cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Few-body physics in effective field theory
Creators: name: Hammer, H. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective Field Theory (EFT) provides a powerful framework that exploits a separation of scales in physical systems to perform systematically improvable, model-independent calculations. Particularly interesting are few-body systems with short-range interactions and large two-body scattering length. Such systems display remarkable universal features. In systems with more than two particles, a three-body force with limit cycle behavior is required for consistent renormalization already at leading order. We will review this EFT and some of its applications in the physics of cold atoms and nuclear physics. In particular, we will discuss the possibility of an infrared limit cycle in QCD. Recent extensions of the EFT approach to the four-body system and N-boson droplets in two spatial dimensions will also be addressed.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the INT Workshop on "Nuclear Forces and the Quantum Many-Body Problem", Oct. 2004
Apophylia vietnamica Samoderzhenkov 1988
Creators: name: Bezdek, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Apophylia
Apophylia vietnamica

description: Apophylia vietnamica Samoderzhenkov, 1988  Material examined. – (5). 2 females, Laos, Phongsaly province, Phongsaly environs, 1500 m, 21 41.2'N 102 6.8'E, coll. P. Pacholátko, 28 May - 20 Jun.2003 (NHMB and JBCB); 2 females, Laos, Louangnamtha province, NamthaAEMuang Sing, 900-1200 m, coll. V. Kubán ˇ, 5-31 May.1997 (NHMB); 1 female, Cambodia, without further data (NMPC).  Remarks. Described from Vietnam, known also from Laos. New record for Cambodia.
description: Published as part of Bezdek, Jan, 2005, New And Interesting Apophylia Species From South-East Asia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), pp. 35-45 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 53 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4619027
description: {"references": ["Samoderzhenkov, E. V., 1988. Zhuki-listoedy triby Galerucini (Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) fauny V'etnama. In: Medvedev, L. N. & B. R. Striganova (eds.), Fauna i ekologiya neskomykh V'etnama. Nauka, Moskva. Pp. 70 - 75 (in Russian)."]}
Corrections to reaction-diffusion dynamics above the upper critical dimension
Creators: name: Hofmann, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reaction-diffusion models are common in many areas of statistical physics, where they describe the late-time dynamics of chemical reactions. Using a Bose gas representation, which maps the real-time dynamics of the reactants to the imaginary-time evolution of an interacting Bose gas, we consider corrections to the late-time scaling of $k$-particle annihilation processes $k A \to \emptyset$ above the upper critical dimension, where mean-field theory sets the leading order. We establish that the leading corrections are not given by a small renormalization of the reaction rate due to $k$-particle memory effects, but instead set by higher-order correlation functions that capture memory effects of sub-clusters of reactants. Drawing on methods developed for ultracold quantum gases and nuclear physics, we compute these corrections exactly for various annihilation processes with $k>2$.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
CONSUMER FOOD SAFETY BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY IN HAMBURGER COOKING AND ORDERING
Creators: name: Starke, Yolanda
name: Ralston, Katherine L.
name: Brent, C. Philip
name: Riggins, Toija
name: Lin, Chung-Tung Jordan
name: Starke, Yolanda
name: Ralston, Katherine L.
name: Brent, C. Philip
name: Riggins, Toija
name: Lin, Chung-Tung Jordan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: hamburger doneness
subject: ground beef
subject: food safety
subject: food safety education
subject: E. coli O157:H7
subject: consumer behavior
subject: survey
subject: risk
subject: foodborne illness
subject: risk perceptions
subject: palatability
subject: information
subject: microbial pathogens

description: More Americans are eating hamburgers more well-done than in the past, according to national surveys. This change reduced the risk of E. coli O157:H7 infection by an estimated 4.6 percent and reduced associated medical costs and productivity losses by an estimated $7.4 million annually. In a 1996 survey, respondents who were more concerned about the risk of foodborne illness cooked and ordered hamburgers more well-done than those who were less concerned. However, respondents who strongly preferred hamburgers less well-done cooked and ordered them that way, even after accounting for their concern about the risk of illness.
BIOMASS FROM CROP RESIDUES: COST AND SUPPLY ESTIMATES
Creators: name: Gallagher, Paul W.
name: Dikeman, Mark
name: Fritz, John
name: Wailes, Eric J.
name: Gauthier, Wayne M.
name: Shapouri, Hosein
name: Gallagher, Paul W.
name: Dikeman, Mark
name: Fritz, John
name: Wailes, Eric J.
name: Gauthier, Wayne M.
name: Shapouri, Hosein
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Crop residues
subject: harvested residue
subject: residue yield
subject: supply estimates
subject: soil quality
subject: cropping regions
subject: feedstock
subject: biomass technologies
subject: reduced tillage
subject: forage

description: The supply of harvested crop residues as a feed stock for energy products is estimated in this report. The estimates account for economic and environmental factors governing residue supply. The supply results span major agricultural crops in four distinct cropping regions of the United States, taking into account local variation in cost-determining factors such as residue yield, geographic density of residues, and competition for livestock feed use.
Alternate solitons: Nonlinearly-managed one- and two-dimensional solitons in optical lattices
Creators: name: Gubeskys, Arthur
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Merhasin, Ilya M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model of Bose-Einstein condensates which combines a stationary optical lattice (OL) and periodic change of the sign of the scattering length (SL) due to the Feshbach-resonance management. Ordinary solitons and ones of the gap type being possible, respectively, in the model with constant negative and positive SL, an issue of interest is to find solitons alternating, in the case of the low-frequency modulation, between shapes of both types, across the zero-SL point. We find such \textit{alternate solitons} and identify their stability regions in the 2D and 1D models. Three types of the dynamical regimes are distinguished: stable, unstable, and semi-stable. In the latter case, the soliton sheds off a conspicuous part of its initial norm before relaxing to a stable regime. In the 2D case, the threshold (minimum number of atoms) necessary for the existence of the alternate solitons is essentially higher than its counterparts for the ordinary and gap solitons in the static model. In the 1D model, the alternate solitons are also found only above a certain threshold, while the static 1D models have no threshold. In the 1D case, stable antisymmetric alternate solitons are found too. Additionally, we consider a possibility to apply the variational approximation (VA) to the description of stationary gap solitons, in the case of constant positive SL. It predicts the solitons in the first finite bandgap very accurately, and does it reasonably well in the second gap too. In higher bands, the VA predicts a border between tightly and loosely bound solitons.
description: 10 pages + 16 figures
Additional file 1 of Elevated serum iron level is a predictor of prognosis in ICU patients with acute kidney injury
Creators: name: Shu, Jie
name: Yufeng Hu
name: Xueshu Yu
name: Jiaxiu Chen
name: Wenwei Xu
name: Pan, Jingye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Pattern of missing data in variables of interest.
Intertwined spin, charge and pair correlations in the two-dimensional Hubbard model in the thermodynamic limit
Creators: name: Mai, Peizhi
name: Karakuzu, Seher
name: Balduzzi, Giovanni
name: Johnston, Steven
name: Maier, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-temperature superconducting cuprates are governed by intertwined striped magnetic and charge orders in addition to superconductivity. Remarkably similar behavior has also been seen in numerical calculations for the Hubbard model describing the copper-oxygen layers in these materials. Finite cluster methods typically find that spin and charge stripe order dominates, while embedded quantum cluster methods, which access the thermodynamic limit, often conclude that superconductivity does. Here, we report the observation of fluctuating spin and charge stripes in an embedded cluster calculation for the Hubbard model. This discovery demonstrates that striped states survive in the thermodynamic limit and allows us to study their influence on the model's superconducting properties, where we find evidence for pair-density-wave correlations intertwined with the stripe correlations.
The Virasoro fusion kernel and Ruijsenaars' hypergeometric function
Creators: name: Roussillon, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Virasoro fusion kernel is equal to Ruijsenaars' hypergeometric function up to normalization. More precisely, we prove that the Virasoro fusion kernel is a joint eigenfunction of four difference operators. We find a renormalized version of this kernel for which the four difference operators are mapped to four versions of the quantum relativistic hyperbolic Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian tied with the root system $BC_1$. We consequently prove that the renormalized Virasoro fusion kernel and the corresponding quantum eigenfunction, the (renormalized) Ruijsenaars hypergeometric function, are equal.
description: 19 pages
Additional file 1 of Changing medical education scenario: a wakeup call for reforms in Anatomy Act
Creators: name: Lalwani, Rekha
name: Kotgirwar, Sheetal
name: Athavale, Sunita Arvind
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Additional file 1.
title: City of Folly Beach Charleston County Parks & Recreation Folly Beach Fishing Pier
title: Endangered Species Act - Section 7 Consultation Biological Opinion Charleston County Parks & Recreation Folly Beach Fishing Pier Replacement Project Number SAC-1993-10031
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Southeast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Southeast Region
Year: 2019

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; SERO-2019-01954
Running Neutrino Mass Parameters in See-Saw Scenarios
Creators: name: Antusch, Stefan
name: Kersten, Joern
name: Lindner, Manfred
name: Ratz, Michael
name: Schmidt, Michael Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically analyze quantum corrections in see-saw scenarios, including effects from above the see-saw scales. We derive approximate renormalization group equations for neutrino masses, lepton mixings and CP phases, yielding an analytic understanding and a simple estimate of the size of the effects. Even for hierarchical masses, they often exceed the precision of future experiments. Furthermore, we provide a software package allowing for a convenient numerical renormalization group analysis, with heavy singlets being integrated out successively at their mass thresholds. We also discuss applications to model building and related topics.
description: 49 pages, 9 figures; minor corrections in Sec. 6.5.1; the accompanying software packages REAP/MPT can be downloaded from http://www.ph.tum.de/~rge
Matter and Gravity in Warped Extradimensional Models: Reinterpreting Randall-Sundrum
Creators: name: Benson, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warped extra dimension claims remarkable success: solving the hierarchy problem; explaining hierarchies in particle phenomenology; yielding standard cosmology, plus interesting nonstandard scenarios. Yet it has marked shortcomings: we over-rely on a single toy model, Randall-Sundrum; we treat matter and gravity in an ad hoc, asymmetric way; and we conceptualize integrated 4D effective field theory inconsistently. I here construct sounder 4D effective field theories for matter and gravity in warped extra dimension -- whether Randall-Sundrum or higher codimension. I track both Planck and particle scales through brane formation, beginning with fully extradimensional matter and gravity, at unified scale, in gravitationally warped backgrounds with bulk electroweak symmetry-breaking. This validates hierarchy solution, as warp generically drives 4D effective Planck and particle scales apart. It evades classic obstacles to warped confinement of matter: colocalizing particles and assuring effective charge universality. Diverse particles do fail to colocalize, generically and in discussed models; however, aggregate 4D effective field theory still holds, since hierarchy solution fixes unresolvably small extradimensional radius. Electromagnetic charge universality emerges generically, and weak charge universality in the Randall-Sundrum case.
description: 13 pages, PoS proceeding for 28th Johns Hopkins Workshop on Current Problems in Particle Theory June 2004
Critical Behavior of the Two-Dimensional Randomly Driven Lattice Gas
Creators: name: Caracciolo, Sergio
name: Gambassi, Andrea
name: Gubinelli, Massimiliano
name: Pelissetto, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the critical behavior of the two-dimensional randomly driven lattice gas, in which particles are driven along one of the lattice axes by an infinite external field with randomly changing sign. A finite-size scaling (FSS) analysis provides novel evidences that this model is not in the same universality class as the driven lattice gas with a constant drive (DLG), contrarily to what has been recently reported in the literature. Indeed, the FSS functions of transverse observables (i.e., related to order-parameter fluctuations with wave vector perpendicular to the direction of the field) differ from the mean-field behavior predicted and observed within the DLG universality class. At variance with the DLG case, FSS is attained on lattices with fixed aspect ratio and anisotropy exponent equal to 1 and the transverse Binder cumulant does not vanish at the critical point.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Possible Ground-State Structure of Au26: a Highly Symmetric Tube-Like Cage
Creators: name: Fa, Wei
name: Dong, Jinming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A surprising stability of the tube-like AuN (N = 26-28) has been shown using the scalar relativistic all-electron density functional theory calculations, forming another powerful candidate for the lowest-energy AuN competing with those previously suggested space-filled structures. Unlike the icosahedral "golden" fullerene Au32, these tube-like gold clusters may be closely related to the synthesized single-wall gold nanotubes (SWGNT). The ground-state Au26 has a hollow tube-like structure constructed from the (6, 0) SWGNT, yielding a high-symmetry D6d cage, based upon which the most stable Au27 and Au28 can be obtained by capped one and two atoms, respectively.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, and 1 table
Unifying the treatment of indefinite and semidefinite perturbations in the subspace perturbation problem
Creators: name: Seelmann, Albrecht
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47A55 (Primary) 47A15, 47B15 (Secondary)

description: The variation of spectral subspaces for linear self-adjoint operators under an additive bounded perturbation is considered. The objective is to estimate the norm of the difference of two spectral projections associated with isolated parts of the spectrum of the perturbed and unperturbed operators. Recent results for semidefinite and general, not necessarily semidefinite, perturbations are unified to statements that cover both types of perturbations and, at the same time, also allow for certain perturbations that were not covered before.
description: 7 pages
Do the Poor Pay More for Food? Item Selection and Price Differences Affect Low-Income Household Food Costs
Creators: name: Kaufman, Phillip R.
name: MacDonald, James M.
name: Lutz, Steve M.
name: Smallwood, David M.
name: Kaufman, Phillip R.
name: MacDonald, James M.
name: Lutz, Steve M.
name: Smallwood, David M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: Low-income households may face higher food prices for three reasons: (1) on average, low-income households may spend less in supermarkets--which typically offer the lowest prices and greatest range of brands, package sizes, and quality choices; (2) low-income households are less likely to live in suburban locations where food prices are typically lower; and (3) supermarkets in low-income neighborhoods may charge higher prices than those in nearby higher income neighborhoods. Despite the prevailing higher prices, surveys of household food expenditures show that low-income households typically spend less than other households, on a per unit basis, for the foods they buy. Low-income households may realize lower costs by selecting more economical foods and lower quality items. In areas where food choices are limited due to the kinds and locations of foodstores, households may have sharply higher food costs.
Quantifying decoherence in continuous variable systems
Creators: name: Serafini, A.
name: Paris, M. G. A.
name: Illuminati, F.
name: De Siena, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed report on the decoherence of quantum states of continuous variable systems under the action of a quantum optical master equation resulting from the interaction with general Gaussian uncorrelated environments. The rate of decoherence is quantified by relating it to the decay rates of various, complementary measures of the quantum nature of a state, such as the purity, some nonclassicality indicators in phase space and, for two-mode states, entanglement measures and total correlations between the modes. Different sets of physically relevant initial configurations are considered, including one- and two-mode Gaussian states, number states, and coherent superpositions. Our analysis shows that, generally, the use of initially squeezed configurations does not help to preserve the coherence of Gaussian states, whereas it can be effective in protecting coherent superpositions of both number states and Gaussian wave packets.
description: Review article; 36 pages, 19 figures; typos corrected, references added
Nuclear Modification of Electron Spectra and Implications for Heavy Quark Energy Loss in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
Creators: name: PHENIX Collaboration
name: Adler, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PHENIX experiment has measured mid-rapidity transverse momentum spectra (0.4 < p_T < 5.0 GeV/c) of electrons as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV. Contributions from photon conversions and from light hadron decays, mainly Dalitz decays of pi^0 and eta mesons, were removed. The resulting non-photonic electron spectra are primarily due to the semi-leptonic decays of hadrons carrying heavy quarks. Nuclear modification factors were determined by comparison to non-photonic electrons in p+p collisions. A significant suppression of electrons at high p_T is observed in central Au+Au collisions, indicating substantial energy loss of heavy quarks.
description: 330 authors, 6 pages text, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Deformation and orientation effects in the driving potential of the dinuclear model
Creators: name: Li, Qingfeng
name: Zuo, Wei
name: Li, Wenfei
name: Wang, Nan
name: Zhao, Enguang
name: Li, Junqing
name: Scheid, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A double-folding method is used to calculate the nuclear and Coulomb interaction between two deformed nuclei with arbitrary orientations. A simplified Skryme-type interaction is adopted. The contributions of nuclear interaction and Coulomb interaction due to the deformation and orientation of the nuclei are evaluated for the driving potential used in the description of heavy-ion fusion reaction. So far there is no satisfactory theory to describe the evolution of the dynamical nuclear deformation and orientations during the heavy-ion fusion process. Our results estimated the magnitude of above effects.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. Jour. A
Additional file 2 of The value of the “Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System” (SURPAS) in preoperative consultation for elective surgery: a pilot study
Creators: name: Bronsert, Michael R.
name: Lambert-Kerzner, Anne
name: Henderson, William G.
name: Hammermeister, Karl E.
name: Chisom Atuanya
name: Aasen, Davis M.
name: Abhinav B. Singh
name: Meguid, Robert A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: eTable 2. List of procedure types undergone by study patients.
THE ROAD AHEAD: AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM IN THE WTO -- SUMMARY REPORT
Creators: name: Burfisher, Mary E.
name: Burfisher, Mary E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Agricultural trade barriers and producer subsidies inflict real costs, both on the countriesvthat use these policies and on their trade partners. Trade barriers lower demand for trade partners' products, domestic subsidies can induce an oversupply of agricultural products which depresses world prices, and export subsidies create increased competition for producers in other countries. Eliminating global agricultural policy distortions would result in an annual world welfare gain of $56 billion. High protection for agricultural commodities in the form of tariffs continues to be the major factor restricting world trade. In 2000, World Trade Organization (WTO) members continued global negotiations on agricultural policy reform. To help policymakers and others realize what is at stake in the global agricultural negotiations, this report quantifies the costs of global agricultural distortions and the potential benefits of their full elimination. It also analyzes the effects on U.S. and world agriculture if only partial reform is achieved in liberalizing tariffs, tariff-rate quotas (limits on imported goods), domestic support, and export subsidies.
A Toy Model for Testing Finite Element Methods to Simulate Extreme-Mass-Ratio Binary Systems
Creators: name: Sopuerta, Carlos F.
name: Sun, Pengtao
name: Laguna, Pablo
name: Xu, Jinchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme mass ratio binary systems, binaries involving stellar mass objects orbiting massive black holes, are considered to be a primary source of gravitational radiation to be detected by the space-based interferometer LISA. The numerical modelling of these binary systems is extremely challenging because the scales involved expand over several orders of magnitude. One needs to handle large wavelength scales comparable to the size of the massive black hole and, at the same time, to resolve the scales in the vicinity of the small companion where radiation reaction effects play a crucial role. Adaptive finite element methods, in which quantitative control of errors is achieved automatically by finite element mesh adaptivity based on posteriori error estimation, are a natural choice that has great potential for achieving the high level of adaptivity required in these simulations. To demonstrate this, we present the results of simulations of a toy model, consisting of a point-like source orbiting a black hole under the action of a scalar gravitational field.
description: 29 pages, 37 figures. RevTeX 4.0. Minor changes to match the published version
ECONOMICS OF FOOD LABELING
Creators: name: Golan, Elise H.
name: Kuchler, Fred
name: Mitchell, Lorraine
name: Golan, Elise H.
name: Kuchler, Fred
name: Mitchell, Lorraine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: labeling
subject: information policy
subject: Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
subject: dolphin-safe tuna
subject: national organic standards
subject: country-of-origin labels
subject: biotech food labeling

description: Federal intervention in food labeling is often proposed with the aim of achieving a social goal such as improving human health and safety, mitigating environmental hazards, averting international trade disputes, or supporting domestic agricultural and food manufacturing industries. Economic theory suggests, however, that mandatory food-labeling requirements are best suited to alleviating problems of asymmetric information and are rarely effective in redressing environmental or other spillovers associated with food production and consumption. Theory also suggests that the appropriate role for government in labeling depends on the type of information involved and the level and distribution of the costs and benefits of providing that information. This report traces the economic theory behind food labeling and presents three case studies in which the government has intervened in labeling and two examples in which government intervention has been proposed.
Conformal Fluid Dynamics
Creators: name: Jarvis, P. D.
name: van Holten, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a conformal theory of a dissipationless relativistic fluid in 2 space-time dimensions. The theory carries with it a representation of the algebra of 2-$D$ area-preserving diffeomorphisms in the target space of the complex scalar potentials. A complete canonical description is given, and the central charge of the current algebra is calculated. The passage to the quantum theory is discussed in some detail; as a result of operator ordering problems, full quantization at the level of the fields is as yet an open problem.
description: 17 pages, no figures
Moving Toward the Food Guide Pyramid: Implications for U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Young, C. Edwin
name: Kantor, Linda Scott
name: Young, C. Edwin
name: Kantor, Linda Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food
subject: food consumption
subject: Food Guide Pyramid
subject: crop production
subject: commodity prices
subject: trade
subject: dietary recommendations
subject: 1996 Farm Act

description: Recent studies show that average diets differ considerably from Food Guide Pyramid recommendations. The gap between current consumption and recommendations is particularly large for caloric sweeteners, fats and oils, fruits, and certain vegetables, notably dark-green leafy and deep-yellow vegetables, and dry beans, peas, and lentils. The change in food consumption needed to meet Food Guide Pyramid serving recommendations will result in adjustments in U.S. agricultural production, trade, nonfood uses, and prices. The net adjustment in crop acreage is projected to be relatively small, about 2 percent of total cropland in 1991-95. However, this small net adjustment masks larger anticipated changes for some sectors, particularly sweeteners, fats and oils, and citrus fruits.
Periodic orbits and homoclinic loops for surface homeomorphisms
Creators: name: Hirsch, Morris W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E30

description: Let p be a saddle fixed point for an orientation-preserving surface diffeomorphism f admitting a homoclinic point q. Let V be an open 2-cell bounded by a simple loop formed by two arcs joining p to q lying respectively in the stable and unstable curves at p. It is shown that f|V has fixed point index 1 or 2 depending only on the geometry of V near p.
description: Slight correction of published version. 13 pages
Quadratic optomechanical cooling of a cavity-levitated nanosphere
Creators: name: Bullier, N. P.
name: Pontin, A.
name: Barker, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on cooling the center-of-mass motion of a nanoparticle due to a purely quadratic coupling between its motion and the optical field of a high finesse cavity. The resulting interaction gives rise to a Van der Pol nonlinear damping, which is analogous to conventional parametric feedback where the cavity provides passive feedback without measurement. We show experimentally that like feedback cooling the resulting energy distribution is strongly nonthermal and can be controlled by the nonlinear damping of the cavity. As quadratic coupling has a prominent role in proposed protocols to generate deeply nonclassical states, our work represents a first step for producing such states in a levitated system.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 7 of Piperaquine resistant Cambodian Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates: in vitro genotypic and phenotypic characterization
Creators: name: Boonyalai, Nonlawat
name: Vesely, Brian A.
name: Chatchadaporn Thamnurak
name: Chantida Praditpol
name: Watcharintorn Fagnark
name: Kirakarn Kirativanich
name: Piyaporn Saingam
name: Chaiyaporn Chaisatit
name: Paphavee Lertsethtakarn
name: Panita Gosi
name: Worachet Kuntawunginn
name: Pattaraporn Vanachayangkul
name: Spring, Michele D.
name: Fukuda, Mark M.
name: Chanthap Lon
name: Smith, Philip L.
name: Waters, Norman C.
name: Saunders, David L.
name: Wojnarski, Mariusz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 7: Table S6. In vitro drug combination assay for 9 combinations in asexual stages of different P. falciparum strains. DHA, dihydroartemisinin; CQ, chloroquine; MQ, mefloquine; PPQ, piperaquine; ATQ, atovaquone; PG, proguanil; TQ, tafenoquine; PND, pyronaridine. ΣFIC50 (50% Fractional Inhibitory Concentrations), synergism when ΣFIC50 ≤ 0.5; toward synergism when ΣFIC50 1; antagonism when ΣFIC50 ≥ 2 to 4. The values show the mean ± S.D of 3 independent assays for each parasite line.
The relationship between two flavors of oblivious transfer at the quantum level
Creators: name: He, Guang-Ping
name: Wang, Z. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Though all-or-nothing oblivious transfer and one-out-of-two oblivious transfer are equivalent in classical cryptography, we here show that due to the nature of quantum cryptography, a protocol built upon secure quantum all-or-nothing oblivious transfer cannot satisfy the rigorous definition of quantum one-out-of-two oblivious transfer.
description: 4 pages, no figure
Additional file 1 of The value of the “Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System” (SURPAS) in preoperative consultation for elective surgery: a pilot study
Creators: name: Bronsert, Michael R.
name: Lambert-Kerzner, Anne
name: Henderson, William G.
name: Hammermeister, Karl E.
name: Chisom Atuanya
name: Aasen, Davis M.
name: Abhinav B. Singh
name: Meguid, Robert A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: eTable 1. Demographics of patient undergoing elective surgery in the University of Colorado Hospital National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from January 1, 2017 to July 31, 2017.
Markov extensions and lifting measures for complex polynomials
Creators: name: Bruin, Henk
name: Todd, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D25 (Primary); 37F10; 37F35; 37C40 (Secondary)

description: For polynomials $f$ on the complex plane with a dendrite Julia set we study invariant probability measures, obtained from a reference measure. To do this we follow Keller in constructing canonical Markov extensions. We discuss ``liftability'' of measures (both $f$-invariant and non-invariant) to the Markov extension, showing that invariant measures are liftable if and only if they have a positive Lyapunov exponent. We also show that $δ$-conformal measure is liftable if and only if the set of points with positive Lyapunov exponent has positive measure.
description: Some changes have been made, in particular to Sections 2 and 3, to clarify the exposition. Typos have been corrected and references updated
Accurate mapping of spherically symmetric black holes in a parameterised framework
Creators: name: Kocherlakota, Prashant
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rezzolla-Zhidenko (RZ) framework provides an efficient approach to characterize spherically symmetric black-hole spacetimes in arbitrary metric theories of gravity using a small number of variables [L. Rezzolla and A. Zhidenko, Phys. Rev. D. 90, 084009 (2014)]. These variables can be obtained in principle from near-horizon measurements of various astrophysical processes, thus potentially enabling efficient tests of both black-hole properties and the theory of general relativity in the strong-field regime. Here, we extend this framework to allow for the parametrization of arbitrary asymptotically-flat, spherically symmetric metrics and introduce the notion of a 11-dimensional (11D) parametrization space $Π$, on which each solution can be visualised as a curve or surface. An $\mathscr{L}^2$ norm on this space is used to measure the deviation of a particular compact object solution from the Schwarzschild black-hole solution. We calculate various observables, related to particle and photon orbits, within this framework and demonstrate that the relative errors we obtain are low (about $10^{-6}$). In particular, we obtain the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) frequency, the unstable photon-orbit impact parameter (shadow radius), the entire orbital angular speed profile for circular Kepler observers and the entire lensing deflection angle curve for various types of compact objects, including non-singular and singular black holes, boson stars and naked singularities, from various theories of gravity. Finally, we provide in a tabular form the first 11 coefficients of the fourth-order RZ parameterization needed to describe a variety of commonly used black-hole spacetimes. When comparing with the first-order RZ parameterization of astrophysical observables such as the ISCO frequency, the coefficients provided here increase the accuracy of two orders of magnitude or more.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables. Comments welcome
Neubauer, Edith: Altgeorgische Baukunst
Creators: name: Wessel, Klaus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 61 (1977): Oriens christianus, Band 61
LINKING LAND QUALITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AND FOOD SECURITY
Creators: name: Wiebe, Keith D.
name: Wiebe, Keith D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Land quality
subject: land degradation
subject: soil erosion
subject: agricultural productivity
subject: food security

description: Land quality and land degradation affect agricultural productivity, but quantifying these relationships has been difficult. Data are limited, and impacts are sensitive to the choices that farmers make. Summarizing new research by economists, soil scientists, and geographers, this report explores the extent to which land quality and land degradation affect agricultural productivity, how farmers' responses to land degradation are influenced by economic, environmental, and institutional factors, and whether land degradation poses a threat to productivity growth and food security. Results suggest that land degradation does not threaten food security at the global scale, but does pose problems in areas where soils are fragile, property rights are insecure, and farmers have limited access to information and markets.
Bioleaching of enargite
Creators: name: Steer, Cheryl Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Enargite (Cu₃AsS₄) is a refractory mineral that has not been investigated extensively with respect to copper leaching. The two main challenges to its leaching is its very refractory nature, which some sources consider to be more refractory than chalcopyrite; and the mineral contains arsenic, and possibly small amounts of antimony, which will pose a challenge for the processing and the ultimate disposal of these elements. Initially, the leaching of enargite as discussed in the literature has been reviewed. It was found that the information on the leaching of enargite is sparse, and the research that has been conducted indicates that enargite is not viable to leaching. The purpose of the current work is to determine the leachability of enargite, concentrating on the bioleaching aspects. In this respect, mesophiles, moderate thermophiles, and extreme thermophiles were used at their respective temperatures using various pulp densities (19, 33, 48 and 95 g/L) and particle sizes (nominal P[sub 80] sizes of 10, 15, and 37 microns). Under these experimental conditions, it was determined that almost complete extraction of copper could be achieved using extreme thermophiles, with low pulp densities and smaller particle sizes. For the mesophiles, the decrease in particle size caused a small increase in copper extraction than that reported in the literature. Other important observations have been noted: in the mesophile and moderate thermophile leach solutions, it is very clear that pyrite is being leached preferentially to the enargite and the iron is reporting to solution. In the extreme thermophiles, however, the iron is reporting to the solid residue, possibly as a precipitate. More work will be needed to determine the viability of bioleaching enargite in a commercial process. Furthermore, many other methods by which enargite may potentially be leached have yet to be explored. For instance, chloride leaching or sulphate leaching using finer grinds and a variety of conditions may need to be considered in the future.
Entanglement wedge cross section for noncommutative Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Anirban Roy
name: Saha, Ashis
name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The signature of noncommutativity on various measures of entanglement has been observed by considering the holographic dual of noncommutative super Yang-Mills theory. We have followed a systematic analytical approach in order to compute the holographic entanglement entropy corresponding to a strip like subsystem of length $l$. The relationship between the subsystem size (in dimensionless form) $\frac{l}{a}$ and the turning point (in dimensionless form) introduces a critical length scale $\frac{l_c}{a}$ which leads to three domains in the theory, namely, the deep UV domain ($l< l_c$; $au_{t}\gg 1$, $au_{t}\sim au_{b}$), deep noncommutative domain ($l> l_c,~au_{b}>au_t\gg 1$) and deep IR domain ($l> l_c,~au_t\ll 1$). This in turn means that the length scale $l_c$ distinctly points out the UV/IR mixing property of the non-local theory under consideration. We have carried out the holographic study of entanglement entropy for each of these domains by employing both analytical and numerical techniques. The broken Lorentz symmetry induced by noncommutativity has motivated us to redefine the entropic $c$-function. We have obtained the noncommutative correction to the $c$-function upto leading order in the noncommutative parameter. We have also looked at the behaviour of this quantity over all the domains of the theory. We then move on to compute the minimal cross-section area of the entanglement wedge by considering two disjoint subsystems $A$ and $B$. On the basis of $E_P = E_W$ duality, this leads to the holographic computation of the entanglement of purification. The correlation between two subsystems, namely, the holographic mutual information $I(A:B)$ has also been computed. Moreover, the computations of $E_W$ and $I(A:B)$ has been done for each of the domains in the theory. We have then briefly discussed the effect of the UV cut-off on the IR behaviours of these quantities.
description: v1:18 pages LaTex, v2:25 pages LaTex, New results have been added, v3:25 pages, substantial changes have been made, v4: to appear in JHEP
The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: An Update
Creators: name: Shapouri, Hosein
name: Duffield, James A.
name: Wang, Michael Q.
name: Shapouri, Hosein
name: Duffield, James A.
name: Wang, Michael Q.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: ethanol
subject: net energy balance
subject: corn production
subject: energy

description: Studies conducted since the late 1970s have estimated the net energy value (NEV) of corn ethanol. However, variations in data and assumptions used among the studies have resulted in a wide range of estimates. This study identifies the factors causing this wide variation and develops a more consistent estimate. We conclude that the NEV of corn ethanol has been rising over time due to technological advances in ethanol conversion and increased efficiency in farm production. We show that corn ethanol is energy efficient as indicated by an energy output:input ratio of 1.34.
Gamma-ray Observations of Explosive Nucleosynthesis Products
Creators: name: Vink, Jacco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review I discuss the various gamma-ray emission lines that are expected and have been observed from radioactive explosive nucleosynthesis products. The most important gamma-ray lines result from the decay chains of Ni-56, Ni-57, and Ti-44. Ni-56 is the prime explosive nucleosynthesis product of Type Ia supernovae, but Ni-56 is also a product of core-collapse supernovae. Gamma-ray line emission from its daughter product, Co-56, has been detected from SN1987A. The early occurrence of this emission indicates that some fraction of Ni-56, which is synthesized in the innermost supernova layers, must have mixed with the outermost ejecta. Special attention is given to the gamma-ray line emission of the decay chain of Ti-44, giving line emission at 68 keV, 78 keV, and 1157keV. Given its decay time of 86 yr, one expects this line emission from young supernova remnants. The Ti-44 production is very sensitive to the explosion properties This makes Ti-44 an ideal tool to study the inner layers of the supernova explosion. The gamma-ray line emission from Ti-44 has so far only been detected from the supernova remnant Cas A. I discuss these detections, which were made by COMPTEL and BeppoSAX, which suggest a Ti-44 yield of (1.5+/-1.0)x10^{-4} Msun. Moreover, I present some preliminary results of Cas A observations by INTEGRAL, which has yielded a 3sigma detection of the 68 keV line with the ISGRI instrument at a level consistent with the BeppoSAX results. A preliminary analysis of the vailable INTEGRAL-SPI data indicates that narrow line emission (Delta v < 1000 km/s) can be almost excluded at the 2sigma level. (Abridged)
description: Invited review given at the 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Paris, July 18-25 2004, session E1.4 (joint session with E1.5) 'Young Neutron Stars and Supernova Remnants' edited by C. Rakowski and S. Chatterjee. 11 pages, AdSpR emulate style
Dumbarton Oaks Papers No. 29 Washington D.C. 1975
Creators: name: Wessel, Klaus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 61 (1977): Oriens christianus, Band 61