cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The role of stellar collisions for the formation of massive stars
Creators: name: Baumgardt, H.
name: Klessen, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use direct N-body simulations of gas embedded star clusters to study the importance of stellar collisions for the formation and mass accretion history of high-mass stars. Our clusters start in virial equilibrium as a mix of gas and proto-stars. Proto-stars then accrete matter using different mass accretion rates and the amount of gas is reduced in the same way as the mass of stars increases. During the simulations we check for stellar collisions and we investigate the role of these collisions for the build-up of high-mass stars and the formation of runaway stars. We find that a significant number of collisions only occur in clusters with initial half-mass radii r_h < 0.1 pc. After emerging from their parental gas clouds, such clusters end up too compact compared to observed young, massive open clusters. In addition, collisions lead mainly to the formation of a single runaway star instead of the formation of many high mass stars with a broad mass spectrum. We therefore conclude that massive stars form mainly by gas accretion, with stellar collisions only playing a minor role if any at all. Collisions of stars in the pre-main sequence phase might however contribute to the formation of the most massive stars in the densest star clusters and possibly to the formation of intermediate-mass black holes with masses up to a few 100 Msun.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS in press
Towards Cosmological Black Rings
Creators: name: Gutowski, J. B.
name: Sabra, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify all pseudo-supersymmetric near horizon geometries of extremal black holes in five dimensional de-Sitter supergravity coupled to vector multiplets. We find that there are three types of solution. The first type corresponds to the near-horizon geometry of extremal de Sitter BMPV black holes, and the spatial cross-section of the horizon is topologically S^3. The other two solutions cannot be embedded into the minimal de-Sitter supergravity theory, and correspond to near-horizon geometries for which the spatial cross-sections of the horizon are T^3 or S^1 * S^2.
description: 20 pages, latex. Minor typos corrected
Phase transitions in dipolar spin-1 Bose gases
Creators: name: Pietilä, Ville
name: Möttönen, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study phase transitions in homogeneous spin-1 Bose gases in the presence of long-range magnetic dipole-dipole interactions (DDI). We concentrate on three-dimensional geometries and employ momentum shell renormalization group to study the possible instabilities caused by the dipole-dipole interaction. At the zero-temperature limit where quantum fluctuations prevail, we find the phase diagram to be unaffected by the dipole-dipole interaction. When the thermal fluctuations dominate, polar and ferromagnetic condensates with DDI become unstable and we discuss this crossover in detail. On the other hand, the spin-singlet condensate remains stable in the presence of dipole-dipole interactions.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures; published version
Additional file 1 of Psychometric properties of the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system scale v1.2: global health (PROMIS-GH) in a Dutch general population
Creators: name: Pellicciari, Leonardo
name: Chiarotto, Alessandro
name: Giusti, Emanuele
name: Crins, Martine H. P.
name: Roorda, Leo D.
name: Terwee, Caroline B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Detail of the Item Characteristics Curve for Global 06.
Exploring the Latest Union2 SNIa Dataset by Using Model-Independent Parametrization Methods
Creators: name: Wang, Shuang
name: Li, Xiao-Dong
name: Li, Miao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the cosmological consequences of the recently released Union2 sample of 557 Type Ia supernovae (SNIa). Combining this latest SNIa dataset with the Cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 7 year (WMAP7) observations and the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7), we measure the dark energy density function $f(z)\equiv ρ_{de}(z)/ρ_{de}(0)$ as a free function of redshift. Two model-independent parametrization methods (the binned parametrization and the polynomial interpolation parametrization) are used in this paper. By using the $χ^2$ statistic and the Bayesian information criterion, we find that the current observational data are still too limited to distinguish which parametrization method is better, and a simple model has advantage in fitting observational data than a complicated model. Moreover, it is found that all these parametrizations demonstrate that the Union2 dataset is still consistent with a cosmological constant at 1$σ$ confidence level. Therefore, the Union2 dataset is different from the Constitution SNIa dataset, which more favors a dynamical dark energy.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in PRD
Detection of the Power Spectrum of Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
Creators: name: Das, Sudeep
name: Sherwin, Blake D.
name: Aguirre, Paula
name: Appel, John W.
name: Bond, J. Richard
name: Carvalho, C. Sofia
name: Devlin, Mark J.
name: Dunkley, Joanna
name: Dunner, Rolando
name: Essinger-Hileman, Thomas
name: Fowler, Joseph W.
name: Hajian, Amir
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Hasselfield, Matthew
name: Hincks, Adam D.
name: Hlozek, Renee
name: Huffenberger, Kevin M.
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Irwin, Kent D.
name: Klein, Jeff
name: Kosowsky, Arthur
name: Lupton, Robert H.
name: Marriage, Tobias A.
name: Marsden, Danica
name: Menanteau, Felipe
name: Moodley, Kavilan
name: Niemack, Michael D.
name: Nolta, Michael R.
name: Page, Lyman A.
name: Parker, Lucas
name: Reese, Erik D.
name: Schmitt, Benjamin L.
name: Sehgal, Neelima
name: Sievers, Jon
name: Spergel, David N.
name: Staggs, Suzanne T.
name: Swetz, Daniel S.
name: Switzer, Eric R.
name: Thornton, Robert
name: Visnjic, Katerina
name: Wollack, Ed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection of the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background through a measurement of the four-point correlation function in the temperature maps made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We verify our detection by calculating the levels of potential contaminants and performing a number of null tests. The resulting convergence power spectrum at 2-degree angular scales measures the amplitude of matter density fluctuations on comoving length scales of around 100 Mpc at redshifts around 0.5 to 3. The measured amplitude of the signal agrees with Lambda Cold Dark Matter cosmology predictions. Since the amplitude of the convergence power spectrum scales as the square of the amplitude of the density fluctuations, the 4-sigma detection of the lensing signal measures the amplitude of density fluctuations to 12%.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, replaced title and author list with version accepted by Physical Review Letters. Likelihood code can be downloaded from http://bccp.lbl.gov/~sudeep/ACTLensLike.html
Additional file 2 of Psychometric properties of the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system scale v1.2: global health (PROMIS-GH) in a Dutch general population
Creators: name: Pellicciari, Leonardo
name: Chiarotto, Alessandro
name: Giusti, Emanuele
name: Crins, Martine H. P.
name: Roorda, Leo D.
name: Terwee, Caroline B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S2-S3. Empirical plot of items display misfit to the IRT model in at least one subsample.
Connecting T-duality invariant theories
Creators: name: Copland, Neil B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the vanishing of the one-loop beta-functional of the doubled formalism (which describes string theory on a torus fibration in which the fibres are doubled) is the same as the equation of motion of the recently proposed generalised metric formulation of double field theory restricted to this background: both are the vanishing of a generalised Ricci tensor. That this tensor arises in both backgrounds indicates the importance of a new doubled differential geometry for understanding both constructions.
description: 25 pages. v2: published version with minor corrections
Additional file 1 of Measuring health-related social deprivation in small areas: development of an index and examination of its association with cancer mortality
Creators: name: Wang, Kailu
name: Law, Chi-Kin
name: Zhao, Jiaying
name: Hui, Alvin Yik-Kiu
name: Yip, Benjamin Hon-Kei
name: Yeoh, Eng Kiong
name: Chung, Roger Yat-Nork
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. ICD-10 codes for chronic disease selection, characteristics of missing data, mortality and morbidity according to deprivation level during 2011-2015/2016, and geographical variation of social deprivation and cancer mortality.
Spin-to-Charge Conversion of Mesoscopic Spin Currents
Creators: name: Stano, Peter
name: Jacquod, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical investigations have shown that spin currents can be generated by passing electric currents through spin-orbit coupled mesoscopic systems. Measuring these spin currents has however not been achieved to date. We show how mesoscopic spin currents in lateral heterostructures can be measured with a single-channel voltage probe. In the presence of a spin current, the charge current $I_{\rm qpc}$ through the quantum point contact connecting the probe is odd in an externally applied Zeeman field $B$, while it is even in the absence of spin current. Furthermore, the zero field derivative $\partial_B I_{\rm qpc}$ is proportional to the magnitude of the spin current, with a proportionality coefficient that can be determined in an independent measurement. We confirm these findings numerically.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; references added, a few minor changes
Resonant charging of Xe clusters in Helium nanodroplets under intense laser fields
Creators: name: Peltz, Christian
name: Fennel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the impact of multiple plasmon resonances on the charging of Xe clusters embedded in He nanodroplets under intense pump-probe laser excitation. Our molecular dynamics simulations on Xe309He10000$ and comparison to results for free Xe309$ give clear evidence for selective resonance heating in the He shell and the Xe cluster, but no corresponding double hump feature in the final Xe charge spectra is found. Though the presence of the He shell substantially increases the maximum charge states, the pump-probe dynamics of the Xe spectra from embedded system is similar to that of the free species. In strong contrast to that, the predicted electron spectra do show well-separated and pronounced features from highly efficient plasmon assisted electron acceleration for both resonances in the embedded clusters. A detailed analysis of the underlying ionization and recombination dynamics is presented and explains the apparent disaccord between the resonance features in the ion and electron spectra.
description: revised manuscript
Additional file 1 of The frequency of rare and monogenic diseases in pediatric organ transplant recipients in Italy
Creators: name: Vaisitti, Tiziana
name: Peritore, Daniela
name: Magistroni, Paola
name: Ricci, Andrea
name: Lombardini, Letizia
name: Gringeri, Enrico
name: Catalano, Silvia
name: Spada, Marco
name: Sciveres, Marco
name: Di Giorgio, Angelo
name: Limongelli, Giuseppe
name: Varrenti, Marisa
name: Gerosa, Gino
name: Terzi, Amedeo
name: Napoleone, Carlo Pace
name: Amodeo, Antonio
name: Ragni, Luca
name: Strologo, Luca dello
name: Benetti, Elisa
name: Fontana, Iris
name: Testa, Sara
name: Peruzzi, Licia
name: Mitrotti, Adele
name: Abbate, Serena
name: Comai, Giorgia
name: Gotti, Eliana
name: Schiavon, Marco
name: Boffini, Massimo
name: De Angelis, Daniele
name: Bertani, Alessandro
name: Pinelli, Domenico
name: Torre, Massimo
name: Poggi, Camilla
name: Deaglio, Silvia
name: Cardillo, Massimo
name: Amoroso, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Additionale file 1 includes Supplementary Table 1 showing combined transplants in the pediatricand adult cohorts included in the study and a Supplementary Table 2 listing Transplant Centers that enrolledpediatric and adult patients included in the study and present in the Transplant Registry.
Particle Production in s_NN = 2.76 TeV Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Rafelski, Johann
name: Letessier, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain within the statistical hadronization model the hadron yields $dh/dy$ in heavy ion reactions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. We discuss the dependence both on hadronization temperature $T$, and on critical hadronization pressure $P$. We consider observables distinguishing the hadronization models and conditions.
description: 6 pages, PRC in presss
Local Spin Susceptibility of the S=1/2 Kagome Lattice in ZnCu3(OD)6Cl2
Creators: name: Imai, T.
name: Fu, M.
name: Han, T. H.
name: Lee, Y. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report single-crystal 2-D NMR investigation of the nearly ideal spin S=1/2 kagome lattice ZnCu3(OD)6Cl2. We successfully identify 2-D NMR signals originating from the nearest-neighbors of Cu2+ defects occupying Zn sites. From the 2-D Knight shift measurements, we demonstrate that weakly interacting Cu2+ spins at these defects cause the large Curie-Weiss enhancement toward T=0 commonly observed in the bulk susceptibility data. We estimate the intrinsic spin susceptibility of the kagome planes by subtracting defect contributions, and explore several scenarios.
description: 4 figures; published in PR-B Rapid Communications
Additional file 1 of A pragmatic randomised controlled trial referring to a Personalised Self-management SUPport Programme (P-SUP) for persons enrolled in a disease management programme for type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or for coronary heart disease
Creators: name: Konerding, Uwe
name: Redaèlli, Marcus
name: Ackermann, Karolin
name: Altin, Sibel
name: Appelbaum, Sebastian
name: Biallas, Bianca
name: Bödecker, August-Wilhelm
name: Botzenhardt, Suzan
name: Chermette, Chloé
name: Cichocki, Martin
name: Dapper, Iris
name: Dehnen, Katja
name: Funke, Christian
name: Gawlik, Angeli
name: Giesen, Lisa
name: Goetz, Johannes
name: Graf, Christian
name: Hagen, Bernd
name: Heßbrügge, Martina
name: Höhne, Phillip Hendrick
name: Kleinert, Jens
name: Könnecke, Helene
name: Küppers, Lucas
name: Kuth, Nicole
name: Lehmann, Lion
name: Lendt, Claas
name: Majjouti, Khalid
name: Nacak, Yeliz
name: Neuhausen, Aliza
name: Pilic, Larisa
name: Schneider, Lara
name: Scholl, Maximilian
name: Simic, Dusan
name: Sönnichsen, Andreas
name: Thielmann, Anika
name: Van der Arend, Ines
name: Vitinius, Frank
name: Weltermann, Birgitta
name: Wild, Dorothea
name: Wilm, Stefan
name: Stock, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Original version of informed consent.
On the ISS model of dynamical SUSY breaking
Creators: name: Vartanov, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we would like to apply the superconformal index technique to give one more evidence for the theory proposed by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shenker (ISS) as being described by interacting conformal field theory in its IR fixed point.
description: LaTex, 5 pages; minor changes, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Cyberbullying in Tanzania : adolescents' experiences and the psychosocial factors influencing coping strategies
Creators: name: Onditi, Hezron Zacharia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Using a socio-ecological model, this study explored Tanzanian adolescents’ perspectives on cyberbullying, how they cope with it, as well as how personal factors (social assertiveness and self-esteem), and social factors (relationships with parents, peers, and teachers) influences coping strategies. A total of 778 adolescents, aged 14 to 18 in Form I to Form IV (grades 8 to 11) responded to a self-report questionnaire, and a subset of participants (n = 20), who identified themselves as victims of cyberbullying, participated in follow-up, semi-structured interviews. Results showed that cyberbullying is a concern among Tanzanian adolescents. In particular, victims reported experiencing negative emotional, social, cognitive, behavioural, and academic outcomes as a result of online victimization. Spending more time online, sharing cell phones, and accessing digital devices in a private place were positively related to cybervictimization; although using digital devices in a private place and time online (for older and male adolescents) were positively related to cyberbullying as well. Victims reported using active, avoidance, social support, distraction, and retaliation as coping strategies for a number of reasons including: 1) to relieve stress; 2) to forget and refocus; 3) to hold perpetrators accountable; and, 4) to be inaccessible to the perpetrator(s). Results also indicated that more assertive adolescents with strong relationships with their teachers were less likely to choose distraction and retaliation coping strategies. Unexpectedly, older adolescents with positive relationships with their parents were more likely to adopt retaliation coping. Findings point to the need for culturally relevant cyberbullying education and intervention programs that consider technology, individual characteristics, and social context factors. Implications and suggestions for intervention, practice, and future research are discussed.
Resonant production of the sterile neutrino dark matter and fine-tunings in the [nu]MSM
Creators: name: Roy, Ananda
name: Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of lepton asymmetry below the electroweak scale has a considerable impact on production of dark matter sterile neutrinos. Oscillations or decays of the heavier sterile neutrinos in the neutrino minimal standard model can give rise to the requisite lepton asymmetry, provided the masses of the heavier neutrinos are sufficiently degenerate. We study the renormalization group evolution of the mass difference of these singlet fermions to understand the degree of necessary fine-tuning. We construct an example of the model that can lead to a technically natural realization of this low-energy degeneracy.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Condensation in nongeneric trees
Creators: name: Jonsson, Thordur
name: Stefansson, Sigurdur Orn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60J80

description: We study nongeneric planar trees and prove the existence of a Gibbs measure on infinite trees obtained as a weak limit of the finite volume measures. It is shown that in the infinite volume limit there arises exactly one vertex of infinite degree and the rest of the tree is distributed like a subcritical Galton-Watson tree with mean offspring probability $m<1$. We calculate the rate of divergence of the degree of the highest order vertex of finite trees in the thermodynamic limit and show it goes like $(1-m)N$ where $N$ is the size of the tree. These trees have infinite spectral dimension with probability one but the spectral dimension calculated from the ensemble average of the generating function for return probabilities is given by $2β-2$ if the weight $w_n$ of a vertex of degree $n$ is asymptotic to $n^{-β}$.
description: 57 pages, 14 figures. Minor changes
Oscillating nonlinear large scale structure in growing neutrino quintessence
Creators: name: Baldi, Marco
name: Pettorino, Valeria
name: Amendola, Luca
name: Wetterich, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Growing Neutrino quintessence describes a form of dynamical dark energy that could explain why dark energy dominates the universe only in recent cosmological times. This scenario predicts the formation of large scale neutrino lumps which could allow for observational tests. We perform for the first time N-body simulations of the nonlinear growth of structures for cold dark matter and neutrino fluids in the context of Growing Neutrino cosmologies. Our analysis shows a pulsation - increase and subsequent decrease - of the neutrino density contrast. This could lead to interesting observational signatures, as an enhanced bulk flow in a situation where the dark matter density contrast only differs very mildly from the standard LCDM scenario. We also determine for the first time the statistical distribution of neutrino lumps as a function of mass at different redshifts. Such determination provides an essential ingredient for a realistic estimate of the observational signatures of Growing Neutrino cosmologies. Due to a breakdown of the non-relativistic Newtonian approximation our results are limited to redshifts z > 1.
description: 17 pages, 1 table, 10 figures; MNRAS in press
The catalogue of positions of optically bright extragalactic radio sources OBRS-1
Creators: name: Petrov, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is expected that the European Space Agency mission Gaia will make possible to determine coordinates in the optical domain of more than 500000 quasars. In 2006, a radio astrometry project was launched with the overall goal to make comparison of coordinate systems derived from future space-born astrometry instruments with the coordinate system constructed from analysis of the global very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) more robust. Investigation of their rotation, zonal errors, and the non-alignment of the radio and optical positions caused by both radio and optical structures are important for validation of both techniques. In order to support these studies, the densification of the list of compact extragalactic objects that are bright in both radio and optical ranges is desirable. A set of 105 objects from the list of 398 compact extragalactic radio sources with declination > -10 deg was observed with the VLBA+EVN with the primary goal of producing their images with milliarcsecond resolution. These sources are brighter than 18 magnitude at V band, and they were previously detected at the European VLBI network. In this paper coordinates of observed sources have been derived with milliarcsecond accuracies from analysis of these VLBI observations following the method of absolute astrometry. The catalogue of positions of 105 target sources is presented. The accuracies of sources coordinates are in the range of 0.3 to 7 mas, with the median 1.1 mas.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, accepted by the Astronomical Journal, ID: AJ-10606. Electronic table 2 with the catalogue is available in the source code of this submission
GPU-based Low Dose CT Reconstruction via Edge-preserving Total Variation Regularization
Creators: name: Tian, Zhen
name: Jia, Xun
name: Yuan, Kehong
name: Pan, Tinsu
name: Jiang, Steve B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High radiation dose in CT scans increases a lifetime risk of cancer and has become a major clinical concern. Recently, iterative reconstruction algorithms with Total Variation (TV) regularization have been developed to reconstruct CT images from highly undersampled data acquired at low mAs levels in order to reduce the imaging dose. Nonetheless, TV regularization may lead to over-smoothed images and lost edge information. To solve this problem, in this work we develop an iterative CT reconstruction algorithm with edge-preserving TV regularization to reconstruct CT images from highly undersampled data obtained at low mAs levels. The CT image is reconstructed by minimizing an energy consisting of an edge-preserving TV norm and a data fidelity term posed by the x-ray projections. The edge-preserving TV term is proposed to preferentially perform smoothing only on non-edge part of the image in order to avoid over-smoothing, which is realized by introducing a penalty weight to the original total variation norm. Our iterative algorithm is implemented on GPU to improve its speed. We test our reconstruction algorithm on a digital NCAT phantom, a physical chest phantom, and a Catphan phantom. Reconstruction results from a conventional FBP algorithm and a TV regularization method without edge preserving penalty are also presented for comparison purpose. The experimental results illustrate that both TV-based algorithm and our edge-preserving TV algorithm outperform the conventional FBP algorithm in suppressing the streaking artifacts and image noise under the low dose context. Our edge-preserving algorithm is superior to the TV-based algorithm in that it can preserve more information of fine structures and therefore maintain acceptable spatial resolution.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Average Entanglement for Markovian Quantum Trajectories
Creators: name: Vogelsberger, Sylvain
name: Spehner, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the entanglement of noninteracting qubits coupled to reservoirs under monitoring of the reservoirs by means of continuous measurements. We calculate the average of the concurrence of the qubits wavefunction over all quantum trajectories. For two qubits coupled to independent baths subjected to local measurements, this average decays exponentially with a rate depending on the measurement scheme only. This contrasts with the known disappearance of entanglement after a finite time for the density matrix in the absence of measurements. For two qubits coupled to a common bath, the mean concurrence can vanish at discrete times. Our analysis applies to arbitrary quantum jump or quantum state diffusion dynamics in the Markov limit. We discuss the best measurement schemes to protect entanglement in specific examples.
description: enlarged version, to be published in Physical Review A
VCIOM-Sputnik Poll: December 2018
Creators: name: VCIOM (Russian Public Opinion Research Center)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: President of Russia approval (1); Prime Minister approval (1); State Duma of Russia (2); political party preference (2); mass protests (2); Internet usage (1); watch TV (1); trade unions (1); judicial system (1); Russian Orthodox church (1); personal financial situation (2); employment (2); sources of income (1); most important problems (5); rise in prices, inflation (2); Russian ruble and US dollar exchange rate fluctuations (3); unemployment (2); take out loans (2); spend or save money (1); savings (1); economic policy (1); social policy (1); foreign policy (1); direction of country (1); life satisfaction (2).
Additional file 2 of A pragmatic randomised controlled trial referring to a Personalised Self-management SUPport Programme (P-SUP) for persons enrolled in a disease management programme for type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or for coronary heart disease
Creators: name: Konerding, Uwe
name: Redaèlli, Marcus
name: Ackermann, Karolin
name: Altin, Sibel
name: Appelbaum, Sebastian
name: Biallas, Bianca
name: Bödecker, August-Wilhelm
name: Botzenhardt, Suzan
name: Chermette, Chloé
name: Cichocki, Martin
name: Dapper, Iris
name: Dehnen, Katja
name: Funke, Christian
name: Gawlik, Angeli
name: Giesen, Lisa
name: Goetz, Johannes
name: Graf, Christian
name: Hagen, Bernd
name: Heßbrügge, Martina
name: Höhne, Phillip Hendrick
name: Kleinert, Jens
name: Könnecke, Helene
name: Küppers, Lucas
name: Kuth, Nicole
name: Lehmann, Lion
name: Lendt, Claas
name: Majjouti, Khalid
name: Nacak, Yeliz
name: Neuhausen, Aliza
name: Pilic, Larisa
name: Schneider, Lara
name: Scholl, Maximilian
name: Simic, Dusan
name: Sönnichsen, Andreas
name: Thielmann, Anika
name: Van der Arend, Ines
name: Vitinius, Frank
name: Weltermann, Birgitta
name: Wild, Dorothea
name: Wilm, Stefan
name: Stock, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Example of patient feedback - original version.
Lyapunov and diffusion timescales in the solar neighborhood
Creators: name: Shevchenko, Ivan I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the Lyapunov times (characteristic times of predictability of motion) in Quillen's models for the dynamics in the solar neighborhood. These models take into account perturbations due to the Galactic bar and spiral arms. For estimating the Lyapunov times, an approach based on the separatrix map theory is used. The Lyapunov times turn out to be typically of the order of 10 Galactic years. We show that only in a narrow range of possible values of the problem parameters the Galactic chaos is adiabatic; usually it is not slow. We also estimate the characteristic diffusion times in the chaotic domain. In a number of models, the diffusion times turn out to be small enough to permit migration of the Sun from the inner regions of the Milky Way to its current location. Moreover, due to the possibility of ballistic flights inside the chaotic layer, the chaotic mixing might be even far more effective and quicker than in the case of normal diffusion. This confirms the dynamical possibility of Minchev and Famaey's migration concept.
description: 22 pages, including 2 figures. Published in Astrophys. J., 733, 39
Additional file 3 of A pragmatic randomised controlled trial referring to a Personalised Self-management SUPport Programme (P-SUP) for persons enrolled in a disease management programme for type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or for coronary heart disease
Creators: name: Konerding, Uwe
name: Redaèlli, Marcus
name: Ackermann, Karolin
name: Altin, Sibel
name: Appelbaum, Sebastian
name: Biallas, Bianca
name: Bödecker, August-Wilhelm
name: Botzenhardt, Suzan
name: Chermette, Chloé
name: Cichocki, Martin
name: Dapper, Iris
name: Dehnen, Katja
name: Funke, Christian
name: Gawlik, Angeli
name: Giesen, Lisa
name: Goetz, Johannes
name: Graf, Christian
name: Hagen, Bernd
name: Heßbrügge, Martina
name: Höhne, Phillip Hendrick
name: Kleinert, Jens
name: Könnecke, Helene
name: Küppers, Lucas
name: Kuth, Nicole
name: Lehmann, Lion
name: Lendt, Claas
name: Majjouti, Khalid
name: Nacak, Yeliz
name: Neuhausen, Aliza
name: Pilic, Larisa
name: Schneider, Lara
name: Scholl, Maximilian
name: Simic, Dusan
name: Sönnichsen, Andreas
name: Thielmann, Anika
name: Van der Arend, Ines
name: Vitinius, Frank
name: Weltermann, Birgitta
name: Wild, Dorothea
name: Wilm, Stefan
name: Stock, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Example of patient feedback - English translation.
On the electronic-photonic integrated circuit design automation : modelling, design, analysis, and simulation
Creators: name: Farsaei, Ahmadreza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Photonic networks form the backbone of the data communication infrastructure. In particular, in current and future wireless communication systems, photonic networks are becoming increasingly popular for data distribution between the central office and the remote antenna units at base stations. As wireless-photonic systems become increasingly more popular, not only low-cost implementation of such systems is desirable, but also a reliable electronic-photonic design automation (EPDA) framework supporting such complex circuits and systems is crucial. This work investigates the foundation and presents implementation of various aspects of such EPDA framework. Various building blocks of silicon-photonic systems are reviewed in the first chapter of the thesis. The review discusses an example of a 60-GHz wireless system based on photonic technology, which could be suitable for the emerging 5th-generation (5G) cellular networks, and also provides design use cases that need to be supported by the EPDA framework. Integrated photonic circuits, which are the building blocks of wireless-photonic systems, will achieve their potential only if designers can efficiently and reliably design, model, simulate, and tune the performance of electro-optical components. The developed EPDA framework supports an integrated optical solver, INTERCONNECT, to provide optical time and frequency domain simulations so that a designer would be able to simulate electrical, optical, and electro-optical circuits using two developed and implemented methodologies: sequential electro-optical simulation and co-simulation. We propose an algorithm to enhance the performance of electronic simulation engines that can be integrated into the EPDA simulation methods such as Harmonic Balance. It will be shown that body-biasing of CMOS transistors can be used as an effective method for tuning the performance of the electronic section of an electro-optical design. This can help designers adjusting the performance of their designs after fabrication. Modelling of electro-optical components is discussed in this thesis; It is shown that some traditional passive components such as inductors, which take a large amount of space in CMOS processes, could be fabricated in the much lower cost photonic process and consequently the overall cost of silicon-photonic systems can be reduced significantly.
The Black Hole Mass Distribution in the Galaxy
Creators: name: Ozel, Feryal
name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: McClintock, Jeffrey E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use dynamical mass measurements of 16 black holes in transient low-mass X-ray binaries to infer the stellar black hole mass distribution in the parent population. We find that the observations are best described by a narrow mass distribution at 7.8 +/- 1.2 Msolar. We identify a selection effect related to the choice of targets for optical follow-ups that results in a flux-limited sample. We demonstrate, however, that this selection effect does not introduce a bias in the observed distribution and cannot explain the absence of black holes in the 2-5 solar mass range. On the high mass end, we argue that the rapid decline in the inferred distribution may be the result of the particular evolutionary channel followed by low-mass X-ray binaries. This is consistent with the presence of high-mass black holes in the persistent, high-mass X-ray binary sources. If the paucity of low-mass black holes is caused by a sudden decrease of the supernova explosion energy with increasing progenitor mass, this would have observable implications for ongoing transient surveys that target core-collapse supernovae. Our results also have significant implications for the calculation of event rates from the coalescence of black hole binaries for gravitational wave detectors.
description: ApJ in press
GPU-based Low-dose 4DCT Reconstruction via Temporal Non-local Means
Creators: name: Tian, Zhen
name: Jia, Xun
name: Jiang, Steve B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) has been widely used in cancer radiotherapy for accurate target delineation and motion measurement for tumors in thorax and upper abdomen areas. However, 4DCT simulation is associated with much higher imaging dose than conventional CT simulation, which is a major concern in its clinical application. Conventionally, each phase of 4DCT is reconstructed independently using the filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm. The basic idea of our new algorithm is that, by utilizing the common information among different phases, the input information required to reconstruct image of high quality, and thus the imaging dose, can be reduced. We proposed a temporal non-local means (TNLM) method to explore the inter-phase similarity. All phases of the 4DCT images are reconstructed simultaneously by minimizing a cost function consisting of a data fidelity term and a TNLM regularization term. We utilized a forward-backward splitting algorithm and a Gauss-Jacobi iteration method to efficiently solve the minimization problem. The algorithm was also implemented on graphics processing unit (GPU) to achieve a high computational speed. Our reconstruction algorithm has been tested on a digital NCAT thorax phantom in three low dose scenarios. Our new algorithm generates visually much better CT images containing less image noise and streaking artifacts compared with the standard FBP algorithm. Quantitative analysis shows that much higher contrast-to-noise ratio and signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained using our algorithm. The total reconstruction time for all 10 phases of a slice ranges from 90 to 140 seconds on an NVIDIA Tesla C1060 GPU card.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, and 2 tables, accepted by Med. Phys
Additional file 4 of A pragmatic randomised controlled trial referring to a Personalised Self-management SUPport Programme (P-SUP) for persons enrolled in a disease management programme for type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or for coronary heart disease
Creators: name: Konerding, Uwe
name: Redaèlli, Marcus
name: Ackermann, Karolin
name: Altin, Sibel
name: Appelbaum, Sebastian
name: Biallas, Bianca
name: Bödecker, August-Wilhelm
name: Botzenhardt, Suzan
name: Chermette, Chloé
name: Cichocki, Martin
name: Dapper, Iris
name: Dehnen, Katja
name: Funke, Christian
name: Gawlik, Angeli
name: Giesen, Lisa
name: Goetz, Johannes
name: Graf, Christian
name: Hagen, Bernd
name: Heßbrügge, Martina
name: Höhne, Phillip Hendrick
name: Kleinert, Jens
name: Könnecke, Helene
name: Küppers, Lucas
name: Kuth, Nicole
name: Lehmann, Lion
name: Lendt, Claas
name: Majjouti, Khalid
name: Nacak, Yeliz
name: Neuhausen, Aliza
name: Pilic, Larisa
name: Schneider, Lara
name: Scholl, Maximilian
name: Simic, Dusan
name: Sönnichsen, Andreas
name: Thielmann, Anika
name: Van der Arend, Ines
name: Vitinius, Frank
name: Weltermann, Birgitta
name: Wild, Dorothea
name: Wilm, Stefan
name: Stock, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Modified GLTEQ.
Charge transport across metal/molecular (alkyl) monolayer-Si junctions is dominated by the LUMO level
Creators: name: Yaffe, Omer
name: Qi, Yabing
name: Segev, Lior
name: Scheres, Luc
name: Puniredd, Sreenivasa Reddy
name: Ely, Tal
name: Haick, Hossam
name: Zuilhof, Han
name: Kronik, Leeor
name: Kahn, Antoine
name: Vilan, Ayelet
name: Cahen, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the charge transport characteristics of heavy doped p- and n-Si-alkyl chain/Hg junctions. Photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS, IPES and XPS) results for the molecule-Si band alignment at equilibrium show the Fermi level to LUMO energy difference to be much smaller than the corresponding Fermi level to HOMO one. This result supports the conclusion we reach, based on negative differential resistance in an analogous semiconductor-inorganic insulator/metal junction, that for both p- and n-type junctions the energy difference between the Fermi level and LUMO, i.e., electron tunneling, controls charge transport. The Fermi level-LUMO energy difference, experimentally determined by IPES, agrees with the non-resonant tunneling barrier height deduced from the exponential length-attenuation of the current.
Excitation spectrum and high energy plasmons in single- and multi-layer graphene
Creators: name: Yuan, Shengjun
name: Roldán, Rafael
name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the excitation spectrum of single- and multi-layer graphene beyond the Dirac cone approximation. The dynamical polarizability of graphene is computed using a full $π$-band tight-binding model, considering the possibility of inter-layer hopping in the calculation. The effect of electron-electron interaction is considered within the random phase approximation. We further discuss the effect of disorder in the spectrum, which leads to a smearing of the absorption peaks. Our results show a redshift of the $π$-plasmon dispersion of single-layer graphene with respect to graphite, in agreement with experimental results. The inclusion of inter-layer hopping in the kinetic Hamiltonian of multi-layer graphene is found to be very important to properly capture the low energy region of the excitation spectrum.
description: Final version appeared in PRB
Thermodynamic transition associated with irregularly ordered ground states in a lattice gas model
Creators: name: Sasa, Shin-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two-dimensional lattice gas model is proposed. The ground state of this model with a fixed density is neither periodic nor quasi-periodic. It also depends on system size in an irregular manner. On the other hand, it is ordered in the sense that the entropy density is zero in the thermodynamic limit. The existence of a thermodynamic transition associated with such irregularly ordered ground states is conjectured from a duality relation for a thermodynamic function. This conjecture is supported by a phenomenological argument and numerical experiments.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures. A slightly revised version with adding one reference (ver. 2). The version 3, in which the presentation has been revised, has been published in J. Phys. A
Classification of Hypercylindrical Spacetimes with Momentum Flow
Creators: name: Kim, Hyeong-Chan
name: Kang, Gungwon
name: Lee, Jungjai
name: Lee, Youngone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the five-dimensional spacetimes whose four-dimensional sections are static, spherically symmetric ($SO(3)$) and flat asymptotically, we study the behavior of Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass, tension and momentum densities characterizing such asymptotically hypercylindrical metrics under boosts along the cylindrical axis. For such stringlike metrics two boost-invariant quantities are found, which are a sort of "string rest mass-squared" and the sum of mass and tension densities. Analogous to the case of a moving point particle, we show that the asymptotically hypercylindrical geometries can be classified into three types depending on the value of the "string rest mass-squared", namely, "ordinary string", "null string" and "tachyonlike string" geometries. This asymptotic analysis shows that the extraordinary metrics reported recently by some of the authors belong to the tachyonlike string. Consequently, it is likely that such extraordinary solutions are the final states of tachyonic matter collapse. We also report two new vacuum solutions which belong to the null string and the tachyonlike string, respectively.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures