cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanismenbasierte Bewertung der Ermüdungslebensdauer von Metallen unter Berücksichtigung der Streuung der mechanischen Eigenschaften
Creators: name: Mittag, Steffen
Publisher: name: Otto von Guericke University Library, Magdeburg, Germany
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Werkstoffmechanik
subject: 620.11292

description: In thermomechanisch hochbelasteten Bauteilen begrenzt das Wachstum von Ermüdungsrissen die Bauteillebensdauer. Es kommen Lebensdauermodelle und Finite-Elemente Simulationen zum Einsatz, um ein vorzeitiges Bauteilversagen zu verhindern. Hierbei werden im Allgemeinen deterministische Werkstoffeigenschaften unterstellt, sodass die Information über die im realen Werkstoff auftretenden Streuungen verloren geht, was eine Unsicherheit im Auslegungsprozess mit sich bringt. In der vorliegenden Ausarbeitung werden Methoden zur adäquaten Bestimmung der Werkstoffkennwerte und zur Beschreibung ihrer Streuung durch statistische Verteilungen entwickelt. Einen wesentlichen Aspekt der Arbeit stellt die Bestimmung von objektiven Werkstoffkennwerten dar, zu deren Zweck ein Robustheitskriterium eingeführt wird. Anhand zahlreicher Versuchsdatensätze der Nickelbasislegierung MARM247 und des niobstabilisierten austenitischen Stahls X6 CrNiNb 18-10 kann diese Methodik ausgearbeitet werden und führt auf ein probabilistisches Lebensdauermodell, dass die Abschätzung des Einfluusses von statistisch verteilten Werkstoffkennwerten auf die Ermüdungslebensdauer erlaubt. Als Ergebnis einer Monte-Carlo Simulation zeigt sich, dass im Vergleich von deterministischer zu probabilistischer Lebensdauerbewertung eine probabilistische Auswertung bei beiden untersuchten Werkstoffen zu einem um circa Faktor zwei größeren Streuband in der Lebensdauer führt. In einem Bauteilkonzept wird die anhand der Versuchsdaten erarbeitete Methodik erweitert, sodass eine Abschätzung des Ein usses von streuenden Werkstoffeigenschaften auf Bauteilebene durch Finite-Elemente Simulationen möglich wird. Es kommt das Two-Layer-Viscoplasticity Modell zum Einsatz. Um die Streuung seiner Werkstoffkennwerte ermitteln zu können, reicht die vorliegende Datenbasis nicht aus, sodass Annahmen zu den Werkstoffkennwerten getroffen werden müssen.
Bulk-boundary correspondence in Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Yoo, Jeongmin
name: Habe, Tetsuro
name: Asano, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss bound states appearing at the interface between two different superconductors characterized by different nontrivial topological numbers such as one-dimensional winding numbers and Chern numbers. The one-dimensional winding number characterizes d_{xy} and p_x wave superconductors. The Chern number characterizes chiral-p, chiral-d, and chiral-f wave superconductors. The interfacial bound state appears at the zero-energy when the topological numbers of the two superconductors are different from each other. When the two superconductors are characterized by the Chern numbers n and m, for example, the number of the zero-energy bound is |n-m| independent of junction parameters such as the phase difference across the junction and the transmission probability of interface. We generalize a concept of bulk-boundary correspondence to the Josephson junctions consisting of two topological superconductors.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Detecting Question-Bearing Turns in Spoken Tutorial Dialogues
Creators: name: Liscombe, Jackson
name: Venditti, Jennifer J.
name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: Current speech-enabled Intelligent Tutoring Systems do not model student question behavior the way human tutors do, despite evidence indicating the importance of doing so. Our study examined a corpus of spoken tutorial dialogues collected for development of ITSpoke, an Intelligent Tutoring Spoken Dialogue System. The authors extracted prosodic, lexical, syntactic, and student and task dependent information from student turns. Results of running 5-fold cross validation machine learning experiments using AdaBoosted C4.5 decision trees show prediction of student question-bearing turns at a rate of 79.7%. The most useful features were prosodic, especially the pitch slope of the last 200 milliseconds of the student turn. Student pre-test score was the most-used feature. Findings indicate that using turn-based units is acceptable for incorporating question detection capability into practical Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Nonadiabatic quantum control of a semiconductor charge qubit
Creators: name: Dovzhenko, Y.
name: Stehlik, J.
name: Petersson, K. D.
name: Petta, J. R.
name: Lu, H.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate multipulse quantum control of a single electron charge qubit. The qubit is manipulated by applying nonadiabatic voltage pulses to a surface depletion gate and readout is achieved using a quantum point contact charge sensor. We observe Ramsey fringes in the excited state occupation in response to a pi/2 - pi/2 pulse sequence and extract T2* ~ 60 ps away from the charge degeneracy point. Simulations suggest these results may be extended to implement a charge-echo by reducing the interdot tunnel coupling and pulse rise time, thereby increasing the nonadiabaticity of the pulses.
description: Related papers at http://pettagroup.princeton.edu
The statistical properties of protein folding in the ϕ^4 theory
Creators: name: Januar, M.
name: Sulaiman, A.
name: Handoko, L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The statistical properties of protein folding within the ϕ^4 model are investigated. The calculation is performed using statistical mechanics and path integral method. In particular, the evolution of heat capacity in term of temperature is given for various levels of the nonlinearity of source and the strength of interaction between protein backbone and nonlinear source. It is found that the nonlinear source contributes constructively to the specific heat especially at higher temperature when it is weakly interacting with the protein backbone. This indicates increasing energy absorption as the intensity of nonlinear sources are getting greater. The simulation of protein folding dynamics within the model is also refined.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Soundbite Detection in Broadcast News Domain
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
name: Maskey, Sameer R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: In this paper, we present results of a study designed to identify SOUNDBITES in Broadcast News. We describe a Conditional Random Field-based model for the detection of these included speech segments uttered by individuals who are interviewed or who are the subject of a news story. Our goal is to identify direct quotations in spoken corpora which can be directly attributable to particular individuals, as well as to associate these soundbites with their speakers. We frame soundbite detection as a binary classification problem in which each turn is categorized either as a soundbite or not. We use lexical, acoustic/prosodic and structural features on a turn level to train a CRF. We performed a 10-fold cross validation experiment in which we obtained an accuracy of 67.4 % and an F-measure of 0.566 which is 20.9 % and 38.6 % higher than a chance baseline. Index Terms: soundbite detection, speaker roles, speech summarization, information extraction.
Additional file 6 of Physical distancing messages targeting youth on the social media accounts of Canadian public health entities and the use of behavioral change techniques
Creators: name: Dimanlig-Cruz, Sheryll
name: Han, Arum
name: Lancione, Samantha
name: Dewidar, Omar
name: Podinic, Irina
name: Kent, Monique Potvin
name: Brouwers, Melissa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 6. Definitions and examples of BCTs found in social media posts with youth-targeted PD messages. Provides definitions of BCTs that were identified from the social media posts and examples in context of PD messages.
CLiMB ToolKit: A Case Study of Iterative Evaluation in a Multidisciplinary Project
Creators: name: Passonneau, Rebecca
name: Blitz, Roberta L.
name: Elson, David K.
name: Klavans, Judith L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: Digital image collections in libraries and other curatorial institutions grow too rapidly to create new descriptive metadata for subject matter search or browsing. CLiMB (Computational Linguistics for Metadata Building) was a project designed to address this dilemma that involved computer scientists, linguists, librarians, and art librarians. The CLiMB project followed an iterative evaluation model: each next phase of the project emerged from the results of an evaluation. After assembling a suite of text processing tools to be used in extracting metadata, we conducted a formative evaluation with thirteen participants, using a survey in which we varied the order and type of four conditions under which respondents would propose or select image search terms. Results of the formative evaluation led us to conclude that a CLiMB ToolKit would work best if its main function was to propose terms for users to review. After implementing a prototype ToolKit using a browser interface, we conducted an evaluation with ten experts. Users found the ToolKit very habitable, remained consistently satisfied throughout a lengthy evaluation, and selected a large number of terms per image.
LSDTopoTools Documentation
Creators: name: Mudd, S. M.
name: Clubb, F. J.
name: Gailleton, B.
name: Grieve, S. W. D.
name: Valters, D. A.
name: Hurst, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: topographic analysis
geomorphology
hydrology
remote sensing
lsdtopotools

description: An updated version of the documentation including instructions for installing LSDTopoTools2.
Software Patents as a Barrier to Scientific Transparency: An Unexpected Consequence of Bayh-Dole
Creators: name: Stodden, Victoria C.
name: Reich, Isabel Rose
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Communication of technical information
Intellectual property

description: Discusses solutions to the reproducibility and dissemination issues in computational science.  Examines the interaction between the digitization of science and Intellectual Property Law, specifically the incentives created by the Bayh‐Dole Act to patent inventions associated with university­‐based research.
Additional file 1 of Seasonal dynamics and molecular differentiation of three natural Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Maculatus group (Neocellia series) in malaria hotspot villages of Thailand
Creators: name: Sumruayphol, Suchada
name: Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat
name: Samung, Yudthana
name: Ruangsittichai, Jiraporn
name: Cui, Liwang
name: Zhong, Daibin
name: Sattabongkot, Jetsumon
name: Sriwichai, Patchara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The information of 29 mosquito samples using for analysis; GenBank accession number sample codes, villages, and coordinates.
Ein Beitrag zur Synthese und Analyse elektrifizierter Fahrzeuggetriebestrukturen aus einer Kombination von Stirnrad- und Planetengetrieben mit Fokus auf die systematische Realisierung einer hinreichenden Gangverteilung
Creators: name: Hirzel, Cathleen
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Antriebstechnik
subject: Getriebelehre
subject: 629

description: The development of electrified vehicle transmissions is becoming increasingly im-portant as they have a major impact on fuel economy and vehicle dynamics. On the basis of already known state of the art synthesis methods for vehicle trans-missions, a theory for electrified transmission structures based on a combination of planetary gear sets and spur gear teeth is developed. This combination supports the display of fixed mechanical gears by two different kind of load paths. Therefore all theoretical gear distributions are determined and examined on their direct shift ability as well as their gear grading quality. Furthermore, special attention is paid to form-fitting switching elements and their coupling with each other. This ap-proach allows both space reductions and improvements to the efficiency. In addi-tion to known hybrid functionalities, electrification allows additional functions for gearboxes, such as the electrical start-up process, the electrical drag force assis-tance as well as active synchronization. These are taken into account in the synthe-sis algorithm. Meaningful evaluation criteria, which qualitatively describe the properties of the examined transmission system, are defined and evaluated. A comprehensive evalu-ation process for all generated transmission structures allows a detailed view into the technical relevance and efficiency of all systems. Last, but not least, significant transmission structures for future vehicle develop-ment will be presented and discussed.
Effect of Genre, Speaker, and Word Class on the Realization of Given and New Information
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
name: Gravano, Agustin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Information technology
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: There is much evidence in the literature that speakers tend to deaccent discourse-given entities, while accenting new ones. However, speakers do not always follow this simple strategy and the causes for such variation are not yet well understood. In this paper, we describe several new forms of variability in the relationship between given/new information and accenting behavior, variation due to individual differences and to word class. We present results indicating that different speakers have different strategies for making new words prominent. We analyze two word-classes – nouns and verbs – in a corpus of spontaneous and read direction-giving monologues, and show that speakers use different combinations of pitch, intensity and inter-word pauses to distinguish between given and new information. Most interestingly, we find that in both genres all speakers tend to produce given verbs with higher intensity than new verbs.
The Role of Information Innovation and Competition
Creators: name: Akcigit, Ufuk
name: Liu, Qingmin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: Innovation is typically a trial-and-error process. While some research paths lead to the innovation sought, others result in dead ends. Because firms benefit from their competitors working in the wrong direction, they do not reveal their dead-end findings. Time and resources are wasted on projects that other firms have already found to be fruitless. This is a major problem, particularly in industries that rely heavily on trial-and-error research. We offer a simple model with two firms and two research lines to study this prevalent problem. We characterize the equilibrium in a decentralized environment that necessarily entails significant efficiency losses due to wasteful dead-end replication and a flight to safety--an early abandonment of the risky project. We show that different types of firms follow different innovation strategies and create different kinds of welfare losses. In an extension of the core model, we also study a centralized mechanism whereby firms are incentivized to disclose their actions and share their private information in a timely manner.
A Modest Proposal for the G20
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Fitoussi, Jean-Paul
name: Gao, Haihong
name: Griffith-Jones, Stephany
name: Huang, Yiping
name: Kenen, Peter
name: Li, Jing
name: Ocampo, Jose A.
name: Reddy, Yaga Venugopal
name: Volz, Ulrich
name: Wade, Robert
name: Wei, Benhua
name: Williamson, John
name: Woo, Wing Thye
name: Xiao, Geng
name: Yongding, Yu
name: Zhang, Liqing
name: Andong, Zhu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: A group of international scholars and policy-makers met in Beijing on 18th of March 2011, to discuss reforms in the international monetary system. There is a general consensus that there is a need for fundamental reforms in that system, which, even if it has not caused recent imbalances and instability in the global economy, has certainly proved ineffective in addressing them. While such reforms will require extensive discussion and deliberation, the consensus of the Beijing Group was that there was a modest proposal which could be adopted this year by the G20: a limited expansion of the current SDR system. This modest proposal, while limited in scope, could be play an important role in initiating discussions of deeper reforms and which would, at the same time, make a modest contribution to restoring the world's fragile economy to health, helping to achieve the aim expressed in the G20 Pittsburgh declaration for a "strong, sustainable and balanced growth".
Observational Study Of the Quasi-Periodic Fast Propagating Magnetosonic Waves and the Associated Flare on 2011 May 30
Creators: name: Shen, Yuandeng
name: Liu, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 2011 May 30, quasi-periodic fast propagating (QFP) magnetosonic waves accompanied by a C2.8 flare were directly imaged by the Atomospheric Imaging Assembly instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The QFP waves successively emanated from the flare kernel, they propagated along a cluster of open coronal loops with a phase speed of 834 km/s during the flare's rising phase, and the multiple arc-shaped wave trains can be fitted with a series of concentric circles. We generate the k-omega diagram of the Fourier power and find a straight ridge that represents the dispersion relation of the waves. Along the ridge, we find a lot of prominent nodes which represent the available frequencies of the QFP waves. On the other hand, the frequencies of the flare are also obtained by analyzing the flare light curves using the wavelet technique. The results indicate that almost all the main frequencies of the flare are consistent with those of the QFP waves. This suggests that the flare and the QFP waves were possibly excited by a common physical origin. On the other hand, a few low frequencies revealed by the k-omega diagram can not be found in the accompanying flare. We propose that these low frequencies were possibly due to the leakage of the pressure-driven p-mode oscillations from the photosphere into the low corona, which should be a noticeable mechanism for driving the QFP waves observed in the corona.
description: Published in ApJ
Challenges in Building an Arabic-English GHMT System with SMT Components
Creators: name: Habash, Nizar Y.
name: Dorr, Bonnie
name: Monz, Christof
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: The research context of this paper is developing hybrid machine translation (MT) systems that exploit the advantages of linguistic rule-based and statistical MT systems. Arabic, as a morphologically rich language, is especially challenging even without addressing the hybridization question. In this paper, we describe the challenges in building an Arabic- English generation-heavy machine translation (GHMT) system and boosting it with statistical machine translation (SMT) components. We present an extensive evaluation of multiple system variants and report positive results on the advantages of hybridization.
Additional file 2 of Seasonal dynamics and molecular differentiation of three natural Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Maculatus group (Neocellia series) in malaria hotspot villages of Thailand
Creators: name: Sumruayphol, Suchada
name: Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat
name: Samung, Yudthana
name: Ruangsittichai, Jiraporn
name: Cui, Liwang
name: Zhong, Daibin
name: Sattabongkot, Jetsumon
name: Sriwichai, Patchara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. GenBank accession numbers of mosquitoes used for phylogenetic tree construction.
title: Dr. Lewis Aronow, PhD Oral History Interview Transcript
Creators: name: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Publisher: name: University Archives, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Year: 2009
Subjects: classificationCode: 3
subject: FOS: Medical and health sciences
classificationCode: 6.1
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: USU Oral History Interview Transcript
Dr. Lewis Aronow, PhD
Founding Chair, Department of Pharmacology
07-07-2009
Interviewed by Emelie Rubin
SU(N) group-theory constraints on color-ordered five-point amplitudes at all loop orders
Creators: name: Edison, Alexander C.
name: Naculich, Stephen G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color-ordered amplitudes for the scattering of n particles in the adjoint representation of SU(N) gauge theory satisfy constraints arising solely from group theory. We derive these constraints for n=5 at all loop orders using an iterative approach. These constraints generalize well-known tree-level and one-loop group theory relations.
description: 16 pages, no figures; v2: minor corrections and clarifications, published version
Geometric Phase and Non-Adiabatic Effects in an Electronic Harmonic Oscillator
Creators: name: Pechal, M.
name: Berger, S.
name: Abdumalikov, A. A.
name: Fink, J. M.
name: Mlynek, J. A.
name: Steffen, L.
name: Wallraff, A.
name: Filipp, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Steering a quantum harmonic oscillator state along cyclic trajectories leads to a path-dependent geometric phase. Here we describe an experiment observing this geometric phase in an electronic harmonic oscillator. We use a superconducting qubit as a non-linear probe of the phase, otherwise unobservable due to the linearity of the oscillator. Our results demonstrate that the geometric phase is, for a variety of cyclic trajectories, proportional to the area enclosed in the quadrature plane. At the transition to the non-adiabatic regime, we study corrections to the phase and dephasing of the qubit caused by qubit-resonator entanglement. The demonstrated controllability makes our system a versatile tool to study adiabatic and non-adiabatic geometric phases in open quantum systems and to investigate the potential of geometric gates for quantum information processing.
Responding to the Crisis
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: The financial crisis that began in August 2007 turned into a recession in late 2008, and is now well on its way to being the longest and deepest downturn since the Great Depression. There is a growing consensus that at certain critical times it has not been well managed. This chapter deals with the four critical problems: (a) monetary stimulation; (b) fiscal policy; (c) dealing with the foreclosure problem; and (d) rescuing failing financial institutions It was written in August, 2008, before the Lehmann Brothers bankruptcy, before the massive bank bailout, before Obama's stimulus package and his foreclosure program. As this chapter goes to press, some eight months later, much has changed—but remarkably, much has stayed the same. I have added at the end of three of the sections a brief "April 2009" postscript.
The silicate model and carbon rich model of CoRoT-7b, Kepler-9d and Kepler-10b
Creators: name: Gong, Yan-Xiang
name: Zhou, Ji-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possible bulk compositions of the super-Earth exoplanets, CoRoT-7b, Kepler-9d, and Kepler-10b are investigated by applying a commonly used silicate and a non-standard carbon model. Their internal structures are deduced using the suitable equation of state of the materials. The degeneracy problems of their compositions can be partly overcome, based on the fact that all three planets are extremely close to their host stars. By analyzing the numerical results, we conclude: 1) The iron core of CoRoT-7b is not more than 27% of its total mass within 1 $σ$ mass-radius error bars, so an Earth-like composition is less likely, but its carbon rich model can be compatible with an Earth-like core/mantle mass fraction; 2) Kepler-10b is more likely with a Mercury-like composition, its old age implies that its high iron content may be a result of strong solar wind or giant impact; 3) the transiting-only super-Earth Kepler-9d is also discussed. Combining its possible composition with the formation theory, we can place some constraints on its mass and bulk composition.
description: 20 pages, 8figures, accepted for publication in RAA. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0707.2895
Additional file 1 of Protocol for a pilot trial to assess the feasibility of the Move More @ Work intervention to encourage employees to take the opportunity to move (be physically active) after every 30 min of sitting
Creators: name: Hargreaves, Elaine A.
name: Haszard, Jillian J.
name: Shaw, Sally
name: Peddie, Meredith C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional File 1:. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Microscopic origin of the linear temperature increase of the magnetic susceptibility of BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$
Creators: name: Skornyakov, S. L.
name: Anisimov, V. I.
name: Vollhardt, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing a combination of \emph{ab initio} band structure theory and dynamical mean-field theory we explain the experimentally observed linear temperature increase of the magnetic susceptibility of the iron pnictide material BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$. The microscopic origin of this anomalous behaviour is traced to a sharp peak in the spectral function located approximately 100 meV below the Fermi level. This peak is due to the weak dispersion of two-dimensional bands associated with the layered crystal structure of pnictides.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Development-Oriented Tax Policy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance
Public policy (Law)

description: No public policy issue is of more importance than the structure and level of taxes. Tax reform has led governments to fall. Proposals to extend the VAT or increase its rates have been a source of political agitation in many countries, including Ecuador and Mexico. In many less developed countries, a shortage of funds impedes development efforts, and yet attempts to expand taxation not only meet enormous political resistance, but also often turn out to be futile. Simplistic recommendations to increase the power of the tax police often backfire—generating substantially more revenue for the tax collectors, but not much extra revenue for the public fisc.
BackSpace : formal analysis for post-silicon debug
Creators: name: De Paula, Flavio Miana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: IC technology continues to closely follow Moore's Law, while the ability to verify designs lags behind. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) predicts production of chips using 16nm technology already by 2015, but the verification gap, i.e., advancements in verification technology not keeping up with advancements in design technology, seems to be also increasing at a fast pace. A recent study shows a drop of more than 10 percentage points in the number of 1st-silicon success from 2002 through 2009. By 2007, more than 2/3 of chips had to be respun due to bugs. The increasing verification gap is to blame. Unfortunately, because more bugs are slipping into the fabricated chip, post-silicon debug is the only way to catch them. Post-silicon debug is the problem of determining what's wrong when the fabricated chip of a new design behaves incorrectly. The focus of post-silicon debug is design errors, whereas traditional VLSI test focuses on random manufacturing defects on each fabricated chip. Post-silicon debug currently consumes more than half of the total verification schedule on typical large designs, and the problem is growing worse. The general problem of post-silicon debug is broad and multi-faceted, spurring a diverse variety of research. In this thesis, I focus on one of the most fundamental tasks: getting an execution trace of on-chip signals for many cycles leading up to an observed bug or crash. Until such a trace is obtained, further debugging is essentially impossible, as there is no way to know what happened on the chip. However, the ever-increasing chip complexity compounded with new features that add non-determinism makes computing accurate traces extremely difficult. Thus, to address this issue, I present a novel post-silicon debug framework, which I call BackSpace. From theory to practice, I have methodically developed this framework showing that BackSpace effectively computes accurate traces leading up to a crash state, has low cost (zero-additional hardware overhead), and handles non-determinism. To support my claims, I demonstrated BackSpace with several industrial designs using simulation models, hardware prototypes, and on actual silicon.
Component reduction in N=2 supergravity: the vector, tensor, and vector-tensor multiplets
Creators: name: Butter, Daniel
name: Novak, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in curved N=2 superspace methods have rendered the component reduction of superspace actions more feasible than in the past. In this paper, we consider models involving both vector and tensor multiplets coupled to supergravity and demonstrate explicitly how component actions may be efficiently obtained. In addition, tensor multiplets coupled to conformal supergravity are considered directly within projective superspace, where their formulation is most natural. We then demonstrate how the inverse procedure -- the lifting of component results to superspace -- can simplify the analysis of complicated multiplets. We address the off-shell N=2 vector-tensor multiplet coupled to conformal supergravity with a central charge and demonstrate explicitly how its constraints and Lagrangian can be written in a simpler way using superfields.
description: 62 pages; v2: added references, typos corrected, minor terminology change; v3: typos corrected; v4: typos corrected, version published in JHEP
Supplementary document for Sb₂S₃-Based Optical Switch Exploiting the Brewster Angle Phenomenon - 6676612.pdf
Creators: name: Pérez-Francés, Diego
name: Santos, Gonzalo
name: resl, Josef
name: LOSURDO, MARIA
name: Gutierrez, Yael
name: Moreno, Fernando
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications

description: Supplementary Information
MAGEAD: A Morphological Analyzer and Generator for the Arabic Dialects
Creators: name: Habash, Nizar Y.
name: Rambow, Owen C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We present MAGEAD, a morphological analyzer and generator for the Arabic language family. Our work is novel in that it explicitly addresses the need for processing the morphology of the dialects. MAGEAD performs an on-line analysis to or generation from a root+pattern+features representation, it has separate phonological and orthographic representations, and it allows for combining morphemes from different dialects. We present a detailed evaluation of MAGEAD.
Inequivalence of time and ensemble averages in ergodic systems: exponential versus power-law relaxation in confinement
Creators: name: Jeon, Jae-Hyung
name: Metzler, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single particle tracking has become a standard tool to investigate diffusive properties, especially in small systems such as biological cells. Usually the resulting time series are analyzed in terms of time averages over individual trajectories. Here we study confined normal as well as anomalous diffusion modeled by fractional Brownian motion and the fractional Langevin equation, and show that even for such ergodic systems time-averaged quantities behave differently from their ensemble averaged counterparts, irrespective of how long the measurement time becomes. Knowledge of the exact behavior of time averages is therefore fundamental for the proper physical interpretation of measured time series, in particular, for extraction of the relaxation time scale from data.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Using a New Sky Brightness Monitor to Observe the Annular Solar Eclipse on 15 January 2010
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Shen, Y. -D.
name: Zhang, X. -F.
name: Liu, N. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the future development of Chinese Giant Solar Telescope (CGST) in Western China, a new sky brightness monitor (SBM) has been produced for the site survey for CGST. To critically examine the performance and sensitivity of SBM, we used it in the observation of the annular solar eclipse in Dali City, Yunnan, on 15 January 2010. The observation met good weather condition with almost clear sky during the eclipse. The SBM measurement translates into the solar illuminance changes at a level of 2.4 \times 10-4I s-1 during the eclipse. The time of the minimal sky brightness in the field of view (FOV) is found consistent with the time of maximum eclipse. Two local sky regions in the FOV are chosen to make time series of calibrated skylight profiles. The evolution of the sky brightness thus calibrated also shows good consistency with the eclipse, particularly between the second and the third contacts. The minimal sky brightness in each local sky region took place within half a minute from the corresponding predicted contact time. Such small time delays were mainly caused by occasional cirri. The minimal sky brightness measured during the eclipse is a few millionths of I\odot with standard deviation of 0.11 millionths of I\odot. The observation supports that the singlescattering process (optically thin conditions) is the main contributor to the atmospheric scattering. We have demonstrated that many important aerosol optical parameters can be deduced from our data.We conclude that the new SBM is a sensitive sky photometer that can be used for our CGST and coronagraph site surveys.
description: Published in Solar Physics
Naming Game on Adaptive Weighted Networks
Creators: name: Lipowska, Dorota
name: Lipowski, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We examine a naming game on an adaptive weighted network. A weight of connection for a given pair of agents depends on their communication success rate and determines the probability with which the agents communicate. In some cases, depending on the parameters of the model, the preference toward successfully communicating agents is basically negligible and the model behaves similarly to the naming game on a complete graph. In particular, it quickly reaches a single-language state, albeit some details of the dynamics are different from the complete-graph version. In some other cases, the preference toward successfully communicating agents becomes much more relevant and the model gets trapped in a multi-language regime. In this case gradual coarsening and extinction of languages lead to the emergence of a dominant language, albeit with some other languages still being present. A comparison of distribution of languages in our model and in the human population is discussed.
description: 22 pages, accepted in Artificial Life
Stable Matching with Incomplete Information
Creators: name: Liu, Qingmin
name: Mailath, George J.
name: Postlewaite, Andrew
name: Samuelson, Larry
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We formulate a notion of stable outcomes in matching problems with one-sided asymmetric information. The key conceptual problem is to formulate a notion of a blocking pair that takes account of the inferences that the uninformed agent might make. We show that the set of stable outcomes is nonempty in incomplete-information environments, and is a superset of the set of complete-information stable outcomes. We then provide sufficient conditions for incomplete-information stable matchings to be efficient. Lastly, we define a notion of price-sustainable allocations and show that the set of incomplete-information stable matchings is a subset of the set of such allocations.
Additional file 2 of Protocol for a pilot trial to assess the feasibility of the Move More @ Work intervention to encourage employees to take the opportunity to move (be physically active) after every 30 min of sitting
Creators: name: Hargreaves, Elaine A.
name: Haszard, Jillian J.
name: Shaw, Sally
name: Peddie, Meredith C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional File 2:. Move More @ Work Trial Registration Data.
Study of the strong $Σ_b\to Λ_b\, π$ and $Σ_b^{*}\to Λ_b\, π$ in a non-relativistic quark model
Creators: name: Hernández, E.
name: Nieves, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for the strong widths corresponding to the $Σ_b\to Λ_b\, π$ and $Σ_b^{*}\to Λ_b\, π$ decays. We apply our model in Ref. Phys. Rev. D 72, 094022 (2005) where we previously studied the corresponding transitions in the charmed sector. Our non-relativistic constituent quark model uses wave functions that take advantage of the constraints imposed by heavy quark symmetry. Partial conservation of axial current hypothesis allows us to determine the strong vertices from an analysis of the axial current matrix elements.
description: 6 latex pages, 1 table, new references added
Gambling Reputation: Repeated Bargaining with Outside Options
Creators: name: Lee, Jihong
name: Liu, Qingmin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We study the role of incomplete information and outside options in determining bargaining postures and surplus division in repeated bargaining between a long-run player and a sequence of short-run players. The outside option is not only a disagreement point but reveals information privately held by the long-run player. In equilibrium, the uninformed short-run players' offers do not always respond to changes in reputation and the informed long-run player's payoffs are discontinuous. The long-run player invokes inefficient random outside options repeatedly in order to build reputation to a level where the subsequent short-run players succumb to his extraction of a larger payoff, but he also runs the risk of losing reputation and relinquishing bargaining power. We investigate equilibrium properties when the discount factor goes to 1 and when the informativeness of outside option diffuses. In both cases, bargaining outcomes become more inefficient and the limit reputation building probabilities are interior.
Scalable Inference and Training of Context-Rich Syntactic Translation Models
Creators: name: Galley, Michel
name: Graehl, Jonathan
name: Knight, Kevin
name: Marcu, Daniel
name: DeNeefe, Steve
name: Wang, Wei
name: Thayer, Ignacio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: Statistical MT has made great progress in the last few years, but current translation models are weak on re-ordering and target language fluency. Syn- tactic approaches seek to remedy these problems. In this paper, we take the framework for acquiring multi-level syntactic translation rules of (Galley et al., 2004) from aligned tree-string pairs, and present two main extensions of their approach: first, instead of merely computing a single derivation that minimally explains a sentence pair, we construct a large number of derivations that include contextually richer rules, and account for multiple interpretations of unaligned words. Second, we pro- pose probability estimates and a training procedure for weighting these rules. We contrast different approaches on real examples, show that our estimates based on multiple derivations favor phrasal re-orderings that are linguistically better motivated, and establish that our larger rules provide a 3.63 BLEU point increase over minimal rules.
Identifizierung von Bifurkationspunkten der zellulären Reprogrammierung und reverse Engineering des Regulationsnetzwerkes der differentiellen Genexpression
Creators: name: Marquardt, Pauline
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Entwicklungsbiologie
subject: 571

description: Cellular differentiation during sporulation of the lower eukaryote Physarum polycephalum (Amoebozoa) was investigated at the level of differential gene expression. During its life cycle this organism develops into a giant multinucleate cell, the so called plasmodium. All nuclei in this plasmodium behave synchronously concerning their state of cell cycle and transcription. This allows time series measurements of gene expression at the level of a single cell. By taking macroscopic samples from these plasmodia without disturbing their way to commitment and differentiation the gene expression levels of 35 sporulation relevant genes was analyzed at different time points during the sporulation process with the multiplex RT-PCR eXpress profiling method. Analyzing the time dependent changes in gene expression in Physarum polycephalum sporulation mutants revealed significant differences to wild type plasmodia. Individually different and stable states of gene expression in differentiating plasmodia could be identified by statistical data analysis. To study the co-regulation of genes an algorithm was implemented to assign the analyzed genes to jointly regulated groups. Based on the co-regulation the regulatory network was reconstructed and modeled as a Petri net. Different Physarum polycephalum sporulation mutants were fused with each other to search for somatic complementation effects. The gene expression levels in both halves of a fused plasmodium were analyzed separately and compared with the expression data of unfused plasmodia. We observed partial recovery of the wild type phenotype in fused plasmodia via effects of complementation. Based on the experimental data the hierarchy of certain differentiation specific blocks in the sporulation cascade has been analyzed and a model for regulation cascades in fused palasmodia was derived. The alternative ways of differentiation in individual Physarum polycephalum plasmodial cells during the sporulation process have been identified. These findings clearly support the theory of aWaddingtontype epigenetic landscape of gene regulation during commitment, cellular reprogramming and differentiation.
On the dynamics of vortex modes within magnetic islands
Creators: name: Hornsby, William
name: Peeters, Arthur
name: Siccinio, Mattia
name: Poli, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work investigating the interaction of magnetic islands with micro-turbulence has uncovered the striking observation of large scale vortex modes forming within the island structure [W.A. Hornsby {\it et al.}, Phys. Plasmas {\bf 17} 092301 (2010)]. These electrostatic vortices are found to be the size of the island and are oscillatory. It is this oscillatory behaviour and the presence of turbulence that leads us to believe that the dynamics are related to the Geodesic Acoustic Mode (GAM), and it is this link that is investigated in this paper. Here we derive an equation for the GAM in the MHD limit, in the presence of a magnetic island modified three-dimensional axisymmetric geometry. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are calculated numerically and then utilised to analyse the dynamics of oscillatory large-scale electrostatic potential structures seen in both linear and non-linear gyro-kinetic simulations.
Self-consistent Green's functions calculation of the nucleon mean-free path
Creators: name: Rios, A.
name: Soma, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extension of Green's functions techniques to the complex energy plane provides access to fully dressed quasi-particle properties from a microscopic perspective. Using self-consistent ladder self-energies, we find both spectra and lifetimes of such quasi-particles in nuclear matter. With a consistent choice of the group velocity, the nucleon mean-free path can be computed. Our results indicate that, for energies above 50 MeV at densities close to saturation, a nucleon has a mean-free path of 4 to 5 femtometers.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Minor changes, bibliography corrected. Accepted version in Phys. Rev. Lett