cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
UV Transmission in Natural Waters on Prebiotic Earth
Creators: name: Ranjan, Sukrit
name: Kufner, Corinna L.
name: Lozano, Gabriella G.
name: Todd, Zoe R.
name: Haseki, Azra
name: Sasselov, Dimitar D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultraviolet (UV) light plays a key role in surficial theories of the origin of life, and numerous studies have focused on constraining the atmospheric transmission of UV radiation on early Earth. However, the UV transmission of the natural waters in which origins-of-life chemistry (prebiotic chemistry) is postulated to have occurred is poorly constrained. In this work, we combine laboratory and literature-derived absorption spectra of potential aqueous-phase prebiotic UV absorbers with literature estimates of their concentrations on early Earth to constrain the prebiotic UV environment in marine and terrestrial natural waters, and consider the implications for prebiotic chemistry. We find that prebiotic freshwaters were largely transparent in the UV, contrary to assumptions by some models of prebiotic chemistry. Some waters, e.g., high-salinity waters like carbonate lakes, may be deficient in shortwave ($\leq220$ nm) UV flux. More dramatically, ferrous waters can be strongly UV-shielded, particularly if the Fe$^{2+}$ forms highly UV-absorbent species like Fe(CN)$_6^{4-}$. Such waters may be compelling venues for UV-averse origin-of-life scenarios, but are disfavorable for some UV-dependent prebiotic chemistries. UV light can trigger photochemistry even if attenuated through photochemical transformations of the absorber (e.g., $e^{-}_{aq}$ production from halide irradiation), which may have both constructive and destructive effects for prebiotic syntheses. Prebiotic chemistries invoking waters containing such absorbers must self-consistently account for the chemical effects of these transformations. The speciation and abundance of Fe$^{2+}$ in natural waters on early Earth is a major uncertainty, and should be prioritized for further investigation as it plays a major role in UV transmission in prebiotic natural waters.
description: Accepted to Astrobiology. Associated measurements/code: https://github.com/sukritranjan/dirty-water-1/. Comments solicited
On the Cosmic Number
Creators: name: Smith, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Quantum Mechanics
subject: 10101 Algebra and Number Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Richard Feynman said in the 80s: "There is a most profound and beautiful question associated with the observed coupling constant, e - the amplitude for a real electron to emit or absorb a real photon. It is a simple number that has been experimentally determined to be close to 0.08542455. (My physicist friends won't recognize this number, because they like to remember it as the inverse of its square: about 137.03597 with about an uncertainty of about 2 in the last decimal place. It has been a mystery ever since it was discovered more than fifty years ago, and all good theoretical physicists put this number up on their wall and worry about it.) Immediately you would like to know where this number for a coupling comes from: is it related to pi or perhaps to the base of natural logarithms? Nobody knows. It's one of the greatest damn mysteries of physics: a magic number that comes to us with no understanding by man. You might say the "hand of G-d" wrote that number, and "we don't know how He pushed his pencil." We know what kind of a dance to do experimentally to measure this number very accurately, but we don't know what kind of dance to do on the computer to make this number come out, without putting it in secretly!" In fact, Armand Wyler had pointed out in 1969 that (9/16\[Pi]3)(\[Pi]/5!)^1/4 is close to 1/137, but failed to convince anyone that his explanation of the connection -that the number is a property of a 7-dimensional space-time- was viable. In this note, it is suggested that the reason for the closeness of another expression to 1/137 is, not a numerical curiosity, but -ironically- an indicator of the truth of a multi-dimensional physical theory.
The First Large Absorption Survey in HI (FLASH): I. Science Goals and Survey Design
Creators: name: Allison, J. R.
name: Sadler, E. M.
name: Amaral, A. D.
name: An, T.
name: Curran, S. J.
name: Darling, J.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Ellison, S. L.
name: Emig, K. L.
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Garratt-Smithson, L.
name: Glowacki, M.
name: Grasha, K.
name: Koribalski, B. S.
name: Lagos, C. del P.
name: Lah, P.
name: Mahony, E. K.
name: Mao, S. A.
name: Morganti, R.
name: Moss, V. A.
name: Pettini, M.
name: Pimbblet, K. A.
name: Power, C.
name: Salas, P.
name: Staveley-Smith, L.
name: Whiting, M. T.
name: Wong, O. I.
name: Yoon, H.
name: Zheng, Z.
name: Zwaan, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the scientific goals and survey design of the First Large Absorption Survey in HI (FLASH), a wide field survey for 21-cm line absorption in neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) at intermediate cosmological redshifts. FLASH will be carried out with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope and is planned to cover the sky south of $δ\approx +40$deg at frequencies between 711.5 and 999.5MHz. At redshifts between $z = 0.4$ and $1.0$ (look back times of 4 - 8Gyr), the HI content of the Universe has been poorly explored due to the difficulty of carrying out radio surveys for faint 21-cm line emission and, at ultra-violet wavelengths, space-borne searches for Damped Lyman-$α$ absorption in quasar spectra. The ASKAP wide field of view and large spectral bandwidth, in combination with a radio-quiet site, will enable a search for absorption lines in the radio spectra of bright continuum sources over 80% of the sky. This survey is expected to detect at least several hundred intervening 21-cm absorbers, and will produce an HI-absorption-selected catalogue of galaxies rich in cool, star-forming gas, some of which may be concealed from optical surveys. Likewise, at least several hundred associated 21-cm absorbers are expected to be detected within the host galaxies of radio sources at $0.4 < z < 1.0$, providing valuable kinematical information for models of gas accretion and jet-driven feedback in radio-loud active galactic nuclei. FLASH will also detect OH 18-cm absorbers in diffuse molecular gas, megamaser OH emission, radio recombination lines, and stacked HI emission.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in PASA
Additional file 1 of Eliciting women’s preference for prenatal testing in China: a discrete choice experiment
Creators: name: Wu, Liangzhi
name: Wu, Yanxin
name: Zou, Shiqian
name: Sun, Cong
name: Chen, Junyu
name: Li, Xueyan
name: Lin, Zihang
name: Guan, Lizhi
name: Zeng, Qing
name: Zhao, Sihan
name: Liang, Jingtong
name: Chen, Rui
name: Hu, Zhiwen
name: Au, Kingyan
name: Xie, Daipeng
name: Xiao, Xiaomin
name: Ming, Wai-kit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Table A. Estimated Relative Preference Weights.
title: Reducing the climate impact of residual waste treatment: A German case study on carbon management strategies
Creators: name: Schmidt, Sarah
name: Laner, David
Publisher: name: KOBRA Universität Kassel
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 620
subject: 620
classificationCode: Deutschland
subject: Deutschland
classificationCode: Restabfall
subject: Restabfall
classificationCode: Abfallwirtschaft
subject: Abfallwirtschaft
classificationCode: Emissionsverringerung
subject: Emissionsverringerung
classificationCode: Kohlenstoff
subject: Kohlenstoff

description:
Climate neutrality goals require adapting the management of fossil carbon in waste management. This study evaluates the effectiveness of two key carbon management strategies addressing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from residual waste treatment, namely: pre-sorting residual waste in a material recovery facility to remove recyclable, carbon-rich materials (S_MRF) versus post-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) flue gas through carbon capture and storage (S_MSWI_CCS). Using residual waste management in Kassel, Germany, as a case study, GHG emissions are assessed for current and prospective scenarios, accounting for changes in waste inputs, material and energy systems, substitution choices, and uncertainties in treatment technology data. It is shown that MSWI in Kassel emits 857 kg of CO₂ per t of wet residual waste, with 31 % fossil CO₂. Carbon management strategies can reduce direct fossil CO₂ emissions by 27 % (S_MRF) or 90 % (S_MSWI_CCS) and increase the net life cycle GHG savings of residual waste management by a factor of 1.6 (S_MRF) or 2.6 (S_MSWI_CCS), respectively. S_MSWI_CCS offers the highest potential to decrease the GHG footprint of residual waste management and is least sensitive to variations in waste composition, energy and material systems, and substitution choices. Discernibly higher net GHG savings of S_MRF compared to S_MSWI_CCS can only be observed if residual waste is rich in recyclables (low separate collection). Overall, this study highlights the utility of refined scenario, uncertainty and discernability analysis in accounting for local conditions and different settings as well as potential future changes to promote environmental decision support on waste management.
The High Latitude Spectroscopic Survey on the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
Creators: name: Wang, Yun
name: Zhai, Zhongxu
name: Alavi, Anahita
name: Massara, Elena
name: Pisani, Alice
name: Benson, Andrew
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
name: Samushia, Lado
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Colbert, James
name: Doré, Olivier
name: Eifler, Tim
name: Heinrich, Chen
name: Ho, Shirley
name: Krause, Elisabeth
name: Padmanabhan, Nikhil
name: Spergel, David
name: Teplitz, Harry I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will conduct a High Latitude Spectroscopic Survey (HLSS) over a large volume at high redshift, using the near-IR grism (1.0-1.93 $μ$m, $R=435-865$) and the 0.28 deg$^2$ wide field camera. We present a reference HLSS which maps 2000 deg$^2$ and achieves an emission line flux limit of 10$^{-16}$ erg/s/cm$^2$ at 6.5$σ$, requiring $\sim$0.6 yrs of observing time. We summarize the flowdown of the Roman science objectives to the science and technical requirements of the HLSS. We construct a mock redshift survey over the full HLSS volume by applying a semi-analytic galaxy formation model to a cosmological N-body simulation, and use this mock survey to create pixel-level simulations of 4 deg$^2$ of HLSS grism spectroscopy. We find that the reference HLSS would measure $\sim$ 10 million H$α$ galaxy redshifts that densely map large scale structure at $z=1-2$ and 2 million [OIII] galaxy redshifts that sparsely map structures at $z=2-3$. We forecast the performance of this survey for measurements of the cosmic expansion history with baryon acoustic oscillations and the growth of large scale structure with redshift space distortions. We also study possible deviations from the reference design, and find that a deep HLSS at $f_{\rm line}>7\times10^{-17}$erg/s/cm$^2$ over 4000 deg$^2$ (requiring $\sim$1.5 yrs of observing time) provides the most compelling stand-alone constraints on dark energy from Roman alone. This provides a useful reference for future optimizations. The reference survey, simulated data sets, and forecasts presented here will inform community decisions on the final scope and design of the Roman HLSS.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, ApJ submitted
An Intensity Mapping Constraint on the CO-Galaxy Cross Power Spectrum at Redshift ~ 3
Creators: name: Keenan, Ryan P.
name: Keating, Garrett K.
name: Marrone, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance of cold molecular gas plays a crucial role in models of galaxy evolution. While deep spectroscopic surveys of CO emission lines have been a primary tool for measuring this abundance, the difficulty of these observations has motivated alternative approaches to studying molecular gas content. One technique, line intensity mapping, seeks to constrain the average molecular gas properties of large samples of individually undetectable galaxies through the CO brightness power spectrum. Here we present constraints on the cross-power spectrum between CO intensity maps and optical galaxy catalogs. This cross-measurement allows us to check for systematic problems in CO intensity mapping data, and validate the data analysis used the auto-power spectrum measurement of the CO Power Spectrum Survey. We place a 2-sigma upper limit on the band-averaged CO-galaxy cross-power of $P_x<540$ uK Mpc$^3$/h$^3$. Our measurement favors a non-zero mean CO brightness temperature at around 90% confidence and gives an upper limit on the mean molecular gas density at z~2.6 of $7.7 \times 10^8$ Msun/Mpc$^3$. We forecast the expected cross-power spectrum by applying a number of literature prescriptions for the CO luminosity to halo mass relation to a suite of mock light cones. Under the most optimistic forecasts the cross-spectrum could be detected with only moderate extensions of the data used here, while more conservative models could be detected with a factor of 10 increase in sensitivity. Ongoing CO intensity mapping experiments will target fields allowing extensive cross correlation analysis and should reach the sensitivity required to detect the cross-spectrum signal.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Additional file 1 of Relationship between family-related factors and functional constipation among Chinese preschoolers: a case–control study
Creators: name: Niu, Yushuo
name: Liu, Ting
name: Ran, Ni
name: Li, Kuinan
name: Sun, Yaru
name: Wang, Xin
name: Guo, Kun
name: Yang, Xiuling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. General information questionnaire.
Gravitational wave background from mergers of large primordial black holes
Creators: name: Deng, Heling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Peters formula, which tells how the coalescence time of a binary system emitting gravitational radiation is determined by the initial size and shape of the elliptic orbit, is often used in estimating the merger rate of primordial black holes and the gravitational wave background from the mergers. Valid as it is in some interesting scenarios, such as the analysis of the LIGO-Virgo events, the Peters formula fails to describe the coalescence time if the orbital period of the binary exceeds the value given by the formula. This could underestimate the event rate of mergers that occur before the cosmic time $t\sim 10^{13}\ \text{s}$. As a result, the energy density spectrum of the gravitational wave background could develop a peak, which is from mergers occurring at either $t\sim 10^{13}\ \text{s}$ (for black holes with mass $M\gtrsim 10^8 M_\odot$) or $t\sim 10^{26}(M/M_\odot)^{-5/3}\ \text{s}$ (for $10^5 M_\odot \lesssim M\lesssim 10^8 M_\odot$). This can be used to constrain the fraction of dark matter in primordial black holes (denoted by $f$) if potential probes (such as SKA and U-DECIGO) do not discover such a background, with the result $f\lesssim 10^{-6}\text{-}10^{-4}$ for the mass range $10\text{-} 10^9M_\odot$. We then consider the effect of mass accretion onto primordial black holes at redshift $z\sim 10$, and find that the merger rate could drop significantly at low redshifts. The spectrum of the gravitational wave background thus gets suppressed at the high-frequency end. This feature might be captured by future detectors such as ET and CE for initial mass $M= \mathcal{O}(10\text{-}100) M_\odot$ with $f\gtrsim 10^{-4}$.
description: 22 pages and 4 figures in REVTeX 4
Interferometric imaging of Intensely Radiating Negative Leaders
Creators: name: Scholten, Olaf
name: Hare, Brian M.
name: Dwyer, Joe
name: Liu, Ningyu
name: Sterpka, Chris
name: Kolmasov, Ivana
name: Santolik, Ondrej
name: Lan, Radek
name: Uhlir, Ludek
name: Buitink, Stijn
name: Huege, Tim
name: Nelles, Anna
name: ter Veen, Sander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The common phenomenon of lightning still harbors many secrets and only recently a new propagation mode was observed for negative leaders. While propagating in this `Intensely Radiating Negative Leader' (IRNL) mode a negative leader emits 100 times more very-high frequency (VHF) and broadband radiation than a more normal negative leader. We have reported that this mode occurs soon after initiation of all lightning flashes we have mapped as well as sometimes long thereafter. Because of the profuse emission of VHF the leader structure is very difficult to image. In this work we report on measurements made with the LOFAR radio telescope, an instrument primarily built for radio-astronomy observations. For this reason, as part of the present work, we have refined our time resolved interferometric 3-Dimensional (TRI-D) imaging to take into account the antenna function. The images from the TRI-D imager show that during an IRNL there is an ionization front with a diameter in excess of 500~m where strong corona bursts occur. This is very different from what is seen for a normal negative leader where the corona bursts happen at the tip, an area of typically 10~m in diameter. The observed massive ionization wave supports the idea that this mode is indicative of a dense charge pocket.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 2 of Relationship between family-related factors and functional constipation among Chinese preschoolers: a case–control study
Creators: name: Niu, Yushuo
name: Liu, Ting
name: Ran, Ni
name: Li, Kuinan
name: Sun, Yaru
name: Wang, Xin
name: Guo, Kun
name: Yang, Xiuling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 2. Test for normality of continuous variables.
Towards top-down holographic composite Higgs: minimal coset from maximal supergravity
Creators: name: Elander, Daniel
name: Piai, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the context of top-down holography, we study a one-parameter family of regular background solutions of maximal gauged supergravity in seven dimensions, dimensionally reduced on a 2-torus. The dual, four-dimensional confining field theory realises the global (spontaneous as well as explicit) symmetry breaking pattern SO(5)->SO(4). We compute the complete mass spectrum for the fluctuations of the 128 bosonic degrees of freedom of the five-dimensional gravity theory, which correspond to scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axial-vector, and tensor bound states of the dual field theory, and includes particles with exotic SO(4) quantum numbers. We confirm the existence of tachyonic instabilities near the boundaries of the parameter space. We discuss the interplay between explicit and spontaneous symmetry breaking. The SO(5)/SO(4) coset might provide a first step towards the realisation of a calculable framework and ultraviolet completion of minimal composite Higgs models, if the four pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons are identified with the real components of the Higgs doublet in the standard model (SM), and a subgroup of SO(4) with the SU(2)xU(1) SM gauge group. We exhibit an example with an additional localised boundary term that mimics the effect of a weakly-coupled external sector.
description: Version accepted for publication
Efficient semiquantum key distribution based on single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Ye, Tian-Yu
name: Geng, Mao-Jie
name: Xu, Tian-Jie
name: Chen, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose an efficient semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol which is based on single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. This protocol is feasible for a quantum communicant distributing a random private key to a classical communicant. This protocol needn't require the classical communicant to use any quantum memory or unitary operation equipment. We validate the complete robustness of the transmissions of single photons between two communicants. It turns out that during these transmissions, if Eve wants not to be detected by two communicants, she will obtain nothing useful about the final shared key bits. Compared with Boyer et al.'s famous pioneering SQKD protocol (Phys Rev Lett, 2007, 99:140501), this protocol has double quantum communication capacity, as one single photon with two degrees of freedom for generating the key bits can carry two private bits; and this protocol has higher quantum communication efficiency, as it consumes less qubits for establishing a private key of the same length. Compared with the only existing SQKD protocol with single photons in two degrees of freedom (Int J Theor Phys, 2020, 59: 2807), this protocol has higher quantum communication efficiency.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Peer Collaborative Learning for Polyphonic Sound Event Detection
Creators: name: Endo, Hayato
name: Nishizaki, Hiromitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes that semi-supervised learning called peer collaborative learning (PCL) can be applied to the polyphonic sound event detection (PSED) task, which is one of the tasks in the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) challenge. Many deep learning models have been studied to find out what kind of sound events occur where and for how long in a given audio clip. The characteristic of PCL used in this paper is the combination of ensemble-based knowledge distillation into sub-networks and student-teacher model-based knowledge distillation, which can train a robust PSED model from a small amount of strongly labeled data, weakly labeled data, and a large amount of unlabeled data. We evaluated the proposed PCL model using the DCASE 2019 Task 4 datasets and achieved an F1-score improvement of about 10% compared to the baseline model.
description: Submitted to ICASSP 2022
Additional file 2 of Mir-20a-5p induced WTX deficiency promotes gastric cancer progressions through regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Ye, Danli
name: Shen, Peng
name: Liu, Xiaorong
name: Zhou, Peirong
name: Zhu, Guifang
name: Xu, Yangwei
name: Fu, Yun
name: Li, Xuanqi
name: Sun, Jingbo
name: Xu, Jia
name: Zhang, Qingling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. WTX inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation. a The top 20 hits from the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified using AGS. W & AGS.veh microarray data. b-c The top 20 hits from the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis performed with GSE34715.
Removing Interlopers From Intensity Mapping Probes Of Primordial Non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Chen, Chang
name: Pullen, Anthony R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Line intensity mapping (LIM) has the potential to produce highly precise measurements of scale-dependence bias from primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) due to its ability to map much larger volumes than are available from galaxy surveys. PNG parameterized by $f_{NL}$ leads to a scale-dependent correction to the bias, and therefore a correction to the line intensity power spectrum. However, LIM experiences contamination from foreground emission, including interloping emission lines from other redshifts which alter the power spectra of the maps at these scales, potentially biasing measurements of $f_{NL}$. Here we model the effect of line interlopers on upcoming line intensity mapping probes of primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) from inflation. As an example, we consider the $[\rm CII]$ line at target redshift $z_t = 3.6$ to probe PNG, with the important systematic concern being foreground contamination from CO lines residing at redshifts different from the target redshift. We find interloper lines can lead to a significant bias and an increase in errors for our PNG constraints, leading to a false positive for non-standard inflation models. We model how well the cross-correlation technique could reduce this interloper contamination. We find the uncertainty of $f_{NL}$ reduces by factors of two and six for local and orthogonal shape PNG respectively, and by a factor of five for local shape if we consider seven interloper lines, almost eliminating the effect of interlopers. This work shows that using cross-power and auto-power spectra of line intensity maps jointly could potentially remove the effects of interlopers when measuring non-Gaussianity.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Detection of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition via Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Contessi, D.
name: Ricci, E.
name: Recati, A.
name: Rizzi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of phase transitions in quantum many-body systems with lowest possible prior knowledge of their details is among the most rousing goals of the flourishing application of machine-learning techniques to physical questions. Here, we train a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) with the Entanglement Spectrum of a system bipartition, as extracted by means of Matrix Product States ansätze. We are able to identify gapless-to-gapped phase transitions in different one-dimensional models by looking at the machine inability to reconstruct outsider data with respect to the training set. We foresee that GAN-based methods will become instrumental in anomaly detection schemes applied to the determination of phase-diagrams.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 3 of Mir-20a-5p induced WTX deficiency promotes gastric cancer progressions through regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Ye, Danli
name: Shen, Peng
name: Liu, Xiaorong
name: Zhou, Peirong
name: Zhu, Guifang
name: Xu, Yangwei
name: Fu, Yun
name: Li, Xuanqi
name: Sun, Jingbo
name: Xu, Jia
name: Zhang, Qingling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S3. MiR-20a-5p is upregulated in GC. a Based on analysis of the GSE94882 dataset, the ratio (N/C) of miRNA expression in 5 pairs of GC (C) and adjacent normal mucosal tissues (N). b Volcano plot of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in the GSE94882 dataset. DEMs with Log2 Fold Change > 1 and P < 0.05 were labelled red; DEMs with Log2 Fold Change < − 1 and P < 0.05 were labelled green. c Predicted miR-20a-5p target sequence in WTX-3’UTR (Wt) and a mutant containing 3 mutated nucleotides in the seed sequence of miR-20a-5p (Mut). d RT-PCR analyses of miR-20a-5p expression in GC cell lines. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, means±SD, n = 3. Two-tailed Student’s t-test. e MiRNA expression heatmap of GC and adjacent normal mucosal tissues based on the GSE93415 dataset. T: Tumour, Healthy: H. n = 20. f Volcano plot of DEMs in GC and adjacent normal mucosal tissues based on the GSE93415 dataset. DEMs with Log2 Fold Change > 1 and P < 0.05 are labelled red; DEMs with Log2 Fold Change < − 1 and P < 0.05 are labelled green. g MiR-20a-5p expression in the GSE23739 dataset. means±SD, n = 40. Two-tailed Student’s t-test. h MiR-20a-5p expression in GC and matched normal tissues based on TCGA. means±SD, n = 41. Two-tailed Student’s t-test.
Flavored Gauge-Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking Models with Discrete Non-Abelian Symmetries
Creators: name: Eu, Shu Tian
name: Everett, Lisa L.
name: Garon, Todd
name: Leonard, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate flavored gauge mediation models in which the Higgs and messenger doublets are embedded in multiplets of the discrete non-Abelian symmetry S3. In these theories, the S3 symmetry correlates the flavor structure of the quark and lepton Yukawa couplings with the structure of the messenger Yukawa couplings that contribute to the soft supersymmetry breaking mass parameters. We provide a systematic exploration of possible scenarios within this framework that can accommodate hierarchical quark and charged lepton masses, and examine the resulting phenomenological implications in each case. We find a heavier spectrum for the superpartner masses compared to flavored gauge mediation models controlled by Abelian symmetries, which can be directly traced back to the need in our scenarios for two vectorlike pairs of messenger fields for viable electroweak symmetry breaking.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 5 of Mir-20a-5p induced WTX deficiency promotes gastric cancer progressions through regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Ye, Danli
name: Shen, Peng
name: Liu, Xiaorong
name: Zhou, Peirong
name: Zhu, Guifang
name: Xu, Yangwei
name: Fu, Yun
name: Li, Xuanqi
name: Sun, Jingbo
name: Xu, Jia
name: Zhang, Qingling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S5. Mutual downstream pathway of WTX and miR-20a-5p. a Data processing scheme of gene expression profiling for GC obtained from TCGA. b Volcano plot of DEGs in GC with high miR-20a-5p expression and matched normal tissues obtained from TCGA. DEGs with |Log2 Fold Change| > 1 and P < 0.01 are labelled red, while other DEGs are labelled black. c A heatmap based on 46 overlapping genes of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in GC with high miR-20a-5p expression and matched normal tissues obtained from TCGA.
Additional file 1 of Mir-20a-5p induced WTX deficiency promotes gastric cancer progressions through regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Ye, Danli
name: Shen, Peng
name: Liu, Xiaorong
name: Zhou, Peirong
name: Zhu, Guifang
name: Xu, Yangwei
name: Fu, Yun
name: Li, Xuanqi
name: Sun, Jingbo
name: Xu, Jia
name: Zhang, Qingling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. WTX negatively regulates GC migration and proliferation. a-b Western blot analysis of WTX expression in the indicated cell lines. GAPDH is shown as a loading control. c-d Transwell migration analyses of the indicated cell lines. means±SD, n = 3. Two-tailed Student’s t-test. e-h Wound-healing analyses of the migration of the indicated cell lines. means±SD, n = 3. Two-tailed Student’s t-test. i Images of subcutaneous tumours formed by the indicated cell lines. n = 3. j Growth curves of subcutaneous tumours formed by the indicated cell lines. *P < 0.05, means±SD, n = 7. Two-tailed Student’s t-test. k Weight analysis of subcutaneous tumours formed by the indicated cell lines. ***P < 0.001, means±SD, n = 7. Two-tailed Student’s t-test.
Challenges for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Particle Physics
Creators: name: Fraser, Katherine
name: Homiller, Samuel
name: Mishra, Rashmish K.
name: Ostdiek, Bryan
name: Schwartz, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomaly detection relies on designing a score to determine whether a particular event is uncharacteristic of a given background distribution. One way to define a score is to use autoencoders, which rely on the ability to reconstruct certain types of data (background) but not others (signals). In this paper, we study some challenges associated with variational autoencoders, such as the dependence on hyperparameters and the metric used, in the context of anomalous signal (top and $W$) jets in a QCD background. We find that the hyperparameter choices strongly affect the network performance and that the optimal parameters for one signal are non-optimal for another. In exploring the networks, we uncover a connection between the latent space of a variational autoencoder trained using mean-squared-error and the optimal transport distances within the dataset. We then show that optimal transport distances to representative events in the background dataset can be used directly for anomaly detection, with performance comparable to the autoencoders. Whether using autoencoders or optimal transport distances for anomaly detection, we find that the choices that best represent the background are not necessarily best for signal identification. These challenges with unsupervised anomaly detection bolster the case for additional exploration of semi-supervised or alternative approaches.
description: 22 + 2 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 4 of Mir-20a-5p induced WTX deficiency promotes gastric cancer progressions through regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Ye, Danli
name: Shen, Peng
name: Liu, Xiaorong
name: Zhou, Peirong
name: Zhu, Guifang
name: Xu, Yangwei
name: Fu, Yun
name: Li, Xuanqi
name: Sun, Jingbo
name: Xu, Jia
name: Zhang, Qingling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S4. MiR-20a-5p regulates GC proliferation and migration. a-b RT-PCR analysis of miR-20a-5p expression in the indicated cell lines. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, means±SD, n = 3. Two-tailed Student’s t-test. c-d Representative images from wound-healing assays of the indicated cell lines. e Statistical analysis of ISH staining scores of miR-20a-5p expression in subcutaneous tumours formed by the indicated cells. means±SD, n = 7. Two-tailed Student’s t-test. f-h Statistical analysis of IHC staining scores for WTX, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expression in subcutaneous tumours formed by the indicated cells. means±SD, n = 7. Two-tailed Student’s t-test. i-j The percentage of cells staining positive for Ki-67 in subcutaneous tumours. means±SD, n = 7. Two-tailed Student’s t-test.
Modulaciones Analógicas
Creators: name: Nuñez, Luis Fernando Salas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: MODULACIONES ANALÓGICAS
Las señales de banda base producidas por diferentes fuentes de información no son siempre adecuadas para la transmisión directa a través de un canal dado. Estas señales son en ocasiones muy modificadas para facilitar su transmisión, este proceso es al que llamamos modulación, La modificación en un proceso esencial para transmitir señales de forma eficiente y económica.
$S^5$: The Orbital and Chemical Properties of One Dozen Stellar Streams
Creators: name: Li, Ting S.
name: Ji, Alexander P.
name: Pace, Andrew B.
name: Erkal, Denis
name: Koposov, Sergey E.
name: Shipp, Nora
name: Da Costa, Gary S.
name: Cullinane, Lara R.
name: Kuehn, Kyler
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Mackey, Dougal
name: Simpson, Jeffrey D.
name: Zucker, Daniel B.
name: Ferguson, Peter S.
name: Martell, Sarah L.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Balbinot, Eduardo
name: Tavangar, Kiyan
name: Drlica-Wagner, Alex
name: De Silva, Gayandhi M.
name: Simon, Joshua D.
name: Collaboration, S5
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the kinematic, orbital, and chemical properties of 12 stellar streams with no evident progenitors, using line-of-sight velocities and metallicities from the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey ($S^5$), proper motions from $Gaia$ EDR3, and distances derived from distance tracers or the literature. This data set provides the largest homogeneously analyzed set of streams with full 6D kinematics and metallicities. All streams have heliocentric distances between ${\sim}10-50$ kpc. The velocity and metallicity dispersions show that half of the stream progenitors were disrupted dwarf galaxies (DGs), while the other half originated from disrupted globular clusters (GCs), hereafter referred to as DG and GC streams. Based on the mean metallicities of the streams and the mass-metallicity relation, the luminosities of the progenitors of the DG streams range between Carina and Ursa Major I ($-9.5\lesssim M_V\lesssim-5.5$). Four of the six GC streams have mean metallicities of [Fe/H]$< -2$, more metal-poor than typical Milky Way (MW) GCs at similar distances. Interestingly, the 300S and Jet GC streams are the only streams on retrograde orbits in our dozen stream sample. Finally, we compare the orbital properties of the streams with known DGs and GCs in the MW, finding several possible associations. Some streams appear to have been accreted with the recently discovered Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage system, and others suggest that GCs were formed in and accreted together with the progenitors of DG streams whose stellar masses are similar to Draco to Carina ($\sim10^5-10^6M_\odot$).
description: 24 pages, 8 Figures, 2 Tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Thought Graph: Generating Thought Process for Biological Reasoning
Creators: name: Hsu, Chi-Yang
name: Cox, Kyle
name: Xu, Jiawei
name: Tan, Zhen
name: Zhai, Tianhua
name: Hu, Mengzhou
name: Pratt, Dexter
name: Chen, Tianlong
name: Hu, Ziniu
name: Ding, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present the Thought Graph as a novel framework to support complex reasoning and use gene set analysis as an example to uncover semantic relationships between biological processes. Our framework stands out for its ability to provide a deeper understanding of gene sets, significantly surpassing GSEA by 40.28% and LLM baselines by 5.38% based on cosine similarity to human annotations. Our analysis further provides insights into future directions of biological processes naming, and implications for bioinformatics and precision medicine.
description: 4 pages. Accepted by Web Conf 2024
INVESTIGATING THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS` REFLECTIVENESS AND TEACHING EXPERIENCE
Creators: name: Mahmoodi-Shahrebabaki, Masoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200401 Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Interest in language teacher reflection has grown massively after the emergence of postmethod era. This study aims to explore the potential associations between teacher reflectiveness and experience among EFL teachers. To this end, a standard English Language Teaching Reflection Inventory (ELTRI) was employed to measure the reflectiveness of 179 English language teachers. The results revealed that there is a negative correlation between
teaching experience of teachers and their reflectiveness that is aligned with the tacit claims of Cognitive Consistency Theories, specifically Congruity Theory. It is suggested that as teachers grow more experienced, they tend to become more stabilized in their instructional praxis. The findings of this study bear important implications for those who are in the realm of teaching in general and language teaching in particular.
Top-quark mass effects in H+jet and H+2 jets production
Creators: name: Chen, X.
name: Huss, A.
name: Jones, S. P.
name: Kerner, M.
name: Lang, J. -N.
name: Lindert, J. M.
name: Zhang, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of Higgs boson production via gluon-gluon fusion in association with one or two additional jets at next-to-leading order in QCD. The calculation of H+jet is exact in the treatment of the top-quark mass, whereas for the H+2 jets calculation the two-loop virtual amplitudes are approximated via a reweighting with leading-order mass effects, while keeping all top-quark mass effects in the real radiation contributions. For H+jet production, this study extends a previous calculation, revealing an error in the previous results. For total and differential cross sections, we present new results and compare the QCD corrections with the infinite top-mass limit, for which we find a strikingly good agreement if all amplitudes are rescaled by the leading-order mass dependence.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
On Epsilon Factorized Differential Equations for Elliptic Feynman Integrals
Creators: name: Frellesvig, Hjalte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we develop and demonstrate a method to obtain epsilon factorized differential equations for elliptic Feynman integrals. This method works by choosing an integral basis with the property that the period matrix obtained by integrating the basis over a complete set of integration cycles is diagonal. The method is a generalization of a similar method known to work for polylogarithmic Feynman integrals. We demonstrate the method explicitly for a number of Feynman integral families with an elliptic highest sector.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures. Matches the published version
Prospect of Detecting X-Ray Halos Around Middle-Aged Pulsars with eROSITA
Creators: name: Li, Ben
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of extended TeV $γ$-ray emission (dubbed "TeV halos") from Geminga and Monogem pulsars by HAWC collaboration implies that the halo-like morphologies around middle-aged pulsars may be common. The $γ$-rays above 10 TeV are thought to arise from inverse Compton (IC) scattering of relativistic electrons/positrons in the pulsar halos off cosmic microwave background photons. In the meanwhile, these electrons and positrons can produce X-ray synchrotron emission in the interstellar magnetic field, resulting in a diffuse emission in the X-ray band (namely X-ray halos). Here, we study the prospect of detecting X-ray halos with eROSITA from 10 middle-aged pulsars with characteristic age larger than tens of thousands of years in the ATNF pulsar catalog. Assuming a benchmark value (i.e., $B = 3 \rm \, μG$) for the magnetic field, most of the X-ray halos are found to be bright enough to be detectable by eROSITA in the energy range of 0.5-2 keV during its four-year all-sky survey. Among these pulsar halos, three are supposed to produce X-ray fluxes above the eROSITA sensitivity of the first all-sky survey. Given the good angular resolution and the large field of view, eROSITA is expected to be able to measure the spatial distribution of the X-ray halos from sub-pc scale up to tens of pc scale. The intensity profiles of the X-ray halos are very useful to constrain the magnetic field and the energy-dependence of the diffusion coefficient in the pulsar halos.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, submitted to MNRAS
Note on the Stizhok hoard (Ukraine). Coins with Asprokastron countermarks and Wallachian ducats
Creators: name: Petrov, Alexander
name: Dergaciova, Lilia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 210102 Archaeological Science
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 210199 Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: 210105 Archaeology of Europe, the Mediterranean and the Levant
subject: History
subject: 219999 History and Archaeology not elsewhere classified

description: In the summer of 2011, the first author of this article obtained twenty four silver coins at an European auction. Most of these silver coins were with 15th century countermarks. During the following cataloguing of the newly arrived collection, it became clear that the coins came from one place, almost certainly a hoard. A dialogue with the dealers at the auction house led to a treasure hunter, who had discovered a clay pot in Western Ukraine in spring 2011, using a metal detector. This severely cracked pot contained the coins that later were purchased at the auction.