cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Craters Hosting Radar-Bright Deposits in Mercury's North Polar Region: Areas of Persistent Shadow Determined from MESSENGER Images
Creators: name: Chabot, Nancy L.
name: Ernst, Carolyn M.
name: Harmon, John K.
name: Murchie, Scott L.
name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: Blewett, David T.
name: Denevi, Brett W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hydrology
Planetology

description: Radar-bright features near Mercury's poles were discovered in Earth-based radar images and proposed to be water ice present in permanently shadowed areas. Images from MESSENGER's one-year primary orbital mission provide the first nearly complete view of Mercury’s north polar region, as well as multiple images of the surface under a range of illumination conditions. We find that radar-bright features near Mercury's north pole are associated with locations persistently shadowed in MESSENGER images. Within 10 degrees of the pole, almost all craters larger than 10 km in diameter host radar-bright deposits. There are several craters located near Mercury's north pole with sufficiently large diameters to enable long-lived water ice to be thermally stable at the surface within regions of permanent shadow. Craters located farther south also host radar-bright deposits and show a preference for cold-pole longitudes; thermal models suggest that a thin insulating layer is required to cover these deposits if the radar-bright material consists predominantly of longlived water ice. Many small (less than 10 km diameter) and low-latitude (extending southward to 66 degrees N) craters host radar-bright material, and water ice may not be thermally stable in these craters for ~1 Gy, even beneath an insulating layer. The correlation of radar-bright features with persistently shadowed areas is consistent with the deposits being composed of water ice, and future thermal modeling of small and low-latitude craters has the potential to further constrain the nature, source, and timing of emplacement of the radar-bright material.
Children and Megadisasters: Lessons Learned in the New Millennium
Creators: name: Garrett, Andrew L.
name: Grant, Roy F.
name: Madrid, Paula
name: Brito, Arturo
name: Abramson, David M.
name: Redlener, Irwin E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Child disaster victims
Disaster victims--Services for
Disaster relief
Emergency management
Hurricane Katrina (2005)

description: Hurricane Katrina is America’s most recent encounter with a megadisaster. But what made it a megadisaster instead of just another category 3 hurricane of the type that seasonally exists in the Gulf of Mexico? Katrina was not the largest or strongest hurricane to strike the United States mainland in the recent past, but its effects were devastating and wide reaching beyond our wildest nightmares, far beyond those of Hurricane Andrew (1992), a category 5 hurricane that scoured much of Florida and the Gulf Coast. Hurricane Katrina’s track directly targeted gaping vulnerabilities in infrastructure and society, and set in motion a series of events that culminated in the deaths of nearly 2000 people, resulted in hundreds of missing individuals, and caused a potential economic impact of up to $150 billion. The disruption of people’s lives was immeasurable, as was the impact on the long-term physical and mental health of the victims, which continues today. Katrina also led to a substantial decline in the confidence that the public has in its government to provide essential services during a disaster.
Children are among the most susceptible members of a community when catastrophes such as these strike because of their dependent nature as well as their physiologic and psychological vulnerability. Children affected by Katrina were no exception. Persistent critical gaps exist in the ability to prepare for and respond to the needs of the youngest victims. These were clearly exposed as children endured an at times ineffectual disaster response followed by a stressful recovery that is still ongoing. An analysis of the issues that faced children during this event and some others from the recent past may help society reduce the impact of such disasters on children in the future. This article focuses on a few of the major shortfalls in the care of children that have become especially apparent in the last few years: Facilitating evacuation; Providing shelter; Caring for those with special medical needs; Addressing mental health needs.
Analysis and design of OFDM systems : loading and nonlinear distortion mitigation
Creators: name: Mohammadnia-Avval, Mohammad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In wireless communication systems, multiples copies of the transmitted signal arrive at the receiver. This phenomenon causes channel variations in the frequency domain over the transmission bandwidth. Conventional systems use equalizers to tackle this problem. Another approach is to use multicarrier communication systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In this technique, the entire bandwidth is divided into several subchannels, and, as a result, each subchannel experiences almost a flat fading channel. In this dissertation, we work on three different areas in OFDM systems: (1) We propose new analytical methods to evaluate the error rate of coded OFDM systems for a particular channel realization. (2) Assuming the instantaneous channel is known both at the transmitter and the receiver, we introduce adaptive transmission techniques to enhance the performance of these systems, and (3) we propose a new receiver-based technique to recover the distortion caused by the practical non-linear power amplifier. To address the first subject, a novel analytical method for bit error rate evaluation of coded OFDM systems for a specific channel realization is proposed. As this method might be too complex for some applications, we also propose a simpler formula. As for the second subject, we introduce new adaptive bit loading and interleaving techniques to minimize the bit error rate of the system. Also, we propose novel adaptive bit and power loading and code rate selection techniques to minimize bit error rate, to minimize the transmit power, or to maximize the throughput of the system. To address the third subject, we propose a new method to estimate the original nonclipped signal. The estimation is done at the receiver and makes use of the newly proposed compressed sensing estimation technique.
First-principles method for high-$Q$ photonic crystal cavity mode calculations
Creators: name: Mahmoodian, Sahand
name: Sipe, J. E.
name: Poulton, Christopher G.
name: Dossou, Kokou B.
name: Botten, Lindsay C.
name: McPhedran, Ross C.
name: de Sterke, C. Martijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first-principles method to compute radiation properties of ultra-high quality factor photonic crystal cavities. Our Frequency-domain Approach for Radiation (FAR) can compute the far-field radiation pattern and quality factor of cavity modes $\sim 100$ times more rapidly than conventional finite-difference time domain calculations. It also provides a simple rule for engineering the cavity's far-field radiation pattern.
Enhancing students learning through dual language books, identity texts and digital technology incorporation
Creators: name: Dilov, Lina
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 122-126
description: Teachers in many parts of the world including Canada are facing increased multilingual/ multicultural complexity in their classrooms and schools. The main objective of this action research project was to study the benefits of employing dual language books, creating identity texts and incorporating the use of technology into this learning process. The most significant finding was that for most students, engagement in dual language reading and writing of identity texts increased their appreciation and interest in their first language and culture and their willingness to share this with others. As few examples of meta-linguistic awareness emerged during this study, it was difficult to determine if the use of dual language books and identity texts contribute to the development of increased meta-linguistic awareness. Keywords: dual language books, identity texts, digital technology, meta-linguistic awareness, multicultural, multilingual
Clinicians' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Concerns Regarding Bioterrorism After a Brief Educational Program
Creators: name: Gershon, Robyn R.
name: Qureshi, Kristine A.
name: Galea, Sandro
name: Sepkowitz, Kent A.
name: Gurtman, Alejandra C.
name: Sherman, Martin F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Disaster medicine
Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism--Safety measures
Emergency medical personnel--Training of

description: We conducted this study to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviors of New York City clinicians regarding bioterrorism-related diseases after a brief educational program. Data on clinicians’ knowledge and attitudes toward bioterrorism and related diseases were collected using a self-administered questionnaire following a 3.5-hour educational program. Participants (n = 310, 82% response rate) reported increased confidence in recognizing symptoms of bioterrorism-related diseases (89%), in addressing patients’ bioterrorism concerns (83%), and ability to treat bioterrorism victims (75%). Despite a high level of confidence in the efficacy of infection control precautions, participants’ knowledge scores regarding safe work practices suggest that additional education is warranted. Educational programs are useful in enhancing the public health response to bioterrorism and its consequences.
title: Determining environmental flow requirements for substrate maintenance in cobble and boulder bed rivers in South Africa
title: Hydrology days 2008
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2008
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Cullis, James
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2008

description: 2008 annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 26 - March 28, 2008.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: To ensure a healthy and biodiverse ecosystem in cobble and boulder bed rivers, it is imperative that the channel bed is maintained. In pristine catchments this is achieved by the range of flows characteristic of the natural flow regime, which typically incorporates "maintenance" flood flows of different timing, duration and frequency. The construction of dams however, leads to a change in the flow regime, the flooding magnitude and frequency, and the sediment transport capacity. In order to maintain a healthy and productive substrate environment it is necessary that the environmental flow requirement for these rivers accommodate a "substrate maintenance flow component". This paper presents the findings of a project to develop guidelines for determining substrate maintenance flows in cobble and boulder bed rivers in South Africa. The study developed a model for predicting incipient motion based on unit stream-power theory and used this model to investigate the impact of particular flood events on invertebrate population densities.
title: Association of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy with cerebral microbleeds in transfemoral aortic valve replacement (RETORIC substudy)
Creators: name: Varga, Andrea
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: CNS
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Blood
subject: Drugs / Reactions
subject: Prospective
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Cerebral microbleeds (MB) are -more frequent with increasing age and antiocoagulant (ACo) or antiplatelet (ATP) therapy -associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke as well as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to -determine MB...
Invasive alien species Digital Twin (IAS-DT)
Creators: name: El-Gabbas, Ahmed
name: Khan, Taimur
name: Golivets, Marina
name: Kühn, Ingolf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Digital Twin

description: Invasive alien species (IAS) negatively affect biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human well-being. The impacts of IAS will likely exacerbate in the future due to new species introductions and the synergy with other drivers of global change. We aim to use statistical models to estimate where and under which conditions new invasions of plants might occur and what might be the overall extent of those invasions. The poster was first presented at the BioDT Annual Meeting 2023, 13-14 June in Leiden, Netherlands. Learn more
Ideal chains with fixed self-intersection rate
Creators: name: Franchini, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider ideal chains in a hypercubic lattice \mathbb{Z}^{d}, d\geq3, with a fixed ratio m of self-intersection per monomer. Despite the simplicity of the geometrical constraint, this model shows some interesting properties, such as a collapse transition for a critical value m_{c}. Numerical simulations show a Self-Avoiding-Walk-like behavior for mm_{c}. The collapse seems to show the same characteristics as the canonical thermodynamical models for the coil-globule transition.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
title: Tips and pitfalls in functional Magnetic Resonance Urography
Creators: name: Grzywińska, Małgorzata
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Abdomen
subject: Kidney
subject: Paediatric
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Image registration
subject: Image verification
subject: Outcomes
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: MR urography is one of the newer imaging techniques of the urinary tract in children. Mainly, MR urography was based on the qualitative evaluation, but when it involves functional analysis with contrast enhancement, the MR dynamic sequence requires...
W. E. B. Du Bois’ Ambiguous Politics of Liberation: Race, Marxism and Pan Africanism
Creators: name: Gearey, Adam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Race relations--Law and legislation
Liberty
Socialism
Marxism and culture
Pan-Africanism
Race discrimination--Law and legislation
African Americans

description: W. E. B. Du Bois summons the restless and provocative spirit of a Pan Africanism that, despite its association with the collapse of Kwamah Nkumah's Ghanaian revolution, has not failed as an idea. Commentators have realised, to some extent, the ambiguities of Du Bois' Pan Africanism. However, they have not shown how Du Bois' deployment of the concept opens up a more radical political thinking. This Essay will trace the various twists and turns of Du Bois' Pan Africanism as narrated in the text Dusk of Dawn. Pan Africanism demands a social, economic, and political revolution that goes beyond the civil liberties struggle and its focus on constitutional recognition. In leaving America for Ghana, Du Bois committed himself to a very specific understanding of the African revolution. Using the ideas of Etienne Balibar and Jacques Rancière, this Essay will argue that Du Bois' Pan Africanism evoked energies of revolution that point at an unfinished, rather than failed, radical project.
Picosecond cubic and quintic nonlinearity of lithium niobate at 532 nm
Creators: name: Wang, Hongzhen
name: Boudebs, Georges
name: de Araújo, Cid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear (NL) optical response of bulk lithium niobate (LiNbO$_3$) was investigated at 532 nm using the second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser delivering pulses of 12 ps. The experiments were performed using the D4$σ$ method combined with the conventional Z-scan technique. Two- and three-photon absorption coefficients equal to 0.27 cm/GW and 2.5x10^(-26) m3/W2, respectively, were determined. The NL absorption processes were due to transitions from the valence to the conduction band and to free-carriers absorption. The third- and fifth-order NL refractive indices were $n_2=(2.5 \pm 0.6)\times 10^{-19}$ m$^2$/W and $n_4<5.5 \times 10^{-36}$ m$^4$/W$^2$. The present results give support for previous experiments that indicate possible fifth-order processes in bulk samples and channel waveguides fabricated with LiNbO$_3$.
Enhancement of critical current density in superconducting/magnetic multi-layers with slow magnetic relaxation dynamics and large magnetic susceptibility
Creators: name: Lin, Shi-Zeng
name: Bulaevskii, Lev N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to use superconductor-magnet multi-layer structure to achieve high critical current density by invoking polaronic mechanism of pinning. The magnetic layers should have large magnetic susceptibility to enhance the coupling between vortices and magnetization in magnetic layers. The relaxation of the magnetization should be slow. When the velocity of vortices is low, they are dressed by nonuniform magnetization and move as polarons. In this case, the viscosity of vortices proportional to the magnetic relaxation time is enhanced significantly. As velocity increases, the polarons dissociate and the viscosity drops to the usual Bardeen-Stephen one, resulting in a jump in the I-V curve. Experimentally the jump shows up as a depinning transition and the corresponding current at the jump is the depinning current. For Nb and proper magnet multi-layer structure, we estimate the critical current density $J_c\sim 10^{9}\ \rm{A/m^2}$ at magnetic field $B\approx 1$ T.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
title: Coronary calcium score in patients experiencing chest pain with and without coronary artery anomaly: A comparative study
Creators: name: Suwita, Benedicta
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Congenital
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Cardiac
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Congenital coronary artery anomaly is a rare condition with approximately 1% incidence in patients referred for coronary angiography [1]. In patients with coronary artery anomaly, atypical chest pain is the most common reason they are referred for...
Localization methods for a mobile robot in urban environments
Creators: name: Georgiev, Atanas
name: Allen, Peter K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Robotics

description: This paper addresses the problems of building a functional mobile robot for urban site navigation and modeling with focus on keeping track of the robot location. We have developed a localization system that employs two methods. The first method uses odometry, a compass and tilt sensor, and a global positioning sensor. An extended Kalman filter integrates the sensor data and keeps track of the uncertainty associated with it. The second method is based on camera pose estimation. It is used when the uncertainty from the first method becomes very large. The pose estimation is done by matching linear features in the image with a simple and compact environmental model. We have demonstrated the functionality of the robot and the localization methods with real-world experiments.
title: Hydro geomorphological classification of the Albanian coastline in the Mediterranean Sea
title: Hydrology days 2007
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2007
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Pano, Niko
name: Frasheri, Alfred
name: Avdyli, Bardhyl
name: Gjoka, Koço
name: Bukli, Marenglen
name: Bozdo, Shpetim
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2007

description: 2007 annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 19 - March 21, 2007.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Albanian coastal area in the Mediterranean Sea is about 380 km long with about 284 km along the Adriatic Sea, and the remain 96 km facing the Ionian Sea. This area represents the Easter side of Otranto Strait. River mouths and deltas, lagoons system, abandoned riverbeds, inland, marsh labyrinths, sandy beaches, dunes covered with vegetation, dens forests, represent Albanian littoral, with enormous international importance for its biodiversity and natural productivity. This area is considered one of the most complicated natural areas of the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper it is attempted to present a general evaluation of the natural particularities of the sea coast in Albania. Morphological classification and coastal evaluation are the principal components of the paper. Marine and onshore integrated surveys and the studies for investigation, monitoring and estimation of the physical characteristics of the Albanian coastal area were performed during the period 1958-2005. The natural particularities of the sea coast is mainly determined by variation of the impact of climate change, continental water discharge in the sea, suspended load discharge, wave refraction, trajectory of the main marine currents in the coastal area, etc. The shores have differences concerning geological, climatic, geomorphologic, sediment logic. Fluvial features in structure of a coastal zone and talasographic field. Six physiographic units-regions that have the original ways of development according to the modern morph dynamical and litho dynamical regime were distinguished. Various parameters of the shore dynamics are represented. Results of the integrated offshore and onshore geological-geophysical surveys and hydrographical studies in Albanian littoral are presented in this paper. Hydro morphological studies were performed to evaluate geomorphologic characteristics, and the migration of the Albanian coastline in the Mediterranean Sea. The wave refraction in the coastal area is analyzed by wave refraction diagrams. Determination of the littoral sediment transport and coastal sedimentation, the classification of the erosion and accumulation processes, under wave refraction, sea currents, are studied by analysis of marine onshore surveys data.
Stories without endings: a study of illness and disability narratives in rural Laos
Creators: name: Buchner, Denise
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 270-286
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Includes copies of ethics approval. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Public health care utilization in rural Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is very low despite indicators that place the health status of Lao people amongst the worst in the world (CIA, 2006). A national health survey conducted in 2001 found that 53% of ill people in Lao PDR did not seek help for their health problem from a public health care facility. In rural areas, only 61.7% of villages had at least one doctor or nurse available to assist with health problems (Kanashiro, 2004). Between January and June 2007, ethnographic data were collected from Vientiane district in rural Lao PDR to examine the question: "When poor Lao villagers discover themselves to be ill or disabled, what types of treatments do they seek and why?" Data derive from participant observations, informal and formal interviews and discussion groups. Analysis of the data revealed that health seeking in rural Lao PDR is complex due to three interconnected factors. These factors are: the cost of accessing public health care and the complex processes surrounding choosing health care options and paying for them; cultural interpretations of illness and disability and the influence these have on health seeking; and complex bureaucratic processes that are bewildering to poor and rural people. Reasons for low utilization of public health care in rural Lao PDR are very complex and cannot be fully understood through any one of the discussed factors. Illness and disability narratives collected during research for this study are woven into the discussion presented in this thesis. Concluding remarks include key statements that present the main findings discovered from this study and also implications for future practice.
Mitigating absenteeism in hospital workers during a pandemic
Creators: name: Garrett, Andrew L.
name: Park, Yoon Soo
name: Redlener, Irwin E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Emergency management
Absenteeism (Labor)
Hospitals--Emergency services--Planning
Emergency medical personnel--Safety measures
Epidemics

description: Objectives: An influenza pandemic, as with any disaster involving contagion or contamination, has the potential to influence the number of health care employees who will report for duty. Our project assessed the uptake of proposed interventions to mitigate absenteeism in hospital workers during a pandemic.
Methods: Focus groups were followed by an Internet-based survey of a convenience sample frame of 17,000 hospital workers across 5 large urban facilities. Employees were asked to select their top barrier to reporting for duty and to score their willingness to work before and after a series of interventions were offered to mitigate it.
Results: Overall, 2864 responses were analyzed. Safety concerns were the most frequently cited top barrier to reporting for work, followed by issues of dependent care and transportation. Significant increases in employee willingness to work scores were observed from mitigation strategies that included preferential access to antiviral medication or personal protective equipment for the employee as well as their immediate family.
Conclusions: The knowledge base on workforce absenteeism during disasters is growing, although in general this issue is underrepresented in emergency planning efforts. Our data suggest that a mitigation strategy that includes options for preferential access to either antiviral therapy, protective equipment, or both for the employee as well as his or her immediate family will have the greatest impact. These findings likely have import for other disasters involving contamination or contagion, and in critical infrastructure sectors beyond health care.
Holographic Wilsonian Renormalization and Chiral Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Evans, Nick
name: Kim, Keun-Young
name: Magou, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the role of a holographic Wilsonian cut-off in simple probe brane models with chiral symmetry breaking/restoration phase transitions. The Wilsonian cut-off allows us to define supergravity solutions for off-shell configurations and hence to define a potential for the chiral condensate. We pay particular attention to the need for configurations whose action we are comparing to have the same IR and UV boundary conditions. We exhibit new first and second order phase transitions with changing cut-off. We derive the effective potential for the condensate including mean field and BKT type continuous transitions.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures, v2: Added references, corrected typos, v3: minor corrections, the version to appear in PRD
Beyond FRiM, ASAP: a family of sparse approximation for covariance matrices and preconditioners
Creators: name: Thiébaut, Éric
name: Tallon, Michel
name: Thé, Samuel
name: Denis, Loïc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The FRiM fractal operator belongs to a family of operators, called ASAP, defined by an ordered selection of nearest neighbors. This generalization provides means to improve upon the good properties of FRiM. We propose a fast algorithm to build an ASAP operator mimicking the fractal structure of FRiM for pupils of any size and geometry and to learn the sparse coefficients from empirical data. We empirically show the good approximation by ASAP of correlated statistics and the benefits of ASAP for solving phase restoration problems.
Performance analysis and design of multiple-input multiple-output and multi-hop free-space optical communication systems
Creators: name: Bayaki, Ehsan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Free-space optical (FSO) communication has recently gained a lot of interest as an attractive solution for high-rate last-mile terrestrial applications. FSO has many attractive features including the use of unlicensed parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, ease of deployment, cost efficiency, high security, and high data rates. There are however challenges in the design of FSO communication systems. Specifically, the weather-dependent optical wireless channel introduces attenuation and intensity variations known as turbulence-induced fading, which impose severe challenges for reliable data transmission. Meanwhile, the limitation in transmit power due to eye-safety regulations adds yet another design constraint. In this thesis, we first consider the performance analysis of FSO systems subject to Gamma-Gamma fading. The Gamma-Gamma probability density function (pdf) includes a modified Bessel function that precludes simple closed-form expressions. We employ a series representation of the modified Bessel function and derive closed-form expressions for the pairwise error probability (PEP) of FSO systems. We then study the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FSO systems for general space-time codes (STCs) for both direct and coherent/differential detection. We develop comprehensive models for both detection schemes and also use the derived models for a fair comparison between different detection schemes. For performance analysis only, we limit the number of transmit apertures to two and derive the asymptotic PEP in closed form. Moreover, design criteria are established which are used to prove the quasi-optimality of repetition and Alamouti STCs for direct and coherent/differential detection in Gamma-Gamma fading, respectively. Finally, we investigate dual-hop and multi-hop FSO systems employing electrical and all-optical relays. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are assumed for all-optical relaying and comprehensive signal and noise models are then derived. We show that all-optical relays outperform electrical relays unless the number of relays is very large. Furthermore, we conclude that, for a fixed source-destination distance, performance improves as the number of hops increases up to a certain point. Adding more relays will then result in performance degradation for both amplification schemes.
Mesoarchaean Aluminous Rocks at Storø, Southern West Greenland: New Age Data and Evidence of Premetamorphic Seafloor Weathering of Basalts
Creators: name: Szilas, Kristoffer
name: Garde, Adam A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Submarine geology
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Metamorphosed Meso- to Neoarchaean supracrustal rocks in the central part of the island of Storø (Nuuk region, southern West Greenland), show field- and geochemical evidence of premetamorphic chemical alteration. This alteration changed basaltic precursors into aluminous lithologies, and following amphibolite grade metamorphism and penetrative ductile deformation, these garnet biotite schists now resemble adjacent metapelitic schists of sedimentary origin. Mass balance calculations (isocon method), suggests that most major elements (Si, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na and P) were leached during alteration. The calculated overall net mass changes are between -18% and -45%, consistent with breakdown of olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase and apatite in the basaltic precursor rocks. Major and trace elements such as, K, Cs, Rb, Ba, Pb, Zn, La, Ce were added during this alteration process, whereas high field strength elements (Ti, Al, Zr, Hf and Nb) remained essentially immobile and were thus residually enriched. Interestingly, Th which is generally assumed to be immobile in fluids, was also added during this process. These chemical changes reflect interaction between a basaltic protolith and hydrous fluids that established a new equilibrium and thus a different mineral assemblage. It is proposed that the premetamorphic alteration at Storø was due to low-temperature interaction between seawater and oceanic crust, and thus essentially represents in situ submarine seafloor weathering. This interpretation is consistent with the mass balances reported from well-documented examples in younger settings. New U-Pb zircon geochronology from the arc-related mafic sequences at Storø shows that they comprise at least two distinct age groups: an older anorthosite complex dated at 3051.3 plus or minus 2.6 Ma and a younger supracrustal sequence with age brackets between 2840-2710 Ma. The allochthonous nature of these two mafic igneous to sedimentary stacks is consistent with accretionary processes in island arc complexes and a compressional Archaean tectonic setting.
title: Microwave breast imaging classification using machine learning approaches.
Creators: name: Tsui, Louis
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Experimental
subject: Retrospective
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Cancer
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Oncology
subject: Breast
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The Micrima MARIA ® system is a Radio frequency (3-8GHz) imaging system [1] (Figure 1) that exploit dielectric contrast within breast tissue [2,3] for cancer detection. Using a hemispherical conformal array of 60 antennas designed to fit round the...
Restless “Lower Back” in a Patient with Parkinson’s Disease
Creators: name: Suzuki, Keisuke
name: Miyamoto, Masayuki
name: Miyamoto, Tomoyuki
name: Hirata, Koichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Medicine

description: Background: In restless legs syndrome (RLS), the isolated involvement of other body parts in the absence of leg involvement is rare.
Case report: We report an 82-year-old male with a 1-year history of Parkinson’s disease (PD) who developed an abnormal sensation limited to his “lower back.” He fulfilled the four essential RLS criteria, with the major caveat that the criteria were applied in a modified manner to his lower back rather than his legs. The administration of a dopamine agonist completely eliminated his symptoms.
Discussion: Our patient’s “restless lower back” may be a variant of RLS. Clinicians should pay attention to restlessness in other body parts in addition to the legs.
Does Pramipexole Treatment Improve Headache in Patients with Concomitant Migraine and Restless Legs Syndrome?
Creators: name: Suzuki, Keisuke
name: Suzuki, Shiho
name: Miyamoto, Masayuki
name: Miyamoto, Tomoyuki
name: Numao, Ayaka
name: Watanabe, Yuka
name: Takashima, Ryotaro
name: Hirata, Koichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Medicine

description: Background: Recent studies have suggested a strong link between migraines and restless legs syndrome (RLS). It is possible that these disorders share a dopaminergic dysfunction in the hypothalamic A11 nucleus that contributes to this association. However, there have been no clinical studies to evaluate the effect of dopaminergic treatment on migraine symptoms in patients with concomitant migraines and RLS.
Methods: We present an illustrative patient with concomitant RLS and migraine who showed improvement in her headache frequency and RLS symptoms following immediate‐release pramipexole (P‐IR) treatment and provide review results from the medical records of patients who experienced both migraines and RLS in our previous cross‐sectional study.
Results: Ten patients (nine patients from the previously completed single‐center study) received P‐IR treatment were included in the study. RLS symptoms improved markedly in all of the subjects. Five out of the 10 patients (50%) reported improvement in migraine headaches. Of these five patients, four (80%) had reported morning headaches before P‐IR treatment.
Discussion: Our results indicate that the identification of RLS in migraine patients is clinically significant and that dopaminergic treatment may improve both migraines, particularly morning headache (80% improvement in this study), and RLS symptoms. However, further clinical studies are warranted to verify our results.
title: Stochastic analysis of crop yield uncertainty, field scale study
title: Hydrology days 2011
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2011
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Alzraiee, Ayman
name: García, Luis
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2011

description: 2011 annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 21 - March 23, 2011.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Spatial heterogeneity of soil properties and uncertainty in root uptake model parameters make the numerical prediction of crop yield prone to a high degree of uncertainty. In this study, the spatial soil parameters are treated as multivariate correlated regionalized random parameters. Sequential indicator simulation is used to generate three-dimensional dependant realizations for hydraulic conductivity, porosity, Van Genuchten parameters and dispersivity. Other semi empirical parameters that control crop water uptake and subsurface drainage conductance where also randomized. Four hundred realizations for each of the soil parameters were generated and processed in the variably saturated flow and transport model (CSUID) to obtain the spatial statistical moments of the relative crop yield, root zone salinity and salt leaching fraction. The statistical distributions of drainage flow and salinity hydrographs were also calculated. Results show that parameter uncertainty significantly affects in-field relative crop yield variability and drainage flow and salinity effluent.
title: On the use of icobrain's prepopulated radiology reporting template for multiple sclerosis follow-up
Creators: name: Smeets, Dirk
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Image verification
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
subject: Multicentre study

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Radiological reporting in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological conditions is an important tool that facilitates communication between radiologist and neurologist. In this work we assess the added value of automatically prepopulated...
Of peppers and preparedness
Creators: name: Garrett, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Emergency management
Emergency management--Planning
Bioterrorism

description: What can a chili pepper teach us about disaster preparedness? In June, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began issuing advisories about a foodborne salmonella outbreak that was detected in the United States. At the end of August, the agencies announced with little fanfare that the outbreak was over. According to the CDC, there were 1,442 cases in 43 states and at least 286 hospitalizations.

An incident of biological terrorism has great potential to pose even greater challenges than the summer’s salmonella outbreak. The substance involved may sound familiar, such as salmonella, E. coli, or botulism, but a carefully orchestrated attack at one or more points high up in the food distribution chain or in a public venue such as a major vacation destination would likely present a true investigative nightmare that would challenge currently available resources.
A stochastic model for distributed real time streaming - Evolution of the network structure
Creators: name: Monsellato, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper is a short summary of the main results in the thesis [1]. Based on the P2P paradigm we construct a stochastic model for a live media streaming content delivery network. Starting from the behavior of the out degree process of each node we analyze the evolution of the resulting random graph. For the out degree process we provide an iterative formula for the distribution probabilities and calculate an explicit expression for the transient distribution. Moreover we discuss the steady state distribution and the problem of local disconnections.
title: Portal vein anatomy: Correlation between CT and angiography in 50 consecutive patients and their implications in surgical and interventional radiology procedures
Creators: name: Sousa, Rafaela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Education and training
subject: Blood
subject: Normal variants
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Catheter venography
subject: Vascular
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Anatomy
subject: Interventional Radiology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The portal venous system is responsible for the venous drainage of most of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts, spleen and pancreas into to the liver and contributing for about 75% of its blood flow [1]. The main portal vein (MPV) results from...
The Management of Osteoarthritis in Movement Disorders: A Case Discussion
Creators: name: Stafford, Giles H.
name: Howard, Robin S.
name: Lavelle, Jonathon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Medicine

description: Background: A 37‐year‐old female with a hyperkinetic movement disorder due to chorea‐acanthocytosis developed severe painful degenerative arthritis of her left knee as a consequence of repetitive involuntary flexion and extension dystonic and ballistic movements.
Case Report: Despite profound limitation in her mobility a total knee replacement was successfully undertaken.
Discussion: The case emphasizes that patients with progressive neurodegenerative disorders may derive relief or resolution of pain by joint replacement even if mobility does not improve following surgery. A multidisciplinary approach to care is essential.
Effective Hamiltonian of Strained Graphene
Creators: name: Linnik, T. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the symmetry properties of graphene lattice, we derive the effective Hamiltonian of graphene under spatially non-uniform acoustic and optical strains. We show that with the proper selection of the parameters, the obtained Hamiltonian reproduces the results of first-principles spectrum calculations for acoustic strain up to 10%. The results are generalized for the case of graphene with broken plane reflection symmetry, which corresponds, for example, to the case of graphene placed at a substrate. Here, essential modifications to the Hamiltonian give rise, in particular, to the gap opening in the spectrum in the presence of the out of plane component of optical strain, which is shown to be due to the lifting of the sublattice symmetry. The developed effective Hamiltonian can be used as a convenient tool for analysis of a variety of strain-related effects, including electron-phonon interaction or pseudo-magnetic fields induced by the non-uniform strain.
Strategic framework for evaluating public-private partnership option
Creators: name: Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Ali
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 244-255
description: Many pages are in colour.
description: The public-private partnership (PPP) arrangement is still an evolving concept, especially in Canada. Successful PPPs require effective project planning, development and analysis protocols to recognize the requirements of the public and private sectors. A PPP arrangement is just one of many project delivery options amongst the wide range of tools available. It should only be used where conditions, project characteristics and other parameters allow it to be successful, and where the advantages of proceeding with a PPP approach can be clearly demonstrated. PPP projects present a particular challenge from the assessment, planning and organizational perspectives due to the complexity and scope of these projects. Therefore there is a demonstrated need, especially in the public sector, for a framework which permits effective identification of the potential suitability for a PPP approach considering all of a project's internal and external attributes. Qualitative data was collected through case studies and semi structured interviews of industry professionals directly associated with PPPs. Based on analysis and interpretation of the data, a set of conclusions, recommendations and a strategic framework for evaluating PPP option was developed and presented to the research participants who validated the results. A Strategic Framework for Evaluating Public-Private Partnership Option is intended to provide a guideline to public sector owners in assessing and determining the viability of a PPP approach for delivering infrastructure projects. There are six main inter-related assessment frameworks that are subsets of the overall framework which examine: (1) Program level assessment; (2) Government objectives assessment; (3) Value for Money analysis; (4) Project level assessment; (5) Market assessment; and (6) Public sector organization capacity assessment. This research provides a new basis for future research and the findings of this research become the basis for assisting further development of frameworks, systems, protocols, and business structures for developing public-private partnerships