cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Smart City Technologies as Threats or Opportunities? Variation in Cybersecurity Risks Across Technologies
Creators: name: Pan, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Urban Studies and Planning

description: Karen Trapenberg Frick and Alison Post, U.C. Berkeley, Principal Investigators. The urban studies literature on ‘smart cities’ is generally characterized by a concern about the dangers of introducing new technologies in urban service provision. Technologies such as CCTV cameras, predictive policing, smart meters, and online repositories of urban data are typically viewed with skepticism—as potential threats to privacy, as means by which private sector vendors may impose their agendas, and as increasing vulnerabilities to cyberattack. In this paper, we aim to introduce nuance into these debates. We hypothesize that smart city technologies vary in the opportunities and potential pitfalls they introduce in urban contexts. To illustrate this variation, we focus on concerns related to cybersecurity. We aim to show that security experts assess the risks posed by different types of smart city technologies when generally deployed. Our research will use an online survey to understand the perceptions of cybersecurity experts of vulnerabilities, threats, and consequences of potential cyberattacks to 9 smart city technologies: smart waste or recycling bins, satellite water leakage detection, water consumption tracking or smart meters, smart tolling, smart traffic lights/signals, public transit open data, emergency or security alerts, gunshot detection, and street video surveillance.
Approximating Bayes in the 21st Century
Creators: name: Martin, Gael M.
name: Frazier, David T.
name: Robert, Christian P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The 21st century has seen an enormous growth in the development and use of approximate Bayesian methods. Such methods produce computational solutions to certain intractable statistical problems that challenge exact methods like Markov chain Monte Carlo: for instance, models with unavailable likelihoods, high-dimensional models, and models featuring large data sets. These approximate methods are the subject of this review. The aim is to help new researchers in particular -- and more generally those interested in adopting a Bayesian approach to empirical work -- distinguish between different approximate techniques; understand the sense in which they are approximate; appreciate when and why particular methods are useful; and see the ways in which they can can be combined.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.06425
A Dark Matter Relic From Muon Anomalies
Creators: name: Bélanger, Geneviève
name: Delaunay, Cédric
name: Westhoff, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the recently reported anomalies in $b\to sμ^+μ^-$ transitions, as well as the long-standing $g_μ-2$ discrepancy, can be addressed simultaneously by a new massive abelian gauge boson with loop-induced coupling to muons. Such a scenario typically leads to a stable dark matter candidate with a thermal relic density close to the observed value. Dark matter in our model couples dominantly to leptons, hence signals in direct detection experiments lie well below the current sensitivity. The LHC, in combination with indirect detection searches, can test this scenario through distinctive signatures with muon pairs and missing energy.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Continual learning of longitudinal health records
Creators: name: Armstrong, J.
name: Clifton, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Continual learning denotes machine learning methods which can adapt to new environments while retaining and reusing knowledge gained from past experiences. Such methods address two issues encountered by models in non-stationary environments: ungeneralisability to new data, and the catastrophic forgetting of previous knowledge when retrained. This is a pervasive problem in clinical settings where patient data exhibits covariate shift not only between populations, but also continuously over time. However, while continual learning methods have seen nascent success in the imaging domain, they have been little applied to the multi-variate sequential data characteristic of critical care patient recordings. Here we evaluate a variety of continual learning methods on longitudinal ICU data in a series of representative healthcare scenarios. We find that while several methods mitigate short-term forgetting, domain shift remains a challenging problem over large series of tasks, with only replay based methods achieving stable long-term performance. Code for reproducing all experiments can be found at https://github.com/iacobo/continual
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
MLExchange: A web-based platform enabling exchangeable machine learning workflows for scientific studies
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhuowen
name: Chavez, Tanny
name: Holman, Elizabeth A.
name: Hao, Guanhua
name: Green, Adam
name: Krishnan, Harinarayan
name: McReynolds, Dylan
name: Pandolfi, Ronald
name: Roberts, Eric J.
name: Zwart, Petrus H.
name: Yanxon, Howard
name: Schwarz, Nicholas
name: Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian
name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
name: Mehta, Apurva
name: Campbell, Stuart
name: Hexemer, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) algorithms are showing a growing trend in helping the scientific communities across different disciplines and institutions to address large and diverse data problems. However, many available ML tools are programmatically demanding and computationally costly. The MLExchange project aims to build a collaborative platform equipped with enabling tools that allow scientists and facility users who do not have a profound ML background to use ML and computational resources in scientific discovery. At the high level, we are targeting a full user experience where managing and exchanging ML algorithms, workflows, and data are readily available through web applications. Since each component is an independent container, the whole platform or its individual service(s) can be easily deployed at servers of different scales, ranging from a personal device (laptop, smart phone, etc.) to high performance clusters (HPC) accessed (simultaneously) by many users. Thus, MLExchange renders flexible using scenarios -- users could either access the services and resources from a remote server or run the whole platform or its individual service(s) within their local network.
description: The accepted version with DOI and IEEE copyright notice in the first page
Assessing the contributions of cognitive-behavioral and  ACT constructs in the prediction of health anxiety
Creators: name: Overbey, Tate
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Cognitive-behavioral models of health anxiety (HA), although widely-accepted, do not entirely explain the variability in HA symptoms. Constructs derived from Relational Frame Theory (RFT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may improve our understanding of HA above and beyond cognitive-behavioral constructs. The current study investigates the degree to which RFT constructs e.g., cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance (EA) predict HA and whether or not they explain unique variability in HA symptoms above and beyond cognitive-behavioral constructs.  Participants (N=265) completed online self-report measures of HA, dysfunctional health-related cognitions, EA, cognitive fusion, and general distress. To examine the extent to which RFT constructs predicted HA symptoms after controlling for general distress and health-related cognitions, a hierarchical regression analysis that included general distress in step 1, health-related cognitions in step 2, and RFT constructs in step 3 was conducted. Bivariate correlation analyses revealed that all cognitive-behavioral and RFT constructs were associated with HA symptoms (rs ranging from 0.17 to 0.49, ps < .01). Analyses revealed that a) the overall regression model accounted for 41.9% of the variance in HA symptoms F(9,264) = 22.18, p < .001, and b) RFT constructs, taken together explained unique variance above and beyond cognitive behavioral constructs in the prediction of HA symptoms (ΔR2 = .02, F (2,255) = 4.27, p = .02).  Results support the notion that RFT offers explanatory power in understanding HA symptoms. Findings have implications for including acceptance-based strategies in the treatment of HA. Study limitations and future directions will be discussed.
Assessing contributions to learned cognitive flexibility
Creators: name: Bejjani, Christina
name: Siqi-Liu, Audrey
name: Egner, Tobias
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This preregistration is an edit to the former preregistration posted here.
Effective and Efficient PageRank-based Positioning for Graph Visualization
Creators: name: Zhang, Shiqi
name: Yang, Renchi
name: Xiao, Xiaokui
name: Yan, Xiao
name: Tang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph visualization is a vital component in many real-world applications (e.g., social network analysis, web mining, and bioinformatics) that enables users to unearth crucial insights from complex data. Lying in the core of graph visualization is the node distance measure, which determines how the nodes are placed on the screen. A favorable node distance measure should be informative in reflecting the full structural information between nodes and effective in optimizing visual aesthetics. However, existing node distance measures yield sub-par visualization quality as they fall short of these requirements. Moreover, most existing measures are computationally inefficient, incurring a long response time when visualizing large graphs. To overcome such deficiencies, we propose a new node distance measure, PDist, geared towards graph visualization by exploiting a well-known node proximity measure, personalized PageRank. Moreover, we propose an efficient algorithm Tau-Push for estimating PDist under both single- and multi-level visualization settings. With several carefully-designed techniques, Tau-Push offers non-trivial theoretical guarantees for estimation accuracy and computation complexity. Extensive experiments show that our proposal significantly outperforms 13 state-of-the-art graph visualization solutions on 12 real-world graphs in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness (including aesthetic criteria and user feedback). In particular, our proposal can interactively produce satisfactory visualizations within one second for billion-edge graphs.
description: The technical report of the paper entitled 'Effective and Efficient PageRank-based Positioning for Graph Visualization' in SIGMOD'23
Construction of extremal Type II $\mathbb{Z}_{2k}$-codes
Creators: name: Harada, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94B05

description: We give methods for constructing many self-dual $\mathbb{Z}_m$-codes and Type II $\mathbb{Z}_{2k}$-codes of length $2n$ starting from a given self-dual $\mathbb{Z}_m$-code and Type II $\mathbb{Z}_{2k}$-code of length $2n$, respectively. As an application, we construct extremal Type II $\mathbb{Z}_{2k}$-codes of length $24$ for $k=4,5,\ldots,20$ and extremal Type II $\mathbb{Z}_{2k}$-codes of length $32$ for $k=4,5,\ldots,10$. We also construct new extremal Type II $\mathbb{Z}_4$-codes of lengths $56$ and $64$.
description: 25 pages
The Assouad dimensions of projections of planar sets
Creators: name: Fraser, Jonathan M.
name: Orponen, Tuomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 28A78

description: We consider the Assouad dimensions of orthogonal projections of planar sets onto lines. Our investigation covers both general and self-similar sets. For general sets, the main result is the following: if a set in the plane has Assouad dimension $s \in [0,2]$, then the projections have Assouad dimension at least $\min\{1,s\}$ almost surely. Compared to the famous analogue for Hausdorff dimension -- namely \emph{Marstrand's Projection Theorem} -- a striking difference is that the words `at least' cannot be dispensed with: in fact, for many planar self-similar sets of dimension $s < 1$, we prove that the Assouad dimension of projections can attain both values $s$ and $1$ for a set of directions of positive measure. For self-similar sets, our investigation splits naturally into two cases: when the group of rotations is discrete, and when it is dense. In the `discrete rotations' case we prove the following dichotomy for any given projection: either the Hausdorff measure is positive in the Hausdorff dimension, in which case the Hausdorff and Assouad dimensions coincide; or the Hausdorff measure is zero in the Hausdorff dimension, in which case the Assouad dimension is equal to 1. In the `dense rotations' case we prove that every projection has Assouad dimension equal to one, assuming that the planar set is not a singleton. As another application of our results, we show that there is no \emph{Falconer's Theorem} for Assouad dimension. More precisely, the Assouad dimension of a self-similar (or self-affine) set is not in general almost surely constant when one randomises the translation vectors.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Proc. Lond. Math. Soc
PROMPT: Learning Dynamic Resource Allocation Policies for Network Applications
Creators: name: Penney, Drew
name: Li, Bin
name: Sydir, Jaroslaw
name: Chen, Lizhong
name: Tai, Charlie
name: Lee, Stefan
name: Walsh, Eoin
name: Long, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A growing number of service providers are exploring methods to improve server utilization and reduce power consumption by co-scheduling high-priority latency-critical workloads with best-effort workloads. This practice requires strict resource allocation between workloads to reduce contention and maintain Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees. Prior work demonstrated promising opportunities to dynamically allocate resources based on workload demand, but may fail to meet QoS objectives in more stringent operating environments due to the presence of resource allocation cliffs, transient fluctuations in workload performance, and rapidly changing resource demand. We therefore propose PROMPT, a novel resource allocation framework using proactive QoS prediction to guide a reinforcement learning controller. PROMPT enables more precise resource optimization, more consistent handling of transient behaviors, and more robust generalization when co-scheduling new best-effort workloads not encountered during policy training. Evaluation shows that the proposed method incurs 4.2x fewer QoS violations, reduces severity of QoS violations by 12.7x, improves best-effort workload performance, and improves overall power efficiency over prior work.
description: Accepted in Future Generation Computer Systems (FGCS)
A Crafted Legacy: The Self-Memorialization of John Motley Morehead III
Creators: name: Oliver, Lindsay
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: This paper explores the self-memorialization project of John Motley Morehead III (1870-1965) through his benefactions to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1930s through 1950s. An examination of the conception and execution of the Morehead-Patterson Bell Tower, Morehead Planetarium and Sundial, and Morehead-Cain Foundation reveals how Morehead sought to carefully engrave his name and memory into both the built landscape and the reputation of the University to promote a legacy of prestige through his own memory. This paper also examines relevant biographical details drawn from Morehead’s personal papers, which have not previously been subject to academic examination, and offers a critical review of Morehead’s legacy and contributions to the University as well as situates them within the philanthropic context of this period. Finally, it explores the implications of Morehead’s self-memorialization project for contemporary philanthropy as a means of establishing legacy.
Orientation Control System: Enhancing Aerial Maneuvers for Quadruped Robots
Creators: name: Roscia, Francesco
name: Cumerlotti, Andrea
name: Del Prete, Andrea
name: Semini, Claudio
name: Focchi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For legged robots, aerial motions are the only option to overpass obstacles that cannot be circumvent with standard locomotion gaits. In these cases, the robot must perform a leap to either jump onto the obstacle or fly over it. However, these movements represent a challenge because during the flight phase the Center of Mass (CoM) cannot be controlled, and the robot orientation has limited controllability. This paper focuses on the latter issue and proposes an Orientation Control System (OCS) consisting of two rotating and actuated masses (flywheels or reaction wheels) to gain control authority on the robot orientation. Because of the conservation of angular momentum, their rotational velocity can be adjusted to steer the robot orientation even when there are no contacts with the ground. The axes of rotation of the flywheels are designed to be incident, leading to a compact orientation control system that is capable of controlling both roll and pitch angles, considering the different moment of inertia in the two directions. We tested the concept with simulations on the robot Solo12.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
The plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside inhibits mammary tumor growth: determining the role of inflammation
Creators: name: Lineberger, Claire
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background: Secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) is a polyphenolic plant lignan found in
flax and sesame seeds as well as legumes, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. It is metabolized
by the gut bacteria into two major enterolignans: enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END).
These enterolignans have been associated with reduced breast cancer risk and progression in
population studies as well as decreased tumor growth in preclinical models of breast cancer.
Methods: The impact of SDG supplementation on tumor growth in a mouse model of basal-like
breast cancer was examined. C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (10% kcal from fat) or
control diet with SDG supplementation (100 mg/kg food) for eight weeks, then both groups were
orthotopically injected with E0771 mammary tumor cells. Tumor and distal mammary fat pad
(DMFP) were analyzed by qPCR to determine relative mRNA levels of ERa and ERb. An
inflammatory signaling qPCR array (Qiagen) was performed on DMFP, and a NF-kB target gene
qPCR array (Qiagen) was performed on tumors. Tumors were stained by immunohistochemistry
(IHC) for Ki67 to measure proliferation levels, phospho-p65 and p-STAT3 to determine
inflammatory signaling pathway activation, as well as cleaved caspase 3 to determine levels of
apoptosis. MFP were also stained for F4/80 to quantify macrophage infiltration. Serum level of
cytokines were measured via luminex assay (Bio-Rad). Mouse E0771 tumor cells were treated
with ENL and analyzed by qPCR to determine ERa and ERb expression. Mouse E0771 tumor
cells were also treated with ENL, +/- lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and NF-kB activity determined
via DNA-binding ELISA.
Results: SDG supplementation significantly decreased tumor volume (p<0.05). SDG did not
affect body weight or body fat percentage. ERb but not ERa expression in both tumor and
DMFP were significant increased with SDG supplementation. ENL treatment of E0771 cells in
vitro also increased ERb expression. SDG significantly decreased expression of F4/80, CRP, and
other pro-inflammatory markers in the mammary tissue. IHC staining revealed no difference in
tumor proliferation or apoptosis; however, SDG supplementation did reduce inflammatory
signaling in the tumors, indicated by a significant decrease in phospho-p65 staining, as well as
43 NF-kB target genes. However, serum cytokine levels were not significantly different between
the groups. ENL treatment of E0771 cells in vitro (without LPS) significantly increased ERb
expression and decreased NF-kB activation.
Conclusions: SDG supplementation reduced mammary tumor growth in association with an
increase in ERb expression and a decrease in local, but not systemic, inflammatory signaling.
Given that ERb activity has been linked to reduced NF-kB activation in other cancer types, the
mechanistic links between SDG, ERb expression, NF-kB activity, and mammary tumor growth
will be further investigated.
Remarks on the Convergence Properties of the Conformal Block Expansion
Creators: name: Rychkov, Slava
name: Yvernay, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to refine conformal block expansion convergence estimates from hep-th/1208.6449. In doing so we find a novel explicit formula for the 3d conformal blocks on the real axis.
description: 12pp
Pseudo-hydrodynamic flow of quasiparticles in semimetal WTe2 at room temperature
Creators: name: Choi, Young-Gwan
name: Doan, Manh-Ha
name: Choi, Gyung-Min
name: Chernodub, Maxim N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, much interest has emerged in fluid-like electric charge transport in various solid-state systems. The hydrodynamic behavior of the electronic fluid reveals itself as a decrease of the electrical resistance with increasing temperature (the Gurzhi effect) in narrow conducting channels, polynomial scaling of the resistance as a function of the channel width, substantial violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law supported by the emergence of the Poiseuille flow. Similarly to whirlpools in flowing water, the viscous electronic flow generates vortices, resulting in abnormal sign-changing electrical response driven by the backflow of electrical current. Experimentally, the presence of the hydrodynamic vortices was observed in low-temperature graphene as a negative voltage drop near the current-injecting contacts. However, the question of whether the long-ranged sign-changing electrical response can be produced by a mechanism other than hydrodynamics has not been addressed so far. Here we use polarization-sensitive laser microscopy to demonstrate the emergence of visually similar abnormal sign-alternating patterns in charge density in multilayer tungsten ditelluride at room temperature where this material does not exhibit true electronic hydrodynamics. We argue that this pseudo-hydrodynamic behavior appears due to a subtle interplay between the diffusive transport of electrons and holes. In particular, the sign-alternating charge accumulation in WTe2 is supported by the unexpected backflow of compressible neutral electron-hole current, which creates charge-neutral whirlpools in the bulk of this nearly compensated semimetal. We demonstrate that the exceptionally large spatial size of the charge domains is sustained by the long recombination time of electron-hole pairs.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures + supplementary material
Are categorization effects enhanced by meaningful vs. arbitrary labels in a breathing paradigm?
Creators: name: Slotta, Timo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Precise monitoring of body sensations ("interoceptive accuracy", Khalsa et al., 2018) is essential to maintain homeostasis and can even be lifesaving, e.g. in asthma. Previous research showed that basal perceptual processes such as stimulus organization are at work in interoception: When comparing somatic stimuli in a breathing paradigm, type of categorization (arbitrary vs. continuous categorical organization) influenced magnitude estimations as well as breathing behavior in healthy participants (Petersen, Schroijen, Mölders, Zenker, & Van den Bergh, 2014). Specifically, different breathing resistance loads were perceived as more similar within than between categories. In addition, self-reported number and frequency of somatic symptoms were associated with an overestimation of stimulus intensities at category borders (Petersen, Van Staeyen, Vogele, von Leupoldt, & Van den Bergh, 2015). Next to arbitrary categories, previous research showed that interoceptive perceptions are also influenced by contextual information. For example, Bogaerts et al. (2008) found lower interoceptive accuracy of breathing sensations in high symptom reporters in a symptom-related, but not in a neutral context. The predictive coding theory of symptom perception assumes that symptom predictions influence body perception (Van den Bergh, Witthöft, Petersen, & Brown, 2017). Arbitrary and continual categories might influence such predictions and thereby change perceptions. This in turn may help explain the development and maintenance of somatic symptom disorders. The present study was designed to 1) replicate findings of a basic categorization effects on the classification of breathing sensations (Petersen et al., 2014), 2) examine whether meaningful labels (categories “sensations” and “symptoms”) produce stronger categorization effects than arbitrary labels (categories “A” and “B”), and 3) relate potential categorization effects to psychopathological measures such as symptom reporting and illness anxiety.
Normalized ground state solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations involving exponential critical growth
Creators: name: Chang, Xiaojun
name: Liu, Manting
name: Yan, Duokui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A15, 35J20, 35B33, 35Q55

description: We are concerned with the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation \begin{eqnarray*} \begin{aligned} \begin{cases} -Δu+λu=f(u) \ \ {\rm in}\ \mathbb{R}^{2},\\ u\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{2}),~~~ \int_{\mathbb{R}^2}u^2dx=ρ, \end{cases} \end{aligned} \end{eqnarray*} where $ρ>0$ is given, $λ\in\mathbb{R}$ arises as a Lagrange multiplier and $f$ satisfies an exponential critical growth. Without assuming the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition, we show the existence of normalized ground state solutions for any $ρ>0$. The proof is based on a constrained minimization method and the Trudinger-Moser inequality in $\mathbb{R}^2$.
description: 19 pages
Theory of Cross Phenomena and Their Coefficients Beyond Onsager Theorem
Creators: name: Liu, Zi-Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross phenomena, representing responses of a system to external stimuli, are ubiquitous from quantum to macro scale. The Onsager theorem is often used to describe them, stating that the coefficient matrix of cross phenomena connecting the driving forces and the fluxes of internal processes is symmetric. Here we show that this matrix is intrinsically diagonal when the driving forces are chosen from the gradients of potentials that drive the fluxes of their respective conjugate molar quantities in the combined law of thermodynamics including the contributions from internal processes. Various cross phenomena are discussed in terms of the present theory. https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2022.2054668
Detection of Possible Bolide Signals in Wanaka Balloon Data by Programming in R
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: A super pressure scientific balloon was set off by NASA in Wanaka, New Zealand on May 16th 2016, and the balloon floated for a record mid-latitude flight of 46 days, 20 hours, and 19 minutes. The seismology research group in UNC led by Dr. Jonathan M Lees set an array of three acoustic microphones on the balloon to collect the infrasonic signals at the altitude of around 30-40 km. After the data was retrieved, the wave forms were then selected with certain methods and some statistical analysis were then applied to figure out the possible events such as bolide explosions that could correspond to certain distinct wave form.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK ANAK DALAM MEMPEROLEH PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
Creators: name: Arliman S, Laurensius
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Hak Kesehatan
subject: Perlindungan Anak

description: Diterbitkan di Jurnal Advokasi, Volume 5, Nomor 1, Than 2014 - STIH Padang. Secara konstitusional, hak anak yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan ditegaskan dalam perubahan kedua, Pasal 28B ayat (2) yang menyatakan bahwa setiap anak berhak atas kelangsungan hidup, tumbuh dan berkembang serta berhak atas perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi. Pengakuan ini diperkuat dengan Pasal 28H ayat(1) yang mengatakan bahwa setiap orang berhak hidup sejahtera lahir dan batin, bertempat tinggal, dan mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan. Beranjak dari situ penulis ingin membahas lebih lanjut dalam artikel yang akan membahas bagaimana pengaturan hak anak dalam memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan dan bagaiman peran pemerintah dalam memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan bagi anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan hak tumbuh kembang anak secara sehat didasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan untuk menentukan upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam menjamin kesehatan hak anak untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan.
The Relativistic Blackbody Spectrum in Inertial and Non-Inertial Reference Frames
Creators: name: Lee, Jeff
name: Cleaver, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By invoking inverse temperature as a van Kampen-Isreal future-directed timelike 4-vector, this paper derives the Relativistic Blackbody Spectrum, the Relativistic Wien's Displacement Law, and the Relativistic Stefan-Boltzmann Law in inertial and non-inertial reference frames.
description: 28 pages, 19 figures
Klout Score: Measuring Influence Across Multiple Social Networks
Creators: name: Rao, Adithya
name: Spasojevic, Nemanja
name: Li, Zhisheng
name: DSouza, Trevor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we present the Klout Score, an influence scoring system that assigns scores to 750 million users across 9 different social networks on a daily basis. We propose a hierarchical framework for generating an influence score for each user, by incorporating information for the user from multiple networks and communities. Over 3600 features that capture signals of influential interactions are aggregated across multiple dimensions for each user. The features are scalably generated by processing over 45 billion interactions from social networks every day, as well as by incorporating factors that indicate real world influence. Supervised models trained from labeled data determine the weights for features, and the final Klout Score is obtained by hierarchically combining communities and networks. We validate the correctness of the score by showing that users with higher scores are able to spread information more effectively in a network. Finally, we use several comparisons to other ranking systems to show that highly influential and recognizable users across different domains have high Klout scores.
description: 8 pages, 2015 IEEE International Big Data Conference - Workshop on Mining Big Data in Social Networks
No Pain, No Gain: Pain and Religious Experience in Sports
Creators: name: Jenkins, Brice T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This project explores pain as a tool for achieving an experience which could possibly be identified as “religious.” Because sports require strenuous physical and mental activity from an athlete, it becomes an endeavor often rooted in pain. However, for some athletes, and especially for the champion, this pain can become a constructive tool with which to achieve victory and human excellence. Like the Medieval Christian mystic, who might have viewed physical and spiritual suffering as an avenue to unity with God, physical and mental suffering in the same way becomes a transformative agent in the life of the athlete, cultivating the body and competitive spirit in order to win. When framed under the pretense that sports can function religiously for an athlete, by constructing sacred elements, inspiring a unique world-view, and demanding a particular behavior and ascetic mode of living, one’s experience in sports appears wholly similar to that of the religious realm. This connection is even more evident in the neurological studies of athletes and shamans, whose “transcendent” experiences can both be linked to endorphin production in the brain.
Weakly and Semi-Supervised Detection, Segmentation and Tracking of Table Grapes with Limited and Noisy Data
Creators: name: Ciarfuglia, Thomas A.
name: Motoi, Ionut M.
name: Saraceni, Leonardo
name: Fawakherji, Mulham
name: Sanfeliu, Alberto
name: Nardi, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detection, segmentation and tracking of fruits and vegetables are three fundamental tasks for precision agriculture, enabling robotic harvesting and yield estimation applications. However, modern algorithms are data hungry and it is not always possible to gather enough data to apply the best performing supervised approaches. Since data collection is an expensive and cumbersome task, the enabling technologies for using computer vision in agriculture are often out of reach for small businesses. Following previous work in this context, where we proposed an initial weakly supervised solution to reduce the data needed to get state-of-the-art detection and segmentation in precision agriculture applications, here we improve that system and explore the problem of tracking fruits in orchards. We present the case of vineyards of table grapes in southern Lazio (Italy) since grapes are a difficult fruit to segment due to occlusion, color and general illumination conditions. We consider the case in which there is some initial labelled data that could work as source data (\eg wine grape data), but it is considerably different from the target data (e.g. table grape data). To improve detection and segmentation on the target data, we propose to train the segmentation algorithm with a weak bounding box label, while for tracking we leverage 3D Structure from Motion algorithms to generate new labels from already labelled samples. Finally, the two systems are combined in a full semi-supervised approach. Comparisons with state-of-the-art supervised solutions show how our methods are able to train new models that achieve high performances with few labelled images and with very simple labelling.
Mapping attention across multiple media tasks
Creators: name: Fisher, Jacob T.
name: Hopp, Frederic R.
name: Weber, René
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Paying attention to media requires continuously selecting and processing relevant information while filtering out numerous competing stimuli. Although the factors that drive attention toward or away from a single media task are relatively well characterized, there is a lack of understanding regarding how attention to media functions in the presence of multiple, concurrent tasks. In this manuscript, we report findings from four experiments investigating this question. Results indicate that, rather than attention being based on a strict hierarchy between “primary” and “secondary” tasks, attentional resources are distributed across concurrent media tasks based on the (relative) rewardingness and effortfulness of each task. More rewarding tasks elicited more attention, and the attention-capturing influence of rewarding “secondary” tasks was magnified when the “primary” task was more cognitively effortful. These results provide support for recent theoretical advancements in media psychology research and point to promising future directions using updated models of motivated attention to predict the allocation of attentional resources across multiple concurrent tasks.
Lubrication effects on droplet manipulation by electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD)
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Ken
name: Takagi, Shimpei
name: Ichikawa, Yoshiyasu
name: Motosuke, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrowetting has a potential to realize stand-alone point-of-care (POC) devices. Here we report droplet-migration characteristics on oil-infused electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) substrates. We prepare sparse micropillars to retain the oil layer in order to exploit the layer as a lubricating film. A physical model of the droplet velocity is developed, and effects of the lubrication, the oil viscosity, the droplet volume, and the thickness of solid and liquid dielectric layers are discussed. It is found that the droplet velocity is scaled as square of E, which differs from a relationship of cube of E for droplets sliding down on liquid-infused surfaces by gravity. Furthermore, our device achieves droplet velocity of 1 mm/s at the applied voltage of 15 V. The velocity is approximately tenfold as high as the same condition (applied voltage and oil viscosity) on porous-structure-based liquid-infused surfaces. The achieved high velocity is explained by a lubrication-flow effect.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
A Baum-Connes conjecture for singular foliations
Creators: name: Androulidakis, Iakovos
name: Skandalis, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 46L87, Secondary: 58J22, 19K45, 53C22, 22A25

description: We consider singular foliations whose holonomy groupoid may be nicely decomposed using Lie groupoids (of unequal dimension). We show that the Baum-Connes conjecture can be formulated in this setting. This conjecture is shown to hold under assumptions of amenability. We examine several examples that can be described in this way and make explicit computations of their K-theory.
description: 51 pages. The new version (October 2016) contains a much more explicit geometric construction of the left-hand side, also for foliations of singularity height larger than 1
Spectral broadening of a single Er$^{3+}$ ion in a Si nano-transistor
Creators: name: Yang, Jiliang
name: Wang, Jian
name: Fan, Wenda
name: Zhang, Yangbo
name: Duan, Changkui
name: Hu, Guangchong
name: de Boo, Gabriele G.
name: Johnson, Brett C.
name: McCallum, Jeffrey C.
name: Rogge, Sven
name: Yin, Chunming
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single rare-earth ions in solids show great potential for quantum applications, including single photon emission, quantum computing, and high-precision sensing. However, homogeneous linewidths observed for single rare-earth ions are orders of magnitude larger than the sub-kilohertz linewidths observed for ensembles in bulk crystals. The spectral broadening creates a significant challenge for achieving entanglement generation and qubit operation with single rare-earth ions, so it is critical to investigate the broadening mechanisms. We report a spectral broadening study on a single Er$^{3+}$ ion in a Si nano-transistor. The Er-induced photoionisation rate is found to be an appropriate quantity to represent the optical transition probability for spectroscopic studies, and the single ion spectra display a Lorentzian lineshape at all optical powers in use. Spectral broadening is observed at relatively high optical powers and is caused by spectral diffusion on a fast time scale.
Quantum Vortex Formation in the "Rotating Bucket'' Experiment with Polariton Condensates
Creators: name: Gnusov, Ivan
name: Harrison, Stella
name: Alyatkin, Sergey
name: Sitnik, Kirill
name: Topfer, Julian
name: Sigurdsson, Helgi
name: Lagoudakis, Pavlos G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The appearance of quantised vortices in the classical ``rotating bucket'' experiments of liquid helium and ultracold dilute gases provides the means for fundamental and comparative studies of different superfluids. Here, we realize the ``rotating bucket'' experiment for optically trapped quantum fluid of light based on exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensate in semiconductor microcavity. We utilise the beating note of two frequency-stabilized single-mode lasers to generate an asymmetric time-periodic rotating, non-resonant excitation profile that both injects and stirs the condensate through its interaction with a background exciton reservoir. The pump-induced external rotation of the condensate results in the appearance of a co-rotating quantised vortex. We investigate the rotation-frequency dependence and reveal the range of stirring frequencies (from 1 to 4 GHz) which favors quantised vortex formation. We describe the phenomenology using the generalised Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Our results enable the study of polariton superfluidity on a par with other superfluids, as well as deterministic, all-optical control over structured nonlinear light.
Field theory description of ion association in re-entrant phase separation of polyampholytes
Creators: name: Wessén, Jonas
name: Pal, Tanmoy
name: Chan, Hue Sun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Phase separation of several different overall neutral polyampholyte species (with zero net charge) is studied in solution with two oppositely charged ion species that can form ion-pairs through an association reaction. A field theory description of the system, that treats polyampholyte charge sequence dependent electrostatic interactions as well as excluded volume effects, is hereby given. Interestingly, analysis of the model using random phase approximation and field theoretic simulation consistently show evidence of a re-entrant polyampholyte phase separation at high ion concentrations when there is an overall decrease of volume upon ion-association. As an illustration of the ramifications of our theoretical framework, several polyampholyte concentration vs ion concentration phase diagrams under constant temperature conditions are presented to elucidate the dependence of phase separation behavior on polyampholyte sequence charge pattern as well as ion-pair dissociation constant, volumetric effects on ion association, solvent quality, and temperature.
description: 15 pages (two-column), 6 figures, 82 references. Minor revisions include added references and Appendix C. Accepted for publication in Journal of Chemical Physics
Searching for candidates of Lyman continuum sources - revisiting the SSA22 field
Creators: name: Micheva, Genoveva
name: Iwata, Ikuru
name: Inoue, Akio K.
name: Matsuda, Yuichi
name: Yamada, Toru
name: Hayashino, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the largest to date sample of hydrogen Lyman continuum (LyC) emitting galaxy candidates at any redshift, with 18 Ly$α$ Emitters (LAEs) and 7 Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs), obtained from the SSA22 field with Subaru/Suprime-Cam. The sample is based on the 159 LAEs and 136 LBGs observed in the field, all with spectroscopically confirmed redshifts, and these LyC candidates are selected as galaxies with counterpart in a narrow-band filter image which traces LyC at $z\geq 3.06$. Many LyC candidates show a spatial offset between the rest-frame non-ionizing ultraviolet (UV) detection and the LyC-emitting substructure or between the Ly$α$ emission and LyC. The possibility of foreground contamination complicates the analysis of the nature of LyC emitters, although statistically it is highly unlikely that all candidates in our sample are contaminated by foreground sources. Many viable LyC LAE candidates have flux density ratios inconsistent with standard models, while also having too blue UV slopes to be foreground contaminants. Stacking reveals no significant LyC detection, suggesting that there is a dearth of objects with marginal LyC signal strength, perhaps due to a bimodality in the LyC emission. The foreground contamination-corrected $3σ$ upper limits of the observed average flux density ratios are $f_{LyC}/f_{UV}<0.08$ from stacking LAEs and $f_{LyC}/f_{UV}<0.02$ from stacking LBGs. There is a sign of a positive correlation between LyC and Ly$α$, suggesting that both types of photons escape via a similar mechanism. The LyC detection rate among proto-cluster LBGs is seemingly lower compared to the field.
description: 24 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables. Accepted