Pseudosympycnus araza Soares & Capellari 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Soares, Matheus M. M.
name: Capellari, Renato S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Dolichopodidae
Pseudosympycnus
Pseudosympycnus araza

description: Pseudosympycnus araza sp. nov.
(Figs 2, 18–20, 44–46, 66, 74, 79, 82, 86)
Diagnosis (male). Metepimeron yellow (Fig. 2). Femora entirely yellow (Fig. 2). Tibia I not strongly compressed (only slightly thicker than tibiae II and III) (Figs 2, 66). Tarsus I (Fig. 44) mostly brown, with apical 2/3 of It 4 and basal 1/2 of It 5 white: It 1 with 3–5 ventral hairs near base, with dorsal to anterodorsal row of setae on apical half; It 2 with brush of compacted stout dorsal setae directed forward at base and followed by 3 stout setae apically; It 3 laterally flattened with small dorsal projection overlapping base of It 4. Tarsus II (Fig. 45): IIt 5 white and conspicuously flattened. Tarsus III (Fig. 46): IIIt 3 with comb of ventral setae and row of posterior curved setae, which extends to base of IIIt 4.
Description. Male (Fig. 2). Body length [holotype]: 3.6 mm. Wing length: 3.8 mm, width: 1.1 mm. Head (Figs 18, 19). Vertex slightly excavated. Face ground color dark yellow but obscured by dense silvery pruinosity, narrowing in middle (eyes contiguous or nearly so). Frons dark metallic green with some bluish reflections and covered by weak pruinosity. Occiput dark metallic green, covered by weak silvery pruinosity; one row of postoculars black, 4–5 dorsalmost stronger, vertical setae as long as ocellars, ocellar setae divergent, one pair of postocellar very small, paravertical setae slightly longer than postoculars. Palpus thin, ovoid, 3 times longer than wide, 1/3 as long as head height, ground color yellow, obscured by dense silvery pruinosity and covered with a few white, short hairs. Proboscis brown. Antenna entirely brown. Pedicel with crown of setae at apex, dorsalmost slightly longer. Postpedicel triangular, short pubescent, with arista-like stylus arising at upper edge (dorsal). Thorax. Mesonotum and scutellum mostly metallic dark green, mesonotum with some violet reflections; pleura dark brown with some green to bluish reflections and weak pruinosity, but metepimeron and dorsal part of metepisternum (around posterior spiracle) dark yellow. Lower surface of proepisternum with 1 conspicuous black seta and 2–4 white hairs. Acrostichals in two regular rows, 5 pairs of large dorsocentrals, increasing in size posteriorly, last pair slightly offset laterally; 1 large (similar in length to notopleural setae) and 2 very small postpronotal setae; 1 presutural and 1 sutural intra-alar setae, 2 notopleurals, 1 pre- and 1 postsutural supra-alars, 1 postalar; 1 pair of scutellars as long as postalar setae. Legs (Fig. 2). Legs dark yellow, except trochanter I, lateral surface of coxa II, It 1–3, basal 1/3 of It 4 and apex of It 5, IIt 1–4 and entire tarsus III brown; apical 2/3 of It 4, basal 1/2 of It 5 and IIt 5 white. Leg I. Podomere ratios: 27, 23, 14/2/6/7/3. Anterior surface of coxa I covered by short brownish to pale setae, outer edge with 3 anteromedial longer black setae. Femur I with dorsal and anterodorsal surfaces with short vestiture of black setae; with 1 conspicuous ventral seta near basal 1/4, almost as long as half-length of femur (MSSC) (Fig. 66); with 1 short posteroventral seta near apex. Tibia I relatively thicker than II and III, with 2 short posterior setae near 1/3 and 2/3 and anterodorsal row of setae as long as diameter of tibia (MSSC) (Fig. 66). It 1 with 3–5 ventral hairs near base, basalmost longer, with dorsal to anterodorsal row of setae on apical half. It 2 with brush of compacted stout dorsal setae directed forward at base followed by 3 stout setae distally; with short posterodorsal projection bearing some 5 setae. It 3 laterally flattened with dorsal small projection overlapping base of It 4, with dorsal row of curved setae, basal 3 longer. It 4 slightly constricted and bare at basal 1/3 (all MSSC) (Fig. 44). Leg II. Podomere ratios: 28, 41, 34/14/11/5/10. Coxa II with row of short pale setae on outer margin of anterior surface, with most apical seta much longer and black. Femur II with short black vestiture, but ventral surface nearly bare, with 1 conspicuous anterior and 1 posterior preapical seta. Tibia II with 2 dorsal setae at 3/10 and 5/10, 3 anterior setae at 1/10, 4/10 and 6/10, with 1 anteroventral seta at 8/10, and 1 posteroventral, 1 anteroventral, 1 dorsal and 1 anterodorsal setae at apex; IIt 5 conspicuously flattened (MSSC) (Fig. 45). Leg III. Podomere ratios: 30, 44, 4/12/5/6/3. Coxa III with 1 large seta at basal 1/3 and 1 smaller near apex. Femur III with short vestiture on dorsal surface, otherwise mostly bare, except with anterior preapical seta and 3 ventral setae at base (MSSC). Tibia III with scattered setae on dorsal surface, 3 more conspicuous dorsal setae at 3/10, 5/10 and 6/10, with 4 anterodorsal at 1/10, 4/10, 6/10 and at apex, with row of ventral, very dense short setae, more distinct in apical half, and with group of apical anterodorsal hairs, decreasing in size towards apex (MSSC). IIIt 1 with anterior surface bare of major setae, with 1 long posteroventral seta at apex, slightly shorter than tarsomere; IIIt 3 with comb of ventral setae and row of posterior curved setae (extending to base of It 4), 2–3 setae near middle stronger (MSSC) (Fig. 46); IIIt 5 with 4 posterodorsal setae near apex, apicalmost 3–4 times longer than anterior setae and curved (MSSC). Wing. Membrane brownish smoky, darker on anterior part, veins brown. Costal vein ending in wing apex. Posterior margin of wing with conspicuous fringe of setae. Veins R 4+5 and M 1 subparallel near wing apex. CuA+CuP as indistinct fold. Length of crossvein dm-m/last part of M 4 (“CuAx ratio”): 1.4. Halter yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 2). Entire tergite 1 and tergites 2 and 3 laterally yellow, sternites 2 and 3 darker, abdomen otherwise dark brown with coppery and greenish reflections. Tergites 1–6 covered with short black vestiture, but posterior margin of tergites with longer setae (those on tergite 1 1.5x longer than tergite length). Hypopygium (Fig. 79). Capsule and surstylus brown, cercus yellowish. Foramen left lateral. Epandrial lobe with 1 seta; ventral lobe of surstylus rounded at apex and covered by many setae, dorsal lobe pointed, with 1 seta. Hypandrium covering phallus-postgonite apparatus. Cercus pointed at apex, as long as dorsal lobe of surstylus.
Female. Similar to male, except for MSSC and following features: face broader, slightly narrowing in middle, as broad as ocellar tubercle. Palpus unmodified, subtriangular, 2 times longer than wide, 1/5 as long as head height, yellow, covered by dense silvery pruinosity and a few pale, short hairs, with 2–3 black setulae on apical edge (Fig. 20). Ovipositor. Retracted into preceding segments, acanthophorite with spines.
Type material. HOLOTYPE Ƌ, labelled:“ Peru, Cusco, 19rd km W Quincemil / Rio Araza tributary, 13º20′10″S / 70º50′57″W, 864 m, 23–31.viii.2012 ” / “Malaise, J.A. Rafael, R. R. Cavichioli, D.M. Takiya ” / “ Holotype / Pseudosympycnus araza / Soares & Capellari [red label]” (MUSM). Holotype in good condition (terminalia not dissected; right hind tarsus broken off). PARATYPES: same data as holotype (4 Ƌ, INPA, 1 with detached genitalia stored in microvial with glycerin; 3 Ƌ, MZUSP; 2 Ƌ, MUSM); same data, but 3 rd km E Quincemil, 13º13′03″S 70º43′40″W 633 m, 20.viii.–01.ix.2012, Malaise, R. R. Cavichioli, J.A. Rafael, A.P.M. Santos & D.M. Takiya (1 Ƌ, INPA; 1 Ƌ, MZUSP).
Additional material examined. Same data as holotype (2 ♀, INPA; 2 ♀, MZUSP; 2 ♀, MUSM).
Etymology. Toponimic, referring to the Araza River (Fig. 82), near the type-locality. Treated as a noun in apposition.
Remarks. Pseudosympycnus araza sp. nov. was found in sympatry with an undescribed species close to P. bicolor (represented by a single damaged male). Since the association between males and females of this species is currently difficult, we prefer to describe the females collected in the type-locality, but to treat them as “additional material” until females can be more confidently associated with conspecific males.
Pseudosympycnus araza sp. nov. is similar to P. latipes by having the white It 4–5, and to P. latipes and P. singularis due to It 2 with brush of compacted stout dorsal setae directed forward and It 3 overlapping the base of It 4 in males. Nevertheless, the new species is distinct in having one conspicuously long ventral seta on femur I and IIt 5 white.
Distribution. Peru (Department of Cusco) (Fig. 86).
description: Published as part of Soares, Matheus M. M. & Capellari, Renato S., 2020, Review of the Neotropical genus Pseudosympycnus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with description of six new species from Brazil and Peru, pp. 231-256 in Zootaxa 4881 (2) on pages 234-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4283617