cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Why is it so difficult to explain the decline in traffic fatalities?
Creators: name: Elvik, Rune
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2016

description: In many highly motorised countries, the number of traffic fatalities has gone down by about 80 percent since the peak number, which was reached around 1970. What explains this decline? Is it principally the result of road safety policy, or have other factors made a larger contribution? This paper argues that it is difficult to give a scientifically rigorous explanation of the decline in traffic fatalities. There are five main problems: (1) There are very many potentially relevant explanatory variables. (2) Some of the relevant explanatory variables change slowly at an almost constant rate. (3) Data are incomplete or missing about many potentially relevant variables. (4) Some variables are affected by measurement errors or discontinuities in time series. (5) Many of the explanatory variables are very highly correlated with each other and with time. These problems are illustrated using Norway as an example. It is shown that the problems listed above can result in models that are non-sensical although they pass formal tests of model quality. The lesson is that one should never judge how good a model is merely in terms of formal criteria. Some strategies for developing more meaningful models are discussed.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 11 Nr. 1 (2016): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
A socialização do conhecimento científico pelos repositórios institucionais no ensino da Biblioteconomia
Creators: name: Costa, Michelli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Education

description: This dissertation discusses the use of institutional repositories as a tool for socialization of scientific knowledge in the academic environment by Library Science teachers from the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. It also discusses how the socialization and the production of scientific knowledge relates to the practice of teaching and research in higher education. The socialization of knowledge is thought within the macro process of scientific communication, its new dynamics and trends. The Science Information is the area devoted to the study of processes creation, socialization and appropriation of knowledge. The research presented in this paper analyzes how that the teachers in the area of Information Science understand and use the repositories. The results point to a common understanding that this instrument is effective for the dissemination of scientific knowledge and to the keeping of the intellectual memory of the institution. It was detected a low utilization of the instrument by the teachers, despite the fact that they frequently recommend the students to use it. The work also raises the sources of information that can be used for research and how they are treated and perceived by the teachers.
Boas práticas para a construção de repositórios institucionais da produção científica
Creators: name: Costa, Michelli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Best practices for building institutional repositories of scientific production
A Cognitive Analysis of Truck Drivers’ Right-hand Turns
Creators: name: Sieker, Tobias G.
name: Skulason, Thorgeir G.
name: Sletting, Kristian
name: Trolle, Trine K.
name: Hammershøi, Dorte
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2015

description: This paper presents an investigation of truck drivers' performance during right-hand turns performed in in- tersections with traffic lights in order to elicit the truck drivers' domain, decision-making processes, and the strategies used while executing the turns. To gain knowledge about this, a truck driving instructor was inter- viewed, and four truck drivers were observed and interviewed. This resulted in a cognitive work analysis with the phases work domain analysis, control task analysis and strategies analysis. Through this study it is indi- cated that many different types of information are sought using several brief glances in mirrors, and the results shows how the front and near-zone mirrors were never used by the participants during the observed right-hand turns. Controlling the vehicle was found to be mainly automatic, whereas their focus is on the orientation about surroundings. Lastly, the drivers' behavior is discussed in relation to change blindness, con- firmation bias and schemes.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 10 Nr. 1 (2015): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
A case study on agreement between self-reported bicycle accidents and hospital and police records
Creators: name: Møller, Katrine Meltofte
name: Madsen, Tanja K. O.
name: Olesen, Anne Vingaard
name: Lahrmann, Harry
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2015

description: A self-report questionnaire on bicycle accidents was distributed to 6,793 respondents every month for one year (2012/2013). This paper evaluates the agreement between hospital data, police data, and self-reports concerning the number of accidents, as well as the information recorded regarding each accident. Six hundred and ninety-four accidents were self-reported by 6,793 respondents. In 99 cases, the respondents reported getting medical care at a hospital. Of these self-reported contacts, 74 could be matched to a hospital record, but only 53 of the 74 were registered in the hospital records as traffic accidents. Information on the primary opposite party in the 53 accidents was compared, and moderate agreement was found between self-reports and hospital records (κ=0.63). In 23 of the self-reported accidents, it was stated that a police report had been recorded, but only 6 accidents could be located in the police records. The sample size was too small to calculate statistical agreement between police records and self-reports. These findings are relevant to discuss of the level of underreporting of bicycle accidents in Denmark because they indicate that there could be substantially more accidents than noted in official records. Furthermore, this paper provides insight into methodological issues associated with self-reporting of traffic accidents.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 10 Nr. 1 (2015): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
An integrated use of multiple biomarkers to investigate the individual and combined effect of copper and cadmium on the marine green mussel (Perna viridis)
Creators: name: Prasun Goswami
name: G. Hariharan
name: Nallamuthu Godhantaraman
name: Natesan Munuswamy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The present study documents individual and combined sub-lethal effect of one redox active (copper) and one non-redox active (cadmium) metal on green mussel (Perna viridis). The mussels were exposed to 60 μg L−1 of Cu and 150 μg L−1 of Cd (individually and in combination) for 21 days. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies revealed significant metal induced alterations such as vacuolization, fusion of gill lamellae, enhance mucous deposition, hyperplasia and necrosis in gills. Antioxidant enzyme assays revealed significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Similarly, single exposure to Cd and Cu caused significant induction in Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity. However, combined Cu+Cd exposure modulated suppression in MDH activity. Unlike MDH, Cu and Cd individual exposure resulted in a decrease in esterase (EST) activity, but their combined exposure caused an induction. Non-enzymatic biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and metallothionein (MT) levels showed no significant change in response to Cu exposure, whereas, individual Cd exposure or Cd exposure in combination with Cu caused significant changes in their levels. Comet assay revealed a significant increase in DNA damage upon metal exposure. These results indicate that Cu (redox active) and Cd (non-redox active) can induce measurable physiological, biochemical as well as genotoxic perturbations in mussels even at sub-lethal concentrations. A monitoring programme based on the biomarkers discussed here would be useful to study the effect of metal pollutants reaching the coastal waters.
Características e contribuições da via verde para o acesso aberto à informação científica na América Latina
Creators: name: Costa, Michelli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This present work analyzes the characteristics of the green road in Latin America for the development of open access. The green road is one of the two strategies proposed by open access movement to make scientific literature freely available on the internet with minimum restrictions. In practice, it is the deposit of scientific publications in open access digital repositories. In Latin America, the development of these systems by teaching and research institutions, the so-called institutional repositories, are appointed by scientific literature as a promising area for the fulfillment of the purposes of open access, due to the public source of research funding in the region and also to the very features of institutional repositories. For the development of this study it was conducted a systematic literature review, using literature and documents from Google Scholar and Web of Knowledge databases in order to the elaboration of a theoretical lens about the elements that define open access and features institutional repositories. As a result of this step were defined five selection criteria and eight dimensions of analysis for institutional repositories. The elements were used for the selection, mapping and characterization of 84 institutional repositories, that were selected in the a set of 289 digital repositories. In addition to the descriptive analysis of repositories, the open access policies of research funding agencies of Latin American and its relationship with the open access initiatives were investigated, especially those that correspond to the green road. The survey of policies was taken using international directories of open access policies and questionnaires sent to such agencies. As a result, we identified only the initiative of a Chilean agency to promote open access to the results of the research they fund. With this, we concluded that the main Latin American research funding agencies haven’t policy for open access. Overall, the survey results showed that Latin America has significant advances in the development of institutional repositories, as compared to other regions, but it is still very incipient in programs and policies to promote open access by funding institutions of scientific knowledge production in the region.
Kortlægning af luftkvalitet langs motor- og landeveje i Danmark
Creators: name: Jensen, Steen Solvang
name: Im, Ulas
name: Ketzel, Matthias
name: Løftstrøm, Per
name: Brandt, Jørgen
name: Fryd, Jakob
name: Michelsen, Lene Nøhr
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2015

description: Denne artikel beskriver resultaterne af en kortlægning af luftkvaliteten langs motor- og landeveje i hele Danmark. Det er første gang, at der skabes et nationalt datasæt af modellerede luftkvalitetsdata langs hele statsvejnettet. Beregningerne er gennemført for årsmiddelkoncentrationer i 2012 af de sundheds- relaterede stoffer NO2, PM2.5 og PM10. Kortlægningen er gennemført med OML-Highway luftkvalitets- modellen, og anvendte metoder og datagrundlag er beskrevet. Endvidere er beregningerne sammenholdt med tidligere gennemførte målinger og beregninger.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 10 Nr. 1 (2015): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Sammenhæng mellem hastighed og risiko: Skal potensmodellen erstattes af eksponentialmodellen?
Creators: name: Nielsen, Katrine Terp
name: Andersen, Camilla Sloth
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2014

description: Potensmodellen har siden sin offentliggørelse i startfirserne været dominerende til estimering af den sikkerhedsmæssige effekt af en hastighedsændring. I 2012 blev en eksponentialmodel publiceret som alternativ til den veletablerede model. Artiklens komparative analyse af de to modeller fokuserer på en evaluering af følgende parametre: statistisk tilpasningsgrad, brugervenlighed og anvendelsesmuligheder. For førstnævnte parameter findes ingen markante forskelle på de to modeller, såfremt potensmodellens eksponent tager højde for vejmiljøet. Brugervenligheden findes for begge modeller høj, men yderligere undersøgelser heraf anbefales. Eksponentialmodellen foranlediger en opsplitning af den totale relative risiko for en hastighedsfordeling. Dette vurderes som en enestående anvendelsesmulighed for modellen. Artiklen anbefaler derfor videre arbejde med eksponentialmodellen, så denne egenskab kan inkorporeres i det praktiske trafiksikkerhedsarbejde.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 9 Nr. 1 (2014): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
An integrated use of multiple biomarkers to investigate the individual and combined effect of copper and cadmium on the marine green mussel (Perna viridis)
Creators: name: Prasun Goswami
name: G. Hariharan
name: Nallamuthu Godhantaraman
name: Natesan Munuswamy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorised

description: The present study documents individual and combined sub-lethal effect of one redox active (copper) and one non-redox active (cadmium) metal on green mussel (Perna viridis). The mussels were exposed to 60 μg L−1 of Cu and 150 μg L−1 of Cd (individually and in combination) for 21 days. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies revealed significant metal induced alterations such as vacuolization, fusion of gill lamellae, enhance mucous deposition, hyperplasia and necrosis in gills. Antioxidant enzyme assays revealed significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Similarly, single exposure to Cd and Cu caused significant induction in Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity. However, combined Cu+Cd exposure modulated suppression in MDH activity. Unlike MDH, Cu and Cd individual exposure resulted in a decrease in esterase (EST) activity, but their combined exposure caused an induction. Non-enzymatic biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and metallothionein (MT) levels showed no significant change in response to Cu exposure, whereas, individual Cd exposure or Cd exposure in combination with Cu caused significant changes in their levels. Comet assay revealed a significant increase in DNA damage upon metal exposure. These results indicate that Cu (redox active) and Cd (non-redox active) can induce measurable physiological, biochemical as well as genotoxic perturbations in mussels even at sub-lethal concentrations. A monitoring programme based on the biomarkers discussed here would be useful to study the effect of metal pollutants reaching the coastal waters.
Vendepunktet for antall drepte i trafikken: matematisk nødvendighet eller et resultat av en ny politikk?
Creators: name: Elvik, Rune
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2014

description: I mange høyt motoriserte land steg antall drepte i trafikken i tiden fra omkring 1950 og frem til omkring 1970. Da inntraff et vendepunkt i utviklingen og antall drepte har i mange land senere gått betydelig ned, i noen land med mer enn 80 prosent. Tidligere studier har hevdet at vendepunktet for antall drepte i trafikken er en matematisk nødvendighet, ikke et tegn på at de underliggende trender som bestemmer utviklingen har endret seg. To trender bestemmer hvordan antall drepte utvikler seg over tid: (1) Endringer i trafikkmengde og (2) Endringer i risiko. Dersom trafikken vokser gradvis langsommere, samtidig som risikoen synker med en konstant prosent hvert år, vil antall drepte begynne å gå ned når den årlige prosentvise trafikkveksten blir mindre enn den årlige prosentvise nedgangen i risiko. Tidligere studier har benyttet data fra perioden både før og etter at vendepunktet for antall drepte inntraff til å føye modeller av trafikkvekst og risikonedgang. Det er da en matematisk nødvendighet at modellene må vise en klokkeformet utvikling av antall drepte over tid; først vekst, så nedgang. En reell empirisk test av om det observerte vendepunktet for antall drepte i trafikken var en matematisk nødvendighet, eller gjenspeiler endringer i de underliggende trender, kan man kun få ved å benytte data fra perioden før vendepunktet inntraff til å utvikle modeller av de underliggende trender og fremskrive disse trendene til perioden etter at antall drepte i trafikken begynte å gå ned. Dersom fremskrivningen av antall drepte stemmer godt overens med den faktiske utvikling, støttes antakelsen om at vendepunktet kun var en matematisk nødvendighet og kunne ha vært predikert før det inntraff. Dersom fremskrivningen av antall drepte avviker fra den faktiske utvikling, har de underliggende trender endret seg. Data fra seks land om den historiske utvikling av trafikkarbeidet (antall kjøretøykilometer) og risikoen for å bli drept i trafikken er benyttet til å utvikle modeller av utviklingen før v endepunktet inntraff. De seks landene er: Danmark, Nederland, Norge, Storbritannia, Sverige og USA. Fremskrivning av disse trendene til perioden etter vendepunktet tyder på at det i de fleste land inntraff en endring i de underliggende trendene omkring det tidspunkt da antall drepte i trafikken var på sitt høyeste. Dette støtter hypotesen om at samfunnet reagerte på økningen av antall drepte i trafikken og iverksatte en ny og mer effektiv politikk for å redusere antallet drepte i trafikken.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 9 Nr. 1 (2014): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Diretório de políticas editoriais brasileiras sobre o acesso aberto: o serviço Diadorim
Creators: name: Costa, Michelli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Directory of brazilian editorial policies about open access: the service Diadorim
Políticas de acesso aberto das agências brasileiras de fomento à pesquisa
Creators: name: Costa, Michelli
name: Leite, Fernando
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Open access policies of the Brazilian agencies for research funding
Assessing ecosystem services based on indigenous knowledge in south-eastern Burkina Faso (West Africa)
Creators: name: Issaka Ouédraogo
name: Nacoulma, Blandine Marie Ivette
name: Hahn, Karen
name: Adjima Thiombiano
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Ecosystems are sources of services such as food, water, timber, firewood, health, and spiritual benefits. The unsustainable human use of ecosystems has led to significant declines in the capability of these ecosystems to provide services. In contribution to the preservation of ecosystems, this study aims to assess the potential ecosystem services delivered by plant communities of the Pama partial fauna reserve using indigenous knowledge. Therefore, ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in the surrounding villages of the reserve. Fifty open-ended interviews were used to record the services provided by woody species. Each service quoted during the interviews was classified into one of the four categories of ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services) as the interview progressed. Formulas were developed to assess the potential services provided by the plant communities of the reserve. The results indicate that seventy-seven woody species provide twenty services, which are divided into the four categories of ecosystem services. The Terminalia avicennioides and Schizachyrium rupestre community contributes the most to the delivery of potential ecosystem services. This importance underlines the community’s potential vulnerability due to its likely intense use by the local people. This study highlights the most important factors for successful habitat preservation in the context of the ecosystem service approach by determining the plant communities that contribute the most to social welfare.
Avaliação de qualidade de repositórios institucionais brasileiros e portugueses
Creators: name: Costa, Michelli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Evaluation of quality of brazilian and portuguese institutional repositories.
Análisis de tendencias en el consumo y producción de cine de los últimos 50 años
Creators: name: Javier Garcia Esteban
name: Ángela Martín Herrera
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: El conjunto de datos o dataset contiene la información más relevante de las películas más populares de los últimos 50 años. Esta información contiene los atributos más relevantes de los largometrajes como pueden ser el nombre, duración, calificación… 

En el caso de esta práctica, se extrajeron las películas más relevantes de los últimos 50 años
Bilisters hastighed på gennemfartsveje i mindre danske byer
Creators: name: Jørgensen, Morten
name: Bolet, Lars
name: Agerholm, Niels
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2012

description: Sammenhængen mellem trafikulykker og hastighed viser, at øget hastighed resulterer i flere og mere alvorlige trafikulykker. Tidligere undersøgelser har indikeret, at bilister overskrider hastighedsgrænsen på gennemfartsveje i mindre byer i Danmark. For at holde farten nede i bygennemfarter er der i Danmark traditionelt anvendt vejtekniske tiltag i form af bump, forsætninger og byporte. Formålet med denne undersøgelse er at finde ud af, hvilken effekt disse tiltag har på bilisters kørselsadfærd i gennemfartsbyer i Danmark. Undersøgelsen er foretaget på baggrund af GPS-baserede data fra kørende biler for 14 gennemfartsbyer i Nordjylland. Undersøgelsen viser, at enkeltstående bump og forsætninger kun har meget lokal effekt og ikke er tilstrækkelige til at holde bilisternes hastighed nede i byerne. Bilisterne øger hastigheden igen umiddelbart efter passagen af tiltaget. Kun hvor der er etableret bump og forsætninger efter Vejreglernes anbefalinger, er hastigheden reduceret, som ønsket. En tætliggende randbebyggelse reducerer også hastigheden i en del bygennemfarter, men den har ingen effekt på de højeste hastigheder.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 7 Nr. 1 (2012): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
A case study of parking charges at work places – effects on travel behaviour and acceptance
Creators: name: Christiansen, Petter
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2014

description: This paper analyse how a parking fee affect modes of transport on work travels and how acceptability varies over time among employees. The findings shows that the share of car drivers is reduced from 35 to 27 percent after the fee was introduced. There are weak tendencies towards spill-over parking and the fee has contributed to less need for employees to arrive early in order to secure a parking space. The acceptance for the parking fee changed from being negative before the fee to positive one year after the fee.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 9 Nr. 1 (2014): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Building efficient stated choice design for departure time choices using the scheduling model: Theoretical considerations and practical implementations
Creators: name: Thorhauge, Mikkel
name: Cherchi, Elisabetta
name: Rich, Jeppe
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2014

description: Modelling departure time is an important step in forecasting traffic demand. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the data collection field when studying departure time choices. Differently from the majority of the previous studies we used an efficient stated preference (SP) experiment. The objective in an efficient design is to construct a stated preference experiment which minimizes the standard errors of the estimated parameter in the model. Thus, the benefits of using an efficient design are more robust parameter estimates and/or that it allows using smaller sample sizes. However, building experimental designs for the departure time is challenging for two main reasons: 1) interdependence among attributes, and 2) realism in the choice tasks. To ensure realism, we customized the choice task based on the trips described by each individual in a trip diary and on the departure time needed in order to be at work at their preferred arrival time. However, with efficient designs it is not possible to customize the SP for each individual, unless the real trips are known before optimizing the SP design. To overcome this challenge, six different designs were constructed based on predefined travel times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes). Respondents were presented with the design which was closest to their reported travel time in the trip diary. The design was simulated using almost 20.000 observations, and was adjusted until the design was stable and the prior parameters could be recuperated.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 9 Nr. 1 (2014): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Paving the road from transport models to “new mobilities” models
Creators: name: Wind, Simon
name: Jensen, Ole B.
name: Kaplan, Sigal
name: Prato, Carlo
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2012

description: For half a century, tremendous efforts have been invested in developing transport models as a decision aid for policy makers in designing effective policy interventions and deciding among costly public projects for the benefit of the population. Transport and activity-based models are often criticized for neglecting the “new mobilities” turn (Urry 2007, Cresswell 2006), namely multiple mobility aspects and rationales, including social, cultural, material, aesthetic and affective, in analyzing travel behavior. This paper aims at taking a tentative first step in bridging the gap between the traditional transport modeling approach and “new mobilities” research by suggesting a model framework that considers non-instrumental transport rationales, personal latent traits and intra-household decision dynamics.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 7 Nr. 1 (2012): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Marginal Cost Controversies in Swedish Transport Infrastructure Policy
Creators: name: Hasselgren, Björn
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2012

description: It is important that resources spent in transport infrastructure systems come to the best possible use. During the last four decades it has generally been argued that good resource utilization most likely comes about in cases where welfare economic principles are pursued. This holds both for the planning of transport infrastructure measures based on cost benefit analysis and for the use of the existing systems based on prices reflecting the short term social marginal costs of the transportation actually carried out. This article argues that, seen in a longer time perspective, there has however been a controversy regarding which financing principles that should be seen as most accurate. And this controversy has been persistent in Sweden since the 1930s. An institutional perspective where the direct relation between the users and the organizations that manage the infrastructure system, and with an interest for dynamism, learning and organizational aspects, has been in conflict with the welfare economic perspective. According to the institutional perspective the users should pay the full cost and subsidies by the public sector are questioned. An outcome of the present turn in the transport infrastructure discussion, with more interest for alternative financing and demand for heavy new investments, might be a revival of full cost principles in financing rather than marginal cost models. Once again the financing and pricing principles and their relation to efficiency might become a centerpiece of the debate.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 7 Nr. 1 (2012): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Vejkarakteristika og ulykkestæthed
Creators: name: Andersen, Camilla Sloth
name: Olesen, Anne Vingaard
name: Bolet, Lars
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2013

description: Udpegning, analyse og udbedring af sorte pletter på det danske vejnet har været en af de primære aktiviteter i det stedbestemte trafiksikkerhedsarbejde de sidste 40 år. Imidlertid er sortpletarbejdet med årene blevet vanskeligere af to grunde: Dels er de mest markante sorte pletter identificeret og afhjulpet, de resterende er mindre markante og effekten af foranstaltninger mindre (SWOV, 2010). Dels baseres sortpletarbejde på en stadig mindre del af det reelle antal trafikulykker. Hvad skal tage over i stedet for det traditionelle sortpletarbejde? Som et delprojekt under et forskningsprojekt med det formål at udvikle en ikke-ulykkesbaseret metode til udpegning af risikolokaliteter på det sekundære tosporede vejnet i Danmark analyseres hvilke vejkarakteristika, der er associeret med ulykkesrisiko på det sekundære tosporede vejnet i Danmark. Analysen er baseret på ulykkesdata fra perioden 2004-2011 samt data om et 180 km langt vejnet i Aalborg Kommune. De 180 km vej er fordelt på 145 strækninger, og for hver strækning findes data om årsdøgnstrafik, kørebanebredde, kantbanebredde, bredden af blød rabat, krydstæthed, adgangstæthed, tilstedeværelse af cykelsti samt data om omfanget af længdemarkering. Analysen er foretaget som en Poissonregression med antal ulykker som afhængig variabel og strækningslængde som offset variabel for at tage højde for strækningernes varierende længde. Resultaterne viser, at der er en signifikant sammenhæng mellem ulykkestæthed og årsdøgnstrafik, krydstæthed samt adgangstæthed. Dertil konkluderes det, at resultaterne er interessante og vil indgå i en lignende analyse af et større vejnet.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 8 Nr. 1 (2013): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Children’s velo-mobility – how cycling children are ‘made’ and sustained.
Creators: name: Carstensen, Trine Agervig
name: Nielsen, Thomas A. Sick
name: Olafsson, Anton Stahl
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2014

description: Sustainable mobilities play a dominate role in low carbon futures and cycling is an integral element. Children are heirs of transport cultures and crucial for future sustainable mobility. Moreover cycling is important for children’s independent mobility and geographical experience. Dominating approaches in transport research, including cycling, understand travel behaviour individualistic and lack to grasp the relational complexities, which are inevitable when considering children’s mobilities. Furthermore has children’s cycling largely been studied as independent mobility and active school travel. How cycling is learned and constituted, and how cycling skills are consolidated, extended and turned into a stabilized practice remains unstudied. Drawing on in-depth interview data from the region of Copenhagen, Denmark, among families with children (N=20) the paper provides new insights into how children, parents, and the locale socio-spatial environment through collaborations, negations and experiments co-produce independent cycling. It introduces a three-step model for conceptualizing children’s cycling deriving from processes of gradually enlarging the geographical experience and partial embodying of know-how of traffic power relations and mobility technology. The paper examines how parents’ perception of risks are transgressed by cycle training and how cycling is fitted into complex household routines. By shedding light on the sensitive mechanisms that ‘make’ and sustain cycling children the paper inform a discussion of urban planning and transport policy measures important for stabilizing sustainable mobility.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 9 Nr. 1 (2014): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Energieffektiv fartpilot – et forprojekt
Creators: name: Bolet, Lars
name: Kjems, Erik
name: Plausinaitis, Darius
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2014

description: Muligheder for at beskrive en hastighedstilpasningsstrategi, som er energieffektiv under hensyntagen til det aktuelle køretøj og den aktuelle vejstrækning, og som kan anvendes i en fartpilot, er vurderet gennem teoretiske overvejelser og ved computersimulering og kørselsforsøg på én vejstrækning. Resultatet er lo- vende, men viser også udfordringer og behov for yderligere udviklingsarbejde og praktiske forsøg.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 9 Nr. 1 (2014): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
title: Graphitizability of Polymer Thin Films: An In Situ TEM Study of Thickness Effects on Nanocrystalline Graphene/Glassy Carbon Formation
Creators: name: Shyam Kumar, C. N.
name: Possel, Clemens
name: Dehm, Simone
name: Chakravadhanula, Venkata Sai Kiran
name: Wang, Di
name: Wenzel, Wolfgang
name: Krupke, Ralph
name: Kübel, Christian
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024

description: Polymer pyrolysis has emerged as a versatile method to synthesize graphenoid (graphene like) materials with varying thickness and properties. The morphology of the thin film, especially the thickness, greatly affects the graphitizability and the properties of the graphenoid material. Using in situ current annealing inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the thickness‐dependent structural evolution of the polymer film with a special focus on thickness effects is followed. At high temperatures, thin samples form large graphene layers oriented parallel to the substrate, whereas in thick samples multi‐walled cage‐like structures are formed. Moleclar Dynamics (MD) simulations reveal a film thickness of 40 Å below which, the carbonized layers align parallel to the surface. For thicker samples, the orientation of the layers becomes increasingly misoriented starting from the surface to the center. This structural change can be attributed to the formation of bonded multi‐layers from the initially unsaturated activated edges. The resulting cage‐like structures are stable even during simulated annealing at temperatures as high as 3500 K. An atomistic understanding of the formation of these structures is presented. The results clearly indicate the critical effect of thickness on the graphitizability of polymers and provide a new understanding of the structural evolution during pyrolysis.
The Emission consequences of using biodiesel and bio ethanol as a fuel for road transport in Denmark
Creators: name: Winther, Morten
name: Møller, Flemming
name: Plejdrup, Marlene S.
name: Jensen, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2012

description: This article explains the emission consequences of using biodiesel and bio ethanol as a fuel for road transport in Denmark calculated in the REBECa project. For the years 2004, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030, two fossil fuel baseline scenarios (FS) are considered characterised by different traffic growth rates. For each FS, two biofuel scenarios (BS1, BS2) are considered with a 5.75 % biodiesel/bio ethanol share in 2010 as a common starting point. From 2010, linear growths are assumed for BS1 (10 % in 2020) and BS2 (25 % in 2030). The emissions presented in this study are vehicle based; a separate Well to Wheels (W-t-W) assessment of the total emission consequences of producing and using biofuels has been conducted in a different part of REBECa. The maximum CO2 emission difference between FS and BS2 becomes 26 % in 2030. The NOx and VOC emission variations between FS and both biofuel scenarios are 3 % or less. For CO and TSP the largest emission differences, 5 % and -12 %, respectively, occur between the FS and BS2 scenarios in 2030. The biofuel emission impacts are insignificant for NOx,VOC, CO and TSP compared to the generally large emission reductions predicted in all scenarios driven by the gradual strengthened emission standards for new vehicles, by far outweighing the emission influence from biofuels and traffic growth. The emission estimates for NOX, VOC, CO and TSP presented in this study are less certain than for CO2 due to the relatively scarce biofuel emission data implemented in the calculations. As a consequence, the obtained emission results must be assessed with care. Bearing in mind these uncertainties, the calculation approach for emissions from biofuel usage presented in this study can be used as a tool to carry out sensitivity analysis, environmental impact assessment studies, or for research purposes as such.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 7 Nr. 1 (2012): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
A survey of joint activities and travel of household members in the Greater Copenhagen Metropolitan Region
Creators: name: Thorhauge, Mikkel
name: Vuk, Goran
name: Kaplan, Sigal
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2012

description: The traditional approach for modeling transport-related choices in Denmark refers to individual decision makers. However, in daily activities and travel choices individuals function according to the commitments as family members, and thus their choices derive from the welfare needs of other family members. A family-based approach enables to capture intra-household interactions and the priorities of household members in scheduling their daily activities, thus adding to the realism and the predictive strength of transport models. Joint activities and travel occur in order to maximize efficiency and family quality time, within a daily schedule. The current study unveils the joint activity and travel patterns of household members in the Copenhagen area, as part of the ACTUM research project, funded by the Danish Strategic Research Council, for the development of a new generation of activity-based models in Denmark.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 7 Nr. 1 (2012): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Switching nonparametric regression models
Creators: name: Souza, Camila P. E. De
name: Heckman, Nancy E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biophysics

description: We propose a methodology to analyse data arising from a curve that, over its domain, switches among J states. We consider a sequence of response variables, where each response y depends on a covariate x according to an unobserved state z. The states form a stochastic process and their possible values are j=1, … , J. If z equals j the expected response of y is one of J unknown smooth functions evaluated at x. We call this model a switching nonparametric regression model. We develop an Expectation–Maximisation algorithm to estimate the parameters of the latent state process and the functions corresponding to the J states. We also obtain standard errors for the parameter estimates of the state process. We conduct simulation studies to analyse the frequentist properties of our estimates. We also apply the proposed methodology to the well-known motorcycle dataset treating the data as coming from more than one simulated accident run with unobserved run labels.
Trans-European transport network and cross- border governance
Creators: name: Guasco, Clement
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2013

description: This article looks at the implementation of trans-European transport corridors in the EU and the influence it has on governance within EU member-states. It considers the implementation of such a scheme in the context of cross-border cooperation and discusses the system of governance necessary for coordinating knowledge, efforts and solutions across several national systems. In order to understand this governance setting, one needs to understand the specific quality of transnational governance in the EU, which is neither purely international nor federally integrated. The transport corridor between Malmö and Hamburg is taken as a case for discussion. Cross-border governance is analyzed within a multi-level policy network approach including actors from supranational, national and subnational levels, in order to determine the existence of a policy network across the borders. The main finding is a depiction of the actual state of integration of the cross- border networks related to a green corridor strategy and its implications for the region.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 8 Nr. 1 (2013): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Missing Links
Creators: name: Lange, Ida Sofie Gøtzsche
name: Laursen, Lea Louise Holst
name: Lassen, Claus
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2013

description: Udkantsdanmark er i den offentlige debat ofte italesat som havende for dårlig tilgængelighed og set som mobilitetsfattig. Forbedret og øget infrastruktur er således ofte taget op som løsningen for disse områder. Denne artikel argumenterer imod denne begrænsede forståelse af problemer relateret til udkantsområder. Artiklen viser konkret gennem et casestudie af Hirtshals, baseret på en til formålet udviklet ’mobil metode’ samt studier af byplaner og luftfotos, hvordan dette byområde influeres af en stor mængde fysiske mobiliteter, såsom turister, forretningsrejsende, gods og offshore-industri, en national motorvej, en togrute og færgeforbindelser til en række nordiske lande. Dog oplever byen en række negative byudviklingstendenser hvilket påvirker byen Hirtshals som et oplevet og levet sted. Artiklen argumenterer derfor teoretisk på baggrund af casestudiet for nødvendigheden af at fysiske mobiliteter og sted i højere grad må forstås i sammenhæng som gensidigt afhængige. Det betyder konkret i forhold til den analyserede case, at sted og fysiske mobiliteter ikke blot skal udspille sig som to forskellige stedslige logikker og materialiteter, men i højere grad bør sammentænkes således, at de levede steder og mobilitetsstrømmene påvirker og udvikler hinanden i den fremtidige byudviklingsproces. Der synes at være et uforløst arkitektonisk mobilitetspotentiale gemt i planlægningen af Hirtshals.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 8 Nr. 1 (2013): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Hvad er effekten af ren-luftzoner for luftforureningen i København?
Creators: name: Jensen, Steen Solvang
name: Ketzel, Matthias
name: Brandt, Jørgen
name: Ellermann, Thomas
name: Winther, Morten
name: Becker, Thomas
name: Martinsen, Louise
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2013

description: Ren-luftzoner, hvor der stilles højere miljøkrav til køretøjer inden for et geografisk område, er et muligt virkemiddel til at forbedre luftkvaliteten i de større byer og til at reducere antallet af overskridelser af grænseværdien for kvælstofdioxid (NO2). Ren-luftzoner er et nyt ord for miljøzoner. Det nye ved ren- luftzoner er, at de stiller miljøkrav til ældre person- og varebiler, og ikke kun som de eksisterende miljøzoner til lastbiler og busser. Denne artikel vurderer effekten af forskellige udformninger af ren- luftzoner, og hvilken betydning det har for emission og luftkvalitet i 2013, 2015 og 2017 med udgangspunkt i scenarieberegninger gennemført i 2012. Dette sker med udgangspunkt i H.C. Andersens Boulevard i København, hvor NO2 grænseværdien er overskrevet. Den mest vidtgående ren-luftzone beskrevet i denne artikel vil føre til en beregnet reduktion i NOx emissionen på knap 13% svarende til en reduktion af NO2 koncentrationen på knap 3 μg/m3 i 2015.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 8 Nr. 1 (2013): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University