cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The ACT-DR5 MCMF Galaxy Cluster Catalog
Creators: name: Klein, Matthias
name: Mohr, Joseph J.
name: Davies, Christopher T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters are useful cosmological probes and interesting astrophysical laboratories. With growing cluster samples, a deeper understanding of the sample characteristics and improved control of systematics becomes more crucial. In this analysis we create a new and larger ACT-DR5-based thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (tSZE) selected galaxy cluster catalog with improved control over sample purity and completeness. We employ the red sequence based cluster redshift and confirmation tool MCMF together with optical imaging data from the Legacy Survey DR-10 and infrared data from the WISE satellite to systematicallyidentify true clusters from a new cluster candidate detection run on the ACT-DR5 dataset. The resulting ACT-DR5 MCMF sample contains 6,237 clusters with a residual contamination of 10.7%. This is an increase of 51% compared to the previous ACT-DR5 cluster catalog, making this catalog the largest tSZE-selected cluster catalog to date. The z>1 subsample contains 703 clusters, three times more than in the previous ACT-DR5 catalog. Matching the ACT-DR5 MCMF cluster catalog with a deeper tSZE sample from SPTpol 500d allows us to confirm the completeness and purity of the new ACT-DR5 MCMF sample. Cross-matching to the two largest X-ray selected cluster samples, the all-sky RASS MCMF and the half-sky eRASS1, confirms the sample purity of the RASS MCMF sample and in the case of eRASS1 reveals that 43% of the matched clusters are designated in eRASS1 as X-ray point sources rather than clusters. Cross-correlating the ACT-DR5 MCMF cluster catalog with ACT-DR6 lensing maps results in a 16.4σdetection of CMB lensing around the clusters, corresponding to the strongest signal found so far for a galaxy cluster sample. Repeating the measurement for the z>1 cluster subsample yields a significance of 4.3σ, which is the strongest CMB lensing detection in a z>1 cluster sample to date.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, submitted to A&A
Nematic spin correlations pervading the phase diagram of FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_{x}$
Creators: name: Liu, Ruixian
name: Zhang, Wenliang
name: Wei, Yuan
name: Tao, Zhen
name: Asmara, Teguh C.
name: Li, Yi
name: Strocov, Vladimir N.
name: Yu, Rong
name: Si, Qimiao
name: Schmitt, Thorsten
name: Lu, Xingye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the Fe-L$_3$ edge to study the spin excitations of uniaxial-strained and unstrained FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_{x}$ ($0\leq x\leq0.21$) samples. The measurements on unstrained samples reveal dispersive spin excitations in all doping levels, which show only minor doping dependence in energy dispersion, lifetime, and intensity, indicating that high-energy spin excitations are only marginally affected by sulfur doping. RIXS measurements on uniaxial-strained samples reveal that the high-energy spin-excitation anisotropy observed previously in FeSe is also present in the doping range $0< x\leq0.21$ of FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_{x}$. The spin-excitation anisotropy persists to a high temperature up to $T>200$ K in $x=0.18$ and reaches a maximum around the nematic quantum critical doping ($x_c\approx0.17$). Since the spin-excitation anisotropy directly reflects the existence of nematic spin correlations, our results indicate that high-energy nematic spin correlations pervade the regime of nematicity in the phase diagram and are enhanced by the nematic quantum criticality. These results emphasize the essential role of spin fluctuations in driving electronic nematicity and open the door for uniaxial strain tuning of spin excitations in quantum materials hosting strong magnetoelastic coupling and electronic nematicity.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, supplemental materials uploaded
MOESM1 of Anther culture in rice proportionally rescues microspores according to gametophytic gene effect and enhances genetic study of hybrid sterility
Creators: name: Kanaoka, Yoshitaka
name: Kuniyoshi, Daichi
name: Inada, Eri
name: Koide, Yohei
name: Okamoto, Yoshihiro
name: Yasui, Hideshi
name: Kishima, Yuji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Chromosomal positions of O. glaberrima fragments in GIL31 (a) and GIL27 (b). Boxes represent chromosomal segments of GIL31 and GIL27 based on genotype data obtained from Oryzabase ( https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/ ). The different colored regions indicate homozygous Taichung65 fragments (white), homozygous IRGC104038 fragments (blue), and heterozygous or undetermined fragments (gray). The black bars on the right sides of boxes indicate homozygous IRGC104038 fragments on chromosome 6 of GIL31 (a) and chromosome 3 of GIL27 (b) harboring S1 and S19, respectively. Figure S2. Graphical representation of genotypes of calli derived from interspecific F1 hybrids between O. sativa and O. glaberrima. A total of 104 anther culture-induced calli were evaluated using 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to HS loci; 52 calli were completely homozygous at all markers, and 52 exhibited partial heterozygosity. Cell colors indicate allele genotypes at the 11 SSR loci as follows: yellow, homozygous for the glaberrima allele; green, homozygous for the sativa allele; red, heterozygous.
Small-Scale Magnetic Fields are Critical to Shaping Solar Gamma-Ray Emission
Creators: name: Li, Jung-Tsung
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Griffith, Spencer
name: Peter, Annika H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sun is a bright gamma-ray source due to hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with solar gas. While it is known that incoming cosmic rays must generally first be reflected by solar magnetic fields to produce outgoing gamma rays, theoretical models have yet to reproduce the observed spectra. We introduce a simplified model of the solar magnetic fields that captures the main elements relevant to gamma-ray production. These are a flux tube, representing the network elements, and a flux sheet, representing the intergranule sheets. Both the tube and sheet have a horizontal size of order $100~{\rm km}$ and serve as sites where cosmic rays are reflected and gamma rays are produced. While our simplified double-structure model does not capture all the complexities of the solar-surface magnetic fields, such as Alfvén turbulence from wave interactions or magnetic fluctuations from convection motions, it improves on previous models by reasonably producing both the hard spectrum seen by Fermi-LAT at $\text{1--200}~{\rm GeV}$ and the considerably softer spectrum seen by HAWC at near $10^3~{\rm GeV}$. We show that lower-energy ($\lesssim 10~{\rm GeV}$) gamma rays are primarily produced in the network elements and higher-energy ($\gtrsim {\rm few} \times 10~{\rm GeV}$) gamma rays in the intergranule sheets. Notably, the spectrum softening observed by HAWC results from the limited effectiveness of capturing and reflecting $\sim 10^4~{\rm GeV}$ cosmic rays by the finite-sized intergranule sheets. Our study is important for understanding cosmic-ray transport in the solar atmosphere and will lead to insights about small-scale magnetic fields at the photosphere.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures; Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 2: of Prevention of cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women from developing countries through cervical cancer screening: a systematic review
Creators: name: Witness Mapanga
name: Girdler-Brown, Brendan
name: Shingairai Feresu
name: Tsungai Chipato
name: Singh, Elvira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: List of excluded studies. This file contains a list of the studies that were excluded at the full-text reading stage during the screening process. (PDF 43 kb)
Additional file 1 of Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of a short form of the family health scale
Creators: name: Wang, Fei
name: Wu, Yunchou
name: Sun, Xiaonan
name: Wang, Dong
name: Ming, Wai-Kit
name: Sun, Xinying
name: Wu, Yibo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
The Galaxy Cluster Luminosity-Temperature Relationship and Iron Abundances - A Measure of Formation History ?
Creators: name: Scharf, C. A.
name: Mushotzky, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both the X-ray luminosity-temperature (L-T) relationship and the iron abundance distribution of galaxy clusters show intrinsic dispersion. Using a large set of galaxy clusters with measured iron abundances we find a correlation between abundance and the relative deviation of a cluster from the mean L-T relationship. We argue that these observations can be explained by taking into account the range of cluster formation epochs expected within a hierarchical universe. The known relationship of cooling flow mass deposition rate to luminosity and temperature is also consistent with this explanation. From the observed cluster population we estimate that the oldest clusters formed at z>~2. We propose that the iron abundance of a galaxy cluster can provide a parameterization of its age and dynamical history.
description: 13 pages Latex, 2 figures, postscript. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Excess in the High Frequency Radio Background: Insights from Planck
Creators: name: Murphy, Eric J.
name: Chary, Ranga-Ram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct a stacking analysis using 1.4 GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) detections and Planck all-sky maps to estimate the differential source counts down to the few 100 $μ$Jy level at 30, 44, 70 and 100 GHz. Consequently, we are able to measure the integrated extragalactic background light from discrete sources at these frequencies. By integrating down to a 1.4 GHz flux density of $\approx$2$ μ$Jy, we measure integrated, extragalactic brightness temperatures from discrete sources of $105.63\pm10.56 $mK, $21.76\pm3.09 μ$K, $8.80\pm0.95 μ$K, $2.59\pm0.27 μ$K, and $1.15\pm0.10 μ$k at 1.4, 30, 44, 70, and 100 GHz, respectively. Our measurement at 1.4 GHz is slightly larger than previous measurements, most likely due to using NVSS data compared to older interferometric data in the literature, but still remains a factor of $\approx$4.5 below that required to account for the excess extragalactic sky brightness measured at 1.4 GHz by ARCADE 2. The fit to ARCADE 2 total extragalactic sky brightness measurements is also a factor of $\approx$8.6, 6.6, 6.2, and 4.9 times brighter than what we estimate from discrete sources at 30, 44, 70 and 100 GHz, respectively. The extragalactic sky spectrum (i.e., $T_{\rm b} \propto ν^β$) from discrete sources appears to flatten with increasing frequency, having a spectral index of $β=-2.82\pm0.06$ between 1.4 and 30 GHz and $β=-2.39\pm0.12$ between 30 and 100 GHz. We believe that the spectral flattening most likely arises from a combination of Gigahertz-peaked sources and the spectral hardening of radio-detected sources at higher frequencies, particularly at faint flux densities. However, the precise origin of a hard component of energetic electrons responsible for the emission remains unclear.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Analytic coupling and Sudakov effects in exclusive processes: pion and $γ^{*}γ\toπ^{0}$ form factors
Creators: name: Stefanis, N. G.
name: Schroers, W.
name: Kim, H. -Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop and discuss in technical detail an infrared-finite factorization and optimized renormalization scheme for calculating exclusive processes, which enables the inclusion of transverse degrees of freedom without entailing suppression of calculated observables, like form factors. This is achieved by employing an analytic, i.e., infrared stable, running strong coupling $α_{\rm s}(Q^{2})$ which removes the Landau singularity at $Q^{2}=Λ_{\rm QCD}^{2}$ by a minimum power-behaved correction. The ensuing contributions to the cusp anomalous dimension - related to the Sudakov form factor - and to the quark anomalous dimension - which controls evolution - lead to an enhancement at high $Q^{2}$ of the hard part of exclusive amplitudes, calculated in perturbative QCD, while simultaneously improving its scaling behavior. The phenomenological implications of this framework are analyzed by applying it to the pion's electromagnetic form factor, including the NLO contribution to the hard-scattering amplitude, and also to the pion-photon transition at LO. For the pion wave function, an improved ansatz of the Brodsky-Huang-Lepage type is employed, which includes an effective (constituent-like) quark mass, $m_{\rm q}=0.33$ GeV. Predictions for both form factors are presented and compared to the experimental data, applying Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie commensurate scale setting. We find that the perturbative hart part prevails at momentum transfers above about 20 GeV ${}^{2}$, while at lower $Q^{2}$-values the pion form factor is dominated by Feynman-type contributions. The theoretical prediction for the $γ^{*}γ\to π^{0}$ form factor indicates that the true pion distribution amplitude may be somewhat broader than the asymptotic one.
description: 41 pages in RevTeX; 10 figures (2 added) as PS files; Table 1 slightly changed; expanded discussion of BHL ansatz; misprints corrected; some clarifications and references added; results unchanged. Matches version to appear in Eur.Phys.J.C
Gravity.jl: fast and accurate gravitational lens modeling in Julia
Creators: name: Lombardi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Gravity.jl, a new software for the modeling of gravitational lens systems. Gravity.jl is written in the Julia programming language, and is designed to be fast, accurate, and flexible. It can be used to model gravitational lens systems composed of multiple lensing planes, and to perform Bayesian inference on the lens model parameters. In this paper we present the theoretical and statistical ideas behind the code, and we describe its main features. In this first paper of the series, we focus on the modeling of point-like and small extended sources, for which we can linearize the lens equation. We show a practical use of Gravity.jl on a galaxy-scale lens, and we compare the results with those obtained with other codes. We also show how Gravity.jl can be used to perform Bayesian inference on cosmological parameters.
description: 17 pages, A&A in press
Salt Lines: Markers of Climate Change
Creators: name: McSherry, Laurel
name: Steiner, Frederick
Publisher: name: Ri-Vista
Year: 2019

description: A critical side-effect of climate change and the connected sea level rise is the migrating, in rivers that flow to the sea, of the salt line, namely the area where fresh water becomes salty. The movement of the salt line up the rivers can affect the supply of fresh water, with deep impacts on communities and economic activities, as well as animal and vegetal species. The article discusses the possible and still not entirely known effects of the salt line movement in three cases — the Hudson and the Delaware rivers in North America, and the Clyde river in Europe — and wonders how salt lines could be represented, that is part of the larger challenge of understanding and visualizing the climate change phenomenon.
description: Ri-Vista, Vol 17 No 1 (2019): In the Change. Progettiamo con il cambiamento
Quark structure of the pion and pion form factor
Creators: name: Anisovich, V.
name: Melikhov, D.
name: Nikonov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the pion structure in the region of low and moderately high momentum transfers: at low $Q^2$, the pion is treated as a composite system of constituent quarks; at moderately high momentum transfers, $Q^2=10\div25\;GeV^2$, the pion \ff is calculated within perturbative QCD taking into account one--gluon hard exchange. Using the data on pion \ff at $Q^2<3\;GeV^2$ and pion axial--vector decay constant, we reconstruct the pion \wf in the soft and intermediate regions. This very wave function combined with one--gluon hard scattering amplitude allows a calculation of the pion \ff in the hard region $Q^2=10\div25\;GeV^2$. A specific feature of the reconstructed pion \wf is a quasi--zone character of the $q\bar q$--excitations. On the basis of the obtained pion \wf and the data on deep inelastic scattering off the pion, the valence quark distribution in a constituent quark is determined.
description: 22 pages, latex, 14 figures
A Type $I$ Approximation of the Crossed Product
Creators: name: Soni, Ronak M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I show that an analog of the crossed product construction that takes type $III_{1}$ algebras to type $II$ algebras exists also in the type $I$ case. This is particularly natural when the local algebra is a non-trivial direct sum of type $I$ factors. Concretely, I rewrite the usual type $I$ trace in a different way and renormalise it. This new renormalised trace stays well-defined even when each factor is taken to be type $III$. I am able to recover both type $II_{\infty}$ as well as type $II_{1}$ algebras by imposing different constraints on the central operator in the code. An example of this structure appears in holographic quantum error-correcting codes; the central operator is then the area operator.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Change isn’t always good
Creators: name: Grove, Michael
Publisher: name: Ri-Vista
Year: 2019

description: Anthropogenic climate change is one of the most existential threats humanity has faced. Its eventual outcomes, if we do not intervene now, will be catastrophic. Landscape architects are in a unique position to become some of the most influential voices in identifying solutions. There is no silver bullet that will solve the crisis. Multiple strategies require a systems-thinking approach on a variety of fronts and at a diversity of scales. Designing a more resilient future must span the spectrum of ecological, economic, and community-based approaches to tackle big topics like regaining the planet’s biodiversity, rethinking the impacts of our current agricultural practices, and engaging political leaders and ordinary citizens to support strategic investments that will reduce risk.
description: Ri-Vista, Vol 17 No 1 (2019): In the Change. Progettiamo con il cambiamento
Additional file 1 of Development of a DNA-based real-time PCR assay for the quantification of Colletotrichum camelliae growth in tea (Camellia sinensis)
Creators: name: He, Shengnan
name: Chen, Huchen
name: Wei, Yi
name: An, Tai
name: Liu, Shouan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Geographical distribution of tea pathogens used in this research.
Il paesaggio che viene
Creators: name: Celestini, Gianni
Publisher: name: Ri-Vista
Year: 2019

description: Human activity produces effects all over the planet: environmental, economic and identity crises are interconnected. Even if their size is global, they are perceived and suffered at local level. The Anthropocene is the period in which humanity acquires the power to modify the natural processes of the earth in a similar way to those of a geological force. Philosophers and anthropologists have argued that this condition leads to the overcoming of the traditional and dualistic Western conception of nature as something independent. New challenges are involved in the landscape project, we need new concepts of nature and culture. In this research the landscape project can be proposed as a relation field between ecology and human vision in order to set up a new relationship, a new brotherhood between artistic and scientific knowledge. By working on updating the interpretative and operational categories of the landscape project, it is possible to develop a search for new possible statutes between natural and artificial.
description: Ri-Vista, Vol 17 No 1 (2019): In the Change. Progettiamo con il cambiamento
Non-Equilibrium Steady States and Transport in the Classical Lattice $ϕ^4$ Theory
Creators: name: Aoki, Kenichiro
name: Kusnezov, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the classical non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of scalar field theory on the lattice. Steady states are analyzed near and far from equilibrium. The bulk thermal conductivity is computed, including its temperature dependence. We examine the validity of linear response predictions, as well as properties of the non-equilibrium steady state. We find that the linear response theory applies to visibly curved temperature profiles as long as the thermal gradients are not too strong. We also examine the transition from local equilibrium to local non-equilibrium.
description: 7pp, 4 figs
Crisi climatica e crisi della cultura. Leggendo Amitav Ghosh, La Grande Cecità
Creators: name: Valentini, Antonella
Publisher: name: Ri-Vista
Year: 2019

description: As nowadays climate change is becoming a central topic of discussion, not only in the university with many publications, researches, conferences, but also in the daily and private life of each of us — because we directly experience that something is changing and because of the many initiatives to raise public awareness that involve the entire planet — some voices are rising. Like that of Amitav Ghosh, who wants to shake up the collective consciences in recognizing the responsibility of the cultural matrix of the ongoing transformation. The analysis is sharp, identifying the political and cultural responsibilities that even writers cannot shirk from, also providing a critical reading of the Paris Agreement on climate change of 2015. This short text intends to accompany the reader through the words and thoughts of the Indian writer.
description: Ri-Vista, Vol 17 No 1 (2019): In the Change. Progettiamo con il cambiamento
Test of Gauge Covariance of Fermion-Photon Vertex in Quenched, Massless Three Dimensional Quantum Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Tjiang, Paulus C.
name: Burden, Conrad J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gauge covariance of the fermion-photon vertex in quenched, massless 3-dimensional quantum electrodynamics. A class of vertex Ansätze obtained by generalizing that proposed by Dong et al. is tested using the invariance of the photon polarization scalar under the Landau-Khalatnikov transformation.
description: 6 pages, 1 PostScript figure in .eps format, uses epsfig.sty
Additional file 16: of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008305 (circPTK2) inhibits TGF-Î˛-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by controlling TIF1Îł in non-small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Wang, Longqiang
name: Tong, Xin
name: Zhou, Zhengyu
name: Wang, Shengjie
name: Lei, Zhe
name: Zhang, Tianze
name: Liu, Zeyi
name: Zeng, Yuanyuan
name: Li, Chang
name: Zhao, Jun
name: Su, Zhiyue
name: Zhang, Cuijuan
name: Liu, Xia
name: Xu, Guangquan
name: Zhang, Hong-Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Table S5. Primers for qRT-PCR analysis. (DOC 31 kb)
Additional file 7: of Construction of a high-density genetic map: genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to map purple seed coat color (Psc) in hulless barley
Creators: name: Xiaohua Yao
name: Kunlun Wu
name: Youhua Yao
name: Yixiong Bai
name: Jingxiu Ye
name: Dezhao Chi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: The marker information between bin1533 to bin1531of 7H. (DOCX 16 kb)
Long-term GRMHD Simulations of Neutron Star Merger Accretion Disks: Implications for Electromagnetic Counterparts
Creators: name: Fernández, Rodrigo
name: Tchekhovskoy, Alexander
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Foucart, Francois
name: Kasen, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the long-term evolution of black hole accretion disks formed in neutron star mergers. These disks expel matter that contributes to an $r$-process kilonova, and can produce relativistic jets powering short gamma-ray bursts. Here we report the results of a three-dimensional, general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulation of such a disk which is evolved for long enough ($\sim 9$s, or $\sim 6\times 10^5 r_{\rm g}/c$) to achieve completion of mass ejection far from the disk. Our model starts with a poloidal field, and fully resolves the most unstable mode of the magnetorotational instability. We parameterize the dominant microphysics and neutrino cooling effects, and compare with axisymmetric hydrodynamic models with shear viscosity. The GRMHD model ejects mass in two ways: a prompt MHD-mediated outflow and a late-time, thermally-driven wind once the disk becomes advective. The total amount of unbound mass ejected ($0.013M_\odot$, or $\simeq 40\%$ of the initial torus mass) is twice as much as in hydrodynamic models, with higher average velocity ($0.1c$) and a broad electron fraction distribution with a lower average value ($0.16$). Scaling the ejected fractions to a disk mass of $\sim 0.1M_\odot$ can account for the red kilonova from GW170817 but underpredicts the blue component. About $\sim 10^{-3}M_\odot$ of material should undergo neutron freezout and could produce a bright kilonova precursor in the first few hours after the merger. With our idealized initial magnetic field configuration, we obtain a robust jet and sufficient ejecta with Lorentz factor $\sim 1-10$ to (over)produce the non-thermal emission from GW1708107.
description: accepted by MNRAS, reorganized discussion of hydro vs MHD and initial conditions, updated Figs 9 and 12 to illustrate effect of unbinding criterion and low density cut
Transient Evaluation of Non-Markovian Models by Stochastic State Classes and Simulation
Creators: name: Dengler, Gabriel
name: Carnevali, Laura
name: Budde, Carlos E.
name: Vicario, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Non-Markovian models have great expressive power, at the cost of complex analysis of the stochastic process. The method of Stochastic State Classes (SSCs) derives closed-form analytical expressions for the joint Probability Density Functions (PDFs) of the active timers with marginal expolynomial PDF, though being hindered by the number of concurrent non-exponential timers and of discrete events between regenerations. Simulation is an alternative capable of handling the large class of PDFs samplable via inverse transform, which however suffers from rare events. We combine these approaches to analyze time-bounded transient properties of non-Markovian models. We enumerate SSCs near the root of the state-space tree and then rely on simulation to reach the target, affording transient evaluation of models for which the method of SSCs is not viable while reducing computational time and variance of the estimator of transient probabilities with respect to simulation. Promising results are observed in the estimation of rare event probabilities.
Dark energy in light of the early JWST observations: case for a negative cosmological constant?
Creators: name: Adil, Shahnawaz A.
name: Mukhopadhyay, Upala
name: Sen, Anjan A.
name: Vagnozzi, Sunny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered the existence of a surprisingly abundant population of very massive galaxies at extremely high redshift, which are hard to accommodate within the standard $Λ$CDM cosmology. We explore whether the JWST observations may be pointing towards more complex dynamics in the dark energy (DE) sector. Motivated by the ubiquity of anti-de Sitter vacua in string theory, we consider a string-inspired scenario where the DE sector consists of a negative cosmological constant (nCC) and a evolving component with positive energy density on top, whose equation of state is allowed to cross the phantom divide. We show that such a scenario can drastically alter the growth of structure compared to $Λ$CDM, and accommodate the otherwise puzzling JWST observations if the dynamical component evolves from the quintessence-like regime in the past to the phantom regime today: in particular, we demonstrate that the presence of a nCC (which requires a higher density for the evolving component) plays a crucial role in enhancing the predicted cumulative comoving stellar mass density. Our work reinforces the enormous potential held by observations of the abundance of high-$z$ galaxies in probing cosmological models and new fundamental physics, including string-inspired ingredients.
description: 30 pages, 10 sub-figures arranged into 5 figures. v2: additional references added, acknowledgements updated. v3: added two sub-figures (one additional figure) and additional references. Version accepted for publication in JCAP
On the viability of regular black holes
Creators: name: Carballo-Rubio, Raúl
name: Di Filippo, Francesco
name: Liberati, Stefano
name: Pacilio, Costantino
name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evaporation of black holes raises a number of conceptual issues, most of them related to the final stages of evaporation, where the interplay between the central singularity and Hawking radiation cannot be ignored. Regular models of black holes replace the central singularity with a nonsingular spacetime region, in which an effective classical geometric description is available. It has been argued that these models provide an effective, but complete, description of the evaporation of black holes at all times up to their eventual disappearance. However, here we point out that known models fail to be self-consistent: the regular core is exponentially unstable against perturbations with a finite timescale, while the evaporation time is infinite, therefore making the instability impossible to prevent. We also discuss how to overcome these difficulties, highlighting that this can be done only at the price of accepting that these models cannot be fully predictive regarding the final stages of evaporation.
description: 14 pages + refs. 3 figures
Climate is changing: are we changing too?
Creators: name: Ferrini, Francesco
name: Fini, Alessio
Publisher: name: Ri-Vista
Year: 2019

description: Many problems in the urban landscape can be reduced or eliminated by proper plant selection and by maintaining trees healthy so that they can fully provide their benefits. In a climate change scenario possible adaptation measures include changes to establishment practices and tree management, better matching of species to site, both under current and future climates, and the planting of non-native species and provenances in anticipation of climate change. Current opinion is to encourage the planting of local provenances of native species, citing adaptation of provenances to local conditions, and the requirement to maintain biodiversity and a native genetic base. However, local provenances may not be able to adapt to a changing climate, particularly given the rate of change predicted. Sourcing planting stock from regions with a current climate similar to that predicted for the future may provide one option, although care must be taken to ensure that suitable provenances are selected which are not at risk from, for example, spring frost damage as a result of early flushing. In this paper we’ll focused on the technical and practical solutions for the selection of trees that might be the best choice in urban environments for the next future, given differences in urban sites (infrastructures, climate, soils etc), species attributes, management requirements and climate.
description: Ri-Vista, Vol 17 No 1 (2019): In the Change. Progettiamo con il cambiamento
Additional file 1: of Prevention of cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women from developing countries through cervical cancer screening: a systematic review
Creators: name: Witness Mapanga
name: Girdler-Brown, Brendan
name: Shingairai Feresu
name: Tsungai Chipato
name: Singh, Elvira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: PubMed and OvidSP (MEDLINE and Embase) search strategies. This file contains two examples of the search strategies used to search for studies that were included in this literature review. The search strategies are for PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases. (PDF 12 kb)
Spectral Energy Distributions of T Tauri Stars With Passive Circumstellar Disks
Creators: name: Chiang, E. I.
name: Goldreich, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive hydrostatic, radiative equilibrium models for passive disks surrounding T Tauri stars. Each disk is encased by an optically thin layer of superheated dust grains. This layer re-emits directly to space about half the stellar energy it absorbs. The other half is emitted inward and regulates the interior temperature of the disk. The heated disk flares. As a consequence, it absorbs more stellar radiation, especially at large radii, than a flat disk would. The portion of the spectral energy distribution contributed by the disk is fairly flat throughout the thermal infrared. At fixed frequency, the contribution from the surface layer exceeds that from the interior by about a factor 3 and is emitted at more than an order of magnitude greater radius. Spectral features from dust grains in the superheated layer appear in emission if the disk is viewed nearly face-on.
description: 29 LaTeX pages w/ 10 eps. figures, aaspp4.sty, final version with few minor stylistic alterations and 1 content change (section 4.1.1 on GM Aur and non-zero inclination)
Un tasso racconta: tra cambiamenti culturali e cambiamenti climatici
Creators: name: Ghelardini, Luisa
name: Matteucci, Daniele
name: Capretti, Paolo
name: Morelli, Emanuela
Publisher: name: Ri-Vista
Year: 2019

description: A hundred-year-old yew tree (Taxus baccata L.) was felled at the Cascine Park, in Florence, Italy, providing an opportunity for both a dendrochronological study and an insight into the importance of this tree in the culture of gardens from antiquity to current times. Due to its longevity and wood durability and its growth pattern (quick response to environmental change), T. baccata is most suitable for dendrochronological analysis. This study contributed to elucidating the role of T. baccata as a bioindicator and to considering the vulnerability of monumental plants in historical gardens to climate change. These trees play the role of guardians of time in remembering us how much the comprehension of the past is essential for designing the future. Reintroducing plants in historical gardens requires careful evaluation of their symbolic and compositional functions in garden architecture without forgetting that their ecophysiological needs might remain unmet under changed climatic conditions.
description: Ri-Vista, Vol 17 No 1 (2019): In the Change. Progettiamo con il cambiamento
Additional file 2 of Development of a DNA-based real-time PCR assay for the quantification of Colletotrichum camelliae growth in tea (Camellia sinensis)
Creators: name: He, Shengnan
name: Chen, Huchen
name: Wei, Yi
name: An, Tai
name: Liu, Shouan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Amplification results of target genes using DNA inputs from different organisms. M: DL2000 DNA Ladder (2000, 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100 bp); a Amplification results of GAPDH using DNA from Colletotrichum camelliae CCA (1), C. camelliae CCB (2), C. camelliae LS_19 (3), C. camelliae ZJ1A5 (4), C. camelliae ZJ1A8 (5), C. camelliae HB1A4 (6), C. fructicola SX_6 (7), C. siamense E-8–1 (8), C. fioriniae ZJ1A2 (9), Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis HUN1A3 (10), Neopestalotiopsis sp. YN1A5 (11), Magnaporthe oryzae (12) and tea cultivar LJ43 DNA control (13). b Amplification results of ITS using DNA from Colletotrichum camelliae CCA (1), C. camelliae CCB (2), C. camelliae LS_19 (3), C. camelliae ZJ1A5 (4), C. camelliae ZJ1A8 (5), C. camelliae HB1A4 (6), C. fructicola SX_6 (7), C. siamense E-8–1 (8), C. fioriniae ZJ1A2 (9), Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis HUN1A3 (10), Neopestalotiopsis sp. YN1A5 (11), Magnaporthe oryzae (12) and tea cultivar LJ43 DNA control (13).
Monomorium minutum subsp. madecassum Forel, 1892, n. St.
Creators: name: Forel, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown Publisher
Year: 1892
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Monomorium
Monomorium minutum
Monomorium minutum, mayr. race: m. madecassum

description: MONOMORIUM MINUTUM, Mayr. RACE: M. MADECASSUM, n. St.
La forme de Madagascar que j'ai décrite à la page 164 de cet ouvrage mérite de former une race à part du M. minutum. Elle est un peu plus longue (1,7 à 2 mill.) que la forme typique qui n'a que 1,5 à 1,7 mill. Le premier article du pédicule est plus longuement pétiole devant et un peu moins épais que chez la forme typique. Le métanotum est surtout plus allongé et a une face basale plus longue que la face déclive. Chez le M. minutum, c'est au contraire la face de'clive qui est la plus longue. La tête, qui est légèrement concave en arrière chez le M. minutum, i. sp., ne l'est nullement chez le M. madecassum.
Chez le M. madecassum, le deuxième segment abdominal est relativement plus long.
description: Published as part of Forel, A., 1892, Hymenopteres 2 (supplement au 28 fascicule). Les Formicides., pp. 232-280 in Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar. 20., Paris :Unknown Publisher on pages 255-256
Carrollian limit of quadratic gravity
Creators: name: Tadros, Poula
name: Kolář, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Carrollian limit of the (general) quadratic gravity in four dimensions. We find that in order for the Carrollian theory to be a modification of the Carrollian limit of general relativity, the parameters in the action must depend on the speed of light in a specific way. By focusing on the leading and the next-to-leading orders in the Carrollian expansion, we show that there are four such non equivalent Carrollian theories. Imposing conditions to remove tachyons (from the linearized theory), we end up with a classification of Carrollian theories according to the leading-order and next-to-leading-order actions. All modify the Carrollian limit of general relativity with quartic terms of the extrinsic curvature. To the leading order, we show that two theories are equivalent to general relativity, one to $R+R^2$ theory, and one to the general quadratic gravity. To the next-to-leading order, two are equivalent to $R+R^2$ while the other two to the general quadratic gravity. We study the two theories that are equivalent to $R+R^2$ to the leading order and write their magnetic limit actions.
description: Typos corrected, magnetic limit and an additional appendix added
MD tree: a model-diagnostic tree grown on loss landscape
Creators: name: Zhou, Yefan
name: Chen, Jianlong
name: Cao, Qinxue
name: Schürholt, Konstantin
name: Yang, Yaoqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers "model diagnosis", which we formulate as a classification problem. Given a pre-trained neural network (NN), the goal is to predict the source of failure from a set of failure modes (such as a wrong hyperparameter, inadequate model size, and insufficient data) without knowing the training configuration of the pre-trained NN. The conventional diagnosis approach uses training and validation errors to determine whether the model is underfitting or overfitting. However, we show that rich information about NN performance is encoded in the optimization loss landscape, which provides more actionable insights than validation-based measurements. Therefore, we propose a diagnosis method called MD tree based on loss landscape metrics and experimentally demonstrate its advantage over classical validation-based approaches. We verify the effectiveness of MD tree in multiple practical scenarios: (1) use several models trained on one dataset to diagnose a model trained on another dataset, essentially a few-shot dataset transfer problem; (2) use small models (or models trained with small data) to diagnose big models (or models trained with big data), essentially a scale transfer problem. In a dataset transfer task, MD tree achieves an accuracy of 87.7%, outperforming validation-based approaches by 14.88%. Our code is available at https://github.com/YefanZhou/ModelDiagnosis.
description: ICML 2024, first two authors contributed equally
Electroweak penguin amplitudes and constraints on $γ$ in charmless $B\to VP$ decays
Creators: name: Gronau, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroweak penguin (EWP) amplitudes are studied model-independently in $B$ meson decays to charmless final states consisting of a vector meson ($V$) and a pseudoscalar meson ($P$). A set of SU(3) relations is derived between EWP contributions and tree amplitudes, in the approximation of retaining only the dominant EWP operators $Q_9$ and $Q_{10}$ . Two applications are described for constraining the weak phase $γ$, in $B^{\pm}\to ρ^{\pm} K^0$ and $B^{\pm}\to ρ^0 K^{\pm}$ (or $B^{\pm}\to K^{*\pm}π^0$ and $B^{\pm}\to K^{*0}π^{\pm}$), and in $B^0\to K^{*\pm}π^{\mp}$ and $B^{\pm}\toϕK^{\pm}$. Theoretical uncertainties are discussed.
description: 19 pages, additional comments on factorization, to appear in Physical Review D
Photoinduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dehydrogenation: Molecular hydrogen formation in dense PDRs
Creators: name: Castellanos, P.
name: Candian, A.
name: Andrews, H.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical and chemical conditions in photodissociation regions (PDRs) are largely determined by the influence of far ultraviolet radiation. Far-UV photons can efficiently dissociate molecular hydrogen, a process that must be balanced at the HI/H2 interface of the PDR. Given that reactions involving hydrogen atoms in the gas phase are highly inefficient under interstellar conditions, H2 formation models mostly rely on catalytic reactions on the surface of dust grains. Additionally, molecular hydrogen formation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through the Eley-Rideal mechanism has been considered as well, although it has been found to have low efficiency in PDR fronts. In a previous work, we have described the possibility of efficient H2 release from medium to large sized PAHs upon photodissociation, with the exact branching between H-/H2-loss reactions being molecule dependent. Here we investigate the astrophysical relevance of this process, by using a model for the photofragmentation of PAHs under interstellar conditions. We focus on three PAHs cations (coronene, ovalene and circumcoronene), which represent three possibilities in the branching of atomic and molecular hydrogen losses. We find that, for ovalene (H2-loss dominated) the rate coefficient for H2 formation reaches values of the same order as H2 formation in dust grains. This result suggests that this hitherto disregarded mechanism can account, at least partly, for the high level of molecular hydrogen formation in dense PDRs.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A