cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Association of household opioid availability and prescription opioid initiation among household members
Creators: name: Wheeler, S.B.
name: Westreich, D.J.
name: Carey, T.S.
name: Seamans, M.J.
name: Alan Brookhart, M.
name: Pate, V.
name: Caleb Alexander, G.
name: Cole, S.R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Importance Increases in prescription opioid use in the United States have been attributed to changing prescribing guidelines and attitudes toward pain relief; however, the spread of opioid use within households through drug diversion may also be a contributing factor. Objective To investigate whether individuals living in a household with a prescription opioid user are more likely to initiate prescription opioids themselves, compared with individuals in households with a prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) user. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative health care claims data from 2000 to 2014 of commercial insurance beneficiaries sharing a health plan with continuous prescription drug coverage, without opioid or NSAID use in the prior year. Enrollees were followed from the date of the first prescription filled by a household member for an eligible opioid or NSAID until initiation of prescription opioids, disenrollment, or administrative censoring after 1 year or the end of follow-up on December 31, 2014. Risk of opioid initiation was derived from inverse probability-weighted (IPW) Kaplan-Meier estimators that adjusted for potential confounders, prognostic factors, and predictors of censoring. Exposure Outpatient pharmacy dispensing of a prescription opioid or prescription NSAID. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident outpatient pharmacy fill for a prescription opioid by a household member. Results From 2000 to 2014, 12 695 280 individuals were exposed to prescription opioids and 6 359 639 to prescription NSAIDS through an index prescription to a household member. The IPW estimated risk of opioid initiation in the subsequent year was 11.83% (95% CI, 11.81%-11.85%) among individuals exposed to prescription opioids in the household, compared with 11.11% (95% CI, 11.09%-11.14%) among individuals exposed to prescription NSAIDs, resulting in a risk difference of 0.71% (95% CI, 0.68%-0.74%). An unmeasured confounder that is modestly associated with the exposure (eg, prevalence difference = 0.9%) and the outcome (eg, risk difference = 0.9) after adjustment for all measured variables could explain our observed estimate of the overall risk difference (0.71%). Conclusions and Relevance Living in a household with a prescription opioid user may increase risk of prescription opioid use, which may reflect both increased access to these products as well as shared risk factors, such as prescriber preference and prescription drug monitoring.
title: The CBCT volumetric changes of the air space of maxillary sinus and nasal cavities in orthognathic surgery
Creators: name: Faur, Cosmin
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Cone beam CT
subject: Head and neck

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The treatment of skeletal class II and class III malocclusion by using Le Fort I osteotomy is the most commonly surgical procedure, because it allows maxillary correction in three dimensions [1] . The changes of the bone structures position could...
Two-component higher order Camassa-Holm systems with fractional inertia operator: a geometric approach
Creators: name: Escher, Joachim
name: Lyons, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E65, 58D05, 35Q53

description: In the following we study the qualitative properties of solutions to the geodesic flow induced by a higher order two-component Camassa-Holm system. In particular, criteria to ensure the existence of temporally global solutions are presented. Moreover in the metric case, and for inertia operators of order higher than three, the flow is shown to be geodesically complete.
description: 13 pages
title: Cerebral fat embolism syndrome - MRI imiging patterns
Creators: name: Zupan, Andraž
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Definition and differences between fat embolism and cerebral fat embolization syndrome with emphasis on epidemiology, clinical status, pathophysiology, MRI imaging patterns and differential diagnosis of the...
Sensitivity analyses for effect modifiers not observed in the target population when generalizing treatment effects from a randomized controlled trial: Assumptions, models, effect scales, data scenarios, and implementation details
Creators: name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Kitahata, M.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Cole, S.R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Background  inform policy and practice for broad populations. The average treatment effect (ATE) for a target population, however, may be different from the ATE observed in a trial if there are effect modifiers whose distribution in the target population is different that from that in the trial. Methods exist to use trial data to estimate the target population ATE, provided the distributions of treatment effect modifiers are observed in both the trial and target population—an assumption that may not hold in practice. Methods The proposed sensitivity analyses address the situation where a treatment effect modifier is observed in the trial but not the target population. These methods are based on an outcome model or the combination of such a model and weighting adjustment for observed differences between the trial sample and target population. They accommodate several types of outcome models: linear models (including single time outcome and pre- and post-treatment outcomes) for additive effects, and models with log or logit link for multiplicative effects. We clarify the methods’ assumptions and provide detailed implementation instructions. Illustration We illustrate the methods using an example generalizing the effects of an HIV treatment regimen from a randomized trial to a relevant target population. Conclusion These methods allow researchers and decision-makers to have more appropriate confidence when drawing conclusions about target population effects.
Inhibition of the Growth of Ralstonia Solanacearum in Field Soil by ReleasingHot Water from Vertical Pipe
Creators: name: Natthaphong Kaemthapthim
name: Sirichai Thepa
Publisher: name: Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna
Year: 2019
Subjects: Hot water
Hot water pipe
Soil surface
Underground
Wilt

description: RMUTL Engineering Journal, 4, 1, 34-42
Metric results on the discrepancy of sequences $\left(a_{n} α\right)_{n \geq 1}$ modulo one for integer sequences $\left(a_{n}\right)_{n \geq 1}$ of polynomial growth
Creators: name: Aistleitner, Christoph
name: Larcher, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An important result of H. Weyl states that for every sequence $\left(a_{n}\right)_{n \geq 1}$ of distinct positive integers the sequence of fractional parts of $\left(a_{n} α\right)_{n\geq 1}$ is uniformly distributed modulo one for almost all $α$. However, in general it is a very hard problem to calculate the precise order of convergence of the discrepancy of $\left(\left\{a_{n} α\right\}\right)_{n \geq 1}$ for almost all $α$. In particular it is very difficult to give sharp lower bounds for the speed of convergence. Until now this was only carried out for lacunary sequences $\left(a_{n}\right)_{n \geq 1}$ and for some special cases such as the Kronecker sequence $\left(\left\{n α\right\}\right)_{n \geq 1}$ or the sequence $\left(\left\{n^2 α\right\}\right)_{n \geq1}$. In the present paper we answer the question for a large class of sequences $\left(a_{n}\right)_{n \geq 1}$ including as a special case all polynomials $a_{n} = P\left(n\right)$ with $P \in \mathbb{Z} \left[x\right]$ of degree at least 2.
description: 15 pages. Version 2: several minor changes in the introduction. Version 3: several minor changes incorporating referee's suggestions. Version 4: formulated Theorem 2 in a more general form, and fixed an inaccuary in the proof of Theorem 1
Briquette Ratio Investigation of Charcoal Briquette Produced from Brick-Burning-Process Residual Charcoal
Creators: name: Patomsok Wilaipon
name: Piyanun Chareonsawan
name: Nopparat Srihawong
name: Chiranuwat Menkoed
name: Prakorn Prakobkasikorn
name: Piyawat Kumboon
Publisher: name: Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna
Year: 2019
Subjects: charcoal briquette
unburned charcoal
brick burning

description: RMUTL Engineering Journal, 4, 1, 43-50
On the Efficiency of Far-Field Wireless Power Transfer
Creators: name: Xia, Minghua
name: Aïssa, Sonia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising technique to resolve the painstaking power-charging problem inherent in various wireless terminals. This paper investigates the power transfer efficiency of the WPT segment in future communication systems in support of simultaneous power and data transfer, by means of analytically computing the time-average output direct current (DC) power at user equipments (UEs). In order to investigate the effect of channel variety among UEs on the average output DC power, different policies for the scheduling of the power transfer among the users are implemented and compared in two scenarios: homogeneous, whereby users are symmetric and experience similar path loss, and heterogeneous, whereby users are asymmetric and exhibit different path losses. Specifically, if opportunistic scheduling is performed among $N$ symmetric/asymmetric UEs, the power scaling laws are attained by using extreme value theory, and reveal that the gain in power transfer efficiency is $\ln{N}$ if UEs are symmetric whereas the gain is $N$ if UEs are asymmetric, compared with that of conventional round-robin scheduling. Thus, the channel variety among UEs inherent to the wireless environment can be exploited by opportunistic scheduling to significantly improve the power transfer efficiency when designing future wireless communication systems in support of simultaneous power and data transfer.
description: 13 pages, to appear in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Factors influencing the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices: the case of seven horticultural farms in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Feliciano, Diana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: The production of fruits and vegetables is expected to increase in the United Kingdom (UK) as a response to increasing consumers’ demand, coupled with impacts of Brexit on the imports from the European Union (EU). Retailers and consumers are more aware of the environmental impact and provenance of food and are demanding to their suppliers to implement sustainable agricultural practices. Seven horticultural farmers and farm managers across the UK were interviewed to investigate the implementation of sustainable practices, and the motivations and enablers for adoption, as well as perceptions on sustainability and climate change. Factors influencing adoption mainly were efficiency and cost reduction, regulations, and market demand, even though, environmental, and social consciousness also played a role in adoption. There was little evidence that participation in knowledge networks or the perception of climate change and impacts, and of carbon footprint assessments influenced the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, but this finding deserves further investigation. Farmers’ awareness of the importance of soil was clear and governments should encourage farmers’ involvement in the monitoring of soil health, as a mean of engaging them in the wider discussion about the implementation of sustainable land management, including climate change adaptation and mitigation.
VIP 2: Experimental tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons
Creators: name: Pichler, A.
name: Bartalucci, S.
name: Bertolucci, S.
name: Berucci, C.
name: Bragadireanu, M.
name: Cargnelli, M.
name: Clozza, A.
name: Curceanu, C.
name: De Paolis, L.
name: Di Matteo, S.
name: D`Uffizi, A.
name: Egger, J. P.
name: Guaraldo, C.
name: Iliescu, M.
name: Ishiwatari, T.
name: Laubenstein, M.
name: Marton, J.
name: Milotti, E.
name: Pietreanu, D.
name: Piscicchia, K.
name: Ponta, T.
name: Sbardella, E.
name: Scordo, A.
name: Shi, H.
name: Sirghi, D.
name: Sirghi, F.
name: Sperandio, L.
name: Vazquez-Doce, O.
name: Widmann, E.
name: Zmeskal, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many experiments investigated the violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) since its discovery in 1925. The VIP (VIolation of the Pauli Principle) experiment tested the PEP by measuring the probability for an external electron to be captured and undergo a 2p to 1s transition during its cascading process, where the 1s state is already occupied by two electrons. This transition is forbidden by the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The VIP experiment resulted in a preliminary upper limit for the probability of the violation of the PEP of 4.7 x 10^{-29}. Currently a setup for the follow-up experiment VIP 2 is under preparation. The goal of this experiment is to improve the upper limit for the violation of the PEP by two orders of magnitude, by different improvements like enhanced energy resolution of the X-ray detectors and by implementing an active shielding. Here we report currently ongoing performance tests of the new parts of the setup.
description: EXA 2014 proceedings in Hyperfine Interactions (2015), Springer International Publishing
title: The Politics of Proselytizing: Europe After 1848 and the Development of Mormon Pre-Millennialism
Creators: name: Bury, Jacob G.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: In the second year of his reign as King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, Nebuchadnezzar II dreamt of a large stone that rolled down the side of a mountain, shattered a great metallic statue, and grew into a mountain range large enough to cover the earth. The accomplished ruler, who went on to oversee the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, as well as the destruction of Jerusalem’s Jewish temple, was no revelator, and so enlisted Daniel, an exiled Jew, to interpret his dream. According to Daniel, the statue, divided into five parts from head to toe, portrayed mankind’s present and future kingdoms. The last, represented by the statue’s iron and clay feet, would be “a divided kingdom.” Unable to unify, “the kingdom will be partly strong and partly brittle. . . . [T]he people will be a mixture and will not remain united, any more than iron mixes with clay.”1 Once all five kingdoms had matured and fallen, God’s kingdom, the large, rolling stone, would destroy all vestiges of temporal rule and establish governance over the earth until the end of time. To the Old Testament king, Daniel’s interpretation meant little; to future religious groups, and especially for members of the early Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), Nebuchadnezzar’s dream served as a clear roadmap to the millennium.
title: Pathologies of the patella and normal variants
Creators: name: Kumar, Raekha
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: MR
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Education
subject: Trauma
subject: Education and training
subject: Arthritides

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To understand the anatomy of the patella. To raise awareness of normal variants related to the patella. To recognise the role of the patella in biomechanics. To recognise common pathologies of the patella particularly related to trauma and age...
title: Understanding Parent-Adolescent Transmission of Values
Creators: name: Higgins, Jesse P.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this dissertation was to better understand the way that parents attempt to influence the values that may influence their adolescent children’s behavior and goals. In the first study, we use a newly created questionnaire, the Transmission of Values Scale or TVS, that measures the use of 27 parenting strategies that influence value transmission. Examples of strategies included in the TVS include being an example of good values, encouraging family discussion about values, and even using coercive strategies like guilt to encourage valued behavior. The results of this study found that these strategies work together to explain how families attempt to transmit their values to their children. In the second study, a model of how aspects of the parenting relationship work together to understand how parents influence the development of their children’s values. After an examination of several models of how these components work together, a final model was chosen. In this model, parents’ transmission efforts tended to relate to their children also having the values. Mothers’ and fathers’ parenting influenced the transmission process in unique and complementary ways. The results of these studies are important for parents interested in creating a family environment that will lead their children to be interested in accepting the values of the family. Indeed, parents do have an influence on the values that their children choose for themselves. By creating a healthy and happy family environment where children feel like they belong and are respected, they are more willing to value the same virtues that their parents also value.
(101924) Essex Loftus Digby
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The geography of geographical education in Scotland: who studies geography and why?
Creators: name: Selmes, Ian
name: McConnell, Alastair
name: Bruce, Jim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: In Scotland there is on-going concern about the status of geography in education. The numbers of pupils studying geography has been falling, as has the number of universities offering the subject. All when the relevance and importance of geography should be high, given the significance of issues such as climate and biodiversity change. Who studies geography is crucial knowledge for a vibrant discipline seeking to engage with relevant actors to grow the subject and perceptions of its value. This paper combines quantitative data for academic years ending 2016–2021 from the Scottish Pupil Census with Scottish Qualification Authority geography entry and attainment statistics for secondary school pupils, plus Higher Education Statistics Agency figures for undergraduate and postgraduate geographers in Scottish universities. It shows that the tide may now be turning for geography study in Scotland, entries are rising at all stages as its attainment. There remain huge differences between local authorities. Female students tend to predominate, as do learners in the lowest deprivation quintiles. The empirical knowledge of characteristics of who is studying geography at each national stage of education in Scotland is enlightening. The question for all professional geographers is how we might together improve on the current situation.
title: Assessing Stream Ecosystem Structure and Function in an Urban Canal and Logan River in Logan, Utah
Creators: name: Smith-Eskridge, Ellie
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Humans have constructed canals to support agriculture, to mitigate flooding, and to discharge stormwater, especially in the Intermountain West. These canals are common in Cache Valley, where they receive flows from the Logan River during summer months. However, the ecological structure (e.g., water quality, freshwater invertebrates) and function (e.g., leaf decomposition) of these canals remains largely unknown. Studying ecosystem structure and function of these urban waterways is important because it can inform us of the health of these waterways.
My research had three objectives. First, I compared water chemistry, invertebrate assemblages, and leaf decomposition in an urban canal and the Logan River in Logan, Utah. Next, I compared these variables along a longitudinal urban gradient (i.e., from upstream reaches to downstream reaches of the waterways). Last, I examined which of the various environmental factors I measured was correlated with shredders (i.e., leafshredding invertebrates) and leaf decomposition in both waterways.
Water quality was similar between the Logan River and the canal, except for the most downstream site of the Logan River which had a higher concentration of nutrients and heavy metals. The canal had faster leaf decomposition, and facultative shredders were abundant in the canal. Facultative shredders increased with the decay rate in the canal, suggesting that these shredders are playing a critical role aiding in leaf decomposition in the canal. The most downstream sites in the canal may have had faster leaf decomposition due to facultative shredders whereas the most downstream sites in the Logan River may have had faster decomposition because of elevated concentrations of nutrients. I found that physical forces from the flow of streams (e.g., water velocity) and shredder biomass were correlated with leaf decomposition in both waterways. Total phosphorus was also correlated with shredder biomass and leaf decomposition, the latter of which is likely due to enhanced microbial activity on leaf litter.
title: Engaging stakeholders for risk governance and risk management of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction: A protocol for a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Einhäupl, Paul
name: Bharwani, Sukaina
name: Cubie, Dug
name: Cumiskey, Lydia
name: Parviainen, Janne
name: Hochrainer-Stigler, Stefan
name: Schweizer, Pia-Johanna
name: Steinhausen, Max Jacob
Publisher: name: Research Institute for Sustainability (RIFS)
Year: 2023

description: The recent droughts in Central Europe and unprecedented floods in Central Europe have revealed our vulnerability to extreme weather events. Besides climate change as a driver of more frequent and intensifying weather extremes, demographic change and socio-economic development exacerbate severe impacts. International frameworks for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation (e.g., SENDAI framework, EU Strategy on adaptation to climate change) acknowledge the critical need to integrate risk governance, communication, and operational mechanisms for coping with extreme climate events throughout the entire Disaster Risk Management cycle. In order to integrate current state-of-the-art governance approaches for improved knowledge integration by means of co-creative approaches towards user and stakeholder engagement and increased accountability, we first need to identify and analyze existing methods. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we have developed a protocol for a systematic literature review (SLR) and started the review process. This protocol describes the process of conducting an SLR to provide a state-of-the-art overview of risk governance and risk management approaches through stakeholder engagement and transdisciplinary knowledge co-production processes. The review will focus on the areas of climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR). The literature search will include scientific databases as well as grey literature. Eligibility and exclusion criteria are defined. Results will be synthesized qualitatively. Quantitative analysis regarding the occurrence of certain approaches should help to identify research gaps and develop a taxonomy.
On the set of catenary degrees of finitely generated cancellative commutative monoids
Creators: name: O'Neill, Christopher
name: Ponomarenko, Vadim
name: Tate, Reuben
name: Webb, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The catenary degree of an element $n$ of a cancellative commutative monoid $S$ is a nonnegative integer measuring the distance between the irreducible factorizations of $n$. The catenary degree of the monoid $S$, defined as the supremum over all catenary degrees occurring in $S$, has been heavily studied as an invariant of nonunique factorization. In this paper, we investigate the set $\mathsf C(S)$ of catenary degrees achieved by elements of $S$ as a factorization invariant, focusing on the case where $S$ in finitely generated (where $\mathsf C(S)$ is known to be finite). Answering an open question posed by García-Sánchez, we provide a method to compute the smallest nonzero element of $\mathsf C(S)$ that parallels a well-known method of computing the maximum value. We also give several examples demonstrating certain extremal behavior for $\mathsf C(S)$, and present some open questions for further study.
Chlamydia trachomatis Seroprevalence and Ultrasound-Diagnosed Uterine Fibroids in a Large Population of Young African-American Women
Creators: name: Baird, D.D.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Dittmer, D.P.
name: Schoenbach, V.J.
name: Moore, K.R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Reproductive tract infections have long been hypothesized to increase the risk of uterine fibroids. Few studies have been conducted, even for the common infection genital Chlamydia trachomatis (gCT), and only with self-reported gCT data. Our investigation used micro-immunofluorescence serology for gCT to characterize past exposure. We used cross-sectional enrollment data from a prospective fibroid study carried out in the Detroit, Michigan, area; ultrasound examinations systematically screened for fibroids. Participants were African-American women aged 23–34 years (recruited in 2010–2012). Age- and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios. A total of 1,587 women (94% of participants) had unequivocal gCT serology results; 22% had fibroids. Those who were seropositive for gCT were less likely to have fibroids (age-adjusted odds ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.54, 0.87; multivariable-adjusted odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.62, 1.03). Inverse associations were similar across categories of fibroid size, number, and total volume. Participant groups likely to have had multiple or severe infections (multiple serovar groups, more sex partners, clinically diagnosed chlamydia) all showed statistically significantly reduced odds of fibroids. A protective association of gCT with fibroids was unexpected but plausible. gCT infection might increase immune surveillance and eliminate early lesions. Further investigation on the relationship between fibroid development and reproductive tract infections is needed
title: Thiel-embalmed cadavers as a model for Colour Doppler ultrasound and its applications.
Creators: name: Duncan, Robyn
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Anatomy
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Education and training

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Thiel-embalmed [1,2] human cadavers retain ‘life-like’ properties including colour, tissue quality and flexibility and vessel patency. Thiel cadaver models have been used successfully with B-mode ultrasound for clinical training [3] and device...
title: Local and Regional Landscape Characteristics Driving Habitat Selection by Greater Sage-Grouse Along a Fragmented Range Margin
Creators: name: Beers, Aidan T.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: In response to ongoing landscape change, wildlife species are likely to respond in varied ways. By studying habitat specialists, we are able to better understand the most likely ways in which the denizens of threatened ecosystems will react to those changes. Among the most threatened ecosystem types in North America are sagebrush ecosystems of the Intermountain West, where one of its most well-known residents, greater sage grouse (hereafter, “sage-grouse), have lost more than 50% of their habitat due to fire, invasive species, climate change, encroachment by coniferous forests and avian predators using it, and human-caused landscape conversion. Sage-grouse rely on sagebrush throughout their lives, and there are ongoing efforts to protect them as emblems of vulnerable species and to preserve a changing landscape. The purpose of my dissertation, as part of the ongoing efforts, was to improve understanding of how sage-grouse select habitat along their southern distribution edge in southern Utah and Nevada, where habitat tends to be fragmented and of poorer quality. In this research, I used more than six years of location data from GPS transmitters on sage-grouse across four study areas to address how sage-grouse respond to the threats they face and by what means of data analysis we are best able to detect those threats and inform effective conservation. My research shows that, despite the risk posed by avian predators, sage-grouse in these study areas select habitat closer to trees than expected and do so when they are likely able to also use dense sagebrush cover and a rugged landscape to be concealed from predators. I also found that sage-grouse may use habitat near to trees for shade and escape from extreme heat and cold when the sagebrush in their habitat is not enough to provide shelter, suggesting that sage-grouse must often make risky decisions to balance the many threats they face. Finally, I found that random forests, an intuitive machine learning method, are able to detect important effects of sagebrush and tree cover on habitat selection, able to predict those effects in new areas, and should be considered among the useful and important tools for measuring wildlife-habitat associations.
When to Censor?
Creators: name: Moore, R.D.
name: Lesko, C.R.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Lau, B.
name: Cole, S.R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Loss to follow-up is an endemic feature of time-to-event analyses that precludes observation of the event of interest. To our knowledge, in typical cohort studies with encounters occurring at regular or irregular intervals, there is no consensus on how to handle person-time between participants’ last study encounter and the point at which they meet a definition of loss to follow-up. We demonstrate, using simulation and an example, that when the event of interest is captured outside of a study encounter (e.g., in a registry), person-time should be censored when the study-defined criterion for loss to follow-up is met (e.g., 1 year after last encounter), rather than at the last study encounter. Conversely, when the event of interest must be measured within the context of a study encounter (e.g., a biomarker value), person-time should be censored at the last study encounter. An inappropriate censoring scheme has the potential to result in substantial bias that may not be easily corrected.
(101925) Austin Gerald Comyn King
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Irreducible representations of finitely generated nilpotent groups
Creators: name: Beloshapka, Iuliya
name: Gorchinskiy, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20Cxx

description: We prove that irreducible complex representations of finitely generated nilpotent groups are monomial if and only if they have finite weight, which was conjectured by Parshin. Note that we consider (possibly, infinite-dimensional) representations without any topological structure. Besides, we prove that for certain induced representations, irreducibility is implied by Schur irreducibility. Both results are obtained in a more general form for representations over an arbitrary field.
description: 28 pages
title: Hemodynamic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver parenchyma under balloon occlusion of the hepatic artery
Creators: name: Sugihara, Fumie
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics
subject: Arterial access
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Liver
subject: Interventional vascular

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality [1]. Curative treatments, such as hepatic resection, liver transplantation, or local ablation, benefit only 20...
title: Finding Their "Why": Examining the Development of Sense of Purpose During the University Years and Its Role in Student Well-Being
Creators: name: King, Michael Q.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Nearly 20 million students were expected to be enrolled for college or university studies during the 2020-2021 academic year. These institutions often advertise to prospective students that, in addition to advancing their education, they will discover their purpose. Given previous work and current interest in sense of purpose, additional attention on sense of purpose in the university setting is worthwhile. In addition, as many university stakeholders are concerned about an ongoing mental health crisis, a further examination into a developmental construct (i.e. sense of purpose) thought to provide a “sheltering fortress in a world of constant threat” seems especially relevant. In the present two-study dissertation, Study 1, a quantitative study, was designed to examine sense of purpose as a potential buffer between university-related stress and psychological distress. Results from this study suggest sense of purpose moderates the relationship between stress and burnout for sophomores but not other years in school. Study 2, a qualitative study, was designed to provide an in-depth exploration into the perceptions of graduating seniors on the development of their sense of purpose during the university experience. Results from this study highlight that participants’ perceptions that the university played a key role in exposing them to a broader world, helping further establish identity and values, while providing structure and support. Independently, the studies possess the potential to offer unique contributions to current understanding of sense of purpose and inform meaningful research directions in the future. Considered together, the results have the potential to offer important practical considerations for college and university staff and administrators involved with student well-being and retention.
Generalizing Randomized Clinical Trial Results: Implementation and Challenges Related to Missing Data in the Target Population
Creators: name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Jonsson Funk, M.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Webster-Clark, M.
name: Dempster, S.E.
name: Hong, J.-L.
name: Locasale, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Statins are indicated in patients with elevated levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol based on results of the multicountry trial, Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) (2003–2008), but the benefit in real-world populations remains unknown. We sought to generalize JUPITER results to trial-eligible population using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), 2001–2014. We multiply imputed missing baseline characteristics for the CPRD population and selected the trial-eligible participants as the target population based on observed and imputed values. Trial participants were weighted to be representative of the CPRD population (n = 383,418) based on individual predicted probability of selection into the trial. Trial participants were also standardized to the CPRD population without missing values (n = 2,677). In JUPITER, rosuvastatin reduced cardiovascular risk with a 3-year risk difference of −2.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): −2.9, −1.1). The rosuvastatin effect was muted in the first 2 years but remained strong at 3 years after standardizing to the imputed CPRD population (3-year risk difference = −2.7%; 95% CI: −5.8, 0.4) and the CPRD population without missing data (3-year risk difference = −1.7%; 95% CI: −3.5, 0.1). The study serves as an illustration of possible approaches to understanding generalizability of trials using real-world databases given limitations due to missing data on inclusion/exclusion criteria.
title: Comparison between exposure index for infants showing hip-joint abnormalities with and without Pavlik harness
Creators: name: Miyamoto, Yoshiko
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Radiation effects
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Paediatric
subject: Bones

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Background Developmentaldysplasiaofthehip The term congenital dislocation of the hip dates back to the time of Hippocrates. This condition, also known as hip dysplasia or developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), has been diagnosed and treated for...
Operational Resource Theory of Coherence
Creators: name: Winter, Andreas
name: Yang, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish an operational theory of coherence (or of superposition) in quantum systems, by focusing on the optimal rate of performance of certain tasks. Namely, we introduce the two basic concepts - "coherence distillation" and "coherence cost" in the processing quantum states under so-called incoherent operations [Baumgratz/Cramer/Plenio, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113:140401 (2014)]. We then show that in the asymptotic limit of many copies of a state, both are given by simple single-letter formulas: the distillable coherence is given by the relative entropy of coherence (in other words, we give the relative entropy of coherence its operational interpretation), and the coherence cost by the coherence of formation, which is an optimization over convex decompositions of the state. An immediate corollary is that there exists no bound coherent state in the sense that one would need to consume coherence to create the state but no coherence could be distilled from it. Further we demonstrate that the coherence theory is generically an irreversible theory by a simple criterion that completely characterizes all reversible states.
description: 12 pages; v3 has more details in the technical proofs and generally an improved presentation, in particular a more accurate representation of the relation between majorization and incoherent transformations of pure states
title: UK national Audit of Safety checks in radiology interventions
Creators: name: Ariyanayagam, Timothy
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Safety
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Professional issues

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Human error remains an inescapable cause of harm to patients. Safety checklists are a simple and effective method of reducing these risks by formalising a peri-procedural routine to reduce the likelihood of simple mistakes. Surgical checklists in...
Multiple Imputation for Incomplete Data in Epidemiologic Studies
Creators: name: Sun, B.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Schisterman, E.F.
name: Perkins, N.J.
name: Harel, O.
name: Mitchell, E.M.
name: Tchetgen Tchetgen, E.J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Epidemiologic studies are frequently susceptible to missing information. Omitting observations with missing variables remains a common strategy in epidemiologic studies, yet this simple approach can often severely bias parameter estimates of interest if the values are not missing completely at random. Even when missingness is completely random, complete-case analysis can reduce the efficiency of estimated parameters, because large amounts of available data are simply tossed out with the incomplete observations. Alternative methods for mitigating the influence of missing information, such as multiple imputation, are becoming an increasing popular strategy in order to retain all available information, reduce potential bias, and improve efficiency in parameter estimation. In this paper, we describe the theoretical underpinnings of multiple imputation, and we illustrate application of this method as part of a collaborative challenge to assess the performance of various techniques for dealing with missing data (Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(3):568–575). We detail the steps necessary to perform multiple imputation on a subset of data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959–1974), where the goal is to estimate the odds of spontaneous abortion associated with smoking during pregnancy.
(101920) Edward Essex Digby
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Charging graphene nanoribbon quantum dots
Creators: name: Żebrowski, D. P.
name: Szafran, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe charging a quantum dot induced electrostatically within a semiconducting graphene nanoribbon by electrons or holes. The applied model is based on a tight-binding approach with the electron-electron interaction introduced by a mean field local spin density approximation. The numerical approach accounts for the charge of all the $p_z$ electrons and screening of external potentials by states near the charge neutrality point. Both a homogenous ribbon and a graphene flake embedded within the ribbon are discussed. The formation of transport gaps as functions of the external confinement potential (top gate potential) and the Fermi energy (back gate potential) are described in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data. For a fixed number of excess electrons we find that the excess charge added to the system is, - depending on the voltages defining the work point of the device: $(i)$ delocalized outside the quantum dot, - in the transport gap due to the top gate potential $(ii)$ localized inside the quantum dot, - in the transport gap due to the back gate potential or $(iii)$ extended over both the quantum dot area and the ribbon connections, - outside the transport gaps. The applicability of the frozen valence band approximation to describe charging the quantum dot by excess electrons is also discussed.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures in Physical Review B 2015 (in print)
title: Treatment across stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) and radioembolisation (SIRT): country-specific patterns of usage
Creators: name: Najran, Pavan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radioembolisation
subject: Chemoembolisation
subject: CT
subject: Liver
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: HCC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and the incidence has been on the rise in recent years [1]. For patients with HCC, the 5-year relative survival is only 17% [2]. HCC can be divided into four stages:...