cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Pantothenic Acid Status of Adolescents
Creators: name: Eissenstat, Brenda Ringer
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: Information on human needs for pantothenic acid is limited and no recommended daily allowance has been established; although a safe and adequate level of 4-7 mg/day has been suggested for adults and adolescents. The adolescent population is often at risk for nutritional problems because of unusual eating patterns and major physiological changes which occur at this time. Pantothenic acid levels in urine, whole-blood and erythrocytes were determined in a healthy adolescent population using radioimmunoassay techniques. Dietary intakes were calculated from 4 day diet records and evaluated using a computer data base developed at Utah State University in conjunction with USDA.
Forty-nine percent of the females and 15 percent of the males consumed less than 4 mg/day; however average blood levels for both males and females were in a 11normal11 range relative to other populations {411.9 ± 102.8 ng/ml and 344.5 ± 113.6 ng/ml, respectively). Dietary intake was highly correlated to urinary excretion (p < 0.001). Levels of pantothenic acid in erythrocytes correlated well to dietary intake and urinary excretion. A model was developed to predict circulating levels of pantothenic acid from dietary intake and urinary excretion.
A conserved cell growth cycle can account for the environmental stress responses of divergent eukaryotes
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Cell Cycle
Cells, Cultured
Cluster Analysis
Environment
Epithelial Cells
Fibroblasts
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation
Heat-Shock Response
Humans
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Multigene Family
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Oxygen Consumption
Primary Cell Culture
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

description: The respiratory metabolic cycle in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) consists of two phases that are most simply defined phenomenologically: low oxygen consumption (LOC) and high oxygen consumption (HOC). Each phase is associated with the periodic expression of thousands of genes, producing oscillating patterns of gene expression found in synchronized cultures and in single cells of slowly growing unsynchronized cultures. Systematic variation in the durations of the HOC and LOC phases can account quantitatively for well-studied transcriptional responses to growth rate differences. Here we show that a similar mechanism - transitions from the HOC phase to the LOC phase - can account for much of the common environmental stress response (ESR) and for the cross-protection by a preliminary heat stress (or slow growth rate) to subsequent lethal heat stress. Similar to the budding yeast metabolic cycle, we suggest that a metabolic cycle, coupled in a similar way to the ESR, in the distantly related fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and in humans can explain gene expression and respiratory patterns observed in these eukaryotes. Although metabolic cycling is associated with the G0/G1 phase of the cell division cycle of slowly growing budding yeast, transcriptional cycling was detected in the G2 phase of the division cycle in fission yeast, consistent with the idea that respiratory metabolic cycling occurs during the phases of the cell division cycle associated with mass accumulation in these divergent eukaryotes. © 2012 Slavov et al.
Dynamical systems analysis of a two-level trophic food web in the southern oceans
Creators: name: Hadley, SA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A theoretical model developed by Stone describing a two level trophic system in the Ocean is analysed, for the case in which there is unlimited supply of nutrients. It is shown that spontaneous oscillations in population numbers are possible, but they do not arise from a Hopf bifurcation. Seasonal forcing of the model is also investigated, and it is shown that resonances can occur, in addition to highly nonlinear behaviour including high period oscillations, quasi-periodicity and chaos. The model is then extended to include the case in which nutrient concentrations are allowed to vary. In this model seasonal forcing is not considered. Nevertheless a Hopf bifurcation is found for a critical value of the bifurcation parameter which is chosen as the non-dimensional reproductive rate of bacteria. The Hopf bifurcation gives rise to oscillatory solutions appearing as limit cycles. The stability of the limit cycles found is determined using Floquet theory, where it is observed that the periodic solutions arise from the Hopf bifurcation as stable orbits. As the bifurcation parameter is varied the branch of oscillatory solutions loses stability. This is due to a fold bifurcation, giving rise to regions in the parameter space where two different oscillatory solutions are possible for the same parameter values.
The Ediacaran Period: A New Addition to the Geologic Time Scale
Creators: name: Knoll, Andrew H.
name: Walter, Malcolm R.
name: Narbonne, Guy M.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: History

description: The International Union of Geological Sciences has approved a new addition to the geologic time scale: the Ediacaran Period. The Ediacaran is the first Proterozoic period to be recognized on the basis of chronostratigraphic criteria and the first internationally ratified, chronostratigraphically defined period of any age to be introduced in more than a century. In accordance with procedures established by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, the base of the Ediacaran Period is defined by a Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) placed at the base of the Nuccaleena Formation cap carbonate directly above glacial diamictites and associated facies at Enorama Creek in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia. Its top is defined by the initial GSSP of the Cambrian Period. The new Ediacaran Period encompasses a distinctive interval of Earth history that is bounded both above and below by equally distinctive intervals. Both chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data indicate that the subdivision of the period into two or more series is feasible, and this should be a primary objective of continuing work by the Ediacaran Subcommission of the ICS.
Quantum Boltzman equation study for the Kondo breakdown quantum critical point
Creators: name: Kim, K. -S.
name: Pepin, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the quantum Boltzman equation approach for the Kondo breakdown quantum critical point, involved with two bands for conduction electrons and localized fermions. Particularly, the role of vertex corrections in transport is addressed, crucial for non-Fermi liquid transport of temperature linear dependence. Only one band of spinons may be considered for scattering with gauge fluctuations, and their associated vertex corrections are introduced in the usual way, where divergence of self-energy corrections is cancelled by that of vertex corrections, giving rise to the physically meaningful result in the gauge invariant expression for conductivity. On the other hand, two bands should be taken into account for scattering with hybridization excitations, giving rise to coupled quantum Boltzman equations. We find that vertex corrections associated with hybridization fluctuations turn out to be irrelevant due to heavy mass of spinons in the so called decoupling limit, consistent with the diagrammatic approach showing the non-Fermi liquid transport.
A cyclic nucleotide-gated channel mutation associated with canine daylight blindness provides insight into a role for the S2 segment Tri-Asp motif in channel biogenesis
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Amino Acid Motifs
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Base Sequence
Cloning, Molecular
Computational Biology
Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels
DNA Primers
Dog Diseases
Dogs
Fluorescence
Immunohistochemistry
Models, Genetic
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutation, Missense
Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells
Retinal Degeneration
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sequence Homology

description: Cone cyclic nucleotide-gated channels are tetramers formed by CNGA3 and CNGB3 subunits; CNGA3 subunits function as homotetrameric channels but CNGB3 exhibits channel function only when co-expressed with CNGA3. An aspartatic acid (Asp) to asparagine (Asn) missense mutation at position 262 in the canine CNGB3 (D262N) subunit results in loss of cone function (daylight blindness), suggesting an important role for this aspartic acid residue in channel biogenesis and/or function. Asp 262 is located in a conserved region of the second transmembrane segment containing three Asp residues designated the Tri-Asp motif. This motif is conserved in all CNG channels. Here we examine mutations in canine CNGA3 homomeric channels using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. Mutations of these conserved Asp residues result in the absence of nucleotide-activated currents in heterologous expression. A fluorescent tag on CNGA3 shows mislocalization of mutant channels. Co-expressing CNGB3 Tri-Asp mutants with wild type CNGA3 results in some functional channels, however, their electrophysiological characterization matches the properties of homomeric CNGA3 channels. This failure to record heteromeric currents suggests that Asp/Asn mutations affect heteromeric subunit assembly. A homology model of S1-S6 of the CNGA3 channel was generated and relaxed in a membrane using molecular dynamics simulations. The model predicts that the Tri-Asp motif is involved in non-specific salt bridge pairings with positive residues of S3/S4. We propose that the D262N mutation in dogs with CNGB3-day blindness results in the loss of these inter-helical interactions altering the electrostatic equilibrium within in the S1-S4 bundle. Because residues analogous to Tri-Asp in the voltage-gated Shaker potassium channel family were implicated in monomer folding, we hypothesize that destabilizing these electrostatic interactions impairs the monomer folding state in D262N mutant CNG channels during biogenesis. © 2014 Tanaka et al.
The spatial behaviour of Alberta's electricity industry, 1888-1965 : the impact of economies of scale
Creators: name: Mullins, Gary Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study describes the spatial evolution of the electricity industry in Alberta over the period 1885-1965 in terms of production facilities, transportation linkages and market nodes and seeks to identify the forces which brought about the observed patterns. Three distinct patterns of spatial organization are identified: (l) a dispersed pattern of isolated generating stations serving proximate consumers through distribution lines only, (2) a pattern of a large generating station or generating complex serving numerous communities through an incomplete network of transmission lines, and (3) a pattern of numerous generating stations serving a regional or provincial market through an electricity grid. The major characteristics which differentiated one spatial pattern from another, and which initiated these changes in spatial organization, is shown to be the increasing use of large and/or special purpose generating units and the linking of these facilities to markets by transmission lines. It is argued that the significantly reduced unit costs of large generating facilities was the primary force bringing about the evolution of the industry from one spatial pattern to another and that transmission facilities are the spatial linkages which permit the expansion of an electricity system by the inclusion of additional market nodes. As these represent additional costs, they also establish limits to the areal expansion of an electricity system at each stage of development.
Testing the Extensional Detachment Paradigm: A Borehole Observatory in the Sevier Desert Basin
Creators: name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Anders, Mark H.
name: Manatschal, Gianreto
name: Wernicke, Brian P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics
subject: Plate tectonics

description: Low-angle normal faults or detachments are widely regarded as playing an important role in crustal extension and the development of rifted continental margins (Manatschal et al., 2007). However, no consensus exists on how to resolve the mechanical paradox implied by the gentle dips of these faults and by the general absence of evidence for associated seismicity (Sibson, 1985; Wernicke, 1995; Axen, 2004). As part of a new initiative to rationalize geological and geophysical evidence and our theoretical understanding of how rocks deform, a group of forty-seven scientists and drilling experts from five countries met for four days on 15–18 July 2008 to discuss the present status of the paradox and a borehole-based strategy for resolving it. The workshop was held at two venues in Utah (the Utah Department of Natural Resources in Salt Lake City, and Solitude Mountain Resort in the adjacent Wasatch Range), with a one-day field trip to the Sevier Desert basin of west-central Utah to examine the general setting of potential drill sites and the footwall geology of the Sevier Desert detachment (Canyon Range).
On qualitative aspects of the choice of factorization schemes at NLO
Creators: name: Kolar, Karel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the choice of a factorization scheme is as important as the choice of a factorization scale, the dependence of theoretical predictions (at finite order) on the choice of a factorization scheme has been little investigated. This is due to the fact that the freedom in the choice of a factorization scheme is enormous, even at NLO. One of the reason why to study factorization schemes is the possible exploitation of the freedom in their choice in the construction of NLO Monte Carlo event generators with NLO initial state parton showers. However, the ZERO factorization scheme, which should be optimal for such Monte Carlo event generators, has turned out to be practically inapplicable although it appears at first sight as reasonable. A detailed analysis has then shown that if some given NLO splitting functions do not satisfy a certain nontrivial condition, then the corresponding factorization scheme has some restrictions on its practical applicability. Relevant technical details of the discussed issues are the content of this short contribution.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, contribution to the 2009 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, July 2009 Krakow, Poland
A first look at ARFome: Dual-coding genes in mammalian genomes
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Animals
Base Sequence
Chromosome Mapping
Computer Simulation
Humans
Mammals
Models, Genetic
Molecular Sequence Data
Multigene Family
Open Reading Frames
RNA Splice Sites
Sequence Analysis, DNA

description: Coding of multiple proteins by overlapping reading frames is not a feature one would associate with eukaryotic genes. Indeed, codependency between codons of overlapping protein-coding regions imposes a unique set of evolutionary constraints, making it a costly arrangement. Yet in cases of tightly coexpressed interacting proteins, dual coding may be advantageous. Here we show that although dual coding is nearly impossible by chance, a number of human transcripts contain overlapping coding regions. Using newly developed statistical techniques, we identified 40 candidate genes with evolutionarily conserved overlapping coding regions. Because our approach is conservative, we expect mammals to possess more dual-coding genes. Our results emphasize that the skepticism surrounding eukaryotic dual coding is unwarranted: rather than being artifacts, overlapping reading frames are often hallmarks of fascinating biology. © 2007 Chung et al.
title: A Study of the Action of Bovine Cathepsin D on Intramuscular Connective Tissue
Creators: name: Maeda, Elimosaria Elikalia
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1983

description: Cathepsin D has been postulated to play a role in the tenderization of meat with ageing. Meat toughness has been related to connective tissue content and degree of myofibrillar shortening. This investigation was undertaken to determine the activity of cathepsin Don bovine intramuscular connective tissue.
Highly purified cathepsin D preparations from bovine spleen and bovine sternomandibularis muscle were obtained by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by affinity chromatography on pepstatin coupled to controlled pore size alkyl amine glass beads . Maximum proteolytic activity using hemoglobin as substrate was obtained at pH 3.5 and 3.8 for bovine spleen and muscle cathepsin D, respectively. The banding pattern of bovine spleen cathepsin D on SDS-polyacrylamide gels was identical to that of a commercial preparation. Both cathepsin D preparations had 2 major proteins with molecular weights of about 45,000 and 35,000 daltons. Bovine muscle cathepsin D preparations had 4 polypeptide bands corresponding to molecular weights of 57,000, 45,000, 41,000, and 20,000 on SOS gels . The 45,000 and 41,000 dalton components of muscle cathepsin D were shown to undergo degradation to release peptides of about 20,000 daltons during refrigerated storage of the 40-70 % ammonium sulfate fraction.
Cathepsin D from neither of the tissues had proteolytic action towards intramuscular connective tissue isolated from bovine shank muscle over the pH range 3. 0- 4.5 following incubation for 24 hat 37 C. However, a commercial preparation of pineapple stem bromelain was found to degrade connective . tissue , resulting in a release of 44,000 and 64,000 dalton peptides. Degradation was maximum at pH 3.0 and the rate of degradation decreased with pH increase. The failure of a highly purified cathepsin D preparation to degrade connective tissue is a clear indication that the meat tenderizing effect of cathepsin D during meat ageing is not due to its proteolytic action on intramuscular collagen, but due to its reported proteolytic action towards myofibrillar proteins.
Massive Dirac particles on the background of charged de-Sitter black hole manifolds
Creators: name: Belgiorno, F.
name: Cacciatori, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the behavior of massive Dirac fields on the background of a charged de-Sitter black hole. All black hole geometries are taken into account, including the Reissner-Nordström-de-Sitter one, the Nariai case and the ultracold case. Our focus is at first on the existence of bound quantum mechanical states for the Dirac Hamiltonian on the given backgrounds. In this respect, we show that in all cases no bound state is allowed, which amounts also to the non-existence of normalizable time-periodic solutions of the Dirac equation. This quantum result is in contrast to classical physics, and it is shown to hold true even for extremal cases. Furthermore, we shift our attention on the very interesting problem of the quantum discharge of the black holes. Following Damour-Deruelle-Ruffini approach, we show that the existence of level-crossing between positive and negative continuous energy states is a signal of the quantum instability leading to the discharge of the black hole, and in the cases of the Nariai geometry and of the ultracold geometries we also calculate in WKB approximation the transmission coefficient related to the discharge process.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures. Macro package: Revtex4. Changes concern mainly the introduction and the final discussion in section VI; moreover, Appendix D on the evaluation of the Nariai transmission integral has been added. References added
A 10Be production-rate calibration for the Arctic
Creators: name: Young, Nicolás E.
name: Schaefer, Joerg M.
name: Briner, Jason P.
name: Goehring, Brent M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Atmosphere

description: We present a Baffin Bay 10Be production-rate calibration derived from glacial deposits in western Greenland and Baffin Island, and test our results against published 10Be calibration datasets to develop an Arctic 10Be production rate. Our calibration comprises: (i) 10Be measurements from moraine boulders linked to a 14C-dated moraine at Jakobshavn Isfjord in western Greenland, (ii) an independent and previously published 10Be production rate at Jakobshavn Isfjord and (iii) re-measured 10Be concentrations from a Baffin Island calibration site that is included in the north-eastern North America dataset. Combined, we calculate a sea-level/high-latitude 10Be production rate for the Baffin Bay region of 3.96 ± 0.07 atoms g−1 a−1 (Lal/Stone scaling model). After testing the Baffin Bay rate against calibration sites in Norway and north-eastern North America, we calculate a more conservative Arctic production rate of 3.96 ± 0.15 atoms g−1 a−1. The Baffin Bay and Arctic 10Be production rates are indistinguishable from the north-eastern North America 10Be production rate (3.91 ± 0.19 atoms g−1 a−1) and yield overall uncertainties of <2–3.7% (1 σ). These production rates reduce systematic uncertainties in 10Be-based chronologies of ice-margin change and allow 10Be-based chronologies to be more confidently compared with high-resolution climate records, such as those from Greenland ice cores.
title: Development, Implementation and Evaluation of an Education Course for the Utah State University Coordinated Undergraduate Medical Dietetics Program
Creators: name: Obermiller, Cynthia Olson
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1983

description: The entry-level clinical dietitian must possess competencies in the area of communications and in the process of education. Training and practice in these areas, as related to the profession of dietetics, must be provided during the professional phase of the dietetic student's training. The purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a course for the Coordinated Undergraduate Medical Dietetics Program at Utah State University. This course, entitled Education in Clinical Dietetics, was added to the junior year fall quarter curriculum. The ten-week course combined didactic and lab experiences to provide the students with a thorough background in communicating and educating. The course content was primarily derived from the expansion of topics that were previously taught in other CUP courses.
Data from a Needs Assessment Survey of former USU CUP graduates revealed a need for additional training in all aspects of the process of educating at all levels. Specific areas identified as being in need of further emphasis included planning, developing and evaluating educational materials and programs.
The new course was evaluated at the end of the student's junior year in the USU CUP. Specific recommendations for course revision were made to the USU CUP director and faculty. The recommendations regarding future modification of this component in the USU CUP were based .on the past graduates' needs assessment evaluations, the current students' evaluations and faculty evaluation of the students' performance as a result of the additional course.
It was concluded that the inclusion of the new education course into the CUP curriculum combined with added emphasis on the education component throughout the USU CUP could result in the goal of the research to enhance this component and better meet the current needs of dietetic practitioners in the areas under study.
Jakarta Flanerie : selected writings of Seno Gumira Ajidarma
Creators: name: Fuller, ACS
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The intersection of urban life and literature is the starting point for this thesis on the writings of Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Seno has been writing since the early 1980s and is widely recognised as being one of the key figures of contemporary Indonesian literature. Throughout this thesis, Seno's works are used as the source material for an analysis of a writer's imagining of urban life in contemporary Indonesian literature. As such, this research seeks to contribute to discourses on Indonesian urban societies, Indonesian social and political cultures and contemporary Indonesian thought. I link Seno's work and studies of Indonesian urban trends with those occurring in other parts of the world. By drawing on historical, anthropological, literary and postcolonial studies of urban spaces and societies, this thesis shows the key ways in which urban spaces - particularly those of Jakarta - are imagined in the writings of Seno Gumira Ajidarma. I argue that Seno's writing allows a reading of urban spaces and societies that draw on ideas regarding Indonesian cities found in writings both from within and outside of Indonesia. This thesis uses theories developed on the idea of 'the flaneur' and the practice of flanerie in contemporary urban societies. These theories are used to analyse the ways in which Seno Gumira Ajidarma writes of and about contemporary urban conditions in Indonesia in general and Jakarta in particular. I locate four primary areas where the concept of 'the flaneur' is present in the writings of Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Firstly, Seno imagines the flaneur as a figure who engages in urban life in both an ambivalent and a critical manner. Secondly, he engages in flanerie as a consumer of jazz in late night jazz clubs and as a reader of news reports detailing stories of state violence far from urban Jakarta. Thirdly, he is a flaneur who negotiates the meanings of the urban soundscape. And, finally, the flaneur is a part of the urban landscape in a time of crisis who interprets the scenes before him through taking photographs and using a taxi to pass through city streets. The thesis shows that Seno's writings are both a continuation of an earlier tradition of flanerie and that he engages with contemporary theories and ideas concerning urban societies.
Slip-length scaling in large earthquakes' Observations and theory and implications for earthquake physics
Creators: name: Shaw, Bruce E.
name: Scholz, Christopher H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Earthquakes
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: For twenty years there has been a dilemma in earthquake physics, because the observed scaling law for large earthquakes did not appear to be consistent with the stress-drop invariance of small earthquake scaling. Surprisingly, slip was seen to continue to increase with rupture length L even for events with lengths much longer than the event widths W (the brittle crust down-dip depth), whereas it might have been expected to saturate for lengths much beyond the width. If this implies that the physics of great earthquakes is somehow different from that of their smaller counterparts, this casts serious doubts on predicting the effects of the rare and damaging great events from observations of the more common smaller events. Here we bring together recently compiled observations of very large aspect ratio earthquakes with results of a 3 dimensional dynamic earthquake model to show that slip-length scaling observations are, in fact, consistent with a scale-invariant physics. Further, we discuss the origin of the large earthquake scaling in the model.
Airborne Test of Laser Pump-And-Probe Technique for Assessment of Phytoplankton Photochemical Characteristics
Creators: name: Chekalyuk, Alexander M.
name: Hoge, Frank E.
name: Wright, Charles W.
name: Swift, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biochemistry
Botany

description: Initial results of the airborne LIDAR measurement of photochemical quantum yield, ΦPo, and functional absorption cross-section, σPS II, of Photosystem II (PS II) are reported. NASA's AOL3 LIDAR was modified to implement short-pulse pump-and-probe (SP-P P) LIDAR measurement protocol. The prototype system is capable of measuring a pump-induced increase in probe-stimulated chlorophyll fluorescence, ΔF/Fsat, along with the acquisition of conventional LIDAR-fluorosensor products from an operational altitude of 150 m. The use of a PS II sub-saturating probe pulse increases the response signal but also results in excessive energy quenching (EEQ) affecting the ΔF/Fsat magnitude. The airborne data indicated up to a 3-fold EEQ-caused decline in ΔF/Fsat, and 2-fold variability in the EEQ rate constant over a spatial scale a few hundred kilometers. Therefore, continuous monitoring of EEQ parameters must be incorporated in the operational SP-P P protocol to provide data correction for the EEQ effect. Simultaneous airborne LIDAR measurements of ΦPo and σPS II with EEQ correction were shown to be feasible and optimal laser excitation parameters were determined. Strong daytime ΔF/Fsat decline under ambient light was found in the near-surface water layer over large aquatic areas. An example of SP-P P LIDAR measurement of phytoplankton photochemical and fluorescent characteristics in the Chesapeake Bay mouth is presented. Prospects for future SP-P P development and related problems are discussed.
Spatial Variations in a Condensed Interval between Estuarine and Open-Marine Settings: Holocene Hudson River Estuary and Adjacent Continental Shelf
Creators: name: McHugh, Cecilia M.
name: Pekar, Stephen F.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Ryan, William B. F.
name: Carbotte, Suzanne M.
name: Bell, Robin E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Geology, Stratigraphic
Remote sensing
Submarine geology

description: An interval of stratigraphic condensation extending for 300 km from the fluvially dominated Hudson River estuary to the adjacent continental shelf reveals stratal relationships within an unconformity-related depositional sequence that are commonly difficult to resolve in seismic reflection profiles and outcrop. High-resolution side-scan sonar and bathymetry, more than 100 sediment cores ∼2 m long, and radioisotope (14C, 137Cs) age control show that much of the valley was filled by ca. 3 to 1 ka. The present rate of sediment accumulation averages 1 mm/yr, corresponding with a sea-level rise of ∼1.2 mm/yr relative to local bedrock. Condensation is manifested today by sedimentary bypass in most parts of the estuary and by the trapping of available sediment (1.2–5.6 × 105 t/yr [metric tons]) along narrow reaches and primarily in the vicinity of the estuarine turbidity maximum, a part of the estuary located upstream of the salinity intrusion ∼25 km from the mouth (3.0 × 105 t/yr). Shelf condensation is due to sediment starvation. The condensed interval merges updip with a nascent sequence boundary as the estuary reaches its final filling phase and downdip with the sequence boundary that developed at the Last Glacial Maximum. Delta progradation may take place as available shelf accommodation is filled, but such sediments are expected to be removed once sea level begins to fall. This sedimentation pattern, in which a condensed interval merges with different sequence boundaries, is consistent with the stratigraphic record of the Atlantic margin back to the Paleogene and may be typical of sediment-starved margins.
Long-term correlations and multifractal analysis of trading volumes for Chinese stocks
Creators: name: Mu, Guo-Hua
name: Chen, Wei
name: Kertész, János
name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We investigate the temporal correlations and multifractal nature of trading volume of 22 liquid stocks traded on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2003. We find that the trading volume exhibit size-dependent non-universal long memory and multifractal nature. No crossover in the power-law dependence of the detrended fluctuation functions is observed. Our results show that the intraday pattern in the trading volume has negligible impact on the long memory and multifractality.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
title: Longitudinal Pantothenic Acid Status of Pregnant and Lactating Women
Creators: name: Song, Won Oack
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1983

description: Pantothenic acid nutritional status was evaluated in a cohort of twenty-nine Caucasian pregnant women, aged 20-35, during their third trimester of pregnancy, at two-weeks postpartum and at three months postpartum. Seventeen non-pregnant, non-lactating women who had similar demographic backgrounds as the pregnant women were selected as a control group and followed the same experimental schedule as the pregnant women. A fasting blood sample, two days 24-h urine specimens and diet record were obtained for each of two days from each subject at each period.
The mean dietary pantothenic acid intakes of the women during pregnancy (5.30±1.74 mg/day) and during lactation (8.90±11.66 mg/day) were statistically similar to that of the control group (9.63±19.74 mg/day). A substantial number of the study population consumed less than 4 mg pantothenic acid daily. The average of 2.75 mg dietary pantothenic acid intake per 1000 kcal was consistent in all groups. The mean fasting blood level (406.38±78.21 ng/ml) and urinary excretion (3.21±0.88 mg/day, 3.85±1.24 mg/g creatinine) of the pregnant women were significantly lower than those of the control group (530.14±157.90 ng/ml; 4.38±3.69 mg/day, 5.78±4.90 mg/g creatinine). The suppressed panthothenic acid levels in blood and urinary excretion during pregnancy were increased to levels comparable to controls during the nursing period. Pantothenic acid lev~s in the biological fluids correlated significantly with dietary intake. A bound form of pantothenic acid was not detected in the plasma and plasma values were relatively constant. Thus, plasma was suggested as an insensitive indicator of pantotheriic acid nutritional status. The mean pantothenic acid contents of fore and hind milk samples were 2.60 microgram/ml, 2.44 microgram/ml, respectively and were not statistically different. Overall, the pregnant women consumed less than the suggested level of pantothenic acid, maintained lower blood levels and had decreased urinary excretion.
title: An Evaluation of Various Methods of Roasting Whole Turkeys From the Frozen State
Creators: name: Teot, Kim Merida-Klemmedson
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1983

description: Methods of roasting frozen turkeys were evaluated to determine the optimum final internal temperature (71,77, or 82°C), the best low oven temperature method (foil tent vs roasting bag at 93,107, 121, and 135°c), and the best overall method (foil tent-121 °c, foil tent-163°C, roasting bag-163°c, foil wrap-232°C). The lower the final internal temperature the juicier and more tender the bird however, the 77°c final internal temperature is recommended because at the 71°c internal temperature, the thigh joint was unacceptably pink. Among the low oven temperature methods, birds roasted at 121°c received the highest average sensory scores. Birds roasted by the 163°c oven with a foil tent covering method received acceptable sensory scores, favorable comments from the panelists, and inoculated birds roasted by this method were sterile. Therefore this method was chosen as the best overall method for roasting whole unstuffed frozen turkeys. The low oven temperature method produced also produced an acceptable turkey from a sensory standpoint, but the thigh joint was judged to be "uncooked" and therefore unacceptable. The roasting bag method was judged low for both appearance and palatablity attributes. Survival of Salmonella typhimurium was al so highest on birds roasted in a bag. The high oven temperature method was given 1 ow palatability scores, and survival of Salmonella typhimurium was also observed on birds roasted by this method.
A new perspective on boundary scavenging in the North Pacific Ocean
Creators: name: Hayes, Christopher Tyler
name: Anderson, Robert F.
name: Jaccard, Samuel L.
name: François, Roger
name: Fleisher, Martin Q.
name: Soon, Maureen
name: Gersonde, Rainer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical oceanography
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Biogeochemistry

description: Boundary scavenging, or the enhanced removal of adsorption-prone elements from the ocean in areas of high particle flux, is an often cited, though not well-quantified, concept used to understand the oceanic distribution of many trace metals. Because 230Th and 231Pa are produced uniformly from uranium decay and removed differentially by scavenging, the process of boundary scavenging can be elucidated by a more detailed knowledge of their water column distributions. To this end, filtered seawater was collected across the gradients in particle flux which span the subarctic Pacific: in the west during the Innovative North Pacific Experiment (INOPEX) and in the east along Line P. Lateral concentration gradients of dissolved 230Th are small throughout the subarctic Pacific at 12 sites of variable particle flux. This contradicts the prediction of the traditional boundary scavenging model. A compilation of water column data from throughout the North Pacific reveals much larger lateral concentration gradients for 230Th between the subarctic North Pacific and subtropical gyre, over lateral gradients in scavenging intensity similar to those found within the subarctic. This reflects a biogeochemical-province aspect to scavenging. Upper water column distributions of 231Pa and 231Pa/230Th ratio are consistent with the influence of scavenging by biogenic opal, while deep waters (greater than 2.5 km) reveal an additional 231Pa sink possibly related to manganese oxides produced at continental margins or ridge crests.
A generalized birth and death process for modeling the fates of gene duplication
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Gene duplication
Phylogenetic methods
Probabilistic models
Birth-death processes
Stochastic processes

description: © 2015 Zhao et al. Background: Accurately estimating the timing and mode of gene duplications along the evolutionary history of species can provide invaluable information about underlying mechanisms by which the genomes of organisms evolved and the genes with novel functions arose. Mechanistic models have previously been introduced that allow for probabilistic inference of the evolutionary mechanism for duplicate gene retention based upon the average rate of loss over time of the duplicate. However, there is currently no probabilistic model embedded in a birth-death modeling framework that can take into account the effects of different evolutionary mechanisms of gene retention when analyzing gene family data. Results: In this study, we describe a generalized birth-death process for modeling the fates of gene duplication. Use of mechanistic models in a phylogenetic framework requires an age-dependent birth-death process. Starting with a single population corresponding to the lineage of a phylogenetic tree and with an assumption of a clock that starts ticking for each duplicate at its birth, an age-dependent birth-death process is developed by extending the results from the time-dependent birth-death process. The implementation of such models in a full phylogenetic framework is expected to enable large scale probabilistic analysis of duplicates in comparative genomic studies. Conclusions: We develop an age-dependent birth-death model for understanding the mechanisms of gene retention, which allows a gene loss rate dependent on each duplication event. Simulation results indicate that different mechanisms of gene retentions produce distinct likelihood functions, which can be used with genomic data to quantitatively distinguish those mechanisms.
Indication of antiferromagnetic interaction between paramagnetic Co ions in the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$O
Creators: name: Kobayashi, M.
name: Ishida, Y.
name: Hwang, J. I.
name: Osafune, Y.
name: Fujimori, A.
name: Takeda, Y.
name: Okane, T.
name: Saitoh, Y.
name: Kobayashi, K.
name: Saeki, H.
name: Kawai, T.
name: Tabata, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_x$O ($x=0.07$ and 0.10) thin films, which were homo-epitaxially grown on a ZnO(0001) substrates with varying relatively high oxygen pressure, have been investigated using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at Co $2p$ core-level absorption edge. The line shapes of the absorption spectra are the same in all the films and indicate that the Co$^{2+}$ ions substitute for the Zn sites. The magnetic-field and temperature dependences of the XMCD intensity are consistent with the magnetization measurements, indicating that except for Co there are no additional sources for the magnetic moment, and demonstrate the coexistence of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic components in the homo-epitaxial Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$O thin films, in contrast to the ferromagnetism in the hetero-epitaxial Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$O films studied previously. The analysis of the XMCD intensities using the Curie-Weiss law reveals the presence of antiferromagnetic interaction between the paramagnetic Co ions. Missing XMCD intensities and magnetization signals indicate that most of Co ions are non-magnetic probably because they are strongly coupled antiferromagnetically with each other. Annealing in a high vacuum reduces both the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic signals. We attribute the reductions to thermal diffusion and aggregation of Co ions with antiferromagnetic nanoclusters in Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$O.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, accepted for Physical Review B
title: Synthesis of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid-Protein Conjugates for Development of Enzyme Immunoassay for B-Lactam Antibiotics
Creators: name: Heth, Alice Ann
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: An enzyme immunoassay specific for several B-lactam antibiotics rather than individual antibiotics was investigated. The goal to develop an enzyme immunoassay for analysis of a whole class of compounds at one time is different than the goal of most enzyme immunoassays which desire specificity for drugs or hormone levels. Detection of the presence of all B-lactam antibiotics is wanted and identification of specific antibiotics is not needed.
6-Aminopenicillanic acid, the common structural moiety of B-lactam antibiotics was used tin this investigation. Methods of preparation of 6-aminopencillanic ac id conjugates 2nd antibodies needed for enzyme immunoassays have been developed. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid was conjugated to ovalbumin and bovine gamma globulin for production of antibodies with specificity to 6-aminopenicillanic acid. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid was also linked to the enzyme· horseradish peroxidase for future use in enzyme immunoassays.
Antibodies produced against 6-aminopenicillanic acid are antigenic towards the thiazolidine ring of penicillins as shown by their affinity to ampicillin and penicillin. Anti-6-aminopenicillanic acid antibodies should therefore be antigenic towards other semisynthetic penicillins because 6-aminopenicillanic acid is usually used in their synthesis.
A likelihood-based approach to mixed modeling with ambiguity in cluster identifiers
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2008
Subjects: expectation conditional maximization
genotype
haplotype
HIV-1
lipids
missing identifiers
mixed-effects models
phenotype
population-based genetic association studies

description: This manuscript describes a novel, linear mixed-effects model-fitting technique for the setting in which correlated data indicators are not completely observed. Mixed modeling is a useful analytical tool for characterizing genotype-phenotype associations among multiple potentially informative genetic loci. This approach involves grouping individuals into genetic clusters, where individuals in the same cluster have similar or identical multilocus genotypes. In haplotype-based investigations of unrelated individuals, corresponding cluster assignments are unobservable since the alignment of alleles within chromosomal copies is not generally observed. We derive an expectation conditional maximization approach to estimation in the mixed modeling setting, where cluster assignments are ambiguous. The approach has broad relevance to the analysis of data with missing correlated data identifiers. An example is provided based on data arising from a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infected individuals at risk for antiretroviral therapy-associated dyslipidemia. © 2008 The Authors.
Incompatibility of Rotation Curves with Gravitational Lensing for TeVeS
Creators: name: Ferreras, Ignacio
name: Mavromatos, Nick E.
name: Sakellariadou, Mairi
name: Yusaf, Muhammad Furqaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain the one-parameter class of TeVeS models by testing the theory against both rotation curve and strong gravitational lensing data on galactic scales, remaining fully relativistic in our formalism. The upshot of our analysis is that -- at least in its simplest original form, which is the only one studied in the literature so far -- TeVeS is ruled out, in the sense that the models cannot consistently fit simultaneously the two sets of data without including a significant dark matter component. It is also shown that the details of the underlying cosmological model are not relevant for our analysis, which pertains to galactic scales. The choice of the stellar Initial Mass Function -- which affects the estimates of baryonic mass -- is found not to change our conclusions.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures