Investigating the potential anticancer activities of antibiotics as topoisomerase II inhibitors and DNA intercalators: <i>in vitro</i>, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and SAR studies
Creators: name: Farouk, Faten
name: Elmaaty, Ayman Abo
name: Elkamhawy, Ahmed
name: Tawfik, Haytham O.
name: Alnajjar, Radwan
name: Abourehab, Mohammed A. S.
name: Saleh, Mohamed A.
name: Eldehna, Wagdy M.
name: Al‐Karmalawy, Ahmed A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Topoisomerase II (TOP-2) is a promising molecular target for cancer therapy. Numerous antibiotics could interact with biologically relevant macromolecules and provoke antitumor potential. Herein, molecular docking studies were used to investigate the binding interactions of 138 antibiotics against the human topoisomerase II-DNA complex. Followed by the MD simulations for 200 ns and MM-GBSA calculations. On the other hand, the antitumor activities of the most promising candidates were investigated against three cancer cell lines using doxorubicin (DOX) as a reference drug. Notably, spiramycin (<b>SP</b>) and clarithromycin (<b>CL</b>) showed promising anticancer potentials on the MCF-7 cell line. Moreover, azithromycin (<b>AZ</b>) and <b>CL</b> exhibited good anticancer potentials against the HCT-116 cell line. Finally, the TOP-2 enzyme inhibition assay was carried out to confirm the proposed rationale. Briefly, potent TOP-2 inhibitory potentials were recorded for erythromycin (<b>ER</b>) and roxithromycin (<b>RO</b>). Additionally, a SAR study opened eyes to promising anticancer pharmacophores encountered by these antibiotics.HighlightsMolecular docking studies of 139 antibiotics against the topoisomerase II-DNA complex.<b>SP</b>, <b>RO</b>, <b>AZ</b>, <b>CL</b>, and <b>ER</b> were the most promising and commercially available candidates.Molecular dynamics simulations for 200 ns for the most promising five complexes.MM-GBSA calculations for the frontier five complexes.<b>SP</b> and <b>CL</b> showed promising anticancer potentials on the MCF-7 cell line, besides, <b>AZ</b> and <b>CL</b> exhibited good anticancer potentials against the HCT-116 cell line.Potent TOP-2 inhibitory potentials were recorded for <b>ER</b> and <b>RO</b>. Molecular docking studies of 139 antibiotics against the topoisomerase II-DNA complex. <b>SP</b>, <b>RO</b>, <b>AZ</b>, <b>CL</b>, and <b>ER</b> were the most promising and commercially available candidates. Molecular dynamics simulations for 200 ns for the most promising five complexes. MM-GBSA calculations for the frontier five complexes. <b>SP</b> and <b>CL</b> showed promising anticancer potentials on the MCF-7 cell line, besides, <b>AZ</b> and <b>CL</b> exhibited good anticancer potentials against the HCT-116 cell line. Potent TOP-2 inhibitory potentials were recorded for <b>ER</b> and <b>RO</b>.