cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Scattering of Dirac Spinors in Rotating Spheroids
Creators: name: Gao, Zhi Fu
name: Chen, Ci Xing
name: Wang, Na
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are many stars that are rotating spheroids in the Universe, and studying them is of very important significance. Since the times of Newton, many astronomers and physicists have researched gravitational properties of stars by considering the moment equations derived from Eulerian hydrodynamic equations. In this paper we study the scattering of spinors of the Dirac equation, and in particular investigate the scattering issue in the limit case of rotating Maclaurin spheroids. Firstly we give the metric of a rotating ellipsoid star, then write the Dirac equation under this metric, and finally derive the scattering solution to the Dirac equation and establish a relation between differential scattering cross-section, $σ$, and stellar matter density, $μ$. It is found that the sensitivity of $σ$ to the change in $μ$ is proportional to the density $μ$. Because of weak gravitational field and constant mass density, our results are reasonable. The results can be applied to white dwarfs, main sequence stars, red giants, supergiant stars and so on, as long as their gravitational fields are so weak that they can be treated in the Newtonan approximations, and the fluid is assumed to be incompressible. Notice that we take the star's matter density to be its average density and the star is not taken to be compact. Obviously our results cannot be used to study neutron stars and black holes. In particular, our results are suitable for white dwarfs, which have average densities of about $10^{5}-10^{6}$\,g~cm$^{-3}$, corresponding to a range of mass of about $0.21-0.61 M_{\bigodot}$ and a range of radius of about $6000-10000$\,km.
description: This version exactly corresponds to the published version with 12.pages
A NOTE ON LOSSES FROM PRICE STABILIZATION
Creators: name: Chapman, R.
name: Foley, K.
name: Chapman, R.
name: Foley, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: In a recent article in this journal, Tisdell (1) has taken up the question of price stabilisation as it affects both the growers and users of a raw material, in this case wool. He has constructed a model which purports to show conditions under which a reduction in the variability of wool prices by the operation of a self balancing buffer stock scheme will reduce (a) the producer surplus of growers and (b) the average (or expected) profits of processors.1 While applauding this integrated approach to the problem of commodity price stabilisation, we hold serious reservations about the relevance of Tisdell's conclusions. These suffer from a mistaken inference drawn by Tisdell concerning the effects of a stable versus unstable price regime on the expected total costs of wool users.
DISTRIBUTED LAGS AND BARLEY ACREAGE RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Anderson, Kym
name: Anderson, Kym
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The need to incorporate production response lags in agricultural supply models is established, and two such lags are considered: the familiar adaptive expectations geometric lag, and a more general polynomial lag. These distributed lag supply response models are applied to Australian barley data for the period 1946-47 to 1968-69. A number of statistical problems associated with the adaptive expectations model are discussed, and in particular it is concluded that lags both in the formation of price expectations and in acreage adjustment should be considered when using geometric lag models. While the polynomial lag model does not provide useful results in the present study, its simplicity and flexibility suggest it may be useful in other studies requiring distributed lag models. The short run and long run price elasticity of barley supply estimates are compared with Gruen et al. [14] supply elasticities for the other major rural commodities, from which it appears that barley has a higher short run elasticity but a lower long run elasticity than wheat, wool and meat.
Superradiant scattering from a hydrodynamic vortex
Creators: name: Slatyer, T. R.
name: Savage, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that sound waves scattered from a hydrodynamic vortex may be amplified. Such superradiant scattering follows from the physical analogy between spinning black holes and hydrodynamic vortices. However a sonic horizon analogous to the black hole event horizon does not exist unless the vortex possesses a central drain, which is challenging to produce experimentally. In the astrophysical domain, superradiance can occur even in the absence of an event horizon: we show that in the hydrodynamic analogue, a drain is not required and a vortex scatters sound superradiantly. Possible experimental realization in dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensates is discussed.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
An Origin of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction at Graphene-Ferromagnet Interfaces Due to the Intralayer RKKY/BR Interaction
Creators: name: Yang, Jin
name: Li, Jian
name: Lin, Liangzhong
name: Zhu, Jia-Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of both the itinerant carrier-mediated RKKY interaction and the virtual excitations-mediated Bloembergen-Rowland (BR) interaction between magnetic moments in graphene induced by proximity effect with a ferromagnetic film. We show that the RKKY/BR interaction consists of the Heisenberg, Ising, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) terms. In the case of the nearest distance, we estimate the DM term from the RKKY/BR interaction is about 0.13 meV for the graphene/Co interface, which is consistent with the experimental result of DM interaction $0.16 \pm 0.05$ meV. Our calculations indicate that the intralayer RKKY/BR interaction may be a possible physical origin of the DM interaction in the graphene-ferromagnet interface. This work provides a new perspective to comprehend the DM interaction in graphene/ferromagnet systems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Crossing of the w=-1 barrier in viscous modified gravity
Creators: name: Brevik, Iver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a modified form of gravity in which the action contains a power alpha of the scalar curvature. It is shown how the presence of a bulk viscosity in a spatially flat universe may drive the cosmic fluid into the phantom region (w-1) in the non-viscous case. The condition for this to occur is that the bulk viscosity contains the power (2 alpha-1) of the scalar expansion. Two specific examples are discussed in detail. The present paper is a generalization of the recent investigation dealing with barrier crossing in Einstein's gravity: I. Brevik and O. Gorbunova, Gen. Relativ. Grav. 37 (2005) 2039.
description: 12 pages, latex, no figures
The Economics of Milk Production in Orissa, India, with particular Emphasis on Small-scale Producers
Creators: name: Saha, Amit
name: Garcia, Otto
name: Hemme, Torsten
name: Saha, Amit
name: Garcia, Otto
name: Hemme, Torsten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Costs of production
subject: India
subject: milk
subject: Orissa
subject: policy
subject: poverty reduction
subject: small-scale dairy
subject: typical farms

description: The purpose of the study is to assess the economics of dairy farming in the state of Orissa, one of the poorest states in India, and to evaluate the prospects for improving the dairy income for small-scale producers, which currently form the backbone of the dairy industry. The study applies a method of economic analysis developed by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) which is based on the concept of 'typical farms'. Three broad farm types were selected to represent 'typical farms' in the state: farms stall feeding two dairy animals (buffalo or local cattle), representing the most common farm type found in the state, farms with six dairy animals, located in peri-urban areas benefiting from good market access, and rural farms practicing a form of pastoral production system in areas where communal grazing land is available. Each farm is described in detail with assets, production costs, profits and other economic information presented both graphically and in the text. A comparison with similar farms in the state of Haryana is provided. The study finds that all farms cover the dairy cash costs but that on the smaller farms returns to family labour are below local wage rates. However, the small scale dairy farms will persist as long as alternative employment opportunities for family labour are scarce. It also appears that there is a large potential to reduce milk production costs of smallholder dairy farming and increase family farm income through milk production by better breed, feed and herd management. Although milk yields in Orissa are much lower than in Haryana, farmers in Orissa produce milk at competitive costs due to lower land costs and lower wage rates. The availability of grazing land in Orissa and cheaper feed also contributes to lowering the costs of milk production. Smallholders using buffalo for milk production in Orissa were found to be more cost competitive than similar farms in Haryana. Hence suitable strategies to promote such buffalo-based systems should have potential for improving the production and competitive position of dairying in Orissa.
A Review of Household Poultry Production as a Tool in Poverty Reduction with Focus on Bangladesh and India
Creators: name: Dolberg, Frands
name: Dolberg, Frands
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Pro-poor livestock policy
subject: livelihoods
subject: poultry
subject: poverty alleviation

description: This Working Paper for the South Asia regional hub of the Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative presents the case for using poultry, in very small units of 5-10 adult birds, as a means of alleviating the poverty of rural women in the region. Policies and procedures that affect the success of such initiatives are examined. The author draws on personal experience and an extensive literature review. The main focus of the paper is a review of what is known as the Bangladesh Model. Emphasising that this is not a static model, the author explains its evolution by Bangladesh's largest NGO, BRAC, working with the government department responsible for livestock services. The main feature of the model is that the supply of inputs and services are turned into income earning opportunities for poor people. The focus is on poverty reduction, rather than on increasing the supply of eggs and poultry meat. The main components are the involvement of NGOs that have access to groups of very poor women, the provision by NGOs of micro-credit and training to help groups establish small, semi-scavenging, egg-laying units, and special training for poultry workers, feed distributors and egg traders. The Bangladesh model has been incorporated into several major, Danida-sponsored development projects. The paper includes a discussion of its impact on poor families, and the policy and institutional implications that have arisen, in particular the role of government support in terms of the provision of veterinary and other services, research and training. The Bangladesh experience is contrasted to that of India where, in some States, the commercial sector has a strong presence. The author recommends that a survey be undertaken in India and Nepal that should examine livestock policies at (selected) State and at central level. The experiences of NGOs that have used poultry as a means of alleviating poverty should be explored and also the degree to which understanding, skills and knowledge exist in organisations responsible for policy, field level implementation, and research and training.
The conformal status of $ω=-3/2$ Brans-Dicke cosmology
Creators: name: Dabrowski, Mariusz P.
name: Denkiewicz, Tomasz
name: Blaschke, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following recent fit of supernovae data to Brans-Dicke theory which favours the model with $ω= - 3/2$ \cite{fabris} we discuss the status of this special case of Brans-Dicke cosmology in both isotropic and anisotropic framework. It emerges that the limit $ω= -3/2$ is consistent only with the vacuum field equations and it makes such a Brans-Dicke theory conformally invariant. Then it is an example of the conformal relativity theory which allows the invariance with respect to conformal transformations of the metric. Besides, Brans-Dicke theory with $ω= -3/2$ gives a border between a standard scalar field model and a ghost/phantom model. In this paper we show that in $ω= -3/2$ Brans-Dicke theory, i.e., in the conformal relativity there are no isotropic Friedmann solutions of non-zero spatial curvature except for $k=-1$ case. Further we show that this $k=-1$ case, after the conformal transformation into the Einstein frame, is just the Milne universe and, as such, it is equivalent to Minkowski spacetime. It generally means that only flat models are fully consistent with the field equations. On the other hand, it is shown explicitly that the anisotropic non-zero spatial curvature models of Kantowski-Sachs type are admissible in $ω= -3/2$ Brans-Dicke theory. It then seems that an additional scale factor which appears in anisotropic models gives an extra deegre of freedom and makes it less restrictive than in an isotropic Friedmann case.
description: REVTEX4, 19 pages, 8 figures, references added
Development and implementation of the Quality Evaluation Metric application to promote continuous process improvement at Phillips, Hager and North
Creators: name: Leung, Derek
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis describes the development and implementation of the Quality Evaluation Metric application (QEM) in the Client Services (CS) Department at Phillips, Hager and North Investment Management, Ltd. The objective of this project is to assist the CS department in improving client satisfaction by reducing the number of errors committed during processing mutual fund transactions. Initially, the only sources of data available regarding how and why errors occur were in paper format, inconsistent and qualitative in nature. The QEM application was developed and implemented to collect data on errors electronically through a web interface. Eleven months of historical data was entered into the QEM application and the results from the data analysis provided valuable insights into the performance of the business processes in the department. Additionally, with the results obtained from the data analysis, periodic quality reports were developed and implemented within the company to promote continuous quality improvement and to evaluate the success of any quality initiative undertaken by the department in the future. The QEM application serves as a channel to periodically monitor the quality of service, to provide valuable insights into the performance of the business processes and to evaluate future quality improvements. All three results are essential in promoting and sustaining continuous improvements.
On Grothendieck Subspaces
Creators: name: Kutateladze, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46 B 42

description: The modulus of an order bounded functional on a Riesz space is the sum of a pair of Riesz homomorphisms if and only if the kernel of this functional is a Grothendieck subspace of the ambient Riesz space. An operator version of this fact is given.
Rotational coherence spectroscopy of molecules in helium nanodroplets: Reconciling the time and the frequency domains
Creators: name: Chatterley, Adam S.
name: Christiansen, Lars
name: Schouder, Constant A.
name: Jørgensen, Anders V.
name: Shepperson, Benjamin
name: Cherepanov, Igor N.
name: Bighin, Giacomo
name: Zillich, Robert E.
name: Lemeshko, Mikhail
name: Stapelfeldt, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alignment of OCS, CS$_2$ and I$_2$ molecules embedded in helium nanodroplets is measured as a function of time following rotational excitation by a non-resonant, comparatively weak ps laser pulse. The distinct peaks in the power spectra, obtained by Fourier analysis, are used to determine the rotational, B, and centrifugal distortion, D, constants. For OCS, B and D match the values known from IR spectroscopy. For CS$_2$ and I$_2$, they are the first experimental results reported. The alignment dynamics calculated from the gas-phase rotational Schrödinger equation, using the experimental in-droplet B and D values, agree in detail with the measurement for all three molecules. The rotational spectroscopy technique for molecules in helium droplets introduced here should apply to a range of molecules and complexes.
description: ASC and LC contributed equally. 7 pages, 3 figures
Authorization of the first COVID-19 emergency vaccines: The matters arising
Creators: name: Adedokun, Kamoru A.
name: Kamorudeen, Ramat T.
name: Bello, Ibrahim O.
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
emergency vaccine
Moderna
Pfizer/BioNTech
mutation
SARS-CoV-2

description: EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc655; ISSN 1611-2156
CRISPR edited Microbes and their Industrial Potential Review
Creators: name: KACHHAWAHA, NEETU
name: Ateesh Jain
name: Akshita Srivastava
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology

description: The CRISPR is Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, these repeated DNA sequences are found in the prokaryotes genome which is used as a tool to detect viral infections. CRISPR associated protein 9 i.e. Cas9 and the CRISPR together are forming the novel platform in the field of biotechnology. Nowadays, industries such as biotech, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, chemical, etc. are using highly engineered industrial strain. They are used in targeting chromosomes, genetic manipulation, sequencing, gene replacement, embryonic stem cell manipulation and many more. The organisms modified by this CRISPR/Cas9 involved a huge diversity of targeting vectors including bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae (cyanobacteria, microalgae). CRISPR/Cas9 is a new generation genome engineering technology widely used in molecular genetics due to its ease, simplicity, efficiency and versatility.
Macroscopic Phase Coherence of Defective Vortex Lattices in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Rodriguez, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superfluid density is calculated theoretically for incompressible vortex lattices in two dimensions that have isolated dislocations quenched in by a random arrangement of pinned vortices. The latter are assumed to be sparse and to be fixed to material defects. It is shown that the pinned vortices act to confine a single dislocation of the vortex lattice along its glide plane. Plastic creep of the two-dimensional vortex lattice is thereby impeded, and macroscopic phase coherence results at low temperature in the limit of a dilute concentration of quenched-in dislocations.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, new title, submitted to Physical Review B
Finally a Case for Collaborative VR?: The Need to Design for Remote Multi-Party Conversations
Creators: name: Bleakley, Anna
name: Wade, Vincent
name: Cowan, Benjamin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Amid current social distancing measures requiring people to work from home, there has been renewed interest on how to effectively converse and collaborate remotely utilizing currently available technologies. On the surface, VR provides a perfect platform for effective remote communication. It can transfer contextual and environmental cues and facilitate a shared perspective while also allowing people to be virtually co-located. Yet we argue that currently VR is not adequately designed for such a communicative purpose. In this paper, we outline three key barriers to using VR for conversational activity : (1) variability of social immersion, (2) unclear user roles, and (3) the need for effective shared visual reference. Based on this outline, key design topics are discussed through a user experience design perspective for considerations in a future collaborative design framework.
Trade, Political Influence and Liberalization: Situating the Poor in the Political Economy of Livestock in Senegal
Creators: name: Gning, Martha C.
name: Gning, Martha C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Political Economy
subject: Senegal
subject: policymaking
subject: livestock
subject: rural development
subject: poverty

description: This paper presents a case study of how livestock policies are made and implemented in a national context, and how they can be improved to better serve the interests of the poor. In Senegal, approximately one-third of all households depend on livestock for some portion of their livelihood, yet, the sector has not received significant state or private investment, nor has it received a significant amount of bi-lateral and international assistance. The study used the key informant method supplemented with official documents, newspaper sources and recently published research on the livestock sector. Interviews helped reveal policymakers' concerns, whereas field trips allowed the researcher to talk to farmers and learn their perspectives from the bottom. Newspapers contained many lively stories of how well-intentioned policies went awry at the implementation stage, while published research analyzed various political, institutional and technical aspects of policymaking in the sector. The author concludes that poor producers in the sector remain relatively unorganised and disadvantaged in the policy-formation process. Macro-economic forces and the distribution of political influence focus state attention on the concerns of large-scale producers and importers of dairy and poultry products rather than on the concerns of poor producers. The unexpected alliance between human rights organizations, some of the most active public pressure groups in Senegal today, and livestock producers during l'affaire du Doli however demonstrates the potential for new issue linkages to strengthen the political position of livestock producers. Strategic entry points are recommended that can both improve the performance of the sector and the participation of the poor in productive activities. With sufficient resources to back up programs and efforts to identify political allies for the cause, it may be possible to make livestock policies better serve the interests of the poor.
Goebbels, Klaus, Christliche Einheit aus der Sicht des Neuen Testaments
Creators: name: Rott, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 14 Nr. 2 (1965): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 14, Heft 2
On the correctness of finite-rank approximations by series of shifted Gaussians
Creators: name: Sitnik, S. M.
name: Timashov, A. S.
name: Ushakov, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11T23, 15A06, 41A05, 41A58

description: In this paper we consider interpolation problem connected with series by integer shifts of Gaussians. Known approaches for these problems met numerical difficulties. Due to it another method is considered based on finite-rank approximations by linear systems. The main result for this approach is to establish correctness of the finite-rank linear system under consideration. And the main result of the paper is to prove correctness of the finite-rank linear system approximation. For that an explicit formula for the main determinant of the linear system is derived to demonstrate that it is non-zero.
description: 12 pages
Judge Holden's war dance : manifest destiny and evil in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian
Creators: name: Newland, Trevor
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: With an indisputably impressive collection of works to his name, Cormac McCarthy has emerged (among critical and commercial literary circles) as one of America's finest authors. Although each of his powerfully written works resonates with rich, disturbing imagery, Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West stands alone, perhaps, as his masterpiece. At the center of this apocalyptic vision of the American West is Judge Holden, enigmatic albino giant, pedophile, philosopher and ruthless murderer, and though McCarthy critics have presented many fascinating and inventive interpretations of the judge, he remains, in many ways, inexplicably baffling. Nevertheless, in this thesis I present yet another analysis of Holden, unique in that it juxtaposes the influence of mid nineteenth century manifest destiny ideology against his disconcerting philosophy of war. I examine, in depth, Holden's desire to control his own fate by shattering (what he perceives to be) the chains of predestiny as well his ambition to "illuminate" Glanton's riders as to their significance as warriors in the history of human conduct. I also investigate the manner in which these ruthless outriders consistently validate Holden's beliefs through their savage butchery and inane ignorance, illustrating the defining factors that separate the typical mercenary scalp hunter from the judge. In order to express these differences convincingly, however, it is necessary that I present my analysis within a relevant historical framework; thus, I begin this thesis with a brief overview of the roots of manifest destiny and the manner in which it captured the American imagination during this period.
The Nature of the Faint Chandra X-ray Sources in the Galactic Centre
Creators: name: Ruiter, A. J.
name: Belczynski, K.
name: Harrison, T. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent Chandra observations have revealed a large population of faint X-ray point sources in the Galactic Centre. The observed population consists of about 2000 faint sources in the luminosity range ~10^31-10^33 erg/s. The majority of these sources (70%) are described by hard spectra, while the rest are rather soft. The nature of these sources still remains unknown. Belczynski & Taam (2004) demonstrated that X-ray binaries with neutron star or black hole accretors may account for most of the soft sources, but are not numerous enough to account for the observed number and X-ray properties of the faint hard sources. A population synthesis calculation of the Galactic Centre region has been carried out. Our results indicate that the numbers and X-ray luminosities of intermediate polars are consistent with the observed faint hard Galactic Centre population.
description: resubmitted to ApJ Letters, changes to text (i.e., Discussion) and References
Dynamical Theory of Generalized Matrices
Creators: name: Kawamura, Yoshiharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a generalization of spin algebra using multi-index objects, and a dynamical system analogous to matrix theory. The system has a solution described by generalized spin representation matrices and possesses a symmetry similar to the volume preserving diffeomorphism in the p-brane action.
description: 25 pages
Uniformly Accelerated Charge in a Quantum Field: From Radiation Reaction to Unruh Effect
Creators: name: Johnson, Philip R.
name: Hu, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a stochastic theory for the nonequilibrium dynamics of charges moving in a quantum scalar field based on the worldline influence functional and the close-time-path (CTP or in-in) coarse-grained effective action method. We summarize (1) the steps leading to a derivation of a modified Abraham-Lorentz-Dirac equation whose solutions describe a causal semiclassical theory free of runaway solutions and without pre-acceleration patholigies, and (2) the transformation to a stochastic effective action which generates Abraham-Lorentz-Dirac-Langevin equations depicting the fluctuations of a particle's worldline around its semiclassical trajectory. We point out the misconceptions in trying to directly relate radiation reaction to vacuum fluctuations, and discuss how, in the framework that we have developed, an array of phenomena, from classical radiation and radiation reaction to the Unruh effect, are interrelated to each other as manifestations at the classical, stochastic and quantum levels. Using this method we give a derivation of the Unruh effect for the spacetime worldline coordinates of an accelerating charge. Our stochastic particle-field model, which was inspired by earlier work in cosmological backreaction, can be used as an analog to the black hole backreaction problem describing the stochastic dynamics of a black hole event horizon.
description: Invited talk given by BLH at the International Assembly on Relativistic Dynamics (IARD), June 2004, Saas Fee, Switzerland. 19 pages, 1 figure
The Politics of Livestock Sector Policy and the Rural Poor in Peru
Creators: name: Fairfield, Tasha
name: Fairfield, Tasha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Political Economy

description: This working paper explores public policies that would advance pro-poor development in the livestock sector, with special attention to organized actors, their interests, and the political feasibility of state initiatives. It focuses on two sub-sectors that involve large numbers of small producers: the dairy sector and the alpaca sector. Emphasis is placed on the latter, since there is a greater potential role for Peru's weak, neo-liberal state in promoting pro-poor development in the alpaca sector. The paper's main findings are that: i) key public agencies of importance for the livestock sector suffer from politically motivated turnover of functionaries, the absence of a professionalized, meritocratic bureaucracy, insufficient funding, lack of coordination, and a limited capacity to act as regulatory and coordinating agents, ii) there are few organized actors at the national level capable of advancing the interests of small producers, and iii) decentralization initiated in 2002 has created new institutional spaces for participation by the poor in politics and resource allocation, while, in practice however, numerous obstacles hinder participation and limit the overall effectiveness of these institutions. The author recommends several specific public policies that could promote pro-poor development: i) protection of the dairy sector from subsidized US dairy products in trade agreements, ii) direct marketing of alpaca fiber from producers to the industries, and iii)national standards for quality grading of alpaca fiber. The paper also identifies a number of more general strategic entry points for improving opportunities for small producers to benefit from expansion in the livestock sector: i) support to small producers associations, ii) assistance for small fiber-processing industries, iii) institutionalization and professionalization of state agencies, iv) increased funding of livestock sector agencies, v) coordination among and between donor projects and state agencies and, vi) support for decentralization.
A semi-analytical model for the scale-dependent friction of nanosized asperity
Creators: name: Wang, Jian
name: Yuan, Weike
name: Bian, Jianjun
name: Wang, Gangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The friction of a nanosized sphere in commensurate contact with a flat substrate is investigated by performing molecular dynamics simulations. Particular focus is on the distribution of shear stress within the contact region. It is noticed that within the slip zone, the local friction coefficient defined by the ratio of shear stress to normal pressure declines monotonically as the distance to contact center increases. With the lateral force increasing, the slip zone expands inwards from the contact edge. At the same time, the local friction coefficient at the contact edge decreases continuously, while at the dividing between the slip and stick zones keeps nearly invariant. These characteristics are distinctly different from the prediction of the conventional Cattaneo-Mindlin model assuming a constant local friction coefficient within the slip zone. An analytical model is advanced in view of such new features and generalized based on numerous atomic simulations. This model not only accurately characterizes the interfacial shear stress, but also explains the size-dependence of static friction of single nanosized asperity.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
Universal Distribution of Kondo Temperatures in Dirty Metals
Creators: name: Cornaglia, P. S.
name: Grempel, D. R.
name: Balseiro, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kondo screening of diluted magnetic impurities in a disordered host is studied analytically and numerically in one, two and three dimensions. It is shown that in the T_K \to 0 limit the distribution of Kondo temperatures has a universal form, P(T_K) \sim T_K^{-α} that holds in the insulating phase and persists in the metallic phase close to the metal insulator transition. Moreover, the exponent αdepends only on the dimensionality. The most important consequence of this result is that the T-dependence of thermodynamic properties is smooth across the metal-insulator transition in three dimensional systems.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; added reference
Asymptotic and exact series representations for the incomplete Gamma function
Creators: name: Amore, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a variational approach, two new series representations for the incomplete Gamma function are derived: the first is an asymptotic series, which contains and improves over the standard asymptotic expansion; the second is a uniformly convergent series, completely analytical, which can be used to obtain arbitrarily accurate estimates of $Γ(a,x)$ for any value of $a$ or $x$. Applications of these formulas are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Funding Animal Healthcare Systems: Mechanisms and Options
Creators: name: Riviere-Cinnamond, Ana
name: Riviere-Cinnamond, Ana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Funding mechanisms
subject: taxes
subject: animal health services
subject: public finance
subject: hypothecation
subject: insurance
subject: decentralisation

description: Consumer-driven demand for meat and dairy products is driving an increase in livestock production and demand for improved animal healthcare services. These must be effective, affordable and accessible to ensure a profitable livestock sector. Especially important are the needs of poor livestock keepers who may have no other means of livelihood and who, following privatisation, may have become excluded from animal healthcare services. Animal healthcare has far-reaching implications. Increased livestock production brings risks to public health from greater animal-human contact and zoonotic diseases. There are potential environmental hazards as well as issues of food safety and the need to ensure trade standards are met. But effective, comprehensive animal healthcare services are expensive. At a time when demand is increasing but government budgets for veterinary services are declining, how could such services be funded? The purpose of this Working Paper is to study a wide range of funding mechanisms in both developed and developing countries. The author discusses the process of collecting revenue from sources ranging from individual households to foreign governments through, for example, direct and indirect taxation, fees and user charges, compulsory or private insurance contributions, levies, and international loans or grants. Mechanisms for pooling funds, distributing them and providing services are also described in some detail. Useful comparisons are made with the funding and provision of human healthcare services. Animal healthcare services are usually funded from a mix of sources and some sources will be more directly linked to effective and fair service provision than others. Many practical examples of funding mechanisms are given, and their impact on service provision is described. The author emphasises the need for transparency in revenue collection and service provision and suggests that further research would help to provide the basis for improvement. Above all, the needs of different users for animal health services should be assessed so that funds collected are appropriately and accurately allocated.
Interface evolution in phase transformation ruled by nucleation and growth
Creators: name: Tomellini, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical model for the evolution of the boundary of the new phase in transformations ruled by nucleation and growth is presented. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation have been considered: The former includes transformations in 2D and 3D space and the latter nucleation and growth on flat solid substrate. The theory is formulated for the general case of spatially correlated nuclei, arbitrary nucleation rate and power growth law of nuclei. In the case of heterogeneous nucleation, spheroidal nuclei have been assumed and the dependence of the kinetics on contact angle investigated. The validity of the present approach is deemed through comparison with experimental data from literature which also comprise oxide growth by ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) metal electrodeposition at solid substrate and alloy recrystallization.
description: 28 pages ; 13 figures
Geometrical effects on the optical properties of quantum dots doped with a single magnetic atom
Creators: name: Leger, Y.
name: Besombes, L.
name: Maingault, L.
name: Ferrand, D.
name: Mariette, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emission spectra of individual self-assembled quantum dots containing a single magnetic Mn atom differ strongly from dot to dot. The differences are explained by the influence of the system geometry, specifically the in-plane asymmetry of the quantum dot and the position of the Mn atom. Depending on both these parameters, one has different characteristic emission features which either reveal or hide the spin state of the magnetic atom. The observed behavior in both zero field and under magnetic field can be explained quantitatively by the interplay between the exciton-manganese exchange interaction (dependent on the Mn position) and the anisotropic part of the electron-hole exchange interaction (related to the asymmetry of the quantum dot).
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
The Economics of Milk Production in Hanoi, Viet Nam, with Particular Emphasis on Small-scale Producers
Creators: name: Garcia, Otto
name: Hemme, Torsten
name: Nho, Luong Tat
name: Tra, Hoang Thi Huong
name: Garcia, Otto
name: Hemme, Torsten
name: Nho, Luong Tat
name: Tra, Hoang Thi Huong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The main purpose of this study was to gain insight into the household and farm economics of small-scale dairy farmers in Hanoi, and to obtain estimates of their costs per unit of output in milk production so as to gauge their potential for improvement and vulnerability to international competition. Costs of production are assessed using market prices and 'social' prices using a policy analysis matrix (PAM) approach. The study applies a method of economic analysis developed by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) which is based on the concept of 'typical farms'. Three farm types were selected to represent typical farms in the region of Hanoi, Viet Nam. The farms were located in two villages near Hanoi (10 to 15 km away), benefiting from good market access. The farms kept two, four and five crossbred dairy cows and practiced stall-feeding. Each farm was analyzed in detail and assets, production costs, profits and other economic information are presented graphically and are described in the text. A policy analysis using the PAM methodology is carried out for each of the typical farms. Furthermore, a preliminary analysis of the dairy chain in Hanoi was conducted. Applying market prices, cost of milk production varies from 11.5 to 17.0 US$ per 100 kg energy corrected milk. The farm with four dairy cows has the lowest costs (11.5 US$), which is mainly due to lower labour costs for family labour and lower costs for means of production. A set of PAM ratios shows that farm outputs are supported and inputs are taxed by 21.5 and 20.0 percent respectively. The net result is that all farms benefit significantly from current policies and market conditions and about 24 percent of the private returns of the farms come from external support. Public support for the farms ranges from 6.0 US$/100 kg milk for the smallest to 9.5 US$/100 kg milk to the largest farm. The high level of support clearly indicates a high degree of imperfection in the Vietnamese dairy market. Consequently, there should be potential for increasing productivity and competitiveness through policy measures.
Morphological and molecular reassessment of three species of Besa (Phyllophoraceae, Rhodophyta) from the North-west Pacific
Creators: name: Shibneva, Svetlana Y.
name: Skriptsova, Anna V.
name: Semenchenko, Alexander A.
name: Suzuki, Masahiro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: We investigated species referred to as ‘Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis’ from the Far Eastern seas of Russia as well as Besa catenata (Yendo) M.S.Calderon & S.M.Boo from Mie Prefecture (Shima Peninsula, Japan, near to its type locality) morphologically and by analysis of sequences of plastid rbcL and mitochondrial COI-5P genes. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis does not occur in the Far Eastern seas. All algae previously identified as ‘A. flabelliformis’ from Russian waters belong to two morphologically and genetically distinct species that should be referred to the genus Besa as B. divaricata (Holmes) M.S.Calderon & S.M.Boo and B. japonica (Suringar) A.V. Skriptsova & S.Y.Shibneva, comb. nov. We found an unattached form of B. divaricata and named it as B. divaricata f. ahnfeltioides A.V.Skriptsova & S.Y.Shibneva based on its morphological and ecological features.
Metallic atomic wires on a patterned dihydrogeneted Si(001)
Creators: name: Gupta, Bikash C
name: Batra, Inder P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic structure calculations for atomic wire of metals like Al, Ga and In are performed for a patterned dihydrogeneted Si(001):1 $\times$ 1 in search of structures with metallic behavior. The dihydrogeneted Si(001) is patterned by depassivating hygrozen atoms only from one row of Si atoms along the [1$\bar{1}$0] direction. Various structures of adsorbed metals and their electronic properties are examined. It is found that Al and Ga atomic wire structures with metallic property are strongly unstable towards the formation of buckled metal dimers leading to semiconducting behavior. Indium atomic wire, however, displays only marginal preference towards the formation of symmetric dimers staying close to the metallic limit. The reasons behind the lack of metallic atomic wires are explored. In addition, a direction is proposed for the realization of metallic wires on the dihydrogeneted Si(001).
description: Six pages including 10 figues (To appear in PRB, 2005)
Determination of Deuteron Beam Polarizations at COSY
Creators: name: Chiladze, D.
name: Kacharava, A.
name: Rathmann, F.
name: Wilkin, C.
name: Barsov, S.
name: Carbonell, J.
name: Dymov, S.
name: Engels, R.
name: Eversheim, P. D.
name: Gebel, R.
name: Glagolev, V.
name: Grigoriev, K.
name: Gusev, D.
name: Hartmann, M.
name: Hinterberger, F.
name: Hejny, V.
name: Khoukaz, A.
name: Keshelashvili, I.
name: Koch, H. R.
name: Komarov, V.
name: Kulessa, P.
name: Kulikov, A.
name: Lehrach, A.
name: Lorentz, B.
name: Macharashvili, G.
name: Maier, R.
name: Maeda, Y.
name: Menke, R.
name: Mersmann, T.
name: Merzliakov, S.
name: Mikirtytchiants, M.
name: Mikirtytchiants, S.
name: Mussgiller, A.
name: Nioradze, M.
name: Ohm, H.
name: Prasuhn, D.
name: Rohdjess, H.
name: Schleichert, R.
name: Seyfarth, H.
name: Steffens, E.
name: Stein, H. J.
name: Stroeher, H.
name: Trusov, S.
name: Ulbrich, K.
name: Uzikov, Yu.
name: Wronska, A.
name: Yaschenko, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vector and tensor polarizations of a deuteron beam have been measured using elastic deuteron-carbon scattering at 75.6 MeV and deuteron-proton scattering at 270 MeV. After acceleration to 1170 MeV inside the COSY ring, the polarizations of the deuterons were checked by studying a variety of nuclear reactions using a cluster target at the ANKE magnet spectrometer placed at an internal target position of the storage ring. All these measurements were consistent with the absence of depolarization during acceleration and provide a number of secondary standards that can be used in subsequent experiments at the facility.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures