cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the X Chromosomes in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Lieb, J. D.
name: Ercan, S.
name: Kelly, W. G.
name: Strome, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Dosage compensation, which regulates the expression of genes residing on the sex chromosomes, has provided valuable insights into chromatin-based mechanisms of gene regulation. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has adopted various strategies to down-regulate and even nearly silence the X chromosomes. This article discusses the different chromatin-based strategies used in somatic tissues and in the germline to modulate gene expression from the C. elegans X chromosomes and compares these strategies to those used by other organisms to cope with similar X-chromosome dosage differences.
Astrocyte Calcium Signaling: From Observations to Functions and the Challenges Therein
Creators: name: Khakh, Baljit S.
name: McCarthy, Ken D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: We provide an overview of recent progress on the study of astrocyte intracellular Ca2+ signaling. We consider the methods that have been used to monitor astrocyte Ca2+ signals, the various types of Ca2+ signals that have been discovered (waves, microdomains, and intrinsic fluctuations), the approaches used to broadly trigger and block Ca2+ signals, and, where possible, the proposed and demonstrated physiological roles for astrocyte Ca2+ signals within neuronal microcircuits. Although important progress has been made, we suggest that further detailed work is needed to explore the biophysics and molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling within entire astrocytes, including their fine distal extensions, such as processes that interact spatially with neurons and blood vessels. Improved methods are also needed to mimic and block molecularly defined types of Ca2+ signals within genetically specified populations of astrocytes. Moreover, it will be essential to study astrocyte Ca2+ activity in vivo to distinguish between pharmacological and physiological activity, and to study Ca2+ activity in situ to rigorously explore mechanisms. Once methods to reliably measure, mimic, and block specific astrocyte Ca2+ signals with high temporal and spatial precision are available, researchers will be able to carefully explore the correlative and causative roles that Ca2+ signals may play in the functions of astrocytes, blood vessels, neurons, and microcircuits in the healthy and diseased brain.
Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Formation
Creators: name: Bautch, Victoria L.
name: Caron, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Blood and lymphatic vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients, remove waste and CO2, and regulate interstitial pressure in tissues and organs. These vessels begin life early in embryogenesis using transcription factors and signaling pathways that regulate differentiation, morphogenesis, and proliferation. Here we describe how these vessels develop in the mouse embryo, and the signals that are important to their development.
In-silico drug design of Zeylanone and its derivatives against 6M0J for treatment of COVID-19 using molecular docking tools
Creators: name: Bhuia, Md. Shimul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310201
subject: Bioinformatic methods development

description: The pandemic COVID-19 resulted from the infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the most emergent global health issue. Particular and efficient antiviral therapy against SARS-Cov-2 is still lacking, so the refinement of effective antiviral drugs against the virus is urgently needed. The phytochemical Zeylanone (D) extracted from Plumbago zeylanica has strong antiviral activity with other pharmacological effects. SARS-Cov-2 affects the individual host cell because of its strong binding affinity with ACE2 of the lung's epithelial cells by which the virus enters the host cell. Zeylanone contains a great inhibitory effects against the virus due to its attaching affinity with the same receptor (ACE2). The aim of this study is to design better conformer due to the adequate potency and suitable pharmacokinetics of Zeylanone. We have designed several derivatives and docked them against potential targets such as ACE2 (PDB ID: 6M0J), the main protease (PDB ID: 6LU7), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (PDB ID: 7BTF) and PLpro (PDB ID: 7KOL) crystal structures of proteins collected from the RCSB PDB protein data bank. AutoDockVina was used for docking, and drug-likeness, toxicity, carcinogenicity as well as pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated using PreADMET, SwissDrugDesign, and the admetSAR@LMMD online database. The interaction site between drugs and proteins, pocket size, type and distance of non-bond interaction were assessed by PyMOL and Discovery Studio visualizer v4.5.0.15071. Finally, all of the compounds were optimized, and their thermodynamic data were computed using Gauss View (v5.0). According to our findings, the derivative D3 has the highest binding value of-10.1 kcal/mol against 6M0J (ACE2), while the parent drug has a binding value of-8.9 kcal/mol against the same target. The derived drugs formed drug-protein complexes with various non-bond interactions for example conventional hydrogen bonds, alkyl bonds, pi-alkyl bonds, and pi-pi T-shaped bonds. All the derivatives ensured us of their non-toxicity and better pharmacokinetics than the parent drug. According to our investigation results, D3 (derived drug) can be referred to as a prospective novel inhibitor against ACE2 for the maintenance and treatment of viral affected patients.
HIV Prevention by Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis
Creators: name: Heneine, W.
name: Kashuba, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The impressive advances in antiretroviral (ARV) therapy of chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections during the last decade and the availability of potent ARV drugs have fueled interest in using chemoprophylaxis as a novel HIV prevention strategy. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) refers to the use of ARV drugs in HIV-negative persons to prevent HIV infection. The rationale for PrEP builds on the success of ARV prophylaxis in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV and on a large body of animal studies that show the efficacy of PrEP against mucosal and parenteral infection. We focus on oral administration of ARV drugs for prevention of HIV infection. Identifying an effective prophylactic pill that individuals can take outside the setting of sexual intercourse precludes the necessity to disclose such use to their partners, thereby empowering those who might not be in a position to negotiate with their partners. Several human clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of daily regimens of the HIV reverse-transcriptase (RT) inhibitors tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or Truvada (TDF and emtricitabine [FTC]) are under way among high-risk populations. The results of one trial among men who have sex with men showed that daily Truvada was safe and effective, providing the first support for oral PrEP as a prevention strategy. Here we outline the preclinical and clinical research on oral PrEP, pharmacologic considerations, and future directions and challenges.
HIV-1 Pathogenesis: The Virus
Creators: name: Coffin, J.
name: Swanstrom, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Transmission of HIV-1 results in the establishment of a new infection, typically starting from a single virus particle. That virion replicates to generate viremia and persistent infection in all of the lymphoid tissue in the body. HIV-1 preferentially infects T cells with high levels of CD4 and those subsets of T cells that express CCR5, particularly memory T cells. Most of the replicating virus is in the lymphoid tissue, yet most of samples studied are from blood. For the most part the tissue and blood viruses represent a well-mixed population. With the onset of immunodeficiency, the virus evolves to infect new cell types. The tropism switch involves switching from using CCR5 to CXCR4 and corresponds to an expansion of infected cells to include naïve CD4+ T cells. Similarly, the virus evolves the ability to enter cells with low levels of CD4 on the surface and this potentiates the ability to infect macrophages, although the scope of sites where infection of macrophages occurs and the link to pathogenesis is only partly known and is clear only for infection of the central nervous system. A model linking viral evolution to these two pathways has been proposed. Finally, other disease states related to immunodeficiency may be the result of viral infection of additional tissues, although the evidence for a direct role for the virus is less strong. Advancing immunodeficiency creates an environment in which viral evolution results in viral variants that can target new cell types to generate yet another class of opportunistic infections (i.e., HIV-1 with altered tropism).
Optogenetic Strategies to Dissect the Neural Circuits that Underlie Reward and Addiction
Creators: name: Stamatakis, A. M.
name: Stuber, G. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Optogenetic strategies for perturbation of neural circuit function have begun to revolutionize systems neuroscience. Whereas optogenetics has proven to be a powerful approach for studying neural systems, the tools to conduct these experiments are still continuously evolving. Here we briefly summarize available hardware and reagents that can be used for studying behaviors related to reward and addiction. In addition, we discuss recent studies in which these strategies have been applied to study neural circuit function in brain slices as well as awake and behaving animals. Collectively, this work serves as a brief introduction to optogenetic techniques and highlights how these tools can be applied to elucidate the neural circuits that underlie reward processing and addiction.
Determining the determinants of emerging selection and orientation according to expert opinions
Creators: name: Ghalmia, abd ekhalim
name: beboucha, wahib
name: bengoua, ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Determining Determinants Emerging selection Orientation according Expert opinions.

description: The Object of the study aims to determine the determinants of selection and orientation in the light of the opinions of football experts to build and design a model in the future for an objective evaluation on a scientific basis codified in the process of selection and orientation for football players. In this study, the researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method for its relevance to the nature of the research. And to verify the objectives of this study, the researcher used a questionnaire containing a set of preparations for six basic  eterminants in the form of axes that came in succession, physical, motor determinants, skill determinants, morphological determinants, physiological determinants, psychological determinants and mental eterminants. After judging a sample of 42 professors and experts from all over the country and abroad, and after the statistical treatment used, the results showed that the selection and orientation of juniors to practise football is based on determinants that are comprehensive for a set of preparations and capabilities for the requirements of football
Interplay between heartbeat oscillations and wind outflow in microquasar IGR J17091-3624
Creators: name: Janiuk, Agnieszka
name: Grzedzielski, Mikolaj
name: Capitanio, Fiamma
name: Bianchi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the bright outburst in 2011, the black hole candidate IGR J17091-3624 exhibited strong quasi-periodic flare-like events (on timescales of tens of seconds) in some characteristic states, the so-called heartbeat state. From the theoretical point of view, these oscillations may be modeled by the process of accretion disk instability, driven by the dominant radiation pressure and enhanced heating of the plasma. Although the mean accretion rate in this source is probably below the Eddington limit, the oscillations will still have large amplitudes. As the observations show, the source can exhibit strong wind outflow during the soft state. This wind may help to partially or even completely stabilize the heartbeat. Using our hydrodynamical code GLADIS, we modeled the evolution of an accretion disk responsible for X-ray emission of the source. We accounted for a variable wind outflow from the disk surface. We examined the data archive from the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites to find the observed limitations on the wind physical properties, such as its velocity and ionization state. We also investigated the long-term evolution of this source, which lasted over about 600 days of observations, using the data collected by the Swift and RXTE satellites. During this long period, the oscillations pattern and the observable wind properties changed systematically. We found that this source probably exhibits observable outbursts of appropriate timescales and amplitudes as a result of the disk instability. Our model requires a substantial wind component to explain the proper variability pattern, and even complete suppression of flares in some states. The wind mass-loss rate extracted from the data agrees quantitatively well with our scenario.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY COMPOSITION IN URBAN LANDSCAPES IS SHAPED BY BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL FILTERING AND DISPERSAL LIMITATION
Creators: name: Roper-Edwards, Indigo R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: We assessed the relative importance of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation in structuring foliage- and ground-dwelling arthropod communities in central North Carolina.  We hypothesized that both the local environment and the dispersal distance between sites would predict community composition, but that dispersal distance would be more important for ground arthropods than for foliage arthropods. In both groups, variation in habitat characteristics was important in structuring communities, and the role of dispersal in structuring communities was much greater after accounting for variation in landscape connectivity. Our results demonstrate the importance of both dispersal limitation and environmental filtering in shaping community composition and emphasize the importance of variation in the landscape for modeling these forces. Examining communities of multiple arthropod groups across the same spatial gradient highlights the scale-dependence of these processes and illustrates how variation in the environment can alter the relative abundance of specialist and generalist taxa.
ADoTe: Approach to teaching and learning functional testing technique criteria supported by Testing Dojo
Creators: name: Belinski, Vladimir
name: Serra-Seca-Neto, Adolfo G
name: Emer, Maria Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The documents in this repository are supplementary material to the article “ADoTe: Approach to teaching and learning functional testing technique criteria supported by Testing Dojo”. They presents the objects, guidelines, and measurement instruments used in the executions of the controlled experiment conducted to evaluate ADoTe.
The Influence of Genetics on Cystic Fibrosis Phenotypes
Creators: name: Drumm, M.
name: Knowles, M. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Technological advances in genetics have made feasible and affordable large studies to identify genetic variants that cause or modify a trait. Genetic studies have been carried out to assess variants in candidate genes, as well as polymorphisms throughout the genome, for their associations with heritable clinical outcomes of cystic fibrosis (CF), such as lung disease, meconium ileus, and CF-related diabetes. The candidate gene approach has identified some predicted relationships, while genome-wide surveys have identified several genes that would not have been obvious disease-modifying candidates, such as a methionine sulfoxide transferase gene that influences intestinal obstruction, or a region on chromosome 11 proximate to genes encoding a transcription factor and an apoptosis controller that associates with lung function. These unforeseen associations thus provide novel insight into disease pathophysiology, as well as suggesting new therapeutic strategies for CF.
Jupiter's unearthly jets: a new turbulent model exhibiting statistical steadiness without large-scale dissipation
Creators: name: Thomson, Stephen I.
name: McIntyre, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A longstanding mystery about Jupiter has been the straightness and steadiness of its weather-layer jets, quite unlike terrestrial strong jets with their characteristic unsteadiness and long-wavelength meandering. The problem is addressed in two steps. The first is to take seriously the classic Dowling-Ingersoll (DI) 1-1/2-layer scenario and its supporting observational evidence, pointing toward deep, massive, zonally-symmetric zonal jets in the underlying dry-convective layer. The second is to improve the realism of the model stochastic forcing used to represent the effects of Jupiter's moist convection as far as possible within the 1-1/2-layer dynamics. The real moist convection should be strongest in the belts where the interface to the deep flow is highest and coldest, and should generate cyclones as well as anticyclones with the anticyclones systematically stronger. The new model forcing reflects these insights. Also, it acts quasifrictionally on large scales to produce statistically steady turbulent weather-layer regimes without any need for explicit large-scale dissipation, and with weather-layer jets that are approximately straight thanks to the influence of the deep jets, allowing shear stability despite nonmonotonic potential-vorticity gradients when the Rossby deformation lengthscale is not too large. Moderately strong forcing produces chaotic vortex dynamics and realistic belt-zone contrasts in the model's convective activity, through an eddy-induced sharpening and strengthening of the weather-layer jets relative to the deep jets, tilting the interface between them. Weak forcing, for which the only jet-sharpening mechanism is the passive (Kelvin) shearing of vortices (as in the "CE2" or "SSST" theories), produces unrealistic belt-zone contrasts.
description: Revised version, submitted to JAS. 22 pages, 13 figures. Significant reordering of section 6, with extra discussion of Li et al. 2006 in response to reviewer's comments. Additional comparison of 'quasifricational' timescales in our model with estimates of Jovian radiative timescales in section 6d
ADoTe: Approach to teaching and learning functional testing technique criteria supported by Testing Dojo
Creators: name: Belinski, Vladimir
name: Serra-Seca-Neto, Adolfo G
name: Emer, Maria Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The document in this repository is supplementary material to the article “ADoTe: Approach to teaching and learning functional testing technique criteria supported by Testing Dojo”. It presents the objects, guidelines, and measurement instruments used in the executions of the controlled experiment conducted to evaluate ADoTe.
AKAMEMIK LITSEY O'QUVCHILARIDA KREATIV FIKRLASHNI RIVOJLANTIRISH OMILLARI.
Creators: name: Tokaeva, Xoshruy
name: Berdibaeva, Dilbar
name: Kudaybergenova, Bibisanem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur ishda Akademik litsey o‘quvchilarida kreativ fikrlashni rivojlantirishning samarali usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Kreativ fikrlash, o‘quvchilarni muammolarni yangi va innovatsion usullar bilan hal qilishga tayyorlaydi, shu bilan birga ularning o‘rganish jarayonini qiziqarli va samarali qiladi. Tadqiqotda,  kreativ fikrlashni rivojlantirishda ishlatiladigan turli metodlar, jumladan, muammoli vazifalar, guruh ishlari, brainstorming va loyiha asosida o‘qitish usullari ko‘rsatiladi. Shuningdek, o‘quvchilarda bo‘ladigan motivatsiya, emotsional muhit va mustaqil fikrlashning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi.
Hyperbolic entire functions and the Eremenko-Lyubich class: Class $\mathcal{B}$ or not class $\mathcal{B}$?
Creators: name: Rempe-Gillen, Lasse
name: Sixsmith, Dave
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F10, 30D05, 30D15, 30D20, 37F15

description: Hyperbolicity plays an important role in the study of dynamical systems, and is a key concept in the iteration of rational functions of one complex variable. Hyperbolic systems have also been considered in the study of transcendental entire functions. There does not appear to be an agreed definition of the concept in this context, due to complications arising from the non-compactness of the phase space. In this article, we consider a natural definition of hyperbolicity that requires expanding properties on the preimage of a punctured neighbourhood of the isolated singularity. We show that this definition is equivalent to another commonly used one: a {\tef} is hyperbolic if and only if its postsingular set is a compact subset of the Fatou set. This leads us to propose that this notion should be used as the general definition of hyperbolicity in the context of entire functions, and, in particular, that speaking about hyperbolicity makes sense only within the \emph{Eremenko-Lyubich class} $\mathcal{B}$ of transcendental entire functions with a bounded set of singular values. We also considerably strengthen a recent characterisation of the class $\mathcal{B}$, by showing that functions outside of this class cannot be expanding with respect to a metric whose density decays at most polynomially. In particular, this implies that no transcendental entire function can be expanding with respect to the spherical metric. Finally we give a characterisation of an analogous class of functions analytic in a hyperbolic domain.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures. V2: Final accepted manuscript, to appear in Math. Zeitschrift. Various minor corrections from V1
Replication package for "Lightweight Precise Automatic Extraction of Exceptional Preconditions in Java Methods"
Creators: name: Marcilio, Diego
name: Furia, Carlo A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 461299
subject: Software engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Replication package for "Lightweight Precise Automatic Extraction of Exceptional Preconditions in Java Methods"
Einstein'ın 1917 Evren Modeli ve Kozmolojik Sabitin Kökeni
Creators: name: Eroglu, Ismet
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physical cosmology

description: Bu makale, Newton'un kozmolojik varsayımlarını ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan paradoksları, kozmolojik sabitin kökenini, sonsuz büyüklükten sonlu büyüklükteki evren modellerine geçişi ve Einstein'ın 1917'de açıkladığı rölativistik kozmolojinin ilk örneğini ve başlangıcını temsil eden evren modelini incelemektedir.
Tumor Endothelial Cells
Creators: name: Dudley, A. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The vascular endothelium is a dynamic cellular “organ” that controls passage of nutrients into tissues, maintains the flow of blood, and regulates the trafficking of leukocytes. In tumors, factors such as hypoxia and chronic growth factor stimulation result in endothelial dysfunction. For example, tumor blood vessels have irregular diameters; they are fragile, leaky, and blood flow is abnormal. There is now good evidence that these abnormalities in the tumor endothelium contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, determining the biological basis underlying these abnormalities is critical for understanding the pathophysiology of tumor progression and facilitating the design and delivery of effective antiangiogenic therapies.
Alcohol-Related Blackout Risk as a Neurophysiological Phenotype with Sex-Specific Features
Creators: name: Elliott, Grace Mae
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Individuals who experience blackouts are at an increased risk of alcohol-related consequences compared to those who binge drink and never enter the blackout state. The literature indicates that nearly half of those who engage in binge drinking will ever experience a blackout, and that blackout susceptibility is heritable and associated with atypical patterns of brain activity in the drug-naïve state. Although previous research has focused on the role of the hippocampus in the mechanisms underlying blackout, we propose an alternative paradigm in which blackout is defined by motor resilience to suppression by alcohol, rather than hippocampal vulnerability. This approach is used in the sleep literature to investigate Disorders of Arousal (DoA), which are similarly defined by amnesia, behavioral disinhibition, and inappropriate motor arousal. In this project we tested the hypothesis that blackout susceptibility shares predisposing factors with DoA, and is associated with a specific neurophysiological profile detectable in the resting-state.
Shape of the inflaton potential and the efficiency of the universe heating
Creators: name: Dolgov, A. D.
name: Popov, A. V.
name: Rudenko, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the efficiency of the universe heating by an inflaton field depends not only on the possible presence of parametric resonance in the production of scalar particles but also strongly depends on the character of the inflaton approach to its mechanical equilibrium point. In particular, when the inflaton oscillations deviate from pure harmonic ones toward a succession of step functions, the production probability rises by several orders of magnitude. This in turn leads to a much higher temperature of the universe after the inflaton decay, in comparison to the harmonic case. An example of the inflaton potential is presented which creates a proper modification of the evolution of the inflaton toward equilibrium and does not destroy the nice features of inflation.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures; final version published in EPJC
HIV-2 Envelope Entry Dynamics into Host Cell Types
Creators: name: Spielvogel, Ean
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: HIV-2 is distinct from HIV-1 and has a different evolutionary origin and a much-attenuated disease progression after infection.  The exploration of HIV-2 entry phenotypes into cells with a high or low density of CD4, representing CD4+ T cells and macrophages, is crucial to understanding target cell tropism.  HIV-2 env genes cloned from plasma samples were used in a pseudotype assay to assess entry phenotype.  HIV-2 exhibited more variability in being able to infect cells with a low density of CD4 compared to a similar panel of HIV-1 env gene isolates.  The ability of some HIV-2 isolates to infect cells with a low density of CD4 cells was reinforced by showing enhanced sensitivity to soluble CD4 (sCD4) and the ability to infect MDMs.  These results are distinct from what is known about HIV-1 and highlight the diverse entry phenotypes in HIV-2.  Thus, the distinct origin and evolutionary history of HIV-2 has led to distinct outcomes in entry phenotypes in the newly acquired human host.
Symmetric union of knots, double branched covers and Dehn surgery
Creators: name: Köse, Feride Ceren
name: 0000-0002-2332-8047
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Low-dimensional topology
Knot theory
Ribbon knots
Symmetric unions
Dehn surgery
Khovanov homology

description: This dissertation studies symmetric unions of knots, a classical construction in knot theory introduced in the 1950s by Kinoshita and Terasaka. Because of the flexibility in their construction and the fact that they are ribbon, hence smoothly slice, symmetric unions appear quite frequently in the literature. In this dissertation we focus on two aspects of these knots: Firstly, we study symmetric unions in the context of problems regarding knot invariants. Recently, a class of symmetric unions were proposed to construct nontrivial knots with trivial Jones polynomial. We show, however, that such a knot is always trivial and hence this construction cannot be used to answer the open question asking whether the Jones polynomial detects the unknot. We then discuss why symmetric union is a valuable construction to study knot invariants and why our result provides strong evidence for the non-existence of nontrivial knots with trivial Jones polynomial. Secondly, it is still unknown whether there exists a ribbon knot which cannot be presented as a symmetric union. Thus, similar to the Slice-Ribbon conjecture, one may ask whether every ribbon knot is a symmetric union. We use double branched covers and surgeries to give obstructions for a ribbon knot to admit certain symmetric union diagrams. We classify the simplest type of symmetric unions that are composite, two-bridge, Montesinos, or amphichiral, and in doing so, give infinite families of ribbon knots that cannot admit the simplest type of symmetric union diagrams. One of the most important aspects of this dissertation is a conjecture about composite symmetric unions, whose resolution would give rise to the first examples of ribbon knots that cannot be presented as symmetric unions.
VEGF-Directed Blood Vessel Patterning: From Cells to Organism
Creators: name: Bautch, V. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: VEGF-A signaling is required for almost every aspect of vascular development, and it is a major regulator of vessel morphogenesis and patterning. VEGF-A perturbations are associated with severe vascular defects and lethality, and the pathway is coopted in pathological scenarios, including tumor angiogenesis. This review focuses on the roles of VEGF-A signaling during vessel development and patterning. I review the impact of VEGF-A signaling on endothelial cells in developing vessels, with emphasis on the importance of spatial regulation of several pathway components. I also discuss VEGF-A signaling patterns at the level of the vessel, with a focus on how polarity is set up and maintained in several vessel axes. The role of VEGF-A in patterning vessels relative to tissues and organs is also reviewed, with emphasis on neurovascular patterning and patterning at the embryonic midline.
Relative left properness of colored operads
Creators: name: Hackney, Philip
name: Robertson, Marcy
name: Yau, Donald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The category of $\mathfrak{C}$-colored symmetric operads admits a cofibrantly generated model category structure. In this paper, we show that this model structure satisfies a relative left properness condition, i.e., that the class of weak equivalences between $Σ$-cofibrant operads is closed under cobase change along cofibrations. We also provide an example of Dwyer which shows that the model structure on $\mathfrak{C}$-colored symmetric operads is not left proper.
description: To appear in Algebraic & Geometric Topology
Supplementary material updated version
Creators: name: Jovanovic, Ivana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 300803
subject: Horticultural crop improvement (incl. selection and breeding)

description: Root morphology of agricultural crops plays a crucial role in crop resilience and early vigor, especially under the increasingly challenging environmental conditions associated with global climate change. This study aims to link root morphology types in six spring wheat genotypes to seedling establishment and stress responses under drought, suboptimal temperature (10 °C), and low-temperature (7 °C) conditions, providing insights for breeding programs aimed at enhancing early vigor. We quantified early vigor-related root traits (root length and diameter) using a non-invasive phenotyping method, while PPD-D1 and VRN-1 genes were analyzed to explore genetic influences on early root development. Results revealed considerable genotypic variation in root length. Stress at both 7 °C and 10 °C accentuated these differences, with the genotype ‘Dacke’ showing a reduced root length under low-temperature stress. Root diameter responses also varied significantly, with the genotypes ‘Bjarne’ and ‘Dacke’ developing thicker roots than ‘Diskett’ and ‘KWS Alderon’. Genotypic analysis revealed variations in PPD-D1 alleles, with ‘Bjarne’ carrying the photoperiod-insensitive allele (Ppd-D1a), which facilitated early root development as reflected in increased root length, while the other genotypes carried the photoperiod-sensitive allele (ppd-D1b). Genotyping of VRN-A1, VRN-B1, and VRN-D1 revealed allele combinations associated with a facultative growth habit in all genotypes that were originally classified as spring wheat. This suggests that these genotypes retain some responsiveness to vernalization, despite being used as spring types in practice. These findings highlight the genetic basis of early vigor and root adaptation under stress conditions, providing valuable insights for targeted breeding aimed at improving stress adaptation and resilience in variable climates.
Effets de la farine des larves de la mouche domestique (Musca domestica) sur la croissance des lapins en engraissement à Dalaba en Guinée
Creators: name: Hadiatou DIALLO
name: Thierno Abdoul Rahim SOW
name: Pascal BILIVOGUI
name: Mamadou Alpha BALDE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: La présente étude a exploré le potentiel d’utilisation des larves de Musca domestica comme principale source de protéines dans des formules alimentaires constituées d’ingrédients locaux. Pour cela, trois formules alimentaires (F1, F2, F3) ont été constituées à partir des ingrédients locaux tels que : Megathyrsus maximus, les coquillages, les feuilles de chou, le son de riz, auxquels les larves de MD ont été ajoutées à des taux de 20%, 25% et 30%. Ces trois formules ont été comparées à l’aliment commercial F0. La valeur nutritive des larves de MD, les paramètres zootechniques, la rentabilité économique de l’aliment expérimental ont été mis en évidence. Les larves de Musca domestica contenaient 52% de protéines. A l’issue de 10 semaines d’expérimentation, les lapins du lot F0 et ceux du lot F3 avaient approximativement le même poids vif (2680 et 2676 g) respectivement. Et les lots F1 et F2 (1476 et 1621g) respectivement. F3 a été la meilleure formulation avec une réduction du coût de l’alimentation des lapins d’environ 1900 FG par kilogramme. Donc l’introduction des larves de Musca domestica dans l’alimentation des lapins est une alternative envisageable pour palier à la cherté de l’aliment commercial.
Dynamics Intrinsic to Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function and Stability
Creators: name: Forman-Kay, J. D.
name: Kota, P.
name: Chong, P. A.
name: Dokholyan, N. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) requires dynamic fluctuations between states in its gating cycle for proper channel function, including changes in the interactions between the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and between the intracellular domain (ICD) coupling helices and NBDs. Such motions are also linked with fluctuating phosphorylation-dependent binding of CFTR’s disordered regulatory (R) region to the NBDs and partners. Folding of CFTR is highly inefficient, with the marginally stable NBD1 sampling excited states or folding intermediates that are aggregation-prone. The severe CF–causing F508del mutation exacerbates the folding inefficiency of CFTR and leads to impaired channel regulation and function, partly as a result of perturbed NBD1–ICD interactions and enhanced sampling of these NBD1 excited states. Increased knowledge of the dynamics within CFTR will expand our understanding of the regulated channel gating of the protein as well as of the F508del defects in folding and function.
Exact SU(5) Yukawa matrix unification in the General Flavour Violating MSSM
Creators: name: Iskrzynski, Mateusz
name: Kowalska, Kamila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility of satisfying the $SU(5)$ boundary condition $\mathbf{Y}^d=\mathbf{Y}^{e\,T}$ at the GUT scale within the renormalizable $R$-parity conserving Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Working in the super-CKM basis, we consider non-zero flavour off-diagonal entries in the soft SUSY-breaking mass matrices and the $A$-terms. At the same time, the diagonal $A$-terms are assumed to be suppressed by the respective Yukawa couplings. We show that a non-trivial flavour structure of the soft SUSY-breaking sector can contribute to achieving precise Yukawa coupling unification for all the three families. However, large non-zero values of the flavour-violating parameter $(m^2_{dl})_{12}$ lead to a strong tension with the Lepton Flavour Violating (LFV) observables. Nevertheless, the LFV problem does not arise when the Yukawa coupling unification requirement is restricted to the second and third families only. We demonstrate that such a scenario is consistent with a wide set of experimental constraints, including flavour and electroweak observables, Higgs physics and the LHC bounds. We also point out that in order to provide a proper value for the relic density of dark matter, the lightest neutralino needs to be almost purely bino-like and with mass in the range of 200$÷$600 GeV. Such a clear experimental prediction makes the flavour-violating $SU(5)$ Yukawa unification scenario fully testable at the LHC 14 TeV.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures; Significantly modified and expanded relative to the journal version. A separate, detailed analysis of the phenomenologically viable General Flavour Violating MSSM scenario with the SU(5) Yukawa coupling unification restricted to the second and third generations only has been added
New Pulmonary Therapies Directed at Targets Other than CFTR
Creators: name: Galietta, L.
name: Donaldson, S. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease stresses the importance of the physical and chemical properties of the airway surface liquid (ASL). In particular, the loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel function in CF reduces the volume and fluidity of the ASL, thus impairing mucociliary clearance and innate antimicrobial mechanisms. Besides direct approaches to restoring mutant CFTR function, alternative therapeutic strategies may also be considered to correct the basic defect of impaired salt and water transport. Such alternative strategies are focused on the restoration of mucociliary transport by (1) reducing sodium and fluid absorption by inhibiting the ENaC channel; (2) activating alternative chloride channels; and (3) increasing airway surface hydration with osmotic agents. Therapeutic approaches directed at targets other than CFTR are attractive because they are potentially useful to all patients irrespective of their genotype. Clinical trials are underway to test the efficacy of these approaches.
title: Философия феминизма
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2023

description: В учебник вошли переработанные материалы лекций по курсу «Философия феминизма», преподаваемому на философском факультете Орловского государственного университета им. И. С. Тургенева. Особенностью изложения материала является то, что основной акцент делается не на политической составляющей женского движения, экономических и правовых требованиях, выдвигаемых феминистками, а на мировоззренческой и философской аргументации женской эмансипации. В издании рассматриваются основные философские модели, на основе которых выстраивается современный феминистический дискурс. Подготовлен в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Учебник предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по укрупненной группе направлений подготовки «Философия, этика и религиоведение», изучающих дисциплину «Философия феминизма». Также будет полезен студентам других направлений и специальностей, учебными планами которых предусмотрено изучение указанного курса.
Distance structures for generalized metric spaces
Creators: name: Conant, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\mathcal{R}=(R,\oplus,\leq,0)$ be an algebraic structure, where $\oplus$ is a commutative binary operation with identity $0$, and $\leq$ is a translation-invariant total order with least element $0$. Given a distinguished subset $S\subseteq R$, we define the natural notion of a "generalized" $\mathcal{R}$-metric space, with distances in $S$. We study such metric spaces as first-order structures in a relational language consisting of a distance inequality for each element of $S$. We first construct an ordered additive structure $\mathcal{S}^*$ on the space of quantifier-free $2$-types consistent with the axioms of $\mathcal{R}$-metric spaces with distances in $S$, and show that, if $A$ is an $\mathcal{R}$-metric space with distances in $S$, then any model of $\text{Th}(A)$ logically inherits a canonical $\mathcal{S}^*$-metric. Our primary application of this framework concerns countable, universal, and homogeneous metric spaces, obtained as generalizations of the rational Urysohn space. We adapt previous work of Delhommé, Laflamme, Pouzet, and Sauer to fully characterize the existence of such spaces. We then fix a countable totally ordered commutative monoid $\mathcal{R}$, with least element $0$, and consider $\mathcal{U}_\mathcal{R}$, the countable Urysohn space over $\mathcal{R}$. We show that quantifier elimination for $\text{Th}(\mathcal{U}_\mathcal{R})$ is characterized by continuity of addition in $\mathcal{R}^*$, which can be expressed as a first-order sentence of $\mathcal{R}$ in the language of ordered monoids. Finally, we analyze an example of Casanovas and Wagner in this context.
description: 30 pages
Status of Fluid and Electrolyte Absorption in Cystic Fibrosis
Creators: name: Reddy, M. M.
name: Stutts, M. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Salt and fluid absorption is a shared function of many of the body’s epithelia, but its use is highly adapted to the varied physiological roles of epithelia-lined organs. These functions vary from control of hydration of outward-facing epithelial surfaces to conservation and regulation of total body volume. In the most general context, salt and fluid absorption is driven by active Na+ absorption. Cl− is absorbed passively through various available paths in response to the electrical driving force that results from active Na+ absorption. Absorption of salt creates a concentration gradient that causes water to be absorbed passively, provided the epithelium is water permeable. Key differences notwithstanding, the transport elements used for salt and fluid absorption are broadly similar in diverse epithelia, but the regulation of these elements enables salt absorption to be tailored to very different physiological needs. Here we focus on salt absorption by exocrine glands and airway epithelia. In cystic fibrosis, salt and fluid absorption by gland duct epithelia is effectively prevented by the loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). In airway epithelia, salt and fluid absorption persists, in the absence of CFTR-mediated Cl− secretion. The contrast of these tissue-specific changes in CF tissues is illustrative of how salt and fluid absorption is differentially regulated to accomplish tissue-specific physiological objectives.
Structure and Function of the Mucus Clearance System of the Lung
Creators: name: Button, B. M.
name: Button, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: In cystic fibrosis (CF), a defect in ion transport results in thick and dehydrated airway mucus, which is difficult to clear, making such patients prone to chronic inflammation and bacterial infections. Physiotherapy using a variety of airway clearance techniques (ACTs) represents a key treatment regime by helping clear the airways of thickened, adhered, mucus and, thus, reducing the impact of lung infections and improving lung function. This article aims to bridge the gap between our understanding of the physiological effects of mechanical stresses elicited by ACTs on airway epithelia and the reported effectiveness of ACTs in CF patients. In the first part of this review, the effects of mechanical stress on airway epithelia are discussed in relation to changes in ion transport and stimulation in airway surface layer hydration. The second half is devoted to detailing the most commonly used ACTs to stimulate the removal of mucus from the airways of patients with CF.
Potential Uses and Inherent Challenges of Using Genome-Scale Sequencing to Augment Current Newborn Screening
Creators: name: Berg, Jonathan S.
name: Powell, Cynthia M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Since newborn screening (NBS) began in the 1960s, technological advances have enabled its expansion to include an increasing number of disorders. Recent developments now make it possible to sequence an infant’s genome relatively quickly and economically. Clinical application of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing is expanding at a rapid pace but presents many challenges. Its utility in NBS has yet to be demonstrated and its application in the pediatric population requires examination, not only for potential clinical benefits, but also for the unique ethical challenges it presents.