cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ultra-peripheral collisions and hadronic structure
Creators: name: Klein, Spencer R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-peripheral collisions are the energy frontier for photon-mediated interactions, reaching, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), $γ-p$ center of mass energies five to ten times higher than at HERA and reaching $γγ$ energies higher than at LEP. Photoproduction of heavy quarkonium and dijets in $pp$ and $pA$ collisions probes the gluon distribution in protons at Bjorken-$x$ values down to $3\times10^{-6}$, far smaller than can be otherwise studied. In $AA$ collisions, these reactions probe the gluon distributions in heavy ions, down to $x$ values of a few $10^{-5}$. Although more theoretical work is needed to nail down all of the uncertainties, inclusion of these data in current parton distribution function fits would greatly improve the accuracy of the gluon distributions at low Bjorken-$x$ and low/moderate $Q^2$. High-statistics $ρ^0$ data probe the spatial distribution of the interaction sites; the site distribution is given by the Fourier transform of $dσ/dt$. After introducing UPCs, this review presents recent measurements of dilepton production and light-by-light scattering and recent data on proton and heavy nuclei structure, emphasizing results presented at Quark Matter 2017 (QM2017).
description: 8 pages, present at Quark Matter 2017 Final version, w/ 1 replaced figure and a few new references
“Nature Catched in the fact”: sperimentalismo e collezionismo antiquario-naturalistico nel Regno di Napoli, Veneto, Gran Bretagna tra XVIII e XIX secolo
Creators: name: Toscano, Maria
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: [ITALIANO] Il lavoro è volto a mettere in evidenza i legami tra scienze della terra ed antiquaria a fine Settecento, scaturiti e poi rafforzatisi con la nascita e lo sviluppo in senso moderno del concetto stesso di Storia Naturale e riscontrabili in maniera particolarmente evidente e fruttuosa nella diffusione dei testi illustrati, e soprattutto in una tipologia particolare di collezione (che appunto comprendeva reperti di valore antiquario ed esemplari lapidei). Queste caratteristiche si rendono evidenti in maniera eclatante all’interno di un gruppo specifico di intellettuali; una serie di personalità per lo più in diretto contatto tra loro, specialmente presenti in Veneto, Regno Unito e Regno di Napoli. Su quest’ultimo ambito geografico si ferma particolarmente l’attenzione, data la fitta e variegata presenza di questo tipo di intellettuali e la più totale assenza di studi specifici in proposito, a fronte invece della conoscenza del fenomeno in Veneto e in Gran Bretagna soprattutto. E tuttavia, attraverso un’analisi ravvicinata, si è tentato di individuare, anche per queste aree, alcuni nodi problematici che consistevano proprio nella mancanza di conoscenze relative alle permanenze, spesso lunghe, di questi intellettuali stranieri nel Regno di Napoli ed ai loro referenti in meridione, pure numerosi. / [ENGLISH] This work wants to bring out the close links between earth science and antiquary at the end of XVIII century. they were generated and defined by the diffusion of the modern concept of Natural History itself. These links emerge particularly in the diffusion of some illustrated books and in a specific kind of collection (with archaeological and geological elements) above all. These features are specially evident among a series of scholars, directly in contact with each other, most of them living in United Kingdom, Venetian State or Kingdom of Naples. This last area had been the main argument of the work, because of the deep diffusion of the phenomenon and the complete absence of specific studies about. In Great Britain and Venetian State, this kind of intellectuals had been certainly better studied and identified anyway, specially in the case of United Kingdom. However this work tries to individuate some interesting and obscure points as the intellectual relationships of these stranger scholars in Naples during and after their long journeys in southern Italy.
Galois actions on analytifications and tropicalizations
Creators: name: Foster, Tyler
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14T05, 11F23, 14G22

description: This paper initiates a research program that seeks to recover algebro-geometric Galois representations from combinatorial data. We study tropicalizations equipped with symmetries coming from the Galois-action present on the lattice of $1$-parameter subgroups inside ambient Galois-twisted toric varieties. Over a Henselian field, the resulting tropicalization maps become Galois-equivariant. We call their images Galois-equivariant tropicalizations, and use them to construct a large supply of Galois representations in the tropical cellular cohomology groups of Itenberg, Katzarkov, Mikhalkin, and Zharkov. We also prove two results which say that under minimal hypotheses on a variety $X_{0}$ over a Henselian field $K_{0}$, Galois-equivariant tropicalizations carry all of the arithmetic structure of $X_{0}$. Namely: (1) The Galois-orbit of any point of $X_{0}$ valued in the separable closure of $K_{0}$ is reproduced faithfully as a Galois-set inside some Galois-equivariant tropicalization of our variety. (2) The Berkovich analytification of $X_{0}$ over the separable closure of $K_{0}$, equipped with its canonical Galois-action, is the inverse limit of all Galois-equivariant tropicalizations of our variety.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, minor changes
Numerical Study of Free-Surface Electrohydrodynamic Wave Turbulence
Creators: name: Dmitriev, Igor A.
name: Kochurin, Evgeny A.
name: Zubarev, Nikolay M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct numerical simulation of threedimensional chaotic motion of a dielectric liquid with a free surface under the action of external horizontal electric field is carried out. The numerical model takes into account the effects of surface tension, viscosity, and external isotropic random forcing acting at large scales. A transition from dispersive capillary wave turbulence to quasi-isotropic nondispersive EHD surface turbulence with increase of the external electric field strength is numerically observed for the first time. At the regime of developed EHD wave turbulence, the total electrical energy is found to be much greater than the energy of capillary waves, i.e., electrohydrodynamic effects play a dominant role. At the same time, anisotropic effects are detected that lead to the generation of capillary wave packets traveling perpendicular to the external field direction. Despite the revealed anisotropy, the calculated spectrum of EHD wave turbulence is in very good agreement with the analytical spectrum obtained on the basis of dimensional analysis of weak turbulence spectra.
description: 7 pages,7 figures
Sultane ottomane tra leggenda e realtà
Creators: name: Carretto, Giacomo E.
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Torino
Year: 2007

description: The article concerns the presence of European and Christian Sultanas in the Ottoman harem, of which some were of Italian origin. But at times these are imagined persons, such as the Bella Marsilia or Rosa, sister of the adventurer Giorgio del Giglio. Legends have also grown around real people such as Nur Banu, whose origins are still material for discussion.
description: Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies, N. 4&5 (2007)
Counting Near Infrared Photons with Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors
Creators: name: Guo, W.
name: Liu, X.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Wei, Q.
name: Wei, L. F.
name: Hubmayr, J.
name: Fowler, J.
name: Ullom, J.
name: Vale, L.
name: Vissers, M. R.
name: Gao, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate photon counting at 1550 nm wavelength using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) made from TiN/Ti/TiN trilayer films with superconducting transition temperature Tc ~ 1.4 K. The detectors have a lumped-element design with a large interdigitated capacitor (IDC) covered by aluminum and inductive photon absorbers whose volume ranges from 0.4 um^3 to 20 um^3. We find that the energy resolution improves as the absorber volume is reduced. We have achieved an energy resolution of 0.22 eV and resolved up to 7 photons per pulse, both greatly improved from previously reported results at 1550 nm wavelength using MKIDs. Further improvements are possible by optimizing the optical coupling to maximize photon absorption into the inductive absorber.
description: accepted by Applied Physics Letter
Introducing the Random Phase Approximation Theory
Creators: name: Co', Giampaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random Phase Approximation (RPA) is the theory most commonly used to describe the excitations of many-body systems. In this article, the secular equations of the theory are obtained by using three different approaches: the equation of motion method, the Green's function perturbation theory and the time-dependent Hartree--Fock theory. Each approach emphasizes specific aspects of the theory overlooked by the other methods. Extensions of the RPA secular equations to treat the continuum part of the excitation spectrum and also the pairing between the particles composing the system are presented. Theoretical approaches which overcome the intrinsic approximations of RPA are outlined.
description: 57 pages, 6 figures
Is it possible to consider a thin hologram as a slide?
Creators: name: Smolovich, Anatoly M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A thin phase hologram with sinusoidal modulation of the refractive index is considered. The applicability of the approach is discussed, in which it is assumed that light passes through a hologram, as through a slide, which leads to a sinusoidal modulation of the wave phase. A consequence of this consideration are expressions for the diffraction orders amplitudes, which coincide with the expressions obtained in the Raman-Nath theory of light scattering by ultrasonic waves. The paper compares expressions for the amplitude of the first order of diffraction, obtained in the framework of several theoretical approaches, including perturbation theory in a rigorous formulation of the boundary value problem. As the thickness of the hologram tends to zero, the expression obtained in this way coincides with the expression obtained in the two-wave approximation of the coupled-wave theory. Both expressions satisfy the electrodynamic reciprocity theorem. Under the same conditions, the expression obtained as a result of the slide-like consideration does not satisfy the reciprocity theorem and differs from the indicated expressions by a factor equal to the ratio of the cosines of the diffracted and incident waves. It is concluded that considering a thin hologram as a slide can lead to noticeable errors.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Magnetic-Field Induced Critical Endpoint
Creators: name: Rechenberger, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase diagram of strong interaction matter is analyzed utilizing the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. Special emphasis is placed on its dependence on an external magnetic field and isospin chemical potential. Using flavor mixing induced by instanton effects the influence of isospin breaking due to the magnetic field and the isospin chemical potential is compared. It is found that at low temperatures and large quark chemical potential the magnetic field, depending on its strength, induces a new critical endpoint or a triple point.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, references added in second version
Measuring and Detecting Virality on Social Media: The Case of Twitter's Viral Tweets Topic
Creators: name: Elmas, Tuğrulcan
name: Selim, Stephane
name: Houssiaux, Célia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social media posts may go viral and reach large numbers of people within a short period of time. Such posts may threaten the public dialogue if they contain misleading content, making their early detection highly crucial. Previous works proposed their own metrics to annotate if a tweet is viral or not in order to automatically detect them later. However, such metrics may not accurately represent viral tweets or may introduce too many false positives. In this work, we use the ground truth data provided by Twitter's "Viral Tweets" topic to review the current metrics and also propose our own metric. We find that a tweet is more likely to be classified as viral by Twitter if the ratio of retweets to its author's followers exceeds some threshold. We found this threshold to be 2.16 in our experiments. This rule results in less false positives although it favors smaller accounts. We also propose a transformers-based model to early detect viral tweets which reports an F1 score of 0.79. The code and the tweet ids are publicly available at: https://github.com/tugrulz/ViralTweets
description: 2023 ACM Web Conference Poster Track Short Paper
The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: The cosmic star formation history since z~5
Creators: name: Novak, M.
name: Smolcic, V.
name: Delhaize, J.
name: Delvecchio, I.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Baran, N.
name: Bondi, M.
name: Capak, P.
name: Carilli, C. L.
name: Ciliegi, P.
name: Civano, F.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Karim, A.
name: Laigle, C.
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Marchesi, S.
name: McCracken, H.
name: Miettinen, O.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Sargent, M.
name: Schinnerer, E.
name: Tasca, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make use of the deep Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) COSMOS radio observations at 3 GHz to infer radio luminosity functions of star-forming galaxies up to redshifts of z~5 based on approximately 6000 detections with reliable optical counterparts. This is currently the largest radio-selected sample available out to z~5 across an area of 2 square degrees with a sensitivity of rms=2.3 ujy/beam. By fixing the faint and bright end shape of the radio luminosity function to the local values, we find a strong redshift trend that can be fitted with a pure luminosity evolution L~(1+z)^{(3.16 +- 0.2)-(0.32 +- 0.07) z}. We estimate star formation rates (SFRs) from our radio luminosities using an infrared (IR)-radio correlation that is redshift dependent. By integrating the parametric fits of the evolved luminosity function we calculate the cosmic SFR density (SFRD) history since z~5. Our data suggest that the SFRD history peaks between 21000 Msol/yr) contribute an additional <2% in the entire observed redshift range. We find evidence of a potential underestimation of SFRD based on ultraviolet (UV) rest-frame observations of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at high redshifts (z>4) on the order of 15-20%, owing to appreciable star formation in highly dust-obscured galaxies, which might remain undetected in such UV observations.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Adv-Bot: Realistic Adversarial Botnet Attacks against Network Intrusion Detection Systems
Creators: name: Debicha, Islam
name: Cochez, Benjamin
name: Kenaza, Tayeb
name: Debatty, Thibault
name: Dricot, Jean-Michel
name: Mees, Wim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the numerous advantages of machine learning (ML) algorithms, many applications now incorporate them. However, many studies in the field of image classification have shown that MLs can be fooled by a variety of adversarial attacks. These attacks take advantage of ML algorithms' inherent vulnerability. This raises many questions in the cybersecurity field, where a growing number of researchers are recently investigating the feasibility of such attacks against machine learning-based security systems, such as intrusion detection systems. The majority of this research demonstrates that it is possible to fool a model using features extracted from a raw data source, but it does not take into account the real implementation of such attacks, i.e., the reverse transformation from theory to practice. The real implementation of these adversarial attacks would be influenced by various constraints that would make their execution more difficult. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the actual feasibility of adversarial attacks, specifically evasion attacks, against network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS), demonstrating that it is entirely possible to fool these ML-based IDSs using our proposed adversarial algorithm while assuming as many constraints as possible in a black-box setting. In addition, since it is critical to design defense mechanisms to protect ML-based IDSs against such attacks, a defensive scheme is presented. Realistic botnet traffic traces are used to assess this work. Our goal is to create adversarial botnet traffic that can avoid detection while still performing all of its intended malicious functionality.
description: This work is published in Computers & Security (an Elsevier journal) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016740482300086X
Mean-field approximation for thermodynamic and spectral functions of correlated electrons: Strong-coupling and arbitrary band filling
Creators: name: Janiš, Václav
name: Pokorný, Vladislav
name: Kauch, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a construction of a mean-field theory for thermodynamic and spectral properties of correlated electrons reliable in the strong-coupling limit. We introduce an effective interaction determined self-consistently from the reduced parquet equations. It is a static local approximation of the two-particle irreducible vertex, the kernel of a potentially singular Bethe-Salpeter equation. The effective interaction enters the Ward identity from which a thermodynamic self-energy, renormalizing the one-electron propagators, is determined. The dynamical Schwinger-Dyson equation with the thermodynamic propagators is then used to calculate the spectral properties. The thermodynamic and spectral properties of correlated electrons are in this way determined on the same footing and in a consistent manner. Such a mean-field approximation is analytically controllable and free of unphysical behavior and spurious phase transitions. We apply the construction to the asymmetric Anderson impurity and the Hubbard models in the strong-coupling regime.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Anisotropic blockade using pendular Rydberg butterfly molecules
Creators: name: Eiles, Matthew T.
name: Lee, Hyunwoo
name: Perez-Rios, Jesus
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an experiment to demonstrate a novel blockade mechanism caused by long-range anisotropic interactions in an ultracold dipolar gas composed of the recently observed "butterfly" Rydberg molecules. At the blockade radius, the strong intermolecular interaction between two adjacent molecules shifts their molecular states out of resonance with the photoassociation laser, preventing their simultaneous excitation. When the molecules are prepared in a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) trap, the interaction's strength can be tuned via a weak external field. The molecular density thus depends strongly on the angle between the trap axis and the field. The available Rydberg and molecular states provide a wide range of tunability.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Modifying the magnetoelectric coupling in TbMnO$_3$ by low-level Fe$^{3+}$ substitution
Creators: name: Maia, A.
name: Vilarinho, R.
name: Kadlec, C.
name: Lebeda, M.
name: Mihalik,, M.
name: Zentková, M.
name: Mihalik, M.
name: Moreira, J. Agostinho
name: Kamba, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive study of the low-level substitution of Mn$^{3+}$ by Fe$^{3+}$ effect on the static and dynamic magnetoelectric coupling in TbMn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$O$_3$ ($x=0$, 0.02 and 0.04). The cationic substitution has a large impact on the balance between competitive magnetic interactions and, as a result, on the stabilization of the magnetic structures and ferroelectric phase at low temperatures. Low-lying electromagnon excitation is activated in the cycloidal modulated antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric phase in TbMnO$_3$, while it is observed up to TN in the Fe-substituted compounds, pointing for different mechanisms for static and dynamic magnetoelectric coupling. A second electrically active excitation near 40 cm$^{-1}$ is explained by means of Tb3+ crystal-field effects. This excitation is observed up to room temperature, and exhibits a remarkable 15 cm$^{-1}$ downshift on cooling in Fe-substituted compounds. Both electromagnon and crystal-field excitations are found to be coupled to the polar phonons with frequencies up to 250 cm$^{-1}$. Raman spectroscopy reveals a spin-phonon coupling below TN in pure TbMnO$_3$, but the temperature where the coupling start to be relevant increases with Fe concentration and reaches 100 K in TbMn$_{0.96}$Fe$_{0.04}$O$_3$. The anomalies in the T-dependence of magnetic susceptibility above TN are well accounted by spin-phonon coupling and crystal-field excitation, coupled to oxygen motions.
Monte Carlo study of magnetoresistance in a chiral soliton lattice
Creators: name: Okumura, Shun
name: Kato, Yasuyuki
name: Motome, Yukitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monoaxial chiral magnets can form a peculiar noncollinear spin structure called the chiral soliton lattice in an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the helical axis. We study magnetic properties and electrical transport in the chiral soliton lattice by a Monte Carlo simulation for a one-dimensional Kondo lattice model including the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction between classical localized spins. We show that the model exhibits a helical spin structure at a zero magnetic field, which turns into the chiral soliton lattice, and finally, to a forced ferromagnetic state with increasing the external magnetic field. In the chiral soliton lattice state, we find negative magnetoresistance proportional to the number of solitons at low temperature, which corroborates the spin scattering of electrons by chiral solitons. We also discuss the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the spin structure factor and electrical resistivity, in comparison with experiments for CrNb$_{3}$S$_{6}$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Monitoring luminous yellow massive stars in M33: new yellow hypergiant candidates
Creators: name: Kourniotis, M.
name: Bonanos, A. Z.
name: Yuan, W.
name: Macri, L. M.
name: Garcia-Alvarez, D.
name: Lee, C. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of massive stars surviving the red supergiant (RSG) stage remains unexplored due to the rarity of such objects. The yellow hypergiants (YHGs) appear to be the warm counterparts of post-RSG classes located near the Humphreys-Davidson upper luminosity limit, which are characterized by atmospheric instability and high mass-loss rates. We aim to increase the number of YHGs in M33 and thus to contribute to a better understanding of the pre-supernova evolution of massive stars. Optical spectroscopy of five dust-enshrouded YSGs selected from mid-IR criteria was obtained with the goal of detecting evidence of extensive atmospheres. We also analyzed BVI photometry for 21 of the most luminous YSGs in M33 to identify changes in the spectral type. To explore the properties of circumstellar dust, we performed SED-fitting of multi-band photometry of the 21 YSGs. We find three luminous YSGs in our sample to be YHG candidates, as they are surrounded by hot dust and are enshrouded within extended, cold dusty envelopes. Our spectroscopy of star 2 shows emission of more than one H$α$ component, as well as emission of CaII, implying an extended atmospheric structure. In addition, the long-term monitoring of the star reveals a dimming in the visual light curve of amplitude larger than 0.5 mag that caused an apparent drop in the temperature that exceeded 500 K. We suggest the observed variability to be analogous to that of the Galactic YHG $ρ$ Cas. Five less luminous YSGs are suggested as post-RSG candidates showing evidence of hot or/and cool dust emission. We demonstrate that mid-IR photometry, combined with optical spectroscopy and time-series photometry, provide a robust method for identifying candidate YHGs. Future discovery of YHGs in Local Group galaxies is critical for the study of the late evolution of intermediate-mass massive stars.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures, 7 Tables. A&A in press
The invisible decay of Higgs boson in the context of a thermal and non-thermal relic in MSSM
Creators: name: Barman, Rahool Kumar
name: Belanger, Genevieve
name: Bhattacherjee, Biplob
name: Godbole, Rohini
name: Mendiratta, Gaurav
name: Sengupta, Dipan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the decay of 125 GeV Higgs boson to light LSP neutralino in the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model in the context of collider searches and astrophysical experiments. We consider the parameter space for light neutralinos that can be probed via the invisible Higgs decays and higgsino searches at the ILC. We consider the cases where the light neutralino is compatible with the observed relic density or where the thermal relic is over-abundant, pointing to non-standard cosmology. In the former case, when the neutralino properties give rise to under-abundant relic density, the correct amount of relic abundance is assumed to be guaranteed by either additional DM particles or by non-thermal cosmology. We contrast these different cases. We assess what astrophysical measurements can be made, in addition to the measurements made at the ILC, which can provide a clue to the nature of the light neutralino. We find that a number of experiments, including Xenon-nT, PICO-250, LZ in conjunction with measurements made at the ILC on invisible Higgs width can pin down the nature of this neutralino, along with its cosmological implications. Additionally, we also point out potential LHC signatures that could be complementary in this region of parameter space.
description: 40 pages, 21 figures
The link between galaxy and black hole growth in the EAGLE simulation
Creators: name: McAlpine, Stuart
name: Bower, Richard G.
name: Harrison, Chris M.
name: Crain, Robert A.
name: Schaller, Matthieu
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Theuns, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the connection between the star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies and their central black hole accretion rate (BHAR) using the EAGLE cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. We find, in striking concurrence with recent observational studies, that the --BHAR relation for an AGN selected sample produces a relatively flat trend, whilst the --SFR relation for a SFR selected sample yields an approximately linear trend. These trends remain consistent with their instantaneous equivalents even when both SFR and BHAR are time-averaged over a period of 100~Myr. There is no universal relationship between the two growth rates. Instead, SFR and BHAR evolve through distinct paths that depend strongly on the mass of the host dark matter halo. The galaxies hosted by haloes of mass M200 $\lesssim 10^{11.5}$Msol grow steadily, yet black holes (BHs) in these systems hardly grow, yielding a lack of correlation between SFR and BHAR. As haloes grow through the mass range $10^{11.5} \lesssim$ M200 $\lesssim 10^{12.5 }$Msol BHs undergo a rapid phase of non-linear growth. These systems yield a highly non-linear correlation between the SFR and BHAR, which are non-causally connected via the mass of the host halo. In massive haloes (M200 $\gtrsim 10^{12.5}$Msol) both SFR and BHAR decline on average with a roughly constant scaling of SFR/BHAR $\sim 10^{3}$. Given the complexity of the full SFR--BHAR plane built from multiple behaviours, and from the large dynamic range of BHARs, we find the primary driver of the different observed trends in the --BHAR and --SFR relationships are due to sampling considerably different regions of this plane.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures and 1 table. Accepted to MNRAS. Comments welcome
Multichannel speech enhancement for hearing aids:  An evaluation at the phoneme level
Creators: name: Monir, Nasser-Eddine
name: Magron, Paul
name: Serizel, Romain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The impairment of auditory function resulting from hearing loss significantly undermines the capacity for speech comprehension, especially in scenarios where speech is mixed with various competing sounds. Several signal alterations, such as spread spectrum or masking phenomena, can make it challenging to differentiate between phoneme formants due to their overlapping frequencies. In this regard, speech enhancement appears as a promising solution to mitigate the adverse effects of ambient noise on the intelligibility and clarity of spoken language. Recent advances driven by deep learning empirically support the effectiveness of enhancement models in improving speech intelligibility in complex acoustic environments.

Such algorithms are typically evaluated for their ability to restore intelligibility and speech quality for individuals with normal hearing. Consequently, these assessment strategies may not always offer relevant insights for individuals suffering from hearing impairments. In particular, models are commonly evaluated at the utterance level, which aggregates errors across diverse phonemes. This results in potentially overlooking certain phonemic categories, which are of particular importance for individuals with impairments. Indeed, the influence of noise and its mitigation differs among phonemes, owing to their signal-level attributes which stem from their specific production model in the vocal tract. For impaired individuals, these differences are particularly salient due to reduced spectral and temporal resolutions, and the occurrence of masking effects.

To overcome this issue, in this study we perform a comprehensive assessment of speech enhancement algorithms at the phoneme level. We categorize phonemes according to their distinct articulatory models (e.g., plosives, fricatives, nasals) as it creates groups with similar signal characteristics. We consider four state-of-the-art multichannel speech enhancement models. Using publicly available datasets of clean speech and real-life noise, we simulate noisy mixtures in order to encompass various spatial conditions. In addition to the commonly-used utterance scale, we evaluate the models’ performance in terms of distortion, artifacts and interference reduction at the proposed fine-grained phonemic scale. This outlines the algorithms’ effectiveness in reducing noise interference according to specific phoneme-level features.

To summarize, this study tackles the challenges posed by hearing disorders, particularly the intricacies of phonemic decoding processes within the cochlea and the brain. It marks an initial step towards advancing speech enhancement models, as it enables the identification of specific speech components that require further emphasis.
Constraining the Astrophysical p Process: Cross Section Measurement of the 84Kr(p,g)85Rb Reaction in Inverse Kinematics
Creators: name: Palmisano-Kyle, Alicia
name: Spyrou, Artemis
name: DeYoung, Paul
name: Gastis, Panagiotis
name: Olivas-Gomez, Orlando
name: Harris, Caley
name: Liddick, Sean
name: Lyons, Stephanie
name: Pereira, Jorge
name: Richard, Andrea
name: Simon, Anna
name: Smith, Mallory
name: Tsantiri, Artemis
name: Zegers, Remco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the biggest questions in nuclear astrophysics is understanding where the elements come from and how they are made. This work focuses on the p process, a nucleosynthesis process that consists of a series of photodisintegration reactions responsible for producing stable isotopes on the proton-rich side of stability. These nuclei, known as the p nuclei, cannot be made through the well-known neutron-capture processes. Currently p-process models rely heavily on theory to provide the relevant reaction rates to predict the final p-nuclei abundances and more experimental data is needed. The present work reports on an experiment performed with the SuN detector at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, NSCL, at Michigan State University using the ReA facility to measure the $^{84}$Kr(p,$γ$)$^{85}$Rb reaction cross section in inverse kinematics. The reverse $^{85}$Rb($γ$,p)$^{84}$Kr reaction is a branching point in the p-process reaction network that was highlighted as an important reaction in sensitivity studies in the production of the $^{78}$Kr p nucleus. A new hydrogen gas target was designed and fabricated and a new analysis technique for background subtraction and efficiency calculations of the detector were developed. The experimental cross section is compared to standard statistical model calculations using the NON-SMOKER and TALYS codes.
Global Representation of the Fine Structure Constant and its Variation
Creators: name: Tobar, Michael Edmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fine structure constant, alpha, is shown to be proportional to the ratio of the quanta of electric and magnetic flux of force of the electron, and provides a new representation, which is global across all unit systems. Consequently, a variation in alpha was shown to manifest due to a differential change in the fraction of the quanta of electric and magnetic flux of force, while a variation in hcross.c was shown to manifest due to the common mode change. The representation is discussed with respect to the running of the fine structure constant at high energies (small distances), and a putative temporal drift. It is shown that the running of the fine structure constant is due to equal components of electric screening (polarization of vacuum) and magnetic anti-screening (magnetization of vacuum), which cause the perceived quanta of electric charge to increase at small distances, while the magnetic flux quanta decreases. This introduces the concept of the bare magnetic flux quanta as well as the bare electric charge. With regards to temporal drift, it is confirmed that it is impossible to determine which fundamental constant is varying if alpha varies.
description: Final accepted version for Metrologia. This version includes a proof that the representation of the fine structure constant is global across all unit systems, using Jackson's global representation of Maxwell's equations (which is also valid for all unit systems). The version is shorter than the previous, thus the discussion throughout is more brief
Phonon-drag magnetoquantum oscillations in graphene
Creators: name: Kubakaddi, S. S.
name: Biswas, Tutul
name: Ghosh, Tarun Kanti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of low-temperature phonon-drag magnetothermopower $S_{xx}^g$ is presented in graphene in a quantizing magnetic field. $S_{xx}^g$ is found to exhibit quantum oscillations as a function of magnetic field $B$ and electron concentration $n_e$. Amplitude of the oscillations is found to increase (decrease) with increasing $B$ ($n_e$). The behavior of $S_{xx}^g$ is also investigated as a function of temperature. A large value of $S_{xx}^g $($\sim$ few hundreds of $μ$V/K) is predicted. Numerical values of $S_{xx}^g $ are compared with the measured magnetothermopower $S_{xx}$ and the diffusion component $S_{xx}^d$ from the modified Girvin-Jonson theory.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Journal of Physics: Condens. Matter
A C-band direct demodulation MMIC receiver for digital communications systems
Creators: name: Pataut, G.
name: Telliez, I.
name: Couturier, A.M.
name: Andre, M.
name: Janer, P.
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 1990
Subjects: ING-INF/01 Elettronica

description: The feasibility of a microwave direct demodulation receiver has been demonstrated for radio link equipments in hybrid technology [1]. In that case there is no intermediate frequency, so this structure is easier to integrate on GaAs substrate. Having all the elementary functions on the same chip can even lead to a new topology for the MMIC receiver. Integration interest are a better demodulation performance because of the symmetry of the MMIC circuits and a large useful frequency range which covers several telecommunication bands between 6.4 GHz and 8.5 GHz. The monolithic designs and realizations of a C-Band direct demodulation MMIC receiver for digital communications systems will be described here. Results are presented for the different circuits which have been independently designed (figure n° 1).
Collaborative Deep Learning for Speech Enhancement: A Run-Time Model Selection Method Using Autoencoders
Creators: name: Kim, Minje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that a Modular Neural Network (MNN) can combine various speech enhancement modules, each of which is a Deep Neural Network (DNN) specialized on a particular enhancement job. Differently from an ordinary ensemble technique that averages variations in models, the propose MNN selects the best module for the unseen test signal to produce a greedy ensemble. We see this as Collaborative Deep Learning (CDL), because it can reuse various already-trained DNN models without any further refining. In the proposed MNN selecting the best module during run time is challenging. To this end, we employ a speech AutoEncoder (AE) as an arbitrator, whose input and output are trained to be as similar as possible if its input is clean speech. Therefore, the AE can gauge the quality of the module-specific denoised result by seeing its AE reconstruction error, e.g. low error means that the module output is similar to clean speech. We propose an MNN structure with various modules that are specialized on dealing with a specific noise type, gender, and input Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) value, and empirically prove that it almost always works better than an arbitrarily chosen DNN module and sometimes as good as an oracle result.
[Xtalk+] A Study of Galaxy Cluster Mergers and Their Effects on the ICM Metal Enrichment
Creators: name: Dan Hu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: 

Research around galaxy clusters, the largest known gravitationally bound systems in the Universe and the densest parts in the large-scale structure, is at the cross-roads of cosmology and astrophysics with great significance. In this work, by analyzing Chandra and XMM-Newton observations and performing smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations, we aim to (1) study the origin of the high-iron-abundance arc in the compact galaxy group HCG 62, and (2) illustrate the formation and evolution of X-ray gas substructures in merging cluster Abell 1775, and diagnose its merger dynamics.

 

Related reference papers and ADS links: 

- Dan Hu et al. 2021, ApJ, 913, 9: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ApJ...913....8H/abstract

- Dan Hu et al. 2019, ApJ, 870, 61: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ApJ...870...61H/abstract

 
description: This talk is one of the Xtalk+ series.
First and second order cosmological perturbations in light mass Galileon models
Creators: name: Hossain, Md. Wali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the first and second order cosmological perturbations in the light mass Galileon (LMG) scenario. LMG action includes cubic Galileon term along with the standard kinetic term and a potential which is added phenomenologically to achieve late time acceleration. The scalar field is nonminimally coupled to matter in the Einstein frame. Integral solutions of growing and decaying modes are obtained. The effect of the conformal coupling constant ($β$), at the perturbation level, has been studied. In this regard, we have studied linear power spectrum and bispectrum. Though different values of $β$ has different effects on power spectrum on reduced bispectrum the effect is not significant. It has been found that the redshift-space distortions (RSD) data can be very useful to constrain $β$. In this study we consider potentials which can lead to tracker behavior of the scalar field.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, minor modification in the title, refs updated, published in PRD
Gravitational waves from f-modes excited by the inspiral of highly eccentric neutron star binaries
Creators: name: Chirenti, Cecilia
name: Gold, Roman
name: Miller, M. Coleman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As gravitational wave instrumentation becomes more sensitive, it is interesting to speculate about subtle effects that could be analyzed using upcoming generations of detectors. One such effect that has great potential for revealing the properties of very dense matter is fluid oscillations of neutron stars. These have been found in numerical simulations of the hypermassive remnants of double neutron star mergers and of highly eccentric neutron star orbits. Here we focus on the latter and sketch out some ideas for the production, gravitational-wave detection, and analysis of neutron star oscillations. These events will be rare (perhaps up to several tens per year could be detected using third-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope or the Cosmic Explorer), but they would have unique diagnostic power for the analysis of cold, catalyzed, dense matter. Furthermore, these systems are unusual in that analysis of the tidally excited f-modes of the stars could yield simultaneous measurements of their masses, moments of inertia, and tidal Love numbers, using the frequency, damping time, and amplitude of the modes. They would thus present a nearly unique opportunity to test observationally the I-Love-Q relation. The analysis of such events will require significant further work in nuclear physics and general relativistic nonlinear mode coupling, and thus we discuss further directions that will need to be pursued. For example, we note that for nearly-grazing encounters, numerical simulations show that the energy delivered to the f-modes may be up to two orders of magnitude greater than predicted in the linear theory.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure; minor revisions and improved fig. 1, accepted for publication in ApJ
Energy diffusion and the butterfly effect in inhomogeneous Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev chains
Creators: name: Gu, Yingfei
name: Lucas, Andrew
name: Qi, Xiao-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the energy diffusion constant $D$, Lyapunov time $τ_{\text{L}}$ and butterfly velocity $v_{\text{B}}$ in an inhomogeneous chain of coupled Majorana Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models in the large $N$ and strong coupling limit. We find $D\le v_{\text{B}}^2 τ_{\text{L}}$ from a combination of analytical and numerical approaches. Our example necessitates the sharpening of postulated transport bounds based on quantum chaos.
description: 10+4 pages, 3 figures; v2: added appendix
Dependence of weak interaction rates on the nuclear composition during stellar core collapse
Creators: name: Furusawa, Shun
name: Nagakura, Hiroki
name: Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke
name: Kato, Chinami
name: Yamada, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influences of the nuclear composition on the weak interaction rates of heavy nuclei during the core collapse of massive stars. The nuclear abundances in nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE) are calculated by some equation of state (EOS) models including in-medium effects on nuclear masses. We systematically examine the sensitivities of electron capture and neutrino-nucleus scattering on heavy nuclei to the nuclear shell effects and the single nucleus approximation. We find that the washout of shell effects at high temperatures brings significant change to weak rates by smoothing the nuclear abundance distribution: the electron capture rate decreases by $\sim$20$\%$ in the early phase and increases by $\sim$40$\%$ in the late phase at most, while the cross section for neutrino-nucleus scattering is reduced by $\sim$15$\%$. This is because the open-shell nuclei become abundant instead of those with closed neutron shells as the shell effects disappear. We also find that the single-nucleus description based on the average values leads to underestimations of weak rates. Electron captures and neutrino coherent scattering on heavy nuclei are reduced by $\sim$80$\%$ in the early phase and by $\sim$5$\%$ in the late phase, respectively. These results indicate that NSE like EOS accounting for shell washout is indispensable for the reliable estimation of weak interaction rates in simulations of core-collapse supernovae.
description: 28 pages 14 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C