cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hypergravity in AdS_3
Creators: name: Zinoviev, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thirty years ago Aragone and Deser showed that in three dimensions there exists a consistent model describing interaction for massless spin-2 and spin-5/2 fields. It was crucial that these fields lived in a flat Minkowski space and as a result it was not possible to deform such model into anti-de Sitter space. In this short note we show that such deformation becomes possible provided one compliment to the model with massless spin-4 field. Resulting theory can be considered as a Chern-Simons one with a well-known supergroup OSp(1,4). Moreover there exists straightforward generalization to the OSp(1,2n) case containing a number of bosonic fields with even spins 2,4,...,2n and one fermionic field with spin n+1/2.
description: 8 pages, no figures. One reference and some comments added. Version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) mutation is a common, essential driver for Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus lymphoma
Creators: name: Sherrod, C. J.
name: Chen, W.
name: Henry, D. H.
name: Yang, D.
name: Xiong, J.
name: Dittmer, D. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an AIDS-defining cancer. It is associated with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. To date, no sequencing studies have been conducted for this cancer. We used X chromosome-targeted next-generation sequencing to identify 33 genes with coding region mutations in 100% of cases, including in interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). IRAK1 kinase modulates toll-like receptor signaling-mediated immune signaling. It binds to MyD88 adapter protein, which is mutated in a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. IRAK1, however, had not been linked to cancer. This IRAK1 mutant is constitutively active and essential for PEL survival. This highlights the importance of innate immunity signaling as drivers for cancer, particularly those caused by viruses. It also suggests IRAK1 kinase may be a potential target for therapy.
Structure and Dynamics of Cold Water Super-Earths: The Case of Occluded CH4 and its Outgassing
Creators: name: Levi, Amit
name: Sasselov, Dimitar
name: Podolak, Morris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transport of methane in the external water envelopes surrounding water-rich super-Earths and estimate its outgassing into the atmosphere. We investigate the influence of methane on the thermodynamics and mechanics of the water mantle. We find that including methane in the water matrix introduces a new phase (filled ice) resulting in hotter planetary interiors. This effect renders the super-ionic and reticulating phases accessible to relatively low mass planets lacking a H/He atmosphere. We model the thermal and structural profile of the planetary crust and discuss five possible crustal regimes. The formation of methane clathrate in the subsurface is shown to inhibit the formation of a subterranean ocean. This effect results in increased stresses on the lithosphere making modes of ice plate tectonics possible. The dynamics of the tectonic plates are analysed. We derive overturn and resurfacing time scales as well as the melt fraction underneath spreading centers. Ice mantle dynamics is found to be important for assessing the composition of the atmosphere. We formulate the relation between the outgassing flux of methane and the tectonic mode dynamics. We give numerical estimates for the global outgassing rate of methane into the atmosphere.
description: 123 pages, 27 figures, 8 tables, to be published in the astrophysical journal
Optimal Network Topology for Effective Collective Response
Creators: name: Mateo, David
name: Horsevad, Nikolaj
name: Hassani, Vahid
name: Chamanbaz, Mohammadreza
name: Bouffanais, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Natural, social, and artificial multi-agent systems usually operate in dynamic environments, where the ability to respond to changing circumstances is a crucial feature. An effective collective response requires suitable information transfer among agents, and thus is critically dependent on the agents' interaction network. In order to investigate the influence of the network topology on collective response, we consider an archetypal model of distributed decision-making---the leader-follower linear consensus---and study the collective capacity of the system to follow a dynamic driving signal (the "leader") for a range of topologies and system sizes. The analysis reveals a nontrivial relationship between optimal topology and frequency of the driving signal. Interestingly, the response is optimal when each individual interacts with a certain number of agents which decreases monotonically with the frequency and, for large enough systems, is independent of the size of the system. This phenomenology is investigated in experiments of collective motion using a swarm of land robots. The emergent collective response to both a slow- and a fast-changing leader is measured and analyzed for a range of interaction topologies. These results have far-reaching practical implications for the design and understanding of distributed systems, since they highlight that a dynamic rewiring of the interaction network is paramount to the effective collective operations of multi-agent systems at different time-scales.
Cavity-output-field control via interference effects
Creators: name: Ciornea, Viorel
name: Macovei, Mihai A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how interference effects are responsible for manipulating the output electromagnetic field of an optical micro-resonator in the good-cavity limit. The system of interest consists in a moderately strongly pumped two-level emitter embedded in the optical cavity. When an additional weaker laser of the same frequency is pumping the combined system through one of the resonator's mirrors then the output cavity electromagnetic field can be almost completely suppressed or enhanced. This is due to the interference among the scattered light by the strongly pumped atom into the cavity mode and the incident weaker laser field. The result applies to photonic crystal environments as well.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The co-evolution of black hole growth and star formation from a cross-correlation analysis between quasars and the cosmic infrared background
Creators: name: Wang, Lingyu
name: Viero, Marco
name: Ross, Nicholas P.
name: Asboth, Viktoria
name: Bethermin, Matthieu
name: Bock, Jamie
name: Clements, Dave
name: Conley, Alex
name: Cooray, Asantha
name: Farrah, Duncan
name: Hajian, Amir
name: Han, Jiaxin
name: Lagache, Guilaine
name: Marsden, Gaelen
name: Myers, Adam
name: Norberg, Peder
name: Oliver, Seb
name: Page, Mat
name: Symeonidis, Myrto
name: Schulz, Bernhard
name: Wang, Wenting
name: Zemcov, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first cross-correlation measurement between Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Type 1 quasars and the cosmic infrared background (CIB) measured by Herschel. The distribution of the quasars at 0.15=1.4) is $11.1^{+1.6}_{-1.4}$, $7.1^{+1.6}_{-1.3}$ and $3.6^{+1.4}_{-1.0}$ mJy at 250, 350 and 500 microns, respectively, while the mean sub-mm flux densities of the DR9 quasars (=2.5) is $5.7^{+0.7}_{-0.6}$, $5.0^{+0.8}_{-0.7}$ and $1.8^{+0.5}_{-0.4}$ mJy. We find that the correlated sub-mm emission includes both the emission from satellite DSFGs in the same halo as the central quasar and the emission from DSFGs in separate halos (correlated with the quasar-hosting halo). The amplitude of the one-halo term is ~10 times smaller than the sub-mm emission of the quasars, implying the the satellites have a lower star-formation rate than the quasars. The satellite fraction for the DR7 quasars is $0.008^{+0.008}_{-0.005}$ and the host halo mass scale for the central and satellite quasars is $10^{12.36\pm0.87}$ M$_{\odot}$ and $10^{13.60\pm0.38}$ M$_{\odot}$, respectively. The satellite fraction of the DR9 quasars is $0.065^{+0.021}_{-0.031}$ and the host halo mass scale for the central and satellite quasars is $10^{12.29\pm0.62}$ M$_{\odot}$ and $10^{12.82\pm0.39}$ M$_{\odot}$, respectively. Thus, the typical halo environment of the SDSS Type 1 quasars is found to be similar to that of DSFGs, which supports the generally accepted view that dusty starburst and quasar activity are evolutionarily linked.
description: 20 pages, 14 pages, submitted to MNRAS
Constructing copulas from shock models with imprecise distributions
Creators: name: Omladič, Matjaž
name: Škulj, Damjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.3

description: The omnipotence of copulas when modeling dependence given marg\-inal distributions in a multivariate stochastic situation is assured by the Sklar's theorem. Montes et al.\ (2015) suggest the notion of what they call an \emph{imprecise copula} that brings some of its power in bivariate case to the imprecise setting. When there is imprecision about the marginals, one can model the available information by means of $p$-boxes, that are pairs of ordered distribution functions. By analogy they introduce pairs of bivariate functions satisfying certain conditions. In this paper we introduce the imprecise versions of some classes of copulas emerging from shock models that are important in applications. The so obtained pairs of functions are not only imprecise copulas but satisfy an even stronger condition. The fact that this condition really is stronger is shown in Omladič and Stopar (2019) thus raising the importance of our results. The main technical difficulty in developing our imprecise copulas lies in introducing an appropriate stochastic order on these bivariate objects.
Pinning dependent field driven domain wall dynamics and thermal scaling in an ultrathin Pt/Co/Pt magnetic film
Creators: name: Gorchon, J.
name: Bustingorry, S.
name: Ferré, J.
name: Jeudy, V.
name: Kolton, A. B.
name: Giamarchi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic field-driven domain wall motion in an ultrathin Pt/Co(0.45nm)/Pt ferromagnetic film with perpendicular anisotropy is studied over a wide temperature range. Three different pinning dependent dynamical regimes are clearly identified: the creep, the thermally assisted flux flow and the depinning, as well as their corresponding crossovers. The wall elastic energy and microscopic parameters characterizing the pinning are determined. Both the extracted thermal rounding exponent at the depinning transition, $ψ=$0.15, and the Larkin length crossover exponent, $ϕ=$0.24, fit well with the numerical predictions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Artistic Expertise and Free Viewing of Modern Art
Creators: name: Sorek, Yishai
name: Nahari, Tal
name: Pertzov, Yoni
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 520406
subject: Sensory processes, perception and performance

description: Visual art and vision science had long been intertwined, both revealing and sharing countless insights on human vision over their respective histories. Deep artistic experiences and extensive artistic knowledge are often associated with “artistic expertise,” which in vision science traditionally echoes visual expertise from other professional domains (e.g., medicine, sports, driving). However, unlike other visual domains, artistic experiences involve more spontaneous and imaginative aspects, and no explicit success parameters. We hypothesized that viewing of artworks would lead to nuanced effects of expertise that may differ from other types of visual expertise. In our study, art experts and non-experts observed modern paintings and were free to view them within a relatively long time window. Higher expertise in art was associated with viewing modern paintings for significantly longer durations, and liking the paintings significantly more. However, contrary to other visual expertise studies, eye movement patterns exhibited little to no effect of artistic expertise. Based on these findings, we suggest a recontextualization of visual artistic expertise and discuss potential research directions, alongside methodological challenges in the experimental design.
title: Перистальтические насосы
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2023

description: В монографии представлены сведения о разнообразных насосах-дозаторах перистальтического действия и дозирующих устройствах на базе шлангового насоса-дозатора, как составляющих поточных технологических линий производства продукции. Рассмотрены основные вопросы конструкции и принципы работы насосов-дозаторов перистальтического действия, приведены краткие их характеристики, изложены вопросы теории и их расчета. Монография написана для работников и специалистов предприятий по переработке сельскохозяйственного сырья, для руководителей перерабатывающих предприятий, предназначена конструкторам и научным сотрудникам в области разработки и совершенствования машин, аппаратов и технологических линий переработки сельхозпродукции. Также будет полезна студентам сельскохозяйственных вузов, обучающимся по направлению подготовки «Агроинженерия», при изучении дисциплин «Детали машин, основы конструирования и подъемно-транспортные машины», «Сельскохозяйственные машины», «Машины и оборудование в животноводстве».
High-impact jumping mitigates the short-term effects of low energy availability on bone resorption but not formation in regularly menstruating females: A randomized control trial
Creators: name: J. Hutson, Mark
name: O'Donnell, Emma
name: Brooke-Wavell, Katherine
name: James, Lewis J.
name: Raleigh, Conor
name: CARSON, BRIAN
name: Sale, Craig
name: Blagrove, Richard C.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise

description: Low energy availability (LEA) is prevalent in active individuals and negatively impacts bone turnover in young females. High-impact exercise can promote bone health in an energy efficient manner and may benefit bone during periods of LEA. Nineteen regularly menstruating females (aged 18–31 years) participated in two three-day conditions providing 15 (LEA) and 45kcalskg fat-free mass−1day−1 (BAL) of energy availability, each beginning 3±1days following the self-reported onset of menses. Participants either did (LEA+J, n=10) or did not (LEA, n=9) perform 20 high-impact jumps twice per day during LEA, with P1NP, β-CTx (cir?culating biomarkers of bone formation and resorption, respectively) and other markers of LEA measured pre and post in a resting and fasted state. Data are presented as estimated marginal mean±95% CI. P1NP was significantly reduced in LEA (71.8±6.1–60.4±6.2ngmL−1, p<0.001, d=2.36) and LEA+J(93.9±13.4–85.2±12.3ngmL−1, p<0.001, d=1.66), and these effects were not significantly different (time by condition interaction: p=0.269). β-CTx was significantly in?creased in LEA (0.39±0.09–0.46±0.10ngmL−1, p=0.002, d=1.11) but not in LEA+J (0.65±0.08–0.65±0.08ngmL−1, p>0.999, d=0.19), and these effects were significantly different (time by condition interaction: p=0.007). Morning basal bone formation rate isreduced following 3days LEA, induced via dietary restriction, with or without high-impact jumping in regularly menstruating young females. However, high-impact jumping can prevent an increase in morning basal bone resorption rate and may benefit long-term bone health in individuals repeatedly exposed to such bouts.
Intrinsic subtypes of high-grade bladder cancer reflect the hallmarks of breast cancer biology
Creators: name: Iyer, G.
name: Fan, C.
name: Milowsky, M. I.
name: Tiganelli, C. J.
name: Parker, J. S.
name: Hoadley, K. A.
name: Wobker, S. E.
name: Yeh, J. J.
name: Kim, W. Y.
name: Damrauer, J. S.
name: Chism, D. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The identification of molecular subtype heterogeneity in breast cancer has allowed a deeper understanding of breast cancer biology. We present evidence that there are two intrinsic subtypes of high-grade bladder cancer, basal-like and luminal, which reflect the hallmarks of breast biology. Moreover, we have developed an accurate gene set predictor of molecular subtype, the BASE47, that should allow the incorporation of subtype stratification into clinical trials. Further clinical, etiologic, and therapeutic response associations will be of interest in future investigations.
New Results from RENO and The 5 MeV Excess
Creators: name: Seo, Seon-Hee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main goals of RENO (Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation) is to measure the smallest neutrino mixing angle θ13 using reactor neutrinos in Korea. RENO is the first reactor experiment taking data with two identical detectors in different locations (Near and Far), which is critical to reduce systematic uncertainty in reactor neutrino flux. Our data taking has been almost continuous since Aug. 2011 and we have collected about 434,000 (54,000) electron anti-neutrinos in the Near (Far) detector by 2013. Using this data (about 800 live days) we present a new result on θ13: sin22θ13 = 0.101 +/- 0.008 (stat.) +/- 0.010 (syst.). We also report the 5 MeV excess present in the prompt signal spectrum in our data, and its correlation with our reactor thermal power.
description: 9 pages. Neutrino 2014 proceedings
Um der Würde willen
Creators: name: Tamez, Elsa
name: Junker-Kenny, Maureen
name: Ammicht Quinn, Regina
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 39 Nr. 2 (2003): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 39, Heft 2
Finite-Memory Strategies in POMDPs with Long-Run Average Objectives
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
name: Saona, Raimundo
name: Ziliotto, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C39, 90C40, 37A50

description: Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are standard models for dynamic systems with probabilistic and nondeterministic behaviour in uncertain environments. We prove that in POMDPs with long-run average objective, the decision maker has approximately optimal strategies with finite memory. This implies notably that approximating the long-run value is recursively enumerable, as well as a weak continuity property of the value with respect to the transition function.
Invisible RNA state dynamically couples distant motifs
Creators: name: Al-Hashimi, Hashim M.
name: Dethoff, Elizabeth A.
name: Lee, Janghyun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We recently showed, using NMR relaxation dispersion, that the HIV-1 transactivation response element (TAR) RNA forms a transient state (lifetime ∼45 μs and population ∼13%) through localized changes in base pairing within the apical loop. Here, we report a second transient TAR state that has longer lifetime (∼2 ms) and smaller population (∼0.4%) that simultaneously remodels the bulge and apical loop, which are separated by four Watson–Crick base pairs. This is accomplished by a global change in the register of bulge residues, which pair up with residues in the upper stem, causing reshuffling of base pairs that propagates to the apical loop and creation of three noncanonical base pairs. Thus, transient states provide a mechanism for dynamically coupling distant RNA motifs.
Spectral radius of random matrices with independent entries
Creators: name: Alt, Johannes
name: Erdos, Laszlo
name: Krüger, Torben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60B20, 15B52, 46Txx

description: We consider random $n\times n$ matrices $X$ with independent and centered entries and a general variance profile. We show that the spectral radius of $X$ converges with very high probability to the square root of the spectral radius of the variance matrix of $X$ when $n$ tends to infinity. We also establish the optimal rate of convergence, that is a new result even for general i.i.d. matrices beyond the explicitly solvable Gaussian cases. The main ingredient is the proof of the local inhomogeneous circular law [arXiv:1612.07776] at the spectral edge.
description: 45 pages; We corrected a few typos in the published version
MicroRNA-223 coordinates cholesterol homeostasis
Creators: name: Vickers, Kasey C.
name: Taylor, Robert C.
name: Tabet, Fatiha
name: Remaley, Alan T.
name: Palmisano, Brian T.
name: Cui, Huanhuan L.
name: Toth, Cynthia L.
name: Landstreet, Stuart R.
name: Sethupathy, Praveen
name: Rye, Kerry-Anne
name: Levin, Michael G.
name: Shoucri, Bassem M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Results from this study represent a breakthrough in our understanding of posttranscriptional control of cholesterol metabolism and how microRNAs (miRNAs) are at the heart of cholesterol regulatory circuitry and homeostasis. Although cells are adept at maintaining proper cholesterol levels, it was unknown how cells posttranscriptionally coordinate cholesterol uptake, efflux, and synthesis. MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) transcription and expression are maintained by cholesterol, and, as a feedback network, miR-223 inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake and increases cholesterol efflux. This study clearly demonstrates the extensive role that miRNAs play in coordinating metabolic adaptation to disease and general homeostasis. This work highlights a unique regulatory control point for cholesterol homeostasis and illustrates how important the study of miRNAs is to the greater understanding of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.
Molecular mechanisms for the regulation of histone mRNA stem-loop-binding protein by phosphorylation
Creators: name: Tan, D.
name: Dominski, Z.
name: Hall, T. M. T.
name: DeRose, E. F.
name: Marzluff, W. F.
name: Tong, L.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Perera, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: As DNA is replicated during cell division, it must be packaged by histones. To match the level of available histones to DNA replication, histone mRNA expression is controlled by a 3′-end stem-loop structure unique to replication-dependent histone mRNAs. In Drosophila, this regulation is mediated by histone mRNA stem-loop–binding protein (dSLBP), which has minimal tertiary structure when not bound to RNA. We show here that phosphorylation of dSLBP dramatically increases binding affinity for stem-loop RNA. The phosphorylated C-terminal tail of dSLBP does not contact RNA. Instead, increased negative charge on the C-terminal tail and stabilization of structural elements by a phosphorylation site within the RNA-binding domain promote more compact conformations that should reduce the entropic barrier to binding histone mRNA.
Interaction between multi components vortices at arbitrary distances using a variational method in the Ginzburg-Landau theory
Creators: name: Lookzadeh, Hadi
name: Deldar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interaction between the vortices in multi components superconductors based on the Jacobs and Rebbi variation method using Ginzburg-Landau theory. With one condensation, we get attraction interaction between the vortices for type I and repulsion for type II superconductors. With two condensation states such as Mg B_{2} superconductors the behavior is quite different. There is attraction at large distances and repulsion when the vortices are close to each other. A stability point at distance 2.7/λ_{1} is obtained. In the case of three condensation states such as iron based superconductors,we see different behavior depending on penetration depth and correlation length. The formation energy of a vortex with three condensation states is larger than the one with one condensation state with comparable penetration and correlation length. We obtain two stability points for the superconductors with three condensation states.
Nonflammable perfluoropolyether-based electrolytes for lithium batteries
Creators: name: Thelen, Jacob L.
name: Battaglia, Vincent S.
name: Pandya, Ashish A.
name: Devaux, Didier
name: Fu, Yanbao
name: Wong, Dominica H. C.
name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
name: Balsara, Nitash P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This research article describes a unique class of nonflammable electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries that are based on functionalized perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs). It demonstrates that PFPEs may be used as a major component in operating batteries. These electrolytes not only are completely nonflammable, but they also exhibit unprecedented high transference numbers and low electrochemical polarization, indicative of longer battery life. The results in this work may represent a significant step toward a lithium-ion battery with improved safety and pave the way for the development of new electrolytes that can address the persisting challenges of current battery technologies.
Experimental Semi-quantum Key Distribution With Classical Users
Creators: name: Massa, Francesco
name: Yadav, Preeti
name: Moqanaki, Amir
name: Krawec, Walter O.
name: Mateus, Paulo
name: Paunković, Nikola
name: Souto, André
name: Walther, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum key distribution, which allows two distant parties to share an unconditionally secure cryptographic key, promises to play an important role in the future of communication. For this reason such technique has attracted many theoretical and experimental efforts, thus becoming one of the most prominent quantum technologies of the last decades. The security of the key relies on quantum mechanics and therefore requires the users to be capable of performing quantum operations, such as state preparation or measurements in multiple bases. A natural question is whether and to what extent these requirements can be relaxed and the quantum capabilities of the users reduced. Here we demonstrate a novel quantum key distribution scheme, where users are fully classical. In our protocol, the quantum operations are performed by an untrusted third party acting as a server, which gives the users access to a superimposed single photon, and the key exchange is achieved via interaction-free measurements on the shared state. We also provide a full security proof of the protocol by computing the secret key rate in the realistic scenario of finite-resources, as well as practical experimental conditions of imperfect photon source and detectors. Our approach deepens the understanding of the fundamental principles underlying quantum key distribution and, at the same time, opens up new interesting possibilities for quantum cryptography networks
description: Version accepted by Quantum - 9 pages, 4 figures + Appendix (16 pages, 4 figures)
A primer on building life-like systems
Creators: name: Vibhute, Mahesh A.
name: Mutschler, Hannes
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Synthetic cells
subject: Origin of life
subject: Synthetic biology
subject: Self-replication
subject: Molecular evolution
subject: 570
subject: 540

description: The quest to understand life and recreate it in vitro has been undertaken through many different routes. These different approaches for experimental investigation of life aim to piece together the puzzle either by tracing life's origin or by synthesizing life-like systems from non-living components. Unlike efforts to define life, these experimental inquiries aim to recapture specific features of living cells, such as reproduction, self-organization or metabolic functions that operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium. As such, these efforts have generated significant insights that shed light on crucial aspects of biological functions. For observers outside these specific research fields, it sometimes remains puzzling what properties an artificial system would need to have in order to be recognized as most similar to life. In this Perspective, we discuss properties whose realization would, in our view, allow the best possible experimental emulation of a minimal form of biological life.
description: ChemSystemsChem;5(1)
Diagrammatic insights into next-to-soft corrections
Creators: name: White, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We confirm recently proposed theorems for the structure of next-to-soft corrections in gauge and gravity theories using diagrammatic techniques, first developed for use in QCD phenomenology. Our aim is to provide a useful alternative insight into the next-to-soft theorems, including tools that may be useful for further study. We also shed light on a recently observed double copy relation between next-to-soft corrections in the gauge and gravity cases.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Uma Análise Da Inserção De Mobile Learning No Processo De Ensino-Aprendizagem No Ensino Médio Integrado Ao Técnico Em Informática
Creators: name: Paulo Eduardo da Silva Santos
name: Henrique César Lopes
name: Enéas Mesquita Cunha Júnior
name: Wendarlem Galvão Mota
name: Josele da Rocha Monteiro
name: Josimara Oliveira de Souza Pitangui
name: Andressa Brandine de Souza
name: Renata Helena Almeida de Oliveira Barbatto
name: Wesley Lima Ramos
name: Juli Cristina Dorigon
name: Michael Lopes da Silva Rolim
name: Danielle da Silva Trindade
name: Marcos Vieira Araujo
name: Mara Cristina Maia Silva
name: Neli Alves Pereira
name: Ângela Márcia Costa Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: O presente artigo aborda a integração de dispositivos móveis no contexto do Ensino Médio Integrado ao Técnico em Informática, utilizando a teoria do Conectivismo como base para uma atividade prática que envolve o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação de Mobile Learning. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Escola Estadual Gonçalves Dias, uma instituição pública localizada em Boa Vista, Roraima, e se concentrou em uma turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio Integrado ao Técnico em Informática. Este artigo adotou uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Os principais resultados destacaram uma transformação no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos que participaram da pesquisa. Ficou evidente que as metodologias e ferramentas de computação apresentadas contribuíram significativamente para a melhoria da compreensão dos conteúdos relacionados à Programação Web. A pesquisa também ressalta a importância de combinar estratégias pedagógicas com as tecnologias predominantes na sociedade contemporânea, em particular o uso de dispositivos móveis na educação. Isso foi analisado sob a perspectiva do Conectivismo, uma teoria educacional emergente e relevante nos tempos atuais.
Imaging Molecular Structure through Femtosecond Photoelectron Diffraction on Aligned and Oriented Gas-Phase Molecules
Creators: name: Boll, R.
name: Rouzee, A.
name: Adolph, M.
name: Anielski, D.
name: Aquila, A.
name: Bari, S.
name: Bomme, C.
name: Bostedt, C.
name: Bozek, J. D.
name: Chapman, H. N.
name: Christensen, L.
name: Coffee, R.
name: Coppola, N.
name: De, S.
name: Decleva, P.
name: Epp, S. W.
name: Erk, B.
name: Filsinger, F.
name: Foucar, L.
name: Gorkhover, T.
name: Gumprecht, L.
name: Hoemke, A.
name: Holmegaard, L.
name: Johnsson, P.
name: Kienitz, J. S.
name: Kierspel, T.
name: Krasniqi, F.
name: Kuehnel, K. -U.
name: Maurer, J.
name: Messerschmidt, M.
name: Moshammer, R.
name: Mueller, Nele L. M.
name: Rudek, B.
name: Savelyev, E.
name: Schlichting, I.
name: Schmidt, C.
name: Scholz, F.
name: Schorb, S.
name: Schulz, J.
name: Seltmann, J.
name: Stener, M.
name: Stern, S.
name: Techert, S.
name: Thogersen, J
name: Trippel, S.
name: Viefhaus, J.
name: Vrakking, M
name: Stapelfeldt, H.
name: Kuepper, J.
name: Ullrich, J.
name: Rudenko, A.
name: Rolles, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper gives an account of our progress towards performing femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules in a pump-probe setup combining optical lasers and an X-ray Free-Electron Laser. We present results of two experiments aimed at measuring photoelectron angular distributions of laser-aligned 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (C8H5F) and dissociating, laseraligned 1,4-dibromobenzene (C6H4Br2) molecules and discuss them in the larger context of photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules. We also show how the strong nanosecond laser pulse used for adiabatically laser-aligning the molecules influences the measured electron and ion spectra and angular distributions, and discuss how this may affect the outcome of future time-resolved photoelectron diffraction experiments.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, Faraday Discussions 171
A user-operator assignment game with heterogeneous user groups for empirical evaluation of a microtransit service in Luxembourg
Creators: name: Ma, Tai-Yu
name: Chow, Joseph Y. J.
name: Klein, Sylvain
name: Ma, Ziyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We tackle the problem of evaluating the impact of different operation policies on the performance of a microtransit service. This study is the first empirical application using the stable matching modeling framework to evaluate different operation cost allocation and pricing mechanisms on microtransit service. We extend the deterministic stable matching model to a stochastic reliability-based one to consider user's heterogeneous perceptions of utility on the service routes. The proposed model is applied to the evaluation of Kussbus microtransit service in Luxembourg. We found that the current Kussbus operation is not a stable outcome. By reducing their route operating costs of 50%, it is expected to increase the ridership of 10%. If Kussbus can reduce in-vehicle travel time on their own by 20%, they can significantly increase profit several folds from the baseline.
Predicting the spatiotemporal dynamics of hair follicle patterns in the developing mouse
Creators: name: Cheng, C. W.
name: Pevny, L. H.
name: Warren, M.
name: Hwa, T.
name: Lovell-Badge, R.
name: Niu, B.
name: Cheah, K. S. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The establishment of orderly patterns in living systems is fascinating. While the Turing class of reaction–diffusion models defines a paradigm for the emergence of primary patterns, we propose here a much simpler expansion–induction (EI) model for the formation of secondary patterns. The EI model is derived from a simple geometric rule revealed by quantitative analysis of the patterns of secondary hair follicles in the developing mouse. It is driven by the physical growth of the embryo and is able to predict the formation of secondary follicles spatially and temporally, given only the locations of primary follicles. The robustness of the EI model provides an important advance by allowing comparison to real biological patterns beyond the qualitative, visual level.
Explicit computation of symmetric differentials and its application to quasi-hyperbolicity
Creators: name: Bruin, Nils
name: Thomas, Jordan
name: Várilly-Alvarado, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 14J60, 14Q10, Secondary 14J25, 14J29, 14M10

description: We develop explicit techniques to investigate algebraic quasi-hyperbolicity of singular surfaces through the constraints imposed by symmetric differentials. We apply these methods to prove that rational curves on Barth's sextic surface, apart from some well-known ones, must pass through at least four singularities, and that genus 1 curves must pass through at least two. On the surface classifying perfect cuboids, our methods show that rational curves, again apart from some well-known ones, must pass through at least seven singularities, and that genus 1 curves must pass through at least two. We also improve lower bounds on the dimension of the space of symmetric differentials on surfaces with $A_1$-singularities, and use our work to show that Barth's decic, Sarti's surface, and the surface parametrizing $3\times 3$ magic squares of squares are all algebraically quasi-hyperbolic.
description: 30 pages; corrected small typo on page 13
Prolactin prevents hepatocellular carcinoma by restricting innate immune activation of c-Myc in mice
Creators: name: Fox, J. G.
name: Petrosky, K. Y.
name: Hartwell, H. J.
name: Horseman, N. D.
name: Rogers, A. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Hormonally active women are better protected from the primary liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than men. In rodent models, the pituitary gland governs sexually dimorphic HCC risk. We found that the estrogen-responsive pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) inhibits HCC by binding liver short-form prolactin receptors, resulting in accelerated degradation of a multimolecular “trafasome” involved in tumor-promoting innate immune signaling and preventing activation of the HCC-associated gene c-Myc. Mouse models confirmed sex-dependent HCC regulation upstream of c-Myc and a requirement for PRL but not estrogen in female tumor resistance. Importantly, a preclinical trial in mice showed that pharmacologic PRL mobilization using the human drug domperidone protected males from HCC. PRL-targeted therapy may help prevent liver cancer in high-risk men and women.
Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome
Creators: name: Wohlford-Lenane, Christine
name: McCray, Paul B.
name: Zhao, Jincun
name: Fett, Craig
name: Perlman, Stanley
name: Gallagher, Tom
name: Zhao, Jingxian
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Li, Kun
name: Gale, Michael J.
name: Enjuanes, Luis
name: Agnihothram, Sudhakar S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus, a newly identified pathogen, causes severe pneumonia in humans, with a mortality of nearly 44%. Human-to-human spread has been demonstrated, raising the possibility that the infection could become pandemic. Mice and other small laboratory animals are not susceptible to infection. Here, we describe the development of a small-animal model for MERS, in which we use an adenovirus expressing the human host-cell receptor to sensitize mice for infection. We show that these mice are useful for determining immune responses and for evaluation of an anti-MERS vaccine and an antiviral therapy. This approach will be generally useful for the rapid (2–3 wk) development of relevant mouse and other animal models for emerging viral infections.
Kerr-nonlinearity Enhanced Conventional Photon Blockade in Second-order-nonlinear System
Creators: name: Lin, Hongyu
name: Wang, Xiaoqian
name: Yao, Zhihai
name: Zou, Dandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the recent publication [Phys. Rev. B 87, 235319 (2013)], the conventional photon blockade(CPB) was studied for the low frequency mode in a second-order nonlinear system. In this paper, we will study the CPB for the high frequency mode in a second-order nonlinear system with the Kerr nonlinearity filling in the low-frequency cavity. By solving the master equation and calculating the zero-delay-time second order correlation function $g^{(2)}(0)$, strong photon antibunching can be obtained in the high frequency cavity. The optimal condition for strong antibunching is found by analyticcal culations and discussions of the optimal condition are presented. We find that the Kerr-nonlinearities can enhanced the CPB effect. In addition, this scheme is not sensitive to the reservoir temperature, which make the current system easier to implement experimentally.
Mechanics of elastic networks
Creators: name: Norris, Andrew N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a periodic lattice structure in $d=2$ or $3$ dimensions with unit cell comprising $Z$ thin elastic members emanating from a similarly situated central node. A general theoretical approach provides an algebraic formula for the effective elasticity of such frameworks. The method yields the effective cubic elastic constants for 3D space-filling lattices with $Z=4$, $6$, $8$, $12$ and $14$, the latter being the "stiffest" lattice proposed by Gurtner and Durand (2014). The analytical expressions provide explicit formulas for the effective properties of pentamode materials, both isotropic and anisotropic, obtained from the general formulation in the stretch dominated limit for $Z=d+1$.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Residue level quantification of protein stability in living cells
Creators: name: Monteith, W. B.
name: Pielak, G. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Proteins function in a sea of macromolecules within cells, but are traditionally studied under ideal conditions in vitro. The more details we amass from experiments performed in cells, the closer we will get to understanding fundamental aspects of protein chemistry in the cellular environment. In addition to furthering our essential knowledge of biochemistry, advancements in the field of macromolecular crowding will drive efforts to stabilize protein-based therapeutics. Here, we show that protein stability can be measured at the residue level in living cells without adding destabilizing cosolutes or heat.
A deep learning approach for the computation of curvature in the level-set method
Creators: name: Larios-Cárdenas, Luis Ángel
name: Gibou, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; G.1.8
subject: 68T99 (primary), 65Z05 (secondary), 65N06

description: We propose a deep learning strategy to estimate the mean curvature of two-dimensional implicit interfaces in the level-set method. Our approach is based on fitting feed-forward neural networks to synthetic data sets constructed from circular interfaces immersed in uniform grids of various resolutions. These multilayer perceptrons process the level-set values from mesh points next to the free boundary and output the dimensionless curvature at their closest locations on the interface. Accuracy analyses involving irregular interfaces, in both uniform and adaptive grids, show that our models are competitive with traditional numerical schemes in the $L^1$ and $L^2$ norms. In particular, our neural networks approximate curvature with comparable precision in coarse resolutions, when the interface features steep curvature regions, and when the number of iterations to reinitialize the level-set function is small. Although the conventional numerical approach is more robust than our framework, our results have unveiled the potential of machine learning for dealing with computational tasks where the level-set method is known to experience difficulties. We also establish that an application-dependent map of local resolutions to neural models can be devised to estimate mean curvature more effectively than a universal neural network.
Holographic Estimates of the Deconfinement Temperature
Creators: name: Afonin, S. S.
name: Katanaeva, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of self-consistent estimates of the deconfinement temperature Tc in the framework of the bottom-up holographic approach to QCD is scrutinized. It is shown that the standard soft wall model gives Tc for planar gluodynamics around 260 MeV in a good agreement with the lattice data. The extensions of soft wall model adjusted for descriptions of realistic meson spectra result in a broad range of predictions. This uncertainty is related with a poor experimental information on the radially excited mesons.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, typos are corrected, matches the version published in Eur. Phys. J. C
Ribosomal protein-Mdm2-p53 pathway coordinates nutrient stress with lipid metabolism by regulating MCD and promoting fatty acid oxidation
Creators: name: Coleman, R. A.
name: Macdonald, J. M.
name: Tikunov, A. P.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Leslie, P.
name: Gu, Z.
name: He, Y.
name: Chen, Y. Q.
name: Tollini, L. A.
name: Jin, A.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Graves, L. M.
name: Zhou, L.
name: Kim, T.-H.
name: Li, L. O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Although progress has been made in the characterization of p53 in regulating metabolism, very little is known about the signaling pathways involved in this regulation in response to stress in vivo. Here we show that p53 controls hepatic fatty acid oxidation in mice in response to fasting. Disruption of ribosome protein (RP)-mouse double minute (Mdm)2 binding in Mdm2C305F mice results in fasting-induced hepatosteatosis. A full-dosage of p53 and an intact RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway are required for the induction of malonyl coA decarboxylase (MCD), a critical regulator of fatty acid oxidation. Thus, the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway functions as a key regulator of hepatic lipid homeostasis in response to nutrient deprivation stress, a function that has implications in organismal survival and tumor suppression.