Coronatum baiensis Martins, Souto & Menegola, 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Martins, Luciana
name: Souto, Camilla
name: Menegola, Carla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Dendrochirotida
Sclerodactylidae
Coronatum
Coronatum baiensis

description: Coronatum baiensis sp. nov. Martins & Souto
(Figs. 1–4)
Type Locality. Amaralina beach, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Holotype. Amaralina beach, Salvador, BA, Brazil (13°00’96” S; 38°28’16” W), 0 m, 2 May 2011, coll. L. Martins, C. Souto & U. Lopes, 2.6 cm long (UFBA –1677).
Paratypes. Same locality, date and collector as Holotype, 58 specimens, maximum total length up to 4.3 cm (48, UFBA –1678; 5, MZUSP 00241; 5 ZUEC HOL 01–05).
Additional material. Itapuã beach, Salvador, BA, Brazil (12°57’46” S; 38°21’36” W), 0 m, 21 April 2011, coll. L. Martins, C. Souto & U. Lopes, 35 specimens (UFBA –1679).
Diagnosis. Tentacles 10, ventral-most two much reduced. Tube feet scattered on body wall. Body wall ossicles are two-pillared tables with knobbed margins and low spire ending in numerous teeth, tube feet with two-pillared supporting tables, and introvert contains tables and rosettes.
Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the name of the State where it was collected (Bahia State).
Description of holotype. Medium-sized body, rough to the touch, barrel-shaped and sometimes slightly upturned at both ends. Tube feet gray, non-retractile and scattered throughout the body (Fig. 1 A). Ten dendritic tentacles, ventral-most pair smaller (Fig. 1 B–C). Five groups of three anal papillae around the anus (Fig. 1 E); under these, five anal teeth, each forming a triangle pointing outwards (Fig. 1 F).
Calcareous ring (Fig. 1 D) poorly calcified, plates laterally united and radials slightly higher than interradials. Radials compact, bifid anteriorly and with subdivided posterior paired processes. Interradials spear-shaped and pointed anteriorly.
Internal morphology: Gonads found in specimens over 1.5 cm in length and arranged in a single tuft attached to the middle portion of the body (Fig. 2 A–B). One Polian vesicle (Fig. 2 C–D), stone canal filamentous and short (Fig. 2 C, E), madreporite bean-shaped (Fig. 2 E).
Deposits: Body wall tables with oval disc (100–130 µm diameter), thick and knobbed margins, 2 central and 12–30 peripheral perforations, and low spire of two pillars ending in over 20 short round teeth (Fig. 3 A–B). Tentacles with two types of rods: a curved rod with two callosities in the center and ± 25 oval perforations in both extremities which tend to decrease in size towards the end (140–240 µm) (Fig. 3 C); and an elongated rod rosettelike (190–240 µm) (Fig. 3 D). Introvert with rosettes (30–50 µm) (Fig. 3 E) and two-pillared tables of two types: one with circular disc with many perforations and a medium-sized spire ending in a few denticles (Fig. 3 F–G); and a second type with knobbed edges and a low spire ending in a few denticles (Fig. 3 H). Anal region with tables similar to the body wall tables. Tube feet with supporting tables (150–180 µm) composed of two short spires and ending in numerous small teeth (± 16) (Fig. 3 I), and end plates (Fig. 3 J).
Color in life: most specimens are white, brown or gray, with dark spots scattered around the body; tentacles dark brown, introvert white and tube feet white with brown spots. Color not affected when preserved in ethanol.
Distribution. Salvador, BA, Brazil. Bathymetric range: intertidal region.
Biological Notes. Occur under rocks, inside crevices or buried with tentacles extended towards the surface. It can also be found in association with cucumariids, such as Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930). When touched in the field, Coronatum baiensis sp. nov. readily eviscerates internal structures through the introvert; therefore, they are often found without the calcareous ring, although the tentacles are intact.
description: Published as part of Martins, Luciana, Souto, Camilla & Menegola, Carla, 2012, A new genus and new species of Sclerodactylidae (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) from the south-western Atlantic coast, pp. 54-62 in Zootaxa 3506 on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214409