cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the weak mixing angle using the forward-backward asymmetry of Drell-Yan events in pp collisions at 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement is presented of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle ($\sin^2θ^{\ell}_{\text{eff}}$) using the forward-backward asymmetry of Drell-Yan lepton pairs ($μμ$ and ee) produced in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV at the CMS experiment of the LHC. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 18.8 and 19.6 fb$^{-1}$ in the dimuon and dielectron channels, respectively, containing 8.2 million dimuon and 4.9 million dielectron events. With more events and new analysis techniques, including constraints obtained on the parton distribution functions from the measured forward-backward asymmetry, the statistical and systematic uncertainties are significantly reduced relative to previous CMS measurements. The extracted value of $\sin^2θ^{\ell}_{\text{eff}}$ from the combined dilepton data is $\sin^2θ^{\ell}_{\text{eff}} =$ 0.23101 $\pm$ 0.00036 (stat) $\pm$ 0.00018 (syst) $\pm$ 0.00016 (theo) $\pm$ 0.00031 (parton distributions in proton) = 0.23101 $\pm$ 0.00053.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-16-007 (CMS Public Pages)
Mid--IR emission of galaxies in the Virgo cluster: II. Integrated properties
Creators: name: Boselli, A.
name: Lequeux, J.
name: Sauvage, M.
name: Boulade, O.
name: Boulanger, F.
name: Cesarsky, D.
name: Dupraz, C.
name: Madden, S.
name: Viallefond, F.
name: Vigroux, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the integrated properties of the Mid-IR emission of a complete, optically selected sample of galaxies in the Virgo cluster observed with the ISOCAM instrument on board the ISO satellite. The analysis shows that the Mid-IR emission up to 15 mic of optically-selected, normal early-type galaxies (E, S0 and S0a) is dominated by the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of the cold stellar component. The Mid-IR emission of late-type galaxies is instead dominated by the thermal emission from dust. The small dust grains emitting in the Mid-IR have an excess of emission if compared to big grains emitting in the Far-IR. While the Far-IR emission increases with the intensity of the interstellar radiation field, their Mid-IR emission is non--linearly related to the UV radiation field. The spectral energy distributions of the target galaxies indicate that there is a linear relationship between the UV radiation field and the Mid-IR emission of galaxies for low or intermediate activities of star formation, while the emission from the hot dust seems to drop for strong UV fields. The Mid-IR colour of late-type galaxies is not related to their activity of star formation. The properties of the dust emission in the Mid-IR seem more related to the mass than to the morphological type of the target galaxy. Since the activity of star formation is anticorrelated to the mass of galaxies, this reflects a relationship between the emission of dust in the Mid-IR and the UV radiation field: galaxies with the lowest Mid-IR emission for a given UV field are low mass, dwarf galaxies. These observational evidences are easily explained if the carriers of the Unidentified Infrared Bands that dominate the 6.75 mic emission are destroyed by the intense UV radiation field of dwarf galaxies, although abundance effects can also play a role.
description: 17 pages, Latex, 7 figures; to be published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, Main Journal; Figure legend should be corrected in: 1 - 1a; 2 - 1b; 3 - 2; 4 - 3a; 5 - 3b; 6 - 3c; 7 - 3d; 8 - 3e; 9 - 4; 10 - 5; 11 - 6; 12 - 7
Star Formation in Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Brosch, Noah
name: Heller, Ana
name: Almoznino, Elchanan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore mechanisms for the regulation of star formation in dwarf galaxies. We concentrate primarily on a sample in the Virgo cluster, which has HI and blue total photometry, for which we collected H$α$ data at the Wise Observatory. We find that dwarf galaxies do not show the tight correlation of the surface brightness of H$α$ (a star formation indicator) with the HI surface density, or with the ratio of this density to a dynamical timescale, as found for large disk or starburst galaxies. On the other hand, we find the strongest correlation to be with the average blue surface brightness, indicating the presence of a mechanism regulating the star formation by the older (up to 1 Gyr) stellar population if present, or by the stellar population already formed in the present burst.
description: 15 pages (LATEX aasms4 style) and three postscript figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Naturalness, Extra-Empirical Theory Assessments, and the Implications of Skepticism
Creators: name: Wells, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Naturalness is an extra-empirical quality that aims to assess plausibility of a theory. Finetuning measures are often deputized to quantify the task. However, knowing statistical distributions on parameters appears necessary. Such meta-theories are not known yet. A critical discussion of these issues is presented, including their possible resolutions in fixed points. Both agreement to and skepticism of naturalness's utility remains credible, as is skepticism to any extra-empirical theory assessment (SEETA) that claims to identify "more correct" theories that are equally empirically adequate. The severe implications of SEETA are set forward in some detail. We conclude with a summary and discussion of the viability of three main viewpoints toward naturalness and fine-tuning, where the "moderate naturalness position" is suggested to be most appealing, not suffering from the disquietudes of the extreme pro- and anti-naturalness positions.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures. summary conclusions added
Theodoxus Montfort 1810
Creators: name: Anistratenko, Olga Yu.
name: Degtyarenko, Elena V.
name: Osipova, Diana S.
name: Maksymenko, Yuliia V.
name: Anistratenko, Vitaliy V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Cycloneritida
Neritidae
Theodoxus

description: Genus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810
 Type species: Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort,
 1810 (= Nerita fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758)
description: Published as part of Anistratenko, Olga Yu., Degtyarenko, Elena V., Osipova, Diana S., Maksymenko, Yuliia V. & Anistratenko, Vitaliy V., 2022, A neritid gastropod name " Theodoxus dniestroviensis Put', 1972 " is a junior subjective synonym of Th. fluviatilis (L., 1758): decision based on the topotypic specimens study, pp. 61-68 in Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal (Cambridge, England: 2003) (Cambridge, England: 2003) 32 (2) on page 62, DOI: 10.35885/ruthenica.2022.32(2).2, http://zenodo.org/record/11040986
Vanadium-substituted Keggin structured polyoxometalate combined with fluconazole in α-SiW11V-FKZ for efficient bacterial inhibition
Creators: name: Peng, Jiaye
name: Wang, Wanli
name: Liu, Dongyue
name: Yang, Xue
name: Fu, Shanshan
name: Tang, Yimin
name: Liu, Rui
name: Wang, Wenjing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Pollution of the environment is becoming more and more serious due to the misuse of antibiotics. To protect the environment, polyoxometalates (POMs) emerged as potential green materials. These POMs contain anionic clusters of metal oxides, which exhibit favorable structural and physicochemical properties. They have demonstrated promising antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor activities in biomedicine. In the present study, fluconazole (FKZ)-modified POMs of Keggin structure were synthesized as an efficient bacteriostatic agent by the hydrothermal method. Furthermore, the bacteriostatic properties of the agent against various bacteria are analyzed. The bacteriostatic effect and bacterial inhibition rate are evaluated using three different methods: the filter paper slice method, determination of MIC value and the colony counting method. In addition, the leakage of morphologically repressive DNA of bacteria after being treated by the samples was investigated by TEM and UV, which resulted in speculation of repressive mechanisms. The experimental results demonstrated that the bacteriostat exhibited superior bacteriostatic properties compared to the classical polyoxometalate. Additionally, bacteriostatic agents are particularly effective in combating gram-negative bacteria.
Birth and early evolution of a planetary nebula
Creators: name: Bobrowsky, M.
name: Sahu, K. C.
name: Parthasarathy, M.
name: Garcia-Lario, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The final expulsion of gas by a star as it forms a planetary nebula --- the ionized shell of gas often observed surrounding a young white dwarf --- is one of the most poorly understood stages of stellar evolution. Such nebulae form extremely rapidly (about 100 years for the ionization) and so the formation process is inherently difficult to observe. Particularly puzzling is how a spherical star can produce a highly asymmetric nebula with collimated outflows. Here we report optical observations of the Stingray Nebula which has become an ionized planetary nebula within the past few decades. We find that the collimated outflows are already evident, and we have identified the nebular structure that focuses the outflows. We have also found a companion star, reinforcing previous suspicions that binary companions play an important role in shaping planetary nebulae and changing the direction of successive outflows.
description: 9 pages + 3 figures. To appear in Nature, 2 April 1998
Synthesis, spectral characterization and biological evaluation of diosgenin coordinated ruthenium-arene complexes
Creators: name: Parveen, S.
name: Subarkhan, M. Mohamed
name: Kalaiarasi, G.
name: Manikandan, A.
name: Hashem, M.
name: Fouad, Hassan
name: Ansari, A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Hematology

description: A set of mononuclear ruthenium complexes, i.e. [Ru(Dg)(C6H6)Cl2] (RuBDg), [Ru(Dg)((p-cymene)Cl2] (RuCDg) were synthesized using a phytosteroid diosgenin (Dg) as ligand. The formulations and characterizations of the complexes were achieved through elemental analyses, infrared, electronic absorption, electron paramagnetic resonances, mass spectrometric analysis, and molar conductance studies. Ruthenium ion is octahedrally coordinated to the oxygen of diosgenin, one arene moiety and two chlorides. An assessment of the antioxidant activities of the compounds indicated better scavenging ability against ABTS•+, DPPH•, O2−, NO• and OH− radicals. The metal complexes showed activity towards free radicals compared to the parent diosgenin. The anticancer activities of diosgenin and the ruthenium complexes were evaluated by MTT assay against the human lung cancer cell line (A549) and cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa), with cisplatin as a reference. RuCDg exhibited potent ability to kill A549 and HeLa cancer cells with IC50 values of 5.8 ± 0.5 µM and 5.5 ± 0.6 µM, respectively. Similarly, RuBDg showed activity towards A549 and HeLa cancer cells with IC50 values of 16 ± 1 µM and 12 ± 1 µM, respectively. These values are better than that of free diosgenin (A549 − 48 ± 2 µM and HeLa − 43 ± 1 µM). The morphological changes of the HeLa and A549 cells with the complexes, studied by AO-EB and DAPI staining methods, suggested cell death through apoptosis.
Making friends with benefits: an investigation into the use of incentives for the conservation of forest commons
Creators: name: Travers, Henry
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The use of incentives to encourage sustainable natural resource use is widespread in conservation. Yet, the relative or combined effects of conservation interventions on resource use can be difficult to predict. This is particularly so in contexts with weak institutions or poorly defined property rights, conditions that typify forest commons. In this study, I investigate the effect of different policy options, currently being implemented or under consideration in a protected area in Cambodia, on the resource appropriation of indigenous smallholder farmers in order to develop a framework for predicting the effectiveness of conservation interventions. I begin by evaluating the progress made towards two project targets relating to the security of natural resources important for local livelihoods, showing that, whilst security issues exist, the project has so far been successful in protecting key resources. I also evaluate an existing programme of indigenous land titling, which is shown to be consistent with conservation goals but vulnerable to interference from land grabs. Using two approaches for predicting behavioural response to planned interventions, experimental games and scenario analysis, I demonstrate that collective performance payments are more effective than individually contracted payments or increased law enforcement effort. Previous research has shown that externally imposed rule enforcement can undermine existing norms for cooperation, particularly in contexts where social cohesion is high. I build upon this research by demonstrating that exogenous rule enforcement, when coupled with reward payments that have been found to encourage high levels of cooperation, can increase resource extraction compared to when payments are offered in isolation. The research presented highlights the difficulty of predicting the effect of policies designed to reduce resource use, particularly when interventions interact to increase the institutional complexity in which resource use decision-making takes place, but offers a novel framework for the investigation of intervention effectiveness.
KRAS mutation status, comorbidity, and mortality in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Denmark
Creators: name: Ording, Anne Gulbech
name: Öztürk, Buket
name: Karen-Lise Garm Spindler
name: Sørensen, Henrik Toft
name: McCusker, Margaret
name: Ehrenstein, Vera
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: KRAS mutation status, comorbidity, and mortality in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Denmark
Two structural aspects in birational geometry: geography of Mori fibre spaces and Matsusaka’s theorem for surfaces in positive characteristic
Creators: name: Fanelli, Andrea
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The aim of this thesis is to investigate two questions which naturally arise in the context of the classification of algebraic varieties. The first project concerns the structure of Mori fibre spaces: these objects naturally appear in the birational classification of higher dimensional varieties and the minimal model program. We ask which Fano varieties can appear as a fibre of a Mori fibre space and introduce the notion of fibre-likeness to study this property. This turns out to be a rather restrictive condition: in order to detect this property, we obtain two criteria (one sufficient and one necessary), which turn into a characterisation in the rigid case. Many applications are discussed and the basis for the classification of fibre-like Fano varieties is presented. In the second part of the thesis, an effective version of Matsusaka’s theorem for arbitrary smooth algebraic surfaces in positive characteristic is provided: this gives an effective bound on the multiple which makes an ample line bundle D very ample. A careful study of pathological surfaces is presented here in order to bypass the classical cohomological approach. As a consequence, we obtain a Kawamata-Viehweg-type vanishing theorem for arbitrary smooth algebraic surfaces in positive characteristic.
Molecular mechanisms and outcomes of arsenic-induced histone acetylation and microRNA regulation in cellular transformation
Creators: name: Rahman, Sunniyat
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Chronic exposure to arsenic causes negative health outcomes, particularly malignant neoplasms of the skin, lung and bladder. Although epidemiological data has associated arsenic exposure to cancer, a clear molecular mechanism has remained elusive. This thesis studied the impact of arsenic trioxide (ATO) exposure on histone acetylation and microRNA expression at both tolerated and toxic levels in vitro to determine an epigenetic-based mechanism of carcinogenesis. This thesis outlines a framework for identifying tolerated and toxic ATO exposures, as a prerequisite to epigenetic characterisation. Tolerated ATO exposure increased cellular survival, anchorage-independent colony formation, cell-cycle progression and proliferation in HEK293T cells. HEK293T and UROtsa cells treated with tolerated ATO exhibited global H3K9 hyperacetylation at 3 hours and global H3K9 hypoacetylation at 72 hours. This was mediated by an imbalance in the intracellular HDAC2 to PCAF mRNA expression ratio. Global H3K9 hypoacetylation occurred for both tolerated and toxic exposures, giving poor mechanistic differentiation between these separated cellular outcomes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified PCAF recruitment, E2F1 binding and H3K9 acetylation at the FOS proto-oncogenic promoter leading to an elevation in FOS mRNA levels at the tolerated concentration only. This thesis also reports ATO-induced chromatin relaxation in HEK293T cells followed by a return to nominal levels for the tolerated concentration. This is in contrast to the toxic exposure, which leads to clear chromatin condensation and apoptosis. This thesis postulates that arsenic-induced global H3K9 hypoacetylation is caused by a miR-372 -mediated attenuation mechanism targeting PCAF mRNA, as predicted through bioinformatic analysis. In summary, tolerated ATO exposure resulted in measurable perturbations in both global and promoter-specific histone acetylation in addition to the aberrant expression of microRNAs, which led to cellular transformation over toxicity.
Balancing benefits and risks of system protection schemes
Creators: name: Calvo De Miguel, Jose Luis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: This thesis considers the operation of corrective System Protection Schemes (SPS) in electricity networks. Such systems have the potential to greatly enhance the utilisation of the network, but malfunctions may expose the system to blackouts. Choosing the optimal operational strategy is therefore subject to a cost-benefit trade-off between the benefits of increased system utilisation and the risk of outages. This thesis proposes to formulate the problem in three different phases, namely steady-state, SPS action and response and impact assessment. This is used to formalise the objective of the network operator from a system perspective: minimising the operational costs considering unreliable SPS operation. This thesis also presents a generic modelling framework for SPS failure modes and related impact assessments. From an optimisation perspective, the problem presents two major difficulties. First, the computation of the load-shedding impact may require the analysis of a complex dynamical system. The second barrier is that the set of possible SPS outcomes is potentially large, and depends on the decision variables (generator dispatch and SPS configuration). The problem is firstly addressed in a simple system which serves to illustrate the salient properties of the problem at hand. It is demonstrated that the optimal SPS configurations are always part of a finite set of “candidate solutions” that are associated with the provision of security against specific outcomes scenarios of the SPS (including its failure modes). The same network is used to investigate SPS operational benefits and risks in a year-round basis. Next, this thesis proposes a heuristic method to address the two complexities described above. The method is tested on the RTS 24-Bus IEEE System. Impact assessments are performed in a basic cascading simulator which provides a range of possible impacts from SPS malfunction scenarios. The method is shown to provide an optimised balance between benefits and risks.
Phases and fractal structures of three-dimensional simplicial gravity
Creators: name: Hagura, Hiroyuki
name: Tsuda, Noritsugu
name: Yukawa, Tetsuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study phases and fractal structures of three-dimensional simplicial quantum gravity by the Monte-Carlo method. After measuring the surface area distribution (SAD) which is the three-dimensional analog of the loop length distribution (LLD) in two-dimensional quantum gravity, we classify the fractal structures into three types: (i) in the hot (strong coupling) phase, strong gravity makes the space-time one crumpled mother universe with small fluctuating branches around it. This is a crumpled phase with a large Hausdorff dimension $d_{\mbox{\tiny H}} \simeq 5$. The topologies of cross-sections are extremely complicated. (ii) at the critical point, we observe that the space-time is a fractal-like manifold which has one mother universe with small and middle size branches around it. The Hausdorff dimension is $d_{\mbox{\tiny H}} \simeq 4$. We observe some scaling behaviors for the cross-sections of the manifold. This manifold resembles the fractal surface observed in two-dimensional quantum gravity. (iii) in the cold (weak coupling) phase, the mother universe disappears completely and the space-time seems to be the branched-polymer with a small Hausdorff dimension $d_{\mbox{\tiny H}} \simeq 2$. Almost all of the cross-sections have the spherical topology $S^2$ in the cold phase.
description: 14 pages, latex file, 5 Postscript figures, use psfig.sty
Combining cognitive training and transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults. [Registered Report Stage 1 - Protocol]
Creators: name: Horne, Kristina
name: Filmer, Hannah
name: Mattingley, Jason B.
name: Dux, Paul E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170102 Developmental Psychology and Ageing
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: ABSTRACT: The population of older adults is predicted to more than double by 2050. Our ageing population has given rise to increased concern regarding the impact of age-related health issues, one of the most debilitating being neurocognitive decline. Thus, much interest has been generated in the potential for cognitive training and/or brain stimulation techniques to enhance cognition, with several studies showing improvement on trained tasks in older adult populations. There has been little evidence, however, for transfer to other distinct tasks and everyday function, and existing evidence has been controversial due to poorly controlled experimental protocols and small sample sizes. Therefore, the utility of cognitive training and brain stimulation interventions remains largely unknown. To provide new insight into this critical question, we will conduct the largest study to date, and the first registered report of its kind, evaluating the efficacy of combined cognitive training on a decision-making task and tDCS in enhancing cognitive function in healthy older adults. We will adhere to a Bayesian sampling plan, and thus will continue to collect data until BF10>10 is reached for the group by time (pre- and one-month post-intervention) interaction for far transfer task performance, or until 200 participants have been recruited. Older adult participants (aged 60-75) will be assigned to one of four groups to receive: cognitive training with anodal tDCS over the left prefrontal cortex (PFC); cognitive training with sham tDCS; cognitive training with anodal tDCS over the early visual cortex (as a control electrode location); or control training with anodal tDCS over the left PFC. They will be assessed at four time points (pre- and post-intervention; one- and three-month follow-up) on a wide range of near and far transfer measures of executive function, visual and verbal episodic memory tasks, as well as ecologically valid measures of everyday functioning. In addition, we will conduct genotyping on COMT and BDNF genes to examine the influence of genotype (Val/Val, Val/Met, Met/Met) on response to training and tDCS.
Decoherence-assisted detection of entanglement of two qubit states
Creators: name: Krzywda, Jan
name: Szańkowski, Piotr
name: Chwedeńczuk, Jan
name: Cywiński, Łukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the decoherence, which in the long run destroys quantum features of a system, can be used to reveal the entanglement in a two-qubit system. To this end, we consider a criterion that formally resembles the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality. In our case the local observables are set by the coupling of each qubit to the environmental noise, controlled with the dynamical decoupling method. We demonstrate that the constructed inequality is an entanglement criterion---it can only be violated by non-separable initial two-qubit states, provided that the local noises are correlated. We also show that for a given initial state, this entanglement criterion can be repurposed as a method of discriminating between Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise generated by the environment of the qubits. The latter application is important for ongoing research on using qubits to characterize the dynamics of environment that perturbs them and causes their decoherence
Performance Tests of the Kramers Equation and Boson Algorithms for Simulations of QCD
Creators: name: Jansen, Karl
name: Jegerlehner, Beat
name: Liu, Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a performance comparison of the Kramers equation and the boson algorithms for simulations of QCD with two flavors of dynamical Wilson fermions and gauge group $SU(2)$. Results are obtained on $6^312$, $8^312$ and $16^4$ lattices. In both algorithms a number of optimizations are installed.
description: uuencoded postscript file, no figures, 10 pages
Discovery of a 7 Second Anomalous X-ray Pulsar in the Distant Milky Way
Creators: name: Gotthelf, E. V.
name: Vasisht, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the serendipitous discovery of a 7-s X-ray pulsar using data acquired with the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics. The pulsar is detected as an unresolved source located towards a region of the Galactic plane (l,b ~ 29.5, 0.08) that coincides with an overdensity of star-formation tracers. The signal suffers tremendous foreground absorption, equivalent to N_H ~ 10E23 cm^-2; the absorption correlates well with a line-of-sight that is tangential to the inner spiral arms and the 4-kpc molecular ring. The pulsar is not associated with any known supernova remnants or other cataloged objects in that direction. The near sinusoidal pulse (period P ~ 6.9712) is modulated at 35% pulsed amplitude, and the steep spectrum is characteristic of hot black-body emission with temperature kT ~ 0.65 keV. We characterize the source as an anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP).
description: 8 pages, latex, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in New Astronomy
Epidemiology of acute oak decline in Great Britain
Creators: name: Brown, Nathan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Oak has long been affected by episodes of decline, an interaction of multiple factors that reduces host vigour. A wide range of abiotic, insect and pathogenic agents may play causal roles in an outbreak; acting independently, together, or consecutively in a complex process. In Britain a novel form of Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is increasingly reported. Typified by symptoms of stem “bleeding”, bark-splits that weep dark exudate, the stem symptoms overlay patches of necrotic cambial tissue concealed beneath the bark. An initial investigation by Forest Research identified a suite of bacterial species as putative causal agents. Signs of insect activity are frequently found in association with the stem lesions. Galleries are usually present in the conductive tissue and some of the affected trees have distinctively D-shaped exit holes created by the buprestid beetle Agrilus biguttatus. Although declines are typified by complex causes, the dominance of these two organisms (bacteria and beetle) makes understanding their interaction an important step in defining the epidemiology of the syndrome. The current study aims to provide initial investigations into the epidemiology of AOD. By mapping and monitoring trees within eight study sites symptom development was accurately recorded from a reliable baseline. These data give insights into disease development in terms of rate of spread, tree mortality and disease distribution. Repeated monitoring at multiple time points documents the progression of symptoms, within and among trees. Site monitoring is complemented by preliminary studies investigating the role of the buprestid beetle Agrilus biguttatus in the decline complex. By developing trapping methods populations of Agrilus beetles can be monitored in terms of flight period and species composition. The focus on A. biguttatus seeks to confirm whether the larvae present in galleries are A. biguttatus and to investigate the link between beetle, larvae and bacteria.
Equivalence of large-$N$ gauge theories on a group manifold and its coset space
Creators: name: Hatakeyama, Kohta
name: Tsuchiya, Asato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was shown in arXiv:0912.1456 that the large-$N$ reduction holds on group manifolds in the sense that a large-$N$ gauge theory on a group manifold is realized by a matrix model which is obtained by dimensionally reducing the original theory to zero dimension. In this note, generalizing the above statement, we show that a large-$N$ gauge theory on a group manifold is equivalent to a theory which is obtained by reducing the original theory to its coset space. This is analogous to the statement of the large-$N$ reduction on flat spaces that large-$N$ gauge theories are independent of the volume.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, published version
Hyper-Systolic Processing on APE100/Quadrics: N^2-Loop Computations
Creators: name: Lippert, Th.
name: Ritzenhöfer, G.
name: Glässner, U.
name: Hoeber, H.
name: Seyfried, A.
name: Schilling, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the performance gains from hyper-systolic implementations of n^2-loop problems on the massively parallel computer Quadrics, exploiting its 3-dimensional interprocessor connectivity. For illustration we study the communication aspects of an exact molecular dynamics simulation of n particles with Coulomb (or gravitational) interactions. We compare the interprocessor communication costs of the standard-systolic and the hyper-systolic approaches for various granularities. We predict gain factors as large as 3 on the Q4 and 8 on the QH4 and measure actual performances on these machine configurations. We conclude that it appears feasable to investigate the thermodynamics of a full gravitating n-body problem with O(10000) particles using the new method on a QH4 system.
description: Latex file + Postscript figures, 17 pages
Coupling Quantum Emitters in WSe2 Monolayers to a Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguide
Creators: name: Dutta, Subhojit
name: Cai, Tao
name: Buyukkaya, Mustafa Atabey
name: Barik, Sabyasachi
name: Aghaeimeibodi, Shahriar
name: Waks, Edo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupling single photon emitters to surface plasmons provides a versatile ground for on chip quantum photonics. However, achieving good coupling efficiency requires precise alignment of both the position and dipole orientation of the emitter relative to the plasmonic mode. We demonstrate coupling of single emitters in the 2-D semiconductor, WSe2 self-aligned with propagating surface plasmon polaritons in silver-air-silver, metal-insulator-metal waveguides. The waveguide produces strain induced defects in the monolayer which are close to the surface plasmon mode with favorable dipole orientations for optimal coupling. We measure an average enhancement in the rate of spontaneous emission by a factor of 1.89 for coupling the single defects to the plasmonic waveguide. This architecture provides an efficient way of coupling single photon emitters to propagating plasmons which is an important step towards realizing active plasmonic circuits on chip.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Gradient flow and the renormalization group
Creators: name: Abe, Yoshihiko
name: Fukuma, Masafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the renormalization group (RG) structure of the gradient flow. Instead of using the original bare action to generate the flow, we propose to use the effective action at each flow time. We write down the basic equation for scalar field theory that determines the evolution of the action, and argue that the equation can be regarded as a RG equation if one makes a field-variable transformation at every step such that the kinetic term is kept to take the canonical form. We consider a local potential approximation (LPA) to our equation, and show that the result has a natural interpretation with Feynman diagrams. We make an $\varepsilon$ expansion of the LPA and show that it reproduces the eigenvalues of the linearized RG transformation around both the Gaussian and the Wilson-Fisher fixed points to the order of $\varepsilon$.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure; v2, v3: typos corrected, some discussions improved
Irreversibility from staircases in symplectic embeddings
Creators: name: Creaco, Anthony J.
name: Kalogeropoulos, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an argument whose goal is to trace the origin of the macroscopically irreversible behavior of Hamitonian systems of many degrees of freedom. We use recent flexibility and rigidity results of symplectic embeddings, quantified via the (stabilized) Fibonacci and Pell staircases, to encode the underlying breadth of the possible initial conditions, which alongside the multitude of degrees of freeedom of the underlying system give rise to time-irreversibility.
description: 27 pages. No figures. LaTeX2e. This version: two additional references. Accepted for publication by Physica A
title: AN, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000987
Creators: name: Claustre, Julie
name: Nationales, Archives
name: Archives Nationales
name: Claustre, Julie
name: ArchivesNationales/J.CLAUSTRE/H.REGAZZI/2020
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Châtelet
subject: registre

description: Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Archives Nationales, Y5266. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Bibliographic citation: Archives Nationales, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000987
Cloud computing in the large scale organisation: potential benefits and overcoming barriers to deployment
Creators: name: Bellamy, Martin Clifford
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: There are three focal questions addressed in this thesis: • Firstly whether large organisations, particularly public sector or governmental, can realise benefits by transitioning from the ICT delivery models prevalent in the late 2000s to use Cloud computing services? • Secondly, in what circumstances can the benefits best be realised, and how and when can the associated risk reward trade-off be managed effectively? • Thirdly, what steps can be taken to ensure maximum benefit is gained from using Cloud computing? This includes a consideration of the technical and organisational obstacles that need to be overcome to realise these benefits in large organisations. The potential benefits for organisations using Cloud computing services include cost reductions, faster innovation, delivery of modern information based services that meet consumers’ expectations, and improved choice and affordability of specialist services. There are many examples of successful Cloud computing deployments in large organisations that are saving time and money, although in larger organisations these are generally in areas that do not involve use of sensitive information. Despite the benefits, by 2013 cloud computing services account for less than 5% most large organisations’ ICT budgets. The key inhibitor to wider deployment is that use of Cloud computing services exposes organisations to new risks that can be costly to address. However, the level of cost reduction that can be attained means that progressive deployment of Cloud computing services seems inevitable. The challenge therefore is how best to manage the associated risks in an effective and efficient manner. This thesis considers the origin and benefits of Cloud computing, identifies the barriers to take up and explores how these can be overcome, and considers how cloud service brokerages can potentially develop further to close the gap by building new capabilities to accelerate take-up and benefits realisation.
Structural tuning of coordination polymers with photoluminescent properties via temperature control
Creators: name: Tang, Sisi
name: He, Xiaomin
name: Xuan, Han
name: Zhang, Kehua
name: Kong, Weili
name: Zhang, Jun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Using a two-solvent interdiffusion technique, the ligand tpatpy that possesses aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties was coordinated to Cd2+ to construct two coordination polymers under conditions that differed only by reaction temperatures of 30 °C and 0 °C for 1 and 2, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed the key structural differences were that the metal centers in 1 were five-coordinate, versus four-coordinate in 2. Thus, this system could be tuned by controlling the temperature during synthesis. UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetry (TG), and the fluorescence of 1 and 2 are discussed to provide a comprehensive discussion of physical and electronic properties.
Hadron Spectrum with Wilson fermions
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
name: Gupta, Rajan
name: Kilcup, Gregory
name: Sharpe, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a high statistics study of the quenched spectrum using Wilson fermions at $β=6.0$ on $32^3 \times 64$ lattices. We calculate the masses of mesons and baryons composed of both degenerate and non-degenerate quarks. Using non-degenerate quark combinations allows us to study baryon mass splittings in detail. We find significant deviations from the lowest order chiral expansion, deviations that are consistent with the expectations of quenched chiral perturbation theory. We find that there is a $\sim 20%$ systematic error in the extracted value of $m_s$, depending on the meson mass ratio used to set its value. Using the largest estimate of $m_s$ we find that the extrapolated octet mass-splittings are in agreement with the experimental values, as is $M_Δ- M_N$, while the decuplet splittings are 30% smaller than experiment. Combining our results with data from the GF11 collaboration we find considerable ambiguity in the extrapolation to the continuum limit. Our preferred values are $M_N / M_ρ= 1.38(7)$ and $M_Δ/ M_ρ= 1.73(10)$, suggesting that the quenched approximation is good to only $\sim 10-15%$. We also analyze the $O(ma)$ discretization errors in heavy quark masses.
description: 52 pages. Tex. Modified "axis" source for figures also included. Needs macro packages lanlmac and epsf. Uses hyperbasics if available. Significant number of typographical errors corrected
$3$--Dimensional Approach to Hot Electroweak Matter for $M_{Higgs} \leq 70$ GeV
Creators: name: Guertler, M.
name: Ilgenfritz, E. -M.
name: Kripfganz, J.
name: Perlt, H.
name: Schiller, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electroweak phase transition by lattice simulations of an effective 3-dimensional theory, for a Higgs mass of about $70$ GeV. Exploiting a variant of the equal weight criterion of phase equilibrium, we obtain transition temperature, latent heat and surface tension and compare with $M_H \approx 35$ GeV. For the symmetric phase, bound state masses and the static force are determined and compared with results for pure $SU(2)$ theory.
description: 6 pages with 4 figures, latex,postscript figures and uuencoded
A ferroelectric problem beyond the conventional scaling law
Creators: name: Ye, Qi-Jun
name: Liu, Zhi-Yuan
name: Feng, Yexin
name: Gao, Peng
name: Li, Xin-Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferroelectric (FE) size effects against the scaling law were reported recently in ultrathin group-IV monochalcogenides, and extrinsic effects (e.g. defects and lattice strains) were often resorted to. Via first-principles based finite-temperature ($T$) simulations, we reveal that these abnormalities are intrinsic to their unusual symmetry breaking from bulk to thin film. Changes of the electronic structures result in different order parameters characterizing the FE phase transition in bulk and in thin films, and invalidation of the scaling law. Beyond the scaling law $T_{\text{c}}$ limit, this mechanism can help predicting materials promising for room-$T$ ultrathin FE devices of broad interest.
Additional file 1 of Validating the accuracy of real-time phase-contrast MRI and quantifying the effects of free breathing on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics
Creators: name: Liu, Pan
name: Owashi, Kimi
name: Monnier, Heimiri
name: Metanbou, Serge
name: Capel, Cyrille
name: Balédent, Olivier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1: Figure 1. Flowchart for selecting stationary tissues in the background field correction algorithm; Figure 2. CSF Qt data analysis for participant 22 at the C2-C3 level and prepontine cistern (PPC); Figure 3. Comparative analysis of cerebral blood flow (Qt-CBF) and CSF flow curves (Qt-CSF) for participant 22
Investigation of the High-Energy Emission from the Magnetar-like Pulsar PSR J1119-6127 after the 2016 Outburst
Creators: name: Lin, Lupin Chun-Che
name: Wang, Hui-Hui
name: Li, Kwan-Lok
name: Takata, Jumpei
name: Hu, Chin-Ping
name: Ng, C. -Y.
name: Hui, C. Y.
name: Kong, A. K. H.
name: Tam, Pak-Hin T.
name: Yeung, Paul K. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR J1119-6127 is a radio pulsar that behaved magnetar like bursts, and we performed a comprehensive investigation of this pulsar using the archival high-energy observations obtained after its outburst in 2016 July. After the 2016 outburst, specific regions on the neutron star surface were heated up to > 0.3 and > 1 keV from about 0.2 keV. A hard non-thermal spectral component with a photon index < 0.5 related to the magnetospheric emission can be resolved from the NuSTAR spectra above 10 keV. We find that the thermal emitting regions did not cool down and gradually shrank by about (20-35)% four months after the outburst. Hard X-ray pulsations were detected with NuSTAR immediately after the outburst, at 5 sigma confidence level and with a background-subtracted pulsed fraction of (40+-10)%. However, the signal became undetectable after a few days. Using Fermi data, we found that the gamma-ray emission in 0.5-300 GeV was suppressed along with the disappearance of the radio pulsations. This is likely caused by a reconfiguration of the magnetic field. We also discovered that the timing noise evolved dramatically, and the spin-down rate significantly increased after the 2016 glitch. We proposed that post-outburst temporal and spectral behaviors from radio to gamma-ray bands were caused by changes of the magnetosphere structure, pair plasma injection and the shrinking emission sites on the neutron star.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures and 5 tables. accepted by ApJ