cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Innovation in Innovative Clusters?: China’s Quest for Technological Progress between Politics and Markets
Creators: name: Conlé, Marcus
name: Taube, Markus
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 600

description: Seen in perspective, the very specific framework conditions determining firm strategies and (local) government behaviour in China have resulted in the establishment of an innovative system of clusters. In order to turn China’s biotech clusters into vibrant centers of innovation with a strong ‘creative buzz’, however, substantial changes in China’s politico-economic system and institutional set-up are required.
description: In ihren Bemühungen um die Überführung der chinesischen Volkswirtschaft auf einen innovationsgetriebenen Wachstums- und Entwicklungspfad setzt die chinesische Regierung unter anderem auf Innovations- Cluster. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht derartige Cluster im Bereich der Biotechnologie und kann dabei erhebliche Unterschiede in der Entstehung, Entwicklung und Funktionsweise der chinesischen Biotechnologie- Cluster im Vergleich zu den Vorbildern in San Diego, München und andernorts identifizieren. Die chinesischen Biotechnologie-Cluster sind in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl an Standorten angesiedelt, die nur über eine schwach ausgeprägte Forschungslandschaft (Universtäten, öffentliche Forschungseinrichtungen) verfügen. Gleichzeitig weisen sie nur ein geringes Maß an interner Vernetzung, Informations- und Wissensaustausch und letztlich Innovationskraft auf. Die Ursachen hierfür liegen unter anderem in dem dominierenden integrierten Geschäftsmodell chinesischer Biotech-Unternehmen, das diese in eine wettbewerbliche Konstellation zueinander bringt, in der ein freier Wissensaustausch nicht gewünscht ist. Neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse werden stattdessen bei Bedarf zumeist über punktuelle Geschäftsbeziehungen von Universitäten oder öffentliche Forschungseinrichtungen erworben. Eine interregionale Vernetzung der zahlreichen in China regional weit gestreuten Biotechnologie- Cluster hingegen wird durch das Bestreben von Firmen gefördert, durch die regional diversifizierte Gründung von Tochterfirmen Risikokapital einzuwerben, das von Lokalregierungen in ‚ihren‘ Clustern lokal bereitgestellt wird. Insgesamt gesehen erscheint das chinesische Geflecht von Biotechnologie-Cluster somit zwar als in sich innovativ, aber letztlich doch wenig geeignet, substantielle Innovationserfolge zu generieren.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 40Social Sciences: Comparative, International, Transnational, p. 38
Oil Shock, Saving, Investment and Trade Balance: The Role of Short Run Rigidity Versus Long Run Flexibility. An Inter-temporal Approach
Creators: name: Chiesa, Gabriella
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1984
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: he analysis of external shocks of real nature, such as the oil shock, requires an intertemporal framework to properly investigate through saving and investment decision the outcome of the balance of trade. By now there are quite few works replying on such an approach, M. Obstfeld (1980), J. Sachs (1981, 1983), M. Bruno (1982), N. Marion (1984), N. Marion -L. Svensson (1984), yet they are far from explaining the large deficits of oil importing countries and the joint combination of trade deficits and fall in investment as the outcome of oil shocks. Even more surprisingly they disprove the intuition, which can be traced back to the income-expenditure model of a strict correlation between the magnitude of trade deficits and real income losses. M. Obstfeld's conclusion is that trade deficit, as consequence of the fall in saving, can occur only when there is a significant degree of substitution in the economy, when income losses tend to be at minimum. For J. Sachs (1981, 1983) real income losses per se do not lead to trade deficit, they matter for the balance of trade performance only in so far the oil shock is of temporary nature. The fall in investment due to permanent oil stock will tend to give rise to trade balance surpluses and the poor performance of the oil importers trade balance can be explained only by replying on the reduction in the world interest rate (J. Sachs 1981).
Instability in centrifugally stable shear flows
Creators: name: Deguchi, Kengo
name: Dong, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the linear instability of flows that are stable according to Rayleigh's criterion for rotating fluids. Using Taylor-Couette flow as a primary test case, we develop large Reynolds number matched asymptotic expansion theories. Our theoretical results not only aid in detecting instabilities previously reported by Deguchi (2017) across a wide parameter range but also clarify the physical mechanisms behind this counterintuitive phenomenon. Instability arises from the interaction between large-scale inviscid vortices and the viscous flow structure near the wall, which is analogous to Tollmien-Schlichting waves. Furthermore, our asymptotic theories and numerical computations reveal that similar instability mechanisms occur in boundary layer flows over convex walls.
description: 26 pages 11 figures
Introduzione all'edizione italiana di Michal Kalecki, Essays in the Theory of Economic Fluctuations
Creators: name: Denicolò, Vincenzo
name: Matteuzzi, Massimo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1984
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Questa sezione è dedicata ad una esposizione della struttura di fondo degli Essays, che, come già detto, è largamente comune anche alle opere successive di Kalecki. Poiché di tratta degli aspetti più noti e meno controversi del pensiero kaleckiano, l'esposizione sarà il più possibile sintetica.
La teoria dei contratti impliciti, la rigidita' salariale e l disoccupazione involontaria: una sintesi dei risultati
Creators: name: Salituro, Bruno
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1984
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Nella teoria "classica" del mercato del lavoro, la ipotizzata perfetta flessibilità del salario reale, rende impossibile una prolungata disoccupazione involontaria; né sono compatibili con questa analisi fluttuazioni cicliche dell'occupazione e la osservata correlazione inversa, nel corso del ciclo, di inflazione e disoccupazione.
title: Reforms of Public Administration: International Comparative Research in the Administrative Sciences
Creators: name: Grunow, Dieter
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 320

description: The contribution gives some examples of research on public administration in the context of the Institute of Political Science and the RISP with an international perspective. The more complex and process-related the cases are, the smaller the number of comparative cases that can be studied.
description: Der Beitrag beschreibt die empirische Verwaltungsforschung im internationalen Kontext – wie sie in den letzten Jahren im Institut für Politikwissenschaft und im RISP e.V. durchgeführt wurde. Mit Blick auf verschiedene methodische Strategien – von der Einzelfallanalyse bis zum Vergleich vieler Fälle – wird gezeigt, wie sich bestimmte Forschungsfragen bearbeiten lassen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Implementationsforschung, das heißt die Untersuchung der Umsetzung von politischen Programmen (policies) unter unterschiedlichen makrostrukturellen Rahmenbedingungen der öffentlichen Verwaltung. Diese ist zugleich oft auch Gegenstand von Reformstrategien, die zunehmend eine globale Verbreitung finden. In den letzten 15 Jahren wurde die Praxis und damit auch die Reformforschung vor allem auf das New Public Management (NPM) fokussiert. Die beschriebenen Studien sind teilweise Doktorarbeiten, teilweise handelt es sich um Drittmittelforschung. Wenn die Studien auch je spezifische Fragen verfolgen, so ergibt das Ensemble der Forschungsarbeiten einen systematischen Einblick in die Arbeitsweise und Performanz der öffentlichen Verwaltung in verschiedenen Ländern – was nicht zuletzt auch die Möglichkeiten internationaler Zusammenarbeit mitbestimmt.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 40Social Sciences: Comparative, International, Transnational, p. 120
Quando i lavoratori risparmiano: sovraccumulazione del capitale ed eutanasia dei capitalisti
Creators: name: Balducci, Renato
name: Denicolò, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1984
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Il presupposto di questo lavoro è che le leggi di movimento del capitalismo possono essere considerate come il risultato di un conflitto permanente tra le due classi sociali antagoniste - lavoratori e capitalisti; un conflitto che riguarda in primo luogo la distribuzione del reddito ma anche la ripartizione delle risorse disponibili tra consumo e accumulazione.
Plywood manufacturing and the pursuit of improvement : does lean manufacturing fit in?
Creators: name: Kofoed, Mike
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Due to a personal interest in softwood plywood manufacturing and an appreciation of the general manufacturing trend towards continuous improvement, a discussion of the two topics together seemed natural. Among existing improvement philosophies, the concepts of lean manufacturing have received much attention and some secondary producers within the wood products industry have applied the concepts successfully. Primary producers, on the other hand, are often suspicious of the suitability of lean ideas to their industry. Therefore, the question of whether aspects of lean manufacturing can fit in with plywood manufacturing improvement strategies is an interesting one. To explore the concept, this paper provides some background on lean manufacturing and discusses the limitations of applying it to a primary wood products industry. In light of these limitations, some plywood manufacturers claim to have implemented certain lean techniques and a review of these accounts is given. The lean concepts of focusing on value-creating activities and identifying manufacturing waste are then used to construct a value framework for the four main stages of plywood manufacture: the green end, the dryers, the layup and press, and the finishing end. Certain types of waste are then discussed at each stage and discussion from personal experience is given on either how plywood plants currently approach the identified waste or on how they could approach it, given the structure and confines of the industry. This exploration leads to the general conclusion that areas for improvement in plywood manufacturing can be recognized by searching for certain wastes defined by lean manufacturing. In this way, waste identification can answer the question of where improvement can be pursued. However, it is difficult for plywood operations to aspire to full leanness, and so the operations are typically bound to making improvements in the identified areas by focusing on cost savings or on other techniques that are not necessarily lean techniques.
Market Integration and Intra-Industry Trade: A Survey of the Recent Literature and Some Further Suggestions
Creators: name: Rossini, Gianpaolo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1984
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: the purpose of this pages is to review the recent literature on Indra-industry trade and to add some further insights into the likely causes of a phenomenon that has attacted the attention of many economists during the past twenty years; indeed intra-industry trade has been viewed as the most striking fact of intra-EEC trade that has accompained the establishment of the EEC, even though intra-industry trade was apparently present befor that event to a different extent and can also be observed in trade statistics of nations belonging to non-intefrated areas.
title: Environmental Policies and Political Steering in China: A View from the Local Level
Creators: name: Heberer, Thomas
name: Senz, Anja-Désirée
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 320

description: Evaluation processes in China show that the counties not only have room to manoeuver in terms of policy priorities but also that these processes offer incentives for policy implementation, particularly for implementing environmental policies. The incentive and communication system which has been described here with regard to the environmental field is a relevant steering factor in the specific design of Chinese decentralisation; otherwise all benefits of decentralisation would have bogged down.
description: Dieser Beitrag beschreibt, in welcher Weise China mit Hilfe von Evaluierungsverfahren Anreize schafft, um die Umsetzung von Umweltpolitik auf der lokalen Ebene sicherzustellen. Auf der einen Seite haben Dezentralisierungsprozesse der lokalen Ebene größere Entscheidungsund Handlungsspielräume eröffnet, auf der anderen Seite haben diese Prozesse zu spürbaren institutionellen Veränderungen im Hinblick Anreiz- und Kontrollinstrumente sowie hinsichtlich der Kommunikation zwischen verschiedenen Verwaltungsebenen geführt. Das Ergebnis ist einerseits eine zunehmende Anpassung umweltpolitischer Maßnahmen an lokale Bedingungen; andererseits die Förderung von innovativen Politikexperimenten („Modelle“), um neue Formen der Umsetzung von Umweltpolitik zu erproben.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 40Social Sciences: Comparative, International, Transnational, p. 48
New solutions for the symmetrical n-body problem through variational approach and optimisation techniques
Creators: name: Ciccarelli, Roberto
name: Introna, Margaux
name: Terracini, Susanna
name: Vasile, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70F10, 70-08, 37C81, 65K10, 65L10

description: Advances in the variational approach to the $n$-body problem have led to significant progress in celestial mechanics, uncovering new types of possible orbits. In this paper, critical points of the Lagrangian action associated with the $n$-body problem are analysed using evolutionary algorithms to identify periodic and symmetrical solutions of the discretised system. A key objective is to locate minimum points of the action functional, as these correspond to feasible periodic solutions that satisfy the system's differential equations. By employing both stochastic and deterministic algorithms, we explore the solution space and obtain numerical representations of these orbits.
 Next, we examine the stability of these orbits by treating them as critical points. One approach is to compute their discrete Morse index to distinguish between minimum points and saddle points. Another is to classify them based on their action levels. Finally, analysing the boundaries of their attraction basins allows us to identify non-minimal critical points via the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz Mountain Pass Theorem. This leads to an updated version of the algorithm that provides a constructive proof of the theorem, yielding new orbits in specific cases.
 This paper builds upon and extends the results presented in \cite{nostro}, providing a more detailed theoretical framework and deeper insights into the formulation. Additionally, we present new numerical results and an extended analysis of the critical points found, further enhancing the findings of the previous study.
title: Crossing Borders: Urban-Rural Integration and Labour Migration
Creators: name: Christiansen, Flemming
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 320
subject: 300

description: The Chinese nation-state facilitates the globalisation process and uses its dynamics to further its own (national) interests. The point is not that globalisation is “wrenching China open”, but that Chinese people and authorities alike make claims on global processes and institutions, thus helping to frame them.
description: Die großschalige Arbeitsmigration innerhalb Chinas und aus dem Land hinaus stellt nicht nur ein abstraktes Narrativ von politischökonomischen Prozessen der sich wandelnden Planwirtschaft dar, sondern fordert dazu heraus, die Vielfalt der sozialen Vorgänge, der lokalen politischen Entscheidungsmuster und der individuellen Praxis zu erforschen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass das chinesische politische System mehr auf Planung als auf soziale Gerechtigkeit setzt und zielbewusst Ungleichheiten zum Einsatz bringt, um Entwicklungsziele zu erreichen. Die Überschreitung der „Grenze“ zwischen Stadt und Land dient sowohl dem Lebensunterhalt der Familien der Migrantinnen und Migranten auf dem Land (und somit der nachhaltigen Versorgung von Agrarprodukten) als auch (wegen der ausbeuterischen Ungleichheiten am Arbeitsmarkt) dem städtischen Wachstum. Diese Einsicht muss der Erforschung der politischen Soziologie Chinas zugrunde liegen. Diese innerchinesische Situation ist allerdings auch der der chinesischen Arbeitsmigranten im Ausland ähnlich, die ein marginalisiertes Prekariat formen. Der chinesische Staat nutzt die globalen Strukturen durch strategische Lenkung nicht nur, um ausländische Investitionen von steigendem technologischen Mehrwert heranzuziehen, sondern auch, um chinesische Arbeitsmigranten im Ausland für Chinas Wirtschaftswachstum einzusetzen. In diesem Sinne ist die politische Soziologie Chinas das Studium einer sozialen Lebenswelt, die durch politischen Eingriff in die nationale und globale politische Ökonomie gekennzeichnet ist.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 40Social Sciences: Comparative, International, Transnational, p. 60
La combinazione di previsioni alternative
Creators: name: Gambetta, Guido
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1983
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Nelle applicazioni economiche è frequente il caso in cui si dispone, per una stessa variabile, di più previsioni alternative dei suoi valori futuri. Tali previsioni sono in  generale ottenute con metodi diversi, quali l'uso di modelli econometrici, di modelli esplorativi più o meno complessi, di giudizi di esperti.
title: Restructuring and Occupational Mobility: Support for Job Transitions in European Comparison
Creators: name: Knuth, Matthias
name: Kirsch, Johannes
name: Mühge, Gernot
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 320

description: The job transition schemes in none of the four countries reviewed can be seen merely as another ‘instrument’ of active labour market policy, such as continued vocational training, direct job creation or job brokering. Whatever the technical content of job transition support may be, the framing of the schemes is primarily derived from industrial relations and concerns a negotiated exit from a company’s workforce.
description: Die Umstrukturierung von Arbeitsprozessen, Betrieben und Unternehmen ist heute zu einem permanenten Prozess geworden, der häufig mit Arbeitsplatzabbau verbunden ist. In mehreren europäischen Ländern finden wir eine Tradition von Begleitmaßnahmen, die an der kollektivenSituation des Arbeitsplatzverlustes ansetzen und in ihrem Anspruch über das Standardangebot der Arbeitslosenversicherung und der Arbeitsmarktpolitik hinausgehen. Derartige Modelle des „Beschäftigtentransfers“ setzen an der betrieblichen Verhandlungssituation über Personalabbau an und zielen darauf, die soziale Verantwortung des bisherigen Arbeitgebers statt in bloße finanzielle Kompensation in Unterstützungsmaßnahmen zu lenken, die auf die Erreichung möglichst gleichwertiger beruflicher Perspektiven in anderen Betrieben gerichtet sind. Aufgrund dieser Ausgangskonstellation sind nationale Modelle des Beschäftigtentransfers in die jeweiligen Traditionen der industriellen Beziehungen und des Arbeitsrechts eingebettet; auch wenn Leistungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung oder der aktiven Arbeitsförderung für den Beschäftigtentransfer in Anspruch genommen werden, lässt sich dieser nicht im beschränkten Kontext arbeitsmarktpolitischer Instrumentenreformen wirksam umgestalten. Nationale Modelle des Beschäftigtentransfers haben ihre Ursprünge in den industriellen Restrukturierungsprozessen der 1970er bis 1990er Jahre. Sie geraten heute unter Druck einerseits durch die Schwächung der industriellen Beziehungen und andererseits durch Reformen der Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die unter anderem mit deren tendenzieller Herauslösung aus dem korporatistischen Konsens verbunden sind. Die Marginalisierung des Beschäftigtentransfers durch den Paradigmenwechsel zur „aktivierenden“ Arbeitsmarktpolitik ist paradox, da beide das gleiche Ziel verfolgen. Daher werden in dem Beitrag die Erfahrungen in Schweden, Belgien und Österreich unter der Perspektive untersucht, welche Ansatzpunkte sie für die deutsche Reformdiskussion bieten könnten.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 40Social Sciences: Comparative, International, Transnational, p. 108
Stabilization Policies in an Explosive Economy: Announcements and Expectations
Creators: name: Basevi, Giorgio
name: Giavazzi, Francesco
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1983
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: The article studies policy options in an economy which is unstable under bond-financing of a predetermined government deficit. We analyze policies based on pre-announced changes in monetary control or on confi-scation of that part of the Government debt which could only be retired through a prolonged period of high inflation. The dynamics of the economy is characterized by the interplay between policy announcements and private agents' behaviour in reply to them.
The Effects of Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports System (PBIS) on the Behavior of Middle School Female Students
Creators: name: Dircks, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: PBIS
subject: positive
subject: behavior
subject: intervention
subject: middle school
subject: female
subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate).

description: This study was designed to determine the impact of the Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS) system on middle school female behavior. The researcher developed a quasi-experimental study and simulated a modified pre-test post-test study to observe student behavior with and without the influence of PBIS throughout two school years at a Baltimore City charter middle school. Results were measured by a grade-wide merit and demerit system where students were awarded merits for exhibiting positive behaviors, and demerits for exhibiting negative behaviors. The data concluded that there was no a statistically significant difference in the percentage of merit awards in favor of the PBIS group over the non-PBIS students. The major difference was derived from the students who earned all merits and no demerits during the treatment school year; thus proving the impact of the PBIS program on student behavior.
title: Turmoil in the Euro Zone: No Lifeline without Major Risks
Creators: name: Axt, Heinz-Jürgen
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 300

description: This article focuses on two aspects: first, as political surveillance of fiscal stability by the Stability and Growth Pact proved to be insufficient in the past to say the least, the question is whether this mechanism has been improved. Second, as Greece and other states depend on new packages of financial assistance various options are under discussion.
description: Die Turbulenzen in der Eurozone weiten sich aus. Dabei stellt sich die massive Verschuldung Griechenlands als das Hauptproblem dar. Zwar sind auch andere Staaten übermäßig verschuldet, aber erst wenn das griechische Problem gelöst ist, wird das Vertrauen der Finanzmärkte zurückkehren. Der vorliegende Artikel geht auf zwei Fragen ein: Erstens, ist der Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspakt mittlerweile in einer Weise geschärft worden, dass wirksam eine übermäßige Verschuldung unterbunden werden kann? Zweitens, da Griechenland und andere Staaten aller Voraussicht nach ein weiteres Rettungspaket benötigen, stellt sich die Frage welche Variante die am wenigsten riskante darstellt. Es zeigt sich, dass alle Optionen erhebliche Risiken mit sich bringen. Es bleibt die Lehre: Wer sich übermäßig verschuldet, die Regeln der Europäischen Währungsunion missachtet und den Haftungsausschluss gemäß Maastricht-Vertrag ignoriert, der liefert sich den internationalen Finanzmärkten aus und ermutigt die Spekulation. Wenn Staaten zu groß sind, um sie mit ihren Schuldenproblemen allein zu lassen, und wenn eine Implosion der Euro zone droht, dann werden halbwegs solide wirtschaftende Euro-Staaten erpressbar und gibt es frisches Geld auch dann, wenn Reformen in den Schuldenstaaten unzulänglich sind.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 40Social Sciences: Comparative, International, Transnational, p. 70
Impact of COVID-19 on recovery and symptoms in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Patients: A questionnaire.
Creators: name: Jin, Lihua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420204
subject: Epidemiological methods

description: A survey form has been developed to assess the recovery status of patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) following COVID-19 infection, while also investigating the vaccination status of HSP patients in the specified region. This form may also be applicable for use in other disease after COVID-19 in pediatric populations.
title: Transnationalism of Wage Systems?: Transnational Labour Markets and National Employment in the EU
Creators: name: Bosch, Gerhard
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 320

description: While individual migration from Central and Eastern Europe has had a manageable impact on economic aggregates only, postings have the potential to transform institutions. The right to provide services within the EU and the primacy accorded to product markets in the decisions of the European court of Justice have placed national wage systems in particular under pressure to adjust.
description: Während im Arbeitsrecht das Territorialprinzip galt, dominierte im Wettbewerbsrecht das Ursprungslandprinzip, das die EU seit Anfang der 70er Jahre schrittweise ausweitete. Mit der Entsendung von Arbeitskräften entstehen durch die Geltung des Ursprungslandsprinzips jedoch „Inseln fremden Arbeitsrechts“28. Die Nationalstaaten können versuchen, mithilfe der Entsenderichtlinie diese Inseln wieder „einzugemeinden“. Allerdings wird ihr Handlungsspielraum durch Entscheidungen des Europäischen Gerichtshofs (EuGH) begrenzt (Fälle: Laval, Rüffert, Viking). In diesem Beitrag werden die Auswirkungen grenzüberschreitender Entsendungen auf unterschiedliche Lohnsysteme in Europa (DE, DK, FR, NL, UK) dargestellt. Die legalistischen Vorgaben des EuGH im Arbeitsrecht sind vor allem mit den Traditionen freiwilliger Tarifsysteme (DE, DK) unvereinbar, so dass deren pfadabhängige Weiterentwicklung erschwert wird. Es wird unterschieden zwischen inklusiven und exklusiven Lohnsystemen. Das deutsche Lohnsystem hat mittlerweile seinen inklusiven Charakter verloren. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob jenseits supranationaler oder nationaler Regelungen Akteure unterhalb der Regierungsebene, sozusagen in grenzüberschreitender Eigeninitiative, diese Aufgabe übernehmen können. Für funktionierende transnationale Beziehungen im Bereich der industriellen Beziehungen finden sich jedoch nur wenige überzeugende Beispiele. Die Hauptgründe sind zum einen in den starken Interessenunterschieden zwischen den Akteuren der verschiedenen EU-Länder und zum anderen einer starken Zersplitterung der Tarifpartner in vielen EU-Ländern zu sehen, die schon eine nationale und umso eine transnationale Interessenvertretung erschweren. Die „negative Integration“29 der EU birgt große Gefahren über kumulative Effekte eine Erosion inklusiver Lohnsysteme in Europa einzuleiten.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 40Social Sciences: Comparative, International, Transnational, p. 98
Modeling of thin plate flexural vibrations by Partition of Unity Finite Element Method
Creators: name: Zhou, Tong
name: Chazot, Jean-Daniel
name: Perrey-Debain, Emmanuel
name: Cheng, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a conforming thin plate bending element based on the Partition of Unity Finite Element Method (PUFEM), for the simulation of steady-state forced vibration. The issue of ensuring the continuity of displacement and slope between elements is addressed by the use of cubic Hermite-type Partition of Unity (PU) functions. With appropriate PU functions, the PUFEM allows the incorporation of the special enrichment functions into the finite elements to better cope with plate oscillations in a broad frequency band. The enrichment strategies consist of the sum of a power series up to a given order and a combination of progressive flexural wave solutions with polynomials. The applicability and the effectiveness of the PUFEM plate elements is first verified via the structural frequency response. Investigation is then carried out to analyze the role of polynomial enrichment orders and enriched plane wave distributions for achieving good computational performance in terms of accuracy and data reduction. Numerical results show that the PUFEM with high-order polynomials and hybrid wave-polynomial combinations can provide highly accurate prediction results by using reduced degrees of freedom and improved rate of convergence, as compared with the classical FEM.
The World on the Back of the Turtle: Diplomatic Relations of the Iroquois Confederacy, 1609 – 1701
Creators: name: Allen, Blake
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: A study in the diplomatic evolution of the Iroquois Confederacy’s interactions with neighbouring First Nations and European colonists during the tumultuous period which followed their defeat at Lake Champlain. This project follows their subsequent transformation from a prominent regional force to their sudden collapse as a polity of power, analyzed from an indigenous prospective. Maintaining this position of prominence meant being able to adapt to the ways in which the European presence changed their world, coupled with their ability to manage the difficulties these challenges posed to their cultural and social institutions. Relationships with the Dutch, French and English cast the illusion of strengthening the Confederacy, when in reality they weakened the fundamental structures of Iroquoia needed to maintain the polity – ultimately transforming the once feared Confederacy into a weakened nation forced to sue for peace in order to secure its survival.
title: The Rise and Fall of European Democracies: Recent Trends in the Support of Right-Wing Populism among the Citizens of Europe
Creators: name: Breustedt, Wiebke
name: Pickel, Susanne
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 320

description: Since the mid-1980s, right-wing populist parties have established themselves as a new type of party family in many Western European countries. After the breakdown of Communism, right-wing populist parties also successfully participated in the elections in several Central Eastern European countries. The question is, who elects right-wing populist parties, and why?
description: Rechte populistische Parteien haben sich mittlerweile in einer Reihe westund osteuropäischer Länder fest im Parteiensystem etabliert. Angesichts der nationalistischen und ausländerfeindlichen Gesinnung rechter populistischer Parteien gefährden sie die Demokratie auf nationaler Ebene sowie die Bildung einer gemeinsamen europäischen Identität der Bürger Europas. Um jedoch in der Lage zu sein, der Verbreitung rechter populistischer Ideen und der Wahl rechter populistischer Parteien Einhalt gebieten zu können, müssen die Ursachen geklärt werden. Die Frage ist demnach: Wer wählt rechte populistische Parteien und warum? Gegenwärtig gibt es nur wenige vergleichende Analysen der Ursachen der Wahl rechter populistischer Parteien in Europa. Ausgehend von bisherigen Analysen untersucht der Artikel den Effekt politischer Werte, sozialen und politischen Vertrauens, sozialer Integration und Euroskeptizismus in zehn europäischen Ländern auf der Grundlage des European Social Survey von 2002 bis 2008. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Wähler rechter populistischer Parteien keine Protestwähler sind, sondern dass ihre Wahl in der Mehrheit der Länder aus ideologischer Überzeugung resultiert. Dies stellt eine Herausforderung für das Prinzip der demokratischen Repräsentation und der Akzeptanz mehrheitlich getroffener Entscheidungen auf nationaler und EU-Ebene dar.
description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 40Social Sciences: Comparative, International, Transnational, p. 80
Quantum Classifiers with Trainable Kernel
Creators: name: Xu, Li
name: Zhang, Xiao-yu
name: Li, Ming
name: Shen, Shu-qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kernel function plays a crucial role in machine learning algorithms such as classifiers. In this paper, we aim to improve the classification performance and reduce the reading out burden of quantum classifiers. We devise a universally trainable quantum feature mapping layout to broaden the scope of feature states and avoid the inefficiently straight preparation of quantum superposition states. We also propose an improved quantum support vector machine that employs partially evenly weighted trial states. In addition, we analyze its error sources and superiority. As a promotion, we propose a quantum iterative multi-classifier framework for one-versus-one and one-versus-rest approaches. Finally, we conduct corresponding numerical demonstrations in the \textit{qiskit} package. The simulation result of trainable quantum feature mapping shows considerable clustering performance, and the subsequent classification performance is superior to the existing quantum classifiers in terms of accuracy and distinguishability.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Not With a Bang but a Whimper: Nixonian Foreign Policy and the Changing Canadian American Relationship
Creators: name: Schwarz, Robyn
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: An examination of Richard Nixon’s foreign policy and the way it contributed to changing the Canadian-American relationship from 1969-1974. Nixon’s administration redirected U.S. foreign policy, as outlined in the Nixon Doctrine, to address American interests under the influence of the Vietnam War. In doing so, the Nixon administration ignored issues linked to Canada such as trade and economics. Pierre Elliot Trudeau was also repositioning Canada’s international priorities during this period. The Nixon Economic Shock created a gap between the two countries. Canadians felt betrayed by the American decision to impose an import surcharge on their goods. Looking at documented meetings of the two leaders also reveals that both men did not cooperate well with one another. The Canadian-American relationship was permanently altered during this period because of a combination of these different factors.
Persistence of charmed hadrons in QGP from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Sharma, Sipaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nature of charm degrees of freedom near the chiral crossover based on lattice QCD calculations of the second and fourth-order cumulants of charm fluctuations, and their correlations with net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness fluctuations. We show that below the chiral crossover temperature, $T_{pc}$, the thermodynamics of charm can be very well understood in terms of charmed hadrons. We present evidence that above $T_{pc}$, however, charm quark-like excitations emerge as new degrees of freedom contributing to the partial charm pressure. Nonetheless, up to temperatures as high as 175 MeV, charmed hadron-like excitations significantly contribute to the partial charm pressure.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to Zimanyi School Winter Workshop 2023: High Energy Heavy Ion Physics; updated based on the Referee report
Spin-valve effect for spin-polarized surface states in topological semimetals
Creators: name: Avakyants, A. A.
name: Esin, V. D.
name: Kazmin, D. Yu.
name: Orlova, N. N.
name: Timonina, A. V.
name: Kolesnikov, N. N.
name: Deviatov, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally investigate magnetoresistance of a single GeTe-Ni junction between the $α$-GeTe topological semimetal and thick nickel film at room and liquid helium temperatures. For the magnetic field parallel to the junction plane, we demonstrate characteristic spin-valve hysteresis with mirrored differential resistance $dV/dI$ peaks even at room temperature. In contrast, for normal magnetic fields spin-valve effect appears only at low temperatures. From the magnetic field anisotropy, observation of the similar effect for another topological semimetal Cd$_3$As$_2$, and strictly flat $dV/dI(H)$ magnetoresistance curves for the reference GeTe-Au junction, we connect the observed spin-valve effect with the spin-dependent scattering between the spin textures in the topological surface states and the ferromagnetic nickel electrode. For the topological semimetal $α$-GeTe, room-temperature spin-valve effect allows efficient spin-to-charge conversion even at ambient conditions.
Supplementary document for Polarization and longitudinal modes of Möbius fiber ring lasers - 6139037.pdf
Creators: name: Li, Sha
name: zeng, xin
name: Zhou, Jiaqi
name: Cheng, Zhi
name: Feng, Yan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Durable Capital Inputs: Conditions for Price Ratios to be Invariant to Profit-Rate Changes. A Comment on Professor Samuelson
Creators: name: Baldone, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1983
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: In this note we intend to prove that the uniform capital intensity assumption is a general condition for relative prices to be invariant both in models with circulating capital only and in fixed capital models irrespective of machine-depreciation schedules.
Formulazione empirica di ipotesi teoriche e loro valutazione econometrica
Creators: name: Gambetta, Guido
name: Orsi, Renzo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1989
Subjects: SECS-P/05 Econometria

description: Nel commentare l'attribuzione del premio Nobel per l'economia a Trygve Haavelmo, quasi tutti i giornali italiani riportavano la frase "per aver dimostrato come le teorie economiche possano essere provate". Così nonostante le cautele e le smentite degli econometrici sulla capacità della disciplina di raggiungere questo ambizioso obiettivo, sembra che la valutazione empirica delle teorie economiche sia ancora il risultato che renda l'econometria degna di nota.
Large-scale composting options for YVR : cost analysis
Creators: name: Pisarek, Natalia
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Metro Vancouver has established a mandate to divert 70% of its waste stream from the landfill by 2015 (Richmond Soil & Fibre, 2012). Vancouver International Airport (YVR) has several options fordiverting a significant portion of itswaste stream to a composting process. The airport’s waste stream currently consists of approximately 1,600 tonnes of organic material annually at the two main terminals and its satellite locations (MJ Waste Solutions 2011). YVR also generates about 150,000 kilograms ofwood scraps annually which may be used as bulking material (Vancouver Airport Authority 2011b). This report will assume a maximum composting scenario of about 1,600 tonnes per year. Therefore therecommended technologies will reflect this capacity. The research question explored in this reportcan be divided into two main questions. First, what are appropriate composting technologies for the airport, and second what are the associated costs? Six on-site technologies were evaluated, as well as an off-site diversion option. The following composting systems were assessed: Turned windrows, Covered aerated static piles (C ASP), Ag-Bag, In-vessel rotating drum, Anaerobic Digestion, Vermicomposting *The science of vermicomposting will not be explored in this report; it is only necessary to know that vermicomposting refers to composting using live worm species. The research found that the most suitable options are Ag-Bag and in-vessel technologies. The latter is much more expensive but provides the greatest degree of control over the process, including odour and vector management.Turned windrows are one of the cheapest options but present potential odour and vector problem. Covered aerated static piles and vermicomposting are the poorest options because of the very high capital investment required. These complex options are difficult to justify at the scale proposed for YVR (about 1, 6000 tonnes annually).Anaerobic digestion is feasible for the airport but this is also an expensive and complex system. Off-site diversion is inexpensive and simple in the short-term, but is not a competitive option in light of ongoing operational costs. It is important to note that all the options require outdoor storage or curing. A comparative table of advantages and disadvantages is provided at the end of this report.
title: 4th European sCO2 Conference for Energy Systems: March 23-24, 2021, Online Conference
Creators: name: SCO2-Flex Project
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 62
subject: 620

description: The 4th European sCO2 Conference in 2021 focusses on supercritical carbon dioxide for energy systems. Conference Topics Heat Exchanger Turbomachines and Cycles sCO2 Applications and Energy Systems sCO2 Experiments and Loops Fluid and Material Aspects
description: Conference Proceedings of the European sCO2 Conference
title: Simulation and analysis of a self-propelling heat removal system using supercritical CO2 at different ambient temperatures
Creators: name: Hofer, Markus
name: Ren, Haikun
name: Hecker, Frieder
name: Buck, Michael
name: Brillert, Dieter
name: Starflinger, Jörg
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 620

description: Innovative heat removal systems are currently investigated for use in existing and future nuclear power plants. One of them is the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO21) heat removal system, which is based on a closed Brayton cycle with sCO2 as a working fluid. This paper provides the design and layout of the sCO2 cycle based on assumptions developed in the project sCO2-4-NPP. The system is analysed over a wide range of ambient and steam-side conditions in ATHLET, using performance maps for the turbomachinery, which were designed recently. Bypasses are considered in the layout of the cycle to cope with special operation conditions, e.g. start-up. Different operational readiness states for the system are shown, which enable a fast start-up of the system. Air mass flow rate control is implemented to keep the compressor inlet temperature constant with controller parameters depending on the ambient temperature. The performance analysis of the system suggests that it is a good option to operate the system at the design compressor inlet temperature of 55 °C at any ambient or steam-side boundary condition. With decreasing thermal power input, the rotational speed of the turbomachinery must be decreased to keep the system self-propelling. Turbomachinery design with a higher surge margin is preferred and different operation strategies are feasible and need to be tested in interaction with the nuclear power plant. 1sCO2 is defined as carbon dioxide at supercritical conditions with p > 73.8 bar and T > 31 °C
description: Conference Proceedings of the European sCO2 Conference4th European sCO2 Conference for Energy Systems: March 23-24, 2021, Online Conference, p. 14
title: The Chemical kinetic mechanism for combustion in supercritical carbon dioxide
Creators: name: Harman-Thomas, James
name: Pourkashanian, Mohamed
name: Hughes, Kevin
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 620

description: The Allam cycle is a thermodynamic cycle for the combustion of gaseous fuels under oxyfuel conditions with inherent carbon capture. As the CO2 is captured intrinsically, the efficiency penalty of capture on the overall plant is small, meaning that Allam cycle power plants achieve a similar efficiency to traditional fossil fuel power plants without carbon capture and storage. At high-pressures and a high-CO2 dilution, combustion mechanisms are poorly understood. Sensitivity and quantitative analysis of four established chemical kinetic mechanisms were used to determine important reactions and the best performing mechanisms at different conditions. CH3O2 chemistry was identified as a pivotal mechanism component for modelling methane combustion above 200 atm. The University of Sheffield (UoS) supercritical CO2 (sCO2) mechanism created in the present work better models the ignition delay time (IDT) of high-pressure combustion in a large dilution of CO2. Quantitative analysis showed that the UoS sCO2 mechanism was the best fit to the greatest number of IDT datasets and had the lowest average absolute error value, indicating the superior performance compared to four existing chemical kinetic mechanisms, well-validated for lower pressure conditions.
description: Conference Proceedings of the European sCO2 Conference4th European sCO2 Conference for Energy Systems: March 23-24, 2021, Online Conference, p. 28