Trogolaphysa ernesti Bellini & Cipola 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante
name: Cipola, Nikolas Gioia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Entognatha
Collembola
Paronellidae
Trogolaphysa
Trogolaphysa ernesti

description: Trogolaphysa ernesti sp. nov. Cipola & Bellini
Figs 62–87
Type material. Holotype male on slide, Brazil, Ceará State, Barbalha municipality, Geopark Araripe (07°21’59”S; 39°19’47”W), Caatinga Biome, 07.ii.2011, BC Bellini coll. Paratypes five males and two females on slides and one specimen in alcohol, same data as holotype. Type material deposited at Collembola Collection of DBEZ / UFRN.
Description. Total length (head + trunk) of holotype 2.51 mm. Habitus typical of the genus (Fig. 62). Specimens pale yellow with dark blue pigment covering distal half of Ant. I to Ant. IV, lateral Th. II–III, distal half of femora I–II to half of tibiotarsi, and medial portion of the tibiotarsus III; eyepatches black (Fig. 62). Heavily striate apically rounded scales covering Ant. I–II and basal on Ant. III, ventral and dorsal head, trunk and ventral manubrium and dens (Fig. 62). Legs and collophore without scales.
Head (Figs 62–70). Antennae shorter than body length of body, antennal ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.4–1.7: 1.07–1.29: 2–2.21, holotype 1: 1.15: 1.18: 2.07 (Fig. 62). Ant. IV annulated in distal two thirds, without apical bulb, with three subapical organites (apical larger) and at least four types of chaetae: blunt sensilla, pin sensilla, ciliate and smooth chaetae (Fig. 63). Ant. III sense organ with two rod-like sensilla and two surrounding guard sensilla (third one not seen but possible present), four long pin sensilla, at least four proximal blunt sensilla, and ciliate chaetae (Fig. 64). Anterior labral spines present, short, individualized and close to each other (Fig. 65). Four prelabral ciliated chaetae (Fig. 66). Labral formula 5 (p0–2), 5 (m0–2), 4 (a1–2), all chaetae smooth, posterior row longest (Fig. 66). Eyes 8+8, G smallest, A – F subequal, with four interocular chaetae. Dorsal chaetotaxy with 16 antennal (An), 5 anterior (A), 4 medio-ocellar (M), 4 sutural (S), 2 post-sutural (Ps), 4 postoccipital anterior (Pa), 3 postoccipital media (Pm), and 5 postoccipital posterior (Pp) chaetae; anterior and post-ocular (Pa6) bothriotricha present (Fig. 67). Ventral chaetotaxy as in Fig. 68, with ciliated chaetae of different lengths on median part and scales (not represented); one transversal row of seven posterior ciliated chaetae; cephalic groove with 2+2 anterior and 1+1 medial marginal chaetae plus 1+1 posterior (on posterior colar), medial and posterior chaetae larger than anterior ones. Labial basolateral and basomedian fields with chaetae r reduced, M1–2, E, L1–2 ciliated, A1–5 smooth (Fig. 68). Labium with five smooth proximal chaetae (Figs 68–69). Labial palp with five papillae (A–E), and with 0, 5, 0, 4, 4 guard chaetae, respectively; papilla E with lateral process (l.p.) finger-shaped with tip not reaching the papilla base; H (main hypostomal chaeta) with two accessory hypostomal chaetae (Fig. 69). Maxillary outer lobe with one apical appendage, one subapical chaetae and two sublobal appendages, all smooth, subapical chaeta the same length as apical appendage (Fig. 70).
Thorax chaetotaxy (Figs 71–72). Th. II with 1 S-microchaeta (ms), 1 anterolateral sens (al); 3 anterior (a1?– 2?, a5) excluding the anterior collar, 3 medial (m1–2, m4), and 8 posterior (p3 complex, p5-6, p6e) chaetae. Th. III with 1 anterolateral sens (al), 3 anterior (a1–2, a4), 2 medial (m1, m6), and 3 posterior (p2–3, p6) chaetae.
Abdomen chaetotaxy (Figs 73–77). Abd. I with 1 S-microchaeta (ms), 1 anterior (a6), 4 medial (m2–4, m6), and 1 posterior (p6) mic (Fig. 73). Abd. II with 1 anterosubmedial sens (as), 5 anterior (a2–3, a5–7), 3 medial (m2–3, m5), and 2 posterior (p6) chaetae (Fig. 74). Abd. III with 1 S-microchaeta (ms), 1 anterosubmedial sens (as), 6 anterior (a2–3, a5–7), 7 medial (m2–3, m5, am6, pm6, m 7i –7), and 3 posterior (p6–7) chaetae (Fig. 75). Abd. IV with 1 anterosubmedial sens (as), 1 posterior sens (ps), about 17 median sens, mac formula as 2 ‘A’ (A3, A5), 2 ‘B’ (B4–5), 1 ‘D’ (D3), 3 ‘E’ (E2–4), 3 ‘F’ (F1–3), and 1 ‘Fe’ (Fe2) (Fig. 76). Abd. V with 1 anterosubmedial sens (as) and 2 accessory sens (acc.p4–p5), 4 anterior (a1, a3, a5–6), 5 medial (m2–3, m5–5e), 4 posteroanterior (p3a–5a, p6ai–6ae), and 6 posterior (p1, p3–5, ap6–6e) chaetae (Fig. 77).
Legs (Figs 78–82). Subcoxa I with a row of two chaetae and two pseudopores (Fig. 78); subcoxa II with one anterior row of 14 chaetae, anteriorly with 22 chaetae, and posterior row with 11 chaetae and two pseudopores (Fig. 79); subcoxa III with one row of 14 chaetae, anteriorly with 30 chaetae and posteriorly with two pseudopores (Fig. 80). Trochanteral organ with approximately 49 spine-like smooth chaetae (Fig. 81). Ungues with four inner teeth, one pair basal, one unpaired median, and one minute unpaired distal; outer side with three teeth, one laterodorsal basal pair and one unpaired basal-median. Unguiculi lanceolate, with one lamella serrated, others smooth. Tenent hairs capitate with edges cover by short, delicate cilia (Fig. 82). Pretarsal chaetae (anterior and posterior) present (Fig. 82). Tibiotarsus III with a smooth inner distal chaeta, opposite to the tenent hair (Fig. 82).
Collophore (Fig. 83). Anterior side with four large ciliate distal chaetae preceded by 23 smaller ciliate chaetae; lateral flap with 9 ciliated and 3 smooth chaetae (Fig 83); posterior face with at least 50 ciliated chaetae.
Furcula (Figs 84–87). Manubrium ventral side with 1+1 distal ciliate chaetae; dorsal face with lateral rows of elongated ciliate spiniform mac, short and lanceolate ciliated chaetae and ciliate chaetae of different sizes (Fig 84); manubrial plate with six ciliate chaetae and two pseudopores (Fig. 85). Dens dorsally with one outer row of 21–27 elongated ciliate spiniform mac (holotype with 27) and one scale-like chaeta distally; inner row of 2 3–30 short striated spines (holotype with 29) and one acuminate ciliated chaeta (Fig. 86). Mucro square with four teeth, three in one dorsal row and one internal median (Fig. 87).
Etymology. The new species was named after Dr. Ernest C. Bernard, an important Collembola researcher from USA.
Distribution and habitat. The new species was found in Caatinga phytogeographic domain, Ceará state, Brazil Northeast, Good’s biogeographic zone 27 of the Neotropical Region (Good 1974). The climate of the area following the Köppen-Geiger system is "BSh" Hot steppe (Semi-arid climate), characterized by low humidity and little rainfall volume, with averages between 200 mm and 400 mm (Kottek et al. 2006). Specimens of T. ernesti sp. nov. were collected from dead leaf samples in shaded forested grounds.
Remarks. Trogolaphysa ernesti sp. nov. resembles T. quisqueyana Soto-Adames, Jordana & Baquero, 2014 from Dominican Republic by 8+8 eyes, labial basomedian field with chaetae M1 and M2 ciliated, maxillary and sublobal chaetotaxy, dorsal head with 6 mac (A0, A2–3, M2, S3, S5), Th. II with 6 mac in p3 complex, Th. III and Abd. I without mac, Abd. IV with 4 inner mac (A3, A5, B4–5), shape empodium, and mucro with 4 teeth (Soto- Adames et al. 2014, Soto-Adames 2015). However, the new species differ in: lack of pigmentation on mouth cone and abdomen IV (present in T. quisqueyana), Ant. IV annulated (simple in T. quisqueyana), trochanteral organ with 49 spine-like chaetae (28 in T. quisqueyana), collophore anterior side with 4+4 distal mac (2+ 2 in T. quisqueyana), and dens inner row with 23–30 ciliate spines and outer row with 21–27 spines, while in T. quisqueyana there are 35–42 inner and 25–28 outer spines. In addition, the dorsal chaetotaxy of the new species differs by Abd. III with p7 mac present (possibly absent in T. quisqueyana) and Abd. IV with 10 posterior chaetae (12–14 in T. quisqueyana). Trogolaphysa ernesti sp. nov. also resembles superficially T. hirtipes (Handschin, 1924) from Southern Brazil, by reduced color pattern, Ant. IV annulated, and mucro with 4 teeth, but it is distinguished by unguiculi with one lamella serrated (all smooth in T. hirtipes) and dens with two rows of spines (one in T. hirtipes).
description: Published as part of Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante & Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, 2017, The Neotropical genera of Paronellinae (Collembola, Entomobryoidea, Paronellidae) with description of two new species and redescription of Campylothorax mitrai, pp. 151-179 in Zootaxa 4300 (2) on pages 170-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/838040