cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Osteology of the Wide-Hipped Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur Savannasaurus Elliottorum from the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia
Creators: name: Poropat, Stephen F.
name: Mannion, Philip D.
name: Upchurch, Paul
name: Tischler, Travis R.
name: Sloan, Trish
name: Sinapius, George H. K.
name: Elliott, Judy A.
name: Elliott, David A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur Savannasaurus elliottorum is represented by a partial postcranial skeleton from the lower Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–lowermost Turonian) Winton Formation of Queensland, northeast Australia. Here, we present a detailed description of this specimen, as well as an emended diagnosis for this titanosaur. Savannasaurus elliottorum displays numerous character states that are generally regarded as plesiomorphic for Titanosauria, as well as several traits that are often regarded as apomorphic of that clade or a less inclusive subset thereof. Several features of Savannasaurus support a close relationship with the coeval Diamantinasaurus matildae, and this clade appears to occupy an early-branching position within Titanosauria. Relative to body size, the thoracic and abdominal breadth of Savannasaurus is greater than that seen in giant titanosaurs such as the contemporaneous South American lognkosaurians; however, this relative breadth is not quite as extreme as that of the small-bodied latest Cretaceous saltasaurines, or Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii. The possible advantages engendered by the barrel-shaped thorax, robust limbs, wide-gauge gait, and lack of hyposphene-hypantrum articulations are explored, and it is hypothesized that these traits were positively selected by the wet, temperate floodplain environment in which Savannasaurus lived. Greater stability and flexibility might have reduced the risk of bogging, and/or facilitated more expedient self-extraction from muddy waterholes. Similar environmental pressures acting upon other titanosaurian taxa or clades elsewhere might have led to the repeated independent development, or accentuation, of the bauplan regarded as ‘typical’ for the clade Titanosauria. This would explain the many observed convergences between Savannasaurus and Diamantinasaurus, and Saltasauridae.
title: Event-Based Precipitation Patterns of Ring Current Electrons Observed by Riometers
Creators: name: Keenan, Christian
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Magnetosphere
subject: Riometer
subject: Physics

description: A primary loss mechanism for high-energy particles in the Earth’s ring current is precipitation into the ionosphere. Precipitation has been historically difficult to quantify since it is primarily studied with in situ satellites. With in situ approaches, it is difficult to understand the spatial-temporal nature of the precipitation. In this thesis, ground-based measurements of high-energy electron precipitation are used to characterize and classify ring current electron precipitation events based on their spatial extent and temporal behaviour. As will be shown, there are multiple types of events visible in the ground-based data. When separated in this manner, these event types display different characteristics that demonstrate they are likely connected to different precipitation mechanisms. These results are important because they shed light on dominant wave-particle interactions in the ring current region, and pave the way for more detailed studies of wave-particle coupling and quantifying ring current losses.
GDN: A Stacking Network Used for Skin Cancer Diagnosis
Creators: name: Wei, Jingmin
name: Shen, Haoyang
name: Wang, Ziyi
name: Zhang, Ziqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Skin cancer, the primary type of cancer that can be identified by visual recognition, requires an automatic identification system that can accurately classify different types of lesions. This paper presents GoogLe-Dense Network (GDN), which is an image-classification model to identify two types of skin cancer, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma. GDN uses stacking of different networks to enhance the model performance. Specifically, GDN consists of two sequential levels in its structure. The first level performs basic classification tasks accomplished by GoogLeNet and DenseNet, which are trained in parallel to enhance efficiency. To avoid low accuracy and long training time, the second level takes the output of the GoogLeNet and DenseNet as the input for a logistic regression model. We compare our method with four baseline networks including ResNet, VGGNet, DenseNet, and GoogLeNet on the dataset, in which GoogLeNet and DenseNet significantly outperform ResNet and VGGNet. In the second level, different stacking methods such as perceptron, logistic regression, SVM, decision trees and K-neighbor are studied in which Logistic Regression shows the best prediction result among all. The results prove that GDN, compared to a single network structure, has higher accuracy in optimizing skin cancer detection.
description: Published at ICSPS 2021
Zero density limit extrapolation of the superfluid transition temperature in a unitary atomic Fermi gas on a lattice
Creators: name: Chen, Qijin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superfluid transition temperature $T_c$ of a unitary Fermi gas on a three-dimensional isotropic lattice with an attractive on-site interaction is investigated as a function of density $n$, from half filling down to $5.0\times 10^{-7}$ per unit cell, using a pairing fluctuation theory. We show that except at very low densities ($n^{1/3} <0.2$), where $T_c/E_F$ is linear in $n^{1/3}$, $T_c/E_F$ exhibits significant higher order nonlinear dependence on $n^{1/3}$. Therefore, linear extrapolation using results at intermediate densities such as in typical quantum Monte Carlo simulations leads to a significant underestimate of the zero density limit of $T_c/E_F$. Our result, $T_c/E_F=0.256$, at $n=0$ is subject to reduction from particle-hole fluctuations and incoherent single particle self energy corrections.
description: version 3 contains significant revisions in the introduction and discussions
title: Examining the activation of xenobiotic receptors using microbial metabolites and chemical ligands
Creators: name: Shenoda, Eva Ibrahim Gorgy
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Xenobiotic receptors
subject: organoids
subject: 3D culture
subject: 2D culture
subject: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)
subject: Pregnane X Receptor (PXR)
subject: Xenobiotic Metabolism
subject: Gut microbiota
subject: Transcriptomic Responses
subject: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
subject: Indole-3-pyruvic Acid (IPyA)
subject: Pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN)
subject: Indole-3-propionic Acid (IPA)
subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) are key xenobiotic receptors involved in regulating chemical metabolism and detoxification. Traditionally, these receptors were known for mediating toxic responses by sensing and responding to chemicals. Recent research shows their role in maintaining gut homeostasis and regulating inflammation. However, the mechanisms by which they induce these responses are not clear. This thesis examines whether the activation of AhR and PXR in epithelial cells by microbial metabolites versus chemical ligands drives unique transcriptional responses and could explain differences in beneficial versus deleterious biological outcomes in the host. PXR and AhR were activated with indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA) as microbial metabolites, and pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as chemical ligands, respectively. We compared responses to these ligands, revealing significant gene expression differences. Further analysis showed both IPyA and TCDD activated genes involved in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling and metabolism. IPyA upregulated genes for ATP synthesis and purine biosynthesis, while TCDD promoted genes related to cell cycle, cancer, and apoptosis. Given that AhR translocates to the nucleus upon activation, we hypothesized that the differences in transcriptomic responses and gene induction might be attributed to differences in nuclear translocation of AhR, with TCDD potentially inducing greater nuclear translocation compared to IPyA. To test this hypothesis, we established a cellular fractionation protocol for organoids. However, our results revealed no significant difference in AhR nuclear translocation between the two treatments, suggesting that other factors may affect gene expression in the AhR pathway. These findings highlight AhR and PXR's complex roles in gut health and inflammation, suggesting receptor activation can have both adverse and beneficial effects. This research enhances our understanding of AhR and PXR mechanisms and their potential for therapeutic strategies targeting gut disorders and inflammation.
Constraining holographic technicolor
Creators: name: Levkov, D. G.
name: Rubakov, V. A.
name: Troitsky, S. V.
name: Zenkevich, Y. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a new bound on the value of Peskin-Takeuchi S parameter in a wide class of bottom-up holographic models for technicolor. Namely, we show that weakly coupled holographic description in these models implies S>>0.2. Our bound is in conflict with the results of electroweak precision measurements, so it strongly disfavors the models we consider.
description: 8 pages; journal version
title: Potential for Prebiotic Fiber to Attenuate Obesity Risk and Insulin Resistance in Rat Offspring Exposed to a Maternal Obesogenic Diet with Low-Dose Aspartame Consumption
Creators: name: Venegas Silva, Gabriel Andres
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Obesity
subject: Artificial sweeteners
subject: Aspartame
subject: Prebiotic fiber
subject: Insulin resistance
subject: Gut microbiota
subject: Education--Health
subject: Nutrition
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Maternal diet during pregnancy has a lasting impact on offspring health. Our objective was to examine if offspring postnatal oligofructose prebiotic fibre (Pre) intake could mitigate metabolic risks of a maternal obesogenic diet plus aspartame (APM) consumption. Following 11 weeks of obesity induction, female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=29) were randomized during pregnancy and lactation to a high fat/sucrose (HFS) diet with water control (CTR) or HFS with APM (7mg/kg/day) in drinking water. Offspring of each maternal group were weaned onto the following four groups: CTR-CTR, APM-CTR, CTR-Pre, and APM-Pre from 3-12 weeks of age. Energy intake, body weight, fecal microbiota, and metabolic outcomes including body composition, glucose tolerance, and liver triglycerides were assessed in dams and offspring. Metabolic disturbances were not observed in APM dams yet maternal APM exposure with HFS diet increased hepatic triglyceride levels (p=0.046) and influenced gut microbiota beta diversity (p=0.029) in 3-week old weanlings, and increased body weight in young male offspring at 4-5 weeks of age (p<0.05). By week 12, females in the APM-Pre group had lower body weight (p=0.046), greater (%) lean mass (p=0.044), reduced (%) body fat (p=0.047) compared to CTR-CTR; The female APM-Pre group also had greater (%) lean mass (p=0.006) and reduced (%) body fat (p=0.009) than the APM-CTR group. Postnatal Pre intake improved glucose tolerance and AUC in males (p<0.001) with no effect in females and worsened insulin sensitivity in APM-Pre females (p<0.05) relative to CTR-CTR females with no effect in males. In adult offspring, Pre intake reduced alpha diversity (p<0.001), affected beta diversity (p<0.001), and increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Streptococcus while decreasing 5 other bacteria including Romboutsia. Maternal APM intake with an HFS diet may disrupt weight homeostasis, increase hepatic triglycerides and gut microbiota in young offspring with no effect of APM seen in later life. Postnatal Pre intake by offspring exposed to a maternal obesogenic diet is linked to lower body weight and improved body composition predominantly seen in female rats with improved glucose control seen in adult male rats. Noticeable shifts in gut microbiota secondary to Pre consumption may mediate these changes.
An Enigmatic Neodiapsid Reptile from the Middle Triassic of England
Creators: name: Cavicchini, Iacopo
name: Zaher, Marta
name: Benton, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The fossil record of early diapsids is sparse, specimens are uncommon and often incomplete, and phylogenetic relationships are hard to determine. A new taxon of early diapsid, Feralisaurus corami from the Middle Triassic of Devon, south-western England, is here named and described from an incomplete but mostly articulated skeleton, comprising skull, vertebrae, pectoral girdle, ribs, and the right forelimb. CT scanning and the resultant 3D model of the skeleton reveal anatomical details otherwise buried in the sandstone matrix. This new diapsid is characterized by a plesiomorphically high maxilla without a prominent nasal process, a quadrate with a lateral conch, a low jugal with small posterior process, conical teeth with pleurodont implantation, a high coronoid process, notochordal vertebrae, a long humerus with an entepicondylar foramen, rod-like clavicles, a ‘T’-shaped interclavicle, and a ventrolateral process of the scapulocoracoid. Phylogenetic analyses, although showing generalized weak support, retrieved Feralisaurus within Neodiapsida or stem-group Lepidosauromorpha: its morphology supports the latter hypothesis. This specimen adds to our knowledge of the early diversification of Lepidosauromorpha and of English Middle Triassic terrestrial faunas.
title: Use of pressurized ozonation for sulfolane degradation in aqueous solutions
Creators: name: Zare, Nasim
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: This study investigated the degradation of sulfolane using a pressurized ozonation system in a bench-scale setup, focusing on the effects of operational parameters including system pressures, ozone flow rates, and ozone percentages. The optimal conditions for sulfolane degradation—achieving 90% degradation within 120 minutes—were found to be at a pressure of 20 psi (137.9 kPa), an ozone flow rate of 1 L/min, an ozone percentage of 100%, and an ozone concentration of 3.4 mg/L. The presence of bromide in water led to the formation of bromate, a potential carcinogen, during ozonation. As a result, the effect of initial bromide concentration and system pressure on bromate formation during the ozonation process was examined. The study also evaluated the impact of various inorganic contaminants (HCO3-, Br-, Cl-, SO42-, Mn2+, and Fe3+) on sulfolane degradation. The presence of sulfate slightly improved sulfolane degradation, while others decreased its efficacy. A study on the groundwater samples with pressurized ozonation resulted in 61% sulfolane degradation. Additionally, the degradation of sulfolane using pressurized ozonation under different initial concentrations of 1 mg/L, 20 mg/L, and 100 mg/L was investigated. The lowest concentration had the highest sulfolane degradation. Furthermore, the impact of the addition of various metal ions (Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺) on degradation efficacy demonstrated that zinc and magnesium were the only metal ions that enhanced degradation. Moreover, the combination of activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and ozonation was explored, in this regard a few activating agents were studied. Among those that were investigated zinc activation did not considerably enhance sulfolane degradation, while activation with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) achieved near-total degradation. Investigating on concentration change indicated that altering pH was more effective than changing PMS dosage. Finally, the impact of pH changes in pressurized ozonation for reverse osmosis (RO) and tap water matrices confirmed that higher pH levels considerably improved degradation efficacy, achieving up to 98% removal in both water matrices. These findings indicated that optimizing pH and metal ion type is critical for enhancing sulfolane degradation in pressurized ozonation systems.
The bipolar outflow and disk of the brown dwarf ISO217
Creators: name: Joergens, V.
name: Pohl, A.
name: Sicilia-Aguilar, A.
name: Henning, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the very young brown dwarf candidate ISO217 (M6.25) is driving an intrinsically asymmetric bipolar outflow with a stronger and slightly faster red-shifted component based on spectro-astrometry of forbidden [SII] emission lines observed in UVES/VLT spectra taken in 2009. ISO217 is only one of a handful of brown dwarfs and VLMS (M5-M8) for which an outflow has been detected and that show that the T Tauri phase continues at the substellar limit. We measure a spatial extension of the outflow of +/-190mas (+/-30AU) and velocities of +/-40-50kms/s. We show that the velocity asymmetry between both lobes is variable on timescales of a few years and that the strong asymmetry of a factor of 2 found in 2007 might be smaller than originally anticipated when using a more realistic stellar rest-velocity. We also detect forbidden [FeII]7155 emission, for which we propose as potential origin the hot inner regions of the outflow. To understand the ISO217 system, we determine the disk properties based on radiative transfer modeling of the SED. This disk model agrees very well with Herschel/PACS data at 70mu. We find that the disk is flared and intermediately inclined (~45deg). The total disk mass (4e-6 Msun) is small compared to the accretion and outflow rate of ISO217 (~1e-10 Msun/yr). We propose that this discrepancy can be explained by either a higher disk mass than inferred from the model (strong undetected grain growth) and/or by an on average lower accretion and outflow rate than the determined values. We show that a disk inclination significantly exceeding 45deg, as suggested from Halpha modeling and from both lobes of the outflow being visible, is inconsistent with the SED data. Thus, despite its intermediate inclination angle, the disk of this brown dwarf does not appear to obscure the red outflow component, which is very rarely seen for T Tauri objects (only one other case).
description: Accepted for publication at A&A; minor changes (language editing)
Description of a New Species of Fossil Ceratophrys (Anura: Ceratophryidae) From Versalles Cave, São Paulo, Brazil
Creators: name: Barcelos, Lucas A.
name: Almeida-Silva, Diego
name: Santos, Charles M. D.
name: Verdade, Vanessa K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: We describe a new fossil species of Ceratophrys from cave sediments in Brazil tentatively assessed as late Pleistocene–early Holocene in age. The specimen consists of a nearly complete skull that is missing only the right premaxilla and the right columella. A detailed description and comparative analysis, which considers both living and fossil species, supports the conclusion that the specimen represents a previously unknown, extinct species of Ceratophrys. Poorly represented and assessed characters, paleodistribution of Ceratophryidae, and the taxonomic rectification of the Ceratophrys fossil specimens described by Günther (1859) are also discussed. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17DCC830-93AB-4FB6-9377-0467E8F3BDF9
title: Mechanisms of Mycophenolic Acid-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity and Potential Therapeutic Interventions in Primary Mouse Colonic Organoids
Creators: name: Mack-Bowles, Brenan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mycophenolate mofetil
subject: Mycophenolic acid
subject: Immunosuppressive therapy
subject: Cell culture
subject: Organoids
subject: Gastrointestinal toxicity
subject: Colonoid culture
subject: Intestinal barrier function
subject: Transepithelial resistance
subject: FITC-dextran permeability
subject: Total RNA-sequencing
subject: Guanosine supplementation
subject: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
subject: Colonoid monolayer culture
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) is a commonly prescribed immunosuppressant that demonstrates important clinical relevance. However, MMF therapy is linked to frequent gastrointestinal (GI) side effects that limit its use. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying MMF-induced GI injury. Using a primary mouse colon organoid model, we have found that mycophenolic acid (MPA), the pharmacologically active metabolite of MMF, significantly alters intestinal barrier function and permeability through modulation of tight junctions. RNA sequencing revealed that MPA significantly disrupted pathways related to cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, cytoskeleton dynamics, and suppression of senescence. MPA was observed to significantly reduce cellular proliferation, which was ameliorated through guanosine supplementation. Addition of exogenous guanosine was also observed to significantly restore barrier function back to control levels. The guanosine studies presented in this thesis suggest MPA’s inhibition of nucleotide metabolism is not selective for lymphocytes but is broader than originally described. This work represents one of the first investigations of MPA using a colon organoid model, providing critical insights into the intracellular mechanisms of MPA-induced GI toxicity.
Lattice QCD study of the radiative decays $J/ψ\to η_cγ$ and $h_c\to η_cγ$
Creators: name: Becirevic, Damir
name: Sanfilippo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of our lattice QCD study of the hadronic matrix elements relevant to the physical radiative $J/ψ\to η_cγ$ and $h_c\to η_cγ$ decays. We used the twisted mass QCD action with $N_{\rm f}=2$ light dynamical quarks and from the computations made at four lattice spacings we were able to take the continuum limit. Besides the form factors parameterizing the above decays we also computed: (i) the hyperfine splitting and obtained $Δ= 112\pm 4$ MeV, (ii) the annihilation constant $f_{J/ψ}$ which agrees with the one inferred from the measured $Γ(J/ψ\to e^+e^-)$.
description: 23 pages [version published in JHEP]
The design of a hybrid text-entry system using a self-paced brain-computer interface and an eye-tracker
Creators: name: Yong, Xinyi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis proposes a hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) system that consists of a self-paced BCI (SBCI) and an eye-tracker to operate a virtual keyboard. The design aims to overcome the difficulties encountered by individuals with disabilities that prohibit them from using a standard keyboard and a mouse. To make a text-entry of a letter/word, the user of the proposed system should gaze at the target for at least a specific period of time (called the dwell time) and then attempt a hand extension movement that activates the SBCI. Although the SBCI is available for use at any time, a built-in sleep mode is activated when the user is not looking at a letter/word or when the user gazes at a letter/word for less than the dwell time. Such a design has the advantage of greatly minimizing the false positive (FP) outcomes compared to state-of-the-art SBCIs. While operating a pure or a hybrid BCI, artefacts such as ocular and muscle artefacts frequently contaminate the EEG signals and subsequently the BCI's performance is degraded. To overcome this problem, the thesis proposes two algorithms for detecting and removing various types of artefacts. Both algorithms are fully automatic and do not use additional electrooculogram, electromyogram or frontal/temporal EEG channels. They also allow real-time processing. The proposed artefact removal algorithm does not require long data segments and reduces the signal distortion. When the artefact detection and removal algorithms are applied to our hybrid BCI, we demonstrate that for dwell time threshold of 0.0s, the number of FPs/minute is two and the true positive rate (TPR) is 44.7%, which is more than 15.0% higher compared to other state-of-the-art artefact handling methods. As the dwell time increases to 1.0s, the TPR increases to 73.1%. Finally, an algorithm that adaptively updates the classifier of the hybrid BCI during online operation is proposed. This allows the system to adapt to changes in the properties of EEG signals and improves its performance. We show that in our application, the proposed algorithm successfully reduces the number of FPs generated per minute. It also outperforms other state-of-the-art adaptive classifiers used in this study.
title: Alternating Current Stimulation for Essential Tremor
Creators: name: Adeoti, Adesewa Janet
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Essential Tremor
subject: Alternating Current Stimulation
subject: Movement Disorder
subject: Tremor
subject: Non-invasive Neurostimulation
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biophysics--Medical
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Education--Health

description: Essential tremor is the most common movement disorder, characterized by involuntary rhythmic shaking of the hands, head, trunk, vocal cords, or legs. While the pathophysiological mechanisms of essential tremor are not fully understood, research suggests the involvement of a complex network called the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. This network includes the inferior olive nuclei, cerebellum, red nucleus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. Tremor generation in essential tremor is believed to be linked to neurodegeneration, abnormalities in a central oscillatory network, or dysfunction of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. Current treatments for essential tremor are largely unappealing to patients due to either being invasive (surgical), ineffective, and/or causing severe side effects. Previous studies on the impact of ACS in tremor are limited in number and lack a standardized protocol. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of open-loop transcranial and transcutaneous alternating current stimulation on tremor in essential tremor, when delivered over the primary motor cortex and arm at a patient’s dominant tremor frequency. Our results revealed that both transcranial and transcutaneous open-loop alternating current stimulation, delivered to the primary motor cortex and upper arm at a patient’s dominant tremor frequency did not reduce tremor amplitude nor increase tremor ratio. Our study, being the first of its kind, informs on the need for more proof of principle studies in this field that will narrow down the most effective stimulation parameters, and structural targets.
Time-Relative RTK-GNSS: GNSS Loop Closure in Pose Graph Optimization
Creators: name: Suzuki, Taro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A pose-graph-based optimization technique is widely used to estimate robot poses using various sensor measurements from devices such as laser scanners and cameras. The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has recently been used to estimate the absolute 3D position of outdoor mobile robots. However, since the accuracy of GNSS single-point positioning is only a few meters, the GNSS is not used for the loop closure of a pose graph. The main purpose of this study is to generate a loop closure of a pose graph using a time-relative real-time kinematic GNSS (TR-RTK-GNSS) technique. The proposed TR-RTK-GNSS technique uses time-differential carrier phase positioning, which is based on carrier-phase-based differential GNSS with a single GNSS receiver. Unlike a conventional RTK-GNSS, we can directly compute the robot's relative position using only a stand-alone GNSS receiver. The initial pose graph is generated from the accumulated velocity computed from GNSS Doppler measurements. To reduce the accumulated error of velocity, we use the TR-RTK-GNSS technique for the loop closure in the graph-based optimization framework. The kinematic positioning tests were performed using an unmanned aerial vehicle to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique. From the tests, we can estimate the vehicle's trajectory with approximately 3 cm accuracy using only a stand-alone GNSS receiver.
description: Published in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L) and presented at the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2020
On the existence of curves with a triple point on a K3 surface
Creators: name: Galati, Concettina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B07, 14H10, 14J28

description: Let $(S,H)$ be a general primitively polarized $K3$ surface of genus $\p$ and let $p_a(nH)$ be the arithmetic genus of $nH.$ We prove the existence in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|$ of curves with a triple point and $A_k$-singularities. In particular, we show the existence of curves of geometric genus $g$ in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|$ with a triple point and nodes as singularities and corresponding to regular points of their equisingular deformation locus, for every $1\leq g\leq p_a(nH)-3$ and $(\p,n)\neq (4,1).$ Our result is obtained by studying the versal deformation space of a non-planar quadruple point.
description: 18 pages; 2 figures; references updated; typos corrected; minor changes in the abstract and in the statement of Lemma 4.1 and Theorem 1.1; a mistake in the proof of Theorem 1.1 corrected; Remark 4.4 added; statement of Corollary 4.3 corrected; final version incorporating the referees corrections. To appear on Rend. Lincei Math. Appl
Description of a new species of fossil Ceratophrys (Anura: Ceratophryidae) from Versalles Cave, São Paulo, Brazil
Creators: name: Barcelos, Lucas A.
name: Almeida-Silva, Diego
name: Santos, Charles M. D.
name: Verdade, Vanessa K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: We describe a new fossil species of Ceratophrys from cave sediments in Brazil tentatively assessed as late Pleistocene–early Holocene in age. The specimen consists of a nearly complete skull that is missing only the right premaxilla and the right columella. A detailed description and comparative analysis, which considers both living and fossil species, supports the conclusion that the specimen represents a previously unknown, extinct species of Ceratophrys. Poorly represented and assessed characters, paleodistribution of Ceratophryidae, and the taxonomic rectification of the Ceratophrys fossil specimens described by Günther (1859) are also discussed.
title: Novel Compression Strategies for Dynamic NeRF Plane Embeddings: Quantization, Pruning, and Spatiotemporal Decoupling
Creators: name: Mohammed, Elsayed
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Deep Learning
subject: Neural Radiance Field
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: Dynamic neural radiance fields (NeRF) have recently been introduced to extend NeRF’s capabilities to small videos and time-changing immersive experiences. Dynamic NeRF models the temporal changes in a 3D scene in addition to the 3D scene structure and appearance. To accomplish this, the size of these models is typically very large, even for short immersive experiences. This thesis investigates compression strategies for dynamic NeRF to enhance memory and communication efficiency while maintaining rendering quality for future immersive applications such as virtual and augmented reality. Focusing on the hybrid KPlanes representation, we first analyze the sparsity and redundancy of embeddings and then propose three novel techniques for compression and optimization. Our key contributions include quantization approaches that significantly reduce memory requirements while maintaining visual fidelity, and pruning strategies that eliminate less significant embeddings. We also introduce a combined pruning and quantization method that achieves substantial model size reductions. Additionally, we propose a concept of decoupling spatiotemporal embeddings to reduce their number and enhance scalability for longer dynamic NeRF representations. The findings highlight the potential for dynamic NeRFs to meet the demands of next-generation communication technologies and facilitate seamless immersive experiences, paving the way for their broader application in real-world scenarios.
Safety and tolerability of HIV-1 multiantigen pDNA vaccine given with IL-12 plasmid DNA via electroporation, boosted with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus HIV Gag vaccine in healthy volunteers in a randomized, controlled clinical trial
Creators: name: Elizaga, Marnie L.
name: Li, Shuying S.
name: Kochar, Nidhi K.
name: Wilson, Gregory J.
name: Allen, Mary A.
name: Tieu, Hong Van N.
name: Frank, Ian
name: Sobieszczyk, Magdalena
name: Cohen, Kristen W.
name: Sanchez, Brittany
name: Latham, Theresa E.
name: Clarke, David K.
name: Egan, Michael A.
name: Eldridge, John H.
name: Hangman, Drew
name: Xu, Rong
name: Ota-Setlik, Ayuko
name: McElrath, M. Juliana
name: Hay, Christine Mhorag
name: NIAID HIV Vaccine Trials Network
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: DNA vaccines
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cytology
subject: Vaccines--Research

description: Background
The addition of plasmid cytokine adjuvants, electroporation, and live attenuated viral vectors may further optimize immune responses to DNA vaccines in heterologous prime-boost combinations. The objective of this study was to test the safety and tolerability of a novel prime-boost vaccine regimen incorporating these strategies with different doses of IL-12 plasmid DNA adjuvant.

Methods
In a phase 1 study, 88 participants received an HIV-1 multiantigen (gag/pol, env, nef/tat/vif) DNA vaccine (HIV-MAG, 3000 μg) co-administered with IL-12 plasmid DNA adjuvant at 0, 250, 1000, or 1500 μg (N = 22/group) given intramuscularly with electroporation (Ichor TriGrid™ Delivery System device) at 0, 1 and 3 months; followed by attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype Indiana, expressing HIV-1 Gag (VSV-Gag), 3.4 ⊆ 107 plaque-forming units (PFU), at 6 months; 12 others received placebo. Injections were in both deltoids at each timepoint. Participants were monitored for safety and tolerability for 15 months.

Results
The dose of IL-12 pDNA did not increase pain scores, reactogenicity, or adverse events with the co-administered DNA vaccine, or following the VSV-Gag boost. Injection site pain and reactogenicity were common with intramuscular injections with electroporation, but acceptable to most participants. VSV-Gag vaccine often caused systemic reactogenicity symptoms, including a viral syndrome (in 41%) of fever, chills, malaise/fatigue, myalgia, and headache; and decreased lymphocyte counts 1 day after vaccination.

Conclusions
HIV-MAG DNA vaccine given by intramuscular injection with electroporation was safe at all doses of IL-12 pDNA. The VSV-Gag vaccine at this dose was associated with fever and viral symptoms in some participants, but the vaccine regimens were safe and generally well-tolerated.
title: Development of High-Strength Composites with Sustainable Fibers for Structural Applications
Creators: name: Sarker, Rahul
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biocomposites
subject: 3D printing
subject: Chemical treatment
subject: PLA
subject: Underutilized biomass
subject: CNT
subject: Probe sonication
subject: Asphaltene-derived Carbon Fiber
subject: Engineering

description: Despite Canada's abundant biomass resources, a significant portion remains underutilized due to a lack of large-scale industrial applications. This research explores the utilization of low-value biomass, specifically aspen fiber, in fused filament fabrication (FFF) to develop biocomposites. Various chemical treatments (NaOH, silane, and maleic anhydride (MA)) were applied to improve fiber compatibility with polylactic acid (PLA). Both untreated and treated fibers at 10% loading were blended with PLA and extruded into 3D printable filaments. Results showed that MA-treated fiber-based composites had around 15% higher tensile strength and modulus, along with a 30% enhancement in storage modulus than untreated ones. Additionally, a 25% reduction in water uptake was witnessed in MA-treated aspen-derived composites. Successfully 3D-printed biocomposites with up to 30% fiber loading were achieved without nozzle clogging, though higher fiber loading negatively impacted mechanical properties. This study also investigates the potential of CNT incorporation in asphaltene-derived carbon fibers and the impact of carbon fiber reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of biocomposites. This research contributes to the development of sustainable and high-performance composite materials by exploring the potential of underutilized resources and advanced manufacturing techniques.
A New Look at Carboniferous Rhizodontid Humeri (Sarcopterygii; Tetrapodomorpha)
Creators: name: Johanson, Zerina
name: Jeffery, Jonathan
name: Challands, Tom
name: Pierce, Stephanie E.
name: Clack, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The Rhizodontida are a group of tetrapodomorph sarcopterygian fishes with a worldwide distribution in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. Rhizodontids were first described in the U.K., with Carboniferous taxa such as Rhizodus, Strepsodus, and Archichthys each based on isolated teeth (probably symphysial tusks) with distinctive morphologies. Some isolated fin material has also been described, including humeri, but this material has generally been assigned to either Rhizodus or Strepsodus purely on the basis of its size (with the larger material assigned to Rhizodus) or lithology (with specimens in coalshale assigned to Strepsodus). As a first step towards resolving this situation, we have utilized micro-CT scans of U.K. rhizodontid humeri, including newly discovered specimens from Scotland, to establish four distinct humeral morphogroups. This provides a robust framework for interpreting future discoveries, with the hope that these morphogroups can ultimately be securely linked with the distinctive tooth morphologies. The histology of the endochondral bone of the rhizodontid humerus is also described for the first time. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DABDD50C-9072-4932-BECF-2F6D2AF50C94
Casimir forces between cylinders at different temperatures
Creators: name: Golyk, Vladyslav A.
name: Krüger, Matthias
name: Reid, M. T. Homer
name: Kardar, Mehran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Casimir interactions between cylinders in thermal non-equilibrium, where the objects as well as the environment are held at different temperatures. We provide the general formula for the force, in a one reflection approximation, for cylinders of arbitrary radii and optical properties. As is the case for equilibrium, we find that the force for optically diluted cylinders can be obtained by appropriate summation of the corresponding result for spheres. We find that the non-equilibrium forces are generally larger than their equilibrium counterpart at separations greater than the thermal wavelength. They may also exhibit oscillations as function of separation, leading to stable points of zero net force. These effects are particularly pronounced for thin conducting cylinders (e.g. 40nm diameter nano-wires of tungsten) due to their large emissivity.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
The Morphology of Hadronic Emission Models for the Gamma-Ray Source at the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Linden, Tim
name: Lovegrove, Elizabeth
name: Profumo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, detections of a high-energy gamma-ray source at the position of the Galactic center have been reported by multiple gamma-ray telescopes, spanning the energy range between 100 MeV and 100 TeV. Analysis of these signals strongly suggests the TeV emission to have a morphology consistent with a point source up to the angular resolution of the HESS telescope (approximately 3 pc), while the point-source nature of the GeV emission is currently unsettled, with indications that it may be spatially extended. In the case that the emission is hadronic and in a steady state, we show that the expected gamma-ray morphology is dominated by the distribution of target gas, rather than by details of cosmic-ray injection and propagation. Specifically, we expect a significant portion of hadronic emission to coincide with the position of the circum-nuclear ring, which resides between 1-3 pc from the Galactic center. We note that the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be able to observe conclusive correlations between the morphology of the TeV gamma-ray source and the observed gas density, convincingly confirming or ruling out a hadronic origin for the gamma-ray emission.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to ApJ
GIT-Net: Generalized Integral Transform for Operator Learning
Creators: name: Wang, Chao
name: Thiery, Alexandre Hoang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article introduces GIT-Net, a deep neural network architecture for approximating Partial Differential Equation (PDE) operators, inspired by integral transform operators. GIT-NET harnesses the fact that differential operators commonly used for defining PDEs can often be represented parsimoniously when expressed in specialized functional bases (e.g., Fourier basis). Unlike rigid integral transforms, GIT-Net parametrizes adaptive generalized integral transforms with deep neural networks. When compared to several recently proposed alternatives, GIT-Net's computational and memory requirements scale gracefully with mesh discretizations, facilitating its application to PDE problems on complex geometries. Numerical experiments demonstrate that GIT-Net is a competitive neural network operator, exhibiting small test errors and low evaluations across a range of PDE problems. This stands in contrast to existing neural network operators, which typically excel in just one of these areas.
Characteristic numbers of algebraic varieties
Creators: name: Kotschick, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R20, 57R77, 14J99

description: A rational linear combination of Chern numbers is an oriented diffeomorphism invariant of smooth complex projective varieties if and only if it is a linear combination of the Euler and Pontryagin numbers. In dimension at least three only multiples of the top Chern number, which is the Euler characteristic, are invariant under diffeomorphisms that are not necessarily orientation-preserving. In the space of Chern numbers there are two distinguished subspaces, one spanned by the Euler and Pontryagin numbers, the other spanned by the Hirzebruch--Todd numbers. Their intersection is the span of the Euler number and the signature.
description: 4 pages, published
Performance Comparison of Transformation Methods in Data Mining Classification Technique
Creators: name: Piyawan Ninthanom
Publisher: name: Thammasat University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Transformation
Min-Max Normalization
Z-Score Standardization
Decimal Scaling
Median Method
K-Nearest Neighbor
Artificial Neural Network
Na?ve Bayes

description: Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 10, 1, 14-25
FGF-induced Pea3 transcription factors program the genetic landscape for cell fate determination
Creators: name: Garg, Ankur
name: Hannan, Abdul
name: Wang, Qian
name: Collins, Tamica
name: Teng, Siying
name: Bansal, Mukesh
name: Zhong, Jian
name: Xu, Keli
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Transcription factors
Ophthalmology
Gene expression
Cytology
Cell determination

description: FGF signaling is a potent inducer of lacrimal gland development in the eye, capable of transforming the corneal epithelium into glandular tissues. Here, we show that genetic ablation of the Pea3 family of transcription factors not only disrupted the ductal elongation and branching of the lacrimal gland, but also biased the lacrimal gland epithelium toward an epidermal cell fate. Analysis of high-throughput gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation data revealed that the Pea3 genes directly control both the positive and negative feedback loops of FGF signaling. Importantly, Pea3 genes are also required to suppress aberrant Notch signaling which, if gone unchecked, can compromise lacrimal gland development by preventing the expression of both Sox and Six family genes. These results demonstrate that Pea3 genes are key FGF early response transcriptional factors, programing the genetic landscape for cell fate determination.