cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Atlas3D Project - XXX. Star formation histories and stellar population scaling relations of early-type galaxies
Creators: name: McDermid, Richard M.
name: Alatalo, Katherine
name: Blitz, Leo
name: Bournaud, Frederic
name: Bureau, Martin
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Crocker, Alison F.
name: Davies, Roger L.
name: Davis, Timothy A.
name: de Zeeuw, P. T.
name: Duc, Pierre-Alain
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Khochfar, Sadegh
name: Krajnovic, Davor
name: Kuntschner, Harald
name: Morganti, Raffaella
name: Naab, Thorsten
name: Oosterloo, Tom
name: Sarzi, Marc
name: Scott, Nicholas
name: Serra, Paolo
name: Weijmans, Anne-Marie
name: Young, Lisa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the stellar population content of early-type galaxies from the Atlas3D survey. Using spectra integrated within apertures covering up to one effective radius, we apply two methods: one based on measuring line-strength indices and applying single stellar population (SSP) models to derive SSP-equivalent values of stellar age, metallicity, and alpha enhancement; and one based on spectral fitting to derive non-parametric star-formation histories, mass-weighted average values of age, metallicity, and half-mass formation timescales. Using homogeneously derived effective radii and dynamically-determined galaxy masses, we present the distribution of stellar population parameters on the Mass Plane (M_JAM, Sigma_e, R_maj), showing that at fixed mass, compact early-type galaxies are on average older, more metal-rich, and more alpha-enhanced than their larger counterparts. From non-parametric star-formation histories, we find that the duration of star formation is systematically more extended in lower mass objects. Assuming that our sample represents most of the stellar content of today's local Universe, approximately 50% of all stars formed within the first 2 Gyr following the big bang. Most of these stars reside today in the most massive galaxies (>10^10.5 M_sun), which themselves formed 90% of their stars by z~2. The lower-mass objects, in contrast, have formed barely half their stars in this time interval. Stellar population properties are independent of environment over two orders of magnitude in local density, varying only with galaxy mass. In the highest-density regions of our volume (dominated by the Virgo cluster), galaxies are older, alpha-enhanced and have shorter star-formation histories with respect to lower density regions.
description: 33 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Full length tables available at http://www.purl.org/atlas3d
Supplementary Material for Hao and Storey, 2019
Creators: name: Hao, Wei
name: Storey, John D.
Publisher: name: GSA Journals
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60411 Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics
subject: 60412 Quantitative Genetics (incl. Disease and Trait Mapping Genetics)
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Materials, Figures S1-S17
Trajectories of internalizing symptoms across childhood: The roles of biological self-regulation and maternal psychopathology
Creators: name: Calkins, Susan D.
name: Keane, Susan P.
name: Shanahan, Lilly
name: Kelleher, Rachael
name: Suffness, Rebecca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Whether internalizing symptoms increase or remain at similar levels throughout childhood is currently not well understood. Moreover, the association between vagal regulation of cardiac activity and internalizing symptoms across childhood needs to be clarified. We used a multilevel conceptual framework to examine how children's vagal regulation of cardiac activity and mothers' internalizing symptoms were jointly associated with children's developmental trajectories of internalizing symptoms from ages 4 to 10 years old. Data came from 384 children who participated in an ongoing longitudinal study. Children and their mothers came to the research laboratory at ages 4, 5, 7, and 10. Mothers reported their children's and their own internalizing symptoms. Children's vagal regulation of cardiac activity was assessed during quiet baseline tasks and also during challenge tasks. Multilevel models revealed that child internalizing symptoms increased from ages 4 to 10 years old, but only in females, and especially between ages 7 and 10. More vagal withdrawal in response to challenge was associated with more internalizing symptoms, particularly with more somatic symptoms. Associations between children's physiological regulation and internalizing symptoms differed by children's age, sex, and presence of maternal internalizing symptoms. Understanding associations between vagal regulation of cardiac activity and internalizing symptoms during childhood calls for fine-grained developmental analyses that take into account the heterogeneity of internalizing symptoms, and also developmental phase, context, and sex.
Developmental transitions in presentations of externalizing problems among boys and girls at risk for child maltreatment
Creators: name: Thompson, Richard
name: English, Diana J.
name: Jones, Deborah
name: Hussey, Jon M.
name: Litrownik, Alan J.
name: Block, Stephanie
name: Villodas, Miguel T.
name: Dubowitz, Howard
name: Roesch, Scott C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The present study examined the impact of children’s maltreatment experiences on the emergence of externalizing problem presentations among children during different developmental periods. The sample included 788 youth and their caregivers who participated in a multisite, prospective study of youth at-risk for maltreatment. Externalizing problems were assessed at ages 4, 8, and 12, and symptoms and diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder were assessed at age 14, during interviews with youth and caregivers. Information about maltreatment allegations was coded from official records. Latent transition analysis identified three groups of youth with similar presentations of externalizing problems (“well adjusted,” “hyperactive/oppositional,” and “aggressive/rule-breaking”) and transitions between groups from ages 4, 8, and 12. A “defiant/deceitful” group also emerged at age 12. Girls were generally more likely to present as well adjusted than boys. Children with recent physical abuse allegations had an increased risk for aggressive/rule-breaking presentations during the preschool and preadolescent years, while children with sexual abuse or neglect allegations had lower probabilities of having well-adjusted presentations during middle childhood. These findings indicate that persistently severe aggressive conduct problems, which are related to the most concerning outcomes, can be identified early, particularly among neglected and physically and sexually abused children.
Caracterização de Espécies Bacterianas do Filo Acidobacteria Presentes em Solo de Cerrado por Espectrometria de Massa MALDI-TOF
Creators: name: Soares, Carlos Emanoel Vieira Flores
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Espectrometria de Massa
Acidobacteria
Solo de Cerrado
MALDI-TOF

description: Trabalho de conclusão de curso como requisito para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas
Lower structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus is associated with a history of child maltreatment and future psychological vulnerability to stress
Creators: name: Knodt, Annchen R.
name: Brigidi, Bartholomew D.
name: Hariri, Ahmad R.
name: Hanson, Jamie L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Abstract The experience of child maltreatment is a significant risk factor for the development of later internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety. This risk is particularly heightened after exposure to additional, more contemporaneous stress. While behavioral evidence exists for such “stress sensitization,” little is known about the mechanisms mediating such relationships, particularly within the brain. Here we report that the experience of child maltreatment independent of recent life stress, gender, and age is associated with reduced structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus, a major white matter pathway between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, in young adults. We further demonstrate that individuals with lower uncinate fasciculus integrity at baseline who subsequently experience stressful life events report higher levels of internalizing symptomatology at follow-up. Our findings suggest a novel neurobiological mechanism linking child maltreatment with later internalizing symptoms, specifically altered structural connectivity within the brain's threat-detection and emotion-regulation circuitry.
Kinetic evolution and correlation of fluctuations in an expanding quark gluon plasma
Creators: name: Sarwar, Golam
name: Alam, Jan-e
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolution of spatially anisotropic perturbation created in the system formed after Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions has been studied. The microscopic evolution of the fluctuations has been examined within the ambit of Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) in a hydrodynamically expanding background. The expansion of the background composed of Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is treated within the framework of relativistic hydrodynamics. Spatial anisotropic fluctuations with different geometry have been evolved through Boltzmann equation. It is observed that the trace of such fluctuation survive the evolution. Within the relaxation time approximation analytical results have been obtained for the evolution of these anisotropies. Explicit relations between fluctuations and transport coefficients have been derived. The mixing of various Fourier (or $k$) modes of the perturbations during the evolution of the system has been explicitly demonstrated. This study is very useful in understanding the presumption that the measured anisotropies in the data from heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies imitate the initial state effects. The evolution of correlation function for the perturbation in pressure has been studied and shown that the initial correlation between two neighbouring points in real space evolves to a constant value at later time which gives rise to Dirac delta function for the correlation function in Fourier space. The power spectrum of the fluctuation in thermodynamic quantities (like temperature estimated in this work) can be connected to the fluctuation in transverse momentum of the thermal hadrons measured experimentally. The bulk viscous coefficient of the QGP has been estimated by using correlations of pressure fluctuation with the help of Green-Kubo relation. Angular power spectrum of the anisotropies has been estimated in the appendix.
description: Accepted for publication Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
Exploring the relationship between capital, inequality, and antisocial behaviour in Mexican schools
Creators: name: Pantoja Núñez, Luis Fernando
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2020
Subjects: antisocial behaviour
Mexican schools
economic capital
cultural capital
inequality
social networks

description: Various studies have linked poverty and inequality with problems in schools, including antisocial behaviour (ASB). However, many of these studies have two important limitations that have shaped our view about these problems. The first problem is that the vast majority of these studies have been carried out in a few western countries that share similar characteristics, so very little is known about how these issues affect other places. The second problem is mainly associated with the lack of integration of different theoretical and methodological elements, which have led to partial or inconclusive conclusions. Based on the forms of capital developed by Bourdieu (1986) and using an ecological approach that incorporates characteristics of students and their schools, this thesis explores the relationship between economic, social and cultural capital, their associated inequality, and the perceived frequency of ASB of students and principals of secondary schools in Mexico. The research is based on secondary analysis of the National Plan for the Evaluation of Learning (INEE 2016). Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to construct measures of perceived frequency of ASB and economic, social, and cultural capital. Measures of inequality for each form of capital were based on Generalised Entropy, which allowed the examination of the effects of disparities at different parts of the distribution. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling. Additionally, the students’ perceived frequency of ASB was explored using Multilevel Modelling, while the analysis of the principals was based on OLS. Lastly, Multiple Group Analysis was used to explore the effects of capital and inequality in different types of schools, and localities of different sizes. Social capital was the only form of capital with a consistent effect, as it was associated with a decrease in the perceived frequency of ASB of both students and principals from all school types and localities. Economic and cultural capital had an effect on the perceived frequency of ASB but only in some types of schools and in some localities. Inequalities in students’ social and cultural capital were linked to the perceived frequency of ASB in some types of schools and localities, such that higher levels of very deprived or wealthy students were associated with lower perceptions of ASB. As one solution to reducing the perception of ASB in Mexican schools, this thesis suggests fostering better social connections, addressing some vulnerabilities associated with the lack of economic and cultural capital, and understanding the unique characteristics of different environments in how they shape patterns of ASB.
Dynamical symmetries of Markov processes with multiplicative white noise
Creators: name: Aron, Camille
name: Barci, Daniel G.
name: Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
name: Arenas, Zochil Gonzalez
name: Lozano, Gustavo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse various properties of stochastic Markov processes with multiplicative white noise. We take a single-variable problem as a simple example, and we later extend the analysis to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for the stochastic dynamics of a magnetic moment. In particular, we focus on the non-equilibrium transfer of angular momentum to the magnetization from a spin-polarised current of electrons, a technique which is widely used in the context of spintronics to manipulate magnetic moments. We unveil two hidden dynamical symmetries of the generating functionals of these Markovian multiplicative white-noise processes. One symmetry only holds in equilibrium and we use it to prove generic relations such as the fluctuation-dissipation theorems. Out of equilibrium, we take profit of the symmetry-breaking terms to prove fluctuation theorems. The other symmetry yields strong dynamical relations between correlation and response functions which can notably simplify the numerical analysis of these problems. Our construction allows us to clarify some misconceptions on multiplicative white-noise stochastic processes that can be found in the literature. In particular, we show that a first-order differential equation with multiplicative white noise can be transformed into an additive-noise equation, but that the latter keeps a non-trivial memory of the discretisation prescription used to define the former.
description: 44 pages
title: Techniques for data pattern selection and abstraction
Creators: name: Nikolaidis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: This thesis concerns the problem of prototype reduction in instance-based learning. In order to deal with problems such as storage requirements, sensitivity to noise and computational complexity, various algorithms have been presented that condense the number of stored prototypes, while maintaining competent classification accuracy. Instance selection, which recovers a smaller subset of the original training set, is the most widely used technique for instance reduction. But, prototype abstraction that generates new prototypes to replace the initial ones has also gained a lot of interest recently. The major contribution of this work is the proposal of four novel frameworks for performing prototype reduction, the Class Boundary Preserving algorithm (CBP), a hybrid method that uses both selection and generation of prototypes, Instance Seriation for Prototype Abstraction (ISPA), which is an abstraction algorithm, and two selective techniques, Spectral Instance Reduction (SIR) and Direct Weight Optimization (DWO). CBP is a multi-stage method based on a simple heuristic that is very effective in identifying samples close to class borders. Using a noise filter harmful instances are removed, while the powerful heuristic determines the geometrical distribution of patterns around every instance. Together with the concepts of nearest enemy pairs and mean shift clustering this algorithm decides on the final set of retained prototypes. DWO is a selection model whose output set of prototypes is decided by a set of binary weights. These weights are computed according to an objective function composed of the ratio between the nearest friend and nearest enemy of every sample. In order to obtain good quality results DWO is optimized using a genetic algorithm. ISPA is an abstraction technique that employs the concept of data seriation to organize instances in an arrangement that favours merging between them. As a result, a new set of prototypes is created. Results show that CBP, SIR and DWO, the three major algorithms presented in this thesis, are competent and efficient in terms of at least one of the two basic objectives, classification accuracy and condensation ratio. The comparison against other successful condensation algorithms illustrates the competitiveness of the proposed models. The SIR algorithm presents a set of border discriminating features (BDFs) that depicts the local distribution of friends and enemies of all samples. These are then used along with spectral graph theory to partition the training set in to border and internal instances.
Cusp bifurcation in the eigenvalue spectrum of PT-symmetric Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Dizdarevic, Daniel
name: Dast, Dennis
name: Haag, Daniel
name: Main, Jörg
name: Cartarius, Holger
name: Wunner, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential features stationary solutions even for attractive contact interaction as long as the particle number and therefore the interaction strength do not exceed a certain limit. Introducing balanced gain and loss into such a system drastically changes the bifurcation scenario at which these states are created. Instead of two tangent bifurcations at which the symmetric and antisymmetric states emerge, one tangent bifurcation between two formerly independent branches arises [D. Haag et al., Phys. Rev. A 89, 023601 (2014)]. We study this transition in detail using a bicomplex formulation of the time-dependent variational principle and find that in fact there are three tangent bifurcations for very small gain-loss contributions which coalesce in a cusp bifurcation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Posterior structural brain volumes differ in maltreated youth with and without chronic posttraumatic stress disorder
Creators: name: Rybczynski, Robert
name: MacFall, James R.
name: Provenzale, James M.
name: Hooper, Stephen R.
name: Chen, Steven D.
name: Boyd, Brian D.
name: Woolley, Donald P.
name: Payne, Martha E.
name: De Bellis, Michael D.
name: Glessner, Christopher E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging studies of maltreated children with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that maltreatment-related PTSD is associated with adverse brain development. Maltreated youth resilient to chronic PTSD were not previously investigated and may elucidate neuromechanisms of the stress diathesis that leads to resilience to chronic PTSD. In this cross-sectional study, anatomical volumetric and corpus callosum diffusion tensor imaging measures were examined using magnetic resonance imaging in maltreated youth with chronic PTSD ( N = 38), without PTSD ( N = 35), and nonmaltreated participants ( n = 59). Groups were sociodemographically similar. Participants underwent assessments for strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and psychopathology. Maltreated youth with PTSD were psychobiologically different from maltreated youth without PTSD and nonmaltreated controls. Maltreated youth with PTSD had smaller posterior cerebral and cerebellar gray matter volumes than did maltreated youth without PTSD and nonmaltreated participants. Cerebral and cerebellar gray matter volumes inversely correlated with PTSD symptoms. Posterior corpus callosum microstructure in pediatric maltreatment-related PTSD differed compared to maltreated youth without PTSD and controls. The group differences remained significant when controlling for psychopathology, numbers of Axis I disorders, and trauma load. Alterations of these posterior brain structures may result from a shared trauma-related mechanism or an inherent vulnerability that mediates the pathway from chronic PTSD to comorbidity.
Validation of Flash Flood Simulations Using Satellite Images and Community-Based Observations—Impact of Infiltration and Small-Scale Topographical Features
Creators: name: Tügel, Franziska
name: Hadidi, Ahmed
name: Özgen-Xian, Ilhan
name: Hou, Jingming
name: Hinkelmann, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: shallow water equations
subject: hydroinformatics modeling system
subject: Green-Ampt Model
subject: data scarcity
subject: Landsat-8
subject: Egypt

description: This work is aimed at investigating flash floods in the region of El Gouna, Egypt, by using a 2D robust shallow-water model that incorporates the Green-Ampt model to find the most realistic infiltration setting for this desert area. The results of different infiltration settings are compared to inundation areas observed from LANDSAT 8 images as well as to community-based information and photographs to validate the results despite scarce data availability. The model tends to overestimate infiltration in the study area if tabulated Green-Ampt parameters for the dominant soil texture class are considered. Specifically, bare soils with no vegetation tend to develop a surface crust, leading to significantly decreased infiltration rates during heavy rainfalls. Comparing the results of different infiltration settings with the observed data showed that the crust approach or the consideration of sandy clay loam instead of sand led to more plausible results for the considered study area than those obtained using the values for sand from two different sources in the literature. Furthermore, small-scale structures, which are not appropriately captured in the original digital surface model, but significantly affect the resulting flow field, have been included based on the available information leading to much more plausible results.
Poverty, household chaos, and interparental aggression predict children's ability to recognize and modulate negative emotions
Creators: name: Raver, C. Cybele
name: Garrett-Peters, Patricia
name: Blair, Clancy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Abstract The following prospective longitudinal study considers the ways that protracted exposure to verbal and physical aggression between parents may take a substantial toll on emotional adjustment for 1,025 children followed from 6 to 58 months of age. Exposure to chronic poverty from infancy to early childhood as well as multiple measures of household chaos were also included as predictors of children's ability to recognize and modulate negative emotions in order to disentangle the role of interparental conflict from the socioeconomic forces that sometimes accompany it. Analyses revealed that exposure to greater levels of interparental conflict, more chaos in the household, and a higher number of years in poverty can be empirically distinguished as key contributors to 58-month-olds' ability to recognize and modulate negative emotion. Implications for models of experiential canalization of emotional processes within the context of adversity are discussed.
title: A survey of epidemiological modeling on networks and investigation of the relationship between the fraction of epidemics that take-off and the endemic level in a network
Creators: name: Selbach-Allen, Megan
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: The basic reproduction number, R0, is an important quantity in disease modelling. While it is well defined for mean field models it is not easily defined on network models. This work involves a literature review for disease modeling in general and networks upon which diseases are modelled. It concludes with an investigation into estimating R0 on a network based upon equivalent quantities, the fraction of epidemics that take-off and endemic level, from the mean-field model. The results show a clear correlation in homogeneous networks, but the relationship is not clear for asymmetric, heterogeneous systems.
Wigner Distributions for Gluons in Light-front Dressed Quark Model
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Asmita
name: Nair, Sreeraj
name: Ojha, Vikash Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of Wigner distributions for gluons in light-front dressed quark model. We calculate the kinetic and canonical gluon orbital angular momentum and spin-orbit correlation of the gluons in this model.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Developmental expression of the Xenopus laevis Tbx20 orthologue
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: We have isolated the Xenopus orthologue of the T-box gene, Tbx20, and characterized its developmental expression profile. We show that Tbx20 is one of the earliest markers of heart tissue in Xenopus, and is expressed throughout all cardiac tissue during later stages of development. In addition, we also observe expression in the cement gland, the jugular vein, the lung bud, the cloacal aperture, rhombomeres 2, 4, 6 and 8, and in a subset of motor neurons.
Expression analysis of epb41l4a during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis
Creators: name: Guo, Yanchun
name: Gessert, Susanne
name: Kühl, Michael
name: Conlon, Frank
name: Christine, Kathleen S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Epbl41l4a (erythrocyte protein band 4.1-like 4a, also named Nbl4) is a member of the band 4.1/Nbl4 (novel band 4.1-like protein 4) group of the FERM (4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin) protein superfamily. Proteins encoded by this gene family are involved in many cellular processes such as organization of epithelial cells and signal transduction. On a molecular level, band 4.1/Nbl4 proteins have been shown to link membrane-associated proteins and lipids to the actin cytoskeleton. Epbl41l4a has also recently been identified as a target gene of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we describe for the first time the spatiotemporal expression of epbl41l4a using Xenopus laevis as a model system. We observed a strong and specific expression of epb41l4a in the developing somites, in particular during segmentation as well as in the nasal and cranial placodes, pronephros, and neural tube. Thus, epbl41l4a is expressed in tissues undergoing morphogenetic movements, suggesting a functional role of epbl41l4a during these processes.
Practical Realization of a Theoretical Optimal-Handling Bicycle
Creators: name: Gilboa, Roy
name: Kubicki, Anastasia
name: Toribio, Anthony
name: Mont Hubbard
name: Moore, Jason K.
Publisher: name: Symposium on the Dynamics and Control of Single Track Vehicles
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91106 Special Vehicles
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 91304 Dynamics, Vibration and Vibration Control
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering

description: This paper is part of the Proceedings of the 2019 Bicycle and Motorcycle Dynamics Conference: A Symposium on the Dynamics and Control of Single Track Vehicles held in Padova, Italy September 9th through 11th in the year 2019.

Artifact ID: 10
Optimizing Defibrillator Deployment with Bus-Mounted Automated External Defibrillator
Creators: name: Li, Hongmei
name: Wu, Ying
name: Luo, Taibo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Early defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED) can effectively improve the survival rate of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Placing AEDs in public locations can reduce the defibrillation response interval from collapse to defibrillation. Most public AEDs are currently placed in a stationary way (S-AED) with limited coverage area. Bus mounted AED (B-AED) can be delivered directly to the demand point. Although B-AEDs are only available during bus operating hours, they provide greater coverage area. When the number of available AEDs is insufficient, better coverage may be achieved by placing a portion of AEDs as B-AEDs. Our purpose is developing a model to determine the optimal locations of B-AEDs and S-AEDs with a predetermined number of available AEDs. The goal is to maximize the total coverage level of all demand points. We proposed a joint location model to place B-AEDs and S-AEDs based on the p-median problem (JPMP). Using data from Chang’an District, Xi’an City, China, we determined the optimal AED deployment. The performance of JPMP was compared with several other models. The coverage results of JPMP are analyzed in details, including the quantity assignment, coverage level, and geographical location of B-AEDs and S-AEDs. The impact of the bus departure intervals on coverage was also discussed. The use of B-AEDs results in an average 98.43% increase in the number of covered demand points, and an average 74.05% increase in total coverage level. In optimal AED deployment, B-AEDs coverage follows an inverted U-shaped curve with increasing number of available AEDs. It begins to decrease when all demand points during the operating hours are covered. With a constant number of available AEDs, the total coverage level increases and then decreases as the bus departure interval increases. The larger the number of available AEDs, the smaller the optimal departure interval. With a given number of available AEDs, combinational deployment of B-AEDs and S-AEDs significantly improves the coverage level. B-AEDs are recommended when AEDs are insufficient. If more AEDs are available, better coverage can be obtained with reasonable location of S-AEDs and B-AEDs.
Quotients of Banach algebras acting on $L^p$-spaces
Creators: name: Gardella, Eusebio
name: Thiel, Hannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L10, 43A15 (Primary), 46J10 (Secondary)

description: We show that the class of Banach algebras that can be isometrically represented on an $L^p$-space, for $p\neq 2$, is not closed under quotients. This answers a question asked by Le Merdy 20 years ago. Our methods are heavily reliant on our earlier study of Banach algebras generated by invertible isometries of $L^p$-spaces.
description: 6 pages. Version 2: minor modifications. To appear in Advances in Math
title: Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III incisors) in children: a Cochrane systematic review
Creators: name: Watkinson, Simon
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Objectives: To assess the effects of orthodontic treatment for Class III incisors in children and adolescents. Design: A Cochrane systematic review. Method: The following databases were searched up to 7th January 2013: Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE via OVID. Selection criteria: All randomised controlled trials of orthodontic treatments to correct Class III incisors. Trials were eligible for inclusion in the review if they recruited children and/or adolescents (aged 16 or less) receiving orthodontic treatment to correct Class III incisors. Trials including patients with a cleft lip and/or palate or other cranio-facial deformity/syndrome were excluded as were trials that had recruited less than 80% children or adolescents or patients who had previously received surgical orthognathic treatment. Active interventions included: orthodontic braces, chin cups, facemasks, reverse headgear, bone-anchored appliances or any other intra or extra-oral appliance aiming to correct Class III incisors. Controls included: No treatment, delayed treatment, other active intervention. Types of Outcome Measures - Primary: Prominence of the lower front teeth (measured in mm or by any index of malocclusion). Secondary: Relationship between upper and lower jaw; psychosocial measures; patient satisfaction; jaw joint problems. Adverse effects: Health of the gums; damage to the teeth e.g. tooth decay. Outcomes were recorded at all ages reported. The results were reported according to the most common endpoints. Adverse effects were recorded and the results reported in descriptive terms. Data collection and analysis: The titles and abstracts of the search results were examined to exclude obviously irrelevant reports. Full text reports of potentially eligible studies were examined for compliance with the eligibility criteria. Screening of references, data extraction and assessment of the risk of bias of included studies, was performed independently and in duplicate by two review authors. The mean differences, with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated for continuous data. Meta-analysis was only used when studies of similar comparisons were reporting comparable outcome measures. A fixed-effect model was used. I2 statistics were used as measures of statistical heterogeneity. Results: Seven randomised controlled trials were included in this review. Of these, four reported on the use of a facemask, two on the chin cup, one on the tandem traction bow appliance and one on mandibular headgear. One study reported on both the chin cup and mandibular headgear appliances. Three trials (n=155) reported ANB differences immediately after treatment with a facemask when compared to an untreated control. The pooled data, for ANB difference, showed a statistically significant mean difference of 3.93 degrees (95%CI 3.46 to 4.39; P
RNA interference can be used to disrupt gene function in tardigrades
Creators: name: Goldstein, Bob
name: McCaskill, Shaina
name: Tenlen, Jennifer R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: How morphological diversity arises is a key question in evolutionary developmental biology. As a long-term approach to address this question, we are developing the water bear Hypsibius dujardini (Phylum Tardigrada) as a model system. We expect that using a close relative of two well-studied models, Drosophila (Phylum Arthropoda) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Phylum Nematoda), will facilitate identifying genetic pathways relevant to understanding the evolution of development. Tardigrades are also valuable research subjects for investigating how organisms and biological materials can survive extreme conditions. Methods to disrupt gene activity are essential to each of these efforts, but no such method yet exists for the Phylum Tardigrada. We developed a protocol to disrupt tardigrade gene functions by double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference (RNAi). We show that targeting tardigrade homologs of essential developmental genes by RNAi produced embryonic lethality, whereas targeting green fluorescent protein did not. Disruption of gene functions appears to be relatively specific by two criteria: targeting distinct genes resulted in distinct phenotypes that were consistent with predicted gene functions, and by RT-PCR, RNAi reduced the level of a target mRNA and not a control mRNA. These studies represent the first evidence that gene functions can be disrupted by RNAi in the phylum Tardigrada. Our results form a platform for dissecting tardigrade gene functions for understanding the evolution of developmental mechanisms and survival in extreme environments.
On the Equivalence Principle and Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies
Creators: name: Trzetrzelewski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a certain extension of the Einstein's elevator thought experiment by assuming that the elevator is charged and falls into an electromagnetic field. We argue, on grounds of the Equivalence Principle, that an observer-dependent metric should exist, for which the geodesics coincide with the trajectories of the charged body in the electromagnetic field. We give a solution to this problem by finding such a metric and hence we are able to recover the Lorentz-force law. Recovery of the leading terms of the radiation reaction force is also possible with this approach.
description: 18 pages
Primary structure and cellular localization of callinectin, an antimicrobial peptide from the blue crab
Creators: name: Robinette, David
name: Noga, Edward J.
name: Wood, Abbey
name: Stone, Kathryn L.
name: Gordon, William L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We report the complete amino acid sequence of callinectin, a 32 amino acid, proline-, arginine-rich AMP with four cysteines and having the sequence WNSNRRFRVGRPPVVGRPGCVCFRAPCPCSNY-amide. The primary structure of callinectin is highly similar to arasins, AMPs recently identified in the small spider crab (Hyas araneus). Callinectin exists in three isomers that vary in the functional group on the tryptophan (W) residue. The most prevalent isomer had a hydroxy-N-formylkynurenine group, while the other two isomers had either N-formylkynurenine or hydroxy-tryptophan. Using a sequence highly similar to native callinectin, we chemically synthesized a peptide which we called callinectin-like peptide (CLP). Via immunoelectron microscopy, affinity-purified rabbit antibodies raised to CLP successfully localized the site of callinectin in blue crab hemocytes to the large electron-dense granules that are found primarily in large granule hemocytes.
title: The effects of prostaglandin F2α on the force / calcium relationship in pregnant rat myometrium
Creators: name: Noble, Debbie
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a myometrial stimulant, both PGF2α and its receptor are reported to increase towards parturition. With high PGF2α levels correlating with pre-term birth, especially those caused by infection. The mechanism by which PGF2α exerts its affects on uterine excitation-contraction coupling is unknown. The aim of this work was to describe the relationship between force and [Ca2+]i in pregnant rat myometrium and the effects of PGF2α on this relationship. The mechanism by which PGF2α exerts its affects was also investigated, focused on the role of Ca2+ entry mechanisms. PGF2α was examined on both longitudinal strips and isolated myocytes from pregnant Wistar rats. Strips were loaded with the Ca2+ sensitive indicator Indo-1AM and simultaneous recording of [Ca2+]i and force were made using a photometric system combined with force measurements, at a sampling rate of 1KHz to get good temporal resolution. Cells were isolated using Liberase Blendzyme 3, loaded with Fluo-4AM, and [Ca2+]i recorded using a Nipkow Disk based confocal imaging system. Pregnant myometrial tissue gave three contractility patterns in control conditions; two spontaneously active, giving either irregular contractions, or smooth phasic contractions, while the third was not spontaneously active but responsive to high-K+ stimulation. All contractions were preceded by a rise in [Ca2+]i which was dependent upon Ca2+ entry through VOCC, while synchronisation was dependent upon gap junctions. PGF2α increased myometrial contractility. In spontaneous tissue there were two responses; firstly an increase in amplitude, duration and frequency of phasic contraction while the second resulted in a tonic-like contraction which lasted for the duration of agonist application. On quiescent tissue, PGF2α resulted in the imitation of spontaneous activity, which ceased upon removal of the agonist. [Ca2+]i mirrored force in respect to frequency and duration, but PGF2α did not increase the amplitude of Ca2+ transient above that seen under normal spontaneous activity. The increase in amplitude of force induced by PGF2α is caused by an increase in the frequency of Ca2+ spikes within the Ca2+ spike burst. PGF2α resulted in the oscillatory release of Ca2+ from the SR in the form of propagating Ca2+ waves, initiated at one end of the cell. Re-admission of external Ca2+ resulted in activation of a nifedipine-resistance Ca2+ influx sensitive to La3+, which suggests that the stimulant action of PGF2α is associated with activation of a Ca2+-release Ca2+-entry coupling mechanism leading to opening of a SOCE pathway. In addition to this PGF2α increase both force and [Ca2+]i when applied in the presence of CPA and nifedipine, suggesting that PGF2α also works in part through a receptor operated and / or non-selective cation channels.
Gene expression profiling of the developing Drosophila CNS midline cells
Creators: name: Kearney, Joseph B.
name: Parente, Beth
name: Wheeler, Scott R.
name: Crews, Stephen T.
name: Estes, Patricia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The Drosophila CNS midline cells constitute a specialized set of interneurons, motorneurons, and glia. The utility of the CNS midline cells as a neurogenomic system to study CNS development derives from the ability to easily identify CNS midline-expressed genes. For this study, we used a variety of sources to identify 281 putative midline-expressed genes, including enhancer trap lines, microarray data, published accounts, and the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) gene expression data. For each gene, we analyzed expression at all stages of embryonic CNS development and categorized expression patterns with regard to specific midline cell types. Of the 281 candidates, we identified 224 midline-expressed genes, which include transcription factors, signaling proteins, and transposable elements. We find that 58 genes are expressed in mesectodermal precursor cells, 138 in midline primordium cells, and 143 in mature midline cells—50 in midline glia, 106 in midline neurons. Additionally, we identified 27 genes expressed in glial and mesodermal cells associated with the midline cells. This work provides the basis for future research that will generate a complete cellular and molecular map of CNS midline development, thus allowing for detailed genetic and molecular studies of neuronal and glial development and function.
Optimizing defibrillator deployment with bus-mounted automated external defibrillator
Creators: name: Li, Hongmei
name: Wu, Ying
name: Luo, Taibo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Early defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED) can effectively improve the survival rate of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Placing AEDs in public locations can reduce the defibrillation response interval from collapse to defibrillation. Most public AEDs are currently placed in a stationary way (S-AED) with limited coverage area. Bus mounted AED (B-AED) can be delivered directly to the demand point. Although B-AEDs are only available during bus operating hours, they provide greater coverage area. When the number of available AEDs is insufficient, better coverage may be achieved by placing a portion of AEDs as B-AEDs. Our purpose is developing a model to determine the optimal locations of B-AEDs and S-AEDs with a predetermined number of available AEDs. The goal is to maximize the total coverage level of all demand points. We proposed a joint location model to place B-AEDs and S-AEDs based on the p-median problem (JPMP). Using data from Chang'an District, Xi'an City, China, we determined the optimal AED deployment. The performance of JPMP was compared with several other models. The coverage results of JPMP are analyzed in details, including the quantity assignment, coverage level, and geographical location of B-AEDs and S-AEDs. The impact of the bus departure intervals on coverage was also discussed. The use of B-AEDs results in an average 98.43% increase in the number of covered demand points, and an average 74.05% increase in total coverage level. In optimal AED deployment, B-AEDs coverage follows an inverted U-shaped curve with increasing number of available AEDs. It begins to decrease when all demand points during the operating hours are covered. With a constant number of available AEDs, the total coverage level increases and then decreases as the bus departure interval increases. The larger the number of available AEDs, the smaller the optimal departure interval. With a given number of available AEDs, combinational deployment of B-AEDs and S-AEDs significantly improves the coverage level. B-AEDs are recommended when AEDs are insufficient. If more AEDs are available, better coverage can be obtained with reasonable location of S-AEDs and B-AEDs.