cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and chemical bonding properties of ground state BeH$_2$
Creators: name: Wang, Bao-Tian
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Sun, Bo
name: Li, Weidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystal structure, mechanical properties and electronic structure of ground state BeH$_{2}$ are calculated employing the first-principles methods based on the density functional theory. Our calculated structural parameters at equilibrium volume are well consistent with experimental results. Elastic constants, which well obey the mechanical stability criteria, are firstly theoretically acquired. The bulk modulus \emph{B}, Shear modulus \emph{G}, Young's modulus \emph{E} and Poisson's ratio $\upsilon$ are deduced from the elastic constants. The bonding nature in BeH$_{2}$ is fully interpreted by combining characteristics in band structure, density of state, and charge distribution. The ionicity in the Be$-$H bond is mainly featured by charge transfer from Be 2\emph{s} to H 1\emph{s} atomic orbitals while its covalency is dominated by the hybridization of H 1\emph{s} and Be 2\emph{p} states. The valency in BeH$_{2}$ can be represented as Be$^{1.99+}$H$^{0.63-}$, which suggests that significant charge transfer process exists.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Progress in Research on Propagation Technology of Machilus Nees
Creators: name: XU Yin
name: LU Yifei
name: ZHAO Jiao
name: FENG Zhijian
name: XU Yin
name: LU Yifei
name: ZHAO Jiao
name: FENG Zhijian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Machilus Nees, Seed reproduction, Cutting, Tissue culture

description: Machilus spp. are mostly valuable timber and economic tree species, widely used in many fields such as artificial afforestation, landscaping, furniture and building materials, chemicals and medicine. In this article, the distribution, uses and domestic resources of Machilus Nees are summarized. Focus is placed on the analysis of propagation methods, including seed propagation, cutting propagation and tissue culture propagation. The research status and existing problems are summarized, and the future research focus on the propagation technology of Machilus Nees is prospected, with a view to provide theoretical references for the efficient breeding of high-quality seedlings and comprehensive promotion and application of Machilus spp. and contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of wild resources.
Spin polarized transport current in n-type co-doped ZnO thin films measured by Andreev spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yates, Karen A
name: Behan, Anthony J
name: Neal, James R
name: Score, David. S.
name: Blythe, Harry. J
name: Gehring, Gillian A
name: Heald, Steve. M.
name: Branford, Will. R.
name: Cohen, Lesley F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use point contact Andreev reflection measurements to determine the spin polarization of the transport current in pulse laser deposited thin films of ZnO with 1% Al and with and without 2%Mn. Only films with Mn are ferromagnetic and show spin polarization of the transport current of up to 55 $\pm$ 0.5% at 4.2 K, in sharp contrast to measurements of the nonmagnetic films without Mn where the polarization is consistent with zero. Our results imply strongly that ferromagnetism in these Al doped ZnO films requires the presence of Mn.
description: Published version
On images of affine spaces
Creators: name: Arzhantsev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 14A10, 14R10, Secondary 14M20, 14M22

description: We prove that every non-degenerate toric variety, every homogeneous space of a connected linear algebraic group without non-constant invertible regular functions, and every variety covered by affine spaces admits a surjective morphism from an affine space.
description: 8 pages
A Tunable Polymer–Metal Based Anti-Reflective Metasurface
Creators: name: Brasse, Yannic
name: Ng, Charlene
name: Magnozzi, Michele
name: Zhang, Heyou
name: Mulvaney, Paul
name: Fery, Andreas
name: Gómez, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: electrochromic
subject: nanoparticles
subject: plasmonic metasurfaces
subject: switchable
subject: thin-film coating
subject: 540

description: Anti-reflective surfaces are of great interest for optical devices, sensing, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. However, most of the anti-reflective surfaces lack in situ tunability of the extinction with respect to wavelength. This communication demonstrates a tunable anti-reflective surface based on colloidal particles comprising a metal core with an electrochromic polymer shell. Random deposition of these particles on a reflective surface results in a decrease in the reflectance of up to 99.8% at the localized surface plasmon resonance frequency. This narrow band feature can be tuned by varying the pH or by application of an electric potential, resulting in wavelength shifts of up to 30 nm. Electrophoretic particle deposition is shown to be an efficient method for controlling the interparticle distance and thereby further optimizing the overall efficiency of the anti-reflective metasurface. © 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
title: Browse Evaluation and Survey Techniques for the Uinta North Slope Moose Herd
Creators: name: Babcock, William H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: A study was conducted on the North Slope of the Uinta Mountains from January, 1972 through June, 1974, to determine the effects of three simulated levels of moose utilization on the crude protein content, phosphorus content, digestibility and vigor of willow plants. A comparison was also made on the crude protein content, phosphorus content and digestibility of current year's versus past years' willow growth. Finally, the validity of direct and indirect population enumeration methods was compared for the possible development of a standardized moose survey technique.
Clipping caused a highly significant increase in crude protein and phosphorus content between treatment levels. There was also a highly significant increase in digestibility between years. Plant vigor comparisons were confounded by additional sources of mortality and the effects of environmental variables.
A comparison of the nutrient content and digestibility of 1 t o 5 year-old willow growth showed that crude protein content, phosphor us content and digestibility decreased with increasing twig age. Additional factors are discussed which indicate that the carrying capacity of the winter range is larger than previously described.
A poor correlation was found be tween direct aerial moose observations and indirect population estimates from pellet-group counts.
Ultrabroadband sound control with deep-subwavelength plasmacoustic metalayers
Creators: name: Sergeev, Stanislav
name: Lissek, Hervé
name: Fleury, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Controlling audible sound requires inherently broadband and subwavelength acoustic solutions, which are to date, crucially missing. This includes current noise absorption methods, such as porous materials or acoustic resonators, which are typically inefficient below 1 kHz, or fundamentally narrowband. Here, we solve this vexing issue by introducing the concept of plasmacoustic metalayers. We demonstrate that the dynamics of small layers of air plasma can be controlled to interact with sound in an ultrabroadband way and over deep-subwavelength distances. Exploiting the unique physics of plasmacoustic metalayers, we experimentally demonstrate perfect sound absorption and tunable acoustic reflection over more than two frequency decades, from several Hz to the kHz range, with transparent plasma layers of thicknesses down to $λ/1000$. Such unprecedented bandwidth and compactness opens new doors in a variety of applications, including noise control, audio-engineering, room acoustics, imaging and metamaterial design.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
The close Be star companion of Beta Cephei
Creators: name: Wheelwright, H. E.
name: Oudmaijer, R. D.
name: Schnerr, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prototype of the Beta Cep class of pulsating stars, Beta Cep, rotates relatively slowly, and yet displays episodic Halpha emission. Such behaviour is typical of a classical Be star. For some time this posed a contradiction to our understanding of the Be phenomena as rapid rotation is thought to be a prerequisite for the emission phases of Be stars. Recent work has demonstrated that the Halpha emission is in fact due to a close companion (separation ~0.25") of the star. This resolves the apparent enigma if this close companion is a classical Be star. We aim to test the hypothesis that this close companion is a valid Be star by determining properties such as its spectral type and vsin i. We employed spectroastrometry to investigate the close binary system. Using the spectroastrometric signatures observed, we split the composite binary spectra into its constituent spectra in the B band and R band. The split spectra allow us to estimate spectral types of the binary components. We find that the primary of the close binary system has a spectral type of B2III and the secondary a spectral type of B5Ve. From the relationship between mass and spectral type, we determine the masses of the binary components to be M_p = 12.6+/-3.2 M_* and M_s = 4.4+/-0.7 M_* respectively. The spectroastrometric data allow some constraint on the orbit, and we suggest a moderate revision to the previously determined orbit. We confirm that the primary of the system is a slow rotator (vsin i =29 +43/-29 km/s), while the secondary rotates significantly faster, at a vsin i =230+/-45 km/s. We show that the close companion to the beta Cep primary is a valid classical Be star. It has a spectral type of B5Ve and is a relatively fast rotator.
description: Accepted for publication in A & A, 9 pages, 8 figures
How many submissions does it take to discover friendly suggested reviewers?
Creators: name: Pessoa, Pedro
name: Pressé, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is ever more common in scientific publishing to ask authors to suggest some reviewers for their own manuscripts. The question then arises: How many submissions does it take to discover friendly suggested reviewers? To answer this question, we present an agent-based simulation of (single-blinded) peer review, followed by a Bayesian classification of suggested reviewers. To set a lower bound on the number of submissions possible, we create a optimistically simple model that should allow us to more readily deduce the degree of friendliness of the reviewer. Despite this model's optimistic conditions, we find that one would need hundreds of submissions to classify even a small reviewer subset. Thus, it is virtually unfeasible under realistic conditions. This ensures that the peer review system is sufficiently robust to allow authors to suggest their own reviewers.
LoCuSS: First Results from Strong-lensing Analysis of 20 Massive Galaxy Clusters at z~0.2
Creators: name: Richard, Johan
name: Smith, Graham P.
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
name: Ellis, Richard
name: Sanderson, Alastair J. R.
name: Pei, Liuyi
name: Targett, Thomas
name: Sand, David
name: Swinbank, Mark
name: Dannerbauer, Helmut
name: Mazzotta, Pasquale
name: Limousin, Marceau
name: Egami, Eiichi
name: Jullo, Eric
name: Hamilton-Morris, Victoria
name: Moran, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical analysis of a sample of 20 strong lensing clusters drawn from the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS), based on high resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the cluster cores and follow-up spectroscopic observations using the Keck-I telescope. We use detailed parameterized models of the mass distribution in the cluster cores, to measure the total cluster mass and fraction of that mass associated with substructures within R<250kpc.These measurements are compared with the distribution of baryons in the cores, as traced by the old stellar populations and the X-ray emitting intracluster medium. Our main results include: (i) the distribution of Einstein radii is log-normal, with a peak and 1sigma width of =1.16+/-0.28; (ii) we detect an X-ray/lensing mass discrepancy of =1.3 at 3 sigma significance -- clusters with larger substructure fractions displaying greater mass discrepancies, and thus greater departures from hydrostatic equilibrium; (iii) cluster substructure fraction is also correlated with the slope of the gas density profile on small scales, implying a connection between cluster-cluster mergers and gas cooling. Overall our results are consistent with the view that cluster-cluster mergers play a prominent role in shaping the properties of cluster cores, in particular causing departures from hydrostatic equilibrium, and possibly disturbing cool cores. Our results do not support recent claims that large Einstein radius clusters present a challenge to the CDM paradigm.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, replaced with accepted version
Exact Gravitational Dual of a Plasma Ball
Creators: name: Emparan, Roberto
name: Milanesi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exact solution for a black hole localized near an infrared wall in four-dimensional anti-deSitter space. By computing the holographic stress tensor we show that the CFT dual of the black hole is a 2+1-dimensional ball (i.e., a disk) of plasma at finite temperature, surrounded by vacuum. This confirms some earlier conjectures about plasma balls in AdS/CFT. We also estimate the value of the surface tension for the ball. The solution displays a number of peculiarities, most notably a non-trivial curvature of the boundary geometry, as well as other properties associated to the vanishing deconfinement temperature of the set up. We discuss how these features are related to specific physics at the infrared and ultraviolet boundaries for this solution, and should not be generic properties of plasma balls.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures
title: Reproductive Ecology of Wyoming Big Sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata SSP. Wyomingensis) : Effects of Herbivory and Competition
Creators: name: Decker, Richard T.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1990

description: Herbivory and plant competition affect sexual reproduction of plants in various ways. Exclusion of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and cattle, removal of plant competition (both inter- and intraspecific), and all combinations of the above treatments were used to examine the individual and combined affects on Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Wyoming big sagebrush) reproduction. Reproduction of Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis was divided into hierarchical levels of the number of: (1) modules per current-year ' s growth (CYG), (2) nodes per module, (3) inflorescence heads per node, (4) achenes per inflorescence head and (5) percent viable achenes. Counts at hierarchical levels were made to determine the level affected by the treatments.
Deer herbivory significantly reduced reproduction at the reproductive-module-per-CYG-vegetative-biomass hierarchical level, while plant competition (both inter- and intraspecific) significantly reduced reproduction at the nodes-per-reproductive-module level and at the inflorescence-heads-per-node level. Cattle presence had neither a beneficial nor detrimental influence on reproduction during this two-year study. The combined effects of release from deer herbivory and from plant competition on reproduction was more than additive because these biotic interactions affected nested hierarchical levels.
Biomethane Potential Test: Influence of Inoculum and the Digestion System
Creators: name: Hülsemann, Benedikt
name: Zhou, Lijun
name: Merkle, Wolfgang
name: Hassa, Juli
name: Müller, Joachim
name: Oechsner, Hans
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Anaerobic digestion inter-laboratory test
subject: Biochemical methane potential test
subject: Biogas
subject: Inoculum
subject: Methane
subject: 600

description: High precision of measurement of methane potential is important for the economic operation of biogas plants in the future. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) test based on the VDI 4630 protocol is the state-of-the-art method to determine the methane potential in Germany. The coefficient of variation (CV) of methane yield was >10% in several previous inter-laboratory tests. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of inoculum and the digestion system on the measurement variability. Methane yield and methane percentage of five substrates were investigated in a Hohenheim biogas yield test (D-HBT) by using five inocula, which were used several times in inter- laboratory tests. The same substrates and inocula were also tested in other digestion systems. To control the quality of the inocula, the effect of adding trace elements (TE) and the microbial community was investigated. Adding TE had no influence for the selected, well- supplied inocula and the community composition depended on the source of the inocula. The CV of the specific methane yield was <4.8% by using different inocula in one D-HBT (D-HBT1) and <12.8% by using different digestion systems compared to D-HBT1. Incubation time between 7 and 14 days resulted in a deviation in CV of <4.8%.
Strain-invariant, highly water stable all-organic soft conductors based on ultralight multi-layered foam-like framework structures
Creators: name: Barg, Igor
name: Kohlmann, Niklas
name: Rasch, Florian
name: Strunskus, Thomas
name: Adelung, Rainer
name: Kienle, Lorenz
name: Faupel, Franz
name: Schröder, Stefan
name: Schütt, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft and flexible conductors are essential in the development of soft robots, wearable electronics, as well as electronic tissue and implants. However, conventional soft conductors are inherently characterized by a large change in conductance upon mechanical deformation or under alternating environmental conditions, e.g., humidity, drastically limiting their application potential and performance. Here, we demonstrate a novel concept for the development of strain-invariant, fatigue resistant and highly water stable soft conductor. By combining different thin film technologies in a three-dimensional fashion, we develop nano- and micro-engineered, multi-layered (< 50 nm), ultra-lightweight (< 15 mg/cm$^3$) foam-like composite framework structures based on PEDOT:PSS and PTFE. The all-organic composite framework structures are characterized by conductivities of up to 184 S/m, remaining strain-invariant between 80 % compressive and 25 % tensile strain. We further show, that the multi-layered composites are characterized by properties that surpass that of framework structures based on the individual materials. Both, the initial electrical and mechanical properties of the composite framework structures are retained during long-term cycling, even after 2000 cycles at 50 % compression. Furthermore, the PTFE functionalization renders the framework structure highly hydrophobic, resulting in stable electrical properties, even when immersed in water for up to 30 days. The here presented concept overcomes the previous limitations of strain-invariant soft conductors and demonstrates for the first time a versatile approach for the development of innovative multi-scaled and multi-layered functional materials, for applications in soft electronics, energy storage and conversion, sensing, catalysis, water and air purification, as well as biomedicine.
description: Corresponding authors: Dr.-Ing. Fabian Sch\"utt (fas@tf.uni-kiel.de) and Dr.-Ing. Stefan Schr\"oder (ssch@tf.uni-kiel.de); Shared senior authorship: Dr.-Ing. Fabian Sch\"utt and Dr.-Ing. Stefan Schr\"oder
A Comprehensive Analysis of Acknowledgement Texts in Web of Science: a case study on four scientific domains
Creators: name: Smirnova, Nina
name: Mayr, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Analysis of acknowledgments is particularly interesting as acknowledgments may give information not only about funding, but they are also able to reveal hidden contributions to authorship and the researcher's collaboration patterns, context in which research was conducted, and specific aspects of the academic work. The focus of the present research is the analysis of a large sample of acknowledgement texts indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. Record types 'article' and 'review' from four different scientific domains, namely social sciences, economics, oceanography and computer science, published from 2014 to 2019 in a scientific journal in English were considered. Six types of acknowledged entities, i.e., funding agency, grant number, individuals, university, corporation and miscellaneous, were extracted from the acknowledgement texts using a Named Entity Recognition (NER) tagger and subsequently examined. A general analysis of the acknowledgement texts showed that indexing of funding information in WoS is incomplete. The analysis of the automatically extracted entities revealed differences and distinct patterns in the distribution of acknowledged entities of different types between different scientific domains. A strong association was found between acknowledged entity and scientific domain and acknowledged entity and entity type. Only negligible correlation was found between the number of citations and the number of acknowledged entities. Generally, the number of words in the acknowledgement texts positively correlates with the number of acknowledged funding organizations, universities, individuals and miscellaneous entities. At the same time, acknowledgement texts with the larger number of sentences have more acknowledged individuals and miscellaneous categories.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures, accepted in Scientometrics
An Analysis of Fusion Functions for Hybrid Retrieval
Creators: name: Bruch, Sebastian
name: Gai, Siyu
name: Ingber, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study hybrid search in text retrieval where lexical and semantic search are fused together with the intuition that the two are complementary in how they model relevance. In particular, we examine fusion by a convex combination (CC) of lexical and semantic scores, as well as the Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF) method, and identify their advantages and potential pitfalls. Contrary to existing studies, we find RRF to be sensitive to its parameters; that the learning of a CC fusion is generally agnostic to the choice of score normalization; that CC outperforms RRF in in-domain and out-of-domain settings; and finally, that CC is sample efficient, requiring only a small set of training examples to tune its only parameter to a target domain.
Temperature Dependence of Magnetophonon Resistance Oscillations in GaAs/AlAs Heterostructures at High Filling Factors
Creators: name: Bykov, A. A.
name: Goran, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependence of phonon-induced resistance oscillations has been investigated in two-dimensional electron system with moderate mobility at large filling factors at temperature range T = 7.4 - 25.4 K. The amplitude of phonon-induced oscillations has been found to be governed by quantum relaxation time which is determined by electron-electron interaction effects. This is in agreement with results recently obtained in ultra-high mobility two-dimensional electron system with low electron density [A. T. Hatke et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 086808 (2009)]. The shift of the main maximum of the magnetophonon resistance oscillations to higher magnetic fields with increasing temperature is observed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Effects of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization on Yield and Economic Benefit of Major Crops in Burundi
Creators: name: LIU  Kaiqiang
name: HUANG Yuyi
name: HUANG Yanfei
name: CHEN Guifen
name: GAO Guoqing
name: LIU  Kaiqiang
name: HUANG Yuyi
name: HUANG Yanfei
name: CHEN Guifen
name: GAO Guoqing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Burundi, Soil testing and formulated fertilization technology, Yield, Economic benefit

description: [Objectives] The purpose of this study was to provide technical support for high-yield cultivation of major crops in Burundi, thereby increasing local farmers’ income and promoting sustainable development of agriculture in Burundi. [Methods] In the IMBO and MOSO test stations of the Burundi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Burundi Fruit and Vegetable Extension and Service Center, soil testing and formulated fertilization test and demonstration was carried out in rice, maize and cabbage. The test set up three treatments, soil testing and formulated fertilization (STFF), local routine fertilization (RF) and non-fertilization (CK) to investigate the effects of soil testing and formulated fertilization on the yield and economic benefit of the crops. [Results] In the plot test, the yield and net economic benefit of rice, maize and cabbage were both highest in the STFF treatment. Compared with those in the RF treatment, the yield of rice, maize and cabbage increased by 19.0%, 25.7% and 33.0%, respectively, and the net economic benefit increased by 4 292, 2 837 and 8 232 yuan/ha, respectively. In the field test, the yield and net economic benefit of rice, maize and cabbage were also both highest in the STFF treatment. The yield increased by 18.1%, 24.3% and 25.9%, respectively, and the net economic benefit increased by 4 142, 2 881 and 8 665 yuan/ha, respectively compared with those in the RF treatment. [Conclusions] Soil testing and formulated fertilization not only increased rice, maize and cabbage yield per unit area, but also increased farmers' income in Burundi. It is one of the important technical measures to promote the increase of agricultural production and income in Burundi.
title: The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act: Perspectives on Private Land Issues
Creators: name: Weiner, Gary R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1990

description: The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act is the nation's principal tool for accomplishing river conservation. Congress intended for the Act to apply to rivers regardless of ownership of adjacent lands, but efforts to implement the Act on rivers bordered by private property have met with limited success. This paper presents the underlying issues related to private land applications, explores the range of ideas and opinions existing among river conservation experts, agency river planners and others regarding how to work with these issues, identifies areas of general concurrence and least agreement, and makes recommendations for future private land applications of the Act.
Microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of particulate reinforced Al matrix composites: a comparative study between SiC particles and high-entropy alloy particles
Creators: name: Lu, Tiwen
name: He, Tianbing
name: Li, Zixuan
name: Chen, Hongyu
name: Han, Xiaoliang
name: Fu, Zhiqiang
name: Chen, Weiping
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Al matrix composites
subject: SiC particle
subject: High-entropy alloy particle
subject: Microstructure
subject: Mechanical properties
subject: Machinability
subject: 620

description: In this study, 2024Al matrix composites reinforced by SiC particles (SiC-2024Al) and nanocrystalline high-entropy alloy particles (HEA-2024Al) fabricated by powder metallurgy were systematically compared for the first time. There is a significant difference in microstructure and mechanical properties as well as machinability between two kinds of composites. In term of microstructure, when the volume fraction of reinforcements was 10%, both SiC-2024Al and HEA-2024Al composites showed a homogeneous particle distribution in the matrix. With the increase of reinforcement content, HEA-2024Al composites presented denser microstructure than that of SiC-2024Al composites. The composites with 10, 20 and 30 vol.% HEA reinforcements all showed better plasticity than that of the SiC-2024Al composites with same volume fraction of reinforcements, which was related with better particle distribution and interface bonding. However, the strength showed the opposite tendency in the two kinds of composites. Selecting 10SiC-2024Al and 10HEA-2024Al composites as examples to explore the difference in the yield strength of two kinds of composites, it is ascribed to the dislocation punched zones around interface between the Al matrix and reinforcements, which was analyzed in detail by a combination of calculation, nanoindentation tests and finite element analysis. Additionally, HEA-2024Al composites showed better machinability than those of SiC-2024Al composites. This work provides insight into the application of particulate reinforced Al matrix composites.
The associated photoproduction of K+ meson off proton within a coupled-channels K-matrix approach
Creators: name: Shyam, R.
name: Scholten, O.
name: Lenske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the p(gamma,K+)Lambda and p(gamma,K+)Sigma^0 reactions within a coupled-channels effective-Lagrangian method which is based on the K-matrix approach. The two-body final channels included are pi-N, eta-N, phi-N, rho-N, gamma-N, K-Lambda, and K-Sigma. Non-resonant meson-baryon interactions are included in the model via nucleon intermediate states in the s- and u-channels and meson exchanges in the t-channel amplitude and the u-channel resonances. The nucleon resonances S11 (1535), S11 (1650), S31 (1620), P11 (1440), P11 (1710), P13 (1720), P33 (1232), P33 (1600), D13 (1520), D13 (1700), and D33 (1700) are included explicitly in the calculations. With a single parameter set which was derived earlier from our analysis of the eta meson photoproduction, the model describes well all the available cross section and polarization data of the SAPHIR collaboration for the two investigated channels. The description of the data of the CLAS collaboration, however, is not of the same quality. In contrast to some previous studies, we do not find any compelling need for including a D13 state with mass of around 2.0 GeV in order to reproduce the data for the p(gamma,K+)Lambda reaction at photon energies corresponding to the invariant mass around 1.9 GeV.
description: 30 pages, 23 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. C
title: Effects of Cannulation, BST Administration and Protein Degradability on Rumen and Duodenal Characteristics and Milk Production Response in Holstein Dairy Cows
Creators: name: Winsryg, Margaret D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1990

description: Bovine somatotropin (bST) is a protein synthesized at the base of the brain and released by the pituitary gland into the circulatory system. BST is transported by the circulatory system and absorbed only by cells of target organs that possess cell surface receptors for the protein (11, 41). Its effect is initiated via a protein receptor initiation and cyclic AMP cascade . This effect on the cell continues well past the degradation of the bST molecule. BST is likely transported into the cell, where it is degraded . Its constituent blocks, amino acids, are used to synthesize new proteins or converted to other metabolites such as sugars (1).
$B \to K^{\ast} l^+ l^-$, $K l^+ l^-$ decays in a family non-universal $Z^{\prime}$ model
Creators: name: Chang, Qin
name: Li, Xin-Qiang
name: Yang, Ya-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the observed forward-backward asymmetry in $B\to K^{\ast} l^+ l^-$ decay, we perform a detailed analysis of this decay mode within a family non-universal $Z^{\prime}$ model. With the related coupling $Z^{\prime}-\bar{s}b$ constrained by $\bar{B}_s-B_s$ mixing, $B\to πK$, and $B\to X_s μ^{+}μ^{-}$ decays, we look for further constraint on the couplings $Z^{\prime}-μ^{+}μ^{-}$ from $A_{FB}(B\to K^{\ast} μ^{+}μ^{-})_{0 {\rm GeV}^2\leqslant q^2\leqslant 2 {\rm GeV}^2}$ and get numerically $B_{μμ}^{L,R}\sim{\cal O}(10^{-2})$. Moreover, we find that the relations, $B_{μμ}^{L}
description: 20 pages, 3 figures. To appear in JHEP
Application of Genetic Rules of Quality Traits in the Selection of Watermelon Inbred Lines
Creators: name: LUO Xiaodan
name: HOU Shengcan
name: HUO  Zhibang
name: CHENG Zhiqiang
name: FAN Junlong
name: LUO Xiaodan
name: HOU Shengcan
name: HUO  Zhibang
name: CHENG Zhiqiang
name: FAN Junlong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Watermelon, Inbred line, Quality trait, Selection

description: On the basis of ascertaining the dominant and recessive relationship and separation ratio of quality traits such as leaf type and peel stripes, the separation of dominant and recessive traits was studied to infer whether the genes of the previous generation were homozygous. Individuals with homozygous recessive traits can be confirmed in F2 generation, and homozygous single lines with dominant traits can be confirmed in F3 generation, which speeds up the breeding process of watermelon inbred lines.
A Continuous Convolutional Trainable Filter for Modelling Unstructured Data
Creators: name: Coscia, Dario
name: Meneghetti, Laura
name: Demo, Nicola
name: Stabile, Giovanni
name: Rozza, Gianluigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is one of the most important architectures in deep learning. The fundamental building block of a CNN is a trainable filter, represented as a discrete grid, used to perform convolution on discrete input data. In this work, we propose a continuous version of a trainable convolutional filter able to work also with unstructured data. This new framework allows exploring CNNs beyond discrete domains, enlarging the usage of this important learning technique for many more complex problems. Our experiments show that the continuous filter can achieve a level of accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art discrete filter, and that it can be used in current deep learning architectures as a building block to solve problems with unstructured domains as well.
Vimentin intermediate filament rings deform the nucleus during the first steps of adhesion
Creators: name: Terriac, E.
name: Schütz, S.
name: Lautenschläger, F.
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Adhesion
subject: Cell spreading
subject: Nuclear deformation
subject: Ring
subject: Vimentin
subject: 570

description: During cell spreading, cells undergo many changes to their architecture and their mechanical properties. Vimentin, as an integral part of the cell architecture, and its mechanical stability must adapt to the new state of the cell. This study focuses on the structures formed by vimentin during the first steps of cell adhesion. Very early, ball-like structures, or “knots,” are seen and often vimentin filaments emerge in the shape of rings around the nucleus. Although intermediate filaments are not known to be associated to motor proteins to form contractile systems, these rings can nonetheless strongly deform the cell nucleus. In the first 6 to 12 h of adhesion, these vimentin knots and rings disappear, and the intermediate filament network returns to the state seen before detachment of the cells. As these vimentin structures are very transient in the early steps of cell spreading, they have rarely been described in the literature. However, they can also be seen during mitosis, which is an event that involves partial detachment and re-spreading of the cells. Interestingly, the turnover dynamics of vimentin are reduced in both the knots and rings, compared to vimentin in the lamellipodia. It remains to define how the force is transmitted from the ball-like structures to the rings, and to measure the impact of such strong nuclear deformation on gene expression during cell re-spreading and the rearrangement of the vimentin network. Copyright © 2019 Terriac, Schütz and Lautenschläger. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
title: Amelioration Effects of Calcium Amendments on the Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Under Sodium Stress
Creators: name: Awada, Salam Mahmoud
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1991

description: Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the amelioration effect of Ca salts (CaS04 and CaC12 ) on the growth of snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under sodium stress and to determine the effect of ion speciation on the uptake of Ca, Na, S04, and Cl by snapbeans.
In Experiment 1, the seeds were grown in styrofoam pots, with a growing medium of sand and vermiculite at a volume ratio of 3:1. The treatment solutions were 0 (Hoagland's solution), 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmolc/L NaCl or Na2S04.
Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that NaCl treatments depressed the growth of snapbeans more than corresponding Na 2S04 treatments. Also NaCl treatments increased the uptake of Na and Ca as compared to Na2S04treatments. Sodium uptake appeared to be related to the concentrations of complex species rather than to free Na ion, whereas Ca uptake strongly correlated with free Ca2+ concentration.
In Experiment 2, the seeds were grown in a sand growing medium. The treatment solutions were 0 (Hoagland's solution), 15, 30, 45, and 60 mmolc/L NaCl or Na2S04 , combined with CaSO4 • 2H20 or CaCl2 • 2H20 at concentrations of 15 or 30 mmolc/L . In addition, one replicate was planted in PVC cells (with electrodes) in order to monitor the electrical conductivity of the media using the four probe.
The results showed that addition of CaS04 to NaCl or Na2S04 was associated with a better amelioration of Na stress than CaCl2 • Also the presence of CaS04 , with NaCl or Na2S04 , decreased the uptake of Ca and Na ions relative to CaCl2 treatment. Ion speciation data suggested that Na complexation was more important than free ion concentration in affecting Na uptake by the plant, whereas Ca, S04 , and Cl uptake were correlated to free ion concentrations.
With respect to EC, determinations, the four probe was used to monitor salinity during the whole experiment period. Ion speciation data showed that Na2S04 treatments had a lower EC than NaCl at the same molar concentration levels. Also, CaS04 treatments, regardless of the Na salt, had lower EC values than CaCl2 treatments of equal concentration.
Crystal structure of (η4-cycloocta-1,5-dien)-N-(2- (diphenylphosphinooxy)-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)-N-(pentan-3-yl)-1, 1-diphenylphosphinamine-rhodium(I) tetrafluoroborate, [Rh(C8H 12)(C42H43NO2P2)][BF 4]
Creators: name: Dai, Z.
name: Heller, D.
name: Preetz, A.
name: Drexler, H.-J.
Publisher: name: Berlin : de Gruyter
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crystal structure
subject: Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 540

description: C50H55BF4NO2P2Rh, monoclinic, P1211 (no. 4), a = 12.722(3) Å, b = 15.248(3) Å, c = 12.818(3) Å, β = 115.80(3)°, V = 2238.7 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.036, wRref(F 2) = 0.079, T = 200 K. © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
title: Potassium and Sodium Interrelations in Alfalfa Phenotypes Grown on Calcareous Soil
Creators: name: Dhumal, Suresh S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1991

description: Three greenhouse experiments were conducted with three phenotypes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) obtained from a potassium (K)-deficient field and with their diallel crosses grown on low K soil. The first experiment was conduc ted to study the partitioning and broad-sense heritability of K a nd sodium (Na) between leaves and stems of the three phenotypes which were deficient in K and exhibited normal (N), marginal chlorotic (M), and white spot chlorotic (W) leaflets. The second experiment was conducted to study the partitioning of K and Na in leaves, stems, and roots as influenced by 32 alfalfa crosses obtained from diallel crossing of the mother plants of the three phenotypes. The objectives of the third experiment were to study the effects and interactions of nine alfalfa crosses and three soil K and Na levels on transpiration, biomass, and elemental composition of alfalfa components.
The three phenotypes showed no variations in their leaf and stem K concentrations but varied in their ability to partition Na between the leaves and stems. Phenotype M accumulated more Na compared to N and W phenotypes. The Na trait was highly heritable in the broad sense.
The K and Na concentrations varied among the diallel crosses. Crosses with M as the maternal parent had high Na concentrations in leaves while stems and roots accumulated lesser amounts. In contrast, the remaining crosses had higher Na concentrations in roots and lower and least amounts in stems and leaves, respectively.
Significant genetic variation among alfalfa crosses from a single cultivar was observed for transpiration, biomass production, plant water-use efficiency, elemental concentrations, and K utilization efficiency. Leaf and stem biomass and K concentrations in alfalfa components increased in response to increasing soil K levels. The Na concentrations in stems and roots fell in response to increasing soil K levels and increased in response to Na application. The K utilization efficiency of alfalfa increased with increase in soil Na levels, indicating partial Na substitution for K.
The differences among alfalfa phenotypes and crosses from a single cultivar in their Na accumulation and translocation were thought to be governed by plant genetics rather than the direct effect of K availability.
Laser written waveguide photonic quantum circuits
Creators: name: Marshall, G. D.
name: Politi, A.
name: Matthews, J. C. F.
name: Dekker, P.
name: Ams, M.
name: Withford, M. J.
name: O'Brien, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report photonic quantum circuits created using an ultrafast laser processing technique that is rapid, requires no lithographic mask and can be used to create three-dimensional networks of waveguide devices. We have characterized directional couplers--the key functional elements of photonic quantum circuits--and found that they perform as well as lithographically produced waveguide devices. We further demonstrate high-performance interferometers and an important multi-photon quantum interference phenomenon for the first time in integrated optics. This direct-write approach will enable the rapid development of sophisticated quantum optical circuits and their scaling into three-dimensions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Optics Express 04/04/2009, accepted for publication 30/06/09
Urban Development in Honiara: Harnessing Opportunities, Embracing Change
Creators: name: Keen, Meg
name: Barbara, Julien
name: Carpenter, Jessica
name: Evans, Daniel
name: Foukona, Joseph D.
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: Dept. of Pacific Affairs, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University
Year: 2017

description: Honiara and its surrounding urban areas have the highest levels of population growth in the South Pacific, and the population could treble by 2050. Such rapid growth presents huge challenges, but also great opportunities. This report looks at how the people living in Honiara can manage growth and embrace urban opportunities. The authors consider possible pathways to enhance: urban policy and governance; diverse partnerships across communities, sectors and levels of government; economic prosperity and livelihoods; and urban-rural linkages. Within the community, there are many ideas and initiatives occurring right now to make Honiara a better place, and also many views of appropriate pathways forward. This report is an effort to capture current practice, the lessons learned that can shape the future, and possible pathways forward for Solomon Islanders to consider.
title: Analyses of Somaclonal Variation in Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Creators: name: Hashim, Zahra Noori
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1988

description: Somaclonal variation, to provide germplasm for crop improvement, must be screened, selected and characterized. Immature wheat, Triticum aestivum L., (PCYT-10) embryos (10-12 days old) were cultured on Hu rashige and Skoog (t1S) medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 6- furfurylaminopurine (kinet in) and 2, 3, or 4 mg L -1 of 1- methoxy-3,6- dichlorobenzoic acid (2,4-D). Dicamba, at 2 and 3 mg L -l and 0.2 mg L -1 2,4-D, produced 12.7%, 30.3%, and 28.2% of the somaclones, respectively. No plantlets were produced from other treatments. Variants were characterized by cytology, biochemistry and morphology. Somaclones showed significant differences in length and width of flag leaf, plant height, number of tillers, spike length, awn length, and number of seeds per main head when compared to parental controls for two sal fed recurrent generations. Number of spikelets per main head in the second generation showed no significant difference from controls. Stability and segregation of somaclones for measured traits indicated that genetic changes had occurred which could enhance wheat germplasm.
Leaf isozymes of somaclones (SC 1 and sc 2 ) showed no variation in glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) (E.C . 2. 6. 2.1. ), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) (E.C. 3.4.11.1), or esterase (EST) (E.C. 3.4. 99) bands in 28% of the somaclones, 28% with light, and 44% missing a fast movind band. Approximately 30% of the normal group set no seeds. Mutants with the missing band were stable through the fourth-selfed generation, whereas, variants with the light EP band were still segregating . Plants with the missing EP band were morphologically normal compared to the parents except rachis internodes were longer than those of the parents.
There was no correlation between the missing EP band and a missing chromosome in some mutants. The mutant may have been due to a point mutation, deletion, or activation of a repressor gene. Variants exhibited a wide range of protein density and missing or extra bands.
Relative amounts of DNA per telophase nucleus were affected by inorganic salts and sucrose levels. Ploidy level increased with time within single-strength MS, but not within double MS medium. Cal li grown on the modified double MS medium exhibited a higher number of shoots than those grown on modified MS.
Individual variants with desirable characteristics with high seed production, high protein levels, supernumerary spikelets, and larger flag leaves could be incorporated into a wheat improvement program.