cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Protostellar Outflow Cavities, Kinematics, and Angular Distribution of Momentum and Energy in Orion A: Evidence for Dynamical Cores
Creators: name: Hsieh, Cheng-Han
name: Arce, Héctor G.
name: Li, Zhi-Yun
name: Dunham, Michael
name: Offner, Stella
name: Stephens, Ian W.
name: Stutz, Amelia
name: Megeath, Tom
name: Kong, Shuo
name: Plunkett, Adele
name: Tobin, John J.
name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Mardones, Diego
name: Pineda, Jaime E.
name: Stanke, Thomas
name: Carpenter, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the $\sim$10 kAU environment surrounding 21 protostars in the Orion A molecular cloud tracing outflows. Our sample is composed of Class 0 to flat-spectrum protostars, spanning the full $\sim$1 Myr lifetime. We derive the angular distribution of outflow momentum and energy profiles and obtain the first two-dimensional instantaneous mass, momentum, and energy ejection rate maps using our new approach: the Pixel Flux-tracing Technique (PFT). Our results indicate that by the end of the protostellar phase, outflows will remove $\sim$2 to 4 M$_\odot$ from the surrounding $\sim$1 M$_\odot$ low-mass core. These high values indicate that outflows remove a significant amount of gas from their parent cores and continuous core accretion from larger scales is needed to replenish core material for star formation. This poses serious challenges to the concept of ``cores as well-defined mass reservoirs", and hence to the simplified core-to-star conversion prescriptions. Furthermore, we show that cavity opening angles, and momentum and energy distributions all increase with the protostar evolutionary stage. This is clear evidence that even garden-variety protostellar outflows: (a) effectively inject energy and momentum into their environments on $10$ kAU scales, and (b) significantly disrupt their natal cores, ejecting a large fraction of the mass that would have otherwise fed the nascent star. Our results support the conclusion that protostellar outflows have a direct impact on how stars get their mass, and that the natal sites of individual low-mass star formation are far more dynamic than commonly accepted theoretical paradigms.
description: 76 pages, 43 figures. Accepted by ApJ 2023.2.6
The role and relevance of exosomes in the development and progression of prostate cancer
Creators: name: Hosseini-Beheshti, Elham
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading diagnosed cancer in men. Prompt diagnosis of the disease can substantially improve its clinical outcome. Improving capability for early detection and developing new therapeutic targets in advanced disease are research priorities that will ultimately lead to better patient survival. Eukaryotic cells secrete proteins via distinct regulated mechanisms, which are either ER/Golgi dependent or microvesicle-mediated. The release of microvesicles has been shown to provide a novel mechanism for intercellular communication. Exosomes are nanometer-sized membrane-vesicles, which are secreted from normal/cancerous cells. They are present in various biological fluids. Recent studies have demonstrated that cancerous cells secret exosomes, which may be differentiated from those, derived from normal cells based on their composition. The main hypothesis for this Ph.D. thesis is to assess exosomes as potential diagnostic biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and investigate the role of exosomes in PCa progression. In this study, exosomes were purified from the conditioned media of six different prostate cell lines and biological fluids obtained from PCa patients. Analysis using NanosightTM, western blot and transmission-electron-microscopy validated the size, purity and integrity of isolated exosomes. Uptake by different PCa cell lines, following exposure to exosomes, was confirmed using confocal microscopy. Proteomic analysis of isolated exosomes was performed using a Waters LC-QTOF/MS in conjunction with ProteinLynx and MASCOT software. In addition to possible underlying differences in protein profiles an additional part of this study investigated the lipid profiles and cholesterol levels in exosomes as further potential diagnostic markers. Our results have also confirmed the influence of PCa derived exosomes with different functional assays including apoptosis, proliferation and migration. Finally we demonstrated the effect of PCa cells derived exosomes in vivo, and their influence on tumor growth using a human xenograft animal model of PCa. The results of this study have highlighted a potential for the differential protein/lipid composition of exosomes to be a source of diagnostic biomarkers for PCa amenable via non-invasive testing. Our experimental evidence also indicates that exosomes with different androgen receptor phenotypes attribute positively in many mechanisms that contribute to PCa progression presenting additional insight into exploratory research for novel therapeutic targets.
Chaos and stability in a two-parameter family of convex billiard tables
Creators: name: Bálint, Péter
name: Halász, Miklós
name: Hernández-Tahuilán, Jorge
name: Sanders, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D50, 37A25, 37J40, 37M25

description: We study, by numerical simulations and semi-rigorous arguments, a two-parameter family of convex, two-dimensional billiard tables, generalizing the one-parameter class of oval billiards of Benettin--Strelcyn [Phys. Rev. A 17, 773 (1978)]. We observe interesting dynamical phenomena when the billiard tables are continuously deformed from the integrable circular billiard to different versions of completely-chaotic stadia. In particular, we conjecture that a new class of ergodic billiard tables is obtained in certain regions of the two-dimensional parameter space, when the billiards are close to skewed stadia. We provide heuristic arguments supporting this conjecture, and give numerical confirmation using the powerful method of Lyapunov-weighted dynamics.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures. Submitted for publication. Supplementary video available at http://sistemas.fciencias.unam.mx/~dsanders/
SpatialTouch: Exploring Spatial Data Visualizations in Cross-reality
Creators: name: Zhao, Lixiang
name: Isenberg, Tobias
name: Xie, Fuqi
name: Liang, Hai-Ning
name: Yu, Lingyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose and study a novel cross-reality environment that seamlessly integrates a monoscopic 2D surface (an interactive screen with touch and pen input) with a stereoscopic 3D space (an augmented reality HMD) to jointly host spatial data visualizations. This innovative approach combines the best of two conventional methods of displaying and manipulating spatial 3D data, enabling users to fluidly explore diverse visual forms using tailored interaction techniques. Providing such effective 3D data exploration techniques is pivotal for conveying its intricate spatial structures -- often at multiple spatial or semantic scales -- across various application domains and requiring diverse visual representations for effective visualization. To understand user reactions to our new environment, we began with an elicitation user study, in which we captured their responses and interactions. We observed that users adapted their interaction approaches based on perceived visual representations, with natural transitions in spatial awareness and actions while navigating across the physical surface. Our findings then informed the development of a design space for spatial data exploration in cross-reality. We thus developed cross-reality environments tailored to three distinct domains: for 3D molecular structure data, for 3D point cloud data, and for 3D anatomical data. In particular, we designed interaction techniques that account for the inherent features of interactions in both spaces, facilitating various forms of interaction, including mid-air gestures, touch interactions, pen interactions, and combinations thereof, to enhance the users' sense of presence and engagement. We assessed the usability of our environment with biologists, focusing on its use for domain research. In addition, we evaluated our interaction transition designs with virtual and mixed-reality experts to gather further insights.
description: 15 pages, 20 figures, IEEE VIS2024
Predicting the neutrinoless double-beta decay matrix element of $^{136}$Xe using a statistical approach
Creators: name: Horoi, Mihai
name: Neacsu, Andrei
name: Stoica, Sabin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculation of the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) for double-beta decay is of paramount importance for guiding experiments and for analyzing and interpreting the experimental data, especially for the search of the neutrinoless double beta decay mode ($0νββ$). However, there are currently still large differences between the NME values calculated by different methods, hence a quantification of their uncertainties is very much required. In this paper we propose a statistical analysis of $0νββ$ NME for the $^{136}Xe$ isotope, based on the interacting shell model, but using three independent effective Hamiltonians, emphasizing the range of the NMEs' most probable values and its correlations with observables that can be obtained from the existing nuclear data. Consequently, we propose a common probability distribution function for the $0νββ$ NME, which has a range of (1.55 - 2.65) at 90\% confidence level, with a mean value of 1.99 and a standard deviation of 0.37.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, and one table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2203.10577
Spectroscopic Analysis of an EIT Wave/Dimming Observed by Hinode/EIS
Creators: name: Chen, F.
name: Ding, M. D.
name: Chen, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: EIT waves are a wavelike phenomenon propagating outward from the coronal mass ejection (CME) source region, with expanding dimmings following behind. We present a spectroscopic study of an EIT wave/dimming event observed by Hinode/EIS. Although the identification of the wave front is somewhat affected by the pre-existing loop structures, the expanding dimming is well defined. We investigate the line intensity, width, and Doppler velocity for 4 EUV lines. In addition to the significant blue shift implying plasma outflows in the dimming region as revealed in previous studies, we find that the widths of all the 4 spectral lines increase at the outer edge of the dimmings. We illustrate that this feature can be well explained by the field line stretching model, which claims that EIT waves are apparently moving brightenings that are generated by the successive stretching of the closed field lines.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Levinson's theorem and higher degree traces for Aharonov-Bohm operators
Creators: name: Kellendonk, J.
name: Pankrashkin, K.
name: Richard, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Levinson type theorems for the family of Aharonov-Bohm models from different perspectives. The first one is purely analytical involving the explicit calculation of the wave-operators and allowing to determine precisely the various contributions to the left hand side of Levinson's theorem, namely those due to the scattering operator, the terms at 0-energy and at infinite energy. The second one is based on non-commutative topology revealing the topological nature of Levinson's theorem. We then include the parameters of the family into the topological description obtaining a new type of Levinson's theorem, a higher degree Levinson's theorem. In this context, the Chern number of a bundle defined by a family of projections on bound states is explicitly computed and related to the result of a 3-trace applied on the scattering part of the model.
description: 33 pages
Threshold Hydrophobicity for Inhibition of Salt Scale Formation on SAM-Modified Titania Nanotube Arrays
Creators: name: Shoute, Lian C.T.;; Hua, Weidi; Kisslinger, Ryan;; Thakur, Ujwal K.,; Zeng, Sheng;; Goswami, Ankur; Kumar, Pawan; Kar, Piyush; Shankar, K
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2018

Abstract
Discussion of "Statistical Inference: The Big Picture" by R. E. Kass
Creators: name: Stern, Hal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discussion of "Statistical Inference: The Big Picture" by R. E. Kass [arXiv:1106.2895]
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-STS337B the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Singularity in electron-core potential as a gateway to accurate multi-electron ionization spectra in strongly driven atoms
Creators: name: Emmanouilidou, Agapi
name: Peters, Matthew Benjamin
name: Katsoulis, Georgios Petros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a general three-dimensional semiclassical model as a powerful technique for the study of correlated multi-electron escape in atoms driven by infrared laser pulses at intensities where electron-electron correlation prevails. We do so in the context of triple ionization of strongly driven Ne. We show that a drawback of other current quantum mechanical and classical models of triple ionization is that they soften the Coulomb potential of each electron with the core. The model we employ fully accounts for the singularity in the Coulomb potentials of a recolliding electron with the core and a bound electron with the core as well as for the interaction of a recolliding with a bound electron. Our model treats approximately only the interaction between bound electrons through the use of effective potentials. These effective potentials ensure that no artificial autoionization takes place as a result of the full treatment of the electron-core potential. We demonstrate the accuracy of our model by obtaining triple ionization distributions of the sum of the final electron momenta which we find to be in very good agreement with experiments. Also, we explain the main features of these momenta distributions in terms of the prevalent pathways of correlated three-electron escape in Ne. We also show that the different ionization pathways prevailing in three-electron escape in strongly driven Ne versus Ar give rise to different momenta distributions in these two atoms.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2210.17394
Entanglement Creation and Storage in Two Qubits Coupling to an Anisotropic Heisenberg Spin Chain
Creators: name: Zhang, Chunlei
name: Zhu, Shiqun
name: Ren, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time evolution of the entanglement of a pair of two spin qubits is investigated when the two qubits simultaneously couple to an environment of an anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ spin chain. The entanglement of the two spin qubits can be created and is a periodic function of the time if the magnetic field is greater than a critical value. If the two spin qubits are in the Bell state, the entanglement can be stored with relatively large value even when the magnetic field is large.
description: 4figures,
Mathematical epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis co-infection
Creators: name: David, Jummy Funke
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The project deals with the analysis of a general dynamical model for the spread of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Co-infection. We capture in the model the dynamics of HIV/AIDS infected individuals and investigate their impacts in the progression of tuberculosis with and without TB treatment. It is shown that TB-only model and HIV-only model have locally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium when the basic reproduction number is less than unity and a unique endemic equilibrium exists when the basic reproduction number is greater than unity. We analyze the full HIV/AIDS-TB coinfection model and incorporate treatment strategy for the exposed and active forms of TB. The stability of equilibria is derived through the use of Van den Driessche method of generational matrix and Routh Harwitz stability criterion. Numerical simulations are provided to justify the analytical results and to investigate the effect of change of certain parameters on the co-infection. Sensitivity analysis shows that reducing the most sensitive parameters β₁ and β₂ could help to lower the basic reproduction number and thereby reducing the rate of infection. From the study, we conclude that treating latent and active forms of TB reduce the rate of infection, reduce the rate of progression of individuals to AIDS stage and lowers co-infection.
Additional file 4 of Predicting the nature of pleural effusion in patients with lung adenocarcinoma based on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Creators: name: Li, Yi
name: Mu, Wei
name: Li, Yuan
name: Song, Xiao
name: Huang, Yan
name: Jiang, Lei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table 2. Clinical and 18F-FDG PET/CT characteristics in the test cohort.
PREVis: Perceived Readability Evaluation for Visualizations
Creators: name: Cabouat, Anne-Flore
name: He, Tingying
name: Isenberg, Petra
name: Isenberg, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We developed and validated an instrument to measure the perceived readability in data visualization: PREVis. Researchers and practitioners can easily use this instrument as part of their evaluations to compare the perceived readability of different visual data representations. Our instrument can complement results from controlled experiments on user task performance or provide additional data during in-depth qualitative work such as design iterations when developing a new technique. Although readability is recognized as an essential quality of data visualizations, so far there has not been a unified definition of the construct in the context of visual representations. As a result, researchers often lack guidance for determining how to ask people to rate their perceived readability of a visualization. To address this issue, we engaged in a rigorous process to develop the first validated instrument targeted at the subjective readability of visual data representations. Our final instrument consists of 11 items across 4 dimensions: understandability, layout clarity, readability of data values, and readability of data patterns. We provide the questionnaire as a document with implementation guidelines on osf.io/9cg8j. Beyond this instrument, we contribute a discussion of how researchers have previously assessed visualization readability, and an analysis of the factors underlying perceived readability in visual data representations.
description: 11 pages, 35 pages appendix, 5 figures in main paper, additional 94 figures in appendix, paper to appear in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Framework for phase transitions between the Maxwell and Gibbs constructions
Creators: name: Constantinou, Constantinos
name: Zhao, Tianqi
name: Han, Sophia
name: Prakash, Madappa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By taking the nucleon-to-quark phase transition within a neutron star as an example, we present a thermodynamically consistent method to calculate the equation of state of ambient matter so that transitions that are intermediate to those of the familiar Maxwell and Gibbs constructions can be described. This method does not address the poorly known surface tension between the two phases microscopically (as, for example, in the calculation of the core pasta phases via the Wigner-Seitz approximation) but instead combines the local and global charge neutrality conditions characteristic of the Maxwell and Gibbs constructions, respectively. Overall charge neutrality is achieved by dividing the leptons to those that obey local charge neutrality (Maxwell) and those that maintain global charge neutrality (Gibbs). The equation of state is obtained by using equilibrium constraints derived from minimizing the total energy density. The results of this minimization are then used to calculate neutron star mass-radius curves, tidal deformabilities, equilibrium and adiabatic sound speeds, and nonradial $g$-mode oscillation frequencies for several intermediate constructions. Various quantities of interest transform smoothly from their Gibbs structures to those of Maxwell as the local-to-total electron ratio $η$, introduced to mimic the hadron-to-quark interface tension from $0$ (Gibbs) to $\infty$ (Maxwell), is raised from $0$ to $1$. A notable exception is the $g$-mode frequency for the specific case of $η=1$ for which a gap appears between the quark and hadronic branches.
description: 16 pages, 18 figures. Accepted by PRD. A Python realization of the framework uploaded to Github, https://github.com/sotzee/GibbsToMaxwell
Map reading under load : sex differences in learning digital maps
Creators: name: Ho, Simon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Imagine the following scenario: you’re at an unfamiliar location and you need to catch the bus to get home, however, you don’t know where the bus stop is. What do you do? In the modern world, the typical solution would be to open a map application on your smartphone and use it to determine the best route to your destination. Software developers are constantly improving mapping software with new features and design overhauls, but it is important to take a step back and ask how these factors might affect our ability to learn the information being presented. Are there cognitive factors that may help, or hinder, our ability to learn digital maps? A map reading experiment was devised to test the effect of cognitive load on map learning (Experiment 1). Participants learnt routes and landmarks under both low and high cognitive load. Our results show that high cognitive load hinders males’ ability to learn landmarks, while it hinders females’ ability to learn routes. A second experiment was conducted to determine the robustness of this effect. Map task difficulty was increased and our results show that the original 3-way interaction disappears when the demand on working memory becomes too high. Overall, our findings are in line with the existing literature on sex differences in map reading, and also indicates that 1) cognitive load plays a role in that relationship, and 2) a threshold exists for the effect once task difficulty is increased.
Phase diagram of CeVSb3 under pressure and its dependence on pressure conditions
Creators: name: Colombier, E.
name: Knebel, G.
name: Salce, B.
name: Mun, E. D.
name: Lin, X.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Canfield, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present temperature dependent resistivity and ac-calorimetry measurements of CeVSb3 under pressure up to 8 GPa in a Bridgman anvil cell modified to use a liquid medium and in a diamond anvil cell using argon as a pressure medium, respectively. We observe an initial increase of the ferromagnetic transition temperature Tc with pressures up to 4.5 GPa, followed by decrease of Tc on further increase of pressure and finally its disappearance, in agreement with the Doniach model. We infer a ferromagnetic quantum critical point around 7 GPa under hydrostatic pressure conditions from the extrapolation to 0 K of Tc and the maximum of the A coefficient from low temperature fits of the resistivity ρ(T)=ρ_{0}+AT^{n}. No superconductivity under pressure was observed down to 0.35 K for this compound. In addition, differences in the Tc(P) behavior when a slight uniaxial component is present are noticed and discussed and correlated to choice of pressure medium.
REPOSITIONING POLITICAL SCIENCE FOR NATION-BUILDING THROUGH PROFESSIONALISM - (A REVOLUTIONARY APPROACH)
Creators: name: Ogira, James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: 160609 Political Theory and Political Philosophy
subject: 160599 Policy and Administration not elsewhere classified
subject: 160603 Comparative Government and Politics

description: A paper presented at the 5th National Conference of the National Association of Political Science Students (NAPSS) at the University of Abuja, Nigeria. Tuesday, 21st September, 2021
Cosmology with the Galaxy Bispectrum Multipoles: Optimal Estimation and Application to BOSS Data
Creators: name: Ivanov, Mikhail M.
name: Philcox, Oliver H. E.
name: Cabass, Giovanni
name: Nishimichi, Takahiro
name: Simonović, Marko
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a framework for self-consistent cosmological analyses of the full-shape anisotropic bispectrum, including the quadrupole $(\ell=2)$ and hexadecapole $(\ell=4)$ moments. This features a novel window-free algorithm for extracting the latter quantities from data, derived using a maximum-likelihood prescription. Furthermore, we introduce a theoretical model for the bispectrum multipoles (which does not introduce new free parameters), and test both aspects of the pipeline on several high-fidelity mocks, including the PT Challenge suite of gigantic cumulative volume. This establishes that the systematic error is significantly below the statistical threshold, both for the measurement and modeling. As a realistic example, we extract the large-scale bispectrum multipoles from BOSS DR12 and analyze them in combination with the power spectrum data. Assuming a minimal $Λ$CDM model, with a BBN prior on the baryon density and a \textit{Planck} prior on $n_s$, we can extract the remaining cosmological parameters directly from the clustering data. The inclusion of the unwindowed higher-order $(\ell>0)$ large-scale bispectrum multipoles is found to moderately improve one-dimensional cosmological parameter posteriors (at the $5\%-10\%$ level), though these multipoles are detected only in three out of four BOSS data segments at $\approx 5σ$. Combining information from the power spectrum and bispectrum multipoles, the real space power spectrum, and the post-reconstructed BAO data, we find $H_0 = 68.2\pm 0.8~\mathrm{km}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, $Ω_m =0.33\pm 0.01$ and $σ_8 = 0.736\pm 0.033$ (the tightest yet found in perturbative full-shape analyses). Our estimate of the growth parameter $S_8=0.77\pm 0.04$ agrees with both weak lensing and CMB results.
description: 40 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables; estimators and data are publicly available at https://github.com/oliverphilcox/Spectra-Without-Windows
Infants’ performance on sociomoral evaluation tasks predicts parent report of preschool social functioning
Creators: name: Tan, Enda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The present study examined developmental continuity in social functioning from infancy to preschool. Specifically, we examined the relationships between infants’ performance on sociomoral evaluation studies and parent report of their preschool social functioning. Infants’ performance, emotional stability (fuss-out rate), and average habituation rate in moral evaluation tasks were collected. Preschool social functioning was measured through parent-report online scales. The results showed 1) that better performance on infant moral evaluation studies was associated with lower rates of parent report of preschool attention problems, social responsiveness problems, and callousness-unemotional traits, as well as higher rates of parent report of adaptive social skills, 2) that fuss-out rate across infant moral evaluation studies was positively associated with parent report of preschool anxiety, depression, and withdrawal, 3) that the relationships between the performance on infant moral evaluation studies and parent-report preschool functioning were stronger for males than for females, and that 4) these relationships were domain-specific. Together these findings provide preliminary evidence for longitudinal continuity in social functioning from infancy to preschool.
title: Numerical simulations of the CME on 2010 April 8
Creators: name: Su, Yingna
name: Kliem, Bernhard
name: Ballegooijen, Adriaan van
name: Deluca, Edward
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: We present 3D zero-beta ideal MHD simulations of the solar flare/CME event that occurred in Active Region 11060 on 2010 April 8. The initial magnetic configurations of the two simulations are stable nonlinear force-free field and unstable magnetic field models constructed by Su et al. (2011) using the flux rope insertion method. The MHD simulations confirm that the stable model relaxes to a stable equilibrium, while the unstable model erupts as a CME. Comparisons between observations and MHD simulations of the CME are also presented.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 674
HDR NSF Evaluation Report 2020
Creators: name: Quarderer, Nathan
name: Montano, Patty
name: Gold, Anne U.
name: Lab, Earth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 50203 Environmental Education and Extension
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Education

description: Harnessing the Data RevolutionEarth Data Science Corps - Fulfilling Workforce Demand at the Intersection of Environmental Science and Data Science Program Findings About the Undergraduate Student Experience
The hot horizontal-branch stars in omega Centauri
Creators: name: Moehler, S.
name: Dreizler, S.
name: Lanz, T.
name: Bono, G.
name: Sweigart, A. V.
name: Calamida, A.
name: Nonino, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: UV observations of some massive globular clusters have revealed a significant population of stars hotter and fainter than the hot end of the horizontal branch (HB), the so-called blue hook stars. This feature might be explained either by the late hot flasher scenario where stars experience the helium flash while on the white dwarf cooling curve or by the progeny of the helium-enriched sub-population postulated to exist in some clusters. Previous spectroscopic analyses of blue hook stars in omega Cen and NGC 2808 support the late hot flasher scenario, but the stars contain much less helium than expected and the predicted C and N enrichment cannot be verified. We compare the observed effective temperatures, surface gravities, helium abundances, and carbon line strengths (where detectable) of our targets stars with the predictions of the two aforementioned scenarios. Moderately high resolution spectra of hot HB stars in the globular cluster omega Cen were analysed for radial velocity variations, atmospheric parameters, and abundances using LTE and non-LTE model atmospheres. We find no evidence of close binaries among our target stars. All stars below 30,000K are helium-poor and very similar to HB stars observed in that temperature range in other globular clusters. In the temperature range 30,000K to 50,000K, we find that 28% of our stars are helium-poor (log(He/H) < -1.6), while 72% have roughly solar or super-solar helium abundance (log(He/H) >= -1.5). We also find that carbon enrichment is strongly correlated with helium enrichment, with a maximum carbon enrichment of 3% by mass. A strong carbon enrichment in tandem with helium enrichment is predicted by the late hot flasher scenario, but not by the helium-enrichment scenario. We conclude that the helium-rich HB stars in omega Cen cannot be explained solely by the helium-enrichment scenario invoked to explain the blue main sequence.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, uses aa.cls (included), A&A in press
Reverse Algols and hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars from very massive binaries
Creators: name: Sen, K.
name: Langer, N.
name: Pauli, D.
name: Gräfener, G.
name: Schootemeijer, A.
name: Sana, H.
name: Shenar, T.
name: Mahy, L.
name: Wang, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive star feedback affects the evolution of galaxies, where the most massive stars may have the largest impact. The majority of massive stars are born as members of close binary systems. Here, we investigate detailed evolutionary models of very massive binaries (30$\dots$90$M_{\odot}$) with Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) metallicity. We identify four effects defying the conventional knowledge of binary evolution, which are all related to the proximity of the models to the Eddington limit. We find that the majority of systems undergo mass transfer during core hydrogen burning. During the ensuing nuclear timescale evolution, many mass donors remain more massive than their companions (``reverse Algols''), and nuclear timescale mass transfer may be interrupted or absent altogether. Furthermore, due to the elevated luminosity-to-mass ratio, many of the core-hydrogen burning donors may develop Wolf-Rayet-type winds, at luminosities where single stars would not. We identify observational counterparts of very massive reverse Algol binaries in the LMC, and discuss their contribution to the observed hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars. We argue that an understanding of very massive Algol systems is key to predicting the advanced evolution of very massive binaries, including their ability to evolve into observable gravitational wave sources.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, proposed for acceptance in A&A. Animation at https://zenodo.org/record/4068428#.Y-SrOtLMKV4
Aspects of Quantum Field Theory on Quantum Spacetime
Creators: name: Piacitelli, Gherardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a minimal, self-contained introduction to the covariant DFR flat quantum spacetime, and to some partial results for the corresponding quantum field theory. Explicit equations are given in the Dirac notation.
description: 25 pages, active hyperlinks. Corfu Summer Institute on Elementary Particles and Physics - Workshop on Non Commutative Field Theory and Gravity, September 8-12, 2010, Corfu Greece
Spectral analysis of resonant x-ray scattering in CeB6 under an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Nagao, Tatsuya
name: Igarashi, Jun-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) spectra of CeB_{6} in an antiferroquadrupole (AFQ) ordering phase, near the Ce L_3 edge under the applied magnetic field H // (-1,1,0). On the basis of a localized electron model equipped with a mechanism that the RXS signal is brought about by the intra-atomic Coulomb interaction in Ce, we calculate the RXS spectra. The obtained spectra exhibit two contributions around the electric dipole (E1) and quadrupole (E2) positions, and differ drastically when the orientation of H is reversed. The difference is brought about by the cross terms between the even-rank AFQ and magnetic-induced odd-rank contributions. At the E1 region, the relevant cross term is the one within the E1 process, while at the E2 region, they are ones within the E2 process and between the E1 and E2 processes. These findings capture the characteristic features the recent experimental data show, and provide a strong support and information of the field-induced multipole orderings. We also evaluate the RXS spectra near the L_{2} edge. Though the results show no E2 contribution, we find that the intensity around the E1 transition, which is as large as that at the L_{3} edge, can be detected experimentally.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
title: C / N ratio, stable isotope (δ 13 C, δ 15 N), and n-alkane patterns of brown mosses along hydrological gradients of low-centred polygons of the Siberian Arctic
Creators: name: Zibulski, Romy
name: Wesener, Felix
name: Wilkes, Heinz
name: Plessen, Birgit
name: Pestryakova, Luidmila A.
name: Herzschuh, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Mosses are a major component of the arctic vegetation, particularly in wetlands. We present C / N atomic ratio, delta C-13 and delta N-15 data of 400 brown-moss samples belonging to 10 species that were collected along hydrological gradients within polygonal mires located on the southern Taymyr Peninsula and the Lena River delta in northern Siberia. Additionally, n-alkane patterns of six of these species (16 samples) were investigated. The aim of the study is to see whether the inter-and intraspecific differences in C / N, isotopic compositions and n-alkanes are indicative of habitat, particularly with respect to water level. Overall, we find high variability in all investigated parameters for two different moisture-related groups of moss species. The C / N ratios range between 11 and 53 (median: 32) and show large variations at the intraspecific level. However, species preferring a dry habitat (xero-mesophilic mosses) show higher C / N ratios than those preferring a wet habitat (meso-hygrophilic mosses). The delta C-13 values range between 37.0 and 22.5% (median D 27.8 %). The delta N-15 values range between 6.6 and C 1.7%(median D 2.2 %). We find differences in delta C-13 and delta N-15 compositions between both habitat types. For some species of the meso-hygrophilic group, we suggest that a relationship between the individ-ual habitat water level and isotopic composition can be inferred as a function of microbial symbiosis. The n-alkane distribution also shows differences primarily between xeromesophilic and meso-hygrophilic mosses, i. e. having a dominance of n-alkanes with long (n-C29, n-C31 /and intermediate (n-C25 /chain lengths, respectively. Overall, our results reveal that C / N ratios, isotopic signals and n-alkanes of studied brown-moss taxa from polygonal wetlands are characteristic of their habitat.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 672
Evidence of Explosive Evaporation in a Microflare Observed by Hinode/EIS
Creators: name: Chen, F.
name: Ding, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of explosive chromospheric evaporation during a microflare which occurred on 2007 December 7 as observed with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) onboard Hinode. We find temperature-dependent upflows for lines formed from 1.0 to 2.5 MK and downflows for lines formed from 0.05 to 0.63 MK in the impulsive phase of the flare. Both the line intensity and the nonthermal line width appear enhanced in most of the lines and are temporally correlated with the time when significant evaporation was observed. Our results are consistent with the numerical simulations of flare models, which take into account a strong nonthermal electron beam in producing the explosive chromospheric evaporation. The explosive evaporation observed in this microflare implies that the same dynamic processes may exist in events with very different magnitudes.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Digitally connected, socially disconnected : can smartphones compromise the benefits of interacting with others?
Creators: name: Kushlev, Kostadin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Since the first computers began entering people’s homes more than 30 years ago, human-computer interactions (HCI) have become central to people’s everyday activities. A decade later, the Internet powered another technological revolution by connecting computers and transforming how people connect with one another. And less than 10 years ago, the advent of ultraportable computing devices such as smartphones has marked the beginning of yet another technological age—one in which people can connect to unlimited digital worlds everywhere they go. In this digital age of pervasive computing, people can foster a sense of connectedness with others virtually anywhere. But could this ubiquitous connectivity have hidden costs for the fabric of people’s nondigital social lives? To provide an initial insight into this question, I examine how smartphones may be affecting both the quality and the quantity of people’s in-person social interactions. I show that smartphones can fracture attention and compromise the social connectedness parents reap when spending time with their children at a summer festival (Study 1) and at a science museum (Study 2). Beyond the realm of close relationships, I find preliminary evidence that smartphones may affect the social and emotional benefits people realize when they have the opportunity to forge new relationships—both while having food together (Study 3) and while waiting together (Study 4). And, using nationally representative data from the World Values Survey (Study 5) and data from a controlled experiment (Study 6), I show that smartphones may be affecting the broader social fabric of society by compromising opportunities to cultivate a sense of trust in others. Finally, I theorize more broadly about how and when ubiquitous connectivity may undermine or support social and emotional well-being. Specifically, I propose factors that may both moderate and mediate (e.g., asynchronisity, capitalization, social signaling) the effects of ubiquitous connectivity.
One-loop inelastic amplitudes from tree-level elasticity in 2d
Creators: name: Polvara, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the perturbative integrability of different quantum field theories in 1+1 dimensions at one loop. Starting from massive bosonic Lagrangians with polynomial-like potentials and absence of inelastic processes at the tree level, we derive a formula reproducing one-loop inelastic amplitudes for arbitrary numbers of external legs. We show that any one-loop inelastic amplitude is equal to its tree-level version, in which the masses of particles and propagators are corrected by one-loop bubble diagrams. These amplitudes are nonzero in general and counterterms need to be added to the Lagrangian to restore the integrability at one loop. For the class of simply-laced affine Toda theories, we show that the necessary counterterms are obtained by scaling the potential with an overall multiplicative factor, proving in this way the one-loop integrability of these models. Even though we focus on bosonic theories with polynomial-like interactions, we expect that the on-shell techniques used in this paper to compute amplitudes can be applied to several other models.
description: 50 pages, 17 figures. References added
Compositional security certification methodology
Creators: name: Rico, José Emilio
name: Bañón, Miguel
name: Ortega, Alvaro
name: Hametner, Reinhard
name: Blasum, Holger
name: Hager, Michal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Compositional assurance
MILS
maintenance
certification methodology

description: The compositional security certification methodology as presented in this document is the certification approach to be used in the scope of MILS security evaluations and certifications. The approach also provides means to integrate/compose compliant and certified components. It briefly presents the different options for certification regarding the structure of the composition, including specific information covering Common Criteria and IEC 62443. Concrete requirements for developers and methodology for evaluators is given so that the evaluation and certification process is supported through the use of this document, in addition to the requirements and methodology existent for both Common Criteria and IEC 62443. An assurance continuity approach is followed in order to allow the certificate maintenance remain while analyzing the patch management carried out by developers to their composite products.
Manipulation of the motion of polyatomic molecules by AC and DC Stark deceleration
Creators: name: Nourbakhsh, Omid
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: A conventional DC Stark decelerator, consisting of 180 stages, was constructed and tested. The experimental setup was characterized using ammonia (NH₃) as the reference molecule. Resonance Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization method (REMPI) was used to detect the ammonia molecules. Deceleration of ammonia molecules was observed and improved by optimizing the design and simulations. Bunching of the molecules with the decelerator electrodes was implemented to improve the signal. The design was optimized by removing the hexapole which was between the nozzle and the decelerator, and also by reducing the distance between the detection point and the decelerator. Finally, deceleration of ammonia molecules from 425 m/s to 27.9 m/s (~1.5 K) was demonstrated. Sulphur deuteride (𝑆𝐷 radical) as a new sample was decelerated. Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) of the excited 𝑆𝐷 radicals was collected as the detection method. Deceleration of 𝑆𝐷 radicals in the | X²Π₃/₂,ν=0,J=3/2,Mj=-3/2〉 energy state from 440 m/s to 301 m/s, and deceleration of 𝑆𝐷 radicals in the | X²Π₃/₂,ν=0,J=5/2,Mj=-5/2〉 energy state from 440 m/s to 415 m/s was obtained. A deceleration scheme was presented to obtain separate and sate purified decelerated packets of SD radicals in J=3/2 and J=5/2. The Cavity Enhanced Laser Induced Fluorescence (CELIF) method for measuring the absolute density of the Stark decelerated molecular packets was explained, and the first steps toward its implementation were taken. In parallel with the DC Stark decelerator a prototype superconducting microwave cavity was designed, constructed, and characterized to be used for future AC Stark deceleration experiments. An electrochemical plating method was used to coat the copper microwave cavity with a lead-tin (Pb-Sn) alloy. An unloaded quality factor of 10⁶ was obtained for the superconducting cavity. The possibility of deceleration with the superconducting cavity is discussed.