cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum communication through anisotropic Heisenberg XY spin chains
Creators: name: Wang, Z. -M.
name: Byrd, M. S.
name: Shao, B.
name: Zou, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum communication through an anisotropic Heisenberg XY chain in a transverse magnetic field. We find that for some time $t$ and anisotropy parameter $γ$, one can transfer a state with a relatively high fidelity. In the strong-field regime, the anisotropy does not significantly affect the fidelity while in the weak-field regime the affect is quite pronounced. The most interesting case is the the intermediate regime where the oscillation of the fidelity with time is low and the high-fidelity peaks are relatively broad. This would, in principle, allow for quantum communication in realistic circumstances. Moreover, we calculate the purity, or tangle, as a measure of the entanglement between one spin and all the other spins in the chain and find that the stronger the anisotropy and exchange interaction, the more entanglement will be generated for a given time.
Sample-based subsampling strategies to identify microplastics in the presence of a high number of particles using quantum-cascade laser-based infrared imaging
Creators: name: Lopez-Rosales, Adrian
name: Andrade, Jose
name: Ferreiro, Borja
name: Muniategui, Soledad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in all ecosystems, affecting wildlife and, ultimately, human health. The complexity of natural samples plus the unspecificity of their treatments to isolate polymers renders the characterization of thousands of particles impractical for environmental monitoring using conventional spectroscopic techniques. Two primary solutions are to analyze a small fraction of the sample or to measure only a subset of particles present over a holder, known as subsampling. A strategy to subsample reflective Kevley slides and gold-coated filters using quantum-cascade laser-based infrared imaging is proposed here, as this technology is a promising tool for MPs monitoring. In contrast to most previous approaches that struggle to propose general subsampling schemes, we introduce the concept of sample-based subsampling. This can be applied ex-ante always and it highlights the best subsampling areas for a sample after a preliminary assay to count the total number of particles on a holder. The error at this stage acts as a proxy to minimize errors when evaluating the number of particles and MPs, significantly enhancing the feasibility of large-scale MPs monitoring. The predictive ability of the approach was tested for fibres and fragments, for total amounts of particles and MPs. Further, the evaluations were disaggregated by size and polymer type. In most situations the reference values were contained in the confidence intervals of the predicted values (often within the 68 % ones) and relative errors were lower than 25 %. Exceptions occurred when very scarce (one or two) items of a given size or polymer were present on the overall holder. The approach was compared to other systematic ad-hoc strategies.
Spontaneous emission from a two-level atom in anisotropic one-band photonic crystals: a fractional calculus approach
Creators: name: Wu, Jing-Nuo
name: Huang, Chih-Hsien
name: Cheng, Szu-Cheng
name: Hsieh, Wen-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous emission (SE) from a two-level atom in a photonic crystal (PC) with anisotropic one-band model is investigated using the fractional calculus. Analytically solving the kinetic equation in terms of the fractional exponential function, the dynamical discrepancy of SE between the anisotropic and isotropic systems is discussed on the basis of different photon density of states (DOS) and the existence of incoherent diffusion field that becomes even more clearly as the atomic transition frequency lies close to the band edge. With the same atom-field coupling strength and detuning in the forbidden gap, the photon-atom bound states in the isotropic system turn into the unbound ones in the anisotropic system that is consistent with the experimental observation in $Phys.$ $Rev.$ $Lett.$ \textbf{96}, 243902 (2006). Dynamics along different wavevectors with various curvatures of dispersion is also addressed with the changes of the photon DOS and the appearance of the diffusion fields.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Agricultural data governance, data justice, and the politics of novel agri-food technologies in Canada
Creators: name: Ruder, Sarah-Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In Canada, technological innovation in the agri-food sector is outpacing research and policy to anticipate and manage impacts. Proponents claim that novel technologies will improve efficiency, environmental sustainability, and profits for farmers, while also promoting food security. Yet, critics argue that benefits will mainly accrue for corporate actors, at the expense of farmer livelihoods and the environment. This dissertation investigates the politics of novel agri-food technologies in Canada. Across four studies, I examine the conditions under which big data, digital technologies, and gene-editing can—or cannot—support transitions to more sustainable, just, and secure food systems in Canada. The first study characterizes the agricultural data governance landscape in Canada through analysis of government and corporate data policies. I find that data policies for farm management platforms go beyond their explicit purpose, asserting control over data, enforcing limits to data rights, and manufacturing legitimacy, all constitutive elements of surveillance capitalism. A second study explores how farmers and agri-food movements are responding to digitalization and data in agriculture. Based on qualitative data from workshops and conferences, I critically examine agricultural data governance challenges, principles, and ‘best practices’, and make a case for applying a data justice lens to improve agricultural data governance. A third study reports on a survey of Canadian farmers (n=1,000) designed to assess perceptions of what role digital technologies play in their ‘sociotechnical imaginaries’ of agricultural futures. Survey results indicate a critical view that digital technologies in agriculture will exacerbate existing power imbalances, as well as mild optimism for the potential for environmental benefits and opportunities to mitigate labour shortages. The final study considers the use of gene editing in agriculture. Using semi-structured interviews with genomics experts in Canada, I study the risks, benefits, and governance challenges for gene-edited crops, engaging with Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). Genomics experts’ resistance to RRI principles and exercises of discursive closure are challenges for responsible governance of gene-edited crops. Collectively, these four studies advance theoretical frameworks from Science and Technology Studies and Critical Data Studies in agri-food contexts and offer empirical evidence to inform the governance of agri-food technologies in Canada.
Econometric Analysis of Agricultural Raw Material Exports, Exchange Rate and External Reserves in Nigeria
Creators: name: Awoderu, Babalola Kayode
name: Abu, Orefi
name: Asogwa, Benjamin Chijioke
name: Awoderu, Babalola Kayode
name: Abu, Orefi
name: Asogwa, Benjamin Chijioke
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agriculture
subject: exchange rate
subject: export promotion
subject: international reserves
subject: time seriesanalysis.

description: This study examined the interrelationships among agricultural raw material exports, exchange rates and external reserves in Nigeria spanning 50 years from 1967 to 2017 using data from World Bank, International Monetary Fund and World Trade Organization. Due to the validation of a long-run relationship among the variables by the Johansen cointegration test which showed 2 cointegrating relations significant at 1%, the vector error correction model was adopted. The results showed that agricultural raw materials export has positive effect on external reserves while external reserves have adverse effect on agricultural raw materials export. Exchange rate simultaneously affects agricultural raw material export and external reserves negatively. The Wald test revealed a bi-directional causality between agricultural raw materials export and external reserve as well as a unidirectional causality running from agricultural raw materials export to exchange rate and exchange rate to external reserve. The findings, therefore, provide suggestion that exports should be encouraged.
Spatial Variations in Galactic H I Structure on AU-Scales Toward 3C 147 Observed with the Very Long Baseline Array
Creators: name: Lazio, T. Joseph W.
name: Brogan, C. L.
name: Goss, W. M.
name: Stanimirovic, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports dual-epoch, Very Long Baseline Array observations of H I absorption toward 3C 147. One of these epochs (2005) represents new observations while one (1998) represents the reprocessing of previous observations to obtain higher signal-to-noise results. Significant H I opacity and column density variations, both spatially and temporally, are observed with typical variations at the level of Δτ~ 0.20 and in some cases as large as Δτ~ 0.70, corresponding to column density fluctuations of order 5 x 10^{19} cm^{-2} for an assumed 50 K spin temperature. The typical angular scale is 15 mas; while the distance to the absorbing gas is highly uncertain, the equivalent linear scale is likely to be about 10 AU. Approximately 10% of the face of the source is covered by these opacity variations, probably implying a volume filling factor for the small-scale absorbing gas of no more than about 1%. Comparing our results with earlier results toward 3C 138 (Brogan et al.), we find numerous similarities, and we conclude that small-scale absorbing gas is a ubiquitous phenomenon, albeit with a low probability of intercept on any given line of sight. Further, we compare the volumes sampled by the line of sight through the Galaxy between our two epochs and conclude that, on the basis of the motion of the Sun alone, these two volumes are likely to be substantially different. In order to place more significant constraints on the various models for the origin of these small-scale structures, more frequent sampling is required in any future observations.
description: 16 pages with 10 figures in 24 files; AASTeX format; accepted by AJ
Hemidactylus ateles var. depressa Fisch.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Hemidactylus
Hemidactylus ateles
Var. depressa fisch.

description: Id. var. depressa Fisch.
Insel Ruk [l] v. F M.
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 708, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Development of Immobilized 8 -Galactosidase Bioreactor for Processing Lactose in Dairy Fluids
Creators: name: Shukla, Himakshi. C.
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1993

description: The aim of this study was to develop an immobilized 8 - galactosidase bioreactor for processing lactose in dairy fluids. The role of low lactose milk and whey in diet and preventive health care has been discussed. The recycling of lactose containing dairy fluids to food manufacture has been strongly recommended. A literature survey of research on immobilization of 8 -galactosidase and immobilized enzyme bioreactor indicate diffusion as one of the main problems in reactor modelling. In this study diffusion was minimized by immobilizing the enzyme on an impervious surface by covalent method. Tricel, a cellulose triacetate fibre has been used as the support. A derivative fibre was obtained by controlled hydrolysis of surface acetate groups. The surface hydroxyl groups were activated by the method given by Mirion and Wilchik (1987). The method was modified to circumvent the solubility of the fibres in acetone (Shukla et al, 1987). Steric hindrance by direct attachment of the enzyme to the fibres resulted in very low yields. Spacers of various lengths were incorporated to reduce the steric hindrance (Chaplin et al, 1987). Studies on the inactivation of 8 - galactosidase by the coupling agent (EDC) showed that the inactivation was probably due to binding at the active site. The protection of the active site by the substrate during the immobilization gave higher yields. The immobilization method was optimized and a protocol for immobilizing the enzyme on the cellulose triacetate fibres has been given. Physical and chemical methods to monitor the immobilization process were studied. FTIR spectroscopy allowed rapid monitoring of the immobilization process and further research on this aspect has been suggested. The kinetics of the free and immobilized enzyme were studied. The kinetic constants for the free and immobilized enzyme were found to be similar. The optimum pH was dependent on the type of spacer used. Studies on the inhibition of B-galactosidase by galactose showed non-competitive type of Inhibition (Shukla and Chaplin, 1993). This was contradictory to the studies reported previously in the literature. A laboratory scale fibre reactor was developed. The residence time distribution at different flow rates showed that an ideal plug flow was approached at a flow rate of 82 ml minute-'. The immobilization was carried out in-situ. Lactose hydrolysis in a recycle reactor showed that the external diffusion was minimized at a flow rate of 54 ml minute-1. The reactor performance fitted the non-competitive inhibition model. Coimmobilization of galactose-ioxidase to remove galactose has been suggested to increase the reactor performance and stability.
The molecular gas content of the advanced S+E merger NGC 4441 - Evidence for an extended decoupled nuclear disc?
Creators: name: Juette, E.
name: Aalto, S.
name: Huettemeister, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mergers between a spiral and an elliptical (S+E mergers) are poorly studied so far despite the importance for galaxy evolution. NGC4441 is a nearby candidate for an advanced remnant of such a merger, showing typical tidal structures like an optical tail and two shells as well as two HI tails. The study of the molecular gas content gives clues on the impact of the recent merger event on the star formation. Simulations of S+E mergers predict contradictory scenarios concerning the strength and the extent of an induced starburst. Thus, observations of the amount and the distribution of the molecular gas, the raw material of star formation, are needed to understand the influence of the merger on the star formation history. 12CO and 13CO (1-0) and (2-1) observations were obtained using the Onsala Space Observatory 20m and IRAM 30m telescope as well as the Plateau de Bure interferometer. These data allow us to carry out a basic analysis of the molecular gas properties such as estimates of the molecular gas mass, its temperature and density and the star formation efficiency. The CO observations reveal an extended molecular gas reservoir out to ~4kpc, with a total molecular gas mass of ~5x10^8 M_sun. Furthermore, high resolution imaging shows a central molecular gas feature, most likely a rotating disc hosting most of the molecular gas ~4x10^8 M_sun. This nuclear disc shows a different sense of rotation than the large-scale HI structure, indicating a kinematically decoupled core. (abbreviated)
description: 11 pages, accepted by A&A
The mean field theory of spin glasses: the heuristic replica approach and recent rigorous results
Creators: name: Parisi, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mathematically correct computation of the spin glasses free energy in the infinite range limit crowns 25 years of mathematic efforts in solving this model. The exact solution of the model was found many years ago by using a heuristic approach; the results coming from the heuristic approach were crucial in deriving the mathematical results. The mathematical tools used in the rigorous approach are quite different from those of the heuristic approach. In this note we will review the heuristic approach to spin glasses in the light of the rigorous results; we will also discuss some conjectures that may be useful to derive the solution of the model in an alternative way.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure; lecture at the Flato Colloquia Day, Thursday 27 November, 2008
Spherically Symmetric Gravitational Collapse
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Iqbal, Khadija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss gravitational collapse of spherically symmetric spacetimes. We derive a general formalism by taking two arbitrary spherically symmetric spacetimes with $g_{00}=1$. Israel's junction conditions are used to develop this formalism. The formulae for extrinsic curvature tensor are obtained. The general form of the surface energy-momentum tensor depending on extrinsic curvature tensor components is derived. This leads us to the surface energy density and the tangential pressure. The formalism is applied to two known spherically symmetric spacetimes. The results obtained show the regions for the collapse and expansion of the shell.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Linear-time nearest point algorithms for Coxeter lattices
Creators: name: McKilliam, Robby G.
name: Smith, Warren D.
name: Clarkson, I. Vaughan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Coxeter lattices, which we denote $A_{n/m}$, are a family of lattices containing many of the important lattices in low dimensions. This includes $A_n$, $E_7$, $E_8$ and their duals $A_n^*$, $E_7^*$ and $E_8^*$. We consider the problem of finding a nearest point in a Coxeter lattice. We describe two new algorithms, one with worst case arithmetic complexity $O(n\log{n})$ and the other with worst case complexity O(n) where $n$ is the dimension of the lattice. We show that for the particular lattices $A_n$ and $A_n^*$ the algorithms reduce to simple nearest point algorithms that already exist in the literature.
description: submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
AvatARoid : using a motion-mapped AR overlay to bridge the embodiment gap between robot and teleoperator in robot-mediated telepresence
Creators: name: Ghimire, Amit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In robot-mediated telepresence, the teleoperator's physical embodiment enhances social interaction with on-site users. Current user representation techniques may result in disparities between the robotic embodiment and the teleoperator's representation, resulting in perceptual dissonance in on-site users which can degrade the interaction quality. To address this dissonance felt by on-site users, we introduce AvatARoid, a novel system that emphasizes the teleoperator's embodiment by superimposing a motion-mapped AR overlay of the teleoperator’s avatar on a humanoid robot. To assess the conceptual validity of AvatARoid, we implemented our system with a virtual robot in a realistic AR simulation carefully designed to maximize the sense of co-presence with the virtual robot. Since our evaluation focused on the different visual representations of the teleoperator, we designed the appearance and behavior of the virtual robot in our simulation to appear visually plausible and realistic within the experimental environment when augmented with different representations of the teleoperator. We conducted a mixed-method between-participants study (n=48) where participants engaged in a "get-to-know-you'' conversation followed by a word guessing game with a confederate teleoperator, represented as a virtual humanoid robot with (a) only the voice of the teleoperator (b) voice and video, or (c) AvatARoid. Our findings suggest that the AvatARoid system significantly improved the on-site user's perceived embodiment of the teleoperator compared to other conditions, particularly enhancing the sense that the teleoperator was situated in the same location as the robot and adding confidence that the teleoperator was in control of the robot. Additionally, AvatARoid allowed for more expressive non-verbal gestures, leading to engaging interactions. In contrast, the video and baseline conditions often resulted in on-site users feeling a pronounced disconnect between the teleoperator and the robot. Our study offers new insights into conceptualizing and evaluating novel user representation techniques to promote social interaction in robot-mediated telepresence systems.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЧАЙНОГО НАПИТКА НА ОСНОВЕ РАСТЕНИЯ АРТИШОК
Creators: name: Нуманова, М.И.
name: Фатхуллаев, А.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В статье рассмотрены вопросы создание функциональных пищевых продуктов на основе инулинсодержащего растительного сырья позволит обеспечить обеспечить население функциональным питанием диабетического характера. Чайный напиток на основе растения артишок, содержит в своем составе фолиевой кислоты и витаминов C и K, они также содержат важные минералы, такие как магний, фосфор, калий и железо которые имеют важное значения для организма человека.
Electron Scattering and Hybrid Phonons in Low Dimensional Laser Structures made with GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs
Creators: name: Stavrou, V. N.
name: Veropoulos, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically and numerically present the hybrid phonon modes for the double heterostructure GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs and their interactions with electrons. More specifically, we have calculated the electron capture within a symmetric quantum well via the emission of hybrid phonons. Our investigation shows that the capture rates via the hybrid phonons are matched to the rates predicted by the dielectric continuum (DC) model and the concentration of aluminium which is an important parameter for controlling the electron capture process in light emitting diodes (LED).
description: 11 pages
Anisotropic Optical Spin Hall Effect in Semiconductor Microcavities
Creators: name: Amo, A.
name: Liew, T. C. H.
name: Adrados, C.
name: Giacobino, E.
name: Kavokin, A. V.
name: Bramati, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagating, directionally dependent, polarized spin-currents are created in an anisotropic planar semiconductor microcavity, via Rayleigh scattering of optically injected polaritons in the optical spin Hall regime. The influence of anisotropy results in the suppression or enhancement of the pseudospin precession of polaritons scattered into different directions. This is exploited to create intense spin currents by excitation on top of localized defects. A theoretical model considering the influence of the total effective magnetic field on the polariton pseudospin quantitatively reproduces the experimental observations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Magnetic Impurities in the Pnictide Superconductor Ba$_{1-x}$K$_{x}$Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Sutirtha
name: Oh, Sangwon
name: Mounce, A M
name: Lee, Moohee
name: Halperin, W P
name: Ni, N
name: Bud'ko, S L
name: Canfield, P C
name: Reyes, A P
name: Kuhns, P L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NMR measurements have been performed on single crystals of Ba$_{1-x}$K$_{x}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ (x = 0, 0.45) and CaFe$_2$As$_2$ grown from Sn flux. The Ba-based pnictide crystals contain significant amounts of Sn in their structure, $\sim 1$%, giving rise to magnetic impurity effects evident in the NMR spectrum and in the magnetization. Our experiments show that the large impurity magnetization is broadly distributed on a microscopic scale, generating substantial magnetic field gradients. There is a concomitant 20% reduction in the transition temperature which is most likely due to magnetic electron scattering. We suggest that the relative robustness of superconductivity ($x=0.45$) in the presence of severe magnetic inhomogeneity might be accounted for by strong spatial correlations between impurities on the coherence length scale.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures (submitted to New Journal of Physics)
Reviewing the fundamentals and best practices to characterize microplastics using state-of-the-art quantum-cascade laser reflectance-absorbance spectroscopy
Creators: name: Lopez-Rosales, Adrian
name: Ferreiro, Borja
name: Andrade, Jose
name: Kerstan, Andreas
name: Robey, Darren
name: Muniategui, Soledad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microplastic pollution studies depend on reliable identification of the suspicious particles. Out of the various analytical techniques available to characterize them, infrared transflectance using a tuneable mid-IR quantum cascade laser is a high-throughput state-of-the-art imaging option, specifically Agilent QCL-LDIR (Quantum Cascade Laser Direct Infrared imaging). Its conceptual grounds are reviewed, instrumental developments are discussed, along with a review of applications and best practices to overcome obstacles/difficulties in routine measurements, namely: the spectral range, the variation of some peak intensities with the particles size, effects of the size of the particles, processing speed, and avoiding the use of measurement aliquots. Objective procedures to avoid too many false positives when identifying spectra and to distinguish fibers and fragments are given. These practices open a path to QCL-LDIR measurement standardization and potential use for microplastics monitoring, as requested by many governmental bodies in charge of setting environmental protection rules.
description: Complete text and Supplementary Material
Muddy molecules for pandemic protection : investigating the use of wetland sediment as a tool for the surveillance of avian influenza virus in wild waterfowl birds
Creators: name: Coombe, Michelle Karin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a wildlife-origin pathogen with potential for causing disease in multiple species but challenges in sampling directly from wild bird hosts means the diversity of circulating viruses is often incompletely understood. This dissertation evaluated if indirect sampling of wild waterfowl birds through viruses excreted into their wetland environment—combined with probe capture sequencing—could provide an alternative to conventional AIV surveillance. Our project collected both conventional bird swabs (n = 1,290) and environmental wetland sediment samples (n = 2,090) between September 2016 and August 2018 in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. To facilitate selection of environmental sample collection locations, we characterized the spatial clustering of AIV positivity in wetland using Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic and identified ecological variables associated with detection of AIV through a Bernoulli generalized additive regression model with the R-INLA program. Evaluating the use of environmental samples as a proxy for conventional surveillance was done by comparing the AIV subtype diversity found in wetland sediment with that from direct bird sampling. The temporal dynamics of AIV subtype diversity in wetland sediment follows the seasonality of waterfowl migration. Furthermore, it suggests that extended persistence of AIV in the wetland sediment was possible but unlikely to extend over the summer months in our study area. Compared to direct bird surveillance, environmental surveillance provided higher subtype detection rates, detected subtypes at more times of the year, and detected a higher maximum number of subtypes per sample. We developed a methodology to incorporate both the fragmented RNA detected in the environment and complete AIV sequences from wild birds into the same Bayesian phylogenetic trees. Within a subtype, we found that only a small number of AIV sequences from sediment were considered genetically equivalent to AIV from study birds; however, many were genetically similar. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that while environmental surveillance can provide similar trends to conventional surveillance, greater genetic diversity is detected at more locations and more times of year when using both programs together. Combining multiple surveillance data sources provides the best context for decision makers in a complex and incompletely understood disease landscape.
Effects of scattering and dust grain size on the temperature structure of protoplanetary discs: A three-layer approach
Creators: name: Inoue, Akio K.
name: Oka, Akinori
name: Nakamoto, Taishi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature in the optically thick interior of protoplanetary discs is essential for the interpretation of millimeter observations of the discs, for the vertical structure of the discs, for models of the disc evolution and the planet formation, and for the chemistry in the discs. Since large icy grains have a large albedo even in the infrared, the effect of scattering of the diffuse radiation in the discs on the interior temperature should be examined. We have performed a series of numerical radiation transfer simulations including isotropic scattering by grains with various typical sizes for the diffuse radiation as well as for the incident stellar radiation. We also have developed an analytic model including isotropic scattering to understand the physics concealed in the numerical results. With the analytic model, we have shown that the standard two-layer approach is valid only for grey opacity (i.e. grain size $\ga10$ \micron) even without scattering. A three-layer interpretation is required for grain size $\la10$ \micron. When the grain size is 0.1--10 \micron, the numerical simulations show that isotropic scattering reduces the temperature of the disc interior. This reduction is nicely explained by the analytic three-layer model as a result of the energy loss by scatterings of the incident stellar radiation and of the warm diffuse radiation in the disc atmosphere. For grain size $\ga10$ \micron (i.e. grey scattering), the numerical simulations show that isotropic scattering does not affect the interior temperature. This is nicely explained by the analytic two-layer model; the energy loss by scattering in the disc atmosphere is exactly offset by the "green-house effect" due to scattering of the cold diffuse radiation in the interior.
description: MNRAS accepted
The Fourier state of a dilute granular gas described by the inelastic Boltzmann equation
Creators: name: Brey, J. Javier
name: Khalil, N.
name: Ruiz-Montero, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of two stationary solutions of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation for inelastic hard spheres or disks is investigated. They are restricted neither to weak dissipation nor to small gradients. The one-particle distribution functions are assumed to have an scaling property, namely that all the position dependence occurs through the density and the temperature. At the macroscopic level, the state corresponding to both is characterized by uniform pressure, no mass flow, and a linear temperature profile. Moreover, the state exhibits two peculiar features. First, there is a relationship between the inelasticity of collisions, the pressure, and the temperature gradient. Second, the heat flux can be expressed as being linear in the temperature gradient, i.e. a Fourier-like law is obeyed. One of the solutions is singular in the elastic limit. The theoretical predictions following from the other one are compared with molecular dynamics simulation results and a good agreement is obtained in the parameter region in which the Fourier state can be actually observed in the simulations, namely not too strong inelasticity.
description: 24 pages 9 figures
Additional file 1 of Integrin Mac1 mediates paraquat and maneb-induced learning and memory impairments in mice through NADPH oxidase–NLRP3 inflammasome axis-dependent microglial activation
Creators: name: Hou, Liyan
name: Liu, Jianing
name: Sun, Fuqiang
name: Huang, Ruixue
name: Chang, Rui
name: Ruan, Zhengzheng
name: Wang, Ying
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Wang, Qingshan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. P + M exposure elevates Mac1 expression in cortex of mice. The representative images of Mac1 staining in the cortex of mice at the indicated timepoints of P + M injection and quantification of Mac1 immunostaining density. n = 3; **p < 0.01; Scale bar = 100 μm. Fig. S2. Mac1 knockout attenuates P + M-induced neurodegeneration in the cortex of mice. (A) Quantification of Neu-N+ cell number in the cortex of mice. (B) Quantification of PSD-95 immunostaining in the cortex of mice. n = 4; **p < 0.01; Scale bar = 200 μm. Fig. S3. NOX contributes to Mac1-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary microglia intoxicated with P + M. (A) Representative blots of NLRP3, active caspase-1 and mature IL-1β in P + M-treated primary cells with or without anti-Mac1 blocking Ab and the quantification of density of these blots. (B) Representative blots of NLRP3, active caspase-1 and mature IL-1β in P + M-treated primary cells with or without apocynin and the quantification of density of these blots. (C) Representative blots of NLRP3, active caspase-1 and mature IL-1β in P + M-treated primary cells with or without combined anti-Mac1 blocking antibody and PMA and the quantification of density of these blots. (D) Representative blots of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated ERK1/2 in P + M-treated primary cells with or without apocynin and the quantification of density of these blots. n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Fig. S4. Glybenclamide attenuates P + M-induced neurodegeneration in cortex of mice. (A) Quantification of Neu-N+ cell number in the cortex of mice. (B) Quantification of PSD-95 immunostaining in the cortex of mice. n = 4; **p < 0.01; Scale bar = 200 μm.
Regional Productivity Differential and Technology Gap In African Agriculture: A Stochastic Metafrontier Approach
Creators: name: Owusu, Rebecca
name: Kwadzo, Moses
name: Ghartey, William
name: Owusu, Rebecca
name: Kwadzo, Moses
name: Ghartey, William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: African agriculture
subject: productivity growth
subject: technology gap
subject: metafrontier
subject: trade

description: Higher agricultural productivity in African agriculture is important for achieving the sustainable development goals of no poverty and zero hunger. However, productivity levels in African agriculture are very low and strategies for improving productivity have not produced the desired outcome. Successful productivity improvement strategies are contingent on identifying sources of productivity growth in African agriculture, and devising strategies to increasing productivity. This paper uses recent advances in the stochastic metafrontier literature to decompose efficiency into technical efficiency and technology gap. Generally, the results show an average efficiency of 71%, indicating about 29% shortfall in efficiency in African agriculture. Specifically, the results show that Central African countries are more productive compared to the other regions. The study also showed that improved agricultural technologies lead to productivity increases. The source of inefficiency is attributable to technological inefficiency rather than technical inefficiency because the empirical estimates show that almost all countries are producing close to the regional frontier. Using the bootstrap truncated regression model, factors such as agricultural research & development, trade openness and literacy were determined as having efficiency increasing effects. The study therefore recommends greater investment in agricultural research and development, and more trade openness to reduce the technology gaps and increase overall productivity of African Agriculture
title: Eyn schreiben, So der Churfuerst zu Sachssen [et]c. Vnd Der Landtgraff zu Hessen, [et]c. An die Keyserlichen Maiestat Zů jrer Chůr vnd Fuerstlichen gnaden vnschuld jungst gethon haben
Creators: name: Johann Friedrich I., Sachsen, Kurfürst
name: Philipp I., Hessen, Landgraf
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: Manuscripts & rare books
Handschriften, seltene Bücher

description: Elektronische Reproduktion von: Eyn schreiben/ So der Churfuerst zu Sachssen [et]c. Vnd Der Landtgraff zu Hessen/ [et]c. An die Keyserlichen Maiestat Zů jrer Chůr vnd Fuerstlichen gnaden vnschuld jungst gethon haben. - [Nürnberg] : [Heußler, Wolfgang], 1546. - [4] Bl. : TH. ; 4°. - 
Standort: Universität Marburg, Universitätsbibliothek. - 
Signatur: 095 VIII B 206 e # Marburg. - 
Bemerkungen: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: An. M. D. XLVI. Gedruckt zu Marburg. - 
Dom.Mar. 209. - BNHCat J 167. - 
Bibliographischer Nachweis: Dommer : Die ältesten Drucke aus Marburg in Hessen, 209. - 
Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachbereich erschienenen Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts, S 1040. - 
(Hassiaca)

Digitalisiert 2025
Optimal scaling of the random walk Metropolis on elliptically symmetric unimodal targets
Creators: name: Sherlock, Chris
name: Roberts, Gareth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Scaling of proposals for Metropolis algorithms is an important practical problem in MCMC implementation. Criteria for scaling based on empirical acceptance rates of algorithms have been found to work consistently well across a broad range of problems. Essentially, proposal jump sizes are increased when acceptance rates are high and decreased when rates are low. In recent years, considerable theoretical support has been given for rules of this type which work on the basis that acceptance rates around 0.234 should be preferred. This has been based on asymptotic results that approximate high dimensional algorithm trajectories by diffusions. In this paper, we develop a novel approach to understanding 0.234 which avoids the need for diffusion limits. We derive explicit formulae for algorithm efficiency and acceptance rates as functions of the scaling parameter. We apply these to the family of elliptically symmetric target densities, where further illuminating explicit results are possible. Under suitable conditions, we verify the 0.234 rule for a new class of target densities. Moreover, we can characterise cases where 0.234 fails to hold, either because the target density is too diffuse in a sense we make precise, or because the eccentricity of the target density is too severe, again in a sense we make precise. We provide numerical verifications of our results.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/08-BEJ176 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
High-frequency dynamical response of Abrikosov vortex lattice in flux-flow region
Creators: name: Lin, F. Pei-Jen
name: Matlock, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical response of the Abrikosov vortex lattice in the presence of an oscillating driving field is calculated by constructing an analytical solution of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation. The solution is steady-state, and work done by the input signal is dissipated through vortex cores, mainly by scattering with phonons. The response is nonlinear in the input signal, and is verified for consistency within the theory. The existence of well-defined parameters to control nonlinear effects is important for any practical application in electronics, and a normalised distance from the normal-superconducting phase-transition boundary is found to be such a parameter to which the response is sensitive. Favourable comparison with NbN experimental data in the optical region is made, where the effect is in the linear regime. Predictions are put forward regarding the suppression of heating and also the lattice configuration at high frequency.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, revtex; V2: clarifications, reference added, mended typos
The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Abazajian, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), marking the completion of the original goals of the SDSS and the end of the phase known as SDSS-II. It includes 11663 deg^2 of imaging data, with most of the roughly 2000 deg^2 increment over the previous data release lying in regions of low Galactic latitude. The catalog contains five-band photometry for 357 million distinct objects. The survey also includes repeat photometry over 250 deg^2 along the Celestial Equator in the Southern Galactic Cap. A coaddition of these data goes roughly two magnitudes fainter than the main survey. The spectroscopy is now complete over a contiguous area of 7500 deg^2 in the Northern Galactic Cap, closing the gap that was present in previous data releases. There are over 1.6 million spectra in total, including 930,000 galaxies, 120,000 quasars, and 460,000 stars. The data release includes improved stellar photometry at low Galactic latitude. The astrometry has all been recalibrated with the second version of the USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC-2), reducing the rms statistical errors at the bright end to 45 milli-arcseconds per coordinate. A systematic error in bright galaxy photometr is less severe than previously reported for the majority of galaxies. Finally, we describe a series of improvements to the spectroscopic reductions, including better flat-fielding and improved wavelength calibration at the blue end, better processing of objects with extremely strong narrow emission lines, and an improved determination of stellar metallicities. (Abridged)
description: 20 pages, 10 embedded figures. Accepted to ApJS after minor corrections
MPEC 2024-S69 : 2024 SH1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 SH1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Aspects Analytiques Dans la Mathematique De Sharaf Al-Dîn Al-TÛSÎ
Creators: name: Fares, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The analytical aspects of the "Traité des équations" of Sharaf al-Dîn al-Tûsî (2nd half of the XIIth century) have been underlined by R. Rashed (1974, 1986). In the present paper, we consider again some of those aspects, when studying the "second part" of the "Traité". We find out that al-Tûsî introduces certain notions, develops reasonings and uses calculating procedures that may allow his work to be an important reference in the history of the mathematical analysis. As such, one is led to examine the foundations of a J.P. Hogendijk conjecture (1989), which situates the advanced mathematics of this "2nd Part" in the only domain of Euclidian geometry. Simultaneously, we shall try to shed some light on a passage of the "Traité", made unclear by al-Tûsî style and expression. Our study is essentially based on the texts to confirm the originality and the importance of these XIIth century mathematics. I would like to express my thanks to Prof. C. Houzel (Univ. Paris VII) and B. El-Mabsout (Univ. Paris VI), for reading the manuscript and providing their precious remarks.