cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gaussian process methods for one-dimensional diffusions: optimal rates and adaptation
Creators: name: van Waaij, Jan
name: van Zanten, Harry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the performance of nonparametric Bayes procedures for one-dimensional diffusions with periodic drift. We improve existing convergence rate results for Gaussian process (GP) priors with fixed hyper parameters. Moreover, we exhibit several possibilities to achieve adaptation to smoothness. We achieve this by considering hierarchical procedures that involve either a prior on a multiplicative scaling parameter, or a prior on the regularity parameter of the GP.
JAMESfocus : Informationsverhalten und psychisches Wohlbefinden in Krisenzeiten - Effekte des Corona-Shutdowns im Frühling 2020
Creators: name: Bernath, Jael
name: Suter, Lilian
name: Waller, Gregor
name: Willemse, Isabel
name: Külling, Céline
name: Brunner, Nina-Alexandra Stefanie
name: Süss, Daniel
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2021
Subjects: JAMES Studie
Corona
Jugendliche
psychisches Wohlbefinden
Informationsverhalten
158: Angewandte Psychologie
305: Personengruppen (Alter, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Einkommen)

description: Im Rahmen der Studie wurde untersucht, wie es Jugendlichen in der Schweiz während der Zeit des ersten Shutdowns im Frühling 2020 erging, von welchen Belastungen und Ängsten sie betroffen waren und welche Strategien sie angewendet haben, um mit der Situation zurechtzukommen. Zudem wurde das Informationsverhalten von Jugendlichen während des ersten Shutdowns genauer betrachtet und untersucht, in welchem Zusammenhang das Informationsverhalten mit coronabezogenen Ängsten und Sorgen stand.
title: Undergraduate vascular anatomy teaching using ultrasound: our experience
Creators: name: Allard, Rachel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Vascular
subject: Anatomy

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Ultrasound is a safe and dynamic method of demonstration vessel anatomy and physiology (1-3). In 2016 an ultrasound based upper limb vascular anatomy teaching programme aimed at second year University of Leeds medical students was designed and...
Quantum data hiding in the presence of noise
Creators: name: Lupo, Cosmo
name: Wilde, Mark M.
name: Lloyd, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When classical or quantum information is broadcast to separate receivers, there exist codes that encrypt the encoded data such that the receivers cannot recover it when performing local operations and classical communication, but they can decode reliably if they bring their systems together and perform a collective measurement. This phenomenon is known as quantum data hiding and hitherto has been studied under the assumption that noise does not affect the encoded systems. With the aim of applying the quantum data hiding effect in practical scenarios, here we define the data-hiding capacity for hiding classical information using a quantum channel. Using this notion, we establish a regularized upper bound on the data hiding capacity of any quantum broadcast channel, and we prove that coherent-state encodings have a strong limitation on their data hiding rates. We then prove a lower bound on the data hiding capacity of channels that map the maximally mixed state to the maximally mixed state (we call these channels "mictodiactic"---they can be seen as a generalization of unital channels when the input and output spaces are not necessarily isomorphic) and argue how to extend this bound to generic channels and to more than two receivers.
description: 12 pages, accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
The Utility of Local Anesthesia for Neurosurgical Interventions in a Low-Resource Setting: A Case Series
Creators: name: Mzumara, S.
name: Charles, A.
name: Hanif, A.B.
name: Eaton, J.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2018

description: Introduction: Trauma is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, and injury to the central nervous system is the most common cause of death in these patients. While the provision of surgical services is being recognized as essential to global public health efforts, specialty areas such as neurosurgery remain overlooked. Method: This is a retrospective case review of patients with operable lesions, such as extra-axial hematomas and unstable depressed skull fractures that underwent neurosurgical interventions under local anesthesia. Results: A total of 13 patients underwent neurosurgical intervention under local anesthesia. Two and three patients with burr hole decompression of epidural and subdural hematomas, respectively; seven patients had elevation of depressed skull fractures and lastly one patient had an aspiration of a brain abscess. All patients survived with and without residual neurological deficits. Conclusion: Access to resources and staff required to deliver general anesthesia is challenging in resource-poor settings. We have therefore begun performing emergent interventions under local anesthesia, with or without conscious sedation. While some patients had some minor residual weakness after the procedure, the degree of neurological deficit was improved from that observed before the procedure in all patients.
title: Practical simulation with realistic coronary artery motion for validation of motion compensated reconstruction algorithm in CT
Creators: name: Lee, Duhgoon
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Technology assessment
subject: CT
subject: Cardiac
subject: Artifacts

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Cardiac CT scan is a novel imaging technique to assess coronary artery and vascular calcifications [1]. However, even with recent progress of hardware technology such as high speed gantry and/or dual source CT system, it is still challenging to...
Effect of temperature and glycerol on the hydrogen-bond dynamics of water
Creators: name: GhattyVenkataKrishna, Pavan K.
name: Uberbacher, Edward C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of glycerol, water and glycerol-water binary mixtures on the structure and dynamics of biomolecules has been well studied. However, a lot remains to be learned about the effect of varying glycerol concentration and temperature on the dynamics of water. We have studied the effect of concentration and temperature on the hydrogen bonded network formed by water molecules. A strong correlation between the relaxation time of the network and average number of hydrogen bonds per water molecules was found. The radial distribution function of water oxygen and hydrogen atoms clarifies the effect of concentration on the structure and clustering of water.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
(101632) John Hole
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
JAMES : Jugend, Aktivitäten, Medien - Erhebung Schweiz
Creators: name: Waller, Gregor
name: Willemse, Isabel
name: Genner, Sarah
name: Suter, Lilian
name: Süss, Daniel
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2016
Subjects: Mediennutzung
Medien
Jugend
Medienkompetenz
302: Soziale Interaktion
305: Personengruppen (Alter, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Einkommen)

description: Ergebnisbericht zur JAMES-Studie 2016
description: Seit 2010 liefert die JAMES-Studie repräsentative Zahlen zur Mediennutzung von Jugendlichen in der Schweiz. JAMES steht für Jugend, Aktivitäten, Medien – Erhebung Schweiz. Die Studie wird von der ZHAW im Zweijahresrhythmus durchgeführt. 2016 wurden rund 1100 Jugendliche im Alter von 12 bis 19 Jahren in den drei grossen Sprachregionen der Schweiz in Schulen schriftlich befragt. Während der Hauptfokus auf der Mediennutzung liegt, werden auch andere, nonmediale Freizeitaktivitäten abgefragt. Neben Analysen über die Gesamtstichprobe hinweg werden auch Unterschiede in Bezug auf soziodemografische Merkmale wie Alter, Geschlecht, Bildungsniveau oder den sozioökonomischen Status ausgewertet. 
Die JAMES-Studie beleuchtet Chancen und Risiken der Mediennutzung und liefert wissenschaftlich verlässliche Daten für Behörden, Fachpersonen und Interessierte, die sich mit Jugend und Medien beschäftigen. Im Zeitvergleich bleiben die nonmedialen Freizeitaktivitäten der Schweizer Jugendlichen stabil. Inzwischen besitzen 2016 99 % der Jugendlichen in der Schweiz ein Mobiltelefon, nahezu ausschliesslich ein Smartphone. Deutlich angestiegen ist auch der Tablet-Besitz: Inzwischen verfügen knapp 40 % der Jugendlichen über ihr eigenes Tablet. Am häufigsten nutzen  Jugendliche das Multifunktionsgerät Smartphone zur Kommunikation über Messenger-Apps, als Uhr und als Musikplayer. Die beliebtesten Smartphone-Apps sind WhatsApp, Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube und Facebook. Facebook hat deutlich an Popularität eingebüsst und wurde auch bei den beliebtesten Sozialen Netzwerken erstmals von Instagram und Snapchat eingeholt. Mit grossem Abstand die Lieblingswebsite der Jugendlichen ist und bleibt youtube.com. Zum ersten Mal seit 2010 hat die selbsteingeschätzte Internetnutzungszeit zugenommen: Unter der Woche sind Jugendliche pro Tag durchschnittlich 2 Std. 30 Min. online und am Wochenende 3 Std. 40 Min. Bei Computer-/Videospielen zeigt sich weiterhin die grösste Geschlechterdifferenz: Die grosse Mehrheit der Jungen, aber nur eine Minderheit der Mädchen spielen regelmässig Videogames. Jungen rezipieren pornografische Inhalte und mediale Gewaltdarstellungen auf Handy oder Computer signifikant häufiger als Mädchen.
Additional file 1 of Urinary sodium concentration predicts time to major adverse coronary events and all-cause mortality in men with heart failure over a 28–33-year period: a prospective cohort study
Creators: name: Ganes, Anand
name: Davis, Jessica A.
name: Virtanen, Jyrki K.
name: Voutilainen, Ari
name: Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
name: Atherton, John J.
name: Amerena, John
name: Driscoll, Andrea
name: Hare, Dave L.
name: Wittert, Gary
name: Ruusunen, Anu
name: Marx, Wolfgang
name: Mohebbi, Mohammadreza
name: O’Neil, Adrienne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Sup. Table 1: Potential confounders identified from trivariable Cox models for MACE events. Sup. Table 2: Inclusion of Model 4 representing a priori confounders. Sup. Figure 1: Proportional hazard assumption graph.
Esophageal Cancer Surgery: Spontaneous Centralization in the US Contributed to Reduce Mortality Without Causing Health Disparities
Creators: name: Charles, A.G.
name: Schlottmann, F.
name: Strassle, P.D.
name: Patti, M.G.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2018

description: Background: Improvement in mortality has been shown for esophagectomies performed at high-volume centers. Objective: This study aimed to determine if centralization of esophageal cancer surgery occurred in the US, and to establish its impact on postoperative mortality. In addition, we aimed to analyze the relationship between regionalization of cancer care and health disparities. Methods: A retrospective population-based analysis was performed using the National Inpatient Sample for the period 2000–2014. Adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) diagnosed with esophageal cancer and who underwent esophagectomy were included. Yearly hospital volume was categorized as low (< 5 procedures), intermediate (5–20 procedures), and high (> 20 procedures). Multivariable analyses on the potential effect of hospital volume on patient outcomes were performed, and the yearly rate of esophagectomies was estimated using Poisson regression. Results: A total of 5235 patients were included. Esophagectomy at low- [odds ratio (OR) 2.17] and intermediate-volume (OR 1.62) hospitals, compared with high-volume hospitals, was associated with a significant increase in mortality. The percentage of esophagectomies performed at high-volume centers significantly increased during the study period (29.2–68.5%; p < 0.0001). The trend towards high-volume hospitals was different among the different US regions: South (7.7–54.3%), West (15.0–67.6%), Midwest (37.3–67.7%), and Northeast (55.8–86.8%) [p < 0.0001]. Overall, the mortality rate of esophagectomy dropped from 10.0 to 3.5% (p = 0.006), with non-White race, public insurance, and low household income patients also showing a significant reduction in mortality. Conclusions: A spontaneous centralization for esophageal cancer surgery occurred in the US. This process was associated with a decrease in the mortality rate, without contributing to health disparities.
Challenges and opportunities for effective data collection in global neurosurgery: Traumatic brain injury surveillance experience in Malawi
Creators: name: Hadar, E.
name: Gilleskie, M.
name: Charles, A.
name: Quinsey, C.
name: Northam, W.
name: Eaton, J.
Publisher: name: American Association of Neurological Surgeons
Year: 2018

description: Global health research can transform clinical and surgical practice worldwide. Partnerships between US academic centers and hospitals in low- and middle-income counties can improve clinical care at the host institution hospital and give the visiting institution access to a large volume of valuable research data. Recognizing the value of these partnerships, the University of North Carolina (UNC) formed a partnership with Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi. The Department of Neurosurgery joined the partnership with KCH and designed a Head Trauma Surveillance Registry. The success of this registry depended on the development of methods to accurately collect head injury data at KCH. Since medical record documentation is often unreliable in this setting, data collection teams were implemented to capture data from head trauma patients on a 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week basis. As data collection improved, pilot groups tested methods to collect new variables and the registry expanded. UNC provided onsite and remote oversight to strengthen the accuracy of the data. Data accuracy still remains a hurdle in global research. Data collection teams, oversight from UNC, pilot group testing, and meaningful collaboration with local physicians improved the accuracy of the head trauma registry. Overall, these methods helped create a more accurate epidemiological and outcomes-centered analysis of brain injury patients at KCH to date.
(101635) Elizabeth Anne Robjent
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Development of a Malawi Intensive care Mortality risk Evaluation (MIME) model, a prospective cohort study
Creators: name: Charles, A.
name: Kadyaudzu, C.
name: Li, G.
name: Pan, S.
name: Prin, M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Introduction: Intensive care medicine can contribute to population health in low-income countries by reducing premature mortality related to surgery, trauma, obstetrical and other medical emergencies. Quality improvement is guided by risk stratification models, which are developed primarily within high-income settings. Models validated for use in low-income countries are needed. Methods: This prospective cohort study consisted of 261 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Kamuzu Central Hospital in Malawi, from September 2016 to March 2018. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We performed univariable analyses on putative predictors and included those with a significance of 0.15 in the Malawi Intensive care Mortality risk Evaluation model (MIME). Model discrimination was evaluated using the area under the curve. Results: Males made up 37.9% of the study sample and the mean age was 34.4 years. A majority (73.9%) were admitted to the ICU after a recent surgical procedure, and 59% came directly from the operating theater. In-hospital mortality was 60.5%. The MIME based on age, sex, admitting service, systolic pressure, altered mental status, and fever during the ICU course had a fairly good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.70 (95% CI 0.63–0.76). Conclusions: The MIME has modest ability to predict in-hospital mortality in a Malawian ICU. Multicenter research is needed to validate the MIME and assess its clinical utility.
EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
Creators: name: Wang, Ke
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Sustainable economic growth is an essential goal for policy makers around the world, especially in developing countries. To achieve long-term growth and prosperity, export diversification and quality upgrading have been lately discussed as potential drivers of economic growth. This dissertation makes an effort to fill in some of the gaps in the literature through theoretical and empirical work to link economic diversification and long-term growth. My dissertation discusses various aspects of economic diversification including export diversification through export products and partners, export diversification on agriculture and manufacturing sectors, extensive and intensive margin of export diversification, real sector diversification, and quality upgrading of export products. My chapters cover the following main topics: the effects of export diversification and quality upgrading on economic growth; export diversification and growth volatility; and the real exchange rate, export diversification, and quality upgrading. I find supporting evidence of how economic diversification helps to promote long-term growth and reduce growth volatility. I also find real exchange rate misalignment has significant effects on export diversification. These questions are important for policy makers to understand whether diversification and quality upgrading could be used as a policy tool to promote sustainable growth and how countries could improve in economic diversification.
Quark production in heavy ion collisions I. Formalism and boost invariant fermionic light-cone mode functions
Creators: name: Gelis, F.
name: Tanji, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of quark production in high energy heavy ion collisions, at leading order in $α_s$ in the color glass condensate framework. In this first paper, we setup the formalism and express the quark spectrum in terms of a set of mode functions of the Dirac equation. We determine analytically their initial value in the Fock-Schwinger gauge on a proper time surface $Q_sτ_0\ll 1$, in a basis which makes manifest the boost invariance properties of this problem. We also describe a statistical algorithm to perform the sampling of the mode functions.
description: 40 pages, 3 figures, alternate derivation in the new appendix B
title: Multimodality Axilla Assessment: Optimizing Technique, Evaluation and Procedures
Creators: name: Tufik, Sergio Brasil
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Review important anatomic landmarks in the axilla. Illustrate imaging features of normal and abnormal lymph nodes, including the differential diagnosis of each one. Discuss the role of imaging in staging the axilla for patients with breast...
Additional file 2 of Urinary sodium concentration predicts time to major adverse coronary events and all-cause mortality in men with heart failure over a 28–33-year period: a prospective cohort study
Creators: name: Ganes, Anand
name: Davis, Jessica A.
name: Virtanen, Jyrki K.
name: Voutilainen, Ari
name: Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
name: Atherton, John J.
name: Amerena, John
name: Driscoll, Andrea
name: Hare, Dave L.
name: Wittert, Gary
name: Ruusunen, Anu
name: Marx, Wolfgang
name: Mohebbi, Mohammadreza
name: O’Neil, Adrienne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Sup. Table 1: Multivariable fractional polynomial of MACE rate on continuous urinary sodium excretion. Sup. Table 2: Comparison of ordinary Cox model and MFP Cox model of MACE rate on continuous urinary sodium excretion. Figure S1: Observed versus model-based survival curves: left) fractional-polynomial multivariable Cox model; right) multivariable Cox model. Sup. Table 3: Competing risk model of MACE rate on continuous urinary sodium excretion with death by non-CV causes as alternative cause of failure. Sup. Table 4: Testing for potential confounders and goodness of fit comparison for alternative models. Sup. Table 5: Model prediction with and without inclusion of urinary tertiles
title: CT findings in renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex
Creators: name: Miu, Lavinia Cristina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Genetic defects

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Tuberous sclerosis is a rare multisystem genetic disease that causes noncancerous (benign) tumors to grow in many parts of the body. Renal impairment in tuberous sclerosis is frequent. The most common renal lesions asociated with tuberous sclerosis...
title: MR appearance of the pituitary stalk in Primary Autoimmune Hypophysitis
Creators: name: Laino, Maria Elena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Head and neck
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Inflammation
subject: Endocrine disorders

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Primary autoimmune hypophysitis (PAH) is a rare neuroendocrine disorder characterized by inflammatory infiltration of the pituitary gland which causes various degrees of pituitary dysfunction (1). The pathogenesis is still unclear, even if an...
Webbasierte Evaluationsapplikation für die Berufslaufbahnberatung in der Schweiz : Projektergebnisse
Creators: name: Künzli, Hansjörg
name: Toggweiler, Stephan
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2014
Subjects: Evaluation
Laufbahnberatung
Berufsberatung
Schweiz
ABS
Aussagen über meine berufliche Situation
VIL
Veränderungsinventar für Laufbahnberatungen
Fragebogen
158: Angewandte Psychologie
331: Arbeitsökonomie

description: Projekt finanziert durch die Kommission für Technologie und Innovation KTI des Bundes
Challenges of centralizing cancer care in the US
Creators: name: Charles, A.G.
name: Patti, M.G.
name: Schlottmann, F.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Cancer is a major global public health problem and is the second leading cause of death in the United States (US). Unfortunately, despite tremendous medical advances in early diagnosis and treatment of several cancer types, socioeconomic inequalities persist in cancer survival. Cancer incidence and death rates vary considerably between racial and ethnic groups. Economic status is also a determinant for appropriate cancer care. Within the four cancer types for which screening is widely recommended (colorectal, breast, cervix, and prostate), the proportion of cases diagnosed at advanced stage is higher in high-poverty census groups.
Hidden AGNs in Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Paggi, A.
name: Fabbiano, G.
name: Civano, F.
name: Pellegrini, S.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Kim, D. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a stacking analysis of the complete sample of Early Type Galaxies (ETGs) in the \textit{Chandra} COSMOS (C-COSMOS) survey, to explore the nature of the X-ray luminosity in the redshift and stellar luminosity ranges \(0
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publications on ApJ
(101636) Richard Drewett Robjent
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Oral Health Conditions in Patients with Serious Mental Illness in Low- and Middle-Income Nations: Scoping Review
Creators: name: Byrne, Matthew
name: Nazary, Marjan
name: Sharma, Avantika
name: Siroya, Kirti
name: Blakemore, Amy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: severe mental illnesses
subject: oral health
subject: Mental health

description: Mental health disorders have a disproportionately large impact and burden in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The poor physical health suffered by people with serious mental illnesses (SMI) is a growing area of study as researchers attempt to uncover the root reasons and develop effective interventions. Patients with SMI experience extra difficulties while obtaining dental care, including poor collaboration and communication with dental practitioners, and economic pressures. This scoping review aims to fill in the gaps in our understanding of primary prevention strategies for oral health issues in SMI patients by mapping the available literature on the topic. The primary goal of this research is to identify oral health interventions for SMI patients in the literature that can assist SMI patients and avoid costly dental treatments.
Precision isotope shift measurements in Ca$^+$ using highly sensitive detection schemes
Creators: name: Gebert, Florian
name: Wan, Yong
name: Wolf, Fabian
name: Angstmann, Christopher N.
name: Berengut, Julian C.
name: Schmidt, Piet O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an efficient high-precision optical spectroscopy technique for single trapped ions with non-closed transitions. In a double-shelving technique, the absorption of a single photon is first amplified to several phonons of a normal motional mode shared with a co-trapped cooling ion of a different species, before being further amplified to thousands of fluorescence photons emitted by the cooling ion using the standard electron shelving technique. We employ this extension of the photon recoil spectroscopy technique to perform the first high precision absolute frequency measurement of the $^{2}$D$_{3/2}$ $\rightarrow$ $^{2}$P$_{1/2}$ transition in $^{40}$Ca$^{+}$, resulting in a transition frequency of $f=346\, 000\, 234\, 867(96)$ kHz. Furthermore, we determine the isotope shift of this transition and the $^{2}$S$_{1/2}$ $\rightarrow$ $^{2}$P$_{1/2}$ transition for $^{42}$Ca$^{+}$, $^{44}$Ca$^{+}$ and $^{48}$Ca$^{+}$ ions relative to $^{40}$Ca$^{+}$ with an accuracy below 100 kHz. Improved field and mass shift constants of these transitions as well as changes in mean square nuclear charge radii are extracted from this high resolution data.
Generation Smartphone : ein partizipatives Forschungsprojekt mit Jugendlichen
Creators: name: Heeg, Rahel
name: Genner, Sarah
name: Steiner, Olivier
name: Schmid, Magdalene
name: Suter, Lilian
name: Süss, Daniel
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2018
Subjects: Smartphone
Jugendliche
Partizipativ
302: Soziale Interaktion
305: Personengruppen (Alter, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Einkommen)

description: Unter www.generationsmartphone.ch finden Sie weitere Materialien (u.a. Videobeiträge), die aus dem Projekt entstanden sind.
description: Im Projekt «Generation Smartphone» haben acht Erwachsene und acht Jugendliche gemeinsam zur Smartphone-Nutzung von dreissig Jugendlichen geforscht. Durch den partizipativen Forschungsansatz – Jugendliche beteiligen sich aktiv am Forschungsprozess – wurden die Sichtweisen der Jugendlichen systematisch miteinbezogen. Die Forschungsziele waren einerseits die Bedeutung des Smartphones im Alltag Jugendlicher zu erfassen und andererseits Chancen und Risiken der Smartphone-Nutzung aus Sicht der Jugendlichen sichtbar zu machen.

Einige wichtige Ergebnisse:
- Das Smartphone ist für fast alle Jugendlichen unverzichtbar im Alltag, weil in einem Gerät alles gebündelt ist: Musik, Fotoapparat, Wecker, Games, Mails, Videos/Fotos, das Internet, Kontaktmöglichkeit mit allen möglichen Menschen, Bücher, Stadtpläne.
- Viele Aktivitäten auf dem Smartphone sind vieles zugleich: Information, Unterhaltung und Kommunikation. «Spass» und «Ernsthaftes» sind nicht getrennt.
- Viele Jugendliche haben ambivalente Gefühle gegenüber dem Smartphone («es ist mein bester Freund und mein grösster Feind»): Es ermöglicht all das oben Aufgezählte, und gleichzeitig kann man sich ihm nicht entziehen.
- «Chancen» und «Risiken» treten oft gemeinsam auf: z.B. kann man ständig in Kontakt sein mit anderen Menschen, aber man muss auch ständig erreichbar sein und schnell reagieren. Man kann die meisten Risiken nicht durch einfache Massnahmen vermeiden, sie sind ein Teil des Gesamtpakets.
- Jugendliche nutzen ihre Smartphones sehr unterschiedlich, z.B. je nach Alter: vor allem jüngere Jugendliche spielen Games auf dem Smartphone, ältere Jugendliche verwenden es oft für die Schule.
(101631) Clara Jessett
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Density-Dependent Electron Transport and Precise Modeling of GaN HEMTs
Creators: name: Bajaj, Sanyam
name: Shoron, Omor F.
name: Park, Pil Sung
name: Krishnamoorthy, Sriram
name: Akyol, Fatih
name: Hung, Ting-Hsiang
name: Reza, Shahed
name: Chumbes, Eduardo M.
name: Khurgin, Jacob
name: Rajan, Siddharth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the direct measurement of two-dimensional sheet charge density dependence of electron transport in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. Pulsed IV measurements established increasing electron velocities with decreasing sheet charge densities, resulting in saturation velocity of 1.9 x 10^7 cm/s at a low sheet charge density of 7.8 x 10^11 cm-2. A new optical phonon emission-based electron velocity model for GaN is also presented. It accommodates stimulated LO phonon emission which clamps the electron velocity with strong electron-phonon interaction and long LO phonon lifetime in GaN. A comparison with the measured density-dependent saturation velocity shows that it captures the dependence rather well. Finally, the experimental result is applied in TCAD-based device simulator to predict DC and small signal characteristics of a reported GaN HEMT. Good agreement between the simulated and reported experimental results validated the measurement presented in this report and established accurate modeling of GaN HEMTs.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
title: CT findings of abdominal Vascular Compression Syndromes: what the radiologist needs to know
Creators: name: Giambelluca, Dario
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics
subject: Arteriovenous malformations
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Complications
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Vascular
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Vascular Compression Syndromes of the abdomen are a heterogeneous group of uncommon disorders characterised by external compression of blood vessels or visceral structures by each other, which may present with a variety of nonspecific...
title: Medullary Sponge Kidney vs Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease: tips and tricks to do a differential diagnosis on CT, Ultrasound and MR Imaging
Creators: name: Giambelluca, Dario
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cysts
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Complications
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Kidney
subject: Abdomen
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Genetic defects

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Medullary Sponge Kidney (MSK) and Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) represent two categories of renal cystic disease, which may be detected incidentally on renal imaging performed for other indications, or they may present with associated...
title: Optimization of PET/MR examination in children with extracranial solid tumors: preliminary experiences
Creators: name: Varotto, Alessia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Cancer
subject: Staging
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Comparative studies
subject: PET-MR
subject: Paediatric
subject: Oncology
subject: Nuclear medicine

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Instruments combining positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have recently been introduced for use in humans, and may be superior to PET/computed tomography (CT) at least for some particular clinical and research...
Interpersonal violence in peacetime Malawi
Creators: name: Williams, B.
name: Reid, T.D.
name: Varela, C.
name: Maine, R.G.
name: Gallaher, J.R.
name: Kincaid, J.A.
name: Mulima, G.
name: Charles, A.G.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2018

description: background The contribution of interpersonal violence (IPV) to trauma burden varies greatly by region. The high rates of IPV in sub-Saharan Africa are thought to relate in part to the high rates of collective violence. Malawi, a country with no history of internal collective violence, provides an excellent setting to evaluate whether collective violence drives the high rates of IPV in this region. Methods This is a retrospective review of a prospective trauma registry from 2009 through 2016 at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Adult (>16 years) victims of IPV were compared with non-intentional trauma victims. Log binomial regression determined factors associated with increased risk of mortality for victims of IPV. results Of 72 488 trauma patients, 25 008 (34.5%) suffered IPV. Victims of IPV were more often male (80.2% vs. 74.8%; p<0.001), younger (median age: 28 years (IQR: 23–34) vs. 30 years (IQR: 24–39); p<0.001), and were more often admitted at night (47.4% vs. 31.9%; p<0.001). Of the IPV victims, 16.5% admitted alcohol use, compared with only 4.4% in other trauma victims (p<0.001). In regression modeling, compared with extremity injuries, head injuries (3.14, 2.24–4.39; p<0.001) and torso injuries (4.32, 2.98–6.27; p<0.001) had increased risk of mortality. Compared with other or unknown mechanisms, penetrating injuries also had increased risk of mortality (1.46, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.81, p=0.001). Alcohol use was associated with a lower risk of mortality (0.54, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.75; p<0.001). Discussion Even in a sub-Saharan country that never experienced internal collective violence, IPV injury rates are high. Public health efforts to measure and address alcohol use, and studies to determine the role of “mob justice,” poverty, and intimate partner violence in IPV, in Malawi are needed.Level of Evidence Level III.
(101633) Elizabeth Hole
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Imaging of hepatic hemorrhagic masses: key points for diagnostic
Creators: name: Ciocan, Madalina Ioana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Acute
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1 . To review the hepatic masses associated with intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) in acute and subacute stages and to describe and illustrate the main differential diagnosis problems. 2 . To discuss the key points of imaging techniques, the structured...
The rise in road traffic injuries in Lilongwe, Malawi: A snapshot of the growing epidemic of trauma in low income countries
Creators: name: Banza, L.N.
name: Dybvik, E.
name: Hallan, G.
name: Young, S.
name: Gallaher, J.
name: Charles, A.
name: Varela, C.
name: Gjertsen, J.-E.
name: Mkandawire, N.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Introduction: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) and death are a major public health issue worldwide. Unless appropriate action is taken urgently, the burden of RTIs will continue to increase globally. This will be particularly pronounced in developing countries where rapid motorization is likely to continue over the next decades. Malawi is one of these countries with a population of 17.2 million and a Gross National Income per capita of 340 US$. The impact of the rising burden of injury on the health sector is considerable. However, data to demonstrate this development is lacking. Methods: This study is an analysis of data from the Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) Trauma Registry. KCH is a 900-bed tertiary care public hospital in Lilongwe, the capital city of Malawi. The KCH Trauma Registry was established to collect patient demographic information, clinical characteristics, and outcome data for all patients presenting to the emergency department with injuries. All patients who presented to the emergency department with injuries between January 2009 and December 2015 were included in the study. Results: A 96,967 patients with injuries between 2009 and 2015 were registered in the KCH Trauma Registry. The mean age of these patients was 23.3 years and 36.8% were children younger than 18 years. 25,193 (26.2%) patients had road traffic related injuries, of these 19,244 (76.4%) were men. There was a 62.4% rise in the number of RTI victims treated at KCH from 2447 in 2009–3975 in 2015. If this trend continues, 7997 patients will be expected to need treatment for RTIs at KCH in 2030, doubling the numbers seen in 2015 in just 15 years. The highest number of injuries occurred in pedestrians (32.3%) and cyclists (28.2%) and continually rose over the years studied. The length of hospital stay for RTIs increased from 6.4 ± 9.1days in 2009 to 15.0 ± 19.4 in 2015. Discussion: There was a rapidly growing burden of RTIs at KCH in Lilongwe, Malawi, between 2009 and 2015, and projections based on our data show that this burden will double by 2030. It is essential that surgical trauma services are scaled up to meet this challenge in Malawi. There is also a large potential for prevention of injuries involving vulnerable road users. Road traffic campaigns should focus on improved driver training, use of lights, pedestrian and cyclist visibility, and vehicle fitness. Standards should include physical separation of pedestrians and vehicles, through raised pavements or separate walk and cycle ways. The absence of a clear strategy to meet the growing epidemic of injuries in Malawi will come at a huge cost to an already strained economy, and the largest portion of the burden of injury will continue to be borne by the poorest segment of the population.
Intrinsic Metastabilities in the Charge Configuration of a Double Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Biesinger, D. E. F.
name: Scheller, C. P.
name: Braunecker, B.
name: Zimmerman, J.
name: Gossard, A. C.
name: Zumbühl, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a thermally activated metastability in a GaAs double quantum dot exhibiting real-time charge switching in diamond shaped regions of the charge stability diagram. Accidental charge traps and sensor back action are excluded as the origin of the switching. We present an extension of the canonical double dot theory based on an intrinsic, thermal electron exchange process through the reservoirs, giving excellent agreement with the experiment. The electron spin is randomized by the exchange process, thus facilitating fast, gate-controlled spin initialization. At the same time, this process sets an intrinsic upper limit to the spin relaxation time.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures (color)
title: CT findings of Renal Tuberculosis: what the radiologist needs to know
Creators: name: Giambelluca, Dario
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Infection
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: CT
subject: Kidney

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Renal tuberculosis usually occurs as a part of a disseminated infection or a localized genitourinary disease and its diagnosis is often difficult and delayed, because it can mimic many other pathological conditions. We propose to achieve these...
The utility of the alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the elderly
Creators: name: Adams, S.
name: Charles, A.
name: Reid, T.
name: Brown, R.
name: Shchatsko, A.
name: Alger, A.
Publisher: name: Southeastern Surgical Congress
Year: 2017

description: Clinical scores determining the likelihood of acute appendicitis (AA), including the Alvarado score, were devised using a younger population, and their efficacy in predicting AA in elderly patients is not well documented. This study's purpose is to evaluate the utility of Alvarado scores in this population. A retrospective chart review of patients >65 years old presenting with pathologically diagnosed AA from 2000 to 2010 was performed. Ninety-six patients met inclusion criteria. The average age was 73.7 ± 1.5 years and our cohort was 41.7 per cent male. The average Alvarado score was 6.9 ± 0.33. The distribution of scores was 1 to 4 in 3.7 per cent, 5 to 6 in 37.8 per cent, and 7 to 10 in 58.5 per cent of cases. There was a statistically significant increase in patients scoring 5 or 6 in our cohort versus the original Alvarado cohort (P < 0.01). Right lower quadrant tenderness (97.6%), left shift of neutrophils (91.5%), and leukocytosis (84.1%) were the most common symptoms on presentation. In conclusion, our data suggest that altering our interpretation of the Alvarado score to classify elderly patients presenting with a score of ‡5 as high risk may lead to earlier diagnosis of AA. Physicians should have a higher clinical suspicion of AA in elderly patients presenting with right lower quadrant tenderness, left shift, or leukocytosis.