cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimization of stability and rheological robustness of cosmetic salt-containing lamellar gel phase emulsions
Creators: name: Bonnin, Lucile
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Haarfärbemittel
subject: Viskosimetrie
subject: 615

description: Der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, das physikalisch-chemische Verhalten eines klassischen Haarfärbesystems zu charakterisieren und die für die rheologische Instabilität verantwortlichen Schlüsselparameter zu identifizieren. Die Charakterisierung des klassischen ionischen Haarfärbesystems als auch die Optimierung der Formulierung und deren anschließende Charakterisierung wurden mittels rheologischer Messungen, mikroskopischer Beobachtungen, d. h. Kryo-TEM-, TEM, PL- und PC-Mikroskopie, DSC-Messungen und ATR-FTIR-Spektroskopie beurteilt. Als optimal erwies sich ein System, das aus PEG-2-Cetyl / Stearylether und PEG-50-Cetyl-/ Stearylether in Kombination mit Glycerylmonostearat und Cetearylalkohol besteht. Das optimierte System zeigte eine starke Abnahme der Viskositätsschwankungen im Zeitverlauf der Lagerung und unter Zugabe von Elektrolyten. Die verbesserten Systeme zeigen ein hohes Potential für den Einsatz als universelle Formulierungsgrundlage für salzartige Wirkstoffe.
description: The present work aimed to characterize the physicochemical behavior of classical hair coloration emulsions and identify the key-parameters responsible of their rheological instability. The characterization of the classical ionic hair coloring system and evaluation of the optimized nonionic one was done by means of rheological measurements, microscopic observations i.e. cryo-TEM, TEM, PL and PC microscopy, DSC measurements and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging. The optimal system was composed of PEG-2 cetyl/stearyl ether and PEG-50 cetyl/stearyl ether in combination with glyceryl monostearate and cetearyl alcohol forming a lamellar gel phase emulsion. It demonstrated a reduction of the viscosity fluctuations over time and under addition of the electrolytes. The improved systems showed a promising potential for being used as a universal carrier for salt-like actives. This study gave a closer-to-reality look on multi-component finish-goods, which are, as such, not studied in the literature.
title: War Losses (USA)
title: War Losses (USA)
Creators: name: Byerly, Carol R.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: USA
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Gefallener
subject: World War, 1914-1918--United States
subject: Casualties

description: American losses in World War I were modest compared to those of other belligerents, with 116,516 deaths and approximately 320,000 sick and wounded of the 4.7 million men who served. The USA lost more personnel to disease (63,114) than to combat (53,402), largely due to the influenza epidemic of 1918. Moreover, by applying knowledge that European physicians had acquired earlier in the war, Americans were able to mitigate losses from chemical weapons, shell shock, and infected gunshot and shrapnel wounds. The American response to war losses forged a new relationship between the government and military personnel and between the nation’s medical system and its military institutions.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The connection of Type II Spicules to the Corona
Creators: name: Judge, Philip G.
name: de Pontieu, Bart
name: McIntosh, Scott
name: Olluri, Kosovare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the hypothesis that plasma associated with "Type II" spicules is heated to coronal temperatures, and that the upward moving hot plasma constitutes a significant mass supply to the solar corona. 1D hydrodynamical models including time- dependent ionization are brought to bear on the problem. These calculations indicate that heating of field-aligned spicule flows should produce significant differential Doppler shifts between emission lines formed in the chromosphere, transition region, and corona. At present, observational evidence for the computed 60-90 km/s differential shifts is weak, but the data are limited by difficulties in comparing the proper motion of Type- II spicules, with spectral and kinematic properties of associated transition region and coronal emission lines. Future observations with the upcoming IRIS instrument should clarify if Doppler shifts are consistent with the dynamics modeled here.
description: Astrophysical Journal, in press
title: Wied, Wilhelm, Prinz zu
title: Wied, Wilhelm, Prinz zu
Creators: name: Frantz, Eva Anne
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wilhelm [I., Albanien, Fürst]
subject: Wied, Wilhelm, Prinz von, 1876-1945

description: Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich Prince of Wied, born to a German Protestant noble family, reigned briefly as Prince of Albania from 7 March 1914 until 3 September 1914. In addition to domestic issues and his lack of political experience, the outbreak of the First World War ended Wied’s short reign in Albania. After the war Wied unsuccessfully tried to achieve recognition of his rights to the Albanian throne.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands
title: Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands
Creators: name: Moeyes, Paul
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wilhelmina [Niederlande, Königin]
subject: Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands, 1880-1962

description: Queen Wilhelmina was by nature a forceful leader. The First World War showed that she lacked the meekness and patience that the head of a small neutral state required.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Nice to Be on the A-List
Creators: name: Kutsuna, Kenji
name: Hamao, Yasushi
name: Peek, Joe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Banks and banking

description: This study addresses an important shortcoming of most of the existing literature on credit availability by including a set of unlisted firms (which are the firms most likely to be bank dependent) in the analysis, and by investigating differences between the treatment of listed and unlisted firms by their lenders. We find evidence consistent with evergreening behavior by banks toward listed firms, consistent with prior studies. However, the more striking result is that banks appear to treat the smaller, unlisted firms differently, being much less willing to engage in evergreening behavior for these borrowers. The difference in treatment of unlisted firms relative to listed firms does not appear to be related to systematic differences in size between the two groups of firms. Thus, it appears that the distinguishing characteristic that determines whether a bank might evergreen loans to a firm is whether or not the firm is listed. Furthermore, this effect appears to be stronger for those firms listed on the more prestigious Tokyo Stock Exchange compared to firms listed on other exchanges; that is, being on the list (being listed) matters, and being on the A-list matters even more. Moreover, among listed firms, for which data on ownership by banks are available, a higher concentration of ownership of the firm by either the main bank or the firm’s top three lenders increases the likelihood of the firm obtaining increased loans, suggesting that bank ownership of the firm stimulates evergreening behavior to a greater degree.
Onset of chaos and relaxation in isolated systems of interacting spins-1/2: energy shell approach
Creators: name: Santos, L. F.
name: Borgonovi, F.
name: Izrailev, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the onset of chaos and statistical relaxation in two isolated dynamical quantum systems of interacting spins-1/2, one of which is integrable and the other chaotic. Our approach to identifying the emergence of chaos is based on the level of delocalization of the eigenstates with respect to the energy shell, the latter being determined by the interaction strength between particles or quasi-particles. We also discuss how the onset of chaos may be anticipated by a careful analysis of the Hamiltonian matrices, even before diagonalization. We find that despite differences between the two models, their relaxation process following a quench is very similar and can be described analytically with a theory previously developed for systems with two-body random interactions. Our results imply that global features of statistical relaxation depend on the degree of spread of the eigenstates within the energy shell and may happen to both integrable and non-integrable systems.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, version as published
Degradation of skin elastin in ageing and disease: an ex vivo quantitative proteomic approach
Creators: name: Mora Huertas, Angela Cristina
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften 610 Medizin und Gesundheit 615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Elastin spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Hautalterung. Diese Arbeit untersucht den Abbau von Elastin auf molekularer Ebene durch Bestimmung der enzymatischen Anfälligkeit und alterungsabhängigen Änderungen der hydrophoben Domainen, den Effekt der Hautalterung auf die Morphologie und Anfälligkeit gegenüber enzymatischem Abbau und die spezifischen Eigenschaften des Elastin von Patienten mit Williams-Beuren Syndrom (WBS). Label-free Quantification und statistische Methoden wurden benutzt. Der altersabhängige Verlust der Integrität der Elastinfasern hat unterschiedlichen Effekt auf die elastolytische Aktivität der Enzyme. Markerpeptide geben Informationen über die Alterung der Elastinfasern. Die extrinsische Alterung erhöht die enzymatische Anfälligkeit der N-terminalen und zentralen Region von Tropoelastin. Hautelastin von WBS Patienten weist eine höhere Anfälligkeit gegenüber enzymatischen Aktivitäten, eine geringere Prolin Hydroxylierung und eine verminderte Menge an Elastin auf.
description: The elastin degradation has a pivotal role during the skin ageing and Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). This thesis study the degradation of skin elastin at molecular level by evaluating the enzymatic susceptibility and age-related changes of its hydrophobic domains, and the effect of the skin ageing and WBS on their morphology and susceptibility towards enzymatic degradation. Label-free quantification and statistical analysis were applied. Thirteen domains of the tropoelastin (TE) are solvent exposed. The age-related loss of integrity of the fibrillar elastin has different influence on the elastolytic activity of the enzymes. Marker peptides give insights into the ageing of elastin fibres. The extrinsic ageing increases the enzymatic susceptibility of the N-terminal and central regions of the TE. Skin elastin fibres obtained from WBS patients differed from healthy donors in their high susceptibility to enzymatic cleavage, lower proline hydroxylation and diminished total amount of elastin.
Geometric properties of boundary sections of solutions to the Monge--Ampère equation and applications
Creators: name: Le, Nam Q.
name: Nguyen, Truyen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we establish several geometric properties of boundary sections of convex solutions to the Monge-Ampère equations: the engulfing and separating properties and volume estimates. As applications, we prove a covering lemma of Besicovitch type, a covering theorem and a strong type $p-p$ estimate for the maximal function corresponding to boundary sections. Moreover, we show that the Monge-Ampère setting forms a space of homogeneous type.
description: 24 pages
Non-linear contextual bandits
Creators: name: Chia, John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The multi-armed bandit framework can be motivated by any problem where there is an abundance of choice and the utility of trying something new must be balanced with that of going with the status quo. This is a trade-off that is present in the everyday problem of where and what to eat: should I try a new restaurant or go to that Chinese place on the corner? In this work, a multi-armed bandit algorithm is presented which uses a non-parametric non-linear data model (a Gaussian process) to solve problems of this sort. The advantages of this method over existing work is highlighted through experiments. The method is also capable of modelling correlations between separate instances of problems, e.g., between similar dishes at similar restaurants. To demonstrate this, a few experiments are performed. The first, a synthetic example where the reward function is actually sampled from a Gaussian process, begs the question but helps pin down the properties of the algorithm in a controlled environment. The second, a problem where the objective is to aim a cannon at a distant target, shows how a well-defined objective, i.e., hit the target, can be used to speed up convergence. Finally, the third, an experiment with photographic post-processing, shows how the algorithm can learn from experience. The experiments demonstrate both the flexibility and the computational complexity of the model. This complexity means that problems such as the aforementioned restaurant problem, among others, are still future work.
title: Women's Mobilization for War (South East Europe)
title: Women's Mobilization for War (South East Europe)
Creators: name: Mladenović, Božica
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Europa
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Frau
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Balkan Peninsula
subject: Women

description: This article presents the role of women in South East Europe during World War I (1914-1918). Changing circumstances forced women to live behind the front lines in wartime. Because men involved in the war were absent, women engaged in hard labor in order to provide for their families. Women were also present at the front, serving as doctors, nurses, and combatants in Serbia and on the Salonika front. Also, the paper discusses briefly the situation in Montenegro and Bulgaria.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Differences in Breast Cancer Survival by Molecular Subtypes in a Single Treating Centre
Creators: name: Shridevi Subramaniam
name: Nadiah Saat
name: Bustamam, Ros Suzana Ahmad
name: Nor Azham Hakim Darail
name: Nor Aina Emran
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Breast cancer; premenopausal; postmenopausal; molecular subtypes

description: Introduction: Breast cancer is divided into various molecular subtypes including luminal, HER2 and basal type. This study aims to determine survival by molecular subtype of pre- and post-menopausal patients with breast cancer. Method: This retrospective study included 1234 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between years 2011 until 2015. Subtypes of breast cancer were categorized into 4 groups; Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-overexpressed and Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). The impact of overall survival (OS) was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and significance was assessed using the log-rank test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total 1234 breast cancer women were included in this study. Median age among premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 44 and 59 years respectively. Total of 799 patients (64.7%) were still alive after a mean follow-up of 7.4 years (95% CI: 7.2-7.6). Higher OS was found in Luminal A both in premenopausal and in postmenopausal patients (76.8% and 64.2%). Lowest OS was found in both premenopausal and postmenopausal HER2-overexpressed patients (52.8% and 51.2%). Conclusion: HER2-overexpressed breast cancer is associated with lowest survival in both preand postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
title: Wilson, Woodrow
title: Wilson, Woodrow
Creators: name: Benbow, Mark E.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wilson, Woodrow
subject: Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924

description: Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the twenty-eighth President of the United States (1913-1921). Wilson unsuccessfully attempted to bring the belligerents to the negotiating table, but in 1917 reluctantly concluded that the U.S. should join the war as an “Associated Power.” His attempts to create a lasting peace created the League of Nations, but failed to prevent another world war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The Future of Conflict . . . and Everything Else
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: International relations
War
Conflict management
Postwar reconstruction
Violence

description: Each summer, the Hertog Global Strategy Initiative in the Department of History at Columbia University brings renowned experts and policy makers to Columbia University to deliver weekly public lectures and work with students in the program. The topic of the summer 2012 lecture series is "The History and Future of Religious Violence and Apocalyptic Movements." Dr. David Kilcullen is a non-resident senior fellow and former senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security. The founding president and CEO of Caerus Associates LLC, a strategic design consultancy with a focus on the overlapping problems of conflict, climate change, energy, health, and governance, Dr. Kilcullen also serves as an advisor to NATO and a consultant to the U.S. and allied governments, international institutions, industry and NGOs, in conflict and post-conflict environments and the developing world. He is also an adjunct professor at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University.
title: Visualization of Violence
title: Visualization of Violence
Creators: name: Connelly, Mark
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Berichterstattung
subject: Propaganda
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Propaganda
subject: Press

description: This piece explores the visualisation of violence for home front audiences and shows that violence was often hinted at very strongly, but the actual act was avoided. All home front audiences were aware of the effects of violence through visual media, but were very rarely exposed to the actual details of combat due to the technical difficulties of recording the moment of engagement and sensitivity over exposing people to the deaths of potentially identifiable individuals. The piece also shows that the effect of violence was often sublimated through allegorical images which hinted at the Crucifixion.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Interview with Peter Brown re: XEMAG
Creators: name: Aycock, John
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2020
Subjects: interview, duplication, copy protection

description: This is an interview with Peter Brown, conducted via email between June 29–July 7, 2020. He worked for XEMAG, a service company that provided software duplication and copy protection for, among others, the game company Activision.
title: Warfare 1914-1918
title: Warfare 1914-1918
Creators: name: Philpott, William
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kriegführung
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Warfare

description: Static “trench warfare” belied a dynamic transformation in warfare between 1914 and 1918. Every army grappled with the same issues: how to end a strategic stalemate occasioned by their ability to draw on huge manpower reserves to refill their ranks; how to operate on an industrialised, technological battlefield supplied by fully-mobilized home fronts; and, tactically, how to overcome fixed defensive systems supported by concentrated firepower. By 1918 attrition emerged as the solution. New forms of operational science changed the nature of command, control and doctrine in “modern” armies and combined-arms tactics developed to allow progress across the fortified battlefield.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Inward FDI in Russia and its policy context, 2012
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Alexey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Finance
Commerce

description: Russia is potentially an attractive host economy for foreign direct investment (FDI), mainly due to its large market and rich natural resources. The Government has, however, been unable to make the radical changes needed in the country's investment climate for attracting FDI on a scale and to a range of industries in line with Russia's potential. Nevertheless, oil and gas, power generation and motor vehicles industries, as well as wholesale and retail trade and several other industries have recently received new and significant FDI. After a steep decline in 2008, inward FDI (IFDI) stock recovered, to reach US$ 491 billion in 2010, although there was a moderate fall again in 2011.  IFDI flows fell considerably in 2009 but rose to US$43 billion in 2010 and US$ 53 billion in 2011.  In 2008–2010, the largest number of significant greenfield projects were in power generation. Large mergers and acquisitions (M&As) took place in various industries, but the size of the largest deals was usually smaller in 2010 than in 2008 and 2009. High levels of corruption, lack of competition and a distorted dialogue between the state, business and society are main barriers to the rapid growth of inward FDI. The recent global financial and economic crisis has revealed weaknesses of the Russian model of development in the 2000s. It is doubtful whether the efforts currently under way by the Russian Government to "repair" the existing model without political and economic reforms will lead toward a major improvement of the investment climate as only slight changes are being made (e. g., the improvement of the Russian migration regime and the development of special economic zones). However, the federal elections in 2012 could lead to more efficient steps, although it is difficult to predict the scale of probable positive shifts in the investment climate.
Experimentally Violating Bell Inequalities Without Complete Reference Frames
Creators: name: Palsson, Matthew S.
name: Wallman, Joel J.
name: Bennet, Adam J.
name: Pryde, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate, using qubits encoded in photon polarization, that if two parties share a single reference direction and use locally orthogonal measurements they will always violate a Bell inequality, up to experimental deficiencies. This contrasts with the standard view of Bell inequalities in which the parties need to share a complete reference frame for their measurements. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that as the reference direction degrades the probability of violating a Bell inequality decreases smoothly to (39.7 +/- 0.1) % in the limiting case that the observers do not share a reference direction. This result promises simplified distribution of entanglement between separated parties, with applications in fundamental investigations of quantum physics and tasks such as quantum communication.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
A paper archive of everything written: Ulisse Aldrovandi's Pandechion Epistemonicon
Creators: name: Kramer, Fabian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: History

description: The ongoing discussions on the effects that the use of humanist reading and note taking practices, notably commonplacing, had on the composition of scholarly texts in the late Renaissance have transformed the way we think about the history of natural history and other early modern learned activities that relied on the respective "paper technologies", to use Anke te Heesen's term. Te Heesen stresses the importance of the materiality of paper: together with the special tools that typically go with it, she argues, paper can perform certain tasks that other materials are unable to perform. It thus came to be intimately bound to note taking in two senses – taking note of as well as taking notes on something.
Ex vivo and in vitro characterization of natural killer cell functions and receptor expression profiles in obesity
Creators: name: Naujoks, Wiebke
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Adipositas ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für mehrere Krebsarten verbunden. Darüber hinaus wurde beschrieben, dass die NK-Zell-Funktionalität unter Adipositas beeinträchtigt ist. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einfluss des Körpergewichts auf die NK-Zellrezeptorausstattung und auf die NK-Zellzytotoxizität gegenüber Darm- und Brustkrebszellen bei Mäusen und Menschen zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden C57BL/6-Mäuse zur Induktion einer Adipositas mit einer fettreichen Diät gefüttert oder erhielten eine fettarme Diät unter restriktiven und ad libitum Ernährungsregimen. Im Rahmen der Humanstudie wurden mononukleäre Zellen des peripheren Blutes aus gesunden normalgewichtigen, übergewichtigen und adipösen Blutspendern isoliert. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert zum einen neue Erkenntnisse zum Einfluss einer fettreichen Ernährung auf die Eigenschaften der NK-Zellen bei Mäusen. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Daten einen veränderten NK-Zellphänotyp, eine stark beeinträchtigte NK-Zell-Effektorfunktion gegen Darmkrebszellen, sowie Veränderungen der NK-Zell-Subpopulationen bei adipösen und übergewichtigen Individuen. Diese beobachteten Veränderungen und Dysfunktionen von NK-Zellen können zur Aufklärung des höheren Darmkrebsrisikos bei Adipositas beitragen.
description: Obesity is associated with an increased risk for several cancer types and an impairment of the functionality of natural killer (NK) cells. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the body weight on NK cell receptor profiles and on NK cell cytotoxicity against colorectal and breast cancer cells in mice and humans. Therefore, C57BL/6 mice received a high-fat diet to induce obesity or a normal-fat diet under restrictive and ad libitum feeding regimes. In the human study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from normal weight, overweight and obese healthy blood donors. The present study gives new insights into the influence of high-fat feeding on NK cell characteristics in mice. Furthermore, data revealed an altered NK cell phenotype, an impaired NK cell effector function against colon cancer cells, and NK cell subset alterations in obese and overweight individuals. These NK cell alterations and dysfunction might be an explanation for the higher colorectal cancer risk in obesity.
Robustness Against Extinction by Stochastic Sex Determination in Small Populations
Creators: name: Schneider, David M.
name: Carmo, Eduardo do
name: Bar-Yam, Yaneer
name: de Aguiar, Marcus A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sexually reproducing populations with small number of individuals may go extinct by stochastic fluctuations in sex determination, causing all their members to become male or female in a generation. In this work we calculate the time to extinction of isolated populations with fixed number $N$ of individuals that are updated according to the Moran birth and death process. At each time step, one individual is randomly selected and replaced by its offspring resulting from mating with another individual of opposite sex; the offspring can be male or female with equal probability. A set of $N$ time steps is called a generation, the average time it takes for the entire population to be replaced. The number k of females fluctuates in time, similarly to a random walk, and extinction, which is the only asymptotic possibility, occurs when k=0 or k=N. We show that it takes only one generation for an arbitrary initial distribution of males and females to approach the binomial distribution. This distribution, however, is unstable and the population eventually goes extinct in 2^N/N generations. We also discuss the robustness of these results against bias in the determination of the sex of the offspring, a characteristic promoted by infection by the bacteria Wolbachia in some arthropod species or by temperature in reptiles.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Impossible Flow: For Mixed Octet
Creators: name: Lehman, Stephen Hart
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Music

description: 2 Woodwinds: Flute; Bb Clarinet; 2 Brass: Tenor Trombone; French Horn in F
1 Piano; 1 Double Bass with C Extension and Amplifier; 1 Drum Set (Kick Drum, Snare, Piccolo Snare, Hi-Hat, Crash Cymbal, T aped Splash Cymbal, Ride Cymbal); 1 Percussion: 1 Player (Crotales (Chromatic Set), Low and Medium Gong, Vibraphone)
Systematic Reviews Workshop Series - Lesson plans
Creators: name: Premji, Zahra A.
name: Hayden, Katharine Alix
Publisher: name: Libraries and Cultural Resources
Year: 2020
Subjects: Systematic Reviews
Workshop series
Lesson plan

description: These are the lesson plans for each of the 3 workshops that make up the Systematic Reviews workshop series. Initially developed in Spring/Summer 2019, and adapted for the Zoom environment in 2020.
title: July Crisis 1917 (Russian Empire)
title: July Crisis 1917 (Russian Empire)
Creators: name: Peeling, Siobhan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Russland
subject: Geschichte 1917
subject: Soviet Union--History--Revolution, 1917-1921

description: In July 1917, economic chaos and unpopular preparations for military action provoked armed demonstrations by workers and troops demanding the Petrograd Soviet take power from Russia’s Provisional Government. The uprising failed and reprisals were unleashed against its Bolshevik leaders, who quickly gained fresh support among the radicalised urban masses.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
EXAMINING EMERGENT BEHAVIOR IN SUPPORT OF CYBER OPERATIONAL PREPARATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Creators: name: Beard, David
Publisher: name: Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: model-based systems engineering
Monterey Phoenix
cyber
operations
NIST Cybersecurity Framework

description: The primary goal of Cyber Operational Preparation of the Environment (C-OPE) is to enhance commanders' decision-making capability by providing detailed situational awareness of the operational environment. However, current cyberspace methodologies and technologies often fail to realize this goal due to the complex nature of cyberspace operations and the need for advanced, scalable military capabilities. This research seeks to improve commanders' situational awareness of the cyber operational environment by evaluating the efficacy of Monterey Phoenix (MP) in performing C-OPE activities. Specifically, this study performs emergent behavior analysis to examine MP's potential to enhance commanders' understanding, decision-making, and situational awareness. The research reconstructs the cybersecurity operations process as detailed in the Information Assurance and Computer Defense "Autoimmunity Playbook for Information Brokers: Autoimmunity Analysis of Submitted Cyber Threat Information." The research is presented through the lens of systems engineering, enabling the results to be contextualized within the cyber operational environment. The results of this study provide detailed examples and recommendations to USCYBERCOM's planners, analysts, and decision-makers on the use of MP as a tool for C-OPE activities and its potential to enhance situational awareness of the operational environment.
A Novel Method to Identify AGNs Based on Emission Line Excess and the Nature of Low-luminosity AGNs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: I - A Novel Method
Creators: name: Tanaka, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We develop a novel technique to identify active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and study the nature of low-luminosity AGNs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This is the first part of a series of papers and we develop a new, sensitive method to identify AGNs in this paper. An emission line luminosity in a spectrum is a sum of a star formation component and an AGN component (if present). We demonstrate that an accurate estimate of the star formation component can be achieved by fitting model spectra, generated with a recent stellar population synthesis code, to a continuum spectrum. By comparing the observed total line luminosity with that attributed to star formation, we can tell whether a galaxy host an AGN or not. We compare our method with the commonly used emission line diagnostics proposed by Baldwin et al. (1981; hereafter BPT). Our method recovers the same star formation/AGN classification as BPT for 85% of the strong emission line objects, which comprise 43% of our sample. A unique feature of our method is its sensitivity: it is applicable to 78% of the sample. We further make comparisons between our method and BPT using stacked spectra and selection in X-ray and radio wavelengths. We show that, while the method suffers from incompleteness and contamination as any AGN identification methods do, it is overall a sensitive method to identify AGNs. Another unique feature of the method is that it allows us to subtract emission line luminosity due to star formation and extract intrinsic AGN luminosity. We will make a full use of these features to study the nature of low-luminosity AGNs in Paper-II.
description: 21 pages, 22 figures, PASJ in press. Minor changes
title: Troelstra, Pieter Jelles
title: Troelstra, Pieter Jelles
Creators: name: Moeyes, Paul
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Troelstra, Pieter Jelles
subject: Troelstra, Pieter Jelles, 1860-1930

description: Troelstra was a charismatic socialist leader who overestimated his influence and called for a socialist revolution in November 1918. His call was ignored and after suffering a nervous breakdown, he re-entered parliament.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Dosso's Ambiguity
Creators: name: Koos, Marianne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Art

description: In recent years ambiguity has become a matter of great interest among scholars of early modern visual art. While the declared goal of humanistically-oriented iconology was to determine a painting's "one and real" meaning from a historical point of view, the idea has come to be accepted today that many works of Renaissance art do not correspond to this unequivocalness, but are rather open, many-sided and semantically highly ambiguous. This ambiguity may be diverse and may apply equally to the illusioned content, the relationship between the painting and the viewer or the technical dimension that yields the picture as such. Taking a work of art out of its original context as well as historical distance may considerably intensify latent qualities of ambiguity. It seems to me to be essential, however, to distinguish two basic forms of ambiguity: on the one hand, the general openness of the meaning of an image, as, for example, described by so diverse authors like Umberto Eco, Theodore W. Adorno or Hans Blumenberg as being a valid quality and a normative category of every work of art. And on the other hand, the ambiguity that is deliberately produced by artists, created by the omission of significant attributes, the use of equivocal symbols or the addition of extraneous motives. As stressed by Valeska von Rosen in her recent publication on Caravaggio, this "intended (structural or strategic) ambiguity" is a phenomenon discussed since antiquity under the terms of "amphibolia" or "obscuritas". Early modern Italian art theory, however, which sought first and foremost to define norms for the effective visual conversion of a more or less  clearly defined content, did not deal explicitly and dominantly with visual ambiguity.
title: African American Soldiers (USA)
title: African American Soldiers (USA)
Creators: name: McDaniels III, Pellom
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: USA
subject: Schwarze
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: World War, 1914-1918--African Americans

description: The beginning of the First World War signaled a rise in tensions within the United States over the meaning of democracy and the role of the democratic nation-state in the defense of both the human and civil rights of African Americans. The question of how a country that based its very existence on freedom, liberty and justice could defend its systematic and legal abuse of twelve million of its own citizens, while at the same time claiming to defend the free world against German imperialism, became a central issue in the decision of African Americans to support the national effort.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Bereavement and Mourning (Belgium)
title: Bereavement and Mourning (Belgium)
Creators: name: Ypersele, Laurence Van
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Belgien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Gefallener
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Belgium
subject: Casualties

description: World War I claimed the lives of approximately 60,000 Belgian civilians and soldiers. Belgium was uniquely situated in the middle of the conflict and suffered civilian massacres in August 1914 and the occupation of the territory up to 1918. All of these factors had a direct impact on mourning rites both during and after the war. The renewal of mourning rites such as funeral masses in occupied Belgium, the invention of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, and national funerals for patriots after the war shows an equal consideration for civilian and military deaths.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Conditional Chow-Liu Tree Structures for Modeling Discrete-Valued Vector Time Series
Creators: name: Kirshner, Sergey
name: Smyth, Padhraic
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Meteorology

description: We consider the problem of modeling discrete-valued vector time series data using extensions of Chow-Liu tree models to capture both dependencies across time and dependencies across variables. We introduce conditional Chow-Liu tree models, an extension to standard Chow-Liu trees, for modeling conditional rather than joint densities. We describe learning algorithms for such models and show how they can be used to learn parsimonious representations for the output distributions in hidden Markov models. We illustrate how these models can be applied to the important problem of simulating and forecasting daily precipitation occurrence for networks of rain stations. To illustrate the effectiveness of the models, we compare their performance versus a number of alternatives using historical precipitation data from Southwestern Australia and the Western United States. We illustrate how the structure and parameters of the models can be used to provide an improved meteorological interpretation of such data.
title: Bereavement and Mourning (Great Britain)
title: Bereavement and Mourning (Great Britain)
Creators: name: Jalland, Patricia
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Großbritannien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Gefallener
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Great Britain
subject: Casualties

description: This article provides a synthesis of research on bereavement and mourning in Britain during the First World War and its aftermath in the historical context of changing British mourning practices from the 1860s to the 1960s. The First World War had a profound impact on attitudes and practices relating to death, bereavement and mourning in Britain after 1914. There was a gradual shift away from a dominant Christian culture of acceptance of death and more open expression of grief in the 1860s to a more secular culture of suppressed private mourning and public commemoration after 1914.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Measurements of the dependence of the photon-number distribution on the number of modes in parametric down-conversion
Creators: name: Dovrat, L.
name: Bakstein, M.
name: Istrati, D.
name: Shaham, A.
name: Eisenberg, H. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical parametric down-conversion (PDC) is a central tool in quantum optics experiments. The number of collected down-converted modes greatly affects the quality of the produced photon state. We use Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) number-resolving detectors in order to directly observe the photon-number distribution of a PDC source, and show its dependence on the number of collected modes. Additionally, we show how the stimulated emission of photons and the partition of photons into several modes determine the overall photon number. We present a novel analytical model for the optical crosstalk effect in SiPM detectors, and use it to analyze the results.
Object persistence in 3D for home robotics
Creators: name: Alimi, Parnian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This document presents an interactive pipeline for collecting, labelling and re-recognizing movable objects in home-like environments. Inspired by the fact that a human child learns about a movable object by observing it moving from time to time, and memorizes its name once a name is associated with it, we have designed an object persistence system which performs similar tasks based on change detection. We utilize 3D registration and change detection systems in order to distinguish foreground from the background. Focusing on the dynamic objects (from different vantage points) and interactively asking the user for labels, endows our system with a database of labeled object segments, which further is used for multi-view instance recognition. We have expanded the temporal interval logic to 3D bounding boxes in order to aggregate regions that contain foreground dynamic objects, and simultaneously update our model of the background. The object segments are extracted by removing the background. Finally the objects are matched to the existing database of objects and if no match is present the user will be prompted to provide a label. To demonstrate the capabilities of our system, an inexpensive RGB-D sensor (Kinect) is used to collect 3D point clouds. Results show that for tabletop scenes, our approach is able to effectively separate object regions from background, and that objects can be successfully modelled and recognized during system operation.
UMUMIY O'RTA TA'LIM MUASSASASINING MOLIYAVIY XO'JALIK FAOLIYATINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH BO'YICHA MAVJUD MUAMMOLAR VA IMKONIYATLAR
Creators: name: Miskinova, Dilfuza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada umumiy o'rta ta'lim muassasalarining moliyaviy-xo'jalik faoliyatini takomillashtirish masalalari o'rganilgan. Mavjud muammolar tahlil qilinib, moliyaviy boshqaruvning samaradorligini oshirish va resurslardan oqilona foydalanish bo'yicha tavsiyalar berilgan. Tadqiqot natijasida maktablarning moliyaviy mustaqilligini oshirish, byudjetdan tashqari mablag'larni jalb qilish va moliyaviy shaffoflikni ta'minlash bo'yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
title: Bereavement and Mourning (South East Europe)
title: Bereavement and Mourning (South East Europe)
Creators: name: Pintar, Olga Manojlovic
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Südosteuropa
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kollektives Gedächtnis
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Balkan Peninsula

description: The Great War impacted the lives of almost every family in South East Europe. Unable to properly mourn the bodies of their loved ones who died at the front far from home, survivors combined traditional grieving practices with newly invented forms of honoring dead soldiers. Inscribing the names of the fallen on memory plaques and monuments and maintaining military graveyards represented specific ways of grieving and preserving the memory of the fallen within the community during the initial postwar years.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Open seeds by OLS: A virtual mentoring & training program for open science ambassadors
Creators: name: Eranti, Pradeep
name: Yehudi, Yo
name: El-Gebali, Sara
name: Batut, Bérénice
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Open Life Science (OLS) offers Open Seeds, a 16-week training and mentoring program to enable researchers and their teams to lead open research projects in their respective domains and become open science ambassadors for their communities. With the combination of practical training and 1:1 support from our mentors, we guide participants to reflect on and apply open practices in the context of the socio-cultural environment where they conduct their research. Participants join the program with an open science project. They attend cohort calls to learn about open science practices and frameworks to apply hands-on open science skills including FAIR research principles and equitable and inclusive community practices. In mentoring calls every alternating week, they reflect on their progress and identify the next steps. To strengthen their skills, program graduates can re-join subsequent cohorts as mentors, call facilitators, and expert speakers. We offer micro-grants, live transcription, and other resources to make the program inclusive and accessible.

 Since 2020, we have run 7 cohorts and trained >300 participants from 6 continents, across 50+ low- and middle- (LMICs), and high-income countries (HICs), with the help of 120+ mentors and 150+ experts.

 This poster will describe the various aspects of the program and highlight all materials (including speaker deck, recorded videos, assignment materials, and organizational processes) that are shared openly utilizing FAIR practices.