cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Dijon et du Dijonnais (XVe siècle), Cart. 175 (11 H 479), 115 folios, f. 0222
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2017
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Dijon et du Dijonnais (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 175 (11 H 479), 115 folios, f. 0222, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Dijon et du Dijonnais (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 175 (11 H 479), 115 folios, f. 0222, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Vortices and 2D bosons: A Path-Integral Monte Carlo Study
Creators: name: Nordborg, Henrik
name: Blatter, Gianni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vortex system in a high-T_c superconductor has been studied numerically using the mapping to 2D bosons and the path-integral Monte Carlo method. We find a single first-order transition from an Abrikosov lattice to an entangled vortex liquid. The transition is characterized by an entropy jump dS = 0.4 k_B per vortex and layer (parameters for YBCO) and a Lindemann number c_L = 0.25. The increase in density at melting is given by dρ= 6.0*10^{-4} / λ(T)^2. The vortex liquid corresponds to a bosonic superfluid, with ρ_s = ρeven in the limit λ-> \infty.
description: 9 pages, RevTeX, 4 PostScript figures. The entropy jump at the transition has been recomputed and is now in agreement with experiments on YBCO. Some minor modifications were made in the text
Campylodiscus stellatus Greville 1859
Creators: name: Joh, Gyeongje
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Surirellales
Surirellaceae
Campylodiscus
Campylodiscus stellatus

description: 78. Campylodiscus stellatus Greville (Figs 150–152)
 Type locality: In Californian guano.
 References: Williams 1988, p. 22, pl. 27, figs 5, 6; Stidolph et al. 2012, pl. 38, fig. 23.
 Morphometrics: Valves 73–91 (103) μm long, 72–98 (107) μm wide, and transapical ribs in inner parts of valve, 4–5 (4.4) in 10 μm.
 Remarks: Campylodiscus stellatus was reported from the Saint Paul Island of the southern Indian Ocean (Reichardt 1871), and Paama Island, a small one in the New Hebrides (now, Vanuatu) of the southern Pacific Ocean (Stidolph et al. 2012). This taxon has been reported in a few places except for the type locality. It was rare epiphytic along the Seogwipo coast, Jeju Island, and represents a new record for South Korea.
description: Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on pages 49-52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058
On diffusive variants of some classical viscoelastic rate-type models
Creators: name: Dostalík, Mark
name: Průša, Vít
name: Skřivan, Tomáš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 80A17

description: We present a thermodynamically based approach to the design of models for viscoelastic fluids with stress diffusion effect. In particular, we show how to add a stress diffusion term to some standard viscoelastic rate-type models (Giesekus, FENE-P, Johnson--Segalman, Phan-Thien--Tanner and Bautista--Manero--Puig) so that the resulting models with the added stress diffusion term are thermodynamically consistent in the sense that they obey the first and the second law of thermodynamics. We point out the potential applications of the provided thermodynamical background in the study of flows of fluids described by the proposed models.
description: Correction of a misprint in the entropy production specification of the Giesekus model
Initial Value Problems and Signature Change
Creators: name: Alty, L. J.
name: Fewster, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make a rigorous study of classical field equations on a 2-dimensional signature changing spacetime using the techniques of operator theory. Boundary conditions at the surface of signature change are determined by forming self-adjoint extensions of the Schrödinger Hamiltonian. We show that the initial value problem for the Klein--Gordon equation on this spacetime is ill-posed in the sense that its solutions are unstable. Furthermore, if the initial data is smooth and compactly supported away from the surface of signature change, the solution has divergent $L^2$-norm after finite time.
description: 33 pages, LaTeX The introduction has been altered, and new work (relating our previous results to continuous signature change) has been included
Additional file 5: of Evaluation of a targeted, theory-informed implementation intervention designed to increase uptake of emergency management recommendations regarding adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury: results of the NET cluster randomised trial
Creators: name: Bosch, Marije
name: McKenzie, Joanne
name: Ponsford, Jennie
name: Turner, Simon
name: Chau, Marisa
name: Tavender, Emma
name: Knott, Jonathan
name: Gruen, Russell
name: Francis, Jill
name: Brennan, Sue
name: Pearce, Andrew
name: OâConnor, Denise
name: Mortimer, Duncan
name: Grimshaw, Jeremy
name: Rosenfeld, Jeffrey
name: Meares, Susanne
name: Smyth, Tracy
name: Michie, Susan
name: Green, Sally
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Overview of NET-Trial intervention and rationale for selection of components. (PDF 447 kb)
Opacity of Shock-Heated Boron Plasmas
Creators: name: Johnson, W. R.
name: Nilsen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard measures of opacity, the imaginary part of the atomic scattering factor $f_2$ and the x-ray mass attenuation coefficient $μ/ρ$, are evaluated in shock-heated boron, boron carbide and boron nitride plasmas. The Hugoniot equation, relating the temperature $T$ behind a shock wave to the compression ratio $ρ/ρ_0$ across the shock front, is used in connection with the plasma equation of state to determine the pressure $p$, effective plasma charge $Z^\ast$ and the K-shell occupation in terms of $ρ/ρ_0$. Solutions of the Hugoniot equation (determined within the framework of the generalized Thomas-Fermi theory) reveal that the K-shell occupation in low-Z ions decreases rapidly from 2 to 0.1 as the temperature increases from 20eV to 500eV; a temperature range in which the shock compression ratio is near 4. The average-atom model (a quantum mechanical version of the generalized Thomas-Fermi theory) is used to determine K-shell and continuum wave functions and the photoionization cross section for x-rays in the energy range $ω=1$eV to 10keV, where the opacity is dominated by the atomic photoionization process. For an uncompressed boron plasma at $T=10$eV, where the K-shell is filled, the average-atom cross section, the atomic scattering factor and the mass attenuation coefficient are all shown to agree closely with previous (cold matter) tabulations. For shock-compressed plasmas, the dependence of the $μ/ρ$ on temperature can be approximated by scaling previously tabulated cold-matter values by the relative K-shell occupation, however, there is a relatively small residual dependence arising from the photoionization cross section. Attenuation coefficients $μ$ for a 9 keV x-ray are given as functions of $T$ along the Hugoniot for B, C, B$_4$C and BN plasmas.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, prepared as a HEDP preprint to accompany a presentation at the RPHDM18 conference
Feedback effects and the self-consistent Thouless criterion of the attractive Hubbard model
Creators: name: Beach, K. S. D.
name: Gooding, R. J.
name: Marsiglio, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a fully microscopic theory of the anomalous normal state of the attractive Hubbard model in the low-density limit that accounts for propagator renormalization. Our analytical conclusions, which focus on the thermodynamic instabilities contained in the self-consistent equations associated with our formulation, have been verified by our comprehensive numerical study of the same equations. The resulting theory is found to contain no transitions at non-zero temperatures for all finite lattices, and we have confirmed, using our numerical studies, that this behaviour persists in the thermodynamic limit for low-dimensional systems.
description: 6 pages, 2 eps format figures
MOESM5 of Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinins and Plasmodium vivax to chloroquine in Phuoc Chien Commune, Ninh Thuan Province, south-central Vietnam
Creators: name: Nguyen Phong
name: Chavchich, Marina
name: Quang, Huynh
name: Nguyen San
name: Birrell, Geoffrey
name: Ilin Chuang
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Nguyen Manh
name: Edstein, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Table S1. Adverse events before and after treatment of Vietnamese patients with CQ for uncomplicated vivax malaria.
The Swift-Hohenberg Equation under directional-quenching: finding heteroclinic connections using spatial and spectral decompositions
Creators: name: Monteiro, Rafael
name: Yoshinaga, Natsuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35B36, 35B32, 37C29, Secondary: 42B37, 35J30, 35P05

description: We study the existence of patterns (nontrivial, stationary solutions) for one-dimensional Swift-Hohenberg Equation in a directional quenching scenario, that is, on $x\leq 0$ the energy potential associated to the equation is bistable, whereas on $x\geq 0$ it is monostable. This heterogeneity in the medium induces a symmetry break that makes the existence of heteroclinic orbits of the type point-to-periodic not only plausible but, as we prove here, true. In this search, we use an interesting result of "Fefferman, Charles, J. Lee-Thorp, and Michael Weinstein. Topologically protected states in one-dimensional systems. Vol. 247. No. 1173. American Mathematical Society, 2017" in order to understand the multiscale structure of the problem, namely, how fast/slow scales interact with each other. In passing, we advocate for a new approach in finding connecting orbits, using what we call `far/near decompositions', relying both on information about the spatial behavior of the solutions and on Fourier analysis. Our method is functional analytic and PDE based, relying minimally on dynamical system techniques and making no use of comparison principles whatsoever.
description: 41 pages, 6 figures
SuperNovae Neutrino Observatories
Creators: name: Pattavina, Luca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Plenary Session
Supernova
Neutrino
Underground Physics

description: Plenary Talk presented at the XX International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes - Venice 23-27 October 2023 

 

Abstract:

In this review talk we will present the current status of Supernova (SN) neutrino detection, giving an emphasis on the experimental perspective of the field. SN neutrinos are the most abundant and energetic messengers of stellar collapse and explosion, carrying information about the core dynamics, the explosion mechanism, and the neutrino properties. Detecting these neutrinos is a major challenge for current and future experiments, requiring large detector masses, low backgrounds, and efficient signal identification. In this review, we summarize the main technologies used for supernova neutrino detection, such as water Cherenkov, liquid scintillator, liquid argon, and bolometric detectors. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, as well as the main detection channels, such as inverse beta decay, elastic scattering, charged-current and neutrino elastic scattering interactions. We also present the expected event rates and energy spectra for different detector types and supernova models, and compare the sensitivity and discovery potential of various experiments.

 

Funds: ERC-2022-COG — RES-NOVA — 101087295
Limit theory of isolated and extreme points in hyperbolic random geometric graphs
Creators: name: Fountoulakis, Nikolaos
name: Yukich, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C80, 05C12, 05C82

description: Given $α\in (0, \infty)$ and $r \in (0, \infty)$, let ${\cal D}_{r, α}$ be the disc of radius $r$ in the hyperbolic plane having curvature $-α^2$. Consider the Poisson point process having uniform intensity density on ${\cal D}_{R, α}$, with $R = 2 \log(n/ ν),$ $n \in \mathbb{N}$, and $ν< n$ a fixed constant. The points are projected onto ${\cal D}_{R, 1}$, preserving polar coordinates, yielding a Poisson point process ${\cal P}_{α, n}$ on ${\cal D}_{R, 1}$. The hyperbolic geometric graph ${\cal G}_{α, n}$ on ${\cal P}_{α, n}$ puts an edge between pairs of points of ${\cal P}_{α, n}$ which are distant at most $R$. This model has been used to express fundamental features of complex networks in terms of an underlying hyperbolic geometry. For $α\in (1/2, \infty)$ we establish expectation and variance asymptotics as well as asymptotic normality for the number of isolated and extreme points in ${\cal G}_{α, n}$ as $n \to \infty$. The limit theory and renormalization for the number of isolated points are highly sensitive on the curvature parameter. In particular, for $α\in (1/2, 1)$, the variance is super-linear, for $α= 1$ the variance is linear with a logarithmic correction, whereas for $α\in (1, \infty)$ the variance is linear. The central limit theorem fails for $α\in (1/2, 1)$ but it holds for $α\in (1, \infty)$.
description: 58 pages, 6 figures
Why do we suffer? A view from the non-dual Tantric perspective.
Creators: name: Timalsina, Staneshwar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Spanda
shakti
Kula
yantra
Īśāna
saivadvaita
Chandi
Shiva
sthaneshwar timalsina
trika
Tantra
Camunda
Kali
Durga
mahadeva
Vasugupta
Saundaryalahari
vedanta
vimarsha-foundation
Tantric philosophy
anava upaya
Devi Mahatmya
sarvamnaya
Sarvamnaya
Sadāśiva
shakta upāya
sarvamnaya-oral-tradition-archive
advaita vedanta
agama
Shaiva
amnaya
Tripurasundari
tantraloka
tripura
Bhairava
Abhinavagupta
krama
Divine Mother
Kubjika
shambhava
Kaula
timalsina
Mahakali
consciousness
Mālinīvijayottaratantra
Tripura Rahasya
Shiva Sutra
Guhyakālī
Kashmir Shaivism

description: Acharya Dr. Sthaneshwar Timalsina is an esteemed traditionally consecrated teacher of Shaiva-Shakta Hindu Tantra. He is also the Endowed Chair of Indic Studies in New York, U.S.A. at Stony Brook University's College of Arts & Sciences in the Department of Asian & Asian-American Studies. Acharya Sthaneshwar founded Vimarsha Foundation as a modern school (gurukula) for teaching and reflecting on the ancient wisdom of r̥ṣis and siddhas. Through Vimarsha Foundation, a non-profit organization, Acharya Sthaneshwar teaches shastra and sādhanā to students of all backgrounds. The Vimarsha Foundation hosts free semester length courses on classic texts of the Tantric Tradition and offers many more free video and written teachings.
Visit our website to learn more: https://www.vimarshafoundation.org/

This video is an excerpt from the Q&A session of the Mālinīvijayottara Tantra Courses' 4th lecture. You can get full access to this course via recordings following the next link: https://www.vimarshafoundation.org/challenge-page/malinivijayottara

Join our Community on Facebook to discuss these topics and stay connected: https://www.facebook.com/vimarshafoundation

#hinduism #tantra #dharma #shaktism #kashmirshaivism #sarvamnaya #shaivism #nonduality #trika

Original YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL_o-1m3GHk

This presentation is part of the Sarvāmnāya Oral Tradition Archive.
Vimarsha Foundation. (2025). The Sarvāmnāya Oral Tradition Archive [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15188107
Exactly solvable quantum spin ladders associated with the orthogonal and symplectic Lie algebras
Creators: name: Batchelor, M. T.
name: de Gier, J.
name: Links, J.
name: Maslen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the results of spin ladder models associated with the Lie algebras $su(2^n)$ to the case of the orthogonal and symplectic algebras $o(2^n),\ sp(2^n)$ where n is the number of legs for the system. Two classes of models are found whose symmetry, either orthogonal or symplectic, has an explicit n dependence. Integrability of these models is shown for an arbitrary coupling of XX type rung interactions and applied magnetic field term.
description: 7 pages, Latex
Campylodiscus ralfsii W. Smith
Creators: name: Joh, Gyeongje
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Surirellales
Surirellaceae
Campylodiscus
Campylodiscus ralfsii

description: 77. Campylodiscus ralfsii W. Smith (Figs 157–159, 220)
 Synonym: Campylodiscus decorus var. ralfsii (W. Smith) Kisselev.
 Type locality: Ilfracombe, Devon, England (Hendey 1964).
 References: Peragallo & Peragallo 1897–1908, p. 245, pl. 56, fig. 4; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 413, pl. 214, fig. 16; Stidolph et al. 2012, p. 6, fig. 133, pl. 21, fig. 15.
 Morphometrics: Valves 39–43 (40–60) μm in diameter, transapical ribs 5–7 in 10 μm.
 Remarks: It is known that the valve size of Coronia decora (Brébisson) Ruck & Guiry are larger than Campylodiscus ralfsii (Peragallo & Peragallo 1897–1908), the specimens collected in local areas were in the same ranges. But transapical striae in the pyriform cup between the ribs are more distinct in C. decora to be observed under the light microscopy, unlike C. ralfsii.
 C. ralfsii was found in Portobello Bay of New Zealand (Wood 1961), Palawan of Philippines (Podzorski & Håkansson 1987), the Bahamas (Hein et al. 2008), Yap Islands of the west Pacific Ocean (Navarro & Lobban 2009), the Azores of the North Atlantic Ocean and Galapagos Islands of the east Pacific Ocean (Stidolph et al. 2012), Amurskiy Bay of the East Sea in Russia (Tsoy & Moiseenko 2014), Singapore Strait (Tan et al. 2016), and Villa Rica of Mexico in the southern Gulf of Mexico (Siqueiros-Beltrones & Martínez 2017). This taxon is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical zones. but is rarely epiphytic in the Seogwipo coast, Jeju Island.
description: Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058
Disoriented Chiral Condensate: Theory and Phenomenology
Creators: name: Bjorken, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The basic ideas underlying the production dynamics and search techniques for disoriented chiral condensate are described.
description: LaTex, 19 pages
A Halo Occupation Interpretation Of Quasars At $z\sim1.5$ Using Very Small Scale Clustering Information
Creators: name: Eftekharzadeh, S.
name: Myers, A. D.
name: Kourkchi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine the most precise small scale ($< 100\, \rm h^{-1}kpc$) quasar clustering constraintsto date with recent measurements at large scales ($> 1\, \rm h^{-1}Mpc$) from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) to better constrain the satellite fraction of quasars at $z\sim 1.5$ in the halo occupation formalism. We build our Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) framework based on commonly used analytic forms for the one and two-halo terms with two free parameters: the minimum halo mass that hosts a central quasar and the fraction of satellite quasars that are within one halo. Inspired by recent studies that propose a steeper density profile for the dark matter haloes that host quasars, we explore HOD models at kiloparsec scales and best-fit parameters for models with $10\times$ higher concentration parameter. We find that an HOD model with a satellite fraction of $f_{\rm sat} = 0.071_{-0.004}^{+0.009}$ and minimum mass of $\rm M_{m} = 2.31_{-0.38}^{+0.41} \times 10^{12}\, \, \rm h^{-1} M_{\odot}$ for the host dark matter haloes best describes quasar clustering (on all scales) at $z \sim 1.5$. Our results are marginally inconsistent with earlier work that studied brighter quasars, hinting at a luminosity-dependence to the one-halo term.
description: Submitted to MNRAS. Please cross check with the published version when citing the content
Supersymmetry in the Insulating Phase of a Chain of Majorana Cooper Pair Boxes
Creators: name: Ebisu, Hiromi
name: Sagi, Eran
name: Oreg, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charging energy $U$ of a small superconducting island containing Majorana zero modes---a Majorana Cooper-pair box---induces interactions between the Majorana zero modes. Considering a chain of many such boxes, a topological superconductor-insulator transition occurs when $U$ is much larger than the transfer matrix element $t$ between the boxes. In this Letter, we focus on the insulting phases occurring in this regime. We show that there are several competing insulating phases, and that the transition between them is described by a supersymmetric field theory with a central charge $c=7/10$. We obtain this result by mapping the model to a spin-$1$ system and through a field theoretical approach. The microscopic model we propose consists of a chain of Majorana Cooper-pair boxes with \textit{local} tunneling between Majorana zero modes and \textit{local} charging energy terms, which can be controlled by gate potentials, thus making its realization more feasible.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Gravitational-Radiation Damping of Compact Binary Systems to Second Post-Newtonian order
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Damour, Thibault
name: Iyer, Bala R.
name: Will, Clifford M.
name: Wiseman, Alan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rate of gravitational-wave energy loss from inspiralling binary systems of compact objects of arbitrary mass is derived through second post-Newtonian (2PN) order $O[(Gm/rc^2)^2]$ beyond the quadrupole approximation. The result has been derived by two independent calculations of the (source) multipole moments. The 2PN terms, and in particular the finite mass contribution therein (which cannot be obtained in perturbation calculations of black hole spacetimes), are shown to make a significant contribution to the accumulated phase of theoretical templates to be used in matched filtering of the data from future gravitational-wave detectors.
description: 12 pages, RevTeX 3.0. Direct all correspondence to cmw@howdy.wustl.edu, FAX 314-935-6219
$SU(5)$ Grand Unified Theory with $A_4$ Modular Symmetry
Creators: name: de Anda, Francisco J.
name: King, Stephen F.
name: Perdomo, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first example of a grand unified theory (GUT) with a modular symmetry interpreted as a family symmetry. The theory is based on supersymmetric $SU(5)$ in 6d, where the two extra dimensions are compactified on a $T_2/\mathbb{Z}_2$ orbifold. We have shown that, if there is a finite modular symmetry, then it can only be $A_4$ with an (infinite) discrete choice of moduli, where we focus on $τ= ω=e^{i2π/3}$, the unique solution with $|τ|=1$. The fields on the branes respect a generalised CP and flavour symmetry $A_4\ltimes \mathbb{Z}_2$ which is isomorphic to $S_4$ which leads to an effective $μ-τ$ reflection symmetry at low energies, implying maximal atmospheric mixing and maximal leptonic CP violation. We construct an explicit model along these lines with two triplet flavons in the bulk, whose vacuum alignments are determined by orbifold boundary conditions, analogous to those used for $SU(5)$ breaking with doublet-triplet splitting. There are two right-handed neutrinos on the branes whose Yukawa couplings are determined by modular weights. The charged lepton and down-type quarks have diagonal and hierarchical Yukawa matrices, with quark mixing due to a hierarchical up-quark Yukawa matrix.
description: Extended discussion
Additional file 1 of Circulating inflammatory cytokines and risk of five cancers: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Creators: name: Bouras, Emmanouil
name: Karhunen, Ville
name: Gill, Dipender
name: Huang, Jian
name: Haycock, Philip C.
name: Gunter, Marc J.
name: Johansson, Mattias
name: Brennan, Paul
name: Key, Tim
name: Lewis, Sarah J.
name: Martin, Richard M.
name: Murphy, Neil
name: Platz, Elizabeth A.
name: Travis, Ruth
name: Yarmolinsky, James
name: Zuber, Verena
name: Martin, Paul
name: Katsoulis, Michail
name: Freisling, Heinz
name: Nøst, Therese Haugdahl
name: Schulze, Matthias B.
name: Dossus, Laure
name: Hung, Rayjean J.
name: Amos, Christopher I.
name: Ahola-Olli, Ari
name: Palaniswamy, Saranya
name: Männikkö, Minna
name: Auvinen, Juha
name: Herzig, Karl-Heinz
name: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka
name: Lehtimäki, Terho
name: Salomaa, Veikko
name: Raitakari, Olli
name: Salmi, Marko
name: Jalkanen, Sirpa
name: Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta
name: Dehghan, Abbas
name: Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Members from the PRACTICAL Consortium, CRUK, BPC3, CAPS and PEGASUS.
Bose glass and Mott insulator phase in the disordered boson Hubbard model
Creators: name: Kisker, J.
name: Rieger, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Villain representation of the two-dimensional disordered boson Hubbard model via Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the probability distribution of the local susceptibility has a 1/χ^2-tail in the Bose glass phase. This gives rise to a divergence although particles are completely localized here as we prove with the help of the participation ratio. We demonstrate the presence of an incompressible Mott lobe within the Bose glass phase and show that a direct Mott-insulator to superfluid transition happens at the tip of the lobe. Here we find critical exponents z=1, ν~0.7$ and η~0.1, which are reminiscent of the pure three-dimensional classical XY model.
description: 5 pages RevTeX, 5 postscript-figures included
Light pseudoscalar meson and doubly charmed baryon scattering lengths with heavy diquark-antiquark symmetry
Creators: name: Meng, Lu
name: Zhu, Shi-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We adopt the heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory (HBChPT) to calculate the scattering lengths of $ϕB_{cc}^{(*)}$ up to $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$, where $ϕ$ is the pseudoscalar mesons. The recoil effect and the mass splitting between the spin-$1\over 2$ and spin-$3\over 2$ doubly charmed baryons are included. In order to give the numerical results, we construct the chiral Lagrangians with heavy diquark-antiquark (HDA) symmetry in a formally covariant approach. Then, we relate the low energy constants (LECs) of the doubly charmed baryons to those of $D^{(*)}$ mesons. The LECs for the $ϕD^{(*)}$ scattering are estimated in two scenarios, fitting lattice QCD results and using the resonance saturation model. The chiral convergence of the first scenario is not good enough due to the the large strange quark mass and the presence of the possible bound states, virtual states and resonance. The final results for two scenarios are consistent with each other. The interaction for the $[πΞ^{(*)}_{cc}]^{(1/2)}$, $[KΞ^{(*)}_{cc}]^{(0)}$, $[KΩ^{(*)}_{cc}]^{(1/2)}$, $[ηΞ^{(*)}_{cc}]^{(1/2)}$, $[ηΩ^{(*)}_{cc}]^{(0)}$ and $[\bar{K}Ξ^{(*)}_{cc}]^{(0)}$ channels are attractive. The most attractive channel $[\bar{K}Ξ^{(*)}_{cc}]^{(0)}$ may help to form the partner states of the $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ ($D_{s1}(2460)$) in the doubly heavy sector.
description: 12 pages, 2 figure
Additional file 3: of Evaluation of a targeted, theory-informed implementation intervention designed to increase uptake of emergency management recommendations regarding adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury: results of the NET cluster randomised trial
Creators: name: Bosch, Marije
name: McKenzie, Joanne
name: Ponsford, Jennie
name: Turner, Simon
name: Chau, Marisa
name: Tavender, Emma
name: Knott, Jonathan
name: Gruen, Russell
name: Francis, Jill
name: Brennan, Sue
name: Pearce, Andrew
name: OâConnor, Denise
name: Mortimer, Duncan
name: Grimshaw, Jeremy
name: Rosenfeld, Jeffrey
name: Meares, Susanne
name: Smyth, Tracy
name: Michie, Susan
name: Green, Sally
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: CONSORT checklist. (PDF 301 kb)
title: ADCO, Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0466
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0466, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0466, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
A Multiple-Criteria Web-Based Decision Support System for Oversize/Overweight Vehicles Routing/Permitting In Rhode Island
Creators: name: Asadi, Pouria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90501 Civil Geotechnical Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: The benefits of the developed wSDSS include providing safety benefits by responding to rapidly changing roadway conditions, increasing longevity of the state infrastructure.
Additional file 1 of Effect of increased positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure and cerebral oxygenation: impact of respiratory mechanics and hypovolemia
Creators: name: Chen, Han
name: Zhou, Xiao-Fen
name: Zhou, Da-Wei
name: Zhou, Jian-Xin
name: Yu, Rong-Guo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Comprehensive experimental methods.
Melting of Moving Vortex Lattices With Periodic Pinning
Creators: name: Reichhardt, C.
name: Zimanyi, G. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the effects of temperature on moving vortex lattices interacting with periodic pinning arrays. For low temperatures the vortex lattice flows in channels, forming a hexatic structure with long range transverse and longitudinal ordering. At higher temperatures, a transition to a smectic state occurs where vortices wander between channels and longitudinal order is lost while transverse order remains. At the highest temperatures the vortex lattice melts into an isotropic liquid.
description: 4 postscript figures
MOESM4 of Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinins and Plasmodium vivax to chloroquine in Phuoc Chien Commune, Ninh Thuan Province, south-central Vietnam
Creators: name: Nguyen Phong
name: Chavchich, Marina
name: Quang, Huynh
name: Nguyen San
name: Birrell, Geoffrey
name: Ilin Chuang
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Nguyen Manh
name: Edstein, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. In vitro drug susceptibility data (IC50, nM) of the laboratory control Plasmodium falciparum D6 and MRA1240 lines and the 11 field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum collected from study participants. Table S2. Admission parasitaemia and parasite clearance time of the 11 adult patients who provided a blood sample for in vitro drug susceptibility testing (see Table S1 for IC50 values). Table S3. Determination of the proportion of viable parasites (% survival) in DHA-treated compared to untreated cultures by microscopy. Table S4. Determination of the proportion of viable parasites (% survival) in PPQ-treated compared to untreated cultures by microscopy.
A.model of cation ordering in A(B'_xB''_1-x)O_3 relaxors
Creators: name: Lapinskas, S.
name: Tornau, E. E.
name: Rosengren, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown that the lattice-gas model with four repulsive pair interaction constants (corresponding to the four nearest coordination shells) on a simple cubic lattice is a sufficient model to describe the main types of cation ordering in relaxors. The phase diagram, obtained by the cluster variation method, shows the sequences of transitions between the phases 1:2 - 1:1 - disordered and 1:2 - disordered.
description: 13 pages in latex format, 6 ps figures. submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Trichocoleus caatingensis N. M. Machado-de-Lima et Branco, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Machado de Lima, N. M.
name: Branco, L. H. Z.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteriia
Cyanobacteriales
Schizotrichaceae
Trichocoleus
Trichocoleus caatingensis

description: Trichocoleus caatingensis N.M. Machado-de-Lima et Branco, sp. nov. Fig: 2h.
Thallus dark blue-green.Filaments entangled, 2.0 µm wide. Sheaths firm, thin, colorless, hyaline. Trichomes cylindrical, constricted at the granulated cross walls, 2.0 µm wide. Cells cylindrical, isodiametric, 2.0–4.0 µm long. Cell content blue-green, homogeneous. Apical cells conical-obtuse to sharply pointed, without calyptra, 4.0-5.0 µm long.
 Representative sequences (GenBank codes– Trichocoleus caatingensis, strain CATCD2: MT311250 –partial 16S rRNA.
 Etymology: L. adj. caatingensis = from Brazilian biome Caatinga.
Habitat: topsoil.
 Please note the Genbank reference number for Trichocoleus caatingensis at TABLE S2, page 281:
 1. Trichocoleus caatingensis CATCD2 (MT311249) -   Should read:
 1. Trichocoleus caatingensis CATCD2 (MT311250) -
Please note the sample CATCB 1 in the TABLE 1, page 264
 Code GPS Coordinates Municipality Altitude (m) CATCC2, CATCC10 07°07’S; 36°08’W Pocinhos 559 CATCB6, CATCB9, CATCB5 07°24’S; 36°19’W Cabaceiras 420 CATCA7 07°27’S; 36°16’W Cabaceiras 433 CATCD2, CATCB1 06°41’S; 36°03’W Barra de Santa Rosa 458   Should read:
 Code GPS Coordinates Municipality Altitude (m) CATCC2, CATCC10 07°07’S; 36°08’W Pocinhos 559 CATCB6, CATCB9, CATCB5, CATCB1 07°24’S; 36°19’W Cabaceiras 420 CATCA7 07°27’S; 36°16’W Cabaceiras 433 CATCD2 06°41’S; 36°03’W Barra de Santa Rosa 458
description: Published as part of Machado de Lima, N. M. & Branco, L. H. Z., 2020, Machado de Lima, N. M. & Branco, L. H. Z. (2020) Biological soil crusts: new genera and species of Cyanobacteria from Brazilian semi-arid regions. Phytotaxa 470 (4): 263 - 281., pp. 299-300 in Phytotaxa 472 (3) on pages 299-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.472.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/8061043
Coronia impressa Ruck & Guiry
Creators: name: Joh, Gyeongje
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Turridae
Coronia
Coronia impressa

description: 79. Coronia impressa (Grunow) Ruck & Guiry (Fig. 160)
 Synonym: Campylodiscus impressus Grunow.
 Type locality: Baleares.
 Reference: Schmidt et al. 1874–1959, pl. 51, fig. 10.
 Morphometrics: Valves 30 μm long, 30 μm wide, and transapical ribs 10.7 in 10 μm.
 Remarks: Coronia impressa was reported from Portobello Bay of New Zealand (Wood 1961), and from Hooghly Estuary of Bay of Bengal, India (Mukherjee et al. 2013). This taxon is listed on the catalogue of British marine diatoms (Hartley & Williams 1986) and on the phytoplankton list of east Adriatic Sea (Viličić et al. 2002). Few collection sites are known. It is a subtropical taxon found in warmer marine waters. It is found rarely along the Seogwipo coast, Jeju Island, and thus represents a new record for South Korea.
description: Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058
Dilute Fermi gas at fourth order in effective field theory
Creators: name: Wellenhofer, C.
name: Drischler, C.
name: Schwenk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using effective field theory methods, we calculate for the first time the complete fourth-order term in the Fermi-momentum or $k_{\rm F} a_s$ expansion for the ground-state energy of a dilute Fermi gas. The convergence behavior of the expansion is examined for the case of spin one-half fermions and compared against quantum Monte-Carlo results, showing that the Fermi-momentum expansion is well-converged at this order for $| k_{\rm F} a_s | \lesssim 0.5$.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; v2: minor improvements in text, references updated, matches published version
One-dimensional tight-binding models with correlated diagonal and off-diagonal disorder
Creators: name: Tessieri, L.
name: Izrailev, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study localization properties of electronic states in one-dimensional lattices with nearest-neighbour interaction. Both the site energies and the hopping amplitudes are supposed to be of arbitrary form. A few cases are considered in details. We discuss first the case in which both the diagonal potential and the fluctuating part of the hopping amplitudes are small. In this case we derive a general analytical expression for the localization length, which depends on the pair correlators of the diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements. The second case we investigate is that of strong uncorrelated disorder, for which approximate analytical estimates are given and compared with numerical data. Finally, we study the model with short-range correlations which constitutes an extension with off-diagonal disorder of the random dimer model.
description: 11 pages, 7 EPS figures; submitted to "Physica E"
Experimental Quantum Switching for Exponentially Superior Quantum Communication Complexity
Creators: name: Wei, Kejin
name: Tischler, Nora
name: Zhao, Si-Ran
name: Li, Yu-Huai
name: Arrazola, Juan Miguel
name: Liu, Yang
name: Zhang, Weijun
name: Li, Hao
name: You, Lixing
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Chen, Yu-Ao
name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Pryde, Geoff J.
name: Xu, Feihu
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding exponential separation between quantum and classical information tasks is like striking gold in quantum information research. Such an advantage is believed to hold for quantum computing but is proven for quantum communication complexity. Recently, a novel quantum resource called the quantum switch---which creates a coherent superposition of the causal order of events, known as quantum causality---has been harnessed theoretically in a new protocol providing provable exponential separation. We experimentally demonstrate such an advantage by realizing a superposition of communication directions for a two-party distributed computation. Our photonic demonstration employs $d$-dimensional quantum systems, qudits, up to $d=2^{13}$ dimensions and demonstrates a communication complexity advantage, requiring less than $(0.696 \pm 0.006)$ times the communication of any causally ordered protocol. These results elucidate the crucial role of the coherence of communication direction in achieving the exponential separation for the one-way processing task, and open a new path for experimentally exploring the fundamentals and applications of advanced features of indefinite causal structures.
description: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
SIROJJIDDIN SAYYID SHE'RIYATIDA YOMG'IR OBRAZI XUSUSIDA
Creators: name: Ergasheva, Rayhon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada O’zbekiston xalq shoiri Sirojiddin Sayyid she’riyatida faol bo‘lgan yomg‘ir obraziining qo‘llanilishi o‘rganiladi. Shoirning she’rlarida mazkur obrazning badiiy xususiyatlar tahlil qilinadi.
Estimating population average treatment effects from experiments with noncompliance
Creators: name: Ottoboni, Kellie
name: Poulos, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Randomized control trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for estimating causal effects, but often use samples that are non-representative of the actual population of interest. We propose a reweighting method for estimating population average treatment effects in settings with noncompliance. Simulations show the proposed compliance-adjusted population estimator outperforms its unadjusted counterpart when compliance is relatively low and can be predicted by observed covariates. We apply the method to evaluate the effect of Medicaid coverage on health care use for a target population of adults who may benefit from expansions to the Medicaid program. We draw RCT data from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment, where less than one-third of those randomly selected to receive Medicaid benefits actually enrolled.
description: Forthcoming, Journal of Causal Inference
Exact Black Hole and Cosmological Solutions in a Two-Dimensional Dilaton-Spectator Theory of Gravity
Creators: name: Chan, K. C. K.
name: Mann, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact black hole and cosmological solutions are obtained for a special two-dimensional dilaton-spectator ($ϕ-ψ$) theory of gravity. We show how in this context any desired spacetime behaviour can be determined by an appropriate choice of a dilaton potential function $V(ϕ)$ and a ``coupling function'' $l(ϕ)$ in the action. We illustrate several black hole solutions as examples. In particular, asymptotically flat double- and multiple- horizon black hole solutions are obtained. One solution bears an interesting resemblance to the $2D$ string-theoretic black hole and contains the same thermodynamic properties; another resembles the $4D$ Reissner-Nordstrom solution. We find two characteristic features of all the black hole solutions. First the coupling constants in $l(ϕ)$ must be set equal to constants of integration (typically the mass). Second, the spectator field $ψ$ and its derivative $ψ^{'}$ both diverge at any event horizon. A test particle with ``spectator charge" ({\it i.e.} one coupled either to $ψ$ or $ψ^{'}$), will therefore encounter an infinite tidal force at the horizon or an ``infinite potential barrier'' located outside the horizon respectively. We also compute the Hawking temperature and entropy for our solutions. In $2D$ $FRW$ cosmology, two non-singular solutions which resemble two exact solutions in $4D$ string-motivated cosmology are obtained. In addition, we construct a singular model which describes the $4D$ standard non-inflationary big bang cosmology ($big-bang\rightarrow radiation\rightarrow dust$). Motivated by the similaritiesbetween $2D$ and $4D$ gravitational field equations in $FRW$ cosmology, we briefly discuss a special $4D$ dilaton-spectator action constructed from the bosonic part of the low energy heterotic string action and
description: 34 pgs. Plain Tex, revised version contains some clarifying comments concerning the relationship between the constants of integration and the coupling constants.