Cleistopholis patens Engl. &amp; Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen. - Fam. 6: 35 1901
Creators: name: Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
name: Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
name: Crozier, Francoise
name: Ghogue, Jean-Paul
name: Hoekstra, Paul H.
name: Kamdem, Narcisse G.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Murray, Nancy A.
name: Sonke, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Cleistopholis
Cleistopholis patens

description: Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl. &amp; Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 35, 1901 Figs 22, 23; Map 3E ≡ Oxymitra patens Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 472, 1862. = Cleistopholis brevipetala Exell, J. Bot. 70 (Suppl. 1): 208, 1932. Type. Angola. Cabinda, <i>Gossweiler J. 6082</i>, 31 Dec 1915: holotype: BM[BM000546899]; isotypes: COI[COI00004874]; LISC[LISC000068, LISC000071, LISC000069, LISC000070]. = Cleistopholis klaineana Pierre ex Engl. &amp; Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 35, 1901, Cleistopholis patens var. klaineana Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France: 57, 1949.. Type. Gabon. Estuaire, Libreville, Klaine T.J. 345, 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0154075]; isotypes: P[P00362660, P00362656]. = Cleistopholis lucens De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. i. 465, 1922. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord-Kivu, entre Walikale et Lubutu, <i>Bequaert J. 2774</i>, 22 Fev 1922: holotype: BR[BR0000008820426]. = Cleistopholis pynaertii De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 4: 387, 1914. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, Eala, Pynaert L.A. 1083, 1 Fev 1907: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820419]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008820761, BR0000008820754]. = Cleistopholis verschuereni De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 4: 387, 1914. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Manie Malela, <i>Verschueren R. 358</i>, Fev 1913: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820389]; isotype: BR[BR0000008820433]. Type. Sierra Leone. Northern Region; Bagroo River, <i>Mann G. 828</i>, Apr 1861: lectotype, sheet here designed: K[K000880416]; isotypes: K[K000880417]; P[P00362653]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 60 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole (3-)10-20 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4.5-31 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, <b>oblong to narrowly oblong or oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate</b>, apex acute to acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, coriaceous, above glabrous when young and old, <b>shiny when dry, below glabrous when young and old, green</b>, concolorous; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 24 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young or old leafless branches, axillary, <b>peduncle absent</b>. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 9 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-25 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 15-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1 to 3, all basal, 1-2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 7-12 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, <b>obovate to oblong</b>, apex obtuse, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, <b>ovate to suborbicular</b>, apex rounded, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; stamens 25 to 30, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, pubescent, green; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 10, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma capitate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate (sometimes shortly so), <b>stipes 3-12 mm long</b>, <b>3-4 mm in diameter</b>; monocarps 3 to 6, 15-23 mm long, 11-25 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to globose, apex rounded, glabrous, <b>finely warty, constricted around seeds, bumpy</b>; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, ca. 12 mm long, 8-9 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. In West Africa, Senegal, Sierra Leone to Nigeria, and Central Africa from Cameroon to Uganda; in Cameroon known from South, Central, Littoral, South-West and East regions. Habitat. A very common species, mainly growing as a pioneer species in disturbed areas and along rain forest margins. Altitude 0-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. avom, sobu (pygmée Bibaya) (Letouzey 1964). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019g). Uses in Cameroon. <i>medicine</i>: bark used as pain-killers, against pulmonary troubles; leaves as vermifuges, fabrifuges; <i>construction</i>: building materials, furniture; <i>dyes and tannins</i>: astringents, insecticides, arachnicides; <i>products</i>: fiber, pulp, wood fire, exudations-gums, resins, farming, forestry, hunting and fishing apparatus, household, domestic and personal items, pastimes-carving, musical instruments; <i>social</i>: religion, superstitions, sayings, aphorisms. Notes. <i>Cleistopholis patens</i> closely resembles <i>C. glauca</i> by the shape and aspect of the flowers and the overall vegetative characters. However, both species differ by their inflorescences being pedunculate in <i>C. glauca</i> versus sessile, the leaves green below versus glaucous in <i>C. glauca</i> and the monocarps being bumpy and constricted around the seeds when dry versus to smooth and not bumpy when dry in <i>C. glauca</i>. Specimens examined. <b>Central Region</b>: Avome, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, <i>13 August 1945</i>, <i>Aubréville A.</i> 41 (P). <b>East Region</b>: 76 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.72°E, <i>05 March 2019</i>, <i>Couvreur T.L.P.</i> 1202 (MPU,WAG,YA); Dja Reserve, 3.17°N, 13.18°E, <i>07 October 1994</i>, <i>Fogiel M.K.</i> 947 (P); Deng Deng, 5.2°N, 13.51°E, <i>01 July 1939</i>, <i>Jacques-Félix H.</i> 4630 (P,WAG); Rives de la Boumba à 14 km à l’WSW de Kinsassa village situé à 65 km au NNE de Moloundou sur route de Yokadouma 2.58°N, 15.26°E, <i>07 March 1971</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 10523 (P,YA). <b>Littoral Region</b>: km 19 Loum-Yabassi 3 km N of Solé, 4.61°N, 9.8°E, <i>30 December 1971</i>, <i>Leeuwenberg A.J.M.</i> 9032 (YA,WAG). <b>South-West Region</b>: Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve, 4.55°N, 9.433°E, <i>15 June 1960</i>, <i>Adebusuyi J.K.</i> 44049 (WAG); S Bakundu Forest 3 km from Kindongi Camp (8 km from road), 4.49°N, 9.374°E, <i>02 May 1972</i>, <i>Leeuwenberg A.J.M.</i> 9785 (B,BR,C,K,M,MO,P,WAG,YA); 2 km W of km 21 Kumba-Victoria road, 4.46°N, 9.483°E, <i>04 May 1972</i>, <i>Leeuwenberg A.J.M.</i> 9828 (B,BR,C,K,LD,M,MO,P,WAG,YA); Bibundi, 4.21°N, 8.988°E, <i>08 November 1928</i>, <i>Mildbraed G.W.J.</i> 10640 (K); Korup National Park, 4.88°N, 8.783°E, <i>22 July 1983</i>, <i>Thomas D.W.</i> 2329 (MO,P,WAG,YA); Limbe (Victoria), 4.01°N, 9.133°E, <i>25 October 1997</i>, <i>van der Burgt X.M.</i> 219 (KRIBI,WAG).
description: Published as part of <i>Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. &amp; Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207</i> on pages 91-94, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432
description: {"references": ["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371", "Letouzey, R, 1964. Denominations pygmees de quelques arbres et arbustes forestiers camerounais. Journal d'Agriculture Tropicale et de Botanique Appliquee 11: 347 - 383, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1964.2784", "Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019g. Cleistopholis patens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T61984634A61984636. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T61984634A61984636.en"]}