cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Disease Case Prediction Using Contrastive Predictive Coding
Creators: name: Susarla, Anish
name: Liu, Austin
name: Thai, Duy Hoang
name: Züfle, Andreas
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Time-series prediction models have played a vital role in guiding effective policy making and response during the COVID-19 pandemic by predicting future cases at the country, state, and county levels. However, time-series prediction has traditionally been approached as a supervised learning task requiring large datasets to learn from. The urgent nature of novel disease control means that researchers and policymakers often do not have the luxury of having robust data. Therefore, we propose Spatial Contrastive Predictive Coding (SCPC), an unsupervised learning approach to extract useful representations from high-dimensional data. In addition to time-series COVID case and death data, SCPC incorporates a covariate mobility matrix into the loss function, representing the relative number of individuals traveling between each county on a given day. The learned parameters of the SCPC model are converted into vector form and are passed as input into a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to give a final prediction of the number of cases for each county seven days into the future. Preliminary findings show that SCPC applied to COVID-19 data achieves a low mean squared error. In future work, we plan a comparison to baseline time-series prediction models to quantitatively evaluate the competitiveness of SCPC.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Freshwater Bivalves: the Sherlock Holmes of Bioaccumulation
Creators: name: Rueff, Katie
name: Koban, Lauren
name: Fowler, Amy. E.
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: This research explores current literature related to bioaccumulation field studies using freshwater bivalves, both native and invasive species, as indicators for chemical contaminants and highlights research gaps, ending with a call for future research directions. The literature analyzed relies on bioaccumulation, a type of biomonitoring that relies on morphological and behavior observation and biochemical alterations to assess environmental changes. For this study, only field studies of freshwater bivalves with bioaccumulation or trophic magnification factors were considered to reflect uptake from the diet as well as the environment. While bivalves have been used as bioindicators for pathogens and various pollutants in marine water, studies with bivalves in freshwater ecosystems are not only limited but often isolated to specific pockets of the world and an insufficient range of chemicals and species. As this literature review concludes, the ability of bivalves to bioaccumulate at lower concentrations indicates the powerful role they could play in assessing environmental threats.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Energy and angular momentum balance in wall-bounded superfluid turbulence
Creators: name: Hosio, J. J.
name: Eltsov, V. B.
name: Heikkinen, P. J.
name: Hänninen, R.
name: Krusius, M.
name: L'vov, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A superfluid in the absence of the viscous normal component should be the best realization of an ideal inviscid Euler fluid. As expressed by d'Alembert's famous paradox, an ideal fluid does not exert drag on bodies past which it flows, or in other words, it does not exchange momentum with them. Also, the flow of an ideal fluid does not dissipate kinetic energy. We study experimentally whether these properties apply to the flow of superfluid 3He-B in a rotating cylinder at low temperatures. It is found that ideal behavior is broken by quantum turbulence, which leads to substantial energy dissipation, as observed also earlier. Here we show that remarkably, nearly ideal behavior is preserved with respect to the angular-momentum exchange between the superfluid and its container, i.e., the drag almost disappears in the zero-temperature limit. This mismatch between energy and angular-momentum transfer results in a new physical situation where the proper description of wall-bounded quantum turbulence requires two effective friction parameters, one for energy dissipation and another for momentum coupling, which become substantially different at very low temperatures.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Wandlungen der Eisenindustrie vom 16. Jahrhundert bis 1960, hg. von H.-W. Herrmann. Mutations de la sidérurgie au XVIe siècle à 1960, éd. par P. Wynants. Colloque international, Namur, 11-13 septembre 1995, 1997
Creators: name: Kintz, J.-P.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 27 Nr. 2 (2000)
Additional file 5 of High mobility group box 1 and a network of other biomolecules influence fatigue in patients with Crohn’s disease
Creators: name: Kvivik, Ingeborg
name: Grimstad, Tore
name: Bårdsen, Kjetil
name: Jonsson, Grete
name: Kvaløy, Jan Terje
name: Omdal, Roald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 5: Table S5. Association (coordinates) and contribution of all variables to the first and second component in the model including fVAS in an unsupervised principal component analysis of 52 patients with Crohn’s disease.
A review and content validation of 10 measurement scales for parental mediation of children’s Internet use
Creators: name: Kuldas, Seffetullah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470101
subject: Communication studies
classificationCode: 520599
subject: Social and personality psychology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 520105
subject: Psychological methodology, design and analysis

description: For the last decade, research has shown inconsistent findings about validity of parental mediation scales for children’s Internet use. This inconsistency has manifested itself in at least 10 parental mediation models, which are also inconsistent in contents and definitions, lacking content validity thereof. With the goal of facilitating a consistent framework, this narrative review focuses on the content and factorial validity of 10 measurement scales. A panel of eight experienced researchers in the field of children’s online safety/risks assessed the content validity. Based on this assessment, the present review proposes a trichotomy of restrictive-enabling-observant parental mediation and corresponding conceptual definitions for further research.
Modelling the Strategic Alignment of Software Requirements using Goal Graphs
Creators: name: Ellis-Braithwaite, Richard
name: Lock, Russell
name: Dawson, Ray
name: Haque, Badr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.1

description: This paper builds on existing Goal Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) research by presenting a methodology with a supporting tool for analysing and demonstrating the alignment between software requirements and business objectives. Current GORE methodologies can be used to relate business goals to software goals through goal abstraction in goal graphs. However, we argue that unless the extent of goal-goal contribution is quantified with verifiable metrics and confidence levels, goal graphs are not sufficient for demonstrating the strategic alignment of software requirements. We introduce our methodology using an example software project from Rolls-Royce. We conclude that our methodology can improve requirements by making the relationships to business problems explicit, thereby disambiguating a requirement's underlying purpose and value.
description: v2 minor updates: 1) bitmap images replaced with vector, 2) reworded related work ref[6] for clarity
Numerical challenges in kinetic simulations of three-wave interactions
Creators: name: Ganse, Urs
name: Kilian, Patrick
name: Siegel, Stefan
name: Spanier, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generation of radio bursts in CME foreshock regions and turbulent cascades in the solar wind are assumed to be results of three-wave interaction processes of dispersive plasma modes. Using our Particle in Cell code ACRONYM, we have studied the behaviour of kinetic wavemodes in the presence of beamed electron populations, with a focus on type II radio burst emission processes. We discuss the numerical challenges in generating and analyzing self-consistently evolving wave coupling processes with a PiC-Code and present preliminary results of said project.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, proceedings article from the 6th International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows (Astronum 2011)
Eating for Two: Does Parasitic Infection Alter the Feeding Behavior of the Invasive Japanese Mystery Snail?
Creators: name: Powers, Zoe
name: Hall-Stratton, Daya
name: Mott, Alexander Whitney
name: Fowler, Amy. E.
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Invasive species can impact community interactions via the introduction of novel parasites. Japanese Mystery Snails (Heterogen japonica) within the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers have been found to host Aspidogaster trematodes. Using this relationship as a test case, we examined how parasites can impact host feeding behavior. To answer this question, we offered 39 snails from the Rappahannock river a simulated diet (2 grams of cucumber +- 0.5 g) for 24 hours and then evaluated their size, infection status, and approximate food consumption. Our results showed that parasitized snails on average consumed less food when compared to uninfected snails. In addition, brood size was also decreased in females that were parasitized. Taken together with previous experiments, these results suggest that infection with Aspidogaster is correlated with decreased feeding behavior. However, further experimentation should be done to ameliorate our understanding of host/parasite interactions and their effect on behavioral changes. Japanese Mystery Snails (Heterogen japonica) within the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers have been found to host Aspidogaster trematodes. . Using this relationship as a test case, we examined how parasites can impact host feeding behavior. To answer this question, we offered 39 snails from the Rappahannock river a simulated diet (2 grams of cucumber +- 0.5 g) for 24 hours and then evaluated their size, infection status, and approximate food consumption. Our results showed that parasitized snails on average consumed less food when compared to uninfected snails (P=.027). In addition, brood size was also decreased in females that were parasitized. Taken together with previous experiments, these results suggest that infection with Aspidogaster is correlated with decreased feeding behavior. However, further experimentation should be done to ameliorate our understanding of host/parasite interactions and their effect on behavioral changes.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Search for flavor changing neutral currents in top quark decays in pp collisions at 7 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of a search for flavor changing neutral currents in top quark decays t to Zq in events with a topology compatible with the decay chain t t-bar to Wb + Zq to ell nu b + ell ell q are presented. The search is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The observed number of events agrees with the standard model prediction and no evidence for flavor changing neutral currents in top quark decays is found. A t to Zq branching fraction greater than 0.21% is excluded at the 95% confidence level.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Polarization transfer in relativistic magnetized plasmas
Creators: name: Heyvaerts, Jean
name: Pichon, Christophe
name: Prunet, Simon
name: Thiebaut, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The polarization transfer coefficients of a relativistic magnetized plasma are derived. These results apply to any momentum distribution function of the particles, isotropic or anisotropic. Particles interact with the radiation either in a non resonant mode when the frequency of the radiation exceeds their characteristic synchrotron emission frequency, or quasi resonantly otherwise. These two classes of particles contribute differently to the polarization transfer coefficients. For a given frequency, this dichotomy corresponds to a regime change in the dependence of the transfer coefficients on the parameters of the particle s population. The derivation of the transfer coefficients involves an exact expression of the conductivity tensor of the relativistic magnetized plasma that has not been used hitherto in this context. Suitable expansions valid at frequencies larger than the cyclotron frequency allow us to analytically perform the summation over all resonances at high harmonics of the relativistic gyrofrequency. The transfer coefficients are represented in the form of two variable integrals that can be conveniently computed for any set of parameters by using Olver s expansion of high order Bessel functions. We particularize our results to a number of distribution functions, isotropic, thermal or powerlaw, with different multipolar anisotropies of low order, or strongly beamed. For isotropic distributions, the Faraday coefficients are expressed in the form of a one variable quadrature over energy, for which we provide the kernels in the high-frequency limit and in the asymptotic low-frequency limit. A similar reduction to a one-variable quadrature over energy is derived at high frequency for a large class of anisotropic distribution functions that may form a basis on which any smoothly anisotropic distribution could be expanded.
description: 42 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Decision-analytic evaluation of the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent breast and ovarian cancer in German women with BRCA-1/2 mutations
Creators: name: Hallsson, Lára R.
name: Sroczynski, Gaby
name: Engel, Jutta
name: Siebert, Uwe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 19999
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1
Understanding the Salinity Range of the Larvae of an Isopod Endoparasite in an Estuarine Mud Crab Host
Creators: name: Wang, Victoria B.
name: Greenberg, Sarah R.
name: Pochtar, Darby L.
name: Fowler, Amy. E.
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors in estuarine ecosystems as it determines organismal distribution. In the Chesapeake Bay, the white-fingered mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Rh), is a host to two castrating endoparasites, a rhizocephalan barnacle, Loxothylacus panopaei (Lp), and an entoniscid isopod, Cancrion sp. While much is known about Lp, there is little information surrounding the newly discovered Cancrion sp. Rh can live in salinities ranging from 0.5-25 ppt, while Lp cannot survive in salinities <10 ppt. Before knowledge of Cancrion sp., it was theorized that Rh could escape castration by moving to salinities <10 ppt; however, recent field data shows that Cancrion sp. exists in these low salinity areas. This research aims to understand the salinity range of the first larval stage of Cancrion sp. Rh were collected from low salinity regions of the Chesapeake Bay. Rh was monitored daily for the release of Cancrion sp. larvae into the water. Upon release, 70 larvae from each brood were equally divided amongst 7 salinities (0.25, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 ppt) with 10 replicates/brood in each salinity across a total of 9 broods. Larval mortality was assessed after 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours and every subsequent 24 hours for 7 days. Initial data exploration revealed that larvae have the highest survival rates in 9 ppt and above. This research will elucidate the extent of Rh’s salinity refuge and provide the first natural history understanding of Cancrion sp.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Optimization of Protein Painting Procedure for Removal of Paint Molecules from Small or Nonglobular Proteins Utilizing the Rab6/Km23-1 Complex
Creators: name: Qureshi, Anum
name: Zhang, Ruth
name: Carter, Rachel
name: Cassels, Kathryn
name: Haymond-Still, Amanda
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Protein painting is a technique that maps solvent-accessible protein surfaces through molecular dyes. However, small proteins struggle with this technique due to the viscosity of size-exclusion chromatography, a key processing step prior to mass spectrometry analysis. Hence, we hypothesized that if we use Sephadex G-15 Columns which have a lower viscosity gel filtration system instead of the commonly used G-25 Columns, then it will increase small or nonglobular protein recovery. We used proteins Rab6, Km23-1, and their complex for protein painting with and without the columns. After processing and analyzing the proteins via mass spectrometry, we found a significant loss in Peptide Spectrum Matches via G-15 Columns. Regardless of the loss, the paint coverage with the G-15 Columns was at least 75%. This suggests that the columns were able to capture some paint molecules and even unfolded/aggregated proteins, thus giving cleaner results. Data also indicates that Rab6 had an overall greater abundance ratio in the Rab6/Km23-1 complex than Km23-1 in the Rab6/Km23-1 complex, which implies that the G-15 Columns did well in recovering Rab6 in complex form as compared to Km23-1. Using an even lower viscosity gel filtration system such as the Sephadex G-10 Columns and improving protein handling can help mitigate the loss of the proteins and obtain a high abundance ratio for even smaller proteins like Km23-1. Painting small proteins like Rab6 and Km23-1 can help determine protein-to-protein interactions and aid in drug development for cancer and neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s, which is why optimizing this technique is essential.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Additional file 2 of Decision-analytic evaluation of the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent breast and ovarian cancer in German women with BRCA-1/2 mutations
Creators: name: Hallsson, Lára R.
name: Sroczynski, Gaby
name: Engel, Jutta
name: Siebert, Uwe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 19999
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2
Scaeosopha hongkongensis Li et Zhang 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Li, Houhun
name: Zhang, Zhiwei
name: Sinev, Sergey Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Cosmopterigidae
Scaeosopha
Scaeosopha hongkongensis

description: Scaeosopha hongkongensis Li et Zhang sp. nov. (Figs. 11, 35) Description. Adult (Fig. 11): Wingspan 13.0 mm. Head with frons grayish-white, vertex with anteriorly tufted brown scales. Antenna with scape yellow except basal half black dorsally, flagellum deep leaden with pale annuli. Labial palpus with second segment grayish-white, third segment deep leaden. Thorax deep-yellow. Tegula with basal half black, distal half yellow. Forewing with ground color yellow, covered with dense dark-brown scales; four black spots along costal margin, elliptical black spot at middle of cell on anterior margin, irregular black spots at end of cell and at middle of fold, arrowhead-shaped black patch near apex; a series of black dots running from distal part of costal margin along termen to tornus; cilia grayish-brown except pale-yellow in distal half. Hindwing and cilia grayish brown. Legs grayish-yellow except fore leg deep-gray. Male genitalia (Fig. 35): Pleural lobes of eighth segment very broad and strongly sclerotized, lateral margin arched, protruding apically. Brachia of uncus sclerotized, broad at base, spatulate in distal 2/3, slightly expanded distally. Valva broad subtriangular, costa slightly concave at middle, ventral margin curved to right angle, apex bluntly rounded; valvella shuttle-shaped, with several distal setae and a long seta at distal 1/5. Anellus very long, reaching 1/3 length of uncus brachium apically, heavily sclerotized, cone-shaped, curved to blunt angle at distal 1/ 5, acuminate at apex. Phallus very strong, parallel margined, twisted and coiled with many tiny cornuti scattered from distal 1/3 to distal 1/6; main cornutus a longitudinal spicula, running from basal 1/8 to distal 1/4 of phallus. Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Kadoorie Farm [22°26' N, 114°07' E], Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 340–455 m, 14.iv.2007, coll. Houhun Li et al., genitalia slide no. ZZW08172 (NKUM, Tianjin). Paratype: 1 ♂, CHINA: Tai Mong Tsai, Sai Kung, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 140 m, 15.iv.2007, coll. Houhun Li et al., genitalia slide no. ZZW08171 (NKUM, Tianjin). Distribution. China. Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the very broad and heavily sclerotized pleural lobes of the eighth abdominal segment, the broad subtriangular valva, and the shuttle-shaped valvella arising from base of costa. Etymology. The specific epithet is from the type locality, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
description: Published as part of Li, Houhun, Zhang, Zhiwei & Sinev, Sergey Yu., 2012, Review of the genus Scaeosopha Meyrick, 1914 (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Scaeosophinae) in the world, with descriptions of sixteen new species, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 3322 on page 15
Individual-Ion Addressing with Microwave Field Gradients
Creators: name: Warring, U.
name: Ospelkaus, C.
name: Colombe, Y.
name: Jördens, R.
name: Leibfried, D.
name: Wineland, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Individual-qubit addressing is a prerequisite for many instances of quantum information processing. We demonstrate this capability on trapped-ion qubits with microwave near-fields delivered by electrode structures integrated into a microfabricated surface-electrode trap. We describe four approaches that may be used in quantum information experiments with hyperfine levels as qubits. We implement individual control on two 25Mg+ ions separated by 4.3 micrometer and find spin-flip crosstalk errors on the order of 10^(-3).
description: 5 pages and 4 figures
New Hybrid Molecular Modalities Comprised of DNA-Origami and Interfering Peptides as Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions
Creators: name: Nikku, Siri
name: Roman, Jessica
name: Haymond-Still, Amanda
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Immunotherapy is especially effective in blood cancers and melanoma. However, in solid tumors like breast cancer, immunotherapy typically fails. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been implicated in playing a major role in the molecular crosstalk that suppresses the immune response against tumors, promoting tumor tolerance, disease progression, and metastasis. ST2/IL-33 signaling from myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is one example of a factor that contributes to immunotherapy failure. ST2/IL-33 signaling activation requires the recruitment of IL-1RAcP, forming a transient ternary complex that initiates the MyD88 cascade. By inhibiting this interaction with the ST2/IL-33 binary complex, it may be possible to foster an environment conducive to antitumor immune events. Here we demonstrate small peptides can inhibit IL-1 RAcP through western blotting and have determined the KD of the final ternary complex for comparison with the KD of the inhibitory peptides. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was used to measure the affinity of the trimer. The receptor accessory protein has a weaker affinity for the binary ST2/IL-33 complex than ST2 for IL-33 itself. Of the three hotspot-mimicking peptides, Peptide 3 showed the highest activity in isolation, but treatment with the ensemble of all three peptides was the most efficacious even in cell models. Future work will include further optimization of the peptides and ligation to a stabilizing DNA scaffold to build a multivalent inhibitor.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Additional file 3 of Decision-analytic evaluation of the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent breast and ovarian cancer in German women with BRCA-1/2 mutations
Creators: name: Hallsson, Lára R.
name: Sroczynski, Gaby
name: Engel, Jutta
name: Siebert, Uwe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 19999
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3
Fostering Open Science in R&D: An Exploration of the Role of Funding Agencies in the UAE
Creators: name: Younis, Reem
name: Nada, El Messeikah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Reem Younis presented "Fostering Open Science in R&D: An Exploration of the Role of Funding Agencies in the UAE" during the 2023 Annual Forum in Open Research in Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Calorimetric glass transition explained by hierarchical dynamic facilitation
Creators: name: Keys, Aaron S.
name: Garrahan, Juan P.
name: Chandler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The glass transition refers to the non-equilibrium process by which an equilibrium liquid is transformed to a non-equilibrium disordered solid, or vice versa. Associated response functions, such as heat capacities, are markedly different on cooling than on heating, and the response to melting a glass depends markedly on the cooling protocol by which the glass was formed. This paper shows how this irreversible behavior can be interpreted quantitatively in terms of an East-model picture of localized excitations (or soft spots) in which molecules can move with a specific direction, and from which excitations with the same directionality of motion can appear or disappear in adjacent regions. As a result of this facilitated dynamics, excitations become correlated in a hierarchical fashion. These correlations are manifested in the dynamic heterogeneity of the supercooled liquid phase. While equilibrium thermodynamics is virtually featureless, a non-equilibrium glass phase emerges when the model is driven out of equilibrium with a finite cooling rate. The correlation length of this emergent phase is large and increases with decreasing cooling rate. A spatially and temporally resolved fictive temperature encodes memory of its preparation. Parameters characterizing the model can be determined from reversible transport data, and with these parameters, predictions of the model agree well with irreversible differential scanning calorimetry.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Observation of sequential Upsilon suppression in PbPb collisions
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The suppression of the individual Upsilon(nS) states in PbPb collisions with respect to their yields in pp data has been measured. The PbPb and pp data sets used in the analysis correspond to integrated luminosities of 150 inverse microbarns and 230 inverse nanobarns, respectively, collected in 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC, at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76 TeV. The Upsilon(nS) yields are measured from the dimuon invariant mass spectra. The suppression of the Upsilon(nS) yields in PbPb relative to the yields in pp scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions, R[AA], is measured as a function of the collision centrality. Integrated over centrality, the R[AA] values are 0.56 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.07 (syst.), 0.12 +/- 0.04 (stat.) +/- 0.02 (syst.), and lower than 0.10 (at 95% confidence level), for the Upsilon(1S), Upsilon(2S), and Upsilon(3S) states, respectively. The results demonstrate the sequential suppression of the Upsilon(nS) states in PbPb collisions at LHC energies.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Data Analysis of Genetic Variability in Alzheimer’s Affected Brains
Creators: name: Tibrewala, Akanksha
name: Ullah, Aman
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been widely recognized as the most common cause of dementia. Alzheimer's disease is a terminal neurological disorder that primarily affects the elderly and causes gradual memory loss and neurodegeneration. The National Institute on Aging-Association Alzheimer's (NIA-AA) analyzed and illustrated Alzheimer's disease (AD) as cognitive damage in 2011. AD steadily erodes a person's ability to learn, think, and communicate. According to Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI), over 50 million individuals worldwide were living with AD in 2019, and with approximately 10 million new cases every year, this figure is expected to rise to 82 million by 2030 and 152 million by 2050. There are two forms of Alzheimer's disease: early-onset Alzheimer's disease and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). AD manifests itself as early-onset Alzheimer's disease between the ages of 30 and 60. This is a rarer form of Alzheimer's disease, affecting only 10% of all AD patients. Amyloid precursor proteins (APP) on chromosome 21, Presenilin (PSEN 1) on chromosome 14, and PSEN 2 on chromosome 1 are markers for early-onset AD. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is more common and begins around the age of 60. No one gene causes LOAD, however, the presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on chromosome 19 raises the risk. We will be studying gene expression data from 22 Alzheimer's patients and 9 controls. The differences and similarities between the various severities of this condition will be examined, as 7 of the 22 participants have incipient Alzheimer's disease, 8 have intermediate Alzheimer's disease, and 7 have severe Alzheimer's disease. Using the Orange software, we will be able to evaluate the data using principal component analysis (PCA). We will utilize the RStudio software to create a volcano plot for the data points that we have accumulated.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Hawking radiation for non asymptotically flat dilatonic black holes using gravitational anomaly
Creators: name: Fabris, J. C.
name: Marques, G. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $d$-dimensional scalar field action may be reduced, in the background geometry of a black hole, to a 2-dimensional effective action. In the near horizon region, it appears a gravitational anomaly: the energy-momentum tensor of the scalar field is not conserved anymore. This anomaly is removed by introducing a term related to the Hawking temperature of the black hole. Even if the temperature term introduced is not covariant, a gauge transformation may restore the covariance. We apply this method to compute the temperature of the black hole of the dilatonic non asymptotically flat black holes. We compare the results with those obtained through other methods.
description: Latex file, 22 pages. Some discussions enlarged. New references. Accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal C
KMS states for the generalized gauge action on graph algebras
Creators: name: de Castro, Gilles
name: Mortari, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a positive function on the set of edges of an arbitrary directed graph $E=(E^0,E^1)$, we define a one-parameter group of automorphisms on the C*-algebra of the graph $C^*(E)$, and study the problem of finding KMS states for this action. We prove that there are bijective correspondences between KMS states on $C^*(E)$, a certain class of states on its core, and a certain class of tracial states on $C_0(E^0)$. We also find the ground states for this action and give some examples.
W. Knöbl, Polizei und Herrschaft im Moderisierungsprozeß. Staatsbildung und innere Sicherheit in Preußen, England und Amerika 1700–1914, 1998
Creators: name: Lessmann-Faust, Peter
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 27 Nr. 3 (2000)
Computational study on the transmission of COVID-19 in Virginia using SIQR Model
Creators: name: Sen, Benoy
name: Ullah, Aman
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: The worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shed light on the importance of refining compartmental models in epidemiology. As people across the world have taken preventative measures such as quarantining and vaccination, modeling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has become more complex. The study developed a variation on an already applicable computational model known as the susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) model, by incorporating vaccination and quarantining over a 2-week period. The new SIQR model simulates the trajectory of infection based on Virginia SARS-CoV-2 data into the future using differential equations. The role of herd immunity, vaccination, and quarantining becomes more evident. The R curve of the SIQR model shows a smooth logistic curve that takes longer to reach a horizontal slope, with a difference of ~100 days. The I curve flattens faster as members of the infected population are removed due to quarantining and recovery. In the long term, the recovered population is highest due to herd immunity as susceptible populations are either infected or vaccinated, and the vaccination rate hampers the infection rate.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Variations on Slavnov's scalar product
Creators: name: Foda, O.
name: Wheeler, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the rational six-vertex model on an L-by-L lattice with domain wall boundary conditions and restrict N parallel-line rapidities, N < L/2, to satisfy length-L XXX spin-1/2 chain Bethe equations. We show that the partition function is an (L-2N)-parameter extension of Slavnov's scalar product of a Bethe eigenstate and a generic state, with N magnons each, on a length-L XXX spin-1/2 chain. Decoupling the extra parameters, we obtain a third determinant expression for the scalar product, where the first is due to Slavnov [1], and the second is due to Kostov and Matsuo [2]. We show that the new determinant is a discrete KP tau-function in the inhomogeneities, and consequently that tree-level N = 4 SYM structure constants that are known to be determinants, remain determinants at 1-loop level.
description: 17 pages
Characterization of Large EVs From Breast Cancer Cells
Creators: name: Pishvaian, Christopher
name: Kim, Yuriy
name: Liotta, Lance
name: Kashanchi, Fatah
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Breast cancer alone kills over 43,000 women each year2. While methods of diagnostics and identification of this disease have improved greatly, the realm of treatment leaves much to be desired. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles secreted from all eukaryotic cells3. They have recently come to focus as a new means of cancer diagnosis and treatment as they are heavily involved in intercellular communication4. It is our hypothesis that larger extracellular vesicles contain genetic material, such as DNA and proteins, that can act as biomarkers to diagnose and determine means of breast cancer treatment as well as act as a means of therapy themselves. In this experiment, we took EVs from breast cancer cells spun in the centrifuge at 2,000xg (2K), 10,000xg (10K), and 100,000xg (100K). We then analyzed their contents through western blotting. Additionally, a qPCR was performed to observe the presence of GAPDH DNA. Mass spectrometry was also used to further break down and identify the proteins as well as cross-reference them with other EVs. The results of the qPCR showed that DNA was consistently present within the 2K EVs. Our western blot confirmed the presence of CDK6, AKT, and Actin. This information opens up the possibility of diagnosing breast cancer based on an analysis of the composition of EVs as they mirror the composition of their mother cells. Additionally, the presence of certain proteins and kinases suggests that EVs play an important role in influencing recipient cells and creating a pro-tumor environment. Our cross-referenced mass spectrometry showed 5 new clusters of unique proteins that are all involved in the transcription and translation of the EVs’ DNA and RNA. Future methods of treatment can tailor therapies to patients based on the composition of the EVs from their particular cancer, leading to personalized medicine.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Success Story of formation of Kisan Club of Value Addition in Milk
Creators: name: Dr. Alok Bharti1 and Dr. Archana Kumari2
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023

description: In Kosanda, Suryapura the farmers were selling milk locally in cooperative at a lower price of Rs.22 -24 per litre. They formed Kisan Club and collected whole cow milk of village, packaged it, chilled it and sold in local market at a price of Rs.40/litre. The profit was distributed to all.
Additional file 1 of Care pathways and factors associated with interhospital transfer to neurotrauma centers for patients with isolated moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a population-based study from the Norwegian trauma registry
Creators: name: Cuevas-Østrem, Mathias
name: Thorsen, Kjetil
name: Wisborg, Torben
name: Røise, Olav
name: Helseth, Eirik
name: Jeppesen, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Production of 9Be through alpha-fusion reaction of metal-poor cosmic ray and stellar flare
Creators: name: Kusakabe, Motohiko
name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectroscopic observations of metal-poor stars have indicated possible 6Li abundances that are much larger than the primordial abundance predicted in the standard big bang nucleosynthesis model. Possible mechanisms of 6Li production in metal-poor stars include pregalactic and cosmological cosmic ray (CR) nucleosynthesis and nucleosynthesis by flare-accelerated nuclides. We study 9Be production via two-step alpha-fusion reactions of CR or flare-accelerated 3,4He through 6He and 6,7Li, in pregalactic structure, intergalactic medium, and stellar surfaces. We solve transfer equations of CR or flare particles and calculate nuclear yields of 6He, 6,7Li, and 9Be taking account of probabilities of processing 6He and 6,7Li into 9Be via fusions with alpha particles. Yield ratios, i.e., 9Be/6Li, are then calculated for the CR and flare nucleosynthesis models. We suggest that the future observations of 9Be in metal-poor stars may find enhanced abundances originating from metal-poor CR or flare activities.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures, argument and new Fig. 5 added in section 4, minor modifications added, results slightly changed only quantitatively, minor modifications added again
J. Hürter (Hg.), Paul von Hintze. Marineoffizier, Diplomat, Staatssekretär. Dokumente einer Karriere zwischen Militär und Politik, 1903–1918, 1998
Creators: name: Lahme, Rainer
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 27 Nr. 3 (2000)
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis through qPCR Amplification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in Patient Urine Samples
Creators: name: Laoudi, Hannah
name: Neikirk, Alexandra
name: Boyd, Patrick
name: Cobb, Andrea
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens, having infected about 25% of the world’s population. Mtb is spread through aerosols and can remain dormant in infected individuals for years. The disease is especially prevalent in developing countries in Africa, which have a tuberculosis incidence rate ten times that of Europe. Current sampling methods make diagnosis difficult in these regions. The common skin test has low accuracy and does not identify for the strain or progression of the disease. Other methods such as examination of sputum smears, sputum culture, and GeneXpert require the collection of sputum which must be refrigerated and quickly transported to the analysis site. Infants and young children do not understand how to provide a sputum sample. Urine is a potentially more stable and practical diagnostic fluid. Protein-based urine MTb tests have been effective, but require trained personnel, and refrigerated transport. The antibody-based diagnosis cannot readily identify drug resistance, unlike DNA-based diagnostic tests. The purpose of our study was to determine if urine spiked with Mtb DNA can be detected by qPCR. If so, can Mtb DNA from TB+ patients be identified in their urine via qPCR testing? Urine samples were obtained via an IRB-approved Mason study. Six Guinea-Bisseau children ages 6-12 diagnosed with TB by other methods were amplified through qPCR using rpoB forward and reverse primers. The amplification curves produced were compared to a standard curve of genomic DNA from Mtb strain H37Ra to determine the concentration of copies in patient urine. Three replicates of six samples were tested, with half of the trials showing detectable levels of amplification. Three of these samples were amplified on at least one replicate but not all three replicates. in contrast, all MTb-spiked control urine replicates were amplified. This is consistent with our previous study using PCR. It is possible that Mtb DNA in patient samples may be physically or biochemically inaccessible for qPCR analysis. Future studies may identify procedures for more consistent diagnostic results in patient urine samples.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ТАБИАТНИ МУҲОФАЗА ҚИЛИШ СОҲАСИДАГИ ДАВЛАТ БОШҚАРУВИ
Creators: name: Розимова, Лобар
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ҳозирги кунда бошқа мамлакатлар каби Ўзбекистон Республикасида ҳам жиддий экологик муаммолар пайдо бўлмоқда. Бунга мисол қилиб давлатнинг айрим ҳудудларида унумдор бўлган ерларни қисқариб бораётганлиги, сув етишмаслиги, қурғоқчиликнинг авж олётганлиги, тупроқнинг таркиби ўзгариб ҳосилдорлиги пасаяётганлиги ҳамда атмосфера ҳавосининг бузилаётганлигини келтиришимиз мумкин.
Model Checking Parse Trees
Creators: name: Boral, Anudhyan
name: Schmitz, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4; D.3.1; I.2.7

description: Parse trees are fundamental syntactic structures in both computational linguistics and compilers construction. We argue in this paper that, in both fields, there are good incentives for model-checking sets of parse trees for some word according to a context-free grammar. We put forward the adequacy of propositional dynamic logic (PDL) on trees in these applications, and study as a sanity check the complexity of the corresponding model-checking problem: although complete for exponential time in the general case, we find natural restrictions on grammars for our applications and establish complexities ranging from nondeterministic polynomial time to polynomial space in the relevant cases.
description: 21 + x pages
Additional file 1 of Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation for older adults with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and process outcomes
Creators: name: McCarthy, Aoife
name: Galvin, Rose
name: Dockery, Frances
name: McLoughlin, Kara
name: O’Connor, Margaret
name: Corey, Gillian
name: Whiston, Aoife
name: Carey, Leonora
name: Steed, Fiona
name: Tierney, Audrey
name: Robinson, Katie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) checklist. checklist of items detailing how the research was performed and reported.