cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Needs assessment among health professionals for developing a simulation training visual aid for sexual assault victims’ initial health system approach.
Creators: name: Albuquerque, Vanessa
name: Coutinho, Isabela
name: Pontual, Eduarda
name: Andreto, Luciana
name: Brena Melo
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: A descriptive observational study was conducted. Healthcare professionals were consulted through an online survey regarding their perception of relevant items to be used for construction of the visual aid to be available during simulation training on sexual assault victims’ initial health system approach . The survey instrument was constructed based on a literature review and reviewed by a group of experts on the topic. Survey items were rated in a five-point Likert scale with regards to participants perceived relevance (5 = most, 1= least) of each item to be available in the visual aid to be developed. The frequency of each rating per item was analyzed. The primary results were presented in a novel round to participants to reach consensus, in a Delphi panel strategy. The study was approved the ethical committee of the FaculdadePernambucana de Saúde CAAE: 75552723.8.0000.5569. The most frequently identified as relevant items were: "respect the victim", "demonstrate empahty", "not to blame the victim". The findings were reviewed by a group of experts on the content and the visual aid was designed.
Using nonlinear control of resources to achieve differential performance objectives in software systems
Creators: name: Patikirikorala, Tharindu
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: In many competitive business domains, software systems have become vital to achieve the business objectives efficiently. In such software systems, maintaining performance properties such as response time and throughput at runtime is important to avoid customer dissatisfaction and violation of service level agreements. This is a challenging task as service providers typically need to share computing resources between service consumers in order to deliver those services efficiently under dynamic and unpredictable environmental conditions. Managing such systems using human-in-the-loop decision making methods at runtime is neither efficient nor cost-effective. As a result, runtime performance management tasks need to be automated. Closed-loop approaches based on control engineering methodologies have been widely investigated, as a way to achieve relative and absolute performance management objectives at runtime, while sharing a limited amount of resources. These approaches are based on linear modelling and control methods. However, linear approaches neglect the prominent nonlinear dynamics of the relative and absolute performance management systems and provide effective control only in a limited operating range. In this thesis, we classify the nonlinearities that exist in the relative and absolute performance management schemes. We then introduce two novel nonlinear feedback control methods to reduce the runtime impact of nonlinearities on the control system. In the first approach, compensators are integrated into the control system to reduce the impact of nonlinearities. In particular, a Hammerstein-Wiener block-oriented model is used for relative performance management while a MIMO Wiener model is used for absolute performance management. In the second approach, we represent the dynamics of the nonlinear system with multiple linear models. Multiple models and multiple linear controllers are implemented together with a switching scheme, to select the most suitable controller to provide control under the current operating conditions. In addition, we present a class library of control components, to facilitate the implementation of complex control systems for software systems. The evaluations conducted using simulation studies and experimental real-world case studies indicate that the proposed nonlinear approaches can significantly improve the performance and resource management capabilities compared to other state-of-the-art approaches. We further demonstrate that the class library significantly improves the efficiency of the control system engineering process.
Bayesian and frequentist estimators for the transition frequency of a driven two-level quantum system
Creators: name: Law, Chun Kit Dennis
name: Bernád, József Zsolt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formalism of quantum estimation theory with a specific focus on classical data postprocessing is applied to a two-level system driven by an external gyrating magnetic field. We employed both Bayesian and frequentist approaches to estimate the unknown transition frequency. In the frequentist approach, we have shown that only reducing the distance between the classical and the quantum Fisher information does not necessarily mean that the estimators as functions of the data deliver an estimate with desirable accuracy, as the classical Fisher information takes small values. We have proposed and investigated a cost function to account for the maximization of the classical Fisher information and the minimization of the aforementioned distance. Due to the nonlinearity of the probability mass function of the data on the transition frequency, the minimum variance unbiased estimator may not exist. The maximum likelihood and the maximum a posteriori estimators often result in ambiguous estimates, which in certain cases can be made unambiguous upon changing the parameters of the external field. It is demonstrated that the minimum mean-square error estimator of the Bayesian statistics provides unambiguous estimates. In the Bayesian approach, we have also investigated the effects of noninformative and informative priors on the Bayesian estimates, including a uniform prior, Jeffrey's prior, and a Gaussian prior.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
GOSHpods – Developing guidance for a growing podcast programme
Creators: name: Ahmed, Sarah
name: Ip, Emma
name: Hobson, Harriet
name: Hoong-Wei Gan
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Background

Podcasts are well-established as a means of delivering medical educational content to large audiences. The freely available podcast network at Great Ormond Street Hospital (“GOSHpods”) was established in October 2020 for this purpose. The network now comprises over 160 episodes and over 63,000 listens across all major platforms. Feedback from listeners has been overwhelmingly positive.  

There is no recognised guidance for medical podcasts. Current research largely explores the value of podcasts in medical education. However, our network is uniquely produced by a world-renowned tertiary hospital, where there are multiple stakeholder groups with sometimes competing priorities. As such, we aimed to evaluate the network three years in, addressing any challenges and creating more robust guidance. 

Summary of Work

A workshop, attended by representatives from the main stakeholder groups including Digital Learning, Communications, Education, and podcast hosts, was held. Through SWOT analyses, presentations and structured discussions, the workshop explored ways of tackling challenges, developing the network and highlighted areas for which guidance could be created.

The limitations of the workshop included a lack of representation from our audience.   

Summary of Results

Three challenges were identified: 1) balancing stakeholder priorities; 2) defining and measuring impact; 3) clarifying peer review processes. Discussions of these challenges led to the decision to create the following guidance: 1) podcast guidelines (including how-tos, clarification of production processes, and defined, achievable metrics); 2) a design agreement for producers and guests. These papers are being refined and will be implemented in the coming months.  

Discussion and Conclusion

The workshop was the first step in tackling challenges to allow us to develop the podcast network, situating it as both an educational resource and a hospital asset. Exploring challenges with input from all stakeholder groups has resulted in more comprehensive guidelines which could be extended to other educational podcasts. As with all such medical education podcasts, more research is needed into their impact on patient care.  

Take-home Message

As medical podcasts continue to grow, more robust guidance is needed to ensure the priorities of all stakeholders, including listeners, are balanced.
Direct imprinting of arbitrary spin textures using programmable structured light in a semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Kikuchi, Keito
name: Ishihara, Jun
name: Hiyama, Miari
name: Yamamoto, Sota
name: Ohno, Yuzo
name: Mori, Takachika
name: Miyajima, Kensuke
name: Kohda, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise control of spatial spin structures, such as spin helices, is critical for advancing spintronic devices, particularly in non-volatile, low-power information storage and processing. Conventional techniques, including transient spin grating spectroscopy and spatial- and time-resolved Kerr rotation microscopy, are limited by fixed optical grating periods and uniform light polarization, respectively, which constrain the flexibility of spin helix generation. Here, we introduce a novel approach utilizing structured light to directly imprint spatial spin structures in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. This method allows for the precise control over the wave number and configuration of the spin helices, overcoming the limitations of previous techniques. Experiments conducted using pump-probe Kerr rotation microscopy combined with a programmable spatial light modulator revealed the efficient and tunable generation of spin helices. This approach is broadly applicable not only to semiconductors but also to magnetic thin films and 2D materials.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Concordant and discordant DNA methylation signatures of aging in human blood and brain
Creators: name: Farré, Pau
name: Jones, Meaghan J.
name: Meaney, Michael J.
name: Emberly, Eldon
name: Turecki, Gustavo
name: Kobor, Michael S. (Geneticist)
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that balances plasticity with stability. While DNA methylation exhibits tissue specificity, it can also vary with age and potentially environmental exposures. In studies of DNA methylation, samples from specific tissues, especially brain, are frequently limited and so surrogate tissues are often used. As yet, we do not fully understand how DNA methylation profiles of these surrogate tissues relate to the profiles of the central tissue of interest. Results We have adapted principal component analysis to analyze data from the Illumina 450K Human Methylation array using a set of 17 individuals with 3 brain regions and whole blood. All of the top five principal components in our analysis were associated with a variable of interest: principal component 1 (PC1) differentiated brain from blood, PCs 2 and 3 were representative of tissue composition within brain and blood, respectively, and PCs 4 and 5 were associated with age of the individual (PC4 in brain and PC5 in both brain and blood). We validated our age-related PCs in four independent sample sets, including additional brain and blood samples and liver and buccal cells. Gene ontology analysis of all five PCs showed enrichment for processes that inform on the functions of each PC. Conclusions Principal component analysis (PCA) allows simultaneous and independent analysis of tissue composition and other phenotypes of interest. We discovered an epigenetic signature of age that is not associated with cell type composition and required no correction for cellular heterogeneity.
Competition Dynamics Shape Algorithmic Phases of In-Context Learning
Creators: name: Park, Core Francisco
name: Lubana, Ekdeep Singh
name: Pres, Itamar
name: Tanaka, Hidenori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In-Context Learning (ICL) has significantly expanded the general-purpose nature of large language models, allowing them to adapt to novel tasks using merely the inputted context. This has motivated a series of papers that analyze tractable synthetic domains and postulate precise mechanisms that may underlie ICL. However, the use of relatively distinct setups that often lack a sequence modeling nature to them makes it unclear how general the reported insights from such studies are. Motivated by this, we propose a synthetic sequence modeling task that involves learning to simulate a finite mixture of Markov chains. As we show, models trained on this task reproduce most well-known results on ICL, hence offering a unified setting for studying the concept. Building on this setup, we demonstrate we can explain a model's behavior by decomposing it into four broad algorithms that combine a fuzzy retrieval vs. inference approach with either unigram or bigram statistics of the context. These algorithms engage in a competition dynamics to dominate model behavior, with the precise experimental conditions dictating which algorithm ends up superseding others: e.g., we find merely varying context size or amount of training yields (at times sharp) transitions between which algorithm dictates the model behavior, revealing a mechanism that explains the transient nature of ICL. In this sense, we argue ICL is best thought of as a mixture of different algorithms, each with its own peculiarities, instead of a monolithic capability. This also implies that making general claims about ICL that hold universally across all settings may be infeasible.
description: ICLR 2025 Spotlight
Active phase separation: new phenomenology from non-equilibrium physics
Creators: name: Cates, M. E.
name: Nardini, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In active systems, whose constituents have non-equilibrium dynamics at local level, fluid-fluid phase separation is widely observed. Examples include the formation of membraneless organelles within cells; the clustering of self-propelled colloidal particles in the absence of attractive forces, and some types of ecological segregation. A schematic understanding of such active phase separation was initially borrowed from what is known for the equilibrium case, in which detailed balance holds at microscopic level. However it has recently become clear that in active systems the absence of detailed balance, although it leave phase separation qualitatively unchanged in some regimes (for example domain growth driven by interfacial tension via Ostwald ripening), can in other regimes radically alter its phenomenology at mechanistic level. For example, microphase separation can be caused by reverse Ostwald ripening, a process that is hard to imagine from an equilibrium perspective. This and other new phenomena arise because, instead of having a single, positive interfacial tension like their equilibrium counterparts, the fluid-fluid interfaces created by active phase separation can have several distinct interfacial tensions governing different properties, some of which can be negative. These phenomena can be broadly understood by studying continuum field theories for a single conserved scalar order parameter (the fluid density), supplemented with a velocity field in cases where momentum conservation is also present. More complex regimes arise in systems described by multiple scalar order parameters (especially with nonreciprocal interactions between these); or when an order parameter undergoes both conserved and non-conserved dynamics; or in systems that support orientational long-range order in one or more of the coexisting phases. In this Review [...]
description: Accepted for publication as a Review article in Reports on Progress in Physics
Additional file 1 of A real-world study of acute and preventive medication use, adherence, and persistence in patients prescribed fremanezumab in the United States
Creators: name: Krasenbaum, Lynda J.
name: Pedarla, Vasantha L.
name: Thompson, Stephen F.
name: Tangirala, Krishna
name: Cohen, Joshua M.
name: Driessen, Maurice T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Blue Loops, Cepheids, and Forays into Axions
Creators: name: Anderson, Kaleb
name: Gehrman, Thomas C.
name: Sandick, Pearl
name: Sinha, Kuver
name: Walsh, Edward
name: Xu, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The blue loop stage of intermediate mass stars has been called a "magnifying glass", where even seemingly small effects in prior stages of evolution, as well as assumptions about stellar composition, rotation, and convection, produce discernible changes. As such, blue loops, and especially the existence and properties of Cepheids, can serve as a laboratory where feebly connected Beyond Standard Model particles such as axions can be gainfully studied. We undertake a careful study of the effects of these putative particles on the blue loop, paying close attention to the evolution of the core potential and the hydrogen profile. Our simulations, performed with MESA, place bounds on the axion-photon coupling using the galactic Cepheid S Mus, with dynamically-determined mass of $6 M_\odot$, as a benchmark. The effects of varying convective overshoot on the core potential and hydrogen profile, and the ensuing changes in the axion constraints, are carefully studied. Along the way, we explore the "mirror principle" induced by the hydrogen burning shell and contrast our results with those existing in the literature. Less conservative (but more stringent) bounds on the axion-photon coupling are given for a $9 M_\odot$ model, which is the heaviest that can be simulated if overshoot is incorporated, and tentative projections are given for a $12 M_\odot$ model, which is approximately the heaviest tail of the mass distribution of galactic Cepheids determined by pulsation models using Gaia DR2. Our main message is that the reliable simulation and observation (ideally, through dynamical mass determination) of massive Cepheids constitutes an important frontier in axion searches, challenges in modeling uncertainties in the microphysics of the blue loop stage notwithstanding.
description: 28+3 pages, 20 figures; v2: version published in JCAP
Evidence for environmental effects in the $z\,{=}\,4.3$ protocluster core SPT2349$-$56
Creators: name: Hughes, Chayce
name: Hill, Ryley
name: Chapman, Scott
name: Aravena, Manuel
name: Archipley, Melanie
name: Dike, Veronica J.
name: Gonzalez, Anthony
name: Greve, Thomas R.
name: Gururajan, Gayathri
name: Hayward, Chris
name: Phadke, Kedar
name: Reuter, Cassie
name: Spilker, Justin
name: Sulzenauer, Nikolaus
name: Vieira, Joaquin D.
name: Vizgan, David
name: Wang, George
name: Weiss, Axel
name: Zhou, Dazhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ALMA observations of the [CI] 492 and 806$\,$GHz fine-structure lines in 25 dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at $z\,{=}\,4.3$ in the core of the SPT2349$-$56 protocluster. The protocluster galaxies exhibit a median $L^\prime_{[\text{CI}](2-1)}/L^\prime_{[\text{CI}](1-0)}$ ratio of 0.94 with an interquartile range of 0.81-1.24. These ratios are markedly different to those observed in DSFGs in the field (across a comparable redshift and 850$\,μ$m flux density range), where the median is 0.55 with an interquartile range of 0.50-0.76, and we show that this difference is driven by an excess of [CI](2-1) in the protocluster galaxies for a given 850$\,μ$m flux density. Assuming local thermal equilibrium, we estimate gas excitation temperatures of $T_{\rm ex}\,{=}\,59.1^{+8.1}_{-6.8}\,$K for our protocluster sample and $T_{\rm ex}\,{=}\,33.9^{+2.4}_{-2.2}\,$K for the field sample. Our main interpretation of this result is that the protocluster galaxies have had their cold gas driven to their cores via close-by interactions within the dense environment, leading to an overall increase in the average gas density and excitation temperature, and an elevated [CI](2-1) luminosity-to-far-infrared luminosity ratio.
Price of resettling refugees should not be our silence on Cambodia
Creators: name: Neumann, Klaus
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: In recent weeks, Abbott government ministers have been spruiking a plan for Cambodia to resettle some or all asylum seekers on Nauru who are found to be genuine refugees. While the Australian and Cambodian governments are yet to finalise an agreement, it may just be a matter of time. Cambodia is 'very keen', as foreign minister Julie Bishop pointed out repeatedly in an interview, to be a part of a 'regional solution' to the asylum seeker dilemma. Australia, too, is keen.
Le parole dell'immigrazione
Creators: name: Gualdo, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Italian linguistics
Lexicography
Lexicology

description: Le parole dell’immigrazione, in«Acciò che ’l nostro dire sia ben chiaro». Scritti per Nicoletta Maraschio, a cura di Marco Biffi, Francesca Cialdini, Raffaella Setti, Firenze, Accademia della Crusca, 2018, pp. 533-554. ISBN: 978-88-8936-9739
Bright and Purcell-enhanced single photon emission from a silicon G center
Creators: name: Kim, Kyu-Young
name: Lee, Chang-Min
name: Boreiri, Amirehsan
name: Purkayastha, Purbita
name: Islam, Fariba
name: Harper, Samuel
name: Kim, Je-Hyung
name: Waks, Edo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon G centers show significant promise as single photon sources in a scalable silicon platform. But these color centers have large non-radiative decay and a low Debye-Waller factor, limiting their usability in quantum applications. In this work, we demonstrate bright Purcell-enhanced emission from a silicon G center by coupling it to a nanophotonic cavity. The nanobeam cavity enhances the spontaneous emission rate of a single G center by a factor of 6, corresponding to a Purcell factor greater than 31 when accounting for decay into the phonon sideband. We obtain a spontaneous emission rate of 0.97 ns, which is the fastest single photon emission rate reported in silicon. With this radiative enhancement, we achieve an order of magnitude improvement in emitter brightness compared to previously reported values. These results pave the way for scalable quantum light sources on a silicon photonic chip.
Positivity of state, trace, and moment polynomials, and applications in quantum information
Creators: name: Huber, Felix
name: Magron, Victor
name: Volčič, Jurij
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: State, trace, and moment polynomials are polynomial expressions in several operator or random variables and positive functionals on their products (states, traces or expectations). While these concepts, and in particular their positivity and optimization, arose from problems in quantum information theory, yet they naturally fit under the umbrella of multivariate operator theory. This survey presents state, trace, and moment polynomials in a concise and unified way, and highlights their similarities and differences. The focal point is their positivity and optimization. Sums of squares certificates for unconstrained and constrained positivity (Positivstellensätze) are given, and parallels with their commutative and freely noncommutative analogs are discussed. They are used to design a convergent hierarchy of semidefinite programs for optimization of state, trace, and moment polynomials. Finally, circling back to the original motivation behind the derived theory, multiple applications in quantum information theory are outlined.
description: 28 pages, 1 table
Zero energy modes with Gaussian, exponential, or polynomial decay: Exact solutions in hermitian and nonhermitian regimes
Creators: name: Marra, Pasquale
name: Nigro, Angela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological zero modes in topological insulators or superconductors are exponentially localized at the phase transition between a topologically trivial and nontrivial phase. These modes are solutions of a Jackiw-Rebbi equation modified with an additional term which is quadratic in the momentum. Moreover, localized fermionic modes can also be induced by harmonic potentials in superfluids and superconductors or in atomic nuclei. Here, by using inverse methods, we consider in the same framework exponentially-localized zero modes, as well as Gaussian modes induced by harmonic potentials (with superexponential decay) and polynomially decaying modes (with subexponential decay), and derive the explicit and analytical form of the modified Jackiw-Rebbi equation (and of the Schrödinger equation) which admits these modes as solutions. We find that the asymptotic behavior of the mass term is crucial in determining the decay properties of the modes. Furthermore, these considerations naturally extend to the nonhermitian regime. These findings allow us to classify and understand topological and nontopological boundary modes in topological insulators and superconductors.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, published on PTEP
Prediction accuracies for growth and wood attributes of interior spruce in space using genotyping-by-sequencing
Creators: name: Gamal El-Dien, Omnia
name: Ratcliffe, Blaise
name: Klápště, Jaroslav
name: Chen, Charles
name: Porth, Ilga
name: El-Kassaby, Yousry A.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Genomic selection (GS) in forestry can substantially reduce the length of breeding cycle and increase gain per unit time through early selection and greater selection intensity, particularly for traits of low heritability and late expression. Affordable next-generation sequencing technologies made it possible to genotype large numbers of trees at a reasonable cost. Results: Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to genotype 1,126 Interior spruce trees representing 25 open-pollinated families planted over three sites in British Columbia, Canada. Four imputation algorithms were compared (mean value (MI), singular value decomposition (SVD), expectation maximization (EM), and a newly derived, family-based k-nearest neighbor (kNN-Fam)). Trees were phenotyped for several yield and wood attributes. Single- and multi-site GS prediction models were developed using the Ridge Regression Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (RR-BLUP) and the Generalized Ridge Regression (GRR) to test different assumption about trait architecture. Finally, using PCA, multi-trait GS prediction models were developed. The EM and kNN-Fam imputation methods were superior for 30 and 60% missing data, respectively. The RR-BLUP GS prediction model produced better accuracies than the GRR indicating that the genetic architecture for these traits is complex. GS prediction accuracies for multi-site were high and better than those of single-sites while multi-site predictability produced the lowest accuracies reflecting type-b genetic correlations and deemed unreliable. The incorporation of genomic information in quantitative genetics analyses produced more realistic heritability estimates as half-sib pedigree tended to inflate the additive genetic variance and subsequently both heritability and gain estimates. Principle component scores as representatives of multi-trait GS prediction models produced surprising results where negatively correlated traits could be concurrently selected for using PCA2 and PCA3. Conclusions: The application of GS to open-pollinated family testing, the simplest form of tree improvement evaluation methods, was proven to be effective. Prediction accuracies obtained for all traits greatly support the integration of GS in tree breeding. While the within-site GS prediction accuracies were high, the results clearly indicate that single-site GS models ability to predict other sites are unreliable supporting the utilization of multi-site approach. Principle component scores provided an opportunity for the concurrent selection of traits with different phenotypic optima.
Economic Literacy and Vulnerability to Modern-day Slavery Among Secondary School Economics Teachers in Lagos State Nigeria
Creators: name: West African Journal of Educational Administration And Planning
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Journal
Thesis
Publications

description: This study examines the link between economic literacy and vulnerability to modern-day slavery among secondary school economics teachers in Lagos State, Nigeria. It explores how financial knowledge influences susceptibility to exploitation and highlights the need for improved economic education to enhance teachers' financial security and independence.
Stability of chiral magnon condensates in collinear antiferromagnetic insulators
Creators: name: Frostad, Therese
name: Kristoffersen, Anne Louise
name: Brehm, Verena
name: Troncoso, Roberto E.
name: Brataas, Arne
name: Qaiumzadeh, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasiequilibrium magnon Bose-Einstein condensates in ferromagnetic insulators have been a field of great interest, while condensation in antiferromagnetic systems has not yet been explored in detail. We analyze the stability of condensed chiral magnons in two antiferromagnetic insulators: a uniaxial easy-axis system and a biaxial system. We show that two-component magnon condensation and inter-magnon interactions are essential to create metastable magnon condensation. The uniaxial system with a Rashba-type Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction supports two degenerate condensate populations at finite wave vectors. We find that the condensation state in this model is (meta)stable only when the distribution of condensed magnons between the two populations is symmetric. In addition, we demonstrate the emergence of a zero-sound-like Goldstone mode in antiferromagnetic systems that support two-component magnon condensation. On the other hand, in the biaxial system without Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, we predict that the magnon condensate cannot stabilize due to the breaking of the magnon degeneracy. Our results suggest that this instability is a general characteristic of single-component quasiequilibrium quasiparticle condensates.
description: 8 pages + Refs, 3 figures
A scoping review of the proximal humerus fracture literature
Creators: name: Slobogean, Gerard P.
name: Johal, Herman
name: Lefaivre, Kelly A.
name: MacIntyre, Norma J.
name: Sprague, Sheila
name: Scott, Taryn
name: Guy, Pierre
name: Cripton, Peter Alec, 1965-
name: McKee, Michael
name: Bhandari, Mohit
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: Proximal humerus fractures are a common fragility fracture that significantly affects the independence of older adults. The outcomes of these fractures are frequently disappointing and previous systematic reviews are unable to guide clinical practice. Through an integrated knowledge user collaboration, we sought to map the breadth of literature available to guide the management of proximal humerus fractures. Methods: We utilized a scoping review technique because of its novel ability to map research activity and identify knowledge gaps in fields with diverse treatments. Through multiple electronic database searches, we identified a comprehensive body of proximal humerus fracture literature that was classified into eight research themes. Meta-data from each study were abstracted and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results. Results: 1,051 studies met our inclusion criteria with the majority of research being performed in Europe (64%). The included literature consists primarily of surgical treatment studies (67%) and biomechanical fracture models (10%). Nearly half of all clinical studies are uncontrolled case series of a single treatment (48%). Non-randomized comparative studies represented 12% of the literature and only 3% of the studies were randomized controlled trials. Finally, studies with a primary outcome examining the effectiveness of non-operative treatment or using a prognostic study design were also uncommon (4% and 6%, respectively). Conclusions: The current study provides a comprehensive summary of the existing proximal humerus fracture literature using a thematic framework developed by a multi-disciplinary collaboration. Several knowledge gaps have been identified and have generated a roadmap for future research priorities.
Taming Landau level mixing in fractional quantum Hall states with deep learning
Creators: name: Qian, Yubing
name: Zhao, Tongzhou
name: Zhang, Jianxiao
name: Xiang, Tao
name: Li, Xiang
name: Chen, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong correlation brings a rich array of emergent phenomena, as well as a daunting challenge to theoretical physics study. In condensed matter physics, the fractional quantum Hall effect is a prominent example of strong correlation, with Landau level mixing being one of the most challenging aspects to address using traditional computational methods. Deep learning real-space neural network wavefunction methods have emerged as promising architectures to describe electron correlations in molecules and materials, but their power has not been fully tested for exotic quantum states. In this work, we employ real-space neural network wavefunction techniques to investigate fractional quantum Hall systems. On both $1/3$ and $2/5$ filling systems, we achieve energies consistently lower than exact diagonalization results which only consider the lowest Landau level. We also demonstrate that the real-space neural network wavefunction can naturally capture the extent of Landau level mixing up to a very high level, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods. Our work underscores the potential of neural networks for future studies of strongly correlated systems and opens new avenues for exploring the rich physics of the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Gravitational quasinormal modes of black holes in quadratic gravity
Creators: name: Antoniou, Georgios
name: Gualtieri, Leonardo
name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gravitational perturbations of black holes in quadratic gravity, in which the Einstein-Hilbert term is supplemented by quadratic terms in the curvature tensor. In this class of theories, the Schwarzschild solution can coexist with modified black hole solutions, and both families are radially stable in a wide region of the parameter space. Here we study non-radial perturbations of both families of static, spherically symmetric black holes, computing the quasi-normal modes with axial parity and finding strong numerical evidence for the stability of these solutions under axial perturbations. The perturbation equations describe the propagation of a massless and a massive spin-two fields. We show that the Schwarzschild solution admits the same quasi-normal modes as in general relativity, together with new classes of modes corresponding to the massive spin-two degrees of freedom. The spectrum of the modified black hole solution has the same structure, but all modes are different from those of general relativity. We argue that both classes of modes can be excited in physical processes, suggesting that a characteristic signature of this theory is the presence of massive spin-two modes in the gravitational ringdown, even when the stationary solution is the same as in general relativity.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Characteristic integrals and general solution of the Ferapontov-Shabat-Yamilov lattice
Creators: name: Demskoi, Dmitry K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the finite (non-periodic) systems obtained from a lattice introduced by Ferapontov and independently by Shabat and Yamilov, we present a quadrature-free general solution and a recurrent formula for the characteristic integrals. The derivation of these formulae relies on the underlying determinantal equations. We illustrate the results using a two-component system.
description: 12 pages, no figures
Additional file 1 of Uncovering the genetic diversity of Giardia intestinalis in isolates from outbreaks in New Zealand
Creators: name: Ogbuigwe, Paul
name: Biggs, Patrick J.
name: Garcia-Ramirez, Juan Carlos
name: Knox, Matthew A.
name: Pita, Anthony
name: Velathanthiri, Niluka
name: French, Nigel P.
name: Hayman, David T. S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sample metadata.
Additional file 1 of Mucosal healing of small intestinal stricture is associated with improved prognosis post-dilation in Crohn’s disease
Creators: name: Hibiya, Shuji
name: Ohtsuka, Kazuo
name: Takenaka, Kento
name: Kawamoto, Ami
name: Matsuyama, Yusuke
name: Udagawa, Yumi
name: Motobayashi, Maiko
name: Shimizu, Hiromichi
name: Fujii, Toshimitsu
name: Saito, Eiko
name: Nagahori, Masakazu
name: Okamoto, Ryuichi
name: Watanabe, Mamoru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline characteristics of the duration of TNF use in patients at the time of EBD (n = 98).
La variazione nella comunicazione specialistica
Creators: name: GUALDO, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Italian Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Languages for Special Purposes

description: La variazione nella comunicazione specialistica, in Parole nostre. Le diverse voci dell’italiano specialistico e settoriale, a cura di Jacqueline Visconti, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2019, pp. 57-76 ISBN: 978-88-15-28545-4
Additional file 2 of Mucosal healing of small intestinal stricture is associated with improved prognosis post-dilation in Crohn’s disease
Creators: name: Hibiya, Shuji
name: Ohtsuka, Kazuo
name: Takenaka, Kento
name: Kawamoto, Ami
name: Matsuyama, Yusuke
name: Udagawa, Yumi
name: Motobayashi, Maiko
name: Shimizu, Hiromichi
name: Fujii, Toshimitsu
name: Saito, Eiko
name: Nagahori, Masakazu
name: Okamoto, Ryuichi
name: Watanabe, Mamoru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Cox proportional hazards model showing the hazard ratios for surgery (n = 98), adding balloon dilation diameter as a variable.
ICLR: In-Context Learning of Representations
Creators: name: Park, Core Francisco
name: Lee, Andrew
name: Lubana, Ekdeep Singh
name: Yang, Yongyi
name: Okawa, Maya
name: Nishi, Kento
name: Wattenberg, Martin
name: Tanaka, Hidenori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work has demonstrated that semantics specified by pretraining data influence how representations of different concepts are organized in a large language model (LLM). However, given the open-ended nature of LLMs, e.g., their ability to in-context learn, we can ask whether models alter these pretraining semantics to adopt alternative, context-specified ones. Specifically, if we provide in-context exemplars wherein a concept plays a different role than what the pretraining data suggests, do models reorganize their representations in accordance with these novel semantics? To answer this question, we take inspiration from the theory of conceptual role semantics and define a toy "graph tracing" task wherein the nodes of the graph are referenced via concepts seen during training (e.g., apple, bird, etc.) and the connectivity of the graph is defined via some predefined structure (e.g., a square grid). Given exemplars that indicate traces of random walks on the graph, we analyze intermediate representations of the model and find that as the amount of context is scaled, there is a sudden re-organization from pretrained semantic representations to in-context representations aligned with the graph structure. Further, we find that when reference concepts have correlations in their semantics (e.g., Monday, Tuesday, etc.), the context-specified graph structure is still present in the representations, but is unable to dominate the pretrained structure. To explain these results, we analogize our task to energy minimization for a predefined graph topology, providing evidence towards an implicit optimization process to infer context-specified semantics. Overall, our findings indicate scaling context-size can flexibly re-organize model representations, possibly unlocking novel capabilities.
description: ICLR 2025
Additional file 3 of Mucosal healing of small intestinal stricture is associated with improved prognosis post-dilation in Crohn’s disease
Creators: name: Hibiya, Shuji
name: Ohtsuka, Kazuo
name: Takenaka, Kento
name: Kawamoto, Ami
name: Matsuyama, Yusuke
name: Udagawa, Yumi
name: Motobayashi, Maiko
name: Shimizu, Hiromichi
name: Fujii, Toshimitsu
name: Saito, Eiko
name: Nagahori, Masakazu
name: Okamoto, Ryuichi
name: Watanabe, Mamoru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Cox proportional hazards model showing the hazard ratios for surgery; adding duration of anti-TNF use as a variable.
Additional file 4 of Mucosal healing of small intestinal stricture is associated with improved prognosis post-dilation in Crohn’s disease
Creators: name: Hibiya, Shuji
name: Ohtsuka, Kazuo
name: Takenaka, Kento
name: Kawamoto, Ami
name: Matsuyama, Yusuke
name: Udagawa, Yumi
name: Motobayashi, Maiko
name: Shimizu, Hiromichi
name: Fujii, Toshimitsu
name: Saito, Eiko
name: Nagahori, Masakazu
name: Okamoto, Ryuichi
name: Watanabe, Mamoru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Logistic regression model showing the odds ratios for redilation of patients who underwent follow-up endoscopy (n = 71), adding endoscopic treatment and follow-up time as variables.
Additional file 1 of Ursolic acid-enriched kudingcha extract enhances the antitumor activity of bacteria-mediated cancer immunotherapy
Creators: name: Xu, Haixia
name: Piao, Linghua
name: Liu, Xiande
name: Jiang, Sheng-nan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of CYP2E1 plays a suppressive role in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating Wnt/Dvl2/β-catenin signaling
Creators: name: Zhu, Lili
name: Yang, Xiaobei
name: Feng, Jingyu
name: Mao, Jian
name: Zhang, Qidong
name: He, Mengru
name: Mi, Yang
name: Mei, Yingwu
name: Jin, Ge
name: Zhang, Haifeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Donor characteristics of human liver samples. Table S2. Primers for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Variation in Trembling Aspen and White Spruce Wood Quality Grown in Mixed and Single Species Stands in the Boreal Mixedwood Forest
Creators: name: De Araujo, Francis
name: Hart, James F.
name: Mansfield, Shawn D., 1969-
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: The Canadian boreal forest is largely represented by mixed wood forests of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx). In this study, a total of 300 trees originating from three sites composed of trembling aspen and white spruce with varying compositions were investigated for wood quality traits: one site was composed mainly of aspen, one mainly of spruce and a third was a mixed site. Four wood quality traits were examined: wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), fibre characteristics, and cell wall chemistry. Social classes were also determined for each site in an attempt to provide a more in-depth comparison. Wood density showed little variation among sites for both species, with only significant differences occurring between social classes. The aspen site showed statistically lower MFAs than the aspen from the mixed site, however, no differences were observed when comparing spruce. Fibre characteristics were higher in the pure species sites for both species. There were no differences in carbohydrate contents across sites, while lignin content varied. Overall, the use of social classes did not refine the characterization of sites.