cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Determining the Variations of Ca-K index and Features using a Century Long Equal Contrast Images from Kodaikanal Observatory
Creators: name: Singh, Jagdev
name: Priyal, Muthu
name: Ravindra, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the earlier analysis of Ca-K spectroheliograms obtained at Kodaikanal Observatory, the "Good" images were used to investigate variations in the chromosphere. Still, the contrast of the images varied on a day-to-day basis. We developed a new methodology to generate images to form a uniform time series. We adjusted each image's contrast until the FWHM of the normalized intensity distribution attained a value between 0.10 and 0.11. This methodology of the "Equal Contrast technique" is expected to compensate for the change of emulsion, development, contrast of the images due to centering of Ca-K line on the exit slit and sky transparency. Besides, this procedure will correct variations in density-to-intensity conversion for different images. We find that the correlation between sunspot and Ca-K line data improves by a large amount. For example, correlation coefficient (CC) between monthly averaged sunspots and Ca-K plage areas for the equal contrast data improves to 0.9 compared to 0.75 for the "Good" data with unequal contrast. The CC for equal contrast images improves to $\sim$0.78 from $\sim$0.46 for the "Okay" data with unequal contrast. Even the CC between the plage area and the daily sunspot number is 0.85 for 100 years of data. This methodology also permits us to study the variations in Enhanced, Active, and Quiet networks with time along with good accuracy for about a century, for the first time. Further, this procedure can be used to combine data from different observatories to make a long time series.
description: 34 pages, 23 Figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Symmetrization, green’s functions, harmonic measures and difference equations
Creators: name: Pruss, Alexander Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Symmetrization methods transform functions or sets into functions or sets having desirable features such as symmetry or some kind of convexity. We consider whether the values of various functionals do or do not increase under the transformation. First, we answer in the negative a question of W. K. Hayman (1967) on the precise way that Green's functions increase under circular rearrangement. Next we study symmetrization techniques in discrete cases, obtaining convolution-rearrangement inequalities of the form ...........
Generalized string topology operations
Creators: name: Gruher, Kate
name: Salvatore, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R35; 57R19; 55R70; 55P43; 55S12

description: We show that the Chas-Sullivan loop product, a combination of the Pontrjagin product on the fiber and intersection product on the base, makes sense on the total space homology of any fiberwise monoid E over a closed oriented manifold M. More generally the Thom spectrum E^{-TM} is a ring spectrum. Similarly a fiberwise module over E defines a module over E^{-TM}. Fiberwise monoids include adjoint bundles of principal bundles, and the construction is natural with respect to maps of principal bundles. This naturality implies homotopy invariance of the algebra structure on H_*(LM) arising from the loop product. If M=BG is the infinite dimensional classifying space of a compact Lie group, then we get a well-defined pro-ring spectrum, which we define to be the string topology of BG. If E has a fiberwise action of the little n-cubes operad then E^{-TM} is an E_n-ring spectrum. This gives homology operations combining Dyer-Lashof operations on the fiber and Steenrod operations on the base. We give several examples where the new operations give homological insight, borrowed from knot theory, complex geometry, gauge theory, and homotopy theory.
description: 27 pages
Entanglement Entropy in Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Donnelly, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement entropy between quantum fields inside and outside a black hole horizon is a promising candidate for the microscopic origin of black hole entropy. We show that the entanglement entropy may be defined in loop quantum gravity, and compute its value for spin network states. The entanglement entropy for an arbitrary region of space is expressed as a sum over punctures where the spin network intersects the region's boundary. Our result agrees asymptotically with results previously obtained from the isolated horizon framework, and we give a justification for this agreement. We conclude by proposing a new method for studying corrections to the area law and its implications for quantum corrections to the gravitational action.
description: 4 pages, no figures
Design of experiments for supersonic ORC nozzles in linear cascade configuration
Creators: name: Manfredi, Marco
name: Persico, Giacomo
name: Spinelli, Andrea
name: Gaetani, Paolo
name: Dossena, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: Technical University of Munich
Year: 2021

description: Small-scale Organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) are recognized as a promising solution to recover thermal energy from internal combustion engines (ICEs) in the transportation field, especially onboard of innovative longhaul trucks. Design methods for ORCs typically aim at obtaining good performance at both design and offdesign operating conditions, especially in the frequent case of variable heat source flow rate and temperature. The fluid dynamic design of ORC turbines, whose performance considerably impacts on cycle efficiency, is usually performed by exploiting meanline models to define a baseline geometry, followed by the application of CFDbased shape optimization techniques. However, the validation of both low and highfidelity tools is limited, due to a lack of experimental data. To fill this gap, an experimental campaign on supersonic ORC nozzle cascade was started at Politecnico di Milano. This paper comprehensively describes the methodologies applied to setup an innovative linear cascade experiment, representative of the stator operation of axial/radial turboexpanders for ORC systems. The selected working fluid is siloxane MM. Due to the nature of the flow, which feature complex shock patterns, and to the intrinsic challenge of performing measurements in closetocritical point regions, several issues need to be solved to properly setup the experiments. Cascade operating conditions to be investigated during the experiments are reported, as well as the methodology to setup the test section, namely blade number, stagger angle, blade and side wall profiles. Main objective of experiments is to retrieve nozzle total pressure losses, in order to have a first validation of numerical simulations in terms of entropy production. A relatively high space resolution for measuring points is obtained downstream the cascade. Measurement technique selected include supersonic total pressure probes and wall pressure taps, as well as thermocouples and schlieren visualization. This paper reviews all steps required to design the campaign and aims at serving as a reference for future experimental investigations on ORC cascades. Main result of this preliminary work is the implementation of a relatively simple methodology to carry out experiments in blade cascade operated with organic vapors and aimed at evaluating row losses, without resorting to specifically calibrated instrumentation.
Influence of acceleration on multi-body entangled quantum states
Creators: name: Pan, Yongjie
name: Zhang, Baocheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of acceleration on the twin-Fock state which is a class of specific multibody entangled quantum state and was already realized experimentally with high precision and sensitivity. We show that the multi-body quantum entanglement can be increased with the acceleration, consistent with the "anti-Unruh effect" in reference to the counterintuitive cooling previously pointed out for an accelerated detector coupled to the vacuum. In particular, this kind of entanglement increase can lead to the improvement of the phase sensitivity, which provides a way to test the anti-Unruh effect in the future experiments.
Wet to dry cycles for high temperature waste heat valorisation using a diphenyl-biphenyl oxide mixture
Creators: name: Egoi Ortego Sampedro
name: Védie, Léopold
Publisher: name: Technical University of Munich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Hight temperature ORC; Dowtherm A; two-phase

description: Waste heat recovery at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 400°C suffers from a lack of working fluids supporting well such high temperatures. Biphenyl-diphenyl oxide mixtures could be used as high temperature working fluids thanks to their good thermal stability up to 400°C. The paper explores the possibility of using a eutectic mixture known as Dowtherm A in a ‘’wet to dry’’ cycle for high temperature heat-to-power conversion. The paper presents first a Dowtherm A cycle alone for mechanical work and heat generation; the sensitivity of the cycle to the turbine inlet quality and to the hot source inlet temperature is analyzed. Then an ORC cascade is presented where the Dowtherm A is used in the topping cycle and toluene in the bottom cycle. The sensitivity to the hot source temperature and top cycle boiling temperature are presented. The simulations show that the mechanical power output can be increased compared to a standard cycle thanks to a better matching between the hot source and working fluid temperatures. Besides, the analysis shows that the value of the expansion inlet vapor quality leading to the maximal power output depends on the hot source temperature.
Reaction rate weighted multilayer nuclear reaction network
Creators: name: Liu, H. L.
name: Han, D. D.
name: Ji, P.
name: Ma, Y. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear reaction rate ($λ$) is a significant factor in the process of nucleosynthesis. A multi-layer directed-weighted nuclear reaction network in which the reaction rate as the weight, and neutron, proton, $^4$He and the remainder nuclei as the criterion for different reaction-layers is for the first time built based on all thermonuclear reactions in the JINA REACLIB database. Our results show that with the increase of the stellar temperature ($T_{9}$), the distribution of nuclear reaction rates on the $R$-layer network demonstrates a transition from unimodal to bimodal distributions. Nuclei on the $R$-layer in the region of $λ= [1,2.5\times10^{1}]$ have a more complicated out-going degree distribution than the one in the region of $λ= [10^{11},10^{13}]$, and the number of involved nuclei at $T_{9} = 1$ is very different from the one at $T_{9} = 3$. The redundant nuclei in the region of $λ= [1, 2.5\times10^{1}]$ at $T_{9} = 3$ prefer $(γ,p)$ and $({γ,α})$ reactions to the ones at $T_{9}=1$, which produce nuclei around the $β$ stable line. This work offers a novel way to the big-data analysis on nuclear reaction network at stellar temperatures.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of NK cell-triggered CCL5/IFNγ-CXCL9/10 axis underlies the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant anti-HER2 antibodies in breast cancer
Creators: name: Santana-Hernández, Sara
name: Suarez-Olmos, Jesús
name: Servitja, Sonia
name: Berenguer-Molins, Pau
name: Costa-Garcia, Marcel
name: Comerma, Laura
name: Rea, Anna
name: Perera-Bel, Julia
name: Menendez, Silvia
name: Arpí, Oriol
name: Bermejo, Begoña
name: Martínez, María Teresa
name: Cejalvo, Juan Miguel
name: Comino-Méndez, Iñaki
name: Pascual, Javier
name: Alba, Emilio
name: López-Botet, Miguel
name: Rojo, Federico
name: Rovira, Ana
name: Albanell, Joan
name: Muntasell, Aura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary methods. Supplementary Figure 1. Clinicopathological features and DEG in NK cell rich virus NK cell desert HER2+ tumors. Supplementary Figure 2. Contribution of IFN-ɣ, TNF-α and type I IFNs to the production of CXCL9 and CXCL10 upon NK cell-medicated ADCC against SKBR3 cells. Supplementary Table 1. Clinicopathological features of tumor specimens included inflow cytometry analysis of immune in filtrates. Supplementary Figure 3. Identification of TI-NK cell and T cell subsets in treatment naïve breast carcinomas. Supplementary Figure 4. Influence of tumor subtype in the composition of immune infiltrates. Supplementary Figure 5. Gating strategy and differential expressed genes of circulating and tumor-infiltrating NK cell subsets. Supplementary Table 2. Clinipathological features of patients included in longitudinal chemokine studies. Supplementary Figure 6. Systemic CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL0 in HER2+ breast cancer patients.
Optimization of a Rankine Cycle integrated in a Long-Range Intercity Bus with expander sizing
Creators: name: Hadamitzky, Patrick
name: Hebeler, Maximilian
name: Juergen Koehler
name: Scharf, Roland
Publisher: name: Technical University of Munich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Optimization; Organic Rankine Cycle; ORC; Expander

description: In this work an optimization of a Rankine cycle, nested into a long-range intercity bus for the recovery of exhaust gas exergy is carried out. In order to optimize WHR-systems, it is of great importance to carry out a holistic optimization of the system in combination with all its subsystems and components. The applied working fluid is cyclopentane and the expander design is of scroll type. The main contributors to efficiency changes are the expansion machine and the heat exchangers. As can be seen in the literature, the process optimization is often carried out by assuming a constant efficiency of the expansion machine. If this is done, the relationship between the thermodynamic points of state applied to the in- and outlet of the expander and its efficiency is neglected. Thus, the full optimization potential of the process remains unused and leads to a non-realistic behaviour of the expander. In this paper a holistic approach to optimize the expansion machine and the thermodynamic process states is presented. The optimization is carried out by using accurate thermophysical properties of the working fluid. Part of this optimization is a novel approach to enable the scalability of the expander. The basis is a semiempirical model well-known in the literature. This model allows the prediction of the expander performance in a wide operating range. To enable the optimization of the sizing of the expander, the model parameters are scaled based on the geometry and selected characteristic numbers. A stationary optimization is carried out. Thanks to its reasonable computational effort of the modelling approaches, an application in transient optimizations is feasible in future works
Building Tensor Networks for Holographic States
Creators: name: Caputa, Pawel
name: Kruthoff, Jorrit
name: Parrikar, Onkar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a one-parameter family of states in two-dimensional holographic conformal field theories which are constructed via the Euclidean path integral of an effective theory on a family of hyperbolic slices in the dual bulk geometry. The effective theory in question is the CFT flowed under a $T\overline{T}$ deformation, which "folds" the boundary CFT towards the bulk time-reflection symmetric slice. We propose that these novel Euclidean path integral states in the CFT can be interpreted as continuous tensor network (CTN) states. We argue that these CTN states satisfy a Ryu-Takayanagi-like minimal area upper bound on the entanglement entropies of boundary intervals, with the coefficient being equal to $\frac{1}{4G_N}$; the CTN corresponding to the bulk time-reflection symmetric slice saturates this bound. We also argue that the original state in the CFT can be written as a superposition of such CTN states, with the corresponding wavefunction being the bulk Hartle-Hawking wavefunction.
description: 38 pages, 6 figures
Simultaneous collapse of antiferroquadrupolar order and superconductivity in PrIr$_{2}$Zn$_{20}$ by nonhydrostatic pressure
Creators: name: Umeo, Kazunori
name: Takikawa, Riho
name: Onimaru, Takahiro
name: Adachi, Makoto
name: Matsumoto, Keisuke T.
name: Takabatake, Toshiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity in PrIr$_{2}$Zn$_{20}$ appears at $T_{\rm c} = 0.05$ K in the presence of an antiferroquadrupolar order below $T_{\rm Q} = 0.11$ K. We have studied pressure dependences of $T_{\rm c}$, $T_{\rm Q}$, and non-Fermi liquid behaviors in the resistivity $ρ(T)$ by using two pressure transmitting media: argon maintaining highly hydrostatic pressure, and glycerol, which solidifies above 5 GPa producing nonhydrostatic pressure. Upon applying $P$ with argon up to 10.6 GPa, $T_{\rm c}$ hardly changes, while $T_{\rm Q}$ monotonically increases from 0.11 to 0.23 K. With glycerol, however, $T_{\rm Q}$ and $T_{\rm c}$ simultaneously fall below 0.04 K at 6.3 GPa. The contrasting results indicate that onsite quadrupolar fluctuations induce superconductivity in this compound.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
More on the operator-state map in non-relativistic CFTs
Creators: name: Karananas, Georgios K.
name: Monin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an algebraic construction of the operator-state correspondence in non-relativistic conformal field theories by explicitly constructing an automorphism of the Schrödinger algebra relating generators in different frames. It is shown that the construction follows closely that of relativistic conformal field theories.
description: Journal version---a few minor changes
Tidal effects for spinning particles
Creators: name: Aoude, Rafael
name: Haddad, Kays
name: Helset, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Expanding on the recent derivation of tidal actions for scalar particles, we present here the action for a tidally deformed spin-$1/2$ particle. Focusing on operators containing two powers of the Weyl tensor, we combine the Hilbert series with an on-shell amplitude basis to construct the tidal action. With the tidal action in hand, we compute the leading-post-Minkowskian tidal contributions to the spin-1/2 -- spin-1/2 amplitude, arising at $\mathcal{O}(G^{2})$. Our amplitudes provide evidence that the observed long range spin-universality for the scattering of two point particles extends to the scattering of tidally deformed objects. From the scattering amplitude we find the conservative two-body Hamiltonian, linear and angular impulses, eikonal phase, spin kick, and aligned-spin scattering angle. We present analogous results in the electromagnetic case along the way.
description: 25 pages + appendices, 2 figures
A Stochastic Optimal Control Model with Internal Feedback and Velocity Tracking for Saccades
Creators: name: V, Varsha
name: Murthy, Aditya
name: Padhi, Radhakant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A stochastic optimal control based model with velocity tracking and internal feedback for saccadic eye movements is presented in this paper. Recent evidence from neurophysiological studies of superior colliculus suggests the presence of a dynamic input to the saccade generation system that encodes saccade velocity, rather than just the saccade amplitude and direction. The new evidence makes it imperative to test if saccade control can use a desired velocity input which is the basis for the proposed velocity tracking model. The model is validated using behavioral data of saccades generated by healthy human subjects. It generates trajectories of horizontal saccades made to different amplitudes as well as predicts vertical and oblique saccade behavior. This paper presents the first-ever model of the saccadic system in an optimal control framework using an alternate interpretation of velocity-based control, contrary to the dominant end-point based models available in the literature.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Amtliche Mitteilungen der Technischen Universität Dortmund Nr. 7/2021
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 080

description: Gemeinsame Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang “Spatial Planning for Regions in Growing Economies (SPRING)” der Fakultät Raumplanung an der Technischen Universität Dortmund, Deutschland vom 23. Februar 2021 und der School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines, Philippinen
description: Gemeinsame Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang “Spatial Planning for Regions in Growing Economies (SPRING)” der Fakultät Raumplanung an der Technischen Universität Dortmund, Deutschland vom 23. Februar 2021 und der School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ardhi University, Tansania
description: Gemeinsame Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang “Spatial Planning for Regions in Growing Economies (SPRING)” der Fakultät Raumplanung an der Technischen Universität Dortmund, Deutschland vom 23. Februar 2021 und dem Department of Planning, College of Architecture and Planning an der Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana
description: Gemeinsame Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang “Spatial Planning for Regions in Growing Economies (SPRING)” der Fakultät Raumplanung an der Technischen Universität Dortmund, Deutschland vom 23. Februar 2021 und der Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Chile
description: Amtliche Mitteilungen der Technischen Universität Dortmund;2021, 7
Protecting Privacy and Transforming COVID-19 Case Surveillance Datasets for Public Use
Creators: name: Lee, Brian
name: Dupervil, Brandi
name: Deputy, Nicholas P.
name: Duck, Wil
name: Soroka, Stephen
name: Bottichio, Lyndsay
name: Silk, Benjamin
name: Price, Jason
name: Sweeney, Patricia
name: Fuld, Jennifer
name: Weber, Todd
name: Pollock, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objectives: Federal open data initiatives that promote increased sharing of federally collected data are important for transparency, data quality, trust, and relationships with the public and state, tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) partners. These initiatives advance understanding of health conditions and diseases by providing data to more researchers, scientists, and policymakers for analysis, collaboration, and valuable use outside CDC responders. This is particularly true for emerging conditions such as COVID-19 where we have much to learn and have evolving data needs. Since the beginning of the outbreak, CDC has collected person-level, de-identified data from jurisdictions and currently has over 8 million records, increasing each day. This paper describes how CDC designed and produces two de-identified public datasets from these collected data. Materials and Methods: Data elements were included based on the usefulness, public request, and privacy implications; specific field values were suppressed to reduce risk of reidentification and exposure of confidential information. Datasets were created and verified for privacy and confidentiality using data management platform analytic tools as well as R scripts. Results: Unrestricted data are available to the public through Data.CDC.gov and restricted data, with additional fields, are available with a data use agreement through a private repository on GitHub.com. Practice Implications: Enriched understanding of the available public data, the methods used to create these data, and the algorithms used to protect privacy of de-identified individuals allow for improved data use. Automating data generation procedures allows greater and more timely sharing of data.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 5 supplements
The interior point method and its application to the fractional (g.f)-factor problem
Creators: name: Shi, Ping
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis contains six chapters. From Chapter 1 to Chapter 5, we give an exposition of interiorpoint methods (IPM). In Chapter 1 a brief survey of the recent development in interior-point methods is given. Chapter 2 gives a detailed description on the history of the primal-dual pathfollowing methods for linear programming. Chapter 3 introduces several predictor-corrector methods. This is an efficient and powerful class of interior-point methods and a lot ofattention has been paid during recent years. Chapter 4 discusses the various efficient linear algebraic methods which are used for solving the Newton equations system. Practically, most of the computational effort in implementations of interior-point methods is taken up in solving the Newton equations system. Therefore an efficient method for solving the Newton equations system can make the whole algorithm very efficient. Chapter 5 talks about the presolving procedure which is used to reduce the size of the LP problem and to make the system sparser before passing the problems to optimization. The presolve procedure is a very efficient adjunct for any LP solver. In chapter 6, we apply the interior-point method to the fractional (g,f)-factor problem, we first exploit the special structure of the fractional (g,f)-factor problem and propose two IPM algorithms to take advantage of the special structure of the fractional (g,f)-factor problem. In each of the two algorithms, we use a different linear programming model for the fractional (g/f)-factor problem in order to make the corresponding algorithm more efficient. Then, we discuss three starting point approaches and the strategy for creating our test problems. Last, we use the high order predictor-corrector primal-dual path-following code HOPDM[45] to test the three starting point approaches and from the computational results we get the conclusion that a fractional (g/f)-factor problem-specific starting point can save iterations of the IPM and make the IPM more efficient for solving fractional (g,f)-factor problem.
Quantum Algorithms for Open Lattice Field Theory
Creators: name: Hubisz, Jay
name: Sambasivam, Bharath
name: Unmuth-Yockey, Judah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Certain aspects of some unitary quantum systems are well-described by evolution via a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian, as in the Wigner-Weisskopf theory for spontaneous decay. Conversely, any non-Hermitian Hamiltonian evolution can be accommodated in a corresponding unitary system + environment model via a generalization of Wigner-Weisskopf theory. This demonstrates the physical relevance of novel features such as exceptional points in quantum dynamics, and opens up avenues for studying many body systems in the complex plane of coupling constants. In the case of lattice field theory, sparsity lends these channels the promise of efficient simulation on standardized quantum hardware. We thus consider quantum operations that correspond to Suzuki-Lee-Trotter approximation of lattice field theories undergoing non-Hermitian time evolution, with potential applicability to studies of spin or gauge models at finite chemical potential, with topological terms, to quantum phase transitions - a range of models with sign problems. We develop non-Hermitian quantum circuits and explore their promise on a benchmark, the quantum one-dimensional Ising model with complex longitudinal magnetic field, showing that observables can probe the Lee-Yang edge singularity. The development of attractors past critical points in the space of complex couplings indicates a potential for study on near-term noisy hardware.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures
Primary particle acceleration above 100 TeV in the shell-type Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946 with deep H.E.S.S. observations
Creators: name: The HESS Collaboration
name: Aharonian, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep H.E.S.S. observations of the supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946. Combining data of three years - from 2003 to 2005 - we obtain significantly increased statistics and energy coverage as compared to earlier 2003 & 2004 results. The data are analysed separately for the different years. Very good agreement of the gamma-ray morphology and the differential spectra is found when comparing the three years. The combined gamma-ray image of the 2004 and 2005 data reveals the morphology of RX J1713.7-3946 with unprecedented precision. An angular resolution of 0.06 deg is achieved, revealing the detailed structure of the remnant. The combined spectrum of all three years extends over three orders of magnitude, with significant gamma-ray emission approaching 100 TeV. The cumulative significance above 30 TeV is 4.8 sigma, while for energies between 113 and 294 TeV an upper limit on the gamma-ray flux of 1.6 x 10^-16 cm^-2 s^-1 is obtained. The energy coverage of the H.E.S.S. data is presumably at the limit of present generation Cherenkov telescopes. The measurement of significant gamma-ray emission beyond 30 TeV formally implies the existence of primary particles of at least that energy. However, for realistic scenarios of very-high-energy gamma-ray production, the Inverse Compton scattering of very-high-energy electrons and pi^0 decay following inelastic proton-proton interactions, the measured gamma-ray energies imply that efficient acceleration of primary particles to energies exceeding 100 TeV is taking place in the shell of the SNR RX J1713.7-3946.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
DEXA-based Fat Mass with the Risk of Worsening Insulin Resistance in Adolescents: A 9-Year Temporal and Mediation Study
Creators: name: Agbaje, Andrew
name: Saner, Christoph
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Henderson, Mélanie
name: Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420205
subject: Epidemiological modelling
classificationCode: 420204
subject: Epidemiological methods
classificationCode: 321301
subject: Adolescent health
classificationCode: 320504
subject: Medical biochemistry - lipids
classificationCode: 320208
subject: Endocrinology

description: Supplementary Tables for the articleDEXA-based Fat Mass with the Risk of Worsening Insulin Resistance in Adolescents: A 9-Year Temporal and Mediation StudyThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, January 2024Andrew O. Agbaje MD, MPH1,2, Christoph Saner MD, PhD3,4, Jie Zhang PhD5, Mélanie Henderson MD, PhD6-8, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen MD, PhD11Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.2Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.3Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.4Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.5Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark6School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada7Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada8Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
Ethical design and evaluation of digital technology to support play behaviours: a hospital case study with young children, parents and practitioner
Creators: name: Andries, Valentina
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2021
Subjects: play specialists
children’s hospitals
digital devices
digital social play
case study analysis

description: In the last decade, children’s access to a variety of applications on tablet devices has increased. Similarly, there has been an increase in the technology used in paediatric clinical settings, with the aim of improving children’s wellbeing, primarily for distraction or therapeutic purposes. The benefits of employing play strategies for therapeutic intervention purposes in hospitals has been well researched. Nonetheless, the potential of technology to support and encourage playful behaviour in hospital environments is underexplored. In particular, the ways in which apps can foster playful interactions between children and their parents or carers in hospitals has not been investigated. Therefore, this thesis qualitatively explores the ethical design and evaluation of an iPad application (Lolli and Friends) aimed at fostering play behaviours with young children, parents and practitioners in a hospital setting. Through analysis of an evaluation in a children’s hospital, the findings provide evidence of the potential of apps to facilitate various play behaviours in a digital environment, when targeted at young children aged 3-5 in a clinical context, and employed together with adults. The results of the iterative design process and the evaluations of the two prototypes developed during the doctoral study indicate that the Lolli and Friends app was enjoyable to use, having the potential to foster several play behaviours (such as creative, exploratory or imaginative play) when used by various young children with different abilities and needs. The interactions of the children and parents with the digital system also revealed a dyadic social dimension, which supported play and learning behaviours. The main contributions of the thesis are the design of an application, derived from a comprehensive user-centred design approach which capture the needs and preferences of different stakeholders, the findings of the in-depth hospital evaluation of the application, as well as a transparent and thorough account of institutionalised and situational ethics practices entailed by this hospital study. The contextual implications of evaluating technology in a sensitive context are reflected upon. Qualitative case study analysis, based on frameworks including Hughes (2002), Marsh et al. (2015), Broadhead (2006) and Plowman and Stephen (2007), was conducted to understand and explain young children’s digital play behaviours, as well as to unravel the social dimension of their parents’ interactions. Furthermore, design requirements and guidelines for designing digital media are established and discussed, as a result of the design process and evaluation analysis.
Stenus unctivestitus Puthz 2016, nov.sp.
Creators: name: Puthz, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Stenus
Stenus unctivestitus

description: Stenus unctivestitus nov.sp.
(Abb. 34, 135, 163, 256, 267, 321)
Material: Holotypus (♂): ECUADOR: Pichincha, Old Quito- Santo Domingo Road, 29-30 km W Quito, 9900- 10.000 feet, litter, 25.X.1988, L. Herman. Paratypen: 2♂♂, 2 ♀♀: Pichincha, San Jose de Minas, Cerro Blanco, 3150m, 0 o 12’375’’NS, 78 o 21’03’W, 7.VIII.2006, C. Bello; 1♂: 52 km Alluriquin, Alluriquin- Aloag Road, 8600 feet, litter, 20.X.1988, L. Herman; 1♀: Monona-Santiago, 71 km E Cuenca, road to Arenilles, 2500m, berlese cloud forest litter, 8.I.1992, Carlton & Leschen; 1♀: ibidem, 2000m, beating, 5.I.1992, idem.- HT und 1 PT im AMNH, PTT im KSEM, in coll. Osella und in cP ..
Beschreibung: Kurzbeschreibung wie bei S. unctivestis nov.sp. (s. o.). Elytren (Abb. 34).
Länge: 4,5-5,5mm (Vorderkörperlänge: 2,4-2,5mm).
PM des HT: HW: 40,5; DE: 21; PW: 33; PL: 33; EW: 47; EL: 44; SL: 38.
Männchen: Beine und Ventralseite des Abdomens wie bei der genannten Art. Metasternum aber genetzt und im Bereich des vertieften, mittleren Längsstreifens und im vorderen Teil fein und sehr dicht punktiert und beborstet (Abb. 163). 8. Sternit mit spitzwinkligem Ausschnitt etwa im hinteren Viertel des Sternits (6: 27). 9. Sternit und 10. Tergit wie bei S. unctivestis. Aedoeagus (Abb. 256, 267) im Umriss ebenfalls dem der genannten Art sehr ähnlich, der Innensack jedoch nur mit kleinen Häkchen besetzt, ohne weitere Zähne.
Weibchen: 8. Sternit (Abb. 321). Valvifer und 10. Tergit wie bei der verglichenen Art.
Differenzial diagnose: In den meisten Punkten von S. unctivestis kaum zu unterscheiden, die Elytrenmakel aber etwas mehr in der Längsmitte der Elytren platziert und, vor allem, mit einer Rosette von Furchen umgeben, die Punktierung des Abdomens etwas gröber und etwas dichter; beispielsweise sind die Punkte des 7. Tergits wenig kleiner als der basale Querschnitt des 3. Fühlergliedes, ihre Abstände etwa doppelt so gross wie die Punkte, bei der verglichenen Art viel kleiner als der basale Querschnitt des 3. Fühlergliedes, ihre Abstände mindestens dreimal so gross wie die Punkte (Abb. 135, vgl. Abb. 134). Die wesentlichen Unterschiede liegen aber im Innenbau des Medianlobus. Zur Unterscheidung von den übrigen ähnlichen Arten vergleiche man die Bestimmungstabelle.
Etymologie: Der Name auch dieser Art soll ihren fettartigen Schimmer bezeichnen (Lat. unctivestitus = mit Fett bekleidet).
description: Published as part of Puthz, Volker, 2016, Übersicht über die neotropischen Arten der Gattung Stenus LATREILLE mit seitlich gerandetem Abdomen und ungelappten Tarsen (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) 350. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Steninen, pp. 1551-1634 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (2) on pages 1592-1593, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5355748
Suppression of free convection effects for spherical 1 kg mass prototype
Creators: name: Sachs, Sebastian
name: Fröhlich, Thomas
name: Schumacher, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the free convection processes in the vicinity of a spherical 1 kg mass standard by two- and three-dimensional direct numerical simulations using a spectral element method. Our focus is on the determination and suppression of updraft forces in a high-precision mass comparator which are caused by temperature differences between mass standard and its environment in the millikelvin range - a source of systematic uncertainties in the high-precison mass determination. A two-dimensional model is presented first, which obtains a good agreement with previous laboratory measurements for the smaller temperature differences up to 15 mK. The influence of different boundary conditions and side lengths of the square domain is discussed for the mass standard positioned in the center of the chamber. The complexity is increased subsequently in configurations with additional built-ins for counter heating in form of planar plates or hemispherical shells above the mass standard. The latter ones lead to a full compensation of the updraft force. Three-dimensional simulations in a closed cubic chamber confirm the two-dimensional findings and additionally reveal complex secondary flow pattern in the vicinity of the mass standard. The reduction of the heat transfer due to the built-ins is also demonstrated by a comparison of the Nusselt numbers as a function of the Rayleigh number in the chosen parameter range. Our simulations suggest that such additional constructive measures can enhance the precision of the mass determination by suppression of free convection and related systematic uncertainties.
description: 29 pages, 20 figures
STING at the nuclear envelope: novel partners contribute to innate immune responses
Creators: name: Dixon, Charles
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2021

description: The innate immune response (IIR) is the first line of defence against pathogen infection and relies on the recognition of pathogen associated molecules by host cell sensors. STING (STimulator of INterferon Genes) is the essential adaptor protein in IIRs triggered by the recognition of cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA, a potent signal of pathogen infection or host cell DNA damage. Most STING resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and propagates IIR signalling cascades upon binding the second messenger, cGAMP, produced by the upstream cytosolic DNA sensor, cGAS. However, STING was initially identified as a nuclear envelope transmembrane protein and yet the function of STING within the nuclear envelope has been relatively understudied. Therefore, in this study I sought to investigate STING localisation and functions within the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane system comprising inner and outer nuclear membranes and, in this thesis, I present work showing for the first time that STING is present in both the inner and outer membranes by immunogold electron microscopy. Moreover, live-cell microscopy of GFP-tagged STING reveals that it increases mobility and redistributes to the outer nuclear membrane upon IIR stimulation by transfected dsDNA or the dsRNA mimic poly(I:C). Previously, immunoprecipitation of STING from isolated nuclear envelopes coupled with mass spectrometry identified a nuclear envelope-STING proteome consisting of known nuclear membrane proteins and enriched in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins. Seventeen of these nuclear envelope STING partners are known to bind direct interactors of the immune transcription factors, IRF3/7, and so it was hypothesised that these proteins could contribute to IIR through STING at the nuclear envelope. Therefore, I interrogated a subset of these for a role in IIR, finding that STING partners SYNCRIP, MEN1, DDX5, SNRNP70, RPS27A, and AATF are novel modulators of dsDNA triggered IIR. Moreover, through siRNA-mediated knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing I found that SYNCRIP is a novel antagonist of the RNA virus, influenza A virus, potentially shedding light on reports of STING-mediated inhibition of RNA viruses. Thus, the work presented in this thesis expands our knowledge of STING’s role in IIR and adds to a growing literature which shows that STING’s functions are more extensive than its role in the cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway.
Azimuthal anisotropy and multiplicities of hard photons and free nucleons in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Wang, S. S.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Cao, X. G.
name: Fang, D. Q.
name: Ma, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic flow can offer significant information of evolution dynamics in heavy-ion collisions. A systematic study of the directed flow $v_1$ and elliptic flow $v_2$ of hard photons and free nucleons is performed for $^{40}$Ca+$^{40}$Ca collisions in a framework of isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model. The study firstly reveals that thermal photons emitted in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions have the behaviors of directed and elliptic flows. The interesting phenomena of incident energy dependence of $v_1$ and $v_2$ for thermal photons in central collisions also confirmed that it can be regarded as a good probe of evolution dynamics. Moreover, the multiplicities of hard photons and free nucleons and their correlation are also investigated. We find that direct photon emission is positively related to free nucleons emission, however, there exists an anti-correlation for thermal photons with free nucleons.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
DoLFIn: Distributions over Latent Features for Interpretability
Creators: name: Le, Phong
name: Zuidema, Willem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interpreting the inner workings of neural models is a key step in ensuring the robustness and trustworthiness of the models, but work on neural network interpretability typically faces a trade-off: either the models are too constrained to be very useful, or the solutions found by the models are too complex to interpret. We propose a novel strategy for achieving interpretability that -- in our experiments -- avoids this trade-off. Our approach builds on the success of using probability as the central quantity, such as for instance within the attention mechanism. In our architecture, DoLFIn (Distributions over Latent Features for Interpretability), we do no determine beforehand what each feature represents, and features go altogether into an unordered set. Each feature has an associated probability ranging from 0 to 1, weighing its importance for further processing. We show that, unlike attention and saliency map approaches, this set-up makes it straight-forward to compute the probability with which an input component supports the decision the neural model makes. To demonstrate the usefulness of the approach, we apply DoLFIn to text classification, and show that DoLFIn not only provides interpretable solutions, but even slightly outperforms the classical CNN and BiLSTM text classifiers on the SST2 and AG-news datasets.
Droplet Splashing on Rough Surfaces
Creators: name: de Goede, T. C.
name: de Bruin, K. G.
name: Shahidzadeh, N.
name: Bonn, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a droplet hits a surface fast enough, droplet splashing can occur: smaller secondary droplets detach from the main droplet during impact. While droplet splashing on smooth surfaces is by now well understood, the surface roughness also affects at which impact velocity a droplet splashes. In this study, the influence of the surface roughness on droplet splashing is investigated. By changing the root mean square roughness of the impacted surface, we show that the droplet splashing velocity is only affected when the droplet roughness is large enough to disrupt the spreading droplet lamella and change the droplet splashing mechanism from corona to prompt splashing. Finally, using Weber and Ohnesorge number scaling models, we also show that the measured splashing velocity for both water and ethanol on surfaces with different roughness and water-ethanol mixtures collapse onto a single curve, showing that the droplet splashing velocity on rough surfaces scales with the Ohnesorge number defined with the surface roughness length scale.