cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sub-Hz line width diode lasers by stabilization to vibrationally and thermally compensated ULE Fabry-Perot cavities
Creators: name: Alnis, J.
name: Matveev, A.
name: Kolachevsky, N.
name: Wilken, T.
name: Udem, Th.
name: Haensch, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We achieved a 0.5 Hz optical beat note line width with ~ 0.1 Hz/s frequency drift at 972 nm between two external cavity diode lasers independently stabilized to two vertically mounted Fabry-Perot (FP) reference cavities. Vertical FP reference cavities are suspended in mid-plane such that the influence of vertical vibrations to the mirror separation is significantly suppressed. This makes the setup virtually immune for vertical vibrations that are more difficult to isolate than the horizontal vibrations. To compensate for thermal drifts the FP spacers are made from Ultra-Low-Expansion (ULE) glass which possesses a zero linear expansion coefficient. A new design using Peltier elements in vacuum allows operation at an optimal temperature where the quadratic temperature expansion of the ULE could be eliminated as well. The measured linear drift of such ULE FP cavity of 63 mHz/s was due to material aging and the residual frequency fluctuations were less than 40 Hz during 16 hours of measurement. Some part of the temperature-caused drift is attributed to the thermal expansion of the mirror coatings. High-frequency thermal fluctuations that cause vibrations of the mirror surfaces limit the stability of a well designed reference cavity. By comparing two similar laser systems we obtain an Allan instability of 2*10-15 between 0.1 and 10 s averaging time, which is close to the theoretical thermal noise limit.
description: submitted to Applied Physics B
Neutrino-cooled Accretion Disks around Spinning Black Holes
Creators: name: Chen, Wen-xin
name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the structure of accretion disk around a spinning black hole for accretion rates 0.01 - 10 M_sun/s. The model is fully relativistic and treats accurately the disk microphysics including neutrino emissivity, opacity, electron degeneracy, and nuclear composition. We find that the accretion flow always regulates itself to a mildly degenerate state with the proton-to-nucleon ratio Y_e ~ 0.1 and becomes very neutron-rich. The disk has a well defined "ignition" radius where neutrino flux raises dramatically, cooling becomes efficient, and Y_e suddenly drops. We also calculate other characteristic radii of the disk, including the neutrino-opaque and neutrino-trapping radii, and show their dependence on the accretion rate. Accretion disks around fast-rotating black holes produce intense neutrino fluxes which may deposit enough energy above the disk to generate a GRB jet.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; to be published in AIP Conference Proceedings "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era," Nov. 29 - Dec. 2, 2005, Washington, DC
Branch Expansion of Commercial Banks in Rural America
Creators: name: Nam, Sangjeong
name: Ellinger, Paul N.
name: Nam, Sangjeong
name: Ellinger, Paul N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The main objective of this study is to identify the financial and market characteristics of commercial banks' branch expansion decision. The nested logit model is used to analyze the characteristics to affect the expansion decision and location choice of commercial banks due to a two-level nesting structure for branch expansion decision. The probability that banks with high deposit growth rate, assets, loan to deposit ratio or more branches open branches in rural area is less than the probability that those open branches in both areas. However, banks with high deposit growth rate, asset, loan to deposit ratio, agricultural loan rate, ROA and rural head office are more likely to open branches in both areas rather than in urban area.
РАЗВИТИЕ АРКТИКИ В НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОЕКТАХ
Creators: name: Яценко О.Ю.
name: Беспятова Е.Б.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: Арктический регион
национальные программы развития
правовое обеспечение развития региона
экономические условия развития
социальные условия развития
индекс развития.

description: В статье анализируются экономические, социальные и правовые аспекты развития арктического региона в рамках национальных проектов. Исследуются прямые и косвенные результаты управленческой деятельности, направленной на улучшение экономической инфраструктуры, её основных компонентов, таких как энергетическая отрасль, транспортные коммуникации, управленческая деятельность. Ограничение области исследования временными рамками (период последних трех лет), дает возможность отследить динамику реализации национальных программ как в области экономических кластеров, традиционно имеющих приоритетное значение на уровне федеральных планов развития экономики. В то же время часть инициатив, реализуемых в национальных проектах и связанных с человеком, ориентированы на демографические и экологические цели, имеют специфические задачи, так же, как и экономические проекты, способствуют становлению новой системы, формирующей развитие этих обширных территорий не только как экономически востребованной ресурсной базы для промышленного сектора национальной экономики, но и как социального пространства, оснащенного всеми современными функциями и обеспечивающего более комфортное присутствие человека в условиях экстремально сурового климата. Для стандартизации эффективности реализации национальных программ в условиях арктического региона, авторами предлагается использовать индекс развития набор экономических, социальных и правовых индикаторов, которые позволяют объективно установить приоритетные направления развития территорий.
Quadratures of Pontryagin Extremals for Optimal Control Problems
Creators: name: Rocha, Eugenio A. M.
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K15; 70H33; 37J15

description: We obtain a method to compute effective first integrals by combining Noether's principle with the Kozlov-Kolesnikov integrability theorem. A sufficient condition for the integrability by quadratures of optimal control problems with controls taking values on open sets is obtained. We illustrate our approach on some problems taken from the literature. An alternative proof of the integrability of the sub-Riemannian nilpotent Lie group of type (2,3,5) is also given.
description: Presented at the 4th Junior European Meeting on "Control and Optimization", Bialystok Technical University, Bialystok, Poland, 11-14 September 2005
Novel correlated 5f electronic states in cubic AnSn3 (An=U, Np, Pu) intermetallics
Creators: name: Lu, Haiyan
name: Huang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intricate interplay between itinerant-localized 5f states and strongly correlated electronic states have been systematically investigated in isostructural actinide compounds AnSn3 (An=U, Np, Pu) by using a combination of the density functional theory and the embedded dynamical mean-field approach. The obvious narrow flat 5f electronic band with remarkable spectral weight emerges in the vicinity of Fermi level for three compounds. Subsequently the significant hybridization between 5f states and conduction bands opens evident gaps together with conspicuous valence state fluctuations jointly indicating the partially itinerant 5f electrons. Especially, prominent quasiparticle multiplets only appear in PuSn3 due to the sizable valence state fluctuations and multiple competing atomic eigenstates. Therefore itinerant 5f states tend to involve in active chemical bonding, restraining the formation of local magnetic moment of actinide atoms, which partly elucidates the underlying mechanism of paramagnetic USn3 and PuSn3, as well as itinerant-electron antiferromagnetic NpSn3. Correspondingly, the 5f electronic correlation strength expressed in band renormalization and electron effective masse intertwines with itinerant-localized 5f states. Consequently, detail electronic structure of 5f states dependence on actinide series shall gain deep insight into our understanding of AnSn3 (An=U, Np, Pu) intermetallics and promote ongoing research.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
title: Menstrual irregularities in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy
Creators: name: Goel, Ruchica
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Other
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Complications
subject: Education
subject: Infection
subject: Obstetrics
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Cancer, a formidable adversary in the realm of human health, has been the focal point of extensive research and therapeutic advancements. Chemotherapy, a cornerstone in cancer management, not only targets rapidly dividing cancer cells but can also...
Kinetics and Thermodynamic Study on the Oxidation of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine by Iodine: A MNDO and DFT Approach
Creators: name: David Ebuka ARTHUR, Adamu UZAIRU
Publisher: name: Walailak University
Year: 2015
Subjects: 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, DFT, MNDO, Iodine, oxidation reaction

description: 12, 12, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
MILKING THE MOST FROM YOUR PROMOTIONAL DOLLARS: AN ANALYSIS OF AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS SERVING U.S.AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS
Creators: name: Roucan-Kane, Maud
name: Peake, Whitney O.
name: Roucan-Kane, Maud
name: Peake, Whitney O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: marketing mix
subject: agribusiness
subject: promotion
subject: agriculture
subject: marketing
subject: mass media

description: Although the marketing mix has been covered in great detail in many veins of literature, very little information exists regarding the mix of marketing tools within the agriculture industry serving U.S. agricultural producers. Using a survey conducted by AgriMarketing magazine in June 2006, a two-fold analysis is undertaken. This study attempts to determine the differences in the use of marketing tools by industry and simple regression analysis is conducted to determine promotional factors that produce a significant impact on sales. Both mass media and other promotional tools were found to be the most consistently significant factor impacting sales of firms in the study.
title: Radiation induced myopathy of neck muscles in head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT technique- Dosimetry and clinical correlation
Creators: name: Khattar, Himanshi
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Extremities
subject: Head and neck
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ethics
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Cancer
subject: Image guided radiotherapy
subject: Outcomes

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Radiotherapy plays a major role in the management of head-and -neck cancers with nearly 75% patients requiring RT either in the definitive or adjuvant setting. [1] However, acute and long-term sequelae of radiotherapy are highly prevalent which have...
Longitudinal diffusion MRI analysis using Segis-Net: a single-step deep-learning framework for simultaneous segmentation and registration
Creators: name: Li, Bo
name: Niessen, Wiro J.
name: Klein, Stefan
name: de Groot, Marius
name: Ikram, M. Arfan
name: Vernooij, Meike W.
name: Bron, Esther E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This work presents a single-step deep-learning framework for longitudinal image analysis, coined Segis-Net. To optimally exploit information available in longitudinal data, this method concurrently learns a multi-class segmentation and nonlinear registration. Segmentation and registration are modeled using a convolutional neural network and optimized simultaneously for their mutual benefit. An objective function that optimizes spatial correspondence for the segmented structures across time-points is proposed. We applied Segis-Net to the analysis of white matter tracts from N=8045 longitudinal brain MRI datasets of 3249 elderly individuals. Segis-Net approach showed a significant increase in registration accuracy, spatio-temporal segmentation consistency, and reproducibility comparing with two multistage pipelines. This also led to a significant reduction in the sample-size that would be required to achieve the same statistical power in analyzing tract-specific measures. Thus, we expect that Segis-Net can serve as a new reliable tool to support longitudinal imaging studies to investigate macro- and microstructural brain changes over time.
description: To appear in NeuroImage
Studies on Decolorization Characteristics of Crude Peroxidase from Raphanus sativus Using Response Surface Methodology
Creators: name: Poornima RAMAMOORTHI, Sneha UNNIKRISHNAN
Publisher: name: Walailak University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Dye, radish, enzyme, safranin, decolorization, Box- Behnken design

description: 12, 12, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
title: Contrast CT-scan supplemented with PET fusion in the radiotherapy planning of head and neck cancers- any potential advantage?
Creators: name: Jadhav, Aniket G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: Nuclear medicine
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: PET-CT
subject: Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT)
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Cancer
subject: Radiation oncology in Developing Nations

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Head and neck cancers are the seventh most common in the world. A multimodality approach is the basis of treatment of Head and Neck cancers which includes Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Chemotherapy. Radiotherapy provides better functional outcomes than...
EFFECTS OF FIRM-SPECIFIC FACTORS ON R&D EXPENDITURES OF AGRIBUSINESS COMPANIES
Creators: name: Roucan-Kane, Maud
name: Ubilava, David
name: Xu, Pei
name: Roucan-Kane, Maud
name: Ubilava, David
name: Xu, Pei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: R&D
subject: agriculture
subject: chemicals
subject: crop planning
subject: crop protection
subject: agribusiness

description: The objective of this paper is to determine how the firm's infrastructure, the financial characteristics of a company (net income, sales), and the organizational structure (number of acquisitions, age of establishment of the firm) affect R&D investments in the agricultural sector. We use data for companies under the SIC codes for agricultural chemicals, and crop planning and protection. The results based on analysis of 69 observations of 12 firms revealed that firm's financial and organizational infrastructure does affect its R&D expenditures. Older and larger firms tend to spend more on R&D. During the last 17 years the R&D expenditures with respect to the sales of the company have been reduced. Finally, contrary to the expectations, previous year's profit margins are negatively correlated with the R&D over the sales ratio of the following year.
The Interactions of Co-Solvent, Co-Solute and Amphiphilic Anionic Dye with Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Creators: name: Abbas KHAN, Muhammad ASIM
Publisher: name: Walailak University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Micellization, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dye, partition coefficient, solubilization

description: 12, 12, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
Very fine structures in scalar mixing
Creators: name: Schumacher, Joerg
name: Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.
name: Yeung, Pui-kuen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore very fine scales of scalar dissipation in turbulent mixing, below Kolmogorov and around Batchelor scales, by performing direct numerical simulations at much finer grid resolution than is usually adopted in the past. We consider the resolution in terms of a local, fluctuating Batchelor scale and study the effects on the tails of the probability density function and multifractal properties of the scalar dissipation. The origin and importance of these very fine-scale fluctuations are discussed. One conclusion is that they are unlikely to be related to the most intense dissipation events.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures (low quality due to downsizing)
ธัมม์ คาถา และพระสูตรกับกระบวนการสร้างความศักดิ์สิทธิ์ในพิธีสืบชะตาล้านนา
Creators: name: เชิดชาติ หิรัญโร
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2014
Subjects: -

description: วรรณวิทัศน์, 14, พฤศจิกายน, 107-129
The radiated fields of the fundamental mode of photonic crystal fibers
Creators: name: Dabirian, Ali
name: Akbari, Mahmood
name: Mortensen, Niels Asger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The six-fold rotational symmetry of photonic crystal fibers has important manifestations in the radiated fields in terms of i) a focusing phenomena at a finite distance from the end-facet and ii) the formation of low-intensity satellite peaks in the asymptotic far field. For our study, we employ a surface equivalence principle which allows us to rigorously calculate radiated fields starting from fully-vectorial simulations of the near field. Our simulations show that the focusing is maximal at a characteristic distance from the end-facet. For large-mode area fibers the typical distance is of the order 10 Lambda with Lambda being the pitch of the triangular air-hole lattice of the photonic crystal fiber.
description: 6 pages including 4 figures. Accepted for Opt. Express
Getting ViT in Shape: Scaling Laws for Compute-Optimal Model Design
Creators: name: Alabdulmohsin, Ibrahim
name: Zhai, Xiaohua
name: Kolesnikov, Alexander
name: Beyer, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10; I.2.6

description: Scaling laws have been recently employed to derive compute-optimal model size (number of parameters) for a given compute duration. We advance and refine such methods to infer compute-optimal model shapes, such as width and depth, and successfully implement this in vision transformers. Our shape-optimized vision transformer, SoViT, achieves results competitive with models that exceed twice its size, despite being pre-trained with an equivalent amount of compute. For example, SoViT-400m/14 achieves 90.3% fine-tuning accuracy on ILSRCV2012, surpassing the much larger ViT-g/14 and approaching ViT-G/14 under identical settings, with also less than half the inference cost. We conduct a thorough evaluation across multiple tasks, such as image classification, captioning, VQA and zero-shot transfer, demonstrating the effectiveness of our model across a broad range of domains and identifying limitations. Overall, our findings challenge the prevailing approach of blindly scaling up vision models and pave a path for a more informed scaling.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 9 tables. Version 2: Layout fixes
FLOODING RISK AND HOUSING VALUES: AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
Creators: name: Daniel, Vanessa
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Rietveld, Piet
name: Daniel, Vanessa
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Rietveld, Piet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: valuation
subject: environmental risk
subject: meta-analysis
subject: hedonic pricing

description: Climate change, the ‘boom and bust’ cycles of rivers, and altered water resource management practice have caused significant changes in the spatial distribution of the risk of flooding. Hedonic pricing studies, predominantly for the US, have assessed the spatial incidence of risk and the associated implicit price of flooding risk. Using these implicit price estimates and their associated standard errors, we perform a meta-analysis and find that houses located in the 100-year floodplain have a –0.3 to –0.8% lower price. The actual occurrence of a flooding event or increased stringency in disclosure rules causes ex ante prices to differ from ex post prices, but these effects are small. The marginal willingness to pay for reduced risk exposure has increased over time, and it is slightly lower for areas with a higher per capita income. We show that obfuscating amenity effects and risk exposure associated with proximity to water causes systematic bias in the implicit price of flooding risk.
title: Determining the sensitivity of pelvic ultrasound in patients with bHCG level < 1000 mIU/mL in a tertiary women’s hospital
Creators: name: Crighton, Ryan
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Intrauterine diagnosis
subject: Acute
subject: Foetus
subject: Obstetrics

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Detecting a gestational sac with bHCG levels below 1000 mIU/mL can be challenging but is possible. Typically, a transvaginal ultrasound can detect a gestational sac when Beta HCG levels reach approximately 1000-2000 mIU/mL [1]. The diagnosis of...
Physicochemical Characterization and Corrosion Inhibition Potential of Ficus benjamina (FB) Gum for Aluminum in 0.1 M HCl
Creators: name: Nnabuk Okon EDDY, Paul Ocheje AMEH
Publisher: name: Walailak University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Ficus benjamina gum, physicochemical characteristics and corrosion inhibition

description: 12, 12, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
Stringy Effects During Inflation and Reheating
Creators: name: Frey, Andrew R.
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
name: Myers, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider inflationary cosmology in the context of string compactifications with multiple throats. In scenarios where the warping differs significantly between throats, string and Kaluza-Klein physics can generate potentially observable corrections to the cosmology of inflation and reheating. First we demonstrate that a very low string scale in the ground state compactification is incompatible with a high Hubble scale during inflation, and we propose that the compactification geometry is altered during inflation. In this configuration, the lowest scale is just above the Hubble scale, which is compatible with effective field theory but still leads to potentially observable CMB corrections. Also in the appropriate region of parameter space, we find that reheating leads to a phase of long open strings in the Standard Model sector (before the usual radiation-dominated phase). We sketch the cosmology of the long string phase and we discuss possible observational consequences.
description: 33pp, RevTeX4, v2. minor changes, added refs
THE EFFECTS OF RURALITY AND INDUSTRIAL SPECIALIZATION INCOME GROWTH: U.S. COUNTIES 2000 TO 2003
Creators: name: Waldorf, Brigitte S.
name: Waldorf, Brigitte S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Economic Growth
subject: Industry Clusters
subject: Rural America

description: This paper— part of a comprehensive project on industry clusters and rural competitiveness— explores the role of industrial specialization and rurality on economic performance for counties in the continental United States. Regression models are estimated that evaluate the impact of industry cluster-specific employment shares on per capita income growth overall, as well as in a sequence of different contextual settings. Overall, the results suggest that economic disparities across U.S. counties will diminish. The results also suggest that economic specialization “per se” is not a guarantee for economic growth. Instead, economic growth very much depends on the type of specialization and the contextual setting, with distinct differences between, for example, the metropolitan sphere, the rural sphere, and the rural-metro interface.
Altitude dependence of fluorescence light emission by extensive air showers
Creators: name: Keilhauer, B.
name: Bluemer, J.
name: Engel, R.
name: Klages, H. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluorescence light is induced by extensive air showers while developing in the Earth's atmosphere. The number of emitted fluorescence photons depends on the conditions of the air and on the energy deposited by the shower particles at every stage of the development. In a previous model calculation, the pressure and temperature dependences of the fluorescence yield have been studied on the basis of kinetic gas theory, assuming temperature-independent molecular collision cross-sections. In this work we investigate the importance of temperature-dependent collision cross-sections and of water vapour quenching on the expected fluorescence yield. The calculations will be applied to simulated air showers while using actual atmospheric profiles to estimate the influence on the reconstructed energy of extensive air showers.
description: 8 pages, 18 figures, to be published in Proc. 5th Fluorescence Workshop, El Escorial - Madrid, Sept. 2007
Production Effects of the European Union’s Single Farm Payment
Creators: name: Rude, James
name: Rude, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Common Agriculture Policy
subject: decoupled payments
subject: WTO green box

description: Since 1992, reform of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy has involved several rounds that have gradually changed the method of support from market based intervention purchases to direct producer payments. The change in the method support provides less production incentives and is less trade distorting. The Single Farm Payment (SFP) is the latest policy instrument which is the most decoupled from production decisions. This study examines the SFP in terms of its production effects, its compliance with the Annex 2 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, and the implications for Canadian agricultural policy reform.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of the electronic local density of states of graphite surfaces near monoatomic step edges
Creators: name: Niimi, Y.
name: Matsui, T.
name: Kambara, H.
name: Tagami, K.
name: Tsukada, M.
name: Fukuyama, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the electronic local density of states (LDOS) of graphite surfaces near monoatomic step edges, which consist of either the zigzag or armchair edge, with the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) techniques. The STM data reveal that the $(\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}) R 30^{\circ}$ and honeycomb superstructures coexist over a length scale of 3-4 nm from both the edges. By comparing with density-functional derived nonorthogonal tight-binding calculations, we show that the coexistence is due to a slight admixing of the two types of edges at the graphite surfaces. In the STS measurements, a clear peak in the LDOS at negative bias voltages from -100 to -20 mV was observed near the zigzag edges, while such a peak was not observed near the armchair edges. We concluded that this peak corresponds to the graphite "edge state" theoretically predicted by Fujita \textit{et al.} [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. {\bf 65}, 1920 (1996)] with a tight-binding model for graphene ribbons. The existence of the edge state only at the zigzag type edge was also confirmed by our first-principles calculations with different edge terminations.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures
title: Comparative analysis of dosimetric parameters and acute toxicities of IMRT and VMAT in head and neck cancer patients
Creators: name: Jain, Sanyamita
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Colon
subject: Oncology
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Gamma knife
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Biological effects
subject: Genetic defects
subject: Metastases

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is now the standard technique of radiotherapy in Head and Neck cancers 1 . Advanced form of this technique - volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is gaining popularity due to rapid treatment delivery which...
РАЗВИТИЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ПРЕДЕЛОВ ОБОСНОВАННОСТИ НАЛОГОВОЙ ВЫГОДЫ
Creators: name: Паршуков Е.В.
name: Ильин А.В.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: добросовестность налогоплательщика
злоупотребление правом
налоговая выгода
пределы обоснованности налоговой выгоды
налоговое право
исторический и диалектический метод
дедукция
индукция.

description: Данная статья посвящена вопросам исследования добросовестности налогоплательщика, пределов обоснованности налоговой выгоды в контексте исторического развития данных явлений. Рассмотрены основные причины возникновения данных правовых подходов, затронуты налогозначимые вопросы с точки зрения реализма налогового права.
title: Assessing the accuracy of ChatGPT GPT-4 for converting free-text knee MRI reports into structured reports
Creators: name: Bekhit, Mark
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: MR
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Other

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
MRI is heavily relied on for improving diagnostic confidence and management of knee pathologies, making knee MRI the most performed musculoskeletal cross- sectional imaging. [1, 2] Recently there has been a push towards structured radiology...
title: Standard fractionation vs hypofractionation with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer. A prospective study.
Creators: name: Naidu, Sankalp
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: Management
subject: Oncology
subject: Cone beam CT
subject: MR
subject: PET
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: VMAT and Tomotherapy
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Radiation oncology in Developing Nations
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Head and neck cancers are one of the most common cancers in India. It accounts for almost 26% of all cancer cases in males and 8% in females and the risk of development of head and neck cancers are about 1 in 33 for males and 1 in 107 for females,...
New evolutionary calculations for the Born Again scenario
Creators: name: Bertolami, M. M. Miller
name: Althaus, L. G.
name: Serenelli, A. M.
name: Panei, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evolutionary calculations aimed at describing the born-again scenario for post-AGB remnant stars of 0.5842 and 0.5885 \msun. Results are based on a detailed treatment of the physical processes responsible for the chemical abundance changes. We considered two theories of convection: the standard mixing length theory (MLT) and the double-diffusive GNA convection developed by Grossman et al. The latter accounts for the effect of the chemical gradient ($\nablaμ$) in the mixing processes and in the transport of energy. We also explore the dependence of the born-again evolution on some physical hypothesis, such as the effect of the existence of non-zero chemical gradients, the prescription for the velocity of the convective elements and the size of the overshooting zones. Attention is given to the behavior of the born-again times and to the chemical evolution during the ingestion of protons. We find that in our calculations born again times are dependent on time resolution. In particular when the minimum allowed time step is below $5 \times 10^{-5}$ yr we obtain, with the standard mixing length theory, born again times of 5-10 yr. This is true without altering the prescription for the efficiency of convective mixing during the proton ingestion. On the other hand we find that the inclusion of the chemical gradients in the calculation of the mixing velocity tend to increase the born again times by about a factor of two. In addition we find that proton ingestion can be seriously altered if the occurrence of overshooting is modified by the $\nablaμ$-barrier at the H-He interface, strongly altering born again times.
description: 15 pages including 13 figures and 2 tables
The Role of Income and Non-homothetic Preferences in Trading Differentiated Food and Beverages. The Case of Canada, the United States, and Selected EU Countries
Creators: name: Haq, Zahoor Ul
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Haq, Zahoor Ul
name: Meilke, Karl D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This study investigates the role of income in determining the agrifood exports of selected EU countries, Canada, and the United States (U.S.) by estimating per capita bilateral trade flows for 10 commodity groups across 52 countries for the period 1990–2000. About 43 percent of the total observations of bilateral trade-flows for the selected regions and commodities are zero. Therefore, the fixed-effects Heckman two-step estimation procedure is used to account for the zero observations instead of ignoring or truncating the zeros. A number of hypotheses are tested to highlight the role of income in determining agrifood exports of differentiated agrifood products. The results show that the three regions (selected EU countries, Canada, United States) face statistically significant, positive and relatively elastic expenditure elasticities from the developing countries as compared to developed countries. Middle income developing countries, among developing countries, are the growth market of the future as growth in their expenditure on agrifood imports outpaces growth in their per capita income. However, all U.S. agrifood exports face statistically significant expenditure elasticities as compared to only a few for Canadian and EU commodities. The study also finds that Canadian exports face homothetic preferences, U.S. exports face homothetic preferences for more than one-half of the commodities, and the selected EU countries’ exports face non-homothetic preferences for nine commodity groups. The study concludes that income plays an important role in agrifood trade; however, further investigation is needed to help us understand the forces that determine the divergent results..........................................................................Revised and published as: Haq, Zahoor and Karl Meilke. 2009. “The Role of Income in Trading-Differentiated Agri-Food Products: The Case of Canada, the United States, and Selected EU Countries.” Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 57(3):343-363.
Criticality Analysis: Bio-inspired Nonlinear Data Representation
Creators: name: Scheper, Tjeerd V. olde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The representation of arbitrary data in a biological system is one of the most elusive elements of biological information processing. The often logarithmic nature of information in amplitude and frequency presented to biosystems prevents simple encapsulation of the information contained in the input. Criticality Analysis (CA) is a bio-inspired method of information representation within a controlled self-organised critical system that allows scale-free representation. This is based on the concept of a reservoir of dynamic behaviour in which self-similar data will create dynamic nonlinear representations. This unique projection of data preserves the similarity of data within a multidimensional neighbourhood. The input can be reduced dimensionally to a projection output that retains the features of the overall data, yet has much simpler dynamic response. The method depends only on the rate control of chaos applied to the underlying controlled models, that allows the encoding of arbitrary data, and promises optimal encoding of data given biological relevant networks of oscillators. The CA method allows for a biologically relevant encoding mechanism of arbitrary input to biosystems, creating a suitable model for information processing in varying complexity of organisms and scale-free data representation for machine learning.
description: To be submitted
title: Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis presenting as brainstem compression by an enlarged basal cistern.
Creators: name: Lanyon, Andrew
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: eLearning
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives
Background
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Learning objectives:
Explore a unique case of leptomeningeal c arcinomatosis presenting as brainstem...
Proton radii and two-photon exchange
Creators: name: Blunden, Peter G.
name: Sick, Ingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of two-photon exchange processes upon the rms- and Zemach radii extracted from electron-proton scattering. We find that the changes are small and do not help to explain the discrepancy between experimental and calculated HFS in the hydrogen atom.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure
Classifying, Measuring and Analyzing WTO Domestic Support in Agriculture: Some Conceptual Distinctions
Creators: name: Brink, Lars
name: Brink, Lars
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: WTO
subject: agriculture
subject: domestic support
subject: Doha
subject: AMS
subject: de minimis
subject: commitments
subject: rules

description: Much confusion permeates discussions of the domestic support provisions of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture and in the ongoing Doha negotiations. The paper clarifies some conceptual distinctions with a view to dispelling some confusion, enhancing communication, and facilitating the representation of domestic support provisions in economic analysis. It distinguishes between classification of policy measures and measurement of support, between measures and support, among measures classified in various categories, between applied support and commitments, and between applied support that counts towards commitments and applied support that does not. It highlights certain issues, including the role of criteria in classifying policy measures (such as those labelled green box or blue box measures), the role of de minimis rules in measuring certain applied support (such as Current Total AMS), and how the time specificity of applied support may complicate analysis of domestic support provisions. It introduces schematic charts to complement the verbal exposition of classification and measurement rules under the Agreement on Agriculture and as suggested in the 2004 Framework of the Doha negotiations on agriculture.
Kondo screening and coherence in kagome local-moment metals: Energy scales of heavy fermions in the presence of flat bands
Creators: name: Kourris, Christos
name: Vojta, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of a heavy Fermi liquid in metals with local moments is characterized by multiple energy and temperature scales, most prominently the Kondo temperature and the coherence temperature, characterizing the onset of Kondo screening and the emergence of Fermi-liquid coherence, respectively. In the standard setting of a wide conduction band, both scales depend exponentially on the Kondo coupling. Here we discuss how the presence of flat, i.e., dispersionless, conduction bands modifies this situation. Focussing on the case of the kagome Kondo-lattice model, we utilize a parton mean-field approach to determine the Kondo temperature and the coherence temperature as function of the conduction-band filling $n_c$, both numerically and analytically. For $n_c$ values corresponding to the flat conduction band located at the Fermi level, we show that the exponential is replaced by a linear dependence for the Kondo temperature and a quadratic dependence for the coherence temperature, while a cubic law emerges for the coherence temperature at $n_c$ corresponding to the band edge between the flat and dispersive bands. We discuss implications of our results for pertinent experimental data.
description: 9+4 pages, 8+6 figures
РЕПУТАЦИОННЫЕ ТРЕБОВАНИЯ К СЛУЖЕБНОМУ ПОВЕДЕНИЮ ПУБЛИЧНЫХ СЛУЖАЩИХ
Creators: name: Зиграева О.В.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: репутация публичного служащего
репутационные требования к служебному поведению
оскорбление
совершенное должностным лицом.

description: Актуальность исследования вызвана необходимостью систематизации требований к служебному повелению государственных и муниципальных служащих. Особую значимость среди них представляют этическиеправила, нарушение которых влияет на репутацию отдельного чиновника, и снижают авторитет публичной власти в целом. Автором предлагается дополнить служебное законодательство Кодексом служебного поведения публичных служащих. Во-первых, он позволит закрепитьправовые репутационные требования к чиновникам. Во-вторых, правовые репутационные требования к служебному поведению сделают прозрачной процедуру привлечения к юридической ответственности за неэтичное поведение публичных служащих. В-третьих, наличие четких и конкретных требований к служебному поведению снизит риски необоснованного привлечения к ответственности.
title: Detection of perineural spread of cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma – what are we doing now?
Creators: name: Xie, Bi Ying
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: MR
subject: PET-CT
subject: Staging
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives
Background
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Learning objectives:
Understand the process of perineural spread and the zonal classification for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Prognostic value of early and accurate PNS detection Modalities for detection of...
Geometrical model for the native-state folds of proteins
Creators: name: Hoang, Trinh X.
name: Trovato, Antonio
name: Seno, Flavio
name: Banavar, Jayanth R.
name: Maritan, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We recently introduced a physical model [Hoang et al., P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2004), Banavar et al., Phys. Rev. E (2004)] for proteins which incorporates, in an approximate manner, several key features such as the inherent anisotropy of a chain molecule, the geometrical and energetic constraints placed by the hydrogen bonds and sterics, and the role played by hydrophobicity. Within this framework, marginally compact conformations resembling the native state folds of proteins emerge as broad competing minima in the free energy landscape even for a homopolymer. Here we show how the introduction of sequence heterogeneity using a simple scheme of just two types of amino acids, hydrophobic (H) and polar (P), and sequence design allows a selected putative native fold to become the free energy minimum at low temperature. The folding transition exhibits thermodynamic cooperativity, if one neglects the degeneracy between two different low energy conformations sharing the same fold topology.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Third Country Effects of Price Discrimination: The Case of the Canadian Wheat Board
Creators: name: Rude, James
name: Brewin, Derek G.
name: White, Martin
name: Rude, James
name: Brewin, Derek G.
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Price discrimination
subject: state trading enterprises
subject: and trade negotiations

description: This study considers whether the major concern with the behaviour of exporting state trading enterprises (STEs) should be the practice of price discrimination. Using a differentiated products world wheat model, the impacts of Canadian price discrimination on the welfare of competing exporters are considered. The results show that competing exporters could be better or worse off as result of price discrimination, but the impacts were small. Over a range of possible elasticities US producers were generally better off if North American arbitrage is assumed. Other wheat exporting regions could see their producer’s welfare change between 2 and -0.5%. Given these small impacts, the study suggests that explicit disciplines on discriminatory pricing exporting STEs may not be appropriate.
รองเท้าในวรรณคดีไทย
Creators: name: ณัฐา ค้ำชู
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2014
Subjects: -

description: วรรณวิทัศน์, 14, พฤศจิกายน, 130-149