cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Collusion Helps Abate Environmental Pollution: A Dynamic Approach
Creators: name: Lambertini, Luca
name: Mantovani, Andrea
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2007
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We investigate the bearings product market collusion on the abatement of
polluting emissions in a Cournot oligopoly where production entails a negative
environmental externality. We model the problem as a differential game
and investigate the feedback solution of two alternative settings: a fully noncooperative
oligopoly and a cartel maximising the discounted profits of all
firms in the industry. Our analysis proves that the output reduction entailed
by collusive behaviour may have a benefiacial effect on steady state
welfare, as a result of the balance between a higher market price and a lower
amount of polluting emissions. This result opens a new prespective on the
debate about the management of environmental externalities, which so far
has mainly focussed on the design of Pigouvian taxation schemes.
Optimal Forest Rotations with Environmental Values and Endogenous Fire Risk
Creators: name: Daigneault, Adam J.
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Miranda, Mario J.
name: Daigneault, Adam J.
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Miranda, Mario J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Carbon sequestration
subject: Stochastic risk
subject: Forest management
subject: Optimal rotation
subject: Silviculture
subject: Forest fires
subject: Climate change

description: This paper develops a model that solves for the optimal economic harvest rotation problem to maximize revenue of an even-aged forest plantation when there is a risk of a catastrophic forest fire. The paper also investigates the feasibility of using fire prone stands for carbon sequestration and estimates the effects that it would have on the optimal management regime and rotation age empirically using a typical Douglas-fir stand in the Pacific Northwest. The model incorporates risk-reducing management practices that allow risk and growth to be endogenous, and the optimal rotation model is solved using numerical simulation techniques. Results show that higher carbon prices increase the rotation length regardless of the probability of fire and that the frequency of risk-reducing management practices increase as the stand approaches the optimal harvest age. Results also indicate that intermediate fuel treatments can provide economical and environmental benefits, even with a high probability of fire.
Topological Mass Generation in Four Dimensions
Creators: name: Dvali, Gia
name: Jackiw, R.
name: Pi, So - Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Schwinger's mechanism for mass generation relies on topological structures of a 2-dimensional gauge theory. In the same manner, corresponding 4-dimensional topological entities give rise to topological mass generation in four dimensions.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
An enhanced simulation-based iterated local search metaheuristic for gravity fed water distribution network design optimization
Creators: name: Martinho, Willian C. S.
name: Melo, Rafael A.
name: Sörensen, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The gravity fed water distribution network design (WDND) optimization problem consists in determining the pipe diameters of a water network such that hydraulic constraints are satisfied and the total cost is minimized. Traditionally, such design decisions are made on the basis of expert experience. When networks increase in size, however, rules of thumb will rarely lead to near optimal decisions. Over the past thirty years, a large number of techniques have been developed to tackle the problem of optimally designing a water distribution network. In this paper, we tackle the NP-hard water distribution network design (WDND) optimization problem in a multi-period setting where time varying demand patterns occur. We propose a new simulation-based iterated local search metaheuristic which further explores the structure of the problem in an attempt to obtain high quality solutions. Computational experiments show that our approach is very competitive as it is able to improve over a state-of-the-art metaheuristic for most of the performed tests. Furthermore, it converges much faster to low cost solutions and demonstrates a more robust performance in that it obtains smaller deviations from the best known solutions.
Labor Market Policies and Outcomes: Cross Country Evidence for the EU-27
Creators: name: Rovelli, Riccardo
name: Bruno, Randolph
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2007
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We conduct a comparative analysis of Labor Market Policies and outcomes for the EU member states, for period 2000-2005.
We document the main differences in Labor Market Policies across EU members, including new members states after 2004. We focus on indicators of policy generosity (expenditures relative do GDP) and relate these and other policy indicators to indicators of labor market outcomes and performance.
Our results show that, on a cross-country basis, higher rates of employment are in general associated with: (i) higher expenditures on labor market policies, especially on active policies; (ii) a lower degree of rigidity in labor market institutions and in product market regulation.
'Scenario Adjustment' in Stated Preference Research
Creators: name: Cameron, Trudy Ann
name: Deshazo, J.R.
name: Johnson, Erica H.
name: Cameron, Trudy Ann
name: Deshazo, J.R.
name: Johnson, Erica H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: value of a statistical life
subject: value of a statistical illness profile
subject: health risk reductions
subject: stated preference
subject: scenario rejection
subject: scenario adjustment

description: To assess demand for non-market goods, researchers must sometimes resort to direct elicitation of consumer tradeoffs with the use of surveys. Stated preference (SP) methods typically involve surveys of consumers wherein choice scenarios are posed to respondents and individuals are asked to indicate their preferred alternatives. As SP research has matured, much progress has been made to address a variety of well-known biases that can afflict demand estimates produced by these methods, but some concerns still remain. We use an existing survey designed to ascertain willingness to pay for private health-risk reduction programs to illustrate yet another potential source of bias. This bias is caused when not all respondents answer exactly the choice question they are asked and that the researcher intended for respondents to answer. SP researchers are familiar with the problem of outright scenario rejection, where respondents may choose the status quo alternative because they reject the viability of the proposed alternatives. In contrast, we address the more subtle problem of scenario adjustment, where respondents impute that the substantive alternative(s) in a choice set, in their own particular case, will be different than the survey instrument suggests. We demonstrate a strategy to control and potentially correct for scenario adjustment in the estimation of willingness to pay.
Lindblad equation approach to the optimal working point in nonequilibrium stationary states of an interacting electronic one-dimensional system: Application to the spinless Hubbard chain in the clean and in the weakly disordered limit
Creators: name: Nava, Andrea
name: Rossi, Marco
name: Giuliano, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Lindblad equation approach, we derive the range of the parameters of an interacting one-dimensional electronic chain connected to two reservoirs in the large bias limit in which an optimal working point (corresponding to a change in the monotonicity of the stationary current as a function of the applied bias) emerges in the nonequilibrium stationary state. In the specific case of the one-dimensional spinless fermionic Hubbard chain, we prove that an optimal working point emerges in the dependence of the stationary current on the coupling between the chain and the reservoirs, both in the interacting and in the noninteracting case. We show that the optimal working point is robust against localized defects of the chain, as well as against a limited amount of quenched disorder. Eventually, we discuss the importance of our results for optimizing the performance of a quantum circuit by tuning its components as close as possible to their optimal working point.
description: 21 pages, 22 figures
METHODS OF DEVELOPING BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS
Creators: name: Tursunov, Mumtazjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the article, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of the knowledge of biology students about modern methods of biological research, the methodology of the development of the knowledge of biology students about modern methods of biological research, the effectiveness of the development of the knowledge of biology students about modern methods of biological research were studied. Also, Methods of developing biological knowledge of biology students were analyzed.
On the role of chemical synapses in coupled neurons with noise
Creators: name: Garcia-Ojalvo, Pablo Balenzuela Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the behavior in the presence of noise of an array of Morris-Lecar neurons coupled via chemical synapses. Special attention is devoted to comparing this behavior with the better known case of electrical coupling arising via gap junctions. In particular, our numerical simulations show that chemical synapses are more efficient than gap junctions in enhancing coherence at an optimal noise (what is known as array-enhanced coherence resonance): in the case of (nonlinear) chemical coupling, we observe a substantial increase in the stochastic coherence of the system, in comparison with (linear) electrical coupling. We interpret this qualitative difference between both types of coupling as arising from the fact that chemical synapses only act while the presynaptic neuron is spiking, whereas gap junctions connect the voltage of the two neurons at all times. This leads in the electrical coupling case to larger correlations during interspike time intervals which are detrimental to the array-enhanced coherence effect. Finally, we report on the existence of a system-size coherence resonance in this locally coupled system, exhibited by the average membrane potential of the array.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
The Implications of Marketing-Order Quality Regulations in a Free-Trade Environment
Creators: name: Saitone, Tina L.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Saitone, Tina L.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Among other functions, federal marketing orders allow producers to impose quality regulations and inspections, and, under the section 8e provision, require imports to be subject to the same quality standards and regulations as the domestic industry. As efforts to liberalize trade continue apace, the degree to which a minimum quality standard (MQS) can be used in conjunction with section 8e as a nontariff trade barrier becomes a subject of increasing importance. The high incidence of utilization of the section 8e provision, coupled with a relatively high degree of variability of standards over time, serves to motivate this research on how MQS imposed through marketing orders can affect producer profits, consumer welfare and influence trade patterns. Our model investigates specifically the impacts of a MQS imposed by a domestic agricultural industry under the auspices of a marketing order in both a closed- and open-economy setting under both perfect and imperfect competition. The model allows domestic producers to act collectively, as permitted under marketing-order provisions, and to choose whether or not to impose a MQS based upon whether the industry profit under the MQS exceeds the profit under no regulation. We show that when the product is sold competitively, any market condition that causes the domestic industry to impose an MQS insures that all consumers of the product are harmed by the MQS and total welfare declines. An open-economy setting expands the range of model parameterizations when a domestic industry will implement an MQS because it can often direct the costs imposed by the MQS primarily to importers, while capturing the majority of the benefits, a type of raising rivals cost phenomenon. However, in duopoly competition between a domestic industry and an exporter, we show that a MQS can eliminate the incentives of the duopolists to under provide quality enhancement, potentially leading to situations where MQS can be socially beneficial.
What is the Role of Legal Systems in Financial Intermediation? Theory and Evidence
Creators: name: Bottazzi, Laura
name: Da Rin, Marco
name: Hellmann, Thomas
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2007
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We develop a theory and empirical test of how the legal system affects the relationship
between a venture investor and an entrepreneur. The theory uses a double moral
hazard framework to show how optimal contracts and investor actions depend on the
quality of the legal system. The empirical evidence is based on a sample of European
venture capital deals. The main results are that with better legal protection, investors
give more non-contractible support and demand more downside protection, and they
develop more value-adding skills. These predictions are stongly supported by the
empirical analysis. We also find that the investor’s legal system is more important
that of the company in determining these effects, and that legal system effects persist
within civil law countries.
A hybrid-integrated diode laser in the visible spectral range
Creators: name: Franken, Cornelis A. A.
name: van Rees, Albert
name: Winkler, Lisa V.
name: Fan, Youwen
name: Geskus, Dimitri
name: Dekker, Ronald
name: Geuzebroek, Douwe H.
name: Fallnich, Carsten
name: van der Slot, Peter J. M.
name: Boller, Klaus-J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generating visible light with wide tunability and high coherence based on photonic integrated circuits is of high interest for applications in biophotonics, precision metrology and quantum technology. Here we present the first demonstration of a hybrid-integrated diode laser in the visible spectral range. Using an AlGaInP optical amplifier coupled to a low-loss Si3N4 feedback circuit based on microring resonators, we obtain a spectral coverage of 10.8 nm around 684.4 nm wavelength with up to 4.8 mW output power. The measured intrinsic linewidth is 2.3$\pm$0.2 kHz.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
The Paparazzi Take a Look at a Living Legend: The SO2 Cap-and-Trade Program for Power Plants in the United States
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emission trading
subject: cap and trade
subject: air pollution
subject: cost-benefit analysis
subject: electricity
subject: particulates
subject: sulfur dioxide
subject: SO2
subject: health benefits
subject: acid rain

description: For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The SO2 allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) presents the first real test of the wisdom of economists' advice. This paper provides an overview of the origins, design, and performance of the U.S. acid rain program, and an analysis of its specific features and its adaptability as a model for addressing other pollution problems, such as control of NOX or CO2 emissions. The program also has resulted in innovation through changes in organizational technology, in the organization of markets, and through experimentation at individual boilers, much of which arguably would not have occurred under a more prescriptive approach to regulation. There is ample evidence that allowance trading has achieved substantial cost savings, and there are lessons that can guide the design of future policies.
Intel's XL Permit: A Framework for Evaluation
Creators: name: Boyd, James
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Mazurek, Janice V.
name: Boyd, James
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Mazurek, Janice V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Project XL
subject: tailored regulation
subject: environmental regulation
subject: cost-benefit analysis

description: The paper develops a framework to evaluate permits granted to firms under the Environmental Protection Agency's Project XL -- with emphasis on the novel air permit granted to the Intel Corporation. We describe the permit, the process that created it, and the types of costs and benefits likely to arise from this type of "facility-specific" regulatory arrangement. Among other things, the paper describes the permit's impact on environmental quality, production costs, transaction costs, and Intel's strategic market position. The paper also considers how an estimate of the costs and benefits -- both to Intel and society -- might be estimated. While facility-specific regulation typically conjures images of production cost savings as processes are re-engineered and low-cost abatement strategies pursued, the Intel case highlights perhaps a more important source of benefit: flexibility in the form of streamlined permitting. Flexibility in this form allows for accelerated product introductions, with potentially significant benefits to the firm and possibly to society.
Measuring sectoral diversification in an asymptotic multi-factor framework
Creators: name: Tasche, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We investigate a multi-factor extension of the asymptotic single risk factor (ASRF) model that underlies the capital charges of the "Basel II Accord". In this extended model, it is still possible to derive closed-form solutions for the risk contributions to Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall. As an application of the risk contribution formulae we introduce a new concept for a diversification measure. The use of this new measure is illustrated by an example calculated with a two-factor model. The results with this model indicate that, thanks to dependence on not fully correlated systematic sectors, there can be a substantial reduction of risk contributions by sectoral diversification effects.
description: LaTeX, 23 pages, 2 figures, forthcoming in Journal of Credit Risk
Renormalization of the energy-momentum tensor in three-dimensional scalar $SU(N)$ theories using the Wilson flow
Creators: name: Del Debbio, Luigi
name: Dobson, Elizabeth
name: Jüttner, Andreas
name: Kitching-Morley, Ben
name: Lee, Joseph K. L.
name: Nourry, Valentin
name: Portelli, Antonin
name: Rocha, Henrique Bergallo
name: Skenderis, Kostas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nonperturbative determination of the energy-momentum tensor is essential for understanding the physics of strongly coupled systems. The ability of the Wilson flow to eliminate divergent contact terms makes it a practical method for renormalizing the energy-momentum tensor on the lattice. In this paper, we utilize the Wilson flow to define a procedure to renormalize the energy-momentum tensor for a three-dimensional massless scalar field in the adjoint of $SU(N)$ with a $φ^4$ interaction on the lattice. In this theory the energy-momentum tensor can mix with $φ^2$ and we present numerical results for the mixing coefficient for the $N=2$ theory.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures
The Forest Sector: Important Innovations
Creators: name: Sedjo, Roger A.
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: productivity
subject: resources
subject: forests
subject: timber
subject: technology
subject: innovations
subject: plantations
subject: logging
subject: genetics
subject: extraction

description: Unlike other resources such as petroleum, coal, and copper, forests are renewable. Yet, in many respects forests historically have been treated as a nonrenewable resource in that forest stocks were depleted or "mined" and loggers moved on to exploit other "deposits." The lands were often put to other uses, typically agricultural, or allowed to regenerate naturally. This paper looks at technical change in forest extraction, i.e., logging under a number of different conditions. It finds that, on average, labor productivity has been increasing in recent decades. However, total factor productivity in the US has declined in recent years. In addition, the study examines the tree-growing potential of plantation forestry. It finds that there is underway a substantial shift away from the harvesting of old-growth forests and toward intensive forest plantations. Plantations allow for high productivity in tree growing and are being used to offset decreased wood availability due to the inaccessibility and high costs of many old- and second-growth forests. The decreased accessibility reflects not only the impacts of past logging but, perhaps more importantly, the increase in forests in protected area set asides. Additionally, natural forests face increasingly stringent regulations on logging and forest management activities. High-yield intensively managed forests, on well located, high productivity sites, offer the potential of obtaining high yields while using relatively small land areas by allowing the near full output potential of practices including species selection, fertilization and pest control. Finally, tree planting creates the opportunity to apply genetic improvements to the tree stock thereby further increasing growth productivity and allowing for control of tree characteristics.
Tradable Carbon Permit Auctions: How and Why to Auction Not Grandfather
Creators: name: Cramton, Peter
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Cramton, Peter
name: Kerr, Suzi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: greenhouse
subject: climate change
subject: carbon trading
subject: auction
subject: ascending-clock
subject: tradable permits

description: An auction of carbon permits is the best way to achieve carbon caps set by international negotiation to limit global climate change. To minimize administrative costs, permits would be required at the level of oil refineries, natural gas pipe lines, liquid sellers, and coal processing plants. To maximize liquidity in secondary markets, permits would be fully tradable and bankable. The government would conduct quarterly auctions. A standard ascending-clock auction in which price is gradually raised until there is no excess demand would provide reliable price discovery. An auction is preferred to grandfathering (giving polluters permits in proportion to past pollution), because it allows reduced tax distortions, provides more flexibility in distribution of costs, provides greater incentives for innovation, and reduces the need for politically contentious arguments over the allocation of rents.
Monitoring and Enforcement: Is Two-Tier Regulation Robust?
Creators: name: Kathuria, Vinish
name: Sterner, Thomas
name: Kathuria, Vinish
name: Sterner, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: industrial estate
subject: two-tier monitoring
subject: common property resource
subject: industry association
subject: nonpoint sources of pollution

description: The regulation of industrial pollution is clearly difficult in a rapidly industrializing, low-income setting. In addition to the general lack of resources for monitoring and enforcement, authorities must deal with the asymmetric nature of the information and multiple nonpoint sources of pollution. In this study we look at efforts to regulate chemical plants in Ankleshwar, in the Indian state of Gujarat. The plants are located in an industrial estate, which provides interesting preconditions for a form of two-tier regulation, in which an industry association becomes an intermediary between the government and individual firms: it monitors its members' pollution and promotes compliance with the government's environmental regulations. The Indian agency responsible for environmental protection cannot effectively control the many small individual plants within such estates. The local industry association is much better informed and has an incentive to regulate its members to maintain a good reputation but does not possess much formal authority, and its voluntary monitoring and abatement program is akin to managing a common property resource. We study four preconditions for the success of such management: suitable design principles, effective monitoring, objective implementation of rules, and enforcement. We show that these conditions are satisfied at least to some extent in Ankleshwar and that the fines decrease pollution.
A new tandem quadrupole mass analyzer
Creators: name: Du, Zhaohui
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The thesis describes an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer system with a quadrupole operated in the third stability region with Mathieu parameters (a, q) « (3, 3). The transmission-resolution curves for ions from three elements, Mg, Co and Ga with operation in the first and the third stability region were compared. A limiting resolution of 4000 was obtained with Co (compared to 800 for the first region). For the same resolution (less than 800), the sensitivity with operation in the first region is about 2-7 times higher than that of the third stability region at the upper tip (M tip). It was also found that operation at the upper tip usually gave better transmission for the same resolution and a higher limiting resolution than operation at the lower tip (S tip). High abundance sensitivity (>107) was obtained at medium resolution (R[sub ½] = 500 to 1000) for operation at the upper tip of the third region. The work done with a novel tandem quadrupole mass analyzer comprises most of this thesis. The tandem analyzer consisted of two quadrupoles in series. Each was operated as a mass analyzer. The resolution in each quadrupole was usually low and a mass offset was introduced between the two quadrupoles to give a mass spectrum. The resolution of the tandem mass analyzer was changed by changing the mass offset between the two quadrupoles. It was found that the sensitivity could be increased by placing the two quadrupoles as close together as possible (usually 2mm spacing) without an intervening ion lens, and with the rf voltages phase locked. A phase shift between the rf voltages applied to the two quadrupoles also improved the sensitivity. A comparison of the transmissionresolution curves, with the quadrupoles operated in both the first and third stability regions showed that for the same resolution, the sensitivity of the tandem quadrupole was comparable to that of a single quadrupole for the same region. Operation in the third stability region is advantageous for elemental analysis because the tandem analyzer exhibited better abundance sensitivity on both the low and high mass sides of a peak and better peak shapes under conditions where a single quadrupole produced a long peak tail or peak structure. Scattering losses in the tandem analyzer were half of those in a single quadrupole. Tests with a low mechanical quality tandem quadrupole analyzer showed better resolution than a single low quality quadrupole operated in the third stability region for atomic ions (mle < 250). It also provided better resolution than a single low mechanical quality quadrupole for molecular ions (m/e = 609) with an electrospray ion source in the first stability region.
Output-Based Refunding of Emission Payments: Theory, Distribution of Costs, and International Experience
Creators: name: Sterner, Thomas
name: Hoglund, Lena
name: Sterner, Thomas
name: Hoglund, Lena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: refunded charge
subject: incentived-based environmental policy
subject: air pollution

description: In this paper, we discuss the effect of refunding environmental charges. Taxes often are resisted by polluters because they imply both abatement and tax costs. We show that when charges are refunded, the incentives for abatement are essentially the same as for a tax, but the output reduction that often accompanies a tax scheme is forgone. We describe and examine the refund emissions payment (REP) scheme as a policy instrument for emissions abatement and compare it with taxes and permits with regard to allocative properties, distribution of costs, property rights, and, consequently, the politics of implementation. As an empirical example, the Swedish charge on nitrogen oxides is analyzed.
Program - International Conference Achieving Sustainable Development through Safeguarding
Creators: name: Sousa, Filomena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Program - International Conference Achieving Sustainable Development through Safeguarding (part) 2016 – Sousa, Filomena (Invited speaker) "ICH NGO's mediating between the discourse and the practice" International Conference Achieving Sustainable Development through Safeguarding ICH. Centre for ICH of Asia-Pacific (ICHCAP). (Jeonju - South Korea) 11/04
The Role of Influencers.pdf
Creators: name: Alves de Castro, Charles
name: O'Reilly, Isobel
name: Carthy, Aiden
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150502 Marketing Communications
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150505 Marketing Research Methodology
subject: 150599 Marketing not elsewhere classified
subject: 150506 Marketing Theory
subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)

description: This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of social media influencers (SMIs), namely their impact on adolescents' lives from a consumer behaviour perspective. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to present valuable information regarding social media influencers as critical players in influencing young people during their purchase decision-making process. The major finding is that marketers must consider online marketing strategies using social media influencers as crucial components to reach the attention of younger generations, such as generation Z. Moreover, research suggests that social media influencers have been efficiently promoting both brands and products, using target audiences to effectively enhance communication among peers. In addition, this review offers insights on the importance of encouraging SMIs to promote environmentally friendly products to reduce waste and pollution, as well as to seek to promote awareness to adopt a sustainable lifestyle, helping to achieve the United Nations sustainable development goals, and in particular SDG-13, as per the 2030 climate action agenda.
Dynamic exponential utility indifference valuation
Creators: name: Mania, Michael
name: Schweizer, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91B28, 60H10, 91B16, 60G48 (Primary)

description: We study the dynamics of the exponential utility indifference value process C(B;α) for a contingent claim B in a semimartingale model with a general continuous filtration. We prove that C(B;α) is (the first component of) the unique solution of a backward stochastic differential equation with a quadratic generator and obtain BMO estimates for the components of this solution. This allows us to prove several new results about C_t(B;α). We obtain continuity in B and local Lipschitz-continuity in the risk aversion α, uniformly in t, and we extend earlier results on the asymptotic behavior as α\searrow0 or α\nearrow\infty to our general setting. Moreover, we also prove convergence of the corresponding hedging strategies.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000395 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Basteln, matschen und toben während der Coronakrise
title: Die Bedeutung von wohnungsnahem Freiraum für Kinder und Familien während der Frühphase der Pandemie
Creators: name: Bertram, Henriette
name: Hennecke, Stefanie
name: Million, Angela
name: Niesen, Johanna
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: pandemic
subject: spatial knowledge of children
subject: every day life
subject: daily practices
subject: outdoor practices
subject: narrative maps
subject: covid 19
subject: Pandemie
subject: Raumwissen von Kindern
subject: Familienalltag
subject: Alltagspraktiken
subject: Freiraumpraktiken
subject: narrative Landkarten
subject: Covid-19
subject: wohnungsnaher Freiraum
subject: 300
subject: 710
subject: Pandemie
subject: COVID-19
subject: Räumliches Wissen
subject: Kind
subject: Familie
subject: Alltag
subject: Freifläche
subject: Öffentlicher Raum
subject: Freizeitgestaltung

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
The Impact of El Nino on Northeastern Forests: A Case Study on Maple Syrup Production
Creators: name: Bergeron, Nancy
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
name: Bergeron, Nancy
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: El Nino
subject: forests
subject: maple syrup
subject: economic welfare effects
subject: dieback

description: El Nino events are likely to affect maple syrup production since it is very sensitive to weather patterns. A statistically significant direct correlation has not been found in our preliminary analysis, however. This may be because many other factors affect production and because weather anomalies also occur in non-El Nino years. Few defensive activities are available to maple syrup producers to alleviate the negative impacts of weather anomalies on their production. Hence, the value of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts to them is likely to be low, even if a clear correlation between productivity and ENSO events was eventually found. Overall, small welfare impacts of El Nino weather events are expected from their impact on the maple syrup industry, even if a correlation is found. This is mainly because the share of maple syrup production in the economy is very small. Also, only a portion of the exploitable trees is under production and hence some excess capacity exists. Furthermore, maple syrup has numerous substitutes (albeit imperfect) as sources of sugar and luxury food items; the impact on consumer welfare is hence likely to be small. The most unique feature of maple syrup production includes cultural and amenity values provided by the springtime sugaring off parties; this appears as the least substitutable characteristic of the maple syrup industry. Indeed, few forest-based activities exist at the time of maple sap harvest. In all likelihood, even if the development of the industry is slowed down because of ENSO events, this springtime ritual will remain as it does not involve great investment like the larger, more sophisticated activities do. The welfare impact, through the lack of substitute, would be greater if this tradition were to disappear altogether.
[Hupa vocabulary and grammatical elements]
Creators: name: Golla, Victor
name: Jackson, Louisa
name: Jackson, Ned
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: hup
subject: Hupa language

description: Digital images of file slips summarizing (a) data from Golla's field notebooks and (b) archival data collected by Edward Sapir. Box 9 of 9. Original slips dated 1963 to approximately 1970.
A VLT-UVES spectrscopic analysis of C-rich Fe-poor stars
Creators: name: Masseron, T.
name: Plez, B.
name: Primas, F.
name: Van Eck, S.
name: Jorissen, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large surveys of very metal-poor stars have revealed in recent years that a large fraction of these objects were carbon-rich, analogous to the more metal-rich CH-stars. The abundance peculiarities of CH-stars are commonly explained by mass-transfer from a more evolved companion. In an effort to better understand the origin and importance for Galactic evolution of Fe-poor, C-rich stars, we present abundances determined from high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra obtained with the UVES instrument attached to the ESO/VLT. Our analysis of carbon-enhanced objects includes both CH stars and more metal-poor objects, and we explore the link between the two classes. We also present preliminary results of our ongoing radial velocity monitoring.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, presented at Cool Stars 13, Hamburg, 2004
Floquet dynamical quantum phase transitions in periodically quenched systems
Creators: name: Zhou, Longwen
name: Du, Qianqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) are characterized by nonanalytic behaviors of physical observables as functions of time. When a system is subject to time-periodic modulations, the nonanalytic signatures of its observables could recur periodically in time, leading to the phenomena of Floquet DQPTs. In this work, we systematically explore Floquet DQPTs in a class of periodically quenched one-dimensional system with chiral symmetry. By tuning the strength of quench, we find multiple Floquet DQPTs within a single driving period, with more DQPTs being observed when the system is initialized in Floquet states with larger topological invariants. Each Floquet DQPT is further accompanied by the quantized jump of a dynamical topological order parameter, whose values remain quantized in time if the underlying Floquet system is prepared in a gapped topological phase. The theory is demonstrated in a piecewise quenched lattice model, which possesses rich Floquet topological phases and is readily realizable in quantum simulators like the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamonds. Our discoveries thus open a new perspective for the Floquet engineering of DQPTs and the dynamical detection of topological phase transitions in Floquet systems.
description: 12pages, 6 figures, close to the published version
Statistical mechanics of an integrable system
Creators: name: Baldovin, Marco
name: Vulpiani, Angelo
name: Gradenigo, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide here an explicit example of Khinchin's idea that the validity of equilibrium statistical mechanics in high dimensional systems does not depend on the details of the dynamics. This point of view is supported by extensive numerical simulation of the one-dimensional Toda chain, an integrable non-linear Hamiltonian system where all Lyapunov exponents are zero by definition. We study the relaxation to equilibrium starting from very atypical initial conditions and focusing on energy equipartion among Fourier modes, as done in the original Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou numerical experiment. We find evidence that in the general case, i.e., not in the perturbative regime where Toda and Fourier modes are close to each other, there is a fast reaching of thermal equilibrium in terms of a single temperature. We also find that equilibrium fluctuations, in particular the behaviour of specific heat as function of temperature, are in agreement with analytic predictions drawn from the ordinary Gibbs ensemble, still having no conflict with the established validity of the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble for the Toda model. Our results suggest thus that even an integrable Hamiltonian system reaches thermalization on the constant energy hypersurface, provided that the considered observables do not strongly depend on one or few of the conserved quantities. This suggests that dynamical chaos is irrelevant for thermalization in the large-$N$ limit, where any macroscopic observable reads of as a collective variable with respect to the coordinate which diagonalize the Hamiltonian. The possibility for our results to be relevant for the problem of thermalization in generic quantum systems, i.e., non-integrable ones, is commented at the end.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures + Appendix
Do Consumers React to the Shape of Supply? Water Demand under Heterogeneous Price Structures
Creators: name: Olmstead, Sheila M.
name: Hanemann, W. Michael
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Olmstead, Sheila M.
name: Hanemann, W. Michael
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Non-linear pricing
subject: water demand
subject: price elasticity

description: Urban water pricing provides an opportunity to examine whether consumers react to the shape of supply functions. We carry out an empirical analysis of the influence of price and price structure on residential water demand, using the most price-diverse, detailed, household-level water demand data yet available for this purpose. We adapt the Hausman model of labor supply under progressive income taxation to estimate water demand under non-linear prices. Ours is the first analysis to address both the simultaneous determination of marginal price and water demand under block pricing and the possibility of endogenous price structures in the cross section. In order to examine the possibility that consumers facing block prices are more price-responsive, all else equal, we test for price elasticity differences across price structures. We find that households facing block prices are more sensitive to price increases than households facing uniform marginal prices. Tests for endogenous price structures cannot rule out a behavioral response to the shape of supply, but suggest that observed differences in price elasticity under supply curves of varying shapes may result, in part, from underlying heterogeneity among utility service areas.
A Novel Method for Estimating the Ambient Medium Density Around Distant Radio Sources from Their Observed Radio Spectra
Creators: name: Wojtowicz, Anna
name: Stawarz, Lukasz
name: Machalski, Jerzy
name: Ostorero, Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical evolution and radiative properties of luminous radio galaxies and quasars of the FRII type, are well understood. As a result, through the use of detailed modeling of the observed radio emission of such sources, one can estimate various physical parameters of the systems, including the density of the ambient medium into which the radio structure evolves. This, however, requires rather comprehensive observational information, i.e. sampling the broad-band radio continua of the targets at several frequencies, and imaging their radio structures with high resolution. Such observations are, on the other hand, not always available, especially for high-redshift objects. Here we analyze the best-fit values of the source physical parameters, derived from an extensive modeling of the largest currently available sample of FRII radio sources, for which good-quality multi-wavelength radio flux measurements could be collected. In the analyzed dataset, we notice a significant and non-obvious correlation between the spectral index of the non-thermal radio emission continuum, and density of the ambient medium. We derive the corresponding correlation parameters, and quantify the intrinsic scatter by means of Bayesian analysis. We propose that the discovered correlation could be used as a cosmological tool to estimate the density of ambient medium for large samples of distant radio galaxies. Our method does not require any detailed modeling of individual sources, and relies on limited observational information, namely the slope of the radio continuum between the rest-frame frequencies 0.4GHz and 5GHz, possibly combined with the total linear size of the radio structure.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Post-Newtonian templates for gravitational waves from compact binary inspirals
Creators: name: Isoyama, Soichiro
name: Sturani, Riccardo
name: Nakano, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To enable detection and maximise the physics output of gravitational wave observations from compact binary systems, it is crucial the availability of accurate waveform models. The present work aims at giving an overview for non-experts of the (inspiral) waveforms used in the gravitational wave data analysis for compact binary coalescence. We first provide the essential elements of gravitational radiation physics within a simple Newtonian orbital dynamics and the linearized gravity theory, describing the adiabatic approximation applied to binary systems: the key element to construct the theoretical gravitational waveforms in practice. We next lay out the gravitational waveforms in the post-Newtonian approximation to General Relativity, and highlight the basic input for the inspiral waveform of the slowly evolving, spinning, nonprecessing, quasicircular binary black holes, namely, post-Newtonian energy, fluxes and the (absorption-corrected) balance equation. The post-Newtonian inspiral templates are then presented both in the time and frequency domain. Finally, including the merger and subsequent ringdown phase, we briefly survey the two families of the full waveform models of compact binary mergers currently implemented in LSC Algorithm Library Simulation: the effective-one-body approach and the phenomenological frequency domain model.
description: 51 pages, 2 figures. Invited chapter for "Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy" (Eds. C. Bambi, S. Katsanevas and K. Kokkotas; Springer Singapore, 2021. V2: corrects typos and updates references