cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(400557) William Hillocks
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Two-state Markov-chain Poisson nature of individual cellphone call statistics
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhi-Qiang
name: Xie, Wen-Jie
name: Li, Ming-Xia
name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
name: Sornette, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Humans are heterogenous and the behaviors of individuals could be different from that at the population level. We conduct an in-depth study of the temporal patterns of cellphone conversation activities of 73'339 anonymous cellphone users with the same truncated Weibull distribution of inter-call durations. We find that the individual call events exhibit a pattern of bursts, in which high activity periods are alternated with low activity periods. Surprisingly, the number of events in high activity periods are found to conform to a power-law distribution at the population level, but follow an exponential distribution at the individual level, which is a hallmark of absence of memory in individual call activities. Such exponential distribution is also observed for the number of events in low activity periods. Together with the exponential distributions of inter-call durations within bursts and of the intervals between consecutive bursts, we demonstrate that the individual call activities are driven by two independent Poisson processes, which can be combined within a minimal model in terms of a two-state first-order Markov chain giving very good agreement with the empirical distributions using the parameters estimated from real data for about half of the individuals in our sample. By measuring directly the distributions of call rates across the population, which exhibit power-law tails, we explain the difference with previous population level studies, purporting the existence of power-law distributions, via the "Superposition of Distributions" mechanism: The superposition of many exponential distributions of activities with a power-law distribution of their characteristic scales leads to a power-law distribution of the activities at the population level.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Gene Expression Analysis of In Vitro Cocultures to Study Interactions between Breast Epithelium and Stroma
Creators: name: Casbas-Hernandez, Patricia
name: Troester, Melissa A.
name: Fleming, Jodie M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The interactions between breast epithelium and stroma are fundamental to normal tissue homeostasis and for tumor initiation and progression. Gene expression studies of in vitro coculture models demonstrate that in vitro models have relevance for tumor progression in vivo. For example, stromal gene expression has been shown to vary in association with tumor subtype in vivo, and analogous in vitro cocultures recapitulate subtype-specific biological interactions. Cocultures can be used to study cancer cell interactions with specific stromal components (e.g., immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelium) and different representative cell lines (e.g., cancer-associated versus normal-associated fibroblasts versus established, immortalized fibroblasts) can help elucidate the role of stromal variation in tumor phenotypes. Gene expression data can also be combined with cell-based assays to identify cellular phenotypes associated with gene expression changes. Coculture systems are manipulable systems that can yield important insights about cell-cell interactions and the cellular phenotypes that occur as tumor and stroma co-evolve.
Supplementary Figures 1, 2 and 3 from Naked chancelloriids from the lower Cambrian of China show evidence for sponge-type growth
Creators: name: Cong, Pei-Yun
name: HARVEY, Thomas H. P.
name: Williams, Mark
name: Siveter, David J.
name: Siveter, Derek J.
name: Gabbott, Sarah E.
name: Li, Yu-Jing
name: Wei, Fan
name: Xiang-Guang Hou
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Chancelloriids are an extinct group of spiny Cambrian animals of uncertain phylogenetic position. Despite their sponge-like body plan, their spines are unlike modern sponge spicules, but share several features with the sclerites of certain Cambrian bilaterians, notably halkieriids. However, a proposed homology of these ‘coelosclerites' implies complex transitions in body plan evolution. A new species of chancelloriid, Allonnia nuda, from the lower Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte is distinguished by its large size and sparse spination, with modified apical sclerites surrounding an opening into the body cavity. The sclerite arrangement in A. nuda and certain other chancelloriids indicates that growth involved sclerite addition in a subapical region, thus maintaining distinct zones of body sclerites and apical sclerites. This pattern is not seen in halkieriids, but occurs in some modern calcarean sponges. With scleritome assembly consistent with a sponge affinity, and in the absence of cnidarian- or bilaterian-grade features, it is possible to interpret chancelloriids as sponges with an unusually robust outer epithelium, strict developmental control of body axis formation, distinctive spicule-like structures and, by implication, minute ostia too small to be resolved in fossils. In this light, chancelloriids may contribute to the emerging picture of high disparity among early sponges.
(400558) James Hume
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary materials from Intercontinental karyotype–environment parallelism supports a role for a chromosomal inversion in local adaptation in a seaweed fly.
Creators: name: Mérot, Claire
name: Berdan, Emma L.
name: Babin, Charles
name: Normandeau, Eric
name: Wellenreuther, Maren
name: Bernatchez, Louis
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: (including all supplementary methods, figrues and tables)
On the Post-linear Quadrupole-Quadrupole Metric
Creators: name: Frutos-Alfaro, Francisco
name: Soffel, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hartle-Thorne metric defines a reliable spacetime for most astrophysical purposes, for instance for the simulation of slowly rotating stars. Solving the Einstein field equations, we added terms of second order in the quadrupole moment to its post-linear version in order to compare it with solutions found by Blanchet in the frame of the multi-polar post-Minkowskian framework. We first derived the extended Hartle-Thorne metric in harmonic coordinates and then showed agreement with the corresponding post-linear metric from Blanchet. We also found a coordinate transformation from the post-linear Erez-Rosen metric to our extended Hartle-Thorne spacetime. It is well known that the Hartle-Thorne solution can be smoothly matched with an interior perfect fluid solution with physically appropriate properties. A comparison among these solutions provides a validation of them. It is clear that in order to represent realistic solutions of self-gravitating (axially symmetric) matter distributions of perfect fluid, the quadrupole moment has to be included as a physical parameter.
Muscle dysmorphia and associated psychological features of males in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): a systematic review
Creators: name: Zare, Reza
name: Sandgren, Sebastian S.
name: Asli Devrim
name: Redha, Ali Ali
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Sports Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: A systematic review of the current cross-sectional survey-based studies focusing on muscle dysmorphia and associated psychological features of males in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).
(400554) George Hillocks
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Think Small: Zebrafish as a Model System of Human Pathology
Creators: name: Goldsmith, J. R.
name: Jobin, Christian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Although human pathologies have mostly been modeled using higher mammal systems such as mice, the lower vertebrate zebrafish has gained tremendous attention as a model system. The advantages of zebrafish over classical vertebrate models are multifactorial and include high genetic and organ system homology to humans, high fecundity, external fertilization, ease of genetic manipulation, and transparency through early adulthood that enables powerful imaging modalities. This paper focuses on four areas of human pathology that were developed and/or advanced significantly in zebrafish in the last decade. These areas are (1) wound healing/restitution, (2) gastrointestinal diseases, (3) microbe-host interactions, and (4) genetic diseases and drug screens. Important biological processes and pathologies explored include wound-healing responses, pancreatic cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and mycobacterium infection. The utility of zebrafish in screening for novel genes important in various pathologies such as polycystic kidney disease is also discussed.
Joint Edge-Model Sparse Learning is Provably Efficient for Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuai
name: Wang, Meng
name: Chen, Pin-Yu
name: Liu, Sijia
name: Lu, Songtao
name: Liu, Miao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Due to the significant computational challenge of training large-scale graph neural networks (GNNs), various sparse learning techniques have been exploited to reduce memory and storage costs. Examples include \textit{graph sparsification} that samples a subgraph to reduce the amount of data aggregation and \textit{model sparsification} that prunes the neural network to reduce the number of trainable weights. Despite the empirical successes in reducing the training cost while maintaining the test accuracy, the theoretical generalization analysis of sparse learning for GNNs remains elusive. To the best of our knowledge, this paper provides the first theoretical characterization of joint edge-model sparse learning from the perspective of sample complexity and convergence rate in achieving zero generalization error. It proves analytically that both sampling important nodes and pruning neurons with the lowest-magnitude can reduce the sample complexity and improve convergence without compromising the test accuracy. Although the analysis is centered on two-layer GNNs with structural constraints on data, the insights are applicable to more general setups and justified by both synthetic and practical citation datasets.
Adsorption of CIP onto CLI-based adsorbents
Creators: name: Kalebić, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ciprofloxacin, adsorption, clinoptilolite, magnetic nanoparticles, graphene oxide

description: The word document contains the investigated concentrations of selected organic micropollutant – antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) as well as the conditions of CIP adsorption onto clinoptilolite (CLI), magnetite-coated clinoptilolite (MAG-CLI) and graphene oxide-coated magnetic clinoptilolite (GO-MAG-CLI). The CIP water solutions were prepared by dissolving the certain amount of CIP powder in deionized water. CIP water solution was used in the batch adsorption experiments. The .opj files contains the data (t–qt) for CIP adsorption onto CLI, MAG-CLI and GO-MAG-CLI for different initial CIP concentrations (15-75 ppm) at different temperatures (10-20 ºC) and pH (5-9).
Biological Assessment of a Calcium Silicate Incorporated Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin Nanocomposite: A Comparison to Decellularized Bone Matrix
Creators: name: Hu, Wei-Shou
name: Padilla, Ricardo
name: Lee, Dong Joon
name: Ko, Ching-Chang
name: Zhang, He
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Our laboratory utilized biomimicry to develop a synthetic bone scaffold based on hydroxyapatite-gelatin-calcium silicate (HGCS). Here, we evaluated the potential of HGCS scaffold in bone formation in vivo using the rat calvarial critical-sized defect (CSD). Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to four groups: control (defect only), decellularized bone matrix (DECBM), and HGCS with and without multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). DECBM was prepared by removing all the cells using SDS and NH4OH. After 12 weeks, the CSD specimens were harvested to evaluate radiographical, histological, and histomorphometrical outcomes. The in vitro osteogenic effects of the materials were studied by focal adhesion, MTS, and alizarin red. Micro-CT analysis indicated that the DECBM and the HGCS scaffold groups developed greater radiopaque areas than the other groups. Bone regeneration, assessed using histological analysis and fluorochrome labeling, was the highest in the HGCS scaffold seeded with MAPCs. The DECBM group showed limited osteoinductivity, causing a gap between the implant and host tissue. The group grafted with HGCS
The Effect of Bicarbonate Administration via Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration on Acid-Base Parameters in Ventilated Patients
Creators: name: Charytan, David M.
name: Flythe, Jennifer E.
name: Allegretti, Andrew S.
name: Benda, Vinod
name: Robinson, Emily S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and metabolic acidosis are common in the intensive care unit. The effect of bicarbonate administration on acid-base parameters is unclear in those receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) and mechanical ventilatory support. Methods. Metabolic and ventilatory parameters were prospectively examined in 19 ventilated subjects for up to 96 hours following CVVH initiation for AKI at an academic tertiary care center. Mixed linear regression modeling was performed to measure changes in pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), serum bicarbonate, and base excess over time. Results. During the 96-hour study period, pCO2 levels remained stable overall (initial pCO2 42.0 ± 14.6 versus end-study pCO2 43.8 ± 16.1 mmHg; for interaction with time), for those with initial pCO2 ≤40 mmHg (31.3 ± 5.7 versus 35.0 ± 4.8; ) and for those with initial pCO2 >40 mmHg (52.7 ± 12.8 versus 53.4 ± 19.2; ). pCO2 decreased during the immediate hours following CVVH initiation (42.0 ± 14.6 versus 37.3 ± 12.6 mmHg), though this change was nonsignificant (). Conclusions. We did not detect a significant increase in pCO2 in response to the administration of bicarbonate via CVVH in a ventilated population. Additional studies of larger populations are needed to confirm this finding.
Making it work: a grounded theory study of undergraduate international students' educational journey in Canada
Creators: name: Fox, Sita
Publisher: name: University of Southern Queensland
Year: 2024
Subjects: international students
grounded theory
strategies
student agency
educational journey
higher education

description: With the increasing enrolment of undergraduate international students in Canadian universities, it has become essential to gain insights into their educational journey and the success strategies they employ to succeed. This study was designed to explore the ways in which undergraduate international students effectively manage their educational journey in Canada. The primary objectives were twofold: first, to identify the main concerns and strategies employed by international undergraduate students as they navigate their educational journey in Canada; and second, construct a substantive theory that explains how these students manage their educational journey. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to examine the experiences of undergraduate international students studying at a university in New Brunswick, Canada. Data collection occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, adding a unique context to some of their experiences. It was carried out through in-depth, semi-structured interviews involving 11 participants from diverse nationalities, spanning various stages of their educational journey, from first-year students to those in their final year. Constant comparative analysis facilitated the identification of emerging categories in the construction of a grounded theory. The central concern voiced by participants was the persistent drive to “make it work”. This entailed a proactive and resourceful approach to negotiating their journey, which involved navigating new educational environments, making connections, feeling supported, figuring it out and contributing to the success of their peers in making it work. International students demonstrate resilience, agency, and the ability to find solutions to obstacles. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of international undergraduate students’ experiences in Canada and their active roles in shaping their educational journey. By recognizing the proactive strategies they employ, stakeholders, including student support staff and the institutions, can develop targeted support services that facilitate those strategies and enhance the educational experiences of international students.
(400551) Jean [Jane] Cable
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary materials from Intercontinental karyotype-environment parallelism supports a role for a chromosomal inversion in local adaptation in a seaweed fly
Creators: name: Mérot, Claire
name: Berdan, Emma L.
name: Babin, Charles
name: Normandeau, Eric
name: Wellenreuther, Maren
name: Bernatchez, Louis
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: (including all supplementary methods, figrues and tables)
Thermophysical properties of FLiBe using moment tensor potentials
Creators: name: Attarian, Siamak
name: Morgan, Dane
name: Szlufarska, Izabela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluoride salts are prospective materials for applications in some next generation nuclear reactors and their thermophysical properties at various conditions are of interest. Experimental measurement of the properties of these salts is often difficult and, in some cases, unfeasible due to challenges from high temperatures, impurity control, and corrosivity. Therefore, accurate theoretical methods are needed for fluoride salt property prediction. In this work, we used moment tensor potentials (MTP) to approximate the potential energy surface of eutectic FLiBe (0.66 LiF 0.33 BeF2) predicted by the ab initio (DFT D3) method. We then used the developed potential and molecular dynamics to obtain several thermophysical properties of FLiBe, including radial distribution functions, density, self-diffusion coefficients, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, bulk modulus, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. Our results show that the MTP potential approximates the potential energy surface accurately and the overall approach yields very good agreement with experimental values. The converged fitting can be obtained with less than 600 configurations generated from DFT calculations, which data can be generated in just 1200 core hours on today's typical processors. The MTP potential is faster than many machine learning potentials and about one order of magnitude slower than widely used empirical molten salt potentials such as Tosi Fumi.
description: 46 Pages, 21 Figures
A Generalization of Zeckendorf's Theorem via Circumscribed $m$-gons
Creators: name: Dorward, Robert
name: Ford, Pari L.
name: Fourakis, Eva
name: Harris, Pamela E.
name: Miller, Steven J.
name: Palsson, Eyvindur A.
name: Paugh, Hannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B39, 11B05 (primary), 65Q30, 60B10 (secondary)

description: Zeckendorf's theorem states that every positive integer can be uniquely decomposed as a sum of nonconsecutive Fibonacci numbers, where the Fibonacci numbers satisfy $F_n=F_{n-1}+F_{n-2}$ for $n\geq 3$, $F_1=1$ and $F_2=2$. The distribution of the number of summands in such decomposition converges to a Gaussian, the gaps between summands converges to geometric decay, and the distribution of the longest gap is similar to that of the longest run of heads in a biased coin; these results also hold more generally, though for technical reasons previous work needed to assume the coefficients in the recurrence relation are non-negative and the first term is positive. We extend these results by creating an infinite family of integer sequences called the $m$-gonal sequences arising from a geometric construction using circumscribed $m$-gons. They satisfy a recurrence where the first $m+1$ leading terms vanish, and thus cannot be handled by existing techniques. We provide a notion of a legal decomposition, and prove that the decompositions exist and are unique. We then examine the distribution of the number of summands used in the decompositions and prove that it displays Gaussian behavior. There is geometric decay in the distribution of gaps, both for gaps taken from all integers in an interval and almost surely in distribution for the individual gap measures associated to each integer in the interval. We end by proving that the distribution of the longest gap between summands is strongly concentrated about its mean, behaving similarly as in the longest run of heads in tosses of a coin.
description: Version 1.1, 22 pages
(400552) Jessie Hillocks
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(400553) Alexander Hillocks
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Do Gender Differences Exist in the Academic Identification of African American Elementary School-Aged Children?
Creators: name: Campbell, Frances A.
name: Frierson, Henry T.
name: McMillian, M. Monique
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The disidentification hypothesis predicts that African-American boys achieve less in school than African-American girls do because boys have less personal investment in doing well academically (i.e., they are disidentified). When do such gender differences emerge? Using self-perception and achievement data from longitudinal studies of children (N = 113) at high-risk for academic problems because they come from low-income families, the authors examined whether elementary school-aged and early adolescent African-American boys are more prone to low achievement and disidentification than African-American girls. Multiple regression analyses indicated no gender differences in reading or mathematics achievement between boys and girls at age 8 or at age 12. At 12, African-American boys’ self-esteem was predicted by academic performance in ways similar to that of African-American girls. Thus, no gender differences emerged in elementary school achievement and no gender-specific disengagement patterns were confirmed among at-risk African-American students.
Symmetry of the Fermi surface and evolution of the electronic structure across the paramagnetic-helimagnetic transition in MnSi/Si(111)
Creators: name: Nicolaou, Alessandro
name: Gatti, Matteo
name: Magnano, Elena
name: Fèvre, Patrick Le
name: Bondino, Federica
name: Bertran, François
name: Tejeda, Antonio
name: Sauvage-Simkin, Michèle
name: Vlad, Alina
name: Garreau, Yves
name: Coati, Alessandro
name: Guérin, Nicolas
name: Parmigiani, Fulvio
name: Taleb-Ibrahimi, Amina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MnSi has been extensively studied for five decades, nonetheless detailed information on the Fermi surface (FS) symmetry is still lacking. This missed information prevented from a comprehensive understanding the nature of the magnetic interaction in this material. Here, by performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on high-quality MnSi films epitaxially grown on Si(111), we unveil the FS symmetry and the evolution of the electronic structure across the paramagnetic-helimagnetic transition at T$_C$ $\sim$ 40 K, along with the appearance of sharp quasiparticle emission below T$_C$. The shape of the resulting FS is found to fulfill robust nesting effects. These effects can be at the origin of strong magnetic fluctuations not accounted for by state-of-art quasiparticle self-consistent GW approximation. From this perspective, the unforeseen quasiparticle damping detected in the paramagnetic phase and relaxing only below T$_C$, along with the persistence of the d-bands splitting well above T$_C$, at odds with a simple Stoner model for itinerant magnetism, open the search for exotic magnetic interactions favored by FS nesting and affecting the quasiparticles lifetime.
IGFBP-2 Directly Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation: IGFBP-2 DIRECTLY STIMULATES OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION
Creators: name: Rosen, Clifford J
name: Xi, Gang
name: Clemmons, David R
name: Wai, Christine
name: DeMambro, Victoria
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Insulin like growth factor binding protein two (IGFBP-2) is important for acquisition of normal bone mass in mice; however, the mechanism by which IGFBP-2 functions is not defined. These studies investigated the role of IGFBP-2 in stimulating osteoblast differentiation. MC-3T3 preosteoblasts expressed IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-2 knockdown resulted in a substantial delay in osteoblast differentiation, reduced osteocalcin expression and Alizarin red staining. These findings were replicated in primary calvarial osteoblasts obtained from IGFBP-2 −/− mice and addition of IGFBP-2 rescued the differentiation program. In contrast, overexpression of IGFBP-2 accelerated the time course of differentiation as well as increasing the total number of differentiating cells. By day 6 IGFBP-2 overexpressing cells expressed twice as much osteocalcin as control cultures and this difference persisted. To determine the mechanism by which IGFBP-2 functions, the interaction between IGFBP-2 and receptor tyrosine phosphatase β (RPTPβ) was examined. Disruption of this interaction inhibited the ability of IGFBP-2 to stimulate AKT activation and osteoblast differentiation. Knockdown of RPTPβ enhanced osteoblast differentiation whereas overexpression of RPTPβ was inhibitory. Adding back IGFBP-2 to RPTPβ overexpressing cells was able to rescue cell differentiation via enhancement of AKT activation. To determine the region of IGFBP-2 that mediated this effect an IGFBP-2 mutant that contained substitutions of key amino acids in the heparin binding domain-1 (HBD-1) was prepared. This mutant had a major reduction in its ability to stimulate differentiation of calvarial osteoblasts from IGFBP-2 −/− mice. Addition of a synthetic peptide that contained the HBD-1 sequence to calvarial osteoblasts from IGFBP-2 −/− mice rescued differentiation and osteocalcin expression. In summary, the results clearly demonstrate that IGFBP-2 stimulates osteoblast differentiation and that this effect is mediated through its heparin binding domain-1 interacting with RPTPβ. The results suggest that stimulation of differentiation is an important mechanism by which IGFBP-2 regulates the acquisition of normal bone mass in mice.
Fusion of Radio and Camera Sensor Data for Accurate Indoor Positioning
Creators: name: Papaioannou, Savvas
name: Wen, Hongkai
name: Markham, Andrew
name: Trigoni, Niki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Indoor positioning systems have received a lot of attention recently due to their importance for many location-based services, e.g. indoor navigation and smart buildings. Lightweight solutions based on WiFi and inertial sensing have gained popularity, but are not fit for demanding applications, such as expert museum guides and industrial settings, which typically require sub-meter location information. In this paper, we propose a novel positioning system, RAVEL (Radio And Vision Enhanced Localization), which fuses anonymous visual detections captured by widely available camera infrastructure, with radio readings (e.g. WiFi radio data). Although visual trackers can provide excellent positioning accuracy, they are plagued by issues such as occlusions and people entering/exiting the scene, preventing their use as a robust tracking solution. By incorporating radio measurements, visually ambiguous or missing data can be resolved through multi-hypothesis tracking. We evaluate our system in a complex museum environment with dim lighting and multiple people moving around in a space cluttered with exhibit stands. Our experiments show that although the WiFi measurements are not by themselves sufficiently accurate, when they are fused with camera data, they become a catalyst for pulling together ambiguous, fragmented, and anonymous visual tracklets into accurate and continuous paths, yielding typical errors below 1 meter.
Single-Limb Irradiation Induces Local and Systemic Bone Loss in a Murine Model
Creators: name: John, Sutha K
name: Guise, Theresa A
name: Wright, Laura E
name: Mendonca, Marc S
name: Bateman, Ted A
name: Scheidler, Anne M
name: Chin-Sinex, Helen J
name: Coats, Laura E
name: Murthy, Sreemala
name: Ma, Ning
name: Bellido, Teresita M
name: Mohammad, Khalid S
name: Buijs, Jeroen T
name: Kim, Hun-Soo
name: She, Yun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Increased fracture risk is commonly reported in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, particularly at sites within the field of treatment. The direct and systemic effects of ionizing radiation on bone at a therapeutic dose are not well-characterized in clinically relevant animal models. Using 20-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice, effects of irradiation (right hindlimb; 2 Gy) on bone volume and microarchitecture were evaluated prospectively by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry and compared to contralateral-shielded bone (left hindlimb) and non-irradiated control bone. One week postirradiation, trabecular bone volume declined in irradiated tibias (-22%; p < 0.0001) and femurs (-14%; p = 0.0586) and microarchitectural parameters were compromised. Trabecular bone volume declined in contralateral tibias (-17%; p = 0.003), and no loss was detected at the femur. Osteoclast number, apoptotic osteocyte number, and marrow adiposity were increased in irradiated bone relative to contralateral and non-irradiated bone, whereas osteoblast number was unchanged. Despite no change in osteoblast number 1 week postirradiation, dynamic bone formation indices revealed a reduction in mineralized bone surface and a concomitant increase in unmineralized osteoid surface area in irradiated bone relative to contralateral and non-irradiated control bone. Further, dose-dependent and time-dependent calvarial culture and in vitro assays confirmed that calvarial osteoblasts and osteoblast-like MC3T3 cells were relatively radioresistant, whereas calvarial osteocyte and osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cell apoptosis was induced as early as 48 hours postirradiation (4 Gy). In osteoclastogenesis assays, radiation exposure (8 Gy) stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell differentiation, and coculture of irradiated RAW264.7 cells with MLO-Y4 or murine bone marrow cells enhanced this effect. These studies highlight the multifaceted nature of radiation-induced bone loss by demonstrating direct and systemic effects on bone and its many cell types using clinically relevant doses; they have important implications for bone health in patients treated with radiation therapy.
Nonlinear stochastic receding horizon control: stability, robustness and Monte Carlo methods for control approximation
Creators: name: Bertoli, Francesco
name: Bishop, Adrian N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work considers the stability of nonlinear stochastic receding horizon control when the optimal controller is only computed approximately. A number of general classes of controller approximation error are analysed including deterministic and probabilistic errors and even controller sample and hold errors. In each case, it is shown that the controller approximation errors do not accumulate (even over an infinite time frame) and the process converges exponentially fast to a small neighbourhood of the origin. In addition to this analysis, an approximation method for receding horizon optimal control is proposed based on Monte Carlo simulation. This method is derived via the Feynman-Kac formula which gives a stochastic interpretation for the solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation associated with the true optimal controller. It is shown, and it is a prime motivation for this study, that this particular controller approximation method practically stabilises the underlying nonlinear process.
The Association between Dairy Intake and Breast Cancer in Western and Asian Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Du, Sufa
name: Zang, Jiajie
name: Shen, Meihua
name: Chen, Tianwen
name: Zou, Shurong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: PurposeTo date, studies investigating the association between dairy consumption and breast cancer in women have produced conflicting results. As diet is an important, modifiable factor affecting cancer development, the aim of this study was to examine the association between dairy consumption and breast cancer risk.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched with a priority for prospective cohort studies. Case-control studies were also considered in case of the absence of a cohort study.ResultsWe analyzed 22 prospective cohort studies (1,566,940 participants) and five case-control studies (33,372 participants). High and modest dairy consumption (>600 and 400-600 g/day, respectively) significantly reduced the risk of breast cancer compared with low dairy consumption (<400 g/day; risk ratio [RR], 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.98, and RR, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.91-0.98, respectively). A significant linear relationship between dairy consumption and breast cancer risk was found on dose-response analysis. Subgroup analysis found that yogurt (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) and low-fat dairy (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.96) reduced the risk of breast cancer, while other dairy product types did not. A reduced risk was observed for people in the United States (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) and in those followed for ≥10 years (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99). Additionally, the highest level of dairy consumption among Asians was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.88).ConclusionDairy consumption was inversely associated with the risk of developing breast cancer and this effect was dependent on the dose, dairy-type, and time.
No Effect of Steady Rotation on Solid $^4$He in a Torsional Oscillator
Creators: name: Fear, M. J.
name: Walmsley, P. M.
name: Zmeev, D. E.
name: Mäkinen, J. T.
name: Golov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the response of a torsional oscillator containing polycrystalline hcp solid $^{4}$He to applied steady rotation in an attempt to verify the observations of several other groups that were initially interpreted as evidence for macroscopic quantum effects. The geometry of the cell was that of a simple annulus, with a fill line of relatively narrow diameter in the centre of the torsion rod. Varying the angular velocity of rotation up to 2\,rad\,s$^{-1}$ showed that there were no step-like features in the resonant frequency or dissipation of the oscillator and no history dependence, even though we achieved the sensitivity required to detect the various effects seen in earlier experiments on other rotating cryostats. All small changes during rotation were consistent with those occurring with an empty cell. We thus observed no effects on the samples of solid $^4$He attributable to steady rotation.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted in J. Low Temp. Phys
Metabolic derangements in the gastrocnemius and the effect of Compound A therapy in a murine model of cancer cachexia
Creators: name: Der-Torossian, Hirak
name: Shadfar, Scott
name: Willis, Monte S.
name: Wysong, Ashley
name: Couch, Marion E.
name: McDunn, Jonathan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: BackgroundCancer cachexia is a severe wasting syndrome characterized by the progressive loss of lean body mass and systemic inflammation. Inhibiting the signaling of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) largely prevents cancer-induced muscle wasting in murine models. We have previously shown the utility of Compound A, a highly selective novel NF-κB inhibitor that targets the IκB kinase complex, to provide clinical benefit in cancer-induced skeletal muscle and cardiac atrophy.MethodsUsing a metabolomics approach, we describe the changes found between cachectic and noncachectic gastrocnemius muscles before and after Compound A treatment at various doses.ResultsOf the 234 metabolites in the gastrocnemius, cachexia-induced changes in gastrocnemius metabolism reset the steady-state abundances of 42 metabolites (p < 0.05). These changes, not evenly distributed across biochemical categories, are concentrated in amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates and energetics intermediates, and lipids. The gastrocnemius glycolytic pathway is markedly altered—changes consistent with tumor Warburg physiology. This is the first account of a Warburg effect that is not exclusively restricted to cancer cells or rapidly proliferating nonmalignant cells. Cachectic gastrocnemius also displays tricarboxylic acid cycle disruptions, signs of oxidative stress, and impaired redox homeostasis. Compound A only partially rescues the phenotype of the cachectic gastrocnemius, failing to restore the gastrocnemius’ baseline metabolic profile.ConclusionsThe findings in the present manuscript enumerate the metabolic consequences of cachexia in the gastrocnemius and demonstrate that NF-kB targeted treatment only partly rescues the cachectic metabolic phenotype. These data strengthen the previous findings from metabolomic characterization of serum in cachectic animals, suggesting that many of the metabolic alterations observed in the blood originate in the diseased muscle. These findings provide significant insight into the complex pathophysiology of cancer cachexia and provide objective criteria for evaluating future therapeutics.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13539-012-0101-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
(400549) James [snr] Hillocks
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: CERN Yellow Reports: School Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2021): Proceedings of the 2019 European School of High-Energy Physics St Petersburg, Russia, 4–17 September 2019
title: Proceedings of the 2019 European School of High-Energy Physics St Petersburg, Russia, 4–17 September 2019
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: CERN Yellow Reports: School Proceedings
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: School Proceedings
Year: 2022

description: Editors: C. Duhr and M. Mulders The European School of High-Energy Physics is intended to give young physicists an introduction to the theoretical aspects of recent advances in elementary particle physics. These proceedings contain lecture notes on quantum field theory and the electroweak standard model, flavour physics and CP violation, neutrino physics, cosmology and dark matter, practical statistics for particle physics and LHC Run-2 highlights and future prospects.
Educational Barriers of Rural Youth: Relation of Individual and Contextual Difference Variables
Creators: name: Irvin, Matthew J.
name: Hutchins, Bryan C.
name: Farmer, Thomas W.
name: Byun, Soo-yong
name: Meece, Judith L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of several individual and contextual difference factors to the perceived educational barriers of rural youth. Data were from a broader national investigation of students’ postsecondary aspirations and preparation in rural high schools across the United States. The sample involved more than 7,000 rural youth in 73 high schools across 34 states. Results indicated that some individual (e.g., African American race/ethnicity) and contextual (e.g., parent education) difference factors were predictive while others were not. Extensions to, similarities, and variations with previous research are discussed. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Como construir "Construyendo la Tabla Periódica". How to Build "Building the Periodic Table"
Creators: name: Calvo Rebollar, Miguel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: In 2019, the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Periodic Table of chemical elements by Dmitri Mendeleev was celebrated. To commemorate this, various events were organized around the world, and the Natural Science Museum of the University of Zaragoza prepared an exhibition, "Building the Periodic Table." The success of an exhibition of this type depends on its ability to appeal to a wide audience, from children to professors of the Faculty of Sciences. The exhibition included an interactive Periodic Table, a timeline displaying the discovery of elements from Prehistory to the synthesis of the most recent elements added to the table, and various examples of periodic tables from old publications. Most of the space was dedicated to representing the different elements. The ideal representation, though not always possible, was considered to be an important mineral that contained the element, a portrait of its discoverer, the original publication in which it was described, and the element itself, preferably presented as a striking and unusual object.