cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jacobi relations on naturally reductive homogeneous spaces
Creators: name: Jentsch, Tillmann
name: Weingart, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C21, 53C25, 53C30

description: Naturally reductive spaces, in general, can be seen as an adequate generalization of Riemannian symmetric spaces. Nevertheless, there are some that are closer to symmetric spaces than others. On the one hand, there is the series of Hopf fibrations over complex space forms, including the Heisenberg groups with their metrics of type H. On the other hand, there exist certain naturally reductive spaces in dimensions six and seven whose torsion forms have a distinguished algebraic property. All these spaces generalize geometric or algebraic properties of $3$--dimensional naturally reductive spaces and have the following point in common: along every geodesic the Jacobi operator satisfies an ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients which can be chosen independently of the given geodesic.
description: 46 pages. Some minor corrections
Performance of the formal seed sector in Africa: Findings from the African Seed Access Index
Creators: name: Mabaya, Edward
name: Mabaya, Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: For most Sub-Saharan African countries, the deregulation of formal seed systems in the early 1990s, in principle, ended state-owned monopolies in seed production, marketing, and distribution. In the last decade, significant investments have been made to liberalize seed sectors, resulting in increased participation of private seed. However, the transition towards competitive seed systems has been slow due to weak enabling environments. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the formal seed sector in Africa. Utilizing data collected from pilot studies, this paper reports key findings from The African Seed Access Index (TASAI). TASAI seeks to promote the creation and maintenance of enabling environments that will accelerate the development of competitive seed systems serving smallholder farmers. Sixteen key indicators under the five categories – Research and Development, Industry Competitiveness, Seed Policy and Regulations, Institutional Support and Service to Smallholder Farmers – are monitored and compared across African countries. Results from the four pilot countries (Kenya, Uganda, South Africa and Zimbabwe) reveal uneven—though in many places promising—progress towards competitive seed sectors that can supply famers with a wider menu of seed options.
Nonmetro Student Achievement on Par with Metro
Creators: name: Greenberg, Elizabeth J.
name: Teixeira, Ruy A.
name: Greenberg, Elizabeth J.
name: Teixeira, Ruy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Nonmetro 17-year-old students score only slightly lower than metro students in reading and mathematics and at the same level as metro students in science. While Southern scores are consistently lower than for the other regions (where nonmetro scores are frequently higher than metro scores), Southern nonmetro scores have been improving faster than scores in any other region and, in 1992, converged with Southern metro scores. Finally, we compare availability of advanced courses between metro and nonmetro schools and find that rural schools do not provide the advanced curriculum that urban schools do.
RXTE observations of single pulses of PSR B0531+21 I: Flux variations
Creators: name: Vivekanand, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is the first in the series that analyze about 1.87 million periods of PSR B0531+21 (Crab pulsar), observed by the PCA detector aboard the RXTE x-ray observatory. The Crab pulsar's x-ray light curve shows little variation over time scales ranging from days to a period (33.46 milli seconds). The standard deviation of its x-ray flux variation is $\approx$ 0.7% of its mean value, which is negligible compared to its radio flux variations. The phase resolved power spectrum of pulse to pulse x-ray flux variation shows no spectral feature; an upper limit to the peak of any possible broad spectral feature is 0.06% of the mean power. The x-ray fluxes in the two components of its integrated profile are unrelated to each other; their linear correlation coefficient is 0.0004$\pm$0.0010. ``Giant pulses'' that are routinely seen at radio wavelengths are absent here. This work sets very strong constraints on the connection (if any) between the flux variations at radio and x-ray energies, for example due to variation in the degree of coherence of the basic emitters. Its phase resolved x-ray flux variation shows a weak correlation with the integrated profile. If confirmed, this might be an important clue to understanding the x-ray emission mechanism of Crab pulsar.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Syncaris pacifica
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Atyidae
Syncaris
Syncaris pacifica

description: Syncaris pacifica (Holmes, 1895)
(Fig. 11H)
 Miersia pacifica Holmes, 1895: 577.
 Syncaris pacifica. — Holmes 1900: 211. — Hedgpeth 1968: 511, figs. 1, 2. — Standing 1981: 775. — Eng 1981: 1, fig. 1. — Martin & Wicksten 2004: 447, figs. 6–9 (extensive synonymy). — Kuris et al. 2007: 638, pl. 316C, 318 I.
 Diagnosis. Body slender. Rostrum with 1–2 dorsal, 5–9 ventral teeth, slender, about as long as carapace. Carapace with supraorbital, antennal, pterygostomian teeth. Stylocerite longer than first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite about as long as rostrum. Pereopods 1–4 with exopods, epipods; pereopod 5 without exopods. Pereopod 1 short, carpus short, distally widened, concave; chela when flexed folding against concavity of carpus. Pereopod 2 longer than pereopod 1, carpus shorter than chela. Pereopods 3–5 subequal, dactyls short, with spinules; merus of pereopod 3 with 3 spines, merus of pereopods 4, 5 with 2 spines each. Abdominal somites rounded. Telson with truncate or broadly rounded apex, with 2 short dorsolateral spines, 2 pairs terminal spines. Total length 50 mm.
 Color in life. Transparent to rust-colored, with scattered chromatophores, pale band at base of tail fan.
 Habitat and depth. Coastal streams, shallow water.
 Original range. Napa, Sonoma and Marin counties, California (see Martin & Wicksten 2004 for map). Type locality Sonoma County, California.
 Remarks. Syncaris pacifica, the California freshwater shrimp, is endangered due to habitat destruction and introduction of predatory fishes. The shrimp usually occur in slower reaches of streams, where they cling to aquatic vegetation and roots (Hedgpeth 1968, Eng 1981).
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on pages 50-51
Scope and scale in valuing coastal management in the remote Kimberley region of Australia
Creators: name: Spencer-Cotton, Alaya
name: Burton, Michael
name: Kragt, Marit Ellen
name: Spencer-Cotton, Alaya
name: Burton, Michael
name: Kragt, Marit Ellen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: discrete choice experiments
subject: willingness to pay
subject: environmental management
subject: non-market valuation
subject: scope tests

description: The Kimberley region in northern Western Australia is well known for its impressive coastal landscapes, unique marine ecosystems, its Aboriginal heritage and culture, and its rich minerals and metals deposits. To inform future management of Kimberley coastal waters, a discrete choice experiment was undertaken to estimate the values that Western Australians attach to different management outcomes in the Kimberley. These management outcomes (marine reserves, aboriginal values, recreational facilities and development) were made spatially explicit to show respondent in what regions of the Kimberley outcomes would occur. A split sample design was used to estimate values for the Kimberley region as a whole, and for two separate smaller sub-regions. This choice experiment design allows us to test for scope sensitivity, which has not been explored much in the choice experiment literature. This study is one of the few discrete choice experiments that explores scope effects for environmental non-market valuation. Willingness to pay results show similar estimates between the two smaller sub-regions. Willingness to pay for the attributes increased when management occurs at the larger geographical scope. However, it was less sensitive to changes in attribute scale. We contribute to the literature on exploring scope effects for environmental non-market valuation using discrete choice experiments in the remote Kimberley region of Western Australia.
Fundamental Approach to the Cosmological Constant Issue
Creators: name: Carmeli, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The issue of the cosmological constant is discussed in details and a solution to the problem is suggested.
description: 13 pages in LaTeX with 3 figures in eps files, paper presented at the Fifth Friedmann Seminar; the cls file necessary for successful PostScript generation is also attached
Danio albolineatus
Creators: name: Hui, Tan Heok
name: Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok
name: Huan, Liew Jia
name: Wei, Low Bi
name: Hing, Rayson Lim Bock
name: Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik
name: Yeo, Darren C. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Danio
Danio albolineatus

description: Danio albolineatus (Blyth)
(Fig. 21, SEA[SPC])
 References. Lim & Tan, 2011; Baker & Lim, 2012; Tan et al., 2013; Tan & Low, 2014.
 Distribution. Mandai area (Lim & Tan, 2011; Tan & Low, 2014); Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013); Bukit Timah area (Tan HH, pers. obs., February 2015); Tengah area (Cai YX, pers. obs., 11 January 2017).
description: Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 159, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987
The effects of seeing on Sersic profiles. II. The Moffat PSF
Creators: name: Trujillo, I.
name: Aguerri, A.
name: Cepa, J.
name: Gutierrez, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of seeing on Sersic r^{1/n} profile parameters are extensively studied using a Moffat function. This analytical approximation to the point spread function (PSF) is shown to provide the best fit to the PSF predicted from atmospheric turbulence theory when beta=4.765. The Moffat PSF is additionally shown to contain the Gaussian PSF as a limiting case beta->infinity. The Moffat function is also shown to be numerically well behaved when modelling narrow PSFs in HST images. Seeing effects are computed for elliptically symmetric surface brightness distributions. The widely used assumption of circular symmetry when studying the effects of seeing on intrinsically elliptical sources is shown to produce significant discrepancies with respect to the true effects of seeing on these sources. A prescription to correct raw (observed) central intensities, effective radii, index n and mean effective surface brightness is given.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS accepted
Effects of household asset holdings on child educational performance: Evidence from Tanzania
Creators: name: Kafle, Kashi
name: Jolliffe, Dean
name: Winter-Nelson, Alex
name: Kafle, Kashi
name: Jolliffe, Dean
name: Winter-Nelson, Alex
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: asset ownership
subject: child education
subject: highest grade completed
subject: test scores

description: This paper estimates differentiated effects of household asset ownership on educational outcomes of children ages 6 and above in Tanzania. The paper contributes to the literature by providing a theoretical framework that portrays a mechanism for different assets to have differential effects on child education. We use data from Living Standard Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) in Tanzania which provides panel data on both household wellbeing and agricultural practices and resources. Use of the LSMS-ISA data allows us to disentangle the complicated relationship between child education and agricultural assets in ways which would not be possible using traditional cross-sectional surveys of either household wellbeing or farm practices. We use the Hausman-Taylor instrumental variable (HTIV) panel-data estimator to efficiently control for time-invariant variables omitted from our specifications while allowing us to identify the effects of fixed controls while correcting for the endogeneity of assets. We find that, controlling for household income, different asset types have opposing effects on child educational outcomes. Household durables and housing quality characteristics have positive effects but agricultural assets have adverse effects on highest grade completed and test scores. We demonstrate that the negative effect of agricultural assets emerges from higher opportunity cost of schooling and that the effect is more pronounced among boys and children from poor households, grain crop farmers, and rural residents.
Piezoresistivity and conductance anisotropy of tunneling-percolating systems
Creators: name: Grimaldi, C.
name: Maeder, T.
name: Ryser, P.
name: Straessler, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Percolating networks based on interparticle tunneling conduction are shown to yield a logarithmic divergent piezoresistive response close to the critical point as long as the electrical conductivity becomes nonuniversal. At the same time, the piezoresistivity or, equivalently, the conductivity anisotropy exponent $λ$ remains universal also when the conductive exponent is not, suggesting a purely geometric origin of $λ$. We discuss our results in relation to the nature of transport for a variety of materials such as carbon-black--polymer composites and RuO_2-glass systems which show nonuniversal transport properties and coexistence between tunneling and percolating behaviors.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Added discussion on experiments
Syncaris pasadenae
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Atyidae
Syncaris
Syncaris pasadenae

description: Syncaris pasadenae (Kingsley, 1897)
(Fig. 11I)
 Caridina pasadenae Kingsley, 1897: 98, pl. 3, figs. 1–7. — Holmes 1900: 214.
 Syncaris Trewi Holmes, 1900: 213.
 Syncaris pasadenae. — Hedgpeth 1968: 516. — Holthuis 1993: 63, fig.50. — Martin & Wicksten 2004: 447 (extensive synonymy).
 Diagnosis. More robust than S. pacifica. Rostrum without dorsal teeth, bifid at apex, with 3–5 ventral teeth. Carapace with supraorbital, antennal, pterygostomian teeth. Stylocerite longer than first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite rounded, blade exceeding lateral tooth, not as long as rostrum. Pereopods 1–4 with exopods, epipods. Pereopod 1 with chela, fingers gaping, ending in tufts of setae. Pereopod 2 with carpus longer than chela, fingers of chela ending in tufts of setae. Pereopods 3–5 elongated, with slender dactyls, dactyls with spinules. Merus of third pereopod with 1 spine. Abdominal pleura 1–4 rounded, fifth pleuron with spine or point. Telson tapering to round or truncate apex, with 2 pairs dorsolateral spines, 2 pairs terminal spines. Uropods longer than telson. Total length 32–40 mm.
 Color in life. Not reported.
 Habitat and depth. Streams of Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, especially Los Angeles River drainage; shallow water.
 Range. Los Angeles River drainage, streams near San Gabriel and Pasadena, and Warm Creek, San Bernardino County, California. See Hedgpeth (1968) for distribution map. Type locality streams near Pasadena.
 Remarks. The last verified collection of this species was in 1933. Despite extensive searching, it has not been found again. The streams in which it lived have undergone extensive habitat destruction, which probably contributed to the extinction of the species.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 51
Model-based Fault Diagnosis via Structural Analysis of a Reverse Osmosis Plant
Creators: name: Göpfert, Johannes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: structural analysys
fault diagnosis
reverse osmosis plant

description: The presentation shows a proposal for an online fault diagnosis system of a reverse osmosis plant. For the model-based approach, a mathematical model of a reverse osmosis plant has been developed. The model contains a new approach for modeling the interaction between the high-pressure pump, the brine valve, and the membrane module. Furthermore, six faults considered for fault diagnosis have been modeled. Two of the faults are plant faults: The leakage of the feed stream and membrane fouling. The other four faults are sensor or actuator malfunctions.
The impact of urban growth on agricultural and rural non-farm growth in Kenya
Creators: name: Binswanger-Mkhize, Hans P.
name: Johnson, Timothy
name: Samboko, Paul Chimuka
name: You, Liangzhi
name: Binswanger-Mkhize, Hans P.
name: Johnson, Timothy
name: Samboko, Paul Chimuka
name: You, Liangzhi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Land Economics/Use

description: To estimate the impact of urban growth on agricultural and rural nonfarm income growth we develop an urban gravity variable that reflects the economic activity of a city– total nighttime light emitted – which is a proxy income of each city. The light intensities were transformed into urban gravity variables depending on the distance of sample villages from the city, and their growth rates used for the analysis in regression equations. The key findings are as follows: Equal urban growth in all locations has an elasticity of 0.50 on agricultural income growth, and of 0.19 on rural non-farm income growth. Urban growth also has a large effect on education, followed by commercialization and then on the use of modern varieties. These in turn have a strong impact on agricultural and rural non-farm income. National urban growth has a larger impact on agricultural and rural non-farm growth than local urban growth. Once we account for the other control variables (roads, education, commercialization, modern varieties), the urban growth impact on agricultural growth is cut in half and for rural non-farm growth the urban growth impact disappears. For non-farm income almost the full impact of urban growth can be explained by its impacts on education. The elasticities of urban growth with respect to agricultural incomes via education, commercialization and HYV are 0.12, 0.10 and 0.05 respectively. Curiously, we cannot show an impact of agricultural growth on rural non-farm income growth.
Does invasive river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) alter leaf litter decomposition dynamics in arid zone temporary rivers?
Creators: name: Wasserman, Ryan J.
name: Sanga, Sia
name: Mmabaledi Buxton
name: Tatenda Dalu
name: Cuthbert, Ross N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Riparian zones are important for the maintenance of aquatic ecosystem functional integrity, yet are considered to be particularly vulnerable to plant invasions. The role of terrestrial riparian plant invasions in compromising aquatic ecosystem processes is, however, still poorly understood. This issue is particularly relevant for temporary rivers, which are understudied compared to permanent river systems, despite their ubiquity and largescale contributions to biogeochemical processes. Here we experimentally assessed leaf litter breakdown dynamics in situ in a temporary river in arid southeastern Botswana, Southern Africa. We contrasted aquatic leaching and microbial and invertebrate litter breakdown contributions to the native leadwood Combretum imberbe and invasive river red gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis in the Lotsane River. Fine-mesh (detritivore exclusion) and coarse-mesh (detritivore inclusion) bags were separately filled with leaf litter from each species and deployed in the river during a hydroperiod (wet phase), with decomposition measured over a 6-week period. E. camaldulensis shed significantly more leachate than the native C. imberbe. Significantly more microbial and detritivore breakdown was, however, observed in native than in invasive leaf litter. Overall, invertebrates contributed little to biological leaf litter breakdown processes compared to microbial breakdown contributions. Although significantly higher in native leaves, low invertebrate numbers were found in leaf litter in the study. This study highlights the role of microbial contributions to detrital decay in temporary arid zone rivers, whereas invertebrate contributions were relatively minor. The study further contributes to our understanding of how invasive riparian plant species alter aquatic detrital pool dynamics in invaded temporary wetland ecosystems.
Palaemonidae Rafinesque 1815
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae

description: Key to Species of family Palaemonidae  1. Posterior margin of telson with 2 pairs spines. Pleurobranch on third maxilliped. Rostrum always with teeth.............. 2
– Posterior margin of telson with 3 pairs spines. No pleurobranch on third maxilliped. Rostrum with or without teeth........ 4
 2. Carpus of pereopod 2 distinctly shorter than chela. San Diego, California south........................ Palaemon ritteri
– Carpus of pereopod 2 longer than chela. San Francisco Bay south............................................... 3
 3. Rostrum with subapical tooth, mandible with palp. Total length can exceed 25 mm............... Palaemon macrodactylus
 – Rostrum without subapical tooth, mandible without palp. Total length reaching 25 mm.............. Palaemonetes hiltoni
4. Rostrum without dorsal teeth............................................................................ 5
– Rostrum with dorsal teeth............................................................................... 6
 5. Body stout, major chelipeds heavy, lobster-like. Symbiotic with ascidians..................... Ascidonia californiensis
 – Body, major chelipeds slender. Not symbiotic with ascidians................................ Pseudocoutierea elegans
 6. Rostrum arched over eye, carapace without supraorbital teeth................................ Periclimenesinfraspinis
 – Rostrum not arched over eye, carapace with supraorbital teeth................................. Palaemonella holmesi
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 52
Danio rerio
Creators: name: Hui, Tan Heok
name: Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok
name: Huan, Liew Jia
name: Wei, Low Bi
name: Hing, Rayson Lim Bock
name: Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik
name: Yeo, Darren C. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Danio
Danio rerio

description: Danio rerio (Hamilton)
(Fig. 23, SEA[SPC])
 References. Tan et al., 2013.
 Distribution. Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013).
description: Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 159, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987
Characterising optical fibre transmission matrices using metasurface reflector stacks for lensless imaging without distal access
Creators: name: Gordon, George S. D.
name: Gataric, Milana
name: Ramos, Alberto Gil C. P.
name: Mouthaan, Ralf
name: Williams, Calum
name: Yoon, Jonghee
name: Wilkinson, Timothy D.
name: Bohndiek, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The ability to form images through hair-thin optical fibres promises to open up new applications from biomedical imaging to industrial inspection. Unfortunately, deployment has been limited because small changes in mechanical deformation (e.g. bending) and temperature can completely scramble optical information, distorting images. Since such changes are dynamic, correcting them requires measurement of the fibre transmission matrix (TM) in situ immediately before imaging. TM calibration typically requires access to both the proximal and distal facets of the fibre simultaneously, which is not feasible during most realistic usage scenarios without compromising the thin form factor with bulky distal optics. Here, we introduce a new approach to determine the TM of multi-mode fibre (MMF) or multi-core fibre (MCF) in a reflection-mode configuration without access to the distal facet. A thin stack of structured metasurface reflectors is used at the distal facet to introduce wavelength-dependent, spatially heterogeneous reflectance profiles. We derive a first-order fibre model that compensates these wavelength-dependent changes in the TM and show that, consequently, the reflected data at 3 wavelengths can be used to unambiguously reconstruct the full TM by an iterative optimisation algorithm. We then present a method for sample illumination and imaging following TM reconstruction. Unlike previous approaches, our method does not require the TM to be unitary making it applicable to physically realistic fibre systems. We demonstrate TM reconstruction and imaging first using simulated non-unitary fibres and noisy reflection matrices, then using much larger experimentally-measured TMs of a densely-packed MCF, and finally on an experimentally-measured multi-wavelength set of TMs recorded from a MMF. Our findings pave the way for online transmission matrix calibration in situ in hair-thin optical fibres
description: Main text: 38 pages, 9 Figures, Appendices: 26 pages, 6 Figures. Corrected author affiliation
Occupational Choice and Agricultural Labor Exits in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: McCullough, Ellen B.
name: McCullough, Ellen B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Labor and Human Capital
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The process of economic development is characterized by rising output per agricultural worker and the exit of labor from agriculture to other sectors, which together result in rising incomes and falling incidence of poverty. This paper explores the relationship between labor productivity and the occupational choices that underlie the structural transformation process. I model households' decisions to participate in different activities (farming, wage employment, and self employment) through operation of a household non-farm enterprise. I estimate a structural, polytomous model of occupational choice using nationally representative household survey datasets from Tanzania, matched geospatially to several other relevant datasets. Then, I simulate the response of occupational choice to stylized productivity shocks to farming, wage employment, and self employment. I find that participation in farming is not responsive to productivity shocks of any sort. This is most likely because farming participation rates are already quite high. Wage and self employment participation do respond to wage and self employment productivity shocks, respectively. These results highlight the importance of investing in improved smallholder farmer productivity, especially along the intensive margins of farming participation and especially in places with low population density and poor market access, where farming productivity gains are the only ones to impact households.
Cocrystallization with syringic acid presents a new opportunity for effectively reducing the hepatotoxicity of isoniazid
Creators: name: Liu, Fang
name: Jiang, Fu-Bin
name: Li, Yan-Tuan
name: Liu, Ren-Min
name: Wu, Zhi-Yong
name: Yan, Cui-Wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objective: With the aim of surmounting the severe hepatotoxicity induced by antituberculosis drug isoniazid (INH), a novel cocrystal of INH with hepatoprotective nutraceutical syringic acid (SYA), namely INH-SYA, was designed and prepared through cocrystallization strategy, which is an intriguing attempt to reduce the toxic side effects of INH. Significance: The studies of this paper not only provides new thinking for inhibiting toxic side effects of drugs through cocrystallization strategy, but also opens a new pathway for the application of nutraceuticals in the pharmacy. Methods: INH and SYA were successfully crystallized into the same crystal lattice through combining volatilization with solvent assisted methods. The resulting cocrystal was structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results: The SCXRD analysis for the present cocrystal revealed that it has a 1:1 ratio of INH to SYA with two molecules INH homodimers and two SYA molecules, in which they are arranged alternately linked by hydrogen bonds to form a six molecules ring structure (R66(40)) in crystal. The systematic evaluation of the in vitro/vivo suggested that, owing to the formation of cocrystal, the dissolution efficiency of SYA was increased 5.85-fold compared with that of coarse SYA, and the oral bioavailability of the cocrystal in rats was enhanced by 3.66 times. As a result, the present INH-SYA cocrystal almost removed INH induced serious hepatotoxicity, which was further demonstrated by the hepatotoxicity studies in rats. Conclusion: INH-SYA cocrystal could effectively reducing the hepatotoxicity of isoniazid.
Formation of Obscuring Walls by Radiation Force from Circumnuclear Starbursts and Implications for Starburst-Active Galactic Nucleus Connection
Creators: name: Ohsuga, Ken
name: Umemura, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the formation of dusty gas walls induced by a circumnuclear starburst around an AGN. We concentrate our attention on the role of the radiation force by a starburst as well as an AGN, where the effects of optical depth of dusty gas are taken into consideration. In two-dimensional axisymmetric space, we analyze the configuration and the stability of geometrically thin walls which are in balance between radiation pressure and gravity. As a result, it is shown that the radiation force by the circumnuclear starburst works to stabilize optically thick walls surrounding the nucleus. In the case of a brighter starburst with a fainter AGN, there form double walls, an inner one of which is located between the nucleus and the circumnuclear starburst, and an outer one of which enshrouds both the starburst regions and the nucleus. The total extinction (Av) of both walls turns out to be ~10 for a brighter starburst. As a consequence, double walls could heavily obscure the nucleus to make the AGN type 2. The outer wall may provide an explanation for the recent indications for large-scale obscuring materials in Seyfert 2's. Also, it is predicted that the AGN type is shifts from type 2 to type 1 in several times 10^7 yr according to the stellar evolution in the starburst. In contrast, if the AGN itself is much brighter than the starburst as a quasar is, then neither wall forms regardless of the starburst activity and the nucleus is likely to be identified as type 1. To conclude, the radiatively-supported gas walls could be responsible for the putative correlation between AGN type and the starbursts, whereby Seyfert 2 galaxies are more frequently associated with circumnuclear starbursts than type 1, whereas quasars are mostly observed as type 1 regardless of star-forming activity in the host galaxies.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Shifts in the partitioning of benthic and pelagic primary production within and across summers in Lake Mývatn, Iceland
Creators: name: McCormick, Amanda R.
name: Phillips, Joseph S.
name: Botsch, Jamieson C.
name: Ives, Anthony R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology

description: The relative contributions of benthic and pelagic primary production affect ecosystem function, but studies documenting natural variation in the partitioning of production (i.e., autotrophic structure) are uncommon. This study examines autotrophic structure of shallow Lake Mývatn over 7 summers (2012–2018). We used routine measurements of benthic gross primary production (GPP), pelagic chlorophyll a concentrations, and pelagic production to estimate benthic and pelagic maximum productivity (Pmax) across summers. With these parameters and corresponding incident light and water clarity data, we estimated in situ benthic and pelagic GPP. Our results demonstrated substantial variation in Mývatn’s autotrophic structure within and across summers. Benthic GPP often exceeded pelagic GPP. However, periods of increased phytoplankton abundance were associated with increased light attenuation and, consequently, declines in benthic GPP. These effects were strongest in 3 summers with dense cyanobacteria blooms, in which the benthic fraction of total production declined from >95% to <20%. Reduced light levels over a 2-week period were associated with low benthic Pmax, implying that past shading by phytoplankton may decrease the photosynthetic potential of benthic producers. Moreover, variation in estimated benthic Pmax values can affect the point at which autotrophic structure shifts toward pelagic-dominated conditions. Overall, our study demonstrates that the balance between benthic and pelagic production can vary greatly at intra- and interannual scales because of changes in the photosynthetic capacity of both pelagic and benthic primary producers. Understanding natural variation in lake autotrophic structure may inform how benthic and pelagic production respond to ongoing and future environmental changes.
Danio rerio
Creators: name: Hui, Tan Heok
name: Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok
name: Huan, Liew Jia
name: Wei, Low Bi
name: Hing, Rayson Lim Bock
name: Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik
name: Yeo, Darren C. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Danio
Danio rerio

description: Danio rerio ‘frankei’
(Fig. 24 [SPC])
 Remarks. This species is occasionally sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).
description: Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 160, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987
Ascidonia californiensis
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Ascidonia
Ascidonia californiensis

description: Ascidonia californiensis (Rathbun, 1902)
(Fig. 13A, B)
 Pontonia californiensis Rathbun, 1902a: 902; 1904: 33, fig. 11. — Schmitt 1921: 38, fig. 23. — Holthuis 1951: 145, pl. 46, figs. a–i, pl. 47, figs. a–c. — Word & Charwat 1976 b: 169. — Standing 1981: 778. — Wicksten 1989a: 18.
 Ascidonia californiensis. — Fransen 2002: 203, figs. 129–137.
 Diagnosis. Rostrum about as long as first segment of antennular peduncle, flattened, without teeth. Carapace without teeth. Stylocerite short, blunt, first segment of antennular peduncle with very small distolateral spine. Scaphocerite oval in shape, blade about as long as inwardly curved lateral tooth. Pereopod 1 short, slender, chelate. Pereopod 2 more robust, unequal in size, shape; larger chela with 2 teeth closing against each other on dactyl, propodus; smaller chela without teeth, fingers slender, gaping. Pereopods 3–5 with hooked, biunguiculate dactyls. Abdominal pleura rounded, may be widely spread in ovigerous female. Telson with 2 pairs large dorsolateral spines, 3 pairs small terminal spines. Total length to 29 mm.
 Color in life. Yellowish white or dull orange brown.
 Habitat and depth. Subtidal rocky areas, commensal in ascidians, to 55 m.
 Range. Carmel, Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Is., off Palos Verdes Point, California. Type locality off Santa Cruz I., California.
 Remarks. This symbiotic shrimp has been found in the branchial basket of the large solitary ascidian Ascidia vermiformis.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 52
Spectroscopic Analysis of Two Carbon Rich Post-AGB Stars
Creators: name: Reddy, Bacham E.
name: Lambert, David L.
name: Gonzalez, G.
name: Yong, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chemical compositions of the C-rich pAGB stars IRAS 05113+1347 and IRAS 22272+5424 are determined from high-resolution optical spectra using standard LTE model atmosphere-based techniques. The stars are C, N, and $s$-process enriched suggesting efficient operation of the third-dredge up in the AGB star following a first dredge-up that increased the N abundance. Lithium is present with an abundance requiring Li manufacture. With this pair, abundance analyses are now available for 11 C-rich pAGBs. A common history is indicated and, in particular, the $s$-abundances, especially the relative abundances of light to heavy $s$-process elements, follow recent predictions for the third dredge-up in AGB stars.
description: 41 pages (including 10 figs). 2001, ApJ, Accepted
Tunable dual-comb from an all-polarization-maintaining single-cavity dual-color Yb:fiber laser
Creators: name: Fellinger, Jakob
name: Mayer, Aline S.
name: Winkler, Georg
name: Grosinger, Wilfrid
name: Truong, Gar-Wing
name: Droste, Stefan
name: Li, Chen
name: Heyl, Christoph M.
name: Hartl, Ingmar
name: Heckl, Oliver H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate dual-comb generation from an all-polarization-maintaining dual-color ytterbium (Yb) fiber laser. Two pulse trains with center wavelengths at 1030 nm and 1060 nm respectively are generated within the same laser cavity with a repetition rate around 77 MHz. Dual-color operation is induced using a tunable mechanical spectral filter, which cuts the gain spectrum into two spectral regions that can be independently mode-locked. Spectral overlap of the two pulse trains is achieved outside the laser cavity by amplifying the 1030-nm pulses and broadening them in a nonlinear fiber. Spatially overlapping the two arms on a simple photodiode then generates a down-converted radio frequency comb. The difference in repetition rates between the two pulse trains and hence the line spacing of the down-converted comb can easily be tuned in this setup. This feature allows for a flexible adjustment of the tradeoff between non-aliasing bandwidth vs. measurement time in spectroscopy applications. Furthermore, we show that by fine-tuning the center-wavelengths of the two pulse trains, we are able to shift the down-converted frequency comb along the radio-frequency axis. The usability of this dual-comb setup is demonstrated by measuring the transmission of two different etalons while the laser is completely free-running.
Search for E_2g phonon modes in MgB_2 single crystals by point-contact spectroscopy
Creators: name: Naidyuk, Yu. G.
name: Yanson, I. K.
name: Lee, O. E. Kvitnitskaya S.
name: Tajima, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron-phonon interaction in magnesium diboride MgB_2 single crystals is investigated by point-contact (PC) spectroscopy. For the first time the electron coupling with E_2g phonon modes is resolved in the PC spectra. The correlation between intensity of the extremely broad E_2g modes in the PC spectra and value of the superconducting gap is established. Our observations favor current theoretical models for electron-phonon mediated superconductivity in MgB_2 and they better match the harmonic phonons model.
description: 4 pages incl. 4 figs., RevTex4
Palaemon ritteri Holmes 1895
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Palaemon
Palaemon ritteri

description: Palaemon ritteri Holmes, 1895
(Fig. 12B–D)
 Palaemon ritteri Holmes, 1895: 579, pl. 21, figs. 29–35; 1900: 216. — Rathbun 1904: 29. — Schmitt 1921: 35, fig. 21. — Holthuis 1952a: 173, pl. 44, figs. a–g. — Word & Charwat 1976: 163. — Chace & Abbott 1980: 569. — Méndez 1981: 73, fig. 252. — Wicksten 1983b: 10; 1989a: 14; 2006: 6. — Kerstitch 1989: 76, fig. 184. — Wicksten & Hendrickx 2003: 60.
 Diagnosis. Rostrum as long as or longer than scaphocerite, with 8–10 dorsal, 3–4 ventral teeth, distal part unarmed. Carapace with antennal, branchiostegal teeth. Basal segment of antennular peduncle with anterolateral tooth, small distolateral tooth. Scaphocerite with blade overreaching lateral tooth. Pereopod 1 chelate, shorter than pereopod 2. Carpus of pereopod 2 shorter than chela proper. Pereopods 3–5 with simple dactyls. Pleura of abdominal somites 1–4 rounded, pleura of somite 5 with anterolateral tooth. Telson with 2 pairs anterolateral spines. Total length 40 mm.
 Color in l ife. Translucent with scattered dark chromatophores or banded with brown.
 Habitat and depth. Tide pools, bays, usually intertidal.
 Range. San Diego, California to Galapagos Is. Type locality San Diego. Although Chace & Abbott (1980: 569) reported this species as occurring naturally in California, I know of no specimens of this species reported in California since the type was collected.
 Remarks. Palaemon ritteri has been collected on the western coast of Baja California at Estero de Punta Banda and Magdalena Bay (Wicksten 1983, 2006). The species is common in tide pools of the Gulf of California and farther south (Holthuis 1952a).
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 53
Agri-Food Systems and Youth Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Jayne, T. S.
name: Holtzman, John S.
name: Yeboah, Felix Kwame
name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Oehmke, James F.
name: Jayne, T. S.
name: Holtzman, John S.
name: Yeboah, Felix Kwame
name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Oehmke, James F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Security and Poverty

description: As part of broader efforts to address major global challenges―such as climate change, urbanization, gender equality, and nutrition―USAID’s Feed the Future Program hosted a series of Roundtable Discussions in early 2016. These meetings brought together a diverse set of specialists to identify new emerging issues and strategies for effectively achieving the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Toward this end, Feed the Future assembled 44 academics and representatives of African governments, field-based youth programs and development organizations on May 17, 2016 in Washington, DC for the Youth & Employment Roundtable Symposium.
Responses of morphology-based phytoplankton functional groups to spatial variation in two tropical reservoirs with long water-residence time
Creators: name: De Magalhães, Leonardo
name: Rangel, Luciana Machado
name: De Melo Rocha, Adriana
name: Cardoso, Simone Jaqueline
name: Da Silva, Lúcia Helena Sampaio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The responses of phytoplankton to the spatial variation of 2 tropical reservoirs with long water-residence times was studied by means of morphology-based functional groups (MBFGs). The groups were compared among the pelagic, tributary, and downstream zones to determine the spatial distribution and its main drivers. Based on the zonation concept, we hypothesized that phytoplankton tolerant to nutrient depletion would be more important in the pelagic zones, and phytoplankton resistant to light limitation and turbulence would be more important in the lotic zones. We also expected nutrients and/or light availability (bottom-up control) to be the main drivers of MBFGs spatiality in tropical systems. Our results indicated the importance of this control for phytoplankton spatial distribution. The phytoplankton biovolume was more homogeneous in Serra da Mesa Reservoir (SER), while in Três Marias Reservoir (TRM) biovolume was higher in the pelagic zone. MBFG III dominated in the pelagic zone of TRM while MBFG V dominated in its tributary. The higher biovolume of MBFG III was associated with low dissolved phosphate and high water temperature and pH in SER, and lower dissolved inorganic nitrogen and high pH in the pelagic zone of TRM, as shown by RDA analyses. The dominance of MBFG V in the tributary is probably a response to higher turbidity and dissolved organic carbon availability. We conclude that within zones, resources (nutrients and light availability), temperature, and pH were the main drivers of the phytoplankton in these reservoirs. Furthermore, the MBFG scheme can be used to monitor phytoplankton spatial distribution.
MOESM1 of CGGBP1 regulates CTCF occupancy at repeats
Creators: name: Divyesh Patel
name: Manthan Patel
name: Subhamoy Datta
name: Singh, Umashankar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: The supplementary tables with captions are presented in Additional file 1.