cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rating criteria for monologue and dialogue speech
Creators: name: von Zansen, Anna
name: Kautonen, Maria
name: Lähteenmäki, Ilona
name: Huhta, Ari
name: Hilden, Raili
name: Kuronen, Mikko
name: Ullakonoja, Riikka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: assessment of spoken interaction
rating scale
monologue
dialogue
second language
CEFR

description: The Aasis project's rating criteria for monologue and dialogue tasks for human raters (2025). 

The holistic proficiency level criteria for monologues are based on the CEFR 2020 Companion Volume (p. 62) Overall oral production scale, translated to Finnish with the help of EVK 2003 (p.93). The descriptions were shortened for the rating pilot and also the differences between the A-, B- and C-levels were added in the project. The analytic criteria are based on EVK 2003 scale for qualitative features for spoken language (pp. 52-53) and the descriptions were modified in the project to correspond to the CEFR Companion Volume 2020 scale Qualitative features of spoken language (pp. 183-185). The Coherence dimension was excluded from the scale for the project purposes and also Interaction dimension was excluded in monologue criteria. The scale for Phonology/Pronunciation was added from EVK 2002 (p. 166) and was modified in the project to correspond to the CEFR 2020 scale for Phonology (p. 183-186). 

 

The holistic proficiency level criteria for dialogues are based on the CEFR 2020 Companion Volume (p. 72) Overall oral interaction scale, translated to Finnish with the help of EVK 2003 (p. 112). The descriptions were shortened for the rating pilot and also the differences between the A-, B- and C-levels were added in the project. The analytic criteria are based on EVK 2003 scale for qualitative features for spoken language (pp. 52-53) and the descriptions were modified in the project to correspond to the CEFR Companion Volume 2020 scale Qualitative features of spoken language (pp. 183-185). The coherence dimension was excluded from the scale for the project purposes. The scale for Phonology/Pronunciation was added from EVK 2002 (p. 166) and was modified in the project to correspond to the CEFR 2020 scale for Phonology (p. 183-186). 

 

The scales were piloted in September 2024 and slightly modified for the actual rating round in January-February 2025. Only minor changes to wordings were made, such as the differences between the CEFR grades for holistic assessment were made clearer with short descriptions of the main differences between A2 and B1, and B2 and C1, respectively.

 

The scales were modified and edited within the Aasis project research (Automatic assessment of spoken interaction in a second language, Research Council of Finland 2023–2027) at the University of Helsinki (grant number 355586), Aalto University (grant number 355587) and the University of Jyväskylä (grant number 355588) and thus, cannot take credit for creating the scales. We also thank Salla Sigvart from the Finnish National Agency for Education for her contribution.

 

The scales for are only available in Finnish.
Rating criteria for monologue and dialogue speech (pilot rating 2024)
Creators: name: von Zansen, Anna
name: Kautonen, Maria
name: Lähteenmäki, Ilona
name: Huhta, Ari
name: Hilden, Raili
name: Kuronen, Mikko
name: Ullakonoja, Riikka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: assessment of spoken interaction
rating scale
monologue
dialogue
second language
CEFR

description: The Aasis project's rating criteria for monologue and dialogue tasks, given for human raters (pilot rating 2024). 

The holistic proficiency level criteria for monologues are based on the CEFR 2020 Companion Volume (p. 62) Overall oral production scale, translated to Finnish with the help of EVK 2003 (p.93). The descriptions were shortened for the rating pilot and also the differences between the A-, B- and C-levels were added in the project. The analytic criteria are based on EVK 2003 scale for qualitative features for spoken language (pp. 52-53) and the descriptions were modified in the project to correspond to the CEFR Companion Volume 2020 scale Qualitative features of spoken language (pp. 183-185). The Coherence dimension was excluded from the scale for the project purposes and also Interaction dimension was excluded in monologue criteria. The scale for Phonology/Pronunciation was added from EVK 2002 (p. 166) and was modified in the project to correspond to the CEFR 2020 scale for Phonology (p. 183-186). 

 

The holistic proficiency level criteria for dialogues are based on the CEFR 2020 Companion Volume (p. 72) Overall oral interaction scale, translated to Finnish with the help of EVK 2003 (p. 112). The descriptions were shortened for the rating pilot and also the differences between the A-, B- and C-levels were added in the project. The analytic criteria are based on EVK 2003 scale for qualitative features for spoken language (pp. 52-53) and the descriptions were modified in the project to correspond to the CEFR Companion Volume 2020 scale Qualitative features of spoken language (pp. 183-185). The coherence dimension was excluded from the scale for the project purposes. The scale for Phonology/Pronunciation was added from EVK 2002 (p. 166) and was modified in the project to correspond to the CEFR 2020 scale for Phonology (p. 183-186). 

 

The scales were modified and edited within the Aasis project research (Automatic assessment of spoken interaction in a second language, Research Council of Finland 2023–2027) at the University of Helsinki (grant number 355586), Aalto University (grant number 355587) and the University of Jyväskylä (grant number 355588) and thus, cannot take credit for creating the scales. We also thank Salla Sigvart from the Finnish National Agency for Education for her contribution.

 

The scales for the pilot are only available in Finnish.
Vai trò của âm nhạc trong cuộc sống hiện đại
Creators: name: NGUYỄN PHÚC NGUYÊN 2400003200
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Âm nhạc không chỉ giải trí mà còn giúp cải thiện tâm trạng, giảm căng thẳng, tăng trí nhớ, thúc đẩy kết nối xã hội và hỗ trợ điều trị trong y học. Trong thời đại hiện nay, âm nhạc là một phần thiết yếu của đời sống tinh thần và sức khỏe con người.
Indicatori di efficienza ed efficacia per la valutazione dell'attività di formazione professionale
Creators: name: Gori, E.
name: Mealli, F.
name: Rampichini, C.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: This paper deals with the problem of defining appropriate efficiency and effectiveness indicators for the impact evaluation and implementation evaluation of professional training programs. Data on programs (held by the Tuscany regional administration) and on their participants were available, together with a follow-up one year after the completion of the course. A two-equation variance component model has been proposed, in order to obtain measures of relative effectiveness: the first one is the net effect of each program on the probability of finding a job, while the second one measures the net effect on the participants' judgement about the program itself. The efficiency of each program has been derived from the estimation of a stochastic cost frontier. The three indicators, together with a fourth one concerning the estimated minimum cost per student, have been used in a multicriteria analysis to rank the programs, as an aid for decision-makers.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
Evaluating the effectiveness of employment programs: can existing statistical methods be applied to the italian labour market and institutional context?
Creators: name: Martini, A.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In the first part of the paper we provide a brief summary of the statistical approach that has emerged as the paradigm for evaluating employment programs in the United States. We discuss the role that longitudinal data and methods play in this approach. In the second part of the paper we take on a more challenging task, motivated by the view that the appropriate statistical methods used for evaluation purposes should be tailored to the institutional context in which the program operates. We discuss three directions in which the U.S. evaluation paradigm should be developed if it has to be applied to a labour market context such as the one prevailing in Italy: (I) shifting the attention away from repeatable outcomes, such as earnings or repeated spells of unemployment, which characterize the U.S. approach and provide the basis for the use of longitudinal methods: because of the characteristics of the Italian labour market, very few meaningful repeatable outcomes can be found to evaluate the success of employment programs; (II) broadening the range of programs to be evaluated, with respect to the U.S. practice of focusing evaluations on training programs targeted to disadvantaged individuals; (III) broadening the objectives of the evaluation, from an emphasis on absolute effectiveness, to other types of evaluation questions, such as the effectiveness of service providers, and the issue of the adverse effects of interventions.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 3 (1993)
title: The UN Declaration on the Rule of Law and the Application of the Rule of Law to the UN
title: A Reconstruction From an International Public Authority Perspective
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Feinäugle, Clemens A.
Publisher: name: Institut für Völker- und Europarecht, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Year: 2016
Subjects: Völkerrecht
Internationales Recht
Europarecht
UNO
Law of Nation
International Law
European Law
United Nations

description: The UN Declaration on the rule of law at the national and international levels seems to open new possibilities for listed terrorist suspects claiming legal protection or those seeking damages for harm caused by UN peacekeepers because the Declaration provides that the rule of law applies to the United Nations itself. However, the Declaration raises questions regarding the elements of the rule of law, its legal basis, and binding nature. This paper attempts a reconstruction of the UN Declaration and relevant UN practice under an international public authority perspective to explain and develop elements of the rule of law applicable to the UN, to determine its legal basis, and to investigate its binding nature. It argues, that since measures under Chapter VII must be effective if the UN wants to fulfil its purpose (Article 1 (1) UN Charter), the UN is bound by the rule of law insofar as “effective” measures require that related legitimacy concerns are addressed by rule of law safeguards.
description: Goettingen Journal of International Law ; Vol. 7, no. 1, page 157-185
description: Special Issue: The exercise of public authority by international organizations
A data base for biometrics research on changes in basal body temperature in the menstrual cycle
Creators: name: Miolo, L.
name: Colombo, B.
name: Marshall, J.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In the Department of Statistical Sciences of the University of Padua a data base for  EDP has been created on data made available from the Catholic Marriage Advisory Council of London. This paper describes, first of all, the origin of the material, collected through consulting work on natural family planning. Clarifications are then provided about the selection of data to be preserved among those received and on the structure of the data base. Finally, size and characteristics of the sample and of some of its subsets are presented. The purpose of the paper is to give brief  but complete information  on a data base which for size and some associated features is unique. To it reference will be made in series of papers illustrating conclusions reached in various exercises of already performed, or ongoing, or planned hypotheses testing.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 4 (1993)
S1: Impact-induced ‘young’ zircon in old rocks from Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus
Creators: name: Su, Ben-Xun
name: Wang, Jing
name: Pan, Qi-Qi
name: Xiao, Yan
name: Cui, Meng-Meng
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 3705
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Analytical methods
Diet in phenotypically divergent sympatric species of African weakly electric fish (genus: Campylomormyrus)—A hybrid capture/HTS metabarcoding approach
Creators: name: Amen, Rahma
name: Havenstein, Katja
name: Kirschbaum, Frank
name: Tiedemann, Ralph
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: dietary metabarcoding
subject: ecological speciation
subject: feeding behaviour
subject: next generation sequencing
subject: weakly electric fish
subject: 570 Biologie

description: Ecological speciation within the mormyrid genus Campylomormyrus resulted in sympatric species exhibiting divergence in their feeding apparatus and electric organ discharge (EOD). This study documents the overall diet of the genus Campylomormyrus and examines the hypothesis that the Campylomormyrus radiation is caused by adaptation to different food sources. We performed diet assessment of five sympatric Campylomormyrus species (C. alces, C. compressirostris, C. curvirostris, C. tshokwe, C. numenius) and their sister taxon Gnathonemus petersii with markedly different snout morphologies and EODs using hybrid capture/HTS DNA metabarcoding of their stomach contents. Our approach allowed for high taxonomic resolution of prey items, including benthic invertebrates, allochthonous invertebrates and vegetation. Comparisons of the diet compositions using quantitative measures and diet overlap indices revealed that all species are able to exploit multiple food niches in their habitats, that is fauna at the bottom, the water surface and the water column. A major part of the diet is larvae of aquatic insects, such as dipterans, coleopterans and trichopterans, known to occur in holes and interstitial spaces of the substrate. The results indicate that different snout morphologies and the associated divergence in the EOD could translate into different prey spectra. This suggests that the diversification in EOD and/or morphology of the feeding apparatus could be under functional adaptation.
Calculating Equilibrium Phase Assemblages in Systems Subject to Generalized Constraints on System Chemical Potentials
Creators: name: Ghiorso, Mark S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: phase equilibria
open systems
computational thermodynamics
ENKI
computing equilibrium state

description: Preprint of a paper on calculating equilibrium phase assemblages in thermodynamic systems subject to generalized constraints on system chemical potentials. Includes Jupyter notebooks for replicating case studies. Source material may be found at the GitLab repository ENKI-portal/PAPER-Generalized-Equilibrium.
S3: Impact-induced ‘young’ zircon in old rocks from Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus
Creators: name: Su, Ben-Xun
name: Wang, Jing
name: Pan, Qi-Qi
name: Xiao, Yan
name: Cui, Meng-Meng
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 3705
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Tables S1 to S3
Some estimators for estimating the average fish catch from the inland water resources
Creators: name: Pandey, P. S.
name: Kathuria, O. P.
name: Kumar, P.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: The paper attempts to study the problem of estimating the average fish catch from inland water resources. Alternative estimators of average fish catch on the basis of per pond and per unit area are considered. These estimators make use of auxiliary information on area of water unit, fish catch in the first round/phase of the survey, number of ponds etc.. An illustrative study, based on fish catch data taken from an actual survey,is also included.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 4 (1993)
Change agents: Rhonda Galbally and Bruce Bonyhady on the birth of the NDIS
Creators: name: Dodd, Andrew
name: Wilson, Samuel
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This is the first program in a new podcast series, Change Agents. It will focus on examples of ordinary people who have brought about profound social, political and cultural change, celebrating their success and explaining how they did it. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is the biggest social reform in Australia this century. By 2022 it will help half a million people access comprehensive disability support at a cost of around A$25 billion. On this program, two of the NDIS' founders explain how they developed something so radical and comprehensive and then won support for the idea. Bruce Bonyhady is the chairman and Rhonda Galbally is a board member of the National Disability Insurance Agency, the body that implements the NDIS. Change Agents is a collaboration between The Conversation and the Swinburne Leadership Institute and Swinburne University’s Department of Media and Communication. It is presented by Andrew Dodd and produced by Samuel Wilson and Andrew Dodd, with production by Heather Jarvis.
Causality in cryptography
Creators: name: De Antoni, F.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: Pseudo-random numbers play an important role for the security of a message in a cryptographic system based on a non reutilizable key code. The coded sequences of length n appear at the decoder like one of the possible sets of values that can be taken by a sequence of independent and uniformly distributed random variables.
In this paper the problem of randomness in Cryptography is discussed, in connection with the security of a cryptographic message. Randomness is firstly discussed as to its different meanings like, for instance, the ones connected with Knuth's definition or with de Finetti's definition or with Baldessari's definition. Secondly a new meaning of randomness is suggested in the cryptographic context: it is the one defined with respect to a set of statistical tests. This because every statistical test considers a particular aspect of randomness. For this reason some of the most important tests utilized in cryptography to prove the hypothesis of independence and uniform distribution are also dealt with. Furthermore a test based on an order statistic is suggested. The concept of uncertainty based on entropy and the analysis of the main characteristics of the most known pseudo-random numbers generators are also discussed.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 4 (1993)
S2: Impact-induced ‘young’ zircon in old rocks from Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus
Creators: name: Su, Ben-Xun
name: Wang, Jing
name: Pan, Qi-Qi
name: Xiao, Yan
name: Cui, Meng-Meng
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 3705
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Concordia plots
An inverse projection extension by mortality age differentiation
Creators: name: Rosina, A.
name: Rossi, F.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: This article deals with a new version of the inverse projection, the aggregate method for reconstructing historical population conceived, at the beginning of the '70s, by R.D. Lee. This new version, called differentiated inverse projection, can detect the differentiated incidence of mortality in the various age groups. This is possible because a further information is used: decreases according to age. After a methodological presentation of the new version, a demonstrative application is reported, which proves the improvement of the estimates produced by the differentiated version in comparison to those of the version by R.D. Lee.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 4 (1993)
Design effects and ratios of homogeneity in complex sampling designs
Creators: name: Montanari, G. E.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In the literature, a simple formula has been proposed which relates the design effect, deff, to a ratio of homogeneity among population elements within primary sampling units, roh. The formula is
deff=1+(m- 1) roh,
where m is the average number of elements sampled per selected primary unit. In this paper, we analyse the validity of the above formula in a general framework of a complex multistage sampling design and from a randomization theory point of view. The analy-sis is carried out for expansion and ratio estimators of population and domain means. The chief analytical results consist in expressing the ratio of homogeneity as a sum of a population parameter and other components related to different design features. It is then shown that departures from self-weighting and from simple random sampling within primary units are the main design components that may not comply with the desidered independence of roh from m.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 4 (1993)
On the estimation of the linear statistical model in the presence of prior information of approximate nature: the penalty function method
Creators: name: Barnabani, M.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: When we have prior information of approximate and subjective nature other than those contained in the time series, that is knowledge not directly referable to exact linear constraints, we propose to use the penalty function method to tackle the problem of estimation of a linear statistical model alternatively to the mixed estimation proposed by Theil and Goldberger. This method bases itself on the minimization of a mathematical function known as penalty function where constraint expressed in a quadratic form is linearly combined with an objective function by some coefficients known as penalty parameters. The particular functional form utilized for the constraint can be seen as a way to catch all the uncertainty included in this type of prior knowledge. The algorithm that derives from the application of this method depends on the penalty parameters that can be interpreted in two different ways:
a) as "weights" assigned to the constraint in the minimization procedure. In this case the result can be seen as a generalization of the ridge estimator.
b) as variances of a stochastic constraint. By this way the algorithm is similar to the mixed estimator but, unlike this one, it has not unknown parameters in its formulation and so it can be seen as a feasible estimator.
Whatever the interpretation of this parameters is, the penalty function method produces an algorithm that is a flexible instrument both from a theoretical viewpoint and a practical one.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 4 (1993)
A resistant concentration ratio
Creators: name: Monti, A. C.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In this paper a resistant version of the concentration ratio is proposed. This functional has a bounded influence function and the comparison of its value with the value of the Gini index supplies a diagnostic tool for influential observations.
description: Statistica; Vol 53, No 4 (1993)
BRILIAN Dissemination and Communication Report (M12) D7.2
Creators: name: de Blas, Olga
name: FOOD+i
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The Dissemination and Communication (D&C) Report (M12) offers a comprehensive overview of the Dissemination and Communication efforts undertaken during the initial phase of the BRILIAN project, spanning from its launch in June 2023, until April 22nd (month 11), as the first consolidated version is due on April 26th (and the final version on May 31st).The report begins with an Introduction, providing context on the project's background and objectives. It delves into the formulation of the Communication & Dissemination Strategy, outlining the various channels and resources utilized. Following the DoA structure, the report is divided in one-way activities (including the visual identity establishment, website development, social media engagement, newsletters dissemination, press media campaigns, digital and printed materials creation, andproduction of short videos) and the feedback activities, that detail the interactive methods employed, such as online quiz games, social media promotional campaigns,online information sessions, and participation in conferences and exhibitions.Additionally, it covers Dissemination activities and Materials, encompassing the BRILIAN Workshops, the participation in Scientific Conferences and Forums, Publications inSectorial/Specialized Media and Scientific and Technical Journals, the Policy Feedback Bulletin, the Advisory Board of Farmers, the synergies with Aligned Projects andInteractions, and the Final Conference.Concluding the report is a segment dedicated to monitoring progress, spotlighting Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and drawing insightful conclusions.This Report on the progress of the C&D activities will be revisited at month 30 for a midreport evaluation and again at month 48 for the final report submission.
title: Towards a New International Law of the Atmosphere?
Creators: name: Sand, Peter H.
name: Wiener, Jonathan B.
Publisher: name: Institut für Völker- und Europarecht, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Year: 2016

description: Inclusion of the topic 'protection of the atmosphere' in the current work programme of the UN International Law Commission (ILC) reflects the long overdue recognition of the fact that the scope of contemporary international law for the Earth’s atmosphere extends far beyond the traditional discipline of 'air law' as a synonym for airspace and air navigation law. Instead, the atmospheric commons are regulated by a 'regime complex' comprising a multitude of economic uses including global communications, pollutant emissions and diffusion, in different geographical sectors and vertical zones, in the face of different categories of risks, and addressed by a wide range of different transnational institutions. Following several earlier attempts at identifying crosscutting legal rules and principles in this field (by, inter alia, the International Law Association, the UN Environment Programme, and the Institut de Droit International), the ILC has now embarked on a new codification/restatement project led by Special Rapporteur Shinya Murase – albeit hamstrung by a highly restrictive 'understanding' imposed by the Commission in 2013. This article assesses the prospects and limitations of the initial ILC reports and debates in 2014 and 2015, and potential avenues for progress in the years to come.
description: Goettingen Journal of International Law ; Vol. 7, no. 2, page 195-223
Green ICT Connectivity and Processing Technologies
Creators: name: Roumeliotis, Anargyros
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Green ICT technologies are developed to reduce the environmental impact of computing and telecommunications, with a focus on energy efficiency, carbon footprint reduction, and sustainability. The analysis below highlights the green features of key technologies included in the XGain project. These technologies encompass connectivity solutions such as LoRaWAN, narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT), LTE-M, satellite IoT, 4G and 5G small cells, as well as the characteristics of 5G RedCap, along with processing devices like Raspberry Pi, NVIDIA single board computers (SBCs), and Intel NUCs (Next Unit of Computing).
Why COVID-19 strengthens the case to scale up assault on noncommunicable diseases : Role of health professionals including physical therapists in mitigating pandemic waves
Creators: name: Dean, Elizabeth
name: Skinner, Margot
name: Yu, Homer Peng-Ming
name: Jones, Alice Y. M.
name: Gosselink, Rik
name: Söderlund, Anne
Publisher: name: AIMS Press
Year: 2021

description: As SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, spread globally, the most severely affected sub-populations were the elderly and those with multi-morbidity largely related to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), e.g., heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity. NCDs are largely preventable with healthy nutrition, regular activity, and not smoking. This perspective outlines the rationale for health professionals’ including physical therapists’ role in reducing COVID-19 susceptibility. Evidence is synthesized supporting the pro-inflammatory effects of the western diet, increasingly consumed globally, inactivity, and smoking; and the immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory effects of a whole food plant-based diet, regular physical activity, and not smoking. An increased background of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation associated with unhealthy lifestyle practices appears implicated in an individual’s susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. It is timely to re-double efforts across healthcare sectors to reduce the global prevalence of NCDs on two fronts: one, to reduce SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility; and two, to reduce the impact of subsequent waves given high blood pressure and blood sugar, common in people with multi-morbidity, can be improved within days/weeks with anti-inflammatory healthy lifestyle practices, and weight loss and atherosclerosis reduction/reversal, within months/years. With re-doubled efforts to control NCD risk factors, subsequent waves could be less severe. Health professionals including physical therapists have a primary role in actively leading this initiative.
title: Law as an Antidote? Assessing the Potential of International Health Law Based on the Ebola-Outbreak 2014
Creators: name: Frau, Robert
Publisher: name: Institut für Völker- und Europarecht, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Year: 2016

description: The Ebola-Outbreak of 2014 has put international health law in the limelight. This contribution assesses the measures taken by the international community with regard to the outbreak of 2014 with a special focus on the World Health Organization and the UN Security Council. International law provides different actors with means to cooperate in order to fight the outbreak. The list of actors does not include the UN Security Council, which has addressed the outbreak in one resolution under chapter VII without taking any effective legal remedies. In addition, the relevant human right to health has not been addressed by actors, creating leeway in further emergencies.
description: Goettingen Journal of International Law ; Vol. 7, no. 2, page 225-272
Evaluating the Economic Viability of Agricultural Pellets to Supplement the Current Global Wood Pellets Supply for Bioenergy Production
Creators: name: Ebadian, Mahmood
name: Sokhansanj, Shahab
name: Lee, David
name: Klein, Alyssa
name: Townley-Smith, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: In this study, an inter-continental agricultural pellet supply chain is modeled, and the production cost and price of agricultural pellets are estimated and compared against the recent cost and price of wood pellets in the global marketplace. The inter-continental supply chain is verified and validated using an integration of an interactive mapping application and a simulation platform. The integrated model is applied to a case study in which agricultural pellets are produced in six locations in Canada and shipped and discharged at the three major ports in Western Europe. The cost of agricultural pellets in the six locations is estimated to be in the range of EUR 92–95/tonne (CAD 138–142/tonne), which is comparable with the recent cost of wood pellets produced in small-scale pellet plants (EUR 99–109/tonne). The average agricultural pellet price shipped from the six plants to the three ports in Western Europe is estimated to be in a range of EUR 183–204 (CAD 274–305/tonne), 29–42% more expensive that the average recent price of wood pellets (EUR 143/tonne) at the same ports. There are several potential areas in the agricultural pellet supply chains that can reduce the pellet production and distribution costs in the mid and long terms, making them affordable supplement to the existing wood pellet markets. Potential economic activities generated by the production of pellets in farm communities can be significant. The generated annual revenue in the biomass logistics system in all six locations is estimated to be about CAD 21.80 million. In addition, the logistics equipment fleet needs 176 local operators with a potential annual income of CAD 2.18 million.
Kysely korkeakouluopiskelijoille opiskeluajasta, kuormittuneisuudesta opinnoissa, ja oppimisesta
Creators: name: Impola, Jarkko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 520102
subject: Educational psychology
classificationCode: 390201
subject: Education policy
classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 390403
subject: Educational administration, management and leadership

description: Tällä kyselyllä kerättiin aineistoa kahdesta suomalaisesta korkeakoulusta, yhdestä yliopistosta ja yhdestä ammattikorkeakoulusta, vuoden 2024 aikana. Kyselyt olivat osa Koneen säätiön tukemaa väitöskirjaprojektia (Päätös 202202974). Projekti koski korkeakouluopiskelijoiden ajankäyttöä ja kuormittuneisuutta opinnoissa, sekä opetushenkilöstön näkemyksiä opintojen mitoittamisesta opintojaksoillaan.Tätä kyselyä käytetttiin korkeakouluopiskelijoiden ajankäytön, kuormittuneisuuden, opintomitoitusten toimivuutta koskevien näkemysten, sekä opintomenestyksen kartoittamiseen. Taustamuuttujina sovellettiin opiskelijan affiliaatiota, tutkintoastetta, opiskelualaa, opintojen aloitusvuotta, työskentelystatusta, skupuolta ja ikää.Kyselyä saa hyödyntää myöhemmissä tutkimuksissa. Viittaamista alkuperäiseen kyselyyn edellytetään.
On association
Creators: name: Costantini, D.
name: Garibaldi, U.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In the present paper we face, from a general perspective, the problems posed by statistical inferences in the case of two modalities. The analysis of the association is performed both from the ipotetical-deductive point of view (tests of significance) and from the inductive one (predictive inferences). That analysis is performed with the view of the foundational aspects of statistical inferences not caring too mach about the mathematical subtleties.
description: Statistica; Vol 54, No 1 (1994)
Recentbiomedicalapplicationsandpatentsonbiodegradablepolymer-PLGA(1).pdf
Creators: name: Singh, Gurpreet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Pharmacology

description: In the area of carrier drug delivery system, various natural and synthetic polymers are used. The natural
 polymers have many formulation problems such as instability, irreproducibility, changes in aesthetics
 on storage, uncontrollable formulation characteristics. On the other hand, synthetic polymers are either
 modified from natural polymers or completely synthesized from synthetic monomers. They possess
 properties that seem to solve the problems of natural polymers and more stable than the natural
 polymers. In other words, they have mechanical properties that match their application, provide
 sufficiently stability during formulation, transportation and use. Synthetic polymers have long shelf
 life as compare to natural polymers. Examples of synthetic polymers used in drug delivery systems
 are polymethacrylates (Eudragit-E, Eudragits-L, Eudragit-S, Eudragit-RS, Eudragit-RL), Polyacrylic
 acid (carbomer), Cellulose ethers (methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methycellulose) and
 Polyesters (copolymers of lactic acid, glycolic acid and ε-hydroxycaproic acid). This review presents
 the recent applications and patents of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) in biomedical applications
 with a focus on the understanding of some specific physicochemical characteristics which play an
 important role in their characterization.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED COMPOUNDS ON HYDRIDE SYSTEMS BY MEANS OF TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Creators: name: M.V. Castro Riglos
name: Puszkiel, J.
name: F. Karimi
name: A. Santoru
name: C. Pistidda
name: T. KLassen
name: M. Dormheim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: TEM
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION
NANOMATERIALS
HYDRIDES

description: In this work, nanosized dopants added to hydride materials such as MgH2 (magnesium hydride) and 2LiBH4+MgH2 stoichiometric mixture (lithium borohydride plus magnesium hydride) are characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The aim is to understand the role of the
 additives on sorption kinetics of the investigated hydride systems. Additives such as Ti and FeTi improve noticeably the reactivity of MgH2. This effect is mainly attributed to the nanosized nature of the intermetallic FeTi and Ti, with Pm3m and Im3m space groups (s.g.) respectively. Moreover, in comparison with Ti, the intermetallic FeTi achieves a better dispersion, smaller nanoparticle sizes and largely homogenous distribution throughout the MgH2 matrix, which might be ascribed to a synergetic effect of Fe and Ti.
On the expectation of estimators for general ARMA processes
Creators: name: De Gooijer, J. G.
name: Pukkila, T.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: A simple technique is presented for obtaining explicit expressions for the approximate expectation of estimators for general stationary autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes. The technique is based on a Taylor series expansion of the log-likelihood function in terms of the expected values of the sample autocovariances or in terms of the expected value of the periodogram ordinates, depending upon whether the estimation makes use of time-domain methods. For illustrative purpose the expectation of estimators arising from two particular approximations of the likelihood function is obtained , although the proposed technique can be easily extended to other types of log-likelihood functions as well. The results may be used to provide information about the bias of estimators in non-seasonal and seasonal ARMA models.
description: Statistica; Vol 54, No 1 (1994)
Ancillarity and optimal conditional tests
Creators: name: Cominato, F.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: n testing statistical hypotheses, the ancillarity property can be used to obtain optimal tests when, without conditioning, optimal tests do not exist (Lehmann, 1986). Anyway, two counterexamples show that purpose is not always attainable. In this paper only parametric models for experiments will be considered.
description: Statistica; Vol 54, No 1 (1994)
Desegregation, interpolation and integration of spatial series
Creators: name: Benedetti, R.
name: Palma, D.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: So far most methods for conversion of areal data have referred to classical point interpolation procedures developed in spatial statistics for physical sciences or, have been conceived as "area-based areal interpolation methods" based on specific and somewhat unrealistic hypotheses. Addressing the desegregation problem as a part of a more comprehensive aggregation problem, the methodology that we present  in this paper features in essence a logical and analytical continuity with all the previous studies in which the effects on statistical inference of areal aggregation have been considered. Within this context, a Bayesian solution is shown to be suitable for  the porpoise and the advantages of adopting it are clearly demonstrated particularly for its capability of exploiting auxiliary information which can be easily accessed and manipulated thanks to the recent advances of Geographical Information Systems (G.I.S.).
description: Statistica; Vol 54, No 1 (1994)
Una generalizzazione del modello di Haberman per il calcolo di valori attuariali in presenza di HIV e AIDS
Creators: name: Benassi, R.
name: Spelta, D.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In a recent paper Haberman has presented approximated formulas for calculation of life insurance actuarial values in presence of HIV and AIDS. Haberman considered the case of constant force of transaction among the states.
In this paper we consider an extension of the model at the case af probability of transaction among the states varying according to the age.
description: Statistica; Vol 55, No 1 (1995)
A multiple imputation-based  method to correct non-response bias in prevalence surveys
Creators: name: De Marco, R.
name: Verlato, G.
name: Zanolin, E.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: Non-response introduces uncertainty in the results of most epidemiological surveys and it can bias the final estimates of prevalence. In the present paper a new method is proposed to deal with the non-response problem, when the survey is performed through subsequent stages, taking non-responders at one stage as target population for the next stage. While the existing methods are based on the a priori assumption of a specific prevalence trend across following stages, the new approach starts by analysing the non-response generating process and by choosing the model which best fits to the data available from responders. Using the maximum likelihood three hierarchic models are tested: 1) the no-bias model; 2) the two parameter model, which assumes two prevalence values, one for responders to the first stage and one for the rest of the sample; 3) the regression model, which hypothesizes a monotonous trend in prevalence across stages. In order to reflect the degree of uncertainty inherent to non-response on interval estimate width, missing data variability was mimicked by random multiple imputations. An example is also included, to compare point and interval estimates under the new approach with the estimates obtained with two other well-known methods.
description: Statistica; Vol 55, No 1 (1995)
On some models and tests for heteroscedasticity
Creators: name: Fassò, A.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: In the present paper a family of bivariate distributions characterized by standardized symmetric conditional distributions and by a simple scedastic curve (i.e. conditional Variance) is considered. A particular case arises from the first order autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic (ARCH) model of time series analysis; therefore, for this family, inference based on data from simple random sampling and from ARCH models is compared and unified to some extent.
Despite the fact that the marginal density is not known is closed form even for typical cases (as conditional Normality), its moments (computed for the general case) show that the marginal distribution has higher kurtosis than the conditional distributions; hence heavy tails of rest data distribution may be disturbing factors in testing heteroscedasticity, especially if one uses a gaussian-score based test.
The score based test for independence vs. scedastic regression is shown to be of square correlation type under conditional normal distribution. Moreover, the score based test under Student's t conditional normal distribution is also introduced and proposed as an alternative to the above Normal case test.
Although the Student's t test converges to the Normal case for increasing degrees of freedom, it is shown that, using the Normal case test when in fact the conditional is leptokurtic Student's t (e.g. with degrees of freedom between 9 and 12) entails a relevant loss in asymptotic efficiency.
description: Statistica; Vol 55, No 1 (1995)
Analisi di un collettivo stratificato basata su più  valutazioni di cotomiche individuali
Creators: name: Bollani, L.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: This paper examines a stratified population in which each individual is evaluated m times considering the presence or absence of a particular characteristic with binary responses supplied by the same set of m observers. The position of each group of subjects is determined introducing a relevant index which measures the degree of presence of the characteristic in the group in relation to the population at large and with respect to all the observers together. This result can be reached either by synthesizing group partial indices, obtained from the information compiled by each observer, or directly constructing a global index on synthetic judgements made on each individual. The relationship between the two synthesis functions, obtained from two different models, can be completely defined only after full examination of all the subjects therefore it is not possible to originally select one function without losing some control of the other, or vice versa.
description: Statistica; Vol 55, No 1 (1995)
Un principio di linearità per le inferenze predittive
Creators: name: Di Maio, M. C.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: The determination of probability functions capable of taking into account the existing similarities among possible outcomes is still an open problem among the issues concerning predictive inference. In fact, the solutions which have been proposed up to now, though they are interesting, have a heuristic character. The present paper is a first step towards a deductive analysis of this problem: a family of probability functions is derived on the basis of a general principle of linearity. Clearly, in order to have a complete deductive analysis, we will have to study other linearity principles as well as non linear functions.
description: Statistica; Vol 55, No 1 (1995)
Estimation de la polarisation d'un faisceau d'electrons: par intervalle de confiance asymtotique ou exact
Creators: name: Philoche, J. L.
name: Viot, M.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: We study the problem of estimating the polarization p of a particular beam of electrons. We begin by establishing a simple probabilistic model. Then several useful properties of the usual estimator p^are derived and a first asymptotic confidence interval is obtained. Numerical evaluations of the real level of this interval at finite distances and of one of its improvements are given. Through exponential inequalities (Bernstein, Bennett , Chernoff and Hoeffding) several exact confidence intervals are given under realistic physical assumptions. As above, the best confidence interval is numerically evaluated.
description: Statistica; Vol 55, No 1 (1995)
Intervalli di confidenza per la differenza tra medie basati sulla verosimiglianza empirica
Creators: name: Adimari, G.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: The empirical likelihood function, introduced by Owen (1988,1990), is a good statistical tool for testing hypotheses and constructing confidence regions in a nonparametric approach. In this paper, we give a formal justification for using this tool to construct confidence intervals when the parameter of interest is the difference between the means of two populations.
description: Statistica; Vol 55, No 1 (1995)
Some results about Bayesian experiments with discrete sample space and positive sampling probabilities
Creators: name: Macci, C.
Publisher: name: Dep. of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Università di Bologna
Year: 2013

description: Assuming that the sample space is discrete and sampling distributions assign positive probability to any point of the sample space, whatever is the prior distribution we have a regular Bayesian experiment. In this note we show that, if we consider two different priors, we have two different families of posterior distributions; moreover we give a characterization for the families of probability measures on the parameter space which can be seen as families of posterior distributions for a prior distribution.
description: Statistica; Vol 55, No 1 (1995)