cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
North American isoprene influence on intercontinental ozone pollution
Creators: name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Levy II, H.
name: Jaffe, D. A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Isoprene
Atmospheric ozone
Atmospheric chemistry
Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on

description: Changing land-use and climate may alter emissions of biogenic isoprene, a key ozone (O3) precursor. Isoprene is also a precursor to peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and thus affects partitioning among oxidized nitrogen (NOy) species, shifting the balance towards PAN, which more efficiently contributes to long-range transport relative to nitric acid (HNO3) which rapidly deposits. With a suite of sensitivity simulations in the MOZART-2 global tropospheric chemistry model, we gauge the relative importance of the intercontinental influence of a 20% increase in North American (NA) isoprene and a 20% decrease in NA anthropogenic emissions (nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and NOx + NMVOC + carbon monoxide + aerosols). The surface O3 response to NA isoprene emissions (ΔO3_ISOP) in surface air over NA is about one third of the response to all NA anthropogenic emissions (ΔO3_ANTH; although with different signs). Over intercontinental distances, ΔO3_ISOP is relatively larger; in summer and fall, ΔO3_ISOP in surface air over Europe and North Africa (EU region) is more than half of ΔO3_ANTH. Future increases in NA isoprene emissions could thus offset decreases in EU surface O3 resulting from controls on NA anthropogenic emissions. Over the EU region, ΔPAN_ISOP at 700 hPa is roughly the same magnitude as ΔPAN_ANTH (oppositely signed). Outside of the continental source region, the percentage changes in PAN are at least twice as large as for surface O3, implying that long-term PAN measurements at high altitude sites may help to detect O3 precursor emission changes. We find that neither the baseline level of isoprene emissions nor the fate of isoprene nitrates contributes to the large diversity in model estimates of the anthropogenic emission influence on intercontinental surface O3 or oxidized nitrogen deposition reported in the recent TF HTAP multi-model studies (TFHTAP, 2007).
Stringent constraints on the H I spin temperature in two z > 3 Damped Lyman-alpha systems from redshifted 21 cm absorption studies
Creators: name: Roy, Nirupam
name: Mathur, Smita
name: Gajjar, Vishal
name: Patra, Narendra Nath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical properties of Damped Lyman-alpha absorbers and their evolution are closely related to galaxy formation and evolution theories, and have important cosmological implications. H I 21 cm absorption study is one useful way of measuring the temperature of these systems. In this work, very strong constraints on the temperature of two Damped Lyman-alpha absorbers at z > 3 are derived from low radio frequency observations. The H I spin temperature is found to be greater than 2000 K for both the absorbers. The high spin temperature of these high-redshift systems is in agreement with the trend found in a compilation of temperatures for other Damped Lyman-alpha absorbers. We also argue that the temperature - metallicity relation, reported earlier in the literature, is unlikely to be a spurious line of sight effect, and that the redshift evolution of the spin temperature does not arises due to a selection effect. All of these are consistent with a redshift evolution of the warm gas fraction in Damped Lyman-alpha systems.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters. The definitive version will be available at http://mnrasl.oxfordjournals.org/
Oil Crops Outlook: September 2022
Creators: name: Ates, Aaron
name: Bukowski, Maria
name: Ates, Aaron
name: Bukowski, Maria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Oil crops
subject: soybeans
subject: canola
subject: rapeseed
subject: rapeseed oil
subject: sunflowerseed
subject: sunflower oil
subject: cottonseed
subject: peanuts
subject: flaxseed
subject: soybean meal
subject: soybean oil
subject: corn oil
subject: palm oil
subject: tallow
subject: biodiesel

description: The Oil Crops Outlook: September 2022 analyzes the major changes and events in the world market for oilseeds and oilseed products.
The character of the Moho and lower crust within Archean cratons and the tectonic implications
Creators: name: Abbott, Dallas Helen
name: Mooney, Walter D.
name: Van Tongeren, Jill A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Seismic waves--Speed
subject: Seismology
subject: Physical geology
subject: Crust of the Earth
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Geophysics
subject: Petrology

description: Undisturbed mid Archean crust (stabilized by 3.0–2.9 Ga) has several characteristics that distinguish it from post Archean crust. Undisturbed mid-Archean crust has a low proportion of internal seismic boundaries (as evidenced by converted phases in seismic receiver functions), lacks high seismic velocities in the lower crust and has a sharp, flat Moho. Most of the seismic data on mid-Archean crust comes from the undisturbed portions of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe (Tokwe segment) cratons. Around 67–74% of younger Archean crust (stabilized by 2.8–2.5 Ga) has a sharp, flat Moho. Much of the crust with a sharp, flat Moho also lacks strong internal seismic boundaries, but there is not a one to one correspondence. In cases where its age is known, basaltic lower crust in Archean terranes is often but not always the result of post Archean underplating. Undisturbed mid-Archean cratons are also characterized by lower crustal thicknesses (Archean median range = 32–39 km vs. post-Archean average = 41 km) and lower crustal seismic velocities. These observations are shown to be distinct from those observed in any modern-day tectonic environment. The data presented here are most consistent with a model in which Archean crust undergoes delamination of dense lithologies at the garnet-in isograd resulting in a flat, sharp Moho reflector and a thinner and more felsic-intermediate crust. We discuss the implications of this model for several outstanding paradoxes of Archean geology.
On regularizing the infrared singularities in QCD NLO splitting functions with the new Principal Value prescription
Creators: name: Gituliar, O.
name: Jadach, S.
name: Kusina, A.
name: Skrzypek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a modified use of the Principal Value prescription for regularizing the infrared singularities in the light-cone axial gauge by applying it to all singularities in the light-cone plus component of integration momentum. The modification is motivated by and applied to the re-calculation of the QCD NLO splitting functions for the purpose of Monte Carlo implementations. The final results agree with the standard PV prescription whereas contributions from separate graphs get simplified.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, updated to match published version
Assessment of the presence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in spinach and its production environment after zinc application
Creators: name: Anedda, E.
name: Madigan, G.
name: Morris, D.
name: Burgess, C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Evaluation of the presence of antimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales in spinach and soil samples in zinc amended environment. OHEJP Project: HME-AMR
Density waves and star formation in grand design spirals
Creators: name: Cedrés, B.
name: Cepa, J.
name: Bongiovanni, Á.
name: Castañeda, H.
name: Sáchez-Portal, M.
name: Tomita, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HII regions in the arms of spiral galaxies are indicators of recent star-forming processes. They may have been caused by the passage of the density wave or simply created by other means near the arms. The study of these regions may give us clues to clarifying the controversy over the existence of a triggering scenario, as proposed in the density wave theory. Using H$α$ direct imaging, we characterize the HII regions from a sample of three grand design galaxies: NGC5457, NGC628 and NGC6946. Broad band images in R and I were used to determine the position of the arms. The HII regions found to be associated with arms were selected for the study. The age and the star formation rate of these HII regions was obtained using measures on the H$α$ line. The distance between the current position of the selected HII regions and the position they would have if they had been created in the centre of the arm is calculated. A parameter, T, which measures whether a region was created in the arm or in the disc, is defined. With the help of the T parameter we determine that the majority of regions were formed some time after the passage of the density wave, with the regions located `behind the arm' (in the direction of the rotation of the galaxy) the zone they should have occupied had they been formed in the centre of the arm. The presence of the large number of regions created after the passage of the arm may be explained by the effect of the density wave, which helps to create the star-forming regions after its passage. There is clear evidence of triggering for NGC5457 and a co-rotation radius is proposed. A more modest triggering seems to exist for NGC628 and non significant evidence of triggering are found for NGC6946.
description: 10 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Tropospheric methane in the tropics – first year from IASI hyperspectral infrared observations
Creators: name: Crevoisier, C.
name: Nobileau, D.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Armante, R.
name: Chedin, A.
name: Scott, N. A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Tropospheric chemistry--Research
Satellite meteorology--Data processing
Atmospheric methane--Measurement
Atmospheric chemistry
Climatic changes

description: Simultaneous observations from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), launched together onboard the European MetOp platform in October 2006, are used to retrieve a mid-to-upper tropospheric content of methane (CH4) in clear-sky conditions, in the tropics, over sea, for the first 16 months of operation of MetOp (July 2007–October 2008). With its high spectral resolution, IASI provides nine channels in the 7.7 μm band highly sensitive to CH4 with reduced sensitivities to other atmospheric variables. These channels, sensitive to both CH4 and temperature, are used in conjunction with AMSU channels, only sensitive to temperature, to decorrelate both signals through a non-linear inference scheme based on neural networks. A key point of this approach is that no use is made of prior information in terms of methane seasonality, trend, or geographical patterns. The precision of the retrieval is estimated to be about 16 ppbv (~0.9%). Features of the retrieved methane space-time distribution include: (1) a strong seasonal cycle of 30 ppbv in the northern tropics with a maximum in January–March and a minimum in July–September, and a flat seasonal cycle in the southern tropics, in agreement with in-situ measurements; (2) a latitudinal decrease of 30 ppbv from 20° N to 20° S, in boreal spring and summer, lower than what is observed at the surface but in excellent agreement with tropospheric aircraft measurements; (3) geographical patterns in good agreement with simulations from the atmospheric transport and chemistry model MOZART-2, but with a higher variability and a higher concentration in boreal winter; (4) signatures of CH4 emissions transported to the middle troposphere such as a large plume of elevated tropospheric methane south of the Asian continent, which might be due to Asian emissions from rice paddies uplifted by deep convection during the monsoon period and then transported towards Indonesia. In addition to bringing a greatly improved view of methane distribution, these results from IASI should provide a means to observe and understand atmospheric transport pathways of methane from the surface to the upper troposphere.
Design, Environmental and Sustainability Constraints of new African Observatories: The example of the Mozambique Radio Astronomy Observatory
Creators: name: Barbosa, Domingos
name: Paulo, Claudio
name: Ribeiro, Valerio A. R. M.
name: Loots, Anita
name: Thondikulam, Venkatasubramani L.
name: Gaylard, Michael
name: van Ardenne, Arnold
name: Colafrancesco, Sergio
name: Bergano, Miguel
name: Amador, Jose Carlos
name: Maia, Rodrigo
name: Melo, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mozambique Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO) will be a first milestone towards development of radioastronomy in Mozambique. Development of MRAO will constitute a preparation step towards participation in the upcoming Africa VLBI Network and the Square Kilometer Array project. The MRAO first antenna is planned to serve as a capacitation and training facility and will be installed after the conversion of a 7-meter telecom dish in South Africa. Therefore, this first radiotelescope design has to comply with local spectral and environmental constraints. Furthermore, power availability and long term sustainability with potential inclusion of solar power and control of Radio Frequency Interference are analyzed. Here we outline some of the design, environmental and power sustainability constraints.
description: 5 pages, 3 Figures; Proceedings of the URSI BEJ Session 'Large Scale Science Projects: Europa-Africa Connects', IEEE Africon 2013 Conference Mauritius (9-12 Sep) 2013, Accepted for Publication at IEEE Xplorer, Nov 2013
Capacity of optical communication in loss and noise with general Gaussian receivers
Creators: name: Takeoka, Masahiro
name: Guha, Saikat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser-light (coherent-state) modulation is sufficient to achieve the ultimate (Holevo) capacity of classical communication over a lossy and noisy optical channel, but requires a receiver that jointly detects long modulated codewords with highly nonlinear quantum operations, which are near-impossible to realize using current technology. We analyze the capacity of the lossy-noisy optical channel when the transmitter uses coherent state modulation but the receiver is restricted to a general quantum-limited Gaussian receiver, i.e., one that may involve arbitrary combinations of Gaussian operations (passive linear optics: beamsplitters and phase-shifters, second order nonlinear optics (or active linear optics): squeezers, along with homodyne or heterodyne detection measurements) and any amount of classical feedforward within the receiver. Under these assumptions, we show that the Gaussian receiver that attains the maximum mutual information is either homodyne detection, heterodyne detection, or time sharing between the two, depending upon the received power level. In other words, our result shows that to exceed the theoretical limit of conventional coherent optical communications, one has to incorporate non-Gaussian, i.e., third or higher-order nonlinear operations in the receiver. Finally we compare our Gaussian receiver limit with experimentally feasible non-Gaussian receivers and show that in the regime of low received photon flux, it is possible to overcome the Gaussian receiver limit by relatively simple non-Gaussian receivers based on photon counting.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. v2: Numerical results added. v3: New section discussing the non-Gaussian receivers is added (Sec. IV)
At the crossroads: Hazard assessment and reduction of health risks from arsenic in private well waters of the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada
Creators: name: Zheng, Yan
name: Ayotte, Joseph D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Water chemistry
subject: Wells
subject: Drinking water--Arsenic content
subject: Hydrology
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental geology
subject: Water resources development--Management

description: This special issue contains 12 papers that report on new understanding of arsenic (As) hydrogeochemistry, performance of household well water treatment systems, and testing and treatment behaviors of well users in several states of the northeastern region of the United States and Nova Scotia, Canada. The responsibility to ensure water safety of private wells falls on well owners. In the U.S., 43 million Americans, mostly from rural areas, use private wells. In order to reduce As exposure in rural populations that rely on private wells for drinking water, risk assessment, which includes estimation of population at risk of exposure to As above the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level, is helpful but insufficient because it does not identify individual households at risk. Persistent optimistic bias among well owners against testing and barriers such as cost of treatment mean that a large percentage of the population will not act to reduce their exposure to harmful substances such as As. If households are in areas with known As occurrence, a potentially large percentage of well owners will remain unaware of their exposure. To ensure that everyone, including vulnerable populations such as low income families with children and pregnant women, is not exposed to arsenic in their drinking water, alternative action will be required and warrants further research
ALMA Detection of the Vibrationally Excited HCN J=4-3 Emission Line in the AGN-Hosting Luminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS 20551-4250
Creators: name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
name: Nakanishi, Kouichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from our ALMA Cycle 0 observations, at the frequencies around the HCN, HCO+, and HNC J=4-3 transition lines, of the luminous infrared galaxy IRAS 20551-4250 at z=0.043, which is known to host an energetically important obscured AGN. In addition to the targeted HCN, HCO+, and HNC J=4-3 emission lines, two additional strong emission lines are seen, which we attribute to H2S and CH3CN(+CCH). The HCN-to-HCO+ J=4-3 flux ratio (~0.7) is higher than in the other starburst-dominated galaxy (~0.2) observed in our ALMA Cycle 0 program. We tentatively (~5 sigma) detected the vibrationally excited (v2=1) HCN J=4-3 (l=1f) emission line, which is important for testing an infrared radiative pumping scenario for HCN. This is the second detection of this molecular transition in external galaxies. The most likely reason for this detection is not only the high flux of this emission line, but also the small molecular line widths observed in this galaxy, suggesting that vibrational excitation of HCN may be relatively common in AGN-hosting galaxies.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Tandem and transition metal-free synthesis of novel benzoimidazo-quinazoline as highly selective Hg2+ sensors
Creators: name: Shiri, Morteza
name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Faghihi, Zeinab
name: Vahideh Zadsirjan
name: Mohammadnejad, Masoumeh
name: Ranjbar, Maryam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry
subject: 30207 Transition Metal Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials

description: A one-pot procedure for the synthesis of novel planar aza-heterocycles possessing good fluorescence potencies was described. These benzoimidazopyrimido[4,5-b]quinolone derivatives came from the reaction of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carboxaldehydes and 2aminobenzimidazole using K2CO3 in DMF. The fluorescence study of these conjugated systems was also considered, which revealed that they have highly selective sensing of mercury. Consequently, to investigate another aspect of the reaction, a three-component reaction was developed by adding malononitrile to the aforementioned starting materials in the presence of l-proline under reflux condition in H2O/EtOH to provide aminoquinolin-3-yl-dihydrobenzoimidazo-pyrimidine-3-carbonitriles in good yields.
The origins of climate-diversity relationships and richness patterns in Chinese plants
Creators: name: Wu, Guilin
name: Wiens, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: A major goal of ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain geographic patterns of species richness. Richness is often correlated with climatic variables. However, the processes underlying these climate-diversity relationships remain poorly understood. Two potential hypotheses to explain these relationships involve: (i) faster diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) in high-richness climates, and (ii) earlier colonization of high-richness climates, allowing more time for speciation to build up richness. Few studies have tested these hypotheses directly, and most focused on animal clades with limited richness. In this study we test these hypotheses in Chinese angiosperms, encompassing ~10% of Earth's plant species, using large-scale phylogenetic, climatic, and distributional data including 26,977 species. We find that climatic zones that were colonized earlier have higher species richness. In contrast, relationships between diversification rates and richness of climatic zones are often non-significant or negative. Our study reveals that even when richness is strongly correlated with climate, the underlying explanation may still be rooted in phylogenetic history. We also show that the timing of colonization can be crucial for explaining richness patterns. Yet, most recent studies have ignored this explanation and instead have focused solely on rates of speciation and diversification as drivers of diversity gradients.
description: Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
Award Number: 32001108Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DEB 1655690
Glassy Chimeras could be blind to quantum speedup: Designing better benchmarks for quantum annealing machines
Creators: name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
name: Hamze, Firas
name: Andrist, Ruben S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a programmable quantum annealing machine has been built that minimizes the cost function of hard optimization problems by adiabatically quenching quantum fluctuations. Tests performed by different research teams have shown that, indeed, the machine seems to exploit quantum effects. However experiments on a class of random-bond instances have not yet demonstrated an advantage over classical optimization algorithms on traditional computer hardware. Here we present evidence as to why this might be the case. These engineered quantum annealing machines effectively operate coupled to a decohering thermal bath. Therefore, we study the finite-temperature critical behavior of the standard benchmark problem used to assess the computational capabilities of these complex machines. We simulate both random-bond Ising models and spin glasses with bimodal and Gaussian disorder on the D-Wave Chimera topology. Our results show that while the worst-case complexity of finding a ground state of an Ising spin glass on the Chimera graph is not polynomial, the finite-temperature phase space is likely rather simple: Spin glasses on Chimera have only a zero-temperature transition. This means that benchmarking optimization methods using spin glasses on the Chimera graph might not be the best benchmark problems to test quantum speedup. We propose alternative benchmarks by embedding potentially harder problems on the Chimera topology. Finally, we also study the (reentrant) disorder-temperature phase diagram of the random-bond Ising model on the Chimera graph and show that a finite-temperature ferromagnetic phase is stable up to 19.85(15)% antiferromagnetic bonds. Beyond this threshold the system only displays a zero-temperature spin-glass phase. Our results therefore show that a careful design of the hardware architecture and benchmark problems is key when building quantum annealing machines.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Observational constraints on the global atmospheric budget of ethanol
Creators: name: Naik, Vaishali
name: Horowitz, Larry W.
name: Singh, H. B.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Wiedinmyer, C.
name: Guenther, A.
name: De Gouw, J. A.
name: Millet, D. B.
name: Goldan, P. D.
name: Kuster, W. C.
name: Goldstein, A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Atmosphere--Research
Ethanol as fuel
Atmospheric chemistry
Climatic changes

description: Energy security and climate change concerns have led to the promotion of biomass-derived ethanol, an oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC), as a substitute for fossil fuels. Although ethanol is ubiquitous in the troposphere, our knowledge of its current atmospheric budget and distribution is limited. Here, for the first time we use a global chemical transport model in conjunction with atmospheric observations to place constraints on the ethanol budget, noting that additional measurements of ethanol (and its precursors) are still needed to enhance confidence in our estimated budget. Global sources of ethanol in the model include 5.0 Tg yr−1 from industrial sources and biofuels, 9.2 Tg yr−1 from terrestrial plants, ~0.5 Tg yr−1 from biomass burning, and 0.05 Tg yr−1 from atmospheric reactions of the ethyl peroxy radical (C2H5O2) with itself and with the methyl peroxy radical (CH3O2). The resulting atmospheric lifetime of ethanol in the model is 2.8 days. Gas-phase oxidation by the hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary global sink of ethanol in the model (65%), followed by dry deposition (25%), and wet deposition (10%). Over continental areas, ethanol concentrations predominantly reflect direct anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources. Uncertainty in the biogenic ethanol emissions, estimated at a factor of three, may contribute to the 50% model underestimate of observations in the North American boundary layer. Current levels of ethanol measured in remote regions are an order of magnitude larger than those in the model, suggesting a major gap in understanding. Stronger constraints on the budget and distribution of ethanol and OVOCs are a critical step towards assessing the impacts of increasing the use of ethanol as a fuel.
High-Temperature Activated AB2 Nanopowders for Metal Hydride Hydrogen Compression
Creators: name: Koultoukis, E. D.
name: Gkanas, E. I
name: Makridis, S. S.
name: Christodoulou, C. N.
name: Fruchart, D.
name: Stubos, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A reliable process for compressing hydrogen and for removing all contaminants is that of the metal hydride thermal compression. The use of metal hydride technology in hydrogen compression applications though, requires thorough structural characterization of the alloys and investigation of their sorption properties. The samples have been synthesized by induction - levitation melting and characterized by Rietveld analysis of the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Volumetric PCI (Pressure-Composition Isotherm) measurements have been conducted at 20, 60 and 90 oC, in order to investigate the maximum pressure that can be reached from the selected alloys using water of 90oC. Experimental evidence shows that the maximum hydrogen uptake is low since all the alloys are consisted of Laves phases, but it is of minor importance if they have fast kinetics, given a constant volumetric hydrogen flow. Hysteresis is almost absent while all the alloys release nearly all the absorbed hydrogen during desorption. Due to hardware restrictions, the maximum hydrogen pressure for the measurements was limited at 100 bars. Practically, the maximum pressure that can be reached from the last alloy is more than 150 bars.
description: 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1207.3541
Exploring the Gamma-Ray Emissivity of Young Supernova Remnants I: Hadronic Emission
Creators: name: Dwarkadas, Vikram V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a simplified model for the hadronic emission from young supernova remnants (SNRs), we derive an expression to calculate the hadronic luminosity with time, depending on the SN ejecta density profile and the density structure of the surrounding medium. Our analysis shows that the hadronic emission will decrease with time for core-collapse SNe expanding in the winds of their progenitor stars, but increase with time for SNe expanding into a constant density medium, typical of Type Ia SNe. Using our expressions, we can compute the time-dependent hadronic flux from some well-known young SNe and SNRs with time, and where applicable reproduce previous results in the appropriate parameter regime. Using our calculations, we also emphasize the exciting possibility that SN 1987A may become a visible gamma-ray source in the next decade.
description: Accepted to MNRAS. 11 pages, 0 figures
The synthesis of iminothiophenone-fused quinolines and evaluation of their serendipitous reactions
Creators: name: Shiri, Morteza
name: Faghihi, Zeinab
name: Oskouei, Hossein A.
name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Fazelzadeh, Shima
name: Notashb, Behrouz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry
subject: 30207 Transition Metal Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials

description: The novel synthesis of tricyclic 2-(cyclohexylimino)thieno[2,3-b]quinolin-3(2H)-ones from the reaction of 2mercaptoquinoline-3-carbaldehydes and isocyanides in methanol without using any additive is described. This protocol proceeds with high atom economy through the formation of C–S and C–C bond and then oxidation via tandem reaction. Moreover, some other remarkable aspects of this reaction such like the hydrolysis and a three-component reaction with aromatic amine to afford a highly conjugated schiff base is also investigated.
Summary of Kaikoura District Council risk engagement workshop for the proposed review of the district plan
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2019

description: Kaikōura District Council (KDC) are undertaking a plan change process for the natural hazards chapter of their district plan, in response to the 2016 earthquake. The earthquake resulted in a number of physical changes within the district, including changes in land levels, landslides, and river channels (and subsequent flooding). With these changed hazard and risk profiles, the KDC are undertaking a process to change the district plan to adopt a risk-based approach, informed by findings of new technical reports. This report has been prepared in response to a workshop held at Kaikōura District Council (KDC) on 28 August 2018 as part of a proposed GNS Science contract with KDC (proposal number 181947019). This workshop was designed to assist and inform KDC’s planning for their public engagement on the natural hazards provisions of their district plan revision. This report provides a summary of the workshop outcomes, a preliminary timeframe for engagement, and suggests next steps and actions to be taken to proceed with community engagement. NOTE: Since the workshop was held, the KDC has decided to take the standard district plan review process under the Resource Management Act (1991); i.e. it is no longer considering taking a streamlined district plan review process. However, this report still refers to this process, as it informed the development of the workshop that was held. (auth)
Designing Polar and Magnetic Oxides: Zn2FeTaO6 - in Search of Multiferroics
Creators: name: Li, Man-Rong
name: Stephens, Peter W.
name: Retuerto, Maria
name: Sarkar, Tapati
name: Grams, Christoph P.
name: Hemberger, Joachim
name: Croft, Mark C.
name: Walker, David
name: Greenblatt, Martha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Crystals
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical
Materials
Oxides
Chemistry
Materials science
Microchemistry

description: Polar oxides are technically of great interest but difficult to prepare. Our recent discoveries predicted that polar oxides can be synthesized in the corundum-derivative A2BB′O6 family with unusually small cations at the A-site and a d0 electron configuration ion at B′-site. When magnetic transition-metal ions are incorporated more interesting polar magnetic oxides can form. In this work we experimentally verified this prediction and prepared LiNbO3 (LN)-type polar magnetic Zn2FeTaO6 via high pressure and temperature synthesis. The crystal structure analysis indicates highly distorted ZnO6 and (Fe/Ta)O6 octahedra, and an estimated spontaneous polarization (PS) of ∼50 μC/cm2 along the c-axis was obtained from point charge model calculations. Zn2Fe3+Ta5+O6 has a lower magnetic transition temperature (TN ∼ 22 K) than the Mn2FeTaO6 analogue but is less conductive. The dielectric and polarization measurements indicate a potentially switchable component.
PolSAR Models with Multimodal Intensities
Creators: name: Ferreira, Jodavid
name: Nascimento, Abraão DC
name: Frery, Alejandro
name: Orgambide, Alejandro Frery
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 90905 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 90999 Geomatic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: 40699 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 10401 Applied Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) systems are an important remote sensing tool. Such systems can provide high spacial resolution images, but they are contaminated by an interference pattern called multidimensional speckle. This fact requires that PolSAR images receive specialised treatment; particularly, tailored models which are close to PolSAR physical formation are sought. In this paper, we propose two new matrix models which arise from applying the stochastic summation approach to PolSAR, called compound truncated Poisson complex Wishart (CTPCW) and compound geometric complex Wishart (CGCW) distributions. These models offer the unique ability to express multimodal data. Some of their mathematical properties are derived and discussed— characteristic function and Mellin-kind log-cumulants (MLCs). Moreover, maximum likelihood (ML) estimation procedures via expectation maximisation algorithm for CTPCW and CGCW parameters are furnished as well as MLC-based goodness-of-fit graphical tools. Monte Carlo experiment results indicate ML estimates perform at what is asymptotically expected (small bias and mean square error) even for small sample sizes. Finally, our proposals are employed to describe actual PolSAR images, presenting evidence that they can outperform other well-known distributions, such as WmC, Gm0 , and Km.
The Role of Merger Stage on Galaxy Radio Spectra in Local Infrared-Bright Starburst Galaxies
Creators: name: Murphy, Eric J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An investigation of the steep, high-frequency (i.e., ~12 GHz) radio spectra among a sample of 31 local infrared-bright starburst galaxies is carried out in light of their HST-based merger classifications. Radio data covering as many as 10 individual bands allows for spectral indices to be measured over three frequency bins between 0.15-32.5 GHz. Sources having the flattest spectral indices measured at ~2 and 4 GHz, arising from large free-free optical depths among the densest starbursts, appear to be in ongoing through post-stage mergers. The spectral indices measured at higher frequencies (i.e., ~12 GHz) are steepest for sources associated with ongoing mergers in which their nuclei are distinct, but either share a common stellar envelope and/or exhibit tidal tails. These results hold after excluding potential AGN based on their low 6.2um PAH EQWs. Consequently, the low-, mid-, and high-frequency spectral indices each appear to be sensitive to the exact merger stage. It is additionally shown that ongoing mergers, whose progenitors are still separated and share a common envelope and/or exhibit tidal tails, also exhibit excess radio emission relative to what is expected given the far-infrared/radio correlation, suggesting that there may be a significant amount of radio emission that is not associated with ongoing star formation. The combination of these observations, along with high-resolution radio morphologies, leads to a picture in which the steep high-frequency radio spectral indices and excess radio emission arises from radio continuum bridges and tidal tails that are not associated with star formation, similar to what is observed for so-called "taffy" galaxies. This scenario may also explain the seemingly low far-infrared/radio ratios measured for many high-z submillimeter galaxies, a number of which are merger-driven starbursts.
description: 13 page, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
name: Yevhenia, Polishchuk
name: Anna, Kornyliuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing

description: The concept and the main stakeholders of E-learning ecosystem are investigated at the article. University is regarded as a center of such ecosystem due to skilled knowledge providers and technical equipment availability. Studying different cases authors prove that higher educational institution plays a driver role in different projects, especially social start-up projects. Different models of partnership between universities and other stakeholders are considered. In authors’ opinion, one of the most perspective collaborative projects are in frame of “students – schoolchildren” due to effective knowledge transfer. Such kind of cooperation can fill the gap between school and university education. Particularly the framework of e-learning project in financial literacy for orphans totally prepared and executed by students is considered. The ICT tools are very actively used in these initiatives aiming to develop high demanded skills as critical thinking, creativity and complex problem solving. As a result, schoolchildren are receiving a toolkit for basic data analysis, developing own business plan and adopting evidencebased decisions. The authors prove that E-learning projects are able to improve both information and financial literacy and also increase the level of inclusivity into education of weak and socially unprotected children from orphanages. The article will be useful for the representatives from universities, orphanages, companies who eager to boost the level of their social responsibility. The aim of the research is to reveal different types of cooperation under social projects between higher educational institutions and other stakeholders, using wide range of ICT e-learning tools as well. In addition, to develop a set of recommendations to the universities of collaboration roadmap.
Thermo-compression of pyrope-grossular garnet solid solutions: Non-linear compositional dependence
Creators: name: Du, Wei
name: Clark, Simon Martin
name: Walker, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Artificial minerals
subject: Expansion (Heat)
subject: Garnet
subject: Mineralogy
subject: Chemistry
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Unit-cell parameters of a series of synthetic garnets with the pyrope, grossular, and four intermediate compositions were measured up to about 900 K and to 10 GPa using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. Coefficients of thermal expansion of pyrope-grossular garnets are in the range 2.10–2.74 × 10−5 K−1 and uniformly increase with temperature. Values for the two end-members pyrope and grossular are identical within experimental error 2.74 ± 0.05 × 10−5 K−1 and 2.73 ± 0.01 × 10−5 K−1, respectively. Coefficients of thermal expansion for intermediate compositions are smaller than those of end-members and are not linearly dependent on composition. Bulk modulus of grossular is K0 = 164.3(1) GPa (with K0′ the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus fixed to 5.92) and bulk modulus of pyrope is K 0 = 169.2(2) GPa (with K0′ fixed to 4.4) using a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, which are consistent with previously reported values. The bulk moduli of garnets of intermediate composition are between ~155 and ~160 GPa, smaller than those of the end-members no matter which K0′ is chosen. The compositional dependence of bulk modulus resembles the compositional dependence of thermal expansion. Intermediate garnets on this binary have large positive excess volume, which makes them more compressible. We find that excess volumes in the pyrope-grossular series remain relatively large even at high pressure (~6 GPa) and temperature (~800 K), supporting the observation of crystal exsolution on this garnet join. The curiously “W”-shaped compositional variation of thermal expansion and bulk modulus is anti-correlated with the compositional dependence of microstrain documented in our companion paper (Du et al. in preparation) on the excess volumes in this series of garnets. Minimum thermal expansions and bulk moduli go with maximum microstrains.
Evaluating the impact of zinc application on the presence of antimicrobial resistance in spinach and its production environment
Creators: name: Anedda, E.
name: Madigan, G.
name: Morris, D.
name: Burgess, C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Evaluation of the presence of antimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales in spinach and soil samples in zinc amended environment. OHEJP Project: HME-AMR
Britchenko Igor. University as a core of e-learning ecosystem/Polishchuk Y., Kornyliuk A., Britchenko I.//14th conference reader, Prague: Center for Higher Education Studies Location: Microsoft, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC Date: JUN 20-21, 2019. – P. 309-319.
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
name: Yevhenia, Polishchuk
name: Anna, Kornyliuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing

description: The concept and the main stakeholders of E-learning ecosystem are investigated at the article. University is regarded as a center of such ecosystem due to skilled knowledge providers and technical equipment availability. Studying different cases authors prove that higher educational institution plays a driver role in different projects, especially social start-up projects. Different models of partnership between universities and other stakeholders are considered. In authors’ opinion, one of the most perspective collaborative projects are in frame of “students – schoolchildren” due to effective knowledge transfer. Such kind of cooperation can fill the gap between school and university education. Particularly the framework of e-learning project in financial literacy for orphans totally prepared and executed by students is considered. The ICT tools are very actively used in these initiatives aiming to develop high demanded skills as critical thinking, creativity and complex problem solving. As a result, schoolchildren are receiving a toolkit for basic data analysis, developing own business plan and adopting evidencebased decisions. The authors prove that E-learning projects are able to improve both information and financial literacy and also increase the level of inclusivity into education of weak and socially unprotected children from orphanages. The article will be useful for the representatives from universities, orphanages, companies who eager to boost the level of their social responsibility. The aim of the research is to reveal different types of cooperation under social projects between higher educational institutions and other stakeholders, using wide range of ICT e-learning tools as well. In addition, to develop a set of recommendations to the universities of collaboration roadmap.
Structure and phase behavior of colloidal dumbbells with tunable attractive interactions
Creators: name: Munaò, Gianmarco
name: Costa, Dino
name: Giacometti, Achille
name: Caccamo, Carlo
name: Sciortino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate thermodynamic and structural properties of colloidal dumbbells in the framework provided by the Reference Interaction Site Model (RISM) theory of molecular fluids and Monte Carlo simulations. We consider two different models: in the first one we set identical square-well attractions on the two tangent spheres composing the molecule (SW-SW model); in the second scheme, one of square-well interactions is switched off (HS-SW model). Appreciable differences emerge between the physical properties of the two models. Specifically, the $k \to 0$ behavior of SW-SW structure factors $S(k)$ points to the presence of a gas-liquid coexistence, as confirmed by subsequent fluid phase equilibria calculations. Conversely, the HS-SW $S(k)$ develops a low-$k$ peak, signaling the presence of aggregates; such a process destabilizes the gas-liquid phase separation, promoting at low temperatures the formation of a cluster phase, whose structure depends on the system density. We further investigate such differences by studying the phase behavior of a series of intermediate models, obtained from the original SW-SW by progressively reducing the depth of one square-well interaction. RISM structural predictions positively reproduce the simulation data, including the rise of $S(k \to 0$) in the SW-SW model and the low-$k$ peak in the HS-SW structure factor. As for the phase behavior, RISM agrees with Monte Carlo simulations in predicting a gas-liquid coexistence for the SW-SW model (though the critical parameters appears overestimated by the theory) and its progressive disappearance moving toward the HS-SW model.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, 78 references