cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Statistical hadron-gas treatment of systems created in proton-proton interactions at CERN SPS
Creators: name: Begun, V. V.
name: Vovchenko, V.
name: Gorenstein, M. I.
name: Stoecker, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the newest data from the NA61/SHINE collaboration which, in addition to previous results on pions and kaons, include mean multiplicities of $p$, $Λ$, and $ϕ$-mesons produced in inelastic proton-proton (p+p) interactions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=6.3-17.3$~GeV. The canonical ensemble formulation of the ideal hadron resonance gas (HRG) model is used with exact conservation of net baryon number $B=2$, electric charge $Q=2$, and strangeness $S=0$. The chemical freeze-out parameters in p+p interactions are obtained and compared to those in central nucleus-nucleus collisions. Several features of p+p interactions at the CERN SPS within a statistical model are studied: 1) the inclusion of the $ϕ$-meson yields in thermal fits worsens significantly the fit quality; 2) the data show large event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in inelastic p+p interactions which can not be explained by a single fireball described by a statistical model; 3) the fits within the canonical ensemble formulation of HRG do not give any improvement over the fits within the grand canonical ensemble formulation, i.e., there are no indications for existence of a single statistical system in p+p inelastic interactions in the considered energy range.
description: 5 figures, 4 tables
AI in multispectral image analysis: Implementing a deep learning model for the segmentation of common thermal urban features to assist in the automation of infrastructure-related maintenance
Creators: name: Vollmer, Elena
name: Klug, Leon
name: Volk, Rebekka
name: Schultmann, Frank
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2024
Subjects: Deep Learning
Multi-Class Semantic Segmentation
Autonomous Monitoring
Remote Sensing
Thermography
Multispectral Imagery

description: Thermography has proven to be a powerful tool in infrastructure-related maintenance, such as building inspections, industrial applications, and the detection of anomalous occurrences like fires, gas, or heating pipeline leakages. Meanwhile, technological advancements in unmanned aerial flight have paved the way for automating multi-spectral image acquisition for these applications.

As a powerful and versatile data handling tool, AI offers the means for the consequent analysis of such RGB-T data. Both machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models have been shown to perform well in classifying different kinds of aerial spectral images to various ends, such as city information modeling, thermal bridge detection or tree classification. However, these studies mostly use satellite or vehicle-based data acquired at daytime, which – owing to high overall temperatures – reduces the usefulness of the information provided by the thermal channel.

This presentation describes the implementation of an AI model in an attempt to segment and thus classify various common urban and thermal features in a novel RGB-T dataset. The dataset, comprising 793 images from two German cities, was acquired by automatic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight at nighttime and various features common to the urban context – such as buildings, cars, manholes, etc. – were manually annotated.

On account of nighttime acquisition, the images are preprocessed to increase contrast and illumination as well as remove distortive effects in the thermal channel. A U-Net architecture is selected to perform the segmentation task due to its ability to handle small datasets and prevalence in literature. Various model backbone and hyperparameter tuning experiments help identify the best performing model, which is evaluated using a broad range of metrics relevant in semantic image segmentation, including accuracy, f1 score, and mean intersection over union.

This classification of various features in the urban context can be used to separate common thermal occurrences from relevant anomalies and thus contribute to the automation of maintenance-related processes in urban infrastructure. Expanding the dataset with more annotations, especially of underrepresented classes, will help improve the existing model.
Controlling open quantum systems
Creators: name: Dive, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: All physical quantum systems are in contact with the external world which is inevitably a source of noise. It is therefore necessary to take into account this dissipation when designing controls that accomplish useful tasks in quantum information processing. This thesis is on that overlap of open quantum systems and control theory; it looks at what dynamics can happen with the use of external driving, and how this driving can be chosen to accomplish a desired goal. The first result looks at how a given quantum dissipator can be manipulated, using coherent controls, into replicating the action of a different type of noise. This results in no-go theorems for how noise can be transformed based on its isotropy, with applications in simulating open systems. Another way of doing simulations is to use only unitary dynamics over the system and a finite dimensional ancilla, and it is proved that there always exists a dilation Hamiltonian that replicates the noisy dynamics continuously in time. This also highlights the fact that adding controls on noise can result in a different evolution than if the controls were done on the under- lying system-environment level. A conjecture is introduced and studied which states that both approaches are equivalent in the special case of the controls commuting with the Lindbladian. A way around this difficulty is to use a quantum system to compute in situ which controls are best for achieving a desired task on itself. This problem is studied in the context of reaching entangling gates on a quantum simulator in order to upgrade it into a quantum computer. The experimental cost of doing so is found to be polynomial in the number of qubits in simulations. The same underlying principle is also used to find error correcting codes tailored to the dissipation in a system.
Overlapping Pfaffians
Creators: name: Knuth, Donald E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A combinatorial construction proves an identity for the product of the Pfaffian of a skew-symmetric matrix by the Pfaffian of one of its submatrices. Several applications of this identity are followed by a brief history of Pfaffians.
Ardea Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Pelecaniformes
Ardeidae
Ardea

description: Ardea [gen. nov.]
Rostrum rectum, acutum, longum, subcompressum, sulco e naribus, versus apicem exaratum.
Pedes tetradactyli.
* Cristatae: rostro vix capite longiore.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 141, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Unintended feedbacks: implications and applications for conservation
Creators: name: Larrosa, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Human reactions to conservation interventions can trigger unintended feedbacks resulting in poor conservation outcomes. This Ph.D. improves our understanding of the role these unintended feedbacks play in conservation science, and provides recommendations for conservation practice. In chapter two, I create a typology of unintended feedbacks from a social-ecological systems perspective showing how these undermine conservation efforts. Chapter three is an exploration and empirical assessment for modelling unintended feedback effects of setting aside land for conservation. In chapter four I develop a dynamic systematic conservation planning approach by modelling changes in forest connectivity and farmland opportunity costs, and compare outputs with a static approach. In chapter five I apply the model to multiple policy-relevant targets of Atlantic Forest restoration in Brazil, providing recommendations for farmland set-aside priorities. A dynamic systematic conservation planning approach can help decision-makers maximise existing economic incentives by prioritising areas with higher informational rent capture without increasing overall programme cost.
Winds of Massive Stars: High Resolution X-ray Spectra of Stars in NGC 3603
Creators: name: Huenemoerder, David P.
name: Schulz, Norbert S.
name: Nichols, Joy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cluster NGC 3603 hosts some of the most massive stars in the Galaxy. With a modest 50 ks exposure with the Chandra High Energy Grating Spectrometer, we have resolved emission lines in spectra of several of the brightest cluster members which are of WNh and O spectral types. This observation provides our first definitive high-resolution spectra of such stars in this nearby starburst region. The stars studied have broadened X-ray emission lines, some with blue-shifted centroids, and are characteristic of massive stellar winds with terminal velocities around 2000--3000 km/s. X-ray luminosities and plasma temperatures are very high for both the WNh and O stars studied. We conclude that their X-rays are likely the result of colliding winds.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
System Integrity Protection Schemes in the Nordics -- a comparative analysis
Creators: name: Malmer, Gabriel
name: Rolander, Arvid
name: Hillberg, Emil
name: Samuelsson, Olof
name: Ackeby, Susanne
name: Nordström, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: To increase the utilisation rate of the power system and accelerate electrification while providing a high degree of security and reliability, System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS) are of great importance. SIPS functions are automatic remedial actions, detecting abnormal conditions or contingencies in the system and taking control action to mitigate these conditions. Design, implementation, maintenance and coordination of SIPS are all important aspects for desired operation. However, different actors have chosen different approaches to using SIPS for capacity enhancement, and there are discrepancies in how capacity is valued in relation to for example complexity, reliability and risk. Additionally, definitions often vary between countries. This paper reports on a joint survey and interview study on SIPS with stakeholders and experts in the Nordic countries - including TSOs, DSOs and industry. Combined with a literature review, a comparison and analysis of how SIPS are used in the Nordics is performed, particularly in relation to ENTSO-E capacity allocation.
description: IEEE PES ISGT Europe 2024, 5 pages
Ardea pavonina Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Pelecaniformes
Ardeidae
Ardea
Ardea pavonina

description: Ardea pavonina [spec. nov.]
A. crista setosa erecta, temporibus palearibusque binis nudis.
Grus balearica. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 6. Will. orn. 201. t. 48. Raj. av. 95. Dodart. mem. 3. p. 199.
Grus cristata africana. Edw. av. 192. t. 192.
Pavo marinus. Clus. exot. 105.
Grus capensis fusca, capite aureo galeato. Pet. gaz. t. 76. f. 9.
Habitat in Africa.
Caput nigrum. Crista flavescens. Alae albae. Cauda nigra aequalis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 141, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
An Alignment Effect in FR I Radio Galaxies: U-band Polarimetry of the Abell 2597 Cluster Central Galaxy
Creators: name: McNamara, Brian R.
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
name: Sarazin, Craig L.
name: Elston, Richard
name: Wise, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained U-band polarimetry of the spatially extended, blue optical continuum associated with the FR I radio source PKS 2322-122. PKS 2322-122 is located in the Abell 2597 cluster central galaxy. We find a three sigma upper limit to the degree of polarization of the optical continuum of less than 6%. This limit is inconsistent with the blue continuum being primarily scattered light or synchrotron radiation. We can therefore exclude models which attribute the blue continuum to scattered light from an active nucleus that is hidden from direct view. Essentially all of the data pertaining to the blue continuum along the radio source-the ``blue lobes''-indicate that they are regions of recent star formation that may have been induced by an interaction between the radio source and the cool ($<10^4$ K), surrounding gas. We compare the restframe U-band polarized luminosities and 1.4 GHz radio powers of A2597 and A1795 to those for several high redshift radio galaxies exhibiting the alignment effect. We suggest that the fundamental property distinguishing some powerful, high redshift radio galaxies exhibiting the alignment effect, and the lower-power, FR I radio galaxies in cooling flows that exhibit the blue lobe phenomenon, is the strength of the AGN.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures to appear in the ApJ
KARBOKSIMETILTSELLULOZA/POLIVINYL SPIRT/KUMUSH NANOKOMPOZIT ERITMASIDAN NANOTOLALARNI SHAKILLANTIRISH VA ULARNING XOSSALARI
Creators: name: Yunusov, X. E.
name: Ashurov, N. Sh.
name: Rashidova, S. Sh.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur maqolada karboksimetiltselluloza/polivinyl spirt/kumush nanokompozit eritmasidan nanotolalarni shakillantirish va ularning xossalari o`rganilgan. Olingan nanotolalar atom kuch mikroskop, IQ-spektroskopik, rentgenostrukturaviy tahlillar orqali o`rganildi va nanotolalrning o`lchamlarining diametri bo`yicha 50-150 nm ekanligi aniqlandi. Olingan nanotolalar tibbiyotda kuygan yaralarni davolashda samarali qo`llanilishi mumkin.
A Characterization of the Number of Roots of Linearized and Projective Polynomials in the Field of Coefficients
Creators: name: McGuire, Gary
name: Sheekey, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11T06

description: A fundamental problem in the theory of linearized and projective polynomials over finite fields is to characterize the number of roots in the coefficient field directly from the coefficients. We prove results of this type, of a recursive nature. These results follow from our main theorem which characterizes the number of roots using the rank of a matrix that is smaller than the Dickson matrix.
Ardea virgo Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Pelecaniformes
Ardeidae
Ardea
Ardea virgo

description: Ardea virgo [spec. nov.]
A. superciliis albis retrorsum longe cristatis.
Virgo numidica. Edw. av. 134. t. 134. Dodart. mem. 3 p. 1.
Grus numidica. Alb. av. 3. p. 78. t. 83.
Habitat in Oriente.
Corpus magnitudine Ciconiae caeruleo-cixereum; capite collo remigibusque primariis nigris. Pennae paleares nigrae pendulae. Oculi rubri pupilla cinerea. Pone oculos utrinque crista pennacea recurvata longa alba.
* * Grues: capite calvo.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 141, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Impact of mating on Anopheles coluzzii in response to infection
Creators: name: Dahalan, Farah Aida Binta
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Mating causes dramatic changes of female physiology, behaviour, and immunity in many insects, often inducing oogenesis, oviposition, and refractoriness to further mating. Females from the Anopheles gambiae species complex typically mate only once in their lifetime during which they receive sperm and seminal fluid proteins as well as a mating plug that contains the steroid hormone 20E. This hormone, also induced by bloodfeeding, plays a major role in activating vitellogenesis for egg production. In this thesis, I present data showing that the mating status of an Anopheles coluzzii female influences her midgut bacterial load and bacterial composition. Furthermore, I show that her susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection is also enhanced upon mating especially when infection intensity is high. I find that mating status has a major impact on the midgut transcriptome, but only under sugar-fed conditions; once females have bloodfed, the transcriptional changes that are still observable as induced by mating are masked. To determine whether increased susceptibility to parasites could be driven by the additional 20E that mated females receive from males, I mimicked mating by injecting 20E into virgin females, finding that these females have significantly increased infection intensity compared to controls. I carried out further RNAseq to examine whether the genes that change upon 20E injection in the midgut are similar to those that change upon mating. I find that 11% of the genes upregulated by 20E are in common with genes upregulated by mating. Together, these findings suggest that male Anopheles mosquitoes might contribute to malaria transmission by influencing female midgut bacterial loads and by potentially increasing P. falciparum susceptibility in females.
Synthesis, physicochemical characterisation and biological evaluation of polymer-functionalised gold nanoparticles for cancer treatment
Creators: name: Bachelet, Marie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Most of the chemotherapeutics employed today are facing important limitations, including the inability to provide targeted therapy and intracellular drug degradation within the lysosomal compartments. These explain why the average survival rate, throughout all cancer types, is still as low as 50%. The aim of the present thesis is to develop multifunctional AuNPs for intracellular delivery. PEGylated AuNPs were prepared via grafting poly(ethylene glycol) onto the AuNP surface. The influence of the PEG chain length and grafting densities on the colloidal stability, the grafted polymer conformation, the stealth character and the interparticle interactions have been extensively investigated. Longer chain lengths favoured the stability of the colloids in aqueous solution and the preparation of long-range and ordered assemblies via “flexible” interparticle interactions whereas shorter chain lengths led to denser layers and “hard-to-contact” spheres. Highly stable biocompatible pH-responsive AuNPs were obtained through the grafting with the anionic poly(L-lysine isophthalamide) (PLP) conjugated with L-phenylalanine at 75 mol% (PP75). The polymer pH dependent coil-to-globule conformational change was retained between pH 5-6, tuned to the endosomal pH. The AuNPs@PP75 nanohybrids demonstrated a quick and highly reversible agglomeration-deagglomeration cycle. Doxorubicin was loaded at 0.6 wt% onto the nanohybrids without compromising the overall stability in biological media and was effectively delivered into drug-resistant human uterus sarcoma cell line. The synergistic effect of the chemotherapy with photothermal treatment increased the killing efficiency by 6 folds compared to the conventional free drug. The nanohybrids were finally entrapped into pH-responsive PLP hydrogels. The composite hydrogels retained a high pH-responsive swelling behaviour and demonstrated improved mechanical properties compared to the bare hydrogel. Controlled drug release ability and biocompatibility confirmed their suitability as potential cancer therapeutics via oral administration.
Tunning topological phase and quantum anomalous Hall effect by interaction in quadratic band touching systems
Creators: name: Zeng, Tian-sheng
name: Zhu, W.
name: Sheng, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interaction driven topological phases can significantly enrich the class of topological materials and thus are of great importance. Here, we study the phase diagram of interacting spinless fermions filling the two-dimensional checkerboard lattice with a quadratic band touching (QBT) point. By developing new diagnosis based on the state-of-the-art density-matrix renormalization group and exact diagonalization, we determine accurate quantum phase diagram for such a system at half-filling with three distinct phases. For weak nearest-neighboring interactions, we demonstrate the instablity of the QBT towards an interaction-driven spontaneous quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect. For strong interactions, the system breaks the rotational symmetry realizing a nematic charge-density-wave (CDW) phase. Interestingly, for intermediate interactions we discover a symmetry-broken bond-ordered critical phase sandwiched in between the QAH and CDW phases, which splits the QBT into two Dirac points driven by interaction. Instead of the direct transition between QAH and CDW phases, our identification of an intermediate phase shed new light on the theoretical understanding of the interaction-driven phases in QBT systems.
Plasmonics: from electrons to devices
Creators: name: Kaube, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: From molecular sensors to perfect lenses, plasmonic devices promise a wealth of breakthrough applications by coupling light to oscillations of the electron plasma. In order to harness the full technological potential of plasmonics, coherent plasma excitations must be sustained over many cycles. On the scale of practical devices, optical properties of media are characterised by the mascroscopic dielectric function. This quantity can be determined from first principles in terms of transitions between electronic states. Understanding of losses within plasmonic systems must thus be built up from electrons to devices -- the approach taken in this thesis. Optical losses are explored with application to prototypical plasmonic systems, noble metals copper, silver and gold. Density functional theory with quasiparticle self-consistent GW (QSGW) corrections are employed in order to build up an accurate description of the electronic states. Interband dielectric functions are consequently obtained within the linear response formalism, finding good agreement with experimental literature. Electron interactions with lattice vibrations are found to be an essential feature in describing optical losses at low energies (also known as Drude losses). Electron-phonon interactions are included by two approaches: many body perturbation theory via the phonon contribution to the self energy and the semi-classical Williams Lax averages over nuclear displacements. The latter approach was used to determine the temperature dependence of silver optical spectra and constants from first principles, achieving agreement with experiment. Lastly, first principles calculations of silver nanodots are presented.
title: 10 Lessons in Security Operations and Incident Management
Creators: name: Ruefle, Robin
Publisher: name: Software Engineering Institute
Year: 2024

description: Researchers in the CERT Division of the Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute have compiled 10 lessons learned from our more than 35 years of developing and working with incident response and security teams throughout the globe. These lessons are relevant to incident response teams contending with an ever-evolving cyber threat landscape and considering new generative-AI-powered tools to combat those threats.
Spin Networks in Nonperturbative Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Baez, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spin network is a generalization of a knot or link: a graph embedded in space, with edges labelled by representations of a Lie group, and vertices labelled by intertwining operators. Such objects play an important role in 3-dimensional topological quantum field theory, functional integration on the space A/G of connections modulo gauge transformations, and the loop representation of quantum gravity. Here, after an introduction to the basic ideas of nonperturbative canonical quantum gravity, we review a rigorous approach to functional integration on A/G in which L^2(A/G) is spanned by states labelled by spin networks. Then we explain the `new variables' for general relativity in 4-dimensional spacetime and describe how canonical quantization of gravity in this formalism leads to interesting applications of these spin network states.
description: 41 pages in LaTeX
Ferramenta da Terapia Interpessoal (TIP): Escala de Avaliação de Sintomas
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ferramenta da Terapia Interpessoal (TIP)
Terapia Interpessoal (TIP)
Escala de Avaliação de Sintomas
Enciclopédia da Conscienciologia

description: Definologia: A Escala de Avaliação de Sintomas é uma ferramenta utilizada na Terapia Interpessoal (TIP) para mensurar e monitorar a gravidade dos sintomas psicológicos e emocionais apresentados pelo paciente ao longo do processo terapêutico.
Seeking the Local Convergence Depth. The Abell Cluster Dipole Flow to 200 Mpc/h
Creators: name: Dale, Daniel A.
name: Giovanelli, Riccardo
name: Haynes, Martha P.
name: Campusano, Luis E.
name: Hardy, Eduardo
name: Borgani, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained new Tully-Fisher (TF) peculiar velocity measurements for 52 Abell galaxy clusters distributed throughout the sky between ~ 50 and 200 Mpc/h.The measurements are based on I band photometry and optical rotation curves for a sample of 522 spiral galaxies, from which an accurate TF template relation has been constructed. Individual cluster TF relations are referred to the template to compute cluster peculiar motions. The reflex motion of the Local Group of galaxies is measured with respect to the reference frame defined by our cluster sample and the distant portion of the Giovanelli et al. (1998) cluster set. We find the Local Group motion in this frame to be 565+/-113 km/s in the direction (l,b)=(267,26)+/-10 when peculiar velocities are weighted according to their errors. After optimizing the dipole calculation to sample equal volumes equally, the vector is 509+/-195 km/s towards (255,33)+/-22. Both solutions agree, to within 1-sigma or better, with the Local Group motion as inferred from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole. Thus, the cluster sample as a whole moves slowly in the CMB reference frame, its bulk flow being at most 200 km/s.
description: 11 pages, uses AAS LaTeX; to appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Symmetric and asymmetric discrimination of bosonic loss: Toy applications to biological samples and photo-degradable materials
Creators: name: Spedalieri, Gaetana
name: Pirandola, Stefano
name: Braunstein, Samuel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum discrimination of bosonic loss based on both symmetric and asymmetric hypothesis testing. In both approaches, an entangled resource is able to outperform any classical strategy based on coherent-state transmitters in the regime of low photon numbers. In the symmetric case, we then consider the low energy detection of bacterial growth in culture media. Assuming an exponential growth law for the bacterial concentration and the Beer-Lambert law for the optical transmissivity of the sample, we find that the use of entanglement allows one to achieve a much faster detection of growth with respect to the use of coherent states. This performance is also studied by assuming an exponential photo-degradable model, where the concentration is reduced by increasing the number of photons irradiated over the sample. This investigation is then extended to the readout of classical information from suitably-designed photo-degradable optical memories.
description: REVTeX. 14 pages. 11 figures
Turbulence cascade in an inhomogeneous turbulent flow
Creators: name: Alves Portela, Felipe
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The inhomogeneous, anisotropic turbulence downstream of a square prism is investigated by means of direct numerical simulations (DNS) and two-point statistics. As noted by Moffatt (2002) “it now seems that the intense preoccupation [...] with the problem of homogeneous isotropic turbulence was perhaps misguided” acknowledging there is now a revived interest in studying inhomogeneous turbulence. The full description of the turbulence cascade requires a two-point analysis which re- volves around the recently derived Kármán-Howarth-Monin-Hill equation (KHMH). This equation is the inhomogeneous/anisotropic analogue to the so-called Kolmogorov equation (or Kármán-Howarth equation) used in Kolmogorov’s 1941 seminal papers (K41) which are the foundation to the most successful turbulence theory to date. Particular focus is placed on the near wake region where the turbulence is anticipated to be highly inhomogeneous and anisotropic. Because DNS gives direct access to all ve- locity components and their derivatives, all terms of the KHMH can be computed directly without resorting to any simplifications. Computation of the term associated with the non-linear inter-scale transfer of energy (Π) revealed that this rate is roughly constant over a range of scales which increases (within the bounds of our database) with distance to the wake generator, provided that the orientations of the pairs of points are averaged-out on the plane of the wake. This observation appears in tandem with a near −5/3 power law in the spectra of fluctuating velocities which deteriorates as the constancy of Π improves. The constant non-linear inter-scale transfer plays a major role in K41 and is required for deriving the 2/3-law (which is real space equivalent of the −5/3). We extend our analysis to a triple decomposition where the organised motion associ- ated with the vortex shedding is disentangled from the stochastic motions which do not display a distinct time signature. The imprint of the shedding-associated motion upon the stochastic component is observed to contribute to the small-scale anisotropy of the stochastic motion. Even though the dynamics of the shedding-associated motion differs drastically from that of the stochastic one, we find that both contributions are required in order to preserve the constant inter-scale transfer of energy. We further find that the inter- scale fluxes resulting from this decomposition display local (in scale-space) combinations of direct and inverse cascades. While the inter-scale fluxes associated with the coherent motion can be explained on the basis of simple geometrical arguments, the stochastic motion shows a persistent inverse cascade at orientations normal to the centreline despite its energy appearing to be roughly isotropically distributed.
Lovelock Tensor as Generalized Einstein Tensor
Creators: name: Farhoudi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the splitting feature of the Einstein tensor, as the first term of the Lovelock tensor, into two parts, namely the Ricci tensor and the term proportional to the curvature scalar, with the trace relation between them is a common feature of any other homogeneous terms in the Lovelock tensor. Motivated by the principle of general invariance, we find that this property can be generalized, with the aid of a generalized trace operator which we define, for any inhomogeneous Euler-Lagrange expression that can be spanned linearly in terms of homogeneous tensors. Then, through an application of this generalized trace operator, we demonstrate that the Lovelock tensor analogizes the mathematical form of the Einstein tensor, hence, it represents a generalized Einstein tensor. Finally, we apply this technique to the scalar Gauss-Bonnet gravity as an another version of string-inspired gravity.
description: 16 pages, added refs., corrected a mistyped eq. (the last one in p12), TeX file (using phyzzx.tex)
The conductivity of dense molecular gas
Creators: name: Wardle, Mark
name: Ng, Cindy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the conductivity tensor for molecular gas at densities ranging from 10^4 to 10^15 cm^-3 for a variety of grain models. The Hall contribution to the conductivity has generally been neglected in treatments of the dynamics of molecular gas. We find that it is not important if only 0.1 micron grains are considered, but for a Mathis-Rumpl-Nordsieck grain-size distribution (with or without PAHs) it becomes important for densities between 10^7 and 10^11 cm^-3. If PAHs are included, this range is reduced to 10^9 -- 10^10 cm^-3. The consequences for the magnetic field evolution and dynamics of dense molecular gas are profound. To illustrate this, we consider the propagation of Alfven waves under these conditions. A linear analysis yields a dispersion relation valid for frequencies below the neutral collision frequencies of the charged species. The dispersion relation shows that there is a pair of circularly polarised modes with distinct propagation speeds and damping rates. We note that the gravitational collapse of dense cloud cores may be substantially modified by the Hall term.
description: MNRAS accepted; 9 pp incl 8 figs, LaTeX, uses epsf.sty mn.sty
Development and application of ToF-SIMS within agrochemistry
Creators: name: Converso, Valerio
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: This study is aimed at exploring the potential use of Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for the detection and localization of agrochemicals in biological material. The first part focused on developing a method (from sample preparation to ToF-SIMS analysis) for the analysis of a selection of 44 commonly and commercially used agrochemicals. Based on the results of these analyses, a model compound was chosen for further investigation. The chosen compound was the fungicide fludioxonil and both limit of detection and quantification were calculated for its ToF-SIMS detection. Further experiments were performed on how endogenous molecules could affect the ToF-SIMS detection of fludioxonil and, in particular, the “matrix effect” of components typically present in biological matrices was studied. After proving the capabilities of the technique in a simplified experimental setting, ToF-SIMS was used to analyse real-life complex biological samples. The first targets of the analyses were nematodes, important agricultural pests. Extensive work focused on developing a reproducible sample preparation in order to obtain thin sections of nematodes. Unfortunately, none of the tried techniques gave good results. On top of this, fludioxonil was not detectable in any of the analysed nematodes. For this reason, another biological sample was explored for ToF-SIMS analyses: formulation coated wheat seeds. After developing a reproducible sample preparation method for sectioning the seeds, ToF-SIMS analyses were able to detect fludioxonil in all the sections. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential use of ToF-SIMS in the agrochemical industry. Its capability of obtaining visual information on the distribution of specific active ingredients in real-life biological samples at realistic concentrations makes this technique potentially valuable in agrochemical research, even though its limitations mean that its applications in the agrochemical industry are likely to be fairly specific and limited.
MPEC 2024-D75 : 2007 EG = 2024 CW2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2007 EG = 2024 CW2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A median-type condition for graph tiling
Creators: name: Piguet, Diana
name: Saumell, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Komlos [Tiling Turan theorems, Combinatorica, 20,2 (2000), 203{218] determined the asymptotically optimal minimum degree condition for covering a given proportion of vertices of a host graph by vertex-disjoint copies of a fixed graph. We show that the minimum degree condition can be relaxed in the sense that we require only a given fraction of vertices to have the prescribed degree.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, accepted to the European Journal of Combinatorics
The development of composite membranes via polymer coatings for organic solvent nanofiltration
Creators: name: Cook, Marcus
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: This thesis offers a comprehensive study into the development of composite membranes for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration via solvent-free coating of epoxysilicones, and dip coating of polymers of intrinsic microporosity. Firstly, two different ultrafiltration membranes are fabricated from polyacrylonitrile and a polyetherimide and optimised to similar nominal pore sizes. These are both then employed as support membranes for the formation of Thin Film Composite membranes from coating epoxysilicones or PIMs. Minor changes in the coating solvent mixture for the PIMs enabled the formation of uniform coatings of <500 nm thickness. The separation performance of three PIM variants was found to be fairly similar, with each displaying a Molecular Weight Cut Off of 500-800 g mol-1 in various test solvents. In parallel, a solvent free coating approach was developed to fabricate epoxysilicone TFC membranes. In this case, the support membrane was found to be a key factor in the separation performance of the composite membrane. Since the PDMS based TFC membranes were formed from cationically curable epoxysilicones, residual pendant amines in the support membrane were found to be inhibitory to the crosslinking of the cycloaliphatic epoxy. Intrusion of the epoxysilicone into the support membrane was also verified by SEM/EDS. Epoxysilicone TFC membranes were then used in a three stage membrane cascade to mimic a light/heavy key separation, whereby attention is drawn to the engineering analysis of the membrane cascade. Finally, nanofiltration of azeotropic mixtures of toluene/alcohol was conducted using the epoxysilicone composite membranes. For a system of toluene/n-butanol, the separation was observed to go through a maximum at the azeotropic composition, suggesting an integrated distillation and membrane process may be feasible for this mixture. The Flory-Huggins ternary equations were integrated into the solution diffusion transport model to enable estimations of how these types of mixtures may separate through dense, non porous membranes.
Ardea canadensis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Pelecaniformes
Ardeidae
Ardea
Ardea canadensis

description: Ardea canadensis [spec. nov.]
A. sincipite nudo papilloso, corpore cinereo, alis extus testaceis.
Grus fusca canadensis. Edw. av. 133. t. 133.
Habitat in America septentrionali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 141, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Is the Regge Calculus a consistent approximation to General Relativity?
Creators: name: Brewin, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will ask the question of whether or not the Regge calculus (and two related simplicial formulations) is a consistent approximation to General Relativity. Our criteria will be based on the behaviour of residual errors in the discrete equations when evaluated on solutions of the Einstein equations. We will show that for generic simplicial lattices the residual errors can not be used to distinguish metrics which are solutions of Einstein's equations from those that are not. We will conclude that either the Regge calculus is an inconsistent approximation to General Relativity or that it is incorrect to use residual errors in the discrete equations as a criteria to judge the discrete equations.
description: 27 pages, plain TeX, very belated update to match journal article
The Nova-like Variables
Creators: name: Dhillon, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review optical observations and theoretical models of the non-magnetic nova-like variables (UX UMa, VY Scl and SW Sex stars). A brief discussion of the classification scheme is followed by a statistical overview of the observed properties. The most important features of each of the sub-classes are then reviewed, concluding with a summary of the theoretical models invoked to understand these systems.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; published in Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects, Proceedings of the 158th colloquium of the IAU held at Keele, edited by A. Evans and Janet H. Wood, p.3 (1996)
The nature and evolution of high redshift dusty star forming galaxies
Creators: name: Greenslade, Joshua
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: DSFGs dominate the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) at z > 0.7, are 2 - 3 orders of magnitude more populous at z = 2 than locally, and have SFRs of tens to thousands of solar masses per year. Despite their prodigious SFR, they are heavily dust obscured, with estimates suggesting that optical/UV surveys alone miss half the star formation in the Universe. Furthermore, DSFGs are believed to be the evolutionary progenitors to the massive elliptical galaxies that today inhabit the cores of massive galaxy clusters. DSFGs however remain poorly constrained, with few constraints on their contribution to the cosmic SFR density above z > 4, disagreement over whether single-dish observations accurately reflect the underlying population, and uncertainty about DSFGs in clusters, particularly whether they trace massive overdensities at their epoch. This thesis presents a series of results that set out to address some of these questions. To begin with, and by cross-matching Planck and Herschel data, we identify 27 candidate protoclusters by searching for overdensities of DSFGs. Their colours indicate they likely lie at z = 2 − 3, their flux density is 3x brighter than predicted from models, and fitting modified blackbodies to their photometry suggests they have total SFRs of several thousand solar masses per year. We additionally present the results of an interferometric program targeting 36 single-dish DSFGs at z ∼ 4. We assess their multiplicity, finding that whilst ∼ 45% are blends of multiple sources, there are a number of highly luminous, possibly lensed, singular sources. Finally, we present the serendipitous detection of a SPIRE dropout, a source detected at 850 μm but not at any shorter wavelength, likely at z > 6, and we discuss the application of its selection to wider surveys. In closing, we discuss the future of FIR/sub-mm astronomy, new directions of the work begun here, and the challenges that remain for the field.
Fast and accurate simulation of particle detectors using generative adversarial networks
Creators: name: Musella, Pasquale
name: Pandolfi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep generative models parametrised by neural networks have recently started to provide accurate results in modelling natural images. In particular, generative adversarial networks provide an unsupervised solution to this problem. In this work we apply this kind of technique to the simulation of particle-detector response to hadronic jets. We show that deep neural networks can achieve high-fidelity in this task, while attaining a speed increase of several orders of magnitude with respect to traditional algorithms.
description: Published on Comp. Soft. for Big Sci
Ardea grus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Pelecaniformes
Ardeidae
Ardea
Ardea grus

description: Ardea grus [spec. nov.]
A. vertice nudo papilloso, fronte remigibus occipiteque nigris, corpore cinereo.
Ardea vertioe papilloso. Fn. svec. 131.
Grus. Bell. av. 41. 6. Gesn. av. 529. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 5. Jonst. av. 166. t. 44. Will. orn. 200. t. 48. Raj. av. 95. Mars. danub. 5. p. 6. t. 1. Alb. av. 2. p. 60. t. 65.
Habitat in Europae, Africae campis subhumidis.
Trans pontum fugat & terris immittit apricis. Virg.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 141-142, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206