cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Africa’s Food and Nutrition Security Situation: Where Are We and How Did We Get Here?
Creators: name: Benson, Todd
name: Benson, Todd
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Efforts and initiatives to combat hunger and malnutrition in Africa are gaining momentum at all levels—local, national, continental, and international. To design and implement effective strategies for action, it is vital that we have a clear understanding of the problems and options. In this 2020 discussion paper, Todd Benson reviews the extent of food and nutrition insecurity across Africa. He assesses recent patterns and trends, exploring where significant progress has occurred, or not, and why. The differences between food and nutrition security, and how they are linked, are clarified. Benson examines the key direct and indirect determinants and consequences of food and nutrition insecurity in the African context and offers a menu of actions and strategies. Lack of access to and availability of food—the key factors behind food insecurity—remain central concerns in Africa. When food insecurity interacts with health and care problems it translates into nutrition insecurity. HIV/AIDS is an important issue in that context. This comprehensive paper gives prominent attention to the oft-neglected issue of nutrition security. Reflecting emerging Africa-wide initiatives, the paper takes a continental perspective, which should be helpful for strategic consideration by the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and the African Union. This paper was commissioned for the IFPRI 2020 Africa Conference on “Assuring Food and Nutrition Security in Africa by 2020: Prioritizing Actions, Strengthening Actors, and Facilitating Partnerships,” held in Kampala, Uganda on April 1–3, 2004. There, it served to illuminate the discussions on why Africa has not yet achieved food and nutrition security and what needs to be done. I am sure this paper can influence the dialogues and indeed actions being undertaken to end hunger and malnutrition in Africa.
Prospects for India’s Cereal Supply and Demand to 2020
Creators: name: Bhalla, G.S.
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Kerr, John M.
name: Bhalla, G.S.
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Kerr, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Food Security and Poverty

description: IFPRI’s “2020 Vision Initiative for Food Agriculture, and the Environment” is intended to develop a shared vision on how to meet future world food needs while reducing poverty and protecting the environment. It brings together divergent schools of thought on these issues, working on the principle that divergent views can generate a constructive dialogue that will ultimately lead to a consensus for action. The current paper on projected supply and demand for cereals in India, and the possibility of an emerging cereal gap of serious proportions by the year 2020, is a useful illustration of the kind of constructive dialogue IFPRI hopes to encourage. It responds to several quite recent developments, notably the rapid expansion of India’s industrial and service sectors since the 1991 structural reforms, the improved prospects for continued growth over the next few decades, and the likelihood of rising per capita incomes that could generate substantially increased demand for livestock products. As demand for livestock products grows, livestock production could increasingly depend on cereals for feed—perhaps as much as 50 million tons by 2020, according to G.S. Bhalla, Peter Hazell, and John Kerr, authors of this 2020 discussion paper on Prospects for Balancing Cereal Needs in India to 2020. These conclusions differ some what from other IFPRI studies, which have generally found that growth in demand for livestock products will be lower than the current study. This divergence of views is a useful signal to policymakers to pay careful attention to trends in demand for livestock products in India in the coming years. Not withstanding these differences in modeling assumptions and projections, this study and the rest of IFPRI’s 2020 research have consistently pointed to the vital link between agricultural policies and prospects for production growth in the next two decades. If a cereal gap does develop by 2020, improved agricultural policies will give India’s farmers an opportunity to respond to growing demand and fill the gap through greater domestic production. Increased domestic cereal and livestock production is also a way to generate greater employment and income in rural India, which still contains about three fourths of India’s population; to restore the stalled momentum to alleviate poverty in rural areas; to improve food security at the national and household level; and to use growing rural prosperity to stimulate demand for India’s industrial and service sectors. Such policies can help alleviate the most crucial gap of all—the growing gap in incomes, wealth, and opportunity between India’s rural and urban areas.
Sequence-to-sequence models for workload interference
Creators: name: Prats, David Buchaca
name: Marcual, Joan
name: Berral, Josep Lluís
name: Carrera, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Co-scheduling of jobs in data-centers is a challenging scenario, where jobs can compete for resources yielding to severe slowdowns or failed executions. Efficient job placement on environments where resources are shared requires awareness on how jobs interfere during execution, to go far beyond ineffective resource overbooking techniques. Current techniques, most of them already involving machine learning and job modeling, are based on workload behavior summarization across time, instead of focusing on effective job requirements at each instant of the execution. In this work we propose a methodology for modeling co-scheduling of jobs on data-centers, based on their behavior towards resources and execution time, using sequence-to-sequence models based on recurrent neural networks. The goal is to forecast co-executed jobs footprint on resources along their execution time, from the profile shown by the individual jobs, to enhance resource managers and schedulers placement decisions. The methods here presented are validated using High Performance Computing benchmarks based on different frameworks (like Hadoop and Spark) and applications (CPU bound, IO bound, machine learning, SQL queries...). Experiments show that the model can correctly identify the resource usage trends from previously seen and even unseen co-scheduled jobs.
description: artially funded by European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 639595) - HiEST Project
Can an Industry Voluntary Agreement on Food Traceability Minimize the Cost of Food Safety Incidents?
Creators: name: McEvoy, David M.
name: Souza Monteiro, Diogo M.
name: McEvoy, David M.
name: Souza Monteiro, Diogo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Traceability
subject: voluntary agreements
subject: food safety

description: In the recent past the United States has had a number of severe food-safety outbreaks in the produce, vegetable and beef industry that greatly disrupted the food system. In all these outbreaks here were severe disruptions on sales that affected the whole industry, and it took an extended period of time to correctly locate the source of the outbreak. Traceability can be an effective tool to reduce the impact of food safety incidents my expediting the search for the origin of outbreaks. This paper investigates to what extent an industry-led voluntary agreement for providing traceability can reduce the cost of a food-safety outbreak. We find that a voluntary agreement on traceability can successfully reduce the cost of a food-safety outbreak but will unlikely achieve the optimal social level of traceability because of significant free riding.
Additional file 1 of Examining the relationship between maternal body size, gestational glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery and ethnicity on human milk microbiota at three months post-partum
Creators: name: LeMay-Nedjelski, Lauren
name: Butcher, James
name: Ley, Sylvia H.
name: Asbury, Michelle R.
name: Hanley, Anthony J.
name: Kiss, Alex
name: Unger, Sharon
name: Copeland, Julia K.
name: Wang, Pauline W.
name: Zinman, Bernard
name: Stintzi, Alain
name: O’Connor, Deborah L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. 16S rRNA studies examining the association of maternal body mass index (BMI) and mode of delivery on the milk microbiota of women delivering healthy term-born infants. Note: Only studies in which mature milk was collected between 1 week - 6 months post-partum and BMI and mode of delivery were investigated were included to more accurately compare with our own findings.
Exploring cross-cultural planning literacy : knowledge considerations for planning with First Nations
Creators: name: Cook, R. Jeffrey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Under debate is how 'outside' planners can best work with different cultures to ensure inclusion and participation. It is evident why in general planners need to expand their understanding of different cultures if they are to work with them effectively and appropriately, but not enough empirical research has been undertaken on what planners find they need to know in the specific context of working with First Nations. On the basis of a literature review and the author's own extensive experience with First Nations, seven areas of knowledge (themes) were identified as likely to be relevant to outside planners working with First Nations. These seven knowledge themes guided interviews with nine planners who were asked which of these kinds of knowledge they found useful when working with First Nations in western and northern Canada, and Alaska, particularly when facilitating participatory planning. The first six identified themes concern knowledge of First Nations' value and traditional knowledge systems; authority relations; social organization; communication processes; participation processes; and capacity for planning. The seventh theme is knowledge about effective methods that planners can employ to facilitate participatory relationships with First Nations communities and individuals. The findings from the interviews add to our understanding of what outside planners need to consider when they work with First Nations. The findings are particularly instructive in the theme areas of First Nations' communication and participation processes, and in the area of planner practice. It was also found that while the seven areas of knowledge are relevant to planners at all stages of working with First Nations, they are particularly important when planners and First Nations begin their planning relationship, when planners first enter a community, and when planners are helping communities to develop their planning processes. Research is now needed on what First Nations' individuals themselves think planners should know if they are to be effective in promoting culturally appropriate, inclusive, and participatory planning in First Nations settings.
A chemical study of carbon fractionation in external galaxies
Creators: name: Viti, Serena
name: Fontani, Francesco
name: Jimenez-Serra, Izaskun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the interstellar medium carbon exists in the form of two stable isotopes $^{12}$C and $^{13}$C and their ratio is a good indicator of nucleosynthesis in galaxies. However, chemical fractionation can potentially significantly alter this ratio and in fact observations of carbon fractionation within the same galaxy has been found to vary from species to species. In this paper we theoretically investigate the carbon fractionation for selected abundant carbon-bearing species in order to determine the conditions that may lead to a spread of the $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratio in external galaxies. We find that carbon fractionation is sensitive to almost all the physical conditions we investigated, it strongly varies with time for all species but CO, and shows pronounced differences across species. Finally we discuss our theoretical results in the context of the few observations of the $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratio in both local and higher redshift galaxies.
description: MNRAS, in press
On the X-ray emission of z~2 radio galaxies: IC scattering of the CMB & no evidence for fully-formed potential wells
Creators: name: Overzier, R. A.
name: Harris, D. E.
name: Carilli, C. L.
name: Pentericci, L.
name: Rottgering, H. J. A.
name: Miley, G. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of 20 ksec Chandra observations for each of 5 radio galaxies in the redshift range 2.0 < z < 2.6. For 4 of the 5 targets we detect unresolved X-ray components coincident with the radio nuclei. From spectral analysis of one of the cores and comparison to the empirical radio to X-ray luminosity ratio correlation, we find that obscuring material (n(HI)~10^22 cm^-2) may be surrounding the nuclei. We detect X-ray emission coincident with the radio hotspots or lobes in 4 of the 5 targets, which can be explained by Inverse-Compton (IC) scattering of CMB photons. The magnetic field strengths of ~100-200 muG that we derive agree with the equipartition magnetic field strengths. The relative ease with which the lobe X-ray emission is detected is a consequence of the (1+z)^4 increase in the energy density of the CMB. An HST image of one of the sources shows that the X-ray emission could also be produced by a reservoir of hot, shocked gas, as evidenced by a bright, optical bow-shock. By stacking our data we created a deep, 100 ksec exposure to search for diffuse X-ray emission from intra-cluster gas. We detect no diffuse emission and derive upper limits of ~1e+44 erg/s, thereby ruling out a virialized structure of cluster-size scale at z~2. The average number of soft X-ray sources in our fields is consistent with the number density of AGN in the Chandra Deep Fields. Their angular distribution shows no evidence for large-scale structure associated with the radio galaxies.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures (3 color figs), 6 tables, Accepted for Publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Branching fractions and CP asymmetries in B --> h+ h'-
Creators: name: Punzi, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relative branching fractions of Bd,Bs --> h+ h'- decays (where h,h'= K or pi) and direct CP asymmetry in Bd --> K+ pi- have been measured with 180 pb-1 of data collected by the CDFII detector at the Tevatron collider. This includes the first BR measurement of a charmless Bs-->PP decay (Bs --> K+K-).
description: To appear in the proceedings of 32nd International Conference on High-Energy Physics (ICHEP 04), Beijing, China, 16-22 Aug 2004. 5 pages, 2 figures, minor typo fix
A Symmetry-induced Model of Elliptical Galaxy Patterns
Creators: name: He, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sérsic (1968) generalized the de Vaucouleurs law which follows the projected (observed) one dimensional radial profile of elliptical galaxies closely and Dehnen (1993) proposed an analytical formula of the 3-dimensional light distributions whose projected line profile resembles the de Vaucouleurs law. This paper is involved to recover the Dehnen model and generalize the model to account for galaxy elliptical shapes by means of curvilinear coordinate systems and employing a symmetry principle. The symmetry principle maps an orthogonal coordinate system to a light distribution pattern. The coordinate system for elliptical galaxy patterns turns out to be the one which is formed by the complex-plane reciprocal transformation $Z=1/W$. The resulting spatial (3-dimensional) light distribution is spherically symmetric and has infinite gradient at its centre, which is called spherical-nucleus solution and is used to model galaxy central area. We can make changes of the coordinate system by cutting out some column areas of its definition domain, the areas containing the galaxy centre. The resulting spatial (3-dimensional) light distributions are axisymmetric or triaxial and have zero gradient at the centre, which are called elliptical-shape solutions and are used to model global elliptical patterns. The two types of logarithmic light distributions are added together to model full elliptical galaxy patterns. The model is a generalization of the Dehnen model. One of the elliptical-shape solutions permits realistic numerical calculation and is fitted to all R-band elliptical images from the Frei {\it et al.}(1996)'s galaxy sample. The fitting is satisfactory. This suggests that elliptical galaxy patterns can be represented in terms of a few basic parameters.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Probing shock acceleration in BL Lac jets through X-ray polarimetry: the time-dependent view
Creators: name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Landoni, M.
name: Sironi, L.
name: Coppi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarimetric measurements, especially if extended at high energy, are expected to provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the acceleration of relativistic particles in jets. In a previous work we have shown that the polarization of the synchrotron X-ray emission produced by highly energetic electrons accelerated by a mildly relativistic shock carries essential imprints of the geometry and the structure of the magnetic fields in the downstream region. Here we present the extension of our analysis to the non-stationary case, especially suitable to model the highly variable emission of high-energy emitting BL Lacs. We anticipate a large ($Π\approx 40\%$), almost time-independent degree of polarization in the hard/medium X-ray band, a prediction soon testable with the upcoming mission {\it IXPE}. The situation in other bands, in particular in the optical, is more complex. A monotonic decrease of the optical degree of polarization is observed during the development of a flare. At later stages $Π$ reaches zero and then it starts to increase, recovering large values at late times. The instant at which $Π=0$ is marked by a rotation of the polarization angle by $90$ degrees. However, at optical frequencies it is likely that more than one region contributes to the observed emission, potentially making it difficult to detect the predicted behavior.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS
Poisson kernel and Green function of the ball in real hyperbolic spaces
Creators: name: Byczkowski, T.
name: Malecki, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J65, 60J60

description: Let $(X_t)_{t\geq0}$ be the $n$-dimensional hyperbolic Brownian motion, that is the diffusion on the real hyperbolic space $\D^n$ having the Laplace-Beltrami operator as its generator. The aim of the paper is to derive the formulas for the Gegenbauer transform of the Poisson kernel and the Green function of the ball for the process $(X_t)_{t\geq0}$. Under some additional hypotheses we give the formulas for the Poisson kernel itself. In particular, we provide formulas in $\D^4$ and $\D^6$ spaces for the Poisson kernel and the Green function as well.
High-energy soliton fission dynamics in multimode GRIN fiber
Creators: name: Zitelli, Mario
name: Mangini, Fabio
name: Ferraro, Mario
name: Niang, Alioune
name: Kharenko, Denis
name: Wabnitz, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of high-energy soliton fission is experimentally and numerically investigated in a graded-index multimode fiber. Fission dynamics is analyzed by comparing numerical observations and simulations. A novel regime is observed, where solitons produced by the fission have a nearly constant Raman wavelength shift and same pulse width over a wide range of soliton energies.
The Role of Trade Credit in the Spanish Agrogood Industry
Creators: name: Alarcón, Silverio
name: Alarcón, Silverio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: trade credit
subject: agrofood industry
subject: firm panel data

description: Trade credit is an important way of firm financing. Its habitual practice and the excessive enlargement of the payment periods deteriorate profitability of firms and even could affect the performance of the financial system. In spite of the relevance of this issue there are few empirical researches with Spanish firms. This work intends to fill this gap and to shed light on the factors related to the extension of trade credit in a set firms of the agrofood industry. In the theoretic and empirical literature different motives have been proposed to explain the extension of trade credit: a mechanism to reduce transaction costs, a financial alternative to the bank system and an additional tool to improve commercial activities. To contrast these ideas a panel of 388 firms for the period 1998-2005 has been taken, and static and dynamic regression models have been estimated by using robust methods to heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation and endogeneity of the explanatory variables. The results confirm that trade credit receivable is associated with more active firms and with cheaper bank financing. Furthermore, a negative link with the size of the firm and a positive relationship with short-term liabilities, accounts payable and bank debts, are encountered. These findings are consistent with commercial perspectives, rather than a pure financial view, in the sense that small and financial distressed producers extend trade credit as a way of promoting products and increasing sales.
Impact of Supermarket Procurement System on Farmers' Credit Access
Creators: name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Veyssiere, Luc
name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Veyssiere, Luc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Standards
subject: Organization of Production
subject: Supermarket

description: In developing countries, modern production contracts offered by supermarkets or agro-export firms entail a loan component under the form of input advances. Like traditional moneylenders, supermarkets want to make sure that this investment is not diverted. However, unlike moneylenders, supermarkets do care about the attributes of the product (form, quality, food safety, etc.). Whether such attributes are present in the harvested product is largely influenced by the advice and the extension services received by the farmer. We built a financial contracting model where we show that supermarkets, choosing to forgo specialization, optimally delegate to a multi-tasking agent both the monitoring and the advisory missions. This contract is shown to potentially enhance credit access for small farmers and sometimes to involve excessive monitoring.
The Variable Coefficient Hele-Shaw Problem, Integrability and Quadrature Identities
Creators: name: Loutsenko, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 30E25, 35J10, 35Q40, 37K10, 76D27

description: The theory of quadrature domains for harmonic functions and the Hele-Shaw problem of the fluid dynamics are related subjects of the complex variables and mathematical physics. We present results generalizing the above subjects for elliptic PDEs with variable coefficients emerging in a class of the free-boundary problems for viscous flows in non-homogeneous media. Such flows posses an infinite number of conservation laws, whose special cases may be viewed as quadrature identities for solutions of variable-coefficient elliptic PDEs. If such PDEs are gauge equivalent to the Laplace equation (gauge-trivial case), a time-dependent conformal map technique, employed for description of the quadrature domains, leads to differential equations, known as "string" constraints in the theory of integrable systems. Although analogs of the string constraints have non-local forms for gauge-non-trivial equations, it is still possible to construct the quadrature domains explicitly, if the elliptic operator belongs to a class of the Calogero-Moser Hamiltonians.
Two dialects for KZB equations: generating one-loop open-string integrals
Creators: name: Broedel, Johannes
name: Kaderli, André
name: Schlotterer, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Two different constructions generating the low-energy expansion of genus-one configuration-space integrals appearing in one-loop open-string amplitudes have been put forward in \rcites{Mafra:2019xms, *Mafra:2019ddf, Broedel:2019gba}. We are going to show that both approaches can be traced back to an elliptic system of Knizhnik--Zamolodchikov--Bernard(KZB) type on the twice-punctured torus. We derive an explicit all-multiplicity representation of the elliptic KZB system for a vector of iterated integrals with an extra marked point and explore compatibility conditions for the two sets of algebra generators appearing in the two differential equations.
description: 54 pages, several appendices, corrected typos, updated references
Double Sided Moral Hazard and Share Contracts in agriculture
Creators: name: Fernandez-Olmos, Marta
name: Rosell-Martinez, Jorge
name: Espitia-Escuer, Manuel Antonio
name: Fernandez-Olmos, Marta
name: Rosell-Martinez, Jorge
name: Espitia-Escuer, Manuel Antonio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: share-contract
subject: double moral-hazard
subject: quality

description: This paper develops a double-sided moral hazard model of share contract in agriculture, with imperfect quality measurement by the agent and the principal, who contribute to the final good quality in terms of production effort and marketing effort respectively. Using this model, we analyse the implications of the share contract for quantity and quality, often ignored in previous analysis. With the help of a simulation exercise, we prove that the outcome-conditioned share generally weakens the agent´s incentive to make effort in quality input. This finding could explain the contractual evidence in some differentiated markets such as the wine market, where bottle-price conditioned contracts are rarely used.
Induced characters of the projective general linear group over a finite field
Creators: name: Henderson, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G40 (Primary) 20C15 (Secondary)

description: Using a general result of Lusztig, we find the decomposition into irreducibles of certain induced characters of the projective general linear group over a finite field of odd characteristic.
description: 17 pages
The role of chromatin state in intron retention: a case study in leveraging large scale deep learning models
Creators: name: Daoud, Ahmed
name: Ben-Hur, Asa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This repository provides code and experiments to demonstrate the value of foundation models of chromatin state for accurate prediction of human introns that are subject to intron retention (IR)

 

Ahmed Daoud, and Asa Ben-Hur. "The role of chromatin state in intron retention: a case study in leveraging large scale deep learning models." bioRxiv (2024): 2024-01. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.26.577402v2.full
Measuring the Impacts of Food Safety Regulations: A Methodological Review
Creators: name: Ragona, Maddalena
name: Mazzocchi, Mario
name: Ragona, Maddalena
name: Mazzocchi, Mario
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: impact assessment
subject: food safety regulation
subject: quantitative methods

description: Together with a call for more effective and efficient regulations in the EU, there is a growing demand for transparency in the evaluation methods used to assess their effects. This paper proposes a classification of the impacts that food safety regulations can produce and discusses the quantitative methods that are used in the literature to measure those impacts. Along with the strengths and limitations of each methodological approach, this review highlights other transversal issues relevant when developing assessment strategies, like the unbalance between ex-ante and ex-post evaluation, the lack of adequate data, the difficulty of estimating the dynamic effects of regulations, and the possibility of endogenous relationships.
Context-dependent selection of visuomotor maps
Creators: name: Salinas, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Behavior results from the integration of ongoing sensory signals and contextual information in various forms, such as past experience, expectations, current goals, etc. Thus, the response to a specific stimulus, say the ringing of a doorbell, varies depending on whether you are at home or in someone else's house. What is the neural basis of this flexibility? What mechanism is capable of selecting, in a context-dependent way, an adequate response to a given stimulus? One possibility is based on a nonlinear neural representation in which context information regulates the gain of stimulus-evoked responses. Here I explore the properties of this mechanism. By means of three hypothetical visuomotor tasks, I study a class of neural network models in which any one of several possible stimulus-response maps or rules can be selected according to context. The underlying mechanism based on gain modulation has three key features: (1) modulating the sensory responses is equivalent to switching on or off different subpopulations of neurons, (2) context does not need to be represented continuously, although this is advantageous for generalization, and (3) context-dependent selection is independent of the discriminability of the stimuli. In all cases, the contextual cues can quickly turn on or off a sensory-motor map, effectively changing the functional connectivity between inputs and outputs in the networks. The model predicts that sensory responses that are nonlinearly modulated by arbitrary context signals should be found in behavioral situations that involve choosing or switching between multiple sensory-motor maps.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. Article available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/5/47
title: The Influence of Hydrogen on Radiation Damage Features in Zirconium Alloys
title: The Influence of Heavy Ion irradiation on Hydride Precipitation in Low-Sn ZIRLO
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Green, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Poster from the MIDAS 2024 Annual Meeting detailiing pre-irradiation characterisation of hydrides in hydrogen-charged Low-Sn ZIRLO.
Remarks on the interpolation method
Creators: name: Boccagna, Roberto
name: Gabrielli, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a generalization of the conditions of validity of the interpolation method for the density of quenched free energy of mean field spin glasses. The condition is written just in terms of the $L^2$ metric structure of the Gaussian random variables. As an example of application we deduce the existence of the thermodynamic limit for a GREM model with infinite branches for which the classic conditions of validity fail.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Topological Structure of a Vortex in Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State
Creators: name: Mizushima, T.
name: Machida, K.
name: Ichioka, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find theoretically that the vortex core in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state is quite different from the ordinary core by a simple topological reason. The intersection point of a vortex and nodal plane of the FFLO state empties the excess spins. This leads to observable consequences in the spatial structure of the spontaneous magnetization. We analyze this topological structure based on the low lying excitation spectrum by solving microscopic Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation to clarify its physical origin.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Minimum Quality Standards and brand development in agrifood chains
Creators: name: Giraud-Heraud, Eric
name: Grazia, Cristina
name: Hammoudi, Abdelhakim
name: Giraud-Heraud, Eric
name: Grazia, Cristina
name: Hammoudi, Abdelhakim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Minimum Quality Standard
subject: brand
subject: vertical relationship

description: This paper develops an original framework to better understand the interaction between the development of brands and the quality of raw materials. We consider different levels of consumer trust for a brand and we examine the incentive for firms to improve the quality of a processed product by requiring that upstream suppliers adopt a private standard. In contrast to previous literature, the incentive for firms to develop a more stringent private standard may increase with the level of the regulated minimum quality standard. Moreover, the creation of a private standard can reduce the risk of consumer dissatisfaction while increasing the marketed quantity. Unexpected positive effects of a reinforcement of the minimum quality standard may arise, in the sense that both market access for upstream producers and consumer surplus are improved and final price may decrease with respect to simply complying with the regulation.
Forms of stability and instability in Schoenberg’s String Trio, op. 45
Creators: name: De Vito, Joy Evangeline
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: It has long been acknowledged that Schoenberg's compositions, while exploring the new resources of twelve-tone music, are strongly influenced by, and indeed reflect, traditional approaches to composition. However, many have found it difficult to ascribe to the String Trio elements of a traditional compositional style. The piece is instead heard as a series of contrasting musical ideas that are juxtaposed with one another. This paper will show that while the "surface" of the Trio has elements of discontinuity there persist several unifying factors. The String Trio is shown to be structured around a contrast between stability and instability, these two poles being associated with different characteristic features. Stable passages are typified by a balanced construction or determinate formal process, a stable metre (or predictable metric change), continuity in serial derivation, and processes of retrograde and inversion. By contrast, unstable passages generally feature many different musical ideas, metric complexity and ambivalent phrase structure. These unstable passages often lead away from, or towards, the stable passages through the gradual processes of liquidation and transition and lessen the sense of juxtaposition between contrasting musical ideas. In addition, the process I will call developing liquidation allows the characteristics of a musical idea to be developed at the same time that the previously established stable musical idea is being liquidated. The formal types of stability and instability will be explored through analyses of individual passages in the String Trio. It will be shown that passages characterized by stability are structured in a similar manner throughout the Trio, and that unstable passages also share their own common structural shapes. This makes it possible to distinguish between the stable and unstable forms and also creates elements of cohesion in the Trio.
How to Investigate the Historical Roots and Evolution of Research Fields in China? A Case Study on iMetrics Using RootCite
Creators: name: Li, Xin
name: Yao, Qiang
name: Tang, Xuli
name: Li, Qian
name: Wu, Mengjia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper aimed to provide an approach to investigate the historical roots and evolution of research fields in China by extending the reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS). RootCite, an open source software accepts raw data from both the Web of Science and the China Social Science Citation Index (CSSCI), was developed using python. We took iMetrics in China as the research case. 5,141 Chinese iMetrics related publications with 73,376 non-distinct cited references (CR) collected from the CSSCI were analyzed using RootCite. The results showed that the first CR in the field can be dated back to 1882 and written in English; but the majority (64.2%) of the CR in the field were Chinese publications. 17 peaks referring to 18 seminal works (13 in English and 5 in Chinese) were located during the period from 1900 to 2017. The field shared the same roots with that in the English world but has its own characteristics, and it was then shaped by contributions from both the English world and China. The five Chinese works have played irreplaceable and positive roles in the historical evolutionary path of the field, which should not be ignored, especially for the evolution of the field. This research demonstrated how RootCite aided the task of identifying the origin and evolution of research fields in China, which could be valuable for extending RPYS for countries with other languages.
description: 19 pages,9 figures
Consitutional Rules and Agricultural Policy Outcomes
Creators: name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Raimondi, Valentina
name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Raimondi, Valentina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Constitutional Rules
subject: Agricultural Protection
subject: Differences-in-differences estimation

description: The analysis deals with the effect of constitutional rules on agricultural policy outcomes in a panel of 74 developing and developed countries, observed in the 1955-2005 period. Testable hypotheses are drawn from recent develop in comparative politics that see political institutions as key elements in shaping public policies. We focus the attention on the effect of both broad political reforms – reforms in (and out of) democracy – and on narrow details of democracy, such as electoral rules and forms of government. Using differences-in-differences estimation we find a positive effect of a transition into democracy on agricultural protection. However, the average effect masks substantial heterogeneities across different forms of democracy. Transitions into parliamentary and, especially, proportional democracy – as opposed to presidential and majoritarian – appear to produce the most increase in agricultural protection and support.
Measurement of |V_ub| near the endpoint of the electron momentum spectrum from semileptonic B-meson decays
Creators: name: The Belle Collaboration
name: Limosani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of partial branching fractions of inclusive charmless semileptonic $B$-meson decays at the endpoint of the electron momentum spectrum. The measurements are made in six overlapping momentum intervals that have lower bounds ranging from 1.9 GeV/$c$ to 2.4 GeV/$c$ and a common upper bound of 2.6 GeV/$c$, as measured in the centre of mass frame. The results are based on a sample of 29 million $B\bar{B}$ pairs, accumulated by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric $e^+e^-$ collider operating on the $Υ(4S)$ resonance. In the momentum interval ranging from 1.9 GeV/$c$ to 2.6 GeV/$c$ we measure the partial branching fraction $Δ\mathcal{B}(B\to X_u e ν_e)=(8.47 \pm 0.37 \pm 1.53)\times 10^{-4}$, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. A prediction of the partial rate $R=(21.69 \pm 3.62^{+ 2.18}_{- 1.98}) |V_{ub}|^2 \mathrm{ps}^{-1}$ in this momentum interval based on theory is calculated with input HQET parameters that have been derived from Belle's measurement of the $B\to X_sγ$ photon energy spectrum, where the first error is due to the uncertainty on HQET parameters and the second error is from theory. Using both $Δ\mathcal{B}(B\to X_u e ν_e)$ and $R$ we find $|V_{ub}|=(5.08 \pm 0.47 \pm 0.42^{+ 0.26}_{- 0.23})\times 10^{-3}$, where the first error is from the partial branching fraction, and the second and third errors are from uncertainties in $R$.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables and to appear in Physics Letters B
LIVE HOG AND PORK IMPORTS: PAST AND PROJECTED CONSEQUENCES FOR THE U.S. PORK SECTOR
Creators: name: Brandt, Jon A.
name: Young, Robert E.
name: Alam, Shamsul
name: Womack, Abner W.
name: Brandt, Jon A.
name: Young, Robert E.
name: Alam, Shamsul
name: Womack, Abner W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The U.S. pork sector is modeled to simulate the effects of alternative import levels on prices, production, consumption, farm receipts, and consumer expenditures. Over the 1983-1985 period, producers annually received $600 million less due to increasing imports than if imports had remained at the 1979-1982 average. Farm prices and slaughter were lower by $2.21 per hundredweight and .1 million head annually, respectively. Four simulations reflecting alternative import paths over the period 1986-1992 were examined. With lower imports (relative to current levels), production and farm prices rise significantly in the long run; consumers purchase less and pay more.
Strangeness contribution to the vector and axial form factors of the nucleon
Creators: name: Pate, S. F.
name: MacLachlan, G. A.
name: McKee, D. W.
name: Papavassiliou, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strangeness contribution to the vector and axial form factors of the nucleon is presented for momentum transfers in the range $0.45
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, will appear in AIP Conference Proceedings for PANIC 2005
Additional file 4 of Evaluation of the performance of algorithms mapping EORTC QLQ-C30 onto the EQ-5D index in a metastatic colorectal cancer cost-effectiveness model
Creators: name: Franken, Mira D.
name: Hond, Anne De
name: Degeling, Koen
name: Punt, Cornelis J. A.
name: Koopman, Miriam
name: Groot, Carin A. Uyl-De
name: Versteegh, Matthijs M.
name: Oijen, Martijn G. H. Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 4: Figure 2. Predicted EQ-5D-3L utility versus the observed utility for a) the RE model with QLQ-C30 domain scores (preferred model 1); b) the RE model with continuous QLQ-C30 questions (model 2); c) the RE model with QLQ-C30 dummy questions (model 3); d) the ordered logit model on the EQ-5D-3L domains (model 4); e) beta regerssion (model 5) and; f) the separate equations subgroup approach (model 6). Figure 3. Prediction error (observed – predicted EQ-5D-3L uility) for a) the RE model with QLQ-C30 domain scores (preferred model 1); b) the RE model with continuous QLQ-C30 questions (model 2); c) the RE model with QLQ-C30 dummy questions (model 3); d) the ordered logit model on the EQ-5D-3L domains (model 4); e) beta regerssion(model 5) and; f) the separate equations subgroup approach (model 6).
Pourquoi et comment versionner son code avec Git, le partager sur GitHub/GitLab et l'archiver dans Software Heritage
Creators: name: Poulain, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Tuto@Mate #61

https://mate-shs.cnrs.fr/actions/tutomate/tuto61_git_poulain/

Git est un gestionnaire de versions, c’est-à-dire un logiciel que va conserver l’historique des modifications que vous apportez à vos scripts (ou à n’importe quel document au format texte). GitHub et GitLab sont des plateformes collaboratives de partage de code. Enfin, Software Heritage est l’archive universelle des codes sources logiciels.

Dans ce tuto, Pierre Poulain explique pourquoi et comment il utilise ces outils et plateformes au quotidien. Il illustrera ses propos avec des cas concrets tirés de son activité d’enseignant-chercheur.

Pierre Poulain est maître de conférences en bioinformatique à l’Université Paris Cité. Pour ses activités de recherche, il s’intéresse à la réutilisation des données de simulations de dynamique moléculaire dans un contexte de science ouverte. Très impliqué en pédagogie, il enseigne la programmation Python et l’analyse de données par des méthodes dites innovantes. Pierre fait également partie du groupe de travail e-formation de l’Institut Français de Bioinformatique. Enfin, il est aussi membre du bureau de la Société Française de Bioinformatique et ambassadeur de l’archive universelle des codes sources logiciels Software Heritage.
Additional file 3 of Evaluation of the performance of algorithms mapping EORTC QLQ-C30 onto the EQ-5D index in a metastatic colorectal cancer cost-effectiveness model
Creators: name: Franken, Mira D.
name: Hond, Anne De
name: Degeling, Koen
name: Punt, Cornelis J. A.
name: Koopman, Miriam
name: Groot, Carin A. Uyl-De
name: Versteegh, Matthijs M.
name: Oijen, Martijn G. H. Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 3. Patient characteristics for concurently collected EQ-5D and partially incomplete QLQ-C30 questionnaires for which functional scale scores could still be calcuated.