Additional file 1 of Two-stage conversion of syngas and pyrolysis aqueous condensate into L-malate
Creators: name: Robazza, Alberto
name: Baleeiro, Flávio C. F.
name: Kleinsteuber, Sabine
name: Neumann, Anke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary material 1: Table S1. GC–MS characterization of the aqueous condensate deriving from the fast pyrolysis of Miscanthus was performed by the Thünen Institute of Wood Research, (Hamburg, Germany). Table S2. Composition in gCOD/Ld and electron moles (e-mM/d) of the feed (for both syngas and PAC) for both the mesophilic and the thermophilic semi-continuous fermentations. Table S3. Conversion factors for electron balances. Figure S1. Fermentation profile of the mesophilic process. Top x-axis shows increases in PAC loading, bottom x-axis shows the elapsed fermentation time. The red bar indicate the period of weekly re-inoculations. (a) pH and redox potential. (b) Partial pressures of CO and H2. (c) Concentration of undissociated carboxylates. (d) Removal efficacy of each cresol isomer. Negative values indicate production. (e) Concentrations of total (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS). Figure S2. Fermentation profile of the thermophilic process. Top x-axis shows increases in PAC loading, bottom x-axis shows the elapsed fermentation time. Red arrows point to re-inoculation events, the red bar indicate the period of weekly re-inoculations. (a) pH and redox potential. (b) Partial pressures of CO and H2. (c) Concentration of undissociated carboxylates. (d) Removal efficacy of each cresol isomer. Negative values indicate production. (e) Concentrations of total and volatile suspended solids. (f) Relative abundance of the enriched archaeal genera (based on mcrA gene amplicon sequencing variants). Others include all microbial genera with abundance lower than 1%. Figure S3. Spearman’s rank correlations between relative abundance of methanogens (based on mcrA gene amplicon sequencing variants) and process parameters for the thermophilic semi-continuous STR enrichment. The strength of the correlation is represented by the size of the circle and intensity of the color. Blue circles indicate positive correlations. Red circles indicate negative correlations. p values are shown for non-significant correlations (p &lt; 0.05). Figure S4. CO, H2, CH4 production rates during the decrease in CO uptake rates for the thermophilic syngas and PAC co-fermentation. Figure S5. Photos depicting A. oryzae growth for all aerobic flask fermentations after 72 h. The pictures labeled with 6% PAC were recorded from cultivations with the supernatant collected after 207 days of fermentation for both mesophilic and thermophilic process. Pictures labeled with 6% PAC END were recorded from cultivations with the supernatant collected after 213 days of fermentation for both mesophilic and thermophilic process. Table S4. L-malate and SCCs concentrations over time and L-malate highest yields per SCCs consumed. Numbers are mean values with standard deviations calculated from three replicates. The medium was the supernatant of the fermentation broth collected from the mesophilic reactor. Figure S6. L-malate, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations over time. Numbers are mean values with standard deviations calculated from three replicates. The medium was the supernatant of the fermentation broth collected from the mesophilic reactor. Table S5. L-malate and SCCs concentrations over time and L-malate highest yields per SCCs consumed. Numbers are mean values with standard deviations calculated from three replicates. The medium was the supernatant of the fermentation broth collected from the thermophilic reactor. Figure S7. L-malate, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations over time. Numbers are mean values with standard deviations calculated from three replicates. The medium was the supernatant of the fermentation broth collected from the thermophilic reactor.