Chlerogella Michener 1954
Creators: name: Engel, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Halictidae
Chlerogella

description: Genus <i>Chlerogella</i> Michener <i>Chlerogella</i> Michener, 1954: 75. Type species: <i>Chlerogella elongaticeps</i> Michener, 1954, by original designation and monotypy. Eickwort, 1969: 445; Engel, 1998: 110; Engel, 2000: 38; Michener, 2000: 389; González et al., 2005: 50; Michener, 2007: 405; Smith-Pardo and Vélez-Ruiz, 2008: 57. <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Female</i>: Head longer than wide; mandible with weakly to moderately developed subapical tooth; labral distal process narrowly triangular; basal elevation orbicular to bilobed; lateral teeth absent; prementum not greatly elongate, less than seven times longer than wide; galeal apex lobed; galeal comb absent; galeal base reaching back to stipital base; hypostomal ridge carinate to lamellate; anterior angle rounded; malar length usually much longer than basal width of mandible although in a few species the malar space is as long as to much shorter than basal mandibular width (<i>vide infra</i>); epistomal sulcus acute to nearly orthogonal; ocelli not greatly enlarged; ocellar furrow absent; vertex not expanded or ridged behind ocelli; preoccipital ridge round- ed. Pronotal dorsal surface typically unmodified from most genera with dorsal ridge rounded and medially overlapped by mesoscutum (rarely inflated between lateral portions of pronotal dorsal surface so that there is a long horizontal surface with a gently rounded anterior edge dropping down onto pronotal collar); lateral ridge entirely absent; mesoscutal anterior border rounded; tegula oval; prosternum expanded, pushing posterior corners of propleurae and anterior corners of procoxae apart. Probasitarsal brush present; metabasitibial plate bordered on all sides, not strongly rimmed; inner metatibial spur with pectinate branches along rachis, with eight or fewer branches. Forewing marginal cell apex acute; hind wing with distal hamuli irregularly spaced (typically arranged 2-1-2 or 3-1-2). Basal area of propodeum as long as or longer than combined lengths of mesoscutellum and metanotum, weakly to strongly imbricate; propodeal pit narrow, not set into broad V-shaped notch. <i>Male</i>: Mandible simple; labrum without distal process; antenna long, reaching back to anterior through posterior borders of propodeum; second flagellomere longer than first flagellomere. Inner metatibial spur typically serrate, rarely ciliate or pectinate with short, thin branches. Metasoma typically elongate; SVII and SVIII with medio-apical projections; spiculum present and narrow; ventral surface of penis valve with prong; parapenial lobe absent; basal process of gonostylus absent; dorsal process of gonostylus typically reduced, with variable development of setae (typically with thickened elongate setae branched at their apices); ventral gonostylar process typically elaborately developed, with numerous sometimes thickened setae forming patches or fringes (secondarily simplified in a few species). <b>Comments.</b> Some of the features historically believed to be of critical importance for defining <i>Chlerogella</i> are now understood to be rare among the diversity of species. For instance, the long and convex pronotal dorsal surface in <i>C</i>. <i>elongaticeps</i> is rare in the genus and does not fully characterize the clade. Similarly, the elongate malar space, while common across the genus, is not universal. Some of the more important characters that do hold are the elongate propodeum lacking striae or granular integument, the complete absence of the pronotal lateral ridge, a head that is longer than wide, a pectinate inner metatibial spur with eight or fewer branches, and an acute marginal cell. The related genus <i>Chlerogelloides</i> differs in that its species have a strongly acute epistomal sulcus that projects deeply into the clypeus as a thin lobe nearly reaching the clypeal apex and has a serrate inner metatibial spur in females, and a strongly doublecurved simple mandible, a shorter antenna, and the first flagellomere longer than the second in males. From <i>Ischnomelissa</i> the genus differs in the fewer branches of the inner metatibial spur (10 or more densely packed branches in <i>Ischnomelissa</i>) in females and the more elaborately developed gonostylar processes in males. All three of these genera share an expanded, diamond-shaped prosternum. In addition, the elongate propodeum lacking striae is common to these genera and the species of <i>Chlerogelloides</i> share with at least <i>C</i>. <i>elongaticeps</i> the inflated pronotal dorsal surface. <b>Distribution.</b> The genus is distributed in the Andean region from Bolivia, through Perú and Ecuador, into Colombia, from there across to Venezuela (Maps 1–5), and northward into Central America as far North as Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica (refer to maps in Engel 2009a). <b>Floral records.</b> MELASTOMATACEAE: <i>Clidemia crenulata</i> Gleason (<i>C</i>. <i>clidemiae</i> Engel); ORCHIDACEAE: <i>Phragmopedium longifolium</i> (Warsz. &amp; Rchb.f.) Rolfe (Orchidaceae) (<i>Chlerogella</i> sp., identification of bee has not been confirmed as the material upon which the determination was made is unknown); RUBIACEAE: <i>Psychotria pongoana</i> Standl. (<i>C</i>. <i>hypermeces</i> sp. n.). One label of a female of <i>C</i>. <i>oresbios</i> collected in Venezuela indicates the specimen was captured at flowers of “Corupelis”. I have not been able to determine what plant genus this was intended to correspond to.
description: Published as part of <i>Engel, Michael, 2010, Revision of the Bee Genus Chlerogella (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), Part II: South American Species and Generic Diagnosis, pp. 1-100 in ZooKeys 47 (47)</i> on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.47.416, http://zenodo.org/record/576667
description: {"references": ["Michener CD (1954) Bees of Panama. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 104 (1): 1 - 176.", "Eickwort GC (1969) A comparative morphological study and generic revision of the augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 48 (13): 325 - 524.", "Engel MS (1998) Phylogeny, Classification, and Evolutionary Ethology of the Bee Tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, xxii + 306 pp.", "Engel MS (2000) Classification of the bee tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 250: 1 - 89.", "Michener CD (2000) The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xiv + [i] + 913 pp.", "Gonzalez VH, Ospina M, Bennett DJ (2005) Abejas altoandinas de Colombia: Guia de Campo. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, 80 pp.", "Michener CD (2007) The Bees of the World [2 nd Edition]. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xvi + [i] + 953 pp.", "Smith-Pardo AH, Velez-Ruiz RI (2008) Abejas de Antioquia: Guia de Campo. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, 132 pp.", "Engel MS (2009 a) Revision of the bee genus Chlerogella (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), Part I: Central American species. ZooKeys 23: 47 - 75."]}