Lycoperdon albiperidium C. S. Kim 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kim, Chang Sun
name: Jo, Jong Won
name: Kwag, Young-Nam
name: Sung, Gi-Ho
name: Han, Jae-Gu
name: Shrestha, Bhushan
name: Oh, Soon-Ok
name: Kim, Sang-Yong
name: Shin, Chang-Ho
name: Han, Sang-Kuk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Agaricaceae
Lycoperdon
Lycoperdon albiperidium

description: Lycoperdon albiperidium C.S. Kim, sp. nov., Fig. 4   
MycoBank:—MB 814888  
 Diagnosis:—This species has a well-developed pseudostipe; numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate; exoperidium verrucae with smallish spines, entirely white to grayish when young, becoming grayish yellow to pale yellow when old; basidiospores globose to subglobose, very faintly ornamented to faintly verrucose; fragile eucapillitial threads with abundant pores. It is similar to L. ericaeum but clearly distinguished by ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 sequences.   
 Etymology:—Referring to the white (= album) peridium before it is fully mature.   
 Holotype:— KOREA. Chungnam Province, Geumsan-gun, Jewon-myeon, Mt. Jinak, coll. Han et al., 25 September 2012 (KA12-1551), deposited in KH.   
Description:—Basidiomata 20–40 mm diameter, 35–60 mm high, pyriform to turbinate, pseudostipitate well-developed, occasionally plicate at pseudostipe, numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate. Exoperidium verrucae with smallish spines (less than 0.5 mm), entirely white to grayish when young, becoming grayish yellow to pale yellow when old. Endoperidium yellowish brown to brown, papery. Gleba grayish brown to dark brown at maturity, pulverulent. Subgleba grayish yellow to violaceous gray. Solitary to gregarious.  
 Basidiospores 3.7–4.2 × 3.6–4.1 μm, length/width ratio 1.0–1.1 (n = 30), globose to subglobose, very faintly ornamented to faintly verrucose (A–B in the sense of Demoulin 1972a, b), short pedicel present (<1.6 μm long), pale yellow in 3% KOH. Basidia not observed. Capillitium of Lycoperdon - type; eucapillitial threads 3.0–5.4 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 1.3 μm), fragile to subelastic, aseptate, straight to subundulate, occasional dichotomous branching, abundant pores present, yellow to pale brownish in 3% KOH; paracapillitial threads present, 3.0–4.2 μm diam., thin-walled, straight to subundulate, septate, hyaline in 3% KOH. Exoperidium composed of sphaerocysts, 16–27 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 2.6 μm thick), hyaline to pale yellow in 3% KOH. Endoperidium composed of tightly interwoven hyphal elements, containing inflated elements resembling sphaerocysts with reticulate patterns, thin-walled (up to 1.0 μm thick), hyaline in 3% KOH.   
Habitat.—On rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.  
 Other specimen examined:— KOREA. Chungnam Province, Geumsan-gun, Chubu-myeon, Mt. Seodae, coll. Han et al., 29 August 2012 (KA12-1210), deposited in KH.   
 Comments:—Specimens of this species were reported as L.spadiceum Pers. (now L.lividum Pers.) by some amateur mycologists in Korea (Park & Lee 2011; The Korean Society of Mycology 2013). However, their reported specimens substantially differed from the descriptions of L. lividum by several mycologists (Table 2; Breitenbach & Kranzlin 1986; Bates 2004; Bates et al. 2009; Cortez et al. 2013). Lycoperdon lividum is characterized by small basidiomata (ca. 10–30 mm; subpyriform to obpyriform); a furfuraceous exoperidium often appearing as mealy squamules; and a scanty sterile base. However, Lycoperdon albiperidium is bigger than L. lividum, and has a well-developed plicate pseudostipe. In addition, they are clearly distinguished by ITS sequences (Fig. 1). Phylogenetically, L. albiperidium is closely related to L. ericaeum, but they are morphologically distinguishable, especially by the basidiocarp shape, eucapillitial thread diameter, and size of basidiospores (Table 2). In addition, the records of L. ericaeum are from dry grasslands on acidic soil, but L. albiperidium is collected from on rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.
description: Published as part of Kim, Chang Sun, Jo, Jong Won, Kwag, Young-Nam, Sung, Gi-Ho, Han, Jae-Gu, Shrestha, Bhushan, Oh, Soon-Ok, Kim, Sang-Yong, Shin, Chang-Ho & Han, Sang-Kuk, 2016, Two new Lycoperdon species collected from Korea: L. albiperidium and L. subperlatum spp. nov., pp. 101-115 in Phytotaxa 260 (2) on pages 109-110, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13668872