cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Guardando al futuro del Sistema Monetario Internazionale (Looking to the Future International Monetary System)
Creators: name: D'Adda, Carlo
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Sistema Monetario Internazionale, Mundell, Cooper, moneta mondiale.
subject: F30, F33

description: Questo articolo passa brevemente in rassegna diversi argomenti che riguardano il funzionamento del Sistema Monetario Internazionale dopo il 1971, quali cambi flessibili e cambi fissi, aree monetarie ottime, crescenti movimenti di capitali, volatilità dei cambi, crisi valutarie, disavanzo esterno degli Stati Uniti. Pur in assenza di un disegno a priori, la successione di questi problemi ha preparato la strada alla recente proposta di Mundell e Cooper per una moneta mondiale. Questa proposta non costituisce una semplice via d’uscita dalle odierne preoccupazioni. Nondimeno essa lascia intravedere la possibilità di un futuro migliore. This article briefly reviews various issues concerning the functioning of the International Monetary System after 1971, such as flexible exchange rates and fixed exchange rates, optimal currency areas, increasing capital movements, exchange rate volatility, currency crises, external deficit of the United States. Even in the absence of an a priori design, the sequence of these problems has paved the way to the recent proposal of Mundell and Cooper for a world currency. This proposal is not a simple way out of today's concerns. Nevertheless, it suggests the possibility of a better future. JEL Codes: F30, F33 Keywords: Sistema Monetario Internazionale, Mundell, Cooper, moneta mondiale.
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 58, N. 232 (2005)
Supplementary document for Enhancement of dual Zero Phonon Line Emissions in Nanodiamonds using Quasi-Periodic Photonic Structures - 6782689.pdf
Creators: name: Behera, Sinay
name: Redhu, Ashish
name: Aleem, Mohd
name: Nair, Rajesh
name: Narayan, K
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Optimization of atomic density-fitting basis functions for molecular two-electron integral approximations
Creators: name: Laikov, Dimitri N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general procedure for the optimization of atomic density-fitting basis functions is designed with the balance between accuracy and numerical stability in mind. Given one-electron wavefunctions and energies, weights are assigned to the product densities, modeling their contribution to the exchange and second-order correlation energy, and a simple weighted error measure is minimized. Generally-contracted Gaussian auxiliary basis sets are optimized to match the wavefunction basis sets [D. N. Laikov, Theor. Chem. Acc. 138, 40 (2019)] for all 102 elements in a scalar-relativistic approximation [D. N. Laikov, J. Chem. Phys. 150, 061102 (2019)].
Dynamical Systems Method for ill-posed equations with monotone operators
Creators: name: Ramm, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34R30, 35R25, 35R30, 37C35, 37L05, 37N30, 47A52, 47J06, 65M30, 65N21

description: Consider an operator equation (*) $B(u)-f=0$ in a real Hilbert space. Let us call this equation ill-posed if the operator $B'(u)$ is not boundedly invertible, and well-posed otherwise. The DSM (dynamical systems method) for solving equation (*) consists of a construction of a Cauchy problem, which has the following properties: 1) it has a global solution for an arbitrary initial data, 2) this solution tends to a limit as time tends to infinity, 3) the limit is the minimal-norm solution to the equation $B(u)=f$. A global convergence theorem is proved for DSM for equation (*) with monotone $C_{loc}^2$ operators $B$.
BIOMETRIC INDICATORS OF DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPES
Creators: name: Abdimajidov Jaloliddin Rakhmatillo oglu Dilmurodov Sherzod Dilmurodovich Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher. Southern research institute of Agriculture
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: In this article, among the many studies in the central experimental field of the Southern Agricultural Research Institute, the genotypes of durum wheat were studied for biometric indicators and resistance to lodging and the results were analyzed. In this, it is said that the plant height, the length of the last joint, the length of the ear, the number of spikes in the ear and resistance to dormancy were studied.

Keywords: Competitive variety trial nursery, variety and lines, standard variety, genotype, plant height, terminal joint length, spike length, spikelets, lodging resistance.
Resource Efficient Zero Noise Extrapolation with Identity Insertions
Creators: name: He, Andre
name: Nachman, Benjamin
name: de Jong, Wibe A.
name: Bauer, Christian W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to readout errors, two-qubit gate noise is the main challenge for complex quantum algorithms on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. These errors are a significant challenge for making accurate calculations for quantum chemistry, nuclear physics, high energy physics, and other emerging scientific and industrial applications. There are two proposals for mitigating two-qubit gate errors: error-correcting codes and zero-noise extrapolation. This paper focuses on the latter, studying it in detail and proposing modifications to existing approaches. In particular, we propose a random identity insertion method (RIIM) that can achieve competitive asymptotic accuracy with far fewer gates than the traditional fixed identity insertion method (FIIM). For example, correcting the leading order depolarizing gate noise requires $n_\text{CNOT}+2$ gates for RIIM instead of $3n_\text{CNOT}$ gates for FIIM. This significant resource saving may enable more accurate results for state-of-the-art calculations on near term quantum hardware.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
A GPU Spatial Processing System for CHIME
Creators: name: Denman, Nolan
name: Renard, Andre
name: Vanderlinde, Keith
name: Berger, Philippe
name: Masui, Kiyoshi
name: Tretyakov, Ian
name: Collaboration, the CHIME
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) based spatial processing system created for the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). The design employs AMD S9300x2 GPUs and readily-available commercial hardware in its processing nodes to provide a cost- and power-efficient processing substrate. These nodes are supported by a liquid-cooling system which allows continuous operation with modest power consumption and in all but the most adverse conditions. Capable of continuously correlating 2048 receiver-polarizations across 400\,MHz of bandwidth, the CHIME X-engine constitutes the most powerful radio correlator currently in existence. It receives $6.6$\,Tb/s of channelized data from CHIME's FPGA-based F-engine, and the primary correlation task requires $8.39\times10^{14}$ complex multiply-and-accumulate operations per second. The same system also provides formed-beam data products to commensal FRB and Pulsar experiments; it constitutes a general spatial-processing system of unprecedented scale and capability, with correspondingly great challenges in computation, data transport, heat dissipation, and interference shielding.
I fondamenti di principio di un’economia islamica (The Principle Foundations of an Islamic Economy)
Creators: name: Askari, Hossein
name: Taghavi, Roshanak
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Economia islamica, Islam, musulmani
subject: B19, N45, P49

description: Il Corano costituisce la fonte primaria per gli insegnamenti e le credenze dell’Islam. Mentre la comunità può modificare le politiche sociali ed economiche ispirate ai valori islamici al fine di soddisfare le mutevoli esigenze socio-economiche della società, i princìpi di base dell’economia islamica e il sistema sociale, tuttavia, devono essere preservati. Ci si attende che rappresentanti liberamente eletti collaborino con la società per formulare politiche a sostegno della stabilità economica e sociale, della prosperità economica, dell’istruzione pubblica, delle cure sanitarie, dell’equità economica, di una giusta distribuzione del reddito e di una rete di sicurezza sociale. Tutti i musulmani fisicamente e mentalmente abili sono tenuti a lavorare per il proprio sostentamento, e coloro che dispongono di un sufficiente livello di ricchezza hanno l’obbligo di pagare tasse che contribuiscano al finanziamento statale di programmi di welfare o di altra utilità sociale. La nostra illustrazione del sistema economico islamico è sostenuta da numerosi studiosi moderni di Islam e di economia islamica, non concorda tuttavia del tutto con quelle offerte da esponenti e apparati religiosi legati a un’autorità statale. The Quran is the primary source for the teachings and beliefs of Islam. While the community may change the social and economic policies inspired by Islamic values in order to meet the changing socio-economic needs of society, the basic principles of Islamic economics and the social system, however, must be preserved. It is expected that freely elected representatives to work together with the society to develop policies in support of economic and social stability, economic prosperity, public education, health care, economic fairness, of a fair distribution of income and a network social security. All Muslims physically and mentally skilled are required to work for their living, and those who have a sufficient level of wealth have an obligation to pay taxes that contribute to the financing of state welfare programs and other social benefits. Our illustration of the Islamic economic system is supported by many modern scholars of Islam and Islamic economics, however, does not agree completely with those offered by religious leaders and equipment related to a state authority. JEL Codes: B19, N45, P49 Keywords: Economia islamica, Islam, musulmani
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 58, N. 232 (2005)
La gestione del capitale nelle banche e l’utilizzo degli strumenti innovativi di patrimonializzazione: un’analisi comparata internazionale
Creators: name: Ferrari, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Bank
subject: G15;G21;G28

description: During the course of the last few years, major international banks have increasingly resorted to using non-traditional capital instruments to expand their own regulatory capital and thus increase the volume of total assets and/or level of risk. This paper begins by comparing the features of the different forms of non-traditional capital instruments usable by banks. It then presents the results of an empirical analysis which illustrates how major banks of leading industrialised countries effectively use these different instruments and the capital management choices they make. JEL Codes: G15, G21, G28 Keywords: Bank
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 225 (2004)
Luigi Einaudi, 1874-1961
Creators: name: Cafagna, Luciano
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Einaudi, Luigi
subject: B31

description: Luigi Einaudi was born in 1874 and died in 1961. His intense activity as a master of the science of finance, opinion leader and polemicist on practical and political aspects of economy spanned various phases in the history of contemporary Italy, from crisis at the close of the 19th century to the age of Giolitti, the fascist period and the new democracy emerging with the end of fascism. Democratic Italy of the post-war years saw him in the roles of Governor of the Bank of Italy and Minister of economy. A living symbol of Italy's economic and monetary reconstruction, he was elected President of the Italian Republic for the term of 1948-55. The author reviews Einaudi's relations with the political world over the various phases of the economist's life. Actually, Einaudi never became a politician in the strict sense of the word, but remained a citizen ever present in public life as a polemical columnist and, when called upon, in the service of the State. Whether engaging in controversy or practical activity, he remained consistent in his defence of economic liberalism and monetary rigour. JEL Codes: B31 Keywords: Einaudi, Luigi
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 225 (2004)
Forward Modeling Populations of Flares from Tidal Disruptions of Stars by Super-massive Black Holes
Creators: name: Roth, Nathaniel
name: van Velzen, Sjoert
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Mushotzky, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detections of the tidal disruption flares (TDFs) of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are rapidly accumulating as optical surveys improve. These detections may provide constraints on SMBH demographics, stellar dynamics, and stellar evolution in galaxies. To maximize this scientific impact, we require a better understanding of how astrophysical parameters interact with survey selection effects in setting the properties of detected flares. We develop a framework for modeling the distributions of optical TDF detections in surveys across attributes of the host galaxies and the flares themselves. This model folds in effects of the stellar disruption rate in each galaxy, the flare luminosity and temperature distributions, the effects of obscuration and reddening by dust in the host galaxy, and survey selection criteria. We directly apply this model to the sample of TDFs detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility and find that the overall flare detection rate is in line with simple theoretical expectation. The model can also reproduce the distribution of total stellar mass and redshift of the host galaxies, but fails to match all details of the detected flares, such as their luminosity and temperature distributions. We also find that dust obscuration likely plays an important role in suppressing the TDF detection rate in star-forming galaxies. While we do not find that the unusual preference of TDFs to have hosts in post-starburst galaxies in the "green valley" can be entirely explained by selection effects, our model can help to quantify the true rate enhancement in those galaxies.
description: Corrections and additions to match the version accepted to ApJ
Unconventional transverse transport above and below the magnetic transition temperature in Weyl semimetal EuCd$_2$As$_2$
Creators: name: Xu, Y.
name: Das, L.
name: Ma, J. Z.
name: Yi, C. J.
name: Nie, S. M.
name: Shi, Y. G.
name: Tiwari, A.
name: Tsirkin, S. S.
name: Neupert, T.
name: Medarde, M.
name: Shi, M.
name: Chang, J.
name: Shang, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As exemplified by the growing interest in the quantum anomalous Hall effect, the research on topology as an organizing principle of quantum matter is greatly enriched from the interplay with magnetism. In this vein, we present a combined electrical and thermoelectrical transport study on the magnetic Weyl semimetal EuCd$_2$As$_2$. Unconventional contribution to the anomalous Hall and anomalous Nernst effects were observed both above and below the magnetic transition temperature of EuCd$_2$As$_2$, indicating the existence of significant Berry curvature. EuCd$_2$As$_2$ represents a rare case in which this unconventional transverse transport emerges both above and below the magnetic transition temperature in the same material. The transport properties evolve with temperature and field in the antiferromagnetic phase in a different manner than in the paramagnetic phase, suggesting different mechanisms to their origin. Our results indicate EuCd$_2$As$_2$ is a fertile playground for investigating the interplay between magnetism and topology, and potentially a plethora of topologically nontrivial phases rooted in this interplay.
Potential Vorticity Mixing in a Tangled Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Chen, Chang-Chun
name: Diamond, Patrick H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76W05, 76F04, 82D10

description: A theory of potential vorticity (PV) mixing in a disordered (tangled) magnetic field is presented. The analysis is in the context of $β$-plane MHD, with a special focus on the physics of momentum transport in the stably stratified, quasi-2D solar tachocline. A physical picture of mean PV evolution by vorticity advection and tilting of magnetic fields is proposed. In the case of weak-field perturbations, quasi-linear theory predicts that the Reynolds and magnetic stresses balance as turbulence Alfvénizes for a larger mean magnetic field. Jet formation is explored quantitatively in the mean field-resistivity parameter space. However, since even a modest mean magnetic field leads to large magnetic perturbations for large magnetic Reynolds number, the physically relevant case is that of a strong but disordered field. We show that numerical calculations indicate that the Reynolds stress is modified well before Alfvénization -- i.e. before fluid and magnetic energies balance. To understand these trends, a double-average model of PV mixing in a stochastic magnetic field is developed. Calculations indicate that mean-square fields strongly modify Reynolds stress phase coherence and also induce a magnetic drag on zonal flows. The physics of transport reduction by tangled fields is elucidated and linked to the related quench of turbulent resistivity. We propose a physical picture of the system as a resisto-elastic medium threaded by a tangled magnetic network. Applications of the theory to momentum transport in the tachocline and other systems are discussed in detail.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
A semi-analytic model of pairwise velocity distribution between dark matter halos
Creators: name: Shirasaki, Masato
name: Huff, Eric M.
name: Markovic, Katarina
name: Rhodes, Jason D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the probability distribution function (PDF) of relative velocity between two different dark matter halos (i.e. pairwise velocity) with a set of high-resolution cosmological $N$-body simulations. We investigate the pairwise velocity PDFs over a wide range of halo masses of $10^{12.5-15}\, h^{-1}M_{\odot}$ and redshifts of $0
description: 29 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Synthesis and Characterization of New Chalcone Derivatives of Aryl-Himachalene
Creators: name: Y. Edder
name: I. Ait Lahcen
name: A. Faris
name: N. Fdil
name: B. Boualy
name: A. Karim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Synthesis and Characterization of New Chalcone Derivatives of Aryl-Himachalene
Disoccupazione, disuguaglianza e politica dell’Europa: 1984-2000
Creators: name: Galbraith, John Kenneth
name: Gracilazo, Enrique
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Pay; Unemployment
subject: E24;J31;J64

description: This paper reconsiders the problem of unemployment in Europe at multiple geographic levels and through time from 1984to 2000. We employ a panel structure that permits us to separate regional, national and continental influences on European unemployment. Important local effects include the economic growth rate, relative wealth or poverty, and the proportion of young people in the labor force. As part of this analysis, we assess the relationship between pay inequality and unemployment in Europe, following the insight of Harris and Todaro (1970) that pay inequalities influence job search. With our own panel of inequality measures derived from Eurostat's REGIO data set, we find that higher pay inequality in Europe is associated with more, not less, unemployment, and the effect is stronger for women and young workers. There are modest country fixed effects for the UK and Spain, but large effects are found only for small countries. These are all negative, a fact that may be due partly to large past emigration in some cases, and partly to strategic wage bargaining in others. Apart from this, distinctive effects at the national level are few, perhaps indicating that national labor market institutions are not the decisive factor in the determination of European unemployment. Changes in the European macro-environment are picked up by time fixed effects, and these show a striking pan-European rise in unemployment immediately following the introduction of the Maastricht Treaty, though with some encouraging recovery late in the decade. JEL Codes: E24, J31, J64 Keywords: Pay, Unemployment
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 225 (2004)
Vitamin D & COVID-19.pdf
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hoang Anh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110706 Immunogenetics (incl. Genetic Immunology)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110799 Immunology not elsewhere classified
subject: 110802 Medical Infection Agents (incl. Prions)
subject: 110311 Medical Genetics (excl. Cancer Genetics)
subject: FOS: Basic medicine

description: Recently, a novel enveloped β-coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, has affected thousands of people across many nations since the first cases reported on December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This coronavirus caused a disease called COVID-19 and shared nearly 70% similarity in the genetic material with its renowned sister (SARS-CoV-1). To date, there is still no specific treatment or prevention for the COVID-19. Growing evidence indicates that vitamin D has essential roles in the immune response, particularly against enveloped viruses. The likelihood that vitamin D may offer a possible preventive strategy on SARS-CoV-2 infection should be taken into account.
Un indice per lo sviluppo sostenibile (An Index for Sustainable Development)
Creators: name: Casadio Tarabusi, Enrico
name: Palazzi, Paolo
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Development; Human Development; Indice
subject: I31, O47

description: As a possible improvement to the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI), we propose including in the set of individual variables some of an environmental or social nature. Thus, by rescaling all the variables non-linearly it is possible to mitigate the effect of outliers and synthesize by principal components, or alternatively by a different averaging method that takes sustainability into account and penalizes unbalances among different aspects of development. Both methods are easy to implement and calibrate. The ensuing effect on the ranking of world countries is compared to the HDI ranking. Come possibile miglioramento dell'Indice di Sviluppo Umano (ISU) elaborato dall'Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite proponiamo di includere nell'insieme di variabili individuali alcune di natura ambientale o sociale, di riscalare opportunamente tutte le variabili non linearmente in modo da mitigare l'effetto deglioutliers, e di sintetizzare mediante le componenti principali, oppure attraverso un diverso metodo di media che, tenendo conto della sostenibilità, penalizza gli squilibri tra diversi aspetti dello sviluppo. Entrambi i metodi sono facili da implementare e da calibrare. Il loro effetto sulla graduatoria dei paesi mondiali viene raffrontata con quella dell'ISU. JEL Codes: I31, O47 Keywords: Development, Human Development, Indice
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 226 (2004)
The syntax and semantics of questions and expressions of uncertain outcome in old Chinese : a case study of oracle-bone inscriptions
Creators: name: Wu, Keying
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis deals with two fundamental issues in the study of the Shang Oracle-Bone Inscriptions (c. 1300 - 1050 BC) and the study of Chinese historical syntax. The first is the linguistic form of the divinatory charges in the Shang Oracle-Bone Inscriptions. The second is the grammatical and semantic functions of the particle qi [Chinese character] involving expressions of uncertain outcome in the earlier stages of Chinese language. A general agreement in the literature is that a Shang turtle-shell or bone divination involved a verbal activity in which the diviner addressed the matter being divined to the bone or shell, and the sentences recorded in the charge component are what were spoken by the diviner. However, the linguistic form of those divinatory charges is quite debatable. Was the diviner asking a question or making a statement when he proposed a divinatory charge? Are charges interrogatives or declaratives? This study tackles these issues by integrating the insights of semantics of questions with those of speech act analysis, proposing that Shang divinatory charges are neither questions nor statements, but sets of alternative propositions that provide possible answers (which are contextually determined) to the questions being divined. In terms of their syntactic form, charges have the properties of declarative sentences. In terms of their pragmatic and semantic functions, they have question-like properties, because they offer choices between alternative propositions. The grammatical status of the particle qi is also an unresolved issue in the study of the Oracle Bone language and early Classical Chinese. This thesis makes an effort to investigate the use of qi in the oracle bone language from a historical perspective. It suggests that qi in Oracle-Bone Inscriptions, as in early Classical Chinese texts, has been used in three different functions: as a genitive marker, as a nominalizing marker, and as an epistemic modality marker to encode uncertain outcome. It proposes that the three functions of qi are historically related, arguing that the genitive marker qi developed into a modality marker through a process of "de-subordination."
L’economia statunitense: debolezze della “forte” ripresa (The US Economy: Weakness of the 'Strong' Recovery)
Creators: name: Godley, Wynne
name: Izurieta, Alex
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Budget; Surplus
subject: E62, E66, F32, H3, H62

description: The strategic prospects for the US (or any) economy can be evaluated by reference to the financial balances of its main sectors, which are related to one another by a consistent accounting system. The 1992-2000 expansion, accompanied by a rising budget surplus, was greeted by a storm of self-congratulation in the US and widely expected to last indefinitely. But inspection of the balances revealed that the configuration of driving forces was unsustainable and that the fiscal stance should drastically change at some stage. Eventually, there has indeed been a huge fiscal expansion which warded off an incipient recession. But the new configuration of financial balances again reveals an unsustainable situation, with government, foreign and private debt all rising excessively fast. Sustained growth in the medium term can only be achieved if there is now a prolonged expansion in net export demand--for which the rest of the world does not seem to be well prepared. Le prospettive strategiche dell’economia statunitense (o di altri paesi) possono venire valutate analizzando i bilanci finanziari del suoi principali settori, che sono tra loro collegati da un coerente sistema di contabilità. L’espansione del periodo 1992-2000, accompagnata da un crescente avanzo di bilancio, venne accolta da un’ondata di autocompiacimento negli Stati Uniti e si ritenne che potesse durare all’infinito. Tuttavia l’esame dei bilanci rivela che la configurazione delle forze trainanti era insostenibile e che l’orientamento della politica fiscale doveva drasticamente cambiare a un certo punto. Alla fine, vi è stata in effetti un’enorme espansione fiscale che evitò un’imminente recessione. Tuttavia la nuova configurazione dei bilanci finanziari rivela nuovamente una situazione insostenibile, con il debito pubblico, quello estero e quello privato che crescono in modo eccessivamente veloce. La crescita sostenuta nel medio termine può essere raggiunta solo se vi ora si verifica una prolungata espansione nella domanda netta di esportazioni, per la quale tuttavia il resto del mondo non sembra ben preparato. JEL Codes: E62, E66, F32, H3, H62 Keywords: Budget, Surplus
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 226 (2004)
Magnetic Field Amplification in Tycho and other Shell-type Supernova Remnants
Creators: name: Voelk, H. J.
name: Berezhko, E. G.
name: Ksenofontov, L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that amplification of the magnetic field in supernova remnants (SNRs) occurs in all six objects where morphological measurements are presently available in the hard X-ray continuum at several keV. For the three archetypical objects (SN 1006, Cas A and Tycho's SNR) to which nonlinear time-dependent acceleration theory has been successfully applied up to now, the global theoretical and the local observational field strengths agree very well, suggesting in addition that all young SNRs exhibit the amplification effect as a result of very efficient acceleration of nuclear cosmic rays (CRs) at the outer shock. Since this appears to be empirically the case, we may reverse the argument and consider field amplification as a measure of nuclear CR acceleration and it has indeed been argued that acceleration in the amplified fields allows the CR spectrum from SNRs to reach the knee in the spectrum or, in special objects, even beyond. The above results are furthermore used to investigate the time evolution of field amplification in young SNRs. Although the uncertainties in the data do not allow precise conclusions regarding this point, they rather clearly show that the ratio of the magnetic field energy density and the kinetic energy density of gas flow into the shock is of the order of a few percent if the shock speed is high enough V_s > 10^3 km/s, and this ratio remains nearly constant during the SNR evolution. The escape of the highest energy nuclear particles from their sources becomes progressively important with age, reducing also the cutoff in the π^0 -decay gamma-ray emission spectrum with time after the end of the sweep-up phase. Simultaneously the leptonic gamma-ray channels will gain in relative importance with increasing age of the sources.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Una proposta di riforma per il sistema pensionistico italiano (A Proposal of Reform for the Italian Pension System)
Creators: name: Marchionne, Francesco
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Ageing; Demographics; Expenditure; Pay as You Go; Pension; Retirement
subject: H55; G23;J14;J26;J32

description: In Italy, the ageing of the population is leading to an increase of the pension expenditures. Before Dini reform in 1995, the earning-related contributory system was financed on a pay-as-you-go basis. It was too much generous for the economic and demographic conditions of the country, therefore it was reformed. Now the benefits are calculated on a defined-contribution formula that penalizes the early retirement and assures lower benefits. However, some considerations put the sustainability of the pension system for future generations under discussion. A multipillar system with capitalisation elements (public defined-benefit component, occupational pension funds and individual pension funds) could reach this goal. In this study, a simulation generates the replacement ratios for the multipillar system in different scenarios and shows that the passage forward this scheme is possible, necessary and, under some conditions, not too expensive. In Italia, l’invecchiamento della popolazione sta portando a un incremento della spesa pensionistica. Prima della riforma Dini del 1995, il sistema retributivo, finanziato col meccanismo a ripartizione, era troppo generoso per le condizioni economico-demografiche del paese, così è stato riformato. Ora i benefici sono calcolati con un metodo contributivo che penalizza il pensionamento anticipato e assicura prestazioni inferiori. Ad ogni modo, alcune considerazioni mettono in discussione la sostenibilità finanziaria futura del sistema. Un sistema misto con elementi a capitalizzazione (componente pubblica a benefici definiti, fondi pensione occupazionali e fondi pensione individuali) potrebbe raggiungere questo obiettivo. In questo studio, una simulazione genera i tassi di sostituzione della prima pensione rispetto all’ultimo salario per un sistema misto sotto differenti scenari e mostra che il passaggio verso questo schema è possibile, necessario e, sotto certe condizioni, non troppo costoso. JEL Codes: H55, G23, J14, J26, J32 Keywords: Ageing, Demographics, Expenditure, Pay as You Go, Pension, Retirement
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 226 (2004)
Basilea II: panacea o opportunità mancata? (Basel II: Panacea or a Missed Opportunity? )
Creators: name: Hall, Maximilian J.B.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Bank; Banking; Capital
subject: G21;G28;G32

description: At end-June 2004, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision finally issued the "New Capital Accord" ("Basel II"), following endorsement by G10 bank supervisors. The Accord replaces the original accord agreed in July 1988 and implemented by most major international banks since 1993. Publication followed years of exhausting work by the Committee to improve upon the original in the light of market developments, advances in risk management and revealed deficiencies in the operation of the current scheme. This article traces the evolution of Basel II, focusing on the post-2000 period. The impact of the three rounds of consultation on the final shape of the Accord is explored, as is the role played by the Quantitative Impact Studies (particularly, "QIS3"). Finally, Basel II is assessed from a "cost-benefit" standpoint, and outstanding concerns are identified. JEL Codes: G21, G28, G32 Keywords: Bank; Banking; Capital
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 228 (2004)
Searching for Sub-GeV Dark Matter in the Galactic Centre using Hyper-Kamiokande
Creators: name: Bell, Nicole F.
name: Dolan, Matthew J.
name: Robles, Sandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Indirect detection of dark matter via its annihilation products is a key technique in the search for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Strong constraints exist on the annihilation of WIMPs to highly visible Standard Model final states such as photons or charged particles. In the case of s-wave annihilation, this typically eliminates thermal relic cross sections for dark matter of mass below $\cal{O}$(10) GeV. However, such limits typically neglect the possibility that dark matter may annihilate to assumed invisible or hard-to-detect final states, such as neutrinos. This is a difficult paradigm to probe due to the weak neutrino interaction cross section. Considering dark matter annihilation in the Galactic halo, we study the prospects for indirect detection using the Hyper-Kamiokande (HyperK) neutrino experiment, for dark matter of mass below 1 GeV. We undertake a dedicated simulation of the HyperK detector, which we benchmark against results from the similar Super-Kamiokande experiment and HyperK physics projections. We provide projections for the annihilation cross-sections that can be probed by HyperK for annihilation to muon or neutrino final states, and discuss uncertainties associated with the dark matter halo profile. For neutrino final states, we find that HyperK is sensitive to thermal annihilation cross-sections for dark matter with mass around 20 MeV, assuming an NFW halo profile. We also discuss the effects of neutron tagging, and prospects for improving the reach at low mass.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables, 2 appendices. Discussion extended, references added, matches JCAP published version
The prevalence, trajectories and predictors of recurrent pain among adolescents : a population-based approach
Creators: name: Stanford, Elizabeth Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Recurrent pains are a complex set of conditions that cause great discomfort and impairment to children, adolescents, and adults. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine the prevalence of headache, stomachache, and backache in a nationally representative adolescent sample and (b) evaluate a psychosocial model for the development of adolescent recurrent pain that included underlying vulnerability factors (i.e., gender, pubertal development and the presence of parent chronic pain), precipitating stimuli (i.e., illness, injury/hospitalization, and stressful life events), and psychological factors (i.e., anxiety/depression, and self-esteem). Statistics Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a large longitudinal population-level database, was used to assess a cohort of 2,488 10- to 11-year-old adolescents five times, every 2 years. Results showed that, across 12-19 years of age, weekly rates ranged from 26.2-31.8% for headache, 13.5-22.2% for stomachache, and 17.6-25.8% for backache. Across 12-19 years, 3.6-8.6% adolescents experienced multiple types of weekly recurrent pain. Chi-square tests indicated that girls had higher rates of pain than boys for all types of pain, at all time points. Structural equation modeling using latent growth curves considered psychosocial factors predictive of stable trajectories (i.e., predictors of both start- and end-point intercepts), as well as increasing recurrent pain trajectories over time (i.e., predictors of slopes). Gender and anxiety/depression were predictive of the start- and end-point intercepts and/or slopes for all three types of pain. Some factors were predictive of only certain pain types, for example parent headache was predictive of stable, high frequencies of headache, while fewer injuries and lower pubertal development were predictive of increasing frequencies of stomachache. Some factors were only predictive of certain trajectories types, for example low self-esteem was predictive of stable, high frequencies of recurrent pain, but not increasing frequencies of recurrent pain. Finally, many factors, such as parent chronic pain, illness/hospitalization, and stressful life events, were not found to be predictive in any analyses. The results of this study suggest that adolescent recurrent pain is very common and that psychosocial factors, such as gender and anxiety/depression, predict trajectories of recurrent pain across adolescence.
Decentramento e mercato del debito pubblico locale (Fiscal Decentralization and the Market for Local Governments' Debt)
Creators: name: Greco, Luciano
name: Iacovoni, Davide
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Debt
subject: H74;H77;R51

description: New opportunities and risks arise from the growing role of Italian local governments as public debt issuers on credit and financial markets. The paper analyzes the present institutional framework, and characterizes a reform implementing a stable and efficient "market" for the Italian local governments' debt (based on three pillars: bonds, bank loans and loans by the Cassa Depositi e Prestiti) compatible with the ongoing fiscal decentralization process. JEL Codes: H74, H77, R51 Keywords: Debt
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 228 (2004)
Perché i generi alimentari sono meno costosi nei paesi (europei) ricchi? (Why Is Food Cheaper in Rich [European] Countries?)
Creators: name: Podkaminer, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food; Prices
subject: D12;L11;L66;Q11

description: Relative to non-food items, food tends to be cheaper in rich, as compared with poor European countries. This tendency cannot be explained in terms of cost developments or foreign-trade considerations. A positive explanation proposed focuses on demand-income-supply interaction. An analysis of a cross-country price-augmented modification of Engel's Law, econometrically specified, indicates that the relative price of food is related positively to the supply of food items and negatively to that of non-food items. This finding is consistent with "agricultural price scissors", and also casts a different light on the nature of economic development and structural change. JEL Codes: D12, L11, L66, Q11 Keywords: Food, Prices
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 227 (2004)
La vigilanza sul sistema finanziario: obiettivi, assetti e approcci (Financial-Sector Regulation and Supervision: Targets, Frameworks and Approaches)
Creators: name: Sarcinelli, Mario
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Banking; Regulation; Securities
subject: E52;G18;G21;G28

description: The scandals that have tarnished the reputation of Wall Street and in Italy have damaged those who have invested their savings in Parmalat or Cirio corporate bonds or in Argentinean Government securities justify revisiting the objectives to be achieved by regulation and supervision of the financial sector. Stability is still regarded as paramount for banking, to be secured through an appropriate capital cushion, extensive supervisory arrangements, and market discipline, as agreed by Basel 2. Other financial intermediaries need to conduct their business with great transparency, openness and respect of the rules. However, an ever expanding and innovative financial sector, the blurring of traditional segmentations and globalisation make the task of regulating and supervising the financial sector more difficult and challenging, thus requiring new frameworks, for instance a single agency, in various jurisdictions and more international co-ordination and co-operation among regulating and supervising agencies. Up to now, the approach followed by the latter has been microeconomic, but the growing financial instability and the greater relevance of systemic risk may ask for a macroeconomic management of prudential regulation and supervision, thus complementing monetary policy in securing financial stability. JEL Codes: E52, G18, G21, G28 Keywords: Banking; Regulation; Securities
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 57, N. 227 (2004)
Dispersive Bounds for the three-dimensional Schrodinger equation with almost critical potentials
Creators: name: Goldberg, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q40

description: We prove a dispersive estimate for the time-independent Schrodinger operator H = -Δ+ V in three dimensions. The potential V(x) is assumed to lie in the intersection L^p(R^3) \cap L^q(R^3), p < 3/2 < q, and also to satisfy a generic zero-energy spectral condition. This class, which includes potentials that have pointwise decay |V(x)| < C(1+|x|)^{-2-ε}, is nearly critical with respect to the natural scaling of the Laplacian. No additional regularity, decay, or positivity of V is assumed.
description: 17 pages
Verzeichnis der Musikalien zum Nachlass Alfred Schlageter
Creators: name: Zentral- und Hochschulbibliothek Luzern
Publisher: name: Zentral- und Hochschulbibliothek Luzern
Year: 2024
Subjects: Nachlass
Schlageter, Alfred

description: Verzeichnis der Musikalien zum Nachlass Alfred Schlageter
Der Nachlass umfasst Materialien zum Werk, Musikhandschriften, Werke
Umfang: 0.5 Lfm
description: Standort: [ZHB] Sempacherstrasse / Luzern (Tresor BB), Signatur: Ms.N.79
Observation of a random singlet state in a diluted Kitaev honeycomb material
Creators: name: Baek, Seung-Ho
name: Yeo, Hyeon Woo
name: Do, Seung-Hwan
name: Choi, Kwang-Yong
name: Janssen, Lukas
name: Vojta, Matthias
name: Büchner, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a $^{35}$Cl nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the diluted Kitaev material $α$-Ru$_{1-x}$Ir$_x$Cl$_3$ ($x=0.1$ and $0.2$) where non-magnetic Ir$^{3+}$ dopants substitute Ru$^{3+}$ ions. Upon dilution, the $^{35}$Cl spectra exhibit unusual large magnetic inhomogeneity, which sets in at temperatures below the Kitaev exchange energy scale. At the same time, the $^{35}$Cl spin-lattice relaxation rate $T_1^{-1}$ as a function of dilution and magnetic field unravels a critical doping of $x_c\approx 0.22$, towards which both the field-induced spin gap and the zero-field magnetic ordering are simultaneously suppressed, while novel gapless low-energy spin excitations dominate the relaxation process. These NMR findings point to the stabilization of a random singlet phase in $α$-Ru$_{1-x}$Ir$_x$Cl$_3$, arising from the interplay of dilution and exchange frustration in the quantum limit.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Publilished in PRB
Selecting third-party libraries: The practitioners' perspective
Creators: name: Larios-Vargas, Enrique
name: Aniche, Maurício
name: Treude, Christoph
name: Bruntink, Magiel
name: Gousios, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The selection of third-party libraries is an essential element of virtually any software development project. However, deciding which libraries to choose is a challenging practical problem. Selecting the wrong library can severely impact a software project in terms of cost, time, and development effort, with the severity of the impact depending on the role of the library in the software architecture, among others. Despite the importance of following a careful library selection process, in practice, the selection of third-party libraries is still conducted in an ad-hoc manner, where dozens of factors play an influential role in the decision. In this paper, we study the factors that influence the selection process of libraries, as perceived by industry developers. To that aim, we perform a cross-sectional interview study with 16 developers from 11 different businesses and survey 115 developers that are involved in the selection of libraries. We systematically devised a comprehensive set of 26 technical, human, and economic factors that developers take into consideration when selecting a software library. Eight of these factors are new to the literature. We explain each of these factors and how they play a role in the decision. Finally, we discuss the implications of our work to library maintainers, potential library users, package manager developers, and empirical software engineering researchers.