title: Considerations about the relationship of nanomaterial´s physical-chemical properties and aquatic toxicity for the purpose of grouping
title: Considerations about the relationship of nanomaterial´s physical-chemical properties and aquatic toxicity for the purpose of grouping
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Hund-Rinke, Kerstin
name: Nickel, Carmen
name: Kühnel, Dana
Publisher: name: Umweltbundesamt
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nanomaterialien
subject: Regulierung
subject: Ökotoxikologie
subject: Klassifikation
subject: Stoffbewertung
subject: Prüfverfahren
subject: Umweltauswirkung
subject: Schadstoffverhalten
subject: Gesetzesvollzug
subject: Ökotoxizität
subject: grouping
subject: nanomaterials
subject: aquatic ecotoxicology
subject: Chemicals

description: Projektziel war die Entwicklung eines Konzeptes, um Nanomaterialien (NM) hinsichtlich ihrer Ökotoxizitat für Algen, Daphnien, und den Fischembryo zu gruppieren. Dabei wurden fünf Arbeitsschritte durchlaufen: (i) Auswahl von insgesamt 14 NM, die sich auf die Materialtypen Ag, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2, und Cu aufteilten; (ii) umfassende physikalischĄ-chemische Charakterisierung aller Materialien in Wasser und den drei Testmedien; (iii) Entwicklung von Hypothesen zur erwarteten Ökotoxizitat; (iv) ökotoxikologische Testung aller NM in den drei ausgewählten Testsystemen; (v) Erprobung verschiedener Gruppierungsänsatze auf Basis der physikalischĄ-chemischen Parameter (PCParameter), die als relevant für die aquatische Ökotoxizitat identifiziert worden waren. Als relevant wurden Morphologie, Stabilität (Ionenfreisetzung, Kristallstruktur) und die Ökotoxizitat der chemischen Verbindung identifiziert und darauf basierend ein Schema zur Gruppierung vorgeschlagen. Es ist jedoch nicht auszuschließen, dass weitere Parameter zu berücksichtigen sind. Es zeigte sich weiterhin, dass keine sinnvolle Gruppierungshypothese auf einem einzelnen PCĄ-Parameter beruhen kann. Für eine sinnvolle Gruppierung ist ein Set von Parametern notwendig. Um das vorgeschlagene Gruppierungskonzept im Hinblick auf die regulatorische Anwendung zukünftig weiterzuentwickeln sind folgende Aspekte zu berücksichtigen: (i) gezielte Berücksichtigung von Oberflächenmodifikationen, die bewusst bei dem Projekt ausgeschlossen worden waren; (ii) Ersatz des Fischembryotests aufgrund seiner geringen Sensitivität; (iii) Anpassung der Methoden zur Bestimmung der Oberflächenreaktivitat, da keine Übereinstimmung zwischen den entsprechenden Messwerten und der Ökotoxizitat ermittelt wurde; (iv) die Kinetik ausgewählter PCĄ-Parameter (Agglomerationsverhalten; ZetaĄ-Potential, Reaktivität, Löslichkeit) im Test. Ferner wird eine größere Anzahl an ECĄ-Werten benötigt, um die Aussagekraft der Statistik zu erhöhen. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
description: The project aimed at the development of a concept for the grouping of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) with regard to their ecotoxicological effects on algae, daphnids and fish embryos. The project was structured into five steps. First, fourteen nanomaterials were selected which were. Different subtypes of Ag, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2 and Cu. In a second step, their physicoĄ-chemical properties were determined in water and in all relevant test media. Based on these results hypotheses regarding the expected ecotoxicity were formulated (third step). In a fourth step, the hypotheses were verified by testing the selected NMs in three aquatic ecotoxicological tests. Finally, step five consisted of the compilation of a grouping concept based on NM physicoĄ-chemical parameters which were identified as relevant for the emergence of a toxic effect in aquatic organisms. Based on the results of the measurements and expert knowledge, morphology, stability (ion release, crystalline structure) were identified as relevant PCĄ-parameters. A grouping scheme and procedure was proposed considering these parameters and the ecotoxicity of the chemical composition itself. It was realized that it is impossible to build meaningful grouping hypotheses based on one physico-chemical parameter. Rather, sets of parameters, and probably also additional physicoĄ-chemical parameters next to those investigated in this project need to be considered. In order to further advance grouping concepts for regulatory testing, future developments with respect to research on grouping concepts should include (i) surface modifications which were excluded in the present project, (ii) the substitution of the fish embryo test which reveals to be of low sensitivity, (iii) adaptation of the methods for the determination of the reactivity as no relationship between ecotoxicity and the results of the applied methods on reactivity were observed, (iv) a detailed analysis of the kinetic of selected PCĄ-parameters during the tests such as agglomeration behavior, zetaĄ]potential, reactivity and solubility. Furthermore, (v) the number of effect values per NM and test organism has to be increased to achieve more robust datasets for statistical analyses. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
description: Based on the variety of existing nanomaterials with numerous modifications, the effort of investigating environmental fate and effects will be tremendous. Hence, it will be necessary to group nanomaterials which feature similar environmental fate and effects.  Therefore, the project objective was to correlate physical-chemical data with ecotoxicological effects for selected nanomaterials and to define reference values which can serve as a basis for grouping. The report presents the development of concepts for grouping of nanomaterials with regard to their ecotoxicological effects with focus on aquatic ecotoxicity. The project was structured into five steps. First, fourteen nanomaterials were selected according to pre-defined criteria. The selected NMs were different subtypes of Ag, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2 and Cu. In a second step, their physico-chemical properties were determined in water and in all test media. Based on the results hypotheses regarding the expected ecotoxicity were formulated (third step). In a fourth step, the hypotheses were verified by testing the selected NMs in three ecotoxicological tests (acute aquatic toxicity with algae, daphnia and fish embryo according to the ⁠OECD⁠ Test Guidelines No. 201, 202 and 236). Finally, step five consisted of the compilation of a grouping concept based on nanomaterials physico-chemical parameters which were identified as relevant for the emergence of a toxic effect in aquatic organisms.