cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Blockchain Transaction Fee Forecasting: A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods
Creators: name: Butler, Conall
name: Crane, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H20, 65C20, 68T01, 91B84

description: Gas is the transaction-fee metering system of the Ethereum network. Users of the network are required to select a gas price for submission with their transaction, creating a risk of overpaying or delayed/unprocessed transactions in this selection. In this work, we investigate data in the aftermath of the London Hard Fork and shed insight into the transaction dynamics of the net-work after this major fork. As such, this paper provides an update on work previous to 2019 on the link between EthUSD BitUSD and gas price. For forecasting, we compare a novel combination of machine learning methods such as Direct Recursive Hybrid LSTM, CNNLSTM, and Attention LSTM. These are combined with wavelet threshold denoising and matrix profile data processing toward the forecasting of block minimum gas price, on a 5-min timescale, over multiple lookaheads. As the first application of the matrix profile being applied to gas price data and forecasting we are aware of, this study demonstrates that matrix profile data can enhance attention-based models however, given the hardware constraints, hybrid models outperformed attention and CNNLSTM models. The wavelet coherence of inputs demonstrates correlation in multiple variables on a 1 day timescale, which is a deviation of base free from gas price. A Direct-Recursive Hybrid LSTM strategy outperforms other models. Hybrid models have favourable performance up to a 20 min lookahead with performance being comparable to attention models when forecasting 25/50-min ahead. Forecasts over a range of lookaheads allow users to make an informed decision on gas price selection and the optimal window to submit their transaction in without fear of their transaction being rejected. This, in turn, gives more detailed insight into gas price dynamics than existing recommenders, oracles and forecasting approaches, which provide simple heuristics or limited lookahead horizons.
Spatial mapping of the Dirac point in monolayer and bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Deshpande, A.
name: Bao, W.
name: Zhao, Z.
name: Lau, C. N.
name: LeRoy, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have mapped the Dirac point in exfoliated monolayer and bilayer graphene using spatially resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements at low temperature. The Dirac point shifts in energy at different locations in graphene. However, a cross correlation with the topography shows no correlation indicating that topographic features such as ripples are not the primary source of the variation. Rather, we attribute the shift of the Dirac point to random charged impurities located near the graphene. Our findings emphasize the need to advance exfoliated graphene sample preparation to minimize the effect of impurities.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Die letzte Phase des Paläolithikums in Ungarn
Creators: name: Gábori, Miklós
Publisher: name: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit
Year: 2021

description: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit, Bd. 39/40 (1989): Quartär. Internationales Jahrbuch zur Eiszeitalter- und Steinzeitforschung
Positively Packed Rating Scales
Creators: name: Brown, Gavin T. L.
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2023
Subjects: Educational psychology
Testing, assessment and psychometrics

description: This resource gives background information as to the use of positively packed response scales for use in survey research. A more developed consideration is given in: Brown, G. T. L., & Shulruf, B. (2023). Response Option Design in Surveys. In L. R. Ford & T. A. Scandura (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Survey Development and Application. Sage.
Mens Rea and the Martin Act: A Weapon of Choice for Securities Fraud Prosecutions?
Creators: name: Izant, Jeff
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Given the lack of significant federal criminal prosecutions stemming from the 2008 financial crisis, state enforcement—in particular, by the New York State Attorney General through Section 352-c of the General Business Law, known as the “Martin Act”—could play a larger role. This is because it is widely believed that the statute’s culpability standards are weaker than those required for prosecution under federal law. Were the Martin Act to become a more significant means of criminal prosecution however, its heightened use would inevitably magnify two major problems with the statute. First, the consensus view is that the Martin Act establishes strict liability for misdemeanor securities fraud crimes. Yet there has been almost no analysis of whether it is “appropriate” to prosecute securities fraud as a strict liability crime, at least under this provision. Second, in part because there have been so few Martin Act decisions, New York courts have had little opportunity to develop a cohesive doctrine of mens rea under the felony provisions of the statute. As a result, they have never thoroughly explained exactly what showing of culpability is required for felony liability, or how their interpretations comport with the Martin Act’s text and legislative history. This Note demonstrates that the mental state requirements for Martin Act misdemeanor and felony liability need to be clarified and more thoroughly supported, especially because the statutory text and legislative history are somewhat ambiguous, and the subsequent jurisprudence has failed to provide a coherent explanation for the current state of the doctrine. Nonetheless, the Martin Act’s text, history and underlying policy rationale can be interpreted to support strict liability prosecution for misdemeanor securities fraud, and to impose felony liability for reckless violations of the statute.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 3
title: Living in the Holy Spirit: a phenomenological study of ecstatic Christian charismatic religious experience
Creators: name: Reichelt, Alexander
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: This thesis attempts to understand the perception of Charismatic Christians of the world they live in in relationship to their religious experiences. It explores a variety of experiences of holiness in the lives of Charismatic Christians, drawing upon numerous testimonies found in their own literature as well as the writings of anthropologists and sociologists of religion, and those obtained through interviews with individual Charismatic Christians. Being sensitive to the methodological difficulties of understanding any religious experience from a perspective outside a religious community, and yet desiring to pursue a non- reductionist approach to religious experience, the phenomenological tool of the epoche is applied. As we demonstrate through our discussion of the alternative scholarly approaches to the study of shamanism, religious experience is neither pathological nor a mere therapeutic tool, but irreducible to any other experience. In the light of this methodological principle we describe and interpret Christian Charismatic religious life and experience as it occurs in our own Western world as well as in non Western societies, and in so doing we consider its adaptability to other cultures and its relationship to indigenous religion of Christian and non Christian tradition. In order to identify the relationship of Christian Charismatic religion to our own culture, we compare it to another contemporary Western religious phenomenon, the New Age movement. Finally, identifying similar experiences in the history of Christianity, we find that from the beginning of the Christian Church there has been a struggle between a more hierarchical form of religion, which emphasises the values of the community of believers, and a more individualist form of religion, drawing its authority mainly from the personal experience of the Holy Spirit. Our modern Western culture tends to endorse more the values of the latter. It will be argued that the ecstatic experience of Charismatic Christians can be interpreted as the climax of secularisation: for a rapidly growing number of Charismatic Christians the institutionalised Church has become dispensable.
Syzygium samarangense Supplementary files
Creators: name: zhang, junyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300403
subject: Agronomy

description: 这是关于二倍体蜡苹果（Syzygium samarangense，确定了调节其果实发育的NAC基因。
Magnetic digital flop of ferroelectric domain with fixed spin chirality in a triangular lattice helimagnet
Creators: name: Seki, S.
name: Murakawa, H.
name: Onose, Y.
name: Tokura, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferroelectric properties in magnetic fields of varying magnitude and direction have been investigated for a triangular-lattice helimagnet CuFe1-xGaxO2 (x=0.035). The magnetoelectric phase diagrams were deduced for magnetic fields along [001], [110], and [1-10] direction, and the in-plane magnetic field was found to induce the rearrangement of six possible multiferroic domains. Upon every 60-degree rotation of in-plane magnetic field around the c-axis, unique 120-degree flop of electric polarization occurs as a result of the switch of helical magnetic q-vector. The chirality of spin helix is always conserved upon the q-flop. The possible origin is discussed in the light of the stable structure of multiferroic domain wall.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
Clarity and Predictability at the SEC: Abacus, Citigroup, and the Political Economy of Securities Fraud Settlements
Creators: name: Bell, Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) recently brought several enforcement actions against large investment banks for transactions involving collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”)—transactions that collectively cost their investors billions of dollars in losses. In three actions involving separate banks, the SEC reached widely different results, despite alleging similar transaction structures in each case. One commentator suggested that Citigroup benefited from a “late-mover” advantage in its dealings with the SEC. This allowed the bank to reach a favorable settlement compared to the settlement achieved by Goldman Sachs. This Note examines the salient details of each of the three transactions and settlements: Goldman Sachs’ ABACUS 2007-AC1, LTD; J.P. Morgan’s Squared CDO 2007-1, Ltd.; and Citigroup’s CLASS V Funding III, LTD. It then evaluates how the nine factors the SEC uses to guide its settlement decisions appear to have been applied inconsistently across transactions. Concluding that the nine factors do not adequately explain discrepancies in the settlement results, this Note argues that other differences, such as the timing of the suits, growing uncertainty regarding the applicability of legal standards to the available facts, and the varying public perception of each bank in question, provide more insight into the results of the SEC’s enforcement actions.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 3
Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation in Financial Firms: The Case for Convertible Equity-based Pay
Creators: name: Gordon, Jeffrey N.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Unlike the failure of a nonfinancial firm, the failure of a systemically important financial firm will reduce the value of a diversified shareholder portfolio because of economy-wide reductions in expected returns and a consequent increase in systematic risk. Thus, diversified shareholders of a financial firm generally internalize systemic risk, whereas managerial shareholders and blockholders do not. This means that the governance model drawn from nonfinancial firms will not fit financial firms. Regulations that limit risk-taking by financial firms can thus provide a benefit, rather than necessarily impose a cost, for the typical diversified public shareholder. Managerial shareholding also gives rise to a particular problem of the CEO who, despite the increasing precariousness of the firm’s position, may be reluctant to pursue equity infusions or to sell the firm because of the resulting dilution of his ownership stake. This might be called the “Fuld problem.” To mitigate excessive risk-taking both in ordinary operations and as the firm approaches financial distress, this paper proposes a new compensation mechanism for senior managers: convertible equity-based pay. Upon certain external triggers––for example, a regulatory downgrade into a high-risk category, deterioration in a key financial ratio, or a significant stock price drop––such stock-based compensation should convert into subordinated debt, at a valuation discount. This will give managers an incentive to curb excessive risk-taking and, in particular, to steer the firm away from financial distress.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 3
Unraveling Cold Start Enigmas in Predictive Analytics for OTT Media: Synergistic Meta-Insights and Multimodal Ensemble Mastery
Creators: name: Ganguly, K.
name: Patra, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The cold start problem is a common challenge in various domains, including media use cases such as predicting viewership for newly launched shows on Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms. In this study, we propose a generic approach to tackle cold start problems by leveraging metadata and employing multi-model ensemble techniques. Our methodology includes feature engineering, model selection, and an ensemble approach based on a weighted average of predictions. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated using various performance metrics. Our results indicate that the multi-model ensemble approach significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to individual models.
Competition for Innovation
Creators: name: Hovenkamp, Herbert
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Both antitrust and IP law are limited and imperfect instruments for regulating innovation. More fundamentally, antitrust law and intellectual property law have looked at markets in very different ways. Further, over the last three decades, antitrust law has undergone a reformation process that has made it extremely self-conscious about its goals. While the need for such reform is at least as apparent in patent law, very little true reform has actually occurred. This article briefly examines three areas in which antitrust has something useful to contribute to innovation policy. The first concerns the relationship between innovation and market structure. Second is the lesson that IP law can learn from the severe revision in remedies doctrine that antitrust has developed in order to align private antitrust enforcement with antitrust law’s underlying goals. The third concerns the way that antitrust should deal with deficient intellectual property rules that grant far too many rights and defines them in excessively ambiguous or overly broad ways. Managing competition for innovation is a complex task, made more complex and difficult by deficient intellectual property policies. Although courts are not perfect institutions either, we would probably have a better and more defensible intellectual property system if we left somewhat more to the courts and less to the statutes.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 3
Metastable Vacua in Superconformal SQCD-like Theories
Creators: name: Amariti, Antonio
name: Girardello, Luciano
name: Mariotti, Alberto
name: Siani, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamical supersymmetry breaking in vector-like superconformal N=1 gauge theories. We find appropriate deformations of the superpotential to overcome the problem of the instability of the non supersymmetric vacuum. The request for long lifetime translates into constraints on the physical couplings which in this regime can be controlled through efficient RG analysis.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, JHEP3.cls
MPEC 2023-X254 : 2023 XN11
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XN11

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Business Roundtable: A New Level of Judicial Scrutiny and Its Implications in a Post-Dodd-Frank World
Creators: name: Mongone, Anthony W.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Questions regarding the appropriate bounds of judicial review have recently intensified in the wake of President Obama’s controversial comments concerning the Supreme Court’s pending ruling on the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act. A similar debate, however, has been raging in the securities law community since July 2011, when the D.C. Circuit vacated Exchange Act Rule 14a-11, the so-called “proxy access rule,” in Business Roundtable v. SEC. Throughout this scathing opinion, the court condemns the SEC for failing to adequately consider the costs and benefits of Rule 14a-11 in promulgating the regulation, as commanded by the National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 (“NSMIA”). Although the extent of cost-benefit analysis contemplated by the NSMIA—and thus how strictly the court should scrutinize the conclusions arrived at by the SEC through this analysis—is by the statute’s plain terms ambiguous, the court erroneously failed to examine the NSMIA’s legislative history, instead applying an unprecedented level of de novo-like scrutiny. This Note argues that the correct standard of judicial review envisioned by Congress in enacting the NSMIA, which such an examination would have revealed, is far more deferential to the agency’s determinations than the nearly insurmountable standard applied by the D.C. Circuit, rendering some of its holdings utterly incorrect. Business Roundtable scrutiny, this Note argues, has the potential to eliminate SEC rulemaking and undo Dodd-Frank’s sweeping financial reforms to the detriment of the national economy, absolutely demanding clarification by either Congress or the Supreme Court of the appropriate standard of judicial review by which the court is to evaluate SEC rules.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
Freezeouts in Delaware: An Exploration of the Appropriate Standard of Review
Creators: name: Gupta, Priya
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: In the last decade, there has been a general increase in the number of transactions taking corporations private, and consequently an increase in the amount of litigation over the fair treatment of minority shareholders in such deals. Courts, particularly those in Delaware, are in the process of developing a framework for analyzing fairness in these cases, but have repeatedly confronted the issue of the appropriate standard of review. As different forms of going private transactions have developed, the case law has adapted to review the two primary forms—the negotiated merger freezeout and the tender offer freezeout—differently based on each transaction’s specific structure. Most recently, the Delaware Court of Chancery has advocated a new rule in which both types of freezeouts would be subject to the same unified standard of review, despite their different technical forms. This Note argues that the proposed unified standard may not be the best solution to the perceived discrepancy in the treatment of negotiated merger freezeouts versus tender offer freezeouts. The two forms of freezeouts involve different relationships between parties and require different levels of oversight from courts in order to ensure fair treatment. The current dual standard may not be perfect, but the CNX Gas solution, in its current form, should not be adopted either.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
Longitudinal Atomic Beam Spin Echo Experiments: A possible way to study Parity Violation in Hydrogen
Creators: name: DeKieviet, M.
name: Gasenzer, T.
name: Nachtmann, O.
name: Trappe, M. -I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the propagation of hydrogen atoms in static electric and magnetic fields in a longitudinal atomic beam spin echo (lABSE) apparatus. Depending on the choice of the external fields the atoms may acquire both dynamical and geometrical quantum mechanical phases. As an example of the former, we show first in-beam spin rotation measurements on atomic hydrogen, which are in excellent agreement with theory. Additional calculations of the behaviour of the metastable 2S states of hydrogen reveal that the geometrical phases may exhibit the signature of parity-(P-)violation. This invites for possible future lABSE experiments, focusing on P-violating geometrical phases in the lightest of all atoms.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Into the TongueVerse : unraveling speech motor strategies via inverse atlas modeling
Creators: name: Maity, Ursa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The intricate and interdigitated musculature of the human tongue presents a formidable challenge in quantifying functional traits for lingual behaviors, notably in speech articulation. To advance speech research and address treatment strategies, a harmonized approach blending quantitative and qualitative analyses of muscle functions within specific tongue movements is essential. A novel biomechanical ”atlas” model, incorporating morphological features from a diverse range of speakers, has the potential to predict and analyze muscle behavior across distinct subject-specific speech kinematics. This work centers on a Finite Element Model (FEM) constructed from multi-subject atlas MRI data, capturing the biomechanical intricacies of tongue movements during speech tasks such as "a souk" and "a geese." The tongue atlas model is used to inversely predict the muscle activations of eight native English speakers. To illuminate articulation differences within the same consonant sound production in distinct vowel contexts, we perform a Wilcoxon signed-ranked difference test on the estimated muscle activation patterns for each speaker. Our findings reveal that nearly all muscles engaged in producing the same /s/ sound exhibit different activation patterns in "a souk" vs. "a geese" across all speakers. Furthermore, we temporally align the muscle activation patterns for each speaker using a dynamic time warp (DTW) function and define a similarity index to measure resemblances in the employed motor strategies. Our results suggest that some speakers are more likely to employ similar motor strategies when uttering words than others.
The Computation of Gal$(k^\infty/k)$ for some Complex Quadratic Number Fields $k$
Creators: name: Benjamin, Elliot
name: Lemmermeyer, Franz
name: Snyder, Chip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R20

description: We determine the Galois group of the 2-class field tower for two particular families of imaginary quadratic number fields $k$ with $2$-class field tower of length $2$.
Roundtable: Leading Issues Facing the Strine Court
Creators: name: Symposium, 2012
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Excerpts taken from roundtable discussion at the Columbia University School of Law Symposium: The Delaware Court of Chancery: Change and Continuity (Nov. 11, 2011).
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
Panel: Delaware’s World: Who Are Its Competitors?
Creators: name: Symposium, 2012
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Excerpts taken from panel discussion at the Columbia University School of Law Symposium: The Delaware Court of Chancery: Change and Continuity (Nov. 11, 2011).
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
Panel: The Evolution of M&A Litigation in the Chandler Era
Creators: name: Symposium, 2012
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Excerpts taken from panel discussion at the Columbia University School of Law Symposium: The Delaware Court of Chancery: Change and Continuity (Nov. 11, 2011).
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
WDX-Analysis of the New Superconductors RO(1-x)F(x)FeAs and Its Consequences on the Electronic Phase Diagram
Creators: name: Köhler, Anke
name: Behr, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polycrystalline samples of RO1-xFxFeAs (0 < x < 0.25) (R = La, Sm, Gd) were investigated by wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX) in the electron microscope to determine the composition of the samples, in particular the fluorine content. It was found that the measured fluorine content can deviate considerably from the initial weight. In the lanthanum compound LaO1-xFxFeAs, we found good agreement mainly for x > 0.05, but for x < 0.05 the fluorine hardly goes into the sample. For the samarium compound we measured less than half the fluorine in the sample as initially weighed at all fluorine concentrations. These measured values are taken into account when drawing the electronic phase diagrams of LaO1-xFxFeAs and SmO1-xFxFeAs. This leads to a more consistent picture of both of the diagrams in comparison to the plot of the initial weight.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism
The Genius of the Modern Chancery System
Creators: name: Savitt, William
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: The Delaware Court of Chancery has developed a transactional jurisprudence that blends the oldest traditions of equitable judging with a modern regulatory sensibility. Chancery’s innovation is its deployment of common law methods to recreate the policymaking toolbox of a regulatory agency. Through its considered use of dictum, frequent engagement with practitioners and scholars of corporate law, and expert adjudication of a large and representative sample of shareholder lawsuits challenging public company deals, the Court has largely captured the substantive and procedural benefits of notice-and-comment rulemaking in announcing and developing Delaware corporate law.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
Dynamics of the clumps partially disrupted from a planet around a neutron star
Creators: name: Kurban, Abdusattar
name: Zhou, Xia
name: Wang, Na
name: Huang, Yong-Feng
name: Wang, Yu-Bin
name: Nurmamat, Nurimangul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal disruption events are common in the Universe, which may occur in various compact star systems and could account for many astrophysical phenomena. Depending on the separation between the central compact star and its companion, either a full disruption or a partial disruption may occur. The partial disruption of a rocky planet around a neutron star can produce kilometer-sized clumps, but the main portion of the planet can survive. The dynamical evolution of these clumps is still poorly understood. In this study, the characteristics of partial disruption of a rocky planet in a highly elliptical orbit around a neutron star is investigated. The periastron of the planet is assumed to be very close to the neutron star so that it would be partially disrupted by tidal force every time it passes through the periastron. It is found that the fragments generated in the process will change their orbits on a time scale of a few orbital periods due to the combined influence of the neutron star and the remnant planet, and will finally collide with the central neutron star. Possible outcomes of the collisions are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Implications for Primordial Non-Gaussianity (f_NL) from weak lensing masses of high-z galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Jimenez, Raul
name: Verde, Licia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent weak lensing measurement of the dark matter mass of the high-redshift galaxy cluster XMMUJ2235.3-2557 of (8.5 +- 1.7) x 10^{14} Msun at z=1.4, indicates that, if the cluster is assumed to be the result of the collapse of dark matter in a primordial gaussian field in the standard LCDM model, then its abundance should be < 0.002 clusters in the observed area. Here we investigate how to boost the probability of XMMUJ2235.3-2557 in particular resorting to deviations from Gaussian initial conditions. We show that this abundance can be boosted by factors > 3-10 if the non-Gaussianity parameter f^local_NL is in the range 150-200. This value is comparable to the limit for f_NL obtained by current constraints from the CMB. We conclude that mass determination of high-redshift, massive clusters can offer a complementary probe of primordial non-gaussianity.
A Spatial Representation of Delaware-Washington Interaction in Corporate Lawmaking
Creators: name: Roe, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Delaware and Washington interact in making corporate law. In prior work I showed how Delaware corporate law can be, and often is, confined by federal action. Sometimes Washington acts and preempts the field, constitutionally or functionally. Sometimes Delaware tilts toward or follows Washington opinion, even if that opinion does not square perfectly with its own consensus view of the best way to proceed. And sometimes Delaware affects Washington activity, effectively coopting a busy Washington from acting in ways that do not accord with Delaware’s major constituents’ view of best practice. Delaware influences Washington decision-making when Delaware is positioned between its own ultimate preferences (determined in part by its primary constituencies’ consensus position) and Washington’s prevailing preferences. Since Congress has a long and complex agenda, if key players in Washington become satisfied that the Delaware legal outputs are close enough to their own preferences, Delaware can induce Washington to desist from going further. At the Columbia Symposium on Delaware corporate lawmaking, I presented a straight-forward spatial model paralleling spatial models that political scientists have used to illustrate other contexts of government jurisdictional interaction. In this article, I describe and set forth that model to illustrate Delaware-Washington interaction in the last decade’s making of proxy access rules.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
D4.6 Important physical processes and modelling schemes of induces microseismicity
Creators: name: Charalampidou, Elli-Maria
name: Aochi, Hideo
name: Blaisonneau, Arnold
name: Gentier, Silvie
name: Guillon, Theophile
name: Peter-Borie, Mariane
name: Rachez, Xavier
name: Bouijze, Loes
name: Fokker, Peter
name: van Wees, Jan-Diederick
name: Wassing, Brecht
name: Beaujard, Clement
name: Schoenball, Martin
name: Bruel, Dominique
name: De Natale, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: geothermal energy
exploration
geophysics
induced seismicity
enhanced geothermal system

description: This report contains a Synopsis and Two papers: Coupled continuum modelling of fracture reactivation and induced seismicity during ehnanced geothermal operation, by Wassing, van Wees and Fokker, draft version submitted to Geothermics

Self-induced seismicity due to fluid circulation, by Aochi, Poisson, Trusiani, Rachez, and Schmittbul, draft version submitted to Geophysical Journal International.

In the synopsis it is clarified that the main aim of the study is to understand the geomechanical causes and processes of induced seismicity in various contexts and at various scales.
Constrained $f(Q,T)$ gravity accelerating cosmological model and its dynamical system analysis
Creators: name: Narawade, S. A.
name: Koussour, M.
name: Mishra, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have presented an accelerating cosmological model of the Universe in an extended symmetric teleparallel gravity or $f(Q,T)$ gravity. The parametric form of the Hubble parameter is, $H\left(z\right) =H_{0}\left[ α+\left( 1-α\right) \left( 1+z\right) ^{n}\right] ^{\frac{3}{2n}}$, where $H_0$ and $n$ are constants and for $n=3$, the $Λ$CDM scenario can be obtained. We have considered the logarithmic form of $f(Q,T)$ as, $f(Q,T)=-Q+β\log\left(\frac{Q}{Q_{0}}\right)+γT$, where $β$ and $γ$ are the free model parameters. Using the Hubble, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) datasets, the present value of the Hubble parameter and other free parameters are constrained. Further other cosmographic and dynamical parameters are presented using the obtained constrained values of the Hubble and free parameters. The model shows the quintessence behavior of the Universe at the present time. The present value of the EoS parameter is obtained as, $ω_{0}=-0.56$ for the $Hubble+BAO+SNe$ datasets. The energy conditions are presented and the violation of the strong energy condition has been shown. We have performed the dynamical system analysis to validate the stability of the model. From the evolutionary plot obtained through the dynamical system variables, the present value of density parameters have been obtained as $Ω_m\approx0.3$ and $Ω_{de}\approx0.7$.
description: Nuclear Physics B published version
Investigation of excipients to improve oral delivery of peptides
Creators: name: Saxena, Tanya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Oral delivery of drugs provides a patient compliant & cost-effective method of treating multiple diseases. However due to physiological and mechanical barriers like gastric pH (~1.2), pyloric sphincter, enzymatic degradation in gut, mucosal lining, and selective permeability of molecules across the intestinal membrane, most drugs do not reach systemic circulation after oral administration. These hurdles become bigger when peptides are delivered orally, since they have sensitive 3D structures that breakdown easily. The aim of this dissertation is to overcome these hurdles using excipients that protect the peptide from degradation as well as increase their permeability across the intestinal lining. We hypothesized that sub-millimeter sized gelatin microparticles (named sorbops) generated using a novel microfluidic setup, can be loaded with drugs through absorption/adsorption, and enterically coated to bypass the acidic pH of the stomach along with easy transit from the stomach to the intestine. Furthermore, we hypothesized that a model peptide like Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 (GLP-1), which shows a short half-life of 2 min due to enzymatic degradation, can have longer retention in gut when substituted with more stable chemical analogs pGLP-1 (derived from platypus). Finally, to overcome the last hurdle, we hypothesized that a biocompatible and multi-functional dendrimer like hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG), after conjugation with GLP-1 using an enzyme sensitive linker, can be released in the intestine to increase the oral bioavailability of the peptide. The hypotheses were tested using in vitro dissolution and permeability studies along with in vivo SPECT/CT imaging and blood sampling for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Enterically coated sorbops loaded with radiolabeled drugs showed a safe and smooth transit to the intestine within 3 h after oral gavage in mice. Furthermore, GLP-1-HPG conjugates showed 10x higher efficacy compared to free peptide in the systemic circulation. Thus, excipients like sorbops and HPG have the potential to improve the oral bioavailability of peptides.
A Case Study: Air Products v. Airgas and the Value of Strategic Judicial Decision-Making
Creators: name: Davidoff, Steven M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: When is it appropriate for Delaware judges to act strategically? This case study documents and analyzes Air Products’ $5.8 billion unsuccessful, hostile offer for Airgas, reviewing the decisions made by the Delaware courts in adjudicating the most prominent takeover bid of 2010. The three court opinions in Air Products v. Airgas illustrate how Delaware courts strategically decide cases and the effect of this decision-making on the course of Delaware corporate law and Delaware’s constituencies. The Airgas case ultimately provides a useful lesson for when, if ever, strategic considerations should influence the outcome of individual Delaware corporate law disputes.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
Signatures of NP models in top FCNC decay t --> c(u) l+ l-
Creators: name: Drobnak, Jure
name: Fajfer, Svjetlana
name: Kamenik, Jernej F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among other roles the LHC will play a role of the top "factory" and it will give us unique possibility to study new physics signatures in different ways. Many scenarios of new physics allow top quark FCNC decays. Using most general model independent Lagrangian of new physics we investigate possible experimental signals of new physics in t --> c(u) l+ l- FCNC top decays. We find that measurement of two possible asymmetries might give very important and interesting information of NP. It is particularly interesting to use them to discriminate among variety on NP scenarios. We consider also contributions of the interference between scalar and vector mediators of the FCNC decays.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
ParaLS: Lexical Substitution via Pretrained Paraphraser
Creators: name: Qiang, Jipeng
name: Liu, Kang
name: Li, Yun
name: Yuan, Yunhao
name: Zhu, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lexical substitution (LS) aims at finding appropriate substitutes for a target word in a sentence. Recently, LS methods based on pretrained language models have made remarkable progress, generating potential substitutes for a target word through analysis of its contextual surroundings. However, these methods tend to overlook the preservation of the sentence's meaning when generating the substitutes. This study explores how to generate the substitute candidates from a paraphraser, as the generated paraphrases from a paraphraser contain variations in word choice and preserve the sentence's meaning. Since we cannot directly generate the substitutes via commonly used decoding strategies, we propose two simple decoding strategies that focus on the variations of the target word during decoding. Experimental results show that our methods outperform state-of-the-art LS methods based on pre-trained language models on three benchmarks.
Ergodicity of a stress release point process seismic model with aftershocks
Creators: name: Brémaud, Pierre
name: Foss, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove ergodicity of a point process earthquake model combining the classical stress release model for primary shocks with the Hawkes model for aftershocks.
description: 20 pages
Delaware Corporate Litigation and the Fragmentation of the Plaintiffs’ Bar
Creators: name: Cheffins, Brian
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Since 2000, a growing proportion of lawsuits against directors of public companies incorporated in Delaware have been filed outside Delaware. There has also been a large increase in the likelihood of litigation challenging M&A transactions involving Delaware targets, and the likelihood that suits involving the same transaction will be filed both in Delaware and elsewhere. In this Article we explore one potential cause for these trends—intensified competition between plaintiffs’ law firms. We trace the development of the plaintiffs’ bar from the 1970s to the present and identify three changes that plausibly contributed to the out-of-Delaware trend and a higher litigation rate: (1) stronger competition among plaintiffs’ lawyers specializing in securities litigation also affected the corporate law side of the plaintiffs’ bar; (2) changes in how the Delaware courts selected lead counsel encouraged non-Delaware filing by firms who were unlikely to win lead counsel status in Delaware; (3) potential obstacles associated with launching a suit in a jurisdiction other than Delaware become less of a concern to the plaintiffs’ bar. This Article draws upon data and insights developed more fully in a related policy-oriented paper: “Delaware’s Balancing Act”, Indiana Law Review (forthcoming 2012), and a related empirical paper (“Is Delaware Losing its Cases”, Journal of Empirical Legal Studies (forthcoming 2012)).
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
Odd-Even Crossover in a non-Abelian $ν=5/2$ Interferometer
Creators: name: Bishara, Waheb
name: Nayak, Chetan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the backscattered current in a double point-contact geometry of a Quantum Hall system at filling fraction $ν=5/2$ as a function of bias voltage in the weak backscattering regime. We assume that the system is in the universality class of either the Pfaffian or anti-Pfaffian state. When the number of charge $e/4$ quasiparticles in the interferometer is odd, there is no interference pattern. However, the coupling between a charge $e/4$ quasiparticle and the edge causes it to be absorbed by the edge at low energies. Consequently, an interference pattern appears at low bias voltages and temperatures, as if there were an even number of quasiparticles in the interferometer. We relate this problem to that of a semi-infinite Ising model with a boundary magnetic field. Using the methods of perturbed boundary conformal field theory, we give an exact expression for this crossover of the interferometer as a function of bias voltage. Finally, we comment on the possible relevance of our results to recent interference experiments.
description: Two figures added, along with a brief explanation of them. Abstract slightly edited, and one reference added
title: Behavioural characteristics of poly brominated diphenyl ethers in soil
Creators: name: Cantwell, Cuirin
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: This thesis work focused on the determination of behavioral characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a soil setting. As emerging persistent organic pollutants (EPOPs), PBDEs have been shown to impact the health of ecosystems and living organisms in a negative way. PBDEs have a particular affinity towards the organic carbon content found within soil particles, thus understanding their fate and transport in this setting is important information needed for effective and efficient remedial efforts. In this thesis, the adsorption behavior of all 209 PBDE congeners is determined through 3D-QSAR techniques by estimating each of their organic carbon-water partition coefficient (Koc) values. In addition, the biodegradability of commonly occurring PBDE congeners is studied through considering unique enzymes that may be readily available in soil while conducting molecular docking. The research outputs indicated that the degree of bromination plays a significant role in how PBDEs behave in soil due to compound stability and molecular geometry. Moving forward, the findings help to advance the knowledge on PBDE behaviors in soil and facilitate the environmental engineering operations by means of creating more efficient and effective ways of remediating PBDEs out of a soil environment.
The Delaware Court of Chancery: An Insider’s View of Change and Continuity
Creators: name: Chandler III, William B.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: This article is based on a speech the author delivered at the Columbia University School of Law Symposium: The Delaware Court of Chancery: Change and Continuity (Nov. 11, 2011).
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 2
title: Impact of Specifically Adsorbing Anions on the Electroless Growth of Gold Nanotubes
Creators: name: Muench, FalK
name: Neetzel, Cornelia
name: Lauterbach, Stefan
name: Kleebe, Hans‐Joachim
name: Ensinger, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Year: 2022

description: Electroless metal deposition on nanochannel-containing templates is a versatile route towards metal nanotubes and nanowires if the plating reaction can be sufficiently controlled. In this study, disulfitoaurate-formaldehyde-based gold plating baths were modified by the addition of halides, pseudohalides, and EDTA. The introduction of specifically adsorbing anions strongly affected the heterogeneously autocatalyzed plating reaction and allowed the regulation of the reaction rate and the product morphology. The new plating baths showed enhanced stability and allowed the synthesis of homogeneous nanotubes of high aspect ratios (>150) in 30 μm thick ion track-etched polymer templates. Depending on the reaction conditions, solid and porous structures consisting of gold nanoparticles of differing size and shape were accessible. The presented strategy offers adapted gold thin films, nanotubes, and nanowires for applications in catalysis or sensing.
Improved radiative corrections and proton charge form factor from the Rosenbluth separation technique
Creators: name: Weissbach, Florian
name: Hencken, Kai
name: Trautmann, Dirk
name: Sick, Ingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate whether the apparent discrepancy between proton electric form factor from measurements using the Rosenbluth separation technique and polarization transfer method is due to the standard approximations employed in radiative correction procedures. Inaccuracies due to both the peaking approximation and the soft-photon approximation have been removed in our simulation approach. In contrast to results from (e,e'p) experiments, we find them in this case to be too small to explain the discrepancy.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures