cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Correlated-Electron Systems and High Temperature Superconductivity
Creators: name: Yanagisawa, Takashi
name: Miyazaki, Mitake
name: Yamaji, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present recent theoretical results on superconductivity in correlated-electron systems, especially in the two-dimensional Hubbard model and the three-band d-p model. The mechanism of superconductivity in high-temperature superconductors has been extensively studied on the basis of various electronic models and also electron-phonon models. In this study we investigate the properties of superconductivity in correlated-electron systems by using numerical methods such as the variational Monte Carlo method and the quantum Monte Carlo method. The Hubbard model is one of basic models for strongly correlated electron systems, and is regarded as the model of cuprate high temperature superconductors. The d-p model is more realistic model for cuprates. The superconducting condensation energy obtained by adopting the Gutzwiller ansatz is in reasonable agreement with the condensation energy estimated for YBa_2Cu_3O_7. We show the phase diagram of the ground state using this method. We have further investigated the stability of striped and checkerboard states in the under-doped region. The relationship of the hole density x and incommensurability δ, δ\sim x, is satisfied in the lower doping region, as indicated by the variational Monte Carlo calculations. We have performed a variational Monte Carlo simulation on a two-dimensional t-t'-t"-U Hubbard model with a Bi-2212 type band structure and found that the 4\times 4 period checkerboard spin modulation, that is characterized by multi Q vectors, is stabilized. We also present a new algorithm of the diagonalization quantum Monte Carlo method that is a method for the evaluation of expectation values without the negative sign difficulty. We show that the pair correlation function is not enhanced at half-filling, and is indeed enhanced with hole doping.
Norellia bertei Rondani 1866
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Scathophagidae
Norellia
Norellia bertei

description: Norellia bertei Rondani, 1866
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1866b: 16 (key), 17 (description) [1867b: 100 (key), 101 (description)].
TYPE LOCALITY: “ in Apennino parmensi [Parmese Apennines (Italy)]”.
TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♀, syntype (completely covered with mold) (MZUF: Box 27): Norellia Desv. / bertei Rond., Apenn. [= Apennines] / 1421.
CURRENT STATUS: junior synonym of Norellia alpestris Schiner, 1864 (Gorodkov 1986: 12); junior synonym of Norellisoma alpestre (Schiner, 1864) (Šifner 2003: 24).
REMARKS: Rondani (1866b: 17) described Norellia bertei from just the female sex, without specifying the exact number of specimens, but giving a single measurement of length: “ Foeminam tantum observavi a Doct. Bertéo … captam [I observed only the female collected by. Dr. Bertè]”. We found one female syntype in this study. Rondani published the species first in a separate (1866b) and then in the journal version (1867b).
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
The Vanuatu Cultural Centre's (VKS) Fieldworker Network
Creators: name: Haviland, Maya
name: Riley, Brad
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2017

description: "Everyone knows. Everything’s changing – language is changing, lifestyles are changing, ideas of respect are changing…" Numaline Mahana – Fieldworker, Tanna. The Vanuatu Cultural Centre is a custom bank, where we archive traditional knowledge for future generations.” Jacob Kapere – Men’s Fieldworker Facilitator 2011-2017. The Vanuatu Cultural Centre’s (VKS) Fieldworker Network is a unique model of sustained indigenous collaborative cultural research and revitalisation spanning more than 4 decades. Iterations of this project, with its network of more than 100 indigenous researchers spread across most of the 83 islands of the Vanuatu archipelago, have undertaken cultural documentation and revitalisation at a scale and scope unparalleled in the Pacific, and perhaps the world. Dr. Maya Haviland and Bradley Riley collaborated with the National Film, Sound and Photo Unit of the Vanuatu Cultural Centre to make this documentary film. The film explores the history and purpose of the VKS’ Men and Women’s Fieldworker Network in the face of contemporary social, cultural and environmental change. It features contemporary interviews and archival material gathered over many decades by Vanuatu’s ‘original researchers’, the Fieldworkers. The documentary explores the ways in which this unique network continues to harness the cultural commitment and knowledge of volunteer researchers across the country, contributing to local cultural revitalisation in communities, and shapes the core operating logic and collections of the Vanuatu Cultural Centre.
Creating 2D Occupancy Plots Using plot2DO
Creators: name: Beati, Paula
name: Razvan V. Chereji
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Chromatin organization and epigenetic marks play a critical role in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. Chromatin digestion by micrococcal nuclease (MNase) followed by high-throughput sequencing (MNase-seq) is the most widely used genome-wide method for studying nucleosome organization, that is, the first level of DNA packaging into chromatin. Combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), MNase-ChIP-seq represents a high-resolution method for investigating both chromatin organization and the distribution of epigenetic marks and histone variants. The 2D occupancy (2DO) plot is useful not only for the initial quality check of MNase-seq data, in order to assess the degree of digestion, but also for getting insights about the nucleosome organization near functional regions of the genome, as well as about the MNase digestion kinetics. plot2DO presented here is a flexible tool for evaluating the quality of MNase-seq and MNase-ChIP-seq data, and for visualizing the distribution of nucleosomes near the functional regions of the genome. plot2DO is open-source software, and it is freely available from https://github.com/rchereji/plot2DO under the MIT license.
Optical Reading of Nanoscale Magnetic Bits in an Integrated Photonic Platform
Creators: name: Pezeshki, Hamed
name: Li, Pingzhi
name: Lavrijsen, Reinoud
name: van der Tol, Jos J. G. M.
name: Koopmans, Bert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a compact integrated hybrid plasmonic-photonic device for optical reading of nanoscale magnetic bits with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in a magnetic racetrack on top of a photonic waveguide on the indium phosphide membrane on silicon platform. The hybrid device is constructed by coupling a doublet of V-shaped gold plasmonic nanoantennas on top of the indium phosphide waveguide. By taking advantage of the localized surface plasmons, our hybrid device can enable detection of the magnetization state in magnetic bits beyond the diffraction limit of light and enhance the polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (PMOKE). We further illustrate how combining the hybrid device with a plasmonic polarization rotator provides magneto-optical read-out by transforming the PMOKE-induced polarization change into an intensity variation of the waveguide mode. According to the simulation results based on a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, the hybrid device can detect the magnetization states in targeted bits in a magnetic racetrack medium down to ~ 100x100 nm2, regardless of the magnetization state of the rest of the racetrack with a relative intensity contrast of greater than 0.5% for a ~ 200x100 nm2 magnetic bit. We believe our hybrid device can be an enabling technology that can connect integrated photonics with nanoscale spintronics, paving the way toward ultrafast and energy efficient advanced on-chip applications.
Constraints on millicharged particles from Planck
Creators: name: Dolgov, A. D.
name: Dubovsky, S. L.
name: Rubtsov, G. I.
name: Tkachev, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit cosmic microwave background (CMB) constraints on the abundance of millicharged particles based on the Planck data. The stringent limit Omega_{mcp}h^2 < 0.001 (95% CL) may be set using the CMB data alone if millicharged particles participate in the acoustic oscillations of baryon-photon plasma at the recombination epoch. The latter condition is valid for a wide region of charges and masses of the particles. Adding the millicharged component to LCDM shifts prefered scalar spectral index of primordial perturbations to somewhat larger values as compared to minimal model, even approaching Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum under some assumptions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Development and Characterisation of a Fibre Frequency Reference
Creators: name: Zhang, Ya
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022

description: In this thesis, a passive, all optical fibre frequency reference is developed and characterised. The system uses long armlength difference interferometers to measure fluctuations of laser frequency. The phase readout is handled by digital interferometry (DI), which uses spread-spectrum modulation to extract interference signals from the desired range gate with high dynamic range. The frequency stability of the fibre reference is characterised using a differential measurement between two near-identical interferometers. We achieve a relative stability of 0.1 Hz/rt(Hz) above 70 Hz Fourier frequency, which surpasses previous demonstrations of fibre optic references. Building on prior fibre reference investigations, the new system discussed here is designed around an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer, removing the impact of first-order Rayleigh backscattering as seen in previous designs. The implementation of DI is modified to enable real-time phase reconstruction instead of at a decimated speed, reducing non-linear errors and improving readout fidelity. The new interferometers are individually enclosed in two updated dual-layer passive isolation chambers. In system characterisation, we provide the first long-term temperature analysis of the isolation chambers. Their individual time constant is modelled and experimentally measured, at 13.2 hrs and 11.4 hrs respectively. The 14% difference between the two chambers is in alignment with the temperature independence observed in a three-reference optical measurement. We also comprehensively survey the laboratory mechanical profile, and identify the driving source for each mechanical feature in the experimental noise floor. In addition to temperature and mechanical stability, noise limitations in other Fourier regimes are also identified and characterised. We adapt the Duan fibre thermal noise model for a long armlength interferometer, and experimentally achieve thermo-mechanical noise limited relative stability between 0.4 - 2 Hz. We also develop the first quantitative model for double Rayleigh scattering (DRS) in a fibre interferometer including effects from DI integration and suppression. The modelled contribution from DRS is shown to be in close agreement with the experimental noise floor above 70 Hz Fourier frequencies. The achieved 0.1 Hz/rt(Hz) frequency stability represents the state-of-the-art performance for fibre references and is comparable with room temperature cavity systems. This makes our system a potential alternative for laser frequency stabilisation at short timescales, particularly in applications where the robustness of fibre systems and their intrinsic optical alignment are important considerations.
Geometric integration of the Vlasov-Maxwell system with a variational particle-in-cell scheme
Creators: name: Squire, Jonathan
name: Qin, Hong
name: Tang, William M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fully variational, unstructured, electromagnetic particle-in-cell integrator is developed for integration of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations. Using the formalism of Discrete Exterior Calculus, the field solver, interpolation scheme and particle advance algorithm are derived through minimization of a single discrete field theory action. As a consequence of ensuring that the action is invariant under discrete electromagnetic gauge transformations, the integrator exactly conserves Gauss's law.
New insights on social media metrics: examining the relationship between universities' academic reputation and Wikipedia attention
Creators: name: Arroyo-Machado, Wenceslao
name: Díaz-Faes, Adrián A
name: Costas, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This paper explores how universities academic reputation as measured by scientometric indicators is to some extent related to social attention captured in Wikipedia, and tries to identify the main variables involved in this relationship. We find that the publication size and highly cited publications have a positive association with social attention on Wikipedia. However, when variables that account for geographical and cultural factors come into play, the latter’s influence is reduced significantly. This suggests that in the translation of academic reputation to the social media realm, different factors than just the academic performance of universities may also be playing important roles, including geographical, cultural, and linguistic aspects, which are usually not consider in most altmetric research. These results suggest important directions for future research, which should inevitably consider contextual factors to properly disentangle the relationship between academic reputation and Wikipedia social attention, including among others the Wikipedia pages of universities in languages other than English. Finally, it is also important to remark that the approach developed in this paper for Wikipedia could easily be also extrapolated to other social media platforms, like Twitter, Facebook or even more local platforms like WeChat, enabling more advanced studies of the relationships between the academic reputation and social media impact of scientific entities.
Norellia roserii Rondani 1866
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Scathophagidae
Norellia
Norellia roserii

description: Norellia roserii Rondani, 1866
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1866b: 16 (key), 17 (description) [1867b: 100 (key), 101 (description)].
TYPE LOCALITY: “ germanicum [Germany]”.
TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♀, holotype (MZUF: Box 27): Norellia Desv. / roserii Rond., German. /1420.
CURRENT STATUS: junior synonym of Norellia armipes (Meigen, 1826) (Gorodkov 1986: 12); junior synonym of Norellisoma spinimanum (Fallen, 1819) (Šifner 2003: 29).
REMARKS: Rondani (1866b: 17) described Norellia roserii from a single male: “ Specimen germanicum possideo a Cl. De Roser missum [I have a specimen from Germany, sent by Mr. von Roser]”, publishing the species first in a separate (1866b) and then in the journal version (1867b).
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
Zum Verformungs- und Ermüdungsverhalten von Elektroblech
Creators: name: Bode, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 620
subject: Elektroblech
subject: Materialermüdung
subject: Deformation
subject: Elektromobilität

description: Zugleich: Dissertation, Universität Kassel, 2019
euCanSHare. Deliverable 4.4 - Bioinformatics Toolbox
Creators: name: Zeller, Tanja
name: Spiess, Andrej
name: Engels, Anna Lena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Meaning and purpose of this deliverable is to demonstrate the applicability of a bioinformatical tool (part of a larger toolbox) that can either analyse external data through an upload mechanism or offer the automatic analysis of internal server-housed data.
 For this initial case, we selected the analysis of RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data, the de facto standard of today’s gene expression measurement, as it is widely applied in the scientific community.
 We have programmed a tool that (as it currently stands) can analyse differential gene expression between two groups, based on a provided “raw count” RNAseq matrix and three additional files containing gene annotation data, group definitions and covariates. All data is automatically matched and a subsequent extensive analyses of the data is conducted, including visualizations of expression levels, variance structure analysis by decomposition (PCA), variance contribution analysis, hierarchical clustering of top differential transcripts, profile plots, and diagnostic plots (MA plot, Volcano plot). During analysis, the obtained data to generate these exported plots is also automatically exported and named accordingly. The differential gene expression is calculated by covariate-adjusted linear models with multiple testing-corrected p-values. Finally, a large result matrix is generated, with the original count matrix augmented with annotations, gene names and the complete statistical data and sorted ascendingly by the corrected p-value, so that the most differential transcripts reside on the top of the data.
 In future, it is envisaged that the user selects RNAseq data deposited alongside clinical variables and defines the desired grouping of the samples, which then is sufficient to create a complete analysis output as described above.
description: This deliverable has been produced in the context of the euCanSHare (An EU-Canada joint infrastructure for next-generation multi-Study Heart research) Research and Innovation Action, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme (grant agreement No 825903), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and the Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé under the framework of Canada‐EU Commission Flagship Collaboration for Human data storage, integration and sharing.
{memes}: an R interface to the MEME Suite
Creators: name: Nystrom, Spencer L.
name: McKay, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Biopolymers, such as DNA and protein, perform varying functions based on their primary sequence. Short, repeated sequences, or “motifs” represent functional units within biopolymers which can act as interaction surfaces, create structure, or have enzymatic activity. Identification of shared motifs across multiple sequences can provide evidence for shared function, thus the ability to identify, classify, and compare motifs represents a key step in the analysis of biological sequences. Although tools implementing these features exist within Bioconductor, they often rely on proprietary data types with poor interoperability with other tools. Furthermore, several of these packages will be deprecated in the next Bioconductor release, leaving a gap in functionality with no clear alternatives.
The MEME Suite is a series of commandline tools which provide a variety of features for motif analysis including de-novo motif discovery, enrichment testing, comparison, and matching. Here we present memes, a motif analysis package which provides a seamless interface to MEME Suite tools within R.
memes uses standard R and Bioconductor data types for better integration with common analysis tools like the tidyverse and GRanges. memes outputs also function as inputs to other memes commands, allowing simple construction of motif analysis pipelines.
In addition to wrapping MEME Suite utilities, memes extends the functionality of universalmotif to provide base R and tidyverse compatible syntax for manipulating and analyzing motif metadata. These features allow motif databases to integrate external data to aid analysis, such as filtering a set of transcription factor motifs based on gene expresion. memes also provides simple utilities for data visualization.
memes is designed for maximum flexibility and ease of use to allow rapid iteration during analysis. Here we present several examples of how memes allows novel analyses of ChIP and FAIRE-seq data by facilitating seamless interoperability between MEME Suite tools and the broader R landscape.
Unravelling the mystery of migratory behaviour in the Bogong moth Agrotis infusa using genomics and novel automated monitoring techniques
Creators: name: Wallace, Jesse
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022

description: An exceptionally impressive example of animal navigation is presented by the Bogong moth Agrotis infusa, that migrates over 1000 km from widely distributed winter breeding grounds to a relatively confined summer range in the Australian Alps, consistently arriving to the same sites as its predecessors, despite never having an opportunity to learn the migratory route, or indeed, the location of its destination. The Bogong moth then waits out the summer in a dormant state known as aestivation, lining the walls of cool cracks and crevices in high altitude granite outcrops, where it forms massive assemblages with an estimated 17000 moths per square metre. Recent and ongoing investigations into the sensory and neurological capabilities of the Bogong moth have revealed that it possesses a "compass sense" that relies on geomagnetic and stellar information. However, since the migratory direction of the Bogong moth varies across its breeding range, a compass is not sufficient on its own for the moth's navigation. How, for instance, does a Bogong moth know - given its starting location - in which direction to migrate? The objective of this thesis is to understand the basis of the Bogong moth migratory direction. Even though this thesis opens as many questions as it answers, significant progress towards achieving this objective is presented (in two parts) herein, primarily through development of the scientific infrastructure for studying Bogong moth biology more generally. Part I introduces a new method for quantitatively measuring Bogong moth activity and abundance using automated camera-based detection, which is then used to model the influence of abiotic factors on Bogong moth behaviour, and to measure the arrival, departure, and population dynamics of the moths in their summer range. In addition to its utility in addressing ethological questions, this new method enables quantitative long-term monitoring of the Bogong moth population, which may prove invaluable for conservation efforts (the Bogong moth has recently been assessed as endangered for the IUCN Red List). In part II, the annotated sequence of the Bogong moth genome is presented, opening the door to high-throughput molecular research on the moth. Extensive differential gene expression in the sensory and brain tissue of migrating and aestivating moths is observed, along with evidence of epigenomic modification. Finally, the results of re-sequencing the genomes of 77 Bogong moths collected from across their breeding and summer ranges are presented, which show that the Bogong moth population is panmictic, and harbours a vast quantity of rare genetic variants. Interestingly, a small number of variants are highly correlated with migratory direction, indicating promising avenues for further research into the genetic basis of migratory direction.
Large time behavior of the heat kernel
Creators: name: Xu, Guoyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the large time behavior of the heat kernel on complete Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature, which was studied by P. Li with additional maximum volume growth assumption. Following Y. Ding's original strategy, by blowing down the metric, using Cheeger and Colding's theory about limit spaces of Gromov-Hausdorff convergence, combining with the Gaussian upper bound of heat kernel on limit spaces, we succeed in reducing the limit behavior of the heat kernel on manifold to the values of heat kernels on tangent cones at infinity of manifold with renormalized measure. As one application, we get the consistent large time limit of heat kernel in more general context, which generalizes the former result of P. Li. Furthermore, by choosing different sequences to blow down the suitable metric, we show the first example manifold whose heat kernel has inconsistent limit behavior, which answers an open question posed by P. Li negatively.
description: 52pp, to appear on J. Differential Geom. All comments are welcome
Dark Matter Direct Detection with Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Blanco, Carlos
name: Essig, Rouven
name: Fernandez-Serra, Marivi
name: Ramani, Harikrishnan
name: Slone, Oren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose using Quantum Dots as novel targets to probe sub-GeV dark matter-electron interactions. Quantum dots are nanocrystals of semiconducting material, which are commercially available, with gram-scale quantities suspended in liter-scale volumes of solvent. Quantum dots can be efficient scintillators, with near unity single-photon quantum yields, and their band-edge electronic properties are determined by their characteristic size, which can be precisely tuned. Examples include lead sulfide (PbS) and lead selenide (PbSe) quantum dots, which can be tuned to have sub-eV optical gaps. A dark-matter interaction can generate one or more electron-hole pairs (excitons), with the multi-exciton state decaying via the emission of two photons with an efficiency of about 10% of the single-photon quantum yield. An experimental setup using commercially available quantum dots and two photo-multiplier-tubes (PMTs) for detecting the coincident two-photon signal can already improve on existing dark-matter bounds, while using photodetectors with lower dark-count rates can improve on current constraints by orders of magnitude.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures ; Appendix 4 pages, 1 figure
Scatina estotilandica Rondani 1863
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Scathophagidae
Scatina
Scatina estotilandica

description: Scatina estotilandica Rondani, 1863
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1863: 35.
TYPE LOCALITY: “ Labrador [Labrador (Canada)]”.
TYPE MATERIAL: not found in this study.
CURRENT STATUS: valid species, as Scathophaga estotilandica (Aldrich 1905: 568); valid species, unplaced in Scathophagidae (as “ Scathophaginae ”) (Vockeroth 1965: 842).
REMARKS: Rondani (1863: 35) described Scatina estotilandica from just the female sex, without giving any measurement of length, from material received from M. Spinola. Costa (1866: 34) listed a single MZUN specimen numbered “719”, which we did not locate in this study.
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
Climate Drivers Compound Under Climate Change
Creators: name: Steketee, Anton
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021
Subjects: climate change
climate variability
bush fire frequency
climate
driver
mode
El Nino
ENSO
IOD
SAM
Indian Ocean Dipole
Southern Annular Mode

description: Seasonal climate variability in south-east Australia is influenced by three major climate drivers; the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Each climate driver has impacts upon seasonal rainfall, temperature and fire risk. In south-east Australia, there is some evidence that large scale fire seasons are more likely to occur when there are compounding impacts from more than one driver. Seasonal impacts on rainfall and temperature can also be stronger when more than one driver is active. In this thesis, publicly available output from global climate models is used to explore how anthropogenic climate change may alter the frequencies these climate drivers compound in the future. Results from 35 global climate models submitted to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6, and from the Community Earth System Model Last Millennium Ensemble were analysed. Models include experiments to represent pre-industrial climate, historical climate, and a high greenhouse gas emission scenario for the future climate. Indices to represent the state of ENSO, IOD and SAM were calculated and then seasons where more than one mode is compounding to promote more extreme wet or dry conditions in south-east Australia were found. In the future scenario, the frequency of dry-promoting compounds increases consistently in the models examined, in both the cool season and warm season. The frequency of wet-promoting compounds also increases in the warm season for some models. ENSO and IOD variability promotes dry conditions more frequently, while SAM moves to a more positive mean state, which promotes dry conditions in the cool season and wet conditions in the warm season. Although compound events become more frequent, there is no clear change in the strength of the rainfall and temperature impacts from compound events in the future scenario. The changes to event frequencies occur in the context of a long-term increase in air temperature, and seasonal changes to average rainfall. A reduction in cool season rainfall, and increased air temperatures, mean that dry-promoting compound events would have a greater impact when they occur. Increased air temperatures and increased frequency of dry-promoting compounds mean that fire frequency would be expected to increase in the future. Global action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions would reduce or delay the increase in dry-promoting compound events and fire risk. Increasing frequency of dry-promoting climate variability in south east Australia, should be considered in ongoing research and adaptation to climate change.
Where is the science in Wikipedia? Identification and characterization of scientifically supported contents
Creators: name: Arroyo-Machado, Wenceslao
name: Torres-Salinas, Daniel
name: Costas, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This study illustrates the challenges of developing a broad Wikipedia thematic landscape. Particularly the limitations of Wikipedia categories in providing an overview of the thematic areas covered in Wikipedia are shown. The use of WikiProjects is presented as a viable although limited alternative, providing interesting classificatory possibilities. The classification proposed here can be useful for further research on Wikipedia as well as for other researchers who want to identify Wikipedia dynamics in a more aggregated and visual way.
Gauge properties of the guiding center variational symplectic integrator
Creators: name: Squire, Jonathan
name: Qin, Hong
name: Tang, William M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational symplectic algorithms have recently been developed for carrying out long-time simulation of charged particles in magnetic fields. As a direct consequence of their derivation from a discrete variational principle, these algorithms have very good long-time energy conservation, as well as exactly preserving discrete momenta. We present stability results for these algorithms, focusing on understanding how explicit variational integrators can be designed for this type of system. It is found that for explicit algorithms an instability arises because the discrete symplectic structure does not become the continuous structure in the $t \rightarrow 0$ limit. We examine how a generalized gauge transformation can be used to put the Lagrangian in the "antisymmetric discretization gauge," in which the discrete symplectic structure has the correct form, thus eliminating the numerical instability. Finally, it is noted that the variational guiding center algorithms are not electromagnetically gauge invariant. By designing a model discrete Lagrangian, we show that the algorithms are approximately gauge invariant as long as $\boldsymbol{A}$ and $ϕ$ are relatively smooth. A gauge invariant discrete Lagrangian is very important in a variational particle-in-cell algorithm where it ensures current continuity and preservation of Gauss's law
Rural Youth Indicators. Open Source Indicators for Evaluating Youth Goals Implementation.
Creators: name: Bárta, Ondřej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Indicators, rural areas, youth, youth policy

description: Indicators are widely used across different sectors to enable policymakers as well as various other stakeholders to explore and track changes in observed phenomena. As such, it is also one of the tools of evidence-based policymaking, and potentially a source of data for evaluation processes, and also for informed debates on varied topics. This publication further elaborates on a discussion started in my previous work focusing on evaluation in the youth field. While the previous publication aimed at providing the reader with an overview of various components of the evaluation process, this one focuses on demonstrating potential significance of indicators in implementing and fulfilling the European Youth Goals. In particular, the publication strives to point out concrete indicators existent on international and national levels, which can be potentially useful in assessing the state of affairs in the youth field. Moreover, by analysing these indicators, the publication provides the reader with a basic insight into strong and weak suits to look out for when using indicators further.
Anti-trypanosomatid structure-based drug design – lessons learned from targeting the folate pathway
Creators: name: Panecka-Hofman, Joanna
name: Poehner, Ina
name: Wade, Rebecca C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Trypanosomatidic parasitic infections in humans and animals caused by Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania species pose a significant health and economic burden in developing countries. There are few effective and accessible treatments for these diseases, and the existing therapies suffer from problems, such as parasite resistance and side effects. Structure-based drug design (SBDD) is one of the strategies that has been applied to discover new compounds targeting trypanosomatid-borne diseases. We review the current literature (mostly over the last 5 years, searched in the PubMed database on 11 November 2021) on the application of structure-based drug design approaches to identify new anti-trypanosomatidic compounds that interfere with a validated target biochemical pathway, the trypanosomatid folate pathway. The application of structure-based drug design approaches to perturb the trypanosomatid folate pathway has successfully provided many new inhibitors with good selectivity profiles, most of which are natural products or their derivatives or have scaffolds of known drugs. However, the inhibitory effect against the target protein(s) often does not translate to anti-parasitic activity. Further progress is hampered by our incomplete understanding of parasite biology and biochemistry, which is necessary to complement SBDD in a multiparameter optimization approach to discovering selective anti-parasitic drugs.
Ambitwistor strings and the scattering equations
Creators: name: Mason, Lionel
name: Skinner, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that string theories admit chiral infinite tension analogues in which only the massless parts of the spectrum survive. Geometrically they describe holomorphic maps to spaces of complex null geodesics, known as ambitwistor spaces. They have the standard critical space--time dimensions of string theory (26 in the bosonic case and 10 for the superstring). Quantization leads to the formulae for tree--level scattering amplitudes of massless particles found recently by Cachazo, He and Yuan. These representations localize the vertex operators to solutions of the same equations found by Gross and Mende to govern the behaviour of strings in the limit of high energy, fixed angle scattering. Here, localization to the scattering equations emerges naturally as a consequence of working on ambitwistor space. The worldsheet theory suggests a way to extend these amplitudes to spinor fields and to loop level. We argue that this family of string theories is a natural extension of the existing twistor string theories.
description: 31 pages + refs & appendices
Dependency Structure and Scaling Properties of Financial Time Series Are Related
Creators: name: Morales, Raffaello
name: Di Matteo, T.
name: Aste, Tomaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We report evidence of a deep interplay between cross-correlations hierarchical properties and multifractality of New York Stock Exchange daily stock returns. The degree of multifractality displayed by different stocks is found to be positively correlated to their depth in the hierarchy of cross-correlations. We propose a dynamical model that reproduces this observation along with an array of other empirical properties. The structure of this model is such that the hierarchical structure of heterogeneous risks plays a crucial role in the time evolution of the correlation matrix, providing an interpretation to the mechanism behind the interplay between cross-correlation and multifractality in financial markets, where the degree of multifractality of stocks is associated to their hierarchical positioning in the cross-correlation structure. Empirical observations reported in this paper present a new perspective towards the merging of univariate multi scaling and multivariate cross-correlation properties of financial time series.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Semi-automatic tuning of coupled climate models with multiple intrinsic timescales: lessons learned from the Lorenz96 model
Creators: name: Lguensat, Redouane
name: Deshayes, Julie
name: Durand, Homer
name: Balaji, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for History Matching (HM) to tune a climate system with multi-scale dynamics. By considering a toy climate model, namely, the two-scale Lorenz96 model and producing experiments in perfect-model setting, we explore in detail how several built-in choices need to be carefully tested. We also demonstrate the importance of introducing physical expertise in the range of parameters, a priori to running HM. Finally we revisit a classical procedure in climate model tuning, that consists of tuning the slow and fast components separately. By doing so in the Lorenz96 model, we illustrate the non-uniqueness of plausible parameters and highlight the specificity of metrics emerging from the coupling. This paper contributes also to bridging the communities of uncertainty quantification, machine learning and climate modeling, by making connections between the terms used by each community for the same concept and presenting promising collaboration avenues that would benefit climate modeling research.
description: Submission to JAMES journal (AGU), added link to code
Stability of nonspinning effective-one-body model in approximating two-body dynamics and gravitational-wave emission
Creators: name: Pan, Yi
name: Buonanno, Alessandra
name: Taracchini, Andrea
name: Boyle, Michael
name: Kidder, Lawrence E.
name: Mroue, Abdul H.
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
name: Scheel, Mark A.
name: Szilagyi, Bela
name: Zenginoglu, Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of gravitational waves and the extraction of physical information from them requires the prediction of accurate waveforms to be used in template banks. For that purpose, the accuracy of effective-one-body (EOB) waveforms has been improved over the last years by calibrating them to numerical-relativity (NR) waveforms. So far, the calibration has employed a handful of NR waveforms with a total length of ~30 cycles, the length being limited by the computational cost of NR simulations. Here we address the outstanding problem of the stability of the EOB calibration with respect to the length of NR waveforms. Performing calibration studies against NR waveforms of nonspinning black-hole binaries with mass ratios 1, 1.5, 5, and 8, and with a total length of ~60 cycles, we find that EOB waveforms calibrated against either 30 or 60 cycles will be indistinguishable by the advanced detectors LIGO and Virgo when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is below 110. When extrapolating to a very large number of cycles, using very conservative assumptions, we can conclude that state-of-the-art nonspinning EOB waveforms of any length are sufficiently accurate for parameter estimation with advanced detectors when the SNR is below 20, the mass ratio is below 5 and total mass is above 20 Msun. The results are not conclusive for the entire parameter space because of current NR errors.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Interchange reconnection as the source of the fast solar wind within coronal holes
Creators: name: Bale, S. D.
name: Drake, J. F.
name: McManus, M. D.
name: Desai, M. I.
name: Badman, S. T.
name: Larson, D. E.
name: Swisdak, M.
name: Horbury, T. S.
name: Raouafi, N. E.
name: Phan, T.
name: Velli, M.
name: McComas, D. J.
name: Cohen, C. M. S.
name: Mitchell, D.
name: Panasenco, O.
name: Kasper, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fast solar wind that fills the heliosphere originates from deep within regions of open magnetic field on the Sun called coronal holes. The energy source responsible for accelerating the plasma to high speeds is widely debated, however there is evidence that it is ultimately magnetic in nature with candidate mechanisms including wave heating^(1,2) and interchange reconnection^(3,4,5). The coronal magnetic field near the solar surface is structured on scales associated with supergranulation convection cells, where descending flows create intense fields. The energy density in these network magnetic field bundles is a likely candidate as an energy source of the wind. Here we report measurements of fast solar wind streams from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft^6 which provides strong evidence for the interchange reconnection mechanism. We show that supergranulation structure at the coronal hole base remains imprinted in the near-Sun solar wind resulting in asymmetric patches of magnetic 'switchbacks'^(7,8) and bursty wind streams with power law-like energetic ion spectra to beyond 100 keV. Computer simulations of interchange reconnection support key features of the observations, including the ion spectra. Important characteristics of interchange reconnection in the low corona are inferred from the data including that the reconnection is collisionless and that the energy release rate is sufficient to power the fast wind. In this scenario, open magnetic flux undergoes continuous reconnection and the wind is driven both by the resulting plasma pressure and the radial Alfvenic flow bursts.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. Nature, 2023
The 10K Initiative: Towards Meaningful Relationships and Network Centred Aged Care
Creators: name: Rahn, Alison
name: Horsfall, Debbie
name: Psychogios, Helen
name: Leonard, Rosemary
name: Lance, Jasmine
Publisher: name: Western Sydney University
Year: 2020

description: It is well accepted that as people age their social worlds often shrink. Additionally, living in an aged care facility can disrupt people’s social worlds, resulting in loneliness, isolation and misery for many. Being connected, having a positive identity, continuing to contribute to the fabric of society are essential to positive healthy ageing, increased life expectancy and overall life satisfaction fundamental to wellbeing. As such, a whole of population approach focussing on social networks and relationships is a move towards social and collective responsibility for the wellbeing of our increasingly ageing population. To achieve this requires a re-imagination of aged services and communities to embrace network centred care and improve our elders wellbeing and enjoyment of life. The 10k initiative was an innovative community development and network centred approach to aged care and was a collaboration between Southern Cross Care, The GroundSwell Project and Western Sydney University. The study took place in an aged care facility in the Western Suburbs of Sydney NSW. The goal of the project was to develop an effective community development model for the aged care sector with applicability to residential aged care. Methods involved social network mapping, interviews and focus groups with residents, families, staff and community members before, during and after placement of an embedded community development worker. This report documents the identified barriers and opportunities associated with a community development model. New knowledge has been generated detailing what is required to address our elders shrinking social worlds and to increase their overall wellbeing through maintaining and expanding social networks and relationships while they are living in an institutionalised setting.
Digital preservation and the flow of information in a digital environment: Towards sound conceptual and modeling foundations for digital preservation
Creators: name: Sacchi, Simone
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Information science

description: This poster presents the first component of a formal framework for digital preservation. Digital resources are modeled from a cognitive perspective that addresses their communication function as information–carrying entities. Preservation expectation are expressed according to four basic units of analysis.