cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Holocene insights for tackling Anthropocene environmental challenges in Malesia
Creators: name: Holmes, Rachael L.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Understanding long-term environmental change is essential for informed decision making in response to the threats posed by anthropogenically altered critical Earth Systems in the Anthropocene. This thesis focused on generating and synthesising novel datasets to contribute towards tackling two of these environmental challenges: introduction and establishment of alien plant species, and the degradation and loss of resilient ecosystems. Less research has been conducted on these phenomena in tropical regions, especially in Southeast Asia and Africa. Therefore, the geographic scope of this research is focussed on one of these areas and is best delimited by the phytogeographic region of Malesia which stretches from Peninsular Malaysia in the west, to New Guinea in the east. Analysis of distribution information at the level of island/island group for 31,580 native and naturalized (alien and established) plant species identified that 1,177 naturalized species have been introduced since prehistory, with many introduced due to European colonialism, and this has resulted in taxonomic homogenization (increase in similarity) of the flora. Most naturalized plant species in the region occur in anthropogenic, followed by open forest, habitat-types and the floras of Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands increased in similarity the most. For the second environmental challenge of focus for the thesis, multi-proxy palaeoecological data from three sediment cores in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, are presented as a case study for using palaeoenvironmental data to support mangrove management and conservation through the study of recovery and resilience. This revealed the rich biodiversity of mangrove ecosystems in North Sulawesi and their resilience over millennia to many forms of natural disturbance as well as phenomena to which they are more vulnerable. Assessing mangrove pollen abundance and composition indicated that the contemporary mangroves (at Mantehage and Likupang) are currently recovering and are on a trajectory towards their respective Holocene baselines. The results from both case studies enhance our understanding of key ecological processes (invasion and resilience), can be galvanised to support ecosystem management across scales (e.g., watchlist of naturalized taxa at risk of spread into a new island, guiding species selection for mangrove restoration), and directly support international commitments - especially the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Targets 2, 3, and 6.
Enhanced betatron radiation by steering a low-energy-spread electron beam in a deflected laser-driven plasma wiggler
Creators: name: Yu, Changhai
name: Liu, Jiansheng
name: Wang, Wentao
name: Li, Wentao
name: Qi, Rong
name: Zhang, Zhijun
name: Qin, Zhiyong
name: Liu, Jiaqi
name: Fang, Ming
name: Feng, Ke
name: Wu, Ying
name: Wang, Cheng
name: Xu, Yi
name: Leng, Yuxin
name: Xia, Changquan
name: Li, Ruxin
name: Xu, Zhizhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) hold great potential to produce high-quality high-energy electron beams (e beams) and simultaneously bright x-ray sources via betatron radiation, which are very promising for pump-probe study in ultrafast science. However, in order to obtain a high-quality e beam, electron injection and acceleration should be carefully manipulated, where a large oscillation amplitude has to be avoided and thus the emitted x-ray yield is limited. Here, we report a new scheme to experimentally enhance betatron radiation significantly both in photon yield and photon energy by separating electron injection and acceleration from manipulation of the e-beam transverse oscillation in the wake via introducing a slanted thin plasma refraction slab. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that the e-beam transverse oscillation amplitude can be increased by more than 10 folds, after being steered into the deflected laser-driven wakefield due to refraction at the slab's boundaries. Spectral broadening of the x-rays can be suppressed owing to the small variation in the peak energy of the low-energy-spread e beam in a plasma wiggler regime. We demonstrate that the high-quality e-beam generation, refracting and wiggling can act as a whole to realize the concurrence of monoenergetic e beam and bright x-rays in a compact LWFA.
Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Periodontal Disease Prevalence: A Comparative Observational Study
Creators: name: IJLBPR
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Diabetes Mellitus
Periodontitis
HbA1c
Periodontal Health

description: Background:Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth leadingto progressive alveolar bone loss. If left untreated it can result in tooth loss.Various studies have reported the incidence ofperiodontitis to be more in patients with diabetes mellitus as compared to their healthy counterparts. routine periodontalevaluations in patients with diabetes mellitus is important both oral health and glycemic control.Materials and methods:This was a comparative observational study of 120 individuals out of which 60 were having type 2 diabetes mellitus (casesgroup) and 60 healthy individuals (control group). Gender distribution and age was compared in both the groups. Meanrandom blood sugar levels and HBA1C levels were also compared. In both the groups the patients were divided into thosehaving healthy periodontal tissue, early periodontal disease, moderate periodontal disease and severe periodontal disease (asper Fernandez classification). Prevalence of periodontal disease in both the groups was compared. p value less than 0.05 wastaken as statistically significant.Results:Gender Distribution was found to be comparable in both the groups with nostatistically significant difference in gender distribution amongst both the groups. The mean age of cases in group D andgroup H was found to be 42.64 +/- 13.22 and 40.92 +/- 13.98 years respectively. The mean random blood sugar levels aswell as mean HbA1c levels were high in group D as compared to Group H and the difference was found to be statisticallyhighly significant (P<0.0001). The incidence of periodontal disease was more common in patients with diabetes mellitus ascompared to their healthy counterparts and the difference was found to be statistically highly significant(P=0.0001).Conclusion:Incidence of periodontitis is more in patients with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus as compared to thehealthy individuals, therefore routine periodontal evaluations in patients with diabetes mellitus is important for both oralhealth as well as glycemic contro
An Evaluation of the Loss-on-Ignition Method for Determining the Soil Organic Matter Content of Calcareous Soils
Creators: name: M.J.J. Hoogsteen
name: E.A. Lantinga
name: E.J. Bakker
name: P.A. Tittonell
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The Loss-on-Ignition (LOI) method is widely employed for measuring the organic matter (OM) content of soil samples. There is a risk of carbonate losses when calcareous soil samples are analyzed through LOI, but this has never been investigated in detail. Moreover, a worldwide standard protocol for determining the carbonate content of soils is not available. The aims of this study were (i) to evaluate two commonly employed carbonate analysis procedures using calcareous and non-calcareous soil samples: the gravimetric method with (GMF) and without (GM) the addition of the antioxidant iron(II) chloride (FeCl2) and the acetic acid dissolution procedure (AAD); (ii) to evaluate the effect of ignition temperature on losses of pure calcite, calcite-quartz and calcareous soil samples. We found that the average apparent carbonate content of the non-calcareous soils was greatest for the GMF method followed by the AAD procedure. The GM method showed the smallest apparent carbonate contents. For the calcite-quartz sand mixture, ignition losses started at 600°C and increased with temperature in a sigmoidal way. LOI values stabilized at 750°C when 80% of the carbon dioxide was released. We recommend the GM procedure for carbonate analysis because the apparent carbonate contents of the non-calcareous soil samples were smallest. Furthermore, we recommend an LOI temperature of 550°C because at this ignition temperature 99.8% of the total calcite fraction remains in the soil samples.
Supplementary document for Aluminum-based plasmonic metasurface for computational spectrometry with full coverage of visible light - 6680489.pdf
Creators: name: Fan, Qingbin
name: Xu, Weizhu
name: Lin, Peicheng
name: Sun, Yunfei
name: Yan, Feng
name: Hu, Xuemei
name: Yue, Tao
name: Xu, Ting
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplementary information
Should Moderate or Less Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation Be Repaired during Surgery for Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease?
Creators: name: Kirthi Ravichandren
name: Blackstone, Eugene H.
name: Jeevanantham Rajeswaran
name: Raza, Sajjad
name: Griffin, Brian
name: Suri, Rakesh M.
name: A. Marc Gillinov
name: Pettersson, Gösta B.
name: Mick, Stephanie L.
name: Navia, José L.
name: Sabik, Joseph F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: It is unclear whether moderate or less functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) should be repaired during surgery for degenerative mitral valve (MV) disease. We studied the natural course of unaddressed moderate or less TR and identified risk factors for TR progression after surgery for degenerative MV disease. Methods: From 2001 to 2011, 2,982 patients with isolated degenerative MV disease and no evidence of coronary artery disease underwent MV surgery. To generate an enriched sample of patients with TR, by random selection 200 patients without TR, 197 with mild TR, and 177 with moderate TR were studied. A total of 1,150 echocardiograms were available for longitudinal analysis of TR progression after surgery in 550 of these 574 patients. Results: Overall prevalence of severe TR was 1.1%, 2.2%, 3.6%, and 4.4% by 1, 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively. Patients with moderate preoperative TR were more likely to progress to severe TR by 7 years (8.6%) than those with mild TR (3.2%) or no TR (1.3%) preoperatively (p p = 0.03), shorter right ventricular base-to-apex length (p = 0.0004), smaller tethering area (p = 0.01), older age, and preoperative heart failure. During follow-up, no patient underwent TV intervention. Conclusion: Routine repair of moderate or less functional TR during surgery for degenerative MV disease does not appear to be warranted, because progression to severe TR is uncommon. Instead, we suggest a tailored approach, reserving TR repair during surgery for degenerative MV disease for patients with known risk factors.
Grosseteste's Law of Refraction
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: History of Science
Optics

description: Robert Grosseteste was one of the most prominent thinkers of the Thirteenth Century. In the framework of the Aristotelian physics and under the influence of a Neoplatonic outlook, Grosseteste wrote several scientific treatises, mainly concerning some problems of optics, acoustic and the causes of heat. Here we discuss the laws of reflection and refraction of light, as proposed in one of his treatises, the De Iride. In particular, we will consider his law of refraction.
Additional file 1 of Folic acid modified TPGS as a novel nano-micelle for delivery of nitidine chloride to improve apoptosis induction in Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Li, Danni
name: Liu, Shaogang
name: Zhu, Jiahao
name: Shen, Liqun
name: Zhang, Qi ying
name: Zhu, Hua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Renormalization of Wilson Operators in Minkowski space
Creators: name: Andraši, A.
name: Taylor, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make some comments on the renormalization of Wilson operators (not just vacuum -expectation values of Wilson operators), and the features which arise in Minkowski space. If the Wilson loop contains a straight light-like segment, charge renormalization does not work in a simple graph-by-graph way; but does work when certain graphs are added together. We also verify that, in a simple example of a smooth loop in Minkowski space, the existence of pairs of points which are light-like separated does not cause any extra divergences.
description: plain tex, 8 pages, 5 figures not included
Antibacterial and Insecticidal Activities of the Revived Azoanthrols
Creators: name: Hemat M. Dardeer
name: Elghareeb E. Elboray
name: Mohamed, Ghada S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Anthrone tautomerized predominantly, under the reaction conditions, into anthrol and involved in the azo coupling reaction with aryl diazonium chloride to give the corresponding azo dye. UV-Vis experiments have supported the tautomerization of anthrone and the presence of the azo dye products in the hydrazone form. Aryl amines with broad biological applications have been involved to increase the utility of the obtained products. Preliminary antibacterial activity resulted in compounds 7a,d which showed the lowest MIC values of 0.2 and 0.1 × 10−3 µg/mL against Enterococcus feacalis and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the insecticidal activity of the nominated compounds 7a,b against the adults of vine mealybug, Planococcusficus (Signoret), showed LC50 values of 152.22 and 216.12 mg/mL, respectively.
E-band excitations in the magnetic Keplerate molecule Fe30
Creators: name: Waldmann, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-temperature excitations in the magnetic Keplerate molecule Fe30 as calculated by linear spin-wave theory (SWT), modified linear SWT, and spin-level mean-field theory (SLMFT) are compared to the recent inelastic neutron scattering results by Garlea et al. [Phys. Rev. B 73, 024414 (2006)]. SLMFT reproduces a part of the experimental spectrum rather well, but not all of it. SWTs yield a fraction of the E-band excitations and hence are not capable of a complete description of the excitation spectrum.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, REVTEX4, to appear in PRB
Evaluation of the tribological properties of metal matrix composite materials (MMCs) obtained by additive manufacturing using selective laser melting (SLM)
Creators: name: Martinez, A
name: González-Estrada, Octavio Andrés
name: Martínez, Elkin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanical and tribological properties of steel matrix composites (316L stainless steel reinforced with Cr3C2 ceramic particles) were investigated. The steel matrix composites (SMC) with three reinforcing percentages (3, 6, and 9 wt.%) were manufactured by Additive Manufacturing technologies (SLM: Selective Laser Melting). The wear behaviour was studied by using a pin-on-disk wear test at room temperature. The worn surface was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the friction coefficient does not have a clear tendency or direct correlation with the reinforcement variation while the wear rate decreases with increasing content of reinforcement. The better properties combination were achieved with 6 wt.% of reinforcement.
description: in Spanish
Comparisons Between Modeling and Measured Performance of the BNL Linac
Creators: name: Raparia, D.
name: Alessi, J. G.
name: Kponou, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quite good agreement has been achieved between computer modeling and actual performance of the Brookhaven 200 MeV Linac. We will present comparisons between calculated and measured performance for the beam transport through the RFQ, the 6 meter transport from RFQ to the linac and meching and transport through the linac.
description: 3 pages
A Strategy for Identifying the Grid Stars for the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM)
Creators: name: Frink, Sabine
name: Quirrenbach, Andreas
name: Fischer, Debra
name: Roeser, Siegfried
name: Schilbach, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a strategy to identify several thousand stars that are astrometrically stable at the micro-arcsecond level for use in the SIM (Space Interferometry Mission) astrometric grid. The requirements on the grid stars make this a rather challenging task. Taking a variety of considerations into account we argue for K giants as the best type of stars for the grid, mainly because they can be located at much larger distances than any other type of star due to their intrinsic brightness. We show that it is possible to identify suitable candidate grid K giants from existing astrometric catalogs. However, double stars have to be eliminated from these candidate grid samples, since they generally produce much larger astrometric jitter than tolerable for the grid. The most efficient way to achieve this is probably by means of a radial velocity survey. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we repeatedly measured the radial velocities for a pre-selected sample of 86 nearby Hipparcos K giants with precisions of 5-8 m/s. The distribution of the intrinsic radial velocity variations for the bona-fide single K giants shows a maximum around 20 m/s, which is small enough not to severely affect the identification of stellar companions around other K giants. We use the results of our observations as input parameters for Monte-Carlo simulations on the possible design of a radial velocity survey of all grid stars. Our favored scenario would result in a grid which consists to 68% of true single stars and to 32% of double or multiple stars with periods mostly larger than 200 years, but only 3.6% of all grid stars would display astrometric jitter larger than 1 microarcsecond. This contamination level is probably tolerable.
description: LaTeX, 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted by PASP (February 2001 issue). Also available at http://beehive.ucsd.edu/ftp/pub/grid/kgiants.html
The Rise of Fully Autonomous Aircraft: How Programming, AI Training, and Human Expertise Shape the Future of Aviation
Creators: name: Oleg Aframchuk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The next major transformation in aviation is the move toward fully autonomous aircraft—airplanes that nolonger require onboard pilots or cabin crew. While automation in aviation is not new, recent breakthroughsin artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and sensor fusion technologies have opened the possibility forcomplete autonomy. This paper explores the technical evolution, safety protocols, and ethical frameworksrequired to realize a future without pilots. It emphasizes the critical role of intelligent programming, realisticsimulation training, and the input of experienced aviation professionals in developing reliable systems.Through a multi-layered training architecture, AI models can learn from real-life flight data, emergencysituations, and veteran pilot expertise. This paper offers a strategic roadmap and outlines key technologies,challenges, and opportunities on the path to truly autonomous aviation.
Massive and massless phases in self-dual $Z_N$ spin models: some exact results from the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz
Creators: name: Dorey, Patrick
name: Tateo, Roberto
name: Thompson, Kevin E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generally accepted phase diagrams for the discrete $Z_N$ spin models in two dimensions imply the existence of certain renormalisation group flows, both between conformal field theories and into a massive phase. Integral equations are proposed to describe these flows, and some properties of their solutions are discussed. The infrared behaviour in massless and massive directions is analysed in detail, and the techniques used are applied to a number of other models.
description: 64 pages, latex, 4 eps files, uses epsf.tex. References added and typos corrected; version to appear in Nuclear Physics B
Evidence of Strong-Coupled Superconductivity in CaC6 from Tunneling Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Kurter, C.
name: Ozyuzer, L.
name: Mazur, Daniel
name: Zasadzinski, J. F.
name: Rosenmann, D.
name: Claus, H.
name: Hinks, D. G.
name: Gray, K. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Point-contact tunneling on CaC$_6$ crystals reproducibly reveals superconducting gaps, $Δ$, of 2.3$\pm$0.2 meV which are $\sim$~40% larger than earlier reports. That puts CaC$_6$ into the class of very strong-coupled superconductors since 2$Δ$/kT$_c\sim$~4.6. Thus soft Ca phonons will be primarily involved in the superconductivity, a conclusion that explains the large Ca isotope effect found recently for CaC$_6$. Consistency among superconductor-insulator-normal metal (SIN), SIS and Andreev reflection (SN) junctions reinforces the intrinsic nature of this result.
description: 2nd version, 4 pages, 4 figures, re-submitted to Physical Review Letters
Angular separations of the lensed QSO images
Creators: name: Khare, Pushpa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed the observed image separations of the gravitationally lensed images of QSOs for a possible correlation with the source redshift. Contrary to the previously noted anti-correlation based on a smaller data set, no correlation is found for the currently available data. We have calculated the average image separations of the lensed QSOs as a function of source redshifts, for isothermal spheres with cores in a flat universe, taking into account the amplification bias caused by lensing. The shape of the distribution of average image separation as a function of redshift is very robust and is insensitive to most model parameters. Observations are found to be roughly consistent with the theoretical results for models which assume the lens distribution to be (i) Schechter luminosity function which, however, can not produce images with large separation and (ii) the mass condensations in a cold dark matter universe, as given by the Press-Schechter theory if an upper limit of 1-7$\times 10^{13}$ M$\odot$ is assumed on the mass of the condensations.
description: 20 pages, 7 postscript figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Field- and temperature-modulated spin-diode effect in a GMR nanowire with dipolar coupling
Creators: name: Ogrodnik, Piotr
name: Stobiecki, Tomasz
name: Barnaś, Józef
name: Frankowski, Marek
name: Chęciński, Jakub
name: Vetrò, Francesco Antonio
name: Ansermet, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical model of the spin-diode effect induced by resonant spin-transfer torque in a ferromagnetic bilayer with strong dipolar coupling provides the resonance frequencies and the lineshapes of the magnetic field spectra obtained under field or laser-light modulation. The effect of laser irradiation is accounted for by introducing the temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization and anisotropy, as well as thermal spin-transfer torques. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental data obtained with single Co/Cu/Co spin valves, embedded in nanowires and produced by electrodeposition. Temperature modulation provides excellent signal-to-noise ratio. High temperature-modulation frequency is possible because these nanostructures have a very small heat capacity and are only weakly heat-sunk. The two forms of modulation give rise to qualitative differences in the spectra that are accounted for by the model.
Isomorphisms between the Batalin-Vilkovisky antibracket and the Poisson bracket
Creators: name: Barnich, Glenn
name: Henneaux, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One may introduce at least three different Lie algebras in any Lagrangian field theory : (i) the Lie algebra of local BRST cohomology classes equipped with the odd Batalin-Vilkovisky antibracket, which has attracted considerable interest recently~; (ii) the Lie algebra of local conserved currents equipped with the Dickey bracket~; and (iii) the Lie algebra of conserved, integrated charges equipped with the Poisson bracket. We show in this paper that the subalgebra of (i) in ghost number $-1$ and the other two algebras are isomorphic for a field theory without gauge invariance. We also prove that, in the presence of a gauge freedom, (ii) is still isomorphic to the subalgebra of (i) in ghost number $-1$, while (iii) is isomorphic to the quotient of (ii) by the ideal of currents without charge. In ghost number different from $-1$, a more detailed analysis of the local BRST cohomology classes in the Hamiltonian formalism allows one to prove an isomorphism theorem between the antibracket and the extended Poisson bracket of Batalin, Fradkin and Vilkovisky.
description: 36 pages Latex file
Heisenberg model on a space with negative curvature: topological spin textures on the pseudosphere
Creators: name: Belo, L. R. A.
name: Oliveira-Neto, N. M.
name: Moura-Melo, W. A.
name: Pereira, A. R.
name: Ercolessi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heisenberg-like spins lying on the pseudosphere (a 2-dimensional infinite space with constant negative curvature) cannot give rise to stable soliton solutions. Only fractional solutions can be stabilized on this surface provided that at least a hole is incorporated. We also address the issue of `in-plane' vortices, in the XY regime. Interestingly, the energy of a single vortex no longer blows up as the excitation spreads to infinity. This yields a non-confining potential between a vortex and a antivortex at large distances so that the pair may dissociate at arbitrarily low temperature.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett. A
Slowly progressive retinitis pigmentosa caused by two novel mutations in the MAK gene
Creators: name: Gray, Joanna Monika
name: Orlans, Harry Otway
name: Shanks, Morag
name: Clouston, Penny
name: MacLaren, Robert Elvis
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: The growing number of clinical trials currently underway for inherited retinal diseases has highlighted the importance of achieving a molecular diagnosis for all new cases presenting to hospital eye services. The male germ cell-associated kinase (MAK) gene encodes a cilium-associated protein selectively expressed in the retina and testis, and has recently been implicated in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Whole exome sequencing has previously identified a homozygous Alu insertion in probands with recessive RP and nonsense and missense mutations have also been reported. Materials and methods: Here we describe two novel mutations in different alleles of the MAK gene in a 75-year-old British female, who had a clinical diagnosis of RP () with onset in the fourth decade and no relevant family history. The mutations were established through next generation sequencing of a panel of 111 genes associated with RP and RP-like phenotypes. Results: Two novel null mutations were identified within the MAK gene. The first c.1195_1196delAC p.(Thr399fs), was a two base-pair deletion creating a frame-shift in exon 9 predicted to result in nonsense-mediated decay. The second, c.279-2A>G, involved the splice acceptor consensus site upstream of exon 4, predicted to lead to aberrant splicing. Conclusions: The natural history of this individual’s RP is consistent with previously described MAK mutations, being significantly milder than that associated with other photoreceptor ciliopathies. We suggest inclusion of MAK as part of wider genetic testing in all individuals presenting with RP.
Negative-Energy Perturbations in Circularly Cylindrical Equilibria within the Framework of Maxwell-Drift Kinetic Theory
Creators: name: Throumoulopoulos, G. N.
name: Pfirsch, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conditions for the existence of negative-energy perturbations (which could be nonlinearly unstable and cause anomalous transport) are investigated in the framework of linearized collisionless Maxwell-drift kinetic theory for the case of equilibria of magnetically confined, circularly cylindrical plasmas and vanishing initial field perturbations. For wave vectors with a non-vanishing component parallel to the magnetic field, the plane equilibrium conditions (derived by Throumoulopoulos and Pfirsch [Phys Rev. E {\bf 49}, 3290 (1994)]) are shown to remain valid, while the condition for perpendicular perturbations (which are found to be the most important modes) is modified. Consequently, besides the tokamak equilibrium regime in which the existence of negative-energy perturbations is related to the threshold value of 2/3 of the quantity $η_ν= \frac {\partial \ln T_ν} {\partial \ln N_ν}$, a new regime appears, not present in plane equilibria, in which negative-energy perturbations exist for {\em any} value of $η_ν$. For various analytic cold-ion tokamak equilibria a substantial fraction of thermal electrons are associated with negative-energy perturbations (active particles). In particular, for linearly stable equilibria of a paramagnetic plasma with flat electron temperature profile ($η_e=0$), the entire velocity space is occupied by active electrons. The part of the velocity space occupied by active particles increases from the center to the plasma edge and is larger in a paramagnetic plasma than in a diamagnetic plasma with the same pressure profile. It is also shown that, unlike in plane equilibria, negative-energy perturbations exist in force-free reversed-field pinch equilibria with a substantial fraction of active particles.
description: 31 pages, latex
On the nature of the microquasar V4641 Sagittarii
Creators: name: Chaty, S.
name: Mirabel, I. F.
name: Marti, J.
name: Rodriguez, L. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present photometric and spectroscopic optical and near-infrared (NIR) observations taken during the outburst on September 1999 of the source V4641 Sgr = SAX J1819.3-2525 (in'tzand et al., 2000) = XTE J1819-254 (Markwardt et al., 1999). We show that our observations suggest a distance between 4 and 8 kpc, the spectral type of the companion star being constrained between B3 and A2 V, making the system a High Mass X-ray Binary System (HMXB). In view of the radio and optical/NIR observations, it is possible that the ejecta of the source interacted with the surrounding medium of the source.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in `Proceedings of the Third Microquasar Workshop: Granada Workshop on galactic relativistic jet sources', Eds A. J.Castro-Tirado, J. Greiner and J. M. Paredes, Astrophysics and Space Science, in press
A (1,2) Heterotic String with Gauge Symmetry
Creators: name: Pierce, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a (1,2) heterotic string with gauge symmetry and determine its particle spectrum. This theory has a local N=1 worldsheet supersymmetry for left movers and a local N=2 worldsheet supersymmetry for right movers and describes particles in either two or three space-time dimensions. We show that fermionizing the bosons of the compactified N=1 space leads to a particle spectrum which has nonabelian gauge symmetry. The fermionic formulation of the theory corresponds to a dimensional reduction of self dual Yang Mills. We also give a worldsheet action for the theory and calculate the one-loop path integral.
description: 17 pages, added references
Personalized Age Progression with Bi-level Aging Dictionary Learning
Creators: name: Shu, Xiangbo
name: Tang, Jinhui
name: Li, Zechao
name: Lai, Hanjiang
name: Zhang, Liyan
name: Yan, Shuicheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Age progression is defined as aesthetically re-rendering the aging face at any future age for an individual face. In this work, we aim to automatically render aging faces in a personalized way. Basically, for each age group, we learn an aging dictionary to reveal its aging characteristics (e.g., wrinkles), where the dictionary bases corresponding to the same index yet from two neighboring aging dictionaries form a particular aging pattern cross these two age groups, and a linear combination of all these patterns expresses a particular personalized aging process. Moreover, two factors are taken into consideration in the dictionary learning process. First, beyond the aging dictionaries, each person may have extra personalized facial characteristics, e.g. mole, which are invariant in the aging process. Second, it is challenging or even impossible to collect faces of all age groups for a particular person, yet much easier and more practical to get face pairs from neighboring age groups. To this end, we propose a novel Bi-level Dictionary Learning based Personalized Age Progression (BDL-PAP) method. Here, bi-level dictionary learning is formulated to learn the aging dictionaries based on face pairs from neighboring age groups. Extensive experiments well demonstrate the advantages of the proposed BDL-PAP over other state-of-the-arts in term of personalized age progression, as well as the performance gain for cross-age face verification by synthesizing aging faces.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Theory of a resonant level coupled to several conduction electron channels in equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium
Creators: name: Borda, Laszlo
name: Vladar, Karoly
name: Zawadowski, Alfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spinless resonant level model is studied when it is coupled by hopping to one of the arbitrary number of conduction electron channels. The Coulomb interaction acts between the electron on the impurity and in the different channels. In case of repulsive or attractive interaction the conduction electrons are pushed away or attracted to ease or hinder the hopping by creating unoccupied or occupied states, respectively. In the screening of the hopping orthogonality catastrophe plays an important role. In equilibrium the weak and strong coupling limit the renormalizations are treated by perturbative, numerical and Anderson-Yuval Coulomb gas methods. In case of two leads the current due to applied voltage is treated in the weak coupling limit. The presented detailed study should help to test other methods suggested for non-equilibrium transport.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, published version
XMM - Newton observations of Markarian 421
Creators: name: Brinkmann, W.
name: Sembay, S.
name: Griffiths, R. G.
name: Branduardi-Raymont, G.
name: Gliozzi, M.
name: Boller, Th.
name: Tiengo, A.
name: Molendi, S.
name: Zane, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BL Lac object Mrk 421 was observed on May 25, 2000 during the XMM - Newton CAL/PV phase. The high throughput of the X-ray telescopes and the spectral capabilities of the instruments allow an uninterrupted temporal and spectral study of the source with unprecedented time resolution. Mrk 421 was found at a relatively high state with a 2-6 keV flux of (1.3 - 1.9)E-10 erg cm**-2 s **-1. The observed intensity variations by more than a factor of three at highest X-ray energies are accompanied by complex spectral variations with only a small time lag (tau = 265 {+116} {-102} seconds) between the hard and soft photons. The (0.2-10) keV spectrum can be well fitted by a broken power law and no absorption structures are found in the source spectrum at the high spectral resolution of the transmission gratings.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in A&A special issue on first results from XMM
Dynamical mapping method in nonrelativistic models of quantum field theory
Creators: name: Vall, A. N.
name: Korenblit, S. E.
name: Leviant, V. M.
name: Tanaev, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solutions of Heisenberg equations and two-particles eigenvalue problems for nonrelativistic models of current-current fermion interaction and $N, Θ$ model are obtained in the frameworks of dynamical mapping method. The equivalence of different types of dynamical mapping is shown. The connection between renormalization procedure and theory of selfadjoint extensions is elucidated.
description: 14 pages
The Gravitational Wave Stress-Energy (pseudo)-Tensor in Modified Gravity
Creators: name: Saffer, Alexander
name: Yunes, Nicolas
name: Yagi, Kent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent detections of gravitational waves by the advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors open up new tests of modified gravity theories in the strong-field and dynamical, extreme gravity regime. Such tests rely sensitively on the phase evolution of the gravitational waves, which is controlled by the energy-momentum carried by such waves out of the system. We here study four different methods for finding the gravitational wave stress-energy pseudo-tensor in gravity theories with any combination of scalar, vector, or tensor degrees of freedom. These methods rely on the second variation of the action under short-wavelength averaging, the second perturbation of the field equations in the short-wavelength approximation, the construction of an energy complex leading to a Landau-Lifshitz tensor, and the use of Noether's theorem in field theories about a flat background. We apply these methods in General Relativity, scalar-tensor theories and Einstein-Æther theory to find the gravitational wave stress-energy pseudo-tensor and calculate the rate at which energy and linear momentum is carried away from the system. The stress-energy tensor and the rate of linear momentum loss in Einstein-Æther theory are presented here for the first time. We find that all methods yield the same rate of energy loss, although the stress-energy pseudo-tensor can be functionally different. We also find that the Noether method yields a stress-energy tensor that is not symmetric or gauge-invariant, and symmetrization via the Belinfante procedure does not fix these problems because this procedure relies on Lorentz invariance, which is spontaneously broken in Einstein-Æther theory. The methods and results found here will be useful for the calculation of predictions in modified gravity theories that can then be contrasted with observations.
description: 18 pages, no figures, submitted to Class. and Quant. Gravity
CP Violation at the Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Chao, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we explore the spontaneous CP violation at the finite temperature. We show that the CP-violating phase $φ$ may only emerge around the time of the electroweak phase transition, and it can provide a scource for generating the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe via the electroweak baryogenesis mechanism (EWBG) if the domain wall relating to $\pm φ$ vacuums is collapsed by a small explicit $Z_2$-breaking term. No extra CP violation is needed! The spontaneous CP is restored after the electroweak phase transition, such that there is no constraint from the electric dipole moment (EDM) measurements. This scenario resolves the tension between the non-observation of EDMs in precision measurement experiments and the requirement of a large CP violation by the EWBG.
description: 5 pages, two columns, 2 figures
Urbanization between compactness and dispersion: designing a spatial model for measuring 2D binary settlement landscape configurations
Creators: name: Taubenböck, Hannes
name: Wurm, Michael
name: Geiß, Christian
name: Dech, Stefan
name: Siedentop, Stefan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: Measuring spatial patterns is a crucial task in spatial sciences. Multiple indicators have been developed to measure patterns in a quantitative manner. However, most comparative studies rely on relative comparisons, limiting their explanatory power to specific case studies. Motivated by advancements in earth observation providing unprecedented resolutions of settlement patterns, this paper suggests a measurement technique for spatial patterns to overcome the limits of relative comparisons. We design a model spanning a feature space based on two metrics – largest patch index and number of patches. The feature space is defined as ‘dispersion index’ and covers the entire spectrum of possible two-dimensional binary (settlement) patterns. The model configuration allows for an unambiguous ranking of each possible pattern with respect to spatial dispersion. As spatial resolutions of input data as well as selected areas of interest influence measurement results, we test dependencies within the model. Beyond, common other spatial metrics are selected for testing whether they allow unambiguous rankings. For scenarios, we apply the model to artificially generated patterns representing all possible configurations as well as to real-world settlement classifications differing in growth dynamics and patterns.
NGC 6752 AGB Stars Revisited: I. Improved AGB temperatures remove apparent overionisation of Fe I
Creators: name: Campbell, S. W.
name: MacLean, B. T.
name: D'Orazi, V.
name: Casagrande, L.
name: de Silva, G. M.
name: Yong, D.
name: Cottrell, P. L.
name: Lattanzio, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent study reported a strong apparent depression of Fe I, relative to Fe II, in the AGB stars of NGC 6752. This depression is much greater than that expected from the neglect of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects, in particular the dominant effect of overionisation. Here we attempt to reproduce the apparent Fe discrepancy, and investigate differences in reported sodium abundances. We compare in detail the methods and results of the recent study with those of an earlier study of NGC 6752 AGB stars. Iron and sodium abundances are derived using Fe I, Fe II, and Na I lines. Various uncertainties are explored. We reproduce the large Fe I depression found by the recent study, using different observational data and computational tools. Further investigation shows that the degree of the apparent Fe I depression is strongly dependent on the adopted stellar effective temperature. To minimise uncertainties in Fe I we derive temperatures for each star individually using the infrared flux method (IRFM). We find that the $T_{\rm{eff}}$ scales used by both the previous studies are cooler, by up to 100 K; such underestimated temperatures amplify the apparent Fe I depression. Our IRFM temperatures result in negligible apparent depression, consistent with theory. We also re-derived sodium abundances and, remarkably, found them to be unaffected by the new temperature scale. [Na/H] in the AGB stars is consistent between all studies. Since Fe is constant, it follows that [Na/Fe] is also consistent between studies, apart from any systematic offsets in Fe. We recommend the use of $(V-K)$ relations for AGB stars. We plan to investigate the effect of the improved temperature scale on other elements, and re-evaluate the subpopulation distributions on the AGB, in the next paper of this series. [abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Spectral Density of Sparse Sample Covariance Matrices
Creators: name: Nagao, Taro
name: Tanaka, Toshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying the replica method of statistical mechanics, we evaluate the eigenvalue density of the large random matrix (sample covariance matrix) of the form $J = A^{\rm T} A$, where $A$ is an $M \times N$ real sparse random matrix. The difference from a dense random matrix is the most significant in the tail region of the spectrum. We compare the results of several approximation schemes, focusing on the behavior in the tail region.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures, minor corrections made