cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spectral structure of X-shaped radio sources
Creators: name: Lal, Dharam Vir
name: Rao, A. Pramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope low frequency data for an X-shaped source, 3C 223.1 has revealed an unusual result as discussed earlier by Lal & Rao (2004, MNRAS in press). The radio morphologies of it at 240 and 610 MHz show a well-defined X-shaped structure with a pair of active jets along the north-south axis and a pair of wings along the east-west axis, that pass symmetrically through the undetected radio core. The wings (or low surface brightness jet) seem to have flatter spectral index with respect to the high surface brightness jet. This clearly shows the value of mapping the sample of X-shaped sources at low frequencies. Here we present our preliminary results for two more such sources.
description: 9 Pages, 12 figures. Refereed conference proceedings based on the talk delivered at the GS75 meeting held in NCRA, Pune, to honour Prof. Govind Swarup's 75th birthday
Poly (hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-methacryloyl glutamic acid) nanocarrier system for controlled release of levothyroxine
Creators: name: Ulucan-Karnak, Fulden
name: Kuru, Cansu İlke
name: Akgöl, Sinan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The deterioration in the structure of thyroid hormones causes many thyroid-related disorders, which leads to a negative effect on the quality of life, as well as the change in metabolic rate. For the treatment of thyroid disorders, daily use of levothyroxine-based medication is essential. In the study, it is aimed to develop a polymeric nanocarrier that can provide controlled drug release of levothyroxine. In this respect, the p(HEMA-MAGA) nanopolymer was synthesized and then characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Zeta size analysis. The specific surface area of the nanopolymer was calculated as 587.68 m2/g. The pH, temperature, concentration, and time parameters were determined for levothyroxine binding to p(HEMA-MAGA) and optimum binding was determined as pH 7.4, 25 °C, 25 µg/mL concentration, and 30 min adsorption time. As a result of the release performed at pH 7.4, a release profile was observed which increased for the first 3 days and continued for 14 days. According to the results of MTT cell viability analysis, it was determined that the p(HEMA-MAGA) nanopolymeric carrier system had no cytotoxic effect. This developed polymer-based nanocarrier system is suitable for long-term and controlled release of levothyroxine. This is a unique and novel study in terms of developing poly hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-methacryloyl glutamic acid-based polymeric nanoparticles for levothyroxine release. Affinity-based nanoparticles were developed for long-term and controlled release of levothyroxine. p(HEMA-MAGA) nanopolymer was synthesized and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Zeta size analysis. Optimization studies of levothyroxine binding into p(HEMA-MAGA) nanopolymers were carried out and controlled release studies were made with loading in optimum parameters. MTT cell viability analysis were performed for determining that the p(HEMA-MAGA) nanopolymeric carrier system had no cytotoxic effect.
Additional file 1 of Between uncertainty and destiny: the patient journey in axial spondyloarthritis care from the perspectives of patients and their relatives
Creators: name: May, Susann
name: Nordmann, Greta
name: Gabb, Franziska
name: Boy, Katharina
name: Wagner, Magali
name: Ohm, Niklas
name: Labinsky, Hanna
name: Knitza, Johannes
name: Kuhn, Sebastian
name: Heinze, Martin
name: Welcker, Martin
name: Muehlensiepen, Felix
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Feshbach resonance in a strictly two-dimensional atomic Bose gas
Creators: name: Rajagopal, K. K.
name: Vignolo, P.
name: Tosi, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the atom-atom scattering problem across a Feshbach resonance in a two-dimensional dilute Bose gas at zero temperature, in the limit where the s-wave scattering length exceeds the width of the vertical confinement. We determine a tunable coupling-strength parameter and by controlling it we evaluate how the condensate wave function spreads out with increasing atom-atom repulsions. We also discuss the stability of the condensate in the magnetic-field regime where the coupling has become attractive.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Sodium alginate-based nanofibers loaded with Capparis Sepiaria plant extract for wound healing
Creators: name: Ndlovu, Sindi P.
name: Motaung, Keolebogile S. C. M
name: Adeyemi, Samson A.
name: Ubanako, Philemon
name: Ngema, Lindokuhle
name: Fonkui, Thierry Y.
name: Ndinteh, Derek T.
name: Kumar, Pradeep
name: Choonara, Yahya E.
name: Aderibigbe, Blessing A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Burn wounds are associated with infections, drug resistance, allergic reactions, odour, bleeding, excess exudates, and scars, requiring prolonged hospital stay. It is crucial to develop wound dressings that can effectively combat allergic reactions and drug resistance, inhibit infections, and absorb excess exudates to accelerate wound healing. To overcome the above-mentioned problems associated with burn wounds, SA/PVA/PLGA/Capparis sepiaria and SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofibers incorporated with Capparis sepiaria plant extract were prepared using an electrospinning technique. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of the extract into the nanofibers without any interaction between the extract and the polymers. The nanofibers displayed porous morphology and a rough surface suitable for cellular adhesion and proliferation. SA/PVA/PLGA/Capparis sepiaria and SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofibers demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against wound infection-associated bacterial strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycobaterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus. Cytocompatibility studies using HaCaT cells revealed the non-toxicity of the nanofibers. SA/PVA/PLGA/Capparis sepiaria and SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofibers exhibited hemostatic properties, resulting from the synergistic effect of the plant extract and polymers. The in vitro scratch wound healing assay showed that the SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofiber wound-healing capability is more than the plant extract and a commercially available wound dressing. The wound-healing potential of SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofiber is attributed to the synergistic effect of the phytochemicals present in the extract, their porosity, and the ECM-mimicking structure of the nanofibers. The findings suggest that the electrospun nanofibers loaded with Capparis sepiaria extract are promising wound dressings that should be explored for burn wounds.
IN MEDICINE FROM ECHOPHRAPHY USE
Creators: name: Bobokulova, Muxtaram
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: " Exophraphy " medicine in the field initial  physical structures more explanation , analysis to do , to treat development , surgery and another in the fields used research and treatment methods in search of is used . Echophraphy , mainly , tuberculosis , different infectious diseases and traumas with depends organs and physical structures in determining used. Of exophraphy different different methods there is from them _ use to problems against coming circumstances determination and his instead of coming tools designation for application can _ Echophraphy results based on doctors , science development , hospitals _ and treatment laboratories  convenience with working diagnosis tools as is used .
Personal+Context navigation: combining AR and shared displays in network path-following
Creators: name: James, Raphaël
name: Bezerianos, Anastasia
name: Chapuis, Olivier
name: Cordeil, Maxime
name: Dwyer, Tim
name: Prouzeau, Arnaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Shared displays are well suited to public viewing and collaboration, however they lack personal space to view private information and act without disturbing others. Combining them with Augmented Reality (AR) headsets allows interaction without altering the context on the shared display. We study a set of such interaction techniques in the context of network navigation, in particular path following, an important network analysis task. Applications abound, for example planning private trips on a network map shown on a public display.The proposed techniques allow for hands-free interaction, rendering visual aids inside the headset, in order to help the viewer maintain a connection between the AR cursor and the network that is only shown on the shared display. In two experiments on path following, we found that adding persistent connections between the AR cursor and the network on the shared display works well for high precision tasks, but more transient connections work best for lower precision tasks. More broadly, we show that combining personal AR interaction with shared displays is feasible for network navigation.
Additional file 2 of Exploring prevention and mitigation strategies to reduce the health impacts of occupational exposure to wildfires for wildland firefighters and related personnel: protocol of a scoping study
Creators: name: Koopmans, Erica
name: Fyfe, Trina
name: Eadie, Mike
name: Pelletier, Chelsea A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Literature Search Strategy.
Notes on Applying Real Options to Climate Change Adaptation Measures, with examples from Vietnam
Creators: name: Dobes, Leo
name: Dobes, Leo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A factor common to all adaptation measures is the uncertainty that is the hallmark of climate change. The timing, intensity and location of climate change impacts is not known to any degree of precision. Because most deterministic analyses and policy prescriptions ignore this uncertainty, their recommendations are likely to waste community resources. Except by chance, adaptation measures will either be over-engineered, or they will be inadequate and result in harm. Applying real options thinking allows an incremental and flexible approach. Adaptation measures are implemented only as better knowledge becomes available over time. Several examples are given of real options in the Mekong Delta, with a comparison of net present values of two housing alternatives. It is essential to undertake net present value calculations when comparing different projects to ensure that the value of any options is weighed against other costs and benefits.
Exact results on spin dynamics and multiple quantum dynamics in alternating spin-1/2 chains with XY-Hamiltonian at high temperatures
Creators: name: Fel'dman, E. B.
name: Rudavets, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the picture of a transfer of nuclear spin-1/2 polarization along a homogeneous one-dimensional chain with the XY-Hamiltonian to the inhomogeneous chain with alternating nearest neighbour couplings and alternating Larmor frequencies. To this end, we calculate exactly the spectrum of the spin-1/2 XY-Hamiltonian of the alternating chain with an odd number of sites. The exact spectrum of the XY-Hamiltonian is also applied to study the multiple quantum (MQ) NMR dynamics of the alternating spin-1/2 chain. MQ NMR spectra are shown to have the MQ coherences of zero and $\pm$ second orders just as in the case of a homogeneous chain. The intensities of the MQ coherences are calculated.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Choice Experiment Framing and Incentive Compatibility: observations from public focus groups
Creators: name: McCartney, Abbie
name: Cleland, Jonelle
name: McCartney, Abbie
name: Cleland, Jonelle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The hypothetical nature of choice modelling surveys makes it difficult to enforce incentive compatible properties. It is thought that bias may result through strategic behaviour and untruthful responses, given that the hypothetical choice scenarios and payment structure are not binding. This study examines three methods of addressing incentive compatibility through survey framing: (1) a statement of consequence; (2) use of an ‘honesty’ script that openly explains how the data are to be analysed and used; and (3) use of a provision rule that defines how survey outcomes relate to actual implementation. Focus groups, involving members of the public, were held to investigate participants’ reactions to the three framing treatments. The provision rule emerged as the preferred treatment in terms of being more realistic than the alternatives. The rule did not need to be 100% binding to have the desired effect of inducing realism. However, the participants did not believe that their responses to the choice scenarios would have changed between framing treatments. Empirical testing is required to determine if this is actually the case. Other reassuring results were found in relation to how participants interpreted the general choice scenario instructions, particularly in terms of answering questions independently and as an individual consumer. This provides evidence that respondents make choices in response to the questions as they are intended by the researcher.
Irreversibility and Chaos in Active Particle Suspensions
Creators: name: Chibbaro, Sergio
name: Decoene, Astrid
name: Martin, Sebastien
name: Vergnet, Fabien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active matter has been the object of huge amount of research in recent years for its important fundamental and applicative properties. In this paper we investigate active suspensions of micro-swimmers through direct numerical simulation, so that no approximation is made at the continuous level other than the numerical one. We consider both pusher and puller organisms, with a spherical or ellipsoidal shape. We analyse the velocity and the characteristic scales for an homogeneous two-dimensional suspension and the effective viscosity under shear. We bring evidences that the complex features displayed are related to a spontaneous breaking of the time-reversal symmetry. We show that chaos is not a key ingredient, whereas a large enough number of interacting particles and a non-spherical shape are needed to break the symmetry and are therefore at the basis of the phenomenology. Our numerical study also shows that pullers display some collective motion, though with different characteristics from pushers.
Preparation of fibre-reinforced PLA-collagen@PLA-PCL@PCL-gelatin three-layer vascular graft by EDC/NHS cross-linking and its performance study
Creators: name: Xiong, Yue
name: Lu, Xingjian
name: Ma, Xiaoman
name: Cao, Jun
name: Pan, Jiaqi
name: Li, Chaorong
name: Zheng, Yingying
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Space Science
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology

description: In this study, a three-layer small diameter artificial vascular graft with a structure similar to that of natural blood vessels was first constructed by triple-step electrospinning technology, in which polylactic acid (PLA) and collagen (COL) were used for the inner layer, polylactic acid and polycaprolactone (PCL) was used for the middle layer and polycaprolactone and gelatin was used for the outer layer. The properties of the artificial vascular graft were adjusted by the EDC/NHS cross-linking agent through the reaction between the collagen or gelatine and EDC/NHS. The mechanical and hydrophilic properties of the cross-linked artificial vessels were substantially enhanced, with a maximum stress of 9.56 MPa in the axial direction and 9.31 MPa in the radial direction for the P/C (4:1) vascular graft, which exceeded that of many textile-based and natural vascular grafts. The increased hydrophilicity of the inner layer of the vessel before crosslinking was due to the addition of COL, and the inner layer of the artificial vessel after crosslinking had a substantial increase in hydrophilicity due to the production of a more hydrophilic urea derivative. The increased hydrophilicity led to easier cell adhesion to the inner layer of the artificial vessel, especially for the P/C (2:1) vascular graft, where the cell proliferation rate and adhesion were high due to COL incorporation and cross-linking. The three-layer vascular grafts studied did not lead to haemolysis. Therefore, the EDC/NHS cross-linked three-layer vascular graft had good mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, anticoagulation and could enhance cell adhesion and proliferation.
Putting the Spotlight on Attribute Definition: Divergence Between Experts and the Public
Creators: name: Cleland, Jonelle
name: McCartney, Abbie
name: Cleland, Jonelle
name: McCartney, Abbie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: One of the key stages of designing a choice experiment is to define the attributes of interest. The attributes chosen essentially influence all subsequent activities carried out in a choice study. Surprisingly, the process of attribute definition is not the subject of critical and ongoing inquiry. In the context of informing policy, the choice modelling literature suggests that a given set of attributes should (1) reflect public interests, (2) have a sound scientific basis, and (3) provide useful information to end-users. Fulfilling all criteria presents a challenging task to researchers. Conflicts between criteria are possible, and there are currently no guidelines to assist researchers in negotiating their way through potentially competing sets of information and viewpoints. We investigated the potential for divergence between members of the public and scientific experts. The investigation was carried out across three environmental systems which differed according to their scale and institutional setting. The results showed that attribute definitions do indeed diverge. Critical points of divergence observed across all case studies included: the way in which the public and experts defined attributes that represented the biodiversity of the system; the public’s inclusion of attributes that represented the terrestrial/marine interface; and the public’s inclination to aggregate attributes when asked to choose their top picks. A number of additional points of divergence were observed, but these were case specific.
Star Formation Histories in the Local Group
Creators: name: Brown, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep color magnitude diagrams extending to the main sequence provide the most direct measure of the detailed star formation history in a stellar population. With large investments of observing time, HST can obtain such data for populations out to 1 Mpc, but its field of view is extremely small in comparison to the size of Local Group galaxies. This limitation severely constrains our understanding of galaxy formation. For example, the largest galaxy in the Local Group, Andromeda, offers an ideal laboratory for studying the formation of large spiral galaxies, but the galaxy shows substructure on a variety of scales, presumably due to its violent merger history. Within its remaining lifetime, HST can only sample a few sight-lines through this complex galaxy. In contrast, a wide field imager could provide a map of Andromeda's halo, outer disk, and tidal streams, revealing the spatially-dependent star formation history in each structure. The same data would enable many secondary studies, such as the age variation in Andromeda's globular cluster system, gigantic samples of variable stars, and microlensing tracers of the galaxy's dark matter distribution.
description: 4 pages, 2 color figures, latex. To appear in the conference proceedings of "Wide Field Imaging from Space" published in New Astronomy Reviews, ed. T. McKay, A. Fruchter, & E. Lindler
Additional file 2 of Between uncertainty and destiny: the patient journey in axial spondyloarthritis care from the perspectives of patients and their relatives
Creators: name: May, Susann
name: Nordmann, Greta
name: Gabb, Franziska
name: Boy, Katharina
name: Wagner, Magali
name: Ohm, Niklas
name: Labinsky, Hanna
name: Knitza, Johannes
name: Kuhn, Sebastian
name: Heinze, Martin
name: Welcker, Martin
name: Muehlensiepen, Felix
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 2
Phonon Knudsen flow in nanostructured semiconductor systems
Creators: name: Ziambaras, Eleni
name: Hyldgaard, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the size effect on the lattice thermal conductivity of nanoscale wire and multilayer structures formed in and by some typical semiconductor materials, using the Boltzmann transport equation and focusing on the Knudsen flow effect. For both types of nanostructured systems we find that the phonon transport is reduced significantly below the bulk value by boundary scattering off interface defects and/or interface modes. The Knudsen flow effects are important for almost all types of semiconductor nanostructures but we find them most pronounced in Si and SiC systems due to the very large phonon mean-free paths. We apply and test our wire thermal-transport results to recent measurements on Si nanowires. We further investigate and predict size effects in typical multilayered SiC nanostructures, for example, a doped-SiC/SiC/SiO$_2$ layered structure that could define the transport channel in a nanosize transistor. Here the phonon-interface scattering produces a heterostructure thermal conductivity smaller than what is predicted in a traditional heat-transport calculation, suggesting a breakdown of the traditional Fourier analysis even at room temperatures. Finally, we show that the effective thermal transport in a SiC/SiO$_2$ heterostructure is sensitive to the oxide depth and could thus be used as an in-situ probe of the SiC oxidation progress.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures. (Submitted to Journal of Applied Physics)
The multiwavelength counterparts of fast radio bursts
Creators: name: Chen, Ge
name: Ravi, Vikram
name: Lu, Wenbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The engines that produce extragalactic fast radio bursts (FRBs), and the mechanism by which the emission is generated, remain unknown. Many FRB models predict prompt multi-wavelength counterparts, which can be used to refine our knowledge of these fundamentals of the FRB phenomenon. However, several previous targeted searches for prompt FRB counterparts have yielded no detections, and have additionally not reached sufficient sensitivity with respect to the predictions. In this work, we demonstrate a technique to estimate the ratio, $η$, between the energy outputs of FRB counterparts at various wavelengths and the radio-wavelength emission. Our technique combines the fluence distribution of the FRB population with results from several wide-field blind surveys for fast transients from the optical to the TeV bands. We present constraints on $η$ that improve upon previous observations even in the case that all unclassified transient events in existing surveys are FRB counterparts. In some scenarios for the FRB engine and emission mechanism, we find that FRB counterparts should have already been detected, thus demonstrating that our technique can successfully test predictions for $η$. However, it is possible that FRB counterparts are lurking amongst catalogs of unclassified transient events. Although our technique is robust to the present uncertainty in the FRB fluence distribution, its ultimate application to accurately estimate or bound $η$ will require the careful analysis of all candidate fast-transient events in multi-wavelength survey data sets.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, submitted to ApJ
title: Laser projection tracking
Creators: name: Krier, Alain
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: tracking
subject: inside-out
subject: 6dof
subject: infrared
subject: laser projection
subject: pose estimation
subject: virtual reality
subject: augmented reality

description: This thesis describes the development of a positional tracking library with 6 degrees of freedom (position and orientation). It works by projecting a randomized set of infrared dots on a wall or ceiling. A camera is then attached to the users head-mounted display or any other object that should be tracked (inside-out tracking). By matching the infrared dots captured by the camera with the reference pattern of the infrared dots that got projected on the wall/ceiling, the camera pose can be estimated.
Additional file 3 of Can we optimise doxorubicin treatment regimens for children with cancer? Pharmacokinetic simulations and a Delphi consensus procedure
Creators: name: Siebel, Christian
name: Würthwein, Gudrun
name: Lanvers-Kaminsky, Claudia
name: André, Nicolas
name: Berthold, Frank
name: Castelli, Ilaria
name: Chastagner, Pascal
name: Doz, François
name: English, Martin
name: Escherich, Gabriele
name: Frühwald, Michael C.
name: Graf, Norbert
name: Groll, Andreas H.
name: Ruggiero, Antonio
name: Hempel, Georg
name: Boos, Joachim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Demographics of the 94 patients from the EPOC-MS-001-Doxo trial.
Accelerated Convergence for Counterfactual Learning to Rank
Creators: name: Jagerman, Rolf
name: de Rijke, Maarten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Counterfactual Learning to Rank (LTR) algorithms learn a ranking model from logged user interactions, often collected using a production system. Employing such an offline learning approach has many benefits compared to an online one, but it is challenging as user feedback often contains high levels of bias. Unbiased LTR uses Inverse Propensity Scoring (IPS) to enable unbiased learning from logged user interactions. One of the major difficulties in applying Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) approaches to counterfactual learning problems is the large variance introduced by the propensity weights. In this paper we show that the convergence rate of SGD approaches with IPS-weighted gradients suffers from the large variance introduced by the IPS weights: convergence is slow, especially when there are large IPS weights. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel learning algorithm, called CounterSample, that has provably better convergence than standard IPS-weighted gradient descent methods. We prove that CounterSample converges faster and complement our theoretical findings with empirical results by performing extensive experimentation in a number of biased LTR scenarios -- across optimizers, batch sizes, and different degrees of position bias.
description: SIGIR 2020 full conference paper
The SZ effect from cluster cavities
Creators: name: Colafrancesco, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we derive the SZ effect (SZE) observable in the direction of the giant X-ray cavities found in the atmospheres of galaxy clusters. We explore specifically the case of the cluster MS0735.6+7421. The SZE produced in the cavities embedded in the cluster thermal atmosphere is of non-thermal nature: it dominates the overall cluster SZE at the frequency x_{0,th} - at which the thermal SZE from the cluster vanishes - and appears, at mm and sub-mm frequencies, as a negative SZE located only in the regions of the intracluster space occupied by the cavities. We show that SZ observations, combined with X-ray and radio data, are able to shed light on the morphology, on the physical structure, on the dynamics and the origin of these recently discovered non-thermal features of galaxy clusters. These studies will be also relevant to determine the impact of specific events of the nature of cavities on the use of SZ and X-ray clusters as probes for cosmology and for the large scale structure of the universe.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, A&A Letters in press
Comparing the Copenhagen emissions targets
Creators: name: Jotzo, Frank
name: Jotzo, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Copenhagen Accord
subject: emissions targets
subject: emissions intensity
subject: business-as-usual
subject: cross-country comparison.

description: Following the Copenhagen climate Accord, developed and developing countries have pledged to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, emissions intensity or emissions relative to baseline. This analysis puts the targets for the major countries on a common footing, and compares them across different metrics. Targeted changes in absolute emissions differ markedly between countries, with continued strong increases in some developing countries but significant decreases in others including Indonesia, Brazil and South Africa, provided reasonable baseline projections are used. Differences are smaller when emissions are expressed in per capita terms. Reductions in emissions intensity of economies implicit in the targets are remarkably similar across developed and developing countries, with China's emissions intensity target spanning almost the same range as the implicit intensity reductions in the United States, EU, Japan, Australia and Canada. Targeted deviations from business-as-usual are also remarkably similar across countries, and the majority of total global reductions relative to baselines may originate from China and other developing countries. The findings suggest that targets for most major countries are broadly compatible in important metrics, and that while the overall global ambition falls short of a two degree trajectory, the targets by key developing countries including China can be considered commensurate in the context of what developed countries have pledged.
The Spatial Agent-based Competition Model (SpAbCoM)
Creators: name: Graubner, Marten
name: Graubner, Marten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Agent-based modelling
subject: genetic algorithms
subject: spatial pricing
subject: location model
subject: Agent-basierte Modellierung
subject: Genetische Algorithmen
subject: räumliche Preissetzung
subject: Standortmodell

description: The paper presents a detailed documentation of the underlying concepts and methods of the Spatial Agent-based Competition Model (SpAbCoM). For instance, SpAbCoM is used to study firms’ choices of spatial pricing policy (GRAUBNER et al., 2011a) or pricing and location under a framework of multi-firm spatial competition and two-dimensional markets (GRAUBNER et al., 2011b). While the simulation model is briefly introduced by means of relevant examples within the corresponding papers, the present paper serves two objectives. First, it presents a detailed discussion of the computational concepts that are used, particularly with respect to genetic algorithms (GAs). Second, it documents SpAbCoM and provides an overview of the structure of the simulation model and its dynamics. Das vorliegende Papier dokumentiert die zugrundeliegenden Konzepte und Methoden des Räumlichen Agenten-basierten Wettbewerbsmodells (Spatial Agent-based Competition Model)SpAbCoM. Anwendungsbeispiele dieses Simulationsmodells untersuchen die Entscheidung bezüglich der räumlichen Preisstrategie von Unternehmen (GRAUBNER et al., 2011a) oder Preissetzung und Standortwahl im Rahmen eines räumlichen Wettbewerbsmodells, welches mehr als einen Wettbewerber und zweidimensionalen Marktgebiete berücksichtigt. Während das Simulationsmodell in den jeweiligen Arbeiten kurz anhand eines Beispiels eingeführt wird, dient das vorliegende Papier zwei Zielen. Zum Einen sollen die verwendeten computergestützten Konzepte, hier speziell Genetische Algorithmen (GA), detailliert vorgestellt werden. Zum Anderen besteht die Absicht dieser Dokumentation darin, einen Überblick über die Struktur von SpAbCoM und die während einer Simulation ablaufenden Prozesse zu gegeben.
Additional file 1 of Maternal plasma cortisol’s effect on offspring birth weight: a Mendelian Randomisation study
Creators: name: Thompson, WD
name: Reynolds, RM
name: Beaumont, RN
name: Warrington, NM
name: Tyrrell, J
name: Wood, AR
name: Evans, DM
name: McDonald, TJ
name: Hattersley, AH
name: Freathy, RM
name: Lawlor, DA
name: Borges, MC
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Quantum energy inequalities in two dimensions
Creators: name: Fewster, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum energy inequalities (QEIs) were established by Flanagan for the massless scalar field on two-dimensional Lorentzian spacetimes globally conformal to Minkowski space. We extend his result to all two-dimensional globally hyperbolic Lorentzian spacetimes and use it to show that flat spacetime QEIs give a good approximation to the curved spacetime results on sampling timescales short in comparison with natural geometric scales. This is relevant to the application of QEIs to constrain exotic spacetime metrics.
description: 4 pages, REVTeX. This is an expanded version of a portion of gr-qc/0409043. To appear in Phys Rev D
Computing the Real Isolated Points of an Algebraic Hypersurface
Creators: name: Le, Huu Phuoc
name: Din, Mohab Safey El
name: de Wolff, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Let $\mathbb{R}$ be the field of real numbers. We consider the problem of computing the real isolated points of a real algebraic set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ given as the vanishing set of a polynomial system. This problem plays an important role for studying rigidity properties of mechanism in material designs. In this paper, we design an algorithm which solves this problem. It is based on the computations of critical points as well as roadmaps for answering connectivity queries in real algebraic sets. This leads to a probabilistic algorithm of complexity $(nd)^{O(n\log(n))}$ for computing the real isolated points of real algebraic hypersurfaces of degree $d$. It allows us to solve in practice instances which are out of reach of the state-of-the-art.
description: Conference paper ISSAC 2020
Generating qudits with d=3,4 encoded on two-photon states
Creators: name: D'Ariano, Giacomo Mauro
name: Mataloni, Paolo
name: Sacchi, Massimiliano F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental method to engineer arbitrary pure states of qudits with d=3,4 using linear optics and a single nonlinear crystal.
description: 4 pages, 1 eps figure. Minor changes. The title has been changed for publication on Physical Review A
Additional file 1 of Exploring the landscape of health technology assessment in Iran: perspectives from stakeholders on needs, demand and supply
Creators: name: Aryankhesal, Aidin
name: Behzadifar, Meysam
name: Bakhtiari, Ahad
name: Shahabi, Saeed
name: Azari, Samad
name: Darvishi Teli, Banafshe
name: Rezapour, Aziz
name: Ehsanzadeh, Seyed Jafar
name: Behzadifar, Masoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire.
Renormalizing the Schwinger-Dyson equations in the auxiliary field formulation of $λϕ^4$ field theory
Creators: name: Cooper, Fred
name: Mihaila, Bogdan
name: Dawson, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the renormalization of the Schwinger-Dyson equations that arise in the auxiliary field formulation of the O(N) $ϕ^4$ field theory. The auxiliary field formulation allows a simple interpretation of the large-N expansion as a loop expansion of the generating functional in the auxiliary field $χ$, once the effective action is obtained by integrating over the $ϕ$ fields. Our all orders result is then used to obtain finite renormalized Schwinger-Dyson equations based on truncation expansions which utilize the two-particle irreducible (2-PI) generating function formalism. We first do an all orders renormalization of the two- and three-point function equations in the vacuum sector. This result is then used to obtain explicitly finite and renormalization constant independent self-consistent S-D equations valid to order~1/N, in both 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions. We compare the results for the real and imaginary parts of the renormalized Green's functions with the related \emph{sunset} approximation to the 2-PI equations discussed by Van Hees and Knoll, and comment on the importance of the Landau pole effect.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Is population growth conducive to the sustainability of cooperation?
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Jakubek, Marcin
name: Stark, Oded
name: Jakubek, Marcin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Population growth
subject: Imitation
subject: Sustainability of cooperation

description: This paper asks whether population growth is conducive to the sustainability of cooperation. A simple model is developed in which farmers who live around a circular lake engage in trade with their adjacent neighbors. The payoffs from this activity are governed by a prisoner’s dilemma “rule of engagement.” Every farmer has one son when the population is not growing, or two sons when it is growing. In the former case, the son takes over the farm when his father dies. In the latter case, one son stays on his father’s farm, whereas the other son settles around another lake, along with the “other” sons of the other farmers. During his childhood, each son observes the strategies and the payoffs of his father and of the trading partners of his father, and imitates the most successful strategy when starting farming on his own. Then mutant defectors are introduced into an all-cooperator community. The defector strategy may spread. A comparison is drawn between the impact in terms of the sustainability of cooperation of the appearance of the mutants in a population that is not growing, and in one that is growing. It is shown that the ex-ante probability of sustaining the cooperation strategy is higher for a community that is growing than for a stagnant community.
Homogenization of hydrodynamic transport in Dirac fluids
Creators: name: Bal, Guillaume
name: Lucas, Andrew
name: Luskin, Mitchell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale electrical and thermal currents in ordinary metals are well approximated by effective medium theory: global transport properties are governed by the solution to homogenized coupled diffusion equations. In some metals, including the Dirac fluid of nearly charge neutral graphene, microscopic transport is not governed by diffusion, but by a more complicated set of linearized hydrodynamic equations, which form a system of degenerate elliptic equations coupled with the Stokes equation for fluid velocity. In sufficiently inhomogeneous media, these hydrodynamic equations reduce to homogenized diffusion equations. We re-cast the hydrodynamic transport equations as the infimum of a functional over conserved currents, and present a functional framework to model and compute the homogenized diffusion tensor relating electrical and thermal currents to charge and temperature gradients. We generalize to this system two well-known results in homogenization theory: Tartar's proof of local convergence to the homogenized theory in periodic and highly oscillatory media, and sub-additivity of the above functional in random media with highly oscillatory, stationary and ergodic coefficients.
description: 27 pages
Reshuffling spins with short range interactions: When sociophysics produces physical results
Creators: name: Sousa, A. O.
name: Malarz, K.
name: Galam, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galam reshuffling introduced in opinion dynamics models is investigated under the nearest neighbor Ising model on a square lattice using Monte Carlo simulations. While the corresponding Galam analytical critical temperature T_C \approx 3.09 [J/k_B] is recovered almost exactly, it is proved to be different from both values, not reshuffled (T_C=2/arcsinh(1) \approx 2.27 [J/k_B]) and mean-field (T_C=4 [J/k_B]). On this basis, gradual reshuffling is studied as function of 0 \leq p \leq 1 where p measures the probability of spin reshuffling after each Monte Carlo step. The variation of T_C as function of p is obtained and exhibits a non-linear behavior. The simplest Solomon network realization is noted to reproduce Galam p=1 result. Similarly to the critical temperature, critical exponents are found to differ from both, the classical Ising case and the mean-field values.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures in 6 eps files, to appear in IJMPC
The merger of populations, the incidence of marriages, and aggregate unhappiness
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Rendl, Franz
name: Jakubek, Marcin
name: Stark, Oded
name: Rendl, Franz
name: Jakubek, Marcin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Merger of populations
subject: Integration of societies
subject: Unhappiness
subject: Marriages
subject: Relative deprivation

description: Let a society’s unhappiness be measured by the aggregate of the levels of relative deprivation of its members. When two societies of equal size, F and M, merge, unhappiness in the merged society is shown to be higher than the sum of the levels of unhappiness in the constituent societies when apart; merger alone increases unhappiness. But when societies F and M merge and marriages are formed such that the number of households in the merged society is equal to the number of individuals in one of the constituent societies, unhappiness in the merged society is shown to be lower than the aggregate unhappiness in the two constituent societies when apart. This result obtains regardless of which individuals from one society form households with which individuals from the other, and even when the marriages have not (or not yet) led to income gains to the married couples from increased efficiency, scale economies, and the like. While there are various psychological reasons for people to become happier when they get married as opposed to staying single, the very formation of households reduces social distress even before any other happiness-generating factors kick in.
UMA REVISITA AO TEMA DAS FUNÇÕES DA AGRICULTURA NO PROCESSO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO
Creators: name: Conceicao, Junia Cristina Peres Rodrigues Da
name: Conceicao, Pedro Henrique Zuchi Da
name: Conceicao, Junia Cristina Peres Rodrigues Da
name: Conceicao, Pedro Henrique Zuchi Da
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: International Development

description: O trabalho tem como objetivo discutir as funções da agricultura no processo de desenvolvimento econômico do país. São relembrados textos clássicos que discutem esta questão como os de Jonhston & Mellor, Hayami & Ruttan, Schultz, De Janvry e são introduzidas questões contemporâneas acerca dos papéis da agricultura no processo de desenvolvimento.---------------------------------------------The paper aims to discuss the roles of Agricultural in the development process of a country. Some classical texts are remembered as Jonhston & Mellor, Hayami & Ruttan, Schultz, De Janvry besides this some contemporaneous questions about the development are also put in discussion.