cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detecting and Studying Higgs Bosons at a Photon-Photon Collider
Creators: name: Asner, David M.
name: Gronberg, Jeffrey B.
name: Gunion, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the potential for detecting and studying Higgs bosons at a photon-photon collider facility associated with a future linear collider. Our study incorporates realistic $\gam\gam$ luminosity spectra based on the most probable available laser technology. Results include detector simulations. We study the cases of: a) a SM-like Higgs boson; b) the heavy MSSM Higgs bosons; c) a Higgs boson with no $WW/ZZ$ couplings from a general two Higgs doublet model.
description: 52 pages, 26 figures, revised version with new appendix
Practical free-space quantum key distribution over 10 km in daylight and at night
Creators: name: Hughes, Richard J.
name: Nordholt, Jane E.
name: Derkacs, Derek
name: Peterson, Charles G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have demonstrated quantum key distribution (QKD) over a 10-km, 1-airmass atmospheric range during daylight and at night. Secret random bit sequences of the quality required for the cryptographic keys used to initialize secure communications devices were transferred at practical rates with realistic security. By identifying the physical parameters that determine the system's secrecy efficiency, we infer that free-space QKD will be practical over much longer ranges under these and other atmospheric and instrumental conditions.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; to be published in New Journal of Physics: http://www.njp.org
Treatment Changes in General Practice Patients With Chronic Mental Disorders Following a Psychiatric-Psychosomatic Consultation
Creators: name: Linden, Michael
name: Muschalla, Beate
name: Noack, Nils
name: Heintze, Christoph
name: Doepfmer, Susanne
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: primary care
subject: quality assurance
subject: chronic mental disorders
subject: rehabilitation
subject: general practitioner
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: To determine whether a psychiatric-psychosomatic consultation can identify unmet treatment needs and improve treatment of patients with mental disorders in general practice. Methods: In 40 primary care practices, 307 consecutive primary patients who met criteria for chronic mental disorders were assessed by a psychiatric-psychosomatic consultant. After random assignment, general practitioners (GPs) were informed for half of the patients about the results of the assessment and received recommendations on how to improve treatment. Changes in treatment and patient status were reevaluated after 6 months. Results: Patients were mostly having depression, adjustment, or anxiety disorders, with 28.8% on sick leave. Contact with their respective GPs was longer than a year in 77.2% of cases. Patients had already received pharmacotherapy (60.9%), psychotherapeutic counseling by GPs themselves (27.7%), psychotherapy by specialists (73.9%), psychiatric outpatient care (57%), inpatient psychiatric treatment (12.1%), inpatient psychosomatic rehabilitation (ie, specialized behavioral medicine facilities for patients with work problems; 41.4%), and a broad spectrum of other diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Newly recommended interventions included leisure activities (42%), a new specialist psychotherapy (37.5%), or inpatient psychosomatic treatment (15.3%). Most recommendations were agreed upon by the GP. Nevertheless, there was only a limited increase in therapeutic actions 6 months later, and no statistically significant improvement in the status of patients. Conclusion: General practitioners undertake a broad spectrum of therapeutic interventions in patients with chronic mental disorders. According to our results, additional psychiatric-psychosomatic consultations can intensify treatment but does not significantly change the general course of chronic mental disorders.
Acoustic versus electromagnetic field theory: scalar, vector, spinor representations and the emergence of acoustic spin
Creators: name: Burns, Lucas
name: Bliokh, Konstantin Y.
name: Nori, Franco
name: Dressel, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a novel Lagrangian representation of acoustic field theory that describes the local vector properties of longitudinal (curl-free) acoustic fields. In particular, this approach accounts for the recently-discovered nonzero spin angular momentum density in inhomogeneous sound fields in fluids or gases. The traditional acoustic Lagrangian representation with a ${\it scalar}$ potential is unable to describe such vector properties of acoustic fields adequately, which are however observable via local radiation forces and torques on small probe particles. By introducing a displacement ${\it vector}$ potential analogous to the electromagnetic vector potential, we derive the appropriate canonical momentum and spin densities as conserved Noether currents. The results are consistent with recent theoretical analyses and experiments. Furthermore, by an analogy with dual-symmetric electromagnetic field theory that combines electric- and magnetic-potential representations, we put forward an acoustic ${\it spinor}$ representation combining the scalar and vector representations. This approach also includes naturally coupling to sources. The strong analogies between electromagnetism and acoustics suggest further productive inquiry, particularly regarding the nature of the apparent spacetime symmetries inherent to acoustic fields.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure, published version
Additional file 1: of Towards a typology of university technology transfer organizations in China: evidences from Tsinghua University
Creators: name: Zhang, Han
name: Cai, Yuzhuo
name: Li, Zhengfeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Translation of the abstract into Arabic. (PDF 51 kb)
Individual and temporal variability of the retina after chronic bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO)
Creators: name: Crespo-Garcia, Sergio
name: Reichhart, Nadine
name: Skosyrski, Sergej
name: Foddis, Marco
name: Wu, Jim
name: Figura, Aleksandar
name: Herrspiegel, Christina
name: Füchtemeier, Martina
name: Sassi, Celeste
name: Dirnagl, Ulrich
name: Joussen, Antonia M.
name: Strauss, Olaf
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO)
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Animal models of disease are an indispensable element in our quest to understand pathophysiology and develop novel therapies. Ex vivo studies have severe limitations, in particular their inability to study individual disease progression over time. In this respect, non-invasive in vivo technologies offer multiple advantages. We here used bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in mice, an established model for ischemic retinopathy, and performed a multimodal in vivo and ex vivo follow-up. We used scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), ocular coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG) over 6 weeks followed by ex vivo analyses. BCCAO leads to vascular remodeling with thickening of veins starting at 4 weeks, loss of photoreceptor synapses with concomitant reduced b-waves in the ERG and thinning of the retina. Mononuclear phagocytes showed fluctuation of activity over time. There was large inter-individual variation in the severity of neuronal degeneration and cellular inflammatory responses. Ex vivo analysis confirmed these variable features of vascular remodeling, neurodegeneration and inflammation. In summary, we conclude that multimodal follow-up and subgroup analysis of retinal changes in BCCAO further calls into question the use of ex vivo studies with distinct single end-points. We propose that our approach can foster the understanding of retinal disease as well as the clinical translation of emerging therapeutic strategies.
Tesis Doctoral "DISEÑO DIDÁCTICO DE UN ENTORNO VIRTUAL PARA LA INTEGRACIÓN ACADEMIA – INDUSTRIA EN LA DISCIPLINA INGENIERÍA Y GESTIÓN DE SOFTWARE EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS CIENCIAS INFORMÁTICAS"
Creators: name: Febe Angel Ciudad-Ricardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Tesis Doctoral "DISEÑO DIDÁCTICO DE UN ENTORNO VIRTUAL PARA LA INTEGRACIÓN ACADEMIA – INDUSTRIA EN LA DISCIPLINA INGENIERÍA Y GESTIÓN DE SOFTWARE EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS CIENCIAS INFORMÁTICAS" donde se fundsmenta un estudio transversal del uso de las TIC en la enseñanza universitaria en cursos de Ingeniería de Software y en proyectos industriales.
On the causal Barrett--Crane model: measure, coupling constant, Wick rotation, symmetries and observables
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Hendryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss various features and details of two versions of the Barrett-Crane spin foam model of quantum gravity, first of the Spin(4)-symmetric Riemannian model and second of the SL(2,C)-symmetric Lorentzian version in which all tetrahedra are space-like. Recently, Livine and Oriti proposed to introduce a causal structure into the Lorentzian Barrett--Crane model from which one can construct a path integral that corresponds to the causal (Feynman) propagator. We show how to obtain convergent integrals for the 10j-symbols and how a dimensionless constant can be introduced into the model. We propose a `Wick rotation' which turns the rapidly oscillating complex amplitudes of the Feynman path integral into positive real and bounded weights. This construction does not yet have the status of a theorem, but it can be used as an alternative definition of the propagator and makes the causal model accessible by standard numerical simulation algorithms. In addition, we identify the local symmetries of the models and show how their four-simplex amplitudes can be re-expressed in terms of the ordinary relativistic 10j-symbols. Finally, motivated by possible numerical simulations, we express the matrix elements that are defined by the model, in terms of the continuous connection variables and determine the most general observable in the connection picture. Everything is done on a fixed two-complex.
description: 22 pages, LaTeX 2e, 1 figure
Xerophloeini Oman 1949
Creators: name: Jones, Joshua R.
name: Deitz, Lewis L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae

description: Key to the genera of Xerophloeini  1a. Pronotum flat or only slightly humped in lateral view............................................................................................... 2
1b. Pronotum strongly arched forward or humped in lateral view.................................................................................... 3
 2a. Forewing with broad appendix, overall color green................................................................................... Xerophloea 2b. Forewing without broad appendix, overall color brown.................................................................................. Xedreota
 3a. Dorsum of crown nearly horizontal ............................................................................................................... Pariacaca
 3b. Dorsum of crown strongly declivous ............................................................................................................... Proranus
description: Published as part of Jones, Joshua R. & Deitz, Lewis L., 2009, Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186, pp. 1-120 in Zootaxa 2186 (1) on pages 60-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2186.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5311592
Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS). III. H2O masers tracing disk-winds and jets near luminous YSOs
Creators: name: Moscadelli, Luca
name: Sanna, Alberto
name: Goddi, Ciriaco
name: Krishnan, Vasaant
name: Massi, Fabrizio
name: Bacciotti, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goal of the Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS) survey is to image the disk-outflow interface on scales of 10-100 au in a statistically significant sample (36) of luminous young stellar objects (YSO), targeting both the molecular and ionized components of the outflows. The outflow kinematics is studied at milliarcsecond scales through VLBI observations of the 22 GHz water masers. We employed the JVLA at 6, 13, and 22 GHz in the A- and B-Array configurations to determine the spatial structure and the spectral index of the radio continuum emission. In about half of the targets, the water masers observed at separation <= 1000 au from the YSOs trace either or both of these kinematic structures: 1) a spatially elongated distribution oriented at close angle with the direction of collimation of the maser proper motions (PM), and 2) a linear LSR velocity (Vlsr) gradient across the YSO position. The kinematic structure (1) is readily interpreted in terms of a protostellar jet, as confirmed in some targets via the comparison with independent observations of the YSO jets, in thermal (continuum and line) emissions, reported in the literature. The kinematic structure (2) is interpreted in terms of a disk-wind (DW) seen almost edge-on on the basis of several pieces of evidence: first, it is invariably directed perpendicular to the YSO jet; second, it agrees in orientation and polarity with the Vlsr gradient in thermal emissions (when reported in the literature) identifying the YSO disk at scales of <= 1000~au; third, the PMs of the masers delineating the Vlsr gradients hint at flow motions at a speed of 10-20 km/s directed at large angles with the disk midplane. In the remaining targets, the maser PMs are not collimated but rather tend to align along two almost perpendicular directions, and could originate in DW-jet systems slightly inclined (<= 30 deg) with respect to edge-on.
description: 61 pages (Main: 13 pages, Appendix: 48 pages), 18 figures (5 + 13), 28 tables (1 + 27), accepted for publication in section 6. Interstellar and circumstellar matter of A&A
Support Recovery for Sparse Signals with Unknown Non-stationary Modulation
Creators: name: Xie, Youye
name: Wakin, Michael B.
name: Tang, Gongguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of estimating a sparse signal from low dimensional noisy observations arises in many applications, including super resolution, signal deconvolution, and radar imaging. In this paper, we consider a sparse signal model with non-stationary modulations, in which each dictionary atom contributing to the observations undergoes an unknown, distinct modulation. By applying the lifting technique, under the assumption that the modulating signals live in a common subspace, we recast this sparse recovery and non-stationary blind demodulation problem as the recovery of a column-wise sparse matrix from structured linear observations, and propose to solve it via block $\ell_{1}$-norm regularized quadratic minimization. Due to observation noise, the sparse signal and modulation process cannot be recovered exactly. Instead, we aim to recover the sparse support of the ground truth signal and bound the recovery errors of the signal's non-zero components and the modulation process. In particular, we derive sufficient conditions on the sample complexity and regularization parameter for exact support recovery and bound the recovery error on the support. Numerical simulations verify and support our theoretical findings, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in the application of single molecule imaging.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Understanding the role of health information in patients' experiences: secondary analysis of qualitative narrative interviews with people diagnosed with cancer in Germany
Creators: name: Blödt, Susanne
name: Kaiser, Maleen
name: Adam, Yvonne
name: Adami, Sandra
name: Schultze, Martin
name: Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline
name: Holmberg, Christine
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: cancer patients
subject: coping
subject: information needs
subject: narrative interviews
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective To analyse the role and meaning of health information in individuals' experiences with either breast, colorectal or prostate cancer in order to better understand unmet information needs of people with a cancer diagnosis. Design This is a secondary analysis of data from a qualitative interview study including narrative interviews and maximum variation sampling. A thematic analysis was conducted, followed by an in-depth analysis based on the principles of grounded theory. Setting Interviewees were sought across Germany through self-help organisations, primary care clinics, rehabilitation facilities, physicians and other healthcare professionals to develop cancer modules for the website kr ankheitserfahrungen.de (illness experiences.de). Participants Women with a diagnosis of breast cancer, individuals with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Results The meaning and role of information in the illness experiences were clearly associated with gaining control in a seemingly uncontrollable situation in which others people, the disease take over. Four categories characterise the ways in which information helped interviewees to regain a sense of control following a diagnosis of cancer: 'becoming confident in one's treatment decision', 'taking responsibility for one's situation', 'understanding the consequences of the disease and treatment for one's life', and 'dealing with fear'. There was, however, always a fine line between information seeking and becoming overwhelmed by information. Conclusions Information needs to be understood as a management tool for handling the disease and its (potential) consequences. Patients' unmet needs for information might not be easily solved by a simple increase in the amount of information because emotional support and respect for patient autonomy might also play a role. The evaluation of one's own information behaviour and the information received is closely linked to how the illness unfolds. This makes it challenging to document unmet information needs and satisfaction with information independent of an individual's illness trajectory over time.
Two patients with rare mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the rectum
Creators: name: Gül-Klein, Safak
name: Sinn, Marianne
name: Jurmeister, Philipp Sebastian
name: Biebl, Matthias
name: Weiß, Sascha
name: Rau, Beate
name: Bläker, Hendrik
name: Pratschke, Johann
name: Aigner, Felix
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma
subject: rectum
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract are until today poorly understood and thus very challenging for interdisciplinary therapy. We herewith report the first case series of patients with a primary mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum. Both cases were initially diagnosed as adenocarcinoma and only secondarily with mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma and had a poor outcome due to a rapid tumor progression and resistance to chemotherapy. A 65-year-old female presented with local tumor recurrence and hepatopulmonary metastasis 1 year after primary surgery for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and consecutive radiochemotherapy regimen. Fluorouracil (5-FU) was followed by bevacizumab- and capecitabine-based chemotherapy but had to be discontinued due to side effects and progressive disease. Progressive local pain syndrome accompanied by recurrent bleeding episodes led to a local tumor-debulking operation. Afterward, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma as the underlying diagnosis in the final histopathological examination was detected. The patient died 3 months after the operation in the context of a fulminant tumor progress. A 63-year-old male patient underwent neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and laparoscopic rectum resection. After 5 months, postoperative oxaliplatin/capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy was switched to carboplatin/etopsid due to a progressive polyneuropathy and biopsy-proven pulmonary metastasis. The patient then had to be switched to local radiation of cerebral metastases and Topotecan due to cerebral bleeding episodes but died 18 months after the initial diagnosis. In conclusion of our case series, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the rectum should be considered as a rare but aggressive tumor entity. An early and detailed histopathological diagnosis is required in order to establish an individual interdisciplinary treatment concept.
Tight-Binding Kondo Model and Spin-Exchange Collision Rate of Alkaline-Earth Atoms in a Mixed-Dimensional Optical Lattice
Creators: name: Zhang, Ren
name: Zhang, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two-body problem of the ultracold fermionic alkaline-earth (like) atoms in the electronic $^1$S$_0$ state ($g$-state) and $^3$P$_0$ state ($e$-state), which are confined in a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) tube. In addition, in the axial direction, the $g$-atom experience a 1D optical lattice and the $e$-atom is localized by a harmonic potential. In this work, we propose two appropriate tight-binding models, which are applicable for the cases that the odd-wave scattering between the $g$- and $e$-atom is negligible or not, respectively. We further give a microscopic derivation for the inter-atomic interaction parameters of these tight-binding models, by exactly calculating the low-energy inter-atomic scattering amplitude. Our results show that, as one can predict, these interaction parameters can be efficiently controlled by the confinement potentials. We further exam the simple "projection approximation" with which one derives the interaction parameters by directly projecting the 3D Huang-Yang pseudopotential on the ground state of the confinement and the lowest band of the optical lattice. We find that one should be very careful about determining the interaction parameters in the tight-binding models. Furthermore, we calculate the spin-exchanging rate, which dependents on the incident quasi-momentum $k$ of the $g$-atom, for the recent experiment (L. Riegger, {\it et. al.,} Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 120}, 143601 (2018)) of $^{173}$Yb atoms in this quasi-(1+0)D system, and study finite-momentum effect in this experiment. Our results show that in this system the finite-momentum effect of the $g$-atom is very significant, and the momentum of the $g$-atoms in this experiment may be pretty high (already in the second Brillouin zone of the optical lattice)
description: 17 pages,8 figures
The Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Agonist 3-lodothyronamine Induces Biased Signaling at the Serotonin 1 b Receptor
Creators: name: Bräunig, Julia
name: Dinter, Juliane
name: Höfig, Carolin S.
name: Paisdzior, Sarah
name: Szczepek, Michal
name: Scheerer, Patrick
name: Rosowski, Mark
name: Mittag, Jens
name: Kleinau, Gunnar
name: Biebermann, Heike
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)
subject: serotonin receptor lb (5-HT1b)
subject: 3-T1AM
subject: signal transduction
subject: biased signaling
subject: trace amines
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) belong to the class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and are evolutionary related to aminergic receptors. TAARs have been identified to mediate effects of trace amines. TAAR1 signaling is mainly mediated via activation of the G(s)/adenylyl cyclase pathway. In addition to classical trace amines, TAAR1 can also be activated by the thyroid hormone derivative 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM). Pharmacological doses of 3-T1AM induced metabolic and anapyrexic effects, which might be centrally mediated in the hypothalamus in rodents. However, the observed anapyrexic effect of 3-T1AM persists in Taar1 knock-out mice which raises the question whether further GPCRs are potential targets for 3-T1AM and mediate the observed physiological effect. Anapyrexia has been observed to be related to action on aminergic receptors such as the serotonin receptor 1b (5-HT1b). This receptor primarily activates the G(i/o) mediated pathway and PLC signaling through the G(beta gamma) of G(i/o). Since the expression profiles of TAAR1 and 5-HT1b overlap, we questioned whether 3-T1AM may activate 5-HT1b. Finally, we also evaluated heteromerization between these two GPCRs and tested signaling under co-expressed conditions. In this study, we showed, that 3-T1AM can induce G(i/o) signaling through 5-HT1b in a concentration of 10 mu M. Strikingly, at 5-HT1b the ligand 3-T1AM only activates the G(i/o) mediated reduction of cAMP accumulation, but not PLC activation. Co-stimulation of 5-HT1b by both ligands did not lead to additive or synergistic signaling effects. In addition, we confirmed the capacity for heteromerization between TAAR1 and 5-HT1b. Under co-expression of TAAR1 and HTR1b, 3-T1AM action is only mediated via TAAR1 and activation of 5-HT1b is abrogated. In conclusion, we found evidence for 5-HT1b as a new receptor target for 3-T1AM, albeit with a different signaling effect than the endogenous ligand. Altogether, this indicates a complex interrelation of signaling effects between the investigated GPCRs and respective ligands.
Collective Deceleration of Ultrarelativistic Nuclei and Creation of Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Mishustin, I. N.
name: Kapusta, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a unified space-time picture of baryon stopping and quark-gluon plasma creation in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. It is assumed that the highly Lorentz contracted nuclei are decelerated by the coherent color field which is formed between them after they pass through each other. This process continues until the field is neutralized by the Schwinger mechanism. Conservation of energy and momentum allow us to calculate the energy losses of the nuclear slabs and the initial energy density of the quark-gluon plasma.
description: 11 pages in revtex, 2 eps figures
Dimethyl Fumarate: A Review in Relapsing-Remitting MS
Creators: name: Blair, Hannah A.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine

description: Compliance with Ethical Standards Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
 Conflicts of interest Hannah Blair is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, is responsible for the article content and declares no relevant conflicts of interest.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.

AbstractDimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera®) is approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on evidence from the clinical trial and real-world settings, dimethyl fumarate is an effective treatment in this patient population, with benefits maintained over the longer term. In the pivotal, placebo-controlled phase III DEFINE and CONFIRM trials in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), twice-daily dimethyl fumarate reduced clinical relapse and MRI measures of disease activity and improved some aspects of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Reduced disability progression was also observed with dimethyl fumarate in DEFINE. Results in predominantly East Asian patients (APEX trial) were reflective of those seen in DEFINE and CONFIRM. Dimethyl fumarate had an acceptable tolerability profile. The most common adverse events were flushing and gastrointestinal events, which were of mild or moderate severity and appear to be largely manageable. Thus twice-daily dimethyl fumarate remains an effective treatment option for use in patients with RRMS, with the convenience of oral administration.© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Scott_Sheffield_SupTable1
Creators: name: Scott, Benjamin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 30406 Proteins and Peptides
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 100306 Industrial Molecular Engineering of Nucleic Acids and Proteins
subject: FOS: Industrial biotechnology
subject: 100403 Medical Molecular Engineering of Nucleic Acids and Proteins
subject: FOS: Medical biotechnology
subject: Biochemistry

description: Supplemental Table I: An Excel file containing a descriptive list of over 200 published engineered α1-AT variants. The list is non-exhaustive, meant to provide an overview of the diversity of α1-AT mutants published.
A crystal on decreasing factorizations in the $0$-Hecke monoid
Creators: name: Morse, Jennifer
name: Pan, Jianping
name: Poh, Wencin
name: Schilling, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05, 05E10 (Primary), 14N15, 20G42 (Secondary)

description: We introduce a type $A$ crystal structure on decreasing factorizations of fully-commutative elements in the 0-Hecke monoid which we call $\star$-crystal. This crystal is a $K$-theoretic generalization of the crystal on decreasing factorizations in the symmetric group of the first and last author. We prove that under the residue map the $\star$-crystal intertwines with the crystal on set-valued tableaux recently introduced by Monical, Pechenik and Scrimshaw. We also define a new insertion from decreasing factorization to pairs of semistandard Young tableaux and prove several properties, such as its relation to the Hecke insertion and the uncrowding algorithm. The new insertion also intertwines with the crystal operators.
description: 37 pages; in revision 1 Sections 3.1, 4.3 and 4.4 were updated; in revision 2 the phrase 321-avoiding is replaced by fully-commutative, typos are fixed, reference added
Photons from Quark Gluon Plasma and Hot Hadronic Matter
Creators: name: Alam, Jan-e
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The productions of real photons from quark gluon plasma and hot hadronic matter formed after the nucleus - nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies are discussed. The effects of the spectral shift of the hadrons at finite temperature on the production of photons are investigated. On the basis of the present analysis it is shown that the photon spectra measured by WA98 collaboration in Pb + Pb collisions at CERN SPS energies can be explained by both QGP as well as hadronic initial states if the spectral shift of hadrons at finite temperature is taken into account. Several other works on the analysis of WA98 photon data have also been briefly discussed.
description: Latex file, six eps figures included
A unified analytical theory of heteropolymers for sequence-specific phase behaviors of polyelectrolytes and polyampholytes
Creators: name: Lin, Yi-Hsuan
name: Brady, Jacob P.
name: Chan, Hue Sun
name: Ghosh, Kingshuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical chemistry of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of polymer solutions bears directly on the assembly of biologically functional droplet-like bodies from proteins and nucleic acids. These biomolecular condensates include certain extracellular materials, and intracellular compartments that are characterized as "membraneless organelles". Analytical theories are a valuable, computationally efficient tool for addressing general principles. LLPS of neutral homopolymers are quite well described by theory; but it has been a challenge to develop general theories for the LLPS of heteropolymers involving charge-charge interactions. Here we present a novel theory that combines a random-phase-approximation treatment of polymer density fluctuations and an account of intrachain conformational heterogeneity based upon renormalized Kuhn lengths to provide predictions of LLPS properties as a function of pH, salt, and charge patterning along the chain sequence. Advancing beyond more limited analytical approaches, our LLPS theory is applicable to a wide variety of charged sequences ranging from highly charged polyelectrolytes to neutral or nearly neutral polyampholytes. The new theory should be useful in high-throughput screening of protein and other sequences for their LLPS propensities and can serve as a basis for more comprehensive theories that incorporate non-electrostatic interactions. Experimental ramifications of our theory are discussed.
description: 48 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in The Journal of Chemical Physics
ICU mortality following ICU-acquired primary bloodstream infections according to the type of pathogen: A prospective cohort study in 937 Germany ICUs (2006-2015)
Creators: name: Schwab, Frank
name: Geffers, Christine
name: Behnke, Michael
name: Gastmeier, Petra
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: intensive care unit
subject: ICU mortality
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: Mortality due to intensive care unit (ICU) acquired primary blood stream infections (PBSI) is related primarily to patient co-morbidities, types of pathogens and quality of care. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of various types of pathogen on ICU mortality. Methods: Data from the German National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System of patients with PBSI from 2006 to 2015 was used for this analysis. A BSI is primary when the pathogen recognized is not related to an infection on another site. Only mono-microbial infections stratified into the 13 pathogens most frequently causing PBSI were considered. Univariate and multivariate risk factor analyses were performed using the following risk factors: Sex, age, length of stay, device use, time until onset of PBSI, type and size of hospital, type of ICU and type of pathogen. ICU mortality following S. aureus PBSI was used as the reference value. Results: A total of 4,556,360 patients with 16,978,882 patient days from 937 ICUs were considered in the analysis. Of 14,626 PBSI in total, 12,745 mono-microbial PBSI were included. The ICU mortality was 18.6%. Compared with S. aureus and adjusted by age, sex and type of ICU, S. maltophlfia was associated with significantly higher ICU mortality (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.19-2.47) as followed by Enterococci (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.06-1.36), Ecoli (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.02-1.49), C. albicans (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.16-1.61), non albicans Candida spp. (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.18-1.88) and P. aeruginosa (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.21-1.84). Coagulase negative Staphylococci were associated with significant lower ICU mortality (OR 0.86; 95% Cl 0.75-0.99). Conclusion: Because of the limitation of the study in adjusting for severity of illness and appropriateness of therapy, the differences between the pathogens may not only be explained by differences in virulence, but may reflect the prognosis after receiving the microbiological results and may therefore be useful for intensive care physicians.
Xedreota Kramer 1966
Creators: name: Jones, Joshua R.
name: Deitz, Lewis L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Xedreota

description: Genus Xedreota Kramer
(Pl. 4L, 10E, 12D, 17J, 19K)
 Xedreota Kramer, 1966: 495, figs. 70–73.
 Type species. Xerophloea tuberculata Osborn, 1938: 16, pl. 4, fig. 23, by original designation.
 Synonymy: None.
 Description: Kramer: “Moderately large (8–9.5 mm.) robust leafhoppers; head produced beyond eyes but not strongly so, anterior margin carinate, ocelli on crown anterior to eyes, closer to midline than to lateral margins; in lateral view face oblique with clypeus and clypellus clearly visible; in facial view with clypeus and clypellus rather flat, genae broad, lateral frontal sutures terminating below apex of head mesad of and beyond antennal bases, antennae of moderate length and development, located in the upper inner edge of a broad depression between eye and clypeus; pronotum about as wide as head, anterior margin rounded, posterior margin oblique laterally and indented mesally, carinate laterally; scutellum about as broad as long; forewings long, moderately broad, variably punctate, without extra crossveinlets apically, appendix absent; legs moderately stout with spines of metathoracic tibia less numerous than in usual leafhopper type; spinulation of metathoracic femur 2–1–1–1. Male genitalia, male unknown; female genitalia, seventh sternum longer than preceding segment and with ovipositors not extending much beyond pygofer.”
 Species. [1]: tuberculata (Osborn).
 Range: Brazil; Guyana.
 Host plants. Unknown.
 Material examined. X. tuberculata: 1 male, 3 females, Guiana, MNHN, JRJ _Led1_369–371, 373, 3 females, Guiana, USNM, JRJ _Led1_368, 372–373.
 Remarks. See comments under “Remarks” for the genus Tituria in the tribe Ledrini, above. Oman (1949) appears to have been the first to place Proranus (= Epiclines) in Xerophloeini.
Members of this genus are very robust and treehopper-like, and specimens are sometimes found with unsorted Membracidae in collections.
description: Published as part of Jones, Joshua R. & Deitz, Lewis L., 2009, Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186, pp. 1-120 in Zootaxa 2186 (1) on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2186.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5311592
Formal Topics in Inflation
Creators: name: Vardanyan, Tereza
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation can explain why our Universe is so flat, as well as homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, and it can give rise to the inhomogeneities observed in the CMB.
For inflation to accomplish all of this, only a limited number of assumptions about the potential of the inflaton field are necessary. In order to have a complete picture about the dynamics and the initial state of the Universe, we need to study correlation functions of the CMB inhomogeneities. The basic inflationary models predict that all of the higher-order correlation functions should be very much suppressed. Because of the limitations of the modern observational tools, only the power-spectrum of the scalar fluctuations has been detected so far. The first two topics of this thesis (chapter 2 and 3) concentrate on certain properties of two- and three-point correlation functions of the scalar fluctuations that arise in the basic single- field, slow-roll inflationary models. Both of these works are set up to include a general initial state that the system might have had, and not just the
traditional Bunch-Davies vacuum. Being able to treat general states is important, because even though current observations are consistent with the fluctuations being
initially in the Bunch-Davies state, it is possible that, having more precision, future observations might indicate the presence of small deviations from this state. The third topic (chapter 4) investigated here is more formal in the sense that we treat not the real curvature perturbations of the inflationary theories, but a toy model
of the massless scalar field with quartic interactions in the pure de Sitter background. We construct an eff ective theory of the long-wavelength part of the fi eld which allows
us to study the late-time behavior of this system. We show that at leading order this eff ective theory matches with the stochastic description. In future work we are going to use this formalism to treat fluctuations in real inflationary models.
Fractal dimension of critical curves in the $O(n)$-symmetric $ϕ^4$-model and crossover exponent at 6-loop order: Loop-erased random walks, self-avoiding walks, Ising, XY and Heisenberg models
Creators: name: Kompaniets, Mikhail
name: Wiese, Kay Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the fractal dimension $d_{\rm f}$ of critical curves in the $O(n)$ symmetric $(\vec ϕ^2)^2$-theory in $d=4-\varepsilon$ dimensions at 6-loop order. This gives the fractal dimension of loop-erased random walks at $n=-2$, self-avoiding walks ($n=0$), Ising lines $(n=1)$, and XY lines ($n=2$), in agreement with numerical simulations. It can be compared to the fractal dimension $d_{\rm f}^{\rm tot}$ of all lines, i.e. backbone plus the surrounding loops, identical to $d_{\rm f}^{\rm tot} = 1/ν$. The combination $ϕ_{\rm c}= d_{\rm f}/d_{\rm f}^{\rm tot} = νd_{\rm f}$ is the crossover exponent, describing a system with mass anisotropy. Introducing a novel self-consistent resummation procedure, and combining it with analytic results in $d=2$ allows us to give improved estimates in $d=3$ for all relevant exponents at 6-loop order.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables. v2 with additional explanations
A Semidefinite Programming Approach to Optimal Unambiguous Discrimination of Quantum States
Creators: name: Eldar, Yonina C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the problem of unambiguous discrimination between a set of linearly independent pure quantum states. We show that the design of the optimal measurement that minimizes the probability of an inconclusive result can be formulated as a semidefinite programming problem. Based on this formulation, we develop a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for an optimal quantum measurement. We show that the optimal measurement can be computed very efficiently in polynomial time by exploiting the many well-known algorithms for solving semidefinite programs, which are guaranteed to converge to the global optimum. Using the general conditions for optimality, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions so that the measurement that results in an equal probability of an inconclusive result for each one of the quantum states is optimal. We refer to this measurement as the equal-probability measurement (EPM). We then show that for any state set, the prior probabilities of the states can be chosen such that the EPM is optimal. Finally, we consider state sets with strong symmetry properties and equal prior probabilities for which the EPM is optimal. We first consider geometrically uniform state sets that are defined over a group of unitary matrices and are generated by a single generating vector. We then consider compound geometrically uniform state sets which are generated by a group of unitary matrices using multiple generating vectors, where the generating vectors satisfy a certain (weighted) norm constraint.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
"No-Scalar-Hair" Theorems for Nonminimally Coupled Fields with Quartic Self-Interaction
Creators: name: Ayón-Beato, Eloy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-gravitating scalar fields with nonminimal coupling to gravity and having a quartic self-interaction are considered in the domain of outer communications of a static black hole. It is shown that there is no value of the nonminimal coupling parameter $ζ$ for which nontrivial static black hole solutions exist. This result establishes the correctness of Bekenstein ``no-scalar-hair'' conjecture for quartic self-interactions.
description: 8 pages, RevTeX 4
Reconstruction of densities from Compton profiles with applying Jacobi polynomials
Creators: name: Kontrym-Sznajd, G.
name: Samsel, M.
name: West, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of synchrotron sources has led to an increasing availability of high resolution Compton Profiles J(pz) and a consequent renewed interest in the reconstruction of the corresponding full momentum densities rho(p). We present results of applying a new method in which the radial parts of rho(p) and the measured profiles are expressed in terms of Jacobi polynomials. The technique is demonstrated using model projections that correspond to Mg and Gd spectra. Reconstructed densities, being in very good agreement with model ones, are a very good performance of our new reconstruction algorithm.
Matter in a Warped and Oscillating Background
Creators: name: Collins, Hael
name: Holdom, Bob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the role of matter in an oscillating background with a warped, compact extra dimension. This background is compatible with an S^1/Z_2 orbifold structure which allows chiral fermions to be included in the scenario. When the background oscillates rapidly, the leading coupling of these oscillations is to gauge fields rather than fermions. If the decay of these oscillations were to occur today, it could provide an alternative mechanism for generating the ultra high energy cosmic rays.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, uses harvmac and pictex