Simulium (Chirostilbia) serranus Coscaron
Creators: name: Hernández, Luis Miguel
name: Shelley, Anthony John
name: Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna
name: Maia-Herzog, Marilza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium serranus

description: Simulium (Chirostilbia) serranus Coscarón   
(Figs. 13, 28, 63, 64, 118, 134, 149, 170, 171, 190, 203, 216, 229, 242, 256)  
 This is a poorly known species. The following description of S. serranus is based on scanty material from southern Brazil and the original description of this species.   
 Simulium serranus Coscarón, 1981: 158. HOLOTYPE ♀, BRAZIL: Minas Gerais State, Jaboticatuba, Serra de Cipó; 28.iv.–3.v.1973, (UNICAMP) [Probably a typographical error in the original description because this acronym refers to the University of Campinas] (MZUSP)   
 Female. [Single paratype specimen recovered from alcohol.] General body colour black. Wing length 2.1–2.2 mm (n=2) [No other measurements are given due to lack of material.]   
 Head— dichoptic with dark red eyes and nudiocular area developed (Fig. 13). Frons, clypeus and occiput dark brown to black, with silvery grey pruinosity; clypeus and frons covered with dark erect setae. Mouthparts dark brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel brown, remaining segments dark brown. Cibarium with well developed, sclerotised cornuae, without teeth (Fig. 28).   
 Thorax— scutal pattern varying with illumination. With anterior illumination, thorax black pruinose with faint median and 1+1 posteriorly diverging submedian black vittae running length of scutum; lateral and posterior margins black (Fig. 63). With posterior illumination, thorax, humeri and lateral margins greyish black (Fig. 64). Scutellum dark brown. Postnotum dark brown with silver pruinosity. Pleura black with silver pruinosity. Costa of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta bare. Setation of Radius not given in description; basal section of Radius with hairs. Basal tuft of long dark setae. Leg coloration and proportions not described nor illustrated due to the lack of material; their coloration pattern was not given in the original description. Claw morphology not given in original description. Halteres cream with brown bases.   
 Abdomen— tergites I–II dark brown [remainder missing]. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotised with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; gonapophyses nearly same length as eighth sternite at mid point, subtriangular, membranous except strongly sclerotised on internal margins and apex of posterior margin, setae basally (Fig. 118). Cerci hemispherical, covered with long brown setae; paraproct subtriangular, ventral extension subtriangular and one and a half times longer than cercus, sclerotised, covered by long setae and narrow apically; paraproct covered with prominent brown setae centrally and highly setose apically (Fig. 134). Genital fork stout, weakly sclerotised; termination of lateral arms with anterior and posterior processes poorly developed (Fig. 149). Spermatheca globular, without external sculpturing and with internal spicules in group of two or three; area of insertion of spermathecal duct apparently membranous.   
 Male. General body colour dark brown [Specimens apparently recovered from alcohol]. Body length (specimens pinned) 1.9–2.5 mm (n= 2), wing length 1.8 mm (n=1), wing width 0.9 mm (n=1).   
 Head— holoptic with dark red eyes. Remainder of head coloration as in female.   
 Thorax— scutum black with grey pruinosity, covered with recumbent, silver hairs. Scutal pattern varies slightly with light incidence: with anterior light source scutum black with silvery greyish pruinose band in anterior half touching anterior margin and 1+1 brown cunae not touching anterior margin; humeri yellowish; lateral and posterior margins weakly pruinose (Fig. 170). With light source posterior to specimen thorax black with brown cunae silver pruinose; lateral margin weakly pruinose (Fig. 171). Scutellum dark brown with recumbent golden hairs interspersed with long erect black hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum black with silvery grey pruinosity. Wing setation as in female, except Subcosta with 4–7 setae on basal half. Leg coloration as in female.   
 Abdomen— tergites I–IX dark brown; tergites III–IV silver pruinose on lateral margins. Genitalia black; tergal plates developed, sternal plates undeveloped. Gonocoxite subrectangular; gonostyle trapezoidal curved dorsally at apex, two thirds length of gonocoxite, with spiniform setae apically; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long setae (Fig. 190). Ventral plate subtriangular, rounded apically and sclerotised; main body of ventral plate covered with long hairs (Fig. 203). Median sclerite long, Y-shaped with distinct apical incision (Fig. 216). Paramere with sclerotised basal process and several stout teeth apically (Fig. 229).   
 Pupa. Gill length 1.9–2.0 mm (n=2). [No other measurements were given in the original description. All specimens were in poor condition in the material we examined.]   
 Cocoon— slipper-shaped as in Fig. 242, dark brown composed of thick, coalesced fibres posteriorly, with reinforced rim to anterior aperture, margin of aperture elevated.   
 Gill— dark brown with eight forwardly-directed arranged in vertical plane. Gill with main trunk short, immediately giving rise to three sets of primary branches, with the dorsal and median dividing into three secondary branches and ventral bifurcating; all secondary branching basal (Fig. 256). of same width, rounded distally, with small spicules on surface, edges weakly crenate; all approximately same length.   
 Head— frontoclypeus with 1+1 bifid frontal and 1+1 simple facial trichomes; frontoclypeus with distinct group of platelets mesally, 1+1 dorso-laterally of approximately 13 platelets, and 2–3 platelets in two groups laterally in frontal region, respectively; tubercles rounded, densely distributed over entire frontal and facial region.   
 Thorax— with two or three long trifid trichomes near margin of dorsal cleft [no more trichomes visible in the few specimens examined]; tubercles mostly rounded, densely distributed over entire surface.   
 Abdomen— [We did not have enough material on which to base the description of the pupal abdominal chaetotaxy of S. serranum.]. Coscarón (1981) stated that the abdominal chaetotaxy is very similar to S. subpallidum with strong spines [=spine combs] on anterior margins of tergites VII and VIII, and apical spines very short.   
 Larva. A description of the larva is given by Coscarón (1981, 1991) and Coscarón-Arias (2007).
description: Published as part of Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna & Maia-Herzog, Marilza, 2008, Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 1834 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.34631/sporl.419, http://zenodo.org/record/5127135