cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The exact maximal energy of integral circulant graphs with prime power order
Creators: name: Sander, Juergen
name: Sander, Torsten
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2013
Subjects: Math; Discrete; Cayley graphs, integral graphs, circulant graphs, graph energy

description: The energy of a graph was introduced by {\sc Gutman} in 1978 as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We study the energy of integral circulant graphs, also called gcd graphs,
which can be characterized by their vertex count $n$ and a set $\cal D$ of divisors of $n$ in such a way that they have vertex set $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ and edge set $\{\{a,b\}:\, a,b\in\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z},\, \gcd(a-b,n)\in {\cal D}\}$.

Given an arbitrary prime power $p^s$, we determine all divisor sets maximising the energy of an integral circulant graph of order $p^s$. This enables us to compute the maximal energy $\Emax{p^s}$ among all integral circulant graphs of order $p^s$.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 8, No 2 (2013)
Magnetic excitations in the spin-5/2 antiferromagnetic trimer substance SrMn3P4O14
Creators: name: Hase, Masashi
name: Matsuda, Masaaki
name: Kaneko, Koji
name: Metoki, Naoto
name: Kakurai, Kazuhisa
name: Yang, Tao
name: Cong, Rihong
name: Lin, Jianhua
name: Ozawa, Kiyoshi
name: Kitazawa, Hideaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum-mechanical 1/3 magnetization plateau and magnetic long-range order appear in the large-spin (5/2) substance SrMn3P4O14. Magnetization results of SrMn3P4O14 can be explained by the spin-5/2 isolated antiferromagnetic linear trimer with the intra-trimer interaction ($J_1$) value of 4.0 K. In the present study, to confirm the spin system, we performed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments of SrMn3P4O14 powders. We observed plural magnetic excitations. The peak positions are 0.46, 0.68, and 1.02 meV. Constant-Q-scan spectra at several Q values (magnitude of the scattering vector) indicate that the dispersion is weak. The weak dispersion indicates that the excitations are transitions between discrete energy levels. Our INS results are consistent with results expected in the trimer model. We evaluated the J1 value as 0.29 meV (3.4 K) without considering the other interactions.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. B
The rigidity of periodic frameworks as graphs on a fixed torus
Creators: name: Ross, Elissa
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2014

description: We define periodic frameworks as graphs on the torus, using the language of gain graphs. We present some fundamental definitions and results about the infinitesimal rigidity of graphs on a torus of fixed size and shape, and find necessary conditions for the generic rigidity of periodic frameworks on a d-dimensional fixed torus.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 9, No 1 (2014)
Specification Decomposition for Reactive Synthesis
Creators: name: Finkbeiner, Bernd
name: Geier, Gideon
name: Passing, Noemi
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Reactive synthesis is the task of automatically deriving an implementation from a specification. It is a promising technique for the development of verified programs and hardware. Despite recent advances, reactive synthesis is still not practical when the specified systems reach a certain bound in size and complexity. In this paper, we present a modular synthesis algorithm that decomposes the specification into smaller subspecifications. For them, independent synthesis tasks are performed, and the composition of the resulting implementations is guaranteed to satisfy the full specification. Our algorithm is a preprocessing technique that can be applied to a wide range of synthesis tools. We evaluate our approach with state-of-the-art synthesis tools on established benchmarks and obtain encouraging results: The overall runtime decreases significantly when synthesizing implementations modularly.
Liquidambarines A − C, three new abietane diterpenoids from Liquidambar formosana Hance and their anti-inflammatory activities
Creators: name: Li, Hui-Qin
name: Yang, Bao-Chen
name: Sura, Madhu Babu
name: Cheng, Yong-Xian
name: Wang, Feng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Liquidambarines A − C (1−3), three new abietane-type diterpenoids, together with five known compounds (4−8) were isolated from the resin of Liquidambar formosana Hance. Their structures were elucidated by the combination of spectroscopic and computational methods. We explored their anti-inflammatory potential by analyzing the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activities without cytotoxicity. These experimental studies suggest these new abietane-type diterpenoids have the potential to be candidates for inflammation-associated diseases.
On the minimum order of $k$-cop win graphs
Creators: name: Baird, William
name: Beveridge, Andrew
name: Bonato, Anthony
name: Codenotti, Paolo
name: Maurer, Aaron
name: McCauley, John
name: Valeva, Silviya
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2014

description: We consider the minimum order graphs with a given cop number. We prove that the minimum order of a connected graph with cop number 3 is 10, and show that the Petersen graph is the unique isomorphism type of graph with this property. We provide the results of a computational search on the cop number of all graphs up to and including order 10. A relationship is presented between the minimum order of graph with cop number $k$ and Meyniel's conjecture on the asymptotic maximum value of the cop number of a connected graph.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 9, No 1 (2014)
A developed metallomics method reveals the biochemical fate of Cd2+ and Hg species in erythrocyte lysate
Creators: name: Gibson, Matthew
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: Chemistry--Analytical
Biochemistry
Chemistry--Inorganic

description: Bioanalytical techniques that can be employed to obtain health-relevant information from biological fluids (i.e. erythrocytes) are urgently needed to gain new insight into the bioinorganic chemistry of non-essential metal species in the human body. To this end, a metallomics method was developed to probe the interaction of Cd2+, Hg2+, CH3Hg+ and thimerosal in the erythrocyte based on the direct analysis of erythrocyte lysate by size exclusion chromatography coupled on-line to an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (SEC-ICP-AES). This method development entailed systematic investigations into the sample preparation of the erythrocyte lysate (i.e. filtration to remove cell debris) as well into the identification of the ideal stationary phase and mobile phase. Filtering (0.45 μm pore-size Millex syringe-driven filers) and diluting (5-fold with corresponding buffer) resulted in the most consistent and reproducible results for the analysis of the erythrocyte lysate. A Superdex 75TM Increase 10/300 GL (300 x 10 mm I.D., 8.6 μm particle size) column that offers a fractionation range of 3 – 70 kDa was best suited for the separation of the major Cu, Fe and Zn metallospecies that are present in the erythrocyte lysate. 100 mM Tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris) buffer (pH 7.4) was identified as the optimal mobile phase as it allowed for the separation of all the metallospecies of interest and gave the highest metal recovery of all the mobile phases (Zn: 95.8 ± 2.8% , Fe: 88.0 ± 7.2%). This developed metallomics method was subsequently employed to probe the comparative interaction of Cd2+, Hg2+, CH3Hg+ and thimerosal in erythrocyte lysate over a 6 h time period. The results that were obtained at time points ≥2 h revealed that ~85% of Cd2+ weakly interacted with hemoglobin (Hb), while ~13% eluted as (GS)xCd and ~2% bound to a ≥70 kDa Cd-binding protein. In contrast, ~6% of Hg2+ co-eluted with Hb at all time points, while ~94% eluted as (GS)xHg. The results for CH3Hg+ showed that ~5% of Hg co-eluted with Hb (constant over the 6 h time period), while for thimerosal (THI), this percentage gradually increased to 12% over the 6 h time period. The remaining Hg eluted as GS–HgCH3 and GS–HgCH2CH3, respectively. The co-elution of Hg with Hb – regardless of whether Hg2+, CH3Hg+ or THI was added – indicates that these interactions may adversely affect the function of Hb. The results demonstrate that the developed metallomics tool provided is ideally suited to obtain new insight into the bioinorganic chemistry and the toxicology of non-essential metal species within erythrocytes.
Statically Detecting JavaScript Obfuscation and Minification Techniques in the Wild
Creators: name: Moog, Marvin
name: Demmel, Markus
name: Backes, Michael
name: Fass, Aurore
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: JavaScript is both a popular client-side programming language and an attack vector. While malware developers transform their JavaScript code to hide its malicious intent and impede detection, well-intentioned developers also transform their code to, e.g., optimize website performance. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth study of code transformations in the wild. Specifically, we perform a static analysis of JavaScript files to build their Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), which we extend with control and data flows. Subsequently, we define two classifiers, benefitting from AST-based features, to detect transformed samples along with specific transformation techniques. Besides malicious samples, we find that transforming code is increasingly popular on Node.js libraries and client-side JavaScript, with, e.g., 90% of Alexa Top 10k websites containing a transformed script. This way, code transformations are no indicator of maliciousness. Finally, we showcase that benign code transformation techniques and their frequency both differ from the prevalent malicious ones.
Clustering in Cell Cycle Dynamics with General Response/Signaling Feedback
Creators: name: Young, Todd
name: Fernandez, Bastien
name: Buckalew, Richard
name: Moses, Gregory
name: Boczko, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 37N25, 34C25, 34F05, 92D25

description: Motivated by experimental and theoretical work on autonomous oscillations in yeast, we analyze ordinary differential equations models of large populations of cells with cell-cycle dependent feedback. We assume a particular type of feedback that we call Responsive/Signaling (RS), but do not specify a functional form of the feedback. We study the dynamics and emergent behaviour of solutions, particularly temporal clustering and stability of clustered solutions. We establish the existence of certain periodic clustered solutions as well as "uniform" solutions and add to the evidence that cell-cycle dependent feedback robustly leads to cell-cycle clustering. We highlight the fundamental differences in dynamics between systems with negative and positive feedback. For positive feedback systems the most important mechanism seems to be the stability of individual isolated clusters. On the other hand we find that in negative feedback systems, clusters must interact with each other to reinforce coherence. We conclude from various details of the mathematical analysis that negative feedback is most consistent with observations in yeast experiments.
description: To appear in J. Theoretical Biology 292 (2012), 103-115
Supplementary methods and extended results from Associations between metabolic traits and growth rate in brown trout (Salmo trutta) depend on thermal regime
Creators: name: Archer, Louise C.
name: Hutton, Stephen A.
name: Harman, Luke
name: Russell Poole, W.
name: Gargan, Patrick
name: McGinnity, Philip
name: Reed, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Contains detailed methods for intermittent respirometry and estimation of standard metabolic rate and maximum metabolic rate, along with extended model results for the analysis.
On the CP-violating phase $δ_{\rm CP}$ in fermion mixing matrices
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyi
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent established large $θ_{13}$ in neutrino mixing provides an optimistic possibility for the investigation of the CP violation, therefore it is necessary to study the CP-violating phase $δ_{\rm CP}$ in detail. Based on the maximal CP violation hypothesis in the original Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) scheme of neutrino mixing matrix, i.e., $δ_{\rm KM}=90^\circ$, we calculate $δ_{\rm CK}$ for both quarks and leptons in the Chau-Keung (CK) scheme of the standard parametrization and find that $δ^{\mathrm{quark}}_{\mathrm{CK}}=(68.62^{+0.89}_{-0.81})^\circ$ and $δ^{\mathrm{lepton}}_{\mathrm{CK}}=(85.39^{+4.76}_{-1.82})^\circ$, provided with three mixing angles to be given. We also examine the sensitivity of $|V_{ij}|$ and $|U_{ij}|$ to $δ_{\rm CK}$ and $δ_{\rm KM}$. As a convention-independent investigation, we discuss the $Φ$ matrix, which has elements correspond to angles of the unitarity triangles. We demonstrate the $Φ$ matrices for both quark and lepton sectors and discuss the implications as well as the variations of the $Φ$ matrix elements with $δ_{\rm CP}$.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Numerical results improved
Diamonds in an Archean greenstone belt : a study of diamonds and host meta-conglomerate from Wawa (northern Ontario)
Creators: name: Bruce, Loryn Frances
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: I studied a diamondiferous Archean meta-conglomerate from Wawa (North Ontario), part of the Michipicoten Greenstone Belt (MGB) of the Superior Craton. Field observations determined the 170 m thick meta-conglomerate displays poorly sorted, matrix to clast supported and massive to bedded textures. Petrographic and SEM analyses determined it was metamorphosed in the greenschist facies. Twenty-four clast types were identified and classified into groups: igneous with subophitic texture; coarse-grained felsic; vesicular igneous; porphyritic mafic; porphyritic felsic; untextured volcanic; chert-like, unidentifiable clasts rich in chlorite, and opaques. The pebble - cobble sized clasts are derived from nearby meta-volcanic and meta-sedimentary rocks. Predominance of local volcanic clasts confirms the meta-conglomerate formed as a Timiskaming type deposit, between 2700.4±1.0 Ma and 2697.2±1.8 Ma. 383 diamonds (<2 mm) extracted from the meta-conglomerate were characterized using morphology, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and luminescence analyses. These diamonds show octahedral, cuboid, cubo-octahedral, and twinned growth habits; most are unresorbed. These diamonds are classified as Type IaA, Type IaAB, Type II, and Type IaB based on nitrogen contents and aggregation. Their calculated mantle residence temperature is 1000-1200˚C. Characterization of meta-conglomerate diamonds indicates they are cratonic in nature. A primary source is still unknown, speculated to be of mafic to ultramafic composition. Proximal diamondiferous meta-breccia may not be the source of meta-conglomerate diamonds, based on comparisons of morphological properties, nitrogen content and aggregation, and host rock mineralogy for meta-breccia and meta-conglomerate diamonds. Meta-conglomerate diamonds display a coarser size distribution, more diamond colours, and larger proportion of unresorbed crystals. Both suites are comparable in terms of growth habits and calculated mantle residence temperatures. Despite contrasting traits, meta-breccia and meta-conglomerate diamonds both display green, yellow, orange, pink, and red-orange cathodoluminescence (CL) colours with emittance at 520, 576 nm, and 586 - 664 nm, dissimilar to diamonds in unmetamorphosed rocks that show blue CL colour with emittance at 415 - 440 and 480 - 490 nm. This shift of CL results from presence of optical centers with zero-phonon lines at 575 and 637 nm detected via photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The centers may have formed due to irradiation of diamonds in the upper crust and annealing.
A Web Interface for Petri Nets with Transits and Petri Games
Creators: name: Gieseking, Manuel
name: Hecking-Harbusch, Jesko
name: Yanich, Ann
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Developing algorithms for distributed systems is an error-prone task. Formal models like Petri nets with transits and Petri games can prevent errors when developing such algorithms. Petri nets with transits allow us to follow the data flow between components in a distributed system. They can be model checked against specifications in LTL on both the local data flow and the global behavior. Petri games allow the synthesis of local controllers for distributed systems from safety specifications. Modeling problems in these formalisms requires defining extended Petri nets which can be cumbersome when performed textually. In this paper, we present a web interface that allows an intuitive, visual definition of Petri nets with transits and Petri games. The corresponding model checking and synthesis problems are solved directly on a server. In the interface, implementations, counterexamples, and all intermediate steps can be analyzed and simulated. Stepwise simulations and interactive state space generation support the user in detecting modeling errors.
Active Matter on Asymmetric Substrates
Creators: name: Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
name: Drocco, J.
name: Mai, T.
name: Wan, M. B.
name: Reichhardt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For collections of particles in a thermal bath interacting with an asymmetric substrate, it is possible for a ratchet effect to occur where the particles undergo a net dc motion in response to an ac forcing. Ratchet effects have been demonstrated in a variety of systems including colloids as well as magnetic vortices in type-II superconductors. Here we examine the case of active matter or self-driven particles interacting with asymmetric substrates. Active matter systems include self-motile colloidal particles undergoing catalysis, swimming bacteria, artificial swimmers, crawling cells, and motor proteins. We show that a ratchet effect can arise in this type of system even in the absence of ac forcing. The directed motion occurs for certain particle-substrate interaction rules and its magnitude depends on the amount of time the particles spend swimming in one direction before turning and swimming in a new direction. For strictly Brownian particles there is no ratchet effect. If the particles reflect off the barriers or scatter from the barriers according to Snell's law there is no ratchet effect; however, if the particles can align with the barriers or move along the barriers, directed motion arises. We also find that under certain motion rules, particles accumulate along the walls of the container in agreement with experiment. We also examine pattern formation for synchronized particle motion. We discuss possible applications of this system for self-assembly, extracting work, and sorting as well as future directions such as considering collective interactions and flocking models.
description: 13 pages, 11 postscript figures. Minor correction added
Measurement of elliptic and higher order flow harmonics at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS Detector
Creators: name: Mohapatra, Soumya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurements of flow harmonics $v_2$-$v_6$ using the event plane and two particle correlations methods in broad $p_T$, $η$ and centrality ranges using the ATLAS detector at LHC are presented. ATLAS recorded about 9 $μ\textrm{b}^{-1}$ of lead-lead collision data in the 2010 heavy ion run. The full azimuthal acceptance of the ATLAS detector in $\pm2.5$ units of pseudorapidity for charged hadrons and the large amount of data allows for a detailed study of the flow harmonics. The $p_T$, centrality and $η$ ranges where the two methods give consistent $v_n$ and where they disagree are discussed. It is shown that the ridge as well as the so called "mach-cone" seen in two particle correlations are largely accounted for by the collective flow. Some scaling relations in the $p_T$ dependence of the $v_n$ are also discussed.
Disaggregated Farm Income by Type of Farm, 1959-82
Creators: name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Somwaru, Agapi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Farm income
subject: standard industrial classification
subject: income accounting
subject: farm policy

description: Farm production has become more specialized in recent decades, and each type of farm has shown distinct trends in size, number, organization, income, and expenses. Within each type, large-farm numbers have increased at a growing rate but not enough to offset the decline in total farm numbers. These large farms, although a small percentage within each type of farm, have accounted for a growing share of production and expenses. In contrast, small farms have reported small or negative farm income and nonfarm employment as their primary business. Farmers have operated most farms as sole proprietorships. This report presents income, production expenses, and returns by type of farm for 1959-82.
Magnetic substructure in the northern Fermi Bubble revealed by polarized WMAP emission
Creators: name: Jones, David I.
name: Crocker, Roland M.
name: Reich, Wolfgang
name: Ott, Jürgen
name: Aharonian, Felix A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a correspondence between giant, polarized microwave structures emerging north from the Galactic plane near the Galactic center and a number of GeV gamma-ray features, including the eastern edge of the recently-discovered northern Fermi Bubble. The polarized microwave features also correspond to structures seen in the all-sky 408 MHz total intensity data, including the Galactic center spur. The magnetic field structure revealed by the polarization data at 23 GHz suggests that neither the emission coincident with the Bubble edge nor the Galactic center spur are likely to be features of the local ISM. On the basis of the observed morphological correspondences, similar inferred spectra, and the similar energetics of all sources, we suggest a direct connection between the Galactic center spur and the northern Fermi Bubble.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters after minor changes
Examining the Role of Non-Canonical NOD-like Receptors and Inflammasomes in Inflammation and Disease
Creators: name: Platnich, Jaye Matthew
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: inflammasome
subject: NLRP6
subject: Inflammation
subject: Kidney disease
subject: Shiga toxin
subject: NLRP3
subject: Macrophage
subject: NLR
subject: Cell death
subject: Pyroptosis
subject: Caspase
subject: ATPase
subject: Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine and Surgery

description: The NOD-like Receptors (NLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors known to regulate a variety of immune signaling pathways. A substantial portion of NLR research focuses on the pyrin domain-containing NLRP subfamily. The canonical NLRPs are inflammasome-forming proteins responsible for the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In contrast, the non-canonical inflammasome-independent NLRPs regulate a variety of other pathways, including MAPK and NF-κB, through the formation of non-inflammasome complexes. Interestingly, not all inflammasomes are nucleated by NLRPs. The recently characterized non-canonical caspase-4 (caspase-11 in mice) inflammasome is known to be a key driver of the innate immune response to intracellular pathogens (and the molecules associated with them), by triggering both inflammatory cell death and the activation of canonical inflammasomes. At the outset of this PhD work, the understanding of both non-inflammasome-forming NLRPs and the non-canonical caspase-4 inflammasome was poor and the studies were sparse. It was the goal of this thesis to characterize the expression, gene regulation, and function of the non-inflammasome-forming NLR protein NLRP6, both at the cellular and biochemical level. Furthermore, using a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-driven model of inflammation, we sought to elucidate the function of the non-canonical caspase-4 inflammasome, particularly as it pertains to the regulation of the canonical inflammasome and cell death. By studying the fundamental biology underlying these lesser-known mediators of the innate immune system, we hoped to better understand their contribution to the early immune response and their role in driving inflammatory disease with a view to, one day, ameliorating the condition of patients suffering from these afflictions through the development of targeted therapeutics.
Divided Differences of Implicit Functions
Creators: name: Muntingh, Georg
name: Floater, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: primary 26A24, secondary 05A17, 41A05, 65D05

description: Under general conditions, the equation $g(x,y) = 0$ implicitly defines $y$ locally as a function of $x$. In this article, we express divided differences of $y$ in terms of bivariate divided differences of $g$, generalizing a recent result on divided differences of inverse functions.
Share First, Ask Later (or Never?) - Studying Violations of GDPR's Explicit Consent in Android Apps
Creators: name: Nguyen, Trung Tin
name: Backes, Michael
name: Marnau, Ninja
name: Stock, Ben
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Since the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) went into effect in May 2018, online services are required to obtain users' explicit consent before sharing users' personal data with third parties that use the data for their own purposes. While violations of this legal basis on the Web have been studied in-depth, the community lacks insight into such violations in the mobile ecosystem. We perform the first large-scale measurement on mobile apps in the wild to understand the current state of the violation of GDPR's explicit consent. Specifically, we build an automated pipeline to detect data sent out to the Internet without prior consent and apply it to a set of 86,163 Android apps. Based on the domains that receive data protected under the GDPR without prior consent, we collaborate with a legal scholar to assess if these contacted domains are third-party data controllers. Doing so, we find 24,838 apps send personal data towards data controllers without the user's explicit prior consent. To understand the reasons behind this, we run a notification campaign to inform affected developers and gather insights from their responses. We then conduct an in-depth analysis of violating apps, the corresponding third parties' documentation, and privacy policies. Based on the responses and our analysis of available documentation, we derive concrete recommendations for all involved entities in the ecosystem to allow data subjects to exercise their fundamental rights and freedoms.
All-cavity electromagnetically induced transparency and optical switching: semiclassical theory
Creators: name: Dantan, Aurelien
name: Albert, Magnus
name: Drewsen, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transmission of a probe field experiencing electromagnetically induced transparency and optical switching in an atomic medium enclosed in an optical cavity is investigated. Using a semiclassical input-output theory for the interaction between an ensemble of four-level atoms and three optical cavity fields coupled to the same spatial cavity mode, we derive the steady-state transmission spectra of the probe field and discuss the dynamics of the intracavity field buildup. The analytical and numerical results are in good agreement with recent experiments with ion Coulomb crystals [M. Albert et al., Nature Photon. 5, 633 (2011)].
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Vertex decompositions of two-dimensional complexes and graphs
Creators: name: Adamaszek, Michal
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: We investigate families of two-dimensional simplicial complexes defined in terms of vertex decompositions. They include nonevasive complexes, strongly collapsible complexes of Barmak and Miniam and analogues of 2-trees of Harary and Palmer. We investigate the complexity of recognition problems for those families and some of their combinatorial properties. Certain results follow from analogous decomposition techniques for graphs. For example, we prove that it is NP-complete to decide if a graph can be reduced to a discrete graph by a sequence of removals of vertices of degree 3.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
Some rigid moieties of homogeneous graphs
Creators: name: Bilge, Dogan
name: Jaligot, Eric
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Any countable Kn-free graph T embeds as a moiety into the universal homogeneous Kn-free graph Kn in such a way that every automorphism of T extends into a unique automorphism of Kn. Furthermore, there are 2ω such embeddings which are pairwise not conjugate under Aut(Kn).
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
Structure and process of the self schema: an analysis of narrative constructions of self in cognitive sociology
Creators: name: Bonneau-Theberge, Sophie Helene
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2006

description: Bibliography: p. 122-138
description: By embarking on an investigation of the elf within a cognitive sociological framework, this thesis emphasizes the interdependent relationship between self and society, and explores the structure and process of the self as a schema. Self schemas are structured as a result of the social structure we use to make sense of the social world around us which are internalized through cognitive socialization. This thesis u e gender as a primary illustration of these structures by comparing men's and women's narrative constructions of self in terms of cognitive and emotion language. Processes of the self schema can be characterised by the continuous internal conversation we have between different parts of ourselves, the "I" and the "me," which are also made available for inquiry through narrative. Therefore, language serves as the conduit through which individuals negotiate the ongoing tension between structural boundaries and dynamic processes of their self schemas.
Mining Easily Understandable Models from Complex Event Logs
Creators: name: Wiegand, Boris
name: Klakow, Dietrich
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We consider the problem of discovering accurate, yet easily understandable graph-based models from complex event sequence data. Real-world event data, such as production logs, exhibit complex behaviors. These include sequences, choices, loops, optionals, and combinations thereof that make it hard to gain insight into what is going on, and how we can improve the process. Current approaches do not solve this problem satisfyingly, as their modeling language is too restricted to capture complex behavior or they return models that are still too difficult to understand. We formalize the problem in terms of the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle, by which we say that the best model provides the shortest lossless description of the data. The resulting problem is NP-hard, and hence we propose the greedy PROSEQO algorithm to discover good models from data. PROSEQO iteratively simplifies the current description by removing nodes, edges, and applying patterns, until MDL tells us to stop. For whenever this result is still too complex, we propose PROSIMPLE, which iteratively removes further edges until we satisfy a user-specified threshold. Through an extensive set of experiments, we show both methods perform very well in practice. They return simple models that reconstruct the ground truth well, need only little data to do so, are robust against noise, and scale well. A case study shows that, unlike the state of the art, we discover easily understandable models that capture the key aspects of the data generation process.
Including robustness in multi-criteria optimization for intensity-modulated proton therapy
Creators: name: Chen, Wei
name: Unkelbach, Jan
name: Trofimov, Alexei
name: Madden, Thomas
name: Kooy, Hanne
name: Bortfeld, Thomas
name: Craft, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a method to include robustness into a multi-criteria optimization (MCO) framework for intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). The approach allows one to simultaneously explore the trade-off between different objectives as well as the trade-off between robustness and nominal plan quality. In MCO, a database of plans each emphasizing different treatment planning objectives, is pre-computed to approximate the Pareto surface. An IMPT treatment plan that strikes the best balance between the different objectives can be selected by navigating on the Pareto surface. In our approach, robustness is integrated into MCO by adding robustified objectives and constraints to the MCO problem. Uncertainties of the robust problem are modeled by pre-calculated dose-influence matrices for a nominal scenario and a number of pre-defined error scenarios. A robustified objective represents the worst objective function value that can be realized for any of the error scenarios. The optimization method is based on a linear projection solver and is capable of handling large problem sizes resulting from a fine dose grid resolution, many scenarios, and a large number of proton pencil beams. A base-of-skull case is used to demonstrate the robust optimization method. It is demonstrated that the robust optimizationmethod reduces the sensitivity of the treatment plan to setup and range errors to a degree that is not achieved by a safety margin approach. A chordoma case is analyzed in more detail to demonstrate the involved tradeoffs between target underdose and brainstem sparing as well as robustness and nominal plan quality. The latter illustrates the advantage of MCO in the context of robust planning. For all cases examined, the robust optimization for each Pareto optimal plan takes less than 5 min on a standard computer, making a computationally friendly interface possible to the planner.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, to appear on Physics in medicine and biology
Timing and kinematics of the Duke River fault : insights into the evolution of the Insular Terrane, southwest Yukon
Creators: name: Cobbett, Rose Natalie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The Duke River fault is a terrane-bounding structure that separates the Alexander terrane from Wrangellia in southwest Yukon. Detailed geological mapping and sampling of six key areas along the fault were completed in order to determine the history of movement on the fault. In these areas, the Duke River fault juxtaposes pervasively foliated and folded greenschist facies rocks of the Alexander terrane against low-grade, less deformed Wrangellian rocks. Multiple lines of evidence indicate the Alexander terrane has been thrust over Wrangellia. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages from muscovite grains, which are interpreted to have grown during faulting or have been reset by motions along the Duke River fault, range in age from 82-104 Ma, suggesting that movement along the fault is at least as old as Cretaceous. This mid-to Late Cretaceous event along the Duke River fault is overprinted by brittle deformation that affects rocks as young as Miocene to Pliocene in age and suggests that fault movement has occurred as recently as the Pliocene.
Computations in cubic function fields of characteristic three
Creators: name: Bauer, Mark
name: Webster, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2013

description: This paper contains an account of arbitrary cubic function fields of characteristic three.  We define a standard form for an arbitrary cubic curve and consider its function field.  By considering an integral basis for the maximal order of these function fields, we are able to calculate the field discriminant and the genus.  We also give explicit algorithms for ideal arithmetic which for certain cubic function fields give rise to composition and reduction algorithms for computing in the associated ideal class group.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 8, No 1 (2013)
SUSAN: The Structural Similarity Random Walk Kernel
Creators: name: Kalofolias, Janis
name: Welke, Pascal
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Random walk kernels are a very flexible family of graph kernels, in which we can incorporate edge and vertex similarities through positive definite kernels. In this work we study the particular case within this family in which the vertex kernel has bounded support. We motivate this property as the configurable flexibility in terms of vertex alignment between the two graphs on which the walk is performed. We study several fast and intuitive ways to derive structurally aware labels and combine them with such a vertex kernel, which in turn is incorporated in the random walk kernel. We provide a fast algorithm to compute the resulting random walk kernel and we give precise bounds on its computational complexity. We show that this complexity always remains upper bounded by that of alternative methods in the literature and study conditions under which this advantage can be significantly higher. We evaluate the resulting configurations on their predictive performance on several families of graphs and show significant improvements against the vanilla random walk kernel and other competing algorithms. Read More: https://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/1.9781611976700.34
An Economic Analysis of USDA Erosion Control Programs: A New Perspective
Creators: name: Economic Research Service
name: Economic Research Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Soil conservation
subject: soil productivity
subject: offsite benefits
subject: benefit-cost analysis
subject: cropland
subject: erosion

description: Soil conservation programs would be more effective if they focused more on controlling erosion on highly erodible land. Significant effort and funding for current programs are directed to cropland that erodes at less than 5 tons per acre per year. Yet, the benefits of erosion control measures exceed the costs involved only on land eroding at about 15 tons per acre per year and above. More benefits from controlling erosion on cropland are offsite, realized away from the cropland itself, indicating the significance of public benefits from soil conservation.
SoK: Computer-Aided Cryptography
Creators: name: Barbosa, Manuel
name: Barthe, Gilles
name: Bhargavan, Karthik
name: Blanchet, Bruno
name: Cremers, Cas
name: Liao, Kevin
name: Parno, Brian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Computer-aided cryptography is an active area of research that develops and applies formal, machine-checkable approaches to the design, analysis, and implementation of cryptography. We present a cross-cutting systematization of the computer-aided cryptography literature, focusing on three main areas: (i) design-level security (both symbolic security and computational security), (ii) functional correctness and efficiency,and (iii) implementation-level security (with a focus on digital side-channel resistance). In each area, we first clarify the role of computer-aided cryptography—how it can help and what the caveats are—in addressing current challenges. We next present a taxonomy of state-of-the-art tools, comparing their accuracy,scope, trustworthiness, and usability. Then, we highlight their main achievements, trade-offs, and research challenges. After covering the three main areas, we present two case studies. First, we study efforts in combining tools focused on different areas to consolidate the guarantees they can provide. Second, we distill the lessons learned from the computer-aided cryptography community’s involvement in the TLS 1.3 standardization effort.Finally, we conclude with recommendations to paper authors,tool developers, and standardization bodies moving forward.
Geflügelte Juwelen aus den Tropen
Creators: name: Beudels, Melanie Marita
name: Dahmen, Sabrina
name: Westerholt, Debora
name: Damerau, Karsten
name: Preisfeld, Angelika
Publisher: name: BU praktisch - Das Online-Journal für den Biologieunterricht
Year: 2020

description: Das Wecken der Faszination für Schmetterlinge durch Originalbegegnungen bietet die Chance, dem bedenklichen Insektensterben nachhaltig zu begegnen. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie dies durch entdeckendes Lernen während des Besuchs eines Schmetterlingshauses gelingen kann. Tipps zur Vor- und Nachbereitung werden gegeben und durch altersgerechte Materialien ergänzt.
description: BU praktisch - Das Online-Journal für den Biologieunterricht, Vol. 3 No. 3 (2020): BU praktisch - Experimentieren, forschen und lernen
Nano-pore Confinement Adsorption and Diffusion Effects on Duvernay Gas Condensate Production Behavior
Creators: name: Shihan, Zhang
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Engineering--Petroleum

description: In recent years, shale exploration and production becomes economic by establishing multi-stage hydraulic fracturing along horizontal wells. However, shales are different than conventional reservoirs by complex phase behaviors, fluid storage mechanisms, and flow mechanisms. In order to evaluate the shale gas reservoir behaviors, the effect of nano-pore confinement because of extremely small pore sizes is included. Critical properties are altered by the confinement effect, resulting in a gas phase behavior difference than that in conventional reservoirs. Moreover, to describe the shale gas storage mechanisms, an adsorption effect is considered. It is widely believed that without considering adsorbed gases, an under-estimation of reserves by more than 10% may happen. Additionally, in order to model the gas flow mechanisms in shale, multi-mechanistic flow regimes are applied in both matrix and fractures. Due to the nature of ultra-low permeability in the matrix, fluid flow is responding not only to a pressure gradient, but also to a concentration gradient.
An improved bound on the number of point-surface incidences in three dimensions
Creators: name: Zahl, Joshua
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2013

description: We show that $m$ points and $n$ smooth algebraic surfaces of bounded degree in $\RR^3$ satisfying suitable nondegeneracy conditions can have at most $O(m^{\frac{2k}{3k-1}}n^{\frac{3k-3}{3k-1}}+m+n)$ incidences, provided that any collection of $k$ points has at most $O(1)$ surfaces passing through all of them, for some $k\geq 3$. In the case where the surfaces are spheres and no three spheres meet in a common circle, this implies there are $O((mn)^{3/4} + m +n)$ point-sphere incidences. This is a slight improvement over the previous bound of $O((mn)^{3/4} \beta(m,n)+ m +n)$ for $\beta(m,n)$ an (explicit) very slowly growing function. We obtain this bound by using the discrete polynomial ham sandwich theorem to cut $\RR^3$ into open cells adapted to the set of points, and within each cell of the decomposition we apply a Turan-type theorem to obtain crude control on the number of sphere-point incidences. We then perform a second polynomial ham sandwich decomposition on the irreducible components of the variety defined by the first decomposition. As an application, we obtain a new bound on the maximum number of unit distances amongst $m$ points in $\RR^3$.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 8, No 1 (2013)
Investigating stellar surface rotation using observations of starspots
Creators: name: Korhonen, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid rotation enhances the dynamo operating in stars, and thus also introducessignificantly stronger magnetic activity than is seen in slower rotators. Many young cool stars still have the rapid, primordial rotation rates induced by the interstellar molecular cloud from which they were formed. Also older stars in close binary systems are often rapid rotators. These types of stars can show strong magnetic activity and large starspots. In the case of large starspots which cause observable changes in the brightness of the star, and even in the shapes of the spectral line profiles, one can get information on the rotation of the star. At times even information on the spot rotation at different stellar latitudes can be obtained, similarly to the solar surface differential rotation measurements using magnetic features as tracers. Here, I will review investigations of stellar rotation based on starspots. I will discuss what we can obtain from ground-based photometry and how that improves with the uninterrupted, high precision, observations from space. The emphasis will be onhow starspots, and even stellar surface differential rotation, can be studied using high resolution spectra.
description: Invited review for IAU Symposium 286 Comparative magnetic minima: characterizing quiet times in the Sun and stars, 10 pages