E00696: Coptic Martyrdom of *Isaak of Tiphre (martyr of Tiphre in the Nile Delta, S00441), claiming to be an eyewitness account. Known through three manuscripts in the Bohairic dialect of the 9th-10th c., one seemingly copied from a manuscript giving a date for the year 399. The account includes a list of benefits promised to the saint’s devotees, including healing at his shrine, and describes the construction of the saint’s oratory.
Creators: name: Bryan
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2015
Subjects: History

description: Coptic Martyrdom of Isaak of Tiphre<br><br>Summary:<br><br>In the village of Tiphre in the Nile Delta, Isaak at the age of 25, young, prudent and beautiful, is asleep in his field, when an angel appears to him in his sleep and encourages him to confess his faith before the governor, in order to die for Christ’s name and be received in his kingdom. <br><br>In the morning, Isaak confronts his parents with this idea, who refuse to let him go. The angel returns the following night and promises Isaak to help him through his struggle and suffering. He then leads him away from home to the city Taubah, where the governor is resting in a bath for healing purposes: <br><br>ⲁϥϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲛⲓ <br>“He found the governor in the healing bath.” (ed. Budge, fol. 154–158).<br><br>At the entrance, Isaak meets a soldier named Dionysios who tries to persuade him not to confess his faith publicly. Just then the governor Culcianus appears and Isaak announces his faith. Culcianus likewise asks him to reconsider and entrusts his soldier Dionysios with the task of taming the Christian until his return. Dionysios takes Isaak home and offers him his only daughter in marriage in addition to a post in the army, should he sacrifice to the pagan gods. Since Isaak refuses, Dionysios puts him under arrest. Meanwhile, Isaak heals a blind beggar by touching the man’s eyes. By the time the governor returns, his soldier Dionysios has converted to Christianity himself and demands to die as a martyr. The governor tries to ignore him and make his way home, but is miraculously hindered from doing so, gets angry and orders Dionysios to be beheaded, thus fulfilling his martyrdom on the 5th of Pashons, one day before Isaak (ed. Budge, fol. 158–169).<br><br>The governor takes Isaak along on a short boat trip to Peshati to face his trial there a day later. This trial includes numerous brutal tortures answered by miracles destroying the very instruments for torture (ed. Budge, fol. 169–172). <br><br>Culcianus eventually hands Isaak over to Arianus to see, if perhaps he can persuade the Christian to sacrifice. Arianus takes him along further south on a ship to his next trial. On the boat, the eye of one of the sailors is healed through the water left in Isaak’s drinking cup.<br> <br>After a sixteen-day boat trip south, Isaak is taken into the city of Hormes. In prison he meets two other confessors, Philoxenos and Apa Serene [these are probably, but not certainly, the martyrs of Oxyrhynchos], who encourage him, despite his youth. His trial in front of Arianus begins on the next morning, when Arianus asks him “through the interpreter” (ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲙⲉⲛⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ (ἑρμηνευτής)) to sacrifice to the imperial gods. Due to his refusal, large numbers of extreme tortures are brought upon him, all of which he endures through the help of divine intervention. This combat between tortures and faith is so impressive that the crowds demand that the governor release the saint. Arianus orders him to be brought back to Taubah, where he first met Culcianus, to be beheaded there (ed. Budge, fol. 173–189).<br><br>In his final prayer, Isaak asks for 1. the well-being of his home village; 2. the forgiveness of sins for whoever shall come to pray at his body; 3. the well-being of the one who will bury him; 4. eternal life for the one who will write down and publish the account of his martyrdom; 5. happiness to whoever shall name their son after Isaak; 6. and favours granted to whoever shall make an offering at Isaak’s tomb. These wishes, and whatever else the saint shall wish in addition, are granted, and the archangel Michael is appointed to the place where the saint’s body will be buried to serve him there and help with the healing of whoever shall pray to Isaac (ed. Budge, fol. 190–196).<br><br>Fol. 193–196 (ed. Budge, p. 35): ⲥⲟⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲡⲁ⳪ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱⲧ ⲙⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲏ ⲉϯⲉⲣⲉⲧⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲱ ⲡⲁ⳪ <br>ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛϯⲙⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁϯⲙⲓ ⲙⲏⲡⲟⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩϫⲁϫⲓ ⲧⲱⲛϥ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲉⲕⲉⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲙⲙⲏⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣⲃⲟⲏⲑⲓⲛ <br>ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲛⲟⲩϫⲁϫⲓ <br>ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲕⲉⲭⲱ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ ⲫⲣⲏ ϩⲱⲧⲡ ⲙⲡⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ <br>ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡ⳪ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲥⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲱ ⲡⲁⲙⲉⲛⲣⲓⲧ <br>ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲉⲣⲉⲧⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲏⲉⲧⲕⲱⲥ ⲙⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲕⲉϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ ⲛⲛⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲃⲏϣ <br>ⲫⲏⲉⲑⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲕⲉϧⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲡϫⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲡⲱⲛϧ. <br>ⲫⲏⲉⲑⲛⲁϯ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲧⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲕⲉⲑⲱⲧ ⲛϧⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ <br>ⲫⲏⲉⲑⲛⲁϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ ⲉⲡⲁⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲕⲉϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ ⲛⲁⲡⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲛ <br>ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϫⲓⲛ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ⲟⲩⲱϩⲉⲙ ⲛⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲏ ⲙⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲣⲁⲩϣⲉ ϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ <br>ⲛⲁⲕ ϫⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲉⲣⲉⲧⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲏⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲭⲱⲟⲩⲛⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲉⲣⲡⲟⲩⲙⲉⲩⲓ ϯⲛⲁⲉⲣⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉⲥⲑⲉ <br>ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ. ⲓⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲁⲣⲭⲏⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲁⲓⲑⲁϣϥ ⲉⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲫⲏⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲭⲱ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲏⲉⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣⲉⲧⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ<br><br>"‘Hear me, my Lord, and satisfy my heart through that which I ask from you. <br>You know, Lord, that my village is small, so that an enemy might attack it. Send the archangel Michael to help them and strengthen them, so that you destroy the enemies.<br>If someone commits a sin and comes to my body and entreats you, you shall forgive him his sins, before the sun sets on that day.’<br>The Lord said to him: ‘So it shall be, my Beloved.’<br>Saint Apa Isaak said to him: ‘I am asking you on behalf of the one who prepares my body for burial in a grave, that you shall cover his body at the time of his need so that he shall not be naked. <br>The one who will write my martyr story and make me known, you shall write his name in the Book of Life.<br>The one who will give my name to a son of his wholeheartedly, you shall satisfy with joy.<br>The one who will give an offering at my shrine (topos), you shall repay him with the endless gift.’<br>After saint Apa Isaak said these things, the Saviour replied to him in a gentle voice, saying: ‘Amen. I am telling you that everything you have asked in my name, I will grant you. Also the things you have not mentioned, I will grant you. Behold, I have appointed Michael, the great archangel to your shrine (topos) in which your body will be kept, so that he shall serve you in any healing request from people who ask these things through you.’"<br><br>The place where he was beheaded on the 6th day of the month Pashons (1st May) trembled three times and blood and milk came out of his wound. The blind, lame, deaf and dumb of the city took from the liquids running out of his body and put them on their diseased parts and all were healed (ed. Budge, fol. 197–198). The leading citizen arrived bringing two different types of cloth, one in which he wrapped the head of the saint, the other to wrap up his body (ed. Budge, fol. 198).<br><br>Fol. 198 (ed. Budge, p. 35): ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁϥⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲟⲧⲟⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲗⲉⲛⲧⲓⲟⲛ ⲛϣⲉⲛⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲏⲓϥ <br>ⲉⲧⲉϥⲁⲫⲉ ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲛϩⲁⲛⲥⲩⲛⲇⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲕⲱⲥ ⲙⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ <br><br>“Afterwards, the leading citizen of the city came and brought one linen cloth (λέντιον) and placed it over his head. And he also brought some fine linen (σινδών) and wrapped up the body of the blessed Apa Isaak.”<br><br>Christopheros, a relative (συγγενής) of Apa Isaak, who claims that he has been with the saint all along through his struggle and has written down the account of his martyrdom, asked the leading citizen for help to carry away the body. He offers him ten of his servants and a four-wheeled wagon for the transport of the saint’s remains. Christopheros then transports the body to the saint’s home village. When he reaches the river and finds no boat to cross it, the animals pulling the wagon just walk across the water through divine intervention. The body is then carried to the local church and Christopheros takes apart the saint’s house located to the north of the church and within eight months builds an oratory (εὐκτήριον) to the saint instead and dedicates it to his glory. He then sends for the bishop to consecrate it on the 6th day of the month of Tybi (1st/2nd January) (ed. Budge, fol. 199–201).<br><br>Fol. 200 (ed. Budge, p. 35–36): ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲁⲓϣⲟⲣϣⲉⲣ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ ⲥⲁϩⲏⲧ ⲛϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϫⲱⲕ ⲛⲏ <br>ⲛⲁⲃⲟⲧ ⲁⲓⲕⲱⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲩⲕⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲓϯ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲅⲓⲁⲍⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲥⲟⲩ ϛ <br>ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲃⲟⲧ ⲧⲱⲃⲓ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲛϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ <br><br>"Afterwards, I, Christophoros, took his house on the north side of the church apart and within eight months I had built an oratory for the saint and dedicated it to his glory. We sent and brought the bishop and he consecrated it on the sixth day of the month Tybi. Many miracles and wonders took place in it."<br><br>At the end of the colophon of the manuscript edited by Budge, the year 115 of the era of the martyrs (AD 399) is mentioned as the year of production of the manuscript, however, at the time of the patriarch Abba John, the archbishop of Alexandria. This might be John the Merciful/Almsgiver, but his dates as patriarch of Alexandria are two centuries later (AD 606–616). Budge himself suggested this to be the first known John, patriarch of Alexandria, whose dates in office are given as AD 498–507, with the discrepancy in the overall date of the manuscript remaining.<br><br>Fol. 201, end of colophon (ed. Budge, p. 35–36): ⳩ ⳥ ⲣⲓⲉ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁϥ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲓⲱ ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ <br>ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲭⲥ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ <br><br>"(Written in the year) 115 of the martyrs, in the presence of our father, the patriarch Abba John, the archbishop of Alexandria, while our Lord Jesus Christ reigns over us. Amen."<br><br>Text: Budge 1886. Translations and summary: Gesa Schenke.