cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Technical efficiency of Broiler production in Edo state, Nigeria
Creators: name: Tuedogheye, Gbubemi
name: A. J., Jirgi
name: D. J., Adebayo
name: F. D., Ibrahim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70299 Animal Production not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Animal and dairy science

description: The technical efficiency, determinants of production and sources of inefficiency in broiler production in Edo State was investigated using stochastic frontier production function which incorporates a model for inefficiency effects. Data were generated using questionnaire from a sample of 100 broiler producers from four Local Government Areas where broiler production is predominant using the multi- stage random sampling techniques. The results show that three production factors were significant namely: foundation stock war found to be have positive effect while labour and medication were found to be have negative effect on the production output. Of the broiler farmer specific socio economic variables, level of education, location of farm, age and gender found to be the significant factor accounting for the variation in efficiency among broiler producers. The study recommends policies that will encourage local production, such as strengthening and encouraging the existing extension services in the state and provision of incentives that would encourage more broiler production.
Reply to the comment by Szpak on leading order asymptotics of late-time tails for a self-gravitating massless scalar field
Creators: name: Bizoń, Piotr
name: Chmaj, Tadeusz
name: Rostworowski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We respond to N. Szpak's comment [arXiv:0907.5146v2] on our paper "Late-time tails of a self-gravitating massless scalar field, revisited", Class. Quantum Grav. 26, 175006 (2009). [arXiv:0812.4333]
description: 1 page
Why a Feminist Law Journal? A Call for Parity
Creators: name: Tiven, Rachel B.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: We began at the beginning. The opening talk of the Columbia Journal of Gender and Law’s Spring 2003 symposium “Why a Feminist Law Journal?” detailed the career of Myra Bradwell, legal publisher and icon of American women lawyers. Bradwell famously and unsuccessfully appealed to the United States Supreme Court when Illinois refused to admit her to the bar. Undaunted, she pursued a thriving career as the publisher of the Chicago Legal News, a mainstream law journal in which she championed suffrage and equal rights for women. Richard Chused, in concluding his remarks on Bradwell’s use of her newspaper to espouse her lifelong feminist commitment, challenged the staff of this journal to make our work count: “Though you stand on Myra Bradwell’s shoulders, the purpose of your voice is not as clear as hers.”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 3 (2003)
Dual-material modelling with uniformly distributed embedment elements for wire-arc additive manufacturing
Creators: name: Zhang, Zishun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: A dual-material model has been developed for wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), focusing on strategies to embed secondary material elements uniformly in the surface layers of engineering parts. The embedment should distribute within the top surface layer of a component in a controlled manner, while enabling the fulfilment of specified minimum spacing requirement between any two adjacent elements. To optimize the locations of embedded elements, a new surface sub-sampling algorithm has been developed, for sampling the points that are uniformly distributed according to the specified requirements. The research workflow involves processing of the input 3D model, surface decomposition, a hexagon-based surface sub-sampling, and the generation of the dual-material model. The model is validated first using different prototypical geometries, and then tested using several real engineering parts. Finally, the WAAM toolpath is generated by slicing the dual-material model and converting the resultant 3D printing toolpath into robotic welding path code. Utilizing electric arc as the heat source and metal wire as feedstock, WAAM is a promising metal additive manufacturing technology capable of fabricating large-scale components with high buy-to-fly ratio and with exceptional deposition rate, However, the high heat input associated with the welding process can result in high thermal and residual stresses, leading to cracking of the deposited parts; especially, cracking susceptibility is extremely high while depositing brittle materials. The proposed model can enhance structural integrity and, at the same time, ensure functionality of the additively manufactured parts by embedding brittle elements of suitable sizes into a ductile material matrix.
A general type of twisted anomaly cancellation formulas
Creators: name: Wang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58C20, 57R20, 53C80

description: For even dimensional manifolds, we prove some twisted anomaly cancellation formulas which generalize some well-known cancellation formulas. For odd dimensional manifolds, we obtain some modularly invariant characteristic forms by the Chern-Simons transgression and we also get some twisted anomaly cancellation formulas.
Where Will Women Lawyers Be in 25 Years?
Creators: name: Bivens, Frances E.
name: Guggenheimer, Joan
name: Northup, Nancy
name: Sturm, Susan
name: Thoyer, Judith Reinhardt
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: Barbara Black said in her unbelievably moving remarks that Columbia has opened up its i nstitutional heart to women.2 I thought that was a wonderful expression and, as a relative newcomer to Columbia, I have to agree. What does this mean? It means that women have become part of the cultural fabric of the Columbia Law School. We are not an accent. We are not an accessory. We are woven into the day-to-day fabric of the school. And this means being able both to participate in the old traditions and to reshape them to make some new traditions and then have that create opportunities for both men and women alike. So, in many ways, this panel is about extending that question to the legal profession as a whole. Are we a part of the profession’s institutional heart? How has this changed? How will we be able to open up the possibility of answering that question for the profession as a whole in the same way that we are beginning to answer it here at Columbia? So this is the panel first where we get to take stock of how the problems facing women have changed; second, where the openings are for institutional responses that respond to the problems facing women in the profession at this point; and finally, where we both would like to be and see ourselves in twenty-five years, in other words, where the profession is going.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003)
Highly Ionized Plasma in the Halo of a Luminous Spiral Galaxy Near z=0.225
Creators: name: Narayanan, Anand
name: Savage, Blair D.
name: Wakker, Bart P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analyses of the physical conditions in the z=0.22496 and z=0.22638 multi-phase O VI absorption systems detected in the ultraviolet HST/STIS and FUSE spectra of the quasar H1821+643. Both absorbers are likely associated with the extended halo of a ~2L* Sbc-Sc galaxy situated at a projected distance of ~116 kpc from the sight line. The z=0.22496 absorber is detected in C II, C III, C IV, O III, O VI, Si II, Si III and H I at > 3 sigma significance. The low and intermediate ions in this absorber are consistent with an origin in photoionized gas with [Si/H] and [C/H] of -0.6 dex. In contrast, the broader O VI absorption is likely produced in collisionally ionized plasma under nonequilibrium conditions. The z=0.22638 system has broad-Lya (BLA) and C III absorption offset by v = -53 km/s from O VI. The H I and C III line widths for the BLA imply T = 1.1 x 10^5 K. For non-equilibrium cooling we obtain [C/H] of -1.5 dex and a total hydrogen column of N(H) = 3.2 x 10^{18} cm^-2 in the BLA. The O VI, offset from the BLA with no detected H I or C III, is likely collisionally ionized at T ~ 3 x 10^5 K. From the observed multiphase properties and the proximity to a luminous galaxy, we propose that the z=0.22496 absorber is an extragalactic analog of a highly ionized Galactic HVC, in which the O VI is produced in transition temperature plasma (T ~ 10^5 K) at the interface layers between the warm HVC gas phase and the hot coronal halo of the galaxy. The z=0.22638 O VI - BLA absorber could be tracing a cooling condensing fragment in the nearby galaxy's hot gaseous halo.
description: The Astrophysical Journal accepted
Elapomorphus lemniscutus Jan
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Colubridae
Elapomorphus
Elapomorphus lemniscutus

description: Elapomorphus lemniscutus Jan
Bahia blanca v. H. Claraz. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 679, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Women on the Bench
Creators: name: Brody, Anita Blumstein
name: Ginsburg, Ruth Bader
name: Hall, Priscilla
name: Miller-Lerman, Lindsey
name: Shea, Felice K.
name: Uviller, Rena Katz
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: Good afternoon. My name is Felice Shea, and it is my great pleasure to welcome all of you to the panel entitled Women on the Bench. You will be hearing from a group of very distinguished judges who are sitting on either side of me—all graduates of this great law school. Columbia Law School has always honored its judges, both men and women. But looking back, there was a long stretch of time when Columbia Law School graduates on the bench were all men. When I graduated in 1950 from the law school, there were no Columbia women on the bench. When I was first elected to the bench twenty-five years later, in November of 1974, there were very few already there: Constance Baker Motley, Nanette Dembitz, Joan O’Dwyer, Hortense Gable, and Beatrice Shainswit. Even when joined by women judges from other law schools, we were a lonely little group. As late as 1983, when I went on the state Supreme Court, the Association of Supreme Court Judges held its dinner at a club that did not admit women members. There were too few of us to matter.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003)
Women’s Rights: Reframing the Issues for the Future
Creators: name: Dubler, Ariela
name: Rahman, Anika
name: Rodgers, Kathy
name: Spinak, Jane
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: Good morning and welcome, everyone, to our panel on Women’s Rights: Refraining the Issues for the Future. I am Kathy Rodgers. I’m from the class of 1973 of Columbia Law School, and I’m looking around this room–this is not what room A and B looked like back then! Everybody has a microphone, which is great, because we hope to have some good interactive discussion with all of you this morning. I am also, in addition to being a Columbia Law alum, the president of NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund here in New York. For over thirty-two years, NOW Legal Defense has used the power of the law to define and defend women’s rights. I am particularly pleased to be here today with Columbia Law School alumnae because Columbia women have been a substantial part of our team throughout these thirty-two years as members of our staff, as academic partners, as student interns (including some young men), as part of our volunteer leadership, as pro bono attorneys, and as supporters. So with all of these connections, it really is a matter of personal pride to be back here celebrating the women of Columbia Law School.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003)
Additional file 4 of Profile and determinants of delayed care-seeking and diagnosis among patients with imported malaria: a retrospective study in China, 2014–2021
Creators: name: Zhang, Tao
name: Wang, Duoquan
name: Qian, Yingjun
name: Ruan, Wei
name: Liu, Ying
name: Xia, Jing
name: Yan, Hui
name: Sui, Yuan
name: Lu, Shenning
name: Xu, Xian
name: Jiang, Jingjing
name: Lyu, Xiaofeng
name: Wang, Shuqi
name: Li, Shizhu
name: Li, Weidong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Appendix S4. Diagnostic accuracy at the first medical visit among imported malaria cases in China from 2014 to 2021.
Testing for jumps in a discretely observed process
Creators: name: Aït-Sahalia, Yacine
name: Jacod, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F12, 62M05 (Primary) 60H10, 60J60 (Secondary)

description: We propose a new test to determine whether jumps are present in asset returns or other discretely sampled processes. As the sampling interval tends to 0, our test statistic converges to 1 if there are jumps, and to another deterministic and known value (such as 2) if there are no jumps. The test is valid for all Itô semimartingales, depends neither on the law of the process nor on the coefficients of the equation which it solves, does not require a preliminary estimation of these coefficients, and when there are jumps the test is applicable whether jumps have finite or infinite-activity and for an arbitrary Blumenthal--Getoor index. We finally implement the test on simulations and asset returns data.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS568 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Technical efficiency of Broiler production in Edo state, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 6(1), 91-96
Creators: name: Tuedogheye, Gbubemi
name: A. J., Jirgi
name: D. J., Adebayo
name: F. D., Ibrahim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70299 Animal Production not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Animal and dairy science

description: The technical efficiency, determinants of production and sources of inefficiency in broiler production in Edo State was investigated using stochastic frontier production function which incorporates a model for inefficiency effects. Data were generated using questionnaire from a sample of 100 broiler producers from four Local Government Areas where broiler production is predominant using the multi- stage random sampling techniques. The results show that three production factors were significant namely: foundation stock war found to be have positive effect while labour and medication were found to be have negative effect on the production output. Of the broiler farmer specific socio economic variables, level of education, location of farm, age and gender found to be the significant factor accounting for the variation in efficiency among broiler producers. The study recommends policies that will encourage local production, such as strengthening and encouraging the existing extension services in the state and provision of incentives that would encourage more broiler production.
On Weak Values and Feynman's Blind Alley
Creators: name: Sokolovski, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Feynman famously recommended accepting the basic principles of quantum mechanics without trying to guess the machinery behind the law. One of the corollaries of the Uncertainty Principle is that the knowledge of probability amplitudes does not allow one to make meaningful statements about the past of an unobserved quantum system. A particular type of reasoning, based on weak values, appears to do just that. Has Feynman been proven wrong by the more recent developments? Most likely not.
Barbara Black Lecture Series
Creators: name: Robinson, Mary
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: President of Columbia University, Lee Bollinger, Dean David Leebron of the Law School, fellow women graduates, particularly Barbara Black, faculty and students, ladies and gentlemen, it is indeed a great pleasure to be back at Columbia University and to join you in marking the seventy-fifth anniversary of the admission of women to Columbia Law School. I would like to thank Dean David Leebron for inviting me to take part in this important milestone for the Columbia community, and I would also like to thank Professor Carol Sanger for her kind introductory words. It is a great pleasure and an honor to deliver the Barbara Black Lecture, particularly in the company of Professor Barbara Black herself. Anniversaries allow us to consider where we have been and where we are going. This anniversary gives the Columbia Law School and the wider academic community a chance to reflect on the significant progress made in educating women and preparing them for careers in law and other fields. Equally i mportant, ito ffers us the opportunity to reflect on where challenges remain and how they can be addressed. I am very glad that there will be a question-and-answer session after this because I am going to throw out a challenge at the end, and I am interested to know what your immediate responses will be.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003)
Technical efficiency of Broiler production in Edo state, Nigeria. Journal of agriculture and rural development, 9, 37 – 52
Creators: name: Tuedogheye, Gbubemi
name: A. J., Jirgi
name: D. J., Adebayo
name: F. D., Ibrahim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70299 Animal Production not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Animal and dairy science

description: The technical efficiency, determinants of production and sources of inefficiency in broiler production in Edo State was investigated using stochastic frontier production function which incorporates a model for inefficiency effects. Data were generated using questionnaire from a sample of 100 broiler producers from four Local Government Areas where broiler production is predominant using the multi- stage random sampling techniques. The results show that three production factors were significant namely: foundation stock war found to be have positive effect while labour and medication were found to be have negative effect on the production output. Of the broiler farmer specific socio economic variables, level of education, location of farm, age and gender found to be the significant factor accounting for the variation in efficiency among broiler producers. The study recommends policies that will encourage local production, such as strengthening and encouraging the existing extension services in the state and provision of incentives that would encourage more broiler production.
Progressive Processing of Continuous Range Queries in Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Lee, Jeong-Hoon
name: Whang, Kyu-Young
name: Lim, Hyo-Sang
name: Lee, Byung-Suk
name: Heo, Jun-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study the problem of processing continuous range queries in a hierarchical wireless sensor network. Contrasted with the traditional approach of building networks in a "flat" structure using sensor devices of the same capability, the hierarchical approach deploys devices of higher capability in a higher tier, i.e., a tier closer to the server. While query processing in flat sensor networks has been widely studied, the study on query processing in hierarchical sensor networks has been inadequate. In wireless sensor networks, the main costs that should be considered are the energy for sending data and the storage for storing queries. There is a trade-off between these two costs. Based on this, we first propose a progressive processing method that effectively processes a large number of continuous range queries in hierarchical sensor networks. The proposed method uses the query merging technique proposed by Xiang et al. as the basis and additionally considers the trade-off between the two costs. More specifically, it works toward reducing the storage cost at lower-tier nodes by merging more queries, and toward reducing the energy cost at higher-tier nodes by merging fewer queries (thereby reducing "false alarms"). We then present how to build a hierarchical sensor network that is optimal with respect to the weighted sum of the two costs. It allows for a cost-based systematic control of the trade-off based on the relative importance between the storage and energy in a given network environment and application. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a near-optimal control between the storage and energy and reduces the cost by 0.989~84.995 times compared with the cost achieved using the flat (i.e., non-hierarchical) setup as in the work by Xiang et al.
description: 41 pages, 20 figures
Remarks from the 75th Anniversary Luncheon
Creators: name: Black, Barbara Aronstein
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: Laurie, thank you, as I’ve said to you on a number of occasions. Thank you: the words are totally inadequate, but they are the words I have, so again, thank you. Thank you for what you’ve done for the school, that David elucidated so very well, and thank you for what you’ve done for me, and for being my friend. I will try to make this reasonably brief, though not a s brief as a commencement address I was once asked to give. The invitation stated that I was to speak on any topic of my choice. Anything at all. For five minutes. Reporting this to one of my sons-I can’t remember which one-I said, “They say it has to be no longer than five minutes. What can I possibly say in five minutes that’s worth saying?” To which my son replied, “Did they say it has to be worth saying?”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003)
Introduction to Remarks from the 75th Anniversary of Women at Columbia Law School
Creators: name: Note, Editor's
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: On October 18-19, 2002, Columbia University celebrated the seventy-fifth anniversary of the first class into which, after years of pressure and debate, Columbia Law School finally admitted women. Over the course of the weekend, participants examined women’s fight to gain admittance and the changing experiences of women law students and lawyers since those first few women entered in 1927. In particular, the events highlighted both the addition and acknowledgment of stellar women faculty members and the giant leap in women’s enrollment that occurred in the 1970s culminating in the class entering in 2001, the first class in which women comprised more than fifty percent of the student body. Without minimizing how much work is left to do, the celebration allowed the Columbia Law School community to take a step back and appreciate how far we have come. The anniversary celebration began with a keynote address from the Honorable Mary Robinson, in the Fall 2003 installment of the Barbara Aronstein Black Lecture Series on Women and Law. Robinson served as the first woman president of Ireland from December 1990 through September 1997. Directly following this prestigious post, she served as the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights until September 2002. Since then, she has continued her efforts to expand human rights as the director of the Ethical Globalization Initiative, which works to create a more ethical globalization process by integrating human rights standards and supporting local and national human rights efforts. In her lecture, Robinson described the capacity of women to work for their own human rights, as well as the need for women to share their resources and support each other in these important struggles. Highlighting endeavors such as the Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Robinson noted the efforts that law schools and law students have made to advance women’s human rights, but emphasized the need for such privileged and resourceful institutions to develop more new ways to contribute.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003)
Beyond “Driving While Black” and “Flying While Brown”: Using Intersectionality to Uncover the Gendered Aspects of Racial Profiling
Creators: name: Sharma, Sherri
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: The day after the September 11 th terrorist attacks in New York, two Muslim women in veils were pushing baby strollers in Brooklyn when they were surrounded by a group of angry youths who harassed them with racial epithets. A week later, Sonia Sudan, a South Asian high school student in Boca Raton, Florida, was at a Kinko’s copy shop when she was hauled out of the store by a deputy and held in a squad car until the FBI arrived and released her. Sonia was having cards printed for her boyfriend, who was about to enter the Air Force. She had illustrated them with a pentagram modeled after a piece of his jewelry, and a store employee had called the police, claiming S onia was drawing satanic s ymbols. In addition, during the last week of September 2001, a Muslim Harvard graduate student was verbally and physically assaulted as she exited a subway station in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She was wearing the hijab. Four white men cornered the woman and shouted, “What are you doing here? Go home to your own country!” and then tried to remove her hijab. Since the September 11th terrorist attacks, incidents like these are numerous. Arab Americans, or anyone who resembles one, male or female, are being “profiled.” Yet the primary focus of racial profiling has been on the male members of these communities. This focus is not surprising given the popular and legal understanding o f racial profiling a s a state practice that targets men of color.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003)
Protecting Sex: Sexual Disincentives and Sex-Based Discrimination in Nguyen v INS
Creators: name: Weinrib, Laura
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: Catharine MacKinnon’s famous formulation of the social and political struggle between men and women as a manifestation of men’s sexual subordination of women has informed feminist debate for the past two decades. The fundamental project of radical feminism was to demonstrate that sex discrimination and sexual domination are one and the same. Against this backdrop, recent developments in feminist and queer theory have turned the equivalence of sex and sexuality inside out-a dissociation that has played out prominently in the context of legal scholarship, particularly with respect to rape, pornography, and sexual harassment. This effort to rehabilitate “deviant” sexuality entails rescuing the fight against sex discrimination from the vilification of sex. Whatever one’s feelings on the relationship between sex and sex- based discrimination, they are likely to be reserved for academic debate. The successful application of equal protection doctrine to such sex-laden topics as birth status, contraception, and abortion has had the unfortunate side-effect of submerging judicial discussion of sexual subordination and sexual freedoms in favor of less contentious issues of biological equality and difference. The blanket omission of sexuality from sex discrimination decisions-despite the sustained theoretical frenzy surrounding the issue is striking.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2003)
Countenancing the Oppression of Women: How Liberals Tolerate Religious and Cultural Practices That Discriminate Against Women
Creators: name: Stopler, Gila
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: For centuries, arguments based on religion and culture have been used to justify and perpetuate both sex and race discrimination. In the American South in the nineteenth century, white slave owners justified their right to subjugate the black race based on religious precepts. All major religions in the world have historically supported and justified slavery. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism relied on the Old Testament for the justification of slavery. Most recently, the white minority in South Africa justified its apartheid regime as embodying its divinely ordained supremacy over black Africans. However, notwithstanding the deep religious origins of slavery, these days religion is no longer perceived as a justification for either slavery or for racism in general, and religious and cultural precepts can no longer be used to circumvent criticism and condemnation of racism. While there seems to be widespread agreement that religious and cultural norms can no longer serve as justifications for discrimination of racial, ethnic, or religious groups, religious and cultural norms continue to be the most prevalent and widely-accepted justifications for discrimination on the basis of sex. Though most countries around the world allegedly espouse equality between the sexes, and this notion is incorporated both in international and national laws, simultaneously there is widespread acceptance of the notion that groups have the right to maintain religious and cultural norms that discriminate against women.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2003)
Disputes Over Frozen Preembryos & the “Right Not to Be a Parent”
Creators: name: Pachman, Tracey S.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: In the past few decades, medical science has progressed at a breakneck pace to provide solutions that allow infertile couples to conceive and gestate their own biological children. Not surprisingly, the speed of these medical developments, which have altered the character of human reproduction, has left the U.S. legal system scrambling to create legal standards with respect to individual rights. An excellent example of this phenomenon occurs in the context of in vitro fertilization [hereinafter IVF], where several courts have developed guidelines to resolve frozen preembryo disputes. When these courts apply long-standing legal principles to the unique circumstances of disputes over control of frozen preembryos [hereinafter “preembryo dispute cases”], it may look like jurisprudence as usual. Yet, this line of cases demands intense scrutiny, particularly from feminist scholars. The holdings of the preembryo dispute cases are molding reproductive rights in our legal system to accommodate new understandings of reproduction. Unfortunately, the shape that these rights are taking does not wear well on women. In order to understand how cases involving the reproductive innovation of IVF are directing the course of reproductive rights in the United States and impacting women, it is important to first understand the IVF process and how it generates disputes. This article explores the “right not to be a parent,” the controlling standard by which several courts have decided disputes over frozen preembryos. In Part II, I describe both the IVF process and how courts have responded to disputes that have arisen from it. Part III of this article reveals that the “right not to be a parent” has weak, if any, footing in constitutional and family law. Part IV of this paper demonstrates that although it appears to be gender-neutral, the application of the right not to be a parent in preembryo dispute cases effectively discriminates against women by failing to recognize contributions and rights of women in the lVF procedure. Furthermore, this Part discusses how the arbitrary decision to focus on the future benefits and burdens of parenthood, rather than the past contributions to the couples’ efforts to achieve parenthood, devalues the enormous contributions of women to the lVF procedure and thereby discriminates against women in preembryo disputes. Finally, I propose a new standard that combines freedom to contract with acknowledgment of women’s more significant role in the IVF process, to allow resolution of preembryo dispute cases in a manner that preserves women’s personal and reproductive rights.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2003)
Universal entanglement entropy in 2D conformal quantum critical points
Creators: name: Hsu, Benjamin
name: Mulligan, Michael
name: Fradkin, Eduardo
name: Kim, Eun-Ah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scaling behavior of the entanglement entropy of two dimensional conformal quantum critical systems, i.e. systems with scale invariant wave functions. They include two-dimensional generalized quantum dimer models on bipartite lattices and quantum loop models, as well as the quantum Lifshitz model and related gauge theories. We show that, under quite general conditions, the entanglement entropy of a large and simply connected sub-system of an infinite system with a smooth boundary has a universal finite contribution, as well as scale-invariant terms for special geometries. The universal finite contribution to the entanglement entropy is computable in terms of the properties of the conformal structure of the wave function of these quantum critical systems. The calculation of the universal term reduces to a problem in boundary conformal field theory.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, v2 references updated, minor changes
The Bona Fide Body: Title VII’s Last Bastion of Intentional Sex Discrimination
Creators: name: McGowan, Sharon M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: Under a classic view of antidiscrimination law, employers cannot intentionally discriminate on the basis of sex.’ This guarantee of a workplace free of discrimination arises out of both the Equal Protection Clause2 and, even more directly, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. A closer look, however, reveals that, in some circumstances, Title VII actually permits blatant, explicit sex discrimination. For example, under Title VII, a hospital can categorically exclude men from obstetrics-gynecological (“ob-gyn”) nursing positions. How can this be the case? Despite its general prohibition of employment discrimination on the basis of sex, Title VII carves out an exception for sex-specific hiring practices justified because of a so-called “bona fide occupational qualification,” or “BFOQ.” If an employer can demonstrate that simply being a woman or a man is an essential part of the job, the BFOQ provision immunizes that employer from liability under Title VII. In the years immediately following the passage of Title VII, employers tried to utilize the BFOQ exception to preserve discriminatory policies that made it more difficult for women and men to take non- traditional jobs. Employers would suggest that women were not strong. enough to perform physically intensive work, such as telephone repair. Men, on the other hand, were characterized as not soothing or sexy enough to hold certain service jobs, such as flight attendants. Courts have generally rejected these explanations as merely perpetuating the stereotypes that prevent men and women from breaking out of traditional sex-identified roles.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2003)
One-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks for Detecting Transiting Exoplanets
Creators: name: Álvarez, Santiago Iglesias
name: Alonso, Enrique Díez
name: Sánchez, María Luisa
name: Rodríguez, Javier Rodríguez
name: Lasheras, Fernando Sánchez
name: Juez, Francisco Javier de Cos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The transit method is one of the most relevant exoplanet detection techniques, which consists of detecting periodic eclipses in the light curves of stars. This is not always easy due to the presence of noise in the light curves, which is induced, for example, by the response of a telescope to stellar flux. For this reason, we aimed to develop an artificial neural network model that is able to detect these transits in light curves obtained from different telescopes and surveys. We created artificial light curves with and without transits to try to mimic those expected for the extended mission of the Kepler telescope (K2) in order to train and validate a 1D convolutional neural network model, which was later tested, obtaining an accuracy of 99.02 % and an estimated error (loss function) of 0.03. These results, among others, helped to confirm that the 1D CNN is a good choice for working with non-phased-folded Mandel and Agol light curves with transits. It also reduces the number of light curves that have to be visually inspected to decide if they present transit-like signals and decreases the time needed for analyzing each (with respect to traditional analysis).
Genes, Parents, and Assisted Reproductive Technologies: ARTs, Mistakes, Sex, Race, & Law
Creators: name: Bender, Leslie
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2003

description: A true story: two infertile couples, Donna and Richard Fasano of Staten Island, New York,’ and Deborah Perry-Rogers and Robert Rogers of Teaneck, New Jersey, went to the In Vitro Fertility Center of New York, an in vitro fertilization [hereinafter IVF] clinic in Manhattan, for treatment on the same day in April 1998. Both couples were undergoing IVF procedures that created pre-embryos (“test tube babies”) with hopes of giving birth to their own babies. Due to a clinical error that caused a pre- embryo mix-up that day, Donna Fasano was mistakenly impregnated with as many as six of the Rogerses’ pre-embryos along with at least one of hers and her husband’s pre-embryos’ Deborah Perry-Rogers was also implanted with pre-embryos on April 24, 1998, but all those pre-embryos were hers and her husband’s. Unfortunately, Perry-Rogers’s pre-embryos did not implant in her womb . A few weeks later, on May 28, 1998, after Donna Fasano knew she was pregnant with twins, the clinic notified both couples of the mistake. The Rogerses attempted to learn who had their pre-embryos, but were unable to find out. The Fasanos, on the other hand, did not take any affirmative steps to identify either of their embryos’ genetic parents during Mrs. Fasano’s pregnancy or for several months after the children’s birth. On December 29, 1998, Mrs. Fasano gave birth to two boys, one of whom is European-American like the Fasano couple and the other who is African-American, like the Rogerses. The Fasanos were content to raise both sons, whom they named Vincent and Joseph. However, when the Rogerses learned about the Fasanos’ birth by “luck,” they insisted on having genetic tests done. Those tests revealed that the African-American boy was their genetic child. The Rogerses immediately sued for a declaration of parentage and custody. They also renamed the boy Akeil Richard Rogers. When genetic tests revealed that Joseph/Akeil was the genetic child of the Rogerses, the Fasanos agreed to relinquish custody to the Rogerses, if the Rogerses would execute a written agreement granting them liberal visitation. The agreement, signed on April 29, 1999, gave the Rogerses custody, but contained a carefully delineated visitation schedule and provided for $200,000 in liquidated damages if the Rogerses violated the visitation agreement. Pursuant to that agreement, on May 5, 1999, the Fasanos signed affidavits acknowledging that the Rogerses were Joseph/Akeil’s genetic parents, consenting to the entry of a final order of custody in the Rogerses’ favor, and agreeing to change Joseph/Akeil’s birth certificate. On May 10, 1999, when the baby was four-and-a-half months old, the Fasanos turned the infant over to the Rogerses. The next day the Rogerses complied with the agreement by discontinuing with prejudice the action against the Fasanos (although they retained their action against the IVF clinic).
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2003)
Additional file 1 of Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors as adjuvant treatment for patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Creators: name: Zhao, Ning
name: Wu, Zhuo-peng
name: Yang, Jie
name: Feng, Wei-neng
name: Yang, Sheng-li
name: Luo, Ying
name: Ye, Jun
name: Wang, Fei
name: Zhang, Xiao-wen
name: Xiao, Ye
name: Wu, Ling-ling
name: Gu, Wei-quan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Search Strategy.
Note: The Underage, the “Unborn,” and the Unconstitutional: An Analysis of the Child Custody Protection Act
Creators: name: Liebman, Joanna S.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2002

description: The Child Custody Protection Act (CCPA), 2001 H.R. 476, is currently pending in the House of Representatives. The Act would impose criminal penalties on any non-parent adult who transports a minor across state lines to receive an abortion, if that minor has not satisfied the parental consent or notification laws in her home state. The Bill reads: Except as provided in subsection (B), whoever knowingly transports an individual who has not attained the age of 18 years across a state line, with the intent that such individual obtain an abortion, and thereby in fact abridges the right of a parent under a law requiring parental involvement in a minor’s abortion decision, in force in the state where the individual resides, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Purportedly, this Bill would deter rapists and child molesters from forcing abortions on their kidnapped victims. However, it would have the very real effect of preventing teenagers from seeking help, even from other family members. In fact, proponents of the Bill rejected an amendment that would have excluded grandparents from criminal sanctions. One might take several approaches in assessing the constitutionality of the CCPA; an initial instinct is to challenge the law under the “undue burden” standard articulated by the Supreme Court in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey. Reliance on Casey would be misplaced, however, since the Court in that case specifically found that parental notification or consent laws themselves do not place an undue burden on a minor. If laws requiring a minor to secure parental consent do not constitute an undue burden, it is extremely unlikely that the Court would find the minor’s inability to be taken out of state in circumvention of those laws to compose one either.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 11 No. 2 (2002)
Strategical languages of infinite words
Creators: name: Arfi, Mustapha
name: Lemine, Bedine Ould M.
name: Selmi, Carla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We deal in this paper with strategical languages of infinite words, that is those generated by a nondeterministic strategy in the sense of game theory. We first show the existence of a minimal strategy for such languages, for which we give an explicit expression. Then we characterize the family of strategical languages as that of closed ones, in the topological space of infinite words. Finally, we give a definition of a Nash equilibrium for such languages, that we illustrate with a famous example.
MENNETREY_Supplemental_Tables.docx
Creators: name: ROMANET, Pauline
name: Taieb, David
name: Mennetrey, Clément
name: Odou, Marie-Françoise
name: Giraud, Sophie
name: Odile North, Marie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110311 Medical Genetics (excl. Cancer Genetics)
subject: FOS: Basic medicine
subject: 111203 Cancer Genetics

description: Supplemental Table
Encouraging a Market in Human Milk
Creators: name: Waldeck, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2002

description: Although economics teachers never invoke the metaphor of a lactating breast, it nicely illustrates a natural equilibrium between supply and demand. The more a baby sucks or a mother pumps, the more milk the breast produces. This is why a mother comfortably nurses an infant who doubles and then triples his weight during the first twelve months; it is why a woman can successfully nurse twins and even triplets. It is also the biological foundation for my central premise: that our legal regime should encourage a market in human milk-the superior source of infant nutrition. Ever since medical technology has allowed humans to share blood, organs and other tissue, discussion has raged about the practical and ethical implications of commercializing products of the human body. Breastmilk, however, is rarely mentioned in the course of the debate. This silence is curious, especially since babies have always consumed milk from women other than their biological mothers. Until the advent of infant formula, wet nursing was the only way to save an infant whose mother had died or was unavailable. Even today informal sharing of milk continues, although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends against it. Some mothers nurse another woman’s child when babysitting. More commonly, women pump milk for the child of a friend or relative, typically because the child is adopted and the adoptive mother is not lactating.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 11 No. 2 (2002)
K-essence Explains a Lorentz Violation Experiment
Creators: name: Li, Miao
name: Pang, Yi
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a state of the art experiment shows evidence for Lorentz violation in the gravitational sector. To explain this experiment, we investigate a spontaneous Lorentz violation scenario with a generalized scalar field. We find that when the scalar field is nonminimally coupled to gravity, the Lorentz violation induces a deformation in the Newtonian potential along the direction of Lorentz violation.
description: 8 pages, the final version, discussion and references added