cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New Slant on the EPR-Bell Experiment
Creators: name: Evans, Peter
name: Price, Huw
name: Wharton, K. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The best case for thinking that quantum mechanics is nonlocal rests on Bell's Theorem, and later results of the same kind. However, the correlations characteristic of EPR-Bell (EPRB) experiments also arise in familiar cases elsewhere in QM, where the two measurements involved are timelike rather than spacelike separated; and in which the correlations are usually assumed to have a local causal explanation, requiring no action-at-a-distance. It is interesting to ask how this is possible, in the light of Bell's Theorem. We investigate this question, and present two options. Either (i) the new cases are nonlocal, too, in which case action-at-a-distance is more widespread in QM than has previously been appreciated (and does not depend on entanglement, as usually construed); or (ii) the means of avoiding action-at-a-distance in the new cases extends in a natural way to EPRB, removing action-at-a-distance in these cases, too. There is a third option, viz., that the new cases are strongly disanalogous to EPRB. But this option requires an argument, so far missing, that the physical world breaks the symmetries which otherwise support the analogy. In the absence of such an argument, the orthodox combination of views -- action-at-a-distance in EPRB, but local causality in its timelike analogue -- is less well established than it is usually assumed to be.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures; extensively revised for resubmission
Measurement of $D^+ \to K_S^0 K^+$ and $D^+_s \to K_S^0 π^+$ branching ratios
Creators: name: Won, E.
name: Ko, B. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an improved measurement of $D^+ \to K_S^0 K^+$ and $D^+_s\to K_S^0 π^+$ branching ratios using 605 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. The measured branching ratios with respect to the Cabibbo-favored modes are $\mathcal{B}(D^+ \to K_S^0 K^+)/\mathcal{B}(D^+ \to K_S^0 π^+)$ = 0.1899$\pm0.0011\pm$0.0022 and $\mathcal{B}(D^+_s \to K_S^0 π^+)/\mathcal{B}(D^+_s \to K_S^0 K^+)$ = 0.0803$\pm0.0024\pm$0.0019 where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.
Majorization: its extensions and the preservation theorems
Creators: name: Cheng, Koon Wing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis deals mainly with the orderings induced by majorizatIon, the two weak majorizations and their associated inequalities. One of these weak majorizations has received some attention in the literature. However, the other one, being dual to the former, is totally overlooked. Schur functions which preserve these orderings are shown to have applications in statistics. In Chapter 1, we discuss briefly the majorizations and their relations with Schur functions, bringing out the extensions to the weak majorizations where possible. In Chapter 2, we generalize the ordinary majorizations to those parametrized by a vector p of positive components. We discuss the properties of these new majorizations in a direction parallel to that of ordinary majorizations. The Schur functions are likewise generalized. In Chapter 3, we discuss the stochastic extensions of majorizations and the preservation theorem of Schur convexity due to Proschan and Sethuraman (1977). With a preservation theorem on monotonicity, we study the stochastic extensions of the weak majorizations. Some inequalities arising in some multivariate distributions are found to be direct consequences of the two preservation theorems. Finally, we consider the unbiasedness of a certain class of tests of significance.
Codimension one foliations with Bott-Morse singularities II
Creators: name: Seade, Jose
name: Scardua, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R30, 58E05, 57R70, 57R45

description: We study codimension one foliations with singularities defined locally by Bott-Morse functions on closed oriented manifolds. We carry to this setting the classical concepts of holonomy of invariant sets and stability, and prove a stability theorem in the spirit of the local stability theorem of Reeb. This yields, among other things, a good topological understanding of the leaves one may have around a center-type component of the singular set, and also of the topology of its basin. The stability theorem further allows the description of the topology of the boundary of the basin and how the topology of the leaves changes when passing from inside to outside the basin. This is described via fiberwise Milnor-Wallace surgery. A key-point for this is to show that if the boundary of the basin of a center is non-empty, then it contains a saddle; in this case we say that the center and the saddle are paired. We then describe the possible pairings one may have in dimension three and use a construction motivated by the classical saddle-node bifurcation, that we call foliated surgery, that allows the reduction of certain pairings of singularities of a foliation. This is used together with our previous work on the topic to prove an extension for 3-manifolds of Reeb's sphere recognition theorem.
description: To appear in Journal of Topology
Density Fluctuations in Thermal Inflation and Non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Takahashi, Tomo
name: Yokoyama, Shuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider primordial fluctuations in thermal inflation scenario. Since the thermal inflation drives about 10 $e$-folds after the standard inflation, the time of horizon-exit during inflation corresponding to the present observational scale shifts toward the end of inflation. It generally makes the primordial power spectrum more deviated from a scale-invariant one and hence renders some models inconsistent with observations. We present a mechanism of generating the primordial curvature perturbation at the end of thermal inflation utilizing a fluctuating coupling of a flaton field with the fields in thermal bath. We show that, by adopting the mechanism, some inflation models can be liberated even in the presence of the thermal inflation. We also discuss non-Gaussianity in the mechanism and show that large non-Gaussianity can be generated in this scenario.
description: 15 pages, 1 figures, minor changes
On the Vocabulary of Grammar-Based Codes and the Logical Consistency of Texts
Creators: name: Dębowski, Łukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.4; G.3; I.2.7
subject: 94A29, 60G10, 94A17

description: The article presents a new interpretation for Zipf-Mandelbrot's law in natural language which rests on two areas of information theory. Firstly, we construct a new class of grammar-based codes and, secondly, we investigate properties of strongly nonergodic stationary processes. The motivation for the joint discussion is to prove a proposition with a simple informal statement: If a text of length $n$ describes $n^β$ independent facts in a repetitive way then the text contains at least $n^β/\log n$ different words, under suitable conditions on $n$. In the formal statement, two modeling postulates are adopted. Firstly, the words are understood as nonterminal symbols of the shortest grammar-based encoding of the text. Secondly, the text is assumed to be emitted by a finite-energy strongly nonergodic source whereas the facts are binary IID variables predictable in a shift-invariant way.
description: 24 pages, no figures
On the non-relativistic limit of charge conjugation in QED
Creators: name: Perez, B. Carballo
name: Socolovsky, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even if at the level of the non-relativistic limit of full QED, C is not a symmetry, the limit of this operation does exist for the particular case when the electromagnetic field is considered a classical external object coupled to the Dirac field. This result extends the one obtained when fermions are described by the Schroedinger-Pauli equation. We give the expressions for both the C matrix and the $\hat{C}$ operator for galilean electrons and positrons interacting with the external electromagnetic field. The result is relevant in relation to recent experiments with antihydrogen.
description: 7 pages
On the relation between mass of pion, fundamental physical constants and cosmological parameters
Creators: name: Hajdukovic, Dragan Slavkov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we reconsider the old mysterious relation, advocated by Dirac and Weinberg, between the mass of the pion, the fundamental physical constants, and the Hubble parameter. By introducing the cosmological density parameters, we show how the corresponding equation may be written in a form that is invariant with respect to the expansion of the Universe and without invoking a varying gravitational "constant", as was originaly proposed by Dirac. It is suggest that, through this relation, Nature gives a hint that virtual pions dominante the "content" of the quantum vacuum.
Arte/Cinema. Dinamismo futurista e extra artisticità dadaista
Creators: name: Naldi, Fabiola <1971>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: L-ART/03 Storia dell'arte contemporanea

description: La ricerca ha bene analizzato lo stretto rapporto che si instaura fra le Avanguardie Storiche e le tecnologie più innovative dei primi anni del Novecento. Con il Futurismo
(argomento trattato nel primo anno di ricerca di dottorato) e, in seguito, con il Dadaismo (principale soggetto di studio del secondo anno di ricerca), la candidata sottolinea i rapporti fra le avanguardie artistiche e la neonata tecnica cinematografica (1895). Il primo capitolo si concentra sugli enormi cambiamenti, sia materiali sia
culturali, vissuti dalla nuova società di inizio Novecento. I principali concetti analizzati sono: i molteplici sviluppi tecnologici, la disputa teorica sul cinematografo che, tra il 1905 e il 1907, acquista maggiore rilevanza e la nuova “visione” della realtà. In particolare modo nel primo capitolo si affronta anche il dibattito culturale di fine Ottocento che contribuirà alle avanguardistiche affermazioni futuriste. L’idea di confrontare, in perfetta omologia, la nuova “visione” del cinema e le più importanti
scoperte materiali del tempo è un interessante apporto a tutta la ricerca dove l’utilizzo del mezzo cinematografico diventa un mezzo perfetto per analizzare i flussi temporali, non più diacronici bensì sincronici dei fenomeni artistici. Inoltre, si sottolinea come la crescente convergenza fra differenti forme artistiche e il cinema
d’avanguardia diventino uno strumento culturale capace di aprire nuovi universi e prospettive. E’ con il Futurismo che si inizia a parlare di contaminazioni fra differenti
mezzi di espressione non necessariamente legati alla “rappresentazione” pittorica o scultorea. E’ invece il movimento Dadaista a sviluppare il discorso iniziato dai
Futuristi e a concretizzare il binomio arte/cinema al fine di condividere il tempo della registrazione filmica e l’intenzione artistica degli autori presi in esame.
Una parte importante del lavoro è stata l’analisi e lo studio dei materiali filmici recuperati sia in ambito futurista sia in ambito dadaista. La stesura di un approfondito indice ragionato ha permesso importanti chiarimenti sull’argomento trattato. La ricerca predisposta dalla candidata si è avvalsa di strumenti metodologici differenti con l’intento di far emergere il complesso degli interventi dei principali artisti operanti all’interno dei due movimenti presi in esame, tracciandone le omologie con le principali innovazioni tecnologiche.
Giovanni Francesco da Rimini
Un percorso fra tradizione e rinnovamento nella pittura italiana di metà Quattrocento.
Giovanni Francesco da Rimini
An artist between tradition and renewal in Italian Painting of the Mid-Quattrocento
Creators: name: Mosso, Valerio <1976>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: L-ART/01 Storia dell'arte medievale

description: La tesi presenta l’attività di Giovanni Francesco da Rimini, pittore attivo all’incirca dal 1440 al 1470. Analizzando le varie esperienze tra Padova, Perugia, Firenze e Bologna, si ricostruisce un catalogo delle sue opere.
description: The PhD thesis focuses on the oeuvre of Giovanni Francesco da Rimini, painter active between 1440 and 1470. Through the analysis of his activity in Padua, Perugia, Florence and Bologna, it presents a complete catalogue of his works.
On a parametrization of positive semidefinite matrices with zeros
Creators: name: Drton, Mathias
name: Yu, Josephine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14P10, 15A99, 13P25, 62H05

description: We study a class of parametrizations of convex cones of positive semidefinite matrices with prescribed zeros. Each such cone corresponds to a graph whose non-edges determine the prescribed zeros. Each parametrization in this class is a polynomial map associated with a simplicial complex supported on cliques of the graph. The images of the maps are convex cones, and the maps can only be surjective onto the cone of zero-constrained positive semidefinite matrices when the associated graph is chordal and the simplicial complex is the clique complex of the graph. Our main result gives a semi-algebraic description of the image of the parametrizations for chordless cycles. The work is motivated by the fact that the considered maps correspond to Gaussian statistical models with hidden variables.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure. New shorter proof of Lemma 5.6. Final version, to appear in SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications
A Dirichlet unit theorem for Drinfeld modules
Creators: name: Taelman, Lenny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G09

description: We show that the module of integral points on a Drinfeld module satisfies a an analogue of Dirichlet's unit theorem, despite its failure to be finitely generated. As a consequence, we obtain a construction of a canonical finitely generated sub-module of the module of integral points. We use the results to give a precise formulation of a conjectural analogue of the class number formula.
description: 8 pages. (v4: added Thm 2; v3: added conjectural class number formula; v2: minor corrections)
Israel. Política económica en Israel
Creators: name: Hernandez-Carrion, J.R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Macroeconomic data
Israel
Economic policy
Country report 2018
Datos macroeconómicos
Política económica
Economía de Israel
Indicadores de coyuntura
Resultados anualizados

description: This document presents the forecast of macroeconomic developments compiled from different sources as World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Bank of Israel, OECD, etc., in December 2018 regarding the main macroeconomic variables—GDP, inflation, unemployment, foreign trade and the real growth rate. According to international institutions staff forecast, gross domestic product (GDP) and other main macroeconomic indicators are projected till 2018 final results. We analyse the main economic data for a five years period in order to study the yearly results of the economy of Israel. Este documento presenta el pronóstico del desarrollo macroeconómico general de Israel, a partir de diferentes fuentes como el Banco Mundial, el Fondo Monetario Internacional, el Banco de Israel, la OCDE, etc., para el mes diciembre de 2018 con respecto a las principales variables macroeconómicas: PIB, inflación, desempleo, comercio exterior y la tasa de crecimiento real. De acuerdo con el pronóstico de diferentes instituciones internacionales, el producto interno bruto (PIB) y otros indicadores macroeconómicos principales se proyectan hasta los resultados finales de 2018. Analizamos la principales agregados económicos durante un período de cinco años para estudiar los resultados anualizados de la economía de Israel.
Gonodactylopsis Manning 1969
Creators: name: Ahyong, Shane T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Stomatopoda
Gonodactylidae
Gonodactylopsis

description: Gonodactylopsis Manning, 1969
 Gonodactylopsis Manning, 1969: 149.
 Type species. Gonodactylus herdmani Tattersall, 1906, by original designation.
 Diagnosis. Eye subcylindrical, cornea subglobular. Ocular scales low, separate, not wider than basal width of median spine of rostral plate. Rostral plate trispinous, with slender median spine and shorter, wider lateral spines. Carapace anterolateral margins convex, extending anteriorly beyond base of rostral plate. Mandibular palp present. Raptorial claw propodus with proximal movable spine. Telson with submedian, intermediate and lateral primary teeth; mid-dorsal surface with median, accessory median, anterior submedian and anterior intermediate carinae, each posteriorly armed; submedian and intermediate primary teeth with 1 or more upright basal spines or bosses; carina of intermediate tooth without accessory carina on mesial margin; anus located ventrally. Uropodal protopod without lobes between terminal spines; exopod inner margin glabrous, distal article outer margin setose; endopod inner margin glabrous, outer margin distal half setose; distal exopod article and endopod with soft, membranous, glabrous mesial surface.
 Figure 1. Distribution of species of Gonodactylopsis: G. herdmani (Tattersall, 1906) (▼), G. drepanophora (De Man, 1902) (●), G. komodoensis Erdmann & Manning, 1998 (▲), G. lata sp. nov. (Ɨ), G. maqqaba sp. nov. (■).
description: Published as part of Ahyong, Shane T., 2022, Revision of the Indo-West Pacific Coral Reef Mantis Shrimp Genus, Gonodactylopsis Manning, 1969 (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Gonodactylidae), pp. 41-57 in Records of the Australian Museum 74 (2) on page 42, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1806, http://zenodo.org/record/7177862
Tax Treaty Override
Creators: name: De Pietro, Carla <1975>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: IUS/12 Diritto tributario

description: What exactly is tax treaty override ? When is it realized ? This thesis, which is the result of a co-directed PhD between the University of Bologna and Tilburg University, gives a deep insight into a topic that has not yet been analyzed in a systematic way. On the contrary, the analysis about tax treaty override is still at a preliminary stage. For this reason the origin and nature of tax treaty override are first of all analyzed in their ‘natural’ context, i.e. within general international law. In order to characterize tax treaty override and deeply understand its peculiarities the evaluation of the effects of general international law on tax treaties based on the OECD Model Convention is a necessary pre-condition. Therefore, the binding effects of an international agreement on state sovereignty are specifically investigated. Afterwards, the interpretation of the OECD Model Convention occupies the main part of the thesis in order to develop an ‘interpretative model’ which can be applied every time a case of tax treaty override needs to be detected. Fictitious income, exit taxes and CFC regimes are analyzed in order to verify their compliance with tax treaties based on the OECD Model Convention and establish when the relevant legislation realizes cases of tax treaty override.
description: Che cosa é esattamente il treaty override ? Quando può dirsi realizzato ? Questa tesi, risultato di un dottorato in co-tutela tra l’Università di Bologna e l’Università di Tilburg, approfondisce un tema che non ha ancora trovato una sistematica analisi accademica. Al contrario, la ricerca relativa al treaty override è ancora ad uno stadio preliminare. Per questa ragione, la tesi, traendo origine dall’analisi di diritto internazionale generale, ha innanzitutto approfondito gli aspetti relativi all’origine ed alla natura del treaty override. Al fine di evidenziare le caratteristiche del treaty override e comprenderne le peculiarità sono stati analizzati gli effetti del diritto internazionale sui trattati contro la doppia imposizione che seguono il Modello OCSE. In modo particolare, la ricerca si è soffermata sugli aspetti concernenti la limitazione della sovranità nazionale quale effetto della valida conclusione di un trattato internazionale. La tesi, ha, quindi, prevalentemente avuto ad oggetto l’interpretazione del Modello OCSE al fine di delineare un ‘modello interpretativo’ che consenta l’individuazione dei casi di treaty override. Presunzioni, exit taxes e regimi CFC sono stati analizzati al fine di verificarne la compatibilità con il suddetto modello di Convenzione e stabilire quando la relativa legislazione nazionale determina casi di treaty override.
All "static" spherically symmetric perfect fluid solutions of Einstein's equations with constant equation of state parameter and finite-polynomial "mass function"
Creators: name: Semiz, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We look for "static" spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein's Equations for perfect fluid source with equation of state $p=wρ$. In order to include the possibilities of recently popularized dark energy and phantom energy possibly pervading the spacetime, we put no constraints on the constant $w$. We consider all four cases compatible with the standard ansatz for the line element, discussed in previous work. For each case we derive the equation obeyed by the mass function or its analogs. For these equations, we find {\em all} finite-polynomial solutions, including possible negative powers. For the standard case, we find no significantly new solutions, but show that one solution is a static phantom solution, another a black hole-like solution. For the dynamic and/or tachyonic cases we find, among others, dynamic and static tachyonic solutions, a Kantowski-Sachs (KS) class phantom solution, another KS-class solution for dark energy, and a second black hole-like solution. The black hole-like solutions feature segregated normal and tachyonic matter, consistent with the assertion of previous work. In the first black hole-like solution, tachyonic matter is inside the horizon, in the second, outside. The static phantom solution, a limit of an old one, is surprising at first, since phantom energy is usually associated with super-exponential expansion. The KS-phantom solution stands out since its "mass function" is a ninth order polynomial.
description: 24 standard LaTeX pages, 4 tables, no figures. -Title changed to avoid equation in title. -The set of solutions and their interpretation remains unchanged, but new classification of solutions (solution labels also changed), consolidation of appendix into a table (omitting calculation details) resulted in shorter paper. -Updated Publication info for preprints in References
The Laplace transform of the cut-and-join equation and the Bouchard-Marino conjecture on Hurwitz numbers
Creators: name: Eynard, Bertrand
name: Mulase, Motohico
name: Safnuk, Brad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14H10, 14N10, 14N35, 05A15, 05A17, 81T45

description: We calculate the Laplace transform of the cut-and-join equation of Goulden, Jackson and Vakil. The result is a polynomial equation that has the topological structure identical to the Mirzakhani recursion formula for the Weil-Petersson volume of the moduli space of bordered hyperbolic surfaces. We find that the direct image of this Laplace transformed equation via the inverse of the Lambert W-function is the topological recursion formula for Hurwitz numbers conjectured by Bouchard and Marino using topological string theory.
description: 34 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
An extension of the Krein-Milman theorem and applications
Creators: name: Kirshner, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The Krein-Milman Theorem says that each compact, convex subset of a locally convex space is the closed convex hull of its extreme points. In the case of a separable Banach Space several collections of extreme points are known to be dense in the whole set of extreme points (e.g. the set of exposed points [5; theorem 4]; the set of denting points [8; remarks following definition 44]). Consequently these sets can be used instead of the whole set of extreme points to generate compact convex sets. In this thesis we examine such a dense subset of extreme points in the context of less structured separable locally convex spaces. We also examine some applications of the resulting extended Krein-Milman Theorem.
Symmetron Fields: Screening Long-Range Forces Through Local Symmetry Restoration
Creators: name: Hinterbichler, Kurt
name: Khoury, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a screening mechanism that allows a scalar field to mediate a long range (~Mpc) force of gravitational strength in the cosmos while satisfying local tests of gravity. The mechanism hinges on local symmetry restoration in the presence of matter. In regions of sufficiently high matter density, the field is drawn towards ϕ= 0 where its coupling to matter vanishes and the ϕ-> -ϕsymmetry is restored. In regions of low density, however, the symmetry is spontaneously broken, and the field couples to matter with gravitational strength. We predict deviations from general relativity in the solar system that are within reach of next-generation experiments, as well as astrophysically observable violations of the equivalence principle. The model can be distinguished experimentally from Brans-Dicke gravity, chameleon theories and brane-world modifications of gravity.
description: 4 pages. v3: version appearing in PRL
Small Black holes vs horizonless solutions in AdS
Creators: name: Simon, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that the appropriate macroscopic description of half-BPS mesonic chiral operators in generic $d=4$ ${\cal N}=1$ toric gauge theories is in terms of the geometric quantization of smooth horizonless configurations. The relevance of different ensemble macroscopic descriptions is emphasized : lorentzian vs euclidean configurations as (semiclassical) microstates vs saddle points in an euclidean path integral.
description: 10 pages; v2 improved entropy discussion and new references included
Oligo(ethylene glycol)-modified β-cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxanes for simultaneously modulating solubility and cellular internalization efficiency
Creators: name: Tamura, Atsushi
name: Ohashi, Moe
name: Yui, Nobuhiko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: We developed stimuli-labile polyrotaxanes (PRXs) composed of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), Pluronic as an axle polymer, and acid-cleavable N-triphenylmethyl groups as bulky stopper molecules, and found that the PRXs are potent therapeutics for Niemann-Pick type C disease, because the PRX can effectively reduce intracellular cholesterol through the intracellular release of threaded β-CDs. In general, the PRXs need to be chemically modified with hydrophilic functional groups because PRXs are not soluble in aqueous media. Herein, four series of oligo(ethylene glycol)s (OEGs) with different ethylene glycol repeating unit (2 or 3) and chemical structure of OEG terminal (hydroxy or methoxy) were modified onto the threaded β-CDs in PRX. The effects of the structure of OEG on the aqueous solubility, toxicity, and cellular internalization efficiency of OEG-modified PRXs were investigated to optimize the chemical structure of OEG. The hydroxy-terminated OEG-modified PRXs showed excellent solubility in aqueous media and no toxicity, regardless of the number of ethylene glycol repeating units. In the case of the methoxy-terminated OEG-modified PRXs, sufficient solubility in aqueous media and negligible toxicity were observed when the number of ethylene glycol repeating units was 3, while low solubility and toxicity were observed when the ethylene glycol repeating unit was 2. Additionally, cellular uptake levels of methoxy-terminated OEG-modified PRXs in RAW264.7 cells were higher than those of hydroxy-terminated OEG-modified PRXs. Consequently, the chemical structure of the OEG strongly affects the chemical and biological properties of the PRXs, and that a methoxy-terminated OEG with 3 ethylene glycol repeating units is the most preferable modification of PRXs, since the resultant PRX is sufficiently soluble in aqueous media, non-toxic, and possesses high cellular internalization efficiency.
Nonmodal amplification of stochastic disturbances in strongly elastic channel flows
Creators: name: Jovanović, Mihailo R.
name: Kumar, Satish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonmodal amplification of stochastic disturbances in elasticity-dominated channel flows of Oldroyd-B fluids is analyzed in this work. For streamwise-constant flows with high elasticity numbers $μ$ and finite Weissenberg numbers $We$, we show that the linearized dynamics can be decomposed into slow and fast subsystems, and establish analytically that the steady-state variances of velocity and polymer stress fluctuations scale as $O (We^2)$ and $O (We^4)$, respectively. This demonstrates that large velocity variance can be sustained even in weakly inertial stochastically driven channel flows of viscoelastic fluids. We further show that the wall-normal and spanwise forces have the strongest impact on the flow fluctuations, and that the influence of these forces is largest on the fluctuations in streamwise velocity and the streamwise component of the polymer stress tensor. The underlying physical mechanism involves polymer stretching that introduces a lift-up of flow fluctuations similar to vortex tilting in inertia-dominated flows. The validity of our analytical results is confirmed in stochastic simulations. The phenomenon examined here provides a possible route for the early stages of a bypass transition to elastic turbulence and might be exploited to enhance mixing in microfluidic devices.
description: 46 pages, 15 figures, to appear in J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech
High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies: Angular Momentum and Baryon Fraction, Turbulent Pressure Effects and the Origin of Turbulence
Creators: name: Burkert, A.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Bouche, N.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Khochfar, S.
name: Sommer-Larsen, J.
name: Sternberg, A.
name: Naab, T.
name: Foerster-Schreiber, N.
name: Tacconi, L.
name: Shapiro, K.
name: Hicks, E.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Davies, R.
name: Buschkamp, P.
name: Genel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of a sample of high-redshift (z=2), rotating galaxies with high star formation rates and turbulent gas velocities of sigma=40-80 km/s is investigated. Fitting the observed disk rotational velocities and radii with a Mo, Mao, White (1998) (MMW) model requires unusually large disk spin parameters lambda_d>0.1 and disk-to-dark halo mass fraction m_d=0.2, close to the cosmic baryon fraction. The galaxies segregate into dispersion-dominated systems with 1200 km/s, vmax/sigma>3 and rd=4-8 kpc. For the dispersion-dominated sample, radial pressure gradients partly compensate the gravitational force, reducing the rotational velocities. Including this pressure effect in the MMW model, dispersion-dominated galaxies can be fitted well with spin parameters lf lambda_d=0.03-0.05 for high disk mass fractions of m_d=0.2 and with lambda_d=0.01-0.03 for m_d=0.05. These values are in good agreement with cosmological expectations. For the rotation-dominated sample however pressure effects are small and better agreement with theoretically expected disk spin parameters can only be achieved if the dark halo mass contribution in the visible disk regime (2-3*rd) is smaller than predicted by the MMW model. We argue that these galaxies can still be embedded in standard cold dark matter halos if the halos did not contract adiabatically in response to disk formation. It is shown that the observed high turbulent gas motions of the galaxies are consistent with a Toomre instability parameter Q=1 which is equal to the critical value, expected for gravitational disk instability to be the major driver of turbulence. The dominant energy source of turbulence is then the potential energy of the gas in the disk.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, ApJ, in press
Higher order first integrals of motion in a gauge covariant Hamiltonian framework
Creators: name: Visinescu, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The higher order symmetries are investigated in a covariant Hamiltonian formulation. The covariant phase-space approach is extended to include the presence of external gauge fields and scalar potentials. The special role of the Killing-Yano tensors is pointed out. Some non-trivial examples involving Runge-Lenz type conserved quantities are explicitly worked out.
description: 13 pages, references added, accepted for publication in MPLA
Implicit and electrostatic Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo model in two dimensional and axisymmetric geometry I: analysis of numerical techniques
Creators: name: Wang, Hong-yu
name: Jiang, Wei
name: Wang, You-nian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed an implicit Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo model in two-dimensional and axisymmetric geometry for the simulations of the radio-frequency discharges, by introducing several numerical schemes which include variable weights, multigrid field solver, etc. Compared to the standard explicit models, we found that the computational efficiency is significantly increased and the accuracy is still kept. Numerical schemes are discussed and benchmark results are shown. The code can be used to simulate practical reactors.
description: accepted by Plasma Source Sci. Tech
Analisi biomeccanica del MAWASHI GERI JODAN in cinture nere di Karate: 
modelli tecnici a confronto
Creators: name: Pecoraioli, Fabrizio <1976>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: M-EDF/02 Metodi e didattiche delle attività sportive

description: In martial arts there are several ways to perform the turning kick . Following the martial arts or different learning models many types of kicks take shape. Mawashi geri is the karate turning kick. At the moment there are two models of mawashi geri, one comes from the traditional karate (OLD), and the other newer (NEW), who agrees to the change of the rules of W.K.F. (World Karate Federation) happened in 2000 (Macan J. et all 2006) . In this study we are focus on the differences about two models the mawashi geri jodan of karate. The purpose of this study is to analyse cinematic and kinetic parameters of mawashi geri jodan. Timing of the striking and supporting leg actions were also evaluated 
A Vicon system 460 IR with 6 cameras at sample frequency of 200 Hz was used. 37 reflective markers have been set on the skin of the subjects following the “PlugInGait-total body model”. The participants performed five repetitions of mawashi geri jodan at maximum rapidity with their dominant leg against a ball suspended in front of them placed at ear height. Fourteen skilled subjects (mean level black belt 1,7 dan; age 20,9±4,8 yrs; height 171,4±7,3 cm; weight 60,9±10,2 Kg) practicing karate have been split in two group through the hierarchical cluster analysis following their technical characteristics. By means of the Mann Whitney-U test (Spss-package) the differences between the two groups were verified in preparatory and execution phase. Kicking knee at start, kicking hip and knee at take-off were different between the two groups (p < 0,05). Striking hip flexion during the spin of the supporting foot was different between the two groups (p < 0,05). Peak angular velocity of hip flexion were different between the two groups (p < 0,05). Groups showed differences also in timing of the supporting spin movement. While Old group spin the supporting foot at 30% of the trial, instead New start spinning at 44% of the trial. Old group showed a greater supporting foot spin than New (Old 110° Vs New 82°). Abduction values didn’t show any differences between the two groups. At the hit has been evaluated a 120° of double hips abduction, for the entire sample. Striking knee extension happened for everybody after the kicking hip flexion and confirm the proximal-distal action of the striking leg (Sorensen H. 1996). In contrast with Pearson J.N. 1997 and Landeo R 2007, peak velocity of the striking foot is not useful to describe kick performance because affected by the stature. Two groups are different either in preparatory phase or in execution phase. The body is set in difference manner already before the take-off of the kicking foot. The groups differ for the timing of the supporting foot action Trainer should pay attention to starting posture and on abduction capacities of the athletes.
From Multi-Keyholes to Measure of Correlation and Power Imbalance in MIMO Channels: Outage Capacity Analysis
Creators: name: Levin, George
name: Loyka, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An information-theoretic analysis of a multi-keyhole channel, which includes a number of statistically independent keyholes with possibly different correlation matrices, is given. When the number of keyholes or/and the number of Tx/Rx antennas is large, there is an equivalent Rayleigh-fading channel such that the outage capacities of both channels are asymptotically equal. In the case of a large number of antennas and for a broad class of fading distributions, the instantaneous capacity is shown to be asymptotically Gaussian in distribution, and compact, closed-form expressions for the mean and variance are given. Motivated by the asymptotic analysis, a simple, full-ordering scalar measure of spatial correlation and power imbalance in MIMO channels is introduced, which quantifies the negative impact of these two factors on the outage capacity in a simple and well-tractable way. It does not require the eigenvalue decomposition, and has the full-ordering property. The size-asymptotic results are used to prove Telatar's conjecture for semi-correlated multi-keyhole and Rayleigh channels. Since the keyhole channel model approximates well the relay channel in the amplify-and-forward mode in certain scenarios, these results also apply to the latter
description: accepted by IEEE IT Trans., 2010
Complexity of N-Myc transcriptional function in childhood neuroblastoma
Creators: name: Iraci, Nunzio <1979>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: BIO/18 Genetica

description: Myc is a transcription factor that can activate transcription of several hundreds genes by direct binding to their promoters at specific DNA sequences (E-box). However, recent studies have also shown that it can exert its biological role by repressing transcription. Such studies collectively support a model in which c-Myc-mediated repression occurs through interactions with transcription factors bound to promoter DNA regions but not through direct recognition of typical E-box sequences. Here, we investigated whether N-Myc can also repress gene transcription, and how this is mechanistically achieved. We used human neuroblastoma cells as a model system in that N-MYC amplification/over-expression represents a key prognostic marker of this tumour. By means of transcription profile analyses we could identify at least 5 genes (TRKA, p75NTR, ABCC3, TG2, p21) that are specifically repressed by N-Myc. Through a dual-step-ChIP assay and genetic dissection of gene promoters, we found that N-Myc is physically associated with gene promoters in vivo, in proximity of the transcription start site. N-Myc association with promoters requires interaction with other proteins, such as Sp1 and Miz1 transcription factors. Furthermore, we found that N-Myc may repress gene expression by interfering directly with Sp1 and/or with Miz1 activity (i.e. TRKA, p75NTR, ABCC3, p21) or by recruiting Histone Deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) (i.e. TG2). In vitro analyses show that distinct N-Myc domains can interact with Sp1, Miz1 and Hdac1, supporting the idea that Myc may participate in distinct repression complexes by interacting specifically with diverse proteins. Finally, results show that N-Myc, through repressed genes, affects important cellular functions, such as apoptosis, growth, differentiation and motility. Overall, our results support a model in which N-Myc, like c-Myc, can repress gene transcription by direct interaction with Sp1 and/or Miz1, and provide further lines of evidence on the importance of transcriptional repression by Myc factors in tumour biology.
Rilascio dei biomarkers di danno miocardico dopo iniezione diretta per via percutanea di cellule staminali e terapia genica
Creators: name: Baldazzi, Federica <1976>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: MED/11 Malattie dell'apparato cardiovascolare

description: Aims: We aimed to quantify the release of bio-markers of myocardial damage in relation to direct intramyocardial injections of genes and stem cells in patients with severe coronary artery disease.
Methods and Results: We studied 71 patients with “no-option” coronary artery disease. Patients had, via the percutaneous transluminal route, a total of 11±1 (mean ± SD) intramyocardial injections of vascular endothelial growth factor genes (n=56) or mesenchymal stromal cells (n=15). Injections were guided to an ischemic area by electromechanical mapping, using the NOGA™/Myostar™ catheter system. ECG was monitored continuously until
discharge. Plasma CKMB (upper normal laboratory limit=5 μg/l) was 2 μg/l (2-3) at baseline; increased to 6 (5-9) after 8 hours (p < 0.0001) and normalized to 4 (3-5) after 24 hours. A total of 8 patients (17%), receiving a volume of 0.3 ml per injection, had CKMB rises exceeding 3 times the upper limit, whereas no patient in the group receiving 0.2 ml had a more than two fold CKMB increase. No patient developed new ECG changes. There were no clinically important ventricular arrhythmias and no death.
Conclusion: Direct Intramyocardial injections of stem cells or genes lead to measurable release of cardiac bio-markers, which was related to the injected volume.
Fine Tuning in General Gauge Mediation
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Nakai, Yuichiro
name: Takahashi, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fine-tuning problem in the context of general gauge mediation. Numerical analyses toward for relaxing fine-tuning are presented. We analyse the problem in typical three cases of the messenger scale, that is, GUT ($2\times10^{16}$ GeV), intermediate ($10^{10}$ GeV), and relatively low energy ($10^6$ GeV) scales. In each messenger scale, the parameter space reducing the degree of tuning as around 10% is found. Certain ratios among gluino mass, wino mass and soft scalar masses are favorable. It is shown that the favorable region becomes narrow as the messenger scale becomes lower, and tachyonic initial conditions of stop masses at the messenger scale are favored to relax the fine-tuning problem for the relatively low energy messenger scale. Our spectra would also be important from the viewpoint of the $μ-B$ problem.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures, comment added
Valutazione del danno da stress ossidativo come indicatore di effetto biologico dell'esposizione professionale a xenobiotici
Creators: name: Barbieri, Anna <1969>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: MED/44 Medicina del lavoro

description: Oxidative DNA damages determine the activation of cell repair processes. These processes originate repair products, including the most studied one, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). Several analytical techniques have been applied to measure urinary 8-OH-dG, but a discrepancy in basal urinary 8-OH-dG levels has been noted when comparing chromatographic techniques with immunoenzymatic assays (ELISA). Our laboratory has developed a fully validated, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method presenting high sensitivity and specificity, which has participated in an inter-laboratory validation of assays for the measurement of urinary 8-OH-dG (ESCULA project). Mass Spectrometric techniques showed more accuracy and specificity than immunoenzymatic methods. Human spot urine samples were analyzed in order to investigate the possibility to correct urinary lesion measurements for creatinine and to evaluate the intra- and inter-day variability of 8-OH-dG excretion in urine. Our results confirm the opportunity to delve into these issues.
Finally, we measured urinary 8-OH-dG in workers exposed to antineoplastic drugs and in a group of unexposed subjects to evaluate the relationship between occupational exposure and oxidative damage related to the internal dose. We found higher levels of 8-OH-dG in exposed nurses, but, as compared to the non-exposed subjects, the difference was not statistically significant, probably do to the very low level of exposure. The scientific literature is rapidly developing on the topic of DNA damage and related repair capacity. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of the sources of DNA lesions in urine and their significance, both in clinical and occupational medicine.