cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Argyrogrammana amalfreda Dolibaina, Dias, Mielke & Casagrande, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Dias, Fernando Maia Silva
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Argyrogrammana
Argyrogrammana amalfreda

description: Argyrogrammana amalfreda (Staudinger, [1887])
(Figs 9–10, 50)
A single male was collected in 2014 while perched on the underside of a leaf about six meters from the ground around 16:00h.
Apparently this species is known only from the type (Hall & Willmott 1995), and the specimen collected at the PNSD is the second record for the species in the last 125 years. As noticed by Hall & Willmott (1995), Brévignon & Gallard (1995) misidentify a new species described below as A. gallardi sp. nov. with A. amalfreda. In fact, the size of these species is similar; however, the large black areas on both wings upperside and the longer and larger subapical blue patch on forewing upperside of A. amalfreda can be easily used to distinguish it from A. gallardi sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Argyrogrammana Strand (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of four new species, pp. 227-245 in Zootaxa 4028 (2) on page 233, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233288
Argyrogrammana physis subsp. phyton Stichel 1911, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Dias, Fernando Maia Silva
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Argyrogrammana
Argyrogrammana physis
Argyrogrammana physis phyton (stichel, 1911)

description: Argyrogrammana physis phyton (Stichel, 1911)
(Figs 11–12, 51)
Two males of this subspecies were collected in 2013 and one in 2014, all in a small natural clearing on the top of the hill, around two meters from the ground. The species flew short distances and rests below small leaves, around 9:00h. At the same site, two males of A. bonita were collected flying in the middle of the afternoon in 2013.
This subspecies is similar to A. halli sp. nov. and A. gallardi sp. nov., however, it is distinguished from the former by the narrower wings and large orange area in forewing upperside, whereas from the latter by its larger size, absence of small black spots on the orange ground from hind wing upperside, and male genitalia with a short valvae, without a membranous median area (Fig. 51) (see the diagnosis of A. halli sp. nov. and A. gallardi sp. nov.). Furthermore, A. physis phyton flies in a different hour of the day. The specific validity of A. physis phyton has some support by the available evidence: the male genitalia, illustrated for a Ecuadorian specimen by Hall & Willmott (1995, fig. 19), is very similar to the examined by us (Fig. 51), and both are distinct from the illustration provided by Brévignon & Gallard (1995, fig. 8) for a specimen of A. physis physis from French Guiana, especially by the short and triangular valva and the long anterior projection of saccus in A. physis physis. Additionally, the male of A. physis phyton has larger orange areas in the upperside of the wings, a longer subapical blue patch in forewing upperside and a developed submarginal orange area in forewing underside when compared with A. physis physis (Brévignon & Gallard 1995, fig. 19, Hall & Willmott 1995 figs 3a, b). However, the presence of two undescribed subspecies of A. physis mentioned by Hall & Willmott (1995) prevents us from taking any taxonomic action until those specimens are examined.
In a study conducted at Parque Estadual do Chandless, Acre, Brazil (Mielke et al. 2010) this taxon was misidentified as Calospila rhesa (Hewitson, 1858).
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Argyrogrammana Strand (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of four new species, pp. 227-245 in Zootaxa 4028 (2) on page 233, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233288
Argyrogrammana celata Hall & Willmott 1995
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Dias, Fernando Maia Silva
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Argyrogrammana
Argyrogrammana celata

description: Argyrogrammana celata Hall & Willmott, 1995
(Figs 15–16, 53)
Seven males of this species were collected in 2014, all flying on a canopy of a tree about six meters high around 18:00h.
This species was described by Hall & Willmott (1995) from a hilltop in eastern Ecuador with similar elevation found at PNSD. All three species of Argyrogrammana described from this locality by Hall & Willmott (1995) were also collected at PNSD suggesting the wide distribution of these species in western Amazon.
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Argyrogrammana Strand (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of four new species, pp. 227-245 in Zootaxa 4028 (2) on page 235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233288
Argyrogrammana aparamilla Hall & Willmott 1995
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Dias, Fernando Maia Silva
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Argyrogrammana
Argyrogrammana aparamilla

description: Argyrogrammana aparamilla Hall & Willmott, 1995
(Figs 21–22, 55)
Two males of this distinctive species were collected at PNSD in 2013 and 2014. The male found in 2013 was captured while flying in a small sun patch at the hilltop, about one meter of the ground, around 14:30h with an aberrant male of A. bonita. The specimen found in 2014 was collected while resting on the underside of a leaf about two meters from the ground around 15:00h.
The males of A. aparamilla found at PNSD are the second record known for this species, which was described from a single male collected in similar elevation in eastern Ecuador. The color pattern of the specimens from PNSD differs in some aspects of the holotype of A. aparamilla, mainly by the addition of a blue spot in M3–CuA1 and reduction of the orange on the forewing upperside, and the underside of both wings with the black spots more developed. However, the male genitalia (Fig. 55) is similar to that figured by Hall & Willmott (1995, fig. 16) for the holotype of A. aparamilla.
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Argyrogrammana Strand (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of four new species, pp. 227-245 in Zootaxa 4028 (2) on page 237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233288
Argyrogrammana praestigiosa Stichel 1929
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Dias, Fernando Maia Silva
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Argyrogrammana
Argyrogrammana praestigiosa

description: Argyrogrammana praestigiosa (Stichel, 1929)
(Figs 23–24, 56)
Only one specimen was collected at PNSD in 2014 while it was flying and resting on the underside of a leaf about four meters from the ground around 13:00h.
Previously, this species was recorded only in French Guiana (Brévignon & Gallard 1995, Hall & Willmott 1995) and the present record is the first one to Brazil. Argyrogrammana praestigiosa is most similar to A. sonazul P. Jauffret & Martins, 2006, a species described based on a single male from Santo Antônio do Tauá, Pará, Brazil (Jauffret & Martins 2006). The taxonomic status of A. sonazul as a distinct species, a synonym or even a subspecies of A. praestigiosa is uncertain since no other specimen is known for this species and the genitalia was not illustrated on its original description. The specimen of A. praestigiosa collected in PNSD has the blue patch of the forewing upperside with the anterior and posterior elements shared with both types of A. praestigiosa and A. sonazul, suggesting that the latter might be co-specific with the former. Despite the distribution of A. praestigiosa, the genitalia of the specimen from PNSD is similar to that illustrated by Brévignon & Gallard (1995, fig. 10) from French Guiana, differing only by the presence of a median membranous area in valva, not illustrated by Brévignon & Gallard (1995), and the projection of the distal margin of the valva slightly projecting dorsally in the specimen from French Guiana.
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Argyrogrammana Strand (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of four new species, pp. 227-245 in Zootaxa 4028 (2) on page 237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233288
Argyrogrammana johannismarci Brevignon 1995
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Dias, Fernando Maia Silva
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Argyrogrammana
Argyrogrammana johannismarci

description: Argyrogrammana johannismarci Brévignon, 1995
(Figs 25–26, 57)
Two males of A. johannismarci were collected in 2014 while flying about one meter of the ground around 15:30h. This is the first record for this species in Brazil and no differences were noted comparing the specimens from PNSD with the specimens from the type locality (French Guiana).
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Argyrogrammana Strand (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of four new species, pp. 227-245 in Zootaxa 4028 (2) on page 238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233288
Argyrogrammana rameli Stichel 1930
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Dias, Fernando Maia Silva
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Argyrogrammana
Argyrogrammana rameli

description: Argyrogrammana rameli (Stichel, 1930)
(Figs 29–30, 59)
This is the most common Argyrogrammana species found at the PNSD, with 13 males specimens collected in 2011 (four), 2013 (four) and 2014 (five). Specimens were seen in different days at the hilltop, flying about one to two meters above the ground, at 14:00–16:00h. Some males fought in circular flight, after resting on underside’s leaves. The specimens recorded at the PNSD differ in some features from that one illustrated by Hall & Willmott (1996) from Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil and Ecuador, and by Brévignon & Gallard (1995) from French Guiana. The most notable differences are the larger yellow bands, and the presence of an orange band from the outer margin to the silvery blue submarginal band in both wings. Even though, the male genitalia only differ slightly from the illustrations provided by Brévignon & Gallard (1995) and Hall & Willmott (1996). Following the schematic drawings for identification of sibling species belonging to the “ trochilia complex” (Hall & Willmott 1996: 77), there is little doubt about the identity of the specimens collected at the PNSD.
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Argyrogrammana Strand (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of four new species, pp. 227-245 in Zootaxa 4028 (2) on page 240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233288
Argyrogrammana iracyi P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret 2007
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Dias, Fernando Maia Silva
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Argyrogrammana
Argyrogrammana iracyi

description: Argyrogrammana iracyi P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2007
(Figs 35–38, 61, 65)
Five males and one female were collected at the PNSD in 2011 (one male and one female), 2013 (two males) and 2014 (two males). In 2011, the male specimen was collected at the hilltop when resting under a leaf, five meters from the ground at 15:30h., and in 2013 and 2014 the males were captured about four meters from the ground while fighting in circular flight around 15:00h. The female was collected in 2011 at the base of a different hill, close to the Moa river at 17:00h., flying slowly one meter from the ground.
Argyrogrammana iracyi was recently described based on a single male collected in Santo Antônio do Tauá, Pará, Brazil (Jauffret & Jauffret 2007). Apparently, the five males and one female collected at PNSD are the only specimens known for this species excluding the holotype. Argyrogrammana iracyi has the wings color pattern similar to the type of A. placibilis, however, the male genitalia of A. iracyi differ in several aspects, mainly by the pointed hook-like structure which connects the valvae ventrally whereas this feature is absent in A. placibilis. Considering the shape of the valvae, Argyrogrammana iracyi appears to be closely related to A. occidentalis (Godman & Salvin, 1886) and A. sublimis Brévignon & Gallard, 1995. The female collected at the PNSD was paired with the males observing the similarity between the black spots of the wings, additionally, it differs from all females known for this complex figured by Brévignon & Gallard (1995) and Hall & Willmott (1996). The two subspecies described by Gallard (2008), A. iracyi saulensis and A. iracyi tunari belong to a distinct species (see discussion below).
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Argyrogrammana Strand (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of four new species, pp. 227-245 in Zootaxa 4028 (2) on page 243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233288
Zodion asiaticum Becker 1922
Creators: name: Stuke, Jens-Hermann
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Conopidae
Zodion
Zodion asiaticum

description: Zodion asiaticum Becker, 1922
(figs 10–11)
Material examined: Holotype (♂): (1) "Alai Geb. / VII. 1903 " [hand written]; (2) "50816"; (3) " Typus " [red]; (4) " asiaticum / Beck. / det. Becker" [first two lines hand written]. The specimen is deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Germany, Berlin (ZMHB).
When Becker (1922) described Z. asiaticum he pointed out that the most important character to distinguish his new species from other Zodion species was the milky clouded wing ("milchig getrübten Flügel"). This character was the only one used by Kröber (1936) to distinguish Z. asiaticum from Z. cinereum. Zimina (2000) distinguished Z. asiaticum from Z. cinereum by the lack of spots at the bases of the hairs on the abdomen and thorax, and the denser and thinner hairs. These characters do not accord with the original description, however, in which Becker (1922) stated "die sonst hervortretende Fleckung des Rückens ist sehr schwach ausgebildet, ebenso fehlt die Behaarung fast ganz, am Schildrande stehen nur 4 zarte Härchen" and "Hinterleib aschgrau, fast nackt mit sehr geringer Punktierung". The indistinct black spots on the apical segments of the abdomen can be explained by the condition of the abdomen of the type specimen, which has become wet so that the dusting is not easy to see (fig. 10).
I have compared the holotype of Z. asiaticum with specimens of Z. cinereum and could not find any characters to distinguish the two. The white veins of the wing which give a milky-white impression (fig. 11) are in reality only very light veins, and the pattern of the wing colouration otherwise resembles Z. cinereum completely. Therefore Z. asiaticum Becker, 1922 should be treated as a junior synonym of Z. cinereum (Fabricius, 1794) (syn. nov.).
description: Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2014, Some remarks on rare and new Palaearctic species of the genus Zodion Latreille (Diptera: Conopidae), pp. 235-252 in Zootaxa 3860 (3) on pages 237-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3860.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/252422
Zodion vsevolodi Zimina 1974
Creators: name: Stuke, Jens-Hermann
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Conopidae
Zodion
Zodion vsevolodi

description: Zodion vsevolodi Zimina, 1974
(figs 34–37)
Material examined: Material: JAPAN: 1♂, Paratype, 4.vii.1965, Aomori prf., Aoni, Kuroishi shi, leg. R. Narumi, coll. Moscow State University, Russia (ZMUM); 1♂, 15.v.1974, Honshu, Kuriyagawa, Morloka, Iwate, emerged from host Ceratina flavipes Smith, leg. Y. Maeta, PJHS; 1♀, 20.vii.1971, Honshu, Sugadaira, 1000 m, leg. V.S. van der Goot & J.A.W. Lucas, PJHS; SOUTH KOREA: 1♀, 6.–27.vi.2004, Jirisan, Hamyang-gum, Macheon-myon, Samyeong-li [35°20.930’N 127°38.503’E], leg. P. Tripton, PJHS.
Zodion vsevolodi can easily be recognised by the combination of the following characters: Antenna almost completely orange-brown; pedicel about as long as basal flagellomere (fig. 36); ocellar triangle short but distinct (posterior view), more-or-less shining brown; frons mainly brown, with several long black hairs; proboscis short (tip of labellum to palps: head height = 0.8–1.1); palp orange-brown, with bristles which are shorter than the length of the palp; scutum covered with long hairs which are more-or-less arranged in lines (fig. 37); dusting pattern on scutum only indistinct, with two submedial lines in the anterior half and hardly visible longer sublateral stripes (fig. 34); dorsal surface of the scutellum without hairs; 2–3 bristles on the posterior margin of the scutellum; wing length 3.9–4.8 mm; veins completely brown; radial cell r4+5 open or closed; legs brown with distinct blackish dusting on femora; abdomen of male (fig. 35) with large brown spots on tergites 1–3, a pair of brown triangular spots on tergite 4 and a pair of small brown spots on tergite 5; abdomen of female with indistinct pattern; abdomen sparsely haired, with more-or-less distinct brown spots at the bases of some hairs; epandrium (♂) or protandrium (♀) brown and therefore not contrasting with the brown abdomen.
Zodion vsevolodi has previously only been reported from Japan (Honshu) and Russia (Primorskij Kraj) by Zimina (1976) and Maeta & MacFarlane (1993).
description: Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2014, Some remarks on rare and new Palaearctic species of the genus Zodion Latreille (Diptera: Conopidae), pp. 235-252 in Zootaxa 3860 (3) on page 251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3860.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/252422
Absensomina Cartwright, 2010, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Cartwright, David I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Ecnomidae
Absensomina

description: Genus Absensomina gen. nov.
Type species. Absensomina weara, sp. nov., by original designation, from northeastern Queensland, Australia.
Diagnosis. Key characters of this monotypic genus are hind wing with fork 3 absent, forewing fork 2 with a long footstalk, footstalk about 4 times length of crossvein r -m, fork 3 with a long footstalk, head dorsally with posterior occipital warts positioned transversely and female genitalia with abdominal sternite VIII basally with a single, narrow mesal process; process not as obvious as for species of Ecnomina and Wellsomina.
Description. Relatively small adults, head dorsally with occipital warts aligned transversely; scutellum with oval scutal wart (Fig. 2). Wing venation: forewings relatively narrow, each with length about 4 times width; R1 divided distally, fork 2 nygma absent, forks 2, 3 and 4 present, all short with long footstalks; fork 2 footstalk relatively very long, length about 3.3–4.4 times length cross-vein r -m, length of fork 2 about 1.5–1.7 times length of fork 3; length of fork 3 about 0.6–0.7 times length of footstalk, footstalk fork 3 very long about 4.8–5.4 times length of cross-vein m, cross-veins r -m and m contiguous at fork 3; fork 4 slightly longer than fork 3; fork 5 about twice length of fork 4; discoidal cell closed, short, length about twice width. Hind wings relatively narrow, each with length about 5 times width, forks 2 and 5 present, short, fork 2 footstalk very long, length about 5.8–6.1 times length of cross-vein r -m, humeral lobe developed, discoidal cell narrow, length about 3 times width, 2 anal veins (Fig. 1). Male genitalia with superior appendages short with digitiform processes subapically; inferior appendages fused with mesodistal process. Female genitalia with abdominal sternite VIII relatively broad, basally with short, narrow mesal process, with several short hairs distolaterally, segment IX long, broad-based, tapered distally, segment X relatively short, slender with pair of small cerci (Fig. 6). Larva unknown.
Etymology. Absens - Latin word for missing (fork 3 absent in the hind wing), combined with part of the generic name Ecnomina.
Remarks. Absensomina is a monotypic genus endemic to northeastern Queensland and most similar to the genus Agmina from New Caledonia which also lacks fork 3 in each hind wing (Ward and Schefter 2000). It differs in several characters including forewings with relatively long footstalks to both forks 2 and 3 (Fig. 1) and the head dorsally with posterior occipital warts aligned transversely (Fig. 2).
description: Published as part of Cartwright, David I., 2010, Descriptions of 2 new genera and 13 new species of caddisflies from Australia (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2415 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194387
Computational and in vitro binding studies of the redesigned pentoxifylline analogue against phosphodiesterases function in sperm
Creators: name: Raj, Gupta
name: Reddy, Mokilla Ramachandra
name: Nitin, Kulhar
name: Satyanarayana, Gedu
name: Rajakumara, Eerappa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a widely used pharmacological agent for the selection of motile sperm in both normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic ejaculates prior to their use in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), e.g. intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Since cAMP signalling pathways underlie motility, PTX stimulates motility through the inhibition of cAMP-hydrolysing phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms in sperm, viz. PDE4A, PDE4D, and PDE10A. However, it has been noted that PTX causes an early acrosome reaction (AR) and has deleterious effects on oocyte development and early embryogenesis. Previous in vitro and in silico binding studies on the aforementioned PDEs with PTX and a modified PTX called PTXm-1 suggested room for improvement in terms of binding affinity. Indeed, using a structure-guided in silico approach we designed a novel modified PTX (mPTX), which outperformed both PTX and PTXm-1 in binding to PDEs in our in silico binding studies based on docking and molecular dynamics (MD) as well as in vitro binding studies employing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Our findings warrant comparative ex vivo evaluation of mPTX to know whether mPTX is more effective than PTX and PTXm-1 vis-à-vis functional competence for assisted reproductive technology.
Wellsomina bucera Cartwright, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cartwright, David I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Ecnomidae
Wellsomina
Wellsomina bucera

description: Wellsomina bucera sp. nov.
Figs 15–17
Diagnosis. Males of this species can be separated from others in the genus by the broadly separated apical processes on the inferior appendages.
Description. Head, body and wings pale brown to fawn; wings similar to those of W. stuarti (Fig. 7), length of forewing: male 3.1 mm. Wing venation: forewing length nearly 3.8 times width, each with forks 2, 3, 4 and 5 present; fork 2 relatively short, fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 2.5 times length of cross-vein r -m, length of fork 2 about 1.4 times length of fork 3; fork 3 short, length of fork 3 about 1.2 times length of footstalk, footstalk fork 3 very long, length about 3.4 times length of cross-vein m. Hind wing length about 4 times width, each with forks 2, 3 and 5 present, all short; fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 3.5 times length of cross-vein r -m.
Male. Tergum X membranous with wide mesal concavity (Fig. 17). Superior appendages complex, having short dorsobasal segment with short mesally directed process with apical spines and long ventromesally directed process without apical spines, and larger ventromesal segment simple, slightly laterally compressed, with spine-like setae apically (Figs 15, 16). Phallus tube-like with pair of short processes apically (Figs 15, 17). Inferior appendages fused, depressed, in ventral view broad, with pair of widely separated digitiform processes apically (Fig. 16); in lateral view robust, narrowed and upturned in distal third (Fig. 15).
Female. Unknown.
Holotype male (specimen CT-476 figured): Western Australia, Drysdale R. headwaters, 30 km NW Mt Elizabeth H.S., about 16°07'S, 126°00'E, 30 Sep 1979, J. Blyth (NMV, T- 20777).
Etymology. Bucera - Latin word for having ox’s horns (inferior appendages).
Remarks. Wellsomina bucera is known from only the type male from the Kimberley Region of northern Western Australia (latitude 16° 07'S).
description: Published as part of Cartwright, David I., 2010, Descriptions of 2 new genera and 13 new species of caddisflies from Australia (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2415 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194387
Wellsomina naumanni Cartwright, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cartwright, David I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Ecnomidae
Wellsomina
Wellsomina naumanni

description: Wellsomina naumanni sp. nov.
Figs 18–20
Diagnosis. Wellsomina naumanni can be distinguished from other Wellsomina species by the combination of 2 features: superior appendages with a dorsomesal process and inferior appendages fused in the basal 2/3rds and with sides parallel.
Description. Head, body and wings light brown; wings similar to those of W. stuarti (Fig. 7), length of forewing: male 2.5–2.6 mm. Wing venation: forewing length about 3.6 times width, each with forks 2, 3, 4 and 5 present; fork 2 relatively short, fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 2.2 times length of crossvein r -m, length of fork 2 about 1.8–2.0 times length of fork 3; fork 3 very short, length of fork 3 about 0.6 times length of footstalk, footstalk fork 3 very long, length about 4.2 times length of cross-vein m. Hind wing length about 4.5 times width, each with forks 2, 3 and 5 present, all short; fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 3.9–4.2 times length of cross-vein r -m.
Male. Tergum X membranous with small mesal split (Fig. 20). Superior appendages complex, slightly laterally compressed, with spine-like setae distally, and each having truncate mesal process with apical spines (Figs 18–20). Phallus simple, tube-like with single, long slender spine situated dorsally (Figs 18, 20). Inferior appendages depressed, in ventral view fused in basal 2/3rds, sides straight, distally with pair of widely separated robust digitiform processes (Fig. 19); in lateral view slender, tapered slightly and upturned distally (Fig. 18).
Female. Unknown.
Holotype male: Western Australia, Charnley R., 2 km SW Rolly Hill, CALM site 25/2, 16°22'S, 125°12'E, 16–20 Jun 1988, I.D. Naumann (ANIC).
Paratypes: Western Australia. 17 males (specimen CT-485 figured), collected with holotype (ANIC).
Etymology. Naumanni - named after Dr Ian Naumann (collector).
Remarks. This species is known from a total of 18 male specimens from the type locality only in the Kimberley Region of northern Western Australia (latitude 16°22'S).
description: Published as part of Cartwright, David I., 2010, Descriptions of 2 new genera and 13 new species of caddisflies from Australia (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2415 on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194387
Wellsomina thigi Cartwright, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cartwright, David I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Ecnomidae
Wellsomina
Wellsomina thigi

description: Wellsomina thigi sp. nov.
Figs 21–23
Diagnosis. Males of this species are characterised by very short, robust superior appendages and inferior appendages partly fused and relatively elongate.
Description. Head, body brown, abdomen paler ventrally, wings fawn; wings similar to those of W. stuarti (Fig. 7), length of forewing: male 2.7–2.8 mm. Wing venation: forewing length about 3.3 times width, each with forks 2, 3, 4 and 5 present; fork 2 relatively short, fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 1.6– 2.1 times length of cross-vein r -m, length of fork 2 about 1.4–1.7 times length of fork 3; fork 3 short, length of fork 3 about 0.9–1.2 times length of footstalk, footstalk of fork 3 very long, length about 2.6–3.8 times length of cross-vein m. Hind wing length about 4 times width, each with forks 2, 3 and 5 present, all short; fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 2 times length of cross-vein r -m.
Male. Tergum X membranous (Fig. 23). Superior appendages short, robust, laterally compressed, with spine-like setae mesally, and each with broad, truncate process dorsally (Figs 21–23). Phallus simple, tubelike with single, long process situated dorsally (Fig. 21). Inferior appendages depressed, in ventral view fused, with pair of digitiform processes distally, diverging to form V-shaped cleft (Fig. 22); in lateral view, slender, tapered and upturned slightly in distal 1/3rd (Fig. 21).
Female. Unknown.
Holotype male: Western Australia, Camp Ck, Mitchell Plateau (about 14°50'S, 125°50'E), lt tr., 31 Jan 1978, JEB (NMV, T- 20778).
Paratypes: Western Australia. 1 male (specimen CT-475 figured), Lone Dingo Ck, trib. of Mitchell R., Mitchell Plateau, 17 Feb 1979, JEB; 3 males, Camp Ck at crusher, Mitchell Plateau, UV lt, 15 Feb 1979, JEB (NMV).
Other material examined. Western Australia. 1 male, Charnley R., 2 km SW Rolly Hill, CALM site 25/ 2, 16–20 Jun 1988, I.D. Naumann (ANIC).
Etymology. Thigi - Australian Aboriginal word for short (superior appendages).
Remarks. Wellsomina thigi has been collected from 4 sites in the Kimberley Region of northern Western Australia (latitudinal range 14°50'– 16°22'S).
description: Published as part of Cartwright, David I., 2010, Descriptions of 2 new genera and 13 new species of caddisflies from Australia (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2415 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194387
Wellsomina furca Cartwright, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cartwright, David I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Ecnomidae
Wellsomina
Wellsomina furca

description: Wellsomina furca sp. nov.
Figs 27–29, 48
Diagnosis. Wellsomina furca is most similar to W. saeta, with the males of both having fused inferior appendages with prominent shoulders, but W. furca lacks the superior appendages with long apical setae.
Description. Head, body and wings fawn, abdomen paler ventrally; wings similar to those of W. stuarti (Fig. 7), length of forewing: male 2.6–2.7 mm, female 2.9 mm. Wing venation: forewing length about 3.7 times width, each with forks 2, 3, 4 and 5 present; fork 2 relatively short, fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 2.0–2.2 times length of cross-vein r -m, length of fork 2 about 1.5–2.2 times length of fork 3; fork 3 very short, length of fork 3 about 0.5–1.0 times length of footstalk, footstalk fork 3 very long, length about 3.6–4.8 times length of cross-vein m. Hind wing length about 4.6 times width, each with forks 2, 3 and fork 5 present; short, fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 3.7–4.1 times length of cross-vein r -m.
Male. Tergum X membranous (Fig. 29). Superior appendages complex, relatively short, robust, in dorsal view with dorso-mesal lobe with mesally directed spine-like setae apically, and outer, more-distal lobe with 2 mesally directed spine-like setae apically (Figs 28, 29); in lateral view, broad basally, tapering slightly distally. Phallus simple, robust, tube-like (Fig. 27). Inferior appendages strongly depressed, in ventral view fused, broad, length about 1.2 times width, with prominent shoulders distolaterally, and with pair of short digitiform processes distomesally (Fig. 28); in lateral view, robust, tapered in distal 1/3rd (Fig. 27).
Female. Genitalia with abdominal sternite VIII relatively broad, basally with slender digitiform mesal process; segment IX relatively short, broad-based, tapered slightly in distal quarter, segment X relatively long, slender with 1 pair of small cerci (Fig. 48).
Holotype male: Western Australia, Manning R. nr Mt Barnett, 16°40'S, 125°56'E, 8 Sep 1996, I. Edwards (NMV, T- 20796).
Paratypes. Western Australia. 1 male (specimen CT-474 figured), collected with holotype; 3 males, 1 female (specimen CT-535 figured), Barnett R. Gorge, Barnett Stn, Kimberley, 1 Oct 1979, JB (NMV).
Etymology. Furca - Latin word for two pronged (inferior appendages).
Remarks. Wellsomina furca is recorded from 2 sites in the Kimberley Region of northern Western Australia (latitudinal range 16°31'– 16°40'S).
description: Published as part of Cartwright, David I., 2010, Descriptions of 2 new genera and 13 new species of caddisflies from Australia (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2415 on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194387
Wellsomina ampulla Cartwright, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cartwright, David I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Ecnomidae
Wellsomina
Wellsomina ampulla

description: Wellsomina ampulla sp. nov.
Figs 39–41, 52
Diagnosis. Wellsomina ampulla can be separated from other Wellsomina species by the broad, rounded mesal flange or lobe on each superior appendage.
Description. Head, body and wings light brown; wings similar to those of W. stuarti (Fig. 7), length of forewing: male 2.6–2.9 mm, female 3.0– 3.1 mm. Wing venation: forewing length about 3.4 times width, each with forks 2, 3, 4 and 5 present; fork 2 relatively short, fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 1.4–2.2 times length of cross-vein r -m, length of fork 2 about 1.6–1.9 times length of fork 3; fork 3 very short, length of fork 3 about 0.6–0.7 times length of footstalk, footstalk of fork 3 very long, length about 3.5–4.1 times length of cross-vein m. Hind wing length about 4 times width, each with forks 2, 3 and fork 5 present, all short; fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 3.2 times length of cross-vein r -m.
Male. Tergum X membranous. Superior appendages complex, in dorsal view each with broad, rounded dorsomesal flange or lobe with spines mesally, ventrodistal lobe with 1 spine apically (Fig. 41); in lateral view superior appendages bifid, club shaped. Phallus simple, tube-like, truncated apically (Fig. 39). Inferior appendages strongly depressed, in ventral view fused, flask shaped, rounded laterally, with pair of digitiform processes distally, separated by narrow notch (Fig. 40); in lateral view slender, narrowed slightly in distal 1/ 4th (Fig. 39).
Female. Genitalia with abdominal sternite VIII relatively broad, basally with relatively short, slender digitiform mesal process; segment IX relatively short, broad-based, tapered distally; segment X relatively long, slender with 1 pair of small cerci (Fig. 52).
Holotype male: Queensland, Dulhunty R., Telegraph Crossing, 11°50'S, 142°30'E, 10 Feb 1992, Cartwright and Wells (NMV, T- 20843).
Paratypes: 1 male (specimen CT-437 figured), 5 females (specimen CT-520 figured), same site and collectors as holotype, 8–9 Feb 1992.
Etymology. Ampulla - Latin word for flask (inferior appendages).
Remarks. Wellsomina ampulla is an uncommon species taken only at the type locality on Cape York Peninsula, north-eastern Queensland (latitude 11°50'S).
description: Published as part of Cartwright, David I., 2010, Descriptions of 2 new genera and 13 new species of caddisflies from Australia (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2415 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194387
Wellsomina mattina Cartwright, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cartwright, David I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Ecnomidae
Wellsomina
Wellsomina mattina

description: Wellsomina mattina sp. nov.
Figs 42–44, 53
Diagnosis. Wellsomina mattina can be distinguished from congeners by the small, round knob-like dorsal lobe on each superior appendage, and in lateral view by the extremely slender inferior appendages.
Description. Head, body and wings fawn, abdomen paler ventrally; wings similar to those of W. stuarti (Fig. 7), length of forewing: male 2.5–2.6 mm, female 2.7–3.1 mm. Wing venation: forewing length about 3.7 times width, each with forks 2, 3, 4 and 5 present; fork 2 relatively short, fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 2.4–3.0 times length of cross-vein r -m, length of fork 2 about 1.9–2.1 times length of fork 3; fork 3 very short, length of fork 3 about 0.5–0.6 times length of footstalk, footstalk of fork 3 very long, length about 4.7–5.6 times length of cross-vein m. Hind wing length about 4–4.5 times width, each with forks 2, 3 and fork 5 present, all short; fork 2 footstalk relatively long, length about 4.1–4.5 times length of cross-vein r - m.
Male. Tergum X membranous. Superior appendages complex: in dorsal view each with rounded dorsomesal lobe with 5 spiny setae mesally, ventrodistal lobe with several relatively long spiny setae apically (Fig. 44); in lateral view superior appendages robust, each with rounded dorsal lobe separated from curved distal lobe. Phallus simple, tube-like (Fig. 42). Inferior appendages strongly depressed, in ventral view fused in basal 3/4ths, rounded laterally, with pair of digitiform processes distally, separated by narrow notch (Fig. 43); in lateral view very slender, slightly upturned in distal 1/4th (Fig. 42).
Female. Genitalia with abdominal sternite VIII relatively broad, basally with relatively long, slender digitiform mesal process; segment IX relatively short, broad-based, tapered distally, segment X relatively long, slender with 1 pair of small cerci (Fig. 53).
Holotype male: Northern Territory, Katherine River Gorge Nat. Pk (about 14°29'S, 132°26'E), 13 Aug 1979, J. Blyth (NMV, T- 20850).
Paratypes: 10 males (specimen PT-1084 figured), 12 females (specimen PT-1083 figured), collected with holotype (NMV).
Other material examined: Western Australia. 18 males, E. Charnley R., 2 km SW Rolly Hill, CALM site 25/2, 16°22'S, 125°12'E, 16–20 Jun 1988, I.D. Naumann (ANIC); 2 males, Drysdale R., 15°02'S, 126°55'E, 3–8 Aug 1979, I.F.B. Common and M.S. Upton (ANIC).
Etymology. Mattina - Australian Aboriginal word for double pointed club (inferior appendages). Remarks. Wellsomina mattina has been recorded from the Katherine River Gorge, Northern Territory and the Kimberley Region of northern Western Australia (latitudinal range 14°29'– 16°22'S).
description: Published as part of Cartwright, David I., 2010, Descriptions of 2 new genera and 13 new species of caddisflies from Australia (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2415 on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194387
Philobrya alata Urcola & Zelaya 2021
Creators: name: Urcola, Matias Ricardo
name: Zelaya, Diego Gabriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Arcida
Philobryidae
Philobrya
Philobrya alata

description: Philobrya alata Urcola & Zelaya, 2021
(Figure 3)
? Philobrya wandelensis. Melvill & Standen, 1912: 146. (Not Lamy, 1906: 50, 51, fig. 4).
Philobrya alata Urcola & Zelaya, 2021: 28, 29, fig. 4.
Remarks: Philobrya alata was recently described by Urcola & Zelaya (2021, p. 28, 29). It is an easily recognizable species due to its peculiar morphology: the ventral and posterior margin form an evenly convex curve and the posterior slope is wide and deep, giving the shell an alated appearance and high profile. In addition, P. alata shows an extremely short resilifer. Currently, the species is only known from the Atlantic coast of Patagonia at Tierra del Fuego, Isla de los Estados and Burdwood Bank, in a bathymetric range of 117‒286 m depth (Urcola & Zelaya 2021).
description: Published as part of Urcola, Matias Ricardo & Zelaya, Diego Gabriel, 2024, The Genus Philobrya J. G. Cooper, 1867 (Bivalvia: Philobryidae) In Patagonia And Adjacent Antarctic Waters, pp. 151-192 in Zootaxa 5437 (2) on pages 157-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5437.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10984619
Philobrya sanjuani Urcola & Zelaya 2021
Creators: name: Urcola, Matias Ricardo
name: Zelaya, Diego Gabriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Arcida
Philobryidae
Philobrya
Philobrya sanjuani

description: Philobrya sanjuani Urcola & Zelaya, 2021
(Figure 16)
Philobrya sanjuani Urcola & Zelaya, 2021: 26, 27, fig. 3.
Remarks: Philobrya sanjuani was recently described by Urcola & Zelaya (2021, p. 26, 27) thus being unnecessary to redescribe it herein. The species is characterized by having a delicate, modioliform shell with short anterior dorsal margin, narrow posterior slope, a microscopically pitted prodissoconch, and a cancellate dissoconch, covered with a thin, yellowish white periostracum, forming fine radial folds. As mentioned in the original description, Philobrya sanjuani is most similar to P. wandelensis (Fig. 18), from which it differs by having a shorter anterior portion of the dorsal margin, more markedly differentiated dorsal slope, narrower radial periostracal folds, and smaller prodissoconch and resilifer (Appendix 1).
Other similar species in general shell outline are Philobrya atlantica (Fig. 4), P. brattstromi (Fig. 8) and small-sized specimens of P. blakeana (Fig. 6). Philobrya sanjuani differs from all these species by having a smaller resilifer, shorter periostracal setae, and a pitted prodissoconch (Appendix 1). Philobrya sanjuani remains at present only known from its type locality, at Shag Rocks, 313 m depth.
description: Published as part of Urcola, Matias Ricardo & Zelaya, Diego Gabriel, 2024, The Genus Philobrya J. G. Cooper, 1867 (Bivalvia: Philobryidae) In Patagonia And Adjacent Antarctic Waters, pp. 151-192 in Zootaxa 5437 (2) on page 180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5437.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10984619
Diestramima Storozhenko 1990
Creators: name: Zhu, Qi-Di
name: Shi, Fu-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Rhaphidophoridae
Diestramima

description: Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990
Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 69(4): 835, 837; Gorochov & Storozhenko, 1992. In: Gorochov & Belokobylskij [Eds.]. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 245: 17; Gorochov, 1994. In: Gorochov & Kireichuk [Eds.]. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 257: 37; Gorochov, 1998. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 77(1): 81; Otte, 2000. Orthoptera Species File, 8: 53; Gorochov, 2010. Far Eastern Entomologist, 206: 14; Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014. Zootaxa, 3765(3): 288; Gorochov & Storozhenko, 2015. Zoosystematica Rossica, 24(1): 67; Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2016. Zootaxa, 4126(4): 514.
Type species: Diestrammena palpata Rehn, J.A.G., by original designation.
Generic diagnosis. Body medium sized in Diestramimini. Fastigium verticis divided into 2 conical tubercles, bases of tubercles drawn together. Fore femora unarmed on ventral surface. Hind basitarsi with 1–4 dorsal spines. Posteromedian process of male 7th abdominal tergite long, completely or almost completely covering paraprocts from above. Paraproct specialized, diverse in shape. Male genitalia completely membranous, with 8 lobes, ventrolateral lobes divided into 2 big lobes. Female 7th abdominal tergite with a small triangular posteromedian process.
description: Published as part of Zhu, Qi-Di & Shi, Fu-Ming, 2018, Review of the genus Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae) from China, pp. 249-274 in Zootaxa 4450 (2) on page 250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1444718
Modiola antarctica Philippi 1868
Creators: name: Urcola, Matias Ricardo
name: Zelaya, Diego Gabriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Arcida
Philobryidae
Modiola
Modiola antarctica

description: Modiola antarctica Philippi, 1868
Modiola antarctica Philippi, 1868: 224.
Remarks: Philippi (1868) described Modiola antarctica based on a specimen from “ Magallanes ” [apparently, the Strait of Magellan]. Soot-Ryen (1959) placed Philippi’s species in the genus Philobrya, suggesting that it might be a synonym of P. magellanica. Bernard (1983) and Huber (2010) followed this synonymy. The original description, however, is vague and lacking of detail for the identification of this species which, in addition, was never figured.
One of the few characters mentioned by Philippi (1868) is the similarity of P. antarctica with juveniles of Modiolus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758). The modioliform shape of the last species would preclude that P. antarctica is identical with P. magellanica which is ovate in outline. In addition, the original description of P. antarctica accounts for the presence of short periostracal setae, arranged in radial lines, a characteristic absent in P. magellanica. Alternatively, P. antarctica could be synonymous with either P. atlantica, P. blakeana or P. brattstromi, three species occurring at the southern tip of South America and showing the above-mentioned characteristics. Unfortunately, the original description of P. antarctica is not conclusive and its type material apparently lost (Oscar Gálvez Herrera, in litt., October 2019). Consequently, P. antarctica is here regarded as a nomen dubium.
description: Published as part of Urcola, Matias Ricardo & Zelaya, Diego Gabriel, 2024, The Genus Philobrya J. G. Cooper, 1867 (Bivalvia: Philobryidae) In Patagonia And Adjacent Antarctic Waters, pp. 151-192 in Zootaxa 5437 (2) on page 185, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5437.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10984619