cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Redshift Evolution and Non-Universal Dispersion of Quasar Luminosity Correlation
Creators: name: Li, Zhuoyang
name: Huang, Lu
name: Wang, Junchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard $Λ$CDM model is recently reported to deviate from the high-redshift Hubble diagram of type Ia supernovae (SNe) and quasars (QSOs) at $\sim4σ$ confidence level. In this work, we combine the PAge approximation (a nearly model-independent parameterization) and a high-quality QSO sample to search for the origins of the deviation. By visualizing the $Λ$CDM model and the marginalized $3σ$ constraints of SNe+QSOs into PAge space, we confirm that the SNe+QSOs constraints in both flat and non-flat PAge cases are in remarkable tension with the standard $Λ$CDM cosmology. Next, we investigate the tension from the perspective of redshift-evolution effects. We find that the QSO correlation coefficient $γ$ calibrated by SNe+low-z QSOs and SNe+high-z QSOs shows $\sim2.7σ$ and $\sim4σ$ tensions in flat and non-flat universes, respectively. The tensions for intrinsic dispersion $δ$ between different data sets are found to be $>4σ$ in both flat and non-flat cases. These results indicate that the QSO luminosity correlation suffers from significant redshift evolution and non-universal intrinsic dispersion. Using a redshift-dependence correlation to build QSO Hubble diagram could lead to biases. Thus, the $\sim4σ$ deviation from the standard $Λ$CDM probably originates from the redshift-evolution effects and non-universal dispersion of the QSO luminosity correlation rather than new physics.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Electromagnetic transitions in near-threshold resonances
Creators: name: Okołowicz, J.
name: Płoszajczak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-threshold collectivization of continuum shell model eigenstates is investigated in $^{20}$O on the example of B(E$λ$) decays of 4$^+$ states in the vicinity of elastic and inelastic neutron threshold. Changes of the electromagnetic transition probabilities as a function of the continuum-coupling strength are explained by the corresponding evolution of the double poles of the scattering matrix.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Invited presentation at the XXXVI Mazurian Lakes Conference on Physics, September 1-7, 2019, Piaski, Poland
On e^+e^- pair production by a focused laser pulse in vacuum
Creators: name: Bulanov, S. S.
name: Narozhny, N. B.
name: Mur, V. D.
name: Popov, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability of electron-positron pair creation by a focused laser pulse is calculated. For description of the focused laser pulse we use a 3-dimensional model of the electromagnetic field which is based on an exact solution of Maxwell equations. There exists two types of focused waves: e- and h-polarized waves with only either electric, or magnetic vector being transverse respectively. It is shown that pair production is possible only in $e$-polarized electromagnetic wave. The dependence of the pair production probability on the intensity of the laser pulse is obtained. It is argued that there exists a natural physical limit for attainable focused laser pulse intensities. This limit is posed by the pulse energy loss due to the effect of pair creation.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; revtex4
Organic compound and particle emissions of additive manufacturing with photopolymer resins and chemical outgassing of manufactured resin products
Creators: name: Väisänen, Antti
name: Alonen, Lauri
name: Ylönen, Sampsa
name: Hyttinen, Marko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Photopolymer resins are applied at an increasing rate in additive manufacturing (AM) industry as vat photopolymerization (VP) and material jetting (MJ) methods gain more popularity. The aim of this study was to measure volatile organic compound (VOC), carbonyl compound, ultrafine particle (UFP), and particulate matter (PM10) air concentrations emitted in 3D printer operations. Individual chemicals were identified when multiple photopolymer resin feedstocks were used in various VP and MJ printers. The size distributions of UFPs, and indoor air parameters were also monitored. Finally, the VOC outgassing of the cured resin materials was determined over 84 days. The data demonstrated that 3D printer operators were exposed to low concentrations of airborne exposure agents as follows: average concentrations of VOCs were between 41 and 87 µg/m3, UFP number levels ranged between 0.19 and 3.62 × 103 number/cm3; however, no impact was detected on air parameters or PM10 concentrations. A majority of the UFPs existed in the 10–45 nm size range. The identified compounds included hazardous species included sensitizing acrylates and carcinogenic formaldehyde. The outgassed products included similar compounds that were encountered during the AM processes, and post-processing solvents. Products heated to 37°C emitted 1.4‒2.9-fold more VOCs than at room temperature. Total emissions were reduced by 84‒96% after 28 days roughly from 3000–14000 to 100–1000 µg/m2/hr. In conclusion, resin printer operators are exposed to low concentrations of hazardous emissions, which might result in adverse health outcomes during prolonged exposure. Manufactured resin products are suggested to be stored for 4 weeks after their production to reduce potential consumer VOC hazards.
Inferring parameters and reconstruction of two-dimensional turbulent flows with physics-informed neural networks
Creators: name: Parfenyev, Vladimir
name: Blumenau, Mark
name: Nikitin, Ilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Obtaining system parameters and reconstructing the full flow state from limited velocity observations using conventional fluid dynamics solvers can be prohibitively expensive. Here we employ machine learning algorithms to overcome the challenge. As an example, we consider a moderately turbulent fluid flow, excited by a stationary force and described by a two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with linear bottom friction. Using dense in time, spatially sparse and probably noisy velocity data, we reconstruct the spatially dense velocity field, infer the pressure and driving force up to a harmonic function and its gradient, respectively, and determine the unknown fluid viscosity and friction coefficient. Both the root-mean-square errors of the reconstructions and their energy spectra are addressed. We study the dependence of these metrics on the degree of sparsity and noise in the velocity measurements. Our approach involves training a physics-informed neural network by minimizing the loss function, which penalizes deviations from the provided data and violations of the governing equations. The suggested technique extracts additional information from velocity measurements, potentially enhancing the capabilities of particle image/tracking velocimetry.
The collaborative school community
Creators: name: Brownrigg, Celia Annesley Fraser
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Educators who teach in a school setting are automatically members of a school community. Individuals may choose how they view themselves in relation to other members and in relation to the school community as a whole. The way community members view themselves directly influences their actions and reactions within the community, which in tum changes the nature and dynamic of the community. This paper examines the use of metaphor as a mediating tool for community membership and interaction. In the Western European tradition, knowledge is often represented as a tree; this paper offers the rhizome as an alternate metaphor structure. An ecological metaphor is highlighted as a constructive and sustainable metaphor and the concept of a school as an information ecology is discussed. This paper further identifies the actions and relationships that are inherent among members of a school as mediated with an ecological metaphor, specifically collaboration. A fictional case study of a collaborative teacher dyad is described and analyzed in order to illustrate the impact of teacher collaboration on the teachers directly involved as well as the community as a whole. The goal of this paper is to identify the elements of a constructive and sustainable community of practice. The choice of a rhizomatic metaphor, united with an openness to collaborative relationships enables the school community to become a true community of practice.
Comprehensive Catalogue of the Overall Best Distances and Properties of 402 Galactic Novae
Creators: name: Schaefer, Bradley E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I derive the overall best distances for all 402 known galactic novae, and I collect their many properties. The centrepiece is the 74 novae with accurate parallaxes from the new Gaia data release. For the needed priors, I have collected 171 distances based on old methods (including expansion parallaxes and extinction distances). Further, I have collected the V-magnitudes at peak and the extinction measures, so as to produce absolute magnitudes at peak and then derive a crude distance as a prior. Further, I have recognized that 41 per cent of the known novae are concentrated in the bulge, with 68 per cent of these <5.4 degrees from the galactic centre, so the 165 bulge novae must have distances of 8000+-750 parsecs. Putting this all together, I have derived distances to all 402 novae, of which 220 have distances to an accuracy of better than 30 per cent. I find that the disc novae have an exponential scale height of 140+-10 pc. The average peak absolute V-magnitude is -7.45, with an RMS scatter of 1.33 mag. These peak luminosities are significantly correlated with the decline rate (t_3 in days) as M_V,peak = -7.6 + 1.5 * Log[t_3 / 30]. The huge scatter about this relation masks the correlation in many smaller datasets, and makes this relation useless for physical models. The bulge novae are indistinguishable from the disc novae in all properties, except that the novae with red giant companion stars have a strong preference for residing in the bulge population.
description: MNRAS in press, 20 pages
Experimental demonstration of photonic crystal waveplates
Creators: name: Solli, D. R.
name: McCormick, C. F.
name: Chiao, R. Y.
name: Hickmann, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed and experimentally tested a microwave half waveplate using the dispersive birefringent properties of a bulk two-dimensional photonic crystal away from its band gap. Our waveplate device exhibited a 200:1 polarization contrast, limited by our experimental resolution. We anticipate that photonic crystal waveplates will have important practical applications in several areas, including integrated photonic circuits.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, published Applied Physics Letters 82, 1036 (2003)
The luminous Type IIN supernova SN 2017hcc: Infrared bright, X-ray and radio faint
Creators: name: Chandra, Poonam
name: Chevalier, Roger A.
name: James, Nicholas J. H.
name: Fox, Ori D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multiwavelength observations of supernova (SN) 2017hcc with the Chandra X-ray telescope and the X-ray telescope onboard Swift (Swift-XRT) in X-ray bands, with the Spitzer and the TripleSpec spectrometer in near-infrared (IR) and mid-IR bands and with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) for radio bands. The X-ray observations cover a period of 29 to 1310 days, with the first X-ray detection on day 727 with the Chandra. The SN was subsequently detected in the VLA radio bands from day 1000 onwards. While the radio data are sparse, synchrotron-self absorption is clearly ruled out as the radio absorption mechanism. The near- and the mid-IR observations showed that late time IR emission dominates the spectral energy distribution. The early properties of \snhcc\ are consistent with shock breakout into a dense mass-loss region, with $\dot M \sim 0.1 M_\odot \rm yr^{-1}$ for a decade. At few 100 days, the mass-loss rate declined to $\sim 0.02 M_\odot \rm yr^{-1}$, as determined from the dominant IR luminosity. In addition, radio data also allowed us to calculate a mass-loss rate at around day 1000, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the mass-loss rate estimates around the bolometric peak. These values indicate that the SN progenitor underwent an enhanced mass-loss event a decade before the explosion. The high ratio of IR to X-ray luminosity is not expected in simple models and is possible evidence for an asymmetric circumstellar region.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Galaxy shapes in Magneticum. I. Connecting stellar and dark matter shapes to dynamical and morphological galaxy properties and the large-scale structure
Creators: name: Valenzuela, Lucas M.
name: Remus, Rhea-Silvia
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Seidel, Benjamin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite being a fundamental property of galaxies that dictates the form of the potential, the 3D shape is intrinsically difficult to determine from observations. The improving quality of triaxial modeling methods in recent years has made it possible to measure these shapes more accurately. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the stellar and dark matter (DM) shapes of galaxies and the connections between them as well as with other galaxy properties. Using the hydrodynamical cosmological simulation Magneticum Box4, we computed the stellar and DM shapes of galaxies at different radii. We determined their morphologies, their projected morphological and kinematic parameters, and their fractions of in-situ formed stars. The DM follows the stellar component in shape and orientation at $3R_{1/2}$, indicating that DM is heavily influenced by the baryonic potential in the inner parts of the halo. The outer DM halo is independent of the inner properties such as morphology, however, and is more closely related to the large-scale anisotropy of the gas inflow. The stellar shapes of galaxies are correlated with morphology: ellipticals feature more spherical and prolate shapes than disk galaxies. Galaxies with more rotational support are flatter, and the stellar shapes are connected to the mass distribution. In particular, more extended elliptical galaxies have larger triaxialities. Finally, the shapes can be used to constrain the in-situ fraction of stars when combined with the stellar mass. The found relations show that shapes depend on the details of the accretion history. The similarities between the inner DM and stellar shapes signal the importance of baryonic matter for DM in galaxies and will help improve dynamical models in the future. At large radii the DM shape is completely decoupled from the central galaxy and is coupled more to the large-scale inflow.
description: 22 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Constraints on Dark Matter from Dynamical Heating of Stars in Ultrafaint Dwarfs. Part 2: Substructure and the Primordial Power Spectrum
Creators: name: Graham, Peter W.
name: Ramani, Harikrishnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a large and growing interest in observations of small-scale structure in dark matter. We propose a new way to probe dark matter structures in the $\sim 10 - 10^8 \, M_\odot$ range. This allows us to constrain the primordial power spectrum over shorter distances scales than possible with direct observations from the CMB. For $k$ in the range $\sim 10 - 1000 \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ our constraints on the power spectrum are orders of magnitude stronger than previous bounds.
 We also set some of the strongest constraints on dark matter isocurvature perturbations. Our method relies on the heating effect such dark matter substructures would have on the distribution of stars in an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy. Many models of inflation produce enhanced power at these short distance scales and can thus be constrained by our observation. Further, many dark matter models such as axion dark matter, self-interacting dark matter and dissipative dark matter, produce dense structures which could be constrained this way.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
COVID-19: Development of a Robust Mathematical Model and Simulation Package with Consideration for Ageing Population and Time Delay for Control Action and Resusceptibility
Creators: name: Ng, Kok Yew
name: Gui, Meei Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The current global health emergency triggered by the pandemic COVID-19 is one of the greatest challenges mankind face in this generation. Computational simulations have played an important role to predict the development of the current pandemic. Such simulations enable early indications on the future projections of the pandemic and is useful to estimate the efficiency of control action in the battle against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The SEIR model is a well-known method used in computational simulations of infectious viral diseases and it has been widely used to model other epidemics such as Ebola, SARS, MERS, and influenza A. This paper presents a modified SEIRS model with additional exit conditions in the form of death rates and resusceptibility, where we can tune the exit conditions in the model to extend prediction on the current projections of the pandemic into three possible outcomes; death, recovery, and recovery with a possibility of resusceptibility. The model also considers specific information such as ageing factor of the population, time delay on the development of the pandemic due to control action measures, as well as resusceptibility with temporal immune response. Owing to huge variations in clinical symptoms exhibited by COVID-19, the proposed model aims to reflect better on the current scenario and case data reported, such that the spread of the disease and the efficiency of the control action taken can be better understood. The model is verified using two case studies for verification and prediction studies, based on the real-world data in South Korea and Northern Ireland, respectively.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, To appear in Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena (2020)
Two new inorganic-organic hybrid compounds: photocatalytic, luminescent property and treatment activity on polycystic ovary syndrome
Creators: name: Shi, Ping-Ping
name: Li, Li-Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Two new mixed-ligand-based compounds, namely [Co(1,3-pde)(4-bpmh)]n (1) and [Zn3(3,3’-bpdc)3(4-bpmh)1.5]n (2) (1,3-H2pde = 1,3-phenylenediacetic acid, 3,3’-H2bpdc = biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 4-bpmh = N,N-bis-pyridin-4-ylmethylene-hydrazine) have been prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The obtained compounds were determined by singe crystalX-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction analyses and thermogravimetric analyses. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of 1 and luminescent property of 2 have also been investigated. This presented research estimate their treatment activity of the polycystic ovary syndrome, also the mechanism was measured as well. Firstly, a relative expression of the estrogen receptor on the ovarian epithelial cells was determined with real time RT-PCR. In addition, the amount of progesterone of the plasma was measured with ELISA detection kit after indicated treatment.
Inelastic x-ray scattering reveals the ergodic to nonergodic transition of salol, a liquid with local order
Creators: name: Comez, L.
name: Fioretto, D.
name: Gapinski, J.
name: Monaco, G.
name: Patkowski, A.
name: Steffen, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the high-frequency dynamics of salol by inelastic x-ray scattering over a wide temperature range between 50 and 450 K, across the glass transition. We find that salol efficiently realizes the mechanism of dynamical arrest described by the mode-coupling theory, as manifested by a cusp singularity in the behaviour of the non-ergodicity parameter and a $Q$ dependence of the critical non-ergodicity parameter that is in phase with the static structure factor. These results confront positively the mode-coupling theory with liquids with local order.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Directed assembly of barium titanate nanopeapods via solvothermal processing with a mixed surfactant system
Creators: name: Blanco, Alexis
name: Webb, Jennifer A.
name: DiMarco, Rebecca R.
name: Wiley, John B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Barium titanate (BaTiO3) peapod nanocomposites were prepared by the controlled capture of nanoparticles (NPs) in scrolling hexaniobate (HNB) nanosheets. BaTiO3 NPs and proton-exchanged potassium hexaniobate were treated solvothermally at 220 °C for 6 h in toluene to produce linear NP chains confined within multiwalled HNB nanoscrolls. This method consistently produced nanopeapods with average filling fractions greater than 70%. The controlled introduction of nanocomponents along with a combination of oleylamine and oleic acid surfactants was critical to the success of these reactions. The ability to form BaTiO3@HNB significantly expands the number of important peapod composites accessible by the controlled NP capture.
Low-density star cluster formation: discovery of a young faint fuzzy on the outskirts of the low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247
Creators: name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Larsen, Søren S.
name: Villaume, Alexa
name: Carlin, Jeffrey L.
name: Janz, Joachim
name: Sand, David J.
name: Strader, Jay
name: Brodie, Jean P.
name: Chakrabarti, Sukanya
name: Cheng, Chloe M.
name: Crnojević, Denija
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Garling, Christopher T.
name: Hargis, Jonathan R.
name: Karunakaran, Ananthan
name: Martín-Navarro, Ignacio
name: Olsen, Knut A. G.
name: Rider, Nicole
name: Salimkumar, Bitha
name: Santhanakrishnan, Vakini
name: Spekkens, Kristine
name: Tang, Yimeng
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
name: Willman, Beth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical globular clusters found in all galaxy types have half-light radii of $r_{\rm h} \sim$ 2-4 pc, which have been tied to formation in the dense cores of giant molecular clouds. Some old star clusters have larger sizes, and it is unclear if these represent a fundamentally different mode of low-density star cluster formation. We report the discovery of a rare, young "faint fuzzy" star cluster, NGC 247-SC1, on the outskirts of the low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247 in the nearby Sculptor group, and measure its radial velocity using Keck spectroscopy. We use Hubble Space Telescope imaging to measure the cluster half-light radius of $r_{\rm h} \simeq 12$ pc and a luminosity of $L_V \simeq 4\times10^5 \mathrm{L}_\odot$. We produce a colour-magnitude diagram of cluster stars and compare to theoretical isochrones, finding an age of $\simeq$ 300 Myr, a metallicity of [$Z$/H] $\sim -0.6$ and an inferred mass of $M_\star \simeq 9\times10^4 \mathrm{M}_\odot$. The narrow width of blue-loop star magnitudes implies an age spread of $\lesssim$ 50 Myr, while no old red-giant branch stars are found, so SC1 is consistent with hosting a single stellar population, modulo several unexplained bright "red straggler" stars. SC1 appears to be surrounded by tidal debris, at the end of a $\sim$ 2 kpc long stellar filament that also hosts two low-mass, low-density clusters of a similar age. We explore a link between the formation of these unusual clusters and an external perturbation of their host galaxy, illuminating a possible channel by which some clusters are born with large sizes.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., in press
MARKET PARTICIPATION INTENSITY EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SMALLHOLDER COWPEA FARMERS: EVIDENCE FROM THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA
Creators: name: KONDO, Ebenezer
name: KONDO, Ebenezer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Farm Management
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: productivity
subject: intensity of market participation
subject: cowpea
subject: endogeneity
subject: Ghana

description: This paper explored the effect of market participation intensity on productivity of smallholder cowpea producers in the Northern Region of Ghana. A cross-sectional primary data of 183 cowpea producers was sampled from three communities in each of four selected districts in the region. The Instrumental Variable (IV) regression model using the 2SLS estimator was employed to estimate the causal effect of intensity of market participation on productivity. The results revealed that market participation intensity, measured as the proportion of output sold is endogenous in the cowpea on-farm productivity model. This finding implies that policy measures that lower transaction costs will significantly boost smallholder cowpea productivity by empowering farmers to intensify their participation in the market. Additionally, policies tailored towards increasing farmers’ farm size, removing barriers in accessing and cultivation of improved varieties of cowpea seed as well as diversification of agricultural production activities should be promoted. Furthermore, opportunities created to enable these farmers upgrade themselves through the formal educational system will in the long run enable them to raise their on-farm cowpea productivity level through the adoption of productivity enhancing technologies.
description: 10.15414/raae.2019.22.01.14-23 https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2019_Kondo.pdf
Universal Time-Entanglement Trade-off in Open Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Pocklington, Andrew
name: Clerk, Aashish A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a surprising connection between pure steady state entanglement and relaxation timescales in an extremely broad class of Markovian open systems, where two (possibly many-body) systems $A$ and $B$ interact locally with a common dissipative environment. This setup also encompases a broad class of adaptive quantum dynamics based on continuous measurement and feedback. As steady state entanglement increases, there is generically an emergent strong symmetry that leads to a dynamical slow down. Using this we can prove rigorous bounds on relaxation times set by steady state entanglement. We also find that this time must necessarily diverge for maximal entanglement. To test our bound, we consider the dynamics of a random ensemble of local Lindbladians that support pure steady states, finding that the bound does an excellent job of predicting how the dissipative gap varies with the amount of entanglement. Our work provides general insights into how dynamics and entanglement are connected in open systems, and has specific relevance to quantum reservoir engineering.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures
The impact of environment on the lives of disk galaxies as revealed by SDSS-IV MaNGA
Creators: name: Zhou, Shuang
name: Merrifield, Michael
name: Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso
name: Brownstein, Joel R.
name: Drory, Niv
name: Yan, Renbin
name: Lane, Richard R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Environment has long been known to have significant impact on the evolution of galaxies, but here we seek to quantify the subtler differences that might be found in disk galaxies, depending on whether they are isolated, the most massive galaxy in a group (centrals), or a lesser member (satellites). The MaNGA survey allows us to define a large mass-matched sample of 574 galaxies with high-quality integrated spectra in each category. Initial examination of their spectral indices indicates significant differences, particularly in low-mass galaxies. Semi-analytic spectral fitting of a full chemical evolution model to these spectra confirms these differences, with low-mass satellites having a shorter period of star formation and chemical enrichment typical of a closed box, while central galaxies have more extended histories, with evidence of on-going gas accretion over their lifetimes. The derived parameters for gas infall timescale and wind strength suggest that low-mass satellite galaxies have their hot halos of gas effectively removed, while central galaxies retain a larger fraction of gas than isolated galaxies due to the deeper group potential well in which they sit. S0 galaxies form a distinct subset within the sample, particularly at higher masses, but do not bias the inferred lower-mass environmental impact significantly. The consistent picture that emerges underlines the wealth of archaeological information that can be extracted from high-quality spectral data using techniques like semi-analytic spectral fitting.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS accepted
Intrinsic 2D Ferromagnetism in V5Se8 Epitaxial Thin Films
Creators: name: Nakano, Masaki
name: Wang, Yue
name: Yoshida, Satoshi
name: Matsuoka, Hideki
name: Majima, Yuki
name: Ikeda, Keisuke
name: Hirata, Yasuyuki
name: Takeda, Yukiharu
name: Wadati, Hiroki
name: Kohama, Yoshimitsu
name: Ohigashi, Yuta
name: Sakano, Masato
name: Ishizaka, Kyoko
name: Iwasa, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discoveries of intrinsic ferromagnetism in atomically-thin van der Waals crystals have opened up a new research field enabling fundamental studies on magnetism at two-dimensional (2D) limit as well as development of magnetic van der Waals heterostructures. To date, a variety of 2D ferromagnetism has been explored mainly by mechanically exfoliating 'originally ferromagnetic (FM)' van der Waals crystals, while bottom-up approach by thin film growth technique has demonstrated emergent 2D ferromagnetism in a variety of 'originally non-FM' van der Waals materials. Here we demonstrate that V5Se8 epitaxial thin films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) exhibit emergent 2D ferromagnetism with intrinsic spin polarization of the V 3d electrons despite that the bulk counterpart is 'originally antiferromagnetic (AFM)'. Moreover, thickness-dependence measurements reveal that this newly-developed 2D ferromagnet could be classified as an itinerant 2D Heisenberg ferromagnet with weak magnetic anisotropy, broadening a lineup of 2D magnets to those potentially beneficial for future spintronics applications.
Microscopic origin of collective exponentially small resistance states
Creators: name: Phillips, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of "zero" (exponentially small) resistance states (ESRS) in high mobility two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) in a static magnetic field B and subjected to strong microwave (MW) radiation has attracted great theoretical interest. These states appear to be associated with a new kind of energy gap $Δ$. Here I show that the energy gap $Δ$ is explained by a microscopic quantum model that involves the Prime Number Theorem, hitherto reserved for only mathematical contexts.
description: 9 pages, submitted to Solid State Communications
OILAVIY KORXONALAR FAOLIYATINI BOSHQARISHNING HUQUQIY ASOSLARINI INNOVATSION RIVOJLANTIRISH YO'LLARI
Creators: name: Juraev, N.J.
name: Ashurov, Z.A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada Yangi O‘zbekistonda sharoitida yillarda oilaviy tadbirkorlikni qo‘llab-quvvatlash, hududlarda oilalarni tadbirkorlik faoliyatiga keng jalb qilishga hamda shu asosda aholining bandligi ta’minlanishiga qaratilgan masalalar muhokama etiladi. Shu bilan birga, mahalliy oilaviy korxonalar tadbirkorlik faoliyati subyekti sifatida xususiy sektorni rivojlantirishi, jamiyatning ishlab chiqarish, xizmat ko‘rsatish va ijtimoiy ehtiyojlarini ta’minlash chora-tadbirlari bo‘yicha fikr-mulohazalar qilingan.
Deciphering the resistance mechanism of RET kinase mutant against vandetanib and nintedanib using molecular dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Zheng, Guodong
name: Xu, Shenqian
name: Liu, Wuxia
name: Du, Tingting
name: Zhang, Jingfeng
name: Li, Minyu
name: Cai, Chen
name: Shi, Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The RET protein is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) whose oncogenic mutations or fusions are closely related to human cancers such as thyroid and non-small cell lung cancer. Vandetanib as a clinical-approved protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) exhibits anti-cancer efficacy by blocking the RET ATP-binding site, but drug resistance was observed for the RETG810A mutant. Recent studies have identified another TKI nintedanib as an effective molecule to inhibit vandetanib-resistant RETG810A. However, there is no clear evidence of why nintedanib and vandetanib displayed different inhibitory activities towards RETG810A. Here, we exploited molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to compare the interactions of the RETG810A mutant with nintedanib and vandetanib. A higher structural flexibility of the activation loop was observed in the nintedanib-bound RETG810A, which may result in discrepant autophosphorylation activity in the nintedanib- and vandetanib-bound RET kinase, causing differentiated pharmacological effects of the two compounds. Molecular mechanics/Poisson-Bolzmann surface area method suggested that nintedanib had a higher affinity towards RETG810A over vandetanib, accounting for its better inhibitory effect as an ATP-competitive compound. These results depicted the underlying mechanism for the different inhibitory efficacy of nintedanib and vandetanib on RETG810A from both conformational and energetic aspects. Furthermore, we also found that both compounds maintained the ‘DFG-in, αC-helix-in, and activation loop-open’ conformation of RETG810A, which is the characteristic of the active state. Together, our results provide comprehensive mechanistic insights into nintedanib’s capability in inhibiting vandetanib-resistant RET mutant and enlighten future structural-based optimisation of RET TKIs to overcome drug resistance.
Additional file 2 of Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals TOX as a promoting factor for T cell exhaustion and a predictor for anti-PD-1 responses in human cancer
Creators: name: Kyungsoo Kim
name: Seyeon Park
name: Park, Seong
name: Gamin Kim
name: Park, Su
name: Jae-Won Cho
name: Kim, Da
name: Park, Young
name: Koh, Yoon
name: Kim, Hye
name: Sang-Jun Ha
name: Insuk Lee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2:Table S2. The baseline characteristics of clinical samples subjected to flow cytometric analysis. Table S3. The baseline clinicopathological characteristics of patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy. Table S4. Clinical outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving anti-PD-1 therapy at the Yonsei Cancer Center. Figure S1. Correlation between protein expression levels of transcription factors (TFs) and immune checkpoint (IC) molecules in the tumor-infiltrating (TI) CD8+ T cells in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Figure S2. Distribution of cells from each patient between PDCD1-high and PDCD1-low subsets. Figure S3. Correlation between TOX expression and severity of tumor-infiltrating (TI) CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in various mouse tumors. Figure S4. Correlation between protein expression levels of transcription factors (TFs) and immune checkpoint (IC) molecules in the tumor-infiltrating (TI) CD8+ T-cells in various mouse tumors. Figure S5. Overall survival analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of patients with bladder cancer, head-and-neck cancer, sarcoma, and uterine cancer exhibiting varying TOX expression levels in the tumor-infiltrating T cells. Figure S6. Relative abundance of T cells in patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy. Figure S7. TOX-dependent regulation of the expression of NR4A1 in the tumor-infiltrating (TI) CD8+ T cells in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
FARMERS DECISIONS AND DETERMINANTS OF CROP ROTATIONS WITH LUPIN: THE CASE OF WEST AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: TEFERRA, Beneberu
name: YEHEYIS, Likawent
name: NELSON, Matthew
name: TAYLOR, Jemma
name: MCNAUGHTON, David
name: SERGEANT, Andrew
name: SANDERS, Heather
name: TEFERRA, Beneberu
name: YEHEYIS, Likawent
name: NELSON, Matthew
name: TAYLOR, Jemma
name: MCNAUGHTON, David
name: SERGEANT, Andrew
name: SANDERS, Heather
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Farm Management
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Lupin
subject: Crop rotation
subject: Determinants
subject: Logit
subject: Ethiopia

description: Using lupin as a break crop and for soil fertility improvement is one of the practices to enhance productivity and improve soil fertility in Ethiopian conditions. However, the use of this practice by smallholder farmers is limited. Therefore, the major objective of this study was to empirically examine factors influencing farmers’ decision to allocate land for lupin crop production as a break crop in North Western Amhara Region of Ethiopia. In this study, stratified sampling procedure was used to select 253 sample households from four Districts (137 household who use lupin in their crop rotations and 116 that do not). The required data were collected using interviews with a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing farmers’ decision to allocate land for lupin production as a break crop. The results of the logit regression analysis indicate that family size, total farmland holdings and contacts with extension workers were the most important factors influencing the decision of the farmer to practice crop rotation with lupin. Hence, emphasis should be given to improve the human capital through training and providing extension service to bring farmers’ awareness to practice improved technologies and best indigenous knowledge.
description: 10.15414/raae.2019.22.01.24-31 https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2019_Teferra_et_al-1.pdf
Topological Generalizations of network motifs
Creators: name: Kashtan, N.
name: Itzkovitz, S.
name: Milo, R.
name: Alon, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biological and technological networks contain patterns, termed network motifs, which occur far more often than in randomized networks. Network motifs were suggested to be elementary building blocks that carry out key functions in the network. It is of interest to understand how network motifs combine to form larger structures. To address this, we present a systematic approach to define 'motif generalizations': families of motifs of different sizes that share a common architectural theme. To define motif generalizations, we first define 'roles' in a subgraph according to structural equivalence. For example, the feedforward loop triad, a motif in transcription, neuronal and some electronic networks, has three roles, an input node, an output node and an internal node. The roles are used to define possible generalizations of the motif. The feedforward loop can have three simple generalizations, based on replicating each of the three roles and their connections. We present algorithms for efficiently detecting motif generalizations. We find that the transcription networks of bacteria and yeast display only one of the three generalizations, the multi-output feedforward generalization. In contrast, the neuronal network of \emph{C. elegans} mainly displays the multi-input generalization. Forward-logic electronic circuits display a multi-input, multi-output hybrid. Thus, networks which share a common motif can have very different generalizations of that motif. Using mathematical modelling, we describe the information processing functions of the different motif generalizations in transcription, neuronal and electronic networks.
Structure and growth of titanium buffer layers on Al2O3(0001)
Creators: name: Sondergard, E.
name: Kerjan, O.
name: Barreteau, C.
name: Jupille, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of titanium films on α- Al2O3(0001) surfaces at room temperature was investigated through in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The α-phase of titanium was observed to grow with the Ti(0001) || Al2O3(0001), Ti[1100] || Al2O3[2110] and Ti[1010] || Al2O3[1100] epitaxy. For up to 6 nm thick films, an other structure was found to coexist with α-Ti. Its presence has dramatic consequences for the wetting of silver, which partly explains the nontrivial buffer effect of titanium at the silver/alumina interface. From the RHEED data, the extra structure is assigned to the high-pressure hexagonal ω-Ti phase. This is supported by tight-binding total energy calculations that demonstrate that the ωphase could actually be stabilized by the α- Al2O3(0001) substrate.
A new approach to kinetic energy flux at the different frequencies above the IRIS Bright Points
Creators: name: Sadeghi, Rayhane
name: Tavabi, Ehsan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various bright structures abound in the chromosphere playing an essential role in the dynamics and evolution therein. Tentatively identifying the wave characteristics in the outer solar atmosphere helps to understand this layer better. One of the most significant aspects of these characteristics is the wave phase speed (PS), which is a dominant contribution to solar coronal heating and Energy distribution in the Sun's atmosphere layers. To obtain energy flux (EF), it is necessary to calculate the filling factor (FF) and the PS. In this study, the FF was determined by tracking the size and intensity of the IRIS bright points (BPs). To estimate an accurate PS and EF, it is necessary to know the chromosphere and transition region (TR) thickness and the phase difference between the two desired levels. chromosphere and TR thickness cannot be measured directly on the disc; This study is performed using spectral data and calibrated based on Doppler velocities. As a result, the PSs in AR and CH, as well as for IRIS BPs have been calculated using the cross-power wavelet transform of Doppler velocities. Consequently, about CH, the PS mean values are from 40 to 180 km/s at network and from 30 to 140 km/s at internetwork; And about AR, are from 80 to 540 km/s at network and 70 to 220 km/s at internetwork. Finally, the EF for the IRIS BPs has been calculated in three different frequencies. The results indicate that the network BPs have an influential role in heating the higher layers while in the internetwork BPs, most of the energy returns to the lower layers.
description: 25 pages, 15 figs. Accepted in ApJ
Instantons in Non-Critical strings from the Two-Matrix Model
Creators: name: Kazakov, V.
name: Kostov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the non-perturbative corrections to the free energy of the two-matrix model in terms of its algebraic curve. The eigenvalue instantons are associated with the vanishing cycles of the curve. For the (p,q) critical points our results agree with the geometrical interpretation of the instanton effects recently discovered in the CFT approach. The form of the instanton corrections implies that the linear relation between the FZZT and ZZ disc amplitudes is a general property of the 2D string theory and holds for any classical background. We find that the agreement with the CFT results holds in presence of infinitesimal perturbations by order operators and observe that the ambiguity in the interpretation of the eigenvalue instantons as ZZ-branes (four different choices for the matter and Liouville boundary conditions lead to the same result) is not lifted by the perturbations. We find similar results to the c=1 string theory in presence of tachyon perturbations.
description: References and figures added, improved presentation