cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Crustal structure along the Aleutian island arc: New insights from receiver functions constrained by active-source data
Creators: name: Janiszewski, Helen A.
name: Abers, Geoffrey A.
name: Shillington, Donna Jean
name: Calkins, Josh A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics

description: Moho depth and Vp/Vs estimates from stacking phases of receiver functions along the Aleutian island arc give new constraints on its composition and structure. They expand on the current understanding of island arcs and their relationship to continental crust production. We also present an approach for including constraints from active-source data in receiver function analysis in a region with sparse data coverage to complement this analysis. Moho depth averages 37.5 km with an average uncertainty of 2.5 km along the entire arc. Excluding the westernmost island of Attu yields an average crustal thickness of 38.5 ± 2.9 km. The Vp/Vs ratio decreases moving eastward along the arc with an average value of 1.80 in the western and central portion of the arc built on oceanic crust, but 1.63 in the eastern section built on continental crust. This may reflect tectonic and compositional changes along the arc. However, overall the arc appears more mafic than continental crust. Near-constant crustal thickness, despite significant compositional changes, may indicate that nonmagmatic processes such as erosion and isostasy act to regulate arc thickness. Additionally, strong conversions from an upper crustal magma chamber are observed beneath Akutan Island, confirming and clarifying the geometry of the magma body inferred from other techniques. They indicate a volcanic body much larger than the eruptive edifice, a feature that must persist between eruptive cycles.
title: Auctions-Catalogus von gebundenen Büchern, aus allen Fächern der Wissenschaften, welche zu Augsburg den [ ] und folgende Tage gegen sogleich baare Bezahlung an die Meistbiethenden öffentlich versteigert werden; 1800
title: In meiner eigenen Behausung auf dem alten Heumarkt, Das Eckhaus am Durchgange des Bogens. Dieser Bücherkatalog wird Jedermann gratis abgegeben
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bürglen, Christoph Friedrich
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2022

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Augsburg, 1800. - Sachtitel handschriftlich verbessert: "... welche zu Augsburg alle Tage gegen ..."
title: Subtleties of extrinsic calibration of cameras with non-overlapping fields of view
Creators: name: Li, Zaijuan
name: Willert, Volker
Publisher: name: De Gruyter
Year: 2019

description: The calibration of the relative pose between rigidly connected cameras with non-overlapping fields of view (FOV) is a prerequisite for many applications. In this paper, the subtleties of the experimental realization of such calibration optimization methods like in (Z. Liu, et al., Measurement Science and Technology, 2011, Z. Li, V. Willert, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2018) are presented. Two strategies that could be adapted to certain optimization processes to find better local minima are evaluated. The first strategy is a careful measurement acquisition of pose pairs for solving the calibration problem, which improves the accuracy of the initial value for the following non-linear refinement. The second strategy is the introduction of a quality measure for the image data used for the calibration, which is based on the projection size of the known planar calibration patterns on the image. We show that introducing an additional weighting to the optimization objective chosen as a function of that quality measure improves calibration accuracy and increases robustness against noise. The above strategies are integrated into different setups and their improvement is demonstrated both in simulation and real-world experiment.
Nonfatal Injuries 1 Week After Hurricane Sandy — New York City Metropolitan Area, October 2012
Creators: name: Brackbill, Robert M.
name: Caramanica, Kimberly
name: Maliniak, Maret
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Fairclough, Monique A.
name: Farfel, Mark R.
name: Turner, Lennon
name: Maslow, Carey B.
name: Moy, Amanda J.
name: Wu, David
name: Yu, Shengchao
name: Welch, Alice E.
name: Cone, James E.
name: Walker, Deborah J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Wounds and injuries
Hurricane Sandy (2012)
Climatic changes
Epidemiology

description: On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy (Sandy) made landfall in densely populated areas of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Flooding affected 51 square miles (132 square kilometers) of New York City (NYC) and resulted in 43 deaths, many caused by drowning in the home, along with numerous storm-related injuries. Thousands of those affected were survivors of the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster of September 11, 2001 (9/11) who had previously enrolled in the WTC Health Registry (Registry) cohort study. To assess Sandy-related injuries and associated risk factors among those who lived in Hurricane Sandy-flooded areas and elsewhere, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene surveyed 8,870 WTC survivors, who had provided physical and mental health updates 8 to 16 months before Sandy. Approximately 10% of the respondents in flooded areas reported injuries in the first week after Sandy; nearly 75% of those had more than one injury. Injuries occurred during evacuation and clean-up/repair of damaged or destroyed homes. Hurricane preparation and precautionary messages emphasizing potential for injury hazards during both evacuation and clean-up or repair of damaged residences might help mitigate the occurrence and severity of injury after a hurricane.
Japan's Abenomics: So Far So Good, But Will It Prevail?
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The 2012 election gave Japan’s LDP control of both houses of the Diet, with Shinzo Abe as the new leader promising to provide decisive and energetic leadership out of the malaise of the past two decades. The vision incorporated in his economic policy program, Abenomics, is to end the two decades of economic stagnation and resignation, revitalize Japanese enterprise, and halt population decline; these go hand‐in‐hand with his political/security desires to restore Japanese self‐confidence and national pride, and make Japan an internationally‐ respected country. The three arrows of Abenomics--fiscal policy (the government’s purview), monetary policy (Bank of Japan), and structural reform (private sector and government)--have had some initial success, but implementation will take years. Monetary policy has successfully halted deflation, but achieving and then sustaining an annual 2 percent increase in consumer prices will be a major challenge. Fiscal policy’s major challenge persists: achieving sufficient private consumption and investment demand growth so that fiscal consolidation can be implemented. Structural reform to achieve growth requires a wide range of policies, so it is a thousand darts, not a single arrow. Abe’s immediate challenge is how rapidly and how well the economy rebounds from the consumption tax increase, as he faces major policy decisions by year‐end or early next year. Perhaps the most important are whether to pursue the 2 percentage point consumption tax increase scheduled for October 2015, the planned cut in the corporate income tax rate, and whether an agreement can be reached in the Trans‐Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement negotiations.
Gas inflows towards the nucleus of the active galaxy NGC7213
Creators: name: Schnorr-Müller, Allan
name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
name: Nagar, Neil M.
name: Ferrari, Fabricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two-dimensional stellar and gaseous kinematics of the inner 0.8x1.1kpc^2 of the LINER/Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC7213, from optical spectra obtained with the GMOS integral field spectrograph on the Gemini South telescope at a spatial resolution of 60pc. The stellar kinematics shows an average velocity dispersion of 177km/s, circular rotation with a projected velocity amplitude of 50km/s and a kinematic major axis at a position angle of -4degrees (west of north). From the average velocity dispersion we estimate a black hole mass of M_BH=8_{-6}^{+16}x10^7 M_sun. The gas kinematics is dominated by non-circular motions, mainly along two spiral arms extending from the nucleus out to 4arcsec (280pc) to the NW and SE, that are cospatial with a nuclear dusty spiral seen in a structure map of the nuclear region of the galaxy. The projected gas velocities along the spiral arms show blueshifts in the far side and redshifts in the near side, with values of up to 200km/s. This kinematics can be interpreted as gas inflows towards the nucleus along the spiral arms if the gas is in the plane of the galaxy. We estimate the mass inflow rate using two different methods. The first is based of the observed velocities and geometry of the flow, and gives a mass inflow rate in the ionised gas of 7x10^-2 M_sun/yr. In the second method, we calculate the net ionised gas mass flow rate through concentric circles of decreasing radii around the nucleus resulting in mass inflow rates ranging from 0.4 M_sun/yr at 300pc down to 0.2 M_sun/yr at 100pc from the nucleus. These rates are larger than necessary to power the active nucleus.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Power-central polynomials on matrices
Creators: name: Kanel-Belov, Alexei
name: Malev, Sergey
name: Rowen, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Any multilinear non-central polynomial $p$ (in several noncommuting variables) takes on values of degree $n$ in the matrix algebra $M_n(F)$ over an infinite field $F$. The polynomial $p$ is called {\it $ν$-central} for $M_n(F)$ if $p^ν$ takes on only scalar values, with $k$ minimal such. Multilinear $ν$-central polynomials do not exist for any $ν$ with $n>3$, thereby answering a question of Drensky. Saltman proved that an arbitrary polynomial $p$ cannot be $ν$-central for $M_n(F)$ for $n$ odd unless $n$ is prime; we show for $n$ even, that $ν$ must be 2.
Spectral approach to the inverse problem for the field of arbitrary changing electric dipole
Creators: name: Epp, V.
name: Janz, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inverse problem for electromagnetic field produced by arbitrary altered charge distribution in dipole approximation is solved. The charge distribution is represented by its dipole moment. It is assumed that the spectral properties of magnetic field of the dipole are known. The position of the dipole and its Fourier components are considered as the unknown quantities. It is assumed that relative increments of amplitude and phase of magnetic field in the vicinity of the observation point are known. The derived results can be used for study of phenomena concerned with occurrence and variation of localized electric charge distribution, when the position and the dynamics of a localized source of electromagnetic field are to be defined.
description: Submitted to Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering
EDDi - Welcome Tutorial (Supplementary Material)
Creators: name: Boenecke, Juliane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Epidemiology
Outbreak Investigation
Open Education
Serious Game

description: EDDi - Epidemic Disease Detective

Summary:
Building on a problem-based self-study approach, EDDi participants will be introduced to the principles and practices of infectious disease epidemiology as well as concepts related to the investigation of disease outbreaks, with particular focus on:

Describing infectious disease events and evaluating local outbreak scenarios

Learning about basic methods of epidemiological outbreak investigation, study designs, and tools of epidemiology (e.g., epidemiological curves, outbreak maps, technical terms)

Interpreting and recognizing associations between outbreak events and relevant influencing factors by applying basic techniques of infectious disease epidemiology (especially descriptive methods)

Making informed decisions in outbreak investigation based on epidemiological evidence

Extra: Getting to know the structure of the German disease surveillance and reporting system as well as background information on the Hanseatic city of Hamburg

Welcome Tutorial:
This Welcome Tutorial is an interactive PowerPoint presentation and offers an insight into the basics of epidemiology as well as the gameplay of the EDDi Serious Game. It can be used in the context of both the EDDi Paper Manual and the EDDi Serious Game.

Workflow
The presentation integrates an interactive design. Start the presentation on your computer and follow the instructions by clicking on buttons and materials.

Please note
The presentation contains embedded links to video-based learning materials on epidemiology. Clicking on the element will redirect you to the third-party provider (YouTube).

Extra: EDDi Artwork Table Top Exercise
Artwork by Annabell Koenen-Rindfrey, licensed under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
The artwork was developed using Affinity Designer 1.9.9 (iPad version).

If you would like to revise, rewrite, or build a new narrative upon this case study, all materials are available under an open license.
description: This resource is published under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The license's terms and conditions for further use and distribution apply. For further information on EDDi visit https://linktr.ee/e.d.d.i.
Development of a Laser Resonance Ionization Scheme for Lead Using Titanium Sapphire Lasers for Radioactive Isotope Delivery at the TRIUMF ARIEL Facility
Creators: name: Wessolek, Julius
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Laser Ionisation Spectroscopy
Lead
RILIS

description: Laser ionisation spectroscopy of lead was conducted at the laser ion source test stand at TRIUMF to develop an efficient ionisation scheme for Ti:Sa laser based laser ion sources.
The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey XVI: a cluster inventory
Creators: name: Davies, J. I.
name: Bianchi, S.
name: Baes, M.
name: Bendo, G. J.
name: Clemens, M.
name: De Looze, I.
name: Alighieri, S. di Serego
name: Fritz, J.
name: Fuller, C.
name: Pappalardo, C.
name: Hughes, T. M.
name: Madden, S.
name: Smith, M. W. L.
name: Verstappen, J.
name: Vlahakis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herschel FIR observations are used to construct Virgo cluster galaxy luminosity functions and to show that the cluster lacks the very bright and the numerous faint sources detected in field galaxy surveys. The far-infrared SEDs are fitted to obtain dust masses and temperatures and the dust mass function. The cluster is over dense in dust by about a factor of 100 compared to the field. The same emissivity (beta) temperature relation applies for different galaxies as that found for different regions of M31. We use optical and HI data to show that Virgo is over dense in stars and atomic gas by about a factor of 100 and 20 respectively. Metallicity values are used to measure the mass of metals in the gas phase. The mean metallicity is about 0.7 solar and 50% of the metals are in the dust. For the cluster as a whole the mass density of stars in galaxies is 8 times that of the gas and the gas mass density is 130 times that of the metals. We use our data to consider the chemical evolution of the individual galaxies, inferring that the measured variations in effective yield are due to galaxies having different ages, being affected to varying degrees by gas loss. Four galaxy scaling relations are considered: mass-metallicity, mass-velocity, mass-star formation rate and mass-radius - we suggest that initial galaxy mass is the prime driver of a galaxy's ultimate destiny. Finally, we use X-ray observations and galaxy dynamics to assess the dark and baryonic matter content compared to the cosmological model.
Sunspot Group Development in High Resolution
Creators: name: Muraközy, J.
name: Baranyi, T.
name: Ludmány, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Solar and Heliospheric Obseratory/Michelson Doppler Imager--Debrecen Data (SDD) sunspot catalogue provides an opportunity to study the details and development of sunspot groups on a large statistical sample. The SDD data allow, in particular, the differential study of the leading and following parts with a temporal resolution of 1.5 hours. In this study, we analyse the equilibrium distance of sunspot groups as well as the evolution of this distance over the lifetime of the groups and the shifts in longitude associated with these groups. We also study the asymmetry between the compactness of the leading and following parts, as well as the time-profiles for the development of the area of sunspot groups. A logarithmic relationship has been found between the total area and the distance of leading-following parts of active regions (ARs) at the time of their maximum area. In the developing phase the leading part moves forward; this is more noticeable in larger ARs. The leading part has a higher growth rate than the trailing part in most cases in the developing phase. The growth rates of the sunspot groups depend linearly on their maximum total umbral area. There is an asymmetry in compactness: the number of spots tends to be smaller, while their mean area is larger in the leading part at the maximum phase.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
title: Sensitivity Analysis of Feedforward Beam Current Compensation for Improved Beam Loading Robustness
Creators: name: Stoica, D. Mihailescu
name: Domont-Yankulova, D.
name: Klingbeil, Harald
name: Lens, D.
Publisher: name: JACoW Publishing
Year: 2019

description: The planned SIS100 heavy ion synchrotron at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany will possess twenty ferrite accelerating cavities in its final stage of extension. During the intended acceleration cycles, the cavities will encounter significant beam loading effects, which have to be handled by the control systems. As both the generator- and beam-current act on the same system input, a feedforward disturbance compensation can be a promising approach to improve beam qualities and suppress instabilities induced by the beam current. Particle tracking simulations, incorporating twenty ferrite cavities and their attached LLRF control systems, are performed to analyse the sensitivity of the beam quality with respect to errors in the feedforward beam current compensation. The main focus lies on the time after injection from a pre-accelerator, where most cavities in the SIS100 do not provide any gap voltage and thus are particularly sensitive to induced voltages by beam currents if the cavities are not or only partly short-circuited.
Excitation spectra of many-body systems by linear response: General theory and applications to trapped condensates
Creators: name: Grond, Julian
name: Streltsov, Alexej I.
name: Lode, Axel U. J.
name: Sakmann, Kaspar
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
name: Alon, Ofir E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a general linear-response many-body theory capable of computing excitation spectra of trapped interacting bosonic systems, e.g., depleted and fragmented Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). To obtain the linear-response equations we linearize the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons (MCTDHB) method, which provides a self-consistent description of many-boson systems in terms of orbitals and a state vector (configurations), and is in principle numerically-exact. The derived linear-response many-body theory, which we term LR-MCTDHB, is applicable to systems with interaction potentials of general form. From the numerical implementation of the LR-MCTDHB equations and solution of the underlying eigenvalue problem, we obtain excitations beyond available theories of excitation spectra, such as the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations. The derived theory is first applied to study BECs in a one-dimensional harmonic potential. The LR-MCTDHB method contains the BdG excitations and, also, predicts a plethora of additional many-body excitations which are out of the realm of standard linear response. In particular, our theory describes the exact energy of the higher harmonic of the first (dipole) excitation not contained in the BdG theory. We next study a BEC in a very shallow one-dimensional double-well potential. We find with LR-MCTDHB low-lying excitations which are not accounted for by BdG, even though the BEC has only little fragmentation and, hence, the BdG theory is expected to be valid. The convergence of the LR-MCTDHB theory is assessed by systematically comparing the excitation spectra computed at several different levels of theory.
description: 44 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Constraining white dwarf viscosity through tidal heating in detached binary systems
Creators: name: Dall'Osso, Simone
name: Rossi, Elena Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the internal structure of white dwarfs is considered to be generally well understood, the source and entity of viscosity is still very uncertain. We propose here to study white dwarf viscous properties using short period (< 1 hr), detached white dwarf binaries, such as the newly discovered ~12.8 min system. These binaries are wide enough that mass transfer has not yet started but close enough that the least massive component is subject to a measurable tidal deformation. The associated tidal torque transfers orbital energy, which is partially converted into heat by the action of viscosity within the deformed star. As a consequence, its outer non-degenerate layers expand, and the star puffs up. We self-consistently calculate the fractional change in radius, and the degree of asynchronism (ratio of stellar to orbital spin) as a function of the viscous time. Specializing our calculations to J0651, we find that the discrepancy between the measured radius of the secondary star and He white dwarf model predictions can be interpreted as tidal inflation if the viscous timescale is either ~2 10^5 yr or ~10^4 yr. Such values point to a non-microscopic viscosity, possibly given by tidally induced turbulence, or by magnetic field stresses with a magnetic field strength of 10-100 Gauss. Fortunately, these two timescales produce very different degree of asynchronism, with the shortest one, bringing the system much closer to synchronisation. A measurement of the stellar spin can thus univocally determined the mean viscosity. Extrapolating the secondary's radial expansion, we predict that the star will fill is Roche lobe at a separation which is 1.2-1.3 smaller than the current one. Applying this method to a future sample of systems can allow us to learn whether viscosity changes with mass and/or nuclear composition.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS submitted
Real-Space x-ray tomographic reconstruction of randomly oriented objects with sparse data frames
Creators: name: Ayyer, Kartik
name: Philipp, Hugh T.
name: Tate, Mark W.
name: Elser, Veit
name: Gruner, Sol M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Schemes for X-ray imaging single protein molecules using new x-ray sources, like x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), require processing many frames of data that are obtained by taking temporally short snapshots of identical molecules, each with a random and unknown orientation. Due to the small size of the molecules and short exposure times, average signal levels of much less than 1 photon/pixel/frame are expected, much too low to be processed using standard methods. One approach to process the data is to use statistical methods developed in the EMC algorithm (Loh & Elser, Phys. Rev. E, 2009) which processes the data set as a whole. In this paper we apply this method to a real-space tomographic reconstruction using sparse frames of data (below $10^{-2}$ photons/pixel/frame) obtained by performing x-ray transmission measurements of a low-contrast, randomly-oriented object. This extends the work by Philipp et al. (Optics Express, 2012) to three dimensions and is one step closer to the single molecule reconstruction problem.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
New Materialist Approach to Understanding Post-Roman Urban Emergence: A Study of Ipswich, AD 600-900
Creators: name: Fathy, Brandon H.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The question of how the earliest medieval towns emerged is often framed around a false dichotomy of top-down versus bottom up. To better appreciate the complex dynamics of early urban history, this thesis critiques simple narratives of urban foundation and linear causality to incorporate complexity into a narrative of urban emergence. Starting from the under-published archaeology of the key trading site of Ipswich (Old English: Gipeswic), my thesis collates grey literature from 71 site reports and explores a wide range of historicised ‘agents’ that exerted influence and change, c. AD 600-900, presenting a detailed chronology and cartography for early medieval Ipswich. Two key aspects are explored: the process of becoming urban from the unfolding of various components, and how the town was manifested through the interactions of various agents. My research has interpreted the features at Ipswich into eight approximate temporal phases. A horizontal discourse is evident by the gradual settlement of cemeteries and the informal appearance of blacksmithing areas along a flood control channel. By the late 9th century, legitimate authorities were directing parts of the town’s expansion, including metalling existing roads and occasionally replacing existing taskscapes. Specialised pottery and metalworking zones are evident by this century. I conclude that the town emerged from a 7th-century gathering and funerary place, and was catalysed by material and human agents so that Gipeswic, in its earlier phases, was already distinct from contemporary East Anglian sites.
title: Littérature et économie. Relire la maison nucingen de balzac
Creators: name: Pietromarchi, Luca
name: Spandri, Francesco
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2023

description:

I contributi riuniti in questo volume propongono una riflessione sull’opera letteraria attraverso una pluralità di approcci e di prospettive. Studiosi di letteratura, economisti e giuristi confrontano le proprie competenze per leggere uno dei testi più ermetici e attuali di Balzac: La Maison Nucingen (1837). Attraverso il racconto della fortuna della banca Nucingen, il lettore scopre le trasformazioni della finanza che la rivoluzione industriale ha portato in Francia e in Europa. L’esplorazione del ruolo crescente della Borsa e della speculazione nella società moderna è legata all’invenzione di una nuova forma di narrazione e ad una ridefinizione dell’immaginazione romanzesca. L’autore rende il volto del banchiere inafferrabile per trasmettere l’astrazione della modernità economica. Moltiplica i discorsi narrativi per mettere in scena la circolazione del capitale.
Global Gravity Inversion of Bodies with Arbitrary Shape
Creators: name: Tricarico, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravity inversion allows us to constrain the interior mass distribution of a planetary body using the observed shape, rotation, and gravity. Traditionally, techniques developed for gravity inversion can be divided into Monte Carlo methods, matrix inversion methods, and spectral methods. Here we employ both matrix inversion and Monte Carlo in order to explore the space of exact solutions, in a method which is particularly suited for arbitrary shape bodies. We expand the mass density function using orthogonal polynomials, and map the contribution of each term to the global gravitational field generated. This map is linear in the density terms, and can be pseudo-inverted in the under-determined regime using QR decomposition, to obtain a basis of the affine space of exact interior structure solutions. As the interior structure solutions are degenerate, assumptions have to be made in order to control their properties, and these assumptions can be transformed into scalar functions and used to explore the solutions space using Monte Carlo techniques. Sample applications show that the range of solutions tend to converge towards the nominal one as long as the generic assumptions made are correct, even in the presence of moderate noise. We present the underlying mathematical formalism and an analysis of how to impose specific features on the global solution, including uniform solutions, gradients, and layered models. Analytical formulas for the computation of the relevant quantities when the shape is represented using several common methods are included in the Appendix.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International
Phasor Imaging: A Generalization of Correlation-Based Time-of-Flight Imaging
Creators: name: Gupta, Mohit
name: Nayar, Shree K.
name: Hullin, Matthias B.
name: Martin, Jaime
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computer science

description: In correlation-based time-of-flight (C-ToF) imaging systems, light sources
with temporally varying intensities illuminate the scene. Due to global illumination,
the temporally varying radiance received at the sensor is a combination
of light received along multiple paths. Recovering scene properties
(e.g., scene depths) from the received radiance requires separating these
contributions, which is challenging due to the complexity of global illumination
and the additional temporal dimension of the radiance.
We propose phasor imaging, a framework for performing fast inverse
light transport analysis using C-ToF sensors. Phasor imaging is based on
the idea that by representing light transport quantities as phasors and light
transport events as phasor transformations, light transport analysis can be
simplified in the temporal frequency domain. We study the effect of temporal
illumination frequencies on light transport, and show that for a broad
range of scenes, global radiance (multi-path interference) vanishes for frequencies
higher than a scene-dependent threshold. We use this observation
for developing two novel scene recovery techniques. First, we presentMicro
ToF imaging, a ToF based shape recovery technique that is robust to errors
due to global illumination. Second, we present a technique for separating
the direct and global components of radiance. Both techniques require capturing
as few as 3 − 4 images and minimal computations. We demonstrate
the validity of the presented techniques via simulations and experiments
performed with our hardware prototype.
Protecting quantum states from decoherence of finite temperature using weak measurement
Creators: name: Wang, S. C.
name: Yu, Z. W.
name: Wang, X. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to optimally protect quantum states and quantum entanglement under non-zero temperature based on measurement reversal from weak measurement. In particular, we present explicit formulas of the protection.
Spin-Orbit Torques and Anisotropic Magnetization Damping in Skyrmion Crystals
Creators: name: Hals, Kjetil M. D.
name: Brataas, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The length scale of the magnetization gradients in chiral magnets is determined by the relativistic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Thus, even conventional spin-transfer torques are controlled by the relativistic spin-orbit coupling in these systems, and additional relativistic corrections to the current-induced torques and magnetization damping become important for a complete understanding of the current-driven magnetization dynamics. We theoretically study the effects of reactive and dissipative homogeneous spin-orbit torques and anisotropic damping on the current-driven skyrmion dynamics in cubic chiral magnets. Our results demonstrate that spin-orbit torques play a significant role in the current-induced skyrmion velocity. The dissipative spin-orbit torque generates a relativistic Magnus force on the skyrmions, whereas the reactive spin-orbit torque yields a correction to both the drift velocity along the current direction and the transverse velocity associated with the Magnus force. The spin-orbit torque corrections to the velocity scale linearly with the skyrmion size, which is inversely proportional to the spin-orbit coupling. Consequently, the reactive spin-orbit torque correction can be the same order of magnitude as the non-relativistic contribution. More importantly, the dissipative spin-orbit torque can be the dominant force that causes a deflected motion of the skyrmions if the torque exhibits a linear or quadratic relationship with the spin-orbit coupling. In addition, we demonstrate that the skyrmion velocity is determined by anisotropic magnetization damping parameters governed by the skyrmion size.
description: 7 pages
Music of the Gods: Solo Song and effetti meravigliosi in the Interludes for La pellegrina
Creators: name: Treadwell, Nina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Music

description: This study addresses the performative efficacy of the Pellegrina interludes' solo songs because the songs garnered considerable attention during their performance in the Uffizi theater. The sense of wonder, or meraviglia, that the solo songs evoked for spectators was articulated in numerous accounts, in both eyewitness descriptions (usually diary entries by foreign visitors) and in unofficial printed accounts. Indeed, in these accounts the solo songs were typically singled out for special attention, which is striking in light of the relative brevity of many of the descriptions. Conversely, in the detailed Descrizione issued by the Medici court, Rossi rarely addresses audience response in relation to the music's affective quality (solo song or otherwise), and when he does, he projects an anticipated response, because his booklet (unavailable for the premiere performance) was written before the performances took place. Most interpreters of the Pellegrina intermedi have disregarded the various unofficial narratives, probably because they do not agree in precise detail with Rossi's account. Thus, unofficial sources have been neglected as a means of providing insight into the aesthetically and viscerally charged sensation of hearing (and seeing) the solo songs performed in the Uffizi theater. In conjunction with Rossi's narrative, as well as with the Medici-sanctioned musical publication, unofficial sources help to demonstrate
that the spectator-auditor's perception of musical meraviglia was an essential component of the experiential dimension of the songs.
Kamino: Dynamic Approach to Semantic Code Clone Detection
Creators: name: Neubauer, Lindsay Anne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computer science

description: Discovering code clones in a runtime environment helps software engineers identify hard to find logic-based bugs. Yet most research in the area of code clone discovery deals with source code due to the complexity of finding clones in a
dynamic environment. KAMINO manipulates Java bytecode to track control and data flow dependencies at the methodlevel of Java programs during runtime. It then matches similar flows to find semantic code clones. With positive preliminary
results indicating code clones using KAMINO , future tests will compare the its robustness compared to existing code clones detection tools.
Evaluating Your College’s Readiness for Technology Adoption
Creators: name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
name: Fletcher, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges
Educational technology

description: Understanding the likelihood of successful adoption before embarking on a reform can help colleges invest wisely in new technologies. Based on CCRC’s Readiness for Technology Adoption (RTA) framework, this self-assessment tool is designed to help colleges develop a nuanced picture of their overall readiness for technology adoption.
The RTA framework consists of four broad areas of readiness, addressing technological and cultural factors at both the institutional and project levels. For each area, the self-assessment tool provides a rubric listing the components of readiness and describing the features of institutions that are minimally ready and those that are poised for action.
This tool is designed to encourage conversations among individuals within an institution. Engaging in the self-assessment process will help colleges identify additional steps they may need to take before beginning a technology-related reform.
title: PrivacyScore : Analyse von Webseiten auf Sicherheits- und Privatheitsprobleme : Konzept und rechtliche Zulässigkeit
Creators: name: Maass, Max
name: Laubach, Anne
name: Herrman, Dominik
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2017

description: PrivacyScore ist ein öffentliches Web-Portal, mit dem automatisiert überprüft werden kann, ob Webseiten gängige Mechanismen zum Schutz von Sicherheit und Privatheit korrekt implementieren. Im Gegensatz zu existierenden Diensten ermöglicht PrivacyScore, mehrere Webseiten in Benchmarks miteinander zu vergleichen, die Ergebnisse differenziert und im Zeitverlauf zu analysieren sowie nutzerdefinierte Kriterien für die Auswertung zu definieren. PrivacyScore verbessert dadurch nicht nur die Transparenz für Endanwender, sondern erleichtert auch die Arbeit der Datenschutz-Aufsichtsbehörden. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir das Konzept des Dienstes vor und wir erörtern, unter welchen Umständen das automatische Scannen und öffentliche „Anprangern“ von Schwächen aus rechtlicher Sicht zulässig ist.
RFBR survey results: Scopus vs. Web of Science choice among Russian researchers
Creators: name: Lutay, Alexei
name: Lyubushko, Ekaterina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Analysis is based on the survey results released by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (10.6084/m9.figshare.13274789).

Rmd can be provided on request.
The text is in Russian.
Mentholated cigarettes and smoking habits in whites and blacks
Creators: name: Muscat, Joshua E.
name: Richie Jr., J. P.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: Objective: To determine if cigarette mentholation is associated with the frequency of smoking and with quitting, and whether mentholation explains racial differences in these two smoking behaviours. Design: Cross sectional analysis of case–control data on smoking and lung cancer. Subjects: Limited to 19 545 current and former cigarette smokers. Main outcome measures: Smoking > 20 cigarettes per day (cpd) versus ≤ 20 cpd, and continued smoking versus quit smoking. Results: Among blacks, the prevalence odds ratio (POR) of heavy smoking (≥ 21 cpd) associated with mentholated cigarettes versus non-mentholated cigarettes was 0.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5 to 0.9) in current smokers and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4 to 0.9) in former smokers. Among whites, the corresponding POR were 0.9 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.0) and 0.9 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.0). Blacks were less likely to have been heavy smokers than whites, but the difference was unrelated to cigarette mentholation. The POR of continued smoking versus quitting, associated with mentholated cigarettes was 1.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.2) for both blacks and whites. Conclusion: Smoking > 20 cpd was independently associated with white race. Among blacks, smoking ≤ 20 cpd was independently associated with mentholated cigarettes. The risk of quitting was not associated with cigarette menthol flavour.
Feasibility of Frequency-Modulated Wireless Transmission for a Multi-Purpose MEMS-Based Accelerometer
Creators: name: Sabato, Alessandro
name: Feng, Maria Q.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Electrical engineering

description: Recent advances in the Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technology have made wireless MEMS accelerometers an attractive tool for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of civil engineering structures. To date, sensors’ low sensitivity and accuracy—especially at very low frequencies—have imposed serious limitations for their application in monitoring large-sized structures. Conventionally, the MEMS sensor’s analog signals are converted to digital signals before radio-frequency (RF) wireless transmission. The conversion can cause a low sensitivity to the important low-frequency and low-amplitude signals. To overcome this difficulty, the authors have developed a MEMS accelerometer system, which converts the sensor output voltage to a frequency-modulated signal before RF transmission. This is achieved by using a Voltage to Frequency Conversion (V/F) instead of the conventional Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC). In this paper, a prototype MEMS accelerometer system is presented, which consists of a transmitter and receiver circuit boards. The former is equipped with a MEMS accelerometer, a V/F converter and a wireless RF transmitter, while the latter contains an RF receiver and a F/V converter for demodulating the signal. The efficacy of the MEMS accelerometer system in measuring low-frequency and low-amplitude dynamic responses is demonstrated through extensive laboratory tests and experiments on a flow-loop pipeline.
The Physics of Traffic and Regional Development
Creators: name: Helbing, Dirk
name: Nagel, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This contribution summarizes and explains various principles from physics which are used for the simulation of traffic flows in large street networks, the modeling of destination, transport mode, and route choice, or the simulation of urban growth and regional development. The methods stem from many-particle physics, from kinetic gas theory, or fluiddynamics. They involve energy and entropy considerations, transfer the law of gravity, apply cellular automata and require methods from evolutionary game theory. In this way, one can determine interaction forces among driver-vehicle units, reproduce breakdowns of traffic including features of synchronized congested flow, or understand changing usage patterns of alternative roads. One can also describe daily activity patterns based on decision models, simulate migration streams, and model urban growth as a particular kind of aggregation process.
description: This is a review paper. For related work see http://www.soms.ethz.ch
The Aesthetics of Textural Ambiguity: Brahms and the Changing Piano
Creators: name: Arnone, Augustus
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Music

description: In recent years, a number of performance practice scholars writing on Brahms's piano music have commented on the prominence of low-lying melodic lines, thickly-written accompaniments, and often dense saturation of the lower register. For such writers these textural features constitute proof that Brahms could not have intended performance on the modern piano. Firms such as Steinway, Bechstein, and Chickering were manufacturing pianos by the early 1860s, roughly the midpoint of Brahms's life, that already exhibited most of the important design innovations that distinguish modern pianos from earlier ones, and these firms enjoyed enormous success across Europe. Performance practice scholars have argued that the increased power and sustain of these pianos create irreparable problems of balance and clarity in much of Brahms's music, implying that he was writing for the lighter and more transparent instruments that predate the modern piano, many of which were still manufactured up until the end of the century.
Enhancing Mobile Object Classification Using Geo-referenced Maps and Evidential Grids
Creators: name: Kurdej, Marek
name: Moras, Julien
name: Cherfaoui, Véronique
name: Bonnifait, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Evidential grids have recently shown interesting properties for mobile object perception. Evidential grids are a generalisation of Bayesian occupancy grids using Dempster- Shafer theory. In particular, these grids can handle efficiently partial information. The novelty of this article is to propose a perception scheme enhanced by geo-referenced maps used as an additional source of information, which is fused with a sensor grid. The paper presents the key stages of such a data fusion process. An adaptation of conjunctive combination rule is presented to refine the analysis of the conflicting information. The method uses temporal accumulation to make the distinction between stationary and mobile objects, and applies contextual discounting for modelling information obsolescence. As a result, the method is able to better characterise the occupied cells by differentiating, for instance, moving objects, parked cars, urban infrastructure and buildings. Experiments carried out on real- world data illustrate the benefits of such an approach.
description: 6 pp. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1207.1016
A New Mathematical Model for Evolutionary Games on Finite Networks of Players
Creators: name: Madeo, Dario
name: Mocenni, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 91A22, 91A43, 92D25 (Primary) 91A80, 91A06, 37N25 (Secondary)

description: A new mathematical model for evolutionary games on graphs is proposed to extend the classical replicator equation to finite populations of players organized on a network with generic topology. Classical results from game theory, evolutionary game theory and graph theory are used. More specifically, each player is placed in a vertex of the graph and he is seen as an infinite population of replicators which replicate within the vertex. At each time instant, a game is played by two replicators belonging to different connected vertices, and the outcome of the game influences their ability of producing offspring. Then, the behavior of a vertex player is determined by the distribution of strategies used by the internal replicators. Under suitable hypotheses, the proposed model is equivalent to the classical replicator equation. Extended simulations are performed to show the dynamical behavior of the solutions and the potentialities of the developed model.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures, 1 table