cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
HypoSVI: Hypocenter inversion with Stein variational inference and Physics Informed Neural Networks
Creators: name: Smith, Jonathan D.
name: Ross, Zachary E.
name: Azizzadenesheli, Kamyar
name: Muir, Jack B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a scheme for probabilistic hypocenter inversion with Stein variational inference. Our approach uses a differentiable forward model in the form of a physics informed neural network, which we train to solve the Eikonal equation. This allows for rapid approximation of the posterior by iteratively optimizing a collection of particles against a kernelized Stein discrepancy. We show that the method is well-equipped to handle highly multimodal posterior distributions, which are common in hypocentral inverse problems. A suite of experiments is performed to examine the influence of the various hyperparameters. Once trained, the method is valid for any seismic network geometry within the study area without the need to build travel time tables. We show that the computational demands scale efficiently with the number of differential times, making it ideal for large-N sensing technologies like Distributed Acoustic Sensing. The techniques outlined in this manuscript have considerable implications beyond just ray-tracing procedures, with the work flow applicable to other fields with computationally expensive inversion procedures such as full waveform inversion.
description: Updating to accepted version of the paper
Double Soft Theorem for Perturbative Gravity
Creators: name: Saha, Arnab Priya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following up on the recent work of Cachazo, He and Yuan \cite{arXiv:1503.04816 [hep-th]}, we derive the double soft graviton theorem in perturbative gravity. We show that the double soft theorem derived using CHY formula precisely matches with the perturbative computation involving Feynman diagrams. In particular, we find how certain delicate limits of Feynman diagrams play an important role in obtaining this equivalence.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, references added, matches published version
Non-Bayesian Parametric Missing-Mass Estimation
Creators: name: Cohen, Shir
name: Routtenberg, Tirza
name: Tong, Lang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the classical problem of missing-mass estimation, which deals with estimating the total probability of unseen elements in a sample. The missing-mass estimation problem has various applications in machine learning, statistics, language processing, ecology, sensor networks, and others. The naive, constrained maximum likelihood (CML) estimator is inappropriate for this problem since it tends to overestimate the probability of the observed elements. Similarly, the conventional constrained Cramer-Rao bound (CCRB), which is a lower bound on the mean-squared-error (MSE) of unbiased estimators, does not provide a relevant bound on the performance for this problem. In this paper, we introduce a frequentist, non-Bayesian parametric model of the problem of missing-mass estimation. We introduce the concept of missing-mass unbiasedness by using the Lehmann unbiasedness definition. We derive a non-Bayesian CCRB-type lower bound on the missing-mass MSE (mmMSE), named the missing-mass CCRB (mmCCRB), based on the missing-mass unbiasedness. The missing-mass unbiasedness and the proposed mmCCRB can be used to evaluate the performance of existing estimators. Based on the new mmCCRB, we propose a new method to improve existing estimators by an iterative missing-mass Fisher scoring method. Finally, we demonstrate via numerical simulations that the proposed mmCCRB is a valid and informative lower bound on the mmMSE of state-of-the-art estimators for this problem: the CML, the Good-Turing, and Laplace estimators. We also show that the performance of the Laplace estimator is improved by using the new Fisher-scoring method.
The Betelgeuse Project: Constraints from Rotation
Creators: name: Wheeler, J. Craig
name: Nance, S.
name: Diaz, M.
name: Smith, S. G.
name: Hickey, J.
name: Zhou, L.
name: Koutoulaki, M.
name: Sullivan, J. M.
name: Fowler, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to constrain the evolutionary state of the red supergiant Betelgeuse, we have produced a suite of models with ZAMS masses from 15 to 25 Msun in intervals of 1 Msun including the effects of rotation. The models were computed with the stellar evolutionary code MESA. For non-rotating models we find results that are similar to other work. It is somewhat difficult to find models that agree within 1 sigma of the observed values of R, Teff and L, but modestly easy within 3 sigma uncertainty. Incorporating the nominal observed rotational velocity, ~15 km/s, yields significantly different, and challenging, constraints. This velocity constraint is only matched when the models first approach the base of the red supergiant branch (RSB), having crossed the Hertzsprung gap, but not yet having ascended the RSB and most violate even generous error bars on R, Teff and L. Models at the tip of the RSB typically rotate at only ~0.1 km/s, independent of any reasonable choice of initial rotation. We discuss the possible uncertainties in our modeling and the observations, including the distance to Betelgeuse, the rotation velocity, and model parameters. We summarize various options to account for the rotational velocity and suggest that one possibility is that Betelgeuse merged with a companion star of about 1 Msun as it ascended the RSB, in the process producing the ring structure observed at about 7' away. A past coalescence would complicate attempts to understand the evolutionary history and future of Betelgeuse.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Complex saddles in the Gross-Witten-Wadia matrix model
Creators: name: Álvarez, Gabriel
name: Alonso, Luis Martínez
name: Medina, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an exhaustive characterization of the complex saddle point configurations of the Gross-Witten-Wadia matrix model in the large-N limit. In particular, we characterize the cases in which the saddles accumulate in one, two, or three arcs, in terms of the values of the coupling constant and of the fraction of the total unit density that is supported in one of the arcs, and derive an explicit condition for gap closing associated to nonvacuum saddles. By applying the idea of large-N instanton we also give direct analytic derivations of the weak-coupling and strong-coupling instanton actions.
Precise functionalization of NPs towards chiral NP dimers
Creators: name: Klös, Gunnar
name: L. Cortajarena, Aitziber
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: nanoparticles
plasmonics
chiral

description: In the ChiroSense project we are developing a new chiroptical biosensor based on a dimer of gold and silicon nanoparticles (NPs), utilizing plasmonically enhanced circular dichroism (CD) measurements to probe molecule conformation in solution with increased sensitivity [1]. The development will strongly be guided by the use of consensus tetratricopeptide repeat (CTPR) proteins as a highly modular and well-defined structural probe, while simultaneously being employed as structural linker of the nano-particle dimer [2]. To deconvolute the structural and molecular components of the CD signal, the dimer will also be formed using single stranded DNA (ssDNA), which is also modular but lacks the distinct CD signal of CTPR [3]. Precisely controlling the loading ratio of molecules per NP is crucial for both approaches to achieve stable NPs that do not aggregate but are still able to form dimers. Here we present our initial results on the development of these chiral NP dimers. To achieve functionalized NPs that enable dimer formation, it is important to achieve low loading ratios, to avoid aggregation, while maintaining the NP stability in solution. We developed a PEG based approach that allows us to precisely control the NP loading ratio, ranging from a few to several hundred molecules per NP. These particles were then used to synthesize chiral NP dimers with high yields.
Accreted or Not Accreted? The Fraction of Accreted Mass in Galaxies from Simulations and Observations
Creators: name: Remus, Rhea-Silvia
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the two-phase scenario of galaxy formation, a galaxy's stellar mass growth is first dominated by in-situ star formation, and subsequently by accretion. We analyse the radial distribution of the accreted stellar mass in ~500 galaxies from the hydrodynamical cosmological simulation Magneticum. Generally, we find good agreement with other simulations in that higher mass galaxies have larger accreted fractions, but we predict higher accretion fractions for low-mass galaxies. Based on the radial distribution of the accreted and in-situ components, we define 6 galaxy classes, from completely accretion dominated to completely in-situ dominated, and measure the transition radii between in-situ and accretion-dominated regions for galaxies that have such a transition. About 70% of our galaxies have one transition radius. However, we also find about 10% of the galaxies to be accretion dominated everywhere, and about 13% to have two transition radii, with the centre and the outskirts both being accretion dominated. We show that these classes are strongly correlated with the galaxy merger histories, especially with the mergers' cold gas fractions. We find high total in-situ (low accretion) fractions to be associated with smaller, lower mass galaxies, lower central dark matter fractions, and larger transition radii. Finally, we show that the dips in observed surface brightness profiles seen in many early-type galaxies do not correspond to the transition from in-situ to accretion-dominated regions, and any inferred mass fractions are not indicative of the true accreted mass. Instead, these dips contain information about the galaxies' dry minor merger assembly history.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to MNRAS. Comments are welcome
Zero-line modes at stacking faulted domain walls in multilayer graphene
Creators: name: Lee, Changhee
name: Kim, Gunn
name: Jung, Jeil
name: Min, Hongki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rhombohedral multilayer graphene is a physical realization of the chiral two-dimensional electron gas that can host zero-line modes (ZLMs), also known as kink states, when the local ap opened by inversion symmetry breaking potential changes sign in real space. Here we study how the variations in the local stacking coordination of multilayer graphene affects the formation of the ZLMs. Our analysis indicates that the valley Hall effect develops whenever an interlayer potential difference is able to open up a band gap in stacking faulted multilayer graphene, and that ZLMs can appear at the domain walls separating two distinct regions with imperfect rhombohedral stacking configurations. Based on a tight-binding formulation with distant hopping terms between carbon atoms, we first show that topologically distinct domains characterized by the valley Chern number are separated by a metallic region connecting AA and AA$'$ stacking line in the layer translation vector space. We find that gapless states appear at the interface between the two stacking faulted domains with different layer translation or with opposite perpendicular electric field if their valley Chern numbers are different.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
title: Streuverfahren an nanostrukturierten Oberflächen
Creators: name: Scholze, Frank
name: Haase, Anton
name: Krumrey, Michael
name: Soltwisch, Victor
name: Wernecke, Jan
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung
subject: GISAXS
subject: EUV-Scatterometrie
subject: nanostrukturierte Oberflächen
subject: EUVL-Photomasken

description: PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 124 (2014), Heft 4, Seite 8 - 12. ISSN 0030-834X
Feasibility study towards comparison of the g2(0) measurement in the visible range
Creators: name: Brida, Giorgio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: single photon source, g2(0) correlation function,

description: Presentation given at 24th meeting of the Consultative Commitee for Photometry and Radiometry, Paris September 20,2019, session on recent advances in photometry and radiometryresearch activity. This work reports on the pilot study, performed by INRIM, NPL and PTB, on the measurement of the parameter in the visible spectral range of a test single-photon source based on a colour centre in diamond. The development of single-photon sources is of high interest to the metrology community as well as the burgeoning quantum technologies industry. Measurement of the parameter plays a vital role in characterising and understanding single-photon emission. This comparison has been conducted by each partner individually using their own equipment at INRIM laboratories, which were responsible for the operation of the source. paper published in Metrologia 56(1) 015016 (2019)
Arbitrary Multi-Qubit Generation
Creators: name: Shahandeh, Farid
name: Lund, Austin P.
name: Ralph, Timothy C.
name: Vanner, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and analyse a scheme for single-rail-encoded arbitrary multi-qubit quantum-state generation to provide a versatile tool for quantum optics and quantum information applications. Our scheme can be realized, for small numbers of qubits, with current technologies using single photon inputs, passive linear optics, and heralding measurements. The particular examples of two- and three-qubit cluster states are studied in detail. We show that such states can be prepared with a high probability of success. Our analysis quantifies the effects of experimentally relevant imperfections and inefficiencies. The general case of arbitrary N-qubit preparation is discussed and some interesting connections to the boson sampling problem are given.
Conformational heterogeneity of molecules physisorbed on a gold surface at room temperature
Creators: name: Kang, Mingu
name: Kim, Hyunwoo
name: Oleiki, Elham
name: Koo, Yeonjeong
name: Lee, Hyeongwoo
name: Joo, Huitae
name: Choi, Jinseong
name: Eom, Taeyong
name: Lee, Geunsik
name: Suh, Yung Doug
name: Park, Kyoung-Duck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantitative single-molecule tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) study at room temperature remained a challenge due to the rapid structural dynamics of molecules exposed to air. Here, we demonstrate the hyperspectral TERS imaging of single or a few brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) molecules at room temperature, along with quantitative spectral analyses. Robust chemical imaging is enabled by the freeze-frame approach using a thin Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ capping layer, which suppresses spectral diffusions and inhibits chemical reactions and contaminations in air. For the molecules resolved spatially in the TERS image, a clear Raman peak variation up to 7.5 cm$^{-1}$ is observed, which cannot be found in molecular ensembles. From density functional theory-based quantitative analyses of the varied TERS peaks, we reveal the conformational heterogeneity at the single-molecule level. This work provides a facile way to investigate the single-molecule properties in interacting media, expanding the scope of single-molecule vibrational spectroscopy studies.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Relaxation decoupling in metallic glassy state
Creators: name: Luo, P.
name: Wen, P.
name: Bai, H. Y.
name: Ruta, B.
name: Wang, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upon cooling, glass-forming liquids experience a two-step relaxation associated to the cage rattling and the escape from the cage, and the following decoupling between the \b{eta}- and the α-relaxations. The found decoupling behaviors have greatly changed the face of glassy physics and materials studies. Here we report a novel dynamic decoupling that the relaxation function changes gradually from a single-step to a two-step form as temperature declines through the stress relaxation of various metallic glasses in a broad time and temperature range below glass transition temperature (Tg). Such a two-step relaxation is unexpected in glassy state and reveals a decoupling of dynamic modes arising from two different mechanisms: a faster one exhibiting ballistic-like feature, and a slower one associated with a broader distribution of relaxation times typical of subdiffusive atomic motion. This first observation of two-step dynamics in metallic glassy state points to a far richer-than-expected scenario for glass relaxation.
description: 20 pages (18 pages for the main text and 2 pages for the supplementary information), 7 figures (4 figures in the main text and 3 figures in the supplementary information)
Efficient adaptive step size control for exponential integrators
Creators: name: Deka, Pranab Jyoti
name: Einkemmer, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditional step size controllers make the tacit assumption that the cost of a time step is independent of the step size. This is reasonable for explicit and implicit integrators that use direct solvers. In the context of exponential integrators, however, an iterative approach, such as Krylov methods or polynomial interpolation, to compute the action of the required matrix functions is usually employed. In this case, the assumption of constant cost is not valid. This is, in particular, a problem for higher-order exponential integrators, which are able to take relatively large time steps based on accuracy considerations. In this paper, we consider an adaptive step size controller for exponential Rosenbrock methods that determines the step size based on the premise of minimizing computational cost. The largest allowed step size, given by accuracy considerations, merely acts as a constraint. We test this approach on a range of nonlinear partial differential equations. Our results show significant improvements (up to a factor of 4 reduction in the computational cost) over the traditional step size controller for a wide range of tolerances.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, matches with the published version
title: Größenbestimmung von Nanopartikeln mit Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung
Creators: name: Krumrey, Michael
name: Garcia-Diez, Raul
name: Gollwitzer, Christian
name: Langner, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung
subject: SAXS
subject: Nanopartikel
subject: dimensionelle Nanometrologie

description: PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 124 (2014), Heft 4, Seite 13 - 16. ISSN 0030-834X
Additional file 1 of Neuromuscular organization of the benthic ctenophore, Vallicula multiformis
Creators: name: Mohri, Kurato
name: Watanabe, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Amino acid sequences of amidated short peptides isolated from B. mikado and identical peptides from V. multiformis.
On the derivation of the Kompaneets equation
Creators: name: Oliveira, Guilherme Eduardo Freire
name: Maes, Christian
name: Meerts, Kasper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relaxation of a photon bath to thermal equilibrium via Compton scattering with electrons is described in the Kompaneets equation (1956). The equation is mostly known from studies of astrophysical plasmas, for its convergence to the Planck distribution and for possible corrections to that Planck law in the cosmic microwave background, most notably from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We revisit its derivation emphasizing its structure as a Kramers-Moyal diffusion approximation to the quantum Boltzmann equation or Master equation with stimulated emission. We do not assume that the Planck law is stationary in performing the continuum approximation but we emphasize the necessity of the flux or Møller factor to arrive at a continuity equation. On the other hand, the structure allows more general assumptions than originally envisioned by Kompaneets.
Floquet quadrupole photonic crystals protected by space-time symmetry
Creators: name: Jin, Jicheng
name: He, Li
name: Lu, Jian
name: Mele, Eugene J.
name: Zhen, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-order topological phases, such as those with nontrivial quadrupole moments, protect edge states that are themselves topological insulators in lower dimensions. So far, most quadrupole phases of light are explored in linear optical systems, which are protected by spatial symmetries or synthetic symmetries. Here we present Floquet quadrupole phases in driven nonlinear photonic crystals (PhCs) that are protected by space-time screw symmetries. We start by illustrating space-time symmetries by tracking the trajectory of instantaneous optical axes of the driven media. Our Floquet quadrupole phase is then confirmed in two independent ways: symmetry indices at high-symmetry momentum points and calculations of the nested Wannier bands. Our work presents a general framework to analyze symmetries in driven optical materials and paves the way to further exploring symmetry-protected topological phases in Floquet systems and their optoelectronic applications.
Trust Your IMU: Consequences of Ignoring the IMU Drift
Creators: name: Örnhag, Marcus Valtonen
name: Persson, Patrik
name: Wadenbäck, Mårten
name: Åström, Kalle
name: Heyden, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we argue that modern pre-integration methods for inertial measurement units (IMUs) are accurate enough to ignore the drift for short time intervals. This allows us to consider a simplified camera model, which in turn admits further intrinsic calibration. We develop the first-ever solver to jointly solve the relative pose problem with unknown and equal focal length and radial distortion profile while utilizing the IMU data. Furthermore, we show significant speed-up compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, with small or negligible loss in accuracy for partially calibrated setups. The proposed algorithms are tested on both synthetic and real data, where the latter is focused on navigation using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We evaluate the proposed solvers on different commercially available low-cost UAVs, and demonstrate that the novel assumption on IMU drift is feasible in real-life applications. The extended intrinsic auto-calibration enables us to use distorted input images, making tedious calibration processes obsolete, compared to current state-of-the-art methods.
Additional file 1 of Clinical features and outcomes of influenza and RSV coinfections: a report from Canadian immunization research network serious outcomes surveillance network
Creators: name: Pott, Henrique
name: J. LeBlanc, Jason
name: S. ElSherif, May
name: Hatchette, Todd F.
name: McNeil, Shelly A.
name: Andrew, Melissa K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flowchart illustrating the process for selecting study participants. Table S1. Absolute and Relative Frequency of Comorbid Conditions in the Charlson Comorbidity Index Among Study Participants. Figure S2. Relative Frequency of Comorbid Conditions in the Charlson Comorbidity Index Among Study Participants. Figure S3. The frequency at which different values of the Charlson Comorbidity Index appear among the participants in the study.
Pros & cons of conventional treatments for TPH removal
Creators: name: Thannberger, Laurent
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: LIFE MySOIL project presentation delivered by Laurent Thannberger, from Valgo, during the workshop “Mycoremediation, a sustainable strategy for the recovery of oil-contaminated sites”, organised online by LIFE MySOIL on May 11th, 2023.
description: This project has received funding from the LIFE Programme of the European Commission under contract number LIFE20 ENV/ES/000416.
The centripetal force law and the equation of motion for a particle on a curved hypersurface
Creators: name: Hu, L. D.
name: Lian, D. K.
name: Liu, Q. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is pointed out that the current form of extrinsic equation of motion for a particle constrained to remain on a hypersurface is in fact a half-finished version for it is established without regard to the fact that the particle can never depart from the geodesics on the surface. Once the fact be taken into consideration, the equation takes that same form as that for centripetal force law, provided that the symbols are re-interpreted so that the law is applicable for higher dimensions. The controversial issue of constructing operator forms of these equations is addressed, and our studies show the quantization of constrained system based on the extrinsic equation of motion is favorable.
description: 5 pages, major revision
The feature of shadow images and observed luminosity of the Bardeen black hole surrounded by different accretions
Creators: name: He, Ke-Jian
name: Guo, Sen
name: Tan, Shuang-Cheng
name: Li, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, by exploring the photon motion in the region near the Bardeen black hole, the shadow and observation properties of the black hole surrounded by various accretion models are studied. We analyzed the changes in shadow imaging and observation luminosity when the relevant physical parameters are changed. For the different spherical accretions background, one can find that the radius of shadow and the position of photon sphere do not change, but the observation intensity of shadow in the infalling accretion model is significantly lower than that of the static case. When the black hole is surrounded by an optically and thin disk accretion, the contribution of the photon rings, lensing rings and direct emission to the total observed flux has also been studied. Under the different forms of the emission modes, the result shows that the observed brightness is mainly determined by direct emission, while the lensing rings will provide a small part of the observation flux and the photon ring can provide a negligible observation flux. By comparing our results with the Schwarzschild spacetime, it is found that the existence or change of relevant status parameters will greatly affect the shape and observation intensity of black hole shadow. These results support that the change of state parameter will affect the spacetime structure, thus affecting the observation feature of black hole shadows.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
MOCCA-SURVEY Database -- I. Tidal disruption events of white dwarfs in globular clusters and young massive clusters
Creators: name: Tanikawa, Ataru
name: Giersz, Mirek
name: Sedda, Manuel Arca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit more than 1000 star cluster Monte Carlo models from the MOCCA-SURVEY Database I, to infer the local rate density of white dwarf (WD) tidal disruption events (TDEs) in globular clusters (GCs) and young massive clusters (YMCs). We suggest that the WD TDE rate for GCs and YMCs in the local universe is $\sim 90$-$500~{\rm yr}^{-1}~{\rm Gpc}^{-3}$, with 90 % of WD TDEs occurring in GCs. The total WD TDE rate density is $\sim 9$-$50$ times larger than estimated before. Our results show that thermonuclear explosions induced by WD TDEs can be observed at a rate of $\sim 100$-$550~{\rm yr}^{-1}$ by the next generation optical surveys, such as the Legacy Survey of Space & Time by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. We also find that massive WDs are preferentially disrupted due to mass segregation, and that 20 % of exploding WDs have $\gtrsim 1.0 M_\odot$ despite of the small population of such WDs.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures, MNRAS accepted
Nielsen Identity and the Renormalization Group Functions in an Abelian Supersymmetric Chern-Simons Model in the Superfield Formalism
Creators: name: Quinto, A. G.
name: Ferrari, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the Nielsen identity for the supersymmetric Chern-Simons-matter model in the superfield formalism, in three spacetime dimensions. The Nielsen identity is essential to understand the gauge invariance of the symmetry breaking mechanism, and it is calculated by using the BRST invariance of the model. We discuss the technical difficulties in applying this identity to the complete effective superpotential, but we show how we can study in detail the gauge independence of one part of the effective superpotential, $K_{eff}$. We calculate the renormalization group functions of the model for arbitrary gauge-fixing parameter, finding them to be independent of the gauge choice. This result can be used to argue that $K_{eff}$ also does not depend on the gauge parameter. We discuss the possibility of the extension of these results to the complete effective superpotential.
description: v2: 23 pages, 4 figures, version accepted for publication in PRD
title: Friedens- und Kriegserfahrung im bayerischen Offizierskorps 1815-1866
Creators: name: Gahlen, Gundula
Publisher: name: Arbeitskreis Militärgeschichte
Year: 2014

description: Die Zeit des Deutschen Bundes, von 1815 bis zum Vorabend des Deutschen Krieges von 1866, stellte für Bayern nach den vorherigen zwölf Kriegsjahren eine weitgehende Friedensperiode dar. Die Wahrnehmungen und Deutungen dieser Friedens- wie auch der vergangenen Kriegszeit im bayerischen Offizierskorps sind Gegenstand dieses Beitrags. Zudem wird untersucht, welchen Stellenwert Kriegserfahrung als Attribut von Offizieren zur Zeit des Deutschen Bundes in Bayern hatte.
EM-WaveHoltz: A flexible frequency-domain method built from time-domain solvers
Creators: name: Peng, Zhichao
name: Appelö, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A novel approach to computing time-harmonic solutions of Maxwell's equations by time-domain simulations is presented. The method, EM-WaveHoltz, results in a positive definite system of equations which makes it amenable to iterative solution with the conjugate gradient method or with GMRES. Theoretical results guaranteeing the convergence of the method away from resonances is presented. Numerical examples illustrating the properties of EM-WaveHoltz are given.
Exocomet signatures around the A-shell star $Φ$ Leo?
Creators: name: Eiroa, C.
name: Rebollido, I.
name: Montesinos, B.
name: Villaver, E.
name: Absil, O.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Bayo, A.
name: Canovas, H.
name: Carmona, A.
name: Chen, Ch.
name: Ertel, S.
name: Iglesias, D. P.
name: Launhardt, R.
name: Maldonado, J.
name: Meeus, G.
name: Moór, A.
name: Mora, A.
name: Mustill, A. J.
name: Olofsson, J.
name: Riviere-Marichalar, P.
name: Roberge, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an intensive monitoring of high-resolution spectra of the Ca {\sc ii} K line in the A7IV shell star $Φ$ Leo at very short (minutes, hours), short (night to night), and medium (weeks, months) timescales. The spectra show remarkable variable absorptions on timescales of hours, days, and months. The characteristics of these sporadic events are very similar to most that are observed toward the debris disk host star $β$ Pic, which are commonly interpreted as signs of the evaporation of solid, comet-like bodies grazing or falling onto the star. Therefore, our results suggest the presence of solid bodies around $Φ$ Leo. To our knowledge, with the exception of $β$ Pic, our monitoring has the best time resolution at the mentioned timescales for a star with events attributed to exocomets. Assuming the cometary scenario and considering the timescales of our monitoring, our results indicate that $Φ$ Leo presents the richest environment with comet-like events known to date, second only to $β$ Pic.
description: A&A letters, proof-corrected
Additional file 1 of Cryptosporidium species and subtypes identified in human domestic cases through the national microbiological surveillance programme in Sweden from 2018 to 2022
Creators: name: Bujila, Ioana
name: Troell, Karin
name: Ögren, Jessica
name: Hansen, Anette
name: Killander, Gustav
name: Agudelo, Lady
name: Lebbad, Marianne
name: Beser, Jessica
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Biopile approach and limitations of TPH soil conventional remediation
Creators: name: Diamantino, Jorge
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: LIFE MySOIL project presentation delivered by Jorge Diamantino, from KEPLER Ingeniería y Ecogestión, during the workshop “Mycoremediation, a sustainable strategy for the recovery of oil-contaminated sites”, organised online by LIFE MySOIL on May 11th, 2023.
description: This project has received funding from the LIFE Programme of the European Commission under contract number LIFE20 ENV/ES/000416.
Crystal nucleation as the ordering of multiple order parameters
Creators: name: Russo, John
name: Tanaka, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nucleation is an activated process in which the system has to overcome a free energy barrier in order for a first-order phase transition between the metastable and the stable phases to take place. In the liquid-to-solid transition the process occurs between phases of different symmetry, and it is thus inherently a multi-dimensional process, in which all symmetries are broken at the transition. In this Focus Article, we consider some recent studies which highlight the multi-dimensional nature of the nucleation process. Even for a single-component system, the formation of solid crystals from the metastable melt involves fluctuations of two (or more) order parameters, often associated with the decoupling of positional and orientational symmetry breaking. In other words, we need at least two order parameters to describe the free-energy of a system including its liquid and crystalline states. This decoupling occurs naturally for asymmetric particles or directional interactions, focusing here on the case of water, but we will show that it also affects spherically symmetric interacting particles, such as the hard-sphere system. We will show how the treatment of nucleation as a multi-dimensional process has shed new light on the process of polymorph selection, on the effect of external fields on the nucleation process, and on glass-forming ability.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
First Identification of a CMB Lensing Signal Produced by $1.5$ Million Galaxies at $z\sim$4: Constraints on Matter Density Fluctuations at High Redshift
Creators: name: Miyatake, Hironao
name: Harikane, Yuichi
name: Ouchi, Masami
name: Ono, Yoshiaki
name: Yamamoto, Nanaka
name: Nishizawa, Atsushi J.
name: Bahcall, Neta
name: Miyazaki, Satoshi
name: Malagón, Andrés A. Plazas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection of the dark matter distribution around Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at high redshift through the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) lensing measurements with the public {\it Planck} PR3 $κ$ map. The LBG sample consists of 1,473,106 objects with the median redshift of $z \sim 4$ that are identified in a total area of 305 deg$^2$ observed by the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Strategic Survey Program (SSP) survey. After careful investigations of systematic uncertainties, such as contamination from foreground galaxies and Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB), we obtain the significant detection of the CMB lensing signal at $5.1σ$ that is dominated by 2-halo term signals of the LBGs. Fitting a simple model consisting of the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile and the linear-bias model, we obtain the typical halo mass of $2.9^{+9.5}_{-2.5} \times 10^{11} h^{-1} M_\odot$. Combining the CMB lensing and galaxy-galaxy clustering signals on the large scales, we demonstrate the first cosmological analysis at $z\sim4$ that constrains $(Ω_{{\rm m}0}$, $σ_8)$. We find that our constraint on $σ_8$ is roughly consistent with the {\it Planck} best-fit cosmology, while this $σ_8$ constraint is lower than the {\it Planck} cosmology over the $1σ$ level. This study opens up a new window for constraining cosmological parameters at high redshift by the combination of CMB and high-$z$ galaxies as well as studying the interplay between galaxy evolution and larges-scale structure at such high redshift, by upcoming CMB and optical and near-infrared imaging surveys.
description: 11pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in PRL
Classically-Verifiable Quantum Advantage from a Computational Bell Test
Creators: name: Kahanamoku-Meyer, Gregory D.
name: Choi, Soonwon
name: Vazirani, Umesh V.
name: Yao, Norman Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose and analyze a novel interactive protocol for demonstrating quantum computational advantage, which is efficiently classically verifiable. Our protocol relies upon the cryptographic hardness of trapdoor claw-free functions (TCFs). Through a surprising connection to Bell's inequality, our protocol avoids the need for an adaptive hardcore bit, with essentially no increase in the quantum circuit complexity and no extra cryptographic assumptions. Crucially, this expands the set of compatible TCFs, and we propose two new constructions: one based upon the decisional Diffie-Hellman problem and the other based upon Rabin's function, $x^2 \bmod N$. We also describe two independent innovations which improve the efficiency of our protocol's implementation: (i) a scheme to discard so-called "garbage bits", thereby removing the need for reversibility in the quantum circuits, and (ii) a natural way of performing post-selection which significantly reduces the fidelity needed to demonstrate quantum advantage. These two constructions may also be of independent interest, as they may be applicable to other TCF-based quantum cryptography such as certifiable random number generation. Finally, we design several efficient circuits for $x^2 \bmod N$ and describe a blueprint for their implementation on a Rydberg-atom-based quantum computer.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table (main text); 12 pages, 1 table (methods + supplementary information). v2: improved notation and clarity, and fixed small errors/typos; no changes to results
Report on promotion of FAIR data within Photon and Neutron RIs
Creators: name: Matthews, Brian
name: Lambert, Simon
name: McBirnie, Abigail
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FAIR
Data Management
ExPaNDS
Open data

description: FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data management practices are not necessarily widely understood or valued within the research community supported by ExPaNDS Photon and Neutron (PaN) facilities, and the benefits and implications of their adoption need to be promoted within the community. In this report, we describe the activities undertaken by ExPaNDS to promote FAIR data policies, tools, and practices within the communities associated with PaN facilities. Different stakeholder groups have different priorities and concerns, so we present the approaches undertaken for each community in order to be most effective. In particular, we targeted the following groups: senior facilities management; instrument scientists; other facilities staff involved in data and information management; user groups in science communities; and the wider Research Data Management (RDM) community. We describe the promotional activities undertaken across the project. We conclude with a discussion on the likely impact of the work of ExPaNDS Work Package 2 (WP2) on the wider ExPaNDS partner community.
Managing surveys: ten lessons learned from web-surveys.
Creators: name: G.Tijdens, Kea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: web-surveys
survey methodology
software package versus own software
monitoring questionnaire intake
API's versus showcards
reading versus verbal communication

description: The paper reviews ten lessons learned from twenty years of managing a continuous, volunteer, multilingual, multi-country web-survey and several face-to-face surveys derived from the web-survey. The lessons address defining web-surveys, software package versus own software, non-response, monitoring questionnaire intake, API’s versus showcards, reading versus verbal communication, I versus you phrasing, generic versus personalised survey questions, counting survey questions versus characters read, and managing a multi-country, multilingual survey.
Optimizing The Spatial Content Caching Distribution for Device-to-Device Communications
Creators: name: Malak, Derya
name: Al-Shalash, Mazin
name: Andrews, Jeffrey G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the optimal geographic content placement problem for device-to-device (D2D) networks in which the content popularity follows the Zipf law. We consider a D2D caching model where the locations of the D2D users (caches) are modeled by a Poisson point process (PPP) and have limited communication range and finite storage. Unlike most related work which assumes independent placement of content, and does not capture the locations of the users, we model the spatial properties of the network including spatial correlation in terms of the cached content. We propose two novel spatial correlation models, the exchangeable content model and a Matérn (MHC) content placement model, and analyze and optimize the \emph{hit probability}, which is the probability of a given D2D node finding a desired file at another node within its communication range. We contrast these results to the independent placement model, and show that exchangeable placement performs worse. On the other hand, MHC placement yields a higher cache hit probability than independent placement for small cache sizes.
description: appeared in Proc. IEEE Intl. Symposium on Info. Theory, Barcelona, Spain, July 2016
A 2HDM for the g-2 and Dark Matter
Creators: name: Arcadi, Giorgio
name: de Jesus, Álvaro S.
name: de Melo, Téssio B.
name: Queiroz, Farinaldo S.
name: Villamizar, Yoxara S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Muon g-2 experiment at FERMILAB has confirmed the muon anomalous magnetic moment anomaly with an error bar 15% smaller and a different central value compared with the previous Brookhaven result. The combined results from FERMILAB and Brookhaven show a difference with theory at a significance of $4.2σ$, strongly indicating the presence of new physics. In light of this new result, we discuss a Two Higgs Doublet model augmented by an Abelian gauge symmetry that can simultaneously accommodate a light dark matter candidate and $(g-2)_μ$, in agreement with existing bounds.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures. Text improved. Bounds from parity violation experiments included. Expanded discussion. References added
A Rubidium M$_{\mathrm{x}}$-magnetometer for Measurements on Solid State Spins
Creators: name: Arnold, Daniel
name: Siegel, Steven
name: Grisanti, Emily
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
name: Gerhardt, Ilja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of environmental magnetic fields is well established by optically pumped atomic magnetometers. Another focus of magnetometry can be the research on magnetic or spin-active solid-state samples. Here we introduce a simple and compact design of a rubidium-based M$_{\mathrm{x}}$-magnetometer, which allows for hosting solid-state samples. The optical, mechanical and electrical design is reported, as well as simple measurements which introduce the ground-state spin-relaxation time, the signal-to-noise ratio of a measurement, and subsequently the overall sensitivity of the magnetometer. The magnetometer is optimized for the most sensitive operation with respect to laser power and magnetic field excitation at the Larmor frequency.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures