cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Proton-Rich Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium
Creators: name: Seitenzahl, I. R.
name: Timmes, F. X.
name: Marin-Laflèche, A.
name: Brown, E.
name: Magkotsios, G.
name: Truran, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proton-rich material in a state of nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE) is one of the least studied regimes of nucleosynthesis. One reason for this is that after hydrogen burning, stellar evolution proceeds at conditions of equal number of neutrons and protons or at a slight degree of neutron-richness. Proton-rich nucleosynthesis in stars tends to occur only when hydrogen-rich material that accretes onto a white dwarf or neutron star explodes, or when neutrino interactions in the winds from a nascent proto-neutron star or collapsar-disk drive the matter proton-rich prior to or during the nucleosynthesis. In this paper we solve the NSE equations for a range of proton-rich thermodynamic conditions. We show that cold proton-rich NSE is qualitatively different from neutron-rich NSE. Instead of being dominated by the Fe-peak nuclei with the largest binding energy per nucleon that have a proton to nucleon ratio close to the prescribed electron fraction, NSE for proton-rich material near freeze-out temperature is mainly composed of Ni56 and free protons. Previous results of nuclear reaction network calculations rely on this non-intuitive high proton abundance, which this paper will explain. We show how the differences and especially the large fraction of free protons arises from the minimization of the free energy as a result of a delicate competition between the entropy and the nuclear binding energy.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Color Octet Scalar Production at the LHC
Creators: name: Gresham, Moira I.
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New physics at the weak scale that can couple to quarks typically gives rise to unacceptably large flavor changing neutral currents. An attractive way to avoid this problem is to impose the principal of minimal flavor violation (MFV). Recently it was noted that in MFV only scalars with the same gauge quantum numbers as the standard model Higgs doublet or color octet scalars with the same weak quantum numbers as the Higgs doublet can couple to quarks. In this paper we compute the one-loop rate for production of a single color octet scalar through gluon fusion at the LHC, which can become greater than the tree level pair production rate for octet scalar masses around a TeV. We also calculate the precision electroweak constraint from Z decays to a b and anti-b quark; this constraint on color octet mass and Yukawa coupling affects the allowed range for single octet scalar production through gluon fusion.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Mobility
Creators: name: Haddington, Pentti
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2022
Subjects: Conversation Analysis
Encyclopedia
Ethnomethodology
Interactional Linguistics

description: In Conversation Analysis, the term mobility is used in the context of how social participants talk and interact while moving from one place to another. Conversation Analytic work on mobility focuses specifically on whole-body movement through space and is thus distinct from analyses of body part movements (e.g., gestures or shifts in body orientation). It also embraces not just walking bodies, but bodies that are being transported or conducting various forms of transportation.
Fast optimal trajectory generation for a tiltwing VTOL aircraft with application to urban air mobility
Creators: name: Doff-Sotta, Martin
name: Cannon, Mark
name: Bacic, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We solve the minimum-thrust optimal trajectory generation problem for the transition of a tiltwing Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft using convex optimisation. The method is based on a change of differential operator that allows us to express the simplified point-mass dynamics along a prescribed path and formulate the original nonlinear problem in terms of a pair of convex programs. A case study involving the Airbus A3 Vahana VTOL aircraft is considered for forward and backward transitions. The presented approach provides a fast method to generate a safe optimal transition for a tiltwing VTOL aircraft that can further be leveraged online for control, and guidance purposes.
The $\mathbf{S}-\mathbf{D}$ mixing and di-electron widths of higher charmonium $\mathbf{1^{--}}$ states
Creators: name: Badalian, A. M.
name: Bakker, B. L. G.
name: Danilkin, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The di-electron widths of $ψ(4040)$, $ψ(4160)$, and $ψ(4415)$, and their ratios are shown to be in good agreement with experiment, if in all cases the $S-D$ mixing with a large mixing angle $θ\approx 34^\circ$ is taken. Arguments are presented why continuum states give small contributions to the wave functions at the origin. We find that the Y(4360) resonance, considered as a pure $3 {}^3D_1$ state, would have very small di-electron width, $Γ_{ee}(Y(4360))=0.060$ keV. On the contrary, for large mixing between the $4 {}^3S_1$ and $3 {}^3D_1$ states with the mixing angle $θ=34.8^\circ$, $Γ_{ee}(ψ(4415))=0.57$ keV coincides with the experimental number, while a second physical resonance, probably Y(4360), has also a rather large $Γ_{ee} (Y(\sim 4400))=0.61$ keV. For the higher resonance Y(4660), considered as a pure $5 {}^3S_1$ state, we predict the di-electron width $Γ_{ee}(Y(4660))=0.70$ keV, but it becomes significantly smaller, namely 0.31 keV, if the mixing angle between the $5 {}^3S_1$ and $4 {}^3D_1$ states $θ=34^\circ$. The mass and di-electron width of the $6 {}^3S_1$ charmonium state are calculated.
description: 19 pages, no figures
X-ray pulsars through the eyes of INTEGRAL
Creators: name: Lutovinov, A.
name: Tsygankov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results of the spectral and timing analysis of X-ray pulsars in hard X-rays with the INTEGRAL observatory are reviewed. The evolution of the cyclotron line energy with the source luminosity was studied in detail for the first time for several sources. It was shown that for V0332+53 this dependence is linear, but for 4U0115+63 and A0535+262 it is more complicated. There are some evidences of the "reverse" evolution for GX301-2 and Her X-1, and no evolution was found for Vela X-1, Cen X-3, etc. A strong dependence of the pulse fraction on the energy and source luminosity was revealed and studied in detail. A prominent feature in the pulse fraction dependence on the energy was discovered near the cyclotron frequency for several bright sources. The obtained results are compared with results of observations in standard X-rays and briefly discussed in terms of current models; some preliminary explanations are proposed.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Tracing birth properties of stars with abundance clustering
Creators: name: Ratcliffe, Bridget L.
name: Ness, Melissa K.
name: Buck, Tobias
name: Johnston, Kathryn V.
name: Sen, Bodhisattva
name: Silva, Leandro Beraldo e
name: Debattista, Victor P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand the formation and evolution of the Milky Way disk, we must connect its current properties to its past. We explore hydrodynamical cosmological simulations to investigate how the chemical abundances of stars might be linked to their origins. Using hierarchical clustering of abundance measurements in two Milky Way-like simulations with distributed and steady star formation histories, we find that abundance clusters of stars comprise different groups in birth place ($R_\text{birth}$) and time (age). Simulating observational abundance errors (0.05 dex), we find that to trace discrete groups of ($R_\text{birth}$, age) requires a large vector of abundances. Using 15-element abundances (Fe, O, Mg, S, Si, C, P, Mn, Ne, Al, N, V, Ba, Cr, Co), up to $\approx$ 10 clusters can be defined with $\approx$ 25% overlap in ($R_\text{birth}$, age). We build a simple model to show that it is possible to infer a star's age and $R_\text{birth}$ from abundances with precisions of $\pm$0.06 Gyr and $\pm$1.17 kpc respectively. We find that abundance clustering is ineffective for a third simulation, where low-$α$ stars form distributed in the disc and early high-$α$ stars form more rapidly in clumps that sink towards the galactic center as their constituent stars evolve to enrich the interstellar medium. However, this formation path leads to large age-dispersions across the [$α$/Fe]-[Fe/H] plane, which is inconsistent with the Milky Way's observed properties. We conclude that abundance clustering is a promising approach toward charting the history of our Galaxy.
description: Submitted to ApJ
A nonparametric control chart based on the Mann-Whitney statistic
Creators: name: Chakraborti, Subhabrata
name: van de Wiel, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62G30, 62-07, 62P30 (Primary)

description: Nonparametric or distribution-free charts can be useful in statistical process control problems when there is limited or lack of knowledge about the underlying process distribution. In this paper, a phase II Shewhart-type chart is considered for location, based on reference data from phase I analysis and the well-known Mann-Whitney statistic. Control limits are computed using Lugannani-Rice-saddlepoint, Edgeworth, and other approximations along with Monte Carlo estimation. The derivations take account of estimation and the dependence from the use of a reference sample. An illustrative numerical example is presented. The in-control performance of the proposed chart is shown to be much superior to the classical Shewhart $\bar{X}$ chart. Further comparisons on the basis of some percentiles of the out-of-control conditional run length distribution and the unconditional out-of-control ARL show that the proposed chart is almost as good as the Shewhart $\bar{X}$ chart for the normal distribution, but is more powerful for a heavy-tailed distribution such as the Laplace, or for a skewed distribution such as the Gamma. Interactive software, enabling a complete implementation of the chart, is made available on a website.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/193940307000000112 the IMS Collections (http://www.imstat.org/publications/imscollections.htm) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 1 of The stories about racism and health: the development of a framework for racism narratives in medical literature using a computational grounded theory approach
Creators: name: Figueroa, Caroline A.
name: Manalo-Pedro, Erin
name: Pola, Swetha
name: Darwish, Sajia
name: Sachdeva, Pratik
name: Guerrero, Christian
name: von Vacano, Claudia
name: Jha, Maithili
name: De Maio, Fernando
name: Kennedy, Chris J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Ettore Majorana's Inaugural Lecture on Theoretical Physics (Naples, Italy; Jan.13, 1938)
Creators: name: Preziosi, Bruno
name: Recami, Erasmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ettore Majorana was a member of Enrico Fermi's research group in Rome, Italy. Fermi did regard Majorana as much brihter than himself as far as theoretical physics was concerned (more information can be found particularly in the arXives' e-print physics/9810023, in Italian, and refs therein, and also in the recent multilanguage arXiv:0708.2855v1 [physics.hist-ph]). In 1937 Majorana partecipated in the national Italian competition, for a chair in theoretical phyics, requested by Emilio Segre' at that time at Palermo University: Other competitors being GC.Wick, G.Racah, and G.Gentile jr. After a proposal of the judging Commette, chaired by E.Fermi, Majorana got a full-professorship at Naples University, for exceptional scientific merits, outside the competition normal procedures. In this e-print we make known the notes prepared by Majorana for his Inaugural Lecture (and discovered long ago, in 1973, by one of the present editors (ER)),together with some comments of ours: everything being both in English (first article) and in Italian (second article, with a short Bibliography at its end). The present articles have been prepared on the occasion of the Centenary (2006) of Majorana's birth. The preliminary notes for his Inaugural Lecture reveal Majorana's interest not only for scientific research, but also for the best didactical methods to be followed in order to teach classical and quantum physics in the most effective way (while his approach to Special Relativity is known to us from his lecture notes, published elesewhere). P.S.: Il Riassunto in Italiano appare all'inizio della versione italiana.
description: bilingual submission of 34 pages: (i) article in English (16 pages), and (ii) article in Italian (18 pages). Edited, "finished" versions of these papers appeared as:
UN SISTEMA NOTAZIONALE CHE TENTA DI REGOLAMENTARE IL SIMBOLISMO MATEMATICO GENERALE
Creators: name: Bossi, Riccardo Jacopo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 490499
subject: Pure mathematics not elsewhere classified

description: In questo articolo, che non è un articolo di ricerca, andrò semplicemente a esporre una sistema di notazioni matematiche convenzionali che utilizzerò in tutti gli articoli di ricerca che scriverò e che ambisce a essere utilizzato da tutti i matematici, se non addirittura da tutti gli scienziati, della Terra. Questo sistema notazionale prende il nome di: siam. Questo sistema ritengo sia molto interessante, e pertanto sia utile che venga utilizzato dalla comunità scientifica, poiché introduce alcuni concetti estetico-stilistici inerenti a vari concetti matematici, che rendono questi ultimi potenzialmente molto più belli rispetto a quello che sono attualmente. Ciò per esempio, e in particolar modo, grazie ad una convenzione stilistica che ho chiamato "architettura italiana del siam" che esporrò e che è stata il motivo che mi ha spinto a sviluppare questo sistema.
Stirred Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with quenched random noise: Emergence of induced nonlinearity
Creators: name: Kakin, P. I.
name: Reiter, M. A.
name: Tumakova, M. M.
name: Gulitskiy, N. M.
name: Antonov, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stochastic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation for kinetic roughening where the time-independent (columnar or spatially quenched) Gaussian random noise $f(t,{\bf x})$ is specified by the pair correlation function $\langle f(t,{\bf x})f(t',{\bf x'}) \rangle \propto δ^{(d)} ({\bf x-x'})$, $d$ being the dimension of space. The field-theoretic renormalization group analysis shows that the effect of turbulent motion of the environment (modelled by the coupling with the velocity field described by the Kazantsev-Kraichnan statistical ensemble for an incompressible fluid) gives rise to a new nonlinear term, quadratic in the velocity field. It turns out that this "induced" nonlinearity strongly affects the scaling behaviour in several universality classes (types of long-time, large-scale asymptotic regimes) even when the turbulent advection appears irrelevant in itself. Practical calculation of the critical exponents (that determine the universality classes) is performed to the first order of the double expansion in $\varepsilon=4-d$ and the velocity exponent $ξ$ (one-loop approximation). As is the case with most "descendants" of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model, some relevant fixed points of the renormalization group equations lie in "forbidden zones," i.e. in those corresponding to negative kinetic coefficients or complex couplings. This persistent phenomenon in stochastic non-equilibrium models requires careful and inventive physical interpretation.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Molecules in the Circumstellar Disk Orbiting BP Piscium
Creators: name: Kastner, Joel H.
name: Zuckerman, B.
name: Forveille, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BP Psc is a puzzling late-type, emission-line field star with large infrared excess. The star is encircled and enshrouded by a nearly edge-on, dust circumstellar disk, and displays an extensive jet system similar to those associated with pre-main sequence (pre-MS) stars. We conducted a mm-wave molecular line survey of BP Psc with the 30 m telescope of the Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique (IRAM). We detected lines of 12CO and 13CO and, possibly, very weak emission from HCO+ and CN; HCN, H2CO, and SiO are not detected. The CO line profiles of BP Psc are well fit by a model invoking a disk in Keplerian rotation. The mimumum disk gas mass, inferred from the 12CO line intensity and 13CO/12CO line ratio, is ~0.1 Jupiter masses. The weakness of HCO+ and CN (relative to 13CO) stands in sharp contrast to the strong HCO+ and CN emission that characterizes most low-mass, pre-main sequence stars that have been the subjects of molecular emission-line surveys, and is suggestive of a very low level of X-ray-induced molecular ionization within the BP Psc disk. These results lend some support to the notion that BP Psc is an evolved star whose circumstellar disk has its origins in a catastrophic interaction with a close companion.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics
A Comparison of Methods for OOV-word Recognition on a New Public Dataset
Creators: name: Braun, Rudolf A.
name: Madikeri, Srikanth
name: Motlicek, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A common problem for automatic speech recognition systems is how to recognize words that they did not see during training. Currently there is no established method of evaluating different techniques for tackling this problem. We propose using the CommonVoice dataset to create test sets for multiple languages which have a high out-of-vocabulary (OOV) ratio relative to a training set and release a new tool for calculating relevant performance metrics. We then evaluate, within the context of a hybrid ASR system, how much better subword models are at recognizing OOVs, and how much benefit one can get from incorporating OOV-word information into an existing system by modifying WFSTs. Additionally, we propose a new method for modifying a subword-based language model so as to better recognize OOV-words. We showcase very large improvements in OOV-word recognition and make both the data and code available.
Development of a brief bedside tool to screen women sexual assault survivors for risk of persistent posttraumatic stress six months after sexual assault
Creators: name: Riviello, Ralph
name: Black, Jenny
name: Ho, Jeffrey
name: Witkemper, Kristen D
name: Bollen, Kenneth
name: Reed, Gordon
name: Lechner, Megan
name: Ji, Yin Yao
name: An, Xin Ming
name: Liberzon, Israel
name: Walsh, Kate
name: Martin, Sandra L
name: Buchanan, Jennie
name: Short, Nicole
name: Platt, Melissa
name: Bell, Kathy
name: McLean, Samuel A
name: Rauch, Sheila A M
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description:
This study aims to develop and validate a brief bedside tool to screen women survivors presenting for emergency care following sexual assault for risk of persistent elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) six months after assault. Participants were 547 cisgender women sexual assault survivors who presented to one of 13 sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs for medical care within 72 h of a sexual assault and completed surveys one week and six months after the assault. Data on 222 potential predictors from the SANE visit and the week one survey spanning seven broadly-defined risk factor domains were candidates for inclusion in the screening tool. Elevated PTSS six months after assault were defined as PCL-5 > 38. LASSO logistic regression was applied to 20 randomly selected bootstrapped samples to evaluate variable importance. Logistic regression models comprised of the top 10, 20, and 30 candidate predictors were tested in 10 cross-validation samples drawn from 80% of the sample. The resulting instrument was validated in the remaining 20% of the sample. AUC of the finalized eight-item prediction tool was 0.77 and the Brier Score was 0.19. A raw score of 41 on the screener corresponds to a 70% risk of elevated PTSS at 6 months. Similar performance was observed for elevated PTSS at one year. This brief, eight-item risk stratification tool consists of easy-to-collect information and, if validated, may be useful for clinical trial enrichment and/or patient screening.
Wolf 503 b: Characterization of a Sub-Neptune Orbiting a Metal-Poor K Dwarf
Creators: name: Polanski, Alex S.
name: Crossfield, Ian J. M.
name: Burt, Jennifer A.
name: Nowak, Grzegorz
name: López-Morales, Mercedes
name: Mortier, Annelies
name: Poretti, Ennio
name: Behmard, Aida
name: Benneke, Björn
name: Blunt, Sarah
name: Bonomo, Aldo S.
name: Butler, R. Paul
name: Chontos, Ashley
name: Cosentino, Rosario
name: Crane, Jeffrey D.
name: Dumusque, Xavier
name: Fulton, Benjamin J.
name: Ghedina, Adriano
name: Gorjian, Varoujan
name: Grunblatt, Samuel K.
name: Harutyunyan, Avet
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Isaacson, Howard
name: Kosiarek, Molly R.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Luque, Rafael
name: Fiorenzano, Aldo F. Martinez
name: Mayor, Michel
name: Mills, Sean M.
name: Molinari, Emilio
name: Nagel, Evangelos
name: Pallé, Enric
name: Petigura, Erik A.
name: Shectman, Stephen A.
name: Sozzetti, Alessandro
name: Teske, Johanna K.
name: Wang, Sharon Xuesong
name: Weiss, Lauren M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using radial velocity measurements from four instruments, we report the mass and density of a $2.043\pm0.069 ~\rm{R}_{\oplus}$ sub-Neptune orbiting the quiet K-dwarf Wolf 503 (HIP 67285). In addition, we present improved orbital and transit parameters by analyzing previously unused short-cadence $K2$ campaign 17 photometry and conduct a joint radial velocity-transit fit to constrain the eccentricity at $0.41\pm0.05$. The addition of a transit observation by $Spitzer$ also allows us to refine the orbital ephemeris in anticipation of further follow-up. Our mass determination, $6.26^{+0.69}_{-0.70}~\rm{M}_{\odot}$, in combination with the updated radius measurements, gives Wolf 503 b a bulk density of $ρ= 2.92\pm ^{+0.50}_{-0.44}$ $\rm{g}~\rm{cm}^{-3}$. Using interior composition models, we find this density is consistent with an Earth-like core with either a substantial $\rm{H}_2\rm{O}$ mass fraction ($45^{+19.12}_{-16.15}\%$) or a modest H/He envelope ($0.5\pm0.28\%$). The low H/He mass fraction, along with the old age of Wolf 503 ($11\pm2$ Gyrs), makes this sub-Neptune an opportune subject for testing theories of XUV-driven mass loss while the brightness of its host ($J=8.3$ mag) makes it an attractive target for transmission spectroscopy.
description: Accepted to ApJ 2021 July 15
Encoding of Predicate Subtyping with Proof Irrelevance in the $λ$$Π$-Calculus Modulo Theory
Creators: name: Hondet, Gabriel
name: Blanqui, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The $λ$$Π$-calculus modulo theory is a logical framework in which various logics and type systems can be encoded, thus helping the cross-verification and interoperability of proof systems based on those logics and type systems. In this paper, we show how to encode predicate subtyping and proof irrelevance, two important features of the PVS proof assistant. We prove that this encoding is correct and that encoded proofs can be mechanically checked by Dedukti, a type checker for the $λ$$Π$-calculus modulo theory using rewriting.
description: TYPES 2020 wasn't held in Turin as planned because of the COVID-19 outbreak. TYPES 2020 - 26th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs, Mar 2020, Turino, Italy
Additional file 1 of Chromatin accessibility analysis suggested vascular induction of the biliary epithelium via the Notch signaling pathway in the human liver
Creators: name: Yoshihara, Masaharu
name: Nakayama, Takahiro
name: Takahashi, Satoru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
Modern machine learning in the presence of systematic uncertainties for robust and optimized multivariate data analysis in high-energy particle physics
Creators: name: Wunsch, Stefan
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: machine learning
neural networks
systematic uncertainties
optimal statistical inference
Standard Model
Higgs boson
tau leptons
LHC
CMS
CERN
high-energy particle physics

description: In high energy particle physics, machine learning has already proven to be an indispensable technique to push data analysis to the limits. So far widely accepted and successfully applied in the event reconstruction at the LHC experiments, machine learning is today also increasingly often part of the final steps of an analysis and, for example, used to construct observables for the statistical inference of the physical parameters of interest. This thesis presents such a machine learning based analysis measuring the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons in the decay to two tau leptons at the CMS experiment and discusses the possibilities and challenges of machine learning at this stage of an analysis. To allow for a precise and reliable physics measurement, the application of the chosen machine learning model has to be well under control. Therefore, novel techniques are introduced to identify and control the dependence of the neural network function on features in the multidimensional input space. Further, possible improvements of machine learning based analysis strategies are studied. A novel solution is presented to maximize the expected sensitivity of the measurement to the physics of interest by incorporating information about known uncertainties in the optimization of the machine learning model, yielding an optimal statistical inference in the presence of systematic uncertainties.
Optical readout of charge and spin in a self-assembled quantum dot in a strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Korkusinski, M.
name: Hawrylak, P.
name: Babinski, A.
name: Potemski, M.
name: Raymond, S.
name: Wasilewski, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory and experiment demonstrating optical readout of charge and spin in a single InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot. By applying a magnetic field we create the filling factor 2 quantum Hall singlet phase of the charged exciton. Increasing or decreasing the magnetic field leads to electronic spin-flip transitions and increasing spin polarization. The increasing total spin of electrons appears as a manifold of closely spaced emission lines, while spin flips appear as discontinuities of emission lines. The number of multiplets and discontinuities measures the number of carriers and their spin. We present a complete analysis of the emission spectrum of a single quantum dot with N=4 electrons and a single hole, calculated and measured in magnetic fields up to 23 Tesla.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Europhysics Letters
มูลค่าการกักเก็บคาร์บอนในมวลชีวภาพเหนือพื้นดินในป่าพรุ จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราช
Creators: name: อานุช  คีรีรัฐนิคม
name: สุภฎา  คีรีรัฐนิคม
name: ทิพย์ทิวา  สัมพันธมิตร
name: กมล  อาศิรเมธี
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยทักษิณ
Year: 2014
Subjects: มูลค่าคาร์บอนในมวลชีวภาพ, ป่าพรุ

description: 2, 8, วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร
Pseudo-nonstationarity in the scaling exponents of finite interval time series
Creators: name: Kiyani, K. H.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Watkins, N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accurate estimation of scaling exponents is central in the observational study of scale-invariant phenomena. Natural systems unavoidably provide observations over restricted intervals; consequently a stationary stochastic process (time series) can yield anomalous time variation in the scaling exponents, suggestive of non-stationarity. The variance in the estimates of scaling exponents computed from an interval of N observations is known for finite variance processes to vary as ~1/N as N goes to infinity for certain statistical estimators; however, the convergence to this behaviour will depend on the details of the process, and may be slow. We study the variation in the scaling of second order moments of the time series increments with N, for a variety of synthetic and `real world' time series; and find that in particular for heavy tailed processes, for realizable N, one is far from this 1/N limiting behaviour. We propose a semi-empirical estimate for the minimum N needed to make a meaningful estimate of the scaling exponents for model stochastic processes and compare these with some `real world' time series.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted Physical Review E
Particle Merging-and-Splitting
Creators: name: Truong, Nghia
name: Yuksel, Cem
name: Watcharopas, Chakrit
name: Levine, Joshua A.
name: Kirby, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robustly handling collisions between individual particles in a large particle-based simulation has been a challenging problem. We introduce particle merging-and-splitting, a simple scheme for robustly handling collisions between particles that prevents inter-penetrations of separate objects without introducing numerical instabilities. This scheme merges colliding particles at the beginning of the time-step and then splits them at the end of the time-step. Thus, collisions last for the duration of a time-step, allowing neighboring particles of the colliding particles to influence each other. We show that our merging-and-splitting method is effective in robustly handling collisions and avoiding penetrations in particle-based simulations. We also show how our merging-and-splitting approach can be used for coupling different simulation systems using different and otherwise incompatible integrators. We present simulation tests involving complex solid-fluid interactions, including solid fractures generated by fluid interactions.
description: IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph
XMM-Newton observations of CXOU J010043.1-721134: the first deep look at the soft X-ray emission of a magnetar
Creators: name: Tiengo, A.
name: Esposito, P.
name: Mereghetti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of six XMM-Newton observations of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar CXOU J010043.1-721134, the magnetar candidate characterized by the lowest interstellar absorption. In contrast with all the other magnetar candidates, its X-ray spectrum cannot be fit by an absorbed power-law plus blackbody model. The sum of two (absorbed) blackbody components with kT1=0.30 keV and kT2=0.7 keV gives an acceptable fit, and the radii of the corresponding blackbody emission regions are R1=12.1 km and R2=1.7 km. The former value is consistent with emission from a large fraction of a neutron star surface and, given the well known distance of CXOU J010043.1-721134, that is located in the Small Magellanic Cloud, it provides the most constraining lower limit to a magnetar radius ever obtained. A more physical model, where resonant cyclotron scattering in the magnetar magnetosphere is taken into account, has also been successfully applied to this source.
description: 5 pages (in emulate-apj style), 3 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Max-Min Ant System (MMAS) for Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Creators: name: Suphan Sodsoon
name: Preecha Changyom
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen Univeristy
Year: 2011
Subjects: vehicle routing problem with time windows meta-heuristic max-min ant system

description: 4, 38, KKU Engineering Journal
Orbital evolution with white-dwarf kicks
Creators: name: Heyl, Jeremy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of white dwarfs in globular clusters indicate that these stars may get a velocity kick during their time as giants. This velocity kick could originate naturally if the mass loss while on the asymptotic giant branch is slightly asymmetric. If white dwarfs get a kick comparable to the orbital velocity of the binary, the initial Runge-Lenz vector (eccentricity vector) of the orbit is damped to be replaced by a component pointing toward the cross product of the initial angular momentum and the force. The final eccentricity may be of order unity and if the kick is sufficiently large, the system may be disrupted. These results may have important ramifications for the evolution of binary stars and planetary systems
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, added many intermediate equations, version accepted by MNRAS
Quantum cryptographic resource distillation and entanglement
Creators: name: Choi, Minjin
name: Lee, Soojoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We look into multipartite quantum states on which quantum cryptographic protocols including quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing can be perfectly performed, and define the quantum cryptographic resource distillable rate as the asymptotic rate at which such multipartite state can be distilled from a given multipartite state. Investigating several relations between entanglement and the rate, we show that there exists a multipartite bound entangled state whose quantum cryptographic resource distillable rate is strictly positive, that is, there exists a multipartite entangled state which is not distillable, but can be useful for quantum cryptography such as quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
More Visible Effects of the Hidden Sector
Creators: name: Murayama, Hitoshi
name: Nomura, Yasunori
name: Poland, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a growing appreciation that hidden sector dynamics may affect the supersymmetry breaking parameters in the visible sector (supersymmetric standard model), especially when the dynamics is strong and superconformal. We point out that there are effects that have not been previously discussed in the literature. For example, the gaugino masses are suppressed relative to the gravitino mass. We discuss their implications in the context of various mediation mechanisms. The issues discussed include anomaly mediation with singlets, the mu (B mu) problem in gauge and gaugino mediation, and distinct mass spectra for the superparticles that have not been previously considered.
description: 25 pages; small clarifications and corrections, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 1 of Unsupervised machine learning identifies distinct ALS molecular subtypes in post-mortem motor cortex and blood expression data
Creators: name: Marriott, Heather
name: Kabiljo, Renata
name: Hunt, Guy P
name: Khleifat, Ahmad Al
name: Jones, Ashley
name: Troakes, Claire
name: Pfaff, Abigail L
name: Quinn, John P
name: Koks, Sulev
name: Dobson, Richard J
name: Schwab, Patrick
name: Al-Chalabi, Ammar
name: Iacoangeli, Alfredo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary methods, figures and tables
Zipf's law in Nuclear Multifragmentation and Percolation Theory
Creators: name: Paech, K.
name: Bauer, W.
name: Pratt, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the average sizes of the $n$ largest fragments in nuclear multifragmentation events near the critical point of the nuclear matter phase diagram. We perform analytic calculations employing Poisson statistics as well as Monte Carlo simulations of the percolation type. We find that previous claims of manifestations of Zipf's Law in the rank-ordered fragment size distributions are not born out in our result, neither in finite nor infinite systems. Instead, we find that Zipf-Mandelbrot distributions are needed to describe the results, and we show how one can derive them in the infinite size limit. However, we agree with previous authors that the investigation of rank-ordered fragment size distributions is an alternative way to look for the critical point in the nuclear matter diagram.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, submitted to PRC
Density, short-range order and the quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Meyer, Harvey B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermal part of the energy density spatial correlator in the quark-gluon plasma. We describe its qualitative form at high temperatures. We then calculate it out to distances approx. 1.5/T in SU(3) gauge theory lattice simulations for the range of temperatures 0.9<= T/T_c<= 2.2. The vacuum-subtracted correlator exhibits non-monotonic behavior, and is almost conformal by 2T_c. Its broad maximum at r approx. 0.6/T suggests a dense medium with only weak short-range order, similar to a non-relativistic fluid near the liquid-gas phase transition, where eta/s is minimal.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Multiphase CO2 Dispersions in Microfluidics: Formation, Phases, and Mass Transfer
Creators: name: Ho, Tsai-Hsing Martin
name: Sameoto, Dan
name: Tsai, Peichun Amy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dissolution and microfluidic mass transfer of carbon dioxide in water at high-pressure conditions are crucial for a myriad of technological applications, including microreactors, extractions, and carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) processes. In this experimental work, we use a high-pressure microfluidic method to elucidate the mass transfer process of CO2 in water at high pressure. An intriguing multiphase CO2 flow and dispersions are observed when operating at the pressure-temperature ($P$-$T$) condition close to the CO2 gas-liquid phase boundary ($P=6.5$ MPa and $T=23.5\pm 0.5~^{\circ}$C). We propose a series of strategies to unravel this complex multi-phase dynamics by calculating each phase's volume and mass change in a gas-liquid coexistent CO2 dispersion, estimating the possible CO2 concentration change in water, and comparing with the CO2 solubility data. Finally, we quantify the CO2 mass transfer by directly calculating the CO2 dissolution rate in water and estimating the volumetric mass transfer coefficient ($k_{L}a$). The results show that the mass transfer may be influenced by the specific area ($a$), CO2 concentration gradient in the water slug, and the traveling speed of a dispersion.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
"Grasp revolution, promote production" : struggles over socialist construction in China, 1973-1976
Creators: name: Howard, Roger William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The study is an examination of struggles over socialist construction in China between the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 1973 and the arrests of the so-called "gang of four" in 1976. It analyzes the content of debates, the context in which they occurred and policies implemented during the period. The study is based upon materials collected while living in China, observations during participation in various political movements of the period, and on materials from the Chinese print and broadcast media. The dissertation analyzes struggles over industrial development and organization, science and technology policy, rural development, and the role of the education system in socialist society. Issues debated included worker participation in management, cadre participation in labor, labor remuneration policies, the role of scientists and technicians in the production process, the importation of advanced technology, the relationship between scientific theory and Marxism-Leninism, structural and ideological changes in the modernization of agriculture, access to higher education and the role of intellectuals in socialist society. These debates are analyzed from the perspective of Marxian theory. From this analysis the study concludes that in spite of the formal appearance of a debate, genuine and open discussion of policy alternatives and concrete results did not in fact occur. There were a number of conceptions, widely held in China during the mid-seventies, which it is argued were a central factor in thwarting the emergence of real debate. These include the concept of the role of the Communist Party as the "core of leadership" in all spheres of social life, the notion of the "continuation of class struggle" in socialist society, misinterpretation of the relationship between the forces and relations of production in the process of development, misunderstanding of the means by which the division of labor can be transcended and misunderstanding of the nature of Chinese society. The study challenges these conceptions from the point of view of Marxian theory and traces the role they played in the distortion of the debates and the suppression of alternative viewpoints.
The Future is Superflat. Takashi Murakami tra high art e low art
Creators: name: Pesenti, Isabella
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2021
Subjects: L-ART/03 Storia dell'arte contemporanea

description: Takashi Murakami è l’artista contemporaneo giapponese più influente al mondo. A confermarlo non sono solo i suoi oltre due milioni di followers su Instagram, ma anche una carriera che a più di trent’anni dal suo esordio continua ad arricchirsi di nuovi successi. A garantirgli una fama così duratura è stata senza dubbio la sua capacità di reinventarsi e stare al passo con i tempi, rimanendo tuttavia sempre fedele alla propria poetica artistica e alla propria etica lavorativa. Ciò gli ha permesso non solo di accrescere la sua popolarità a livello globale, ma anche di espandere il suo operato e la sua influenza in molti settori extra-artistici, tra cui la moda, il cinema e la musica, dando voce e risalto internazionale alla cultura popolare nipponica. A partire dall’analisi del contesto socioculturale del Giappone odierno, necessario per comprendere forma e contenuti della sua arte, emergono i molteplici aspetti che rendono Takashi Murakami una delle personalità più rilevanti della scena culturale mondiale. Il bilanciato dualismo arte-commercio e la capacità di diversificare la sua produzione e di rispondere ai bisogni della società contemporanea rendono questo artista autenticamente pop un punto di riferimento imprescindibile per un’arte contemporanea accessibile, democratica e trasversale, in cui il labile e obsoleto confine tra high art e low art finalmente si assottiglia fino a scomparire del tutto.
Unitarization of elastic amplitude on SO_mu(2.1) group
Creators: name: Soldatenko, O. N.
name: Vall, A. N.
name: Vladimirov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the solution of the unitarity equation for the elastic processes in terms of the expansion coefficients of the amplitude as a function on the SO_mu(2.1) group. This approach is a generalization of the eikonal representation to the case of small impact parameters and large transverse momenta. We show how the unitarity relation is modified when the contributions of the backward scattering are taken into account. We discuss the simplest models of the profile functions in the following cases: full reflection, full absorption and the combination of these two cases.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Shared decision making in chronic kidney disease: a qualitative study of the impact of communication practices on treatment decisions for older patients
Creators: name: Dahm, Maria R.
name: Raine, Suzanne Eggins
name: Slade, Diana
name: Chien, Laura J.
name: Kennard, Alice
name: Walters, Giles
name: Spinks, Tony
name: Talaulikar, Girish
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
The Survival Rate of Ejected Terrestrial Planets with Moons
Creators: name: Debes, J. H.
name: Sigurdsson, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During planet formation, a gas giant will interact with smaller protoplanets that stray within its sphere of gravitational influence. We investigate the outcome of interactions between gas giants and terrestrial-sized protoplanets with lunar-sized companions. An interaction between a giant planet and a protoplanet binary may have one of several consequences, including the delivery of volatiles to the inner system, the capture of retrograde moons by the giant planet, and the ejection of one or both of the protoplanets. We show that an interesting fraction of terrestrial-sized planets with lunar sized companions will likely be ejected into interstellar space with the companion bound to the planet. The companion provides an additional source of heating for the planet from tidal dissipation of orbital and spin angular momentum. This heat flux typically is larger than the current radiogenic heating of the Earth for up to the first few hundred million years of evolution. In combination with an atmosphere of sufficient thickness and composition, the heating can provide the conditions necesary for liquid water to persist on the surface of the terrestrial mass planet, making it a potential site for life. We also determine the possibility for directly detecting such systems through all-sky infrared surveys or microlensing surveys. Microlensing surveys in particular will directly measure the frequency of this phenomenon.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Accepted to ApJL