Murphydoris adusta Paz-Sedano & Smirnoff & Candás & Gosliner & Pola 2022, SP. NOV.
Creators: name: Paz-Sedano, Sofía
name: Smirnoff, Dimitri
name: Candás, María
name: Gosliner, Terrence M.
name: Pola, Marta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Nudibranchia
Goniodorididae
Murphydoris
Murphydoris adusta

description: MURPHYDORIS ADUSTA SP. NOV.
(FIGS 2A, B, 3A–C, 4A–D)
‘ Goniodoris aspersa ’ – Debelius & Kuiter (2007: 28). ‘ Goniodoridella sp. ’ – Su et al. (2009: 457, fig. 11B). ‘ Goniodoridella sp. 6 ’ – Gosliner et al. (2015: 133). ‘ Goniodoridella sp. 6 ’ – Gosliner et al. (2018: 51). ‘ Goniodoridella sp. 3 ’ – Nakano (2018: 166).
Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: A6372BF6-E947-4470-9B1D-D22A9AB5FE58.
Material examined: Holotype. QMMO 85985 (Australia, Queensland, La Balsa Park, Mooloolah River, 26°41′S, 153°08′E, 3–6 m depth; coll. G. Cobb, 29 September 2019), one preserved specimen, 3 mm long, dissected. Paratypes. MNCN 15.05 /200143 – MNCN 15.05 /200148, WAM S72660, QMMO 85986 – QMMO 85988; QMMO 85995 (Australia, Queensland, La Balsa Park, Mooloolah River, 26°41′S, 153°08′E, 3–6 m depth; coll. G. Cobb). MNCN 15.05 /200143 (29 September 2019), one preserved specimen, 2 mm long, dissected (SEM: Radula). MNCN 15.05 /200144 (Fig. 3B, C) (29 September 2019), one preserved specimen 2 mm long, dissected (SEM: Radula). MNCN 15.05 /200145 (29 September 2019), one preserved specimen, 3 mm long, dissected (SEM: Radula). MNCN 15.05 /200146 (28 November 2019), one preserved specimen, 5 mm long. MNCN 15.05 /200147 (28 November 2019), one preserved specimen, 5 mm long, dissected (SEM: Radula, penis). MNCN 15.05 /200148 (5 December 2019) one preserved specimen, 10 mm long, dissected (SEM: Radula). WAM S72660 (Figs 1, 2A) (2 May 2018), one preserved specimen, 5 mm long. QMMO 85986 (Fig. 4D) (2019), one preserved specimen, 4 mm long, dissected (SEM: Radula, labial cuticle, penis). QMMO 85987 (2019), one preserved specimen, 3 mm long, dissected (SEM: Radula). QMMO 85988 (29 September 2019), two specimens. QMMO 85995 (Figs 2B, 4A, C) (11 December 2019), one preserved specimen, 4 mm long, dissected (SEM: Radula, labial cuticle). CASIZ 177775 (Philippines, Batangas Province, Tingloy, Maricaban Island, Aphol’s Rock, 13°45′41.74′′N, 121°23′0.56′′E; coll. T. M. Gosliner, 23 April 2008). CASIZ 186117 (Philippines, Batangas Province, Calumpan Peninsula, Mabini, Murals dive site, 13°41′56.472′′N, 120°52′57.719′′E; coll. D. Raymundo, 4 May 2011). CASIZ 181290 (Fig. 4B) (Philippines, Luzon, Batangas Province, Mabini, Mainit Bubbles dive site, 13°41.155′N, 120°53.713′E; coll. T. M. Gosliner, 21 May 2009), dissected (SEM: Radula).
Distribution: Indian Ocean to Indonesia, western Pacific Ocean; Madagascar (Gosliner et al., 2015, 2018); Indonesia: Palau Sangeang (Anderson, 2021) and Bali (Debelius & Kuiter, 2007); Philippines: Batangas (Femia Marzo, 2014; present study) and Negros Oriental (Tillen, 2015); Taiwan: Penghu (Su et al., 2009); Japan: Izu Peninsula (Nakano, 2018); Australia: New South Wales (Mayes, 2020) and Queensland (Cobb, 2017; present study).
Ecology: The species is found from 1 m (Gosliner et al., 2015, 2018) to up to 21 m depth (Femia Marzo, 2014). It has been found on red algae (Mayes, 2020) and under coral rubble (Gosliner et al., 2015, 2018). Murphydoris adusta feeds on compound tunicates (Gosliner et al., 2015, 2018).
Etymology: From Latin adustus, perfect participle passive of aduro, brown. Murphydoris adusta refers to the dark brown colour of the body.
External morphology (Figs 2A, B, 3A): Preserved specimens between 2 and 3 mm length. Body elongated and narrow. Foot tapered at posterior end, with slightly rounded edge at anterior part. Foot narrow, does not protrude from sides of notum. Notal border well developed, with thickened edge at anterior part around head, continuing with slightly serrated margin, supported by internal spicules. Gill located at posterior two-thirds of body. Three bipinnate gill branches arise from common base. Middle branch larger with wider and rounded tip (Fig. 3A). Dorsal or lateral papillae absent. Rhinophores non-retractile and smooth, located at anterior part of body. Rhinophoral sheath absent. Mouth displaced towards ventral zone, lacking oral tentacles. Reproductive opening located halfway up right side. Whole body, including lateral processes, covered by dense network of spicules.
Colour pattern (Fig. 2A, B): Body chocolate brown with patches between pale blue and iridescent white. Edge of notum same colour as patches with discontinuous pale-yellow coloration at border. Middle dorsal part of the body with transversal iridescent white line and yellow patch on each side. Anteriormost part of head iridescent white with chocolate brown band in middle. Rhinophores with same coloration as body. Gill branches translucent white with yellow tips, sometimes more striking on larger middle branch. Thin line of iridescent white arises from each gill base that join at beginning of tail, continuing with wide iridescent white dorsal band until end of tail. Yellowish pigmentation may be present. Foot blueish with small brown spots.
Foregut anatomy (Figs 3B, 4A–C): Buccal bulb muscular. Dorsal buccal pump elongated posteriorly (Fig. 3B). Radular sac short, descending ventrally and expanding posteriorly. Thin oesophagus originates at buccal bulb behind buccal pump. Nervous system surrounds this area. Oesophagus becomes wider and continues with oesophageal pump. One small and rounded salivary gland on each side, at the junction of oesophagus and buccal pump (Fig. 3B). Labial cuticle surrounds lips and expands within buccal pump. Radular formula 11–13 × 1.0.1. Lateral tooth large and robust, with two upper rounded cusps (Fig. 4A, B). Thick masticatory margin. Masticatory margin with few, small, thin denticles (Fig. 4C). Base of the teeth wide and straight (Fig. 4A, B). Outer lateral teeth absent.
Reproductive system (Figs 3C, 4D): Reproductive system located at anterior-third of body. Thin, elongate hermaphroditic duct begins at ovotestis, located inside digestive-hermaphroditic gland. Hermaphroditic duct expands into large, bean-shaped ampulla. Thin post-ampullary duct enters in female gland mass and divides into the prostatic portion of vas deferens and oviduct. Prostate large, wide and elongated, narrowing and continuing as long vas deferens, ending in penial sac at most distal part. Penial sac short and spherical. Penis armed. Penial spines hooked at base, long and thin at most distal part (Fig. 4D). Vagina wide and short, followed by rounded bursa copulatrix. From base of bursa arises a thin duct that connects with elongated receptaculum seminis. Thin and long uterine duct arises at distal part of vagina and enters in female gland mass.
Remarks: Murphydoris adusta and M. singaporensis share brownish coloration (Sigurdsson, 1991; Swennen & Buatip, 2012), but M. singaporensis is translucent with reddish-brown blotches (Sigurdsson, 1991; Swennen & Buatip, 2012), while M. adusta has brown colour with pale blue, iridescent white and yellow in different parts of the body. Moreover, M. adusta has a prolonged edge at the anterior part of the notal border, whereas M. singaporensis lacks this (Sigurdsson, 1991; Swennen & Buatip, 2012). Internally, M. adusta has only one row of teeth per side, which have two cusps, while M. singaporensis has one inner and one outer lateral tooth and the inner teeth have only a single cusp (Swennen & Buatip, 2012; Paz-Sedano et al., 2021b). Moreover, the denticles of the masticatory margin are bigger and more numerous in M. singaporensis (PazSedano et al., 2021b) than in M. adusta. Regarding the reproductive system, in M. singaporensis there is a duct arising from the base of the bursa copulatrix connecting with the uterine duct (Swennen & Buatip, 2012; PazSedano et al., 2021b), whereas in M. adusta the uterine duct begins at the middle of the vagina (Table 3).
description: Published as part of Paz-Sedano, Sofía, Smirnoff, Dimitri, Candás, María, Gosliner, Terrence M. & Pola, Marta, 2022, Rediscovering the overlooked genus Murphydoris (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae): the first phylogeny and addition of four new species, pp. 250-269 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on pages 254-259, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac002, http://zenodo.org/record/7037692