cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A $p$-Adic Matter in a Closed Universe
Creators: name: Dragovich, Branko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce a new type of matter that has origin in $p$-adic strings, i.e., strings with a $p$-adic worldsheet. We investigate some properties of this $p$-adic matter, in particular its cosmological aspects. We start with crossing symmetric scattering amplitudes for $p$-adic open strings and related effective nonlocal and nonlinear Lagrangian which describes tachyon dynamics at the tree level. Then, we make a slight modification of this Lagrangian and obtain a new Lagrangian for non-tachyonic scalar field. {Using this new Lagrangian in the weak field approximation as a matter in Einstein gravity with the cosmological constant, one obtains an exponentially expanding FLRW closed universe.} At the end, we discuss the obtained results, i.e., computed mass of the scalar $p$-adic particle, estimated radius of related closed universe and noted $p$-adic matter as a possible candidate for dark matter.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Multiscale Substitution Tilings
Creators: name: Smilansky, Yotam
name: Solomon, Yaar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C23, 52C22 (Primary) 37B10, 37C30, 05B45, 05C21, 37A05 (Secondary)

description: We introduce a new general framework for constructing tilings of Euclidean space, which we call multiscale substitution tilings. These tilings are generated by substitution schemes on a finite set of prototiles, in which multiple distinct scaling constants are allowed. This is in contrast to the standard case of the well-studied substitution tilings which includes examples such as the Penrose and the pinwheel tilings. Under an additional irrationality assumption on the scaling constants, our construction defines a new class of tilings and tiling spaces, which are intrinsically different from those that arise in the standard setup. We study various structural, geometric, statistical and dynamical aspects of these new objects and establish a wide variety of properties. Among our main results are explicit density formulas and the unique ergodicity of the associated tiling dynamical systems.
description: 49 pages, 14 figures. Revision after the referee report. The lower bound on the discrepancy in chapter 8 has been improved. To appear in the Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society
Machine Learning Classification of Peaceful Countries: A Comparative Analysis and Dataset Optimization
Creators: name: Lian, K.
name: Liebovitch, L. S.
name: Wild, M.
name: West, H.
name: Coleman, P. T.
name: Chen, F.
name: Kimani, E.
name: Sieck, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6
subject: 62H30

description: This paper presents a machine learning approach to classify countries as peaceful or non-peaceful using linguistic patterns extracted from global media articles. We employ vector embeddings and cosine similarity to develop a supervised classification model that effectively identifies peaceful countries. Additionally, we explore the impact of dataset size on model performance, investigating how shrinking the dataset influences classification accuracy. Our results highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with using large-scale text data for peace studies.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Explaining and Forecasting Results of The Self-Sufficiency Project
Creators: name: Ferrall, Christopher
name: Ferrall, Christopher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Dynamic Household Behavior
subject: Welfare Policy
subject: Controlled Experiments
subject: GMM

description: This paper models the SelfSufficiency Project (SSP), a controlled randomized experiment concerning welfare. The model of household behavior includes stochastic labor market skill, job opportunities, and value of nonlabor market time. All the variation within and between treatment groups, jurisdictions (provinces), demographic groups, and subexperiments is derived from four underlying sources: policy variation, endogenous selection into the experimental samples, the SSP treatments themselves, and different mixtures over 4 underlying types. Using the variation within the treatment group is quantitatively important for identifying the complex model: Efficient GMM the parameters are estimated precisely and variation within the treatment group is much more important for identification than either variation within the control group or between treatment and control groups. The model tracks the primary moments well within sample and outofsample except for underestimating the difference in the entry sample. Predictions of the estimated model are computed for different welfare reform experiments. The details of the design are critical for interpretation of the results and it appears that the small SSP+ treatment may have longer lasting impacts than the an insample impact analysis would suggest.
Evolution of the Synchrotron Spectrum in Mrk421 during the 1998 Campaign
Creators: name: Tanihata, Chiharu
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
name: Kataoka, Jun
name: Madejski, Greg M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The uninterrupted 7-day ASCA observations of the TeV blazar Mrk421 in 1998 have clearly revealed that X-ray flares occur repeatedly. In this paper, we present the results of the time-resolved spectral analysis of the combined data taken by ASCA, RXTE, BeppoSAX, and EUVE. In this object - and in many other TeV blazars - the precise measurement of the shape of the X-ray spectrum, which reflects the high energy portion of the synchrotron component, is crucial in determining the high energy cutoff of the accelerated electrons in the jet. Thanks to the simultaneous broadband coverage, we measured the 0.1-25 keV spectrum resolved on time scales as short as several hours, providing a great opportunity to investigate the detailed spectral evolution at the flares. By analyzing the time subdivided observations, we parameterize the evolution of the synchrotron peak, where the radiation power dominates, by fitting the combined spectra with a quadratic form (where the vFv flux at the energy E obeys log vFv(E)=log(vFv_peak) - const x (log E - log Epeak)^2). In this case, we show that there is an overall trend that the peak energy Ep and peak flux vFvp both increase or decrease together. The relation of the two parameters is best described as Ep \propto vFvp^{0.7} for the 1998 campaign. Similar results were derived for the 1997 observation, while the relation gave a smaller index when included both 1997 and 1998 data. On the other hand, we show that this relation, and also the detailed spectral variations, differ from flare to flare within the 1998 campaign. We suggest that the observed features are consistent with the idea that flares are due to a appearance of a new spectral component. With the availability of the simultaneous TeV data, we also show that there exists a clear correlation between the synchrotron peak flux and the TeV flux.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, to appear in ApJ
Monmouth University National Poll: Late June 2020 Coronavirus
Creators: name: Monmouth University Polling Institute
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: President Donald Trump job approval (1); country going in right direction/wrong track (1); current financial status (1); coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak (2); government responses to coronavirus outbreak (4); laid off from work (3); registered to vote (1); voter likelihood (2); 2020 general election (10); 2020 presidential candidates (4); race relations and values (15); Defund the Police meaning (1).
Chemical kinetics of steam reforming reactions in millisecond catalytic wall reactors for hydrogen production
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Chemical kinetics is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is to be contrasted with thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a process occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate. Thermodynamics is time's arrow, while chemical kinetics is time's clock. Chemical kinetics relates to many aspects of engineering and thus has far-reaching implications. The principles of chemical kinetics apply to purely physical processes as well as to chemical reactions. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0002-5022-6863, E-mail address: koncjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
3-D Simulations of MHD Jets - The Stability Problem
Creators: name: Nakamura, Masanori
name: Meier, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-relativistic three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of Poynting-flux-dominated (PFD) jets are presented. Our study focuses on the propagation of strongly magnetized hypersonic but sub-Alfvénic flow ($C_{\rm s}^2 << V_{\rm jet}^2 < V_{\rm A}^2$) and the development of a current-driven (CD) kink instability. This instability may be responsible for the "wiggled" structures seen in VLBI-scale AGN jets. In the present paper we investigate the nonlinear behavior of PFD jets in a variety of external ambient magnetized gas distributions, including those with density, pressure, and temperature gradients. Our numerical results show that PFD jets can develop kink distortions in the trans-Alfvénic flow case, even when the flow itself is still strongly magnetically dominated. In the nonlinear development of the instability, a non-axisymmetric mode grows on time scales of order the Alfvén crossing time (in the jet frame) and proceeds to disrupt the kinematic and magnetic structure of the jet. Because of a large scale poloidal magnetic field in the ambient medium, the growth of surface modes ({\it i.e.}, MHD Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities) is suppressed. The CD kink mode ($m = 1$) grows faster than the other higher order modes ($m > 1$), driven in large part by the radial component of the Lorentz force.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; to appear in Plasmas in the Laboratory and in the Universe, Como, Italy, 16-19 Sep, 2003
The effects of writing in an applied calculus course: An analysis of performance and errors
Creators: name: Hackett, Linda Diane
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This research study investigated the performance on a departmental final of students who wrote about their errors and misconceptions in complete sentences using correct mathematical terminology compared to students who did not write in complete sentences about their errors and misconceptions. The subjects in this study were primarily freshmen in six fall semester sections of Applied Calculus at a major university. The researcher taught the experimental and first control sections, while the four other sections were taught by four full-time faculty members. The statistical data was gathered from the departmental common final which had been given to all sections simultaneously. The experimental group was required to correct problems by identifying the errors made, describing the appropriate procedure to solve the problem using correct mathematical terminology, vocabulary, and complete sentences, and by providing a complete corrected solution with verification. The first control group's only requirement was to provide a complete corrected solution with verification. The remaining four sections of Applied Calculus, the second control group, had no requirements for correcting mistakes on their examinations. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were employed to analyze and describe the achievements of the students. For the quantitative analysis, the performance of the students was evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test on the final scores from the departmental common final. From the statistical analyses, the experimental group performed on average significantly better than the second control group on the departmental common final. The experimental group also performed on average significantly better than the first control group on the departmental common final. There is statistical evidence the students in the first control group performed on average better than the second control on the departmental final. The qualitative portion of the study indicated the students in the experimental group who did through and complete error analyses did not repeat their conceptual errors on the final. The experimental and first control groups' test correction analyses indicated those who had conceptual errors on the final had a pattern of either incomplete or incorrect error analyses.
The impact of AGN feedback on the 1D power spectra from the Ly$α$ forest using the Horizon-AGN suite of simulations
Creators: name: Chabanier, Solène
name: Bournaud, Frédéric
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie
name: Yèche, Christophe
name: Armengaud, Eric
name: Peirani, Sébastien
name: Beckmann, Ricarda S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lyman-$α$ forest is a powerful probe for cosmology, but it is also strongly impacted by galaxy evolution and baryonic processes such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) feedback, which can redistribute mass and energy on large scales. We constrain the signatures of AGN feedback on the 1D power spectrum of the Lyman-$α$ forest using a series of eight hydro-cosmological simulations performed with the Adaptative Mesh Refinement code RAMSES. This series starts from the Horizon-AGN simulation and varies the sub-grid parameters for AGN feeding, feedback and stochasticity. These simulations cover the whole plausible range of feedback and feeding parameters according to the resulting galaxy properties. AGNs globally suppress the Lyman-$α$ power at all scales. On large scales, the energy injection and ionization dominate over the supply of gas mass from AGN-driven galactic winds, thus suppressing power. On small scales, faster cooling of denser gas mitigates the suppression. This effect increases with decreasing redshift. We provide lower and upper limits of this signature at nine redshifts between $z=4.25$ and $z=2.0$, making it possible to account for it at post-processing stage in future work given that running simulations without AGN feedback can save considerable amounts of computing resources. Ignoring AGN feedback in cosmological inference analyses leads to strong biases with 2\% shift on $σ_8$ and 1\% shift on $n_s$, which represents twice the standards deviation of the current constraints on $n_s$.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Spinors in Polar Form
Creators: name: Fabbri, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spinor fields are considered in a generally covariant environment where they can be written in the polar form. The polar form is the one in which spinorial fields are expressed as a module times the exponential of a complex pseudo-phase, and in this form the full spinorial field theory can in turn be expressed by employing only real tensorial quantities. Such a reformulation makes it possible to emphasize properties of the spinorial field theory, and this would enrich our understanding in ways that have never been followed up until this moment.
description: 11 pages
LRG-BEASTS: sodium absorption and Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere of WASP-94A b using NTT/EFOSC2
Creators: name: Ahrer, E.
name: Wheatley, P. J.
name: Kirk, J.
name: Gandhi, S.
name: King, G. W.
name: Louden, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an optical transmission spectrum for WASP-94A b, the first atmospheric characterisation of this highly-inflated hot Jupiter. The planet has a reported radius of $1.72^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$ R$_{\textrm{Jup}}$, a mass of only $0.456^{+0.032}_{-0.036}$ M$_{\textrm{Jup}}$, and an equilibrium temperature of $1508 \pm 75$ K. We observed the planet transit spectroscopically with the EFOSC2 instrument on the ESO New Technology Telescope (NTT) at La Silla, Chile: the first use of NTT/EFOSC2 for transmission spectroscopy. We achieved an average transit-depth precision of $128$ ppm for bin widths of $\sim200$ Angstrom. This high precision was achieved in part by linking Gaussian Process hyperparameters across all wavelength bins. The resulting transmission spectrum, spanning a wavelength range of $3800 - 7140$ Angstrom, exhibits a sodium absorption with a significance of $4.9\sigma$, suggesting a relatively cloud-free atmosphere. The sodium signal may be broadened, with a best fitting width of $78_{-32}^{+67}$ Angstrom in contrast to the instrumental resolution of $27.2 \pm 0.2$ Angstrom. We also detect a steep slope in the blue end of the transmission spectrum, indicating the presence of Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere of WASP-94A b. Retrieval models show evidence for the observed slope to be super-Rayleigh and potential causes are discussed. Finally, we find narrow absorption cores in the CaII H&K lines of WASP-94A, suggesting the star is enshrouded in gas escaping the hot Jupiter.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Race, religion, and civilization: The United States and Japan, 1868-1905
Creators: name: Henning, Joseph Michael
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation explores American and Japanese discourses on race, religion, and civilization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As the first Asian and non-Christian nation to become a modern power, Meiji Japan (1868-1912) presented an anomaly to Americans who assumed that civilization and progress were inseparable from Anglo-Saxon ancestry and Christianity. Acutely aware of this dilemma, Japanese officials worked to influence U.S. policy and public opinion. In diplomatic relations and the American press, they assured Americans that Japan had adopted the central tenets of Western civilization, which both nations identified as constitutional government, freedom of religion, and open commerce. In response, most Americans modified rather than jettisoned their assumptions about race and religion. To avoid separating civilization from Christianity, American diplomats, scholars, and missionaries depicted Japan as East Asia's guarantor of religious freedom. To avoid abandoning the concept of racial hierarchy, they categorized the Japanese as adoptive Anglo-Saxons who were promoting Western civilization and commerce. Americans manipulated Japan's success to confirm their belief that modern progress was synonymous with Anglo-Saxon ancestry and Christianity. To the satisfaction of the Japanese, this ensured revision of the unequal treaties and American sympathy in their wars with China (1894-95) and Russia (1904-05). Japan thus became a significant point of contention in American discourses on racial categorization and on the putative conflict between Christianity and secular progress. American depictions of Japan illuminate the process of identity construction. In the face of Japan's challenge, American observers felt constrained to protect the exclusiveness of their self-identity as white, civilized Christians. Doing so required the construction of new identities for the Japanese--identities that acknowledged their progress but distinguished them from other Asians. From this perspective, Japan was a remarkable exception among Asian nations. As an exception it disproved nothing about race or religion and served to underscore the ostensible backwardness of its neighbors. In order to fully appreciate the tenacity of the American faith in white, Christian superiority, we must understand the American response to the intellectual challenge of Meiji Japan.
Fusion and Breakup of Halo Nuclei
Creators: name: Hussein, M. S.
name: Canto, L. F.
name: Donangelo, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the effect of the coupling to the break-up channel on the total fusion involving a halo nucleus with a heavy target. We show that there is a competition between the hindrance arising from this coupling, mostly at above barrier energies, and the enhancement which ensues at sub-barrier energies owing to the static effect of the extended matter distribution and the coupling to the soft modes.
description: 7 pages,no figures
On the Prevalence, Impact, and Evolution of SQL Code Smells in Data-Intensive Systems
Creators: name: Muse, Biruk Asmare
name: Rahman, Mohammad Masudur
name: Nagy, Csaba
name: Cleve, Anthony
name: Khomh, Foutse
name: Antoniol, Giuliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Code smells indicate software design problems that harm software quality. Data-intensive systems that frequently access databases often suffer from SQL code smells besides the traditional smells. While there have been extensive studies on traditional code smells, recently, there has been a growing interest in SQL code smells. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study to investigate the prevalence and evolution of SQL code smells in open-source, data-intensive systems. We collected 150 projects and examined both traditional and SQL code smells in these projects. Our investigation delivers several important findings. First, SQL code smells are indeed prevalent in data-intensive software systems. Second, SQL code smells have a weak co-occurrence with traditional code smells. Third, SQL code smells have a weaker association with bugs than that of traditional code smells. Fourth, SQL code smells are more likely to be introduced at the beginning of the project lifetime and likely to be left in the code without a fix, compared to traditional code smells. Overall, our results show that SQL code smells are indeed prevalent and persistent in the studied data-intensive software systems. Developers should be aware of these smells and consider detecting and refactoring SQL code smells and traditional code smells separately, using dedicated tools.
Volunteers Help Stretch Local Budgets
Creators: name: Valente, Maureen Godsey
name: Valente, Maureen Godsey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Local governments have always used volunteers, especially in fire and rescue departments. But today, many local government officials are looking for and finding new opportunities to use volunteers to increase their organizations’ ability to provide services. This article shows how local officials can use volunteers, and gives suggestions and guidelines. But not even voluntarism is free of costs. Local officials need to consider training, insurance, equipment, and possibly adverse effects on paid personnel associated with volunteers.
Race, religion, and civilization: The United States and Japan, 1868-1905
Creators: name: Henning, Joseph Michael
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies

description: This dissertation explores American and Japanese discourses on race, religion, and civilization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As the first Asian and non-Christian nation to become a modern power, Meiji Japan (1868-1912) presented an anomaly to Americans who assumed that civilization and progress were inseparable from Anglo-Saxon ancestry and Christianity. Acutely aware of this dilemma, Japanese officials worked to influence U.S. policy and public opinion. In diplomatic relations and the American press, they assured Americans that Japan had adopted the central tenets of Western civilization, which both nations identified as constitutional government, freedom of religion, and open commerce. In response, most Americans modified rather than jettisoned their assumptions about race and religion. To avoid separating civilization from Christianity, American diplomats, scholars, and missionaries depicted Japan as East Asia's guarantor of religious freedom. To avoid abandoning the concept of racial hierarchy, they categorized the Japanese as adoptive Anglo-Saxons who were promoting Western civilization and commerce. Americans manipulated Japan's success to confirm their belief that modern progress was synonymous with Anglo-Saxon ancestry and Christianity. To the satisfaction of the Japanese, this ensured revision of the unequal treaties and American sympathy in their wars with China (1894-95) and Russia (1904-05). Japan thus became a significant point of contention in American discourses on racial categorization and on the putative conflict between Christianity and secular progress. American depictions of Japan illuminate the process of identity construction. In the face of Japan's challenge, American observers felt constrained to protect the exclusiveness of their self-identity as white, civilized Christians. Doing so required the construction of new identities for the Japanese--identities that acknowledged their progress but distinguished them from other Asians. From this perspective, Japan was a remarkable exception among Asian nations. As an exception it disproved nothing about race or religion and served to underscore the ostensible backwardness of its neighbors. In order to fully appreciate the tenacity of the American faith in white, Christian superiority, we must understand the American response to the intellectual challenge of Meiji Japan.
title: Genetic and phenotypic characterisation of mumps virus
Creators: name: Shorrock, Claire Ann
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2001

description: Virological techniques have previously been used to investigate mumps virus (MuV) replication in vitro and have led to a rapid expansion of our understanding of this virus. The cell line of choice has been Vero cells, however, recent studies have concluded that variants of the original MuV are selected upon passage in Vero cells. The aim of this thesis is to describe the effect of cell substrate on MuVs through genotypic and phenotypic analysis after growth of MuVs in different host cells.
 Data is presented which demonstrates that MuVs passaged in B95a or HeLa cells are of greater fitness than the parental Vero cell-grown viruses, when assayed to determine the titre of infectious virus produced. No adaptation period was required for growth of MuVs in B95a cells with the exception of one variant of the JL vaccine. An adaptation period was required for growth in HeLa cells. Only one of the viruses studied, a variant derived from Urabe vaccine, grew to a high inactivity titre in MRC-5 cells. Growth occurred after an initial adaptation period, suggesting a narrow bottleneck for virus growth in these cells and amino acid 431 in the HN protein is implicated in the adaptation to these cells. Sequence analysis of the two envelope glycoproteins implicates amino acids 92, 205, 255, 347, 392 and 526 in the HN protein of B95a and HeLa derived viruses as being responsible for phenotypic changes in plaque morphology and antigenicity but do not solely account for host cell tropism.
Weak first-order superfluid--solid quantum phase transitions
Creators: name: Kuklov, Anatoly
name: Prokof'ev, Nikolay
name: Svistunov, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study superfluid--solid zero-temperature transitions in two-dimensional lattice boson/spin models by Worm-Algorithm Monte Carlo simulations. We observe that such transitions are typically first-order with the exception of special high-symmetry points which require fine tuning in the Hamiltonian parameter space. We present evidence that the superfluid--checkerboard solid and superfluid--valence-bond solid transitions at half-integer filling factor are extremely weak first-order transitions and in small systems they may be confused with continuous or high-symmetry points.
description: 4 pages, revtex4, 6 figures
Unveiling the Galileon in a three-body system : scalar and gravitational wave production
Creators: name: Brax, Philippe
name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
name: Kuntz, Adrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the prospect of detecting cubic Galileons through their imprint on gravitational wave signals from a triple system. Namely, we consider a massive Black Hole (BH) surrounded by a binary system of two smaller BHs. We assume that the three BHs acquire a conformal coupling to the scalar field whose origin could be due to cosmology or to the galactic environment. In this case, the massive BH has a Vainshtein radius which englobes the smaller ones and suppresses the scalar effects on the motion of the binary system. On the other hand the two binaries can be outside each other's redressed Vainshtein radius calculated in the background of the central BH, allowing for a perturbative treatment of their dynamics. Despite the strong Vainshtein suppression, we find that the scalar effects on the binary system are slightly enhanced with respect to the static case and a significant amount of power can be emitted in the form of the Galileon scalar field, hence actively participating in the inspiralling phase. We compute the modification to the GW phase and show that it can lead to a detectable signal for large enough effective scalar coupling.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure. Version accepted for publication in JCAP
A price on warming with a supply chain directed market
Creators: name: Raffensperger, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Existing emissions trading system (ETS) designs inhibit emissions but do not constrain warming to any fxed level, preventing certainty of the global path of warming. Instead, they have the indirect objective of reducing emissions. They provide poor future price information. And they have high transaction costs for implementation, requiring treaties and laws. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a novel double-sided auction mechanism of emissions permits and sequestration contracts tied to temperature. This mechanism constrains warming for many (e.g., 150) years into the future and every auction would provide price information for this time range. In addition, this paper proposes a set of market rules and a bottom-up implementation path. A coalition of businesses begin implementation with jurisdictions joining as they are ready. The combination of the selected market rules and the proposed implementation path appear to incentivize participation. This design appears to be closer to "first best" with a lower cost of mitigation than any in the literature, while increasing the certainty of avoiding catastrophic warming. This design should also have a faster pathway to implementation. A numerical simulation shows surprising results, e.g., that static prices are wrong, prices should evolve over time in a way that contradicts other recent proposals, and "global warming potential" as used in existing ETSs are generally erroneous.
description: 1 page, 0 figures
The Inside Scoop: Acceptance and Rejection at the Journal of International Economics
Creators: name: Cherkashin, Ivan
name: Svetlana, Demidova
name: Imai, Susumu
name: Krishna, Kala
name: Cherkashin, Ivan
name: Svetlana, Demidova
name: Imai, Susumu
name: Krishna, Kala
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Publishing in Economics
subject: Performance evaluation
subject: Probit model
subject: Selection bias

description: There is little work on the inner workings of journals. What factors seem to a¤ect the ability to publish in a journal? Could simple rules (which are already used by some journals) like the immediate rejection of a signi cant minority of papers, help to streamline the process? At what cost? How well do journals seem to do in choosing papers? What can we say about the extent of type 1 and type 2 errors? Do editors seem to have uniform standards or are some harsher than others? We use data on submissions to the Journal of International Economics to help answer these questions.
An investigation of the relationship of teacher language to social competence of preschool children in accredited and non-accredited early childhood programs
Creators: name: Hermann, Hiltrun
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the accreditation status of child-care programs, teacher language and children's social competence. It looked at whether the accreditation status of child-care programs is related to the language that teachers use when talking with young children; whether accreditation status or teachers' language is associated with children's social competence; and whether there is an interactive effect of teacher language and gender on the social competence of girls compared to boys. The study was designed to be a comparative, descriptive study. Observations were conducted in 20 early-childhood programs. Ten were accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC); they were matched with tell programs that were non-accredited. In each classroom one researcher observed the teacher, and another researcher observed two girls and two boys, four to five years old. Data were collected using three instruments: the Program Information Form (PIF) to obtain necessary data from each program; the Caregiver Language Record (CLR) (Stone, 1991) to measure responsive versus restrictive elements of teacher language; and the Behavior Observation Record (BOR) to measure the social competence of children (Segal et al., 1987). It was hypothesized (a) that children's social competence is greater in classrooms where teachers use a higher percentage of responsive language; (b) that teachers use more responsive language in accredited programs; (c) that children's social competence is greater in accredited programs; and (d) that there is no significant interactive effect for girls compared to boys. As expected, study findings indicated that the teachers in NAEYC-accredited programs used significantly more responsive language than teachers in non-accredited programs. In addition, all teachers in this sample fell into the responsive category. In the area of social competence, as hypothesized, there was no interactive effect for girls compared to boys. In several areas the study found no statistical difference between children in accredited and non-accredited programs or between children with high versus low responsive teachers. In other areas, such as percent of time spent involved with others and aggressive behaviors, there were statistical differences, but they were contrary to expectation.
Bi-layer voter model: Modeling intolerant/tolerant positions and bots in opinion dynamics
Creators: name: Vega-Oliveros, Didier A.
name: Grande, Helder L. C.
name: Iannelli, Flavio
name: Vazquez, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diffusion of opinions in Social Networks is a relevant process for adopting positions and attracting potential voters in political campaigns. Opinion polarization, bias, targeted diffusion, and the radicalization of postures are key elements for understanding voting dynamics. In particular, social bots are a new element that can have a pronounced effect on the formation of opinions during elections by, for instance, creating fake accounts in social networks to manipulate elections. Here we propose a voter model incorporating bots and radical or intolerant individuals in the decision-making process. The dynamics of the system occur in a multiplex network of interacting agents composed of two layers, one for the dynamics of opinions where agents choose between two possible alternatives, and the other for the tolerance dynamics, in which agents adopt one of two tolerance levels. The tolerance accounts for the likelihood to change opinion in an interaction, with tolerant (intolerant) agents switching opinion with probability $1.0$ ($\gamma \le 1$). We find that intolerance leads to a consensus of tolerant agents during an initial stage that scales as $\tau^+ \sim \gamma^{-1} \ln N$, who then reach an opinion consensus during the second stage in a time that scales as $\tau \sim N$, where $N$ is the number of agents. Therefore, very intolerant agents ($\gamma \ll 1$) could considerably slow down dynamics towards the final consensus state. We also find that the inclusion of a fraction $\sigma_{\mathbb{B}}^-$ of bots breaks the symmetry between both opinions, driving the system to a consensus of intolerant agents with the bots' opinion. Thus, bots eventually impose their opinion to the entire population, in a time that scales as $\tau_B^- \sim \gamma^{-1}$ for $\gamma \ll \sigma_{\mathbb{B}}^-$ and $\tau_B^- \sim 1/\sigma_{\mathbb{B}}^-$ for $\sigma_{\mathbb{B}}^- \ll \gamma$.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures
Chemical and physical processes in millisecond catalytic wall reactors for hydrogen production
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Chemistry is the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances, the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these processes. Every substance, whether naturally occurring or artificially produced, consists of one or more of the hundred-odd species of atoms that have been identified as elements. Although these atoms, in turn, are composed of more elementary particles, they are the basic building blocks of chemical substances; there is no quantity of oxygen, mercury, or gold, for example, smaller than an atom of that substance. Physics is the science that deals with the structure of matter and the interactions between the fundamental constituents of the observable universe. In the broadest sense, physics (from the Greek physikos) is concerned with all aspects of nature on both the macroscopic and submicroscopic levels. Its scope of study encompasses not only the behaviour of objects under the action of given forces but also the nature and origin of gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear force fields. Its ultimate objective is the formulation of a few comprehensive principles that bring together and explain all such disparate phenomena. Physics is the basic physical science. Until rather recent times physics and natural philosophy were used interchangeably for the science whose aim is the discovery and formulation of the fundamental laws of nature. Physics plays an important role in all the natural sciences, however, and all such fields have branches in which physical laws and measurements receive special emphasis. Physics can, at base, be defined as the science of matter, motion, and energy. Its laws are typically expressed with economy and precision in the language of mathematics. Both experiment, the observation of phenomena under conditions that are controlled as precisely as possible, and theory, the formulation of a unified conceptual framework, play essential and complementary roles in the advancement of physics. Physical experiments result in measurements, which are compared with the outcome predicted by theory. A theory that reliably predicts the results of experiments to which it is applicable is said to embody a law of physics. However, a law is always subject to modification, replacement, or restriction to a more limited domain, if a later experiment makes it necessary. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0002-5022-6863, E-mail address: koncjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
An investigation of the relationship of teacher language to social competence of preschool children in accredited and non-accredited early childhood programs
Creators: name: Hermann, Hiltrun
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the accreditation status of child-care programs, teacher language and children's social competence. It looked at whether the accreditation status of child-care programs is related to the language that teachers use when talking with young children; whether accreditation status or teachers' language is associated with children's social competence; and whether there is an interactive effect of teacher language and gender on the social competence of girls compared to boys. The study was designed to be a comparative, descriptive study. Observations were conducted in 20 early-childhood programs. Ten were accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC); they were matched with tell programs that were non-accredited. In each classroom one researcher observed the teacher, and another researcher observed two girls and two boys, four to five years old. Data were collected using three instruments: the Program Information Form (PIF) to obtain necessary data from each program; the Caregiver Language Record (CLR) (Stone, 1991) to measure responsive versus restrictive elements of teacher language; and the Behavior Observation Record (BOR) to measure the social competence of children (Segal et al., 1987). It was hypothesized (a) that children's social competence is greater in classrooms where teachers use a higher percentage of responsive language; (b) that teachers use more responsive language in accredited programs; (c) that children's social competence is greater in accredited programs; and (d) that there is no significant interactive effect for girls compared to boys. As expected, study findings indicated that the teachers in NAEYC-accredited programs used significantly more responsive language than teachers in non-accredited programs. In addition, all teachers in this sample fell into the responsive category. In the area of social competence, as hypothesized, there was no interactive effect for girls compared to boys. In several areas the study found no statistical difference between children in accredited and non-accredited programs or between children with high versus low responsive teachers. In other areas, such as percent of time spent involved with others and aggressive behaviors, there were statistical differences, but they were contrary to expectation.
Isocurvature Fluctuations Induce Early Star Formation
Creators: name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
name: Zaroubi, Saleem
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early reionisation of the Universe inferred from the WMAP polarisation results, if confirmed, poses a problem for the hypothesis that scale-invariant adiabatic density fluctuations account for large-scale structure and galaxy formation. One can only generate the required amount of early star formation if extreme assumptions are made about the efficiency and nature of early reionisation. We develop an alternative hypothesis that invokes an additional component of a non-scale-free isocurvature power spectrum together with the scale-free adiabatic power spectrum for inflation-motivated primordial density fluctuations. Such a component is constrained by the Lyman alpha forest observations, can account for the small-scale power required by spectroscopic gravitational lensing, and yields a source of early star formation that can reionise the universe at z~20 yet becomes an inefficient source of ionizing photons by z~10, thereby allowing the conventional adiabatic fluctuation component to reproduce the late thermal history of the intergalactic medium.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Best practice for collar deployment of tri-axial accelerometers on a terrestrial quadruped to provide accurate measurement of body acceleration
Creators: name: Dickinson, Eleanor R.
name: Stephens, Philip A.
name: Marks, Nikki J.
name: Wilson, Rory P.
name: Scantlebury, David M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. The estimated coefficients of variables for each general linear model used: (1) effect of collar size and weight on VeDBA, (2) VeDBA measured by the harness and (3) difference between collar and harness. Bold font indicates that 95% confidence intervals for coefficients did not overlap zero.