cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Kiloparsec-scale jets in three radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Creators: name: Richards, Joseph L.
name: Lister, Matthew L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered kiloparsec-scale extended radio emission in three narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) in sub-arcsecond resolution 9 GHz images from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). We find all sources show two-sided, mildly core-dominated jet structures with diffuse lobes dominated by termination hotspots. These span 20-70 kpc with morphologies reminiscent of FR II radio galaxies, while the extended radio luminosities are intermediate between FR I and FR II sources. In two cases the structure is linear, while a $45^{\circ}$ bend is apparent in the third. Very Long Baseline Array images at 7.6 GHz reveal parsec-scale jet structures, in two cases with extended structure aligned with the inner regions of the kiloparsec-scale jets. Based on this alignment, the ratio of the radio core luminosity to the optical luminosity, the jet/counter-jet intensity and extension length ratios, and moderate core brightness temperatures ($\lesssim10^{10}$ K), we conclude these jets are mildly relativistic ($β\lesssim0.3$, $δ\sim1$-$1.5$) and aligned at moderately small angles to the line of sight (10-15$^{\circ}$). The derived kinematic ages of $\sim10^6$-$10^7$ y are much younger than radio galaxies but comparable to other NLS1s. Our results increase the number of radio-loud NLS1s with known kiloparsec-scale extensions from seven to ten and suggest that such extended emission may be common, at least among the brightest of these sources.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted to ApJ Letters
Thermodynamic Properties of the Mott Insulator-Metal Transition in a Triangular Lattice System Without Magnetic Order
Creators: name: Yesil, Emre
name: Imajo, Shusaku
name: Yamashita, Satoshi
name: Akutsu, Hiroki
name: Saito, Yohei
name: Pustogow, Andrej
name: Kawamoto, Atsushi
name: Nakazawa, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The organic system, $κ$-[(BEDT-TTF)$_{1-x}$(BEDT-STF)$_x$]$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$, showing the Mott transition between a nonmagnetic Mott insulating (NMI) state and a Fermi liquid (FL), is systematically studied by calorimetric measurements. An increase of the electronic heat capacity at the transition from the NMI state to the FL state which keeps the triangular dimer lattice demonstrates that the charge sector lost in the Mott insulating state is recovered in the FL state. We observed that the remaining low-energy spin excitations in the Mott insulating state show unique temperature dependence, and that the NMI state has a larger lattice entropy originating from the frustrated lattice, which leads to the Pomeranchuk-like effect on the electron localization. Near the Mott boundary, an unexpected enhancement and magnetic-field dependence of heat capacity are observed. This anomalous heat capacity is different from the behavior in the typical first-order Mott transition and shows similarities with quantum critical behavior. To reconcile our results with previously reported scenarios about a spin gap and the first-order Mott transition, further studies are desired.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Sparse Tensor Transpositions
Creators: name: Mueller, Suzanne
name: Ahrens, Willow
name: Chou, Stephen
name: Kjolstad, Fredrik
name: Amarasinghe, Saman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a new algorithm for transposing sparse tensors called Quesadilla. The algorithm converts the sparse tensor data structure to a list of coordinates and sorts it with a fast multi-pass radix algorithm that exploits knowledge of the requested transposition and the tensors input partial coordinate ordering to provably minimize the number of parallel partial sorting passes. We evaluate both a serial and a parallel implementation of Quesadilla on a set of 19 tensors from the FROSTT collection, a set of tensors taken from scientific and data analytic applications. We compare Quesadilla and a generalization, Top-2-sadilla to several state of the art approaches, including the tensor transposition routine used in the SPLATT tensor factorization library. In serial tests, Quesadilla was the best strategy for 60% of all tensor and transposition combinations and improved over SPLATT by at least 19% in half of the combinations. In parallel tests, at least one of Quesadilla or Top-2-sadilla was the best strategy for 52% of all tensor and transposition combinations.
description: This work will be the subject of a brief announcement at the 32nd ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA '20)
Communication over the network of binary switches regulates the activation of A$_{2A}$ adenosine receptor
Creators: name: Lee, Yoonji
name: Choi, Sun
name: Hyeon, Changbong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Dynamics and functions of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are accurately regulated by the type of ligands that bind to the orthosteric or allosteric binding sites. To glean the structural and dynamical origin of ligand-dependent modulation of GPCR activity, we performed total $\sim$ 5 $μ$sec molecular dynamics simulations of A$_{2A}$ adenosine receptor (A$_{2A}$AR) in its apo, antagonist-bound, and agonist-bound forms in an explicit water and membrane environment, and examined the corresponding dynamics and correlation between the 10 key structural motifs that serve as the allosteric hotspots in intramolecular signaling network. We dubbed these 10 structural motifs "binary switches" as they display molecular interactions that switch between two distinct states. By projecting the receptor dynamics on these binary switches that yield $2^{10}$ microstates, we show that (i) the receptors in apo, antagonist-bound, and agonist-bound states explore vastly different conformational space; (ii) among the three receptor states the apo state explores the broadest range of microstates; (iii) in the presence of the agonist, the active conformation is maintained through coherent couplings among the binary switches; and (iv) to be most specific, our analysis shows that W246, located deep inside the binding cleft, can serve as both an agonist sensor and actuator of ensuing intramolecular signaling for the receptor activation.Finally, our analysis of multiple trajectories generated by inserting an agonist to the apo state underscores that the transition of the receptor from inactive to active form requires the disruption of ionic-lock in the DRY motif.
description: 28 pages, 17 figures
Mathematical modeling to understand the role of bivalent thrombin-fibrin binding during polymerization
Creators: name: Leiderman, K.
name: Kelley, M.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Thrombin is an enzyme produced during blood coagulation that is crucial to the formation of a stable clot. Thrombin cleaves soluble fibrinogen into fibrin, which polymerizes and forms an insoluble, stabilizing gel around the growing clot. A small fraction of circulating fibrinogen is the variant γA/γ0, which has been associated with high-affinity thrombin binding and implicated as a risk factor for myocardial infarctions, deep vein thrombosis, and coronary artery disease. Thrombin is also known to be strongly sequestered by polymerized fibrin for extended periods of time in a way that is partially regulated by γA/γ0. However, the role of γA/γ0-thrombin interactions during fibrin polymerization is not fully understood. Here, we present a mathematical model of fibrin polymerization that considered the interactions between thrombin, fibrinogen, and fibrin, including those with γA/γ0. In our model, bivalent thrombin-fibrin binding greatly increased thrombin residency times and allowed for thrombin-trapping during fibrin polymerization. Results from the model showed that early in fibrin polymerization, γ0 binding to thrombin served to localize the thrombin to the fibrin(ogen), which effectively enhanced the enzymatic conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. When all the fibrin was fully generated, however, the fibrin-thrombin binding persisted but the effect of fibrin on thrombin switched quickly to serve as a sink, essentially removing all free thrombin from the system. This dual role for γ0-thrombin binding during polymerization led to a paradoxical decrease in trapped thrombin as the amount of γ0 was increased. The model highlighted biochemical and biophysical roles for fibrin-thrombin interactions during polymerization and agreed well with experimental observations. Copyright: © 2022 Kelley, Leiderman. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
title: The Soviet Union and the Creation of the International Human Rights System
Creators: name: Weitz, Eric D.
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: The following comments draw from the authors Eric D. Weitz´s upcoming book : A World Divided: The Global Struggle for Human Rights in the Age of the Nation-State (Princeton: Princeton University Press, forthcoming 2019).
title: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in East Germany. Socialist Appropriation and Dissident Contestation, 1948-1989
Creators: name: Richardson-Little, Ned
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: It would be easy to presume that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights had always been a symbol of opposition and dissent in the German Democratic Republic. Passed by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948, the UDHR contained a number of provisions that contradicted the political and social order of the GDR as run by the Socialist Unity Party (SED). It demanded an independent judiciary, prohibited arbitrary arrest and invasion of privacy, and guaranteed the right to leave one’s own country. In East Germany, where the judiciary was firmly an ideological organ, the Stasi regularly conducted mass surveillance and arbitrary detention and those seeking to leave the country illegally were shot at the border, this would seem to be a document seen to be inherently hostile to SED rule. Even the social rights contained in the UDHR, in particular the right to strike, were contrary to the legal realities of East Germany where citizens could not demand rights from the state that would obstruct the will of the party. Yet over the course of East Germany’s existence, the Universal Declaration was more likely to be invoked by the SED than by its domestic opponents. The SED came to view the Universal Declaration and the UN human rights system as a whole as an ally to the Socialist Bloc and the contents of the UDHR reflected in the achievements of socialism within the borders of the GDR. For decades this was not challenged by East Germans on a mass scale, until very suddenly in the late 1980s, human rights and the UDHR became symbols of the democratic opposition. This article will trace the trajectory of the UDHR in East German public discourse from its passage in 1948 and the reaction by the SED in the Soviet Occupied Zone, through the commemorations of the UDHR on its many anniversaries before the ultimate collapse of SED in 1989.
title: Die UN-Menschenrechtspakte – Ein langer und steiniger Pfad zur Einigkeit
Creators: name: Ridder, Peter
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: Im 20. Jahrhundert lässt sich die Geschichte der Menschenrechte in Phasen der Einigkeit zwischen einzelnen Staaten und jenen der Kontroverse erzählen. So gab es Zeiten der Übereinstimmung, in denen sich die Interessen von Staaten und Zivilgesellschaften überschnitten, was die Einführung und Durchsetzung universeller Normen möglich machte, etwa 1945, 1966, 1977 und 1990. Dazwischen gab es aber auch immer wieder Momente, in denen die internationale Gemeinschaft in eben diesen Normen eine Bedrohung sah. Die UNO-Menschenrechtspakte spiegeln diese wechselvolle Geschichte und zeigen, wie die Menschenrechte und das System zum Schutz dieser durch globale Konflikte und transnationale Aushandlungsprozesse geprägt wurden.
Additional file 1 of Response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients receiving B-cell modulating antibodies for renal autoimmune disease
Creators: name: Arnold, Frederic
name: Huzly, Daniela
name: Tanriver, Yakup
name: Welte, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental Figure S1, Supplemental Tables S1–S5, Supplemental Methods.
Additional file 4 of Risk factors for preterm birth: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies
Creators: name: Mitrogiannis, Ioannis
name: Evangelou, Evangelos
name: Efthymiou, Athina
name: Kanavos, Theofilos
name: Birbas, Effrosyni
name: Makrydimas, George
name: Papatheodorou, Stefania
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Details of the protective factors.
title: Indigene Menschenrechte: Universalismus oder Indigenität?
Creators: name: Mende, Janne
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: Die Erklärung der Vereinten Nationen über die Rechte der indigenen Völker (UNDRIP) bildet einen Meilenstein in der Entwicklung der Menschenrechte. Das gilt nicht nur für die jahrzehntelangen Auseinandersetzungen um die Etablierung von indigenen Menschenrechten, sondern auch für das internationale Menschenrecht selbst. Denn die Entwicklung indigener Menschenrechte steht exemplarisch für die Vielfältigkeit und die Multiplizierung des Menschenrechts. Sie zeigt, dass Menschenrechte sich seit der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte 1948 weiterentwickeln, ausdifferenzieren und verändern können, ohne damit die Idee von Menschenrechten zwangsläufig zu unterminieren. Gleichzeitig zeigt sie in all ihren (teilweise nach wie vor bestehenden) Kontroversen, dass die Prozesse der Multiplizierung und Entwicklung von Menschenrechten weder bruchlos noch widerspruchsfrei verlaufen. Indigene Menschenrechte stehen mithin für die sensible Balance zwischen dem Festhalten an der Idee von Menschenrechten einerseits und der Notwendigkeit ihrer zeithistorischen Veränderung und Herausforderung andererseits.
Chiral Light Emission from a Sphere Revealed by Nanoscale Relative Phase Mapping
Creators: name: Matsukata, Taeko
name: de Abajo, F. Javier Garcia
name: Sannomiya, Takumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circularly polarized light (CPL) is currently receiving much attention as a key ingredient for next-generation information technologies, such as quantum communication and encryption. CPL photon generation for such applications is commonly realized by coupling achiral optical quantum emitters to chiral nanoantennas. Here, we explore a different strategy consisting in exciting a nanosphere -- the ultimate symmetric structure -- to produce all-directional CPL emission. Specifically, we demonstrate chiral emission from a silicon nanosphere induced by an electron beam based on two different strategies: dissolving the degeneracy of orthogonal dipole modes, and interference of electric and magnetic modes. We prove these concepts by visualizing the phase and polarization using a newly developed polarimetric four-dimensional cathodoluminescence method. Besides their fundamental interest, our results support the use of free-electron-induced light emission from spherically symmetric systems as a versatile platform for the generation of chiral light with on-demand control over the phase and degree of polarization.
Linking gait mechanics with perceived quality of life and participation after stroke
Creators: name: Lewek, M.D.
name: Rowland, D.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: BACKGROUND: Individuals with hemiparesis following stroke often experience a decline in the paretic limb's anteriorly directed ground reaction force during walking (i.e., limb propulsive force). Gait speed and walking capacity have been independently associated with paretic limb propulsion, quality of life, and participation in people with stroke. However, it is unclear as to the extent that underlying limb mechanics (i.e., propulsion) play in influencing perceptions of quality of life and participation. We therefore sought to determine the role of limb propulsion during gait on the perception of quality of life and participation in people following stroke. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of individuals involved in a gait retraining randomized control trial. Gait speed, walking capacity, limb propulsion, Stroke Impact Scale, and average daily step counts were assessed prior to and following 6 weeks of training. The pre-training data from 40 individuals were analyzed cross-sectionally using Pearson and Spearman correlations, to evaluate the potential relationship between limb propulsion (ratio of paretic limb propulsion to total propulsion) with gait speed, gait capacity, perceived quality of life domains, and average daily step counts. Partial correlations were used to control for gait speed. Thirty-one individuals were assessed longitudinally for the same relationships. RESULTS: We observed a training effect for gait speed, walking capacity, and some quality of life measures. However, after controlling for gait speed, we observed no significant (p≤0.05) correlations in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. SIGNIFICANCE: After controlling for the influence of gait speed, paretic limb propulsion is not directly related to perceived quality of life or participation. Although limb propulsion may not have a direct effect on participant's perceived quality of life, it appears to be an important factor to enhance gait performance, and therefore may be important to target in rehabilitation, when feasible.
Additional file 1 of Functional connectivity of cognition-related brain networks in adults with fetal alcohol syndrome
Creators: name: Sundermann, Benedikt
name: Feldmann, Reinhold
name: Mathys, Christian
name: Rau, Johanna M. H.
name: Garde, Stefan
name: Braje, Anna
name: Weglage, Josef
name: Pfleiderer, Bettina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.Document containing all supplementary methods information (rationale of the Majewski criteria for FAS, MRI data pre-processing), supplementary figures and tables (Supplementary Table 1: Group comparison of head motion; Supplementary Figure 1: Goodness-of-fit statistics for different k-means clustering solutions; Supplementary Figure 2: Connectivity matrices representing the two putative functional connectivity (FC) states in the optimal clustering solution of the time-resolved analysis)
Policy and public communication methods among U.S. state prisons during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Nowotny, K.
name: Behne, M.F.
name: Veluvolu, M.
name: Cowell, M.
name: Bull, C.E.
name: Brinkley-Rubinstein, L.
name: Zielinski, M.J.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Background: Throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, our research team monitored and documented policy changes in United States (U.S.) prison systems. Data sources included prison websites and official prison social media accounts. Over 2500 data sources relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. prisons were located and summarized in to five different categories: 1) prevention, 2) case identification and intervention, 3) movement, 4) social communication and connection, and 5) programming, recreation, and privileges. Results: All state prison systems reportedly enacted multiple policies intended to limit the spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Document analysis revealed that the most commonly released policies were restrictions on social contacts and privileges, basic preventive measures (e.g., distribution of masks), and basic case identification measures (e.g., verbal screening and temperature checks). Utilization of social media for policy communication varied significantly across states, though relevant data was more often released on Facebook than Twitter. Conclusions: Together, our work provides foundational knowledge on the wide breadth of policies that were reportedly enacted in the first year of the pandemic that may be used as a base for quantitative work on policy effectiveness and examinations of implementation.
title: Zur Genese des Rechts auf Wahrheit
Creators: name: Stahl, Daniel
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: Seit der Verabschiedung der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte 1948 beobachten wir einen Prozess der ständigen Erweiterung und Ausdifferenzierung völkerrechtlicher Menschenrechtsnormen. Die Herausbildung des Rechts auf Wahrheit – mitunter auch als Recht auf Wissen firmierend – ist Teil dieses Prozesses. Es handelt sich um ein Konzept, dem vor allem in den neunziger und zweitausender Jahren Aufmerksamkeit zuteil wurde. Es vereint zwei unterschiedliche Ansprüche in sich. Zum einen zielt es darauf ab, dem individuell-psychologischen Bedürfnis von Opfern staatlicher Menschenrechtsverletzungen oder deren Angehörigen einen juridischen Schutz zu gewähren, um ihnen zu ermöglichen, über die Hintergründe des erfahrenen Leids aufgeklärt zu werden und Informationen über das Schicksal jener zu erhalten, die seit der Verhaftung durch staatliche Sicherheitsbehörden verschwunden sind. Gleichzeitig formuliert es auch einen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Anspruch auf eine wie auch immer geartete historische Wahrheit über staatliche Gewaltverbrechen.
Study of the Lynx-Cancer void galaxies-V. The extremely isolated galaxy UGC4722
Creators: name: Chengalur, J. N.
name: Pustilnik, S. A.
name: Makarov, D. I.
name: Perepelitsyna, Y. A.
name: Safonova, E. S.
name: Karachentsev, I. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of the extremely isolated Sdm galaxy UGC4722 (M_B = -17.4) located in the nearby Lynx-Cancer void. UGC4722 is a member of the catalogue of isolated galaxies, and has also been identified as one of the most isolated galaxies in the Local Supercluster. Optical images of the galaxy however show that it has a peculiar morphology with an elongated ~ 14 kpc long plume. New observations with the Russian 6-m telescope (BTA) and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) of the ionised and neutral gas in UGC4722 reveal the second component responsible for the disturbed morphology of the system. This is a small, almost completely destroyed, very gas-rich dwarf (M_B = -15.2, M_HI/L_B ~4.3). We estimate the oxygen abundance for both galaxies to be 12+log(O/H) ~ 7.5-7.6, which is 2-3 times lower than what is expected from the luminosity-metallicity relation for similar galaxies in denser environments. The ugr colours of the plume derived from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images are consistent with a simple stellar population with a post starburst age of 0.45-0.5 Gyr. This system hence appears to be the first known case of a minor merger with a prominent tidal feature consisting of a young stellar population.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Real-world effectiveness of IDegLira compared with intensified conventional insulin therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Szépkúti, Sándor
name: Bandur, Szilvia
name: Kovács, Gábor
name: Ferenci, Tamás
name: Svébis, Márk M.
name: Turbucz, Piroska
name: Tabák, Ádám G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Tables S1-S4. Results of sensitivity analyses (supplementary tables).
Investigating the impact of reactions of C and CH with molecular hydrogen on a glycine gas-grain network
Creators: name: Heyl, Johannes
name: Lamberts, Thanja
name: Viti, Serena
name: Holdship, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impact of including the reactions of C and CH with molecular hydrogen in a gas-grain network is assessed via a sensitivity analysis. To this end, we vary 3 parameters, namely, the efficiency for the reaction \ce{C + H2 -> CH2}, and the cosmic ray ionisation rate, with the third parameter being the final density of the collapsing dark cloud. A grid of 12 models is run to investigate the effect of all parameters on the final molecular abundances of the chemical network. We find that including reactions with molecular hydrogen alters the hydrogen economy of the network; since some species are hydrogenated by molecular hydrogen, atomic hydrogen is freed up. The abundances of simple molecules produced from hydrogenation, such as \ce{CH4}, \ce{CH3OH} and \ce{NH3}, increase, and at the same time, more complex species such as glycine and its precursors see a significant decrease in their final abundances. We find that the precursors of glycine are being preferentially hydrogenated, and therefore glycine itself is produced less efficiently.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Technologie, die verbindet?. Informationstechnik und Menschenrechte im digitalen Zeitalter
Creators: name: Homberg, Michael
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien durchdringen gegenwärtig alle Lebens­bereiche. Dabei haben sich mit dem Anbruch des digitalen Zeitalters auch die Vorstellungen von Öffentlichkeit, Privatsphäre und Partizipation stark gewandelt. Techniken des „e-Go­vernments“ steuern politische und soziale Prozesse. Computer regulieren den globalen Finanzmarktkapitalismus, berechnen (und manipulieren) Wahlergebnisse, lenken globale Kommunikationsströme, optimieren industrielle Produktions- und logistische Vertriebsprozesse und speichern überdies das Wissen von Verkehrsbetrieben, Krankenhäusern, Polizeibehörden und Geheimdiensten. Mit dieser Form der „Verdatung der Welt“ sind in den letzten Dekaden neue Wissensräume entstanden. Computer, Suchmaschinen und Datenbanken ordnen unsere moderne Welt.[1] Sie regeln den öffentlichen Raum und stecken zugleich die Sphäre des Privaten ab.
$L^p$ Regularity of Toeplitz Operators on Generalized Hartogs Triangles
Creators: name: Balay, Meijke
name: Neutgens, Trent
name: Rosen, Nick
name: Wagner, Nathan A.
name: Zeytuncu, Yunus E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32A36 (Primary), 32A07 (Secondary)

description: We obtain $L^p$ estimates for Toeplitz operators on the generalized Hartogs triangles $\mathbb{H}_γ= \{(z_1,z_2) \in \mathbb{C}^2: |z_1|^γ< |z_2|<1\}$ for two classes of positive radial symbols, one a power of the distance to the origin, and the other a power of the distance to the boundary.
description: 13 pages
Cable Stability
Creators: name: Bottura, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductor stability is at the core of the design of any successful cable and magnet application. This chapter reviews the initial understanding of the stability mechanism, and reviews matters of importance for stability such as the nature and magnitude of the perturbation spectrum and the cooling mechanisms. Various stability strategies are studied, providing criteria that depend on the desired design and operating conditions.
description: 51 pages, contribution to the CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Superconductivity for Accelerators, Erice, Italy, 24 April - 4 May 2013, edited by R. Bailey
Additional file 1 of Malaria prevalence in HIV-positive children, pregnant women, and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mirzohreh, Seyedeh-Tarlan
name: Safarpour, Hanieh
name: Pagheh, Abdol Sattar
name: Bangoura, Berit
name: Barac, Aleksandra
name: Ahmadpour, Ehsan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Funnel plot of standard error by logit event rate to assess publication or other types of bias across prevalence studies. Studies based on the prevalence of malaria in HIV patients: children (A), adults (B), and pregnant women (C).
Selective laser ablation of metal thin films using ultrashort pulses
Creators: name: Kim, Byunggi
name: Nam, Han Ku
name: Watanabe, Shotaro
name: Park, Sanguk
name: Kim, Yunseok
name: Kim, Young-Jin
name: Fushinobu, Kazuyoshi
name: Kim, Seung-Woo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Selective thin-film removal is needed in many microfabrication processes such as 3-D patterning of optoelectronic devices and localized repairing of integrated circuits. Various wet or dry etching methods are available, but laser machining is a tool of green manufacturing as it can remove thin films by ablation without use of toxic chemicals. However, laser ablation causes thermal damage on neighboring patterns and underneath substrates, hindering its extensive use with high precision and integrity. Here, using ultrashort laser pulses of sub-picosecond duration, we demonstrate an ultrafast mechanism of laser ablation that leads to selective removal of a thin metal film with minimal damage on the substrate. The ultrafast laser ablation is accomplished with the insertion of a transition metal interlayer that offers high electron-phonon coupling to trigger vaporization in a picosecond timescale. This contained form of heat transfer permits lifting off the metal thin-film layer while blocking heat conduction to the substrate. Our ultrafast scheme of selective thin film removal is analytically validated using a two-temperature model of heat transfer between electrons and phonons in material. Further, experimental verification is made using 0.2 ps laser pulses by micropatterning metal films for various applications.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures. This manuscript has been submitted to International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology
Tactile based Intelligence Touch Technology in IoT configured WCN in B5G/6G-A Survey
Creators: name: Gupta, Mantisha
name: Jha, Rakesh Kumar
name: Jain, Sanjeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Touch enabled sensation and actuation is expected to be one of the most promising, straightforward and important uses of the next generation communication networks. In B5G/6G need for low latency, the infrastructure should be reconfigurable and intelligent to be able to work in real time and interoperable with the existing wireless network. It has a drastic impact on the society due to its high precision, accuracy, reliability and efficiency and the ability to connect a user from far away or remote areas. Such a touch-enabled interaction is primarily concerned with the real time transmission of the tactile based haptic information over the internet, in addition to the usual audio, visual and data traffic, thus enabling a paradigm shift towards establishing a real time control and steering communication system. The existing system latency and overhead creates delays and limits the usability of the future applications. This study proposes an intelligent touch-enabled system for B5G/6G and IoT based wireless communication network that incorporates the AR/VR technologies. The tactile internet and network slicing serve as the backbone of the touch technology which incorporates intelligence from techniques such as AI/ML/DL. The survey introduces a layered and interfacing architecture complete with its E2E solution for the intelligent touch based wireless communication system. It is anticipated for the next generation system to provide numerous opportunities for various sectors utilizing AR/VR technology in robotics and healthcare facilities, all with the intention of helping in addressing severe problems faced by the society. Conclusively the article presents a few use cases concerning the deployment of touch infrastructure in automation and robotics as well as in intelligent healthcare systems, assisting in the diagnosis and treatment of the prevailing COVID-19 cases.
description: 54 pages, 22 figures, in IEEE Access (2022)
title: Refugee Refusals: Human Rights and Humanitarianism since 1948
Creators: name: Sharman, Bill
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: As Hannah Arendt anticipated in 1951, refugees have become a major issue in contemporary societies. Writing just three years after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights had been adopted in 1948, Arendt argued that refugees exposed a fundamental tension between universal human rights and the sovereignty of nation-states. For Arendt, human rights were an abstraction; the only real rights were those possessed by citizens.
Additional file 2 of Malaria prevalence in HIV-positive children, pregnant women, and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mirzohreh, Seyedeh-Tarlan
name: Safarpour, Hanieh
name: Pagheh, Abdol Sattar
name: Bangoura, Berit
name: Barac, Aleksandra
name: Ahmadpour, Ehsan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Summary score for methodological quality of analytic cross-sectional studies.
Fixing cosmological constant on the event horizon
Creators: name: Gogberashvili, Merab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard cosmological equations are written for the Hubble volume, while the real boundary of space-time is the event horizon. Within the unimodular and thermodynamic approaches to gravity, the dark energy term in cosmological equations appears as an integration constant, which we fix at the event horizon and obtain the observed value for the cosmological constant.
description: 5 pages, no figures
Comparison Between Simultaneous and Sequential Utilization of Safety and Efficacy for Optimal Dose Determination in Bayesian Model‑Assisted Designs
Creators: name: Li, Ran
name: Takeda, Kentaro
name: Rong, Alan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Simulation studies to comparison Between Simultaneous and Sequential Utilization of Safety and Efficacy for Optimal Dose Determination in Bayesian Model‑Assisted Designs
Additional file 3 of Malaria prevalence in HIV-positive children, pregnant women, and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mirzohreh, Seyedeh-Tarlan
name: Safarpour, Hanieh
name: Pagheh, Abdol Sattar
name: Bangoura, Berit
name: Barac, Aleksandra
name: Ahmadpour, Ehsan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Summary score for methodological quality of analytic case–control studies.
title: Ein vergessenes Jubiläum. Das „New York Protocol“ von 1967 jährte sich im Jahr 2017 zum fünfzigsten Mal
Creators: name: Schönhagen, Jakob
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: Fest steht auch: Unterforscht ist die internationale Flüchtlingspolitik mitnichten. Auffällig ist aber, dass die Bedeutung des Protokolls und seiner Entstehungsgeschichte eher konstatiert als wirklich nachgewiesen wird. Die 1950er und 1970er Jahre sind Stiefkinder der Flüchtlingsforschung. Dabei fand die Globalisierung der internationalen Flüchtlingshilfe gerade in diesen beiden Dekaden statt. Ihre bis heute gültigen Grundzüge formten sich erst in diesem Zeitraum aus. Es ist daher verkürzt, sich auf die Flüchtlingskonvention zu fokussieren und spätere Entwicklungen zu vernachlässigen: Diesem Verständnis nach leiteten nach dem Holocaust menschenrechtliche und universelle Motive die Schaffung der heutigen Strukturen. Es lohnt sich, dieses Bild zu korrigieren und die Komplexität des Entwicklungsprozesses näher zu beleuchten. Bis in die 1940er Jahre behandelte die internationale Gemeinschaft die Flüchtlingsfrage als eine Art Ausnahmezustand, als transitorisches Phänomen, überwiegend in Europa, und nicht als dauerhaftes globales Problem. Die Entwicklungen, an deren Ende eine dem Anspruch nach universelle Flüchtlingspolitik stand und die legalistisch im New York Protocol 1967 kulminierte, waren weitaus vielschichtiger.
Greenspace and mortality in the U.K. Biobank: Longitudinal cohort analysis of socio-economic, environmental, and biomarker pathways
Creators: name: Wan, S.
name: Roscoe, C.
name: James, P.
name: Ji, J.S.
name: Rojas-Rueda, D.
name: Pretty, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Exposure to natural greenspace benefits health through direct and indirect pathways: increasing physical activity, improving mental health, relieving social isolation, reducing exposure to extreme temperature, noise, and air pollution. Understanding the etiologic pathway of greenspace and health is needed. Here, we used a large cohort follow-up data from the U.K. Biobank to quantify the magnitude of behavioural factors, psychological factors, biomarkers/physiological measurements, co-morbid diseases, and environmental exposure as potential mediators in the relationship between greenspace and mortality. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) with Cox proportional hazards models, and undertook exploratory mediation analyses to quantify the relative contribution of five types of mediators. Our results indicate greenspace was strongly associated with lower mortality risks [per IQR of public greenspace (HR = 0.90 (95% CI 0.86-0.84)) and domestic gardens (HR = 0.91, (95% CI 0.88–0.94))]. The protective associations were especially pronounced among those with lower individual-level socioeconomic status or living in places with area-level deprivation. Exploratory mediation analysis detected benefits in pathways through reducing air pollution, relieving social isolation and depression, increased physical activity and time spent outdoor, better lung function (FEV1/FVC), and having higher serum vitamin D levels.
title: For the Formation of a Peaceful Future: Humanitarianism, Occupation, and a defeated Germany, 1945-1949
Creators: name: Heyden, Ryan
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: The adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 was a landmark event, encoding the lessons learned from five years of total war on the European continent. The debates over the universality and inalienability of rights that dominated the writing of the document brought together statesmen and -women from across the world. But, one state was conspicuously left out of this discussion: Germany. The defeated state’s exclusion was understandable given the violence, destruction, death, and genocide the Nazi regime had unleashed on the European continent from 1939 to 1945. In many ways, it was Germany’s waging of the Second World War and their perpetration of genocide that created the urgency for a document that codified the most basic rights of men and women in the immediate postwar years.
The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. II. Total Young Stellar Populations
Creators: name: Kuhn, Michael A.
name: Getman, Konstantin V.
name: Feigelson, Eric D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the intrinsic stellar populations (estimated total numbers of OB and pre-main-sequence stars down to 0.1 Mo) that are present in 17 massive star-forming regions (MSFRs) surveyed by the MYStIX project. The study is based on the catalog of >31,000 MYStIX Probable Complex Members with both disk-bearing and disk-free populations, compensating for extinction, nebulosity, and crowding effects. Correction for observational sensitivities is made using the X-ray Luminosity Function (XLF) and the near-infrared Initial Mass Function (IMF)--a correction that is often not made by infrared surveys of young stars. The resulting maps of the projected structure of the young stellar populations, in units of intrinsic stellar surface density, allow direct comparison between different regions. Several regions have multiple dense clumps, similar in size and density to the Orion Nebula Cluster. The highest projected density of ~34,000 stars/pc^2 is found in the core of the RCW38 cluster. Histograms of surface density show different ranges of values in different regions, supporting the conclusion of Bressert et al. (2010, B10) that no universal surface-density threshold can distinguish between clustered and distributed star-formation. However, a large component of the young stellar population of MSFRs resides in dense environments of 200-10,000 stars/pc^2 (including within the nearby Orion molecular clouds), and we find that there is no evidence for the B10 conclusion that such dense regions form an extreme "tail" of the distribution. Tables of intrinsic populations for these regions are used in our companion study of young cluster properties and evolution.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; 45 pages, 9 figures, and 3 tables. Supplemental materials from the online-version of this article, including a machine-readable table and "Data behind the Figure" (*.fits), are available at the public MYStIX website (http://astro.psu.edu/mystix/)
Vandetanib Blocks the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Mice
Creators: name: Pearce, K.H.
name: Gomes, G.F.
name: Moorman, N.J.
name: Lee-Montiel, F.
name: Puhl, A.C.
name: Hurst, B.L.
name: Baric, R.S.
name: Alves-Filho, J.C.
name: Dickmander, R.J.
name: Johnson, N.J.
name: Cunha, F.Q.
name: Ekins, S.
name: Fritch, E.J.
name: Levi, J.A.
name: Damasceno, S.
name: Cunha, T.M.
name: Fabro, A.T.
name: Batah, S.S.
name: Premkumar, L.
name: Veras, F.P.
name: Scholle, F.
name: Yount, B.L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The portfolio of SARS-CoV-2 small molecule drugs is currently limited to a handful that are either approved (remdesivir), emergency approved (dexamethasone, baricitinib, paxlovid, and molnupiravir), or in advanced clinical trials. Vandetanib is a kinase inhibitor which targets the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as well as the RET-tyrosine kinase. In the current study, it was tested in different cell lines and showed promising results on inhibition versus the toxic effect on A549-hACE2 cells (IC500.79 μM) while also showing a reduction of >3 log TCID50/mL for HCoV-229E. The in vivo efficacy of vandetanib was assessed in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and statistically significantly reduced the levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α and mitigated inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lungs of infected animals but did not reduce viral load. Vandetanib also decreased CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 compared to the infected animals. Vandetanib additionally rescued the decreased IFN-1β caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice to levels similar to that in uninfected animals. Our results indicate that the FDA-approved anticancer drug vandetanib is worthy of further assessment as a potential therapeutic candidate to block the COVID-19 cytokine storm.
Load balancing policies without feedback using timed replicas
Creators: name: Jinan, Rooji
name: Badita, Ajay
name: Bodas, Tejas
name: Parag, Parimal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dispatching policies such as the join shortest queue (JSQ), join smallest work (JSW) and their power of two variants are used in load balancing systems where the instantaneous queue length or workload information at all queues or a subset of them can be queried. In situations where the dispatcher has an associated memory, one can minimize this query overhead by maintaining a list of idle servers to which jobs can be dispatched. Recent alternative approaches that do not require querying such information include the cancel on start and cancel on complete based replication policies. The downside of such policies however is that the servers must communicate the start or completion of each service to the dispatcher and must allow cancellation of redundant copies. In practice, the requirements of query messaging, memory, and replica cancellation pose challenges in their implementation and their advantages are not clear. In this work, we consider load balancing policies that do not query load information, do not have a memory, and do not cancel replicas. Surprisingly, we were able to identify operating regimes where such policies have better performance when compared to some of the popular policies that utilize server feedback information. Our policies allow the dispatcher to append a timer to each job or its replica. A job or a replica is discarded if its timer expires before it starts receiving service. We analyze several variants of this policy which are novel, simple to implement, and also have remarkably good performance in some operating regimes, despite no feedback from servers to the dispatcher.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures