: EFFECT OF SMART GLOVE AND SMART BOARD TRAINING IN PERSON WITH STROKE FOR IMPROVING THE UPPER EXTREMITY FUNCTION AND ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING.
Creators: name: Bose, Dr.Meruna
name: ANJUM, SHAISTA
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Stroke or CVA (cerebrovascular accident) is the second leading causes of death and disabilities worldwide and has reached epidemic proportions. According to the world stroke organization, 1 in 4 adults over the age of 25 would have a stroke in their lifetime. 12.2 million people worldwide would have had their first stroke in the year 2022 and 6.5 million would die as a result. Over 110 million people in the world have experienced stroke. It has increased by over 50% over last 17 years causing 102% prevalence in stroke and 143% increase in disability adjusted life years (DALY). According to the Global stroke fact sheet 2022, women are more prone to stroke than men. A comprehensive data on the MENA region between the years 1990 and 2019 suggests that there has been a decrease in the burden of stroke in this region stating that it was highest in the age group of 60- 64 and more common in women. There has been no specific statistical data/ report for United Arab Emirates.(1) One of the most common complication seen after stroke is the upper extremity dysfunction. The widespread presence of the upper limb dysfunction in the acute phase (2–5) and 40–50% in chronic phase and was reported to be up to 80% in stroke survivors. Due to this, it causes disability and decreased quality of life as the function of upper extremity is the most critical for activities of daily living (ADLs). Thus, rehabilitating and restoring all the functions of the upper-extremity is an important goal. Conventional therapy (physical therapy) has been a key treatment in improving the functions of the upper-limb after stroke.Nevertheless, the methods and the quality of treatment differs and depends on the therapist which includes intensive exertion during each treatment. It is difficult to provide adequate repetitions or proper amount of intensity during the conventional therapy to promote functional improvement. There have been various methods or interventions for the rehabilitation of the upper limbs to overcome the restrictions in conventional therapy to promote or facilitate an easy and fast recovery especially in the hand function after stroke. Using training programs such as constraint-induced movement therapy and task-specific programs have shown evidence for enhancing the motor recovery of upper-limb (6). Usually a highly repetitive, task-specific training helps to minimize impairment. It is not easy to provide high-repetition task-specific training for all patients sufficiently. It is quite possible that some stroke survivors may not show any recovery of upper-limb function despite using various rehabilitation efforts at 6 months after stroke. (7)Using robotic devices or robot-assisted training helps us to achieve highly repetitive and task-specific training with less labor-intensive. Smart glove, a hand exoskeleton was produced with high expectations for improving dexterity and ADLs. It comes with bending sensors to monitor individual finger movements and built-in inertial measurement unit sensors for recording the wrist and hand motions. These devices use virtual reality to help to improve the motor control and functions and thus in turn help in rehabilitation. It provides intensive and repetitive training for the participants without much assistance of therapists. The smart board in this study uses virtual reality with the mobile arm support helping to improve the coordination and range of motion of the shoulder and elbow joints. Because of the use of visual reality and visual feedback with easy repetitive and task specific games, the rehabilitation makes it fun and not monotonous. It promotes muscle control and functional reach all through the upper extremity. The software in smart glove and smart board provides tailored training and exercises to the patient’s condition.(2)As a result, patients are provided personalized repetitive task-specific training to enhance functional neuroplasticity while they enjoy the game. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of smart glove and smart board training for the rehabilitation of the upper-extremity in persons with subacute / chronic stroke by correlating it with the conventional therapy exercises.