cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First-order directional ordering transition in the three-dimensional compass model
Creators: name: Gerlach, Max H.
name: Janke, Wolfhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-temperature properties of the classical three-dimensional compass or $t_{2g}$ orbital model on simple-cubic lattices by means of comprehensive large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. Our numerical results give evidence for a directionally ordered phase that is reached via a first-order transition at the temperature $T_0 = 0.098328(3) J / k_{\mathrm{B}}$. To obtain our results we employ local and cluster update algorithms, parallel tempering and multiple histogram reweighting as well as model-specific screw-periodic boundary conditions, which help counteract severe finite-size effects.
description: 8.5 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Light Echoes From Supernova 2014J in M82
Creators: name: Crotts, Arlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia SN 2014J exploded in the nearby starburst galaxy M82 = NGC 3032, and was discovered at Earth about seven days later on 2014 January 21, reaching V maximum light around 2014 February 5. SN 2014J is the closest SN Ia in at least four decades and probably many more. Recent HST/WFC3 imaging (2014 September 5 and 2015 February 2) of M82 around SN 2014J reveals a light echo at radii of about 0.6 arcsec from the SN (corresponding to about 12 pc at the distance of M82). Likely additional light echoes reside at a smaller radii of about 0.4 arcsec. The major echo signal corresponds to echoing material about 330 pc in the foreground of SN 2014J, and tends to be bright where pre-existing nebular structure in M82 is also bright. The second, likely echo corresponds to foreground distances of 80 pc in front of the SN. Even one year after maximum light, there are indications of further echo structures appearing at smalle radii, and future observations may show how extinction in these affect detected echo farther from the SN, which will affect interpretion of details of the three-dimensional structure of this gas and dust. Given enough data we might even use these considerations to constrain the near-SN material's shadowing on distant echoing clouds, even without directly observing the foreground structure. This is in addition to echoes in the near future might also reveal circumstellar structure around SN 2014J's progenitor star from direct imaging observations and other techniques.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, ApJLet submitted. Revision includes new data and analysis which firm up conclusions
Genes, Environments, and Developmental Research: Methods for a Multi-Site Study of Early Substance Abuse
Creators: name: Copeland, William
name: van den Oord, Edwin
name: Conway, Kevin
name: Sullivan, Patrick
name: Silberg, Judy
name: Costello, E. Jane
name: Adkins, Daniel E.
name: Angold, A.
name: McClay, Joseph L.
name: Liu, Youfang
name: Patkar, Ashwin A.
name: Clark, Shaunna L.
name: Eaves, Lindon
name: Maes, Hermine H.
name: Kennedy, Martin
name: Erkanli, Alaattin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The importance of including developmental and environmental measures in genetic studies of human pathology is widely acknowledged, but few empirical studies have been published. Barriers include the need for longitudinal studies that cover relevant developmental stages and for samples large enough to deal with the challenge of testing gene–environment–development interaction. A solution to some of these problems is to bring together existing data sets that have the necessary characteristics. As part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded Gene-Environment-Development Initiative, our goal is to identify exactly which genes, which environments, and which developmental transitions together predict the development of drug use and misuse. Four data sets were used of which common characteristics include (1) general population samples, including males and females; (2) repeated measures across adolescence and young adulthood; (3) assessment of nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use and addiction; (4) measures of family and environmental risk; and (5) consent for genotyping DNA from blood or saliva. After quality controls, 2,962 individuals provided over 15,000 total observations. In the first gene–environment analyses, of alcohol misuse and stressful life events, some significant gene–environment and gene–development effects were identified. We conclude that in some circumstances, already collected data sets can be combined for gene–environment and gene–development analyses. This greatly reduces the cost and time needed for this type of research. However, care must be taken to ensure careful matching across studies and variables.
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Sibling Pairs Data
Creators: name: Harris, Kathleen Mullan
name: Halpern, Carolyn Tucker
name: Smolen, Andrew
name: Haberstick, Brett C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This article describes the design and phenotype and genotype data available for sibling pairs with varying genetic relatedness in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Add Health is a nationally representative longitudinal study of over 20,000 adolescents in the United States in 1994–1995 who have been followed for 15 years into adulthood. The Add Health design included oversamples of more than 3,000 pairs of individuals with varying genetic resemblance, ranging from monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, full siblings, half siblings, and unrelated siblings who were raised in the same household. Add Health sibling pairs are therefore nationally representative and followed longitudinally from early adolescence into adulthood with four in-home interviews during the period 1994–2009. Add Health has collected rich longitudinal social, behavioral, environmental, and biological data, as well as buccal cell DNA from all sample members, including sibling pairs. Add Health has an enlightened dissemination policy and to date has released phenotype and genotype data to more than 10,000 researchers in the scientific community.
Checking the reliability of opacity databases
Creators: name: Pain, Jean-Christophe
name: Croset, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Atomic Physics
Hot plasmas
Radiative Opacity
Opacity bounds
Rosseland mean
Benford's law
Databases
Tables
Interpolation
Convergence criteria

description: Poster presented at the 12th ICAMDATA conference, Mola di Bari, Italy, September 24-29, 2022.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Smoking Behavior across Adolescence and Young Adulthood in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development and the Transitions to Substance Abuse Follow-Up
Creators: name: Prom-Wormley, Elizabeth C.
name: Do, Elizabeth K.
name: Silberg, Judy L.
name: Miles, Donna R.
name: Eaves, Lindon J.
name: Maes, Hermine H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Little is known regarding the underlying relationship between smoking initiation and current quantity smoked during adolescence into young adulthood. It is possible that the influences of genetic and environmental factors on this relationship vary across sex and age. To investigate this further, the current study applied a common causal contingency model to data from a Virginia-based twin study to determine: (1) if the same genetic and environmental factors are contributing to smoking initiation and current quantity smoked; (2) whether the magnitude of genetic and environmental factor contributions are the same across adolescence and young adulthood; and (3) if qualitative and quantitative differences in the sources of variance between males and females exist. Study results found no qualitative or quantitative sex differences in the relationship between smoking initiation and current quantity smoked, though relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors changed across adolescence and young adulthood. More specifically, smoking initiation and current quantity smoked remain separate constructs until young adulthood, when liabilities are correlated. Smoking initiation is explained by genetic, shared, and unique environmental factors in early adolescence and by genetic and unique environmental factors in young adulthood; while current quantity smoked is explained by shared environmental and unique environmental factors until young adulthood, when genetic and unique environmental factors play a larger role.
Two Conditions for Galaxy Quenching: Compact Centres and Massive Haloes
Creators: name: Woo, Joanna
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Koo, David C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the roles of two classes of quenching mechanisms for central and satellite galaxies in the SDSS ($z<0.075$): those involving the halo and those involving the formation of a compact centre. For central galaxies with inner compactness $Σ_{\rm 1kpc} \sim 10^{9-9.4}M_{\odot} {\rm kpc}^{-2}$, the quenched fraction $f_{q}$ is strongly correlated with $Σ_{\rm 1kpc}$ with only weak halo mass $M_{\rm h}$ dependence. However, at higher and lower $Σ_{\rm 1kpc}$, sSFR is a strong function of $M_{\rm h}$ and mostly independent of $Σ_{\rm 1kpc}$. In other words, $Σ_{\rm 1kpc} \sim 10^{9-9.4} M_{\odot} {\rm kpc}^{-2}$ divides galaxies into those with high sSFR below and low sSFR above this range. In both the upper and lower regimes, increasing $M_{\rm h}$ shifts the entire sSFR distribtuion to lower sSFR without a qualitative change in shape. This is true even at fixed $M_{*}$, but varying $M_{*}$ at fixed $M_{\rm h}$ adds no quenching information. Most of the quenched centrals with $M_{\rm h} > 10^{11.8}M_{\odot}$ are dense ($Σ_{\rm 1kpc} > 10^{9}~ M_{\odot} {\rm kpc}^{-2}$), suggesting compaction-related quenching maintained by halo-related quenching. However, 21% are diffuse, indicating only halo quenching. For satellite galaxies in the outskirts of halos, quenching is a strong function of compactness and a weak function of host $M_{\rm h}$. In the inner halo, $M_{\rm h}$ dominates quenching, with $\sim 90\%$ of the satellites being quenched once $M_{\rm h} > 10^{13}M_{\odot}$. This regional effect is greatest for the least massive satellites. As demonstrated via semi-analytic modelling with simple prescriptions for quenching, the observed correlations can be explained if quenching due to central compactness is rapid while quenching due to halo mass is slow.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, MNRAS accepted
Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Alcohol Consumption Across Youth and Early Adulthood
Creators: name: Erkanli, Alaattin
name: Liu, Youfang
name: Silberg, Judy
name: Brown, Tyson H.
name: van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
name: Kennedy, Martin
name: Copeland, William E.
name: Adkins, Daniel E.
name: Horwood, L. John
name: Patkar, Ashwin A.
name: Maes, Hermine
name: Fergusson, David M.
name: Eaves, Lindon
name: Clark, Shaunna L.
name: Angold, Adrian
name: Conway, Kevin
name: Kumar, Gaurav
name: Costello, E. J.
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The public health burden of alcohol is unevenly distributed across the life course, with levels of use, abuse, and dependence increasing across adolescence and peaking in early adulthood. Here, we leverage this temporal patterning to search for common genetic variants predicting developmental trajectories of alcohol consumption. Comparable psychiatric evaluations measuring alcohol consumption were collected in three longitudinal community samples ( N = 2,126, obs = 12,166). Consumption-repeated measurements spanning adolescence and early adulthood were analyzed using linear mixed models, estimating individual consumption trajectories, which were then tested for association with Illumina 660W-Quad genotype data (866,099 SNPs after imputation and QC). Association results were combined across samples using standard meta-analysis methods. Four meta-analysis associations satisfied our pre-determined genome-wide significance criterion (FDR < 0.1) and six others met our ‘suggestive’ criterion (FDR <0.2). Genome-wide significant associations were highly biological plausible, including associations within GABA transporter 1, SLC6A1 (solute carrier family 6, member 1), and exonic hits in LOC100129340 (mitofusin-1-like). Pathway analyses elaborated single marker results, indicating significant enriched associations to intuitive biological mechanisms, including neurotransmission, xenobiotic pharmacodynamics, and nuclear hormone receptors (NHR). These findings underscore the value of combining longitudinal behavioral data and genome-wide genotype information in order to study developmental patterns and improve statistical power in genomic studies.
Local well-posedness and low Mach number limit of the compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations in critical spaces
Creators: name: Li, Fucai
name: Mu, Yanmin
name: Wang, Dehua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76W05, 76N10, 35B40

description: The local well-posedness and low Mach number limit are considered for the multi-dimensional isentropic compressible viscous magnetohydrodynamic equations in critical spaces. First the local well-posedness of solution to the viscous magnetohydrodynamic equations with large initial data is established. Then the low Mach number limit is studied for general large data and it is proved that the solution of the compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations converges to that of the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations as the Mach number tends to zero. Moreover, the convergence rates are obtained.
description: 37pages
Variants Near CCK Receptors are Associated With Electrophysiological Responses to Pre-pulse Startle Stimuli in a Mexican American Cohort
Creators: name: Schork, Nicholas J.
name: Ehlers, Cindy L.
name: Wilhelmsen, Kirk C.
name: Norden-Krichmar, Trina M.
name: Phillips, Evelyn
name: Gizer, Ian R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Neurophysiological measurements of the response to pre-pulse and startle stimuli have been suggested to represent an important endophenotype for both substance dependence and other select psychiatric disorders. We have previously shown, in young adult Mexican Americans (MA), that presentation of a short delay acoustic pre-pulse, prior to the startle stimuli can elicit a late negative component at about 400 msec (N4S), in the event-related potential (ERP), recorded from frontal cortical areas. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic factors associated with this endophenotype could be identified. The study included 420 (age 18–30 years) MA men ( n = 170), and women ( n = 250). DNA was genotyped using an Affymetrix Axiom Exome1A chip. An association analysis revealed that the CCKAR and CCKBR (cholecystokinin A and B receptor) genes each had a nearby variant that showed suggestive significance with the amplitude of the N4S component to pre-pulse stimuli. The neurotransmitter cholecystokinin ( CCK ), along with its receptors, CCKAR and CCKBR , have been previously associated with psychiatric disorders, suggesting that variants near these genes may play a role in the pre-pulse/startle response in this cohort.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED IN SILICO STRATEGY FOR THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALS AND THEIR MIXTURES ON DIFFERENT TOXICOLOGICAL OUTCOMES.
Creators: name: PALAZZOLO, LUCA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: Daily, we are exposed to a mixture of multiple chemicals via food intake, inhalation and dermal contact. The risk for health that may result from this depends on how the effects of different chemicals in the mixture combine, and whether there is any synergism or antagonism between them. The number of different combinations of chemicals in mixtures is infinite and an efficient test strategy for mixtures is lacking. Furthermore, there is social pressure to reduce animal testing, which is the current practice in safety testing of chemicals. In this context, computational biochemistry and, more in general, bioinformatics meets all the requirements, and provides the foundation for further in vitro or in vivo studies. Aim of this PhD thesis is the development of an in silico workflow able to prioritize and discriminate chemicals that act as endocrine active substances (EAS), interfere with the retinoic acid pathway during embryo development and/or may cause liver toxicity. From the observation of the molecular initiating event to the description of the adverse outcome pathway, both ligand- and structure-based approaches were integrated with systems biology. Within this framework, (Q)SAR and molecular docking results were mixed into a majority consensus score to rank chemicals and low-mode molecular dynamic simulations were used to study their intrinsic activity, with respect to a specific nuclear receptor. Moreover, a computational approach based on both the transition state and the density functional theories was used to try discriminating a subset of chemicals as inhibitors or substrates of particular enzymes involved in the retinoic acid pathway, computing also their binding free energy values. This information was also included both in the pharmaco-dynamics (PD) and in the physiological based pharmaco-kinetics (PBPK) models. This in silico pipeline, besides being faster, has economic and ethical advantages, reducing both the research costs and the number of involved animals, in agreement with the ?3R? principles (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement).
Flows and mixing in channels with misaligned superhydrophobic walls
Creators: name: Nizkaya, Tatiana V.
name: Asmolov, Evgeny S.
name: Zhou, Jiajia
name: Schmid, Friederike
name: Vinogradova, Olga I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aligned superhydrophobic surfaces with the same texture orientation reduce drag in the channel and generate secondary flows transverse to the direction of the applied pressure gradient. Here we show that a transverse shear can be easily generated by using superhydrophobic channels with misaligned textured surfaces. We propose a general theoretical approach to quantify this transverse flow by introducing the concept of an effective shear tensor. To illustrate its use, we present approximate theoretical solutions and Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulations for striped superhydrophobic channels. Our results demonstrate that the transverse shear leads to complex flow patterns, which provide a new mechanism of a passive vertical mixing at the scale of a texture period. Depending on the value of Reynolds number two different scenarios occur. At relatively low Reynolds number the flow represents a transverse shear superimposed with two co-rotating vortices. For larger Reynolds number these vortices become isolated, by suppressing fluid transport in the transverse direction.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
LA RIDUZIONE DEI MACROFAGI CD68+ TISSUTALI E LA DIMINUZIONE NELL'ESPRESSIONE MUCOSALE DI INTERLEUCHINA 17 SONO STRETTAMENTE CORRELATI CON LA RISPOSTA ENDOSCOPICA E CON LA GUARIGIONE DELLA MUCOSA A SEGUITO DI TERAPIA CON INFLIXIMAB IN PAZIENTI CON MALATTIE INFIAMMATORIE CRONICHE INTESTINALI
Creators: name: CIAFARDINI, CLORINDA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: Background: Antibodies against tumor necrosis factor represent an effective therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Despite their successful results, the exact mechanism by which infliximab suppresses intestinal inflammation is still a matter of debate. In this study, we used a translational approach to identify the key mechanisms associated with resolution of mucosal inflammation induced by infliximab. Methods: A total of 16 patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (9 with Crohn?s disease and 7 with ulcerative colitis) and 13 controls were enrolled in the study. Patients received infliximab infusions at 0, 2, and 6 weeks. At enrollment and at week 6, patients underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy, and biopsies were taken from the sigmoid colon. RNA was extracted, and mucosal expression of 96 immune-related genes was evaluated by qRT-PCR and confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy on tissue. Correlation between infliximab-induced gene expression modulation and endoscopic response to therapy was calculated. Lamina propria mononuclear cell apoptosis induced by infliximab was evaluated on tissue sections by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Results: We found that infliximab-induced downregulation of macrophage and Th17 pathway genes was significantly associated with both endoscopic response to the therapy and achievement of mucosal healing. Importantly, the observed reduction of lamina propria CD68+ macrophages was associated with an increased rate of macrophage apoptosis. Conclusions: The 2 mechanisms associated with infliximab-induced resolution of intestinal inflammation are the reduction of lamina propria infiltrating CD68+ macrophages and the downregulation of interleukin 17A. Moreover, the data suggest that infliximab-induced macrophage apoptosis may represent a key mechanism for the therapeutic success of anti?tumor necrosis factor antibodies.
Quantum network of superconducting qubits through opto-mechanical interface
Creators: name: Yin, Zhang-qi
name: Yang, W. L.
name: Sun, L.
name: Duan, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to realize quantum networking of superconducting qubits based on the opto-mechanical interface. The superconducting qubits interact with the microwave photons, which then couple to the optical photons through the opto-mechanical interface. The interface generates a quantum link between superconducting qubits and optical flying qubits with tunable pulse shapes and carrier frequencies, enabling transmission of quantum information to other superconducting or atomic qubits. We show that the scheme works under realistic experimental conditions and it also provides a way for fast initialization of the superconducting qubits under 1 K instead of 20 mK operation temperature.
description: 6.1 pages, 4 figures, accepted for PRA
Variants Near CCK Receptors are Associated With Electrophysiological Responses to Pre-pulse Startle Stimuli in a Mexican American Cohort
Creators: name: Norden-Krichmar, Trina M.
name: Wilhelmsen, Kirk C.
name: Phillips, Evelyn
name: Schork, Nicholas J.
name: Ehlers, Cindy L.
name: Gizer, Ian R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Neurophysiological measurements of the response to pre-pulse and startle stimuli have been suggested to represent an important endophenotype for both substance dependence and other select psychiatric disorders. We have previously shown, in young adult Mexican Americans (MA), that presentation of a short delay acoustic pre-pulse, prior to the startle stimuli can elicit a late negative component at about 400 msec (N4S), in the event-related potential (ERP), recorded from frontal cortical areas. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic factors associated with this endophenotype could be identified. The study included 420 (age 18–30 years) MA men ( n = 170), and women ( n = 250). DNA was genotyped using an Affymetrix Axiom Exome1A chip. An association analysis revealed that the CCKAR and CCKBR (cholecystokinin A and B receptor) genes each had a nearby variant that showed suggestive significance with the amplitude of the N4S component to pre-pulse stimuli. The neurotransmitter cholecystokinin ( CCK ), along with its receptors, CCKAR and CCKBR , have been previously associated with psychiatric disorders, suggesting that variants near these genes may play a role in the pre-pulse/startle response in this cohort.
Topological Entropy and Renormalization Group flow in 3-dimensional spherical spaces
Creators: name: Asorey, M.
name: Beneventano, C. G.
name: Cavero-Peláez, I.
name: D'Ascanio, D.
name: Santangelo, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the renormalization group (RG) flow of the temperature independent term of the entropy in the high temperature limit β/a<<1 of a massive field theory in 3-dimensional spherical spaces M_3 with constant curvature 6/a^2. For masses lower than 2π/β, this term can be identified with the free energy of the same theory on M_3 considered as a 3-dimensional Euclidean space-time. The non-extensive part of this free energy, S_hol, is generated by the holonomy of the spatial metric connection. We show that for homogeneous spherical spaces the holonomy entropy S_hol decreases monotonically when the RG scale flows to the infrared. At the conformal fixed points the values of the holonomy entropy do coincide with the genuine topological entropies recently introduced. The monotonic behavior of the RG flow leads to an inequality between the topological entropies of the conformal field theories connected by such flow, i.e. S_top^UV > S_top^IR. From a 3-dimensional viewpoint the same term arises in the 3-dimensional Euclidean effective action and has the same monotonic behavior under the RG group flow. We conjecture that such monotonic behavior is generic, which would give rise to a 3-dimensional generalization of the c-theorem, along the lines of the 2-dimensional c-theorem and the 4-dimensional a-theorem. The conjecture is related to recent formulations of the F-theorem. In particular, the holonomy entropy on lens spaces is directly related to the topological Rényi entanglement entropy on disks of 2-dimensional flat spaces.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures. Minor changes; matches published version
title: Massenmedien im Klimadiskurs
Creators: name: Adelmann, Nina Brigitte
Year: 2022

description: Vor dem Hintergrund der global relevanten Thematik des anthropogenen Klimawandels befasst sich diese Masterarbeit mit der Rolle der Massenmedien im Klimadiskurs und nimmt somit die klassischen Massenmedien – Printmedien, das Fernsehen, das Radio und Onlinemedien – in den Blick. Konkret ergründet diese qualitative Forschung, wie die Berichterstattung österreichischer Massenmedien gestaltet sein muss, um Rezipierende für den Klimaschutz zu mobilisieren. Es wird die These aufgestellt, dass die Berichterstattung folgende sieben Aspekte erfüllen muss: Einfachheit, Dramatik, Regelmäßigkeit, Storytelling, konkrete Handlungsanweisungen, Faktenbasiertheit und Zukunftsorientierung. Dabei liegen der Arbeit die Theorien des Framing, der Nachrichtenwerte und des Involvements zugrunde. Da das Ziel verfolgt wird, einen journalistischen Leitfaden zur Gestaltung rezipient*innenorientierter Klimaberichterstattung zu generieren, wurden zwölf narrative Interviews mit Laien geführt, die anschließend mittels der inhaltlich strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse (Kuckartz, 2018) ausgewertet wurden. Obgleich die Thesen weitestgehend bestätigt werden konnten, bedürfen diese eine ausführliche Erweiterung. Darüber hinaus ist die Gestaltung der Nachrichtenformate in hohem Maße von dem jeweiligen Medienformat abhängig und muss entsprechend angepasst werden.
description: Against the backdrop of the globally relevant topic of anthropogenic climate change, this master's thesis deals with the role of the mass media in the climate discourse and thus takes a look at the classic mass media – print media, television, radio and online media. Specifically, this qualitative research explores how the reporting of Austrian mass media must be designed in order to mobilize recipients for climate protection. It can be aussumed that reporting must fulfill the following seven aspects: Simplicity, drama, regularity, storytelling, clear instructions for action, fact-basedness and future orientation. The work is based on the theories of framing, news values and involvement. Since the aim is to generate a journalistic guideline for the design of recipient-oriented climate reporting, twelve narrative interviews were conducted with laypersons, which were subsequently analyzed using content-structuring qualitative content analysis (Kuckartz, 2018). Although the theses could be largely confirmed, they require extensive expansion. In addition, the design of news formats is highly dependent on the respective media format and must be adapted accordingly.
title: Cooperatives in the domestic and international trade arena
Creators: name: Adeyemo, Remi
Publisher: name: Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cooperative societies

description: In debates about globalization, the utilization of trading opportunities by Africa has always been under contention. Three principal organizations can be distinguished in the domestic and international marketing of the West African countries agricultural produce. These are the marketing Boards, marketing Cooperatives and private individuals. Although their areas of operation sometimes overlap, yet they perform definite functions which can be categorized and evaluated. The ever-increasing importance placed by West African governments on their cooperatives in solving most domestic and international marketing problems with corresponding diminishing confidence in the other organization, make it desirable to study in some details the experience and prospects of the cooperatives before and during the global meltdown. The objectives of this paper are to discuss the role of West African cooperatives in the domestic and international trade and examine strategies used by cooperatives in managing trade under the global trade crisis. The paper is thus organized in the following sequences. First attention is focused on the role of cooperatives in the marketing of produce in West Africa, an attempt then follows to explore the key agricultural trade issues. Finally, strategies adopted to cope with the decline of world prices of products and global meltdown will be examined.
Andreev-Bragg reflection from an Amperian superconductor
Creators: name: Baireuther, P.
name: Hyart, T.
name: Tarasinski, B.
name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how an electrical measurement can detect the pairing of electrons on the same side of the Fermi surface (Amperian pairing), recently proposed by Patrick Lee for the pseudogap phase of high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductors. Bragg scattering from the pair-density wave introduces odd multiples of $2k_{\rm F}$ momentum shifts when an electron incident from a normal metal is Andreev-reflected as a hole. These Andreev-Bragg reflections can be detected in a three-terminal device, containing a ballistic Y-junction between normal leads $(1,2)$ and the superconductor. The cross-conductance $dI_1/dV_2$ has the opposite sign for Amperian pairing than it has either in the normal state or for the usual BCS pairing.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures; v2 includes study of disorder and interface barrier
High accuracy FIONA–AFM hybrid imaging
Creators: name: Tessmer, I.
name: Wang, H.
name: Superfine, R.
name: Taylor, R.
name: Fronczek, D.N.
name: Quammen, C.
name: Erie, D.A.
name: Kisker, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Multi-protein complexes are ubiquitous and play essential roles in many biological mechanisms. Single molecule imaging techniques such as electron microscopy (EM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are powerful methods for characterizing the structural properties of multi-protein and multi-protein–DNA complexes. However, a significant limitation to these techniques is the ability to distinguish different proteins from one another. Here, we combine high resolution fluorescence microscopy and AFM (FIONA–AFM) to allow the identification of different proteins in such complexes. Using quantum dots as fiducial markers in addition to fluorescently labeled proteins, we are able to align fluorescence and AFM information to ≥8 nm accuracy. This accuracy is sufficient to identify individual fluorescently labeled proteins in most multi-protein complexes. We investigate the limitations of localization precision and accuracy in fluorescence and AFM images separately and their effects on the overall registration accuracy of FIONA–AFM hybrid images. This combination of the two orthogonal techniques (FIONA and AFM) opens a wide spectrum of possible applications to the study of protein interactions, because AFM can yield high resolution (5–10 nm) information about the conformational properties of multi-protein complexes and the fluorescence can indicate spatial relationships of the proteins in the complexes.
On skewon modification of light cone structure
Creators: name: Itin, Yakov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic media with generic linear response provide a rich class of Lorentz violation models. In the framework of a general covariant metric-free approach, we study electromagnetic wave propagation in these media. We define the notion of an optic tensor and present its unique canonical irreducible decomposition into the principle and skewon parts. The skewon contribution to the Minkowski vacuum is a subject that does not arise in the ordinary models of Lorentz violation based on a modified Lagrangian. We derive the covector parametrization of the skewon optic tensor and discuss its $U(1)$-gauge symmetry. We obtain several compact expressions for the contribution of the principle and skewon optic tensor to the dispersion relation. As an application of the technique proposed here, we consider the case of a generic skewon tensor contributed to a simple metric-type principle part. Our main result: Every solution of the skewon modified Minkowski dispersion relation is necessary spacelike or null. It provides an extreme violation of the Lorentz symmetry. The case of the antisymmetric skewon is studied in detail and some new special cases (electric, magnetic, and degenerate) are discovered. In the case of a skewon represented by a symmetric matrix, we observe a parametric gap that has some similarity to the Higgs model. We worked out a set of specific examples that justify the generic properties of the skewon models and demonstrate the different types of the Lorentz violation phenomena.
Robust Shot Noise Measurement for Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution
Creators: name: Kunz-Jacques, Sébastien
name: Jouguet, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a practical method to measure the shot noise in real time in Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) systems. The amount of secret key that can be extracted from the raw statistics depends strongly on this quantity since it affects in particular the computation of the excess noise (i.e. noise in excess of the shot noise) added by an eavesdropper on the quantum channel. Some powerful quantum hacking attacks relying on faking the estimated value of the shot noise to hide an intercept and resend strategy were proposed. Here, we provide experimental evidence that our method can defeat the saturation attack and the wavelength attack.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
title: To be or not to be a member of a primary co-operative in Brazil: any difference in people’s empowerment?
Creators: name: Burchi, Francesco
name: Vicari, Sara
Publisher: name: Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cooperative societies

description: In the recent years there has been an increasing interest within the academic world and in international organizations in the role of cooperatives in fighting poverty. Among the different approaches proposed, the capability approach seems to provide the most adequate conceptual framework to analyze this peculiar form of enterprise. The main reason lies in the full recognition given by this approach to participation. Participation in political/social/community life helps to achieve commonly valued results, but it is also a process, intrinsically valid because as such “empowers” people. Within genuine cooperative, the members have the right to self-determination, work together, share common interests and values, participate in decision making and finally take decisions in a “democratic” way. It follows that participation is a core element of well-functioning co-operatives. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the specific effect that being members of a co-operative has on people’s empowerment. In order to reach this objective, we have structured the paper in the following way. The second section briefly summarizes relevant acknowledgments on co-operative as a mean for fighting poverty, in a human development perspective, that is its role in enhancing basic capabilities and in contributing to community development. The third section explores more in-depth how being a member of a co-operative can impact on members’ empowerment. A definition of empowerment will be provided and impact on members’ participation in household decision making process will be explored. In fact, the specific objective of the paper is to assess whether people participating in genuine co-operatives in low-income countries are more empowered, specifically with regard to the participation in decision making process into the household. The fourth section consists in the analysis of the Brazilian primary co-operative “Coppalj” (Cooperativa de Pequenos Produtores Agroextrativistas de Lago do Junco), chosen as case-study. This section contains firstly a brief description of the socio-economic context where the co-operative acts, the description of the primary data collected by Sara Vicari in 2008, the sample and the variables used in the following empirical analysis. Special attention will be given to the selection of the sample of cooperative members and the “control group”, and to the construction of the empowerment indicators. The fifth section shows the results of several quantitative analyses aiming at investigating whether co-operative’s members are more “empowered” than non-members. Several techniques, including the “propensity score matching” and traditional econometric models, have been adopted for the purpose of comparing the empowerment of people that in the two groups similar levels of key capabilities.
Refraction Correction in 3D Transcranial Ultrasound Imaging
Creators: name: Lindsey, Brooks D.
name: Smith, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We present the first correction of refraction in three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging using an iterative approach that traces propagation paths through a two-layer planar tissue model, applying Snell’s law in 3D. This approach is applied to real-time 3D transcranial ultrasound imaging by precomputing delays offline for several skull thicknesses, allowing the user to switch between three sets of delays for phased array imaging at the push of a button. Simulations indicate that refraction correction may be expected to increase sensitivity, reduce beam steering errors, and partially restore lost spatial resolution, with the greatest improvements occurring at the largest steering angles. Distorted images of cylindrical lesions were created by imaging through an acrylic plate in a tissue-mimicking phantom. As a result of correcting for refraction, lesions were restored to 93.6% of their original diameter in the lateral direction and 98.1% of their original shape along the long axis of the cylinders. In imaging two healthy volunteers, the mean brightness increased by 8.3% and showed no spatial dependency.
Cyclic Sieving and Plethysm Coefficients
Creators: name: Rush, David B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05, 05E10, 05E18

description: A combinatorial expression for the coefficient of the Schur function $s_λ$ in the expansion of the plethysm $p_{n/d}^d \circ s_μ$ is given for all $d$ dividing $n$ for the cases in which $n=2$ or $λ$ is rectangular. In these cases, the coefficient $\langle p_{n/d}^d \circ s_μ, s_λ \rangle$ is shown to count, up to sign, the number of fixed points of an $\langle s_μ^n, s_λ \rangle$-element set under the $d^{\text{th}}$ power of an order-$n$ cyclic action. If $n=2$, the action is the Schützenberger involution on semistandard Young tableaux (also known as evacuation), and, if $λ$ is rectangular, the action is a certain power of Schützenberger and Shimozono's jeu-de-taquin promotion. This work extends results of Stembridge and Rhoades linking fixed points of the Schützenberger actions to ribbon tableaux enumeration. The conclusion for the case $n=2$ is equivalent to the domino tableaux rule of Carré and Leclerc for discriminating between the symmetric and antisymmetric parts of the square of a Schur function.
description: 28 pages, to appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
Modeling of nonlinear viscous stress in encapsulating shells of lipid-coated contrast agent microbubbles
Creators: name: Doinikov, Alexander A.
name: Haac, Jillian F.
name: Dayton, Paul A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: A general theoretical approach to the development of zero-thickness encapsulation models for contrast microbubbles is proposed. The approach describes a procedure that allows one to recast available rheological laws from the bulk form to a surface form which is used in a modified Rayleigh-Plesset equation governing the radial dynamics of a contrast microbubble. By the use of the proposed procedure, the testing of different rheological laws for encapsulation can be carried out. Challenges of existing shell models for lipid-encapsulated microbubbles, such as the dependence of shell parameters on the initial bubble radius and the “compression-only” behavior, are discussed. Analysis of the rheological behavior of lipid encapsulation is made by using experimental radius-time curves for lipid-coated microbubbles with radii in the range 1.2 – 2.5 μm. The curves were acquired for a research phospholipid-coated contrast agent insonified with a 20-cycle, 3.0 MHz, 100 kPa acoustic pulse. The fitting of the experimental data by a model which treats the shell as a viscoelastic solid gives the values of the shell surface viscosity increasing from 0.30×10-8 kg/s to 2.63×10-8 kg/s for the range of bubble radii indicated above. The shell surface elastic modulus increases from 0.054 N/m to 0.37 N/m. It is proposed that this increase may be a result of the lipid coating possessing the properties of both a shear-thinning and a strain-softening material. We hypothesize that these complicated rheological properties do not allow the existing shell models to satisfactorily describe the dynamics of lipid encapsulation. In the existing shell models, the viscous and the elastic shell terms have the linear form which assumes that the viscous and the elastic stresses acting inside the lipid shell are proportional to the shell shear rate and the shell strain, respectively, with constant coefficients of proportionality. The analysis performed in the present paper suggests that a more general, nonlinear theory may be more appropriate. It is shown that the use of the nonlinear theory for shell viscosity allows one to model the “compression-only” behavior. As an example, the results of the simulation for a 2.03- μm-radius bubble insonified with a 6-cycle, 1.8 MHz, 100 kPa acoustic pulse are given. These parameters correspond to the acoustic conditions under which the “compression-only” behavior was observed by de Jong et al. [Ultrasound Med. Biol. 33 (2007) 653–656]. It is also shown that the use of the Cross law for the modeling of the shear-thinning behavior of shell viscosity reduces the variance of experimentally estimated values of the shell viscosity and its dependence on the initial bubble radius.
A critical assessment of some inhomogeneous pressure Stephani models
Creators: name: Balcerzak, Adam
name: Dabrowski, Mariusz P.
name: Denkiewicz, Tomasz
name: Polarski, David
name: Puy, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider spherically symmetric inhomogeneous pressure Stephani universes, the center of symmetry being our location. The main feature of these models is that comoving observers do not follow geodesics. In particular, comoving perfect fluids have necessarily a radially dependent pressure. We consider a subclass of these models characterized by some inhomogeneity parameter $β$. We show that also the velocity of sound, like the (effective) equation of state parameter, of comoving perfect fluids acquire away from the origin a time and radial dependent change proportional to $β$. In order to produce a realistic universe accelerating at late times without dark energy component one must take $β< 0$. The redshift gets a modified dependence on the scale factor $a(t)$ with a relative modification of $-9\%$ peaking at $z\sim 4$ and vanishing at the big-bang and today on our past lightcone. The equation of state parameter and the speed of sound of dustlike matter (corresponding to a vanishing pressure at the center of symmetry $r=0$) behave in a similar way and away from the center of symmetry they become negative -- a property usually encountered for the dark energy component only. In order to mimic the observed late-time accelerated expansion, the matter component must significantly depart from standard dust, presumably ruling this subclass of Stephani models out as a realistic cosmology. The only way to accept these models is to keep all standard matter components of the universe including dark energy and take an inhomogeneity parameter $β$ small enough.
description: REVTEX4-1, 12 pages, 6 figures, explanatory material added, version to appear in PRD, conclusions and results unchanged
title: Cooperative law reform and the global economic crisis: how innovative public policies can guide us through market booms and busts
Creators: name: De Barbieri, Edward W.
Publisher: name: Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cooperative societies

description: The concept of regulation is seldom a priority during times of economic prosperity. It is when credit markets dry up, unemployment rises, and businesses close that the public starts to understand the need for increased regulation. For those within the cooperative movement, however, regulations, and the burdens imposed by inadequate and overreaching laws, are a constant barrier to competing with traditional companies in a market environment. Another barrier, education about the cooperative model, can often present a problem as cooperatives tend to be less well-known organizational structures.