cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measuring fishing dependency using Occupational Alternative Ratio- an application to Shetland whitefish industry
Creators: name: Fofana, Abdulai
name: Fofana, Abdulai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Livestock Production/Industries

description: In this paper Occupational Alternative Ratios (OAR) are applied to the 2003 employment survey data from Shetland to measure dependency on whitefish in individual communities as an alternative to traditional measures of fishing dependency, such as fishing employment and fisheries contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The OAR measure summarises the potential impact that the size of the whitefish industry has upon the supply of labour for alternative occupations within the local economy. The results of the model indicate that Whalsay is the most whitefish dependent community, followed by Scalloway and Skerries while the least whitefish dependent community is West Mainland. The OAR indices depict a clear distinction between the most and least dependent communities, and historical attachment to demersal fishing support these differences. The use of OARs to measure and rank dependency provides a new way to conceptualise the significance of fishing to communities and their economies. The results of the study also show that the OAR route to measuring fisheries dependency could be useful for policy makers and managers to make informed decisions, formulate appropriate policies on resource use and contribute effectively to wider processes (e.g. international negotiations of fisheries resources).
Public Attitudes to the Welfare of Broiler Chickens
Creators: name: Hall, Clare
name: Sandilands, Victoria
name: Hall, Clare
name: Sandilands, Victoria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Animal welfare
subject: broiler chickens
subject: cognitive mapping
subject: public attitudes
subject: Q methodology.

description: This paper reports results from two workshops held in York, England that investigated public attitudes towards the welfare of broiler chickens. At the outset the majority of participants admitted that they knew little about how broiler chickens are reared and were shocked at some of the facts presented to them. Cognitive mapping and aspects of Q methodology were used to reveal the range of variables that participants believed affected chicken welfare, the causal relationships between those variables, and what variables were considered most and least important. While some participants focused on the importance of meeting basic needs such as access to food, water, light and ventilation, others highlighted the role of welfare regulations and public opinion. Factor analysis of the results from a ranking exercise identified two factor groups, “Factor one - The bigger picture” and “Factor two – Basic animal rights”. The findings demonstrate that some members of the public are both interested in learning about how their food is produced and concerned about the conditions faced by broiler chickens. Some are able to see clear links between public opinion and the welfare of farm animals, an important connection if consumer behaviour is to contribute towards improving animal welfare.
Technical Efficiency Estimates of Scottish Agriculture: Evidence from the dairy, sheep and cereals sector
Creators: name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: Technical efficiency, the ratio of physical inputs to outputs, is a popular means of assessing agricultural performance. Benchmarking of these efficiencies is a fundamental tool for the farming industry. More sophisticated techniques have been developed recently which offer a greater degree of complexity for measuring technical efficiency. This paper adopts a parametric approach, referred to as stochastic production frontiers (SPF), to study three major sectors the Scottish agricultural economy, namely i) cereals, ii) dairy, and iii) sheep, over the period 1989 to 2004.
Aging, memory and rejuvenation: some lessons from simple models
Creators: name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many recent experiments probed the off equilibrium dynamics of spin glasses and other glassy systems through temperature cycling protocols and observed memory and rejuvenation phenomena. Here we show through numerical simulations, using powerful algorithms, that such features can already be observed to some extent in simple models such as two dimensional ferromagnets. We critically discuss these results and review some aspects of the literature in the light of our findings.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. Contribution to the Proceedings of the Summerschool "Ageing and the glass transition", Luxembourg 14-25 Sept. 2005
Additional file 1 of Opioid therapy vs. multimodal analgesia in head and neck Cancer (OPTIMAL-HN): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Sondos Zayed
name: Pencilla Lang
name: Mendez, Lucas C.
name: Read, Nancy
name: Jinka Sathya
name: Varagur Venkatesan
name: Moulin, Dwight E.
name: Warner, Andrew
name: Palma, David A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Pain Diary.
Optimisation methods for assisting policy decisions on endemic diseases
Creators: name: Stott, Alistair W.
name: Stott, Alistair W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Economics
subject: decision analysis
subject: optimisation
subject: modelling
subject: endemic disease
subject: knowledge transfer

description: Endemic disease of animals is an economic problem as it deprives humans of scarce resources that might otherwise satisfy human wants. Optimisation methods identify the strategies that minimise this economic problem. Given the potentially vast extent of the deprivation, not only in terms of lost wealth but also in terms of animal welfare, human health and environmental damage, this subject offers great benefits to decision-makers from the individual farm to the global level. This paper uses examples to illustrate the basic economic principles concerned. It shows how these principles may be extended to deal with current limitations in theory and practice. Lack of data is a common problem that may be dealt with by using computer simulation, theoretical approaches or the experiential knowledge of the decision-makers themselves. The latter method has the added advantage of greatly assisting with the difficult problem of effectively communicating the results of decision analysis to the decision-maker. In most situations the decision-maker will need to strike a balance between conflicting objectives such as short term profit and long term environmental damage (sustainability). This problem will require a wider perspective, which is greatly facilitated by collaboration between economists and scientists. The paper illustrates ways in which this has been done by using decision analysis methods to focus on the decision rather than the disease. The conclusions highlight priority areas for future research and development in this area. Topics include the contribution of endemic disease control to sustainable development, endemic disease eradication, capturing wider implications such as animal welfare and food safety, accounting for variation in rational decision making and dealing with risk.
Role of orbital off-diagonal spin and charge condensates in a three orbital model for $\rm Ca_2RuO_4$ -- Coulomb renormalized spin-orbit coupling, orbital moment, and tunable magnetic order
Creators: name: Mohapatra, Shubhajyoti
name: Kundu, Ritajit
name: Dubey, Ashutosh
name: Dutta, Debasis
name: Singh, Avinash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly anisotropic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) renormalization and strongly enhanced orbital magnetic moments are obtained in the fully self consistent approach including the orbital off-diagonal spin and charge condensates. For moderate tetragonal distortion as in $\rm Ca_2 RuO_4$, dominantly planar antiferromagnetic (AFM) order with small canting of moments in and about the crystal $c$ axis are obtained. For reduced tetragonal distortion, we find a tunable regime wherein the magnetic order can be tuned (AFM or FM) by the bare SOC strength and octahedral tilting magnitude. In this regime, with decreasing tetragonal distortion, AFM order is maintained by progressively decreasing octahedral tilting, as observed in $\rm Ca_{2-x}Sr_x RuO_4$. For purely planar order, the only self consistent solution is FM order along crystal $b$ axis, which is relevant for the bilayer ruthenate compound $\rm Ca_3 Ru_2 O_7$.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2006.02114
The flight of the bumblebee: vacuum solutions of a gravity model with vector-induced spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Bertolami, O.
name: Paramos, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the vacuum solutions of a gravity model where Lorentz symmetry is spontaneously broken once a vector field acquires a vacuum expectation value. Results are presented for the purely radial Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB), radial/temporal LSB and axial/temporal LSB. The purely radial LSB result corresponds to new black hole solutions. When possible, Parametrized Post-Newtonian (PPN) parameters are computed and observational boundaries used to constrain the Lorentz symmetry breaking scale.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Explaining Cost Efficiency of Scottish Farms: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Milne, Catherine E.
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Cho, Woong Je
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Milne, Catherine E.
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Cho, Woong Je
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Stochastic cost frontier analysis
subject: cost efficiency
subject: Scottish farms
subject: Common Agricultural Policy.

description: In this paper the cost efficiency of Scottish farms is determined, variables that explain the relative cost efficiency by farm type are identified and implications discussed. A cost efficiency approach was selected as it can deal with farms producing multiple outputs (in contrast to production frontiers), and second because it can accommodate output constraints imposed by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). To estimate the stochastic cost frontier, a generalised multi-product translog cost function was estimated for five farm types: dairy, cereals and general cropping, cattle and sheep, specialist sheep and mixed farms. Eight farm outputs and four inputs were considered. The data for the estimation were drawn from the Farm Accounts Scheme (FAS) survey for the period 1997-2004, which allowed the construction of an unbalanced panel dataset for 358 farms. Cost efficiency was measured as a fixed effect term and this was used to construct an indicator of relative cost efficiency by farm type. Further analysis, to explain the efficiency results, indicated the presence of important farm size and regional effects. However, other variables used in the analysis, whilst statistically significant, did not produce a consistent effect across the different farm types.
Barriers Facing New Entrants to Farming – an Emphasis on Policy
Creators: name: Williams, Fiona
name: Williams, Fiona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management

description: Recent UK studies highlight some of the challenges of adjustment facing the farming industry; an ageing farming population, a common absence of successor, and economic barriers combining to deter new entrants to the industry. Yet the future of farming is dependent on continued entry by new farm operators, either through the family farm business, new entrants from other sectors or via the ‘agricultural ladder’ i.e. from a farm worker to tenant to owner operator. Evidence suggests that new entrants in each situation encounter difficulties, some generic and some specific to individual cases. What is unclear is the role and influence of a range of policies on new entrant decisions. At a time when the farming industry is under pressure to compete and adjustment becomes increasingly urgent, the influential (direct or indirect) role of policy becomes more pertinent. This paper will review the current entry/exit situation in Scotland and, drawing upon recent research, highlight the main barriers affecting new entrants. The role and influence of various policies on new entrant decisions will be discussed. The paper concludes with a debate as to whether the issues raised warrant further intervention.
Performance analysis of solar-powered integrated desalination and air conditioning system
Creators: name: Saxena, Akash
name: Tangellapalli, Srinivas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: During the operation of the vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) cycle, heat is absorbed in the evaporator and rejected from the condenser to the environment. The heat rejected by the condenser is often wasted, and it raises the ambient air temperature, resulting in thermal pollution. Apart from that, freshwater scarcity is a severe concern in many areas. An integrated system of humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination and air conditioning using waste heat from the VCR system is proposed to address these difficulties. The system provides freshwater, cooled air, and hot water while preventing thermal pollution. Although the combination of desalination and cooling systems has piqued the attention of a few researchers, the duct architecture used in this work is a first. The study determines an appropriate humidifier spray water temperature based on human comfort conditions. It investigates the effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity, saline water temperature, and humidifier efficiency on output and performance metrics. The experimental studies are used to validate the thermodynamic model established in this paper. From one cubic meter of air, 31.50 kJ of heat and 40.53 mL of freshwater are extracted using 0.66 kW of power. The cooling performance (CP), gained output ratio (GOR), coefficient of energy performance (COEP), and exergy efficiency for the given operating parameters are 1.34, 4.29, 1.72, and 13.99%, respectively. The cost of freshwater production is $ 0.010076 per liter.
Additional file 2 of The statistical importance of a study for a network meta-analysis estimate
Creators: name: Rücker, Gerta
name: Adriani Nikolakopoulou
name: Papakonstantinou, Theodoros
name: Salanti, Georgia
name: Riley, Richard D.
name: Schwarzer, Guido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2 Plots resulting from running all commands in Additional File 1.
Probing phase transitions of holographic entanglement entropy with fixed area states
Creators: name: Marolf, Donald
name: Wang, Shannon
name: Wang, Zhencheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results suggest that new corrections to holographic entanglement entropy should arise near phase transitions of the associated Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) surface. We study such corrections by decomposing the bulk state into fixed-area states and conjecturing that a certain `diagonal approximation' will hold. In terms of the bulk Newton constant $G$, this yields a correction of order $O(G^{-1/2})$ near such transitions, which is in particular larger than generic corrections from the entanglement of bulk quantum fields. However, the correction becomes exponentially suppressed away from the transition. The net effect is to make the entanglement a smooth function of all parameters, turning the RT `phase transition' into a crossover already at this level of analysis. We illustrate this effect with explicit calculations (again assuming our diagonal approximation) for boundary regions given by a pair of disconnected intervals on the boundary of the AdS$_3$ vacuum and for a single interval on the boundary of the BTZ black hole. In a natural large-volume limit where our diagonal approximation clearly holds, this second example verifies that our results agree with general predictions made by Murthy and Srednicki in the context of chaotic many-body systems. As a further check on our conjectured diagonal approximation, we show that it also reproduces the $O(G^{-1/2})$ correction found Penington et al for an analogous quantum RT transition. Our explicit computations also illustrate the cutoff-dependence of fluctuations in RT-areas.
description: 47 pages, 10 figures; v2: more on 'diagonal approximation', typos corrected and figures updated
Measuring the Sustainability of the UK Food Chain
Creators: name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
name: McVittie, Alistair
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
name: McVittie, Alistair
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Total Factor Productivity
subject: Externalities
subject: Sustainable Growth

description: Recent policy interest has been directed at the sustainability of food industries, in particular the post-farm gate food chain. This comprises of manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing and catering. In order to measure sustainability Byerlee and Murgai (2001) have argued that productivity measures, alongside key indicators of resource quality trends, should be used to indicate sustainable growth. This paper adopts this approach by presenting Fisher indexes of both Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index and for prominent externalities emerging from the food chain over the period 1998 to 2002. TFP shows an average annual growth rate of –0.52% per annum. Input growth, in particular intermediate purchases, has outstripped output growth over the entirety of this period. In addition, major externalities of environmental and social costs have increased over this period. Consequently, both sets of indicators give a somewhat bleak assessment of the sustainability of the UK food chain.
Riemann-Finsler and Lagrange Gerbes and the Aiyah--Singer Theorems
Creators: name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 55R65, 53C05, 53C27, 57R20, 57R22, 53B20, 70H99, 81T13, 83C60

description: In this paper, nonholonomic gerbes will be naturally derived for manifolds and vector bundle spaces provided with nonintegrable distributions (in brief, nonholonomic spaces). An important example of such gerbes is related to distributions defining nonlinear connection (N-connection) structures. They geometrically unify and develop the concepts of Riemann-Cartan manifolds and Lagrange-Finsler spaces. The obstruction to the existence of a spin structure on nonholonomic spaces is just the second Stiefel-Whitney class, defined by the cocycle associated to a $\mathbb{Z} /2$ gerbe, which is called the nonholonomic spin gerbe. The nonholonomic gerbes are canonically endowed with N-connection, Sasaki type metric, canonical linear connection connection and (for odd dimension spaces) almost complex structures. The study of nonholonomic spin structures and gerbes have both geometric and physical applications. Our aim is to prove the Atiyah--Singer theorems for such nonholonomic spaces.
description: Latex 2e, final published version, with modified title and up-dated references, see http://webbut.unitbv.ro/bulletin/Series%20III/BULETIN%20III%20PDF/vacaru%202012.pdf
Additional file 1 of Birthweight DNA methylation signatures in infant saliva
Creators: name: Moccia, Chiara
name: Popovic, Maja
name: Isaevska, Elena
name: Fiano, Valentina
name: Trevisan, Morena
name: Rusconi, Franca
name: Polidoro, Silvia
name: Richiardi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. DNA methylation measurement, data pre-processing, and quality control, traits associated in EWAS Atlas with 44-saliva birthweight related CpGs, traits associated in EWAS Atlas with saliva44-SGA-related CpGs.
Introducing a new method of using nanocomposites for preventing asphaltene aggregation during real static and dynamic natural depletion tests
Creators: name: Mansouri, Mohsen
name: Ahmadi, Yaser
name: Jafarbeigi, Ehsan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The recent use of nanoparticles (NPs) to adsorb asphaltene from oil in the oil reservoir has been recognized by researchers as an effective method. The present study shows a new synthetic nanocomposite (NC) called zirconia-zinc-copper for the removal of asphaltene deposits. The NC structure was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In this study, to investigate the reduction of permeability/porosity in porous media, dynamic natural depletion (DND) experiments in the presence of nanocomposites (NCs) under static conditions were used. Also, in the presence of NCs, isotherm models, CO2-oil (CO) IFT tests, and DND tests at the static phase were performed. In the following, the results were compared with zirconia NPs. The results showed that the mean particle diameter of NCs was measured by TEM analysis, about 27 nm. On the other hand, XRD analysis confirmed the TEM results. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Zirconia, Zinc, Copper, and Oxygen elements in the synthetic NC structure. Also, FT-IR analysis shows the presence of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Copper oxide (CuO) peaks well. In addition, it was observed that the properties of ZrO2-ZnO NCs were well improved using copper doping. The results of adsorption data in the presence of NC and zirconiaNPs showed that the above data are more consistent with Langmuir (LI) isotherm than Freundlich (FI) isotherm. In this regard, NCs had a higher absorption rate in batch experiments than zirconia. There were two different slopes in the IFT CO reading in the static phase, where the pressure increased from 200 Psi to 2600 Psi. Also, the second slope (1700 Psi-2600 Psi) was slower than the first slope (200 Psi-1700 Psi) due to the accumulation of asphaltene. The slope ratio of 2 to 1 after adding NC and zirconia NPs increased from 19.8% to 24.1% and 26.5%, respectively. In general, the results showed in this study that NCs absorb more asphaltene than zirconia NPs. NCs reduced asphaltene precipitation (AP) more than zirconia during natural depletion experiments. In this regard, NCs were selected for natural depletion experiments. Finally, asphaltene deposits, which occur in the dynamic phase, decreased after adding NC, and, finally, the porosity/permeability parameters improved well.
Wormhole modeling in $R^2$ gravity with linear trace term
Creators: name: Godani, Nisha
name: Samanta, Gauranga C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Morris and Thorne \cite{morris1} proposed traversable wormholes, hypothetical connecting tools, using the concept of Einstein's general theory of relativity. In this paper, the modification of general relativity (in particular $f(R,T)$ theory of gravity defined by Harko et al. \cite{harko}) is considered, to study the traversable wormhole solutions. The function $f(R,T)$ is considered as $f(R,T)=R+αR^2+βT$, where $α$ and $β$ are controlling parameters. The shape and red shift functions appearing in the metric of wormhole structure have significant contribution in the development of wormhole solutions. We have considered both variable and constant red shift functions with a logarithmic shape function. The energy conditions are examined, geometric configuration is analyzed and the radius of the throat is determined in order to have wormhole solutions in absence of exotic matter.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.14209
Texas-Oklahoma Producer Cotton Market Summary: 2003/2004
Creators: name: Ethridge, Don E.
name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Fadiga, Mohamadou L.
name: Ethridge, Don E.
name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Fadiga, Mohamadou L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The analysis of the West Texas and East Texas/Oklahoma spot market using the Daily Price Estimation System (DPES) indicated an overall increase in quality in the 2003/04 marketing year. The results also indicated an overall price increase compared to the last four years, averaging 63.68 cents a pound. The combined total bales and total sales between the two regions were lower in 2003/04, with most of the decrease due to lower sales in West Texas. Total sales in East Texas/Oklahoma did not change much and total bales were 15 percent higher than their 2002/03 level. For the 2003/04 marketing year, the results indicated lower premiums for low leaf grade and higher premiums for higher staple length, color grade, and higher level of strength. However, premium levels for better than base quality first digit color grade appear to be minimal. Price discounts in 2003/04 for staple length, first and second digit color grade, strength, and uniformity either remained unchanged or decreased, while discounts for leaf, micronaire, and bark increased compared to the 2002/03 levels.
Tschenkéli, Kita: Einführung in die georgische Sprache
Creators: name: Molitor, Joseph
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 45 (1961): Oriens christianus, Band 45
Novel thermal conductivity-mixing ratio-temperature mathematic model for forecasting the thermal conductivity of biodiesel-diesel-ethanol blended fuel
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhongjin
name: Fashe, Li
name: Shuang, Wang
name: Zhang, Huicong
name: Zheng, Yuzeng
name: He, Xuyao
name: Wang, Wenchao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: To explore the thermal conductivity of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel under different temperatures and mixing ratios, three ternary blended fuels, namely, Jatropha/soybean/catering waste oil biodiesel-diesel-ethanol, were prepared. The three biodiesel components were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A Hot Disk 2500S thermal constant analyzer was used to measure the thermal conductivity of the blended fuels in the temperature range of 20–60°C. Thermal conductivities of the three blended fuels increased with increase in temperature, and the three blended fuels had different thermal conductivities at the same temperature and mixing ratio. This may be attributed to the different contents of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters in the blended fuels. The optimal mixing ratio was determined to be 80% diesel, 15% biodiesel, and 5% ethanol. Further, a thermal conductivity (λ) forecasting model related to temperature (t) and mixing ratio (w) was established based on experimental results, and its accuracy was evaluated using correlation coefficients and the average absolute percentage error. The value of the correlation coefficient reached 0.9700 for all three blended fuels, and the value of the average absolute percentage error was 0.2738, 0.2823, and 0.8596%, respectively. Thus, the variation of fuel thermal conductivity with temperature and mixing ratio could be accurately predicted. The findings of this study provide insights for designing thermophysical parameters of biodiesel.
The scaling properties of dissipation in incompressible isotropic three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Merrifield, J. A.
name: Muller, W. -C.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Dendy, R. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical properties of the dissipation process constrain the analysis of large scale numerical simulations of three dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, such as those of Biskamp and Muller [Phys. Plasmas 7, 4889 (2000)]. The structure functions of the turbulent flow are expected to display statistical self-similarity, but the relatively low Reynolds numbers attainable by direct numerical simulation, combined with the finite size of the system, make this difficult to measure directly. However, it is known that extended self-similarity, which constrains the ratio of scaling exponents of structure functions of different orders, is well satisfied. This implies the extension of physical scaling arguments beyond the inertial range into the dissipation range. The present work focuses on the scaling properties of the dissipation process itself. This provides an important consistency check in that we find that the ratio of dissipation structure function exponents is that predicted by the She and Leveque [Phys. Rev. Lett 72, 336 (1994)] theory proposed by Biskamp and Muller. This supplies further evidence that the cascade mechanism in three dimensional MHD turbulence is non-linear random eddy scrambling, with the level of intermittency determined by dissipation through the formation of current sheets.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Figures embedded in text. Typos corrected in text and references. Published in Physics of Plasmas. Abstract can be found at:http://link.aip.org/link/?php/12/022301
Texas-Oklahoma Producer Cotton Market Summary: 2002/2003
Creators: name: Sanders, Dane
name: Wankhede, Pallavi
name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Ethridge, Don E.
name: Sanders, Dane
name: Wankhede, Pallavi
name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Ethridge, Don E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The volume of the Texas-Oklahoma spot cotton market analyzed by the Daily Price Estimation System (DPES) for the 2002/03 marketing year increased from 364,267 bales the previous year to 606,661 bales this year. The average price received by producers during the 2002/03 marketing year was 41.98 cents/lb, which is about 16 cents/lb. higher than the previous year. The 2002 crop was generally of good quality. The average micronaire level was slightly lower in 2002 at 4.33, and the average number of bales having level 1 bark was up in comparison to the 2002 crop. With the exception of strength and micronaire, price discounts for the 2002 crop increased for all quality attributes. Premiums remained about the same for all quality attributes with the exception of leaf. The premiums for lower levels of leaf in the 2002-03 market year showed a relative increase. In regard to strength, the first digit of the color grade, and staple length, producers did not appear to receive much of a premium for better than base qualities.
A Pilot Study of Catching High-$z$ GRBs and Exploring Circumburst Environment in the Forthcoming SVOM Era
Creators: name: Wang, J.
name: Qiu, Y. L.
name: Wei, J. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid spectroscopy of GRB afterglows is an important and hard task. Based on the archival XS-GRB spectral database, we here perform a pilot study on the afterglow's spectroscopy in the forthcoming \it SVOM \rm era in two aspects. At first, our simulation indicates that the color acquired from the \it SVOM\rm/VT blue and red channels is effective in discriminating between low-$z$ ($z\lesssim3$) and distant GRB candidates until $z\sim6$. Secondly, by doubling the sample size, we find that the previously proposed global photoionization response of the circumburst gas to the prompt emission (i.e., the CIV/CII-$L_{\mathrm{iso}}/E^2_{\mathrm{peak}}$ relationship) is roughly confirmed, although the confirmation is dissatisfactory at the large $L_{\mathrm{iso}}/E^2_{\mathrm{peak}}$ end. We believe that this issue can be further addressed in the \it SVOM \rm era by larger spectroscopy sample, thanks to its capability of rapid identification of optical candidates of afterglow and its anti-solar pointing strategy.
description: 8 pages, 1 table and 3 figures, to be published in RAA
Dynasties of demons : cannibalism from Lu Xun to Yu Hua
Creators: name: Keefer, James Robinson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Dynasties of Demons: Cannibalism from Lu Xun to Yu Hua focuses on the issue of representations of the body in modern Chinese fiction. My interest concerns the relationship, or correspondence between "textual" bodies and the physical "realities" they are meant to represent, particularly where those representations involve the body as a discursive site for the intersection of state ideology and the individual. The relationship between the body and the state has been a question of profound significance for modern Chinese literati dating back to the late Qing, but it was Lu Xun who, with the publication of his short story "Kuangren riji" (Diary of a Madman), in 1918, initiated the literaty discourse on China's "apparent penchant for cannibalizing its own people. In the first chapter of my dissertation I discuss L u Xun's fiction by exploring two distinct, though not mutually exclusive issues: (1) his diagnosis of China's debilitating "spiritual illness," which he characterized as being cannibalistic; (2) his highly inventive, counter-intuitive narrative strategy for critiquing traditional Chinese culture without contributing to or stimulating his reader's prurient interests in violent spectacle. To my knowledge I am the first critic of modern Chinese literature to write about Lu Xun's erasure of the spectacle body. In Chapters II, III and IV, I discuss the writers Han Shaogong, Mo Yan, and Yu Hua, respectively, to illustrate that sixty years after Lu Xun's madman first "wrote" the prophetic words, chi ren A (eat people), a number of post-Mao writers took up their pens to announce that the human feast did not end with Confucianism; on the contrary, with the advent of Maoism the feasting began in earnest. Each of these post-Mao writers approaches the issue of China's "spiritual dysfunction" from quite different perspectives, which I have characterized in the following way: Han Shaogong (Atavism); Mo Yan (Ambivalent-Nostalgia); and Yu Hua (Deconstruction). As becomes evident through my analysis of selected texts, despite their very significant differences (personal, geographic, stylistic) all three writers come to oddly similar conclusions that are, in and of themselves, not dissimilar to the conclusion arrived at by Lu Xun's madman.
Dwarf elliptical galaxies in Centaurus A group: stellar populations in AM 1339-445 and AM 1343-452
Creators: name: Rejkuba, M.
name: Da Costa, G. S.
name: Jerjen, H.
name: Zoccali, M.
name: Binggeli, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the red giant populations of two dE galaxies, AM 1339-445 and AM 1343-452, with the aim of investigating the number and luminosity of any upper asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars present. The galaxies are members of the Centaurus A group (D~3.8 Mpc) and are classified as outlying (R~350 kpc) satellites of Cen A. The analysis is based on near-IR photometry for individual red giant stars, derived from images obtained with ISAAC on the VLT. The photometry, along with optical data derived from WFPC2 images retrieved from the HST science archive, enable us to investigate the stellar populations of the dEs in the vicinity of the red giant branch (RGB) tip. In both systems we find stars above the RGB tip, which we interpret as intermediate-age upper-AGB stars. The presence of such stars is indicative of extended star formation in these dEs similar to that seen in many, but not all, dEs in the Local Group. For AM 1339-445, the brightest of the upper-AGB stars have Mbol~-4.5 while those in AM 1343-452 have Mbol~-4.8 mag. These luminosities suggest ages of approximately 6.5+/-1 and 4+/-1 Gyr as estimates for the epoch of the last episode of significant star formation in these systems. In both cases the number of upper-AGB stars suggests that ~15% of the total stellar population is in the form of intermediate-age stars, considerably less than is the case for outlying dE satellites of the Milky Way such as Fornax and LeoI.
description: 18 pages, 19 figures, A&A accepted; high resolution version available from: http://www.eso.org/~mrejkuba/CenA_dEs_I.pdf
Additional file 1 of PyIR: a scalable wrapper for processing billions of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor sequences using IgBLAST
Creators: name: Cinque Soto
name: Finn, Jessica A.
name: Willis, Jordan R.
name: Day, Samuel B.
name: Sinkovits, Robert S.
name: Jones, Taylor
name: Schmitz, Samuel
name: Meiler, Jens
name: Branchizio, Andre
name: Crowe, James E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Generating CDR3 length distributions with the PyIR API. Synthetic sequence data from Briney et al., was used to demonstrate the use of PyIRs API in generating a CDR3 length distribution.
Texas-Oklahoma Producer Cotton Market Summary: 2000/2001
Creators: name: Ward, Jason
name: Nelson, Jeannie
name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Ethridge, Don E.
name: Ward, Jason
name: Nelson, Jeannie
name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Ethridge, Don E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The size of the Texas-Oklahoma spot market analyzed by the Daily Price Estimation System (DPES) for the 2000/2001 marketing year decreased considerably from the previous year. The average price received by producers during the 2000/2001 marketing year was about 50.9 cents/lb. The 2000 crop was generally of good quality, but the averages for the first digit of the color grade and leaf grade detoriated as compared with the 1999 crop. The percentage of bales having level 1 and 2 bark, and level 1 and 2 other extraneous matter decreased in comparison to the 1999 crop. With the exception of the second digit of the color grade price discounts for the 2000 crop decreased for all quality attributes. The premiums for the first digit of the color grade and strength both decreased, while the premium for leaf increased and that of staple remained about the same.
Immobilization of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from contaminated aqueous solution by using sewage produced biochar: Affecting factors and mechanisms
Creators: name: Gope, Manash
name: Das, Anibrata
name: Mondal, Sandip
name: Ghosh, Apurba Ratan
name: Saha, Rajnarayan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The present study focuses on adsorption of chromium (trivalent and hexavalent) by using sewage-produced biochar as well as reduction of the produced sewage. Biochar is produced from municipal sewage to examine the capability of two biochars i.e., prepared at 450°C SWB450 and 550°C SWB550 to sorb trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] using batch experiments. Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) data indicated higher surface area of SWB550 compared to SWB450, which supports the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) results. 4 g L−1 biochar doses emerged as the optimum for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) removal for both biochars at pH 5.0. Performance of SWB550 was 92.9% for Cr(III) and <40% removal for Cr(VI). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) study confirmed the Cr loading on both the biochars. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic models confirmed that the mechanisms behind the sorption of trivalent and hexavalent Cr on SWB450 and 550 biochar were physical sorption and chemical sorption processes. Adsorption via biochar is a cost-effective and simple process compared to electrodialysis, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, electrocoagulation, bioremediation, photocatalysis, etc. Present study provides an effective biochar for Cr removal from wastewater as well as reduction in the generated waste through pyrolysis.
Additional file 1 of Advanced organ support (ADVOS) in the critically ill: first clinical experience in patients with multiple organ failure
Creators: name: Fuhrmann, Valentin
name: Weber, Theresa
name: Roedl, Kevin
name: Motaabbed, Jasmin
name: Tariparast, Adel
name: Jarczak, Dominik
name: Aritz Perez Ruiz De Garibay
name: Kluwe, Johannes
name: Boenisch, Olaf
name: Herkner, Harald
name: Kellum, John A.
name: Kluge, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. ADVOS treatment parameters. Subgroup analysis. Median (IQR25, IQR75). Table S2. Bilirubin elimination in each ADVOS-session depending on bilirubin-levels prior to treatment. Median (IQ25, IQ75). Table S3. Ventilation, hemodynamic and electrolytes directly before and after ADVOS treatments. Subgroup analysis: All, ARDS and severe metabolic acidosis. Median (IQ25, IQ75). Non-parametric paired Wilcoxon test. *p
Probing the Growth of Massive Black Holes with Black Hole-Host Galaxy Spin Correlations
Creators: name: Pan, Zhen
name: Yang, Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are commonly found at the centers of their host galaxies, but their formation still remains an open question. In light of the tight correlation between the BH mass and the velocity dispersions of the bulge component of the host galaxy, a BH-host galaxy coevolution scenario has been established. Such description however still contains many theoretical uncertainties, including the puzzels about the formation of BH seeds at high redshifts and the growth channel fueling these seeds. In this work, we systematically analyze the signatures of different growth channels on MBH spins. We show that different growth channels can be partially distinguished with the magnitudes of MBH spins infered from extreme-mass-ratio-inspirals detected by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. In addition, we propose to measure the correlation between the directions of MBH spins and their host galaxy spins, which is possible for extreme mass-ratio inspirals happening in low-redshift galaxies ($z \le 0.3$). With the inclusion of spin direction correlation different formation channels shall be significantly better constrained.
description: to be submitted
Temperature and particle size dependence of equilibrium order parameter of FePt
Creators: name: Chepulskii, R. V.
name: Butler, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First, second and third nearest neighbor pair mixing potentials for equiatomic FePt alloys were calculated from first principles by the Connolly-Williams method within the canonical cluster expansion formalism. Using the mixing potentials obtained in this manner, the dependency of equilibrium L1_0 ordering on temperature was studied for bulk and for (approximately) spherical nanoparticles ranging in size from 2.5 to 6nm. The order parameter was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation and the analytical ring approximation. For nanoparticles of finite size, the (long range) order parameter changed continuously from unity to zero with increasing temperature. Rather than a discontinuity indicative of a phase transition, we obtained an inflection point in the order as a function of temperature. This inflection point occurred at a temperature below the bulk phase transition temperature and decreased as the particle size decreased. Our calculations predict that 3.5nm diameter particles in configurational equilibrium at 600 C (a typical annealing temperature for promoting L1_0 ordering) have an L1_0 order parameter of approximately 0.84 (compared to a maximum possible value equal to unity). According to our investigations, the experimental absence of (relatively) high L1_0 order in 3.5nm diameter nanoparticles annealed at 600 C or below is primarily a problem of kinetics rather than equilibrium
Additional file 1 of Improving treatment outcomes for leprosy in Pernambuco, Brazil: a qualitative study exploring the experiences and perceptions of retreatment patients and their carers
Creators: name: Khanna, Divya
name: Wildt, Gilles De
name: Luiz Antonio Miranda De Souza Duarte Filho
name: Mitali Bajaj
name: Lai, Jo Freda
name: Gardiner, Esme
name: Fonseca, Andrea Maia Fernandes De Araújo
name: Lindenmeyer, Antje
name: Rosa, Patrícia Sammarco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. TOPIC GUIDE FOR PARTICIPANTS. This file contains details of the topic guides used for interviewing the participants. The first table presents the topic guide for patient participants, while the second table presents the topic guide for carer participants.