cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The speedster-EXD - A new event-triggered hybrid CMOS x-ray detector
Creators: name: Griffith, Christopher V.
name: Falcone, Abraham D.
name: Prieskorn, Zachary R.
name: Burrows, David N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary characterization of the Speedster-EXD, a new event driven hybrid CMOS detector (HCD) developed in collaboration with Penn State University and Teledyne Imaging Systems. HCDs have advantages over CCDs including lower susceptibility to radiation damage, lower power consumption, and faster read-out time to avoid pile-up. They are deeply depleted and able to detect x-rays down to approximately 0.1 keV. The Speedster-EXD has additional in-pixel features compared to previously published HCDs including: (1) an in-pixel comparator that enables read out of only the pixels with signal from an x-ray event, (2) four different gain modes to optimize either full well capacity or energy resolution, (3) in-pixel CDS subtraction to reduce read noise, and (4) a low-noise, high-gain CTIA amplifier to eliminate interpixel capacitance crosstalk. When using the comparator feature, the user can set a comparator threshold and only pixels above the threshold will be read out. This feature can be run in two modes including single pixel readout in which only pixels above the threshold are read out and 3x3 readout where a 3x3 region centered on the central pixel of the x-ray event is read out. The comparator feature of the Speedster-EXD increases the detector array effective frame rate by orders of magnitude. The new features of the Speedster-EXD hybrid CMOS x-ray detector are particularly relevant to future high throughput x-ray missions requiring large-format silicon imagers.
description: contribution to proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes & Instrumentation 2014
Supplementary document for Monitoring mouse brain perfusion with hybrid magnetic resonance optoacoustic tomography - 6242300.pdf
Creators: name: Ren, Wuwei
name: DEÁN-BEN, XOSÉ LUÍS
name: Skachokova, Zhiva
name: Augath, Mark-Aurel
name: Ni, Ruiqing
name: Chen, Zhenyue
name: Razansky, Daniel
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: Supplementary Figures
Divisione ereditaria e nullità “urbanistiche”
Creators: name: Venosta, Francesco
Publisher: name: Milan Law Review
Year: 2020

description: Il lavoro trae spunto da una recente sentenza delle S.U. della Corte di cassazione in tema di divisione ereditaria di immobili urbanisticamente irregolari: la Corte decide che tali fattispecie ricadono sotto le preclusioni che le norme urbanistiche impongono alla circolazione giuridica dell’immobile. Premesso che la divisione deve considerarsi alla stregua di un atto inter vivos e non mortis causa, la Corte innova il proprio precedente consolidato orientamento ad attribuire alla divisione ereditaria efficacia dichiarativa, e aderisce ai più moderni orientamenti che le attribuiscono natura costitutiva-traslativa, senza, peraltro, adeguatamente considerare il ruolo di essa nella più ampia vicenda successoria di cui costituisce l’elemento terminale; si conclude, quindi, che se di tale aspetto si fosse tenuto conto, la soluzione del caso concreto avrebbe potuto essere diversa. Sono oggetto di rapido esame anche alcuni profili particolari: la divisione giudiziale, quella parziale e il regime degli atti di disposizione compiuti manente communione.
description: Milan Law Review, V. 1 (2020)
Coastal stormwater wet pond sediment nitrogen dynamics
Creators: name: Gold, A.C.
name: Piehler, M.F.
name: Thompson, S.P.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2017

description: Wet ponds are a common type of stormwater control measure (SCM) in coastal areas of the southeastern US, but their internal nitrogen dynamics have not been extensively studied. Using flow-through intact sediment core incubations, net sediment N2 fluxes before and after a nitrate addition from five wet ponds spanning a range of ages (3.25–10 years old) were quantified through membrane inlet mass spectrometry during early summer. Multiple locations within a single wet pond (6.16 years old) were also sampled during ambient conditions in late summer to determine the combined effects of depth, vegetation, and flow path position on net N2 fluxes at the sediment-water interface. All pond sediments had considerable rates of net nitrogen fixation during ambient conditions, and net N2 fluxes during nitrate-enriched conditions were significantly correlated with pond age. Following a nitrate addition to simulate storm conditions, younger pond sediments shifted towards net denitrification, but older ponds exhibited even higher rates of net nitrogen fixation. The pond forebay had significantly higher rates of net nitrogen fixation compared to the main basin, and rates throughout the pond were an order of magnitude higher than the early summer experiment. These results identify less than optimal nitrogen processing in this common SCM, however, data presented here suggest that water column mixing and pond sediment excavation could improve the capacity of wet ponds to enhance water quality by permanently removing nitrogen.
Sciences ouvertes en médecine sur le continent africain. Une réalité et des perspectives.
Creators: name: Hachelafi, Hamid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Access
Ethique éditoriale
E-learning
nseignement post Covid-19

description: Le contexte de crise sanitaire mondiale avait inauguré des politiques de partage de contenus scientifiques à l'échelle planétaire afin de fédérer les efforts de recherche sur l'épidémie de covid-19.
Code for GMD paper: Assessment of a multi-tiling energy budget approach in a land surface model, ORCHIDEE-MICT (r8205)
Creators: name: Xi, Yi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This link provided code for the submitted GMD paper "Assessment of a multi-tiling energy budget approach in a land surface model, ORCHIDEE-MICT (r8205)" by Xi et al., 2023. Please cite the paper when you use the code here, thanks.
title: Book review : Assessment, Risk & Decision Making in Social Work (An Introduction) By Campbell Killick & Brian J Taylor
Creators: name: Stewart, Michael
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2020

description: This book is one in a series of books for social work students exploring key themes within a specific social work training subject area. The books have been published to assist soon to qualify or newly qualified staff to develop an awareness and understanding of the complexities of social work practice within the UK today. The authors developed the text in consultation with students undertaking the pre-qualifying Risk Assessment in Practice module of the Masters in Social Work, and students undertaking the post-qualifying Professional Decision Making in Social Work for new graduates.
title: Grading Teaching: An Evaluation of Teaching Techniques Used by California Community College Introduction to Sociology Instructors
Creators: name: Osborne-Estes, Lynette Ann
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1996

description: Research on teaching techniques used in higher education report that instructors who use a mixed repertoire of styles promote optimal student learning. However, previous research also indicates that many college professors continue to use the less effective traditional lecture instead of implementing more student-centered methods of instruction. This thesis investigates two general research questions. (1) To what extent do community college instructors utilize teaching techniques that have been shown to promote optimal student learning? (2) What factors, if any, increase the probability of an instructor using the teaching techniques that promote optimal student learning? In order to address these questions and test six hypotheses, a self-administered mail-back survey was designed to assess the teaching techniques of California community college Introduction to Sociology instructors (N=240). The 3 wave mailing resulted in a 61% response rate (N=143). Data revealed that a majority of instructors in this sample use the traditional lecture method of instruction regardless of factors such as year of training, gender, attending a college teaching workshop, class size, or academic freedom.
Unified trade-off optimization of quantum harmonic Otto engine and refrigerator
Creators: name: Singh, Varinder
name: Singh, Satnam
name: Abah, Obinna
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate quantum Otto engine and refrigeration cycles of a time-dependent harmonic oscillator operating under the conditions of maximum $Ω$-function, a trade-off objective function which represents a compromise between energy benefits and losses for a specific job, for both adiabatic and nonadiabatic (sudden) frequency modulations. We derive analytical expressions for the efficiency and coefficient of performance of the Otto cycle. For the case of adiabatic driving, we point out that in the low-temperature regime, the harmonic Otto engine (refrigerator) can be mapped to Feynman's ratchet and pawl model which is a steady state classical heat engine. For the sudden switch of frequencies, we obtain loop-like behavior of the efficiency-work curve, which is characteristic of irreversible heat engines. Finally, we discuss the behavior of cooling power at maximum $Ω$-function and indicate the optimal operational point of the refrigerator.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, comments are welcome
Riflessioni sul giudizio di parificazione dei rendiconti regionali
Creators: name: Ursi, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Milan Law Review
Year: 2020

description: Alla Corte dei conti spetta il giudizio di parificazione del bilancio delle regioni che si configura come un esame di legittimità-regolarità delle modalità utilizzate dal governo regionale per costruire il rendiconto generale avendo come prospettiva di confronto le decisioni assunte nel bilancio di previsione e con l’assestamento in ossequio alle norme contabili. La parifica si sostanzia, quindi, in una funzione di riscontro, ossia nella verifica degli scostamenti che, negli equilibri stabiliti dal bilancio preventivo, si evidenziano in sede consultiva, sia in riferimento alle entrate si in relazione alle spese. In presenza di uno scarno quadro normativo il giudizio di parifica è stato oggetto di un ampio dibattito in ordine alla sua qualificazione come atto di controllo ovvero come esercizio di una funzione latamente giurisdizionale. Posto che l’effetto giuridico dell’atto parifica è indipendente dal suo stato di giudicato in quanto attiene principalmente agli aspetti funzionali del giudizio affidato alla Corte dei conti in relazione alla conformità della legge regionale che approva il rendiconto, lo scritto intende descrivere tale giudizio contabile come forma sui generis di volontaria giurisdizione.
description: Milan Law Review, V. 1 (2020)
Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition using Multitaper Estimates
Creators: name: Schmidt, Oliver T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of multitaper estimates for spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) is explored. Multitaper and multitaper-Welch estimators that use discrete prolate spheroidal sequences (DPSS) as orthogonal data windows are compared to the standard SPOD algorithm that exclusively relies on weighted overlapped segment averaging, or Welch's method, to estimate the cross-spectral density matrix. Two sets of turbulent flow data, one experimental and the other numerical, are used to discuss the choice of resolution bandwidth and the bias-variance tradeoff. Multitaper-Welch estimators that combine both approaches by applying orthogonal tapers to overlapping segments allow for flexible control of resolution, variance, and bias. At additional computational cost but for the same data, Multitaper-Welch estimators provide lower variance estimates at fixed frequency resolution or higher frequency resolution at similar variance compared to the standard algorithm.
Additional file 4 of Novel complete methanogenic pathways in longitudinal genomic study of monogastric age-associated archaea
Creators: name: Feehan, Brandi
name: Ran, Qinghong
name: Dorman, Victoria
name: Rumback, Kourtney
name: Pogranichniy, Sophia
name: Ward, Kaitlyn
name: Goodband, Robert
name: Niederwerder, Megan C.
name: Lee, Sonny T. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S2: Relative abundance of archaea-MAGs (rows) across all individual sample metagenomes (columns) (Preweaning [P]; nursery [N]; growth adult [G]).
Ethical Considerations in Risk Communication Practice and Research†
Creators: name: M. Granger Morgan
name: Lave, Lester B
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Risk communication is a growth industry. The increasing size of Risk Analysis is just one reflection of a more general flood of publications, workshops, research projects, as well as serious efforts to communicate or to tell others how to communicate. The National Research Council has recently issued a summary report on the topic.(’) Amid all this activity, there is a simmering conflict regarding the ethical status of risk communication. Some people hold it to be an unabashedly good thing, an essential activity if lay people are to make informed decisions regarding risks. Others have a darker view. For example, Sheila Jasanoff suggests that “risk communication is often a code [word] for brainwashing by experts or industry”.(2) In this editorial, we offer a framework for analyzing the ethical status of that subset of communications composed of messages from technical experts to the lay public.
Nonconsumptive effects of a predator weaken then rebound over time
Creators: name: Piehler, M.F.
name: White, J.W.
name: Hughes, A.R.
name: Kimbro, D.L.
name: Grabowski, J.H.
Publisher: name: Ecological Society of America
Year: 2017

description: Predators can influence prey traits and behavior (nonconsumptive effects [NCEs]), often with cascading effects for basal resources and ecosystem function. But critiques of NCE experiments suggest that their duration and design produce results that describe the potential importance of NCEs rather than their actual importance. In light of these critiques, we re-evaluated a toadfish (predator), crab (prey), and oyster (resource) NCE-mediated trophic cascade. In a 4-month field experiment, we varied toadfish cue (NCE) and crab density ( approximating variation in predator consumptive effects, CE). Toadfish initially benefitted oyster survival by causing crabs to reduce consumption. But this NCE weakened over time (possibly due to prey hunger), so that after 2 months, crab density (CE) dictated oyster survivorship, regardless of cue. However, the NCE ultimately re-emerged on reefs with a toadfish cue, increasing oyster survivorship. At no point did the effect of toadfish cue on mud crab foraging behavior alter oyster population growth or sediment organic matter on the reef, which is a measure of benthic-pelagic coupling. Instead, both decreased with increasing crab density. Thus, within a system shown to exhibit strong NCEs in short-term experiments (days) our study supported predictions from theoretical models: (a) within the generation of individual prey, the relative influence of NCEs appears to cycle over longer time periods (months); and (b) predator CEs, not NCEs, drive longer-term resource dynamics and ecosystem function. Thus, our study implies that the impacts of removing top predators via activities such as hunting and overfishing will cascade to basal resources and ecosystem properties primarily through density-mediated interactions.
External Financing and the Role of Financial Frictions over the Business Cycle: Measurement and Theory
Creators: name: Shourideh, Ali
name: Zetlin-Jones, Ariel
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We examine the quantitative importance of financial market shocks in accounting for business cycle fluctuations. We emphasize the role financial markets play in real- locating funds from cash-rich, low productivity firms to cash-poor, high productivity firms. Using evidence on financial flows at the firm level, we find that for publicly traded firms (in Compustat), almost all investment is financed internally. However, using an alternative data source (Amadeus), we find that most investment by privately held firms is financed through borrowing. Motivated by these observations, we build a quantitative model featuring publicly and privately held firms that face collateral constraints and idiosyncratic risk over productivity as well as non-financial linkages. In our calibrated model, we find that a shock to the collateral constraints which generates a one standard deviation decline in the debt-to-asset ratio leads to a 0.5% decline in aggregate output on impact, roughly comparable to the effect of a one standard deviation shock to aggregate productivity in a standard real business cycle model. In this sense, we find that disturbances in financial markets are a promising source of business cycle fluctuations when non-financial linkages across firms are sufficiently strong.
Spatiotemporal patterns in the export of dissolved organic carbon and chromophoric dissolved organic matter from a coastal, blackwater river
Creators: name: Leech, D.M.
name: Ensign, S.H.
name: Piehler, M.F.
Publisher: name: Birkhauser Verlag AG
Year: 2016

description: We examined seasonal and spatial patterns in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Chowan River watershed, North Carolina, a blackwater river which discharges into the second largest estuary in the United States, the Albemarle–Pamlico Estuarine System. From April 2008 to May 2010, DOC concentration did not significantly vary across seasons (range 7.69–30.39 mg L−1); however, CDOM molecular size and aromaticity increased throughout the spring, decreased during the summer and fall, and remained relatively low in the winter. Spectral slope ratios suggested microbial processing of CDOM in the spring and photodegradation of CDOM in the summer and fall. Spatially, DOC and CDOM concentrations were similar in the mainstem and at the mouths of two tributaries, Bennetts Creek and Wiccacon River, but were significantly higher upstream on the tributaries. DOC concentration was positively correlated with CDOM absorbance coefficients at 254 and 350 nm; however, these optical proxies explained only ~60 % of the variance. DOC and CDOM absorption loads to the Albemarle Sound ranged from 2.63 × 1010 g year−1 and 9.84 × 1010 m2 year−1, respectively, in a dry year and 7.9 × 1010 g year−1 and 2.2 × 1011 m2 year−1, respectively, in a wet year, which are comparable to non-blackwater rivers with larger watersheds. Blackwater rivers may therefore represent “hotspots” in coastal carbon chemistry, with seasonal variations in the quality and quantity of DOC and CDOM influencing estuarine food web dynamics and net ecosystem metabolism.
Factory Crane Scheduling by Dynamic Programming
Creators: name: Ionuţ D Aron
name: Genç-Kaya, Latife
name: Harjunkoski, Iiro
name: Hoda, Samid
name: Hooker, John N.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We describe a specialized dynamic programming algorithm for factory crane scheduling. An innovative data structure controls the memory requirements of the state space and enables solution of problems of realistic size. The algorithm finds optimal spacetime trajectories for two factory cranes or hoists that move along a single overhead track. Each crane is assigned a sequence of pickups and deliveries at specified locations that must be performed within given time windows. The cranes must not interfere with each other, although one may yield to the other. The state space representation permits a wide variety of constraints and objective functions. It is stored in a compressed data structure that uses a cartesian product of intervals of states and an array of two-dimensional circular queues. We also show that only certain types of trajectories need be considered. The algorithm found optimal solutions in less than a minute for medium-sized instances of the problem (160 tasks, spanning four hours). It can also be used to create benchmarks for tuning heuristic algorithms that solve larger instances.
Five Reasons for Opposing the IMF Quota Increase
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The title of my talk is "Five Reasons for Opposing the IMF Quota Increase." I'll try to give you a brief summary of those five reasons. The first is that the IMF quota increase and the policy on which it rests is a type of international Ponzi scheme. The creditor banks have assets that are valued above their market value. If they were bonds, their value would be much lower on the books of the banks. Because they are loans, the banks continue to carry the assets at their face value. The bank examiners encourage this practice despite their obligation to protect safety and soundness.
The role of coherence theory in attractor quantum neural networks
Creators: name: Marconi, Carlo
name: Saus, Pau Colomer
name: Díaz, María García
name: Sanpera, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate attractor quantum neural networks (aQNNs) within the framework of coherence theory. We show that: i) aQNNs are associated to non-coherence-generating quantum channels; ii) the depth of the network is given by the decohering power of the corresponding quantum map; and iii) the attractor associated to an arbitrary input state is the one minimizing their relative entropy. Further, we examine faulty aQNNs described by noisy quantum channels, derive their physical implementation and analyze under which conditions their performance can be enhanced by using entanglement or coherence as external resources.
Biological activity exceeds biogenic structure in influencing sediment nitrogen cycling in experimental oyster reefs
Creators: name: Geraldi, N.R.
name: Piehler, M.F.
name: Smyth, A.R.
Publisher: name: Inter-Research
Year: 2016

description: Oysters are estuarine ecosystem engineers, in that their physical structure and biological function affect ecosystem processes such as organic matter and nutrient cycling. Oysters deliver material to the sediments through biodeposition and sedimentation caused by modification of flow around the reef. We conducted an experiment to distinguish between biotic effects and physical structure of oyster reefs on sediment nitrogen cycling. Experimental reefs consisting of live oysters, oyster shells alone and mudflats (controls) were sampled for a period of 4 wk for sediment organic matter, C and N content and fluxes of nitrogen (NH4+, NOX and N2) and oxygen (O2). We hypothesized that the biological activity of the oyster would deposit more, higher quality organic matter compared to deposition from flow modification alone, thus facilitating denitrification and having a larger impact on sediment nitrogen cycling. Compared to the controls, the live oyster experimental reefs increased sediment denitrification by 61% and the shell experimental reefs showed a 24% increase. The live oyster experimental reef also had the largest O2 demand and NH4+ production. Reef structure likely increased organic matter deposition, but the higher quality and larger quantity of organic matter associated with live oysters increased denitrification and microbial respiration. This experiment shows that the ecosystem service of nitrogen removal provided by oysters is primarily driven by the biological function of the oysters and secondarily from the physical structure of the reef. Our increased understanding of how oysters engineer ecosystems and modify nutrient cycling can help guide future oyster restoration efforts.
title: Book review : Communication and Interpersonal Skills in Social Work, 5th Edition, (Transforming Social Work Practice Series) By Julia Koprowska
Creators: name: Henry, Louise
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2020

description: It is worth noting on the outset that the 5th edition of Communication and Interpersonal Skills in Social Work was being revised at the end of 2019. The Series Editor’s Preface was written in February 2020. Neither the author, nor the editor writing those words, could have known of what was to come in the form of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the impact on this on how we all communicate.
Models with two Higgs doublets and a light pseudoscalar:a portal to dark matter and the possible $\mathbf{(g-2)_μ}$ excess
Creators: name: Arcadi, Giorgio
name: Djouadi, Abdelhak
name: Queiroz, Farinaldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of a two-Higgs doublet model, supplemented by an additional light pseudoscalar Higgs boson and a stable isosinglet fermion, we consider the possibility of addressing simultaneously the discrepancy from the standard expectation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon recently measured at Fermilab and the longstanding problem of the dark matter in the universe which can be accounted for by a thermal weakly interacting massive particle. We show that it is indeed possible, for a range of masses and couplings of the new light pseudoscalar and the fermionic states, to explain at the same time the two features while satisfying all other constraints from astroparticle physics and collider searches, including the constraints from flavor physics.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
El empleador plural: articulación jurídica y responsabilidades
Creators: name: Wilfredo Sanguineti, Raymond
Publisher: name: Milan Law Review
Year: 2020

description: L'Autore si sofferma sulla discussa figura del datore di lavoro plurale riconosciuta dall’ordinamento spagnolo, non solo livello normativo, ma anche giurisprudenziale, considerandola formula preferenziale per la cooperazione interaziendale, soprattutto in seguito allo sviluppo di processi produttivi globali dominati dall’ascesa dei gruppi d'imprese e delle reti d’impresa. Il contributo esplora i numerosi profili giuridici nonché i delicati problemi che nascono dalla configurazione unica del rapporto di lavoro complesso , dove al lavoratore, unico debitore della prestazione e un unico creditore della retribuzione, si contrappongono tutti i datori di lavoro che condividono la posizione di datore di lavoro.
description: Milan Law Review, V. 1 (2020)
An Asymptotically MSE-Optimal Estimator based on Gaussian Mixture Models
Creators: name: Koller, Michael
name: Fesl, Benedikt
name: Turan, Nurettin
name: Utschick, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper investigates a channel estimator based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) in the context of linear inverse problems with additive Gaussian noise. We fit a GMM to given channel samples to obtain an analytic probability density function (PDF) which approximates the true channel PDF. Then, a conditional mean estimator (CME) corresponding to this approximating PDF is computed in closed form and used as an approximation of the optimal CME based on the true channel PDF. This optimal CME cannot be calculated analytically because the true channel PDF is generally unknown. We present mild conditions which allow us to prove the convergence of the GMM-based CME to the optimal CME as the number of GMM components is increased. Additionally, we investigate the estimator's computational complexity and present simplifications based on common model-based insights. Further, we study the estimator's behavior in numerical experiments including multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and wideband systems.
Oyster-mediated benthic-pelagic coupling modifies nitrogen pools and processes
Creators: name: Geraldi, N.R.
name: Smyth, A.R.
name: Piehler, M.F.
Publisher: name: Inter-Research
Year: 2013

description: Removal of nitrogen through enhanced denitrification has been identified as an ecosystem service provided by oysters. In this study, we assessed the effects of an individual oyster (Crassostrea virginica) on nitrogen dynamics. Fluxes of N2, O2, nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and ammonium (NH4 +) were measured from continuous-flow microcosms that contained a live oyster, sediment, or a live oyster + sediment. Net N2 fluxes were indicative of nitrogen fixation in the sediment treatment and denitrification in the oyster and oyster + sediment treatments. Organic matter de - position and ammonium production associated with oyster biodeposits and excretion likely decreased N limitation, and thus the demand for fixation of new nitrogen, while increasing nitrification and subsequent denitrification. Oyster-mediated denitrification accounted for 48% of the total inorganic nitrogen efflux in the oyster microcosms and 35% in the oyster + sediment microcosms. Despite high rates of ammonium production, inclusion of the eastern oyster did not increase the pool of bioavailable nitrogen but shifted the microcosms from a nitrogen source to a nitrogen sink.
String structures associated to indefinite Lie groups
Creators: name: Sati, Hisham
name: Shim, Hyung-bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: String structures have played an important role in algebraic topology, via elliptic genera and elliptic cohomology, in differential geometry, via the study of higher geometric structures, and in physics, via partition functions. We extend the description of String structures from connected covers of the definite-signature orthogonal group ${\rm O}(n)$ to the indefinite-signature orthogonal group O(p, q), i.e. from the Riemannian to the pseudo-Riemannian setting. This requires that we work at the unstable level, which makes the discussion more subtle than the stable case. Similar, but much simpler, constructions hold for other noncompact Lie groups such as the unitary group U(p, q) and the symplectic group Sp(p, q). This extension provides a starting point for an abundance of constructions in (higher) geometry and applications in physics.
description: 28 pages, major revisions, published version
Habitat-specific distinctions in estuarine denitrification affect both ecosystem function and services
Creators: name: Smyth, A.R.
name: Piehler, M.F.
Publisher: name: Ecological Society of America
Year: 2011

description: Resource limitation controls the base of food webs in many aquatic ecosystems. In coastal ecosystems, nitrogen (N) has been found to be the predominant limiting factor for primary producers. Due to the important role nitrogen plays in determining ecosystem function, understanding the processes that modulate its availability is critical. Shallow-water estuarine systems are highly heterogeneous. In temperate estuaries, multiple habitat types can exist in close proximity to one another, their distribution controlled primarily by physical energy, tidal elevation and geomorphology. Distinctions between these habitats such as rates of primary productivity and sediment characteristics likely affect material processing. We used membrane inlet mass spectrometry to measure changes in N2 flux (referred to here as denitrification) in multiple shallow-water estuarine habitats through an annual cycle. We found significantly higher rates of denitrification (DNF) in structured habitats such as submerged aquatic vegetation, salt marshes and oyster reefs than in intertidal and subtidal flats. Seasonal patterns were also observed, with higher DNF rates occurring in the warmer seasons. Additionally, there was an interaction between habitat type and season that we attributed to the seasonal patterns of enhanced productivity in individual habitat types. There was a strong correlation between denitrification and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) in all habitats and all seasons, suggesting the potential to utilize SOD to predict DNF. Denitrification efficiency was also higher in the structured habitats than in the flats. Nitrogen removal by these habitats was found to be an important contributor to estuarine ecosystem function. The ecosystem service of DNF in each habitat was evaluated in US dollars using rates from a regional nutrient-offset market to determine the cost to replace N through management efforts. Habitat-specific values of N removal ranged from approximately three thousand U.S. dollars per acre per year in the submerged aquatic vegetation to approximately four hundred U.S. dollars per acre per year in the subtidal flat. Because of the link between habitat type and processes such as DNF, changes in habitat area and distribution will have consequences for both ecosystem function and the delivery of ecosystem services.
Revealing History: Southeast Asian/American Writers in North Carolina Make Their Mark
Creators: name: Hong, Britney
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: As a SURF project, Hong collaborated with the South Oral History Program to conduct five oral history interviews on Southeast Asian American writers located in North Carolina. Through her qualitative research, she offers a unique insight into the intersection of writing, North Carolina identity, and the Southeast Asian/American diaspora. Her final product was in zine form.
Carroll Expansion of General Relativity
Creators: name: Hansen, Dennis
name: Obers, Niels A.
name: Oling, Gerben
name: Søgaard, Benjamin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the small speed of light expansion of general relativity, utilizing the modern perspective on non-Lorentzian geometry. This is an expansion around the ultra-local Carroll limit, in which light cones close up. To this end, we first rewrite the Einstein-Hilbert action in pre-ultra-local variables, which is closely related to the 3+1 decomposition of general relativity. At leading order in the expansion, these pre-ultra-local variables yield Carroll geometry and the resulting action describes the electric Carroll limit of general relativity. We also obtain the next-to-leading order action in terms of Carroll geometry and next-to-leading order geometric fields. The leading order theory yields constraint and evolution equations, and we can solve the evolution analytically. We furthermore construct a Carroll version of Bowen-York initial data, which has associated conserved boundary linear and angular momentum charges. The notion of mass is not present at leading order and only enters at next-to-leading order. This is illustrated by considering a particular truncation of the next-to-leading order action, corresponding to the magnetic Carroll limit, where we find a solution that describes the Carroll limit of a Schwarzschild black hole. Finally, we comment on how a cosmological constant can be incorporated in our analysis.
description: 24+5 pages, v2: added references, v3: minor revisions, v4: minor clarification, v5: fixed typo and added reference, published version
Quantifying multipartite nonlocality via the size of the resource
Creators: name: Curchod, Florian John
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Liang, Yeong-Cherng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of (Bell-)nonlocal correlations, i.e., correlations leading to the violation of a Bell-like inequality, requires the usage of a nonlocal resource, such as an entangled state. When given a correlation (a collection of conditional probability distributions) from an experiment or from a theory, it is desirable to determine the extent to which the participating parties would need to collaborate nonlocally for its (re)production. Here, we propose to achieve this via the minimal group size (MGS) of the resource, i.e., the smallest number of parties that need to share a given type of nonlocal resource for the above-mentioned purpose. In addition, we provide a general recipe --- based on the lifting of Bell-like inequalities --- to construct MGS witnesses for non-signaling resources starting from any given ones. En route to illustrating the applicability of this recipe, we also show that when restricted to the space of full-correlation functions, non-signaling resources are as powerful as unconstrained signaling resources. Explicit examples of correlations where their MGS can be determined using this recipe and other numerical techniques are provided.
description: 8+3 pages, 2 figures, 2 theorems + 1 corollary; comments very welcomed !
Additional file 1 of Rationale and evidence for the use of new beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and cefiderocol in critically ill patients
Creators: name: Barbier, François
name: Hraiech, Sami
name: Kernéis, Solen
name: Veluppillai, Nathanaël
name: Pajot, Olivier
name: Poissy, Julien
name: Roux, Damien
name: Zahar, Jean-Ralph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Criteria for literature search.
Short composite rotation robust against two common systematic errors
Creators: name: Kukita, Shingo
name: Kiya, Haruki
name: Kondo, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systematic errors hinder precise quantum control. Pulse length errors (PLEs) and off-resonance errors (OREs) are typical systematic errors that are encountered during one-qubit control. A composite pulse (CP) can help compensate for the effects of systematic errors during quantum operation. Several CPs that are robust against either PLE or ORE have been identified. However, few attempts have been made to construct CPs that are robust against both errors (bi-robust). We develop a novel bi-robust CP for one-qubit operations by modifying a PLE robust CP, which exhibits a shorter operation time than that of previously developed bi-robust CPs.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
I finanziamenti ad alta tecnologia: una sfida concettuale
Creators: name: Cian, Marco
Publisher: name: Milan Law Review
Year: 2020

description: Le operazioni di finanziamento alle imprese sono ormai investite dall’ondata di novità portata dalle tecnologie digitali. Non si è di fronte solo a innovazioni di processo (= nei processi di produzione della vicenda economico-giuridica), ma, più radicalmente, di contenuto, ossia alla produzione di vicende intrinsecamente originali. I piani su cui si consuma questa interazione sono molteplici: dell’oggetto del finanziamento (il tipo di risorsa trasferita), della relazione finanziaria (la natura della posizione giuridica sottoscritta), della dimensione dei soggetti e delle dinamiche del loro contatto. L’avvento degli applicativi e delle connessioni digitali, a ciascuno di questi livelli, è sfidante e la sfida non si concentra solo sulla ricostruzione della disciplina dal punto di vista tecnico, ma investe anzitutto le categorie concettuali sulle quali questa si fonda; lo scritto è dedicato alla considerazione delle implicazioni che si manifestano sotto quest’ultimo profilo.
description: Milan Law Review, V. 1 (2020)
From Boltzmann to incompressible Navier-Stokes in Sobolev spaces with polynomial weight
Creators: name: Briant, Marc
name: Merino-Aceituno, Sara
name: Mouhot, Clément
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the Boltzmann equation on the $d$-dimensional torus in a perturbative setting around a global equilibrium under the Navier-Stokes linearisation. We use a recent functional analysis breakthrough to prove that the linear part of the equation generates a $C^0$-semigroup with exponential decay in Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces with polynomial weight, independently on the Knudsen number. Finally we show a Cauchy theory and an exponential decay for the perturbed Boltzmann equation, uniformly in the Knudsen number, in Sobolev spaces with polynomial weight. The polynomial weight is almost optimal and furthermore, this result only requires derivatives in the space variable and allows to connect to solutions to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in these spaces.
description: 30 pages
Wide Field Imaging of van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 by Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Creators: name: Huang, Mengqi
name: Zhou, Jingcheng
name: Chen, Di
name: Lu, Hanyi
name: McLaughlin, Nathan J.
name: Li, Senlei
name: Alghamdi, Mohammed
name: Djugba, Dziga
name: Shi, Jing
name: Wang, Hailong
name: Du, Chunhui Rita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emergent color centers with accessible spins hosted by van der Waals materials have attracted substantial interest in recent years due to their significant potential for implementing transformative quantum sensing technologies. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is naturally relevant in this context due to its remarkable ease of integration into devices consisting of low-dimensional materials. Taking advantage of boron vacancy spin defects in hBN, we report nanoscale quantum imaging of low-dimensional ferromagnetism sustained in Fe3GeTe2/hBN van der Waals heterostructures. Exploiting spin relaxometry methods, we have further observed spatially varying magnetic fluctuations in the exfoliated Fe3GeTe2 flake, whose magnitude reaches a peak value around the Curie temperature. Our results demonstrate the capability of spin defects in hBN of investigating local magnetic properties of layered materials in an accessible and precise way, which can be extended readily to a broad range of miniaturized van der Waals heterostructure systems.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Interplay between Magnetism and Na concentration in $Na_xCoO_2$
Creators: name: Assadi, M. H. N.
name: Katayama-Yoshida, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through comprehensive density functional calculations, the crystallographic, magnetic and electronic properties of $Na_xCoO_2$ ($x$ = 1, 0.875, 0.75, 0.625 and 0.50) were investigated. We found that all Na ions in $NaCoO_2$ and $Na_{0.875}CoO_2$ share the basal coordinates with O ions. However, as $x$ decreases, some of Na ions move within the basal plane in order to reduce the in-plane Na$-$Na electrostatic repulsion. Magnetically, there was strong tendency for type A antiferromagnetism in the $Na_{0.75}CoO_2$ system, while all other Na deficient systems had a weaker ferromagnetic tendency. The results on magnetism were in excellent agreement with the experiments.
description: 4 Pages, 3 Figures, 1 Supplementary PDF
Boundary layer dynamics and bottom friction in combined wave-current flows over large roughness elements
Creators: name: Rosman, J.H.
name: Yu, X.
name: Hench, J.L.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2022

description: In the coastal ocean, interactions of waves and currents with large roughness elements, similar in size to wave orbital excursions, generate drag and dissipate energy. These boundary layer dynamics differ significantly from well-studied small-scale roughness. To address this problem, we derived spatially and phase-averaged momentum equations for combined wave–current flows over rough bottoms, including the canopy layer containing obstacles. These equations were decomposed into steady and oscillatory parts to investigate the effects of waves on currents, and currents on waves. We applied this framework to analyse large-eddy simulations of combined oscillatory and steady flows over hemisphere arrays (diameter D), in which current (Uc), wave velocity (Uw) and period (T) were varied. In the steady momentum budget, waves increase drag on the current, and this is balanced by the total stress at the canopy top. Dispersive stresses from oscillatory flow around obstacles are increasingly important as Uw/Uc increases. In the oscillatory momentum budget, acceleration in the canopy is balanced by pressure gradient, added-mass and form drag forces; stress gradients are small compared to other terms. Form drag is increasingly important as the Keulegan–Carpenter number KC = UwT/D and Uc/Uw increase. Decomposing the drag term illustrates that a quadratic relationship predicts the observed dependences of steady and oscillatory drag on Uc/Uw and KC. For large roughness elements, bottom friction is well represented by a friction factor(fw) defined using combined wave and current velocities in the canopy layer, which is proportional to drag coefficient and frontal area per unit plan area, and increases with KC and Uc/Uw.
Estimating Geometric Properties of Coral Reef Topography Using Obstacle- and Surface-Based Approaches
Creators: name: Duvall, M.S.
name: Rosman, J.H.
name: Hench, J.L.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: In shallow water systems like coral reefs, bottom friction is an important term in the momentum balance. Parameterizations of bottom friction require a representation of canopy geometry, which can be conceptualized as an array of discrete obstacles or a continuous surface. Here, we assess the implications of using obstacle- and surface-based representations to estimate geometric properties needed to parameterize drag. We collected high-resolution reef topography data using a scanning multibeam sonar that resolved individual coral colonies within a set of 100-m2 reef patches primarily composed of mounding Porites corals. The topography measurements yielded 1-cm resolution continuous surfaces consisting of a single elevation value for each position in a regular horizontal grid. These surfaces were analyzed by (1) defining discrete obstacles and quantifying their properties (dimensions, shapes), and (2) computing properties of the elevation field (root mean square (rms) elevations, rms slopes, spectra). We then computed the roughness density (i.e., frontal area per unit plan area) using both analysis approaches. The obstacle and surface-based estimates of roughness density did not agree, largely because small-scale topographic variations contributed significantly to total frontal area. These results challenge the common conceptualization of shallow-water canopies as obstacle arrays, which may not capture significant contributions of high-wavenumber roughness to total frontal area. In contrast, the full range of roughness length scales present in natural reefs is captured by the continuous surface representation. Parameterizations of bottom friction over reef topography could potentially be improved by representing the contributions of all length scales to total frontal area and drag.