обобщены подходы к формированию системы управления природопользованием, проанализированы компоненты природно-ресурсного потенциала как базиса природопользования; выделены и подробно рассмотрены правовые, информационные, административные и экономические методы управления природопользованием; изложены особенности государственного регулирования природопользования в ресурсном аспекте. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов старших курсов вузов всех форм обучения по направлению подготовки 05.03.06 «Экология и природопользование».
Additional file 1: of Relationships between lumbar inter-vertebral motion and lordosis in healthy adult males: a cross sectional cohort study
Creators: name: Rose, Alister Du
name: Breen, Alan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: STROBE Statementâ  checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies (DOCX 40Â kb)
Towards Automated Cyber Range Design: Characterizing and Matching Demands to Supplies
Creators: name: Ear, Ekzhin
name: Remy, Jose L. C.
name: Xu, Shouhuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cyber ranges mimic real-world cyber environments and are in high demand. Before building their own cyber ranges, organizations need to deeply understand what construction supplies are available to them. A fundamental supply is the cyber range architecture, which prompts an important research question: Which cyber range architecture is most appropriate for an organization's requirements? To answer this question, we propose an innovative framework to specify cyber range requirements, characterize cyber range architectures (based on our analysis of 45 cyber range architectures), and match cyber range architectures to cyber range requirements.
description: Accepted for publication: IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience 2023 (IEEE CSR)
NOTCH PRODUCES A DEREGULATION OF CXCR4/SDF-1A CHEMOKINE SIGNALING IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA CELLS
Creators: name: APICELLA, LUANA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2013

description: Notch deregulation occurs in several solid and hematopoietic tumors. Recently, Notch receptor oncogenic role has been shown to be critical in multiple myeloma (MM) which frequently displays over-expression of the Notch ligand, Jagged2. MM is a malignant disorder in which the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role: in this contest, Ig-secreting plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow where they interacts with stroma and BM cells. The cross-talk between MM cells and BM milieu activates signaling such as chemokines and their receptors (CRs) pathways that mediate growth, survival and migration of MM cells, cell-adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) and finally bone lesions trough hyper-stimulation of osteoclasts (OCLs) activity. In our study we took advantage of a panel of MM and bone marrow stromal (BMSC) cell lines and investigated the effects of the Notch signaling withdrawal on MM cell and several chemokine systems. Inhibition of Notch activity, obtained by treatment with gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) or Jagged 1 and 2 knock-down indicated that Notch down-regulation hampers MM cell growth, arresting cell cycle progression and inducing increase of apoptosis. Moreover the effects of Notch inhibition on the expression of a number of CRs and correspondent ligands which display a relevant role in MM were investigated: mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1 were under Notch control. Functional consequences of Notch inhibition were analyzed: GSI XII inhibits SDF1-dependent chemotaxis and proliferation of MM cells. Afterwards, the role of Notch in the MM cells relationship with the BM microenvironment was investigated trough co-culture assays. Our results show that Notch is able to control the cross-talk between MM and BMSCs trough the modulation of SDF-1 and other soluble factors produced by stroma, initiating in this way, a surviving loop. Thus, Notch pathway is able to modulate the MM cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration by directly deregulating the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis activity and the cross-talk between MM cells and BMSCs.
Bounds for randomly shared risk of heavy-tailed loss factors
Creators: name: Kley, Oliver
name: Kluppelberg, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 90B15, 91B30, 60E05, 60G70

description: For a risk vector $V$, whose components are shared among agents by some random mechanism, we obtain asymptotic lower and upper bounds for the individual agents' exposure risk and the aggregated risk in the market. Risk is measured by Value-at-Risk or Conditional Tail Expectation. We assume Pareto tails for the components of $V$ and arbitrary dependence structure in a multivariate regular variation setting. Upper and lower bounds are given by asymptotically independent and fully dependent components of $V$ with respect to the tail index $α$ being smaller or larger than 1. Counterexamples, where for non-linear aggregation functions no bounds are available, complete the picture.
Exploring nonstandard quark interactions through solar neutrino studies
Creators: name: Lopes, Ilídio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of a Non-Standard Interaction (NSI) extension of the standard model of particle physics on solar neutrino flavour oscillations. This NSI model introduces a $U_{Z^\prime}(1)$ gauge symmetry through a $Z^\prime$ boson that mixes with the photon, creating a neutral current between active neutrinos and matter fields via a unique coupling to up and down quarks. The interaction is defined by a single parameter, $ζ_o$, which is related to the $Z^\prime$ boson's mass $m_{Z^\prime}$ and coupling constant $g_{Z^\prime}$. Notably, this model relaxes the bounds on Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering experiments and fits the experimental values of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the muon. In this study, we use solar neutrino measurements and an up-to-date standard solar model to evaluate the neutrino flavour oscillations and assess the constraints on $ζ_o$. Our study indicates that the NSI model aligns with the current solar neutrino data when $ζ_o$ is between $-0.7$ and $0.002$. These models have $χ^2_ν$ values equal to or better than the standard neutrino flavor oscillation model, which stands at a $χ^2_ν$ of 3.12. The best NSI model comes with a $ζ_o$ value of -0.2 and a $χ^2_ν$ of 2.96. Including extra data from the Darwin experiment in our analysis refines the range of $ζ_o$ values from $-0.7$ to $0.002$, down to $-0.5$ to $-0.002$. These results hint at the possible existence of novel interactions, given that NSI models achieve a comparable or superior fit to the solar neutrino data when contrasted with the prevailing standard model of neutrino flavour oscillation.
description: 9 pages and 5 figures
3D GENOMIC ORGANIZATION OF MOUSE MACROPHAGES
Creators: name: MASELLA, SILVIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015

description: The spatial organization of the genome and its biological function are intimately linked. It is becoming evident that transcription regulation often involves multiple long-range regulatory elements and it?s influenced both by the genomic environment and by the shape of the genome. Recent studies based on Chromosome Conformation Capture-derived techniques, showed that eukaryotic cells organize their chromosomes into topological domains that are largely invariant among cell types and where the majority of looping interactions between regulatory elements take place (Dixon et al., 2012; Nora et al., 2012; Sexton et al., 2012). The principles defining the relationships between these elements and distal target genes remain poorly understood. Previous studies lack either the spatial resolution or the temporal coverage to observe possible dynamic changes in chromatin contacts between promoters and their corresponding distal regulatory elements during gene activation. Here we exploited high-resolution 4C and 5C techniques to elucidate principles of 3D organization of the macrophage genome, in both basal conditions and after macrophage activation, dissecting the specific role of the macrophage master regulator PU.1 in the formation of the general chromosome topology. Our findings indicate that the global organization of chromatin contacts is to a large extent unaffected by macrophage activation, which only partially impacts the looping between specific regulatory elements. Our analysis also reveals an high cell-type specificity of macrophage promoter-enhancer interactions, which is not dependent on the presence of PU.1.
Grounding Scene Graphs on Natural Images via Visio-Lingual Message Passing
Creators: name: Tripathi, Aditay
name: Mishra, Anand
name: Chakraborty, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a framework for jointly grounding objects that follow certain semantic relationship constraints given in a scene graph. A typical natural scene contains several objects, often exhibiting visual relationships of varied complexities between them. These inter-object relationships provide strong contextual cues toward improving grounding performance compared to a traditional object query-only-based localization task. A scene graph is an efficient and structured way to represent all the objects and their semantic relationships in the image. In an attempt towards bridging these two modalities representing scenes and utilizing contextual information for improving object localization, we rigorously study the problem of grounding scene graphs on natural images. To this end, we propose a novel graph neural network-based approach referred to as Visio-Lingual Message PAssing Graph Neural Network (VL-MPAG Net). In VL-MPAG Net, we first construct a directed graph with object proposals as nodes and an edge between a pair of nodes representing a plausible relation between them. Then a three-step inter-graph and intra-graph message passing is performed to learn the context-dependent representation of the proposals and query objects. These object representations are used to score the proposals to generate object localization. The proposed method significantly outperforms the baselines on four public datasets.
Lattice investigation of heavy meson interactions
Creators: name: Wagenbach, Björn
name: Bicudo, Pedro
name: Wagner, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a lattice investigation of heavy meson interactions and of tetraquark candidates with two very heavy quarks. These two quarks are treated in the static limit, while the other two are up, down, strange or charm quarks of finite mass. Various isospin, spin and parity quantum numbers are considered.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, talk given at a workshop for young scientists with research interests focused on physics at FAIR (FAIRNESS 2014), September 21-27, 2014, Vietri sul Mare, Italy
A Second Law for Higher Curvature Gravity
Creators: name: Wall, Aron C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Second Law of black hole thermodynamics is shown to hold for arbitrarily complicated theories of higher curvature gravity, so long as we allow only linearized perturbations to stationary black holes. Some ambiguities in Wald's Noether charge method are resolved. The increasing quantity turns out to be the same as the holographic entanglement entropy calculated by Dong. It is suggested that only the linearization of the higher-curvature Second Law is important, when consistently truncating a UV-complete quantum gravity theory.
description: 10 pages. Honorable mention 2015 Gravity Research Foundation Essay; Appendix A, footnotes, some citations, and minor textual changes added later. v2 corrected typo in Eq. (14) for the linearized Dong entropy. To appear in IJMPD
Thermal Boundary Conductance Across Metal-Nonmetal Interfaces: Effects of Electron-Phonon Coupling both in Metal and at Interface
Creators: name: Li, Mengjie
name: Wang, Yuanyuan
name: Zhou, Jun
name: Ren, Jie
name: Li, Baowen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the thermal boundary conductance across metal-nonmetal interfaces in the presence of the electron-phonon coupling not only in metal but also at interface. The thermal energy can be transferred from metal to nonmetal via three channels: (1) the phonon-phonon coupling at interface; (2) the electron-phonon coupling at interface; and (3) the electron-phonon coupling within metal and then subsequently the phonon-phonon coupling at interface. We find that these three channels can be described by an equivalent series-parallel thermal resistor network, based on which we derive out the analytic expression of the thermal boundary conductance. We then exemplify different contributions from each channel to the thermal boundary conductance in three typical interfaces: Pb-diamond, Ti-diamond, and TiN-MgO. Our results reveal that the competition among above channels determines the thermal boundary conductance.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Glot500: Scaling Multilingual Corpora and Language Models to 500 Languages
Creators: name: Imani, Ayyoob
name: Lin, Peiqin
name: Kargaran, Amir Hossein
name: Severini, Silvia
name: Sabet, Masoud Jalili
name: Kassner, Nora
name: Ma, Chunlan
name: Schmid, Helmut
name: Martins, André F. T.
name: Yvon, François
name: Schütze, Hinrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The NLP community has mainly focused on scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) vertically, i.e., making them better for about 100 languages. We instead scale LLMs horizontally: we create, through continued pretraining, Glot500-m, an LLM that covers 511 predominantly low-resource languages. An important part of this effort is to collect and clean Glot500-c, a corpus that covers these 511 languages and allows us to train Glot500-m. We evaluate Glot500-m on five diverse tasks across these languages. We observe large improvements for both high-resource and low-resource languages compared to an XLM-R baseline. Our analysis shows that no single factor explains the quality of multilingual LLM representations. Rather, a combination of factors determines quality including corpus size, script, "help" from related languages and the total capacity of the model. Our work addresses an important goal of NLP research: we should not limit NLP to a small fraction of the world's languages and instead strive to support as many languages as possible to bring the benefits of NLP technology to all languages and cultures. Code, data and models are available at https://github.com/cisnlp/Glot500.
description: ACL 2023
BICAMERALISM OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: DECISION-MAKING IN THE CONCILIATION COMMITTEE
Creators: name: MARIOTTO, CAMILLA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2013

description: The conciliation committee is the ultimate inter-cameral dispute settlement mechanism of the ordinary (former codecision) legislative procedure of the European Union. Who gets what, and why, in this committee? Are the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers on an equal footing? Upon a closer examination, the institutional set-up of the committee is bias in favour of the Council. The present research investigates under which conditions the European Parliament may be more successful in conciliation bargaining, by three integrating analyses. First, through Wordfish I conduct quantitative text analysis estimating the similarity between the documents of almost all the dossiers that reached conciliation up to February 2012. This evidence suggests that, in almost seventy per cent of times, the final agreement is more similar to the position of the Council. As expected, the Parliament has been more successful after the reform of the Treaty of Amsterdam and in dossiers where the Council decides by qualified majority voting. The Parliament also benefits if the rapporteur comes from a large party because a veto threat is more easily executable. In line with K�nig et al. (2007), the support from the Commission as well as when national administrations are more involved in implementation than the Commission are crucial to parliamentary success. Second, a qualitative expert survey provides an in-depth contribution to the variables affecting legislative outcome for a broad array of cases. The discussions engaged key actors, both from the Council and Parliament, about several dossiers reached the conciliation. The qualitative analysis motivates some of the hypotheses confirmed by the quantitative empirical tests. It investigates the causal mechanism of the rapporteur?s party affiliation, the membership length of the Council president and the Commission?s role, while the personality of the relays actors and the relationship of the assembly with the public opinion, which were not analysed quantitatively, are likely to exert constraints on parliamentarians in finding an agreement or raising the disagreement value they attach to dossiers. Finally, after developing a formal model of conciliation under incomplete information, I select the case of the Telecom Package as analytic narrative to explain how Parliament may extract more concessions from the member states if it manipulates the Council?s believe on its own type.
DEMOCRATIZING BIOETHICS. ONLINE PARTICIPATION AND THE LIFE SCIENCES
Creators: name: SCHIAVONE, GIUSEPPE
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015

description: Bioethics has historically taken up the challenge of creating an arena for the adjudication of permissibility claims for practices in the broad field of the Life Sciences. Long-standing academic arguments have thus managed to percolate into proper political debates and actual policy-making. With the pressing urge to democratize politics overall, the ways in which bioethical issues have been and still are officially discussed have been thoroughly contested. A number of solutions to the alleged lack of transparency, inclusiveness and accountability in bioethical decision-making have been suggested. Some of these solutions resorted to ICTs for their implementation. However it is unclear, so far, exactly to what extent these initiatives have been able to recruit proper participation, foster reasoned deliberation, and, most importantly, cast politically legitimate decisions. Democratizing Bioethics tackles the unresolved issues of political legitimacy that underlie the current approach to deliberative public engagement initiatives for science policy-making. In doing so, it provides a political framework in which to test political theories supposed to apply to the political management of moral disagreement. Furthermore, it articulates and defends an actual political theory?moderate epistocracy for online deliberation?as a proper political means to deal with disagreement that is essentially moral arising from scientific and technical progress. Finally, the theory is preliminarily empirically tested via a tool for online direct competent participation.
On the invariant region for compressible Euler equations with a general equation of state
Creators: name: Liu, Hailiang
name: Thein, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L65, 76N15, 65M08

description: The state space for solutions of the compressible Euler equations with a general equation of state is examined. An arbitrary equation of state is allowed, subject only to the physical requirements of thermodynamics. An invariant region of the resulting Euler system is identified and the convexity property of this region is justified by using only very minimal thermodynamical assumptions. Finally, we show how an invariant-region-preserving (IRP) limiter can be constructed for use in high order finite-volume type schemes to solve the compressible Euler equations with a general constitutive relation.
The hunt for formamide in interstellar ices: A toolkit of laboratory infrared spectra in astronomically relevant ice mixtures and comparisons to ISO, Spitzer, and JWST observations
Creators: name: Slavicinska, Katerina
name: Rachid, Marina Gomes
name: Rocha, Will Robson Monteiro
name: Chuang, Ko-Ju
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine Fleur
name: Linnartz, Harold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work aims at characterizing the mid-IR spectra of formamide in its pure form as well as in mixtures of the most abundant interstellar ices via laboratory simulation of such ices, as well as demonstrating how these laboratory spectra can be used to search for formamide in ice observations. Mid-IR spectra (4000 - 500 cm$^{-1}$, 2.5 - 20 $μ$m) of formamide, both in its pure form as well as in binary and tertiary mixtures with H$_2$O, CO$_2$, CO, NH$_3$, CH$_3$OH, H$_2$O:CO$_2$, H$_2$O:NH$_3$, CO:NH$_3$, and CO:CH$_3$OH, are collected at temperatures ranging from 15 - 212 K. Apparent band strengths and positions of eight IR bands of pure amorphous and crystalline formamide at various temperatures are provided. Three bands are identified as potential formamide tracers in observational ice spectra: the overlapping C=O stretch and NH$_2$ scissor bands at 1700.3 and 1630.4 cm$^{-1}$ (5.881 and 6.133 $μ$m), the CH bend at 1388.1 cm$^{-1}$ (7.204 $μ$m), and the CN stretch at 1328.1 cm$^{-1}$ (7.529 $μ$m). The relative apparent band strengths, positions, and FWHM of these features in mixtures at various temperatures are also determined. Finally, the laboratory spectra are compared to observational spectra of low- and high-mass young stellar objects as well as pre-stellar cores observed with the Infrared Space Observatory, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the JWST. A comparison between the formamide CH bend in laboratory data and the 7.24 $μ$m band in the observations tentatively indicates that, if formamide ice is contributing significantly to the observed absorption, it is more likely in a polar matrix. Upper limits ranging from 0.35-5.1\% with respect to H$_{2}$O are calculated. These upper limits are in agreement with gas-phase formamide abundances and take into account the effect of a H$_{2}$O matrix on formamide's band strengths.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 25 pages, 11 figures, 9 tables
title:  Cittadinanza, diritto internazionale e sintonizzazione empatica nel «mondo uno»
Creators: name: Focarelli, Carlo
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2018

description: Professore ordinario di Diritto internazionale presso l’Università degli Studi RomaTre – Dipartimento di Scienze politiche
description: Democrazia e Sicurezza – 2017, n. 4
ADVANCES IN QUANTUM PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND OTHER TOPICS
Creators: name: SEVESO, LUIGI
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: The first half of this thesis deals with the problem of parameter estimation in a quantum system. In quantum parameter estimation theory, the quantum Fisher information is usually considered as the ultimate precision limit, beyond which no further improvement is possible due to the inherent stochasticity of quantum measurements. On the other hand, in this thesis we will show that a better precision is achievable than predicted by a quantum Fisher information analysis. This is true if some regularity assumptions about the underlying quantum parametric model are relaxed. In such situations, the quantum Fisher information does not completely capture the best possible performance of quantum measurements, and a different approach must be followed. In the second part of the thesis, we will focus on some applications of orthogonal array theory to two notable quantum information problems: the problem of multipartite entanglement classification and the quantum marginal problem. Introduced by Rao in 1947, orthogonal arrays have been usefully applied to different fields, from cryptography and coding theory to the statistical design of experiments, software testing and quality control. Remarkably, orthogonal arrays have also found application in quantum information and, in particular, in the study of quantum entanglement. We will employ tools from orthogonal array theory to study a toy version of the multipartite entanglement classification problem. Finally, we will show how orthogonal arrays can be employed to build constructive solutions to low-dimensional quantum marginal problems.
New Measurements of $^{71}$Ge Decay: Impact on the Gallium Anomaly
Creators: name: Collar, J. I.
name: Yoon, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dedicated high-statistics measurement of the $^{71}$Ge half-life is found to be in accurate agreement with an accepted value of 11.43$\pm$0.03 d, eliminating a recently proposed route to bypass the "gallium anomaly" affecting several neutrino experiments. Our data also severely constrain the possibility of $^{71}$Ge decay to low-energy excited levels of the $^{71}$Ga daughter nucleus as a solution to this puzzle. Additional unpublished measurements of this decay are discussed. Following the incorporation of this new information, the gallium anomaly survives with high statistical significance.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Heavy Quarkonium Production at Collider Energies: Partonic Cross Section and Polarization
Creators: name: Kang, Zhong-Bo
name: Ma, Yan-Qing
name: Qiu, Jian-Wei
name: Sterman, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the ${\cal O}(α_s^3)$ short-distance, QCD collinear-factorized coefficient functions for all partonic channels that include the production of a heavy quark pair at short distances. This provides the first power correction to the collinear-factorized inclusive hadronic production of heavy quarkonia at large transverse momentum, $p_T$, including the full leading-order perturbative contributions to the production of heavy quark pairs in all color and spin states employed in NRQCD treatments of this process. We discuss the role of the first power correction in the production rates and the polarizations of heavy quarkonia in high energy hadronic collisions. The consistency of QCD collinear factorization and non-relativistic QCD factorization applied to heavy quarkonium production is also discussed.
description: 50 pages and 7 figures
PEMP: Leveraging Physics Properties to Enhance Molecular Property Prediction
Creators: name: Sun, Yuancheng
name: Chen, Yimeng
name: Ma, Weizhi
name: Huang, Wenhao
name: Liu, Kang
name: Ma, Zhiming
name: Ma, Wei-Ying
name: Lan, Yanyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Molecular property prediction is essential for drug discovery. In recent years, deep learning methods have been introduced to this area and achieved state-of-the-art performances. However, most of existing methods ignore the intrinsic relations between molecular properties which can be utilized to improve the performances of corresponding prediction tasks. In this paper, we propose a new approach, namely Physics properties Enhanced Molecular Property prediction (PEMP), to utilize relations between molecular properties revealed by previous physics theory and physical chemistry studies. Specifically, we enhance the training of the chemical and physiological property predictors with related physics property prediction tasks. We design two different methods for PEMP, respectively based on multi-task learning and transfer learning. Both methods include a model-agnostic molecule representation module and a property prediction module. In our implementation, we adopt both the state-of-the-art molecule embedding models under the supervised learning paradigm and the pretraining paradigm as the molecule representation module of PEMP, respectively. Experimental results on public benchmark MoleculeNet show that the proposed methods have the ability to outperform corresponding state-of-the-art models.
description: 9 pages. Published in CIKM 2022