title: Comparative feasibility analysis of nuclear and solar power plant in Pakistan
title: final qualifying work of the master
titleType: Subtitle
title: Ð¡ÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³ÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð² ÐÐ°ÐºÐ¸ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ðµ
Creators: name: ÐÑÑ Ð°Ð¼Ð¼Ð°Ð´ ÐÐ°Ð°Ð· Ð¨ÐµÐ¹Ñ 
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2022
Subjects: ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ñ
Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ñ
ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ñ

description: Energy is essential for the human life. Solar energy is the most widely available renewable source, and has been used by humans since olden times. Solar energy that is not used by man is used by plants and other organisms in photosynthesis. In one year, the Sun delivers more than 10,000 times the energy that humans currently use, and almost twice the amount of energy that will ever be obtained from all of the planet's non-renewable resources. Nuclear energy is also a renewable source of energy. Nuclear energy comes from splitting atoms in a reactor to heat water into steam, turn a turbine and generate electricity, without carbon emissions because reactors use uranium, not fossil fuels. These plants are always on: well-operated to avoid interruptions and built to withstand extreme weather, supporting the grid 24/7. Focus is to evaluate the existing power generation sources to find out the most effective electricity generation system, which is low cost in investments, with a shorter investment recovery time, and can also produce energy at a lower cost, thereby enabling a country to provide low cost energy to its industry to positively impact on its economic growth. Our focus in this research is to do comparative analysis between nuclear and solar power through LCOE( Levelize cost of energy). Our search focuses on Pakistan and find out the cost effective method to produce electricity between Nuclear and Solar.
description: Ð­Ð½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð° Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐºÐ°. Ð¡Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÐ¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð»ÑÐ´ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½. Ð¡Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ, Ð½Ðµ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ·Ð°. ÐÐ° Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ Ð³Ð¾Ð´ Ð¡Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² 10 000 ÑÐ°Ð· Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸, ÑÐµÐ¼ Ð»ÑÐ´Ð¸ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÑÑ Ð² Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐµ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ, Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð² Ð´Ð²Ð° ÑÐ°Ð·Ð° Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸, ÑÐµÐ¼ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð°-Ð»Ð¸Ð±Ð¾ Ð±ÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð¸Ð· Ð²ÑÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð·Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½ÐµÑÑ. ÐÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÐ¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸. Ð¯Ð´ÐµÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð² Ð² ÑÐµÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐµ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÐµÐ²Ð° Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð² Ð¿Ð°Ñ, Ð²ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐ±Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð¸ Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð±ÐµÐ· Ð²ÑÐ±ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°, Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»ÑÐºÑ Ð² ÑÐµÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ°Ð½, Ð° Ð½Ðµ Ð¸ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾. Ð­ÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÐ³Ð´Ð° Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ: Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÑÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ¶Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ±Ð¾ÐµÐ² Ð² ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ, Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ°Ðº, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑÐºÑÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ, Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÐµÑÑ 24 ÑÐ°ÑÐ° Ð² ÑÑÑÐºÐ¸, 7 Ð´Ð½ÐµÐ¹ Ð² Ð½ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ñ. ÐÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐµ ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¹ÑÐ¸ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ±ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð¸Ð½Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸Ð¸, Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ¼ Ð¾ÐºÑÐ¿Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ð½Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸Ð¹, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ð½Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸, ÑÐµÐ¼ ÑÐ°Ð¼ÑÐ¼ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ðµ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÐµÐµ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ¾ÑÑ. ÐÐ°ÑÐ° ÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð² ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ â Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ LCOE (Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸). ÐÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¸ÑÐº ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½ Ð½Ð° ÐÐ°ÐºÐ¸ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ðµ Ð¸ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ²Ð° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸ÐµÐ¹.