cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Average entanglement dynamics in open two-qubit systems with continuous monitoring
Creators: name: Guevara, Ivonne
name: Viviescas, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive implementation of the quantum trajectory theory for the description of the entanglement dynamics in a Markovian open quantum system made of two qubits. We introduce the average concurrence to characterize the entanglement in the system and derive a deterministic evolution equation for it that depends on the ways information is read from the environment. This builded in flexibility of the method is used to address two actual issues in quantum information: entanglement protection and entanglement estimation. We identify general physical situations in which an entanglement protection protocol based on local monitoring of the environment can be implemented. Additionally, we methodically find unravelings of the system dynamics providing analytical tight bounds for the unmonitored entanglement in the system at all times. We conclude by showing the independence of the method on the choice of entanglement measure.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals into rotating boson stars: nonintegrability, chaos, and transient resonances
Creators: name: Destounis, Kyriakos
name: Angeloni, Federico
name: Vaglio, Massimo
name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativity predicts that black holes are described by the Kerr metric, which has integrable geodesics. This property is crucial to produce accurate waveforms from extreme-mass-ratio inspirals. Astrophysical environments, modifications of gravity and new fundamental fields may lead to nonintegrable geodesics, inducing chaotic effects. We study geodesics around self-interacting rotating boson stars and find robust evidence of nonintegrability and chaos. We identify islands of stability around resonant orbits, where the orbital radial and polar oscillation frequency ratios, known as rotation numbers, remain constant throughout the island. These islands are generically present both in the exterior and the interior of compact boson stars. A monotonicity change of rotation curves takes place as orbits travel from the exterior to the interior of the star. Therefore, configurations with neutron-star-like compactness can support degenerate resonant islands. This anomaly is reported here for the first time and it is not present in black holes. Such configurations can also support extremely prolonged resonant islands that span from the exterior to the interior of the star and are shielded by thick chaotic layers. We adiabatically evolve inspirals using approximated post-Newtonian fluxes and find time-dependent plateaus in the rotation curves which are associated with island-crossing orbits. Crossings of external islands give rise to typical gravitational-wave glitches found in non-Kerr objects. Furthermore, when an inspiral is traversing an internal island that is surrounded by a thick chaotic layer, a new type of simultaneous multifrequency glitch occurs that may be detectable with space interferometers such as LISA, and can serve as evidence of an extreme-mass-ratio inspiral around a supermassive boson star.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures, minor revision, accepted for publication in PRD
Fundamental Limits of Detection in the Far Infrared
Creators: name: Denny, Sean P.
name: Suen, Jonathan Y.
name: Lubin, Philip M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fundamental limits of detection for astrophysical observations in the far infrared. Understanding these fundamental limits is critical to the planning and analysis of experiments in this region. We specifically characterize the difficulties associated with observing in the 0.1-10 THz (30-3000 μm) regime including extraterrestrial, atmospheric, and optical emission. We present signal, noise, and integration time models for selected terrestrial, aircraft, balloon, and space missions. While ground based telescopes offer the great advantage of aperture size, and hence angular resolution, they suffer from the relatively low transmission and high radiance of the atmosphere, particularly for wavelengths less than 500 μm. Space telescopes are the inverse; they are limited by a small aperture, while an airborne telescope is constrained by both. Balloon-borne telescopes provide an option over much of the band. A quantitative understanding of this is critical in comparing the sensitivity of various experiments and in planning the next generation of missions. As representative sources we use the luminous far-IR dusty galaxies NGC 958 and Mrk 231, but the same formalism can be applied to any source. In this paper we focus on continuum emission but a future paper will focus on line emission.
description: 35 pages
Asphericity of cubical presentations: the 2-dimensional case
Creators: name: Arenas, Macarena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F06, 20F67

description: We show that under suitable hypotheses, the second homotopy group of the coned-off space associated to a $C(9)$ cubical presentation is trivial, and use this to provide classifying spaces for proper actions for the fundamental groups of many quotients of square complexes admitting such cubical presentations. When the cubical presentations satisfy a condition analogous to requiring that the relators in a group presentation are not proper powers, we conclude that the corresponding coned-off space is aspherical.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure. Implemented referees' comments, accepted for publication at IMRN (section 2 of this document is omitted in the journal version); this version differs from the previous version only in that a reference has been updated
Multi-Robot Coordination and Layout Design for Automated Warehousing
Creators: name: Zhang, Yulun
name: Fontaine, Matthew C.
name: Bhatt, Varun
name: Nikolaidis, Stefanos
name: Li, Jiaoyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid progress in Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), researchers have studied how MAPF algorithms can be deployed to coordinate hundreds of robots in large automated warehouses. While most works try to improve the throughput of such warehouses by developing better MAPF algorithms, we focus on improving the throughput by optimizing the warehouse layout. We show that, even with state-of-the-art MAPF algorithms, commonly used human-designed layouts can lead to congestion for warehouses with large numbers of robots and thus have limited scalability. We extend existing automatic scenario generation methods to optimize warehouse layouts. Results show that our optimized warehouse layouts (1) reduce traffic congestion and thus improve throughput, (2) improve the scalability of the automated warehouses by doubling the number of robots in some cases, and (3) are capable of generating layouts with user-specified diversity measures. We include the source code at: https://github.com/lunjohnzhang/warehouse_env_gen_public
description: Accepted to International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2023. The paper can be found at IJCAI 2023 proceeding at https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0611
Acyl and decarbonylative cross-coupling of amides and carboxylic acids
Creators: name: Liu, Chengwei
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: The amide bond represents one of the most important functional motifs in chemistry and biology. However, despite the central role of amides as ubiquitous pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry and common intermediates in organic synthesis, transition-metal-catalyzed transformations of amides by N–C bond activation have remained largely unexplored. The major reason is that high activation energy is required for the N–C(O) bond scission due to nN→π*C=O conjugation (amide bond resonance of 15-20 kcal/mol in planar amides, ca. 40% double bond character). Our group has introduced a new generic mode of activation of amide bonds by geometric distortion, whereby metal insertion into an inert amide bond can proceed effectively if the classic Pauling’s amide bond resonance has been disrupted. During my Ph.D. research, we have successfully developed new classes of reactive amides as well as established previously unknown transition-metal-catalyzed transformations of amides and related electrophiles using ground-state-destabilization concept.The focus of this thesis is on three major areas: (1) the use of amides as acyl electrophiles in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura acyl cross-coupling reactions; (2) the use of amides as aryl electrophiles in transition-metal-catalyzed aryl cross-coupling reactions; (3) the development of carboxylic acids as aryl electrophiles in transition-metal-catalyzed decarbonylative cross-coupling reactions by a redox-neutral manifold. Overall, these studies have demonstrated the potential of amides as acyl and aryl electrophiles and carboxylic acids as aryl electrophiles in catalytic cross-coupling reactions of broad synthetic interest.
Symplectic Deformations of Integrable Field Theories and AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Hollowood, Timothy J.
name: Miramontes, J. Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic integrable field theories like the sine-Gordon equation have an infinite set of conserved charges. In a light-front formalism these conserved charges are closely related to the integrable modified KdV hierarchy at the classical level. The latter hierarchy admits a family of symplectic structures which we argue can be viewed as deformations of the relativistic sine-Gordon symplectic structure. These deformed theories are integrable but no longer relativistic and the basic excitations of the theory, the solitons, have an interesting non-relativistic dispersion relation that in a certain limit becomes the dispersion relation of dyonic giant magnons of string theory in the AdS/CFT correspondence. We argue that the deformed classical theories can be lifted to quantum theories when the sine-Gordon theory is embedded in a larger theory that describes the string world-sheet sigma model in AdS(5)xS(5).
description: 4 pages
Proceso de co-creación en las Comunidades de Prácticas DWC
Creators: name: Wehbe, Marianne
name: Bea, Manuel
name: Güemez, Elena Goicolea
name: Goicolea, Juan
name: Gunn, Elena López
name: Caradot, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: El proyecto Digital Water City (DWC) tiene como objetivo desarrollar soluciones digitales avanzadas e innovadoras para la infraestructura de agua y saneamiento en Europa, a través de un enfoque participativo. Implementado en cinco ciudades europeas (París, Milán, Berlín, Copenhague, Sofía), el proyecto desarrolla estas soluciones para infraestructuras de agua y saneamiento, a través de una colaboración participativa entre agentes. El proceso de participación se ha hecho a través de la implementación y puesta en marcha de Comunidades de práctica (CoP). Estos grupos están formados por partes interesadas públicas, privadas y académicas de diferentes orígenes, campos y experiencia, con el objetivo común de contribuir en el desarrollo, juntos, de soluciones digitales. Durante estas CoPs, se ha hecho un intercambio efectivo de conocimientos entre ciudades (intercambio de aprendizaje) y entre proyectos DWC y paquetes de trabajo técnico (con énfasis en la fertilización cruzada). Para DWC, el establecimiento de comunidades de práctica fue el elemento central del proyecto. El objetivo era lograr un enfoque verdaderamente interdisciplinario y transdisciplinario a través de la integración de la investigación científica de varias disciplinas, pero también del conocimiento no académico y no formalizado, a través de un proceso de co-creación. Esto implica que las CoP pueden participar tanto en la formulación de objetivos como en los resultados esperados. A mitad del proyecto se realizó una evaluación de la co-creación compartiendo un cuestionario con las ciudades para conocer, entre otras cuestiones, si las actividades realizadas en las CoPs contribuyeron a mejorar el desarrollo de innovaciones digitales y si esta co-creación (a través de la participación de la CoP) está generando nuevas oportunidades de cooperación con otras partes interesadas. Los resultados indican que el 25% de los participantes considera que el proceso de co-creación ha contribuido al desarrollo de soluciones definitivamente, el 25% no exactamente, y el 50% que sí pero que está en proceso. Por otra parte, 75% de los participantes opinan que la co-creación ha permitido generar nuevas oportunidades de participación.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 820954.
Une neuroscience en action : une mise à jour de la psychopathie
Creators: name: Bouchard, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2023
Subjects: Neuroscience
Psychopathie
Science en action
Kent kiehl

description: La définition de la psychopathie évolue depuis plus de 100 ans (Côté, 2000), mais elle demeure passablement controversée. En parcourant les recherches scientifiques sur le concept de la psychopathie, nous pouvons observer qu’il existe plusieurs controverses, mais elles n’empêchent pas que le concept continue d’être mobilisé et qu’il évolue dans divers milieux scientifiques, comme c’est aussi le cas dans les autres sphères de la société. Il est facile de tomber sur le terme « psychopathe » dans divers lieux communs comme les tribunaux, les services correctionnels, les articles scientifiques, les médias, les films, les universités, etc. Il est étonnant de constater que ce concept prolifère même s’il semble entouré de plusieurs controverses. Dans cette recherche, nous étudions un des volets de la psychopathie, soit le construit scientifique et nous nous intéressons à son évolution. Nous ciblons en particulier un effort d’en effectuer une nouvelle mise à jour par le biais de la « neurologisation ». C’est ce que fait Kent Kiehl en mobilisant l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) dans le champ scientifique de la psychopathie. Bien qu’il ne soit pas le seul à mobiliser et à relancer la science de la psychopathie, c’est à son initiative et à sa façon de faire en particulier que nous nous intéressons. Il s’agit, pour nous, d’étudier cet épisode de la « science en action » de la psychopathie en nous appuyant sur les travaux de B. Latour (2001) et en particulier sur ce qu’il appelle les cinq horizons de recherche. En nous inspirant de la théorie de l’acteur réseau, nous allons observer se déployer cette trajectoire scientifique de la psychopathie. Nous allons être en mesure de constater comment le «social» joue un rôle important dans la science, afin de construire une proposition scientifique solide qui prend l’allure d’un fait.
Conceptions and Practices of Assessment: Case Studies of Nigerian Teacher Educators
Creators: name: Raji, Monsurat Omobola
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2023
Subjects: Classroom Assessment
Conceptions of Assessment
Assessment Practices
Teacher Educators
Sociocultural Theory

description: This qualitative case study research explores the conceptions of assessment and assessment practices of five Teacher Educators [TEs] in Nigeria. Evidence points to the crucial role of teacher education in developing assessment literacy among teacher candidates. Several research findings also suggest a connection between how teacher candidates experience assessment while in teacher training and their conceptions and practices of assessment when they begin their teaching careers. This doctoral research assumed a sociocultural perspective to explore TEs’ conceptualizations of assessment, and their assessment practices drawing on three conceptual frameworks [conceptions of assessment; assessment practices; influencing factors]. Specifically, this study explored TEs’ conceptions and assessment practices, the nature of the connection between TEs’ conceptions and assessment practices, as well as influencing support and impediments to their conceptions and practices of assessment through research with five Nigerian TEs who teach a specific assessment course in teacher education programs. The five TE participants teach in teacher education programs across the three types of universities in Nigeria (federal, state, and private). Each TE represented the unit of analysis – a case, hence there were five cases in total. Data collected to analyze each TE’s case included interviews, observations of online classes, assessment samples, and the course syllabus. Data from these four sources were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Nigerian policy documents on assessment in teacher education were also reviewed to provide context to TEs’ classroom assessment practices. The results of the study revealed that the TEs hold multiple conceptions of assessment which varied across conceptions of assessment categories and co-existed interestingly within each case. Findings also suggest that generally, TEs’ assessment practices focused on summative practices with minimal formative assessment practices. Factors shaping TEs’ conceptions and assessment practices were mainly micro and meso-level factors such as large class sizes, facilities and resources for online assessment, funding for professional development, as well as collegial support and colleagues’ views on assessment. Results of this study describe in-depth, the complexities inherent in TEs’ assessment practices, as well as the sociocultural factors relating TEs’ conceptions and assessment practices in the context of Nigerian teacher education. This study contributes to what is still a very limited body of literature on conceptions of assessment and the sociocultural influences that shape TEs’ assessment practices, particularly in the Nigerian educational and research spaces.
$^4{\rm He}$+$n$+$n$ continuum within an ab initio framework
Creators: name: Romero-Redondo, Carolina
name: Quaglioni, Sofia
name: Navrátil, Petr
name: Hupin, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-lying continuum spectrum of the $^6{\rm He}$ nucleus is investigated for the first time within an ab initio framework that encompasses the $^4{\rm He}$+$n$+$n$ three-cluster dynamics characterizing its lowest decay channel. This is achieved through an extension of the no-core-shell model combined with the resonating-group method, in which energy-independent non-local interactions among three nuclear fragments can be calculated microscopically starting from realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions and consistent ab initio many-body wave functions of the clusters. The three-cluster Schrödinger equation is solved with three-body scattering boundary conditions by means of the hyperspherical-harmonic method on a Lagrange mesh. Using a soft similarity-renormalization-group evolved chiral nucleon-nucleon potential, we find the known $J^π= 2^+$ resonance as well as a result consistent with a new low-lying second $2^+$ resonance recently observed at GANIL at $2.6$ MeV above the $^6$He ground state. We also find resonances in the $2^-$, $1^+$ and $0^-$ channels, while no low-lying resonances are present in the $0^+$ and $1^-$ channels.
description: 5 pages 4 figures
Energy cost and machine learning accuracy impact of k-anonymisation and synthetic data techniques
Creators: name: de Reus, Pepijn
name: Oprescu, Ana
name: van Elsen, Koen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To address increasing societal concerns regarding privacy and climate, the EU adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and committed to the Green Deal. Considerable research studied the energy efficiency of software and the accuracy of machine learning models trained on anonymised data sets. Recent work began exploring the impact of privacy-enhancing techniques (PET) on both the energy consumption and accuracy of the machine learning models, focusing on k-anonymity. As synthetic data is becoming an increasingly popular PET, this paper analyses the energy consumption and accuracy of two phases: a) applying privacy-enhancing techniques to the concerned data set, b) training the models on the concerned privacy-enhanced data set. We use two privacy-enhancing techniques: k-anonymisation (using generalisation and suppression) and synthetic data, and three machine-learning models. Each model is trained on each privacy-enhanced data set. Our results show that models trained on k-anonymised data consume less energy than models trained on the original data, with a similar performance regarding accuracy. Models trained on synthetic data have a similar energy consumption and a similar to lower accuracy compared to models trained on the original data.
description: Published in the proceedings (Pages: 57-65) of The International Conference on Information and Communications Technology for Sustainability (ICT4S) 2023 in Rennes, France. 9 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables
Jet-Shocked H2 and CO in the Anomalous Arms of Molecular Hydrogen Emission Galaxy NGC 4258
Creators: name: Ogle, Patrick M.
name: Lanz, Lauranne
name: Appleton, Philip N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) map of H2 emission from the nearby galaxy NGC 4258 (Messier 106). The H2 emission comes from 9.4E6 Msun of warm molecular hydrogen heated to 240-1040 K in the inner anomalous arms, a signature of jet interaction with the galaxy disk. The spectrum is that of a molecular hydrogen emission galaxy (MOHEG), with a large ratio of H2 over 7.7 micron PAH emission (0.37), characteristic of shocked molecular gas. We find close spatial correspondence between the H2 and CO emission from the anomalous arms. Our estimate of cold molecular gas mass based on CO emission is 10 times greater than our estimate of 1.0E8 Msun based on dust emission. We suggest that the X(CO) value is 10 times lower than the Milky Way value because of high kinetic temperature and enhanced turbulence. The H2 disk has been overrun and is being shocked by the jet cocoon, and much of the gas originally in the disk has been ejected into the galaxy halo in an X-ray-hot outflow. We measure a modest star formation rate of 0.08 Msun/yr in the central 3.4 square kpc that is consistent with the remaining gas surface density.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Supplementary Table for "A Reappraisal of Suspicious Sonographic Features of Thyroid Nodules: Shape Is Not an Independent Predictor of Malignancy"
Creators: name: Grani, Giorgio
name: Del Gatto, Valeria
name: Cantisani, Vito
name: J Mandel, Susan
name: Durante, Cosimo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Endocrinology

description: Supplementary Table 1. Sonographic features according to the cytology report.
Buchdahl-inspired spacetimes and wormholes: Unearthing Hans Buchdahl's other 'hidden' treasure trove
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hoang Ky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circa 1962 Hans A. Buchdahl pioneered a program -- and made significant progress -- seeking vacuo configurations in pure $\mathcal{R}^{2}$ gravity [H. A. Buchdahl, Nuovo Cimento 23, 141 (1962)]. Unfortunately, he deemed the final step in his calculations impassable and prematurely suspended his pursuit. Since then, his achievements on this front have faded into dormancy. Unbeknownst to Buchdahl himself, the $\mathcal{R}^{2}$ vacua that he sought were within $\textit{his}$ striking distance. In our recent three-paper body of work published in Phys. Rev. D, we broke this six-decades-old impasse and accomplished his goal: A novel class of metrics, describing non-Schwarzschild spacetimes in quadratic gravity and carrying a hallmark of higher-derivative characteristic. Intriguing properties of Buchdahl-inspired spacetimes and their associated Morris-Thorne-Buchdahl wormholes -- summarized herein -- embody a new branch of phenomenology that transcends the Einstein-Hilbert paradigm.
description: Honorable Mention -- 2023 GRF Awards for Essays on Gravitation. Accepted for publishing in Oct 2023 Special Issue of Int.J.Mod.Phys.D
Isotropic submanifolds and the inverse problem for mechanical constrained systems
Creators: name: Barbero-Liñán, María
name: Puiggalí, Marta Farré
name: de Diego, David Martín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 49N45, 70F25, 58E30, 53D12

description: The inverse problem of the calculus of variations consists in determining if the solutions of a given system of second order differential equations correspond with the solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations for some regular Lagrangian. This problem in the general version remains unsolved. Here, we contribute to it with a novel description in terms of Lagrangian submanifolds of a symplectic manifold, also valid under some adaptation for the non-autonomous version. One of the advantages of this new point of view is that we can easily extend our description to the study of the inverse problem of the calculus of variations for second order systems along submanifolds. In this case, instead of Lagrangian submanifolds we will use isotropic submanifolds, covering both the nonholonomic and holonomic constraints for autonomous and non-autonomous systems as particular examples. Moreover, we use symplectic techniques to extend these isotropic submanifolds to Lagrangian ones, allowing us to describe the constrained solutions as solutions of a variational problem now without constraints. Mechanical examples such as the rolling disk are provided to illustrate the main results.
description: 38 pages. Comments welcome!!!
NICOL: A Neuro-inspired Collaborative Semi-humanoid Robot that Bridges Social Interaction and Reliable Manipulation
Creators: name: Kerzel, Matthias
name: Allgeuer, Philipp
name: Strahl, Erik
name: Frick, Nicolas
name: Habekost, Jan-Gerrit
name: Eppe, Manfred
name: Wermter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robotic platforms that can efficiently collaborate with humans in physical tasks constitute a major goal in robotics. However, many existing robotic platforms are either designed for social interaction or industrial object manipulation tasks. The design of collaborative robots seldom emphasizes both their social interaction and physical collaboration abilities. To bridge this gap, we present the novel semi-humanoid NICOL, the Neuro-Inspired COLlaborator. NICOL is a large, newly designed, scaled-up version of its well-evaluated predecessor, the Neuro-Inspired COmpanion (NICO). NICOL adopts NICO's head and facial expression display and extends its manipulation abilities in terms of precision, object size, and workspace size. Our contribution in this paper is twofold -- firstly, we introduce the design concept for NICOL, and secondly, we provide an evaluation of NICOL's manipulation abilities by presenting a novel extension for an end-to-end hybrid neuro-genetic visuomotor learning approach adapted to NICOL's more complex kinematics. We show that the approach outperforms the state-of-the-art Inverse Kinematics (IK) solvers KDL, TRACK-IK and BIO-IK. Overall, this article presents for the first time the humanoid robot NICOL, and contributes to the integration of social robotics and neural visuomotor learning for humanoid robots.
Strings in AdS_4 x CP^3, Wilson loops in N=6 super Chern-Simons-matter and Bremsstrahlung functions
Creators: name: Aguilera-Damia, Jeremias
name: Correa, Diego H.
name: Silva, Guillermo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find 1/6 BPS string configurations in AdS_4 x CP^3, which we identify as the duals of certain 1/6 BPS circular Wilson loops in N=6 super Chern-Simons-matter gauge theory. We use our results to verify -in the strong coupling limit- a proposal made in arXiv:1402.4128 for a relation between the expectation value of these Wilson loops and the Bremsstrahlung function from deforming 1/2 BPS Wilson lines with a cusp. We also derive an analogous relation between the expectation value of some particular 1/12 BPS Wilson loops and the Bremsstrahlung function from deforming 1/6 BPS Wilson lines with an internal space cusp.
description: 25 pages, 1 figures; v2 author ordering corrected
Emergence of a spin microemulsion in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: McGarrigle, Ethan C.
name: Delaney, Kris T.
name: Balents, Leon
name: Fredrickson, Glenn H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first numerical prediction of a "spin microemulsion" -- a phase with undulating spin domains resembling classical bicontinuous oil-water-surfactant emulsions -- in two-dimensional systems of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with isotropic Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Using field-theoretic numerical simulations, we investigated the melting of a low-temperature stripe phase with supersolid character and find that the stripes lose their superfluidity at elevated temperature and undergo a Kosterlitz--Thouless-like transition into a spin microemulsion. Momentum distribution calculations highlight a thermally broadened occupation of the Rashba circle of low-energy states with macroscopic and isotropic occupation around the ring. We provide a finite-temperature phase diagram that positions the emulsion as an intermediate, structured isotropic phase with residual quantum character before transitioning at higher temperature into a structureless normal fluid.
description: Main text: 7 pages, 5 figures. Supplementary Material: 5 pages, 5 figures
NuSTAR Discovery of a cyclotron line in KS 1947+300
Creators: name: Fuerst, Felix
name: Pottschmidt, Katja
name: Wilms, Joern
name: Kennea, Jamie
name: Bachetti, Matteo
name: Bellm, Eric
name: Boggs, Steven E.
name: Chakrabarty, Deepto
name: Christensen, Finn E.
name: Craig, William W.
name: Hailey, Charles J.
name: Harrison, Fiona
name: Stern1, Daniel
name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Walton, Dominic J.
name: Zhang, William
name: Center, Cahill
name: Caltech
name: USA
name: CSST
name: UMBC
name: USA
name: CRESST
name: GSFC
name: USA
name: Remeis-Observatory
name: ECAP
name: Germany
name: University, Penn State
name: USA
name: de Toulouse, Universite
name: France
name: CNRS
name: IRAP
name: France
name: SSL
name: UCB
name: USA
name: Astrophysics, Kavli Institute for
name: MIT
name: USA
name: Space, DTU
name: Denmark, TU
name: Denmark
name: Lab, Columbia Astrophysics
name: University, Columbia
name: USA
name: JPL
name: USA
name: GSFC
name: ASD
name: USA
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a spectral analysis of three simultaneous NuSTAR and Swift/XRT observations of the transient Be-neutron star binary KS 1947+300 taken during its outburst in 2013/2014. These broad-band observations were supported by Swift/XRT monitoring snap-shots every 3 days, which we use to study the evolution of the spectrum over the outburst. We find strong changes of the power-law photon index, which shows a weak trend of softening with increasing X-ray flux. The neutron star shows very strong pulsations with a period of P ~ 18.8 s. The 0.8-79 keV broad-band spectrum can be described by a power-law with an exponential cutoff and a black-body component at low energies. During the second observation we detect a cyclotron resonant scattering feature at 12.5 keV, which is absent in the phase-averaged spectra of observations 1 and 3. Pulse phase-resolved spectroscopy reveals that the strength of the feature changes strongly with pulse phase and is most prominent during the broad minimum of the pulse profile. At the same phases the line also becomes visible in the first and third observation at the same energy. This discovery implies that KS 1947+300 has a magnetic field strength of B ~ 1.1e12 (1+z)G, which is at the lower end of known cyclotron line sources.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Computational RNA enzymology
Creators: name: Gaines, Colin S.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: With a recent surge in experimental work being conducted on catalytic RNA enzymes - or ribozymes - there was both a need and an opportunity to develop a comprehensive approach to the computational study of small nucleolytic ribozymes. In this dissertation, this approach to Computational RNA Enzymology is detailed (Chapter 2) and then applied to two recently discovered ribozymes. In Chapter 3, molecular dynamics simulations both in crystallo and in solution, along with molecular solvation theory, are leveraged to develop a model for the active state of the twister-sister (or TS) ribozyme in solution. An end-to-end study of the twister ribozyme, utilizing the full range of techniques involved in the Computational RNA Enzymology approach, is then presented in Chapters 4 and 5. Finally, Chapter 6 discusses how the insights gained from atomically detailed models of individual ribozyme systems resulted in the discovery of a catalytic core common to a majority of naturally occurring small-nucleolytic ribozymes as well as an artificial DNAzyme. The structure-function relationships gleaned from the computational work conducted on these ribozymes not only allows for the interpretation of experimental data, but also provides for experimentally testable predictions to guide future studies. Continuing to look forward, the characterization of a generalizable structural scaffold supporting catalysis may open the door to rational design of novel therapeutics built using catalytic RNA.
Algebras with only finitely many subalgebras
Creators: name: Kosters, Michiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16P99, 13B99

description: Let R be a commutative ring. A not necessarily commutative R-algebra A is called futile if it has only finitely many R-subalgebras. In this article we relate the notion of futility to familiar properties of rings and modules. We do this by first reducing to the case where A is commutative. Then we refine the description of commutative futile algebras from Dobbs, Picavet and Picavet-L'hermite.
description: 15 pages
Slowly decaying zero mode in a weakly non-integrable boundary impurity model
Creators: name: Yeh, Hsiu-Chung
name: Cardoso, Gabriel
name: Korneev, Leonid
name: Sels, Dries
name: Abanov, Alexander G.
name: Mitra, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse field Ising model (TFIM) on the half-infinite chain possesses an edge zero mode. This work considers an impurity model -- TFIM perturbed by a boundary integrability breaking interaction. For sufficiently large transverse field, but in the ordered phase of the TFIM, the zero mode is observed to decay. The decay is qualitatively different from zero modes where the integrability breaking interactions are non-zero all along the chain. It is shown that for the impurity model, the zero mode decays by relaxing to a non-local quasi-conserved operator, the latter being exactly conserved when the opposite edge of the chain has no non-commuting perturbations so as to ensure perfect degeneracy of the spectrum. In the thermodynamic limit, the quasi-conserved operator vanishes, and a regime is identified where the decay of the zero mode obeys Fermi's Golden Rule. A toy model for the decay is constructed in Krylov space and it is highlighted how Fermi's Golden Rule may be recovered from this toy model.
Dynamics and energetics of emergent magnetic monopoles in chiral magnets
Creators: name: Schütte, Christoph
name: Rosch, Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation and destruction of topologically quantized magnetic whirls, so-called skyrmions, in chiral magnets is driven by the creation and motion of singular hedgehog defects. These can be identified with emergent magnetic monopoles and antimonopoles. We investigate how the energetics of and forces between monopoles and antimonopoles influence their creation rate and dynamics. We study a single skyrmion line defect in the helical phase using both micromagnetic simulations and a Ginzburg-Landau analysis. Monopole-antimonople pairs are created in a thermally activated process, largely controlled by the (core) energy of the monopole. The force between monopoles and antimonopoles is linear in distance and described by a string tension. The sign and size of the string tension determines the stability of the phases and the velocity of the monopoles.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Haematic Antegrade Repriming procedure to initiate a safer cardiopulmonary bypass.
Creators: name: J, Blanco-Morillo
name: Sornichero-Caballero A
name: P, Farina
name: JM, Arribas-Leal
name: L, Puis
name: Tormos-Ruiz E
name: Verdú Verdú A
name: SJ, Cánovas López
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: cardiopulmonary bypass, retrograde autologous priming, minimized extracorporeal circuit, vacuum asssited venous drainage, perfusion, cardiac surgery

description: SUMMARY: Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass is a safe technique frequently required in cardiac surgery. Despite that, it carries several undesired effects related to haemodilution, emboli and alterations on the coagulation and microcirculation. Different strategies like the minimized circuits (MiECC) or the retrograde autologous priming (RAP) have attemped to reduce its impact, but finally lead to inconsistent results as independent measures due to the heterogeneity on its practice. The haematic antegrade repriming (HAR) detailes a standardized materials and methodology that could offer a reproducible method inspired in evidence-based recommendations. Description of the technique: HAR is performed in a standardized Class IV MiECC that is reprimed antegradely with autologous blood obtained from the aorta of the patient, before the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) initiation. Then, CPB is started with the support of vacuum assisted venous drainage (VAVD). Discussion: The strict application of HAR results in a fix haemodilution of 300ml of crystalloid priming, avoiding the sudden haemodilution and the crystalloid embolism of the CPB initiation. The synergic effect that converges in HAR could exceed the evidence-based benefits of RAP, MiECC and VAVD promising to improve the outcomes in terms of transfusion, complications, stay and survival. Conclusion: HAR is proposed as a new approach to increase the safety of the CPB. Its overall benefits should be properly assessed and validated by current and further studies.
description: Improved graphics indications and procedure.
On the variation of solar flare coronal x-ray source sizes with energy
Creators: name: Jeffrey, Natasha L. S.
name: Kontar, Eduard P.
name: Bian, Nicolas H.
name: Emslie, A. Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations with {\em RHESSI} have enabled the detailed study of the structure of dense hard X-ray coronal sources in solar flares. The variation of source extent with electron energy has been discussed in the context of streaming of non-thermal particles in a one-dimensional cold-target model, and the results used to constrain both the physical extent of, and density within, the electron acceleration region. Here we extend this investigation to a more physically realistic model of electron transport that takes into account the finite temperature of the ambient plasma, the initial pitch-angle distribution of the accelerated electrons, and the effects of collisional pitch-angle scattering. The finite temperature results in the thermal diffusion of electrons, that leads to the observationally-inferred value of the acceleration region volume being an overestimate of its true value. The different directions of the electron trajectories, a consequence of both the non-zero injection pitch-angle and scattering within the target, cause the projected propagation distance parallel to the guiding magnetic field to be reduced, so that a one-dimensional interpretation can overestimate the actual density by a factor of up to $\sim 6$. The implications of these results for the determination of acceleration region properties (specific acceleration rate, filling factor, etc.) are discussed.
description: 45 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Theoretical and Experimental Challenges in the Measurement of Neutrino Mass
Creators: name: Singh, Jyotsna
name: Mirza, M. Ibrahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino masses are yet unknown. We discuss the present state of effective electron anti-neutrino mass from $β$ decay experiments; effective Majorana neutrino mass from neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments; neutrino mass squared differences from neutrino oscillation: solar, atmospheric, reactor and accelerator based experiments; sum of neutrino masses from cosmological observations. Current experimental challenges in the determination of neutrino masses are briefly discussed. The main focus is devoted to contemporary experiments.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
CO₂ storage by cyanobacteria induced biomineralization in presence of basaltic glass
Creators: name: Ferrini, Thomas
name: Grandjouan, Olivier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: carbon dioxide

description: Cyanobacteria induced biomineralization is a natural process leading to carbonate nucleation while storing CO2 from the air provided sufficient dissolved metal cations concentrations in the cell’s environment. The purpose of this study is to reproduce optimum conditions in order to precipitate calcite or magnesite in presence of cyanobacteria. Active and dead cyanobacteria stocks were prepared to compare their different impact on biomineralization. Basaltic glass was chosen as a Ca2+ and Mg2+ source, because of its abundance on Earth’s surface and its adequate dissolution rate. The Synechococcus cyanobacteria species being a major actor of natural biomineralization on Earth, it has been used in these experiments. In order to have close conditions to the natural environment, a flow through reactor system has been chosen. Different nominal electrolyte backgrounds (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mol/L NaNO3) were used to observe the NaNO3 influence in dissolution and biomineralization. Inorganic control experiment showed that any precipitation can happen in a non-alkaline environment (pH <8). Active cyanobacteria were expected to alkalize the environment by the process of photosynthesis, indirectly enhancing the carbonate CO32- formation which may react with dissolved cations to nucleate calcite CaCO3 or magnesite MgCO3. Active cells were shown to increase saturation index (SI) values with respect to both CaCO3 and MgCO3. Indeed, SI values increased from -10.56 to -9.48. However SI remains negative because of low calcium and magnesium cations activities. Dead cells were expected to act as nucleation site as their negative surface charge lead to the binding of elements such as HcO3- and metal cations to on their surface. SI values observed were closer to 0, but presence of active cyanobacteria is needed in order to alkalize the environment.
description: Bachelor Thesis
An algorithm for deciding the number of clusters and validation using simulated data with application to exploring crop population structure
Creators: name: Newell, Mark A.
name: Cook, Dianne
name: Hofmann, Heike
name: Jannink, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A first step in exploring population structure in crop plants and other organisms is to define the number of subpopulations that exist for a given data set. The genetic marker data sets being generated have become increasingly large over time and commonly are of the high-dimension, low sample size (HDLSS) situation. An algorithm for deciding the number of clusters is proposed, and is validated on simulated data sets varying in both the level of structure and the number of clusters covering the range of variation observed empirically. The algorithm was then tested on six empirical data sets across three small grain species. The algorithm uses bootstrapping, three methods of clustering, and defines the optimum number of clusters based on a common criterion, the Hubert's gamma statistic. Validation on simulated sets coupled with testing on empirical sets suggests that the algorithm can be used for a wide variety of genetic data sets.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOAS671 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Quality-based Multimodal Classification Using Tree-Structured Sparsity
Creators: name: Bahrampour, Soheil
name: Ray, Asok
name: Nasrabadi, Nasser M.
name: Jenkins, Kenneth W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent studies have demonstrated advantages of information fusion based on sparsity models for multimodal classification. Among several sparsity models, tree-structured sparsity provides a flexible framework for extraction of cross-correlated information from different sources and for enforcing group sparsity at multiple granularities. However, the existing algorithm only solves an approximated version of the cost functional and the resulting solution is not necessarily sparse at group levels. This paper reformulates the tree-structured sparse model for multimodal classification task. An accelerated proximal algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem, which is an efficient tool for feature-level fusion among either homogeneous or heterogeneous sources of information. In addition, a (fuzzy-set-theoretic) possibilistic scheme is proposed to weight the available modalities, based on their respective reliability, in a joint optimization problem for finding the sparsity codes. This approach provides a general framework for quality-based fusion that offers added robustness to several sparsity-based multimodal classification algorithms. To demonstrate their efficacy, the proposed methods are evaluated on three different applications - multiview face recognition, multimodal face recognition, and target classification.
description: To Appear in 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2014)