cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Guided Mutation Approach for Testing and Improving Code Embedding Techniques.
Creators: name: Hemmati, Hadi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Source Code Processing
Deep Neural Network
Testing

description: Over the past few years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been continuously expanding their real-world ap- plications for source code processing tasks across the software engineering domain, e.g., clone detection, code search, comment generation. Although quite a few recent works have been per- formed on testing of DNNs in the context of image and speech processing, limited progress has been achieved so far on DNN testing in the context of source code processing, that exhibits rather unique characteristics and challenges. In this paper, we propose a search-based testing framework for DNNs of source code embedding and its downstream processing tasks. To generate new test inputs, we adopt popular source code refractors to generate the semantically equivalent variants. For more effective testing, we leverage the DNN mutation testing to guide the testing direction. To demonstrate the usefulness of our technique, we perform a large-scale evaluation on popular DNNs of source code processing based on multiple state-of-the-art code embedding methods (i.e., Code2Vec, Code2Seq and CodeBert). The testing results show that our generated adversarial samples can on average reduce the performance of these DNNs from 5.41% to 9.58%. Through retraining the DNNs with our gener- ated adversarial samples, the robustness of DNN can improve by 23.05% on average. The evaluation results also show that our adversarial test generation strategy has the least negative impact (median of 3.56%), on the performance of the DNNs for regular test data, compared to the other methods.
Universal scaling law of an origami paper spring
Creators: name: Sun, Bohua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This letter solves an open question of origami paper spring risen by Yoneda et al.(Phys. Rev. E 2019). By using both dimensional analysis and data fitting, a universal scaling law of a paper spring is formulated. The scaling law shows that origami spring force obeys power square law of spring extension, however strong nonlinear to the total twist angle. The study has also successfully generalized the scaling law from the Poisson ratio 0.3 to an arbitrary Poisson's ratio with the help of dimensional analysis.
description: 3 pages, 3 figues and 1 table
AIDS education for college students: An application of the health belief model
Creators: name: Hauck, Emily R.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: The Health Belief Model (HBM) provided the theoretical framework for both assessing the effectiveness of an AIDS education course and predicting safer sex practices among college students. In Study 1, components of the HBM were used to examine potential changes in the AIDS-related attitudes, knowledge, and sexual behaviors of an AIDS education class, both before and after the course, and in comparison with a quasi-control group. These HBM variables included: perceived susceptibility to HIV infection, perceived severity of AIDS, perceived benefits and costs of condom use, general health motivation, and feelings of self-efficacy. Results indicated that members of the AIDS class failed to demonstrate significant changes in AIDS-related attitudes and sexual behaviors, but did improve their level of AIDS-related knowledge. In Study 2, the predictive utility of the HBM was examined in relation to both condom use and abstinence from vaginal intercourse and oral sex. HBM variables were associated with one or more safer sex practices. Implications of the results from both studies are discussed.
Wave-averaged balance: a simple example
Creators: name: Kafiabad, Hossein A.
name: Vanneste, Jacques
name: Young, William R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of inertia-gravity waves, the geostrophic and hydrostatic balance that characterises the slow dynamics of rapidly rotating, strongly stratified flows holds in a time-averaged sense and applies to the Lagrangian-mean velocity and buoyancy. We give an elementary derivation of this wave-averaged balance and illustrate its accuracy in numerical solutions of the three-dimensional Boussinesq equations, using a simple configuration in which vertically planar near-inertial waves interact with a barotropic anticylonic vortex. We further use the conservation of the wave-averaged potential vorticity to predict the change in the barotropic vortex induced by the waves.
AIDS education for college students: An application of the health belief model
Creators: name: Hauck, Emily R.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The Health Belief Model (HBM) provided the theoretical framework for both assessing the effectiveness of an AIDS education course and predicting safer sex practices among college students. In Study 1, components of the HBM were used to examine potential changes in the AIDS-related attitudes, knowledge, and sexual behaviors of an AIDS education class, both before and after the course, and in comparison with a quasi-control group. These HBM variables included: perceived susceptibility to HIV infection, perceived severity of AIDS, perceived benefits and costs of condom use, general health motivation, and feelings of self-efficacy. Results indicated that members of the AIDS class failed to demonstrate significant changes in AIDS-related attitudes and sexual behaviors, but did improve their level of AIDS-related knowledge. In Study 2, the predictive utility of the HBM was examined in relation to both condom use and abstinence from vaginal intercourse and oral sex. HBM variables were associated with one or more safer sex practices. Implications of the results from both studies are discussed.
Anisotropic Diffusion Limited Aggregation
Creators: name: Popescu, M. N.
name: Hentschel, H. G. E.
name: Family, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using stochastic conformal mappings we study the effects of anisotropic perturbations on diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) in two dimensions. The harmonic measure of the growth probability for DLA can be conformally mapped onto a constant measure on a unit circle. Here we map $m$ preferred directions for growth of angular width $σ$ to a distribution on the unit circle which is a periodic function with $m$ peaks in $[-π, π)$ such that the width $σ$ of each peak scales as $σ\sim 1/\sqrt{k}$, where $k$ defines the ``strength'' of anisotropy along any of the $m$ chosen directions. The two parameters $(m,k)$ map out a parameter space of perturbations that allows a continuous transition from DLA (for $m=0$ or $k=0$) to $m$ needle-like fingers as $k \to \infty$. We show that at fixed $m$ the effective fractal dimension of the clusters $D(m,k)$ obtained from mass-radius scaling decreases with increasing $k$ from $D_{DLA} \simeq 1.71$ to a value bounded from below by $D_{min} = 3/2$. Scaling arguments suggest a specific form for the dependence of the fractal dimension $D(m,k)$ on $k$ for large $k$, form which compares favorably with numerical results.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Brane Dynamics, the Polytropic Gas and Conformal Bulk Fields
Creators: name: Neves, Rui
name: Vaz, Cenalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider in the Randall-Sundrum scenario the dynamics of a spherically symmetric 3-brane world when matter fields exist in the bulk. We determine exact 5-dimensional solutions which localize gravity near the brane and describe the dynamics of homogeneous polytropic matter on the brane. We show that these geometries are associated with a well defined conformal class of bulk matter fields. We analyze the effective polytropic dynamics on the brane identifying conditions which define it as singular or as globally regular.
description: 14 pages, latex, no figures. Some corrections introduced to clarify the analysis in the text. Revised version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
A Guided Mutation Approach for Testing and Improving Code Embedding Techniques
Creators: name: Hemmati, Hadi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Source Code Processing
Deep Neural Network
Testing

description: Over the past few years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been continuously expanding their real-world ap- plications for source code processing tasks across the software engineering domain, e.g., clone detection, code search, comment generation. Although quite a few recent works have been per- formed on testing of DNNs in the context of image and speech processing, limited progress has been achieved so far on DNN testing in the context of source code processing, that exhibits rather unique characteristics and challenges. In this paper, we propose a search-based testing framework for DNNs of source code embedding and its downstream processing tasks. To generate new test inputs, we adopt popular source code refractors to generate the semantically equivalent variants. For more effective testing, we leverage the DNN mutation testing to guide the testing direction. To demonstrate the usefulness of our technique, we perform a large-scale evaluation on popular DNNs of source code processing based on multiple state-of-the-art code embedding methods (i.e., Code2Vec, Code2Seq and CodeBert). The testing results show that our generated adversarial samples can on average reduce the performance of these DNNs from 5.41% to 9.58%. Through retraining the DNNs with our gener- ated adversarial samples, the robustness of DNN can improve by 23.05% on average. The evaluation results also show that our adversarial test generation strategy has the least negative impact (median of 3.56%), on the performance of the DNNs for regular test data, compared to the other methods.
Craesus alniastri Nematinae
Creators: name: Liston, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Craesus
Craesus alniastri

description: Craesus alniastri (SCHARFENBERG, 1805) (Nematinae)
Sardinia: SE Prov. Cagliari, Camisa SE 2.5 km, banks of Rio Piseddu (rushes, Ital. alder, eucalyptus, brambles), 1 , 18.- 22.07.1998, leg. F. MENZEL (DEI).
New for Sardinia.
description: Published as part of Liston, Andrew D., 2007, Revision of Stauronematus B, 1953 and additions to the sawfly fauna of Corsica and Sardinia (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), pp. 135-150 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 57 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.57.1.135-150, http://zenodo.org/record/4779238
Art and mathematics: Enhancing achievement through curricular design
Creators: name: Winter, June Frances M.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Glaring deficiencies in the mathematical achievement of American youth, as evidenced by national and international studies, indicate that the demand for mathematically literate persons will continue to exceed the supply unless wide-ranging educational changes are instituted. Educators must develop innovative and creative intervention programs to aid students in growing mathematically. To this end, we explore an alternative approach which would supplement current teaching practices with a curriculum interrelating the studies of mathematics and art. Students in grades five through eight are targeted for the project. Developing the curriculum model, we review interdisciplinary, cultural, and motivational considerations in the first three chapters. Recent research is cited from the fields of physics, education, psychology, sociology, and medicine. These studies lend support to the premise that the teaching of mathematics through art is not only feasible but educationally sound. In chapter four, we investigate some of the many connections between art and mathematics, then focus on the concepts of ratio, proportion, and symmetry. This material can be used by teachers to extend their mathematical understanding and to relate the discipline to the realm of art. Additionally, the chapter can serve as a source of reference material helpful in creating and planning additional student learning experiences. The activities chapter incorporates premises of the Standards (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989) with an interdisciplinary, intercultural, visual and tactile constructivist teaching approach. Both cognitive and affective objectives are included, thus recognizing the importance of developing all facets of a student's capabilities. The goal is to encourage reluctant learners to comprehend the contributions of mathematics to world culture, thus stimulating pupil interest in further mathematical study. Appropriate components are included to enhance student experience with reading and writing in the language of mathematics. Activities facilitate the growth of mathematical communication. Connections among mathematics, other school subjects, culture, and practical applications in everyday life are reinforced.
Efficient quantum computation within a disordered Heisenberg spin-chain
Creators: name: Lee, Chiu Fan
name: Johnson, Neil F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that efficient quantum computation is possible using a disordered Heisenberg spin-chain with `always-on' couplings. Such disorder occurs naturally in nanofabricated systems. Considering a simple chain setup, we show that an arbitrary two-qubit gate can be implemented using just three relaxations of a controlled qubit, which amounts to switching the on-site energy terms at most twenty-one times.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. A
Modelling transmission and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
Creators: name: Chang, Sheryl L.
name: Harding, Nathan
name: Zachreson, Cameron
name: Cliff, Oliver M.
name: Prokopenko, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is a continuing debate on relative benefits of various mitigation and suppression strategies aimed to control the spread of COVID-19. Here we report the results of agent-based modelling using a fine-grained computational simulation of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. This model is calibrated to match key characteristics of COVID-19 transmission. An important calibration outcome is the age-dependent fraction of symptomatic cases, with this fraction for children found to be one-fifth of such fraction for adults. We apply the model to compare several intervention strategies, including restrictions on international air travel, case isolation, home quarantine, social distancing with varying levels of compliance, and school closures. School closures are not found to bring decisive benefits, unless coupled with high level of social distancing compliance. We report several trade-offs, and an important transition across the levels of social distancing compliance, in the range between 70% and 80% levels, with compliance at the 90% level found to control the disease within 13--14 weeks, when coupled with effective case isolation and international travel restrictions.
description: 45 pages, 19 figures
Euura purpureae KOPELKE 1996
Creators: name: Liston, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Euura
Euura purpureae

description: Euura purpureae KOPELKE, 1996 (Nematinae)
Corsica: Plain near Corbi [sic,?= Corti], Bastia & Ajaccio, Corsica, 1 , 05.1907 (DEI).
 Sardinia: Sta. di Villagrande, 9 km NW Lanussei, swept from Salix purpurea, 2 , 19.04.2006, leg. LISTON (DEI).
 New for Corsica and Sardinia. Probably the records by LACOURT (1989) of Euura atraatra (JURINE, 1807) from Marocco, all from Salix purpurea, really refer to E. purpureae.
description: Published as part of Liston, Andrew D., 2007, Revision of Stauronematus B, 1953 and additions to the sawfly fauna of Corsica and Sardinia (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), pp. 135-150 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 57 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.57.1.135-150, http://zenodo.org/record/4779238
Art and mathematics: Enhancing achievement through curricular design
Creators: name: Winter, June Frances M.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy

description: Glaring deficiencies in the mathematical achievement of American youth, as evidenced by national and international studies, indicate that the demand for mathematically literate persons will continue to exceed the supply unless wide-ranging educational changes are instituted. Educators must develop innovative and creative intervention programs to aid students in growing mathematically. To this end, we explore an alternative approach which would supplement current teaching practices with a curriculum interrelating the studies of mathematics and art. Students in grades five through eight are targeted for the project. Developing the curriculum model, we review interdisciplinary, cultural, and motivational considerations in the first three chapters. Recent research is cited from the fields of physics, education, psychology, sociology, and medicine. These studies lend support to the premise that the teaching of mathematics through art is not only feasible but educationally sound. In chapter four, we investigate some of the many connections between art and mathematics, then focus on the concepts of ratio, proportion, and symmetry. This material can be used by teachers to extend their mathematical understanding and to relate the discipline to the realm of art. Additionally, the chapter can serve as a source of reference material helpful in creating and planning additional student learning experiences. The activities chapter incorporates premises of the Standards (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989) with an interdisciplinary, intercultural, visual and tactile constructivist teaching approach. Both cognitive and affective objectives are included, thus recognizing the importance of developing all facets of a student's capabilities. The goal is to encourage reluctant learners to comprehend the contributions of mathematics to world culture, thus stimulating pupil interest in further mathematical study. Appropriate components are included to enhance student experience with reading and writing in the language of mathematics. Activities facilitate the growth of mathematical communication. Connections among mathematics, other school subjects, culture, and practical applications in everyday life are reinforced.
The Association between Psychosocial Factors and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Creators: name: Walker, Margaret
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: colorectal cancer
subject: psychosocial
subject: cytokines
subject: Colorectal Neoplasms
subject: Psychosocial Functioning

description: Background: Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer among both men and women, and progression of CRC has been linked to pro-inflammatory states. Psychological factors, such as loneliness and poor social support, have been associated within creased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a variety cancer cell types. Methods: As part of the Can Support pilot study, participants with newly diagnosed CRC provided blood samples and completed the PROMIS short form survey measures for social isolation, emotional support, companionship, informational support, and instrumental support prior to undergoing surgery. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined via ELISA. Correlation as well as simple and multiple linear regression were used to assess the relationship between the serum cytokine levels and psychosocial factors.Results: From a total of 216 screened patients, complete data were obtained from 39 patients. The average age at diagnosis was 57.9years, and 51.3% were women. Due to protocol deviations, a total of 6 patients had blood drawn while in the OR as opposed to during standard pre-operative office visits. Average IL-6values trended towards significantly differing with respect to draw-time (p < 0.087). None of the five psychosocial variables correlated with normalized values of serum IL-6 or IL-8values. Simple linear regression models were created for each psychosocial and bio-marker pair, and none of the psychosocial variables significantly explained or correlated with either IL-6 or IL-8. Multivariate analysis with relevant covariates was completed for each psychosocial and bio-marker pair. Only instrumental support was identified as an independent predictor of IL-8 serum levels when adjusting for various covariates.Conclusion: There was little to no observed association between various social support measures and serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels, but the results do help to highlight the importance of protocol design, namely blood collection time, which helps to inform future trial design.
Impurity induced topological phase transitions in Cd$_3$As$_2$ and Na$_3$Bi Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Rancati, A.
name: Pournaghavi, N.
name: Islam, M. F.
name: Debernardi, A.
name: Canali, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles density functional theory calculations, combined with a topological analysis, we have investigated the electronic properties of $Cd_3As_2$ and $Na_3Bi$ Dirac topological semimetals doped with non-magnetic and magnetic impurities. Our systematic analysis shows that the selective breaking of the inversion, rotational and time-reversal symmetry, controlled by specific choices of the impurity doping, induces phase transitions from the original Dirac semimetal to a variety of topological phases such as, topological insulator, trivial semimetal, non-magnetic and magnetic Weyl semimetal, and Chern insulator. The Dirac semimetal phase can exist only if the rotational symmetry $C_n$ with $n > 2$ is maintained. One particularly interesting phase emerging in doped $Cd_3As_2$ is a coexisting Dirac-Weyl phase, which occurs when only inversion symmetry is broken while time-reversal symmetry and rotational symmetry are both preserved. To further characterize the low-energy excitations of this phase, we have complemented our density functional results with a continuum four-band $k\cdot p$ model, which indeed displays nodal points of both Dirac and Weyl type. The coexisting phase appears as a transition point between two topologically distinct Dirac phases, but may also survive in a small region of parameter space controlled by external strain.
Additional file 1 of Validity of EQ-5D utility index and minimal clinically important difference estimation among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Eunmi Bae
name: Choi, Sang-Eun
name: Haeyoung Lee
name: Gyeongseon Shin
name: Daewon Kang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: S1. HRQoL median score according to the GOLD severity group.
Meat Consumption Trends and Patterns
Creators: name: Gronbech, Gertrude
name: Lanahan, Thomas J.
name: Burk, Marguerite C.
name: Gronbech, Gertrude
name: Lanahan, Thomas J.
name: Burk, Marguerite C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1960
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: Covered in the five sections of this report are: (1) Description of historical trends in meat consumption and related economic changes; (2) variations in household meat consumption by region, urbanization, and income as revealed by special surveys; (3) analysis of the regional structure of the U.S. market for meat based on household survey data; {4) some information on meat consumption outside private homes; (5) implications for future changes in meat consumption. Tables and appendixes provide data and technical information for further analysis.
Elastic anomalies in HoNi2B2C single crystals
Creators: name: Fil, V. D.
name: Knigavko, A.
name: Zholobenko, A. N.
name: Choi, E. -M.
name: Lee, S. -I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured temperature and magnetic field dependencies of the sound velocities and the sound attenuation in HoNi2B2C single crystals. The main result is a huge softening the velocity of C66 mode due to a cooperative Jahn-Teller effect, resulting in a tetragonal-orthorhombic structural phase transition. Anomalies in the behavior of the C66 mode through various magnetic phase transitions permit us to revise the low temperature H-T phase diagrams of this compound.
description: v2: a discussion of the C44 mode with the comparison to Y borocarbide was added
Nematinus bilineatus Nematinae
Creators: name: Liston, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Nematinus
Nematinus bilineatus

description: Nematinus bilineatus (KLUG, 1819) (Nematinae)
Corsica: Mountains near Vizzavona, 1 , 01.06.1907 - 30.06.1907 (DEI).
Already recorded by TAEGER et al. (2006) for Corsica, based on this specimen.
description: Published as part of Liston, Andrew D., 2007, Revision of Stauronematus B, 1953 and additions to the sawfly fauna of Corsica and Sardinia (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), pp. 135-150 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 57 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.57.1.135-150, http://zenodo.org/record/4779238
Infrared imaging of hot spot upon impact of a crystal
Creators: name: Woody, Diana Lee
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5104
subject: Condensed matter physics

description: During this experiment the reaction of a crystalline solid to the plastic deformation brought about by the stimulus of a shock or impact was studied. It is often assumed that upon impact, the energy from the impact is distributed homogeneously throughout the crystal. This is often not the case. Instead, the energy distribution is localized to specific areas of the crystal. The phenomenon of the heterogeneous distribution manifested as shear bands throughout the impacted solid is the subject of this study. More specifically, the role of the shear banding process in the hot spot formation in an impacted crystal was explored in the course of this experiment. In order to explore the behavior of the crystal upon impact, the crystalline samples were subjected to low velocity impacts provided by a drop weight impact machine. The shear bands were imaged with the use of arrays of fast responding infrared detectors. The detectors monitored the amount of energy given off as infrared photons by the impacted crystalline solid. Previous studies have observed the shear bands after their formation. The main emphasis of this study was the real time observance of the shear band formation during the impact. The signal was recorded over the duration of the impact, heating of the solid and relaxation of the crystal. These processes occurred over a 40 to 100 microsecond timescale. The detectors recorded shear banding occurring on a nanosecond timescale. The data obtained from these experiments rendered insight on the size, occurrence of localization, and initial mechanisms of formation of the hot spots and shear banding for low velocity impacts. These parameters made it possible to resolve an image of the formation of hot spots from shear banding within a crystal during low velocity impacts.
Additional file 3 of Challenges in the cultural adaptation of the German Myeloma Patient Outcome Scale (MyPOS): an outcome measure to support routine symptom assessment in myeloma care
Creators: name: Gerlach, Christina
name: Taylor, Katherine
name: Ferner, Marion
name: Munder, Markus
name: Weber, Martin
name: Ramsenthaler, Christina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: Topic guide for cognitive interviews with patients addressing the patient’s comprehension and layout of MyPOS, suggestions for improvement, its acceptability and clinical utility, and the burden associated with its completion.
Infrared imaging of hot spot upon impact of a crystal
Creators: name: Woody, Diana Lee
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: During this experiment the reaction of a crystalline solid to the plastic deformation brought about by the stimulus of a shock or impact was studied. It is often assumed that upon impact, the energy from the impact is distributed homogeneously throughout the crystal. This is often not the case. Instead, the energy distribution is localized to specific areas of the crystal. The phenomenon of the heterogeneous distribution manifested as shear bands throughout the impacted solid is the subject of this study. More specifically, the role of the shear banding process in the hot spot formation in an impacted crystal was explored in the course of this experiment. In order to explore the behavior of the crystal upon impact, the crystalline samples were subjected to low velocity impacts provided by a drop weight impact machine. The shear bands were imaged with the use of arrays of fast responding infrared detectors. The detectors monitored the amount of energy given off as infrared photons by the impacted crystalline solid. Previous studies have observed the shear bands after their formation. The main emphasis of this study was the real time observance of the shear band formation during the impact. The signal was recorded over the duration of the impact, heating of the solid and relaxation of the crystal. These processes occurred over a 40 to 100 microsecond timescale. The detectors recorded shear banding occurring on a nanosecond timescale. The data obtained from these experiments rendered insight on the size, occurrence of localization, and initial mechanisms of formation of the hot spots and shear banding for low velocity impacts. These parameters made it possible to resolve an image of the formation of hot spots from shear banding within a crystal during low velocity impacts.
Artefact Relation Graphs for Unit Test Reuse Recommendation
Creators: name: White, Robert
name: Krinke, Jens
name: Barr, Earl T.
name: Sarro, Federica
name: Ragkhitwetsagul, Chaiyong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The reuse of artefacts is fundamental to software development and can reduce development cost and time as well as improve the quality of the output. For example, developers often create new tests from existing tests by copying and adapting them. However, reuse opportunities are often missed due to the cost of discovering suitable artefacts to reuse. Development artefacts form groups that have both internal connections between artefacts of the same type, and cross-group connections between artefacts of different types. When a pair of artefact groups are considered, the cross-group connections form a bipartite graph. This paper presents RASHID, an abstract framework to assist artefact reuse by predicting edges in these bipartite graphs. We instantiate RASHID with RELATEST, an approach to assist developers to reuse tests. RELATEST recommends existing tests that are closely related to a new function and can, therefore, be easily adapted to test the new function. Our evaluation finds that RELATEST’s recommendations result in an average 58% reduction in developer effort (measured in tokens), for 75% of functions, resulting in an overall saving of 43% of the effort required to create tests. A user study revealed that, on average, developers needed 10 minutes less to develop a test when given RELATEST recommendations and all developers reported that the recommendations were useful.
The asymptotic behaviour of linear regression M-estimators for censored data
Creators: name: Awartani, Nihaya
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: In a Ph.D. dissertation Hillis (1987) proposes a class of M-estimators for the vector of regression coefficients in the linear regression model with the response variable subject to right censoring. As in M-estimation procedures for uncensored data, this class of estimators is a generalization of maximum likelihood estimators. Hillis also discusses the asymptotic behaviour of the proposed estimators for the special case of the location model. In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the estimators for the more general regression model with random covariates. In particular, we show that under suitable regularity conditions the estimators exist almost surely for sufficiently large sample sizes. We also prove that under suitable assumptions the estimators are consistent and have an asymptotic normal distribution.
title: Estimating planetary heat flow from a shallow subsurface heat flow measurement
Creators: name: Cornwall, Marc Andrew
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2015

description: This study investigates the feasibility of estimating planetary heat flow from a shallow subsurface heat flow measurement with a Function Specification Inversion (FSI) model. Heat flow is a product of the thermal conductivity and gradient at depth; these are measured and therefore contain errors. The model estimates other parameters, as well as the former, while not explicitly accounting for temperature dependent thermal properties. The heat flow is decomposed into steady state basal (planetary) and unsteady state (related to the surface temperature variation) heat flow components. Surface heat flow is typically several orders of magnitude higher than the planetary heat flow; therefore unsteady components in a shallow subsurface heat flow measurement may mask the planetary heat flow. The extent of masking positively correlates with the skin depth and amplitude of the surface heat flow, and negatively correlates with the magnitude of the planetary heat flow. The planetary heat flow is estimated by inverting the temperature measurement and optimising the basal heat flow. The basal heat flow is most effectively optimized from instantaneous measurements, taken when the surface temperature is relatively constant. Long-period measurements, while more accurately optimized, introduce more unsteady temperature gradients, thereby increasing the ill-determinacy and instability of the problem. The model tolerates errors up to 25% in simultaneous optimization of several unknown parameters, with related errors in the optimized basal heat flow. On Mars, the heat flow is optimized to within 10% for measurements over at least twice the skin depth and 0.5 of a Martian year, or at least five times the skin depth and 0.25 of a Martian year. On Mercury, temperature amplitudes control optimized heat flow accuracy; sensor penetration depths well below three skin depths are required. On Vesta, very low heat flows render FSI ineffective with a noise amplitude of 1 mK.
Excess Semiannual Variation in Historic Temperature Records
Creators: name: Song, Yunxiang
name: Lawlor, Kyle B.
name: Witten, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The annual temperature cycle of the earth closely follows the annual cycle of solar flux. At temperate latitudes, both driving and response cycles are well described by a strong annual sinusoidal component and a non-vanishing semiannual component. A new analysis of historical weather station records in the United States determines persistent annual and semiannual variation with high precision. Historical annual temperature ranges are consistent with prior studies. Semiannual temperature cycles were much stronger than expected based on the semiannual solar driving. Instead, these cycles were consistent with multiplicative effects of two annual cycles. Our methods provide a quantitative window into the climate's nonlinear response to solar driving, which is of potential value in testing climate models.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Introduction: Read This! Why Reading About Readers in an Age of Digital Media Makes Sense
Creators: Fuller, Danielle; Rehberg Sedo, DeNel
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2019

Introduction to a special themed section of the journal "Participations: Journal of Audience and Reception Studies" entitled "Readers, Reading and Digital Media." The authors discuss the history and problems of conceptualising readers as audiences and introduce the 14 articles in the themed section which cover examples from an international series of locations of readers engaging with various digital forms, formats and platforms during the first two decades of the twenty-first century.
Study of the energy convergence of the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition applied to the large-eddy simulation of a high-Reynolds-number pressure-driven boundary layer
Creators: name: Bauweraerts, Pieter
name: Meyers, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the energy convergence of the Karhunen-Loève decomposition of the turbulent velocity field in a high-Reynolds-number pressure-driven boundary layer as a function of the number of modes. An energy-optimal Karhunen-Loève (KL) decomposition is obtained from wall-modeled large-eddy simulations at "infinite" Reynolds number. By explicitly using Fourier modes for the horizontal homogeneous directions, we are able to construct a basis of full rank, and we demonstrate that our results have reached statistical convergence. The KL dimension, corresponding to the number of modes per unit volume required to capture 90% of the total turbulent kinetic energy, is found to be $2.4 \times 10^5 |Ω|/H^3$ (with $|Ω|$ the domain volume and $H$ the boundary layer height). This is significantly higher than current estimates, which are mostly based on the method of snapshots. In our analysis, we carefully correct for the effect of subgrid scales on these estimates.
Analogues of Euler and Poisson summation formulae
Creators: name: Rane, Vivek V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Euler--Maclaurin and Poisson analogues of the summations $\sum_{a < n \leq b} χ(n) f(n)$, $\sum_{a < n \leq b} d(n) f(n)$, $\sum_{a < n \leq b} d(n) χ(n) f(n)$ have been obtained in a unified manner, where $(χ(n))$ is a periodic complex sequence; $d(n)$ is the divisor function and $f(x)$ is a sufficiently smooth function on $[a,b]$. We also state a generalised Abel's summation formula, generalised Euler's summation formula and Euler's summation formula in several variables.
description: 9 pages
Nematus myosotidis Nematinae
Creators: name: Liston, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Nematus
Nematus myosotidis

description: Nematus myosotidis (FABRICIUS, 1804) (Nematinae)
Corsica: Plain near Corbi [sic,? = Corti], Bastia & Ajaccio, 1  05.1907 (DEI).
New for Corsica. Head missing, but specimen undoubtedly belongs to this species (as also indicated by an ENSLIN determination label).
description: Published as part of Liston, Andrew D., 2007, Revision of Stauronematus B, 1953 and additions to the sawfly fauna of Corsica and Sardinia (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), pp. 135-150 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 57 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.57.1.135-150, http://zenodo.org/record/4779238
The asymptotic behaviour of linear regression M-estimators for censored data
Creators: name: Awartani, Nihaya
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 4905
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In a Ph.D. dissertation Hillis (1987) proposes a class of M-estimators for the vector of regression coefficients in the linear regression model with the response variable subject to right censoring. As in M-estimation procedures for uncensored data, this class of estimators is a generalization of maximum likelihood estimators. Hillis also discusses the asymptotic behaviour of the proposed estimators for the special case of the location model. In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the estimators for the more general regression model with random covariates. In particular, we show that under suitable regularity conditions the estimators exist almost surely for sufficiently large sample sizes. We also prove that under suitable assumptions the estimators are consistent and have an asymptotic normal distribution.
Automatically Checking Semantic Equivalence between Versions of Large-Scale C Projects
Creators: name: Viktor, Malik
name: Tomas, Vojnar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Motivated by a need of some software projects to ensure semantic stability of some of their core parts, the paper proposes a highly-scalable approach for automatically checking semantic equivalence of different versions of large C projects, with a particular focus on the Linux kernel. The proposed method uses a novel combination of pattern matching with light-weight static analysis and control-flow transformations. Although the method cannot prove equivalence on heavily refactored code, it can compare thousands of functions in minutes while producing a low number of false non-equality verdicts as our experiments show. We implemented our approach in a tool called DiffKemp and we show that DiffKemp , unlike other existing tools, gives practically useful results even on projects of the size of the Linux kernel.
Student reactions to college: A comparative study of samples of Black and White students at a multicampus community college
Creators: name: Harden, Jr., Harry
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Two general research questions were postulated for this study: (1) what are the differences, if any, between the reactions of a sample of 150 Black and a sample of 234 White students enrolled in a multicampus community college with regard to the individual items comprising the local option section and each of the nineteen content areas in the Student Reactions to College (SRC) questionnaire, and (2) as stated in item one, a similar comparative analysis of the data was made between samples of 67 Black male and 83 Black female students and for samples of 96 White male and 138 White female students. The total study population was 384 students, part-time and full-time. The instrument used to elicit study data, the SRC, was administered to students during the fall 1990 semester during a regular English class period. Study results indicated that, overall, there was little to no race by gender effect. When the samples of Black and White students were compared, the chi-square analysis showed significant differences on 153 of 165 items. Black students moreso than White students did not perceive their instructors as being effective in explaining material in a way that was comprehensible to them. Black students were not as academically prepared as White students and believed they entered college without the appropriate study skills. Black students spent less time studying than did White students, and a higher percentage of Black than White students believed that the college was not conducive to their scholarly growth. Black students had less interaction with faculty than did White students and believed the college was not supportive of minority students' needs. Black students expressed a greater financial concern than did White students and were more apt to receive a loan. Study findings seem to warrant the conclusion that Black students' needs were not being adequately met through the experiences they had at the college. A series of strategies are recommended to address the low graduation and transfer rates of Black students.
A Chandra HETGS observation of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 564
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Chiho
name: Leighly, Karen M.
name: Marshall, Herman L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a 50 ks observation of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 564 with the Chandra HETGS. The spectra above 2 keV are modeled by a power-law with a photon-index of 2.56+/-0.06. We confirm the presence of the soft excess below about 1.5 keV. If we fit the excess with blackbody model, the best-fit temperature is 0.124 keV. Ark 564 has been reported to show a peculiar emission line-like feature at 1 keV in various observations using lower resolution detectors, and the Chandra grating spectroscopy rules out an origin of blends of several narrow emission lines. We detect an edge-like feature at 0.712 keV in the source rest frame. The preferred interpretation of this feature is combination of the O VII K-edge and a number of L-absorption lines from slightly ionized iron, which suggests a warm absorber with ionization parameter xi~1 and N_H ~ 10^21 cm^-2. These properties are roughly consistent with those of the UV absorber. We also detect narrow absorption lines of O VII, O VIII, Ne IX, Ne X, and Mg XI at the systemic velocity. From these lines, a second warm absorber having log xi ~ 2 and N_H ~ 10^21 cm^-2 is required.
description: 22 pages, including 5 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ