title: Women and professional sport
title: ÐÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑ
Creators: name: Koushkie Jahromi, Maryam
name: "Ð¡Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑ, ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐº, Ð·Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµ", Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÑÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð³ÑÐµÑÑ
Publisher: name: ÐÐÐÐÐ¢ÐÐ¥-ÐÐ ÐÐ¡Ð¡
Year: 2023
Subjects: women
athletes
professional sport
health
anthropometric difference
prevention
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Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑ
Ð·Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµ
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Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°

description: Exercise has been recommended to all persons for health considerations. Women participation in exercise has been emphasized due to various physiological fluctuations throughout their lives. However, professional or strenuous sport may cause acute and chronic health problems in female athletes. This review study aims to investigate the effect of various professional sport on physiological and psychological status of female athletes. Women have obvious anthropometric differences compared to men which increases the possibility of sport injuries such as ACL tears, patellofemoral and pain syndrome in women compared to men. Intense exercise can cause hormonal disruptions which manifest by primary and secondary amenorrhea, reduction of bone mineral density and eating disorders which are known as âthe athletic triadâ. Some other physiological changes such as reduction of leptin level, as well as delayed immune response to stress response, reproductive dysfunction (ERFRD) causing possibly short-term (infertility) and long-term (osteoporosis) consequences, psychological stress are common in female athletes. The physiological mechanisms of female athletesâ health problems and suggestions for their prevention will be presented.
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