cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Kekulé spiral order at all nonzero integer fillings in twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Kwan, Yves H.
name: Wagner, Glenn
name: Soejima, Tomohiro
name: Zaletel, Michael P.
name: Simon, Steven H.
name: Parameswaran, Siddharth A.
name: Bultinck, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study magic angle graphene in the presence of both strain and particle-hole symmetry breaking due to non-local inter-layer tunneling. We perform a self-consistent Hartree-Fock study that incorporates these effects alongside realistic interaction and substrate potentials, and explore a comprehensive set of competing orders including those that break translational symmetry at arbitrary wavevectors. We find that at all non-zero integer fillings very small strains, comparable to those measured in scanning tunneling experiments, stabilize a fundamentally new type of time-reversal symmetric and spatially non-uniform order. This order, which we dub the 'incommensurate Kekulé spiral' (IKS) order, spontaneously breaks both the emergent valley-charge conservation and moiré translation symmetries, but preserves a modified translation symmetry $\hat{T}'$ -- which simultaneously shifts the spatial coordinates and rotates the $U(1)$ angle which characterizes the spontaneous inter-valley coherence. We discuss the phenomenological and microscopic properties of this order. We argue that our findings are consistent with all experimental observations reported so far, suggesting a unified explanation of the global phase diagram in terms of the IKS order.
description: 18pp + 6pp references, 8 figures (main text); 16pp, 22 figures (supplement); v3: published version
The international regulation of air transport : changing regimes and price effects
Creators: name: Dresner, Martin Elliot
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The thesis consists of two major sections. In the first section, regulatory changes in the international air transport industry were traced from the Second World War to the present. A modified version of hegemonic stability theory was formulated and applied to the industry in an attempt to explain the developments. In that hegemonic theory could not adequately explain some of the major developments, additional domestic political and market structural variables were introduced in order to arrive at a more comprehensive model of regime change. The comprehensive model added significantly to the explanation of regime developments. Finally, the model was used to predict future developments in the industry. It was predicted that there was still political credit to be gained from air services liberalization in developed areas of the world, such as Europe, and that regulations in these areas are likely to be liberalized. In the second part of the thesis, a model was developed from profit-maximizing principles to explain price differences on international air routes. Major assumptions of the model were that airlines competing on liberalized air routes engaged in Bertrand pricing behaviour, while carriers competing on non-liberal routes colluded to set prices. These assumptions were consistent with industry practices. Data were gathered on 51 international air routes between the years 1976 and 1981, the period when the United States first introduced liberal bilateral agreements. Several empirical versions of the model were used to test for price effects that arose from the liberal agreements. The findings were that the liberal agreements contributed to significantly lower discount fares but not necessarily to significantly lower normal fares. The findings were consistent with the use of greater price discrimination under the liberal bilateral agreements.
ECHO: an Eulerian Conservative High Order scheme for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics and magnetodynamics
Creators: name: Del Zanna, L.
name: Zanotti, O.
name: Bucciantini, N.
name: Londrillo, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new numerical code, ECHO, based on an Eulerian Conservative High Order scheme for time dependent three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) and magnetodynamics (GRMD). ECHO is aimed at providing a shock-capturing conservative method able to work at an arbitrary level of formal accuracy (for smooth flows), where the other existing GRMHD and GRMD schemes yield an overall second order at most. Moreover, our goal is to present a general framework, based on the 3+1 Eulerian formalism, allowing for different sets of equations, different algorithms, and working in a generic space-time metric, so that ECHO may be easily coupled to any solver for Einstein's equations. Various high order reconstruction methods are implemented and a two-wave approximate Riemann solver is used. The induction equation is treated by adopting the Upwind Constrained Transport (UCT) procedures, appropriate to preserve the divergence-free condition of the magnetic field in shock-capturing methods. The limiting case of magnetodynamics (also known as force-free degenerate electrodynamics) is implemented by simply replacing the fluid velocity with the electromagnetic drift velocity and by neglecting the matter contribution to the stress tensor. ECHO is particularly accurate, efficient, versatile, and robust. It has been tested against several astrophysical applications, including a novel test on the propagation of large amplitude circularly polarized Alfven waves. In particular, we show that reconstruction based on a Monotonicity Preserving filter applied to a fixed 5-point stencil gives highly accurate results for smooth solutions, both in flat and curved metric (up to the nominal fifth order), while at the same time providing sharp profiles in tests involving discontinuities.
description: 20 pages, revised version submitted to A&A
Absence of Hybridization Gap in Heavy Electron Systems and Analysis of YbAl3 in terms of Nearly Free Electron Conduction Band
Creators: name: Kuroiwa, Hiroyuki
name: Imai, Yoshiki
name: Saso, Tetsuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the analysis of the heavy electron systems, theoretical models with c-f hybridization gap are often used. We point out that such a gap does not exist and the simple picture with the hybridization gap is misleading in the metallic systems, and present a correct picture by explicitly constructing an effective band model of YbAl_3. Hamiltonian consists of a nearly free electron model for conduction bands which hybridize with localized f-electrons, and includes only a few parameters. Density of states, Sommerfeld coefficient, f-electron number and optical conductivity are calculated and compared with the band calculations and the experiments.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Lossless Coding of Light Fields based on 4D Minimum Rate Predictors
Creators: name: Santos, João M.
name: Thomaz, Lucas A.
name: Assunção, Pedro A. A.
name: Cruz, Luís A. da Silva
name: Távora, Luís
name: Faria, Sérgio M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Common representations of light fields use four-dimensional data structures, where a given pixel is closely related not only to its spatial neighbours within the same view, but also to its angular neighbours, co-located in adjacent views. Such structure presents increased redundancy between pixels, when compared with regular single-view images. Then, these redundancies are exploited to obtain compressed representations of the light field, using prediction algorithms specifically tailored to estimate pixel values based on both spatial and angular references. This paper proposes new encoding schemes which take advantage of the four-dimensional light field data structures to improve the coding performance of Minimum Rate Predictors. The proposed methods expand previous research on lossless coding beyond the current state-of-the-art. The experimental results, obtained using both traditional datasets and others more challenging, show bit-rate savings no smaller than 10%, when compared with existing methods for lossless light field compression.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Funded through PhD grant SFRH/BD/114894/2016, project PlenoIsla POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028325 and by FCT/MCTES through national funds and when applicable co-funded by EU funds under the project UIDB/EEA/50008/2020
The Diffractive Contribution to Deep Inelastic Lepton-Proton Scattering: Implications for QCD Momentum Sum Rules and Parton Distributions
Creators: name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
name: Lyubovitskij, Valery E.
name: Schmidt, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross section for deep inelastic lepton-proton scattering (DIS) $\ell p \to \ell' X$ includes a diffractive deep inelastic (DDIS) contribution $\ell p \to \ell' p' X$, in which the proton remains intact with a large longitudinal momentum fraction $x_F$ greater than 0.9 and small transverse momentum. The DDIS events, which can be identified with Pomeron exchange in the $t$-channel, account for approximately $10\%$ of all of the DIS events. Thus, when one measures DIS, one automatically includes the leading-twist Bjorken-scaling DDIS events as a contribution to the DIS cross section, whether or not the final-state proton $p'$ is detected. In such events, the missing momentum fraction $x_{p'} \sim 0.9$ carried by the final-state proton $p'$ in the DDIS events could be misidentified with the light-front momentum fraction carried by sea quarks or gluons in the protons' Fock structure. As we shall show in this article, the underlying QCD Pomeron-exchange amplitude which produces the DDIS events does not obey the operator product expansion nor satisfy momentum sum rules. Thus we conclude that the quark and gluon distributions measured in DIS experiments will be misidentified, unless the measurements explicitly exclude the DDIS events and that a correct determination of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) derived from the DIS data requires the explicit subtraction of the DDIS contribution from the full DIS cross section.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Callan-Symanzik method for $m$-axial Lifshitz points
Creators: name: Carvalho, Paulo R. S.
name: Leite, Marcelo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the Callan-Symanzik method in the description of anisotropic as well as isotropic Lifshitz critical behaviors. Renormalized perturbation theories are defined by normalization conditions with nonvanishing masses and at zero external momenta. The orthogonal approximation is employed to obtain the critical indices $η_{L2}$, $ν_{L2}$, $η_{L4}$ and $ν_{L4}$ diagramatically at least up to two-loop order in the anisotropic criticalities. This approximation is also utilized to compute the exponents $η_{L4}$ and $ν_{L4}$ in the isotropic case. Furthermore, we compute those exponents exactly for the isotropic behaviors at the same loop order. The results obtained for all exponents are in perfect agreement with those previously derived in the massless theories renormalized at nonzero external momenta.
description: REVTeX 4, 22 pages
Pulmonary Emphysema in weaned calves
Creators: name: Johnson, Jerre L.
name: Pommer, Jerry L.
name: Hudson, Donald B.
name: Doster, Alan R.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1981

description: Classification of pneumonias takes on many characteristics, each of which seem to add to the confusion in diagnosing respiratory problems. Pierson divides respiratory feedlot yearling deaths into three groups: bronchial, interstitial, and metastatic. He then describes each entity of that group. He classifies pulmonary emphysema of weaned calves as an interstitial pneumonia. Other respiratory entities in this group with confusing morphological terms are: bovine pulmonary emphysema; acute bovine pulmonary emphysema, or ABPE; St. George disease; fog fever; atypical interstitial pneumonia, which is currently the most popular; pulmonary adenomatosis; silo filler's disease; cow asthma; hypersensitive pneumonitis; extrinsic allergic alveolitis; "Urner pneumonie"; bovine farmer's lung; acute alveolar emphysema and edema; panters; and lungers.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1981
Moon Shadow by Cosmic Rays under the Influence of Geomagnetic Field and Search for Antiprotons at Multi-TeV Energies
Creators: name: The Tibet AS Gamma Collaboration
name: Amenomori, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed the shadowing of galactic cosmic ray flux in the direction of the moon, the so-called moon shadow, using the Tibet-III air shower array operating at Yangbajing (4300 m a.s.l.) in Tibet since 1999. Almost all cosmic rays are positively charged; for that reason, they are bent by the geomagnetic field, thereby shifting the moon shadow westward. The cosmic rays will also produce an additional shadow in the eastward direction of the moon if cosmic rays contain negatively charged particles, such as antiprotons, with some fraction. We selected 1.5 x10^{10} air shower events with energy beyond about 3 TeV from the dataset observed by the Tibet-III air shower array and detected the moon shadow at $\sim 40 σ$ level. The center of the moon was detected in the direction away from the apparent center of the moon by 0.23$^\circ$ to the west. Based on these data and a full Monte Carlo simulation, we searched for the existence of the shadow produced by antiprotons at the multi-TeV energy region. No evidence of the existence of antiprotons was found in this energy region. We obtained the 90% confidence level upper limit of the flux ratio of antiprotons to protons as 7% at multi-TeV energies.
description: 13pages,4figures; Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Double Diffusion in Lake Kivu
Creators: name: Sommer, Tobias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013

description: Kein Abstract vorhanden.
description: + ID der Publikation: hslu_60973 + Art des Beitrages: Dissertation + Name der Universität / Institution inkl. Ort: ETH Zürich + Land der Universität / Institution: Schweiz + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2019-07-02 13:22:52
One-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model with mass imbalance: Orders and filling anomaly
Creators: name: He, Yuchi
name: Pekker, David
name: Mong, Roger S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase diagram of the one-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model with mass imbalance. Using DMRG, we show that this model has a "triplet" paired phase (dubbed $π\mathrm{SG}$) at generic fillings, consistent with previous theoretical analysis. We study the topological aspect of $π\mathrm{SG}$ phase, determining long-range string orders and the filling anomaly which refers to the relation among the single particle gap, inversion symmetry, and filling imbalance for open chains. We also find, using DMRG, that at $1/3$ filling, commensurate effects lead to two additional phases: a crystal phase and a trion phase; we construct a description of these phases using Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory.
description: 11 pages + 5 pages appendices, 14 figures
Coulomb Drag in Graphene
Creators: name: Tse, Wang-Kong
name: Hu, Ben Yu-Kuang
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Coulomb drag between two single graphene sheets in intrinsic and extrinsic graphene systems with no interlayer tunneling. The general expression for the nonlinear susceptibility appropriate for single-layer graphene systems is derived using the diagrammatic perturbation theory, and the corresponding exact zero-temperature expression is obtained analytically. We find that, despite the existence of a non-zero conductivity in an intrinsic graphene layer, the Coulomb drag between intrinsic graphene layers vanishes at all temperatures. In extrinsic systems, we obtain numerical results and an approximate analytical result for the drag resistivity $ρ_{\textrm{D}}$, and find that $ρ_{\textrm{D}}$ goes as $T^2$ at low temperature $T$, as $1/d^4$ for large bilayer separation $d$ and $1/n^3$ for high carrier density $n$. We also discuss qualitatively the effect of plasmon-induced enhancement on the Coulomb drag, which should occur at a temperature of the order of or higher than the Fermi temperature.
The evolution of the metabolic network over long timelines
Creators: name: Ralser, Markus
name: Varma, Sreejith J
name: Notebaart, Richard A
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Synthetic Biology
Chemical Biology & High Throughput
Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
Metabolism
Computational & Systems Biology

description: No description supplied
Elastic scattering of a muon neutrino by an electron in the presence of a circularly polarized laser field
Creators: name: Asri, S. El
name: Mouslih, S.
name: Jakha, M.
name: Manaut, B.
name: Attaourti, Y.
name: Taj, S.
name: Benbrik, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of the great contribution of neutrino-electron scattering to the deep understanding of electroweak interactions, we focus in this paper on the study of elastic scattering of a muon neutrino by an electron $(e^{-}ν_μ\rightarrow e^{-}ν_μ)$ in the presence of a circularly polarized electromagnetic field. We perform our theoretical calculation within the framework of Fermi theory using the exact wave functions of charged particles in an electromagnetic field. The expression of the differential cross section (DCS) for this process is obtained analytically in the absence and presence of the laser field. The effect of the field strength and frequency on the exchange of photons as well as on the DCS is presented and analyzed. Massive neutrino effects are also included and discussed. This study, added to the previous ones, will significantly enrich our knowledge in fundamental physics.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, 65 references, 1 appendix
Some connections between results and problems of De Giorgi, Moser and Bangert
Creators: name: Junginger-Gestrich, Hannes
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J60, 35B40

description: Using theorems of Bangert, we prove a rigidity result which shows how a question raised by Bangert for elliptic integrands of Moser type is connected, in the case of minimal solutions without self-intersections, to a famous conjecture of De Giorgi for phase transitions.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Hamiltonian theory of the half-filled Landau level with disorder: Application to recent NMR data
Creators: name: Murthy, Ganpathy
name: Shankar, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian Theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect is an operator description that subsumes many properties of Composite Fermions, applies to gapped and gapless cases, and has been found to provide results in quantitative accord with data on gaps, relaxation rates and polarizations at temperatures of $300mK$ and above. The only free parameter is $λ$, which is related to the sample thickness and appears in the Zhang-Das Sarma potential $v(q) = {2πe^2\over κq} e^{-qlλ}$ where $l$ and $κ$ are the magnetic length and dielectric constant. Here we examine the recent data of Tracy and Eisenstein on the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation rate at filling factor $ν=\half$ deduced from resistivity measurements at temperatures as low as $45mK$. We find that their results can be satisfactorily described by this theory, if in addition to a $v(q)$ with $λ\simeq 2$, a constant disorder width $Γ\simeq 100 mK$ is incorporated.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
The Design of Diamond Compton Telescope
Creators: name: Hibino, Kinya
name: Kashiwagi, Toshisuke
name: Okuno, Shoji
name: Yajima, Kaori
name: Uchihori, Yukio
name: Kitamura, Hisashi
name: Takashima, Takeshi
name: Yokota, Mamoru
name: Yoshida, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed radiation detectors using the new synthetic diamonds. The diamond detector has an advantage for observations of "low/medium" energy gamma rays as a Compton telescope. The primary advantage of the diamond detector can reduce the photoelectric effect in the low energy range, which is background noise for tracking of the Compton recoil electron. A concept of the Diamond Compton Telescope (DCT) consists of position sensitive layers of diamond-striped detector and calorimeter layer of CdTe detector. The key part of the DCT is diamond-striped detectors with a higher positional resolution and a wider energy range from 10 keV to 10 MeV. However, the diamond-striped detector is under development. We describe the performance of prototype diamond detector and the design of a possible DCT evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science, proceeding of "The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources", Barcelona, July 4-7, 2006
Oscillations of van Hove singularities spacing induced by sub-Angstrom fluctuations of interlayer spacing in graphene superlattices
Creators: name: Zhao, Ya-Xin
name: Zhou, Xiao-Feng
name: Zhang, Yu
name: He, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical properties of two-dimensional van der Waals (vdWs) structures depend sensitively on both stacking orders and interlayer interactions. Yet, in most cases studied to date, the interlayer interaction is considered to be a static property of the vdWs structures. Here we demonstrate that applying a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tip pulse on twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) can induce sub-Angstrom fluctuations of the interlayer separation in the TBG, which are equivalent to dynamic vertical external pressure of about 10 GPa on the TBG. The sub-Angstrom fluctuations of the interlayer separation result in large oscillations of the energy separations between two van Hove singularities (VHSs) in the TBG. The period of the oscillations of the VHSs spacing is extremely long, about 500-1000 seconds, attributing to tip-induced local stress in the atomic-thick TBG. Our result provides an efficient method to tune and measure the physical properties of the vdWs structures dynamically.
description: 4 Figures in main text
Modelling livestock carrying capacity in montados - Modelação da capacidade de encabeçamento em montados
Creators: name: Joao HN PALMA
name: OLIVEIRA, Tânia Sofia
name: MORENO, Gerardo
name: DURAN, Josep CROUS
name: PAULO, Joana AMARAL
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: pasture
grazing
animal husbandry
models
Yield-SAFE
cork oak stands cork oak tree
productivity
agroforestry
tree cover
pastagens
pastoreio
criação de gado
modelos
montado
sobreiro
produtividade
sistemas agroflorestais
cobertura de árvores

description: Leaflet do projeto AGFORWARD - As primeiras impressões são, frequentemente, que a presença de árvores em sistemas pastoris irá reduzir a produção de pasto devido à competição pela água e luz. No entanto, outros efeitos na dinâmica do sistema e na disponibilidade da água podem ser benéficos para o ciclo de nutrientes e para o rendimento e a produtividade da pastagem.  A presença de árvores afeta a velocidade do vento e a temperatura, criando um microclima mais ameno devido ao ensombramento. Este microclima pode melhorar a produção de pasto e a sua disponibilidade.
Ergodic model for the expansion of spherical nanoplasmas
Creators: name: Peano, F.
name: Coppa, G.
name: Peinetti, F.
name: Mulas, R.
name: Silva, L. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the collisionless expansion of spherical nanoplasmas has been analyzed with a new ergodic model, clarifying the transition from hydrodynamic-like to Coulomb-explosion regimes, and providing accurate laws for the relevant features of the phenomenon. A complete derivation of the model is here presented. The important issue of the self-consistent initial conditions is addressed by analyzing the initial charging transient due to the electron expansion, in the approximation of immobile ions. A comparison among different kinetic models for the expansion is presented, showing that the ergodic model provides a simplified description, which retains the essential information on the electron distribution, in particular, the energy spectrum. Results are presented for a wide range of initial conditions (determined from a single dimensionless parameter), in excellent agreement with calculations from the exact Vlasov-Poisson theory, thus providing a complete and detailed characterization of all the stages of the expansion.
description: To appear on Physical Review E
Generalized Boltzmann hierarchy for massive neutrinos in cosmology
Creators: name: Nascimento, Caio Bastos de Senna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boltzmann solvers are an important tool for the computation of cosmological observables in the linear regime. In the presence of massive neutrinos, they involve solving the Boltzmann equation followed by an integration in momentum space to arrive at the desired fluid properties, a procedure which is known to be computationally slow. In this work we introduce the so-called generalized Boltzmann hierarchy (GBH) for massive neutrinos in cosmology, an alternative to the usual Boltzmann hierarchy, where the momentum dependence is integrated out leaving us with a two-parameter infinite set of ordinary differential equations. Along with the usual expansion in multipoles, there is now also an expansion in higher velocity weight integrals of the distribution function. Using a toy code, we show that the GBH produces the density contrast neutrino transfer function to a $\lesssim 0.5\%$ accuracy at both large and intermediate scales compared to the neutrino free-streaming scale, thus providing a proof-of-principle for the GBH. We comment on the implementation of the GBH in a state of the art Boltzmann solver.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures. Matching prd accepted version
Hierarchical pulmonary target nanoparticles via inhaled administration for anticancer drug delivery
Creators: name: Chen, Rui
name: Xu, Liu
name: Fan, Qin
name: Li, Man
name: Wang, Jingjing
name: Wu, Li
name: Li, Weidong
name: Duan, Jinao
name: Chen, Zhipeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Inhalation administration, compared with intravenous administration, significantly enhances chemotherapeutic drug exposure to the lung tissue and may increase the therapeutic effect for pulmonary anticancer. However, further identification of cancer cells after lung deposition of inhaled drugs is necessary to avoid side effects on normal lung tissue and to maximize drug efficacy. Moreover, as the action site of the major drug was intracellular organelles, drug target to the specific organelle is the final key for accurate drug delivery. Here, we designed a novel multifunctional nanoparticles (MNPs) for pulmonary antitumor and the material was well-designed for hierarchical target involved lung tissue target, cancer cell target, and mitochondrial target. The biodistribution in vivo determined by UHPLC–MS/MS method was employed to verify the drug concentration overwhelmingly increasing in lung tissue through inhaled administration compared with intravenous administration. Cellular uptake assay using A549 cells proved the efficient receptor-mediated cell endocytosis. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation showed the location of MNPs in cells was mitochondria. All results confirmed the intelligent material can progressively play hierarchical target functions, which could induce more cell apoptosis related to mitochondrial damage. It provides a smart and efficient nanocarrier platform for hierarchical targeting of pulmonary anticancer drug. So far, this kind of material for pulmonary mitochondrial-target has not been seen in other reports.
Dynamic rays of bounded-type entire functions
Creators: name: Rottenfußer, Günter
name: Rückert, Johannes
name: Rempe, Lasse
name: Schleicher, Dierk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F10 (primary), 30D10, 54F15, 54F20 (secondary)

description: We construct an entire function in the Eremenko-Lyubich class $\B$ whose Julia set has only bounded path-components. This answers a question of Eremenko from 1989 in the negative. On the other hand, we show that for many functions in $\B$, in particular those of finite order, every escaping point can be connected to $\infty$ by a curve of escaping points. This gives a partial positive answer to the aforementioned question of Eremenko, and answers a question of Fatou from 1926.
description: 42 pages, 9 figures. V2. General revisions and corrections. Definition of the class \B_{\log} harmonized with other papers; some results added/restated for future reference; details added in proofs of Theorem 6.3 and of Lemma A.3
The development of international students' motivation,
      self-regulation, and writing from source texts
Creators: name: Wilby, James
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2019

description: This mixed methods study was conducted over the course of a four-week EAP
      course and examined the development of L2 international students’
      motivation, self-regulation, and writing from source texts. Data regarding
      motivation and self-regulation were collected using a questionnaire at the
      beginning and end of the EAP course. Furthermore, the participants
      completed an integrated writing task at the beginning and end of the
      course and the resulting data were analysed for writing quality and use of
      sources. Interviews were conducted in the first and final weeks of the
      course. Descriptive statistics and t-tests showed motivation and
      self-regulatory strategy use to remain stable over time, except for
      self-efficacy measure which increased significantly. In addition, scores
      on the integrated writing task and use of paraphrases increased
      significantly, while use of direct quotations and percentage of borrowed
      words remained stable. Correlation analysis confirmed the strong
      inter-relationship between self-efficacy and self-regulation at both
      times. At the end of the course, mastery goals, performance goals, and
      utility value were found to be significantly correlated to essay scores.

      A number of theoretical implications are highlighted in the study. First,
      the findings indicate that there was learning transfer due to of the EAP
      instruction as the participants could apply their recently acquired
      knowledge to a test taken under timed conditions. It can therefore be
      assumed that attendance on a pre-sessional course can help students to
      develop in their cognitive processing of completing tasks that involve
      writing from sources. Second, the current research found various
      developmental trajectories for participants in terms of paraphrasing from
      source texts, Third, a model of EAP students’ motivation from Confucian
      heritage cultures is hypothesised in which achievement goals and utility
      value directly impact on writing achievement. Finally, a model of
      international students’ academic adjustment over the course of an EAP
      programme is posited that highlights the unique adjustment journey of
      novice L2 academic writers.
Tachyons with any Spin
Creators: name: Schwartz, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In earlier work we showed how to handle the Group Theoretical issue of the Little Group for spin 1/2 tachyons by introducing a special metric in the Hilbert space of one-particle states. Here that technique is extended to tachyons of any spin. Examining the bi-linear algebra of the generating matrices for spin 5/2, we find a complete basis for the Gell-Mann matrices that form the Lie algebra for SU(3). A Dirac-like equation is developed for tachyons of any integer-plus-one-half spin; and it shows multiple distinct mass eigenvalues. The primary model shows a mass spectrum (in the case of j = 5/2) that roughly mimics the known data on masses of the three neutrinos; the model can be tweaked to fit that experimental data precisely.
description: 12 pages; some new material beyond v2
Targeted liposomes
Creators: name: Loughrey, Helen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis presents an optimized and general procedure for coupling proteins to liposomes and investigates certain aspects of the interaction of liposomes with components of the circulation. The object of these studies was to develop straightforward methods for the preparation of well characterized protein-liposome conjugates which exhibit extended circulation half-lives in the blood. These favorable properties should potentiate the use of protein coupled vesicles in in vivo applications such as targeting or diagnostic protocols. A general approach for the preparation of protein-liposome conjugates was developed which employs the high affinity binding of streptavidin for biotinated proteins. Streptavidin was initially attached in a non-covalent manner (via biotin phosphatidylethanolamine) or covalently (via maleimidophenyl-butyryl phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, MPB-PE or pyridyldithio-propionyl phosphatidylethanolamine, PDP-PE) to pre-formed liposomes containing the various lipid derivatives. It was shown that the procedure based on the maleimide derivative MPB-PE, was the most efficient coupling method. Standard procedures for the preparation of MPB-PE however, were found to result in an impure product. Recently a new method for the synthesis of a pure SMPB derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine was developed (Lewis Choi, unpublished). Efficient coupling of proteins to liposomes containing low amounts of pure MPB-DPPE was achieved. Subsequently it was shown that gentle incubation with biotinated proteins results in the rapid and efficient generation of protein coupled vesicles. These retain their ability to interact with defined target celte. Aggregation of liposomes during the coupling reaction is a common consequence of the efficient coupling of protein to liposomes. A method was therefore developed for the preparation of small homogeneously sized protein-liposome conjugates by an extrusion process which does not denature the attached protein. These extruded samples exhibited extended blood circulation times and were stable for significant periods in vivo. The second part of this thesis investigated the in vitro interaction of liposomes of various lipid compositions with platelets. It was demonstrated that large liposomes (> 200 nm in diameter) containing negatively charged lipids (such as EPG) or thiol reactive lipid derivatives (such as MPB-PE) can induce aggregation of platelets in vitro. This interaction was mediated by complement. It is suggested that the formation of platelet-liposome microaggregates in vivo on intravenous administration of negatively charged liposomes, resulted in the transient thrombocytopenia observed in rats. This adhesion event may have also contributed to the rapid removal of aggregated protein-liposome conjugates (containing MPB-PE) from the circulation.
Extended Air Shower Simulations Based on EPOS
Creators: name: Werner, Klaus
name: Pierog, Tanguy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss air shower simulations based on the EPOS hadronic interaction model. A remarkable feature is the fact that the number of produced muons is considerably larger compared to other interaction models. We show that this is due to an improved treatment of baryon-antibaryon production.
description: Talk presented at EDS07
Federated Learning for Malware Detection in IoT Devices
Creators: name: Rey, Valerian
name: Sánchez, Pedro Miguel Sánchez
name: Celdrán, Alberto Huertas
name: Bovet, Gérôme
name: Jaggi, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work investigates the possibilities enabled by federated learning concerning IoT malware detection and studies security issues inherent to this new learning paradigm. In this context, a framework that uses federated learning to detect malware affecting IoT devices is presented. N-BaIoT, a dataset modeling network traffic of several real IoT devices while affected by malware, has been used to evaluate the proposed framework. Both supervised and unsupervised federated models (multi-layer perceptron and autoencoder) able to detect malware affecting seen and unseen IoT devices of N-BaIoT have been trained and evaluated. Furthermore, their performance has been compared to two traditional approaches. The first one lets each participant locally train a model using only its own data, while the second consists of making the participants share their data with a central entity in charge of training a global model. This comparison has shown that the use of more diverse and large data, as done in the federated and centralized methods, has a considerable positive impact on the model performance. Besides, the federated models, while preserving the participant's privacy, show similar results as the centralized ones. As an additional contribution and to measure the robustness of the federated approach, an adversarial setup with several malicious participants poisoning the federated model has been considered. The baseline model aggregation averaging step used in most federated learning algorithms appears highly vulnerable to different attacks, even with a single adversary. The performance of other model aggregation functions acting as countermeasures is thus evaluated under the same attack scenarios. These functions provide a significant improvement against malicious participants, but more efforts are still needed to make federated approaches robust.
(2+1)-Dimensional Quantum Gravity as the Continuum Limit of Causal Dynamical Triangulations
Creators: name: Benedetti, D.
name: Loll, R.
name: Zamponi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a non-perturbative sum over geometries in a (2+1)-dimensional quantum gravity model given in terms of Causal Dynamical Triangulations. Inspired by the concept of triangulations of product type introduced previously, we impose an additional notion of order on the discrete, causal geometries. This simplifies the combinatorial problem of counting geometries just enough to enable us to calculate the transfer matrix between boundary states labelled by the area of the spatial universe, as well as the corresponding quantum Hamiltonian of the continuum theory. This is the first time in dimension larger than two that a Hamiltonian has been derived from such a model by mainly analytical means, and opens the way for a better understanding of scaling and renormalization issues.
description: 38 pages, 13 figures
Quaternionic Kähler metrics associated to special Kähler manifolds with mutually local variations of BPS structures
Creators: name: Cortés, Vicente
name: Tulli, Iván
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C26

description: We construct a quaternionic-Kähler manifold from a conical special Kähler manifold with a certain type of mutually-local variation of BPS structures. We give global and local explicit formulas for the quaternionic-Kähler metric, and specify under which conditions it is positive-definite. Locally, the metric is a deformation of the 1-loop corrected Ferrara-Sabharval metric obtained via the supergravity c-map. The type of quaternionic-Kähler metrics we obtain are related to work in the physics literature by S. Alexandrov and S. Banerjee, where they discuss the hypermultiplet moduli space metric of type IIA string theory, with mutually local D-instanton corrections.
description: 31 pages. Typos fixed and improved presentation based on the suggestions by the referees. Final version to appear in Annales Henri Poincar\'e
Restrictions on sterile neutrino parameters from astrophysical observations
Creators: name: Ruchayskiy, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adding 3 right-handed (sterile) neutrino to the Standard Model (SM) can solve several "beyond the Standard Model" problems within one consistent framework: explain neutrino oscillations and baryon asymmetry of the Universe and provide a dark matter (DM) candidate. In this talk I will present current status of astrophysical searches for the DM sterile neutrino.
description: 3 pages. Contribution to the Proceedings of 11 Marcel Grossmann meeting
Elliptic flow of deuterons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Oh, Yongseok
name: Ko, Che Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a dynamical model based on the $NN \to dπ$, $NNN \to dN$, and $NNπ\to dπ$ reactions and measured proton and pion transverse momentum spectra and elliptic flows, we study the production of deuterons and their elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. The results are compared with those from the coalescence model. The deviation of deuteron elliptic flow from the constituent nucleon number scaling expected from the coalescence model and the comparison with the experimental data are discussed in connection to the allowed nucleon phase space in these reactions.
description: 18 pages, REVTeX, 8 figures, structure of the article was changed, to be published in Phys. Rev. C
How do NEWA and ERA5 compare for assessing offshore wind resources and wind farm siting conditions?
Creators: name: Meyer, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Poster contribution at the WindEurope Electric City Conference in Copenhagen, DK at the 23r of November 2021. The content was part of the Masterthesis of Paul Meyer at the University of applied Science in Flensburg, Germany, under supervision of Dr. Julia Gottschall and Prof. Dr. David Schlipf. The poster with a short video explaining the content can be found at the WindEurope website. Funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy under grant no. 03EE3024
Exploring the flavor content of light and heavy-light pseudoscalars
Creators: name: Moita, R. M.
name: de Melo, J. P. B. C.
name: Tsushima, K.
name: Frederico, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electroweak properties of light and charmed D and Ds pseudoscalar mesons are investigated within a unified covariant constituent quark model. The quark-antiquark-meson vertices are assumed to have a symmetric form by the exchange of quark momenta, which is successful in describing the light pseudoscalar meson properties. The flavor decomposition of the elastic electromagnetic form factors, electromagnetic charge radii, and weak decay constants are calculated. Based on the results a discussion on the SU(3) and SU(4) symmetry breaking is made and a comparison with the pion and kaon properties to highlight the Higgs contribution to the structure of these mesons.
description: 21 pages, 22 eps figures, latex PRD style, Sub. PRD (2021). To appear Phys. Rev. D (2021). All comments are welcome
Black hole induced false vacuum decay from first principles
Creators: name: Shkerin, Andrey
name: Sibiryakov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a method to calculate the rate of false vacuum decay induced by a black hole. The method uses complex tunneling solutions and consistently takes into account the structure of different quantum vacua in the black hole metric via boundary conditions. The latter are connected to the asymptotic behavior of the time-ordered Green's function in the corresponding vacua. We illustrate the technique on a two-dimensional toy model of a scalar field with inverted Liouville potential in an external background of a dilaton black hole. We analytically derive the exponential suppression of tunneling from the Boulware, Hartle-Hawking and Unruh vacua and show that they are parametrically different. The Unruh vacuum decay rate is exponentially smaller than the decay rate of the Hartle-Hawking state, though both rates become unsuppressed at high enough black hole temperature. We interpret the vanishing suppression of the Unruh vacuum decay at high temperature as an artifact of the two-dimensional model and discuss why this result can be modified in the realistic case of black holes in four dimensions.
description: 80 pages, 18 figures, v2: references added, matches the published version