Ephippiochthonius
Creators: name: Zaragoza, Juan A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Pseudoscorpiones
Chthoniidae
Ephippiochthonius

description: Key to adults of the Ephippiochthonius species from the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Macaronesia
1 Fixed chelal finger with at least 20 teeth, reaching to base, proximal half of fixed chelal finger with triangular teeth gradually reduced towards base of finger; proximal half of movable chelal finger with low, rounded, sometimes vestigial teeth, without a marginal lamina. Intermediate paraxial setae hi1, hi3 and hi4 of chelal hand level with trichobothria ib / isb. Chelal lyrifissure ma2 present or absent.....................................................................................2
- Fixed chelal finger usually with up to 15 teeth, rarely up to 20, reaching as far as proximal third or half of finger; proximal third or half of movable chelal finger with straight, thick, marginal lamina. Intermediate paraxial setae hi1 of chelal hand level
with trichobothria ib / isb, hi3 and hi4 more distal. Chelal lyrifissure ma2 always absent (E. fuscimanus -group)........... 26 2 Lyrifissure ma2 present in proximal half of movable chelal finger (E. tetrachelatus -group).......................... 3
- Lyrifissure ma2 absent in proximal half of movable chelal finger (E. gibbus -group)............................... 27
3 Carapace with 2 macrosetae in posterior row and 1–2 short lateral setae on each side............................... 4
- Carapace with 2 macrosetae in posterior row, without short lateral setae......................................... 7
4 Movable cheliceral finger without isolated subapical tooth (di)................................................ 5
- Movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (di)................................................... 6
5 Epigean species, both pairs of eyes with convex lens. Pedipalpal femur (♂) 5.0 times longer than broad, length 0.34 mm; chela (♂) 4.6 times longer than broad, length 0.51 mm ................................... E. cabreriensis (Mahnert, 1993)
- Hypogean species, without eyes. Pedipalpal femur (♂) 6.7 times longer than broad, length 0.60 mm; chela (♂) 6.2 times longer than broad, length 0.80 mm ............................................................... E. serengei n. sp.
6 Epigean species, both pairs of eyes with convex lens. Smaller: chela 4.8–5.3 times longer than deep, length (♂) 0.65–0.77 mm .............................................................................. E. rimicola (Mahnert, 1993)
- Subterranean species, anterior pair of eyes with low convex lens, posterior pair reduced to eye-spots. Larger: chela 6.8–6.9 times longer than deep, length (♂) 1.74–1.82 mm ............................................................................................. E. aguileraorum (Carabajal Márquez, García Carrillo & Rodríguez Fernández, 2000)
7 Movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (di)................................................... 8
- Movable cheliceral finger without isolated subapical tooth (di)................................................ 9
8 Carapace with 1 preocular microseta on each side. Cheliceral spinneret of female prominent. Movable chelal finger with 20 teeth................................................................................. E. gonzalezi n. sp.
- Carapace without preocular microsetae. Cheliceral spinneret of female very low. Movable chelal finger with 13 teeth........................................................................................ E. hiberus (Beier, 1930)
9 Fixed chelal finger with intercalated denticles between the normal teeth........................................ 10
- Fixed chelal finger without intercalated denticles between the normal teeth..................................... 11
10 Tergites I and II with only 2 setae. Cheliceral spinneret of female large and apically pointed. Pedipalpal femur (♀) 8.2 times longer than broad, length 0.94 mm; chela (♀) 6.8 times longer than deep, length 1.28 mm .... E. distinguendus (Beier, 1930)
- Tergites I and II with 4 setae. Cheliceral spinneret of female low and rounded. Pedipalpal femur (♀) 6.8–7.0 times longer than broad, length 0.73–0.74 mm; chela (♀) 5.9–6.1 times longer than deep, length 1.00– 1.01 mm ....... E. castellonensis n. sp.
11 Epigean or hypogean species, eyes present, at least anterior pair with convex lens................................ 12
- Hypogean species, without eyes........................................................................ 16
12 Medium-sized species: pedipalpal femur (♀) length 0.52–0.83 mm; chela (♀) length 0.71–1.13 mm .................. 13
- Large species: pedipalpal femur (♀) length 1.57–1.58 mm; chela (♀) length 2.06–2.97 mm ............... E. ibiza n. sp.
13 Pedipalpal femur chaetotaxy 3:6:2:5:1................................................................... 14
- Pedipalpal femur chaetotaxy 3:6:3:5:1................................................. E. ponsi (Mahnert, 1993)
14 Epigean species, anterior and posterior eyes with well developed convex lens. Cheliceral spinneret present in male...... 15
- Hypogean species, anterior and posterior eyes with weak lens. Cheliceral spinneret absent in male......................................................... E. nerjaensis (Carabajal Márquez, García Carrillo & Rodríguez Fernández, 2001)
15 Distal half of movable chelal finger with 6–8 upright, triangular teeth with dental canals, proximal half with 5–9 vestigial, undulating teeth gradually reduced towards base, mostly with dental canals. Cheliceral spinneret only slightly reduced in male relative to that of female. Chelal hand not depressed at level of ib / isb or only weakly so; pedipalpal femur (♂) 5.4–7.5, (♀) 5.3–7.0 times longer than broad, length (♂) 0.47–0.69 mm, (♀) 0.52–0.76 mm; chela (♂) 4.4–5.8, (♀) 4.2–5.1 times as long as deep, length (♂) 0.65–0.95 mm, (♀) 0.71–1.04 mm ................................ E. tetrachelatus (Preyssler, 1790)
- Distal half of movable chelal finger with 7–9 upright, triangular teeth with dental canals, proximal half with straight marginal lamina without vestigial teeth. Cheliceral spinneret of male strongly reduced relative to that of female. Chelal hand distinctly depressed at level of trichobothria ib / isb; pedipalpal femur (♂♀) 6.4 times longer than broad, length (♂) 0.75–0.77 mm, (♀) 0.72 mm; chela (♂) 5.4, (♀) 4.9 times as long as deep, length (♂) 1.02–1.04 mm, (♀) 0.97 mm ...... E. tarraconensis n. sp.
16 Carapace without preocular microsetae.................................................................. 17
- Carapace with 1–2 preocular microsetae on each side....................................................... 19
17 Medium-sized species: pedipalpal femur (♀) 6.0–7.0 times longer than broad, length 0.67–0.91 mm; chela (♀) 4.9–6.7 times longer than deep, length 0.90–1.24 mm .................................................................. 18
- Large species: pedipalpal femur (♀) 9.4 times longer than broad, length 1.82 mm; chela (♀) 7.2 times longer than deep, length 2.42 mm ....................................................................... E. nudipes (Mahnert, 1982)
18 Chelicera distinctly longer than carapace. More slender and larger: pedipalpal femur (♀) 7.0 times longer than broad, length 0.91 mm; chela (♀) 6.2 times longer than deep, length 1.24 mm ...................................... E. aini n. sp.
- Chelicera distinctly shorter than carapace. Stouter and smaller: pedipalpal femur 6.0 (♀) times longer than broad, length 0.6 7 mm (♀); chela 4.9 (♀) times longer than deep, length 0.90 mm (♀).................................. E. riberai n. sp.
19 Movable chelal finger with 9–11 teeth with dental canals.................................................... 20
- Movable chelal finger with 15–21 teeth with dental canals................................................... 21
20 Coxa II with 7–9 coxal spines........... E. mariolae (Carabajal Márquez, García Carrillo & Rodríguez Fernández, 2001)
- Coxa II with 16–19 coxal spines...................................................... E. bolivari (Beier, 1930)
21 Larger species: pedipalpal femur (♂♀) longer than 0.80 mm, chela (♂♀) longer than 1.00 mm...................... 22
- Smaller species: pedipalpal femur length (♂) 0.62 mm, (♀) 0.63–0.75 mm; chela length (♂) 0.84 mm, (♀) 0.86–0.97 mm .......................................................................................... E. aurouxi n. sp.
22 Pedipalpal femur chaetotaxy 3:6:2:5:1............................................. E. balearicus (Mahnert, 1977)
- Pedipalpal femur chaetotaxy 3:6:3:5:1................................................................... 23
23 Coupled sensilla pc halfway between trichobothria b and sb ................................................. 24
- Coupled sensilla pc close to or distad of trichobothrium sb .................................................. 25
24 Pedipalpal femur (♀) 7.0–7.4 times longer than broad, length 0.75–0.84 mm; pedipalpal patella (♀) 2.2–2.3 times longer than broad, length 0.28–0.32 mm; chela (♀) 5.9–6.5 times longer than deep, length 1.00– 1.10 mm ......... E. benimaquia n. sp.
- Pedipalpal femur (♀) 7.8–8.0 times longer than broad, length (♀) 1.01 mm; pedipalpal patella (♀) 2.4–2.5 times longer than broad, length (♀) 0.38–0.39 mm; chela (♀) 6.1–6.3 times longer than deep, length (♀) 1.32 mm ........ E. fadriquei n. sp.
25 Fixed chelal finger with dental row reaching halfway between levels of trichobothria sb and b. Pedipalpal femur (♂) 7.8 times longer than broad, length 0.83–0.86 mm; chela (♂) length 1.14–1.17 mm. Coupled sensilla pc proximad of trichobothrium sb ....................................................................................... E. comasi n. sp.
- Fixed chelal finger with dental row reaching to base. Pedipalpal femur (♂) 8.4–8.6 times longer than broad, length (♂) 1.14– 1.18 mm; chela (♂) length (♂) 1.54–1.57 mm. Coupled sensilla pc usually well distad of trichobothrium sb ............................................................................................ E. mahnerti (Zaragoza, 1984)
26 Movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (di). Pedipalpal femur (♀) 5.4–5.5 times longer than broad, length 0.47–0.49 mm; chela 4.4–4.5 (♀) times longer than deep, length 0.67–0.68 mm .............. E. pyrenaicus (Beier, 1934)
- Movable cheliceral finger without isolated subapical tooth (di). Pedipalpal femur (♀) 5.8 times longer than broad, length 0.64 mm; chela (♀) 4.2 times longer than broad, length 0.88 mm ................................. E. portugalensis n. sp.
27 Movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (di).................................................. 28
- Movable cheliceral finger without isolated subapical tooth (di)............................................... 34
28 Posterior margin of carapace with 2 macrosetae and a pair of short lateral setae.................................. 29
- Posterior margin of carapace with 2 macrosetae, without lateral setae.......................................... 30
29 Epigean, with convex lens in both pairs of eyes. Pedipalps stouter: chela (♂) 4.6 times longer than deep, length 0.48–0.51 mm; chela (♀) 3.9 times longer than deep, length 0.57 mm. Fixed chelal finger at level of est / it with 5–6 teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.015–0.025 mm ........................................ E. henderickxi n. sp.
- Hypogean, with posterior eyes reduced to eye-spots. Pedipalps more slender: chela (♂) 5.0 times longer than deep, length 0.84 mm; chela (♀) 4.6 times longer than deep, length 0.98–1.00 mm. Fixed chelal finger at level of est / it with 3–4 teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.028–0.043 mm ........................... E. catalonicus (Beier, 1939)
30 Carapace without preocular microsetae.................................................................. 31
- Carapace with 1 or 2 preocular microsetae on each side..................................................... 32
31 Movable cheliceral finger of ♂ with spinneret............................................ E. gibbus (Beier, 1953)
- Movable cheliceral finger of ♂ without spinneret.............................................. E. zaballosi n. sp.
32 Without eyes. Pedipalps more slender and longer: pedipalpal femur (♀) 6.9 times longer than broad, length 0.91 mm; chela (♀) 5.5 times longer than deep, length 1.20 mm; ratio (♀) pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.8........... E. bellesi (Mahnert, 1989)
- Eyes present, at least, anterior pair with lens. Pedipalps stouter and shorter: pedipalpal femur (♂) 5.0–6.3 times longer than broad, length 0.34–0.57 mm; chela (♀) 4.8–5.3 times longer than deep, length (♂) 0.48–0.78 mm; ratio pedipalpal femur/cara- pace 1.1–1.4....................................................................................... 33
33 Lyrifissure fd3 present on fixed finger. Pedipalpal femur 1.4 times longer than the carapace. Larger: pedipalpal femur (♂) 6.3 times longer than broad, length 0.57 mm; chela (♂) 5.3 times longer than deep, length 0.78 mm. Movable cheliceral finger with prominent spinneret in male............................................................ E. masoae n. sp.
- Lyrifissure fd3 absent. Pedipalpal femur 1.1 times longer than the carapace. Smaller: pedipalpal femur (♂) 5.0–5.2 times longer than broad, length 0.34–0.35 mm; chela (♂) 4.8–4.9 times longer than deep, length 0.48–0.50 mm. Movable cheliceral finger without spinneret in male.................................................................... E. sevai n. sp.
34 Distal half of movable chelal finger with 10–12 pointed teeth, reaching halfway between trichobothria st and sb or closer to sb than to st .......................................................................................... 35
- Distal half of movable chelal finger with 7–9 pointed teeth, not reaching as far as halfway between trichobothria st and sb ...................................................................................................... 36
35 Eyes present. Coxa II with 9–10, III with 3–4 coxal spines. Pointed teeth of movable finger reaching distinctly closer to sb than to st. Pedipalpal femur (♀) 5.6 times longer than broad, length 0.62 mm; chela (♀) 5.0–5.2 times longer than broad, length 0.95–1.00 mm.................................................................... E. hispanus (Beier, 1930)
- Eyes absent. Coxa II with 13–14, III with 6–7 coxal spines. Pointed teeth of movable finger reaching halfway between st and sb. Pedipalpal femur (♀) 6.6 times longer than broad, length 0.89 mm; chela (♀) 5.5 times longer than deep, length 1.22 mm .................................... E. mayorali (Carabajal Márquez, García Carrillo & Rodríguez Fernández, 2001)
36 Distance between st and sb 3.6 times longer than that between sb and b. Coupled sensilla pc slightly distad of trichobothrium sb .................................................................................. E. galcerani n. sp.
- Distance between st and sb 1.8–2.3 times longer than that between sb and b. Coupled sensilla pc approximately halfway between trichobothria sb and b ......................................................................... 37
37 Smaller: Pedipalpal femur length (♂) 0.40–0.50 mm, (♀) 0.40 mm; chela length (♂) 0.56 mm, (♀) 0.65 mm ..................................................................................................... E. caceresi n. sp.
- Larger: Pedipalpal femur length (♂) 0.69–0.82 mm, (♀) 0.60–0.93 mm; chela length (♂) 0.73–1.15 mm, (♀) 0.85–1.25 mm ................................................................................................... 38
38 Pedipalpal femur chaetotaxy, posterior dorsal row 3 setae (3:6:3:5:1). Cheliceral spinneret absent in male...................................................... E. amatei (Carabajal Márquez, García Carrillo & Rodríguez Fernández, 2001)
- Pedipalpal femur chaetotaxy, posterior dorsal row 2 setae (3:6:2:5:1 or 3:6–8:2:5–6:1). Cheliceral spinneret prominent in male.................................................................................................. 39
39 Larger: pedipalpal femur (♂) 6.5–6.9 times longer than broad, length (♂) 0.82 mm, femur (♀) 5.4–5.5 times longer than broad, length 0.92–0.93 mm; chela (♂) 5.4–5.5 times longer than deep, length 1.12–1.15 mm, chela (♀) 4.6–5.0 times longer than deep, length 1.20–1.25 mm. Chelal lyrifissure fd3 usually absent................................... E. vicenae n. sp.
- Smaller: pedipalpal femur (♂) 6.5 times longer than broad, length 0.69 mm, femur (♀) 5.8 times longer than broad, length 0.73 mm; chela (♂) 5.2 times longer than deep, length 0.95 mm, chela (♀) 4.5 times longer than deep, length, 1.02 mm. Chelal lyr- ifissure fd3 present...................................................................... E. andalucia n. sp.
description: Published as part of Zaragoza, Juan A., 2017, Revision of the Ephippiochthonius complex in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Macaronesia, with proposed changes to the status of the Chthonius subgenera (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), pp. 1-221 in Zootaxa 4246 (1) on pages 34-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.437611