cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chemical analysis and reactivity of biomass pyrolysis products. Application to the development of carbon-neutral biofuels and chemicals
Creators: name: Torri, Cristian <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: CHIM/01 Chimica analitica

description: In this dissertation the pyrolytic conversion of biomass into chemicals and fuels was investigated from the analytical point of view. The study was focused on the liquid (bio-oil) and solid (char) fractions obtainable from biomass pyrolysis.
The drawbacks of Py-GC-MS described so far were partially solved by coupling different analytical configurations (Py-GC-MS, Py-GC-MIP-AED and off-line Py-SPE and Py-SPME-GC-MS with derivatization procedures).
The application of different techniques allowed a satisfactory comparative analysis of pyrolysis products of different biomass and a high throughput screening on effect of  33 catalysts on biomass pyrolysis. As the results of the screening showed, the most interesting catalysts were those containing copper (able to reduce the high molecular weight fraction of bio-oil without large yield decrease) and H-ZSM-5 (able to entirely convert the bio-oil into “gasoline like” aromatic products).
In order to establish the noxious compounds content of the liquid product, a clean-up step was included in the Py-SPE procedure. This allowed to investigate pollutants (PAHs) generation from pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. In fact, bio-oil from non-catalytic pyrolysis of biomass showed a moderate PAHs content, while the use of H-ZSM-5 catalyst for bio-oil up-grading determined an astonishing high production of PAHs (if compared to what observed in alkanes cracking), indicating an important concern in the substitution fossil fuel with bio-oil derived from biomass. Moreover, the analytical procedures developed in this thesis were directly applied for the detailed study of the most useful process scheme and up-grading route to chemical intermediates (anhydrosugars), transportation fuels or commodity chemicals (aromatic hydrocarbons).  In the applied study, poplar and microalgae biomass were investigated and overall GHGs balance of pyrolysis of agricultural residues in Ravenna province was performed. A special attention was put on the comparison of  the effect of bio-char different use (fuel or as soil conditioner) on the soil health and GHGs emissions.
Use of sub-lethal high pressure homogenization (HPH) treatments to enhance functional properties of lactic acid bacteria probiotic strains
Creators: name: Tabanelli, Giulia <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: AGR/16 Microbiologia agraria

description: The aim of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the effect of a sub-lethal HPH treatment on some probiotic properties and on cell response mechanisms of already-known functional strains, isolated from Argentinean dairy products. The results achieved showed that HPH treatments, performed at a sub-lethal level of 50 MPa, increased some important functional and technological characteristics of the considered non intestinal probiotic strains. In particular, HPH could modify cell hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and resistance to acid gastric conditions (tested in in vitro model), cell viability and cell production of positive aroma compounds, during a refrigerate storage in a simulated dairy product. In addition, HPH process was able to increase also some probiotic properties exerted in vivo and tested for two of the considered strains. In fact, HPH-treated cells were able to enhance the number of IgA+ cells more than other not treated cells, although this capacity was time dependent. On the other hand, HPH treatment was able to modify some important characteristics that are linked to the cell wall and, consequently, could alter the adhesion capacity in vivo and the interaction with the intestinal cells. These modifications, involving cell outermost structures, were highlighted also by Trasmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. In fact, the micrographs obtained showed a significant effect of the pressure treatment on the cell morphology and particularly on the cell wall. Moreover, the results achieved showed that composition of plasma membranes and their level of unsaturation are involved in response mechanisms adopted by cells exposed to the sub-lethal HPH treatment. Although the response to the treatment varied according to the characteristics of individual strains, time of storage and suspension media employed, the results of present study, could be exploited to enhance the quality of functional products and to improve their organoleptic properties.
Properties of the eigenmodes and quantum-chaotic scattering in a superconducting microwave Dirac billiard with threefold rotational symmetry
Creators: name: Zhang, Weihua
name: Zhang, Xiaodong
name: Che, Jiongning
name: Miski-Oglu, M.
name: Dietz, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on experimental studies that were performed with a microwave Dirac billiard (DB), that is, a flat resonator containing metallic cylinders arranged on a triangular grid, whose shape has a threefold rotational C3 symmetry. Its band structure exhibits two Dirac points (DPs) that are separated by a nearly flat band. We present a procedure which we employed to identify eigenfrequencies and to separate the eigenstates according to their transformation properties under rotation by 60 degree into the three C3 subspaces. This allows us to verify previous numerical results of Ref. [W.Zhang and B. Dietz, Phys. Rev. B 104, 064310 (2021)], thus confirming that the properties of the eigenmodes coincide with those of artificial graphene around the lower DP, and are well described by a tight-binding model (TBM) for a honeycomb-kagome lattice of corresponding shape. Above all, we investigate properties of the wave-function components in terms of the fluctuation properties of the measured scattering matrix, which are numerically not accessible. They are compared to random-matrix theory predictions for quantum-chaotic scattering systems exhibiting extended or localized states in the interaction region, that is, the DB. Even in regions, where the wave functions are localized, the spectral properties coincide with those of typical quantum systems with chaotic classical counterpart.
Unfoldomics of human diseases: Linking protein intrinsic disorder with diseases
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Alternative Splicing
Computational Biology
Humans
Protein Folding
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Protein Structure, Secondary
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Proteins
Structure-Activity Relationship

description: Background: Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) lack stable tertiary and/or secondary structure yet fulfills key biological functions. The recent recognition of IDPs and IDRs is leading to an entire field aimed at their systematic structural characterization and at determination of their mechanisms of action. Bioinformatics studies showed that IDPs and IDRs are highly abundant in different proteomes and carry out mostly regulatory functions related to molecular recognition and signal transduction. These activities complement the functions of structured proteins. IDPs and IDRs were shown to participate in both one-to-many and many-to-one signaling. Alternative splicing and posttranslational modifications are frequently used to tune the IDP functionality. Several individual IDPs were shown to be associated with human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, amyloidoses, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and others. This raises questions regarding the involvement of IDPs and IDRs in various diseases. Results: IDPs and IDRs were shown to be highly abundant in proteins associated with various human maladies. As the number of IDPs related to various diseases was found to be very large, the concepts of the disease-related unfoldome and unfoldomics were introduced. Novel bioinformatics tools were proposed to populate and characterize the disease-associated unfoldome. Structural characterization of the members of the disease-related unfoldome requires specialized experimental approaches. IDPs possess a number of unique structural and functional features that determine their broad involvement into the pathogenesis of various diseases. Conclusion: Proteins associated with various human diseases are enriched in intrinsic disorder. These disease-associated IDPs and IDRs are real, abundant, diversified, vital, and dynamic. These proteins and regions comprise the disease-related unfoldome, which covers a significant part of the human proteome. Profound association between intrinsic disorder and various human diseases is determined by a set of unique structural and functional characteristics of IDPs and IDRs. Unfoldomics of human diseases utilizes unrivaled bioinformatics and experimental techniques, paves the road for better understanding of human diseases, their pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms, and helps develop new strategies for the analysis of disease-related proteins. © 2009 Uversky et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Phenomenology from Dirac equation with Euclidean-Minkowskian "gravity phase"
Creators: name: Köplinger, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past decades, many authors advertised models on complexified spacetime algebras for use in describing gravity. This work aims at providing phenomenological support to such claims, by introducing a one-parameter real phase $α$ to the conventional Dirac equation with $\frac{1}{r}$-type potential. This phase allows to transition between Euclidean ($α=0,\pmπ,\pm2π,\ldots$) and Minkowskian ($α=\pm\fracπ{2},\pm\frac{3π}{2},\ldots$) geometry, as two distinct cases that one may expect from some complexified spacetime. The configuration space is modeled on $4\times4$ matrix algebra over the bicomplex numbers, $\mathbb{C}\oplus\mathbb{C}$. Spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Coulomb scattering (Rutherford scattering) in Born approximation is then executed. All calculations are done ``from scratch'', as they could have been done some 85 years ago. By removing elegance from field theory that has since become customary, this paper aims at remaining as generally applicable as possible, for a wide range of candidate models that contain such a phase $α$ in one way or another. Results for backscattering and cross section at high energies are compared with results from General Relativity calculations. Effects on intergalactic gas distribution and momentum transfer from scattering high-energy leptons are sketched.
description: 14 pages
La lattatemia nel puledro neonato sottoposto a terapia intensiva
Creators: name: Mariella, Jole <1977>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: VET/10 Clinica ostetrica e ginecologia veterinaria

description: Admission blood lactate concentration has been shown to be a useful indicator of
disease severity in human medicine and numerous studies have associated
hyperlactatemia with patients at high risk of death who should be treated aggressively
regardless of the cause of the lactate generation. The degree and duration of
hyperlactacidaemia also have been correlated with the subsequent development of
organ failure.
Similarly, in a small number of studies about equine colic, blood lactate
concentration has been investigated as a useful prognostic variable . In neonatal foals
blood lactate was studied first by Magdesian (2003) who described venous blood
lactate concentration in 14 normal foals during the initial 48 hours post-partum. A
preliminary study about lactate concentration in foals presenting to a neonatal
intensive care unit reported that surviving foals had earlier lactate clearance.
The measurement of blood lactate concentration is traditionally available with a wet
chemistry laboratory method or with blood-gas analyzers, for clinicians working at
university or large private hospital. But this methods may not be easily accessible to
many practitioners in field conditions.
Several relatively inexpensive, easy to use and rapid pocket size monitors to measure
lactate concentration have been validated in human patients and athletes.
None of these portable lactate analyzer have been evaluated in clinically normal
neonatal foals or in foals referred to a neonatal intensive care unit.
The aims of this study were to validate the Lactate Scout analyzer in neonatal foals,
investigating the correlation between lactate concentration in whole blood measured
with the portable monitor and measured in plasma with the reference laboratory
analyzer. The effect of hematocrit (Hct) on the accuracy of Lactate Scout was also
evaluated.
Further, we determined the utility of venous lactate measurement in critically-ill
foals, describing lactate values in the most frequent neonatal pathologies, evaluating
serial blood lactate measurements during hospitalization and investigating its
prognostic value. The study also describes normal range for lactate in healthy
neonatal foals during the first 72 hours of life.
From global to local MDI variable importances for random forests and when they are Shapley values
Creators: name: Sutera, Antonio
name: Louppe, Gilles
name: Huynh-Thu, Van Anh
name: Wehenkel, Louis
name: Geurts, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Random forests have been widely used for their ability to provide so-called importance measures, which give insight at a global (per dataset) level on the relevance of input variables to predict a certain output. On the other hand, methods based on Shapley values have been introduced to refine the analysis of feature relevance in tree-based models to a local (per instance) level. In this context, we first show that the global Mean Decrease of Impurity (MDI) variable importance scores correspond to Shapley values under some conditions. Then, we derive a local MDI importance measure of variable relevance, which has a very natural connection with the global MDI measure and can be related to a new notion of local feature relevance. We further link local MDI importances with Shapley values and discuss them in the light of related measures from the literature. The measures are illustrated through experiments on several classification and regression problems.
Purging e alte dosi di chemioterapia con reinfusione di cellule staminali autologhe in linfomi non Hodgkin follicolari resistenti/refrattari
Creators: name: Bassi, Simona <1973>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: MED/15 Malattie del sangue

description: In the era of monoclonal antibodies the role of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the
management of follicular lymphoma (FL) is still debated.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of myeloablative therapy with rescue of purged or unpurged
harvests in FL pts.
At our institution form 1997 to 2007 28 pts with refractory/resistant FL were eligible for ASCT.
Before high dose therapy they received 2-3 cycles of CHOP-like regimen (ACOD), followed by
Cyclophosphamide 4g/mq to mobilize the stem cells (SC). After SC collection the pts underwent 3
cycles of subcutaneous Cladribine at a daily dose of 0,14-0,10 mg/Kg for Day 1-5 every 3-4 weeks.
The conditioning regimen was based on Mitoxantrone 60mg/mq + Melphalan 180 mg/mq, followed
by SC re-infusion 24-hours later and G-CSF starting 24 hours after re-infusion.
In 19 pts the SC underwent purging: in 10 harvests the CD34+ were selected by immunomagnetic
beads, while in the other 9 pts, only Rituximab was used as “purging in vivo” agent. The remaining
9 pts received unpurged SC. Before ASCT 11 pts were in complete response (CR), 9 in partial
response (PR) and 2 in stable disease. Two pts were not eligible for ASCT because of progressive
disease (PD). The remaining 25 pts were eligible for ASCT. The engraftment was at a median of 11
days for leucocytes and 14 days for platelets (>20.000/mmc), with a delay of one day in the pts,
who received purged SC. Grade 3-4 mucositis was described in 8 pts. During aplasia a 48%
infection rate was reported, without differences between pts with purged or unpurged SC. One
patient in CR presented myelodysplastic syndrome at 18 months from ASCT.
After ASCT 22 pts were in CR, 2 in PR and one patient were not valuable, because died before
response assessment. Nine pts in CR showed PD at a median time of 14 months from ASCT. With a
median follow up of 5 years (range 2 months -10 years), 22 pts are alive and 11 (44%) in CR. Ten
pts died, 5 for progressive disease and 5 for treatment-related causes; in particular 7 of them
received in-vitro purged SC.
Conclusions: Our chemotherapy regimen, which included the purine analogue Cladribine in the
induction phase, seems safe and feasible. The high rate of CR reported and the sustained freedom
from progression up to now, makes such modality of treatment a valid option principally in
relapsing FL patients. In our experience, the addition of a monoclonal antibody as part of treatment
confirms its role “in vivo purging” without observing an increased incidence of infection.
Extended excitons and compact helium-like biexcitons in type-II quantum dots
Creators: name: Bansal, Bhavtosh
name: Godefroo, S.
name: Hayne, M.
name: Ribeiro, G. Medeiros-
name: Moshchalkov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used magneto-photoluminescence measurements to establish that InP/GaAs quantum dots have a type-II (staggered) band alignment. The average excitonic Bohr radius and the binding energy are estimated to be 15nm and 1.5 meV respectively. When compared to bulk InP, the excitonic binding is weaker due to the repulsive (type-II) potential at the hetero-interface. The measurements are extended to over almost six orders of magnitude of laser excitation powers and to magnetic fields of up to 50 tesla. It is shown that the excitation power can be used to tune the average hole occupancy of the quantum dots, and hence the strength of the electron-hole binding. The diamagnetic shift coefficient is observed to drastically reduce as the quantum dot ensemble makes a gradual transition from a regime where the emission is from (hydrogen-like) two-particle excitonic states to a regime where the emission from (helium-like) four-particle biexcitonic states also become significant.
Protein disorder in the human diseasome: Unfoldomics of human genetic diseases
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Algorithms
Alternative Splicing
Computational Biology
Databases, Protein
Humans
Protein Conformation
Protein Folding
Proteins
Proteomics
Structure-Activity Relationship

description: Background: Intrinsically disordered proteins lack stable structure under physiological conditions, yet carry out many crucial biological functions, especially functions associated with regulation, recognition, signaling and control. Recently, human genetic diseases and related genes were organized into a bipartite graph (Goh KI, Cusick ME, Valle D, Childs B, Vidal M, et al. (2007) The human disease network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 8685-8690). This diseasome network revealed several significant features such as the common genetic origin of many diseases. Methods and findings: We analyzed the abundance of intrinsic disorder in these diseasome network proteins by means of several prediction algorithms, and we analyzed the functional repertoires of these proteins based on prior studies relating disorder to function. Our analyses revealed that (i) Intrinsic disorder is common in proteins associated with many human genetic diseases; (ii) Different disease classes vary in the IDP contents of their associated proteins; (iii) Molecular recognition features, which are relatively short loosely structured protein regions within mostly disordered sequences and which gain structure upon binding to partners, are common in the diseasome, and their abundance correlates with the intrinsic disorder level; (iv) Some disease classes have a significant fraction of genes affected by alternative splicing, and the alternatively spliced regions in the corresponding proteins are predicted to be highly disordered; and (v) Correlations were found among the various diseasome graph-related properties and intrinsic disorder. Conclusion: These observations provide the basis for the construction of the human-genetic-disease-associated unfoldome. © 2009 Midic et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Symmetry breaking in a localized interacting binary BEC in a bi-chromatic optical lattice
Creators: name: Cheng, Yongshan
name: Adhikari, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By direct numerical simulation of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation using the split-step Fourier spectral method we study different aspects of the localization of a cigar-shaped interacting binary (two-component) Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a one-dimensional bi-chromatic quasi-periodic optical-lattice potential, as used in a recent experiment on the localization of a BEC [Roati et al., Nature 453, 895 (2008)]. We consider two types of localized states: (i) when both localized components have a maximum of density at the origin x=0, and (ii) when the first component has a maximum of density and the second a minimum of density at x=0. In the non-interacting case the density profiles are symmetric around x=0. We numerically study the breakdown of this symmetry due to inter-species and intra-species interaction acting on the two components. Where possible, we have compared the numerical results with a time-dependent variational analysis. We also demonstrate the stability of the localized symmetry-broken BEC states under small perturbation.
description: 9 pages
High-energy characteristics of the schizophrenic pulsar PSR J1846-0258 in Kes 75
Creators: name: Kuiper, L.
name: Hermsen, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR J1846-0258 is a radio-quiet rotation-powered pulsar at the center of Supernova remnant Kes 75. It is the youngest pulsar (~723 year) of all known pulsars and slows down very predictably since its discovery in 2000. Till June 7, 2006 very stable behavior has been displayed both in the temporal and spectral domains with pulsed emission detectable by INTEGRAL IBIS ISGRI and RXTE HEXTE up to ~150 keV. Then, a dramatic brightening was detected of the pulsar during June 7-12, 2006 Chandra observations of Kes 75. This radiative event, lasting for ~55 days, was accompanied by a huge timing glitch, reported on for the first in present work. Moreover, several short magnetar-like bursts were discovered. In this work not only the time-averaged pre-outburst X-ray/soft gamma-ray characteristics are discussed in detail, but also the spectral evolution during the outburst and its relaxation phase are addressed using RXTE PCA and HEXTE and INTEGRAL IBIS ISGRI data.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Accurate prediction of heat conductivity of water by a neuroevolution potential
Creators: name: Xu, Ke
name: Hao, Yongchao
name: Liang, Ting
name: Ying, Penghua
name: Xu, Jianbin
name: Wu, Jianyang
name: Fan, Zheyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an approach that can accurately predict the heat conductivity of liquid water. On the one hand, we develop an accurate machine-learned potential based on the neuroevolution-potential approach that can achieve quantum-mechanical accuracy at the cost of empirical force fields. On the other hand, we combine the Green-Kubo method and the spectral decomposition method within the homogeneous nonequilibrium molecular dynamics framework to account for the quantum-statistical effects of high-frequency vibrations. Excellent agreement with experiments under both isobaric and isochoric conditions within a wide range of temperatures is achieved using our approach.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Small Universal Accepting Networks of Evolutionary Processors with Filtered Connections
Creators: name: Loos, Remco
name: Manea, Florin
name: Mitrana, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present some results regarding the size complexity of Accepting Networks of Evolutionary Processors with Filtered Connections (ANEPFCs). We show that there are universal ANEPFCs of size 10, by devising a method for simulating 2-Tag Systems. This result significantly improves the known upper bound for the size of universal ANEPFCs which is 18. We also propose a new, computationally and descriptionally efficient simulation of nondeterministic Turing machines by ANEPFCs. More precisely, we describe (informally, due to space limitations) how ANEPFCs with 16 nodes can simulate in O(f(n)) time any nondeterministic Turing machine of time complexity f(n). Thus the known upper bound for the number of nodes in a network simulating an arbitrary Turing machine is decreased from 26 to 16.
ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- V. Hierarchical fragmentation and gas dynamics in IRDC G034.43+00.24
Creators: name: Liu, Hong-Li
name: Tej, Anandmayee
name: Liu, Tie
name: Issac, Namitha
name: Saha, Anindya
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Wang, Jun-Zhi
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Qin, Sheng-Li
name: Wang, Ke
name: Li, Shanghuo
name: Soam, Archana
name: Dewangan, Lokesh
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: Li, Pak-Shing
name: Liu, Xun-Chuan
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Ren, Zhiyuan
name: Juvela, Mika
name: Bronfman, Leonardo
name: Wu, Yue-Fang
name: Tatematsu, Ken'ichi
name: Chen, Xi
name: Li, Di
name: Stutz, Amelia
name: Zhang, Siju
name: Toth, L. Viktor
name: Luo, Qiu-Yi
name: Xu, Feng-Wei
name: Li, Jinzeng
name: Liu, Rong
name: Zhou, Jianwen
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Tang, Mengyao
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Baug, Tapas
name: Mannfors, E.
name: Chakali, Eswaraiah
name: Dutta, Somnath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new 3-mm continuum and molecular lines observations from the ATOMS survey towards the massive protostellar clump, MM1, located in the filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC), G034.43+00.24 (G34). The lines observed are the tracers of either dense gas (e.g. HCO+/H13CO+ J = 1-0) or outflows (e.g. CS J = 2-1). The most complete picture to date of seven cores in MM1 is revealed by dust continuum emission. These cores are found to be gravitationally bound, with virial parameter, $α_{vir}<2$. At least four outflows are identified in MM1 with a total outflowing mass of $\sim 45 M_\odot$, and a total energy of $\sim 1\times 10^{47}$ erg, typical of outflows from a B0-type star. Evidence of hierarchical fragmentation, where turbulence dominates over thermal pressure, is observed at both the cloud and the clump scales. This could be linked to the scale-dependent, dynamical mass inflow/accretion on clump and core scales. We therefore suggest that the G34 cloud could be undergoing a dynamical mass inflow/accretion process linked to the multiscale fragmentation, which leads to the sequential formation of fragments of the initial cloud, clumps, and ultimately dense cores, the sites of star formation.
description: 14 pages with 6 figures, and in press
An empirical study of spatial and transpatial social networks using Bluetooth and Facebook
Creators: name: Kostakos, Vassilis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study provides insights into the quantitative similarities, differences and relationships between users' spatial, face-to-face, urban social networks and their transpatial, online counterparts. We explore and map the social ties within a cohort of 2602 users, and how those ties are mediated via physical co-presence and online tools. Our analysis focused on isolating two distinct segments of the social network: one mediated by physical co-presence, and the other mediated by Facebook. Our results suggest that as a whole the networks exhibit homogeneous characteristics, but individuals' involvement in those networks varies considerably. Furthermore this study provides a methodological approach for jointly analysing spatial & transpatial networks utilising pervasive and ubiquitous technology.
description: 17 pages,4 figures, 1 table
The Scientific Observation Campaign of the Hayabusa-2 Capsule Re-entry
Creators: name: Sansom, E. K.
name: Devillepoix, H. A. R.
name: Yamamoto, M. -Y.
name: Abe, S.
name: Nozawa, S.
name: Towner, M. C.
name: Cupák, M.
name: Hiramatsu, Y.
name: Kawamura, T.
name: Fujita, K.
name: Yoshikawa, M.
name: Ishihara, Y.
name: Hamama, I.
name: Segawa, N.
name: Kakinami, Y.
name: Furumoto, M.
name: Katao, H.
name: Inoue, Y.
name: Cool, A.
name: Bonning, G.
name: Howie, R. M.
name: Bland, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 5th December 2020 at 17:28 UTC, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Hayabusa-2 sample return capsule came back to the Earth. It re-entered the atmosphere over South Australia, visible for 53 seconds as a fireball from near the Northern Territory border toward Woomera where it landed in the the Woomera military test range. A scientific observation campaign was planned to observe the optical, seismo-acoustic, radio and high energy particle phenomena associated with the entry of an interplanetary object. A multi-institutional collaboration between Australian and Japanese universities resulted in the deployment of 49 instruments, with a further 13 permanent observation sites. The campaign successfully recorded optical, seismo-acoustic and spectral data for this event which will allow an in depth analysis of the effects produced by interplanetary objects impacting the Earth's atmosphere. This will allow future comparison and insights to be made with natural meteoroid objects.
description: accepted in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
The genomics of speciation in Drosophila: Diversity, divergence, and introgression estimated using low-coverage genome sequencing
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Animals
Chromosome Aberrations
Drosophila
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic Speciation
Genetic Variation
Genome, Insect
Genomics
Models, Genetic
Sequence Analysis, DNA

description: In nature, closely related species may hybridize while still retaining their distinctive identities. Chromosomal regions that experience reduced recombination in hybrids, such as within inversions, have been hypothesized to contribute to the maintenance of species integrity. Here, we examine genomic sequences from closely related fruit fly taxa of the Drosophila pseudoobscura subgroup to reconstruct their evolutionary histories and past patterns of genic exchange. Partial genomic assemblies were generated from two subspecies of Drosophila pseudoobscura (D. ps.) and an outgroup species, D. miranda. These new assemblies were compared to available assemblies of D. ps. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, two species with overlapping ranges in western North America. Within inverted regions, nucleotide divergence among each pair of the three species is comparable, whereas divergence between D. ps. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis in non-inverted regions is much lower and closer to levels of intraspecific variation. Using molecular markers flanking each of the major chromosomal inversions, we identify strong crossover suppression in F1 hybrids extending over 2 megabase pairs (Mbp) beyond the inversion breakpoints. These regions of crossover suppression also exhibit the high nucleotide divergence associated with inverted regions. Finally, by comparison to a geographically isolated subspecies, D. ps. bogotana, our results suggest that autosomal gene exchange between the North American species, D. ps. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, occurred since the split of the subspecies, likely within the last 200,000 years. We conclude that chromosomal rearrangements have been vital to the ongoing persistence of these species despite recent hybridization. Our study serves as a proof-of-principle on how whole genome sequencing can be applied to formulate and test hypotheses about species formation in lesser-known nonmodel systems. © 2009 Kulathinal et al.
Entanglement Wedge Cross Section Growth During Thermalization
Creators: name: Velni, Komeil Babaei
name: Mozaffar, M. Reza Mohammadi
name: Vahidinia, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by exploring the thermalization process in relativistic and non-relativistic holographic field theories after a non-local quench, we investigate some features in the time evolution of the entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS). This quantity is a possible holographic dual to some non-local information measures such as entanglement of purification. In particular, we focus on the time dependence of EWCS during black hole formation in D+2 dimensional AdS spacetime as well as geometries with Lifshitz and hyperscaling violating exponents. A combination of analytic and numerical results for large symmetric strip shaped boundary subregions shows that the scaling of EWCS at early times only depends on the Lifshitz exponent. In addition, this early growth regime is followed by a linear growth regime whose velocity depends on the dimensions of spacetime, the Lifshitz exponent, and the hyperscaling parameter. This velocity is the same as the entanglement velocity and for nontrivial dynamical exponent depends on the temperature of the final equilibrium state.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, references added, updated to match the published version
Finite Energy Monopoles in Non-Abelian Gauge Theories on Odd-dimensional Spaces
Creators: name: Kihara, Hironobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In higher dimensional gauge theory, we need energies with higher power terms of field strength in order to realize point-wise monopoles. We consider new models with higher power terms of field strength and extraordinary kinetic term of scalar field. Monopole charges are computed as integrals over spheres and they are related to mapping class degree. Hedge-Hog solutions are investigated in these models. Every differential equation for these solutions is Abel's differential equation. A condition for existence of finite energy solution is shown. Spaces of 1-jets of these equations are defined as sets of zeros of polynomials. Those spaces can be interpreted as singular quartic surfaces in three-dimensional complex projective space.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Efficient geometrical control of spin waves in microscopic YIG waveguides
Creators: name: Lake, S. R.
name: Divinskiy, B.
name: Schmidt, G.
name: Demokritov, S. O.
name: Demidov, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally and by micromagnetic simulations the propagation of spin waves in 100-nm thick YIG waveguides, where the width linearly decreases from 2 to 0.5 micrometers over a transition region with varying length between 2.5 and 10 micrometers. We show that this geometry results in a down-conversion of the wavelength, enabling efficient generation of waves with wavelengths down to 350 nm. We also find that this geometry leads to a modification of the group velocity, allowing for almost-dispersionless propagation of spin-wave pulses. Moreover, we demonstrate that the influence of energy concentration outweighs that of damping in these YIG waveguides, resulting in an overall increase of the spin-wave intensity during propagation in the transition region. These findings can be utilized to improve the efficiency and functionality of magnonic devices which use spin waves as an information carrier.
Non-Markovian reservoir-dependent squeezing
Creators: name: Paavola, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The squeezing dynamics of a damped harmonic oscillator are studied for different types of environment without making the Markovian approximation. The squeezing dynamics of a coherent state depend on the reservoir spectrum in a unique way that can, in the weak coupling approximation, be analyzed analytically. Comparison of squeezing dynamics for Ohmic, sub-Ohmic and super-Ohmic environments is done showing a clear connection between the squeezing--non-squeezing oscillations and reservoir structure. Understanding the effects occurring due to structured reservoirs is important both from a purely theoretical point of view and in connection with evolving experimental techniques and future quantum computing applications.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Proceedings of CEWQO2009
$\mathbb{Z}_2$ Non-Hermitian skin effect in equilibrium heavy-fermions
Creators: name: Kaneshiro, Shin
name: Yoshida, Tsuneya
name: Peters, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a correlated equilibrium $f$-electron system with time-reversal symmetry can exhibit a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ non-Hermitian skin effect of quasi-particles. In particular, we analyze a two-dimensional periodic Anderson model with spin-orbit coupling by combining the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) and the numerical renormalization group. We prove the existence of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ skin effect by explicitly calculating the topological invariant and show that spin-orbit interaction is essential to this effect. Our DMFT analysis demonstrates that the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ skin effect of quasi-particles is reflected on the pseudo-spectrum. Furthermore, we analyze temperature effects on this skin effect using the generalized Brillouin zone technique, which clarifies that the skin modes are strongly localized above the Kondo temperature.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures. References are updated. Published in PRB
Constraining soft and hard X-ray irradiation in ultraluminous X-ray sources
Creators: name: Qiu, Yanli
name: Feng, Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are argued to be powered by supercritical accretion onto compact objects. One of the key questions regarding these objects is whether or not the hard X-rays are geometrically beamed toward the symmetric axis. We propose to test the scenario using disk irradiation, to see how much the outer accretion disk sees the central hard X-rays. We collect a sample of 11 bright ULXs with an identification of a unique optical counterpart, and model their optical fluxes considering two irradiating sources: soft X-rays from the photosphere of the optically thick wind driven by supercritical accretion, and if needed in addition, hard X-rays from the Comptonization component. Our results indicate that the soft X-ray irradiation can account for the optical emission in the majority of ULXs, and the fraction of hard X-rays reprocessed on the outer disk is constrained to be no more than $\sim$$10^{-2}$ in general. Such an upper limit is well consistent with the irradiation fraction expected in the case of no beaming. Therefore, no stringent constraint on the beaming effect can be placed according to the current data quality.
description: accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Born-Infeld-$f(R)$ gravity with de Sitter solutions
Creators: name: Kibaroğlu, Salih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we consider the Born--Infeld-$f(R)$ gravity in which the $f(R)$ term enters directly into the square root in the Palatini formulation. We shortly analyzed this model for an explicit $f(R)$ function which includes positive and negative powers of the curvature scalar. We also show that both the ordinary Born--Infeld-$f(R)$ and this modification reduce to the same gravitational action form under the conformal approach. Then we consider the existence of a maximally symmetric vacuum solution for the gravitational field equations and find the de Sitter solution for this modified model.
description: 7 pages. The paper is accepted for publication in IJGMMP
Conductivity and magnetoresistance of TTF-TCNQ
Creators: name: Tiedje, J. Thomas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Four probe d. c. electrical conductivity measurements have been made as a function of temperature on 19 single crystals of tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ). Although the data is mainly for the crystallographic b axis conductivity, some less complete a axis data is also presented. The temperature dependence of the electronic energy gap is calculated from the b axis conductivity data. The magnetoresistance for currents along the B axis of TTF-TCNQ, has been measured as a function of temperature Between 17K and 98K in static fields up to 50k0e. For T > 54K the magnetoresistance Δρ/ρ = {ρ (50k0e)- ρ(0)]/ ρ(0) is less than 0.1% in magnitude. There is a peak of about -1.4% at 52.8K. Below 50K Δρ/ρ is small and negative and is described reasonably well By the formula Δρ/ρ = -(1/2)(μ₈gH/kT)² . At all temperatures Δρ/ρ was found to be approximately independent of the orientation of the applied field with respect to the current. The high temperature behaviour is consistent with that expected for a metal in the short scattering time limit.(ω[sub c]T<<1). We attribute the peak at 52.8K to the suppression of the metal-insulator transition By the magnetic, and we show why such behaviour would be expected for a Peierls transition. In the low temperature region the crystal acts as a small gap semiconductor for which the T⁻² dependence of Δρ/ρ is easily understood.
title: Planificación del tratamiento de radioterapia en el cáncer de próstata: valoración de la precisión del registro rígido y deformable de la RM de pelvis según la forma de la mesa del equipo.
Creators: name: Pastor Juan, María Rosario
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Segmentation
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: MR
subject: Pelvis
subject: Abdomen

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
La TC se considera la técnica de elección para la planificación delos tratamientosde radioterapia (RT).
No obstante laRM de próstata tiene mayor contraste en la visualización de las partes blandas que la TC,
lo cual mejora la segmentación...
Order Matters: Matching Multiple Knowledge Graphs
Creators: name: Hertling, Sven
name: Paulheim, Heiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge graphs (KGs) provide information in machine interpretable form. In cases where multiple KGs are used in the same system, that information needs to be integrated. This is usually done by automated matching systems. Most of those systems consider only 1:1 (binary) matching tasks. Thus, matching a larger number of knowledge graphs with such systems would lead to quadratic efforts. In this paper, we empirically analyze different approaches to reduce the task of multi-source matching to a linear number of executions of binary matching systems. We show that the matching order of KGs and the multi-source strategy actually matter and that near-optimal results can be achieved with linear efforts.
The spatial and temporal patterns of falciparum and vivax malaria in Per: 19942006
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Animals
Environment
Geography
Humans
Incidence
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria, Vivax
Peru
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Seasons
Tropical Climate

description: Background. Malaria is the direct cause of approximately one million deaths worldwide each year, though it is both preventable and curable. Increasing the understanding of the transmission dynamics of falciparum and vivax malaria and their relationship could suggest improvements for malaria control efforts. Here the weekly number of malaria cases due to Plasmodium falciparum (19942006) and Plasmodium vivax (19992006) in Per at different spatial scales in conjunction with associated demographic, geographic and climatological data are analysed. Methods. Malaria periodicity patterns were analysed through wavelet spectral analysis, studied patterns of persistence as a function of community size and assessed spatial heterogeneity via the Lorenz curve and the summary Gini index. Results. Wavelet time series analyses identified annual cycles in the incidence of both malaria species as the dominant pattern. However, significant spatial heterogeneity was observed across jungle, mountain and coastal regions with slightly higher levels of spatial heterogeneity for P. vivax than P. falciparum. While the incidence of P. falciparum has been declining in recent years across geographic regions, P. vivax incidence has remained relatively steady in jungle and mountain regions with a slight decline in coastal regions. Factors that may be contributing to this decline are discussed. The time series of both malaria species were significantly synchronized in coastal ( = 0.9, P < 0.0001) and jungle regions ( = 0.76, P < 0.0001) but not in mountain regions. Community size was significantly associated with malaria persistence due to both species in jungle regions, but not in coastal and mountain regions. Conclusion. Overall, findings highlight the importance of highly refined spatial and temporal data on malaria incidence together with demographic and geographic information in improving the understanding of malaria persistence patterns associated with multiple malaria species in human populations, impact of interventions, detection of heterogeneity and generation of hypotheses. © 2009 Chowell et al.