cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast dynamics of photocurrents in surface states of 3D topological insulators
Creators: name: Güdde, Jens
name: Höfer, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reviews experimental work on the ultrafast electron dynamics in the topological surface state (TSS) of three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs) observed with time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission (2PPE). The focus is laid on the generation of ultrafast photocurrents and the time-resolved observation of their decay. 2PPE not only allow to unambiguously relate the photocurrents to the spin-polarized electronic surface states. Probing of the asymmetric momentum distribution of the electrons carrying the current makes it possible to study the microscopic scattering processes that governs the unusual electron transport in the time domain. Ultrashort mid-infrared pump pulses permit not only a direct optical excitation of the TSS in Sb$_2$Te$_3$ but also lead to a strong asymmetry of the TSS population in momentum space. Two-dimensional band mapping of the TSS shows that this asymmetry is in fact representative for a macroscopic photocurrent while the helicity-dependence of the photocurrent is found to be small. The time-resolved observation of the photocurrent decay reveals a huge mean free path of the electrons in the TSS.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
O'ZBEKISTONDA MUTAXASSIS KADRLAR TAYYORLASH SIFATI VA SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH YO'LIDAGI TUB O'ZGARISHLAR
Creators: name: Xalimmetova R.D., 	Abdunabiev D.J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda mutaxassis kadrlar tayyorlash sifati va samaradorligini oshirish yo‘lidagi tub o‘zgarishlar tahlil qilinadi. Ta’lim tizimida amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar, zamonaviy yondashuvlar va ilg‘or pedagogik texnologiyalarning joriy etilishi haqida so‘z boradi. Shuningdek, mehnat bozorining ehtiyojlariga mos yuqori malakali mutaxassislar tayyorlash, amaliyot va nazariy bilimlarning uyg‘unligi, xalqaro tajribalardan foydalanish muhimligi yoritiladi.
Bayesian cross-validation choice and assessment of statistical models
Creators: name: Alqallaf, Fatemah Ali
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis will be concerned with application of a cross-validation criterion to the choice and assessment of statistical models, in which observed data are partitioned, with one part of the data compared to predictions conditional on the model and the rest of the data. We develop three methods, gold, silver, and bronze based on the idea of splitting data in the context of measuring prediction error; however, they can also be adapted for model checking. The gold method uses analytic calculations for the posterior predictive distribution; however, the silver method avoids this mathematical intensity, instead simulating many posterior samples, and the bronze method reduces the amount of sampling to speed up computation. We also consider the Bayesian p-value in which the posterior distribution can be used to check model adequacy, in the context of cross-validation with repeated data splitting. Application to examples is detailed, using the discussed methodologies of estimation and prediction.
Characterizing correlations of flow oscillations at bottlenecks
Creators: name: Kretz, Tobias
name: Woelki, Marko
name: Schreckenberg, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: "Oscillations" occur in quite different kinds of many-particle-systems when two groups of particles with different directions of motion meet or intersect at a certain spot. We present a model of pedestrian motion that is able to reproduce oscillations with different characteristics. The Wald-Wolfowitz test and Gillis' correlated random walk are shown to hold observables that can be used to characterize different kinds of oscillations.
The Newcomb-Benford law: Scale invariance and a simple Markov process based on it
Creators: name: Burgos, Andrea
name: Santos, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Newcomb-Benford law, also known as the first-digit law, gives the probability distribution associated with the first digit of a dataset, so that, for example, the first significant digit has a probability of $30.1$ % of being $1$ and $4.58$ % of being $9$. This law can be extended to the second and next significant digits. This article presents an introduction to the discovery of the law, its derivation from the scale invariance property, as well as some applications and examples, are presented. Additionally, a simple model of a Markov process inspired by scale invariance is proposed. Within this model, it is proved that the probability distribution irreversibly converges to the Newcomb-Benford law, in analogy to the irreversible evolution toward equilibrium of physical systems in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures; v2: substantial changes, including title and structure; v3: final version published as open access
Multifractal analysis of the long-range correlations in the cardiac dynamics of Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Vitanov, Nikolay K.
name: Yankulova, Elka D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time series of heartbeat activity of humans can exhibit long-range correlations. In this paper we show that such kind of correlations can exist for the heartbeat activity of much simpler species like Drosophila melanogaster. By means of the method of multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) we calculate fractal spectra $f(α)$ and $h(q)$ and investigate the correlation properties of heartbeat activity of Drosophila with genetic hearth defects for three consequent generations of species. We observe that opposite to the case of humans the time series of the heartbeat activity of healtly Drosophila do not have scaling properties. Time series from flies with genetic defects can be long-range correllated and can have multifractal properties. The fractal heartbeat dynamics of Drosophila is transferred from generation to generation.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
A general approach to state-dependent optical tweezer traps for polar molecules
Creators: name: Caldwell, L.
name: Tarbutt, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: State-dependent optical tweezers can be used to trap a pair of molecules with a separation much smaller than the wavelength of the trapping light, greatly enhancing the dipole-dipole interaction between them. Here we describe a general approach to producing these state-dependent potentials using the tensor part of the ac Stark shift and show how it can be used to carry out two-qubit gates between pairs of molecules. The method is applicable to broad classes of molecules including bialkali molecules produced by atom association and those amenable to direct laser cooling.
The Self-Gravitational Corrections as the Source for Stiff Matter on the Brane in $SAdS_5$ Bulk
Creators: name: Setare, M R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A $D3-$ brane with non-zero energy density is considered as the boundary of a five dimensional Schwarzschild anti de Sitter bulk background. Taking into account the semi-classical corrections to the black hole entropy that arise as a result of the self-gravitational effect, and employing the AdS/CFT correspondence, we obtain the self-gravitational correction to the first Friedmann-like equation. The additional term in the Hubble equation due to the self-gravitational effect goes as $a^{-6}$. Thus, the self-gravitational corrections act as a source of stiff matter contrary to standard FRW cosmology where the charge of the black hole plays this role.
description: 7 pages, no figure
Transverse Pavement Markings for Speed Control and Accident Reduction
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Pavement markings were placed ahead of a high-accident location (a sharp curve). Speed and accident studies were conducted before and after. The markings were placed so that drivers otherwise failing to reduce speed would see the markings at an increasing rate. The spacing of lines was intended to create an illusion of acceleration which would cause the driver to slow. Speed is perceived by the visual senses; drivers sense forces resulting from changes in speed but relate and associate speed to the visual field. In laboratory experiments, it has been shown that a driver's perception of speed can be varied by introducing structured patterns onto the road surface (1). Field tests have resulted in varying degrees of success (2, 3). However, it has been found that improper approach to a curve is related to perceptual assessment problems (4). Several site comparisons between uniform and illusionary marking patterns would have to be evaluated to conclusively demonstrate any illusionary effects. The idea of compressed spacing, therefore, remains somewhat intuitive. The objective of this study was to determine if these markings would affect speeds and accidents at a field installation.
The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: I. Science Goals, Survey Design and Strategy
Creators: name: Giovanelli, Riccardo
name: Haynes, Martha P.
name: Kent, Brian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently initiated Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey aims to map 7000 square degrees of the high galactic latitude sky visible from Arecibo, providing a HI line spectral database covering the redshift range between -1600 km/s and 18,000 km/s with 5 km/s resolution. Exploiting Arecibo's large collecting area and small beam size, ALFALFA is specifically designed to probe the faint end of the HI mass function in the local universe and will provide a census of HI in the surveyed sky area to faint flux limits, making it especially useful in synergy with wide area surveys conducted at other wavelengths. ALFALFA will also provide the basis for studies of the dynamics of galaxies within the Local and nearby superclusters, will allow measurement of the HI diameter function, and enable a first wide-area blind search for local HI tidal features, HI absorbers at z < 0.06 and OH megamasers in the redshift range 0.16 < z < 0.25. Although completion of the survey will require some five years, public access to the ALFALFA data and data products will be provided in a timely manner, thus allowing its application for studies beyond those targeted by the ALFALFA collaboration. ALFALFA adopts a two-pass, minimum intrusion, drift scan observing technique which samples the same region of sky at two separate epochs to aid in the discrimination of cosmic signals from noise and terrestrial interference. Survey simulations, which take into account large scale structure in the mass distribution and incorporate experience with the ALFA system gained from tests conducted during its commissioning phase, suggest that ALFALFA will detect on the order of 20,000 extragalactic HI line sources out to z=0.06, including several hundred with HI masses of less than 10^{7.5} msun.
description: 37 pages, including 11 figures; to appear in Astron. J.; see http://egg.astro.cornell.edu/alfalfa/pubs.php Authors' list contains 40 names: see paper for full detail
Combination of the Swiss agrarian sector model SILAS-dyn with the life cycle assessment tool SALCA
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Albert
name: Zimmermann, Albert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Sector model
subject: LP
subject: Political advisory
subject: LCA
subject: Income

description: The agricultural sector model SILAS-dyn has been used by Agroscope ART for 10 years for the political advisory of the Swiss agricultural administration. To evaluate the environmental effects of different policy scenarios, a LCA module has been developed, connecting a hierarchical linkage to an existing LCA calculating tool. This lowers the formulation input and simplifies the adaptation of updated environmental models. The results of four scenarios show, through the example of energy use as an environmental impact, that indirect effects, such as energy use in the context of imported concentrates, can influence conclusions significantly. The scenario suggesting an increase of fertiliser prices does not change the results significantly, whereas higher energy prices increase the pressure upon energy-intensive activities.
An Analysis of Bicycle-Related Motor Vehicle Accidents in Lexington, KY
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Zegeer, Charles V.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A 1978 report dealt with an analysis of statewide bicycle-related, motor-vehicle accidents in Kentucky. In this study, a more detailed analysis of one city (Lexington) was performed. Accidents in a seven-year period were analyzed to make a detailed summary of several years of accident data, compare the Lexington accident summaries with statewide statistics, identify high-accident locations, and recommend accident countermeasures.  The number of bicycle accidents in Lexington has increased in recent years; however, the bicycle accident rate for Lexington was lower than that found for many other major cities in Kentucky. The largest number of bicycle accidents involved male cyclists between 10 and 14 years old. The most common accident types involved a cyclist exiting a driveway into a motorist's path or failing to stop or yield at a controlled intersection. Assigning bicycle accidents to various location zones showed that the highest percentage of accidents occurred in the zone representing the University of Kentucky. The Lexington bicycle accidents were found to involve a larger percentage of older cyclists compared to statewide statistics. An analysis of the distribution of bicycle accidents by street showed that, while bicycle accidents were distributed among a large number of streets, some streets were high-accident locations.  There are few designated bicycle facilities in Lexington. Adequate width for the addition of a designated lane does not exist on most of the high-accident streets. A designated bikeway system consisting of "shared roadway" bikeways marked by bicycle route signs or markers would serve as guidance to cyclists and alert drivers to the presence of bicycles. The existing "bicycle facilities plan" along with the high-accident streets identified in this report would provide a basis for such a system.
Continual Learning in Low-rank Orthogonal Subspaces
Creators: name: Chaudhry, Arslan
name: Khan, Naeemullah
name: Dokania, Puneet K.
name: Torr, Philip H. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In continual learning (CL), a learner is faced with a sequence of tasks, arriving one after the other, and the goal is to remember all the tasks once the continual learning experience is finished. The prior art in CL uses episodic memory, parameter regularization or extensible network structures to reduce interference among tasks, but in the end, all the approaches learn different tasks in a joint vector space. We believe this invariably leads to interference among different tasks. We propose to learn tasks in different (low-rank) vector subspaces that are kept orthogonal to each other in order to minimize interference. Further, to keep the gradients of different tasks coming from these subspaces orthogonal to each other, we learn isometric mappings by posing network training as an optimization problem over the Stiefel manifold. To the best of our understanding, we report, for the first time, strong results over experience-replay baseline with and without memory on standard classification benchmarks in continual learning. The code is made publicly available.
description: The paper is accepted at NeurIPS'20
Otro dilema para las madres: alimentos o datos
Creators: name: Suing, Abel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Mujer
libertad
expresión
comunicación
información
educación
equidad
democracia
Internet

description: Publicación en la sección de opinión del diario digital hora 32 https://hora32.com.ec/ que se edita en Loja (Ecuador)
Checking vocabulary from published texts
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-310717-03: Checking vocabulary with uncertain analyses from texts in Goddard 1904 ("Hupa Texts," University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 1(2): 89-368)
title: Ethische Herausforderungen digitaler Nachlässe
Creators: name: Pape, Annette
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung unserer modernen Welt betrifft zwangsläufig auch den Bereich der Nachlässe. Fast jede verstorbene Person hinterlässt nicht nur Hausrat, Bücher, Bargeld oder Wohnungen, sondern auch digitale Spuren in Form von Daten auf heimischen Computern sowie E-Mail Konten, Chatverläufe in Nachrichtensofortdiensten auf Smartphones, Online-Bankkonten, Konten bei Bezahldiensten, Internethandelsplattformen, sozialen Netzwerken, sowie Daten unterschiedlichster Art in Cloudspeicherorten oder in anderer nicht genannter Form im World-Wide-Web. Wahrscheinlich werden diese digitalen Speicherorte oder Zugangsdaten deshalb noch nicht grundsätzlich in Vorsorgevollmachten bzw. Testamenten benannt, weil sie noch nicht im nachlass-verwaltenden Bewusstsein der Bevölkerung verankert sind. Der nahezu selbstverständlich gewordene Umgang mit den digitalen Formaten sollte diese jedoch in die Auflistung des Nachlasses miteinschließen, damit eine Erbengemeinschaft die Möglichkeit erhält, sich auch um diesen Teil des Nachlasses adäquat kümmern zu können.
Hadron attenuation at HERMES and JLab
Creators: name: Falter, T.
name: Cassing, W.
name: Gallmeister, K.
name: Mosel, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the attenuation of hadrons in deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering in the kinematical regime of the HERMES and Jefferson Lab experiments. The calculation is carried out in the framework of a BUU transport model. Our results indicate a strong influence of (pre)hadronic final state interactions on the observed multiplicity ratios.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the "Workshop on In-Medium Hadron Physics", Giessen, Germany, 11-13 November 2004
Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Swiss Agri-Environmental Measures on Sector Level
Creators: name: Schader, Christian
name: Sanders, Jurn
name: Offermann, Frank
name: Lampkin, Nicolas
name: Stolze, Matthias
name: Schader, Christian
name: Sanders, Jurn
name: Offermann, Frank
name: Lampkin, Nicolas
name: Stolze, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: positive mathematical programming
subject: life cycle assessment
subject: organic farming
subject: environmental indicators
subject: economic efficiency

description: This paper focuses on non-linear programming models and their suitability for ex-ante evaluations of agri-environmental policies on sector level. An approach is presented to compare organic farming payments as a multi-objective policy, with other, more targeted agri-environmental policies in Switzerland. The Swiss version of the comparative static sector-consistent farm group model FARMIS is able to group the sector’s farms into organic and non-organic farms and optimise them separately. CH-FARMIS is expanded with three modules particularly for this study: a) allowing for the simulation of uptake; b) integrating life cycle assessment data for energy use, eutrophication and biodiversity; and c) estimating the policy and farm-group-specific public expenditure, including transaction costs. This paper illustrates the functions of the model, shows preliminary energy use calculations for the German Agricultural Sector and discusses the advantages and limitations of the approach.
Effect of Interrupted Flow on Traffic Noise
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Zegeer, Charles V.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect interrupted traffic flow has on traffic noise and to determine an applicable adjustment factor. No attempt was made to develop a specific equation to predict noise levels at interrupted flow locations.  The basic method of analysis consisted of comparing the field data taken at intersections to determine if the measured noise levels changed as a function of distance from the intersection. Results showed that interrupted flow conditions did not cause an increase in the L10 and Leq noise levels. Data taken before and after the installation of traffic signals showed that the addition of traffic signals did not significantly affect the average noise level. A comparison of measured and predicted noise levels showed general agreement.  It was concluded that no adjustment factor is necessary to account for interrupted flow. It was recommended that the current procedure used for interrupted flow locations be continued. In this procedure, no adjustment factor is used, and the traffic speed used in the prediction is the free flowing vehicle speed (speed limit).
Public Support of the Processing and Marketing of Agricultural Products: A Driver of Innovation in the Food Industry?
Creators: name: Schafer, Martin
name: Efken, Josef
name: Wendt, Heinz
name: Trefflich, Annette
name: Uetrecht, Inge
name: Schafer, Martin
name: Efken, Josef
name: Wendt, Heinz
name: Trefflich, Annette
name: Uetrecht, Inge
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Innovation
subject: industrial policy
subject: investment assistance
subject: food-industry
subject: state-intervention

description: At issue in this paper is the role of innovation within the public support of food-industries under EU rural development policy. It is focused on the questions: Are there fundamental economic characteristics of highly innovative in comparison to less innovative enterprises? And, what are successful strategies to promote innovations by intervention of the state. Baseline information is given through the data ascertainment of investment grant applications and collaboration with local state departments.
Quantum Periods and TBA-like Equations for a Class of Calabi-Yau Geometries
Creators: name: Du, Bao-ning
name: Huang, Min-xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the study of a novel relation between quantum periods and TBA(Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz)-like difference equations, generalize previous works to a large class of Calabi-Yau geometries described by three-term quantum operators. We give two methods to derive the TBA-like equations. One method uses only elementary functions while the other method uses Faddeev's quantum dilogarithm function. The two approaches provide different realizations of TBA-like equations which are nevertheless related to the same quantum period.
description: 23 pages, no figure. v2: journal version
Rate of energy absorption by a closed ballistic ring
Creators: name: Cohen, Doron
name: Kottos, Tsampikos
name: Schanz, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make a distinction between the spectroscopic and the mesoscopic conductance of closed systems. We show that the latter is not simply related to the Landauer conductance of the corresponding open system. A new ingredient in the theory is related to the non-universal structure of the perturbation matrix which is generic for quantum chaotic systems. These structures may created bottlenecks that suppress the diffusion in energy space, and hence the rate of energy absorption. The resulting effect is not merely quantitative: For a ring-dot system we find that a smaller Landauer conductance implies a smaller spectroscopic conductance, while the mesoscopic conductance increases. Our considerations open the way towards a realistic theory of dissipation in closed mesoscopic ballistic devices.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, published version with updated refs
Double Free-Layer Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Probabilistic Bits
Creators: name: Camsari, Kerem Y.
name: Torunbalci, Mustafa Mert
name: Borders, William A.
name: Ohno, Hideo
name: Fukami, Shunsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Naturally random devices that exploit ambient thermal noise have recently attracted attention as hardware primitives for accelerating probabilistic computing applications. One such approach is to use a low barrier nanomagnet as the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) whose magnetic fluctuations are converted to resistance fluctuations in the presence of a stable fixed layer. Here, we propose and theoretically analyze a magnetic tunnel junction with no fixed layers but two free layers that are circularly shaped disk magnets. We use an experimentally benchmarked model that accounts for finite temperature magnetization dynamics, bias-dependent charge and spin-polarized currents as well as the dipolar coupling between the free layers. We obtain analytical results for statistical averages of fluctuations that are in good agreement with the numerical model. We find that the free layers with low diameters fluctuate to randomize the resistance of the MTJ in an approximately bias-independent manner. We show how such MTJs can be used to build a binary stochastic neuron (or a p-bit) in hardware. Unlike earlier stochastic MTJs that need to operate at a specific bias point to produce random fluctuations, the proposed design can be random for a wide range of bias values, independent of spin-transfer-torque pinning. Moreover, in the absence of a carefully optimized stabled fixed layer, the symmetric double-free layer stack can be manufactured using present day Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) technology by minimal changes to the fabrication process. Such devices can be used as hardware accelerators in energy-efficient computing schemes that require a large throughput of tunably random bits.
Going critical : an investigation of diameter -critical graphs
Creators: name: Madden, Joshua
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We define a graph G=(V, E) with m=\E\ edges, n=\V\ vertices, maximum degree D, and diameter d, to be d-critical if it has the property that for any edge e G E, the graph G — e has diameter > d. We explore some results relating to a conjecture on the maximum possible number of edges in a 2-critical graph. We also present efficient algorithms for identifying spanning d-critical subgraphs of graphs having diameter d where d=2 or d=3. The algorithm for d=2 runs in 0(mn), and the algorithm for d=3 runs in 0(mnD).
title: Evaluation of Reversible Lanes
title: (Nicholasville Road; Lexington, KY)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Clark, Jon D.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The study involved an evaluation of reversibIe lanes as a method of increasing traffic flow. A unique feature of the system was allowing Ieft turns during the period of reversible flow, which meant that the left-turn lanes had to be moved and the signal displays shifted during operation and without interrupting traffic flow. The evaluation involved a comparison of data taken before and after installation of the reversible lanes. Types of data included delays, volumes, accidents, speeds, traffic conflicts, fuel consumption, and environmental factors.  Installation of the reversible lanes resulted in a significant savings in travel time in the peak direction. There was a large increase in travel times in the off-peak direction in the afternoon. An economic analysis based on current operating times showed a benefit-cost ratio of 6.90.  The reversibIe-lane system was successful; although, better signal coordination would improve operation. Data taken on two parallel arterial streets indicated reversible lanes on those streets are not warranted.
An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Real Options Values and the Rate of Investment
Creators: name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Toole, Andrew A.
name: Kropp, Jaclyn D.
name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Toole, Andrew A.
name: Kropp, Jaclyn D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper examines the relationship between uncertainty and investment decisions by food and non-food firms. Using hysteresis and the real options paradigm, we review why uncertainty might cause firms to delay investment. In particular, our model looks for a negative relationship between capital invested and uncertainty. In the alternative, if the relationship is positive, this may be consistent with the exercise of growth options or competitive markets. Empirical results are mixed. In one of the four models we present there is clear evidence of hysteresis, that is a negative relationship between year over year investment and uncertainty. The remaining 3 models indicate the opposite, a positive relationship between investment and risk. Although the models differ, the first model is the stronger of the three. Nonetheless, the results are ambiguous. Although we use a large cross sectional, time series panel set of data, we find nothing remarkable about the food industry per se, except that across industries, their level of investment is about in the middle.
Muss der Milchmann, auch wenn er nicht kann? - Wollishofer Blog
Creators: name: Brändli, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: 949 Geschichte anderer Teile Europas
subject: Zürich-Wollishofen
subject: Milchhandel
subject: Milchmann

description: Ein Blog zu Geschichte und Quartierleben des Zürcher Stadtquartiers Wollishofen auf wollipedia.ch. Mit Texten von Sebastian Brändli (SB) und Ansichtskarten aus der Sammlung von Markus Zimmermann (MZ).
Socially Responsible AI Algorithms: Issues, Purposes, and Challenges
Creators: name: Cheng, Lu
name: Varshney, Kush R.
name: Liu, Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the current era, people and society have grown increasingly reliant on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI has the potential to drive us towards a future in which all of humanity flourishes. It also comes with substantial risks for oppression and calamity. Discussions about whether we should (re)trust AI have repeatedly emerged in recent years and in many quarters, including industry, academia, healthcare, services, and so on. Technologists and AI researchers have a responsibility to develop trustworthy AI systems. They have responded with great effort to design more responsible AI algorithms. However, existing technical solutions are narrow in scope and have been primarily directed towards algorithms for scoring or classification tasks, with an emphasis on fairness and unwanted bias. To build long-lasting trust between AI and human beings, we argue that the key is to think beyond algorithmic fairness and connect major aspects of AI that potentially cause AI's indifferent behavior. In this survey, we provide a systematic framework of Socially Responsible AI Algorithms that aims to examine the subjects of AI indifference and the need for socially responsible AI algorithms, define the objectives, and introduce the means by which we may achieve these objectives. We further discuss how to leverage this framework to improve societal well-being through protection, information, and prevention/mitigation.
description: 45 pages, 8 figures
Relativistic quantum walks
Creators: name: Strauch, Frederick W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By pursuing the deep relation between the one-dimensional Dirac equation and quantum walks, the physical role of quantum interference in the latter is explained. It is shown that the time evolution of the probability density of a quantum walker, initially localized on a lattice, is directly analogous to relativistic wave-packet spreading. Analytic wave-packet solutions reveal a striking connection between the discrete and continuous time quantum walks.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, published and corrected version
Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Marketing: The Role of Customer Satisfaction Measurement for Service Innovations
Creators: name: Spiller, Achim
name: Zuhlsdorf, Anke
name: Mellin, Matthias
name: Spiller, Achim
name: Zuhlsdorf, Anke
name: Mellin, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Direct Marketing
subject: Customer satisfaction
subject: Regression
subject: Service Quality

description: The importance of direct marketing for high quality farm products has increased during the past few years. This paper analyses the impact of customer satisfaction and its driving forces for farmer- to-consumer direct marketing and is based on a customer survey in 33 organic and conventional on-farm stores in Germany. The results emphasise the role of store atmosphere and customer service as the main influencing factors on customer satisfaction.
Determinants of Return on Equity in U.S. Local Farm Supply and Grain Marketing Cooperatives
Creators: name: Boyd, Scott
name: Boland, Michael A.
name: Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.
name: Barton, David G.
name: Boyd, Scott
name: Boland, Michael A.
name: Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.
name: Barton, David G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: agribusiness
subject: cooperatives
subject: finance
subject: management
subject: profitability

description: Farm supply cooperatives are an important component of the retail agribusiness industry in the United States. The objective of this research is to identify financial variables that are determinants of return on equity in these cooperatives. Firm effects are important and their effect is the result of managerial decision making and director policy. The estimated coefficient on asset size was not statistically significant, suggesting that return on equity is invariant to size over this period.
Electron Transfer in Donor-Acceptor Systems: Many-Particle Effects and Influence of Electronic Correlations
Creators: name: Tornow, Sabine
name: Tong, Ning-Hua
name: Bulla, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate electron transfer processes in donor-acceptor systems with a coupling of the electronic degrees of freedom to a common bosonic bath. The model allows to study many-particle effects and the influence of the local Coulomb interaction U between electrons on donor and acceptor sites. Using the non-perturbative numerical renormalization group approach we find distinct differences between the electron transfer characteristics in the single- and two-particle subspaces. We calculate the critical electron-boson coupling alpha_c as a function of $U$ and show results for density-density correlation functions in the whole parameter space. The possibility of many-particle (bipolaronic) and Coulomb-assisted transfer is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Wrinkling transition in quenched disordered membranes at two loops
Creators: name: Coquand, O.
name: Mouhanna, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One investigates the flat phase of quenched disordered polymerized membranes by means of a two-loop, weak-coupling computation performed near their upper critical dimension $D_{uc} = 4$, generalizing the one-loop computation of Morse, Lubensky and Grest [Phys. Rev. A 45, R2151 (1992), Phys. Rev. A 46, 1751 (1992)]. Our work confirms the existence of the finite-temperature, finite-disorder, wrinkling transition, which has been recently identified by Coquand et al. [Phys. Rev E 97, 030102 (2018)] using a nonperturbative renormalization group approach. One also points out ambiguities in the two-loop computation that prevent the exact identification of the properties of the novel fixed point associated with the wrinkling transition, which very likely requires a three-loop order approach.
description: 8 pages, one figure, published version
Does Close Count? School Proximity, School Quality, and Residential Property Values
Creators: name: Owusu-Edusei, Kwame
name: Espey, Molly
name: Lin, Huiyan
name: Owusu-Edusei, Kwame
name: Espey, Molly
name: Lin, Huiyan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: hedonics
subject: park proximity
subject: school proximity
subject: school quality

description: This study jointly estimates the impact of school quality and school proximity on residential property values in Greenville, South Carolina. While quality is found to be capitalized into residential property values, the degree of capitalization depends on school level and proximity to each school for which the house is zoned for attendance. In general, there is positive value associated with closer proximity to schools of all levels, and negative value associated with a significantly longer than average distance to schools. In terms of quality rankings, excellence at the elementary and high school levels has the strongest impact on property values.
Memory-dependent noise-induced resonance and diffusion in non-markovian systems
Creators: name: Melnyk, S. S.
name: Usatenko, O. V.
name: Yampol'skii, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the random processes with non-local memory and obtain new solutions of the Mori-Zwanzig equation describing non-markovian systems. We analyze the system dynamics depending on the amplitudes $ν$ and $μ_0$ of the local and non-local memory and pay attention to the line in the ($ν$, $μ_0$)-plane separating the regions with asymptotically stationary and non-stationary behavior. We obtain general equations for such boundaries and consider them for three examples of the non-local memory functions. We show that there exist two types of the boundaries with fundamentally different system dynamics. On the boundaries of the first type, the diffusion with memory takes place, whereas on borderlines of the second type, the phenomenon of noise-induced resonance can be observed. A distinctive feature of noise-induced resonance in the systems under consideration is that it occurs in the absence of an external regular periodic force. It takes place due to the presence of frequencies in the noise spectrum, which are close to the self-frequency of the system. We analyze also the variance of the process and compare its behavior for regions of asymptotic stationarity and non-stationarity, as well as for diffusive and noise-induced-resonance borderlines between them.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
On some difficulties with a posterior probability approximation technique
Creators: name: Robert, Christian
name: Marin, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In Scott (2002) and Congdon (2006), a new method is advanced to compute posterior probabilities of models under consideration. It is based solely on MCMC outputs restricted to single models, i.e., it is bypassing reversible jump and other model exploration techniques. While it is indeed possible to approximate posterior probabilities based solely on MCMC outputs from single models, as demonstrated by Gelfand and Dey (1994) and Bartolucci et al. (2006), we show that the proposals of Scott (2002) and Congdon (2006) are biased and advance several arguments towards this thesis, the primary one being the confusion between model-based posteriors and joint pseudo-posteriors. From a practical point of view, the bias in Scott's (2002) approximation appears to be much more severe than the one in Congdon's (2006), the later being often of the same magnitude as the posterior probability it approximates, although we also exhibit an example where the divergence from the true posterior probability is extreme.
description: Second version, resubmitted
Understanding the System Context of Alternative Food Supply Chains
Creators: name: Vuylsteke, Anne
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
name: Vuylsteke, Anne
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness
Industrial Organization

description: This paper focuses upon the case of alternative food supply chains (AFSCs) as a "laboratory" for the implementation of sustainability concepts on a larger scale. To realize this type of upscaling, two important conditions should be fulfilled: the initiatives have to combine a performing internal organisation with the ability to understand and interact with the larger food system. To explore these concepts, the theory of hybrid organisations and the system innovation policy approach are discussed. Theory and empirical evidence learns that both concepts are complementary, as they both stress the importance of networking with actors that can be situated within or outside the supply chain.
Influence of particle elasticity in shear testers
Creators: name: Kadau, Dirk
name: Schwesig, Dominik
name: Theuerkauf, Joerg
name: Wolf, Dietrich E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two dimensional simulations of non-cohesive granular matter in a biaxial shear tester are discussed. The effect of particle elasticity on the mechanical behavior is investigated using two complementary distinct element methods (DEM): Soft particle molecular dynamics simulations (Particle Flow Code, PFC) for elastic particles and contact dynamics simulations (CD) for the limit of perfectly rigid particles. As soon as the system dilates to form shear bands, it relaxes the elastic strains so that one finds the same stresses for rigid respectively elastic particles in steady state ow. The principal stresses in steady state ow are determined. They are proportional to each other, giving rise to an effective macroscopic friction coefficient which is about 10 % smaller than the microscopic friction coefficient between the grains.
description: accepted for Granular Matter (some figures in arxiv-Version may be worse than in original version)
Effects of Economic Policies Aimed at Encouraging a Healthier Grain Consumption
Creators: name: Nordstrom, Jonas
name: Thunstrom, Linda
name: Nordstrom, Jonas
name: Thunstrom, Linda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: In this paper, we evaluate the effects of policy reforms aimed at achieving two policy objectives for grain consumption; (a) to double the intake of bread and breakfast cereals and (b) to ensure that half of the bread and breakfast cereals consumed are whole grain products. The overall aim of these policy objectives are to increase the dietary fibre intake from grain consumption so as to significantly contribute to the general recommended (minimum) increase of the fibre intake. Based on parameter estimates from a demand system we simulate the resulting changes in volumes purchased and fibre intake from two policy reforms entailing differentiated VAT on grain products. In the first reform we remove the VAT on "keyhole labelled" bread and breakfast cereals, in the second reform we consider a more extensive policy package of subsidizing the keyhole labelled bread and breakfast cereals by 20 percent while removing the VAT on all other grain products. Our results indicate that both reforms are likely to be successful in ensuring that the consumers attain the nutrition recommendations that half of the bread and breakfast cereals consumed are whole grain products, but that additional policy instruments are needed to reach the recommendation that the intake of bread and breakfast cereals should be doubled.
Elicitation of evidentials and miratives
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Escamilla, Ramón
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-310717-02: Evidentials, some miratives; 'I broke a cup', 'I was stretching and hit Justin'; 'I didn't recognize your voice'; 'The man that came by car is my brother'; 'she thinks I'm dumb'; 'I think she's mean'.
Surface charge of horizon symmetries of a black hole with supertranslation field
Creators: name: Iofa, Mikhail Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-horizon symmetries are studied for static black hole solutions to Einstein equations containing supertranslation field. We consider general diffeomorphisms which preserve the gauge and the near-horizon structure of the metric. Diffeomorphisms are generated by the vector fields and form a group of near-horizon symmetries. The densities of variation of the surface charge associated to asymptotic horizon symmetries of the metric are calculated in different coordinate systems connected by "large" transformations which change supertranslation field in the metric. Integrability of the variations of surfacecharge is considered in different coordinate systems. The case of integrable variation of the surface charge is studied in detail.
description: 22 pages, extended and corrected version