Paramesanophrys typica Pan & Fan & Gao & Chen 2016, gen. et sp. nov.
Creators: name: Pan, Xuming
name: Fan, Xinpeng
name: Gao, Shan
name: Chen, Ying
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Oligohymenophorea
Philasterida
Orchitophryidae
Paramesanophrys
Paramesanophrys typica

description: Paramesanophrys typica gen. et sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7B31578B-6C9A-4F80-BAA9-86C9ED9DC735
Figs 2–3, 4A; Table 2
Diagnosis
Size in vivo about 90–100 × 25–35 µm, elongate body, with pointed anterior end and narrowly rounded caudal end; posterior end distinctly depressed where caudal cilium located; buccal field approximately 40% of body length; 20 or 21 somatic kineties; M1 with 8–10 basal bodies in each kinety; M2 and M3 irregularly multi-rowed; scutica comprising c. seven kinetosome pairs; single macronuclear nodule; contractile vacuole caudally positioned; marine habitat.
Etymology
The epithet of this new species, typica (Greek, the type /typical, gender feminine), refers to the fact that it is the type of the new genus, Paramesanophrys gen. nov.
Type locality and ecological features
Coastal waters of Daya Bay (22°66'23'' N, 114°65'09'' E), Guangdong Province, China, with pH 8.0, salinity 31‰ and water temperature about 16 °C.
Type slides
A protargol slide with the holotype specimen encircled in black ink is deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of China (PXM-2011042101). A paratype slide is deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK (2016.3.10.1).
Description
Size 90–100 × 25–35 µm in vivo, body elongate, spindle-shaped, with pointed anterior end (Figs 2 A–B, 3A–D). Posterior end narrowly rounded and distinctly depressed in middle of caudal margin at bottom of caudal cilium (Figs 2A, 3A, F). Buccal field approximately 40% of body length; shape of buccal cavity frequently changed from “falcate-shaped” to oval to circular, then conversed (Figs 2C, 3G, I–N). Pellicle slightly indented at bases of cilia (Figs 2F, 3E, H). Extrusomes spindle-shaped, c. 2–4 µm long (Fig. 2F). Cytoplasm colourless to greyish, containing several to many large (c. 5 μm across) food vacuoles filled with bacteria, often concentrated in anterior and posterior ends of body (Figs 2A, E, 3E, H). Single ellipsoid to spherical macronucleus, c. 15 µm across, no micronucleus observed (Fig. 3R). Contractile vacuole caudally located, approximately 8 μm across during diastole, pulsating at intervals of approximately 30 s (Figs 2A, 3F). Somatic cilia, approximately 10 μm long, densely arranged; single caudal cilium approximately 30 μm long (Figs 2A, 3 E–F). Movement by swimming while rotating about long body axis without pause or by gliding on substrate (Fig. 2D).
Twenty or 21 somatic kineties, extending entire length of body and consisting of dikinetids in most of body and monokinetid in rest of body (Figs 2 G–H, 3S). Buccal apparatus (Figs 2I, 3 O–Q) consisting of PM and three Parauronema -like membranelles. M1 composed of two rows of kinetids with 8–10 basal bodies each (Figs 2I, 3Q). M2 and M3 irregularly multi-rowed. M3 much shorter than M2 (Fig. 3 O–Q).
Abbreviations: CV = coefficient of variation in %; M = median; Max = maximum; Mean = arithmetic mean; Min = minimum; n = number of individuals examined; SD = standard deviation.
* Basal body pairs counted as single units.
PM with paired basal bodies organized in zigzag pattern, extending anteriorly to posterior end of M3 (Figs 2G, I, 3O, Q). Scutica located at posterior end of PM, comprising c. seven or eight kinetosome pairs aligned in line parallel to somatic kineties (Figs 2G, I).
Mesanophrys carcini (Grolière & Léglise, 1977) Small & Lynn in Aescht, 2001 Figs 4B, 5; Table 2
Small & Lynn in Aescht (2001) did not formally combine this species with Mesanophrys Small & Lynn in Aescht, 2001. However, since they fixed it as the type species, they automatically produced the combination.
Some characteristics, e.g., a larger body size and fewer somatic kineties, were found in the Qingdao population. Hence, a description of the Qingdao population as well as a comparison between different populations are supplied.
Description of Qingdao population
Body size 45–65 × 15–25 μm in vivo, spindle-shaped to long fusiform, with pointed anterior end and narrowly rounded caudal end (Fig. 5 A–C). Body shape variable, likely due to nutritional conditions or stage in life cycle: from slender, spindle-like to pyriform (Fig. 5 C–D). Buccal field short and narrow, with length of about 30% of body (Fig. 5B). Somatic cilia densely arranged and about 6–8 µm long (Fig. 5B). Pellicle thin and smooth, with no distinguishable extrusomes. Cytoplasm colourless to slightly greyish, containing several to many differently-sized (3–5 μm) refringent granules (Fig. 5A, D). Single caudal cilium about 15 µm in length (Fig. 5B, arrow) and one large, spherical, centrally located macronucleus; one micronucleus closely associated with macronucleus. Contractile vacuole small (5 μm across), terminally positioned and pulsating at intervals of approximately 30 s (Fig. 5A, arrow). Movement by continuous swimming in water without pause or gliding slowly on substrate.
Ten or 11 somatic kineties, consisting of dikinetids in anterior two-thirds and monokinetid in posterior third of body (Fig. 5G, arrow). M1 slightly separated from apex, composed of two rows of kinetids with 7–9 basal bodies each (Fig. 5 E–F). M2 composed of five or six longitudinal rows, each containing about 6–8 basal bodies (Fig. 5 E–F). M3 located close to M2, much shorter than M2 and composed of three short, irregularly arranged rows of kinetosomes (Fig. 5 E–F). PM extending anteriorly to posterior end of M2. Scutica Y-shaped, with c. four pairs of kinetosomes (Fig. 5 E–F).
Ecological features
Salinity 32‰, pH 7.9 and water temperature about 11 °C.
description: Published as part of Pan, Xuming, Fan, Xinpeng, Gao, Shan & Chen, Ying, 2016, Taxonomy and morphology of four " ophrys-related " scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia), with the description of a new genus, Paramesanophrys gen. nov., pp. 1-18 in European Journal of Taxonomy 191 on pages 4-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.191, http://zenodo.org/record/3837739