cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tuning the network charge of biohybrid hydrogel matrices to modulate the release of SDF-1
Creators: name: Kühn, Sebastian
name: Freyse, Joanna
name: Atallah, Passant
name: Rademann, Jörg
name: Freudenberg, Uwe
name: Werner, Carsten
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: heparin
subject: hydrogels
subject: migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)
subject: release of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)
subject: sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
subject: sulfated oligohyaluronan
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The delivery of chemotactic signaling molecules via customized biomaterials can effectively guide the migration of cells to improve the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues. Here, we present a novel biohybrid hydrogel system containing two different sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG)/sGAG derivatives, namely either a mixture of short heparin polymers (Hep-Mal) or structurally defined nona-sulfated tetrahyaluronans (9s-HA4-SH), to precisely control the release of charged signaling molecules. The polymer networks are described in terms of their negative charge, i.e. the anionic sulfate groups on the saccharides, using two parameters, the integral density of negative charge and the local charge distribution (clustering) within the network. The modulation of both parameters was shown to govern the release characteristics of the chemotactic signaling molecule SDF-1 and allows for seamless transitions between burst and sustained release conditions as well as the precise control over the total amount of delivered protein. The obtained hydrogels with well-adjusted release profiles effectively promote MSC migration in vitro and emerge as promising candidates for new treatment modalities in the context of bone repair and wound healing.
Preparation of Neutron-activated Xenon for Liquid Xenon Detector Calibration
Creators: name: Ni, K.
name: Hasty, R.
name: Wongjirad, T. M.
name: Kastens, L.
name: Manzur, A.
name: McKinsey, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the preparation of neutron-activated xenon for the calibration of liquid xenon (LXe) detectors. Gamma rays from the decay of xenon metastable states, produced by fast neutron activation, were detected and their activities measured in a LXe scintillation detector. Following a five-day activation of natural xenon gas with a Cf-252 (4 x 10^5 n/s) source, the activities of two gamma ray lines at 164 keV and 236 keV, from Xe-131m and Xe-129m metastable states, were measured at about 95 and 130 Bq/kg, respectively. We also observed three additional lines at 35 keV, 100 keV and 275 keV, which decay away within a few days. No long-lifetime activity was observed after the neutron activation.
description: to be published in NIM A, corrected typos in Table 1 and Fig.6 of the previous version
Città, Densità, Sostenibilità. Uno strumento per la valutazione degli effetti di mitigazione delle politiche di governo del territorio sull'Impronta Ecologica
Creators: name: Siniscalco, Valerio
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: La ricerca effettuata si pone come obiettivo fondamentale lo studio del sistema urbano e l’approccio alle sue problematiche secondo gli ormai diffusi criteri di sviluppo sostenibile. Uno dei problemi principali che si pone nell’applicare i principi dello sviluppo sostenibile ed ai parametri prettamente urbanistici come la densità, sia a livello globale che a livello locale, riguarda la sua misurazione, ovvero quello di stimare il grado di sostenibilità o di insostenibilità ambientale del sistema considerato a partire dai dati di impatto ambientale assai diversi tra loro.
L’impronta Ecologica è in grado di fornire queste indicazioni in termini di ettari globali equivalenti - gha - ed è costruita su una matrice che mette in relazione le categorie di consumo – gli INPUT del modello di Metabolismo Urbano – con le tipologie di territorio utilizzate per produrre gli INPUT stessi, determinando quindi un legame leggibile tra risorse disponibili, in termini di terreno agricolo, per l’energia, per il pascolo per le foreste, per l’ambiente costruito e la superficie marina, e le risorse utilizzate in un determinato contesto antropico.
Oggi la teoria ed il team di Wackernagel e Rees sono universalmente riconosciuti come un riferimento per il calcolo sistemico delle pressioni antropiche generate sul pianeta e si occupano principalmente del problema a livello globale, anche se non mancano trasposizioni del modello a livello locale.
Questo studio si propone di affrontare il problema del legame tra densità e sostenibilità, costruendo una matrice in grado di mettere in relazione le categorie di consumo e le tipologie di territorio dell’Impronta Ecologica con gli indici dell’urbanistica classica che descrivono l'ambiente costruito in termini di tipologie edilizie e densità abitativa.
Il lavoro svolto ha fornito in primo luogo uno strumento di valutazione specifico dell’ambito urbano, oltre a gettare le basi per la costruzione di uno strumento di monitoraggio e governo del territorio che potrà essere utile per la pianificazione di nuovi interventi insediativi o profonde trasformazioni territoriali nell’ottica di determinare la densità ottimale e il carico urbanistico massimo in funzione delle caratteristiche fisiche dell’intervento e della biocapacità dell’area considerata. Il metodo è stato applicato alla trasformazione urbana del quartiere Coroglio-Bagnoli, Napoli.
The translational repressor Cup is required for germ plasm assembly and germ cell development in Drosophila.
Creators: name: Ottone, Cristina
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2011

description: RNA localization is a cellular mechanism used to localize proteins to sub-cellular domains and to control protein synthesis regionally. In oocytes, RNA localization has profound implications for development, generating asymmetric protein distributions that promote morphological and functional cell polarization and establish regional fates in the future embryo. One such fate is that of the germ cell lineage.  
In Drosophila, germ cell formation depends on maternal inherited factors localized in the posterior pole region of oocytes and early embryos, named germ plasm. Oskar (Osk), a key determinant of germ plasm assembly, is both necessary and sufficient for germ-line formation and posterior patterning The localization of oskar (osk) mRNA starts during oogenesis and it is mediated by trans-acting factors several of which have been shown to have roles in post-transcriptional regulation of RNA, such as splicing, translational control and degradation. However, most of the molecular mechanisms underlying osk mRNA localization are still unclear (Zhou Y. and King ML, 2004). 
During the course of my study, I have demonstrated that Cup, a translational regulator of specific mRNAs, localizes to both nuage, a germ-line perinuclear organelle assembled during early oogenesis, and germ plasm. Moreover, Cup protein interacts with Osk and Vasa (Vas) to assure anchoring, stabilization and/or maintenance of germ plasm particles to the posterior pole of oocytes and early embryos. According to these results, homozygous cup mutant embryos display a reduced number of germ cells, respect to the heterozygous cup mutants. The latest embryos exhibit in turn less germ cells than wild type. Finally, cup and osk interact genetically, since reducing cup copy number further decreases the total number of germ cells observed in heterozygous osk mutant embryos. In this thesis, I shed light on a novel role of Cup during germ plasm assembly and germ cell development in Drosophila.
Charge pumping in carbon nanotube quantum dots
Creators: name: Buitelaar, M. R.
name: Kashcheyevs, V.
name: Leek, P. J.
name: Talyanskii, V. I.
name: Smith, C. G.
name: Anderson, D.
name: Jones, G. A. C.
name: Wei, J.
name: Cobden, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate charge pumping in carbon nanotube quantum dots driven by the electric field of a surface acoustic wave. We find that at small driving amplitudes, the pumped current reverses polarity as the conductance is tuned through a Coulomb blockade peak using a gate electrode. We study the behavior as a function of wave amplitude, frequency and direction and develop a model in which our results can be understood as resulting from adiabatic charge redistribution between the leads and quantum dots on the nanotube.
A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF THE REPRESENTATIVE SCENARIO METHOD
Creators: name: Subir, Dutta Gupta
name: Anirban, Roy Choudhury
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Insurance industry, principle-based reserving, Monte Carlo method, computational efficiency, scenario selection

description: The U.S. insurance industry is undergoing a significant transformation, marked by a shift from formula-based reserving to principle-based reserving (PBR). American Academy of Actuaries working groups are actively developing and adapting these methodologies in response to factors such as the growing complexity of insurance products and the increasing presence of market risks, including equity risks, alongside interest rate risks.

Traditional formula-based reserve methods have relied on discounted cash flow models with conservative assumptions to accommodate adverse deviations. In contrast, PBR approaches often revolve around the economic value of products and employ financial engineering principles to model insurance policies. As insurance products become increasingly intricate, traditional "closed form formula" valuations no longer suffice for the derivatives embedded within them. The preferred valuation method in such cases is the "Monte Carlo" method.

The Monte Carlo method demands substantial computational power, given factors like the scale of in-force policies, product complexity, and the multitude of parameters involved. Actuaries are continuously striving to enhance the computational efficiency of these methods. In this paper, we delve into one of these efforts—scenario selection—discussing its significance in addressing the computational challenges associated with PBR in the evolving landscape of the insurance industry.
I batteriofagi : un valido strumento per
un vaccino contro l’infezione da Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Nocerino, Nunzia
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2011

description: In presenza di un batteriofago (un virus che uccide il batterio ) la resistenza è chiaramente vantaggiosa per i batteri. In tali condizioni, i batteri resistenti emergono rapidamente. Tuttavia, in assenza del fago, batteri resistenti spesso mostrano capacità ridotta, rispetto alle loro controparti sensibili. Il presente studio ha analizzato i costi di fitness, associati  alla fago-resistenza, come un'opportunità per isolare un ceppo attenuato di S. aureus. Il ceppo fago-sensibile  A170, a seguito di crescita in vitro in presenza del fago MSa, ha dato il ceppo fago-resistente A172. I due ceppi hanno origine comune ma mostrano differenze importanti. A170 e A172 differiscono nella loro struttura dell'acido teicoico e per  la capacità di secernere polisaccaride capsulare (CP). Gli acidi teicoici di A172 non hanno residui terminali di N-acetilglucosammina (GlcNAc),che i fagi usano spesso per l’adsorbimento sulla parete delle cellule di S. aureus. Ancora più importante, GlcNAc e gli acidi teicoici di  A170 (A170TA) inibiscono la lisi da parte del fago MSa, mentre il glucosio o gli acidi teicoici di  A172 (A172TA) no.
Questi risultati suggeriscono che A172 ha acquisito la  fago-resistenza perdendo il sito di adsorbimento
del fago (GlcNA terminale). Tuttavia, A172  produce anche un polisaccaride capsulare (CP), una strategia che alcuni batteri mettono in atto per mascherare i loro sito di adsorbimento ai fagi. In un modello murino di infezione, A172-HK (ucciso al calore) protegge contro dosi letali del ceppo A170.
Una singola dose di A172-HK, senza l'uso di adiuvanti, ha protetto completamente dopo la somministrazione per via intramuscolare o aerosol. Immunizzazione passiva di topi con il siero di topi vaccinati con A172-HK  protegge contro una dose letale di S. aureus A170.
A172-HK era protettivo in vivo, mentre A170-HK non lo era. Questo ha suggerito che A172, insieme alla resistenza al fago MSa, ha acquistato anche la capacità di esprimere un nuova molecola, che agisce come un antigene protettivo. Inoltre, i  ceppi fago resistenti (A172, A178, A180, A182), mostrano tutti la caratteristica di produrre CP. CP sono stabili al calore e possono conferire protezione. Presi insieme, questi elementi, hanno fornito un sufficiente motivo per affermare che l'efficacia protettiva di A172 potrebbe risiedere nel suo CP (CP-A172). Quando confrontati con i topi infettati con  A170, gli animali vaccinati con A172-HK mostravano un elevato livello di trascrizione di IL-6.
IL-6 è una citochina  anti-infiammatoria che controlla l'espressione di citochine pro-infiammatorie (IFN-gamma, I1-beta, TNF-alfa.
 In conclusione, la resistenza ai fagi, a lungo considerata un problema nella lotta contro i batteri viene ad essere qui un'opportunità.
I confini dell'abitare ecologico.Dall'edificio bioclimatico alla nascita della biourbanistica
Creators: name: Squillaro, Massimo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2011

description: La prima parte della ricerca è dedicata all’analisi generale delle normative e degli strumenti di pianificazione; è stato analizzato quindi  lo sviluppo della normativa sulla tutela dell’ambiente e affrontati alcuni temi connessi al nuovo concetto di paesaggio ,quali energia e sviluppo sostenibile.
La ricerca tratta in prima analisi l’evoluzione del rapporto tra biologia e architettura, l’influenza delle teorie bioecologiche sulle attuali metodologie progettuali e trattati alcuni esempi dell’esperienza bioecologica del passato, fino alle architetture bioecologiche dei grandi maestri moderni.
Dopo aver chiarito obiettivi e fini dell’architettura bioclimatica ,sono stati esaminati temi inerenti  agli indicatori di qualità per l’habitat urbano, dalla casa ecologica, all’uso del verde e dell’acqua per l’equilibrio bioecologico dell’uomo e dell’ambiente, con la trattazione di alcune significative esperienze delle diverse aree geografiche. Se l’obiettivo della ricerca è quello di seguire lo sviluppo dell’architettura bioclimatica dagli esordi ai giorni nostri ,dal manufatto architettonico alla costruzione di interi quartieri ecologici,la seconda parte di essa ,ha cercato di cogliere attraverso schede di analisi ,gli aspetti significativi e innovativi del progetto bioecologico a grande scala.
Between the “Structural” and the “Everyday”: Bridging Macro and Micro Perspectives in Comparative Urban Research
Creators: name: Appelhans, Nadine
name: Schramm, Sophie
Publisher: name: Cogitatio
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 700 Künste und Unterhaltung::710 Landschaftsgestaltung, Raumplanung::710 Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung
subject: city networks
subject: comparative urbanism
subject: empirical methods
subject: research design

description: The discussion around placing cities within a larger network of cities and the criteria by which they are assessed has recently gained new momentum. Consideration of Southern, disadvantaged, or “peripheral” geographies previously neglected in comparative approaches are now being considered and have opened up new perspectives on the wider urban context. This thematic issue, thereby, explores the practical challenges of how comparative urbanism across a broadening range of dissimilar places across the globe is handled. The collection of empirical studies presented will lay out the challenges and insights gained into applying comparative methodologies to the real-world context, thereby contributing to the advancement of empirical tools for complex and multi-scalar research environments.
Transport Spin Polarization of Noncollinear Antiferromagnetic Antiperovskites
Creators: name: Gurung, Gautam
name: Shao, Ding-Fu
name: Tsymbal, Evgeny Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-polarized currents play a key role in spintronics. Recently, it has been found that antiferromagnets with a non-spin-degenerate band structure can efficiently spin-polarize electric currents, even though their net magnetization is zero. Among the antiferromagnetic metals with magnetic space group symmetry supporting this functionality, the noncollinear antiferromagnetic antiperovskites ANMn$_3$ (A = Ga, Ni, Sn, and Pt) are especially promising. This is due to their high Néel temperatures and a good lattice match to perovskite oxide substrates, offering possibilities of high structural quality heterostructures based on these materials. Here, we investigate the spin polarization of antiferromagnetic ANMn$_3$ metals using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We find that the spin polarization of the longitudinal currents in these materials is comparable to that in widely used ferromagnetic metals, and thus can be exploited in magnetic tunnel junctions and spin transfer torque devices. Moreover, for certain film growth directions, the out-of-plane transverse spin currents with a giant charge-to-spin conversion efficiency can be achieved, implying that the ANMn$_3$ antiperovskites can be used as efficient spin sources. These properties make ANMn$_3$ compounds promising for application in spintronics.
Acquisto della proprietà e trascrizione
Creators: name: Vitucci, Andrea
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2011

description: La tesi si sofferma sul rapporto tra il principio dell’efficacia traslativa del consenso, sancito dall’art. 1376 c.c., e le regole dettate in materia di trascrizione (in particolare, art. 2644 c.c.). Essa muove dalla collocazione della trascrizione nella più ampia cornice della tutela dell’affidamento, cercando di cogliere i profili di sovrapposizione tra esigenze di conoscibilità, affidamento, circolazione dei beni e consensualismo, sia in relazione ai beni mobili che immobili. Nella tesi si delinea, così, la necessità di individuare il ruolo della trascrizione nel meccanismo di acquisto dei diritti: ne consegue l’esigenza di soffermarsi sulle figure di procedimento e fattispecie nel diritto privato. Ne emerge un quadro dottrinale articolato, dal quale, come sostenuto da parte della dottrina, pare possibile trarre il rilievo per cui il trasferimento della proprietà, sullo sfondo della tutela dell’affidamento e delle esigenze sottese alla circolazione giuridica, configuri un procedimento che si dipana dal contratto fino alla trascrizione. Ne consegue che colui che riceve un bene immobile ex art. 1376 c.c. ha un interesse, giuridicamente rilevante, al completamento del suddetto procedimento (che si chiude con la trascrizione). Ebbene, nel caso della prioritaria trascrizione di una seconda vendita dello stesso bene intervenuta tra l’alienante e un secondo acquirente, il primo acquirente può vedere ingiustamente leso tale interesse in caso di mala fede del secondo acquirente primo trascrivente. Appare così praticabile, in favore del primo acquirente, il rimedio dell’ordine giudiziale di cancellazione della prioritaria trascrizione (rimedio già individuato da parte della dottrina ma sulla base di una diversa e articolata ricostruzione), in modo da riportare, ex art. 2058 c.c., lo stato delle cose al tempo in cui il procedimento di acquisto doveva ancora essere completato. E ciò avverrà sulla base di una soluzione che, nell’equo contemperamento degli interessi contrapposti, proporzioni, come rilevato da parte della dottrina,la reazione dell’ordinamento in modo da negare la prevalenza del primo trascrivente allorquando risultino circostanze che facciano ritenere non meritevole di tutela l’interesse da lui perseguito.
Predictability, entropy and information of infinite transformations
Creators: name: Aaronson, Jon
name: Park, Kyewon Koh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A40, 60F05

description: We show that a certain type of quasi finite, conservative, ergodic, measure preserving transformation always has a maximal zero entropy factor, generated by predictable sets. We also construct a conservative, ergodic, measure preserving transformation which is not quasi finite; and consider distribution asymptotics of information showing that e.g. for Boole's transformation, information is asymptotically mod-normal with square root normalization. Lastly we see that certain ergodic, probability preserving transformations with zero entropy have analogous properties and consequently entropy dimension of at most 1/2.
description: typos corrected, clarifications added, unproved result removed
MCALF: Multi-Component Atmospheric Line Fitting
Creators: name: MacBride, Conor D.
name: Jess, David B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining accurate velocity measurements from observations of the Sun is of vital importance to solar physicists who are studying the wave dynamics in the solar atmosphere. Weak chromospheric absorption lines, due to dynamic events in the solar atmosphere, often consist of multiple spectral components. Isolating these components allows for the velocity field of the dynamic and quiescent regimes to be studied independently. However, isolating such components is particularly challenging due to the wide variety of spectral shapes present in the same dataset. MCALF provides a novel method and infrastructure to determine Doppler velocities in a large dataset. Each spectrum is fitted with a model adapted to its specific spectral shape.
description: Published in JOSS, software homepage: https://mcalf.macbride.me
Optimal Quantum Phase Estimation
Creators: name: Dorner, U.
name: Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, R.
name: Smith, B. J.
name: Lundeen, J. S.
name: Wasilewski, W.
name: Banaszek, K.
name: Walmsley, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using a systematic optimization approach we determine quantum states of light with definite photon number leading to the best possible precision in optical two mode interferometry. Our treatment takes into account the experimentally relevant situation of photon losses. Our results thus reveal the benchmark for precision in optical interferometry. Although this boundary is generally worse than the Heisenberg limit, we show that the obtained precision beats the standard quantum limit thus leading to a significant improvement compared to classical interferometers. We furthermore discuss alternative states and strategies to the optimized states which are easier to generate at the cost of only slightly lower precision.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Replaced with final version
Measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry and extraction of sin^2Theta^{eff}_W in ppbar -> Z/γ^{*}+X -> e+e+X events produced at \sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abazov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry ($A_{FB}$) in $p\bar{p} \to Z/γ^{*}+X \to e^+e^-+X$ events at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using 1.1 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. $A_{FB}$ is measured as a function of the invariant mass of the electron-positron pair, and found to be consistent with the standard model prediction. We use the $A_{FB}$ measurement to extract the effective weak mixing angle $sin^2Theta^{eff}_W = 0.2327 \pm 0.0018 (stat.) \pm 0.0006 (syst.)$.
description: 7 Pages, 1 Figure, 3 Tables, Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
Nonclassical photon statistics in two-tone continuously driven optomechanics
Creators: name: Borkje, K.
name: Massel, F.
name: Harris, J. G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In cavity optomechanics, single photon detection of Raman scattered photons can be a useful tool for observing nonclassical features of both radiation and motion. While this tool has been employed in experiments with pulsed laser driving of a cavity mode, it has not been readily accessible to experiments with continuous and constant laser driving. To address this, we present a study of a standard optomechanical system where the cavity mode is continuously driven at two different frequencies, and where sideband photons are detected by single photon detectors after frequency filtering the output from the cavity mode around its resonance frequency. We first derive the normalized second order coherence associated with the detected photons, and show that it contains signatures of the quantum nature of the mechanical mode which would be absent with only single-tone driving. To identify model-independent nonclassical features, we derive two inequalities for the sideband photon statistics that should be valid in any classical model of the system. We show that these inequalities are violated in the proposed setup. This is provided that the average phonon occupation number of the mechanical mode is sufficiently small, which in principle can be achieved through sideband cooling intrinsic to the setup. Violation of the first inequality means that there is no well-defined probability distribution of the Glauber-Sudarshan type for the cavity mode. In contrast, a violation of the second inequality means that there is no joint probability distribution for the cavity mode at two times separated by a finite interval, which originates from the noncommutativity of the motional quadratures of the mechanical mode. The proposed setup thus employs a mechanical oscillator in order to generate a steady-state source of nonclassical radiation.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Supplementary Table 4 from Abnormal arachidonic acid metabolic network may reduce sperm motility via P38 MAPK
Creators: name: Yu, Lisha
name: Yang, Xiaojing
name: Ma, Bo
name: Ying, Hanjie
name: Shang, Xuejun
name: He, Bingfang
name: Zhang, Qi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019

description: Linear equations and correlation coefficients of representative AA metabolites.
A high-precision position measurement instrument for particle accelerator collimators
Creators: name: Martino, Michele
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2011

description: An innovative high-precision digital instrument for position measurement of particle accelerators collimators is proposed. The instrument relies on Linear Variable Differential Transformers by exploiting the three-parameter sine fit to estimate the amplitudes of their secondary signals.

Moreover, the crucial problem of interfering magnetic fields is analyzed by means of two different models: analytical, aimed at capturing the main physics of the phenomenon, and predictive, based on Finite Elements Method, for assessing the interference effects accurately.

Both the models were validated by means of simulations and experimental tests. They provided a sound basis for defining design guidelines to an application-independent solution of the interference problem.

The experimental validation of the models included the development of a measurement method and a measurement system for the general characterization of external magnetic fields as influence quantities for the position measurement by means of Linear Variable Differential Transformers. Different prototypes were also built and characterized in laboratory.

Preliminary on-field results, gathered during Large Hadron Collider commissioning and operations at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), confirming the laboratory results and discussed.

Therefore, the instrument was qualified as complying with the demanding requirements of Large Hadron Collider at CERN and is currently integrated in its collimators control system.
Interazione tra fattori ambientali e genetici nel determinismo di fenotipi clinici complessi come diabete mellito tipo 2 e complicanze, obesità e infiammazione subclinica
Creators: name: Lapice, Emanuela
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2011

description: Il grasso intraddominale e sottocutaneo addominale correla più strettamente del grasso totale, espresso con l’Indice di massa corporea, con le complicanze metaboliche dell’obesità come l’insulino-resistenza, il diabete mellito, l’ipertensione arteriosa, la dislipidemia ed in ultima analisi con il rischio cardiovascolare globale. L’infiammazione subclinica rappresenta un  possibile legame tra obesità, diabete mellito tipo 2 e rischio cardiovascolare. La genesi di queste condizioni è prettamente multifattoriale; sia  fattori legati allo stile di vita, quali cattive abitudini alimentari e riduzione dell’attività fisica, sia il  background genetico hanno un ruolo determinante nell’ influenzare la suscettibilità a queste malattie complesse. Attualmente non è ancora chiaro, per quanto riguarda l’ infiammazione subclinica, il ruolo della adiposità addominale indipendentemente dalla adiposità generale sui valori di CRP, il principale marcatore di infiammazione subclinica. Inoltre, anche se è noto che il 50% dei valori di CRP sono geneticamente determinati, pochi studi sono stati condotti per valutare l’associazione della CRP con polimorfismi di geni candidati alla regolazione dell’infiammazione. Sono invece molto numerosi gli studi che valutano l’associazione di determinati polimorfismi, in particolare il polimorfismo Pro12Ala di PPAR2, con l’obesità e le complicanze del diabete; tuttavia sono rari gli studi che valutano queste associazioni alla luce delle interazioni con i fattori ambientali e con altri geni. I lavori prodotti durante questo triennio di dottorato hanno dimostrato  che il polimorfismo Pro12Ala di PPARg2, in soggetti con diabete tipo 2, è associato ad una riduzione dell’escrezione urinaria di albumina ed ad una funzione renale complessivamente migliore rispetto ai non portatori della mutazione, indipendentemente dai principali fattori confondenti analizzati. La funzione protettiva sulla microalbuminuria è stata altresì confermata in una metanalisi effettuata su 6564 pazienti.   La combinazione dei genotipi  ProPro di PPARg2 e di CT-TT di UCP3  è in grado di individuare soggetti che, a parità di dieta abituale, hanno un minore indice di massa corporea.  L’ adiposità addominale è associata ad una maggiore infiammazione subclinica, indipendentemente dall’indice di massa corporea e questo può essere uno dei meccanismi che spiegano l’eccesso di rischio cardiovascolare associato all’adiposità addominale aldilà dei fattori di rischio tradizionali. Abbiamo, infine, per la prima volta, dimostrato l’associazione, significativa ed indipendente dai principali fattori ambientali, tra la CRP e il polimorfismo GG  di UCP2  , gene fortemente canditato ad avere un ruolo nella infiammazione subclinica.
Controlled formation of metallic nanowires via Au nanoparticle ac trapping
Creators: name: Bernard, L.
name: Calame, M.
name: van der Molen, S. J.
name: Liao, J.
name: Schoenenberger, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying ac voltages, we trapped gold nanoparticles between microfabricated electrodes under well-defined conditions. We demonstrate that the nanoparticles can be controllably fused together to form homogeneous gold nanowires with pre-defined diameters and conductance values. Whereas electromigration is known to form a gap when a dc voltage is applied, this ac technique achieves the opposite, thereby completing the toolkit for the fabrication of nanoscale junctions.
description: Nanotechnology 18, 235202 (2007)
Magnetic field noise analyses generated by the interactions between a nitrogen vacancy center diamond and surface and bulk impurities
Creators: name: Chrostoski, Philip
name: Barrios, Bruce
name: Santamore, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the mechanism of magnetic noise due to both surface and bulk impurities. For surface noise, we apply the Langevin method to spin fluctuation theory to calculate the noise for paramagnetic surface impurities absorbed in a thin layer of water. We find that the mechanisms generating noise are spin flip and spin precession which depend on impurity spin relaxation and spin precession time. For the bulk noise, we consider carbon-13 and nitrogen as impurities and employ the correlated-cluster expansion to calculate noise. Carbon-13 noise is a few orders of magnitude larger than nitrogen due to the higher impurity density in the typical NV center diamond system. We also find that the noise in the secular approximation underestimates noise under low applied magnetic field. Overall, the major source of magnetic field noise is spin precession noise, which is more than five orders of magnitude larger than the spin flip noise.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures (fig.5 and fig.6 have two parts)
Gaseous atomic nickel in the coma of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov
Creators: name: Guzik, Piotr
name: Drahus, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 31 August 2019, an interstellar comet was discovered as it passed through the Solar System (2I/Borisov). Based on initial imaging observations, 2I/Borisov appeared to be completely similar to ordinary Solar System comets - an unexpected characteristic after the multiple peculiarities of the only previous known interstellar visitor 1I/'Oumuamua. Spectroscopic investigations of 2I/Borisov identified the familiar cometary emissions from CN, C2, O I, NH2, OH, HCN, and CO, revealing a composition similar to that of carbon monoxide-rich Solar System comets. At temperatures >700 K, comets additionally show metallic vapors produced by the sublimation of metal-rich dust grains. However, due to the high temperature needed, observation of gaseous metals has been limited to bright sunskirting and sungrazing comets and giant star-plunging exocomets. Here we report spectroscopic detection of atomic nickel vapor in the cold coma of 2I/Borisov observed at a heliocentric distance of 2.322 au - equivalent to an equilibrium temperature of 180 K. Nickel in 2I/Borisov seems to originate from a short-lived nickelbearing molecule with a lifetime of $340^{+260}_{-200}$ s at 1 au and is produced at a rate of $0.9 \pm 0.3 \times 10^{22}$ atoms s$^{-1}$, or 0.002% relative to OH and 0.3% relative to CN. The detection of gas-phase nickel in the coma of 2I/Borisov is in line with the concurrent identification of this atom (as well as iron) in the cold comae of Solar System comets.
description: Accepted manuscript with minor post-acceptance corrections
Emergent Statistical Mechanics from Properties of Disordered Random Matrix Product States
Creators: name: Haferkamp, Jonas
name: Bertoni, Christian
name: Roth, Ingo
name: Eisert, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Entropy
subject: Quantum quench
subject: Quantum statistical mechanics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The study of generic properties of quantum states has led to an abundance of insightful results. A meaningful set of states that can be efficiently prepared in experiments are ground states of gapped local Hamiltonians, which are well approximated by matrix product states. In this work, we introduce a picture of generic states within the trivial phase of matter with respect to their nonequilibrium and entropic properties. We do so by rigorously exploring nontranslation-invariant matrix product states drawn from a local independent and identically distributed Haar measure. We arrive at these results by exploiting techniques for computing moments of random unitary matrices and by exploiting a mapping to partition functions of classical statistical models, a method that has lead to valuable insights on local random quantum circuits. Specifically, we prove that such disordered random matrix product states equilibrate exponentially well with overwhelming probability under the time evolution of Hamiltonians featuring a nondegenerate spectrum. Moreover, we prove two results about the entanglement Rényi entropy: the entropy with respect to sufficiently disconnected subsystems is generically extensive in the system size, and for small connected systems, the entropy is almost maximal for sufficiently large bond dimensions.
Biological control of post-harvest diseases on apple by using plant essential oils and Trichoderma culture filtrates
Creators: name: Eid, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2013

description: Pure essential oils have been purified and chemically characterized from cinnamon, clove and black pepper. All these oils have antifungal properties and when applied to apple fruits in post harvest can efficiently control Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata or Penicillium expansum. In addition, application of these compounds or Trichoderma culture filtrate can induce systemic resistance mechanisms in apple fruit. This has been confirmed through phytoalexins and proteomic analysis. The accumulation of the phytoalexins scopoletin, umbelliferone, and scoparone was induced by the three essential oils or Trichoderma CF. Proteomic analysis indicated many changes in protein production caused by the treatment with the oils, Trichoderma CF and the pathogens. The differential spots (TOTD) obtained were up to 166 in clove plus P. expansum treatment. Twenty nine of the most interesting differentially expressed proteins were further analysed by MALDI-TOF MS. The protein groups identified included: pathogenesis-related proteins belonging to the PR-10 sub-family, some antimicrobial proteins, enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds pathway and ribosomal proteins. The most interesting essential oil was the one extracted from black pepper because it was not phytotoxic on tomato seedlings and apple fruits at all the tested concentrations and showed a good disease control activity.  A new bio-formulate for post-harvest application, based on a combination of three different active ingredients (black pepper oil, Trichoderma CF and a natural ISR-inducing agent also used  as emulsifier) was designed and successfully tested as a synergistic mixture.
Natural interaction with traffic control cameras through multimodal interfaces
Creators: name: Grazioso, Marco
name: Podda, Alessandro Sebastian
name: Barra, Silvio
name: Cutugno, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human-Computer Interfaces have always played a fundamental role in usability and commands' interpretability of the modern software systems. With the explosion of the Artificial Intelligence concept, such interfaces have begun to fill the gap between the user and the system itself, further evolving in Adaptive User Interfaces (AUI). Meta Interfaces are a further step towards the user, and they aim at supporting the human activities in an ambient interactive space; in such a way, the user can control the surrounding space and interact with it. This work aims at proposing a meta user interface that exploits the Put That There paradigm to enable the user to fast interaction by employing natural language and gestures. The application scenario is a video surveillance control room, in which the speed of actions and reactions is fundamental for urban safety and driver and pedestrian security. The interaction is oriented towards three environments: the first is the control room itself, in which the operator can organize the views of the monitors related to the cameras on site by vocal commands and gestures, as well as conveying the audio on the headset or in the speakers of the room. The second one is related to the control of the video, in order to go back and forth to a particular scene showing specific events, or zoom in/out a particular camera; the third allows the operator to send rescue vehicle in a particular street, in case of need. The gestures data are acquired through a Microsoft Kinect 2 which captures pointing and gestures allowing the user to interact multimodally thus increasing the naturalness of the interaction; the related module maps the movement information to a particular instruction, also supported by vocal commands which enable its execution. (cont...)
Transcription complexes as RNA chaperones
Creators: name: Said, Nelly
name: Wahl, Markus C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Co-transcriptional RNA folding
subject: cryoEM
subject: RNA chaperone
subject: single-molecule fluorescence
subject: transcription factor
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: To exert their functions, RNAs adopt diverse structures, ranging from simple secondary to complex tertiary and quaternary folds. In vivo, RNA folding starts with RNA transcription, and a wide variety of processes are coupled to co-transcriptional RNA folding events, including the regulation of fundamental transcription dynamics, gene regulation by mechanisms like attenuation, RNA processing or ribonucleoprotein particle formation. While co-transcriptional RNA folding and associated co-transcriptional processes are by now well accepted as pervasive regulatory principles in all organisms, investigations into the role of the transcription machinery in co-transcriptional folding processes have so far largely focused on effects of the order in which RNA regions are produced and of transcription kinetics. Recent structural and structure-guided functional analyses of bacterial transcription complexes increasingly point to an additional role of RNA polymerase and associated transcription factors in supporting co-transcriptional RNA folding by fostering or preventing strategic contacts to the nascent transcripts. In general, the results support the view that transcription complexes can act as RNA chaperones, a function that has been suggested over 30 years ago. Here, we discuss transcription complexes as RNA chaperones based on recent examples from bacterial transcription.
Parabolic equations with the second order Cauchy conditions on the boundary
Creators: name: Dokuchaev, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35K20, 35Q99, 32A35, 47A52

description: The paper studies some ill-posed boundary value problems on semi-plane for parabolic equations with homogenuous Cauchy condition at initial time and with the second order Cauchy condition on the boundary of the semi-plane. A class of inputs that allows some regularity is suggested and described explicitly in frequency domain. This class is everywhere dense in the space of square integrable functions.
description: 7 pages
D4.2 Using the PID Graph: Provenance in Disciplinary Systems
Creators: name: Lavasa, Artemis
name: Dallmeier-Tiessen, Sünje
name: Sandt, Stephanie Van De
name: Dohna, Tina
name: Koop-Jakobsen, Ketil
name: Schindler, Uwe
name: Ferguson, Christine
name: McEntyre, Johanna
name: Madden, Frances
name: Lambert, Simon
name: Bunakov, Vasily
name: Baars, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: PID
PID infrastructure
PID resolution
FREYA
EOSC
PID network
Provenance

description: The main focus of this deliverable is the different approaches to provenance as understood, expressed, and implemented by the FREYA disciplinary partners in their various pilot applications. The presentations here outline general approaches to provenance in the particular research context of each organisation, current and future implementations, and describe provenance activities that are supported by persistent identifiers.

 The FREYA project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 777523.
Entropy Function for Non-extremal D1D5 and D2D6NS5-branes
Creators: name: Garousi, Mohammad R.
name: Ghodsi, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the entropy function formalism to non-extremal D1D5 and D2D6NS5-branes whose throat approximation is given by the Schwarzschild black hole in AdS_3\times S^3\times T^4 and AdS_3\times S^2\times S^1\times T^4, respectively. We find the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the (alpha')^3R^4 corrections from the value of the entropy function at its saddle point. While the higher derivative terms have no effect on the temperature, they decrease the value of the entropy.
description: 17 Pages, Latex file; Minor additions, version published in JHEP
The two-Cys-type TetR repressor GbaA confers resistance under disulfide and electrophile stress in Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Loi, Vu Van
name: Busche, Tobias
name: Fritsch, Verena Nadin
name: Weise, Christoph
name: Gruhlke, Martin Clemens Horst
name: Slusarenko, Alan John
name: Kalinowski, Jörn
name: Antelmann, Haike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Staphylococcus aureus
subject: GbaA
subject: Thiol switches
subject: Allicin
subject: Diamide
subject: Electrophiles
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Staphylococcus aureus has to cope with oxidative and electrophile stress during host-pathogen interactions. The TetR-family repressor GbaA was shown to sense electrophiles, such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) via monothiol mechanisms of the two conserved Cys55 or Cys104 residues in vitro. In this study, we further investigated the regulation and function of the GbaA repressor and its Cys residues in S. aureus COL. The GbaA-controlled gbaAB-SACOL2595-97 and SACOL2592-nmrA-2590 operons were shown to respond only weakly 3-10-fold to oxidants, electrophiles or antibiotics in S. aureus COL, but are 57-734-fold derepressed in the gbaA deletion mutant, indicating that the physiological inducer is still unknown. Moreover, the gbaA mutant remained responsive to disulfide and electrophile stress, pointing to additional redox control mechanisms of both operons. Thiol-stress induction of the GbaA regulon was strongly diminished in both single Cys mutants, supporting that both Cys residues are required for redox-sensing in vivo. While GbaA and the single Cys mutants are reversible oxidized under diamide and allicin stress, these thiol switches did not affect the DNA binding activity. The repressor activity of GbaA could be only partially inhibited with NEM in vitro. Survival assays revealed that the gbaA mutant confers resistance under diamide, allicin, NEM and methylglyoxal stress, which was mediated by the SACOL2592-90 operon encoding for a putative glyoxalase and oxidoreductase. Altogether, our results support that the GbaA repressor functions in the defense against oxidative and electrophile stress in S. aureus. GbaA represents a 2-Cys-type redox sensor, which requires another redox-sensing regulator and an unknown thiol-reactive ligand for full derepression of the GbaA regulon genes.