cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2 of Structural and social changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on engagement in substance use disorder treatment services: a qualitative study among people with a recent history of injection drug use in Baltimore, Maryland
Creators: name: Patel, Eshan U.
name: Grieb, Suzanne M.
name: Winiker, Abigail K.
name: Ching, Jennifer
name: Schluth, Catherine G.
name: Mehta, Shruti H.
name: Kirk, Gregory D.
name: Genberg, Becky L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.
UNDERSTANDING THE HIGHLY REGULATED CLEAVAGE SITES OF HIV-1 GAG PROTEIN
Creators: name: Sondgeroth, Amy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Amy Lee Sondgeroth: Understanding the Highly Regulated Cleavage Sites of HIV-1 Gag Protein(Under the direction of Ronald Swanstrom)      Ordered cleavage of the HIV-1 Gag protein by the retroviral protease (PR) allows condensation of the NC protein and viral RNA followed by release of CA from the membrane-tethered MA to allow capsid formation around the nucleocapsid core. In addition, PRs have a unique specificity that allows cleavage of sites with or without a P1′ proline which they accommodate by having bi-specific S2 and S2' subsites to allow altered substrate conformation dictated by a P1' proline. We modified the cleavage site sequence of sites within Gag to slow or, when possible, increase the rate of cleavage at each site (based on in vitro assays). Rate changes at different sites had different effects on virion infectivity and morphology. These results support the idea that ordered processing of Gag during virion assembly is an important feature of the virus life cycle.
On the behaviour of nanoparticles in oil-in-water emulsions with different surfactants
Creators: name: Lacava, Johann
name: Ouali, Ahmed-Amine
name: Raillard, Brice
name: Kraus, Tobias
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 540

description: The distribution of narrowly dispersed gold nanoparticles in hexane-in-water emulsions was studied for different surfactants. Good surfactants such as SDS and Triton X-100 block the oil-water interfaces and confine particles in the droplet. Other surfactants (Tween 85 and Span 20) form synergistic mixtures with the nanoparticles at the interfaces that lower the surface tension more than any component. Supraparticles with fully defined particle distribution form in the droplets only for surfactants that block the interface. Other surfactants promote the formation of fcc agglomerates. Nanoparticles in emulsions behave markedly different from microparticles-their structure formation is governed by free energy minimization, while microparticles are dominated by kinetics.
Investigation and characterization of novel APC/CCdh1 substrates
Creators: name: Hinkle, Megan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is a critical E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets substrate proteins for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation during specific phases of the cell cycle. Degradation of substrates during mitosis, Gap 1 phase, and quiescence is essential to ensure that cell division occurs properly and without errors. This project investigates potential novel APC/C substrates, with a focus on the candidate substrate La-related protein 1 (LARP1), which plays a role in RNA biology. These candidate substrates are of interest because they do not function directly in mitosis, as many previously identified APC/C substrates. Investigation of LARP1 and candidate substrates involved in chromatin biology indicate that the APC likely has many currently unidentified substrates. In addition, the APC may control the cell cycle by ubiquitinating substrates with functions in various areas of cell biology that are not strictly related to cell division.
Chiral phase transition in the vector meson extended linear sigma model
Creators: name: Kovács, Péter
name: Szép, Zsolt
name: Wolf, György
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of an SU(3) (axial)vector meson extended linear sigma model with additional constituent quarks and Polyakov loops, we investigate the effects of (axial)vector mesons on the chiral phase transition. The parameters of the Lagrangian are set at zero temperature and we use a hybrid approach where in the effective potential the constituent quarks are treated at one-loop level and all the mesons at tree-level. We have four order parameters, two scalar condensates and two Polyakov loop variables and their temperature and baryochemical potential dependence are determined from the corresponding field equations. We also investigate the changes of the tree-level scalar meson masses in the hot and dense medium.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Enhancing Hyper-To-Real Space Projections Through Euclidean Norm Meta-Heuristic Optimization
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Luiz C. F.
name: Roder, Mateus
name: de Rosa, Gustavo H.
name: Passos, Leandro A.
name: Papa, João P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The continuous computational power growth in the last decades has made solving several optimization problems significant to humankind a tractable task; however, tackling some of them remains a challenge due to the overwhelming amount of candidate solutions to be evaluated, even by using sophisticated algorithms. In such a context, a set of nature-inspired stochastic methods, called meta-heuristic optimization, can provide robust approximate solutions to different kinds of problems with a small computational burden, such as derivative-free real function optimization. Nevertheless, these methods may converge to inadequate solutions if the function landscape is too harsh, e.g., enclosing too many local optima. Previous works addressed this issue by employing a hypercomplex representation of the search space, like quaternions, where the landscape becomes smoother and supposedly easier to optimize. Under this approach, meta-heuristic computations happen in the hypercomplex space, whereas variables are mapped back to the real domain before function evaluation. Despite this latter operation being performed by the Euclidean norm, we have found that after the optimization procedure has finished, it is usually possible to obtain even better solutions by employing the Minkowski $p$-norm instead and fine-tuning $p$ through an auxiliary sub-problem with neglecting additional cost and no hyperparameters. Such behavior was observed in eight well-established benchmarking functions, thus fostering a new research direction for hypercomplex meta-heuristic optimization.
Space Weather Research using Spectropolarimetric Radio Imaging Combined With Aditya-L1 and PUNCH Missions
Creators: name: Kansabanik, Devojyoti
name: Mondal, Surajit
name: Oberoi, Divya
name: Majee, Puja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-frequency radio observations have been expected to serve as a powerful tool for Space Weather (SW) observations for decades. Radio observations are sensitive to a wide range of SW-related observations ranging from emissions from coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to the solar wind. Ground-based radio observatories allow one gathering of high-sensitivity data at high time and spectral resolution for an extended period, which remains a challenge for most space-based observatories. While radio techniques like Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) are well established, radio imaging studies have remained technically challenging. This is now changing with the confluence of data from instruments, like the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), and robust unsupervised analysis pipelines. This pipeline delivers full Stokes radio images with unprecedented fidelity and dynamic range. This will serve as a powerful tool for coronal and heliospheric studies. We present the recent developments and achievements to measure the magnetic fields of the CME plasma and shock front at coronal heights and also share the current status of the objective to measure the heliospheric Faraday rotation towards numerous background linearly polarised radio sources with the Sun in the field of view. We envision that in the coming years, the availability of new-generation radio instruments combined with the Aditya-L1 and PUNCH mission will mark the start of a new era in Space Weather modeling and prediction.
description: Conference proceedings, The 21st Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun (CS21)(7 pages, 4 figures)
Approval from the Ethics and Deontology Committee of the University of Aveiro regarding the following study: Analysis of Cyberaggression in Social Networks Involving Students and University Environments
Creators: name: De Oliveira, Eliza Ribeiro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is the approval from the Ethics and Deontology Committee of the University of Aveiro (No. 14-CED/2022). Therefore, the data protection rules were obeyed since all data were treated anonymously. Therefore, aggressive publications will not be exposed. The
Preserving photon qubits in an unknown quantum state with Knill Dynamical Decoupling - Towards an all optical quantum memory
Creators: name: Gupta, Manish K.
name: Navarro, Erik J.
name: Moulder, Todd A.
name: Mueller, Jason D.
name: Balouchi, Ashkan
name: Brown, Katherine L.
name: Lee, Hwang
name: Dowling, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The implementation of polarization-based quantum communication is limited by signal loss and decoherence caused by the birefringence of a single-mode fiber. We investigate the Knill dynamical decoupling scheme, implemented using half-wave plates, to minimize decoherence and show that a fidelity greater than $99\%$ can be achieved in absence of rotation error and fidelity greater than $96\%$ can be achieved in presence of rotation error. Such a scheme can be used to preserve any quantum state with high fidelity and has potential application for constructing all optical quantum delay line, quantum memory, and quantum repeater.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Quick Fix’ Or ‘Slow Deep Burn’? An Exploration Of The Benefits And Challenges Of Implementing A Joint Practice Development Approach In Further Education Institutions
Creators: name: Odell, Patricia Anne
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2020

description: The research aimed to explore the benefits and challenges of implementing a collaborative model of professional development where teachers learn from each other, rather than from more traditional approaches where knowledge or good practice is ‘cascaded’ to members of an audience from ‘experts’ outside the workplace. It aimed to examine the extent to which practitioners can take ownership of their professional development and improve their practice through an approach known as joint practice development (JPD) (Fielding et al, 2005). Rather than being concerned simply with the transfer of practice from one teacher to another, this approach provides opportunities for teachers to share and develop their practice with each other in their working context, with the result that all teachers engaged in the process benefit from the interactions, since all of those involved in the process have skills or knowledge to share. Typically, the model involves practitioners experimenting with new ideas, informed by peer observations, professional discussions and underpinned by relevant literature. A considerable amount of research has been undertaken to explore how the approach can be implemented in schools. However, there appears to be a lack of studies that have investigated whether JPD is a model that could flourish in further education and skills settings and so this research aimed to address this apparent gap in the knowledge. Fundamental to the research was to explore the concepts of professionalism, collaborative learning and specifically how teachers learn from one another in ways that enable them to develop their practice. Through a series of one to one interviews, the study explores how improvements in practice are subsequently spread to the benefit of organisations. By studying the activity through the eyes of a cross section of roles in six FE institutions, the research examines the possibilities of developing a model of joint working that can be generalised to other individuals, groups and further education and skills settings. Since FE organisations are often complex hierarchical structures, the extent to which power facilitates or constrains the approach was central to the study. Focusing on the relationships, interactions and cultural constraints when implementing a version of JPD, the research argues that the approach has the potential to improve practice at an individual level. The findings suggest, however, that JPD is not sustainable as a means to improve practice at the level of an institution in the current climate, due, at least in part, to the prevalence of managerialist cultures in further education organisations.
“So sweet and moving”: Aaron Copland’s 1941 Letter to Leonard Bernstein from Havana and the Reception of Danzón Cubano
Creators: name: Lindquist, Kari
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: This thesis examines Aaron Copland’s April 1941 trip to Havana, which led him to compose Danzón Cubano. He used the practice of listening to Latin American musicians in his composition process. Copland’s trip inspired Leonard Bernstein to travel to Key West in August 1941, resulting in some of his most famous compositions. I argue that these composers incorporated what they heard on their trips into the United States’ classical music scene within the social and political context of WWII and developments in early ethnomusicology. By revisiting archival documents in their physical form, I account for the power dynamics across race, sexuality, and a North/South binary in the creation of these compositions. Whereas most histories focus on nationalism in these composers’ works, I instead analyze their Pan-American vision and shift the discourse by considering the circulation of musical practices among a network of individuals.
Additional file 1 of Sex differences during development in cortical temporal processing and event related potentials in wild-type and fragile X syndrome model mice
Creators: name: Croom, Katilynne
name: Rumschlag, Jeffrey A.
name: Erickson, Michael A.
name: Binder, Devin
name: Razak, Khaleel A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Full statistical analysis of female WT and KO gap-ASSR data. Three-way repeated measures ANOVA results for gap-ASSR analysis. Mauchly Tests for sphericity were utilized and p-values were corrected using the Greenhouse-Geisser method where necessary. See text for post hoc results. Bold text indicates statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05).
On a Zoltán Boros' problem connected with polynomial-like iterative equations
Creators: name: Draga, Szymon
name: Morawiec, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We determine all continuous solutions $g\colon I\to I$ of the polynomial-like iterative equation $g^3(x)=3g(x)-2x$, where $I\subset\mathbb R$ is an interval. In particular, we obtain an answer to a problem posed by Zoltán Boros (during the Fiftieth International Symposium on Functional Equations, 2012) of determining all continuous functions $f\colon (0,+\infty)\to (0,+\infty)$ satisfying $f^3(x)=\frac{[f(x)]^3}{x^2}$.
On the longitudinal structure of the transient day-to-day variation of the semidiurnal tide in the mid-latitude lower thermosphere - I. Winter season
Creators: name: Merzlyakov, E.G.
name: Portnyagin, Yu.I.
name: Jacobi, C.
name: Mitchell, N.J.
name: Muller, H.G.
name: Manson, A.H.
name: Fachrutdinova, A.N.
name: Singer, W.
name: Hoffmann, P.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics
subject: waves and tides)
subject: 530

description: The longitudinal structure of the day-to-day variations of semidiurnal tide amplitudes is analysed based on coordinated mesosphere/lower thermosphere wind measurements at several stations during three winter campaigns. Possible excitation sources of these variations are discussed. Special attention is given to a nonlinear interaction between the semidiurnal tide and the day-to-day mean wind variations. Data processing includes the S-transform analysis which takes into account transient behaviour of secondary waves. It is shown that strong tidal modulations appear during a stratospheric warming and may be caused by aperiodic mean wind variations during this event.
Making the Future a Reality: Commitment Assurances and Time Investment in Daily Life
Creators: name: Chandler, Kylie Reynolds
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Commitment is a hallmark for long-term romantic relationships. However, relatively little is known about how commitment manifests in couples’ everyday lives in a way that orients couples toward their future together. Building on the Investment Model of Commitment, we propose that, in everyday life, individuals with high levels of commitment are more likely to (a) assure their partners about the future of the relationship and (b) behaviorally invest in that future by spending more time in the partner’s presence. Results from a sample of individuals (N = 100) suggest that relationship commitment is associated with greater time investment in the relationship (i.e., time spent with the partner in daily life); results from a second sample of couple members (N = 269) replicate this effect and suggest that relationship commitment is associated with the use of daily assurances, which mediate the relationship between commitment and time spent co-present with the partner.
Modelos de pensamiento, escuelas filosóficas y el método científico
Creators: name: Rivas, Jorge Luis Hilario
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metodo
cientifico
Modelo
Pensamiento
Fislosofia

description: Los modelos de pensamiento, Las escuelas filosóficas y El método científico, son tres enfoques diferentes para la obtención de conocimiento y la resolución de problemas, que están relacionados pero no son lo mismo.
Distributed Coordinate Descent for L1-regularized Logistic Regression
Creators: name: Trofimov, Ilya
name: Genkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Solving logistic regression with L1-regularization in distributed settings is an important problem. This problem arises when training dataset is very large and cannot fit the memory of a single machine. We present d-GLMNET, a new algorithm solving logistic regression with L1-regularization in the distributed settings. We empirically show that it is superior over distributed online learning via truncated gradient.
Additional file 2 of Sex differences during development in cortical temporal processing and event related potentials in wild-type and fragile X syndrome model mice
Creators: name: Croom, Katilynne
name: Rumschlag, Jeffrey A.
name: Erickson, Michael A.
name: Binder, Devin
name: Razak, Khaleel A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2. Full statistical analysis of male and female KO gap-ASSR data. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA results for gap-ASSR analysis comparing male and female Fmr1 KO mice. Sex differences are only seen at p30 in the FC. Degrees of freedom and p-values were corrected for lack of sphericity using the Greenhouse-Geisser method. Bold text indicates statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05).
Hidden topological angles and Lefschetz thimbles
Creators: name: Behtash, Alireza
name: Sulejmanpasic, Tin
name: Schaefer, Thomas
name: Unsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the existence of hidden topological angles (HTAs) in a large class of quantum field theories and quantum mechanical systems. HTAs are distinct from theta-parameters in the lagrangian. They arise as invariant angle associated with saddle points of the complexified path integral and their descent manifolds (Lefschetz thimbles). Physical effects of HTAs become most transparent upon analytic continuation in $n_f$ to non-integer number of flavors, reducing in the integer $n_f$ limit to a $\mathbb Z_2$ valued phase difference between dominant saddles. In ${\cal N}=1$ super Yang-Mills theory we demonstrate the microscopic mechanism for the vanishing of the gluon condensate. The same effect leads to an anomalously small condensate in a QCD-like $SU(N)$ gauge theory with fermions in the two-index representation. The basic phenomenon is that, contrary to folklore, the gluon condensate can receive both positive and negative contributions in a semi-classical expansion. In quantum mechanics, a HTA leads to a difference in semi-classical expansion of integer and half-integer spin particles.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Web-Based 3D Interactive Virtual Systems for Medical Instruments (AquaFlux and Epsilon)
Creators: name: Al Hashimi, Omar Laith Hasan
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2020

description: AquaFlux and Epsilon are two research instruments that are designed and built by London South Bank University. They are used for human skin studies by measuring skin water loss and skin water content. These skin research instruments have now been commercialised and used in more than 200 organisations worldwide. However, due to the nature of these research devices, they often require on-site intensive training, which is expensive and time-consuming. There is a genuine need for an interactive virtual training environment that clients and trainees can access anytime from any location. Therefore, to overcome those issues, an interactive Virtual User Manual (VUM) system is proposed. The AquaFlux and Epsilon VUM systems will consist of building and designing fully interactive virtual environments that are going to guide new clients, existing users, and trainees step-by-step on how to utilise, illustrate the features, functionalities of the research devices. Furthermore, they are going to demonstrate the operational procedure of AquaFlux and Epsilon in different interactive modes (3D animation and 360-Degree VR video). The VUMs are going to be available on the WWW to allow easy access to all users/clients remotely, nationally and internationally. This project’s main objective is to design and develop a web-based virtual, interactive environment for these products AquaFlux and Epsilon. The project is divided into three phases. Phase one is to select the appropriate software to carry out the task of building all 3D objects and scenes, and this phase lasted until the very end of the design stage. Phase two is the development and implementation of designing the virtual AquaFlux and Epsilon interactive environment and going through the development processes. Phase three includes the creation of new hardware accessories and futuristic concepts that can enhance the way these research devices operate by adding extra features to their basic functionalities. By using 3ds Max and Adobe Flash applications, the highest results regarding quality, reality, usability, and functionality were achieved. 3ds Max is used to create all the 3D objects and scenes, whereas Adobe FlashCS6 is used to add interactivity. The developed interactive environment of AquaFlux and Epsilon has shown excellent results in the areas of accessibility, multiple access, usability, cost, and damage resistance. All previous points are illustrated and explained in detail in chapter five of this thesis.
Diurnal variations of aerosol optical properties in the North China Plain and their influences on the estimates of direct aerosol radiative effect
Creators: name: Kuang, Y.
name: Zhao, C.S.
name: Tao, J.C.
name: Ma, N.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: aerosol composition
subject: aerosol formation
subject: aerosol property
subject: albedo
subject: diurnal variation
subject: optical depth
subject: radiative transfer
subject: 550

description: In this paper, the diurnal variations of aerosol optical properties and their influences on the estimation of daily average direct aerosol radiative effect (DARE) in the North China Plain (NCP) are investigated based on in situ measurements from Haze in China campaign. For ambient aerosol, the diurnal patterns of single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry factor (g) in the NCP are both highest at dawn and lowest in the late afternoon, and quite different from those of dry-state aerosol. The relative humidity (RH) is the dominant factor which determines the diurnal pattern of SSA and g for ambient aerosol. Basing on the calculated SSA and g, several cases are designed to investigate the impacts of the diurnal changes of aerosol optical properties on DARE. The results demonstrate that the diurnal changes of SSA and g in the NCP have significant influences on the estimation of DARE at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). If the full temporal coverage of aerosol optical depth (AOD), SSA and g are available, an accurate estimation of daily average DARE can be achieved by using the daily averages of AOD, SSA and g. However, due to the lack of full temporal coverage data sets of SSA and g, their daily averages are usually not available. Basing on the results of designed cases, if the RH plays a dominant role in the diurnal variations of SSA and g, we suggest that using both SSA and g averaged over early morning and late afternoon as inputs for radiative transfer model to improve the accurate estimation of DARE. If the temporal samplings of SSA or g are too few to adopt this method, either averaged over early morning or late afternoon of both SSA and g can be used to improve the estimation of DARE at the TOA.
Topological features in the ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlSi: Role of domain walls
Creators: name: Piva, M. M.
name: Souza, J. C.
name: Brousseau-Couture, V.
name: Sorn, Sopheak
name: Pakuszewski, K. R.
name: John, Janas K.
name: Adriano, C.
name: Côté, M.
name: Pagliuso, P. G.
name: Paramekanti, Arun
name: Nicklas, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the ferromagnetic (FM) Weyl semimetal CeAlSi both space-inversion and time-reversal symmetries are broken. Our quantum oscillation (QO) data indicate that the FM ordering modifies the Fermi surface topology and also leads to an unusual drop in the QO amplitude. In the FM phase, we find a pressure-induced suppression of the anomalous and the loop Hall effects. This cannot be explained based on the electronic band structure or magnetic structure, both of which are nearly pressure independent. Instead, we show that a simplified model describing the scattering of Weyl fermions off FM domain walls can potentially explain the observed topological features. Our study highlights the importance of domain walls for understanding transport in FM Weyl semimetals.
description: This article supersedes arXiv:2111.05742 including additional theoretical results. Published in Physical Review Research
Quasi-flat bands in waveguide arrays
Creators: name: Maimistov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled electromagnetic waves propagating in a waveguide array are discussed. This waveguide array can be considered as one dimensional photon crystal composed from the unit cell containing three different waveguides, namely, two positive refraction index waveguides and one waveguide with negative refraction index. Spectrum of the linear modes of electromagnetic waves in this device contains the quasi-flat band.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Protostellar Outflows and Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars
Creators: name: Kuiper, Rolf
name: Yorke, Harold W.
name: Turner, Neal J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out radiation hydrodynamical simulations of the formation of massive stars in the super-Eddington regime including both their radiative feedback and protostellar outflows. The calculations start from a prestellar core of dusty gas and continue until the star stops growing. The accretion ends when the remnants of the core are ejected, mostly by the force of the direct stellar radiation in the polar direction and elsewhere by the reradiated thermal infrared radiation. How long the accretion persists depends on whether the protostellar outflows are present. We set the mass outflow rate to 1% of the stellar sink particle's accretion rate. The outflows open a bipolar cavity extending to the core's outer edge, through which the thermal radiation readily escapes. The radiative flux is funneled into the polar directions while the core's collapse proceeds near the equator. The outflow thus extends the "flashlight effect", or anisotropic radiation field, found in previous studies from the few hundred AU scale of the circumstellar disk up to the 0.1 parsec scale of the core. The core's flashlight effect allows core gas to accrete on the disk for longer, in the same way that the disk's flashlight effect allows disk gas to accrete on the star for longer. Thus although the protostellar outflows remove material near the core's poles, causing slower stellar growth over the first few free-fall times, they also enable accretion to go on longer in our calculations. The outflows ultimately lead to stars of somewhat higher mass.
description: accepted for publication at ApJ
Morphology parameters: substructure identification in X-ray galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Parekh, Viral
name: van der Heyden, Kurt
name: Ferrari, Chiara
name: Angus, Garry
name: Holwerda, Benne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years multi-wavelength observations have shown the presence of substructures related to merging events in a high fraction of galaxy clusters. Clusters can be roughly grouped into two categories -- relaxed and non-relaxed -- and a proper characterisation of the dynamical state of these systems is of crucial importance both for astrophysical and cosmological studies. In this paper we investigate the use of a number of morphological parameters (Gini, $M_{20}$, Concentration, Asymmetry, Smoothness, Ellipticity and Gini of the second order moment, $G_{M}$) introduced to automatically classify clusters as relaxed or dynamically disturbed systems. We apply our method to a sample of clusters at different redshifts extracted from the {\it Chandra} archive and we investigate possible correlations between morphological parameters and other X-ray gas properties. We conclude that a combination of the adopted parameters is a very useful tool to properly characterise the X-ray cluster morphology. According to our results three parameters -- Gini, $M_{20}$ and Concentration -- are very promising for identifying cluster mergers. The Gini coefficient is a particularly powerful tool, especially at high redshift, being independent from the choice of the position of the cluster centre. We find that high Gini ($>$ 0.65), high Concentration ($>$ 1.55) and low $M_{20}$ ($$ -1.4) characterise dynamically perturbed systems. We also estimate the X-ray cluster morphological parameters in the case of {\it radio loud} clusters. In excellent agreement with previous analyses we confirm that diffuse intracluster radio sources are associated with major mergers.
description: 31 pages, 20 figures; accepted for publication in A&A
Estimating Black Hole Masses in Hundreds of Quasars
Creators: name: Hernitschek, Nina
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Bovy, Jo
name: Morganson, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the practical feasibility of AGN broad-band reverberation mapping and present first results. We lay out and apply a rigorous approach for stochastic reverberation mapping of unevenly sampled multi-broad-band flux measurements, assuming that the broad-line region (BLR) line flux is contributing up to 15 % in some bands, and is directly constrained by one spectroscopical epoch. The approach describes variations of the observed flux as the continuum, modeled as a stochastic Gaussian process, and emission line contribution, modeled as a scaled, smoothed and delayed version of the continuum. This approach is capable not only to interpolate in time between measurements, but also to determine confidence limits on continuum -- line emission delays. This approach is applied to SDSS observations in 'Stripe 82' (S82) providing flux measurements precise to 2 % at $\sim$ 60 epochs over $\sim$ 10 years. The strong annual variations in the epoch sampling prove a serious limitation in practice. Also, suitable redshift ranges must be identified, where strong broad emission line contribute to one filter, but not to another. Through generating and evaluating problem-specific mock data, we verify that S82-like data can constrain $τ_{\mathrm{delay}}$ for a simple transfer function model. In application to real data, we estimate $τ_{\mathrm{delay}}$ for 323 AGN with $0.225 < z < 0.846$, combining information for different objects through the ensemble-scaling relationships for BLR size and BH mass. Our analysis tentatively indicates a 1.7 times larger BLR size of H$α$ and MgII compared to Kaspi2000 and Vestergaard2002, but the seasonal data sampling casts doubt on the robustness of the inference.
Additional file 3 of Sex differences during development in cortical temporal processing and event related potentials in wild-type and fragile X syndrome model mice
Creators: name: Croom, Katilynne
name: Rumschlag, Jeffrey A.
name: Erickson, Michael A.
name: Binder, Devin
name: Razak, Khaleel A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3. Full statistical analysis of male and female WT gap-ASSR data. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA results for gap-ASSR analysis comparing male and female WT mice. No sex differences were present at any age. Degrees of freedom and p-values were corrected for lack of sphericity using the Greenhouse-Geisser epsilon-hat method. Bold text indicates statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05).
Impulsivity and eating disorders: The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and different impulsivity facets in a transdiagnostic sample
Creators: name: Meneguzzo, Paolo
name: Mancini, Cecilia
name: Ormitti, Aurora
name: Garolla, Alice
name: Bonello, Elisa
name: Donini, Lorenzo M.
name: Todisco, Patrizia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Eating disorders (EDs) are severe psychiatric conditions characterised by malnutrition, dysfunctional behaviours, and hypovitaminosis D. In various psychiatric conditions, including EDs, preliminary evidence has correlated impulsivity to a low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. This study aims to reinforce this evidence by examining different facets, both behavioural and psychological, of the impulsivity construct in patients with ED. A sample of 119 women was evaluated with a validated questionnaire and computerised neuropsychological tasks: the UPPS-P impulsive behaviour scale, a go/no-go task, and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). A clinical evaluation for EDs and blood sample collection were also performed to assess specific psychopathology and determine the serum level of 25(OH)D. Significant correlations were found between serum levels of 25(OH)D and BART scores (p = 0.012) and lack of perseverance (p = 0.034). Moreover, regression analyses showed that higher BART scores may be explained by hypovitaminosis D and higher levels of lack of perseverance in patients with EDs. The specific aspect of impulsivity linked to goal strategy and behaviours may be explained in patients with EDs by hypovitaminosis D. A possible connection to the brain inflammatory system is also discussed, along with possible directions for future research.
Force microscopy of layering and friction in an ionic liquid
Creators: name: Hoth, Judith
name: Hausen, Florian
name: Müser, Martin H.
name: Bennewitz, Roland
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publishing
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: AFM Ionic liquids Friction
subject: 530

description: The mechanical properties of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate ([Py1,4][FAP]) in confinement between a SiOx and a Au(1 1 1) surface are investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) under electrochemical control. Up to 12 layers of ion pairs can be detected through force measurements while approaching the tip of the AFM to the surface. The particular shape of the force versus distance curve is explained by a model for the interaction between tip, gold surface and ionic liquid, which assumes an exponentially decaying oscillatory force originating from bulk liquid density correlations. Jumps in the tip–sample distance upon approach correspond to jumps of the compliant force sensor between branches of the oscillatory force curve. Frictional force between the laterally moving tip and the surface is detected only after partial penetration of the last double layer between tip and surface.
Pinna nobilis, IN THE BRINK OF EXTINCTION IN GREEK SEAS
Creators: name: Zotou, Maria
name: Papadakis, Orestis
name: Ragkousis, Michail
name: Issaris, Yiannis
name: Gerakaris, Vasilis
name: Çinar, Melih Ertan
name: Katsanevakis, Stelios
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310305
subject: Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)
classificationCode: 310307
subject: Population ecology

description: Five years have passed after the first reported mass mortality event of the fan mussel Pinna nobilis, and the populations of this emblematic species have mostly collapsed across the Mediterranean basin. Scattered populations are surviving within the basin, in lagoons or enclosed bays with special environmental conditions. Greek fan mussel populations have been severely affected, however the search and protection of surviving healthy populations or individuals, is crucial to increase the chances of recovery. Facing the threat of extinction of P. nobilis, this study is an attempt to depict the current status of fan mussel populations in Greece and to identify unaffected or less affected locations, where populations or individuals are resisting the parasitic infection. Currently, the only known populations with surviving individuals are in Kalloni Gulf (Aegean Sea) and Amvrakikos Gulf (Ionian Sea). Further research is needed to investigate anecdotal information about surviving individuals in various locations and depths across the Greek seas, to better understand the causes of the MME, and to examine possible methods to restore P. nobilis populations.
Wideband Study of the Brightest Black Hole X-ray Binary 4U 1543-47 in the 2021 Outburst: Signature of Disk-Wind Regulated Accretion
Creators: name: Prabhakar, Geethu
name: Mandal, Samir
name: R., Bhuvana G.
name: Nandi, Anuj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comprehensive wideband spectral analysis of the brightest black hole X-ray binary 4U $1543-47$ during its 2021 outburst is carried out for the first time using NICER, NuSTAR, and AstroSat observations by phenomenological and reflection modelling. The source attains a super-Eddington peak luminosity and remains in the soft state, with a small fraction ($< 3\%$) of the inverse-Comptonized photons. The spectral modelling reveals a steep photon index ($Γ\sim 2-2.6$) and relatively high inner disk temperature ($T_{in}\sim 0.9-1.27$ keV). The line-of-sight column density varies between ($0.45-0.54$)$\times10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$. Reflection modelling using the RELXILL model suggests that 4U $1543-47$ is a low-inclination system ($θ\sim 32^\circ - 40^\circ$). The accretion disk is highly ionized (log $ξ$ > 3) and has super solar abundance (3.6$-$10 $A_{Fe,\odot}$) over the entire period of study. We detected a prominent dynamic absorption feature between $\sim 8-11$ keV in the spectra throughout the outburst. This detection is the first of its kind for X-ray binaries. We infer that the absorption of the primary X-ray photons by the highly ionized, fast-moving disk-winds can produce the observed absorption feature. The phenomenological spectral modelling also shows the presence of a neutral absorption feature $\sim 7.1 - 7.4$ keV, and both ionized and neutral absorption components follow each other with a delay of a typical viscous timescale of $10-15$ days.
Soil pH mapping with an on-the-go sensor
Creators: name: Schirrmann, Michael
name: Gebbers, Robin
name: Kramer, Eckart
name: Seidel, Jan
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Precision agriculture
subject: soil sensors
subject: digital soil mapping
subject: soil sampling
subject: pH
subject: antimony electrode
subject: Veris pH ManagerTM
subject: 630

description: Soil pH is a key parameter for crop productivity, therefore, its spatial variation should be adequately addressed to improve precision management decisions. Recently, the Veris pH ManagerTM, a sensor for high-resolution mapping of soil pH at the field scale, has been made commercially available in the US. While driving over the field, soil pH is measured on-the-go directly within the soil by ion selective antimony electrodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Veris pH ManagerTM under farming conditions in Germany. Sensor readings were compared with data obtained by standard protocols of soil pH assessment. Experiments took place under different scenarios: (a) controlled tests in the lab, (b) semicontrolled test on transects in a stop-and-go mode, and (c) tests under practical conditions in the field with the sensor working in its typical on-the-go mode. Accuracy issues, problems, options, and potential benefits of the Veris pH ManagerTM were addressed. The tests demonstrated a high degree of linearity between standard laboratory values and sensor readings. Under practical conditions in the field (scenario c), the measure of fit (r2) for the regression between the on-the-go measurements and the reference data was 0.71, 0.63, and 0.84, respectively. Field-specific calibration was necessary to reduce systematic errors. Accuracy of the on-the-go maps was considerably higher compared with the pH maps obtained by following the standard protocols, and the error in calculating lime requirements was reduced by about one half. However, the system showed some weaknesses due to blockage by residual straw and weed roots. If these problems were solved, the on-the-go sensor investigated here could be an efficient alternative to standard sampling protocols as a basis for liming in Germany.
Structural Changes in Thermoelectric SnSe at High Pressures
Creators: name: Loa, I
name: Husband, R J
name: Downie, R A
name: Popuri, S R
name: Bos, J-W G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystal structure of the thermoelectric material tin selenide has been investigated with angle-dispersive synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction under hydrostatic pressure up to 27 GPa. With increasing pressure, a continuous evolution of the crystal structure from the GeS type to the higher-symmetry TlI type was observed, with a critical pressure of 10.5(3) GPa. The orthorhombic high-pressure modification, beta'-SnSe, is closely related to the pseudo-tetragonal high-temperature modification at ambient pressure. The similarity between the changes of the crystal structure at elevated temperatures and at high pressures suggests the possibility that strained thin films of SnSe may provide a route to overcoming the problem of the limited thermal stability of beta-SnSe at high temperatures.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures