cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of Randomness on Quantum Data Buses of Heisenberg Spin Chains
Creators: name: Oh, Sangchul
name: Shim, Yun-Pil
name: Fei, Jianjia
name: Friesen, Mark
name: Hu, Xuedong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A strongly coupled spin chain can mediate long-distance effective couplings or entanglement between remote qubits, and can be used as a quantum data bus. We study how the fidelity of a spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain as a spin bus is affected by static random exchange couplings and magnetic fields. We find that, while non-uniform exchange couplings preserve the isotropy of the qubit effective couplings, they cause the energy levels, the eigenstates, and the magnitude of the couplings to vary locally. On the other hand, random local magnetic fields lead to an avoided level crossing for the bus ground state manifold, and cause the effective qubit couplings to be anisotropic. Interestingly, the total magnetic moment of the ground state of an odd-size bus may not be parallel to the average magnetic field. Its alignment depends on both the direction of the average field and the field distribution, in contrast with the ground state of a single spin which always aligns with the applied magnetic field to minimize the Zeeman energy. Lastly, we calculate sensitivities of the spin bus to such local variations, which are potentially useful for evaluating decoherence when dynamical fluctuations in the exchange coupling or magnetic field are considered.
The role of ROR alpha and CD34 in mucosal inflammation and fibrosis
Creators: name: Lo, Bernard Clement
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Fibrosis is the result of dysregulated tissue regeneration and is characterized by excessive accumulation of matrix proteins that become detrimental to tissue function. Type 2 immunity has long been associated with fibrotic scarring because of its role in wound healing and parasite-initiated tissue remodeling. Our objective was to examine two components of this inflammatory pathway that could potentially be modulated to limit fibrosis, namely RORα, a nuclear receptor required for ILC2 development, and CD34, a sialomucin involved in trafficking of eosinophils and mast cells to peripheral tissues. Using a model of infection-induced chronic gut inflammation, we demonstrate that Rora-deficient mice are protected from fibrosis; infected intestinal tissues displayed diminished pathology and attenuated collagen deposition. Although Rora is known for its role in ILC2s, we found that Salmonella-induced fibrosis was independent of eosinophils, STAT6 signaling and Th2 cytokines arguing that ILC2s are dispensable in this disease model. Instead, we observed reduced levels of ILC3- and T cell-derived IL-17A and IL-22 in infected tissues. Furthermore, using Rorasg/sg/Rag1-/- bone marrow chimeric mice, we found that restoring ILC function was sufficient to re-establish IL-17A and IL-22 production and a profibrotic phenotype. Our findings suggest that RORα-dependent ILC3 functions are pivotal in mediating gut fibrosis and they offer an avenue for therapeutic intervention in Crohn’s-like diseases. CD34 has been shown to drive lung inflammation and colitis by coordinating immune cell recruitment. However CD34 is also expressed by multiple non-hematopoietic subsets including endothelial and mesenchymal cells. To assess CD34 function in pulmonary repair, we induced lung injury by bleomycin administration. We found that Cd34-/- mice displayed severe weight loss and early mortality compared to WT controls. CD34-deficient animals developed severe interstitial edema and endothelial delamination, indicating impaired endothelial function. Chimeric Cd34-/- mice reconstituted with WT hematopoietic cells exhibited early mortality compared to WT mice reconstituted with Cd34-/- cells thus confirming this to be a non-hematopoietic defect. Lastly, CD34-deficient mice were more sensitive to lung damage caused by influenza infection, displaying greater weight loss and more extensive pulmonary remodeling. These results suggest that CD34 plays a protective role in maintaining vascular integrity in response to lung damage.
LE PATOLOGIE DA SOVRACCARICO BIOMECCANICO DEGLI ARTI SUPERIORI: CONFRONTO FRA GRUPPI DI LAVORATORI AD ESPOSIZIONE VARIABILE.
Creators: name: VITELLI, NORA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2012

description: Background: European and Italian statistics have reported in the past decade a significant increase of work-related musculoskeletal disorders including the construction sector. Objectives: To check this issue, the EPM Research Unit in collaboration with the Craftmanship Territorial Joint Committee in Bergamo, have started a research in the field of musculoskeletal disorders with special reference to lumbar spine and upper limbs. Methods: The health survey was carried out by ad hoc trained staff. Results: between November 2009 and November 2010, data on 2755 subjects with a variety of jobs were obtained, over 50% being masons. The whole sample and the group of masons were investigated and both exhibited prevalence of upper limb diseases definitely higher than the reference group of non-exposed subjects. At the same time, risk assessment on painters and carpenters was performed, showing very hogh levels of risk o upper limb biomechanical overload due to awkward postures and force application. Conclusions: Hence the need for active research to be included in the protocol of health surveillance (with appropriate clinical protocol), of upper limb and spine MSDs. They also highlight the need for other biomechanical overload exposure data aimed at reconstructing risk profiles (from biomechanical overload) but above all at identifying the technological and organizational solutions to erase this particular risk.
Hidden itinerant-spin phase in heavily-overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 revealed by dilute Fe doping: A combined neutron scattering and angle-resolved photoemission study
Creators: name: He, Rui-Hua
name: Fujita, M.
name: Enoki, M.
name: Hashimoto, M.
name: Iikubo, S.
name: Mo, S. -K.
name: Yao, Hong
name: Adachi, T.
name: Koike, Y.
name: Hussain, Z.
name: Shen, Z. -X.
name: Yamada, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrated experimentally a direct way to probe a hidden propensity to the formation of spin density wave (SDW) in a non-magnetic metal with strong Fermi surface nesting. Substituting Fe for a tiny amount of Cu (1%) induced an incommensurate magnetic order below 20 K in heavily-overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO). Elastic neutron scattering suggested that this order cannot be ascribed to the localized spins on Cu or doped Fe. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), combined with numerical calculations, revealed a strong Fermi surface nesting inherent in the pristine LSCO that likely drives this order. The heavily-overdoped Fe-doped LSCO thus represents the first plausible example of the long-sought "itinerant-spin extreme" of cuprates, where the spins of itinerant doped holes define the magnetic ordering ground state. This finding complements the current picture of cuprate spin physics that highlights the predominant role of localized spins at lower dopings. The demonstrated set of methods could potentially apply to studying hidden density-wave instabilities of other "nested" materials on the verge of density wave ordering.
description: Abstract and discussion revised; to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
The renormalized stress-energy tensor for scalar fields in the Boulware state with applications to extremal black holes
Creators: name: Arrechea, Julio
name: Breen, Cormac
name: Ottewill, Adrian
name: Pisani, Lorenzo
name: Taylor, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a mode-sum prescription to directly compute the renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET) for scalar fields in the Boulware vacuum. The method generalizes the recently developed extended coordinate method which was previously only applicable to Hartle-Hawking states. We exhibit the accuracy and efficiency of the method by calculating the RSET in sub-extremal and extremal Reissner-Nordström spacetimes. We find numerical evidence for the regularity of the RSET at the extremal horizon regardless of the field mass and its coupling. We employ our numerical results of the RSET to source the semi-classical Einstein equations, demonstrating that if the RSET is considered as a static perturbation, it will either de-extremalize the black hole, or convert it into a horizonless object.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
Low-Scaling GW with Benchmark Accuracy and Application to Phosphorene Nanosheets
Creators: name: Wilhelm, Jan
name: Seewald, Patrick
name: Golze, Dorothea
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: GW is an accurate method for computing electron addition and removal energies of molecules and solids. In a conventional GW implementation, however, its computational cost is O(N4) in the system size N, which prohibits its application to many systems of interest. We present a low-scaling GW algorithm with notably improved accuracy compared to our previous algorithm [J. Phys. Chem. Lett.2018, 9, 306–312]. This is demonstrated for frontier orbitals using the GW100 benchmark set, for which our algorithm yields a mean absolute deviation of only 6 meV with respect to canonical implementations. We show that also excitations of deep valence, semicore, and unbound states match conventional schemes within 0.1 eV. The high accuracy is achieved by using minimax grids with 30 grid points and the resolution of the identity with the truncated Coulomb metric. We apply the low-scaling GW algorithm with improved accuracy to phosphorene nanosheets of increasing size. We find that their fundamental gap is strongly size-dependent varying from 4.0 eV (1.8 nm × 1.3 nm, 88 atoms) to 2.4 eV (6.9 nm × 4.8 nm, 990 atoms) at the evGW0@PBE level.
Relativistic Brownian motion on a graphene chip
Creators: name: Pototsky, Andrey
name: Marchesoni, Fabio
name: Kusmartsev, Feodor V.
name: Hänggi, Peter
name: Savel'ev, Sergey E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic Brownian motion can be inexpensively demonstrated on a graphene chip. The interplay of stochastic and relativistic dynamics, governing the transport of charge carrier in graphene, induces noise-controlled effects such as (i) a stochastic effective mass, detectable as a suppression of the particle mobility with increasing the temperature; (ii) a transverse ratchet effect, measurable as a net current orthogonal to an ac drive on an asymmetric substrate, and (iii) a chaotic stochastic resonance. Such properties can be of practical applications in the emerging graphene technology.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
No X-shape in the Milky Way bulge
Creators: name: Lopez Corredoira, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: X-shape in the bulge of our Galaxy is based on the analysis of red clump star counts in the region |l|<10 deg., 5<|b|<10 deg., where a double peak in the star counts along the line of sight is found, but contamination of a secondary red clump might produce the artifact of the second peak in the density. X-shape was also observed in the projected images of the bulge, although it depends on its processing with the subtraction of some particular disc model or it may be an artefact due to a subtraction of the bulge as an ellipsoid instead of a boxy bulge. Moreover, stellar density of bulge stars in the same regions using different stellar populations with different ages (young F0-F5V from VISTA-VVV data; or intermediate age O-rich Miras variables from OGLE and other surveys; or very old RR-Lyrae) only show a single peak in the density distribution along the lines of sight. This may indicate that X-shape structure is not there and a boxy bulge better represents the bulge.
Enhancing research through image analysis workshops: Experiences and best practices.
Creators: name: Marcotti, Stefania
name: Jones, Martin L
name: Slater, Thomas JA
name: Barry, David J
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: Imaging
subject: Imaging

description: Modern microscopy systems allow researchers to generate large volumes of image data with relative ease. However, the challenge of analyzing these data effectively is often hindered by a lack of computational skills. This bottleneck negatively impacts both research reproducibility and efficiency, as researchers frequently rely on manual or semi-automated analysis methods. Interactive image analysis workshops offer a valuable solution, equipping researchers with the skills and tools needed to automate image processing tasks. In this paper, we share our experiences and best practices from conducting such workshops, which emphasize the use of open-source software like ImageJ, FIJI, and Python-based tools such as JupyterLab and napari. We discuss key considerations for workshop design, logistics, and outcomes, while highlighting common pitfalls to avoid. Using two recent workshops as case studies, we also present strategies for optimizing participant engagement and learning. Our insights offer practical guidance for planning and conducting image analysis workshops and serve as a starting point for researchers looking to establish similar training initiatives and enrich their local imaging communities.
Distribution of Gold Nanoparticles in the Anterior Chamber of the Eye after Intracameral Injection for Glaucoma Therapy
Creators: name: Breunig, Miriam
name: Sonntag, Tobias
name: Froemel, Franziska
name: Stamer, W. Daniel
name: Ohlmann, Andreas
name: Fuchshofer, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: glaucoma; gold nanoparticles; anterior chamber; distribution; stability; intracameral injection; trabecular meshwork; hyaluronic acid
subject: 540 Chemie

description: In glaucoma therapy, nanoparticles (NPs) are a favorable tool for delivering drugs to the outflow tissues of the anterior chamber of the eye where disease development and progression take place. In this context, a prerequisite is an efficient enrichment of NPs in the trabecular meshwork with minimal accumulation in off-target tissues such as the cornea, lens, iris and ciliary body. We evaluated the optimal size for targeting the trabecular meshwork by using gold NPs of 5, 60, 80 and 120 nm with a bare surface (AuNPs) or coated with hyaluronic acid (HA-AuNPs). NPs were compared regarding their colloidal stability, distribution in the anterior chamber of the eye ex vivo and cellular uptake in vitro. HA-AuNPs demonstrated an exceptional colloidal stability. Even after application into porcine eyes ex vivo, the HA coating prevented an aggregation of NPs inside the trabecular meshwork. NPs with a diameter of 120 nm exhibited the highest volume-based accumulation in the trabecular meshwork. Off-target tissues in the anterior chamber demonstrated an exceptionally low gold content. Our findings are particularly important for NPs with encapsulated anti-glaucoma drugs because a higher particle volume would be accompanied by a higher drug payload.
STUDIO DELL'INTERAZIONE TRA LE PROTEINE CITOSCHELETRICHE 4.1R80 E 4.1R135 E LA PROTEINA ICLN: ASPETTI MOLECOLARI E FUNZIONALI.
Creators: name: ZANONI, CHIARA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2010

description: ICln is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated in many cellular functions, from cell volume regulation to RNA metabolism. It interacts with many members or regulators of the cytoskeleton, like the 4.1R protein, actin, myosin light chain and the JBP1 protein. This suggests that the cytoskeleton rearrangement that follows an hypotonic challenge could be involved in the translocation of the ICln protein from the cytosol to the cell membrane and in the activation of the ICl,swell. In this work we tried to elucidate the role of ICln-4.1R interaction in the context of Regulatory Volume Decrease; we focused on the in vivo interaction between ICln and the protein 4.1R by the use of the FRET technique. We used two different 4.1R isoforms for the FRET experiments: an high molecular weight (HMW) isoform (4.1 long) and a low molecular weight (LMW) one (4.1 short, without the initial 209 aa box). The strongest FRET signal was measured between ICln and 4.1Rsh, and it was significally increased by an hypotonic shock. Moreover, when the two proteins are co-expressed and interact, it seems that the two proteins change each other localization showing a decreased nuclear and, for 4.1R, membrane localization. From a functional point of view, preliminary patch-clamp experiments suggest that the over-expression of the 4.1sh isoform in HEK cells leads to an increase of the ICl,swell (the anion current that allows RVD) activation, thus confirming a role for 4.1R in cell volume regulation.
Charmonium mass in hot and dense hadronic matter
Creators: name: Morita, Kenji
name: Lee, Su Houng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate mass shifts of charmonia driven by change of the gluon condensate below but near transition temperatures at finite baryonic chemical potential. Extending previous prescription on the relation between gluon condensates and thermodynamic quantities, we model the gluon condensates of hadronic matter at finite temperature and baryonic chemical potential such that the scalar gluon condensate fits with the latest lattice QCD data. By making use of the QCD sum rule and the second order Stark effect, we find that the smoother transition in the full QCD can lead to moderate mass shifts of charmonia even below the transition temperature. We also find larger mass shift at fixed temperature as chemical potential increases. Existing data on charmonium-charmonium ratio is found to be consistent with the statistical hadronization scenario including the obtained mass shift.
description: To appear in Phys.Rev.C, 12 pages, 8 figures. Resonance gas model for gluon condensates are improved by comparing lattice QCD data with physical quark masses. More detailed discussion on some other points are added
Physical inactivity does not impair the insulin-lowering effects of moderate-intensity exercise, yet it does impair fat metabolism
Creators: name: Dial, Michael
name: 0000-0003-0675-4463
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Inactivity
Exercise
Physical inactivity
Glucose
Insulin
Insulin sensitivity
Exercise resistance

description: Acute exercise and physical activity improve insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and postprandial lipemia, although recent research suggests that physical inactivity may attenuate some of these healthy metabolic benefits of exercise. This study aimed to determine how two days of physical inactivity and physical activity affected exercise-induced changes in plasma insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed the next morning. Five untrained men (n=2) and women (n=3) completed three five-day trails in a randomized crossover design. Each trial began with two days of normal activity levels, followed by two intervention days. Two days of physical inactivity (3,666 ± 100 steps) without exercise (SIT) were compared to two days of physical inactivity (3,077 ± 141 steps) with a 1-hr bout of moderate intensity cycling at 65% of VO2peak (SIT + EX). Finally, two intervention days of high activity (12,270 ± 408 steps) were performed with a 1-hour bout of moderate cycling (ACTIVE + EX). The following morning, subjects completed a 120-min OGTT, during which plasma was collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, and triglycerides. No changes were observed in plasma glucose. Compared to SIT, insulin total area under the curve (AUCT) was 39% lower in SIT+EX (p=0.18) and 21% lower in ACTIVE+EX (p=0.48), demonstrating that exercise had an insulin-lowering effect. Plasma triglyceride AUCT in ACTIVE+EX was 26% lower than SIT (p=0.10) and 28% lower than SIT+EX (p=0.03), and fasting plasma triglyceride concentration in ACTIVE+EX was 34% lower than SIT (p=0.06) and 20% lower than SIT+EX (p=0.43). These data indicate that the insulin-lowering effect of physical activity is influenced to a greater extent by an acute bout of moderate exercise (65% VO2peak) than the background daily steps. Conversely, the triglyceride lowering effect of physical activity appears to be contingent upon higher physical activity (daily step count) and not acute moderate-intensity exercise. This also was the case with postprandial whole-body fat oxidation as ACTIVE+EX was 26% higher when compared to SIT+EX. Taken together, insulin sensitivity appears to be improved by prolonged moderate-intensity exercise (i.e. 65% of VO2peak), while postprandial triglyceride concentration and fat oxidation are improved by increasing daily step count (i.e.; from < 4,000 to >11,000 per day).
Novel Insulating Magnetism in Vacancy-Ordered K2Fe4Se5
Creators: name: Yin, Wei-Guo
name: Lin, Chia-Hui
name: Ku, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We unveil the novel physical origin of the insulating block checkerboard antiferromagnetism in vacancy-ordered K2Fe4Se5. Our first-principles electronic structure analysis reveals its incompatibility with a simple Fermi-surface nesting or Mott insulator scenario, and suggests the picture of coexisting itinerant and localized electronic states. Consistently, we demonstrate that it can be unified with the metallic collinear or bicollinear antiferromagnetism of the vacancy-free parent compounds LaOFeAs, BaFe2As2, or FeTe in the spin-fermion model. These results indicate that the blocking effects of Hund's rule coupling and the resulting electron correlation are crucial to the electronic and magnetic structures of iron-based superconductors.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. WIEN2k versions 11.1 and 9.1 were used to correct quantitative errors in Figure 2 created by the bugs in WIEN2k version 10.1
title: Contrapuntal Harmony in Civilizational Interaction: A Syncretic Framework Bridging Music Theory and Evolutionary Game Theory
title: Games : A Paradigmatic Shift from Imaginary Power to the Real World Seeking Deep Sustainable Peace Within Entangled Patterns
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Mohammad Piran
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Full paper in uploaded Images :

(pages 1 ~ 7)

Preprint Version : 

****** Although the model is innovative, its final acceptance in academic circles requires further empirical validation and review.

Limitations and Future Work

Current Limitations

    •    Data Bias: The calibration relies predominantly on data from Western and East Asian contexts (e.g., Hofstede, WVS), possibly limiting the model’s global applicability.

    •   Static Calibration: Cultural parameters are assumed to be static; however, cultural dynamics are inherently fluid over time.

Future Directions

    •   Dynamic Models: Integration of state-space models to capture temporal evolution of cultural values.

    • Reinforcement Learning: Applying RL methods to continuously optimize parameter settings based on new data.

    •   Broader Data Integration: Expanding the dataset to include Afrobarometer and Latinobarómetro for a more globally representative calibration.
Spectral analysis of subordinate Brownian motions in half-line
Creators: name: Kwasnicki, Mateusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47G30 60G51 60G52 60J35

description: We study one-dimensional Levy processes with Levy-Khintchine exponent psi(xi^2), where psi is a complete Bernstein function. These processes are subordinate Brownian motions corresponding to subordinators, whose Levy measure has completely monotone density; or, equivalently, symmetric Levy processes whose Levy measure has completely monotone density on the positive half-line. Examples include symmetric stable processes and relativistic processes. The main result is a formula for the generalized eigenfunctions of transition operators of the process killed after exiting the half-line. A generalized eigenfunction expansion of the transition operators is derived. As an application, a formula for the distribution of the first passage time (or the supremum functional) is obtained.
description: 58 pages, 1 figure. Major revision
In Vitro Metabolism of Six C-Glycosidic Flavonoids from Passiflora incarnata L.
Creators: name: Heilmann, Jörg
name: Tremmel, Martina
name: Kiermaier, Josef
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: flavonoids; metabolism; C-glycosides; C–C cleavage; Caco-2 cells; Passiflora incarnata L.
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Several medical plants, such as Passiflora incarnata L., contain C-glycosylated flavonoids, which may contribute to their efficacy. Information regarding the bioavailability and metabolism of these compounds is essential, but not sufficiently available. Therefore, the metabolism of the C-glycosylated flavones orientin, isoorientin, schaftoside, isoschaftoside, vitexin, and isovitexin was investigated using the Caco-2 cell line as an in vitro intestinal and epithelial metabolism model. Isovitexin, orientin, and isoorientin showed broad ranges of phase I and II metabolites containing hydroxylated, methoxylated, and sulfated compounds, whereas schaftoside, isoschaftoside, and vitexin underwent poor metabolism. All metabolites were identified via UHPLC-MS or UHPLC-MS/MS using compound libraries containing all conceivable metabolites. Some structures were confirmed via UHPLC-MS experiments with reference compounds after a cleavage reaction using glucuronidase and sulfatase. Of particular interest is the observed cleavage of the C–C bonds between sugar and aglycone residues in isovitexin, orientin, and isoorientin, resulting in unexpected glucuronidated or sulfated luteolin and apigenin derivatives. These findings indicate that C-glycosidic flavones can be highly metabolized in the intestine. In particular, flavonoids with ortho-dihydroxy groups showed sulfated metabolites. The identified glucuronidated or sulfated aglycones demonstrate that enzymes expressed by Caco-2 cells are able to potentially cleave C–C bonds in vitro.
Long-range quantum discord in critical spin systems
Creators: name: Maziero, J.
name: Céleri, L. C.
name: Serra, R. M.
name: Sarandy, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that quantum correlations as quantified by quantum discord can characterize quantum phase transitions by exhibiting nontrivial long-range decay as a function of distance in spin systems. This is rather different from the behavior of pairwise entanglement, which is typically short-ranged even in critical systems. In particular, we find a clear change in the decay rate of quantum discord as the system crosses a quantum critical point. We illustrate this phenomenon for first-order, second-order, and infinite-order quantum phase transitions, indicating that pairwise quantum discord is an appealing quantum correlation function for condensed matter systems.
SkZpipe: more than a simple photometric pipeline
Creators: name: Mauro, Francesco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: In an era characterized by big sky surveys and the availability of large amount of photometric data, it is important for astronomers to have tools to process their data in an efficient, accurate and easy way, minimizing reduction time. We present SkZpipe, a Python3 module designed mainly to process generic data, performing point-spread function (PSF) fitting photometry with the DAOPHOT suite (Stetson 1987). The software has already demonstrated its accuracy and efficiency with the adaptation VVV-SkZ_pipeline (Mauro et al. 2013) for the ``VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea'' ESO survey, showing how it can replace the users, avoiding repetitive interaction in all the operations, retaining all of the benefits of the power and accuracy of the DAOPHOT suite, detaching them from the burden of data precessing. This software provides not only a pipeline, but also all the tools to run easily each atomic step of the photometric procedure, to match the results, and to retrieve information from fits headers and the internal instrumental database. We plan to add the support to other photometric softwares in the future.
Sketchable Interaction: Drawing User Interfaces with Interactive Regions
Creators: name: Hahn, Jürgen
name: Wimmer, Raphael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sketchable Interaction; End-User Customization; Desktop Environment;
subject: 004 Informatik
subject: Human-centered computing → Graphical user interfaces; Interaction design theory, concepts and paradigms; User interface programming;
subject: Software and its engineering → Integrated and visual development environments

description: Sketchable Interaction (SI) describes a concept and environment where end-users create regions by drawing on a canvas. These regions apply effects to each other on collision. Attributes of regions, e.g. position, can be linked to each other so that they change together once modified, e.g. moved on the canvas. Within Sketchable Interaction, all entities - mouse pointer, desktop icons, or windows - are implemented as interactive regions. End-users customize this environment by drawing new regions that apply certain actions e.g. tagging files, deleting other regions or automating processes.
Entanglement Efficiencies in PT-Symmetric Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Zielinski, Christian
name: Wang, Qing-hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The degree of entanglement is determined for an arbitrary state of a broad class of PT-symmetric bipartite composite systems. Subsequently we quantify the rate with which entangled states are generated and show that this rate can be characterized by a small set of parameters. These relations allow one in principle to improve the ability of these systems to entangle states. It is also noticed that many relations resemble corresponding ones in conventional quantum mechanics.
description: Published version with improved figures, 5 pages, 2 figures
Tunable non-integer high-harmonic generation in a topological insulator
Creators: name: Schmid, Christoph P.
name: Weigl, Leonard
name: Grössing, P.
name: Junk, Vanessa
name: Gorini, Cosimo
name: Schlauderer, Stefan
name: Ito, Suguru
name: Meierhofer, Manuel
name: Hofmann, Niklas
name: Afanasiev, Dmitry
name: Crewse, Jack
name: Kokh, K. A.
name: Tereshchenko, O. E.
name: Güdde, Jens
name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Wilhelm, Jan
name: Richter, Klaus
name: Höfer, U.
name: Huber, Rupert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: When intense lightwaves accelerate electrons through a solid, the emerging high-order harmonic (HH) radiation offers key insights into the material1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Sub-optical-cycle dynamics—such as dynamical Bloch oscillations2,3,4,5, quasiparticle collisions6,12, valley pseudospin switching13 and heating of Dirac gases10—leave fingerprints in the HH spectra of conventional solids. Topologically non-trivial matter14,15 with invariants that are robust against imperfections has been predicted to support unconventional HH generation16,17,18,19,20. Here we experimentally demonstrate HH generation in a three-dimensional topological insulator—bismuth telluride. The frequency of the terahertz driving field sharply discriminates between HH generation from the bulk and from the topological surface, where the unique combination of long scattering times owing to spin–momentum locking17 and the quasi-relativistic dispersion enables unusually efficient HH generation. Intriguingly, all observed orders can be continuously shifted to arbitrary non-integer multiples of the driving frequency by varying the carrier-envelope phase of the driving field—in line with quantum theory. The anomalous Berry curvature warranted by the non-trivial topology enforces meandering ballistic trajectories of the Dirac fermions, causing a hallmark polarization pattern of the HH emission. Our study provides a platform to explore topology and relativistic quantum physics in strong-field control, and could lead to non-dissipative topological electronics at infrared frequencies.
Performance Assessment of Feature Detection Methods for 2-D FS Sonar Imagery
Creators: name: Kyatham, Hitesh
name: Negahdaripour, Shahriar
name: Xu, Michael
name: Lin, Xiaomin
name: Yu, Miao
name: Aloimonos, Yiannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Underwater robot perception is crucial in scientific subsea exploration and commercial operations. The key challenges include non-uniform lighting and poor visibility in turbid environments. High-frequency forward-look sonar cameras address these issues, by providing high-resolution imagery at maximum range of tens of meters, despite complexities posed by high degree of speckle noise, and lack of color and texture. In particular, robust feature detection is an essential initial step for automated object recognition, localization, navigation, and 3-D mapping. Various local feature detectors developed for RGB images are not well-suited for sonar data. To assess their performances, we evaluate a number of feature detectors using real sonar images from five different sonar devices. Performance metrics such as detection accuracy, false positives, and robustness to variations in target characteristics and sonar devices are applied to analyze the experimental results. The study would provide a deeper insight into the bottlenecks of feature detection for sonar data, and developing more effective methods
A note on the failure of the Faber-Krahn inequality for the vector Laplacian
Creators: name: Krejcirik, David
name: Lamberti, Pier Domenico
name: Zaccaron, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a natural eigenvalue problem for the vector Laplacian related to stationary Maxwell's equations in a cavity and we prove that an analog of the celebrated Faber-Krahn inequality doesn't hold.
description: references added; 9 pages, 2 figures
Asymptotically Static Universe
Creators: name: Kouwn, Seyen
name: Lee, Joohan
name: Lee, Tae Hoon
name: Moon, Taeyoon
name: Oh, Phillial
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a cosmology in which the final stage of the Universe is neither accelerating nor decelerating, but approaches an asymptotic state where the scale factor becomes a constant value. In order to achieve this, we first bring in a scale factor with the desired property and then determine the details of the energy contents as a result of the cosmological evolution equations. We show that such a scenario can be realized if we introduce a generalized quintom model which consists of a scalar field and a phantom with a {\it negative} cosmological constant term. The standard cold dark matter with $w_m=0$ is also introduced. This is possible basically due to the balance between the matter and the {\it negative} cosmological constant which tend to attract and scalar field and phantom which repel in the asymptotic region. The stability analysis shows that this asymptotic solution is classically stable.
description: Final version published in PRD
Association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in 14 176 individuals
Creators: name: Fazzini, F.
name: Lamina, C.
name: Raftopoulou, A.
name: Koller, A.
name: Fuchsberger, C.
name: Pattaro, C.
name: Del Greco, F. M.
name: Döttelmayer, P.
name: Fendt, L.
name: Fritz, J.
name: Meiselbach, H.
name: Schönherr, S.
name: Forer, L.
name: Weissensteiner, H.
name: Pramstaller, P. P.
name: Eckardt, K.‐U.
name: Hicks, A. A.
name: Kronenberg, Florian
name: Oefner, Peter
name: Gronwald, Wolfram
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: chronic kidney disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, mitochondrial DNA copy number
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background Mitochondria play an important role in cellular metabolism, and their dysfunction is postulated to be involved in metabolic disturbances. Mitochondrial DNA is present in multiple copies per cell. The quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) might be used to assess mitochondrial dysfunction. Objectives We aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association of mtDNA-CN with type 2 diabetes and the potential mediating role of metabolic syndrome. Methods We examined 4812 patients from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study and 9364 individuals from the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study. MtDNA-CN was measured in whole blood using a plasmid-normalized qPCR-based assay. Results In both studies, mtDNA-CN showed a significant correlation with most metabolic syndrome parameters: mtDNA-CN decreased with increasing number of metabolic syndrome components. Furthermore, individuals with low mtDNA-CN had significantly higher odds of metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.025; 95% CI = 1.011–1.039, P = 3.19 × 10−4, for each decrease of 10 mtDNA copies) and type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.027; 95% CI = 1.012–1.041; P = 2.84 × 10−4) in a model adjusted for age, sex, smoking and kidney function in the meta-analysis of both studies. Mediation analysis revealed that the association of mtDNA-CN with type 2 diabetes was mainly mediated by waist circumference in the GCKD study (66%) and by several metabolic syndrome parameters, especially body mass index and triglycerides, in the CHRIS study (41%). Conclusions Our data show an inverse association of mtDNA-CN with higher risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. A major part of the total effect of mtDNA-CN on type 2 diabetes is mediated by obesity parameters.
The codes and the lattices of Hadamard matrices
Creators: name: Munemasa, Akihiro
name: Tamura, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 05B20, Secondary 94C30, 11H71

description: It has been observed by Assmus and Key as a result of the complete classification of Hadamard matrices of order 24, that the extremality of the binary code of a Hadamard matrix H of order 24 is equivalent to the extremality of the ternary code of H^T. In this note, we present two proofs of this fact, neither of which depends on the classification. One is a consequence of a more general result on the minimum weight of the dual of the code of a Hadamard matrix. The other relates the lattices obtained from the binary code and from the ternary code. Both proofs are presented in greater generality to include higher orders. In particular, the latter method is also used to show the equivalence of (i) the extremality of the ternary code, (ii) the extremality of the Z_4-code, and (iii) the extremality of a lattice obtained from a Hadamard matrix of order 48.
description: 16 pages. minor revision
Radio frequency sludge hydrolysis as an energy efficient alternative to microwave and conductive heating for advanced anaerobic digestion
Creators: name: Hosseini Koupaie, Ehssan Ollah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The slow degradation of complex organics such as waste activated sludge (WAS) is a well-known limitation that impacts the process rate of conventional anaerobic digestion (AD). Thermal pretreatment can accelerate the digestion process by disrupting the structure of WAS before AD. The present research was initiated by comparing the two commonly used thermal pretreatment methods, conductive (conventional) heating (CH) and microwave (MW) hydrolysis, for enhanced sludge disintegration and AD performance. A bench-scale programmable MW oven operated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz was used for MW pretreatment. The CH was performed using a custom-built pressure sealed vessel which could simulate the MW pretreatment under any arbitrary heating profiles. After comparing the CH and MW pretreatments, a novel and highly efficient radio frequency (RF) pretreatment system at a frequency of 13.56 MHz was designed, manufactured, and tested for the first time. The RF system was custom-designed based on the dielectric characteristics of thickened WAS (TWAS) to achieve very efficient as well as uniform heating. The effects of the novel RF pretreatment system on sludge solubilization and AD performance were compared with those of the commercially available MW ovens. Considering the obtained results and analyses, under identical thermal profiles, the thermal pretreatment methods (CH, MW at 2.45 GHz, and RF at 13.56 MHz) achieved similar sludge disintegration as well as AD performance (p-value>0.05). However, the pretreatment temperature, heating rate, and holding time were significant factors in determining the sludge solubilization ratio and AD performance. Ohmic heating was found as the primary heating mechanism at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It causes the ionic conduction flow to dominate the heating mechanism in the custom-designed RF pretreatment system by contributing to more than 99% of the total dissipated power. Considering the impedance measurement results, the power transfer efficiency of the RF heating system was above 88% throughout the operation. The overall energy efficiency of the RF pretreatment system was measured between 67.3 to 95.5% for the temperature range of 25 to 120°C which was significantly higher than the MW system efficiency which varied from 37 to 43%.
Galaxies from cosmic dawn to cosmic noon with KLASS
Creators: name: Mason, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS) is an ESO Large Program (PI: A. Fontana) which targeted gravitationally lensed galaxies in the fields of 6 massive galaxy clusters (including 4 of the Frontier Fields). Our primary science drivers are: (1) To investigate z>7 Lyman alpha (Lyα) emission, enabling us to constrain the timeline and topology of reionization. (2) To probe the internal kinematics of galaxies at z∼1−3, with enhanced spatial resolution compared to surveys in blank fields.  I will present an overview of our survey and key results, including the first robust constraint on the intergalactic neutral hydrogen fraction at z~8, inferred from our deep spectroscopic limits on Lyα emission. I will also discuss some lessons we have learned in the planning, reduction and analysis of KMOS observations of faint high redshift targets.
Charting the Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Sky with Pulsar Timing Arrays
Creators: name: Bernardo, Reginald Christian
name: Ng, Kin-Wang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the summer of 2023, the pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) announced a compelling evidence for the existence of a nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). Despite this breakthrough, however, several critical questions remain unanswered: What is the source of the signal? How can cosmic variance be accounted for? To what extent can we constrain nanohertz gravity? When will individual supermassive black hole binaries become observable? And how can we achieve a stronger detection? These open questions have spurred significant interests in PTA science, making this an opportune moment to revisit the astronomical and theoretical foundations of the field, as well as the data analysis techniques employed. In this review, we focus on the theoretical aspects of the SGWB as detected by PTAs. We provide a comprehensive derivation of the expected signal and its correlation, presented in a pedagogical manner, while also addressing current constraints. Looking ahead, we explore future milestones in the field, with detailed discussions on emerging theoretical considerations such as cosmic variance, the cumulants of the one- and two-point functions, subluminal gravitational waves, and the anisotropy and polarization of the SGWB.
description: 31 pages + refs, 7 figures, invited chapter for `One Hundred and Ten Years of General Relativity -- From Genesis and Empirical Foundations to Gravitational Waves, Cosmology and Quantum Gravity', v2: corrected typos, updated references
Learning from Embryogenesis—A Comparative Expression Analysis in Melanoblast Differentiation and Tumorigenesis Reveals miRNAs Driving Melanoma Development
Creators: name: Linck-Paulus, Lisa
name: Lämmerhirt, Lisa
name: Völler, Daniel
name: Meyer, Katharina
name: Engelmann, Julia C.
name: Spang, Rainer
name: Eichner, Norbert
name: Meister, Gunter
name: Kuphal, Silke
name: Bosserhoff, Anja Katrin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: miRNAs; melanoma; embryogenesis; melanoblasts
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Malignant melanoma is one of the most dangerous tumor types due to its high metastasis rates and a steadily increasing incidence. During tumorigenesis, the molecular processes of embryonic development, exemplified by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), are often reactivated. For melanoma development, the exact molecular differences between melanoblasts, melanocytes, and melanoma cells are not completely understood. In this study, we aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that promote melanoma tumorigenesis and progression, based on an in vitro model of normal human epidermal melanocyte (NHEM) de-differentiation into melanoblast-like cells (MBrCs). Using miRNA-sequencing and differential expression analysis, we demonstrated in this study that a majority of miRNAs have an almost equal expression level in NHEMs and MBrCs but are significantly differentially regulated in primary tumor- and metastasis-derived melanoma cell lines. Further, a target gene analysis of strongly regulated but functionally unknown miRNAs yielded the implication of those miRNAs in many important cellular pathways driving malignancy. We hypothesize that many of the miRNAs discovered in our study are key drivers of melanoma development as they account for the tumorigenic potential that differentiates melanoma cells from proliferating or migrating embryonic cells.