cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Database of Candidate Targets for the LIFE Mission
Creators: name: Menti, Franziska
name: Caballero, José A.
name: Wyatt, Mark C.
name: Muñoz, Antonio García
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Alei, Eleonora
name: Demleitner, Markus
name: Kennedy, Grant
name: Lichtenberg, Tim
name: Schmitt, Uwe
name: Schonhut-Stasik, Jessica S.
name: Wang, Haiyang S.
name: Quanz, Sascha P.
name: Collaboration, the LIFE
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the database of potential targets for the Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE), a space-based mid-infrared nulling interferometer mission proposed for the Voyage 2050 science program of the European Space Agency (ESA). The database features stars, their planets and disks, main astrophysical parameters, and ancillary observations. It allows users to create target lists based on various criteria to predict, for instance, exoplanet detection yields for the LIFE mission. As such, it enables mission design trade-offs, provides context for the analysis of data obtained by LIFE, and flags critical missing data. Work on the database is in progress, but given its relevance to LIFE and other space missions, including the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), we present its main features here. A preliminary version of the LIFE database is publicly available on the German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (GAVO).
description: RNAAS published, 3 pages, 1 figure
title: Workingpaper "Digitales Publizieren"
Creators: name: Schwaderer, Christian
name: Stäcker, Thomas
name: Walkowski, Niels Oliver
name: Baillot, Anne
name: Ernst, Thomas
name: Baum, Constanze
name: Chen, Esther
name: Steyer, Timo
name: Kaden, Ben
name: Kleineberg, Michael
Publisher: name: WDB - Wolfenbüttel Digital Library
Year: 2016

description: DHd Workingpaper
Pathologies in satisfaction classes
Creators: name: Abdul-Quader, Athar
name: Łełyk, Mateusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C62, 03H15

description: We study subsets of countable recursively saturated models of $\mathsf{PA}$ which can be defined using pathologies in satisfaction classes. More precisely, we characterize those subsets $X$ such that there is a satisfaction class $S$ where $S$ behaves correctly on an idempotent disjunction of length $c$ if and only if $c \in X$. We generalize this result to characterize several types of pathologies including double negations, blocks of extraneous quantifiers, and binary disjunctions and conjunctions. We find a surprising relationship between the cuts which can be defined in this way and arithmetic saturation: namely, a countable nonstandard model is arithmetically saturated if and only if every cut can be the "idempotent disjunctively correct cut" in some satisfaction class. We describe the relationship between types of pathologies and the closure properties of the cuts defined by these pathologies.
title: Accepting and Modeling Uncertainty
Creators: name: Piotrowski, Michael
Publisher: name: Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel
Year: 2019

description: Die Modellierung des Zweifels – Schlüsselideen und -konzepte zur graphbasierten Modellierung von Unsicherheiten.
            [Ausgewählte Beiträge der Tagung 19.-20.01.2018 an der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz]
            Hg. von Andreas Kuczera / Thorsten Wübbena / Thomas Kollatz. Wolfenbüttel 2019. (= Zeitschrift für digitale Geisteswissenschaften / Sonderbände, 4)
description: Unsicherheit ist eine Herausforderung für die Erstellung informatischer Modelle in den Geisteswissenschaften: wir können sie weder ignorieren, noch eliminieren, daher müssen wir sie modellieren – und benötigen dafür entsprechende formale Modelle. Solche Modelle existieren und werden in verschiedenen Bereichen praktisch eingesetzt. Ebenso gibt es aktive Grundlagenforschung zu Unsicherheit und ihrer Repräsentation in Mathematik, Philosophie und Informatik. Manche der dort entwickelten Ansätze könnten auch für die Modellierung von Unsicherheit in den Geisteswissenschaften interessant sein – aber es fehlt bisher eine Brücke, um diese Ansätze auf ihre Eignung in den Geisteswissenschaften überprüfen zu können. Wir vertreten die Ansicht, dass die digitalen Geisteswissenschaften Unsicherheit über projektspezifische Modelle hinaus betrachten muss; insbesondere müssen wir ein besseres Verständnis von Unsicherheit in den Geisteswissenschaften anstreben, um allgemeinere Ansätze für ihre Behandlung zu entwickeln.
بررسی احکام، کارکردها و جایگاه مسجد
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: مینا اسفندیاری
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: مسجد،احکام،جایگاه،کارکردهای تربیتی

description: مسجد، همواره مهمترین پایگاه، پناهگاه و سنگر دفاع از حریم دین مقدس اسلام و تجلیگاه عشق، عبادت، خضوع و خشوع به درگاه پروردگار عالمیان بوده و قدمتی به اندازه خود اسلام دارد. اولین مسجد با ورود پیامبر اسلام(ص) به مدینه تاسیس شد و پیامبر گرامی اسلام(ص) پایه گذار اولین مسجد دنیای اسلام است. او مکانی را پایه گذاری کرد که علاوه بر عهده دار بودن نقش روحانی و معنوی، کانون فعالیت های اجتماعی مسلمانان نیز به شمار می رفت. بدین ترتیب مسجد که خود یک نهاد تمدن اسلامی بود به زودی، به عنصر مادی و عینی در کنار عنصر فرهنگی اسلام تبدیل شد و در تمدن سازی دخیل گشت و به تدریج با توسعه گسترده تمدن اسلامی جای خود را به عنوان نماد اسلام در سراسر بلاد اسلامی باز کرد به طوری که هر کجا و در هر شهر و قریه ای که مسجدی وجود داشت، آن منطقه جزیی از قلمرو فکری و فرهنگی و البته گاه سیاسی اسلام شمرده می شد. در این نوشتار سعی بر آن است تا ابتدا مراد از معنای واژه مسجد ذکر گردیده و سپس برخی احکام آن اعم از واجبات، مستحبات، مکروهات و حرام های آن و همچنین نقش های آن شامل پایگاه عبادت و یاد خدا، کارکردهای تربیتی و شکل دهی به جامعه اسلامی، پایگاه جهاد فکری و تعلیم و فراگیری معارف اسلامی، پایگاه انقلاب و حرکت بیان شود. در ادامه به اهمیت و فضیلت جایگاه مساجد پرداخته و روایاتی در این باره ذکر شده است، سپس به تبیین اغراض و فلسفه وجودی و فقهی مساجد بر مبنای روایتی از امام حسن مجتبی(ع) پرداخته و در خاتمه مطالبی در باب مسجد جامع و علت برگزاری نماز جمعه در آن ارایه گردیده است.
Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments
Creators: name: Yong, Shin Jie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Virology

description: Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome first gained widespread recognition among social support groups and later in scientific and medical communities. This illness is poorly understood as it affects COVID-19 survivors at all levels of disease severity, even younger adults, children, and those not hospitalized. While the precise definition of long COVID may be lacking, the most common symptoms reported in many studies are fatigue and dyspnoea that last for months after acute COVID-19. Other persistent symptoms may include cognitive and mental impairments, chest and joint pains, palpitations, myalgia, smell and taste dysfunctions, cough, headache, and gastrointestinal and cardiac issues. Presently, there is limited literature discussing the possible pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments in long COVID, which the current review aims to address. In brief, long COVID may be driven by long-term tissue damage (e.g. lung, brain, and heart) and pathological inflammation (e.g. from viral persistence, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity). The associated risk factors may include female sex, more than five early symptoms, early dyspnoea, prior psychiatric disorders, and specific biomarkers (e.g. D-dimer, CRP, and lymphocyte count), although more research is required to substantiate such risk factors. While preliminary evidence suggests that personalized rehabilitation training may help certain long COVID cases, therapeutic drugs repurposed from other similar conditions, such as myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and mast cell activation syndrome, also hold potential. In sum, this review hopes to provide the current understanding of what is known about long COVID.
جرائم قابل گذشت و غیرقابل گذشت و آثار آن
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: مینا اسفندیاری
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: جرم، قابل گذشت، غیرقابل گذشت

description: آن چه که عملی را به جرم تبدیل میکند جنبه بیرونی و عینی آن نیست؛ بلکه تعیین کننده جرم قضاوتی است که جامعه در مورد آن رفتار دارد. از نظر مذهب، جرم همان گناه است و همان طور که ارتکاب گناه فقط شخص گناه کار را در معرض عذاب الهی قرار می دهد، به همین ترتیب نیز ارتکاب جرم فقط باید شخص مجرم را در معرض مجازات قرار دهد. به همین خاطر سرایت مسیولیت به اقوام و نزدیکان مجرم امری برخلاف مذهب است.جرایم دریک تقسیم بندی به جرایم قابل گذشت و غیر قابل گذشت تقسیم می شوند در این نوشتار سعی بر ان شده تا ابتدا جرم را تعریف نموده و تفاوت آن از لحاظ فقهی و حقوقی بیان گردیده، سپس موضوع جرایم قابل گذشت و غیرقابل گذشت تعریف گردیده و آثار هر یک از آنها بر جامعه ذکر گردیده و در نهایت معیارهای تشخیص این دو دسته جرایم از هم مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.
Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis: a worse outcome? Results from a large multicentre retrospective Spanish cohort study
Creators: name: Suardi, Lorenzo Roberto
name: de Alarcón, Arístides
name: García, María Victoria
name: Ciezar, Antonio Plata
name: Tenorio, Carmen Hidalgo
name: Martinez-Marcos, Francisco Javier
name: Concejo-Martínez, Elena
name: De la Torre Lima, Javier
name: García, David Vinuesa
name: Márquez, Rafael Luque
name: Ojeda, Guillermo
name: Iglesias, José M. Reguera
name: Lomas, José M.
name: Lopez-Cortes, Luis E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To assess the impact of blood cultures negative infective endocarditis (BCNIE) on in-hospital mortality. Prospective multicentre study with retrospective analysis of a Spanish cohort including adult patients with definite IE. Cardiac implantable devices infection were excluded. Comparisons between blood cultures positive and BCNIE groups were performed to analyse in-hospital mortality. 1001 cases were included of which 83 (8.3%) had BCNIE. Alternative microbiological diagnosis was achieved for 39 (47%) out 83 cases. The most frequent identifications were: Coxiella burnetii (11; 28.2%), Tropheryma whipplei (4; 10.3%), Streptococcus gallolyticus (4;10.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (3; 7.7%). Surgery was performed more frequently in BCNIE group (57.8 vs. 36.9%, p < .001). All-cause in-hospital mortality rate was 26.7% without statistical difference between compared groups. BCNIE was not associated to worse mortality rate in Cox regression model (aHR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.90–2.07, p = .14). Absence of microbiological diagnosis was also not associated to worse in-hospital prognosis (aHR = 1.62, 95% CI 0.99–2.64, p = .06). In our cohort, BCNIE was not associated to greater in-hospital mortality based in multivariate Cox regression models. The variables most frequently associated with mortality were indicated but not performed surgery (aHR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.73–3.56, p < .001), septic shock (aHR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.68–2.99, p < .001), age over 65 years (aHR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.40-2.52, p < .001) and complicated endocarditis (aHR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.36–2.37, p < .001).
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Awareness and Prophylaxis Practices Reported by Patients with Cancer
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Anita
name: Fullam, Lisa
name: Brownstein, Alan P.
name: Maynard, Gregory A.
name: Ansell, Jack
name: Varga, Elizabeth A.
name: Richard. J. Friedman
name: Frederick. R. Rickles
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Hematology
Biological Sciences
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Medicine

description: Patients with cancer are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). An online survey to measure PE/DVT terminology awareness and understanding of VTE risks revealed 24% and 15% of the 500 cancer patients surveyed had heard of term DVT/PE; 19% and 17% could name signs/ symptoms of DVT/PE; 3% recognized cancer treatments as risk factors for DVT/PE. Only 25% of the patients received prevention education from providers; <50% received VTE prophylaxis. Cancer patient awareness of VTE terminology and cancer and/or its treatment as risk for VTE is low. More effective patient/physician dialogue about VTE risk and thromboprophylaxis is needed.
Eternal binaries
Creators: name: Redondo-Yuste, Jaime
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Macedo, Caio F. B.
name: van de Meent, Maarten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-body problem is extensively studied in open systems and asymptotically flat spacetimes. However, there are many systems where radiation is trapped: they range from radiating charges in cavities to low-energy excitations of massive degrees of freedom, to anti-de Sitter spacetimes. Here, we study the problem of motion of a pointlike particle orbiting a massive compact object inside a cavity. We first show that - assuming circular motion - there are initial conditions for which the self-force vanishes and the binary is eternal. We then consider the evolution of the system under radiation reaction in a toy model which we argue captures the essentials of orbiting particles. We show that eternal circular binaries may exist. We also show that the presence of cavity modes leads to chaos in regimes of strong coupling or when the system is initialized close enough to a resonance. Our results have implications for physics in anti-de Sitter spacetimes and possibly for binaries evolving within dark matter haloes, if it consists on massive fundamental fields.
description: 21 pages, 17 figures
Endocarditis and the impact of intravenous drug use: a cohort study
Creators: name: Lawrence, Christopher H. D.
name: Cheaveau, James
name: Kavourides, Michalis
name: Chadwick, David
name: McCarron, Brendan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: This cohort study is a comparison of infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users (IDUs) and non-IDUs within a single tertiary centre. We aim to quantify and describe the factors that influence prognosis and microbiological characteristics. All consecutive admissions to a tertiary referral hospital in the north of England with a diagnosis of endocarditis from April 2013 to January 2020 were identified. Outcomes were all-cause mortality at 30 days, 12 months and 3 years, length of stay and progression to surgery. A total of 303 cases were identified via clinical coding of which 287 cases of endocarditis were confirmed. First episode endocarditis was then confirmed in 263 episodes, 44 in IDUs and 219 in non-IDUs. Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was the most common organism seen overall, significantly more so in IDU than non-IDU cases (29/44 [65.9%] vs. 51/219 [23.3%], p < .001). Overall progression to valve surgery was similar between the two groups (92/219 [42.0%] vs. 19/44[43.2%], p = .886). In IDUs 30-d survival was 93% (80–98) and 3-year survival 47% (30–63%). In non-IDU 30-d survival was 88% (83–92%) and 60% (53–67%) at 3 years. Of the 19 IDUs who underwent valve surgery 7 (37%) survived to study completion without reinfection and 8 (42%) died following recurrent endocarditis. We demonstrate that prognosis in IDUs is worse than previously described, particularly in those undergoing valve surgery. This is despite comparable receipt of inpatient treatment to non-IDUs as demonstrated by equal length of stay and rates of surgery. Clinicians should consider the role of addictions services on discharge to break the cycle of reinfection.
Chemical composition, protoscolicidal effects and acute toxicity of Pistacia atlantica Desf. fruit extract
Creators: name: Mahmoudvand, Hossein
name: Kheirandish, Farnaz
name: Kia, Mehdi Ghasemi
name: Kareshk, Amir Tavakoli
name: Yarahmadi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and scolicidal effects of Pistacia atlantica Desf. extract against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts and its acute toxicity in mice model. Various concentrations of the methanolic extract (5–50 mg/mL) were used for 10–60 min. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed using eosin exclusion test (0.1%). Acute toxicity was also determined in mice model. The main components were β-myrcene (41.4%), α-pinene (32.48%) and limonene (4.66%). Findings demonstrated that P. atlantica extract at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/mL after 20 and 10 min of exposure killed 100% protoscoleces. The LD50 of the intraperitoneal injection of the P. atlantica methanolic extract was 2.43 g/kg and the maximum non-fatal dose was 1.66 g/kg. Obtained results showed the potential of P. atlantica extract as a natural source with no significant toxicity for the production of new scolicidal agent to use in hydatid cyst surgery.
Chondrostoma cyri Kessler 1877
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Chondrostoma
Chondrostoma cyri

description: 190. Chondrostoma cyri Kessler, 1877
Common name. Kura nase
Taxonomy. Original description: Chondrostoma cyri Kessler, 1877: 137, pl. 5 (fig. 21) [Kura River, Tbilisi, Georgia, Eurasia; syntypes: (8) BMNH 1897.7.5.27 [ex St. Petersberg Univ.] (1), ZIN 10919 (2)].
Revisions. None.
Illustrations. Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020: 135, fig. 241).
Distribution in Iran. —Distribution in River Basin: Caspian Sea.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 434-Kura-South Caspian Drainages.
Status in Iran. [Native].—Shekamsiah-e Aras.—Listed in previous checklists from Iran by Esmaeili et al. (2017 a, 2018); Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020) and Eagderi et al. (2022).—Iran material: ZM-CBSU.
Conservation. —IUCN: LC.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
Dairy Products and Inflammation: A Review of the Clinical Evidence
Creators: name: Bordoni, Alessandra
name: Danesi, Francesca
name: Dardevet, Dominique
name: Dupont, Didier
name: Fernandez, Aida S.
name: Gille, Doreen
name: Santos, Claudia Nunes Dos
name: Pinto, Paula
name: Re, Roberta
name: Rémond, Didier
name: Danit R Shahar
name: Vergères, Guy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology

description: Inflammation is a major biological process regulating the interaction between organisms and the environment, including the diet. Because of the increase in chronic inflammatory diseases, and in light of the immune-regulatory properties of breastfeeding, the ability of dairy products to modulate inflammatory processes in humans is an important but unresolved issue. Here, we report a systematic review of 52 clinical trials investigating inflammatory markers in relation to the consumption of dairy products. An inflammatory score (IS) was defined to quantitatively evaluate this interaction. The IS was significantly positive for the entire data set, indicating an anti-inflammatory activity in humans. When the subjects were stratified according to their health status, the IS was strongly indicative of an anti-inflammatory activity in subjects with metabolic disorders and of a pro-inflammatory activity in subjects allergic to bovine milk. Stratifying the data by product categories associated both low-fat and high-fat products, as well as fermented products, with an anti-inflammatory activity. Remarkably, the literature is characterized by a large gap in knowledge on bioavailability of bioactive nutrients. Future research should thus better combine food and nutritional sciences to adequately follow the fate of these nutrients along the gastrointestinal and metabolic axes.
Non-Abelian holonomy of Majorana zero modes coupled to a chaotic quantum dot
Creators: name: Geier, Max
name: Krøjer, Svend
name: von Oppen, Felix
name: Marcus, Charles M.
name: Flensberg, Karsten
name: Brouwer, Piet W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a quantum dot is coupled to a topological superconductor via tunneling contacts, each contact hosts a Majorana zero mode in the limit of zero transmission. Close to a resonance and at a finite contact transparency, the resonant level in the quantum dot couples the Majorana modes, but a ground state degeneracy per fermion parity subspace remains if the number of Majorana modes coupled to the dot is five or larger. Upon varying shape-defining gate voltages while remaining close to resonance, a nontrivial evolution within the degenerate ground-state manifold is achieved. We characterize the corresponding non-Abelian holonomy for a quantum dot with chaotic classical dynamics using random matrix theory and discuss measurable signatures of the non-Abelian time-evolution.
description: 4 + 32 pages, 3 + 18 figures; V2: published version
A blue tilt in the globular cluster system of the Milky Way-like galaxy NGC 5170
Creators: name: Forbes, Duncan
name: Spitler, Lee R.
name: Harris, W. E.
name: Bailin, Jeremy
name: Strader, Jay
name: Brodie, Jean
name: Larsen, S. S.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Here, we present Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging, in the B and I bands, of the edge-on Sb/Sc galaxy NGC 5170. Excluding the central disc region, we detect 142 objects with colours and sizes typical of globular clusters (GCs). Our main result is the discovery of a 'blue tilt' (a mass–metallicity relation), at the 3σ level, in the metal-poor GC subpopulation of this Milky Way like galaxy. The tilt is consistent with that seen in massive elliptical galaxies and with the self-enrichment model of Bailin & Harris. For a linear mass–metallicity relation, the tilt has the form Z∼L0.42±0.13 . We derive a total GC system population of 600 ± 100, making it much richer than the Milky Way. However, when this number is normalized by the host galaxy luminosity or stellar mass it is similar to that of M31. Finally, we report the presence of a potential Ultra Compact Dwarf of size ∼6 pc and luminosity MI∼−12.5 , assuming it is physically associated with NGC 5170.
جایگاه حقوق شهروندی در مدیریت شهری
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: بهدیس خلعتبری سلطانی
name: معصومه حصاری
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: حقوق شهروندی- شهروند- مدیریت شهری- شهر- قوانین و مقررات

description: امروزه شهروندی هم به عنوان هدف و هم معیار کیفیت زیستی جوامع و مشروعیت حکومت ها، اهمیت ویژه ای یافتهاست. وجه اکتسابی و ترویجی شهروندی نیازمند اقدام و توجه جدی نظام های شهری (مشتمل بر مدیریت های شهری،حکومت های شهری، دولت های شهری، سازمان های شهری، مقامات شهری و شهرداری ها) در بهره گیری از سیاستهای شهروند - سازی شهری برای تنظیم شکلی از روابط حاکمان با شهروندان و شهر است که بهترین شیوه زیست ومؤثرترین مواجهه را با مسائل پیچیده شهری امکانپذیر می سازد. «حقوق شهری» در ایران فاقد ایده شهروندی است.براین اساس، قوانین و مقررات شهری را می توان به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین نقاط اتصال بین مدیریت شهری وشهروندان قلمداد نمود. در این نوشتار هدف اصلی این پژوهش، جایگاه شهروندی در قوانین، مقررات شهری، حقوقشهروندی و عناصر مدیریت شهری است. با توجه به گفته های فوق این سؤالات مطرح می شود که:1.مدیریت شهری در حقوق شهروندی چه تأثیری دارد؟2.چگونه می توان حقوق شهروندی را در شهر محقق ساخت؟برای بررسی موضوع از روش کتابخانه ای و تحلیلی و توصیفی استفاده می شود. از این رو از دید شهری موضوع حقوقشهروندی، روابط مردم شهر،حقوق و تکالیف آنان در برابر یکدیگر و اصول و هدفها و وظایف و روش انجام آن است. درواقع حقوق شهروندی آمیخته است از وظایف و مسئولیتهای شهروندان در قبال یکدیگر، شهر و دولت یا قوای حاکم ومملکت و همچنین حقوق و امتیازاتی که وظیفه آن حقوق بر عهده مدیران شهری (شهرداری)، دولت یا به طور کلیقوای حاکم می باشد. در مقاله به طور کامل و مختصری به مباحث شهر،شهروندی و مفاهیم آنها، حقوق شهری وشهروندی، وضعیت آن در قوانین موجود، مشارکت و مدیریت شهروندی و در نهایت نتیجه گیری پرداخته خواهد شد.
Ballerus sapa
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Ballerus
Ballerus sapa

description: 188. Ballerus sapa (Pallas, 1814)
Common name. White-eye bream
Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus sapa Pallas, 1814: 328 [Volga River and tributaries; No types known].
Revisions. None.
Illustrations. None.
Distribution in Iran. —Distribution in River Basin: Caspian Sea.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 434-Kura-South Caspian Drainages.
Status in Iran. [Native].—Mahi sim kondpuzeh.—Listed in previous checklists from Iran by Esmaeili et al. (2017 a, 2018); Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020) and Eagderi et al. (2022).—Iran material: None.
Conservation. —IUCN: LC.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
JUMP: Joint communication and sensing with Unsynchronized transceivers Made Practical
Creators: name: Pegoraro, Jacopo
name: Lacruz, Jesus O.
name: Azzino, Tommy
name: Mezzavilla, Marco
name: Rossi, Michele
name: Widmer, Joerg
name: Rangan, Sundeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Wideband millimeter-wave communication systems can be extended to provide radar-like sensing capabilities on top of data communication, in a cost-effective manner. However, the development of joint communication and sensing technology is hindered by practical challenges, such as occlusions to the line-of-sight path and clock asynchrony between devices. The latter introduces time-varying timing and frequency offsets that prevent the estimation of sensing parameters and, in turn, the use of standard signal processing solutions. Existing approaches cannot be applied to commonly used phased-array receivers, as they build on stringent assumptions about the multipath environment, and are computationally complex. We present JUMP, the first system enabling practical bistatic and asynchronous joint communication and sensing, while achieving accurate target tracking and micro-Doppler extraction in realistic conditions. Our system compensates for the timing offset by exploiting the channel correlation across subsequent packets. Further, it tracks multipath reflections and eliminates frequency offsets by observing the phase of a dynamically-selected static reference path. JUMP has been implemented on a 60 GHz experimental platform, performing extensive evaluations of human motion sensing, including non-line-of-sight scenarios. In our results, JUMP attains comparable tracking performance to a full-duplex monostatic system and similar micro-Doppler quality with respect to a phase-locked bistatic receiver.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures
حکم فقهی و حقوقی تعاملات زن و مرد با یکدیگر
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: سیده فاطمه زهراحسینی
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: تبرج، جاهلیت اولی، زینت، جلباب، قواعد

description: عل یرغم اینکه انسان میل به زیبایی دارد همچنین این میل به زیبایی را با اظهار زیبایی و با جستجوی از زیبایی ارضاء می کنداما در آموزه های دینی مشاهده می کنیم که زنان از ارایه زیبایی های خود نهی شده اند این مسیله که در قرآن کریم از تبرج نهیشده این سوال را برمی انگیزاند که اولا تبرج چیست ثانیا اگر تبرج ارایه زینت هاست چرا باید برخلاف میل طبیعی انسانمورد نهی قرار گیرد برخی بر این باورند که نهی از تبرج نهی از ارایه زیباییهاست؛ از این رو در مقاله حاضر کوششی انجام گرفته تا در پرتوچیستی تبرج و عیار تحقق مصادیق آن شفاف سازی نموده و به دین پژوهان و دیگر مشتاقان حکم فقهی حقوقی تعاملات زن ومرد با یکدیگر را معین نماید. در پرتو کوشش یاد شده معلوم شد تبرج با خودنمایی و نشان دادن زیبایی های ذاتی و عارضیزن به نامحرمان ملازمه دارد. نهی از این خودنمایی و اظهار زینت ها، نهی مطلق نبوده بلکه نهی از آن برای نامحرمان بوده استتا با رعایت آن هم زنان از امنیت بیشتر برخوردار باشند و هم پیوندهای خانوادگی آسیب نبیند.
Two-step calibration of design weights in survey sampling
Creators: name: Sarjinder Singh
name: Sedory, Stephen Andrew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: In this article, a new two-step calibration technique of design weights is proposed. In the first step, the calibration weights are set proportional to the design weights in a given sample. In the second step, the constants of proportionality are determined based on different objectives of the investigator such as bias reduction or minimum mean squared error. Many estimators available in the literature can be shown to be special cases of the proposed two-step calibrated estimator. A simulation study, based on a real data set, is also included at the end. A few technical issues are raised with respect to the use of the proposed calibration technique: both limitations and benefits are discussed.
Two-step calibration of design weights in survey sampling
Creators: name: Sarjinder Singh
name: Sedory, Stephen Andrew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: In this article, a new two-step calibration technique of design weights is proposed. In the first step, the calibration weights are set proportional to the design weights in a given sample. In the second step, the constants of proportionality are determined based on different objectives of the investigator such as bias reduction or minimum mean squared error. Many estimators available in the literature can be shown to be special cases of the proposed two-step calibrated estimator. A simulation study, based on a real data set, is also included at the end. A few technical issues are raised with respect to the use of the proposed calibration technique: both limitations and benefits are discussed.
Chondrostoma esmaeilii Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Cicek & Coad 2017
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Chondrostoma
Chondrostoma esmaeilii

description: 191. Chondrostoma esmaeilii Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad, 2017
Common name. Tigris nase
Taxonomy. Original description: Chondrostoma esmaeilii Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad, 2017: 126, figs. 1, 2, 3B, 4 [Sarab-e Ravansar stream, Ravansar, Kermanshah Province, Iran, 34°42'38"N, 46°39'14"E; holotype: IMNRF-UT 1045-1].
Revisions. None.
Illustrations. Eagderi et al. (2017: 126, fig. 2).
Distribution in Iran. —Distribution in River Basin: Tigris.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris & Euphrates.
Status in Iran. [Endemic].—Kapor-e poze dar-e Esmaeili.— Esmaeili et al. (2018); Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020) and Eagderi et al. (2022).—Iran material: IMNRF-UT.
Conservation. —IUCN: NE.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
Lorryia Oudemans, 1925 sensu Kazmierski 1989
Creators: name: KhaustovK, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Acari
Tydeidae
Lorryia

description: Genus Lorryia Oudemans, 1925 sensu Kaźmierski, 1989
 Type species: Lorryia superba Oudemans, 1925, by original designation.
description: Published as part of KhaustovK, Alexander A., 2023, Contribution to the fauna of Tydeidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from Western Siberia, Russia, pp. 491-521 in Acarologia 63 (2) on page 492, DOI: 10.24349/7fyj-me9u, http://zenodo.org/record/10786527
Solvent-free, scalable and expeditious synthesis of benzanilides under microwave irradiation using clay doped with palladium nanoparticles as a recyclable and efficient catalyst
Creators: name: Dar, Bashir Ahmad
name: Pandey, Nalini
name: Snehil Singh
name: Purshotum Kumar
name: Mazahar Farooqui
name: Singh, Baldev
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Cell Biology
Biochemistry
Biophysics

description: Benzanilide synthesis through amide bond formation was effectively carried out by palladium-doped clay catalyst using microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions. Products were obtained with excellent yield in very short reaction time and only a small amount of the catalyst was used. The catalyst could be separated easily and recycled several times with insignificant loss in catalytic activity. No column purification was required and the products were purified by the crystallization method. The heterogeneous character of the catalyst in a ligand-free, solvent-free and base-free system supports for a practical and environmentally benign process.
Transformer-based Model Predictive Control: Trajectory Optimization via Sequence Modeling
Creators: name: Celestini, Davide
name: Gammelli, Daniele
name: Guffanti, Tommaso
name: D'Amico, Simone
name: Capello, Elisa
name: Pavone, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Model predictive control (MPC) has established itself as the primary methodology for constrained control, enabling general-purpose robot autonomy in diverse real-world scenarios. However, for most problems of interest, MPC relies on the recursive solution of highly non-convex trajectory optimization problems, leading to high computational complexity and strong dependency on initialization. In this work, we present a unified framework to combine the main strengths of optimization-based and learning-based methods for MPC. Our approach entails embedding high-capacity, transformer-based neural network models within the optimization process for trajectory generation, whereby the transformer provides a near-optimal initial guess, or target plan, to a non-convex optimization problem. Our experiments, performed in simulation and the real world onboard a free flyer platform, demonstrate the capabilities of our framework to improve MPC convergence and runtime. Compared to purely optimization-based approaches, results show that our approach can improve trajectory generation performance by up to 75%, reduce the number of solver iterations by up to 45%, and improve overall MPC runtime by 7x without loss in performance.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Datasets, videos and code available at: https://transformermpc.github.io
Two-Step Calibration of Design Weights in Survey Sampling
Creators: name: Sarjinder Singh
name: Sedory, Stephen Andrew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: In this paper, a new two-step calibration technique of design weights is proposed. In the first step, the calibration weights are set proportional to the design weights in a given sample. In the second step, the constants of proportionality are determined based on different objectives of the investigator such as bias reduction or minimum mean squared error. Many estimators available in the literature can be shown to be special cases of the proposed two-step calibrated estimator. A simulation study, based on a real data set, is also included at the end. A few technical issues are raised with respect to the use of the proposed calibration technique: both limitations and benefits are discussed.
Fetal growth and maternal glomerular filtration rate: a systematic review
Creators: name: Vesterinen, Hanna M.
name: Johnson, Paula I.
name: Atchley, Dylan S.
name: Sutton, Patrice
name: Juleen Lam
name: Zlatnik, Marya G.
name: Saunak Sen
name: Woodruff, Tracey J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine

description: Objective: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may influence concentrations of biomarkers of exposure and their etiologic significance in observational studies of associations between environmental contaminants and fetal growth. It is unknown whether the size of a developing fetus affects maternal GFR such that a small fetus leads to reduced plasma volume expansion (PVE), reduced GFR and subsequent higher concentrations of biomarkers in maternal serum. Our objective was to answer the question: “Is there an association between fetal growth and maternal GFR in humans?”Methods: We adapted and applied the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology to assess the evidence of an association between fetal growth and GFR, either directly or indirectly via reduction in PVE.Results: We identified 35 relevant studies. We rated 31 human and two non-human observational studies as “low” quality and two experimental non-human studies as “very low” quality. We rated all three evidence streams as “inadequate”. The association between fetal growth and GFR was “not classifiable” according to pre-specified definitions.Conclusions: There is currently insufficient evidence to support the plausibility of a reverse causality hypothesis for associations between exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy and fetal growth. Further research would be needed to confirm or disprove this hypothesis.
Chondrostoma orientale Bianco & Banarescu 1982
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Chondrostoma
Chondrostoma orientale

description: 192. Chondrostoma orientale Bianco & Bănărescu, 1982
Common name. Kor nase
Taxonomy. Original description: Chondrostoma orientale Bianco & Bănărescu, 1982: 80, figs. 1A, 2A [Pulwar River near Persepolis, Iran; holotype: IZA 8170; paratypes: (85) ANSP 150985 (2), ISBB uncat. (10), IZA 7833 (orig. 75,? now 19), FMNH 94519 (2), NMC 82-365 (6), USNM 227934 (1)].
Revisions. None.
Illustrations. Bianco & Bănărescu (1982: 80, fig. 1).
Distribution in Iran. —Distribution in River Basin: Kor River.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris & Euphrates.
Status in Iran. [Endemic].—Kapor-e poze dar-e Kor.—Listed in previous checklists from Iran by Esmaeili et al. (2017 a, 2018); Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020) and Eagderi et al. (2022).—Iran material: ZM-CBSU.
Conservation. —IUCN: NE.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
Identification of protein-protein binding sites by incorporating the physicochemical properties and stationary wavelet transforms into pseudo amino acid composition
Creators: name: Jianhua Jia
name: Liu, Zi
name: Xiao, Xuan
name: Bingxiang Liu
name: Kuo-Chen Chou
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: With the explosive growth of protein sequences entering into protein data banks in the post-genomic era, it is highly demanded to develop automated methods for rapidly and effectively identifying the protein–protein binding sites (PPBSs) based on the sequence information alone. To address this problem, we proposed a predictor called iPPBS-PseAAC, in which each amino acid residue site of the proteins concerned was treated as a 15-tuple peptide segment generated by sliding a window along the protein chains with its center aligned with the target residue. The working peptide segment is further formulated by a general form of pseudo amino acid composition via the following procedures: (1) it is converted into a numerical series via the physicochemical properties of amino acids; (2) the numerical series is subsequently converted into a 20-D feature vector by means of the stationary wavelet transform technique. Formed by many individual “Random Forest” classifiers, the operation engine to run prediction is a two-layer ensemble classifier, with the 1st-layer voting out the best training data-set from many bootstrap systems and the 2nd-layer voting out the most relevant one from seven physicochemical properties. Cross-validation tests indicate that the new predictor is very promising, meaning that many important key features, which are deeply hidden in complicated protein sequences, can be extracted via the wavelets transform approach, quite consistent with the facts that many important biological functions of proteins can be elucidated with their low-frequency internal motions. The web server of iPPBS-PseAAC is accessible at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/iPPBS-PseAAC, by which users can easily acquire their desired results without the need to follow the complicated mathematical equations involved.
Characterization, synthesis, and optimization of quantum circuits over multiple-control $\textit{Z}$-rotation gates: A systematic study
Creators: name: Zhang, Shihao
name: Wu, Junda
name: Li, Lvzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct a systematic study of quantum circuits composed of multiple-control $Z$-rotation (MCZR) gates as primitives, since they are widely-used components in quantum algorithms and also have attracted much experimental interest in recent years. Herein, we establish a circuit-polynomial correspondence to characterize the functionality of quantum circuits over the MCZR gate set with continuous parameters. An analytic method for exactly synthesizing such quantum circuit to implement any given diagonal unitary matrix with an optimal gate count is proposed, which also enables the circuit depth optimal for specific cases with pairs of complementary gates. Furthermore, we present a gate-exchange strategy together with a flexible iterative algorithm for effectively optimizing the depth of any MCZR circuit, which can also be applied to quantum circuits over any other commuting gate set.
 Besides the theoretical analysis, the practical performances of our circuit synthesis and optimization techniques are further evaluated by numerical experiments on two typical examples in quantum computing, including diagonal Hermitian operators and Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) circuits with tens of qubits, which can demonstrate a reduction in circuit depth by 33.40\% and 15.55\% on average over relevant prior works, respectively. Therefore, our methods and results provide a pathway for implementing quantum circuits and algorithms on recently developed devices.
description: Comments are welcome
درجه بندی جرایم و مبنای آن
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: حوريه نادمي
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: جرم ،قانون،مجازات، مبنا،معیار

description: قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب ۱۳۹۲ در ماده ی ۱۹ اقدام به درجه بندی مجازاتهای تعزیری کرده اما مبانی این درجه بندی کاملا مشخص نمی باشد که ما صرفا باید به وجه تسمیهی برخی از انواع مجازاتهای مذکور در قانون از حیث مشابهت اکتفا کنیم زیرا چنین دسته بندی هیچ سابقه ای در کتب فقهی ندارد بلکه صرفا بسته به شدت و ضعف عمل مجرمانهنوع مجازات تغییر می کند . عدم تناسب برخی از مجازات های مقرر با جرایم و اینکه قانونگذار بدون لحاظ معیارهای درجه بندی جرایم در اسلام قانون وضع کرده است مراتب ودرجات تعزیر در اقوال فقها بسیار مختلف است . عده ای فقط شلاق به عنوان ایراد ضربات بدنی جایز می دانند و عده ای دیگر حبس و توبیخ و اخذ مال را جایز دانستند. به هرحالما برای رسیدن به مطلوبمان که همان عدالت کیفری است باید یک مبنایی برای درجه بندی جرایم و مجازات ها داشته باشیم که در این مقاله بدنبال آن هستیم .