cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Risk-adjusted information content in option prices
Creators: name: Panda, Durga Prasad
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: There are many measures to price an option. This dissertation investigates a risk-adjusted measure to price the option with an alternative numeraire that retains the expected return of the underlying in the pricing equation. This model is consistent with the Black-Scholes model when their assumptions are imposed and is consistent with the standard capital asset pricing model. Unlike many asset pricing models that rely on historical data, we provide a forward-looking approach for extracting the ex ante return distribution parameters of the underlying from option prices.     Using this framework and observing the market prices of options, we jointly extract implied return and implied volatility of the underlying assets for different days-to-maturity using a grid search method of global optima. Our approach does not use a preference structure or information about the market such as the market risk premium to estimate the expected return of the underlying asset. We find that when there are not many near-the-money traded options available our approach provides a better solution to forecast future volatility than the Black-Scholes implied volatility. Further, our results show that option prices reflect a higher expectation of stock return in the short-term, but a lower expectation of stock return in the long-term that is robust to many alternative tests. We further find that ex ante expected returns have a positive and significant cross-sectional relation with ex ante betas even in the presence of firm size, book-to-market, and momentum. The cross-sectional regression estimate of ex ante market risk premium has a statistical significance as well as an economic significance in that it contains significant forward-looking information on future macroeconomic conditions. Furthermore, in an ex ante world, firm size is still negatively significant, but book-to-market is also negatively significant, which is the opposite of the ex post results. Our risk-adjusted approach provides a framework for extraction of ex ante information from option prices with alternative assumptions of stochastic processes. In this vein, we provide a risk-adjusted stochastic volatility pricing model and discuss its estimation process.
Genetic Characterization and Receptor Binding analysis of a Novel H5N1 HPAI Virus with a H6Nx-Derived PA Gene in Guangdong, China
Creators: name: He, Jieheng
name: Liu, Jing
name: Yan, Zhanfei
name: Chen, Gaojie
name: Liu, Runzhi
name: Yang, Yu
name: Yan, Yulin
name: Yuan, Sheng
name: Guo, Jinyue
name: Li, Yong
name: Yu, Hai
name: Liang, Zhaoping
name: Ren, Tao
name: Huang, Shujian
name: Wen, Feng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Genetic Characterization and Receptor Binding analysis of a Novel H5N1 HPAI Virus with a H6Nx-Derived PA Gene in Guangdong, China
Djeboa depressa Pesic, Cook & Gerecke, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Cook, David
name: Gerecke, Reinhard
name: Smit, Harry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Mideopsidae
Djeboa
Djeboa depressa

description: Djeboa depressa Pešić, Cook & Gerecke sp. nov.
(Figs. 15A–E, 37D)
Type series: Holotype male, dissected and slide mounted, Côte d’Ivoire, River N’zi near Tinbé (T) drift day, 12.ix.1977 Statzner.
Diagnosis: Dorsal shield elliptical (L/W ratio 1.2), lateral ridges weakly pronounced, running near lateral border of shield; muscle scars without developed thickenings, visible only as small granulated areas (Fig. 37D); gnathosomal bay V-shaped; tips of Cx-I extending slightly beyond frontal margin; medial margin of Cx-IV well developed. Palp as shown in Fig. 15C; P-1 with a dorsal seta; P-2 with straight ventral and strongly convexly bowed dorsal margins; P-3 ventral margin with a small basal hump, from here to distal end straight and nearly same height; P-4 ventral margin almost straight, proximally thicker than distally. Legs: I-L (Fig. 15D) with I-L-6 dL/H ratio 3.5–3.9, ventral and dorsal margins subparallel; IV-L-4-6: Fig. 15E; swimming setae numbers: III-L-5, 4; IV- L-4, 4; IV-L-5, 4.
Description:
Male (holotype): Idiosoma (ventral view: Fig. 15B) L/W 547/512. Dorsal shield (Figs. 15A, 37D) L/W 478/ 398, L/W ratio 1.2; gnathosomal bay L 86. Gonopore L/W 94/17. Palp: total L 193-199; L/H, L/H ratio: P-1, 25/28, 0.9; P-2, 53-56/41-42, 1.3; P-3, 43-46/25-27, 1.6-1.9; P-4, 55/18-19, 2.9-3.0; P-5, 17/8, 2.2; chelicera total L 101; gnathosoma vL 100. Legs: dL of I-L-2-6: 59, 68, 72, 92, 109-113; I-L-6 H 29-31, I-L-6 L/H ratio 3.5-3.9; dL of IV- L-4-6: 98, 116, 143.
Female: Unknown.
Etymology: Named for the depression of the dorsal shield.
Discussion: The combination of almost lacking muscle scars on dorsal shield and a relatively long P-3 (approximately long as P-4) with nearly the same height from base to tip (except for the proximoventral bulge), separates Djeboa depressa sp. nov. from all other species of the genus having an V-shaped gnathosomal bay.
Distribution: Côte d’Ivoire; known only from the type locality.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Cook, David, Gerecke, Reinhard & Smit, Harry, 2013, The water mite family Mideopsidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia): a contribution to the diversity in the Afrotropical region and taxonomic changes above species level, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 3720 (1) on pages 28-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3720.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/285029
Treatment  matching for reentering substance-abusing offenders
Creators: name: Hamilton, Zachary
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Matching offenders to appropriate treatment interventions is important for the provision of an effective continuum of care. Although prior research has conceptualized substance abusing offenders as a heterogeneous population, little research has attempted to utilize typological assessments to determine whether certain "types" of substance-abusing offenders are better suited for a particular style of intervention. The current study used a sample population of offenders released from New Jersey prisons to halfway house interventions. Based on assessments administered prior to halfway house admission, a set of intervention groups were established using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), which identified several classes or "types" of substance abusing offenders. The resulting classification was then utilized to identify specific responsivity among four program orientations: Therapeutic Community, 12-Step, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Rehabilitation programs. A proposed matching strategy was identified for class-program interactions based on Cox regression model findings. Policy implications describe extensions of the study methodology and resource allocations for substance-abusing offender populations in need of community interventions.
Offshoring and outsourcing of core corporate activities
Creators: name: Thakur, Pooja
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: This dissertation examines the offshoring and outsourcing of core activities in the pharmaceutical industry. Using primary and secondary data sources, the dissertation adopts a multi-level approach to examine four research questions related to the sourcing strategies of core activities such as clinical trials. Specifically, I look at operational and strategic factors that influence the decision to relocate core activities both organizationally (in-house versus external vendors) and geographically (activities conducted in home nation versus trials in foreign countries). Drawing on Dunning's framework, the dissertation next examines the role of four motives (resource, market, efficiency and strategic asset seeking) in the offshoring decisions while distinguishing between offshore outsourcing and offshoring to foreign affiliates. Using multiple case studies, the third study further investigates the evolution of firms sourcing strategies from conducting core activities in-house to increasingly outsourcing and offshoring them. The final study in the dissertation examines the impact of offshoring and outsourcing on the performance of core activities.   Data for this dissertation comes from multiple sources: Primary data from in-depth structured interviews and online survey of vice presidents of clinical affairs of pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, as well as secondary data from Medidata, Orbis, and World Development Indicators.   The dissertation offers evidence that firms tend to use different sourcing strategies for different motives. Specifically, offshoring to foreign affiliates is primarily driven by strategic factors and firms tend to prefer this strategy for strategic asset seeking purposes. Offshore outsourcing on the other hand is motivated by resource and efficiency seeking behavior and the important determinants for this strategy are mainly operational. The third type of sourcing strategy is domestic outsourcing and firms are driven by both strategic as well as operational determinants for this strategy. The qualitative study on strategy evolution points towards a five stage process which begins with in-house sourcing followed by domestic outsourcing, foreign affiliates, offshore outsourcing and finally backsourcing of core activities. Evidence from the dissertation suggests that outsourcing has a positive impact on performance when compared to in-house while offshoring has a negative impact compared to domestic sourcing.
An exploratory study of the perceived utility and effectiveness of state fusion centers
Creators: name: Graphia, Renee Dianne
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the 9/11 Commission concluded that the nation's intelligence agencies had failed to "connect the dots," and improving the country's intelligence capabilities among all levels of government has been highly prioritized.  While several federal initiatives were proposed to overcome "the wall" inhibiting information flow between agencies, a subfederal response was the establishment of fusion centers. Briefly, fusion centers are multiagency facilities tasked with improving the collection, analysis and dissemination of information and intelligence within the law enforcement community as well as between public and private sector partners. They are designed to maximize resources, streamline operations, and improve law enforcement's ability to fight crime and terrorism through all-source analysis and dissemination of information. Due to their relative newness, several issues currently remain unclear.  Specifically, little research exists addressing whether fusion centers are fulfilling their intended functions, to what degree they have facilitated changes in how law enforcement understands and uses threat information, whether they are perceived effective, and whether they are innovative. Using case study design and qualitative methods, this study explored the perceived efficacy of fusion centers, using data collected from open-ended, semi-structured interviews and site visits. Using purposive and convenience sampling techniques, forty-nine (N=49) individuals offering a range of perspectives participated. Participants were solicited from, or affiliated with, four separate state fusion centers. In addition, individuals from key federal organizations and others with expert knowledge on the subject matter were interviewed for this research. The study's findings indicate that while fusion centers are partially fulfilling their designated tasks, they continue to struggle with several challenges. Although they have improved law enforcement's information collection and sharing capabilities, they have yet to develop robust analytical capabilities, or to overcome other obstacles.  Moreover, the findings from this study suggest that the threat of terrorism is perceived as neither paramount nor trivial to fusion centers; however, fusion centers are perceived as valuable resources to address other criminal threats. The findings from this research have important policy implications for practitioners, as well as being a source from which future research regarding fusion center's processes and products can be empirically designed.
Private v Public authority in NAFTA
Creators: name: Rosero, John D.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: As states fiercely compete for international trade, there is growing concern about the emergence of private authority in global governance systems. States have delegated various aspects of their regulatory authority to private actors to facilitate the expansion of free trade in the global markets. This delegation of authority has generated the expansion of private international administrative law involving states. An unintentional, or perhaps intentional, consequence of this change in authority is the empowerment of private actors over states. When states seek to compete in a globalized financial market and increase foreign investment flows, investors demand protection from "unfair" state actions in exchange for their investments. As regulatory activities and investment transactions increase so often does the volume of disputes between public and private actors. The result can be the development of an effective investor-state dispute settlement mechanism.  This study examines the procyclicality of investor protections and global governance issues, with particular attention to the North American Free Trade Agreement's (NAFTA) Chapter 11 on investments. The current literature on global political economy has not yet fully explored the complex interdependency between states and private actors. NAFTA established an investor-to-state dispute arbitration mechanism to deter states from unfair national treatment and even expropriation. Under this structure, private investors may file claims directly against a state for monetary damages. Unlike national courts presided over by publicly appointed or elected judges, these tribunals consist of private individuals selected by the investors and member states. This dissertation examines the expansion of private authority through NAFTA tribunals, as a case study of the accommodation accorded to firms in evolving patterns of global governance. The analysis also includes a review of relevant global political economy literature; a comprehensive analysis of newly released U.S. National Archives and White House documents related to NAFTA; an overview of the U.S.-Mexican Claims Commissions (1838-1946); and key information obtained through candid interviews with former senior U.S. and Mexican officials regarding NAFTA and its Chapter 11 tribunals.
Additional file 2: of The Community Navigator Study: a feasibility randomised controlled trial of an intervention to increase community connections and reduce loneliness for people with complex anxiety or depression
Creators: name: Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
name: Bone, Jessica
name: Pinfold, Vanessa
name: Lewis, Glyn
name: Billings, Jo
name: Frerichs, Johanna
name: Fullarton, Kate
name: Jones, Rebecca
name: Johnson, Sonia
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Community Navigator Feasibility Trial â   Participant Consent Form. (DOCX 68Â kb)
Additional file 4: of An evaluation of transport mode shift policies on transport-related physical activity through simulations based on random forests
Creators: name: Brondeel, Ruben
name: Kestens, Yan
name: Chaix, Basile
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: R-scripts: simulation models and data integration. (PDF 137Â kb)
A single immunization with H5N1 virus-like particle vaccine protects chickens against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses and vaccine efficacy is determined by adjuvant and dosage
Creators: name: Kong, Dexin
name: He, Yanjuan
name: Wang, Jiaxin
name: Chi, Lanyan
name: Ao, Xiang
name: Ye, Hejia
name: Qiu, Weihong
name: Zhu, Xiutong
name: Liao, Ming
name: Fan, Huiying
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: The H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) reveals high variability and threatens poultry production and public health. To prevent the spread of H5N1 HPAIV, we developed an H5N1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on the insect cell-baculovirus expression system. Single immunization of the H5N1 VLP vaccines induced high levels of HI antibody titres and provided effective protection against homologous virus challenge comparable to the commercial inactivated vaccine. Meanwhile, we assessed the relative efﬁcacy of different adjuvants by carrying out a head-to-head comparison of the adjuvants ISA 201 and ISA 71 and evaluated whether the two adjuvants could induce broadly protective immunity. The ISA 71 adjuvanted vaccine induced significantly higher levels of Th1 and Th2 immune responses and provided superior cross-protection against antigenically divergent H5N1 virus challenge than the ISA 201 adjuvanted vaccine. Importantly, increasing the vaccine dose could further enhance the cross-protective efficacy of H5N1 VLP vaccine and confer completely sterilizing protection against antigenically divergent H5N1 virus challenge, which was mediated by neutralizing antibodies. Our results suggest that the H5N1 VLP vaccine can provide broad-spectrum protection against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses as determined by adjuvant and vaccine dose.
Adult attachment as a mediator/moderator to early experiences of family violence victimization on adult physically violent behavior
Creators: name: Marganski, Alison J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: The detrimental effects of family violence victimization are well documented in research. Of particular note is its relationship to violent offending. Much evidence exists that link early experiences of family violence victimization to later violent behavior. Most often, researchers attribute this "cycle of violence" to social learning, whereby youth view and learn specific behaviors in response to conflict and then use them as adults. Yet this theory alone fails to explain why some individuals who experience family violence do not go on to offend later in life while others do. Attachment theory suggests that attachment forms early in life and is relatively stable over time and relationships. Individuals who experience family violence are more likely to have disrupted attachments that relate to later relationship problems. However, there is limited research investigating the role of attachment in influencing adult violence. This study takes a multidimensional approach by investigating whether several types of childhood experiences of family violence relate to adult violence via adult attachment, including attachment to a best friend, an intimate, a parent, and a sibling. Using a convenience sample of undergraduate university students, data was collected from 372 respondents through self-administered questionnaires during the fall semester of 2009. Two different sets of multivariate analyses were used to estimate whether adult attachment types play a role in explaining adult violence: (1) nested models to analyze the independent effect of each adult attachment type on the relationship between family violence and adult violent behavior, and (2) models using main effects and interactions between family violence-adult attachment types on adult violent behavior. Consistent with past research, the results of the analyses revealed significant associations between direct experiences of family violence victimization and adult violent behavior that provided support for social learning theory. Multivariate analyses using interaction terms also found significant interactions, indicating moderation effects, which were further investigated.   Given the current study's findings on the role of adult attachment in interacting with experiences of family violence and its relation to adult violent behavior, further research to examine the means by which family violence victimization experiences develop into violent behavioral patterns is recommended.
Supplementary methods from Caught in the act: the invasion of a viral vector changes viral prevalence and titre in native honeybees and bumblebees
Creators: name: Dobelmann, Jana
name: Wilfert, Lena
name: Manley, Robyn
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary methods including details on bee sampling, PCR used to distinguish Bombus terrestris from B. lucorum and qPCR methods for virus quantification. The supplementary methods also include two tables with all primers that have been used in this study.
Bothus pantherinus Ruppell 1830
Creators: name: Bogorodsky, Sergey V.
name: Alpermann, Tilman J.
name: Mal, Ahmad O.
name: Gabr, Mohamed H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Pleuronectiformes
Bothidae
Bothus
Bothus pantherinus

description: Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830)
Material examined. SMF 35084 (2: 8.1–9.6 cm); SMF 35085 (1: 11.2 cm); SMF 35086 (7: 9.2–10.2 cm); KAUMM 129 (1: 12.2 cm); KAUMM 130 (2: 7.7–8.2 cm); KAUMM 131 (1: 10.9 cm); KAUMM 132 (7: 7.9–10.3 cm).
description: Published as part of Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Alpermann, Tilman J., Mal, Ahmad O. & Gabr, Mohamed H., 2014, Survey of demersal fishes from southern Saudi Arabia, with five new records for the Red Sea, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 3852 (4) on page 431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225360
The lethal K18-hACE2 knock-in mouse model mimicking the severe pneumonia of COVID-19 is practicable for antiviral development
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Zhou, Li
name: Liu, Qianyun
name: Zheng, Yucheng
name: Tan, Xue
name: Huang, Zhixiang
name: Guo, Ming
name: Wang, Xin
name: Chen, Xianying
name: Liang, Simeng
name: Li, Wenkang
name: Song, Kun
name: Yan, Kun
name: Li, Jiali
name: Li, Qiaohong
name: Zhang, Yuzhen
name: Yang, Shimin
name: Cai, Zeng
name: Dai, Ming
name: Xian, Qiaoyang
name: Shi, Zheng-Li
name: Xu, Ke
name: Lan, Ke
name: Chen, Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Animal models of COVID-19 facilitate the development of vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy of antivirals or vaccines may differ in different animal models with varied degrees of disease. Here, we introduce a mouse model expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In this model, ACE2 with the human cytokeratin 18 promoter was knocked into the Hipp11 locus of C57BL/6J mouse by CRISPR–Cas9 (K18-hACE2 KI). Upon intranasal inoculation with high (3×105 PFU) or low (2.5×102 PFU) dose of SARS-CoV-2 wildtype (WT), Delta, Omicron BA.1, or Omicron BA.2 variants, all mice showed obvious infection symptoms, including weight loss, high viral loads in the lung, and interstitial pneumonia. 100% lethality was observed in K18-hACE2 KI mice infected by all variants with a delay of endpoint for Delta and BA.1, and a significantly attenuated pathogenicity was observed for BA.2. The pneumonia of infected mice was accompanied by the infiltration of neutrophils and pulmonary fibrosis in the lung. Compared with K18-hACE2 Tg mice and HFH4-hACE2 Tg mice, K18-hACE2 KI mice are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. In the antivirals test, REGN10933 and Remdesivir had limited antiviral efficacies in K18-hACE2 KI mice upon the challenge of SARS-CoV-2 infections, while Nirmatrelvir, monoclonal antibody 4G4, and mRNA vaccines potently protected the mice from death. Our results suggest that the K18-hACE2 KI mouse model is lethal and stable for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and is practicable and stringent to antiviral development.
Additional file 1: of A rapid and accurate approach for prediction of interactomes from co-elution data (PrInCE)
Creators: name: R. Stacey
name: Skinnider, Michael
name: Nichollas Scott
name: Foster, Leonard
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplementary Figures and Tables. (DOCX 4945Â kb)
Engyprosopon grandisquama Temminck & Schlegel 1846
Creators: name: Bogorodsky, Sergey V.
name: Alpermann, Tilman J.
name: Mal, Ahmad O.
name: Gabr, Mohamed H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Pleuronectiformes
Bothidae
Engyprosopon
Engyprosopon grandisquama

description: Engyprosopon grandisquama (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Material examined. SMF 35087 (2: 6.5–7.4 cm); SMF 35088 (1: 6.8 cm); SMF 35089 (12: 6.0– 7.6 cm); KAUMM 133 (4: 6.9–7.4 cm); KAUMM 134 (2: 6.2– 6.2 cm); KAUMM 135 (13: 6.6–7.4 cm).
description: Published as part of Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Alpermann, Tilman J., Mal, Ahmad O. & Gabr, Mohamed H., 2014, Survey of demersal fishes from southern Saudi Arabia, with five new records for the Red Sea, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 3852 (4) on page 431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225360
Supplementary methods from Caught in the act: the invasion of a viral vector changes viral prevalence and titre in native honeybees and bumblebees
Creators: name: Dobelmann, Jana
name: 2024-04-30ilfert, Lena
name: Manley, Robyn
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary methods including details on bee sampling, PCR used to distinguish Bombus terrestris from B. lucorum and qPCR methods for virus quantification. The supplementary methods also include two tables with all primers that have been used in this study.
The importance of place
Creators: name: Van Horne, Sheryl Lynn
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Little research in the United States has focused on homicides outside cities. This study examines the impact of structural factors on intimate partner homicides in rural counties, as well as, across the nation as a whole. Expanding on the paucity of research on rural crime, this research applies the systemic reformulation of social disorganization theory and considers the importance of civic engagement and religious participation variables in influencing these outcomes. Utilizing recent Uniform Crime Report Supplementary Homicide Report data (2000-2005), U.S. Census data (2000), a study of County Characteristics (2000-2007), and the Association of Religion Data Archives Religious Congregations and Membership Study of 2000, this study investigates how the systemic reformulation of social disorganization theory explains intimate partner homicides across the country and in rural counties. In examining the structural correlates of homicide and the impact of social institutions, this research bridges the gaps between social organization theories and cultural or subcultural theories. By incorporating institutions into the analysis, this study examines the "relatively stable configuration of statuses, roles, values, and norms that emerge from the basic functional requirements of a society" (Messner and Rosenfeld, 1999: 28). Through the inclusion of religious and political institutions, this analysis adds to the understanding of the impact of institutional factors on intimate partner homicides and finds that in rural communities, especially, religious participation and voter participation are negatively correlated to intimate partner homicides. This study found that the systemic reformulation of social disorganization theory and the concepts therein significantly explained intimate partner homicide counts across the country, though religious participation was not significant. For rural counties, the model was significant but only the population structure component, which included population density and population size, and religious participation were statistically significant These findings have important policy implications .With more recently emerging literature on the importance of civic engagement, this research highlights the importance of further investigation of voter participatory norms, especially in future studies of crimes in rural locations. Additionally, religious participation must be investigated further, especially in studies involving rural communities.
Conflict management style, perceived organizational support and occupational stress in emergency department nurses
Creators: name: Johansen, Mary L.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Occupational Stress (OS) produces negative consequences that affect the nurse, the organization and the patient. Factors in the work environment that effect worker outcomes like occupational stress include perceived organizational support and conflict management style. The purpose of this non-experimental study was to examine the conflict management style emergency department (ED) nurses use to resolve conflict and how conflict management style and perceived organizational support affects their experience of stress. Using a correlational design, this study examined factors such as perceived organizational support, and conflict management style and their relationship to OS in a sample of 222 ED staff nurses. The Expanded Nurse Stress Scale, the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support and the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II were used to measure these variables. Significant relationships were found between perceived organizational support and OS (r=-.292, p=.000) and avoidant conflict management style and OS (r =.300, p = .000). No significant relationships were found between integrating, dominating, and obliging dimensions of conflict management styles and OS. Regression analysis demonstrated that perceived organizational support and avoidant conflict management style were independently related to OS (β=-.262, p=.003, β=. 209, p=.018).  Perceived organizational support and avoidant conflict management style explained 15% of the variance in OS. However, perceived organizational support did not moderate any of the hypothesized relationships between the dimensions of conflict management style and OS. Ancillary analysis revealed that perceived organizational support and avoidant conflict management style were significantly related to several dimensions of stress including the problems with supervisors dimension of stress (r=.433, p.01) and both  independently predicted stress from problems with supervisors while controlling for the effect of each other (β=.15, p=.01, β=.47, p=.01). These findings suggest that the nurse's approach to resolving conflict with her supervisor(s) does indeed correlate with her experience of stress. Perceived organizational support and avoidant conflict management style are predictors of OS and assessment of the ED staff nurse's conflict management style and  coaching in constructive conflict resolution may be helpful in the their experience of OS.
Predictors of binge eating
Creators: name: Migliore, Debra A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Researchers have found that binge eating predicts obesity (Picot & Lilenfeld, 2003; Rand, Macgregor & Stunkard, 1997). Although binge eating is understood to be a major health risk, its predictors remain elusive. This study explored relationships between perfectionism, self-efficacy, and distress tolerance and binge eating, and the degree to which these three variables predict binge eating. A cross-sectional correlation design was employed in this study. Participants recruited were female adult binge eaters, 18 years and older, who responded to the online survey. Participants who screened positive for binge eating responded to a series of surveys: the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0; Fairburn & Beglin, 2008), to measure binge eating; the self-oriented (SOP) and socially-prescribed perfectionism (SPP) subscales of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS; Hewitt et al., 1991; Hewitt & Flett, 1991); the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS; Simons & Gaher, 2005); and the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL; Clark, et al, 1991), to measure eating self-efficacy. Four relationships were examined in this study: Hypothesis 1) Perfectionism is directly related to binge eating in women who binge eat, was supported in this study. [Perfectionism, as self-oriented perfectionism (SOP; r =.16, p = .04), and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP; r = .25, p < .01)]; Hypothesis 2) Distress Tolerance is inversely related to binge eating in women who binge eat, was supported in this study (DTS; r = - .20, p
Emerging norms in economic governance
Creators: name: Johnson, Sophia N.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: The characteristic changes we see in economic governance today could not have been predicted by structural theories. We know this, of course, through an examination of postinternational theory and the comparative perspectives on micro and macro-economic actors animated in this study. At the beginning of India’s 1991 economic liberalization reforms, with actually similar structural circumstances across states, we can see both upheavals within the national system and a commotion which begins to vary state economic governance as well as create a transformation marked by a bifurcation in which the state-centric system now coexists with an equally powerful, though more decentralized, multi-centric system. There are good reasons to think that structural circumstances catalyzed these internal changes, but it is not at all clear that the nature of the changes was predictable from structural conditions alone. This thesis focuses on governance, which is changing because of the impact of nonstate actors on the economic structure of at least three Indian states – Punjab, Orissa and West Bengal. The study demonstrates than the emergence of varying authority structures and the normative changes accompanied by economic liberalization reforms, cuts across state institutions, sometimes bending them to the wills of the contenders for power. Nonstate actors do not simply respond to and resolve or manage crises arising from within the state environment, but are, through their varied actions, one of the principal agencies directly and indirectly responsible for the liberalized structure. Nonstate actors, in this milieu, contribute to more balanced growth by removing structural impediments to domestic demand, for example. In addition, I want to propose that economic liberalization has been leading in India not to centralization but to differential economic advantages regionally, and loss of some national economic controls in parts of the country. It has produced a systematic authority predicament, which arises from the goals associated with a wide range of systemic measures designed to facilitate macroeconomic policies.
Coinfection and nonrandom recombination drive the evolution of swine enteric coronaviruses
Creators: name: Guo, Jiahui
name: Lai, Yinan
name: Yang, Zhixiang
name: Song, Wenbo
name: Zhou, Junwei
name: Li, Zhuang
name: Su, Wen
name: Xiao, Shaobo
name: Fang, Liurong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Coinfection with multiple viruses is a common phenomenon in clinical settings and is a crucial driver of viral evolution. Although numerous studies have demonstrated viral recombination arising from coinfections of different strains of a specific species, the role of coinfections of different species or genera during viral evolution is rarely investigated. Here, we analyzed coinfections of and recombination events between four different swine enteric coronaviruses that infect the jejunum and ileum in pigs, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and a deltacoronavirus, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Various coinfection patterns were observed in 4,468 fecal and intestinal tissue samples collected from pigs in a 4-year survey. PEDV/PDCoV was the most frequent coinfection. However, recombination analyses have only detected events involving PEDV/TGEV and SADS-CoV/TGEV, indicating that inter-species recombination among coronaviruses is most likely to occur within the same genus. We also analyzed recombination events within the newly identified genus Deltacoronavirus and found that sparrows have played a unique host role in the recombination history of the deltacoronaviruses. The emerging virus PDCoV, which can infect humans, has a different recombination history. In summary, our study demonstrates that swine enteric coronaviruses are a valuable model for investigating the relationship between viral coinfection and recombination, which provide new insights into both inter- and intraspecies recombination events among swine enteric coronaviruses, and extend our understanding of the relationship between coronavirus coinfection and recombination.
Additional file 1: of Antipsychotics and dementia in Canada: a retrospective cross-sectional study of four health sectors
Creators: name: Rios, Sebastian
name: Perlman, Christopher
name: Costa, Andrew
name: Heckman, George
name: Hirdes, John
name: Mitchell, Lori
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Detailed description of variables considered in the analyses. (DOCX 16Â kb)
Why who you are at the time matters
Creators: name: Simms, Shalei
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Risky choice is an integral part of the strategic decision making process. It encompasses both organizationally and personally relevant outcomes. Individual decision makers must navigate the process in such a manner that yields optimal results for the organization as well as the individual decision maker. As a result, it is important to further uncover additional antecedents to strategic decision making in organizations. The goal of this dissertation is to examine how salient social identities, or the social identity that is psychologically active at the time a decision is made, influences the risky decision making process. Specifically, I explore the question of whether individuals in a particular social group change their risk taking depending on the context that activates their social identity. I argue that individuals will be more likely to make a risky decision when their identity puts them at an advantage (positive social identity) than when they are put in a disadvantageous position (negative social identity). In addition, I argue that identity orientations, or whether an individual views himself as separate from or a representative of their social group, influence risky decision making. The results provide some evidence that priming social identities can affect the nature of an individual's risk taking. Boundary conditions to these relationships are discussed.
Vibrational spectroscopic and related studies of lipid/protein interaction in lung surfactant models
Creators: name: Mao, Guangru
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Lung surfactant, a lipid/protein complex located at the air/alveolar lining of the mammalian lung, facilitates the work of breathing and prevents alveolar collapse. Lung surfactant associated proteins SP-A and SP-D are also involved in pulmonary innate immune response. The deficiency or dysfunction of lung surfactant may lead to pathological conditions of lungs. The "squeeze out" hypothesis was proposed in 1960s to explain the mechanism of the surface tension lowering functions of lung surfactant. It suggests that non-DPPC components are squeezed out during expiration from the monolayer and form a multilayer structure attached underneath the monolayer at high compressions. This multilayer structure serves as a surfactant reservoir to supply surfactant for the following surface expansion. Multilamellar structures have been observed in alveolar surface film and with lung surfactant models; however, its composition is not known thoroughly. In this thesis, substrate-supported films were transferred from air/water interface by a novel technique termed "COVASP", which transfers films under continuous surface compression. Model lung surfactant systems containing DPPC, DPPG, SP-C and cholesterol were used in this study. The COVASP films with a broad surface pressure coverage were characterized by IR imaging. The relative composition of multilayers was probed by the IR absorbance of characteristic vibrational modes for each component. The results showed that both phospholipids and SP-C were present in multilayers, but DPPC was concentrated to a lesser extent compared to DPPG and SP-C. The application of COVASP-IR imaging was further extended to evaluate the synthetic biomimetics of lung surfactant SP-C for potential therapeutic use. A class of N-substituted polyglycine molecules with helical structures has been synthesized as SP-C mimics by our collaborators. The ability of these peptoids to form multilayers was studied by COVASP and AFM and was compared to native SP-C. It is found that palmitoylated peptoid was able to form multilayers with lung surfactant model used, but only at a higher peptoid concentration. In addition, the extent of multilayer formation was also lower when compared to SP-C.  As a component of pulmonary innate immune system, SP-A directly binds to a series of bacteria and microbes. LPS, constituents of bacterial outer membrane, are ligands of SP-A. The mode of interaction between SP-A and LPS was studied by IRRAS. It is speculated that SP-A interacted with LPS acyl chains in a Ca2+ dependent manner. Truncated SP-A was also studied and was compared to its hyperpermeabilizing mutant D215A/PL SP-A. D215A/PL SP-A was more stable at the air/water interface, which may contribute to its hyperpermeability.
Streptococcus suis serotype 4: a population with the potential pathogenicity in humans and pigs
Creators: name: Zhu, Jinlu
name: Wang, Jianping
name: Kang, Weiming
name: Zhang, Xiyan
name: Kerdsin, Anusak
name: Yao, Huochun
name: Zheng, Han
name: Wu, Zongfu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Streptococcus suis is a major bacterial pathogen in pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Different S. suis serotypes exhibit diverse characteristics in population structure and pathogenicity. Surveillance data highlight the significance of S. suis serotype 4 (SS4) in swine streptococcusis, a pathotype causing human infections. However, except for a few epidemiologic studies, the information on SS4 remains limited. In this study, we investigated the population structure, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial characteristics of SS4 based on 126 isolates, including one from a patient with septicemia. We discovered significant diversities within this population, clustering into six minimum core genome (MCG) groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 7-2, and 7-3) and five lineages. Two main clonal complexes (CCs), CC17 and CC94, belong to MCG groups 1 and 3, respectively. Numerous important putative virulence-associated genes are present in these two MCG groups, and 35.00% (7/20) of pig isolates from CC17, CC94, and CC839 (also belonging to MCG group 3) were highly virulent (mortality rate ≥ 80%) in zebrafish and mice, similar to the human isolate ID36054. Cytotoxicity assays showed that the human and pig isolates of SS4 strains exhibit significant cytotoxicity to human cells. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 95.83% of strains isolated from our labs were classified as multidrug-resistant. Prophages were identified as the primary vehicle for antibiotic resistance genes. Our study demonstrates the public health threat posed by SS4, expanding the understanding of SS4 population structure and pathogenicity characteristics and providing valuable information for its surveillance and prevention.
Pardachirus marmoratus Lacepede 1802
Creators: name: Bogorodsky, Sergey V.
name: Alpermann, Tilman J.
name: Mal, Ahmad O.
name: Gabr, Mohamed H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Pleuronectiformes
Soleidae
Pardachirus
Pardachirus marmoratus

description: Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802)
Material examined. SMF 35096 (2: 9.5–14.8 cm); SMF 35098 (1: 11.9 cm); KAUMM 142 (2: 11.6–13.3 cm).
description: Published as part of Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Alpermann, Tilman J., Mal, Ahmad O. & Gabr, Mohamed H., 2014, Survey of demersal fishes from southern Saudi Arabia, with five new records for the Red Sea, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 3852 (4) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225360