cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Taming Horizontal Instability in Merge Trees: On the Computation of a Comprehensive Deformation-based Edit Distance
Creators: name: Wetzels, Florian
name: Anders, Markus
name: Garth, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Comparative analysis of scalar fields in scientific visualization often involves distance functions on topological abstractions. This paper focuses on the merge tree abstraction (representing the nesting of sub- or superlevel sets) and proposes the application of the unconstrained deformation-based edit distance. Previous approaches on merge trees often suffer from instability: small perturbations in the data can lead to large distances of the abstractions. While some existing methods can handle so-called vertical instability, the unconstrained deformation-based edit distance addresses both vertical and horizontal instabilities, also called saddle swaps. We establish the computational complexity as NP-complete, and provide an integer linear program formulation for computation. Experimental results on the TOSCA shape matching ensemble provide evidence for the stability of the proposed distance. We thereby showcase the potential of handling saddle swaps for comparison of scalar fields through merge trees.
Investigating the globally dominant Salmonella Typhi haplotype H58 – an insight into the pathogenesis of typhoid fever
Creators: name: Johnson, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) results in the systemic disease, typhoid fever, which causes approximately 200,000 deaths per year. Unfortunately S. Typhi pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Recently a S. Typhi haplotype (H58) associated with MDR has clonally expanded to become the globally dominant haplotype, although the reasons for this success are unknown. A sequencing study identified 44 SNPs in H58 strains that are not present in an S. Typhi reference strain, including one which generates a premature stop codon in the SPI-1 effector SptP. This led to characterisation of this effector during S. Typhi infection. Changes in the chaperone binding domain of S. Typhi SptP were found to result in intracellular instability and prevented secretion, therefore deletion of sptP in S. Typhi did not result in phenotypic consequences with regards to host cytoskeletal recovery or invasion, suggesting that SptP is non-functional within S. Typhi. Additional SNPs in H58 are present within genes associated with bile responses. To understand the effect of these mutations, RNA-Seq was performed on S. Typhi Ty2, an H58 clinical isolate (129-0239), and S. Typhimurium 14028 grown in 3% ox-bile. Overall 249 genes, 389 genes and 453 genes respectively were differentially expressed in bile. A key finding is that S. Typhi significantly upregulates expression of SPI-1 T3SS-associated genes, and is subsequently more invasive in bile, whilst in S. Typhimurium significant repression is observed. Investigation of the regulatory mechanisms governing this difference indicate that the key SPI-1 regulator HilD is post-transcriptionally regulated by bile, with its stability markedly increasing. Additionally, RNase E is involved in transcriptionally regulating SPI-1 expression in bile, but downstream of hilD; this regulation requires further characterisation. Overall this study has described broad differences between S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium, which may underlie differences in pathogenesis.
Diophantine triples and construction of high-rank elliptic curves
Creators: name: Dujella, Andrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using the theory of Diophantine m-tuples, i.e. sets with the property that the product of its any two distinct elements increased by 1 is a perfect square, we construct an elliptic curve over Q(t) of rank at least 4 with three non-trivial torsion points. By specialization, we obtain an example of elliptic curve over Q with torsion group Z/2Z * Z/2Z whose rank is equal 7.
Drag force and superfluidity in the supersolid stripe phase of a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Martone, Giovanni I.
name: Shlyapnikov, Georgy V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase diagram of a spin-orbit-coupled two-component Bose gas includes a supersolid stripe phase, which is featuring density modulations along the direction of the spin-orbit coupling. This phase has been recently found experimentally [J.~Li \textit{et al.}, Nature (London) \textbf{543}, 91 (2017)]. In the present work we characterize the superfluid behavior of the stripe phase by calculating the drag force acting on a moving impurity. Because of the gapless band structure of the excitation spectrum, the Landau critical velocity vanishes if the motion is not strictly parallel to the stripes, and energy dissipation takes place at any speed. Moreover, due to the spin-orbit coupling, the drag force can develop a component perpendicular to the velocity of the impurity. Finally, by estimating the time over which the energy dissipation occurs, we find that for slow impurities the effects of friction are negligible on a time scale up to several seconds, which is comparable with the duration of a typical experiment.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, published in the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (JETP) special issue in honor of L.P. Pitaevskii's 85th birthday
Motacilla hispanica Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla
Motacilla hispanica

description: Motacilla hispanica [spec. nov.]
M. ferruginea, area oculorum alis caudaque fuscis, rectricibus extimis latere albis.
Oenanthe fulva. Edw. av. 31. t. 31.
Habitat in Hispania.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 186, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Card-Based Cryptography Meets Formal Verification
Creators: name: Koch, Alexander
name: Schrempp, Michael
name: Kirsten, Michael
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2019
Subjects: Secure multiparty computation
Card-based cryptography
Formal verification
Bounded model checking
Standard decks

description: Card-based cryptography provides simple and practicable protocols for performing secure multi-party computation (MPC) with just a deck of cards. For the sake of simplicity, this is often done using cards with only two symbols, e.g., ♣ and ♡. Within this paper, we target the setting where all cards carry distinct symbols, catering for use-cases with commonly available standard decks and a weaker indistinguishability assumption. As of yet, the literature provides for only three protocols and no proofs for non-trivial lower bounds on the number of cards. As such complex proofs (handling very large combinatorial state spaces) tend to be involved and error-prone, we propose using formal verification for finding protocols and proving lower bounds. In this paper, we employ the technique of software bounded model checking (SBMC), which reduces the problem to a bounded state space, which is automatically searched exhaustively using a SAT solver as a backend. Our contribution is twofold: (a) We identify two protocols for converting between different bit encodings with overlapping bases, and then show them to be card-minimal. This completes the picture of tight lower bounds on the number of cards with respect to runtime behavior and shuffle properties of conversion protocols. For computing AND, we show that there is no protocol with finite runtime using four cards with distinguishable symbols and fixed output encoding, and give a four-card protocol with an expected finite runtime using only random cuts. (b) We provide a general translation of proofs for lower bounds to a bounded model checking framework for automatically finding card- and length-minimal protocols and to give additional confidence in lower bounds. We apply this to validate our method and, as an example, confirm our new AND protocol to have a shortest run for protocols using this number of cards.
title: ADCO, Ordre cistercien : comptes (1403-1423) (11 H 1161), f. 00002
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: comptes
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP

description: Ordre cistercien : comptes (1403-1423), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1161). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Ordre cistercien : comptes (1403-1423), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1161), f. 00002, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
Dynamics of quantum spin-nematics: Comparisons with canted antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Momoi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The identification of spin-nematic states is challenging due to the absence of Bragg peaks. However, the study of dynamical physical quantities provides a promising avenue for characterizing these states. In this study, we investigate the dynamical properties of spin-nematic states in three-dimensional quantum spin systems in a magnetic field, using a two-component boson theory that incorporates magnons and bi-magnons. Our particular focus lies on the dynamical spin structure factor at zero temperature and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation rate at finite temperatures. Our findings reveal that the dynamical structure factor does not exhibit any diverging singularity across momentum and frequency while providing valuable information about the form factor of bi-magnon states and the underlying structure of spin-nematic order. Furthermore, we find a temperature dependence in the NMR relaxation rate proportional to $T^3$ at low temperatures, similar to canted antiferromagnets. A clear distinction arises as there is no critical divergence of the NMR relaxation rate at the spin-nematic transition temperature. Our theoretical framework provides a comprehensive understanding of the excitation spectrum and the dynamical properties of spin-nematic states, covering arbitrary spin values $S$ and encompassing site and bond nematic orders. Additionally, we apply the same methodology to analyze these dynamical quantities in a canted antiferromagnetic state and compare the results with those in the spin-nematic states.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
PLCK G165.7+67.0: Analysis of a Massive Lensing Cluster in a Hubble Space Telescope Census of Submillimeter Giant Arcs Selected Using Planck/Herschel
Creators: name: Frye, Brenda L.
name: Pascale, Massimo
name: Qin, Yujing
name: Zitrin, Adi
name: Diego, Jose
name: Walth, Greg
name: Yan, Haojing
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Alpaslan, Mehmet
name: Bauer, Adam
name: Busoni, Lorenzo
name: Coe, Dan
name: Cohen, Seth H.
name: Dole, Herve
name: Donahue, Megan
name: Georgiev, Iskren
name: Jansen, Rolf A.
name: Limousin, Marceau
name: Livermore, Rachael
name: Norman, Dara
name: Rabien, Sebastian
name: Windhorst, Rogier A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Hubble Space Telescope WFC3-IR imaging in the fields of six apparently bright dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at $z$ = 2-4 identified by their rest-frame far-infrared colors using the Planck and Herschel space facilities. We detect near-infrared counterparts for all six submillimeter sources, allowing us to undertake strong-lensing analyses. One field in particular stands out for its prominent giant arcs, PLCK G165.7+67.0 (G165). After combining the color and morphological information, we identify 11 sets of image multiplicities in this one field. We construct a strong-lensing model constrained by this lensing evidence, which uncovers a bimodal spatial mass distribution, and from which we measure a mass of $(2.6 \pm 0.11)$ $\times$ $10^{14}$ $M_{\odot}$ within $\sim$250 kpc. The bright ($S_{350}$ $\approx$ 750 mJy) DSFG appears as two images: a giant arc with a spatial extent of 4.5" that is merging with the critical curve, and a lower-magnification counterimage that is detected in our new longer-wavelength ground- and space-based imaging data. Using our ground-based spectroscopy, we calculate a dynamical mass of $1.3^{+0.04}_{-0.70} \times 10^{15}$ $M_{\odot}$ to the same fixed radius, although this value may be inflated relative to the true value if the velocity distribution is enhanced in the line-of-sight direction. We suggest that the bimodal mass taken in combination with the weak X-ray flux and low SZ decrement may be explained as a pre-merger for which the intracluster gas is diluted along the line of sight, while the integrated surface mass density is supercritical to strong-lensing effects.
description: ApJ, Volume 871, Number 1, 21 pages including 14 figures and 4 tables
Large torsion subgroups of split Jacobians of curves of genus two or three
Creators: name: Howe, Everett W.
name: Leprevost, Franck
name: Poonen, Bjorn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct examples of families of curves of genus 2 or 3 over Q whose Jacobians split completely and have various large rational torsion subgroups. For example, the rational points on a certain elliptic surface over P^1 of positive rank parameterize a family of genus-2 curves over Q whose Jacobians each have 128 rational torsion points. Also, we find the genus-3 curve 15625(X^4 + Y^4 + Z^4) - 96914(X^2 Y^2 + X^2 Z^2 + Y^2 Z^2) = 0, whose Jacobian has 864 rational torsion points. This paper has appeared in Forum Math. 12 (2000) 315-364.
Asylum accommodation governance in Italy: Key findings and recommendations
Creators: name: Loprieno, Donatella
name: Elia, Anna
name: Di Maio, Claudio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: migration, governance, refugees, asylum seekers, migrants, integration

description: In Italy, asylum seekers and refugees are initially housed in ‘extraordinary reception centres’ (CAS) and then moved into the SPRAR network, a form of integrated reception, made up of projects that collaborate with the third sector, private sector and local authorities, and which includes labour market initiatives. Launched its launch in 2002, the ‘SPRAR model’ - currently in the midst of substantial reform - relies on a network of local authorities that have access to the National Fund for Asylum Policies and Services (FNPSA). This policy briefing relies on rigorous and qualitative research with stakeholders in Calabria to study approaches to housing governance of asylum seekers and refugees, to analyse their approach and impact in collaboration with decentralised1 . Our study of the refugee reception system in Italy details emerging systems of refugee co-responsibility between local and national agencies, at the local and urban level. This responds to the needs of recipients and leads to differing outcomes depending on the implementation strategies of the host projects. Much of the development comes from the work and skills of social workers who have also given much attention to the personal and professional peculiarities of refugees through the organisation of special support services.
Seniority and Hierarchy Configuration Interaction for Radicals and Excited States
Creators: name: Kossoski, Fábris
name: Loos, Pierre-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hierarchy configuration interaction (hCI) has been recently introduced as an alternative configuration interaction (CI) route combining excitation degree and seniority number, which showed to efficiently recover both dynamic and static correlations for closed-shell molecular systems [\href{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00730}{\textit{J.~Phys.~Chem.~Lett.}~\textbf{2022}, \textit{13}, 4342}]. Here, we generalize hCI for an arbitrary reference determinant, allowing calculations for radicals and for excited states in a state-specific way. We gauge this route against excitation-based CI (eCI) and seniority-based CI (sCI) by evaluating how different ground-state properties of radicals converge to the full CI limit. We find that hCI outperforms or matches eCI, whereas sCI is far less accurate, in line with previous observations for closed-shell molecules. Employing the second-order Epstein-Nesbet (EN2) perturbation theory as a correction significantly accelerates the convergence of hCI and eCI. We further explore various hCI and sCI models to calculate excitation energies of closed- and open-shell systems. Our results underline that both the choice of the reference determinant and the set of orbitals drive the fine balance between correlation of ground and excited states. State-specific hCI2 and higher order models perform similarly to their eCI counterparts, whereas lower orders of hCI deliver poor results, unless supplemented by the EN2 correction, which substantially improves their accuracy. In turn, sCI1 produces decent excitation energies for radicals, encouraging the development of related seniority-based coupled-cluster methods.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Cosmic Growth in $f(T)$ Teleparallel Gravity
Creators: name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Caruana, Maria
name: Farrugia, Gabriel
name: Said, Jackson Levi
name: Sultana, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical evolution of cosmological models can be tested by using expansion data, while growth history of these models is capable of testing dynamics of the inhomogeneous parts of energy density. The growth factor, as well as its growth index, gives a clear indication of the performance of cosmological models in the regime of structure formation of early Universe. In this work, we explore the growth index in several leading $f(T)$ cosmological models, based on a specific class of teleparallel gravity theories. These have become prominent in the literature and lead to other formulations of teleparallel gravity. Here we adopt a generalized approach by obtaining the Mészáros equation without immediately imposing the subhorizon limit, because this assumption could lead to over-simplification. This approach gives avenue to study at which $k$ modes the subhorizon limit starts to apply. We obtain numerical results for the growth factor and growth index for a variety of data set combinations for each $f(T)$ model.
title: ADCO, Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491) (11 H 1179), f. 00578
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: comptes

description: Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1179). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1179), f. 00578, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Additional file 2: of A qualitative study to explore the attitudes of women and obstetricians towards caesarean delivery in rural Bangladesh
Creators: name: Begum, Tahmina
name: Ellis, Cathryn
name: Sarker, Malabika
name: Jean-Francois Rostoker
name: Aminur Rahman
name: Anwar, Iqbal
name: Reichenbach, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Consent form. Consent form in English. The consent form details out the interview procedure, risk and benefit of participating in the study. (PDF 306 kb)
All macroscopic quantum states are fragile and hard to prepare
Creators: name: López-Incera, Andrea
name: Sekatski, Pavel
name: Dür, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of local decoherence on arbitrary quantum states. Adapting techniques developed in quantum metrology, we show that the action of generic local noise processes -- though arbitrarily small -- always yields a state whose Quantum Fisher Information (QFI) with respect to local observables is linear in system size N, independent of the initial state. This implies that all macroscopic quantum states, which are characterized by a QFI that is quadratic in N, are fragile under decoherence, and cannot be maintained if the system is not perfectly isolated. We also provide analytical bounds on the effective system size, and show that the effective system size scales as the inverse of the noise parameter p for small p for all the noise channels considered, making it increasingly difficult to generate macroscopic or even mesoscopic quantum states. In turn, we also show that the preparation of a macroscopic quantum state, with respect to a conserved quantity, requires a device whose QFI is already at least as large as the one of the desired state. Given that the preparation device itself is classical and not a perfectly isolated macroscopic quantum state, the preparation device needs to be quadratically bigger than the macroscopic target state.
Estimating general motion and intensity from event cameras
Creators: name: Bardow, Patrick Alexander
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Robotic vision algorithms have become widely used in many consumer products which enabled technologies such as autonomous vehicles, drones, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) devices to name a few. These applications require vision algorithms to work in real-world environments with extreme lighting variations and fast moving objects. However, robotic vision applications rely often on standard video cameras which face severe limitations in fast-moving scenes or by bright light sources which diminish the image quality with artefacts like motion blur or over-saturation. To address these limitations, the body of work presented here investigates the use of alternative sensor devices which mimic the superior perception properties of human vision. Such silicon retinas were proposed by neuromorphic engineering, and we focus here on one such biologically inspired sensor called the event camera which offers a new camera paradigm for real-time robotic vision. The camera provides a high measurement rate, low latency, high dynamic range, and low data rate. The signal of the camera is composed of a stream of asynchronous events at microsecond resolution. Each event indicates when individual pixels registers a logarithmic intensity changes of a pre-set threshold size. Using this novel signal has proven to be very challenging in most computer vision problems since common vision methods require synchronous absolute intensity information. In this thesis, we present for the first time a method to reconstruct an image and es- timation motion from an event stream without additional sensing or prior knowledge of the scene. This method is based on coupled estimations of both motion and intensity which enables our event-based analysis, which was previously only possible with severe limitations. We also present the first machine learning algorithm for event-based unsu- pervised intensity reconstruction which does not depend on an explicit motion estimation and reveals finer image details. This learning approach does not rely on event-to-image examples, but learns from standard camera image examples which are not coupled to the event data. In experiments we show that the learned reconstruction improves upon our handcrafted approach. Finally, we combine our learned approach with motion estima- tion methods and show the improved intensity reconstruction also significantly improves the motion estimation results. We hope our work in this thesis bridges the gap between the event signal and images and that it opens event cameras to practical solutions to overcome the current limitations of frame-based cameras in robotic vision.
Motacilla rubetra Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla
Motacilla rubetra

description: Motacilla rubetra [spec. nov.]
M. nigricans, superciliis albis, macula alarum alba, gula pectoreque flavescente. Fn. svec. 218. & 230. t. 1. f. 3, 4.
Muscicapa s. Oenanthe tertia. Aldr. orn. 735. Raj. av. 76. n. 4. Will. orn. 169. t. 41. f. 5.
Curruca major altera. Frisch. av.. t. 22. f. 2.
Rubetra. Alb. av. 1. p. 50. t. 52.
Ficedula s. Atricapilla alia. Jonst. av.. t. 45. f. ult.
Ficedula 3. aldrovandi. Edw. av. 30. t. 30.
Habitat in Europa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 186, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Representation learning using generative models
Creators: name: Creswell, Antonia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Representation learning involves learning models that process images in a way that makes them easier to use in down stream tasks, such as image classification, retrieval or robotics. Generative models learn representations by synthesising (consistent) novel image samples. I propose four models for learning representations both from unlabelled and partially labelled data using generative models. I being by proposing Sketch-GAN (Generative Adversarial Network, GAN), a model that learns representations for a small dataset of hand drawn marks (similar to sketches). The representations are used for retrieving marks that are visually similar to a query mark. Qualitative retrieval results demonstrate that the learned representation is suitable for retrieval. Following on from this, I propose a denoising adversarial autoencoder, DAAE and an integrating DAAE, iDAAE. These models incorporate two state-of-the-art regularisation techniques, that had previously only been investigated in isolation. I demonstrate that these models learn representations that encode attributes of the data with a near-linear structure. This allows us to use linear models on top of representations to perform down stream tasks, for example classification. The final model that I propose, unlike the previous three, utilises small amounts of labelled data and learns to separately encode the identity and attribute of an object, in this case a face. This model (a) achieves classification scores that are competitive with a state-of-the-art classification model and (b) may be used for facial attribute editing. The ability to edit attributes is evidence for the identity and attributes being encoded independently. Generative models may be evaluated on a specific task, for example attribute editing, retrieval or classification. I am also interested in evaluating generative models in a task agnostic way. Towards this, I propose an evaluation method that is task agnostic.
Additional file 1: of The caseinolytic protease complex component CLPC1 in Arabidopsis maintains proteome and RNA homeostasis in chloroplasts
Creators: name: Shoudong Zhang
name: Huoming Zhang
name: Yiji Xia
name: Liming Xiong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S1. Proteases accumulation in seedlings of different genotypes. Table S2. Primers used in the study. Table S3. Peptides identified of CLPC1 in SVR7-GFP CO-IP experiment. Figure S1. Relative expression levels of sense transcripts in the clpc1 mutant and its complementation lines. Figure S2. Over-expressing CLPC2 in clpc1 mutant partially or fully restored the chloroplast RNA level. Figure S3. Schematic diagram to show the plant materials we used. Supplementary dataset 1. Spectral examples of 4 proteins from our iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis. (PDF 2601 kb)
Computation of a universal deformation ring
Creators: name: Mezard, Ariane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We compute the universal deformation ring of an odd Galois two dimensional representation of Gal$(M/Q)$ with an upper triangular image, where $M$ is the maximal abelian pro-$p$-extension of $F_{\infty}$ unramified outside a finite set of places S, $F_{\infty}$ being a free pro-$p$-extension of a subextension $F$ of the field $K$ fixed by the kernel of the representation. We establish a link between the latter universal deformation ring and the universal deformation ring of the representation of Gal$(K_S/Q)$, where $K_S$ is the maximal pro-$p$-extension of $K$ unramified outside $S$. We then give some examples. This paper was accepted for publication in the Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge philosophical society (May 99).
Controlling mass and energy diffusion with metamaterials
Creators: name: Yang, Fubao
name: Zhang, Zeren
name: Xu, Liujun
name: Liu, Zhoufei
name: Jin, Peng
name: Zhuang, Pengfei
name: Lei, Min
name: Liu, Jinrong
name: Jiang, Jian-Hua
name: Ouyang, Xiaoping
name: Marchesoni, Fabio
name: Huang, Jiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion driven by temperature or concentration gradients is a fundamental mechanism of energy and mass transport, which inherently differs from wave propagation in both physical foundations and application prospects. Compared with conventional schemes, metamaterials provide an unprecedented potential for governing diffusion processes, based on emerging theories like the transformation and the scattering cancellation theory, which enormously expanded the original concepts and suggest innovative metamaterial-based devices. We hereby use the term "diffusionics" to generalize these remarkable achievements in various energy (e.g., heat) and mass (e.g., particles and plasmas) diffusion systems. For clarity, we categorize the numerous studies appeared during the last decade by diffusion field (i.e., heat, particles, and plasmas) and discuss them from three different perspectives: the theoretical perspective, to detail how the transformation principle is applied to each diffusion field; the application perspective, to introduce various intriguing metamaterial-based devices, such as cloaks and radiative coolers; and the physics perspective, to connect with concepts of recent concern, such as non-Hermitian topology, nonreciprocal transport, and spatiotemporal modulation. We also discuss the possibility of controlling diffusion processes beyond metamaterials. Finally, we point out several future directions for diffusion metamaterial research, including the integration with artificial intelligence and topology concepts.
description: This review article has been published in Reviews of Modern Physics, volume 96, 015002 (2024)
Critical-like gelation dynamics in cellulose nanocrystal suspensions
Creators: name: Morlet-Decarnin, Lise
name: Divoux, Thibaut
name: Manneville, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use time-resolved mechanical spectroscopy to offer a detailed picture of the gelation dynamics of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions following shear cessation in the presence of salt. CNCs are charged, rodlike colloids that self-assemble into various phases, including physical gels serving as soft precursors for biosourced composites. Here, a series of linear viscoelastic spectra acquired across the sol-gel transition of CNC suspensions are rescaled onto two master curves, that correspond to a viscoelastic liquid state prior to gelation and to a soft solid state after gelation. These two states are separated by a critical gel point, where all rescaling parameters diverge in an asymmetric fashion, yet with exponents that obey hyperscaling relations consistent with previous works on isotropic colloids and polymer gels. Upon varying the salt content, we further show that these critical-like dynamics result in both time-connectivity and time-concentration superposition principles.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, supplementary information (2 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables)
Near-wall and interfacial studies of gas-liquid horizontal stratified flows
Creators: name: Fazel, Mohammed
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: In multiphase systems, the pressure drop and liquid holdup are two governing parameters which heavily influence the design of downstream facilities and selection of pipeline sizes. In stratified pipe flow, the determination of both these parameters requires an accurate prediction of the wall and interfacial shear stresses. In this report, a detailed literature review is presented in the research area of near-wall and interfacial studies of gas-liquid stratified pipe flows. Gaps in literature concerning the circumferential distribution of the wall and interfacial shear stresses are uncovered, and the novelty element of future work is delineated in the context of laser-based diagnostic techniques. Descriptions are provided on the recommissioning of the TOWER flow facility, which now has the provision to perform gas-liquid flow experiments, from what was originally a liquid-liquid only facility. A cooling system has also been incorporated to enable low-temperature two-phase flow experiments An adiabatic gas-liquid phase flow experiment was carried out using air and water as the test fluids, in an 8.5m long, 50 mm internal diameter ETFE pipe. The water flow rate and air flow rate used ranged from 5-65 L/min and 63- 375 L/min, respectively. Three Differential Pressure transmitter (DP1, DP2, and DP3) were used to evaluate pressure gradient, and a highspeed camera was used to observe the flow structure.
The Schwinger and Chiral Schwinger Models in a Non-perturbative Spectral Regularization
Creators: name: Eleotério, L. F.
name: Oliveira, G. A.
name: Dias, E. W.
name: Caldas, H.
name: Mota, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the employment of a non-perturbative regularization scheme -- the spectral regularization, which is based on the gauge technique, previously implemented in the context of chiral quark models -- in the study of the gauge symmetry preservation within the Schwinger model and violation in the chiral Schwinger model. We show that the spectral regularization provides mathematical consistent and ambiguity free solutions for the two-point functions of both Schwinger and chiral Schwinger models in exact (1+1) dimensions, correctly displaying the gauge invariance in the Schwinger model and the axial anomaly in the chiral Schwinger model. The employment of the spectral regularization avoids any dependence on ambiguous amplitudes and/or unconventional $γ^5$ algebra. Our results reinforce the strength of the spectral regularization as a mathematical consistent, divergence free, and ambiguity free regularization scheme that correctly implements symmetry conservation or violation in each case.
description: 20 pages, no figures
Practical deep learning
Creators: name: Dong, Hao
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Deep learning is experiencing a revolution with tremendous progress because of the availability of large datasets and computing resources. The development of deeper and larger neural network models has made significant progress recently in boosting the accuracy of many applications, such as image classification, image captioning, object detection, and language translation. However, despite the opportunities they offer, existing deep learning approaches are impractical for many applications due to the following challenges. Many applications exist with only limited amounts of annotated training data, or the collected labelled training data is too expensive. Such scenarios impose significant drawbacks for deep learning methods, which are not designed for limited data and suffer from performance decay. Especially for generative tasks, because the data for many generative tasks is difficult to obtain from the real world and the results they generate are difficult to control. As deep learning algorithms become more complicated increasing the workload for researchers to train neural network models and manage the life-cycle deep learning workflows, including the model, dataset, and training pipeline, the demand for efficient deep learning development is rising. Practical deep learning should achieve adequate performance from the limited training data as well as be based on efficient deep learning development processes. In this thesis, we propose several novel methods to improve the practicability of deep generative models and development processes, leading to four contributions. First, we improve the visual quality of synthesising images conditioned on text descriptions without requiring more manual labelled data, which provides controllable generated results using object attribute information from text descriptions. Second, we achieve unsupervised image-to-image translation that synthesises images conditioned on input images without requiring paired images to supervise the training, which provides controllable generated results using semantic visual information from input images. Third, we deliver semantic image synthesis that synthesises images conditioned on both image and text descriptions without requiring ground truth images to supervise the training, which provides controllable generated results using both semantic visual and object attribute information. Fourth, we develop a research-oriented deep learning library called TensorLayer to reduce the workload of researchers for defining models, implementing new layers, and managing the deep learning workflow comprised of the dataset, model, and training pipeline. In 2017, this library has won the best open source software award issued by ACM Multimedia (MM).
Motacilla atricapilla Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla
Motacilla atricapilla

description: Motacilla atricapilla [spec. nov.]
M. testacea, subtus cinerea, pileo obscuro. Fn. svec. 229.
Atricapilla s. Ficedula. Aldr. orn. l. 17. c. 36. Will. orn. 162. t. 41. Raj. av. 78. n. 8. Frisch. av. t. 24. f. 1. Olin. av. 9.
Habitat in Europa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 187, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Learning-based NLOS Detection and Uncertainty Prediction of GNSS Observations with Transformer-Enhanced LSTM Network
Creators: name: Zhang, Haoming
name: Wang, Zhanxin
name: Vallery, Heike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) play a vital role in transport systems for accurate and consistent vehicle localization. However, GNSS observations can be distorted due to multipath effects and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions in challenging environments such as urban canyons. In such cases, traditional methods to classify and exclude faulty GNSS observations may fail, leading to unreliable state estimation and unsafe system operations. This work proposes a deep-learning-based method to detect NLOS receptions and predict GNSS pseudorange errors by analyzing GNSS observations as a spatio-temporal modeling problem. Compared to previous works, we construct a transformer-like attention mechanism to enhance the long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, improving model performance and generalization. For the training and evaluation of the proposed network, we used labeled datasets from the cities of Hong Kong and Aachen. We also introduce a dataset generation process to label the GNSS observations using lidar maps. In experimental studies, we compare the proposed network with a deep-learning-based model and classical machine-learning models. Furthermore, we conduct ablation studies of our network components and integrate the NLOS detection with data out-of-distribution in a state estimator. As a result, our network presents improved precision and recall ratios compared to other models. Additionally, we show that the proposed method avoids trajectory divergence in real-world vehicle localization by classifying and excluding NLOS observations.
description: Accepted for the IEEE ITSC2023
Developing new methods to identify airborne proteins responsible for causing allergic asthma
Creators: name: Brian, Mary
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Allergic diseases such as asthma and hayfever are the most common chronic disease in European children and adults and occur in response to substances present in the environment, referred to as allergens. Allergens are present in indoor, outdoor and occupational environments. In most cases, the allergen responsible for allergic symptoms will be identified using diagnostic assessments such as skin prick testing; however, there are examples of individuals experiencing allergic symptoms where the allergen responsible has not yet been identified. This is particularly common in the occupational environment. In this PhD I aimed to explore methods used to identify proteins highly likely to be allergens and responsible for causing allergic asthma. I conducted a systematic review on asthma outbreaks to describe which laboratory methods have been used to identify airborne allergens. I then developed and optimised my own laboratory methods to identify airborne proteins that could be responsible for causing allergic asthma. I found that air sampling, skin prick testing and detection of serum specific-IgE binding were the most frequent methods used to identify allergens associated with outbreaks of asthma. Using known allergens from mouse urine, I developed and optimised a method to identify unknown allergens. The method consists of an enhanced chemiluminescence western blot and in-gel excision of serum specific-IgE binding regions, for protein identification by nano liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Application of this method identified potentially novel allergenic proteins existing within different occupational settings. In animal testing facilities located in London and Salzburg, allergenic proteins were identified from mouse urine, mouse epithelium and the common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). In supermarket scratch bakeries based in the UK allergenic proteins were identified from ‘improver’ enzymes. I also developed methods for detecting outdoor airborne protein from Teflon and polycarbonate filters used for air sampling. The registration of allergens on online databases relies on researcher-based identifications and the increase in allergen component-resolved diagnosis means this field is likely to develop rapidly in the coming years. Further work is needed to confirm the allergenicity of the proteins identified in this thesis, that may be responsible for causing allergic asthma.
Mirror symmetry for abelian varieties
Creators: name: Golyshev, Vasily
name: Lunts, Valery
name: Orlov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We work out the notion of mirror symmetry for abelian varieties and study its properties. Our construction are based on the correspondence between two $Q$--algebraic groups. One is the Hodge (or special Mumford--Tate) group. The second group $\bar{Spin(A)}$ is defined as follows: the group of autoequivalences of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves acts on the total cohomology $H(A,Q)$ of an abelian variety $A$ via algebraic correspondences. The group $\bar{Spin(A)}$ is now the Zariski closure of its image in $GL(H(A,Q))$. Our constructions are compatible with the picture of mirror symmetry sketched by Kontsevich, Morrison, and others.
description: LaTeX, 40 pages, no figures