cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: On the Road to Modern War
title: On the Road to Modern War
Creators: name: Showalter, Dennis
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kriegführung
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Warfare

description: The Great War was never considered the “war to end all wars” by the states and armed forces in conflict. The war’s legacies were processed in a wide variety of ways depending on forms of government, geostrategic situations, moral/material capacities, and public will. Their common denominator was recognition that successful future war-making depended on a synergy between an effective government and a strong citizenry.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Imaging diffuse clouds: Bright and dark gas mapped in CO
Creators: name: Liszt, H. S.
name: Pety, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We wish to relate the degree scale structure of galactic diffuse clouds to sub-arcsecond atomic and molecular absorption spectra obtained against extragalactic continuum background sources. To do this, we used the ARO 12m telescope to map J=1-0 CO emission at 1' resolution over 30' fields around the positions of 11 background sources occulted by 20 molecular absorption line components, of which 11 had CO emission counterparts. We compare maps of CO emission to sub-arcsec atomic and molecular absorption spectra and to the large-scale distribution of interstellar reddening. The main results are: 1) Typical covering factors of individual features at the 1 K.km/s level were 20%. 2) CO-H2 conversion factors as much as 4-5 times below the mean value N(H2)/Wco = 2e20 H2 cm^-2 /(K.km/s) are required to explain the luminosity of CO emission at/above the level of 1 K.km/s. Small conversion factors and sharp variability of the conversion factor on arcminute scales are due primarily to CO chemistry and need not represent unresolved variations in reddening or total column density. Hence, like FERMI and PLANCK we see some gas that is dark in CO and other gas in which CO is overluminous per H2. A standard CO-H2 conversion factor applies overall owing to balance between the luminosities per H2 and surface covering factors of bright and dark CO., but with wide variations.
description: 23 pages, 22 PostScript figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy \& Astrophysics. Uses aa LaTeX macros
Exploring the therapeutic potential of cinnamoyl derivatives in attenuating inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced Caco-2 cells
Creators: name: Reale, Marcella
name: Costantini, Erica
name: Aielli, Lisa
name: Di Rienzo, Annalisa
name: Di Biase, Giuseppe
name: Di Stefano, Antonio
name: Cacciatore, Ivana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Aim: In gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbates gut-barrier dysfunction and inflammation. Cinnamoyl derivatives show potential in mitigating LPS-induced inflammation. Materials & methods: We assessed intestinal epithelial barrier function using Trans-epithelial electrical resistance values and measured inflammatory mediators through real-time PCR and ELISA in Caco-2 cells. Results: LPS treatment increased IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2 and TRL4 expression in Caco-2 cells. Pre-treatment with DM1 (1 or 10 μM) effectively countered LPS-induced TLR4 overexpression and reduced IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 levels. Conclusion: DM1 holds promise in regulating inflammation and maintaining intestinal integrity by suppressing TLR4 and inflammatory mediators in Caco-2 cells. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic avenue for GI diseases. Cinnamoyl derivatives protect intestinal Caco-2 cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The treatment with cinnamoyl derivatives effectively mitigates LPS-induced overexpression of TLR4 and inflammatory mediators in Caco-2 cells. Inflammatory intestinal disorder symptoms might be alleviated by DM1 through the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and PGE2 expression and production in Caco-2 cells. A potential role in modulating immune responses by DM1, particularly significant in conditions associated with dysregulated inflammation and altered intestinal permeability.
Predictive adaptation of hybrid Monte Carlo with bandits
Creators: name: Wang, Ziyu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis introduces a novel way of adapting the Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm using Gaussian process bandits. HMC is a powerful Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, but it requires careful tuning of its hyper-parameters. We propose a Gaussian process bandit approach to carry out the adaptation of the hyper-parameters while the Markov chain progresses. We also introduce the use of cross-validation error measures for adaptation, which we believe are more pragmatic than many existing adaptation objectives. The new measures take the intended statistical use of the model, whose parameters are estimated by HMC, into consideration. We apply these two innovations to the adaptation of HMC for prediction and feature selection with multi-layer feed-forward neural networks. The experiments with synthetic and real data show that the proposed adaptive scheme is not only automatic, but also does better tuning than human experts.
Optimal number of pigments in photosynthetic complexes
Creators: name: Jesenko, Simon
name: Znidaric, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study excitation energy transfer in a simple model of photosynthetic complex. The model, described by Lindblad equation, consists of pigments interacting via dipole-dipole interaction. Overlapping of pigments induces an on-site energy disorder, providing a mechanism for blocking the excitation transfer. Based on the average efficiency as well as robustness of random configurations of pigments, we calculate the optimal number of pigments that should be enclosed in a pigment-protein complex of a given size. The results suggest that a large fraction of pigment configurations are efficient as well as robust if the number of pigments is properly chosen. We compare optimal results of the model to the structure of pigment-protein complexes as found in nature, finding good agreement.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures; v2.: new appendix, published version
title: Bauer, Otto
title: Bauer, Otto
Creators: name: Beneš, Jakub
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Bauer, Otto
subject: Bauer, Otto, 1881-1938

description: Otto Bauer was a leading Austro-Marxist and socialist politician who served during the war as an officer in the Austro-Hungarian army. After returning from Russian internment to Vienna in 1917, he joined the Leftist opposition within the Social Democratic Party and predicted the breakup of the Habsburg Monarchy.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Improved Name-Recognition with Meta-data Dependent Name Networks
Creators: name: Maskey, Sameer R.
name: Bacchiani, Michiel
name: Roark, Brian
name: Sproat, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: A transcription system that requires accurate general name transcription is faced with the problem of covering the large number of names it may encounter. Without any prior knowledge, this requires a large increase in the size and complexity of the system due to the expansion of the lexicon. Furthermore, this increase will adversely affect the system performance due to the increased confusability. Here we propose a method that uses meta-data, available at runtime to ensure better name coverage without significantly increasing the system complexity. We tested this approach on a voicemail transcription task and assumed meta-data to be available in the form of a caller ID string (as it would show up on a caller ID enabled phone) and the name of the mailbox owner. Networks representing possible spoken realization of those names are generated at runtime and included in network of the decoder. The decoder network is built at training time using a class-dependent language model, with caller and mailbox name instances modeled as class tokens. The class tokens are replaced at test time with the name networks built from the meta-data. The proposed algorithm showed a reduction in the error rate of name tokens of 22.1%.
title: Pacifism
title: Pacifism
Creators: name: Patterson, David S.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Pazifismus
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Pacifism

description: The idea of peace in [[Controversy-Total War|total war]] may seem irrelevant, but pacifism, or peace activism, did exist during the First World War. A seemingly robust European peace movement existed before 1914, but it contained internal divisions and mostly collapsed early in the war. Except for some historic peace sects, conscientious objection to military service was not officially accepted among the belligerents. Britain had the largest number of objectors, and new anti-conscription groups supported the “absolutists” among them. Left-leaning women entered the peace movement in much greater numbers with new women’s and mixed gendered organizations promoting neutral mediation of the war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Photon Blockade in the Ultrastrong Coupling Regime
Creators: name: Ridolfo, Alessandro
name: Leib, Martin
name: Savasta, Salvatore
name: Hartmann, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore photon coincidence counting statistics in the ultrastrong-coupling regime where the atom-cavity coupling rate becomes comparable to the cavity resonance frequency. In this regime usual normal order correlation functions fail to describe the output photon statistics. By expressing the electric-field operator in the cavity-emitter dressed basis we are able to propose correlation functions that are valid for arbitrary degrees of light-matter interaction. Our results show that the standard photon blockade scenario is significantly modified for ultrastrong coupling. We observe parametric processes even for two-level emitters and temporal oscillations of intensity correlation functions at a frequency given by the ultrastrong photon emitter coupling. These effects can be traced back to the presence of two-photon cascade decays induced by counter-rotating interaction terms.
description: minor revisions, supplementary information added, accepted for publication in PRL
Additional file 6 of Inheritance of the reduced mitochondria of Giardia intestinalis is coupled to the flagellar maturation cycle
Creators: name: Tůmová, Pavla
name: Voleman, Luboš
name: Klingl, Andreas
name: Nohýnková, Eva
name: Wanner, Gerhard
name: Doležal, Pavel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Fig. S3. Connecting microtubular fiber and funis. Longitudinal reconstruction from individual FIB/SEM sections of Giardia interphase cell showing funis - the axial cytoplasmic microtubular cytoskeleton (white arrowheads). It accompanies the pair of caudal flagella both from ventral (A) and dorsal (B) sides. Individual microtubules radiate laterally from the central funis, and also a particular microtubular accumulation called median body (asterix) is coupled to funis microtubules. It is likely that the two funis dorsal and ventral fibers come in close contact by the end of telophase to stabilize the newly established caudal flagella pair after the flagellar transformation during mitosis. TEM transverse sections from different positions in the cell (C, D) show chains of 3-4 microtubules between two caudal flagella (red arrowhead). It is likely that these microtubules establish the mitosomal connector in the proximal part of the cell.
Prime Climb : an analysis of attention to student-adaptive hints in an educational game
Creators: name: Muir, Mary Anne Midori
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Prime Climb is an educational game that provides individual support for learning number factorization skills in the form of hints based on a model of student learning. Previous studies with Prime Climb indicated that students may not always be paying attention to the hints, even when they are justified (i.e. based on a student model’s assessment). In this thesis we will discuss the test-bed game, Prime Climb, and our re-implementation of the game which allowed us to modify the game dynamically and will allow for more rapid prototyping in the future. To assist students as they play the game, Prime Climb includes a pedagogical agent which provides individualized support by providing user-adaptive hints. We then move into our work with the eye-tracker to better understand if and how students process the agent’s personalized hints. We will conclude with a user study in which we use eye-tracking data to capture user attention patterns as impacted by factors related to existing user knowledge, hint types, and attitude towards getting help in general. We plan to leverage these results in the future to make hint delivery more effective.
title: Cort van der Linden, Pieter Wilhelm Adriaan
title: Cort van der Linden, Pieter Wilhelm Adriaan
Creators: name: Moeyes, Paul
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cort van der Linden, Pieter W. A.
subject: Cort van der Linden, P. W. A. (Pieter Wilhelm Adriaan), 1846-1935

description: P.W.A. Cort van der Linden was the Dutch prime minister from 1913 to 1918. His cabinet managed to preserve Dutch neutrality throughout the war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Lifshitz scalar fields: one loop renormalization in curved backgrounds
Creators: name: Nacir, Diana L. López
name: Mazzitelli, Francisco D.
name: Trombetta, Leonardo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an interacting Lifshitz field with z=3 in a curved spacetime. We analyze the renormalizability of the theory for interactions of the form lambda phi^n, with arbitrary even n. We compute the running of the coupling constants both in the ultraviolet and infrared regimes. We show that the Lorentz violating terms generate couplings to the spacetime metric that are not invariant under general coordinate transformations. These couplings are not suppressed by the scale of Lorentz violation and therefore survive at low energies. We point out that in these theories, unless the effective mass of the field is many orders of magnitude below the scale of Lorentz violation, the coupling to the four dimensional Ricci scalar xi (4)R phi^2 does not receive large quantum corrections xi >> 1.
description: 17 pages. Minor changes. Published version
Inducing Constraint-based Grammars using a Domain Ontology
Creators: name: Muresan, Smaranda
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: This thesis presents a framework for domain specific text- to-knowledge acquisition, with focus on medical domain. The main challenge of this domain is the abundance of linguistic phenomena that require both syntactic and semantic information in order to “understand” the meaning of the text, and thus to acquire knowledge. Examples include prepositional phrases, coordinations, noun-noun compounds and nominalizations, phenomena which are not well covered by existing syntactic or semantic parsers.
title: Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia
title: Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia
Creators: name: Dudko, Oksana
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Galizien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)

description: The Polish-Ukrainian conflict over Eastern Galicia in 1918-19 refers to an armed conflict between Poland and the West Ukrainian National Republic (''Zakhidnoukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika,'' ZUNR). It took place largely on the territory of Eastern Galicia between 1 November 1918 and 17 July 1919.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Fear Management and Education: Status of a Failing Relationship
Creators: name: Fisher, R. Michael
Publisher: name: In Search of Fearlessness Research Institute
Year: 2020
Subjects: fear
terror
fearlessness
Ernest Becker
terror management theory
education
Fear Problem

description: text as original form
description: Basically, for Ernest Becker, fear management is inevitable for all organisms; and cultural organisms have a really complicated fear management systems structuration. Cultures, like individuals, like educational systems of cultural reproduction, can do fear management well or really do it poorly—it all depends, on many things. Doing it unwell has severe consequences for life on this planet. The author has dedicated his educational career for 30+ years to this cause of finding the ‘best’ fear management/education (FME) possible. Terror Management Theory (TMT) is a great gift in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current status of fear in educational discourses, in particular, the educators who advocate for TMT. He shows a ‘gap’ in the introduction of Beckerian educational philosophy/theory from the mid-60s-70s through to the current status of fear/terror management in the field of Education. He provides a complementary Fear Management Theory (FMT) in Appendix 1. The author finds several problems with the current applications and makes generic and theoretical recommendations to improve understanding and applying TMT in educational settings. He addresses there will be differences in applying TMT by educators because of how they choose to frame the insidious global Fear Problem.
Consistent and transferrable coarse-grained model for semidilute polymer solutions in good solvent
Creators: name: D'Adamo, Giuseppe
name: Pelissetto, Andrea
name: Pierleoni, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a coarse-grained model for linear polymers with a tunable number of effective atoms (blobs) per chain interacting by intra- and inter-molecular potentials obtained at zero density. We show how this model is able to accurately reproduce the universal properties of the underlying solution of athermal linear chains at various levels of coarse-graining and in a range of chain densities which can be widened by increasing the spatial resolution of the multiblob representation, i.e., the number of blobs per chain. The present model is unique in its ability to quantitatively predict thermodynamic and large scale structural properties of polymer solutions deep in the semidilute regime with a very limited computational effort, overcoming most of the problems related to the simulations of semidilute polymer solutions in good solvent conditions.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables
Anderson Orthogonality in the Dynamics After a Local Quantum Quench
Creators: name: Münder, Wolfgang
name: Weichselbaum, Andreas
name: Goldstein, Moshe
name: Gefen, Yuval
name: von Delft, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of the role of Anderson orthogonality for the dynamics after a quantum quench in quantum impurity models, using the numerical renormalization group. As shown by Anderson in 1967, the scattering phase shifts of the single-particle wave functions constituting the Fermi sea have to adjust in response to the sudden change in the local parameters of the Hamiltonian, causing the initial and final ground states to be orthogonal. This so-called Anderson orthogonality catastrophe also influences dynamical properties, such as spectral functions. Their low-frequency behaviour shows nontrivial power laws, with exponents that can be understood using a generalization of simple arguments introduced by Hopfield and others for the X-ray edge singularity problem. The goal of this work is to formulate these generalized rules, as well as to numerically illustrate them for quantum quenches in impurity models involving local interactions. As a simple yet instructive example, we use the interacting resonant level model as testing ground for our generalized Hopfield rule. We then analyse a model exhibiting population switching between two dot levels as a function of gate voltage, probed by a local Coulomb interaction with an additional lead serving as charge sensor. We confirm a recent prediction that charge sensing can induce a quantum phase transition for this system, causing the population switch to become abrupt. We elucidate the role of Anderson orthogonality for this effect by explicitly calculating the relevant orthogonality exponents.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures
Summarizing Email Threads
Creators: name: Rambow, Owen C.
name: Shrestha, Lokesh
name: Chen, John
name: Lauridsen, Chirsty
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: Summarizing threads of email is different from summarizing other types of written communication as it has an inherent dialog structure. We present initial research which shows that sentence extraction techniques can work for email threads as well, but profit from email-specific features. In addition, the presentation of the summary should take into account the dialogic structure of email communication.
Additional file 7 of Inheritance of the reduced mitochondria of Giardia intestinalis is coupled to the flagellar maturation cycle
Creators: name: Tůmová, Pavla
name: Voleman, Luboš
name: Klingl, Andreas
name: Nohýnková, Eva
name: Wanner, Gerhard
name: Doležal, Pavel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Fig. S4. Reconstruction including the peripheral mitosomes. The peripheral mitosomes shown in white.
title: Beyond black spruce: shift in plant communities after frequent fire in a Yukon subarctic boreal forest
Creators: name: Wasyliw, Carissa
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: Rapid warming in northern climates is altering plant successional trajectories at their northern extent. Changing fire regimes under ongoing climate change are predicted to further influence shifts in vegetation successional trajectories in boreal forests. New fire regimes impact ecosystem vegetation legacies, which dictate the regeneration success of forests and can rapidly change ecosystem states to non-forested trajectories. Two closely timed fires (1990/1, 2005) in the Eagle Plains region of northern Yukon resulted in a failure of black spruce (Picea mariana) regeneration. Our study characterized the alternate regeneration trajectories in the absence of black spruce regeneration and examined possible abiotic factors driving those changes. We found evidence of alternate regeneration trajectories favouring tall shrub growth in sites experiencing a shortened fire return interval. Particularly, denser tall-shrub regeneration occurred in sites with deeper active layers. Increased shrub dominance may have implications on culturally significant species such as barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus), berry producing plants, and those that depend on these species. Increased shrub growth will impact ecological processes like carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and permafrost dynamics. As disturbance regimes evolve, divergent post-fire successional pathways will continue to emerge, influencing other landscape processes, and impact important species to Indigenous communities of the area.
title: Press/Journalism (Austria-Hungary)
title: Press/Journalism (Austria-Hungary)
Creators: name: Ehrenpreis, Petronilla
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Österreich-Ungarn
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Propaganda
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Austria
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Propaganda

description: The undisputed superiority of the Western Powers, above all Great Britain in the domain of propaganda together with the collapse of Austria-Hungary suggest that the Hapsburg monarchy was militarily in no position to wage a world war; nor was it able to do so in the area of propaganda. The article questions the general dictum of Austria’s incapability of mastering a world war in propaganda terms. In a differentiated analysis the process of national mobilization through the press is examined. Although the specific practice of censorship within the monarchy proved to be a decisive stumbling block to mobilization in the first two years of the war, in the third and fourth years there was a temporary mobilization of the population, tailored to suit the person of the Foreign Minister Czernin, which is reminiscent of the propaganda patterns of the Western Powers in the First World War.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Additional file 1 of Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of respiratory Gram-negative bacterial isolates from COVID-19 patients in Switzerland
Creators: name: Gysin, Marina
name: Acevedo, Claudio Tirso
name: Haldimann, Klara
name: Bodendoerfer, Elias
name: Imkamp, Frank
name: Bulut, Karl
name: Buehler, Philipp Karl
name: Brugger, Silvio Daniel
name: Becker, Katja
name: Hobbie, Sven N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures S1–S4 and Tables S1–S4.
title: Prisoners of War (Japan)
title: Prisoners of War (Japan)
Creators: name: Otsuru, Atsushi
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kriegsgefangener
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Japan
subject: Prisoner of war

description: After Germany and its allies were defeated in Tsingtao, their soldiers were captured and sent to Japan. More than 4,600 combatant prisoners of war (POWs) were interned in temporary camps in cities throughout Japan. In 1915, after it became clear that the war would last longer than originally expected, Japanese military authorities constructed permanent POW camps to make prisoners’ living conditions more tolerable. Though strictly controlled by the military authorities, the prisoners were treated as fellow soldiers in accordance with the Hague Convention of 1907. Despite the fact that the POW camps were encircled by barbed wire, prisoners were not kept isolated from the surrounding society.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
A Jorgensen-Thurston theorem for homomorphisms
Creators: name: Liu, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M07 (Primary) 57M50, 20F65 (Secondary)

description: In this note, we provide a description of the structure of homomorphisms from a finitely generated group to any torsion-free (3-dimensional) Kleinian group with uniformly bounded finite covolume. This is analogous to the Jorgensen-Thurston Theorem in hyperbolic geometry.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
title: Prisoners of War and Internees (South East Europe)
title: Prisoners of War and Internees (South East Europe)
Creators: name: Trifunović, Bogdan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Serbischer Kriegsgefangener
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Bulgaria
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Atrocities

description: This article analyzes the treatment and living conditions of prisoners of war (POWs) and civilian internees from Serbia, Montenegro and Romania in Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian and German camps during the First World War. The article also addresses the occupation policies of the Central Powers regarding defeated armies and domestic civilian populations and the extent of their compliance with international law.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Dynamic explicit surface meshes and applications
Creators: name: Brochu, Tyson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Explicit surface tracking encompasses the discretization of moving surfaces in 3D with triangle meshes. This thesis presents key contributions towards making explicit surface tracking tractable. I first deal with the topology change problem (the merging and splitting of mesh surfaces), introducing a framework for guaranteeing intersection-free surfaces while handling these topological changes. I then introduce new methods for continuous collision detection which are “exact” in the sense of returning the same results as they would if computed with symbolic or exact arithmetic, but which are implemented using faster, floating-point arithmetic. The thesis also showcases several application domains in which explicit surface tracking can offer improvements over traditional methods: geometric flows, adaptive cloth simulation, and passive visualization of smoke simulation. It also presents two simulation techniques which take advantage of the explicit surface mesh representation and would not be possible with traditional methods: vortex sheet smoke and adaptive liquid simulation with high-resolution surface tension.
Additional file 1 of The effects of selected inhibitors on human fetal adrenal steroidogenesis differs under basal and ACTH-stimulated conditions
Creators: name: Melau, Cecilie
name: Riis, Malene Lundgaard
name: Nielsen, John E.
name: Perlman, Signe
name: Lundvall, Lene
name: Thuesen, Lea Langhoff
name: Hare, Kristine Juul
name: Hammerum, Mette Schou
name: Mitchell, Rod T.
name: Frederiksen, Hanne
name: Juul, Anders
name: Jørgensen, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary table. This file contains an overview of limits of quantification and linear range of detection for the steroid hormones measured by TurboFlow-LC-MS/MS.
MEAD - A Platform for Multidocument Multilingual Text Summarization
Creators: name: Radev, Dragomir R.
name: Allison, Timothy
name: Blair-Goldensohn, Sasha
name: Blitzer, John
name: Celebi, Arda
name: Dimitrov, Stanko
name: Drabek, Elliott
name: Hakim, Ali
name: Lam, Wai
name: Liu, Danyu
name: Otterbacher, Jahna
name: Qi, Hong
name: Saggion, Horacio
name: Teufel, Simone
name: Topper, Michael
name: Winkel, Adam
name: Zhang, Zhu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: This paper describes the functionality of MEAD, a comprehensive, public domain, open source, multidocument multilingual summarization environment that has been thus far downloaded by more than 500 organizations. MEAD has been used in a variety of summarization applications ranging from summarization for mobile devices to Web page summarization within a search engine and to novelty detection.
title: Fosdick, Raymond B.
title: Fosdick, Raymond B.
Creators: name: Ryan, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fosdick, Raymond Blaine
subject: Fosdick, Raymond B. (Raymond Blaine), 1883-1972

description: Raymond Blaine Fosdick served as the Chairman for the Commission on Training Camp Activities for the United States Army during its involvement in the First World War. In this position, he monitored soldier morale and devised programs to see to its maintenance.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The adhesive effect on the properties of particleboards made from sugar cane bagasse generated in the distiller
Creators: name: Mendes, Rafael Farinassi
name: Mendes, Lourival Marin
name: Guimarães Júnior, José Benedito
name: Santos, Rosimeire Cavalcante Dos
name: Bufalino, Lina
Publisher: name: Revista de Ciências Agrárias
Year: 2018

description: The objective was to evaluate the effect of the adhesive type and its different contents on sugar cane bagasse particleboards. The panels were produced using Urea-Formaldehyde (UF) and Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) adhesives. Three adhesive contents were tested: 6, 9 and 12%. The boards were made by using an 8-minute press closing time, pressure of 40kgf/cm², and temperature of 160ºC for the UF adhesive and 180ºC for the PF adhesive. It was concluded that: The UF adhesive was statistically equal or better than PF adhesive considering all properties evaluated. The adhesive contents of 9 and 12% were statistically equal, but both were superior to 6% considering the physical properties. The mechanical properties did not present statistical differences, except for rupture modulus. The best panels were produced using UF at 9%, but they did not attend the norm CS 236-66 for mechanical properties, therefore it is necessary manipulations of the processing variables.
description: Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 32 n.º 2 (2009)
Inducing Constraint-based Grammars from a Small Semantic Treebank
Creators: name: Muresan, Smaranda
name: Muresan, Tudor
name: Klavans, Judith L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We present a relational learning framework for grammar induction that is able to learn meaning as well as syntax. We introduce a type of constraint-based grammar, lexicalized well-founded grammar (lwfg), and we prove that it can always be learned from a small set of semantically annotated examples, given a set of assumptions. The semantic representation chosen allows us to learn the constraints together with the grammar rules, as well as an ontology-based semantic interpretation. We performed a set of experiments showing that several fragments of natural language can be covered by a lwfg,and that it is possible to choose the representative examples heuristically, based on linguistic knowledge.
Detection of Question-Answer Pairs in Email Conversations
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Shrestha, Lokesh
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: While sentence extraction as an approach to summarization has been shown to work in documents of certain genres, because of the conversational nature of email communication where utterances are made in relation to one made previously, sentence extraction may not capture the necessary segments of dialogue that would make a summary coherent. In this paper, we present our work on the detection of question-answer pairs in an email conversation for the task of email summarization. We show that various features based on the structure of email-threads can be used to improve upon lexical similarity of discourse segments for question-answer pairing.
title: Revolution of 1905 (Russian Empire)
title: Revolution of 1905 (Russian Empire)
Creators: name: Peeling, Siobhan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Russland / Revolution [1905]
subject: Russia--History--Revolution, 1905-1907

description: Social and political unrest swept the Russian Empire in 1905, forcing the autocratic tsarist regime to grant the creation of a popularly-elected legislative body; the State Duma. However, the army remained largely loyal to the Tsar, unlike in the wartime conditions of 1917, and the regime did not topple.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Appropriate Education: Future Education as if the Human Being Matters
Creators: name: Fisher, R. Michael
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 1982
Subjects: appropriate education, theory of education, Ken Wilber, evolutionary theory, radical philosophy

description: text as original form and reprinted (in part) in 2020
description: The very first substantial book attempted, on the ideal vision for education in the 20th century, by the author was started and not finished. It began in the latter part of 1982 as his career as a gr. 5-8 classroom school teacher took a drastic turn and he retired suddenly, wishing to do other things in the field of Education with more impact on educational philosophy and policy. At the age of 30 (in 1982) he found a copy of Up From Eden: A Transpersonal View of Human Evolution (published in 1981) by an unknown author to him at the time, Ken Wilber. This changed his life and thinking forever. A radical evolutionary vision for a philosophy of education began to emerge in his year after retiring, of which this technical paper covers only the Table of Contents and a few selected pages from this hand-typed and cut and pasted original edition. It will give readers a flavour for the scope of the author’s work and offers potential ‘seeds’ for others who may want to read the full ms. of 171 pp. (albeit, incomplete, ending with Chapter 3). Many of the ideas, theories, critiques in this book are still valid to the author to this day.
title: Revolutions (Austria-Hungary)
title: Revolutions (Austria-Hungary)
Creators: name: Leidinger, Hannes
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Österreich-Ungarn
subject: Revolution
subject: Austria--History--1918-1938

description: The following pages - focusing on the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the incidents in Austria in 1918/20 - are subdivided into four different periods and aspects: Firstly, World War One until the increasing protest movements of 1917/18, secondly, nonconformity and open resistance in the army in 1918, thirdly, the downfall of the monarchy and the disintegration of the political unit in the Danube basin in late 1918, and lastly, the rupture in November 1918, the subsequent formation of the republic, the democratization of the political system, unrest, coup d’état in 1919 and the end of the “revolutionary span” at the beginning of the 1920s.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The Federico Zeri Foundation: An International Research Centre for Art History
Creators: name: Ottani Cavina, Anna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Art
Art--Study and teaching

description: Unlike previous seminars where fellows of the Italian Academy presented research they were engaged on, I am privileged today to report on a reality that has kept the University of Bologna and a small band of scholars hard at work these last few years. Guided by a series of images, I would like to document Federico Zeri’s 1998 bequest to Bologna University, relate some cultural and biographical episodes featuring this great art historian (1921- 1998), and illustrate the library, the photo archive, and some of the Federico Zeri Foundation's achievements and projects.
Generalizing the Borel property
Creators: name: Francisco, Christopher A.
name: Mermin, Jeffrey
name: Schweig, Jay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F20, 13D02, 05E40

description: We introduce the notion of Q-Borel ideals: ideals which are closed under the Borel moves arising from a poset Q. We study decompositions and homological properties of these ideals, and offer evidence that they interpolate between Borel ideals and arbitrary monomial ideals.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure
In Search of Fearlessness Project: Some Original Documents 1989-90
Creators: name: Fisher, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 1990
Subjects: fear, fearlessness, Calgary,

description: text as original form
description: The following documents of brochures indicated the first conceptualizations of the ISOF Project as conceived by co-founders Robert M. Fisher & Catherine Sannuto, Calgary, AB, Canada. The first document lists the publications (etc.) of Robert & Catherine of which from 3. onward are written by Robert and edited by Catherine and, the second document is the one of the early drafts of a general brochure, written by Robert and Catherine and laid out in design by Larry Sannuto.
Fingerprinting to Identify Repeated Sound Events in Long-Duration Personal Audio Recordings
Creators: name: Ogle, James P.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Artificial intelligence
Electrical engineering

description: Body-worn audio recorders can collect huge "personal audio" archives of everything heard by the user, but navigating this data is a challenge. We investigate a noise-resistant audio fingerprint as a way to identify recurrent sound events. The fingerprint works well for data that is highly repeatable (e.g. phone rings) but not for more "organic" sounds (door closures etc.).
Drawing Out Fear and Terror: The Principles of Art Therapy in Personal Transformation
Creators: name: Fisher, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 1990
Subjects: fear, terror, healing, transformation, art therapeutics, growth and development, fearlessness

description: text as original form
description: This brief and introductory paper is not intended to deal with the complexities, details, and technicalities of the field of art therapy and personal transformation. More in-depth articles are available from other sources, including other articles I have written. Rather, I will give the reader an overall feel of what I have come to call the essence and principles of art therapy and its facilitation of personal transformation. The focus of my discussion will be on how the drawing out of fear and terror can have a healing effect.
Louise Ho and the Third Space: Identity Formation in Postcolonial Hong Kong English Literature
Creators: name: Lau, Isabella
Publisher: name: English
Year: 2020
Subjects: Edward Said
Intellectual Exile
Hong Kong
Louise Ho
Homi Bhabha
Third Space
Identity
Postcolonialism
Localism
Renationalization
Migratory
Flags and Flowers

description: This project intends to explore the issue of identity formation in postcolonial Hong Kong with a focus on Homi Bhabha’s theory of the third space and Edward Said’s theory of the intellectual as exile, in conjunction with the poems “Flags and Flowers,” and “Migratory” by Louise Ho. By analysing these poems, this project considers an important instance of how citizens of postcolonial Hong Kong attempt to reclaim their identity in the face of opposing powers – Britain and China. The study will engage with Bhabha’s and Said’s theories to explore the ways in which Louise Ho utilizes related concepts to construct a local identity for Hong Kong. The idea that Hong Kong is a place of exiles populated by people who live “at the edge of things and between places” is a common theme of literary texts in the handover period. Due to this common belief of Hong Kong as a place of exile, hence vulnerable to the colonial and native sovereign’s project of identity reconstruction, most texts in the handover period all demonstrate concerns and anxieties over Hong Kong’s cultural and linguistic autonomy, as well as the fear of a “homogenizing renationalization”. From such a perspective, Hong Kong presents an identity crisis that is often overlooked by postcolonial scholars: the struggle between identifying oneself with the former colonizer and the present sovereign within the native culture itself. While the idea that Hong Kong is a city of exiles constitutes one of the major themes of Louise Ho’s poems, Ho, however, suggests that it is exactly this very being of “difference,” that marks the local distinctive identity of Hong Kong. Foregrounding these common themes as the basis of Ho’s poems, this study argues that by showing the liminality of Hong Kong’s cultural identification – Not quite British, not quite Chinese – Louise Ho proposes the concept of the third space as a possible means for the formation of Hong Kong’s own local identity. To prove my thesis, I shall first begin with a literary review of Hong Kong literature from the handover period. Then, I will draw upon relevant discussions of Edward Said’s discourse of intellectual exile, in conjunction with one of the selected poems “Migratory”; I will then discuss Homi Bhabha’s theory of the third space and its intersection with the poem “Flags and Flowers”; Lastly, I will provide a close analysis of Ho’s poems with particular focus on the ways in which the poems call attention to the fluidity and multiplicity of identity in Post-Handover Hong Kong, as well as the ways in which Ho foregrounds the theoretical approaches of intellectual exile and the third space as possible means for reclaiming and reconstructing Hong Kong’s cultural identity.
title: Bullard, Robert Lee
title: Bullard, Robert Lee
Creators: name: Olliff, Martin T.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Bullard, Robert Lee
subject: Bullard, Robert Lee, 1861-1947

description: Robert Lee Bullard, born in Alabama and educated at West Point, served in the U.S. Army from 1885–1925. He was in the Geronimo Campaign, the Philippines, Cuba, and on the Mexican border, and he commanded First Division, III Corps and Second Army, AEF, during the First World War. He retired from the military to become president of the National Security League from 1925–1947.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War