cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Corporate Governance and external audit on controlling discretionary accruals: A study of impacts on earnings management based on FTSE350, UK.
Creators: name: Aryal, Rishiram
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2022

description: While the interest of shareholders contradicts with the interests of the managers, agency problem appears. However, the principle of the agency theory is to establish the relationship between the shareholders and managers; and this thesis relies on the involvement of corporate governance and external audit who can resolve the issues between them. The main aim of this study is to identify the impact of corporate governance and external audit on controlling the discretionary accrual based on the FTSE350, in the UK. This study has considered the performance matched discretionary accruals to measure the magnitude of the discretionary accruals. The monitoring devices are established in the segmenting the models in two different categories; these are corporate governance and external audit. There are two models; first model and second model, formed and the hypotheses are created based on those attributes of the corporate governance and external audit. This study has considered the data from FTSE350 index of the UK; from 2014 – 2019. The variables of the first model; non-executive director’s fees and block holders are positively associated while managerial ownership and non-executive director’s meeting are negatively associated at 0.05 significant level. Further, remuneration committee independence is posi- tively associated with earnings management at P-value<0.1. On the other hand, the variables of second model, non-audit fee is positively associated whereas audit fee, Auditors with industrial specialism, audit expertise are negatively associated at P-value<0.05.
Use of Mouse Models to Study the Role of Tissue Factor in Tumor Biology
Creators: name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Pawlinski, Rafal
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade and plays an essential role in hemostasis. TF also contributes to many diseases, including cancer. The correlation between thrombosis and cancer has been recognized for more than a century. However, it is only in the past two decades that we have begun to understand the role of TF in tumor biology. TF expression is upregulated on both tumor and host cells in cancer patients as well as in the circulation. Clinical observations indicate a direct correlation between the levels of tumor cell TF expression and poor prognosis for cancer patients. The role of TF in tumor biology has been extensively studied using various mouse tumor models. It has been demonstrated that tumor cell TF contributes to tumor metastasis, growth, and angiogenesis. The role of host TF in tumor progression is less clear. Recently developed mouse models with altered levels of TF may be useful in further analysis of the role of host cell TF in cancer.
Development of the Endothelium: An Emphasis on Heterogeneity
Creators: name: Patterson, Cam
name: Dyer, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The endothelium is composed of specialized epithelial cells that line the vasculature, the lymph vessels, and the heart. These endothelial cells are characterized by their stratification and are connected via intercellular junctions that confer specific permeability. Although all endothelium acts as a barrier, considerable heterogeneity exists among different organs and even within vessels. During development, the endothelial cells are specified before they migrate to their final destination, and then they commit to an arterial or venous fate. From the venous endothelial cell population, a subset of cells is further specified as lymphatic endothelium. The endothelium can be highly permeable, as in the lymph vessels, or impenetrable, as in the blood-brain barrier. These differences arise during development and are orchestrated through a series of signaling pathways. This review details how endothelial cells arise and are directed to their specific fate, specifically targeting what differentiates endothelial populations.
Hierarchical clustering with OWA-based linkages, the Lance-Williams formula, and dendrogram inversions
Creators: name: Gagolewski, Marek
name: Cena, Anna
name: James, Simon
name: Beliakov, Gleb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Agglomerative hierarchical clustering based on Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operators not only generalises the single, complete, and average linkages, but also includes intercluster distances based on a few nearest or farthest neighbours, trimmed and winsorised means of pairwise point similarities, amongst many others. We explore the relationships between the famous Lance-Williams update formula and the extended OWA-based linkages with weights generated via infinite coefficient sequences. Furthermore, we provide some conditions for the weight generators to guarantee the resulting dendrograms to be free from unaesthetic inversions.
Tissue Factor and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor as Key Regulators of Global Hemostasis: Measurement of Their Levels in Coagulation Assays
Creators: name: Kasthuri, Raj
name: Glover, Sam
name: Boles, Jeremiah
name: Mackman, Nigel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The tissue factor (TF)/factor (F)VIIa complex is the primary initiator of coagulation in vivo. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the physiological inhibitor of the TF/FVIIa complex. Deficiencies of either TF or TFPI have not been reported in humans, and a complete absence of either of these two proteins in mice is embryonically lethal. To maintain normal hemostasis, levels of TF and TFPI need to be balanced. Increased levels of TF can overwhelm the inhibitory capacity of TFPI, resulting in thrombosis. Decreased levels of TF are associated with bleeding. Global assays of coagulation are defined as tests capable of evaluating all components of the clotting cascade that are present in plasma. In these tests the thrombogenic surface is either provided by platelets or exogenous phospholipids. Clotting assays currently used in clinical practice are not designed to measure endogenous levels of TF and TFPI. Therefore, there is a need to develop sensitive and specific assays for measuring levels of functional TF and TFPI in whole blood and plasma. These assays could be useful in patient management in many scenarios.
Integrating genomics into clinical oncology: Ethical and social challenges from proponents of personalized medicine
Creators: name: McGowan, Michelle L.
name: Fishman, Jennifer R.
name: Juengst, Eric T.
name: Settersten, Richard A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The use of molecular tools to individualize health care, predict appropriate therapies and prevent adverse health outcomes has gained significant traction in the field of oncology, under the banner of “personalized medicine.” Enthusiasm for personalized medicine in oncology has been fueled by success stories of targeted treatments for a variety of cancers based on their molecular profiles. Though these are clear indications of optimism for personalized medicine, little is known about the ethical and social implications of personalized approaches in clinical oncology. The objective of this study is to assess how a range of stakeholders engaged in promoting, monitoring, and providing personalized medicine understand the challenges of integrating genomic testing and targeted therapies into clinical oncology. The study involved the analysis of in-depth interviews with 117 basic scientists, clinician-researchers, clinicians in private practice, health professional educators, representatives of funding agencies, medical journal editors, entrepreneurs, and insurers whose experiences and perspectives on personalized medicine span a wide variety of institutional and professional settings. Despite considerable enthusiasm for this shift, promoters, monitors and providers of personalized medicine identified four domains which will still provoke heightened ethical and social concerns: (1) informed consent for cancer genomic testing, (2) privacy, confidentiality, and disclosure of genomic test results, (3) access to genomic testing and targeted therapies in oncology, and (4) the costs of scaling up pharmacogenomic testing and targeted cancer therapies. These specific concerns are not unique to oncology, or even genomics. However, those most invested in the success of personalized medicine view oncologists’ responses to these challenges as precedent-setting because oncology is farther along the path of clinical integration of genomic technologies than other fields of medicine. This study illustrates that the rapid emergence of personalized medicine approaches in clinical oncology provides a crucial lens for identifying and managing potential frictions and pitfalls that emerge as health care paradigms shift in these directions.
MASTER CURVE EVALUATION USING MINIATURE C(T) SPECIMENS AS PART OF A ROUND ROBIN PROGRAM WITHIN THE FRACTESUS PROJECT
Creators: name: F. Naziris
name: R. Hernandez Pascual
name: T. Metzler
name: E. Gaganidze
name: I. Uytdenhouwen
name: M. Kolluri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fracture Toughness
Master Curve Method
Mini-CT
Long Term Operation

description: Surveillance testing is the basis for all reactor pressure vessel (RPV) integrity and lifetime assessments to evaluate the validity of the RPV embrittlement trend curve used for a specific reactor. Most of the standard surveillance programmes, do not contain sufficient number of surveillance specimens for beyond the original design life of 40 years. Thus, testing methods based on small / sub-sized specimens are considered. Experimental programmes on un-irradiated RPV steels have proven that miniature compact tension (~4*10*10 mm3) specimens, mini-CT, can successfully be used for fracture toughness characterization in the transition regime to determine reference temperature (T0) based on the master curve method. However, application of miniature testing techniques on irradiated materials in hot cells comes along with several technical challenges such as remote controlled machining, application of the extensometers, manipulator sensitivity, accurate sample geometry measurement etc. In addition, the optimal test temperature range for obtaining valid KIc values for the mini-CT specimen is narrow and consequently sufficient number of specimens should be tested to guarantee a reliable valid T0- value. Within the FRACTESUS project, European and International efforts are joined to establish the foundation of small specimen fracture toughness validation and demonstration to achieve change in code and standards allowing to address the various national regulatory authority concerns. As part of the third work package (WP3), high-fluence fracture toughness data, on well characterized RPV materials, will be produced to serve as input for the guidelines of future testing. To assure the robustness of the testing procedures to the difference in testing machines or operators, a round robin (RR) exercise on un-irradiated materials is organised among the partners of WP3. This work presents the preliminary results of the mini-CT fracture toughness data on un-irradiated RPV SA508 Cl. 3 material which was independently tested by four institutes: CIEMAT, KIT, SCK CEN and NRG. All four institutes determined T0 according to the ASTM E1921 standard and the results are compared and discussed.
description: Open access abstract of PVP2023-107254
Empirical Evidence for Impacts of Internal Migration on Vegetation Dynamics in China from 1982 to 2000
Creators: name: Lord, Jackson
name: Xiao, Jingfeng
name: Zhou, Liming
name: Song, Conghe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Migration is one of the major socio-economic characteristics of China since the country adopted the policy of economic reform in late 1970s. Many studies have been dedicated to understand why and how people move, and the consequences of their welfare. The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental impacts of the large scale movement of population in China. We analyzed the trend in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) along with China migration data from the 1 percent national survey during 1982-1987, the 4th national census during 1985-1990 and the 5th national census during1995∼2000. We found that the internal migration in China has a statistically significant negative impact on vegetation growth at the provincial scale from 1982 to 2000 even though the overall vegetation abundance increased in China. The impact from migration (R2=0.47, P=0.0001) on vegetation dynamics is the second strongest as among the factors considered, including changes in annual mean air temperature (R2=0.50, P=0.0001) and annual total precipitation (R2=0.30, P=0.0049) and gross domestic production (R2= 0.25, P=0.0102). The negative statistical relationship between the rate of increase in total migration and the change in vegetation abundance is stronger (R2=0.56, P=0.0000) after controlling for the effects of changes in temperature and precipitation. In-migration dominates the impacts of migration on vegetation dynamics. Therefore, it is important for policy makers in China to take the impacts of migration on vegetation growth into account while making policies aiming at sustainable human-environment relations.
Global parameter optimization of Mather type plasma focus in the framework of the Gratton-Vargas two-dimensional snowplow model
Creators: name: Auluck, S K H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) is known to produce highly energetic ions, electrons and plasma environment which can be used for breeding of short-lived isotopes, plasma nanotechnology and other material processing applications. Commercial utilization of DPF in such areas would need a design tool which can be deployed in an automatic search for the best possible device configuration for a given application. The recently revisited [S K H Auluck, Physics of Plasmas 20, 112501 (2013)] Gratton-Vargas (GV) two-dimensional analytical snowplow model of plasma focus provides a numerical formula for dynamic inductance of a Mather type plasma focus fitted to thousands of automated computations, which enables construction of such design tool. This inductance formula is utilized in the present work to explore global optimization, based on first-principles optimality criteria, in a 4-dimensional parameter-subspace of the zero-resistance GV model. The optimization process is shown to reproduce the empirically observed constancy of the drive parameter over 8 decades in capacitor bank energy. The optimized geometry of plasma focus normalized to anode radius is shown to be independent of voltage, while the optimized anode radius is shown to be related to capacitor bank inductance.
description: Accepted for publication in Plasma Sources Science and Technology on 24th July 2014
ТОКЕНЫ И ИХ ПРАВОВОЙ СТАТУС: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ
Creators: name: Самогин А.С.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: право
регулирование
токен
криптовалюты
блокчейн
SEC
FinME
FATF
Сатоши Накамото
ICO
STO
Security token
Asset token
Waves platform
Парк Высоких Технологий
шестой технологический уклад
мир после COVID-19.

description: В статье анализируется опыт развития технологии блокчейн и становления блокчейн-систем в экономике. Делается попытка классификации различных видов токенов, а также разъяснение терминологии, связанной с криптовалютами. Анализируется опыт экономического развития токенов и юридического регулирования их обращения. Авторы приходят к выводу о возможности использования токенов в качестве легальных экономических и финансовых инструментов в ближайшем будущем.
ФИНАНСОВО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ВАЛЮТНОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯ В РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ
Creators: name: Григорьев И.В.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: валютное регулирование
валютный контроль
участники ВЭД
санкции
экономическая безопасность.

description: В статье анализируются финансово-правовые проблемы и перспективы развития валютного регулирования в России с целью обеспечения экономической безопасности страны в условиях санкционного давления. Также рассматривается внесение поправок в закон о валютном регулировании, как метод укрепления курса рубля и снижения оттока денежных средств за границу. В статье обозначены меры снижения административной нагрузки на резидентов и профессиональных участников ВЭД, а также проведен анализ валютного контроля в условиях текущей геополитической обстановки. Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена наличием высоких объемов вывода денежных средств с территории России.
A simple proof that anomalous weak values require coherence
Creators: name: Wagner, Rafael
name: Galvão, Ernesto F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum mechanical weak value $A_w=\left\langle ϕ|A|ψ\right \rangle / \left\langle ϕ| ψ\right\rangle$ of an observable $A$ is a measurable quantity associated with an observable $A$ and pre- and post-selected states $\vertψ\rangle, \vert ϕ\rangle$. Much has been discussed about the meaning and metrological uses of anomalous weak values, lying outside of the range of eigenvalues of $A$. We present a simple proof that anomalous weak values require that the (possibly mixed) pre- and post- selection states have coherence in the eigenbasis of $A$. We also present conditions under which anomalous $A_w$ are witnesses of generalized contextuality, dispensing with the operational weak measurement set-up.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Bundesverfassungsgericht, Az.: 1 BvR 1187/17 - Aufbereitung des Beschlusses für das Benefits-Projekt
Creators: name: Lindschau, Felix
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Financial participation; Mandatory participation; Wind energy; EEG; BüGemBeteilG-MV

description: The "Benefits" project investigates mechanisms for accelerating the energy transition by expanding the financial participation of municipal and private stakeholders. The aim of the project is to systematically record financial forms of participation by municipalities and citizens for the entire electricity and heat supply, which also includes "purely financial" commitments.
 The decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of 5 May 2022 (Ref.: 1 BvR 1187/17) deals with the constitutionality of the Citizen and Municipal Participation Act of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Wstern Pomerania (BüGembeteilG MV).
 The subject of the proceedings was a constitutional complaint. The complainant, UKA Umweltgerechte Kraftanlagen GmbH & Co. KG, felt that §§ 3, 4, 6, 11 and 12 of the BüGembeteilG MV violated its fundamental rights of freedom of occupation (Article 12 of the Basic Law) and freedom of property (Article 14 of the Basic Law) as well as the principle of equality (Article 3 of the Basic Law).
 In addition to the essential finding of the decision for the benefits project, questions remain unanswered for the participation of municipalities and citizens, which were not clarified in the decision and which will be addressed in the short paper.
Artificial Intelligence and cybersecurity implications for business management
Creators: name: FUNK, Philippe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150301 Business Information Management (incl. Records, Knowledge and Information Management, and Intelligence)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management
subject: 150308 International Business
subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: 150312 Organisational Planning and Management
subject: 150314 Small Business Management

description: The cybersecurity market is a fast-growing market due to cybersecurity's ever-changing nature of attacking and defending. Organizations need to find new ways to counter cybersecurity threats. Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) has the potential to create disruptive change, both for good and evil. To better manage cybersecurity within organizations, companies must look at how technology can be used with the people who use it daily. By implementing artificial intelligence, cybersecurity teams can make faster decisions, allowing them to move faster than attackers. Business management using artificial intelligen
On the halo velocity bias
Creators: name: Biagetti, Matteo
name: Desjacques, Vincent
name: Kehagias, Alex
name: Riotto, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently shown that any halo velocity bias present in the initial conditions does not decay to unity, in agreement with predictions from peak theory. However, this is at odds with the standard formalism based on the coupled fluids approximation for the coevolution of dark matter and halos. Starting from conservation laws in phase space, we discuss why the fluid momentum conservation equation for the biased tracers needs to be modified in accordance with the change advocated in Baldauf, Desjacques & Seljak (2014). Our findings indicate that a correct description of the halo properties should properly take into account peak constraints when starting from the Vlasov-Boltzmann equation.
description: 6 pages,matches published version
HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer: Molecular and Nano-Scale Markers for Prognosis and Therapeutic Stratification
Creators: name: Kimple, Adam J.
name: Torres, Alexandra D.
name: Kimple, Randall J.
name: Yang, Robert Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Over the last 10 years, it has become clear that patients with head and neck cancer can be stratified into two distinct subgroups on the basis of the etiology of their disease. Patients with human papillomavirus-related cancers have significantly better survival rates and may necessitate different therapeutic approaches than those with tobacco and/or alcohol related cancers. This review discusses the various biomarkers currently in use for identification of patients with HPV-positive cancers with a focus on the advantages and limitations of molecular and nano-scale markers.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ МОДЕЛИ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В КИТАЕ
Creators: name: Федосов А.В.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: социальное управление
социальный менеджмент
модель
Китай
конфуцианство
идеология
общество
механизмы общественного управления
институционализм
правовое регулирование.

description: Актуальность обращения к истории становления социального управления на примере Китая определяется как численностью китайской нации, так и масштабностью стоящих перед ней внутренних и внешнеполитических задач. Без выработки эффективной модели общественного управления сложно говорить о благоприятных перспективах развития страны в различных сферах, обеспечении ее лидирующих позиций на международной арене. Статья посвящена истории развития китайского менеджмента. Автором охарактеризована специфика «восточной» и «западной» моделей социального управления, а также раскрыты особенности применения новой модели государственного управления в Китае.
Electron-photon Chern number in cavity-embedded 2D moiré materials
Creators: name: Nguyen, Danh-Phuong
name: Arwas, Geva
name: Lin, Zuzhang
name: Yao, Wang
name: Ciuti, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore theoretically how the topological properties of 2D materials can be manipulated by cavity quantum electromagnetic fields for both resonant and off-resonant electron-photon coupling, with a focus on van der Waals moiré superlattices. We investigate an electron-photon topological Chern number for the cavity-dressed energy minibands that is well defined for any degree of hybridization of the electron and photon states. While an off-resonant cavity mode can renormalize electronic topological phases that exist without cavity coupling, we show that when the cavity mode is resonant to electronic miniband transitions, new and higher electron-photon Chern numbers can emerge.
description: PRL accepted version (additional figures with respect to version v1 have been added both in the manuscript and Supplementary Material)
Dual-Frequency Piezoelectric Transducers for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging
Creators: name: Jiang, Xiaoning
name: Lee, Mike
name: Dayton, Paul
name: Li, Sibo
name: Foster, F.
name: Lindsey, Brooks
name: Ma, Jianguo
name: Martin, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: For many years, ultrasound has provided clinicians with an affordable and effective imaging tool for applications ranging from cardiology to obstetrics. Development of microbubble contrast agents over the past several decades has enabled ultrasound to distinguish between blood flow and surrounding tissue. Current clinical practices using microbubble contrast agents rely heavily on user training to evaluate degree of localized perfusion. Advances in separating the signals produced from contrast agents versus surrounding tissue backscatter provide unique opportunities for specialized sensors designed to image microbubbles with higher signal to noise and resolution than previously possible. In this review article, we describe the background principles and recent developments of ultrasound transducer technology for receiving signals produced by contrast agents while rejecting signals arising from soft tissue. This approach relies on transmitting at a low-frequency and receiving microbubble harmonic signals at frequencies many times higher than the transmitted frequency. Design and fabrication of dual-frequency transducers and the extension of recent developments in transducer technology for dual-frequency harmonic imaging are discussed.
KIC 7582608: A new Kepler roAp star with frequency variability
Creators: name: Holdsworth, Daniel L.
name: Smalley, Barry
name: Kurtz, Donald W.
name: Southworth, John
name: Cunha, Margarida S.
name: Clubb, Kelsey I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the fifth roAp star reported in the Kepler field, KIC 7582608, discovered with the SuperWASP project. The object shows a high frequency pulsation at 181.7324 d$^{-1}$ (P=7.9 min) with an amplitude of 1.45 mmag, and low frequency rotational modulation corresponding to a period of 20.4339 d with an amplitude of 7.64 mmag. Spectral analysis confirms the Ap nature of the target, with characteristic lines of Eu II, Nd III and Pr III present. The spectra are not greatly affected by broadening, which is consistent with the long rotational period found from photometry. From our spectral observations we derive a lower limit on the mean magnetic field modulus of  = 3.05$\pm$0.23 kG. Long Cadence Kepler observations show a frequency quintuplet split by the rotational period of the star, typical for an oblique pulsator. We suggest the star is a quadrupole pulsator with a geometry such that $i\sim66^\circ$ and $β\sim33^\circ$. We detect frequency variations of the pulsation in both the WASP and Kepler data sets on many time scales. Linear, non-adiabatic stability modelling allows us to constrain a region on the HR diagram where the pulsations are unstable, an area consistent with observations.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Plasmonic Gold Nanostars for Multi-Modality Sensing and Diagnostics
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Yuan, Hsiangkuo
name: Vo-Dinh, Tuan
name: Register, Janna
name: Parrott, Matthew
name: Kersey, Farrell
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Gold nanostars (AuNSs) are unique systems that can provide a novel multifunctional nanoplatform for molecular sensing and diagnostics. The plasmonic absorption band of AuNSs can be tuned to the near infrared spectral range, often referred to as the “tissue optical window”, where light exhibits minimal absorption and deep penetration in tissue. AuNSs have been applied for detecting disease biomarkers and for biomedical imaging using multi-modality methods including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), two-photon photoluminescence (TPL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and X-ray computer tomography (CT) imaging. In this paper, we provide an overview of the recent development of plasmonic AuNSs in our laboratory for biomedical applications and highlight their potential for future translational medicine as a multifunctional nanoplatform.
Rapid Sensing of Hidden Objects and Defects using a Single-Pixel Diffractive Terahertz Processor
Creators: name: Li, Jingxi
name: Li, Xurong
name: Yardimci, Nezih T.
name: Hu, Jingtian
name: Li, Yuhang
name: Chen, Junjie
name: Hung, Yi-Chun
name: Jarrahi, Mona
name: Ozcan, Aydogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Terahertz waves offer numerous advantages for the nondestructive detection of hidden objects/defects in materials, as they can penetrate through most optically-opaque materials. However, existing terahertz inspection systems are restricted in their throughput and accuracy (especially for detecting small features) due to their limited speed and resolution. Furthermore, machine vision-based continuous sensing systems that use large-pixel-count imaging are generally bottlenecked due to their digital storage, data transmission and image processing requirements. Here, we report a diffractive processor that rapidly detects hidden defects/objects within a target sample using a single-pixel spectroscopic terahertz detector, without scanning the sample or forming/processing its image. This terahertz processor consists of passive diffractive layers that are optimized using deep learning to modify the spectrum of the terahertz radiation according to the absence/presence of hidden structures or defects. After its fabrication, the resulting diffractive processor all-optically probes the structural information of the sample volume and outputs a spectrum that directly indicates the presence or absence of hidden structures, not visible from outside. As a proof-of-concept, we trained a diffractive terahertz processor to sense hidden defects (including subwavelength features) inside test samples, and evaluated its performance by analyzing the detection sensitivity as a function of the size and position of the unknown defects. We validated its feasibility using a single-pixel terahertz time-domain spectroscopy setup and 3D-printed diffractive layers, successfully detecting hidden defects using pulsed terahertz illumination. This technique will be valuable for various applications, e.g., security screening, biomedical sensing, quality control, anti-counterfeiting measures and cultural heritage protection.
description: 23 Pages, 5 Figures
Iso-Flux Tension Propagation Theory of Driven Polymer Translocation: The Role of Initial Configurations
Creators: name: Sarabadani, Jalal
name: Ikonen, Timo
name: Ala-Nissila, Tapio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of pore-driven polymer translocation by theoretical analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Using the tension propagation theory within the constant flux approximation we derive an explicit equation of motion for the tension front. From this we derive a scaling relation for the average translocation time $τ$, which captures the asymptotic result $τ\propto N_0^{1+ν}$, where $N_0$ is the chain length and $ν$ is the Flory exponent. In addition, we derive the leading correction-to-scaling term to $τ$ and show that all terms of order $N_0^{2ν}$ exactly cancel out, leaving only a finite-chain length correction term due to the effective pore friction, which is linearly proportional to $N_0$. We use the model to numerically include fluctuations in the initial configuration of the polymer chain in addition to thermal noise. We show that when the {\it cis} side fluctuations are properly accounted for, the model not only reproduces previously known results but also considerably improves the estimates of the monomer waiting time distribution and the time evolution of the translocation coordinate $s(t)$, showing excellent agreement with MD simulations.
A vapor based microfluidic flow regulator
Creators: name: Zhang, Yang
name: Xue, Hong
name: Li, Guann-Pyng
name: Bachman, Mark
name: Wu, Liang L.
name: Xu, Wei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We introduce a flow regulating technology that uses trapped air bubbles in a hydrophobic microfluidic channel. We present basic designs for flow regulators and flow valves using trapped air. Experiments have successfully demonstrated the capability of this technique for delivering constant and varying flow rate, and for on-off valving. This approach to valving provides a simple, yet effective way to monolithically integrate flow and valve control on polymer Lab-on-Chip devices.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РЕГИОНА
Creators: name: Шарапова В.М.
name: Шарапова Н.В.
name: Шарапов Ю.В.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: трудовой потенциал
уровень занятости
выбытие персонала
квалифицированные кадры
затраты труда.

description: Агропромышленный комплекс, несмотря на санкционное давление и постпандемийный период, находится на стадии активного развития. По данным национально-исследовательского института «ВШЭ», в 2017-2020 гг. наблюдается рост уровня инновационной активности организаций сельского хозяйства. Затраты на инновационную деятельности в 2020 году достигли уровня 39,7 млрд рублей, большая доля которых направлена на приобретение машин и оборудования, а также прочих основных средств; 1.87 млрд рублей направлены на исследования и разработки; 0.12 млрд рублей использованы на разработку и приобретение программ для ЭВМ и баз данных; а также более 79 млн рублей – на приобретение прав на результаты интеллектуальной деятельности. Актуальность. Развитие процессов цифровизации и роботизации способствует более эффективному использованию трудового потенциала сельских территорий. Например, при сокращении численности населения сельских территорий, снижении уровня рождаемости, и иных негативных демографических процессах, мы наблюдаем рост производительности труда. Основная причина – разработка и активное внедрение новых технологий, которые не только способствуют повышению производительности труда, но и снижают издержки производства. На сегодняшний день еще не так очевиден результат сокращения рабочих мест на селе, однако, в ближайшей перспективе еще более резким будет отток населения из села в город, а также будет наблюдаться тенденция нехватки как квалифицированных, так и неквалифицированных работников. В данной статье рассмотрены основные показатели влияющие на эффективность трудового потенциала сельских территорий: уровень рождаемости, уровень занятости, коэффициент выбытия кадров и другие. Объектом исследования выбраны сельскохозяйственные предприятия, предметом – трудовые ресурсы.
‘I learned to accept every part of myself’: the transformative impact of a theatre-based sexual health and HIV prevention programme
Creators: name: Chen, Elizabeth
name: Lightfoot, Alexandra F.
name: Grewe, Mary E.
name: Watson, Sable
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Taboada, Arianna
name: Dennis, Alexis
name: Stein, Kathryn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Theatre-based interventions have been used in health promotion activities among young people to address HIV and sexual health. In this study, we explored the experience of undergraduate student performers participating in a theatre-based HIV prevention and sexual health education intervention for high school students in the USA. Undergraduate students enrolled in a credit-bearing course to learn about HIV and sexual health, participatory theatre and health education techniques. We analysed students’ reflective essays written throughout the semester to identify any changes and the intervention processes that promoted these changes. Students experienced five interrelated forms of transformation: (1) increased knowledge about HIV and sexual health; (2) changes in attitude and communication about sex; (3) artistic growth; (4) emotional growth; and (5) clarification of career goals and future plans. Intervention processes that contributed to these transformations included improvisation, guided writing exercises, the creation of a close-knit cohesive group, and interactions with a group of HIV-positive speakers. Theatre-based, peer-led sexual health programmes can provide a transformative experience for undergraduate student performers. The transformative effects are linked to specific activities and processes of the intervention and require examination in future research.
‘I learned to be okay with talking about sex and safety’: assessing the efficacy of a theatre-based HIV prevention approach for adolescents in North Carolina
Creators: name: Lightfoot, Alexandra F.
name: Taboada, Arianna
name: Taggart, Tamara
name: Tran, Trang
name: Burtaine, Amy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Adolescents are at increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the Southern states of the USA, where rates among youth are higher than in the rest of the nation. This paper reports on findings from a pilot study of an HIV prevention intervention that uses interactive theatre to educate young people about sexual health. The intervention was developed in Los Angeles and adapted for testing in the South of the USA, with its legacy of abstinence-based approaches to sexual health education. This study assessed intervention effects among a sample of young people in two public high schools in North Carolina. We used a pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental evaluation design to assess changes in 317 ninth grade participants’ knowledge and attitudes about HIV. At post-test, we found statistically significant increases in participants’ HIV knowledge (t= 60.14; p=.001), as well as changes in attitudes (X2=8.23; p=.042) and awareness (X2=4.94; p=.026). Focus group data corroborated increase in HIV knowledge and reduction in HIV stigma as successful outcomes of intervention participation. The findings make an important contribution to the literature on theatre-based interventions for sexual health education. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of considering socio-cultural and political context in implementing HIV prevention interventions in schools.
Correlates of African American Men’s Sexual Schemas
Creators: name: Hall, Naomi M.
name: Morales, Dawn A.
name: Coyne-Beasley, Tamera
name: St. Lawrence, Janet
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Sexual schemas are cognitive representations of oneself as a sexual being and aid in the processing of sexually relevant information. We examined the relationship between sociosexuality (attitudes about casual sex), masculine ideology (attitudes toward traditional men and male roles), and cultural centrality (strength of identity with racial group) as significant psychosocial and sociocultural predictors in shaping young, heterosexual African American men's sexual schemas. A community sample (n=133) of men in a southeastern city of the United States completed quantitative self-report measures examining their attitudes and behavior related to casual sex, beliefs about masculinity, racial and cultural identity, and self-views of various sexual aspects of themselves. Results indicated that masculine ideology and cultural centrality were both positively related to men's sexual schemas. Cultural centrality explained 12 % of the variance in level of sexual schema, and had the strongest correlation of the predictor variables with sexual schema (r=.36). The need for more attention to the bidirectional relationships between masculinity, racial/cultural identity, and sexual schemas in prevention, intervention, and public health efforts for African American men is discussed.
D.8.3 SPHERE Project website
Creators: name: Zerpa, Verónica
name: Martín-Moncunill, David
name: Baggetto, Marina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This deliverable accompanies the publication of the project website and describes it. It also explains the process for requesting modifications to the website and the form that must be filled in order to request them
Cosmic ray mass composition at the knee using azimuthal fluctuations of air shower particles detected at ground by the KASCADE experiment
Creators: name: Arsene, Nicusor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of hadronic sub-showers causes azimuthal non-uniformity in the particle distributions on the ground in vertical air showers. The $LCm$ parameter, which quantifies the non-uniformity of the signal recorded in detectors located at a given distance on a ring around the shower axis, has been successfully introduced as a gamma/hadron discriminator at PeV energies \cite{Conceicao:2022lkc}. In this work, we demonstrate that the $LCm$ parameter can effectively serve as a mass composition discriminator in experiments that employ a compact array of detectors, like KASCADE. We reconstruct the $LCm$ parameter distributions in the energy range $\lg(E/\rm eV) = [15.0 \text{ - } 16.0]$ using measurements from the KASCADE experiment, with intervals of $\lg(E/\rm eV) = 0.2$, which are then fitted with MC templates for five primary nuclei species p, He, C, Si, and Fe considering three hadronic interaction models: QGSjet-II-04, EPOS-LHC and SIBYLL 2.3d. We find that the $LCm$ parameter exhibits minimal dependence on the specific hadronic interaction model considered. The reconstructed fractions of individual species demonstrate a linear decrease in the abundance of protons and He nuclei with increasing energy, while the heavier components become prevalent above the \textit{knee} as predicted by all three hadronic interaction models. Our findings indicate that the abundance of particle types as a function of energy aligns with different astrophysical models that link the \textit{knee} to the acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays within the Galaxy. Furthermore, they also demonstrate excellent agreement with three more recent data-driven astrophysical models. These findings suggest that the $LCm$ parameter could be a valuable tool for forthcoming measurements of the LHAASO experiment to enhance our knowledge about the origin and acceleration mechanisms of cosmic rays.
description: Accepted for publication in this form in JCAP
Study of highly-charged Ag-like and In-like ions for the development of atomic clocks and search for $α$-variation
Creators: name: Safronova, M. S.
name: Dzuba, V. A.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Safronova, U. I.
name: Porsev, S. G.
name: Kozlov, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carried out detailed high-precision study of Ag-like Nd$^{13+}$, Sm$^{15+}$ and In-like Ce$^{9+}$, Pr$^{10+}$, Nd$^{11+}$, Sm$^{13+}$, Eu$^{14+}$ highly-charged ions. These ions were identified to be of particular interest to the development of ultra-accurate atomic clocks, search for variation of the fine-structure constant $α$, and quantum information [Safronova et. al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 030801 (2014)]. Relativistic linearized coupled-cluster method was used for Ag-like ion calculations, and a hybrid approach that combines configuration interaction and a variant of the coupled-cluster method was used for the In-like ion calculations. Breit and QED corrections were included. Energies, transition wavelengths, electric-dipole, electric-quadrupole, electric-octupole, magnetic-dipole, magnetic-quadrupole, magnetic-octupole reduced matrix elements, lifetimes, and sensitivity coefficients to $α$-variation were calculated. Detailed study of various contributions was carried out to evaluate uncertainties of the final results. Energies for several similar "reference" ions, where the experimental values are available were calculated and compared with experiment for further tests of the accuracy.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КРИТИЧЕСКОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ТРАНСФОРМАТИВНО – РАЗВИВАЮЩИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Creators: name: Васильева Л.Л.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: критическое мышление
педагогические технологии
трансформативно – развивающее обучение
тренинг
педагогический менеджмент
ТРО – технология.

description: В статье рассматривается способ формирования критического мышления с применением ТРО – технологий. Раскрываются сферы применения критического мышления, законы, причины и следствия, которые лежат в основе критического мышления.
Investigating Topological Order using Recurrent Neural Networks
Creators: name: Hibat-Allah, Mohamed
name: Melko, Roger G.
name: Carrasquilla, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), originally developed for natural language processing, hold great promise for accurately describing strongly correlated quantum many-body systems. Here, we employ 2D RNNs to investigate two prototypical quantum many-body Hamiltonians exhibiting topological order. Specifically, we demonstrate that RNN wave functions can effectively capture the topological order of the toric code and a Bose-Hubbard spin liquid on the kagome lattice by estimating their topological entanglement entropies. We also find that RNNs favor coherent superpositions of minimally-entangled states over minimally-entangled states themselves. Overall, our findings demonstrate that RNN wave functions constitute a powerful tool to study phases of matter beyond Landau's symmetry-breaking paradigm.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Published version in Physical Review B