cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D in incident nephrotic syndrome: a Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium study
Creators: name: Troost, Jonathan P.
name: Brophy, Patrick D.
name: Gipson, Debbie S.
name: Pais, Priya
name: Seifert, Michael E.
name: Kiessling, Stefan G.
name: Shatat, Ibrahim F.
name: Selewski, David T.
name: Nelson, Raoul D.
name: Ferris, Maria E.
name: Geier, Pavel
name: Straatmann, Caroline E.
name: Quiroga, Alejandro
name: Mahan, John D.
name: Greenbaum, Larry A.
name: Chen, Ashton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Cross-sectional studies of children with prevalent nephrotic syndrome (NS) have shown 25-vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency rates of 20–100 %. Information on 25(OH)D status in incident patients or following remission is limited. This study aimed to assess 25(OH)D status of incident idiopathic NS children at presentation and longitudinally with short-term observation.
Inflation as de Sitter instability
Creators: name: Cadoni, Mariano
name: Franzin, Edgardo
name: Mignemi, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider cosmological inflation generated by a scalar field slowly rolling off from a de Sitter maximum of its potential. The models belong to the class of hilltop models and represent the most general model of this kind in which the scalar potential can be written as the sum of two exponentials. The minimally coupled Einstein-scalar gravity theory obtained in this way is the cosmological version of a two-scale generalization of known holographic models, allowing for solitonic solutions interpolating between an AdS spacetime in the infrared and scaling solutions in the ultraviolet. We then investigate cosmological inflation in the slow-roll approximation. Our model reproduces correctly, for a wide range of its parameters, the most recent experimental data for the power spectrum of primordial perturbations. Moreover, it predicts inflation at energy scales of four to five orders of magnitude below the Planck scale. At the onset of inflation, the mass of the tachyonic excitation, i.e. of the inflaton, turns out to be seven to eight orders of magnitude smaller than the Planck mass.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Matches published version
Phonon drag thermopower in graphene in equipartition regime
Creators: name: Koniakhin, S. V.
name: Eidelman, E. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This letter calculates the contribution of electron-phonon interaction to thermoelectric effects in graphene. One considers the case of free standing graphene taking into account interaction with intrinsic acoustic phonons. The temperatures considered range from liquid nitrogen to the room level. It has turned out that the contribution to thermoelectromotive force due to electron drag by phonons is determined by the Fermi energy in the sample and phonon relaxation time. The explicit temperature dependence of the contribution to thermoelectromotive force deriving from by phonons is weak in contrast to that due to diffusion, which is directly proportional to temperature. The dependence obtained suggests that at the temperatures considered, a high carrier concentration and for samples with a high thermal conductivity, the phonon drag contribution can become dominant. Thus a theoretical limit has been established for a possible increase of the thermoelectromotive force through electron drag by the intrinsic phonons of graphene.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Supplemental online material - Learning to Cycle Appendix 2
Creators: name: Mercê, Cristiana
name: Davids, Keith
name: Catela, David
name: Branco, Marco
name: Correia, Vanda
name: Cordovil, Rita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Children's literature
Child and adolescent development
Public transport
Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified
Sport and leisure management

description: Cycling is a foundational movement skill which represents an important motor milestone to achieve in children’s lives. The use of a bicycle with training wheels is the most common approach for learning how to cycle, although some evidence suggests that this approach is counterproductive. Underpinned by an ecological perspective and Constraints-led approach, this study investigated whether learning how to ride a conventional bicycle in childhood can be shaped by the specific task constraints related to the kind of training bicycle used beforehand (i.e., balance bike or bicycle with training wheels). This comparison could guide pedagogical practice to facilitate children’s learning in cycling and their independent riding. The Learning to Cycle intervention programme was introduced to 25 children (M = 6.08±1.19 years) who could not previously cycle, divided into two treatment groups. One group trained with a bicycle with training wheels (BTW) and another with a balance bicycle (BB) for six sessions, followed by four sessions with a conventional bicycle (CB). The acquisition of independent cycling was assessed, based on established cycle learning milestone achievements, without help: (i) self-launch, (ii) riding for at least 10 (consecutive) metres, and (iii), braking. To be considered an independent rider, participants needed to achieve all these milestones, without any external help. During the CB sessions, the number of sessions that each child needed to acquire each learning milestone and independent cycling were recorded. The programme led to a success rate of 88% for achievement of independent cycling on a conventional bicycle, differentiated by 100% success in the BB group and 75% in the BTW group. The BB participants were significantly faster in learning to self-launch, ride, brake, and cycle independently, compared to BTW participants. The Learning to Cycle programme was effective for facilitating learning in children from three years of age onwards. Using the BB instead of the BTW seems to lead to a more effective and efficient acquisition of independent cycling at earlier ages.
Reconsidering the Effects of Local Star Formation On Type Ia Supernova Cosmology
Creators: name: Jones, David O.
name: Riess, Adam G.
name: Scolnic, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies found a correlation with $\sim$3 sigma significance between the local star formation measured by GALEX in Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) host galaxies and the distances or dispersions derived from these SNe. We search for these effects by using data from recent cosmological analyses to greatly increase the SN Ia sample; we include 179 GALEX-imaged SN Ia hosts with distances from the JLA and Pan-STARRS SN Ia cosmology samples and 157 GALEX-imaged SN Ia hosts with distances from the Riess et al. (2011) H$_0$ measurement. We find little evidence that SNe Ia in locally star-forming environments are fainter after light curve correction than SNe Ia in locally passive environments. We find a difference of only 0.000$\pm$0.018 (stat+sys) mag for SNe fit with SALT2 and 0.029$\pm$0.027 (stat+sys) mag for SNe fit with MLCS2k2 (R$_V$ = 2.5), which suggests that proposed changes to recent measurements of H$_0$ and w are not significant and numerically smaller than the parameter measurement uncertainties. We find the greatly reduced significance of these distance modulus differences compared to Rigault et al. (2013) and Rigault et al. (2015) result from two improvements with fairly equal effects, our larger sample size and the use of JLA and Riess et al. (2011) sample selection criteria. Without these improvements, we recover the results of Rigault et al. (2015). We find that both populations have more similar dispersion in distance than found by Rigault et al. (2013), Rigault et al. (2015), and Kelly et al. (2015), with slightly smaller dispersion for locally passive SNe Ia fit with MLCS, the opposite of the effect seen by Rigault et al. (2015) and Kelly et al. (2015). We caution that measuring local SNe Ia environments in the future may require a higher-resolution instrument than GALEX and that SN sample selection has a significant effect on local star formation biases.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, accepted to ApJ
Sex differences in obesity incidence: 20-year prospective cohort in South Africa: Obesity incidence in S. African children
Creators: name: Adair,
name: Norris,
name: Richter,
name: Lundeen,
name: Stein,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Prospective data spanning childhood and adolescence are needed to better understand obesity incidence among children and to identify important periods for intervention.
Chirality Hall Effect in Weyl Semimetals
Creators: name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
name: Pan, Hui
name: Zhang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize a semiclassical theory and use the argument of angular momentum conservation to examine the ballistic transport in lightly-doped Weyl semimetals, taking into account various phase-space Berry curvatures. We predict universal transverse shifts of the wave-packet center in transmission and reflection, perpendicular to the direction in which the Fermi energy or velocities change adiabatically. The anomalous shifts are opposite for electrons with different chirality, and can be made imbalanced by breaking inversion symmetry. We discuss how to utilize local gates, strain effects, and circularly polarized lights to generate and probe such a chirality Hall effect.
Measurement of particle motion in optical tweezers embedded in a Sagnac interferometer
Creators: name: Galinskiy, Ivan
name: Isaksson, Oscar
name: Salgado, Israel Rebolledo
name: Hautefeuille, Mathieu
name: Mehlig, Bernhard
name: Hanstorp, Dag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed a counterpropagating optical tweezers setup embedded in a Sagnac interferometer in order to increase the sensitivity of position tracking for particles in the geometrical optics regime. Enhanced position determination using a Sagnac interferometer has previously been described theoretically by Taylor et al. [Journal of Optics 13, 044014 (2011)] for Rayleigh-regime particles trapped in an antinode of a standing wave. We have extended their theory to a case of arbitrarily-sized particles trapped with orthogonally-polarized counterpropagating beams. The working distance of the setup was sufficiently long to optically induce particle oscillations orthogonally to the axis of the tweezers with an auxiliary laser beam. Using these oscillations as a reference, we have experimentally shown that Sagnac-enhanced back focal plane interferometry is capable of providing an improvement of more than 5 times in the signal-to-background ratio, corresponding to a more than 30-fold improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio. The experimental results obtained are consistent with our theoretical predictions. In the experimental setup, we used a method of optical levitator-assisted liquid droplet delivery in air based on commercial inkjet technology, with a novel method to precisely control the size of droplets.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Understanding the Pointer States
Creators: name: Brasil, Carlos Alexandre
name: de Castro, Leonardo Andreta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum mechanics, pointer states are eigenstates of the observable of the measurement apparatus that represent the possible positions of the display pointer of the equipment. The origin of this concept lies in attempts to fill the blanks in the Everett's relative-state interpretation, and to make it a fully valid description of physical reality. To achieve this, it was necessary to consider not only the main system interacting with the measurement apparatus (like von Neumann and Everett did) but also the role of the environment in eliminating correlations between different possible measurements when interacting with the measurement apparatus. The interaction of the environment with the main system (and the measurement apparatus) is the core of the decoherence theory, which followed Everett's thesis. In this article, we review the measurement process according to von Neumann, Everett's relative state interpretation, the purpose of decoherence and some of its follow-up until Wojciech Zurek's primordial paper that consolidated the concept of pointer state, previously presented by Heinz Dieter Zeh. Employing a simple physical model consisting of a pair of two-level systems -- one representing the main system, the other the measurement apparatus -- and a thermal bath -- representing the environment -- we show how pointer states emerge, explaining its contributions to the question of measurement in quantum mechanics, as well as its limitations. Finally, we briefly show some of its consequences. This paper is accessible to readers with elementary knowledge about quantum mechanics, on the level of graduate courses.
description: 29 pages (20 for main text and references, 9 for appendices)
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the Jonkershoek 14B station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Fynbos Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Jonkershoek
Meteorological
Tipping bucket rain gauge
Rainfall
air temperature

description: This package contains supporting information for the meteorological data collected at Jonkershoek's 14B station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
Ten-year beverage intake trends among US preschool children: rapid declines between 2003 and 2010 but stagnancy in recent years: 10-year preschooler beverage trends
Creators: name: Ng,
name: Popkin,
name: Ford,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: It has been previously reported that total energy intake among US preschool children (ages 2-5 years) decreased between 2003-2004 and 2009-2010. However, little is known about how intakes of beverages among US preschoolers (ages 2-5 years) changed from 2003-2004 to 2011-2012.

OBJECTIVES: This paper examines changes in intakes of key beverages during this period, as well as how eating location (at home or away from home) and source (store vs. others) may have contributed to these changes.

METHODS: Cross-sectional day one dietary data among children ages 2-5 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 were used. Survey-weighted mean intakes by survey year, eating location and source were computed for total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), milks, 100% juice, low/no-calorie beverages, 10 key beverages, total beverages and total foods. Means were compared using two-tailed z-tests with Bonferroni corrections (α < 0.05).

RESULTS: Between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012, among 2-5 year olds, total caloric intake fell by 132 kcal d(-1) , with intakes of beverages falling by 55 kcal d(-1) . Decreases in intakes of total SSBs (-57 kcal d(-1) ), fruit-flavoured or juice drinks containing <100% juice (juice drinks) (-37 kcal d(-1) ), caloric soft drinks (-13 kcal d(-1) ) and >1% fat, low-sugar milk (-42 kcal d(-1) ) were among the major changes. By eating location, total beverage intake at home fell by 73 kcal d(-1) . By source, total beverage intake from stores fell by 106 kcal d(-1) . Changes in intakes occurred primarily between 2003-2004 and 2009-2010, as there were no significant differences in beverage intakes between 2009-2010 and 2011-2012. Intakes of total calories (+49 kcal d(-1) ) and calories from foods (+53 kcal d(-1) ) trended upward between 2009-2010 and 2011-2012, but changes were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest improvements in the diets of preschoolers between 2003-2004 and 2009-2010, of which stores were a major contributor.
Identifying Student Difficulties with Entropy, Heat Engines, and the Carnot Cycle
Creators: name: Smith, Trevor I.
name: Christensen, Warren M.
name: Mountcastle, Donald B.
name: Thompson, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on several specific student difficulties regarding the Second Law of Thermodynamics in the context of heat engines within upper-division undergraduates thermal physics courses. Data come from ungraded written surveys, graded homework assignments, and videotaped classroom observations of tutorial activities. Written data show that students in these courses do not clearly articulate the connection between the Carnot cycle and the Second Law after lecture instruction. This result is consistent both within and across student populations. Observation data provide evidence for myriad difficulties related to entropy and heat engines, including students' struggles in reasoning about situations that are physically impossible and failures to differentiate between differential and net changes of state properties of a system. Results herein may be seen as the application of previously documented difficulties in the context of heat engines, but others are novel and emphasize the subtle and complex nature of cyclic processes and heat engines, which are central to the teaching and learning of thermodynamics and its applications. Moreover, the sophistication of these difficulties is indicative of the more advanced thinking required of students at the upper division, whose developing knowledge and understanding give rise to questions and struggles that are inaccessible to novices.
Population dynamics of Leucospermum oleifolium in Hottentots Holland, Jakkalsrivier Experimental area, site 3319AA/1/39
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
population dynamics
Leucospermum oleaefolium
Jakkalsrivier Catchment
Hottentots Holland

description: This is a scanned copy of a document on the population dynamics of Leucospermum oleifolium in Hottentots Holland, Jakkalsrivier Experimental area, site 3319AA/1/39. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Concordance of haemoglobin A1c, blood pressure and C-reactive protein between children and their parents in Chinese households: HbA1c, BP, CRP in parents and children
Creators: name: Adair,
name: Popkin,
name: Dong,
name: Zhang,
name: Gordon-Larsen,
name: Howard,
name: Aiello,
name: Thompson,
name: Herring,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: BACKGROUND: China has the world's highest diabetes prevalence, which along with hypertension and inflammation continues to grow particularly among children. Little is known about the strength of the association of these cardiometabolic risk factors between parents and their children; thus, the potential of household-based strategies to reduce risk is unknown.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to examine the parent-child association for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a large, geographically diverse Chinese sample.

METHODS: In 940 parent-child pairs (children aged 7-17 years) who participated in the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey, we measured each individual's HbA1c and CRP using fasting blood and BP. We used sex-specific random-effects linear regression to examine the parent-child association for these risk factors, accounting for within-family clustering.

RESULTS: Child's HbA1c was positively associated with parental HbA1c. Beta coefficients ranged from 0.06 (95% CI 0.03-0.12) for father-daughter to 0.43 (95% CI 0.28-0.58) for mother-son pairs. We also detected a positive mother-daughter association for BP and positive father-child associations for CRP.

CONCLUSION: The statistically significant parent-child association for HbA1c, BP and CRP in Chinese families suggests that household-based interventions could be useful for confronting the high rates of diabetes, hypertension and inflammation in China.
Trend assessment of Marloth Nature Reserve, Swellendam, Langeberg, site 3320CD/1
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
trend assessment
map
Marloth Nature Reserve
Langeberg
Swellendam

description: This is a scanned copy of a trend assessment with a map, diagram and photographs of Marloth Nature Reserve, Swellendam, Langeberg, site 3320CD/1. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
title: A meta-synthesis of service user perspectives of shared decision-making and a qualitative investigation of lived experiences of fear of recurrence in relation to psychosis
Creators: name: Brookmann, Lidia
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Psychosis, fear of recurrence, qualitative, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

description: Background: Evidence has shown that people who fear psychosis relapse may experience a shorter duration to actual relapse. Therefore, fear of relapse may be an important clinical construct in understanding the transition to relapse. However, relatively little is known about its phenomenology and how individuals make sense of their fears and worries. This study sought to explore the lived experiences of fear of relapse. Method: Four individuals who self-reported as being worried about relapse were recruited from Community Mental Health Teams in NHS Ayrshire & Arran. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Analysis identified two superordinate themes: “I think my worry would be going back to the worst period” which reflected participants’ fears and experiences of worry and “I think a lot of it’s just about feeling in control of it” reflecting participants’ efforts to assert control of their experiences and limit recurrence. Conclusion: Findings provided a rich insight into the diverse and multi-dimensional nature of participants’ experiences of fear of relapse which has implications for both clinical practice and future research.
Diagnosing multiplicative error by lensing magnification of type Ia supernovae
Creators: name: Zhang, Pengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak lensing causes spatially coherent fluctuations in flux of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). This lensing magnification allows for weak lensing measurement independent of cosmic shear. It is free of shape measurement errors associated with cosmic shear and can therefore be used to diagnose and calibrate multiplicative error. Although this lensing magnification is difficult to measure accurately in auto correlation, its cross correlation with cosmic shear and galaxy distribution in overlapping area can be measured to significantly higher accuracy. Therefore these cross correlations can put useful constraint on multiplicative error, and the obtained constraint is free of cosmic variance in weak lensing field. We present two methods implementing this idea and estimate their performances. We find that, with $\sim 1$ million SNe Ia that can be achieved by the proposed D2k survey with the LSST telescope (Zhan et al. 2008), multiplicative error of $\sim 0.5\%$ for source galaxies at $z_s\sim 1$ can be detected and larger multiplicative error can be corrected to the level of $0.5\%$. It is therefore a promising approach to control the multiplicative to the sub-percent level required for stage IV projects. The combination of the two methods even has the potential to diagnose and calibrate galaxy intrinsic alignment, which is another major systematic error in cosmic shear cosmology.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Accepted to ApJ
Diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia: PCD foundation consensus recommendations based on state of the art review: Diagnosis and Management of PCD
Creators: name: Manion, Michele
name: Leigh, Margaret W.
name: Ferkol, Thomas
name: Kimple, Adam J.
name: Olivier, Kenneth N.
name: Rosenfeld, Margaret
name: Knowles, Michael R.
name: Dell, Sharon D.
name: Davis, Stephanie D.
name: Daniel, Sam J.
name: Sagel, Scott D.
name: Milla, Carlos
name: Zariwala, Maimoona A.
name: Shapiro, Adam J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous, rare lung disease resulting in chronic oto‐sino‐pulmonary disease in both children and adults. Many physicians incorrectly diagnose PCD or eliminate PCD from their differential diagnosis due to inexperience with diagnostic testing methods. Thus far, all therapies used for PCD are unproven through large clinical trials. This review article outlines consensus recommendations from PCD physicians in North America who have been engaged in a PCD centered research consortium for the last 10 years. These recommendations have been adopted by the governing board of the PCD Foundation to provide guidance for PCD clinical centers for diagnostic testing, monitoring, and appropriate short and long‐term therapeutics in PCD patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:115–132. © 2015 The Authors. Pediatric Pulmonology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four-Hair Relations for Differentially Rotating Neutron Stars in the Weak-Field Limit
Creators: name: Bretz, Joseph
name: Yagi, Kent
name: Yunes, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The opportunity to study physics at supra-nuclear densities through X-ray observations of neutron stars has led to in-depth investigations of certain approximately universal relations that can remove degeneracies in pulse profile models. One such set of relations determines all of the multipole moments of a neutron star just from the first three (the mass monopole, the current dipole and the mass quadrupole moment) approximately independently of the equation of state. These three-hair relations were found to hold in neutron stars that rotate rigidly, as is the case in old pulsars, but neutron stars can also rotate differentially, as is the case for proto-neutron stars and hypermassive transient remnants of binary mergers. We here extend the three-hair relations to differentially rotating stars for the first time with a generic rotation law using two approximations: a weak-field scheme (an expansion in powers of the neutron star compactness) and a perturbative differential rotation scheme (an expansion about rigid rotation). These approximations allow us to analytically derive approximately universal relations that allow us to determine all of the multipole moments of a (perturbative) differentially rotating star in terms of only the first four moments. These new four-hair relations for differentially rotating neutron stars are found to be approximately independent of the equation of state to a higher degree than the three-hair relations for uniformly rotating stars. Our results can be instrumental in the development of four-hair relations for rapidly differentially rotating stars in full General Relativity using numerical simulations.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures; minor modifications, accepted to PRD
Paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children: Paradoxical TB IRIS in Children
Creators: name: Link-Gelles, Ruth
name: Murdoch, David
name: Fairlie, Lee
name: Sawry, Shobna
name: Mahomed, Nasreen
name: Verwey, Charl
name: Moultrie, Harry
name: Van Rie, Annelies
name: Madhi, Shabir
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Paradoxical tuberculosis (TB)-associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) is a common complication of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) initiation in adults residing in resource-limited regions. Little is known about the burden and presentation of TB-IRIS in children initiating cART while receiving TB treatment.
PDF version the Atlas of Bacterial and Archaeal Cell Structure
Creators: name: Oikonomou, Catherine
name: Jensen, Grant
Publisher: name: CaltechDATA
Year: 2022
Subjects: Atlas of Bacterial and Archaeal Cell Structure
CryoEM
Jensen Lab

description: PDF format of version 2.3 of "The Atlas of Bacterial & Archaeal Cell Structure" by Catherine M. Oikonomou & Grant J. Jensen
description: Files available via S3 at https://renc.osn.xsede.org/ini210004tommorrell/D1.20278/
Atlas.pdf 0.22 GB

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Adaptive traffic signal control for real-world scenarios in agent-based transport simulations
Creators: name: Thunig, Theresa
name: Kühnel, Nico
name: Nagel, Kai
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
subject: decentralized
subject: adaptive traffic signal control
subject: agent-based transport simulation
subject: large-scale real-world scenario

description: This study provides an open-source implementation of a decentralized, adaptive signal control algorithm in the agent-based transport simulation MATSim, which is applicable for large-scale real-world scenarios. The implementation is based on the algorithm proposed by Lämmer and Helbing (2008), which had promising results, but was not applicable to real-world scenarios in its published form. The algorithm is extended in this paper to cope with realistic situations like different lanes per signal, small periods of overload, phase combination of non-conflicting traffic, and minimum green times. Impacts and limitations of the adaptive signal control are analyzed for a real-world scenario and compared to a fixed-time and traffic-actuated signal control. It can be shown that delays significantly reduce and queue lengths are lower and more stable than with fixed-time signals. Another finding is that the adaptive signal control behaves like a fixed-time control in overload situations and, therefore, ensures system-wide stability.
Learn-As-You-Go Acceleration of Cosmological Parameter Estimates
Creators: name: Aslanyan, Grigor
name: Easther, Richard
name: Price, Layne C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological analyses can be accelerated by approximating slow calculations using a training set, which is either precomputed or generated dynamically. However, this approach is only safe if the approximations are well understood and controlled. This paper surveys issues associated with the use of machine-learning based emulation strategies for accelerating cosmological parameter estimation. We describe a learn-as-you-go algorithm that is implemented in the Cosmo++ code and (1) trains the emulator while simultaneously estimating posterior probabilities; (2) identifies unreliable estimates, computing the exact numerical likelihoods if necessary; and (3) progressively learns and updates the error model as the calculation progresses. We explicitly describe and model the emulation error and show how this can be propagated into the posterior probabilities. We apply these techniques to the Planck likelihood and the calculation of $Λ$CDM posterior probabilities. The computation is significantly accelerated without a pre-defined training set and uncertainties in the posterior probabilities are subdominant to statistical fluctuations. We have obtained a speedup factor of $6.5$ for Metropolis-Hastings and $3.5$ for nested sampling. Finally, we discuss the general requirements for a credible error model and show how to update them on-the-fly.
description: 20 pages excluding Appendices, 5 figures. Code publicly available at http://cosmopp.com; matches published version
The physics of traffic and regional development
Creators: name: Helbing, Dirk
name: Nagel, Kai
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
subject: traffic flow
subject: physics
subject: activity pattern

description: This contribution summarizes and explains various principles from physics which are used for the simulation of traffic flows in large street networks, the modelling of destination, transport mode, and route choice, or the simulation of urban growth and regional development. The methods stem from many-particle physics, from kinetic gas theory, or fluid dynamics. They involve energy and entropy considerations, transfer the law of gravity, apply cellular automata and require methods from evolutionary game theory. In this way, one can determine interaction forces among driver-vehicle units, reproduce breakdowns of traffic including features of synchronized congested flow, or understand changing usage patterns of alternative roads. One can also describe daily activity patterns based on decision models, simulate migration streams and model urban growth as a particular kind of aggregation process.
Therapeutic challenges posed by critical drug-drug interactions in cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Jordan, Cameron L.
name: Henry, Marianna M.
name: Noah, Terry L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This review seeks to re-introduce cystic fibrosis (CF) clinicians to the pharmacology of drug-drug interactions among medications commonly used in CF and provide a framework for understanding these interactions among medications outside the scope of this discussion. We here focus on drugs impacted by the cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) enzyme system and on interactions involving antimicrobials, psychotropic medications, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators. Particular attention is needed when prescribing rifampin, azole antifungals and the CFTR modulators, ivacaftor, and lumacaftor/ivacaftor, in combination with other medications. The complexities of these interactions provide a strong rationale for case management by pharmacists and pharmacologists as a routine part of CF care. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:S61-S70. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ISW-Galaxy Cross Correlation:A probe of Dark Energy clustering and distribution of Dark Matter tracers
Creators: name: Khosravi, Shahram
name: Mollazadeh, Amir
name: Baghram, Shant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross correlation of the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe signal (ISW) with the galaxy distribution in late time is a promising tool for constraining the dark energy properties. Here, we study the effect of dark energy clustering on the ISW-galaxy cross correlation and demonstrate the fact that the bias parameter between the distribution of the galaxies and the underlying dark matter introduces a degeneracy and complications. We argue that as the galaxy's host halo formation time is different from the observation time, we have to consider the evolution of the halo bias parameter. It will be shown that any deviation from $Λ$CDM model will change the evolution of the bias as well. Therefore, it is deduced that the halo bias depends strongly on the sub-sample of galaxies which is chosen for cross correlation and that the joint kernel of ISW effect and the galaxy distribution has a dominant effect on the observed signal. In this work, comparison is made specifically between the clustered dark energy models using two samples of galaxies. The first one is a sub-sample of galaxies from Sloan Digital Sky Survey, chosen with the r-band magnitude $18 < r < 21$ and the dark matter halo host of mass $M \sim10^{12}M_{\odot}$ and formation redshift of $z_{f}\sim 2.5$. The second one is the sub-sample of Luminous Red galaxies with the dark matter halo hosts of mass $M \sim 10^{13}M_{\odot}$ and formation redshift of $z_{f}\sim 2.0$. Using the evolved bias we improve the $χ^2$ for the $Λ$CDM which reconciles the $\sim$1$σ$-2$σ$ tension of the ISW-galaxy signal with $Λ$CDM prediction.[abridged]
description: 21 pages, 20 figures and 1 table. Published in JCAP, final version. Extensive discussion is added in Section V
Spawning rings of exceptional points out of Dirac cones
Creators: name: Zhen, Bo
name: Hsu, Chia Wei
name: Igarashi, Yuichi
name: Lu, Ling
name: Kaminer, Ido
name: Pick, Adi
name: Chua, Song-Liang
name: Joannopoulos, John D.
name: Soljačić, Marin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dirac cone underlies many unique electronic properties of graphene and topological insulators, and its band structure--two conical bands touching at a single point--has also been realized for photons in waveguide arrays, atoms in optical lattices, and through accidental degeneracy. Deformations of the Dirac cone often reveal intriguing properties; an example is the quantum Hall effect, where a constant magnetic field breaks the Dirac cone into isolated Landau levels. A seemingly unrelated phenomenon is the exceptional point, also known as the parity-time symmetry breaking point, where two resonances coincide in both their positions and widths. Exceptional points lead to counter-intuitive phenomena such as loss-induced transparency, unidirectional transmission or reflection, and lasers with reversed pump dependence or single-mode operation. These two fields of research are in fact connected: here we discover the ability of a Dirac cone to evolve into a ring of exceptional points, which we call an "exceptional ring." We experimentally demonstrate this concept in a photonic crystal slab. Angle-resolved reflection measurements of the photonic crystal slab reveal that the peaks of reflectivity follow the conical band structure of a Dirac cone from accidental degeneracy, whereas the complex eigenvalues of the system are deformed into a two-dimensional flat band enclosed by an exceptional ring. This deformation arises from the dissimilar radiation rates of dipole and quadrupole resonances, which play a role analogous to the loss and gain in parity-time symmetric systems. Our results indicate that the radiation that exists in any open system can fundamentally alter its physical properties in ways previously expected only in the presence of material loss and gain.
'Givim lo Aza' (Give it to the mother): Oro women in the 2017 Papua New Guinea National Elections
Creators: name: Meki, Theresa
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis is a political ethnography examining how women candidates campaigned in the 2017 national elections in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG). While the number of women candidates in PNG elections has increased significantly in the last 20 years, the political culture and electoral environment is progressively more inhospitable space for women to contest and participate in politics effectively. With no legislated temporary special measure implemented in PNG to date, women vying for national representation are encouraged simply to keep contesting until they get elected. This research illustrates that campaigning today is fundamentally about establishing leadership credibility, a process that is both expansive and expensive. Definitions of leadership credibility vary, but ultimately, to have credibility is to demonstrate and provide evidence to voters that one can deliver or provide services if elected. Organic demonstrations of credibility are achieved over a significant length of time by meeting sociocultural obligations through acknowledgement (luksave) and subsequent appropriate action (hanmak). Luksave and hanmak are derivatives and extensions of reciprocal relations that engender debt creation, a concept intrinsic to Papua New Guinean and, more broadly, Melanesian relations. While the concept of debt creation has sustained money politics, the proliferation and normalisation of money politics has also redefined the relational aspect of building credibility, even reducing it to a mere transaction and destabilising previous voting patterns. Moreover, this underlying structure presents a significant barrier for women candidates. In examining campaign procedures from the perspective of female candidates, the gendered nuances and gender bias of PNG politics become apparent. In building credibility, in recruiting komiti, (campaign committee) in organising travel logistics, and even in campaign rhetoric, gender-specific accommodations must be made. In evaluating candidates, voters use implicitly or explicitly gendered measures. This thesis provides further contextual evidence and empirical analysis of the claims that the PNG electoral space is not a level playing field, women candidates are not equal participants and 'campaigning like a man' will not necessarily benefit women competing in a hostile political environment.
Mapping targetable inflammation and outcomes with cystic fibrosis biomarkers
Creators: name: Esther, Charles R.
name: Giddings, Olivia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Cystic fibrosis is characterized by an overly exuberant neutrophilic inflammatory response to pathogens and other stimuli that starts very early in disease. The overwhelming nature of this response is a primary cause of remodeling and destruction of the airways, suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapies could be beneficial in CF. However, finding therapies that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response without compromising host defenses remains elusive. New approaches towards mapping inflammatory targets promise to aid in developing novel therapeutic strategies and improve outcomes in individuals with CF.
title: Zwischen Empire und Empower
title: Dekolonisierung und Demokratisierung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Dhawan, Nikita
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Postkolonialismus
subject: Postkoloniale Theorie
subject: Demokratie
subject: Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
subject: 320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Im Gegensatz zu der offenkundigen Begeisterung für kosmopolitische Demokratie als eine Lösung für historische Ungerechtigkeiten und als Hoffnung für Solidarität jenseits der Grenzen, weisen postkoloniale TheoretikerInnen auf die Komplizenschaft von kosmopolitischen Solidaritätsbekundungen mit globalen Herrschaftsstrukturen hin. Die Prozesse der Dekolonisierung, so wird im Text argumentiert, können nicht allein durch Entwicklungspolitiken oder ungeduldige Menschenrechtsinterventionen Erfolg zeitigen. Der Text setzt sich mit den Themen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, Dekolonisierung und Demokratisierung aus feministisch-postkolonialer Perspektive auseinander.
Gamma ray tests of Minimal Dark Matter
Creators: name: Cirelli, Marco
name: Hambye, Thomas
name: Panci, Paolo
name: Sala, Filippo
name: Taoso, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the model of Minimal Dark Matter (a fermionic, hypercharge-less quintuplet of the EW interactions) and compute its gamma ray signatures. We compare them with a number of gamma ray probes: the galactic halo diffuse measurements, the galactic center line searches and recent dwarf galaxies observations. We find that the original minimal model, whose mass is fixed at 9.4 TeV by the relic abundance requirement, is constrained by the line searches from the Galactic Center: it is ruled out if the Milky Way possesses a cuspy profile such as NFW but it is still allowed if it has a cored one. Observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies are also relevant (in particular searches for lines), and ongoing astrophysical progresses on these systems have the potential to eventually rule out the model. We also explore a wider mass range, which applies to the case in which the relic abundance requirement is relaxed. Most of our results can be safely extended to the larger class of multi-TeV WIMP DM annihilating into massive gauge bosons.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures. v2: a few comments and references added, matches version published on JCAP
Load Profiles in Grid-Connected Residential Buildings:Experimental Studies with Rooftop PV and Battery Systems
Creators: name: Chukiat Jangjun
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Load profile, Residential Building, Rooftop PV, Battery System

description: Suan Sunandha Science and Technology Journal, 6, 1, 15 to 20
Overcoming barriers to a successful transition from pediatric to adult care
Creators: name: Uluer, Ahmet
name: Nasr, Samya Z.
name: Goralski, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: As life expectancy for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) has increased dramatically, so has the need for a guided, structured transition from pediatric to adult-focused care. A formalized transition program allows for seamless transfer of patients between providers, helping to ensure continuity of care, and avoid potential declines associated with inconsistent medical care. New CF Center guidelines issued by the CFF strongly recommend that each center establish a transition program for age-appropriate transition to an adult CF clinic. In this article, we explore the remaining barriers to establishing a transition program in a CF Center and offer examples of several successful models. We describe CFF-sponsored and other initiatives that exist to support centers in establishing a transition program and discuss the need for ongoing research in this area.