cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A comparison of Rosseland-mean opacities from OP and OPAL
Creators: name: Seaton, M. J.
name: Badnell, N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monochromatic opacities from the Opacity Project (OP) (Seaton et al.) have been augmented by hitherto missing inner-shell contributions (Badnell & Seaton). OP Rosseland-mean opacities are compared with results from OPAL (Iglesias & Rogers) for the elements H, He, C, O, S and Fe. Overall, there is good agreement between OP and OPAL Rosseland-mean opacities for the 6-elements, but there are some differences. In particular, recent work (Bahcall et al.) has shown that helioseismology measurements give a very accurate value for the depth of the solar convection zone and that solar models give agreement with that value only if opacities there are about 7% larger than OPAL values. For the 6-element mix, here, we obtain Rosseland-mean opacities to be larger than OPAL by 5%.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, submitted to MNRAS, uses personal Latex style file
Resolving electron and muon $g-2$ within the 2HDM
Creators: name: Jana, Sudip
name: K., Vishnu P.
name: Saad, Shaikh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent precise measurement of the electron anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) adds to the longstanding tension of the muon AMM and together strongly point towards physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this work, we propose a solution to both anomalies in an economical fashion via a light scalar that emerges from a second Higgs doublet and resides in the $\mathcal{O}(10)$-MeV to $\mathcal{O}(1)$-GeV mass range yielding the right sizes and signs for these deviations due to one-loop and two-loop dominance for the muon and the electron, respectively. A scalar of this type is subject to a number of various experimental constraints, however, as we show, it can remain sufficiently light by evading all experimental bounds and has the great potential to be discovered in the near-future low-energy experiments. The analysis provided here is equally applicable to any BSM scenario for which a light scalar is allowed to have sizable flavor-diagonal couplings to the charged leptons. In addition to the light scalar, our theory predicts the existence of a nearly degenerate charged scalar and a pseudoscalar, which have masses of the order of the electroweak scale. We analyze possible ways to probe new-physics signals at colliders and find that this scenario can be tested at the LHC by looking at the novel process $pp \to H^\pm H^\pm jj \to l^\pm l^\pm j j + {E\!\!\!\!/}_{T}$ via same-sign pair production of charged Higgs bosons.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, matches published version
A public health frame arouses hopeful emotions about climate change : A letter
Creators: name: Myers, Teresa A.
name: Nisbet, Matthew C.
name: Maibach, Edward W.
name: Leiserowitz, Anthony A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Communication researchers and practitioners have suggested that framing climate change in terms of public health and/or national security may make climate change more personally relevant and emotionally engaging to segments of the public who are currently disengaged or even dismissive of the issue. To evaluate these assumptions, using a nationally representative online survey of U.S. residents (N01,127) conducted in December, 2010, we randomly assigned six previously identified audience segments on climate change to one of three experimental conditions. Subjects were asked to read uniquely framed news articles about climate change emphasizing either the risks to the environment, public health, or national security and the benefits of mitigation and adaptation-related actions. Results show that across audience segments, the public health focus was the most likely to elicit emotional reactions consistent with support for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Findings also indicated that the national security frame may possibly boomerang among audience segments already doubtful or dismissive of the issue, eliciting unintended feelings of anger.
ESM 1 from Behavioural traits modulate the use of heterospecific social information for nest site selection: experimental evidence from a wild bird population
Creators: name: Morinay, Jennifer
name: Forsman, Jukka T.
name: Germain, Marion
name: Doligez, Blandine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Figures S1, S2, S3 and Tables S2, S3, S4.
Additional file 1 of Predictive determinants of overall survival among re-infected COVID-19 patients using the elastic-net regularized Cox proportional hazards model: a machine-learning algorithm
Creators: name: Ebrahimi, Vahid
name: Sharifi, Mehrdad
name: Mousavi-Roknabadi, Razieh Sadat
name: Sadegh, Robab
name: Khademian, Mohammad Hossein
name: Moghadami, Mohsen
name: Dehbozorgi, Afsaneh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix
Disk evolution of the M87's nucleus observed in 2008
Creators: name: Xiang, Fei
name: Cheng, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of year-scale X-ray variation in the nuclear region of the M87 by reanalyzing the 8 Chandra observations from 2007 to 2008. The X-ray spectra are fitted and decomposed into the disk and flaring components. This year-scale X-ray variability can be explained quite well by a simple clumpy accretion model. We conclude that the central super-massive black hole of the M87 was accreting a cloud of $\sim0.5$M$_\odot$ at that time.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
A public health frame arouses hopeful emotions about climate change : A letter
Creators: name: Myers, Teresa A.
name: Nisbet, Matthew C.
name: Maibach, Edward W.
name: Leiserowitz, Anthony A.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Communication researchers and practitioners have suggested that framing climate change in terms of public health and/or national security may make climate change more personally relevant and emotionally engaging to segments of the public who are currently disengaged or even dismissive of the issue. To evaluate these assumptions, using a nationally representative online survey of U.S. residents (N01,127) conducted in December, 2010, we randomly assigned six previously identified audience segments on climate change to one of three experimental conditions. Subjects were asked to read uniquely framed news articles about climate change emphasizing either the risks to the environment, public health, or national security and the benefits of mitigation and adaptation-related actions. Results show that across audience segments, the public health focus was the most likely to elicit emotional reactions consistent with support for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Findings also indicated that the national security frame may possibly boomerang among audience segments already doubtful or dismissive of the issue, eliciting unintended feelings of anger.
title: The importance of ambivalence: caring for people with learning disabilities who engage in self injurious behaviour.
Creators: name: Anderson, Maggie
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: This work addresses the question of how nurses care, on a daily basis for people with learning disabilities who engage in self injurious behaviour. It suggests that the nature of the emotional component of the care work undertaken differs from that which the mainstream literature presents. This difference, it is proposed, lies in the necessary length of the relationship between these carers and their clients and in the intractability of the behaviour - self injury - which forms the focus of nursing care.

The work explores the frameworks which have been used in caring for and "treating' those with self injurious behaviour in the past and suggests that some of these models resonate through the current care situation. The history of the professional group who constitute the research participants- nurses for people with learning disabilities - also forms a theme in the consideration of where current defence mechanisms may have originated.

A grounded theory approach was taken to illuminate the defences which may be in play in this difficult care situation. Carers from two residential health service homes participated in the study, all of whom have continuing contact with people with learning disabilities and self injurious behaviour. The participant group constituted ; nineteen registered nurses for people with learning disabilities; two registered general nurses; and eighteen care assistants. Their ages ranged from nineteen to mid-fifties and their care experience from a few weeks to over twenty years.

 The data from the first round of unstructured interviews, which asked the question, "How do you feel about your work with people who self injure?" was analysed to form the themes for a second, semi - structured round of interviews. The transcribed data was analysed by means of coding, constant comparison and memoing, which enabled the emergence of central categories. These were organised into: emotional reactions; behaviour; and belief systems. The analysed data was referred back to the participants following data analysis and after data interpretation for verification.

The interpretation of the analysed data flowed from both the epistemological stance of the researcher and the methods adopted. The work proposes that nurses continue to care for their clients by holding together and holding apart conflicting feelings and beliefs about their clients and their work. This is undertaken in the context of the concept of themselves as carers which they receive from the care environment which includes the professional and historical issues above. The tension which is inherent in this situation is formed by the ambivalence carers feel about their work, their clients and their role and these processes together constitute the process by which nurses continue to care for this needy client group.
Orientaciones Pedagogicas para la Planificación Didactica en el Nivel Inicial
Creators: name: Elba Avila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130201 Creative Arts, Media and Communication Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: La Educación se ha reafirmado, como un agente activo de la sociedad, constituye un instrumento indispensable para que la humanidad pueda progresar hacia los ideales de paz, libertad y justicia social. Sobre estas consideraciones, se hace necesario que el docente y en especial el de Educación Inicial reflexione sobre los cambios que emergen en el campo educativo, teniendo presente que en función de las corrientes constructivistas y humanistas del conocimiento hemos pasado de una educación centrada en la enseñanza Una educación centrada en el desarrollo. El docente de este siglo está llamado a construir la sociedad del conocimiento, a comprender que los sistemas educativos regidos centrados en el docente han desaparecido para dar paso a los sistemas educativos flexibles y dinámicos cuyo propósito es contribuir al desarrollo integral del niño y la niña. Tomando en consideración que la Educación Inicial tiene como propósito la contribución del aprendizaje y el desarrollo integral del niño, desde su gestación hasta los 6 años o su ingreso a la Educación Básica, como sujetos de derechos y garantías, en función de sus intereses, sus potencialidades y el contexto social y cultural en el cual se desenvuelven, se hace necesario que el o la reflexión docente sobre su praxis diaria, pues a él / ella se le otorga un protagonismo preponderante en la calidad de la enseñanza, por lo tanto debe consideró las exigencias de la sociedad y hacer más énfasis en sus roles de mediador, planificador, evaluador, innovador, de orientador de investigador Soriano (2005), contemplando que ninguno de estos procesos tienen esencia por si solo, la esencia se la da el docente, cuando responsablemente hace uso de ellos. Por lo tanto es imprescindible cambiar ese tipo de enseñanza, memorística, verbalista, transmisión de datos fragmentados e informaciones puntuales que llevan a una comprensión de la ciencia descontextualizada del mundo cotidiano y de las necesidades de la vida social. Asumiendo así el compromiso de preparar a los educandos para los nuevos tiempos promoviendo en los niños el aprender a conocer, hacer, ya convivir con otros, y finalmente, aprender a ser, pilares en los que se centra el desarrollo de la persona y de la sociedad Delors 1996.
The Width of the $Θ^{+}$ Exotic Baryon in the Chiral Soliton Model
Creators: name: Jaffe, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1997 Diakonov, Petrov, and Polyakov, calculated the width of the exotic baryon that they called $Θ^{+}$. The prediction, $Γ(Θ^{+})\lesssim$ 15 MeV, has received considerable attention, especially in light of the narrowness of the experimentally reported $Θ^{+}$ resonance. However, there is an arithmetic error in their work: when corrected, the width estimate quoted in that paper should have been $\lesssim$~30 MeV.
description: 3 pages, no figures; title and abstract changed, minor typographical changes, reference to original literature modified
2011 UBC South Campus Urban Stream Restoration Project
Creators: name: Rutherford, Rob
name: Rees, James
name: Claxton, Tom
name: Wilkes, Tyler
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Singlet night in Feynman-ville: one-loop matching of a real scalar
Creators: name: Haisch, Ulrich
name: Ruhdorfer, Maximilian
name: Salvioni, Ennio
name: Venturini, Elena
name: Weiler, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A complete one-loop matching calculation for real singlet scalar extensions of the Standard Model to the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) of dimension-six operators is presented. We compare our analytic results obtained by using Feynman diagrams to the expressions derived in the literature by a combination of the universal one-loop effective action (UOLEA) approach and Feynman calculus. After identifying contributions that have been overlooked in the existing calculations, we find that the pure diagrammatic approach and the mixed method lead to identical results. We highlight some of the subtleties involved in computing one-loop matching corrections in SMEFT.
description: 13 pages + appendices and references, 11 figures; v2: minor modifications to the text, one reference added. Matches version published in JHEP; v3: added missing correction to $Q_{Hud}$ operator, all other results unchanged
A Framework for the Computational Linguistic Analysis of Dehumanization
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Julia
name: Tsvetkov, Yulia
name: Jurafsky, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.4; I.2.7

description: Dehumanization is a pernicious psychological process that often leads to extreme intergroup bias, hate speech, and violence aimed at targeted social groups. Despite these serious consequences and the wealth of available data, dehumanization has not yet been computationally studied on a large scale. Drawing upon social psychology research, we create a computational linguistic framework for analyzing dehumanizing language by identifying linguistic correlates of salient components of dehumanization. We then apply this framework to analyze discussions of LGBTQ people in the New York Times from 1986 to 2015. Overall, we find increasingly humanizing descriptions of LGBTQ people over time. However, we find that the label homosexual has emerged to be much more strongly associated with dehumanizing attitudes than other labels, such as gay. Our proposed techniques highlight processes of linguistic variation and change in discourses surrounding marginalized groups. Furthermore, the ability to analyze dehumanizing language at a large scale has implications for automatically detecting and understanding media bias as well as abusive language online.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures (Appendix is 4 pages, 4 figures). Submitted to Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence (Language and Computation)
Unintegrated parton distributions and pion production in $pp$ collisions at SPS and RHIC energies
Creators: name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive cross sections for pion production in $pp$ collisions are calculated for the first time fully based on unintegrated gluon, quark and antiquark distributions (uPDF). We use recently developed Kwieciński uPDF's and different phenomenological fragmentation functions (FF) from the literature. In addition to the $gg \to g$ diagram we include also $g q \to q$ and $q g \to q$ diagrams for inclusive parton production. The cross section for pions is obtained then by convoluting the inclusive parton distributions and FFs. Applications for SPS and RHIC are shown.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, a talk presented at the Quark Matter 2005 conference, Budapest, August 2005
Public perceptions of climate change as a huma health risk : Surveys of the United States, Canada, and Malta
Creators: name: Akerlof, Karen
name: DeBono, Roberto
name: Berry, Peter
name: Leiserowitz, Anthony A.
name: Roser-Renouf, Connie
name: Clarke, Kaila-Lea
name: Rogaeva, Anastasia
name: Nisbet, Matthew C.
name: Weathers, Melinda R.
name: Maibach, Edward W.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: We used data from nationally representative surveys conducted in the United States, Canada and Malta between 2008 and 2009 to answer three questions: Does the public believe that climate change poses human health risks, and if so, are they seen as current or future risks? Whose health does the public think will be harmed? In what specific ways does the public believe climate change will harm human health? When asked directly about the potential impacts of climate change on health and well-being, a majority of people in all three nations said that it poses significant risks; moreover, about one third of Americans, one half of Canadians, and two-thirds of Maltese said that people are already being harmed. About a third or more of people in the United States and Canada saw themselves (United States, 32%; Canada, 67%), their family (United States, 35%; Canada, 46%), and people in their community (United States, 39%; Canada, 76%) as being vulnerable to at least moderate harm from climate change. About one third of Maltese (31%) said they were most concerned about the risk to themselves and their families. Many Canadians said that the elderly (45%) and children (33%) are at heightened risk of harm, while Americans were more likely to see people in developing countries as being at risk than people in their own nation. When prompted, large numbers of Canadians and Maltese said that climate change can cause respiratory problems (78–91%), heat-related problems (75–84%), cancer (61–90%), and infectious diseases (49–62%). Canadians also named sunburn (79%) and injuries from extreme weather events (73%), and Maltese cited allergies (84%). However, climate change appears to lack salience as a health issue in all three countries: relatively few people answered open-ended questions in a manner that indicated clear top-of-mind associations between climate change and human health risks. We recommend mounting public health communication initiatives that increase the salience of the human health consequences associated with climate change.
Characterising stellar micro-variability for planetary transit searches
Creators: name: Aigrain, S.
name: Favata, F.
name: Gilmore, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) A method for simulating light curves containing stellar micro-variability for a range of spectral types and ages, based on parameter-by-parameter scaling of a multi-component fit to the solar irradiance power spectrum (from VIRGO/PMO6 data), and scaling laws derived from ground based observations of various stellar samples, is presented. We observe a correlation in the Sun between the amplitude of the power spectrum on weeks timescales and the BBSO Ca II K-line index of chromospheric activity. On the basis of this evidence, the chromospheric activity level, predicted from rotation period and B-V colour estimates according to the relationship first introduced by Noyes(1983) and Noyes et al. (1984), is used to predict the variability power on weeks time scale. The rotation period is estimated on the basis of a fit to the distribution of rotation period versus $B-V$ observed in the Hyades and the Skumanich (1972) spin-down law. The characteristic timescale of the variability is also scaled according to the rotation period. We use this model to estimate the impact of the target star type and age on the detection capability of missions such as Eddington and Kepler. K stars are found to be the most promising targets, while the performance drops significantly for stars earlier than G and younger than 2.0 Gyr. Simulations also show that \emph{Eddington} should detect terrestrial planets orbiting solar-age stars in most of the habitable zone for G2 types and all of it for K0 and K5 types.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. The full version with high resolution figures is available from http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~suz/publi/simlc.ps.gz
title: GABAA-mediated synaptic activity in rat hippocampal neurones in vitro and its modulation by other neurotransmitters and second messengers.
Creators: name: Sciancalepore, Marina
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1997

description: The patch-clamp technique (whole-cell and outside-out configurations) has been used to characterize spontaneous ɣ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor mediated currents in pyramidal cells of thin hippocampal slices obtained from neonatal rats. In early postnatal life, GABA is the main excitatory neurotransmitter on hippocampal pyramidal cells. The frequency distribution histogram of spontaneous GABAergic currents could be fitted by a single exponential function revealing the random nature of these events.

 The present results demonstrate that in tetrodotoxin (TTX) solution spontaneous GABAA receptor mediated miniature postsynaptic currents (mPSCs) were present. At -70 mV the first peak in the current amplitude distribution was 16 ± 6 pA (n =13). This value was similar to that found for GABAergic currents (14 ± 6 pA) elicited by low intensity extracellular stimulation, suggesting that this effect was due to the release of elementary units of GABA. In outside-out patches, GABA activated single-channel events of 24 and 35 pS conductance. Assuming that a postsynaptic current of 15 pA corresponds to a single quantum of GABA, one could calculate that one quantal current represents the simultaneous opening of 6 to 9 GABAA receptor channels in the postsynaptic cell.

 The metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGluR) agonist, 1 -aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD), induced an increase in frequency but not in amplitude of spontaneously occurring GABAergic currents; this potentiating effect was blocked by the Protein Kinase A (PKA) antagonist Rp-adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphotioate triethylamine (Rp-cAMPS), suggesting that glutamate, acting on mGluRs, is able to increase GABA release through the metabolic pathway which involves PKA. The potentiating effect of t-ACPD was not observed in TTX solution indicating that the site of action of the mGluR agonist is probably located at the somatodendritic level and not on the nerve terminals ofGABAergic intemeurones.

 In the presence of forskolin, which increases intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, a rise in frequency but not in amplitude of miniature GABAA receptor mediated currents was observed, an effect that was prevented by the selective PKA antagonist Rp-cAMPS.

 These experiments suggest that presynaptic mGluRs localized on GABAergic interneurones may facilitate the activity of these cells and their release of GABA through cAMP-dependent PKA. Moreover, PKA may interfere directly with the mechanism of GABA release as demonstrated by its action on miniature events.

 The present results provide new evidence that the release of a major neurotransmitter such as GABA is up-regulated by another neurotransmitter namely Glutamate, thus demonstrating an important reinforcement of excitatory signals during an early stage of brain development.
Three-dimensional monopole-free CP(N-1) models
Creators: name: Pelissetto, Andrea
name: Vicari, Ettore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase diagram, and the nature of the phase transitions, of three-dimensional monopole-free CP(N-1) models, characterized by a global U(N) symmetry and a U(1) gauge symmetry, and the absence of monopoles. We present numerical analyses based on Monte Carlo simulations for N=2,4,10,15, and 25. We observe a finite-temperature transition in all cases, related to the condensation of a local gauge-invariant order parameter. For N=2 we are unable to draw any definite conclusion on the nature of the transition. The results may be interpreted by either a very weak first-order transition or a continuous transition with anomalously large scaling corrections. However, the results allow us to exclude that the system develops the critical behavior of the O(3) vector universality class, as it occurs in the standard three-dimensional CP(1) model without monopole suppression. For N=4,10,15, the transition is of first order, and significantly weaker than that observed in the presence of monopoles. For N=25 the results are consistent with a conventional continuous transition. We compare our results with the existing literature and with the predictions of different field-theory approaches. Our results are consistent with the scenario in which the model undergoes continuous transitions for large values of N, in agreement with analytic large-N calculations.
description: 13 pages
Rethinking the translation and dissmenination paradigm : Recommendations from science communication research for health services policy debates
Creators: name: Nisbet, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Experts across a variety of fields tend to believe that the gap between expert knowledge and policymaker knowledge and decision-making results from a lack of understanding of the technical nature of problems and their proposed solutions.1,2 In response, health services researchers and their peers across other fields have engaged in translation and dissemination activities that involve a wide variety communication platforms such as blogs, Facebook, Twitter, online video, open-access journals, and other interactive tools. Yet, research from the fields of science communication, policy studies, and political communication suggests that a narrow focus on these tactics comes at the expense of a broader set of strategies that are likely to be more consequential for improving societal decisions about health services–related issues. Drawing on research from these fields, this paper provides an overview of current challenges to the traditional translation and dissemination paradigm and offers three alternative strategies for effective communication of expert knowledge in the field of health services research.
Interstellar Carbon in Translucent Sightlines
Creators: name: Sofia, U. J.
name: Lauroesch, J. T.
name: Meyer, D. M.
name: Cartledge, S. I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report interstellar C II column densities or upper limits determined from weak absorption of the 2325.4029 A intersystem transition observed in six translucent sightlines with STIS. The sightlines sample a wide range of interstellar characteristics including total-to-selective extinction, R_{V} = 2.6 - 5.1; average hydrogen density along the sightline, = 3 - 14 cm^{-3}; and fraction of H in molecular form, 0 - 40%. Four of the sightlines, those toward HD 37021, HD 37061, HD 147888 and HD 207198, have interstellar gas-phase abundances that are consistent with the diffuse sightline ratio of 161 +/- 17 carbon atoms in the gas per million hydrogen nuclei. We note that while it has a gas-phase carbon abundance that is consistent with the other sightlines, a large fraction of the C II toward HD 37061 is in an excited state. The sightline toward HD 152590 has a measured interstellar gas-phase carbon abundance that is well above the diffuse sightline average; the column density of C in this sightline may be overestimated due to noise structure in the data. Toward HD 27778 we find a 3 sigma abundance upper limit of <108 C atoms in the gas per million H, a substantially enhanced depletion of C as compared to the diffuse sightline value. The interstellar characteristics toward HD 27778 are otherwise not extreme among the sample except for an unusually large abundance of CO molecules in the gas.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The value of FGF9 as a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Creators: name: Genggang Cui
name: Mingming Shao
name: Xingzhou Gu
name: Hongbo Guo
name: Shiqing Zhang
name: Jianlei Lu
name: Hongbin Ma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, have retracted the following article: Genggang Cui, Mingming Shao, Xingzhou Gu, Hongbo Guo, Shiqing Zhang, Jianlei Lu & Hongbin Ma (2019) The value of FGF9 as a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47:1, 2241–2245, DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1620250 It has come to our attention that the full authorship list and affiliations for this manuscript, including the study site and ethics committee, were changed after the article was submitted. We have contacted the authors for an explanation, but we have not received a response within the requested timeframe. As determining authorship and the location of where the research was conducted is core to the integrity of published work, we are therefore retracting the article. The authors listed in this publication have been sent notification. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.
Additional file 1 of Under-nutrition and associated factors among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Nigussie, Jemberu
name: Girma, Bekahegn
name: Molla, Alemayehu
name: Mareg, Moges
name: Mihretu, Esmelealem
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Approximate ground state of a confined Coulomb anyon gas in an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Abdullaev, B.
name: Ortiz, G.
name: Roessler, U.
name: Musakhanov, M.
name: Nakamura, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an analytic, albeit approximate, expression for the ground state energy of N Coulomb interacting anyons with fractional statistics nu, 0<= |nu| <= 1, confined in a two-dimensional well (with characteristic frequency omega_0 ) and subjected to an external magnetic field (with cyclotron frequency omega_c ). We apply a variational principle combined with a regularization procedure which consists of fitting a cut-off parameter to existing exact analytical results in the non-interacting case, and to numerical calculations for electrons in quantum dots in the interacting case. The resulting expression depends upon parameters of the system |nu|, N, omega_0, r_0, a_B and omega_c, where r_0 represents a characteristic unit length and a_B the Bohr radius. Validity of the result is critically assessed by comparison with exact, approximate, and numerical results from the literature.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, published in Phys. Rev. B 68, 165105 (2003)
Thermovoltage in quantum dots with attractive interaction
Creators: name: Schulenborg, Jens
name: Wegewijs, Maarten R.
name: Splettstoesser, Janine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the linear and nonlinear thermovoltage of a quantum dot with effective attractive electron-electron interaction and weak, energy-dependent tunnel-coupling to electronic contacts. Remarkably, we find that the thermovoltage shows signatures of repulsive interaction which can be rationalized. These thermovoltage characteristics are robust against large potential and temperature differences well into the nonlinear regime, which we expect can be demonstrated in current state-of-the-art experiments. Furthermore, under nonlinear operation, we find extended regions of large power production at efficiencies on the order of the Curzon-Ahlborn bound interrupted only by a characteristic sharp dip.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary material to the article can be downloaded under ancilliary files in the menu on the right. This article appeared in Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 243103 (2020) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0008866 . This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing
Comparing Perceived Disruptiveness and Effectiveness of Protest Tactics
Creators: name: Furl, Katherine
name: Caren, Neal
name: Lu, Todd
name: Vo, Austin Hoang-Nam
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2023

description:
How do U.S. voters view the disruptiveness and effectiveness of social movement tactics? Strategically-used assertive tactics can enable movement success, though tactics considered too disruptive or violent may reduce public support. The authors investigate how U.S. voters perceive the disruptiveness and effectiveness of various protest tactics. In a representative survey experiment, 497 U.S. voters ranked the disruptiveness and effectiveness of 65 tactics. The authors find that tactics’ perceived disruptiveness and effectiveness exhibit an inverse relationship and a continuous character. The findings suggest that multiple, contextual factors influence public perceptions of protests.
A search for resonance decays to lepton+jet at HERA and limits on leptoquarks
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for narrow-width resonances that decay into electron+jet or neutrino+jet has been performed with the ZEUS detector at HERA operating at center-of-mass energies of 300 and 318 GeV. An integrated e+p luminosity of 114.8 pb-1 and e-p luminosity of 16.7 pb-1 were used. No evidence for any resonance was found. Limits were derived on the Yukawa coupling as a function of the mass of a hypothetical resonance that has arbitrary decay branching ratios into electron+quark or neutrino+quark. These limits also apply to squarks predicted by R-parity-violating supersymmetry. Limits for the production of leptoquarks described by the Buchmuller-Ruckl-Wyler model were also derived for masses up to 400 GeV. For Yukawa coupling of 0.1, leptoquark masses up to 290 GeV are excluded.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables
Safeguarding the catalytic activity and stability of polyaniline chitosan silver nanocomposite bound beta-galactosidase against product inhibitors and structurally related compound
Creators: name: Khan, Maryam
name: Qayyum Husain
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of products of β-galactosidase (βGS) catalyzed reaction i.e. glucose and galactose and their structurally related compound vitamin C (VC) on the catalytic activity of native and PANI-CS-NC and PANI-CS-Ag-NC adsorbed βGS. Results indicated a decline in catalytic activity of soluble enzyme in the presence of all investigated compounds. The order of inhibition was found to be VC w/v), while the native enzyme exhibited only 18% of its original activity. A significant decrease in absorbance and fluorescence intensity was evaluated in soluble enzyme incubated in the presence of all investigated compounds. Three-dimensional fluorescence graphs, CD and FT-IR spectroscopic studies illustrated noteworthy conformational changes in the secondary structure and microenvironment of the soluble enzyme in the presence of VC and tested sugars. These results suggest that both PANI-CS-NC and PANI-CS-Ag-NC bound βGS are more resistant to the exposure caused by the higher concentration of added glucose, galactose, and VC and, therefore, can be effectively utilized for the production of a hassle-free lactose nano-biosensor.
A Relationship Between Stellar Age and Spot Coverage
Creators: name: Morris, Brett M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate starspot distributions consistent with space-based photometry of F, G, and K stars in six stellar associations ranging in age from 10 Myr to 4 Gyr. We show that a simple light curve statistic called the "smoothed amplitude" is proportional to stellar age as $t^{-1/2}$, following a Skumanich-like spin-down relation. We marginalize over the unknown stellar inclinations by forward modeling the ensemble of light curves for direct comparison with the Kepler, K2 and TESS photometry. We sample the posterior distributions for spot coverage with Approximate Bayesian Computation. We find typical spot coverages in the range 1-10% which decrease with increasing stellar age. The spot coverage is proportional to $t^n$ where $n =-0.37 \pm 0.16$, also statistically consistent with a Skumanich-like $t^{-1/2}$ decay of starspot coverage with age. We apply two techniques to estimate the spot coverage of young exoplanet-hosting stars likely to be targeted for transmission spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope, and estimate the bias in exoplanet radius measurements due to varying starspot coverage.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, accepted in ApJ, software in review at JOSS https://github.com/openjournals/joss-reviews/issues/2103
Family history of cardiovascular disease and risk of premature coronary heart disease: A matched case-control study
Creators: name: Chacko, Manas
name: P. Sankara Sarma
name: Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
name: Geevar Zachariah
name: Panniyammakal Jeemon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background Self-reported family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an independent risk factor for future coronary heart disease (CHD) events. However, inclusion of family history of CVD in the traditional risk scores failed to improve risk prediction of CHD. It is proposed that family history of CVD may substantially increase the risk of CHD among younger individuals. Methodology
 We conducted a matched case-control study with 170 hospital-based premature CHD patients (<55 years in men and <65 years in women) from a tertiary care centre in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala and age and sex matched community-based controls in 1:1 ratio. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the independent association of family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature CHD. We estimated McNemar's odds ratios and their 95 percent confidence intervals.Result
 The prevalence of any family history of CVD and CHD in the control population was 24% and 21%, respectively. The family history of CVD was independently associated with premature CHD (OR = 9.0; 95%CI 4.7 – 17.3). There was a dose response relationship between family history and premature CHD as the risk increased linearly with increase in number of affected family members.Conclusion
 Family history of CVD is an independent risk factor for premature CHD. The risk of premature CHD increases linearly with increase in number of affected family members. Collecting family history beyond parental history of CVD is important for risk stratification. Targeting young individuals with family history of CVD for intensive risk reduction interventions may help to prevent future events.
Public perceptions of climate change as a huma health risk : Surveys of the United States, Canada, and Malta
Creators: name: Akerlof, Karen
name: DeBono, Roberto
name: Berry, Peter
name: Leiserowitz, Anthony A.
name: Roser-Renouf, Connie
name: Clarke, Kaila-Lea
name: Rogaeva, Anastasia
name: Nisbet, Matthew C.
name: Weathers, Melinda R.
name: Maibach, Edward W.
Publisher: name: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: We used data from nationally representative surveys conducted in the United States, Canada and Malta between 2008 and 2009 to answer three questions: Does the public believe that climate change poses human health risks, and if so, are they seen as current or future risks? Whose health does the public think will be harmed? In what specific ways does the public believe climate change will harm human health? When asked directly about the potential impacts of climate change on health and well-being, a majority of people in all three nations said that it poses significant risks; moreover, about one third of Americans, one half of Canadians, and two-thirds of Maltese said that people are already being harmed. About a third or more of people in the United States and Canada saw themselves (United States, 32%; Canada, 67%), their family (United States, 35%; Canada, 46%), and people in their community (United States, 39%; Canada, 76%) as being vulnerable to at least moderate harm from climate change. About one third of Maltese (31%) said they were most concerned about the risk to themselves and their families. Many Canadians said that the elderly (45%) and children (33%) are at heightened risk of harm, while Americans were more likely to see people in developing countries as being at risk than people in their own nation. When prompted, large numbers of Canadians and Maltese said that climate change can cause respiratory problems (78–91%), heat-related problems (75–84%), cancer (61–90%), and infectious diseases (49–62%). Canadians also named sunburn (79%) and injuries from extreme weather events (73%), and Maltese cited allergies (84%). However, climate change appears to lack salience as a health issue in all three countries: relatively few people answered open-ended questions in a manner that indicated clear top-of-mind associations between climate change and human health risks. We recommend mounting public health communication initiatives that increase the salience of the human health consequences associated with climate change.
Non-equivalence between Heisenberg XXZ spin chain and Thirring model
Creators: name: Fujita, T.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Hiramoto, M.
name: Takahashi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bethe ansatz equations for the spin 1/2 Heisenberg XXZ spin chain are numerically solved, and the energy eigenvalues are determined for the anti-ferromagnetic case. We examine the relation between the XXZ spin chain and the Thirring model, and show that the spectrum of the XXZ spin chain is different from that of the regularized Thirring model.
description: 10 pages. 2figures
Rethinking the translation and dissmenination paradigm : Recommendations from science communication research for health services policy debates
Creators: name: Nisbet, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: AcademyHealth
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4701
subject: Communication and media studies

description: Experts across a variety of fields tend to believe that the gap between expert knowledge and policymaker knowledge and decision-making results from a lack of understanding of the technical nature of problems and their proposed solutions.1,2 In response, health services researchers and their peers across other fields have engaged in translation and dissemination activities that involve a wide variety communication platforms such as blogs, Facebook, Twitter, online video, open-access journals, and other interactive tools. Yet, research from the fields of science communication, policy studies, and political communication suggests that a narrow focus on these tactics comes at the expense of a broader set of strategies that are likely to be more consequential for improving societal decisions about health services–related issues. Drawing on research from these fields, this paper provides an overview of current challenges to the traditional translation and dissemination paradigm and offers three alternative strategies for effective communication of expert knowledge in the field of health services research.