cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using a hypothetical auction frame to elicit stated compensation needs to avoid deforestation among households in the Brazilian Amazon
Creators: name: Bakkegaard, R.
name: Jacobsen, J.
name: Thorsen, B.
name: Bakkegaard, R.
name: Jacobsen, J.
name: Thorsen, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Contingent valuation
subject: REDD+
subject: Payment for Ecosystem Services
subject: willingness to accept
subject: livelihoods

description: The implementation of global REDD+ programs could potentially be in the form of a payment for environmental service (PES) scheme of historic dimensions. However, efficiency is a central issue, and knowledge of patterns of opportunity costs among rural populations likely to be affected by REDD+ remain scant. We applied an auction and standard contingent valuation instrument to assess the WTA compensation among a split sample of rural households in the Brazilian Amazon for stopping deforestation activities. The results are compelling and showed that the auction framing format effectively reduced means and variances of stated WTA. Mean WTA is reduced by almost a factor of two, and the sample variance is reduced almost fourfold. The auction framing not only effectively reduces the proportion of very high stated WTA observations, but generally reduces upward biases across the distribution. We compared the elicited measures to standard foregone income measures of opportunity costs. While foregone agricultural income did imply a higher WTA, other determinants affected different groups. Amongst poorer households, REDD+-based transfers could be an attractive low-risk income source, and due to limited alternatives, stated WTA is relatively close to foregone income measures. For higher income groups, larger gap between WTA and opportunity cost exists, likely due to the existence of alternative options for labour and inputs, which reduces the true opportunity costs of stopping deforestation. This study is the first of its kind to apply such a framing in a WTA study, and the robustness of results is remarkable and promising given the developing country context in which it was implemented.
description: Subject Title: Abstract
The relationship between enteral nutrition, energy metabolism and gut homeostasis during the course of critical illness.
Creators: name: Zaher, Sara
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Nutrition
Paediatrics
Critical care
Microbiome

description: Nutrition has an indirect effect on the gastrointestinal function of the host and thereby on health, mainly by influencing the composition and activity of the human gut microbiota. The aim of this PhD project was to investigate the effect of nutrition as a factor affecting the intestinal microbiome-host relationship in critically ill children and whether it has an impact on clinical disease severity. The balance between requirement and delivery of energy and macronutrients was assessed in a cohort of 124 critically ill children. Then an integrated approach of metataxonomics and metabolomics analysis was undertaken to examine how feeding during critical illness affects the gut-host relationship. Collection of faecal samples was required for the assessment of faecal calprotectin, gut microbiota and their metabolites while serum samples were used for the analysis of inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal injury biomarkers. Overall this project has recorded a cross-link between feed, gut homeostasis with systemic inflammation and host metabolism. Within the feed delivered, fat delivery was often above requirements compared to protein and carbohydrate. In addition, both protein deficit and higher delivery of fat were associated with elevation in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results also showed that abnormalities in gut health biomarkers were associated with elevation in inflammatory cytokines. Finally this study also recorded a profound loss of diversity in the faecal microbiome of critically ill children. This was associated with the loss of key commensal species and increased levels of opportunistic pathogens. Consequently resulted in reduced functionality of the gut microbiome manifested by reduced production of SCFAs and abnormalities in BAs metabolism. The current study showed for the first time that energy underfeeding appeared to influence the microbial composition of critically ill children. In conclusion this work provided an insight about the potential contribution of nutrition as a factor to improve the disease state in critically ill children, if targeted to modulate gut microbiome and host response to critical illness.
When will we observe binary black holes precessing?
Creators: name: Fairhurst, Stephen
name: Green, Rhys
name: Hannam, Mark
name: Hoy, Charlie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After eleven gravitational-wave detections from compact-binary mergers, we are yet to observe the striking general-relativistic phenomenon of orbital precession. Measurements of precession would provide valuable insights into the distribution of black-hole spins, and therefore into astrophysical binary formation mechanisms. Using our recent two-harmonic approximation of precessing-binary signals~\cite{Fairhurst:2019_2harm}, we introduce the ``precession signal-to-noise ratio'', $ρ_p$. We demonstrate that this can be used to clearly identify whether precession was measured in an observation (by comparison with both current detections and simulated signals), and can immediately quantify the measurability of precession in a given signal, which currently requires computationally expensive parameter-estimation studies. $ρ_p$ has numerous potential applications to signal searches, source-property measurements, and population studies. We give one example: assuming one possible astrophysical spin distribution, we predict that precession has a one in $\sim 25$ chance of being observed in any detection.
description: 5 pages, 2 Figures; resubmission following reviewers comments
Handelsbräuche bei Wagniskapitalfinanzierungen
Creators: name: Denga, Michael
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 340 Recht

description: Wagniskapitalinvestitionen führen zu einer Funktionsänderung von Geschäftsanteilen. Bei den international verbreiteten Vesting-Regimen werden Geschäftsanteile insbesondere auch zu Finanzierungs- und Vergütungsinstrumenten. Die Verbreitung und Akzeptanz von diesbezüglichen Musterklauseln im Markt lässt auf Handelsbräuche schließen, die auch für die rechtliche Beurteilung der Beteiligungsregime maßgeblich sein müssen. Die für herkömmliche Ausschlussklausen entwickelte Hinauskündigungsrechtsprechung kann um ein wirtschaftssoziologisches Moment modifiziert werden, um die Interessen der Beteiligten besser abzubilden. Es sollte eine Wirksamkeitsvermutung bei marktüblichen Beteiligungsklauseln gelten und nicht mehr im Einzelfall nach einem sachlichen Grund für den Gesellschafterausschluss gesucht werden. Dieser wirtschaftsnahe Ansatz kann Rechtssicherheit steigern und das deutsche Gesellschaftsrecht im internationalen Wettbewerb stärken.
description: Venture capital investments lead to a change in the function of shares. In the case of the internationally widespread vesting regimes, shares in particular also become financing and remuneration instruments. The dissemination and acceptance of such model clauses in the market suggests trade practices that must also be decisive for the legal assessment of the shareholding regimes. The case law on termination developed for conventional exclusion clauses can be modified to include a socio-economic element in order to better reflect the interests of the parties involved. A presumption of effectiveness should apply to participation clauses customary in the market and it should no longer be necessary to search for an objective reason for the exclusion of shareholders in individual cases. This business-oriented approach can increase legal certainty and strengthen German company law in international competition.
Radiation reaction in electron-beam interactions with high-intensity lasers
Creators: name: Blackburn, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged particles accelerated by electromagnetic fields emit radiation, which must, by the conservation of momentum, exert a recoil on the emitting particle. The force of this recoil, known as radiation reaction, strongly affects the dynamics of ultrarelativistic electrons in intense electromagnetic fields. Such environments are found astrophysically, e.g. in neutron star magnetospheres, and will be created in laser-matter experiments in the next generation of high-intensity laser facilities. In many of these scenarios, the energy of an individual photon of the radiation can be comparable to the energy of the emitting particle, which necessitates modelling not only of radiation reaction, but quantum radiation reaction. The worldwide development of multi-petawatt laser systems in large-scale facilities, and the expectation that they will create focussed electromagnetic fields with unprecedented intensities $> 10^{23}~\mathrm{W}\text{cm}^{-2}$, has motivated renewed interest in these effects. In this paper I review theoretical and experimental progress towards understanding radiation reaction, and quantum effects on the same, in high-intensity laser fields that are probed with ultrarelativistic electron beams. In particular, we will discuss how analytical and numerical methods give insight into new kinds of radiation-reaction-induced dynamics, as well as how the same physics can be explored in experiments at currently existing laser facilities.
description: 44 pages, 9 figures; accepted version with updated references
Comprehensive Control of Metamagnetic Transition of Antiferromagnetic Mott Insulator Sr2IrO4 by in-situ Anisotropic Strain
Creators: name: Zhang, H.
name: Hao, L.
name: Yang, J.
name: Mutch, J.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Huang, Q.
name: Noordhoek, K.
name: May, A. F.
name: Chu, J. -H.
name: Kim, J. W.
name: Ryan, P. J.
name: Zhou, H. D.
name: Liu, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metamagnetism in antiferromagnets exhibits distinct critical behaviors and dynamics when invoking spin reversal and rotation. Here we show a 0.05% anisotropic strain suffices to in-situ modulate the metamagnetic critical field of the Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 by over 50%, enabling electrical switching of the transition. Resonant x-ray scattering and model simulation reveal that the transition is completely tuned from the spin-flop to spin-flip type as the strain introduces C4-symmetry-breaking magnetic anisotropy. Simultaneous transport study indicates the metamagnetic responses are reflected in the large elasto- and magnetoconductance, highlighting the active charge degree of freedom in the spin-orbit-coupled Mott state and its potential for spin-electronics.
The ubiquitin coat of cytosol-invading bacteria
Creators: name: Werner, Emma Ilse
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Salmonella
Ubiquitin
Cell-autonomous immunity
Shigella
Autophagy
SPLINT Labelling
LUBAC

description: Cytosol-invading Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are labelled with a ubiquitin coat, which serves the dual purpose of targeting bacteria to autophagy-mediated degradation and locally inducing pro-inflammatory signalling. Importantly, the chain types and ubiquitylated substrates that constitute this ubiquitin coat are still poorly characterised. Here, I show that the ubiquitin coat of Salmonella is highly dynamic and undergoes significant compositional changes over the course of an infection. I also identify a novel ubiquitylated substrate on the bacterial surface. In contrast to Salmonella Typhimurium, a bacterium ill-adapted to cytosolic survival, Shigella flexneri is a professional cytosol-dwelling pathogen and evades targeting by host E3 ligases. In this work, I developed SPLINT Labelling, a novel tool to artificially induce ubiquitylation of S. flexneri by enforcing the recruitment of a Salmonella-targeting E3 ligase to the surface of Shigella. I demonstrate that SPLINT Labelling with LUBAC induces a M1-linked ubiquitin coat on S. flexneri and mediates the recruitment of the downstream antibacterial effectors P62, OPTINEURIN, NEMO and LC3. Nevertheless, SPLINT Labelling fails to inhibit proliferation of cytosolic S. flexneri. Overall, this work further defines the role of ubiquitylation for the detection and restriction of two different cytosol-invading pathogens.
description: Medical Research Council
CP Violation in Bilarge Lepton Mixing
Creators: name: Giunti, C.
name: Tanimoto, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme of lepton mixing in which the unitary matrix that diagonalizes the neutrino mass matrix is bimaximal and the deviation from bimaximal of the lepton mixing matrix is due to the unitary matrix that diagonalizes the charged-lepton mass matrix. This matrix is assumed to be hierarchical, like the quark mixing matrix. It is shown that in general it is possible to have a sizable value for |U_{e3}| together with an effective two-neutrino maximal mixing in solar neutrino experiments. If the effective mixing in solar neutrino experiments is less than maximal, as indicated by current data, |U_{e3}| is bounded from below. Furthermore, in general the violation of CP could be relatively large.
description: 11 pages. Final version to be published in PRD
Additional file 1 of The reliability of maternal audit instruments to assign cause of death in maternal deaths review process: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ratnasari D. Cahyanti
name: Widyawati, Widyawati
name: Hakimi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Search strategies and results for the PubMed (accessed on 2019/08/01).
Imprint of local environment on fast radio burst observations
Creators: name: Lu, Wenbin
name: Phinney, E. Sterl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When fast radio burst (FRB) waves propagate through the local (< 1 pc) environment of the FRB source, electrons in the plasma undergo large-amplitude oscillations. The finite-amplitude effects cause the effective plasma frequency and cyclotron frequency to be dependent on the wave strength. The dispersion measure and rotation measure should therefore vary slightly from burst to burst for a repeating source, depending on the luminosity and frequency of the individual burst. Furthermore, free-free absorption of strong waves is suppressed due to the accelerated electrons' reduced energy exchange in Coulomb collisions. This allows bright low-frequency bursts to propagate through an environment that would be optically thick to low-amplitude waves. Given a large sample of bursts from a repeating source, it would be possible to use the deficit of low-frequency and low-luminosity bursts to infer the emission measure of the local intervening plasma and its distance from the source. Information about the local environment will shed light on the nature of FRB sources.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS in press
MOESM1 of Scaling computational genomics to millions of individuals with GPUs
Creators: name: Taylor-Weiner, Amaro
name: Aguet, François
name: Haradhvala, Nicholas
name: Sager Gosai
name: Shankara Anand
name: Jaegil Kim
name: Ardlie, Kristin
name: Allen, Eliezer
name: Getz, Gad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Performance of matrix multiplication on a single CPU core (2.30GHz Intel Xeon) vs. a GPU (Nvidia Tesla P100), using NumPy (compiled with OpenBLAS) and PyTorch. Runtimes were measured for multiplication of two random (uniform ~U[0,1]) square matrices (in 32-bit floating point) with the indicated dimensions. For the ‘PyTorch GPU’ runtimes, only the matrix multiplication itself was timed. For the ‘PyTorch GPU w/ copy’ runtimes, the copy of the two input matrices from CPU to GPU memory was included in the timing. Runtimes are shown as the median and median absolute deviation of 15 iterations each. Figure S2. Performance scaling of SignatureAnalyzer-GPU. (a) SignatureAnalyzer-GPU runtime scales linearly as a function of the number of samples. (b) Cumulative runtime for 20 runs of SignatureAnalyzer-GPU on a virtual machine configured with one or two GPUs (Nvidia Tesla V100). (c) Average number of signatures detected with one or two GPUs, indicating that the results are equivalent. The PCAWG mutation counts matrix was used for all comparisons. Error bars: standard deviation. Figure S3. GPU performance scaling of tensorQTL. (a) GPU-to-CPU runtime ratio for tensorQTL, across the indicated phenotype and sample sizes, for 107 common variants. The ratio is non-constant due to data load and CPU-to-GPU memory input/output times (“i/o”) that are more limiting for large sample sizes (number of individuals). (b) CPU runtime of tensorQTL for the indicated range of sample and phenotype sizes (left panel). CPU runtimes scale linearly, demonstrated by the collapse of the compute time when measured as a function of number of operations (approximated as phenotypes × samples × variants; middle panel), whereas GPU runtimes do not show this collapse for large sample sizes due to i/o limitations (right panel). (c) Nominal significant trans-eQTL p values from the V6p GTEx release replicated using tensorQTL.
Hypoxia induces selective neutrophil degranulation to promote endothelial damage in COPD
Creators: name: Lodge, Katharine
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Neutrophil
hypoxia
secretome
COPD
endothelial dysfunction

description: Neutrophils are the key effector cells of innate immunity, rapidly recruited to defend the host against invading pathogens. They deploy pre-formed proteases packaged within cytoplasmic granules, generate reactive oxygen species and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, these anti-microbial strategies can also cause substantial bystander tissue injury. Infected and inflamed tissues are profoundly hypoxic, and this oxygen depletion both compromises neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing and enhances the secretion of destructive granule contents. Persistent neutrophilic infiltration of hypoxic tissues characterises diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is also associated with endothelial dysfunction. Proteases such as neutrophil elastase (NE) have been implicated in COPD pathogenesis but the precise mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated tissue damage are unknown. In this thesis, I show that hypoxia synergises with neutrophil priming agents to enhance the release of NE in a PI3Kγ-dependent manner, with hypoxic supernatants inducing substantial endothelial cell dysfunction and death. To further identify potential histotoxic mediators, I used a proteomics approach to provide a full (and entirely novel) characterisation of the hypoxic versus normoxic neutrophil secretome, revealing upregulation of a number of protein candidates (both granule-associated and, surprisingly, a subset of cytoplasmic proteins) following hypoxic incubation and stimulation. As this unexpected pattern of protein release did not segregate with neutrophil granule contents, alternative secretion mechanisms were examined; however, hypoxia did not enhance the release of NETs or neutrophil-derived microvesicles. Importantly, neutrophils isolated from exacerbating COPD patients, compared with those from healthy controls, exhibited even further augmented release of selected cytotoxic granule (NE, resistin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) and cytoplasmic (cyclophilin A) proteins under hypoxia. Furthermore, a plasma signature of increased protease (NE and proteinase 3) activity was identified in COPD versus healthy control plasma. In conclusion, hypoxia engenders a destructive neutrophil phenotype, with enhanced release of histotoxic proteins and increased capacity to cause endothelial injury. This may contribute to local and distant tissue damage in the clinical setting of COPD, with further relevance to a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases, underpinned by endothelial dysfunction.
Low-energy X-ray emission from the Abell 2199 cluster of galaxies
Creators: name: Kaastra, Jelle S.
name: Lieu, Richard
name: Bleeker, Johan A. M.
name: Mewe, Rolf
name: Colafrancesco, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent Letter, Berghoefer & Bowyer rediscussed the analysis of BeppoSAX LECS data of the cluster of galaxies Abell 2199 as presented by Kaastra et al., in particular the detection of a soft X-ray excess. Berghoefer & Bowyer stated that their analysis method is better suited and does not show evidence for a soft X-ray excess. Here we find it necessary to publish a rebuttal, because it can be demonstrated that the method used by Berghoefer & Bowyer is oversimplified, leading to an erroneous result. As a consequence, their statement that our initial analysis is incorrect is invalid and the detection of a soft X-ray excess in A 2199 is still confirmed.
description: 6 pages, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, Letters
MOESM7 of Analysis of the clinical significance of DNA methylation in gastric cancer based on a genome-wide high-resolution array
Creators: name: Fang, Wen-Liang
name: Chen, Ming-Huang
name: Kuo-Hung Huang
name: Shih-Ching Chang
name: Chien-Hsing Lin
name: Chao, Yee
name: Su-Shun Lo
name: Li, Anna
name: Chew-Wun Wu
name: Shyr, Yi-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S3. The correlations between the three hypermethylated genes in tissue samples.
The Riemann surface of the chiral Potts model free energy function
Creators: name: Baxter, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper we derived the free energy or partition function of the $N$-state chiral Potts model by using the infinite lattice ``inversion relation'' method, together with a non-obvious extra symmetry. This gave us three recursion relations for the partition function per site $T_{pq}$ of the infinite lattice. Here we use these recursion relations to obtain the full Riemann surface of $T_{pq}$. In terms of the $t_p, t_q$ variables, it consists of an infinite number of Riemann sheets, each sheet corresponding to a point on a $(2N-1)$-dimensional lattice (for $N > 2$). The function $T_{pq}$ is meromorphic on this surface: we obtain the orders of all the zeros and poles. For $N$ odd, we show that these orders are determined by the usual inversion and rotation relations (without the extra symmetry), together with a simple linearity ansatz. For $N$ even, this method does not give the orders uniquely, but leaves only $[(N+4)/4]$ parameters to be determined.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure
Processes of Formalising Nollywood Practice: Policy Propositions and Contestations
Creators: name: Charles Okwuowulu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Contestations, Guilds, Nollywood, Policy and Proposition.

description: Abstract

Since its inception, Nigerian film industry has undergone tortuous production and distribution practices, often fraught with numerous policy propositions and contestations. It has rather been characterised by what seems an informal industry as many scholars have attributed, premised essentially on the grounds of limited life span between production and distribution as well as poor financing, improper record keeping/accountability and lack of efficient distribution structure. Exploring relevant research channels comprising oral interviews, documentary videos, personal experience as a filmmaker-researcher and critical review of significant texts on Nollywood studies, the study undertakes a critical analyses of Nollywood practice often interlocked between policy propositions and oppositions between government agencies and Nollywood practitioners; in addition to a focus-group discussion on MOPICON (Motion Picture Practitioners Council of Nigeria) policy with key Nollywood scholars and practitioners, moderated by the researcher, aimed at underpinning how this policy propositions and contestations would aid the formalisation of Nollywood practices. The conclusion is that these policy propositions and contestations have led to the formation and sustenance of the Federation of Registered Nollywood Guilds and Associations (FRENGAN) as has been recognised by Nigerian government. Thus, sustainable policy formulations in Nollywood film practice are strong testaments of the tacit agreement between Nigerian government and the Nigerian film practitioners.
MOESM8 of Analysis of the clinical significance of DNA methylation in gastric cancer based on a genome-wide high-resolution array
Creators: name: Fang, Wen-Liang
name: Chen, Ming-Huang
name: Kuo-Hung Huang
name: Shih-Ching Chang
name: Chien-Hsing Lin
name: Chao, Yee
name: Su-Shun Lo
name: Li, Anna
name: Chew-Wun Wu
name: Shyr, Yi-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 8: Table S4. The correlations between the three hypermethylated genes in plasma samples.
Additional file 2 of The reliability of maternal audit instruments to assign cause of death in maternal deaths review process: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ratnasari D. Cahyanti
name: Widyawati, Widyawati
name: Hakimi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Forest plot and funnel plot of the Maternal Death Review Instrument.
Spectrally accurate space-time solution of Manakov systems
Creators: name: Barletti, Luigi
name: Brugnano, Luigi
name: Tang, Yifa
name: Zhu, Beibei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65P10, 65M70, 65M20, 65L05, 65L06

description: In this paper, we study the numerical solution of Manakov systems by using a spectrally accurate Fourier decomposition in space, coupled with a spectrally accurate time integration. This latter relies on the use of spectral Hamiltonian boundary Value Methods. The used approach allows to conserve all the physical invariants of the systems. Some numerical tests are reported.
description: 29 pages (typo in equation (20) fixed)
Supernova Ia: a Converging Delayed Detonation Wave
Creators: name: Dunina-Barkovskaya, N. V.
name: Imshennik, V. S.
name: Blinnikov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of a carbon-oxygen (C--O) presupernova core with an initial mass 1.33 M_\odot, an initial carbon mass fraction 0.27, and with an average mass growth-rate 5 x 10^{-7} M_\odot/yr due to accretion in a binary system was evolved from initial central density 10^9 g/cm^3, and temperature 2.05 x 10^8 K through convective core formation and its subsequent expansion to the carbon runaway at the center. The only thermonuclear reaction contained in the equations of evolution and runaway was the carbon burning reaction 12C + 12C with an energy release corresponding to the full transition of carbon and oxygen (with the same rate as carbon) into 56Ni. As a parameter we take α_c - a ratio of a mixing length to the size of the convective zone. In spite of the crude assumptions, we obtained a pattern of the runaway acceptable for the supernova theory with the strong dependence of its duration on α_c. In the variants with large enough values of α_c=4.0 x 10^{-3} and 3.0 x 10^{-3} the fuel combustion occurred from the very beginning as a prompt detonation. In the range of 2.0 x 10^{-3} >= α_c >= 3.0 x 10^{-4} the burning started as a deflagration with excitation of stellar pulsations with growing amplitude. Eventually, the detonation set in, which was activated near the surface layers of the presupernova (with m about 1.33 M_\odot) and penetrated into the star down to the deflagration front. Excitation of model pulsations and formation of a detonation front are described in detail for the variant with α_c=1.0 x 10^{-3}.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, to appear in Astronomy Letters
Forest Owner Objectives as Precursors of New Customer Value Formation in Finnish Forest Sector
Creators: name: Berghäll, S.
name: Kuusisto, J.
name: Häyrinen, L.
name: Albarracin, G.
name: Toppinen, A.
name: Berghäll, S.
name: Kuusisto, J.
name: Häyrinen, L.
name: Albarracin, G.
name: Toppinen, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agribusiness
Land Economics/Use

description: Finnish forest industry is under intensive pressure to alter its ways of functioning. Especially in raw-wood procurement or raw-wood trade, the value perceptions of private industrial forest owners have changed fast. This paper reports some preliminary finding of Tekes financed FPserve project done at University of Helsinki department of Forest Sciences. It reports some basic finding concerning the objectives of forest ownership(n=550). From an exploratory factor analysis of 22 items measuring forest owner objectives a four dimensional solution was found. This four dimensional solution consists of economic income, economic (emotional) security, esthetics (conservation), and recreational use of forestry. Thus, only one of the dimensions touches the traditional raw-wood trade incentives of forestry as a means of income. However, as traditionally forest owners are relatively old (mean 62 years), what has happened is that the oldest groups seem to have moved away from income preferences towards economic security. Meanwhile, the groups valuing most nature protection and recreational use (in line with emotional security of the forest owned) are those with the highest education. Thus, the criteria, that “forest owners do not understand their best”, is untenable. We argue that our results are in line with the servitisizing of economy where the service dominant logic (vargo & Lucsh, 2004, 2008, 2011) and intangible value (Kuusisto, 2011; Toivonen, 2010; and Ostrom & Bitner, 2009) describe the preferences – also with Finnish NIPFs’.
description: Subject Title: Abstract
Skill and Virtue after 'Know-How'
Creators: name: Dougherty, Matthew Ryan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: skill
virtue
knowledge-how
Ryle
Aristotle

description: This dissertation is an investigation of the prospects for thinking of ethical virtue as a kind of skill in light of the discussions of ‘knowledge-how’ that begin with Gilbert Ryle. Chapter 1 offers an account of Ryle’s interest in the notion of knowledge-how as partially underpinned by the hope that ethical virtue might be well-understood as a kind of skill. The chapter concludes, however, by noting that he eventually gives up on this idea, coming to believe that virtue requires a certain kind of care which skill does not. The remaining chapters can then be seen as an attempt to take up Ryle’s project of understanding virtue as a kind of skill by engaging with recent work on know-how, on the skill analogy in virtue ethics, and on care and commitment. Chapter 2 concerns what knowledge-how is knowledge of. It argues that knowledge-how is well-understood as knowledge of the standards, norms, or rules of an activity. This view is defended against arguments from recent ‘anti-intellectualists’ and ‘intellectualists’. Chapter 3 then argues that understanding knowledge-how as rule-knowledge is helpful for seeing that there are different senses of “knowledge-how”, some of which amount to skill and some of which do not. It also attempts to turn the debate about know-how back toward what Ryle understood as ‘Intellectualism’ – viz., the view that human intelligence essentially amounts to thinking, rather than the view that ‘know-how’ can be ascribed with a “that”-clause. Chapter 4 then turns to the skill analogy and the history of objections to the idea that virtue is a skill. This chapter argues for a reinterpretation of the skill analogy. It argues that the analogy is properly understood not as comparing virtuous individuals to individuals with mere practical skill (as is standardly thought) but, rather, as comparing virtuous individuals to good occupants of skill-involving roles – individuals distinguished, amongst other things, by their commitment to a craft that is in part definitive of their identity. In general outline, such an interpretation agrees with Ryle’s contention that virtue requires not only practical know-how but also care. Chapter 5, however, returns to the point at which Ryle had given up on virtue being a skill and asks whether the kind of care or commitment needed for the skill analogy might itself be a distinctive kind of skill. The aim in this chapter is to make plausible that such commitment is a skill and, hence, to make plausible that virtue might be thought of as consisting of a suite of skills.
description: Trinity College School of Arts & Humanities, University of Cambridge
Terebella turgidula , Ehlers 1887
Creators: name: Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Terebellidae
Terebella
Terebella turgidula

description: Terebella turgidula Ehlers, 1887
Figures 18 D-J
 Terebella turgidula, Ehlers, 1887:241–245, Pl. 52. Figs.1–4.— Treadwell, 1901:198.
 (Not Eupolymnia crassicornis, Hessle, 1917:178.— Augener, 1925:37.— Hartman, 1939:18.— Rullier, 1974:67).
 Type material: Holotype MCZ 846 Key West, Florida, US Coast Survey, Gulf of Mexico "Blake Exp. 1877– 78".
 Description: Holotype complete, with 140 segments, 210mm long, thorax 52mm long, 23mm wide at segment 5 (Fig. 18D). Abdomen 1.4mm wide on segment 30 and 0.4mm wide in the last segment. Body dark brown. Tentacular membrane short, with rounded edge. Eyespots absent. Tentacles dark brown, long. Upper lip short, semi-circular. Lower lip wide, swollen. Fifteen ventral shields, swollen; first shield wide, short, decreasing in width to reduced last shield (Fig. 18E). Ventral groove from segment 16 to posterior end, deeper in posterior thoracic region, shallower in abdomen. Three pairs of dichotomous branched branchiae, decreasing in length gradually. Nephridial papillae not seen. Twenty-seven pairs of notopodia. Notochaeta of two lengths (Fig. 18F), bilimbate medially, serrated, smoothly oblique distally (Figs 18G,H). Limbation wider at base, terminating before oblique region. Thoracic neuropodia wider, swollen; abdominal neuropodia short, narrow and swollen. Uncini (Figs 18I,J) MF:3:1–2:1; MF long and stout; Cp with decreasing accessory teeth, teeth on first row as long as one third the MF; Oc convex behind the Cp, and concave in lower region; PP rounded; PF absent; Bs convex; AP projected and rounded, curved downward; AF absent; USr and LSr flattened; SrP short and triangular, near to MF tip; SrA absent. Pygidium smooth and wide.
 Discussion: Hessle (1917) indicated that Terebella turgidula could be placed in Polymnia, but without any comment. Later, Augener (1925) considered this species to be a junior synonym of Eupolymnia crassicornis (as Terebella crassicornis Schmarda, 1861), because of the type of uncini present. However, T. turgidula has notochaetae distally serrated, while E. crassicornis has smooth-tipped notochaetae, uncini in double rows only in the thorax, and possibly 17 thoracic chaetigers, according to Augener (1925). Therefore, these two species are different and both are valid. On the other hand, Ehlers (1887) described T. turdigula as having 18 thoracic segments with notochaetae, but the type specimen actually has 27 thoracic chaetigers (pers. obs.).
 Type locality Key West, Florida, USA.
 Distribution: Key West, Florida and Porto Rico.
description: Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5316176
IMPULSO CREATIVO
Creators: name: GALASSO, AURORA
name: Bolognesi, Emily
name: Chelotti, Lisa
name: Bertolini, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Questo non è uno storyboard_codesign session

Autrici/Designer:

Galasso Aurora, Università degli Studi di Firenze

 Bolognesi Emily, Università degli Studi di Firenze

 Bertolini Elena, Università degli Studi di Firenze

 Chelotti Lisa, Università degli Studi di Firenze

Il file che potrete scaricare è uno strumento da utilizzare per poter co-progettare insieme al vostro gruppo di amici, di colleghi o di ricerca.  Il progetto propone la realizzazione di uno storyboard in grado di creare, modificare e concludere storie tramite interventi diretti degli utenti.  Tutto parte dall’idea di un calendario dell’avvento, in questo caso caratterizzato da un impulso creativo. La struttura del nostro progetto ha come base la forma e le funzioni di un vero e proprio calendario dell’avvento, all’interno si possono trovare delle pagine composte da caselle nelle quali è possibile trovare del materiale utile alla creazione del proprio storyboard.Le caselle della prima pagina sono dedicate a delle stanze: ne esistono di due tipi, una stanza, oppure quattro stanze unite, in modo da poter raccontare la storia in più fasi. Le mura di queste stanze possone essere personalizzate a discrezione dell’utente e in base alla storia che vuole essere raccontata, i possibili scenari si trovano nelle caselle della seconda pagina. Nella terza pagina invece, si scoprono i personaggi delle storie. Questi personaggi sono anch’essi personalizzabili tramite modalità “LEGO”. Ogni personaggio può essere smontato e cambiato con altri pezzi per scegliere a proprio piacere tutte le particolarità estetiche.Nella quarta pagina all’interno delle caselle si trovano gli aspetti sensoriali; suoni o materiali tattili che possono aiutare alla creazione del proprio storyboard. Infine abbiamo aggiunto due pagine libere in cui possono essere attaccate le storie finite tramite calamita, in modo che poi gli utenti che verranno dopo siano in grado di cambiare a loro piacimento le storie già concluse.
Cloning a Qutrit
Creators: name: Cerf, Nicolas J.
name: Durt, Thomas
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate several classes of state-dependent quantum cloners for three-level systems. These cloners optimally duplicate some of the four maximally-conjugate bases with an equal fidelity, thereby extending the phase-covariant qubit cloner to qutrits. Three distinct classes of qutrit cloners can be distinguished, depending on two, three, or four maximally-conjugate bases are cloned as well (the latter case simply corresponds to the universal qutrit cloner). These results apply to symmetric as well as asymmetric cloners, so that the balance between the fidelity of the two clones can also be analyzed.
description: 14 pages LaTex. To appear in the Journal of Modern Optics for the special issue on "Quantum Information: Theory, Experiment and Perspectives". Proceedings of the ESF Conference, Gdansk, July 10-18, 2001
Terebellobranchia Day 1951
Creators: name: Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Terebellidae
Terebellobranchia

description: Terebellobranchia Day, 1951
Day, 1951:58, Tex-Fig. 8B-E.— Day, 1967:750.
 Type species: Terebellobanchia natalensis Day, 1951, by original designation.
 Diagnosis: Three pairs of branched branchiae, starting on segment 2 or 3, thereafter discontinuous on posterior segments; eyespots present or absent; lateral lappets absent; ventral shields from segment 1; pairs of notopodia from segment 4 along all the body; notochaeta distally serrate, twisted in posterior chaetigers; neuropodia from segment 5, uncini avicular in single rows in segments 5–9 or 10; thereafter in double rows, arranged face to face, up to the end of the body or closely the end.
 Remarks: Terebellobanchia has three described and valid species, T. hugonis Rullier, 1972, from New Caledonia, T. natalensis Day, 1951, from South Africa, and T. mchughae Londoño-Mesa and Carrera-Parra, (2005), recently described from the Mexican Caribbean. A fourth described species, Terebella hiata Treadwell, 1931, is transferred to this genus as Terebellobranchia hiata (Treadwell, 1931) comb. nov. The genus was initially erected for T. natalensis, with branchiae on segments 3, 7 and 13, notopodia from segment 4, and neuropodia from segment 5 (Day, 1951). Nevertheless, the relative position of the second and third pairs of branchiae as well as the first pair of notopodia differ in the included species: T. hugonis has branchiae on segments 3, 4 and 7, notopodia from segment 3 and neuropodia from segment 4 in double rows along 6 segments; Terebellobranchia mchughae has branchiae on segments 3, 4 and 7, notopodia from segment 4 and neuropodia from segment 5 in double rows along the next 5 segments; and T. hiata has branchiae on segments 2, 5 and 8, notochaetae from segment 4 and neurochaetae from segment 5 in double rows along 6 segments. Thus, a revision of T. hugonis is required in order to elucidate whether this species has notopodia and neuropodia from segments 3–4, or from segments 4–5, respectively.
description: Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5316176
Exploring how landowners perceive societal requirements regarding voluntary participation in environmental regarding voluntary participation in environmental regarding voluntary participation in environmentaregarding voluntary participation in environmental management - using a case of wetland restoration
Creators: name: Broch, S.
name: Boon, T.
name: Bjerre, C.
name: Broch, S.
name: Boon, T.
name: Bjerre, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: landowners
subject: agri-environmental schemes
subject: rationales
subject: perception
subject: motivation

description: Politically and in the public debate there is an increased focus on how private landowners should contribute to nature and the environment by changing their management practices. As this may conflict with landowners’ management plans, voluntary agreements have been used to create incentives to participate. Studies have investigated how the design of voluntary agreements influences landowners’ willingness to accept voluntary agreements. Less attention has been given to how landowners perceive requirements when society suggests participation in voluntary agri-environmental practices. The aim of this study is to investigate how landowners perceive the rationales behind agri-environmental schemes as a measure of how they perceive requirements from society. Rationales behind agri-environmental schemes explored are; they 1) recognise private property rights 2) benefit the environment 3) modify behaviour 4) are voluntary and 5) offer financial incentives. To allow for an in-depth study we chose one among many possible cases of environmental management, that is, wetland restoration. Potential wetlands are designated all over Denmark but we selected two specific areas to get a common ground for the interviews. Twenty-three indepth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 farmers in the case areas. Preliminary results show that landowners’ perceptions of private property rights were that if landowners are given societal responsibilities then they should have financial or other forms of compensation. The landowners questioned the suggested project’s ability to reduce nitrogen leakage and wanted to make sure that they are acknowledged for eventual contribution to reduction. Most landowners thought they would have to modify behaviour both within and outside the wetlands. Furthermore, the landowners questioned the voluntariness of the schemes, as compulsory purchase might take place because authorities need to designate wetlands somewhere in order to achieve policy goals. Landowners emphasised the importance of financial compensation while simultaneously criticising the actually offered compensation for being far below market price of the land they lose.
description: Subject Title: Abstract