cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exploring heterogeneity among Swiss households and modeling their mobility demand with the Agent-based computational economics (ACE) approach
Creators: name: (:null)
Publisher: name: (:null)
Year: 2022
Subjects: HB Economic Theory

description: The thesis follows a research narrative that is constructed through chapters and their connections. The thesis first examines the heterogeneity among Swiss households regarding their mobility behavior and characteristics. It first analyzes the characteristics of habit-driven and cost-sensitive mobility users and scrutinizes the variables that increase or decrease the likelihood of being habit-driven or cost-sensitive. Then, it conducts a user segmentation study. It segments Swiss households based on their mobility behavior and characteristics. It presents the Swiss mobility segments, which are used later for economic modeling and policy recommendation, After that, the thesis builds and validates an agent-based computational economics model that incorporates the observed heterogeneity. The agents in the model can be heterogeneous regarding their socio-economic characteristics, as well as mobility behavior and preferences e.g., agents belonging to the same segment have the same utility function. Finally, the thesis uses the built model for a socio-economic study, in which the goal is to define scenarios for the Swiss mobility system and analyze each scenario with the built model. The scenarios are analyzed at the macro-level; total mobility demand and CO2 emissions per scenario have been calculated. Besides, agents’ reactions to the specific scenarios have been analyzed at the micro-level, since the model has the capability of simulating the micro-behavior of each agent separately. Overall, the thesis provides readers with empirical insights and methodological novelties that potentially improve the existing knowledge and practices in the literature.
Local Simulations of Instabilities Driven by Composition Gradients in the ICM
Creators: name: Berlok, Thomas
name: Pessah, Martin E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of Helium in the intracluster medium (ICM) permeating galaxy clusters is not well constrained due to the very high plasma temperature. Therefore, the plasma is often assumed to be homogeneous. A non-uniform Helium distribution can however lead to biases when measuring key cluster parameters. This has motivated one-dimensional models that evolve the ICM composition assuming that the effects of magnetic fields can be parameterized or ignored. Such models for non-isothermal clusters show that Helium can sediment in the cluster core leading to a peak in concentration offset from the cluster center. The resulting profiles have recently been shown to be linearly unstable when the weakly-collisional character of the magnetized plasma is considered. In this paper, we present a modified version of the MHD code Athena, which makes it possible to evolve a weakly-collisional plasma subject to a gravitational field and stratified in both temperature and composition. We thoroughly test our implementation and confirm excellent agreement against several analytical results. In order to isolate the effects of composition, in this initial study we focus our attention on isothermal plasmas. We show that plasma instabilities, feeding off gradients in composition, can induce turbulent mixing and saturate by re-arranging magnetic field lines and alleviating the composition gradient. Composition profiles that increase with radius lead to instabilities that saturate by driving the average magnetic field inclination to roughly $45^{\circ}$. We speculate that this effect may alleviate the core insulation observed in homogeneous settings, with potential consequences for the associated cooling flow problem.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, published in ApJ, animation of Figure 7 at http://tberlok.dk/movies/icm_local.html
Visual Vertigo, Phantasmagoric Physiognomies: Joseph Roth and Walter Benjamin on the Visual Experience of Architecture
Creators: name: Koller, Stefan
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2016

description: This paper scrutinises Benjamin’s interest in the urban fabric of nineteenth century Paris, and compares it to contemporary writings on Paris and on (more generally) new forms of urbanism in the journalistic work of Joseph Roth. It argues that both authors come to terms with the modern city through a shared set of observations and concepts, particularly the concepts of ‘expressionism’, ‘physiognomy’, and ‘phantasmagoria’. The paper clarifies how Roth and other writers in (or immediately before) the 1920s developed such concepts, and how Benjamin’s The Arcades Project builds on these writers. It shows that Benjamin’s specific contribution to this body of literature is the invention of a secular mythology, with a clear application to architecture in Benjamin’s focus on the ‘boundless interiorisation’ of glass and iron construction. The paper concludes that Benjamin’s contribution to architecture is considerable when compared to the materialist orientation of his main sources in The Arcades Project (especially Boetticher and Giedion), but that the purported improvements on Benjamin’s distinguished predecessors of architectural non-materialism are by comparison less impressive.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 18 | Spring / Summer 2016 | Constellation of Awakening: Benjamin and Architecture
Fun and Games: The Suppression of Architectural Authoriality and the Rise of the Reader
Creators: name: Keslacy, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: Between the Roarkian caricature of the heroic modernist and the spectre of the contemporary starchitect, there was a period of resistance in which architectural authoriality came under fire. One of the most explicit challenges was issued through the use of gaming and simulation in both architectural education and practice in the 1960s and the 1970s, particularly in the work of Juan Pablo Bonta and Henry Sanoff - both of them architectural scholars, educators, and game enthusiasts. By tracing the importation of gaming and simulation techniques into architecture, this paper will show how architectural games sought to refigure the architect as a collaborative figure embedded in a network of experts, participants and constituents, and to modulate the architect’s design authority by foregrounding the contributions of viewer-interpreters to the creation of meaning. Situating their work within gaming precedents, from war and business games to urban planning gaming-simulations, I show how architecture games - particularly design games - worked to develop the architectural reader as a creative force, in some quarters going so far as to posit interpretation as the basis of design.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 17 | Autumn / Winter 2015 | The ‘Bread & Butter’ of Architecture
Spatial distribution and disease ecology of gastric cancer in western Honduras
Creators: name: Furgurson, Jill M.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Gastric cancer, etiologically linked to infection with Helicobacter pylori, is the leading infectious-related cancer and the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Previous research has shown that gastric cancer rates are higher at high altitudes; however causal factors remain poorly understood. This research examines the relationship between altitude and gastric cancer risk, and explores potential explanatory covariates related to human behavior that may help explain the spatial patterns of gastric cancer incidence. Using a case control study of gastric cancer cases in western Honduras from 2002-2012, clusters of high-incidence areas are identified. Binomial multilevel likelihood models are constructed to better understand how altitude affects gastric cancer risk and to explore how individual-level behaviors drive disease incidence patterns. While simple models often assume all individuals are identical, multilevel models incorporate individual and group-level heterogeneity in characteristics that may be related to disease dynamics. Results indicate that age-standardized rates (n=594) are twice as high for males than females (15.07 for males and 6.59 for females), and that high rates are significantly clustered at the municipio (local administrative unit) level. Altitude was an insignificant predictor of gastric cancer when measured both as a continuous (p=0.197) and categorical variable (high/low; p=0.192). The results of the multilevel modeling of individual-level behaviors reveal that use of refrigeration as an adult is associated with a decrease in gastric cancer risk (β = -0.9883, p=6.51e-08). The finding that altitude does not affect gastric cancer risk within the study area suggests the possibility that the study area does not contain enough altitudinal heterogeneity to accurately characterize the relationship between altitude and gastric cancer rates. The finding that use of refrigeration as an adult is protective against gastric cancer suggests that access to refrigeration may decrease dependency on salted and preserved meats and increase access to fruits and vegetables, two established factors related to gastric cancer risk. During the past two decades it has been well-established that infection with H. pylori is linked to increased gastric cancer risk. However, the finding that individual-level behavior impacts disease risk supports the theory that to understand disease dynamics, host-pathogen interactions must be considered within the context of their disease ecology.
Mapping the (Invisible) Salaried Woman Architect: the Australian Parlour Research Project
Creators: name: Burns, Karen Lisa
name: Clark, Justine
name: Willis, Jullie
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: Since the 1970s, feminist historians and polemicists have struggled to uncover the ordinary lives of women. They believe that gender ideals and biases are a critical part of the weft and weave of daily life. But the quotidian has been a restricted field in our discipline, often used to define a particular building type rather than the lives of architects. For example, we know little about the workdays of professionals or their labour in the workplace. The architectural office - its daily transactions and everyday culture - remains obscure. Even when represented in histories of the profession, the architectural office is filtered through a top-down lens trained on practice directors. The labour and lives of architecture’s male and female employees is unexplored terrain, but we could begin with the demographics: up to three-quarters of Australian women in architecture are salaried workers, continuing a historical trend. In the past, women generally worked for others. The gendering of salaried architectural workers raises questions about the relationship between gender and office work. Feminist historians and theorists have suggested that the office plays a role in forming gender ideals and practices. This paper endeavours to critically describe the lives and labour of women architects at the office, using survey and interview data from a large-scale Australian research project, publicly known through its website Parlour. This research inquires into gender disadvantage and investigates how gender ideals and norms shape the culture of the architectural workplace. The project’s research questions, evidence and explanations form the basis of this essay. The Parlour project is an ongoing platform for sharing information and research, but it gives particular voice to women’s experience in architecture, an experience largely shaped by salaried employment, studentship and the ownership of small practices.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 17 | Autumn / Winter 2015 | The ‘Bread & Butter’ of Architecture
The Elusiveness of Welfare-State Specificity
Creators: name: Kaminer, Tahl
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: Review of Architecture and the Welfare State, edited by Mark Swenarton, Tom Avermaete and Dirk van den Heuvel (Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2015). Incomprehensibly, the relation of architecture to society is, on the one hand, a trivial fact, and, on the other, a perplexing assumption. Trivial, because the evidence of the tight relationship is ubiquitous, screaming its existence from the tops of skyscrapers, from the basements of gloomy panopticon prisons, and from the doorsteps of Levittown houses. Perplexing, because, despite of such an abundance of evidence, the actual form of such a relationship remains contested and, mostly, obscure. This review article will interrogate the relation of architecture to society via the recently published anthology Architecture and the Welfare State, edited by Mark Swenarton, Tom Avermaete and Dirk van den Heuvel. The anthology postulates that a rigorous correlation can be established between architectural design and the welfare state. The review article, in turn, posits two questions to the anthology: what is specific about the welfare state which differentiates it from other societies of the era, and how is a rigorous correlation of a specific form of architecture to the welfare state established, beyond limited notions such as zeitgeist?
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 17 | Autumn / Winter 2015 | The ‘Bread & Butter’ of Architecture
Layers of Invisibility in Portuguese State Furniture Design, 1940-1974
Creators: name: Martins, João Paulo
name: Diniz, Sofia
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: If the buildings designed in Portugal by and for the state during the long rule of dictatorship are, still today, a challenging, often uncomfortable subject of enquiry – concealed by various layers of interpretation that render them virtually invisible despite their ubiquity –, the furniture that equipped those buildings is even more so. These were objects designed for everyday use, in which technological possibilities and material sturdiness were fundamental concerns, and their designers were frequently little-known architects working within the civil service sphere; better-known names, in turn, are seldom credited with having created the pieces that furnished their own buildings. Yet state-commissioned furniture design can also speak of other aspects of this apparently ordinary, largely invisible side of many architects’ everyday work in government offices. In this brief visual essay, snapshots of a long-term research project recently concluded at the School of Architecture, University of Lisbon prompt us to identify designers and commissioning agencies, locate them within their context(s) of production and discuss significant episodes where diverse aesthetical and ideological stances are followed, each with its own rhetoric: the rift between a generally conservative tutelage and some officials’ drive to keep up with international developments, for example, can be read in these inconspicuous objects and practices of the everyday. Our research, its outputs and initiatives (publications, exhibitions) have illuminated a facet of Portuguese design history that had previously been neglected, and brought in fresh arguments in support of the importance of quotidian artefacts for our understanding of built environment production.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 17 | Autumn / Winter 2015 | The ‘Bread & Butter’ of Architecture
Housing and the construction of the city: the Paris Habitat Experience
Creators: name: Arpa, Javier
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: In Paris, the history and the evolution of social housing provision merge with those of a centennial institution. Created in 1914, the Office Public d’Habitations à Bon Marché, currently called Paris Habitat, manages more than 1,200 operations, 120,000 housing units inhabited by 200,000 residents. This article reviews an investigation to this exceptional heritage commissioned by the Pavillon de l'Arsenal in Paris, which resulted in the exhibition and catalogue Paris Habitat: Cent ans de ville, cent ans de vie, presented by the institution in 2015. The investigation, exhibition and publication were organized around the analysis of ten fragments of reality that, rather than matching administrative divisions or urban planning projects, span municipalities, districts and infrastructures. From low-cost to large-scale housing, from concerns with hygiene to ecology issues, each one of the building ensembles analyzed bears witness to the will to change society through housing. Written by the project’s main curator and catalogue editor, this review details the process through which essential questions formulated early on – What is the city we want like? How is it built? – were answered to: selecting from the wealth of material produced by Paris Habitat over one hundred years of activity, the team exposed their political stance on urban strategies at large. Importantly, Paris Habitat’s ‘actions’ substantiated the team’s belief that our knowledge of this long, continuous urban experiment can contribute to improve the metropolises of today and strengthen its ability to answer contemporary concerns: the transformation of offices into housing, new residents’ participation formulas, new building and conception processes, which are key elements in the making of cities that need to be dense, diverse, intense, fertile and agile.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 17 | Autumn / Winter 2015 | The ‘Bread & Butter’ of Architecture
Poisson multi-Bernoulli conjugate prior for multiple extended object filtering
Creators: name: Granstrom, Karl
name: Fatemi, Maryam
name: Svensson, Lennart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) conjugate prior for multiple extended object filtering. A Poisson point process is used to describe the existence of yet undetected targets, while a multi-Bernoulli mixture describes the distribution of the targets that have been detected. The prediction and update equations are presented for the standard transition density and measurement likelihood. Both the prediction and the update preserve the PMBM form of the density, and in this sense the PMBM density is a conjugate prior. However, the unknown data associations lead to an intractably large number of terms in the PMBM density, and approximations are necessary for tractability. A gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart implementation is presented, along with methods to handle the data association problem. A simulation study shows that the extended target PMBM filter performs well in comparison to the extended target d-GLMB and LMB filters. An experiment with Lidar data illustrates the benefit of tracking both detected and undetected targets.
Policy Error Bounds for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Factored Linear Models
Creators: name: Pires, Bernardo Ávila
name: Szepesvári, Csaba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we study a model-based approach to calculating approximately optimal policies in Markovian Decision Processes. In particular, we derive novel bounds on the loss of using a policy derived from a factored linear model, a class of models which generalize numerous previous models out of those that come with strong computational guarantees. For the first time in the literature, we derive performance bounds for model-based techniques where the model inaccuracy is measured in weighted norms. Moreover, our bounds show a decreased sensitivity to the discount factor and, unlike similar bounds derived for other approaches, they are insensitive to measure mismatch. Similarly to previous works, our proofs are also based on contraction arguments, but with the main differences that we use carefully constructed norms building on Banach lattices, and the contraction property is only assumed for operators acting on "compressed" spaces, thus weakening previous assumptions, while strengthening previous results.
description: 30 pages. Corrected typos. Appears in JMLR Workshop and Conference Proceedings 49: Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference on Learning Theory (COLT 2016)
Demands for Land for Agriculture -- Past, Present, and Future
Creators: name: Steele, Harry A.
name: Landgren, Norman E.
name: Steele, Harry A.
name: Landgren, Norman E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Crop Production/Industries
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Land Economics/Use
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Excerpts: The land area of the United States must fulfill increasing demands from a growing population and a continuously developing economy. As they have in the past, demands for land and its products and services will change in form and intensity. The supply of agricultural land is likely to be subject to increasing pressure from urbanization and greatly expanded public installations and facilities. Such uses are creating demands for land which to a large extent were nonexistent or insignificant throughout much of our history. This paper focuses on the past, present, and future use of land for agriculture in the United States. Historical trends in use and the expansion of agriculture through new land settlement are briefly reviewed. The changing structure of modern agriculture is examined in some detail. Factors determining future demands for the products of land are appraised. Based upon a set of assumptions about these factors and about resource productivity, estimates of land requirements for agriculture in 1980 are presented. The potential for meeting demands for agricultural products further in the future is briefly discussed.
description: Address, Homestead Centennial Symposium, Lincoln, Nebr., June 12, 1962.
Disjoinable Lagrangian tori and semisimple symplectic cohomology
Creators: name: Li, Yin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive constraints on Lagrangian embeddings in completions of certain stable symplectic fillings with semisimple symplectic cohomologies. Manifolds with these properties can be constructed by generalizing the boundary connected sum operation to our setting, and are related to certain birational surgeries like blow-downs and flips. As a consequence, there are many non-toric (non-compact) monotone symplectic manifolds whose wrapped Fukaya categories are proper.
description: 45 pages; v5: Version accepted by Algebraic & Geometric Topology
Common Spatialities: The Production of the Multitude
Creators: name: Jalón Oyarzun, Lucía
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: The Gezi Park barricades in Istanbul, the OWS occupation of Zucotti Park in New York City, the tents of the Indignados movement in Spain, the London Blackberry riots and the seizure of Tahrir Square in Cairo to demand the overthrow of a dictator. As new forms of social coexistence and relationships are being configured, and new spaces for encounter and conflict are produced, architecture feels that essential questions regarding its activity are being addressed in each and every one of these situations. And yet we seem unable to relate to them and grasp their significance as we repeatedly turn to old metaphors and tools. If modern architecture pursues the modern liberal state techniques of management and administration of life, then recent forms of political action, which claim a new relation to the sensible, demand – and might help develop – a new understanding of architecture. We are moving from technical and disciplinary knowledge towards a critical practice that integrates with the action of the multitude. Starting from a definition of commons as the production of the multitude, we seek not only to understand the spatial dimension of this production, but also to acknowledge space as common.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 16 | Spring 2015 | Commoning as Differentiated Publicness
A Monstrous Alliance: Open Architecture and Common Space
Creators: name: Kodalak, Gökhan
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: The contemporary built environment is absorbed by a dualist spatial organisation model divided between public and private space. Within this restrictive grammar, public space, despite its democratic promise, is heavily indoctrinated and anesthetised under the hegemony of regulatory apparatuses and control mechanisms, whereas private space has catalysed, if not directly engendered, prevalent spatial problems, such as ever-increasing slums, discriminatory gentrification and ecological catastrophes, despite its self-approving assurance. Underneath this dysfunctional couple lies common space, a third category that constitutes the shared spatial commonwealth of our entire natural and cultural milieu. The multitude, as an emerging body of self-organising political and spatial actors, has already started to unearth the potential of common space, actualising emergent and interactive spatial configurations all around the world. In this new, self-organisational model, architects do not become obsolete; rather, they leave behind their conventional roles as submissive experts and cosmetic speculators. By becoming anomalous architects, they affirm and augment the opening of spatial and architectural milieus to a myriad of new possibilities. This article theorises the possibility of a monstrous alliance between anomalous architects and the multitude, between open architectures and common space. Two specific case studies accompany these theoretical frameworks: the Gezi Event (Istanbul, 2013) demonstrates the actual emancipation of common space through the self-organising activity of the multitude, while Open-Cube (Antalya, 2013) attests to an early open architecture experiment based on the potentiating activity of the anomalous architect.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 16 | Spring 2015 | Commoning as Differentiated Publicness
Wertelite und Macht
Creators: name: Schneider, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Weimarer Republik
subject: Elite
subject: Werte
subject: Wissenssoziologie
subject: Values
subject: Sociology of Knowledge
subject: Weimar Republic
subject: 100 Philosophie
subject: 10 Philosophie

description: Die Dissertation ist dem politischen Denken Max Schelers gewidmet. Die Darstellung und Analyse von Schelers politischem Denken zwischen Kaiserreich und Weimarer Republik ist um die zentralen Begriffe Wert und Elite strukturiert. Schelers Bemühen um eine Stabilisierung der politisch-gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse mit metapolitischen Mitteln ist das Resultat seiner Zeitdiagnostik. Er warnt angesichts der Entwicklung zu einer individualistischen Gesellschaft vor den damit einhergehenden Dissoziierungstendenzen. Seine Überlegungen zur Elite ziehen sich wie ein roter Faden durch sein Werk und prägen sein Politikverständnis. Durch die synchrone und diachrone Darstellungsweise wird der Umkreis jener elitetheoretischer Erörterungen einbezogen, die bis heute der Ausgangspunkt mancher Diskurse bilden. Entgegen der Tendenz den komplexen Elitebegriff der stratifizierten Gesellschaft, in der Macht-, Funktions- und Wertelite koinzidierten, auf seine funktionale Komponente zu reduzieren, in der Funktion und Leistung von Werten und Orientierung entkoppelt werden, hält Scheler an dem komplexen Elitebegriff fest und erklärt insbesondere die Bedeutung von Wertvermittlung und Sinnstiftung zum Nukleus seines Elitebegriffs.
description: This dissertation is dedicated to Max Scheler's political thinking. The representation and analysis of Scheler's political thinking between German Empire and Weimar Republic is structured around the central concepts of value and elite. Scheler's endeavour to stabilize the political and social conditions by meta-political means comes as the result of his time-diagnosis warning of dissociation tendencies that come along with the development towards an individualistic society. Reflections on elite is the central theme of his work and mark his concept of politics. The synchronic and diachronic reprensentation involves the vicinity of those theoretical elite discussions that even today form the basis of some discourses. Contrary to the tendency to reduce the complex elite concept of stratified society, in which elite of power, function and value coincided, to its functional component, in which function and performance are being uncoupled from value and orientation, Scheler sticks to the complex concept of elite and particularly emphasizes the meaning of imparting value and sense as the nucleus of his elite term.
Open-Source Urbanism: Creating, Multiplying and Managing Urban Commons
Creators: name: Bradley, Karin
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: Within contemporary architecture and urbanism there is marked interest in urban commons. This paper explores the creation of temporary urban commons, or, more specifically, what can be called ‘open-source urbanism’. Citing two practices – urban commons initiated by Atelier d’architecture autogérée in Paris, and Park(ing) Day initiated by San Francisco-based Rebar – I argue that these practices can be understood as open-source urbanism since their initiators act as open-source programmers, constructing practice manuals to be freely copied, used, developed and shared, thus producing self-managed commons. Although this tradition of ‘commoning’ is not new, it is currently being reinvented with the use of digital technologies. Combining Elinor Ostrom’s analysis of self-managed natural resource commons with Yochai Benkler’s assertion that commons-based peer production constitutes a ‘third mode of production’ that lies beyond capitalism, socialism and their blends, I argue that open-source urbanism critiques both government and privately-led urban development by advancing a form of postcapitalist urbanism.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 16 | Spring 2015 | Commoning as Differentiated Publicness
New Media in Old Cities: The Emergence of the New Collective
Creators: name: Ampatzidou, Cristina
name: Molenda, Ania
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: This paper takes a look at the relationship between informational space and territory. It questions the common dichotomy that positions virtual space in opposition to physical space. It focuses on the different roles modern urban actors play in defining a new understanding of space as an inseparable composition of both the virtual and the physical realm. On the individual level, it looks at the emergence of a new type of citizen whose ludic attitude dynamically adapts the course of his responses to the virtual, real-time inputs that influence his presence in the physical environment. On the collective level, it analyses unintended, swarm-like synchronisations, and the role new media play in redefining the urban commons.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 16 | Spring 2015 | Commoning as Differentiated Publicness
Neo-sex chromosomes and their role in enhancing mitonuclear co-adaptation in Australasian Robins
Creators: name: LOW, GABRIEL WEIJIE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Molecular evolution
Evolutionary impacts of climate change

description: The Eastern Yellow Robin (EYR) has a neo-sex chromosome enriched with nuclear genes with mitochondrial function (N-mt genes). Sex linkage of N-mt genes may have promoted selection on mitonuclear interactions, and could lead to reproductive isolation between environment-associated lineages. I compared Chr1A-derived genes between lineages and found that neo-W N-mt genes could be driving divergence. I characterized neo-sex chromosome(s) in EYR and relatives, generating genomic resources and a phylogenetic framework for tests of accelerated N-mt gene evolution. My thesis supports EYR as a model for testing the role of neo-sex architecture in promoting processes that may lead to speciation.
title: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 17 | Autumn / Winter 2015 | The ‘Bread & Butter’ of Architecture
title: Issue # 17 | Autumn / Winter 2015 | The ‘Bread & Butter’ of Architecture
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: FOOTPRINT
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: The canon of western contemporary architecture has overlooked everyday, ‘salaried’ architecture – overwhelming as it may have turned out to be in our built environment – praising instead the solo designer and his ground-breaking work. Since World War I, the social role of the architect (in terms both of his or her place in social hierarchies and of his or her contribution for social betterment) seems to have been primarily tested, and largely consolidated, in ‘departmental architecture’. Yet the work of county, city and ministerial architects, heads of department in welfare commissions, guilds and cooperatives, is seldom discussed as such: its specificity as the product of institutional initiatives and agents, as the outcome of negotiation between individual and collective agendas, remains little explored, even when authors celebrate the many public-designed projects that are part of the canon. On the other hand, commercially driven architecture and the business side of the profession are still anathema for many, despite being essential factors in the discipline’s position in society. Footprint 17 addresses the architectural production of those who played their part in inconspicuous offices and unexciting departments, and that contribute insights to discuss the place of the architecture of ‘bread & butter’ in architectural history studies and in the politics of architectural design and theory. This issue of Footprint explores intellectual frameworks, didactic practices, research methods and analytical instruments that project the disciplinary focus further than the work of the ‘prime mover’, discussing the relevance of ‘salaried’ architects and institutional agency in shaping the spatial and social practices of the everyday. Issue's editors: Nelson Mota and Ricardo Agarez
description: Architecture in Everyday Life...1-8 Housing and the construction of the city: the Paris Habitat Experience...167-180 Layers of Invisibility in Portuguese State Furniture Design, 1940-1974...125-142 The Elusiveness of Welfare-State Specificity...161-166 Mapping the (Invisible) Salaried Woman Architect: the Australian Parlour Research Project...143-160 Fun and Games: The Suppression of Architectural Authoriality and the Rise of the Reader...101-124 The Architect, the Planner and the Bishop: the Shapers of ‘Ordinary’ Dublin, 1940–60...69-88 Humdrum Tasks of the Salaried Men: Edwin Williams, a London County Council Architect at War...9-26 Architecture is always in the middle…...89-100 Independent or Bureaucratic? The Early Career Choice of an Architect at the Turn of the Twentieth Century in Germany, France and England...47-68 The Architect as Producer: Hannes Meyer and the Proletarianisation of the Western Architect...27-46
Fog-Aided Wireless Networks for Content Delivery: Fundamental Latency Trade-Offs
Creators: name: Sengupta, Avik
name: Tandon, Ravi
name: Simeone, Osvaldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fog-aided wireless network architecture is studied in which edge-nodes (ENs), such as base stations, are connected to a cloud processor via dedicated fronthaul links, while also being endowed with caches. Cloud processing enables the centralized implementation of cooperative transmission strategies at the ENs, albeit at the cost of an increased latency due to fronthaul transfer. In contrast, the proactive caching of popular content at the ENs allows for the low-latency delivery of the cached files, but with generally limited opportunities for cooperative transmission among the ENs. The interplay between cloud processing and edge caching is addressed from an information-theoretic viewpoint by investigating the fundamental limits of a high Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) metric, termed normalized delivery time (NDT), which captures the worst-case coding latency for delivering any requested content to the users. The NDT is defined under the assumptions of either serial or pipelined fronthaul-edge transmission, and is studied as a function of fronthaul and cache capacity constraints. Placement and delivery strategies across both fronthaul and wireless, or edge, segments are proposed with the aim of minimizing the NDT. Information-theoretic lower bounds on the NDT are also derived. Achievability arguments and lower bounds are leveraged to characterize the minimal NDT in a number of important special cases, including systems with no caching capabilities, as well as to prove that the proposed schemes achieve optimality within a constant multiplicative factor of 2 for all values of the problem parameters.
The Architect as Producer: Hannes Meyer and the Proletarianisation of the Western Architect
Creators: name: Djalali, Amir
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: With the foundation of the Bauhaus, Walter Gropius advocated an end to the division between arts and crafts. Contrary to the idea of architecture as art, the programme of the school aimed to assimilate architecture with industry in order to satisfy collective social needs. Yet, despite this programmatic declaration, such a project was realised only after Gropius’ departure from the Bauhaus, under the controversial directorship (1927–1930) of the Swiss architect Hannes Meyer. Meyer achieved unprecedented success both in terms of academic production and financial performance. Yet his realisations were paralleled by the leftist radicalisation of the school’s politics: Meyer transformed the workshops into factory production units and the students into industrial workers. Eventually, the politicisation of the school cost Meyer his office and a negative reputation in historical records that still holds today. This article posits that Meyer achieved his success at the Bauhaus not despite his radical allegiance, but precisely because of it. The realism of Meyer’s strategy is evaluated through his capacity to anticipate many developments in the organisation of architectural production. In particular, his critique of intellectual labour in architecture is confronted with the contemporary proletarisation of architects in the Western world.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 17 | Autumn / Winter 2015 | The ‘Bread & Butter’ of Architecture
Effects of different interaction mechanisms between hypothetical gravions and matter on Push Gravity theories
Creators: name: Lahres, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: push gravity
gravitational law
anisotropic scattering
ray tracing
simulation
energy problem
Le Sage gravitation

description: One of the most serious criticism about the Le Sage gravitation theory, further elaborated by G. Danilatos, is the so called energy problem, arising from the fact that hypthetical repulsive gravitational radiation (gravions) would overheat a planet within seconds if the radiation energy is absorbed and not re-emitted. Anisotropic scattering is an alternative process to absorption that can avoid the energy problem. The paper shows by numerical ray tracing simulations that anisotropic scattering can explain the attractive gravitational forces in the context of a Push Gravity theory without having to deal with absorbed energy and related heating. This pontential explanation of the interaction between gravion radiation and matter encourages to investigate the push gravity theory further.
description: {"references": ["Danilatos, G. (2020) Novel quantitative push gravity theory poised for verification \u2013 doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4284106. URL https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4284106"]}
Independent or Bureaucratic? The Early Career Choice of an Architect at the Turn of the Twentieth Century in Germany, France and England
Creators: name: Gerber, Andri
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2015

description: While the general historical perception of the architect conveys an image of him/her as an independent ‘genius-artist’ we should not forget how, in particular around the turn of the twentieth century, architects were primarily employed by communal, or state administrations. The need for architects in administrations was primarily a consequence of the rising independence of cities and the necessity to react to urbanization and property speculation, and later for the mass housing programs in the aftermath of the First World War. In this paper the professional reality of architects in three countries, Germany, France, and England will be addressed and the relationship of the profession to the administrations will be analyzed. This investigation looks at how architects perceived this relationship and the many advantages it gave them, as well as how their reaction against it was articulated and backed up. In each of these countries architects had a different disciplinary background; these differences will be compared and contrasted. This variance subsequently led to a different perception and attitude towards the relevant administrations. Yet, it ought to be added that no general rule can be extracted from these comparisons, as each architect had their own, unique career path.
description: FOOTPRINT, Issue # 17 | Autumn / Winter 2015 | The ‘Bread & Butter’ of Architecture
Anomaly Corrected Heterotic Horizons
Creators: name: Fontanella, A.
name: Gutowski, J. B.
name: Papadopoulos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider supersymmetric near-horizon geometries in heterotic supergravity up to two loop order in sigma model perturbation theory. We identify the conditions for the horizons to admit enhancement of supersymmetry. We show that solutions which undergo supersymmetry enhancement exhibit an sl(2,R) symmetry, and we describe the geometry of their horizon sections. We also prove a modified Lichnerowicz type theorem, incorporating $α'$ corrections, which relates Killing spinors to zero modes of near-horizon Dirac operators. Furthermore, we demonstrate that there are no AdS2 solutions in heterotic supergravity up to second order in $α'$ for which the fields are smooth and the internal space is smooth and compact without boundary. We investigate a class of nearly supersymmetric horizons, for which the gravitino Killing spinor equation is satisfied on the spatial cross sections but not the dilatino one, and present a description of their geometry.
description: 55 pages, latex. Minor changes to Appendix C
THE EVOLUTION OF GERMAN ASYLUM POLICY: BALANCING HUMANITARIAN OBLIGATIONS WITH DOMESTIC PRESSURES
Creators: name: Lyons, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: This thesis analyzes the modification of asylum policy by the Federal Republic of Germany in the face of mass migration. It argues that the German experience shows that states prioritize protecting state sovereignty over adhering to humanitarian obligations by examining two litmus tests in the history of German asylum policy: first, the response to German Unification and the wars in the former Yugoslavia; and second, the reactions to the Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War.
      Through the analysis of discourse and institutional framing, the thesis explores how the German government initially implemented inclusive asylum policies, but then resorted to more restrictive measures when pressured by domestic actors during mass migrations. While there is much evidence for Germany’s historical commitment to international humanitarian treaties, when faced with domestic pressures, including conservative political parties and economic strains, the German government implemented restrictive asylum measures.
Did GW150914 produce a rotating gravastar?
Creators: name: Chirenti, Cecilia
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interferometric LIGO detectors have recently measured the first direct gravitational-wave signal from what has been interpreted as the inspiral, merger and ringdown of a binary system of black holes. The signal-to-noise ratio of the measured signal is large enough to leave little doubt that it does refer to the inspiral of two massive and ultracompact objects, whose merger yields a rotating black hole. Yet, the quality of the data is such that some room is left for alternative interpretations that do not involve black holes, but other objects that, within classical general relativity, can be equally massive and compact, namely, gravastars. We here consider the hypothesis that the merging objects were indeed gravastars and explore whether the merged object could therefore be not a black hole but a rotating gravastar. After comparing the real and imaginary parts of the ringdown signal of GW150914 with the corresponding quantities for a variety of gravastars, and notwithstanding the very limited knowledge of the perturbative response of rotating gravastars, we conclude it is not possible to model the measured ringdown of GW150914 as due to a rotating gravastar.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Extended and improved discussion of the ringdown. Conclusions unchanged and strengthened; matches version accepted for publication in PRD
Marginal Bone Level Change around Implants supporting Full Arch Zirconia Fixed Prostheses
Creators: name: Omeishi, Mohammed
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: The primary aim of this retrospective study was to assess the change in marginal bone level around implants supporting full-arch implant-supported monolithic zirconia prostheses after a minimum service period of one year. The secondary aim was to identify potential predictors of marginal bone loss. All prostheses were delivered at the UIC College of Dentistry Prosthodontic clinic between January 2010 and June 2020. To measure marginal bone change, periapical radiographs taken at prosthesis delivery and at last follow-up visit, were obtained from the Axium electronic health record. Calibration and measurement of radiographs using ImageJ software (U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), ensured accuracy and consistency. A subsample of participant clinical records from a previous retrospective study of zirconia prostheses conducted in the Department of Restorative Dentistry provided the radiographs. Evaluation of potential predictors of peri-implant marginal bone loss included maxillary or mandibular arch, implant number, implant position, follow-up time, and implant manufacturer. Descriptive data for mean peri-implant marginal bone change, stratified by the potential predictors above, were calculated and presented in table format. The statistical analysis utilized a generalized estimating equation (GEE) modeling approach, which accounted for the hierarchical nature of the data (implants within prostheses). The final model included the variables of arch, implant angle, implant number, implant position, and follow-up time. The predictors above showed little evidence of association with marginal bone changes, with the exception of follow-up time. For mesial bone change measurements, the follow-up interval of 5-8 years, compared to 1-3 years, yielded a marginal bone loss of 0.265mm, 95% confidence interval (CI) of .0027 to 0.50, and a p value of 0.029. Although a null effect of implant angulation on mesial marginal bone change cannot be ruled out, the null value is near the upper confidence limit, and the change in the direction of mean bone level change is slight (-0.110mm, 95% CI [-0.224, 0.004], p= 0.059). All other estimates are consistent with the null hypothesis. All observed mean bone level changes were within published levels for clinical acceptability.