cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional analysis of molecular markers related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease at different stages of neuronal differentiation.
Creators: name: Balbuena-Olvera, Andrea Joselin
name: Peña-Martínez, Verónica
name: Palomero-Rivero, Marcela
name: Argüero-Sánchez, Rubén
name: Guerra-Crespo, Magdalena
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: Analysis of transcriptional data from cells with α-synuclein triplication at three different stages of maturation (pluripotent, dopaminergic neuron at day 22 in vitro, and dopaminergic neuron at day 31 of maturation in vitro).
Probing the initial mass function of the first stars with transients
Creators: name: Lazar, Alexanders
name: Bromm, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of the first, so-called Population III (Pop III), stars shaped early cosmic history in ways that crucially depends on their initial mass function (IMF). However, because of the absence of direct observational constraints, the detailed IMF remains elusive. Nevertheless, numerical simulations agree in broad terms that the first stars were typically massive and should often end their lives in violent, explosive deaths. These fates include extremely luminous pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) and bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the latter arising from the collapse of rapidly rotating progenitor stars into black holes. These high-redshift transients are expected to be within the detection limits of upcoming space telescope missions, allowing to place effective constraints on the shape of the primordial IMF that is not easily accessible with other probes. This paper presents a framework to probe the Pop III IMF, utilizing the cosmological source densities of high-redshift PISNe and GRBs. Considering these transients separately could provide useful constraints on the Pop III IMF, but tighter bounds are obtainable by combining PISN and GRB counts. This combined diagnostic is more robust as it is independent of the underlying Pop III star formation rate density, an unknown prior. Future surveys promise to capture most high-redshift GRBs across the entire sky, but high-redshift PISN searches with future telescopes, e.g. Roman Space Telescope, will likely be substantially incomplete. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that even such lower bounds on the PISN count will be able to provide key constraints on the primordial IMF, in particular, if it is top-heavy or not.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Precipitation of Sc-containing phases in Al-Si-Sc alloys
Creators: name: Jayshri Milind Dumbre
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 91207 Metals and Alloy Materials
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: Aluminium alloys are increasingly gaining importance in the automotive and aerospace sectors due to their good combination of properties and lightweight. The development of new lightweight alloys holds the potential to improve its fuel efficiency and ultimately the CO2 emission level leading to clean air. This inspired us for the lab-scale development of a new lightweight aluminium alloy containing scandium. The nano-sized coffee bean shaped particles were formed, which are the main cause of the improved mechanical performance of the alloy. Special manufacturing practice, which involves controlled thermo-mechanical processing and heat treatments, was adapted to form this desired microstructure in the said alloy. Various characterisation techniques were utilised to understand the structural, chemical, and physical characteristics of the scandium-containing phases in the alloys.
Testing Lorentz Symmetry with Gravity
Creators: name: Bailey, Quentin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk, results from the gravitational sector of the Standard-Model Extension (SME) are discussed. The weak-field phenomenology of the resulting modified gravitational field equations is explored. The application of the results to a variety of modern gravity experiments, including lunar laser ranging, Gravity Probe B, binary pulsars, and Earth-laboratory tests, shows promising sensitivity to gravitational coefficients for Lorentz violation in the SME.
description: 7 pages, presented at the Fourth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, August 2007
Torsion Cosmology and the Accelerating Universe
Creators: name: Shie, Kun-Feng
name: Nester, James M.
name: Yo, Hwei-Jang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigations of the dynamic modes of the Poincare gauge theory of gravity found only two good propagating torsion modes; they are effectively a scalar and a pseudoscalar. Cosmology affords a natural situation where one might see observational effects of these modes. Here we consider only the ``scalar torsion'' mode. This mode has certain distinctive and interesting qualities. In particular this type of torsion does not interact directly with any known matter and it allows a critical non-zero value for the affine scalar curvature. Via numerical evolution of the coupled nonlinear equations we show that this mode can contribute an oscillating aspect to the expansion rate of the Universe. From the examination of specific cases of the parameters and initial conditions we show that for suitable ranges of the parameters the dynamic ``scalar torsion'' model can display features similar to those of the presently observed accelerating universe.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted by PRD
Thraxions: Towards Full String Models
Creators: name: Carta, Federico
name: Mininno, Alessandro
name: Righi, Nicole
name: Westphal, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elucidate various aspects of the physics of thraxions, ultra-light axions arising at Klebanov-Strassler multi-throats in the compactification space of IIB superstring theory. We study the combined stabilization of Kähler moduli and thraxions, showing that under reasonable assumptions, one can solve the combined problem both in a KKLT and a LVS setup. We find that for non-minimal multi-throats, the thraxion mass squared is three-times suppressed by the throat warp factor. However, the minimal case of a double-throat can preserve the six-times suppression as originally found. We also discuss the backreaction of a non-vanishing thraxion vacuum expectation value on the geometry, showing that it induces a breaking of the imaginary self-duality condition for $3$-form fluxes. This in turn breaks the Calabi-Yau structure to a complex manifold one. Finally, we extensively search for global models which can accommodate the presence of multiple thraxions within the database of Complete Intersection Calabi-Yau orientifolds. We find that each multi-throat system holds a single thraxion. We further point out difficulties in constructing a full-fledged global model, due to the generic presence of frozen-conifold singularities in a Calabi-Yau orientifold. For this reason, we propose a new database (https://www.desy.de/~westphal/orientifold_webpage/cicy_thraxions.html) of CICY orientifolds that do not have frozen conifolds but that admit thraxions.
description: v2: typos corrected, JHEP accepted; v1: 41 pages + 2 appendices
FedMSE: Semi-supervised federated learning approach for IoT network intrusion detection
Creators: name: Nguyen, Van Tuan
name: Beuran, Razvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a novel federated learning approach for improving IoT network intrusion detection. The rise of IoT has expanded the cyber attack surface, making traditional centralized machine learning methods insufficient due to concerns about data availability, computational resources, transfer costs, and especially privacy preservation. A semi-supervised federated learning model was developed to overcome these issues, combining the Shrink Autoencoder and Centroid one-class classifier (SAE-CEN). This approach enhances the performance of intrusion detection by effectively representing normal network data and accurately identifying anomalies in the decentralized strategy. Additionally, a mean square error-based aggregation algorithm (MSEAvg) was introduced to improve global model performance by prioritizing more accurate local models. The results obtained in our experimental setup, which uses various settings relying on the N-BaIoT dataset and Dirichlet distribution, demonstrate significant improvements in real-world heterogeneous IoT networks in detection accuracy from 93.98$\pm$2.90 to 97.30$\pm$0.49, reduced learning costs when requiring only 50\% of gateways participating in the training process, and robustness in large-scale networks.
Semigroups of ideals and isomorphism problems
Creators: name: Garcia-Sanchez, Pedro A.
name: Tringali, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $H$ be a monoid (written multiplicatively). We call $H$ Archimedean if, for all $a, b \in H$ such that $b$ is a non-unit, there is an integer $k \ge 1$ with $b^k \in HaH$; strongly Archimedean if, for each $a \in H$, there is an integer $k \ge 1$ such that $HaH$ contains any product of any $k$ non-units of $H$; and duo if $aH = Ha$ for all $a \in H$.
 We prove that the ideals of two strongly Archimedean, cancellative, duo monoids make up isomorphic semigroups under the induced operation of setwise multiplication if and only if the monoids themselves are isomorphic up to units; and the same holds upon restriction to finitely generated ideals in Archimedean, cancellative, duo monoids. Then we use the previous results to tackle a new case of a problem of Tamura and Shafer from the late 1960s.
description: 12 pp., to appear in Proceedings of the Amer. Math. Soc
title: The ecology and conservation of the pink pigeon Columba Mayeri in Mauritius.
Creators: name: Swinnerton, Kirsty Jane
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: The pink pigeon Columba mayeri was a critically endangered endemic bird from Mauritius= in the Indian Ocean. The species reached its lowest point of between 10 and 20 birds in 1975 and the wild population continued to decline to 9 or 10 birds in 1990. The causes of decline included habitat destruction, seasonal food shortages and predation by introduced mammals. Between 1987 and 1997, 256 captive-reared birds were released on Mauritius at three sites. Free-living birds were intensively managed and between 1988 and 1998, 429 young fledged in the wild. The population numbered 297 birds at the end of 1998. Factors limiting survival and reproductive success were identified and an assessment of the re-introduction programme made. Mean survival of j'Qveniles (up to one year old) was 68% and adults 83% per year. Median age at egg-laying for females was 10.9 months and fertility 58.6%. Mean annual nest success was 18.4% and productivity 1.2 young per female from 1992. Productivity for males and females peaked in year one and there was large individual variation, 9% of females produced 43% of young. Survival, nest success and productivity varied between sites, were affected by inbreeding and were poorer for released birds than wild-fledged birds. Causes of nesting failure included predation, infertility and disease. Unhatched eggs accounted for 56% of failed nests in a predator-free environment. Disease affected survival of fledged birds and squabs. On lIe aux Aigrettes trichomoniasis affected 49% of squabs. About 10% of all birds suffered from avian pox and 36% of all birds were infected with Leucocytozoon marchouxi. As a result of the programme, the pink pigeon has been down-listed to endangered. With management, survival and productivity are sufficient to contribute to population growth. This programme was considered a good example of the interface between captive-breeding and the recovery of a wild population.
Vector space bases associated to vanishing ideals of points
Creators: name: Lundqvist, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P10, 92C40

description: We discuss four different constructions of vector space bases associated to vanishing ideals of points. We show how to compute normal forms with respect to these bases and give new complexity bounds. As an application, we improve the computational algebra approach to the reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks.
description: 21 pages
Quantum theory without classical time: octonions, and a theoretical derivation of the fine structure constant 1/137
Creators: name: Singh, Tejinder P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There must exist a reformulation of quantum field theory which does not refer to classical time. We propose a pre-quantum, pre-spacetime theory, which is a matrix-valued Lagrangian dynamics for gravity, Yang-Mills fields, and fermions. The definition of spin in this theory leads us to an eight dimensional octonionic space-time. The algebra of the octonions reveals the standard model; model parameters are determined by roots of the cubic characteristic equation of the exceptional Jordan algebra. We derive the asymptotic low energy value 1/137 of the fine structure constant, and predict the existence of universally interacting spin one Lorentz bosons, which replace the hypothesised graviton. Gravity is not to be quantized, but is an emergent four-dimensional classical phenomenon, precipitated by the spontaneous localisation of highly entangled fermions.
description: 9 pages, honorable mention in Gravity Research Foundation Essay Contest 2021, v2: references updated. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.02062
Oxidae Oudemans 1941
Creators: name: Smit, Harry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Oxidae

description: Family Oxidae Oudemans, 1941   The water mite family Oxidae is represented in New Zealand by the genus Flabellifrontipoda, with nine species known so far. Cook (1983) collected a specimen of the genus Oxus, but left it unnamed as only a nymph was taken. Smit (1996) collected water mites in a number of lentic and lotic locations of the South Island, New Zealand, but no other members of the family Oxidae were found.
description: Published as part of Smit, Harry, 2002, Two new water mite species from New Zealand (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 1-10 in Zootaxa 61 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156146
Protein structure classification based on X-ray laser induced Coulomb explosion
Creators: name: André, Tomas
name: Dawod, Ibrahim
name: Cardoch, Sebastian
name: De Santis, Emiliano
name: Timneanu, Nicusor
name: Caleman, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulated the Coulomb explosion dynamics due to the fast ionization induced by high-intensity X-rays in six proteins that share similar atomic content and shape. We followed and projected the trajectory of the fragments onto a virtual detector, providing a unique explosion footprint. After collecting 500 explosion footprints for each protein, we utilized principal component analysis and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to classify these. The results show that the classification algorithms were able to separate proteins on the basis of explosion footprints from structurally similar proteins into distinct groups. The explosion footprints, therefore, provide a unique identifier for each of the proteins. We envision that method could be used concurrently with single particle coherent imaging experiments to provide additional information on shape, mass, or conformation.
description: 6 pages. 4 figures
Collective motion in quantum diffusive environment
Creators: name: Kolomietz, V. M.
name: Åberg, S.
name: Radionov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general problem of dissipation in macroscopic large-amplitude collective motion and its relation to energy diffusion of intrinsic degrees of freedom of a nucleus is studied. By applying the cranking approach to the nuclear many-body system, a set of coupled dynamical equations for the collective classical variable and the quantum mechanical occupancies of the intrinsic nuclear states is derived. Different dynamical regimes of the intrinsic nuclear motion and its consequences on time properties of collective dissipation are discussed.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Probabilistic Pareto plan generation for semiautomated multicriteria radiation therapy treatment planning
Creators: name: Zhang, Tianfang
name: Bokrantz, Rasmus
name: Olsson, Jimmy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Objective: We propose a semiautomatic pipeline for radiation therapy treatment planning, combining ideas from machine learning-automated planning and multicriteria optimization (MCO). Approach: Using knowledge extracted from historically delivered plans, prediction models for spatial dose and dose statistics are trained and furthermore systematically modified to simulate changes in tradeoff priorities, creating a set of differently biased predictions. Based on the predictions, an MCO problem is subsequently constructed using previously developed dose mimicking functions, designed in such a way that its Pareto surface spans the range of clinically acceptable yet realistically achievable plans as exactly as possible. The result is an algorithm outputting a set of Pareto optimal plans, either fluence-based or machine parameter-based, which the user can navigate between in real time to make adjustments before a final deliverable plan is created. Main results: Numerical experiments performed on a dataset of prostate cancer patients show that one may often navigate to a better plan than one produced by a single-plan-output algorithm. Significance: We demonstrate the potential of merging MCO and a data-driven workflow to automate labor-intensive parts of the treatment planning process while maintaining a certain extent of manual control for the user.
Magnetic field modification of ultracold molecule-molecule collisions
Creators: name: Tscherbul, T. V.
name: Suleimanov, Yu. V.
name: Aquilanti, V.
name: Krems, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an accurate quantum mechanical study of molecule-molecule collisions in the presence of a magnetic field. The work focusses on the analysis of elastic scattering and spin relaxation in collisions of O2(3Sigma_g) molecules at cold (~0.1 K) and ultracold (~10^{-6} K) temperatures. Our calculations show that magnetic spin relaxation in molecule-molecule collisions is extremely efficient except at magnetic fields below 1 mT. The rate constant for spin relaxation at T=0.1 K and a magnetic field of 0.1 T is found to be as large as 6.1 x 10^{-11} cm3/s. The magnetic field dependence of elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections at ultracold temperatures is dominated by a manifold of Feshbach resonances with the density of ~100 resonances per Tesla for collisions of molecules in the absolute ground state. This suggests that the scattering length of ultracold molecules in the absolute ground state can be effectively tuned in a very wide range of magnetic fields. Our calculations demonstrate that the number and properties of the magnetic Feshbach resonances are dramatically different for molecules in the absolute ground and excited spin states. The density of Feshbach resonances for molecule-molecule scattering in the low-field-seeking Zeeman state is reduced by a factor of 10.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in New J. Phys. (special issue on ultracold molecules)
Impact ionization fronts in semiconductors: superfast propagation due to "nonlocalized" preionization
Creators: name: Rodin, Pavel
name: Minarsky, Andey
name: Grekhov, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a new mode of ionization front passage in semiconductor structures. The front of avalanche ionization propagates into an intrinsic semiconductor with a constant electric field $E_{\rm m}$ in presence of a small concentration of free nonequilibrium carriers - so called preionization. We show that if the profile of these initial carriers decays in the direction of the front propagation with a characteristic exponent $λ$, the front velocity is determined by $v_f \approx 2 β_{\rm m}/λ$, where $β_{\rm m} \equiv β(E_{\rm m})$ is the corresponding ionization frequency. By a proper choice of the preionization profile one can achieve front velocities $v_f$ that exceed the saturated drift velocity $v_s$ by several orders of magnitude even in moderate electric fields. Our propagation mechanism differs from the one for well-known TRAPATT fronts. Finally, we discuss physical reasons for the appearance of preionization profiles with slow spatial decay.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Parity violation in hydrogen revisited
Creators: name: Dunford, R. W.
name: Holt, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider parity violation experiments in atomic hydrogen and deuterium in the light of existing tests of the Electroweak interactions, and assess whether new experiments, using improved experimental techniques, could make useful contributions to testing the Standard Model (SM). We find that, if parity experiments in hydrogen can be done, they remain highly desirable because there is negligible atomic-physics uncertainty and low energy tests of weak neutral current interactions are needed to probe for new physics beyond the SM. Of particular interest would be a measurement of the nuclear spin independent coupling C_{1D} for the deuteron at a combined error (theory + experiment) of 0.3%. This would provide a factor of three improvement to the precision on sin^2 theta_W at very low momentum transfer provided by heavy atom Atomic Parity Violation (APV) experiments. Also, experiments in H and D could provide precise measurements of three other electron-nucleon, weak-neutral-current coupling constants: C_{1p}, C_{2p},and C_{2D}, which have not been accurately determined to date. Analysis of a generic APV experiment in deuterium indicates that a 0.3% measurement of C_{1D} requires development of a slow (77K) metastable beam of ~ 5x10^14 D(2S) s^-1 per hyperfine component. The advent of UV radiation from free electron laser (FEL) technology could allow production of such a beam.
description: This version contains minor modifications to several sections to clarify some fine points. Also, several references have been added. 24 pages, 7 figures
CGKN: A Deep Learning Framework for Modeling Complex Dynamical Systems and Efficient Data Assimilation
Creators: name: Chen, Chuanqi
name: Chen, Nan
name: Zhang, Yinling
name: Wu, Jin-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Deep learning is widely used to predict complex dynamical systems in many scientific and engineering areas. However, the black-box nature of these deep learning models presents significant challenges for carrying out simultaneous data assimilation (DA), which is a crucial technique for state estimation, model identification, and reconstructing missing data. Integrating ensemble-based DA methods with nonlinear deep learning models is computationally expensive and may suffer from large sampling errors. To address these challenges, we introduce a deep learning framework designed to simultaneously provide accurate forecasts and efficient DA. It is named Conditional Gaussian Koopman Network (CGKN), which transforms general nonlinear systems into nonlinear neural differential equations with conditional Gaussian structures. CGKN aims to retain essential nonlinear components while applying systematic and minimal simplifications to facilitate the development of analytic formulae for nonlinear DA. This allows for seamless integration of DA performance into the deep learning training process, eliminating the need for empirical tuning as required in ensemble methods. CGKN compensates for structural simplifications by lifting the dimension of the system, which is motivated by Koopman theory. Nevertheless, CGKN exploits special nonlinear dynamics within the lifted space. This enables the model to capture extreme events and strong non-Gaussian features in joint and marginal distributions with appropriate uncertainty quantification. We demonstrate the effectiveness of CGKN for both prediction and DA on three strongly nonlinear and non-Gaussian turbulent systems: the projected stochastic Burgers-Sivashinsky equation, the Lorenz 96 system, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The results justify the robustness and computational efficiency of CGKN.
Cooling, Gravity and Geometry: Flow-driven Massive Core Formation
Creators: name: Heitsch, Fabian
name: Hartmann, Lee
name: Slyz, Adrianne D.
name: Devriendt, Julien E. G.
name: Burkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the formation of molecular clouds in large-scale colliding flows including self-gravity. The models emphasize the competition between the effects of gravity on global and local scales in an isolated cloud. Global gravity builds up large-scale filaments, while local gravity -- triggered by a combination of strong thermal and dynamical instabilities -- causes cores to form. The dynamical instabilities give rise to a local focusing of the colliding flows, facilitating the rapid formation of massive protostellar cores of a few 100 M$_\odot$. The forming clouds do not reach an equilibrium state, though the motions within the clouds appear comparable to ``virial''. The self-similar core mass distributions derived from models with and without self-gravity indicate that the core mass distribution is set very early on during the cloud formation process, predominantly by a combination of thermal and dynamical instabilities rather than by self-gravity.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted by ApJ
Can re-entrance be observed in force induced transitions?
Creators: name: Kumar, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large conformational change in the reaction co-ordinate and the role of the solvent in the formation of base-pairing are combined to settle a long standing issue {\it i.e.} prediction of re-entrance in the force induced transition of DNA. A direct way to observe the re-entrance, i.e a strand goes to the closed state from the open state and again to the open state with temperature, appears difficult to be achieved in the laboratory. An experimental protocol (in direct way) in the constant force ensemble is being proposed for the first time that will enable the observation of the re-entrance behavior in the force-temperature plane. Our exact results for small oligonucleotide that forms a hairpin structure provide the evidence that re-entrance can be observed.
description: 12 pages and 5 figures (RevTex4). Accepted in Europhys Lett. (2009)
Ultrafast dynamics of surface electromagnetic waves in nanohole array on metallic film
Creators: name: Kirakosyan, A. S.
name: Tong, M.
name: Shahbazyan, T. V.
name: Vardeny, Z. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ultrafast dynamics of surface electromagnetic waves photogenerated on aluminum film perforated with subwavelength holes array by means of transient photomodulation with 100 fs time resolution. We observed a pronounced blueshift of the resonant transmission band that reveals the important role of plasma attenuation in the dynamics and that is inconsistent with plasmon-polariton mechanism of extraordinary transmission. The transient photomodulation spectra were successfully modeled within the Boltzmann equation approach for the electron-phonon relaxation dynamics, involving non-equilibrium hot electrons and quasi-equilibrium phonons.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Invited paper in Special Issue "Optics on the Nanoscale II"
Designing new catalytic nanoreactors for the regioselective epoxidation of geraniol by the post-synthetic immobilization of oxovanadium(IV) complexes on a ZrIV-based metal–organic framework
Creators: name: Dehghanpour, Saeed
name: Moones Pourkhosravani
name: Faezeh Farzaneh
name: Samaneh Sohrabi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crystallography
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry

description: AbstractTwo post-synthetic strategies have been used to prepare oxovanadium(IV) complexes covalently anchored to the organic linkers of UiO-66(NH2) (UiO = University of Oslo) metal–organic framework. In the first method, the available amino groups of UiO-66(NH2) were treated with salicylaldehyde to form the modified UiO-66 (UiO-66-SI). The synthesized UiO-66-SI was then treated with [VO(acac)2] to produce UiO-66-SI/VO(acac). In the second method, UiO-66(NH2) was directly treated with [VO(acac)2] to form UiO-66-N/VO(acac)2. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, XRD, N2 sorption, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, ICP-AES, TGA and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The catalytic performances of UiO-66-SI/VO(acac) and UiO-66-N/VO(acac)2 were assessed in the epoxidation of geraniol with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The results indicated 100% conversion with 100% selectivity towards 2,3-epoxygeraniol after 60 and 120 min of reaction time. These excellent catalytic activities can be attributed to the high dispersion of the catalytic sites on MOF and the proper pore size of UiO-66(NH2). Moreover, the structure of both catalysts remains intact during the catalytic reaction and the catalysts can be successfully recycled three times. High yields and excellent selectivity towards the 2,3-epoxygeraniol product, short reaction time, mild reaction conditions and recyclability of the solid catalysts are some of the advantages of these catalytic systems.
Ramicrusta D. R. Zhang & J. H. Zhou. emend. E. M. S. Pestana, G. N. Santos, Cassano & J. M. C. Nunes 1981
Creators: name: Pestana, Edilene Maria Dos Santos
name: Lyra, Goia De Mattos
name: Santos, Gabriel Do Nascimento
name: Santos, Cibele Conceição Dos
name: Cassano, Valéria
name: Nunes, José Marcos De Castro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Rhodophyta
Cryptonemiales
Peyssonneliaceae
Ramicrusta

description: Ramicrusta D. R. Zhang & J. H. Zhou. emend. E. M. S. Pestana, G. N. Santos, Cassano & J. M. C. Nunes
Type species: Ramicrusta nanhaiensis D. R. Zhang & J. H. Zhou (1981).
Description: — Thalli strongly calcified, crustaceous, provided with dense and irregularly branched excrescences. Hypothallus composed of one layer of cells, some with unicellular or multicellular rhizoids. Perithallus in longitudinal section differentiated into two zones, one with several large cells and the other with several small cells that may overlap alternately, thickening the crust. Cell-fusions between neighboring filaments common; secondary pit connections present or absent. Epithallium composed of 1-3 layers of small cells, heterocyst often present among epidermal cells. Tetrasporangial nemathecia prominent above the surface; tetrasporangia cruciate. Gametophytic specimens were not observed in the present study.
description: Published as part of Pestana, Edilene Maria Dos Santos, Lyra, Goia De Mattos, Santos, Gabriel Do Nascimento, Santos, Cibele Conceição Dos, Cassano, Valéria & Nunes, José Marcos De Castro, 2020, Integrative approach reveals underestimated Peyssonneliales diversity in Brazil: registering the first occurrence of Ramicrusta and Incendia, with the description of three new species, pp. 39-55 in Phytotaxa 439 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.439.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13873450
4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity From Non-Einsteinian Phase
Creators: name: Sengupta, Sandipan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We set up an Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory in four dimensions, based on the recent formulation of pure gravity with extra dimensions of vanishing metrical length [1]. In absence of torsion, the effective field equations depend only on the four-metric, reflecting a quadratic curvature nonlinearity but no higher than second order derivatives. In contrast with recent proposals to obtain 4dEGB theories through a singular rescaling of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling, this formalism requires no (classical) regularization of divergences and is inequivalent to Horndeski gravity, while being generally covariant and independent of compactification. Notably, the vacuum field equations admit FLRW cosmologies containing nonsingular bounce and self-accelerating Universe, and spherically symmetric black holes more general than Schwarzschild. The quadratic theory of gravity emerging here is shown to be preserved against the inclusion of higher Lovelock densities in 5+2n dimensions.
description: 25 pages, Title changed, Minor revisions to match the journal version
Strongly adapted contact geometry of Anosov 3-flows
Creators: name: Hozoori, Surena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a 3 dimensional contact geometric characterization of Anosov 3-flows based on interactions with Reeb dynamics. We investigate basic properties of the space of the resulting geometries and in particular show that such space is homotopy equivalent to the space of Anosov 3-flows. A technical theorem on the asymptotic synchronization of adapted norms is proved, which can be of broader interest.
description: Final pre-publication version: To be published in Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Collection on "Symplectic geometry and Anosov flows"). 31 pages, 6 figures. Comments are welcome!
АДАПТАЦИЯ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЯ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ
Creators: name: ЛОБАНОВ Дмитрий Игоревич
name: ПЕТЕЛИНА Елизавета Александровна
name: БАГРЕЕВА Елена Геннадиевна
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2020
Subjects: малое и среднее предпринимательство; правонарушение; пандемия; коронавирус; экономика; развитие; рынок; отрасли экономики; государство; проблемы развития; ускорение развития

description: Актуальность исследования вызвана сложным социально-экономическим положением субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства в период пандемии. В ходе исследования были изучены проблемы правового регулирования малого и среднего предпринимательства в условиях сложной экономической ситуации. Также выделены пути развития этого субъекта экономики с опорой на запросы потребителей и технологические достижения. Выявление путей развития малого и среднего предпринимательства в сложных экономических условиях может позволить предпринимателям выбрать наиболее подходящие способы поддержания своего дела для сохранения бизнеса, его конкурентоспособности. Рассмотрены способы взаимодействия государства, как субъекта, который заинтересован в поддержке и функционировании малого и среднего предпринимательства в национальной экономике.
TA'LIM MUASSASALARIDA XODIMLARNI BOSHQARISH MEXANIZMLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH YO'LLARI VA RAHBARLARNING MOLIYAVIY HUQUQLARI
Creators: name: Qambarov, Xalimjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi ta’lim muassasalarida xodimlarni boshqarish mexanizmlarini takomillashtirish va rahbarlarning moliyaviy huquqlarini kengaytirish masalalari ilmiy nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilingan. Boshqaruv tizimining samaradorligi ta’lim sifatiga bevosita ta’sir ko‘rsatishi sababli, mavjud boshqaruv mexanizmlarining zaif tomonlari o‘rganilgan va ularni takomillashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari surilgan. Xususan, ta’lim muassasalari rahbarlarining moliyaviy mustaqilligini oshirish, xodimlarni samarali rag‘batlantirish tizimini yaratish, hamda xalqaro tajribaga asoslangan innovatsion boshqaruv yondashuvlarini joriy etish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqilgan.
Isoglossa humbertii Mildbraed 1937
Creators: name: Champluvier, Dominique
name: Fischer, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Acanthaceae
Isoglossa
Isoglossa humbertii

description: Isoglossa humbertii Mildbraed (1937: 358) (Figs. 5 – 6)
Type: — DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO. Montagnes à l’Ouest du Lac Kivu, entre Tshibinda et le marais Kanzibi, (au SE du marais, 2000–2400 m, February–March1929, Humbert 7445 (holotype B †; isotype BR0000006273507!, P!).
Specimens examined:— DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO. Lacs Edouard et Kivu. Kivu, Kalehe, km 25 route Kavumu – Walikale, Mt. Kahuzi, 2600 m, 1 July 1955, Christiaensen 947 (BR); Kivu, Kalehe, 27 November 1955, Deuse 55/9 (BR); Distrikt Kivu-Sud, Kahuzisattel, an der Strasse Bukavu – Walikale, 2600 m, 23 January 1955, Stauffer 1121 (BR); Mt. Bukulumiza, Mulungu, Kivu-Sud, 2300 m, 13 December 1956, Pierlot 1421 (BR); Bukumuliza, Mulungu, Kabare, 2400 m, 8 October 1958, Gutzwiller 3679 (BR); Kamatale, Gungu, Masisi, 2380 m, 30 June 1958, Gutzwiller 1910 (BR). UGANDA. U3, Toro District, Ruwenzori, Butahu valley, July 1932, Humphreys 1362 (K).
Note:— A specimen from Ruwenzori (Ross 918, Nyamagasani Valley, Musalombe Forest, K), with up to 6.5 cm wide leaves and crisped hairs (see Darbyshire et al. 2010) is here excluded until further studies are available.
description: Published as part of Champluvier, Dominique & Fischer, Eberhard, 2020, Isoglossa darbyshirei (Acanthaceae), a new plietesial species from the Albertine Rift (Rwanda, Burundi), pp. 276-288 in Phytotaxa 438 (5) on page 285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.438.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13873481
Length and area generating functions for height-restricted Motzkin meanders
Creators: name: Polychronakos, Alexios P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive the length and area generating function of planar height-restricted forward-moving discrete paths of increments +1, 0, or -1 with arbitrary starting and ending points, the so-called Motzkin meanders, and the more general length-area generating functions for Motzkin paths with markers monitoring the number of passages from the two height boundaries ('floor' and 'ceiling') and the time spent there. The results are obtained by embedding Motzkin paths in a two-step anisotropic Dyck path process and using propagator, exclusion statistics and bosonization techniques. We also present a cluster expansion of the logarithm of the generating functions that makes their polynomial structure explicit. These results are relevant to the derivation of statistical mechanical properties of physical systems such as polymers, vesicles, and solid-on-solid interfaces.
description: Version to appear in Phys.Rev.E; includes additional references and discussion
title: Optimal Control Strategies for Quantum Thermal Machines
Creators: name: Schrom, Katharina
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimal control theory
subject: Bose gas
subject: quantum many-body systems
subject: BEC
subject: control engineering

description: Moderne Versuchsaufbauten zur Erzeugung und Manipulation von Bose-Einstein Kondensaten eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten in der Realisierung von quantenmechanischen Wärmepumpen, dem Analog zur klassischen Wärmepumpe zur Manipulation des Quantenfeldes des Gases. Mit dem Ziel, die Performance einer solchen Wärmepumpe durch optimale Ansteuerung zu verbessern, wird die Dynamik des Quasi-Kondensats im Experiment imRahmen der Mean-Field Theorie und für Temperaturen über dem absoluten Nullpunkt untersucht. Dazu werden optimale Trajektorien für alle Teilsequenzen der Wärmepumpe berechnet, sodass Anregungen des Mean-Fields minimiert werden. Zur Lösung des Optimalsteuerungsproblems werden verschiedene Ansätze miteinander verglichen. Darüber hinaus wird ein Minimum-Varianz Schätzer für fluktuierende Modellparameter entworfen. In der Untersuchung von thermischen Zuständen wird gezeigt, dass diese optimalen Trajektorien auch den Eintrag zusätzlicher thermischer Energie zu einem großen Teil verhindern können.
description: Advanced experimental setups to prepare and manipulate Bose-Einstein Condensates open the possibility to realise quantum field thermal machines (QFTMs), the analogue to classical heat pumps acting on the quantum field of a gas. With the aim of enhancing the performance of such systems, this work studies the dynamics of the experimental quasi condensate within mean-field theory and for non-zero temperatures. Optimal trajectories for a complete cooling cycle are derived that minimise mean-field excitations whereby different approaches are compared. A minimum variance estimator is designed to adapt parameters of the mathematical model based on experimental data. In studying the condensate at non-zero temperatures, we find that trajectories that minimise mean-field excitations also alleviate undesired heating during the cooling sequence.
A new analysis of galaxy 2-point functions in the BOSS survey, including full-shape information and post-reconstruction BAO
Creators: name: Chen, Shi-Fan
name: Vlah, Zvonimir
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for consistent, joint analysis of the pre- and post-reconstruction two-point functions of the BOSS survey. The post-reconstruction correlation function is used to accurately measure the distance-redshift relation and expansion history, while the pre-reconstruction power spectrum multipoles constrain the broad-band shape and the rate-of-growth of large-scale structure. Our technique uses Lagrangian perturbation theory to self-consistently work at the level of two-point functions, i.e.\ directly with the measured data, without approximating the constraints with summary statistics normalized by the drag scale. Combining galaxies across the full redshift range and both hemispheres we constrain $Ω_m=0.303 \pm 0.0082$, $H_0=69.23 \pm 0.77$ and $σ_8=0.733 \pm 0.047$ within the context of $Λ$CDM. These constraints are in good agreement both with the Planck primary CMB anisotropy data and recent cosmic shear surveys.
description: 39 pages, 10 figures, updated to correct minor typos and match version in JCAP. Note updated results from v1 fixing bug in code
Prospects for Axion Dark Matter Searches at LISA-like Interferometers
Creators: name: Yao, Yue-Hui
name: Jiang, Tingyuan
name: Tang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axion or axionlike particles are one of the leading candidates for dark matter. Because of its tiny coupling with photons, axion dark matter in the background can induce distinct phase velocities for light with different parity, an effect known as birefringence. Here, we propose a modification to the polarization state of the interspacecraft laser link in LISA-like interferometers to make them sensitive to this birefringence effect. We discuss the prospects of using the Sagnac combinations to search for axion dark matter and derive the corresponding sensitivity. With this setup, we show that next-generation laser interferometers in space would have promising sensitivities on the axion-photon coupling with axion mass around $10^{-19} - 10^{-14}~\text{eV}$.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, PRD published version
On the Number of Nodal Domains of Random Spherical Harmonics
Creators: name: Nazarov, Fedor
name: Sodin, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let N(f) be a number of nodal domains of a random Gaussian spherical harmonic f of degree n. We prove that as n grows to infinity, the mean of N(f)/n^2 tends to a positive constant, and that N(f)/n^2 exponentially concentrates around that constant. This result is consistent with predictions made by Bogomolny and Schmit using a percolation-like model for nodal domains of random Gaussian plane waves.
description: 20 pages
title: Promoting the right to work of disabled people? : a historical comparative analysis of Sweden, Great Britain and Taiwan.
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-yu Nancy
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: This study aims to compare and analyse the similarities and differences in the approaches adopted by Sweden, Great Britain and Taiwan, on the issue of the right to work of disabled people. Drawing from the three welfare models proposed by EspingAndersen (1990, 1999), the study attempts to examine the validity of the three models in explaining the differing approaches taken by the three countries. The historical comparative analysis method is used to answer the three research questions posed in this study. Data was collected mainly by the documentary analysis method. However, to fill the gap in information that the documents did not provide, in-depth interviews, email, postal, and telephone contacts were also carried out as complementary data collection methods This study shows that the welfare models are useful in explaining the differing degrees of inclusiveness in terms of the main policy directions of the three countries. However, a distinction between the 'provision' type and 'market intervention' type of programmes should be made, in order to capture the differences in the power structure and the mechanisms in the differing welfare models. In addition, in all three countries, the role of the disability movement in changing the definitions of disability in the policies has to be highlighted Furthermore, I argue that in all three countries, the labour market programmes specifically designed for disabled people are based on the capitalist value of individual market merits. If this value is not changed fundamentally and if the right to work does not include the right to participate in the labour market and to be included in the society, regardless of an individual's market merits, labour market programmes in all three countnes will continue to promote the right to work of only those groups of disabled people who tend to be more competitive in the labour market.