cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Refined Model for Epitaxial Tilt of Epilayers Grown on Miscut Substrates
Creators: name: Liao, Michael E.
name: Goorsky, Mark S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A refined model of the origin of epitaxial tilt on miscut (or vicinal) substrates is explained by employing crystal modeling and reciprocal space analysis. The Nagai tilt model (H. Nagai, J. Appl. Phys., 45, 3789 (1974)) is often cited to explain the tilt of lattice planes in a pseudomorphic layer deposited on a miscut substrate that is observed in high resolution x-ray diffraction measurements. Here, however, we demonstrate how that model incorrectly describes how the substrate applies biaxial stress onto the epitaxial layer. Most importantly, the stress applied to an epitaxial layer on a miscut substrate is not along a low index plane. For example, the surface plane of a nominally (001) cubic substrate with a miscut of 10° towards the [110] is the (118) plane and the stress applied is parallel along the (118) plane and not (001). Furthermore, under the framework of reciprocal space, the {00l} reflections would be symmetric reflections for on-axis substrates but asymmetric reflections for miscut substrates. The tilt that is experimentally observed between the low index substrate planes and the epitaxial layer planes ((001) for example with a miscut substrate) matches that which is predicted by treating the low index reflections as asymmetric reflections. An epitaxial tilt equation is provided which describes the tilt between epitaxial and substrate layers based on the lattice parameter mismatch as well as the Poisson ratio of the layer that is applicable to any crystal system.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Going above and beyond: a qualitative study on the experiences and perspectives of HIV healthcare providers in Greece
Creators: name: Kyrou, Dimitrios
name: Vrontaras, Nikolaos
name: Karamanidou, Christina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1..
A modeling investigation of migratory behavior in fishes : a case study with sockeye salmon
Creators: name: Huato Soberanis, Leonardo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is composed of two separate spatially-explicit state-space dynamic models developed with the general objective of contributing to the understanding of migratory behavior in fish. The first model focuses on the behavior of mature adults during their reproductive migration, while the second focuses on the migratory tactics of fish during their migration cycle. Both models were applied to the marine migration of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the Fraser River. The first model is based on the hypothesis that the migratory behavior of returning individuals arises as an adaptive response to minimize a measure of the total costs of migration, given an expectation of the state of the environment during the migration (defined in terms of currents, temperature, and risk of predation). The model predicts that the higher swimming speed observed when sockeye salmon reaches the coast, and the use of the Juan de Fuca as the primary route to reach the Fraser River, are likely a response to a higher risk of mortality in the coast. The model also indicates that given the short arrival time of individuals from the same race, they either start their migration from a short longitudinal range, or are distributed across a wider range and start their migration at different times, with individuals further away from the Fraser River starting earlier. Predicted swimming speed and orientation resulted very sensitive to the spatial distribution and value of predation risk. This model could not predict the oceanic migration route and the latitude of landfall of Fraser River sockeye. I concluded that the spatial distribution of mortality was not properly represented, or that the tradeoff used to define the model was not adequate. The second model is based on the hypothesis that juvenile fish have a tradeoff between foraging activity and migration activity. The model was able to predict the following characteristics for sockeye salmon from the Fraser River: 1) Juveniles migrate along the coast and then move into the Alaska Gyre where they stay the rest of their oceanic residence. Model predictions do not support the commonly held hypothesis of an annual circuit around the Alaska Gyre. 2) The juvenile migration arises as a response to high zooplankton density in the coast at the time of the migration, although the high risk of mortality there creates a bottleneck in their life cycle. 3) The model predicts a seasonal growth pattern as a response to the seasonality of zooplankton density. 4) Juvenile fish display higher swimming migration activity than adults. 5) Individuals behaving optimally distribute below the observed thermal limits, however their distribution follows that of prey density. 6) The size-dependency of mortality observed during the smolt-to-adult phase likely arises from smaller individuals taking longer to swim through the coast.
Macro Effects on Agricultural Prices in Different Time Horizons
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Cho, Guedae
name: Kim, MinKyoung
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Cho, Guedae
name: Kim, MinKyoung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Relative agricultural price
subject: exchange rates
subject: inflation rates
subject: unit root test
subject: canonical cointegration regression
subject: money neutrality

description: Using monthly data covering 1974:1 to 2002:12, this paper explores the linkage between changes in macroeconomic variables (real exchange rate and inflation rate) and changes in relative agricultural prices in different time horizons (1, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months). By controlling factors that determine the long-run trend of relative agricultural prices, the results show that long-term changes in real exchange rates have had a significant negative correlation with the long-term changes in relative agricultural prices. Conversely, changes in the general price significantly affect short-term changes in the relative agricultural price.
Optimising Housing, Health and Sustainability Goals - Poster 2019.
Creators: name: Belesova, Kristine
name: Rawoot, Maashito
name: Sanya, Tom
name: Edwards, John
name: Samsodien, Sideeq
name: Nix, Emily
name: Davies, Mike
name: Wilikinson, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 330110
subject: Sustainable architecture

description: Housing has a crucial influence on health and well-being. In most settings, energy use in the home and for residential construction also accounts for a sizeable proportion of overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The form and quality of housing is a crucial target both for health protection and for the attainment of sustainability goals in relation to energy and GHG emissions. However, housing varies markedly in the degree to which it protects health, especially for low income households, while the evolving risks of climate change and need to meet mitigation targets often require substantial adaptations in the housing sector. Our vision in this project is to use case studies from four contrasting settings around the world to develop and apply methods to improve the design, refurbishment and operation of housing for low-income households that is low cost, low in environmental impact, high performance and improves quality of life and wellbeing. Lessons learned from these case studies will be used to inform the methods and approaches that can be applied in these and other settings.
Researching attitude–identity dynamics to understand social conflict and change
Creators: name: Lueders, Adrian
name: QUAYLE, MICHAEL
name: Maher, Paul
name: Bliuc, Ana-Maria
name: MAC CARRON, PADRAIG
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460806
subject: Human-computer interaction

description: Societies undergo constant change, manifested in various ways such as technological developments, economic transitions, reorganization of cultural values and beliefs, or changes in social structures. Individuals play an active role in shaping social and societal change by interactively negotiating its manifestation. However, this shaping of change is seldom harmonious; instead, it is often characterized by dissent and conflict. This special section gathers a collection of articles concerned with the role of attitude–identity dynamics in contexts of contemporary conflict and change. The corpus of research that builds this special section describes mutual impacts of attitudes and identities, explores different actors in social debates and covers a wide range of both established and innovative research methodology. This introduction summarizes and synthesizes the various contributions and offers insights into future research directions
Hypothetical Reasoning via Provenance Abstraction
Creators: name: Deutch, Daniel
name: Moskovitch, Yuval
name: Rinetzky, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data analytics often involves hypothetical reasoning: repeatedly modifying the data and observing the induced effect on the computation result of a data-centric application. Previous work has shown that fine-grained data provenance can help make such an analysis more efficient: instead of a costly re-execution of the underlying application, hypothetical scenarios are applied to a pre-computed provenance expression. However, storing provenance for complex queries and large-scale data leads to a significant overhead, which is often a barrier to the incorporation of provenance-based solutions. To this end, we present a framework that allows to reduce provenance size. Our approach is based on reducing the provenance granularity using user defined abstraction trees over the provenance variables; the granularity is based on the anticipated hypothetical scenarios. We formalize the tradeoff between provenance size and supported granularity of the hypothetical reasoning, and study the complexity of the resulting optimization problem, provide efficient algorithms for tractable cases and heuristics for others. We experimentally study the performance of our solution for various queries and abstraction trees. Our study shows that the algorithms generally lead to substantial speedup of hypothetical reasoning, with a reasonable loss of accuracy.
Further Exact Cosmological Solutions to Higher-Order Gravity Theories
Creators: name: Clifton, T.
name: Barrow, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of deviations from general relativity on approach to the initial singularity by finding exact cosmological solutions to a wide class of fourth-order gravity theories. We present new anisotropic vacuum solutions of modified Kasner type and demonstrate the extent to which they are valid in the presence of non-comoving perfect-fluid matter fields. The infinite series of Mixmaster oscillations seen in general relativity will not occur in these solutions, except in unphysical cases.
description: 15 pages and 2 figures
Certification of Pork Products
Creators: name: Nilsson, Tomas K.H.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
name: Nilsson, Tomas K.H.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The objective of this paper is to provide insights on the welfare distributional impact on consumer and producer welfare resulting from the development and implementation of a credence certification program in the U.S. pork sector. The certification program can provide various levels of tracking and tracing in the marketing chain. The modeling framework follows that of Nilsson (2005), which encompasses product differentiation and substitution across meat products at the consumer level and across live animal types at the farm level. Processors and retailers have potentially bilateral market power and can supply either or both certified and conventional meat products. One of the key findings is that while as the conventional market contracts and the certified market expands as expected, the magnitude depends on whether suppliers are single-or multiproduct providers. On aggregate, total welfare increases by 15 to 24 percent depending on industry structure.
Sneutrino warm inflation in the minimal supersymmetric model
Creators: name: Bastero-Gil, Mar
name: Berera, Arjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model of RH neutrino fields coupled to the MSSM is shown to yield a large parameter regime of warm inflation. In the strong dissipative regime, it is shown that inflation, driven by a single sneutrino field, occurs with {\it all field amplitudes below the Planck scale}. Analysis is also made of leptogenesis, neutrino mass generation and gravitino constraints. A new warm inflation scenario is purposed in which one scalar field drives a period of warm inflation and a second field drives a subsequent phase of reheating. Such a model is able to reduce the final temperature after inflation, thus helping to mitigate gravitino constraints.
description: 10 pages, 1 eps figure, revtex4
Monotonicity of Degrees of Generalized Alexander Polynomials of Groups and 3-Manifolds
Creators: name: Harvey, Shelly L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M

description: We investigate the behavior of the higher-order degrees, db_n, of a finitely presented group G. These db_n are functions from H^1(G;Z) to Z whose values are the degrees certain higher-order Alexander polynomials. We show that if def(G) is at least 1 or G is the fundamental group of a compact, orientable 3-manifold then db_n is a monotonically increasing function of n for n at least 1. This is false for general groups. As a consequence, we show that if a 4 manifold of the form X times S^1 admits a symplectic structure then X ``looks algebraically like'' a 3-manifold that fibers over S^1, supporting a positive answer to a question of Taubes. This generalizes a theorem of S. Vidussi and is an improvement on the previous results of the author. We also find new conditions on a 3-manifold X which will guarantee that the Thurston norm of f*(psi), for psi in H^1(X;\Z) and f:Y -> X a surjective map on pi_1, will be at least as large the Thurston norm of psi. When X and Y are knot complements, this gives a partial answer to a question of J. Simon. More generally, we define Gamma-degrees, db_Gamma, corresponding to a surjective map G -> Gamma for which Gamma is poly-torsion-free-abelian. Under certain conditions, we show they satisfy a monotonicity condition if one varies the group. As a result, we show that these generalized degrees give obstructions to the deficiency of a group being positive and obstructions to a finitely presented group being the fundamental group of a compact, orientable 3-manifold.
description: 19 pages
Learning Heat Diffusion for Network Alignment
Creators: name: Qu, Sisi
name: Xu, Mengmeng
name: Ghanem, Bernard
name: Tegner, Jesper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Networks are abundant in the life sciences. Outstanding challenges include how to characterize similarities between networks, and in extension how to integrate information across networks. Yet, network alignment remains a core algorithmic problem. Here, we present a novel learning algorithm called evolutionary heat diffusion-based network alignment (EDNA) to address this challenge. EDNA uses the diffusion signal as a proxy for computing node similarities between networks. Comparing EDNA with state-of-the-art algorithms on a popular protein-protein interaction network dataset, using four different evaluation metrics, we achieve (i) the most accurate alignments, (ii) increased robustness against noise, and (iii) superior scaling capacity. The EDNA algorithm is versatile in that other available network alignments/embeddings can be used as an initial baseline alignment, and then EDNA works as a wrapper around them by running the evolutionary diffusion on top of them. In conclusion, EDNA outperforms state-of-the-art methods for network alignment, thus setting the stage for large-scale comparison and integration of networks.
description: 4 Pages, 2 figures
Abundances of Na, Mg and Al in stars with giant planets
Creators: name: Beirao, P.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Israelian, G.
name: Mayor, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Na, Mg and Al abundances in a set of 98 stars with known giant planets, and in a comparison sample of 41 ``single'' stars. The results show that the [X/H] abundances (with X = Na, Mg and Al) are, on average, higher in stars with giant planets, a result similar to the one found for iron. However, we did not find any strong difference in the [X/Fe] ratios, for a fixed [Fe/H], between the two samples of stars in the region where the samples overlap. Finally, the data was used to study the Galactic chemical evolution trends for Na, Mg and Al, and to discuss the possible influence of planets on this evolution. The results, in general similar to the ones obtained by other authors, show that the [X/Fe] ratios all decrease as a function of metallicity up to solar values. While for Mg and Al this trend then becomes relatively constant, for Na we find indications of an upturn up to [Fe/H] values close to 0.25dex. For metallicities above this value the [Na/Fe] becomes constant.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; replaced on the 19/04/2005 with new version updated for language corrections
Consumer Choices and Welfare Gains from New, Healthy Products: A Virtual Price Approach
Creators: name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Ishdorj, Ariun
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Ishdorj, Ariun
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: scanner data
subject: demand for healthy food

description: This paper models consumer food choices with respect to different margarine and spread brands that include a new healthy brand. The results show that the older and smaller size households with higher income and higher education are more likely to purchase the healthy brand. An Almost Ideal Demand System for six brands was estimated and the coefficients were used to calculate price and brand expenditure elasticities in order to examine the responsiveness of the consumers to economic variables.
MAPS: Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning-based Portfolio Management System
Creators: name: Lee, Jinho
name: Kim, Raehyun
name: Yi, Seok-Won
name: Kang, Jaewoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generating an investment strategy using advanced deep learning methods in stock markets has recently been a topic of interest. Most existing deep learning methods focus on proposing an optimal model or network architecture by maximizing return. However, these models often fail to consider and adapt to the continuously changing market conditions. In this paper, we propose the Multi-Agent reinforcement learning-based Portfolio management System (MAPS). MAPS is a cooperative system in which each agent is an independent "investor" creating its own portfolio. In the training procedure, each agent is guided to act as diversely as possible while maximizing its own return with a carefully designed loss function. As a result, MAPS as a system ends up with a diversified portfolio. Experiment results with 12 years of US market data show that MAPS outperforms most of the baselines in terms of Sharpe ratio. Furthermore, our results show that adding more agents to our system would allow us to get a higher Sharpe ratio by lowering risk with a more diversified portfolio.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, IJCAI-PRICAI 2020
The Role of Infrastructure in the Rural - Urban Digital Divide
Creators: name: Whitacre, Brian E.
name: Mills, Bradford F.
name: Whitacre, Brian E.
name: Mills, Bradford F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: A significant gap exists in the percentage of rural and urban households that connect to the Internet. Furthermore, this "digital divide" has been increasing with respect to high-speed connections. The primary course of action to address this emerging high-speed digital divide has been to subsidize digital communications technology (DCT) infrastructure. This paper explores the diffusion of DCT infrastructure in both rural and urban areas over the period 2000 - 2003, and estimates its contribution to the emerging divide in high-speed access. The findings suggest that the rural - urban high-speed divide is more strongly associated with differences in household characteristics like education and income than differences in infrastructure.
Additional file 6 of Sequencing of five poultry strains elucidates phylogenetic relationships and divergence in virulence genes in Morganella morganii
Creators: name: Palmieri, Nicola
name: Hess, Claudia
name: Hess, Michael
name: Alispahic, Merima
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table S3. Annotation of active prophages in the five sequenced poultry strains.
Price Dynamics in the North American Wheat Market
Creators: name: Baek, Jungho
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Baek, Jungho
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Canadian wheat exports
subject: durum wheat
subject: hard red spring wheat
subject: Johansen cointegration test
subject: unit root test with a structural break
subject: vector error-correction

description: This study examines price dynamics in the U.S. and Canadian hard red spring (HRS) and durum wheat markets. Using monthly prices for 1979-2002, we adopt Johansen cointegration tests and a vector error-correction (VEC) model. The results show that U.S. hard red winter (HRW) and Canadian HRS are exogenous in the model consisting of U.S. HRW and HRS and Canadian HRS prices. Canadian durum is exogenous in the model of U.S. and Canadian durum prices. Therefore, the results suggest that the HRW exporting industry and Canada have been the price leader in North American wheat markets.
The linear constraints in Poincaré and Korn type inequalities
Creators: name: Alessandrini, Giovanni
name: Morassi, Antonino
name: Rosset, Edi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26D10, 46E35

description: We investigate the character of the linear constraints which are needed for Poincaré and Korn type inequalities to hold. We especially analyze constraints which depend on restriction on subsets of positive measure and on the trace on a portion of the boundary.
description: Revised version
Managing Genetic Resources for Fun and Profit -- The Role of the Interest Rate in Natural Selection
Creators: name: Guttormsen, Atle G.
name: Kristofersson, Dadi
name: Navdal, Eric
name: Guttormsen, Atle G.
name: Kristofersson, Dadi
name: Navdal, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: It has become clear that exploitation of natural resources may result in evolutionary selection pressure resulting in morphological changes of a species over time. This potentially adverse effect should be taken into account when regulating the use of such resources. In this paper we present a bioeconomic model where we analyse the effect of selective harvesting on genetic frequency for one specific gene in terms of the socially optimal long-term management of the resource. It is assumed that the individuals carrying the gene have a lower natural mortality rate but are also more valuable to catch. Results indicate that the relationship between the natural rate of selection against less valuable individuals and the interest rate is crucial in determining whether the valuable gene should be preserved or allowed to become extinct. To our knowledge this is the first economic model of resource harvesting when harvesting directly affects the rate of selection in a genetic model.
Opti-House Poster 2019.
Creators: name: Belesova, Kristine
name: Rawoot, Maashito
name: Sanya, Tom
name: Edwards, John
name: Samsodien, Sideeq
name: Nix, Emily
name: Davies, Mike
name: Wilikinson, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 330110
subject: Sustainable architecture

description: Housing has a crucial influence on health and well-being. In most settings, energy use in the home and for residential construction also accounts for a sizeable proportion of overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The form and quality of housing is a crucial target both for health protection and for the attainment of sustainability goals in relation to energy and GHG emissions. However, housing varies markedly in the degree to which it protects health, especially for low income households, while the evolving risks of climate change and need to meet mitigation targets often require substantial adaptations in the housing sector. Our vision in this project is to use case studies from four contrasting settings around the world to develop and apply methods to improve the design, refurbishment and operation of housing for low-income households that is low cost, low in environmental impact, high performance and improves quality of life and wellbeing. Lessons learned from these case studies will be used to inform the methods and approaches that can be applied in these and other settings.
Additional file 1 of A suitable time point for quantifying the radiochemical purity of 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals
Creators: name: Kelly, James M.
name: Amor-Coarasa, Alejandro
name: Sweeney, Elizabeth
name: Wilson, Justin J.
name: Causey, Patrick W.
name: Babich, John W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Further details on the methodology used in this work are provided in this file including Information on precursors, predictions for non-weighted statistical models, validation of weighted statistical models, radio TLC methodology, physical decay models, comparisons of RCP determination by method and certificate of analysis of Actinium -225.
Privatization of Municipal Service Provision: Panacea or Pandora's Box?
Creators: name: Halstead, John M.
name: Girard, Peter
name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Halstead, John M.
name: Girard, Peter
name: Deller, Steven C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Public Economics

description: The provision of municipal services by private contractors and cooperative arrangements has become increasingly prevalent in the US. Building on previous studies in Illinois and Wisconsin we attempt to model the municipal decision of how local governments provide residents with town services. In order to test the applicability of past work to smaller towns we conducted a survey of the mostly rural state of New Hampshire in the summer of 2004. This paper will provide descriptive statistics of this New Hampshire survey. We will then begin to outline a possible decision-making model relative to population, location and other exogenous factors. Our analysis will use logit analysis to model the decision to contract out to for profit service providers.
On Container Versus Time Based Inspection Policies in Invasive Species Management
Creators: name: Batabyal, Amitrajeet A.
name: Nijkamp, Peter
name: Batabyal, Amitrajeet A.
name: Nijkamp, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Public Economics

description: We study the problem of precluding biological invasions caused by ships transporting internationally traded goods in containers between different regions of the world. Using the long run expected net cost (LRENC) of inspections as the apposite managerial objective, we address the following important question: Given that inspection is a cyclical activity, is the LRENC lower when a port manager's inspector inspects cargo upon the arrival of a specified number of containers (container policy) or is this LRENC lower when this inspector inspects cargo at fixed points in time (temporal policy)? We construct a queuing theoretic model and show that in an inspection cycle, irrespective of whether the inspection policy choice is made on the basis of an explicit optimization exercise or on the basis of rules of thumb, the container policy is superior to the temporal policy because the container policy results in lower LRENC from inspection activities.
Competitive sorption of mono- versus di-valent ions by highly charged globular macromolecules
Creators: name: Nikam, Rohit
name: Xu, Xiao
name: Kanduč, Matej
name: Dzubiella, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a highly charged globular macromolecule, such as a dendritic polyelectrolyte or charged nanogel, is immersed into a physiological electrolyte solution, monovalent and divalent counterions from the solution bind to the macromolecule in a certain ratio and thereby almost completely electroneutralize it. For charged macromolecules in biological media, the number ratio of bound mono- versus di-valent ions is decisive for the desired function. A theoretical prediction of such a sorption ratio is challenging because of the competition of electrostatic (valency), ion-specific, and binding saturation effects. Here, we devise and discuss a few approximate models to predict such an equilibrium sorption ratio by extending and combining established electrostatic binding theories such as Donnan, Langmuir, Manning as well as Poisson-Boltzmann approaches, to systematically study the competitive uptake of mono- and di-valent counterions by the macromolecule. We compare and fit our models to coarse-grained (implicit-solvent) computer simulation data of the globular polyelectrolyte dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) in salt solutions of mixed valencies. The dPGS has high potential to serve in macromolecular carrier applications in biological systems and at the same time constitutes a good model system for a highly charged macromolecule. We finally use the simulation-informed models to extrapolate and predict electrostatic features such as the effective charge as a function of the divalent ion concentration for a wide range of dPGS generations (sizes).
Evolutionary Stellar Population Synthesis at High Spectral Resolution: Optical Wavelengths
Creators: name: Delgado, R. M. Gonzalez
name: Cervino, Miguel
name: Martins, L. Pires
name: Leitherer, Claus
name: Hauschildt, Peter H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the single stellar population (SSP) synthesis results of our new synthetic stellar atmosphere models library with a spectral sampling of 0.3 A, covering the wavelength range from 3000 A to 7000 A for a wide range of metallicities (twice solar, solar, half and 1/10 solar). The stellar library is composed of 1650 spectra computed with the latest improvements in stellar atmospheres. In particular it incorporates non-LTE line-blanketed models for hot (Teff >= 27500 K) and LTE line-blanketed models (Phoenix) for cool (3000 K =< Teff =< 4500 K) stars. Because of the high spectral resolution of this library, evolutionary synthesis models can be used to predict the strength of numerous weak absorption lines, and the evolution of the profiles of the strongest lines over a wide range of ages. The SSP results have been calculated for ages 1 Myr to 17 Gyr using the stellar evolutionary provided by the Geneva and Padova-tracks groups. For young stellar populations, our results have a very detailed coverage of high-temperature stars with similar results for Padova and Geneva isochrones. For intermediate and old stellar populations, our results, once degraded to a lower resolution, are similar to the ones obtained by other groups apart from limitations imposed by the stellar evolutionary physics. The limitations and advantages of our library for the analysis of integrated populations are described. The full set of the stellar library and the evolutionary models are available for retrieval at the websites http://www.iaa.csic.es/~rosa and http://www.iaa.csic.es/~mcs/Sed@, or on request from the first two authors.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures, accepted by M.N.R.A.S., results are ready for download from http://www.iaa.csic.es/~rosa (plain ascii table) and http://ov.inaoep.mx/ (ascii VOtable). Paper with high resolution figures at http://www.iaa.es/~rosa
Knierim, Rolf, Entwurf eines methodistischen Selbstverständnisses
Creators: name: Wieske, Günter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 10 Nr. 2 (1961): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 10, Heft 2
A Battle of Taste and Environmental Convictions for Ecolabeled Seafood: A Choice Experiment
Creators: name: Roheim, Cathy A.
name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Roheim, Cathy A.
name: Johnston, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This paper describes a choice experiment addressing preferences for ecolabeled seafood, in which the experimental design allows for choices among various fresh seafood products. The primary emphasis is the potential trade-off between taste (i.e., a favored species) and the presence of an ecolabel, when multiple seafood products are available.
An evaluation of fish habitat in Burrard Inlet, British Columbia
Creators: name: Haggarty, Dana Rochelle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I investigated fish habitat evaluation methods for Burrard Inlet, British Columbia. Burrard Inlet, contains the Port of Vancouver and is surrounded by Greater Vancouver. Nearshore habitat loss and alteration are major threats to the health of the marine environment in the region. Considerable habitat has already been lost or altered in Burrard Inlet. To maintain productive fish habitat, two issues must be resolved: what metrics should be used to assess habitat; and at what scale should they be evaluated? I investigated habitat evaluation in four ways: reviewing habitat classification and evaluation methods used in other aquatic situations; investigating the habitat use of juvenile chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon; employing community level metrics of habitat; and measuring substrate types along Burrard Inlet's shoreline. Scale is a critical issue in habitat evaluation. Scales range between very broad, regional classifications, to fine, site-level habitat assessments. An intermediate scale, the landscape, is appropriate to classify and evaluate fish habitat. I found a greater abundance of chum and chinook in the western basins of the inlet than the eastern basin. At the site level, juvenile chinook tended to use larger substrates such as bedrock and boulders over sand and mud. More chum were found over cobble substrates than mud. Landscape-level metrics such as habitat connectivity, isolation, rarity, and abundance must, however, be considered as juvenile salmonids use a variety of nearshore habitats as they migrate to the sea. Numerous species of fishes use Burrard Inlet; therefore, community-level metrics such as species diversity and the identification of species assemblages should also be used in habitat evaluation. My data showed separate assemblages of fish are found on gravel-cobble beaches than on sand and mud. Differences in species diversity also existed between some sites. These habitat evaluation metrics are particularly important in urban situations such as Burrard Inlet. My analysis showed that 44.6% of Burrard Inlet's shoreline has already been altered. The Inner Harbour, at 79.7%, is the most altered basin. Landscape-level habitat evaluation metrics such as habitat diversity, rarity, abundance and connectivity should be used to assess nearshore fish habitats.
The stellar populations of E and S0 galaxies as seen with SAURON
Creators: name: Kuntschner, H.
name: Emsellem, E.
name: Bacon, R.
name: Bureau, M.
name: Cappellari, M.
name: Davies, R. L.
name: de~Zeeuw, P. T.
name: Falcon-Barroso, J.
name: Krajnovic, D.
name: McDermid, R. M.
name: Peletier, R. F.
name: Sarzi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present selected results from integral-field spectroscopy of 48 early-type galaxies observed as part of the SAURON survey. Maps of the Hbeta, Fe5015, Mgb and Fe5270 indices in the Lick/IDS system were derived for each of the survey galaxies. The metal line strength maps show generally negative gradients with increasing radius roughly consistent with the morphology of the light profiles. Remarkable deviations from this general trend exist, particularly the Mgb isoindex contours appear to be flatter than the isophotes of the surface brightness for about 40% of our galaxies without significant dust features. Generally these galaxies exhibit significant rotation. We infer from this that the fast-rotating component features a higher metallicity and/or an increased Mg/Fe ratio as compared to the galaxy as a whole. We also use the line strengths maps to compute average values integrated over circular apertures of one effective radius, and derive luminosity weighted ages and metallicities. The lenticular galaxies show a wide range in age and metallicity estimates, while elliptical galaxies tend to occupy regions of older stellar populations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in "Science Perspectives for 3D Spectroscopy", eds. M. Kissler-Patig, M. M. Roth and J. R. Walsh, ESO Astrophysics Symposia
IMPORT SAFEGUARDS: PROTECTIONIST MEASURES OR A LIBERALIZATION STRATEGY?
Creators: name: Grant, Jason H.
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Grant, Jason H.
name: Meilke, Karl D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The Doha Trade Round maintains that a considerable effort will be given to take into account better the particular needs of developing nations. Many low-income countries argue that the flexibility to invoke a special safeguard mechanism when faced with volatile commodity markets is a necessary condition for further market access reform. The implications of a safeguard for developing agriculture as a trade-off for lowering their tariff rates, is an important empirical question. Two stochastic simulation experiments are developed using wheat as a case study to estimate the marginal effects of a safeguard in terms of domestic market stability and on developed exporting nations. The results reveal that a safeguard for developing agriculture is minimally trade distorting and in general, costs less than one percent of total world welfare that would be realized if low-income countries were not granted a safeguard. Furthermore, safeguards are an attractive policy tool because they are transparent, easy to use and are an automatic mechanism.
Another SMEFT Story: $Z^\prime$ Facing New Results on $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$, $ΔM_K$ and $K\toπν\barν$
Creators: name: Aebischer, Jason
name: Buras, Andrzej J.
name: Kumar, Jacky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the RBC-UKQCD lattice collaboration presented new results for the hadronic matrix elements relevant for the ratio $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ in the Standard Model (SM). With the present knowledge of the Wilson coefficients and isospin breaking effects there is still much room for new physics (NP) contributions to $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ which could both enhance or suppress this ratio to agree with the data. The new SM value for the $K^0-\bar K^0$ mass difference $ΔM_K$ from RBC-UKQCD is on the other hand by $2σ$ above the data hinting for NP required to suppress $ΔM_K$. Simultaneously the most recent results for $K^+\rightarrowπ^+ν\barν$ from NA62 and for $K_{L}\rightarrowπ^0ν\barν$ from KOTO still allow for significant NP contributions. We point out that the suppression of $ΔM_K$ by NP requires the presence of new CP-violating phases with interesting implications for $K\toπν\barν$, $K_S\toμ^+μ^-$ and $K_L\toπ^0\ell^+\ell^-$ decays. Considering a $Z^\prime$-scenario within the SMEFT we analyze the dependence of all these observables on the size of NP still allowed by the data on $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$. The NP QCD penguin scenario for $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ is excluded by SMEFT renormalization group effects in $\varepsilon_K$ so that NP effects in $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ are governed by electroweak penguins. We also investigate for the first time whether the presence of a heavy $Z^\prime$ with flavour violating couplings could generate through top Yukawa renormalization group effects FCNCs mediated by the SM $Z$-boson. The outcome turns out to be very interesting.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures; v2: added references, results unchanged
A novel framework for the estimation of excavator’s actual productivity in the grading operation using building information modeling (BIM)
Creators: name: Molaei, Amirmasoud
name: Geimer, Marcus
name: Kolu, Antti
Publisher: name: Tampere University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Excavator’s productivity
grading operation
elevation terrain mapping
building information modeling (BIM)

description: This paper discusses the productivity of an excavator in the grading operation. Although the grading operation is one of the most important tasks in various worksites, there is no automated algorithm to calculate the excavator’s productivity during the grading operation. Manual methods for measuring the height of ground are highly time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone. In the presented method, a height map from surrounding areas is provided using a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor every few seconds. The proposed approach utilizes building information modeling (BIM) to retrieve information about the desired shape of the surface and the required accuracy. The results of the presented method are shown by implementation on a collected dataset using an excavator.
Additional file 2 of Factors correlated with drug use for constipation: perspectives from the 2016 open Japanese National Database
Creators: name: Mihara, Hiroshi
name: Murayama, Aiko
name: Sohachi Nanjo
name: Ando, Takayuki
name: Tajiri, Kazuto
name: Fujinami, Haruka
name: Yamada, Masaaki
name: Yasuda, Ichiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Use of the Semilinear Method to predict the Impact Corridor on Ground
Creators: name: Dimare, L.
name: Del Vigna, A.
name: Cioci, D. Bracali
name: Bernardi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an adaptation of the semilinear algorithm for the prediction of the impact corridor on ground of an Earth-impacting asteroid. The proposed algorithm provides an efficient tool, able to reliably predict the impact regions at fixed altitudes above ground with 5 orders of magnitudes less computations than Monte Carlo approaches. Efficiency is crucial when dealing with imminent impactors, which are characterized by high impact probabilities and impact times very close to the times of discovery. The case of 2008 TC3 is a remarkable example, but there are also recent cases of imminent impactors, 2018 LA and 2019 MO, for which the method has been successfully used. Moreover, its good performances make the tool suitable also for the analysis of the impact regions on ground of objects with a more distant impact time, even of the order of many years, as confirmed by the test performed with the first batch of observations of Apophis, giving the possibility of an impact 25 years after its discovery.
JWST-TST DREAMS: Non-Uniform Dayside Emission for WASP-17b from MIRI/LRS
Creators: name: Valentine, Daniel
name: Wakeford, Hannah R.
name: Challener, Ryan C.
name: Batalha, Natasha E.
name: Lewis, Nikole K.
name: Grant, David
name: Mullens, Elijah
name: Alderson, Lili
name: Goyal, Jayesh
name: MacDonald, Ryan J.
name: May, Erin M.
name: Seager, Sara
name: Stevenson, Kevin B.
name: Valenti, Jeff A.
name: Allen, Natalie H.
name: Espinoza, Néstor
name: Glidden, Ana
name: Gressier, Amélie
name: Huang, Jingcheng
name: Lin, Zifan
name: Long, Douglas
name: Louie, Dana R.
name: Clampin, Mark
name: Perrin, Marshall
name: van der Marel, Roeland P.
name: Mountain, C. Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first spectroscopic characterisation of the dayside atmosphere of WASP-17b in the mid-infrared using a single JWST MIRI/LRS eclipse observation. From forward-model fits to the 5-12 $μ$m emission spectrum, we tightly constrain the heat redistribution factor of WASP-17b to be 0.92$\pm$0.02 at the pressures probed by this data, indicative of inefficient global heat redistribution. We also marginally detect a supersolar abundance of water, consistent with previous findings for WASP-17b, but note our weak constraints on this parameter. These results reflect the thermodynamically rich but chemically poor information content of MIRI/LRS emission data for high-temperature hot Jupiters. Using the eclipse mapping method, which utilises the signals that the spatial emission profile of an exoplanet imprints on the eclipse light curve during ingress/egress due to its partial occultation by the host star, we also construct the first eclipse map of WASP-17b, allowing us to diagnose its multidimensional atmospheric dynamics for the first time. We find a day-night temperature contrast of order 1000 K at the pressures probed by this data, consistent with our derived heat redistribution factor, along with an eastward longitudinal hotspot offset of $18.7^{+11.1°}_{-3.8}$, indicative of the presence of an equatorial jet induced by day-night thermal forcing being the dominant redistributor of heat from the substellar point. These dynamics are consistent with general circulation model predictions for WASP-17b. This work is part of a series of studies by the JWST Telescope Scientist Team (JWST-TST), in which we use Guaranteed Time Observations to perform Deep Reconnaissance of Exoplanet Atmospheres through Multi-instrument Spectroscopy (DREAMS).
description: 28 pages, 8 figures. Published in The Astronomical Journal