cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 3 of Increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to autophagy inhibition resulting from a dietary magnesium deficiency in injury-induced osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Bai, Ruijun
name: Miao, Michael Z.
name: Li, Hui
name: Wang, Yiqing
name: Hou, Ruixue
name: He, Ke
name: Wu, Xuan
name: Jin, Hongyu
name: Zeng, Chao
name: Cui, Yang
name: Lei, Guanghua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 3: Supplemental Figure 3. Immunohistochemistry analysis of LC3-II. (A, B) Immunostaining and quantitative analysis of cells positive for LC3-II in sham and DMM-induced OA mice fed with diets containing different content of magnesium (500 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) (n = 9). Scale bar: 100 μm. Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA test (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001).
Silica diagenesis and physical properties of Cenozoic rocks in the North Viking Graben, northern North Sea
Creators: name: Wrona, Thilo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Silica diagenesis has the potential to drastically change the physical and fluid flow properties of the host strata and may therefore play a key role in the development of sedimentary basins. To investigate the role of silica diagenesis in the North Viking Graben, northern North Sea, mineralogical-, well- and 3-D seismic data are combined in this study. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction are used to identify the opal-A/CT transformation in the Cenozoic succession of the North Viking Graben, northern North Sea. The effect of the opal-A/CT transformation on the host rock properties is investigated by combining quantitative mineralogical data obtained by X-ray diffraction with wireline data of sixteen exploration wells using multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis shows that opal-A content explains host rock porosity to a large extent and opal-CT and pyrite content explain host rock porosity to a lesser degree. The overall decline in opal-A content with depth is interpreted to reflect increasing biogenic silica production between the Eocene and Miocene. Focussed reductions in opal-A content that coincide with increased opal-CT contents are probably the result of opal-A/CT transformation. Because the observed opal-A/CT transformation does not coincide with major lithology variations, it is assumed that the transformation is primarily a function of time and temperature. This assumption allows the spatial and temporal evolution of the opal-A/CT transformation to be modelled. Modelling results indicate that opal-A/CT transformation probably started in the Balder Formation in the Middle-to-Late Eocene, migrated upwards through the lower Hordaland Group, and fossilised as a result of Middle-Miocene sea-level fall and erosion. Based on the basin modelling results and a detailed fault analysis, silica diagenesis could have led to the nucleation and growth of the polygonal faults in the North Viking Graben. This study highlights that silica diagenesis is a complex process that can significantly impact compaction and deformation of siliceous sedimentary successions.
R-Process Abundances and Chronometers in Metal-Poor Stars
Creators: name: Cowan, John J.
name: Pfeiffer, B.
name: Kratz, K. -L.
name: Thielemann, F. -K.
name: Sneden, Christopher
name: Burles, Scott
name: Tytler, David
name: Beers, Timothy C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid neutron-capture (i.e., r-process) nucleosynthesis calculations, employing internally consistent and physically realistic nuclear physics input (QRPA beta-decay rates and the ETFSI-Q nuclear mass model), have been made. These calculations are compared with ground-based and HST observations of neutron-capture elements in the metal poor halo stars CS 22892--052, HD 115444, HD 122563 and HD 126238. The elemental abundances in all four metal-poor stars are consistent with the solar r-process elemental distribution for the elements Z >/= 56. These results strongly suggest, at least for those elements, that the relative elemental r-process abundances have not changed over the history of the Galaxy. This further suggests that there is one r-process site in the Galaxy, at least for elements Z >/= 56. Employing the observed stellar abundances of stable elements, in conjunction with the solar r-process abundances to constrain the calculations, predictions for the zero decay-age abundances of the radioactive elements Th and U are made. We compare these (least-squares-fit ETFSI-Q) predictions with newly derived observational values in three very metal-poor halo stars: HD 115444, CS 22892--052 and HD 122563. Within the observational errors the observed ratio of [Th/Eu] is the same in both CS 22892--052 and HD 115444. Comparing with the theoretical ratio suggests an average age of these two very metal poor stars to be approximately 15.6 +/- 4.6 Gyr, consistent with earlier radioactive age estimates and recent globular and cosmological age estimates.
description: Astrophysical Journal, in press
Additional file 1: of Measuring foreign language anxiety among learners of different foreign languages: in relation to motivation and perception of teacherâ s behaviors
Creators: name: Fatmawati Djafri
name: Supra Wimbarti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Questionnaires employed in the study (in Indonesian language). (DOCX 28 kb)
Sciurus cinereus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Sciurus
Sciurus cinereus

description: Sciurus cinereus [spec. nov.]
S. virginianus cinereus major. Raj. quadr. 215. Catesb. car. 2. p. 74. 174. Kalm. itin. 2. p. 409.
Habitat in America septentrionali.
Magnitudo tripla aut quadrupla Sc. vulgaris.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 64, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 1 of Partnered implementation of the veteran sponsorship initiative: protocol for a randomized hybrid type 2 effectiveness—implementation trial
Creators: name: Geraci, Joseph C.
name: Finley, Erin P.
name: Edwards, Emily R.
name: Frankfurt, Sheila
name: Kurz, A. Solomon
name: Kamdar, Nipa
name: Vanneman, Megan E.
name: Lopoo, Leonard M.
name: Patnaik, Hannah
name: Yoon, Jean
name: Armstrong, Nicholas
name: Greene, Ashley L.
name: Cantor, Gilly
name: Wrobleski, Joseph
name: Young, Erin
name: Goldsmith, Matthew
name: Seim, Richard W.
name: Goodman, Marianne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure 1. Veteran Sponsorship Initiative: core elements, partnerships, and context. Table 1. Veteran Sponsorship Initiative Implementation Strategies (Per [51] Reporting Specifications). Table 2. RE-AIM summative evaluation. Figure 2. TSMV-level effectiveness variables.
Computational studies of unsteady flow in arterio-venous fistulae
Creators: name: Grechy, Lorenza
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Arterio-venous fistulae (AVF) are surgically created vascular connections between an artery and a vein in patients with End Stage Renal Disease, and are regarded as the 'gold standard' method of vascular access for patiets who require haemodialysis. However, up to 60% of AVF do not mature, and hence fail, as a result of various pathologies such as Intimal Hyperplasia (IH). Highly oscillatory flow patterns are one of the factors implicated in the development of IH, and they will be studied in this thesis. Previous studies have investigated the effect of arterial curvature on blood flow in AVF using idealised (planar) AVF configurations and non-pulsatile inflow conditions. These studies are extended here to more realistic non-planar AVF configurations with pulsatile inflow conditions. Results show that, converse to previous findings, forming an AVF by connecting a vein onto the outer curvature of an arterial bend does not, necessarily, suppresses unsteady flow in the artery. Subsequently, an optimisation process for idealised 3-dimensional geometries is introduced to identify an optimal configuration that suppress high-frequency fluctuations under steady inflow. Performance of the optimal configuration is then successfully verified with a fully pulsatile simulation. A novel medical device for maintaining AVF in the optimal shape is also proposed, and a first animal experiment is reported as a proof of principle study, which led to promising preliminary results. Finally, realistic AVF geometries are reconstructed from 60 MRI scans. Ultrasound measurements of the flow were also collected, together with details of patient outcomes, so that computational simulations could investigate the relationships between geometrical features, flow unsteadiness and AVF maturation. Results show high variability of the geometric parameters between AVF formed in the upper arm and AVF formed in the wrist. Also, some geometric parameters in upper arm AVF resulted to be correlated with flow stabilisation and AVF maturation. However results were found to be not statistically significant.
Coriolis effects in bladed discs
Creators: name: Ruffini, Valentina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: New aero-engine architectures are currently being developed to satisfy the increasing demand for fuel-efficiency and lower noise, pushing the boundaries of todays design practice. These unproven designs require additional effort to ensure safety to high-cycle fatigue and flutter, widely acknowledged as a main risk for turbomachinery components. This calls for a new focus on phenomena that have been little investigated in the past due to their minor relevance for traditional designs, like the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect can cause an increase in the number of resonance frequencies, and generate global travelling-wave modes that can affect performance and flutter stability. Experimentally validated prediction and analysis methods are essential to ensure the accurate evaluation of the impact of the Coriolis effect on future engine designs. The major finite element (FE) software packages were systematically assessed, and proven to provide reliable simulations of the dynamics of bladed discs when the Coriolis effect is included. Experimental modal tools for the detection and identification of the Coriolis effect are also needed, to provide accurate interpretation of the data for model validation and updating. For this purpose, a dedicated rotating test rig was designed and manufactured. A novel Multiple Input Multiple Output testing framework was developed, based on the use of an array of strain gauges and piezoelectric actuators in combination with a poly-reference identification method, for the extraction of the full set of modal parameters arising in a bladed disc from the Coriolis force. The new technique allowed the successful recovery of Campbell diagrams, damping and strain mode shapes. Left displacement eigenvectors, which appear in the FRF formulation due to the Coriolis effect, could also be extracted and validated for the first time. An accurate comparison was conducted between the measurement data and the FE results, and confirmed the reliability of the new approach.
Optical Observations of the Binary Millisecond Pulsars J2145-0750 and J0034-0534
Creators: name: Bell, J. F.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Bailes, M.
name: Leitch, E. M.
name: Lyne, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on optical observations of the low-mass binary millisecond pulsar systems J0034-0534 and J2145-0750. A faint (I=23.5) object was found to be coincident with the timing position of PSR J2145-0750. While a galaxy or distant main-sequence star cannot be ruled out, its magnitude is consistent with an ancient white dwarf, as expected from evolutionary models. For PSR J0034-0534 no objects were detected to a limiting magnitude of R=25.0, suggesting that the white dwarf in this system is cold. Using white dwarf cooling models, the limit on the magnitude of the PSR J0034-0534 companion suggests that at birth the pulsar in this system may have rotated with a period as short as 0.6 ms. These observations provide further evidence that the magnetic fields of millisecond pulsars do not decay on time scales shorter than 1 Gyr.
description: 6 pages, uuencoded, gz -9 compressed postscript, accepted by ApJL
Automatic, fast and robust characterization of noise distributions for diffusion MRI
Creators: name: St-Jean, Samuel
name: De Luca, Alberto
name: Viergever, Max A.
name: Leemans, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge of the noise distribution in magnitude diffusion MRI images is the centerpiece to quantify uncertainties arising from the acquisition process. The use of parallel imaging methods, the number of receiver coils and imaging filters applied by the scanner, amongst other factors, dictate the resulting signal distribution. Accurate estimation beyond textbook Rician or noncentral chi distributions often requires information about the acquisition process (e.g. coils sensitivity maps or reconstruction coefficients), which is not usually available. We introduce a new method where a change of variable naturally gives rise to a particular form of the gamma distribution for background signals. The first moments and maximum likelihood estimators of this gamma distribution explicitly depend on the number of coils, making it possible to estimate all unknown parameters using only the magnitude data. A rejection step is used to make the method automatic and robust to artifacts. Experiments on synthetic datasets show that the proposed method can reliably estimate both the degrees of freedom and the standard deviation. The worst case errors range from below 2% (spatially uniform noise) to approximately 10% (spatially variable noise). Repeated acquisitions of in vivo datasets show that the estimated parameters are stable and have lower variances than compared methods.
description: v2: added publisher DOI statement, fixed text typo in appendix A2
Structure and Kinematics of the Interstellar Medium in front of SN1987A
Creators: name: Xu, J.
name: Crotts, A. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution (10 km/s) [N II] echelle spectra, sampled every 13 arcsec in a 6 arcmin by 6 arcmin region around SN1987A were obtained on the CTIO 4m telescope. The map shows a complicated velocity structure consistent with that reported previously for the interstellar medium. Three components, heliocentric velocity V_hel=265, 277 and 285 km/s are identified as N157C. The radius of this large superbubble was found to expand at 10 km/s, with a lifetime of 6 million years and a total energy of 3x10^51 ergs determined from its radius and velocity according to superbubble theory. The V_hel=235 km/s component corresponds to the near side of 600 pc giant superbubble reported earlier. This bubble is over 10 million years old, and has blown out of the LMC disk. Two other components, V_hel=255 and 245 km/s are identified as the inner major light echo ring (a double-shell structure) at about 130 pc in front of SN1987A. There are also two high velocity components, 300 and 313 km/s, which are possibly the far side of a superbubble in which SN1987A exploded. We also notice that there are two components at 269 and 301 km/s within 20 arcsec of SN1987A. These structures are probably due to the emission from the progenitor star's red supergiant wind. We find that the time it took the SN1987A progenitor to move to the current location 300 pc behind N157C is comparable to the age of N157C as well as that of the progenitor itself.
description: 26 text pages plus 8 figures (Fig. 4a in color. Figs. 1, 3, 4a and 4b are bitmapped versions. Full quality versions can be obtained via anonymous FTP from ftp://carmen.phys.columbia.edu/pub/arlin/astro-ph/) Astrophysical Journal, in press. Corrected version: some minor errors fixed
Entropy-Based Adaptive Sieve Optimization in Classical Number Theory
Creators: name: Fernandes, Ricardo Miguel Fernandes
Publisher: name: Ricardo Miguel Machado Fernandes
Year: 2025
Subjects: Sieve Theory
Prime Distribution
Entropy Optimization
Adaptive Algorithms
Number Theory
Gap Regularity
Classical Analysis

description: This work introduces an entropy-based adaptive sieve that selectively removes multiples of primes to minimize local gap irregularity among survivors. In contrast to the traditional Sieve of Eratosthenes, which removes all multiples indiscriminately, the adaptive sieve maintains smoother number distributions and preserves more survivors. The approach suggests new strategies for prime filtration, randomness control, and number-theoretic structure analysis.
Assessing the contributions of soft tissue to the stability of total knee replacements
Creators: name: Athwal, Kiron
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgical procedure to combat the onset of osteoarthritis; however failure of TKA may occur due to instability of the knee joint as a result of soft-tissue deficiency or imbalance, or incorrect implant choice. The aim of this PhD was to investigate how soft-tissues help stabilise knees implanted with different TKA designs and thus provide more quantifiable data to help clinicians choose the correct implant and soft-tissue release for patients. Cadaveric experiments utilising a robotic testing system investigated soft-tissue contributions in three different implants, and found that the collateral ligaments are the primary restraints in the implanted knee. On the lateral aspect of the knee, the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) provided restraint to varus and internal-external rotations in a primary TKA implant. On the medial side of the knee, the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) is the main valgus, internal-external and anterior stabiliser in primary TKA: this was also the case in a more constrained implant which may have been expected to provide inherent stability to reduce the reliance on the sMCL. After resecting the medial structures in the constrained TKA knee, a soft-tissue reconstruction of the structures using a hamstring tendon was tested, and this was found to restore internal-external and varus-valgus rotational stability to pre-sectioned values. Therefore it is advised that surgeons should preserve the sMCL/ LCL when attempting to correct a varus/ valgus deformity, as it may result in a combined laxity pattern that cannot be compensated by the other soft-tissues. In the event of collateral deficiency, either a more constrained implant such as a hinged implant would be required to provide enough stability, or performing a soft-tissue reconstruction in conjunction with a less constrained implant may restore stability to the knee.
The MACHO Project LMC Variable Star Inventory. VI. The Second-overtone Mode of Cepheid Pulsation From First/Second Overtone (FO/SO) Beat Cepheids
Creators: name: The MACHO Collaboration
name: Alcock, C.
name: Allsman, R. A.
name: Alves, D. R.
name: Axelrod, T. S.
name: Becker, A.
name: Bennett, D. P.
name: Cook, K. H.
name: Freeman, K. C.
name: Griest, K.
name: Lehner, M. J.
name: Marshall, S. L.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Peterson, B. A.
name: Pratt, M. R.
name: Quinn, P. J.
name: Rodgers, A. W.
name: Rorabeck, A.
name: Sutherland, W.
name: Tomaney, A.
name: Vandehei, T.
name: Welch, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MACHO Project photometry of 45 LMC FO/SO beat Cepheids which pulsate in the first and second overtone (FO and SOo, respectively) has been analysed to determine the lightcurve characteristics for the SO mode of Cepheid pulsation. We predict that singly-periodic SO Cepheids will have nearly sinusoidal lightcurves; that we will only be able to discern SO Cepheids from fundamental (F) and (FO) Cepheids for P <= 1.4 days; and that the SO distribution will overlap the short-period edge of the LMC FO Cepheid period-luminosity relation (when both are plotted as a function of photometric period). We also report the discovery of one SO Cepheid candidate, MACHO*05:03:39.6$-$70:04:32, with a photometric period of 0.775961 +/- 0.000019 days and an instrumental amplitude of 0.047 +/- 0.009 mag in V.
description: 23 pages, 7 Encapsulated PostScript figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
High Resolution IRAS Maps and IR Emission of M31 --- I. Morphology and Sources
Creators: name: Xu, Cong
name: Helou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The morphology of the IR emission and the properties of discrete FIR sources in M31 disk are studied using the HiRes maps from IRAS. Very thin and bright FIR arm segments are shown in these maps, which have similar structure as the HI gas but with much enhanced arm/inter-arm contrast, typically a factor of 5 on the 60$μ$m image. We identify 39 unconfused sources (excluding the nucleus) and 14 confused sources (7 pairs) at 60 $μ$m by direct Gaussian fittings to the image. IRAS colors of 10 bright isolated sources are studied, which are presumably representative of the discrete sources in general. The colors follow the well known anticorrelation between the 60micron/100micron flux ratio and the 12micron/25micron flux ratio. All sources coincide with optical HII regions. A comparison with H$α$ observations shows that the total luminosity (in the wavelength range 8 --- 1000$μ$m) associated with HII regions is $7.2\pm 2.9 \; 10^8$L_sun, namely $30\pm 14$\% of the total IR emission of M31. This luminosity translates into a present-day star formation rate of 0.36$\pm 0.14$ M_sun/yr, about an order of magnitude lower than that of the Milky Way Galaxy.
description: 23 pages uuencoded postcript. To appear in ApJ (the issue of January 1, 1996). 7 figures available on request
Modelling the effects of heterogeneity on the mechanical response of solids
Creators: name: Zacharopoulos, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The main objective of the current thesis is to develop and verify a simple technique which is able to introduce heterogeneity in the constitutive models of solids and investigate the mechanical behaviour at low strain rates. By adopting simple constitutive models which are computationally inexpensive the aim is to capture effects of spatial variation of materials properties, geometric variation effects such as void distribution and interaction and thus being able to capture fracture and failure. In addition, important aspects are being able to predict realistic paths for the onset and evolution of damage as well as material size effects. Such techniques will be applied in order to predict experiments in various kind of materials including foams, composites. The technique developed in the current thesis involves introduction of material heterogeneity at the micro-level using the finite element method. Distribution of material properties and geometric fields are numerically generated based on probability density functions. FE models are generated by manipulating the input file via a FORTRAN program. A Monte Carlo type analysis is performed in ABAQUS where the stochastic volume element (SVE) generated, is solved deterministically using ABAQUS implicit solver. The process is repeated N times in order to obtain the scatter and the mean of the macroscopic response. Mesh convergence studies as well as sensitivity of the size of the number of cells is conducted. Following this approach numerical modelling of four types of materials are studied; a sintered titanium solid with 0.95 relative density; a polycrystalline elasto-plastic solid; a low porosity elasto-palstic solid with relative densities in the range 0.70-0.99 and a cellular elasto-plastic solid with relative densities in the range 0.37-0.48. Predictions are compared to previously numerical studies as well as to experiments. For all materials examined, the heterogeneous approach proved to capture the mechanical behavior of materials at no additional computational cost
Additional file 1: of A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Timulak, Ladislav
name: Keogh, Daragh
name: Chigwedere, Craig
name: Wilson, Charlotte
name: Ward, Fiona
name: Hevey, David
name: Griffin, Patrick
name: Jacobs, Louise
name: Irwin, Brenda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: SPIRIT 2013 checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents. (DOCX 53 kb)
Formal Small-step Verification of a Call-by-value Lambda Calculus Machine
Creators: name: Kunze, Fabian
name: Smolka, Gert
name: Forster, Yannick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We formally verify an abstract machine for a call-by-value lambda-calculus with de Bruijn terms, simple substitution, and small-step semantics. We follow a stepwise refinement approach starting with a naive stack machine with substitution. We then refine to a machine with closures, and finally to a machine with a heap providing structure sharing for closures. We prove the correctness of the three refinement steps with compositional small-step bottom-up simulations. There is an accompanying Coq development verifying all results.
Exact scattering waves off nonlocal potentials under Coulomb interaction within Schrödinger's integro-differential equation
Creators: name: Arellano, H. F.
name: Blanchon, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact solution for the scattering wavefunction from a nonlocal potential in the presence of Coulomb interaction is presented. The approach is based on the construction of a Coulomb Green's function in coordinate space whose associated kernel involves any nonlocal optical potential superposed to the Coulomb-screened interaction. The scattering wavefunction, exact solution of the integro-differential Schrödinger's equation, poses no restrictions on the type of nonlocality of the interaction nor on the beam energy.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure. Published in Physics Letters B
Efficient Design of Hardware-Enabled Reservoir Computing in FPGAs
Creators: name: Penkovsky, Bogdan
name: Larger, Laurent
name: Brunner, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we propose a new approach towards the efficient optimization and implementation of reservoir computing hardware reducing the required domain expert knowledge and optimization effort. First, we adapt the reservoir input mask to the structure of the data via linear autoencoders. We therefore incorporate the advantages of dimensionality reduction and dimensionality expansion achieved by conventional algorithmically efficient linear algebra procedures of principal component analysis. Second, we employ evolutionary-inspired genetic algorithm techniques resulting in a highly efficient optimization of reservoir dynamics with dramatically reduced number of evaluations comparing to exhaustive search. We illustrate the method on the so-called single-node reservoir computing architecture, especially suitable for implementation in ultrahigh-speed hardware. The combination of both methods and the resulting reduction of time required for performance optimization of a hardware system establish a strategy towards machine learning hardware capable of self-adaption to optimally solve specific problems. We confirm the validity of those principles building reservoir computing hardware based on a field-programmable gate array.
Measurement of Star-Formation Rate from H-alpha in field galaxies at z=1
Creators: name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Blake, Chris
name: Economou, Frossie
name: Lilly, Simon
name: Colless, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of J-band infrared spectroscopy of a sample of 13 z=1 field galaxies drawn from the Canada-France Redshift Survey, targeting galaxies whose redshifts place the rest frame H-alpha line emission from HII regions in between the bright night sky OH lines. As a result we detect emission down to a flux limit of ~10^{-16} ergs cm^{-2} s^{-1} corresponding to a luminosity limit of ~10^{41} ergs at this redshift for a H_0=50 km s^{-1} Mpc,^{-1} q_0=0.5 cosmology. From these luminosities we derive estimates of the star-formation rates in these galaxies which are independent of previous estimates based upon their rest-frame ultraviolet (2800A) luminosity. The mean star-formation rate at z=1, from this sample, is found to be at least three times as high as the ultraviolet estimates. The standard dust extinction in these galaxies is inferred to be A_V=0.5-1.0 mags, comparable to local field galaxies, suggesting that the bulk of star-formation is not heavily obscured unless one uses greyer extinction laws. Star-forming galaxies have the bluest colours and a preponderance of disturbed/interacting morphologies. We also investigate the effects of particular star-formation histories, in particular the role of bursts vs continuous star-formation in changing the detailed distribution of UV to H-alpha emission. Generally we find that models dominated by short, overlapping, bursts at typically 0.2 Gyr intervals provide a better model for the data than a constant rate of star-formation. The star-formation history of the Universe from Balmer lines is compiled and found to be typically 2--3\times higher than that inferred from the UV {\em at all redshifts}. It can not yet be clearly established whether the star-formation rate falls off or remains constant at high-redshift.
description: 15 pages including 8 figures. MNRAS in press
Hadron-quark phase transition: the QCD phase diagram and stellar conversion
Creators: name: Graeff, Clebson A.
name: Alloy, Marcelo D.
name: Marquez, Kauan D.
name: Providência, Constança
name: Menezes, Débora P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different extensions of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, known to satisfy expected QCD chiral symmetry aspects, are used to investigate a possible hadron-quark phase transition at zero temperature and to build the corresponding binodal sections. We have shown that the transition point is very sensitive to the model parameters and that both pressure and chemical potential increase drastically with the increase of the vector interaction strength in the quark sector. Within the same framework, the possibility of quark and hybrid star formation is analyzed. The same conclusions drawn before with respect to the coexistence pressure and chemical potentials are reinforced. We conclude that even if a transition from a metastable hadronic star to a quark star is thermodinamically possible, it is either energetically forbidden or gives rise to a blackhole. Nevertheless, conversions from metastable to hybrid stars are possible, but the mass difference between both compact objects is very small, never larger than 0.2 M$_\odot$.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
High Resolution IRAS Maps and IR Emission of M31 --- II. Diffuse Component and Interstellar Dust
Creators: name: Xu, Cong
name: Helou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale dust heating and cooling in the diffuse medium of M31 is studied using the HiRes IRAS maps in conjunction with UV, optical (UBV) and the HI maps. A dust heating/cooling model is developed based on a radiative transfer model which assumes a `Sandwich' configuration of dust and stars and takes fully into account the effect of scattering of dust grains. The model is applied to a complete sample of 'cells' (small areas of size $2'\times 2'$), generated from the above maps. The sample covers the M31 disk in the galactocentric radius range 2 --- 14 kpc, and includes only the cells for which the contribution of the discrete sources to the 60$μm$ surface brightness is negligible ($< 20$\%). This effectively excludes most of the bright arm regions from our analysis. We find that: (1) The mean optical depth (viewed from the inclination angle of 77$^\circ$) increases with radius from $τ_V\sim 0.7$ at r=2kpc outwards, reaches a peak of ~1.6 near 10kpc, and stays quite flat out to 14kpc, where the signal falls below the 5sigma level. (2) A correlation between $τ_V$ and HI surface density is suggested by the similarity between their radial profiles. Significant differences are found between the radial profiles of the H_2 gas (estimated from CO) and of the dust (from $τ_V$), which are most probably due to the large uncertainty in the CO-to-H_2 conversion factor, and to the under-representation of H_2-rich regions in the sample of cells of diffuse regions. (3) The $τ_V / N(HI)$ ratio decreases with increasing radius in the disk of M31, with an exponential law fit yielding an e-folding scale length of $9.6\pm 0.4$ kpc. (4) The optical depth adjusted for this gradient, $τ_{V,c}$, is strongly and linearly correlated with N(HI) over one and a half order of magnitude of column density, indicating that at a given
description: 32 pages uuencoded postcript. To appear in ApJ (the issue of January 1, 1996). 10 figures available on request
Small-Angle Scattering of X-Rays from Extragalactic Sources by Dust in Intervening Galaxies
Creators: name: Miralda-Escude, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts are now known to be a cosmological population of objects, which are often accompanied by X-ray and optical afterglows. The total energy emitted in the afterglow can be similar to the energy radiated in the gamma-ray burst itself. If a galaxy containing a large column density of dust is near the line of sight to a gamma-ray burst, small-angle scattering of the X-rays due to diffraction by the dust grains will give rise to an X-ray echo of the afterglow. A measurement of the angular size of the echo at a certain time after the afterglow is observed yields a combination of the angular diameter distances to the scattering galaxy and the gamma-ray burst that can be used to constrain cosmological models in the same way as a time delay in a gravitational lens. The scattering galaxy will generally cause gravitational lensing as well, and this should modify the shape of the X-ray echo from a circular ring. The main difficulty in detecting this phenomenon is the very low flux expected for the echo. The flux can be increased when the gamma-ray burst is highly magnified by gravitational lensing, or when the deflecting galaxy is at low redshift. X-ray echos of continuous (but variable) sources, such as quasars, may also be detectable with high-resolution instruments and would allow similar measurements.
description: To be published in ApJ
Lubrication Oil Condition Monitoring and Remaining Useful Life Prediction with Particle Filtering
Creators: name: Zhu, Junda
name: Yoon, Jae M
name: He, David
name: Qu, Yongzhi
name: Bechhoefer, Eric
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In order to reduce the costs of wind energy, it is necessary to improve the wind turbine availability and reduce the operational and maintenance costs. The reliability and availability of a functioning wind turbine depend largely on the protective properties of the lubrication oil for its drive train subassemblies such as the gearbox and means for lubrication oil condition monitoring and degradation detection. The wind industry currently uses lubrication oil analysis for detecting gearbox and bearing wear but cannot detect the functional failures of the lubrication oils. The main purpose of lubrication oil condition monitoring and degradation detection is to determine whether the oils have deteriorated to such a degree that they no longer fulfill their functions. This paper describes a research on developing online lubrication oil condition monitoring and remaining useful life prediction using particle filtering technique and commercially available online sensors. It first introduces the lubrication oil condition monitoring and degradation detection for wind turbines. Viscosity and dielectric constant are selected as the performance parameters to model the degradation of lubricants. In particular, the lubricant performance evaluation and remaining useful life prediction of degraded lubrication oil with viscosity and dielectric constant data using particle filtering are presented. A simulation study based on lab verified models is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed technique.
Sciurus flavus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Sciurus
Sciurus flavus

description: Sciurus flavus [spec. nov.]
S. auriculis subrotundis, pedibus pentadactylis.
Sciurus cauda tereti, pilis brevibus, auriculis subrotundis. Amoen. acad. 1. p. 281.
Habitat in America.
Magnitudine dimidio minor Sc. vulgari, luteus, apicibus pilorum albis. Pollex anticus solo fere ungue constat.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 64, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Modelling and control of combustion instabilities with anchored laminar ducted flames
Creators: name: Luzzato, Charles Michael Angelo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis deals with the derivation of new semi-analytical methods for the modelling of combustion instabilities in anchored laminar flame combustors. In a first part, through an analysis of the motion of the acoustic discontinuity in a ducted flame model, it shows that the movement of the flame induced discontinuity can lead to stability changes. For unstable combustors, it can also affect the amplitude of limit cycle oscillations. In a second part, the problems that are encountered when attempting to obtain the transfer functions for linearly unstable systems from within limit cycle are demonstrated. Indeed, under these circumstances, both the phase and amplitude of the unstable mode need to be corrected. Whilst the correction to the phase can easily be determined, the correction to the gain cannot, supporting the need for robust model based controllers or adaptive control methods which do not require system identification. Lastly, this thesis presents the derivation and implementation of the first asymptotic-based mathematical models which account for the flame motion, hydrodynamic field and acoustic field in an anchored ducted flame setup. This modelling exploits the difference in length scales associated with the flame, hydrodynamic field and acoustic waves. Unlike ducted flame models which omit the hydrodynamic field, this allows us to capture instability mechanisms such as Rayleigh-Taylor, or Darrieus-Landau instabilities, in the context of anchored laminar flames. This is done for two simplified configurations: a weakly conical flame shape, and a conical flame shape case with small mean heat release.
title: Trans inclusive and competent clinical practices
title: improving clinical intakes and settings
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Zeiger, Kalen Donovan
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Clinical Intake
Clinical Settings
Gender Diverse
Harry Potter
Minority Stress
Transgender

description: This dissertation explores the trans and gender diverse (TGD) competence and inclusivity of clinical intakes and settings, focusing on the development of the Trans Inclusive Supplemental Intake Form (TISIF) and the impact of the use of popular media content that is associated with anti-trans public figures and anti-trans hate group dog whistles in healthcare environments, specifically through exploring TGD perceptions of and experiences with Harry Potter. Archival research was utilized throughout the development of the TISIF and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health’s Standards of Care Version 8 was reviewed to ensure best practices were incorporated. TGD experiences with Harry Potter content were explored through both quantitative (n=679) and preliminary qualitative (n=816) data analysis. Preliminary qualitative analysis identified the themes: the impact of anti-trans statements – including impact on politics and society and impact on feeling unwelcome or isolated, no excuses, childhood nostalgia, distrust, and separating the art from the artist – including those for separating and against separating the art from the artist. A subset of mostly mental health care providers was identified within the responses whose perspectives could help identify how TGD care providers navigate these experiences. Perceived experience ratings and adjectives associated with Harry Potter and J.K. Rowling were examined across time and setting, and patient response to Harry Potter content with providers was explored. Descriptive statistics and two-way linear mixed-effects modeling found statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases in negative experience ratings over time and increases in negative adjective associations over time, and that TGD patients are significantly LESS likely to contact (83.3%), feel comfortable with (76.6%), likely to disclose to (72.6%), and feel safe with (74.4%) providers who have Harry Potter content and references. The practical implications of the findings of this research emphasize adding the TISIF to existing electronic intake processes to bring them to a minimum standard of trans inclusivity, and removing activating content, such as Harry Potter references, to decrease minority stress and create more inclusive and competent clinical environments.
Observation of perfect Andreev reflection due to Klein paradox in a topological superconducting state
Creators: name: Lee, Seunghun
name: Stanev, Valentin
name: Zhang, Xiaohang
name: Stasak, Drew
name: Flowers, Jack
name: Higgins, Joshua S.
name: Dai, Sheng
name: Blum, Thomas
name: Pan, Xiaoqing
name: Yakovenko, Victor M.
name: Paglione, Johnpierre
name: Greene, Richard L.
name: Galitski, Victor
name: Takeuchi, Ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1928, P. Dirac proposed a new wave equation to describe relativistic electrons. Shortly afterwards, O. Klein solved a simple potential step problem for the Dirac equation and stumbled upon an apparent paradox - the potential becomes transparent when the height is larger than the electron energy. For massless particles, backscattering is completely forbidden in Klein tunneling, leading to perfect transmission through any potential barrier. Recent advent of condensed matter systems with Dirac-like excitations, such as graphene and topological insulators (TIs), has opened the possibility of observing the Klein tunneling experimentally. In the surface states of TIs, fermions are bound by spin-momentum locking, and are thus immune to backscattering due to time-reversal symmetry. Here we report the observation of perfect Andreev reflection in point contact spectroscopy - a clear signature of Klein tunneling and a manifestation of the underlying relativistic physics of a proximity-induced superconducting state in a topological Kondo insulator.
A 2572 and HCG 94 - galaxy clusters but not as we know them. An X-ray case study of optical misclassifications
Creators: name: Ebeling, H.
name: de Oliveira, C. Mendes
name: White, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a spectral-imaging analysis of X-ray data obtained with the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter aboard the ROSAT Observatory in a 32 ks pointed observation of Hickson's Compact Group (HCG) #94. Besides HCG94, A2572, a richness class 0 Abell cluster, is also contained in the central region of the field of view. Both systems are at a redshift of z~0.04 and are falling toward each other at a velocity of about 1000 km/s. Their three-dimensional spatial separation is probably of the order of an Abell radius; however, as yet, no clear signs of dynamical interaction are discernible in the X-ray. We find HCG94's gas temperature and unabsorbed X-ray luminosity to be far too high for a galaxy group thereby confirming the claim of Ebeling, Voges & B"ohringer (1994) that HCG94 should be classified as a galaxy cluster. The opposite is true for the Abell cluster A2572, the optical richness of which has been overestimated due to the inclusion of HCG94. In the X-ray, A2572 appears at first sight like the prototypical binary cluster with two equally massive and X-ray bright subclusters in the process of merging. However, the available X-ray, optical, and radio data strongly suggest that A2572 proper is in fact merely a loose group of galaxies, while the second component is a much richer and more distant cluster seen in superposition. A deprojection analysis shows HCG94 to host a moderate cooling flow; this picture is supported by a radial increase in the column density of absorbing material and a decrease in the gas temperature toward the cluster centre. HCG94's total gravitating mass is much higher than what could be anticipated from its appearance in the optical. Our findings hence underline the need for
description: uuencoded compressed postscript, without figures. The preprint is available with figures at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/preprint/PrePrint.html