cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gender Representation in the Media : A Critical Analysis of the Construction of Female Sexuality in Men's Pornographic and Non-Pornographic Magazines
Creators: name: Tognela, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2011
Subjects: Pornography
Gender Representation
Female Sexuality
Men's Magazines
Radical feminism

description: This thesis applies the radical feminist perspective set out by MacKinnon (1993) and Dworkin (1995), to analyze the construction of female sexuality within popular Canadian men’s pornographic magazines and non-pornographic magazines. A mixed methods approach was used to analyze the images and text within the feature articles of the selected magazines. Results revealed that women continue to be constructed as sexual objects within both categories of magazines, but the earlier link identified by MacKinnon and Dworkin between violence and sexuality was on longer apparent. Instead, women were a sexual puzzle that the magazines attempted to unpack. Rather than a strict dichotomy between pornographic and non-pornographic magazines, a continuum of grey emerged whereby the level of explicitness between the two magazines increased as the continuum progressed from left to right, thereby demonstrating the pornographication of mainstream media, as per McNair (2002).
Mapping Landscape Potential for Supporting Green Infrastructure: The Case of a Watershed in Turkey
Creators: name: Gülçin, Derya
name: Yılmaz, Kemal Tuluhan
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2020

description: Green infrastructure (GI) is a strategic planning approach that can contribute to solutions for ecological, social, and environmental problems. GI also aims to conserve natural and semi-natural landscapes and enhance ecological networks. Within the scope of spatial planning, urban and rural landscape units can be integrated through GI planning. In this study, we propose a method to calculate the landscape potential and map GI in the lower Büyük Menderes River Basin, Turkey. We used landscape character assessment (LCA) to identify the landscape typology, which was one of the key steps for determining the landscape potential. Three thematic maps were produced and overlaid in ArcMap 10.7. A map showing the spatial distributions of 71 landscape types was created by means of LCA. Then, the landscape types were assessed according to defined criteria, and finally, GI of the study area was mapped. This study found that high-quality landscape types were located in the middle, northern, and eastern parts of the lower Büyük Menderes River Basin, rather than in the protected areas. Moreover, 68 of the 71 landscape types were present in the GI map. The findings show the necessity of including the landscape potential concept in conservation strategies. Thus, this paper provides a reference guideline for mapping GI as a contributor to nature conservation and spatial planning strategies.
Light emitting diodes as a rapid visual display for use in psychological experiments
Creators: name: Thurgood, Clementine
name: Whitfield, Allan
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: In this paper we show how light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used in conjunction with existing display technologies as a means for achieving ultra-rapid visual stimulus exposure durations. We review existing rapid visual display methods, and show how our apparatus overcomes the limitations inherent with each technique. Our apparatus, the LED tachistoscope, takes advantage of the fast-switching times and high-brightness capabilities of LEDs in order to present stimuli at previously unachievable durations as rapid as 1 ms. The rapid exposure durations are achieved by external LED backlight illumination of images on a liquid crystal display (LCD) after the components of the LCD have stabilized. This ensures that stimulus onset and offset are discrete. Furthermore, the fast-switching of the LEDs enables stimuli to be revealed for very rapid durations. The paper also describes studies in which the LED tachistoscope has already been applied, and offers suggestions for other possible applications. Interestingly, in our studies we show that the human visual system is very adept at extracting information with only very minimal stimulus exposure durations. Such studies have not been possible with existing display equipment. The LED tachistoscope opens up avenues for a variety of psychological and physiological experiments and provides a means for revealing the limits of human visual perception.
Design and applications of active and latent thioglycosyl donors toward the synthesis of the disaccharide repeating unit of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 4 CPS.
Creators: name: Grand-Maître, Chantal.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Chemistry, Biochemistry.

description: Chapter 1 describes, in a schematic manner, various approaches to the synthesis of the repeating disaccharide unit of H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 4 capsular polysaccharide. Chapter 2 describes an indirect use of thioglycosides, by conversion into glycosyl halides, and their direct use with promoters such as dimethyl (methylthio) sulfonium triflate (DMTST) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). Chapter 3 describes the development of the concept of active and latent thioglycosyl donors which combines the features of armed and disarmed glycosyl donors is presented. Reactivation of latent donor para-nitrophenyl thioglycoside is also proposed. In Chapter 4, we describe the synthesis of a complex series of thioglycosides under PTC conditions. During this approach we discovered that the use of the lipophilic PTC catalyst tretrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHS) (1 eq.) and ethyl acetate as solvent greatly improve the reaction rates. Chapter 5 presents our approaches to the stereospecific syntheses of 1,2-trans-aryl-1-thio-$\beta$-D-glycobiosides, active and latent tioglycosyl donors, as well as 1,2-trans-$\beta$-D-glycosyl phosphates by PTC. Chapter 6 describes our approaches to the synthesis of the repeating disaccharide unit of H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 4 (CPS) via thioglycosyl donors using different thiophilic promoters such as NBS, DMTST and N-iodosuccinimide (NIS)/trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Regulation of cIAP1 mRNA Stability Through Its 3’ UTR by the RNA-Binding Protein HuR
Creators: name: Liu, Peng
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2013
Subjects: RNA
cIAP1
HuR
AU-rich element
stability

description: The RNA-binding protein HuR is involved in numerous aspects of the RNA life-cycle. It is known for its ability to stabilize AU-Rich Element (ARE)-containing transcripts in the cytoplasm. The transcript of cIAP1, an important protein involved both in the regulation of apoptosis and NF-κB signaling, contains four such AREs, raising the question of whether HuR can modulate the stability of cIAP1 mRNA. First, using C2C12 cells, we observed a positive correlation between cIAP1 mRNA levels and HuR cytoplasmic localization. We then show that knockdown of HuR in U2OS cells results in a decrease in steady-state cIAP1 mRNA levels through destabilization of the cIAP1 mRNA. Furthermore, we are able to show in vitro that HuR binds directly to the second of the four AREs in the 3’ UTR. The direct link between the binding of HuR to the second ARE and its effect on cIAP1 mRNA stability remains to be shown.
The Function and Regulation of PDCD4 - A Novel Inhibitor of Selective Translation Initiation
Creators: name: Liwak-Muir, Urszula
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2014
Subjects: PDCD4
Glioblastoma multiforme
XIAP
translation initiation
Bcl-xL

description: Internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation is critical for the cell’s ability to respond to stress. Understanding how RNA binding proteins (IRES trans-acting factors; ITAFs) regulate IRESes is crucial to elucidating the mechanism of alternative translation initiation. Furthermore, determining how these ITAFs are regulated is central to understanding their functions in diseased states. I have identified the tumour suppressor programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) as a novel ITAF of the XIAP and Bcl-xL IRES elements. I demonstrate that under normal conditions, PDCD4 acts to inhibit translation from these IRES elements by preventing formation of the 48S translation initiation complex. Furthermore, I show that in response to treatment with the pro-survival fibroblast growthfactor-2 (FGF-2), S6 kinase 2 (S6K2) phosphorylates PDCD4 leading to its degradation and the subsequent de-repression of XIAP and Bcl-xL translation. Importantly, I demonstrate the clinical significance of this regulation in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumours where the loss of PDCD4 expression correlates with an increase in Bcl-xL protein and poor patient outcome. Additionally, re-expression of PDCD4 down-regulates Bcl-xL and decreases cell viability, and direct inhibition of Bcl-xL by a small molecule antagonist ABT-737 sensitizes GBM cells to the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin. Finally, I demonstrate that PDCD4 can be regulated at multiple levels. Importantly, I identify the RNA binding protein HuR as a regulator of microRNA (miR) -21 induced silencing of PDCD4. I show that HuR can bind the PDCD4 3'UTR and prevent miR-21 binding, and that a loss of PDCD4 expression following H2O2 treatment is mediated via miR-21. These results provide novel insight into the role of PDCD4 as a tumour suppressor and highlight the importance of ITAFs in cancer progression.
Text Detection and Recognition in the Automotive Context
Creators: name: Khiari, El Hebri
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2015
Subjects: Text detection and recognition
Automotive context
Image processing
Computer vision

description: This thesis achieved the goal of obtaining high accuracy rates (precision and recall) in a real-time system that detects and recognizes text in the automotive context. For the sake of simplicity, this work targets two Objects of Interest (OOIs): North American (NA) traffic boards (TBs) and license plates (LPs). The proposed approach adopts a hybrid detection module consisting of a Connected Component Analysis (CCA) step followed by a Texture Analysis (TA) step. An initial set of candidates is extracted by highlighting the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs). Each sebsequent step in the CCA and TA steps attempts to reduce the size of the set by filtering out false positives and retaining the true positives. The final set of candidates is fed into a recognition stage that integrates an open source Optical Character Reader (OCR) into the framework by using two additional steps that serve the purpose of minimizing false readings as well as the incurred delays. A set of of manually taken videos from various regions of Ottawa were used to evaluate the performance of the system, using precision, recall and latency as metrics. The high precision and recall values reflect the proposed approach's ability in removing false positives and retaining the true positives, respectively, while the low latency values deem it suitable for the automotive context. Moreover, the ability to detect two OOIs of varying appearances demonstrates the flexibility that is featured by the hybrid detection module.
A Comprehensive Review On: A Vitiligo and Its Cure from Nature
Creators: name: Patil HR*
name: Jain AS
name: Patil DR
name: Shaikh AZ
name: Shaikh SR
name: Dr. Pawar SP
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

Vitiligo is a long lasting skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. The patches of skin affected become white and typically have sharp margins. The hair from the skin might also become white. The inside of the nose and mouth might also be concerned. The rate of colour loss from skin condition is unpredictable. Vitiligo happens when the cells that produce melanin stop or die functioning. Vitiligo affects the individual of all skin sorts; butit may be more noticeable in people with darker skin. Risk factors include a family history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases. In this review we focus on how plant based herbal products help in curing vitiligo.

Keywords: Vitiligo, Melanocyte, Repigmentation, Herbs, Herbal Medicine, Remedies, Treatments.
Daily Climate Change Data Generation and Dissemination
Creators: name: Metaferia, Gohe Amhayesus
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2015
Subjects: Climate Change
Impact Assessment
Daily Climate Data
Web Portal
Downscaling
Quantile-Quantile method

description: The worldwide challenges to achieve cost effective protection against global warming impacts and to acquire reliable decision making tools continually force new developments in the area of climate change research. Climate change impacts projections involve several steps: emission scenarios generation, Global Circulation Models and Regional Climate Models (GCM/RCM) runs, downscaling, impact model running, analysis of results and decision making. Unfortunately, GCM/RCMs outputs are often biased and need to be processed before being fed into impact models. This thesis describes the effort carried out to alleviate the burden of downscaling coarse hydro-climatology data outputs from GCM/RCM and making results readily available for climate change impact analysis for specific regions, particularly in the African continent. GCM/RCM outputs are highly unreliable at the sub-grid scale to be used for region specific impact analysis (Wilby, Hay, & Leavesly, 1999). Furthermore, raw GCM/RCM outputs are often downscaled under the premises that the latter offer very coarse spatial resolution. The Internet is a common resource for users of climate change data to access relevant information. Web-based interfaces offer users the capability to retrieve such data. This thesis involves the development of a new web-portal, which addresses the demand for climate change data at the daily scale. It is a user-friendly interactive web-based interface with multiple functionalities including: capacity to process information, capacity to search, sort, retrieve and filter data and download features. Six climate variables are considered in this project: precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation. The aforementioned climate variables have been downscaled to specific geographical locations and results have been made available at a fine temporal resolution – the daily scale. The data portal currently hosts climate change data for nine stations in western Africa: Agadez, Brini N’Konni, Gaya, Maine Soroa, Maradi Airport, Niamey Airport, Tahoua, Tillabery and Zinder Airport. The above mentioned climate stations are all located in Niger. Nonetheless, the project aims to expand and cover further ground in Africa. Quantile - Quantile downscaling, also known as Quantile-Quantile mapping, matching or transformation is a statistical procedure used in this project to downscale raw GCM/RCM outputs. GCM/RCM outputs from the AMMA-Ensemble sets under the SRES A1B scenario were used as raw data.
FAIR Computational Workflows
Creators: name: COHEN-BOULAKIA, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Computational workflows describe the complex multi-step methods that are used for data collection, data preparation, analytics, predictive modelling, and simulation that lead to new data products. They can inherently contribute to the FAIR data principles: by processing data according to established metadata; by creating metadata themselves during the processing of data; and by tracking and recording data provenance. These properties aid data quality assessment and contribute to secondary data usage. Moreover, workflows are digital objects in their own right. This is a presentation of the paper FAIR Computational Workflows, published in Data Intelligence. The paper argues that FAIR principles for workflows need to address their specific nature in terms of their composition of executable software steps, their provenance, and their development. Presented at ECCB 2020 Workshop on FAIR Computational Workflows.
A secure electronic voting software application based on image steganography and cryptography
Creators: name: Rura, Lauretha
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Various electronic voting systems have been introduced as substitutes for traditional voting systems as electronic voting systems reduces the manual labor in collection, checking, transportation and counting of votes. However, with the growth of information technology, electronic voting systems are susceptible to malicious attacks (or threats) which undermine the integrity of the voting process. Simple encryption methods are not sufficient to protect the secrecy of election data. Encrypted data can cause suspicion, making it subject to malicious attacks. This research implements a novel approach by combining cryptography schemes with image steganography techniques. Besides improving security, steganography makes the data transmission over the network during the election become less suspicious too. After looking into the requirements of an electronic voting system, current electronic voting schemes available in published literature are examined. Next, the cryptographic and steganography techniques best suited for the requirements of our voting system are chosen and the software was implemented. They are namely Password Hashed-based Scheme, Visual Cryptography, F5 Image Steganography and Threshold Decryption Cryptosystem. Besides improving security, the research also aims to improve the quality of the voting process through user friendly interface design, reduction or elimination of additional hardware such as printers and scanners, improving the speed of the election process and end to end voter verifiability that includes a vote receipt. The last of these would increase the voter’s confidence in electronic voting.The electronic voting system developed is based on Web-based Java EE Technology and MySQL database using the Iterative Waterfall model as the Software Development Life Cycle approach. Java EE was chosen to develop the software because of its wide range of Application Programming Interface (API) that enhanced the software development by automating many of the business and security processes of implementation. A simple quantitative analysis has been also done for data analysis after software implementation by conducting usability testing. Here, the voter’s response and opinions of the system as a whole were observed. The studies, experiments and analysis done in this research resulted in an enhanced version of remote E2E system that provides a reliable and secure system with more flexibility and better performance compared to some reported E2E Voting Systems. Though implemented as a working prototype, the system can be implemented to support small to medium scale elections.
The Influence of Osmoreceptors and Baroreceptors on Heat Loss Responses during a Whole-body Passive Heat Stress
Creators: name: Lynn, Aaron
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2011
Subjects: Dehydration
Thermoregulation
Sweating
Skin blood flow
Hyperosmolality

description: Exercise and/or heat-induced dehydration is associated with decreases in plasma volume (hypovolemia) and increases in plasma osmolality (hyperosmolality), which are thought to stimulate peripheral baroreceptors and central osmoreceptors respectively. Independently, plasma hyperosmolality and baroreceptor unloading have been shown to attenuate sweating and cutaneous vasodilation during heat stress, and therefore, negatively impact body temperature regulation. However, to date little is known regarding the combined influence of plasma hyperosmolality and baroreceptor unloading on thermoefferent activity. Therefore, we evaluated the separate and combined effects of baroreceptor unloading (via lower body negative pressure, LBNP) and plasma hyperosmolality (via infusion of 3% NaCl saline) on heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) during progressive whole-body heating. We show that the combined nonthermal influences of plasma hyperosmolality and baroreceptor unloading additively delay the onset threshold for CVC, relative to their independent effects. In contrast, baroreceptor unloading has no influence on the sweating response regardless of osmotic state. These divergent roles of plasma hyperosmolality and the baroreflex on heat loss responses might serve to enhance blood pressure and body core temperature regulation during dehydration and heat stress.
Design, Engineering and Discovery of Novel α-Helical and β-Boomerang Antimicrobial Peptides against Drug Resistant Bacteria
Creators: name: Bhattacharjya, Surajit
name: Straus, Suzana
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2020

description: In an era where the pipeline of new antibiotic development is drying up, the continuous rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria are genuine threats to human health. Although antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may serve as promising leads against drug resistant bacteria, only a few AMPs are in advanced clinical trials. The limitations of AMPs, namely their low in vivo activity, toxicity, and poor bioavailability, need to be addressed. Here, we review engineering of frog derived short α-helical AMPs (aurein, temporins) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding designed β-boomerang AMPs for further development. The discovery of novel cell selective AMPs from the human proprotein convertase furin is also discussed.
Science Platforms for Heliophysics Data Analysis
Creators: name: Bobra, Monica G.
name: Barnes, Will T.
name: Cheung, Mark C. M.
name: Hayes, Laura A.
name: Ireland, Jack
name: Janvier, Miho
name: Kirk, Michael S. F.
name: Mason, James P.
name: Mumford, Stuart J.
name: Wright, Paul J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: science platforms
heliophysics

description: This white paper details our recommendation that NASA maintain and fund science platforms that enable interactive and scalable data analysis in order to maximize the scientific return of data collected from space-based instruments.
Photonic Integrated Circuits Challenges & Solutions: Homogenization, Polarization Management and Coupling
Creators: name: Samadian, Parya
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2015
Subjects: Photonic Integrated Circuits
Polarization Management
Coupling
Homogenization

description: In recent years much effort has been carried out to make integrated photonics a widespread technology to be exploited in current optical communication industry. It is hoped by substituting microelectronics by photonic chips and keeping the light carried by optical fibers in light domain for further processing, the cost and speed of communications will be vastly improved. Although this transition is challenging in various aspects, here in this thesis some of these issues are discussed and addressed. In this thesis firstly the limitations of current simulation tools for analysis of wide range of photonic devices is pointed out. Structures based on photonic crystals are taken into consideration at this point which because of finely detailed structures have shown to be challenging to be analyzed by conventional tools. In this regard three different common structures based on photonic crystals in both resonant and non-resonant regimes have been considered: lamellar gratings, metamaterials for Lüneburg lens and Bragg gratings in a LC-DFB laser. For each structure, an analytical method or homogenization approach is proposed which is claimed to be faster for analysis of such components than numerical methods. Comparisons of the results with conventional numerical methods prove accuracies of each approach. Furthermore, fiber-to-chip coupling and polarization management are discussed as other important issues in the field of integrated photonics. Concerning polarization management, stepped waveguide approach will be introduced as the most promising approach for SOI and III-V substrates and designs based on this structure reported in literature are reproduced and inaccuracies are pointed out and corrected accordingly. Also regarding fiber-to-chip coupling, a critical appraisal of the most recent proposed structures for edge coupling will be offered and the results will be reproduced by simulation tools. At the end, based on detailed comparisons, the most encouraging approach with low insertion loss and easy fabrication steps is introduced and novel platform for easy butt coupling single mode fibers to the coupler structure is proposed.
Measurements of Flow Through a Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve in an Anatomically Accurate Model of the Aorta
Creators: name: Haya, Laura Kilford
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2015
Subjects: heart valve
aorta
fluid mechanics
BMHV
particle image velocimetry
turbulence

description: The objective of this research is to experimentally investigate the flow characteristics past a bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) in an anatomical model of the aorta. The measurements were made within a mock circulation loop that produced physiological pressure and flow conditions of the aorta. The velocity was measured upstream and downstream of the valve at single points using laser Doppler velocimetry and on planes using planar particle image velocimetry. Viscous and turbulent stresses were evaluated as indicators of potential blood damage. Measurements were first made with a BMHV mounted at the inlet of an axisymmetric channel, which was similar in geometry to channels previously used, and then with the BMHV mounted at the inlet of an anatomical model of the aorta. By comparing these results, the effects of the anatomical shape of the aorta on the flow past the valve were determined. It was found that the level of turbulence past the valve was significantly greater in the axisymmetric model and that the shape of the anatomical aortic sinus, in particular, was effective in reducing turbulence. Additionally, measurements with the valve mounted in three orientations at the inlet of the anatomical aorta showed that the turbulence and the viscous stresses past the valve were lower when the valve was positioned such that its line of symmetry was parallel with the plane of aorta curvature than when it was normal to it. It was further found that flow in the right coronary artery was highest when the valve was positioned with its central orifice aligned with the opening to this artery. The results of this research may be used to assist surgeons in choosing the best implantation orientation of a BMHV.
X-ray sources in compact stellar systems in the Fornax Cluster
Creators: name: Phillipps, S.
name: Young, A. J.
name: Drinkwater, M. J.
name: Gregg, M. D.
name: Karick, A.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Compact stellar systems (CSS) range in mass from globular clusters (GCs), through the more recently discovered ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs), to the rare compact elliptical galaxies. Given their intermediate position, the origin of UCDs, and hence whether they should be counted as galaxies or star clusters, remains unclear. In this paper, we compare the population of X-ray point sources (expected to be low-mass X-ray binaries; LMXBs) in UCD candidates, that is, relatively high-luminosity compact systems, with that known to exist in lower mass GCs. Any difference in LMXB populations may then indicate physical differences between GCs and UCDs. We find that, despite their much larger masses and hence numbers of stars, UCDs and UCD candidates are, if anything, less likely to contain bright X-ray point sources than are GCs. The LMXB content per unit stellar mass is therefore much lower for the UCD candidates, intermediate between that for GCs and for elliptical galaxies. This difference between UCDs and GCs can be explained if UCDs have significantly lower central densities than lower mass GCs, as this will reduce the stellar encounter rate and therefore the production of suitable binary systems. This supports the previously proposed idea of structural differences between UCDs and GCs, though not necessarily ruling out a close relationship between these two types of CSS.
Heliophysics Discovery Tools for the 21st Century: Data Science and Machine Learning structures and recommendations for 2020-2050
Creators: name: McGranaghan, Ryan
name: Thompson, Barbara
name: Camporeale, Enrico
name: Bortnik, Jacob
name: Bobra, Monica
name: Lapenta, Giovanni
name: Wing, Simon
name: Poduval, Bala
name: Lotz, Stefan
name: Murray, Sophie
name: Kirk, Michael
name: Bain, Hazel
name: Riley, Pete
name: Cheung, Mark
name: Tremblay, Benoit
name: Delouille, Véronique
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: machine learning
data science
solar and space physics
heliophysics
space weather

description: We are at a crossroads in the study of Heliophysics. On one hand we operate in the same paradigm that has guided the field over the past couple of decades, ruled by the triumvirate of data, theory, and simulations. On the other hand, we are beginning to recognize that powerful new opportunities for scientific discovery are possible through increased data volume and sophisticated methods to explore these data. This paper focuses on an important and poorly communicated side of data science and machine learning: the application of these methods as discovery tools. We cover the progress of data science and machine learning in Heliophysics at a high level and establish the importance of the notion of explainability of models.
Predicting Stress in Two-phase Random Materials and Super-Resolution Method for Stress Images by Embedding Physical Information
Creators: name: Xing, Tengfei
name: Ren, Xiaodan
name: Li, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stress analysis is an important part of material design. For materials with complex microstructures, such as two-phase random materials (TRMs), material failure is often accompanied by stress concentration. Phase interfaces in two-phase materials are critical for stress concentration. Therefore, the prediction error of stress at phase boundaries is crucial. In practical engineering, the pixels of the obtained material microstructure images are limited, which limits the resolution of stress images generated by deep learning methods, making it difficult to observe stress concentration regions. Existing Image Super-Resolution (ISR) technologies are all based on data-driven supervised learning. However, stress images have natural physical constraints, which provide new ideas for new ISR technologies. In this study, we constructed a stress prediction framework for TRMs. First, the framework uses a proposed Multiple Compositions U-net (MC U-net) to predict stress in low-resolution material microstructures. By considering the phase interface information of the microstructure, the MC U-net effectively reduces the problem of excessive prediction errors at phase boundaries. Secondly, a Mixed Physics-Informed Neural Network (MPINN) based method for stress ISR (SRPINN) was proposed. By introducing the constraints of physical information, the new method does not require paired stress images for training and can increase the resolution of stress images to any multiple. This enables a multiscale analysis of the stress concentration regions at phase boundaries. Finally, we performed stress analysis on TRMs with different phase volume fractions and loading states through transfer learning. The results show the proposed stress prediction framework has satisfactory accuracy and generalization ability.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Chromium Complexes
Creators: name: Gurnham, Joanna
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2014
Subjects: Chromium
Oligomerization
Polymerization
Polycarbonate
Ethylene
CO2
Epoxide
Catalysis

description: There has been a growing demand for specific linear alpha olefins in the polyethylene industry in order to control polymer rheology. This growing demand thereby increases the need for highly active and selective ethylene oligomerization catalysts. Chromium-based catalysts continue to be of high interest for this application due to this metal’s versatility in both selective and non selective ethylene oligomerization. Ligand design is an important consideration in oligomerization chemistry: the ability of the ligand to stabilize low valent chromium and to support a two-electron redox process will allow the catalytic systems to follow the selective ring expansion mechanism for oligomerization. Chelating aminophosphane based ligands, previously studied by our group, have been shown to support both tri- and tetramerization of ethylene. We have explored modifications of one of the NP arms by replacing with a different coordinating group in an attempt to further stabilize the monovalent state of chromium and increase selectivity. Other ligands explored in this work are pyrrole based ligands, which have shown high activity and selectivity towards ethylene oligomerization. One example of this is the commercial Chevron-Phillips system. Recently, the co-polymerization of CO2 with epoxides has been studied as an environmentally friendly route to convert CO2 into biodegradable polymers. The first successful catalytic system to achieve these results consisted of a diethyl-zinc complex. More recently, aluminum, chromium, cadmium and cobalt have been studied as polycarbonate catalysts. To date, the only reported chromium catalysts for CO2-epoxide copolymerization are Cr-salen and Cr-porphyrin complexes, studied by Darrensbourg and Holmes, respectively. We were particularly interested in finding new chromium-based complexes able to catalyze epoxide/CO2 copolymerization by using molecules with the nitrogen donor motif embedded in different functions such as neutral pyridines with anionic pendants, pyrroles with either imine or amine pendants, or a combination of these.
Supplementary document for A broadband 2×2 multimode interference coupler for mid-infrared wavelengths - 5397448.pdf
Creators: name: Stirling, Callum
name: Halir, Robert
name: Sánchez-Postigo, Alejandro
name: Qu, Zhibo
name: Reynolds, Jamie
name: Penades, Jordi Soler
name: Murugan, Ganapathy Senthil
name: Ortega-Moñux, Alejandro
name: Wangüemert-Pérez, J. Gonzalo
name: Molina-Fernández, I.
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Derivation of the analytical model for the MZI output power used for fitting of the experimental data.
Tunisia's pathway for power sector decarbonization under clean ammonia target
Creators: name: Jemili, Amani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The OSeMOSYS tool using the clicSand interface has been used to develop three scenarios (BAU, RE and GAP) in order to evaluate the potential pathway for power sector decarbonization in Tunisia for the time horizon 2015 to 2070. The results indicate that renewable energy, particularly solar PV and onshore wind, will play a significant role in the future energy mix in terms of costs and CO2 emission mitigation compared with BAU scenario. The integration of green hydrogen for ammonia production to satisfy local market demand can be supplied by the power sector until 2060, then dedicated renewable power plants have to be implemented, which will need a robust roadmap and regulation framework
Improved Real-Time RT-PCR Assays of Two Colorectal Cancer Peripheral Blood mRNA Biomarkers: A Pilot Study
Creators: name: Yadegarazari, Reza
name: Hassanzadeh, Taghi
name: Majlesi, Amir
name: Keshvari, Amir
name: Alireza Monsef Esfahani
name: Amirsasan Tootoonchi
name: Nooshin Shabab
name: Saidijam, Massoud
Publisher: name: the Pasteur Institute of Iran
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Basic Sciences

description: Iranian Biomedical Journal (IBJ); ISSN 1028-852X
n-Hexadecane, Petroleum Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels for a Direct Hydrocarbon Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell
Creators: name: Zhu, Yuanchen
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2015
Subjects: Phosphoric acid fuel cell
Steady state

description: The performance of a phosphoric acid fuel cell reactor, (PAFC), with n-hexadecane, C16H34, canola biodiesel, soybean biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel has been investigated. Fifteen-hour steady-state operation was achieved with each of the diesel fuels. This is the first extensive study reported in the literature in which n-hexadecane is used directly as the fuel. It is also the first study of a fuel cell operated with petroleum diesel fuel. Identification of steady-state conditions (temperature = 190oC, molar ratio of fuel to water = 414) is significant because it demonstrates that stable fuel cell operation is technically feasible when operating a PAFC with diesel fuels. Degradation in fuel cell performance was observed prior to reaching steady-state. The degradation was attributed to a carbonaceous material forming on the surface of the anode. After treating the anode with water the fuel cell performance recovered. However, the fuel cell performance degraded again prior to obtaining another steady-state operation. Several consistent observations suggested that the carbonaceous material formed from the diesel fuels might be a reaction intermediate necessary for steady-state operation. Finally, the experiments indicated that water in the phosphoric acid electrolyte could be used as the water required for the anodic reaction. The water formed at the cathode could provide the replacement water for the electrolyte, thereby eliminating the need to provide a water feed system for the fuel cell.
Mehr grün in die gemeinsame Agrarpolitik
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik
subject: Agrarbereich
subject: Landwirtschaft
subject: Soil | Land

description: Die KLU bewertet Einigung zur Agrarreform als „erstes kleines positives Signal“. Sie sieht aber dringenden Bedarf an konsequenter Weiterentwicklung.
Metal-rich Scales in the Reykjanes Geothermal System, SW Iceland: Sulfide Minerals in a Seawater-dominated Hydrothermal Environment
Creators: name: Hardardóttir, Vigdís
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2011
Subjects: Seawater-dominated
geothermal system
sulfide minerals
gold
and silver-rich
high-temperature
Iceland

description: Downhole sampling of unboiled liquid at 1350 and 1500 m depth in the seawater-dominated Reykjanes high-temperature geothermal system in Iceland shows that metal concentrations measured at surface are minimum values due to mineral precipitation in the wells; by analogy of similar tectonic setting, host rocks and fluid composition, the metal concentrations measured in many black smoker vents at the seafloor are also minima. Fluids in the Reykjanes geothermal system react with mid-ocean ridge basalt at temperatures as high as 346°C and contain Fe 9-140 ppm, Cu 14-17 ppm, Zn 5-27 ppm, Pb 120-290 ppb, 1-6 ppb Au, and 28-107 ppb Ag. Fluids discharged at surface from the same wells have orders of magnitude lower metal concentrations due to precipitation caused by boiling and vapor loss during depressurization. Upstream of the orifice plate at high pressure (40 bar, 252°C) the precipitates consist mainly of sphalerite and chalcopyrite with a trace of galena and bornite. At the orifice plate of old wells, the pressure decreased sharply to 11 bar (188°C), resulting in abundant deposition of amorphous silica together with minor sphalerite and traces of chalcopyrite. In new wells the pressure at the orifice plate decreases to 22 bar (220°C); this pressure decrease and concomitant boiling causes deposition of fine-grained bornite-digenite solid solution together with sphalerite and galena on the fluid flow control valve. In high-pressure wells (average wellhead pressure 45-35 bar) most metals (mainly as sphalerite) are deposited downstream of the orifice plate, with up to 950 ppm Au and 2.5 wt.% Ag. Bulk concentrations in the scales vary between 15-60 wt.% upstream and downstream of the orifice plate and diminish from there. Iron increases up well from 8 to ~20 wt.% and decreases downstream of the orifice plate from 6 to 2 wt.% at the separation station; Cu downhole is ~3 wt.% but increases to 25 wt.% on the fluid flow control valve and then decreases; Pb downhole 100s ppm but at the wellhead is ~3 wt.%, increasing to 15 wt.% at the fluid flow control valve, then decreasing sharply from there.
Coastal Community Climate Change Adaptation Framework Development and Implementation
Creators: name: Mingliang, Lu
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2014
Subjects: Climate Change Adaptation
Action Planning
Coastal Community
Implementation
Adaptation Application and Website

description: As the impacts of climate change become more severe, coastal communities are required to prepare plans for adaptation to the invasive environmental changes. A well-prepared adaptation plan can effectively reduce the overall risks of coastal communities. However, a plan is not the final solution for the climate change on coastal communities. How to take the plan into action and implement it in the local communities and find the opportunities for the enhanced preparedness and development of coastal communities is the primary consideration of this thesis research. Many organizations are engaged in developing adaptation tools and guidebooks. For completing their adaptation plans, communities need to develop clear, operational, action plans, and discover the opportunities to enhance the sustainability of coastal communities. To make coastal communities more sustainable in the face of the changing climate, the public’s attention and community participation is critical. The purpose of this study is to develop an adaptation framework and action plan process system for coastal communities and at the same time, provide the general public with an enhanced opportunity to contribute their understanding about what is being done for their costal community around them and how to react when an event happens. The research is applied to the coastal communities of Richmond County, Cape Breton, Canada as a case study. The result of the work develops an adaptation “Action Plan” website for Richmond County. The website features the development, application, and simulation of a mobile communication “Action plan” application designed and implemented with the action website along to provide coastal community with communication options that exploit the local community network and enhance the community’s capacity for climate change adaptation. The emergency response community mobile app and the accompanying website are models for other communities especially those that from the coastal communities in Canada and the Caribbean as part of the C-Change ICURA project to which this research is affiliated.
The Immunohistochemistry and Toluidine Blue Roles for Helicobacter pylori Detection in Patients with Gastritis
Creators: name: Tajalli, Raziye
name: Maliheh Nobakht
name: Hajar Mohammadi-Barzelighi
name: Agah, Shahram
name: Abdolaziz Rastegar-Lari
name: Alireza Sadeghipour
Publisher: name: the Pasteur Institute of Iran
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Basic Sciences

description: Iranian Biomedical Journal (IBJ); ISSN 1028-852X
Antecedents and consequences of the evoked K-Complex.
Creators: name: Bastien, Celyne.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Psychology, Physiological.

description: Three experiments were run in order to determine the antecedents and consequences of the evoked K-Complex. In all three experiments, a train of auditory stimuli was presented during stages 2, 3 and 4 of sleep. In experiment 1, the intensity of the stimulus (80 and 60 dB SPL), its rise-and-fall time (2 and 20 ms) and its tonal frequency (500, 1000 and 2000 Hz) were manipulated. The evoked K-Complex consisted of two different negative components peaking at approximately 350 ("N350") and 550 ("N550") ms, respectively, and followed by a positive component peaking at approximately 900 ("P900") ms. K-Complexes occurred more often with high intensity, fast rise-and-fall time stimuli. When a K-Complex was evoked, the amplitude and latency of the different components remained invariant regardless of the intensity, rise-and-fall or tonal frequency of the stimulus. The K-Complex therefore appears to be an all-or-none phenomenon. On trials on which a K-Complex could not be on elicited, N350 was still visible although much attenuated. On these trials, its amplitude was further reduced when stimulus intensity was lowered. N350 might need to reach a certain critical threshold before the much larger N550-P900 complex is elicited. Experiment 2 examined the effects of rate of presentation on the evoked K-Complex. In different conditions, brief duration tone pips were presented every 5, 10 or 30 sec. K-Complexes were elicited most often when the rate of stimulus presentation was slowest (i.e., every 30 sec) compared to when it was faster (i.e., every 5 or 10 sec). When a K-Complex was evoked, the amplitudes of N350 and N550 were greater with the 30 than the 10 or 5 sec rate of stimulus presentation. A micro-analysis was carried out when 3 consecutive K-Complexes were elicited. With the faster rates of presentation, N350 and N550 following the second and third occurrence of the K-Complex were significantly attenuated compared to the first occurrence. There was no difference in N350 and N550 amplitudes among the 3 consecutive occurrences during the Slow condition. The decay in amplitude over consecutive occurrences of the K-Complex was interpreted as due to either habituation or refractory processes. Experiment 3 was designed to determine the function of the K-Complex. It has been considered to reflect either an arousal or a sleep protector mechanism. A spectral analysis of the EEG prior to and following the presentation of a stimulus was compared on trials on which a K-Complex was and was not elicited. Tone pips were presented every 20 sec during non-REM sleep. FFTs were computed on the EEG prior to and following stimulus onset. In the absence of a K-Complex, a small but significant power elevation following stimulus onset was apparent during Slow Wave Sleep. There were no changes in EEG activity when a K-Complex was elicited. The K-Complex therefore appears to prevent arousal that might otherwise occur to external stimuli.