cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-metric geometry as the origin of mass in gauge theories of scale invariance
Creators: name: Ghilencea, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss gauge theories of scale invariance beyond the Standard Model (SM) and Einstein gravity. A consequence of gauging this symmetry is that their underlying 4D geometry is non-metric ($\nabla_μg_{αβ}\not=0$). Examples of such theories are Weyl's {\it original} quadratic gravity theory and its Palatini version. These theories have spontaneous breaking of the gauged scale symmetry to Einstein gravity. All mass scales have a geometric origin: the Planck scale ($M_p$), cosmological constant ($Λ$) and the mass of the Weyl gauge boson ($ω_μ$) of scale symmetry are proportional to a scalar field vev that has an origin in the (geometric) $\tilde R^2$ term in the action. With $ω_μ$ of non-metric geometry origin, the SM Higgs field also has a similar origin, generated by Weyl boson fusion in the early Universe. This appears as a microscopic realisation of "matter creation from geometry" discussed in the thermodynamics of open systems applied to cosmology. Unlike in local scale invariant theories (no $ω_μ$ present) with an underlying pseudo-Riemannian geometry, in our case: 1) there are no ghosts and no additional fields beyond the SM and underlying Weyl or Palatini geometry, 2) the cosmological constant is positive and is small because gravity is weak, 3) the Weyl or Palatini connection shares the Weyl (gauge) symmetry of the action, and: 4) there exists a non-trivial, conserved Weyl current of this symmetry. An intuitive picture of non-metricity and its relation to mass generation is also provided from a solid state physics perspective where it is common and is associated with point defects (metric anomalies) of the crystalline structure.
description: 25 pages, LaTex
A three-dimensional animation of climate change effects on ocean thermohaline circulation
Creators: name: Datulayta, Pauline
name: Washington, Warren
name: Gallon, Zhenya
name: Peterson, Mark
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2002
Subjects: Great ocean conveyor belt
Science literacy
General public
3D

The purpose of this project is to create a three-dimensional animation of the thermohaline circulation (THC), also known as the great ocean conveyor belt, based on output data from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Parallel Climate Model (PCM) for the years 2000 to 2099. The goal of creating the animations is to improve climate change understanding and science literacy among the general public through the use of three-dimensional visualizations. These animations would be the first to display ocean output data from the PCM in 3-D, hence, scientists may use the computer programs developed for this research to incorporate their own model-run scenarios into 3-D animations. Based on earlier analysis, a decrease in strength and a shift toward lower latitudes were predicted in the THC. Output from the PCM was in netCDF file format. Using the graphing capabilities of MATLAB, we visualized these assertions. Our results show that 3-D was not the best perspective to view changes in the THC. Reverting back to 2-D animations it was observed that, indeed, there is a southeastern and equatorward shift found. However, it was difficult to determine from the 2-D animations whether there was a change in the strength of the circulation.
Microfabrication of Laser-Driven Accelerator Structures
Creators: name: Cowan, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the potential for using microfabrication techniques for laser-driven accelerator construction. We introduce microfabrication processes in general, and then describe our investigation of a particular trial process. We conclude by considering the issues microfabrication raises for possible future structures.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; Submitted to Tenth Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop (AAC 2002), June 23--28, 2002, Mandalay Beach, California (AIP Conference Proceedings)
Economywide Implications of Agricultural Liberalization in the United States
Creators: name: Kilkenny, Maureen
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Kilkenny, Maureen
name: Robinson, Sherman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: CGE analysis
subject: general equilibrium analysis
subject: trade liberalization
subject: agricultural policy
subject: economic modeling

description: Agriculture is a relatively small part of the U.S. economy, but public expenditures supporting agriculture are large in both relative and absolute terms. Given this combination, changes in agricultural policies may have significant economywide effects. These effects will depend on the degree of factor mobility, the disposition of the saved farm program expenditures, and the nature of existing sector-specific distortions. We use a 10- sector computable general equilibrium model to analyze unilateral and multilateral agricultural liberalization under various assumptions about factor mobility and macroeconomic closure. We find that assumptions at the microeconomic level about land and labor mobility (but not necessarily capital mobility) are critical in determining economywide gains from liberalization. At the macroeconomic level, the important assumption in determining the magnitude of the gains is whether or not the saved program expenditures are used to reduce the Government deficit.
Espresso misura la costante alfa con un quasar
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Il nuovo spettrografo ad alta risoluzione del Vlt dell'Eso, Espresso, è stato utilizzato per misurare una costante fondamentale della fisica con la massima precisione possibile. I ricercatori, tra cui anche molti dell'Inaf, hanno pubblicato nuove misure della costante di struttura fine (o alfa) a partire da osservazioni della luce emessa da un quasar a 10 miliardi di anni luce, dalle quali non emerge alcuna variazione temporale. Tutti i dettagli su Astronomy & Astrophysics
Commodity efficiency of Slovak agricultural trade
Creators: name: Serences, Roman
name: Kutisova, Jana
name: Serences, Roman
name: Kutisova, Jana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agritrade
subject: Competitiveness
subject: Commodity
subject: Efficiency
subject: RCA
subject: GLI

description: The article judges the efficiency and the competitiveness of selected commodities of animal production, plant production and food-processing industry. Competitiveness and efficiency of the commodities was measured Revealed Comparative Advantage Index and Grubel-Lloyd Index. In the conclusion, there is a summary of values of Comparative Advantage Index of selected commodities in chosen years.
12th General Hospital final report. E.N.T. wards
Creators: name: Creator not identified.
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1945
Subjects: subject: World War II
subject: 12th General Hospital
subject: Ear Nose and Throat wards
subject: Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
subject: Tonsillitis
subject: Maxillary Sinusitis
subject: Sinusitis
subject: Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures

description: This report includes statistics about tonsillitis, maxillary sinusitis, other forms of sinusitis, otitis media, traumatic rupture of the tympanic membrane, deviated septums, and miscellaneous ear conditions caused by disease, trauma, and surgery.
Explaining the Failure of Doha to Facilitate Completion of CAP Reform
Creators: name: Swinbank, Alan
name: Swinbank, Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Brexit
subject: CAP
subject: Doha
subject: tariffication
subject: Uruguay

description: The original CAP’s high levels of border protection on many products involved a variable import levy bridging the gap between world prices and the EU’s much higher minimum import price. The Uruguay Round ended this, but tariffication also meant that subsequent CAP reforms reducing EU levels of domestic market price support would no longer trigger lower tariffs. Moreover the Doha Round’s plans for tariff cuts are in abeyance. The consequences are: i) only preferential suppliers penetrate the EU’s protected market; ii) negotiation of Free Trade Areas is made more complicated; and iii) “Brexit” is problematic.
Analysis of ozone and meteorological balloon profile data from Summit, Greenland
Creators: name: De Rivera Rivera, Garymar
name: Helmig, Detlev
name: Weis-Taylor, Pat
name: Sago, LuAnna
name: Navarro, Fabiola
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2002
Subjects: Atmospheric gas
Earth system
Troposphere
Toxic
Crop loss
Ozone budget
Sinks

Ozone is an important atmospheric gas that has positive and negatives effects on the Earth System. Recent studies have demonstrated that the total amount of ozone in the troposphere has increased by 36% since 1750. These changes are of concern because tropospheric ozone is a toxic or dangerous gas to breathe and it has been recognized that increased tropospheric ozone causes crop losses in agriculture. In order to get a better understanding of the global tropospheric ozone budget, especially about the sources and sinks that control the quantity of this gas, we investigated processes that control the depletion of ozone at the Earthâs surface. In this research, meteorological conditions were analyzed that may affect ozone concentration. We used vertical profile data generated in 3D contour maps using IDL (Interactive Data Language) software. The data were obtained at Summit, Greenland. This site has a flat topography with year-round snow cover. It experiences periods of extreme cold temperatures and 24 hours of darkness during winter. During the period of spring sunrise, chemicals accumulated in the snow are photochemically activated and changes in surface-atmosphere trace gas fluxes are observed. The 3D contour maps developed in this project are used to decipher meteorological changes and air transport, which is an important tool to reveal diurnal and seasonal controls of ozone transports, photochemical formations and surface deposition at Summit.
What is a quantum really like?
Creators: name: Mardari, Ghenadie N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hypothesis of quantum self-interference is not directly observable, but has at least three necessary implications. First, a quantum entity must have no less than two open paths. Second, the size of the interval between any two consecutive quanta must be irrelevant. Third, which-path information must not be available to any observer. All of these predictions have been tested and found to be false. A similar demonstration is provided for the hypothesis of quantum erasure. In contrast, if quanta are treated as real particles, acting as sources of real waves, then all types of interference can be explained with a single causal mechanism, without logical or experimental inconsistencies.
description: Forthcoming in "Quantum Theory: Reconsideration of Foundations - 3", Vaxjo, Sweden, June 2005, AIP Proceedings (vol. no. tbd)
Analysis and application of multiplicative stochastic process with a sample-dependent lower bound
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Ken
name: Yamazaki, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multiplicative stochastic process with the lower bound lognormally distributed is investigated. For the process, the model is constructed, and its distribution function (involving four parameters) and the related statistical properties are derived. By adjusting the parameters, it is confirmed that the theoretical distribution is consistent with empirical distributions of some real data.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
The Political Economy of Degressivity and Capping: New evidence from Hungary
Creators: name: Szerletics, Akos
name: Szerletics, Akos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The debate on reforming the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2020 has already started by when the European Commission published its own vision on the future of agriculture and food production in the European Union (European Commission, 2017). This Communication paper set the political arena. One of the key aspects of this debate relates to the revision of the system of EU direct payments to farmers. These payments which supplement incomes from farming have an overwhelming share in the budget assigned to Pillar I of the CAP. The fine tuning of the degressieve reduction and the capping of direct payments is to be part of the new reform package. Although it has, for a long time, been a popular idea to limit payments to larger farms in one way or another, and subsidise smaller agricultural holdings instead, new evidence from Hungary suggests that placing a cap on direct payments may cause more harm than good in terms of land use change.
Direct Sampling with a Step Function
Creators: name: Raim, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The direct sampling method proposed by Walker et al. (JCGS 2011) can generate draws from weighted distributions possibly having intractable normalizing constants. The method may be of interest as a useful tool in situations which require drawing from an unfamiliar distribution. However, the original algorithm can have difficulty producing draws in some situations. The present work restricts attention to a univariate setting where the weight function and base distribution of the weighted target density meet certain criteria. Here, a variant of the direct sampler is proposed which uses a step function to approximate the density of a particular augmented random variable on which the method is based. Knots for the step function can be placed strategically to ensure the approximation is close to the underlying density. Variates may then be generated reliably while largely avoiding the need for manual tuning or rejections. A rejection sampler based on the step function allows exact draws to be generated from the target with lower rejection probability in exchange for increased computation. Several applications of the proposed sampler illustrate the method: generating draws from the Conway-Maxwell Poisson distribution, a Gibbs sampler which draws the dependence parameter in a random effects model with conditional autoregression structure, and a Gibbs sampler which draws the degrees-of-freedom parameter in a regression with t-distributed errors.
Farmer behaviour towards the agricultural risk management tools provided by the CAP: a comparison between Italy and Poland
Creators: name: Trestini, Samuel
name: Giampietri, Elisa
name: Smiglak-Krajewska, Magdalena
name: Trestini, Samuel
name: Giampietri, Elisa
name: Smiglak-Krajewska, Magdalena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: risk management
subject: structural equation modeling
subject: insurance decision
subject: farmer behaviour

description: The literature on risk management widely discussed the determinants of farmers’ insurance adoption, with risk aversion and risk perception being established as the most relevant predictors of farmers’ intention. Being part of an on-going study in EU countries, this paper proposes an integrated model to analyse the simultaneous interrelations among different antecedents of farmer intention, using a structural equation model. To this purpose, a field survey in Italy and Poland was carried out through direct interviews. The preliminary evidences demonstrate that previous insurance adoption at farm level and the subjective trust of producers towards the intermediaries that are somehow responsible for the adoption of such risk management instrument are the main predictors of future intention to take out insurance. Moreover, in line with recent literature, we found risk aversion negatively influencing the intention.
Numerical simulation of the transformation of the pre-hurricane Gabrielle (2001) disturbance into a warm-core system
Creators: name: Dollen-Musgrave, Kate
name: Davis, Christopher
name: Holzhauer, Victoria
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2002
Subjects: Tropical cyclone
Formation
Dynamics
Forecasters
Coastal populations
Mesoscale

Tropical cyclones, often called hurricanes or tropical storms, can cause thousands of deaths and billions of dollars in damages to home and businesses. Research on the formation of tropical cyclones, while spanning decades, has been limited compared to research on the dynamics and prediction of mature tropical cyclones. The relative de-emphasis on tropical cyclone formation research is linked with the tendency of these systems to form several days away from land. Sometimes, however, tropical cyclones form close to land, giving forecasters as little as a few hours to attempt to prepare the public for their potentially devastating impacts. With soaring coastal populations, this small amount of time is insufficient, necessitating better prediction of the formation of these tropical cyclones. Hurricane Gabrielle (2001) formed a few hundred miles from the Florida coast only three days before making landfall. This project simulated the formation of Gabrielle using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model (MM5). The simulation results, along with available observations, were examined for the large-scale and mesoscale factors that influenced Gabrielleâs transition from a cold-core non-tropical disturbance to a warm-core tropical cyclone. This project found that asymmetrical rainfall created circulation anomalies that, when axisymmetrized, provided the energy to fuel the transition of the disturbance to the warm-core Gabrielle. This asymmetric rainfall was organized by vertical wind shear interacting with the disturbance. This systemâs reliance on vertical wind shear for development significantly differs from previous research on tropical cyclone formation, which stresses low vertical wind shear.
Lampi X dalla Mucca, un oggetto compatto in fasce
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Ha avuto probabilmente origine da una stella morente che produce un buco nero o una stella di neutroni l’esplosione stellare super luminosa, nota come “the Cow”, osservata dagli astronomi nel 2018 e studiata successivamente con lo strumento Nicer a bordo della Stazione spaziale. Francesco Tombesi: «La Mucca è stato il primo oggetto di questo tipo a essere scoperto, ma lo zoo si sta popolando anche di “koala”, “cammelli” e altri animali esotici»
Low temperature silicon epitaxy on hydrogen terminated Si(100) surfaces
Creators: name: Ji, Jeong-Young
name: Shen, T. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Si deposition on H terminated Si(100)-2x1 and 3x1 surfaces at temperatures 300-530 K is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Hydrogen apparently hinders Si adatom diffusion and enhances surface roughening. The post-growth annealing effect is analyzed. Hydrogen is shown to remain on the growth front up to at least 10 ML. The dihydride units on the 3x1 surfaces further suppress the Si adatom diffusion and increase surface roughness.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
Doppia pulsar, Einstein la spunta ancora
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

La “doppia pulsar”, scoperta nel 2003 da Marta Burgay dell’Inaf di Cagliari, è stata il banco di prova di uno studio volto a sondare i limiti della teoria della relatività generale di Einstein tramite una serie di rigorosi e inediti test scientifici. Lo studio, che ha coinvolto sette radiotelescopi e un team di ricercatori da dieci paesi del mondo, ha esaminato ben 16 anni di osservazioni della doppia pulsar confermando gli effetti relativistici previsti dalla teoria al 99,99 per cento
Anthophora (Paramegilla) fulvicauda Timberlake 1937
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Anthophora (Paramegilla) fulvicauda Timberlake, 1937
[Holotype: AMNH; ♀ Riverside, California, USA; May 31, 1926]
Anthophora fulvicauda inhabits the southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico. In BC, it was first documented in the Lower Colorado Desert in April 1960 with one specimen vouchered in the AMNH (GBIF 2023). We examined one female collected in the Lower Colorado Desert in April 1973 (CASC). The BBPT collected four females and one male in the Lower Colorado Desert (1 ♀), Succulent Coastal Matorral (2 ♀, 1 ♂), and the Central Desert in April 2023 (1 ♀; MABC). See fig. 78.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Anomaly-matching and Higgs-less effective theories
Creators: name: Hirn, Johannes
name: Stern, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the low-energy effective theory for Higgs-less electroweak symmetry breaking: we study the anomaly-matching in the situation where all Goldstone fields disappear from the spectrum as a result of the Higgs mechanism. We find that the global SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x U(1)_{B-L} symmetry of the underlying theory, which is spontaneously broken to SU(2)_{L+R} x U(1)_{B-L} has to be anomaly-free. For the sake of generality, we include the possibility of light spin-1/2 bound states resulting from the dynamics of the strongly-interacting symmetry-breaking sector, in addition to the Goldstone bosons. Such composite fermions may have non-standard couplings at the leading order, and an arbitrary total B-L charge. In order to perform the anomaly-matching in that case, we generalize the construction of the Wess-Zumino effective lagrangian. Composite fermions beyond the three known generations are theoretically allowed, and there are no restrictions from the anomaly-matching on their couplings nor on their U(1)_{B-L} charge. Absence of global anomalies for the composite sector as a whole does not preclude anomalous triple gauge boson couplings arising from composite fermion triangular diagrams. On the other hand, the trace of B-L over elementary fermions must vanish if all Goldstone modes are to disappear from the spectrum.
description: Keywords: Anomalies in Field and String Theories, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Beyond the Standard Model, Chiral Lagrangians. 33 pages, 7 figures
Singularities of Schubert Varieties within a Right Cell
Creators: name: Lanini, Martina
name: McNamara, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe an algorithm which pattern embeds, in the sense of Woo-Yong, any Bruhat interval of a symmetric group into an interval whose extremes lie in the same right Kazhdan-Lusztig cell. This apparently harmless fact has applications in finding examples of reducible associated varieties of $\mathfrak{sl}_n$-highest weight modules, as well as in the study of $W$-graphs for symmetric groups, and in comparing various bases of irreducible representations of the symmetric group or its Hecke algebra. For example, we are able to systematically produce many negative answers to a question from the 1980s of Borho-Brylinski and Joseph, which had been settled by Williamson via computer calculations only in 2014.
Effectiveness of Greening in Poland
Creators: name: Wrzaszcz, Wioletta
name: Wrzaszcz, Wioletta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Greening
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: Effectiveness
subject: FADN farms
subject: Poland

description: In 2015 greening requirements were implemented. Legal rules obliged farmers to more environmental friendly farms` organization. The aim of the paper is to present the first effects of greening implementation in FADN farms in Poland, in the context of requirements concerning crop production organization and the maintenance of ecological focus areas. The paper is based on the panel of 7.4 thousand private farms participated in Single Area Payment Scheme, that enabled to identify organizational changes in agricultural production after greening binding. The research results indicated farms’ adaptation to greening requirements. Greening didn’t cause negative productive and economic outcomes for farms in 2015.
Designing better measuring networks to study the global carbon cycle
Creators: name: Drevon, Atzel
name: Schimel, David
name: Kleypas, Joanie
name: Roesch, Robert
name: Schmoll, Katy
name: Bliss, Shaan
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2002
Subjects: Global warming
Atmospheric transport model
Seasonal variability
Instrument

Our scientific understanding of global warming greatly depends on our ability to accurately measure the concentrations and fluxes of the carbon in the atmosphere. NOAA’s CO2 measuring site network is randomly arranged around the globe. In this project, we redesigned this network through the use of the Carbon Data Assimilation System or C-DAS. C-DAS was created at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), by combining different carbon cycle models (Terrestrial Ecosystem (TEM), Century, Takahashi and Biome-BSC) with an atmospheric transport model. The model creates a “pseudo atmosphere” in which simulated samples can be taken by instruments and platforms such as LiCor analyzers, automated flask, manual flask, tall towers, buoys and ground stations. Each instrument and platform has a cost of use and implementation, which allowed the total cost of each network to be estimated. The use of the C-DAS model allowed us to test several designs in terms of how well they represented global distributions of CO₂ concentration, and how much they cost. These results indicated that, because of the higher seasonal variability in CO₂ concentrations over land than over oceans, more land measuring sites are needed. In contrast, NOAA’s existing network has more sites over the ocean than over land, so it is under-sampling the global variation in concentrations. This type of information, and future studies to examine the effects of these networks on estimating actual CO₂ fluxes on the globe, will allow us to better understand the global carbon cycle and global warming.
Disc breaking through forced eccentricity growth
Creators: name: Overton, Madeline
name: Martin, Rebecca G.
name: Lubow, Stephen H.
name: Lepp, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by misaligned discs observed in eccentric orbit Be/X-ray binaries, we examine the evolution of a retrograde disc around one component of an eccentric binary with hydrodynamic simulations, $n$-body simulations and linear theory. Forced eccentricity growth from the eccentric orbit binary causes the initially circular disk to undergo eccentricity oscillations. A retrograde disc becomes more radially extended, more highly eccentric and undergoes more rapid apsidal precession compared to a prograde disc. We find that a retrograde disc can be subject to disc breaking where the disc forms two rings with different eccentricities and longitude of periastrons while remaining coplanar. This could have implications for the lightcurves and the X-ray outbursts observed in Be/X-ray binaries.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Speciated measurement of peroxy radicals using the PerCIMS technique
Creators: name: Goyea, Olusegun
name: Cantrell, Christopher
name: Edwards, Gavin
name: Lefer, Barry
name: Weber, Jeff
name: Datulayta, Pauline
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2002
Subjects: Hydroperoxy
Photochemistry
Troposphere
Ozone budget
Inlet

The goal of the research was to improve the sensitivity and speciation of the Peroxy Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (PerCIMS) technique used in measuring the concentration of hydroperoxy (HO₂) and organic peroxy (RO₂) radical in the atmosphere. It is important to know the concentration of these radicals because it helps to give a better understanding of the atmospheric photochemistry particularly as it relates to the cleansing capacity of the troposphere and in estimating the net ozone budget. The PerCIMS technique involves the conversion of peroxy radicals into ions using a combination of inlet and ion chemistry. Ion counts measured by this instrument were converted into concentration via a mathematical relationship developed from calibrating the instrument. A new dilution method was developed to try improving the PerCIMS instruments’ speciation of HO₂ and RO₂. This method is based on modifying the inlet chemistry of the instrument by altering the nitrogen oxide (NO): oxygen (O₂) ratio. It was observed that by adding more N₂, and thus decreasing the relative oxygen concentration in the inlet, HO₂ measurements were favored while detection of RO₂ radicals were favored by adding more oxygen to the inlet. Preliminary results of this new method looked favorable but some additional instrument modifications will be required to significantly improve the performance of the dilution method beyond that of the current technique. The success of this research will make available an improved way of measuring tropospheric peroxy radicals and thus improve our understanding of atmospheric photochemistry.
Il lampo ottico più veloce da una supernova Ia
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Grazie alle osservazioni effettuate con la fotocamera giapponese Tomo-e Gozen, un team di astronomi ha scoperto il lampo ottico più veloce mai osservato in una supernova di tipo Ia, la cui origine sembra essere legata all’interazione tra il materiale espulso dalla supernova e il materiale circumstellare denso confinato in seguito all’esplosione. Tutti i dettagli su ApJ Letters
Measurement of the electron affinities of the lanthanides
Creators: name: Davis, Vernon Thomas
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5102
subject: Atomic, molecular and optical physics

description: Laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy experiments have been performed at the Negative Ion Research Facility at the University of Nevada, Reno, to determine the electron affinity of several of the lanthanides. Electron affinities are reported for some lanthanides, while limits on the electron affinities for others are inferred from experimental results. In particular, electron affinities are reported for Ce (0.995 eV), Lu (0.346 eV), Pr (0.962 eV), Tm (1.029 eV), and Eu (1:053 eV). The electron affinities of Nd and Tb are estimated to be above 1.916 eV and 1.165 eV respectively. The electron affinity of Dy is estimated to be positive, while the electron affinity of Yb is estimated to be negative. The experimental evidence presented here is found to be in agreement with theoretical studies that predict the formation of lanthanide negative ions via the attachment of a 6p electron. Brief summaries of theories of many-electron atoms are presented, as well as the basic theory of negative ion formation and photon-ion interactions. Also presented is a discussion of basic current theoretical techniques used to determine the electron affinity and the electronic structure of negative ions. In particular, the Hartree-Fock and Dirac-Hartree-Fock central field approximations, relativistic density functional theories, and several multiconfigurational techniques are reviewed. A brief discussion of some current theoretical research employing these techniques is also included. Details of the experimental apparatus used in this study as well as the process for creating the negative ion beams are offered. The experimental results of this study are summarized and compared to current theoretical calculations for the electron affinities and electronic structures of the lanthanide atomic anions. There is strong disagreement between the results of this study and the predictions of central field theory calculations and density functional theory calculations. It is found that the relativistic coupled cluster method (a multconfigurational approximation technique) is the method that provides the best agreement with the results of this study. Finally, suggestions for future research avenues are offered.
Writing representations over proper sub-division rings
Creators: name: Glasby, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C40, 20C10

description: Let E be a division ring and G a finite group of automorphisms of E whose elements are distinct modulo inner automorphisms of E. Given a representation ρ: B-> GL(d,E) of an F-algebra B, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for ρto be {\it writable} over F=E^G, i.e. whether or not there exists a matrix A in GL(d,E) that conjugates ρ(B) into GL(d,F). We give an algorithm for constructing an A, or proving that no A exists. The case of particular interest to us is when E is a field, and ρis absolutely irreducible. The algorithm relies on an explicit formula for A, and a generalization of Hilbert's Theorem 90 (Theorem~3) that arises in Galois cohomology. The algorithm has applications to the construction of absolutely irreducible group representations (especially for solvable groups), and to the recognition of one of the classes in Aschbacher's matrix group classification scheme.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure (LaTeX2e)
L’ala della farfalla posata sul Camaleonte
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Questa immagine eterea, catturata nella luce visibile con il telescopio Gemini South in cima al Cerro Pachón in Cile, sembra delicata come l'ala di una farfalla. Si tratta di una struttura nota come Nebulosa infrarossa del Camaleonte e si trova vicino al centro della gigantesca nube oscura Camaleonte I, una delle regioni di formazione stellare più vicine nella nostra galassia, la Via Lattea
Additional file 1 of Risk of hypertension in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Creators: name: Amiri, Mina
name: Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
name: Behboudi-Gandevani, Samira
name: Bidhendi-Yarandi, Razieh
name: Carmina, Enrico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Quality assessment of included studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cross-sectional studies. Table S2. Quality assessment of included studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies. Table S3. Quality assessment of included studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for case-control studies. Figure S1. Risk of bias in cross-sectional and case- control studies. Figure S2. Risk of bias in cohort studies. Figure S3. Sensitivity analysis for RR in reproductive age group for all studies. Table S4. sensitivity analysis for RR in reproductive age group for all studies. Figure S4. Sensitivity analysis for RR in menopause aging group for all studies. Table S5. Sensitivity analysis for RR in menopause aging group for all studies. Figure S5. Sensitivity analysis for Prevalence in patients with PCOS of reproductive ages. Table S6. Sensitivity analysis for Prevalence in patients with PCOS in reproductive ages. Figure S6. Sensitivity analysis for Prevalence in patients with PCOS in menopause aging group. Table S7. Sensitivity analysis for Prevalence in patients with PCOS in menopause aging group. Figure S7. Sensitivity analysis for Prevalence in healthy controls of reproductive ages. Table S8. Sensitivity analysis for Prevalence in healthy control of reproductive ages. Figure S8. Sensitivity analysis for Prevalence in healthy control of menopause aging group. Table S9. Sensitivity analysis for Prevalence in healthy control of menopause aging group. Figure S9. The result of sensitivity analysis for all age subgroups. Figure S10. The result of sensitivity analysis for reproductive age subgroup. Figure S11. The result of sensitivity analysis for menopause/aging subgroup. Figure S12. Forest plot of pooled relative risk of HTN for all studies except those with Rotterdam criteria. Figure S13. Forest plot of pooled relative risk of HTN for all population based studies except those with Rotterdam criteria. Figure S14. Forest plot of pooled relative risk of HTN for all non-population based studies except those with Rotterdam criteria.
Measurement of the electron affinities of the lanthanides
Creators: name: Davis, Vernon Thomas
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy experiments have been performed at the Negative Ion Research Facility at the University of Nevada, Reno, to determine the electron affinity of several of the lanthanides. Electron affinities are reported for some lanthanides, while limits on the electron affinities for others are inferred from experimental results. In particular, electron affinities are reported for Ce (0.995 eV), Lu (0.346 eV), Pr (0.962 eV), Tm (1.029 eV), and Eu (1:053 eV). The electron affinities of Nd and Tb are estimated to be above 1.916 eV and 1.165 eV respectively. The electron affinity of Dy is estimated to be positive, while the electron affinity of Yb is estimated to be negative. The experimental evidence presented here is found to be in agreement with theoretical studies that predict the formation of lanthanide negative ions via the attachment of a 6p electron. Brief summaries of theories of many-electron atoms are presented, as well as the basic theory of negative ion formation and photon-ion interactions. Also presented is a discussion of basic current theoretical techniques used to determine the electron affinity and the electronic structure of negative ions. In particular, the Hartree-Fock and Dirac-Hartree-Fock central field approximations, relativistic density functional theories, and several multiconfigurational techniques are reviewed. A brief discussion of some current theoretical research employing these techniques is also included. Details of the experimental apparatus used in this study as well as the process for creating the negative ion beams are offered. The experimental results of this study are summarized and compared to current theoretical calculations for the electron affinities and electronic structures of the lanthanide atomic anions. There is strong disagreement between the results of this study and the predictions of central field theory calculations and density functional theory calculations. It is found that the relativistic coupled cluster method (a multconfigurational approximation technique) is the method that provides the best agreement with the results of this study. Finally, suggestions for future research avenues are offered.
Power Delivery of the Future
Creators: name: Rabinowitz, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is written to provide an insight into the physics and engineering that go into power delivery of the future. Topics covered are Fault Current Limiters (FCL) including Superconducting FCL and Emission Limited FCL; Lightning and Restoration Preparedness; Compressed-Gas-Insulated Delivery; Evaporative Cooling Delivery; Advanced Delivery Technologies Requiring Big Breakthroughs such as Conducting Polymers, Electron-Beam Delivery, Microwave Delivery, and Laser-Beam Delivery.
description: 10 pages, 0 figures
The monetary transmission mechanisms: An empirical application to the Turkish economy
Creators: name: Ozturkler, Harun
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study aims to contribute monetary economics by studying monetary transmission channels in Turkey, an economy experiencing rapid structural change, rendering structural models very fragile. A case is made for using VAR techniques to measure monetary policy and reaction to it of other economic variables. One of the findings of my empirical work is the existence of "price puzzle", i.e., inflation rises in response to an increase in interest rates. A possible explanation for the persistent "price puzzle" is what we termed as "cost effect". Another possible explanation is so called "omitted variable" argument. A second finding of my empirical work is that monetary aggregates perform better than interest rate measures in the framework of VAR. Among monetary aggregates, narrow measures of monetary policy perform better than the larger measures. A third finding of my empirical work is that in the second sub-period covered, the interest rates become more sensitive to inflation when compared with the sub-period. However, the increased sensitivity of interest rates does not lessen the reactionary character of monetary aggregates in response to inflation. The fourth finding of my empirical work is that inflation responds to the innovations in monetary aggregates with a lag. This lag in the relationship between monetary aggregates and inflation allows innovations in monetary aggregates to generate short run real effects. The fifth finding of my empirical work is the existence of a weak bank-lending channel. Another finding related to the weak banking lending channel finding is the difficulty in finding a specific role for the free reserves of the banking sector. The sixth finding of my empirical work is that exchange rate deprecation is contractionary. Furthermore, we have consistently found that an expansionary monetary policy leads to a currency appreciation, rather than depreciation. The final implication of my dissertation is that in Turkey the monetary policy, specifically in the post-1994 period, has become anti-inflationary, which has made the policy predictable.
The monetary transmission mechanisms: An empirical application to the Turkish economy
Creators: name: Ozturkler, Harun
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 3803
subject: Economic theory

description: This study aims to contribute monetary economics by studying monetary transmission channels in Turkey, an economy experiencing rapid structural change, rendering structural models very fragile. A case is made for using VAR techniques to measure monetary policy and reaction to it of other economic variables. One of the findings of my empirical work is the existence of "price puzzle", i.e., inflation rises in response to an increase in interest rates. A possible explanation for the persistent "price puzzle" is what we termed as "cost effect". Another possible explanation is so called "omitted variable" argument. A second finding of my empirical work is that monetary aggregates perform better than interest rate measures in the framework of VAR. Among monetary aggregates, narrow measures of monetary policy perform better than the larger measures. A third finding of my empirical work is that in the second sub-period covered, the interest rates become more sensitive to inflation when compared with the sub-period. However, the increased sensitivity of interest rates does not lessen the reactionary character of monetary aggregates in response to inflation. The fourth finding of my empirical work is that inflation responds to the innovations in monetary aggregates with a lag. This lag in the relationship between monetary aggregates and inflation allows innovations in monetary aggregates to generate short run real effects. The fifth finding of my empirical work is the existence of a weak bank-lending channel. Another finding related to the weak banking lending channel finding is the difficulty in finding a specific role for the free reserves of the banking sector. The sixth finding of my empirical work is that exchange rate deprecation is contractionary. Furthermore, we have consistently found that an expansionary monetary policy leads to a currency appreciation, rather than depreciation. The final implication of my dissertation is that in Turkey the monetary policy, specifically in the post-1994 period, has become anti-inflationary, which has made the policy predictable.
An analytic model of chiral-induced spin selectivity
Creators: name: Ghazaryan, Areg
name: Paltiel, Yossi
name: Lemeshko, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Organic materials are known to feature long spin-diffusion times, originating in a generally small spin-orbit coupling observed in these systems. From that perspective, chiral molecules acting as efficient spin selectors pose a puzzle, that attracted a lot of attention during the recent years. Here we revisit the physical origins of chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS), and propose a simple analytic minimal model to describe it. The model treats a chiral molecule as an anisotropic wire with molecular dipole moments aligned arbitrarily with respect to the wire's axes, and is therefore quite general. Importantly, it shows that helical structure of the molecule is not necessary to observe CISS and other chiral non-helical molecules can also be considered as a potential candidates for CISS effect. We also show that the suggested simple model captures the main characteristics of CISS observed in experiment, without the need for additional constraints employed in the previous studies. The results pave the way for understanding other related physical phenomena where CISS effect plays an essential role.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Premio per una tesi sul restauro del globo di Brera
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

La giuria della 15esima edizione del Premio nazionale delle arti ha selezionato come miglior tesi per la sezione restauro quella della 27enne novarese Marta Destro, dedicata alla storia e al restauro di un globo terrestre del cartografo austriaco Joseph Jüttner conservato al museo dell’Osservatorio astronomico dell’Inaf di Brera