cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus aureus adapts to the immunometabolite itaconic acid by inducing acid and oxidative stress responses including S-bacillithiolations and S-itaconations
Creators: name: Loi, Vu Van
name: Busche, Tobias
name: Kuropka, Benno
name: Müller, Susanne
name: Methling, Karen
name: Lalk, Michael
name: Kalinowski, Jörn
name: Antelmann, Haike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Staphylococcus aureus
subject: Itaconic acid
subject: Transcriptome
subject: Metabolome
subject: Itaconation
subject: S-bacillithiolation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen, which has to defend against reactive oxygen and electrophilic species encountered during infections. Activated macrophages produce the immunometabolite itaconate as potent electrophile and antimicrobial upon pathogen infection. In this work, we used transcriptomics, metabolomics and shotgun redox proteomics to investigate the specific stress responses, metabolic changes and redox modifications caused by sublethal concentrations of itaconic acid in S. aureus. In the RNA-seq transcriptome, itaconic acid caused the induction of the GlnR, KdpDE, CidR, SigB, GraRS, PerR, CtsR and HrcA regulons and the urease-encoding operon, revealing an acid and oxidative stress response and impaired proteostasis. Neutralization using external urea as ammonium source improved the growth and decreased the expression of the glutamine synthetase-controlling GlnR regulon, indicating that S. aureus experienced ammonium starvation upon itaconic acid stress. In the extracellular metabolome, the amounts of acetate and formate were decreased, while secretion of pyruvate and the neutral product acetoin were strongly enhanced to avoid intracellular acidification. Exposure to itaconic acid affected the amino acid uptake and metabolism as revealed by the strong intracellular accumulation of lysine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine and methionine. In the proteome, itaconic acid caused widespread S-bacillithiolation and S-itaconation of redox-sensitive antioxidant and metabolic enzymes, ribosomal proteins and translation factors in S. aureus, supporting its oxidative and electrophilic mode of action in S. aureus. In phenotype analyses, the catalase KatA, the low molecular weight thiol bacillithiol and the urease provided protection against itaconic acid-induced oxidative and acid stress in S. aureus. Altogether, our results revealed that under physiological infection conditions, such as in the acidic phagolysome, itaconic acid is a highly effective antimicrobial against multi-resistant S. aureus isolates, which acts as weak acid causing an acid, oxidative and electrophilic stress response, leading to S-bacillithiolation and itaconation.
title: The evolution of the Sinhalese script from the 6th to the 10th century A.D.
Creators: name: Gunasekara, Bandusena
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1974

description: In this study an attempt is made to examine the evolution of the Sinhalese script from the sixth to the tenth century A.D. which period is considered the transitional period in the development of the Sinhalese script. A brief survey of the preceding period is essential to facilitate a proper understanding of the period under consideration. Hence the first chapter in this study is devoted to a description of how the Brahma script came to Ceylon and how it underwent a gradual evolution there. The second and the third chapters discuss the evolution of the Sinhalese script in the sixth and seventh centuries, and compare the similarities and differences that can be observed between it and the Indian scripts of this period. The fourth chapter examines the external influences that helped in the development of the Sinhalese script in the sixth and seventh centuries. We describe how the Brahmi script gradually changed, giving rise to Sinhalese letters, and in this respect the basic changes that took place during the fourth and fifth centuries are also taken into consideration. The fifth chapter describes the evolution of the Sinhalese script in the eighth century while the sixth chapter describes the same in the ninth and tenth centuries. The ninth and tenth centuries are treated in one chapter since no basic differences in features can be observed in the characters of these two centuries. The seventh chapter is devoted to the important features in the evolution of the Sinhalese script in the eighth, ninth and tenth centuries. A comparison is also made between the Sinhailese and the Pallava Grantha script which influenced the change from the old script to the modern Sinhalese script.
The State of Europeanisation: between Clash and Convergence. A comparison of the media coverage of the 2019 European Elections in seven countries
Creators: name: Nordheim, Gerret Von
name: Bettels-Schwabbauer, Tina
name: Di Salvo, Philip
name: Kennedy, Paula
name: Kiss, Kornélia R.
name: Kuś, Michal
name: Pinto Martinho, Ana
name: Stefanikova, Sandra
name: Telo, Décio
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Europeanisation
subject: European Public Sphere
subject: EU Elections
subject: LDA
subject: Topic Modelling
subject: Comparative Research
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen

description: The issue of the Europeanisation of national public spheres is a question as to how a discursive media space can be created within the EU. There are forces of convergence at work, such as networking within the borderless digital space. At the same time, there are counterforces: increasing nationalism and populists who identify 'Brussels' as a target for their criticism of elites. The vision of a European public sphere appears to share the same fate as the European project as such; as a result of years of crisis, optimism has given way to disillusion. Using coverage of the 2019 EU elections in seven European countries (a total of 57,943 articles from Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, the Czech Republic, and the UK), we draw a picture of a heterogeneous EU public. What is particularly clear is that the phenomena of horizontal and vertical Europeanisation require more nuanced interpretations. While a high degree of horizontal Europeanisation indicates convergent and pro-European media coverage (as in the cases of Germany and Portugal), a high degree of vertical Europeanisation may indicate polarised publics or an unfree media landscape (as in the UK and Hungary). From a methodological point of view, the study shows that a combination of computational content analysis and international cooperation between scientists can advance research into the European public.
Exponential Auto-Tuning Fault-Tolerant Control of N Degrees-of-Freedom Manipulators Subject to Torque Constraints
Creators: name: Shahna, Mehdi Heydari
name: Mattila, Jouni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a novel auto-tuning subsystem-based fault-tolerant control (SBFC) system designed for robotic manipulator systems with n degrees of freedom (DoF). It initially proposes a novel model for joint torques, incorporating an actuator fault correction model to account for potential faults and a mathematical saturation function to mitigate issues related to unforeseen excessive torque. This model is designed to prevent the generation of excessive torques even by faulty actuators. Subsequently, a robust subsystem-based adaptive control strategy is proposed to force system states closely along desired trajectories, while tolerating various actuator faults, excessive torques, and unknown modeling errors. Furthermore, optimal SBFC gains are determined by tailoring the JAYA algorithm (JA), a high-performance swarm intelligence technique, standing out for its capacity to optimize without the need for meticulous tuning of algorithm-specific parameters, relying instead on its intrinsic principles. Notably, this control framework ensures uniform exponential stability (UES). The enhancement of accuracy and tracking time for reference trajectories, along with the validation of theoretical assertions, is demonstrated through the presentation of simulation outcomes.
description: This paper has been accepted in the 63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)
title: In a Stationary Population, the Average Lifespan of the Living is a Length-Biased Life Expectancy
Creators: name: Wrigley-Field, Elizabeth
name: Feehan, Dennis
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: length-biased
sampling
size bias
lifespan
life expectancy

description: What is the average lifespan in a stationary population viewed at a single moment in time? Even though periods and cohorts are identical in a stationary population, we show that the answer is not life expectancy, but a length-biased version of life expectancy. That is, the distribution of lifespans of the people alive at a single moment is a self-weighted distribution of cohort lifespans, such that longer lifespans have proportionally greater representation. This result connects stationary population lifespan measures to a well-developed body of statistical results; provides new intuition for established demographic results; generates new insights into the relationship between periods, cohorts, and prevalent cohorts; and offers a framework for thinking about mortality selection more broadly than the concept of demographic frailty.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: In a Stationary Population, the Average Lifespan of the Living Is a Length-biased Life Expectancy, Version 2
Creators: name: Wrigley-Field, Elizabeth
name: Feehan, Dennis
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2021
Subjects: length-biased
sampling
size bias
lifespan
life expectancy

description: What is the average lifespan in a stationary population viewed at a single moment in time? Even though periods and cohorts are identical in a stationary population, we show that the answer is not life expectancy, but a length-biased version of life expectancy. That is, the distribution of lifespans of the people alive at a single moment is a self-weighted distribution of cohort lifespans, such that longer lifespans have proportionally greater representation. This result connects stationary population lifespan measures to a well-developed body of statistical results; provides new intuition for established demographic results; generates new insights into the relationship between periods, cohorts, and prevalent cohorts; and offers a framework for thinking about mortality selection more broadly than the concept of demographic frailty.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: No tree is untouched by the wind: Aspects of composition and improvisation in Balinese gender wayang.
Creators: name: Gray, Nicholas I.W.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2007

description: This thesis is an examination of the music of the Balinese gender wayang, the quartet of metallophones (gender) that accompanies the Balinese shadow puppet play (wayang kulit). The research focuses on processes of musical variation, the main means of creating new music in this genre, and the implications of these processes for the social and historical study of Balinese music, musical aesthetics, concepts of creativity and compositional methods. Firstly, it studies the processes of composition and variation-making in this unnotated tradition. Secondly, it examines the relationship between precomposition and spontaneous variation-making. Thirdly, it explores concepts of musical composition, variation, improvisation and creativity in gender wayang, which shed light on attitudes to these processes in Bali in general. These processes are examined in two main geographical areas: Sukawati in South Bali and, secondly, the contrasting area of East Bali, particularly the villages of Budakeling and Tenganan. Part 1 (chapters 1 to 3) describes the context of gender wayang within Balinese musical and ritual life and gives an overview of improvisation and composition in Balinese music. It also contains a review of existing literature on gender wayang (chapter 2) and an overview of relevant ethnomusicological theories of improvisation and composition (chapter 3). In part 2 (chapters 4 to 6), I examine compositional techniques in gender wayang in more depth, as well as aspects of regional variation, before analysing the processes at work in a spectrum from the more improvised to the more pre-composed, illuminated by players' comments (chapter 6). Finally, in part 3 (chapters 7 and 8), I draw out and bring into focus certain themes raised by the processes described in the previous chapters, particularly those that relate to changing social contexts for the music.
title: Racial Disparities in COVID-19 and Excess Mortality in Minnesota
Creators: name: Wrigley-Field, Elizabeth
name: Garcia, Sarah
name: Leider, Jonathon P.
name: Robertson, Christopher
name: Wurtz, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID-19
excess mortality
racial disparities

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has produced vastly disproportionate deaths for communities of color in the United States. Minnesota seemingly stands out as an exception to this national pattern, with white Minnesotans accounting for 80% of the population and 82% of COVID-19 deaths. We examine confirmed COVID mortality alongside deaths indirectly attributable to the pandemic – ‘excess mortality’ -- in Minnesota. This analysis reveals profound racial disparities: age-adjusted excess mortality rates for whites are exceeded by a factor of 2.8-5.3 for all other racial groups, with the highest rates among Black, Latino, and Native Minnesotans. The seemingly small disparities in COVID deaths in Minnesota reflect the interaction of three factors: the natural history of the disease whose early toll was heavily concentrated in nursing homes; an exceptionally divergent age distribution in the state; and a greatly different proportion of excess mortality captured in confirmed-COVID rates for white Minnesotans compared with most other groups.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
HEB920193_suppl_appendices – Supplemental material for School Breakfast Club Programs in Australian Primary Schools, Not Just Addressing Food Insecurity: A Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Jose, Kim
name: MacDonald, Fiona
name: Vandenberg, Miriam
name: Williams, Julie
name: Abbott-Chapman, Joan
name: Venn, Alison
name: Smith, Kylie J.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, HEB920193_suppl_appendices for School Breakfast Club Programs in Australian Primary Schools, Not Just Addressing Food Insecurity: A Qualitative Study by Kim Jose, Fiona MacDonald, Miriam Vandenberg, Julie Williams, Joan Abbott-Chapman, Alison Venn and Kylie J. Smith in Health Education & Behavior
Adiabatic response and quantum thermoelectrics for ac-driven quantum systems
Creators: name: Ludovico, Marìa Florencia
name: Battista, Francesca
name: Oppen, Felix Von
name: Arrachea, Liliana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik

description: We generalize the theory of thermoelectrics to include coherent electron systems under adiabatic ac driving, accounting for quantum pumping of charge and heat, as well as for the work exchanged between the electron system and driving potentials. We derive the relevant response coefficients in the adiabatic regime and show that they obey generalized Onsager reciprocity relations. We analyze the consequences of our generalized thermoelectric framework for quantum motors, generators, heat engines, and heat pumps, characterizing them in terms of efficiencies and figures of merit. We illustrate these concepts in a model for a quantum pump.
«La mañana del búho» by Claudio Rodríguez
Creators: name: Mistrorigo, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2016

description:

The aim of this article is to critically read Rodríguez’s poem «La mañana del búho» dealing with the author’s vocal version recorded in 1989 during a public event at the Residencia de Estudiantes in Madrid. After transcribing the vocal version and placing it beside the poem published in 1991 within Casi una leyenda, the two texts will be compared demonstrating how changes decided by the author can enhance our hermeneutical approach and extend the poem’s interpretation. This approach will also give a philological insight on Rodríguez’s writing process considering his vocal version as a proper manuscript of a previous stage in relation to the published text. Rodríguez’s words presenting his text during the public reading at the Residencia are also considered in order to connect the poem within the larger author’s creative trajectory.

description: Rassegna iberistica
Increased immune marker variance in a population of invasive birds
Creators: name: Prüter, Hanna
name: Franz, Mathias
name: Twietmeyer, Sönke
name: Böhm, Niklas
name: Middendorff, Gudrun
name: Portas, Ruben
name: Melzheimer, Jörg
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
name: Greenwood, Alex D.
name: Lüschow, Dörte
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: increased competitive ability
subject: Riemerella anatipestifer
subject: ecological immunology
subject: genetic diversity
subject: humoral immunity
subject: Rhinella marina
subject: enemy release
subject: parasites
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Immunity and parasites have been linked to the success of invasive species. Especially lower parasite burden in invasive populations has been suggested to enable a general downregulation of immune investment (Enemy Release and Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability Hypotheses). Simultaneously, keeping high immune competence towards potentially newly acquired parasites in the invasive range is essential to allow population growth. To investigate the variation of immune effectors of invasive species, we compared the mean and variance of multiple immune effectors in the context of parasite prevalence in an invasive and a native Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) population. Three of ten immune effectors measured showed higher variance in the invasive population. Mean levels were higher in the invasive population for three effectors but lower for eosinophil granulocytes. Parasite prevalence depended on the parasite taxa investigated. We suggest that variation of specific immune effectors, which may be important for invasion success, may lead to higher variance and enable invasive species to reduce the overall physiological cost of immunity while maintaining the ability to efficiently defend against novel parasites encountered.
title: Did the Urban Mortality Penalty Disappear? Revisiting the Early Twentieth Century’s Urban-Rural Mortality Convergence
Creators: name: Feigenbaum, James
name: Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren
name: Wrigley-Field, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: mortality rates
urban mortality penalty
rural health
demographic transition
population health

description: Over the early twentieth-century, mortality converged between urban and rural areas. This convergence has been attributed to public health infrastructure investments in cities. In this study, we revisit this narrative using disaggregated city and rural mortality data. While our initial findings confirm the stylized narrative suggesting a negligible urban penalty by 1900, when we examine age-standardized mortality rates, we show that the urban mortality penalty persists until 1936. We attribute this pattern to the large share of (low mortality) young adults in cities and the considerable proportion of (high mortality) children in rural areas. We then consider by-cause mortality and document three intriguing patterns. First, tuberculosis mortality quickly converged between urban and rural areas after 1918, which suggests that the 1918 influenza pandemic may have played a role in narrowing the urban penalty. Second, mortality from gastrointestinal illnesses was persistently higher in urban areas, suggesting that infrastructure investments cannot fully explain the urban-rural convergence. Third, large cities continued to struggle with respiratory-related deaths, while these respiratory illnesses pose little threat to smaller cities and rural areas.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: Racial Disparities in Mortality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in United States Cities
Creators: name: Eiermann, Martin
name: Wrigley-Field, Elizabeth
name: Boen, Courtney
name: Feigenbaum, James
name: Helgertz, Jonas
name: Hernandez, Elaine
name: Muller, Christopher
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: 1918 influenza pandemic
racial disparities
non-pharmaceutical interventions
immunological imprinting

description: The 1918 influenza pandemic stands out for its extreme virulence and unusual age pattern of mortality. Here, we aim to elevate a third unusual feature of its course through United States cities to the same level of scientific prominence: the pandemic produced strikingly small racial disparities in mortality, against a backdrop of extreme racial inequality in the era. We provide the most complete account of racial disparities in influenza and pneumonia mortality in U.S. cities in 1918, showing that they were almost uniformly small. We also advance and evaluate four hypotheses as to why racial disparities in the 1918-1919 pandemic were so small relative to those in proximate years. In particular, we assess hypotheses related to socio-demographic characteristics like segregation, city-level implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, racial differences in exposure to the 1918 herald wave, and racial differences in early-life exposures to other influenza strains that could have resulted in differences in immunological vulnerability to the 1918 flu. The results suggest the importance of considering in depth the interactions between the natural history of a particular microbial agent and the social history of the populations it infects.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: Representing the nation: Competing symbolic repertoires in India.
Creators: name: Vittorini, Simona
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2006

description: In order to fully understand and appreciate India's contested national identity, one must look at the emergence and evolution of India's national symbolic repertoires. Indeed, political symbols are necessary elements for the defining national identities. Besides facilitating the process of identification, national symbols also generate powerful visions of the nation. Significantly, at the heart of the battle for the definition of the nation there is often a struggle over symbols and myths, which is fought, in good part, through rituals. Indeed, the more problematic the definition of nationhood, the greater the need to create symbolic structures which may substantiate and support a particular idea of the nation. Throughout the contemporary history of India, competing nationalist ideologies have engaged in a search for appropriate symbolic repertoires that could be meaningful and acceptable to most of the Indian population. In the absence of familiar parameters of national identity such as ethnicity, language, religion and culture, unusual registers of national belonging became important markers of India's contested national identity during the colonial and post-colonial period. Given the importance of symbolic politics, it is surprising that so little attention has been devoted to a systematic study of the symbolic repertoires of India's competing nationalist ideologies. Therefore, this thesis intends to make a contribution in this field. The main aims of this study were to obtain a general picture of the evolution and establishment of symbols of nationhood in India. I have drawn on modernist and constructivist theories of nationalism and based on the identification and analysis of India's symbols of the nation and of national identity during its anti-colonial struggle, the Nehruvian era, and in the contemporary moment, and on an in-depth review of the existing literature. While bringing to the fore the complex relationship between the nation and pre-existing ethno-symbolic resources, the findings of this study help to shed light on the operational dynamics at play in the construction of nationalist symbol complexes and national identity in India.
«Fruta podrida»
Creators: name: Ferrús, Beatriz
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2016

description:

The work of the successful Chilean writer Lina Meruane has received little critical attention. Her novel Fruta podrida covers some of the most recurrent themes of her production: women, illness and centre/periphery relations. A theoretical analysis of this text is proposed from the notions of biopolitics and abject, but also from the formal strategies that pursue a decomposed and body writing.

description: Rassegna iberistica
Paucituberculata Ameghino 1894
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Paucituberculata

description: Paucituberculata Ameghino 1894
Families: 1 family with 3 genera and 6 species:
Family Caenolestidae Trouessart 1898 (3 genera with 6 species and 7 subspecies)
Discussion: Formerly included in Marsupialia.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Paucituberculata, pp. 19-20 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
title: Do Public Health Departments Improve Population Health? The Impact of City-level Health Departments over 1916-1933
Creators: name: Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren
name: Wrigley-Field, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: mortality
health departments
local spending
health expenditures
public health
demographic transition

description: Over the early twentieth century, urban centers across the United States adopted full-time public health departments. Using an event-study design, we show that opening full-time administration had no impact on mortality (all-cause, infant, by-cause). Then, we use city financial records to explain why health departments were ineffective. First, cities with and without health departments had comparable spending on public health. Second, per capita expenditures (and per capita expenditures interacted with a health department) correlate with infant mortality reductions. While urban public health administration as a bureaucratic apparatus appears unnecessary, public health system funding may be more meaningful for local health.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: City Health Departments, Public Health Expenditures, and Urban Mortality over 1910-1940
Creators: name: Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren
name: Wrigley-Field, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2022
Subjects: mortality
infant mortality
health departments
local public expenditures
public health
demographic transition

description: Over the early twentieth century, urban centers adopted full-time public health departments. We show that opening full-time administration had little observable impact on mortality. We then attempt to determine why health departments were ineffective. Our results suggest that achievements in public health occurred regardless of health department status. Further, we find that cities with and without a full-time health department allocated similar per capita expenditures towards health administration. This health department funding also better predicts infant mortality declines. Our conclusions indicate that specific campaigns, public health systems, and funding may have been more meaningful for local health over this era.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
Studying the Global Spatial Randomness of Impact Craters on Mercury, Venus, and the Moon With Geodesic Neighborhood Relationships
Creators: name: Riedel, Christian
name: Michael, Gregory G.
name: Orgel, C.
name: Baum, C.
name: Bogert, Carolyn H. Van Der
name: Hiesinger, H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: cratering
subject: Mercury
subject: Moon
subject: planetary data
subject: spatial statistics
subject: Venus
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::523 Einzelne Himmelskörper und Himmelsphänomene

description: Impact crater records on planetary surfaces are often analyzed for their spatial randomness. Generalized approaches such as the mean second closest neighbor distance (M2CND) and standard deviation of adjacent area (SDAA) are available via a software tool but do not take the influence of the planetary curvature into account in the current implementation. As a result, the measurements are affected by map distortion effects and can lead to wrong interpretations. This is particularly critical for investigations of global data sets as the level of distortion typically increases with increasing distance from the map projection center. Therefore, we present geodesic solutions to the M2CND and SDAA statistics that can be implemented in future software tools. We apply the improved methods to conduct spatial randomness analyses on global crater data sets on Mercury, Venus, and the Moon and compare the results to known crater population variations and surface evolution scenarios. On Mercury, we find that the emplacement of smooth plain deposits strongly contributed to a global clustering of craters and that a random distribution of Mercury's basins is not rejected. On Venus, the randomness analyses show that craters are largely randomly distributed across all sizes but where local nonrandom distributions due to lower crater densities in regions of recent volcanic activity may appear. On the Moon, the global clustering of craters is more pronounced than on Mercury due to mare volcanism and the Orientale impact event. Furthermore, a random distribution of lunar basins is not rejected.
title: The Role of Chance in the Census Bureau Database Reconstruction Experiment
Creators: name: Ruggles, Steven
name: Van Riper, David
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2021
Subjects: census
database reconstruction

description: The Census Bureau plans a new approach to disclosure control for the 2020 census that will add noise to every statistic the agency produces for places below the state level. The Bureau argues the new approach is needed because the confidentiality of census responses is threatened by “database reconstruction,” a technique for inferring individual-level responses from tabular data. The Census Bureau constructed hypothetical individual-level census responses from public 2010 tabular data and matched them to internal census records and to outside sources. We implement a simple simulation to assess how many matches would be expected by chance. We demonstrate that most matches reported by the Census Bureau experiment would be expected randomly. The database reconstruction experiment therefore fails to demonstrate a credible threat to confidentiality.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
Assessing acoustic competition between sibling frog species using rhythm analysis
Creators: name: Filer, Alannah
name: Burchardt, Lara S.
name: Rensburg, Berndt J. Van
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: acoustic competition
subject: call rate
subject: eastern sedgefrog
subject: rhythm
subject: wallum sedgefrog
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Male frog advertisement calls are species-specific vocalizations used to attract females for breeding. However, it is possible for environmental or biological sounds to overlap these calls in both frequency and duration resulting in signal confusion, influencing female decision and/or location abilities. It is therefore important for vocal species competing for the same acoustic space to partition their calls either spatially or temporally (via call alternation or suppression). However, frog species previously isolated from each other may not have developed appropriate adaptive behaviors, resulting in acoustic competition. This study applied rhythm analysis to track changes in calling behavior, namely changes in calling frequency (as in beats per second), of the wallum sedgefrog and the eastern sedgefrog when vocalizing alone versus in the presence of each other to assess potential acoustic competition. Our main findings demonstrated that both species significantly altered their calling behavior when exposed to each other. While we expected the increased calling activity of one species to inhibit the activity of the other to avoid signal confusion, we instead found that both species greatly increased the beat frequency of their calls when calling in the presence of each other. We also found evidence of beat frequency development in the wallum sedgefrog whereby there was always a strong initial increase in call frequency in reaction to the first vocal interruption by the eastern sedgefrog. These results support the hypothesis that the eastern sedgefrog and the wallum sedgefrog are in competition for the acoustic space in habitats where they occur together. This highlights a new threat to the vulnerable wallum sedgefrog species and may serve to inform future management practices. Using rhythm analyses to track changes in acoustic behavior can help inform on important population dynamics such as health, trajectory, and response to management, and therefore be of great benefit to the conservation of vocal species.
title: Dating very young planetary surfaces from crater statistics
title: A review of issues and challenges
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Williams, Jean-Pierre
name: Bogert, Carolyn H. Van Der
name: Pathare, Asmin V.
name: Michael, Gregory G.
name: Kirchoff, Michelle R.
name: Hiesinger, Harald
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: geomorphology
subject: planetary surface
subject: moon
subject: crater
subject: dating technique
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::529 Chronologie
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Determining the ages of young planetary surfaces relies on using populations of small, often sub-km diameter impact craters due to the higher frequency at which they form. Smaller craters however can be less reliable for estimating ages as their size-frequency distribution is more susceptible to alteration with debate as to whether they should be used at all. With the current plethora of meter-scale resolution images acquired of the lunar and Martian surfaces, small craters have been widely used to derive model ages to establish the temporal relation of recent geologic events. In this review paper, we discuss the many factors that make smaller craters particularly challenging to use and should be taken into consideration when crater counts are confined to small crater diameters. Establishing confidence in a model age ultimately requires an understanding of the geologic context of the surface being dated as reliability can vary considerably and limitations of the dating technique should be considered in applying ages to any geologic interpretation.
title: Equatorial Guinea 1927-1979: A new African tradition.
Creators: name: Okenve Martinez, Enrique S.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2007

description: This work focuses on the history of the Fang people of Equatorial Guinea between 1927 and 1979 in an effort to shed some light on the so-called process of retraditionalization that African societies have been undergoing for the last three decades. Contrary to those views that expected that independence would consolidate the process of modernization initiated by colonialism, many African countries, including Equatorial Guinea, have seen how traditional structures have gained ground ever since. This process is often explained as a result of the so-called crisis of modernity. It is argued that, due to the instability provoked by rapid modernization and the failure of modem structures, Africans are recovering their old ways in search for solutions. This explanation, however, stands against those views that considered that colonial conquest put an end to African traditional systems. This thesis argues that, although traditions are certainly back, this is, in fact, a new phenomenon, which started with the advent of colonial conquest. This work shows how colonial structures and the changes that followed resulted in the collapse of the traditional social model. In response to such situation, a new socio-cultural tradition, rooted in the old one, took form - being the development of modem Fang identity its most salient element. Research specifically focuses on transformations in authority, religious beliefs and identity, as well as their relationship. Much emphasis is put on the historicity of the process, covering three main historical stages such as the second half of the nineteenth century, the period of colonial conquest and domination between the 1910s and 1968, and the aftermath of independence between 1968 and 1979. This work does not only examine a peculiar colonial model, the Spanish, on which very little has been written, but also an African society that the English language literature has largely ignored. In so doing, research has relied on both oral sources and documents. Interviews were conducted in Equatorial Guinea. Archival sources were examined both in Alacala de Henares (Madrid), where Spain's public records are based, and Rome, where part of the documents of the Claretian missionary order can be found.
Quantum thermodynamics of the driven resonant level model
Creators: name: Bruch, Anton
name: Thomas, Mark
name: Kusminskiy, Silvia Viola
name: Oppen, Felix Von
name: Nitzan, Abraham
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik

description: We present a consistent thermodynamic theory for the resonant level model in the wide-band limit, whose level energy is driven slowly by an external force. The problem of defining “system” and “bath” in the strong-coupling regime is circumvented by considering as the system everything that is influenced by the externally driven level. The thermodynamic functions that are obtained to first order beyond the quasistatic limit fulfill the first and second law with a positive entropy production, successfully connect to the forces experienced by the external driving, and reproduce the correct weak-coupling limit of stochastic thermodynamics.
THE CITRICULUS MEALYBUG, PSEUDOCOCCUS CRYPTUS HEMPEL, AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES IN ISRAEL: HISTORY AND PRESENT SITUATION
Creators: name: Blumberg, D.
name: Ben-Dov, Y.
name: Mendel, Z.
Publisher: name: Entomologica
Year: 2016

description: THE CITRICULUS MEALYBUG, PSEUDOCOCCUS CRYPTUS HEMPEL, AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES IN ISRAEL: HISTORY AND PRESENT SITUATION.

The citriculus mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, was first discovered in Israel in 1937 and very rapidly became a key pest of citrus. However, since the early 1940s, the mealybug population has sharply decreased. This occurred in parallel with the establishment of the introduced parasitoid Clausenia purpurea Ishii, which was then believed to be the main cause of the biological control of the mealybug. Since the late 1980s, outbreaks of P. cryptus have been recorded mainly in new citrus varieties, such as red grapefruits, pomelo, “sweety” and several peeling varieties. The current outbreaks are probably related to the susceptibility of these mentioned varieties to P. cryptus, and to the adverse effects of Insect Growth Regulators to coccinellid predators, especially Scymnus spp. The introduced C. purpurea and two other local encyrtid parasitoids, Leptomastix near algirica and Anagyrus diversicornis Mercet, rarely emerged from samples of P. cryptus collected during 1996-1998. Four further parasitoid species were introduced into Israel during 1996-1997 against P. cryptus: from central Asia, the platygasterids Allotropa burrelli Muesebeck and A. convexifrons Muesebeck and the encyrtid, Pseudaphycus malinus Gahan; and from Japan, Anagyrus sawadai Ishii. A. convexifrons and A. sawadai successfully parasitized P. cryptus and, therefore, were released in the field but only A. sawadai has so far been recovered. A considerable reduction in population densities of the pest has been recorded since May, 1998, in the major release site of the latter species.

Key words: distribution, host plants, Pseudococcus comstocki, P. citriculus, P. viburni, IGR, Coccinellidae, Planococcus citri, P. ficus, Aonidiella aurantii, Ceroplastes floridensis, Anagyrus pseudococci, Leptomastidia abnormis, Leptomastix flavus, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Cecidomyiidae, Sympherobiidae, Chrysopidae.
description: Entomologica, Vol 33 (1999)
title: Literary historiography and the history of the Thai novel.
Creators: name: Simmons, Maurice
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2005

description: The novel first appeared in Thailand approximately one hundred years ago. But for many years it lacked the cultural prestige of its Western counterpart. When the first histories of Thai literature appeared in the 1950s, they made no mention of the novel and it was not until the 1960s that the first attempts to record its history were made. This study plots the major landmarks in charting the history of the Thai novel in the ensuing thirty years. Chapter 1 discusses the terms for 'literature' and the 'novel' and looks at the first histories of Thai literature and histories of Thai literature written in English. Chapter 2 surveys the work of the first 'historians' of the Thai novel, Yot Watcharasathian, Prakat Watcharapho'n and Sathian Chanthimatho'n. Chapter 3 examines the contribution of academics, and in particular, the works of Suphanni Waratho'n and Trisin Bunkhacho'n. Chapter 4 presents data based on research into the place of the novel in today's educational curriculum in Bangkok. Chapter 5 looks at two recent major works on the Thai novel. - Marcel Barang's The 20 Best Novels of Thailand and a textbook, Phattanakan Wannakhadi Thai.
title: Challenges of Designing and Implementing Three Sampling FramesTargeting Children in Tanzania and Nepal: Proportional Stratified, Multi-Stage, and Geographically Dispersed Sampling Techniques
Creators: name: Bolgrien, Anna
name: Levison, Deborah
Publisher: name: Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center
Year: 2021
Subjects: data collection
sampling techniques

description: The socio-political and logistical practicalities of field work affect how sampling and data collection are conducted, particularly in developing countries. This paper details the sampling processes in three Animating Children’s Views pilot projects– proportional stratified sampling (rural Tanzania), multi-stage sampling with two rounds of randomization (urban Tanzania), and geographically dispersed sampling with three stages of randomization (peri-urban Nepal). We argue that transparency and specificity about the sampling processes are required in published research, as these processes directly impact other types of reported measures of survey success. Analysis of measures such as success rates, refusal rates, and nonresponse rates in addition to the creation of sample weights and population estimates show the varying complications and reality of each sampling strategy. We advocate a more stringent level of transparency when reporting about survey measures in academic publication.
description: Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series
title: We follow our cow...and forget our home': Movement, survival, and Fulani identity in Greater Accra, Ghana.
Creators: name: Oppong, Yaa Mary Pokua Afriyie
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1999

description: We follow our cow and forget our home'. This statement encapsulates the problems that this thesis addresses in relation to the three interdependent themes of identity, movement and survival. This study is concerned with Fulani identities and mobility in Greater Accra, Ghana. It is ultimately about Fulani survival across space and through time. It involves an understanding of where people are coming from, where they have travelled to and the environments in which they have grown up, been educated, married, borne children and worked. The units of analysis are the lives, stories and experiences of individuals, as well as the communities and ultimately ethnic group of which they form a part. The account thus addresses the 'personal troubles' of individual women and men, both young and old, as well as wider 'public issues' taken up by the Ghanaian state and press. These issues are also observed to be the subject of debate and concern in the Fulani community in Greater Accra. This thesis concerns itself with the sites and circumstances in which Fulani consider themselves to be the same or different. The markers of Fulani identity, as recognized by Fulani and non-Fulani alike, are examined. The factors are investigated that allow them, as a distinct ethnic category, to maintain and perpetuate this identity and viability in Greater Accra. The analogy of 'construction sites' is useful for considering these different, explicit and implicit events and recurring processes, through which people reproduce themselves as Fulani (of various kinds). These sites are locations as well as contexts of action. They are social circumstances (with personnel, power relations, procedures etc.) such as ethnic associations, public gatherings and common rites of passage. The recurring processes include genealogical reckoning of kinship and endogamous marriage transactions, and the ways in which ties of descent and filiation are used to enhance individual survival and family development goals.