cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observation of ~100% valley-coherent excitons in monolayer MoS2 through giant enhancement of valley coherence time
Creators: name: Gupta, Garima
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Majumdar, Kausik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors, valley coherence degrades rapidly due to a combination of fast scattering and inter-valley exchange interaction. This leads to a sub-picosecond valley coherence time, making coherent manipulation of exciton a highly challenging task. Using monolayer MoS2 sandwiched between top and bottom graphene, here we demonstrate fully valley coherent excitons by observing ~100% degree of linear polarization in steady state photoluminescence. This is achieved in this unique design through a combined effect of (a) suppression in exchange interaction due to enhanced dielectric screening, (b) reduction in exciton lifetime due to a fast inter-layer transfer to graphene, and (c) operating in the motional narrowing regime. We disentangle the role of the key parameters affecting valley coherence by using a combination of calculation (solutions of Bethe-Salpeter and Maialle-Silva-Sham equations) and a careful choice of design of experiments using four different stacks with systematic variation of screening and exciton lifetime. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which the excitons are found to be valley coherent in the entire lifetime in monolayer semiconductors, allowing optical readout of valley coherence possible.
Characterisation, cross-dressers, and castrated men in late antique hagiography
Creators: name: Mylonas, Natalie
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: In the late antique Christian milieu, in which holiness and masculinity were virtually synonymous, the notion of the holy woman presented a paradox. Nowhere is this paradox more evident than in the vitae of the cross-dressing saints, which detail the stories of women who live their lives disguised as eunuchs in their pursuit of chastity and holiness. This study draws on recent work in literary criticism and narratology to analyse the techniques used to develop the characterisation of the cross-dressing saints commemorated in the Coptic Synaxarion and to assess the impact of focalisation in this process. Particular attention is afforded to the heroines’ gendered characterisation and the use of the eunuch in this characterisation. This study calls into question the claims of previous scholars, who argue that the eunuch identification has the same function in every vita. Significantly, it reveals that the figure of the eunuch does not have equal prominence in every vita, nor can it be claimed that it functions to inform each heroine in the same way. Rather, the eunuch assumes a unique significance with regards to each heroine.
Electron electric dipole moment in Inverse Seesaw models
Creators: name: Abada, Asmaa
name: Toma, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the contribution of sterile neutrinos to the electric dipole moment of charged leptons in the most minimal realisation of the Inverse Seesaw mechanism, in which the Standard Model is extended by two right-handed neutrinos and two sterile fermion states. Our study shows that the two pairs of (heavy) pseudo-Dirac mass eigenstates can give significant contributions to the electron electric dipole moment, lying close to future experimental sensitivity if their masses are above the electroweak scale. The major contribution comes from two-loop diagrams with pseudo-Dirac neutrino states running in the loops. In our analysis we further discuss the possibility of having a successful leptogenesis in this framework, compatible with a large electron electric dipole moment.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, minor changes, one appendix added, version accepted in JHEP
Vector Symbolic Architectures as a Computing Framework for Emerging Hardware
Creators: name: Kleyko, Denis
name: Davies, Mike
name: Frady, E. Paxon
name: Kanerva, Pentti
name: Kent, Spencer J.
name: Olshausen, Bruno A.
name: Osipov, Evgeny
name: Rabaey, Jan M.
name: Rachkovskij, Dmitri A.
name: Rahimi, Abbas
name: Sommer, Friedrich T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article reviews recent progress in the development of the computing framework vector symbolic architectures (VSA) (also known as hyperdimensional computing). This framework is well suited for implementation in stochastic, emerging hardware, and it naturally expresses the types of cognitive operations required for artificial intelligence (AI). We demonstrate in this article that the field-like algebraic structure of VSA offers simple but powerful operations on high-dimensional vectors that can support all data structures and manipulations relevant to modern computing. In addition, we illustrate the distinguishing feature of VSA, "computing in superposition," which sets it apart from conventional computing. It also opens the door to efficient solutions to the difficult combinatorial search problems inherent in AI applications. We sketch ways of demonstrating that VSA are computationally universal. We see them acting as a framework for computing with distributed representations that can play a role of an abstraction layer for emerging computing hardware. This article serves as a reference for computer architects by illustrating the philosophy behind VSA, techniques of distributed computing with them, and their relevance to emerging computing hardware, such as neuromorphic computing.
description: 31 pages, 15 figures, 4 Tables
Zoomed cosmological simulations of Milky Way sized halos in f(R)-gravity
Creators: name: Arnold, Christian
name: Springel, Volker
name: Puchwein, Ewald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of f(R) modified gravity on the internal properties of Milky Way sized dark matter halos in a set of cosmological zoom simulations of seven halos from the Aquarius suite, carried out with our code MG-GADGET in the Hu & Sawicki f(R) model. Also, we calculate the fifth forces in ideal NFW-halos as well as in our cosmological simulations and compare them against analytic model predictions for the fifth force inside spherical objects. We find that these theoretical predictions match the forces in the ideal halos very well, whereas their applicability is somewhat limited for realistic cosmological halos. Our simulations show that f(R) gravity significantly affects the dark matter density profile of Milky Way sized objects as well as their circular velocities. In unscreened regions, the velocity dispersions are increased by up to 40% with respect to LCDM for viable f(R) models. This difference is larger than reported in previous works. The Solar circle is fully screened in $f_{R0} = -10^{-6}$ models for Milky Way sized halos, while this location is unscreened for slightly less massive objects. Within the scope of our limited halo sample size, we do not find a clear dependence of the concentration parameter of dark matter halos on $f_{R0}$.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, published in MNRAS
title: Reliabilität der radiologischen Analyse des tibiotalaren Alignments nach Sprunggelenksarthrodese
Creators: name: Willegger, Madeleine
name: Holinka, Johannes
name: Nemecek, Elena
name: Wanivenhaus, Axel Hugo
name: Windhager, Reinhard
name: Schuh, Reinhard
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Reproduzierbarkeit
subject: tibiotalarer Winkel
subject: Sprunggelenk
subject: Arthrodese
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Pedobarographische und klinische Studien haben gezeigt, dass die sagittale und frontale Ausrichtung der oberen Sprunggelenks (OSG) Arthrodese für den klinischen Erfolg und die Zufriedenheit des Patienten ausschlaggebend ist. Im radiologischen Verlauf kann der tibiotalare Winkel, [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2016)
title: Durchführung der Periazetabulären Umstellungsosteotomie durch den Pararectus Zugang unter Kontrolle eines Navigationssystems – Eine präliminäre Kadaverstudie
Creators: name: Ecker, Timo Michael
name: Bastian, Johannes
name: Liu, Li
name: Zheng, Guoyan
name: Tannast, Moritz
name: Keel, Marius
name: Siebenrock, Klaus-Arno
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: PAO
subject: Pararectus Zugang
subject: Navigation
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Der Pararectus Zugang wurde zur operativen Versorgung von Azetabulumfrakturen entwickelt und validiert. Der Vorderpfeiler, die quadrilaterale Fläche und der Dom lassen sich sehr gut darstellen. Der Pararectus Zugang kann somit auch als Alternativ Zugang für die Periazetabuläre[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2016)
Performance of $b$-Jet Identification in the ATLAS Experiment
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The identification of jets containing $b$ hadrons is important for the physics programme of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Several algorithms to identify jets containing $b$ hadrons are described, ranging from those based on the reconstruction of an inclusive secondary vertex or the presence of tracks with large impact parameters to combined tagging algorithms making use of multi-variate discriminants. An independent $b$-tagging algorithm based on the reconstruction of muons inside jets as well as the $b$-tagging algorithm used in the online trigger are also presented.The $b$-jet tagging efficiency, the $c$-jet tagging efficiency and the mistag rate for light flavour jets in data have been measured with a number of complementary methods. The calibration results are presented as scale factors defined as the ratio of the efficiency (or mistag rate) in data to that in simulation. In the case of $b$ jets, where more than one calibration method exists, the results from the various analyses have been combined taking into account the statistical correlation as well as the correlation of the sources of systematic uncertainty.
description: 111 pages plus author list + cover page (128 pages total), 55 figures, 17 tables, submitted to JINST, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/PERF-2012-04/
Cu(II)-Promoted the Chemical Synthesis of New Azines-Based Naphthalene Scaffold as In Vitro Potent Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative Activity
Creators: name: Eliwa, Essam M.
name: Elgammal, Walid E.
name: Belal, Amany
name: Abourehab, Mohammed A. S.
name: El-Gilil, Shimaa M. Abd
name: Mehany, Ahmed B. M.
name: Elhagali, Gameel A. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Herein, synthesis of new designated azines-based naphthalene scaffold (3a–10) was assisted by CuCl2.2H2O for the first time. Their biological screening manifested that azines 3a, 4, 7, 9, and 10 exhibit effectual mushroom tyrosinase inhibition with IC50 values within the ambit of 3.75–12.36 µM. Mostly, azines 4 and 9 demonstrated about four-fold enhancement in the activity (IC50 = 3.91 ± 0.16, 3.75 ± 0.15 µM, respectively) comparable to the kojic acid (IC50 = 16.86 ± 0.84 µM). Molecular docking of azines 4 and 9 against mushroom tyrosinase (2Y9X) proved the significant rule of isatin moiety (4) in hydrogen bonding, the importance of 4-dimethylamino styryl unit (9) in hydrophobic interactions, and the overall findings confirmed the momentousness of azine group (N–N) and naphthalene scaffold in the interactions with the histidine key residues of the tyrosinase binding pocket. Evaluation of antiproliferative activity indicated that, azine 4 was the most potent one against both MCF-7 and HCT116 with IC50 values of 4.35 ± 0.18 and 2.41 ± 0.12 µM, respectively. Whereas 9 was the most robust azine toward HepG2 with an IC50 value of 2.19 ± 0.12 µM. Exhaustively, azines 4 and 9 could be promising biomedical lead candidates.
Conjugacy classes of autohomeomorphisms of $\mathbb{N}^*$
Creators: name: Hart, Klaas Pieter
name: van Mill, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54D40 (Primary) 03E50, 54A35, 54C10 (Secondary)

description: We present some problems related to the conjugacy classes of $\mathsf{Aut}(\mathbb{N}^*)$.
Rashba-type Spin-orbit Coupling in Bilayer Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Su, S. -W.
name: Gou, S. -C.
name: Sun, Q.
name: Wen, L.
name: Liu, W. -M.
name: Ji, A. -C.
name: Ruseckas, J.
name: Juzeliunas, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a new way of producing the Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) for ultracold atoms by using a two-component (spinor) atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) confined in a bilayer geometry. The SOC of the Rashba type is created if the atoms pick up a π phase after completing a cyclic transition between four combined spin-layer states composed of two spin and two layer states. The cyclic coupling of the spin-layer states is carried out by combining an intralayer Raman coupling and an interlayer laser assisted tunneling. We theoretically determine the ground-state phases of the spin-orbit-coupled BEC for various strengths of the atom-atom interaction and the laser-assisted coupling. It is shown that the bilayer scheme provides a diverse ground-state phase diagram. In an intermediate range of the atom-light coupling two interlacing lattices of half- skyrmions and half-antiskyrmions are spontaneously created. In the strong-coupling regime, where the SOC of the Rashba-type is formed, the ground state represents plane-wave or standing-wave phases depending on the interaction between the atoms. A variational analysis is shown to be in a good agreement with the numerical results.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Theologische Erwägungen zur Bulle "Munificentissimus Deus"
Creators: name: Ternus, Joseph
Publisher: name: Scholastik
Year: 1970

description: Scholastik, Bd. 26 Nr. 1 (1951): Scholastik. Vierteljahresschrift für Theologie und Philosophie, Band 26, Heft 1
Enumeration and Identification of Unique 3D Spatial Topologies of Interconnected Engineering Systems Using Spatial Graphs
Creators: name: Peddada, Satya R. T.
name: Dunfield, Nathan M.
name: Zeidner, Lawrence E.
name: Givans, Zane R.
name: James, Kai A.
name: Allison, James T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: J.6; J.2
subject: 57K12 (Primary) 57K14 (Secondary)

description: Systematic enumeration and identification of unique 3D spatial topologies of complex engineering systems (such as automotive cooling systems, electric power trains, satellites, and aero-engines) are essential to navigation of these expansive design spaces with the goal of identifying new spatial configurations that can satisfy challenging system requirements. However, efficient navigation through discrete 3D spatial topology (ST) options is a very challenging problem due to its combinatorial nature and can quickly exceed human cognitive abilities at even moderate complexity levels. This article presents a new, efficient, and scalable design framework that leverages mathematical spatial graph theory to represent, enumerate, and identify distinctive 3D topological classes for a generic 3D engineering system, given its system architecture (SA) -- its components and their interconnections. First, spatial graph diagrams (SGDs) are generated for a given SA from zero to a specified maximum number of interconnect crossings. Then, corresponding Yamada polynomials for all the planar SGDs are generated. SGDs are categorized into topological classes, each of which shares a unique Yamada polynomial. Finally, within each topological class, 3D geometric models are generated using the spatial graph diagrams (SGDs) having different numbers of interconnect crossings. Selected case studies are presented to illustrate the different features of our proposed framework, including an industrial engineering design application: ST enumeration of a 3D automotive fuel cell cooling system (AFCS). Design guidelines are also provided for practicing engineers to aid the application of this framework to different types of real-world problems such as configuration design and spatial packaging optimization.
description: 34 pages, 17 figures. V1 appeared in Proceedings of the ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences; V2 is the journal version
Changing the Academic Gender Narrative through Open Access
Creators: name: Wilson, Catherine
name: Huang, CK
name: Montgomery, L
name: Neylon, C
name: Handcock, RN
name: Ozaygen, A
name: Roelofs, A
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In this article, we ask whether dominant narratives of gender and performance within academic institutions are masking stories that may be both more complex and potentially more hopeful than those which are often told using publication-related data. Influenced by world university rankings, institutions emphasise so-called ‘excellent’ research practices: publish in ‘high impact’, elite subscription journals indexed by the commercial bibliographic databases that inform the various ranking systems. In particular, we ask whether data relating to institutional demographics and open access publications could support a different story about the roles that women are playing as pioneers and practitioners of open scholarship. We review gender bias in scholarly publications and discuss examples of open access research publications that highlight a positive advantage for women. Using analysis of workforce demographics and open research data from our Open Knowledge Initiative project, we explore relationships and correlations between academic gender and open access research output from universities in Australia and the United Kingdom. This opens a conversation about different possibilities and models for exploring research output by gender and changing the dominant narrative of deficit in academic publishing.
Constitutio Apostolica "Munificentissimus Deus"
Creators: name: Pius XII., Papst
Publisher: name: Scholastik
Year: 1970

description: Scholastik, Bd. 26 Nr. 1 (1951): Scholastik. Vierteljahresschrift für Theologie und Philosophie, Band 26, Heft 1
A Robust Measurement of the Mass Outflow Rate of the Galactic Outflow from NGC 6090
Creators: name: Chisholm, John
name: Tremonti, Christy A.
name: Leitherer, Claus
name: Chen, Yanmei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To evaluate the impact of stellar feedback, it is critical to estimate the mass outflow rates of galaxies. Past estimates have been plagued by uncertain assumptions about the outflow geometry, metallicity, and ionization fraction. Here we use Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectroscopic observations of the nearby starburst NGC 6090 to demonstrate that many of these quantities can be constrained by the data. We use the Si~{\sc IV} absorption lines to calculate the scaling of velocity (v), covering fraction (C$_f$), and density with distance from the starburst (r), assuming the Sobolev optical depth and a velocity law of the form: v$~\propto(1 -\mathrm{R}_\mathrm{i}/\mathrm{r} )^β$ (where R$_\mathrm{i}$ is the inner outflow radius). We find that the velocity ($β$=0.43) is consistent with an outflow driven by an r$^{-2}$ force with the outflow radially accelerated, while the scaling of the covering fraction ($C_f \propto \mathrm{r}^{-0.82}$) suggests that cool clouds in the outflow are in pressure equilibrium with an adiabatically expanding medium. We use the column densities of four weak metal lines and CLOUDY photoionization models to determine the outflow metallicity, the ionization correction, and the initial density of the outflow. Combining these values with the profile fitting, we find R$_\mathrm{i}$ = 63 pc, with most of the mass within 300~pc of the starburst. Finally, we find that the maximum mass outflow rate is 2.3~M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and the mass loading factor (outflow divided by the star formation rate) is 0.09, a factor of 10 lower than the value calculated using common assumptions for the geometry, metallicity and ionization structure of the outflow.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Subordinate-Level Categorization of Own- and Other-Race Faces
Creators: name: Reynolds, Greg
name: Roth, Kelly
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Data and stimuli from: Roth, K.C., & Reynolds, G.D. (2022). Neural correlates of subordinate-level categorization of own- and other-race faces in infancy. Acta Psychologica.
Representation learning for neural population activity with Neural Data Transformers
Creators: name: Ye, Joel
name: Pandarinath, Chethan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural population activity is theorized to reflect an underlying dynamical structure. This structure can be accurately captured using state space models with explicit dynamics, such as those based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs). However, using recurrence to explicitly model dynamics necessitates sequential processing of data, slowing real-time applications such as brain-computer interfaces. Here we introduce the Neural Data Transformer (NDT), a non-recurrent alternative. We test the NDT's ability to capture autonomous dynamical systems by applying it to synthetic datasets with known dynamics and data from monkey motor cortex during a reaching task well-modeled by RNNs. The NDT models these datasets as well as state-of-the-art recurrent models. Further, its non-recurrence enables 3.9ms inference, well within the loop time of real-time applications and more than 6 times faster than recurrent baselines on the monkey reaching dataset. These results suggest that an explicit dynamics model is not necessary to model autonomous neural population dynamics. Code: https://github.com/snel-repo/neural-data-transformers
The Lovász-Cherkassky theorem for locally finite graphs with ends
Creators: name: Jacobs, Raphael W.
name: Joó, Attila
name: Knappe, Paul
name: Kurkofka, Jan
name: Melcher, Ruben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C63, 05C40, 05C38

description: Lovász and Cherkassky discovered independently that, if $G$ is a finite graph and $T\subseteq V(G)$ such that the degree $d_G(v)$ is even for every vertex $v\in V(G)\setminus T$, then the maximum number of edge-disjoint paths which are internally disjoint from~$T$ and connect distinct vertices of $T$ is equal to $\frac{1}{2} \sum_{t\in T}λ_G(t, T\setminus \{t\})$ (where $λ_G(t, T\setminus \{t\})$ is the size of a smallest cut that separates $t$ and $T\setminus\{t\}$). From another perspective, this means that for every vertex $t\in T$, in any optimal path-system there are $λ_G(t, T\setminus \{t\})$ many paths between $t$ and~$T\setminus\{t\}$. We extend the theorem of Lovász and Cherkassky based on this reformulation to all locally-finite infinite graphs and their ends. In our generalisation, $T$ may contain not just vertices but ends as well, and paths are one-way (two-way) infinite when they establish a vertex-end (end-end) connection.
description: 8 pages, equivalent but new statement of the main result
Can Information Flows Suggest Targets for Interventions in Neural Circuits?
Creators: name: Venkatesh, Praveen
name: Dutta, Sanghamitra
name: Mehta, Neil
name: Grover, Pulkit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Motivated by neuroscientific and clinical applications, we empirically examine whether observational measures of information flow can suggest interventions. We do so by performing experiments on artificial neural networks in the context of fairness in machine learning, where the goal is to induce fairness in the system through interventions. Using our recently developed $M$-information flow framework, we measure the flow of information about the true label (responsible for accuracy, and hence desirable), and separately, the flow of information about a protected attribute (responsible for bias, and hence undesirable) on the edges of a trained neural network. We then compare the flow magnitudes against the effect of intervening on those edges by pruning. We show that pruning edges that carry larger information flows about the protected attribute reduces bias at the output to a greater extent. This demonstrates that $M$-information flow can meaningfully suggest targets for interventions, answering the title's question in the affirmative. We also evaluate bias-accuracy tradeoffs for different intervention strategies, to analyze how one might use estimates of desirable and undesirable information flows (here, accuracy and bias flows) to inform interventions that preserve the former while reducing the latter.
description: Accepted to the Thirty-fifth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2021). (29 pages; 61 figures)
Composition of Deep and Spiking Neural Networks for Very Low Bit Rate Speech Coding
Creators: name: Cernak, Milos
name: Lazaridis, Alexandros
name: Asaei, Afsaneh
name: Garner, Philip N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most current very low bit rate (VLBR) speech coding systems use hidden Markov model (HMM) based speech recognition/synthesis techniques. This allows transmission of information (such as phonemes) segment by segment that decreases the bit rate. However, the encoder based on a phoneme speech recognition may create bursts of segmental errors. Segmental errors are further propagated to optional suprasegmental (such as syllable) information coding. Together with the errors of voicing detection in pitch parametrization, HMM-based speech coding creates speech discontinuities and unnatural speech sound artefacts. In this paper, we propose a novel VLBR speech coding framework based on neural networks (NNs) for end-to-end speech analysis and synthesis without HMMs. The speech coding framework relies on phonological (sub-phonetic) representation of speech, and it is designed as a composition of deep and spiking NNs: a bank of phonological analysers at the transmitter, and a phonological synthesizer at the receiver, both realised as deep NNs, and a spiking NN as an incremental and robust encoder of syllable boundaries for coding of continuous fundamental frequency (F0). A combination of phonological features defines much more sound patterns than phonetic features defined by HMM-based speech coders, and the finer analysis/synthesis code contributes into smoother encoded speech. Listeners significantly prefer the NN-based approach due to fewer discontinuities and speech artefacts of the encoded speech. A single forward pass is required during the speech encoding and decoding. The proposed VLBR speech coding operates at a bit rate of approximately 360 bits/s.
Coupled channel analysis of molecule picture of $P_{c}(4380)$
Creators: name: Shimizu, Yuki
name: Suenaga, Daiki
name: Harada, Masayasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a potential obtained by one-pion exchange for the coupled channel $Σ_c^\ast$$\bar{D}$-$Σ_c$$\bar{D}^\ast$, and solve the coupled Schrödinger equations to determine the binding energy. We find that there exists one or two bound states with the binding energy of several MeV below the threshold of $Σ_c^\ast$ and $\bar{D}$, dominantly made from a $Σ_c^\ast$ baryon and a $\bar{D}$ meson, with the size of about $1.5$fm for wide parameter region. We also study the pentaquark states including a $b$ quark and/or an anti-$b$ quark. We show that there exist pentaquarks including $c\bar{b}$, $b\bar{c}$ and $b\bar{b}$, all of which lie at about $10$MeV below the corresponding threshold and have size of about $1.5$fm.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Deterministic quantum phase estimation beyond the ideal NOON state limit
Creators: name: Nielsen, Jens Arnbak Holbøll
name: Neergaard-Nielsen, Jonas Schou
name: Gehring, Tobias
name: Andersen, Ulrik Lund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of physical parameters is one of the main pillars of science. A classic example is the measurement of the optical phase enabled by optical interferometry where the best sensitivity achievable with N photons scales as 1/N - known as the Heisenberg limit . To achieve phase estimation at the Heisenberg limit, it has been common to consider protocols based on highly complex NOON states of light. However, despite decades of research and several experimental explorations, there has been no demonstration of deterministic phase estimation with NOON states reaching the Heisenberg limit or even surpassing the shot noise limit. Here we use a phase estimation scheme based on a deterministic source of Gaussian squeezed vacuum states and high-efficiency homodyne detection to obtain phase estimates with an extreme sensitivity that significantly surpasses the shot noise limit and even beats the performance of an ideal, and thus unrealistic, NOON state protocol. Using a high-efficiency setup with a total loss of about 11% we achieve a Fisher Information of 15.8(6) rad^2 per photon unparalleled by any other optical phase estimation technology. The work represents a fundamental achievement in quantum metrology, and it opens the door to future quantum sensing technologies for the interrogation of light-sensitive biological systems.
Menschenwürdig sterben
Creators: name: Jens, Walter
name: Küng, Hans
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Humanes Sterben , Sterben , Sterbebegleitung

description: Küng (Vorwort) und Jens sprechen über Tod, Sterben, Menschenwürde in Sterbehilfe. Beide sind Verfechter der Ansicht, dass ein menschenwürdiger Tod ein selbstbestimmter Tod sein sollte. Gegebenenfalls ein Tod durch eigene Hand. Walter Jens konnte durch seine Erkrankung an Alzheimer seinem eigenen Wunsch später nicht entsprechen.
Bottom-Tau Unification in Supersymmetric Model with Anomaly-Mediation
Creators: name: Chigusa, So
name: Moroi, Takeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Yukawa unification, in particular, the unification of the Yukawa coupling constants of $b$ and $τ$, in the framework of supersymmetric (SUSY) model. We concentrate on the model in which the SUSY breaking scalar masses are of the order of the gravitino mass while the gaugino masses originate from the effect of anomaly mediation and hence are one-loop suppressed relative to the gravitino mass. We perform an accurate calculation of the Yukawa coupling constants of $b$ and $τ$ at the grand unified theory (GUT) scale, including relevant renormalization group effects and threshold corrections. In particular, we study the renormalization group effects, taking into account the mass splittings among sfermions, gauginos, and the standard model particles. We found that the Yukawa coupling constant of $b$ at the GUT scale is about $70\ \%$ of that of $τ$ if there is no hierarchy between the sfermion masses and the gravitino mass. Our results suggest sizable threshold corrections to the Yukawa coupling constants at the GUT scale or significant suppressions of the sfermion masses relative to the gravitino mass.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
A manifestly Hermitian semiclassical expansion for the one-particle density matrix of a two-dimensional Fermi gas
Creators: name: Bencheikh, K.
name: van Zyl, B. P.
name: Berkane, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semiclassical $\hbar$-expansion of the one-particle density matrix for a two-dimensional Fermi gas is calculated within the Wigner transform method of Grammaticos and Voros, originally developed in the context of nuclear physics. The method of Grammaticos and Voros has the virture of preserving both the Hermiticity and idempotency of the density matrix to all orders in the $\hbar$-expansion. As a topical application, we use our semiclassical expansion to go beyond the local-density approximation for the construction of the total dipole-dipole interaction energy functional of a two-dimensional, spin-polarized dipolar Fermi gas. We find a {\em finite}, second-order gradient correction to the Hartree-Fock energy, which takes the form $\varepsilon (\nabla ρ)^2/\sqrtρ$, with $\varepsilon$ being small ($|\varepsilon| \ll1$) and negative. We test the quality of the corrected energy by comparing it with the exact results available for harmonic confinement. Even for small particle numbers, the gradient correction to the dipole-dipole energy provides a significant improvement over the local-density approximation.
description: 1 figure
Bifundamental Multiscalar Fixed Points in $d=3-ε$
Creators: name: Kapoor, Samarth
name: Prakash, Shiroman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study fixed-points of scalar fields that transform in the bifundamental representation of $O(N)\times O(M)$ in $3-ε$ dimensions, generalizing the classic tricritical sextic vector model. In the limit where $N$ is large but $M$ is finite, we determine the complete beta function to order $1/N$ for arbitrary $M$. We find a rich collection of large-$N$ fixed-points in $d=3$, as well as fixed-points in $d=3-ε$, that can be studied to all orders in the parameter $\hatε=Nε$. With the goal of defining a large-$N$ nonsupersymmetric conformal field theory dominated by a web of planar diagrams, we also study fixed-points in the ``bifundamental'' large-$N$ limit, in which $M$ and $N$ are both large, but the ratio $M/N$ is held fixed. We find a unique infrared fixed-point in $d=3-ε$, which we determine to order $ε^2$. When $M/N \ll 1$, we also find an ultraviolet fixed-point in $d=3$ and $d=3-ε$ that merges with the infrared fixed-point at $ε\sim O(M/N)$. We expect at least one of two candidate fixed-points in integer dimensions -- the infrared fixed-point in $d=2$ and the ultraviolet fixed-point in $d=3$ -- to survive for finite values of $M/N$.
description: v2: 67 pages, 18 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. D
f(R) gravity constraints from gravitational waves
Creators: name: Vainio, Jaakko
name: Vilja, Iiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent LIGO observation sparked interest in the field of gravity wave signals. Besides the gravity wave observation the LIGO collaboration used the inspiraling black hole pair to constrain the graviton mass. Unlike general relativity, $f(R)$ theories have a characteristic non-zero mass graviton. We apply the constraint on the graviton mass to viable $f(R)$ models to find the effects on model parameters. We find it possible to constrain the parameter space with the gravity wave based observations. We make a case study for the popular Hu-Sawicki model and find a parameter bracket. The result generalizes to other $f(R)$ theories and can be used to contain the parameter space.
description: 10 pages, in the revised version added discussion on different modes to section 2, some typos and terminology corrected
Smits van Waesberghe: Katholieke Nederlandse Mystiek
Creators: name: Raitz V. Frentz, E.
Publisher: name: Scholastik
Year: 1970

description: Scholastik, Bd. 25 Nr. 4 (1950): Scholastik. Vierteljahresschrift für Theologie und Philosophie, Band 25, Heft 4
Crustal Failure on Icy Moons from a Strong Tidal Encounter
Creators: name: Quillen, Alice C.
name: Giannella, David
name: Shaw, John G.
name: Ebinger, Cynthia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Close tidal encounters among large planetesimals and moons should have been more common than grazing or normal impacts. Using a mass spring model within an N-body simulation, we simulate the deformation of the surface of an elastic spherical body caused by a close parabolic tidal encounter with a body that has similar mass as that of the primary body. Such an encounter can induce sufficient stress on the surface to cause brittle failure of an icy crust and simulated fractures can extend a large fraction of the radius of body. Strong tidal encounters may be responsible for the formation of long graben complexes and chasmata in ancient terrain of icy moons such as Dione, Tethys, Ariel and Charon.
description: accepted for publication in Icarus, for a movie see https://youtu.be/W5GyTEyXTss
Floquet approach to bichromatically driven cavity optomechanical systems
Creators: name: Malz, Daniel
name: Nunnenkamp, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a Floquet approach to solve time-periodic quantum Langevin equations in steady state. We show that two-time correlation functions of system operators can be expanded in a Fourier series and that a generalized Wiener-Khinchin theorem relates the Fourier transform of their zeroth Fourier component to the measured spectrum. We apply our framework to bichromatically driven cavity optomechanical systems, a setting in which mechanical oscillators have recently been prepared in quantum-squeezed states. Our method provides an intuitive way to calculate the power spectral densities for time-periodic quantum Langevin equations in arbitrary rotating frames.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. There are only minor edits in the second version
The solution of conformable Laguerre differential equation using conformable Laplace transform
Creators: name: Rabei, Eqab. M.
name: Al-Jamel, Ahmed
name: Al-Masaeed, Mohamed.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, the conformable Laguerre and associated Laguerre differential equations are solved using the Laplace transform. The solution is found to be in exact agreement with that obtained using the power series. In addition some of properties of the Laguerre polynomial is discussed and the conformable Rodriguez's Formula and generating function are proposed and proved
Optical Activation of Germanium Plasmonic Antennas in the Mid Infrared
Creators: name: Fischer, Marco P.
name: Schmidt, Christian
name: Sakat, Emilie
name: Stock, Johannes
name: Samarelli, Antonio
name: Frigerio, Jacopo
name: Ortolani, Michele
name: Paul, Douglas J.
name: Isella, Giovanni
name: Leitenstorfer, Alfred
name: Biagioni, Paolo
name: Brida, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Impulsive interband excitation with femtosecond near-infrared pulses establishes a plasma response in intrinsic germanium structures fabricated on a silicon substrate. This direct approach activates the plasmonic resonance of the Ge structures and enables their use as optical antennas up to the mid-infrared spectral range. The optical switching lasts for hundreds of picoseconds until charge recombination red-shifts the plasma frequency. The full behavior of the structures is modeled by the electrodynamic response established by an electron-hole plasma in a regular array of antennas.
The Lanford-Ruelle theorem for actions of sofic groups
Creators: name: Barbieri, Sebastián
name: Meyerovitch, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary: 37B10. Secondary: 37D35, 82B20

description: Let $Γ$ be a sofic group, $Σ$ be a sofic approximation sequence of $Γ$ and $X$ be a $Γ$-subshift with nonnegative sofic topological entropy with respect to $Σ$. Further assume that $X$ is a shift of finite type, or more generally, that $X$ satisfies the topological Markov property. We show that for any sufficiently regular potential $f \colon X \to \mathbb{R}$, any translation-invariant Borel probability measure on $X$ which maximizes the measure-theoretical sofic pressure of $f$ with respect to $Σ$, is a Gibbs state with respect to $f$. This extends a classical theorem of Lanford and Ruelle, as well as previous generalizations of Moulin Ollagnier, Pinchon, Tempelman and others, to the case where the group is sofic. As applications of our main result we present a criterion for uniqueness of an equilibrium measure, as well as sufficient conditions for having that the equilibrium states do not depend upon the chosen sofic approximation sequence. We also prove that for any group-shift over a sofic group, the Haar measure is the unique measure of maximal sofic entropy for every sofic approximation sequence, as long as the homoclinic group is dense. On the expository side, we present a short proof of Chung's variational principle for sofic topological pressure.
description: Minor modifications from the last version
Constraints on the identity of the dark matter from strong gravitational lenses
Creators: name: Li, Ran
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Gao, Liang
name: Bose, Sownak
name: Hellwing, Wojciech A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological model unambigously predicts that a large number of haloes should survive as subhaloes when they are accreted into a larger halo. The CDM model would be ruled out if such substructures were shown not to exist. By contrast, if the dark matter consists of warm particles (WDM), then below a threshold mass that depends on the particle mass far fewer substructures would be present. Finding subhaloes below a certain mass would then rule out warm particle masses below some value. Strong gravitational lensing provides a clean method to measure the subhalo mass function through distortions in the structure of Einstein rings and giant arcs.Using mock lensing observations constructed from high-resolution N-body simulations, we show that measurements of approximately 100 strong lens systems with a detection limit of $10^7 h^{-1} M_{\odot}$ would clearly distinguish CDM from WDM in the case where this consists of 7 keV sterile neutrinos such as those that might be responsible for the 3.5 keV X-ray emission line recently detected in galaxies and clusters.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS, updated fig.2 - fig.4, corrected an error in the code
Archaeological Conservation
Creators: name: Strahan, Donna
name: Korolnik, Simone
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Archäologie , Restaurierung , Troja , Türkei
subject: 930
subject: archaeology
subject: conservation
subject: Troy
subject: Turkey

description: Preservation and long-termcare of the excavated finds have been part of the overall plan at the site of Troy since excavation began in 1988.Theinternational teamalways included conservatorsworking with archaeologists to help conserve and document excavated material and prepare it for long-termstorage and display.This paper will discuss the steps taken to preserve the various finds, on-site conservation training and outreach efforts in the Troad.
description: Konservierung und langfristiger Schutz der ausgegrabenen Funde waren Teil des Gesamtplans in Troia seit Grabungsbeginn 1988. Zu dem internationalen Team gehörten stets auch Restauratoren, die mit Archäologen zusammenarbeiteten. Ihre Aufgabe war es,, das ausgegrabeneMaterial zu konservieren, zu lagern und für einemögliche Präsentation zu restaurieren. Dieser Artikel schildert die Schritte, die unternommen wurden, um die große Fülle verschiedenster Funde zu konservieren; außerdem werden beschreibt die Ausbildung von Restauratoren auf der Grabung sowie restauratorische Unternehmungen in der Troas.
Representing uncertainty on model analysis plots
Creators: name: Smith, Trevor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Model analysis provides a mechanism for representing student learning as measured by standard multiple-choice surveys. The model plot contains information regarding both how likely students in a particular class are to choose the correct answer and how likely they are to choose an answer consistent with a well-documented conceptual model. Unfortunately Bao's original presentation of the model plot did not include a way to represent uncertainty in these measurements. I present details of a method to add error bars to model plots by expanding the work of Sommer and Lindell. I also provide a template for generating model plots with error bars.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Phys. Edu. Res. Published version will include supplementary files