Synergus citriformis
Creators: name: Lobato-Vila, Irene
name: Equihua-Martínez, Armando
name: Estrada-Venegas, Edith G.
name: Cibrián-Tovar, David
name: Barrera-Ruíz, Uriel M.
name: Pujade-Villar, Juli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Cynipidae
Synergus
Synergus citriformis

description: Synergus citriformis (Ashmead, 1885)
Ceroptres citriformis Ashmead, 1885. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 12: 300. Type material: USNM [examined by the first author in Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar (2017)].
Synergus niger Fullaway, 1911. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 4: 369. Type material: CAS (lectotype), paralectotypes in CAS and USNM [examined by the first author in Lobato-Vila et al. (2020b)]. Synonymized by Lobato-Vila et al. (2020b).
Synergus citriformis: Weld (1922). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 61 (18): 26.
Synergus elegans Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, 2011. Zootaxa 2774: 4. Type material: MNCN (holotype), paratypes in MNCN and MEUP [examined by the first author in Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar (2017)]. Synonymized by Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar (2017: 6).
Material examined (12♂ & 16♀). New material collected in Mexico and deposited in UB with the following location data: MEX: 136, ‘La Mojonera’, Parque Africam Safari (Tecali de Herrera, PUE), 18°56’14.872’’N, 98°8’13.533’’W, Ex. Amphibolips hidalgoensis, Ex. Q. acutifolia, (iv.2012) v.2012, Lilia Ramírez-Santamaría leg.: 10♂ & 16♀; MEX: 351, Tlacotepec de Benito Juárez (PUE), 18°41’3.84’’N, 97°39’11.88’’W, Ex. Andricus nievesaldreyi, Q. obtusata, (08.vi.2013), vi.2013, Alondra leg.: 2♂.
Diagnosis. Synergus citriformis is morphologically close to S. longiscapus Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila, 2017 (see below), from which differs mainly by having scape shorter than F1 and F1 1.3 times as long as F 2 in both sexes (scape long, longer than F 1 in females and about as long as F 1 in males, and F1 as long as F 2 in females and just slightly longer in males of S. longiscapus) and the transfacial line 1.3 times as long as height of compound eye (about as long as height of compound eye in S. longiscapus) (see the diagnosis of S. longiscapus and the identification key); also, to S. cibriani Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila, 2017 and S. longimalaris Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila, 2017 (see below), whose main differences have already been commented on (see the diagnosis of S. cibriani and the identification key).
Brief redescription. Female antenna 14-segmented, male antenna 15-segmented; F1 1.3 times as long as F2; F1 of males slightly curved and expanded apically and basally; face wide, trapezoid-shaped, transfacial line about 1.3 times as long as height of compound eyes; malar space 0.6 times as long as height of compound eye; frons and vertex finely coriaceous, without punctures, shiny; frontal carinae absent; both mesoscutum and scutellum finely coriaceous to imbricated; notauli narrow and incomplete, faint in the anterior 1/3; scutellar foveae inconspicuous or absent; circumscutellar carina well defined, upturned and somewhat projected; mesopleurae basally and medially regularly striate, speculum smooth; metasoma not dorsodistally incised, pointed and without micropunctures or just with scarce posterodorsal micropunctures not forming a true patch; radial cell ambiguously closed, 2.4 times as long as wide; tarsal claws with a basal tooth; body black and yellow. For more details on the morphology of this species, see Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar (2017).
Distribution. USA (states of Florida and California) (Ashmead 1885; Fullaway 1911; McCracken & Egbert 1922), Panama (Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero 2011) and Mexico (states of Aguascalientes, Ciudad de México, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz and Zacatecas) (Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar 2017; Lobato-Vila et al. 2020b; and in this work, see the material examined).
Biology. Mainly associated with galls of Amphibolips on oaks of the Lobatae section, but also with woolly galls initiated by Andricus, Striatoandricus (a new Cynipini genus raised by Cuesta-Porta et al. (2020) to include some previously known species within Andricus), and Cynips, and with other gall morphotypes (never tuberous galls) initiated by Andricus, Atrusca, Cynips, Disholcaspis, Dros and Loxaulus on oaks of both Quercus and Lobatae sections (Ashmead 1885; McCracken & Egbert 1922; Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero 2011; Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar 2017; Lobato-Vila et al. 2020b; and in this work, see the material examined).
Remarks. Synergus citriformis was examined and commented in Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar (2017) and commented also in Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar (2018) and Lobato-Vila et al. (2020b).
description: Published as part of Lobato-Vila, Irene, Equihua-Martínez, Armando, Estrada-Venegas, Edith G., Cibrián-Tovar, David, Barrera-Ruíz, Uriel M. & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2020, Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4822 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4450519