cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Causal structure and quantum gravity
Creators: name: Jubb, Ian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: In this thesis we will investigate the problem of quantum gravity from a variety of directions. Each avenue we explore begins at the quantum gravity path integral, and throughout our investigations the notion of spacetime causal structure will frequently appear. After a brief introduction to the path integral for quantum gravity we will present several of the concepts behind Causal Set Theory - an approach to quantum gravity in which the continuum spacetime is replaced by a discrete structure. We will then familiarise ourselves with the gravitational action that appears in the path integral, and its necessary boundary terms, in preparation for our discussion of the analogous quantities in Causal Set Theory. In particular, we will focus on the boundary terms in the causal set action and propose causal set expressions for the case of a spacelike boundary. We will then formulate causal set expressions to encode other boundary geometry, and conclude our discussion of the causal set action by investigating what boundary terms, if any, are present in the current proposal for the bulk causal set action. Finally, we will return to the continuum quantum gravity path integral and explore whether the sum over spacetimes should include spacetimes which exhibit spatial topology change. To attempt to answer this question we will focus our attention on the simple case of the trousers spacetime, and use the Sorkin-Johnston formalism to study a scalar quantum field theory living on the spacetime.
Adaptive Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics: Methodology II
Creators: name: Owen, J. Michael
name: Villumsen, Jens V.
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
name: Martel, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an alternative formulation of the ASPH algorithm for evolving anisotropic smoothing kernels, in which the geometric approach of Shapiro et al. (1996; Paper I) is replaced by an approach involving a local transformation of coordinates to those in which the underlying anisotropic volume changes appear to be isotropic. The ASPH method is presented in 2D and 3D, including a number of details not previously included in Paper I, some of which represent either advances or different choices with respect to Paper I. Among the advances included here are an asynchronous time-integration scheme with different time steps for different particles and the generalization of the ASPH method to 3D. The shock-tracking algorithm described in Paper I for locally adapting the artificial viscosity to restrict viscous heating just to particles encountering shocks, is not included here. Instead, we adopt a different interpolation kernel for use with the artificial viscosity, which has the effect of spatially localizing effects of the artificial viscosity. This version of the ASPH method in 2D and 3D is then applied to a series of 1D, 2D, and 3D test problems, and the results are compared to those of standard SPH applied to the same problems. These include the problem of cosmological pancake collapse, the Riemann shock tube, cylindrical and spherical Sedov blast waves, the collision of two strong shocks, and problems involving shearing disks intended to test the angular momentum conservation properties of the method. These results further support the idea that ASPH has significantly better resolving power than standard SPH for a wide range of problems, including that of cosmological structure formation. (Abridged)
description: 92 pages, includes 58 Postscript figures. Accepted for ApJS. Several discussions expanded and 3-D tests added compared with previous version. Higher resolution version available at http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~owen/Pubs.html . Inquiries to mikeowen@llnl.gov
Dots and Boxes Algorithm for Peierls Substitution: Application to Multidomain Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Díaz-Bonifaz, Ricardo Y.
name: Ramírez, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic fields can be introduced into discrete models of quantum systems by the Peierls substitution. For tight-binding Hamiltonians, the substitution results in a set of (Peierls) phases that are usually calculated from the magnetic vector potential. As the potential is not unique, a convenient gauge can be chosen to fit the geometry and simplify calculations. However, if the magnetic field is non-uniform, finding a convenient gauge is challenging. In this work we propose to bypass the vector potential determination by calculating the Peierls phases exclusively from the gauge-invariant magnetic flux. The phases can be assigned following a graphic algorithm reminiscent of the paper and pencil game "dots and boxes". We showcase the method implementation by calculating the interference phenomenon in a modified Aharonov-Bohm ring and propose a phase assignation alternative to the Landau gauge to reproduce the Half Integer Quantum Hall Effect in graphene. A non-uniform magnetic field case is addressed by considering a multi-domain Chern insulator to study the effects of domain walls in resistance and current quantization. It is found that adding decoherence and a finite temperature into the model results in quantized resistances that are in good agreement with experiments made with multi-domain intrinsic topological insulators.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures
Polarization Modes in a Strongly Magnetized Hydrogen Gas
Creators: name: Bulik, Tomasz
name: Pavlov, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of the normal modes in a strongly magnetized hydrogen gas for conditions expected in atmospheres of isolated neutron stars. We derive and compute the polarizations and absorption coefficients of the normal modes from the polarizabily tensor using both analytical approximations and numerical calculations. We find that the spectral features and anisotropy associated with the bound-bound and bound-free transitions in the magnetized hydrogen are manifested in the polarization characteristics, which affects substantially the spectral and angular dependences of the absorption coefficients of the normal modes and the transfer of radiation in neutron star atmospheres.
description: LaTeX uses AAS macros, 30 pages, 8 postscript figures in a separate file
Efficient Composite Infrared Spectroscopy: Combining the Doubly-Harmonic Approximation with Machine Learning Potentials
Creators: name: Pracht, Philipp
name: Pillai, Yuthika
name: Kapil, Venkat
name: Csányi, Gábor
name: Gönnheimer, Nils
name: Vondrák, Martin
name: Margraf, Johannes T.
name: Wales, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vibrational spectroscopy is a cornerstone technique for molecular characterization and offers an ideal target for the computational investigation of molecular materials. Building on previous comprehensive assessments of efficient methods for infrared (IR) spectroscopy, this study investigates the predictive accuracy and computational efficiency of gas-phase IR spectra calculations, accessible through a combination of modern semiempirical quantum mechanical and transferable machine learning potentials. A composite approach for IR spectra prediction based on the doubly-harmonic approximation, utilizing harmonic vibrational frequencies in combination squared derivatives of the molecular dipole moment, is employed. This approach allows for methodical flexibility in the calculation of IR intensities from molecular dipoles and the corresponding vibrational modes. Various methods are systematically tested to suggest a suitable protocol with an emphasis on computational efficiency. Among these methods, semiempirical extended tight-binding (xTB) models, classical charge equilibrium models, and machine learning potentials trained for dipole moment prediction are assessed across a diverse dataset of organic molecules. We particularly focus on the recently reported machine learning potential MACE-OFF23 to address the accuracy limitations of conventional low-cost quantum mechanical and force-field methods. This study aims to establish a standard for the efficient computational prediction of IR spectra, facilitating the rapid and reliable identification of unknown compounds and advancing automated analytical workflows in chemistry.
Roles of Hyperons in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Balberg, Shmuel
name: Lichtenstadt, Itamar
name: Cook, Gregory. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the roles the presence of hyperons in the cores of neutron stars may play in determining global properties of these stars. The study is based on estimates that hyperons appear in neutron star matter at about twice the nuclear saturation density, and emphasis is placed on effects that can be attributed to the general multi-species composition of the matter, hence being only weakly dependent on the specific modeling of strong interactions. Our analysis indicates that hyperon formation not only softens the equation of state but also severely constrains its values at high densities. Correspondingly, the valid range for the maximum neutron star mass is limited to about 1.5-1.8 $M_\odot$, which is a much narrower range than available when hyperon formation is ignored. Effects concerning neutron star radii and rotational evolution are suggested, and we demonstrate that the effect of hyperons on the equation of state allows a reconciliation of observed pulsar glitches with a low neutron star maximum mass. We discuss the effects hyperons may have on neutron star cooling rates, including recent results which indicate that hyperons may also couple to a superfluid state in high density matter. We compare nuclear matter to matter with hyperons and show that once hyperons accumulate in neutron star matter they reduce the likelihood of a meson condensate, but increase the susceptibility to baryon deconfinement, which could result in a mixed baryon-quark matter phase.
description: 36 pages including 10 eps figures; accepted for publication in ApJS
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0180r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0180r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0180r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Robust statistical deformable models
Creators: name: Antonakos, Epameinondas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: During the last few years, we have witnessed tremendous advances in the field of 2D Deformable Models for the problem of landmark localization. These advances, which are mainly reported on the task of face alignment, have created two major and opposing families of methodologies. On the one hand, there are the generative Deformable Models that utilize a Newton-type optimization. This family of techniques has attracted extensive research effort during the last two decades, but has lately been criticized of achieving inaccurate performance. On the other hand, there is the currently predominant family of discriminative Deformable Models that treat the problem of landmark localization as a regression problem. These techniques commonly employ cascaded linear regression and have proved to be very accurate. In this thesis, we argue that even though generative Deformable Models are less accurate than discriminative, they are still very valuable for several tasks. In the first part of the thesis, we propose two novel generative Deformable Models. In the second part of the thesis, we show that the combination of generative and discriminative Deformable Models achieves state-of-the-art results on the tasks of (i) landmark localization and (ii) semi-supervised annotation of large visual data.
Bubble Formation in Vegetable Oil-filled Power Transformers
Creators: name: CAESAR YUDHA PERKASA
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90607 Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Renewable Power)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: It is important to understand bubble formation during transformer overload or its initial energisation, as it can lead to the failure of the unit. This phenomenon has been investigated in a mineral oil system, but not in a vegetable oil system. Vegetable oil is thought to be able to better resist bubble formation than mineral oil. This study investigated bubble formation during overload temperatures in a vegetable oil system, and the results were then compared to a mineral oil system which was studied previously using similar test equipment and method.
Propagation of rotational rifts across rheological heterogeneities: Insights from 3D analogue models
Creators: name: NICOLAS ESTEBAN MOLNAR
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 40312 Structural Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40313 Tectonics
subject: Geology
subject: 40402 Geodynamics

description: When continents are pulled by moving lithospheric plates they break into pieces that drift apart to form new oceans. This is an integral part of the theory of plate tectonics, but many aspects of this process are still poorly understood. Using different materials, I physically simulate geological processes that last millions of years in nature in the laboratory. Comparison of my models with nature allows me to better understand how and why continents break up, with particular interest in cases when such continents are internally heterogeneous from a mechanical point of view.
Mergus albellus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Mergus
Mergus albellus

description: Mergus albellus [spec. nov.]
M. crista dependente subtus nigra, corpore albo, dorso nigro, alis variegatis.
Mergus Tinus. Hasselq. iter. 268.
Mergus major cirrhatus. Raj. av. 135.
Serrator minimus, capite niveo, cervice genisque nigris. Klein. av. 140.
Albellus alter. Aldr. orn. l. 19. p. 378. Alb. av. 1. p. 85. t. 89. Will. orn. 254. t. 64.
Habitat in Europa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 129, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Robotic pipe inspection: system design, locomotion and control
Creators: name: Blyth, William Alexander
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The structural integrity of an industrial plant is a key safety and economic consideration for operators in many sectors including: power generation, oil and gas and petrochemical. To ensure safe operation, the plant often undergoes scheduled inspection using Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods to detect, size and locate defects such as cracks in welds or corrosion, with the accuracy and repeatability of inspections being critical to monitoring defect growth. Considering the significant cost of plant downtime for inspection, there is an economic benefit to be gained by increasing the speed of inspections, alongside reducing access requirements. Robotic NDT aims to address some of these issues, with an increase in inspection speed, repeatability and accuracy, and the added potential to remove human operators from hazardous environments. Conventional mobile climbing robots are limited by their manoeuvrability, with lateral drift, gravitational effects and continuous motion being particular issues that remain challenging in the context of complex geometries. This thesis aims to investigate the potential for enhanced mobility in mobile climbing robots to precisely follow inspection paths on cylindrical surfaces in various orientations, without drift. This has been done through the development of a reduced actuation mecanum wheel platform, using magnetic adhesion and external position encoding, allowing full translational motion whilst using kinematic and geometric constraints to prevent rotation. Through dynamic modelling of the platform, a model based control structure has been synthesised, allowing for improved consistency of performance in all orientations. The platform has been applied to representative inspection paths and used to conduct ultrasonic inspection of test samples, with the capability to correct for lateral drift and cover large inspection areas, improving the inspection accuracy and area coverage over conventional systems, without requiring operator intervention.
MyGene2 automated match report: KDM5C
Creators: name: Team, The MyGene2
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110311 Medical Genetics (excl. Cancer Genetics)
subject: FOS: Basic medicine

description: MyGene2.org is free, public, searchable & browsable website. Families with rare genetic conditions, clinicians, and researchers families who are interested in sharing health and genetic information can create MyGene2 profiles and use these to connect with other families, clinicians, and researchers who may have or be studying the same condition. If multiple MyGene2 profiles potentially match on a shared gene of interest, MyGene2 automatically generates a match report summarizing the information in these profiles. This automated match report is shared publicly to help facilitate further research and/or connections between the submitters of the MyGene2 profiles and other interested parties. This is an automated match report for KDM5C.
A novel approach to quantum transition rate theory using open quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Liverani, Chiara
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This work is about a quantum-mechanical generalisation of transition rate theory that accounts for temperature-dependent quantum-dynamical effects. The starting point of this investigation is a formulation of the classical transmission coefficient where the activated dynamics is needed to obtain the time evolution of the classical state function and the rate is expressed as an average flux in momentum space. Traditional approaches to quantum transition rate theory are briefly discussed, with emphasis on the fact that these do not generally require knowledge of the open quantum dynamics. The latter can be studied by means of the Lindblad equation for mixed states, which is shown to be analogous to an average over realisations of a certain type of stochastic Schrödinger dynamics. The stochastic evolution in Hilbert space is used in combination with an ansatz for the wave function as a Gaussian wave packet to show that under appropriate assumptions the stochastic Schrödinger equation converges to the classical Langevin equation. A novel formulation of the quantum transmission coefficient is presented which features a quantum-mechanical version of the state function obtained via the density operator, so that the activated quantum dynamics can be taken into account by solving the Lindblad equation. A numerical investigation of the quantum transmission coefficient thus obtained for different temperatures is carried out, along with a comparison to the classical results. The quantum-mechanical transmission coefficient is found to display some expected features, such as vanishing in the limit as t → 0, displaying a “plateau” value for certain values of the temperature, and decaying to zero exponentially fast when the fundamental assumptions of TRT do not hold. Additionally the plateau value of the quantum transmission coefficient is found to be smaller than the classical counterpart in all regimes, and to approach the corresponding classical value in the limit of large temperatures.
Investigating melt emplacement, storage, and evolution in the shallow crust beneath active volcanic centres using thermo-mechanical modelling of repetitive sill intrusions
Creators: name: Roele, Katarina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of melt distribution in the crust is crucial in providing insight into the development of sub-volcanic crustal stratigraphy and composition. A quantitative model of heat and mass transport through a compacting, highly crystalline crustal mush created through repetitive intrusions of is presented. In contrast with previous static models of heat transfer in the crust, it is found that realistic, intermediate emplacement rates are capable of forming persistent high melt fractions in the shallow crust. The structure of the high melt fraction volumes consists of crystal-poor lenses within a crystalline matrix, where the lenses accumulate through segregation at the top of the system, bounded by the solidus isotherm. Melt distributions predicted by thermo-mechanical modelling provide evidence for the emerging concept of mushmatism and its dominant role in the lifecycle of shallow crustal magma reservoirs. Results of the thermo-mechanical model are benchmarked against those of static models and used to estimate velocities across sub-volcanic systems. Velocity anomalies are estimated using a combination of Karato's method and Berryman's self-consistent approach. Comparison between the velocity profiles estimated from the thermo-mechanical model and those developed using a static model to match recorded data from the SEA-CALIPSO seismic experiment show that lower emplacement rates of only 10 mmpa, compared with 750 mmpa in the static model, are required to produce the same velocity signature when melt segregation is accounted for. Resulting velocity models are used to generate synthetic seismic data for a full waveform inversion (FWI) using a starting model recovered from a synthetic travel-time inversion produced with the software package tomo2d. The resulting velocity model recovered using FWI investigates its potential use in recovering the fine-scale structure of sub-volcanic plumbing systems and the maximum inversion frequency at which a full-scale 3D FWI at active volcanic centres could be implemented.
Jeans and Boltzmann Solutions for Oblate Galaxies with Flat Rotation Curves
Creators: name: de Zeeuw, P. T.
name: Evans, N. W.
name: Schwarzschild, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general solution of the Jeans equations for oblate scale-free logarithmic potentials is given. This provides all possible second velocity moments that can hold up a stellar population of flattened scale-free density against the gravity field. A two-parameter subset of second moments for the self-consistent density of Binney's model is examined in detail. These solutions have the desirable property that the observable dispersions in the radial and proper motions can be given explicitly. In the spherical limit, the potential of these models reduces to that of the singular isothermal sphere. The Jeans solutions for scale-free densities of arbitrary flattening that can correspond to physical three-integral distribution functions are identified. The problem of finding distribution functions associated with the Jeans solutions in flattened scale-free logarithmic potentials is then investigated for Binney's model. An approximate solution of the collisionless Boltzmann equation is found which provides a third (partial) integral of good accuracy for thin and near-thin tube orbits. It is a modification of the total angular momentum. This enables the construction of many simple three-integral distribution functions. The kinematic properties of these approximate DFs are shown to agree with a subset of the Jeans solutions --- which are thereby confirmed as good approximations to physical solutions.
description: 15 pages, compressed postscript file with 7 figures
New horizon in the statistical physics of earthquakes: Dragon-king theory and dragon-king earthquakes
Creators: name: Li, Jiawei
name: Sornette, Didier
name: Wu, Zhongliang
name: Li, Hangwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic quantitative investigation into whether the mechanisms of large earthquakes are unique could significantly deepen our understanding of fault rupture and seismicity patterns. This research holds the potential to advance our ability to predict large earthquakes and enhance the effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. In 2009, one of us introduced the dragon-king theory, offering a quantitative framework for identifying and testing extreme outliers-referred to as dragon-king events-that are endogenously generated. This theory provides valuable tools for explaining, predicting, and managing the risks associated with these rare but highly impactful events. The present paper discusses the feasibility of applying this theory to seismology, proposing that dragon-king earthquake events can be identified as outliers to the Gutenberg-Richter law. It also examines several seismological mechanisms that may contribute to the occurrence of these extraordinary events. Although applying the dragon-king theory to seismology presents practical challenges, it offers the potential to significantly enrich statistical seismology. By reexamining the classification of earthquake rupture types through a statistical testing lens and integrating these insights with underlying physical mechanisms, this approach can greatly enhance the analytical tools and depth of research in the field of statistical seismology.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
Long-Term Scintillation Studies of Pulsars: II. Refractive Effects and the Spectrum of Plasma Density Fluctuations
Creators: name: Bhat, N. D. Ramesh
name: Gupta, Yashwant
name: Rao, A. Pramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Refractive scintillation effects are powerful techniques for discriminating between different models proposed for the electron density fluctuation spectrum in the ISM. Data from our long-term scintillation study of 18 pulsars in the DM range 3-35 pc cm^{-3} (Paper I) are used to investigate two important observable effects of refractive scintillation: (i) modulations of DISS observables and flux, and (ii) drifting bands. Our data provide simultaneous measurements of decorrelation bandwidth, scintillation time scale, flux density and drift slope of patterns. The observed modulations of the first 3 are compared with the theoretical predictions, and constraints are placed on the density spectral form. The measured modulation indices are larger than predicted by a Kolmogorov form. Measurements of drift slopes and DISS parameters are used to independently estimate the slope of the density spectrum, which is found to be consistent with a Kolmogorov form for several pulsars.The contradictory results from these 2 independent methods are not reconcilable with the simple theoretical models. Our observations show anomalous behaviour like persistent drifting bands for some pulsars.This can be interpreted as an excess power in the low wavenumber range (~10^{-12} - 10^{-13} m^{-1}) compared to the Kolmogorov expectations or the existence of localized density structures.The results from our observations and those from the earlier studies are examined for understanding the overall nature of the density spectrum.The emerging picture is a Kolmogorov-like form in the wavenumber range ~10^{-6} m^{-1} to ~10^{-11} m^{-1}, which either steepens or has a bump near ~ 10^{-12} - 10^{-13} m^{-1}. We also discuss possible implications of our results for the current theoretical models.
description: 42 pages, 5 Figures (7 pages), 10 Tables, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Diversity of beetles across a land-use gradient in Sabah, Malaysia
Creators: name: Sharp, Adam Christian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Borneo is one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet but half of Borneo’s forest has been logged and millions of hectares replaced by oil palm plantation. Decomposing biodiversity into its underlying component parts may reveal mechanisms by which diversity loss might be mitigated. I sampled beetles (order: Coleoptera) at the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems Project in Sabah to quantify shifts in biodiversity associated with logging and clearing of tropical lowland forest for oil palm plantation. While logged forest maintained high species richness, the beetle species which persisted there were of lower conservation value. Beta-diversity mitigated losses in alpha-diversity in heavily-logged forest to some extent, and in multiple beetle taxa beta-diversity was greatest in that habitat. In both logged and unlogged forest, high beta-diversity was maintained through balanced variation in community composition. Oil palm plantations supported very few beetle species and although beta-diversity remained high, that beta-diversity was attributed to fluxes in the abundances of common species. At small spatial scales, forest quality and topographic roughness were significant determinants of beta-diversity. In unlogged forest, analysis of beta-diversity revealed sites of distinct ecological communities relevant to some that appeared to be defined by microclimate. At larger scales, spatial turnover in community composition was the strongest contributor to diversity followed by habitat structure, microclimate and then topography. Oil palm plantations are of low value and large areas of unlogged forest are evidently of highest value for the conservation of biodiversity. Degraded forest retains remarkable diversity through shifts in the spatial arrangement of ecological communities, and thus I recommend that small areas of even heavily-logged forest should be preserved where they are created in agricultural matrices. Future studies on land-use change in Borneo should incorporate beta-diversity into their designs as the component reveals mechanisms by which diversity loss might be mitigated.
Monte Carlo simulations of dusty spiral galaxies: extinction and polarization properties
Creators: name: Bianchi, Simone
name: Ferrara, Andrea
name: Giovanardi, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Monte Carlo simulations of dusty spiral galaxies, modelled as bulge + disk systems, aimed to study their extinction and polarization properties. The extinction parameters (absorption and scattering) of dust grains are calculated from Mie's theory for a full distribution of sizes and materials; the radiation transfer is carried on for the four Stokes parameters. Photometric and polarimetric maps of galaxies of different optical depths, inclinations and bulge-to-total ratios have been produced in the B and I bandpasses. As expected, the effect of scattering is to reduce substantially the extinction for a given optical depth, in particular for what concerns the obscuration of bright bulge cores. For the same reason, scattering reduces also the reddening, as evaluated from B-I maps. On the other hand the bluing directly due to forward scattering is hardly appreciable. Radial color gradients are often found. A comparison with ``sandwich'' models shows that they fail dramatically to reproduce the extinction - optical depth relation. The degree of linear polarization produced by scattering is usually of the order of a few percent; it increases with optical depth, and with inclination (less than 80 degrees). The polarization pattern is always perpendicular to the major axis, unless the dust distribution is drastically modified. There is little local correlation between extinction and polarization degree and there is a trend of increasing polarization from the B to the I band. We discuss implications and relevance of the results for studies of the structure and morphology of spiral galaxies and of their interstellar medium.
description: 43 pages, 13 Postscript figures, Latex AAS manuscript substyle, Ap. J. Accepted
Systematics of Libertia (Iridaceae)
Creators: name: McIntyre, Spencer Malcolm
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Botany
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Author's note: It should be noted that the biogeography section of this paper would be reworked moving forward, and readers should be cautious with information contained within it.
 Libertia Spreng. is a genus of monocotyledonous perennial herbs of bicentric distribution, from Australasia and South America. It contains sixteen species, with seven found in South America, seven endemic to New Zealand, one endemic to Australia, and one found in New Zealand, Tasmania, Australia, and New Guinea. Two species, L. flaccidifolia Blanchon and Weaver and L. cranwelliae Blanchon, Murray, and Braggins, are listed as Nationally Critical in New Zealand and L. peregrinans Cockayne and Allan is listed as Nationally Vulnerable. No South American species has been assessed for conservation status. The genus is best defined by its uniform n=19 chromosome count cytologically and 6 paired tepals morphologically. Polyploidy and hybridization have played a critical role in the development of Libertia as a genus. Polyploidy is extremely common in perennial herbs, particularly the tribe Sisyrinchiae. In Libertia, only two of the eleven studied species are diploid, the remaining nine ranging from tetraploid to dodecaploid. The higher levels of polyploidy are particularly common in New Zealand, with all seven endemics being either hexaploid or dodecaploid. These levels of polyploidy are suggestive of a historic retreat into mountains during New Zealand’s glacial periods, as polyploids are more productive and reproductively successful than diploids in high altitudes. Further study should include a phylogenetic study of Libertia, necessary to establish clades and relations intragenerically. Future research in Libertia should put a focus on South American studies, in particular the identification of clades within L. chilensis (Molina) Gunckel and the confirmation of chromosome count within the Juan Fernandez Islands group of L. chilensis. Establishment of a united and publicly available species description for the South American species is necessary as well.
Characterisation of HIV reservoirs in blood and gut association lymphoid tissue
Creators: name: Thornhill, John
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved survival for people living with HIV (PLWH). However, a stable pool of latently infected cells precludes a cure. Initiation of ART during primary infection (PHI) has been used as a strategy to limit seeding of the HIV reservoir and enhance immune recovery. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is targeted early in HIV infection with significant immune damage and remains one of the principal sites of latent HIV infection on ART. However, data characterising immune recovery & the HIV reservoir in the GALT of these early treated individuals are lacking. Using concurrent peripheral blood (PBMC) and biopsy samples from the terminal ileum and rectum, I characterised the HIV reservoir across anatomical sites in treated PHI. I tested the hypothesis that ART initiated in PHI results in normalisation of immune parameters across anatomical sites. Furthermore, I characterised cellular populations known to support HIV persistence and tested for associations between HIV DNA and gut markers of inflammation and immune dysfunction. This thesis provides evidence of compartmentalised immune recovery in treated PHI with enhanced recovery in the PBMC compartment compared to GALT. Furthermore, the burden of latent HIV infection was highest in the terminal ileum compared to all other sites. Markers of inflammation, bacterial translocation and TFH lineage associated with HIV DNA in GALT while markers of T cell exhaustion did not. Even when started in PHI, ART did not normalise markers of immune function in GALT, and HIV DNA persisted at high levels in GALT despite years of suppressive ART. Bacterial translocation and the B cell - T cell interaction may contribute to HIV persistence in GALT. A better understanding of the drivers of viral persistence and immune dysfunction in GALT can inform the design of future HIV cure approaches.
Vegetation ecology and conservation of potential turlough systems in the East Burren Complex SAC, Co. Clare
Creators: name: McIntyre, Spencer Malcolm
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 70399 Crop and Pasture Production not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries
subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 50206 Environmental Monitoring
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50211 Wildlife and Habitat Management

description: Turloughs, the ephemeral lakes of Ireland, are unique landforms found in karstic limestone environments that form a dynamic habitat. By flooding seasonally, turloughs support a distinct flora that is capable of withstanding a highly variable environment. The Geological Survey of Ireland recognized 304 turloughs in 2006, and a further one has been designated in Wales. Turloughs are priority habitats under the EU Habitats Directive (2013) and thus turloughs designated as qualifying interests require monitoring. In this study, a group of small depressions in the limestone pavements of the East Burren SAC, Co. Clare were assessed to determine if the features function as turloughs and necessitate ongoing monitoring.
 The southern Mullaghmore site is made up of seven features to the south of Mullaghmore, and scattered across the limestone grasslands and pavements between Lough Cuil Reasc and Travann Lough. The features were mapped and surveyed for vegetation community composition through quadrats representing a minimum 2% of the area of the feature. Vegetation communities were then assembled through non-metric scaling (NMS) ordination and indicator species analysis (ISA) to represent the vegetation of each individual feature and allow for identification of an inundation gradient where present. These communities and species of indicator or conservation interest were then related to previous turlough studies. The southern Mullaghmore site holds high levels of diversity in these small landforms, with several unique features showing turlough-like function, with distinctly diverse vegetation communities. Feature #1 in particular was shown to resemble a turlough and should be further studied and monitored for changes to its conservation status, in relation to its pressures.
title: 02_0369
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
The growth of linear perturbations in generic defect models for structure formation
Creators: name: Avelino, P. P.
name: de Carvalho, J. P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the growth of linear perturbations induced by a generic causal scaling source as a function of the cosmological parameters $h$, $Ω^m_0$ and $Ω^Λ_0$. We show that for wavenumbers $k \gsim 0.01 h/Mpc$ the spectrum of density and velocity perturbations scale in a similar way to that found in inflationary models with primordial perturbations. We show that this result is independent of the more or less incoherent nature of the source, the small scale power spectrum of the source and of deviations from scaling which naturally occur at late times if $Ω^m_0 \neq 1$.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Fontenay, second fragment (XIIIe siècle), Cart. 201 (15 H 9), folios 47-142, f. 072r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2009
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire de Fontenay, second fragment (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 201 (15 H 9), folios 47-142. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Fontenay, second fragment (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 201 (15 H 9), folios 47-142, f. 072r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Fontenay
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q464918
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119679755
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/7874015
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/027691802/id
Protecting aquatic diversity in deforested tropical landscapes
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Clare Lucy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Global biodiversity is being lost due to extensive, anthropogenic land-use change. In Southeast Asia, biodiversity-rich forests are being logged and converted to oil-palm monocultures. The impacts of land-use change on freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity, remains largely understudied and poorly understood. I investigated the impacts of logging and conversion of tropical forest in 35 streams across a land-use gradient on freshwater fishes, a useful biotic indicator group, and a vital provisioning ecosystem service. This research was extended to quantify the benefits of riparian reserves in disturbed landscapes, and examine the interaction of land-use change with extreme climatic events. There are four key findings from this research. (1) Any modification of primary rainforest is associated with a loss of fish species and functional richness. (2) Streams in oil-palm plantations with riparian reserves of high forest quality, and a width of > 64m on either side, retain higher species richness and higher abundances of individual fish species. (3) Although relatively low in species richness, streams in oil-palm plantations retain high biomass of freshwater fish that is readily captured using cast nets (the primary method used by local people), providing an important protein source and supplementary income to local communities. (4) An extreme El Niño drought interacted antagonistically with land-use change, reducing the capture rate of N. everetti, one of the most common species in my study area. These results illustrate the critical impacts of land-use change on tropical freshwater ecosystems, and highlight the need to ensure riparian reserves are retained and primary forested areas are protected. Such actions will be needed to maintain freshwater diversity in modified tropical landscapes. Despite the impacts on fish communities due to land-use change, abundant, tolerant species appear to be resilient to climate-based stressors, while fish in headwater streams represent a sustainable food-resource for communities in human-modified landscapes.