cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
X-ray cavities in a sample of 83 SPT-selected clusters of galaxies: Tracing the evolution of AGN feedback in clusters of galaxies out to z=1.2
Creators: name: Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.
name: McDonald, M.
name: Benson, B. A.
name: Forman, W. R.
name: Allen, S. W.
name: Bleem, L. E.
name: Ashby, M. L. N.
name: Bocquet, S.
name: Brodwin, M.
name: Dietrich, J. P.
name: Jones, C.
name: Liu, J.
name: Saliwanchik, B. R.
name: Saro, A.
name: Schrabback, T.
name: Song, J.
name: Stalder, B.
name: Vikhlinin, A.
name: Zenteno, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray cavities are key tracers of mechanical (or radio mode) heating arising from the active galactic nuclei (AGN) in brightest cluster galaxies. We report on a survey for X-ray cavities in 83 massive, high-redshift (0.40.5) redshift. Despite these limitations, our results suggest that the power generated by AGN feedback in brightest cluster galaxies has remained unchanged for over half of the age of the Universe (>7 Gyrs at z=0.8). On average, the detected X-ray cavities have powers of 0.8-5*10^45 erg/s, enthalpies of 3-6*10^59 erg, and radii of 17 kpc. Integrating over 7 Gyrs, we find that the supermassive black holes in the brightest cluster galaxies may have accreted 10^8 to several 10^9M_sun of material to power these outflows. This level of accretion indicates that significant supermassive black hole growth may occur not only at early times, in the quasar era, but at late times as well. We also find that X-ray cavities at high-redshift may inject an excess heat of 0.1-1.0 keV per particle into the hot intracluster medium above and beyond the energy needed to offset cooling. This value is similar to the energy needed to preheat clusters, break self-similarity, and explain the excess entropy in hot atmospheres.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Submitted for publication in ApJ
The Greeks and Sardinia at The Dawn of the 6th Century BC. Chronology and Rites of the Necropolis of Sulky: Tomb 1 in Belvedere street
Creators: name: Bartoloni, Piero
Publisher: name: Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche
Year: 2023

description: Cronologia e riti dalla necropoli di Sulky: la tomba 1 della “Via Belvedere”. La tomba ipogea della necropoli di Sulky è situata al margine sud-occidentale della necropoli composta da tombe a camera. I corpi dei defunti sono accompagnati da un ricco corredo composto da piatti, coppe, lucerne, brocche rituali e anfore, sia di uso domestico che commerciale. Alcuni gioielli completano il corredo. La presenza dei Greci in Sardegna, anche se solo temporanea, è stata Greci in Sardegna, anche se solo temporanea, è stata a lungo discussa. I reperti disponibili sembrano suggerire che popolazioni focesi possano essersi insediate in Sardegna dai primi decenni al fine del VI secolo a.C. Un esempio efficace di conflitto tra i Fenici, i Sardi e i Greci che vivevano nell’isola può essere suggerito dagli eventi che interessarono sia l’insediamento di Cuccureddus, nei pressi di Capo Carbonara, che il sito di Santa Maria di Villaputzu, l’antica Sarcapos, presso la foce del Flumendosa.
description: Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche, V. 8 (2023)
Measurement of the quenching and channeling effects in a CsI crystal used for a WIMP search
Creators: name: Lee, J. H.
name: Kim, G. B.
name: Seong, I. S.
name: Kim, B. H.
name: Kim, J. H.
name: Li, J.
name: Park, J. W.
name: Lee, J. K.
name: Kim, K. W.
name: Bhang, H.
name: Kim, S. C.
name: Choi, Seonho
name: Choi, J. H.
name: Joo, H. W.
name: Lee, S. J.
name: Olsen, S. L.
name: Myung, S. S.
name: Kim, S. K.
name: Kim, Y. D.
name: Kang, W. G.
name: So, J. H.
name: Kim, H. J.
name: Lee, H. S.
name: Hahn, I. S.
name: Leonard, D. S.
name: Li, J.
name: Li, Y. J.
name: Yue, Q.
name: Li, X. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied channeling effects in a Cesium Iodide (CsI) crystal that is similar in composition to the ones being used in a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) dark matter candidates, and measured its energy-dependent quenching factor, the relative scintillation yield for electron and nuclear recoils. The experimental results are reproduced with a GEANT4 simulation that includes a model of the scintillation efficiency as a function of electronic stopping power. We present the measured and simulated quenching factors and the estimated effects of channeling.
Enhanced Line Signals from Annihilating Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter
Creators: name: Arina, Chiara
name: Bringmann, Torsten
name: Silk, Joseph
name: Vollmann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monochromatic gamma ray lines have long been known to provide potential smoking gun signals for annihilating dark matter. Here, we demonstrate that the situation is particularly interesting for Kaluza-Klein dark matter because resonant annihilation is generically expected for small, but not necessarily vanishing relative velocities of the annihilating particles. We calculate the contribution from those hitherto neglected resonances and show that the annihilation rate into monochromatic photons can be significantly enhanced, in a way that is much more pronounced than for the associated production of continuum photons. For favorable astrophysical conditions, this leads to promising prospects for the detection of TeV-scale Kaluza-Klein dark matter. We also point out that the situation may be even more interesting in the vicinity of black holes, like the supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy, where in principle center-of-mass energies much larger than the rest mass are available. In this case, annihilating Kaluza-Klein dark matter may show the striking and unique signature of several gamma ray lines, with an equidistant spacing corresponding to twice the compactification radius of the extra dimension.
The Dearth of Neutral Hydrogen in Galactic Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Creators: name: Spekkens, K.
name: Urbancic, N.
name: Mason, B. S.
name: Willman, B.
name: Aguirre, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new upper limits on the neutral hydrogen (HI) content within the stellar half-light ellipses of 15 Galactic dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), derived from pointed observations with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) as well as Arecibo L-band Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey and Galactic All-Sky Survey (GASS) data. All of the limits Mlim are more stringent than previously reported values, and those from the GBT improve upon contraints in the literature by a median factor of 23. Normalizing by V-band luminosity Lv and dynamical mass Mdyn, we find Mlim/Lv ~ 10^{-3} Mo/Lo and Mlim/Mdyn ~ 5 x 10^{-5}, irrespective of location in the Galactic halo. Comparing these relative HI contents to those of the Local Group and nearby neighbor dwarfs compiled by McConnachie, we find that the Galactic dSphs are extremely gas-poor. Our HI upper limits therefore provide the clearest picture yet of the environmental dependence of the HI content in Local Volume dwarfs. If ram pressure stripping explains the dearth of HI in these systems, then orbits in a relatively massive Milky Way are favored for the outer halo dSph Leo I, while Leo II and Canes Venatici I have had a pericentric passage in the past. For Draco and Ursa Minor, the interstellar medium mass that should accumulate through stellar mass loss in between pericentric passages exceeds Mlim by a factor of ~30. In Ursa Minor, this implies that either this material is not in the atomic phase, or that another mechanism clears the recycled gas on shorter timescales.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Advances in machine-learning-based sampling motivated by lattice quantum chromodynamics
Creators: name: Cranmer, Kyle
name: Kanwar, Gurtej
name: Racanière, Sébastien
name: Rezende, Danilo J.
name: Shanahan, Phiala E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sampling from known probability distributions is a ubiquitous task in computational science, underlying calculations in domains from linguistics to biology and physics. Generative machine-learning (ML) models have emerged as a promising tool in this space, building on the success of this approach in applications such as image, text, and audio generation. Often, however, generative tasks in scientific domains have unique structures and features -- such as complex symmetries and the requirement of exactness guarantees -- that present both challenges and opportunities for ML. This Perspective outlines the advances in ML-based sampling motivated by lattice quantum field theory, in particular for the theory of quantum chromodynamics. Enabling calculations of the structure and interactions of matter from our most fundamental understanding of particle physics, lattice quantum chromodynamics is one of the main consumers of open-science supercomputing worldwide. The design of ML algorithms for this application faces profound challenges, including the necessity of scaling custom ML architectures to the largest supercomputers, but also promises immense benefits, and is spurring a wave of development in ML-based sampling more broadly. In lattice field theory, if this approach can realize its early promise it will be a transformative step towards first-principles physics calculations in particle, nuclear and condensed matter physics that are intractable with traditional approaches.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
The WISE Blazar-Like Radio-Loud Sources: An All-Sky Catalog Of Candidate Gamma-Ray Blazars
Creators: name: D'Abrusco, R.
name: Massaro, F.
name: Paggi, A.
name: Smith, H. A.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Landoni, M.
name: Tosti, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a catalog of radio-loud candidate gamma-ray emitting blazars with WISE mid-infrared colors similar to the colors of confirmed gamma-ray blazars. The catalog is assembled from WISE sources detected in all four WISE filters, with colors compatible with the three-dimensional locus of the WISE gamma-ray emitting blazars, and which can be spatially cross-matched with radio sources from either one of the three radio surveys: NVSS, FIRST and/or SUMSS. Our initial WISE selection uses a slightly modified version of previously successful algorithms. We then select only the radio-loud sources using a measure of the radio-to-IR flux, the q22 parameter, which is analogous to the q24 parameter known in the literature but which instead uses the WISE band-four flux at 22 micron. Our final catalog contains 7855 sources classified as BL Lacs, FSRQs or mixed candidate blazars; 1295 of these sources can be spatially re-associated with confirmed blazars. We describe the properties of the final catalog of WISE blazar-like radio-loud sources and consider possible contaminants. Finally, we discuss why this large catalog of candidate gamma-ray emitting blazars represents a new and useful resource to address the problem of finding low energy counterparts to currently unidentified high-energy sources.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS
An Accurate Graph Generative Model with Tunable Features
Creators: name: Yokoyama, Takahiro
name: Sato, Yoshiki
name: Tsugawa, Sho
name: Watabe, Kohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A graph is a very common and powerful data structure used for modeling communication and social networks. Models that generate graphs with arbitrary features are important basic technologies in repeated simulations of networks and prediction of topology changes. Although existing generative models for graphs are useful for providing graphs similar to real-world graphs, graph generation models with tunable features have been less explored in the field. Previously, we have proposed GraphTune, a generative model for graphs that continuously tune specific graph features of generated graphs while maintaining most of the features of a given graph dataset. However, the tuning accuracy of graph features in GraphTune has not been sufficient for practical applications. In this paper, we propose a method to improve the accuracy of GraphTune by adding a new mechanism to feed back errors of graph features of generated graphs and by training them alternately and independently. Experiments on a real-world graph dataset showed that the features in the generated graphs are accurately tuned compared with conventional models.
description: This paper was presented at the 32nd International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 2023) Poster Track
title: Viel zu tun, wenig Zeit
title: Looted Cultural Assets – kooperative Provenienzforschung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Finsterwalder, Sebastian
name: Latza, Sina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: NS-Raubgut
subject: Restitution
subject: Forschungsdatenbank
subject: Kooperation
subject: Nazi loot
subject: restitution
subject: research data bank
subject: co-operation
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften::020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Die Aufgabe, vor der die NS-Raubgutforschung steht – die Erfassung, Verzeichnung und Restitution geraubter Bestände sowie die Publikation der Forschungsergebnisse – stellt enorme Anforderungen an die in den einzelnen Einrichtungen Forschenden. Die meist für einen knapp befristeten Zeitraum finanzierten Forschungsprojekte entwickeln im Ergebnis häufig pragmatische Insellösungen.Am Beispiel der aus einer dieser Insellösungen weiter entwickelten Datenbank Looted Cultural Assets will der Aufsatz aufzeigen, wie Provenienzforschung in Einrichtungen, die vom Kulturgutraub im Nationalsozialismus profitiert haben, auf kooperativer Basis betrieben werden kann.
Low Dimensional Noble-metallic Nanomaterials for Soft Bioelectronics
Creators: name: LU, YAN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 401804
subject: Nanoelectronics
classificationCode: 300101
subject: Agricultural biotechnology diagnostics (incl. biosensors)
classificationCode: 310607
subject: Nanobiotechnology
classificationCode: 401611
subject: Wearable materials
classificationCode: 340303
subject: Nanochemistry

description: This thesis work contributes to the development of low-dimensional nanomaterial-based nanocomposites for soft bioelectronics. Fundamental understanding of soft optical sensors, new synthetic mechanism of one-step nanowire growth for wearable electronics and fabrication of flexible fuel cells are achieved. It indicates the potential of the low-dimensional nanomaterials for next-generation on-skin healthcare and wearable bioelectronics.
The response of human induced pluripotent stem cells to cyclic temperature changes explored by BIO-AFM
Creators: name: Nie, Yan
name: Wang, Weiwei
name: Xu, Xun
name: Ma, Nan
name: Lendlein, Andreas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science, general
subject: Materials Engineering
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: Applied and Technical Physics
subject: Nanotechnology
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
subject: Biomaterials
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are highly sensitive to extrinsic physical and biochemical signals from their extracellular microenvironments. In this study, we analyzed the effect of cyclic temperature changes on hiPSCs behaviors, especially by means of scanning force microscopy (BIO-AFM). The alternation in cellular mechanics, as well as the secretion and pattern of deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in hiPSCs were evaluated. The arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton changed with the variation of the temperature. The rearranged cytoskeleton architecture led to the subsequent changes in cell mechanics (Young's modulus of hiPSCs). With the exposure to the cyclic cold stimuli, an increase in the average surface roughness (Ra) and roughness mean square (RMS) was detected. This observation might be at least in part due to the upregulated secretion of Laminin α5 during repeated temporary cooling. The expression of pluripotent markers, NANOG and SOX2, was not impaired in hiPSCs, when exposed to the cyclic cold stimuli for 24 h. Our findings provide an insight into the effect of temperature on the hiPSC behaviors, which may contribute to a better understanding of the application of locally controlled therapeutic hypothermia.
Herschel and Spitzer observations of slowly rotating, nearby isolated neutron stars
Creators: name: Posselt, B.
name: Pavlov, G. G.
name: Popov, S. B.
name: Wachter, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova fallback disks around neutron stars have been discussed to influence the evolution of the diverse neutron star populations. Slowly rotating neutron stars are most promising to find such disks. Searching for the cold and warm debris of old fallback disks, we carried out Herschel PACS (70 $μ$m, 160 $μ$m) and Spitzer IRAC (3.6 $μ$m, 4.5 $μ$m) observations of eight slowly rotating ($P\approx 3 - 11$ s) nearby ($<1$ kpc) isolated neutron stars. Herschel detected 160 $μ$m emission ($>5σ$) at locations consistent with the positions of the neutron stars RX J0806.4-4123 and RX J2143.0+0654. No other significant infrared emission was detected from the eight neutron stars. We estimate probabilities of 63%, 33% and 3% that, respectively, none, one, or both Herschel PACS 160 $μ$m detections are unrelated excess sources due to background source confusion or an interstellar cirrus. If the 160 $μ$m emission is indeed related to cold (10 K to 22 K) dust around the neutron stars, this dust is absorbing and re-emitting $\sim 10$% to $\sim 20$% of the neutron stars' X-rays. Such high efficiencies would be at least three orders of magnitude larger than the efficiencies of debris disks around nondegenerate stars. While thin dusty disks around the neutron stars can be excluded as counterparts of the 160 $μ$m emission, dusty asteroid belts constitute a viable option.
description: 22 pages, 26 Figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in ApJS
The invariant integral of physical mesomechanics as the Foundation of mathematical physics: some applications to cosmology, electrodynamics, mechanics and Geophysics
Creators: name: Cherepanov G., P.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2015
Subjects: ИНВАРИАНТНЫЙ ИНТЕГРАЛ
ЗАКОН НЬЮТОНА
ЗАКОН КУЛОНА
ЗАКОН АРХИМЕДА
РАЗРУШЕНИЕ
ФРЕКИНГ
ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНОЕ БУРЕНИЕ
ДОБЫЧА СЛАНЦЕВОГО ГАЗА/НЕФТИ
ТРЕЩИНЫ И ДИСЛОКАЦИИ
COULOMB'S LAW
NEWTON'S LAW
ARCHIMEDES' LAW
SHALE GAS/OIL EXTRACTION
INVARIANT INTEGRAL
FRACTURING
HORIZONTAL DRILLING
THEORY OF FRACKING
CRACKS AND DISLOCATIONS

description: The general invariant integral based on the energy conservation law is introduced into physical mesomechanics, with taking into account the cosmic, gravitational, mass, elastic, thermal and electromagnetic energy of matter. The physical mesomechanics thus becomes a mega-mechanics embracing most of the scales of nature. Some basic laws following from the general invariant integral are indicated, including Coulomb’s law of electricity generalized for moving electric charges, Newton’s law of gravitation generalized for coupled gravitational/cosmic field, the Archimedes’ law of buoyancy generalized for bodies partially submerged in water, and others. Using the invariant integral the temperature track behind moving cracks and dislocations is found out, and the coupling of elastic and thermal energies is set up in fracturing and plastic flow, namely for opening mode cracks and edge dislocations. For porous materials saturated with a fluid or gas, the notion of binary continuum is used to introduce the corresponding invariant integrals. As applied to the horizontal drilling and hydrofracturing of boreholes in the Earth’ crust, the field of pressure and flow rate as well as the fluid output from both a horizontal borehole and a disk-shape fracture issuing the borehole, are derived in the fluid extraction regime. A theory of fracking in shale gas/oil reservoirs is suggested for three basic regimes of the drill mud permeation into the multiply fractured rock region, with calculating the shape and volume of this region in terms of the geometry parameters and pressures of rock, drill mud and shale gas. The method of functional equations in the theory of a complex variable and the boundary layer method are also used to solve these problems.
Reporting and transparent research practices in sports medicine and orthopaedic clinical trials: a meta-research study
Creators: name: Schulz, Robert
name: Langen, Georg
name: Prill, Robert
name: Cassel, Michael
name: Weissgerber, Tracey L
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: clinical trials
subject: statistics & research methods
subject: sports medicine
subject: rehabilitation medicine
subject: orthopaedic & trauma surgery
subject: medical education & training
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objectives: Transparent reporting of clinical trials is essential to assess the risk of bias and translate research findings into clinical practice. While existing studies have shown that deficiencies are common, detailed empirical and field-specific data are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to examine current clinical trial reporting and transparent research practices in sports medicine and orthopaedics. Setting: Exploratory meta-research study on reporting quality and transparent research practices in orthopaedics and sports medicine clinical trials. Participants: The sample included clinical trials published in the top 25% of sports medicine and orthopaedics journals over 9 months. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Two independent reviewers assessed pre-registration, open data and criteria related to scientific rigour, like randomisation, blinding, and sample size calculations, as well as the study sample, and data analysis. Results: The sample included 163 clinical trials from 27 journals. While the majority of trials mentioned rigour criteria, essential details were often missing. Sixty per cent (95% confidence interval (CI) 53% to 68%) of trials reported sample size calculations, but only 32% (95% CI 25% to 39%) justified the expected effect size. Few trials indicated the blinding status of all main stakeholders (4%; 95% CI 1% to 7%). Only 18% (95% CI 12% to 24%) included information on randomisation type, method and concealed allocation. Most trials reported participants' sex/gender (95%; 95% CI 92% to 98%) and information on inclusion and exclusion criteria (78%; 95% CI 72% to 84%). Only 20% (95% CI 14% to 26%) of trials were pre-registered. No trials deposited data in open repositories. Conclusions: These results will aid the sports medicine and orthopaedics community in developing tailored interventions to improve reporting. While authors typically mention blinding, randomisation and other factors, essential details are often missing. Greater acceptance of open science practices, like pre-registration and open data, is needed. As these practices have been widely encouraged, we discuss systemic interventions that may improve clinical trial reporting.
Phalloidin Staining of Mice Cochlea Hair Cells
Creators: name: Qu, Harrison
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The video showcases the phallodin stain on a mice cochlea. The aim was to selectively stain the hair cells and analyse these structures, However phalloidin stains f-actin protein, that is widely expressed throughout the cochlea making it difficult to detect and differentiate the hair cells away from the rest of the cochlea structures.
Topical inflammasome inhibition with disulfiram prevents irritant contact dermatitis
Creators: name: Bonnekoh, Hanna
name: Vera, Carolina
name: Abad‐Perez, Angela
name: Radetzki, Silke
name: Neuenschwander, Martin
name: Specker, Edgar
name: Mahnke, Niklas Amadeus
name: Frischbutter, Stefan
name: Latz, Eicke
name: Nazaré, Marc
name: Kries, Jens V.
name: Maurer, Marcus
name: Scheffel, Jörg
name: Krause, Karoline
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: autoinflammation
subject: contact dermatitis
subject: disulfiram
subject: inflammasome
subject: interleukin-18
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The pathogenesis of contact dermatitis, a common inflammatory skin disease with limited treatment options, is held to be driven by inflammasome activation induced by allergens and irritants. We here aim to identify inflammasome-targeting treatment strategies for irritant contact dermatitis. Methods: A high content screen with 41,184 small molecules was performed using fluorescent Apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck formation as a readout for inflammasome activation. Hit compounds were validated for inhibition of interleukin (IL)-1β secretion. Of these, the approved thiuramdisulfide derivative disulfiram was selected and tested in a patch test model of irritant contact dermatitis in 25 healthy volunteers. Topical application of disulfiram, mometasone or vehicle was followed by application of sodiumdodecylsulfate (SDS) for 24 h each. Eczema induction was quantified by mexameter and laser speckle imaging. Corneocyte sampling of lesional skin was performed to assess inflammasome-mediated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Results: Disulfiram induced a dose-dependent inhibition of ASC speck formation and IL-1β release in cellular assays in vitro. In vivo, treatment with disulfiram, but not with vehicle and less mometasone, inhibited SDS-induced eczema. This was demonstrated by significantly lower erythema and total perfusion values assessed by mexameter and laser speckle imaging for disulfiram compared to vehicle (p < 0.001) and/or mometasone (p < 0.001). Also, corneocyte IL-18 levels were significantly reduced after application of disulfiram compared to vehicle (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We show that disulfiram is a dose-dependent inhibitor of inflammasome pathway activation in vitro and inhibitor of SDS-induced eczema in vivo. Topical application of disulfiram represents a potential treatment option for irritant contact dermatitis.
Privacy by Design: From Technologies to Architectures (Position Paper)
Creators: name: Antignac, Thibaud
name: Métayer, Daniel Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing work on privacy by design mostly focus on technologies rather than methodologies and on components rather than architectures. In this paper, we advocate the idea that privacy by design should also be addressed at the architectural level and be associated with suitable methodologies. Among other benefits, architectural descriptions enable a more systematic exploration of the design space. In addition, because privacy is intrinsically a complex notion that can be in tension with other requirements, we believe that formal methods should play a key role in this area. After presenting our position, we provide some hints on how our approach can turn into practice based on ongoing work on a privacy by design environment.
Circulating Spexin Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Fat Mass but Not with Physical Activity and Psychological Parameters in Women across a Broad Body Weight Spectrum
Creators: name: Suhs, Maria
name: Stengel, Andreas
name: Rudolph, Amelie
name: Schaper, Selina
name: Wölk, Ellen
name: Kobelt, Peter
name: Rose, Matthias
name: Hofmann, Tobias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: gut-brain axis
subject: patient-reported outcome
subject: psychoendocrinology
subject: psychometric
subject: psychosomatic stress
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Spexin (SPX) is a novel, widely expressed peptide, with anorexigenic effects demonstrated in animal models and negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) in humans. It increases locomotor activity in rodents and is elevated in human plasma following exercise. Studies have also shown an effect of stress and anxiety on SPX's expression in different brain structures in animals. The relationships between plasma SPX and physical activity, body composition, and patient-reported outcomes such as perceived stress, depressiveness, anxiety, and eating behaviors are unknown and were examined in this study over a wide BMI range. A total of 219 female (n = 68 with anorexia nervosa; n = 79 with obesity; n = 72 with normal weight) inpatients were enrolled. Perceived stress (PSQ 20), anxiety (GAD 7), depressiveness (PHQ 9), and eating disorder pathology (EDI 2), as well as BMI, bioimpedance analysis, and accelerometry, were measured cross-sectionally at the beginning of treatment and correlated with plasma SPX levels (measured by ELISA) obtained at the same time. Plasma SPX levels were negatively associated with BMI (r = -0.149, p = 0.027) and body fat mass (r = -0.149, p = 0.04), but did not correlate with perceived stress, anxiety, depressiveness, eating behavior, energy expenditure, and physical activity (p > 0.05). The results replicate the negative correlation of SPX with BMI and fat mass, but do not support the hypothesis that peripheral SPX plays a role in the regulation of stress, depressiveness, anxiety, eating behavior, or physical activity.
Land Clearing Investment Survey, 1975-77 -- A Report on a Landownership Follow-On Survey
Creators: name: Lewis, Douglas
name: Lewis, Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land
subject: Clearing
subject: Land use
subject: Investment
subject: Landowners

description: Over 10.6 million acres were cleared for agricultural use in the United States during 1975-77 by 317,500 ownership units. These owners cleared an average of 33 acres at an average cost of about $175 per acre. Total investment in clearing exceeded $1.5 billion for the 1975-77 period. About 6 million acres were cleared in the Southern Plains, Appalachian, and Southeast regions. Pasture and rangeland was an important use of land both before and after clearing.
Cognition-Mode Aware Variational Representation Learning Framework for Knowledge Tracing
Creators: name: Zhang, Moyu
name: Zhu, Xinning
name: Zhang, Chunhong
name: Pan, Feng
name: Qian, Wenchen
name: Zhao, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Knowledge Tracing (KT) task plays a crucial role in personalized learning, and its purpose is to predict student responses based on their historical practice behavior sequence. However, the KT task suffers from data sparsity, which makes it challenging to learn robust representations for students with few practice records and increases the risk of model overfitting. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a Cognition-Mode Aware Variational Representation Learning Framework (CMVF) that can be directly applied to existing KT methods. Our framework uses a probabilistic model to generate a distribution for each student, accounting for uncertainty in those with limited practice records, and estimate the student's distribution via variational inference (VI). In addition, we also introduce a cognition-mode aware multinomial distribution as prior knowledge that constrains the posterior student distributions learning, so as to ensure that students with similar cognition modes have similar distributions, avoiding overwhelming personalization for students with few practice records. At last, extensive experimental results confirm that CMVF can effectively aid existing KT methods in learning more robust student representations. Our code is available at https://github.com/zmy-9/CMVF.
description: Accepted by ICDM 2023, 10 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
From Desire to Performance: Comprehensive Review on Flibanserin and Sildenafil
Creators: name: Shashank T.
Publisher: name: gjrpublication
Year: 2024

description: This work aims at presenting a comparative analysis of Flibanserin an agent used to treat sexual dysfunction in women and Sildenafil an agent used to treat erectile dysfunction in men. Flibanserin is used to treat female sexual dysfunction that is known as hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women of the premenopausal age group while Sildenafil is mostly used in men to facilitate erectile dysfunction. It analyses their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, effectiveness, risk-benefit balance, tolerability, and effects upon patients. Neural inhibition of serotonin has also been seen to increase the intensity of sexual desire and libido, slightly improved with some side effects flirting with flibanserin. Sildenafil acts through enhancing the smooth muscle relaxation through inhibition of PDE5 and thus causing an increase in blood flow to the penis, and overall sildenafil has been reported to have high effectiveness coupled with relative safety in most of the male population. Awareness of the differences and specifics of these products may assist healthcare professionals in their choice of approaches to sexual dysfunction.
Carotenoids in Human Skin In Vivo: Antioxidant and Photo-Protectant Role against External and Internal Stressors
Creators: name: Darvin, Maxim E.
name: Lademann, Jürgen
name: Hagen, Jörg Von
name: Lohan, Silke B.
name: Kolmar, Harald
name: Meinke, Martina C.
name: Jung, Sora
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: beta-carotene
subject: lycopene
subject: zeaxanthin
subject: stratum corneum
subject: antioxidant status
subject: free radicals
subject: reactive oxygen species
subject: lipid oxygen species
subject: aging
subject: nutrition
subject: diet
subject: fruit and vegetables
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
subject: palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia
subject: hand-foot syndrome
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The antioxidant system of the human body plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and has an important protective function. Carotenoids have pronounced antioxidant properties in the neutralization of free radicals. In human skin, carotenoids have a high concentration in the stratum corneum (SC)-the horny outermost layer of the epidermis, where they accumulate within lipid lamellae. Resonance Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are optical methods that are used to non-invasively determine the carotenoid concentration in the human SC in vivo. It was shown by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that carotenoids support the entire antioxidant status of the human SC in vivo by neutralizing free radicals and thus, counteracting the development of oxidative stress. This review is devoted to assembling the kinetics of the carotenoids in the human SC in vivo using non-invasive optical and spectroscopic methods. Factors contributing to the changes of the carotenoid concentration in the human SC and their influence on the antioxidant status of the SC in vivo are summarized. The effect of chemotherapy on the carotenoid concentration of the SC in cancer patients is presented. A potential antioxidant-based pathomechanism of chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and a method to reduce its frequency and severity are discussed.
Influence of professional dental hygiene on oral and general health of retirement home residents: A comparative study
Creators: name: Peroz, Ingrid
name: Klein, Christoph
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: geriatric patients
subject: long-term care facilities
subject: professional oral hygiene
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objectives: The oral status of nursing home residents is poor. This could compromise general health. The controlled study investigated the influence of quarterly professional dental hygiene interventions on oral and general health of elderly. Material and Methods: 152 participants (mean age 84 years) of two residents' homes were examined. Parameters of general health, a questionnaire for caregivers, and oral parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 1 year. All caregivers were given one lesson on oral hygiene at baseline. In one home professional oral hygiene was performed every 3 months. Statistical analyses were done by Chi(2) test for nominal data and t-test for numeric data. Results: There were no significant differences between both homes regarding general health. Some oral parameters-if any-may be positively influenced by the intervention such as pocket depth, and Denture Hygiene Index and alterations of the mucosa. Conclusions: A quarterly professional hygiene is not able to influence general health and has-if any-little effect on oral health. This underlines the necessity for frequent interventions. An optimization of the health policy framework is necessary to allow caregivers more time for oral hygiene and to establish the accessibility of frequent professional health care for inhabitants in residents' homes.
Stability of the Kepler-11 System and its Origin
Creators: name: Mahajan, Nikhil
name: Wu, Yanqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A significant fraction of Kepler systems are closely-packed, largely coplanar and circular. We study the stability of a 6-planet system, Kepler-11, to gain insights on the dynamics and formation history of such systems. Using a technique called `frequency maps' as fast indicators for long-term stability, we explore the stability of Kepler-11 system by analyzing the neighbourhood space around its orbital parameters. Frequency maps provide a visual representation of chaos and stability, and their dependence on orbital parameters. We find that the current system is stable, but lies within a few percent of several dynamically dangerous 2-body mean-motion resonances. Planet eccentricities are restricted below a small value, $\sim 0.04$, for long-term stability, but planet masses can be more than twice their reported values (thus, allowing for the possibility of mass-loss by past photoevaporation). Based on our frequency maps, we speculate on the origin for instability in closely-packed systems. We then proceed to investigate how the system can have been assembled. The stability constraints on Kepler-11 (mainly, eccentricity constraints) suggest that if the system were assembled in-situ, a dissipation mechanism must have been at work to neutralize eccentricity excitation. On the other hand, if migration was responsible for assembling the planets, there has to be little differential migration among the planets, to avoid them either getting trapped into mean motion resonances, or crashing into each other.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication by ApJ. Comments encouraged!
Human Belief State-Based Exploration and Exploitation in an Information-Selective Symmetric Reversal Bandit Task
Creators: name: Horvath, Lilla
name: Colcombe, Stanley
name: Milham, Michael
name: Ray, Shruti
name: Schwartenbeck, Philipp
name: Ostwald, Dirk
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bandit problem
subject: Agent-based behavioral modeling
subject: Exploration
subject: Exploitation
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Humans often face sequential decision-making problems, in which information about the environmental reward structure is detached from rewards for a subset of actions. In the current exploratory study, we introduce an information-selective symmetric reversal bandit task to model such situations and obtained choice data on this task from 24 participants. To arbitrate between different decision-making strategies that participants may use on this task, we developed a set of probabilistic agent-based behavioral models, including exploitative and explorative Bayesian agents, as well as heuristic control agents. Upon validating the model and parameter recovery properties of our model set and summarizing the participants’ choice data in a descriptive way, we used a maximum likelihood approach to evaluate the participants’ choice data from the perspective of our model set. In brief, we provide quantitative evidence that participants employ a belief state-based hybrid explorative-exploitative strategy on the information-selective symmetric reversal bandit task, lending further support to the finding that humans are guided by their subjective uncertainty when solving exploration-exploitation dilemmas.
Reporting quality for abstracts of randomised trials on child and adolescent depression prevention: a meta-epidemiological study on adherence to CONSORT for abstracts
Creators: name: Wiehn, Jascha
name: Nonte, Johanna
name: Prugger, Christof
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: STATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODS
subject: MENTAL HEALTH
subject: PAEDIATRICS
subject: Child & adolescent psychiatry
subject: Depression & mood disorders
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objectives: This study aimed to investigate adherence to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for abstracts in reports of randomised trials on child and adolescent depression prevention. Secondary objective was to examine factors associated with overall reporting quality. Design: Meta-epidemiological study. Data sources: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PsycArticles and CENTRAL. Eligibility criteria: Trials were eligible if the sample consisted of children and adolescents under 18 years with or without an increased risk for depression or subthreshold depression. We included reports published from 1 January 2003 to 8 August 2020 on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster randomised trials (CRTs) assessing universal, selective and indicated interventions aiming to prevent the onset of depression or reducing depressive symptoms. Data extraction and synthesis: As the primary outcome measure, we assessed for each trial abstract whether information recommended by CONSORT was adequately reported, inadequately reported or not reported. Moreover, we calculated a summative score of overall reporting quality and analysed associations with trial and journal characteristics. Results: We identified 169 eligible studies, 103 (61%) RCTs and 66 (39%) CRTs. Adequate reporting varied considerably across CONSORT items: while 9 out of 10 abstracts adequately reported the study objective, no abstract adequately provided information on blinding. Important adverse events or side effects were only adequately reported in one out of 169 abstracts. Summative scores for the abstracts' overall reporting quality ranged from 17% to 83%, with a median of 40%. Scores were associated with the number of authors, abstract word count, journal impact factor, year of publication and abstract structure. Conclusions: Reporting quality for abstracts of trials on child and adolescent depression prevention is suboptimal. To help health professionals make informed judgements, efforts for improving adherence to reporting guidelines for abstracts are needed.
Inherent directionality explains the lack of feedback loops in empirical networks
Creators: name: Domínguez-García, Virginia
name: Pigolotti, Simone
name: Muñoz, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the hypothesis that the relative abundance of feedback loops in many empirical complex networks is severely reduced owing to the presence of an inherent global directionality. Aimed at quantifying this idea, we propose a simple probabilistic model in which a free parameter $γ$ controls the degree of inherent directionality. Upon strengthening such directionality, the model predicts a drastic reduction in the fraction of loops which are also feedback loops. To test this prediction, we extensively enumerated loops and feedback loops in many empirical biological, ecological and socio- technological directed networks. We show that, in almost all cases, empirical networks have a much smaller fraction of feedback loops than network randomizations. Quite remarkably, this empirical finding is quantitatively reproduced, for all loop lengths, by our model by fitting its only parameter $γ$. Moreover, the fitted value of $γ$ correlates quite well with another direct measurement of network directionality, performed by means of a novel algorithm. We conclude that the existence of an inherent network directionality provides a parsimonious quantitative explanation for the observed lack of feedback loops in empirical networks.