cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A spider-like outflow in Barnard 5 - IRS 1: The transition from a collimated jet to a wide-angle outflow?
Creators: name: Zapata, Luis A.
name: Arce, Hector G.
name: Brassfield, Erin
name: Palau, Aina
name: Patel, Nimesh
name: Pineda, Jaime E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present line and continuum observations made with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) of the young stellar object Barnard 5 - IRS1 located in the Perseus molecular cloud. Our $^{12}$CO(2-1) line observations resolve the high-velocity bipolar northeast-southwest outflow associated with this source. We find that the outflowing gas shows different structures at three different velocity regimes, in both lobes, resulting in a spider-like morphology. In addition to the low-velocity, cone-like (wide-angle) lobes that have previously been observed, we report the presence of intermediate-velocity parabolic shells emerging very close to the Class I protostar, as well as high velocity molecular bullets that appear to be associated to the optical/IR jet emanating from this source. These compact high-velocity features reach radial velocities of about 50 km s$^{-1}$ away from the cloud velocity. We interpret the peculiar spider-like morphology is a result of the molecular material being entrained by a wind with both a collimated jet-like component and a wide-angle component. We suggest the outflow is in a transitional evolutionary phase between a mostly jet-driven flow and an outflow in which the entrainment is dominated by the wide-angle wind component. We also detect 1300 $μ$m continuum emission at the position of the protostar, which likely arises from the dusty envelope and disk surrounding the protostar. Finally, we report the detection of $^{13}$CO(2-1) and SO(6$_5$-5$_4$) emission arising from the outflow and the location of the young stellar object.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Towards a Formally Verified Security Monitor for VM-based Confidential Computing
Creators: name: Ozga, Wojciech
name: Hunt, Guerney D. H.
name: Le, Michael V.
name: Palmer, Elaine R.
name: Shinnar, Avraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Confidential computing is a key technology for isolating high-assurance applications from the large amounts of untrusted code typical in modern systems. Existing confidential computing systems cannot be certified for use in critical applications, like systems controlling critical infrastructure, hardware security modules, or aircraft, as they lack formal verification. This paper presents an approach to formally modeling and proving a security monitor. It introduces a canonical architecture for virtual machine (VM)-based confidential computing systems. It abstracts processor-specific components and identifies a minimal set of hardware primitives required by a trusted security monitor to enforce security guarantees. We demonstrate our methodology and proposed approach with an example from our Rust implementation of the security monitor for RISC-V.
Comparison of stress induced in rats by four different anaesthetic regimens as recorded by urinary concentrations of corticosterone and testosterone
Creators: name: O'Brien, Deirdre
name: Obi, P Tipi
name: Stodulski, G
name: Saibaba, P
name: Hau, J
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Glucocorticoid levels in body fluids are frequently used as indicators of stress. Corticosterone is the major glucocortieosteroid secreted in laboratory rodents. Urinary concentrations of eorticosterone were measured as indicators of stress induced in rats by four different anaesthetic regimens. Testostemne levels were also measured, as a potential stress parameter. Three of the four anaesthetic regimens used resulted in increased urine levels of eorticosterone. Elevated levels of testosterone were only observed in one of the treatments. In conclusion, eorticosterone may be a useful indicator of stress associated with anaesthetic regimens in rats. However testosterone does not seem to be as sensitive a parameter as eorticosterone but it may prove to be a useful supplement.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 20 No. 2 (1993)
Solar Photospheric Spectrum Microvariability I. Theoretical searches for proxies of radial-velocity jittering
Creators: name: Dravins, Dainis
name: Ludwig, Hans-Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme precision radial-velocity spectrometers enable extreme precision stellar spectroscopy. Searches for low-mass exoplanets around solar-type stars are limited by the physical variability in stellar spectra, such as the short-term jittering of apparent radial velocities. To understand the physical origins of such jittering, the solar spectrum is assembled, as far as possible, from basic principles. Surface convection is modeled with time-dependent 3D hydrodynamics, followed by the computation of hyper-high resolution spectra during numerous instances of the simulation sequences. The behavior of different classes of photospheric absorption lines is monitored to identify commonalities or differences between different classes of lines: weak or strong, neutral or ionized, high- or low-excitation, atomic or molecular. For Fe I and Fe II lines, the radial-velocity jittering over the small simulation area typically amounts to +-150 m/s, scaling to about 2 m/s for the full solar disk. Most photospheric lines vary in phase but with different amplitudes among different classes of lines. Radial-velocity excursions are greater for stronger and for ionized lines, decreasing at longer wavelengths. The differences between various line-groups are about one order of magnitude less than the full jittering amplitudes. By matching very precisely measured radial velocities to the characteristic jittering patterns between different line-groups should enable to identify and to remove a significant component of the stellar noise originating in granulation. To verify the modeling toward such a filter, predictions of solar center-to-limb dependences of jittering amplitudes are presented for different classes of lines, testable with spatially resolving solar telescopes connected to existing radial-velocity instruments.
description: 18 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Experimental set-up for detecting blood pressure, heart rate, and lymphocyte redistribution in the running rat
Creators: name: Espersen, Geert T
name: Ernst, E
name: Sorensen, O
name: Madsen, T
name: Stamp, I
name: Elbaek, A
name: Kahr, O
name: Grunnet, N
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: An experimental set--up for detecting lymphocyte redistribution blood pressureand heart rate in the running rat is presented. The design is based 011 caterisation of the carotid anery which previously has been described. The design offers direct access to the blood stream making it possible to examine different cells and biochemical parameters. Furthermore, eontinnusly monitorering of blood pressure and heart rate both at rest and during exercise is described.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 20 No. 2 (1993)
Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol: Editorial Referees (1967)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1967

description: Pages from the Journal listing editorial referees of the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol. The Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, ISSN: 0033-5649 was founded in 1940 by Howard W. Haggard, M.D., director of Yale University’s Laboratory of Applied Physiology. Later it was renamed the Journal of Studies on Alcohol, and is currently called the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, published at the Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.
Probing the nature of $Y(4260)$ and $Z_c(3900)$ in the isospin violating process $Y(4260) \to J/ψηπ^0$
Creators: name: Wu, Xiao-Gang
name: Hanhart, Christoph
name: Wang, Qian
name: Zhao, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isospin violation process $Y(4260) \to J/ψηπ^{0}$ is studied assuming that $Y(4260)$ is a $D_{1} \bar{D}+c.c.$ hadronic molecule. In association with the production of the $Z_c(3900)$, which is treated as a $D \bar{D}^{*}+c.c.$ hadronic molecule, this process can help us distinguish their molecular natures from other scenarios, since the incomplete cancellation between the charged and neutral--meson loops, which are prominent in the molecular picture only, produces a peak in the $e^+e^-\to Y(4260)\to J/ψηπ^0$ cross section at the $D_{1} \bar{D}+c.c.$ threshold and a very prominent peak in the $J/ψη$ invariant mass spectrum in between the $D \bar{D}^{*}+c.c.$ thresholds; the latter being much narrower than the corresponding one in the isospin conserving channel, i.e. $J/ψπ^+ π^{-}$. The partial width of $Y(4260)\to J/ψηπ^0$ is about $4 \times 10^{-4}$ of that of $Y(4260)\to J/ψπ^+π^-$. The cross section of $e^+e^-\to Y(4260)\to J/ψηπ^0$ at the $D_{1} \bar{D}+c.c.$ threshold is about $0.05 \ \mathrm{pb}$ which is much larger than that produced by the nearby resonances. These features are the direct consequences of the assumed nature of these two states which might be accessible at the high-statistics experiments such as BESIII and LHCb.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Compound Multiple Access Channel with Confidential Messages
Creators: name: Zivari-Fard, Hassan
name: Akhbari, Bahareh
name: Ahmadian-Attari, Mahmoud
name: Aref, Mohammad Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study the problem of secret communication over a Compound Multiple Access Channel (MAC). In this channel, we assume that one of the transmitted messages is confidential that is only decoded by its corresponding receiver and kept secret from the other receiver. For this proposed setting (compound MAC with confidential messages), we derive general inner and outer bounds on the secrecy capacity region. Also, as examples, we investigate 'Less noisy' and 'Gaussian' versions of this channel, and extend the results of the discrete memoryless version to these cases. Moreover, providing numerical examples for the Gaussian case, we illustrate the comparison between achievable rate regions of compound MAC and compound MAC with confidential messages.
description: Accepted at IEEE ICC 2014. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1402.4799
Rainwater harvesting for Addis Ababa city; a Case of Jemo Condominium site
Creators: name: Ashebir Kebede
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: The main objective of this thesis is to assess the potential of rainwater harvesting practice to solve problems of both increasing water demand and storm water in Addis Ababa city. The research is carried out based on case-study of Jemo condominium site, from November 2014 to May 2015 that is found in the southwestern part of Addis Ababa city. The site has about 337 residential blocks with an average roof area of 286m2 and 50 communal blocks with an average roof area of 216m2 roof area and serves for about 9,800 households in which they serve for about 42,140 population.
In Vivo strain measurements in rat femur
Creators: name: Husby, Otto Schnell
name: Indrekvam, Kari
name: Gjerdet, Nils Roar
name: Engesaeter, Lars B.
name: Langeland, Norvald
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate strain in the femora of rats during walking. Uni-directional strain gauge units were implanted. Peak strain at the anterior and medial aspects of the rat femur was compressive, while peak strain at the posterior aspect was tensile during walking. Median strain values at the anterior mid-diaphyseal aspect varied between 297x10-6 and 434x10-6. There were no statistical differences between recordings at different times after implantation as evaluated by daily measurements for one week. Neither was there any statistically significant difference in strain values between the walking speeds of 6.0, 10.2, and 14.7 m/min, or between values for right and left femur. In vitro measurements on replaced gauges corresponded within 5 per cent with results from bones where gauges had been implanted for one week. Waterproofing the strain gauge unit with a resin did not significantly affect the measurements. The method, therefore, enables studies of strain behavior of bone from small species in vivo under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 15 No. 4 (1988)
An asteroseismic age estimate of the open cluster NGC 6866 using Kepler and Gaia
Creators: name: Brogaard, K.
name: Arentoft, T.
name: Miglio, A.
name: Casali, G.
name: Thomsen, J. S.
name: Tailo, M.
name: Montalbán, J.
name: Grisoni, V.
name: Willett, E.
name: Stokholm, A.
name: Grundahl, F.
name: Stello, D.
name: Sandquist, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asteroseismology of solar-like oscillations in giant stars allow the derivation of their masses and radii. For members of open clusters this allows an age estimate of the cluster which should be identical to the age estimate from the colour-magnitude diagram, but independent of the uncertainties that are present for that type of analysis. Thus, a more precise and accurate age estimate can be obtained. We aim to measure asteroseismic properties of oscillating giant members of the open cluster NGC 6866 and utilise these for a cluster age estimate. Model comparisons allow constraints on the stellar physics, and here we investigate the efficiency of convective-core overshoot and effects of rotation during the main-sequence, which has a significant influence on the age for these relatively massive giants. We identify six giant members of NGC 6866 and derive asteroseismic measurements for five of them. This constrains the convective-core overshoot and enables a more precise and accurate age estimate than previously possible. Asteroseismology establishes the helium-core burning evolutionary phase for the giants, which have a mean mass of 2.8 $M_{\odot}$. Their radii are significantly smaller than predicted by current 1D stellar models unless the amount of convective-core overshoot on the main sequence is reduced to $α_{ov} \leq 0.1 H_p$ in the step-overshoot description. Our measurements also suggest that rotation has affected the evolution of the stars in NGC 6866 in a way that is consistent with 3D simulations but not with current 1D stellar models. The cluster age is estimated to be 0.43 $\pm$ 0.05 Gyr, significantly younger and more precise than most previous estimates. We derive a precise cluster age while constraining convective-core overshooting and effects of rotation in the models. We uncover potential biases for automated age estimates of helium-core burning stars.
description: Accepted on 21/08/2023 for publication in Section 7. Stellar structure and evolution of Astronomy & Astrophysics. 20 Pages, 11 Figures + appendix
Occurrence of bone and bone marrow tissues in the aorta of a rabbit
Creators: name: Feinstein, R. E.
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The spontaneous occurrence of bone and myeloid tissues in the aortic wall of a rabbit is reported
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 15 No. 4 (1988)
Schema der Verfassung des Heiligen Römischen Reiches  Deutscher Nation in der Frühen Neuzeit
Creators: name: Hofmann, Andreas C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Verfassung
Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation
Frühe Neuzeit

description: veröffentlicht als aussichten Nr. 1 [01.07.2011], verfasst als Stud.handr. im Jahre 2004.

Die Grafik zeigt den Versuch die verschiedenen, auf diversen Gesetzen und Gewohnheitsrecht beruhenden Strukturen der Verfassung des Heiligen Römischen Reiches synchron darzustellen.
The isolated perfused mouse uterus as a model for the study of implantation in vitro. Methodology and morphology
Creators: name: Lindenberg, S.
name: Holmes, P. V.
name: Sjöblom, P.
name: Janson, P. O.
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: In order to facilitate investigations of mammalian blastocyst implantation in the endometrium, an in-vitro organ perfusion technique was developed. This technique was designed to avoid the drawbacks of inVivo and cell culture investigations, while retaining physiological resolution of the endo- and paracrinology and specifically a normal epithelium to stroma relationship. The ovary, oviduct and uterine horn from 21 mice were perfused in-vitro for 10 hours. The surgical techniques for isolation of the organs as well as the perfusion procedure are described. The resultant morphology of the perfused tissue, including implantations is described and illustrated by light and transmission electron microscopy. The model seems to be useful for studying the mammalian implantation as implantation takes place and decidua is formed during perfusion.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 15 No. 4 (1988)
Maximum-likelihood fits to histograms for improved parameter estimation
Creators: name: Fowler, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Straightforward methods for adapting the familiar chi^2 statistic to histograms of discrete events and other Poisson distributed data generally yield biased estimates of the parameters of a model. The bias can be important even when the total number of events is large. For the case of estimating a microcalorimeter's energy resolution at 6 keV from the observed shape of the Mn K-alpha fluorescence spectrum, a poor choice of chi^2 can lead to biases of at least 10% in the estimated resolution when up to thousands of photons are observed. The best remedy is a Poisson maximum-likelihood fit, through a simple modification of the standard Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for chi^2 minimization. Where the modification is not possible, another approach allows iterative approximation of the maximum-likelihood fit.
description: Accepted by J. Low Temperature Physics, in the Proceedings of Low Temperature Detectors 15
Análisis crítico de las zonas de regulación y planeación en el Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano /
Creators: name: Ortíz Lozano, Leonardo Dagoberto
Publisher: name: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Arrecifes de coral||Veracruz México||Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano||Manejo||Parque Nacional||Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano||Planeación||Oceanografía costera||Tesis
subject: QH541.5.C7 O78 2006

description: El objetivo general de esta tesis fue el de proponer un sistema de indicadores de Presión y Estado que contribuyan al manejo del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano.
Test the Weak Cosmic Supervision Conjecture in Dark Matter-Black Hole System
Creators: name: Meng, Liping
name: Xu, Zhaoyi
name: Tang, Meirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a possibility that the event horizon of a Kerr-like black hole with perfect fluid dark matter (DM) can be destroyed, providing a potential opportunity for understanding the weak cosmic censorship conjecture of black holes. In this study, we analyze the influence of the strength parameter of perfect fluid DM on the destruction of the event horizon of a Kerr-like black hole with spinning after injecting a test particle and a scalar field. We find that, when a test particle is incident on the black hole, the event horizon is destroyed by perfect fluid dark matter for extremal black holes. For nearly extremal black holes, when the dark matter parameter satisfies $α\in \left (-r_{h} , 0\right ) \cup \left ( r_{h} ,k_2\right )$ i.e.$(A<0)$, the event horizon of the black hole will not be destroyed; when the dark matter parameter satisfies $α\in\left ( k_1 ,-r_{h} \right ]\cup \left[0,r_{h}\right ]$ i.e.$(A\ge 0)$, the event horizon of the black hole will be destroyed. When a classical scalar field is incident into the black hole in the extremal black hole case, we find that the range of mode patterns of the scalar field that can disrupt the black hole event horizon is different for different values of the perfect fluid dark matter strength parameter. In the nearly extremal black hole case, through our analysis, we have found when $α\neq0 $ and $α\neq\pm\ r_h$ i.e.$A\neq0$, the event horizon of the black hole can be disrupted. Our research results indicate that dark matter might be capable of breaking the black hole horizon, thus potentially violating the weak cosmic censorship conjecture.
La notte che la legione partì
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: History

description: Si discute dell’incendio che devastò Torino nel 69 d.C. Nella città erano stati acquartierati i Batavi e la Legione XIV. Dopo una lite sorta tra i soldati, Vitellio ordinò alla legione di lasciare la città. La notte che la legione partì, i fuochi dei bivacchi lasciati accesi provocarono l’incendio. In questo articolo vi mostro come la vicenda è stata riportata in letteratura, travisando  il testo di Tacito che narra l’accaduto, per dar la colpa ai Batavi.
title: Antike Verfahren der Würfelverdoppelung in Eutocios Kommentar zur Archimedes "Kugel und Zylinder"
Creators: name: Schölzky, Larissa Angelika
Year: 2023

description: Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist es, das Problem der Würfelverdoppelung mathematisch zu veranschaulichen. Dazu wird zuerst gezeigt, welche Konstruktionen im alten Griechenland mit Zirkel und Lineal möglich waren, und welche Limitation es hierbei gab. In weiterer Folge wird aufgezeigt, wie sich Hippokrates von Chios der Würfelverdoppelung genähert und diese auf die Suche nach zwei mittleren Proportionalen umformuliert hat. Hierzu wird auch ausgeführt, wie Eutocius in seinem Kommentar zu 'Kugel und Zylinder' den von Archimedes verwendeten zwei mittleren Proportionalen begegnet. Schließlich werden die von Eutocius gesammelten zwölf Verfahren behandelt, mit deren Hilfe antike Mathematiker versucht hatten, die Problematik zu lösen. Diese Lösungsversuche werden veranschaulicht und mit heutzutage üblichen mathematischen Verfahren erklärt. Die Masterarbeit richtet sich sowohl an Studierende der Fachmathematik als auch an Lehramtsstudierende der Mathematik.
description: The aim of this master thesis is to analyse the duplication of the cube mathematically. For this purpose, it is first shown which kinds of constructions were possible in ancient Greece with compasses and rulers, and which limitations were imposed. Subsequently, it is shown how Hippocrates of Chios approached the duplication of the cube and how he reformulated it to the search for two middle proportionals. Furthermore, it is explained how Eutocius, in his commentary on 'Sphere and Cylinder', encounters the two middle proportionals used by Archimedes. Finally, the twelve methods collected by Eutocius, with the help of which ancient mathematicians had tried to solve the problem, are addressed. These attempted solutions are illustrated and explained with mathematical procedures commonly used today. The Master's thesis is intended for students of mathematics as well as for students in the teacher's programme.
Protonated hydrogen cyanide as a tracer of pristine molecular gas
Creators: name: Gong, Y.
name: Du, F. J.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Jacob, A. M.
name: Belloche, A.
name: Wang, J. Z.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Yang, W.
name: Quan, D. H.
name: Bop, C. T.
name: Ortiz-León, G. N.
name: Tang, X. D.
name: Rugel, M. R.
name: Liu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protonated hydrogen cyanide, HCNH$^{+}$, plays a fundamental role in astrochemistry because it is an intermediary in gas-phase ion-neutral reactions within cold molecular clouds. However, the impact of the environment on the chemistry of HCNH$^{+}$ remains poorly understood. With the IRAM-30 m and APEX-12 m observations, we report the first robust distribution of HCNH$^{+}$ in the Serpens filament and in Serpens South. Our data suggest that HCNH$^{+}$ is abundant in cold and quiescent regions, but is deficit in active star-forming regions. The observed HCNH$^{+}$ fractional abundances relative to H$_{2}$ range from $3.1\times 10^{-11}$ in protostellar cores to $5.9\times 10^{-10}$ in prestellar cores, and the HCNH$^{+}$ abundance generally decreases with increasing H$_{2}$ column density, which suggests that HCNH$^{+}$ coevolves with cloud cores. Our observations and modeling results suggest that the abundance of HCNH$^{+}$ in cold molecular clouds is strongly dependent on the H$_{2}$ number density. The decrease in the abundance of HCNH$^{+}$ is caused by the fact that its main precursors (e.g., HCN and HNC) undergo freeze-out as the number density of H$_{2}$ increases. However, current chemical models cannot explain other observed trends, such as the fact that the abundance of HCNH$^{+}$ shows an anti-correlation with that of HCN and HNC, but a positive correlation with that of N$_{2}$H$^{+}$ in the southern part of the Serpens South northern clump. This indicates that additional chemical pathways have to be invoked for the formation of HCNH$^{+}$ via molecules like N$_{2}$ in regions in which HCN and HNC freeze out. Both the fact that HCNH$^{+}$ is most abundant in molecular cores prior to gravitational collapse and the fact that low-$J$ HCNH$^{+}$ transitions have very low H$_{2}$ critical densities make this molecular ion an excellent probe of pristine molecular gas.
description: 25 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Early knee OA definition-what do we know at this stage? An imaging perspective.
Creators: name: Li, Xiaojuan
name: Roemer, Frank W
name: Cicuttini, Flavia
name: MacKay, Jamie W
name: Turmezei, Tom
name: Link, Thomas M
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: CT
MRI
imaging
osteoarthritis
radiographs

description: Peer reviewed: True
description: While criteria for early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a primary care setting have been proposed, the role of imaging has been limited to radiography using the standard Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Standardized imaging and interpretation are critical with radiographs, yet studies have also shown that even early stages of radiographic OA already demonstrate advanced damage to knee joint tissues such as cartilage, menisci, and bone marrow. Morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows degenerative damage earlier than radiographs and definitions for OA using MRI have been published though no accepted definition of early OA based on MRI is currently available. The clinical significance of structural abnormalities has also not been well defined, and the differentiation between normal aging and structural OA development remains a challenge. Compositional MRI of cartilage provides information on biochemical, degenerative changes within the cartilage matrix before cartilage defects occur and when cartilage damage is potentially reversible. Studies have shown that cartilage composition can predict cartilage loss and radiographic OA. However, while this technology is most promising for characterizing early OA it has currently limited clinical application. Better standardization of compositional MRI is required, which is currently work in progress. Finally, there has been renewed interest in computed tomography (CT) for assessing early knee OA as new techniques such as weight bearing and spectral CT are available, which may provide information on joint loading, cartilage, and bone and potentially have a role in better characterizing early OA. In conclusion, while imaging may have a limited role in diagnosing early OA in a primary care setting, there are advanced imaging technologies available, which detect early degeneration and may thus significantly alter management as new therapeutic modalities evolve.
Structures of apo Cas12a and its complex with crRNA and DNA reveal the dynamics of ternary complex formation and target DNA cleavage.
Creators: name: Jianwei, Li
name: Jobichen, Chacko
name: Machida, Satoru
name: Meng, Sun
name: Read, Randy J
name: Hongying, Chen
name: Jian, Shi
name: Yuan, Yuren Adam
name: Sivaraman, J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: CRISPR-Cas Systems
RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
DNA Cleavage
RNA
DNA
Bacterial Proteins

description: Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the synchrotron beamline TPS05A at NSRRC, Taiwan.
description: Cas12a is a programmable nuclease for adaptive immunity against invading nucleic acids in CRISPR-Cas systems. Here, we report the crystal structures of apo Cas12a from Lachnospiraceae bacterium MA2020 (Lb2) and the Lb2Cas12a+crRNA complex, as well as the cryo-EM structure and functional studies of the Lb2Cas12a+crRNA+DNA complex. We demonstrate that apo Lb2Cas12a assumes a unique, elongated conformation, whereas the Lb2Cas12a+crRNA binary complex exhibits a compact conformation that subsequently rearranges to a semi-open conformation in the Lb2Cas12a+crRNA+DNA ternary complex. Notably, in solution, apo Lb2Cas12a is dynamic and can exist in both elongated and compact forms. Residues from Met493 to Leu523 of the WED domain undergo major conformational changes to facilitate the required structural rearrangements. The REC lobe of Lb2Cas12a rotates 103° concomitant with rearrangement of the hinge region close to the WED and RuvC II domains to position the RNA-DNA duplex near the catalytic site. Our findings provide insight into crRNA recognition and the mechanism of target DNA cleavage.
Distinguishing an ejected blob from alternative flare models at the Galactic centre with GRAVITY
Creators: name: Vincent, F. H.
name: Paumard, T.
name: Perrin, G.
name: Varniere, P.
name: Casse, F.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
name: Gillessen, S.
name: Armitage, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The black hole at the Galactic centre exhibits regularly flares of radiation, the origin of which is still not understood. In this article, we study the ability of the near-future GRAVITY infrared instrument to constrain the nature of these events. We develop realistic simulations of GRAVITY astrometric data sets for various flare models. We show that the instrument will be able to distinguish an ejected blob from alternative flare models, provided the blob inclination is >= 45deg, the flare brightest magnitude is 14 <= mK <= 15 and the flare duration is >= 1h30.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted by MNRAS
The galaxy counterpart and environment of the dusty Damped Lyman-alpha Absorber at z=2.226 towards Q1218+0832
Creators: name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Christensen, L. B.
name: Geier, S. J.
name: Heintz, K. E.
name: Krogager, J. -K.
name: Ledoux, C.
name: Milvang-Jensen, B.
name: Møeller, P.
name: Vejlgaard, S.
name: Viuho, J.
name: Östlin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on further observations of the field of the quasar Q1218+0832. Geier et al. 2019 presented the discovery of the quasar resulting from a search for quasars reddened and dimmed by dust in foreground damped Lyman-alpha absorbers (DLAs). The DLA is remarkable by having a very large HI column density close to 10^22 cm^-2 . Its dust extinction curve shows the 2175 AA bump known from the Local Group. It also shows absorption from cold gas exemplified by CI and CO molecules. For this paper, we present narrow-band observations of the field of Q1218+0832 and also use an archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image to search for the galaxy counterpart of the DLA. No emission from the DLA galaxy is found in either the narrow-band imaging or in the HST image. In the HST image, we could probe down to an impact parameter of 0.3 arcsec and a 3-sigma detection limit of 26.8 mag per arcsec^2. In the narrow-band image, we probed down to a 0 arcsec impact parameter and detected nothing down to a 3-sigma detection limit of about 3x10-17 erg s^-1 cm^-2 . We did detect a bright Lyman-alpha emitter 59 arcsec south of Q1218+0832 with a flux of 3x10^-16 erg s^-1 cm^-2 . We conclude that the DLA galaxy must be located at a very small impact parameter (<0.3 arcsec, 2.5 kpc) or it is optically dark. Also, the DLA galaxy most likely is part of a galaxy group.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corrections from the proofs have been added
Trouble shooting in colonies of experimental animals
Creators: name: Needham, Jeffrey R
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: In this paper a guide is offered for the investigation of problems in experimental animal colonies. It can not be an exhaustive list of all the potential areas to check. The process has to evolve as the checks are made and the trouble shooter has to adapt to each individual situation. But it is hoped that by discussing the important sections that are likely to involve most problem solving exercises those working in this field will feel more able to carry out their task.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 20 No. 1 (1993)
Kaluza-Klein theory revisited: projective structures and differential operators on algebra of densities
Creators: name: Khudaverdian, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A15, 58A50, 81R99

description: We consider differential operators acting on densities of arbitrary weights on manifold $M$ identifying pencils of such operators with operators on algebra of densities of all weights. This algebra can be identified with the special subalgebra of functions on extended manifold $\hat M$. On one hand there is a canonical lift of projective structures on $M$ to affine structures on extended manifold $\hat M$. On the other hand the restriction of algebra of all functions on extended manifold to this special subalgebra of functions implies the canonical scalar product. This leads in particular to classification of second order operators with use of Kaluza-Klein-like mechanisms.
description: 7 pages. Based on the talk at the conference "The Modern Physics pf Compact Stars and Relativistic Gravity" (Yerevan, September 2013)
WEBINARIO INTERNACIONAL: Liberación del Ventilador Mecánico Recomendación basada en la evidencia
Creators: name: SANTIVAÑEZ, JHOSSMAR CRISTIANS AUZA
name: JIMENEZ, TITA FERNANDEZ DE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: weaning, liberacion de la ventilacion mecanica

description: WEBINARIO INTERNACIONAL: Liberación del Ventilador Mecánico Recomendación basada en la evidencia ORGANIZAN: Hospital Japones, Hospital del Gran Chaco Fray Quebracho, Red de Salud Yacuiba y La Fundación Salud Ciencia y Tecnología EXPOSITORES: Dr. Aurio Fajardo Campoverdi (Chile) Dr. Enrique Monares Zepeda (México) PANELISTAS: Dr. Vladimir Aguilera-Avendaño (Presidente de la Sociedad Boliviana de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica) Bolivia Dra. Daisy Peñarrieta Echenique (Jefe del servicio de UTIP – Hospital de Niños MOS). Bolivia Dra. Tita Fernandez de Jimenez ( (Jefe del servicio de UTIP – Hospital Japones). Bolivia Dr. Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez (Jefe de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva e Intermedia del Hospital Fray Quebracho)
Environmental factors and effects on breeding performances and housing in small laboratory rodents: A technical report
Creators: name: Perrot, A
name: Canard, G
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Based on their professional experience in large scale production of laboratory rodents, the authors report on some documented cases showing the effects of environmental factors on reproductive performances of the rodent strains they produce. Beyond continuation of the effect of a Simple environmental factor (temperature, light) the reported cases show that environmental effects must not be systematically generalized to several strains or, even less, to several species. Moreover, the incidence of associated (complex) factors, which cannot be evaluated without the opportunity of having a control sample must be emphasized. This last point is of major importance when comparing results coming from different laboratories although the maintain environmental factors are a priori identical.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 20 No. 1 (1993)
Circumgalactic Ly$α$ emission around submillimeter-bright galaxies with different quasar contributions
Creators: name: Lobos, Vale González
name: Battaia, Fabrizio Arrigoni
name: Chang, Seok-Jun
name: Gronke, Max
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
name: Chen, Chian-Chou
name: Fu, Hai
name: Obreja, Aura
name: Farina, Emanuele P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present VLT/MUSE observations targeting the extended Lyman-$α$ (Ly$α$) emission of five high-redshift ($z\sim$3-4) submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with increasing quasar (QSO) radiation: two SMGs, two SMGs hosting a QSO, and one SMG hosting a QSO with a SMG companion (QSO+SMG). These sources should be located in dark matter halos of comparable masses (average mass of $M_{\rm DM}\sim10^{12.2}\,{\rm M}_\odot$). We quantify the luminosity and extent of the Ly$α$ emission, together with its kinematics, and examine four Ly$α$ powering mechanisms: photoionization from QSOs/star formation, shocks by galactic/QSO outflows, gravitational cooling radiation, and Ly$α$ photons resonant scattering. We find a variety of Ly$α$ luminosities and extents, with the QSO+SMG system displaying the most extended and bright nebula, followed by the SMGs hosting a QSO, and finally the undetected circumgalactic medium (CGM) of SMGs. This diversity implies that gravitational cooling is unlikely to be the main powering mechanism. We show that photoionization from the QSO and QSO outflows can contribute to power the emission for average densities $n_{\rm H}>0.5\,$cm$^{-3}$. Moreover, the observed Ly$α$ luminosities scale with the QSO's budget of Ly$α$ photons modulo the dust content in each galaxy, highlighting a possible contribution from resonant scattering of QSO's radiation in powering the nebulae. We find larger Ly$α$ linewidths (FWHM$\gtrsim 1200\,$km$\,$s$^{-1}$) than usually reported around radio-quiet systems, pointing to large-scale outflows. A statistical survey targeting similar high-redshift massive systems with known host properties is needed to confirm our findings.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Possible routes of contamination of laboratory rodents kept in research facilities
Creators: name: Nicklas, Werner
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The risk of introducing pathogens or other unwanted microorganisms into research colonies of rodents is higher than into breeding colonies. To achieve a realistic control of infectious agents, a simultaneous attack should be made on all possible routes of contamination. In this context, the importance of an adequate management system in addition to a proper design of the animal facility is stressed. Animals are considered the most important factor. As most infections in rodents are subclinical, exclusion of infection can only be achieved by appropriate diagnostic methods. Further, biological materials which have been passaged in rodents are an important source of microorganisms. They can be stored frozen for many years without any loss of infectivity. Moreover, rodents are at risk from people who frequently act as carriers when they have been in contact with infected animals or contaminated equipment. In addition, the importance of vermin and other risk factors like food, water, and air is briefly discussed.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 20 No. 1 (1993)
Influence of star-forming galaxy selection on the galaxy main sequence
Creators: name: Pearson, W. J.
name: Pistis, F.
name: Figueira, M.
name: Małek, K.
name: Moutard, T.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Pollo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work aims to determine how the galaxy main sequence (MS) changes using seven different commonly used methods to select the star-forming galaxies within VIPERS data over $0.5 \leq z < 1.2$. The form and redshift evolution of the MS will then be compared between selection methods. The star-forming galaxies were selected using widely known methods: a specific star-formation rate (sSFR), Baldwin, Phillips and Terlevich (BPT) diagram, 4000Å spectral break (D4000) cut and four colour-colour cuts: NUVrJ, NUVrK, u-r, and UVJ. The main sequences were then fitted for each of the seven selection methods using a Markov chain Monte Carlo forward modelling routine, fitting both a linear main sequence and a MS with a high-mass turn-over to the star-forming galaxies. This was done in four redshift bins of $0.50 \leq z < 0.62$, $0.62 \leq z < 0.72$, $0.72 \leq z < 0.85$, and $0.85 \leq z < 1.20$. The slopes of all star-forming samples were found to either remain constant or increase with redshift, and the scatters were approximately constant. There is no clear redshift dependency of the presence of a high-mass turn-over for the majority of samples, with the NUVrJ and NUVrK being the only samples with turn-overs only at low redshift. No samples have turn-overs at all redshifts. Star-forming galaxies selected with sSFR and u-r are the only samples to have no high-mass turn-over in all redshift bins. The normalisation of the MS increases with redshift, as expected. The scatter around the MS is lower than the $\approx$0.3~dex typically seen in MS studies for all seven samples. The lack, or presence, of a high-mass turn-over is at least partially a result of the method used to select star-forming galaxies. However, whether a turn-over should be present or not is unclear.
description: 20 pages, 3 appendices, 14 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Breaking free from tunnel vision for climate change and health.
Creators: name: Deivanayagam, Thilagawathi Abi
name: Osborne, Rhiannon Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Generic health relevance
13 Climate Action

description: Acknowledgements: The authors wish to acknowledge the work of Kanahus Manuel and Jan Konietzko, whose ideas on life, health, and carbon tunnel vision have been explored in this paper.
description: Climate change is widely recognised as the greatest threat to public health this century, but 'climate change and health' often refers to a narrow and limited focus on emissions, and the impacts of the climate crisis, rather than a holistic assessment of economic structures and systems of oppression. This tunnel vision misses key aspects of the climate change and health intersection, such as the enforcers of planetary destruction such as the military, police, and trade, and can also lead down dangerous alleyways such as 'net' zero, overpopulation arguments and green extractivism. Tunnel vision also limits health to the absence of the disease at the individual level, rather than sickness or health within systems themselves. Conceptualising health as political, ecological, and collective is essential for tackling the root causes of health injustice. Alternative economic paradigms can offer possibilities for fairer ecological futures that prioritise health and wellbeing. Examples such as degrowth, doughnut economics and ecosocialism, and their relationship with health, are described. The importance of reparations in various forms, to repair previous and ongoing harm, are discussed. Breaking free from tunnel vision is not simply an intellectual endeavour, but a practice. Moving towards new paradigms requires movement building and cultivating radical imagination. The review highlights lessons which can be learnt from abolitionist movements and progressive political struggles across the world. This review provides ideas and examples of how to break free from tunnel vision for climate change and health by highlighting and analysing the work of multiple organisations who are working towards social and economic transformation. Key considerations for the health community are provided, including working in solidarity with others, prioritising community-led solutions, and using our voice, skills, and capacity to address the structural diagnosis-colonial capitalism.
The MPIfR-MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey II. The eccentric double neutron star system PSR J1208-5936 and a neutron star merger rate update
Creators: name: Bernadich, M. Colom i
name: Balakrishnan, V.
name: Barr, E.
name: Berezina, M.
name: Burgay, M.
name: Buchner, S.
name: Champion, D. J.
name: Chen, W.
name: Desvignes, G.
name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Grunthal, K.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Men, Y.
name: Padmanabh, P. V.
name: Parthasarathy, A.
name: Pillay, D.
name: Rammala, I.
name: Sengupta, S.
name: Krishnan, V. Venkatraman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MMGPS-L is the most sensitive pulsar survey in the Southern Hemisphere. We present a follow-up study of one of these new discoveries, PSR J1208-5936, a 28.71-ms recycled pulsar in a double neutron star system with an orbital period of Pb=0.632 days and an eccentricity of e=0.348. Through timing of almost one year of observations, we detected the relativistic advance of periastron (0.918(1) deg/yr), resulting in a total system mass of Mt=2.586(5) Mo. We also achieved low-significance constraints on the amplitude of the Einstein delay and Shapiro delay, in turn yielding constraints on the pulsar mass (Mp=1.26(+0.13/-0.25) Mo), the companion mass (Mc=1.32(+0.25/-0.13) Mo, and the inclination angle (i=57(12) degrees). This system is highly eccentric compared to other Galactic field double neutron stars with similar periods, possibly hinting at a larger-than-usual supernova kick during the formation of the second-born neutron star. The binary will merge within 7.2(2) Gyr due to the emission of gravitational waves. With the improved sensitivity of the MMGPS-L, we updated the Milky Way neutron star merger rate to be 25(+19/-9) Myr$^{-1}$ within 90% credible intervals, which is lower than previous studies based on known Galactic binaries owing to the lack of further detections despite the highly sensitive nature of the survey. This implies a local cosmic neutron star merger rate of 293(+222/-103} Gpc/yr, consistent with LIGO and Virgo O3 observations. With this, we predict the observation of 10(+8/-4) neutron star merger events during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O4 run. We predict the uncertainties on the component masses and the inclination angle will be reduced to 5x10$^{-3}$ Mo and 0.4 degrees after two decades of timing, and that in at least a decade from now the detection of the shift in Pb and the sky proper motion will serve to make an independent constraint of the distance to the system.