cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Das CAPM mit deutscher Einkommensteuer
Creators: name: Jonas, Martin
name: Löffler, Andreas
name: Wiese, Jörg
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Unternehmensbewertung
subject: CAPM
subject: Einkommensteuer
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::332 Finanzwirtschaft

description: Die Erfassung persönlicher Steuern in der Unternehmensbewertung ist seit jeher strittig. Zwar besteht Einigkeit darüber, dass sie grundsätzlich nicht unternehmenswertneutral sind und daher in den Kalkül integriert werden müssen. Dies folgt unmittelbar als Umkehrschluss aus engen Irrelevanzbedingungen. Unterschiedliche Auffassungen bestehen indes darüber, wie Steuern in einer Welt unsicherer Erwartungen adäquat in den Unternehmensbewertungskalkül zu integrieren sind. In jüngerer Zeit verweist die Literatur vermehrt auf das von Brennan entwickelte Nachsteuer-CAPM. Hintergrund dessen ist unter anderem, dass dieses Modell differenzierte Steuersätze auf unterschiedliche Einkünfte aus Kapitalmarktanlagen erfasst und damit seit Einführung des Halbeinkünfteverfahrens auch für das deutsche Steuersystem als geeignet erscheint. Es ist nicht Anliegen dieses Beitrags, das deutsche Steuersystem in seinen Feinheiten im Modell abzubilden. Insbesondere bleiben Progressionseffekte vereinfachend außer Acht. Brennan zeigt, dass unter gewissen Prämissen auch auf einem durch individuelle persönliche Steuern beeinflussten Kapitalmarkt ein Gleichgewicht und damit eine Marktrisikoprämie existiert. Ergebnis des Brennanschen CAPM ist jene Bruttorendite, welche die Investoren im Umfeld differenzierter Besteuerung von Kursgewinnen, Zinsen und Dividenden fordern. Hinsichtlich der Ermittlung von Nettorenditen führt das Brennanschen CAPM zu einem Dilemma. Es zeigt zwar auf, dass persönliche Steuern relevant sind und die beobachtbaren Preise und Renditen beeinflussen. Es zeigt aber auch, dass aus beobachtbaren Bruttorenditen nicht ohne Inkaufnahme weiterer Prämissen Nettorenditen abgeleitet werden können, weil dazu die Grenznutzen, Grenzsteuern und Erstausstattungen der Marktteilnehmer bekannt sein müssten. In der Bewertungspraxis hat das Brennansche CAPM daher keine breite Anwendung gefunden. Vielmehr ist es international üblich, das geschilderte Problem zu ignorieren und Bewertungen ohne Berücksichtigung persönlicher Steuern durchzuführen. Nach dem Bewertungsstandard IDW S1 werden persönliche Steuern zwar berücksichtigt, doch erfolgt diese Berücksichtigung bislang durch einen pauschalen Abzug, für den es keine theoretische Basis gibt, und der zu Verzerrungen und Verwerfungen führt. Die Arbeit ist wie folgt aufgebaut: In Abschnitt 2 werden die Annahmen des Modells diskutiert und Bedingungen für ein Kapitalmarkt-Gleichgewicht unter Berücksichtigung von Steuern formuliert. Darauf aufbauend wird in Kapitel 3 die Kapitalmarktlinie mit Steuern für den Fall investorenspezifischer und einheitlicher differenzierter Steuersätze abgeleitet. Der Beitrag schließt mit zusammenfassenden Thesen.
Superconducting Praseodymium Superhydrides
Creators: name: Zhou, Di
name: Semenok, Dmitrii
name: Duan, Defang
name: Xie, Hui
name: Huang, Xiaoli
name: Chen, Wuhao
name: Li, Xin
name: Liu, Bingbing
name: Oganov, Artem R.
name: Cui, Tian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superhydrides have complex hydrogenic sublattices and are important prototypes for studying metallic hydrogen and high-temperature superconductors. Encouraged by the results on LaH10, in consideration of the differences between La and Pr, Pr-H system is especially worth studying because of the magnetism and valence-band f-electrons in element Pr. Here we successfully synthesized praseodymium superhydrides (PrH9) in laser-heated diamond anvil cells. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated the presence of previously predicted F43m-PrH9 and unexpected P63/mmc-PrH9 phases. Moreover, Fm3m-PrH3, P4/nmm-PrH(3-δ) and Fm3m-PrH(1+x) were found below 52 GPa. F43m-PrH9 and P63/mmc-PrH9 were stable above 100 GPa in experiment. Experimental studies of electrical resistance in the PrH9 sample showed the emergence of superconducting transition (Tc) below 9K and a dependent Tc on applied magnetic field. Theoretical calculations indicate that magnetic order and electron-phonon interaction coexist in a very close range of pressures in the PrH9 sample which may contribute to its low superconducting temperature Tc. Our results highlight the intimate connections among hydrogenic sublattices, density of states, magnetism and superconductivity in Pr-based superhydrides.
Additional file 2 of Single-cell multi-omics profiling links dynamic DNA methylation to cell fate decisions during mouse early organogenesis
Creators: name: Clark, Stephen J.
name: Argelaguet, Ricard
name: Lohoff, Tim
name: Krueger, Felix
name: Drage, Deborah
name: Göttgens, Berthold
name: Marioni, John C.
name: Nichols, Jennifer
name: Reik, Wolf
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Review history.
Ergodicity of hard spheres in a box
Creators: name: Simanyi, Nandor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the system of two hard balls in a $ν$-dimensional ($ν\ge2$) rectangular box is ergodic and, therefore, actually it is a Bernoulli flow.
Beginning mathematics teachers from alternative certification programs :  their success in the classroom and how they achieved it
Creators: Ham, Edward
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Mathematics--Study and teaching

description: This dissertation focuses on beginning mathematics teachers from alternative certification programs and their perceptions of what is required to be successful.  A mixed - methods research study was completed with several goals in mind: (1) identifying how beginning mathematics teachers define success in the classroom during their earliest years, (2) identifying what important factors, attributes, or experiences helped them achieve this success, and (3) determining where these beginning mathematics teachers learned the necessary attributes, or experiences to become successful in the classroom.  A sample of beginning mathematics teachers (n = 28) was selected from an alternative certification program in California for a quantitative survey.  A subsample of teachers (n = 7) was then selected to participate further in a qualitative semi-structured interview. The results of the study revealed that beginning teachers defined success in their beginning years by their classroom learning environment, creating and implementing engaging lessons, and a belief in their own ability to grow professionally as educators.  Mathematics content knowledge, classroom management, collaboration with colleagues and coaches, reflection, a belief in one's ability to grow professionally as a teacher, a belief in the ability to have a positive impact on students, personality, and previous leadership experiences were several of the factors, attributes, or experiences identified as most important by the participating teachers.  The participating teachers also felt that before and after, but not during, their teacher preparation program were the stages of teacher development that best instilled the necessary factors, attributes, or experiences to become successful in a mathematics classroom.
Hot air treatment inhibits chilling injury in peaches by regulating metabolism of sugar and organic acid
Creators: name: Zhou, Dandan
name: Li, Rui
name: Liu, Yingxian
name: Zhao, Nan
name: Tu, Kang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Hot air (HA) treatment has been demonstrated to control chilling injury (CI) in peaches effectively, however, little is known about the effects of HA on the changes of sugar and organic acid. In order to explore the relationship among CI susceptibility, soluble sugar and organic acid metabolism, peach fruit (Prunus persica) were treated with HA (40°C, 4 h) and then stored at 1°C for 35 days plus 3 days at 20°C. Results showed that HA avoided or decreased the development of CI symptoms and maintained a better quality of peaches. HA suppressed sucrose degradation by inhibiting expression of invertase as well as enhancing the relative expressions of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase. The low degradation of sucrose contributed to low contents of glucose and fructose in the treated groups. Besides, HA significantly increased contents of citric and malic acids during the whole storage by enhancing the expressions of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase, but inhibiting malate synthase. These results suggest that HA suppressed chilling injury by regulating sucrose degradation and organic acid metabolism. The high contents of sucrose, citric and malic acids contributed to enhancement of CI tolerance in peaches.
title: Deep Drainage and Leaching of Salts, Nutrients and Organochlorine Pesticides in Irrigated Vertosols
Creators: name: Weaver, Timothy Bruce
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Vertosols, Lower Namoi Valley, New South Wales
subject: Australian Cotton Research Institute (ACRI)
subject: Deep drainage
subject: Organochlorine pesticides
subject: Cotton farming, Environmental aspects
subject: Soil leaching

description: In the past, it was widely assumed that deep drainage and the resultant movement of salts, nutrients and organochlorine pesticides was negligible in Vertosols (self-mulching grey and brown clays, and black earths) of the Lower Namoi Valley, New South Wales, Australia. Recent research however has shown that in fact deep drainage does occur. The main concern, therefore, is their movement beyond the reach of crop roots. Groundwater systems in the Lower Namoi Valley have been reported to be declining, suggesting that deep drainage is not reaching groundwater. Accumulation of salts, nutrients and organochlorine pesticides (OCP’s) may, therefore, be occurring below the root zone in particular regions of the Lower Namoi Valley. The objective of this study was to estimate deep drainage using chloride mass balance models and quantify the salt, nutrient and OCP movement under selected management systems in irrigated Vertosols sown with cotton. Four experimental sites were established to study deep drainage and the movement of salts, nutrients and OCP’s in irrigated Vertosols; one at the Australian Cotton Research Institute (ACRI) Myall Vale, another near Wee Waa, a third at Merah North, which has a sodic sub-soil, and a fourth near Narrabri, which is irrigated with treated sewage effluent.
There are only finitely many 3-superbridge knots
Creators: name: Jeon, Choon Bae
name: Jin, Gyo Taek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: Although there are infinitely many knots with superbridge index n for every even integer n>2, there are only finitely many knots with superbridge index 3.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Behavioral and neural selectivity for acoustic signatures of vocalizations
Creators: So, Lam Tsz Nina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Bioacoustics
subject: Sound production by animals
subject: Neuropsychology
subject: Auditory perception

description: Vocal communication relies on the ability of listeners to identify, process, and respond to vocal sounds produced by others in complex environments. In order to accurately recognize these signals, animals’ auditory systems must robustly represent acoustic features that distinguish vocal sounds from other environmental sounds. In this dissertation, I describe experiments combining acoustic, behavioral, and neurophysiological approaches to identify behaviorally relevant vocalization features and understand how they are represented in the brain. First, I show that vocal responses to communication sounds in songbirds depend on the presence of specific spectral signatures of vocalizations. Second, I identify an anatomically localized neural population in the auditory cortex that shows selective responses for behaviorally relevant sounds. Third, I show that these neurons’ spectral selectivity is robust to acoustic context, indicating that they could function as spectral signature detectors in a variety of listening conditions. Last, I deconstruct neural selectivity for behaviorally relevant sounds and show that it is driven by a sensitivity to deep fluctuations in power along the sound frequency spectrum. Together, these results show that the processing of behaviorally relevant spectral features engages a specialized neural population in the auditory cortex, and elucidate an acoustic driver of vocalization selectivity.
Validation of Approximate Likelihood and Emulator Models for Computationally Intensive Simulations
Creators: name: Dalmasso, Niccolò
name: Lee, Ann B.
name: Izbicki, Rafael
name: Pospisil, Taylor
name: Kim, Ilmun
name: Lin, Chieh-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complex phenomena in engineering and the sciences are often modeled with computationally intensive feed-forward simulations for which a tractable analytic likelihood does not exist. In these cases, it is sometimes necessary to estimate an approximate likelihood or fit a fast emulator model for efficient statistical inference; such surrogate models include Gaussian synthetic likelihoods and more recently neural density estimators such as autoregressive models and normalizing flows. To date, however, there is no consistent way of quantifying the quality of such a fit. Here we propose a statistical framework that can distinguish any arbitrary misspecified model from the target likelihood, and that in addition can identify with statistical confidence the regions of parameter as well as feature space where the fit is inadequate. Our validation method applies to settings where simulations are extremely costly and generated in batches or "ensembles" at fixed locations in parameter space. At the heart of our approach is a two-sample test that quantifies the quality of the fit at fixed parameter values, and a global test that assesses goodness-of-fit across simulation parameters. While our general framework can incorporate any test statistic or distance metric, we specifically argue for a new two-sample test that can leverage any regression method to attain high power and provide diagnostics in complex data settings.
description: 22 pages, 9 Figures, 2 Tables
TYUTORLIK FAOLIYATINI TASHKIL ETISHDA PSIXOLOGIK-ANALITIK METOD VA VOSITALAR.
Creators: name: Muxammadjonova Madinabonu Isroiljon qizi, FarDU Pedagogika nazariyasi va tarixi mutaxassisligi 1-kurs magistranti
name: O'rinova Nilufar Muhammadovna, FarDU professori, pedagogika fanlari nomzodi, dotsent
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur maqola orqali tyutorlik faoliyati rivoji, bu jarayonni tashkil etishda foydalaniladigan metod va texnikalar yoritilgan bo’lib, ushbu ma’lumotlar tyutorlar va bo’lajak tyutorlar uchun ish faoliyatini mazmunli olib borish, talabalar bilan guruhda oson ishlash ko’nikmalarini shakllantirishga yordam beradi.
Field dependent permittivity of composite materials containing ferromagnetic wires
Creators: name: Makhnovskiy, D. P.
name: Panina, L. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective permittivity of composites containing ferromagnetic microwires has been analysed within a one-particle approximation, by considering a wire piece as an independent scatterer and solving the scattering problem with the impedance boundary condition. A new integro-differential equation for the current distribution in a wire is obtained, which is valid for the surface impedance matrix of a general form. In the vicinity of the antenna resonance, the dispersion behaviour of the effective permittivity can depend strongly on a dc external magnetic field applied to the whole composite sample, experiencing a transformation from a resonant spectrum to a relaxation one. If the resonance-like dispersion behaviour is realised, the real part of the effective permittivity can be made negative past the resonance for sufficiently small wire-inclusion concentrations (well below the percolation threshold). Applying a dc external magnetic field, the negative peak of the real part of effective permittivity continuously decreases as the dispersion tends to become of a relaxation type. The magnetic field required to cause these changes in the effective permittivity is of the order of the anisotropy field, that is, in the range of few Oe for Co-based microwires. The field dependence of the effective permittivity arises from a high sensitivity of the ac surface impedance of a ferromagnetic wire to a magnetic field (known as the magneto-impedance (MI) effect). This work demonstrates a possibility of using the MI effect to design field-controlled composites and band-gap structures. Another range of applications is related to tuneable waveguides where the composite material is used as an additional field-dependent cover.
description: Accepted to J. Appl. Phys., the April 15, issue 2003
A pseudo-spectral splitting method for linear dispersive problems with transparent boundary conditions
Creators: name: Einkemmer, Lukas
name: Ostermann, Alexander
name: Residori, Mirko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The goal of the present work is to solve a linear dispersive equation with variable coefficient advection on an unbounded domain. In this setting, transparent boundary conditions are vital to allow waves to leave (or even re-enter) the, necessarily finite, computational domain. To obtain an efficient numerical scheme we discretize space using a spectral method. This allows us to drastically reduce the number of grid points required for a given accuracy. Applying a fully implicit time integrator, however, would require us to invert full matrices. This is addressed by performing an operator splitting scheme and only treating the third order differential operator, stemming from the dispersive part, implicitly; this approach can also be interpreted as an implicit-explicit scheme. However, the fact that the transparent boundary conditions are non-homogeneous and depend implicitly on the numerical solution presents a significant obstacle for the splitting/pseudo-spectral approach investigated here. We show how to overcome these difficulties and demonstrate the proposed numerical scheme by performing a number of numerical simulations.
Behavioral and neural bases of emotion regulation in childhood and adolescence
Creators: Silvers, Jennifer Ashley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Developmental psychology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: While much research has suggested that emotional experiences change dramatically over the lifespan, less is known about what underlies these changes at a mechanistic level. Specifically, it is unclear whether age predicts differences in bottom-up reactivity to emotional events, or in the ability to exert top-down control over emotional responses. The present studies sought to address these gaps in the literature. Studies 1 and 2 compared the behavioral and neural correlates, respectively, of emotional reactivity to and regulation of emotional responses to social and non-social aversive stimuli in individuals aged 10-22. Study 1 additionally examined the interaction between individual differences in sensitivity to social rejection and age and how this impacts regulation of emotional responses to social stimuli. Across these studies, age predicted differences in neural and behavioral correlates of regulation but not reactivity. Study 3 broadened the sample age range to include children as young as 6 years and obtained results that were generally consistent with those of Studies 1-2. Study 4 examined the generalizability of the findings from Studies 1-3 by examining reactivity and regulation of appetitive, rather than aversive, responses in participants ranging from 6-22 years. Behavioral indices of reactivity and regulation correlated with age in Study 4, but neural effects of age were only found for regulation. Data from Study 4 additionally suggested links between the neural correlates of regulation of craving and body mass index.
Non-linear Nernst effect in bilayer WTe$_2$
Creators: name: Zeng, Chuanchang
name: Nandy, Snehasish
name: Taraphder, A.
name: Tewari, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unlike the conventional (linear) anomalous Nernst effect, the non-linear anomalous Nernst effect (NLANE) can survive in an inversion symmetry broken system even in the presence of time-reversal symmetry. Using semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, we derive the general expression of the non-linear anomalous Nernst coefficient as the second-order response function to the applied temperature gradient. We find that the non-linear Nernst current, which flows perpendicular to the temperature gradient even in the absence of a magnetic field, arises due to the Berry curvature of the states near the Fermi surface, and thus is associated with purely a Fermi surface contribution. We apply these results to bilayer WTe$_2$, which is an inversion broken but time reversal symmetric type-II Weyl semimetal supporting chiral Weyl fermions. By tuning the spin-orbit coupling, we show that the sign of the NLANE can change in this system. Together with the angular dependence, we calculate the temperature and chemical potential dependencies of NLANE in bilayer WTe$_2$, and predict specific experimental signatures that can be checked in experiments.
description: PRB accepted version
Altered expression of epigenetic regulators and imprinted genes in human placenta and fetal tissues from second trimester spontaneous pregnancy losses
Creators: name: Vasconcelos, Sara
name: Ramalho, Carla
name: C. Joana Marques
name: Doria, Sofia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Epigenetic mechanisms such as genomic imprinting have a fundamental role in embryo and fetal development. Hence, we here studied expression levels of epigenetic modifiers and imprinted genes in cases of ididopathic spontaneous abortion (SA). Thirty-five placental samples and 35 matched fetal tissues from second trimester SA were analysed; including 16 controls (placental and fetal infections as the known cause of spontaneous abortion) and 19 idiopathic SA cases. Transcript levels of epigenetic regulators and imprinted genes were measured by qRT-PCR and methylation at imprinted genes was studied by bisulfite genomic sequencing and MS-MLPA. Global DNA hydroxymethylation (5-hmC) levels were measured by an ELISA-based assay. We observed an upregulation of TET2 and TET3 in placental samples from idiopathic SA cases; however, no significant difference in global 5-hmC levels was observed. On the contrary, in fetal tissues, TET3 was markedly downregulated in idiopathic SA, showing an opposite trend to that observed in placental tissue. IGF2 and CDKN1C were upregulated and MEST downregulated in placentas from idiopathic SA cases; concordantly, IGF2 was also upregulated in fetal tissues from idiopathic SA cases. Although not reaching statistical significance, an increase in methylation levels of MEST, KvDMR1 and H19 DMRs was observed in idiopathic SA cases, concordantly with the observed changes in expression. Our study reveals, for the first time, deregulation of epigenetic modifiers and imprinted genes in both placental and fetal tissues from idiopathic SA cases in the second trimester of pregnancy, indicating a critical role during pregnancy.
Osterwalder-Schrader axioms - Wightman Axioms
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Palle E. T.
name: Ólafsson, Gestur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mathematical axiom systems for quantum field theory grew out of Hilbert's sixth problem, that of stating the problems of quantum theory in precise mathematical terms. There have been several competing mathematical systems of axioms, and here we shall deal with those of A.S. Wightman and of K. Osterwalder and R. Schrader, stated in historical order. They are centered around group symmetry, relative to unitary representations of Lie groups in Hilbert space. We also mention how the Osterwalder--Schrader axioms have influenced the theory of unitary representations of groups.
description: Encyclopedia article
Behavioral consequences of increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Creators: Hill, Alexis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Developmental neurobiology
subject: Cognition disorders--Treatment
subject: Hippocampus (Brain)
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The hippocampus is a brain structure involved in memory as well as anxiety and depression-related behavior. One unique property of the hippocampus is that adult neurogenesis occurs in this region. Rodent studies in which adult hippocampal neurogenesis is ablated have shown a role for this process in the cognitive domain, specifically in pattern separation tasks, as well as in mediating the behavioral effects of antidepressants. These studies have furnished the intriguing hypothesis that increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis may improve these functions and therefore serve as a target for novel treatments for cognitive impairments as well as depression and anxiety disorders. Here, we use both genetic and pharmacological models to increase adult neurogenesis in mice. Under baseline conditions, we find that increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to improve performance in a fear-based pattern separation task, but has no effect on exploratory, anxiety or depression-related behavior. In mice exposed to voluntary exercise, increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis increases exploration, without affecting anxiety or depression-related behavior. Finally, in mice treated with chronic corticosterone, a model of anxiety and depression, increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to prevent the behavioral effect of CORT on anxiety and depression-related behavior. Here, we therefore describe dissociations between the effects of increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis under baseline, voluntary exercise and chronic stress conditions. Together, our results suggest that increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis has therapeutic potential for both cognitive, and anxiety and depression-related disorders.
Effect of volumetric energy density on microstructure and tribological properties of FeCoNiCuAl high-entropy alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion
Creators: name: Ren, Yaojia
name: Liang, Luxin
name: Shan, Quan
name: Cai, Anhui
name: Du, Jingguang
name: Huang, Qianli
name: Liu, Shifeng
name: Yang, Xin
name: Tian, Yingtao
name: Wu, Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: A near-equiatomic FeCoNiCuAl High-entropy alloy (HEA) was produced using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) pre-alloy powder. Microstructural characteristics and tribological properties of L-PBF specimens under various volumetric energy densities (VEDs) were investigated in detail. The results showed that the phase of L-PBF specimen consisted of BCC matrix + Cu-rich B2 precipitate. The microstructure of L-PBF specimen largely consisted of columnar grains perpendicular to the melt pool boundary (MPB) direction owing to the epitaxial growth along the temperature gradient. The preferred orientation of the L-PBF specimen was gradually transformed from the order of <001> to <101> as the VED rose. Larger size precipitates re-appeared and wider MPB were formed upon faster remelting and steeper cooling as a result of higher VED. Compared to the components produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS), L-PBF specimens presented better wear resistance owing to the ultra-fine substructure and nano-scaled precipitates. In addition, the L-PBF specimen produced with 83 J/mm3 VED exhibits the highest elastic strain to failure (H/Er) and yield stress (H2/Er3).
The periodic points of renormalization
Creators: name: Martens, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It will be shown that the renormalization operator, acting on the space of smooth unimodal maps with critical exponent greater than 1, has periodic points of any combinatorial type.
Generalized patterns from local and non local reactions
Creators: name: Cencetti, Giulia
name: Battiston, Federico
name: Carletti, Timoteo
name: Fanelli, Duccio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of systems is considered, where immobile species associated to distinct patches, the nodes of a network, interact both locally and at a long-range, as specified by an (interaction) adjacency matrix. Non local interactions are treated in a mean-field setting which enables the system to reach a homogeneous consensus state, either constant or time dependent. We provide analytical evidence that such homogeneous solution can turn unstable under externally imposed disturbances, following a symmetry breaking mechanism which anticipates the subsequent outbreak of the patterns. The onset of the instability can be traced back, via a linear stability analysis, to a dispersion relation that is shaped by the spectrum of an unconventional reactive Laplacian. The proposed mechanism prescinds from the classical Local Activation and Lateral Inhibition scheme, which sits at the core of the Turing recipe for diffusion driven instabilities. Examples of systems displaying a fixed-point or a limit cycle, in their uncoupled versions, are discussed. Taken together, our results pave the way for alternative mechanisms of pattern formation, opening new possibilities for modeling ecological, chemical and physical interacting systems.
Catadelphops Heinrich 1962
Creators: name: Sime, Karen R.
name: Wahl, David B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Catadelphops

description: CATADELPHOPS HEINRICH, 1962
 Catadelphops Heinrich, 1962: 863. Type-species: Trogus buccatus Cresson. Monotypic and original designation.
 Neamblyjoppa Heinrich, 1962: 865. Type-species: Neamblyjoppa nasuta Heinrich. Monotypic and original designation. Syn. n.
 Species and distribution. There are two described species from western North America (Yu & Horstmann 1997).
 Autapomorphies. Ventral mandibular tooth absent (#12–2); median longitudinal carina of propodeum absent posteriad anterior transverse carina (#33–1); first and second lateral areas finely and contiguously punctate (#35–1).
 Comments. When describing Catadelphops (sensu stricto: consisting of only C. buccatus), Heinrich argued that it should be placed in the Heresiarchini (Heinrich, 1962: 863): ‘[T]he carination of the propodeum is more complete and regular than in Catadelphus, the area superomedia being clearly defined, hexagonal. In this respect the type-species is still more closely related to Amblyjoppa Cameron than is Catadelphus.’ The areola (Heinrich’s ‘area superomedia’) may be regularly hexagonal, but it is small and the same size as typical for the Callajoppa genusgroup. Furthermore, it is filled-in in more than half the specimens. Heinrich ignored the important propodeal characters of an abruptly sloping anterior margin (#25–1) and a steeply sloping lateral profile (#37–2). Needless to say, Heinrich’s postulated relationship to Amblyjoppa was not confirmed. A similar line of reasoning led Heinrich to place Neamblyjoppa in the Heresiarchini (Heinrich, 1962).
 Synonymization of Neamblyjoppa with Catadelphops seemed the best course, as these monotypic genera have a sister-group relationship and are found in the same geographical area.
 Biology. Unknown.
description: Published as part of Sime, Karen R. & Wahl, David B., 2002, The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae), pp. 1-56 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5433957
Cost-effectiveness of five different anti-tumour necrosis factor tapering strategies in rheumatoid arthritis: a modelling study
Creators: name: LM Verhoef
name: DPG Bos
name: CHM Van Den Ende
name: FHJ Van Den Hoogen
name: B Fautrel
name: ME Hulscher
name: W Kievit
name: AA Den Broeder
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of five different tumour necrosis factor inhibitor tapering strategies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and stable low disease activity, using a modelling design. Method: Using Markov models based on data from the DRESS and STRASS randomized controlled trials, and the Nijmegen RA cohort, five tapering strategies for etanercept and adalimumab were tested against continuation: 1, four-step tapering (DRESS strategy); 2, five-step tapering; 3, tapering without withdrawal; 4, use of a stricter flare criterion; and 5, use of a theoretical predictor for successful tapering. We also examined how well a biomarker should be able to predict in order for strategy 5 to become cost-effective compared to the other strategies. Results: All examined tapering strategies were cost saving (range: EUR 5128 to 7873) but yielded more short-lived flares compared to continuation. The change in utilities compared to continuation was minimal and not clinically relevant (range: −0.005 to 0.007 quality-adjusted life-years). Strategy 1 was cost-effective compared to all other strategies [highest incremental net monetary benefit (iNMB)]. However, there was a large overlap in credible intervals, especially between strategies 1 and 2. Scenario analyses showed that 50% reduction of drug prices would result in the highest iNMB for strategy 2. A biomarker only becomes cost-effective when it is inexpensive and has a sensitivity and specificity of at least 84%. Conclusion: Because our study showed a comparable iNMB for tapering in four or five steps (including discontinuation), we recommend a choice between these strategies, based on shared decision making.
Holder exponent spectra for human gait
Creators: name: Scafetta, N.
name: Griffin, L.
name: West, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stride interval time series in normal human gait is not strictly constant, but fluctuates from step to step in a complex manner. More precisely, it has been shown that the control process for human gait is a fractal random phenomenon, that is, one with a long-term memory. Herein we study the Holder exponent spectra for the slow, normal and fast gaits of 10 young healthy men in both free and metronomically triggered conditions and establish that the stride interval time series is more complex than a monofractal phenomenon. A slightly multifractal and non-stationary time series under the three different gait conditions emerges.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, 9 Tables
Cobunus Uchida 1926
Creators: name: Sime, Karen R.
name: Wahl, David B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Cobunus

description: COBUNUS UCHIDA, 1926
 Cobunus Uchida, 1926: 65. Type-species: Cobunus pallidiolus Matsumura. Original designation.
 Species and distribution. There are five described species distributed from Japan to Sulawesi (Yu & Horstmann 1997).
 Autapomorphies. Scutellum moderately convex (#20–0); anterior margin of propodeum forming narrow groove with metapostnotum (#25–0); cell 12Rs of fore wing with veins 2/Rs and 3rs-m of equal length (#40–0); postpetiole of MS1 with basal conical projection (#45–2).
 Biology. Unknown.
description: Published as part of Sime, Karen R. & Wahl, David B., 2002, The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae), pp. 1-56 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5433957
Circuit Complexity and 2D Bosonisation
Creators: name: Ge, Dongsheng
name: Policastro, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the circuit complexity of free bosons, or equivalently free fermions, in 1+1 dimensions. Motivated by the results of [1] and [2, 3] who found different behavior in the complexity of free bosons and fermions, in any dimension, we consider the 1+1 dimensional case where, thanks to the bosonisation equivalence, we can consider the same state from both the bosonic and the fermionic perspectives. In this way the discrepancy can be attributed to a different choice of the set of gates allowed in the circuit. We study the effect in two classes of states: i) bosonic-coherent / fermionic-gaussian states; ii) states that are both bosonic- and fermionic-gaussian. We consider the complexity relative to the ground state. In the first class, the different results can be reconciled admitting a mode-dependent cost function in one of the descriptions. The differences in the second class are more important, in terms of the cutoff-dependence and the overall behavior of the complexity.
description: Fix typos and add references
Conocalama Hopper 1939
Creators: name: Sime, Karen R.
name: Wahl, David B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Conocalama

description: CONOCALAMA HOPPER, 1939
 Conocalama Hopper, 1939: 319. Type-species: Trogus brullei Cresson. Original designation.
 Species and distribution. There are 14 described species distributed from Canada to southern Mexico (Guerrero) (Yu & Horstmann, 1997).
 Autapomorphies. Flagellomeres of male with tyloids (#3–0); median longitudinal carinae present anteriad anterior transverse carina (#32–0).
 Biology. Host data are available only for C. brullei (Cresson), which has been reared from the sphingid Manduca sexta (L.) (Heinrich 1962). Hopper (1939) lists three more sphingid hosts for this species – Paonias astyalus (Drury), P. myops (J.E. Smith), and Dolba hylaeus (Drury) – and mentions P. myops as a host of C. copei (Cresson), but these records are completely unsupported. Heinrich (1962) discusses a specimen of C. quebecensis (Provancher) that, according to the label, was reared from the saturniid moth Eacles imperialis Drury; host remains were not preserved, however, and Heinrich himself doubted the record [which is, incidentally, reiterated without comment in Carlson (1979)].
description: Published as part of Sime, Karen R. & Wahl, David B., 2002, The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae), pp. 1-56 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5433957
$q$-identities and affinized projective varieties, I. Quadratic monomial ideals
Creators: name: Bouwknegt, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define the concept of an affinized projective variety and show how one can, in principle, obtain q-identities by different ways of computing the Hilbert series of such a variety. We carry out this program for projective varieties associated to quadratic monomial ideals. The resulting identities have applications in describing systems of quasi-particles containing null-states and can be interpreted as alternating sums of quasi-particle Fock space characters.
description: AMSTeX, 22 pages
Dedalus: A Flexible Framework for Numerical Simulations with Spectral Methods
Creators: name: Burns, Keaton J.
name: Vasil, Geoffrey M.
name: Oishi, Jeffrey S.
name: Lecoanet, Daniel
name: Brown, Benjamin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical solutions of partial differential equations enable a broad range of scientific research. The Dedalus Project is a flexible, open-source, parallelized computational framework for solving general partial differential equations using spectral methods. Dedalus translates plain-text strings describing partial differential equations into efficient solvers. This paper details the numerical method that enables this translation, describes the design and implementation of the codebase, and illustrates its capabilities with a variety of example problems. The numerical method is a first-order generalized tau formulation that discretizes equations into banded matrices. This method is implemented with an object-oriented design. Classes for spectral bases and domains manage the discretization and automatic parallel distribution of variables. Discretized fields and mathematical operators are symbolically manipulated with a basic computer algebra system. Initial value, boundary value, and eigenvalue problems are efficiently solved using high-performance linear algebra, transform, and parallel communication libraries. Custom analysis outputs can also be specified in plain text and stored in self-describing portable formats. The performance of the code is evaluated with a parallel scaling benchmark and a comparison to a finite-volume code. The features and flexibility of the codebase are illustrated by solving several examples: the nonlinear Schrodinger equation on a graph, a supersonic magnetohydrodynamic vortex, quasigeostrophic flow, Stokes flow in a cylindrical annulus, normal modes of a radiative atmosphere, and diamagnetic levitation. The Dedalus code and the example problems are available online at http://dedalus-project.org/.
description: 40 pages, 18 figures. Accepted to Physical Review Research
Continuous matrix product state tomography of quantum transport experiments
Creators: name: Haack, Geraldine
name: Steffens, Adrian
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Hübener, Robert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: tomography
subject: waiting times
subject: correlation functions
subject: transport
subject: condensed matter physics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik

description: In recent years, a close connection between the description of open quantum systems, the input–output formalism of quantum optics, and continuous matrix product states (cMPS) in quantum field theory has been established. The latter constitute a variational class of one-dimensional quantum field states and have been shown to provide an efficient ansatz for performing tomography of open quantum systems. So far, however, the connection between cMPS and open quantum systems has not yet been developed for quantum transport experiments in the condensed-matter context. In this work, we first present an extension of the tomographic possibilities of cMPS by demonstrating the validity of reconstruction schemes based on low-order counting probabilities compared to previous schemes based on low-order correlation functions. We then show how fermionic quantum transport settings can be formulated within the cMPS framework. Our procedure, via the measurements of low-order correlation functions only, allows us to gain access to quantities that are not directly measurable with present technology. Emblematic examples are high-order correlations functions and waiting time distributions (WTD). The latter are of particular interest since they offer insights into short-time scale physics. We demonstrate the functioning of the method with actual data, opening up the way to accessing WTD within the quantum regime.
Data-driven Vector-measurement-sensor Selection based on Greedy Algorithm
Creators: name: Saito, Yuji
name: Nonomura, Taku
name: Nankai, Koki
name: Yamada, Keigo
name: Asai, Keisuke
name: Sasaki, Yasuo
name: Tsubakino, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A vector-measurement-sensor problem for the least squares estimation is considered, by extending a previous novel approach in this paper. An extension of the vector-measurement-sensor selection of the greedy algorithm is proposed and is applied to particle-image-velocimetry data to reconstruct the full state based on the information given by sparse vector-measurement sensors.
description: This article mistakenly appeared as a replacement for the other article (arXiv:1911.08757v3)
Average exit times in volume preserving maps
Creators: name: Meiss, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a volume preserving map, the exit time, averaged over the incoming set of a region, is given by the ratio of the measure of the accessible subset of the region to that of the incoming set. This result is primarily of interest to show two things: first it gives a simple bound on the algebraic decay exponent of the survival probability. Second, it gives a tool which permits the computation of the measure of the accessible set. We use this to find the measure of the bounded orbits for Hénon's quadratic map.