cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Speckle illumination SFDI for projector-free optical property mapping
Creators: name: Chen, Mason T.
name: Papadakis, Melina
name: Durr, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging can map tissue scattering and absorption properties over a wide field of view, making it useful for clinical applications such as wound assessment and surgical guidance. This technique has previously required the projection of fully-characterized illumination patterns. Here, we show that random and unknown speckle illumination can be used to sample the modulation transfer function of tissues at known spatial frequencies, allowing the quantitative mapping of optical properties with simple laser diode illumination. We compute low- and high-spatial frequency response parameters from the local power spectral density for each pixel and use a look-up-table to accurately estimate absorption and scattering coefficients in tissue phantoms, in vivo human hand, and ex vivo swine esophagus. Because speckle patterns can be generated over a large depth of field and field of view with simple coherent illumination, this approach may enable optical property mapping in new form-factors and applications, including endoscopy.
Parallel Imports and Innovation in an Emerging Economy
Creators: name: Mantovani, Andrea
name: Naghavi, Alireza
name: Mantovani, Andrea
name: Naghavi, Alireza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Intellectual Property Rights
subject: Parallel Imports
subject: Innovation
subject: Trade Costs
subject: Welfare

description: This paper studies the consequences of parallel import (PI) on process innovation of firms heterogeneous in their production technology. In an international setting where foreign markets differ with respect to their intellectual property rights regime, a move by a technologically inferior firm to exploit a new unregulated market can result in imitation and PI. The impact of PI on innovation is determined by the degree of heterogeneity between firms and trade costs. Increasing trade costs shifts from the market share losses brought by PI from the more to the less productive firm. This induces the former to invest more in R&D. At this point, sales in the foreign market become a determinant of the R&D decision by the technologically inferior firm. For low levels of firm heterogeneity, PI increases output by this firm targeted for the unregulated market, hence increases its innovation efforts. A tariff policy accompanied by opening borders to PI only increases welfare when the technological gap between the two firms is sufficiently large.
The Impact of Food Commodity and Energy Costs on Retail Food Prices (PowerPoint)
Creators: name: Urbanchuk, John M.
name: Urbanchuk, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Research suggests that in the short run, the production, distribution, and consumption of ethanol will create about 20 percent fewer greenhouse-gas emissions than the equivalent processes for gasoline. In the long run, the result is less clear. If increases in the production of ethanol led to a large amount of forests or grasslands being converted into new cropland, those changes in land use could more than offset any reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions. This presentation will discuss both of these issues in the context of current economic and market conditions with an eye toward future impacts of alternative fuels.
YAM2: Yet another library for the $M_2$ variables using sequential quadratic programming
Creators: name: Park, Chan Beom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $M_2$ variables are devised to extend $M_{T2}$ by promoting transverse masses to Lorentz-invariant ones and making explicit use of on-shell mass relations. Unlike simple kinematic variables such as the invariant mass of visible particles, where the variable definitions directly provide how to calculate them, the calculation of the $M_2$ variables is undertaken by employing numerical algorithms. Essentially, the calculation of $M_2$ corresponds to solving a constrained minimization problem in mathematical optimization, and various numerical methods exist for the task. We find that the sequential quadratic programming method performs very well for the calculation of $M_2$, and its numerical performance is even better than the method implemented in the existing software package for $M_2$. As a consequence of our study, we have developed and released yet another software library, YAM2, for calculating the $M_2$ variables using several numerical algorithms.
description: 1+22 pages, 5 figures; matches published version; fixed title page for inspire record; The library is distributed via https://github.com/cbpark/YAM2
Outlook for U.S. Retail Food Prices and Inflation in 2010 (PowerPoint)
Creators: name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Environmental Economics and Policy
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: As food and energy commodity prices surged in late 2007 and most of 2008, there was a renewed interest in updated estimates of the impact of these increases on retail food prices. The drop in commodity prices (September 2008- March 2009) leads to the same set of questions in the opposite direction. This presentation uses regression analysis to estimate how much of the change in commodity costs is passed through to retail prices and, just as important, estimate the time lag between commodity price changes and retail price changes across a number of food groups. The presenter will then focus on the outlook for food prices in 2010 given the results of the analysis described above.
Doropygella Sars 1921
Creators: name: Kim, Il-Hoi
name: Boxshall, Geoff A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Copepoda
Cyclopoida
Notodelphyidae
Doropygella

description: Genus Doropygella Sars, 1921
Diagnosis. Body of female comprising cephalosome and 4-segmented metasome: fourth pedigeroussomite forming brood pouch, largely incorporating fifth pedigerous somite. Freeurosome 5-segmented in female, 6-segmented in male. Caudal ramus with 6 setae or mix of 2 setae and 4 spines. Antennule 9-segmented, typically with proximal 2 segments inflated. Antenna 4-segmented including coxa, basis, and 2-segmented endopod; exopod absent. Mandible consistingof coxa, basis, exopod and endopod; exopod armed with 5 setae and endopod with 4 and 10 setae on first and second segments, respectively. Maxillule armedwith 9 or 10 setae on arthrite, 1 on coxal endite, 2 on epipodite, and 4 each on basis and exopod; endopod 2-segmented with total of 6 or 7 setae. Maxilla bearing claw plus 2 setae on basis. Maxilliped 2- or (typically) 3-segmented with 9 or 10 setae in total; middle segment (when expressed) unarmed; distal segment with 3 (sometimes 2) setae. Legs 1–4 with 3-segmented rami; inner coxal setae absent. Armature formula for legs 1–4 typically as follows (but some setal elements on third endopodal segment of legs 2–4 transformed into spines in some species):
CoxaBasisExopodEndopodLeg 10-01-II-1; I-1; III, I, 40-1; 0-1; 1, 2, 3Leg 20-01-0I-1; I-1; II, II, 50-1; 0-2; 1, II, I+2Leg 30-01-0I-1; I-1; II, II, 40-1; 0-2; 1, II, I+2Leg 40-01-0I-1; I-1; I, II, 40-1; 0-2; 1, II, I+1
Leg 5 consisting of protopod typically fused to somite plus free exopodal segment armed with 2 (or 1) slender setal elements.
Type species. Doropygella thorelli (Aurivillius, 1882), by original monotypy.
Remarks. Sars (1921) established this genus to accommodate D. thorelli on the basis of “several peculiarities, both as regards the outward appearance of the body and the structure of some of the appendages”. Unfortunately, Sars did not specify the nature of the peculiarities which he regarded as of generic significance although the unsegmented condition of the mandibular exopod is diagnostic. Illg (1958) explored the distinction between Doropygella and Doropygus and recognized a lineage he referred to as “the thorelli-normani line”, which he considered represented a natural grouping. As a consequence, Illg (1958) transferred three species from Doropygus to Doropygella: D. normani (Brady, 1878), D. porcicauda (Brady, 1878), and D. psyllus (Thorell, 1859). Two new species have been added subseqently, D. hastalae Monniot, C., 1981 and D. spinicauda Monniot, C., 1961.Afurther two new species are described here and the type species is redescribed based on new material.
description: Published as part of Kim, Il-Hoi & Boxshall, Geoff A., 2020, Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata), pp. 1-6 in Megataxa 4 (1) on page 303, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.4.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4591138
Additive Noise Induces Front Propagation
Creators: name: Clerc, M. G.
name: Falcon, C.
name: Tirapegui, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation of a front connecting a stable homogeneous state with a stable periodic state in the presence of additive noise is studied. The mean velocity was computed both numerically and analitically. The numerics are in good agreement with the analitical prediction.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Matters of life and death in the neonatal intensive care unit : decision-making for the non-yet-competent
Creators: name: Albersheim, Susan Gail
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Neonatology is a branch of paediatrics dealing with extremely ill or premature babies, and the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is frequently the setting for life-and-death decisions. Society considers parents to be the proper persons to make those decisions for their babies, but in practice they seem to be allowed to do this only as long as they agree with medical recommendations; otherwise, the "best interest standard" is proposed. My objective is to evaluate decision-making in the NICU. Part I of this research, a descriptive study, compares decision-making by parents, doctors, and nurses when presented with hypothetical scenarios. Part II, through in-depth interviews, evaluates factors important to parents in making life-anddeath decisions. Part III, using structured interviews, explores the neonatologists' perceptions of the limits of parental decision-making authority. The results reveal that parents make different decisions from those of doctors and nurses. Parents have an equal commitment to intensive care (35-40%) with either mental or physical handicap. Doctors and nurses, on the other hand, have less commitment to intensive care with severe mental handicap (10%), but more commitment with physical handicap (90%). Religious commitment and experience with handicap influence decisions by parents, but not by doctors and nurses. The right of parents to decide for their baby and the interests of the family are also more important for parents than for doctors and nurses. For parents, furthermore, the important factors are an honest, caring, transparent relationship with good communication with their neonatologist; being fully informed; their values and beliefs; their roles and their sense of loss of control; and emotional turmoil. Of these interrelated factors, the most important is the relationship between parents and doctors. For parents, quality of life considerations are individual. For all study participants, the interests of the baby are most important. According to neonatologists, parents are the appropriate decision-makers, but within limits. It is concluded that not only do parents make different decisions.from those of doctors and nurses, but that several concerns in the decision-making process in our NICU require urgent attention.
Organics and Sustainability: Improving Information on Organics (PowerPoint)
Creators: name: Sheats, Michael E.
name: Sheats, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Market News began publishing information on organic products in 2004. This speaker will describe what information is currently being published on organic commodity prices and market trends, and describe additional reports being developed in response to market requests.
Need, Greed and Noise: Competing Strategies in a Trading Model
Creators: name: Donangelo, R.
name: Hansen, A.
name: Sneppen, K.
name: Souza, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study an economic model where agents trade a variety of products by using one of three competing rules: "need", "greed" and "noise". We find that the optimal strategy for any agent depends on both product composition in the overall market and composition of strategies in the market. In particular, a strategy that does best on pairwise competition may easily do much worse when all are present, leading, in some cases, to a "paper, stone, scissors" circular hierarchy.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Second-order nonlinear optical and linear UV-VIS absorption properties of type-II multiferroic candidates RbFe(AO4)2 (A = Mo, Se, S)
Creators: name: Owen, Rachel
name: Drueke, Elizabeth
name: Albunio, Charlotte
name: Kaczmarek, Austin
name: Jin, Wencan
name: Obeysekera, Dimuthu
name: Cheong, Sang-Wook
name: Yang, Junjie
name: Cundiff, Steven
name: Zhao, Liuyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the search for type-II multiferroics, we present a comprehensive optical study of a complex oxide family of type-II multiferroic candidates: RbFe(MoO4)2, RbFe(SeO4)2, and RbFe(SO4)2. We employ rotational-anisotropy second harmonic generation spectroscopy (RA SHG), a technique sensitive to point symmetries, to address discrepancies in literature-assigned point/space groups and to identify the correct crystal structures. At room temperature we find that our RA SHG patterns rotate away from the crystal axes in RbFe(AO4)2 (A = Se, S), which identifies the lack of mirror symmetry and in-plane two-fold rotational symmetry. Also, the SHG efficiency of RbFe(SeO4)2 is two orders of magnitude stronger than RbFe(AO4)2 (A = Mo, S), which suggests broken inversion symmetry. Additionally, we present temperature-dependent linear optical characterizations near the band edge of this family of materials using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectroscopy. Included is experimental evidence of the band gap energy and band gap transition type for this family. Previously unreported sub-band gap absorption is also presented, which reveals prominent optical transitions, some with an unusual central energy temperature dependence. Furthermore, we find that by substituting the A-site in RbFe(AO4)2 (A = Mo, Se, S), the aforementioned transitions are spectrally tunable. Finally, we discuss the potential origin and impact of these tunable transitions.
description: 22 pages total: 12 pages of main text, 3 pages of appendix, 1 page of references, 6 pages of figures. 7 figures total: 4 figures in the main body, 3 figures in the appendix. All figure and figure captions are listed at the end of the manuscript
Improving Information on Organics: Information Needs from a Producer’s Perspective (PowerPoint)
Creators: name: Strochlic, Ron
name: Strochlic, Ron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Farm Management

description: While consumers often pay a premium for organic products, many producers feel they do not receive adequate payment for additional costs of meeting organic certification standards. This speaker will discuss how increased information can assist producers in increasing the farm gate price for goods.
DETERMINANTS OF INTENSITY OF SOYBEAN COMMERCIALIZATION AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN BUTERE, KENYA
Creators: name: GACHUHI, Martha Wanjiru
name: OWUOR, George
name: GATHUNGU, Edith
name: GACHUHI, Martha Wanjiru
name: OWUOR, George
name: GATHUNGU, Edith
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: soybean
subject: intensity
subject: commercialization
subject: double hurdle model

description: Research background: Soybean commercialization plays a vital role in enhancing the livelihoods, and income of small-scale farmers. Despite the government efforts to boost agricultural commercialization in Kenya, the intensity of soybean commercialization in the Butere Sub-County has remained low for unknown reasons. Purpose of the article: This study investigates factors influencing the intensity of soybean commercialization in Butere Sub-county with an aim of recommending policies for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the soybean commercialization process to improve rural livelihoods as well as realize major economic goals. Methods: A sample of 201 smallholder soybean farmers was selected using a multistage sampling procedure. Face to face interviews using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and a double hurdle regression model. Findings & Value added: The results revealed a relatively low soybean commercialization level (56.72 %) among soybean-producing households in the study area with schooling years, the number of extension contacts, and total land size under soybean production positively and significantly influencing soybean commercialization decisions. Similarly, schooling years, the number of extension contacts, and total land size under soybean production positively and significantly determined the intensity of soybean commercialization. The study, therefore, recommends equitable access to agricultural resources by all gender, the creation of exclusive land ownership rights, and the structuring and strengthening of the extension system.
description: doi: 10.15414/raae.2021.24.02.101-111; https://roaae.org/issue/review-of-agricultural-and-applied-economics-raae-vol-24-no-2-2021/?article=determinants-of-intensity-of-soybean-commercialization-among-smallholder-farmers-in-butere-kenya
The North Carolina Farm to School Program (PowerPoint)
Creators: name: Fleetwood, Tommy
name: Fleetwood, Tommy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Fleetwood will discuss the North Carolina Farm-to-School Cooperative, created in 2008. The co-op’s 30 farmer-members supply 12 commodities – ranging from strawberries to sweet potatoes – to 67 school districts in North Carolina.
The Creation of the Federal Commitment to Soil Conservation: Hugh Bennett’s Campaign, the Depression, and the Dust Bowl (PowerPoint)
Creators: name: Helms, Douglas
name: Helms, Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This presentation will discuss the influences of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl on the origins and development of the Soil Conservation Service.
Flare-induced fountains and buried flares in AGN
Creators: name: Czerny, B.
name: Goosmann, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the local physical changes at the surface of an AGN accretion disk after the onset of a magnetic flare. The X-ray irradiation by a flare creates a hot spot at the disk surface where the plasma both heats up and expands in the vertical direction in order to regain the hydrostatic equilibrium. Assuming that the magnetic loop causing the flare is anchored deeply within the disk interior, we derive analytical estimates for the vertical dimension H_hot and the optical depth tau_es of the heated atmosphere as a function of the position within the spot. We perform computations for various values of the accretion rate dm/dt, the fraction f_cor of radiation dissipated within the disk corona, and the covering factor f_cover of the disk surface with flare-illuminated patches. It turns out that generally we can distinguish three characteristic radial zones within the disk showing a qualitatively different behavior of the heated material. In the innermost regions of the disk (inner zone) the expansion of the disk material is restricted by strong gravitational forces. Further out, the flare source, initially above the disk, soon becomes embedded by the expanding disk atmosphere. At these intermediate disk radii (middle zone) the material is optically thick thus greatly modifying the observed radiation by multiple Compton scattering. We show exemplary spectra models obtained from Monte Carlo simulations illustrating the trends. In the outermost regions of the disk (outer zone) the expanding material is optically thin and its influence on the observed spectra is smaller but pressure gradients in radial directions should cause the development of a fountain-like dynamical structure around the flare source. We discuss the observational consequences of our results.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF IRISH POTATO PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY FROM NIGERIA
Creators: name: GULAK, Dominic Midawa
name: OBI-EGBEDI, Ogheneruemu
name: GULAK, Dominic Midawa
name: OBI-EGBEDI, Ogheneruemu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Irish potato
subject: farmers
subject: technical efficiency
subject: returns to scale
subject: SFA

description: Research background: Irish-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the main root crops in Nigeria with the potential to improve food security, income and human nutrition. However, farmers are losing outputs due to inefficiency in resource use, whereas, past studies on Irish potato in Nigeria have not focussed on efficiency of the enterprise. Purpose of the article: This study is aimed at measuring technical efficiency to provide a way of quantifying and comparing the performance of each farmer, and identification of factors responsible for variation in technical efficiency. Hence, technical efficiency, and its determinants and returns to scale of Irish-potato farmers were analysed Methods: Primary data was collected from 260 Irish potato farmers using a structured questionnaire through a multi-stage sampling method. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation and percentages) and a two-stage estimation procedure to fit the stochastic frontier production function for Irish potato farmers were used. Findings & value added: Results indicated that the farmers have a mean age of 48 years which indicates an agile workforce. Over 80% of the farmers possessed some form of formal education, predominantly at the secondary level. The efficiency estimates indicated a disparity in technical efficiency among farmers with a mean technical efficiency of 89±4%. The farmers were producing at decreasing returns to scale. At the same time, socio-economic factors of gender, extension contact, membership in cooperative society and farming experience were positive determinants of farmers’ technical efficiency, while household size was negative. Thus, being a male farmer, farming experience, encouraging contact between farmers and extension workers as well as membership in cooperative societies, while reducing household size can improve technical efficiency in Irish potato production.
description: doi: 10.15414/raae.2021.24.02.112-120; https://roaae.org/issue/review-of-agricultural-and-applied-economics-raae-vol-24-no-2-2021/?article=technical-efficiency-of-irish-potato-production-a-case-study-from-nigeria
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-04-14)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Additional file 2 of Development of a consensus statement on the role of the family in the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours of children and youth
Creators: name: Rhodes, Ryan E.
name: Guerrero, Michelle D.
name: Vanderloo, Leigh M.
name: Kheana Barbeau
name: Birken, Catherine S.
name: Jean-Philippe Chaput
name: Faulkner, Guy
name: Janssen, Ian
name: Madigan, Sheri
name: Mâsse, Louise C.
name: Tara-Leigh McHugh
name: Perdew, Megan
name: Stone, Kelly
name: Shelley, Jacob
name: Spinks, Nora
name: Tamminen, Katherine A.
name: Tomasone, Jennifer R.
name: Ward, Helen
name: Welsh, Frank
name: Tremblay, Mark S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Table S1 (docx). Inclusion and exclusion criteria for systematic literature searches on family and the physical activity (review #1), sedentary (review #2), and sleep (review #3) behaviours of children and youth.
Room‐temperature‐stable diazoalkenes by diazo transfer from azides: pyridine‐derived diazoalkenes
Creators: name: Reitz, Justus
name: Antoni, Patrick W.
name: Holstein, Julian J.
name: Hansmann, Max M.
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Diazoalkenes
subject: Reactive intermediates
subject: Diazo compounds
subject: Vinylidenes
subject: Nitrogen heterocycles
subject: 540

description: Recently, stable diazoalkenes have received significant attention as a new substance class in organic chemistry. While their previous synthetic access was exclusively limited to the activation of nitrous oxide, we here establish a much more general synthetic approach utilizing a Regitz-type diazo transfer with azides. Importantly, this approach is also applicable to weakly polarized olefins such as 2-pyridine olefins. The new pyridine diazoalkenes are not accessible by the activation of nitrous oxide, allowing for a considerable extension of the scope of this only recently accessed functional group. The new diazoalkene class has properties distinct from the previously reported classes, such as photochemically triggered loss of dinitrogen affording cumulenes and not C−H insertion products. Pyridine-derived diazoalkenes represent the so far least polarized stable diazoalkene class reported.
description: Angewandte Chemie / International edition; 62(19)
Transient energy growth in the ageostrophic Eady model
Creators: name: Zemskova, Varvara E.
name: Passaggia, Pierre-Yves
name: White, Brian L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of optimal initial disturbances in thermal wind shear is revisited and extended to include non-hydrostatic effects. This systematic study compares transient and modal growth rates of submesoscale instabilities over a large range of zonal and meridional wave numbers, aspect ratios, and different Richardson number regimes. Selection criteria were derived to remove spurious and unresolved instability modes that arise from the eigenvalue problem and we generalize the study of the hydrostatic Eady problem by Heifetz and Farrell (2003, 2007, 2008) to thin fronts, characterized by large aspect ratios. Such fronts are commonly found at the early stages of frontogenesis, for example, in the ocean mesoscale eddies and near the eye wall of hurricanes. In particular, we show that transient energy growth rates are up to two orders of magnitude larger than modal counterparts for a wide range of Richardson number and that the effects of transient energy gain become even greater when non-hydrostatic effects become important and/or for large Richardson numbers. This study also compares the dominant energy pathways contributing to the energy growth at short and long times. For symmetric modes, we recover the inertia-gravity instability described in Xu et al. (2007). These mechanisms are shown to be the most powerful mediator of vertical transport when compared with the fastest growing baroclinic and symmetric modes. These results highlight the importance of transient processes in the ocean and the atmosphere.
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-04-15)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Additional file 2 of Strategies to measure and improve emergency department performance: a scoping review
Creators: name: Austin, Elizabeth E.
name: Brette Blakely
name: Catalin Tufanaru
name: Selwood, Amanda
name: Braithwaite, Jeffrey
name: Clay-Williams, Robyn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table 1. Characteristics of the included reviews on ED performance measures.
Spin-flip Raman scattering on electrons and holes in two-dimensional (PEA)2PbI4 perovskites
Creators: name: Harkort, Carolin
name: Kudlacik, Dennis
name: Kopteva, Natalia E.
name: Yakovlev, Dmitri R.
name: Karzel, Marek
name: Kirstein, Erik
name: Hordiichuk, Oleh
name: Kovalenko, Maksym V.
name: Bayer, Manfred
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 2D perovskites
subject: dynamic nuclear polarization, g-factor
subject: hyperfine interaction
subject: spin-flip Raman scattering
subject: spintronics
subject: 530

description: The class of Ruddlesden–Popper type (PEA)2PbI4 perovskites comprises 2D structures whose optical properties are determined by excitons with a large binding energy of about 260 meV. It complements the family of other 2D semiconductor materials by having the band structure typical for lead halide perovskites, that can be considered as inverted compared to conventional III–V and II–VI semiconductors. Accordingly, novel spin phenomena can be expected for them. Spin-flip Raman scattering is used here to measure the Zeeman splitting of electrons and holes in a magnetic field up to 10 T. From the recorded data, the electron and hole Landé factors (g-factors) are evaluated, their signs are determined, and their anisotropies are measured. The electron g-factor value changes from +2.11 out-of-plane to +2.50 in-plane, while the hole g-factor ranges between -0.13 and -0.51. The spin flips of the resident carriers are arranged via their interaction with photogenerated excitons. Also the double spin-flip process, where a resident electron and a resident hole interact with the same exciton, is observed showing a cumulative Raman shift. Dynamic nuclear spin polarization induced by spin-polarized holes is detected in corresponding changes of the hole Zeeman splitting. An Overhauser field of the polarized nuclei acting on the holes as large as 0.6 T can be achieved.
description: Small; 19(32)
Signatures of Dynamical Tunneling in the Wave function of a Soft-Walled Open Microwave Billiard
Creators: name: Kim, Y. -H.
name: Kuhl, U.
name: Stockmann, H. -J.
name: Bird, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence for dynamical tunneling is observed in studies of the transmission, and wave functions, of a soft-walled microwave cavity resonator. In contrast to previous work, we identify the conditions for dynamical tunneling by monitoring the evolution of the wave function phase as a function of energy, which allows us to detect the tunneling process even under conditions where its expected level splitting remains irresolvable.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Evolutionary Simplicial Learning as a Generative and Compact Sparse Framework for Classification
Creators: name: Oktar, Yigit
name: Turkan, Mehmet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dictionary learning for sparse representations has been successful in many reconstruction tasks. Simplicial learning is an adaptation of dictionary learning, where subspaces become clipped and acquire arbitrary offsets, taking the form of simplices. Such adaptation is achieved through additional constraints on sparse codes. Furthermore, an evolutionary approach can be chosen to determine the number and the dimensionality of simplices composing the simplicial, in which most generative and compact simplicials are favored. This paper proposes an evolutionary simplicial learning method as a generative and compact sparse framework for classification. The proposed approach is first applied on a one-class classification task and it appears as the most reliable method within the considered benchmark. Most surprising results are observed when evolutionary simplicial learning is considered within a multi-class classification task. Since sparse representations are generative in nature, they bear a fundamental problem of not being capable of distinguishing two classes lying on the same subspace. This claim is validated through synthetic experiments and superiority of simplicial learning even as a generative-only approach is demonstrated. Simplicial learning loses its superiority over discriminative methods in high-dimensional cases but can further be modified with discriminative elements to achieve state-of-the-art performance in classification tasks.
Additional file 3 of Strategies to measure and improve emergency department performance: a scoping review
Creators: name: Austin, Elizabeth E.
name: Brette Blakely
name: Catalin Tufanaru
name: Selwood, Amanda
name: Braithwaite, Jeffrey
name: Clay-Williams, Robyn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table 2. Characteristics of the included reviews on interventions to improve ED performance.
Equicontinuous mappings on finite trees
Creators: name: Acosta, Gerardo
name: Fernández-Bretón, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 54A20, 54D80, 54H15, 54H20. Secondary 54C05, 54D05, 54D30, 54E45, 54F15

description: If $X$ is a finite tree and $f \colon X \longrightarrow X$ is a map, as the Main Theorem of this paper we find eight conditions, each of which is equivalent to the fact that $f$ is equicontinuous. To name just a few of the results obtained: the equicontinuity of $f$ is equivalent to the fact that there is no arc $A \subseteq X$ satisfying $A \subsetneq f^n[A]$ for some $n\in \mathbb{N}$. It is also equivalent to the fact that for some nonprincial ultrafilter $u$, the function $f^u \colon X \longrightarrow X$ is continuous (in other words, failure of equicontinuity of $f$ is equivalent to the failure of continuity of $every$ element of the Ellis remainder $g\in E(X,f)^*$). One of the tools used in the proofs is the Ramsey-theoretic result known as Hindman's theorem. Our results generalize the ones shown by Vidal-Escobar and García-Ferreira, and complement those of Bruckner and Ceder, Mai, and Camargo, Rincón and Uzcátegui.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures; minor typos corrected from the previous version
Additional file 1 of Development of a consensus statement on the role of the family in the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours of children and youth
Creators: name: Rhodes, Ryan E.
name: Guerrero, Michelle D.
name: Vanderloo, Leigh M.
name: Kheana Barbeau
name: Birken, Catherine S.
name: Jean-Philippe Chaput
name: Faulkner, Guy
name: Janssen, Ian
name: Madigan, Sheri
name: Mâsse, Louise C.
name: Tara-Leigh McHugh
name: Perdew, Megan
name: Stone, Kelly
name: Shelley, Jacob
name: Spinks, Nora
name: Tamminen, Katherine A.
name: Tomasone, Jennifer R.
name: Ward, Helen
name: Welsh, Frank
name: Tremblay, Mark S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 Survey (PDF file of on-line survey). Full survey questions used to solicit assessments and comments from stakeholders on the draft Consensus Statement.
A Eurocode‐compliant design approach for cold‐formed steel sections
Creators: name: Ungermann, Dieter
name: Lemański, Tim
name: Brune, Bettina
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cold-formed steel sections
subject: stability
subject: EN 1993-1-3
subject: Direct Strength Method (DSM)
subject: 690

description: A Eurocode-compliant design approach was developed for the design of thin-walled cold-formed steel sections which combines the AISI S100-16-Direct Strength Method (DSM) with the design provisions of EN 1993-1-3. The new design approach transfers the cross-sectional resistance determined acc. to DSM based on numerical elastic buckling analyses on the gross cross-section into the global member verification acc. to EN 1993-1-3. Additional factors were introduced to optimize the new approach, e.g., to account for the effects of the nonlinear stress distribution in cross-sections subject to local and/or distortional buckling. Within the framework of the German research project FOSTA P1328/IGF 19964, an extensive series of tests on differently shaped, perforated, and unperforated cold-formed sections in compression and bending were conducted which serve to analyze the buckling phenomena and the load-bearing capacity and to validate the new design approach. In addition, a numerical model was developed, calibrated to the tests, and used for further parametric analyses on the load-bearing capacity of cold-formed sections.
description: Steel construction; 16(2)
A magyar zöldség-gyümölcs kisárutermelők nagy láncoknak történő értékesítési lehetőségei
Creators: name: Seres, Antal
name: Szabo, Marton
name: Seres, Antal
name: Szabo, Marton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: koncentráció
subject: nagy kereskedelmi láncok
subject: beszállítás
subject: kisárutermelők
subject: zöldség-gyümölcs
subject: concentration
subject: large retail chains
subject: supply
subject: small farmers
subject: fruit and vegetables

description: A multinacionális láncoknál a közvetlen kisárutermelői beszállítóknak a speciális „réspiaci” termékeknél, illetve a nagy termelők között szabadon hagyott piaci réseken van mozgáslehetőségük. E termékek kivételével a közvetlen kisárutermelői beszállításoknak nincs jövője, mert elaprózott kínálattal nagy számban nem léphetnek be a beszállítói körbe. Hatékonysági követelmények miatt előbb-utóbb a hazai láncoknál is erősödik a beszerzés koncentrációja, és ez itt is csökkenti a közvetlenül beszállító kisárutermelők ma még lényegesen nagyobb lehetőségeit. A nagy üzletláncok üzletpolitikája olyan követelményeket támaszt, amelyeket a kisárutermelők a réspiaci termékek kivételével külön-külön nem tudnak teljesíteni. Ezért közös termeltető és értékesítő szervezeteket kellene létrehozniuk, vagy csatlakozniuk kellene a már működő nagyobb beszállítókhoz, TÉSZ-ekhez. Az innováció tekintetében a legnagyobb probléma a gyenge tanulási hajlandóság. Nehézkesek a kisárutermelők, nehezen szánják rá magukat a változtatásra A beszállítás növeléséhez meg kellene változtatniuk alapállásukat, hozzáállásukat, fokozni kellene tanulási és változtatási készségüket. ----------------------------------------- The opportunities of small growers as direct suppliers to multinational retail chains are limited to special niche products and gaps left open by large producers. With the exception of these products, small farmers cannot viably supply products to these buyers, as their offer is fragmented, preventing most of them from becoming a supplier. Sooner or later, focus on efficiency will cause Hungarian retail chains to also consolidate their purchasing operations. This will cut back on the opportunities for small farmers to supply them directly with their goods, even though there are significantly more such opportunities available to them at the present time. The policies followed by large retail chains include requirements which small farmers cannot meet, except for niche markets. They should therefore set up producer groups or join existing larger suppliers or producer groups. The greatest obstacle to innovation is the reluctance to learn. Small producers are cumbersome and unwilling to initiate changes. To increase their participation as a supplier, they need to review their attitude and approach, and get ready to embrace change and new information.
Automata, Groups, Limit Spaces, and Tilings
Creators: name: Bartholdi, Laurent
name: Henriques, Andre G.
name: Nekrashevych, Volodymyr V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E08; 37B10

description: We explore the connections between automata, groups, limit spaces of self-similar actions, and tilings. In particular, we show how a group acting ``nicely'' on a tree gives rise to a self-covering of a topological groupoid, and how the group can be reconstructed from the groupoid and its covering. The connection is via finite-state automata. These define decomposition rules, or self-similar tilings, on leaves of the solenoid associated with the covering.
description: to appear in J. Algebra
Stress-energy of the quantized fields in the spacetime of the Damour-Solodukhin wormhole
Creators: name: Matyjasek, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The static traversable wormhole should made out of some type of exotic matter which satisfies the Morris-Thorne conditions. Although the characteristic size of the region with the exotic matter can be made arbitrary small, the calculations performed so far suggest that the Morris-Thorne conditions are quite restrictive and it is hard to find matter with the desired properties. Traditionally, the quantized fields are considered as the best candidates because they can violate the weak-energy condition. In this paper we employ the Schwinger-DeWitt expansion to construct and examine the approximate stress-energy tensor of the quantized massive scalar (with an arbitrary curvature coupling), spinor and vector field in the spacetime of the Damour-Solodukhin wormhole. We find that for the scalar field there is a region in a parameter space in which the stress-energy tensor has the desired properties. That means that of the twenty-one cases considered so far (the seven types of the wormhole geometries and the three types of the massive fields) only in the four cases (for certain values of the parameters) the stress-energy tensor does satisfy the Morris-Thorne conditions.
Rationalizing the optimization of detergents for membrane protein purification
Creators: name: Urner, Leonhard H.
name: Junge, Florian
name: Fiorentino, Francesco
name: El-Baba, Tarick J.
name: Shutin, Denis
name: Nölte, Gideon
name: Haag, Rainer
name: Robinson, Carol V.
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: detergent
subject: HLB
subject: lipid
subject: membrane
subject: protein
subject: 570
subject: 540

description: Membrane protein purification by means of detergents is key to isolating membrane-bound therapeutic targets. The role of the detergent structure in this process, however, is not well understood. Detergents are optimized empirically, leading to failed preparations, and thereby raising costs. Here we evaluate the utility of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) concept, which was introduced by Griffin in 1949, for guiding the optimization of the hydrophobic tail in first-generation, dendritic oligoglycerol detergents ([G1] OGDs). Our findings deliver qualitative HLB guidelines for rationalizing the optimization of detergents. Moreover, [G1] OGDs exhibit strongly delipidating properties, regardless of the structure of the hydrophobic tail, which delivers a methodological enabling step for investigating binding strengths of endogenous lipids and their role for membrane protein oligomerization. Our findings will facilitate the analysis of challenging drug targets in the future.
description: Chemistry - a European journal; 29(30)