Batomys uragon
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Batomys
Batomys uragon
Carpomys
Carpomys melanurus

description: 175. Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rat <i>Batomys uragon</i> <b>French:</b> Batomys de |'lsarog / <b>German:</b> Mount-Isarog-Haarschwanzratte / <b>Spanish:</b> Rata de cola peluda de |sarog <b>Taxonomy.</b> Batomys uragon Balete et al., 2015, Mt. Isarog, Camarines Sur Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Original specimens thought to belong to B. grantui. Separated on the basis of morpho-metric and molecular analyses, which indicate, nevertheless, that the two are indeed closely related. The cytochrome-b tree is relatively poorly supported and further analyses are needed to improve understanding of the evolution of the genus. The karyotype was established by E. A. Rickart and G. G. Musser in 1993,for specimens from Mount Isarog (under the name B. grantii) and were found to be similar to those of B. salomonseni. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from Mt Isarog, Luzon I, Philippines. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 177-206 mm, tail 128-171 mm, ear 20-22 mm, hindfoot 36-40 mm; weight 135-200 g. The Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rat is a medium-sized rat most similar to the Luzon Cordillera Hairy-tailed Rat (B. grantii), but with a noticeably shorter tail. Dorsal pelage is medium to pale golden brown and relatively long. Ventral pelage is grayish buff with patches of unpigmented fur on the chin, pectoral, and inguinal regions and is not sharply demarcated from dorsal pelage. A single male specimen had a small pale brown patch on the left side of the lower abdomen. Ears are relatively short compared to those of the Luzon Cordillera Hairy-tailed Rat, and are pale brown with short grayish brown hairs. There is a pale ring of skin surrounding the eyes that is covered with very short grayish brown and unpigmented hairs. Vibrissae are long. Feet have a dark brown mid-dorsalstripe, which is bordered by short, pale golden brown fur on each side. Claws are opaque with ungual tufts of unpigmented hairs. Palmar surface of both foreand hind feet are unpigmented. Hindfeet are broad and long while forefeet are broad; hindfeet have six large fleshy plantar pads. Tail is shorter (68-73%) than head-body length and is hairy and a dark brownish color. Compared to the Luzon Cordillera Hairy-tailed Rat, the Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rat has a smaller tail and ears, shorter nasals and incisive foramina, a narrower interorbital constriction, and broader incisors. Females bear two pairs of mammae, both inguinal. Karyotype is 2n = 52, FN =the Luzon Cordillera Hairy-tailed Rat52. <b>Habitat.</b> Primary montane and mossy forest at elevations of 1350-1800 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rats are herbivorous, probably being granivorousfrugivorous. Their diet includes almost exclusively seeds and perhaps leaves and fruit. Stomach content of some individuals included masticated plant matter and a captive individual accepted seeds and sprouting dicots (eating only the seed while discarding the sprout), but rejected earthworms, insects, and many other plant materials including various small fruits, orchid bulbs, dried beans, and several types of leaves among others. Anothercaptive animals accepted small fruit and fried coconut covered in peanut butter. <b>Breeding.</b> Two adult females with perforated vaginas, old placental scars, and enlarged mammae with 3—4 scars were captured in April, although the number oflitters this represents is unknown. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rat is nocturnal. It forages on the ground on well defined runways and among root tangles, butis also a good climber. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> A female had a home range of at least 0-1 ha; a densityof about 3 ind/ha was recorded at Mount Isarog, at 1700 m. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Mount Isarog Hairytailed Rat has a very limited distribution and further research is needed to determine the full distributional limits of this species as well as its potential conservation threats. <b>Bibliography.</b> Balete et al. (2015), Heaney, Balete &amp; Rickart (2016), Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Utzurrum &amp; Gonzales (1999), Musser, Heaney &amp; Tabaranza (1998), Rickart &amp; Musser (1993), Rickart et al. (1991). 176. Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat <i>Carpomys melanurus</i> <b>French:</b> Carpomys a queue noire / <b>German:</b> Schwarzschwanz-Zwergborkenratte / <b>Spanish:</b> Rata enana de cola negra <b>Other common names:</b> Large Luzon Carpomys, Short-footed Luzon Tree Rat <b>Taxonomy.</b> Carpomys melanurus Thomas, 1895, Mt. Data, [Luzon Island, Philippines. Not included in any recent taxonomic studies. It is suggested to be close to Musseromys and its relatives. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> N Luzon I (Mt Data and Mt Pulag), Philippines. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 180-184 mm, tail 180-183 mm, ear 20 mm, hindfoot 32-34 mm; weight 165 g. The Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat is a small rat with a broad, blunt head and soft, fluffy, and thick fur and being larger than the Browntailed Dwarf Cloud Rat (C. phaeurus). Dorsal pelage is dark brown with coarse black lining throughout and is well demarcated from ventral pelage with some shading between them. Head is a lighter brown. Ventral pelage is nearly white, being slightly yellowish with a slate gray base to the hairs. There is a dark ring of fur surrounding the eye that gives a masked appearance. Feet are broad with white digits and a silvery brown stripe down the dorsal surface of the hindfeet. Ears are relatively short, rounded, and a lighter brown. Tail is long (c.100% of head-body length), hairy, and a dark brownishblack coloration, being more hairy than the Brown-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat and having the dorsal pelage extend over the base ofthe tail. Skull is robust with a rounded braincase and flat face, being larger with larger molars and incisors when compared to the Brown-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat. Females have two pairs of mammae, both of which are inguinal, and an elongated urinary papilla that looks similar to a penis sheath. <b>Habitat.</b> Mossy forest around elevations of 2200-2300 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> The Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat probably feeds on seeds. <b>Breeding.</b> No information. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rats are probably nocturnal and arboreal. Mount Pulag specimens were captured in traps on top of moss-covered branches c.4 m above the ground with well worn trails. This indicates that they repetitively use trails to move through trees. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> No information. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Until recently, the Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat was known from only two specimens from Mount Data (the type series), but a new specimen was collected from Mount Pulag in 2008. The species was not recorded in recent surveys on Mount Data, which may indicate thatit has become locally extinct in that region. <b>Bibliography.</b> Heaney, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete &amp; Rickart (2016), Kennerley (2016j), Largen (1985), Rickart et al. (2016), Thomas (1898b). 175. Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rat <i>Batomys uragon</i> <b>French:</b> Batomys de |'lsarog / <b>German:</b> Mount-Isarog-Haarschwanzratte / <b>Spanish:</b> Rata de cola peluda de |sarog <b>Taxonomy.</b> Batomys uragon Balete et al., 2015, Mt. Isarog, Camarines Sur Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Original specimens thought to belong to B. grantui. Separated on the basis of morpho-metric and molecular analyses, which indicate, nevertheless, that the two are indeed closely related. The cytochrome-b tree is relatively poorly supported and further analyses are needed to improve understanding of the evolution of the genus. The karyotype was established by E. A. Rickart and G. G. Musser in 1993,for specimens from Mount Isarog (under the name B. grantii) and were found to be similar to those of B. salomonseni. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from Mt Isarog, Luzon I, Philippines. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 177-206 mm, tail 128-171 mm, ear 20-22 mm, hindfoot 36-40 mm; weight 135-200 g. The Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rat is a medium-sized rat most similar to the Luzon Cordillera Hairy-tailed Rat (B. grantii), but with a noticeably shorter tail. Dorsal pelage is medium to pale golden brown and relatively long. Ventral pelage is grayish buff with patches of unpigmented fur on the chin, pectoral, and inguinal regions and is not sharply demarcated from dorsal pelage. A single male specimen had a small pale brown patch on the left side of the lower abdomen. Ears are relatively short compared to those of the Luzon Cordillera Hairy-tailed Rat, and are pale brown with short grayish brown hairs. There is a pale ring of skin surrounding the eyes that is covered with very short grayish brown and unpigmented hairs. Vibrissae are long. Feet have a dark brown mid-dorsalstripe, which is bordered by short, pale golden brown fur on each side. Claws are opaque with ungual tufts of unpigmented hairs. Palmar surface of both foreand hind feet are unpigmented. Hindfeet are broad and long while forefeet are broad; hindfeet have six large fleshy plantar pads. Tail is shorter (68-73%) than head-body length and is hairy and a dark brownish color. Compared to the Luzon Cordillera Hairy-tailed Rat, the Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rat has a smaller tail and ears, shorter nasals and incisive foramina, a narrower interorbital constriction, and broader incisors. Females bear two pairs of mammae, both inguinal. Karyotype is 2n = 52, FN =the Luzon Cordillera Hairy-tailed Rat52. <b>Habitat.</b> Primary montane and mossy forest at elevations of 1350-1800 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rats are herbivorous, probably being granivorousfrugivorous. Their diet includes almost exclusively seeds and perhaps leaves and fruit. Stomach content of some individuals included masticated plant matter and a captive individual accepted seeds and sprouting dicots (eating only the seed while discarding the sprout), but rejected earthworms, insects, and many other plant materials including various small fruits, orchid bulbs, dried beans, and several types of leaves among others. Anothercaptive animals accepted small fruit and fried coconut covered in peanut butter. <b>Breeding.</b> Two adult females with perforated vaginas, old placental scars, and enlarged mammae with 3—4 scars were captured in April, although the number oflitters this represents is unknown. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Mount Isarog Hairy-tailed Rat is nocturnal. It forages on the ground on well defined runways and among root tangles, butis also a good climber. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> A female had a home range of at least 0-1 ha; a densityof about 3 ind/ha was recorded at Mount Isarog, at 1700 m. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Mount Isarog Hairytailed Rat has a very limited distribution and further research is needed to determine the full distributional limits of this species as well as its potential conservation threats. <b>Bibliography.</b> Balete et al. (2015), Heaney, Balete &amp; Rickart (2016), Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Utzurrum &amp; Gonzales (1999), Musser, Heaney &amp; Tabaranza (1998), Rickart &amp; Musser (1993), Rickart et al. (1991). 176. Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat <i>Carpomys melanurus</i> <b>French:</b> Carpomys a queue noire / <b>German:</b> Schwarzschwanz-Zwergborkenratte / <b>Spanish:</b> Rata enana de cola negra <b>Other common names:</b> Large Luzon Carpomys, Short-footed Luzon Tree Rat <b>Taxonomy.</b> Carpomys melanurus Thomas, 1895, Mt. Data, [Luzon Island, Philippines. Not included in any recent taxonomic studies. It is suggested to be close to Musseromys and its relatives. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> N Luzon I (Mt Data and Mt Pulag), Philippines. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 180-184 mm, tail 180-183 mm, ear 20 mm, hindfoot 32-34 mm; weight 165 g. The Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat is a small rat with a broad, blunt head and soft, fluffy, and thick fur and being larger than the Browntailed Dwarf Cloud Rat (C. phaeurus). Dorsal pelage is dark brown with coarse black lining throughout and is well demarcated from ventral pelage with some shading between them. Head is a lighter brown. Ventral pelage is nearly white, being slightly yellowish with a slate gray base to the hairs. There is a dark ring of fur surrounding the eye that gives a masked appearance. Feet are broad with white digits and a silvery brown stripe down the dorsal surface of the hindfeet. Ears are relatively short, rounded, and a lighter brown. Tail is long (c.100% of head-body length), hairy, and a dark brownishblack coloration, being more hairy than the Brown-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat and having the dorsal pelage extend over the base ofthe tail. Skull is robust with a rounded braincase and flat face, being larger with larger molars and incisors when compared to the Brown-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat. Females have two pairs of mammae, both of which are inguinal, and an elongated urinary papilla that looks similar to a penis sheath. <b>Habitat.</b> Mossy forest around elevations of 2200-2300 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> The Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat probably feeds on seeds. <b>Breeding.</b> No information. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rats are probably nocturnal and arboreal. Mount Pulag specimens were captured in traps on top of moss-covered branches c.4 m above the ground with well worn trails. This indicates that they repetitively use trails to move through trees. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> No information. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Until recently, the Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat was known from only two specimens from Mount Data (the type series), but a new specimen was collected from Mount Pulag in 2008. The species was not recorded in recent surveys on Mount Data, which may indicate thatit has become locally extinct in that region. <b>Bibliography.</b> Heaney, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete &amp; Rickart (2016), Kennerley (2016j), Largen (1985), Rickart et al. (2016), Thomas (1898b). 176. Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat <i>Carpomys melanurus</i> <b>French:</b> Carpomys a queue noire / <b>German:</b> Schwarzschwanz-Zwergborkenratte / <b>Spanish:</b> Rata enana de cola negra <b>Other common names:</b> Large Luzon Carpomys, Short-footed Luzon Tree Rat <b>Taxonomy.</b> Carpomys melanurus Thomas, 1895, Mt. Data, [Luzon Island, Philippines. Not included in any recent taxonomic studies. It is suggested to be close to Musseromys and its relatives. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> N Luzon I (Mt Data and Mt Pulag), Philippines. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 180-184 mm, tail 180-183 mm, ear 20 mm, hindfoot 32-34 mm; weight 165 g. The Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat is a small rat with a broad, blunt head and soft, fluffy, and thick fur and being larger than the Browntailed Dwarf Cloud Rat (C. phaeurus). Dorsal pelage is dark brown with coarse black lining throughout and is well demarcated from ventral pelage with some shading between them. Head is a lighter brown. Ventral pelage is nearly white, being slightly yellowish with a slate gray base to the hairs. There is a dark ring of fur surrounding the eye that gives a masked appearance. Feet are broad with white digits and a silvery brown stripe down the dorsal surface of the hindfeet. Ears are relatively short, rounded, and a lighter brown. Tail is long (c.100% of head-body length), hairy, and a dark brownishblack coloration, being more hairy than the Brown-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat and having the dorsal pelage extend over the base ofthe tail. Skull is robust with a rounded braincase and flat face, being larger with larger molars and incisors when compared to the Brown-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat. Females have two pairs of mammae, both of which are inguinal, and an elongated urinary papilla that looks similar to a penis sheath. <b>Habitat.</b> Mossy forest around elevations of 2200-2300 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> The Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat probably feeds on seeds. <b>Breeding.</b> No information. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rats are probably nocturnal and arboreal. Mount Pulag specimens were captured in traps on top of moss-covered branches c.4 m above the ground with well worn trails. This indicates that they repetitively use trails to move through trees. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> No information. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Until recently, the Black-tailed Dwarf Cloud Rat was known from only two specimens from Mount Data (the type series), but a new specimen was collected from Mount Pulag in 2008. The species was not recorded in recent surveys on Mount Data, which may indicate thatit has become locally extinct in that region. <b>Bibliography.</b> Heaney, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete &amp; Rickart (2016), Kennerley (2016j), Largen (1985), Rickart et al. (2016), Thomas (1898b).
description: Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 657-658