cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Differentiable Projection from Optical Coherence Tomography B-Scan without Retinal Layer Segmentation Supervision
Creators: name: Rong, Dingyi
name: Yang, Jiancheng
name: Ni, Bingbing
name: Ke, Bilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Projection map (PM) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scan is an important tool to diagnose retinal diseases, which typically requires retinal layer segmentation. In this study, we present a novel end-to-end framework to predict PMs from B-scans. Instead of segmenting retinal layers explicitly, we represent them implicitly as predicted coordinates. By pixel interpolation on uniformly sampled coordinates between retinal layers, the corresponding PMs could be easily obtained with pooling. Notably, all the operators are differentiable; therefore, this Differentiable Projection Module (DPM) enables end-to-end training with the ground truth of PMs rather than retinal layer segmentation. Our framework produces high-quality PMs, significantly outperforming baselines, including a vanilla CNN without DPM and an optimization-based DPM without a deep prior. Furthermore, the proposed DPM, as a novel neural representation of areas/volumes between curves/surfaces, could be of independent interest for geometric deep learning.
description: ISBI2022
Comparative Snippet Generation
Creators: name: Jain, Saurabh
name: Miao, Yisong
name: Kan, Min-Yen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We model product reviews to generate comparative responses consisting of positive and negative experiences regarding the product. Specifically, we generate a single-sentence, comparative response from a given positive and a negative opinion. We contribute the first dataset for this task of Comparative Snippet Generation from contrasting opinions regarding a product, and a performance analysis of a pre-trained BERT model to generate such snippets.
Additional file 1 of Treatment utilization among people with drug use disorders in prison: a national longitudinal cohort study
Creators: name: Lokdam, Nicoline Toresen
name: Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim
name: Skjaervø, Ingeborg
name: Bukten, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy
Mental Health
Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Colossal piezoresistance in narrow-gap Eu5In2Sb6
Creators: name: Ghosh, S.
name: Lane, C.
name: Ronning, F.
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Zhu, J. -X.
name: Rosa, P. F. S.
name: Thomas, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Piezoresistance, the change of a material's electrical resistance ($R$) in response to an applied mechanical stress ($σ$), is the driving principle of electromechanical devices such as strain gauges, accelerometers, and cantilever force sensors. Enhanced piezoresistance has been traditionally observed in two classes of uncorrelated materials: nonmagnetic semiconductors and composite structures. We report the discovery of a remarkably large piezoresistance in Eu$_5$In$_2$Sb$_6$ single crystals, wherein anisotropic metallic clusters naturally form within a semiconducting matrix due to electronic interactions. Eu$_5$In$_2$Sb$_6$ shows a highly anisotropic piezoresistance, and uniaxial pressure along [001] of only 0.4~GPa leads to a resistivity drop of more than 99.95\% that results in a colossal piezoresistance factor of $5000\times10^{-11}$Pa$^{-1}$. Our result not only reveals the role of interactions and phase separation in the realization of colossal piezoresistance, but it also highlights a novel route to multi-functional devices with large responses to both pressure and magnetic field.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Mathematical surface function-based design and 3D printing of airway stents
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Bengi
name: Kara, Bilge Yilmaz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Script from MathMod library to generate 3D airway stent model - I.
Sampling-based Estimation of the Number of Distinct Values in Distributed Environment
Creators: name: Li, Jiajun
name: Wei, Zhewei
name: Ding, Bolin
name: Dai, Xiening
name: Lu, Lu
name: Zhou, Jingren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In data mining, estimating the number of distinct values (NDV) is a fundamental problem with various applications. Existing methods for estimating NDV can be broadly classified into two categories: i) scanning-based methods, which scan the entire data and maintain a sketch to approximate NDV; and ii) sampling-based methods, which estimate NDV using sampling data rather than accessing the entire data warehouse. Scanning-based methods achieve a lower approximation error at the cost of higher I/O and more time. Sampling-based estimation is preferable in applications with a large data volume and a permissible error restriction due to its higher scalability. However, while the sampling-based method is more effective on a single machine, it is less practical in a distributed environment with massive data volumes. For obtaining the final NDV estimators, the entire sample must be transferred throughout the distributed system, incurring a prohibitive communication cost when the sample rate is significant. This paper proposes a novel sketch-based distributed method that achieves sub-linear communication costs for distributed sampling-based NDV estimation under mild assumptions. Our method leverages a sketch-based algorithm to estimate the sample's {\em frequency of frequency} in the {\em distributed streaming model}, which is compatible with most classical sampling-based NDV estimators. Additionally, we provide theoretical evidence for our method's ability to minimize communication costs in the worst-case scenario. Extensive experiments show that our method saves orders of magnitude in communication costs compared to existing sampling- and sketch-based methods.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 1 of The effects of oral health and social support on health-related quality of life of migrant older with children in Weifang, China
Creators: name: Wang, Jieru
name: Zhao, Jinfeng
name: Tian, Tingting
name: Jiang, Xiaoxu
name: Li, Hexian
name: Pang, Mingli
name: Kong, Fanlei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Measurements of the variables in this study.
Gapped collective charge excitations and interlayer hopping in cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Hepting, M.
name: Bejas, M.
name: Nag, A.
name: Yamase, H.
name: Coppola, N.
name: Betto, D.
name: Falter, C.
name: Garcia-Fernandez, M.
name: Agrestini, S.
name: Zhou, K. -J.
name: Minola, M.
name: Sacco, C.
name: Maritato, L.
name: Orgiani, P.
name: Wei, H. I.
name: Shen, K. M.
name: Schlom, D. G.
name: Galdi, A.
name: Greco, A.
name: Keimer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) to probe the propagation of plasmons in the electron-doped cuprate superconductor Sr$_{0.9}$La$_{0.1}$CuO$_2$ (SLCO). We detect a plasmon gap of $\sim$~120 meV at the two-dimensional Brillouin zone center, indicating that low-energy plasmons in SLCO are not strictly acoustic. The plasmon dispersion, including the gap, is accurately captured by layered $t$-$J$-$V$ model calculations. A similar analysis performed on recent RIXS data from other cuprates suggests that the plasmon gap is generic and its size is related to the magnitude of the interlayer hopping $t_z$. Our work signifies the three-dimensionality of the charge dynamics in layered cuprates and provides a new method to determine $t_z$.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, includes Supplemental Material. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Soft-mask: Adaptive Substructure Extractions for Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Yang, Mingqi
name: Shen, Yanming
name: Qi, Heng
name: Yin, Baocai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For learning graph representations, not all detailed structures within a graph are relevant to the given graph tasks. Task-relevant structures can be $localized$ or $sparse$ which are only involved in subgraphs or characterized by the interactions of subgraphs (a hierarchical perspective). A graph neural network should be able to efficiently extract task-relevant structures and be invariant to irrelevant parts, which is challenging for general message passing GNNs. In this work, we propose to learn graph representations from a sequence of subgraphs of the original graph to better capture task-relevant substructures or hierarchical structures and skip $noisy$ parts. To this end, we design soft-mask GNN layer to extract desired subgraphs through the mask mechanism. The soft-mask is defined in a continuous space to maintain the differentiability and characterize the weights of different parts. Compared with existing subgraph or hierarchical representation learning methods and graph pooling operations, the soft-mask GNN layer is not limited by the fixed sample or drop ratio, and therefore is more flexible to extract subgraphs with arbitrary sizes. Extensive experiments on public graph benchmarks show that soft-mask mechanism brings performance improvements. And it also provides interpretability where visualizing the values of masks in each layer allows us to have an insight into the structures learned by the model.
description: The Web Conference (WWW), 2021
title: Το συσωρευτικό πρόβλημα δρομολόγησης οχημάτων με χρονικά παράθυρα (Cum-CVRPTW) και χρήση αλγορίθμου περιορι-σμένης αναζήτησης (Tabu Search)
title: The cumulative vehicle routing problem with time windows constraints (Cum-CVRPTW) based on the frameworks of Tabu Search
Creators: name: Σεβαστοπουλος Ιωαννη
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2020

description: Το συσσωρευτικό πρόβλημα δρομολόγησης οχημάτων (Cum-CVRP), είναι ένα ειδικό πρόβλημα δρομολόγησης οχημάτων το οποίο υιοθετεί την ανάγκη για γρήγορη εξυπηρέτηση και παροχή κρίσιμων αγαθών μετά από κάποια καταστροφή. Είναι ουσιαστικά μια παραλλαγή του Traveling Repairman Problem, με την προσθήκη του περιορισμού χωρητικότητας και την ύπαρξη ομογενούς στόλου οχημάτων.
         Ενώ οι εμπορικές εφοδιαστικές αλυσίδες εστιάζουν στην ποιότητα και την κερδοφορία, οι ανθρωπιστικές εφοδιαστικές αλυσίδες έχουν ως πρώτο στόχο την ελαχιστοποίηση των ανθρώπινων απωλειών. Το Συσσωρευτικό Πρόβλημα Δρομολόγησης Οχημάτων με Χρονικά Παράθυρα, έχει ως στόχο την ελαχιστοποίηση του χρόνου άφιξης στους πελάτες, αντί για την κλασική ελαχιστοποίηση της απόστασης, έχοντας ως περιορισμούς την χωρητικότητα του οχήματος, καθώς και την εξυπηρέτηση των πελατών εντός χρονικών παραθύρων. Έτσι το πρόβλημα μπορεί να θεωρηθεί ως ένας συνδυασμός δύο NP-hard προβλημάτων της συνδυαστικής βελτιστοποίησης.
         Για την αποτελεσματική αντιμετώπιση αυτού του προβλήματος, σχεδιάστηκε ο αλγόριθμος περιορισμένης αναζήτησης (Tabu Search). Επιπλέον, έχουν σχεδιαστεί μερικές τεχνικές επιτάχυνσης, για να μειώσουν την υπολογιστική πολυπλοκότητα. Ο αλγόριθμος Περιορισμένης Αναζήτησης, για να ξεφύγει η λύση από ένα τοπικό ελάχιστο, χρησιμοποιεί μία συγκεκριμένη στρατηγική σύμφωνα με την οποία, για να αποφευχθούν οι επαναλαμβανόμενοι κύκλοι γύρω από μία ομάδα λύσεων, οι τελευταίες κινήσεις καταγράφονται σε μία λίστα, η οποία ονομάζεται λίστα περιορισμένων κινήσεων (tabu list). Oι συγκεκριμένες κινήσεις απαγορεύτε να επιστρέψουν στη λύση για ένα συγκεκριμένο αριθμό επαναλήψεων. Για να διασαφηνιστεί η αποτελεσματικότητά του, ο αλγόριθμος εξετάζεται στις περιπτώσεις αναφοράς από τη βιβλιογραφία.
Dynamic Light Scattering Study of Temperature and pH Sensitive Colloidal Microgels
Creators: name: Nigro, Valentina
name: Angelini, Roberta
name: Bertoldo, Monica
name: Castelvetro, Valter
name: Ruocco, Giancarlo
name: Ruzicka, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microgel particles composed of Interpenetrated Polymer Networks (IPN) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) dispersed in water have been investigated through dynamic light scattering. The study of the temperature, concentration and pH dependence of the relaxation time has highlighted the existence of a thermoreversible transition corresponding to the swollen-shrunken volume phase transition. The presence of PAAc introduces an additional pH-sensitivity with respect to the temperature-sensitivity due to PNIPAM and leads to interesting differences in the transition process at acid and neutral pH.
Improving the Adversarial Robustness of NLP Models by Information Bottleneck
Creators: name: Zhang, Cenyuan
name: Zhou, Xiang
name: Wan, Yixin
name: Zheng, Xiaoqing
name: Chang, Kai-Wei
name: Hsieh, Cho-Jui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing studies have demonstrated that adversarial examples can be directly attributed to the presence of non-robust features, which are highly predictive, but can be easily manipulated by adversaries to fool NLP models. In this study, we explore the feasibility of capturing task-specific robust features, while eliminating the non-robust ones by using the information bottleneck theory. Through extensive experiments, we show that the models trained with our information bottleneck-based method are able to achieve a significant improvement in robust accuracy, exceeding performances of all the previously reported defense methods while suffering almost no performance drop in clean accuracy on SST-2, AGNEWS and IMDB datasets.
Additional file 1 of Observational cohort study of rilpivirine (RPV) utilization in Europe
Creators: name: Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro
name: Peters, Lars
name: Pelchen-Matthews, Annegret
name: Neesgaard, Bastian
name: De Wit, Stephane
name: Johansen, Isik Somuncu
name: Edwards, Simon
name: Stephan, Christoph
name: Adamis, Georgios
name: Staub, Therese
name: Zagalo, Alexandra
name: Domingo, Pere
name: Elbirt, Daniel
name: Kusejko, Katharina
name: Brännström, Johanna
name: Paduta, Dzmitry
name: Trofimova, Tatyana
name: Szlavik, Janos
name: Zilmer, Kai
name: Losso, Marcello
name: Van Eygen, Veerle
name: Pai, Helen
name: Lundgren, Jens
name: Mocroft, Amanda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Key defintions and additional results mentioned in the text which are not included in the main Tables and Figures.
Rare event failure test case generation in Learning-Enabled-Controllers
Creators: name: Vardhan, Harsh
name: Sztipanovits, Janos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning models have prevalent applications in many real-world problems, which increases the importance of correctness in the behaviour of these trained models. Finding a good test case that can reveal the potential failure in these trained systems can help to retrain these models to increase their correctness. For a well-trained model, the occurrence of a failure is rare. Consequently, searching these rare scenarios by evaluating each sample in input search space or randomized search would be costly and sometimes intractable due to large search space, limited computational resources, and available time. In this paper, we tried to address this challenge of finding these failure scenarios faster than traditional randomized search. The central idea of our approach is to separate the input data space in region of high failure probability and region of low/minimal failure probability based on the observation made by training data, data drawn from real-world statistics, and knowledge from a domain expert. Using these information, we can design a generative model from which we can generate scenarios that have a high likelihood to reveal the potential failure. We evaluated this approach on two different experimental scenarios and able to speed up the discovery of such failures a thousand-fold faster than the traditional randomized search.
Additional file 1 of Target-controlled dialysis for antibiotics (TCD-ABx)
Creators: name: Dejaco, Alexander
name: Dorn, Christoph
name: Lier, Constantin
name: Fleischmann, Daniel
name: Kratzer, Alexander
name: Habler, Katharina
name: Paal, Michael
name: Gruber, Michael
name: Rosenberger, Johanna
name: Kees, Martin G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Additional file 1 of Selected mechanical properties of human cancellous bone subjected to different treatments: short-term immersion in physiological saline and acetone treatment with subsequent immersion in physiological saline
Creators: name: Wang, Fangxing
name: Metzner, Florian
name: Zheng, Leyu
name: Osterhoff, Georg
name: Schleifenbaum, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Flow chart of the detailed data on the samples tested in our study.
Additional file 2 of Selected mechanical properties of human cancellous bone subjected to different treatments: short-term immersion in physiological saline and acetone treatment with subsequent immersion in physiological saline
Creators: name: Wang, Fangxing
name: Metzner, Florian
name: Zheng, Leyu
name: Osterhoff, Georg
name: Schleifenbaum, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. The detailed data of donor bones, cylindrical cores, and samples in our study.
The Impact Of Social Media In The Fight Against The Spread Of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic In Anambra State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Christopher, Onuegbu Okechukwu
name: Wogu, Joseph Oluchukwu
name: Agbo, Jude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study examined the impact of social media in the fight against the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Anambra state, Nigeria. The key objectives are to: find out if the numbers of social media users increased in Anambra state since the wake of coronavirus pandemic; find out if the social media is being utilised in the fight against the spread of coronavirus pandemic in Anambra state; find out how the social media is being utilised in the fight against the spread of coronavirus pandemic in Anambra state; and discover the impact of social media in the fight against the spread of coronavirus pandemic in Anambra State. It was anchored on Agenda Setting Theory, and the Technological Determinism Theory (TDT). The study was designed as a survey with close-ended questionnaire distributed to 400 respondents. The findings of this study revealed that usage and accessibility of social media increased in Anambra state because of coronavirus pandemic. It also revealed that the social media is being utilised by individuals, NGOs and government in the fight against the spread of coronavirus in Anambra state. The study also found that the social media is being utilised to gather and disseminate information, study, transact businesses, among other things. The finding also showed that the social media has positive impact in the fight against the spread of coronavirus in Anambra state. The study concluded that social media has much benefits than negative impact, and should be used to contain the spread of coronavirus. It, among other things, recommended training and empowerment of the citizens on effective utilisation of social media to create impact in the society.
Large deviations of the KPZ equation via the Stochastic Airy Operator
Creators: name: Tsai, Li-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60F10, Secondary 60H25

description: In this article we review the ideas in Tsai (2018) toward proving the one-point, lower-tail large deviation principle for the Kardar--Parisi--Zhang equation.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure; published in the proceedings of the conference Stochastic Analysis, Random Fields and Integrable Probability --- Fukuoka 201, ASPM vol. 87
Additional file 1 of Bridging knowledge gaps: impact of remedial classes on first-year medical students in biochemistry – a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Hegde, Shreelaxmi V.
name: Shetty, Prajna P.
name: Senthilkumar, Monikaa
name: Kandimalla, Ramesh
name: Bernhardt, Grisilda Vidya
name: Pinto, Janita R.T.
name: Mahadevan, Renukadevi
name: Kotian, Shashidhar M.
name: Rashmi, K.S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 1 of Accuracy of high-risk HPV DNA PCR, p16(INK4a) immunohistochemistry or the combination of both to diagnose HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer
Creators: name: Simoens, Cindy
name: Gheit, Tarik
name: Ridder, Ruediger
name: Gorbaslieva, Ivana
name: Holzinger, Dana
name: Lucas, Eric
name: Rehm, Susanne
name: Vermeulen, Peter
name: Lammens, Martin
name: Vanderveken, Olivier M.
name: Kumar, Rekha Vijay
name: Gangane, Nitin
name: Caniglia, Alessandro
name: Maffini, Fausto
name: Rubio, Maria Belén Lloveras
name: Anantharaman, Devasena
name: Chiocca, Susanna
name: Brennan, Paul
name: Pillai, Madhavan Radhakrishna
name: Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy
name: Bogers, Johannes
name: Pawlita, Michael
name: Tommasino, Massimo
name: Arbyn, Marc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: hrHPV DNA PCR versus p16INK4a and combined hrHPV DNA/p16INK4a versus p16INK4a and hrHPV DNA PCR, for RNA positive and negative oropharyngeal cancers.
Electronic confinement of surface states in a topological insulator nanowire
Creators: name: Saxena, Ruchi
name: Grosfeld, Eytan
name: de Graaf, Sebastian E
name: Lindstrom, Tobias
name: Lombardi, Floriana
name: Deb, Oindrila
name: Ginossar, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the confinement of electronic surface states in a model of a topological insulator nanowire. Spin-momentum locking in the surface states reduces unwanted backscattering in the presence of non-magnetic disorder and is known to counteract localization for certain values of magnetic flux threading the wire. We show that intentional backscattering can be induced for a range of conditions in the presence of a nanowire constriction. We propose a geometry for a nanowire that involves two constrictions and show that these regions form effective barriers that allow for the formation of a quantum dot. We analyze the zero-temperature non-interacting electronic transport through the device using the Landauer-Büttiker approach and show how externally applied magnetic flux parallel to the nanowire and electrostatic gates can be used to control the spectrum of the quantum dot and the electronic transport through the surface states of the model device.
Simulating nearly edge-on sloshing in the galaxy cluster Abell 2199
Creators: name: Machado, Rubens E. G.
name: Laganá, Tatiana F.
name: Souza, Gilvan S.
name: Caproni, Anderson
name: Antas, Abraão S. R.
name: Mello-Terencio, Elvis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Off-axis collisions between galaxy clusters may induce the phenomenon of sloshing, causing dense gas to be dragged from the cool core of a cluster, resulting in a spiral of enhanced X-ray emission. Abell 2199 displays signatures of sloshing in its core and it is possible that the orbital plane of the collision is seen nearly edge-on. We aim to evaluate whether the features of Abell 2199 can be explained by a sloshing spiral seen under a large inclination angle. To address this, we perform tailored hydrodynamical $N$-body simulations of a non-frontal collision with a galaxy group of $M_{200}=1.6\times10^{13}\,{\rm M_{\odot}}$. We obtain a suitable scenario in which the group passed by the main cluster core 0.8 Gyr ago, with a pericentric separation of 292 kpc. Good agreement is obtained from the temperature maps as well as the residuals from a $β$-model fit to the simulated X-ray emission. We find that under an inclination of $i=70^{\circ}$ the simulation results remain consistent with the observations.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS; replaced Fig. 2
Pixel Subset Super-Compression of STEM Images
Creators: name: Ede, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: A PDF and latex source files for a paper that I drafted on compressed sensing of scanning transmission electron micrographs based on fixed random subsets of probing locations. The method can also be used for image compression. This paper was never finished as it was superseded by investigations into spiral and uniformly spaced grid scans e.g. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65261-0 and https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10467. The paper is largely complete. However, I provide no guarantee for the accuracy of its contents. It was drafted 1+ years ago with Overleaf.
Radiative Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of the Confined Eruption of a Magnetic Flux Rope: Magnetic Structure and Plasma Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Wang, Can
name: Chen, Feng
name: Ding, Mingde
name: Lu, Zekun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely believed that magnetic flux ropes are the key structure of solar eruptions; however, their observable counterparts are not clear yet. We study a flare associated with flux rope eruption in a comprehensive radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of flare-productive active regions, especially focusing on the thermodynamic properties of the plasma involved in the eruption and their relation to the magnetic flux rope. The pre-existing flux rope, which carries cold and dense plasma, rises quasi-statically before the eruption onsets. During this stage, the flux rope does not show obvious signatures in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission. After the flare onset, a thin `current shell' is generated around the erupting flux rope. Moreover, a current sheet is formed under the flux rope, where two groups of magnetic arcades reconnect and create a group of post-flare loops. The plasma within the `current shell', current sheet, and post-flare loops are heated to more than 10 MK. The post-flare loops give rise to abundant soft X-ray emission. Meanwhile a majority of the plasma hosted in the flux rope is heated to around 1 MK, and the main body of the flux rope is manifested as a bright arch in cooler EUV passbands such as AIA 171 Å~channel.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Additional file 2 of Identifying persistent high-cost patients in the hospital for care management: development and validation of prediction models
Creators: name: de Ruijter, Ursula W.
name: Kaplan, Z. L. Rana
name: Eijkenaar, Frank
name: Maas, Carolien C. H. M.
name: van der Heide, Agnes
name: Bax, Willem A.
name: Lingsma, Hester F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Regression formulas full hospital outpatient visit and hospital admission models.
Web-Based Platform for Evaluation of Resilient and Transactive Smart-Grids
Creators: name: Neema, Himanshu
name: Vardhan, Harsh
name: Barreto, Carlos
name: Koutsoukos, Xenofon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Today's smart-grids have seen a clear rise in new ways of energy generation, transmission, and storage. This has not only introduced a huge degree of variability, but also a continual shift away from traditionally centralized generation and storage to distributed energy resources (DERs). In addition, the distributed sensors, energy generators and storage devices, and networking have led to a huge increase in attack vectors that make the grid vulnerable to a variety of attacks. The interconnection between computational and physical components through a largely open, IP-based communication network enables an attacker to cause physical damage through remote cyber-attacks or attack on software-controlled grid operations via physical- or cyber-attacks. Transactive Energy (TE) is an emerging approach for managing increasing DERs in the smart-grids through economic and control techniques. Transactive Smart-Grids use the TE approach to improve grid reliability and efficiency. However, skepticism remains in their full-scale viability for ensuring grid reliability. In addition, different TE approaches, in specific situations, can lead to very different outcomes in grid operations. In this paper, we present a comprehensive web-based platform for evaluating resilience of smart-grids against a variety of cyber- and physical-attacks and evaluating impact of various TE approaches on grid performance. We also provide several case-studies demonstrating evaluation of TE approaches as well as grid resilience against cyber and physical attacks.
The impact of two non-transiting planets and stellar activity on mass determinations for the super-Earth CoRoT-7b
Creators: name: John, Ancy Anna
name: Cameron, Andrew Collier
name: Wilson, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CoRoT-7 is an active star, whose orbiting planets and their masses have been under debate since their initial detection. In the previous studies, CoRoT-7 was found to have two planets, CoRoT-7b and CoRoT-7c with orbital periods of 0.85 and 3.69 days, and a potential third planet with a period of $\sim$9 days. The existence of the third planet has been questioned as potentially being an activity-induced artefact. Mass of the transiting planet CoRoT-7b has been estimated to have widely different values owing to the activity level of the parent star, the consequent Radial Velocity (RV) 'jitter', and the methods used to rectify this ambiguity. Here we present an analysis of the HARPS archival RV data of CoRoT-7 using a new wavelength-domain technique, scalpels, to correct for the stellar activity-induced spectral line-shape changes. Simultaneous modelling of stellar activity and orbital motions, identified using the l1- periodogram, shows that scalpels effectively reduce the contribution of stellar variability to the RV signal and enhance the detectability of exoplanets around active stars. Using kima nested-sampling package, we modelled the system incorporating a Gaussian Process together with scalpels. The resultant posterior distributions favoured a three-planet system comprising two non-transiting planets, CoRoT-7c and CoRoT-7d with orbital periods of 3.697$\pm$0.005 and 8.966$\pm$1.546 days, in addition to the known transiting planet. The transiting planet CoRoT-7b is found to be a rocky super-Earth with a mass of $M_{b}$=6.06$\pm$0.65 $M_{\oplus}$. The determined masses of $M_{c}$=13.29$\pm$0.69 $M_{\oplus}$ and $M_{d}$=17.14$\pm$2.55 $M_{\oplus}$ suggest the non-transiting planets CoRoT-7c and CoRoT-7d to be structurally similar to Uranus and Neptune.
description: 20 pages including appendix, 22 Figures and 6 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Rectangular core-collapse supernova remnants: application to Puppis A
Creators: name: Meyer, D. M. -A.
name: Velazquez, P. F.
name: Petruk, O.
name: Chiotellis, A.
name: Pohl, M.
name: Camps-Farina, F.
name: Petrov, M.
name: Reynoso, E. M.
name: Toledo-Roy, J. C.
name: Schneiter, E. M.
name: Castellanos-Ramirez, A.
name: Esquivel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Core-collapse supernova remnants are the gaseous nebulae of galactic interstellar media (ISM) formed after the explosive death of massive stars. Their morphology and emission properties depend both on the surrounding circumstellar structure shaped by the stellar wind-ISM interaction of the progenitor star and on the local conditions of the ambient medium. In the warm phase of the Galactic plane (n = 1/cm3, T = 8000 K), an organised magnetic field of strength 7 microG has profound consequences on the morphology of the wind bubble of massive stars at rest. In this paper we show through 2.5D magneto-hydrodynamical simulations, in the context of a Wolf-Rayet-evolving 35 Mo star, that it affects the development of its supernova remnant. When the supernova remnant reaches its middle age (15 to 20 kyr), it adopts a tubular shape that results from the interaction between the isotropic supernova ejecta and the anisotropic, magnetised, shocked stellar progenitor bubble into which the supernova blast wave expands. Our calculations for non-thermal emission, i.e. radio synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation, reveal that such supernova remnants can, due to projection effects, appear as rectangular objects in certain cases. This mechanism for shaping a supernova remnant is similar to the bipolar and elliptical planetary nebula production by wind-wind interaction in the low-mass regime of stellar evolution. If such a rectangular core-collapse supernova remnant is created, the progenitor star must not have been a runaway star. We propose that such a mechanism is at work in the shaping of the asymmetric core-collapse supernova remnant Puppis A.
description: Accepted at MNRAS
Additional file 3 of Identifying persistent high-cost patients in the hospital for care management: development and validation of prediction models
Creators: name: de Ruijter, Ursula W.
name: Kaplan, Z. L. Rana
name: Eijkenaar, Frank
name: Maas, Carolien C. H. M.
name: van der Heide, Agnes
name: Bax, Willem A.
name: Lingsma, Hester F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Distribution of age at baseline of patients who did and did not become Persistent High-Cost.
Additional file 1 of Selective isolation of extracellular vesicles from minimally processed human plasma as a translational strategy for liquid biopsies
Creators: name: Fortunato, Diogo
name: Giannoukakos, Stavros
name: Giménez-Capitán, Ana
name: Hackenberg, Michael
name: Molina-Vila, Miguel A.
name: Zarovni, Nataša
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. (A) Representative nFCM dot plot, showing a single-particle quantification of HEK293 EVs after CFSE staining. As determined after background correction (BC), nearly 88% of EVs incorporated the dye. (B) CD9 expression was determined by labelling HEK293 EVs with CD9-PE. Five independent experiments were plotted, resulting in a mean value of 42%. (C) HEK293-CFSE were spiked in plasma (donor 7) and IP conducted with triple-coated, anti-CD61 and anti-PE beads. Experiment performed in duplicate.
Discovery of an optical cocoon tail behind the runaway HD 185806
Creators: name: Spetsieri, Z. T.
name: Boumis, P.
name: Chiotellis, A.
name: Akras, S.
name: Derlopa, S.
name: Shetye, S.
name: Meyer, D. M. A.
name: Bowman, D. M.
name: Gvaramadze, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies on the circumstellar structures around evolved stars provide vital information on the evolution of the parent star and the properties of the local interstellar medium. In this work, we present the discovery and characterization of an optical cocoon tail behind the star HD 185806. The cocoon apex emission is puzzling, as it is detected in the infrared but shows no signal in the optical wavelength. The H-alpha and [OIII] fluxes of the nebular structure vary from 2.7 to 8.5x10^{-12} erg s^{-1} cm^ {-2} and from 0.9 to 7.0x10^{-13} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2}, respectively. Through high-resolution spectroscopy, we derive the spectral type of the star, construct the position-velocity diagrams of the cocoon tail for the H-alpha, [OIII] and [NII] emission lines, and determine its velocity in the range of -100 to 40 km s ^{-1} . Furthermore, we use SED fitting and MESA evolutionary models adopting a distance of 900 pc, and classify HD 185806 as a 1.3 M star, in the transition phase between the RGB and early AGB stages. Finally, we study the morpho-kinematic structure of the cocoon tail using the astronomical software SHAPE. An ellipsoidal structure, with an inclination of 19 degrees with respect to the plane of sky is found to better reproduce the observed cocoon tail of HD 185806.
description: Accepted 2022 June 29. Received 2022 June 24; in original form 2022 May 26, 14 pages. Dedicated to V.G. who passed away on 2 Sept. 2021
Communication-Efficient Robust Federated Learning with Noisy Labels
Creators: name: Li, Junyi
name: Pei, Jian
name: Huang, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning (FL) is a promising privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm over distributed located data. In FL, the data is kept locally by each user. This protects the user privacy, but also makes the server difficult to verify data quality, especially if the data are correctly labeled. Training with corrupted labels is harmful to the federated learning task; however, little attention has been paid to FL in the case of label noise. In this paper, we focus on this problem and propose a learning-based reweighting approach to mitigate the effect of noisy labels in FL. More precisely, we tuned a weight for each training sample such that the learned model has optimal generalization performance over a validation set. More formally, the process can be formulated as a Federated Bilevel Optimization problem. Bilevel optimization problem is a type of optimization problem with two levels of entangled problems. The non-distributed bilevel problems have witnessed notable progress recently with new efficient algorithms. However, solving bilevel optimization problems under the Federated Learning setting is under-investigated. We identify that the high communication cost in hypergradient evaluation is the major bottleneck. So we propose \textit{Comm-FedBiO} to solve the general Federated Bilevel Optimization problems; more specifically, we propose two communication-efficient subroutines to estimate the hypergradient. Convergence analysis of the proposed algorithms is also provided. Finally, we apply the proposed algorithms to solve the noisy label problem. Our approach has shown superior performance on several real-world datasets compared to various baselines.
description: To appear in KDD 2022
On the scale-height of the molecular gas disc in Milky Way-like galaxies
Creators: name: Jeffreson, Sarah M. R.
name: Sun, Jiayi
name: Wilson, Christine D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between the scale-height of the molecular gas disc and the turbulent velocity dispersion of the molecular interstellar medium within a simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy in the moving-mesh code Arepo. We find that the vertical distribution of molecular gas can be described by a Gaussian function with a uniform scale-height of ~50 pc. We investigate whether this scale-height is consistent with a state of hydrostatic balance between gravity and turbulent pressure. We find that the hydrostatic prediction using the total turbulent velocity dispersion (as one would measure from kpc-scale observations) gives an over-estimate of the true molecular disc scale-height. The hydrostatic prediction using the velocity dispersion between the centroids of discrete giant molecular clouds (cloud-cloud velocity dispersion) leads to more-accurate estimates. The velocity dispersion internal to molecular clouds is elevated by the locally-enhanced gravitational field. Our results suggest that observations of molecular gas need to reach the scale of individual molecular clouds in order to accurately determine the molecular disc scale-height.
description: MNRAS accepted, comments welcome. 14 pages, 10 figures
Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) IV: Metallicity Distributions and Bulge Structure from 2.6 Million Red Clump Stars
Creators: name: Johnson, Christian I.
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Simion, Iulia T.
name: Young, Michael D.
name: Clarkson, William I.
name: Pilachowski, Catherine A.
name: Michael, Scott
name: Marchetti, Tommaso
name: Soto, Mario
name: Kunder, Andrea
name: Koch-Hansen, Andreas J.
name: Vivas, A. Katherina
name: Joyce, Meridith
name: Shen, Juntai
name: Osmond, Alexis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present photometric metallicity measurements for a sample of 2.6 million bulge red clump stars extracted from the Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS). Similar to previous studies, we find that the bulge exhibits a strong vertical metallicity gradient, and that at least two peaks in the metallicity distribution functions appear at b < -5. We can discern a metal-poor ([Fe/H] ~ -0.3) and metal-rich ([Fe/H] ~ +0.2) abundance distribution that each show clear systematic trends with latitude, and may be best understood by changes in the bulge's star formation/enrichment processes. Both groups exhibit asymmetric tails, and as a result we argue that the proximity of a star to either peak in [Fe/H] space is not necessarily an affirmation of group membership. The metal-poor peak shifts to lower [Fe/H] values at larger distances from the plane while the metal-rich tail truncates. Close to the plane, the metal-rich tail appears broader along the minor axis than in off-axis fields. We also posit that the bulge has two metal-poor populations -- one that belongs to the metal-poor tail of the low latitude and predominantly metal-rich group, and another belonging to the metal-poor group that dominates in the outer bulge. We detect the X-shape structure in fields with |Z| > 0.7 kpc and for stars with [Fe/H] > -0.5. Stars with [Fe/H] < -0.5 may form a spheroidal or "thick bar" distribution while those with [Fe/H] > -0.1 are strongly concentrated near the plane.
description: 26 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS; the full data table is very long so only a stub table has been provided here; the full electronic table will be provided through MNRAS upon publication, but early access to the full table will be granted upon request to the authors