cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Axiomatic and operational connections between the $l_1$-norm of coherence and negativity
Creators: name: Zhu, Huangjun
name: Hayashi, Masahito
name: Chen, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum coherence plays a central role in various research areas. The $l_1$-norm of coherence is one of the most important coherence measures that are easily computable, but it is not easy to find a simple interpretation. We show that the $l_1$-norm of coherence is uniquely characterized by a few simple axioms, which demonstrates in a precise sense that it is the analog of negativity in entanglement theory and sum negativity in the resource theory of magic-state quantum computation. We also provide an operational interpretation of the $l_1$-norm of coherence as the maximum entanglement, measured by the negativity, produced by incoherent operations acting on the system and an incoherent ancilla. To achieve this goal, we clarify the relation between the $l_1$-norm of coherence and negativity for all bipartite states, which leads to an interesting generalization of maximally correlated states. Surprisingly, all entangled states thus obtained are distillable. Moreover, their entanglement cost and distillable entanglement can be computed explicitly for a qubit-qudit system.
description: 5+7 pages, 1 figure, published in PRA
Anisotropic inflation in Brans-Dicke gravity
Creators: name: Tirandari, M.
name: Saaidi, Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study anisotropic inflation in the Brans-Dicke gravity in the presence of an abelian gauge field where the gauge field is non-minimally coupled to the inflaton. We show that the degree of anisotropy, under slow-roll approximations, is proportional to slow roll parameter of the theory. As demonstration, we consider the displaced quadratic potential for the inflation. We do the numerical calculation of the model to investigate the behavior of anisotropy by changing the parameter in the Brans-Dicke model. We find out that, the solution is an attractor in the phase space, and anisotropy grows with number of e-folds. Anisotropy depends on Brans-Dicke parameter, $ ω$, initial values of the scalar field and constant parameter of the coupling function of the scalar field and the abelian gauge field, $ c $. If we consider upper bound on the number of e-folds from CMB i.e. $ 60 $ e-folds, by increasing $ ω$ and $ c $, anisotropy do not have time to exit the horizon and suppressed.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Supplementary fine - 1 and 2 / Visual Abstract - Fat-free mass index for body composition analysis in pediatric sport: A cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Almeida-Neto, Paulo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary fine - 1 and 2 / Visual Abstract
A Decomposition of Forecast Error in Prediction Markets
Creators: name: Dudík, Miroslav
name: Lahaie, Sébastien
name: Rogers, Ryan
name: Vaughan, Jennifer Wortman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyze sources of error in prediction market forecasts in order to bound the difference between a security's price and the ground truth it estimates. We consider cost-function-based prediction markets in which an automated market maker adjusts security prices according to the history of trade. We decompose the forecasting error into three components: sampling error, arising because traders only possess noisy estimates of ground truth; market-maker bias, resulting from the use of a particular market maker (i.e., cost function) to facilitate trade; and convergence error, arising because, at any point in time, market prices may still be in flux. Our goal is to make explicit the tradeoffs between these error components, influenced by design decisions such as the functional form of the cost function and the amount of liquidity in the market. We consider a specific model in which traders have exponential utility and exponential-family beliefs representing noisy estimates of ground truth. In this setting, sampling error vanishes as the number of traders grows, but there is a tradeoff between the other two components. We provide both upper and lower bounds on market-maker bias and convergence error, and demonstrate via numerical simulations that these bounds are tight. Our results yield new insights into the question of how to set the market's liquidity parameter and into the forecasting benefits of enforcing coherent prices across securities.
Artificial Noise-Aided Biobjective Transmitter Optimization for Service Integration in Multi-User MIMO Gaussian Broadcast Channel
Creators: name: Mei, Weidong
name: Chen, Zhi
name: Fang, Jun
name: Li, Shaoqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers an artificial noise (AN)-aided transmit design for multi-user MIMO systems with integrated services. Specifically, two sorts of service messages are combined and served simultaneously: one multicast message intended for all receivers and one confidential message intended for only one receiver and required to be perfectly secure from other unauthorized receivers. Our interest lies in the joint design of input covariances of the multicast message, confidential message and artificial noise (AN), such that the achievable secrecy rate and multicast rate are simultaneously maximized. This problem is identified as a secrecy rate region maximization (SRRM) problem in the context of physical-layer service integration. Since this bi-objective optimization problem is inherently complex to solve, we put forward two different scalarization methods to convert it into a scalar optimization problem. First, we propose to prefix the multicast rate as a constant, and accordingly, the primal biobjective problem is converted into a secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problem with quality of multicast service (QoMS) constraint. By varying the constant, we can obtain different Pareto optimal points. The resulting SRM problem can be iteratively solved via a provably convergent difference-of-concave (DC) algorithm. In the second method, we aim to maximize the weighted sum of the secrecy rate and the multicast rate. Through varying the weighted vector, one can also obtain different Pareto optimal points. We show that this weighted sum rate maximization (WSRM) problem can be recast into a primal decomposable form, which is amenable to alternating optimization (AO). Then we compare these two scalarization methods in terms of their overall performance and computational complexity via theoretical analysis as well as numerical simulation, based on which new insights can be drawn.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Representations of weakly multiplicative arithmetic matroids are unique
Creators: name: Lenz, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 05B35, 52C35, Secondary: 14M15

description: An arithmetic matroid is weakly multiplicative if the multiplicity of at least one of its bases is equal to the product of the multiplicities of its elements. We show that if such an arithmetic matroid can be represented by an integer matrix, then this matrix is uniquely determined. This implies that the integer cohomology ring of a centred toric arrangement whose arithmetic matroid is weakly multiplicative is determined by its poset of layers. This partially answers a question asked by Callegaro-Delucchi.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections
Dynamical universality classes of simple growth and lattice gas models
Creators: name: Kelling, Jeffrey
name: Ódor, Géza
name: Gemming, Sibylle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale, dynamical simulations have been performed for the two dimensional octahedron model, describing the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) for nonlinear, or the Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) class for linear surface growth. The autocorrelation functions of the heights and the dimer lattice gas variables are determined with high precision. Parallel random-sequential (RS) and two-sub-lattice stochastic dynamics (SCA) have been compared. The latter causes a constant correlation in the long time limit, but after subtracting it one can find the same height functions as in case of RS. On the other hand the ordered update alters the dynamics of the lattice gas variables, by increasing (decreasing) the memory effects for nonlinear (linear) models with respect to random-sequential. Additionally, we support the KPZ ansatz and the Kallabis-Krug conjecture in $2+1$ dimensions and provide a precise growth exponent value $β=0.2414(2)$. We show the emergence of finite size corrections, which occur long before the steady state roughness is reached.
description: 26 pages, 22 figures (counting subfigures)
What are indirect treatment comparisons and why do we need them?
Creators: name: Harvey, Elizabeth
name: Lobban, Dawn
name: Oliver, Jacqui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: There is a need for consistent use of plain language communications to support patient involvement in health economics and outcomes research (HEOR). This summary provides a plain language explanation of the methods and purpose of indirect treatment comparisons to assess new medical products, and what this means for healthcare funding
A Simple Scheme for Distributed Passive Load Balancing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
Creators: name: Sliwa, Benjamin
name: Falkenberg, Robert
name: Wietfeld, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Efficient routing is one of the key challenges for next generation vehicular networks in order to provide fast and reliable communication in a smart city context. Various routing protocols have been proposed for determining optimal routing paths in highly dynamic topologies. However, it is the dilemma of those kinds of networks that good paths are used intensively, resulting in congestion and path quality degradation. In this paper, we adopt ideas from multipath routing and propose a simple decentral scheme for Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) routing, which handles passive load balancing without requiring additional communication effort. It can easily be applied to existing routing protocols to achieve load balancing without changing the routing process itself. In comprehensive simulation studies, we apply the proposed load balancing technique to multiple example protocols and evaluate its effects on the network performance. The results show that all considered protocols can achieve significantly higher reliability and improved Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) values by applying the proposed load balancing scheme.
Customer Lifetime Value Prediction Using Embeddings
Creators: name: Chamberlain, Benjamin Paul
name: Cardoso, Angelo
name: Liu, C. H. Bryan
name: Pagliari, Roberto
name: Deisenroth, Marc Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe the Customer LifeTime Value (CLTV) prediction system deployed at ASOS.com, a global online fashion retailer. CLTV prediction is an important problem in e-commerce where an accurate estimate of future value allows retailers to effectively allocate marketing spend, identify and nurture high value customers and mitigate exposure to losses. The system at ASOS provides daily estimates of the future value of every customer and is one of the cornerstones of the personalised shopping experience. The state of the art in this domain uses large numbers of handcrafted features and ensemble regressors to forecast value, predict churn and evaluate customer loyalty. Recently, domains including language, vision and speech have shown dramatic advances by replacing handcrafted features with features that are learned automatically from data. We detail the system deployed at ASOS and show that learning feature representations is a promising extension to the state of the art in CLTV modelling. We propose a novel way to generate embeddings of customers, which addresses the issue of the ever changing product catalogue and obtain a significant improvement over an exhaustive set of handcrafted features.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Universal equilibrium scaling functions at short times after a quench
Creators: name: Karl, Markus
name: Cakir, Halil
name: Halimeh, Jad C.
name: Oberthaler, Markus K.
name: Kastner, Michael
name: Gasenzer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By analyzing spin-spin correlation functions at relatively short distances, we show that equilibrium near-critical properties can be extracted at short times after quenches into the vicinity of a quantum critical point. The time scales after which equilibrium properties can be extracted are sufficiently short so that the proposed scheme should be viable for quantum simulators of spin models based on ultracold atoms or trapped ions. Our results, analytic as well as numeric, are for one-dimensional spin models, either integrable or nonintegrable, but we expect our conclusions to be valid in higher dimensions as well.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures. Published version
What are indirect treatment comparisons and why do we need them?
Creators: name: Harvey, Elizabeth
name: Lobban, Dawn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: There is a need for consistent use of plain language communications to support patient involvement in health economics and outcomes research (HEOR). This summary provides a plain language explanation of the methods and purpose of indirect treatment comparisons to assess new medical products, and what this means for healthcare funding
Lockdown loneliness in seriously ill nursing home residents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Dulce
name: Sumali Akurassa Hewage
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Geriatrics
subject: COVID-19
subject: Social Isolation
subject: Seriously Ill
subject: Loneliness
subject: Veterans
subject: End of Life

description: This study will explore the impact of loneliness in seriously ill nursing home patients in a Veterans Affairs (VA) Community Living Center (CLC) under shelter-in-place lockdown orders during the COVID-19 pandemic. It will provide insights into loneliness and social isolation on vulnerable patients.
Error Bounds for Uplink and Downlink 3D Localization in 5G mmWave Systems
Creators: name: Abu-Shaban, Zohair
name: Zhou, Xiangyun
name: Abhayapala, Thushara
name: Seco-Granados, Gonzalo
name: Wymeersch, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Location-aware communication systems are expected to play a pivotal part in the next generation of mobile communication networks. Therefore, there is a need to understand the localization limits in these networks, particularly, using millimeter-wave technology (mmWave). Towards that, we address the uplink and downlink localization limits in terms of 3D position and orientation error bounds for mmWave multipath channels. We also carry out a detailed analysis of the dependence of the bounds of different systems parameters. Our key findings indicate that the uplink and downlink behave differently in two distinct ways. First of all, the error bounds have different scaling factors with respect to the number of antennas in the uplink and downlink. Secondly, uplink localization is sensitive to the orientation angle of the user equipment (UE), whereas downlink is not. Moreover, in the considered outdoor scenarios, the non-line-of-sight paths generally improve localization when a line-of-sight path exists. Finally, our numerical results show that mmWave systems are capable of localizing a UE with sub-meter position error, and sub-degree orientation error.
description: This manuscripts is updated following two rounds of reviews at IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. More discussion is included in different parts of the paper. Results are unchanged, and are still valid
$K^0-\bar{K}^0$ mixing in the minimal flavor-violating two-Higgs-doublet models
Creators: name: Cho, Natthawin
name: Li, Xin-qiang
name: Su, Fang
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM), as one of the simplest extensions of the Standard Model (SM), is obtained by adding another scalar doublet to the SM, and is featured by a pair of charged scalars, which could affect many low-energy processes. In the "Higgs basis" for a generic 2HDM, only one scalar doublet gets a nonzero vacuum expectation value and, under the criterion of minimal flavor violation, the other one is fixed to be either color-singlet or color-octet, which are named as the type-III and the type-C 2HDM, respectively. In this paper, we study the charged-scalar effects of these two models on the $K^0-\bar{K}^0$ mixing, an ideal process to probe New Physics (NP) beyond the SM. Firstly, we perform a complete one-loop computation of the box diagrams relevant to the $K^0-\bar{K}^0$ mixing, keeping the mass and momentum of the external strange quark up to the second order. Together with the up-to-date theoretical inputs, we then give a detailed phenomenological analysis, in the cases of both real and complex Yukawa couplings of the charged scalars to quarks. The parameter spaces allowed by the current experimental data on the mass difference $Δm_K$ and the CP-violating parameter $ε_K$ are obtained and the differences between these two 2HDMs are investigated, which are helpful to distinguish them from each other from a phenomenological point of view.
description: 30 pages,10 figures, 2 tables
Diagonal automorphisms of the $2$-adic ring $C^*$-algebra
Creators: name: Aiello, Valeriano
name: Conti, Roberto
name: Rossi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L40, 46L05, 46H10

description: The $2$-adic ring $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{Q}_2$ naturally contains a copy of the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_2$ and, a fortiori, also of its diagonal subalgebra $\mathcal{D}_2$ with Cantor spectrum. This paper is aimed at studying the group ${\rm Aut}_{\mathcal{D}_2}(\mathcal{Q}_2)$ of the automorphisms of $\mathcal{Q}_2$ fixing $\mathcal{D}_2$ pointwise. It turns out that any such automorphism leaves $\mathcal{O}_2$ globally invariant. Furthermore, the subgroup ${\rm Aut}_{\mathcal{D}_2}(\mathcal{Q}_2)$ is shown to be maximal abelian in ${\rm Aut}(\mathcal{Q}_2)$. Saying exactly what the group is amounts to understanding when an automorphism of $\mathcal{O}_2$ that fixes $\mathcal{D}_2$ pointwise extends to $\mathcal{Q}_2$. A complete answer is given for all localized automorphisms: these will extend if and only if they are the composition of a localized inner automorphism with a gauge automorphism.
description: Improved exposition and corrected some typos and inaccuracies
Temperature Dependence of Nonlinear Susceptibilities in an Infinite Range Interaction Model
Creators: name: Kumar, Pradeep
name: Wagner, Christopher E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model to probe metamagnetic properties in systems with an arbitrary number of interacting spins. Thermodynamic properties such as the magnetization per particle $m(B,T,N)$, linear susceptibility $χ_1(T)$, nonlinear susceptibilities $χ_3(T)$ and $χ_5(T)$, specific heat $C(B,T,N)$, and pressure $P(B,T,N)$ were calculated. The model produces a different magnetic response for $N$ particles when comparing to $N - 1$ particles for small $N \sim 1$. For an even number of particles, the susceptibilities show maxima in their temperature dependence. An odd number produces an additional free spin response that dominates at low temperatures. This free spin response for odd $N$ also produces a step in the magnetization per particle at $B = 0$. The magnetization shows $N/2$ steps at $γB_c/J = n$ with integer $n$ for even $N$ and $(N-1)/2$ additional steps at half-integer $n$ starting at 3/2 for odd $N$. Small clusters respond with metamagnetism in an otherwise isotropic spin space, while the large clusters show no metamagnetism.
Leaky Cauldron on the Dark Land: Understanding Memory Side-Channel Hazards in SGX
Creators: name: Wang, Wenhao
name: Chen, Guoxing
name: Pan, Xiaorui
name: Zhang, Yinqian
name: Wang, XiaoFeng
name: Bindschaedler, Vincent
name: Tang, Haixu
name: Gunter, Carl A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Side-channel risks of Intel's SGX have recently attracted great attention. Under the spotlight is the newly discovered page-fault attack, in which an OS-level adversary induces page faults to observe the page-level access patterns of a protected process running in an SGX enclave. With almost all proposed defense focusing on this attack, little is known about whether such efforts indeed raise the bar for the adversary, whether a simple variation of the attack renders all protection ineffective, not to mention an in-depth understanding of other attack surfaces in the SGX system. In the paper, we report the first step toward systematic analyses of side-channel threats that SGX faces, focusing on the risks associated with its memory management. Our research identifies 8 potential attack vectors, ranging from TLB to DRAM modules. More importantly, we highlight the common misunderstandings about SGX memory side channels, demonstrating that high frequent AEXs can be avoided when recovering EdDSA secret key through a new page channel and fine-grained monitoring of enclave programs (at the level of 64B) can be done through combining both cache and cross-enclave DRAM channels. Our findings reveal the gap between the ongoing security research on SGX and its side-channel weaknesses, redefine the side-channel threat model for secure enclaves, and can provoke a discussion on when to use such a system and how to use it securely.
description: Accepted to ACM CCS 2017
$(φ, Γ)$-modules de de Rham et fonctions $L$ $p$-adiques
Creators: name: Jacinto, Joaquin Rodrigues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a variant of Coleman and Perrin Riou's methods giving, for a de Rham $p$-adic Galois representation, a construction of $p$-adic $L$ functions from a compatible system of global elements. As a result, we construct analytic functions on an open set of the $p$-adic weight space containing all locally algebraic characters of large enough conductor. Applied to Kato's Euler system, this gives $p$-adic $L$-functions for elliptic curves with additive bad reduction and, more generally, for modular forms which are supercuspidal at $p$. In the case of dimension $2$, we prove a functional equation for our $p$-adic $L$-functions.
description: 39 pages, submitted. In french. Minor modifications following the referees comments
Faithfulness of Probability Distributions and Graphs
Creators: name: Sadeghi, Kayvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A main question in graphical models and causal inference is whether, given a probability distribution $P$ (which is usually an underlying distribution of data), there is a graph (or graphs) to which $P$ is faithful. The main goal of this paper is to provide a theoretical answer to this problem. We work with general independence models, which contain probabilistic independence models as a special case. We exploit a generalization of ordering, called preordering, of the nodes of (mixed) graphs. This allows us to provide sufficient conditions for a given independence model to be Markov to a graph with the minimum possible number of edges, and more importantly, necessary and sufficient conditions for a given probability distribution to be faithful to a graph. We present our results for the general case of mixed graphs, but specialize the definitions and results to the better-known subclasses of undirected (concentration) and bidirected (covariance) graphs as well as directed acyclic graphs.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures
The Cluster-EAGLE project: global properties of simulated clusters with resolved galaxies
Creators: name: Barnes, David J.
name: Kay, Scott T.
name: Bahe, Yannick M.
name: Vecchia, Claudio Dalla
name: McCarthy, Ian G.
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Bower, Richard G.
name: Jenkins, Adrian
name: Thomas, Peter A.
name: Schaller, Matthieu
name: Crain, Robert A.
name: Theuns, Tom
name: White, Simon D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the Cluster-EAGLE (C-EAGLE) simulation project, a set of cosmological hydrodynamical zoom simulations of the formation of $30$ galaxy clusters in the mass range $10^{14}
description: 21 pages, 15 figures, MNRAS accepted version
Signs and Stability in Higher-Derivative Gravity
Creators: name: Narain, Gaurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbatively renormalizable higher-derivative gravity in four space-time dimensions with arbitrary signs of couplings has been considered. Systematic analysis of the action with arbitrary signs of couplings in lorentzian flat space-time for no-tachyons, fixes the signs. Feynman $+iε$ prescription for these sign further grants necessary convergence in path-integral, suppressing the field modes with large action. This also leads to a sensible wick rotation where quantum computation can be performed. Running couplings for these sign of parameters makes the massive tensor ghost innocuous leading to a stable and ghost-free renormalizable theory in four space-time dimensions. The theory has a transition point arising from renormalisation group (RG) equations, where the coefficient of $R^2$ diverges without affecting the perturbative quantum field theory. Redefining this coefficient gives a better handle over the theory around the transition point. The flow equations pushes the flow of parameters across the transition point. The flow beyond the transition point is analysed using the one-loop RG equations which shows that the regime beyond the transition point has unphysical properties: there are tachyons, the path-integral loses positive definiteness, Newton's constant $G$ becomes negative and large, and perturbative parameters become large. These shortcomings indicate a lack of completeness beyond the transition point and need of a non-perturbative treatment of the theory beyond the transition point.
description: 13 pages, 0 figures. V2: minor text modification, references added, minor typos and affiliation edited. Published in IJMPA
Abstract elementary classes stable in $\aleph_0$
Creators: name: Shelah, Saharon
name: Vasey, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C48 (Primary), 03C45, 03C52, 03C55 (Secondary)

description: We study abstract elementary classes (AECs) that, in $\aleph_0$, have amalgamation, joint embedding, no maximal models and are stable (in terms of the number of orbital types). Assuming a locality property for types, we prove that such classes exhibit superstable-like behavior at $\aleph_0$. More precisely, there is a superlimit model of cardinality $\aleph_0$ and the class generated by this superlimit has a type-full good $\aleph_0$-frame (a local notion of nonforking independence) and a superlimit model of cardinality $\aleph_1$. We also give a supersimplicity condition under which the locality hypothesis follows from the rest.
description: 27 pages
Producing the Deuteron in Stars: Anthropic Limits on Fundamental Constants
Creators: name: Barnes, Luke A.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar nucleosynthesis proceeds via the deuteron (D), but only a small change in the fundamental constants of nature is required to unbind it. Here, we investigate the effect of altering the binding energy of the deuteron on proton burning in stars. We find that the most definitive boundary in parameter space that divides probably life-permitting universes from probably life-prohibiting ones is between a bound and unbound deuteron. Due to neutrino losses, a ball of gas will undergo rapid cooling or stabilization by electron degeneracy pressure before it can form a stable, nuclear reaction-sustaining star. We also consider a less-bound deuteron, which changes the energetics of the $pp$ and $pep$ reactions. The transition to endothermic $pp$ and $pep$ reactions, and the resulting beta-decay instability of the deuteron, do not seem to present catastrophic problems for life.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to JCAP. Revised to match the published version; corrected to better take into account free neutrons
Robust pinning of magnetic moments in pyrochlore iridates
Creators: name: Yang, W. C.
name: Zhu, W. K.
name: Zhou, H. D.
name: Ling, L.
name: Choi, E. S.
name: Lee, M.
name: Losovyj, Y.
name: Lu, Chi-Ken
name: Zhang, S. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pyrochlore iridates A2Ir2O7 (A = rare earth elements, Y or Bi) hold great promise for realizing novel electronic and magnetic states owing to the interplay of spin-orbit coupling, electron correlation and geometrical frustration. A prominent example is the formation of all-in/all-out (AIAO)antiferromagnetic order in the Ir4+ sublattice that comprises of corner-sharing tetrahedra. Here we report on an unusual magnetic phenomenon, namely a cooling-field induced shift of magnetic hysteresis loop along magnetization axis, and its possible origin in pyrochlore iridates with non-magnetic Ir defects (e.g. Ir3+). In a simple model, we attribute the magnetic hysteresis loop to the formation of ferromagnetic droplets in the AIAO antiferromagnetic background. The weak ferromagnetism originates from canted antiferromagnetic order of the Ir4+ moments surrounding each non-magnetic Ir defect. The shift of hysteresis loop can be understood quantitatively based on an exchange-bias like effect in which the moments at the shell of the FM droplets are pinned by the AIAO AFM background via mainly the Heisenberg (J) and Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (D) interactions. The magnetic pinning is stable and robust against the sweeping cycle and sweeping field up to 35 T, which is possibly related to the magnetic octupolar nature of the AIAO order.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
The BMS4 algebra at spatial infinity
Creators: name: Troessaert, Cédric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how a global BMS4 algebra appears as the asymptotic symmetry algebra at spatial infinity. Using linearised theory, we then show that this global BMS4 algebra is the one introduced by Strominger as a symmetry of the S-matrix.
Exit-Channel Suppression in Statistical Reaction Theory
Creators: name: Bertsch, G. F.
name: Kawano, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Statistical reaction theories such as Hauser-Feshbach assume that branching ratios follow Bohr's compound nucleus hypothesis by factorizing into independent probabilities for different channels. Corrections to the factorization hypothesis are known in both nuclear theory and quantum transport theory, particularly an enhanced memory of the entrance channel. We apply the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble to study a complementary suppression of exit channel branching ratios. The effect can be large enough to provide information on the number of exit channels. The effect is demonstrated for the branching ratios of neutron-induced reactions on a $^{235}$U target.
description: 8 pages, 1 Figure, to be published in Physical Review Letters
Measure-geometric Laplacians for discrete distributions
Creators: name: Kesseböhmer, Marc
name: Samuel, Tony
name: Weyer, Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B35, 47G30, 45D05, 34B09, 35P20

description: In 2002 Freiberg and Zähle introduced and developed a harmonic calculus for measure-geometric Laplacians associated to continuous distributions. We show their theory can be extended to encompass distributions with finite support and give a matrix representation for the resulting operators. In the case of a uniform discrete distribution we make use of this matrix representation to explicitly determine the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the associated Laplacian.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Properties of 2+1-flavor QCD in the imaginary chemical potential region: model prediction
Creators: name: Sugano, Junpei
name: Kouno, Hiroaki
name: Yahiro, Masanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study properties of 2+1-flavor QCD in the imaginary chemical potential region by using two approaches. One is a theoretical approach based on QCD partition function, and the other is a qualitative one based on the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. In the theoretical approach, we clarify conditions imposed on the imaginary chemical potentials $μ_{f}=iθ_{f}T$ to realize the Roberge-Weiss (RW) periodicity. We also show that the RW periodicity is broken if anyone of $θ_{f}$ is fixed to a constant value. In order to visualize the condition, we use the PNJL model as a model possessing the RW periodicity, and draw the phase diagram as a function of $θ_{u}=θ_{d}\equiv θ_{l}$ for two conditions of $θ_{s}=θ_{l}$ and $θ_{s}=0$. We also consider two cases, $(μ_{u},μ_{d},μ_{s}) =(iθ_{u}T,iC_{1}T,0)$ and $(μ_{u},μ_{d},μ_{s})=(iC_{2}T,iC_{2}T,iθ_{s}T)$; here $C_{1}$ and $C_{2}$ are dimensionless constants, whereas $θ_{u}$ and $θ_{s}$ are treated as variables. For some choice of $C_{1}$ ($C_{2}$), the number density of up (strange) quark becomes smooth in the entire region of $θ_{u}$ ($θ_{s}$) even in high $T$ region.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
title: Persistent Debt and Business Cycles in an Economy with Production Heterogeneity
Creators: name: Khan, Aubhik
name: Lee, Soyoung
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2023

description: We study an economy with a time-varying distribution of production to examine the role of debt in amplifying and propagating recessions. In our model, entrepreneurs use risky, long-term debt to finance capital. Liquid assets serve as collateral and transaction costs make debt illiquid. Debt payments increase the volatility of earnings relative to output, deterring entrepreneurs with insufficient collateral from financing efficient levels of capital. This results in a misallocation of resources. In a large recession, productive entrepreneurs with high levels of debt deleverage, amplifying the downturn. The model economy exhibits asymmetries over the business cycle. Recessions involve a rapid deterioration of economic activity, while expansions are more gradual. When a recession coincides with a rise in leverage resulting from a fall in assets, fewer producers operate at efficient levels. When the aggregate business leverage is ten percentage points above average, the half-life of the recovery doubles.
description: Nous étudions une économie où la distribution de la production varie dans le temps pour examiner le rôle de la dette dans l’amplification et la propagation des récessions. Dans notre modèle, les entrepreneurs utilisent de la dette à long terme risquée pour financer des investissements. Des actifs liquides servent de garanties et les coûts de transaction rendent la dette illiquide. Les paiements de remboursement de la dette accroissent la volatilité des bénéfices par rapport à la production, ce qui décourage les entrepreneurs ayant des garanties insuffisantes de financer des niveaux de fonds propres adéquats. Cela entraîne une mauvaise allocation des ressources. En situation de récession profonde, les entrepreneurs productifs ayant des niveaux élevés d’endettement réduisent leur levier financier, amplifiant du même coup le ralentissement. L’économie de référence présente des asymétries au cours du cycle économique. Les périodes de récession se caractérisent par une détérioration rapide de l’activité économique, tandis que les phases d’expansion sont plus graduelles. Lorsqu’une récession coïncide avec une hausse du levier financier causée par une baisse des actifs, les producteurs sont moins nombreux à opérer à des niveaux efficaces. Lorsque le levier financier global des entreprises se situe à dix points de pourcentage au-dessus de la moyenne, il faut deux fois plus de temps pour atteindre le milieu du cycle de vie de la reprise.
Non-standard interactions of solar neutrinos in dark matter experiments
Creators: name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Liao, Shu
name: Strigari, Louis E.
name: Walker, Joel W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) affect both their propagation through matter and their detection, with bounds on NSI parameters coming from various astrophysical and terrestrial neutrino experiments. In this paper, we show that NSI can be probed in future direct dark matter detection experiments through both elastic neutrino-electron scattering and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, and that these channels provide complementary probes of NSI. We show NSI can increase the event rate due to solar neutrinos, with a sharp increase for lower nuclear recoil energy thresholds that are within reach for upcoming detectors. We also identify an interference range of NSI parameters for which the rate is reduced by approximately 40\%. Finally, we show that the "dark side" solution for the solar neutrino mixing angle may be discovered at forthcoming direct detection experiments.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
title: Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Absorption Process in Polygeneration
Creators: name: Almoslh, Adel
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: Polygeneration plants play an important role in environmental and energy issues. Polygeneration plants are built to produce chemical products such as petroleum products like naphtha and diesel, or to generate electricity in parallel. The importance of polygeneration plants has increased with the continuous increase in energy demand, as their numerous advantages contribute significantly to the flexibility of chemical products or energy supply and their thermodynamic efficiency is higher than that of single product systems. The absorption process is considered essential in polygeneration plants, as it removes harmful gases such as acid gas from the produced syngas. The absorption process is usually designed for steady-state operation. However, operating the absorption process varies over time. Sometimes, this is due to the change in load, startup, or shutdown. The study of the unsteady state of the absorption process due to load changes is interesting because it helps to reconsider design issues or improve the behavior of the absorption process during the unsteady state. In this work, the background of the main processes in the Polygeneration plant was presented. A laboratory-scale absorber test rig was built at the Institute of Energy Systems and Technology (EST) at Technical University of Darmstadt. The absorber test rig was commissioned to verify that it operates safely and meets the experimental requirements for which it was built. The steady-state and the dynamic state of the absorption process were conducted in the absorber test rig. The models of the absorption process are presented. A simulation of the absorption process was performed using Aspen PLUS and Aspen PLUS Dynamics simulation programs. The simulation results were validated with the experimental results. It was found that the different load changes and the different change rates of the gas and solvent have a significant effect on the acid gas concentration at the outlet of the absorber. The correlation between the behavior of the absorber during the transient state and the hydrodynamic properties of the sieve tray was investigated. It was found that the hydrodynamic properties of the sieve tray have a significant influence on the performance of the absorber during the transient state. Finally, the conclusion and the outlook were presented.
Path-integral Monte Carlo simulation of time-reversal noninvariant bulk systems with a case study of rotating Yukawa gases
Creators: name: Galambos, Tamás Haidekker
name: Toke, Csaba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate on the methodology to simulate bulk systems in the absence of time-reversal symmetry by the phase-fixed path-integral Monte Carlo method under (possibly twisted) periodic boundary conditions. Such systems include two-dimensional electrons in the quantum Hall regime and rotating ultracold Bose and Fermi gases; time-reversal symmetry is broken by an external magnetic field and the Coriolis force, respectively. We provide closed-form expressions in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions for the thermal density matrix (or the Euclidean propagator) of a single particle on a flat torus under very general conditions. We then modify the multi-slice sampling method in order to sample paths by the magnitude of the complex-valued thermal density matrix. Finally, we demonstrate that these inventions let us study the vortex melting process of a two-dimensional Yukawa gas in terms of the de Boer interaction strength parameter, temperature, and rotation (Coriolis force). The bosonic case is relevant to ultracold Fermi-Fermi mixtures of widely different masses under rotation.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Uniformly recurrent subgroups and simple $C^*$-algebras
Creators: name: Elek, Gabor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B05, 20E99, 46L05

description: We study uniformly recurrent subgroups (URS) introduced by Glasner and Weiss \cite{GW}. Answering their query we show that any URS $Z$ of a finitely generated group is the stability system of a minimal $Z$-proper action. We also show that for any sofic $URS$ $Z$ there is a $Z$-proper action admitting an invariant measure. We prove that for a $URS$ $Z$ all $Z$-proper actions admits an invariant measure if and only if $Z$ is coamenable. In the second part of the paper we study the separable $\C^*$-algebras associated to URS's. We prove that if an URS is generic then its $\C^*$-algebra is simple. We give various examples of generic URS's with exact and nuclear $\C^*$-algebras and an example of a URS $Z$ for which the associated simple $\C^*$-algebra is not exact and not even locally reflexive, in particular, it admits both a uniformly amenable trace and a nonuniformly amenable trace.
description: The section "Exactness and nuclearity" is added
COMBINING MODERN BERYLLIUM-10 COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDE INVENTORIES WITH DETRITAL ZIRCON URANIUM-LEAD GEOCHRONOLOGY IN SOUTH-CENTRAL CHILE: AN INVESTIGATION OF EROSION DYNAMICS AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION
Creators: name: Long, Grant Putnam
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: In situ 10-Be
subject: Detrital zircon
subject: Modern rivers
subject: Chile
subject: Erosion dynamics

description: This thesis applies detrital in-situ Beryllium-10 cosmogenic radionuclides and detrital zircon uranium-lead analyses to quantify the magnitude and sources of erosion and track the distribution of quartz and zircon in modern landscapes. Based on the results of this thesis, “double-dating” samples from the sedimentary archive might be used to reveal changes in erosion rate and source terranes because distinct erosion rates and zircon provenance exist within the source area of the deposit. This is accomplished in two steps: an initial calibration of quartz and zircon fertility and mixing along modern rivers using samples collected above and below major river confluences (this study), followed by sampling and analysis of sand from the sedimentary archive (future work).
The focus of this study was on the Mataquito River and its tributaries, the Teno and Lontué, adhering to a sampling geometry where a sample is collected above a confluence from each tributary and below the confluence. Fertility ratios for both quartz and zircon were calculated using the abundance of 10Be and the detrital zircon age distributions of each sample, as well as a mixing model. The results indicate that quartz and zircon fertilities are predominantly sourced from the southern (Lontué) tributary, while erosion rates are an order of magnitude higher in the northern (Teno) tributary.
We observed a pitfall of the current method in that the mixing of sediments from the Lontué and Teno tributaries was likely incomplete below the confluence of these two rivers. We explore several potential mixing scenarios to both demonstrate that this lack of mixing is most likely responsible for the observed data, as well as to explore the sensitivity of our inferences of quartz and zircon fertility to the poorly mixed sample. Future work will include a detailed empirical exploration of the effect of sediment mixing below the river confluence to improve quartz and zircon fertility estimates, as well as an analysis of geologic archives of sediments to infer the past magnitude and distribution of erosion rates within the Andes.