cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Current patterns of water and beverage consumption among Mexican children and adolescents aged 1-18 years: Analysis of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012
Creators: name: Piernas, C.
name: Barquera, S.
name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2013

description: Objective: To evaluate patterns of water consumption from plain water, beverages and foods among Mexican children and adolescents and to compare actual patterns of total daily water intake with the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Design: We analysed one 24 h dietary recall from Mexican children and adolescents. We calculated intakes of total daily water and water from foods and from beverages. Actual total water intake per capita was subtracted from the DRI for water to calculate the shortfall. Setting: Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2012. Subjects: Mexican children and adolescents (n 6867) aged 1-18 years. Results: Approximately 73 % of children and adolescents aged 1 -18 years reported drinking plain water. Beverages and plain water represented 65.5 % and 26.5% of total daily water intake, respectively. Among 1-3-year-olds, the top three main sources of water were from foods, plain water and water from plain milk. Among 4-8- and 9-13-year-olds, the main sources were from foods, plain water and agua fresca (fruit water). Among 14-18-year-olds, the main sources of water were plain water, water from foods and soda. A higher proportion of 1-3-year-olds and 4-8-year-olds met the DRI for water (38 % and 29 %, respectively). Among 9-13-year-olds and 14-18-year-olds, 13-19 % of children met the DRI for water. Conclusions: Total daily water intakes remain below DRI levels in all age groups. Although plain water still contributes the greatest proportion to daily water intake among fluids, caloric beverages are currently major sources of water especially among older children and adolescents.
Infestation, population dynamics, growth and reproductive cycle of Myzostoma cirriferum (Myzostomida), an obligate symbiont of the comatulid crinoid Antedon bifida (Crinoidea, Echinodermata)
Creators: name: EECKHAUT, Igor
name: JANGOUX, Michel
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1997

description: The population dynamics of the symbiont Myzostoma cirriferum and the dynamics of infestation of its host Antedon bifida were investigated at Morgat (Brittany, France) over a 5-year period. The larger the host, the greater the infestation. The infestation varies according to the season: it is maximum in winter, decreases in spring, and becomes stabilized at a low level from summer to the next winter. The huge infestation in winter is due to the recruitment of young individuals into the population of M. cirriferum. That recruitment is independent of myzostome reproductive activity (ovarian maturity, spermatophoral emissions, and egg layings are steady throughout the year), but may be linked to an increase in the comatulid feeding activity: in feeding more, comatulids can catch more infestive-stage myzostome larvae. In spring, the infestation falls, which may be due to both the myzostomes' natural mortality and the appearance of amphipods on the hosts which may act as predators. From summer to the next winter, infestation stays stable, which can be explained by the equilibrium existing between the natural mortality of the myzostomes and their continuous reproduction. The longevity of M. cirriferum is estimated to be ca 6 months.
(426) David Robert Bryson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The public health and economic benefits of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages
Creators: name: Thompson, J.W.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Brownell, K.D.
name: Willett, W.C.
name: Ludwig, D.S.
name: Farley, T.
name: Chaloupka, F.J.
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 2009

description: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has increased in recent decades; evidence suggests that consumption of these beverages contributes to obesity and adverse health outcomes. The authors discuss the potential public health and economic benefits of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages.
Monotone Sobolev Mappings of planar domains and surfaces
Creators: name: Iwaniec, Tadeusz
name: Onninen, Jani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An approximation theorem of Youngs (1948) asserts that a continuous map between compact oriented topological 2-manifolds (surfaces) is monotone if and only if it is a uniform limit of homeomorphisms. Analogous approximation of Sobolev mappings is at the very heart of Geometric Function Theory (GFT) and Nonlinear Elasticity (NE). In both theories the mappings in question arise naturally as weak limits of energy-minimizing sequences of homeomorphisms. As a result of this, the energy-minimal mappings turn out to be monotone. In the present paper we show that, conversely, monotone mappings in the Sobolev space $W^{1,p}, 1
Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: A review
Creators: name: Conde, W.L.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Monteiro, C.A.
name: Moura, E.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: A landmark review of studies published prior to 1989 on socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity supported the view that obesity in the developing world would be essentially a disease of the socioeconomic elite. The present review, on studies conducted in adult populations from developing countries, published between 1989 and 2003, shows a different scenario for the relationship between SES and obesity. Although more studies are necessary to clarify the exact nature of this relationship, particularly among men, three main conclusions emerge from the studies reviewed: 1. Obesity in the developing world can no longer be considered solely a disease of groups with higher SES. 2.The burden of obesity in each developing country tends to shift towards the groups with lower SES as the country's gross national product (GNP) increases. 3. The shift of obesity towards women with low SES apparently occurs at an earlier stage of economic development than it does for men. The crossover to higher rates of obesity among women of low SES is found at a GNP per capita of about US$ 2500, the mid-point value for iower-middle-income economies. The results of this review reinforce the urgent need to: include obesity prevention as a relevant topic on the public health agenda in developing countries; improve the access of all social classes in these countries to reliable information on the determinants and consequences of obesity; and design and implement consistent public actions on the physical, economic, and sociocultural environment that make healthier choices concerning diet and physical activity feasible for all. A significant step in this direction was taken with the approval of the Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health by the World Health Assembly in May 2004.
Effectiveness and safety of chronic hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antivirals in patients with rheumatic diseases: A case-series
Creators: name: Kida, Takashi
name: Umemura, Atsushi
name: Shunya Kaneshita
name: Sagawa, Risa
name: Inoue, Takuya
name: Toyama, Shogo
name: Wada, Makoto
name: Kohno, Masataka
name: Oda, Ryo
name: Inaba, Tohru
name: Itoh, Yoshito
name: Kawahito, Yutaka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for patients with concomitant hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and rheumatic diseases (RDs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: This was a single-center observational case-series study conducted in Japan from 2014 to 2018. The primary endpoint was the sustained virological response (SVR) rate 24 weeks after the end of therapy (EoT24). We also evaluated hepatological and rheumatological outcomes and adverse events. Results: Of the 2314 patients with RDs, 18 received DAA therapy (RA = 11, other RDs = 7). The SVR rate for the initial DAA therapy was 89% (16/18). The remaining two achieved SVR with secondary DAA therapy. Along with HCV elimination, hepatological parameters improved significantly from baseline to EoT24. During the study period, no patients newly developed cirrhosis or HCC after HCV elimination. Several patients showed improvement in RDs activity. In RA patients, the simplified disease activity index decreased significantly from baseline to EoT24 (median [interquartile range]: 11.53 [5.14–14.89] vs. 4.06 [2.08–9.05], respectively). On-treatment adverse events were minimal, while two patients experienced tuberculosis reactivation after EoT. Conclusion: DAA therapy was effective and safe, providing hepatological and rheumatological benefits in HCV-infected patients with RDs. Immune reconstitution following HCV elimination should be noted.
ÉTUDES SUR LES VARIATIONS DE LITTORINA SAXATILIS V. SUR DES CAS DE VARIABILITÉ EXTRÊME
Creators: name: FISCHER-PIETTE, E.
name: GAILLARD, J.-M.
name: JAMES, B.-L.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1963

description: The authors, having examined hundreds of populations of Littorina saxatilis around the European atlantic coast found two in which variation in shell colour was very much greater than in the others : at Rubna-na-Faing, Scotland, 400 specimens collected had 164 colour forms ; at Castoul-Plage, Brittany, 468 specimens collected had 155 colour forms.
Both populations had many specimens with characters of two or more previously described colour varieties. In some the colour patterns of one variety were completely superimposed on those of another; in others they occurred on different parts of the shell, for example, in parallel bands passing down from the upper suture to the lower suture (or base of shell) or, more frequently, the patterns changed on two or more occasions as the shell grew and, surprisingly, even returned to those which occurred on older parts of the shell. The problems arising from these observations suggest an interesting programme for further study.
A step towards a consistent treatment of chiral theories at higher loop order: the abelian case
Creators: name: Cherchiglia, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As recently pointed out, regularization schemes defined in four-dimensions may also face inconsistencies in the presence of chiral fermions. In this work, we extend this analysis to two-loop order. Adopting the implicit regularization as working arena, we discuss in detail how a consistent version of the method can be envisaged, and present many of the subtleties that appear at two-loop order using an abelian chiral model as working example.
description: Version accepted for publication at Nuclear Physics B
A Blind Zone Alert System based on Intra-vehicular Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Lin, Jiun-Ren
name: Talty, Timothy
name: Tonguz, Ozan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the increasing number of sensors deployed in modern vehicles, Intra-Vehicular Wireless Sensor Networks (IVWSNs) have recently received a lot of attention in the automotive industry as they can reduce the amount of wiring harness inside a vehicle. By removing the wires, car manufacturers can reduce the weight of a vehicle and improve engine performance, fuel economy, and reliability. In addition to these direct benefits, an IVWSN is a versatile platform that can support other vehicular applications as well. An example application, known as a Side Blind Zone Alert (SBZA) system, which monitors the blind zone of the vehicle and alerts the driver in a timely manner to prevent collisions, is discussed in this paper. The performance of the IVWSN-based SBZA system is evaluated via real experiments conducted on two test vehicles. Our results show that the proposed system can achieve approximately 95% to 99% detection rate with less than 15% false alarm rate. Compared to commercial systems using radars or cameras, the main benefit of the IVWSN-based SBZA is substantially lower cost.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2015
(422) James Hamilton Bryson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Short-range two-particle correlations from statistical clusters
Creators: name: Bialas, Andrzej
name: Bzdak, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-particle short-range correlation functions in rapidity, azimuthal angle and transverse momentum, following from the decay of statistical clusters are evaluated and discussed.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures; comments and figures added
An overview on the nutrition transition and its health implications: The Bellagio meeting
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2002

description: Introduction This supplement is based on papers presented at the Bellagio Conference on the Nutrition Transition. The meeting was organised to allow us to assess current low and moderate-income industrialising countries’ experience related to the nutrition transition and provide ideas for pushing forth a broader public health agenda in this area. More specifically, the meeting focused on changes in patterns of behaviour (diet, smoking, drinking, activity) that lead to rapid increases in obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. The nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases (NR-NCDs) were once referred to as diseases of affluence. For decades this has not been true among higher-income countries, and as we now show, this is increasingly not the case in the lower- and middle- income countries.
Part II. What is unique about the experience in lower- and middle-income less-industrialised countries compared with the very-high-income industrialised countries? The shift in stages of the nutrition transition in the developing world differs from past experiences!
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2002

description: Objective: This paper explores the unique nutrition transition shifts in diet and activity patterns from the period termed the receding famine pattern to the one dominated by nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs). The paper examines the speed and timing of these changes; unique components, such as the issue of finding both under- and overnutrition in the same household; potential exacerbating biological relationships that contribute to differences in the rates of change; and political issues. Setting: The focus is on lower- and middle-income countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Results: These changes are occurring at great speed and at earlier stages of these countries' economic and social development. There are some unique issues that relate to body composition and potential genetic factors. The significance of the high number of persons exposed to heavy insults during pregnancy and infancy (foetal origins hypothesis) and the subsequent rapid shifts in energy imbalance remains to be understood. Countries that are still addressing major concerns of undernutrition are not ready to address these NR-NCDs. Conclusions: The developing world needs to give far greater emphasis to addressing the prevention of the adverse health consequences of this shift to the nutrition transition stage of degenerative diseases.
Clinical manifestations and outcomes of 420 children with Henoch Schönlein Purpura from a single referral center from Turkey: A three-year experience
Creators: name: Ekinci, Rabia Miray Kisla
name: Balci, Sibel
name: Melek, Engin
name: Bayazit, Aysun Karabay
name: Dogruel, Dilek
name: Altintas, Derya Ufuk
name: Yilmaz, Mustafa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Objectives: Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood. We aimed to evaluate the clinical features, seasonal variation, treatment outcomes and the possible predicting factors related to outcome among a large cohort of pediatric HSP patients. Methods: We conducted a medical record review study between July 2016 and January 2019 and evaluated the clinical manifestations and potential risk factors for severe gastrointestinal (GI) involvement, biopsy-proven nephritis and relapses. Results: The study included 420 HSP patients, of which the mean age at diagnosis was 7.68 ± 3.15 years. Clinical manifestations were arthralgia and/or arthritis (n = 244, 58.1%), abdominal pain (n = 235, 56%), subcutaneous edema (n = 163, 38.8%), and renal involvement (n = 125, 29.8%). Disease recurred for at least once, in 69 (16.4%) patients and colchicine treatment yielded a favorable response in 11 of 12 relapsing patients, who did not respond to ibuprofen or steroids. Frequencies of renal involvement and biopsy-proven nephritis were higher in patients with severe GI involvement. Besides, patients with biopsy-proven nephritis had higher rates of abdominal pain, intussusception, severe GI involvement, and systemic steroid administration. Conclusion: We speculate that renal involvement, biopsy-proven nephritis and severe GI involvement can be related to each other. Colchicine may be effective in patients with relapsing disease.
Introduction to AI and its medical applications: Crash Course for an audience with diverse scientific backgrounds
Creators: name: Cea, Donatella
name: Hoffmann, Helene
name: Piraud, Marie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, teaching, tutorials, medical applications

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been developing more and more rapidly over the past few decades and teaching these methods can be very complicated even when students have good math and programming skills. Moreover, the background of the target group may be very diverse in terms of technical and coding skills, especially for a single introductory lecture. We provide here the theoretical part of three-hour crash course on introduction to AI and its medical applications, which was alternated with practical sessions that could be engaging for students with different abilities and knowledge. The goals of the lecture were to demystify AI, introduce the challenges and current limitations of Deep Learning (DL), and present applications to the medical domain. The modularity of the course and choice of examples and tasks applied to the medical field interested the students who considered them authentic and relevant. The lesson has been positively evaluated by the students and their feedback identifies an NPS of 27 and an average of 8.2 over 10 when asked how likely they are to recommend the course to colleagues or friends.
jVMC: Versatile and performant variational Monte Carlo leveraging automated differentiation and GPU acceleration
Creators: name: Schmitt, Markus
name: Reh, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The introduction of Neural Quantum States (NQS) has recently given a new twist to variational Monte Carlo (VMC). The ability to systematically reduce the bias of the wave function ansatz renders the approach widely applicable. However, performant implementations are crucial to reach the numerical state of the art. Here, we present a Python codebase that supports arbitrary NQS architectures and model Hamiltonians. Additionally leveraging automatic differentiation, just-in-time compilation to accelerators, and distributed computing, it is designed to facilitate the composition of efficient NQS algorithms.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures. Revised version. Code repository: https://github.com/markusschmitt/vmc_jax
Resummation of the Sivers asymmetry in heavy flavor dijet production at the Electron-Ion Collider
Creators: name: Kang, Zhong-Bo
name: Reiten, Jared
name: Shao, Ding Yu
name: Terry, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review our transverse momentum dependent factorization and resummation formalism for heavy flavor dijet production at the EIC. In this formalism, we have calculated the heavy flavor mass corrections in the collinear-soft and jet functions, and in the resummed expression for the cross section. By establishing this formalism, we then study the effects of the mass corrections by providing predictions at the EIC for the massive case and for the case where the mass is neglected. We find that the heavy flavor mass effects can give sizable corrections to the predicted asymmetry.
description: Submission to SciPost
title: The Pleistocene sediments of the Palaeoatbara in eastern Sudan as an archive for the evolution of the Nile river system
Creators: name:  Bussert ,  Robert
name:  Mohammednoor ,  Mosab
name:  Bibi ,  Faysal
name:  Bibi ,  Faysal
name:  Tsukamoto ,  Sumiko
name:  Bedri ,  Omar
name:  Kraatz ,  Brian
name:  Lazagabaster ,  Ignacio
name:  Müller ,  Johannes
name:  Salih ,  Khalaf
name:  Eisawi ,  Ali
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Geological evidence and geodynamic modelling suggest that the Nile river system has been largely stable since its origins ~30 Ma. The Nile could have provided a long-term migration route for vertebrates including hominins between Eastern and Northern Africa. However, other geological data contradict such an old stabilisation of the course of the Nile. Fieldwork along the middle stretches of the Atbara River, the last tributary to the Nile before it crosses the Sahara, provides evidence for a complex fluvial history during the last 450 ka, with several periods of fluvial re-establishment that differ markedly in their fluvial style and hydrodynamics. While some rivers were dominated by gravelly and sandy braid bars, others had prominent fine-grained point bars, and some were perennial, while others showed high discharge variance, with significantly varying catchment areas. The fine-grained floodplain deposits contain different types of paleosols, but predominantly evidence seasonal and semi-arid conditions. The changes in river style, discharge dynamics and catchments can be attributed to Pleistocene climatic changes and to tectonic processes. The riverine landscapes of the Palaeoatbara were colonised by a diverse fauna including hominins which are represented by fossils and stone tool remains. The study of the sediments, fossils and archaeology along the middle Atbara, together with high-resolution age dating, provide new insights into the history of the Nile river system, and has implications for our understanding of early hominin migrations and the formation of modern ecosystems in Africa.
Part G. Advances in methodological issues in the use of international food datasets. Understanding the nutrition transition: Measuring rapid dietary changes in transitional countries
Creators: name: Lu, B.
name: Zhai, F.
name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2002

description: Objective: To understand methodological concerns related to dietary intake collection in transitional societies. Design: Three days of household weighing and measurement of all food used and repeated 24-hour recalls. Setting: Eight Chinese provinces. Subjects: Five thousand nine hundred and fifty-two and 5152 adults aged 20-45 years in 1989 and 1997, respectively. Results: Great variance exists in the types and quantity of animal products used in common recipes. For example, the proportion of pork from lean cuts in 'stir-fried fresh pepper and pork' varies between 14 and 24% in urban and rural areas and the total pork content for 100 g (dish) varies by 15 to 19 g between rural and urban areas in each of eight provinces. Another challenge relates to the variation in the edible vegetable oil content added during food preparation. Reliance on standard recipes for each fried dish would miss the variations in oil use over time, space and socio-economic status. Conclusions: Dietary change is rapid in transitional countries. Reliance on recipes standardised for animal food and edible oil contents will lead to very large systematic errors in the measurement of energy, fat and protein intakes.
Functional morphology of the foregut of Lophogaster typicus and L. spinosus (Crustacea, Mysidacea, Lophogastrida)
Creators: name: DE JONG, Laetitia
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1996

description: The foreguts of two Lophogaster species (Crustacea, Mysidacea, Lophogastrida), one benthic and another pela- gic, are described. Their morphology is characteristic of the genus and does not seem related with the ecology of the spe- cies, as it would be expected. The foregut is very different from that observed in other Lophogastrida (Eucopia and Gnathophausia). Indeed, the cardiac chamber is followed by a large alimentary pouch occupying half the length of the cephalothorax, and which probably corresponds to the dorsal pyloric chamber. Such storage system is original among crustaceans exhibiting the caridoid facies (Mysidacea, Euphausiacea and Decapoda). As the dorsal pyloric chamber is posteriorly closed by this pouch, the junction between the stomach and the intestine takes place at the level of the ventral pyloric chamber, instead of the dorsal one as in other Mysidacea. The gastric mill also is original, since the lateral teeth look like mandibles owing to their morphology and internal musculature. Lastly, at the junction with the stomach, the very small size of the lumen of the intestine probably do not allow the passage of coarse particles, contrary to what occurs in other Mysidacea, Euphausiacea and Decapoda.
(423) Jane Pollock MacFarlane
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(424) James MacFarlane Bryson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of total protein in patients with secondary central nervous system vasculitis and giant cell arteritis
Creators: name: Abe, Yoshiyuki
name: Harada, Mariko
name: Kurisu Tada
name: Yamaji, Ken
name: Tamura, Naoto
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: Secondary central nervous system vasculitis (SCNSV) is an extremely rare, refractory, and fatal disease in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). We compared the characteristics of GCA patients with and without SCNSV. Methods: This retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study included 35 patients with GCA admitted to Juntendo University Hospital from April 2009 to March 2019. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: We diagnosed four patients with GCA and SCNSV (SCNSV group) and 31 patients with GCA but no SCNSV (non-SCNSV group). The mortality rate of the SCNSV and non-SCNSV groups was 100% and 10%, respectively (p = .001). The SCNSV group had lower serum levels of C-reactive protein at the time of GCA diagnosis and higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total protein (102 mg/dL vs. 38 mg/dL, p = .008) and albumin (66 mg/dL vs. 21 mg/dL, p = .008) at the time of SCNSV diagnosis. Conclusion: At the time of SCNSV diagnosis, GCA patients had elevated CSF total protein and albumin levels. CSF examination in GCA patients suspected of having SCNSV may be useful for early diagnosis of SCNSV.
Scalable error mitigation for noisy quantum circuits produces competitive expectation values
Creators: name: Kim, Youngseok
name: Wood, Christopher J.
name: Yoder, Theodore J.
name: Merkel, Seth T.
name: Gambetta, Jay M.
name: Temme, Kristan
name: Kandala, Abhinav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noise in existing quantum processors only enables an approximation to ideal quantum computation. However, these approximations can be vastly improved by error mitigation, for the computation of expectation values, as shown by small-scale experimental demonstrations. However, the practical scaling of these methods to larger system sizes remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate the utility of zero-noise extrapolation for relevant quantum circuits using up to 26 qubits, circuit depths of 60, and 1080 CNOT gates. We study the scaling of the method for canonical examples of product states and entangling Clifford circuits of increasing size, and extend it to the quench dynamics of 2-D Ising spin lattices with varying couplings. We show that the efficacy of the error mitigation is greatly enhanced by additional error suppression techniques and native gate decomposition that reduce the circuit time. By combining these methods, we demonstrate an accuracy in the approximate quantum simulation of the quench dynamics that surpasses the classical approximations obtained from a state-of-the-art 2-D tensor network method. These results reveal a path to a relevant quantum advantage with noisy, digital, quantum processors.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Part I. What has happened in terms of some of the unique elements of shift in diet, activity, obesity, and other measures of morbidity and mortality within different regions of the world? Is obesity replacing or adding to undernutrition? Evidence from different social classes in Brazil
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Conde, W.L.
name: Monteiro, C.A.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2002

description: Objective: To describe time trends in under- and overnutrition in different regional and income strata of the child and adult population of Brazil. Design: Nation-wide surveys conducted in 1975, 1989 and 1996/7 in probabilistic samples of 1-4-year-old children and adults 20 years and over. Time trends refer to stunting, wasting and overweight prevalences among children and age-adjusted underweight and obesity prevalences among adults (95% confidence intervals included). Subjects: Individuals examined by each survey in each age group ranged from 1796 young children in 1996 to 78031 adults in 1975. Setting: North-eastern and south-eastern regions of Brazil. Results: Undernutrition indicators declined intensively and continuously among children and adults in all region and income strata. Obesity remained low and relatively stable among children, but increased intensively and continuously in all regions and income strata among adult males. Obesity also increased intensively and continuously among adult women from the less economically developed region of Brazil (the north-eastern region) and among lower-income women from the more developed region (the south-eastern region). Higher-income women from the more developed region had a significant increase in obesity from 1975 to 1989, followed by a significant decline from 1989 to 1997. Conclusions: Undernutrition in young children is being controlled in Brazil without evidence of increasing obesity. However, obesity is rapidly replacing undernutrition in most gender, region and income strata of the adult population. Adult obesity is already more frequent than adult undernutrition in the more economically developed region, among all higher-income groups, and also among lower-income women living in the more developed region. These lower-income women are significantly more exposed than their higher-income counterparts to both undernutrition and obesity.
Dark matter directional detection in non-relativistic effective theories
Creators: name: Catena, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the formalism of dark matter directional detection to arbitrary one-body dark matter-nucleon interactions. The new theoretical framework generalizes the one currently used, which is based on 2 types of dark matter-nucleon interaction only. It includes 14 dark matter-nucleon interaction operators, 8 isotope-dependent nuclear response functions, and the Radon transform of the first 2 moments of the dark matter velocity distribution. We calculate the recoil energy spectra at dark matter directional detectors made of CF$_4$, CS$_2$ and $^{3}$He for the 14 dark matter-nucleon interactions, using nuclear response functions recently obtained through numerical nuclear structure calculations. We highlight the new features of the proposed theoretical framework, and present our results for a spherical dark matter halo and for a stream of dark matter particles. This study lays the foundations for model independent analyses of dark matter directional detection experiments.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Structural change in the impact of income on food consumption in China, 1989-1993
Creators: name: Mroz, T.A.
name: Zhai, F.
name: Guo, X.
name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: University of Chicago Press
Year: 2000

description: Change has not always been steady in China, and evidence of increased poverty among some subpopulation groups exists. For example, among the rural poor in some areas there has been an increase in chronic energy deficiency, while, particularly among higher-income groups, the incidences of high-fat diets and obesity have increased rapidly. There has been a marked shift not only in obesity but also in other diet-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancers. These are rapidly becoming major health problems in the higher-income population. In this article we first present the overall picture with a cross-country analysis of changes in the dietary structure, and we explore the income-fat and diet-obesity relationships. Then we present data from China that demonstrate the trend in the dietary structure. This is followed by a more rigorous examination and testing of the income-food consumption relationship. The behavioral changes that we uncover in the income-food relationship have important implications for the formulation of future nutrition policies in China. We explore some of these implications in the concluding section.
The emerging underclass in the Russian Federation: Income dynamics, 1992-1996
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Lokshin, M.
Publisher: name: University of Chicago Press
Year: 1999

description: I. Introduction The transition to a market economy by the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union has been a dramatic move from a relatively stable economic condition with equal income distribution to one with uncertainty, political and economical instability, and sharp polarization in resource distribution. The sweeping economic reforms have led the Russian Federation to eliminate most, if not all, general subsidies and significantly reduce subsidies and payments to the poor. The privatization of many activities and the process of allowing prices and exchange rates to fluctuate caused rapid economic and social changes. Since the onset of the economic transition, the establishment of a social safety net and the need to mitigate the social costs associated with the transition from a planned state economy to a market-oriented economy have been a major concern in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The political support of reforms in these countries after the end of communism and the question of political stability become vital to their governments. Poverty and inequalityareamong the factors that determine the distribution of political power. As A.B. Atkinson and J. Micklewright note, ‘‘The legitimacy of governments may be called into question if too large a gap opens between rich and poor.’’
The authors reply
Creators: name: Hainhs, P.S.
name: Siega-Riz, A.M.
name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 1997

description: The authors reply: To the editor: While preparing our response to Patterson and colleagues, we identified an error in the program that created the Diet Quality Index used in our paper. The calculation of the overall Diet Quality Index scores was affected by this error, as were the estimates of the numbers of servings of fruits and vegetables and grains and legumes.
title: On Mesozoic uplifts along the SW edge of the East European Craton – new insight from regional onshore (PolandSPAN) and offshore (BalTec) seismic reflection data from Poland
Creators: name:  Krzywiec ,  Piotr
name:  Słonka ,  Łukasz
name:  Stachowska ,  Aleksandra
name:  Nguyen ,  Quang
name:  Malinowski ,  Michał
name:  Huebscher ,  Christian
name:  Kramarska ,  Regina
name:  Ahlrichs ,  Niklas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: East European Craton (EEC) in Poland has been recently studied by onshore PolandSPAN and offshore BalTec regional seismic surveys. PolandSPAN data imaged earliest Late Jurassic, earliest Late Cretaceous and mid-Late Cretaceous laterally extensive unconformities that document hitherto unknown substantial uplifts of the SW edge of the EEC. Cretaceous unconformities might have been formed as a result of inversion-induced buckling of the cratonic edge. BalTec offshore survey was acquired within the transition zone between the Paleozoic Platform and EEC. SW part of BalTec data imaged offshore segment of the Mid-Polish Swell formed due to inversion of the axial part of the Polish Basin. NE from the MPS, within the Bornholm–Darłowo Fault Zone, system of Late Cretaceous strike-slip syn-depositional faults was documented. E part of the BalTec survey is located above the EEC basement overlain by Cambro-Silurian sedimentary cover that is dissected by a system of steep, mostly reverse faults, regarded so far as having been formed as a result of the Caledonian orogeny. BalTec seismic data proved that at least some of these deeply-rooted faults were active as a reverse faults in latest Cretaceous. This suggests that large Paleozoic blocks might have been uplifted during the widespread Late Cretaceous inversion. Erosion of these blocks might have provided sediments that formed Upper Cretaceous progradational wedges within the onshore Baltic Basin imaged by PolandSPAN data. This study was funded by NCN grants UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02316 and UMO-2015/17/B/ST10/03411. ION Geophysical is thanked for providing PolandSPAN seismic data, and Kingdom IHS for providing seismic interpretation software.
Étude, par émission ionique secondaire, de l'accumulation du Rubidium dans les tissus mous de l'huître Crassostrea gigas (Mollusque, Lamellibranche)
Creators: name: SALAÜN, Marie-Lise
name: TRUCHET, Michel
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1996

description: Sims investigation of Rubidium accumulation in the soft tissues of the oyster Crassostrea gigas (Mollusc, Bivalve). When marine organisms are exposed to pollutant metals, one of the main issues to be investigate is how these metals can be recognized by the membrane transporters. The first elements of the periodic table are the alkali metals and it is well documented in vertebrates that rubidium is exchanged at a high rate with potassium, without toxicity. Our purpose was to study the effect of Rb in the human food organism, Crassostrea gigas. Rubidium was added to the artificial sea water as chloride salts to replace some of the sodium ions at the concentrations of 0.3 g.l-1 (3.4 mM Rb+), 1 g.l-1 (11.5 mM Rb+) and 3 g.l-1 (34 mM Rb+). Some animals were exposed to water with K instead of Rb ions. All these modifications were toxic for the animals and histological observations reveal high tissue disorganization. The rubidium is strongly present in all tissues, as revealed by SIMS analysis. Rubidium is widely and somewhat uniformly distributed, but some Rb accumulated in specific areas identified as polyanionic sites. Our results reveal clearly that rubidium is toxic for oysters, but this toxicity may be due mainly to the ionic modification, i.e. the replacement of Na by Rb because the same is observed when Na is replaced by K. As in Vertebrates, Rb crosses easily the membrane barrier, likely by the channels and K-pumps. But some specific bioaccumulations led us to conclude that Rb metabolism is not exactly similar to that of K.
Gravitational redshift induces quantum interference
Creators: name: Bruschi, David Edward
name: Schell, Andreas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use quantum field theory in curved spacetime to show that gravitational redshift induces a unitary transformation on the quantum state of propagating photons. This occurs for realistic photons characterized by a finite bandwidth, while ideal photons with sharp frequencies do not transform unitarily. We find that the transformation is a mode-mixing operation, and we devise a protocol that exploits gravity to induce a Hong-Ou-Mandel-like interference effect on the state of two photons. Testing the results of this work can provide a demonstration of quantum field theory in curved spacetime.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Successful cessation of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients and potential predictors for early flare: An observational study in routine clinical care
Creators: name: Taio Naniwa
name: Iwagaitsu, Shiho
name: Kajiura, Mikiko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and the consequence of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) cessation after clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in clinical practice and predictors of flare after TNFi cessation. Methods: We retrospectively assessed the prevalence of TNFi cessation after achieving sustained improvement, disease flare and joint damage progression after TNFi cessation in consecutive RA patients who started TNFi due to insufficient response to methotrexate were studied. Predictors for flare after TNFi cessation were investigated using Cox regression analysis. Results: In 135 patients who started TNFi with methotrexate, 95 stopped TNFi after sustained improvement and continued methotrexate thereafter. Over 1 year, 33 patients had a flare and 26 restarted TNFi therapy. In 78 patients whose radiographs adequate for evaluation were available, 73 did not exhibit joint damage progression. Female gender, smoking, the interval from starting methotrexate to starting TNFi of more than 9 months and glucocorticoid use at starting TNFi were independently associated with shorter time to flare. Conclusion: Sixty-five percent of patients were successfully discontinued TNFi over 1 year. Radiographic joint damage progression was rare. Early intervention with TNF inhibitor may contribute to successful TNF inhibitor cessation in patients with insufficient response to methotrexate.Key messageSuccessful TNF inhibitor cessation is achievable in two-third of RA patients after achieving sustained remission.Female gender and smoking may predispose to flare after TNF inhibitor cessation.Early intervention with TNF inhibitor may contribute to successful TNF inhibitor cessation. Successful TNF inhibitor cessation is achievable in two-third of RA patients after achieving sustained remission. Female gender and smoking may predispose to flare after TNF inhibitor cessation. Early intervention with TNF inhibitor may contribute to successful TNF inhibitor cessation.