cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bioconjugation study of upconversion nanoparticles for cancer detection
Creators: name: Shi, Yu
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Over the past decades, nanotechnology and fluorescence imaging techniques have become increasingly attractive for early detection of cancer. The high sensitivity required for differentiating abnormal cells from normal cells presents a challenge to existing diagnostic protocols. Among other types of nanomaterials, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have unique optical properties and thus hold a great promise in cancer detection at a very early stage using fluorescence imaging. Large Stokes and anti-Stokes shifts, long luminescence lifetime and excellent photostability make UCNPs a good choice for biological and biomedical applications.
 On the other hand, biological detection based on UCNP-probes is seriously limited by aggregation of the UCNPs when interacting with biomolecules and by non-specific binding in cell-based detection assays. This thesis explores a series of novel UCNP bioconjugation strategies to overcome the current barriers in bioapplications of UCNPs by enhancing their water dispersibility and stability and decreasing the non-specific binding of UCNP-biomolecule conjugates.
 In this research, NaYF₄: Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ and NaYF₄: Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺ UCNPs were synthesized and a NaYF₄: Yb³⁺/Er³⁺@NaGdF₄ core-shell structure was used to improve the upconversion luminescence intensity (Chapter 2). Various surface modification methods including ligand attraction, ligand oxidation, ligand exchange and silica coating were tested and compared to identify a suitable approach for the subsequent bioconjugation study (Chapter 3). Two novel bioconjugation strategies will be presented in detail. Chapter 4 illustrates conjugation of UCNPs to the MIL-38 antibodies through a biotin-streptavidin bridge. Chapter 5 demonstrates a modified one step bioconjugation strategy between UCNPs and MIL-38 antibodies by using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linker and orientation controlled functionalization of antibodies. Both novel UCNP-biomolecule conjugation strategies produce water-stable and dispersible products and the biomolecules tested retained their biological activity during the conjugation process. In addition, a fabricated UCNP-antibody complex specifically targeting DU145 prostate cancer cells without detectable non-specific binding was achieved.
Additional file 1 of Migraine patients in Germany - need for medical recognition and new preventive treatments: results from the PANORAMA survey
Creators: name: Koch, M.
name: Katsarava, Z.
name: Baufeld, C.
name: Schuh, K.
name: Gendolla, A.
name: Straube, A.
name: von Pannwitz, W.
name: Hofmann, W. E.
name: Ortler, S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1:
Computational thermo-hydro-mechanics for multiphase freezing and thawing porous media in the finite deformation range
Creators: name: Na, SeonHong
name: Sun, WaiChing
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mechanics, Analytic
subject: Heat--Radiation and absorption
subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Chemistry, Analytic

description: A stabilized thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) finite element model is introduced to investigate the freeze–thaw action of frozen porous media in the finite deformation range. By applying the mixture theory, frozen soil is idealized as a composite consisting of three phases, i.e., solid grain, unfrozen water and ice crystal. A generalized hardening rule at finite strain is adopted to replicate how the elasto-plastic responses and critical state evolve under the influence of phase transitions and heat transfer. The enhanced particle interlocking and ice strengthening during the freezing processes and the thawing-induced consolidation at the geometrical nonlinear regimes are both replicated in numerical examples. The numerical issues due to lack of two-fold inf–sup condition and ill-conditioning of the system of equations are addressed. Numerical examples for engineering applications at cold region are analyzed via the proposed model to predict the impacts of changing climate on infrastructure at cold regions.
Additional file 1 of Region-wise analysis of dairy cow movements in Japan
Creators: name: Murato, Yoshinori
name: Hayama, Yoko
name: Shimizu, Yumiko
name: Sawai, Kotaro
name: Yamaguchi, Emi
name: Yamamoto, Takehisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria following treatment with artemisinin combination therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
Creators: name: Alemayehu, Bereket H.
name: WWARN Gametocyte Study Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Drug resistance
Germ cells
Plasmodium falciparum
Biochemistry

description: Background
Gametocytes are responsible for transmission of malaria from human to mosquito. Artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) reduces post-treatment gametocyte carriage, dependent upon host, parasite and pharmacodynamic factors. The gametocytocidal properties of antimalarial drugs are important for malaria elimination efforts. An individual patient clinical data meta-analysis was undertaken to identify the determinants of gametocyte carriage and the comparative effects of four ACTs: artemether-lumefantrine (AL), artesunate/amodiaquine (AS-AQ), artesunate/mefloquine (AS-MQ), and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP).

Methods
Factors associated with gametocytaemia prior to, and following, ACT treatment were identified in multivariable logistic or Cox regression analysis with random effects. All relevant studies were identified through a systematic review of PubMed. Risk of bias was evaluated based on study design, methodology, and missing data.

Results
The systematic review identified 169 published and 9 unpublished studies, 126 of which were shared with the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) and 121 trials including 48,840 patients were included in the analysis. Prevalence of gametocytaemia by microscopy at enrolment was 12.1 % (5887/48,589), and increased with decreasing age, decreasing asexual parasite density and decreasing haemoglobin concentration, and was higher in patients without fever at presentation. After ACT treatment, gametocytaemia appeared in 1.9 % (95 % CI, 1.7–2.1) of patients. The appearance of gametocytaemia was lowest after AS-MQ and AL and significantly higher after DP (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 2.03; 95 % CI, 1.24–3.12; P = 0.005 compared to AL) and AS-AQ fixed dose combination (FDC) (AHR, 4.01; 95 % CI, 2.40–6.72; P
Data and R script for "Assessing the development in open access publishing in archaeology: A case study from Norway"
Creators: name: Roalkvam, Isak
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This repository holds the R script, raw and processed data as well as figures used for the paper Solheim et al. (2025) "Assessing the development in open access publishing in archaeology: A case study from Norway".
The effect of dose on the antimalarial efficacy of artemether–lumefantrine: a systematic review and pooled analysis of individual patient data
Creators: name: Alemayehu, Bereket H.
name: Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) AL Dose Impact Study Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Malaria--Epidemiology
Regression analysis
Artemisinin
Public health

description: Background

Artemether–lumefantrine is the most widely used artemisinin-based combination therapy for malaria, although treatment failures occur in some regions. We investigated the effect of dosing strategy on efficacy in a pooled analysis from trials done in a wide range of malaria-endemic settings.

Methods

We searched PubMed for clinical trials that enrolled and treated patients with artemether–lumefantrine and were published from 1960 to December, 2012. We merged individual patient data from these trials by use of standardised methods. The primary endpoint was the PCR-adjusted risk of Plasmodium falciparum recrudescence by day 28. Secondary endpoints consisted of the PCR-adjusted risk of P falciparum recurrence by day 42, PCR-unadjusted risk of P falciparum recurrence by day 42, early parasite clearance, and gametocyte carriage. Risk factors for PCR-adjusted recrudescence were identified using Cox's regression model with frailty shared across the study sites.

Findings

We included 61 studies done between January, 1998, and December, 2012, and included 14 327 patients in our analyses. The PCR-adjusted therapeutic efficacy was 97·6% (95% CI 97·4–97·9) at day 28 and 96·0% (95·6–96·5) at day 42. After controlling for age and parasitaemia, patients prescribed a higher dose of artemether had a lower risk of having parasitaemia on day 1 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0·92, 95% CI 0·86–0·99 for every 1 mg/kg increase in daily artemether dose; p=0·024), but not on day 2 (p=0·69) or day 3 (0·087). In Asia, children weighing 10–15 kg who received a total lumefantrine dose less than 60 mg/kg had the lowest PCR-adjusted efficacy (91·7%, 95% CI 86·5–96·9). In Africa, the risk of treatment failure was greatest in malnourished children aged 1–3 years (PCR-adjusted efficacy 94·3%, 95% CI 92·3–96·3). A higher artemether dose was associated with a lower gametocyte presence within 14 days of treatment (adjusted OR 0·92, 95% CI 0·85–0·99; p=0·037 for every 1 mg/kg increase in total artemether dose).

Interpretation

The recommended dose of artemether–lumefantrine provides reliable efficacy in most patients with uncomplicated malaria. However, therapeutic efficacy was lowest in young children from Asia and young underweight children from Africa; a higher dose regimen should be assessed in these groups.
Additional file 1 of Patient and health provider costs of integrated HIV, diabetes and hypertension ambulatory health services in low-income settings — an empirical socio-economic cohort study in Tanzania and Uganda
Creators: name: Shiri, Tinevimbo
name: Birungi, Josephine
name: Garrib, Anupam V.
name: Kivuyo, Sokoine L.
name: Namakoola, Ivan
name: Mghamba, Janneth
name: Musinguzi, Joshua
name: Kimaro, Godfather
name: Mutungi, Gerald
name: Nyirenda, Moffat J.
name: Okebe, Joseph
name: Ramaiya, Kaushik
name: Bachmann, M.
name: Sewankambo, Nelson K.
name: Mfinanga, Sayoki
name: Jaffar, Shabbar
name: Niessen, Louis W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table A1. Unit prices (2019/2020 Ugandan and Tanzanian Shillings). Table A2. Resource use specifications by single, double, and triple disease. Table A3. Monthly programme healthcare costs (US$ 2019/20) per patient by disease and facility. This includes staff salaries including non-clinical staff such as cleaners and drivers, drugs, medical consumables and supplies, laboratory testing, medical equipment, physical infrastructure used for patient care. Table A4. Out-of-pocket expenses and loss of earnings (median and ranges) in 2010/2020 US$. Table A5. Projected costs of managing people living with HIV, diabetes, hypertension, and multi-morbidity by gender in Tanzania and Uganda. Table A8. Prevalence of diabetes in Tanzania and Uganda [1]. Table A9. Prevalence of hypertension in Tanzania and Uganda [2, 3]. Table A10. HIV prevalence by age and gender in Tanzania and Uganda. Table A11. Projected impact of aging and differences in survival on the number of people living with HIV, diabetes, hypertension, and multi-morbidity (in thousands) by gender in Tanzania and Uganda. Sample size for the time and motion observational study. Figure A1. The effect of aging on the increase in the number of people with combined conditions (HIV and/or diabetes and/or hypertension) compared to cases in year 2020 by gender in Uganda and Tanzania.
Clinical determinants of early parasitological response to ACTs in African patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a literature review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
Creators: name: Alemayehu, Bereket H.
name: WWARN Artemisinin Based Combination Therapy (ACT) Africa Baseline Study Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Artemisinin
Regression analysis
Plasmodium
Public health

description: Background
Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has emerged in the Greater Mekong sub-region and poses a major global public health threat. Slow parasite clearance is a key clinical manifestation of reduced susceptibility to artemisinin. This study was designed to establish the baseline values for clearance in patients from Sub-Saharan African countries with uncomplicated malaria treated with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs).

Methods
A literature review in PubMed was conducted in March 2013 to identify all prospective clinical trials (uncontrolled trials, controlled trials and randomized controlled trials), including ACTs conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, between 1960 and 2012. Individual patient data from these studies were shared with the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) and pooled using an a priori statistical analytical plan. Factors affecting early parasitological response were investigated using logistic regression with study sites fitted as a random effect. The risk of bias in included studies was evaluated based on study design, methodology and missing data.

Results
In total, 29,493 patients from 84 clinical trials were included in the analysis, treated with artemether-lumefantrine (n = 13,664), artesunate-amodiaquine (n = 11,337) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (n = 4,492). The overall parasite clearance rate was rapid. The parasite positivity rate (PPR) decreased from 59.7 % (95 % CI: 54.5–64.9) on day 1 to 6.7 % (95 % CI: 4.8–8.7) on day 2 and 0.9 % (95 % CI: 0.5–1.2) on day 3. The 95th percentile of observed day 3 PPR was 5.3 %. Independent risk factors predictive of day 3 positivity were: high baseline parasitaemia (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.16 (95 % CI: 1.08–1.25); per 2-fold increase in parasite density, P <0.001); fever (>37.5 °C) (AOR = 1.50 (95 % CI: 1.06–2.13), P = 0.022); severe anaemia (AOR = 2.04 (95 % CI: 1.21–3.44), P = 0.008); areas of low/moderate transmission setting (AOR = 2.71 (95 % CI: 1.38–5.36), P = 0.004); and treatment with the loose formulation of artesunate-amodiaquine (AOR = 2.27 (95 % CI: 1.14–4.51), P = 0.020, compared to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine).

Conclusions
The three ACTs assessed in this analysis continue to achieve rapid early parasitological clearance across the sites assessed in Sub-Saharan Africa. A threshold of 5 % day 3 parasite positivity from a minimum sample size of 50 patients provides a more sensitive benchmark in Sub-Saharan Africa compared to the current recommended threshold of 10 % to trigger further investigation of artemisinin susceptibility.
Additional file 1 of SOCS3 inhibits the mesenchymal stromal cell secretory factor SDF-1-mediated improvement of islet function in non-obese diabetic mice
Creators: name: Sui, Mingxing
name: Li, Tuo
name: Lu, Hanlan
name: Li, Yanhua
name: Huang, Juan
name: Zhang, Pei
name: Wang, Shusen
name: Zeng, Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Uncropped full-length gels and blot results of SOCS3.
Characterization of creep and microstructure of novel high-temperature magnesium alloys
Creators: name: Fletcher, Michelle Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The desire for fuel efficient, yet high performance, vehicles in the automotive industry has resulted in a high demand for light weight structural materials. Magnesium alloys are one of the lightest structural materials available to engineering designers. Wrought magnesium alloy bars, sections and tubes have been used in the aerospace, electronics and automotive industries, where component weight is of concern. The operating temperature of these components is typically limited to below 100°C, since creep resistance begins to deteriorate above this temperature. Creep deformation in magnesium alloys has been generally contributed to grain boundary sliding and plastic deformation leading to inter-granular failure. This research investigated the creep resistance of five wrought magnesium alloys (AE42, AJ32, AX30, EZ33 and ZE10) developed for elevated temperature automotive applications. Non-conventional techniques were utilized to study the creep resistance of these alloys on the micro and macro scale at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 175°C. Neutron diffraction techniques were utilized to measure alloy texture, total strain and elastic creep strain. Metallographic techniques were subsequently used to analyze microstructural constituents in each alloy. The alloy microstructure was then correlated to the alloy’s creep resistance. The results indicate that the aluminum free magnesium alloys (i.e., EZ33 and ZE10) had higher creep resistance compared to aluminum containing alloys (i.e., AE42, AJ32 and AX30). For the aluminum containing alloys, twinning and formation of a large amount of the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ intermetallic compound likely contributed to a decreased creep resistance. Strontium and calcium were both seen to limit Mg₁₇Al₁₂ formation, thus improving creep resistance of the AJ32 and AX30 alloys with respect to the AE42 alloy, respectively. Both the EZ33 and ZE10 alloys contained nanoprecipitates uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix, possibly contributing to dispersion strengthening and improved creep resistance. The results of neutron diffraction studies suggest that the aluminum containing alloys have experienced unique lattice structure changes on different crystallographic planes. In contrast, the aluminum free alloys had very stable crystallographic lattice strains throughout the duration of creep testing.
Additional file 1 of Emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Nepal
Creators: name: Pandey, Kishor
name: Bastola, Anup
name: Haiyan, Gong
name: Pyakurel, Uttam Raj
name: Pandey, Basu Dev
name: Dumre, Shyam Prakash
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Trends of VL cases from 2005 to 2019 in Nepal.
Statistical physics-based reconstruction in compressed sensing
Creators: name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Mézard, Marc
name: Sausset, François
name: Sun, Yifan
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compressed sensing is triggering a major evolution in signal acquisition. It consists in sampling a sparse signal at low rate and later using computational power for its exact reconstruction, so that only the necessary information is measured. Currently used reconstruction techniques are, however, limited to acquisition rates larger than the true density of the signal. We design a new procedure which is able to reconstruct exactly the signal with a number of measurements that approaches the theoretical limit in the limit of large systems. It is based on the joint use of three essential ingredients: a probabilistic approach to signal reconstruction, a message-passing algorithm adapted from belief propagation, and a careful design of the measurement matrix inspired from the theory of crystal nucleation. The performance of this new algorithm is analyzed by statistical physics methods. The obtained improvement is confirmed by numerical studies of several cases.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Related codes and data are available at http://aspics.krzakala.org
Additional file 1 of Pharmacies in informal settlements: a retrospective, cross-sectional household and health facility survey in four countries
Creators: name: Watson, Sam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Supplementary document for Photon-Recycling Effect in Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications: A Monte-Carlo Study - 5268454.pdf
Creators: name: Wu, Bo
name: Wang, Yigen
name: Li, Linjia
name: Gong, Yiyang
name: Long, Mingzhu
name: Zhou, Guofu
name: Ma, Hong
name: Liu, Feilong
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supporting information
Language development and language disorders
Creators: name: Bloom, Lois
name: Lahey, Margaret
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1978
Subjects: Cognition in children
Language disorders in children
Language acquisition
Developmental psychology

description: Most young children learn the words and rules for simple sentences in their first few years. Some children, however, learn language more slowly and with more difficulty so that by their third birthday, parents and caregivers become concerned. Helping these children to catch up and learn language requires a plan for assessment and then a plan for intervention. Before this book was published, in 1978, deciding which language forms to teach and in what order had typically relied on intuition and what seemed easiest to learn. In contrast, the book first pointed out that not only are the forms of language important, but also important are their content and use − what language forms mean and how they are used in social contexts. And second, information from research with children who acquire language normally ought to inform plans for teaching children who learn language with difficulty. The important contributions in the book were a model of language with three intersecting components: content, form, and use, together with guidelines for using information from normal language acquisition to create plans for assessment and intervention for children with language disorders.
Carbon Pricing in New York ISO Markets
Creators: name: Gundlach, Justin M.
name: Webb, Romany M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Carbon offsetting
subject: Greenhouse gas mitigation
subject: Emissions trading
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Climatic changes

description: Does the law permit the New York Independent Service Operator (NYISO) to incorporate, directly or indirectly, a carbon price into New York State’s wholesale electricity market? And, if so, what is the appropriate design of a carbon pricing scheme for the NYISO market? For example, at what level should a carbon price be set and when/how should it be adjusted? How should the revenues generated by such a price be used? What impact (if any) will it have on the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and New York’s Clean Energy Standard? This working paper explores answers to those questions with due consideration for two contextual frames. The first is federal law, specifically the Federal Power Act, as interpreted by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the courts The second is New York’s energy marketplace, meaning both the physical and economic arrangement of generation and transmission resources vis-à-vis load centers, and the state’s ongoing efforts to reconfigure and decarbonize its portion of the electric grid by encouraging greater uses of information technology, energy efficiency, and distributed energy resources. Importantly, features of this second frame are both flexible and responsive to steps NYISO might take — as the New York Public Service Commission said in its Order adopting the Clean Energy Standard in August 2016, “the Zero Emissions Credit mechanism [established as part of the Clean Energy Standard] shall be such that it can be modified or eliminated by the Commission if there is a national, NYISO, or other program instituted that pays for or internalizes the value of the zero-emissions attributes.” This paper is especially timely because NYISO’s Integrating Public Policy Project (IPPP) has begun to “investigate potential market impacts from the implementation of the New York Clean Energy Standard, and determine whether other wholesale products or alternatives for incorporating the cost of carbon into the wholesale market could improve market efficiency and address potential market impacts.” By exploring legal constraints and options, the authors intend to help inform that investigation’s progress.
A Use Case of Big Data
Creators: name: Dong, LingLing
name: Frearson, Nicholas P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ice sheets--Remote sensing
subject: Science--Data processing
subject: Big data
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Modern science significantly depends on data and data technologies to quantitatively describe the objects under research. In our polar research, we employ a sophisticated set of instruments to study the ice-sheets. The data we collect and process comes to more than 100 TB a year across several physically distinct campaigns. This can be defined as big data. The technologies we apply through the phases of data collection, analysis, visualization, modelling, publication, and archiving invoke some new big-data machinery that we would like to share and discuss with other colleagues in different fields.
On the margins of minority life: Zoroastrians and the state in Safavid Iran
Creators: name: Ghereghlou, Kioumars
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Religious minorities
Persecution
Zoroastrians
History

description: This article looks at the treatment of the Zoroastrians by central and provincial authorities in early modern Yazd, Kirman and Isfahan, emphasizing the institutional weaknesses of the central or khāsṣạ protection they were supposed to benefit from under the Safavids (907–1135/1501– 1722). It is argued that the maltreatment the Zoroastrians endured under the Safavids had little to do with religious bigotry. Rather, it arose from rivalries between the central and the provincial services of the Safavid bureaucracy, putting Zoroastrians in Yazd, Kirman, Sistan and Isfahan at risk of over-taxation, extortion, forced labour and religious persecution. The argument developed in this article pivots on the material interest of the central and the provincial agents of the Safavid bureaucracy in the revenue and labour potentials of the Zoroastrians, and the way in which the conflict of interest between these two sectors led to such acts of persecution as over-taxation, forced labour, extortion and violence
Additional file 1 of Payment mechanism for institutional births in Nepal
Creators: name: KC, Ashish
name: Målqvist, Mats
name: Bhandari, Amit
name: Gurung, Rejina
name: Basnet, Omkar
name: Sunny, Avinash K
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Additional Table. Distribution of Out of pocket expenditure for sick newborn care by hospital
Experiencing Structure in Penderecki’s Threnody: Analysis, Ear-Training, and Musical Understanding
Creators: name: Kozak, Mariusz S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Musical analysis
Musical pitch
Ear training
Music

description: Elliott Carter once extolled the visceral, primitive effect of Penderecki’s Threnody on untrained listeners. In this article, I examine how a formalized analytical approach to the central section of the piece contributes positively to a phenomenological experience of the whole piece. Part 1 presents an ear-training progression aimed at bringing to attention some important structural relationships between pitched elements of the passage, including pitch-space transformations that act on chordal-density compressions. Part 2 initially questions the relevance of transformational analysis––construed as an enactment of a particular kind of understanding––to the experience of Threnody, ultimately favoring a transformational hearing of the work. The conclusion points out how a rationalized ear-training allows a listener to chart an auditory course through the passage and how the resulting experience can illuminate a new way of conceptualizing Penderecki’s intricate sonic materials.
Atiyah classes with values in the truncated cotangent complex
Creators: name: Langholf, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove an explicit formula for the truncated Atiyah class of a bounded complex of vector bundles. Furthermore, we show that the first truncated Chern class of such a complex only depends on its determinant.
Biomolecular Events in Cancer Revealed by Attractor Metagenes
Creators: name: Cheng, Wei-Yi
name: Ou Yang, Tai-Hsien
name: Anastassiou, Dimitris
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Gene expression
Chromosomes
Breast--Cancer
Biochemistry

description: Mining gene expression profiles has proven valuable for identifying signatures serving as surrogates of cancer phenotypes. However, the similarities of such signatures across different cancer types have not been strong enough to conclude that they represent a universal biological mechanism shared among multiple cancer types. Here we present a computational method for generating signatures using an iterative process that converges to one of several precise attractors defining signatures representing biomolecular events, such as cell transdifferentiation or the presence of an amplicon. By analyzing rich gene expression datasets from different cancer types, we identified several such biomolecular events, some of which are universally present in all tested cancer types in nearly identical form. Although the method is unsupervised, we show that it often leads to attractors with strong phenotypic associations. We present several such multi-cancer attractors, focusing on three that are prominent and sharply defined in all cases: a mesenchymal transition attractor strongly associated with tumor stage, a mitotic chromosomal instability attractor strongly associated with tumor grade, and a lymphocyte-specific attractor.
Advice for Job Interviewing and Salary Negotiation
Creators: name: Marquart, Matthea S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Employment interviewing
Wages
Social work education
Social service
Education

description: This workshop was presented for the Social Work Administration and Management student caucus at Columbia University's School of Social Work on March 23, 2016, for students in the Social Enterprise Administration and Advanced Generalist Programming and Practice tracks. It covered 1) job interviewing basics, 2) job interviewing tips, 3) salary negotiation, 4) role plays and debrief. Thank you to the event organizers Yaya Yuan and Samantha Green, and the SWAM caucus.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of some aspects in supervised cell type identification for single-cell RNA-seq: classifier, feature selection, and reference construction
Creators: name: Ma, Wenjing
name: Su, Kenong
name: Wu, Hao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary note section S1-S5, Table S1-S3 and Figures S1-S16.
title: Traumatic laceration of the rectum after blunt trauma. Key sonographic and CT findings
Creators: name: Margariti, Persefoni
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Trauma
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 39-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with acute and exacerbating pain in the hypogastrium following a jet ski crash. The woman also presented with rectal bleeding, with its onset just after the accident.

description: 39 years, female
Symmetry Breaking Bulk Effects in Local D-brane Models
Creators: name: Maharana, Anshuman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study symmetry breaking effects in local D-brane models that arise as a result of compactification, taking models constructed on C^3/Z_3 as prototype. Zero-modes of the Lichnerowicz operator in cone-like geometries have a power law behaviour; thus the leading symmetry breaking effects are captured by the modes with the lowest scaling dimension which transform non-trivially under the isometry group. Combining this with the fact that global symmetries in local models are gauged upon compactification we determine the strength and form of the leading operators responsible for the symmetry breaking. We find a hierarchical separation in the size of symmetry breaking parameters.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure; v2 typos removed; v3 JHEP version
title: Clara Elisabeth Freiesleben
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Clara Elisabeth Freiesleben as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Social Factors and Leukocyte DNA Methylation of Repetitive Sequences: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Subramanyam, Malavika A.
name: Diez-Roux, Ana V.
name: Pilsner, J. Richard
name: Villamor, Eduardo
name: Donohue, Kathleen M.
name: Liu, Yongmei
name: Jenny, Nancy S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atherosclerosis
subject: Atherosclerosis--Genetic aspects
subject: Epigenetics
subject: Social stratification
subject: DNA--Methylation
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Epigenetic changes are a potential mechanism contributing to race/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in health. However, there is scant evidence of the race/ethnic and socioeconomic patterning of epigenetic marks. We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Stress Study (N = 988) to describe age- and gender- independent associations of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) with methylation of Alu and LINE-1 repetitive elements in leukocyte DNA. Mean Alu and Line 1 methylation in the full sample were 24% and 81% respectively. In multivariable linear regression models, African-Americans had 0.27% (p<0.01) and Hispanics 0.20% (p<0.05) lower Alu methylation than whites. In contrast, African-Americans had 0.41% (p<0.01) and Hispanics 0.39% (p<0.01) higher LINE-1 methylation than whites. These associations remained after adjustment for SES. In addition, a one standard deviation higher wealth was associated with 0.09% (p<0.01) higher Alu and 0.15% (p<0.01) lower LINE-1 methylation in age- and gender- adjusted models. Additional adjustment for race/ethnicity did not alter this pattern. No associations were observed with income, education or childhood SES. Our findings, from a large community-based sample, suggest that DNA methylation is socially patterned. Future research, including studies of gene-specific methylation, is needed to understand better the opposing associations of Alu and LINE-1 methylation with race/ethnicity and wealth as well as the extent to which small methylation changes in these sequences may influence disparities in health.
Estimation of Total Body Skeletal Muscle Mass in Chinese Adults: Prediction Model by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Creators: name: Zhao, Xinyu
name: Wang, ZiMian
name: Zhang, Junyi
name: Hua, Jianming
name: He, Wei
name: Zhu, Shankuan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Muscles
Chinese--Health and hygiene
Human anatomy
Musculoskeletal system
Biology

description: Background: There are few reports on total body skeletal muscle mass (SM) in Chinese. The objective of this study is to establish a prediction model of SM for Chinese adults.

Methodology: Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and SM by magnetic resonance image (MRI) in 66 Chinese adults (52 men and 14 women). Images of MRI were segmented into compartments including intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and IMAT-free SM. Regression was used to fit the prediction model SM = c + k × ALST. Age and gender were adjusted in the fitted model. The piece-wise linear function was performed to further explore the effect of age on SM. ‘Leave-One-Out Cross Validation’ was utilized to evaluate the prediction performance. The significance of observed differences between predicted and actual SM was tested by t test and the level of agreement was assessed by the method of Bland and Altman.

Results: Men had greater ALST and IMAT-free SM than women. ALST was the primary predictor and highly correlated with IMAT-free SM (R2 = 0.94, SEE = 1.11 kg, P<0.001). Age was an additional predictor (SM prediction model with age adjusted R2 = 0.95, SEE = 1.05 kg, P<0.001). There was a piece-wise linear relationship between age and IMAT-free SM: IMAT-free SM = 1.21×ALST−0.98, (Age <45 years) and IMAT-free SM = 1.21×ALST−0.98−0.04× (Age−45), (Age ≥45years). The prediction performance of this age-adjusted model was good due to ‘Leave-One-Out Cross Validation’. No significant difference between measured and predicted IMAT-free SM was detected.

Conclusion: Previous SM prediction model developed in multi-ethnic groups underestimated SM by 2.3% and 3.4% for Chinese men and women. A new prediction model by DXA has been established to predict SM in Chinese adults.
Exact real-time dynamics of the quantum Rabi model
Creators: name: Wolf, F. Alexander
name: Kollar, Marcus
name: Braak, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the analytical solution of the quantum Rabi model to obtain absolutely convergent series expressions of the exact eigenstates and their scalar products with Fock states. This enables us to calculate the numerically exact time evolution of and for all regimes of the coupling strength, without truncation of the Hilbert space. We find a qualitatively different behavior of both observables which can be related to their representations in the invariant parity subspaces.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, published version
title: Gottfried Freitag (Freytag)
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Gottfried Freitag (Freytag) as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Early childhood before, during and after war and displacement in northern Uganda
Creators: name: McElroy, Theresa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Background: Research from numerous fields of science is providing strong evidence demonstrating that the conditions young children live within mould their health and developmental trajectories. While science and policy call for nurturing environments to preserve developmental potential, the current global reality is that war and civil unrest displace millions of children from their homes, desecrating their social supports and environments. Furthermore, little research has drawn attention to the experience of the youngest children during and after war. Objective: To holistically document the environments of young children (0 to 3 years) before, during and after a 20-year war and mass internal displacement in northern Uganda in order to deepen current understandings, address research gaps and inform interventions. Methods: This applied ethnography used purposive sampling in three sites of the Amuru District over a one-year period. Interviews, focus groups, longitudinal case studies, participant observation, document review, and photo documentation with young children, caregivers (siblings, parents, and others) and community leaders explored multiple views on early childhood health and development. Results: War and displacement seriously thwarted caregivers from employing their extensive knowledge and traditional care practices that protected and nurtured their young children in rural agrarian communities. Young children were exposed to numerous, cumulative factors that previous research has documented as risks to well-being and long-term developmental potential. This risk persisted well into post-conflict resettlement. However, despite dire conditions, there were also factors that acted to protect children and examples of children’s healthy functioning. Conclusions: Disrupted social structures and environments appear to influence young children's health and developmental futures in all phases of war, displacement and resettlement. Results suggest that the efforts by state and the international community to mitigate risk and promote positive development for vulnerable young children were insufficient and incommensurate with the degree of evidence supporting the critical importance of the early years. Future efforts must build on local culture and address the most relevant and pressing needs of children in close collaboration with families and communities. The rebuilding of healthy, peaceful societies depends upon the preservation of the immense human capital and boundless potential within children.
Additional file 10 of Y chromosomal noncoding RNAs regulate autosomal gene expression via piRNAs in mouse testis
Creators: name: Reddy, Hemakumar M.
name: Bhattacharya, Rupa
name: Tiwari, Shrish
name: Mishra, Kankadeb
name: Annapurna, Pranatharthi
name: Jehan, Zeenath
name: Praveena, Nissankararao Mary
name: Alex, Jomini Liza
name: Dhople, Vishnu M.
name: Singh, Lalji
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Mahadevan
name: Chaturvedi, Anurag
name: Rangaraj, Nandini
name: Shiju, Thomas Michael
name: Sreedevi, Badanapuram
name: Kumar, Sachin
name: Dereddi, Ram Reddy
name: Rayabandla, Sunayana M.
name: Jesudasan, Rachel A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10: Figure S5. Comparative quantification of deregulated proteins and genes in XYRIII and XYRIIIqdel mice. A Graph represents the mean intensity (arbitrary units) observed on comparing five sets of gels after normalization against control spots (equal expression), from XYRIII and XYRIIIqdel sperm proteome for the differentially expressed protein spots in the pI range of 4-7. Error bars represent the standard deviation. B Western blotting to confirm the expression levels of two proteins (D4 and D5) identified on 2D-gels; differential expression is observed in sperms (RT - XYRIII testis, YT - XYRIIIqdel testis, RS - XYRIII sperm, YS - XYRIIIqdel sperm). The lower sub-panel for all blots is the loading control using Tubulin. C represents the relative expression level of different testis genes in XYRIIIqdel in comparison with XYRIII, performed using qPCR. Values represent mean ± SEM (n = 6). Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test to compare each gene between the two groups and the level of significance is represented as ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05. Significant increase in expression was observed in Calreticulin (P = 0.006), Sdf2l1 (P = 0.002), Mast (P = 0.04) and Spink2 variant 2 (P = 0.01) in XYRIIIqdel compared to XYRIII mice. Meanwhile, no change in expression was observed in spot A Riken cDNA and Spink2 variant 3 between both the groups. D Northern blot analysis of Sod and Fabp9 in brain, testis and ovary. Both the genes show upregulated expression in XYRIIIqdel testis compared to XYRIII. There is no detectable expression in brain and ovary. (RB- XYRIII brain, YB- XYRIIIqdel brain; RT- XYRIII testis, YT- XYRIIIqdel testis; FB- Female brain, Ov- ovary, M- marker).
title: Eugène-Henri Fricx
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Eugène-Henri Fricx as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Association between Selected Oral Pathogens and Gastric Precancerous Lesions
Creators: name: Salazar, Christian Ricardo
name: Sun, Jinghua
name: Li, Yihong
name: Francois, Fritz
name: Corby, Patricia
name: Perez-Perez, Guillermo
name: Dasanayake, Ananda
name: Pei, Zhiheng
name: Chen, Yu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Precancerous conditions
subject: Teeth--Diseases
subject: Pathogenic bacteria
subject: Periodontal disease
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: We examined whether colonization of selected oral pathogens is associated with gastric precancerous lesions in a cross-sectional study. A total of 119 participants were included, of which 37 were cases of chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, or dysplasia. An oral examination was performed to measure periodontal indices. Plaque and saliva samples were tested with real-time quantitative PCR for DNA levels of pathogens related to periodontal disease (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and dental caries (Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus). There were no consistent associations between DNA levels of selected bacterial species and gastric precancerous lesions, although an elevated but non-significant odds ratio (OR) for gastric precancerous lesions was observed in relation to increasing colonization of A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 1.36 for one standard deviation increase, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.87–2.12), P. gingivalis (OR = 1.12, 0.67–1.88) and T. denticola (OR = 1.34, 0.83–2.12) measured in plaque. To assess the influence of specific long-term infection, stratified analyses by levels of periodontal indices were conducted. A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly associated with gastric precancerous lesions (OR = 2.51, 1.13–5.56) among those with ≥ median of percent tooth sites with PD≥3 mm, compared with no association among those below the median (OR = 0.86, 0.43–1.72). A significantly stronger relationship was observed between the cumulative bacterial burden score of periodontal disease-related pathogens and gastric precancerous lesions among those with higher versus lower levels of periodontal disease indices (p-values for interactions: 0.03–0.06). Among individuals with periodontal disease, high levels of colonization of periodontal pathogens are associated with an increased risk of gastric precancerous lesions.