cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: PI-RADS v2.1: What's new in the structured report of multiparametric resonance imaging of the prostate
Creators: name: Delgado Moraleda, Juan Jose
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Image verification
subject: Cancer
subject: Screening
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Pelvis
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1.- Describe the procedure for detecting and characterizing lesions according to the PI-RADS system. 2.- Describe what has changed in the new version of...
title: Intracranial calcifications: an updated review
Creators: name: Naffaa, Lena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Observational
subject: Not applicable
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe intracranial calcifications with a particular focus on their size, pattern and location on non-contrast CT scan in a wide spectrum of diseases in both pediatric and adult populations . To formulate a sound differential diagnosis based on...
title: Pulmonary hypertension made easy
Creators: name: Alonso Sánchez, Jaime
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Hypertension
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Pulmonary vessels
subject: Lung
subject: Chest
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - Understand the underlying physiological conditions of the pulmonary hypertension. - Describe the imaging features of pulmonary hypertension (PH) to identify different subtypes and associated manifestations. - Provide an updated on the recent...
India's Economic Strides
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics

description: Focuses on India's embrace of market reforms after decades of bureaucratic socialism. Economic performance prior to the reforms; factors contributing to India's economic failure; economic crisis by late 1980s; steps taken to improve the economy of India; reasons why the reforms can be expected to endure; outlook for the Indian economy.
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: Long‐Run Effects and Policy Implications
Creators: name: Berger, Lawrence M.
name: Waldfogel, Jane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Public health

description: In this article, we review the literature regarding prenatal cocaine exposure and child development. We then reexamine current child welfare policies in light of that literature, paying particular attention to laws that mandate reporting substance‐exposed newborns and substance use during pregnancy as well as policies that view such reports as prima facie evidence of child maltreatment. Finally, we reassess the utility of such policies, given our current knowledge of the long‐term effects of prenatal exposure, and consider alternative approaches to protecting children who are born to parents who are using crack cocaine.
Brain connectivity fingerprinting and behavioural prediction rest on distinct functional systems of the human connectome
Creators: name: Mantwill, Maron
name: Gell, Martin
name: Krohn, Stephan
name: Finke, Carsten
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: brain connectivity fingerprinting
subject: behavioural prediction
subject: human connectome
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The prediction of inter-individual behavioural differences from neuroimaging data is a rapidly evolving field of research focusing on individualised methods to describe human brain organisation on the single-subject level. One method that harnesses such individual signatures is functional connectome fingerprinting, which can reliably identify individuals from large study populations. However, the precise relationship between functional signatures underlying fingerprinting and behavioural prediction remains unclear. Expanding on previous reports, here we systematically investigate the link between discrimination and prediction on different levels of brain network organisation (individual connections, network interactions, topographical organisation, and connection variability). Our analysis revealed a substantial divergence between discriminatory and predictive connectivity signatures on all levels of network organisation. Across different brain parcellations, thresholds, and prediction algorithms, we find discriminatory connections in higher-order multimodal association cortices, while neural correlates of behaviour display more variable distributions. Furthermore, we find the standard deviation of connections between participants to be significantly higher in fingerprinting than in prediction, making inter-individual connection variability a possible separating marker. These results demonstrate that participant identification and behavioural prediction involve highly distinct functional systems of the human connectome. The present study thus calls into question the direct functional relevance of connectome fingerprints. Mantwill et al. analysed the relationship between functional connectivity markers that are specific to individuals (i.e. brain fingerprints) and those predictive of behaviour. They reveal that these markers are unrelated and suggest an alternative perspective on the basis of individual signatures.
Impact of Power Outages Depends on Who Loses It: Equity-Informed Grid Resilience Planning
Creators: name: Hasenbein, John J.
name: Kutanoglu, Erhan
name: Toplu-Tutay, Gizem
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Power Grid Resilience
Equity
Grid Resilience Planning
Load shed
Social Vulnerability Index

description: This research presents a novel approach for enhancing power grid resilience with a focus on social equity in light of increasing natural disasters. We recognize that natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods can disproportionately affect disadvantaged communities, exacerbating existing disparities. Our research aims to bridge this gap by integrating tailored equity metrics into resilience planning. Our methodology utilizes a two-stage stochastic optimization model for hurricane-induced flood mitigation, which optimizes substation hardening and power flow decisions. The goal of this model is to minimize both the expected load shed and the expected well-being loss metrics of socially vulnerable communities (affected population and duration of loss) in the aftermath of flooding. We explore the trade-off between these objectives. What sets our research apart is the integration of realistic flood scenario generation, a large-scale synthetic power grid of Texas, and multiple methodologies in resource allocation, community impact modeling, power flow modeling, and equity metric development, as well as comprehensive computational experiments. The findings highlight the importance of the composite objective function in altering power flow decisions to prioritize electricity provision and save communities in disadvantaged areas even without investing in substation hardening (i.e., just managing load shedding with more attention to such vulnerabilities). The results also quantify the equity and load shed benefits of substation hardening as a function of the investment budget with a parameterized analysis. With an attention to equity, power outages increase in nonvulnerable communities — a trade-off made to mitigate well-being loss in the most vulnerable areas. Notably, more attention to equity provides a lower or equal number of people saved per 1 MW increase in the load shed, underscoring the concept of diminishing returns. Our findings highlight the importance of strategically allocating a limited budget and consistently prioritizing the hardening of substations serving more vulnerable populations. We further explore a justice model inspired by the government’s Justice40 initiative but find it less effective than our equity-informed models at preventing well-being loss. Our findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, grid operators, and utilities striving for a more resilient and equitable power grid. We believe that our research will not only contribute to equitable power grid resilience but also provide practical solutions to address the pressing challenges posed by climate change and natural disasters.
title: Safe avoidance of sampling fibroadenomatoid lesions that fit the Stavros criteria in the 25-29 year age group?
Creators: name: Brown, Jennifer
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Breast
subject: Ultrasound

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Aim : The aim of this research was to determine whether the current protocol (Stavros criteria) used for the avoidance of needle sampling of fibroadenomas can be changed to include patients aged 25-29 years. If proved feasible: benefit patients by...
Charginos Hiding In Plain Sight
Creators: name: Curtin, David
name: Jaiswal, Prerit
name: Meade, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent 7 TeV 5/fb measurements by ATLAS and CMS have measured both overall and differential WW cross sections that differ from NLO SM predictions. While these measurements aren't statistically significant enough to rule out the SM, we demonstrate that the data from both experiments can be better fit with the inclusion of electroweak gauginos with masses of O(100) GeV. We show that these new states are consistent with other experimental searches/measurements and can have ramifications for Higgs phenomenology. Additionally, we show how the first measurements of the WW cross section at 8 TeV by CMS strengthen our conclusions.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures v2:significant updates incorporating summer experimental results, conclusions strengthened
Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Occupational Choice and Attainment
Creators: name: Silver, Catherine B.
name: Spilerman, Seymour
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Psychology, Industrial

description: In this paper, we examine how two psychoanalytic concepts--character structure and defense mechanism-elucidate the issues of occupational choice and attainment. By character structure we mean an individual's general mode of functioning. By defense mechanism we mean ways of responding to anxiety. Both factors shape the behavioral expression of ideas and feelings and interact with occupational requirements. Using five styles of functioning-defined as personality disorders in DSM III-R-we discuss implications for career development. First, we argue that individuals with different character structures select into, and succeed in, occupations that reward their particular personality type. In this framework, mild levels of character disorders are turned into assets in certain work contexts. Second, we argue that mature--that is, "neurotic"--defenses enhance attainment in a wide range of occupations.
title: The acute paediatric abdomen- a diagnostic dilemma
Creators: name: Naidu, Vishnu
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Acute
subject: Teleradiology
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen
subject: Paediatric
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To appreciate ultrasound appearances of non-traumatic causes of the paediatric acute abdomen. To appreciate the different aetiologies based upon age and the hallmark diagnostic and ancillary findings. To evaluate the need for further supplemental...
Feasibility of robotic-assisted pancreatic resection in patients with previous minor abdominal surgeries: a single-center experience of the first three years
Creators: name: Ritschl, Paul Viktor
name: Miller, Hannah Kristin
name: Hillebrandt, Karl
name: Timmermann, Lea
name: Felsenstein, Matthäus
name: Benzing, Christian
name: Globke, Brigitta
name: Öllinger, Robert
name: Schöning, Wenzel
name: Schmelzle, Moritz
name: Pratschke, Johann
name: Malinka, Thomas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery
subject: daVinci Xi system
subject: History of abdominal surgery
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery is limited to specialized high-volume centers and selected patient cohorts. Especially for patients with a history of previous abdominal surgeries, the standard procedure remains open surgery due to the fear of complications caused by abdominal adhesions. Methods: Clinical data of all consecutive patients undergoing robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery using the daVinci Xi system (Intuitive Surgical) at our center (Department of Surgery, Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany) were collected prospectively and further analyzed from October 2017 to October 2020. Prior abdominal surgeries were specified according to the surgical approach and localization. In univariate and multivariate analysis, baseline and perioperative parameters of patients with a history of prior abdominal surgeries (PS) were compared to those of patients with no history of prior abdominal surgeries (NPS). Results: Out of 131 patients undergoing robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery, 62 (47%) had a history of abdominal surgery. Previous procedures included most often appendectomy (32%) followed by gynecological surgery (29%) and cholecystectomy (27%). 24% of PS had received multiple surgeries prior to the robotic-assisted pancreatic resections. Baseline characteristics and comorbidities were comparable between the groups. We did not detect differences in the duration of surgery (262 min), conversion rates (10%), and postoperative complications between NPS and PS. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), and in-house mortality showed no significant differences between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed male sex and high BMI as a potential predictive factor for severe postoperative complications. Other characteristics like the type of pancreatic resection, ASA, and underlying malignancy showed no difference in the multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We propose robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery to be safe and feasible for patients with a history of minor prior abdominal surgery. Hence, each patient should individually be evaluated for a minimally invasive approach regardless of a history of previous operations.
Criticality and phase separation in a two-dimensional binary colloidal fluid induced by the solvent critical behavior
Creators: name: Zvyagolskaya, O.
name: Archer, A. J.
name: Bechinger, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental and theoretical study of the phase behavior of a binary mixture of colloids with opposite adsorption preferences in a critical solvent. As a result of the attractive and repulsive critical Casimir forces, the critical fluctuations of the solvent lead to a further critical point in the colloidal system, i.e. to a critical colloidal-liquid--colloidal-liquid demixing phase transition which is controlled by the solvent temperature. Our experimental findings are in good agreement with calculations based on a simple approximation for the free energy of the system.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Europhysics Letters
Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
Creators: name: Ritsche, Indira S.
name: Hampe, Oliver
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Diorocetidae
subject: Breda Formation
subject: IAM
subject: bony septum
subject: crista transversa
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::560 Fossilien, Paläontologie::560 Paläontologie, Paläozoologie

description: Here we present two new Miocene basal balaenomorph mysticetes recognized by periotic bones with a unique combination of characters. The fossil periotics originated from former shallow marine sediments and were discovered in a suburban quarry of Bocholt in the German Münsterland holding a number of remains of a multispecies community of mysticetes. A detailed accompanying analysis of the internal and external structures of mysticete periotics resulted in a critical review and revision of two important characteristics of the pars cochlearis. The partition between the openings for the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve, named here ‘bony septum’ for baleen whales, has been developed so prominently during mysticete evolution that the crista transversa is no longer recognizable in derived forms, as it lies deep inside the inner ear canal and within the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus where it separates the cochlear nerve from the inferior vestibular nerve. We show that the designation of the opening for the superior vestibular nerve as ‘foramen singulare’ is misleading since this term describes the opening for the nerve to the posterior semicircular canal within the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus.
Driftin’ too far from shore – Why the test for compliance with the TBT Agreement developed by the WTO Appellate Body is wrong, and what should the AB have done instead
Creators: name: Mavroidis, Petros C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Foreign trade regulation
International law
Commerce

description: Following years of silence, the WTO Appellate Body (AB) issued almost simultaneously three reports dealing with issues coming under the aegis of the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). The three Panel reports were hard to reconcile, and this feature in and of itself made the task of the AB quite onerous. Some progress has been made and some clarifications have been introduced, but overall the AB has yet to come to grips with a coherent approach regarding the understanding of the TBT Agreement. The main argument in this paper is that the AB, in designing its test for consistency with the TBT Agreement, did not do any different than it would have done had no TBT Agreement existed. It is, nevertheless, response to the question ‘what has the TBT added to the pre-existing legislative arsenal’ that should point to the elements that must be included in developing a test of consistency against which disputes coming under the aegis of the TBT Agreement should be discussed. The suggested approach consists of a two-tier test whereby Panels would first inquire into the innate characteristics of a measure coming under the aegis of the TBT Agreement, before asking the question whether it has also been applied in non-discriminatory manner.
title: Nasogastric Tube Imaging Guidelines - A Quality Improvement Project of compliance to trust policy at Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
Creators: name: Khurram, Ruhaid
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Not applicable
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Audit and standards
subject: RIS
subject: PACS
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: Professional issues
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: GI Tract

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To evaluate the practice of obtaining and reporting chest radiographs to confirmnasogastric tube (NG) positioning at our local trust with regards to local and National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) guidelines. To identify strategies to improve...
A machine learning approach on the investigation of the scale dependent relation of CAPE and precipitation
Creators: name: Rudolph, Annette
name: Névir, Peter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Precipitation
subject: CAPE
subject: DSI
subject: decision tree
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: The temporal and spatial scale dependent relation of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and precipitation is investigated. Using the COSMO-REA6 data set, we ask which of the standard machine learning algorithms: perceptron, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, k-nearest neighbor and a simple kept deep neural network algorithm can best relate these two variables. Then, we concentrate on decision trees and evaluate the relation of CAPE and precipitation across different scales. We investigate temporal resolutions of 1 hour to 24 hours and horizontal resolutions of 6 km up to 768 km. Regarding ten CAPE and two precipitation classes we find accuracy scores mostly of about 0.7 across all scales. Taking the Dynamic State Index (DSI) as additional predictor into account leads to an overall increase of the scores. We further introduce a theoretical relation of CAPE and precipitation based on the works of Hans Ertel (1933), which will be analyzed in future studies. Today it is natural to tackle complex atmospheric processes using machine learning methods. These data based methods are suggested as additional tool to complement the results gained by the governing equations of atmospheric motion.
title: A department strategy for promoting radiographic research
Creators: name: Mussmann, Bo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Education and training
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Education
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Radiographers
subject: Professional issues
subject: Management
subject: Research

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To appreciate the impact of a focused strategy on radiographic research...
What helps and what hinders in recovery from cumulative trauma
Creators: name: Holland, Elizabeth Robin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This qualitative research used a Critical Incident Technique to explore the resources women have used in their recovery from cumulative trauma, how they used these resources, and what meaning these resources had for the women who used them. Interviews were conducted with seven women who had experienced traumatic events in both childhood and adulthood, and who had reached a level of recovery from this cumulative trauma. Several findings emerged which have the potential to inform counselling approaches when working with women who have experienced cumulative trauma. One finding was that of new resource categories which may be useful for counsellors to explore in their work with women recovering from cumulative trauma. Another finding in regard to the importance of the meaning of these resources was highlighted, leading to the suggestion that counsellors work on a 'meaning' level when exploring helpful resources with their female clients who are recovering from cumulative trauma.
Studying Flow Close to an Interface by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Cross Correlation Spectroscopy: Quantitative Data Analysis
Creators: name: Schmitz, R.
name: Yordanov, S.
name: Butt, H. J.
name: Koynov, K.
name: Duenweg, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Cross Correlation Spectroscopy (TIR-FCCS) has recently (S. Yordanov et al., Optics Express 17, 21149 (2009)) been established as an experimental method to probe hydrodynamic flows near surfaces, on length scales of tens of nanometers. Its main advantage is that fluorescence only occurs for tracer particles close to the surface, thus resulting in high sensitivity. However, the measured correlation functions only provide rather indirect information about the flow parameters of interest, such as the shear rate and the slip length. In the present paper, we show how to combine detailed and fairly realistic theoretical modeling of the phenomena by Brownian Dynamics simulations with accurate measurements of the correlation functions, in order to establish a quantitative method to retrieve the flow properties from the experiments. Firstly, Brownian Dynamics is used to sample highly accurate correlation functions for a fixed set of model parameters. Secondly, these parameters are varied systematically by means of an importance-sampling Monte Carlo procedure in order to fit the experiments. This provides the optimum parameter values together with their statistical error bars. The approach is well suited for massively parallel computers, which allows us to do the data analysis within moderate computing times. The method is applied to flow near a hydrophilic surface, where the slip length is observed to be smaller than 10nm, and, within the limitations of the experiments and the model, indistinguishable from zero.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Small-scale variability of the cross-shelf flow over the outer shelf of the Ross Sea
Creators: name: Kohut, Josh
name: Hunter, Elias
name: Huber, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Submarine geology
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Oceanography

description: The importance of cross-shelf transport across the Ross Sea on local and remote processes has been well documented. In the Ross Sea, mid-water intrusions of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) are modified by shelf water near the shelf break to form Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW). In 2010–2011, we deployed multi-platform technologies focused on this MCDW intrusion in the vicinity of Mawson and Pennell Banks to better understand its role in ecosystem processes across the shelf. The high-resolution time and space sampling provided by an underwater glider, a short-term mooring, and a ship-based survey highlight the scales over which these critical cross-shelf transport processes occur. MCDW cores were observed as small-scale well-defined features over the western slopes of Pennell and Mawson Banks. The mean transport along Pennell Bank was estimated to be about 0.24 Sv but was highly variable in time (hours to days). The observations suggest that the core of MCDW is transported by a predominately barotropic flow that follows topography around the banks toward the south until the slope of the bank flattens and the warmer water moves up and over the bank. This pathway is shown to link the source MCDW with an area of high productivity over the shallows of Pennell Bank.
title: Imaging in self-limiting sternal tumors of childhood (SELSTOC)
Creators: name: Alonso Sánchez, Jaime
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Congenital
subject: Drainage
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Mediastinum
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - To explain the radiological findings of self-limiting sternal tumors of childhood (SELSTOC) and illustrate with images of cases from our institution. - To discuss imaging findings and differential diagnoses of pediatric sternal...
Consanguineous marriages and their association with women’s reproductive health and fertility behavior in Pakistan: secondary data analysis from Demographic and Health Surveys, 1990–2018
Creators: name: Iqbal, Sarosh
name: Zakar, Rubeena
name: Fischer, Florian
name: Zakar, Muhammad Zakria
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Consanguinity
subject: Consanguineous union
subject: Reproduction
subject: FOS: Medical biotechnology
subject: Sexual and reproductive health
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Pakistan has been showing consistently the highest prevalence of consanguinity. The popularity of consanguineous marriages is not declining in the country, because of social, cultural, and religious beliefs as well as economic advantages. However, couples also face various health-related implications, such as poor pregnancy outcomes or multiple reproductive and fertility consequences, having adverse effects on mothers and their children. This research investigated the trend of consanguineous marriages and their association with women's reproductive health and fertility behavior in Pakistan from 1990 to 2018. Methods: This study is based on secondary data analysis, using all four waves of the Pakistan Demographic Health Surveys carried out from 1990 to 2018. The analysis is limited to women aged 15-49 years, who had given birth in the previous five years preceding each survey. Sampling weights were calculated and subsequently weighted analysis was conducted. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association of consanguinity with multiple characteristics related to socio-demographics, co-variates, and women's reproductive health and fertility behaviors. Results: The findings revealed a high but overall stable trend of consanguinity prevalence of about 63% during the last three decades. Consanguineous marriages were more prevalent amongst young and uneducated women, living in rural areas, with poorer wealth status and having less exposure to mass media to access information. A strong association of consanguinity was observed with women's reproductive health and fertility behavior, particularly for women who gave first birth at a younger age, had multi-gravida pregnancies, multi-parity, pregnancy termination, ANC visits, and higher fertility. Conclusion: Consanguineous marriages are predominant in the patriarchal society of Pakistan. Findings revealed that consanguinity contributes significantly to women's reproductive health and fertility behaviors. Appropriate counseling, educational, and health promotional programs related to consanguinity should be designed and launched at the community level to raise awareness about risks towards women's reproductive health and fertility.
Tree-width for first order formulae
Creators: name: Adler, Isolde
name: Weyer, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2; F.4.1; H.2.3

description: We introduce tree-width for first order formulae ϕ, fotw(ϕ). We show that computing fotw is fixed-parameter tractable with parameter fotw. Moreover, we show that on classes of formulae of bounded fotw, model checking is fixed parameter tractable, with parameter the length of the formula. This is done by translating a formula ϕ with fotw(ϕ)
Spin nematic phase in (quasi-)one-dimensional frustrated magnet in strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Syromyatnikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss spin-1/2 one-dimensional (1D) and quasi-1D magnets with competing ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor $J_1$ and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor $J$ exchange interactions in strong magnetic field $H$. It is well known that due to attraction between magnons quantum phase transitions (QPTs) take place at $H=H_s$ from the fully polarized phase to nematic ones if $J>|J_1|/4$. Such a transition at $J>0.368|J_1|$ is characterized by softening of the two-magnon bound-state spectrum. Using a bond operator formalism we propose a bosonic representation of the spin Hamiltonian containing, aside from bosons describing one-magnon spin-1 excitations, a boson describing spin-2 excitations which spectrum coincides at $H\ge H_s$ with the two-magnon bound-state spectrum obtained before. The presence of the bosonic mode in the theory that softens at $H=H_s$ makes substantially standard the QPT consideration. In 1D case at $H
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. Final version
A Distorted MSSM Higgs Sector from Low-Scale Strong Dynamics
Creators: name: Gherghetta, Tony
name: Pomarol, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that when supersymmetry is broken at the TeV scale by strong dynamics, the Higgs sector of the MSSM can be drastically modified. This arises from possible sizeable mixings of the Higgs with the resonances of the strong sector. In particular the mass of the lightest Higgs boson can be significantly above the MSSM bound (~130 GeV). Furthermore only one Higgs doublet is strictly necessary, because the Yukawa couplings can have a very different structure compared to the MSSM. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence electroweak precision observables can be calculated and shown to be below experimental bounds. The most natural way to generate sparticle masses is through mixing with the composite states. This causes the gauginos and Higgsinos to easily obtain Dirac masses around 200 GeV, while scalar masses can be generated either from extra D-terms or also through mixing with the strongly-coupled states. Finally one of the most interesting predictions of these scenarios is the sizeable decay width of the Higgs boson into a very light gravitino (~ 10^{-4} eV) and a Higgsino.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures; v2: improved discussion of oblique parameters and references added
title: Cystic Liver Lesions: Differential Imaging Features
Creators: name: Ruppell, Evan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Metastases
subject: Inflammation
subject: Cysts
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Liver
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: GI Tract

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the differential imaging features of cystic liver lesions and review multimodality imaging (ultrasound, CT, and/or MRI). To correlate findings with ancillary features such as patient demographics and clinical history. Toidentify the...
The Constancy of the Constants of Nature: Updates
Creators: name: Chiba, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current observational and experimental bounds on the time variation of the constants of nature (the fine structure constant $α$, the gravitational constant $G$ and the proton-electron mass ratio $μ=m_p/m_e$) are reviewed.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Prog.Theor.Phys, ref. added
Decompositions of factor codes and embeddings between shift spaces with unequal entropies
Creators: name: Hong, Soonjo
name: Jung, Uijin
name: Lee, In-Je
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B10, 37B40

description: Given a factor code between sofic shifts X and Y, there is a family of decompositions of the original code into factor codes such that the entropies of the intermediate subshifts arising from the decompositions are dense in the interval from the entropy of Y to that of X. Furthermore, if X is of finite type, we can choose those intermediate subshifts as shifts of finite type. In the second part of the paper, given an embedding from a shift space to an irreducible sofic shift, we characterize the set of the entropies of the intermediate subshifts arising from the decompositions of the given embedding into embeddings.
description: 14pages, 2 figures; v2) minor revision. to appear in Ergodic Theory Dynamical Systems
An analysis of stellar populations in globular clusters
Creators: name: Goldsbury, Ryan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis is composed of three chapters, as well as an introduction, which describe three distinct projects. In Chapter 2 we present new measurements of the centers for 65 Milky Way globular clusters. Centers were determined by fitting ellipses to the density distribution as well as the symmetry of the clusters. All of the determinations were done with stellar positions derived from a combination of two single-orbit Advanced Camera for Surveys images of the core of the cluster. We find that the ellipse-fitting method provides remarkable accuracy over a wide range of core sizes and density distributions, while the symmetry method is difficult to use on clusters with very large cores, or low density, requiring a larger field, or a very sharply peaked density distribution. Chapter 3 deals with a re-analysis of previous work on white dwarf natal kicks, and expands on this to analyze the radial distributions of stellar populations in globular clusters at earlier stages of stellar evolution (earlier referring to pre-white dwarf). The effects of stellar incompleteness, and a method to account for this are discussed. Finally, the results of a statistical analysis of completeness corrected radial distributions in 56 globular clusters are presented. No significant evidence of kicks is found, however multiple clusters show evidence that stars along the horizontal branch have not relaxed since undergoing mass loss after leaving the main sequence. In Chapter 4, we present a novel method for determining the distance to a star cluster by fitting spectral energy models to the spectral energy distributions of cluster white dwarfs in multiple filters. The statistics of our fitting method are discussed in detail. This approach results in a true distance modulus of (m-M)₀ = 13.35 ± 0.02 ± 0.06, which corresponds to a physical distance of 4.67 ± 0.04 ± 0.13 kpc. The first error given is random, and the second is systematic.
Pseudapis nubica
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Halictidae
Pseudapis
Pseudapis nubica

description: Pseudapis nubica (W ARNCKE, 1976)
Pseudapis nubica (WARNCKE, 1976): PAULY 1990: 68 (keys ♂, ♀), 76 (tax., descr. ♂ ♀, Obock), 82 (fig. 171), 83 (fig. 189), 84 (fig. 193).
Pseudapis nubica (WARNCKE, 1976): EARDLEY & URBAN 2010: 95 (cat. Afr. reg.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Obock.
Pseudapis nubica is known from the Afrotropical (Djibouti, Somalia) and Palaearctic (e.g. Oman) regions.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 937, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Identifikation von Fahrzeugnutzungsprofilen und deren Einflussfaktoren
Creators: name: Niklas, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: Fahrzeugnutzungsprofile
Fahrzeugnutzung
Urbanitätsindex
Sensordaten
Mobilitätsforschung
Machine Learning

description: Das Fahrzeug ist eines der wichtigsten Verkehrsmittel zur Realisierung von Mobilität. Die Nutzung eines Fahrzeugs setzt sich aus der individuellen Pkw-Mobilität mehrerer Personen zusammen und kann durch verschiedene Faktoren, wie den Kontext (z. B. Urbanität), das Fahrzeug selbst und die Eigenschaften der Nutzer, beeinflusst werden. Diese Arbeit liefert eine grundlegende Metrik zur Strukturierung der Fahrzeugnutzung in drei Dimensionen (Zeit, Distanz und Fahrtzweck) unter Berücksichtigung der genannten Einflussfaktoren. Durch die Identifikation von Fahrzeugnutzungsprofilen ist es nicht nur möglich, die durchschnittliche Nutzung, sondern ähnliche Nutzergruppen differenziert zu betrachten. Diese Informationen liefern Rückschlüsse über die Bedürfnisse der Nutzungsprofile sowie deren Anforderungen an ein Fahrzeug. Deshalb wird im ersten Ansatz die Nutzung von Premium- und Elektrofahrzeugen mit der von Fahrzeugen, welche repräsentativ für eine Bevölkerung stehen, verglichen, indem Premiumfahrzeuge in bestehende Fahrzeugnutzungsprofile auf der Basis von Zeit und Distanz eingeordnet werden. Da bei passiv generierten Sensordaten, welche hauptsächlich in dieser Arbeit verwendet werden, der Fahrtzweck nicht direkt ablesbar ist, wird im nächsten Abschnitt eine Methodik zur Approximation des Fahrtzwecks entwickelt. Darauf aufbauend werden Fahrzeugnutzungsprofile über alle drei Dimensionen gebildet und interpretiert. Damit der Einfluss des Kontextes quantifiziert werden kann, wird ein internationaler und einheitlicher Urbanitätsindex in Abhängigkeit der Erreichbarkeit (z. B. ÖPNV-Qualität), der Dichte (z. B. Bevölkerungsdichte) und der Variabilität (z. B. Anzahl Restaurants) entwickelt. Abschließend wird die Fahrzeugnutzung in Verbindung mit der Urbanität und den Fahrzeugeigenschaften betrachtet.
Talking quiescence: a rigorous theory that supports parallel composition, action hiding and determinisation
Creators: name: Stokkink, Gerjan
name: Timmer, Mark
name: Stoelinga, Mariëlle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The notion of quiescence - the absence of outputs - is vital in both behavioural modelling and testing theory. Although the need for quiescence was already recognised in the 90s, it has only been treated as a second-class citizen thus far. This paper moves quiescence into the foreground and introduces the notion of quiescent transition systems (QTSs): an extension of regular input-output transition systems (IOTSs) in which quiescence is represented explicitly, via quiescent transitions. Four carefully crafted rules on the use of quiescent transitions ensure that our QTSs naturally capture quiescent behaviour. We present the building blocks for a comprehensive theory on QTSs supporting parallel composition, action hiding and determinisation. In particular, we prove that these operations preserve all the aforementioned rules. Additionally, we provide a way to transform existing IOTSs into QTSs, allowing even IOTSs as input that already contain some quiescent transitions. As an important application, we show how our QTS framework simplifies the fundamental model-based testing theory formalised around ioco.
description: In Proceedings MBT 2012, arXiv:1202.5826
Advances in glycoside and oligosaccharide synthesis
Creators: name: Crawford, Conor J.
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: synthesis
subject: glycosides
subject: oligosaccharides
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The structural complexity of glycans poses a serious challenge in the chemical synthesis of glycosides, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Glycan complexity, determined by composition, connectivity, and configuration far exceeds what nature achieves with nucleic acids and proteins. Consequently, glycoside synthesis ranks among the most complex tasks in organic synthesis, despite involving only a simple type of bond-forming reaction. Here, we introduce the fundamental principles of glycoside bond formation and summarize recent advances in glycoside bond formation and oligosaccharide synthesis.
Monitoring Software Reliability using Statistical Process Control An Ordered Statistics Approach
Creators: name: Rao, Bandla Srinivasa
name: Prasad, R. Satya
name: Kantham, R. R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The nature and complexity of software have changed significantly in the last few decades. With the easy availability of computing power, deeper and broader applications are made. It has been extremely necessary to produce good quality software with high precession of reliability right in the first place. Olden day's software errors and bugs were fixed at a later stage in the software development. Today to produce high quality reliable software and to keep a specific time schedule is a big challenge. To cope up the challenge many concepts, methodology and practices of software engineering have been evolved for developing reliable software. Better methods of controlling the process of software production are underway. One of such methods to assess the software reliability is using control charts. In this paper we proposed an NHPP based control mechanism by using order statistics with cumulative quantity between observations of failure data using mean value function of exponential distribution.
description: International Journal of Computer Applications; Published by Foundation of Computer Science
title: Iliac venous variations and duplicated superior vena cava in cases of congenital anomalies of inferior vena cava
Creators: name: Selvamurugan, Vignesh
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: CT
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: Vascular
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Vascular
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe the iliac venous variations in cases of duplication of inferior vena cava (IVC) and occurrence of double superior vena cava (SVC) in association with IVC...
Correspondence
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Horowitz, Irving Louis
name: Howland, Jacob
name: Kohler, Judy
name: Rowan, Andrew N.
name: Lussenhop, Tom
name: Whlean, Ken
name: Weiskopf, Doug
name: DeLapa, Michael
name: Weinstein, James
name: Suarez, John Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. "The Power of Pets," which discussed the passion of U.S. citizen for pets; "Not Two Cents," which focused on foreign policy writings by Thomas Friedman; "Kinder Cuts," which suggested the need for the U.S. administration to focus on balancing the budget and practicing fiscal responsibility.