cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decay and recurrence of non-Gaussian correlations in a quantum many-body system
Creators: name: Gluza, Marek
name: Schweigler, Thomas
name: Tajik, Mohammadamin
name: Sotiriadis, Spyros
name: Cataldini, Federica
name: Ji, Si-Cong
name: Møller, Frederik S.
name: Sabino, João
name: Rauer, Bernhard
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Schmiedmayer, Jörg
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bose–Einstein condensates
subject: Quantum simulation
subject: Statistical physics
subject: Ultracold gases
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Gaussian models provide an excellent effective description of many quantum many-body systems ranging from condensed-matter systems1,2 all the way to neutron stars3. Gaussian states are common at equilibrium when the interactions are weak. Recently it was proposed that they can also emerge dynamically from a non-Gaussian initial state evolving under non-interacting dynamics4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Here we present the experimental observation of such a dynamical emergence of Gaussian correlations in a quantum many-body system. This non-equilibrium evolution is triggered by abruptly switching off the effective interaction between the observed collective degrees of freedom, while leaving the interactions between the microscopic constituents unchanged. Starting from highly non-Gaussian correlations, consistent with the sine–Gordon model12, we observe a Gaussian state emerging over time as revealed by the decay of the fourth- and sixth-order connected correlations in the quantum field. A description of this dynamics requires a novel mechanism for the emergence of Gaussian correlations, which is relevant for a wide class of quantum many-body systems. In our closed system with non-interacting effective degrees of freedom, we do not expect full thermalization13,14,15,16,17,18,19. This memory of the initial state is confirmed by observing recurrences20 of non-Gaussian correlations.
PR - THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Owusu-Sekyere, Enoch
name: Jordaan, Henry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Carbon footprint
subject: compensating surplus
subject: sustainable products

description: The purpose of this paper was to estimate consumersâ€™ preferences for environmentally sustainable beef products, with the aim of developing and promoting environmentally sustainable products in South Africa. The findings reveal that there is profound preference heterogeneity at segment level for environmentally sustainable beef products. We identified three distinct consumer segments. We demonstrate that socioeconomic factors, public awareness creation and campaigns on threats posed by climate changes, subjective and objective knowledge on environmental sustainability significantly explain consumersâ€™ choice of environmentally sustainable beef products. Furthermore, it is concluded that there are relevant segmental equity issues that need to be addressed when designing environmental sustainability policies to promote ecologically sustainable products. Finally, we demonstrate that there is a potential market for environmentally sustainable products in South Africa.
description: Twenty-Second International Farm Management Congress, Tasmania, Australia, March 3-8, 2019
Encoding-dependent generalization bounds for parametrized quantum circuits
Creators: name: Caro, Matthias C.
name: Gil-Fuster, Elies
name: Meyer, Johannes
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Sweke, Ryan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: parametrized quantum circuits
subject: machine learning
subject: hybrid quantum-classical optimization
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: A large body of recent work has begun to explore the potential of parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) as machine learning models, within the framework of hybrid quantum-classical optimization. In particular, theoretical guarantees on the out-of-sample performance of such models, in terms of generalization bounds, have emerged. However, none of these generalization bounds depend explicitly on how the classical input data is encoded into the PQC. We derive generalization bounds for PQC-based models that depend explicitly on the strategy used for data-encoding. These imply bounds on the performance of trained PQC-based models on unseen data. Moreover, our results facilitate the selection of optimal data-encoding strategies via structural risk minimization, a mathematically rigorous framework for model selection. We obtain our generalization bounds by bounding the complexity of PQC-based models as measured by the Rademacher complexity and the metric entropy, two complexity measures from statistical learning theory. To achieve this, we rely on a representation of PQC-based models via trigonometric functions. Our generalization bounds emphasize the importance of well-considered data-encoding strategies for PQC-based models.
On the dependence between UV luminosity and Lyman-alpha equivalent width in high redshift galaxies
Creators: name: Nilsson, Kim K.
name: Moeller-Nilsson, Ole
name: Moeller, Palle
name: Fynbo, Johan P. U.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that with the simple assumption of no correlation between the Ly-alpha equivalent width and the UV luminosity of a galaxy, the observed distribution of high redshift galaxies in an equivalent width - absolute UV magnitude plane can be reproduced. We further show that there is no dependence between Ly-alpha equivalent width and Ly-alpha luminosity in a sample of Ly-alpha emitters. The test was expanded to Lyman-break galaxies and again no dependence was found. Simultaneously, we show that a recently proposed lack of large equivalent width, UV bright galaxies (Ando et al. 2006) can be explained by a simple observational effect, based on too small survey volumes.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted in MNRAS
PR - BUYING AN AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR FOR COMMERCIAL FARMING IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Bisschoff, C.A.
name: Grainger, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: commercial farmer
subject: buyer behaviour
subject: tractor

description: The agricultural tractor market in South Africa and more particular the landlocked bread basket status of the North West province, near the productive Gauteng area is fiercely competitive with all the main manufacturers of tractors competing in this province. This led to the main objective of this study, namely to determine the factors that influence the buying behaviour of farmers in the North West province when they decide to purchase an agricultural tractor. The literature is founded in the buyer decision making process. The empirical study used quantitative research consisting of a questionnaire that captured responses on a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaires were distributed to the study population at farmer days and study group meetings. The results showed that 62% of the farmers are between the age of 35 and 54 years. The farmers indicated that financial concerns rate high in their decision making as they tend to buy agricultural tractors in â€œgoodâ€ farming years. The results also indicated that the most important buying behavioural influences when a farmer buys a tractor are Economy and finance, Maintenance, Tractor convenience, Tractor management system, Dealer orientation, Mechanical performance, Delivery functionality and Infrastructure and supporting equipment.
description: Twenty-Second International Farm Management Congress, Tasmania, Australia, March 3-8, 2019
Activity of middle ear muscles under certain pure tone and noise conditions
Creators: name: Hatch, Marion Beryl
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This investigation was concerned with measurements of middle ear muscle activity. Specifically, the investigation was designed: (a) to compare reflex thresholds for pure tone(PT), octave band noise(OBN), and one-third octave band noise(TQBN); (b) to study middle ear muscle activity during a five minute exposure to these stimuli at 114 dB SPL; and (c) to compare middle ear muscle activity for stimuli of different frequencies. Eighteen subjects were divided into two groups. Group I subjects were exposed to a 700 Hz PT, to OBN with center frequency 500 Hz, and TOBN with center frequency 630 Hz; Group II subjects were exposed to a 1400 Hz PT, to OBN with center frequency 1000 Hz, and TOBN with center frequency 1250 Hz. A Madsen Electroacoustic Impedance Bridge and graphic recorder were used to record impedance changes during stimulation with the above stimuli. These impedance changes were assumed to reflect muscle activity. Thresholds for the acoustic reflex were determined using standard procedures. Analysis of results indicated muscle activity decreased progressively during stimulation. Reflex decay was significantly greater for stimulation with PT than for stimulation with OBN(Groups I and II) and TOBN(Group II). It was noted that reflex decay was less during stimulation with a 700 Hz PT than during stimulation with a 1400 Hz PT. Finally, it was observed that reflex thresholds were higher for PT than for OBN and TOBN. Decrease in muscle activity during acoustic stimulation was discussed in terms of adaptation and possibly central mechanisms; the characteristics of the stimuli were compared and discussed, as a possible explanation for differences in results obtained for tones and noise.
PR- COOPERATION OF DUTCH FARMERS IN FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS
Creators: name: Baltussen, Willy
name: Logatcheva, Katja
name: Van Galen, Michiel
name: Reinders, Machiel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: cooperation
subject: supply chain
subject: food

description: In 2018 the position of the primary producers in the Netherlands was investigated by a desk study, a survey among primary producers and a workshop with primary producers. The aim of the paper is to show the present position of Dutch primary producers in food supply chains, their opinion about cooperation and their opinion about unfair practices. The main result is that most primary producers consider their position in the supply chain to be relatively weak compared to food processors and retail. Furthermore, a large majority of the primary producers indicated to work together with colleagues, with huge differences between sectors in kind of cooperation. Notwithstanding the cooperation between primary producers in the Netherlands, supply and demand on the international market tends to determine the price of agricultural products. There is plenty of room for cooperation among farmers within the EU and national legislation without any fear for competition law. This room has recently further extended to support the position of primary producers. In contrast, the possibilities for cooperation in supply chains is far more limited by competition law. Most primary producers have little or no experience with unfair commercial practices by buyers.
description: Twenty-Second International Farm Management Congress, Tasmania, Australia, March 3-8, 2019
Distinct immune evasion in APOBEC‐enriched, HPV‐negative HNSCC
Creators: name: Messerschmidt, Clemens
name: Obermayer, Benedikt
name: Klinghammer, Konrad
name: Ochsenreither, Sebastian
name: Treue, Denise
name: Stenzinger, Albrecht
name: Glimm, Hanno
name: Fröhling, Stefan
name: Kindler, Thomas
name: Brandts, Christian H.
name: Schulze‐Osthoff, Klaus
name: Weichert, Wilko
name: Tinhofer, Ingeborg
name: Klauschen, Frederick
name: Keilholz, Ulrich
name: Beule, Dieter
name: Rieke, Damian T.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: immune checkpoint inhibition
subject: head and neck cancer
subject: APOBEC
subject: mutational signature
subject: tumor inflammation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Immune checkpoint inhibition leads to response in some patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Robust biomarkers are lacking to date. We analyzed viral status, gene expression signatures, mutational load and mutational signatures in whole exome and RNA-sequencing data of the HNSCC TCGA dataset (n = 496) and a validation set (DKTK MASTER cohort, n = 10). Public single-cell gene expression data from 17 HPV-negative HNSCC were separately reanalyzed. APOBEC3-associated TCW motif mutations but not total single nucleotide variant burden were significantly associated with inflammation. This association was restricted to HPV-negative HNSCC samples. An APOBEC-enriched, HPV-negative subgroup was identified, that showed higher T-cell inflammation and immune checkpoint expression, as well as expression of APOBEC3 genes. Mutations in immune-evasion pathways were also enriched in these tumors. Analysis of single-cell sequencing data identified expression of APOBEC3B and 3C genes in malignant cells. We identified an APOBEC-enriched subgroup of HPV-negative HNSCC with a distinct immunogenic phenotype, potentially mediating response to immunotherapy.
Einfluss klinischer Parameter auf die Mukosa-assoziierte bakterielle Zusammensetzung in chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Creators: name: Alberts, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die Mukosa-assoziierte Bakterienzusammensetzung des Darms von 26 MC Patienten und 7 CU Patienten wurde mit Hilfe der 16S rRNA Genamplikon Sequenzierung analysiert. Es wurde der Einfluss der Krankheitsaktivität, einer TNF-α-Blocker Behandlung, des mukosalen Entzündungsstatus und das Vorliegen einer NOD2-Mutation auf die intestinale Bakterienzusammensetzung bestimmt.
Induced cosmological constant and other features of asymmetric brane embedding
Creators: name: Shtanov, Yuri
name: Sahni, Varun
name: Shafieloo, Arman
name: Toporensky, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the cosmological properties of an "induced gravity" brane scenario in the absence of mirror symmetry with respect to the brane. We find that brane evolution can proceed along one of four distinct branches. By contrast, when mirror symmetry is imposed, only two branches exist, one of which represents the self-accelerating brane, while the other is the so-called normal branch. This model incorporates many of the well-known possibilities of brane cosmology including phantom acceleration (w < -1), self-acceleration, transient acceleration, quiescent singularities, and cosmic mimicry. Significantly, the absence of mirror symmetry also provides an interesting way of inducing a sufficiently small cosmological constant on the brane. A small (positive) Lambda-term in this case is induced by a small asymmetry in the values of bulk fundamental constants on the two sides of the brane.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures. New results and two figures discussing transient acceleration are included. Version accepted for publication in JCAP
PR - DEPRECIATION: BALANCING THE SHORT GAME AGAINST THE LONG GAME - A UNITED STATES PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Van Der Hoeven, Guido
name: Hobbs, J.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Farm Management
subject: depreciation
subject: financial risk
subject: management

description: This paper discusses and illustrates potential financial risk exposure farmers and ranchers may have as a result of accelerated depreciation options in the United States. The recent passage of tax reform legislation in the United States provides mechanisms to significantly reduce business generated taxable income. However, farmers and ranchers should consider mid- to long-term implications of making current year depreciation decisions relative to financial risk exposure of their agricultural businesses.
description: Twenty-Second International Farm Management Congress, Tasmania, Australia, March 3-8, 2019
Quantum Metric in Step Response
Creators: name: Verma, Nishchhal
name: Queiroz, Raquel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum geometry of Bloch wavefunctions has gained considerable interest with the discovery of moiré materials that exhibit bands flattened by quantum interference. The quantum metric, the symmetric part of the quantum geometric tensor, influences several observables, such as the dielectric constant, superfluid stiffness and optical spectral weight. However, a direct measurement of the metric itself has remained elusive so far. In linear response functions such as the conductivity, the matrix elements of the metric typically appear convoluted with energy prefactors, preventing finding an observable that is directly proportional to the total quantum metric. The only observable that may extract it is the integrated optical spectral weight weighted by the inverse frequency, a generalized sum rule known as the Souza-Wilkens-Martin (SWM) sum rule. However, the sum rule comes with experimental challenges, such as requiring a large spectrum of frequency resolution. In this work, we propose relaxation from constrained equilibrium as a method to directly measure the symmetric part of the time-dependent quantum geometric tensor (tQGT), which at $t=0$ is the quantum metric. Additionally, we comment on other geometric properties of insulators that are absent in the frequency expansions of conductivity in insulators but can, in principle, be revealed in step response.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
A theory for wind tunnel wall corrections
Creators: name: Williams, C. D. (Christopher Dwight)
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Wall correction theories for two-dimensional airfoils in wind tunnels with partly open walls are examined. Conventional wall correction theories are linearized theories, valid only for small thin models of slight camber at low angles of attack. Such theories are shown to be useless for the prediction of the required wall corrections for large models, models at high angles of attack, or models developing high lift. An exact numerical theory is presented in which it is not necessary to make these assumptions. The airfoil and any solid wall sections are represented by surface source and vortex singularities as in the method of A.M.O. Smith. Aerodynamic lift is determined by numerical integration of the calculated pressure distributions around the airfoil contour. The theory indicates that certain wall configurations will require small or negligible wall corrections for tests on lifting airfoils.
Inhibiting phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase counteracts chemotherapeutic efficacy against MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma
Creators: name: Arlt, Birte
name: Zasada, Christin
name: Baum, Katharina
name: Wuenschel, Jasmin
name: Mastrobuoni, Guido
name: Lodrini, Marco
name: Astrahantseff, Kathy
name: Winkler, Annika
name: Schulte, Johannes H.
name: Finkler, Sabine
name: Forbes, Martin
name: Hundsdoerfer, Patrick
name: Guergen, Dennis
name: Hoffmann, Jens
name: Wolf, Jana
name: Eggert, Angelika
name: Kempa, Stefan
name: Deubzer, Hedwig E.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cancer cell metabolism
subject: cell death
subject: de novo serine synthesis pathway
subject: one-carbon metabolism
subject: therapy resistance
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Here we sought metabolic alterations specifically associated with MYCN amplification as nodes to indirectly target the MYCN oncogene. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified seven proteins consistently correlated with MYCN in proteomes from 49 neuroblastoma biopsies and 13 cell lines. Among these was phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo serine synthesis. MYCN associated with two regions in the PHGDH promoter, supporting transcriptional PHGDH regulation by MYCN. Pulsed stable isotope-resolved metabolomics utilizing C-13-glucose labeling demonstrated higher de novo serine synthesis in MYCN-amplified cells compared to cells with diploid MYCN. An independence of MYCN-amplified cells from exogenous serine and glycine was demonstrated by serine and glycine starvation, which attenuated nucleotide pools and proliferation only in cells with diploid MYCN but did not diminish these endpoints in MYCN-amplified cells. Proliferation was attenuated in MYCN-amplified cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PHGDH knockout or treatment with PHGDH small molecule inhibitors without affecting cell viability. PHGDH inhibitors administered as single-agent therapy to NOG mice harboring patient-derived MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma xenografts slowed tumor growth. However, combining a PHGDH inhibitor with the standard-of-care chemotherapy drug, cisplatin, revealed antagonism of chemotherapy efficacy in vivo. Emergence of chemotherapy resistance was confirmed in the genetic PHGDH knockout model in vitro. Altogether, PHGDH knockout or inhibition by small molecules consistently slows proliferation, but stops short of killing the cells, which then establish resistance to classical chemotherapy. Although PHGDH inhibition with small molecules has produced encouraging results in other preclinical cancer models, this approach has limited attractiveness for patients with neuroblastoma.
Quasiparticle Interference in STM As a Function of Temperature: Signatures of Coherence
Creators: name: Wulin, Dan
name: He, Yan
name: Chien, Chih-Chun
name: Morr, Dirk K.
name: Levin, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explore the behavior of the quasi-particle interference pattern (QPI) of scanning tunneling microscopy as a function of temperature, $T$. After insuring a minimal consistency with photoemission, we find that the QPI pattern is profoundly sensitive to quasi-particle coherence and that it manifests two energy gap scales. The nearly dispersionless QPI pattern above $T_c$ is consistent with data on moderately underdoped cuprates. To illustrate the important two energy scale physics we present predictions of the QPI--inferred energy gaps as a function of $T$ for future experiments on moderately underdoped cuprates.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Stellar population and dust extinction in an ultraluminous infrared galaxy at z=1.135
Creators: name: Kawara, K.
name: Oyabu, S.
name: Matsuoka, Y.
name: Yoshii, Y.
name: Minezaki, T.
name: Sameshima, H.
name: Asami, N.
name: Ienaka, N.
name: Kozasa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the detailed optical to far-infrared observations of SST J1604+4304, an ULIRG at z = 1.135. Analyzing the stellar absorption lines, namely, the CaII H & K and Balmer H lines in the optical spectrum, we derive the upper limits of an age for the stellar population. Given this constraint, the minimum {chi}^2 method is used to fit the stellar population models to the observed SED from 0.44 to 5.8um. We find the following properties. The stellar population has an age 40 - 200 Myr with a metallicity 2.5 Z_{sun}. The starlight is reddened by E(B-V) = 0.8. The reddening is caused by the foreground dust screen, indicating that dust is depleted in the starburst site and the starburst site is surrounded by a dust shell. The infrared (8-1000um) luminosity is L_{ir} = 1.78 +/- 0.63 * 10^{12} L_{sun}. This is two times greater than that expected from the observed starlight, suggesting either that 1/2 of the starburst site is completely obscured at UV-optical wavelengths, or that 1/2 of L_{ir} comes from AGN emission. The inferred dust mass is 2.0 +/- 1.0 * 10^8 M_{sun}. This is sufficient to form a shell surrounding the galaxy with an optical depth E(B-V) = 0.8. From our best stellar population model - an instantaneous starburst with an age 40 Myr, we infer the rate of 19 supernovae(SNe) per year. Simply analytical models imply that 2.5 Z_{sun} in stars was reached when the gas mass reduced to 30% of the galaxy mass. The gas metallcity is 4.8 Z_{sun} at this point. The gas-to-dust mass ratio is then 120 +/- 73. The inferred dust production rate is 0.24 +/- 0.12 M_{sun} per SN. If 1/2 of L_{ir} comes from AGN emission, the rate is 0.48 +/- 0.24 M_{sun} per SN. We discuss the evolutionary link of SST J1604+4304 to other galaxy populations in terms of the stellar masses and the galactic winds.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The role of acculturation in migrants’ use of gynecologic emergency departments
Creators: name: Schwachenwalde, Sabina
name: Sauzet, Odile
name: Razum, Oliver
name: Sehouli, Jalid
name: David, Matthias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Access
subject: Acculturation
subject: Emergency Department
subject: Germany
subject: Gynecology
subject: Health equity
subject: Migrants
subject: Utilization
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: To examine whether acculturation of migrant patients is a predictor of non-urgent use of gynecologic emergency departments (GEDs). Methods: A cross-sectional study based on standardized questionnaire interviews among migrant (n=477) and non-migrant (n=246) women attending a GED in Berlin, Germany, between 2017 and 2018. Non-urgent GED use was defined by health system (e.g., no hospital admission) or patient (e.g., low subjective urgency) criteria. Acculturation was assessed by the Frankfurt Acculturation Scale. Logistic regressions were calculated with non-migrants as the reference. Results: Relative to migrants, low acculturation of migrants had no significant effect on overall non-urgent GED use. However, low acculturation was a significant predictor of non-urgent use if defined only by health system criteria (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–2.44; P=0.041). Inversely, low acculturation had a significant negative effect on non-urgent use if defined only by patient criteria (AOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38–0.90; P=0.014). Conclusion: Low-acculturated migrants were more prone to non-urgent GED use as defined by health system criteria, and might have a distorted perception of urgency. According to their perception, however, low-acculturated patients showed appropriate GED use for urgent complaints, indicating that they are insufficiently cared for by the healthcare system.
The Sexes and the Sciences
Creators: name: Wagner, Darren N.
name: Wharton, Joanna
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: sex
subject: science
subject: nature
subject: gender
subject: natural philosopy
subject: history of science
subject: history of sex
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: This is an introduction to a special issue on the theme 'The Sexes and the Sciences'. Here we provide useful context for the ensuing research articles by way of discussing specific terms ('science' and 'sex'), detailing relevant historiographies and presenting select, illuminating case studies. Taken as a whole, this special issue demonstrates that eighteenth-century scientific understandings of the sexes - male and female - were diverse and debated, and that, while formal scientific institutions and publications were almost exclusively comprised of men, their gendered relationships were various, and numerous women still meaningfully contributed to science as both practitioners and patrons.
PR - ESTIMATING AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT RESILIENCE OF SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK FARMERS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Maltou, Ringetani
name: Bahta, Yonas T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resilience
subject: agricultural drought
subject: smallholder livestock farmers

description: Recurring drought is a major challenge to smaller holder livestock farmers. This study estimates agricultural drought resilience of smallholder livestock farms in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. This study utilized primary data collected from 207 smallholder livestock farmers and an agricultural drought resilience index (ADRI). The results revealed that only 9% of the smallholder livestock farms were resilient for agricultural drought, the rest of the farms were not resilient. It also found that the drought resilience indicator variables were positively correlated with production of livestock in dry and normal calendar years. The policy implications of these findings involve the government and key role players in the industry who should target needy smallholder farmers to build their resilience by enhancing their persistent, adaptability and transformation. Some of the assistance could mean supplying fodder, finance and other farm inputs.
description: Twenty-Second International Farm Management Congress, Tasmania, Australia, March 3-8, 2019
Energy Dependence of High Moments for Net-proton Distributions
Creators: name: Luo, X. F.
name: Mohanty, B.
name: Ritter, H. G.
name: Xu, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High moments of multiplicity distributions of conserved quantities are predicted to be sensitive to critical fluctuations. To understand the effect of the complicated non-critical physics backgrounds on the proposed observable, we have studied various moments of net-proton distributions with AMPT, Hijing, Therminator and UrQMD models, in which no QCD critical point physics is implemented. It is found that the centrality evolution of various moments of net-proton distributions can be uniformly described by a superposition of emission sources. In addition, in the absence of critical phenomena, some moment products of net-proton distribution, related to the baryon number susceptibilities ratio in Lattice QCD calculation, are predicted to be constant as a function of the collision centrality. We argue that a non-monotonic dependence of the moment products as a function collision centrality and the beam energy may be used to locate the QCD critical point.
description: SQM2009 Proceeding, 6 pages, 5 figures
Polarization Changes of Pulsars due to Wave Propagation Through Magnetospheres
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Lai, Dong
name: Han, JinLin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation effects of radio waves in a pulsar magnetosphere, composed of relativistic electron-positron pair plasmas streaming along the magnetic field lines and corotating with the pulsar. We critically examine the various physical effects that can potentially influence the observed wave intensity and polarization, including resonant cyclotron absorption, wave mode coupling due to pulsar rotation, wave propagation through quasi-tangential regions (where the photon ray is nearly parallel to the magnetic field) and mode circularization due to the difference in the electron/positron density/velocity distributions. We numerically integrate the transfer equations for wave polarization in the rotating magnetosphere, taking account of all the propagation effects in a self-consistent manner. For typical magnetospheric plasma parameters produced by pair cascade, we find that the observed radio intensity and polarization profiles can be strongly modified by the propagation effects. For relatively large impact parameter (the minimum angle between the magnetic dipole axis and the line of sight), the polarization angle profile is similar to the prediction from the Rotating Vector Model, except for a phase shift and an appreciable circular polarization. For smaller impact parameter, the linear polarization position angle may exhibit a sudden $90^o$ jump due to the quasi-tangential propagation effect, accompanied by complex circular polarization profile. Some applications of our results are discussed, including the origin of non-gaussion pulse profiles, the relationship between the position angle profile and circular polarization in conal-double pulsars, and the orthogonal polarization modes.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Dynamical compactification from de Sitter space
Creators: name: Carroll, Sean M.
name: Johnson, Matthew C.
name: Randall, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that D-dimensional de Sitter space is unstable to the nucleation of non-singular geometries containing spacetime regions with different numbers of macroscopic dimensions, leading to a dynamical mechanism of compactification. These and other solutions to Einstein gravity with flux and a cosmological constant are constructed by performing a dimensional reduction under the assumption of q-dimensional spherical symmetry in the full D-dimensional geometry. In addition to the familiar black holes, black branes, and compactification solutions we identify a number of new geometries, some of which are completely non-singular. The dynamical compactification mechanism populates lower-dimensional vacua very differently from false vacuum eternal inflation, which occurs entirely within the context of four-dimensions. We outline the phenomenology of the nucleation rates, finding that the dimensionality of the vacuum plays a key role and that among vacua of the same dimensionality, the rate is highest for smaller values of the cosmological constant. We consider the cosmological constant problem and propose a novel model of slow-roll inflation that is triggered by the compactification process.
description: Revtex. 41 pages with 24 embedded figures. Minor corrections and added references
Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) amongst German dental students
Creators: name: Elhennawy, Karim
name: Anang, Mostafa
name: Splieth, Christian
name: Bekes, Katrin
name: Manton, David John
name: Hedar, Zen
name: Krois, Joachim
name: Jost‐Brinkmann, Paul‐Georg
name: Schwendicke, Falk
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: awareness
subject: knowledge
subject: molar incisor hypomineralization
subject: perception
subject: students
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Knowledge of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has relevance for paediatric dentists. Aim: To assess final-year German dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding MIH. Materials and methods: A previously validated questionnaire was posted to the 31 German dental schools. Demographic covariates as well as knowledge regarding diagnosis and prevalence, and attitudes and beliefs around aetiology and management were collected. Results: Twenty-two (71%) dental schools responded and a total of 877 students participated. Most (97%) were familiar with MIH and 88% were aware of the diagnostic criteria for MIH; however, only 42% knew how to implement them. One-third were able to identify MIH and 16% reported diagnostic confidence when doing so; 90% assumed the MIH prevalence to be <10%. Two-thirds of the respondents implicated genetic components as the main aetiological factor of MIH. Resin composite (60%) and preformed metal crowns (46%) were the dental materials most often suggested for restorative management. Almost all (98%) respondents were interested in receiving more clinical training.
Infrared Spectroscopy and Analysis of Brown Dwarf and Planetary Mass Objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster
Creators: name: Weights, D. J.
name: Lucas, P. W.
name: Roche, P. F.
name: Pinfield, D. J.
name: Riddick, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared long slit and multi-slit spectra of low mass brown dwarf candidates in the Orion Nebula Cluster. The long slit data were observed in the H- & K-bands using NIRI on the Gemini North Telescope. The multi-object spectroscopic observations were made using IRIS2 on the Anglo Australian Telescope at H-band. We develop a spectral typing scheme based on optically calibrated, near infrared spectra of young sources in the Taurus and IC 348 star forming regions with spectral types M3.0 to M9.5. We apply our spectral typing scheme to 52 sources, including previously published UKIRT and GNIRS spectra. 40 objects show strong water absorption with spectral types of M3 to >M9.5. The latest type objects are provisionally classified as early L types. We plot our sources on H-R diagrams overlaid with theoretical pre-main-sequence isochrones. The majority of our objects lie close to or above the 1 Myr isochrone, leading to an average cluster age that is <1 Myr. We find 38 sources lie at or below the hydrogen burning limit (0.075 Msun). 10 sources potentially have masses below the deuterium burning limit (0.012 Msun). We use a Monte Carlo approach to model the observed luminosity function with a variety of cluster age and mass distributions. The lowest chi^2 values are produced by an age distribution centred at 1 Myr, with a mass function that declines at sub-stellar masses according to an M^alpha power law in the range alpha=0.3 to 0.6. We find that truncating the mass function at 0.012 Msun produces luminosity functions that are starved of the faintest magnitudes, even when using bimodal age populations that contain 10 Myr old sources. The results of these Monte Carlo simulations therefore support the existence of a planetary mass population in the ONC.
description: 33 pages, 14 figures, submitted to MNRAS and accepted for publication
Validación de un prototipo de propuesta institucional para la mejora de la competencia digital docente en el profesorado universitario.
Creators: name: Viñoles Cosentino, Virginia
name: Esteve-Mon, Francesc M.
name: Sánchez-Caballé, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: competencia digital docente
desarrollo profesional docente
digcompedu
investigacion basada en diseño

description: Trabajo presentado en el XXIV Congreso Internacional de Tecnología Educativa EDUTEC 2021. Esta comunicación forma parte del proyecto de investigación "Desarrollando la competencia digital docente en el profesorado universitario" becado por la Fundación Dávalos-Fletcher en 2021.
description: {"references": ["Crawford, J., Butler-Henderson, K., Rudolph, J. y Glowatz, M. (2020). COVID-19: 20 Countries' Higher Education Intra-Period Digital Pedagogy Responses. Journal of Applied Teaching and Learning (JALT), 3(1). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1.7", "Esteve, F., Llopis, M. y Adell, J. (2020). Digital teaching competence of university teachers: A systematic review of the literature. IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnolog\u00edas del Aprendizaje, 15(4), 399- 406. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2020.3033225", "Fern\u00e1ndez-Batanero, J., Montenegro-Rueda, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Cerero, J. y Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, I. (2020). Digital competences for teacher professional development. Systematic review. European Journal of Teacher Education, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.182 7389", "Guri-Rosenblit, S. (2018). E-teaching in higher education: An essential prerequisite for e-learning. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 7(2), 93-97. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2018.7.298", "Keller, C. y Hrastinski, S. (2007). Towards Digitally Literate University Teachers. Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 4(2), 104-115. https://bit.ly/3vfLWGc", "Nascimbeni, F., Alonso J., Sanz O. y Burgos D. (2019) Read, Watch, Do: Developing Digital Competence for University Educators. In: Burgos D. et al. (eds) Higher Education Learning Methodologies and Technologies Online. HELMeTO 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1091 (pp 80-93). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31284-8_7", "Plomp, T. y Nieveen, N. (2009). An introduction to educational design research. Netherlands Institute for curriculum development (SLO).", "Ru\u00e8, D. (2015). El desarrollo profesional docente en Educaci\u00f3n Superior: agenda, referentes y propuestas para su adopci\u00f3n. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 2015, 13, 217-236. https://doi. org/10.4995/redu.2015.5461", "Vi\u00f1oles-Cosentino, V., Esteve-Mon, F. M., Llopis-Nebot, M. A., & Adell-Segura, J. (2021). Validaci\u00f3n de una plataforma de evaluaci\u00f3n formativa de la competencia digital docente en tiempos de Covid-19. RIED. Revista Iberoamericana de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia, 24(2), 87-106. https://doi. org/10.5944/ried.24.2.29102"]}
In vivo sun protection factor and UVA protection factor determination using (hybrid) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and a multi‐lambda‐LED light source
Creators: name: Throm, Carolin Maria
name: Wiora, Georg
name: Reble, Carina
name: Schleusener, Johannes
name: Schanzer, Sabine
name: Karrer, Hans
name: Kolbe, Ludger
name: Khazaka, Georg
name: Meinke, Martina C.
name: Lademann, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: fiber probe
subject: non-erythemal testing
subject: non-invasive
subject: SPF determination by HDRS
subject: sunscreen
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The sun protection factor (SPF) values are currently determined using an invasive procedure, in which the volunteers are irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Non-invasive approaches based on hybrid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (HDRS) have shown a good correlation with conventional SPF testing. Here, we present a novel compact and adjustable DRS test system. The in vivo measurements were performed using a multi-lambda-LED light source and an 84-channel imaging spectrograph with a fiber optic probe for detection. A transmission spectrum was calculated based on the reflectance measured with sunscreen and the reflectance measured without sunscreen. The preexposure in vitro spectrum was fitted to the in vivo spectrum. Each of the 11 test products was investigated on 10 volunteers. The SPF and UVA-PF values obtained by this new approach were compared with in vivo SPF results determined by certified test institutes. A correlation coefficient R-2 = 0.86 for SPF, and R-2 = 0.92 for UVA-PF were calculated. Having examined various approaches to apply the HDRS principle, the method we present was found to produce valid and reproducible results, suggesting that the multi-lambda-LED device is suitable for in-vivo SPF testing based on the HDRS principle as well as for in-vivo UVA-PF measurements.
PR - IS IT COSTLY TO EXPAND YOUR LIVESTOCK FARM NEAR A NATURA 2000 AREA IN THE EU?
Creators: name: Jacobsen, Brian H.
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Luesink, Harry
name: Michels, Rolf
name: StÃ¥Hl, Lisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Natura 2000
subject: Ammonia
subject: costs

description: Natura 2000 areas are designated according to the EU's Birds and Habitats Directives in order to protect particular habitats and species from deposition of nitrogen caused by ammonia emissions. Livestock farming is the primary source of this pollution. The purpose of the analysis is to compare the costs of reaching the ammonia emission targets for different livestock farms near Natura 2000 sites in the Netherlands, Schleswig- Holstein, and Denmark. The analysis looks at regulatory aspects, the emission requirements and the cost of implementing the technologies to reduce emissions. The selected case farms are a finisher farm, a dairy farm and a broiler farm, and the distance to a Natura 2000 site is 400 metres. In all three countries, a relatively low share of livestock farms is situated near Natura 2000 areas. The regulatory approach is very different in the three countries and key issues are additional deposition from projects, neighbouring livestock farms, the inclusion of background deposition and the critical load levels used. The findings suggest that the requirements near Natura 2000 in many cases can be so high that farms will expand at a different site instead.
description: Twenty-Second International Farm Management Congress, Tasmania, Australia, March 3-8, 2019
Rationing: A Selected List of References
Creators: name: Hannay, Annie M.
name: Hannay, Annie M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1942
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Political Economy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This list contains references on rationing during the present war, with a few references to World War I. Call numbers following the citations are those of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Library, unless otherwise noted.
description: Includes references on rationing in: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, Croatia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Europe, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Honduras, India, Ireland (Eire), Italy, Japan, Latvia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United States, and Uruguay
Gluon chains and the quark-antiquark potential
Creators: name: Greensite, J.
name: Olejnik, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flux tube between a quark and an antiquark in Coulomb gauge is imagined in the gluon-chain model as a sequence of constituent gluons bound together by Coulombic nearest-neighbor interactions. We diagonalize the transfer matrix in SU(2) lattice gauge theory in a finite basis of states containing a static quark-antiquark pair together with zero, one, and two gluons in Coulomb gauge. We show that while the string tension of the color-Coulomb potential (obtained from the zero-gluon to zero-gluon element of the transfer matrix) overshoots the true asymptotic string tension by a factor of about three, the inclusion of a few states with constituent gluons reduces the discrepancy considerably. The minimal energy eigenstate of the transfer matrix in the zero-, one-, and two-gluon basis exhibits a linearly rising potential with the string tension only about 1.4 times larger than the asymptotic one.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Presented at the XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Vacuum Structure and Confinement), July 26-31, Beijing, China