cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Visualizing gravitational Bessel waves
Creators: name: Paták, Aleš
name: Zouhar, Martin
name: Řiháček, Tomáš
name: Brzobohatý, Oto
name: Geršl, Jan
name: Campbell, Anna Charvátová
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly derive a~vortex inspired solution for the metric perturbation within the linearized Einsteins general theory of relativity in arbitrary dimensions $D\geq 4$. We focus on $D=4$ where our solution is the gravitational analog of the well-known electromagnetic (or electron) Bessel vortex beams. Next we visualize the perturbed spacetime via tidal tendexes and frame-drag vortexes. We display and analyze mostly two-dimensional sections of the tendexes and the vortexes for different values of an angular momentum of the wave solution. Corresponding geodesic deviation equations are solved and the results are visualized. We show that the physically most important quadrupolelike case leads to a~wave with rotating polarization. We discuss asymptotical features of the found solution. We provide also several 3D plots of tendex lines. One of them concerns a~special cylindrical-like case and we utilize the topological classification of singularities of the depicted line fields as an approach to characterize the radiation field.
description: Published in PRD, final full-text available at the following link: https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044050
Distance-learning For Approximate Bayesian Computation To Model a Volcanic Eruption
Creators: name: Pacchiardi, Lorenzo
name: Kunzli, Pierre
name: Schoengens, Marcel
name: Chopard, Bastien
name: Dutta, Ritabrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) provides us with a way to infer parameters of models, for which the likelihood function is not available, from an observation. Using ABC, which depends on many simulations from the considered model, we develop an inferential framework to learn parameters of a stochastic numerical simulator of volcanic eruption. Moreover, the model itself is parallelized using Message Passing Interface (MPI). Thus, we develop a nested-parallelized MPI communicator to handle the expensive numerical model with ABC algorithms. ABC usually relies on summary statistics of the data in order to measure the discrepancy model output and observation. However, informative summary statistics cannot be found for the considered model. We therefore develop a technique to learn a distance between model outputs based on deep metric-learning. We use this framework to learn the plume characteristics (eg. initial plume velocity) of the volcanic eruption from the tephra deposits collected by field-work associated with the 2450 BP Pululagua (Ecuador) volcanic eruption.
Whole genome sequencing of Plasmodium vivax isolates reveals frequent sequence and structural polymorphisms in erythrocyte binding genes
Creators: name: Ford, Anthony
name: Kepple, Daniel
name: Abagero, Beka Raya
name: Connors, Jordan
name: Pearson, Richard
name: Auburn, Sarah
name: Getachew, Sisay
name: Ford, Colby
name: Gunalan, Karthigayan
name: Miller, Louis H.
name: Janies, Daniel A.
name: Rayner, Julian C.
name: Yan, Guiyun
name: Yewhalaw, Delenasaw
name: Lo, Eugenia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
People and places
Medicine and health sciences

description: Plasmodium vivax malaria is much less common in Africa than the rest of the world because the parasite relies primarily on the Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor (DARC) to invade human erythrocytes, and the majority of Africans are Duffy negative. Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in the reporting of P. vivax cases in Africa, with a high number of them being in Duffy negative individuals, potentially indicating P. vivax has evolved an alternative invasion mechanism that can overcome Duffy negativity. Here, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number variation (CNV) in Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data from 44 P. vivax samples isolated from symptomatic malaria patients in southwestern Ethiopia, where both Duffy positive and Duffy negative individuals are found. A total of 123,711 SNPs were detected, of which 22.7% were nonsynonymous and 77.3% were synonymous mutations. The largest number of SNPs were detected on chromosomes 9 (24,007 SNPs; 19.4% of total) and 10 (16,852 SNPs, 13.6% of total). There were particularly high levels of polymorphism in erythrocyte binding gene candidates including merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) and merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3.5, MSP3.85 and MSP3.9). Two genes, MAEBL and MSP3.8 related to immunogenicity and erythrocyte binding function were detected with significant signals of positive selection. Variation in gene copy number was also concentrated in genes involved in host-parasite interactions, including the expansion of the Duffy binding protein gene (PvDBP) on chromosome 6 and MSP3.11 on chromosome 10. Based on the phylogeny constructed from the whole genome sequences, the expansion of these genes was an independent process among the P. vivax lineages in Ethiopia. We further inferred transmission patterns of P. vivax infections among study sites and showed various levels of gene flow at a small geographical scale. The genomic features of P. vivax provided baseline data for future comparison with those in Duffy-negative individuals and allowed us to develop a panel of informative Single Nucleotide Polymorphic markers diagnostic at a micro-geographical scale.
Medium modifications of kaons in pion matter
Creators: name: Martemyanov, B. V.
name: Faessler, Amand
name: Fuchs, C.
name: Krivoruchenko, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kaon in-medium masses and mean-field potentials are calculated in isotopically symmetric pion matter to one loop of chiral perturbation theory. The results are extended to RHIC temperatures using experimental data on $πK$ scattering phase shifts. The kaon in-medium broadening results in an acceleration of the $ϕ\to K\bar{K}$ decay. The increased apparent dilepton branching of the $ϕ$-mesons, observed recently by NA50, NA49, and the PHENIX collaborations at RHIC, is interpreted in terms of rescattering of secondary kaons inside of the pion matter.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, revised version accepted for publication in PRL
Word-level Textual Adversarial Attacking as Combinatorial Optimization
Creators: name: Zang, Yuan
name: Qi, Fanchao
name: Yang, Chenghao
name: Liu, Zhiyuan
name: Zhang, Meng
name: Liu, Qun
name: Sun, Maosong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Adversarial attacks are carried out to reveal the vulnerability of deep neural networks. Textual adversarial attacking is challenging because text is discrete and a small perturbation can bring significant change to the original input. Word-level attacking, which can be regarded as a combinatorial optimization problem, is a well-studied class of textual attack methods. However, existing word-level attack models are far from perfect, largely because unsuitable search space reduction methods and inefficient optimization algorithms are employed. In this paper, we propose a novel attack model, which incorporates the sememe-based word substitution method and particle swarm optimization-based search algorithm to solve the two problems separately. We conduct exhaustive experiments to evaluate our attack model by attacking BiLSTM and BERT on three benchmark datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our model consistently achieves much higher attack success rates and crafts more high-quality adversarial examples as compared to baseline methods. Also, further experiments show our model has higher transferability and can bring more robustness enhancement to victim models by adversarial training. All the code and data of this paper can be obtained on https://github.com/thunlp/SememePSO-Attack.
description: Accepted at ACL 2020 as a long paper (a typo is corrected as compared with the official conference camera-ready version). 16 pages, 3 figures
Randomized Control Trial of Postnatal rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 Replacement in Preterm Infants: Post-hoc Analysis of Its Effect on Brain Injury
Creators: name: Horsch, Sandra
name: Parodi, Alessandro
name: Hallberg, Boubou
name: Malova, Mariya
name: Björkman-Burtscher, Isabella M.
name: Hansen-Pupp, Ingrid
name: Marlow, Neil
name: Beardsall, Kathryn
name: Dunger, David
name: Van Weissenbruch, Mirjam
name: Smith, Lois E. H.
name: Hamdani, Mohamed
name: Mangili, Alexandra
name: Barton, Norman
name: Ramenghi, Luca A.
name: Hellström, Ann
name: Ley, David
name: ROPP-2008-01 Study Team
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Pediatrics
neonate
brain injury
cerebral hemorrhage
recombinant human IGF-1
extremely preterm

description: Background: Postnatal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) replacement with recombinant human (rh)IGF-1 and IGF binding protein-3 (rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3) is being studied as a potential treatment to reduce comorbidities of prematurity. We have recently reported on a phase II, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing postnatal rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 replacement with standard of care (SOC) in extremely preterm infants (NCT01096784). Maximum severity of retinopathy of prematurity was the primary endpoint of the trial and presence of GMH-IVH/PHI one of the pre-specified secondary endpoints. Infants therefore received serial cranial ultrasound scans (CUS) between birth and term age. In this post-hoc analysis we present a detailed analysis of the CUS data of this trial and evaluate the effect of postnatal rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 replacement on the incidence of different kinds of brain injury in extremely preterm infants. Methods: This report is an exploratory post-hoc analysis of a phase II trial in which infants <28 weeks gestational age were randomly allocated to rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 or SOC. Serial cranial ultrasounds were performed between birth and term-equivalent age. Presence of germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH), periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PHI), post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation, and white matter injury (WMI) were scored by two independent masked readers. Results: The analysis included 117 infants; 58 received rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 and 59 received SOC. A trend toward less grade II–III GMH-IVH and PHI was observed in treated infants vs. SOC. A subanalysis of infants without evidence of GMH-IVH at study entry (n = 104) showed reduced progression to GMH-IVH in treated infants (25.0% [13/52] vs. 40.4% [21/52]; not significant). No effects of rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 on WMI were observed. Conclusion: The potential protective effect of rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 on the occurrence of GMH-IVH/PHI appeared most pronounced in infants with no evidence of GMH-IVH at treatment start.
Study of beauty baryons decaying to D0pK and the amplitudes of Λb0→D0pK in the Dalitz plane with the LHCb experiment
Creators: name: Viemann, Harald
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physics

description: The study of the decays Λb0 / Ξb0→D0pK is presented using data of the LHCb experiment. Both decays can be used to measure charge parity (CP) violation. The measured CP asymmetries are in agreement with zero. The decays branching fractions are determined to B(Λb0→D0pK) = (4.61 ± 0.17stat ± 0.08syst ± 0.52ext) × 10-5 and fΞ⋅B(Ξb0→D0pK) = (2.18 ± 0.08stat ± 0.05syst ± 0.39ext) × 10-6, being one and a half times precise than the current best measurements. An amplitude analysis of the Λb0→D0pK phase space with D0→K-π+ yields a large fraction of a Λc+(2950) resonance and multiple Λ* resonances.
Phase separation in a two-dimensional binary colloidal mixture by quorum sensing activity
Creators: name: Singh, Jalim
name: Kumar, A. V. Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from Langevin dynamics simulations of a glassy active-passive mixture of soft-repulsive binary colloidal disks. Activity on the smaller particles is applied according to the quorum sensing scheme, in which a smaller particle will be active for a persistence time if its local nearest neighbors are equal to or greater than a certain threshold value. We start with a passive glassy state of the system and apply activity to the smaller particles, which shows a nonmonotonous glassy character of the active particles with the persistence time of the active force, from its passive limit (zero activity). On the other hand, passive particles of the active-passive mixture phase separate at the intermediate persistence time of the active force, resulting in the hexatic-liquid and solid-liquid phases. Thus, our system shows three regimes as active glass, phase separation, and active liquid, as the persistence time increases from its smaller values. We show that the solidlike and hexatic phases consisting of passive large particles are stable due to the smaller momentum transfer from active to passive particles, compared to the higher persistence time where the positional and orientational ordering vanishes. Our model is relevant to active biological systems, where glassy dynamics is present, e.g., bacterial cytoplasm, biological tissues, dense quorum sensing bacteria, and synthetic smart amorphous glasses.
description: 12 pages, 16 figures; typographic corrections in random Gaussian noise correlations and equation(4)
Fluctuation of the Correlation Dimension and the Inverse Participation Number at the Anderson Transition
Creators: name: Varga, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of the correlation dimension in a power law band random matrix model having critical, i.e. multifractal, eigenstates is numerically investigated. It is shown that their probability distribution function has a fixed point as the system size is varied exactly at a value obtained from the scaling properties of the typical value of the inverse participation number. Therefore the state-to-state fluctuation of the correlation dimension is tightly linked to the scaling properties of the joint probability distribution of the eigenstates.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Factors to be Considered in Planning High Speed Rails: Time, Population, Economic Markets, and Track Mileage
Creators: name: Bradley, Curtis
name: Mwakalonge, Judith
name: Bradley, Curtis
name: Mwakalonge, Judith
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics

description: In the last ten years, the United States has focused on the investment in high speed rails. With existing high speed rails (HSRs) and plans on reinvesting in high speed rail infrastructure, accurate planning and assessments are critical to make sure that these investments are spent wisely. Traditionally the investment in high speed rails is characterized by the infrastructure cost, operation and maintenance cost, and the overall revenue from ridership and savings. Studies have shown, that though these cost are accurate in determining the financial feasibility of high speed rails, the identified factors do not indicate the entire scope or potential of high speed rails. Additional factors should be utilized in determining whether HSRs are successful or not. The point of this research is to investigate additional factors of HSRs including time, population, the connection to economic markets, and the overall presence of HSR lines in a specific area in order to understand the significance of HSRs and to provide a platform on whether potential HSRs will be successful predicated off historical data. The net income or profit will be the determining factor on whether HSRs are successful or not being that this is the major concern on justifying the initial investment in HSRs. A regression model is utilized in order to determine whether investing in HSRs will be successful, by utilizing historical data of existing HSRs. This data shows the correlation between the noted factors (time, population, economic markets and track miles) and the profitability of existing HSRs.
A Neural Entity Coreference Resolution Review
Creators: name: Stylianou, Nikolaos
name: Vlahavas, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Entity Coreference Resolution is the task of resolving all mentions in a document that refer to the same real world entity and is considered as one of the most difficult tasks in natural language understanding. It is of great importance for downstream natural language processing tasks such as entity linking, machine translation, summarization, chatbots, etc. This work aims to give a detailed review of current progress on solving Coreference Resolution using neural-based approaches. It also provides a detailed appraisal of the datasets and evaluation metrics in the field, as well as the subtask of Pronoun Resolution that has seen various improvements in the recent years. We highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches, the challenges of the task, the lack of agreed-upon standards in the task and propose a way to further expand the boundaries of the field.
description: 52 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, Published in Expert Systems with Applications
Current-induced dendritic magnetic instability in superconducting MgB2 films
Creators: name: Bobyl, A. V.
name: Shantsev, D. V.
name: Johansen, T. H.
name: Kang, W. N.
name: Kim, H. J.
name: Choi, E. M.
name: Lee, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magneto-optical imaging reveals that in superconducting films of MgB2 a transport current creates avalanche-like flux dynamics where highly branching dendritic penetration patterns are formed. The instability is triggered when the current exceeds a threshold value, and the superconductor, shaped as a long strip, is initially in the critical state. The instability exists up to 19 K, which is a much wider temperature range than in previous experiments, where dendrites were formed by applying a magnetic field. The instability is believed to be of thermo-magnetic origin indicating that thermal stabilization may become crucial in applications of MgB2.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, resubmitted to Appl.Phys.Lett
Maḥzor : ke-minhag Ashkenazim u-sheʾar ḳehilot ḳedoshot : ... in loshn ha-ḳoydesh un. Ṭayṭsh gishṭelṭ ...
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: be-mitsṿat ha-meshutafim ... Mosheh Franḳfurṭ ... Shimʿon ... ʿim ... Yitsḥaḳ Kats ... b. la-a. a. ... Naftali Hirts Kats ... Ḥayim ben... Yaʿaḳov ... ha-niḳra Ḥayim Druḳer ... Shelomoh ben ... Yosef Kats ... Props
Year: 1722

description: Ḥeleḳ rishon ... Rosh ha-shanah ṿe-yom ha-kipurim ...
description: Ḥeleḳ sheni ... Pesaḥ shavuʿot ṿe-sukot ʿim maʿarivim ṿe-hoshaʿnot ...
description: Im Kolophon des zweiten Teils Erscheinungsjahr 484 [1723 oder 1724]
description: Erscheinungsjahre auf dem Titelblatt und im Kolophon nach Chronogrammen
description: Gebete hebräisch mit jiddischer Übersetzung
description: Auf dem Titelblatt des hier vorhandenen Teils 2 unleserlicher hebräischer Besitzereintrag [ein Gabriel?]
Leper hospitals in medieval England: with particular reference to the County of Derbyshire
Creators: name: Hughes, Margaret
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Leper hospitals in medieval England: with particular reference to the County of Derbyshire
The Effects of Urban Sprawl on Daily Life
Creators: name: Brunner, Andrew
name: Brunner, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Urban sprawl is a multifaceted concept, which includes the spreading outwards of a city and its suburbs to its outskirts to low-density and auto-dependent development on rural land, high segregation of uses, and various design features that encourage car dependency. Urban sprawl directly impacts traffic congestion, high oil consumption, and many other transportation issues. It is evident that urban sprawl has negative impacts on both air quality and public health, which affects the human condition. This results in health issues for inner-city residents and air pollution. Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. The purpose of this research paper is to determine the specific effects of urban sprawl on daily life in major cities in the United States, as well as those in other countries. In addition, to discover measures that should be taken to address these issues efficiently and the most cost effective.
An efficient container lemma
Creators: name: Balogh, József
name: Samotij, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a new, efficient version of the hypergraph container theorems that is suited for hypergraphs with large uniformities. The main novelty is a refined approach to constructing containers that employs simple ideas from high-dimensional convex geometry. The existence of smaller families of containers for independent sets in such hypergraphs, which is guaranteed by the new theorem, allows us to improve upon the best currently known bounds for several problems in extremal graph theory, discrete geometry, and Ramsey theory.
description: 56 pages, revised version
Maḥzor ke-minhag Ashkenaz : ... zo haben ṿir oykh den ... Kaṿones̀ ha-payṭan baygefigṭ
Kaṿanat ha-paiṭan
Maḥzor 1825
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: Gedruckt bey S. Arnstein und Söhne
Year: 1825

description: Ḥeleḳ rishon le-Rosh ha-Shanah ṿe-Yom Kipur
description: Ḥeleḳ sheni Sukot, Pesaḥ, Shavuʻot
description: Vollständige Veröffentlichungsangabe nur auf Deutsch
description: In Band 2 ist in der ersten Seitenfolge die Seitenzahl 28 doppelt
description: Text hebräisch mit jiddischer Übersetzung
description: Der hier vorhandene Band 2 enthält auf dem Vorsatz einen französischen Besitzervermerk von Isaac Dreyfus in Basel, datiert auf 1840; dabei muss es sich um den Kaufmann dieses Namens handeln (1785-1845), die notierten Kinder sind seine Grosskinder
Cytotoxic T-cells mediate exercise-induced reductions in tumor growth
Creators: name: Rundqvist, Helene
name: Veliça, Pedro
name: Barbieri, Laura
name: Gameiro, Paulo A
name: Bargiela, David
name: Gojkovic, Milos
name: Mijwel, Sara
name: Reitzner, Stefan Markus
name: Wulliman, David
name: Ahlstedt, Emil
name: Ule, Jernej
name: Östman, Arne
name: Johnson, Randall S
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Cancer Biology
Immunology and Inflammation
exercise
metabolism
immunotherapy
Human
Mouse

description: Funder: Vetenskapsrådet; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004359
description: Funder: Cancerfonden; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002794
description: Funder: Barncancerfonden; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006313
description: Funder: Svenska Läkaresällskapet; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007687
description: Funder: Cancer Research UK; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000289
description: Funder: Medical Research Council; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265
description: Exercise has a wide range of systemic effects. In animal models, repeated exertion reduces malignant tumor progression, and clinically, exercise can improve outcome for cancer patients. The etiology of the effects of exercise on tumor progression are unclear, as are the cellular actors involved. We show here that in mice, exercise-induced reduction in tumor growth is dependent on CD8+ T cells, and that metabolites produced in skeletal muscle and excreted into plasma at high levels during exertion in both mice and humans enhance the effector profile of CD8+ T-cells. We found that activated murine CD8+ T cells alter their central carbon metabolism in response to exertion in vivo, and that immune cells from trained mice are more potent antitumor effector cells when transferred into tumor-bearing untrained animals. These data demonstrate that CD8+ T cells are metabolically altered by exercise in a manner that acts to improve their antitumoral efficacy.
Controlled Generation of Dark Solitons with Phase Imprinting
Creators: name: Wu, Biao
name: Liu, Jie
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates with phase imprinting is studied by mapping it into the classic problem of a damped driven pendulum. We provide simple but powerful schemes of designing the phase imprint for various desired outcomes. We derive a formula for the number of dark solitons generated by a given phase step, and also obtain results which explain experimental observations.
description: 4pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1: of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Joshua
name: Spiegel, Paul
name: Grant, Alison
name: Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy
name: Schilperoord, Marian
name: Larke, Natasha
name: Burton, John
name: Jully Okonji
name: Zeh, Clement
name: Bosco Muhindo
name: Mohammed, Ibrahim
name: Mukui, Irene
name: Njogu Patterson
name: Sondorp, Egbert
name: Ross, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Association of contextual factors with suppressed viral load among refugees and host community on ART for â Ľ25 weeks at baseline in Kakuma, Kenya (N=128a). (DOC 64 kb)
The extended, relativistic hyperon star model
Creators: name: Bednarek, I.
name: Keska, M.
name: Manka, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper an equation of state of neutron star matter which includes strange baryons in the framework of Zimanyi and Moszkowski (ZM) model has been obtained. We concentrate on the effects of the isospin dependence of the equation of state constructing for the appropriate choices of parameters the hyperons star model. Numerous neutron star models show that the appearance of hyperons is connected with the increasing density in neutron star interiors. Various studies have indicated that the inclusion of delta meson mainly affects the symmetry energy and through this the chemical composition of a neutron star. As the effective nucleon mass contributes to hadron chemical potentials it alters the chemical composition of the star. In the result the obtained model of the star not only excludes large population of hadrons but also does not reduce significantly lepton contents in the star interior.
description: 22 pages, revtex4, 13 figures
The UV (GALEX) and FIR (ASTRO-F) All Sky Surveys: the measure of the dust extinction in the local universe
Creators: name: Buat, V.
name: Takeuchi, T. T.
name: Boselli, A.
name: Burgarella, D.
name: Hirashita, H.
name: Tomita, A.
name: Shibai, H.
name: Milliard, B.
name: Donas, J.
name: Yoshikawa, K.
name: Inoue, A. K.
name: Tajiri, Y. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Before the end of 2002 will be launched the GALEX satellite (a NASA/SMEX project) which will observe all the sky in Ultraviolet (UV) through filters at 1500 and 2300 A down to m(AB) 21. In 2004 will be launched the ASTRO-F satellite which will perform an all sky survey at Far-Infrared (FIR) wavelengths. The cross-correlation of both surveys will lead to very large samples of galaxies for which FIR and UV fluxes will be available. Using the FIR to UV flux ratio as a quantitative tracer of the dust extinction we will be able to measure the extinction in the nearby universe (z<0.2) and to perform a statistically significant analysis of the extinction as a function of galactic properties. Of particular interest is the construction of pure FIR and UV selected samples for which the extinction will be measured as templates for the observation of high redshift galaxies.
A QMC-deep learning method for diffusivity estimation in random domains
Creators: name: Lyu, Liyao
name: Zhang, Zhiwen
name: Chen, Jingrun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Exciton diffusion plays a vital role in the function of many organic semiconducting opto-electronic devices, where an accurate description requires precise control of heterojunctions. This poses a challenging problem because the parameterization of heterojunctions in high-dimensional random space is far beyond the capability of classical simulation tools. Here, we develop a novel method based on quasi-Monte Carlo sampling to generate the training data set and deep neural network to extract a function for exciton diffusion length on surface roughness with high accuracy and unprecedented efficiency, yielding an abundance of information over the entire parameter space. Our method provides a new strategy to analyze the impact of interfacial ordering on exciton diffusion and is expected to assist experimental design with tailored opto-electronic functionalities.
Costa rica-related trucking in the pan-american corridor
Creators: name: MacAngus, Jane
name: Montufar, Jeannette
name: Chaverri, Jenny
name: MacAngus, Jane
name: Montufar, Jeannette
name: Chaverri, Jenny
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: The safe and efficient movement of goods is essential for the economic development of a region. In Costa Rica, similar to other Central American countries, the Pan-American Corridor (i.e., the Pan-American highway and major connecting links) plays a key role in the movement of freight into, out of, and through the country. Like the rest of the world, Cost Rica faces large economic, social, and environmental pressures to create a more sustainable and livable place for its people and businesses. The productivity, safety, and efficiency of the trucking sector and its highways are fundamental to achievement of this goal. This paper has three objectives: (1) characterize the transportation operations and system in Costa Rica as they relate to trucks, (2) determine trucking activity in terms of truck and trade flows, and (3) identify demand-related developments to determine their likely impact on truck flows and characteristics in the region.
Gallbladder carriage generates genetic variation and genome degradation in Salmonella Typhi
Creators: name: Thanh Duy, Pham
name: Thieu, Nga Tran Vu
name: Nguyen Thi Nguyen, To
name: Ngoc Dan Thanh, Ho
name: Dongol, Sabina
name: Karkey, Abhilasha
name: Carey, Megan
name: Basnyat, Buddha
name: Dougan, Gordon
name: Rabaa, Maia A.
name: Baker, Stephen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite recent advances in typhoid fever control, asymptomatic carriage of Salmonella Typhi in the gallbladder remains poorly understood. Aiming to understand if S. Typhi becomes genetically adapted for long-term colonisation in the gallbladder, we performed whole genome sequencing on a collection of S. Typhi isolated from the gallbladders of typhoid carriers. These sequences were compared to contemporaneously sampled sequences from organisms isolated from the blood of acute patients within the same population. We found that S. Typhi carriage was not restricted to any particular genotype or conformation of antimicrobial resistance genes, but was largely reflective of S. Typhi circulating in the general population. However, gallbladder isolates showed a higher genetic variability than acute isolates, with median pairwise SNP distances of 21 and 13 SNPs (p = 2.8x10-9), respectively. Within gallbladder isolates of the predominant H58 genotype, variation was associated with a higher prevalence of nonsense mutations. Notably, gallbladder isolates displayed a higher frequency of non-synonymous mutations in genes encoding hypothetical proteins, membrane lipoproteins, transport/binding proteins, surface antigens, and carbohydrate degradation. Specifically, we identified several gallbladder-specific non-synonymous mutations involved in LPS synthesis and modification, with some isolates lacking the Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine target due to the 134Kb deletion of SPI-7. S. Typhi is under strong selective pressure in the human gallbladder, which may be reflected phylogenetically by long terminal branches that may distinguish organisms from chronic and acute infections. Our work shows that selective pressures asserted by the hostile environment of the human gallbladder generate new antigenic variants and raises questions regarding the role of carriage in the epidemiology of typhoid fever.
Additional file 2: of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Joshua
name: Spiegel, Paul
name: Grant, Alison
name: Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy
name: Schilperoord, Marian
name: Larke, Natasha
name: Burton, John
name: Jully Okonji
name: Zeh, Clement
name: Bosco Muhindo
name: Mohammed, Ibrahim
name: Mukui, Irene
name: Njogu Patterson
name: Sondorp, Egbert
name: Ross, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Association of self-change factors with suppressed viral load among refugees and host community on ART for â Ľ25 weeks at baseline in Kakuma, Kenya (N=128a). (DOC 42 kb)
Adiabatic Elimination and Sub-space Evolution of Open Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Finkelstein-Shapiro, Daniel
name: Viennot, David
name: Saideh, Ibrahim
name: Hansen, Thorsten
name: Pullerits, Tõnu
name: Keller, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient descriptions of open quantum systems can be obtained by performing an adiabatic elimination of the fast degrees of freedom and formulating effective operators for the slow degrees of freedom in reduced dimensions. Here, we perform the construction of effective operators in frequency space, and using the final value theorem or alternatively the Keldysh theorem, we provide a correction for the trace of the density matrix which takes into account the non trace-preserving character of the evolution. We illustrate our results with two different systems, ones where the eliminated fast subspace is constituted by a continuous set of states and ones with discrete states. Furthermore, we show that the two models converge for very large dissipation and at coherent population trapping points. Our results also provide an intuitive picture of the correction to the trace of the density matrix as a detailed balance equation.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, improved literature review
Improvement of critical current density in the Cu/MgB2 and Ag/MgB2 superconducting wires using the fast formation method
Creators: name: Soltanian, S.
name: Wang, X. L.
name: Horvat, J.
name: Li, A. H.
name: Liu, H. K.
name: Dou, S. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The powder in tube method has been used to fabricate Ag and Cu clad MgB2 wires using an in-situ reaction method. The effects of short time sintering on the critical current densities of Ag and Cu clad MgB2 wires were studied. All the samples were examined using XRD, SEM, and magnetization measurements. For Ag clad wire Jc is improved by more than two times after the short time sintering process. Jc values of 1.2x10^5 A/cm2 in zero field and above 10^4 A/cm2 in 2T at 20 K have been achieved for Ag clad MgB2 wire which is only sintered for 6 minutes at 800oC. However, a remarkable degree of reaction has been found between the superconducting cores and the sheath materials, leading to the formation of Cu2Mg and Ag3Mg for copper and silver clad wires, respectively. The results from Tc, Jc and Hirr convincingly show that the short sintering causes less reaction between the magnesium and the sheath materials and markedly improves the critical current density. Our result shows that Iron is still the best sheath material because of the lack of reaction between Fe and the superconducting MgB2 material.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Supercond. Sci. & Technol. on Dec. 16, 2001
Determination of storage lengths of right-turn lanes at signalized intersections
Creators: name: Wang, Jinghui
name: Yu, Lei
name: Xu, Hui
name: Wang, Jinghui
name: Yu, Lei
name: Xu, Hui
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper develops an analytical method of determining storage lengths of right-turn lanes at signalized intersections based on Queuing Theory Principle. The models of the storage length for two cases (Right-Turn-On-Red (RTOR) and No RTOR) are respectively developed, considering two situations: a. overflow: the right-turn vehicles overflow the lane and block the movement of the through-vehicles; and b. blockage: the queued through vehicles block the entrance of right-turn vehicles. The study investigates the effect of saturation ratio on the storage length to explore the influence of saturation ratio on right-turn length, and also provides the critical traffic volume for determination of the storage length. The impacts of saturation ratio and confidence level (the confidence probability of no-overflow or no-blockage) are also taken into account in this study, which has little considered in the existing references. Finally, the recommended storage lengths are obtained by modeling solution and verified through Vissim simulation. It is demonstrated that the obtained results are reasonable.
Public Health and Risk Communication During COVID-19—Enhancing Psychological Needs to Promote Sustainable Behavior Change
Creators: name: Porat, Talya
name: Nyrup, Rune
name: Calvo, Rafael A.
name: Paudyal, Priya
name: Ford, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Public Health
public health
health communication (MESH)
risk communication
COVID-19
coronavirus
infodemic
behavior change
well-being

description: Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic requires sustainable behavior change to mitigate the impact of the virus. A phenomenon which has arisen in parallel with this pandemic is an infodemic—an over-abundance of information, of which some is accurate and some is not, making it hard for people to find trustworthy and reliable guidance to make informed decisions. This infodemic has also been found to create distress and increase risks for mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Aim: To propose practical guidelines for public health and risk communication that will enhance current recommendations and will cut through the infodemic, supporting accessible, reliable, actionable, and inclusive communication. The guidelines aim to support basic human psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness to support well-being and sustainable behavior change. Method: We applied the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and concepts from psychology, philosophy and human computer interaction to better understand human behaviors and motivations and propose practical guidelines for public health communication focusing on well-being and sustainable behavior change. We then systematically searched the literature for research on health communication strategies during COVID-19 to discuss our proposed guidelines in light of the emerging literature. We illustrate the guidelines in a communication case study: wearing face-coverings. Findings: We propose five practical guidelines for public health and risk communication that will cut through the infodemic and support well-being and sustainable behavior change: (1) create an autonomy-supportive health care climate; (2) provide choice; (3) apply a bottom-up approach to communication; (4) create solidarity; (5) be transparent and acknowledge uncertainty. Conclusion: Health communication that starts by fostering well-being and basic human psychological needs has the potential to cut through the infodemic and promote effective and sustainable behavior change during such pandemics. Our guidelines provide a starting point for developing a concrete public health communication strategy.
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROJECTED INTERMODAL RAIL YARDS IN THE CHICAGO REGION STUDIED BY KEY-INFORMANT INTERVIEWS
Creators: name: West, Norman R.
name: Kawamura, Kazuya
name: West, Norman R.
name: Kawamura, Kazuya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Using the data obtained from the structured interviews of 33 professionals with a high level of technical knowledge specific to the subject of intermodal rail yards and their associated operations, this study addresses 10 issues that cover not only the design and layout issues within a terminal, but also broader topics such as administration/ownership, location, and other topics that may be overlooked by the designers. This is still a preliminary report, so we will only present discussion regarding some of the results that we consider to be of greatest import concerning the development of intermodal rail yards over the next decade. Based upon the level of collective expertise and insights expressed by the respondents, we feel these 10 issues, plus two which came to our attention from this study, warrant consideration in the planning for future intermodal rail yards in the Chicago region. Our key findings include that while a general level of interest for technology is high, it is unlikely that deployment of them will be fast enough to provide sufficient capacity increases to counter the expected demand growth. Also, future Intermodal yards will likely to be at least 300 acres and 7000 feet in length. Given their size, it is likely that those facilities will be located in semirural or rural areas. While there is a high level of awareness for environmental issues among freight professionals, the perception tends to focus on the direct impacts associated with the Intermodal yards, while broader implications are often unnoticed.
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis and Modelling of the wake deviation behind a squareback Ahmed body
Creators: name: Podvin, Berengère
name: Pellerin, Stéphanie
name: Fraigneau, Yann
name: Evrard, Antoine
name: Cadot, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate numerically the 3-D flow around a squareback Ahmed body at Reynolds number Re = 104. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is applied to a symmetry-augmented database in order to describe and model the flow dynamics. Comparison with experiments at a higher Reynolds number in a plane section of the near-wake at mid-height shows that the simulation captures several features of the experimental flow, in particular the antisymmetric quasi-steady deviation mode. 3-D POD analysis allows us to classify the different physical processes in terms of mode contribution to the kinetic energy over the entire domain. It is found that the dominant fluctuating mode on the entire domain corresponds to the 3-D quasi-steady wake deviation, and that its amplitude is well estimated from 2-D near-wake data. The next most energetic flow fluctuations consist of vortex shedding and bubble pumping mechanisms. It is found that the amplitude of the deviation is negatively correlated with the intensity of the vortex shedding in the spanwise direction and the suction drag coefficient. Finally, we find that despite the slow convergence of the decomposition, a POD-based low-dimensional model reproduces the dynamics of the wake deviation observed experimentally, as well as the main characteristics of the global modes identified in the simulation.
Fingerprints of mesoscopic leads in the conductance of a molecular wire
Creators: name: Cuniberti, G.
name: Fagas, G.
name: Richter, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of contacts on linear transport through a molecular wire attached to mesoscopic tubule leads is studied. It is shown that low dimensional leads, such as carbon nanotubes, in contrast to bulky electrodes, strongly affect transport properties. By focusing on the specificity of the lead-wire contact, we show, in a fully analytical treatment, that the geometry of this hybrid system supports a mechanism of channel selection and a sum rule, which is a distinctive hallmark of the mesoscopic nature of the electrodes.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Grand Unified Neutrino Spectrum at Earth: Sources and Spectral Components
Creators: name: Vitagliano, Edoardo
name: Tamborra, Irene
name: Raffelt, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly review the dominant neutrino fluxes at Earth from different sources and present the Grand Unified Neutrino Spectrum ranging from meV to PeV energies. For each energy band and source, we discuss both theoretical expectations and experimental data. This compact review should be useful as a brief reference to those interested in neutrino astronomy, fundamental particle physics, dark-matter detection, high-energy astrophysics, geophysics, and other related topics.
description: 64 pages, 36 figures. Ancillary files include tables and a Mathematica notebook. Published in Reviews of Modern Physics