cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Estimating inter-event time distributions from finite observation periods in communication networks
Creators: name: Kivelä, Mikko
name: Porter, Mason A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A diverse variety of processes --- including recurrent disease episodes, neuron firing, and communication patterns among humans --- can be described using inter-event time (IET) distributions. Many such processes are ongoing, although event sequences are only available during a finite observation window. Because the observation time window is more likely to begin or end during long IETs than during short ones, the analysis of such data is susceptible to a bias induced by the finite observation period. In this paper, we illustrate how this length bias is born and how it can be corrected without assuming any particular shape for the IET distribution. To do this, we model event sequences using stationary renewal processes, and we formulate simple heuristics for determining the severity of the bias. To illustrate our results, we focus on the example of empirical communication networks, which are temporal networks that are constructed from communication events. The IET distributions of such systems guide efforts to build models of human behavior, and the variance of IETs is very important for estimating the spreading rate of information in networks of temporal interactions. We analyze several well-known data sets from the literature, and we find that the resulting bias can lead to systematic underestimates of the variance in the IET distributions and that correcting for the bias can lead to qualitatively different results for the tails of the IET distributions.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures; Software used for the analysis: http://github.com/bolozna/iet
Benchmarking Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum Error Mitigation Strategies for Ground State Preparation of the HCl Molecule
Creators: name: Weaving, Tim
name: Ralli, Alexis
name: Kirby, William M.
name: Love, Peter J.
name: Succi, Sauro
name: Coveney, Peter V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to numerous limitations including restrictive qubit topologies, short coherence times and prohibitively high noise floors, few quantum chemistry experiments performed on existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum hardware have achieved the high bar of chemical precision, namely energy errors to within 1.6 mHa of full configuration interaction. To have any hope of doing so, we must layer contemporary resource reduction techniques with best-in-class error mitigation methods; in particular, we combine the techniques of qubit tapering and the contextual subspace variational quantum eigensolver with several error mitigation strategies comprised of measurement-error mitigation, symmetry verification, zero-noise extrapolation and dual-state purification. We benchmark these strategies across a suite of eight 27-qubit IBM Falcon series quantum processors, taking preparation of the HCl molecule's ground state as our testbed.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, supplementary GitHub repository: https://github.com/TimWeaving/quantum-error-mitigation
On incorporation of heavy-quark mass into soft-wall holographic models
Creators: name: Afonin, S. S.
name: Solomko, T. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the soft-wall holographic model with the linear dilaton background. The model leads to a Hydrogen-like meson spectrum which can be interpreted as the static limit with very large quark masses when the Coulomb interaction dominates. The mass scale introduced by the linear dilaton is matched to the quark mass. The resulting model is analyzed for the scalar, vector and tensor cases. The electromagnetic coupling constants predicted by the model are decreasing with the radial number in contrast to the soft-wall model with quadratic dilaton where these couplings represent a universal constant. The given prediction is qualitatively consistent with the corresponding experimental data in vector quarkonia. The proposed model can thus be used as a constituent part of more elaborated holographic models for heavy quarkonia. A particular example of such a model is put forward.
description: 24 pages
Evaluation of Phylogenetic Methods for Inferring the Direction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Transmission: HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052
Creators: name: Chen, Y.Q.
name: Laeyendecker, O.
name: Fraser, C.
name: Eshleman, S.H.
name: Chariyalertsak, S.
name: Hosseinipour, M.C.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Wymant, C.
name: Hakim, J.G.
name: Makhema, J.
name: Grabowski, M.K.
name: Kumarasamy, N.
name: Kumwenda, J.
name: Gamble, T.
name: Mills, L.A.
name: Santos, B.R.
name: Grinsztejn, B.
name: Pilotto, J.H.
name: Hall, M.
name: McCauley, M.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Hudelson, S.
name: Piwowar-Manning, E.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: Background: Phylogenetic analysis can be used to assess human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in populations. We inferred the direction of HIV transmission using whole-genome HIV sequences from couples with known linked infection and known transmission direction. Methods: Complete next-generation sequencing (NGS) data were obtained for 105 unique index-partner sample pairs from 32 couples enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 study (up to 2 samples/person). Index samples were obtained up to 5.5 years before partner infection; partner samples were obtained near the time of seroconversion. The bioinformatics method, phyloscanner, was used to infer transmission direction. Analyses were performed using samples from individual sample pairs, samples from all couples (1 sample/person; group analysis), and all available samples (multisample group analysis). Analysis was also performed using NGS data from defined regions of the HIV genome (gag, pol, env). Results: Using whole-genome NGS data, transmission direction was inferred correctly (index to partner) for 98 of 105 (93.3%) of the individual sample pairs, 99 of 105 (94.3%) sample pairs using group analysis, and 31 of the 32 couples (96.9%) using multisample group analysis. There were no cases where the incorrect transmission direction (partner to index) was inferred. The accuracy of the method was higher with greater time between index and partner sample collection. Pol region sequences performed better than env or gag sequences for inferring transmission direction. Conclusions: We demonstrate the potential of a phylogenetic method to infer the direction of HIV transmission between 2 individuals using whole-genome and pol NGS data.
Room-temperature and tunable tunneling magnetoresistance in Fe3GaTe2-based all-2D van der Waals heterojunctions with high spin polarization
Creators: name: Jin, Wen
name: Zhang, Gaojie
name: Wu, Hao
name: Yang, Li
name: Zhang, Wenfeng
name: Chang, Haixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) based on all-two dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures with sharp and clean interfaces in atomic scale are essential for the application of next-generation spintronics. However, the lack of room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetic crystals with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy has greatly hindered the development of vertical MTJs. The discovery of room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetic 2D crystal Fe3GaTe2 has solved the problem and greatly facilitated the realization of practical spintronic devices. Here, we demonstrate a room-temperature MTJ based on Fe3GaTe2/WS2/Fe3GaTe2 heterostructure. The tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio is up to 213% with high spin polarization of 72% at 10 K, the highest ever reported in Fe3GaTe2-based MTJs up to now. The tunnelling spin-valve signal robustly exists at room temperature (300 K) with bias current down to 10 nA. Moreover, the spin polarization can be modulated by bias current and the TMR shows a sign reversal at large bias current. Our work sheds light on the potential application for low-energy consumption all-2D vdW spintronics and offers alternative routes for the electronic control of spintronic devices.
The distribution of "time of flight" in three dimensional stationary chaotic advection
Creators: name: Raynal, Florence
name: Carrière, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distributions of "time of flight" (time spent by a single fluid particle between two crossings of the Poincaré section) are investigated for five different 3D stationary chaotic mixers. Above all, we study the large tails of those distributions, and show that mainly two types of behaviors are encountered. In the case of slipping walls, as expected, we obtain an exponential decay, which, however, does not scale with the Lyapunov exponent. Using a simple model, we suggest that this decay is related to the negative eigenvalues of the fixed points of the flow. When no-slip walls are considered, as predicted by the model, the behavior is radically dfferent, with a very large tail following a power law with an exponent close to -3.
Literature in second-language education: a cognitive-affective approach to the use of literary narrative in an intermediate Russian language classroom
Creators: name: Yunusova, Sofya
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis analyses the methodology behind using literary narrative at Intermediate levels of Russian second-language (L2) instruction. It is generally well-accepted that students at this stage of language acquisition, and especially Intermediate lows, are ill-prepared for interacting with literature. Russian second-language (RSL) learners at this instructional level are indeed rarely exposed to literary texts. If present in learning curricula, the latter are usually simplified and are used as opportunities to train learners’ basic language skills. Yet, there are now strong reasons to believe that by exposing Intermediate learners, including Intermediate lows, to the original language of literary prose it is possible to achieve significant didactic benefits on the linguistic, cultural and motivational levels. It is thus crucial to understand how to support these learners’ interactions with literary narrative and capitalise on the multilayered pedagogical potential of this type of classroom reading. To this end, I first build on past research in reading comprehension, cognitive psychology and literary studies to determine the mechanisms underlying L2 reading comprehension and L2 literary reading. I show how cognitive models of reading comprehension on the one hand, and cognitive and affective approaches to literary reading on the other hand, can provide useful heuristics for using literary texts in L2 classrooms. I then describe the suggested pedagogical approach and illustrate it on sample texts coming from 21st century Russian literary narrative. I finally document an empirical study which used the developed teaching materials in real-life language classrooms and discuss the yielded results. This investigation showed that participants were both able to achieve adequate reading comprehension and engage with target texts in a literary way. It also revealed a series of additional learning gains. I conclude that by implementing the tenets of the proposed teaching approach in Intermediate language classrooms, language instructors may efficiently support their learners’ interaction with literary prose. Additionally, I suggest that an early introduction of authentic literary narrative may constitute a means to consolidate RSL curricula, while encouraging retention in Russian language programs, especially in non-Russian-speaking countries.
A Framework for Combining Entity Resolution and Query Answering in Knowledge Bases
Creators: name: Fagin, Ronald
name: Kolaitis, Phokion G.
name: Lembo, Domenico
name: Popa, Lucian
name: Scafoglieri, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new framework for combining entity resolution and query answering in knowledge bases (KBs) with tuple-generating dependencies (tgds) and equality-generating dependencies (egds) as rules. We define the semantics of the KB in terms of special instances that involve equivalence classes of entities and sets of values. Intuitively, the former collect all entities denoting the same real-world object, while the latter collect all alternative values for an attribute. This approach allows us to both resolve entities and bypass possible inconsistencies in the data. We then design a chase procedure that is tailored to this new framework and has the feature that it never fails; moreover, when the chase procedure terminates, it produces a universal solution, which in turn can be used to obtain the certain answers to conjunctive queries. We finally discuss challenges arising when the chase does not terminate.
Reduction of rain-induced errors for wind speed estimation on SAR observations using convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Colin, Aurélien
name: Tandeo, Pierre
name: Peureux, Charles
name: Husson, Romain
name: Fablet, Ronan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synthetic Aperture Radar is known to be able to provide high-resolution estimates of surface wind speed. These estimates usually rely on a Geophysical Model Function (GMF) that has difficulties accounting for non-wind processes such as rain events. Convolutional neural network, on the other hand, have the capacity to use contextual information and have demonstrated their ability to delimit rainfall areas. By carefully building a large dataset of SAR observations from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission, collocated with both GMF and atmospheric model wind speeds as well as rainfall estimates, we were able to train a wind speed estimator with reduced errors under rain. Collocations with in-situ wind speed measurements from buoys show a root mean square error that is reduced by 27% (resp. 45%) under rainfall estimated at more than 1 mm/h (resp. 3 mm/h). These results demonstrate the capacity of deep learning models to correct rain-related errors in SAR products.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
The Role of Symmetry in Mathematics
Creators: name: Yanofsky, Noson S.
name: Zelcer, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 00A30, 03A05

description: Over the past few decades the notion of symmetry has played a major role in physics and in the philosophy of physics. Philosophers have used symmetry to discuss the ontology and seeming objectivity of the laws of physics. We introduce several notions of symmetry in mathematics and explain how they can also be used in resolving different problems in the philosophy of mathematics. We use symmetry to discuss the objectivity of mathematics, the role of mathematical objects, the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics and the relationship of mathematics to physics.
description: 25 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1306.4235
Nilotonia (Nilotonia) indica Walter 1928
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Anisitsiellidae
Nilotonia
Nilotonia indica

description: Nilotonia (Nilotonia) indica Walter, 1928
Records from the study area: Kerala—Walter (1928); Prasad (1974); Kerala, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh— Panesar (2004).
Habitat: Ponds.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Domain-knowledge Inspired Pseudo Supervision (DIPS) for Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation Models to Support Cross-Domain Classification
Creators: name: Al-Hindawi, Firas
name: Siddiquee, Md Mahfuzur Rahman
name: Wu, Teresa
name: Hu, Han
name: Sun, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The ability to classify images is dependent on having access to large labeled datasets and testing on data from the same domain that the model can train on. Classification becomes more challenging when dealing with new data from a different domain, where gathering and especially labeling a larger image dataset for retraining a classification model requires a labor-intensive human effort. Cross-domain classification frameworks were developed to handle this data domain shift problem by utilizing unsupervised image-to-image translation models to translate an input image from the unlabeled domain to the labeled domain. The problem with these unsupervised models lies in their unsupervised nature. For lack of annotations, it is not possible to use the traditional supervised metrics to evaluate these translation models to pick the best-saved checkpoint model. This paper introduces a new method called Domain-knowledge Inspired Pseudo Supervision (DIPS) which utilizes domain-informed Gaussian Mixture Models to generate pseudo annotations to enable the use of traditional supervised metrics. This method was designed specifically to support cross-domain classification applications contrary to other typically used metrics such as the FID which were designed to evaluate the model in terms of the quality of the generated image from a human-eye perspective. DIPS proves its effectiveness by outperforming various GAN evaluation metrics, including FID, when selecting the optimal saved checkpoint model. It is also evaluated against truly supervised metrics. Furthermore, DIPS showcases its robustness and interpretability by demonstrating a strong correlation with truly supervised metrics, highlighting its superiority over existing state-of-the-art alternatives. The code and data to replicate the results can be found on the official Github repository: https://github.com/Hindawi91/DIPS
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2212.09107
A skeletal high-order structure preserving scheme for advection-diffusion equations
Creators: name: Moatti, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a nonlinear structure preserving high-order scheme for anisotropic advection-diffusion equations. This scheme, based on Hybrid High-Order methods, can handle general meshes. It also has an entropy structure, and preserves the positivity of the solution. We present some numerical simulations showing that the scheme converges at the expected order, while preserving positivity and long-time behaviour.
Legendre submanifolds in contact manifolds as attractors and geometric nonequilibrium thermodynamics
Creators: name: Goto, Shin-itiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that equilibrium thermodynamics is described on Legendre submanifolds in contact geometry. It is shown in this paper that Legendre submanifolds embedded in a contact manifold can be expressed as attractors in phase space for a certain class of contact Hamiltonian vector fields. By giving a physical interpretation that points outside the Legendre submanifold can represent nonequilibrium states of thermodynamic variables, in addition to that points of a given Legendre submanifold can represent equilibrium states of the variables, this class of contact Hamiltonian vector fields is physically interpreted as a class of relaxation processes, in which thermodynamic variables achieve an equilibrium state from a nonequilibrium state through a time evolution, a typical nonequilibrium phenomenon. Geometric properties of such vector fields on contact manifolds are characterized after introducing a metric tensor field on a contact manifold. It is also shown that a contact manifold and a strictly convex function induce a lower dimensional dually flat space used in information geometry where a geometrization of equilibrium statistical mechanics is constructed. Legendre duality on contact manifolds is explicitly stated throughout.
description: 29 pages
Sexually transmitted infections among HIV serodiscordant partners: A secondary analysis of HIV Prevention Trial Network 052
Creators: name: Badal-Faesen, S.
name: Cohen, M.
name: Akelo, V.
name: Chagomerana, M.B.
name: Hosseinipour, M.C.
name: Chariyalertsak, S.
name: Nyirenda, M.
name: Shava, E.
name: Pilotto, J.H.
name: Panchia, R.
name: Godbole, S.V.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Ltd
Year: 2021

description: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a public health concern because of their interaction(s) with HIV. In the HPTN 052 study, STIs were evaluated in both HIV-positive index cases and their HIV-negative partners at enrollment and at yearly follow-up visits. Our definition for STI was based on any infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. We used log-binomial regression models to identify factors associated with prevalent STIs. Generalized estimating equation models with the Poisson distribution were used to compare STI incidence between HIV-positive index cases and HIV-negative partners. 8.1% of the participants had STIs at enrollment. The prevalence of STIs (8.9 vs. 7.2) was higher in HIV-positive index cases than HIV-negative partners. Being female (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.20–2.16) or unmarried (PR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.17–3.14) was associated with prevalent STIs. Compared to HIV-negative male partners, HIV-positive female index cases had a higher risk of STI acquisition (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.70–2.97). While we are implementing HIV prevention interventions for HIV-negative people, we should also intensify targeted STI prevention interventions, especially among HIV-positive women.
A note on the electrochemical nature of the thermoelectric power
Creators: name: Apertet, Y.
name: Ouerdane, H.
name: Goupil, C.
name: Lecoeur, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While thermoelectric transport theory is well established and widely applied, there remains some degree of confusion on the proper thermodynamic definition of the Seebeck coefficient (or thermoelectric power) which is a measure of the strength of the mutual interaction between electric charge transport and heat transport. Indeed, as one considers a thermoelectric system, it is not always clear whether the Seebeck coefficient is to be related to the gradient of the system's chemical potential or to the gradient of its electrochemical potential. This pedagogical article aims to shed light on this confusion and clarify the thermodynamic definition of the thermoelectric coupling. First, we recall how the Seebeck coefficient is experimentally determined. We then turn to the analysis of the relationship between the thermoelectric power and the relevant potentials in the thermoelectric system: As the definitions of the chemical and electrochemical potentials are clarified, we show that, with a proper consideration of each potential, one may derive the Seebeck coefficient of a non-degenerate semiconductor without the need to introduce a contact potential as seen sometimes in the literature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phenomenological expression of the electrical current resulting from thermoelectric effects may be directly obtained from the drift-diffusion equation.
Using convolutional neural networks to improve branch prediction
Creators: name: Zangeneh Kamali, Siavash
name: 0000-0002-1893-7569
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Branch prediction
Computer architecture
High-performance processors
Machine learning
Neural networks
Convolutional neural networks
Microarchitecture

description: The state-of-the-art branch predictor, TAGE, remains inefficient at identifying correlated branches deep in a noisy global branch history. This dissertation argues this inefficiency is a fundamental limitation of runtime branch prediction and not a coincidental artifact due to the design of TAGE. To further improve branch prediction, we need to relax the constraint of runtime only training and adopt more sophisticated prediction mechanisms. To this end, I propose using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that are trained at compile-time to accurately predict branches that TAGE cannot. Given enough profiling coverage, CNNs learn input-independent branch correlations that can accurately predict branches when running a program with unseen inputs. I describe two practical approaches for using CNNs. First, I build on the work of Tarsa et al. and introduce BranchNet, a CNN with a storage-efficient on-chip inference engine tailored to the needs of branch prediction. At runtime, BranchNet predicts a few hard-to-predict branches, while TAGE-SC-L predicts the remaining branches. This hybrid approach reduces the MPKI of SPEC2017 Integer benchmarks by 9.6% (and up to 17.7%) compared to a 64KB TAGE-SC-L without increasing the prediction latency. Alternatively, instead of using BranchNet as a black-box predictor, I use it to explicitly identify correlated branches and filter the global branch history of TAGE to include only the outcomes of correlated branches. Filtering the branch history leads to less allocation pressure and faster warmup time in TAGE, resulting in improved prediction accuracy and better storage-efficiency. Filtering TAGE histories achieves a notable fraction of BranchNet's accuracy improvements (average 3.7% MPKI reduction, up to 9.4%) with a simpler predictor design.
Multi-pooling 3D Convolutional Neural Network for fMRI Classification of Visual Brain States
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Takeda, Masaki
name: Iwata, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural decoding of visual object classification via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is challenging and is vital to understand underlying brain mechanisms. This paper proposed a multi-pooling 3D convolutional neural network (MP3DCNN) to improve fMRI classification accuracy. MP3DCNN is mainly composed of a three-layer 3DCNN, where the first and second layers of 3D convolutions each have a branch of pooling connection. The results showed that this model can improve the classification accuracy for categorical (face vs. object), face sub-categorical (male face vs. female face), and object sub-categorical (natural object vs. artificial object) classifications from 1.684% to 14.918% over the previous study in decoding brain mechanisms.
Syndromes Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections in Lilongwe, Malawi: Burden and Trends, 2006 to 2015
Creators: name: Kamanga, G.
name: Nyirenda, N.
name: Jere, E.
name: Chagomerana, M.
name: Bonongwe, N.
name: Mapanje, C.
name: Phiri, S.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Mathiya, E.
name: Matoga, M.
name: Massa, C.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Hoffman, I.F.
name: Kudowa, E.
name: Chen, J.S.
name: Ngoma, E.
name: Ndalama, B.
name: Powers, K.A.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2021

description: Monitoring the burden of and trends in sexually transmitted infection syndromes is useful in informing syndromic management guidelines. Among sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Lilongwe, Malawi, between 2006 and 2015, genital discharge, lower abdominal pain, and genital ulcer syndromes were common. Prevalence of most syndromes remained stable during the 10-year period.
Coulomb collisions of hot and cold single electrons in series-coupled silicon single-electron pumps
Creators: name: Yamahata, Gento
name: Johnson, Nathan
name: Fujiwara, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Control of the Coulomb interaction between single electrons is vital for realizing quantum information processing using flying electrons and, particularly, for the realization of deterministic two-qubit operations. Since the strength of the Coulomb interaction increases with decreasing distance, a collision experiment of single electrons would be an ideal way to investigate it. Moreover, it would be useful to study such a Coulomb collision in silicon system, which has been extensively studied for qubit applications but so far has not been used for making Coulomb collisions at the single-electron level. Here, we made two series-coupled tunable-barrier single-electron pumps in silicon and used one to inject a hot single electron into the other pump in each pumping cycle. The hot single electron collides with a cold single electron confined in the other single-electron pump. We observed a current flow due to ejection not only of the hot single electron but also of the confined cold single electron. The latter leads to an excess current at a current plateau at a certain voltage range. We also found that increasing the number of cold electrons from one to two increased the cold-electron current by at least twofold. These results can be explained by a charging effect due to the Coulomb interaction. This observation is an important step toward quantum manipulation of flying single electrons in silicon.
Inference of socioeconomic indicators based on street images using deep learning
Creators: name: Werner, Willian
name: Almeida, Leticia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: deep learning
Vale do Ribeira
street view images

description: Undergraduate thesis presented at the University of São Paulo.
 Abstract:
 Using street images extracted from Google Street View and demographic data from the 2010 IBGE Census, this study proposes a predictive model based on deep learning to be used as an estimator of socioeconomic indicators. In addition, it presents the intermediate experiments and the adjustments that were made to the methodology of the final experiment. via: pcs.usp.br
description: Acknowledgments: The PARSEC project is funded by the Belmont Forum, Collaborative Research Action on Science-Driven e-Infrastructures Innovation.
A comprehensive study of the (2R3x2R3)R30 structure of silicene on Ag(111)
Creators: name: Jamgotchian, H.
name: Ealet, B.
name: Colignon, Y.
name: Maradj, H.
name: Hoarau, J-Y.
name: Biberian, J-P.
name: Aufray, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The deposition of one silicon monolayer on Ag(111) gives rise to a set of superstructures depending on growth conditions. These superstructures are correlated to the epitaxy between the honeycomb structure of silicon (so called silicene) and the silver substrate. In this paper, from a detailed re-analysis of experimental results, obtained by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and by Low Energy Electron Diffraction on the (2R3x2R3)R30 structure, we propose a new atomic model of the silicene layer based on periodic arrangements of perfect areas of (2R3x2R3)R30 surrounded by defect areas. A generalization of this model explains the main experimental observations: deviation of the average direction, Moire patterns and apparent global disorder. In the frame of the proposed model, the apparent disorders observed on the STM images, would be topological effects, i.e. the silicene would keep a quasi-perfect honeycomb structure.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, submitted in JPCM
Semiclassical origin of nuclear ground-state octupole deformations
Creators: name: Arita, Ken-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Ground-state octupole deformations are suggested in nuclei located in the north-east neighbor of the doubly magic nuclei on the nuclear chart (N,Z), such as those in Ba and Ra-Th regions. This systematics has been attributed to the parity mixing of the approximately degenerate Delta l=3 pair of single-particle levels near the Fermi surface. Purpose: Nuclear deformations are governed in most cases by the gross shell structures of the single-particle spectra. I will consider the systematics in octupole deformation from the view point of the gross shell structure, and investigate the mechanism of its manifestation using the semiclassical periodic-orbit theory (POT), which describes the quantum shell effect by means of the periodic orbits (POs) in the corresponding classical system. Methods: To focus on the role of deformation, simplified infinite-well (cavity) and radial power-law potential models are employed taking account of quadrupole and octupole shape degrees of freedom. Nuclear ground-state deformations are investigated over the nuclear chart, and the properties of the deformed shell structures are analyzed by means of the semiclassical POT. Results and conclusions: The systematics in nuclear ground-state octupole deformations are reproduced in simplified mean-field potential models either with or without parity mixing between Delta l=3 pair of levels. The strong octupole deformed shell effect at above the spherical shell closures are explained simply and clearly using the semiclassical POT. They are associated with the local restoration of dynamical symmetry, which enhance the contribution of classical POs to the gross shell effect.
description: 13 pages, 20 figures
SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Patients with Immunosuppression
Creators: name: Bedford, T.
name: Rolland, M.
name: Beyrer, C.
name: Corey, L.
name: Michael, N.L.
name: Cohen, M.S.
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 2021

description: Patients with immunosuppression are at risk for prolonged infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In several case reports, investigators have indicated that multimutational SARS-CoV-2 variants can arise during the course of such persistent cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). These highly mutated variants are indicative of a form of rapid, multistage evolutionary jumps (saltational evolution; see Glossary), which could preferentially occur in the milieu of partial immune control. The presence of a large number of mutations is also a hallmark of the variants of concern — including B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma), and B.1.617.2 (delta) — which suggests that viral evolution in immunocompromised patients may be an important factor in the emergence of such variants. Since a large number of persons globally are living with innate or acquired immunosuppression, the association between immunosuppression and the generation of highly transmissible or more pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants requires further delineation and mitigation strategies.
Parallel optimized sampling for stochastic equations
Creators: name: Opanchuk, Bogdan
name: Kiesewetter, Simon
name: Drummond, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C30

description: Stochastic equations play an important role in computational science, due to their ability to treat a wide variety of complex statistical problems. However, current algorithms are strongly limited by their sampling variance, which scales proportionate to 1/N_S for N_S samples. In this paper, we obtain a new class of variance reduction methods for treating stochastic equations, called parallel optimized sampling. The objective of parallel optimized sampling is to reduce the sampling variance in the observables of an ensemble of stochastic trajectories. This is achieved through calculating a finite set of observables - typically statistical moments - in parallel, and minimizing the errors compared to known values. The algorithm is both numerically efficient and unbiased. Importantly, it does not increase the errors in higher order moments, and generally reduces such errors as well. The same procedure is applied both to initial ensembles and to changes in a finite time-step. Results of these methods show that errors in initially optimized moments can be reduced to the machine precision level, typically around 10^(-16) in current hardware. For nonlinear stochastic equations, sampled moment errors during time-evolution are larger than this, due to error propagation effects. Even so, we provide evidence for error reductions of up to two orders of magnitude in a nonlinear equation example, for low order moments, which is a large practical benefit. The sampling variance typically scales as 1/N_S, but with the advantage of a very much smaller prefactor than for standard, non-optimized methods.
description: 32 pages
Brownian Carnot engine
Creators: name: Martínez, Ignacio A.
name: Roldán, Édgar
name: Dinis, Luis
name: Petrov, Dmitri
name: Parrondo, Juan M. R.
name: Rica, Raúl A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Carnot cycle imposes a fundamental upper limit to the efficiency of a macroscopic motor operating between two thermal baths. However, this bound needs to be reinterpreted at microscopic scales, where molecular bio-motors and some artificial micro-engines operate. As described by stochastic thermodynamics, energy transfers in microscopic systems are random and thermal fluctuations induce transient decreases of entropy, allowing for possible violations of the Carnot limit. Despite its potential relevance for the development of a thermodynamics of small systems, an experimental study of microscopic Carnot engines is still lacking. Here we report on an experimental realization of a Carnot engine with a single optically trapped Brownian particle as working substance. We present an exhaustive study of the energetics of the engine and analyze the fluctuations of the finite-time efficiency, showing that the Carnot bound can be surpassed for a small number of non-equilibrium cycles. As its macroscopic counterpart, the energetics of our Carnot device exhibits basic properties that one would expect to observe in any microscopic energy transducer operating with baths at different temperatures. Our results characterize the sources of irreversibility in the engine and the statistical properties of the efficiency -an insight that could inspire novel strategies in the design of efficient nano-motors.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men Receiving Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention: HPTN 083
Creators: name: Petropoulos, C.
name: Anderson, P.
name: Rinehart, A.
name: Coelho, L.
name: Landovitz, R.J.
name: Kofron, R.
name: Hanscom, B.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Donnell, D.
name: Hendrix, C.W.
name: Gaur, A.
name: Li, M.
name: McCauley, M.
name: Bushman, L.R.
name: Piwowar-Manning, E.
name: Middelkoop, K.
name: Marzinke, M.A.
name: Grinsztejn, B.
name: Weng, L.
name: Cummings, V.
name: Persaud, D.
name: Eshleman, S.H.
name: Rooney, J.F.
name: Phanuphak, N.
name: Haines, C.D.
name: Fogel, J.M.
name: St Clair, M.
name: Pryluka, D.
name: Ahmed, S.
name: Adeyeye, A.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: Background: The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 083 trial demonstrated that long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) was more effective than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men. We characterized HIV infections that occurred in the blinded phase of HPTN 083. Methods: Retrospective testing included HIV testing, viral load testing, quantification of study drugs, and HIV drug resistance testing. Results: Fifty-eight infections were evaluated, including 51 incident infections (12 in CAB arm and 39 in TDF/FTC arm). In many cases (5 in CAB arm and 37 in TDF/FTC arm), infection was associated with low or unquantifiable study drug concentrations. In 4 cases, infection occurred with on-time CAB-LA injections and expected plasma CAB concentrations. CAB exposure was associated with prolonged viral suppression and delayed antibody expression. In some cases, delayed HIV diagnosis resulted in CAB provision to participants with undetected infection, delayed antiretroviral therapy, and emergence of drug resistance; most of these infections would have been detected earlier with viral load testing. Conclusions: Early detection of HIV infection and prompt antiretroviral therapy initiation could improve clinical outcomes in persons who become infected despite CAB-LA prophylaxis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the correlates of HIV protection in persons receiving CAB-LA.
Noncommutative Geometry and Deformation Quantization in the Quantum Hall Fluids with Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Palumbo, Giandomenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that noncommutative geometry naturally emerges in the quantum Hall states due to the presence of strong and constant magnetic fields. Here, we discuss the underlying noncommutative geometry of quantum Hall fluids in which the magnetic fields are spatially inhomogenoeus. We analyze these cases by employing symplectic geometry and Fedosov's deformation quantization, which rely on symplectic connections and Fedosov star-product. Through this formalism, we unveil some new features concerning the static limit of the Haldane's unimodular metric and the Girvin-MacDonald-Platzman algebra of the density operators, which plays a central role in the fractional quantum Hall effect.
description: 6 pages
Monoclonal Antibodies to Disrupt Progression of Early Covid-19 Infection
Creators: name: Cohen, M.S.
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 2021

description: By the end of 2020, more than 19 million Americans had received the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although a substantial proportion of these infections remained asymptomatic, complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) had led to more than 330,000 deaths in the United States. During the past year, a remarkable effort has been devoted to the development of vaccines to prevent Covid-19 and to reduce morbidity and mortality among those who are infected. Equally important is the development of treatments that can prevent the progression of Covid-19 from the inception of infection.
The Theory of Generalised Hydrodynamics for the One-dimensional Bose Gas
Creators: name: Kerr, M. L.
name: Kheruntsyan, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reviews the recent developments in the theory of generalised hydrodynamics (GHD) with emphasis on the repulsive one-dimensional Bose gas. We discuss the implications of GHD on the mechanisms of thermalisation in integrable quantum many-body systems as well as its ability to describe far-from-equilibrium behaviour of integrable and near integrable systems in a variety of quantum quench scenarios. We outline the experimental tests of GHD in cold-atom gases and its benchmarks with other microscopic theoretical approaches. Finally, we offer some perspectives on the future direction of the development of GHD.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Near Real-Time Identification of Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmissions, Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations, and Transmission Networks by Multiplexed Primer ID–Next-Generation Sequencing in North Carolina
Creators: name: Zimmerman, S.
name: Cressman, A.
name: Cohen, M.
name: Clark, M.
name: Jones, C.
name: Sizemore, S.
name: Nelson, J.A.E.
name: Skelly, T.
name: Moeser, M.
name: Mobley, V.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Frost, S.
name: Kelkar, H.
name: Dennis, A.M.
name: Eron, J.
name: Veluvolu, U.
name: Zhou, S.
name: Samoff, E.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: Background: The identification of recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 infections among people with new HIV diagnoses is important to both tailoring and assessing the impact of HIV-1 prevention strategies. Methods: We developed a multiplexed Primer ID-next-generation sequencing approach to identify recent infections by measuring the intrahost viral diversity over multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome, in addition to detecting drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and phylogenetically linked clusters. We summarize the field implementation of this all-in-one platform among persons with newly diagnosed HIV-1 by the North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health in 2018. Results: Overall, recent infection was identified in 94 (35%) of 268 patients with new HIV diagnoses. People <30 years old, and people who inject drugs were more likely to have diagnoses of recent infection. The reverse-transcriptase region K103N was the most commonly detected DRM (prevalence, approximately 15%). We found a total of 28 clusters, and persons with recent infection were more likely to be cluster members than were those with chronic infections (P =. 03). Conclusions: We demonstrate the rapid identification of recent infection and pretreatment DRMs coupled with cluster analysis that will allow prioritization of linkage to care, treatment, and prevention interventions to those at highest risk of onward transmission.