cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969
Creators: name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Political economy
subject: agricultural distortions
subject: high-income countries
subject: economic development of Europe

description: Dramatic changes took place in agricultural policies in Europe in the 19th and 20th century. In the 1860s European nations agreed on a series of trade agreements which spread free trade across the continent. In the 1960s European nations concluded an international agreement which spread heavy government intervention and protection against imports across the continent. This paper offers hypotheses as to the causes of these dramatic changes in agricultural protection.
The Radial Distribution of Galaxies in LCDM clusters
Creators: name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Kravtsov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the radial distribution of subhalos and galaxies using high-resolution cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters formed in the concordance LCDM cosmology. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the radial distribution of subhalos is significantly less concentrated than that of the dark matter, when subhalos are selected using their present-day gravitationally bound mass. We show that the difference in the radial distribution is not a numerical artifact and is due to tidal stripping. The subhalos in the cluster core lose more than 70% of their initial mass since accretion, while the average tidal mass loss for halos near the virial radius is ~30%. This introduces a radial bias in the spatial distribution of subhalos when they are selected using their tidally truncated mass. We demonstrate that the radial bias disappears almost entirely if subhalos are selected using their mass or circular velocity at the accretion epoch. The comparisons of the results of dissipationless simulations to the observed distribution of galaxies in clusters are therefore sensitive to the selection criteria used to select subhalo samples. Using the simulations that include cooling and starformation, we show that the radial distribution of subhalos is in reasonable agreement with the observed radial distribution of galaxies in clusters for 0.1
description: submitted to ApJ, 12 pages, 12 figures
Supplementary material from Gene surfing of underdominant alleles promotes formation of hybrid zones
Creators: name: Gilbert, Kimberly J.
name: Moinet, Antoine
name: Peischl, Stephan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Appendix A: Derivation of establishment probability; Appendix B: Additional Figures
Additional file 11 of An alternative for proteinase K-heat-sensitive protease from fungus Onygena corvina for biotechnology: cloning, engineering, expression, characterization and special application for protein sequencing
Creators: name: Skowron, Piotr M.
name: Krefft, Daria
name: Brodzik, Robert
name: Kasperkiewicz, Paulina
name: Drag, Marcin
name: Klaus-Peter Koller
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 11. pPink-HC-del-NHSSP plasmid construct map and features. Secretion peptide native—marked in green, propeptide—marked in yellow.
Lee-Yang theory, high cumulants, and large-deviation statistics of the magnetization in the Ising model
Creators: name: Deger, Aydin
name: Brange, Fredrik
name: Flindt, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Ising model in one, two, and three dimensions using a cumulant method that allows us to determine the Lee-Yang zeros from the magnetization fluctuations in small lattices. By doing so with increasing system size, we are able to determine the convergence point of the Lee-Yang zeros in the thermodynamic limit and thereby predict the occurrence of a phase transition. The cumulant method is attractive from an experimental point of view since it uses fluctuations of measurable quantities, such as the magnetization in a spin lattice, and it can be applied to a variety of equilibrium and non-equilibrium problems. We show that the Lee-Yang zeros encode important information about the rare fluctuations of the magnetization. Specifically, by using a simple ansatz for the free energy, we express the large-deviation function of the magnetization in terms of Lee-Yang zeros. This result may hold for many systems that exhibit a first-order phase transition.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, final version
Fine-Grained Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Parallel Corpora, Word Alignment, Word Clustering and Aligned Wordnets
Creators: name: Tufis, Dan
name: Ion, Radu
name: Ide, Nancy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper presents a method for word sense disambiguation based on parallel corpora. The method exploits recent advances in word alignment and word clustering based on automatic extraction of translation equivalents and being supported by available aligned wordnets for the languages in the corpus. The wordnets are aligned to the Princeton Wordnet, according to the principles established by EuroWordNet. The evaluation of the WSD system, implementing the method described herein showed very encouraging results. The same system used in a validation mode, can be used to check and spot alignment errors in multilingually aligned wordnets as BalkaNet and EuroWordNet.
description: 7 pages in Proc. of COLING2005
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОКОЛОПУЗЫРНОЙ ЧАСТИ ПАРЕНХИМЫ ПЕЧЕНИ СОБАК ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМ КАЛЬКУЛЁЗНОМ ХОЛЕЦИСТИТЕ
Creators: name: Бобоев, Аскар
name: Орипов, Ф.С.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Изучение морфологии и морфометрии гепатоцитов околопузырной части паренхимы при экспериментальном калькулёзном холецистите.
Determinants of Farm Policies in the United States, 1996-2008
Creators: name: Orden, David
name: Blandford, David
name: Josling, Timothy E.
name: Orden, David
name: Blandford, David
name: Josling, Timothy E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: United States farm policies
subject: political economy of agricultural distortions

description: This paper focuses on the political economy of U.S. farm policy since the Uruguay Round trade negotiations concluded in 1994 and established the WTO. The continued ability of the powerful farm lobby in the United States to elicit support in the political arena is evident from this analysis. Yet there have been some substantial changes in policy that have reduced their distortionary effects, as well as some setbacks to liberalizing reform. New Doha Round commitments could put further constraints on subsidies provided by some U.S. policy instruments. And despite the ability of the farm lobby to retain its support programs through 2012, there are several political uncertainties about the alignments that have allowed U.S. farm support to endure.
Additional file 1 of Patient and healthcare provider reported barriers and enablers to virtual or remote-only follow-up models for cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: protocol for a qualitative framework synthesis
Creators: name: Kelly, Shannon E.
name: Clifford, Tammy J.
name: Skidmore, Becky
name: Birnie, David
name: Ratika Parkash
name: Wells, George A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist.
Pair Approximation Models for Disease Spread
Creators: name: Benoit, Jerome
name: Nunes, Ana
name: da Gama, Margarida Telo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We consider a Susceptible-Infective-Recovered (SIR) model, where the mechanism for the renewal of susceptibles is demographic, on a ring with next nearest neighbour interactions, and a family of correlated pair approximations (CPA), parametrized by a measure of the relative contributions of loops and open triplets of the sites involved in the infection process. We have found that the phase diagram of the CPA, at fixed coordination number, changes qualitatively as the relative weight of the loops increases, from the phase diagram of the uncorrelated pair approximation to phase diagrams typical of one-dimensional systems. In addition, we have performed computer simulations of the same model and shown that while the CPA with a constant correlation parameter cannot describe the global behaviour of the model, a reasonable description of the endemic equilibria as well as of the phase diagram may be obtained by allowing the parameter to depend on the demographic rate.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX2e+SVJour+AmSLaTeX, NEXTSigmaPhi 2005; metadata title corrected wrt paper title
Additional file 2 of Patient and healthcare provider reported barriers and enablers to virtual or remote-only follow-up models for cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: protocol for a qualitative framework synthesis
Creators: name: Kelly, Shannon E.
name: Clifford, Tammy J.
name: Skidmore, Becky
name: Birnie, David
name: Ratika Parkash
name: Wells, George A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 2. Proposed search strategy.
How cows lie down : a 3-D kinematic evaluation of the lying down behaviour of holstein dairy cows
Creators: name: Ceballos, Arthur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Research in dairy cow (Bos taurus) housing and free-stall design has concentrated largely on the effects of the various types of stall configurations on parameters such as lying and ruminating times or on production parameters such as milk production or disease incidence. To date, no studies have examined the effects of free-stall design on specific movements of dairy cattle. Knowledge of how cows lie down in these environments may lead to a better understanding of these behaviors. I have used biomechanical techniques to measure the movement envelope of Holstein dairy cows when they lie down in an open pen, and in a freestall, and in doing so have demonstrated that these techniques can provide useful information for the assessment of cow behavior. My study found that when lying down, cows use approximately 240 to 260 cm of longitudinal space, which is more space than current industry recommendations. Cows used approximately 70 to 100 cm of lateral space, an estimate that is within current industry recommendations for stall width. In addition, I found that the spatial pattern of lateral displacement could be used to improve the design of stall partitions. Further work is required to assess a wider range of cow sizes and stall configurations. Use of the techniques described in this study will allow for relatively efficient collection and analysis of this type of data.
Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions in Transition Countries of Asia and Europe
Creators: name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: Political economy
subject: agricultural distortions
subject: transition economies
subject: China

description: The paper analyzes the political and institutional factors which are behind the dramatic changes in distortions to agricultural incentives in the transition countries in East Asia (China and Vietnam), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, etc), the rest of the former Soviet Union, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper explains why these changes have occurred and why there are large differences among transition countries in the extent and the nature of the remaining distortions.
Explaining Agricultural Distortion Patterns : The Roles of Ideology, Inequality, Lobbying and Public Finance
Creators: name: Dutt, Pushan
name: Mitra, Devashish
name: Dutt, Pushan
name: Mitra, Devashish
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: Agricultural protection
subject: political economy

description: In this paper, we examine the political economy drivers of the variation in agricultural protection, both across countries and within countries over time. The paper starts by listing the key insights provided by both the theoretical and empirical literature on the political economy of trade policy formulation. We then set out a basic framework that allows us to put forth various testable hypotheses on the variation and evolution of agricultural protection. We find that both the political ideology of the government and the degree of income inequality are important determinants of agricultural protection. Thus, both the political-support-function approach as well as the median-voter approach can be used in explaining the variation in agricultural protection across countries and within countries over time. The results are consistent with the predictions of a model that assumes that labor is specialized and sector-specific in nature. Some aspects of protection also seem to be consistent with predictions of a lobbying model in that agricultural protection is negatively related to agricultural employment and positively related to agricultural productivity. Public finance aspects of protection also seem to be empirically important.
Additional file 5 of Sustainable and acceptable school meals through optimization analysis: an intervention study
Creators: name: Colombo, Patricia Eustachio
name: Patterson, Emma
name: Lindroos, Anna Karin
name: Parlesak, Alexandr
name: Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5: Supplementary Table 3. TIDieR Checklist for intervention components.
Machine Learning Based Solutions for Security of Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey
Creators: name: Tahsien, Syeda Manjia
name: Karimipour, Hadis
name: Spachos, Petros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the last decade, IoT platforms have been developed into a global giant that grabs every aspect of our daily lives by advancing human life with its unaccountable smart services. Because of easy accessibility and fast-growing demand for smart devices and network, IoT is now facing more security challenges than ever before. There are existing security measures that can be applied to protect IoT. However, traditional techniques are not as efficient with the advancement booms as well as different attack types and their severeness. Thus, a strong-dynamically enhanced and up to date security system is required for next-generation IoT system. A huge technological advancement has been noticed in Machine Learning (ML) which has opened many possible research windows to address ongoing and future challenges in IoT. In order to detect attacks and identify abnormal behaviors of smart devices and networks, ML is being utilized as a powerful technology to fulfill this purpose. In this survey paper, the architecture of IoT is discussed, following a comprehensive literature review on ML approaches the importance of security of IoT in terms of different types of possible attacks. Moreover, ML-based potential solutions for IoT security has been presented and future challenges are discussed.
Absence of conventional quantum phase transitions in itinerant systems with disorder
Creators: name: Dobrosavljevic, V.
name: Miranda, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of disorder are examined in itinerant systems close to quantum critical points. We argue that spin fluctuations associated with the long-range part of the RKKY interactions generically induce non-Ohmic dissipation due to rare disorder configurations. This dissipative mechanism is found to destabilize quantum Griffiths phase behavior in itinerant systems with arbitrary symmetry of the order parameter, leading to the formation of a "cluster glass" phase preceding uniform ordering.
description: 4+epsilon pages, 1 figure. Phys. Rev. Lett., in press (2005)
Detection of pulsations and a spectral feature in the X-ray emission of the isolated neutron star 1RXS J214303.7+065419/RBS 1774
Creators: name: Zane, S.
name: Cropper, M.
name: Turolla, R.
name: Zampieri, L.
name: Chieregato, M.
name: Drake, J. J.
name: Treves, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of a deep XMM-Newton observation of RBS 1774, the most recent dim isolated neutron star candidate found in the ROSAT archive data. Spectral and timing analysis of the high-quality PN and MOS data confirm the association of this source with an isolated neutron star. The spectrum is thermal and blackbody-like, and there is evidence at a significance level > 4sigma that the source is an X-ray pulsar, with spin period of 9.437 s. Spectral fitting reveils the presence of an absorption feature at ~0.7 keV, but at this level data do not have enough resolution to allow us to discriminate between an absorption line or an edge. We compare the newly measured properties of RBS 1774 with those of other known dim isolated neutron stars, and discuss possible interpretations for the absorption feature.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, ApJ accepted
Characterizing EoR foregrounds: A study of the Lockman Hole Region at 325 MHz
Creators: name: Mazumder, Aishrila
name: Chakraborty, Arnab
name: Datta, Abhirup
name: Choudhuri, Samir
name: Roy, Nirupam
name: Wadadekar, Yogesh
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the key science goals for the most sensitive telescopes, both current and upcoming, is the detection of the redshifted 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization. The success of detection relies on accurate foreground modeling for their removal from data sets. This paper presents the characterization of astrophysical sources in the Lockman Hole region. Using 325 MHz data obtained from the GMRT, a $6^\circ \times 6^\circ$ mosaiced map is produced with an RMS reaching 50 $μ$Jy $\mathrm{beam}^{-1}$. A source catalog containing 6186 sources is created, and the Euclidean normalized differential source counts have been derived from it, consistent with previous observations as well as simulations. A detailed comparison of the source catalog is also made with previous findings - at both lower and higher frequencies. The angular power spectrum (APS) of the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission is determined for three different galactic latitudes using the Tapered Gridded Estimator. The values of the APS lie between $\sim$1 mK$^2$ to $\sim$100 mK$^2$. Fitting a power law of the form $A\ell^{-β}$ gives values of $A$ and $β$ varying across the latitudes considered. This paper demonstrates, for the first time, the variation of the power-law index for diffuse emission at very high galactic locations. It follows the same trend that is seen at locations near the galactic plane, thus emphasizing the need for low-frequency observations for developing better models of the diffuse emission.
description: 16 Pages, 11 Figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Hadronic structure aspects of $K^+\to π^-+ l^{+}_1 + l^{+}_2$ decays
Creators: name: Ivanov, Mikhail
name: Kovalenko, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is known from previous studies the lepton number violating decays $K^+\to π^- + l^{+}_1 + l^{+}_2$ have good prospects to probe new physics beyond the Standard Model and provide valuable information on neutrino masses and mixing. We analyze these processes with an emphasis on their hadronic structure aspects applying relativistic constituent quark model. We conclude that the previously ignored contribution associated with the t-channel Majorana neutrino exchange is comparable with the s-channel one in a wide range of neutrino masses. We also estimated model independent absolute upper bounds on neutrino contribution to these decays.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure. Version to appear in PRD, normalization factor in Eq. (25) is corrected
Polarized light-by-light scattering at the CLIC induced by axion-like particles
Creators: name: İnan, S. C.
name: Kisselev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light-by-light (LBL) scattering with initial polarized Compton backscattered photons at the CLIC, induced by axion-like particles (ALPs), is investigated. The total cross sections are calculated, assuming CP-even coupling of the pseudoscalar ALP to photons. The 95\% C.L. exclusion region for the ALP mass $m_a$ and its coupling constant $f$ is presented. The results are compared with previously obtained CLIC bounds for the unpolarized case. It is shown that the bounds on $f$ for the polarized beams in the region $m_a = 1000 \mathrm{\ GeV} - 2000 \mathrm{\ GeV}$, with the collision energy 3000 GeV and integrated luminosity 4000 fb$^{-1}$, are on average 1.5 times stronger than the bounds for the unpolarized beams. Herewith, our CLIC bounds are stronger than all current exclusion regions for $m_a > 80$ GeV. In particular, they are more restrictive than the limits which follow from the ALP-mediated LBL scattering at the LHC.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures. Abstract is corrected. Several formulas are added. Figures 2,3 and 9 are combined into two figures 2 and 3. Summary plot is added. To be published in Chinese Physics C
Evidence for Dark Matter Annihilation from Galactic Gamma Rays?
Creators: name: de Boer, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diffuse galactic EGRET gamma ray data show a clear excess for energies above 1 GeV in comparison with the expectations from conventional galactic models. The excess is seen with the same spectrum in all sky directions, as expected for Dark Matter (DM) annihilation. This hypothesis is investigated in detail. The energy spectrum of the excess is used to limit the WIMP mass to the 50-100 GeV range, while the skymaps are used to determine the halo structure, which is consistent with a triaxial isothermal halo with additional enhancement of Dark Matter in the disc. The latter is strongly correlated with the ring of stars around our galaxy at a distance of 14 kpc, thought to originate from the tidal disruption of a dwarf galaxy. It is shown that this ring of DM with a mass of $\approx 2\cdot 10^{11} M_\odot$ causes the mysterious change of slope in the rotation curve at $R=1.1R_0$ and the large local surface density of the disc. The total mass of the halo is determined to be $3\cdot 10^{12} M_\odot$. A cuspy profile is definitely excluded to describe the gamma ray data. These signals of Dark Matter Annihilation are compatible with Supersymmetry for boost factors of 20 upwards and have a statistical significance of more than $10σ$ in comparison with the conventional galactic model. The latter combined with all features mentioned above provides an intriguing hint that the EGRET excess is indeed indirect evidence for Dark Matter Annihilation.
description: To be published in Proc. of DM 2004, Feb. 2004, Los Angeles; updated references and somewhat improved fits in new version
Light gravitino dark matter: LHC searches and Hubble tension
Creators: name: Gu, Yuchao
name: Khlopov, Maxim
name: Wu, Lei
name: Yang, Jin Min
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent measurements of the cosmological parameter $H_0$ from the direct local observations and the inferred value from the Cosmic Microwave Background show $\sim 4 σ$ discrepancy. This may indicate new physics beyond the standard $Λ$CDM. We investigate the keV gravitino dark matter that has a small fraction of non-thermal component (e.g. from the late decay of NLSP bino) under various cosmological constraints. We find such a scenario is highly predictive and can be tested by searching for the dilepton plus missing energy events at the LHC. Besides, we also discuss its implication for Hubble tension, however, which can be reduced to $3σ$ level marginally.
description: discussions and references added, version accepted by PRD
Spin Polarization Type Dependence of the Neutrino Mass and Nature
Creators: name: Yuldashev, B. S.
name: Sharafiddinov, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of longitudinal and transversal polarized neutrinos (antineutrinos) with the field of a nucleus is investigated at the account of their rest mass, charge, magnetic, anapole and electric dipole moments. The compound structure of cross sections in these processes has the sharply expressed features and generalities for any lepton as well as for a massive Majorana neutrino. A new influence of truly neutral neutrino masses on the elastic scattering by nuclei of an electric charge has been discovered which testifies in favor of the existence of fundamental differences both in the nature and in the masses of longitudinal and transversal neutrinos of Majorana.
description: 3 pages, LaTex. This version is better for pdf
Quantum coherence, quantum Fisher information and teleportation in the Ising-Heisenberg spin chain model of a heterotrimetallic Fe-Mn-Cu coordination polymer with magnetic impurity
Creators: name: Zad, Hamid Arian
name: Rojas, Moises
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of non-uniform magnetic fields on the Ising-Heisenberg chain of a heterotrimetallic coordination compound $\mathrm{Fe-Mn-Cu}$, modeling a magnetic impurity on one dimer is studied. This impurity is configured by imposing non-uniform magnetic fields on each sites of $j-$th interstitial ionic dimer $\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}-\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ of the chain model. The quantum coherence and pairwise entanglement between spin-1/2 magnetic $\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}-\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ ion dimers clearly depend on the site which the impurity is located. It is demonstrated that when the magnetic impurity is considered for one magnetic dimer, by altering Ising nodal exchange interaction and Heisenberg anisotropy parameter of the impurity dimer, the entanglement can be enhanced to the maximal value 1 at a special fixed magnetic field. Moreover, we find that the quantum Fisher information of the model with magnetic impurity behaves considerably different from the original model. Besides of the quantum resources like concurrence, we prove that the quantum Fisher information can be used as new quantum tool for estimating the quantum phase transition in the model under consideration. On the other hand, thermal teleportation can be significantly optimized by adjusting the magnetic impurity, and a strong increase in the average fidelity is observed. Finally, the magnetic impurity can be manipulated to locally control the thermal entanglement, coherence, quantum Fisher information and teleportation unlike the original model where it is done globally.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Nucleon and Pion Form Factors in Different Forms of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Desplanques, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations of form factors in different forms of relativistic kinematics are presented. They involve the instant, front and point forms. In the two first cases, different kinematical conditions are considered while in the latter case, both a Dirac-inspired approach and a hyperplane-based one are incorporated in our study. Numerical results are presented for the pion form factors with emphasis on both the low and high Q**2 range. A new argument is presented, explaining why some approaches do considerably much better than other ones whenonly a single-particle current is considered.
description: To appear in the proceedings of MENU04 (Beijing, Aug. 29- Sept. 4, 2004)
Optimal periodic closure for minimizing risk in emerging disease outbreaks
Creators: name: Hindes, Jason
name: Bianco, Simone
name: Schwartz, Ira B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Without vaccines and treatments, societies must rely on non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies to control the spread of emerging diseases such as COVID-19. Though complete lockdown is epidemiologically effective, because it eliminates infectious contacts, it comes with significant costs. Several recent studies have suggested that a plausible compromise strategy for minimizing epidemic risk is periodic closure, in which populations oscillate between wide-spread social restrictions and relaxation. However, no underlying theory has been proposed to predict and explain optimal closure periods as a function of epidemiological and social parameters. In this work we develop such an analytical theory for SEIR-like model diseases, showing how characteristic closure periods emerge that minimize the total outbreak, and increase predictably with the reproductive number and incubation periods of a disease, as long as both are within predictable limits. Using our approach we demonstrate a sweet-spot effect in which optimal periodic closure is maximally effective for diseases with similar incubation and recovery periods. Our results compare well to numerical simulations, including in COVID-19 models where infectivity and recovery show significant variability.
description: supplementary material included in ancillary files
Ettore Majorana's course on Theoretical Physics: a recent discovery
Creators: name: Drago, A.
name: Esposito, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze in some detail the course of Theoretical Physics held by Ettore Majorana at the University of Naples in 1938, just before his mysterious disappearance. In particular we present the recently discovered "Moreno Paper", where all the lecture notes are reported. Six of these lectures are not present in the collection of the original manuscripts conserved at the Domus Galilaeana in Pisa, consisting of only ten lectures.
description: AMS-latex, 16 pages, 2 figures
Optimized lockdown strategies for curbing the spread of COVID-19: A South African case study
Creators: name: Olivier, Laurentz E.
name: Botha, Stefan
name: Craig, Ian K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To curb the spread of COVID-19, many governments around the world have implemented tiered lockdowns with varying degrees of stringency. Lockdown levels are typically increased when the disease spreads and reduced when the disease abates. A predictive control approach is used to develop optimized lockdown strategies for curbing the spread of COVID-19. The strategies are then applied to South African data. The South African case is of interest as the South African government has defined five distinct levels of lockdown, which serves as a discrete control input. An epidemiological model for the spread of COVID-19 in South Africa was previously developed, and is used in conjunction with a hybrid model predictive controller to optimize lockdown management under different policy scenarios. Scenarios considered include how to flatten the curve to a level that the healthcare system can cope with, how to balance lives and livelihoods, and what impact the compliance of the population to the lockdown measures has on the spread of COVID-19. The main purpose of this paper is to show what the optimal lockdown level should be given the policy that is in place, as determined by the closed-loop feedback controller.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
Why Governments Tax or Subsidize Trade: Evidence from Agriculture
Creators: name: Gawande, Kishore
name: Hoekman, Bernard
name: Gawande, Kishore
name: Hoekman, Bernard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: Agricultural price distortions
subject: political economy of trade policy

description: This paper empirically explores the political-economic determinants of why governments choose to tax or subsidize trade in agriculture. We use a new data set on nominal rates of assistance (NRA) across a number of commodities spanning the last five decades for 64 countries. NRAs measure the effect on domestic (relative to world) price of the quantitative and price-based instruments used to regulate agricultural markets. The data set admits consideration of both taxes and subsidies on exports and imports. We find that both economic and political variables play important roles in determining the within-variation in the NRA data. Based on our results we offer a number of data-driven exploratory hypotheses that can inform future theoretical and empirical research on why governments choose to tax or subsidize agricultural products – an important policy question that is also one of the least understood by scholars.
Additional file 3 of Sustainable and acceptable school meals through optimization analysis: an intervention study
Creators: name: Colombo, Patricia Eustachio
name: Patterson, Emma
name: Lindroos, Anna Karin
name: Parlesak, Alexandr
name: Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Fig. 1. Questionnaire about satisfaction with school meals.
An interpretive description of the influence of cultural differences and social context upon the learning environment as perceived by baccalaureate nursing students
Creators: name: Helewka, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The cultural landscape of nursing education is shifting as individuals from various social and ethnic backgrounds aspire to enter the nursing profession. Despite curricular innovations, nursing programs continue to have difficulty retaining culturally diverse nursing students (CDNS). The majority of nursing education literature is concerned with ethnically diverse students, not reflecting expanded definitions of diversity evident in the general culture literature. Therefore, my intent was to add to an understanding of the CDNS in nursing programs of today, exarnining how CDNS construct cultural differences within their learning environments and how they perceive these differences to influence the learning experience. Also, I hoped to discover how CDNS relate social context to learning success by exarnining how they describe and explain feelings of social comfort and discomfort. I chose the qualitative research approach, interpretive description, as my design (Thorne, Reimer Kirkham & MacDonald-Emes, 1997), the purpose being to describe the lived experience of CDNS as interpreted by the participants of this study in order to understand the meaning of this experience. In-depth interviews were conducted with five baccalaureate nursing students who self-identified as being culturally diverse. The analytical process began with a preliminary organizational framework, which oriented the study to the existing literature and was the basis of the inductive analysis that occurred throughout the study, Morming the data collection and analysis of data in subsequent interviews. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. The findings of the study represent the culmination of this inductive analysis and can be considered an interpretive description of the lived experiences of these CDNS. The participants of this study characterize a different aspect of diversity from that which is contained in the literature—they considered themselves diverse due to various socio-economic and lifestyle choices rather than ethnicity. The findings that emerged revealed three common themes — being culturally diverse, experiencing cultural diversity and managing cultural diversity. These themes represent a process describing how each participant conceptualized the meaning of diversity, experienced the impact of their diversity, and made decisions as to how to manage their diversity within their learning environment. The findings support discussions in the literature that focus on the importance of the personal and social contexts to the learning environment of CDNS (social comfort). Also, the findings reflect general discourses on cultural diversity that suggest that the increase in cross cultural encounters and exposure to diversity experienced by individuals in today's world make it imperative that an expanded and dynamic perspective of cultural diversity be considered.
Generalized BMS Algebra at Timelike Infinity
Creators: name: H, Anupam A
name: Khairnar, Aniket
name: Kundu, Arpan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BMS group (and it's various generalizations) at null infinity have been studied extensively in the literature as the symmetry group of asymptotically flat spacetimes. The intricate relationship between soft theorems and the BMS symmetries have also motivated the definition of such asymptotic symmetries to time-like infinity. Although the vector fields that generate the (generalized) BMS algebra at time-like infinity was defined in the literature, the algebra has not been investigated. In this paper, we fill this gap. We show that the super-translations and vector fields that generate sphere diffeomorphisms close under the modified Lie bracket proposed by Barnich et al.
description: 32 pages
Agricultural Price Distortion and Stabilization: Stylized facts and Hypothesis Tests
Creators: name: Masters, William A.
name: Garcia, Andres F.
name: Masters, William A.
name: Garcia, Andres F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: Agricultural price distortions
subject: political economy

description: This paper describes agricultural policy choices and tests some predictions of political economy theories. It begins with three broad stylized facts: governments tend to tax agriculture in poorer countries, and subsidize it in richer ones, tax both imports and exports more than nontradables, and tax more and subsidize less where there is more land per capita. We test a variety of political-economy explanations, finding results consistent with hypothesized effects of rural and urban constituents’ rational ignorance about small per-person effects, governance institutions’ control of rent-seeking by political leaders, governments’ revenue motive for taxation, and the role of time consistency in policy-making. We also find that larger groups obtain more favorable policies, suggesting that positive group size effects outweigh any negative influence from more free-ridership, and that demographically driven entry of new farmers is associated with less favorable farm policies, suggesting the arrival of new farmers erodes policy rents and discourages political activity by incumbents. Another new result is that governments achieve very little price stabilization relative to our benchmark estimates of undistorted prices, and governments in the poorest countries actually destabilize domestic prices.
Additional file 4 of Sustainable and acceptable school meals through optimization analysis: an intervention study
Creators: name: Colombo, Patricia Eustachio
name: Patterson, Emma
name: Lindroos, Anna Karin
name: Parlesak, Alexandr
name: Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Fig. 2. Scatterplots displaying plate waste per pupil and consumption per pupil in Schools 1 and 3.
AC losses in superconducting composite strips in a magnetic field in the form of a standing wave
Creators: name: Sokolovsky, V.
name: Meerovich, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical expressions for the evaluation of AC losses in a superconductor-metal composite strip in a nonuniform AC magnetic field having the form of a standing wave are derived. The considered configuration models superconducting tapes, thin films and coated superconductors. A distinctive feature of the problem is the appearance of a transverse component of the induced current that converts the problem to a two-dimensional one. Bean's critical state model for a superconductor and a low frequency approximation for a metal are used. In the framework of this approximation the influence of eddy currents in the metal on the magnetic field is neglected, and the current distribution in the superconductor is determined by an external field. Two cases were considered: (1) superconducting and metal strips electrically separated; (2) they are in an electric contact. It is shown that for most practical cases enough to take into account only the losses generated by induced longitudinal currents in a composite strip. When an electric contact between strips exists, the maximum loss density in high fields (above 2 T) can be determined by the transverse component of the current.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Diverse Jet Structures Consistent with the Off-axis Afterglow of GRB 170817A
Creators: name: Takahashi, Kazuya
name: Ioka, Kunihito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The jet structure of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been controversial after the detection of GRB 170817A as the electromagnetic counterparts to the gravitational wave event GW170817. Different authors use different jet structures for calculating the afterglow light curves. We formulated a method to inversely reconstruct a jet structure from a given off-axis GRB afterglow, without assuming any functional form of the structure. By systematically applying our inversion method, we find that more diverse jet structures are consistent with the observed afterglow of GRB 170817A within errors: such as hollow-cone, spindle, Gaussian, and power-law jet structures. In addition, the total energy of the reconstructed jet is arbitrary, proportional to the ambient density $n_0$, with keeping the same jet shape if the parameters satisfy the degeneracy combination $n_0 \varepsilon_\mathrm{B}^{(p+1)/(p+5)} \varepsilon_\mathrm{e}^{4(p-1)/(p+5)} = \mathrm{const.}$. Observational accuracy less than $\sim 6$ per cent is necessary to distinguish the different shapes, while the degeneracy of the energy scaling would be broken by observing the spectral breaks and viewing angle. Future events in denser environment with brighter afterglows and observable spectral breaks are ideal for our inversion method to pin down the jet structure, providing the key to the jet formation and propagation.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS