cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Attitude and Perception of Local Community toward Protected Area: The Case of Senkele Swayne’s Hartebeest Sanctuary, South Eastern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mustefa Sultan1 Teyiba Amano2 Girma Mangesha2 (PhD) Abdela Gure2 (PhD)
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: The study on the attitude and perception of local community toward protected area was carried out in Senkele Swayne’s Hartebeest Sanctuary (SSHS). Primary data was collected through questionnaire survey, key informant interview, focus group discussions and direct field observations. Secondary data were collected through review of literature (activity reports, journal, articles etc). Out of the 32 rural kebeles found in the Siraro district, four kebeles surrounding the sanctuary were purposively selected for the study. Primary data collection involved 151 households for questionnaire survey, 40 discussants for Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and 12 interviewee for Key Informant Interview (KII) (10 experts from the district offices that have been interacting with SSHS in one way or another and two men recognized by the local communities as leaders (Aba Gada) according to the Oromo Gada system in the study area). The analysis of the data revealed that local community have a positive attitude toward the Sanctuary where as they have negative attitude toward sanctuary management system. Local communities have no smooth relation with SSHS staff. This is due to control of access to sanctuary particularly for grazing and the SSHS management didn’t care about the interest of the community. Therefore, if the current situation is not reversed, the Sanctuary will not sustain.
The effects of a multicultural curriculum on First Nations pride in heritage, self-esteem and rejection of the beliefs of an involuntary minorit
Creators: name: Sipsas, Joyce B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study is to determine whether a sample of First Nations high school students holds the beliefs of an involuntary minority and to determine whether a curriculum which demonstrates that First Nations people can succeed will lead to an increase in the rejection of the beliefs of an involuntary minority, and an increase in self- esteem and pride in heritage. This study is a quasi- experimental design carried out in a natural setting. One experimental group and one control group from a Lower Mainland high school participated in the study. The experimental group consisted of 10 subjects and the control group consisted of 9 subjects. The groups, which were not randomly selected, were pre- and post- tested using the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory by Battle (1981) and the Pride in Heritage Measure by Kehoe and Echols (1986). All subjects also participated in an interview, which consisted of 13 questions aimed at yielding responses indicating whether or not the subjects hold the beliefs of an involuntary minority. These interviews took place prior to, and following, the treatment. Subjects in the experimental group participated in a treatment, which consisted of a multicultural curriculum demonstrating that First Nations people can succeed. Due to the numerous threats to the design validity of the study, it is not possible to assess the efficacy of the treatment. However, pre-test measures did provide information about the measures and the sample. The self-esteem of the subjects was found to be in the intermediate range. The mean for 19 subjects was 17.7 out of a possible score of 25. Their mean on the Pride in Heritage Measure was 41.6 (n=19) out of a possible score of 48; thus, their score was high. The results of the interviews suggest that 13 subjects do hold the beliefs of an involuntary minority. Although many difficulties were encountered during the conduct of this study, it did accomplish some things. Furthermore, it may have contributed to the development of an interview schedule to determine whether or not individuals from a group known as an involuntary minority do in fact hold the beliefs attributed to an involuntary minority.
B-ETS: A Trusted Blockchain-based Emissions Trading System for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Networks
Creators: name: Nguyen, Lam Duc
name: Lewis, Amari N.
name: Leyva-Mayorga, Israel
name: Regan, Amelia
name: Popovski, Petar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Urban areas are negatively impacted by Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) and Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions. In order to achieve a cost-effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to combat climate change, the European Union (EU) introduced an Emissions Trading System (ETS) where organizations can buy or receive emission allowances as needed. The current ETS is a centralized one, consisting of a set of complex rules. It is currently administered at the organizational level and is used for fixed-point sources of pollution such as factories, power plants, and refineries. However, the current ETS cannot efficiently cope with vehicle mobility, even though vehicles are one of the primary sources of CO2 and NOx emissions. In this study, we propose a new distributed Blockchain-based emissions allowance trading system called B-ETS. This system enables transparent and trustworthy data exchange as well as trading of allowances among vehicles, relying on vehicle-to-vehicle communication. In addition, we introduce an economic incentive-based mechanism that appeals to individual drivers and leads them to modify their driving behavior in order to reduce emissions. The efficiency of the proposed system is studied through extensive simulations, showing how increased vehicle connectivity can lead to a reduction of the emissions generated from those vehicles. We demonstrate that our method can be used for full life-cycle monitoring and fuel economy reporting. This leads us to conjecture that the proposed system could lead to important behavioral changes among the drivers
description: Paper got accepted in 7th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems (VEHITS) 2021
Rotation Equivariant Feature Image Pyramid Network for Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Imagery
Creators: name: Shamsolmoali, Pourya
name: Zareapoor, Masoumeh
name: Chanussot, Jocelyn
name: Zhou, Huiyu
name: Yang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detection of objects is extremely important in various aerial vision-based applications. Over the last few years, the methods based on convolution neural networks have made substantial progress. However, because of the large variety of object scales, densities, and arbitrary orientations, the current detectors struggle with the extraction of semantically strong features for small-scale objects by a predefined convolution kernel. To address this problem, we propose the rotation equivariant feature image pyramid network (REFIPN), an image pyramid network based on rotation equivariance convolution. The proposed model adopts single-shot detector in parallel with a lightweight image pyramid module to extract representative features and generate regions of interest in an optimization approach. The proposed network extracts feature in a wide range of scales and orientations by using novel convolution filters. These features are used to generate vector fields and determine the weight and angle of the highest-scoring orientation for all spatial locations on an image. By this approach, the performance for small-sized object detection is enhanced without sacrificing the performance for large-sized object detection. The performance of the proposed model is validated on two commonly used aerial benchmarks and the results show our proposed model can achieve state-of-the-art performance with satisfactory efficiency.
Long relative clauses, extraposition minimal pair, text transcription
Creators: name: Guebeapo, Léocadie
name: Jarvis, Rebecca
name: Kapner, Julianne
name: Kouadio, Timothée
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ebr

description: Elicitation on disjunction, serial verbs, and pronominal binding. Translation of Anono name origin, attiéké, and church texts from ebr_kou_20220703.
The ethical position of the tester in education
Creators: name: Frein, Mark W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis investigates the ethical dimensions of testing in education. It provides a conception of the act of testing which takes into account the moral nature of tests and testing situations, and from that basis explores the authority of the tester. Three descriptive and critical models are used to explain the possible justifications for the establishment of tester authority: the first developed from John RawTs conception of an institution, the second developed from Annette Baier's conception of trust, and the third developed from Michel Foucault's analysis of the structure of examinations.
Weak binding between two aromatic rings: feeling the van der Waals attraction by quantum Monte Carlo methods
Creators: name: Sorella, Sandro
name: Casula, Michele
name: Rocca, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a systematic study of the weak chemical bond between two benzene molecules. We first show that it is possible to obtain a very good description of the C_2 dimer and the benzene molecule, by using pseudopotentials for the chemically inert 1s electrons, and a resonating valence bond wave function as a variational ansatz, expanded on a relatively small Gaussian basis set. We employ an improved version of the stochastic reconfiguration technique to optimize the many-body wave function, which is the starting point for highly accurate simulations based on the lattice regularized diffusion Monte Carlo (LRDMC) method. This projection technique provides a rigorous variational upper bound for the total energy, even in the presence of pseudopotentials, and allows to improve systematically the accuracy of the trial wave function, which already yields a large fraction of the dynamical and non-dynamical electron correlation. We show that the energy dispersion of two benzene molecules in the parallel displaced geometry is significantly deeper than the face-to-face configuration. However, contrary to previous studies based on post Hartree-Fock methods, the binding energy remains weak (~ 2 kcal/mol) also in this geometry, and its value is in agreement with the most accurate and recent experimental findings.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, submitted to the Journal of Chemical Physics
Disruption of Hierarchical Clustering in the Vela OB2 Complex and the Cluster Pair Collinder 135 and UBC7 with Gaia EDR3: Evidence of Supernova Quenching
Creators: name: Pang, Xiaoying
name: Yu, Zeqiu
name: Tang, Shih-Yun
name: Hong, Jongsuk
name: Yuan, Zhen
name: Pasquato, Mario
name: Kouwenhoven, M. B. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify hierarchical structures in the Vela OB2 complex and the cluster pair Collinder 135 and UBC 7 with Gaia EDR3 using the neural network machine learning algorithm StarGO. Five second-level substructures are disentangled in Vela OB2, which are referred to as Huluwa 1 (Gamma Velorum), Huluwa 2, Huluwa 3, Huluwa 4 and Huluwa 5. For the first time, Collinder 135 and UBC 7 are simultaneously identified as constituent clusters of the pair with minimal manual intervention. We propose an alternative scenario in which Huluwa 1-5 have originated from sequential star formation. The older clusters Huluwa 1-3 with an age of 10-22 Myr, generated stellar feedback to cause turbulence that fostered the formation of the younger-generation Huluwa 4-5 (7-20 Myr). A supernova explosion located inside the Vela IRAS shell quenched star formation in Huluwa 4-5 and rapidly expelled the remaining gas from the clusters. This resulted in global mass stratification across the shell, which is confirmed by the regression discontinuity method. The stellar mass in the lower rim of the shell is $0.32\pm0.14$ $\rm M_\odot$ higher than in the upper rim. Local, cluster-scale mass segregation is observed in the lowest-mass cluster Huluwa 5. Huluwa 1-5 (in Vela OB2) are experiencing significant expansion, while the cluster pair suffers from moderate expansion. The velocity dispersions suggest that all five groups (including Huluwa 1A and Huluwa 1B) in Vela OB2 and the cluster pair are supervirial and are undergoing disruption, and also that Huluwa 1A and Huluwa 1B may be a coeval young cluster pair. N-body simulations predict that Huluwa 1-5 in Vela OB2 and the cluster pair will continue to expand in the future 100 Myr and eventually dissolve.
description: 28 pages, 16 figures. Accepted to ApJ
Non-equilibrium quadratic measurement-feedback squeezing in a micromechanical resonator
Creators: name: Asano, Motoki
name: Aihara, Takuma
name: Tsuchizawa, Tai
name: Yamaguchi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement and feedback control of stochastic dynamics has been actively studied for not only stabilizing the system but also for generating additional entropy flows originating in the information flow in the feedback controller. In particular, a micromechanical system offers a great platform to investigate such non-equilibrium dynamics under measurement-feedback control owing to its precise controllability of small fluctuations. Although various types of measurement-feedback protocols have been demonstrated with linear observables (e.g., displacement and velocity), extending them to the nonlinear regime, i.e., utilizing nonlinear observables in both measurement and control, retains non-trivial phenomena in its non-equilibrium dynamics. Here, we demonstrate measurement-feedback control of a micromechanical resonator by driving the second-order nonlinearity (i.e., parametric squeezing) and directly measuring quadratic observables, which are given by the Schwinger representation of pseudo angular momentum (referred as Schwinger angular momentum). In contrast to that the parametric divergence occurs when the second-order nonlinearity is blindly driven, our measurement-feedback protocol enables us to avoid such a divergence and to achieve a strong noise reduction at the level of $-5.1\pm 0.2$ dB. This strong noise reduction originates in the effective cooling included in our measurement-feedback protocol, which is unveiled by investigating entropy production rates in a coarse-grained model. Our results open up the possibility of not only improving noise-limited sensitivity performance but also investigating entropy production in information thermodynamic machines with nonlinear measurement and feedback.
The Implementations and Challenges of Assessment Practices for Students' Learning in Public Selected Universities, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Birhanu Moges
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: This study explored the instructors’ practices of assessing students for learning in selected Ethiopian higher education institutions. Mixed method approach was employed in collecting data from 80(55 males & 25 females) instructors. Stratified and purposive sampling was used. Questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and observation were used as instruments for collecting data. For analysis frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and one-sample t-test were used. The results showed that the practices of assessment for learning were very low. Most instructors were administered test items, homework, assignment and class work, but they did not integrate other assessment methods for learning. Those challenges are found lack of resources, large class size, shortage of instructional time, inadequate support, lack of instructional materials, instructors’ negative perception, lack of knowledge and skill in assessment, and large content of courses as major factors for proper implementation of assessment for quality learning. It was concluded that instructors should pay attention to the assessment of students learning and further study need to be conducted for identifying why they were paying less attention to student assessment than lecturers. Specifically, comprehensive and relevant assessment trainings should be given for instructors on a regular basis to integrate assessment with daily instruction to improve students’ learning.
EDUCAÇÃO À LA CARTE - EXPLORANDO A ANALOGIA CULINÁRIA NA DIVERSIDADE EDUCACIONAL
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Educação superior
Analogia culinária
Diversidade acadêmica
Criatividade pedagógica
Experiências únicas
Métodos de ensino
Ambientes educacionais
Cultura e aprendizado
Jornada pessoal
Ingredientes educacionais

description: Este artigo explora a analogia entre a culinária e a educação superior, destacando a diversidade de experiências em ambas as áreas. Comparando chefs habilidosos a educadores, o texto ressalta como a combinação criativa de "ingredientes" na educação resulta em uma tapeçaria rica de experiências. Aborda a importância da diversidade de métodos de ensino, abordagens pedagógicas e ambientes educacionais na educação superior. Destaca a criatividade como elemento-chave tanto na culinária quanto na educação, transformando pratos simples em experiências memoráveis e aquisição de conhecimento em uma jornada envolvente. Analisa a contribuição dos "ingredientes" na formação da experiência acadêmica, ressaltando a importância da combinação equilibrada para um aprendizado completo. Explora a diversidade cultural na culinária e na educação, destacando como ambas celebram as diferenças e enriquecem o entendimento global. A analogia é estendida para a jornada pessoal, enfatizando a singularidade de cada caminho na vida. O artigo destaca a importância de valorizar a autenticidade e a diversidade em todas as áreas, convidando à apreciação mais profunda das escolhas e experiências que compõem a complexa trama da existência.

 

This article explores the analogy between cooking and higher education, highlighting the diversity of experiences in both areas. Comparing skilled chefs to educators, the text highlights how the creative combination of "ingredients" in education results in a rich tapestry of experiences. Addresses the importance of diversity in teaching methods, pedagogical approaches and educational environments in higher education. It highlights creativity as a key element in both cooking and education, transforming simple dishes into memorable experiences and acquiring knowledge in an engaging journey. It analyzes the contribution of the "ingredients" in the formation of the academic experience, highlighting the importance of a balanced combination for complete learning. Explores cultural diversity in cuisine and education, highlighting how both celebrate differences and enrich global understanding. The analogy is extended to the personal journey, emphasizing the uniqueness of each path in life. The article highlights the importance of valuing authenticity and diversity in all areas, inviting a deeper appreciation of the choices and experiences that make up the complex fabric of existence.
Additional file 1 of Associations between DNA methylation and BMI vary by metabolic health status: a potential link to disparate cardiovascular outcomes
Creators: name: Do, Whitney L.
name: Nguyen, Steve
name: Yao, Jie
name: Guo, Xiuqing
name: Whitsel, Eric A.
name: Demerath, Ellen
name: Rotter, Jerome I.
name: Rich, Stephen S.
name: Lange, Leslie
name: Ding, Jingzhong
name: Van Den Berg, David
name: Liu, Yongmei
name: Justice, Anne E.
name: Guan, Weihua
name: Horvath, Steve
name: Assimes, Themistocles L.
name: Bhatti, Parveen
name: Jordahl, Kristina
name: Shadyab, Aladdin
name: Valencia, Celina I.
name: Stein, Aryeh D.
name: Smith, Alicia
name: Staimez, Lisa R.
name: Conneely, Karen
name: Narayan, K. M. Venkat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental Figures 1-16. Supplemental Tables 1-6.
New test on the Einstein equivalence principle through the photon ring of black holes
Creators: name: Li, Chunlong
name: Zhao, Hongsheng
name: Cai, Yi-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein equivalence principle (EEP), as one of the foundations of general relativity, is a fundamental test of gravity theories. In this paper, we propose a new method to test the EEP of electromagnetic interactions through observations of black hole photon rings, which naturally extends the scale of Newtonian and post-Newtoian gravity where the EEP violation through a variable fine structure constant has been well constrained to that of stronger gravity. We start from a general form of Lagrangian that violates EEP, where a specific EEP violation model could be regarded as one of the cases of this Lagrangian. Within the geometrical optical approximation, we find that the dispersion relation of photons is modified: for photons moving in circular orbit, the dispersion relation simplifies, and behaves such that photons with different linear polarizations perceive different gravitational potentials. This makes the size of black hole photon ring depend on polarization. Further assuming that the EEP violation is small, we derive an approximate analytic expression for spherical black holes showing that the change in size of the photon ring is proportional to the violation parameters. We also discuss several cases of this analytic expression for specific models. Finally, we explore the effects of black hole rotation and derive a modified proportionality relation between the change in size of photon ring and the violation parameters. The numerical and analytic results show that the influence of black hole rotation on the constraints of EEP violation is relatively weak for small magnitude of EEP violation and small rotation speed of black holes.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Angiotensin‑Converting Enzyme 2 and Its Potential Protective Effect upon Heart
Creators: name: Melaku, Leta
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: To circumvent the major threats of low blood volume and low blood pressure, animals need powerful mechanisms for salt and water conservation, which is renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Activation of the RAS is, therefore, a useful response in many demanding situations. However, increased activity of the RAS, especially in combination with other cardiovascular risk factors, may lead to a cascade of deleterious effects such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial remodeling, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Although many pathophysiological actions of angiotensin (Ang) II may still be viewed as being homeostatic in principle, its over-activation can be detrimental.. Numerous experimental studies have indicated that angiotensin‑converting enzyme (ACE) 2 efficiently hydrolyzes the potent vasoconstrictor Ang II to Ang 1–7. Thus, the axis formed by ACE 2/Ang 1–7/Mas appears to represent an endogenous counterregulatory pathway within the RAS, the actions of which are in opposition to the vasoconstrictor/proliferative arm of the RAS consisting of ACE, Ang II, and AT1 receptor. Although most of the well-known cardiovascular and renal effects of RAS are attributed to ACE, an important enzyme in the generation of Ang II, much less is known about the function of ACE 2. This review summarizes the recently published data on basic properties of ACE 2 and Ang 1–7 and the evidence from experimental and clinical studies of various pathological conditions related to the biological roles of ACE 2/Ang 1–7/Mas in the heart.
Hidden magnetic frustration by quantum relaxation in anisotropic Nd-langasite
Creators: name: Simonet, Virginie
name: Ballou, Rafik
name: Robert, Julien
name: Canals, Benjamin
name: Hippert, Françoise
name: Bordet, Pierre
name: Lejay, Pascal
name: Fouquet, Peter
name: Ollivier, Jacques
name: Braithwaite, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The static and dynamic magnetic properties of the Nd$_3$Ga$_5$SiO$_{14}$ compound, which appears as the first materialization of a rare-earth kagome-type lattice, were re-examined, owing to contradictory results in the previous studies. Neutron scattering, magnetization and specific heat measurements were performed and analyzed, in particular by fully taking account of the crystal electric field effects on the Nd$^{3+}$ ions. One of the novel findings is that the peculiar temperature independent spin dynamics observed below 10 K expresses single-ion quantum processes. This would short-circuit the frustration induced cooperative dynamics, which would emerge only at very low temperature.
Modeling refractory high-entropy alloys with efficient machine-learned interatomic potentials: defects and segregation
Creators: name: Byggmästar, Jesper
name: Nordlund, Kai
name: Djurabekova, Flyura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a fast and accurate machine-learned interatomic potential for the Mo-Nb-Ta-V-W quinary system and use it to study segregation and defects in the body-centred cubic refractory high-entropy alloy MoNbTaVW. In the bulk alloy, we observe clear ordering of mainly Mo-Ta and V-W binaries at low temperatures. In damaged crystals, our simulations reveal clear segregation of vanadium, the smallest atom in the alloy, to compressed interstitial-rich regions like radiation-induced dislocation loops. Vanadium also dominates the population of single self-interstitial atoms. In contrast, due to its larger size and low surface energy, niobium segregates to spacious regions like the inner surfaces of voids. When annealing samples with supersaturated concentrations of defects, we find that in complete contrast to W, interstitial atoms in MoNbTaVW cluster to create only small ($\sim 1$ nm) experimentally invisible dislocation loops enriched by vanadium. By comparison to W, we explain this by the reduced but three-dimensional migration of interstitials, the immobility of dislocation loops, and the increased mobility of vacancies in the high-entropy alloy, which together promote defect recombination over clustering.
Semileptonic $B_c$ decays and Charmonium distribution amplitude
Creators: name: Huang, Tao
name: Zuo, Fen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the semileptonic decays of the $B_c$ meson in the Light-Cone Sum Rule (LCSR) approach. The result for each channel depends on the corresponding distribution amplitude of the final meson. For the case of $B_c$ decaying into a pseudoscalar meson, to twist-3 accuracy only the leading twist distribution amplitude (DA) is involved if we start from a chiral current. If we choose a suitable chiral current in the vector meson case, the main twist-3 contributions are also eliminated and we can consider the leading twist contribution only. The leading twist distribution amplitudes of the charmonium and other heavy mesons are given by a model approach in the reasonable way. Employing this charmonium distribution amplitude we find the cross section $σ(e^+e^-\to J/ψ+η_c)\simeq22.8 {fb}$ which is consistent with Belle and BaBar's data. Based on this model, we calculate the form factors for various $B_c$ decay modes in the corresponding regions. Extrapolating the form factors to the whole kinetic regions, we get the decay widths and branching ratios for various $B_c$ decay modes including their $τ$ modes when they are kinematically accessible.
description: Changed content partially, Added references, 16 pages,2 figures
Understanding the Incel Community on YouTube
Creators: name: Papadamou, Kostantinos
name: Zannettou, Savvas
name: Blackburn, Jeremy
name: Cristofaro, Emiliano De
name: Stringhini, Gianluca
name: Sirivianos, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: YouTube
YouTube's Recommendation Algorithm
Involuntary Celibates
Incels Community
Incel-related Videos
Manosphere
Misogyny

description: Abstract: YouTube is by far the largest host of user-generated video content worldwide. Alas, the platform also hosts inappropriate, toxic, and hateful content. One community that has often been linked to sharing and publishing hateful and misogynistic content is the so-called Involuntary Celibates (Incels), a loosely defined movement ostensibly focusing on men’s issues. In this paper, we set out to analyze the Incel community on YouTube by focusing on this community’s evolution over the last decade and understanding whether YouTube’s recommendation algorithm steers users towards Incel-related videos. We collect videos shared on Incel communities within Reddit and perform a data-driven characterization of the content posted on YouTube. Among other things, we find that the Incel community on YouTube is getting traction and that during the last decade, the number of Incel-related videos and comments rose substantially. We also find that users have a 6.3% of being suggested an Incel-related video by YouTube’s recommendation algorithm within five hops when starting from a non-Incel-related video. Overall, our findings paint an alarming picture of online radicalization: not only Incel activity is increasing over time, but platforms may also play an active role in steering users towards such extreme content.
Contributions of Protected Area for Local Community Livelihood: The Case of Senkele Swayne’s Hartebeest Sanctuary, South Eastern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mustefa Sultan1 Teyiba Amano2 Ejigu Alemayo3 (PhD)
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: The study on the contributions of protected area for local community livelihood was carried out in Senkele Swayne’s Hartebeest sanctuary (SSHS). Primary data were collected through questionnaire, Key Informant Interview (KII), Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and direct field observation. Secondary data were collected through review of literature. Out of the 32 rural kebeles found in the Siraro district, four kebeles surrounding the sanctuary were purposively selected for the study. Primary data collection involved 151 households for questionnaire survey, 40 discussants for FGD and 12 interviewees for KII. Results of survey point out there were open access resource use and illegal activities particularly illegal hunting in the Senkele area before it’s established as a Sanctuary. However, illegal hunting is very rare since the establishment of Sanctuary. It rarely happens when problem animals damage local community property or cause injury to human. The majority of sample households 41.06% were benefited a lot of resources from the sanctuary which includes fire wood, thatching the grass, grazing and collecting medicinal plants. Likewise, about 25.83% of respondents were benefited by thatching grass and grazing inside the sanctuary only. In addition, 11.92% benefited only throughout thatching grass from the area while rest few percent 3.31% privileged by collecting fire wood and livestock grazing. Currently Wildlife is facing malnutrition due to overgrazing by livestock and wildlife behavioral change is observed due to high human disturbance. Regarding to managing current destruction of the sanctuary, 27.2 % of respondents supposed that, the sanctuary could be managed through ensuring protection and conservation while 13.9%, 11.9% and 11.3% respondents stated sanctuary destruction could be managed through benefit sharing, participatory wildlife management and controlling grazing respectively. Some other 10.6% and 9.9% of the respondents said the sanctuary destruction can be managed through awareness creation and controlling illegal activities. Providing alternative means of livelihood like Ecotourism and livelihood diversification for local community is highly recommended.
Socio-Economic Determinants of the Incidence of Malaria and Correlation Between Meteorological Factors and the Occurrence of Malaria: The Case of Arsi Nagelle District, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Creators: name: ABDULSEMED KEDIR1* MUSTEFA SULTAN2 TEYIBA AMANO1 ABDELLA GURRE 1
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Climate change and variability can lead to an expansion of the areas suitable for malaria transmission, and thus increase risk of the disease. The purpose of the current study was to assess the impacts of climate variability on the incidence of malaria in Arsi Nagelle district, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia. The study was conducted in three rural kebeles, (Haadha-Boso, Kersa-Ilala and Meraro-Hawulo) which were purposively selected as representatives of lowland, midland and highland agro-ecological zones of the district respectively. Quantitative data were collected through household questionnaire survey, while qualitative data were collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussion. Secondary data such as rainfall and temperature were collected from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia; also data on the incidence of malaria cases were collected from the Health Office of the district. For the questionnaire survey, 143 rural households were randomly selected from the three rural Kebeles. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, probit regression model and Pearson’s correlation analysis. The result revealed that, an average of 65% of the respondents perceived that there has been an increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall in the district. However, there was significant difference between lowland and highland residents on the perception of the climatic variability. The analysis of the secondary data show that, monthly total rainfall was positively correlated with malaria incidence (i.e. the higher the rainfall amount is the higher the incidence of malaria) while mean monthly maximum and mean monthly minimum temperatures were negatively correlated with malaria incidence (i.e. the higher the maximum and minimum temperature will have the probability of being dryness (lower rainfall amount) hence, the lower the incidence of malaria. Educational status, perception and household income, as well as house quality, and accessibility of mosquito nets are the socio-economic determinants that influence the incidence and transmission of malaria in the study areas. Spraying houses with insecticides and the use of insecticide treated mosquito nets were the predominantly adopted preventive strategies against malaria infection practiced in the study area.
Structure and function of negative feedback loops at the interface of genetic and metabolic networks
Creators: name: Krishna, Sandeep
name: Andersson, Anna M. C.
name: Semsey, Szabolcs
name: Sneppen, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The molecular network in an organism consists of transcription/translation regulation, protein-protein interactions/modifications and a metabolic network, together forming a system that allows the cell to respond sensibly to the multiple signal molecules that exist in its environment. A key part of this overall system of molecular regulation is therefore the interface between the genetic and the metabolic network. A motif that occurs very often at this interface is a negative feedback loop used to regulate the level of the signal molecules. In this work we use mathematical models to investigate the steady state and dynamical behaviour of different negative feedback loops. We show, in particular, that feedback loops where the signal molecule does not cause the dissociation of the transcription factor from the DNA respond faster than loops where the molecule acts by sequestering transcription factors off the DNA. We use three examples, the bet, mer and lac systems in E. coli, to illustrate the behaviour of such feedback loops.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Communities’ Perceptions on the Relationship between Climate Variability and the Incidence of Malaria and Coping Strategies to Prevent Malaria Infection in Arsi Nagelle District, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Creators: name: ABDULSEMED KEDIR1* MUSTEFA SULTAN2 TEYIBA AMANO1 ABDELLA GURRE1
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Climate change and variability can lead to an expansion of the areas suitable for malaria transmission, and thus increase risk of the disease. The purpose of the current study was to examine communities’ perception on the association between climate variability and malaria incidence and coping strategies to prevent malaria infection in Arsi Nagelle district, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The study was conducted in three rural kebeles, (Haadha-Boso, Kersa-ilala and Meraro-hawilo) which were purposively selected as representatives of lowland, midland and highland agro-ecological zones of the district respectively. Quantitative data were collected through household questionnaire survey, while qualitative data were collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussion. In an effort to make this research more valid, creditable and applicable secondary sources which are important to the study were reviewed. For the questionnaire survey, 143 rural households were randomly selected from the three rural kebeles. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. An average of 65% of the respondents perceived that there has been increasing in temperature and decreasing in rainfall in the district. However, there was significant difference between lowland and highland dwellers on the perception of the climatic variability. Majority of the respondents in the lowland and midland kebeles (95.70% and 81.80%, respectively) perceived that the increasing of the temperature is causing malaria incidence in their area, while only (59.60%) of the highland household respondents had a similar attitude. Spraying houses with insecticides and the use of insecticide treated mosquito nets were the predominantly adopted preventive strategies against malaria infection practiced in the study area.
Neutrino events within muon bundles at neutrino telescopes
Creators: name: Gutiérrez, Miguel
name: Hernández-Tomé, Gerardo
name: Illana, José I.
name: Masip, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atmospheric neutrino flux includes a component from the prompt decay of charmed hadrons that becomes significant only at $E\ge 10$ TeV. At these energies, however, the diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos discovered by IceCube seems to be larger than the atmospheric one. Here we study the possibility to detect a neutrino interaction in down-going atmospheric events at km$^3$ telescopes. The neutrino signal will always appear together with a muon bundle that reveals its atmospheric origin and, generically, it implies an increase in the detector activity with the slant depth. We propose a simple algorithm that could separate these events from regular muon bundles.
description: 19 pages, version to appear in Astroparticle Physics
Spectral analysis and an area-preserving extension of a piecewise linear intermittent map
Creators: name: Miyaguchi, Tomoshige
name: Aizawa, Yoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate spectral properties of a 1-dimensional piecewise linear intermittent map, which has not only a marginal fixed point but also a singular structure suppressing injections of the orbits into neighborhoods of the marginal fixed point. We explicitly derive generalized eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Frobenius--Perron operator of the map for classes of observables and piecewise constant initial densities, and it is found that the Frobenius--Perron operator has two simple real eigenvalues 1 and $λ_d \in (-1,0)$, and a continuous spectrum on the real line $[0,1]$. From these spectral properties, we also found that this system exhibits power law decay of correlations. This analytical result is found to be in a good agreement with numerical simulations. Moreover, the system can be extended to an area-preserving invertible map defined on the unit square. This extended system is similar to the baker transformation, but does not satisfy hyperbolicity. A relation between this area-preserving map and a billiard system is also discussed.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Bayesian model checking by betting: A game-theoretic alternative to Bayesian p-values and classical Bayes factors
Creators: name: Bickel, David R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A strictly Bayesian model consists of a set of possible data distributions and a prior distribution over that set. If there are other models available, how well they predicted the data may be compared using Bayes factors. If not, a model may be checked using a Bayesian p-value such as a prior predictive p-value or a posterior predictive p-value. However, recent criticisms of ordinary p-values apply with equal force against Bayesian p-values. Many of those criticisms are overcome by e-values, martingales interpreted as the amount of evidence discrediting a null hypothesis, measured as a payoff for betting against it.

This paper proposes the use of e-values to check Bayesian models by testing their prior predictive distributions as null hypotheses. Two generally applicable methods for checking strictly Bayesian models are provided. The first method calibrates Bayesian p-values by transforming them into Bayesian e-values. The second method uses Bayes factors or their approximations as Bayesian e-values.

A robust Bayesian model, a set of strictly Bayesian models, may be checked using various functions that use the e-values of those strictly Bayesian models. Other functions measure how much the data support a Bayesian model. Relations to possibility theory are discussed.
Hubble tension vs two flows
Creators: name: Gurzadyan, V. G.
name: Stepanian, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubble tension is shown to be solvable, without any free parameter, conceptually and quantitatively, within the approach of modified weak-field General Relativity involving the cosmological constant $Λ$. That approach enables one to describe in a unified picture both the dynamics of dark matter containing galaxies and the accelerated expansion of the Universe, thus defining a {\it local} Hubble constant of a local flow and the {\it global} one. The data on the dark matter content of peculiar galaxy samples are shown to be compatible to that unified picture. Future more refined surveys of galaxy distribution, hierarchical dynamics and flows within the vicinity of the Local group and the Virgo supercluster can be decisive in revealing the possible common nature of the dark sector.
description: 9 pages, Eur. Phys. J. Plus (in press); to match the published version
Applying the Dirac equation to derive the transfer matrix for piecewise constant potentials
Creators: name: Cotaescu, Ion I.
name: Gravila, Paul
name: Paulescu, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One propose a relativistic version of the transfer matrix method for an electron moving through a given number of rectangular barriers of arbitrary shape. It is shown that starting with the Dirac equation depending on the effective mass and a suitably chosen relativistic potential, one obtains a relativistic transfer matrix which takes the correct traditional form in the non-relativistic limit.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
High power continuous laser at 461 nm based on a compact and high-efficiency frequency-doubling linear cavity
Creators: name: Feng, Chen-Hao
name: Vidal, Sébastien
name: Robert, Paul
name: Bouyer, Philippe
name: Desruelle, Bruno
name: Prevedelli, Marco
name: Boullet, Johan
name: Santarelli, Giorgio
name: Bertoldi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Watt-level continuous and single frequency blue laser at 461 nm is obtained by frequency-doubling an amplified diode laser operating at 922 nm via a LBO crystal in a resonant Fabry-Pérot cavity. We achieved a best optical conversion efficiency equal to 87\% with more than 1 W output power in the blue, and limited by the available input power. The frequency-converted beam is characterized in terms of long term power stability, residual intensity noise, and geometrical shape. The blue beam has a linewidth of the order of 1 MHz, and we used it to magneto-optically trap $^{88}$Sr atoms on the 5s$^{2}\,^{1}$S$_0$ -- 5s5p$\,^{1}$P$_1$ transition. The low-finesse, linear-cavity doubling system is very robust, maintains the lock for several days, and is compatible with a tenfold increase of the power levels which could be obtained with fully-fibered amplifiers and large mode area fibers.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Probability as a physical motive
Creators: name: Martin, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical progress in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, linking the physical principle of Maximum Entropy Production ("MEP") to the information-theoretical "MaxEnt" principle of scientific inference, together with conjectures from theoretical physics that there may be no fundamental causal laws but only probabilities for physical processes, and from evolutionary theory that biological systems expand "the adjacent possible" as rapidly as possible, all lend credence to the proposition that probability should be recognized as a fundamental physical motive. It is further proposed that spatial order and temporal order are two aspects of the same thing, and that this is the essence of the second law of thermodynamics.
description: Replaced at the request of the publisher. Minor corrections to references and to Equation 1 added.
Phonetics, text translation, relative clause head/edge
Creators: name: Doko, Jeanne
name: Koutouan, Evelyne
name: Jarvis, Rebecca
name: Kapner, Julianne
name: Kouadio, Timothée
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ebr

description: Translation of Anono name origin text (original in ebr_yap_20220706), elicitation of bilabial trills with video and mirror, relative clause head/edge elicitation.