cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Computational modeling of strand-based wood composites in bending
Creators: name: Clouston, Peggi Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A stochastic finite element approach is presented herein for simulating the nonlinear behaviour of strand-based wood composites with strands of varying grain angle. The approach is based on the constitutive properties of the individual strands making it practical and versatile in application. It can be used to gauge the effects of varying strand characteristics in product manufacturing or it may be useful in the design of wood composite structures. Both 2 and 3 dimensional, stochastic, materially nonlinear finite element codes are developed. The nonlinear constitutive behaviour of the wood strands is characterized within the framework of rate-independent theory of orthotropic elasto-plasticity. The constitutive model employs the Tsai-Wu yield criterion with the associated flow rule of plasticity. Failure is marked by an upper bound surface whereupon either perfect plasticity or an abrupt loss of strength and stiffness ensues. This constitutive model is implemented into the finite element codes. The programs are based on the conventional displacement formulation using linear isoparametric elements. The nonlinearities are resolved by a modified Newton-Raphson procedure. The programs are further formulated in a probabilistic manner using random variables as input for principal material strengths and stiffnesses. To generate entire data samples for comparison with experimental samples, the programs were written with extended capacity to perform Monte Carlo simulations. The mechanical properties of the strands are derived through both experiment and analysis. An experimental database of principal material strengths and stiffness parameters is acquired for Douglas fir heartwood strands. Statistical parameters for shear strength and stiffness as well as the interaction parameter of the Tsai-Wu criterion are estimated, however, through a least square minirriization of error between simulated and experimental compression strength of [+15]s angle-ply laminates. Weibull weakest-link theory is employed to adjust experimental tensile strength values for size effect. The general performance of the programs is verified through comparison of results for several analyses solved using analytical techniques or alternate programs. Following this, the ability of the models to reproduce experimental findings for angle-ply laminates in tension, compression and 3 point bending is validated. A preliminary investigation is conducted to compare numerical simulations with experimental data for Parallam* in tension and 3 point bending. The favourable comparisons of the model to experimental results attest to the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
B_{s,d}\to γγdecay in the model with one universal extra dimension
Creators: name: Devidze, G.
name: Liparteliani, A.
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the beyond the Standard Model (SM) contribution to the B_{s,d} \to γγdouble radiative decay in the framework of the model with one universal extra dimension. This contribution gives a \sim 3 (6)% enhancement of the branching ratio calculated in the SM for B_{s (d)} \to γγ.
description: 5 pages, 1 fig, uses espcrc2
A HIERARCHICAL BAYES APPROACH TO MODELING CHOICE DATA: A STUDY OF WETLAND RESTORATION PROGRAMS
Creators: name: Eisen-Hecht, Jonathan I.
name: Kramer, Randall A.
name: Huber, Joel
name: Eisen-Hecht, Jonathan I.
name: Kramer, Randall A.
name: Huber, Joel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This study examines the factors the influence the values and importance that landowners place on the attributes of voluntary wetland restoration programs. Choice-based conjoint analysis, a stated preference method, was used to estimate the marginal utilities and values for restoration program attributes for North Carolina landowners. Landowner preferences were estimated at individual and aggregate levels to examine the importance of modeling heterogeneous preferences. Choice modeling performed at both aggregate and individual levels demonstrated the information gains from a disaggregated approach.
Additional file 8 of A novel function of FAF1, which induces dopaminergic neuronal death through cell-to-cell transmission
Creators: name: Gyeongrin Park
name: Bok-Seok Kim
name: Eunhee Kim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7 Figure S6. FAF1 upregulation increases exosome number. SH-SY5Y cells plated on 150 mm dishes were transfected with VC or 3xFlag-FAF1 plasmid. At 24 h after transfection, the culture medium was replaced with exosome-depleted medium, and the cells were cultured for 48 h. a After exosomes were isolated from the CM of each group of cells with ExoQuick-TC, CL and isolated EXOs were analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies. b Final cell numbers were determined using a Muse analyzer. Statistical comparisons were evaluated using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc analysis. ***P
Measuring the Impact of Globalization on the Well-being of the Poor: Methodology and an Application to Africa
Creators: name: Rahman, Tauhidur
name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
name: Rahman, Tauhidur
name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Whereas a large number of empirical studies have been devoted to analyzing the relationship between measures of income and globalization (defined by openness to international trade), much less attention has been paid to the analysis of well-being for the various subgroups of population and their causal associations with globalization. To address this gap in the literature, this paper first analyzes the quality of life (QOL) of 'poor' and 'non-poor' population segments of 40 African countries over a period of 1980-2000, and then examines their causal association with openness to trade. In order to understand the impact of openness to trade on the well-being of poor, we assume the causal chain Openness_ Income_ Poverty_ Well-being of poor and empirically examine link by link for Africa. The first link of the chain is from openness to growth. The second link in the causal chain from openness to well-being is the interrelationship between growth and poverty. The third link of the chain is from reduction in poverty to improvement of well-being. The major findings of this paper are: First, nearly every well-being indicator declines as the poor's population share increases; second, the tendency for QOL to decline with increasing poor's population share is common to the African and non-African countries; third, women suffer a double QOL disadvantage in areas of health and education as the poor's share of population increases; and fourth, globalization has improved incomes of African countries, however, there is a no significant decline in poverty and improvement in well-being of the poor over the period. We discuss the key challenges faces by African countries to beneficially engage in the world economy.
Additional file 1 of Synthesis of novel indole-isoxazole hybrids and evaluation of their cytotoxic activities on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Creators: name: Hawash, Mohammed
name: Kahraman, Deniz Cansen
name: Ergun, Sezen Guntekin
name: Cetin-Atalay, Rengul
name: Baytas, Sultan Nacak
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1. The chemical properites of 5b-5u compounds. Figure S1-S23: Chemical structure, NMR and IR spectrums of all syntheszied compounds. Table S1: IC50 values (μM) of selected compounds on immortalized normal human epithelial breast cell line, MCF12A. Figure S24. Full images of blots represented in Figure 3B and 4C. Images are obtained with Odyssey® CLx instrument using 700 nm (red) or 800 nm (green) channels.
THE EFFECT OF ENTRY BY WAL-MART SUPERCENTERS ON RETAIL GROCERY CONCENTRATION
Creators: name: Martens, Bobby J.
name: Dooley, Frank J.
name: Kim, Sounghun
name: Martens, Bobby J.
name: Dooley, Frank J.
name: Kim, Sounghun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The U.S. retail grocery industry shifted from an industry dominated by small grocers serving local markets to one characterized by large retailers present in international markets. Average retail grocery concentration as measured by CR4 increased from 17.8 in 1982 to 43.0 in 1999 (U.S. Census Bureau, 1982; Trade Dimensions Marketing Guidebook, 2000). Wal-Mart's tremendous growth is the catalyst to this change. Although Wal-Mart has been studied from multiple perspectives, little is known about Wal-Mart's effect on market concentration. Understanding Wal-Mart's influence on market concentration is important because an extensive literature shows a pattern linking retail grocery market concentration to increases in retail grocery prices. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the effects of de novo entry by Wal-Mart Supercenters on retail grocery concentration (CR4). Using a panel dataset complied from Trade Dimensions Marketing Guidebook and Market Scope publications, the effect of Wal-Mart Supercenters on changes in retail grocery concentration was estimated. The results show that existing Wal-Mart Supercenter operations and entry by Wal-Mart Supercenters significantly increase the rate of change in retail grocery concentration as measured by CR4.
Numerical indication that center vortices drive dynamical mass generation in QCD
Creators: name: Kamleh, Waseem
name: Leinweber, Derek B.
name: Virgili, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first calculation of the response of the momentum space quark propagator to center vortices in the ground state fields of QCD is presented. Center vortices are identified on 2+1-flavour dynamical gauge fields with $m_π\simeq 156$ MeV to obtain the vortex-removed and vortex-only quark propagator. Dynamical mass generation is found to vanish upon vortex removal, while the vortex-only field is able to generate dynamical mass. These new signatures strengthen the lattice QCD evidence indicating that center vortices underpin both dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and quark confinement.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Updated to include minor changes for the published version
Supergravity Solutions for Harmonic, Static and Flux S-Branes
Creators: name: Kaya, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We seek S-brane solutions in D=11 supergravity which can be characterized by a harmonic function H on the flat transverse space. It turns out that the Einstein's equations force H to be a linear function of the transverse coordinates. The codimension one H=0 hyperplane can be spacelike, timelike or null and the spacelike case reduces to the previously obtained SM2 or SM5 brane solutions. We then consider static S-brane configurations having smeared timelike directions where the transverse Lorentzian symmetry group is broken down to its maximal orthogonal subgroup. Assuming that the metric functions depend on a radial spatial coordinate, we construct explicit solutions in D=11 supergravity which are non-supersymmetric and asymptotically flat. Finally, we obtain spacelike fluxbrane backgrounds which have timelike electric or magnetic fluxlines extending from past to future infinity.
description: 22 pages, v2: references added
How Agricultural Economists Increase the Value of Agribusiness Research
Creators: name: Knight, Erika P.
name: House, Lisa
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
name: Batista, Juan C.
name: Sawyer, Alan
name: Knight, Erika P.
name: House, Lisa
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
name: Batista, Juan C.
name: Sawyer, Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Historically, there has been declining cooperation between agribusiness firms and agricultural economists. In new product marketing research, firms' tend to conduct their own analyses, partially due to confidentiality, usually consisting of simple univariate or bivariate statistics such as chi-squared tests of independence. The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate, through a case study, one way in which agricultural economists can add value to agribusiness firms research. Results from the econometric model offer a richer explanation of consumer behavior and may be more useful to agribusiness firms.
Estimating Economies of Scope Using Profit Function: A Dual Approach of the Normalized Quadratic Profit Function
Creators: name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Theoretical relationships between the parameters of the normalized quadratic cost and profit functions were derived. The cost function was recovered from an estimated profit function, and thus economies of scope (EOS) were calculated using a profit function. An empirical example showed that the parameters in the true cost function could be precisely recovered using the estimated profit function. Estimating economies of scope measures using profit function have several merits over that using cost function, which include easier imposition of curvature, avoiding calculating EOS off the production frontier and capturing the inefficiency in the allocation of output quantities. The EOS calculated using profit function was based on the traditional concept of EOS can be easily compared with the EOS that was computed using cost function.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 06/26/06.
Incentive compatibility and procedural invariance testing of the one-and-one-half-bound dichotomous choice elicitation method: distinguishing strategic behaviour from the anchoring heuristic
Creators: name: Bateman, Ian J.
name: Day, Brett H.
name: Dupont, Diane P.
name: Georgiou, Stavros
name: Bateman, Ian J.
name: Day, Brett H.
name: Dupont, Diane P.
name: Georgiou, Stavros
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The contingent valuation method for estimating willingness to pay for public goods typically adopts a single referendum question format which is statistically inefficient. As an alternative, Cooper, Hanemann and Signorello (2002) propose the 'one-and-one-half bound' (OOHB) format allowing researchers to question respondents about both a lower and higher limit upon project costs, thereby securing substantial statistical efficiency gains. These bounds are presented prior to the elicitation of responses thereby avoiding the negative 'surprise' induced by an unanticipated second question. However, this approach conflicts with the Gibbard-Satterthwaite result that only a single referendum format question is incentive compatible. The OOHB method may therefore be liable to strategic behaviour or reliance upon the anchoring heuristic observed in other repeated response elicitation formats. In a first formal test of the method we show that it fails crucial tests of procedural invariance and induces strategic behaviour amongst responses.
Revealing the intermediate-mass black hole at the heart of the dwarf galaxy NGC 404 with sub-parsec resolution ALMA observations
Creators: name: Davis, Timothy A.
name: Nguyen, Dieu D.
name: Seth, Anil C.
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Nyland, Kristina
name: Barth, Aaron J.
name: Bureau, Martin
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Brok, Mark den
name: Iguchi, Satoru
name: Lelli, Federico
name: Liu, Lijie
name: Neumayer, Nadine
name: North, Eve V.
name: Onishi, Kyoko
name: Sarzi, Marc
name: Smith, Mark D.
name: Williams, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the mass of the intermediate-mass black hole at the heart of the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 404 using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the molecular interstellar medium at an unprecedented linear resolution of ~0.5 pc, in combination with existing stellar kinematic information. These ALMA observations reveal a central disc/torus of molecular gas clearly rotating around the black hole. This disc is surrounded by a morphologically and kinematically complex flocculent distribution of molecular clouds, that we resolve in detail. Continuum emission is detected from the central parts of NGC 404, likely arising from the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of emission from dust around the nucleus, and potentially from dusty massive star-forming clumps at discrete locations in the disc. Several dynamical measurements of the black hole mass in this system have been made in the past, but they do not agree. We show here that both the observed molecular gas and stellar kinematics independently require a ~5x10$^5$ Msun black hole once we include the contribution of the molecular gas to the potential. Our best estimate comes from the high-resolution molecular gas kinematics, suggesting the black hole mass of this system is 5.5$^{+4.1}_{-3.8}\times$10$^5$ Msun (at the 99% confidence level), in good agreement with our revised stellar kinematic measurement and broadly consistent with extrapolations from the black hole mass - velocity dispersion and black hole mass - bulge mass relations. This highlights the need to accurately determine the mass and distribution of each dynamically important component around intermediate-mass black holes when attempting to estimate their masses.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, MNRAS accepted
Delayed ionization and excitation dynamics in a filament wake channel in dense gas medium
Creators: name: Romanov, Dmitri A.
name: Levis, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A unified theoretical description is developed for the formation of an ionized filament channel in a dense-gas medium and the evolution of electronic degrees of freedom in this channel in the laser pulse wake, as illustrated on an example of high-pressure argon. During the laser pulse, the emerging free electrons gain energy via inverse Bremsstrahlung on neutral atoms, enabling impact ionization and extensive collisional excitation of the atoms. A kinetic model of these processes produces the radial density distributions in the immediate wake of the laser pulse. After the pulse, the thermalized electron gas drives the system evolution via impact ionization (from the ground and excited states) and collisional excitation of the residual neutral atoms, while the excited atoms are engaged in Penning ionization. The interplay of these three processes determines the electron gas cooling dynamics. The local imbalance of the free-electron and ion densities induces a transient radial electric field, which depends critically on the electron temperature. The evolving radial profiles of the electron, ion, and excited-atom densities, as well as the profiles of electron temperature and induced electric field are obtained by solving the system of diffusion-reaction equations numerically. All these characteristics evolve with two characteristic timescales, and allow for measuring the electronic stage of the wake channel evolution via linear and nonlinear light-scattering experiments.
Effects of Food Safety Information on Meat Demand: A Comparison of the United States and Canada
Creators: name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: In addition to the traditional economic factors such as income level and prices, food safety has a potentially significant impact on consumers' meat preferences. Therefore, understanding the consumers' responses to food safety information is important to policy analysts and the meat industry. As the U.S. and Canada have both experienced cases of BSE, it is useful to compare U.S. and Canadian consumer responses to food safety events to better understand factors that influence consumer response. The objective of this study is to compare both own- and cross-commodity impacts of publicized food safety information on U.S. and Canadian meat demand by setting up individual food safety indices for each meat product including beef, pork, and poultry using monthly data. This study provides valuable information about the consumer responses to food safety events in both the U.S. and Canada. Its new contribution is through use of recent and monthly data, construction of unique food safety indices and the ability to compare consumer responses in the two countries.
RETINA: Distributed and Secure Trust Management for Smart Grid Applications and Energy Trading
Creators: name: Boulgourasa, Vaios
name: Ioannidis, Thodoris
name: Politis, Ilias
name: Xenakis, Christos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid adoption of smart grids demands robust security and efficiency measures due to their critical role in delivering electricity and their potential for customer-oriented benefits. This paper presents an innovative framework, named RETINA, which provides a resilient and secure energy trading mechanism within smart grid systems. RETINA tackles the inherent security and infrastructure challenges in smart grids by establishing a trust-based security layer and facilitating energy transactions through blockchain technology. Our proposed solution integrates Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and the Web of Trust (WoT) concepts, promoting decentralized communication channels and robust key management. We further introduce a smart contract-based energy trading mechanism that factors in trust, distance, and energy type (green or non-green) in cost calculation. The utility and robustness of RETINA have been validated in a virtualized testbed environment with 500 nodes, demonstrating superior performance in terms of scalability and resilience compared to the existing WoT scheme. Furthermore, RETINA successfully enables a secure and efficient energy trading scheme, promoting the use of renewable energy sources. Future enhancements will include application to a realistic smart grid deployment and the integration of additional functionalities. This groundbreaking solution has the potential to revolutionize the smart grid ecosystem, addressing its current limitations and propelling the industry towards a future of advanced and secure energy exchange.
description: Under submission to Elsevier's Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks (SEGAN)
APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South
Creators: name: Jönsson, Henrik
name: Holtzman, Jon A.
name: Prieto, Carlos Allende
name: Cunha, Katia
name: García-Hernández, D. A.
name: Hasselquist, Sten
name: Masseron, Thomas
name: Osorio, Yeisson
name: Shetrone, Matthew
name: Smith, Verne
name: Stringfellow, Guy S.
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Edvardsson, Bengt
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Mészáros, Szabolcs
name: Souto, Diogo
name: Zamora, Olga
name: Beaton, Rachael L.
name: Bovy, Jo
name: Donor, John
name: Pinsonneault, Marc H.
name: Poovelil, Vijith Jacob
name: Sobeck, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral analysis and data products in Data Release 16 (DR16; December 2019) from the high-resolution near-infrared APOGEE-2/SDSS-IV survey are described. Compared to the previous APOGEE data release (DR14; July 2017), APOGEE DR16 includes about 200000 new stellar spectra, of which 100000 are from a new southern APOGEE instrument mounted on the 2.5 m du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. DR16 includes all data taken up to August 2018, including data released in previous data releases. All of the data have been re-reduced and re-analyzed using the latest pipelines, resulting in a total of 473307 spectra of 437445 stars. Changes to the analysis methods for this release include, but are not limited to, the use of MARCS model atmospheres for calculation of the entire main grid of synthetic spectra used in the analysis, a new method for filling "holes" in the grids due to unconverged model atmospheres, and a new scheme for continuum normalization. Abundances of the neutron capture element Ce are included for the first time. A new scheme for estimating uncertainties of the derived quantities using stars with multiple observations has been applied, and calibrated values of surface gravities for dwarf stars are now supplied. Compared to DR14, the radial velocities derived for this release more closely match those in the Gaia DR2 data base, and a clear improvement in the spectral analysis of the coolest giants can be seen. The reduced spectra as well as the result of the analysis can be downloaded using links provided in the SDSS DR16 web page.
Sturmian morphisms, the braid group B_4, Christoffel words and bases of F_2
Creators: name: Kassel, Christian
name: Reutenauer, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E99; 20E05; 20F28; 20F36; 20M05; 37B10; 68R15

description: We give a presentation by generators and relations of a certain monoid generating a subgroup of index two in the group Aut(F_2) of automorphisms of the rank two free group F_2 and show that it can be realized as a monoid in the group B_4 of braids on four strings. In the second part we use Christoffel words to construct an explicit basis of F_2 lifting any given basis of the free abelian group Z^2. We further give an algorithm allowing to decide whether two elements of F_2 form a basis or not. We also show that, under suitable conditions, a basis has a unique conjugate consisting of two palindromes.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures
Tactile Roughness Perception of Virtual Gratings by Electrovibration
Creators: name: Isleyen, Aykut
name: Vardar, Yasemin
name: Basdogan, Cagatay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Realistic display of tactile textures on touch screens is a big step forward for haptic technology to reach a wide range of consumers utilizing electronic devices on a daily basis. Since the texture topography cannot be rendered explicitly by electrovibration on touch screens, it is important to understand how we perceive the virtual textures displayed by friction modulation via electrovibration. We investigated the roughness perception of real gratings made of plexiglass and virtual gratings displayed by electrovibration through a touch screen for comparison. In particular, we conducted two psychophysical experiments with 10 participants to investigate the effect of spatial period and the normal force applied by finger on roughness perception of real and virtual gratings in macro size. We also recorded the contact forces acting on the participants' finger during the experiments. The results showed that the roughness perception of real and virtual gratings are different. We argue that this difference can be explained by the amount of fingerpad penetration into the gratings. For real gratings, penetration increased tangential forces acting on the finger, whereas for virtual ones where skin penetration is absent, tangential forces decreased with spatial period. Supporting our claim, we also found that increasing normal force increases the perceived roughness of real gratings while it causes an opposite effect for the virtual gratings. These results are consistent with the tangential force profiles recorded for both real and virtual gratings. In particular, the rate of change in tangential force ($dF_t/dt$) as a function of spatial period and normal force followed trends similar to those obtained for the roughness estimates of real and virtual gratings, suggesting that it is a better indicator of the perceived roughness than the tangential force magnitude.
description: Manuscript received June 25, 2019; revised November 15, 2019; accepted December 11, 2019
Higher-form Gauge Symmetries in Multipole Topological Phases
Creators: name: Dubinkin, Oleg
name: Rasmussen, Alex
name: Hughes, Taylor L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we study field-theoretical aspects of multipolar topological insulators. Previous research has shown that such systems naturally couple to higher-rank tensor gauge fields that arise as a result of gauging dipole or subsystem $U(1)$ symmetries. Here we propose a complementary framework using electric higher-form symmetries. We utilize the fact that gauging 1-form electric symmetries results in a 2-form gauge field which couples naturally to extended line-like objects: Wilson lines. In our context the Wilson lines are electric flux lines associated to the electric polarization of the system. This allows us to define a generalized 2-form Peierls' substitution for dipoles that shows that the off-diagonal components of a rank-2 tensor gauge field $A_{ij}$ can arise as a lattice Peierls factor generated by the background antisymmetric 2-form gauge field. This framework has immediate applications: (i) it allows us to construct a manifestly topological quadrupolar response action given by a Dixmier-Douady invariant -- a generalization of a Chern number for 2-form gauge fields -- which makes plain the quantization of the quadrupole moment in the presence of certain crystal symmetries; (ii) it allows for a clearer interpretation of the rank-2 Berry phase calculation of the quadrupole moment; (iii) it allows for a proof of a generic Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem for dipole-conserving systems.
description: 23+2 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 9 of A novel function of FAF1, which induces dopaminergic neuronal death through cell-to-cell transmission
Creators: name: Gyeongrin Park
name: Bok-Seok Kim
name: Eunhee Kim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8 Figure S7. Recipient cell death was not changed in response to CMs of SH-SY5Y cells transtected with FAF1 with different tags. Donor cells were transfected with VC, no-tagged FAF1, and HA-FAF1 plasmid. At 24 h after transfection, the culture medium was replaced with serum-free medium, and the cells were cultured for 24 h. The CM was applied to recipient cells for 48 h. Heat-inactivated CM was boiled for 10 min. Cell death was determined by measuring PI uptake using a flow cytometer. Statistical comparisons were evaluated using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc analysis. **P
Internet Access and Use by Farm Households
Creators: name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Williams, Robert P.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Williams, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The Internet is a strategic technology because it has found application across virtually all sectors of the economy. The Internet has become an everyday part of rural life and is an important new technology in U.S. agriculture. This study uses information collected through the 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) to explore the adoption of computers with Internet access and Internet use by farm households. Results from this study suggest that adoption of computers with Internet access is positively related to age and educational level of the operator, off-farm business income, presence of a spouse, and regional location of the farm. Further, large farms and part-owner farms are more likely to adopt computers with Internet access. Internet use for the farm, household, or both is strongly related to the educational level of the operator and spouse, presence of teenagers in the household, farm size, and regional location of the farm.
NATIONAL DEMAND FOR FRESH ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL VEGETABLES: SCANNER DATA EVIDENCE
Creators: name: Zhang, Feng
name: Huang, Chung L.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Zhang, Feng
name: Huang, Chung L.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Epperson, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Using AC Nielsen scanner data on U.S. household consumption of selected fresh vegetables from 1999 to 2003, this study provides an overview of the organic fresh vegetable market by investigating market shares and price premiums of selected organic fresh vegetables and estimating the interrelationship between consumer demand for organic and conventional fresh vegetables. The linear Almost Ideal Demand System was found to fit the data best among other differential demand models.
Additional file 1 of Prediction of treatment failure and compliance in patients with tuberculosis
Creators: name: Hyeon-Kyoung Koo
name: Jinsoo Min
name: Kim, Hyung Woo
name: Joosun Lee
name: Kim, Ju Sang
name: Park, Jae Seuk
name: Lee, Sung-Soon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of characteristics between subjects with and without cavitary lesion on chest radiography. Table S2. Comparison of characteristics between compliant and non-compliant subjects. Figure S1. No association between age and body mass index in both sexes. Figure S2. Overlapping of non-compliance and presence of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis among subjects of treatment failure. Figure S3. Receiver operating curve for predicting treatment failure in subjects without multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
Distributed-Memory DMRG via Sparse and Dense Parallel Tensor Contractions
Creators: name: Levy, Ryan
name: Solomonik, Edgar
name: Clark, Bryan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) algorithm is a powerful tool for solving eigenvalue problems to model quantum systems. DMRG relies on tensor contractions and dense linear algebra to compute properties of condensed matter physics systems. However, its efficient parallel implementation is challenging due to limited concurrency, large memory footprint, and tensor sparsity. We mitigate these problems by implementing two new parallel approaches that handle block sparsity arising in DMRG, via Cyclops, a distributed memory tensor contraction library. We benchmark their performance on two physical systems using the Blue Waters and Stampede2 supercomputers. Our DMRG performance is improved by up to 5.9X in runtime and 99X in processing rate over ITensor, at roughly comparable computational resource use. This enables higher accuracy calculations via larger tensors for quantum state approximation. We demonstrate that despite having limited concurrency, DMRG is weakly scalable with the use of efficient parallel tensor contraction mechanisms.
Protein crystallization in vivo
Creators: name: Doye, Jonathan P. K.
name: Poon, Wilson C. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protein crystallization in vivo provides some fascinating examples of biological self-assembly. Here, we provide a selective survey to show the diversity of functions for which protein crystals are used, and the physical properties of the crystals thatare exploited. Where known, we emphasize how the nature of the protein-protein interactions leads to control of the crystallization behaviour.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Reference Array and Design Consideration for the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope
Creators: name: Doeleman, Sheperd S.
name: Barrett, John
name: Blackburn, Lindy
name: Bouman, Katherine
name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Chaves, Ryan
name: Fish, Vincent L.
name: Fitzpatrick, Garret
name: Fuentes, Antonio
name: Freeman, Mark
name: Gómez, José L.
name: Haworth, Kari
name: Houston, Janice
name: Issaoun, Sara
name: Johnson, Michael D.
name: Kettenis, Mark
name: Loinard, Laurent
name: Nagar, Neil
name: Narayanan, Gopal
name: Oppenheimer, Aaron
name: Palumbo, Daniel C. M.
name: Patel, Nimesh
name: Pesce, Dominic W.
name: Raymond, Alexander W.
name: Roelofs, Freek
name: Srinivasan, Ranjani
name: Tiede, Paul
name: Weintroub, Jonathan
name: Wielgus, Maciek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT). This program - the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) - will form a networked global array of radio dishes capable of making high-fidelity real-time movies of supermassive black holes (SMBH) and their emanating jets. This builds upon the EHT principally by deploying additional modest-diameter dishes to optimized geographic locations to enhance the current global mm/submm wavelength Very Long Baseline Interferometric (VLBI) array, which has, to date, utilized mostly pre-existing radio telescopes. The ngEHT program further focuses on observing at three frequencies simultaneously for increased sensitivity and Fourier spatial frequency coverage. Here, the concept, science goals, design considerations, station siting and instrument prototyping are discussed, and a preliminary reference array to be implemented in phases is described.
description: Submitted to the journal Galaxies
Additional file 1 of Clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones associated with gut microbiome structure in African and Asian elephants
Creators: name: Keady, Mia M.
name: Prado, Natalia
name: Lim, Haw Chuan
name: Brown, Janine
name: Paris, Steve
name: Muletz-Wolz, Carly R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Pilot study methods, results, and figures: effects of lyophilization on fecal sample microbiome structure.
UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY RELATIONSHIPS AND THE DESIGN OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Creators: name: Yang, Hui
name: Buccola, Steven T.
name: Yang, Hui
name: Buccola, Steven T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The central objective of the present paper is to examine how university bioscientists select their research agendas, with special attention to biotechnology firms' influence on those agendas. Among other issues, we will assess UIRs' potential effects on the private appropriability of the characteristics of bioengineered crop and animal varieties, and on the basicness and breadth of a scientist's research. Factors that potentially would affect scientists' research agenda include the university's size, reputation, resources, culture, and total government funding; the scientist's academic position and communication network; and the market power, cultures, and specialties of the biotech firms with which the university has research relationships. An electronic survey of academic life scientists, concentrating on their research objectives, funding sources, collaborators, contracts, and budgets, will form much of the data for testing these models.
Additional file 1 of Post-diagnostic antipsychotic use and cancer mortality: a population based cohort study
Creators: name: Hicks, Blánaid M.
name: Busby, John
name: Mills, Ken
name: O’Neil, Francis A.
name: McIntosh, Stuart A.
name: Zhang, Shu-Dong
name: Liberante, Fabio Giuseppe
name: Cardwell, Chris R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1 Table S1. Classification of Antipsychotics. Table S2. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios for the association between the use of antipsychotics and breast cancer-specific mortality by cumulative DDDs. Table S3. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios for the association between the use of antipsychotics in the year prior to diagnosis and breast cancer-specific mortality. Fig. S1. Figure illustrating exposure definitions for primary and sensitivity analyses.
Evidence for the Decay B+- --> K*+- pi0
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the process B+- --> (K*+- --> K+- pi0) pi0 based on 232 million Y(4S) --> BBbar decays collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. From a signal yield of 89 +- 26 events we obtain the branching fraction BR(B+- --> K*+- pi0)=[6.9 +- 2.0 (stat) +- 1.3 (syst)] x10^-6 with a statistical significance of 3.6 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties, and a charge asymmetry of 0.04 +- 0.29 (stat) +- 0.05 (syst).
description: 7 pages, 4 postscript figures, minor revisions, version as accepted by Phys Rev D - Rapid Comm
G(2)-Calogero-Moser Lax operators from reduction
Creators: name: Fring, Andreas
name: Manojlovic, Nenad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a Lax operator for the $G_2$-Calogero-Moser model by means of a double reduction procedure. In the first reduction step we reduce the $A_6$-model to a $B_3$-model with the help of an embedding of the $B_3$-root system into the $A_6$-root system together with the specification of certain coupling constants. The $G_2$-Lax operator is obtained thereafter by means of an additional reduction by exploiting the embedding of the $G_2$-system into the $B_3$-system. The degree of algebraically independent and non-vanishing charges is found to be equal to the degrees of the corresponding Lie algebra.
description: 12 pages, Latex
Additional file 1 of Experiences of sexual health in persons with hip and knee osteoarthritis: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Strid, Emma Nilsing
name: Ekelius-Hamping, Marie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide.
On the Trade-offs between Coverage Radius, Altitude and Beamwidth for Practical UAV Deployments
Creators: name: Qureshi, Haneya Naeem
name: Imran, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Current studies on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based cellular deployment consider UAVs as aerial base stations for air-to-ground communication. However, they analyze UAV coverage radius and altitude interplay while omitting or over-simplifying an important aspect of UAV deployment, i.e., effect of a realistic antenna pattern. This paper addresses the UAV deployment problem while using a realistic 3D directional antenna model. New trade-offs between UAV design space dimensions are revealed and analyzed in different scenarios. The sensitivity of coverage area to both antenna beamwidth and height is compared. The analysis is extended to multiple UAVs and a new packing scheme is proposed for multiple UAVs coverage that offers several advantages compared to prior approaches.
CHANGES IN CHINA'S URBAN FOOD CONSUMPTION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TRADE
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Wang, Qingbin
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Wang, Qingbin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Detailed data from 3,500 urban Chinese households are used to estimate demand elasticities and the impacts of regional and demographic variables for 17 food products through a two-stage budgeting procedure with complete demand systems. Results suggest that China's food consumption patterns will continue to shift from grains to high value food products and the ongoing transition in food consumption will affect China's domestic food markets and trade behavior.
Upper Limits on a Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: LIGO Scientific Collaboration
name: Abbott, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has performed a third science run with much improved sensitivities of all three interferometers. We present an analysis of approximately 200 hours of data acquired during this run, used to search for a stochastic background of gravitational radiation. We place upper bounds on the energy density stored as gravitational radiation for three different spectral power laws. For the flat spectrum, our limit of Omega_0<8.4e-4 in the 69-156 Hz band is ~10^5 times lower than the previous result in this frequency range.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures