cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Ein Treffliche Predigt von des Menschen Todt, vn[d] Jungstem gericht; 1572
title: Dadurch sol ein christenmensch zu warer Buß, fleissigem Gebet, rechtem Glauben, vnd forcht Gottes gereitzt, vnd von allem Gottlosem wesen abgeschroecket werden. Jedermeniglich zů Lesen, zů wissen vnd fleissig zubetrachen, Nutz vnd Notwendig
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Cyrillus, Alexandrinus Alexandrinus
name: Widenmann, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2022

description: Nicht identisch mit VD16 ZV 32602 (Widmung auf Bl. A2r abweichend: hier für Herrn Johann Abbt), ansonsten druckidentisch
Regulating Imports into RGGI: Toward a Legal, Workable Solution
Creators: name: Welton, Shelley
name: Gerrard, Michael
name: Munster, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Climatic changes
Foreign trade regulation
Environmental law

description: This paper explores the legal workability and constitutionality of regulating electricity imports into RGGI. After considering how such a mechanism might be designed, the paper examines whether a mechanism that requires RGGI load-serving entities to purchase emissions allowances to cover imported power could survive a constitutional challenge under either the dormant Commerce Clause or Federal Power Act preemption.
OBO Academy: Training materials for Bio-ontologists
Creators: name: Vasilevsky, Nicole
name: Overton, James
name: Jackson, Rebecca
name: Toro, Sabrina
name: Tan, Shawn
name: Varner, Bradley
name: Osumi-Sutherland, David
name: Matentzoglu, Nicolas
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2022

description: Poster presentation at ISB virtual conference 2022.
Optimal Hamiltonian of Fermion Flows
Creators: name: Accardi, Luigi
name: Boukas, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After providing a general formulation of Fermion flows within the context of Hudson-Parthasarathy quantum stochastic calculus, we consider the problem of determining the noise coefficients of the Hamiltonian associated with a Fermion flow so as to minimize a naturally associated quadratic performance functional. This extends to Fermion flows results of the authors previously obtained for Boson flows .
Risk of Lung Carcinoma Among Users of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Creators: name: Muscat, Joshua E.
name: Chen, Shu-Quan
name: Richie, John P.
name: Altorki, Nasser K.
name: Citron, Marc
name: Olson, Sara
name: Neugut, Alfred I.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Oncology
Medicine

description: BACKGROUND; Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the development of lung tumors in experimental animals. To the authors' knowledge there are little data regarding whether regular use of NSAIDs reduces the risk of developing lung carcinoma in humans. METHOD; The association between lung carcinoma risk and regular use of NSAIDs, including aspirin, was evaluated in a hospital-based case–control study of 1038 patients and 1002 controls.
RESULTS; The relative risk estimate of lung carcinoma associated with using NSAIDs 3 times a week or more for 1 or more years demonstrated an odds ratio (OR) of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.53–0.89). Results were similar when separated by lung histologic type. The association varied by smoking status. The OR was1.28 (95% CI, 0.73–2.25) in never-smokers and 0.60 (95% CI 0.45–0.80) in ever-smokers. The smoking-specific risk estimates for aspirin were similar to those for all NSAIDs. CONCLUSIONS; The results of the current study suggest a possible chemoprotective benefit with the use of NSAIDs among individuals who are former or current smokers.
Spin density wave order and fluctuations in Mn3Si: a transport study
Creators: name: Steckel, Frank
name: Rodan, Steven
name: Hermann, Regina
name: Blum, Christian G. F.
name: Wurmehl, Sabine
name: Buechner, Bernd
name: Hess, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive transport investigation of the itinerant antiferromagnet Mn3Si which undergoes a spin density wave (SDW) order below T_N~21.3K. The electrical resistivity, the Hall-, Seebeck and Nernst effects exhibit pronounced anomalies at the SDW transition, while the heat conductivity is phonon dominated and therefore is insensitive to the intrinsic electronic ordering in this compound. At temperatures higher than T_N our data provide strong evidence for a large fluctuation regime which extends up to ~200K in the resistivity, the Seebeck effect and the Nernst effect. From the comparison of our results with other prototype SDW materials, viz. LaFeAsO and Chromium, we conclude that many of the observed features are of generic character.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Leveraging Constraints for User-Centric Selection of Predictive Features
Creators: name: Bach, J.
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: feature selection
constraints
alternatives
explainability
interpretability

description: Feature selection identifies the most valuable predictors in a dataset. Thus, feature-selection techniques are popular for obtaining small, interpretable, yet highly accurate prediction models. While optimizing technical quality metrics, standard feature-selection techniques might not satisfy user needs for two reasons. First, existing methods do not consider domain knowledge. Such domain knowledge can restrict which feature combinations make sense to users. Second, traditional feature-selection techniques typically yield only one feature set, which might not suffice in some scenarios. For example, users might be interested in finding different feature sets with similar prediction quality, offering alternative explanations of the data. Constraints on feature sets alleviate both these shortcomings. First, constraints allow users to express domain knowledge, e.g., known physical laws, novel scientific hypotheses, etc. Second, constraints can formalize the notion of alternative feature sets. Our research studies different types of constraints that make feature selection more user-centric. We investigate how to formulate and integrate such constraints into existing feature-selection techniques. Further, we study the impact of constraints on feature-selection results, e.g., if prediction quality remains stable under constraints. Our experiments show that it often is possible to find high-quality feature sets adhering to user constraints.
Aesopus grec[us] p[er] Laurentium Vallensem traductus; [ca. 1510-1512]
Creators: name: Aesopus
name: Valla,  Lorenzo
name: Thanner,  Jacob
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2022

description: Erscheinungsvermerk in Vorlageform: Impressum Liptzk per Jacobum Tanner
Diversifying Effect of Digital Competence
Creators: name: Csordás, Adrián
name: Csordás, Adrián
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: ICT,
subject: EU,
subject: unemployment,
subject: training.

description: Information and communication technology determines not only the development of companies but also the development of nations. Among other things, with the usage of eGovernment, the administrations can put „digitally pressure“ on their citizens which can lead to the appreciation of the role of digital competence. Based on data from the European Statistical Office, the digital competences of the EU Member States were examined between 2015 and 2017. A significant relationship was found between the level of digital knowledge and the level of unemployment. There is a strong positive correlation between the levels of digital competence and corporates training. In the clustering of countries, three distinct groups were created. The underdeveloped, developing and developed countries differed not only in the number of digitally educated people but also in the distribution of the digitally qualified groups.
QCD analysis of polarized DIS and the SIDIS asymmetry world data and light sea-quark decomposition
Creators: name: Arbabifar, Fatemeh
name: Khorramian, Ali N.
name: Soleymaninia, Maryam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of our new QCD analysis of helicity parton distributions of the nucleon at full next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy in the fixed-flavor number scheme will be presented. Performing a combined QCD fit on the global sets of latest inclusive and the semi-inclusive polarized deep inelastic scattering data, we are able to extract new polarized parton distribution functions (PPDFs) at the input scale $Q_{0}^2=1$ GeV$^2$. Particulary, we have calculated PPDFs considering light sea-quark decomposition and the results are compared with the experimental data and the most precise theoretical models obtained by recent analyses. The latest COMPASS2010 SIDIS data, which were not available for the previous analyses, are employed in the current analysis and the effect of COMPASS SIDIS data is studied in detail. Also the uncertainties of PPDFs are determined using the standard Hessian technique.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables
title: Gestaltungsdimensionen der Kommunikation von automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Verkehrsteilnehmenden
Creators: name: Joisten, Philip
name: Freund, Anton
name: Abendroth, Bettina
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Bereits heute wird die Kommunikation zwischen automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Straßenverkehrsteilnehmenden entwickelt und erforscht, um zukünftig einen sicheren und effizienten Straßenverkehrsfluss zu gewährleisten. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, Gestaltungsdimensionen der Kommunikation zwischen automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Straßenverkehrsteilnehmenden herzuleiten und zu analysieren. Folgende Fragestellung steht im Vordergrund: Wie kann eine Kommunikationsstrategie zwischen automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Straßenverkehrsteilnehmenden gestaltet werden? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragestellung werden Gestaltungsdimensionen theoretisch abgeleitet und eine Befragung (N = 30) und Beobachtung (N = 308) von Fußgänger/-innen in Testfeldern von automatisierten Bussen durchgeführt. Aufbauend auf Erkenntnissen der Kommunikationstheorie werden sechs Gestaltungsdimensionen (Wer, Warum, In welcher Situation, Was, Wann, Wie) und dahinterstehende zentrale Fragestellungen identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Studien zeigen Verhaltensweisen und den Kommunikationsbedarf von Fußgänger/-innen bei der Interaktion mit automatisierten Bussen. Die Analyse anhand der Gestaltungsdimensionen legt weiteren Forschungsbedarf offen, wie z. B. nach den zukünftigen Rollen aller Beteiligten im Straßenverkehr.
Living standard potential and the transmission of advantage in Chile
Creators: name: Spilerman, Seymour
name: Torche, Florencia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This paper examines the influence of parental resources on the living standards of adult children, in terms of both the effects through educational attainment and income, and the impact of direct wealth transfers. Information on the resources of both parental sets are examined. The findings suggest that parental wealth influences children's wealth largely through direct transfers rather than through investments in education and earnings.
Essays on Survey Expectations
Creators: name: Pavlova, Lora
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: survey expectations
inflation expectations
uncertainty
monetary policy
central bank communication

description: In this thesis, I investigate several topics concerning the collection and application of survey expectations data. Conceptually, the thesis consists of three parts: (i) elicitation of consumer expectations in a probabilistic format, (ii) quantifying uncertainty at the individual level and at different horizons, (iii) application of consumer inflation expectations data collected through surveys to answer topical monetary policy questions. While Chapter 2 critically discusses different ways of eliciting probabilistic inflation expectations of consumers, Chapters 3 and 4 tackle the measurement of subjective uncertainty derived from such histograms. Chapter 5 illustrates how data on inflation expectations of consumers elicited in an information-experimental framework can be used to analyze how consumers would react to a hypothetical monetary policy strategy change in the euro area.
Cryogenic Storage and Transport of Biological Products for Biobanking
Creators: name: ONG, JIAN WERN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified
Biomedical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Biobanks function as a depository for biological samples which are crucial for scientific research and clinical diagnosis. While there are a variety of sample preservation techniques, frozen samples using low temperatures are arguably the most common due to their excellent preservation of genetic information. However, current preservation protocols are often time and labour intensive. The research undertaken aimed to streamline the biobanking process through the use of special surfaces to enable rapid and effective preservation of the samples.
E-AGRO: Intelligent Chat-Bot. IoT and Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Farming Industry
Creators: name: Jayalath Ekanayake
name: Luckshitha Saputhanthri
name: Jayalath Ekanayake
name: Luckshitha Saputhanthri
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Chat-Bot,
subject: Agriculture,
subject: Chat-room,
subject: Artificial Intelligence,
subject: Farming Industry,
subject: intents,
subject: examples.

description: This study develops a chat room and a Chat–Bot to discuss the prevailing issues related to farming with peers and expertise and support farmers to make timely decision on farming. A standard set of questions was identified through discussions and surveys with farmers, expertise and other stakeholders. Intents, which the users might want to know, and examples, which the users use to explain a specific intent and entities that are different objects referring to an intent were identified from the questions. Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) was used to train a model, which predicts an intent based on the given example. The Chat-Bot was implemented in a cloud platform and therefore, the client end does not require more computational resources.
Clustering on the Main Diagonal in Mobility Matrices
Creators: name: Singer, Burton
name: Spilerman, Seymour
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we compare Markov, semi-Markov, and heterogeneity formulations. We demonstrate that the familiar phenomenon of clustering on the main diagonal is an inherent consequence of the structure of certain model types. Further, underprediction of the main diagonal elements should be associated with other kinds of stochastic models, beyond Markovian, that are also applicable to social processes
Identifying Clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using Infrared Satellite Data
Creators: name: Pierre Auger Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new method of identifying night-time clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared data from the Imager instruments on the GOES-12 and GOES-13 satellites. We compare cloud identifications resulting from our method to those obtained by the Central Laser Facility of the Auger Observatory. Using our new method we can now develop cloud probability maps for the 3000 km^2 of the Pierre Auger Observatory twice per hour with a spatial resolution of ~2.4 km by ~5.5 km. Our method could also be applied to monitor cloud cover for other ground-based observatories and for space-based observatories.
Insulation, Asbestos, Smoking Habits, and Lung Cancer Cell Types
Creators: name: Muscat, Joshua E.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Wynder, Ernst L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Epidemiology
Pathology
Oncology

description: The association between occupational exposure to asbestos and histological type of lung cancer was analyzed in a multicenter hospital-based case-control study (2,871 male cases and 5,240 male controls) conducted from 1981-1991. Twenty-two percent of cases and 18% of controls were employed in asbestos-related occupations for at least 1 year. Most of these asbestos jobs were in the construction field. The odds ratio (OR) among current smokers was 1.0 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.9 to 1.3]; for ex-smokers, the OR was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6). In contrast, 10% of cases and 5% of controls self-reported that they were chronically exposed to asbestos for at least 1 year. Self-reported asbestos exposure was significantly related to all lung cancer cell types among smokers and ex-smokers, although a trend in the ORs with duration of self-reported exposure was not found for current smokers. Among 48 cases and 52 controls reporting distinct exposure to building insulation, the OR was 2.2 (95% CI 1.2 to 4.3) for current smokers, and 1.8 (95% CI 0.9 to 3.6) for ex-smokers, compared to subjects who were not exposed to building insulation and asbestos. A nonsignificant association with self-reported exposure to asbestos was observed for a small number of never smokers (eight of 83 nonsmoking cases, OR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 4.6). When examining these results and their causal implications, possible misclassification and reporting biases need to be considered.
Aida and the Empire of Emotions (Theodor W. Adorno, Edward Said, and Alexander Kluge)
Creators: name: Goehr, Lydia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Music

description: This essay investigates how Theodor W. Adorno, Edward Said, and Alexander Kluge read Verdi's opera Aida with respect to the theme of being buried alive, where being buried alive can occur not only to characters in an opera but, according to a discourse of fate, also to the opera itself. To write about being buried alive but living as it were tot tell the tale, the three critics ask whether a residue of resistance in the opera remains that allows the opera to escape a totalizing discourse of fate or fatality that threatens to destroy it. Goehr begins by presenting the more familiar views of Adorno and Said, although hopefully in a new light. After, Goehr presents and develops the less familiar view (in an Anglo-American musicological context) of the Frankfurt filmmaker and critical theorist, Alexander Kluge.
title: Form Wie das heilig Nachtmal vnsers Herrn vnd Heilands Jesu Christi sampt der vorbereitung in der Kirchen zu Heidelberg, vnd anderen Kirchen der Churfürstlichen Pfaltz bey Rhein, gehalten wirdt; 1564
title: Dem gemeinen mann zu gut von wort zu wort auß der Kirchenordnung, Anno 1563. außgangen, gezogen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Friedrich, III., Pfalz, Kurfürst III., Pfalz, Kurfürst
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2022

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Gedruckt in der Churfürstlichen Statt Heidelberg, durch Johannem Mayer, im Jar. 1564.
The $g_{J/ψD_s D_s}$ strong coupling constant from QCD Sum Rules
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Bruno Osório
name: Bracco, Mirian Enriqueta
name: Chiapparini, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coupling constant of the meson vertex $J/ψD_s D_s$ is calculated using the three point correlation function within the QCD Sum Rule formalism. We have considered alternately mesons $J/ψ$ and $D_s$ off-shell together with non-perturbative contributions up to the mixed quark-gluon condensates. When extrapolated, these two different form factors give the same coupling constant for the process $g_{J/ψD_s D_s} = 5.98^{+0.67}_{-0.58}$.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
A quantum magnetic RC circuit
Creators: name: van Hoogdalem, Kevin A.
name: Albert, Mathias
name: Simon, Pascal
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a setup that is the spin analog of the charge-based quantum RC circuit. We define and compute the spin capacitance and the spin resistance of the circuit for both ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) systems. We find that the antiferromagnetic setup has universal properties, but the ferromagnetic setup does not. We discuss how to use the proposed setup as a quantum source of spin excitations, and put forward a possible experimental realization using ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
Nutmeg-Derived Natural Product Hybrids: Synthesis and Investigations of Their Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action
Creators: name: Wong, Xi Khai
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 340503
subject: Organic chemical synthesis
classificationCode: 340599
subject: Organic chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 340499
subject: Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis focuses on developing new hybrid compounds to fight bacteria. The most potent compound identified in this study, 4OHA_CIP, shows very strong antibacterial activity, especially against gram-positive strains. More importantly, it is also active against drug-resistant bacteria. Overall, this research highlights a promising strategy for designing new antibiotics that could help combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance and in turn, improve public health.
Periods in Progressive Rock and the Problem of Authenticity
Creators: name: Sheinbaum, John J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Music

description: Though "largely ignored" by much mainstream popular music scholarship and "largely despised" by most critics, the genre of "self consciously complex" rock music was usually known as 1970's "progressive" (or "prog") rock was very popular and influential across England and North America in its time, and its fan base remains dedicated to this day.  Progressive rock exhibits a startling eclecticism and diverse sources of influence, and as such is notoriously difficult to define from a stylistic point of view. The label "progressive" instead implies association with the late 1960s counterculture and, more directly, an aesthetic of experimentation and artistic freedom at the time when recording technologies were developing rapidly and record companies enjoyed a large degree of financial success. Overall, though, the genre is perhaps "best remembered" for "epic subject matter," "gargantuan stage shows," and "dazzling virtuosity" and, in the wake of the Beatles 1967 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, for developing a rock music that seemed to invite the audience to listen rather than dance.
Metal-semiconductor-metal ion-implanted Si waveguide photodetectors for C-band operation
Creators: name: Souhan, Brian
name: Grote, Richard R.
name: Driscoll, Jeffrey B.
name: Lu, Ming
name: Stein, Aaron
name: Bakhru, Hassaram
name: Osgood, Richard M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: Metal-semiconductor-metal Si waveguide photodetectors are demonstrated with responsivities of greater than 0.5 A/W at a wavelength of 1550 nm for a device length of 1mm. Sub-bandgap absorption in the Si waveguide is achieved by creating divacancy lattice defects via Si+ ion implantation. The modal absorption coefficient of the ion-implanted Si waveguide is measured to be ≈185 dB/cm, resulting in a detector responsivity of ≈0.51 A/W at a 50V bias. The frequency response of a typical 1mm-length detector is measured to be 2.6 GHz, with simulations showing that a frequency response of 9.8 GHz is achievable with an optimized contact configuration and bias voltage of 15V. Due to the ease with which these devices can be fabricated, and their potential for high performance, these detectors are suitable for various applications in Si-based photonic integrated circuits.
Application of the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) Model in the Demand of the Household Animal Sourced Food in West Java
Creators: name: Bayu Kharisma
name: Alisjahbana, Armida S.
name: Sutyastie Soemitro Remi
name: Putri Praditya
name: Bayu Kharisma
name: Alisjahbana, Armida S.
name: Sutyastie Soemitro Remi
name: Putri Praditya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: West Java province,
subject: QUAIDS,
subject: animal sourced food,
subject: elasticity.

description: This paper aims to determine the effect of demographic and socio-economic factors and household responses to household changes in prices and income against the demand for household animal-sourced food in West Java Province. The study used cross-section data sourced from the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) of West Java Province in 2017 analyzed through the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). The results showed that the demand for household animal-sourced food in West Java was influenced by price, income, and social demographic factors. All groups of animal-sourced food were categorized as normal goods, as characterized by an income elasticity value of more than zero. The income elasticity established meat commodities as the highest with eggs being the lowest. The nature of the commodity determined that all animal-sourced food groups except eggs are luxury goods. Luxury goods are categorized as such due to their above one value of the demand response against changes in income- which in this paper refers to the commodities of fish, meat, poultry, and milk. The own-price elasticity also showed meat as the most responsive commodity to price increases compared to fish, poultry milk, and eggs. The five groups of commodities achieved a negative elasticity value, as reflected by the reduced share when the decreasing demand responds to the commodity price increase. The cross-price elasticity of most animal-sourced food commodity groups achieved negative elasticity values, which indicated that the related animal-sourced food commodity groups were complementary, whereas positive elasticity values indicate the related food commodities group as a substitute.
Observational evidence for dissociative shocks in the inner 100 AU of low-mass protostars using Herschel-HIFI
Creators: name: Kristensen, L. E.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Benz, A. O.
name: Bruderer, S.
name: Visser, R.
name: Wampfler, S. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herschel-HIFI spectra of H2O towards low-mass protostars show a distinct velocity component not seen in observations from the ground of CO or other species. The aim is to characterise this component in terms of excitation conditions and physical origin. A velocity component with an offset of ~10 km/s detected in spectra of the H2O 110-101 557 GHz transition towards six low-mass protostars in the 'Water in star-forming regions with Herschel' (WISH) programme is also seen in higher-excited H2O lines. The emission from this component is quantified and excitation conditions are inferred using 1D slab models. Data are compared to observations of hydrides (high-J CO, OH+, CH+, C+, OH) where the same component is uniquely detected. The velocity component is detected in all 6 targeted H2O transitions (Eup~50-250K), and in CO 16-15 towards one source, Ser SMM1. Inferred excitation conditions imply that the emission arises in dense (n~5x10^6-10^8 cm^-3) and hot (T~750K) gas. The H2O and CO column densities are ~10^16 and 10^18 cm^-2, respectively, implying a low H2O abundance of 10^-2 with respect to CO. The high column densities of ions such as OH+ and CH+ (both ~10^13 cm^-2) indicate an origin close to the protostar where the UV field is strong enough that these species are abundant. The estimated radius of the emitting region is 100AU. This component likely arises in dissociative shocks close to the protostar, an interpretation corroborated by a comparison with models of such shocks. Furthermore, one of the sources, IRAS4A, shows temporal variability in the offset component over a period of two years which is expected from shocks in dense media. High-J CO gas detected with Herschel-PACS with Trot~700K is identified as arising in the same component and traces the part of the shock where H2 reforms. Thus, H2O reveals new dynamical components, even on small spatial scales in low-mass protostars.
description: 13 pages, accepted for publication in A&A
Gender Differences Relative to Smoking Behavior and Emissions of Toxins from Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
Creators: name: Melikian, Assieh A.
name: Djordjevic, Mirjana V.
name: Hosey, James
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Chen, Shuquan
name: Zang, Edith
name: Muscat, Joshua
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Environmental health
Public health
Oncology

description: This study examined whether gender differences exist in the exposure to select mainstream cigarette smoke toxins as a result of differences in smoking behavior or type of cigarettes smoked among 129 female and 128 male smokers. Smoking topography data indicated that, compared with men, women took smaller puffs (37.6 ml/puff vs. 45.8 ml/puff; p = .0001) of shorter duration (1.33 s/puff vs. 1.48 s/puff; p = .002) but drew more puffs per cigarette (13.5 vs. 12.0; p = .001) and left longer butts (36.3 mm or 40.2% of cigarette length vs. 34.3 mm or 39.2% of cigarette length; p = .01). These trends were similar in both African Americans and European Americans. The emissions of select toxins per cigarette, as determined by mimicking human smoking behaviors were greater among the male smokers than the female smokers and correlated significantly with delivered smoke volume per cigarette. The geometric means of emissions of nicotine from cigarettes were 1.92 mg/cigarette (95% CI = 1.80-2.05) for women versus 2.20 (95% CI = 2.04-2.37) for men (p = .005). Cigarettes smoked by women yielded 139.5 ng/cigarette of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; 95% CI = 128.8-151.0), compared with 170.3 ng/cigarette (95% CI = 156.3-185.6) for men (p = .0007); benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) emissions were 18.0 ng/cigarette (95% CI = 17.0-19.0) for women and 20.5 ng/cigarette (95% CI = 18.8-22.3) for men (p = .01). The gender differences with regard to cigarette smoke yields of toxins were more profound in European Americans than in African Americans. On average, African American men's smoking habits produced the highest emissions of select toxins from cigarettes, and European American female smokers had the lowest exposure to carcinogens and toxins. Several studies have suggested that women may be more susceptible than men to the ill effects of carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke, whereas other studies have not found differences in lung cancer risk between men and women. The present study suggests that gender differences in exposure to tobacco smoke cannot account for a higher rate of lung cancer in female smokers compared with male smokers.
Neutrino mass hierarchy and electron neutrino oscillation parameters with one hundred thousand reactor events
Creators: name: Capozzi, F.
name: Lisi, E.
name: Marrone, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proposed medium-baseline reactor neutrino experiments offer unprecedented opportunities to probe, at the same time, the mass-mixing parameters which govern $ν_e$ oscillations both at short wavelength (delta m^2 and theta_{12}) and at long wavelength (Delta m^2 and theta_{13}), as well as their tiny interference effects related to the mass hierarchy (i.e., the relative sign of Delta m^2 and delta m^2). In order to take full advantage of these opportunities, precision calculations and refined statistical analyses of event spectra are required. In such a context, we revisit several input ingredients, including: nucleon recoil in inverse beta decay and its impact on energy reconstruction and resolution, hierarchy and matter effects in the oscillation probability, spread of reactor distances, irreducible backgrounds from geoneutrinos and from far reactors, and degeneracies between energy scale and spectrum shape uncertainties. We also introduce a continuous parameter alpha, which interpolates smoothly between normal hierarchy (alpha=+1) and inverted hierarchy (alpha=-1). The determination of the hierarchy is then transformed from a test of hypothesis to a parameter estimation, with a sensitivity given by the distance of the true case (either alpha=+1 or alpha=-1) from the undecidable case (alpha=0). Numerical experiments are performed for the specific set up envisaged for the JUNO project, assuming a realistic sample of O(10^5) reactor events. We find a typical sensitivity of ~2 sigma to the hierarchy in JUNO, which, however, can be challenged by energy scale and spectrum shape systematics, whose possible conspiracy effects are investigated. The prospective accuracy reachable for the other mass-mixing parameters is also discussed.
description: 25 pages, including 19 figures
Assessment of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in adipose breast tissue using a supercritical fluid extraction method
Creators: name: Djordjevic, Mirjana V.
name: Hoffmann, Dietrich
name: Fan, Jingrun
name: Prokopczyk, Bogdan
name: Citron, Marc L.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Epidemiology
Oncology

description: A precise and highly reproducible analytical method was developed for the assessment of organochlorinated pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in adipose tissue (> or = 50 mg). The method can be utilized for epidemiological studies on the significance of these environmental pollutants in the etiology of breast cancer. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2 and modified CO2 (addition of 5% dichloromethane) is employed to remove incurred pesticide residues from adipose tissues that have been surgically removed from breast cancer patients and controls. An alumina sorbent, placed in the extracting vessel together with a specimen, removes the bulk of co-extracted lipids; a subsequent purification of the SFE extracts by column chromatography on alumina removes the remaining traces of lipids that would interfere with the gas chromatographic analysis with electron capture detection. The method was tested by analyzing a Certified Reference Material 430 pork fat with known amounts of pesticide residues that are commonly found in fat or in foods with a high fat content. The recoveries of analytes ranged from 73.4% for endrin to 115% for alpha-, beta- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene and dieldrin, with standard deviations of 4-12% for individual analytes. The analysis of adipose tissue for organochlorinated compounds on the basis of this new method suggested that the pesticide levels were higher in breast cancer patients than in controls. However, the small number of samples analyzed in this study (n = 5, both groups) precludes definitive conclusions. The most abundant compounds in both cases and controls were p, p-DDE (379 +/- 286 and 160 +/- 149 p.p.b.) and PCB (223 +/- 145 and 124 +/- 65.7 p.p.b.), followed by the termiticide chlordane residues oxychlordane and transnonachlor.
Rotating lattice
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Arata
name: Hirono, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the lattice QCD formulation in rotating frames. We start with the continuum QCD action in rotating frames, and then discretize it on the lattice. For the first test of the formulation, we calculate angular momentum in the quenched Monte Carlo simulation, and confirm that the formulation works successfully.
description: Talk given at 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE 2013), Mainz, Germany
Electromagnetic fields and potentials generated by massless charged particles
Creators: name: Azzurli, Francesco
name: Lechner, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide for the first time the exact solution of Maxwell's equations for a massless charged particle moving on a generic trajectory at the speed of light. In particular we furnish explicit expressions for the vector potential and the electromagnetic field, which were both previously unknown, finding that they entail different physical features for bounded and unbounded trajectories. With respect to the standard Lienard-Wiechert field the electromagnetic field acquires singular delta-like contributions whose support and dimensionality depend crucially on whether the motion is a) linear, b) accelerated unbounded, c) accelerated bounded. In the first two cases the particle generates a planar shock-wave-like electromagnetic field traveling along a straight line. In the second and third cases the field acquires, in addition, a delta-like contribution supported on a physical singularity-string attached to the particle. For generic accelerated motions a genuine radiation field is also present, represented by a regular principal-part type distribution diverging on the same singularity-string.
description: 34 pages, no figures
Exposure Opportunity Models for Agent Orange, Dioxin, and Other Military Herbicides Used in Vietnam, 1961–1971
Creators: name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Stellman, Jeanne M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Nearly 19.5 million gallons of herbicides were sprayed on the Republic of Vietnam between 1961 and 1971 for military purposes. Amounts of spray and patterns of applications are available in an electronic file called HERBS that contains records of 9141 defoliation missions, including detailed coordinates of US Air Force Ranch Hand aircraft flight paths, along with chemical agent and gallonage sprayed. Two classes of models for use in epidemiological and environmental studies that utilize the HERBS data for estimating relative exposure opportunity indices are presented: a discrete "hits" model that counts instances of proximity in time and space to known herbicide applications, and a continuous exposure opportunity index, E4, that takes into account type and amount of herbicide sprayed, distance from spray application, and time interval when exposure may have occurred. Both direct spraying and indirect exposure to herbicide (or dioxin) that may have remained in the local environment are considered, using a conservative first-order model for environmental disappearance. A correction factor for dermal versus respiratory routes of entry has been incorporated. E4 has a log-normal distribution that spans six orders of magnitude, thus providing a substantial amount of discrimination between sprayed and unsprayed areas. The models improve on earlier ones by making full use of the geometry of the HERBS spray flight paths of Ranch Hand aircraft. To the extent possible so many decades after the War, the models have been qualitatively validated by comparison with recent dioxin soil and biota samples from heavily contaminated areas of Vietnam, and quantitatively validated against adipose dioxin obtained in epidemiological studies of Vietnamese. These models are incorporated within a geographic information system (GIS) that may be used, as one would expect, to identify locations such as hamlets, villages, and military installations sprayed by herbicide. In a novel application, the GIS also facilitates quantitative risk assessment in epidemiological and ecological studies by applying the models within a framework of historical reconstruction of exposure history of individuals based upon their location histories.
Characterization of Exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam Veterans as a Basis for Epidemiological Studies
Creators: name: Stellman, Jeanne M.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Epidemiology
Agent Orange
Herbicides--War use
Herbicides--Health aspects
Vietnam War, 1961-1975

description: Between 1961 and 1970, the U.S. military engaged in massive chemical defoliation and crop destruction operations in Southeast Asia. In 1985, nearly two decades after the spraying had ceased, a landmark tort settlement was reached between a class of Vietnam veterans and the chemical manufacturers that had supplied the Agent Orange and other military herbicides to the U.S. Department of Defense. It is notable that, at the time of the settlement, there was little convincing epidemiological evidence available, either positive or negative, on the health consequences to veterans of the herbicide operations. Today, more than three decades after this massive environmental exposure, there is still a dearth of epidemiological data on the extent to which adverse health consequences resulted from the use, storage, and disposal of the herbicides in Vietnam.

This paucity of epidemiological data stands in stark contrast to the extensive amount of experimental data available on dioxin, an important contaminant in about 60% of the herbicide sprayed. Much laboratory data convincingly demonstrate dioxin's extreme toxicity. The scientific literature also is growing with respect to the carcinogenicity of the organic arsenical that was a primary component of the Agent Blue used to destroy enemy food crops. Many epidemiological studies have been carried out on other, much smaller populations exposed to the same chemicals. Indeed, when the Institute of Medicine (IOM) conducts its biennial review of the scientific literature and provides the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) with a summary, including its appraisal of the relationship between herbicide exposure and a list of health outcomes, it relies to a large extent on the studies carried out of non-veteran populations to support its conclusions. The degree to which these other studies correctly estimate the health effects in Vietnam veterans is not known. Thus there continue to be practical ramifications to the paucity of definitive epidemiological studies on a sufficiently large exposed population of either veterans or Vietnamese citizens.
High Fiber Intake: Indicator of a Healthy Lifestyle
Creators: name: Wynder, Ernst L.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Zhang, Edith A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Epidemiology
Public health

description: In this issue of JAMA, Rimm and coworkers at the Harvard School of Public Health report that "fiber, independent of fat intake, is an important dietary component for the prevention of coronary disease." Their conclusion is based on observations within a cohort of more than 40 000 male health professionals followed up for 6 years to an end point of either myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary death. If correct, the finding is important because it could provide the basis for nutritional advice that will affect many groups in our society, including average Americans, practicing physicians, and the food industry, among others. Some might even interpret it as justification for advising Americans to eat more high-fiber food without necessarily making other dietary modifications.
Modeling the hydro-mechanical responses of strip and circular punch loadings on water-saturated collapsible geomaterials
Creators: name: Sun, WaiChing
name: Chen, Qiushi
name: Ostien, Jakob T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Engineering geology

description: A stabilized enhanced strain finite element procedure for poromechanics is fully integrated with an elasto-plastic cap model to simulate the hydro-mechanical interactions of fluid-infiltrating porous rocks with associative and non-associative plastic flow. We present a quantitative analysis on how macroscopic plastic volumetric response caused by pore collapse and grain rearrangement affects the seepage of pore fluid, and vice versa. Results of finite element simulations imply that the dissipation of excess pore pressure may significantly affect the stress path and thus alter the volumetric plastic responses.
The relationship between five different measures of structural social capital, medical examination outcomes, and mortality
Creators: name: Muennig, Peter A.
name: Cohen, Alison K.
name: Palmer, Aileen
name: Zhu, Wenyi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Social sciences--Research
Public health

description: Higher social capital is associated with improved mental and physical health and reduced risk of premature mortality. We explored the relationship between five measures of structural social capital and 1) intermediate health outcomes (elevated C-reactive protein, cholesterol, blood pressure, and serum fibrinogen) and 2) distal outcomes (cardiovascular and all cause mortality). We did so using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III 1988–1994 linked to the National Death Index with mortality follow-up through 2006. We employed ordinary least squares regression for the intermediate outcomes, seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) to consider combined effects, and Cox proportionate hazards models for mortality outcomes. We then performed extensive sensitivity analyses, exploring the contribution of various variables and reverse causality. We find that our measures of social capital did not predict statistically significant changes in the laboratory biomarkers we study. Nevertheless, belonging to organizations or attending church > 12 times per year were associated with reduced all cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.93 and HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60–0.86, respectively). In SUR analyses, however, combined laboratory values were significant for all measures of social capital we study with the exception of visits to neighbors. This suggests that some forms of structural social capital improve survival through small changes in multiple measures of biological risk factors rather than moderate or large changes in any one measure.
Rigidity of equality cases in Steiner's perimeter inequality
Creators: name: Cagnetti, Filippo
name: Colombo, Maria
name: De Philippis, Guido
name: Maggi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Characterization results for equality cases and for rigidity of equality cases in Steiner's perimeter inequality are presented. (By rigidity, we mean the situation when all equality cases are vertical translations of the Steiner's symmetral under consideration.) We achieve this through the introduction of a suitable measure-theoretic notion of connectedness and a fine analysis of barycenter functions for sets of finite perimeter having segments as orthogonal sections with respect to an hyperplane.
description: 53 pages