cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Fast-Slow Model of Banded Vegetation Pattern Formation in Drylands
Creators: name: Gandhi, Punit
name: Bonetti, Sara
name: Iams, Sarah
name: Porporato, Amilcare
name: Silber, Mary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From infiltration of water into the soil during rainstorms to seasonal plant growth and death, the ecohydrological processes that are thought to be relevant to the formation of banded vegetation patterns in drylands occur across multiple timescales. We propose a new fast-slow switching model in order to capture these processes on appropriate timescales within a conceptual modeling framework based on reaction-advection-diffusion equations. The fast system captures hydrological processes that occur on minute to hour timescales during and shortly after major rainstorms, assuming a fixed vegetation distribution. These include key feedbacks between vegetation biomass and downhill surface water transport, as well as between biomass and infiltration rate. The slow system acts between rain events, on a timescale of days to months, and evolves vegetation and soil moisture. Modeling processes at the appropriate timescales allows parameter values to be set by the actual processes they capture. This reduces the number of parameters that are chosen expressly to fit pattern characteristics, or to artificially slow down fast processes by the orders of magnitude required to align their timescales with the biomass dynamics. We explore the fast-slow switching model through numerical simulation on a one-dimensional hillslope, and find agreement with certain observations about the pattern formation phenomenon, including band spacing and upslope colonization rates. We also find that the predicted soil moisture dynamics are consistent with time series data that has been collected at a banded vegetation site. This fast-slow model framework introduces a tool for investigating the possible impact of changes to frequency and intensity of rain events in dryland ecosystems.
description: 35 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables, 2 appendices
Predicting offenders' institutional misconduct and recidivism: the utility of behavioral ratings by prison officers
Creators: name: Hausam, Joscha
name: Lehmann, Robert J. B.
name: Dahle, Klaus-Peter
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: behavior rating seals
subject: SWAP-200
subject: prison behavior
subject: behavioral observation
subject: risk assessment
subject: correctional treatment
subject: prison officers
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Measures of current behavior are rarely incorporated into risk assessment. Therefore, the current study used a behavior rating scale to assess prison officers' observations of inmates prison behavior and examined the contribution of these ratings for risk assessment. Prison officers rated 272 sexual and violent offenders in three different correctional treatment facilities in Berlin, Germany. Factor analysis revealed three psychologically meaningful factors measuring externalizing, internalizing and adaptive prison behavior. The construct validity of the three factors was established through correlational analyses with standardized risk assessment instruments. Externalizing and internalizing behaviors were significant predictors of violent recidivism after release. In addition, externalizing was a significant predictor of institutional misconduct, whereas adaptive and internalizing behavior predicted whether an inmate was granted privileges (e.g., minimum-security confinement). Logistic regression analyses indicated that externalizing behavior ratings added incrementally to the Level of Service Inventory-Revised for the prediction of institutional misconduct and violent recidivism. The results indicate that prison officers observe important prison behaviors and that behavioral ratings can improve risk assessment.
Modelling ultrafast non-equilibrium carrier dynamics and relaxation processes upon irradiation of hexagonal Silicon-Carbide with femtosecond laser pulses
Creators: name: Tsibidis, G. D.
name: Mouchliadis, L.
name: Pedio, M.
name: Stratakis, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical investigation of the yet unexplored dynamics of the produced excited carriers upon irradiation of hexagonal Silicon Carbide (6H-SiC) with femtosecond laser pulses. To describe the ultrafast behaviour of laser induced out-of-equilibrium carriers, a real time simulation based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) methodology is used to compute both the hot carrier dynamics and transient change of the optical properties. A Two-Temperature model (TTM) is also employed to derive the relaxation processes for laser pulses of wavelength 401 nm, duration 50 fs at normal incidence irradiation which indicate that surface damage on the material occurs for fluence ~1.88 Jcm-2. This approach of linking, for the first time, real time calculations, transient optical properties and TTM modelling, has strong implications for understanding both the ultrafast dynamics and relaxation processes and providing a precise investigation of the impact of hot carrier population in surface damage mechanisms in solids.
description: To appear in Physical Review B
Neurological emergencies in refugees
Creators: name: Brinckmann, Marie P.
name: Noort, Betteke M. Van
name: Leithner, Christoph
name: Ploner, Christoph J.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: emergency room
subject: emergencies
subject: refugees
subject: migration
subject: forced displacement
subject: multicultural health care
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: Health care personnel in Europe is increasingly involved in care of displaced persons from non-European countries; we investigated the spectrum of neurological disorders and medical management in refugees presenting to the emergency room (ER) of a German university hospital. Methods: We retrospectively studied ER-patients with refugee status (R-patients) during the peak of the European refugee crisis between August 2015 and February 2016 (N = 100). Complaints on admission, medical management and diagnoses at discharge were compared to matched groups of German residents with migrational background (M-patients; N = 96) and to native Germans (N-patients: N = 95). Results: R-patients were mostly male young adults (75% male; mean age 33.2 years). Headache was the most frequent complaint in all groups (R-patients 38%; M-patients 43%; N-patients 24%). R-patients, however, presented much more often with possible or definite seizures (R-patients 27%; M-patients 9%; N-patients 15%). Initial triage, length of medical history and examination records, utilization of laboratory tests and cranial imaging did not differ between groups. However, time to diagnosis was considerably longer in R-patients (220 min; M-patients 151 min, N-patients 123 min). While strokes and other life-threatening emergencies were rare final diagnoses in R-patients, a substantial proportion was discharged with a diagnosis of non-epileptic seizures or a psychiatric disorder (20%; M-patients 6%; N-patients 7%). Conclusions: Refugee patients present with a spectrum of neurological disorders that not solely results from cultural differences but rather reflects the consequences of forced displacement. ER management of refugees requires more time, language skills and critically depends on psychosomatic/psychiatric expertise.
MOESM1 of Self-reported methods of weight cutting in professional mixed-martial artists: how much are they losing and who is advising them?
Creators: name: Sungjun Park
name: Alencar, Michelle
name: Sassone, John
name: Madrigal, Leilani
name: Ede, Alison
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Appendix A: MMA questionnaire on habits of weight-cutting and sources of advice.
Using a three-compartment model improves the estimation of iohexol clearance to assess glomerular filtration rate
Creators: name: Taubert, Max
name: Ebert, Natalie
name: Martus, Peter
name: Giet, Markus Van Der
name: Fuhr, Uwe
name: Schaeffner, Elke
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: glomerular filtration rate
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Plasma clearance of iohexol is a key tool to precisely determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinical research and clinical practice. Despite evidence that iohexol pharmacokinetics are described best by three-compartment models, two-compartment approaches (Schwartz approach) are customary, which might result in avoidable bias and imprecision. We aimed to provide a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model of iohexol by re-evaluating data from the Berlin Initiative Study (BIS) to compare respective clearance estimates to the Schwartz approach and to assess the impact of revised clearance estimates on the BIS equations. A popPK model was developed based on iohexol plasma samples (8-10 per subject, iohexol dose 3235 mg) from 570 elderly patients. A three-compartment model appropriately described the pharmacokinetics of iohexol (clearance 57.4 mL/min, CV 33%). Compared to the three-compartment model, clearance values were overestimated by the Schwartz approach (bias 6.5 mL/min), resulting in limited effects on regression coefficients of the BIS equations (e.g., proportionality factor of B152 changed from 767 to 720). Predictions based on the B152 equation were biased (5.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and the sensitivity to detect a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was low compared to the revised equation (72% versus 89%). Three-compartment models should be employed to assess iohexol pharmacokinetics.
Prospects for improving cosmological parameter estimation with gravitational-wave standard sirens from Taiji
Creators: name: Zhao, Ze-Wei
name: Wang, Ling-Feng
name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taiji, a space-based gravitational-wave observatory, consists of three satellites forming an equilateral triangle with arm length of $3\times 10^6$ km, orbiting around the Sun. Taiji is able to observe the gravitational-wave standard siren events of massive black hole binary (MBHB) merger, which is helpful in probing the expansion of the universe. In this paper, we preliminarily forecast the capability of Taiji for improving cosmological parameter estimation with the gravitational-wave standard siren data. We simulate five-year standard siren data based on three fiducial cosmological models and three models of MBHB's formation and growth. It is found that the standard siren data from Taiji can effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies data, especially for dynamical dark energy models. The constraints on cosmological parameters are significantly improved by the data combination CMB+Taiji, compared to the CMB data alone. Compared to the current optical cosmological observations, Taiji can still provide help in improving the cosmological parameter estimation to some extent. In addition, we consider an ideal scenario to investigate the potential of Taiji on constraining cosmological parameters. We conclude that the standard sirens of MBHB from Taiji will become a powerful cosmological probe in the future.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures; published online in Science Bulletin
Nesfatin-1(30-59) injected intracerebroventricularly increases anxiety, depression-like behavior, and anhedonia in normal weight rats
Creators: name: Kühne, Stephanie Gladys
name: Schalla, Martha Anna
name: Friedrich, Tiemo
name: Kobelt, Peter
name: Goebel-Stengel, Miriam
name: Long, Melissa
name: Rivalan, Marion
name: Winter, York
name: Rose, Matthias
name: Stengel, Andreas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: behavior
subject: depression
subject: gut-brain axis
subject: NUCB2
subject: obesity
subject: psychosomatic
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Nesfatin-1 is a well-established anorexigenic peptide. Recent studies indicated an association between nesfatin-1 and anxiety/depression-like behavior. However, it is unclear whether this effect is retained in obesity. The aim was to investigate the effect of nesfatin-1(30-59)—the active core of nesfatin-1—on anxiety and depression-like behavior in normal weight (NW) and diet-induced (DIO) obese rats. Male rats were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) cannulated and received nesfatin-1(30-59) (0.1, 0.3, or 0.9 nmol/rat) or vehicle 30 min before testing. Nesfatin-1(30-59) at a dose of 0.3 nmol reduced sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test in NW rats compared to vehicle (-33%, p < 0.05), indicating depression-like/anhedonic behavior. This dose was used for all following experiments. Nesfatin-1(30-59) also reduced cookie intake during the novelty-induced hypophagia test (-62%, p < 0.05). Moreover, nesfatin-1(30-59) reduced the number of entries into the center zone in the open field test (-45%, p < 0.01) and the visits of open arms in the elevated zero maze test (-39%, p < 0.01) in NW rats indicating anxiety. Interestingly, DIO rats showed no behavioral alterations after the injection of nesfatin-1(30-59) (p > 0.05). These results indicate an implication of nesfatin-1(30-59) in the mediation of anxiety and depression-like behavior/anhedonia under normal weight conditions, while in DIO rats, a desensitization might occur.
MOESM1 of Perceived discrimination in bateyes of the Dominican Republic: results from the Everyday Discrimination Scale and implications for public health programs
Creators: name: Keys, Hunter
name: Noland, Gregory
name: Madsen Rochars
name: Taylor, Thomas
name: Blount, Stephen
name: Gonzales, Manuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Factor loadings after oblique rotation of 9-item EDS using polychoric matrices, stratified by ethnic group, Dominican Republic, 2016. Results of factor analysis of 9-item Everyday Discrimination Scale among three ethnic groups (Haitian-born, Dominican-born without Haitian descent, and Dominican-born without Haitian descent).
Exon skipping in a dysf-missense mutant mouse model
Creators: name: Malcher, Jakub
name: Heidt, Leonie
name: Goyenvalle, Aurélie
name: Escobar, Helena
name: Marg, Andreas
name: Beley, Cyriaque
name: Benchaouir, Rachid
name: Bader, Michael
name: Spuler, Simone
name: García, Luis
name: Schöwel, Verena
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: dysferlin
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) is without treatment and caused by mutations in the dysferlin gene (DYSF). One-third is missense mutations leading to dysferlin aggregation and amyloid formation, in addition to defects in sarcolemmal repair and progressive muscle wasting. Dysferlin-null mouse models do not allow study of the consequences of missense mutations. We generated a new mouse model (MMex38) carrying a missense mutation in exon 38 in analogy to a clinically relevant human DYSF variant (DYSF p.Leu1341Pro). The targeted mutation induces all characteristics of missense mutant dysferlinopathy, including a progressive dystrophic pattern, amyloid formation, and defects in membrane repair. We chose U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-based splice switching to demonstrate a possible exon-skipping strategy in this new animal model. We show that Dysf exons 37 and 38 can successfully be skipped in vivo. Overall, the MMex38 mouse model provides an ideal tool for preclinical development of treatment strategies for dysferlinopathy.
Two-Stream FCNs to Balance Content and Style for Style Transfer
Creators: name: Vo, Duc Minh
name: Sugimoto, Akihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Style transfer is to render given image contents in given styles, and it has an important role in both computer vision fundamental research and industrial applications. Following the success of deep learning based approaches, this problem has been re-launched recently, but still remains a difficult task because of trade-off between preserving contents and faithful rendering of styles. Indeed, how well-balanced content and style are is crucial in evaluating the quality of stylized images. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end two-stream Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) aiming at balancing the contributions of the content and the style in rendered images. Our proposed network consists of the encoder and decoder parts. The encoder part utilizes a FCN for content and a FCN for style where the two FCNs have feature injections and are independently trained to preserve the semantic content and to learn the faithful style representation in each. The semantic content feature and the style representation feature are then concatenated adaptively and fed into the decoder to generate style-transferred (stylized) images. In order to train our proposed network, we employ a loss network, the pre-trained VGG-16, to compute content loss and style loss, both of which are efficiently used for the feature injection as well as the feature concatenation. Our intensive experiments show that our proposed model generates more balanced stylized images in content and style than state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, our proposed network achieves efficiency in speed.
description: published in Machine Vision and Applications
MOESM1 of Advanced neoplasia in Veterans at screening colonoscopy using the National Cancer Institute Risk Assessment Tool
Creators: name: Musselwhite, Laura
name: Redding, Thomas
name: Sims, Kellie
name: Oâ€™Leary, Meghan
name: Hauser, Elizabeth
name: Hyslop, Terry
name: Gellad, Ziad
name: Sullivan, Brian
name: Lieberman, David
name: Provenzale, Dawn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. VA Cooperative Study #380 Clinic Survey Form.
Incidence of sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men and who are at substantial risk of HIV infection - A meta-analysis of data from trials and observational studies of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
Creators: name: Werner, Ricardo Niklas
name: Gaskins, Matthew
name: Nast, Alexander
name: Dressler, Corinna
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: pre-exposure prophylaxis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) and who engage in condomless anal intercourse with casual partners are at high risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but reliable epidemiological data are scarce. Studies on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) enrol MSM who indicate that they engage in behaviour that puts them at high risk of acquiring HIV. Because they also screen for STIs at regular intervals, these studies may serve as a valuable source to estimate incidence rates of STIs in this subpopulation of MSM. Methods: We systematically searched for trials and observational studies of PrEP in MSM that reported data on the incidence of STIs during the study period. Incidence rates were calculated as events per 100 person-years (py) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Data from individual studies were pooled building subgroups along study types and geography. We performed sensitivity analyses, including data only from studies that met pre-defined quality criteria. Results: Twenty-four publications on 20 studies were included. The majority of studies reported that sexual behaviour and/or STI incidence remained stable or decreased during the study period. For syphilis, incidence rates ranged from 1.8/100py to 14.9/100py, the pooled estimate was 9.1/100py (95%-CI: 7.7-10.9). Incidence rates for gonorrhoea and chlamydia of any site ranged from 13.3/100py to 43.0/100py and 15.1/100py to 48.5/100py, respectively. Considering only studies that met the criteria for sensitivity analysis yielded pooled estimates of 39.6/100py (95%-CI: 32.9-47.6) and 41.8/100py (95%-CI: 33.9-51.5), respectively. The overall estimate for hepatitis C incidence was 1.3/100py (95%-CI: 1.0-1.8). Conclusions: Despite partly heterogeneous results, the data depict high incidence rates of STIs among MSM who engage in higher-risk sexual behaviours such as condomless sex with casual partners. This subpopulation of MSM requires access to STI screening at close intervals. By offering access to structures that provide regular STI monitoring and prompt treatment, PrEP may not only decrease HIV incidence but also have beneficial effects in decreasing the burden of STIs.
Hidden charm pentaquarks with color-octet substructure in QCD Sum Rules
Creators: name: Pimikov, Alexandr
name: Lee, Hee-Jung
name: Zhang, Pengming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hidden-charm pentaquark states $udsc\bar{c}$ with spins 1/2, 3/2, and 5/2 within the QCD sum-rule approach. First, we construct the currents for the particular configuration of pentaquark states that consist of the flavor singlet three-quark cluster $uds$ of spins 1/2 and 3/2 and the two-quark cluster $\bar cc$ of spin 1, where both clusters are in a color-octet state. From the QCD sum rules obtained by the operator product expansion up to dimension-10 condensates, the extracted masses for the pentaquark states $uds$-$\bar{c}c$ are about 4.6 GeV (5.6 GeV) for spin 1/2$^\pm$, about 5.1 GeV (6.0 GeV) for spin 3/2$^\pm$, about 6.1 GeV (5.9 GeV) for spin 5/2$^\pm$, where the masses of the positive parity states are given in parentheses. Additionally, based on the flavor singlet pentaquark states, it is also shown that other pentaquark states of clusters like $udc$-$\bar{c}s$ and $usc$-$\bar cd$ lead to masses similar to the $uds$-$\bar cc$ case within error bars. Furthermore, in order to see whether any of the states, observed by the LHCb Collaboration, could be understood as the pentaquark of two clusters in the color-octet state, we study the pentaquark formed by the two clusters $udc$-$\bar cu$, where the three-quark cluster is assumed to have the same flavor structure as the above $uds$ cluster. We come to the conclusion that if the observed pentaquark will be found to have spin 1/2 and negative parity, then it could be described as a state of two color-octet clusters.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
MOESM2 of Advanced neoplasia in Veterans at screening colonoscopy using the National Cancer Institute Risk Assessment Tool
Creators: name: Musselwhite, Laura
name: Redding, Thomas
name: Sims, Kellie
name: Oâ€™Leary, Meghan
name: Hauser, Elizabeth
name: Hyslop, Terry
name: Gellad, Ziad
name: Sullivan, Brian
name: Lieberman, David
name: Provenzale, Dawn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2. VA Cooperative Study #380 Medical History Form.
Selective carious tissue removal using subjective criteria or polymer bur: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (SelecCT)
Creators: name: Schwendicke, Falk
name: Leal, Soraya
name: Schlattmann, Peter
name: Paris, Sebastian
name: Dias Ribeiro, Ana Paula
name: Gomes Marques, Marta
name: Hilgert, Leandro Augusto
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: carious
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction: Selective (incomplete/partial) carious tissue removal is suitable for treating deep carious lesions in teeth with vital, asymptomatic pulps. In the periphery of a cavity, removal to hard dentin is performed, while in pulpo-proximal areas, leathery or soft dentin is left to avoid pulp exposure. As the decision of what contains 'soft' or 'leathery' dentin is subjective, using self-limiting burs which help to standardise the hardness of the remaining dentin, has been suggested to increase the reliability of carious tissue removal. The trial compares subjectively measured selective carious tissue removal in deep lesions in primary teeth with objectively measured selective removal with a self-limiting bur (Polybur, Komet). Methods and analysis: A community-based single-blind clustered randomised controlled superiority trial nested into a larger evaluation is performed. Recruitment for this trial has been concluded. We have recruited 115 children aged 6-8 years with >= 1 vital primary molar with a deep dentin lesion. The unit of randomisation was the child, with all eligible molars per child treated identically. Treatment was performed in a mobile dental unit. Subjective and objective carious tissue removal was performed at random. Teeth were restored using glass ionomer cement (Equia Forte, GC). Our primary outcome will be the time until complications occur, evaluated via multilevel survival analysis. Secondary outcomes will be the time until extraction is needed, subjective satisfaction of the child with the treatment (measured using a Likert scale) and cost-effectiveness. Re-examination will be performed after 12, 24 and 36 months (the final examination is expected in 2020). Ethics and dissemination: This trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences of the University of Brasilia (CAAE 51310415.0.0000.0030). Trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented on conferences.
Atomic vapor-based high efficiency optical detectors with photon number resolution
Creators: name: James, Daniel
name: Kwiat, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel approach to the important fundamental problem of detecting weak optical fields at the few photon level. The ability to detect with high efficiency (>99%), and to distinguish the number of photons in a given time interval is a very challenging technical problem with enormous potential pay-offs in quantum communications and information processing. Our proposal diverges from standard solid-state photo-detector technology by employing an atomic vapor as the active medium, prepared in a specific quantum state using laser radiation. The absorption of a photon will be aided by a dressing laser, and the presence or absence of an excited atom will be detected using the ``cycling transition'' approach perfected for ion traps. By first incorporating an appropriate upconversion scheme, our method can be applied to a wide variety of optical wavelengths.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation in pediatric lens epithelial cells
Creators: name: Wernecke, Laura
name: Keckeis, Susanne
name: Reichhart, Nadine
name: Strauß, Olaf
name: Salchow, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: cataract
subject: children
subject: posterior capsule opacification
subject: epithelial-mesenchymal transformation
subject: lens epithelial cells
subject: transforming growth factor beta-2
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: PURPOSE. Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a complication after cataract surgery, particularly in children. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells, mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), contributes to PCO. However, its pathogenesis in children is poorly understood. We correlated cell growth in culture with patient characteristics, studied gene expression of pediatric lens epithelial cells (pLEC), and examined the effects of TGF beta-2 on these cells in vitro. METHODS. Clinical characteristics of children with cataracts correlated with growth behavior of pLEC in vitro. mRNA expression of epithelial (alpha B-crystallin, connexin-43) and mesenchymal (alpha(V)-integrin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen-I alpha 2, fibronectin-1) markers was quantified in pLEC and in cell line HLE-B3 in the presence and absence of TGF beta-2. RESULTS. Fifty-four anterior lens capsules from 40 children aged 1 to 180 months were obtained. Cell outgrowth occurred in 44% of the capsules from patients <= 12 months and in 33% of capsules from children aged 13 to 60 months, but in only 6% of capsules from children over 60 months. TGF beta-2 significantly upregulated expression of alpha B-crystallin (HLE-B3), alpha(V)-integrin (HLE-B3), collagen-I alpha 2, and fibronectin-1 (in pLEC and HLE-B3 cells). CONCLUSIONS. Patient characteristics correlated with growth behavior of pLEC in vitro, paralleling a higher clinical incidence of PCO in younger children. Gene expression profiles of pLEC and HLE-B3 suggest that upregulation of alpha(V)-integrin, collagen-I alpha 2, and fibronectin-1 are involved in EMT.
Helios-r2 -- A new Bayesian, open-source retrieval model for brown dwarfs and exoplanet atmospheres
Creators: name: Kitzmann, Daniel
name: Heng, Kevin
name: Oreshenko, Maria
name: Grimm, Simon L.
name: Apai, Daniel
name: Bowler, Brendan P.
name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Marley, Mark S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an improved, hybrid CPU-GPU atmospheric retrieval code, Helios-r2, which is applicable to medium-resolution emission spectra of brown dwarfs, in preparation for precision atmospheric spectroscopy in the era of the James Webb Space Telescope. The model is available as open-source code on the Exoclimes Simulation Platform. We subject Helios-r2 to a battery of tests of varying difficulty. The simplest test involves a mock retrieval on a forward model generated using the same radiative transfer technique, the same implementation of opacities, and the same chemistry model. The least trivial test involves a mock retrieval on synthetic spectra from the Sonora model grid, which uses a different radiative transfer technique, a different implementation of opacities, and a different chemistry model. A calibration factor, which is included to capture uncertainties in the brown dwarf radius, distance to the brown dwarf and flux calibration of the spectrum, may compensate, sometimes erroneously, for discrepancies in modeling choices and implementation. We analyze spectra of the benchmark brown dwarf GJ 570 D and the binary brown dwarf companions in the Epsilon Indi system. The retrieved surface gravities are consistent with previous studies and/or values inferred from dynamical masses (for Epsilon Indi Ba and Bb only). There remains no clear criterion on how to reject unphysical values of the retrieved brown dwarf radii. The inferred radii and corresponding masses should be taken with great caution. The retrieved carbon-to-oxygen ratios and metallicity depend on whether chemical equilibrium is assumed.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. The code is available under https://github.com/exoclime/Helios-r2
Hantavirus-driven PD-L1/PD-L2 upregulation: An imperfect viral immune evasion mechanism
Creators: name: Raftery, Martin J.
name: Abdelaziz, Mohammed O.
name: Hofmann, Jörg
name: Schönrich, Günther
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: bystander activation
subject: hantaviruses
subject: viral immune evasion
subject: PD-L1
subject: PD-L2
subject: PD-1
subject: CD86
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Viruses often subvert antiviral immune responses by taking advantage of inhibitory immune signaling. We investigated if hantaviruses use this strategy. Hantaviruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) which is associated with strong immune activation resulting in vigorous CD8+ T cell responses. Surprisingly, we observed that hantaviruses strongly upregulate PD-L1 and PD-L2, the ligands of checkpoint inhibitor programmed death-1 (PD-1). We detected high amounts of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and soluble PD-L2 (sPD-L2) in sera from hantavirus-infected patients. In addition, we observed hantavirus-induced PD-L1 upregulation in mice with a humanized immune system. The two major target cells of hantaviruses, endothelial cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells, strongly increased PD-L1 and PD-L2 surface expression upon hantavirus infection in vitro. As an underlying mechanism, we found increased transcript levels whereas membrane trafficking of PD-L1 was not affected. Further analysis revealed that hantavirus-associated inflammatory signals and hantaviral nucleocapsid (N) protein enhance PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. Cell numbers were strongly reduced when hantavirus-infected endothelial cells were mixed with T cells in the presence of an exogenous proliferation signal compared to uninfected cells. This is compatible with the concept that virus-induced PD-L1 and PD-L2 upregulation contributes to viral immune escape. Intriguingly, however, we observed hantavirus-induced CD8+ T cell bystander activation despite strongly upregulated PD-L1 and PD-L2. This result indicates that hantavirus-induced CD8+ T cell bystander activation bypasses checkpoint inhibition allowing an early antiviral immune response upon virus infection.
Chiral Extrapolation: An Analogy with Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Dunne, Gerald V.
name: Thomas, Anthony W.
name: Wright, Stewart V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We draw an analogy between the chiral extrapolation of lattice QCD calculations from large to small quark masses and the interpolation between the large mass (weak field) and small mass (strong field) limits of the Euler--Heisenberg QED effective action. In the latter case, where the exact answer is known, a simple extrapolation of a form analogous to those proposed for the QCD applications is shown to be surprisingly accurate over the entire parameter range.
description: 6 pp, revtex, 3 figs; minor changes -- version to appear in PLB
Tailoring symmetry groups using external alternate fields
Creators: name: Junier, I.
name: Kurchan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macroscopic systems with continuous symmetries subjected to oscillatory fields have phases and transitions that are qualitatively different from their equilibrium ones. Depending on the amplitude and frequency of the fields applied, Heisenberg ferromagnets can become XY or Ising-like -or, conversely, anisotropies can be compensated -thus changing the nature of the ordered phase and the topology of defects. The phenomena can be viewed as a dynamic form of "order by disorder".
description: 4 pages, 2 figures finite dimension and selection mechanism clarified
Zika virus infection in human placental tissue explants is enhanced in the presence of dengue virus antibodies in-vitro
Creators: name: Hermanns, Kyra
name: Göhner, Claudia
name: Kopp, Anne
name: Schmidt, Andre
name: Merz, Waltraut M.
name: Markert, Udo R.
name: Junglen, Sandra
name: Drosten, Christian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Zika virus
subject: dengue virus
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The current Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak is associated with neurological malformations and disorders in neonates. Areas of increased incidence of malformations may overlap with dengue-hyperendemic areas. ZIKV infection is enhanced by antibodies against dengue virus (DENV) in cell culture and inbred mice. Sufficiently powered clinical studies or primate studies addressing the enhancement of fetal ZIKV infection after previous dengue infection are not available. The human placenta is susceptible to ZIKV in vitro, but it is unknown whether antibody-dependent enhancement of ZIKV infection occurs at the placental barrier. Here we studied ZIKV infection in placental tissue in the presence of DENV-immune sera. Explants from the amniochorionic membrane, the chorionic villi, and the maternal decidua were infected with ZIKV in the presence of DENV type 1-, 2-, or 4-immune sera, or controls. Presence of DENV antibodies of any type enhanced the percentage of successful infections of organ explants between 1.42- and 2.67-fold, and led to a faster replication as well as significantly increased virus production. No enhancement was seen with yellow fever or chikungunya virus control sera. Pre-existing DENV antibodies may pose an increased risk of trans-placental ZIKV transmission.
General Spherically Symmetric Non Singular Black Hole Solutions in Teleparallel Theory of Gravitation
Creators: name: Nashed, Gamal G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the most general spherically symmetric non singular black hole solution in a special class of teleparallel theory of gravitation. If $r$ is large enough, the general solution coincides with the Schwarzschild solution. Whereas, if $r$ is small, the general solution behaves in a manner similar to that of de Sitter solution. Otherwise it describes a spherically symmetric black hole singularity free everywhere. Moreover, the energy associated with the general solution is calculated using the superpotential given by Møller 1978.
The Possible Electromagnetic Counterparts of the First High-Probability NSBH Merger LIGO/Virgo S190814bv
Creators: name: Wei, Hao
name: Feng, Minzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LIGO/Virgo S190814bv is the first high-probability neutron star - black hole (NSBH) merger candidate, whose gravitational waves (GWs) triggered LIGO/Virgo detectors at 21:10:39.012957 UT, 14 August 2019. It has a probability $>99\%$ of being an NSBH merger, with a low false alarm rate (FAR) of 1 per 1.559e+25 years. For an NSBH merger, electromagnetic counterparts (especially short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)) are generally expected. However, no electromagnetic counterpart has been found in the extensive follow-up observing campaign. In the present work, we propose a novel explanation to this null result. In our scenario, LIGO/Virgo S190814bv is just a GW mirror image of the real NSBH merger which should be detected before 14 September 2015, but at that time we had no ability to detect its GW signals. The electromagnetic counterparts associated with the real NSBH merger should be found in the archive data before 14 September 2015. In this work, we indeed find 9 short GRBs as the possible electromagnetic counterparts.
description: 12 pages, 3 tables, 1 figure, revtex4; v2: discussions added, Commun. Theor. Phys. in press; v3: published version
Learning Reinforced Attentional Representation for End-to-End Visual Tracking
Creators: name: Gao, Peng
name: Zhang, Qiquan
name: Wang, Fei
name: Xiao, Liyi
name: Fujita, Hamido
name: Zhang, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Although numerous recent tracking approaches have made tremendous advances in the last decade, achieving high-performance visual tracking remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end network model to learn reinforced attentional representation for accurate target object discrimination and localization. We utilize a novel hierarchical attentional module with long short-term memory and multi-layer perceptrons to leverage both inter- and intra-frame attention to effectively facilitate visual pattern emphasis. Moreover, we incorporate a contextual attentional correlation filter into the backbone network to make our model trainable in an end-to-end fashion. Our proposed approach not only takes full advantage of informative geometries and semantics but also updates correlation filters online without fine-tuning the backbone network to enable the adaptation of variations in the target object's appearance. Extensive experiments conducted on several popular benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach is effective and computationally efficient.
description: Accepted by Information Sciences
Introduzione
Creators: name: Recchia Luciani, Francesca Romana
Publisher: name: Post-filosofie
Year: 2020

description: Il numero 12 di «Post-filosofie» (2019) è dedicato a “Le rivoluzioni dell’alterità”, poiché l’incontro con l’altro/a ci cambia sempre, ci trasforma ogni volta irreversibilmente, apre orizzonti inediti e impensati di riflessione, di conoscenza, di scambio, muta la postura di partenza e lo sguardo iniziale in qualcosa che non si era ancora immaginato, in un impensato.
description: Post-filosofie, N. 12 (2019): Anno 12. Numero12. Le rivoluzioni dell’alterità
Sangoku tsūran zusetsu
三國通覧圖説
Creators: name: Hayashi, Shihei, 1738-1793.
Publisher: name: Edo : Suharaya Ichibē
Year: 2021

description: Cover attached; title from cover. The three countries referred to in the title are Ezo, Korea, and the Ryūkyū Islands. Hayashi compiled the work in 1785, and published it the following year; there is also a manuscript copy of this book. Since Hayashi's writing addressed the widespread interest of the government's policy toward the frontier problem, this book achieved the status of a textbook among the people. Hayashi's opposition to the visits of foreign ships caused the Shōgunate in l792 to confiscate his work, destroy the wood blocks, and confine the author, but manuscript copies continued to be circulated. Although Beans lists five maps as accompanying the book, they seem to have been issued separately, compiled from second-hand materials, emphasizing the nearness of the frontiers but not reflecting any improvement in their mapping. References: Boxer, p. 19; Nordenskiold, no. 137. Cited in: WSN; 97
Open/Closed String Dualities and Seiberg Duality from Geometric Transitions in M-theory
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Keshav
name: Oh, Kyungho
name: Tatar, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general method to study open/closed string dualities from transitions in M theory which is valid for a large class of geometrical configurations. By T-duality we can transform geometrically engineered configurations into N = 1 brane configurations and study the transitions of the corresponding branes by lifting the configurations to M-theory. We describe the transformed degenerated M5 branes and extract the field theory information on gluino condensation by factorization of the Seiberg-Witten curve. We also include massive flavors and orientifolds and discuss Seiberg duality which appears in this case as a birational flop. After the transition, the Seiberg duality becomes an abelian electric-magnetic duality.
description: 30 pages, 3 figures, Latex
Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment
Creators: name: Bellwied, Rene
name: Borsanyi, Szabolcs
name: Fodor, Zoltan
name: Guenther, Jana N.
name: Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn
name: Parotto, Paolo
name: Pasztor, Attila
name: Ratti, Claudia
name: Stafford, Jamie M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Like fluctuations, non-diagonal correlators of conserved charges provide a tool for the study of chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions. They can be calculated in thermal equilibrium using lattice simulations, and be connected to moments of event-by-event net-particle multiplicity distributions. We calculate them from continuum extrapolated lattice simulations at $μ_B=0$, and present a finite-$μ_B$ extrapolation, comparing two different methods. In order to relate the grand canonical observables to the experimentally available net-particle fluctuations and correlations, we perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis, which allows us to completely break down the contributions from different hadrons. We then construct suitable hadronic proxies for fluctuations ratios, and study their behavior at finite chemical potentials. We also study the effect of introducing acceptance cuts, and argue that the small dependence of certain ratios on the latter allows for a direct comparison with lattice QCD results, provided that the same cuts are applied to all hadronic species. Finally, we perform a comparison for the constructed quantities for experimentally available measurements from the STAR Collaboration. Thus, we estimate the chemical freeze-out temperature to 165 MeV using a strangeness-related proxy. This is a rather high temperature for the use of the Hadron Resonance Gas, thus, further lattice studies are necessary to provide first principle results at intermediate $μ_B$.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, 1 table, version published in Phys.Rev.D