cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Creep failures in heterogeneous materials
Creators: name: Nechad, H.
name: Helmstetter, A.
name: Guerjouma, R. El
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present creep experiments on fiber composite materials with controlled heterogeneity. Recorded strain rates and acoustic emission rates exhibit a power law relaxation in the primary creep regime (Andrade law) followed by a power law acceleration up to rupture over up to four decades in time. We discover that the failure time is proportional to the duration of the primary creep regime, showing the interplay between the two regimes and offering a method of rupture prediction. These experimental results are rationalized by a mean-field model of representative elements with nonlinear visco-elastic rheology and with a large heterogeneity of strengths.
description: 5 pages, 4 eps figures, revtex
Detecting task events in fMRI time series based on Visibility Graphs
Creators: name: Onicas, Adi
name: Gilli, Tommaso
name: Cecchetti, Luca
name: Ricciardi, Emiliano
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: Identifying extreme events (EV) in fMRI time-series (TS) is a critical aspect for decoding task-modulated brain activity. Task fMRI applicability has been often limited to linear modeling of the TS, usually by applying a convolution with an HRF over the fMRI TS and estimating the fit of the expected versus the actual TS shape under task events. This type of modeling assumes uniformity of the TS shape across contexts, whereas the stimulus-induced BOLD behavior demonstrates considerable variability, which challenges the appropriateness of modeling TS within the general linear framework across different participants and stimulus onsets. We approach this limitation by adapting an alternative method for decoding task-modulated BOLD responses that maps TS into temporal graphs and applying network science tools to identify EVs during task fMRI. Visibility Graphs (VG) model a TS as a temporal graph where time points (TPs) are mapped into nodes and edges are established if the TPs they represent meet a mutual visibility criteria. The results indicated higher accuracy in identifying stimulus-evoked EVs for the VG degree sequence as compared to the actual TS intensity, and the accuracy tended to drop as the level of noise increases for both, VG degree as well as the TS intensity.
Additional file 1 of Development and validation of a predictive model based upon extracellular vesicle-derived transposable elements for non-invasive detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Liang, Yueting
name: Sui, Xin
name: Li, Shuai
name: Peng, Haoxin
name: Jiang, Wenyi
name: Jia, Minqi
name: Jiang, Shaoran
name: Wang, Weihu
name: Teng, Huajing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Communities' engagement in environmental impact assessment (EIA) in Brazil: A legal proposal to amplify the voices of those who are most affected and least heard
Creators: name: Dias, Cristiane Bena
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This Dissertation examines public participation in all stages of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Brazil through the lens of comparative analysis of EIA best practices in various countries and international institutions. Public participation happens at later stage of Brazilian EIAs. Therefore, it does not influence decision making on authorization of development projects. Several facts contribute to weak public engagement in EIA, such as lack of transparency, weak regulation, low quality of studies, lack of political will to make information accessible to all stakeholders. An actual case study, the Volta Grande Project, demonstrates in practice these fragilities. The Volta Grande is a mining project slated to be implemented in the area of influence of the internationally well known Belo Monte Dam. The case involves different social groups as well as several governmental agencies in the assessment of its impacts in a very delicate environment. It is a controversial project, which has divided communities in their opinions. Prosecutors filed legal actions questioning the social and environmental feasibility of the project and public participation was pointed as flawed. Therefore, EIA would be an important tool to foster meaningful dialog among all these involved actors, especially local affected communities. This study proposes moving participation to early stages of Brazilian EIAs in a process that would focus on educating and engaging communities to achieve their free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) on decisions of development projects. Currently, international and Brazilian law guarantees FPIC to indigenous communities. This dissertation proposes amplifying this right to all local affected communities under certain circumstances and for certain projects. It explores difficulties currently faced by local affected communities, such as poor communication and access to information, and proposes measures to overcome these weaknesses.
Effect of different precursors on CVD growth of molybdenum disulfide
Creators: name: Singh, Aditya
name: Moun, Monika
name: Singh, Rajendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Control over thickness, size, and area of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes is crucial for device application. Herein, we report a quantitative comparison of CVD synthesis of MoS2 on SiO2/Si substrate using three different precursors viz., molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), ammonium heptamolybdate (AHM), and tellurium (Te). A three-step chemical reaction mechanism of evolution of MoS2 from MoO3 micro-crystals is proposed for MoO3 precursor. Furthermore, a strategy based on growth temperature and ratio of amount of precursors is developed to systematically control thickness and area of MoS2 flakes. Our findings show that for large-sized crystalline monolayer MoS2 flakes, MoO3 is a better choice than AHM and Te-assisted synthesis. Moreover, Te as growth promoter, can lower down growth temperature by 250C. This study can be further used to fabricate MoS2 based high-performance electronic devices such as photodetectors, thin film transistors, and sensors.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MILEAGE TAXES: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ROAD USER CHARGES
Creators: name: Chavara, Carley A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This paper seeks to answer what is the environmental impact of a tax on miles driven? This question comes during a time when Oregon piloted a mileage tax system and other states are proposing the same given expected infrastructure reforms, nationally. This paper will briefly explain the political economy of highway funding for context as to why the mileage tax is being explored. Primarily, this paper looks to analyze the environmental effect from a mileage tax as opposed to a fuel tax in light of Oregon’s climate targets. This section will conduct an empirical analysis of the OReGO pilot program. This paper will then explore the economic effect of a mileage tax that looks at how consumers may respond to the tax, what the environmental consequences of these responses are, and what difference in revenues exist for the state. The paper will make policy recommendations and explore other approaches to raising revenues for highways, such as increasing the fuel tax.
Luana Tonoli | Bachelorarbeit | Anhang D
Creators: name: Tonoli, Luana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Dieses Dokument ist als Anhang der Bachelorarbeit von Luana Tonoli (2024) zu betrachten. Unter Anhang D werden alle erarbeiteten Elemente aus Phase 4 (Kapitel 5.5) des Design Thinking Prozesses festgehalten.

Die Bachelorarbeit wurde durch «Graduate Papers in Applied Linguistics» (https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/10) publiziert.
Absolute Poisson's ratio and the bending rigidity exponent of a crystalline two-dimensional membrane
Creators: name: Saykin, D. R.
name: Gornyi, I. V.
name: Kachorovskii, V. Yu.
name: Burmistrov, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the absolute Poisson's ratio $ν$ and the bending rigidity exponent $η$ of a free-standing two-dimensional crystalline membrane embedded into a space of large dimensionality $d = 2 + d_c$, $d_c \gg 1$. We demonstrate that, in the regime of anomalous Hooke's law, the absolute Poisson's ratio approaches material independent value determined solely by the spatial dimensionality $d_c$: $ν= -1 +2/d_c-a/d_c^2+\dots$ where $a\approx 1.76\pm 0.02$. Also, we find the following expression for the exponent of the bending rigidity: $η= 2/d_c+(73-68ζ(3))/(27 d_c^2)+\dots$. These results cannot be captured by self-consistent screening approximation.
Food Safety Efforts Accelerate in the 1990's
Creators: name: Crutchfield, Stephen R.
name: Roberts, Tanya
name: Crutchfield, Stephen R.
name: Roberts, Tanya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Awareness of the health risks from foodborne disease has increased over the past 10 years. Although the Nation's food supply remains among the safest in the world, widely publicized outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by such sources as Escherichia coli (E. coli) 0157:H7 in hamburger, Listeria monocytogenes in hot dogs, and Salmonella in poultry and eggs have raised the public's concerns about risks from microbial pathogens in food. The Federal Government and the private sector have responded with a variety of efforts to protect and enhance the safety of the foods we eat. This article reviews the important events in food safety of the last decade and looks ahead at new efforts to reduce microbial contamination of foods.
Additional file 1 of Effects of M-DEPTH model of depression care on maternal depression, functioning, and HIV care adherence, and infant developmental over eighteen months post-partum: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Wagner, Glenn J.
name: Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie
name: Gwokyalya, Violet
name: Faherty, Laura J.
name: Beyeza-Kashesya, Jolly
name: Nakku, Juliet
name: Nabitaka, Linda Kisaakye
name: Akena, Dickens
name: Nakigudde, Janet
name: Ngo, Victoria
name: McBain, Ryan
name: Lukwata, Hafsa
name: Kyohangirwe, Leticia
name: Mukasa, Barbara
name: Wanyenze, Rhoda K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 3 of Ribosomal RNA fragmentation into short RNAs (rRFs) is modulated in a sex- and population of origin-specific manner
Creators: name: Cherlin, Tess
name: Magee, Rogan
name: Jing, Yi
name: Pliatsika, Venetia
name: Phillipe Loher
name: Rigoutsos, Isidore
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Specific rRFs are also differentially abundant by sex at varying levels. S3A-B. Boxplots show the differential abundance of the 5.8S 19-mer UAAUGUGAAUUGCAGGACA and the 5.8S 21-mer UAAUGUGAAUUGCAGGACACA (underlined region is common to both i-rRFs) between males (grey, n=207) and females (orange, n=227). S3A. The 19-mer has a p-value of 0.03, Welch’s t-test. S3B. The 21-mer has a p-value of 0.007, Welch’s t-test.
Communities' engagement in environmental impact assessment (EIA) in Brazil: A legal proposal to amplify the voices of those who are most affected and least heard
Creators: name: Dias, Cristiane Bena
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 48
subject: Law and legal studies
classificationCode: 4802
subject: Environmental and resources law

description: This Dissertation examines public participation in all stages of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Brazil through the lens of comparative analysis of EIA best practices in various countries and international institutions. Public participation happens at later stage of Brazilian EIAs. Therefore, it does not influence decision making on authorization of development projects. Several facts contribute to weak public engagement in EIA, such as lack of transparency, weak regulation, low quality of studies, lack of political will to make information accessible to all stakeholders. An actual case study, the Volta Grande Project, demonstrates in practice these fragilities. The Volta Grande is a mining project slated to be implemented in the area of influence of the internationally well known Belo Monte Dam. The case involves different social groups as well as several governmental agencies in the assessment of its impacts in a very delicate environment. It is a controversial project, which has divided communities in their opinions. Prosecutors filed legal actions questioning the social and environmental feasibility of the project and public participation was pointed as flawed. Therefore, EIA would be an important tool to foster meaningful dialog among all these involved actors, especially local affected communities. This study proposes moving participation to early stages of Brazilian EIAs in a process that would focus on educating and engaging communities to achieve their free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) on decisions of development projects. Currently, international and Brazilian law guarantees FPIC to indigenous communities. This dissertation proposes amplifying this right to all local affected communities under certain circumstances and for certain projects. It explores difficulties currently faced by local affected communities, such as poor communication and access to information, and proposes measures to overcome these weaknesses.
Analysis of partially observed clustered data using generalized estimating equations and multiple imputation
Creators: name: Aloisio, Kathryn M.
name: Micali, Nadia
name: Swanson, Sonja A.
name: Field, Alison
name: Horton, Nicholas J.
name: Aloisio, Kathryn M.
name: Micali, Nadia
name: Swanson, Sonja A.
name: Field, Alison
name: Horton, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: ALSPAC study
subject: eating disorders
subject: multiple informants
subject: weighted estimating equations
subject: generalized estimating equations
subject: multiple imputation
subject: missing data
subject: missing at random
subject: missing completely at random

description: Clustered data arise in many settings, particularly within the social and biomedical sciences. For example, multiple-source reports are commonly collected in child and adolescent psychiatric epidemiologic studies where researchers use various informants (for instance, parents and adolescents) to provide a holistic view of a subject’s symptoms. Fitzmaurice et al. (1995, American Journal of Epidemiology 142: 1194–1203) have described estimation of multiple-source models using a standard generalized estimating equation (GEE) framework. However, these studies often have missing data because additional stages of consent and assent are required. The usual GEE is unbiased when data are missing completely at random in the context of Little and Rubin (2002, Statistical Analysis with Missing Data [Wiley]). This is a strong assumption that may not be tenable. Other options, such as the weighted GEE, are computationally challenging when missingness is nonmonotone. Multiple imputation is an attractive method to fit incomplete data models while requiring only the less restrictive missing-at-random assumption. Previously, estimation of partially observed clustered data was computationally challenging. However, recent developments in Stata have facilitated using them in practice. We demonstrate how to use multiple imputation in conjunction with a GEE to investigate the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in adolescents as reported by parents and adolescents and to determine the factors associated with concordance and prevalence. The methods are motivated by the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and their Children, a cohort study that enrolled more than 14,000 pregnant mothers in 1991–92 and has followed the health and development of their children at regular intervals. While point estimates for the missing-at-random model were fairly similar to those for the GEE under missing completely at random, the missing-at-random model had smaller standard errors and required less stringent assumptions regarding missingness.
Re-presencing telematic dreaming – awakening a critical feminist phenomenology
Creators: name: Kozel, Susan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: This article enacts a re-presencing of Telematic Dreaming, the influential telepresence art installation by Paul Sermon from the 1990s. Revisiting an often-cited text I wrote in 1994 called ‘Spacemaking', which spoke from the experience of being a performer in the installation, I fill in what was missing, downplayed or unwelcome in the discourses of the time: that nobody is anybody (i.e. in technological environments bodies are never neutral or universal); and that artistic works are deeply contextual and intersectional. Taking a strongly political and contextual approach to Telematic Dreaming, I first reflect on the dual states of wonder & entitlement characterising digital experimentation of the 1990s then I consider the cultural structures and material infrastructures of the installation, assessing the scope for ontological expansiveness and gender crique they afforded. Beyond a particular instance of time-travel, this article proposes a new methodological framework for examining past performances. By turning to critical phenomenology, with contributions from feminist archaeology, media archaeology, and an unexpected appearance of Sara Ahmed’s feminist killjoy, I offer an approach that paves the way for future researchers interested in engaging reflexively and critically with historical phenomenological analyses of artistic performance and of wider lived experiences.
Additional file 1 of Ribosomal RNA fragmentation into short RNAs (rRFs) is modulated in a sex- and population of origin-specific manner
Creators: name: Cherlin, Tess
name: Magee, Rogan
name: Jing, Yi
name: Pliatsika, Venetia
name: Phillipe Loher
name: Rigoutsos, Isidore
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. rRFs are also differentially abundant by sex. S1A. SAM identified the differentially abundant rRFs shown in yellow, at an FDR threshold of 0.01. PLS-DA identified rRFs with VIP score ≥ 1.5, shown in green. The intersection of the two circles show how many rRFs were identified by both methods. For each rRNA, we calculated a Jaccard index for the rRFs found by the two methods. S1B. The Jaccard index of the rRFs from each rRNA is plotted against the median RPM of the iDARs. S1C. The table shows the number of iDARs for each population, and separately for males and females.
Nonlocal density functional theory of water taking into account many-body dipole correlations: Binodal and surface tension of 'liquid-vapour' interface
Creators: name: Budkov, Yu. A.
name: Kolesnikov, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we formulate a nonlocal density functional theory of inhomogeneous water. We model a water molecule as a couple of oppositely charged sites. The negatively charged sites interact with each other through the Lennard-Jones potential (steric and dispersion interactions), square-well potential (short-range specific interactions due to electron charge transfer), and Coulomb potential, whereas the positively charged sites interact with all types of sites by applying the Coulomb potential only. Taking into account the nonlocal packing effects via the fundamental measure theory (FMT), dispersion and specific interactions in the mean-field approximation, and electrostatic interactions at the many-body level through the random phase approximation, we describe the liquid-vapour interface. We demonstrate that our model without explicit account of the association of water molecules due to hydrogen bonding and with explicit account of the many-body electrostatic interactions at the many-body level is able to describe the liquid-vapour coexistence curve and the surface tension at the ambient pressures and temperatures. We obtain very good agreement with available in the literature MD simulation results for density profile of liquid-vapour interface at ambient state parameters. The formulated theory can be used as a theoretical background for describing of the capillary phenomena, occurring in micro- and mesoporous materials.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
Supplemental File
Creators: name: Maruani, Annabel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110304 Dermatology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental File 1. Information on search strategiesSupplemental File 2. Articles includedSupplemental File 3. Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria: main differences from international guidelines.Supplemental File 4. Main precautions for use of H1-antihistaminesSupplemental File 5. Acknowledgements
Supplemental File 6. Synthesis of the whole processSupplemental File 7. AGREE Check list
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MILEAGE TAXES: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ROAD USER CHARGES
Creators: name: Chavara, Carley A.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3509
subject: Transportation, logistics and supply chains
classificationCode: 3801
subject: Applied economics

description: This paper seeks to answer what is the environmental impact of a tax on miles driven? This question comes during a time when Oregon piloted a mileage tax system and other states are proposing the same given expected infrastructure reforms, nationally. This paper will briefly explain the political economy of highway funding for context as to why the mileage tax is being explored. Primarily, this paper looks to analyze the environmental effect from a mileage tax as opposed to a fuel tax in light of Oregon’s climate targets. This section will conduct an empirical analysis of the OReGO pilot program. This paper will then explore the economic effect of a mileage tax that looks at how consumers may respond to the tax, what the environmental consequences of these responses are, and what difference in revenues exist for the state. The paper will make policy recommendations and explore other approaches to raising revenues for highways, such as increasing the fuel tax.
Shear Induced Demixing in Bidisperse and Polydisperse Polymer Blends: Predictions From a Multi-Fluid Model
Creators: name: Peterson, Joseph D.
name: Fredrickson, Glenn H.
name: Leal, L. Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In light of recent advancements in the constitutive modelling of bidisperse and polydisperse entangled linear polymers, we present a new multi fluid generalization of the classic two fluid approximation for flows of inhomogeneous polymer blends. As an application of the model, we consider predictions for the linear and nonlinear dynamics of shear induced demixing (SID) instabilities in blends with bidisperse and lognormal molecular weight distributions. We find that even in the absence of any chemical contrast between component chains, an imposed flow can induce a demixing instability provided there is sufficient contrast in the size of the two chains. The lower bound polydispersity for SID coincides with the point where elastic forces (kT per entanglement) scaled by the contrast between chains (e.g. polydispersity index minus one) exceed the entropic forces for mixing (kT per chain). For bi-disperse blends, we show that the non-linear dynamics of SID strongly resemble what has previously been shown for SID in entangled polymer solutions.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures
Islamic arbitration and reformulating principles concerning role of arbitrators, appointment of women arbitrators, and enforcement of arbitral awards in light of modernity and change of culture in Islamic world
Creators: name: Alrajhi, Abdulmajed
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Arbitration, as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, was well known in the Arab region before the establishment of the Islamic religion. Islamic law continued the practice of arbitration to resolve disputes and created a new type of arbitration specific to family disputes. In fact, the first arbitration clause under Islamic law was concluded in the Medinah treaty between Muslim Arabs, Non-Muslim Arabs, and Jews in 622 A.D., which shows the historical legacy of arbitration practices in Islamic legal traditions.Despite the profound historical precedent, there are growing concerns about arbitration practices under Islamic Law. Some of the main issues concerning modern Islamic arbitration are: (1) the roles of arbitrators; (2) the validity of appointing women arbitrators; and (3) enforceability of arbitration awards. These concerns are the result of recent demands from the Islamic world to improve Islamic arbitration practices in accordance with modern international arbitration as well as changes in cultural habits and customs. Therefore, the need to reformulate and modify Islamic arbitration appeared in light of the changes from modernity in the Islamic world.The first issue focuses on a precise understanding of the role of arbitrators, which is a divisive issue in Islamic arbitration since scholars have different opinions on the specific role of arbitrators. The second issue is concerned with the absence of women arbitrators in Islamic arbitration in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which, along with the lack of women present in international arbitration, concerns the international arbitration community. The third issue highlights the enforcement of arbitration awards and the difficulty faced in some Muslim countries, such as Saudi Arabia, when Islamic law serves as the basis for their public policies.The spread of globalization and diffusion of international investment and business projects on an international level has promoted international arbitration as the preferred vehicle for dispute resolution. Therefore, by analyzing some of the foreseeable issues of Islamic arbitration under Islamic law and then providing tools to overcome these obstacles, Islamic arbitration will meet international arbitration standards and will be accepted to govern and resolve disputes.
Luana Tonoli | Bachelorarbeit | Anhang C
Creators: name: Tonoli, Luana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Dieses Dokument ist als Anhang der Bachelorarbeit von Luana Tonoli (2024) zu betrachten. Der Anhang C beinhaltet die Erkenntnisse aus den Tools der Phase 3 (Kapitel 5.4) im Design Thinking Prozess.

Die Bachelorarbeit wurde durch «Graduate Papers in Applied Linguistics» (https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/10) publiziert.
Lee (2009) treatment-effect bounds for nonrandom sample selection
Creators: name: Tauchmann, Harald
name: Tauchmann, Harald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: leebounds
subject: nonparametric
subject: randomized trial
subject: sample selection
subject: attrition
subject: bounds
subject: treatment effect

description: Nonrandom sample selection may render estimated treatment effects biased even if assignment of treatment is purely random. Lee (2009, Review of Economic Studies, 76: 1071–1102) proposes an estimator for treatment-effect bounds that limit the possible range of the treatment effect. In this approach, the lower and upper bound correspond to extreme assumptions about the missing information that are consistent with the observed data. In contrast to conventional parametric approaches to correcting for sample-selection bias, Lee’s bounds estimator rests on very few assumptions. I introduce the new command leebounds, which implements the estimator in Stata. The command allows for several options, such as tightening bounds by using covariates.
Islamic arbitration and reformulating principles concerning role of arbitrators, appointment of women arbitrators, and enforcement of arbitral awards in light of modernity and change of culture in Islamic world
Creators: name: Alrajhi, Abdulmajed
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 48
subject: Law and legal studies

description: Arbitration, as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, was well known in the Arab region before the establishment of the Islamic religion. Islamic law continued the practice of arbitration to resolve disputes and created a new type of arbitration specific to family disputes. In fact, the first arbitration clause under Islamic law was concluded in the Medinah treaty between Muslim Arabs, Non-Muslim Arabs, and Jews in 622 A.D., which shows the historical legacy of arbitration practices in Islamic legal traditions.Despite the profound historical precedent, there are growing concerns about arbitration practices under Islamic Law. Some of the main issues concerning modern Islamic arbitration are: (1) the roles of arbitrators; (2) the validity of appointing women arbitrators; and (3) enforceability of arbitration awards. These concerns are the result of recent demands from the Islamic world to improve Islamic arbitration practices in accordance with modern international arbitration as well as changes in cultural habits and customs. Therefore, the need to reformulate and modify Islamic arbitration appeared in light of the changes from modernity in the Islamic world.The first issue focuses on a precise understanding of the role of arbitrators, which is a divisive issue in Islamic arbitration since scholars have different opinions on the specific role of arbitrators. The second issue is concerned with the absence of women arbitrators in Islamic arbitration in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which, along with the lack of women present in international arbitration, concerns the international arbitration community. The third issue highlights the enforcement of arbitration awards and the difficulty faced in some Muslim countries, such as Saudi Arabia, when Islamic law serves as the basis for their public policies.The spread of globalization and diffusion of international investment and business projects on an international level has promoted international arbitration as the preferred vehicle for dispute resolution. Therefore, by analyzing some of the foreseeable issues of Islamic arbitration under Islamic law and then providing tools to overcome these obstacles, Islamic arbitration will meet international arbitration standards and will be accepted to govern and resolve disputes.
Race/ethnicity and treatment outcome in a randomized controlled trial for Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder)
Creators: name: Falkenstein, Martha J.
name: Rogers, Kate
name: Malloy, Elizabeth
name: Haaga, David
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: OBJECTIVE: Treatment outcome was compared among non-Hispanic White and racial/ethnic minority participants with trichotillomania (TTM), or hair-pulling disorder. METHOD: Symptom severity, quality of life, and TTM-related disability were compared in a behavior therapy trial with a stepped care approach: web-based self-help and then individual behavior therapy. The sample comprised 72% (n = 38) non-Hispanic White participants and 28% (n = 15) minority participants. RESULTS: The ethnic groups responded differently to treatment, with fewer minority participants showing improvement during web-based self-help. Response rates were equivalent between ethnic groups during the in-person behavior therapy. These results should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size of minorities in the study and consequent inability to analyze results for each racial/ethnic group individually. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should focus on the investigation of factors that may enable or hinder racial and ethnic minority participants to benefit from online and/or self-help behavior therapy for TTM.
Race/ethnicity and treatment outcome in a randomized controlled trial for Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder)
Creators: name: Falkenstein, Martha J.
name: Rogers, Kate
name: Malloy, Elizabeth
name: Haaga, David
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: OBJECTIVE: Treatment outcome was compared among non-Hispanic White and racial/ethnic minority participants with trichotillomania (TTM), or hair-pulling disorder. METHOD: Symptom severity, quality of life, and TTM-related disability were compared in a behavior therapy trial with a stepped care approach: web-based self-help and then individual behavior therapy. The sample comprised 72% (n = 38) non-Hispanic White participants and 28% (n = 15) minority participants. RESULTS: The ethnic groups responded differently to treatment, with fewer minority participants showing improvement during web-based self-help. Response rates were equivalent between ethnic groups during the in-person behavior therapy. These results should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size of minorities in the study and consequent inability to analyze results for each racial/ethnic group individually. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should focus on the investigation of factors that may enable or hinder racial and ethnic minority participants to benefit from online and/or self-help behavior therapy for TTM.
Equivariant characteristic classes in the bundle of connections
Creators: name: Perez, Roberto Ferreiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The characteristic forms in the bundle of connections of a principal bundle P over M determine the characteristic classes of P for degree less or equal to the dimension of M, and differential forms on the space of connections for higher degree. The equivariant characteristic classes provide canonical equivariant extensions of this forms, and so cohomology classes in the quotient space of connections modulo gauge transformations. More generally, given a closed differential form in M and a characteristic form, we obtain a cohomology class in the space of connections modulo gauge transformations, and we show that these classes coincide with some classes previously defined by Atiyah and Singer.
description: 16 pages
Luana Tonoli | Bachelorarbeit | Anhang B
Creators: name: Tonoli, Luana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Dieses Dokument ist als Anhang der Bachelorarbeit von Luana Tonoli (2024) zu betrachten. In Anhang B sind die Tools aus Phase 2 im Prozess des Design Thinking festgehalten.

Die Bachelorarbeit wurde durch «Graduate Papers in Applied Linguistics» (https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/10) publiziert.
A disk of dust and molecular gas around a high-mass protostar
Creators: name: Patel, Nimesh A.
name: Curiel, Salvador
name: Sridharan, T. K.
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Hunter, Todd R.
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
name: Torrelles, Jose M.
name: Moran, James M.
name: Gomez, Jose F.
name: Anglada, Guillem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The processes leading to the birth of low-mass stars such as our Sun have been well studied, but the formation of high-mass (> 8 x Sun's mass) stars has heretofore remained poorly understood. Recent observational studies suggest that high-mass stars may form in essentially the same way as low-mass stars, namely via an accretion process, instead of via merging of several low-mass (< 8 Msun) stars. However, there is as yet no conclusive evidence. Here, we report the discovery of a flattened disk-like structure observed at submillimeter wavelengths, centered on a massive 15 Msun protostar in the Cepheus-A region. The disk, with a radius of about 330 astronomical units (AU) and a mass of 1 to 8 Msun, is detected in dust continuum as well as in molecular line emission. Its perpendicular orientation to, and spatial coincidence with the central embedded powerful bipolar radio jet, provides the best evidence yet that massive stars form via disk accretion in direct analogy to the formation of low-mass stars.
Models of Compensation (MODCOMP) : policy analyses and unemployment effects
Creators: name: Golan, Amos
name: Blackstone, Tanja F.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The overall objective of this research is to analyze the impact of wage and bonus increases on enlisted personnel as well as personnel behavior over time and sensitivity to the macroeconomic conditions. Two types of models are used: the Amortized Cost of Leaving (ACOL) maximum likelihood and the non-ACOL information theoretic Generalized Maximum Entropy (GME) method. The bonus experiments for the ACOL models are done in the traditional manner and a way to improve those is discussed. The experiments for the non-ACOL model are developed and studied here.
Additional file 2 of Ribosomal RNA fragmentation into short RNAs (rRFs) is modulated in a sex- and population of origin-specific manner
Creators: name: Cherlin, Tess
name: Magee, Rogan
name: Jing, Yi
name: Pliatsika, Venetia
name: Phillipe Loher
name: Rigoutsos, Isidore
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. rRF pileup along the full-length transcript. This figure shows which part of the 5.8S rRNA the rRFs are produced from. The heatmap is scaled by row (sample). The dark magenta indicates high relative abundance while the dark green indicates low relative abundance. Border arrows indicate the boundaries of the 5.8S rRNA transcript of 157 nts. The leftmost arrow points to where rRFs land outside of the canonical rRNA boundary. The arrows pointing to positions 132 and 156 show where within the full-length rRNA the 5.8S 24-mer rRF is located. The rows are grouped by population.
Dynamic scaling in spin glasses
Creators: name: Pappas, C.
name: Mezei, F.
name: Ehlers, G.
name: Manuel, P.
name: Campbell, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new Neutron Spin Echo (NSE) results and a revisited analysis of historical data on spin glasses, which reveal a pure power-law time decay of the spin autocorrelation function $s(Q,t) = S(Q,t)/S(Q)$ at the glass temperature $T_g$, each power law exponent being in excellent agreement with that calculated from dynamic and static critical exponents deduced from macroscopic susceptibility measurements made on a quite different time scale. It is the first time that this scaling relation involving exponents of different physical quantities determined by completely independent experimental methods is stringently verified experimentally in a spin glass. As spin glasses are a subgroup of the vast family of glassy systems also comprising structural glasses, other non-crystalline systems living matter the observed strict critical scaling behaviour is important. Above the phase transition the strikingly non-exponential relaxation, best fitted by the Ogielski (power-law times stretched exponential) function, appears as an intrinsic, homogeneous feature of spin glasses.
description: 5 pages and 4 figures
Cosmic magnetic fields with MASCLET: an application to galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Quilis, Vicent
name: Martí, José Ma.
name: Planelles, Susana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe and test a new version of the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmological code MASCLET. The new version of the code includes all the ingredients of its previous version plus a description of the evolution of the magnetic field under the approximation of the ideal magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD). To preserve the divergence-free condition of MHD, the original divergence cleaning algorithm of Dedner et al. (2002) is implemented. We present a set of well-known 1D and 2D tests, such as several shock-tube problems, the fast rotor and the Orszag-Tang vortex. The performance of the code in all the tests is excellent with estimated median relative errors of $\nabla \cdot {\bf B}$ in the 2D tests smaller than $5 \times 10^{-5}$ for the fast rotor test, and $5 \times 10^{-3}$ for the Orszag-Tang vortex. As an astrophysical application of the code, we present a simulation of a cosmological box of 40 comoving Mpc side length in which a primordial uniform comoving magnetic field of strength 0.1 nG is seeded. The simulation shows how the magnetic field is channelled along the filaments of gas and is concentrated and amplified within galaxy clusters. Comparison with the values expected from pure compression reveals an additional amplification of the magnetic field caused by turbulence in the central region of the cluster. Values of the order of $\sim 1 μ$G are obtained in clusters at $z\sim 0$ with median relative errors of $\nabla \cdot {\bf B}$ below 0.4\%. The implications of a proper description of the dynamics of the magnetic field and their possible observational counterparts in future facilities are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
General-to-specific modeling in Stata
Creators: name: Clarke, Damian
name: Clarke, Damian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: genspec
subject: model selection
subject: general to specific
subject: statistical analysis
subject: specification tests

description: Empirical researchers are frequently confronted with issues regarding which explanatory variables to include in their models. This article describes the application of a well-known model-selection algorithm to Stata: general-to-specific (GETS) modeling. This process provides a prescriptive and defendable way of selecting a few relevant variables from a large list of potentially important variables when fitting a regression model. Several empirical issues in GETS modeling are then discussed, specifically, how such an algorithm can be applied to estimations based upon cross-sectional, time-series, and panel data. A command is presented, written in Stata and Mata, that implements this algorithm for various data types in a flexible way. This command is based on Stata’s regress or xtreg command, so it is suitable for researchers in the broad range of fields where regression analysis is used. Finally, the genspec command is illustrated using data from applied studies of GETS modeling with Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown to perform as empirically predicted and to have good size and power (or gauge and potency) properties under simulation.
Models of Compensation (MODCOMP) : policy analyses and unemployment effects
Creators: name: Golan, Amos
name: Blackstone, Tanja F.
Publisher: name: U.S. Navy - Navy Personnel Research, Studies, and Technology Division Bureau of Naval Personnel
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services

description: The overall objective of this research is to analyze the impact of wage and bonus increases on enlisted personnel as well as personnel behavior over time and sensitivity to the macroeconomic conditions. Two types of models are used: the Amortized Cost of Leaving (ACOL) maximum likelihood and the non-ACOL information theoretic Generalized Maximum Entropy (GME) method. The bonus experiments for the ACOL models are done in the traditional manner and a way to improve those is discussed. The experiments for the non-ACOL model are developed and studied here.
Robust data-driven inference in the regression-discontinuity design
Creators: name: Calonico, Sebastian
name: Cattaneo, Matias D.
name: Titiunik, Rocío
name: Calonico, Sebastian
name: Cattaneo, Matias D.
name: Titiunik, Rocío
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: rdrobust
subject: rdbwselect
subject: rdplot
subject: regression discontinuity (RD)
subject: sharp RD
subject: sharp kink RD
subject: fuzzy RD
subject: fuzzy kink RD
subject: treatment effects
subject: local polynomials
subject: bias correction
subject: bandwidth selection
subject: RD plots

description: In this article, we introduce three commands to conduct robust data-driven statistical inference in regression-discontinuity (RD) designs. First, we present rdrobust, a command that implements the robust bias-corrected confidence intervals proposed in Calonico, Cattaneo, and Titiunik (2014d, Econometrica 82: 2295–2326) for average treatment effects at the cutoff in sharp RD, sharp kink RD, fuzzy RD, and fuzzy kink RD designs. This command also implements other conventional nonparametric RD treatment-effect point estimators and confidence intervals. Second, we describe the companion command rdbwselect, which implements several bandwidth selectors proposed in the RD literature. Following the results in Calonico, Cattaneo, and Titiunik (2014a, Working paper, University of Michigan), we also introduce rdplot, a command that implements several data-driven choices of the number of bins in evenly spaced and quantile-spaced partitions that are used to construct the RD plots usually encountered in empirical applications. A companion R package is described in Calonico, Cattaneo, and Titiunik (2014b, Working paper, University of Michigan).
NTMpy: An open source package for solving coupled parabolic differential equations in the framework of the three-temperature model
Creators: name: Alber, Lukas
name: Scalera, Valentino
name: Unikandanunni, Vivek
name: Schick, Daniel
name: Bonetti, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NTMpy code package allows for simulating the one-dimensional thermal response of multilayer samples after optical excitation, as in a typical pump-probe experiment. Several Python routines are combined and optimized to solve coupled heat diffusion equations in one dimension, on arbitrary piecewise homogeneous material stacks, in the framework of the so-called three-temperature model. The energy source deposited in the material is modelled as a light pulse of arbitrary cross-section and temporal profile. A transfer matrix method enables the calculation of realistic light absorption in presence of scattering interfaces as in multilayer samples. The open source code is fully object-oriented to enable a user-friendly and intuitive interface for adjusting the physically relevant input parameters. Here, we describe the mathematical background of the code, we lay out the workflow, and we validate the functionality of our package by comparing it to commercial software, as well as to experimental transient reflectivity data recorded in a pump-probe experiment with femtosecond light pulses.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures