cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Costs and Benefits of Investment Treaties: Practical Considerations for States
Creators: name: Johnson, Lise
name: Sachs, Lisa E.
name: Guven, Brooke S.
name: Coleman, Jesse
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Investments--Law and legislation
subject: Treaties
subject: Cost effectiveness
subject: Investments--Government policy
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This paper analyzes the expected benefits of investment treaties, including: increased inward investment, increased outward investment, and depoliticization of investment disputes. It then considers evidence of the costs of investment treaties, including: litigation, liability, reputational cost, reduced policy space, distorted power dynamics, reduced role for domestic law-making, and uncertainty in the law. The authors set forth practical steps that states can take relating to both existing treaties as well as future treaties with an objective of increasing desired benefits and decreasing unexpected and high costs of investment treaties.
Combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson using up to 4.9 fb-1 of pp collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC using datasets corresponding to integrated luminosities from 1.04 fb-1 to 4.9 fb-1 of pp collisions collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The Higgs boson mass ranges 112.9-115.5 GeV, 131-238 GeV and 251-466 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level (CL), while the range 124-519 GeV is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is observed around mH ~ 126 GeV with a local significance of 3.5 standard deviations (sigma). The local significance of H -> gamma gamma, H -> ZZ(*) -> lll'l' and H -> WW(*) -> lvl'v, the three most sensitive channels in this mass range, are 2.8 sigma, 2.1 sigma and 1.4 sigma, respectively. The global probability for the background to produce such a fluctuation anywhere in the explored Higgs boson mass range 110-600 GeV is estimated to be ~1.4% or, equivalently 2.2 sigma.
description: 8 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 4 figures, author list corrected, matches published version in PLB
Neoperla schuelei Zwick & Zwick 2023, n. sp.
Creators: name: Zwick, Peter
name: Zwick, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Neoperla
Neoperla schuelei

description: 43. Neoperla schuelei n. sp.
(Figs. 227–230)
 Type material: ♀ Holotype: Republic of Angola 20.XI.13, Malanje Prov.. 2km N of Socqueco, 994m, P. Schuele leg. -16- (SMNS; NEOP177, slide without number).
 2♀ paratypes: Republic of Angola, prov. Uíge, Finca 7°38’08.6’’S, 14°56’25.8’’E 645m, 24.x.2013, at light, leg. M.Nuss (SMTD; Z17.50, NEOP178 (egg slide also in SMNS) & Z17 /51, NEOP179).
 Habitus. WL 12.7–14.7mm. Body and wings dark ochraceous, antennal base light, flagellum gradually darker, distally blackish, cercus black. Legs dark, almost black, except basal part of femora (1/3 on fore femur, half on middle leg, 2/3 on hind leg), knee and tip of tibiae lighter.
 Male. Unknown.
 Female (Fig. 227). S8 structurally unmodified, front half of sternite with a transverse brown spot, there is no distinct pigment in the caudal half of S8. Vagina unmodified, pale spinules near the attachment of SSt are very slender. SSt coiled, densely coated by slender triangular scales. Length of SST a full circle in the holotype, little more than half a circle in a paratype.
 Egg (Figs. 228–230). Size 358*197µm, slender ovoid with narrow parabolic operculum, fused collar with two rings of cells. Anchor mushroom-shaped. Egg surface even, no raised costae, no concave sulci. However, the arrangement of the moderately fine punctures in wide flat bands between flat impunctate stripes which are only half as wide creates the illusion of a striate surface (Fig. 229). Micropyles in the punctate bands are unmodified. The operculum is smooth and has also no relief but the fine punctures on it stand in polygones surrounded by bare strips.
 DNA (Figs. 491–492, 496). The female holotype and two female paratypes from Angola were sequenced for the COX1 DNA barcode fragment (holotype) and with the genome-skimming approach (both paratypes). They cluster together with near maximum support (85.8/99/100), and the species is maximally supported (100/100/100) as sister to N. bipolaris n. sp ..
 Notes. Similar to N. spio, the sister species N. bipolaris n. sp. and N. schuelei n. sp. share slender, sharply pointed triangular scales in the SSt.
 Etymology. Named in honour of Peter Schüle (Germany, Herrenberg), who collected the holotype and other interesting material.
description: Published as part of Zwick, Peter & Zwick, Andreas, 2023, Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data, pp. 1-194 in Zootaxa 5316 (1) on page 101, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5316.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8154005
Eupsenella ceciliae Terayama 2004
Creators: name: Ramos, Magno S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Eupsenella
Eupsenella ceciliae

description: Eupsenella ceciliae Terayama, 2004 (Figs 3, 48, 93) Eupsenella ceciliae Terayama 2004: 40, Figs 5, 8, 11, 17, 21. Material examided. Holotype ♀. AUSTRALIA, [South Australia], Adelaide, J. G. O. Tepper, Database n 32–032366, SAMA. AUSTRALIA, W[estern] A[ustralia], 33.37S 115.29E, Ludlow, 1 ♀, 2 Nov [ember]–23 Dec [ember] 1981, S.J.Curry, Malaise / Tuart forest, ANIC; 1 ♀, 4 Nov[ember]–22 Dec[ember] 1981, S.J.Curry, Malaise/ Tuart forest, ANIC; N[ew] S[outh] W[ales], 1 ♀, 31.57S 151.25E, 151.25E, Polblue Swamp, Barrington Tops, S. F., T.Weir, ANIC; A[ustralian] C[apital] T[erritory], Canberra, 1 ♀, 23 July, 1948, E.F.Riek, ANIC; 1 ♀, 15 Feb[ruary] 1951, E.F.Riek, ANIC; 1 ♀, Black M [oun]t[ai]n, 1–6 Jan[uary] 1980, Malaise Site 1, D.H.Colless, ANIC; 1 ♀, Malaise Site 2, 4–7 Feb[ruary] 1980, D.H.Colless, ANIC; 1 ♀, 34.21S 139.31E, Brookfield Con[servation] P[ar]k, 2 Dec[ember] 19[91]–2 Jan[uary] 1992, J.Stelman, S.Williams, Malaise #2 mallee, ANIC; Tas[mania], 1 ♀, 40.54.S 145.21E, Speedwell R [oa]d, 18 Jan [uary] 1983, I.D.Naumann, J.C.Cardale, ANIC. MALE. Unknown. Distribution. Australia (South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania). Variation. Body length 5.20–7.15 mm; LFW 3.47–4.77 mm; clypeus with shape rounded to truncate and broad; vertex crest strongly concave; median carina of reaching only half length of propodeal disc; Rs b almost straight; Cu b vestigial; color of veins of forewing range from light castaneous to dark castaneous. Remarks. This species was known from two specimens of type series, but here we got nine specimens.
description: Published as part of Ramos, Magno S. & Azevedo, Celso O., 2012, Revision of Eupsenella Westwood, 1874 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 3539 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3539.1.1
description: {"references": ["Terayama, M. (2004) Descriptions of new taxa and distribution records of the family Bethylidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) II. Subfamily Bethylinae and fossil Taxa. Academic reports, Faculty Engineering. Tokyo Polytechnic University, 27, 39 - 41."]}
Thermal Performance of the Extensive Green Roof in Semi-Arid and Cold Climates
Creators: name: Tagde, Ketan Ashok
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Green roof
subject: Thermal performance
subject: Heat flux
subject: Temperature
subject: Moisture
subject: Growing media
subject: Engineering--Civil

description: Green roofs have recently gained popularity worldwide to reduce building energy consumption for heating and cooling. Many studies have shown the thermal benefits of green roofs in enhancing building energy efficiency in different climates, particularly in hot and temperate climates. However, studies in cold-climate regions are still limited, especially in cold and semi-arid regions. Therefore, this thesis aimed to provide region-specific knowledge by statistically analyzing the thermal performance of an extensive green roof and a reference roof in the City of Calgary, Alberta, in this climate context. In this thesis, data including roof temperature at several layers, heat flux, meteorological variables, media temperature, and moisture collected from 2017 to 2018, were used. Several statistical analyses were conducted to examine the thermal behaviour of the green roof and the impacts of media moisture on its thermal performance on hot, normal, and cold days. The results showed that the green roof mitigated spatial variations in temperature and heat flux and improved horizontal heat distribution on hot and normal days compared to the reference roof. Additionally, the green roof provided cooling effects by reducing temperatures at various common layers on hot days compared to the reference roof while offering warming effects on cold and normal days by increasing temperatures. The increased thermal resistance provided by the green roof further reaffirmed these cooling and warming effects. Moreover, the green roof decreased roof temperatures vertically from its top layer to the bottom layer, particularly during the daytime when the air temperature was higher, thereby absorbing and retaining more heat. Conversely, during nighttime, the green roof increased roof temperatures vertically when the air temperature was lower, thus retaining more heat inside the building. In addition, higher moisture content was found to be beneficial in reducing the temperature of the growing media at the bottom layer and reducing vertical temperature differences. These results confirmed the benefits of green roofs in reducing building energy consumption in the study case climate. Yet, there is a need for more elaborate quantification of the thermal benefits of green roofs at finer spatial and temporal resolutions.
Coherent States in Gravitational Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Pedram, Pouria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the coherent states of the harmonic oscillator in the framework of the generalized (gravitational) uncertainty principle (GUP). This form of GUP is consistent with various theories of quantum gravity such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, and black-hole physics and implies a minimal measurable length. Using a recently proposed formally self-adjoint representation, we find the GUP-corrected Hamiltonian as a generator of the generalized Heisenberg algebra. Then following Klauder's approach, we construct exact coherent states and obtain the corresponding normalization coefficients, weight functions, and probability distributions. We find the entropy of the system and show that it decreases in the presence of the minimal length. These results could shed light on possible detectable Planck-scale effects within recent experimental tests.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Extending the validity range of quantum optical master equations
Creators: name: Stokes, Adam
name: Kurcz, Andreas
name: Spiller, Tim P.
name: Beige, Almut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper derives master equations for an atomic two-level system for a large set of unitarily equivalent Hamiltonians without employing the rotating wave and certain Markovian approximations. Each Hamiltonian refers to physically different components as representing the "atom" and as representing the "field" and hence results in a different master equation, when assuming a photon-absorbing environment. It is shown that the master equations associated with the minimal coupling and the multipolar Hamiltonians predict enormous stationary state narrowband photon emission rates, even in the absence of external driving, for current experiments with single quantum dots and colour centers in diamond. These seem to confirm that the rotating wave Hamiltonian identifies the components of the atom-field system most accurately.
description: substantially revised version, 15 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Turf Talk: Injury Rates, Mechanisms, and Prevention in Adolescent Field Hockey
Creators: name: Madrid, Alana
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: field hockey
subject: adolescent
subject: video-analysis
subject: injury
subject: neuromuscular training
subject: injury prevention
subject: Epidemiology

description: This MSc thesis contains three projects focused on Canadian adolescent field hockey players. Project A: Game Video Analysis Objective: To describe physical contact (PC) incidence rates (IR), PC types, PC intensity, and suspected injury (SI) IRs in female adolescent high school (HS) and club field hockey (FH). Methods: Video analysis of HS and club FH games. Results: The PC IRs for HS were similar to club (IRR=1.16; 95% CI:0.90-1.48). HS had a 3.1-fold higher SI IR than club (IRR=3.10, 95% CI:1.41-6.76). The leading SI mechanism was ball-to-player contact (HS 71.43%; club 61.54%) and most frequent SI location was the lower extremity (HS 37.74%; club 53.85%). Project B: Injury Epidemiology Objective: To describe IRs, types, locations, severity, and mechanisms and explore associations between potential risk factors and IRs in HS and female and male club FH. Methods: Prospective injury surveillance. Results: Overall injury IRs (/1000 player-hours) were 6.28 injuries (95% CI: 4.38-9.05) in female HS, 2.93 injuries (95% CI: 1.50-5.71) in female club, and 15.00 (95% CI: 7.15-31.46) in male club. The most common injury location and type was the lower extremity (58.54%) and contusions (41.46%). There was a significant association between sex, weight, height, BMI, and injury in exploratory univariable risk factor analyses. Project C: Pilot Neuromuscular Training Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, adherence, and pilot efficacy of a coach-delivered NMT warm-up program in female and male club FH. Methods: NMT coach workshop delivery and prospective injury surveillance. Results: Warm-up adherence was 66.67% in the female team and 44.44% in the male team. There was no significant difference in IRs (IRR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.13-2.91) between control teams and NMT intervention teams. Conclusion: These projects increase knowledge regarding the injury profile of Canadian adolescent FH players and may help inform future injury prevention strategies. Keywords: Field hockey, adolescent, video analysis, injury, neuromuscular training, injury prevention
Reconstructing locomotion in fossil rodents using semicircular canal morphology
Creators: name: Hou, Lily
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Paleoanthropology
subject: Inner ear
subject: Locomotion
subject: Geometric morphometrics
subject: Rodentia
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Paleontology
subject: Anatomy

description: Anatomical structures vary among mammals with different locomotor behaviours, including sensory structures such as the semicircular canals (SCCs) in the inner ear. Recent research suggests that SCC morphology correlates with different locomotor behaviours in various extant and extinct mammalian taxa, but there is a lack of research on rodents, the most speciose and diverse mammalian group. In this thesis, an extant sample of rodent SCCs from 98 individuals across seven different locomotor behaviours (arboreal, fossorial, gliding, ricochetal, semiaquatic, semifossorial, terrestrial) was used to understand the correlations between SCC morphology and locomotion. The extant dataset was then used to create a Canonical Variates Analysis Model to predict probable locomotor modes in fossil rodents with unknown locomotor behaviours. Fossil rodent material consists mostly of craniodental remains; hence reconstructing fossil locomotion has been challenging. The fossil sample contains 7 specimens from four different rodent species from Napak, Uganda (site age: 20 Ma). This thesis provides the first micro-computed tomography scans of the SCCs from Diamantomys luederitzi, Paranomalurus bishopi, Paraphiomys pigotti, and one unidentified small thryonomyoid. The extant model predicted that Diamantomys luederitzi was semifossorial, Paranomalurus bishopi was semiaquatic, Paraphiomys pigotti was terrestrial, and the small thryonomyoid was terrestrial. While the model performed well with predicting specialized locomotor behaviours, the model should be complemented with postcranial and skull morphology for generalist forms of locomotion as it is difficult to distinguish the morphology between generalist locomotor categories.
Social Work and Psychedelics: Practice and Perspectives in Canada: An Exploratory Multiple Case Study
Creators: name: Koenig, Lorena Letitia
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: psychedelic-assisted therapy
subject: Social Work

description: Psychedelics are compounds with exceptional properties. These substances have gained significant attention recently for their potential as therapeutic agents. There now exists a growing body of evidence demonstrating the safety of a variety of psychedelics as well as establishing their efficacy in short-and long-term therapeutic applications, including treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder, end-of-life psychological distress, tobacco addiction, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse disorders. As a result, the use of psychedelics is becoming a salient topic within the mental health field, where social workers may be positioned to provide psychedelic-assisted therapy or work with clients who are accessing psychedelics and require support. This poses unique challenges and opportunities for the profession and social workers. The role of social workers in the psychedelic field is not well understood. This multiple case study explores how Canadian social workers engage with therapeutic psychedelics in their professional practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two participants. Content and thematic analyses were used for a within and cross-case data analysis. The study indicated that social workers are using therapeutic psychedelics within the boundaries of existing regulations. They are taking diverse approaches, such as harm reduction and substance-specific interventions. Their motivations for using psychedelics include addressing limitations in standard trauma treatments and aligning with personal and professional values. Recommendations for promoting ethical practice suggest robust training programs, regular clinical supervision, and the importance of community building among practitioners. The results of this study highlight considerations for how psychedelic treatment methods can be integrated into the field of social work.
Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of solid polymer electrolyte materials
Creators: name: Michan, Alison Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Solid polymer electrolytes have the potential to improve manufacturability, performance, and safety characteristics of lithium-ion batteries by replacing conventional liquid electrolytes. Two different solid polymer electrolyte materials were characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques. The first material is a result of research efforts on single-ion conducting polymers. The material is intended to combine the high conductivity properties of ionic liquids with lithium cation single-ion conduction. The goal of the synthesis was to produce a polymerized ionic liquid, where crosslinking an anionic monomer (AMLi) with poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM) immobilizes the fluorinated anionic species. Pulsed-field gradient NMR diffusion measurements of the AMLi/PEGDM samples have demonstrated that both the lithium cations and fluorinated anions are mobile and contributing toward conductivity. Therefore, further work is required to successfully immobilize the fluorinated anion in a crosslinked network. The ⁷Li and ¹⁹F diffusion coefficients of the AMLi/PEGDM 40/60 sample were 3.4x10⁻⁸ cm²/s and 2.2x10⁻⁸ cm²/s at 100°C. The second material incorporates a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) conductive block and polyethylene (PE) reinforcement block. The PEO/PEO-b-PE/LiClO₄ samples were not intended to be single-ion conducting and materials synthesis aimed to maximize conductivity and mechanical properties. A ⁷Li diffusion coefficient of ~4x10⁻⁸ cm²/s at 60°C was observed. It is expected that the anion would also be mobile and therefore the polymer electrolyte would be a bi-ionic conductor. These samples demonstrated higher ⁷Li diffusion coefficients at a given temperature and superior mechanical properties for a flexible polymer electrolyte compared to the AMLi/PEGDM samples. Practically, the diffusion measurements of the solid polymer samples are extremely challenging, as the spin-spin (T₂) relaxation times are very short, necessitating the development of specialized pulsed-field gradient apparatus. These results provide valuable insight into the conduction mechanisms in these materials, and will drive further optimization of solid polymer electrolytes.
Relevance of Alternaria to asthma symptoms and exhaled NO among NYC children
Creators: name: Soffer, Nitzan
name: Green, Brett J.
name: Acosta, Luis M.
name: Divjan, Adnan
name: Sobek, Edward
name: Lemons, Angela R.
name: Rundle, Andrew G.
name: Jacobson, Judith S.
name: Goldstein, Inge
name: Miller, Rachel L.
name: Perzanowski, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Alternaria
City children
Environmental health
Asthma in children
Allergy in children
Epidemiology

description: The importance of domestic Alternaria exposure to allergic disease in urban communities is underrecognized relative to cockroach, dust mite, and mouse exposures. Concentrations of Alternaria are higher in outdoor than in indoor air; however, dampness, leaks, and resident behaviors can influence fungal penetrance and secondary growth indoors. Moreover, given the amount of time children spend indoors, domestic exposure may contribute more than outdoor exposure to asthma morbidity.

Byproducts from fossil fuel combustion are common in urban air and are the most well-established anthropogenic environmental adjuvants of allergic sensitization. Black carbon and elemental carbon (EC), indicators of combustion exposure, vary across cities such as New York (NYC) because of vehicle and residential heating sources. Among NYC children, we previously demonstrated an interaction between exposure to combustion byproducts and cockroach allergen on cockroach sensitization and an association between black carbon measured inside homes and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno), a marker of airway inflammation. Therefore, combustion byproducts might enhance the effect of fungal exposure on allergic disease outcomes among NYC children.

We hypothesized that, among NYC children, (1) sensitization to Alternaria alternata would be associated with increased asthma symptoms, (2) domestic exposure to A alternata would be associated with increased Feno, and (3) the association with Feno would be modified by neighborhood EC concentrations.
Prenatal cannabis exposure impacts on VTA dopamine neuron physiology and adolescent stress susceptibility
Creators: name: Peterson, Colleen Sara
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: cannabis
subject: prenatal cannabis exposure
subject: chronic stress
subject: adolescent stress
subject: cannabis tetrad
subject: risk-taking
subject: cocaine
subject: VTA
subject: reward
subject: maternal-fetal transfer
subject: oral cannabis
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology

description: Cannabis is the third most consumed drug in pregnancy, after alcohol and nicotine. As attitudes around cannabis have changed, overall use has increased, including among pregnant people. The psychoactive constituent of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is lipophilic and can cross the placenta to enter the fetal brain and interact with the endocannabinoid system to effect neurodevelopment. While studies have found that prenatal cannabis exposure increases opioid-seeking and alters the development of mesolimbic dopamine circuitry, its effects on other drugs and other behaviours controlled by the mesolimbic dopamine circuitry, are less understood. In chapter 2, we validate validated acute cannabis intoxication in C57Bl/6 mice with whole cannabis oil made for human consumption, using cannabis tetrad behaviours, and measuring the plasma, brain, and adipose levels of THC and its metabolites. We show that a 5 mg/kg THC dose from whole cannabis oil produces the relevant behaviours and plasma THC levels similar to human consumption of a single 15 mg dose. In chapter 3, we modeled prenatal and early postnatal cannabis exposure (PPCE) in mice, allowing dams access to 5 mg/kg THC from whole cannabis oil in peanut butter from GD1 – PD10, and measured changes in reward circuitry in the offspring. The mesolimbic dopamine circuit consists of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) which release dopamine into the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We found PPCE affected male offspring in particular: VTA dopamine neurons were disinhibited and had increased tonic firing. However, this did not produce alterations to cocaine-seeking behaviour in a conditioned place preference task. In chapter 4, we studied how PPCE affects susceptibility to chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMUS) in adolescence. Tests of anxiety-, anhedonia-, and depression-like, as well as risky behaviours, revealed that PPCE plus CMUS increased risk-taking behaviour in a wire beam bridge task, where fasted animals must cross an unstable bridge to receive food. This thesis provides data on oral exposure to whole cannabis oil, as opposed to pure THC extract, both acutely in adults, across pregnancy, and in offspring. These results broaden our understanding of the effects of PPCE on VTA dopamine neurons, stress, and their associated behaviours.
Iterative Open Area Detection in Feature Spaces Using World Constraints
Creators: name: Douglas, Nathan Josiah
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: Improving data quality is a very valuable step of any data-driven process. One method of evaluating data quality that is understudied is the detection of Open Areas. An Open Area indicates a discrepancy between what information exists in a dataset, and what information should exist in that dataset as determined by world constraints (i.e. constraints informed by the dataset’s domain). We propose the Iterative Open Area Detection (IOAD) approach as a method to detect these problematic areas. IOAD is an iterative process which successively finds Open Areas in a worst-first fashion. Each iterative step first searches the feature space for the least represented point, and then finds the largest surrounding area such that the entire sphere does not meet some criteria for reasonable representation. We evaluate this approach on a variation of an existing dataset which we extend to ensure compatibility with the relevant world constraints, and also on a series of synthetic datasets of varying dimensionality. First, we show that the areas we find are both interesting and appropriate by analyzing both the candidate points and the surrounding areas in the context of the world constraints. Then, to further validate the areas reported by IOAD we artificially introduce Open Areas by removing some cluster of points, and then measure the number of iterations needed to detect the removed area. Our results show that our approach is always successful, but the efficiency may be bound by the Curse of Dimensionality.
The evolution of a pattern language of feedback in medical education
Creators: name: Patocka, Catherine
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: pattern
subject: realist inquiry
subject: feedback
subject: Education
subject: Medicine and Surgery

description: Feedback is embedded within the fabric of medical education. Although the literature refers to feedback as if it were well-defined, in practice what feedback means can vary greatly. Consequently, it remains a source of consternation for learners and teachers as a process fraught with paradoxes. When done well, feedback can improve performance, however it can also have highly variable outcomes. Through an in-depth examination of feedback, my research has acknowledged the challenges presented by it and other equally polysemic concepts. My research has considered the philosophical, theoretical, and methodological assumptions underpinning our existing approaches to feedback and in response I present a path to a more inclusive approach through the application of pattern theory. To approach the task of applying pattern theory, I adapted scoping review methodology to develop a pattern system of feedback in medical education which includes 36 pattern representations. Through a comparative case study, I applied the pattern system to models of feedback, and I provided validity evidence for the pattern system. By outlining the connections between pattern representations within it, I also began to elaborate the pattern system into a pattern language. Finally, I used a case study research methodology to develop a thick description of the challenges of bringing this novel theory-informed conceptual framing of feedback into a more practical space. In all this work, I have advocated for generative (rather than successionist) models of explanations of feedback and lay the foundations for exploring the intersection of realist inquiry and pattern epistemology. Feedback is used as an illustrative case throughout this thesis. The pattern system of feedback I developed, my documentation of the disjointed discourses of feedback in medical education, and my description of this evolving pattern language of feedback can all serve to advance thinking and theory building in this conceptual space. Furthermore, my use of various methodologies to tackle this polysemic concept is, I will argue, a viable approach for studying other fuzzy concepts in our field. As such, not only can my work provide insights into feedback, but it also provides opportunities to explore other equally vexing problems.
Clearing the Path: Withdrawal of Consent and Termination as Next Steps for Reforming International Investment Law
Creators: name: Johnson, Lise
name: Sachs, Lisa E.
name: Guven, Brooke S.
name: Coleman, Jesse
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Investments, Foreign (International law)
subject: Sustainable development
subject: Consent (Law)
subject: Investments--Government policy
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This policy paper explores two near-term options that governments engaged in reform discussions can pursue, alongside longer-term work on substantive and procedural reform. These options are: (1) a joint instrument on withdrawal of consent to arbitrate; and/or (2) a joint instrument on termination. The paper examines how both options could be implemented, and makes the case for putting a pause on ISDS to ensure that investment treaties and their dispute settlement mechanisms achieve their desired ends, produce legitimate decisions, and do not undermine international economic cooperation and sustainable development more broadly.
Eupsenella flavifemorata Terayama 2004
Creators: name: Ramos, Magno S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Eupsenella
Eupsenella flavifemorata

description: Eupsenella flavifemorata Terayama, 2004 (Figs 5, 50, 95) Eupsenella flavifemorata Terayama 2004: 40–41, Figs 6, 9, 12, 18, 22, 23. Material examined. Holotype ♀. AUSTRALIA, S[outh] A[ustralia], under Mallee bark, 2 mi NW Wood’s Well, Coorang Nat [ural] P[ar]k, 11 Jan [unary] 1971, J. A. Herridge and G. F. & M. Gross, SAMA Database, n 32–032364, SAMA. AUSTRALIA, W[estern] A[ustralia], 1 ♀, 22 Aug [ust], Narrogin, Dry Sclero. Baits on Eucalyptus B. B. lowery coll[ector], ANIC; 1 ♀, Crowea S [ta]t[e] For [est] n[ea]r Pemberton, 29 Oct [ober]–20 Broken Hill, 3–13 Oct [ober] 1988, E. D. Edwards, Malaise /ethanol, ANIC; S[outh] A[ustralia], 1 ♀, 33.40S 134.54E, 1 Km SbyE Elliston, 30 Nov[ember] 1992, I.Naumann, J.Cardale, ANIC; 1 ♀, 34.21S 139.29E, Brookfield Con [servation] P[ar]k, 3–12 Sept [ember] 1991, Campsite, J. Lawrence, T. Weir, W. Dressler, under Mallee bark, ANIC. MALE. Unknown. Distribution. Australia (South Australia, Western Australia). Variation. Body length 3.80–7.91 mm; LFW 4.28–4.76 mm; median clypeal lobe subangulate and with slightly concave medially; parapsidal furrow conspicuous throughout mesoscutum; notauli completely parallel to each other; legs more yellowish than holotype. Remarks. This species was known from two specimens of type series, here we got seven specimens.
description: Published as part of Ramos, Magno S. & Azevedo, Celso O., 2012, Revision of Eupsenella Westwood, 1874 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 3539 (1) on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3539.1.1
description: {"references": ["Terayama, M. (2004) Descriptions of new taxa and distribution records of the family Bethylidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) II. Subfamily Bethylinae and fossil Taxa. Academic reports, Faculty Engineering. Tokyo Polytechnic University, 27, 39 - 41."]}
Evaluating Innovative Electrochemical Systems in the Energy Sector with Life Cycle Assessment
Creators: name: Nishikawa, Emily
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: life cycle assessment
subject: energy sector
subject: emerging technologies
subject: Engineering--Environmental
subject: Energy

description: Innovative technologies such as carbon conversion technologies, drop-in fuel production, and automotive batteries are being developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, assessing the potential emissions of these emerging technologies presents significant challenges. This thesis explores how assessment frameworks can be adapted to effectively evaluate these new solutions by expanding boundaries, functional units, feedstocks, and metrics to support more informed decision-making. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies typically evaluate systems with defined products, which may not apply to emerging technologies. These studies often limit assessments to known components, such as intermediate products in cradle-to-gate studies. The first part of the thesis expands the boundary to cradle-to-grave by proposing potential markets or uses for the intermediate products. Additional insights are provided, facilitating and encouraging technology developers to apply LCA even at early development stages. In other cases, emerging technologies and novel resources nearing deployment, such as lithium production and refining in North America, have been scarcely studied for their potential environmental impacts. Alternative battery technologies such as sodium-ion batteries are also being explored, which is assessed in the context of competition with lithium-ion batteries. A hybrid functional unit that includes considerations of the use phase of both lithium and sodium batteries is employed to avoid completely excluding the use phase as commonly seem in comparative assessments. The second part of the thesis demonstrates that including design parameters for battery use offers a broader context for evaluating competition among different battery technologies. The final part of this thesis focuses on deployment decisions, using aviation fuel production as a case study. This area presents numerous feedstock and technological pathway options. The scope is expanded to consider both types of feedstocks typically studied separately (biomass and CO2) and adapts an iterative framework to include complementary metrics (production cost and supply risks), leading to a more comprehensive assessment and more effective decision-making. This thesis addresses the challenges of assessing emerging technologies. The findings emphasize that LCA modeling choices strongly influence conclusions. Expanding boundaries, considering alternative pathways, and incorporating related key metrics offer additional insights for comprehensive assessments and informed decisions regarding emerging technologies.
Optimization problems for curved mechanical structures
Creators: name: Arnautu, Viorel
name: Sprekels, Jürgen
name: Tiba, Dan
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Shells and curved rods
subject: minimal regularity
subject: optimal design
subject: 49Q10
subject: 74P10
subject: 49Q12

description: We study the optimization of three dimensional curved rods and of shells under minimal regularity assumptions for the geometry. The results that we establish concern the existence of optimal shapes and the sensitivity analysis. We also compute several numerical examples for the curved rods. The models that we use have been investigated in our previous work [11], [16] and a complete study of the Kirchhoff-Love arches and their optimization has been performed in [10].
On stably free modules over affine algebras
Creators: name: Fasel, Jean
name: Swan, Richard G.
name: Rao, Ravi A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C10 (Primary) 19G12, 19G38 (Secondary)

description: We prove that stably free modules of rank d-1 over a smooth affine algebra of dimension d over an algebraically closed field k are free, provided (d-1)! is nonzero in k.
description: Final version. To appear in Publ. Math. IHES
Exposure to NO2, CO, and PM2.5 is linked to regional DNA methylation differences in asthma
Creators: name: Prunicki, Mary
name: Stell, Laurel
name: Dinakarpandian, Deendayal
name: De Planell Saguer, Mariangels
name: Lucas, Richard W.
name: Hammond, S. Katharine
name: Balmes, John R.
name: Zhou, Xiaoying
name: Paglino, Tara
name: Sabatti, Chiara
name: Miller, Rachel L.
name: Nadeau, Kari C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Epigenetics
DNA--Methylation
Asthma
Air--Pollution--Health aspects
Immune system

description: Background: DNA methylation of CpG sites on genetic loci has been linked to increased risk of asthma in children exposed to elevated ambient air pollutants (AAPs). Further identification of specific CpG sites and the pollutants that are associated with methylation of these CpG sites in immune cells could impact our understanding of asthma pathophysiology. In this study, we sought to identify some CpG sites in specific genes that could be associated with asthma regulation (Foxp3 and IL10) and to identify the different AAPs for which exposure prior to the blood draw is linked to methylation levels at these sites. We recruited subjects from Fresno, California, an area known for high levels of AAPs. Blood samples and responses to questionnaires were obtained (n = 188), and in a subset of subjects (n = 33), repeat samples were collected 2 years later. Average measures of AAPs were obtained for 1, 15, 30, 90, 180, and 365 days prior to each blood draw to estimate the short-term vs. long-term effects of the AAP exposures.
Results: Asthma was significantly associated with higher differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the Foxp3 promoter region (p = 0.030) and the IL10 intronic region (p = 0.026). Additionally, at the 90-day time period (90 days prior to the blood draw), Foxp3 methylation was positively associated with NO2, CO, and PM2.5 exposures (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.012, respectively). In the subset of subjects retested 2 years later (n = 33), a positive association between AAP exposure and methylation was sustained. There was also a negative correlation between the average Foxp3 methylation of the promoter region and activated Treg levels (p = 0.039) and a positive correlation between the average IL10 methylation of region 3 of intron 4 and IL10 cytokine expression (p = 0.030). Conclusions: Short-term and long-term exposures to high levels of CO, NO2, and PM2.5 were associated with alterations in differentially methylated regions of Foxp3. IL10 methylation showed a similar trend. For any given individual, these changes tend to be sustained over time. In addition, asthma was associated with higher differentially methylated regions of Foxp3 and IL10.
Cardiovascular diseases and marine oils: A focus on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and polar lipids
Creators: name: Caffrey, Cliodhna
name: Leamy, Anna
name: O’Sullivan, Ellen
name: ZABETAKIS, IOANNIS
name: Lordan, Ronan
name: Nasopoulou, Constantina
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death across the globe, hence, establishing strategies to counteract CVD are imperative to reduce mortality and the burden on health systems. Dietary modification is an effective primary prevention strategy against CVD. Research regarding dietary supplementation has become increasingly popular. This review focuses on the current in vivo, in vitro, and epidemiological studies associated with that of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and polar lipids (PLs) and how they play a role against CVD. Furthermore, this review focuses on the results of several major clinical trials examining n-3 PUFAs regarding both primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Notably, we place a lens on the REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH trials. Finally, supplementation of PLs has recently been suggested as a potential alternative avenue for the reduction of CVD incidence versus neutral forms of n-3 PUFAs. However, the clinical evidence for this argument is currently rather limited. Therefore, we draw on the current literature to suggest future clinical trials for PL supplementation. We conclude that despite conflicting evidence, future human trials must be completed to confirm whether PL supplementation may be more effective than n-3 PUFA supplementation to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Diagnostics, Prognostics and Control of Low-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells
Creators: name: Zenith, Federico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: µCHP
hydrogen bus
degradation
rejuvenation
control
diagnostics
prognostics

description: Overview of the results achieved in the Sapphire and Giantleap projects pertaining degradation, diagnostics, prognostics and control of low-temperature PEM fuel cells.
Investigating the Unique Immunological and Virological Characteristics of Hepatitis B in Special Populations
Creators: name: Patel, Nishi Harishkumar
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Hepatitis B virus
subject: Occult hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection
subject: Chronic hepatitis B
subject: Metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease
subject: Acute hepatitis B
subject: Acute liver failure
subject: Virology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biology--Molecular

description: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Most immunocompetent adults develop self-limiting acute hepatitis B and serum HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance due to robust innate and adaptive anti-viral immune responses. If acute hepatitis B does not resolve within six months, with persistence of HBsAg in serum, it is diagnosed as CHB infection. In both acute and CHB, HBV covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA and integrated viral genome in host chromosomes persist within the hepatocyte and increase the risk of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). Rarely, an exacerbated host anti-viral immune response and a cytokine storm can lead to acute liver failure (ALF). CHB is associated with high levels of subviral particles (i.e., HBsAg), suppression of innate immunity, and peripheral tolerance marked by T cell exhaustion. A cure for CHB will reduce the liver disease burden and need for lifelong anti-viral therapy. A complete (sterilizing) cure requires eradication of the HBV cccDNA reservoir and integrated viral genomes but is difficult to achieve. Thus, a functional cure that enhances host anti-viral immune response and clearance of HBsAg is the goal of new therapeutic approaches. We prospectively recruited three unique patient populations to investigate viral and/or immune factors associated with varying immune control of HBV infection: (i.e., OBI and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection, CHB and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, and HBV induced ALF).We assessed standard and novel viral biomarkers, viral variants by Sanger and deep sequencing, serum cytokines and/or peripheral HBV specific T cell response by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot). Complementary studies were performed in a transgenic mouse model of HBV. We found unique HBV variants associated with host immune escape, risk of reactivation, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development, which varied between patient cohorts. Patients with greater hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome displayed heightened pro-inflammatory cytokines, HBV-specific T cell responses, and suppression of HBV replication. Increased serum angiogenic factors were associated with improved prognosis (i.e., reduced need for liver transplant) in individuals with ALF. In conclusion, unique HBV variants and dynamic host anti-viral immune response are associated with reduced viremia and positive clinical outcomes in individuals with hepatitis B infection.
The Influence of English on a Tribal Alphabet Or the Phoneme Or the Allophone?
Creators: name: Phillips, Donald (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1973

description: THE INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH ON A TRIBAL ALPHABET or THE PHONEME OR THE ALLOPHONE? 29 0. INTRODUCTION 30 1. LOW FUNCTION CONTRASTS 34 2. DIVERSE SYMBOLIZATION OF ONE PHONEME 40 3. DIGRAPHICAL SYMBOLIZATION 48 4. SOME CONCLUSIONS 52 5. THE TESTS 54 6. MATERIALS USED IN THE TESTS 58 7. RESULTS OF TESTS 65 8. NOTES 74 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 75 10. REFERENCES 78
ระบบสั่งจองอาหารล่วงหน้าเพื่อลดการสัมผัส กรณีศึกษา ร้านอาหารชิบูย่า บริเวณหน้ามหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ วิทยาเขตกำแพงแส
Creators: name: ภัคพล รุ่มนุ่ม
Publisher: name: สถาบันวิจัยและพัฒนา มหาวิทยาลัยกาฬสินธุ์
Year: 2023
Subjects: เว็บแอปพลิเคชัน
ร้านอาหารขนาดเล็ก
วิกฤติไวรัสโควิด-19
การสั่งอาหารออนไลน์

description: วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยี และนวัตกรรม มหาวิทยาลัยกาฬสินธุ์, 2, 1, 37-57