cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Older People’s Resilience in the Context of Climate-Disasters: A Single Instrumental Case Study of Older Women in Poverty who are Widowed, Head of Household, and Living in a Disaster-Affected Community in the Philippines
Creators: name: Kwan, Crystal
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: green social work
subject: gerontological social work
subject: Resiliency
subject: climate disasters
subject: older women
subject: case study
subject: qualitative research
subject: participatory research
subject: Gerontology
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: While disasters are not a new phenomenon, the intensity and frequency of them have increased and are projected to continue to escalate due to climate change, globalization, rapid urbanization, and environmental degradation. Older people living in poverty represent a vulnerable group who require special attention because often their limited access to social, economic, political, and environmental resources increase their risk to the impacts of disasters. The purpose of my study was to identify the key factors and processes (specifically during the mitigation phase of the disaster management cycle or non-disaster times) that shape and influence older people’s resilience within the context of disasters, with a focus on older women living in poverty. My research design was primarily informed by case study methodology, and it included participatory action research (PAR) elements. Purposive sampling was conducted in Apitong, a community in Tacloban City, Philippines that was deeply affected by the 2013 typhoon Haiyan. Four participants were recruited as key informants of the case: a group of older women living in poverty, who are widowed, head of household, and living in a disaster-affected community in the Philippines. The following data collection methods were used: Photovoice (PV)/Videovoice (VV), semi-structured interviews (including one-to-one, focus group, and peer interviews), observation, and document review. The participants were involved in data collection, as they were trained in basic camera use, the PV/VV process, and how to conduct peer interviews. A translator was used in all the interviews, training workshops, and transcriptions. I conducted analysis (using thematic analysis) continuously and recursively, alongside data collection. Utilizing a socio-ecological conceptual framework of resilience, I identified seven environmental and one individual factor and processes that shape and influence the participants’ resilience. My study findings contribute to the paucity of literature regarding older people’s resilience within the context of disasters, specifically the need for more case-specific and context-based knowledge. Additionally, within the discipline of social work, my study informs education, research, and practice in two overlooked but critical areas: green and gerontological social work.
Resolving the environments of dusty star-forming galaxies using narrowband observations
Creators: name: Wardlow, Julie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Measuring the environments of galaxies gives crucial insights into their evolution and the mass of their dark matter halos, and halo mass can connect galaxy populations at different redshifts. For example, dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) and submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) have long been hypothesised to be progenitors of local massive elliptical galaxies, though this requires that they commonly reside is protoclusters and over densities with high dark matter halo masses. Studies to date have been limited by the use of statistical counterpart identification, a lack of spectroscopic redshift, or focusing on sources a prior selected based on environmental indicators. We present new work resolving the environments of ALMA-identified, spectroscopically-confirmed, SMGs using wide-field ESO/HAWK-I narrowband data to pinpoint companions in an unbiased sample of SMGs. Our results show that most SMGs are in protoclusters or protogroups.
Two Nonlinear Bounds for On-Line Computations
Creators: name: Duris, Pavol
name: Galil, Zvi
name: Paul, Wolfgang
name: Reischuk, Ruediger
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: Computer science

description: We prove the following lower bounds for on-line computation. 1) Simulating two tape nondeterministic machines by one tape machine requires n(n log n) time. 2) Simulating k tape (deterministic) machines by machines with k pushdown stores requires n(n log 1/(k+l) n) time.
Random perfect lattices and the sphere packing problem
Creators: name: Andreanov, Alexei
name: Scardicchio, Antonello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the search for best lattice sphere packings in Euclidean spaces of large dimensions we study randomly generated perfect lattices in moderately large dimensions (up to d=19 included). Perfect lattices are relevant in the solution of the problem of lattice sphere packing, because the best lattice packing is a perfect lattice and because they can be generated easily by an algorithm. Their number however grows super-exponentially with the dimension so to get an idea of their properties we propose to study a randomized version of the algorithm and to define a random ensemble with an effective temperature in a way reminiscent of a Monte-Carlo simulation. We therefore study the distribution of packing fractions and kissing numbers of these ensembles and show how as the temperature is decreased the best know packers are easily recovered. We find that, even at infinite temperature, the typical perfect lattices are considerably denser than known families (like A_d and D_d) and we propose two hypotheses between which we cannot distinguish in this paper: one in which they improve Minkowsky's bound phi\sim 2^{-(0.84+-0.06) d}, and a competitor, in which their packing fraction decreases super-exponentially, namely phi\sim d^{-a d} but with a very small coefficient a=0.06+-0.04. We also find properties of the random walk which are suggestive of a glassy system already for moderately small dimensions. We also analyze local structure of network of perfect lattices conjecturing that this is a scale-free network in all dimensions with constant scaling exponent 2.6+-0.1.
description: 19 pages, 22 figures
„Gefahr aus dem Weltall“
Creators: name: Neuhaus, Anke
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Heterogenous Change in Neuronal Bursts Following Recovery from Activity Silencing
Creators: name: Kipp, Alexander Joseph
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: neuronal network
subject: tetrodotoxin
subject: avalanche
subject: complexity
subject: excitatory balance
subject: inhibitory balance
subject: activity silencing
subject: Calcium Imaging
subject: netcal
subject: OASIS
subject: fluo-4
subject: synaptic change
subject: heterosynaptic
subject: silent synapse
subject: homeostatic scaling
subject: hub neuron
subject: bursting
subject: hippocampal culture
subject: rat
subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Toxicology
subject: Engineering--System Science

description: Silencing of activity in hippocampal neuronal cultures was used to study how dynamic neuronal activity achieves a state of homeostasis, using calcium imaging to detect neuronal firing patterns. Recovering cultures were found to display abnormal activity patterns after 48hrs of exposure to tetrodotoxin, as indicated by paradoxical spike and correlation statistics. It was found that the cultures recovering from activity silencing did not resemble a neuronal system with enhanced excitation, but differed significantly from control experiments. Using a newly developed measure of homogeneity it was found that activity patterns in cultures recovering from silencing were more heterogeneous during bursts, which is in contrast to the current perception that bursting activity is a homogeneous event. It was also observed that there were more active neurons during the recovery period. It is hypothesized that these changes in neuronal system dynamics are brought about due to the insertion and heterogenous manipulation of silent synapses. Results suggest a mechanism through which the interplay between homeostatic scaling, silent synapses and bursting behavior could mediate neuronal network homeostasis.
Satisfiability and feasibility in a relationship-based workflow authorization model
Creators: name: Khan, Arif Akram
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 72-76
description: A workflow authorization model is defined in the framework of Relationship-Based Access Control (ReBAC), in which the protection state is a social network. Armed with this model, a new decision problem called workflow feasibility is studied. The goal is to ensure that the space of protection states contains at least one member in which the workflow specification can be executed to completion. A sufficient condition is identified under which feasibil­ity can be decided by a refutation procedure that is both sound and complete. A formal specification language, based on a monotonic fragment of the Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL), is proposed for specifying protection state spaces. The adoption of this language renders workflow feasibility NP-complete in the general case but polynomial-time decidable for an important family of workflows. A model checker for this POL-based language is im­plemented. Hybridization of this PDL-fragment is examined. Satisfiability and feasibility of workflows with XOR-patterns are analyzed as well.
Opinions as incentives
Creators: name: Che, Yeon-Koo
name: Kartik, Navin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Economics

description: We study a model where a decision maker (DM) must select an adviser to advise her about an unknown state of the world. There is a pool of available advisers who all have the same underlying preferences as the DM; they differ, however, in their prior beliefs about the state, which we interpret as differences of opinion. We derive a tradeoff faced by the DM: an adviser with a greater difference of opinion has greater incentives to acquire information, but reveals less of any information she acquires, via strategic disclosure. Nevertheless, it is optimal to choose an adviser with at least some difference of opinion. The analysis reveals two novel incentives for an agent to acquire information: a "persuasion" motive and a motive to "avoid prejudice." Delegation is costly for the DM because it eliminates both of these incentives. We also study the relationship between difference of opinion and difference of preference.
Dynamical Measurements of the Young Upper Scorpius Triple NTTS 155808-2219
Creators: name: Mace, G. N.
name: Prato, L.
name: Torres, G.
name: Wasserman, L. H.
name: Mathieu, R. D.
name: McLean, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The young, low-mass, triple system NTTS 155808-2219 (ScoPMS 20) was previously identified as a ~17-day period single-lined spectroscopic binary with a tertiary component at 0.21 arcseconds. Using high-resolution infrared spectra, acquired with NIRSPEC on Keck II, both with and without adaptive optics, we measured radial velocities of all three components. Reanalysis of the single-lined visible light observations, made from 1987 to 1993, also yielded radial velocity detections of the three stars. Combining visible light and infrared data to compute the orbital solution produces orbital parameters consistent with the single-lined solution and a mass ratio of q = 0.78 +/- 0.01 for the SB. We discuss the consistency between our results and previously published data on this system, our radial-velocity analysis with both observed and synthetic templates, and the possibility that this system is eclipsing, providing a potential method for the determination of the stars' absolute masses. Over the ~20 year baseline of our observations, we have measured the acceleration of the SB's center-of-mass in its orbit with the tertiary. Long-term, adaptive optics imaging of the tertiary will eventually yield dynamical data useful for component mass estimates.
description: 6 Tables, 8 Figures, updated to match published text
Von der Karteikarte zur Datenbank
Creators: name: Heuchert, Regine
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Multiple Random Walks to Uncover Short Paths in Power Law Networks
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Bruno
name: Basu, Prithwish
name: Towsley, Don
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider the following routing problem in the context of a large scale network $G$, with particular interest paid to power law networks, although our results do not assume a particular degree distribution. A small number of nodes want to exchange messages and are looking for short paths on $G$. These nodes do not have access to the topology of $G$ but are allowed to crawl the network within a limited budget. Only crawlers whose sample paths cross are allowed to exchange topological information. In this work we study the use of random walks (RWs) to crawl $G$. We show that the ability of RWs to find short paths bears no relation to the paths that they take. Instead, it relies on two properties of RWs on power law networks: 1) RW's ability observe a sizable fraction of the network edges; and 2) an almost certainty that two distinct RW sample paths cross after a small percentage of the nodes have been visited. We show promising simulation results on several real world networks.
Exploring the Role of ATF4 in Circadian Photic Phase Shifting
Creators: name: Chan, Ryan K.
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Circadian Rhythms
subject: ATF4
subject: Photic Phase Resetting/Shifting
subject: siRNA
subject: CREB
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Psychology--Behavioral
subject: Psychology--Experimental

description: The phenotypic role of activation transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in the mammalian circadian system has yet to be characterized. Previous research has provided evidence that ATF4 may play a key role in modulating molecular circadian activity, and it has been hypothesized that it may also be important for modulating photic resetting of the clock as a repressor of CREB. The main objectives of this investigation were to characterize the circadian expression of ATF4 protein in different lighting conditions, and to examine if downregulation of ATF4 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology would significantly potentiate photic phase shifts. In the Syrian hamster, ATF4 appeared to have a circadian expression in a light/dark cycle, but not when animals were in constant darkness. Light sufficiently increased ATF4 protein expression 2-3hrs following light exposure suggesting light plays an important role in regulating ATF4 expression. However, downregulation of ATF4 via siATF4 did not significantly potentiate phase advances to light as hypothesized. Rather, injections of siATF4 appeared to significantly alter an animal’s phase angle of entrainment. In summary, ATF4 plays an important role in the rhythmicity of the clock as light appears to be important in driving ATF4 circadian expression and its downregulation resulted in increased phase angle. However, the function of light-induced ATF4 expression remains to be determined.
MOESM12 of A field-based modeling study on ecological characterization of hourly host-seeking behavior and its associated climatic variables in Aedes albopictus
Creators: name: Yin, Qingqing
name: Li, Li
name: Guo, Xiang
name: Wu, Rangke
name: Shi, Benyun
name: Wang, Yuji
name: Liu, Yingjie
name: Wu, Shang
name: Pan, Yicheng
name: Wang, Qi
name: Xie, Tian
name: Hu, Tian
name: Xia, Dan
name: Xia, Shang
name: Kambalame, Dzinkambani
name: Li, Wanyu
name: Song, Zhangyao
name: Zhou, Siyun
name: Deng, Ye
name: Xie, Yu
name: Zhou, Xiao-Nong
name: Wang, Chunmei
name: Chen, Xiao-Guang
name: Zhou, Xiaohong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 12: Table S8. Estimated thresholds of temperatures that corresponded to the predicted Ae. albopictus densities which were ≥ 1 per person per hour from multi-month investigations from November 2016 to November 2017.
Growth saturation of unstable thin films on transverse-striped hydrophilic-hydrophobic micropatterns
Creators: name: Ledesma-Aguilar, Rodrigo
name: Hernandez-Machado, Aurora
name: Pagonabarraga, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using three-dimensional numerical simulations, we demonstrate the growth saturation of an unstable thin liquid film on micropatterned hydrophilic-hydrophobic substrates. We consider different transverse-striped micropatterns, characterized by the total fraction of hydrophilic coverage and the width of the hydrophilic stripes. We compare the growth of the film on the micropatterns to the steady states observed on homogeneous substrates, which correspond to a saturated sawtooth and growing finger configurations for hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates, respectively. The proposed micropatterns trigger an alternating fingering-spreading dynamics of the film, which leads to a complete suppression of the contact line growth above a critical fraction of hydrophilic stripes. Furthermore, we find that increasing the width of the hydrophilic stripes slows down the advancing front, giving smaller critical fractions the wider the hydrophilic stripes are. Using analytical approximations, we quantitatively predict the growth rate of the contact line as a function of the covering fraction, and predict the threshold fraction for saturation as a function of the stripe width.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Supplementary material
Creators: name: Niki Paisi 1
name: Kushta, Jonilda
name: Lelieveld, Jos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: excess mortality, GEMM, MR-BRT, Europe, PM2.5

description: Supplementary material of "The contribution of carbonaceous aerosols on air pollution and excess mortality in Europe." full paper for the COMECAP 2023.
Instantons and Chern-Simons flows in 6, 7 and 8 dimensions
Creators: name: Lechtenfeld, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The existence of K-instantons on a cylinder M^7 = R_tau x K/H over a homogeneous nearly K"ahler 6-manifold K/H requires a conformally parallel or a cocalibrated G_2-structure on M^7. The generalized anti-self-duality on M^7 implies a Chern-Simons flow on K/H which runs between instantons on the coset. For K-equivariant connections, the torsionful Yang-Mills equation reduces to a particular quartic dynamics for a Newtonian particle on C. When the torsion corresponds to one of the G_2-structures, this dynamics follows from a gradient or hamiltonian flow equation, respectively. We present the analytic (kink-type) solutions and plot numerical non-BPS solutions for general torsion values interpolating between the instantonic ones.
description: 1+8 pages, 14 figures; talk presented at SQS-11 during 18-23 July, 2011, at JINR, Dubna, Russia; v2: missing * in eq.(1) added
Price and variety in the spokes model
Creators: name: Chen, Yongmin
name: Riordan, Michael H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics

description: The spokes model of nonlocalized spatial competition provides a new analytical tool for differentiated oligopoly and a representation of spatial monopolistic competition. At the unique symmetric equilibrium of the spokes model, an increase in the number of firms leads to lower prices when consumers have relatively high product valuations, but, surprisingly, to higher prices for lower consumer valuations. New entry alters consumer and social welfare through price, market expansion, and matching effects. With free entry, there can be multiple equilibria in the number of firms, the market may provide too many or too few varieties from a social welfare perspective, and the equilibrium price remains above marginal cost even when the number of firms is arbitrarily large.
Migrationsobjekte für eine gemeinsame Erinnerungskultur
Creators: name: Fix, Bahdja A. Maria
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
The Incumbency Effects of Signalling
Creators: name: Caselli, Francesco
name: Cunningham, Tom
name: Morelli, Massimo
name: Moreno De Barreda, Ines
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Much literature on political behavior treats politicians as motivated by reelection, choosing actions to signal their types to voters. We identify a novel implication of incumbent signalling. Because incumbents only care about clearing a reelection hurdle, signals will tend to cluster just above the threshold needed for reelection. This generates a skew distribution of signals leading to an incumbency advantage in the probability of election. We also solve for the optimal threshold when voters have the ability to commit.
SPARC expression during development and inflammation at the blood-brain barrier
Creators: name: Alkabie, Samir
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is a cell-matrix modulating protein involved in angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function, yet a potential role in cerebrovascular repair and inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS) has not previously been characterized. The inflammatory demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized pathologically by inflammatory infiltrates, demyelination and axonal damage/loss and aberrant alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. We hypothesize that SPARC expression may be influenced by inflammatory or repair processes during MS, and that SPARC itself may influence BBB integrity. This study examined SPARC expression in cultured human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (hCMEC/D3), an in vitro model of the BBB, under steady state conditions or those modeling an inflammatory milieu by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. hCMEC/D3s constitutively express SPARC during proliferative growth and downregulate SPARC as cells establish a BBB phenotype. SPARC expression in cerebral endothelia directly correlated with the cell proliferation marker Ki-67, consistent with a role for SPARC in CNS angiogenesis. Proinflammatory cytokines associated with inflammation and immune activation differentially regulate SPARC expression in cerebral endothelia. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin treatment significantly increased SPARC protein levels. TNF-α and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) cotreatment abrogated SPARC induction compared to TNF-α alone, suggesting divergent roles for each cytokine in regulating SPARC expression in cerebral endothelia. Compared to cultures replenished with media lacking exogenously supplied SPARC, addition of a physiological SPARC concentration observed in healthy individuals (0.1μg/ml) increased tight junction protein expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin by approximately thirty percent, suggesting a role in BBB maintenance. Paradoxically, functional assays show recombinant human SPARC applied exogenously increased the transendothelial permeability of hCMEC/D3 monolayers. In agreement, barrier hCMEC/D3s exposed to increased SPARC concentrations (1-10 μg/ml) associated with pathological conditions in vivo, reduced ZO-1 and occludin by one-third. Together, these data support a role for SPARC in BBB maintenance under normal physiological conditions and BBB alterations during inflammatory conditions. In this regard, SPARC levels may play a key role in regulating BBB integrity and serve to alter processes of CNS inflammation and repair.
Optimal collusion-proof auctions
Creators: name: Che, Yeon-Koo
name: Kim, Jinwoo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Economics

description: We study an optimal collusion-proof auction in an environment where subsets of bidders may collude not just on their bids but also on their participation. Despite their ability to collude on participation, informational asymmetry facing the potential colluders can be exploited significantly to weaken their collusive power. The second-best auction - i.e., the optimal auction in a collusion-free environment - can be made collusion-proof, if at least one bidder is not collusive, or there are multiple bidding cartels, or the second-best outcome involves a nontrivial probability of the object not being sold. In case the second-best outcome is not weak collusion-proof implementable, we characterize an optimal collusion-proof auction. This auction involves nontrivial exclusion of collusive bidders - i.e., the object is not sold to any collusive bidder with positive probability.
„Morgens gebracht, abends gemacht“
Creators: name: Pokojski, Veronika
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Congested Observational Learning
Creators: name: Eyster, Eric
name: Galeotti, Andrea
name: Kartik, Navin
name: Rabin, Matthew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics

description: We study observational learning in environments with congestion costs: as more of one's predecessors choose an action, the payoff from choosing that action decreases. Herds cannot occur if congestion on an action can get so large that an agent would prefer to take a different action no matter his beliefs about the state. To the extent that "switching" away from the more popular action also reveals some private information, social learning is improved. The absence of herding does not guarantee complete learning, however, as information cascades can occur through perpetual but uninformative switching between actions. Our main contribution is to provide conditions on the nature of congestion costs that guarantee complete learning and conditions that guarantee bounded learning. We also show that congestion costs have ambiguous effects on the proportion of agents who choose the superior action. We apply our results to markets where congestion costs arise through responsive pricing and to queuing problems where agents dislike waiting for service.
Physical Object Representation and Generalization: A Survey of Natural Language Processing Programs
Creators: name: Wasserman, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper surveys a portion of the field of natural language processing. The main areas considered are those dealing with representation schemes, particularly work on physical object representation, and generalization processes driven by natural language understanding. Five programs serve as case studies for guiding the course of the paper. Within the framework of describing each of these programs, seven other programs, ideas and theories that are relevant to the program in focus are presented. Our current work which integrates representation and generalization is also discussed.
MOESM13 of A field-based modeling study on ecological characterization of hourly host-seeking behavior and its associated climatic variables in Aedes albopictus
Creators: name: Yin, Qingqing
name: Li, Li
name: Guo, Xiang
name: Wu, Rangke
name: Shi, Benyun
name: Wang, Yuji
name: Liu, Yingjie
name: Wu, Shang
name: Pan, Yicheng
name: Wang, Qi
name: Xie, Tian
name: Hu, Tian
name: Xia, Dan
name: Xia, Shang
name: Kambalame, Dzinkambani
name: Li, Wanyu
name: Song, Zhangyao
name: Zhou, Siyun
name: Deng, Ye
name: Xie, Yu
name: Zhou, Xiao-Nong
name: Wang, Chunmei
name: Chen, Xiao-Guang
name: Zhou, Xiaohong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 13: Text S3. Sensitivity analyses.
Spatial modeling of extreme snow depth
Creators: name: Blanchet, Juliette
name: Davison, Anthony C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The spatial modeling of extreme snow is important for adequate risk management in Alpine and high altitude countries. A natural approach to such modeling is through the theory of max-stable processes, an infinite-dimensional extension of multivariate extreme value theory. In this paper we describe the application of such processes in modeling the spatial dependence of extreme snow depth in Switzerland, based on data for the winters 1966--2008 at 101 stations. The models we propose rely on a climate transformation that allows us to account for the presence of climate regions and for directional effects, resulting from synoptic weather patterns. Estimation is performed through pairwise likelihood inference and the models are compared using penalized likelihood criteria. The max-stable models provide a much better fit to the joint behavior of the extremes than do independence or full dependence models.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS464 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
What keeps me here : gendered and generational perspectives on rural life and leaving in an Irish fishing locale
Creators: name: Donkersloot, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: At the most fundamental level, this dissertation aims to promote a better understanding of rural youth emigration through consideration of the importance of ‘place’ in young people’s lives and life choices. Within this over-arching aim, I draw important linkages between the gendered dimensions of rural youth experience and gender disparities in patterns of rural youth out-migration. The out-migration of young people from rural regions is a selective and highly gendered process suggesting considerable differentiation in the way young men and women identify with and experience rural life. Based in the coastal community of Killybegs in the southwest corner of County Donegal, Ireland, this study examines gender differences in the ways in which local youth perceive, experience, and cope with life at home. This includes decisions to emigrate. Central to this endeavor is a theory of social positioning and recognition of the ways in which (social, cultural and symbolic) capital is embodied, gendered and context specific. An underlying objective of this research is to confront discourse which locates ‘stayers’ as a homogenous group of underachievers. To do this I demonstrate the importance of situating young people’s migration decisions in the context of their social groups and locations. I situate young people’s life-paths, not against a standardized set of push-pull factors, but within the everyday encounters and contexts of their own subjective experiences of place. I pay particular attention to the ways in which young people’s migration (and education) choices are differentially shaped by factors such as family norms, resources and values. Grounded in a conceptual framework informed by political economy, gender studies, migration studies and rural studies, this study addresses key questions regarding: 1) gender differences in young people’s perceptions and experiences of ‘staying on’ and leaving, 2) how ‘place’ influences migration decisions differently for young men and women, 3) how and why the social characteristics of migrants and non-migrants, including educational qualifications and social-class background, differ, and 4) how decisions to migrate are made, including weight of parental expectation and how youth emigration, and its local implications, are perceived by the sending community of teachers, parents and peers.
On the value of legal representation
Creators: name: Che, Yeon-Koo
name: Severinov, Sergei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In this paper we investigate how the advice that lawyers provide to their clients affects the disclosure of evidence and the outcome of adjudication, and how the adjudicator should allocate the burden of proof in light of the effect. Despite lawyers' expertise in assessing the evidence, their advice is found to have no effect on adjudication in a broad set of circumstances, if legal advice is costless and the lawyers follow undominated strategies in disclosure. A lawyer's advice can influence the outcome to his client's favor, either if he can credibly advise his client to suppress some favorable evidence or if there is a cost associated with legal advice. The effect is socially undesirable in the former case, but it is desirable in the latter case although the benefit rests on its purely dissipative role as a "money burning" device rather than on his expertise.
Reputations, relationships and the enforcement of incomplete contracts
Creators: name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Commerce
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This paper discusses the literature on the enforcement of incomplete contracts. It compares legal enforcement to enforcement via relationships and reputations. A number of mechanisms, such as the repeat purchase mechanism (Klein and Leffler (1981)) and efficiency wages (Shapiro and Stiglitz (1984)), have been offered as solutions to the problem of enforcing an incomplete contract. It is shown that the efficiency of these solutions is very sensitive to the characteristics of the good or service exchanged. In general, neither the repeat purchase mechanism nor efficiency wages is the most efficient in the set of possible relational contracts. In many situations, total output may be increased through the use of performance pay and through increasing the quality of law.
Reversibility and Non-reversibility in Stochastic Chemical Kinetics
Creators: name: Malyshev, V. A.
name: Pirogov, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C35

description: Mathematical problems with mean field and local type interaction related to stochastic chemical kinetics,are considered. Our main concern various definitions of reversibility, their corollaries (Boltzmann type equations, fluctuations, Onsager relations, etc.) and emergence of irreversibility.
MPEC 2025-F196 : 2025 FW11
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 FW11

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
High efficiency switching using graphene based electron 'optics'
Creators: name: Sajjad, Redwan
name: Ghosh, Avik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absence of a band-gap in graphene limits the gate modulation of its electron conductivity, both in regular graphene as well as in PN junctions, where electrostatic barriers prove transparent to Klein tunneling. We demonstrate a novel way to directly open a gate-tunable transmission gap across graphene PN junctions (GPNJ) by introducing an additional barrier in the middle that replaces Klein tunneling with regular tunneling, allowing us to electrostatically modulate the current by several orders of magnitude. The gap arises by angularly sorting electrons by their longitudinal energy and filtering out the hottest, normally incident electrons with the tunnel barrier, and the rest through total internal reflection. Using analytical and atomistic numerical studies of quantum transport, we show that the complete filtering of all incident electrons causes the GPNJ to act as a novel metamaterial with a unique gate-tunable transmission-gap that generates a sharp non-thermal switching of electrons. In fact, the transmission gap gradually diminishes to zero as we electrostatically reduce the voltage gradient across the junction towards the homogeneous doping limit. The resulting gate tunable metal-insulator transition enables the electrons to overcome the classic room temperature switching limit of kTln10/q = 60mV/decade for subthreshold conduction.
Handling Packet Dropouts and Random Delays for Unstable Delayed Processes in NCS by Optimal Tuning of PIλDμ Controllers with Evolutionary Algorithms
Creators: name: Pan, Indranil
name: Das, Saptarshi
name: Gupta, Amitava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The issues of stochastically varying network delays and packet dropouts in Networked Control System (NCS) applications have been simultaneously addressed by time domain optimal tuning of fractional order (FO) PID controllers. Different variants of evolutionary algorithms are used for the tuning process and their performances are compared. Also the effectiveness of the fractional order PIλDμ controllers over their integer order counterparts is looked into. Two standard test bench plants with time delay and unstable poles which are encountered in process control applications are tuned with the proposed method to establish the validity of the tuning methodology. The proposed tuning methodology is independent of the specific choice of plant and is also applicable for less complicated systems. Thus it is useful in a wide variety of scenarios. The paper also shows the superiority of FOPID controllers over their conventional PID counterparts for NCS applications.
description: 30 pages, 18 figures
Karl von Drais ( 1785 – 1851)
Creators: name: Kube, Kristin
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Classifying Numeric Information for Generalization
Creators: name: Lebowitz, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: Computer science

description: Learning programs that generalize from real-world examples will have to deal with many different kinds of data. Continuous numeric data can cause problems for algorithms that search for examples with identical property values. These problems can be surmounted by categorizing the numeric data. However, this process has problems of its own. In this paper, we look at the need for categorizing numeric data and several methods for doing so. We concentrate on the use of generalization-based memory, a memory organization where actual examples are stored along with generalizations, which leads to a generalization-based categorization algorithm. We also consider how to use a number heuristic, looking for gaps. These methods have been implemented in the UNIMEM computer system. Examples are presented of these algorithms categorizing data about the states of the United States.
The DADO Parallel Computer
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: Computer science

description: DADO is a parallel, tree-structured machine designed to provide significant performance improvements in the execution of large production systems. A full-scale production version of the DADO machine would comprise a large (on the order of a hundred thousand) set of processing elements (PE's), each containing its own processor, a small amount (8K bytes, in the current prototype design) of local random access memory, and a specialized I/O switch. The PE's are interconnected to form a complete binary tree. This paper describes the organization of, and programming language for two prototypes of the DADO system. We also detail a general procedure for the parallel execution of production systems on the DADO machine and outline how this procedure can be extended to include commutative and multiple, independent production systems. We then compare this with the RETE machine matching algorithm, and indicate how PROLOG programs may be implemented directly on DADO.
Conformal symmetry algebra of the quark potential and degeneracies in the hadron spectra
Creators: name: Kirchbach, Mariana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The essence of the potential algebra concept [3] is that quantum mechanical free motions of scalar particles on curved surfaces of given isometry algebras can be mapped on 1D Schroedinger equations with particular potentials. As long as the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a curved surface is proportional to one of the Casimir invariants of the isometry algebra, free motion on the surface is described by means of the eigenvalue problem of that very Casimir operator and the excitation modes are classified according to the irreps of the algebra of interest. In consequence, also the spectra of the equivalent Schroedinger operators are classified according to the same irreps. We here use the potential algebra concept as a guidance in the search for an interaction describing conformal degeneracies. For this purpose we subject the so(4) isometry algebra of the S^3 ball to a particular non-unitary similarity transformation and obtain a deformed isometry copy to S^3 such that free motion on the copy is equivalent to a cotangent perturbed motion on S^3, and to the 1D Schroedinger operator with the trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential as well. The latter presents itself especially well suited for quark-system studies insofar as its Taylor series decomposition begins with a Cornell-type potential and in accord with lattice QCD predictions. We fit the strength of the cotangent potential to the spectra of the unflavored high-lying mesons and obtain a value compatible with the light dilaton mass. We conclude that while the conformal group symmetry of QCD following from AdS_5/CFT_4 may be broken by the dilaton mass, it still may be preserved as a symmetry algebra of the potential, thus explaining the observed conformal degeneracies in the unflavored hadron spectra, both baryons and mesons.
description: Invited talk presented at "Beauty in Physics:Theory and Experiment", May 14-May 18, Cocoyoc, Mexico, dedicated to the 70th birthday of Francesco Yachello
Russia's Transition Toward the World Economy: Is the Market Mechanism Working?
Creators: name: Desai, Padma B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: By the end of 1993, the unified and freely convertible ruble on current account represented a major step in Russia's foreign exchange management. The monetarist model of this paper (which gives a robust estimate of the real exchange rate) suggests that the impact of the gap between available cash supply and cash demand (in the next month) on the real ruble-dollar exchange rate (for the period beginning July 1992 and ending in December 1994) was small. Perhaps this parametric value reflects the restrictions on foreign exchange transactions, and the intervention of the Central Bank of Russia (CBR) in the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX) which determines the exchange rate. In contrast to the unification and current account convertibility of the ruble, progress during 1992-94 in the foreign trading arrangements was halting. Export trading was hobbled by export quotas, licensing and passport surveillance. There were no quantitative restrictions on import activity which nevertheless was subjected to steadily rising import tariffs (evidently calculated to counter the impact of the appreciating real ruble). The estimates of the trade equations suggest that the real exchange rate had no impact, ceteris paribus, on export performance but it influenced import flows. The changing pattern of Russia's trade, in terms of (export-import) commodity composition and orientation, has to be judged in the context of the asymmetrical impact of the exchange rate on that pattern.
The central role of noise in evaluating interventions that use test scores to rank schools
Creators: name: Chay, Kenneth
name: McEwan, Patrick J.
name: Urquiola, Miguel S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Educational tests and measurements

description: Several countries have implemented programs that use test scores to rank schools, and to reward or penalize them based on their students' average performance. Recently, Kane and Staiger (2002) have warned that imprecision in the measurement of school-level test scores could impede these efforts. There is little evidence, however, on how seriously noise hinders the evaluation of the impact of these interventions. We examine these issues in the context of Chile's P-900 program-a country-wide intervention in which resources were allocated based on cutoffs in schools' mean test scores. We show that transitory noise in average scores and mean reversion lead conventional estimation approaches to greatly overstate the impacts of such programs. We then show how a regression discontinuity design that utilizes the discrete nature of the selection rule can be used to control for reversion biases. While the RD analysis provides convincing evidence that the P-900 program had significant effects on test score gains, these effects are much smaller than is widely believed.
MOESM1 of A field-based modeling study on ecological characterization of hourly host-seeking behavior and its associated climatic variables in Aedes albopictus
Creators: name: Yin, Qingqing
name: Li, Li
name: Guo, Xiang
name: Wu, Rangke
name: Shi, Benyun
name: Wang, Yuji
name: Liu, Yingjie
name: Wu, Shang
name: Pan, Yicheng
name: Wang, Qi
name: Xie, Tian
name: Hu, Tian
name: Xia, Dan
name: Xia, Shang
name: Kambalame, Dzinkambani
name: Li, Wanyu
name: Song, Zhangyao
name: Zhou, Siyun
name: Deng, Ye
name: Xie, Yu
name: Zhou, Xiao-Nong
name: Wang, Chunmei
name: Chen, Xiao-Guang
name: Zhou, Xiaohong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Text S1. The eligible site selection and the process of hourly observation.