cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Army Permit No. SAJ-2015-3023 (201503023) - Daniel Ades - Dock Project
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Endangered Species Act-Section 7 Consultation-Biological Opinion Proposed USACE issuance of a regulatory permit to Daniel Ades
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Southeast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Southeast Region
Year: 2016

description: SERO-2016-00769
Accurate nonadiabatic quantum dynamics on the cheap: making the most of mean field theory with master equations
Creators: name: Kelly, Aaron
name: Brackbill, Nora
name: Markland, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we show how Ehrenfest mean field theory can be made both a more accurate and efficient method to treat nonadiabatic quantum dynamics by combining it with the generalized quantum master equation framework. The resulting mean field generalized quantum master equation (MF-GQME) approach is a non-perturbative and non-Markovian theory to treat open quantum systems without any restrictions on the form of the Hamiltonian that it can be applied to. By studying relaxation dynamics in a wide range of dynamical regimes, typical of charge and energy transfer, we show that MF-GQME provides a much higher accuracy than a direct application of mean field theory. In addition, these increases in accuracy are accompanied by computational speed-ups of between one and two orders of magnitude that become larger as the system becomes more nonadiabatic. This combination of quantum-classical theory and master equation techniques thus makes it possible to obtain the accuracy of much more computationally expensive approaches at a cost lower than even mean field dynamics, providing the ability to treat the quantum dynamics of atomistic condensed phase systems for long times.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Nanofiltration membrane based on hyperbranched polyethyleneimine-functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes for Pb(II) removal from water
Creators: name: Masenye, Edward Rorisang
name: Mabuba, Nonhlangabezo
name: Malinga, Soraya Phumzile
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Using polysulfone (PSf) as the substrate, a polyamide thin-film composite membrane was synthesised via interfacial polymerisation of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine-functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes (HPEI/MWCNTs) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The prepared HPEI/MWCNT/PSf nanocomposite membrane was evaluated for the removal of Pb(II). The morphology and physicochemical properties of the prepared membranes were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements and flux measurements. The adsorption studies were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The prepared composite membranes (HPEI/MWCNT/PSf) showed improved Pb(II) removal and enhanced hydrophilicity. The modified membranes were found to be more hydrophilic (contact angle = 63.23°) compared to the neat PSf membrane (contact angle = 122.22°). The water flux for the modified membranes increased linearly with applied pressure. The HPEI/MWCNT/PSf-1% membrane adsorbed more than 95% of Pb(II) ions within 10 minutes.
Biases in the inferred mass-to-light ratio of globular clusters: no need for variations in the stellar mass function
Creators: name: Shanahan, Rosemary L.
name: Gieles, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From a study of the integrated light properties of 200 globular clusters (GCs) in M31, Strader et al. found that the mass-to-light ratios are lower than what is expected from simple stellar population (SSP) models with a `canonical' stellar initial mass function (IMF), with the discrepancy being larger at high metallicities. We use dynamical multi-mass models, that include a prescription for equipartition, to quantify the bias in the inferred dynamical mass as the result of the assumption that light follows mass. For a universal IMF and a metallicity dependent present day mass function we find that the inferred mass from integrated light properties systematically under estimates the true mass, and that the bias is more important at high metallicities, as was found for the M31 GCs. We show that mass segregation and a flattening of the mass function have opposing effects of similar magnitude on the mass inferred from integrated properties. This makes the mass-to-light ratio as derived from integrated properties an inadequate probe of the low-mass end of the stellar mass function. There is, therefore, no need for variations in the IMF, nor the need to invoke depletion of low-mass stars, to explain the observations. Finally, we find that the retention fraction of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) is an equally important parameter in understanding the mass segregation bias. We speculatively put forward to idea that kinematical data of GCs can in fact be used to constrain the total mass in stellar-mass BHs in GCs.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS Letters, update to match final published version
D1.6 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for assessment - I
Creators: name: Landini, Alberto
name: Rodríguez, Pablo
name: Anasagasti, Mikel
name: González, Jesús Pablo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This deliverable presents the main performance metrics for the evaluation of the Sharework system performances in a general manufacturing process. The performance metrics are defined in terms of impact in an industrial scenario and assessment of modules performances. All identified metrics are analysed in detail, providing details on why they are relevant, which dynamics of the process they can evaluate and how they can be measured. When relevant, interactions between different models are highlighted to provide a deeper overview on how outputs and metrics relative of a module can become the input and the basis for new metrics of another module.
3D periodic dielectric composite homogenization based on the Generalized Source Method
Creators: name: Shcherbakov, Alexey A.
name: Tishchenko, Alexandre V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The article encloses a new Fourier space method for rigorous optical simulation of 3D periodic dielectric structures. The method relies upon rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations in complex composite structures by the Generalized Source Method. Extremely fast GPU enabled calculations provide a possibility for an efficient search of eigenmodes in 3D periodic complex structures on the basis of rigorously obtained resonant electromagnetic response. The method is applied to the homogenization problem demonstrating a complete anisotropic dielectric tensor retrieval.
description: 11 pages, 5 fugures, 1 table
title: ONR Arctic research activities 2022-2023
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion Office of Naval Research (ONR) Arctic Activities
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Alaska Regional Office
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Alaska Regional Office
Year: 2022

description: AKRO-2022-01871
Experimentally validated extractive spectrophotometric determination method of osmium(VIII) from environmental samples: sequential separation of osmium(VIII), rhodium(III) and ruthenium(III)
Creators: name: Gaikwad, Shashikant H.
name: Barache, Umesh B.
name: Lokhande, Tukaram N.
name: Anuse, Mansing A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: An ethanolic solution of 1, 3–bis(hydroxymethyl) benzimidazole–2-thione (BHMBT), in the presence of hydrochloric and perchloric acid (1 mol L−1), reacts with osmium(VIII) to give pink-coloured complex instantly at room temperature. The coloured species formed is extracted into methyl isobutyl ketone and shows maximum absorbance at 520 nm (hydrochloric acid) and 540 nm (perchloric acid). Excellent linearity with regression equation as y = 0.025x + 0.005 having correlation coefficient R2 = 0.999 over concentration range of 5.5–30.0 µg mL−1 of osmium(VIII) is achieved with notable molar absorptivity of 4.907 × 104 L mol–1 cm–1. The optimum concentration range is 5.62–29.99 µg mL−1 which is deduced by Ringbom’s plot. Further other features like limit of detection (LOD = 0.15 µg mL−1), limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.48 µg mL−1) and Sandell’s sensitivity (SS = of 0.038 µg cm−2) are determined as well. The stoichiometry of [Os(VIII)–BHMBT] (1:1) complex is confirmed by applying log-log plot scheme. The specificity headed for osmium(VIII) is well studied and proper masking reagents are used where required to improve it. The intra-day and inter-day precision values are found to be brilliant with % relative standard deviation of 0.84 and 0.87 respectively with % accuracy within the range of 99.00–100. The method is effectively used for determination of osmium(VIII) from water samples, binary and ternary synthetic mixtures, simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) and osmium(VIII) and sequential separation of it from other associated metal ions. The method is sensitive and free from interference of associated ions commonly found with osmium(VIII).
Reinduction of ErbB2 in astrocytes promotes radial glial progenitor identity in adult cerebral cortex
Creators: name: Ghashghaei, H.T.
name: Schmid, R. S.
name: Popko, B.
name: Yokota, Y.
name: Weimer, J. M.
name: Anton, E.S.
name: McCarthy, K. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Radial glial cells play a critical role in the construction of mammalian brain by functioning as a source of new neurons and by providing a scaffold for radial migration of new neurons to their target locations. Radial glia transform into astrocytes at the end of embryonic development. Strategies to promote functional recovery in the injured adult brain depend on the generation of new neurons and the appropriate guidance of these neurons to where they are needed, two critical functions of radial glia. Thus, the competence to regain radial glial identity in the adult brain is of significance for the ability to promote functional repair via neurogenesis and targeted neuronal migration in the mature brain. Here we show that the in vivo induction of the tyrosine kinase receptor, ErbB2, in mature astrocytes enables a subset of them to regain radial glial identity in the mature cerebral cortex. These new radial glial progenitors are capable of giving rise to new neurons and can support neuronal migration. These studies indicate that ErbB2 signaling critically modulates the functional state of radial glia, and induction of ErbB2 in distinct adult astrocytes can promote radial glial identity in the mature cerebral cortex.
title: Desinformation:  Herausforderung für  die Demokratie
title: Einstellungen und Wahrnehmungen in Europa
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Unzicker, Kai
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Desinformation
subject: Falschinformation
subject: Internetnutzung
subject: Social Media
subject: Europäische Union

description: Bei Desinformationen handelt es sich um falsche Informationen, die mit der Absicht verbreitet werden, einen Schaden anzurichten oder für Verunsicherung zu sorgen. Für die Demokratie in Europa sind Desinformationen eine große Herausforderung. Nicht zuletzt auch deshalb, weil mittels künstlicher Intelligenz immer schneller, immer neue und zielgerichtete Informationen erzeugt und verbreitet werden können. In dieser Studie des Projekts "Upgrade Democracy" wurde untersucht, wie die Menschen in der Europäischen Union auf das Thema Desinformation blicken und wie sie darauf reagieren. Die Studie zeigt, dass eine Mehrheit der Menschen verunsichert ist, wenn es um die Bewertung des Wahrheitsgehalts von Informationen im Internet geht. Vielen sind auch schon selbst Desinformationen begegnet. Über 80 Prozent der Befragten in dieser Untersuchung erwarten sowohl von der Politik als auch von den Betreibern von Social Media Plattformen mehr Einsatz gegen die Verbreitung von Desinformationen.
Die Daten für diese Studie von „Upgrade Democracy“ wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Projekt „Eupinions“ der Bertelsmann Stiftung erhoben: Vier mal im Jahr führt dazu das Umfrageunternehmen Latana im Auftrag der Bertelsmann Stiftung eine Onlinebefragung in allen 27 EU-Mitgliedsländern durch. Für die vorliegende Studie wurde auf im März 2023 erhobene Befragungsdaten zurückgegriffen. Insgesamt wurden 13.270 EU-Bürger:innen zwischen 16 und 70 Jahren befragt. Die Daten sind nach Geschlecht, Alter und Region gewichtet. Die Ergebnisse sind für die gesamte Europäische Union repräsentativ. Aufgrund des Zuschnitts der Stichprobe lassen sich jedoch nur für sieben Länder zusätzlich separate Werte ausweisen: Belgien, Deutschland, Frankreich, Italien, die Niederlande, Polen und Spanien.
title: Hilcorp Cook Inlet Tugs Towing Rigs
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion Hilcorp Cook Inlet Tugs Towing a Jack-up Rig
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Alaska Regional Office
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Alaska Regional Office
Year: 2022

description: AKRO-2021-03484
D1.2 Robotic System Specification – design of the Sharework framework
Creators: name: Landini, Alberto
name: Dionisis Andronas
name: Winkler, Lena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This document describes the SHAREWORK system specifications for each use-case, starting from the requirements already identified in D1.1 “Use cases definition, system requirements and KPIs”. Each use case scenario description is improved with greater details on humanrobot collaborative tasks and layouts are presented through 2D and 3D visualization Furthermore, general module specifications and inter-modules dependencies are reported, also detailing the role of all modules in each use-case. In such a way, a comprehensive and deeper understanding of all SHAREWORK system components emerges from this deliverable, highlighting its main features and differences in implementation in the four use cases.
Akt-dependent regulation of NF- B is controlled by mTOR and Raptor in association with IKK
Creators: name: Cooper, M. J.
name: Cogswell, P. C.
name: Baldwin, A. S.
name: Dan, H. C.
name: Duncan, J. A.
name: Ting, J. P.-Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: While NF-κB is considered to play key roles in the development and progression of many cancers, the mechanisms whereby this transcription factor is activated in cancer are poorly understood. A key oncoprotein in a variety of cancers is the serine–threonine kinase Akt, which can be activated by mutations in PI3K, by loss of expression/activity of PTEN, or through signaling induced by growth factors and their receptors. A key effector of Akt-induced signaling is the regulatory protein mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). We show here that mTOR downstream from Akt controls NF-κB activity in PTEN-null/inactive prostate cancer cells via interaction with and stimulation of IKK. The mTOR-associated protein Raptor is required for the ability of Akt to induce NF-κB activity. Correspondingly, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin is shown to suppress IKK activity in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cells through a mechanism that may involve dissociation of Raptor from mTOR. The results provide insight into the effects of Akt/mTOR-dependent signaling on gene expression and into the therapeutic action of rapamycin.
C. elegans SIR-2.1 translocation is linked to a proapoptotic pathway parallel to cep-1/p53 during DNA damage-induced apoptosis
Creators: name: Ahmed, S.
name: Gartner, A.
name: Greiss, S.
name: Hall, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Caenorhabditis elegans SIR-2.1, a member of the sirtuin family related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sir2p, has previously been implicated in aging. The mammalian homolog SIRT1 plays important roles in multiple cellular processes including transcriptional repression and stress response. We show that sir-2.1 is essential for the execution of apoptosis in response to DNA damage, and that sir-2.1 genetically acts in parallel to the worm p53-like gene cep-1. This novel cep-1-independent proapoptotic pathway does not require the daf-16 FOXO transcription factor. Cytological analysis of SIR-2.1 suggests a novel mechanism of apoptosis induction. During apoptosis SIR-2.1 changes its subcellular localization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and transiently colocalizes with the C. elegans Apaf-1 homolog CED-4 at the nuclear periphery. SIR-2.1 translocation is an early event in germ cell apoptosis and is independent of apoptosis execution and cep-1, raising the possibility that SIR-2.1 translocation is linked to the induction of DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
title: REINI OF WCR 2014-1164 Mount St. Helens Project Phased Construction Alternative
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response for the Re-initiation of the Mount St. Helens Project Phased Construction Alternative
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2022

description: WCRO-2021-02739
Degradation of histone mRNA requires oligouridylation followed by decapping and simultaneous degradation of the mRNA both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'
Creators: name: Marzluff, W. F.
name: Mullen, T. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Histone mRNAs are rapidly degraded at the end of S phase or when DNA replication is inhibited. Histone mRNAs end in a conserved stem–loop rather than a poly(A) tail. Degradation of histone mRNAs requires the stem–loop sequence, which binds the stem–loop-binding protein (SLBP), active translation of the histone mRNA, and the location of the stem–loop close to the termination codon. We report that the initial step in histone mRNA degradation is the addition of uridines to the 3′ end of the histone mRNA, both after inhibition of DNA replication and at the end of S phase. Lsm1 is required for histone mRNA degradation and is present in a complex containing SLBP on the 3′ end of histone mRNA after inhibition of DNA replication. We cloned degradation intermediates that had been partially degraded from both the 5′ and the 3′ ends. RNAi experiments demonstrate that both the exosome and 5′-to-3′ decay pathway components are required for degradation, and individual histone mRNAs are then degraded simultaneously 5′ to 3′ and 3′ to 5′.
WD40 protein FBW5 promotes ubiquitination of tumor suppressor TSC2 by DDB1-CUL4-ROC1 ligase
Creators: name: Shumway, S.
name: He, Y. J.
name: Zacharek, S.
name: Duronio, R. J.
name: Xiong, Y.
name: Hu, J.
name: Lee, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by hamartoma formation in various organs and is caused by mutations targeting either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. TSC1 and TSC2 proteins form a functionally interdependent dimeric complex. Phosphorylation of either TSC subunit by different kinases regulates the function of TSC and represents a major mechanism to integrate various signals into a centralized cell growth pathway. The majority of disease-associated mutations targeting either TSC1 or TSC2 results in a substantial decrease in protein level, suggesting that protein turnover also plays a critical role in TSC regulation. Here we report that TSC2 protein binds to FBW5, a DDB1-binding WD40 (DWD) protein, and is recruited by FBW5 to the DDB1–CUL4–ROC1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Overexpression of FBW5 or CUL4A promotes TSC2 protein degradation, and this is abrogated by the coexpression of TSC1. Conversely, depletion of FBW5, DDB1, or CUL4A/B stabilizes TSC2. Ddb1 or Cul4 mutations in Drosophila result in Gigas/TSC2 protein accumulation and cause growth defects that can be partially rescued by Gigas/Tsc2 reduction. These results indicate that FBW5–DDB1–CUL4–ROC1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase regulating TSC2 protein stability and TSC complex turnover.
A new form of the C-metric with cosmological constant
Creators: name: Chen, Yu
name: Lim, Yen-Kheng
name: Teo, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new form of the C-metric proposed by Hong and Teo, in which the two structure functions are factorised, has proved useful in its analysis. In this paper, we extend this form to the case when a cosmological constant is present. The new form of this solution has two structure functions which are partially factorised; moreover, the roots of the structure functions are now regarded as fundamental parameters. This leads to a natural representation of the solution in terms of its so-called domain structure, in which the allowed coordinate range can be visualised as a "box" in a two-dimensional plot. The solution is then completely parameterised by the locations of the edges of this box, at least in the uncharged case. We also briefly analyse other possible domain structures---in the shape of a triangle and trapezoid---that might describe physically interesting space-times within the AdS C-metric.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX; v2: minor changes, published version
Markerless human pose estimation for biomedical applications: a survey
Creators: name: Avogaro, Andrea
name: Cunico, Federico
name: Rosenhahn, Bodo
name: Setti, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Markerless Human Pose Estimation (HPE) proved its potential to support decision making and assessment in many fields of application. HPE is often preferred to traditional marker-based Motion Capture systems due to the ease of setup, portability, and affordable cost of the technology. However, the exploitation of HPE in biomedical applications is still under investigation. This review aims to provide an overview of current biomedical applications of HPE. In this paper, we examine the main features of HPE approaches and discuss whether or not those features are of interest to biomedical applications. We also identify those areas where HPE is already in use and present peculiarities and trends followed by researchers and practitioners. We include here 25 approaches to HPE and more than 40 studies of HPE applied to motor development assessment, neuromuscolar rehabilitation, and gait & posture analysis. We conclude that markerless HPE offers great potential for extending diagnosis and rehabilitation outside hospitals and clinics, toward the paradigm of remote medical care.
title: France and NATO: A Case of Misunderstanding
Creators: name: Burel, Servane
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: In 1966, General Charles de Gaulle partially withdrew France from the integrated military structure of the North Atlantic Treaty organization (NATO). This action represented a climax in the ongoing evolution in French foreign policy. Both sides of the Atlantic failed to understand de Gaulle's actions because of the ambivalent relation between the concept of grandeur in world politics and France's loyalty to the Alliance. Consequently, the partial withdrawal was perceived as a drastic shift in policies exemplifying French "anti-Americanism" and lack of commitment to the Alliance and NATO.

In contrast, this thesis presents this decision as simply a political statement, a final and logical step in France's well-publicized foreign policy philosophy. It traces the evolution of France's relationship with NATO from 1949 to 1966, focusing on the reasons for France's adherence to the Washington Treaty of 1949, the importance of de Gaulle's philosophy regarding France's status in world politics, and various disagreements with her allies.
Elucidation of the transcription network governing mammalian sex determination by exploiting strain-specific susceptibility to sex reversal
Creators: name: Syed, H. A.
name: Magwene, P. M.
name: Capel, B.
name: Munger, S. C.
name: Aylor, D. L.
name: Threadgill, D. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Despite the identification of some key genes that regulate sex determination, most cases of disorders of sexual development remain unexplained. Evidence suggests that the sexual fate decision in the developing gonad depends on a complex network of interacting factors that converge on a critical threshold. To elucidate the transcriptional network underlying sex determination, we took the first expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) approach in a developing organ. We identified reproducible differences in the transcriptome of the embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) XY gonad between C57BL/6J (B6) and 129S1/SvImJ (129S1), indicating that the reported sensitivity of B6 to sex reversal is consistent with a higher expression of a female-like transcriptome in B6. Gene expression is highly variable in F2 XY gonads from B6 and 129S1 intercrosses, yet strong correlations emerged. We estimated the F2 coexpression network and predicted roles for genes of unknown function based on their connectivity and position within the network. A genetic analysis of the F2 population detected autosomal regions that control the expression of many sex-related genes, including Sry (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) and Sox9 (Sry-box containing gene 9), the key regulators of male sex determination. Our results reveal the complex transcription architecture underlying sex determination, and provide a mechanism by which individuals may be sensitized for sex reversal.
Endoreplication: polyploidy with purpose
Creators: name: Davidson, J. M.
name: Lee, H. O.
name: Duronio, R. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: A great many cell types are necessary for the myriad capabilities of complex, multicellular organisms. One interesting aspect of this diversity of cell type is that many cells in diploid organisms are polyploid. This is called endopolyploidy and arises from cell cycles that are often characterized as “variant,” but in fact are widespread throughout nature. Endopolyploidy is essential for normal development and physiology in many different organisms. Here we review how both plants and animals use variations of the cell cycle, termed collectively as endoreplication, resulting in polyploid cells that support specific aspects of development. In addition, we discuss briefly how endoreplication occurs in response to certain physiological stresses, and how it may contribute to the development of cancer. Finally, we describe the molecular mechanisms that support the onset and progression of endoreplication.
Emerging paradigms of regulated microRNA processing
Creators: name: Newman, M. A.
name: Hammond, S. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate a broad range of gene expression patterns during development and tissue homeostasis, and in the pathogenesis of disease. The exquisite spatio–temporal control of miRNA abundance is made possible, in part, by regulation of the miRNA biogenesis pathway. In this review, we discuss two emerging paradigms for post-transcriptional control of miRNA expression. One paradigm centers on the Microprocessor, the protein complex essential for maturation of canonical miRNAs. The second paradigm is specific to miRNA families, and requires interaction between RNA-binding proteins and cis-regulatory sequences within miRNA precursor loops.
Eclipsing binaries and fast rotators in the Kepler sample. Characterization via radial velocity analysis from Calar Alto
Creators: name: Lillo-Box, J.
name: Barrado, D.
name: Mancini, L.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Figueira, P.
name: Ciceri, S.
name: Santos, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kepler mission has provided high-accurate photometric data in a long time span for more than two hundred thousands stars, looking for planetary transits. Among the detected candidates, the planetary nature of around 15% has been established or validated by different techniques. But additional data is needed to characterize the rest of the candidates and reject other possible configurations. We started a follow-up program to validate, confirm, and characterize some of the planet candidates. In this paper we present the radial velocity analysis (RV) of those presenting large variations, compatible with being eclipsing binaries. We also study those showing large rotational velocities, which prevents us from obtaining the necessary precision to detect planetary-like objects. We present new RV results for 13 Kepler objects of interest (KOIs) obtained with the CAFE spectrograph at the Calar Alto Observatory, and analyze their high-spatial resolution images and the Kepler light curves of some interesting cases. We have found five spectroscopic and eclipsing binaries. Among them, the case of KOI-3853 is of particular interest. This system is a new example of the so-called heartbeat stars, showing dynamic tidal distortions in the Kepler light curve. We have also detected duration and depth variations of the eclipse. We suggest possible scenarios to explain such effect, including the presence of a third substellar body possibly detected in our RV analysis. We also provide upper mass limits to the transiting companions of other six KOIs with large rotational velocities. This property prevents the RV method to obtain the necessary precision to detect planetary-like masses. Finally, we analyze the large RV variations of other two KOIs, incompatible with the presence of planetary-mass objects. These objects are likely to be stellar binaries but a longer timespan is still needed.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 18 pages, 9 figures, 17 tables. This version fixes an error affecting the values of tables A.1-A.13. The text remains unaltered
Mechanism of Holliday junction resolution by the human GEN1 protein
Creators: name: West, S. C.
name: Griffith, J. D.
name: Blanco, M. G.
name: Compton, S. A.
name: Singleton, M. R.
name: Matos, J.
name: Rass, U.
name: Ip, S. C. Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Holliday junction (HJ) resolution is essential for chromosome segregation at meiosis and the repair of stalled/collapsed replication forks in mitotic cells. All organisms possess nucleases that promote HJ resolution by the introduction of symmetrically related nicks in two strands at, or close to, the junction point. GEN1, a member of the Rad2/XPG nuclease family, was isolated recently from human cells and shown to promote HJ resolution in vitro and in vivo. Here, we provide the first biochemical/structural characterization of GEN1, showing that, like the Escherichia coli HJ resolvase RuvC, it binds specifically to HJs and resolves them by a dual incision mechanism in which nicks are introduced in the pair of continuous (noncrossing) strands within the lifetime of the GEN1–HJ complex. In contrast to RuvC, but like other Rad2/XPG family members such as FEN1, GEN1 is a monomeric 5′-flap endonuclease. However, the unique feature of GEN1 that distinguishes it from other Rad2/XPG nucleases is its ability to dimerize on HJs. This functional adaptation provides the two symmetrically aligned active sites required for HJ resolution.
Clofibric acid removal by ion exchange using a magnetic ion exchange resin: equilibrium, kinetics, reusability and characterisation
Creators: name: Altunterim, Rabia
name: Vergili, Ilda
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: In this study, a commercial magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin was used for the removal of clofibric acid (CA), one of the most persistent pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the environment, from aqueous solutions. As a result of batch experiments, optimum conditions were determined as pH = 4–7, equilibrium time = 240 min., and resin dosage = 26 mL/L for the removal of CA with MIEX resin. Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model showed the best fit for the sorption data with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that the ion exchange process betweenMIEX resin and CA was a thermodynamically feasible and spontaneous process. Regeneration studies showed that the repeated use of MIEX resin is possible. The effect of all coexistent anions (chloride, carbonate and sulphate) was found to be close to each other for molar ratios of CA:coexisting anion = 1–3. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images were used to examine the interactions of resins with CA and to see the changes that could occur in the resins after regeneration. The most obvious changes in MIEX resin due to CA sorption are found in the 1712 cm−1, 1480 cm−1, 1238 cm−1and 963 cm−1 bands. This study revealed that the mechanism of removal of the CA by MIEX resin is ion exchange and is reversible.
Gravitational Correction to Vacuum Polarization
Creators: name: Jentschura, U. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the gravitational correction to (electronic) vacuum polarization in the presence of a gravitational background field. The Dirac propagators for the virtual fermions are modified to include the leading gravitational correction (potential term) which corresponds to a coordinate-dependent fermion mass. The mass term is assumed to be uniform over a length scale commensurate with the virtual electron-positron pair. The on-mass shell renormalization condition ensures that the gravitational correction vanishes on the mass shell of the photon, i.e., the speed of light is unaffected by the quantum field theoretical loop correction, in full agreement with the equivalence principle. Nontrivial corrections are obtained for off-shell, virtual photons. We compare our findings to other works on generalized Lorentz transformations and combined quantum-electrodynamic gravitational corrections to the speed of light which have recently appeared in the literature.
description: 9 pages; RevTeX; typographical errors corrected and references added
Hydrological and geochemical evaluation of fluoride-safe groundwater from Rampurhat-II block in fluoride-laden Birbhum district, West Bengal, India: a multivariate statistical approach
Creators: name: Das, Ayan
name: Banerjee, Aparna
name: Roy, Aniruddha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: It has been reported earlier that Birbhum district is often contaminated with groundwater fluoride and many studies have been conducted to decipher that. Our present study area (Rampurhat-II block) is fluoride-safe (<1.5 mg/L) and located in fluoride-laden Birbhum district. The present investigation mainly focused on the reason behind the occurrence of a low concentration of fluoride (0.24–0.37 mg/L) in groundwater fluoride contaminated Birbhum district. It is very interesting to know that groundwater from the study area contains fluoride in groundwater below the permissible limit (1.5 mg/L) though the aquifer sediments contain fluoride bearing minerals (mainly fluorite). To understand the anomaly, multivariate statistical analysis (Pearson correlation matrix, factor analysis and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering) has been performed for the physiochemical data of the collected groundwater samples. Moreover, the mineral phase’s equilibrium studies have been done to recognise the actual scenario of water-rock interaction in the aquifers of the present study area. The dissolution of carbonate minerals (mainly calcite) in saturated to super-saturated conditions hinders the dissolution of the fluoride bearing minerals resulting in fluoride-safe groundwater. Again, ion-exchange (between Ca2+/Mg2+ and Na+/K+) is one of the principal mechanistic pathways in the aquifers which maintain the lower content of fluoride in the groundwater.
Graph Contrastive Learning with Generative Adversarial Network
Creators: name: Wu, Cheng
name: Wang, Chaokun
name: Xu, Jingcao
name: Liu, Ziyang
name: Zheng, Kai
name: Wang, Xiaowei
name: Song, Yang
name: Gai, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated promising results on exploiting node representations for many downstream tasks through supervised end-to-end training. To deal with the widespread label scarcity issue in real-world applications, Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) is leveraged to train GNNs with limited or even no labels by maximizing the mutual information between nodes in its augmented views generated from the original graph. However, the distribution of graphs remains unconsidered in view generation, resulting in the ignorance of unseen edges in most existing literature, which is empirically shown to be able to improve GCL's performance in our experiments. To this end, we propose to incorporate graph generative adversarial networks (GANs) to learn the distribution of views for GCL, in order to i) automatically capture the characteristic of graphs for augmentations, and ii) jointly train the graph GAN model and the GCL model. Specifically, we present GACN, a novel Generative Adversarial Contrastive learning Network for graph representation learning. GACN develops a view generator and a view discriminator to generate augmented views automatically in an adversarial style. Then, GACN leverages these views to train a GNN encoder with two carefully designed self-supervised learning losses, including the graph contrastive loss and the Bayesian personalized ranking Loss. Furthermore, we design an optimization framework to train all GACN modules jointly. Extensive experiments on seven real-world datasets show that GACN is able to generate high-quality augmented views for GCL and is superior to twelve state-of-the-art baseline methods. Noticeably, our proposed GACN surprisingly discovers that the generated views in data augmentation finally conform to the well-known preferential attachment rule in online networks.
description: KDD 2023
title: Anthropogenic Impact on Tropical Perennial River in South India: Snapshot of Carbon Dynamics and Bacterial Community Composition
Creators: name: Premke, Katrin
name: Dharanivasan, Gunasekaran
name: Steger, Kristin
name: Nitzsche, Kai Nils
name: Jayavignesh, Vijayan
name: Nambi, Indumathi M.
name: Seshadri, Sundaram
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: Riverine systems play an important role in the global carbon cycle, and they are considered hotspots for bacterial activities such as organic matter decomposition. However, our knowledge about these processes in tropical or subtropical regions is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate anthropogenically induced changes of water quality, the distribution of selected pharmaceuticals, and the effects of pollution on greenhouse gas concentrations and bacterial community composition along the 800 km long Cauvery river, the main river serving as a potable and irrigation water supply in Southern India. We found that in situ measured pCO₂ and pCH₄ concentrations were supersaturated relative to the atmosphere and ranged from 7.9 to 168.7 µmol L⁻¹ , and from 0.01 to 2.76 µmol L⁻¹ , respectively. Pharmaceuticals like triclosan, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, naproxen, propylparaben, and diclofenac exceeded warning limits along the Cauvery. Proteobacteria was the major phylum in all samples, ranging between 26.1% and 82.2% relative abundance, and it coincided with the accumulation of nutrients in the flowing water. Results emphasized the impact of industrialization and increased population density on changes in water quality, riverine carbon fluxes, and bacterial community structure.
$SU(2) \otimes SU(2)$ bi-spinor structure entanglement induced by a step potential barrier scattering in two-dimensions
Creators: name: Bittencourt, Victor A. S. V.
name: Mizrahi, Salomon S.
name: Bernardini, Alex E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement between $SU(2) \otimes SU(2)$ internal degrees of freedom of parity and helicity for reflected and transmitted waves of Dirac-like particles scattered by a potential step along an arbitrary direction on the $x-y$ plane is quantified. Diffusion ($E \geq V$) and Klein zone ($V \geq E$) energy regimes are considered. It has been shown that, for $SU(2) \otimes SU(2)$ polarized structures of helicity eigenstates impinging the barrier, the local interaction with a {\em step} potential destroys the {\em parity-spin} separability. The framework presented here can be straightforwardly translated into a useful theoretical tool for obtaining the {\em spin-spin} entanglement in the context of enlarged scenarios of nonrelativistic $2D$ systems, as for instance those for describing single layer graphene, or even single trapped ions with Dirac bi-spinor mathematical structure.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Characterizing the Brown Dwarf Formation Channels from the Initial Mass Function and Binary-star Dynamics
Creators: name: Thies, Ingo
name: Pflamm-Altenburg, Jan
name: Kroupa, Pavel
name: Marks, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is a key property of stellar populations. There is growing evidence that the classical star-formation mechanism by the direct cloud fragmentation process has difficulties reproducing the observed abundance and binary properties of brown dwarfs and very-low-mass stars. In particular, recent analytical derivations of the stellar IMF exhibit a deficit of brown dwarfs compared to observational data. Here we derive the residual mass function of brown dwarfs as an empirical measure of the brown dwarf deficiency in recent star-formation models with respect to observations and show that it is compatible with the substellar part of the Thies-Kroupa IMF and the mass function obtained by numerical simulations. We conclude that the existing models may be further improved by including a substellar correction term that accounts for additional formation channels like disk or filament fragmentation. The term "peripheral fragmentation" is introduced here for such additional formation channels. In addition, we present an updated analytical model of stellar and substellar binarity. The resulting binary fraction and the dynamically evolved companion mass-ratio distribution are in good agreement with observational data on stellar and very-low-mass binaries in the Galactic field, in clusters, and in dynamically unprocessed groups of stars if all stars form as binaries with stellar companions. Cautionary notes are given on the proper analysis of mass functions and the companion mass-ratio distribution and the interpretation of the results. The existence of accretion disks around young brown dwarfs does not imply that these form just like stars in direct fragmentation.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, published in ApJ
Heterogeneous catalytic degradation of nonylphenol using persulphate activated by natural pyrite: response surface methodology modelling and optimisation
Creators: name: Asgari, Esrafil
name: Mohammadi, Farzad
name: Nourmoradi, Heshmatollah
name: Sheikhmohammadi, Amir
name: Rostamifasih, Zeinab
name: Hashemzadeh, Bayram
name: Arfaeinia, Hossein
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The degradation of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) was investigated by persulphate (PS) activated using naturally pyrite semi-conductor mineral (NP-SCM) in aqueous solutions. The effects of various factors including solution pH, NP-SCM dosage, NPEOs and PS concentration were examined through response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) technique. The properties of NP-SCM were characterised by FESEM, BET, XRD and EDX analyses. The results showed that the RSM model had a well correlation (R2 > 0.99) between the predicted data and the experimental findings of NPEOs degradation. In addition, under the optimum conditions (PS = 5.85 mM, pH = 3.0, NP-SCM = 0.85 g/L and NPEOs = 10 µM), the removal efficiency of NPEOs reached more than 99%. The maximum removal efficiency of COD and TOC was obtained 87% and 80% at 90 min reaction time, respectively. The negative effect of various competing ions on the removal of NPEOs was as phosphate>bicarbonate>copper>nitrate>calcium>ammonium. After five successive catalyst cycles reuse, the degradation efficiency was insignificantly decreased from 99.6% to 90.5%, which indicated the excellent potential reusability of NP-SCM catalyst. It can be concluded that NP-SCM along with PS, due to the generation of highly reactive oxidising species (SO4●-), its simplicity and easy separation of the catalyst, has a great potential for the degradation of NPEOs from aqueous solutions.