cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
OPERATIONAL APPLICATION OF THE FULL LANDSAT TIMESERIES TO SERVICE INDUSTRY IN THE AUSTRALIAN RANGELANDS
Creators: name: Scarth, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90905 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 70107 Farming Systems Research
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences

description: Significant progress has been made in the development of cover data and derived products based on linking extensive field data to the full MODIS, Landsat and Sentinel-2 archives across Australia. These have led to the development of biophysical products tailored for the Australian Rangelands that are now used for quantifying and monitoring grazing land condition These grazing land management products include fractional cover, fractional ground cover and persistent green state and trend products, as well as burnt area mapping. They also underpin several rangeland-specific information products used to assess the state and trends in rangeland environments; bare and green cover deciles to report on the current and historical condition of the grazing resource; and custom anomaly products to compare past and current conditions against a known baseline period.To facilitate the interrogation and summarisation of these massive earth observation data sets in an accessible producer friendly way, a series of time series enabled web mapping and customised web processing services were developed, enabling the full time series over any spatial extent to be retrieved in seconds. These tools are being used by landholders monitoring paddock conditions, organisations supporting land management initiatives in the rangelands and Great Barrier Reef catchments, and researchers developing tools to understand land condition, degradation and human health across all of Australia.
Nuclear Structure of Bound States of Asymmetric Dark Matter
Creators: name: Gresham, Moira I.
name: Lou, Hou Keong
name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of Asymmetric Dark Matter (ADM) with a sufficiently attractive and long-range force gives rise to stable bound objects, analogous to nuclei in the Standard Model, called nuggets. We study the properties of these nuggets and compute their profiles and binding energies. Our approach, applicable to both elementary and composite fermionic ADM, utilizes relativistic mean field theory, and allows a more systematic computation of nugget properties, over a wider range of sizes and force mediator masses, compared to previous literature. We identify three separate regimes of nugget property behavior corresponding to (1) non-relativistic and (2) relativistic constituents in a Coulomb-like limit, and (3) saturation in an anti-Coulomb limit when the nuggets are large compared to the force range. We provide analytical descriptions for nuggets in each regime. Through numerical calculations, we are able to confirm our analytic descriptions and also obtain smooth transitions for the nugget profiles between all three regimes. We also find that over a wide range of parameter space, the binding energy in the saturation limit is an ${\cal O}(1)$ fraction of the constituent's mass, significantly larger than expectations in the non-relativistic case. In a companion paper, we apply our results to synthesis of ADM nuggets in the early Universe.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, 1 appendix
Translanguaging instances in the Greek linguistic landscape in times of crisis
Creators: name: Gogonas, Nikos
name: Maligkoudi, Christina
Publisher: name: Journal of Applied Linguistics
Year: 2019

description: In this article we discuss the concept of translanguaging in relation to the theory of linguistic landscape in the Greek context in times of economic and political crisis. In particular, we look at instances in Greek public spaces where there is a combination of linguistic resources. The instances used in this paper have a political and ideological meaning that is strongly related with the current economic and political situation in Greece, while these instances also show a creative dimension of different linguistic forms and resources. Public translanguaging instances in today’s multilingual Greece is a research area that has not been examined yet in the relevant literature. Thus, the aim of the present paper is to show the dynamics that translanguaging has taken over the past years in the multilingual context of the Greek society.
description: Journal of Applied Linguistics, Αρ. 32 (2019)
Retardation Effects in Atom-Wall Interactions
Creators: name: Das, T.
name: Ullrich, C. A.
name: Jentschura, U. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The onset of retardation effects in atom-wall interactions is studied. It is shown that the transition range from the 1/z^3 short-range (van der Waals) interaction to the 1/z^4 long-range (Casimir) retarded interaction critically depends on the atomic properties and on the dielectric function of the material. For simple non-alkali atoms (e.g., ground-state hydrogen and ground-state helium) interacting with typical dielectric materials such as intrinsic silicon, the transition to the retarded regime is shown to proceed at a distance of about 10 nm (200 Bohr radii). This is much shorter than typical characteristic absorption wavelengths of solids. Larger transition regimes are obtained for atoms with a large static polarizability such as metastable helium. We present a simple estimate for the critical distance, z_cr=137*(α(0)/Z)^(1/2) atomic units, where alpha(0) is the static polarizability (expressed in atomic units) and Z is the number of electrons of the atom.
description: 10 pages; RevTeX
Predicting international students' academic success with vocabulary and intercultural communicative competence
Creators: name: Wang-Taylor, Yixin
name: Milton, James
Publisher: name: Journal of Applied Linguistics
Year: 2019

description: In the past few decades, the number of international Chinese students in Higher Education has increased rapidly. Recent studies have found that despite international Chinese students attaining the required language level for entry to courses, they are still facing many difficulties in conducting their academic activities. The aim of the current study is to identify a factor that can better predict international Chinese students’ academic performance in addition to vocabulary knowledge. This study is an attempt to use an interdisciplinary approach to combine a linguistic factor, vocabulary knowledge, with the non-linguistic factor, intercultural communicative competence in explaining performance. The results reveal that intercultural communicative competence can explain over 30% of students’ academic performance at the end of the academic year. It is concluded that when students’ English language proficiency is high, it is the understanding of the culture and the communication with the local people, which is more important in these international Chinese students’ abroad study.
description: Journal of Applied Linguistics, Αρ. 32 (2019)
Micro-magnets for coherent control of spin-charge qubit in lateral quantum dots
Creators: name: Pioro-Ladriere, M.
name: Tokura, Y.
name: Obata, T.
name: Kubo, T.
name: Tarucha, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A lateral quantum dot design for coherent electrical manipulation of a two-level spin-charge system is presented. Two micron-size permanent magnets integrated to high-frequency electrodes produce a static slanting magnetic field suitable for voltage controlled single qubit gate operations. Stray field deviation from the slanting form is taken into account in the Hamiltonian describing the two-level system, which involves hybridization of a single electron spin to the quantum dot's orbitals. Operation speed and gate fidelity are related to device parameters. Sub 100 ns $π$ pulse duration can be achieved with lattice fluctuations coherence time of 4 ms for GaAs.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in App. Phys. Lett
Enabling Intelligent Vehicular Networks Through Distributed Learning in the Non-Terrestrial Networks 6G Vision
Creators: name: Naseh, David
name: Shinde, Swapnil Sadashiv
name: Tarchi, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The forthcoming 6G-enabled Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is set to redefine conventional transportation networks with advanced intelligent services and applications. These technologies, including edge computing, Machine Learning (ML), and network softwarization, pose stringent requirements for latency, energy efficiency, and user data security. Distributed Learning (DL), such as Federated Learning (FL), is essential to meet these demands by distributing the learning process at the network edge. However, traditional FL approaches often require substantial resources for satisfactory learning performance. In contrast, Transfer Learning (TL) and Split Learning (SL) have shown effectiveness in enhancing learning efficiency in resource-constrained wireless scenarios like ITS. Non-terrestrial Networks (NTNs) have recently acquired a central place in the 6G vision, especially for boosting the coverage, capacity, and resilience of traditional terrestrial facilities. Air-based NTN layers, such as High Altitude Platforms (HAPs), can have added advantages in terms of reduced transmission distances and flexible deployments and thus can be exploited to enable intelligent solutions for latency-critical vehicular scenarios. With this motivation, in this work, we introduce the concept of Federated Split Transfer Learning (FSTL) in joint air-ground networks for resource-constrained vehicular scenarios. Simulations carried out in vehicular scenarios validate the efficacy of FSTL on HAPs in NTN, demonstrating significant improvements in addressing the demands of ITS applications.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Identification and evaluation of bioactive natural products as potential inhibitors of human microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4)
Creators: name: Taj Mohammad
name: Faez Iqbal Khan
name: Lobb, Kevin A.
name: Asimul Islam
name: Faizan Ahmad
name: Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) has recently been identified as a potential drug target for several complex diseases including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibition of MARK4 activity is an appealing therapeutic option to treat such diseases. Here, we have performed structure-based virtual high-throughput screening of 100,000 naturally occurring compounds from ZINC database against MARK4 to find its potential inhibitors. The resulted hits were selected, based on the binding affinities, docking scores and selectivity. Further, binding energy calculation, Lipinski filtration and ADMET prediction were carried out to find safe and better hits against MARK4. Best 10 compounds bearing high specificity and binding efficiency were selected, and their binding pattern to MARK4 was analyzed in detail. Finally, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation was performed to evaluate; the dynamics stability of MARK4-compound complex. In conclusion, these selected natural compounds from ZINC database might be potential leads against MARK4, and can further be exploited in drug design and development for associated diseases.
High-brilliance betatron gamma-ray source powered by laser-accelerated electrons
Creators: name: Ferri, Julien
name: Corde, Sébastien
name: Döpp, Andreas
name: Lifschitz, Agustin
name: Doche, Antoine
name: Thaury, Cédric
name: Phuoc, Kim ta
name: Mahieu, Benoit
name: Andriyash, Igor
name: Malka, Victor
name: Davoine, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in laser-driven plasma acceleration now enables the acceleration of electrons to several gigaelectronvolts. Taking advantage of these novel accelerators, ultra-short, compact and spatially coherent X-ray sources called betatron radiation have been developed and applied to high-resolution imaging. However, the scope of the betatron sources is limited by a low energy efficiency and a photon energy in the 10's of kiloelectronvolt range, which for example prohibits the use of these sources for probing dense matter. Here, based on three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we propose an original hybrid scheme that combines a low-density laser-driven plasma accelerator with a high-density beam-driven plasma radiator, and thereby considerably increases the photon energy and the radiated energy of the betatron source. The energy efficiency is also greatly improved, with about 1% of the laser energy transferred to the radiation, and the gamma-ray photon energy exceeds the megaelectronvolt range when using a 15 J laser pulse. This high-brilliance hybrid betatron source opens the way to a wide range of applications requiring MeV photons, such as the production of medical isotopes with photo-nuclear reactions, radiography of dense objects in the defense or industrial domains and imaging in nuclear physics.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Pineal gland transcriptomic profiling reveals the differential regulation of lncRNA and mRNA related to prolificacy in STH sheep with two FecB genotypes
Creators: name: Li, Chunyan
name: He, Xiaoyun
name: Zhang, Zijun
name: Ren, Chunhuan
name: Chu, Mingxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Distribution of DE lncRNAs on chromosomes in MM_FP vs ww_FP.
Excitation of Vortices in Semiconductor Microcavities
Creators: name: Liew, T C H
name: Kavokin, A V
name: Shelykh, I A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict that the transverse electric-magnetic polarization splitting of exciton-polaritons allows a simple technique for the generation of polariton vortices of winding number 2 in semiconductor microcavities. The vortices can be excited by circularly polarized light having no orbital angular momentum and observed as phase vortices in the opposite circular polarization or directly as linear polarization vortices. The prediction is explained by a simplified analytical linear model and shown fully with a numerical model based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equations, which includes the non-linear effects of polariton-polariton interactions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Full Phase Space Resonant Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Buhmann, Erik
name: Ewen, Cedric
name: Kasieczka, Gregor
name: Mikuni, Vinicius
name: Nachman, Benjamin
name: Shih, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physics beyond the Standard Model that is resonant in one or more dimensions has been a longstanding focus of countless searches at colliders and beyond. Recently, many new strategies for resonant anomaly detection have been developed, where sideband information can be used in conjunction with modern machine learning, in order to generate synthetic datasets representing the Standard Model background. Until now, this approach was only able to accommodate a relatively small number of dimensions, limiting the breadth of the search sensitivity. Using recent innovations in point cloud generative models, we show that this strategy can also be applied to the full phase space, using all relevant particles for the anomaly detection. As a proof of principle, we show that the signal from the R\&D dataset from the LHC Olympics is findable with this method, opening up the door to future studies that explore the interplay between depth and breadth in the representation of the data for anomaly detection.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Vacuum Selection by Collapsing
Creators: name: Maekawa, Nobuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk, we discuss the possibility that the vacuum is dynamically determined in the history of the universe. The point is that some of the bubbles with a certain vacuum shrink by the evolution of the universe via gravity and may become black holes. It is interesting that in many cases false vacua are favored in the context of cosmology. By using this argument, supersymmetry(SUSY), if it exists, can be broken cosmologically. This talk is based on Ref.[1].
description: 5 pages, Talk given at the conference on Cosmology and Particle Physics, CAPP2000(Verbier, Switzerland, July 17-28, 2000)
The association between outdoor light at night exposure and adult obesity in Northeastern China
Creators: name: Xu, Yu-Jie
name: Xie, Zhong-Yue
name: Gong, Yan-Chen
name: Wang, Le-Bing
name: Xie, Yin-Yu
name: Lin, Li-Zi
name: Zeng, Xiao-Wen
name: Yang, Bo-Yi
name: Zhang, Wangjian
name: Liu, Ru-Qing
name: Hu, Li-Wen
name: Chen, Gongbo
name: Dong, Guang-Hui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Previous studies have linked exposure to light at night (LAN) with various health outcomes, but evidence is limited for the LAN-obesity association. Thestudy analysed data from 24,845 participants of the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study and obesity (BMI ≥28 kg/m2) was defined according to the Working Group on Obesity in China. The Global Radiance Calibrated Nighttime Lights data were used to estimate participants’ LAN exposure. The mixed-effect regression models examined the LAN-BMI and LAN-obesity association. We found that higher LAN exposure was significantly associated with greater BMI and higher risk of obesity. Changes of BMI and the odds ratios (ORs) of obesity and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th against the 1st quartile of LAN exposure were 0.363 (0.208, 0.519), 0.364 (0.211, 0.516) and 0.217 (0.051, 0.383); 1.228 (1.099, 1.371), 1.356 (1.196, 1.538) and 1.269 (1.124, 1.433), respectively. Age and regular exercise showed significant modification effects on the LAN-obesity association.
title: Neue Wege in der Elternbildung
title: Erfahrungen mit digitalen Formaten und Vermittlungswegen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Buchebner-Ferstl, Sabine
name: Geserick, Christine
Publisher: name: University of Vienna. Project: Family Studies in Austria
Year: 2023
Subjects: Elternbildung
Digitalisierung
Online-Veranstaltung
Corona-Pandemie

description: Ziel der Studie war es, den reichhaltigen Erfahrungsschatz, der Anfang der 2020er Jahre in der Elternbildung im Hinblick auf digitale Angebote, Konzepte und Methoden gesammelt wurde, in strukturierter Weise zu erfassen und daraus Empfehlungen für eine künftige sinnvolle Integration digitaler Möglichkeiten und Zugangswege in der Elternbildung abzuleiten.
Measuring and modeling polymer gradients argues that spindle microtubules regulate their own nucleation
Creators: name: Kaye, Bryan
name: Stiehl, Olivia
name: Foster, Peter J.
name: Shelley, Michael J.
name: Needleman, Daniel J.
name: Fürthauer, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Spindles are self-organized microtubule-based structures that segregate chromosomes during cell division. The mass of the spindle is controlled by the balance between microtubule turnover and nucleation. The mechanisms that control the spatial regulation of microtubule nucleation remain poorly understood. Previous work has found that microtubule nucleators bind to microtubules in the spindle, but it is unclear if this binding regulates the activity of those nucleators. Here we use a combination of experiments and mathematical modeling to investigate this issue. We measure the concentration of tubulin and microtubules in and around the spindle. We found a very sharp decay in microtubules at the spindle interface, which is inconsistent with the activity of microtubule nucleators being independent of their association with microtubules and consistent with a model in which microtubule nucleators are only active when bound to a microtubule. This strongly argues that the activity of microtubule nucleators is greatly enhanced when bound to microtubules. Thus, microtubule nucleators are both localized and activated by the microtubules they generate.
title: Warum am Läusehügel keine Läuse hüpfen: Flurnamenforschung mit Kindern und Erwachsenen
Creators: name: Dunse, Antje
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Flurnamenforschung
subject: Heimatpflege
subject: 430

description: 25 Jahre Flurnamenforschung in Thüringen
LimberJack.jl: auto-differentiable methods for angular power spectra analyses
Creators: name: Ruiz-Zapatero, J.
name: Alonso, D.
name: García-García, C.
name: Nicola, A.
name: Mootoovaloo, A.
name: Sullivan, J. M.
name: Bonici, M.
name: Ferreira, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present LimberJack.jl, a fully auto-differentiable code for cosmological analyses of 2 point auto- and cross-correlation measurements from galaxy clustering, CMB lensing and weak lensing data written in Julia. Using Julia's auto-differentiation ecosystem, LimberJack.jl can obtain gradients for its outputs up to an order of magnitude faster than traditional finite difference methods. This makes LimberJack.jl greatly synergistic with gradient-based sampling methods, such as Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, capable of efficiently exploring parameter spaces with hundreds of dimensions. We first prove LimberJack.jl's reliability by reanalysing the DES Y1 3$\times$2-point data. We then showcase its capabilities by using a O(100) parameters Gaussian Process to reconstruct the cosmic growth from a combination of DES Y1 galaxy clustering and weak lensing data, eBOSS QSO's, CMB lensing and redshift-space distortions. Our Gaussian process reconstruction of the growth factor is statistically consistent with the $Λ$CDM Planck 2018 prediction at all redshifts. Moreover, we show that the addition of RSD data is extremely beneficial to this type of analysis, reducing the uncertainty in the reconstructed growth factor by $20\%$ on average across redshift. LimberJack.jl is a fully open-source project available on Julia's general repository of packages and GitHub.
description: Accepted to OJA, corrected bug displaying wrong Fig. 9
A jet model for the broadband spectrum of XTE J1118+480: Synchrotron emission from radio to X-rays in the Low/Hard spectral state
Creators: name: Markoff, Sera
name: Falcke, Heino
name: Fender, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations have revealed strong evidence for powerful jets in the Low/Hard states of black hole candidate X-ray binaries. Correlations, both temporal and spectral, between the radio -- infrared and X-ray bands suggest that jet synchrotron as well as inverse Compton emission could also be significantly contributing at higher frequencies. We show here that, for reasonable assumptions about the jet physical parameters, the broadband spectrum from radio through X-rays can be almost entirely fit by synchrotron emission. We explore a relatively simple model for a relativistic, adiabatically expanding jet combined with a truncated thermal disk conjoined by an ADAF, in the context of the recently discovered black hole binary XTE J1118+480. In particular, the X-ray power-law emission can be explained as optically thin synchrotron emission from a shock acceleration region in the innermost part of the jet, with a cutoff determined by cooling losses. For synchrotron cooling-limited particle acceleration, the spectral cutoff is a function only of dimensionless plasma parameters and thus should be around a ``canonical'' value for sources with similar plasma properties. It is therefore possible that non-thermal jet emission is important for XTE J1118+480 and possibly other X-ray binaries in the Low/Hard state.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted for A&A Letters, reformatted and shortened to fit page limit, discusses "canonical 100 keV cutoff" and some minor changes, also available at http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/staff/hfalcke/publications.html#j1118
Prediction of size-selective permitted daily exposures for mineral oil mist based on an in vitro study in different scenarios
Creators: name: Moradpour, Zahra
name: Zendehdel, Rezvan
name: Hajipour-Verdom, Behnam
name: Abdolmaleki, Parviz
name: Khavanin, Ali
name: Shekarloo, Masoomeh Vahabi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: The incidence of DNA damage from exposure to specific types of metalworking fluids has been reported. In this research, size-selective permissible limits to prevent genotoxic damage in A549 cell lines exposed to two types of mineral oil were estimated for the first time using a benchmark dose approach and extrapolated to workers. The comet assay was performed based on Olive and Banath protocol to determine DNA damage. Then, the Benchmark Dose, the 95% lower bound confidence limit BMD, and the 95% upper-bound confidence limit BMD were determined using continuous response data. Finally, the four Benchmark Dose levels reported in the A549 cell line were extrapolated to the human population in occupational settings in two phases. This study showed when determining the permissible limits, the type used or unused, the type of injury, the organ affected in the body and the size of the particles should also be considered.
UTILISATION OF INDIGENOUS FRUIT TREE SPECIES WITHIN THE LAKE VICTORIA BASIN, RWANDA
Creators: name: Bigirimana, Celestin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 70101 Agricultural Land Management
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences

description: This study was conducted in Bugesera, Kirehe and Nyamagabe districts of Rwanda within the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) to document the available edible indigenous fruit trees (IFTs), prioritise IFTs, document the determinants for their preferences and examine local uses of the keystone IFTs. A total of 300 farmers familiar with IFTs were interviewed face to face using semi-structured questionnaires. A total of 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Questionnaire responses were coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS. Generated themes from qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. A total of 13 IFTs was recorded in the sampled districts. Highly prioritized IFTs were Ximenia caffra, Garcinia buchanani, Parinari curatellifolia, Pappea capensis, Anona senegalensis, Myrianthus holstii, Carisa edulis and Lannea schimperi. Age, occupation and income of the farmers significantly influenced preference of IFTs. Major uses of IFTs included food, medicine, firewood and timber. There is a need to include the preferred IFTs in the agricultural programme since they are perceived as valuable resources.
Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction across antiferromagnet / ferromagnet interface
Creators: name: Ma, Xin
name: Yu, Guoqiang
name: Razavi, Seyed A.
name: Sasaki, Stephen S.
name: Li, Xiang
name: Hao, Kai
name: Tolbert, Sarah H.
name: Wang, Kang L.
name: Li, Xiaoqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The antiferromagnet (AFM) / ferromagnet (FM) interfaces are of central importance in recently developed pure electric or ultrafast control of FM spins, where the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Here we report the direct observation of Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction (DMI) across the AFM/FM interface of IrMn/CoFeB thin films. The interfacial DMI is quantitatively measured from the asymmetric spin wave dispersion in the FM layer using Brillouin light scattering. The DMI strength is enhanced by a factor of 7 with increasing IrMn layer thickness in the range of 1- 7.5 nm. Our findings provide deeper insight into the coupling at AFM/FM interface and may stimulate new device concepts utilizing chiral spin textures such as magnetic skyrmions in AFM/FM heterostructures.
Concentration and non-dietary human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in soil of farms in Golestan province, Iran
Creators: name: Mahdavi, Vahideh
name: Heris, Mir-Ebrahim Solhi
name: Mehri, Fereshteh
name: Atamaleki, Ali
name: Farimani, Mahdi Moridi
name: Mahmudiono, Trias
name: Fakhri, Yadolah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Detection of pesticide residues in soil samples was conducted using UHPLC-MS/MS. Non-dietary health risk assessment was conducted using calculate chronic daily intake (CDI) from ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact pathways and following non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in the adults and adolescent. The rank order of pesticide in soil based on their concentration was malathion (0.082 mg kg−1)> cyproconazole (0.019 mg kg−1)> propargite (0.018 mg kg−1)> butachlor (0.016 mg kg−1) > chlorpyrifos (0.0067 mg kg−1)> diazinon (0.0014 mg kg−1)> imidacloprid (0.0007 mg kg−1). Hazard index (HI) values obtained of exposure to pesticides in soil in adults and adolescent were 0.0012 and 0.0035, respectively. Hence, exposed population are at the acceptable range of non-carcinogenic risk (HI < 1). Cancer risk (CR) values due to propargite in soil via ingestion pathway in adults and adolescent were 2.03E–09 and 2.08E–09, respectively; therefore, carcinogenic risk due to the exposure to pesticide contaminated soil was safe range (CR < 1E–06).
Phonon Sidebands in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Christiansen, Dominik
name: Selig, Malte
name: Berghäuser, Gunnar
name: Schmidt, Robert
name: Niehues, Iris
name: Schneider, Robert
name: Arora, Ashish
name: de Vasconcellos, Steffen Michaelis
name: Bratschitsch, Rudolf
name: Malic, Ermin
name: Knorr, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitons dominate the optical properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Besides optically accessible bright exciton states, TMDs exhibit also a multitude of optically forbidden dark excitons. Here, we show that efficient exciton-phonon scattering couples bright and dark states and gives rise to an asymmetric excitonic line shape. The observed asymmetry can be traced back to phonon-induced sidebands that are accompanied by a polaron redshift. We present a joint theory-experiment study investigating the microscopic origin of these sidebands in different TMD materials taking into account intra- and intervalley scattering channels opened by optical and acoustic phonons. The gained insights contribute to a better understanding of the optical fingerprint of these technologically promising nanomaterials.
Direct measurement of spin-flip rates in single-electron tunneling
Creators: name: Dani, Olfa
name: Hussein, Robert
name: Bayer, Johannes C.
name: Pierz, Klaus
name: Kohler, Sigmund
name: Haug, Rolf J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-flips are one of the limiting factors for spin-based information processing. We demonstrate a transport approach for determining the spin-flip rates of a self-assembled InAs double quantum dot occupied by a single electron. In such devices, different Landé factors lead to an inhomogeneous Zeeman splitting, so that the two spin channels can never be at resonance simultaneously, leading to a spin blockade at low temperatures. This blockade is analyzed in terms of spin flips for different temperatures and magnetic fields. Our results are in good agreement with a quantum master equation that combines the dot-lead couplings with ohmic dissipation stemming from spin-flip cotunneling.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Vortex stretching in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs
Creators: name: Regaly, Zs.
name: Vorobyov, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Horseshoe-shaped brightness asymmetries of several transitional discs are thought to be caused by large-scale vortices. Anticyclonic vortices are efficiently collect dust particles, therefore they can play a major role in planet formation. Former studies suggest that the disc self-gravity weakens vortices formed at the edge of the gap opened by a massive planet in discs whose masses are in the range of 0.01<=M_disc/M_*<=0.1. Here we present an investigation on the long-term evolution of the large-scale vortices formed at the viscosity transition of the discs' dead zone outer edge by means of two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations taking disc self-gravity into account. We perform a numerical study of low mass, 0.001<=M_disc/M_*<=0.01, discs, for which cases disc self-gravity was previously neglected. The large-scale vortices are found to be stretched due to disc self-gravity even for low-mass discs with M_disc/M_*>=0.005 where initially the Toomre Q-parameter was <=50 at the vortex distance. As a result of stretching, the vortex aspect ratio increases and a weaker azimuthal density contrast develops. The strength of the vortex stretching is proportional to the disc mass. The vortex stretching can be explained by a combined action of a non-vanishing gravitational torque caused by the vortex, and the Keplerian shear of the disc. Self-gravitating vortices are subject to significantly faster decay than non-self-gravitating ones. We found that vortices developed at sharp viscosity transitions of self-gravitating discs can be described by a GNG model as long as the disc viscosity is low, i.e. alpha_dz<=10^-5.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, appear in MNRAS
Cyclical interactions with alliance-specific heterogeneous invasion rates
Creators: name: Perc, Matjaz
name: Szolnoki, Attila
name: Szabo, Gyorgy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study a six-species Lotka-Volterra type system on different two-dimensional lattices when each species has two superior and two inferior partners. The invasion rates from predator sites to a randomly chosen neighboring prey's site depend on the predator-prey pair, whereby cyclic symmetries within the two three-species defensive alliances are conserved. Monte Carlo simulations reveal an unexpected non-monotonous dependence of alliance survival on the difference of alliance-specific invasion rates. This behavior is qualitatively reproduced by a four-point mean-field approximation. The study addresses fundamental problems of stability for the competition of two defensive alliances and thus has important implications in natural and social sciences.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Sonic hedgehog multimerization: A self-organizing event driven by post-translational modifications?
Creators: name: Koleva, Mirella V.
name: Rothery, Stephen
name: Spitaler, Martin
name: Neil, Mark A. A.
name: Magee, Anthony I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen active during vertebrate development and tissue homeostasis in adulthood. Dysregulation of the Shh signalling pathway is known to incite carcinogenesis. Due to the highly lipophilic nature of this protein imparted by two post-translational modifications, Shh’s method of transit through the aqueous extracellular milieu has been a long-standing conundrum, prompting the proposition of numerous hypotheses to explain the manner of its displacement from the surface of the producing cell. Detection of high molecular-weight complexes of Shh in the intercellular environment has indicated that the protein achieves this by accumulating into multimeric structures prior to release from producing cells. The mechanism of assembly of the multimers, however, has hitherto remained mysterious and contentious. Here, with the aid of high-resolution optical imaging and post-translational modification mutants of Shh, we show that the C-terminal cholesterol and the N-terminal palmitate adducts contribute to the assembly of large multimers and regulate their shape. Moreover, we show that small Shh multimers are produced in the absence of any lipid modifications. Based on an assessment of the distribution of various dimensional characteristics of individual Shh clusters, in parallel with deductions about the kinetics of release of the protein from the producing cells, we conclude that multimerization is driven by self-assembly underpinned by the law of mass action. We speculate that the lipid modifications augment the size of the multimolecular complexes through prolonging their association with the exoplasmic membrane.
Can power spectrum observations rule out slow-roll inflation?
Creators: name: Vieira, J. P. P.
name: Byrnes, Christian T.
name: Lewis, Antony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral index of scalar perturbations is an important observable that allows us to learn about inflationary physics. In particular, a detection of a significant deviation from a constant spectral index could enable us to rule out the simplest class of inflation models. We investigate whether future observations could rule out canonical single-field slow-roll inflation given the parameters allowed by current observational constraints. We find that future measurements of a constant running (or running of the running) of the spectral index over currently available scales are unlikely to achieve this. However, there remains a large region of parameter space (especially when considering the running of the running) for falsifying the assumed class of slow-roll models if future observations accurately constrain a much wider range of scales.
QUEST-DMC superfluid $^3$He detector for sub-GeV dark matter
Creators: name: Autti, S.
name: Casey, A.
name: Eng, N.
name: Darvishi, N.
name: Franchini, P.
name: Haley, R. P.
name: Heikkinen, P. J.
name: Jennings, A.
name: Kemp, A.
name: Leason, E.
name: Levitin, L. V.
name: Monroe, J.
name: March-Russel, J.
name: Noble, M. T.
name: Prance, J. R.
name: Rojas, X.
name: Salmon, T.
name: Saunders, J.
name: Smith, R.
name: Thompson, M. D.
name: Tsepelin, V.
name: West, S. M.
name: Whitehead, L.
name: Zavjalov, V. V.
name: Zmeev, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The focus of dark matter searches to date has been on Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in the GeV/$c^2$-TeV/$c^2$ mass range. The direct, indirect and collider searches in this mass range have been extensive but ultimately unsuccessful, providing a strong motivation for widening the search outside this range. Here we describe a new concept for a dark matter experiment, employing superfluid $^3$He as a detector for dark matter that is close to the mass of the proton, of order 1 GeV/$c^2$. The QUEST-DMC detector concept is based on quasiparticle detection in a bolometer cell by a nanomechanical resonator. In this paper we develop the energy measurement methodology and detector response model, simulate candidate dark matter signals and expected background interactions, and calculate the sensitivity of such a detector. We project that such a detector can reach sub-eV nuclear recoil energy threshold, opening up new windows on the parameter space of both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions of light dark matter candidates.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Published in EPJ-C
Towards optimal quantum tomography with unbalanced homodyning
Creators: name: Teo, Yong Siah
name: Jeong, Hyunseok
name: Sanchez-Soto, Luis L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Balanced homodyning, heterodyning and unbalanced homodyning are the three well-known sampling techniques used in quantum optics to characterize all possible photonic sources in continuous-variable quantum information theory. We show that for all quantum states and all observable-parameter tomography schemes, which includes the reconstructions of arbitrary operator moments and phase-space quasi-distributions, localized sampling with unbalanced homodyning is always tomographically more powerful (gives more accurate estimators) than delocalized sampling with heterodyning. The latter is recently known to often give more accurate parameter reconstructions than conventional marginalized sampling with balanced homodyning. This result also holds for realistic photodetectors with subunit efficiency. With examples from first- through fourth-moment tomography, we demonstrate that unbalanced homodyning can outperform balanced homodyning when heterodyning fails to do so. This new benchmark takes us one step towards optimal continuous-variable tomography with conventional photodetectors and minimal experimental components.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
The ALMA early science view of FUor/EXor objects - V: continuum disc masses and sizes
Creators: name: Cieza, Lucas A.
name: Ruiz-Rodriguez, Dary
name: Perez, Sebastian
name: Casassus, Simon
name: Williams, Jonathan P.
name: Zurlo, Alice
name: Principe, David A.
name: Hales, Antonio
name: Prieto, Jose L.
name: Tobin, John J.
name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
name: Marino, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-mass stars build a significant fraction of their total mass during short outbursts of enhanced accretion known as FUor and EXor outbursts. FUor objects are characterized by a sudden brightening of ~5 magnitudes at visible wavelengths within one year and remain bright for decades. EXor objects have lower amplitude outbursts on shorter timescales. Here we discuss a 1.3 mm ALMA mini-survey of eight outbursting sources (three FUor, four EXor, and the borderline object V1647 Ori) in the Orion Molecular Cloud. While previous papers in this series discuss the remarkable molecular outflows observed in the three FUor objects and V1647 Ori, here we focus on the continuum data and the differences and similarities between the FUor and EXor populations. We find that FUor discs are significantly more massive (~80-600 M_JUP) than the EXor objects (~0.5-40 M_JUP ). We also report that the EXor sources lack the prominent outflows seen in the FUor population. Even though our sample is small, the large differences in disc masses and outflow activity suggest that the two types of objects represent different evolutionary stages. The FUor sources seem to be rather compact (Rc < 20-40 au) and to have a smaller characteristic radius for a given disc mass when compared to T Tauri stars. V1118 Ori, the only known close binary systemin our sample, is shown to host a disc around each one of the stellar components. The disc around HBC 494 is asymmetric, hinting at a structure in the outer disc or the presence of a second disc.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication at MNRAS
Electron-Positron Cascade in Magnetospheres of Spinning Black Holes
Creators: name: Ford, Alexander L.
name: Keenan, Brett D.
name: Medvedev, Mikhail V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantitatively study the stationary, axisymmetric, force-free magnetospheres of spinning (Kerr) black holes (BHs) and the conditions needed for relativistic jets to be powered by the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. These jets could be from active galactic nuclei, blazars, quasars, micro-quasars, radio active galaxies, and other systems that host Kerr BHs. The structure of the magnetosphere determines how the BH energy is extracted, e.g., via Blandford-Znajek mechanism, which converts the BH rotational energy into Poynting flux. The key assumption is the force-free condition, which requires the presence of plasma with the density being above the Goldreich-Julian density. Unlike neutron stars, which in principle can supply electrons from the surface, BH cannot supply plasma at all. The plasma must be generated \em{in situ} via an electron-positron cascade, presumably in the gap region. Here we study varying conditions that provide a sufficient amount of plasma for the Blandford-Znajek mechanism to work effectively.