Temnothorax longinoi Prebus 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Temnothorax
Temnothorax longinoi

description: <i>Temnothorax longinoi</i> sp. nov. Distribution: Fig. 153E; worker, gyne &amp; male: Fig. 158; variability: Fig. 159. <i>Temnothorax salvini</i> (Forel): <i>Prebus, 2017</i>: 7 (misidentification). In phylogeny. <i>Temnothorax salvini</i> grp 5, <i>Prebus, 2021</i>: 12. In phylogeny. <b>Type material examined:</b> <i>Holotype worker:</i> NICARAGUA: Nueva Segovia: 14 km NNE Ocotal, 13.75412 <i> °</i> N 86.42565 <i> °</i> W ± 20 m, 1,860 m, 24 April 2011, J. Longino #JTL7413, low 2nd growth vegetation, nest in dead stem (CASENT0758892) [CASC]. <i>Paratype workers, male, and gyne:</i> same data as holotype, 1 worker (CASENT0758893) [CASC] 1 worker (CASENT0619621) [USNM] 1 male (CASENT0758894) [CASC] 1 male (CASENT0619355) [UCDC] 1 alate gyne (CASENT0619354) [CASC]. <b>Non-type material examined:</b> GUATEMALA: Zacapa: 2 km SE La Unión, 14.94654 <i> °</i> N 89.27600 <i> °</i> W ± 105 m, 1,550 m, 13 May 2009, LLAMA#Go-B-03-1-03, cloud forest, beating vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0614501) [UCDC]; same data as previous, except: 14.95359 <i> °</i> N 89.27686 <i> °</i> W ± 108 m, 1,430 m, LLAMA#Go-B-03-2-05, 1 worker (CASENT0614503) [JTLC] 1 worker (CASENT0758695) [UCDC]. HONDURAS: Comayagua: 9 km E Comayagua, 14.44776 <i> °</i> N 87.55019 <i> °</i> W ± 60 m, 1,740 m, 17 May 2010, LLAMA#Ba-C-03-3-03-09, secondary pine-oak-liquidambar forest, at bait, 1 worker (CASENT0616341) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 14.45971 <i> °</i> N 87.54623 <i> °</i> W ± 4 km, 1,990 m, 17 May 2010, B. Boudinot #BEB178, mesophyll forest, on vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0615769) [JTLC] 1 worker (CASENT0615770) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 10 km E Comayagua, 14.45971 <i> °</i> N 87.54623 <i> °</i> W ± 100 m, 1,980 m, 16 May 2010, LLAMA#Go-C-03-1-01, cloud forest, beating vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0615344) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 14.45975 <i> °</i> N 87.5460 <i> °</i> W ± 20 m, 2,000 m, 15 May 2010, LLAMA#Wa-C-03-1-03, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (CASENT0615331) [UCDC]; same data as previous, except: 14.46049 <i> °</i> N 87.54481 <i> °</i> W ± 20 m, 2,000 m, 15 May 2010, LLAMA#Wa-C-03-1-39, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 dealate gyne (CASENT0615339) [JTLC]; Francisco Morazán: Reserva Biologia El Chile, 14.35174 <i> °</i> N 86.84488 <i> °</i> W ± 30 m, 1,500 m, 14 May 2009, R. Anderson # RSA 2009-030, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (CASENT0611710) [UCDC]; Olancho: 10 km N Catacamas, 14.94402 <i> °</i> N 85.91081 <i> °</i> W ± 75 m, 1,670 m, 9 May 2010, LLAMA#Go-C-02-1-02, cloud forest, beating vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0614144) [UCDC] 1 worker (CASENT0614145) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 14.94204 <i> °</i> N 85.90979 <i> °</i> W ± 50 m, 1,590 m, 9 May 2010, LLAMA#Go-C-02-1-03, cloud forest, beating vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0614146) [JTLC]; 11 km N Catacamas, 14.94838 <i> °</i> N 85.91439 <i> °</i> W ± 4 km, 2,000 m, 16 May 2010, B.E. Boudinot #BEB000164, 1 worker (TESC000008211) [UCDC] 1 worker (TESC000008213) [UCDC]; Parque Nacional La Muralla, 15.09658 <i> °</i> N 86.74526 <i> °</i> W ± 100 m, 1,450 m, 5 May 2010, LLAMA#Go-C-01-3-02, pine-mesophyll forest, beating vegetation, 1 dealate gyne (CASENT0615048) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 15.09685 <i> °</i> N 86.73290 <i> °</i> W ± 100 m, 1,630 m, 5 May 2010, LLAMA#Go-C- 01-3-03, cloud forest w/pine, beating vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0758696) [UCDC]; same data as previous, except: 15.09578 <i> °</i> N 86.73738 <i> °</i> W ± 50 m, 1,450 m, 2 May 2010, P.S. Ward #16325, montane rainforest edge, ex dead twig of vine, 1 worker (CASENT0758331) [UCDC] 1 worker (CASENT0625203) [UCDC]; same data as previous, except: P.S. Ward #16326-02, on low vegetation, montane rainforest edge, 1 worker (CASENT0915982) [UCDC]; same data as previous, except: 15.09715 <i> °</i> N 86.73859 <i> °</i> W ± 50 m, 1,470 m, 2 May 2010, P.S. Ward #16329-03, on low vegetation, montane rainforest edge, 2 workers (CASENT0758353) [UCDC]; same data as previous, except: 15.09965 <i> °</i> N 86.74072 <i> °</i> W ± 20 m, 1,530 m, 2 May 2010, LLAMA#Wa-C-01-1-36, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (CASENT0615009) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 15.09683 <i> °</i> N 86.73008 <i> °</i> W ± 30 m, 1,550 m, 3 May 2010, P.S. Ward #16337, ex dead twig, montane rainforest, 2 workers (CASENT0758332) [UCDC] 1 dealate gyne, 2 workers (CASENT0758354) [UCDC] 1 worker (CASENT0625204) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 15.09721 <i> °</i> N 86.73840 <i> °</i> W ± 30 m, 1,480 m, 4 May 2010, J. Longino #JTL6970, cloud forest clearing, forager, 1 worker (CASENT0615578) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 15.09557 <i> °</i> N 86.73859 <i> °</i> W ± 1 km, 1,500 m, 6 May 2010, B. Boudinot #BEB174, cloud forest, 1 worker (CASENT0615716) [JTLC]; Tegucigalpa: Parque Nacional La Tigra, 1,770 m, 24 May 1993, Rifkind &amp; Gum, cloud forest, 1 worker (LACMENT323458) [LACM]. NICARAGUA: Nueva Segovia: 14 km NNE Ocotal, 13.75412 <i> °</i> N 86.42565 <i> °</i> W ± 20 m, 1,860 m, 24 April 2011, J. Longino #7413, low second growth vegetation, nest in dead stem, 1 worker (CASENT0619621) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 13.75449 <i> °</i> N 86.42272 <i> °</i> W ± 500 m, 1,945 m, 24 April 2011, J. Longino #JTL7417.1, pasture/cloud forest edge, strays, 1 worker (CASENT0619360) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 13.98118 <i> °</i> N 86.18879 <i> °</i> W ± 10 m, 1,625 m, 28 May 2011, LLAMA#Wa-D-06-1-12, oak cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (CASENT0629286) [JTLC]; Jinotega: RN Datanlí el Diablo, 13.10474 <i> °</i> N 85.86748 <i> °</i> W ± 10 m, 1,400 m, 18 May 2011, LLAMA#Wa-D-04-2- 32, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (CASENT0629203) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: 13.10394 <i> °</i> N 85.86829 <i> °</i> W ± 10 m, 1,400 m, 18 May 2011, LLAMA#Wa-D- 04-2-07, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (CASENT0629194) [JTLC]; RN Cerro Kilambé, 1357023 <i> °</i> N 85.69737 <i> °</i> W ± 20 m, 1,500 m, 23 May 2011, LLAMA#Wa-D-05-1- 25, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (CASENT0629233) [JTLC]; 13.98068 <i> °</i> N 86.18874 <i> °</i> W ± 100 m, 1,500 m, 24 May 2011, LLAMA#Go-D-06-1-01, cloud forest, beating vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0732601) [UCDC]; same data as previous, except: 13.56751 <i> °</i> N 85.69672 <i> °</i> W ± 100 m, 1,430 m, 25 May 2011, LLAMA#Go-D-05-4-02, cloud forest, beating vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0629261) [JTLC]. <b>Geographic range:</b> Mid-to-high elevations, Guatemala to Nicaragua (Fig. 153E). <b>Worker diagnosis:</b> <i>Temnothorax longinoi</i> sp. nov. can be separated from all other species in the <i>salvini</i> clade by the following character combination: dorsum of mesosoma flat; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum not strongly depressed below the level of the promesonotum; propodeal spines straight and about as long as the propodeal declivity; subpetiolar tooth small long and acute: longer than the setae that arise from the peduncle directly above; petiolar node weakly squamiform: in dorsal view, petiolar node less than or equal to 1.6 times as broad as caudal cylinder; setae on head, mesosoma, legs, waist segments and gaster erect to suberect, long, abundant and tapering; integument uniformly dark brown to weakly bicolored; bicolored form with clypeus, mandibles, mesosoma, and waist segments testaceous brown. <b>Similar species:</b> Fellow members of the <i>salvini</i> group. <i>Temnothorax longinoi</i> sp. nov. can be separated from other members of the <i>salvini</i> group by the weakly squamiform petiolar node (petiolar node more than or equal to 1.6 times as broad as the caudal cylinder in <i>T. aztecus, T. aztecoides</i> sp. nov., <i>T. longicaulis</i> stat. nov., nom. nov., and <i>T. paraztecus</i> sp. nov.), relatively large subpetiolar tooth (shorter than the setae that arises from the dorsum of the petiolar peduncle directly above it in <i>T. quetzal</i> sp. nov., <i>T. fortispinosus</i> sp. nov., <i>T. parvidentatus</i> sp. nov., and <i>T. salvini</i>), and short propodeal spines (as long as or longer than the propodeal declivity in <i>T. quetzal</i> sp. nov., <i>T. aztecoides</i> sp. nov., and <i>T. aztecus</i>). <b> Worker measurements &amp; indices (<i>n</i> = 18):</b> SL = 0.738 –0.869 (0.814); FRS = 0.247 –0.292 (0.270); CW = 0.795 –0.933 (0.876); CWb = 0.703 –0.834 (0.783); PoOC = 0.310 –0.358 (0.333); CL = 0.782 –0.927 (0.874); EL = 0.189 –0.244 (0.228); EW = 0.142 –0.169 (0.158); MD = 0.178 –0.249 (0.204); WL = 1.012 –1.281 (1.164); SPST = 0.267 –0.355 (0.325); MPST = 0.293 –0.359 (0.332); PEL = 0.359 –0.477 (0.433); NOL = 0.217 –0.291 (0.260); NOH = 0.118 –0.188 (0.159); PEH = 0.230 –0.309 (0.272); PPL = 0.185 –0.252 (0.224); PPH = 0.223 –0.307 (0.275); PW = 0.469 –0.606 (0.549); SBPA = 0.180 –0.264 (0.230); SPTI = 0.216 –0.306 (0.268); PEW = 0.145 –0.193 (0.177); PNW = 0.208 –0.301 (0.262); PPW = 0.234 –0.330 (0.288); HFL = 0.808 –0.999 (0.930); HFWmax = 0.160 –0.217 (0.185); HFWmin = 0.050 –0.071 (0.063); CS = 1.103 –1.298 (1.220); ES = 0.262 –0.321 (0.307); SI = 99–109 (104); OI = 24–27 (25); CI = 84–94 (90); WLI = 142–157 (149); SBI = 25–33 (29); PSI = 26–31 (28); PWI = 152–176 (163); PLI = 166–216 (194); NI = 139–198 (165); PNWI = 141–161 (148); NLI = 53–64 (60); FI = 262–326 (294). <b>Worker description:</b> In full-face view, head subquadrate, longer than broad (CI 84–94). Antennal scapes very long: when fully retracted, surpassing the posterior margin of the head capsule by about three times the maximum width of the antennal scape (SI 99–109). Antennae 12-segmented; antennal club of composed of three segments, with the apical-most segment about as long as the preceding two in combination. Frontal carinae short: extending past the antennal toruli by about one and a half times the maximum width of the antennal scape. Compound eyes moderately protruding past the lateral margins of the head capsule. Lateral margin of head weakly convex, forming a continuous arc from the mandibular insertions to the posterior margin of the head. Posterior head margin weakly concave medially but rounding evenly into the lateral margins. In profile view, compound eyes ovular and moderately large (OI 24–27), with 14 ommatidia in longest row. Pronotal declivity indistinct, neck and anterior face of pronotum forming a ~110 <i> °</i> angle. Mesosoma very weakly sinuate: promesonotum weakly convex from where it joins the pronotal neck to the weakly impressed mesometanotal sulcus; metanotum weakly convex; propodeum slightly depressed below the mesonotum, and flat to the base of the propodeal spines. Promesonotal suture extending from the posterior margin of the procoxal insertion to the mesothoracic spiracle, which is well developed, then continuing dorsally as a weak sulcus. Metanotal groove visible as a disruption of the sculpture laterally from where it arises between the mid- and hind coxae to the poorly developed metathoracic spiracle, which is nearly indistinguishable against the ground sculpture; continuing dorsally as a faint impression to the anterior margin of the metanotum. Propodeal spiracle well developed, directed posterolaterally, and separated from the propodeal declivity by about four spiracle diameters. Propodeal spines moderately well developed and moderately long (PSI 26–31), about as long as the propodeal declivity, flared at the base, straight, and acute. Propodeal declivity flat, forming a rounded ~120 <i> °</i> angle with the base of the propodeal spines. Propodeal lobes rounded and weakly developed. Metapleural gland bulla moderately large, extending from the metacoxal insertion two thirds of the way to the propodeal spiracle. Petiole moderately long (PLI 166–216), without tubercles anterodorsally. Subpetiolar process in the form of a moderately long, anteriorly curved, acute spiniform tooth; ventral margin of petiole weakly bulging posterior to it. Petiolar peduncle moderately long: comprising about half of the total length of the petiole. Petiolar node erect and rounded dorsally: transition between peduncle and node marked by a rounded angle of ~140 <i> °</i> , resulting in a weakly concave anterior node face; anterior face rounding evenly into the dorsal face, which is evenly convex; dorsal face rounding evenly into the posterior face, which forms a ~100 <i> °</i> angle with the caudal cylinder. Postpetiole evenly rounded anterodorsally, bulging before flattening posterodorsally; concave ventrally. In dorsal view, humeri developed and distinct: evenly rounded and wider than the rest of the mesosoma; mesothoracic spiracles weakly protruding past the lateral margins of the mesosoma, visible as slight angles where the pronotum meets the mesonotum. Promesonotal suture visible as a faint sulcus and disruption in the ground sculpture. Metanotum delineated anteriorly and posteriorly by weak sulci and disruption in the ground sculpture. Propodeal spines narrowly approximated basally and diverging apically, their apices separated from each other by about their length, the negative space between them “U” shaped. Petiolar peduncle with spiracles protruding past the lateral margins, but not noticeably constricted anterior to them. Petiolar node, when viewed posterodorsally, rounded-trapezoidal and weakly squamiform: about one and a half times as broad apically as the base; node broader than the peduncle and the caudal cylinder. Postpetiole narrow (PWI 152–176) and subquadrate. Anterior margin of the postpetiole flat but evenly rounding into the lateral margins; lateral margins parallel to each other; posterior corners angulate; posterior margin flat. Metafemur moderately to strongly incrassate (FI 262–326). Sculpture: median clypeal carina present but indistinct, extending posteriorly nearly to the frontal triangle, and flanked on either side by three indistinct carinae. Lateral clypeal lobes with additional, weaker carinae; ground sculpture weakly areolate. Antennal scapes finely areolate. Cephalic dorsum finely areolate, with predominantly rugose-costate sculpture overlying the ground sculpture; concentric costulae surrounding the base of the antennal insertions. Lateral surfaces of head sculptured similarly to the dorsum. Ventral surface of head shining, with shallow areolae, and weak costulae. Pronotal neck areolate. Lateral face of pronotum weakly areolate, with coarse costae. Lateral face of pronotum, meso- and metapleuron coarsely rugose over areolate sculpture. Propodeal declivity weakly areolate, with strigulae. Dorsal surface of mesosoma weakly areolate, with costate sculpture overlying the ground sculpture, becoming rugose on the pronotum and propodeum. Femora shallowly areolate. Dorsum of the petiolar peduncle, anterior, dorsal and posterior faces of the petiolar node, and base of the lateral face of the node weakly areolate; otherwise shining. Postpetiole with lateral faces and posterodorsal quarter shallowly areolate; otherwise shining. First gastral tergite and sternite smooth and shining, with weak spectral iridescence. Setae: antennal scapes and funiculi with moderately long, subdecumbent pilosity. Dorsum of the head, pronotum, waist segments, and gaster with abundant, suberect, tapering, flexuous setae, the longest of which are slightly longer than the length of the compound eye and are directed toward the midline of the body. The head bears&gt; 80, mesosoma ~80, petiole 22, postpetiole ~30, and first gastral tergite&gt; 80 setae. Pubescence present over the entire body, which is nearly as long as the setae. Color: head and mesosoma predominantly testaceous brown. Dorsum of head, postpetiole and first gastral sclerites dark brown. Mandibles, tarsi, basal two thirds of remaining gastral sclerites, and sting testaceous yellow. <b> Gyne measurements &amp; indices (<i>n</i> = 2):</b> SL = 0.770 –0.819 (0.795); FRS = 0.291 –0.298 (0.295); CW = 0.974 –1.001 (0.988); CWb = 0.873 –0.879 (0.876); PoOC = 0.326 –0.348 (0.337); CL = 0.907 –0.917 (0.912); EL = 0.271 –0.281 (0.276); EW = 0.199 –0.205 (0.202); MD = 0.210 –0.212 (0.211); WL = 1.646 –1.704 (1.675); SPST = 0.343 –0.377 (0.360); MPST = 0.424 –0.440 (0.432); PEL = 0.541 –0.598 (0.570); NOL = 0.304 –0.333 (0.319); NOH = 0.204 –0.208 (0.206); PEH = 0.353 –0.395 (0.374); PPL = 0.281 –0.292 (0.287); PPH = 0.417 –0.439 (0.428); PW = 0.922 –1.006 (0.964); SBPA = 0.430 –0.447 (0.439); SPTI = 0.401 –0.429 (0.415); PEW = 0.238 –0.240 (0.239); PNW = 0.345 –0.394 (0.370); PPW = 0.412 –0.515 (0.464); HFL = 1.033 –1.043 (1.038); HFWmax = 0.181 –0.187 (0.184); HFWmin = 0.063 –0.077 (0.070); CS = 1.332 –1.333 (1.332); ES = 0.371 –0.384 (0.377); SI = 88–94 (91); OI = 28–29 (28); CI = 95–97 (96); WLI = 187–195 (191); SBI = 49–51 (50); PSI = 20–23 (22); PWI = 172–216 (194); PLI = 193–205 (199); NI = 149–160 (155); PNWI = 144–166 (155); NLI = 56–56 (56); FI = 243–287 (265). <b>Gyne description:</b> In full-face view, head subquadrate, slightly longer than broad (CI 95–97). Mandibles weakly striate, shining and armed with five teeth: the apical-most well developed, followed by a less developed preapical tooth and three equally developed smaller teeth. Anterior clypeal margin flat medially. Antennal scapes very long: surpassing the posterior margin of the head capsule by about two times the maximum width of the antennal scape (SI 88–94). Antennae 12-segmented; antennal club composed of three segments, with the apical-most segment as long as the preceding two in combination. Frontal carinae moderately long: extending past the antennal toruli by about two times the maximum width of the antennal scape. Compound eyes moderately protruding past the lateral margins of the head capsule. Lateral margin of head evenly convex, converging from below the compound eyes to the mandibular insertions. Posterior head margin weakly concave but rounding evenly into the lateral margins. In profile view, compound eyes ovular and moderately large (OI 28–29), with 20 ommatidia in longest row. Mesoscutum rounded evenly anteriorly, not fully covering the dorsal surface of the pronotum, and flat dorsally. Mesoscutellum on the same plane as the mesoscutum, but rounded posteriorly. Posterior margin of metanotum extending slightly beyond the posterior margin of the mesoscutum. Propodeal spiracle well developed, directed posterolaterally, and separated from the propodeal declivity by about four spiracle diameters. Propodeal spines stout and well developed, but short (PSI 20–23), about as two thirds as long as the propodeal declivity, tapering evenly from the base, directed posteriorly, straight, and acute. Propodeal declivity weakly concave, forming a rounded ~110 <i> °</i>
description: Published as part of <i>Prebus, Matthew M., 2021, Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax, pp. 1-462 in PeerJ (e 11514) (e 11514) 9</i> on pages 387-396, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11514, http://zenodo.org/record/5102026
description: {"references": ["Prebus M. 2017. Insights into the evolution, biogeography and natural history of the acorn ants, genus Temnothorax Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (1): 250 DOI 10.1186 / s 12862 - 017 - 1095 - 8.", "Prebus M. 2021. Phylogenomic species delimitation in the ants of the Temnothorax salvini group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): an integrative approach. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 307 - 326 DOI 10.1111 / syen. 12463."]}