cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Glassiness through the emergence of effective dynamical constraints in interacting systems
Creators: name: Garrahan, Juan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I describe a class of spin models with short--range plaquette interactions whose static equilibrium properties are trivial but which display glassy dynamics at low temperatures. These models have a dual description in terms of free defects subject to effective kinetic constraints, and are thus an explicit realization of the constrained dynamics picture of glassy systems.
description: Invited talk at ESF SPHINX meeting `Glassy behaviour of kinetically constrained models' (Barcelona, March 2001). To appear in J. Phys. Condens. Matter
Supplementary methods and tables from The dynamics underlying avian extinction trajectories forecast a wave of extinctions
Creators: name: Monroe, Melanie J.
name: Butchart, Stuart H. M.
name: Mooers, Arne O.
name: Bokma, Folmer
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Population decline is a process, yet estimates of current extinction rates often consider just the final step of that process by counting numbers of species lost in historical times. This neglects the increased extinction risk that affects a large proportion of species, and consequently underestimates the effective extinction rate. Here, we model observed trajectories through IUCN Red List extinction risk categories for all bird species globally over 28 years, and estimate an overall effective extinction rate of 2.17 × 10−4/species/year. This is six times higher than the rate of outright extinction since 1500, as a consequence of the large number of species whose status is deteriorating. We very conservatively estimate that global conservation efforts have reduced the effective extinction rate by 40%, but mostly through preventing critically endangered species from going extinct rather than by preventing species at low risk from moving into higher risk categories. Our findings suggest that extinction risk in birds is accumulating much more than previously appreciated, but would be even greater without conservation efforts.
Crystal structure of mixed fluorites Ca(1-x)Sr(x)F(2) and Sr(1-x)Ba(x)F(2) and luminescence of Eu(2+) in the crystals
Creators: name: Nikiforov, A. E.
name: Zaharov, A. Yu.
name: Chernyshev, V. A.
name: Ougrumov, M. Yu.
name: Kotomanov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of the virtual crystal method implemented in the shell model and pair potential approximation the crystal structure of mixed fluorites Ca(1-x)Sr(x)F(2) and Sr(1-x)Ba(x)F(2) has been calculated. The impurity center Eu(2+) and the distance Eu(2+)-F in this crystals have been also calculated. The low level position of excited 4f65d configuration of the Eu(2+) ion has been expressed using phenomenological dependence on distance E(2+)-F. The dependences of Stokes shift and Huang-Rhys factor on concentration x have been received for yellow luminescence in Sr(1-x)Ba(x)F(2):Eu(2+). The value x, for which the eg -level of Eu(2+) ion will be in conduction band in Sr(1-x)Ba(x)F(2):Eu(2+) has been calculated.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. The manuscript is sent to journal 'Physics of the solid state'. The results will be submitted on inernational conference SCINTMAT'2002 in oral session (june,20-22,2002,Ekaterinburg,Russia). Corresponding author e-mail: vladimir.chernyshev@usu.ru
Additional file 1 of Community mobilisation approaches to preventing and reducing adolescent multiple risk behaviour: a realist review protocol
Creators: name: Tinner Laura
name: Caldwell Deborah
name: Rona, Campbell
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist.
D&D_working paper_GOLA_final.pdf
Creators: name: Gola, Alessandra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 120103 Architectural History and Theory
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Since 1948, the everyday existence of Palestinians is characterised by manifold experiences of displacement. Starting with refugees, passing to exiles, returnees, nomadic communities -the Bedouins-, urbanised villagers, economic and educational migrants, and black-market labours going back and forth from Israel and its settlements in the West Bank, each of these experiences of displacement is connoted by a different relation with temporariness and a different conceptualisation of the home, expressed on the ground by distinctive built structures and everyday practices. At the same time, the various types of displacements can be also read as the outcome of specific aspects of complex historical processes. In so far, the scholarly debate approached the Palestinian case mainly through the lenses of the conflict, hence often overlooking other dynamics that derive less directly from the Israeli occupation and that, nevertheless, are equally core to the construction of the Palestinian socio-spatial identity in the contemporary. This contribution pursues a close-up view of the different homing cultures deriving from two processes of displacement that mostly characterise the today’s urban West Bank, explored through the case of two households respectively settled in Al-Amari Refugee Camp and Umm Al-Sharayiet. Although closely situated in the suburb of Ramallah, the study cases represent quite opposite socio-spatial systems coexisting in the city, with Al-Amari being the long-term outcome of the forcible eviction of Palestinians by the Israeli occupation since 1948, developed through incremental and informal dynamics, and Umm Al-Sharayiet a recent neighbourhood largely built by private speculators in response to the internal migration of clerical workers from minor centres across the West Bank. Drawing from Setha Low’s concept of “homing the city” (2016) and relying upon an extensive fieldwork that interpolates full-immersive ethnographic methods and architectural analysis, this contribution will redraw the relation with home and temporariness expressed by the two cases, contextualising the experience in the field within the broader frame of displacement processes.
Liquid antiferromagnets in two dimensions
Creators: name: Timm, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that, for proper symmetry of the parent lattice, antiferromagnetic order can survive in two-dimensional liquid crystals and even isotropic liquids of point-like particles, in contradiction to what common sense might suggest. We discuss the requirements for antiferromagnetic order in the absence of translational and/or orientational lattice order. One example is the honeycomb lattice, which upon melting can form a liquid crystal with quasi-long-range orientational and antiferromagnetic order but short-range translational order. The critical properties of such systems are discussed. Finally, we draw conjectures for the three-dimensional case.
description: 4 pages RevTeX, 4 figures included
Local modified Becke-Johnson exchange-correlation potential for interfaces, surfaces, and two-dimensional materials
Creators: name: Rauch, Tomáš
name: Marques, Miguel A. L.
name: Botti, Silvana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modified Becke-Johnson meta-GGA potential of density functional theory has been shown to be the best exchange-correlation potential to determine band gaps of crystalline solids. However, it cannot be consistently used for the electronic structure of non-periodic or nanostructured systems. We propose an extension of this potential that enables its use to study heterogeneous, finite and low-dimensional systems. This is achieved by using a coordinate-dependent expression for the parameter $c$ that weights the Becke-Russel exchange, in contrast to the original global formulation, where $c$ is just a fitted number. Our potential takes advantage of the excellent description of band gaps provided by the modified Becke-Johnson potential and preserves its modest computational effort. Furthermore, it yields with one single calculation band diagrams and band offsets of heterostructures and surfaces. We exemplify the usefulness and efficiency of our local meta-GGA potential by testing it for a series of interfaces (Si/SiO$_2$, AlAs/GaAs, AlP/GaP, and GaP/Si), a Si surface, and boron nitride monolayer.
Additional file 1 of KRAS status predicted by pretreatment MRI radiomics was associated with lung metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer patients
Creators: name: Xiang, Yirong
name: Li, Shuai
name: Song, Maxiaowei
name: Wang, Hongzhi
name: Hu, Ke
name: Wang, Fengwei
name: Wang, Zhi
name: Niu, Zhiyong
name: Liu, Jin
name: Cai, Yong
name: Li, Yongheng
name: Zhu, Xianggao
name: Geng, Jianhao
name: Zhang, Yangzi
name: Teng, Huajing
name: Wang, Weihu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
Exploiting higher-order resonant modes for axion haloscopes
Creators: name: Kim, Jinsu
name: Youn, SungWoo
name: Jeong, Junu
name: Chung, Woohyun
name: Kwon, Ohjoon
name: Semertzidis, Yannis K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The haloscope is one of the most sensitive approaches to the QCD axion physics within the region where the axion is considered to be a dark matter candidate. Current experimental sensitivities, which rely on the lowest fundamental TM010 mode of a cylindrical cavity, are limited to relatively low mass regions. Exploiting higher-order resonant modes would be beneficial because it will enable us to extend the search range with no volume loss and higher quality factors. This approach has been discarded mainly because of the significant degradation of form factor, and difficulty with frequency tuning. Here we introduce a new tuning mechanism concept which both enhances the form factor and yields reasonable frequency tunability. A proof of concept demonstration verified that this design is feasible for high mass axion search experiments.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Portunus pelagicus mtDNA heteroplasmy inheritance and its effect on the use of mtCR and mtCOI sequence data
Creators: name: Pavitchaya Koolkarnkhai
name: Chidchanok Intakham
name: Pradit Sangthong
name: Wunrada Surat
name: Passorn Wonnapinij
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, especially mitochondrial control region (mtCR) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI), have been widely used in population and evolutionary genetic analyses of metazoan. The presence of mtDNA heteroplasmy – a mixture of mtDNA haplotypes – possibly affects these analyses. This study aimed to reveal mtDNA heteroplasmy in mtCR, mtCOI, and mtND2 (mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) of Portunus pelagicus, and examine its effect on the use of mtCR and mtCOI sequences. The screening result showed that the probability of observing mtDNA heteroplasmy was approximately 8%. Across the three targeted regions, 92 heteroplasmic variants were observed from seven samples comprising three mothers and four offspring. Most inherited heteroplasmy presented transition and silence mutation. By comparing the proportion of shared variants among maternal relatives to that among non-relatives, the result suggested that most heteroplasmic variants observed in an individual are inherited. Statistical analyses carried out on the inter-generational differences suggested that random drift and purifying selection play roles in determining the offspring’s heteroplasmy level. The size of the random shift varies according to the location of variants and the mothers. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the presence of mtDNA heteroplasmy in mtCR and mtCOI does not affect familial and species identification, respectively. This study firstly reported the mtDNA heteroplasmy in P. pelagicus, its inheritance pattern, and its effect on the use of mtDNA sequence data. This basic knowledge would be useful for the study based on mtDNA sequence data, especially in other invertebrates.
The Stellar Content of M31's Bulge
Creators: name: Stephens, Andrew W.
name: Frogel, Jay A.
name: DePoy, D. L.
name: Freedman, Wendy
name: Gallart, Carme
name: Jablonka, Pascale
name: Renzini, Alvio
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Davies, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the stellar populations present in M31 using nine sets of adjacent HST-NICMOS Camera 1 and 2 fields with galactocentric distances ranging from 2' to 20'. These infrared observations provide some of the highest spatial resolution measurements of M31 to date; our data place tight constraints on the maximum luminosities of stars in the bulge of M31. The tip of the red giant branch is clearly visible at Mbol ~ -3.8, and the tip of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) extends to Mbol ~ -5. This AGB peak luminosity is significantly fainter than previously claimed; through direct comparisons and simulations we show that previous measurements were affected by image blending. We do observe field-to-field variations in the luminosity functions, but simulations show that these differences can be produced by blending in the higher surface brightness fields. We conclude that the red giant branch of the bulge of M31 is not measurably different from that of the Milky Way's bulge. We also find an unusually high number of bright blueish stars (7.3/arcmin^2) which appear to be Galactic foreground stars.
description: 28 pages, 20 figures (posted here with significantly reduced resolution), accepted to the AJ
An accurate and efficient numerical calculation of detonation waves in multidimensional supernova simulations using a burning limiter and adaptive quasi-statistical equilibrium
Creators: name: Kushnir, Doron
name: Katz, Boaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resolving the small length-scale of thermonuclear detonation waves (TNDWs) in supernovae is currently not possible in multidimensional full-star simulations. Additionally, multidimensional simulations usually use small, oversimplistic reaction networks and adopt an ad hoc transition criterion to nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE). The errors due to the applied approximations are not well understood. We present here a new accurate and efficient numerical scheme that accelerates the calculations by orders of magnitudes and allows the structure of TNDWs to be resolved. The numerical scheme has two important ingredients: (1) a burning limiter that broadens the width of the TNDW while accurately preserving its internal structure, and (2) an adaptive separation of isotopes into groups that are in nuclear statistical quasi-equilibrium, which resolves the time-consuming burning calculation of reactions that are nearly balanced out. Burning is calculated in situ employing the required large networks without the use of post-processing or pre-describing the conditions behind the TNDW. In particular, the approach to and deviation from NSE are calculated self-consistently. The scheme can be easily implemented in multidimensional codes. We test our scheme against accurate solutions of the structure of TNDWs and against homogeneous expansion from NSE. We show that with resolutions that are typical for multidimensional full-star simulations, we reproduce the accurate thermodynamic trajectory (density, temperature, etc.) to an accuracy that is better than a percent for the resolved scales (where the burning limiter is not applied), while keeping the error for unresolved scales (broadened by the burning limiter) within a few percent.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures. The main results are summarized in the first 5 pages (with 3 figures). Revised following referee's review
Additional file 9 of The Effect of Load and Volume Autoregulation on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Hickmott, Landyn M.
name: Chilibeck, Philip D.
name: Shaw, Keely A.
name: Butcher, Scotty J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine

description: Additional file 9: Table S6. Results from sub-analyses for CSA hypertrophy between > 25% velocity loss and respective velocity loss.
Additional file 2 of Community mobilisation approaches to preventing and reducing adolescent multiple risk behaviour: a realist review protocol
Creators: name: Tinner Laura
name: Caldwell Deborah
name: Rona, Campbell
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Search StrategyR1.
Numerical study of quantum percolation
Creators: name: Weiße, A.
name: Fehske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the density of states and the optical conductivity of the classical double-exchange model on a site percolated cluster.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, submitted to SCES 2001
Feature2Vec: Distributional semantic modelling of human property knowledge
Creators: name: Derby, Steven
name: Miller, Paul
name: Devereux, Barry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Feature norm datasets of human conceptual knowledge, collected in surveys of human volunteers, yield highly interpretable models of word meaning and play an important role in neurolinguistic research on semantic cognition. However, these datasets are limited in size due to practical obstacles associated with exhaustively listing properties for a large number of words. In contrast, the development of distributional modelling techniques and the availability of vast text corpora have allowed researchers to construct effective vector space models of word meaning over large lexicons. However, this comes at the cost of interpretable, human-like information about word meaning. We propose a method for mapping human property knowledge onto a distributional semantic space, which adapts the word2vec architecture to the task of modelling concept features. Our approach gives a measure of concept and feature affinity in a single semantic space, which makes for easy and efficient ranking of candidate human-derived semantic properties for arbitrary words. We compare our model with a previous approach, and show that it performs better on several evaluation tasks. Finally, we discuss how our method could be used to develop efficient sampling techniques to extend existing feature norm datasets in a reliable way.
description: 7 pages, Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2019)
Ground state of graphite ribbons with zigzag edges
Creators: name: Lee, Yu-Li
name: Lee, Yu-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interaction effects on the ground state of nanographite ribbons with zigzag edges. Within the mean-field approximation, we found that there are two possible phases: the superconducting (SC) phase and the excitonic insulator (EI). The two phases are separated by a first-order transition point. After taking into account the low-lying fluctuations around the mean-field solutions, the SC phase becomes a spin liquid phase with one gapless charge mode. On the other hand, all excitations in the EI phase, especially the spin excitations, are gapped.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
You Can Pick Your Friends, But You Need to Watch Them: Loan Screening and Enforcement in a Referrals Field Experiment
Creators: name: Bryan, Gharad
name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Zinman, Jonathan
name: Bryan, Gharad
name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Zinman, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Information asymmetries
subject: credit market failures
subject: peer networks
subject: social capital
subject: social networks

description: We examine a randomized trial that allows separate identification of peer screening and enforcement of credit contracts. A South African microlender offered half its clients a bonus for referring a friend who repaid a loan. For the remaining clients, the bonus was conditional on loan approval. After approval, the repayment incentive was removed from half the referrers in the first group and added for half those in the second. We find large enforcement effects, a $12 (100 Rand) incentive reduced default by 10 percentage points from a base of 20%. In contrast, we find no evidence of screening.
Current Challenges in Spoken Dialogue Systems and Why They Are Critical for Those Living with Dementia
Creators: name: Addlesee, Angus
name: Eshghi, Arash
name: Konstas, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dialogue technologies such as Amazon's Alexa have the potential to transform the healthcare industry. However, current systems are not yet naturally interactive: they are often turn-based, have naive end-of-turn detection and completely ignore many types of verbal and visual feedback - such as backchannels, hesitation markers, filled pauses, gaze, brow furrows and disfluencies - that are crucial in guiding and managing the conversational process. This is especially important in the healthcare industry as target users of Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDSs) are likely to be frail, older, distracted or suffer from cognitive decline which impacts their ability to make effective use of current systems. In this paper, we outline some of the challenges that are in urgent need of further research, including Incremental Speech Recognition and a systematic study of the interactional patterns in conversation that are potentially diagnostic of dementia, and how these might inform research on and the design of the next generation of SDSs.
description: Published at Dialog for Good 2019 - Workshop on Speech and Language Technology Serving Society
Selling raw wool by forward contract: A qualitative analysis of the pros and cons
Creators: name: Jackson, Elizabeth
name: Quaddus, Mohammed
name: Islam, Nazrul
name: Hoque, Zohurul
name: Stanton, John
name: Jackson, Elizabeth
name: Quaddus, Mohammed
name: Islam, Nazrul
name: Hoque, Zohurul
name: Stanton, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Wool
subject: forward contract
subject: auction
subject: supply chain
subject: qualitative analysis

description: Australian farmers have been warned of increases in wool auction price fluctuations since 2000 (Kingwell), yet 85% of producers continue to sell their wool on the highly volatile, open-cry auction system (Bolt 2004). It has been suggested that forward selling is one method available to farmers to manage price risk and stabilise income (Liddle 2004). This research is a qualitative analysis of the pros and cons for forward contracting. Focus groups were conducted in regional Western Australia to gather the opinions of wool producers to assess why this selling method, despite its advantages, is over-shadowed by the auction system. Results suggest that income stabilisation and price risk management were the two major pros of the forward contract method of selling raw wool although these were strongly over-shadowed by the list of cons: pricing, complexity, dominance of the auction system and production risks.
N=2 Boundary conditions for non-linear sigma models and Landau-Ginzburg models
Creators: name: Lindstrom, Ulf
name: Zabzine, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study N=2 nonlinear two dimensional sigma models with boundaries and their massive generalizations (the Landau-Ginzburg models). These models are defined over either Kahler or bihermitian target space manifolds. We determine the most general local N=2 superconformal boundary conditions (D-branes) for these sigma models. In the Kahler case we reproduce the known results in a systematic fashion including interesting results concerning the coisotropic A-type branes. We further analyse the N=2 superconformal boundary conditions for sigma models defined over a bihermitian manifold with torsion. We interpret the boundary conditions in terms of different types of submanifolds of the target space. We point out how the open sigma models correspond to new types of target space geometry. For the massive Landau-Ginzburg models (both Kahler and bihermitian) we discuss an important class of supersymmetric boundary conditions which admits a nice geometrical interpretation.
description: 48 pages, latex, references and minor comments added, the version to appear in JHEP
Completeness of USNO-B for High Proper-Motion Stars
Creators: name: Gould, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I test the completeness of USNO-B detections of high proper-motion (mu>0.18"/yr) stars and the accuracy of its measurements by comparing them to the revised NLTT (rNLTT) catalog of Salim & Gould. For 14.5~20mas/yr) may actually have still larger errors than tabulated.
description: Submitted to AJ, 26 pages including 10 figures
Additional file 3 of Loneliness as a mediator of social relationships and health-related quality of life among refugees living in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Creators: name: Belau, Matthias Hans
name: Becher, Heiko
name: Kraemer, Alexander
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table A1. Direct, indirect, and total effects, adjusted for age, sex, and education (n = 268).
Impact of Grain Price Hikes on Poverty in Rural Ethiopia
Creators: name: Gelaw, Fekadu
name: Sileshi, Million
name: Gelaw, Fekadu
name: Sileshi, Million
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Rural poverty
subject: Consumption expenditure
subject: Random effect model
subject: Food prices inflation
subject: Ethiopia

description: This paper evaluates the impact of food prices inflation on consumption expenditure and poverty status using panel data of 1,078 rural households collected in 2004 and 2009 from four regional states in Ethiopia. The study revealed that the incidence of poverty was 37% in 2004 and increased to 54% in 2009 while the inflation rate between these two periods was 308.09%. The random effect regression results indicate that the use of fertilizer, livestock holding, participation in off-farm activities, family size and land size significantly determine poverty status. Controlling these factors, the level of poverty was also found to increase with the rise in prices of grains. The study also predicts that a one-per-cent rise in grain prices is expected to increase the incidence of poverty, the poverty gap and the severity of poverty by 0.25%, 0.13% and 0.08%, respectively. Also controlling for production related shocks, it was found that the rapid rise in the price of grains was responsible for the observed increase in poverty between the two periods. The policy implication is that the country’s overriding objective of reducing poverty cannot be achieved without reducing the negative impact of rapidly rising grain prices.
Anatomy of Spin-Transfer Torque
Creators: name: Stiles, M. D.
name: Zangwill, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-transfer torques occur in magnetic heterostructures because the transverse component of a spin current that flows from a non-magnet into a ferromagnet is absorbed at the interface. We demonstrate this fact explicitly using free electron models and first principles electronic structure calculations for real material interfaces. Three distinct processes contribute to the absorption: (1) spin-dependent reflection and transmission; (2) rotation of reflected and transmitted spins; and (3) spatial precession of spins in the ferromagnet. When summed over all Fermi surface electrons, these processes reduce the transverse component of the transmitted and reflected spin currents to nearly zero for most systems of interest. Therefore, to a good approximation, the torque on the magnetization is proportional to the transverse piece of the incoming spin current.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 1 of Production of IgY polyclonal antibody against diphtheria toxin and evaluation of its neutralization effect by Vero cell assay
Creators: name: Rezaeifard, Morteza
name: Solhi, Roya
name: Mohammadi, Mohammad
name: Abbasi, Ebrahim
name: Aminian, Mahdi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1:.
title: 01_0633
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Coupling atoms to cavities with narrow linewidth optical transitions: Applications to frequency metrology
Creators: name: Norcia, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Narrow linewidth optical atomic transitions provide a valuable resource for frequency metrology, and form the basis of today's most precise and accurate clocks. Recent experiments have demonstrated that ensembles of atoms can be interfaced with the mode of an optical cavity using such transitions, and that atom-cavity interactions can dominate over decoherence processes even when the atomic transition that mediates the interactions is very weak. This scenario enables new opportunities for optical frequency metrology, including techniques for nondestructive readout and entanglement enhancement for optical lattice clocks, methods for cavity-enhanced laser frequency stabilization, and high-precision active optical frequency references based on superradiant emission. This tutorial provides a pedagogical description of the physics governing atom-cavity coupling with narrow linewidth optical transitions, and describes several examples of applications to optical frequency metrology.
Additional file 3 of Loneliness as a mediator of social relationships and health-related quality of life among refugees living in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Creators: name: Belau, Matthias Hans
name: Becher, Heiko
name: Kraemer, Alexander
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: TableA1. Direct, indirect, and total effects, adjusted for age, sex, and education (n = 268).
Critical Switching in Globally Attractive Chimeras
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuanzhao
name: Nicolaou, Zachary G.
name: Hart, Joseph D.
name: Roy, Rajarshi
name: Motter, Adilson E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We report on a new type of chimera state that attracts almost all initial conditions and exhibits power-law switching behavior in networks of coupled oscillators. Such switching chimeras consist of two symmetric configurations, which we refer to as subchimeras, in which one cluster is synchronized and the other is incoherent. Despite each subchimera being linearly stable, switching chimeras are extremely sensitive to noise: arbitrarily small noise triggers and sustains persistent switching between the two symmetric subchimeras. The average switching frequency scales as a power law with the noise intensity, which is in contrast with the exponential scaling observed in typical stochastic transitions. Rigorous numerical analysis reveals that the power-law switching behavior originates from intermingled basins of attraction associated with the two subchimeras, which in turn are induced by chaos and symmetry in the system. The theoretical results are supported by experiments on coupled optoelectronic oscillators, which demonstrate the generality and robustness of switching chimeras.
A Conjecture on the Minimal Size of Bound States
Creators: name: Freivogel, Ben
name: Gasenzer, Thomas
name: Hebecker, Arthur
name: Leonhardt, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conjecture that, in a renormalizable effective quantum field theory where the heaviest stable particle has mass $m$, there are no bound states with radius below $1/m$ (Bound State Conjecture). We are motivated by the (scalar) Weak Gravity Conjecture, which can be read as a statement forbidding certain bound states. As we discuss, versions for uncharged particles and their generalizations have shortcomings. This leads us to the suggestion that one should only constrain rather than exclude bound objects. In the gravitational case, the resulting conjecture takes the sharp form of forbidding the adiabatic construction of black holes smaller than $1/m$. But this minimal bound-state radius remains non-trivial as $M_\text{P}\to \infty$, leading us to suspect a feature of QFT rather than a quantum gravity constraint. We find support in a number of examples which we analyze at a parametric level.
description: 42 pages, 7 figures; v2: references added; v3: comments added
Food Poverty and Livelihoods Issues in Rural Nigeria
Creators: name: Oni, Omobowale A.
name: Fashogbon, Ayodele E.
name: Oni, Omobowale A.
name: Fashogbon, Ayodele E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food poverty
subject: Livelihood activities
subject: Capabilities
subject: Agro-ecology variation

description: The Nigerian food insecurity situation is still described as appalling despite a number of efforts geared towards addressing the problem. Fundamental to the phenomenon of poverty and food insecurity in Nigeria at national, community and household levels are issues of livelihood and agro-ecological diversity. This study investigates the linkage between food poverty and livelihood activities, capabilities and assets; and socio-economic factors; and agro-ecological variations at the household level in rural Nigeria. The study makes use of nation-wide cross-sectional data of the Nigerian Living Standard Survey (NLSS). Results show that, on the whole, farming is the predominant livelihood activity. The distribution of livelihood activities clearly shows that the primary sector of livelihood activities (farming and mining - extraction) is predominantly occupied by men, while the secondary sector (manufacturing - processing) and the tertiary sector (services - trade) are quite favoured by women. Female-headed households are more food secure than their male counterpart. The main determinants of rural household food poverty in Nigeria are: livelihood activities-farming; livelihood capabilities- credit access; socio-economic factors - household size, years of formal education, marital status and age of household head; and agro-ecological variation. The study, therefore, suggests that food security policy that is agro-ecologically specific, with gender-oriented development of primary livelihood (farming) activities should be given paramount attention in the rural sector of Nigeria.
Pointer Life Cycle Types for Lock-Free Data Structures with Memory Reclamation
Creators: name: Meyer, Roland
name: Wolff, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the verification of lock-free data structures that manually manage their memory with the help of a safe memory reclamation (SMR) algorithm. Our first contribution is a type system that checks whether a program properly manages its memory. If the type check succeeds, it is safe to ignore the SMR algorithm and consider the program under garbage collection. Intuitively, our types track the protection of pointers as guaranteed by the SMR algorithm. There are two design decisions. The type system does not track any shape information, which makes it extremely lightweight. Instead, we rely on invariant annotations that postulate a protection by the SMR. To this end, we introduce angels, ghost variables with an angelic semantics. Moreover, the SMR algorithm is not hard-coded but a parameter of the type system definition. To achieve this, we rely on a recent specification language for SMR algorithms. Our second contribution is to automate the type inference and the invariant check. For the type inference, we show a quadratic-time algorithm. For the invariant check, we give a source-to-source translation that links our programs to off-the-shelf verification tools. It compiles away the angelic semantics. This allows us to infer appropriate annotations automatically in a guess-and-check manner. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our type-based verification approach, we check linearizability for various list and set implementations from the literature with both hazard pointers and epoch-based memory reclamation. For many of the examples, this is the first time they are verified automatically. For the ones where there is a competitor, we obtain a speed-up of up to two orders of magnitude.
Additional file 1 of Medical students’ experience with accessing medical records in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study
Creators: name: Jwaher A. Almulhem
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Unveiling the role of miR-137-3p/miR-296-5p/SERPINA3 signaling in colorectal cancer progression: integrative analysis of gene expression profiles and in vitro studies
Creators: name: Liu, Huimin
name: Wu, Xingxing
name: Wang, Dandan
name: Li, Quanxi
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Xu, Liang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1: Supplementary Figure S1. The association between PPS of patients with colon cancer and common DEGs. Supplementary Figure S2. The association between RFS of patients with colon cancer and common DEGs. Supplementary Figure S3. The expression profiles of common DEGs between cancerous and normal groups. Supplementary Figure S4. The expression of SERPINA3 in the colon cancer tissues with different clinical stages. Supplementary Figure S5. The expression of SERPINA3 in various immune cells by CIERSORT (GEPIA2021). Supplementary Figure S6. Prediction for targets between SERPINA3 3’UTR and miR-137-3p/miR-296-5. (A) MiR-137-3p-targeted sequence of SERPINA3 3’UTR. (B) MiR-296-5p-targeted sequence of SERPINA3 3’UTR
Additional file 1 of Effect of reducing agents on the synthesis of anisotropic gold nanoparticles
Creators: name: Yoo, Sunghoon
name: Nam, Dong Hwan
name: Singh, Thangjam Ibomcha
name: Leem, Gyu
name: Lee, Seunghyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Table. S1 Amount of ascorbic acid and hydroquinone used when mixing reducing agent. Fig. S1 (a–c) TEM images and average of (d) length, (e) diameter, and (f) aspect ratio when the volume of ascorbic acid is 30, 70, 90 uL. Fig. S2 (a–c) TEM images and average of (d) length, (e) diameter, and (f) aspect ratio when the volume of hydroquinone is 300, 700, 1500 uL.
Urinary D-serine level as a predictive biomarker for deterioration of renal function in patients with atherosclerotic risk factors
Creators: name: Hidehiro Iwakawa
name: Makabe, Shin
name: Ito, Tomokazu
name: Yoshimura, Tohru
name: Watanabe, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Background: D-serine, the enantiomer of L-serine, was identified in mammals 20 years ago. Although a close relationship between D-serine and renal dysfunction has been shown, the clinical implications of urinary D- and L-serine in humans are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between urinary D- and L-serine with well-known renal biomarkers, and clarify the prognostic value of D- and L-serine for renal events. Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study included 65 patients with atherosclerotic risk factors, who were followed up for a median of 16 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of end-stage renal disease and a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 25% from baseline. Results: Urinary D-serine concentrations showed a better correlation with eGFR than did urinary L-serine, whereas neither urinary D- nor L-serine correlated with tubular markers such as urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. A Cox regression analysis revealed that low urinary D-serine levels were significantly associated with the primary endpoint after adjusting for confounding factors (hazard ratio 12.60; 95% confidence interval, 3.49–45.51). Conclusions: Urinary D-serine is associated with glomerular filtration and can be a prognostic biomarker of renal dysfunction in patients with atherosclerotic risk factors.