cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A group theoretic description of the $κ$-Poincaré Hopf algebra
Creators: name: Arzano, Michele
name: Kowalski-Glikman, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known in the literature that the momentum space associated to the $κ$-Poincaré algebra is described by the Lie group $\mathsf{A}\mathsf{N}(3)$. In this letter we show that the full $κ$-Poincaré Hopf algebra structure can be obtained from rather straightforward group-theoretic manipulations starting from the Iwasawa decomposition of the of the $\mathsf{SO(1,4)}$ group.
description: 16 pages, no figures. Minor editing, references added
A novel two-party semiquantum key distribution protocol based on GHZ-like states
Creators: name: Xu, Tian-Jie
name: Ye, Tian-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel two-party semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol by only employing one kind of GHZ-like state. The proposed SQKD protocol can create a private key shared between one quantum party with unlimited quantum abilities and one classical party with limited quantum abilities without the existence of a third party. The proposed SQKD protocol doesn't need the Hadamard gate or quantum entanglement swapping. Detailed security analysis turns out that the proposed SQKD protocol can resist various famous attacks from an outside eavesdropper, such as the Trojan horse attacks, the entangle-measure attack, the double CNOT attacks, the measure-resend attack and the intercept-resend attack.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Z' mass limits and the naturalness of supersymmetry
Creators: name: Athron, P.
name: Harries, D.
name: Williams, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of a 125 GeV Higgs boson and rising lower bounds on the masses of superpartners have lead to concerns that supersymmetric models are now fine tuned. Large stop masses, required for a 125 GeV Higgs, feed into the electroweak symmetry breaking conditions through renormalisation group equations forcing one to fine tune these parameters to obtain the correct electroweak vacuum expectation value. Nonetheless this fine tuning depends crucially on our assumptions about the supersymmetry breaking scale. At the same time $U(1)$ extensions provide the most compelling solution to the $μ$-problem, which is also a naturalness issue, and allow the tree level Higgs mass to be raised substantially above $M_Z$. These very well motivated supersymmetric models predict a new $Z'$ boson which could be discovered at the LHC and the naturalness of the model requires that the $Z'$ boson mass should not be too far above the TeV scale. Moreover this fine tuning appears at the tree level, making it less dependent on assumptions about the supersymmetry breaking mechanism. Here we study this fine tuning for several $U(1)$ supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model and compare it to the situation in the MSSM where the most direct tree level fine tuning can be probed through chargino mass limits. We show that future LHC $Z'$ searches are extremely important for challenging the most natural scenarios in these models.
description: 58 pages, 5 figures; typos corrected, references added; matches version to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Double-stranded RNA innate immune response activation from long-term adeno-associated virus vector transduction
Creators: name: Hirsch, M.L.
name: Ting, J.
name: Shao, W.
name: Chen, X.
name: Deng, M.
name: Sun, J.
name: Chai, Z.
name: Li, C.
name: He, T.
name: Earley, L.F.
name: Samulski, R.J.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2018

description: Data from clinical trials for hemophilia B using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have demonstrated decreased transgenic coagulation factor IX (hFIX) expression 6-10 weeks after administration of a high vector dose. While it is likely that capsid-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes eliminate vector-transduced hepatocytes, thereby resulting in decreased hFIX, this observation is not intuitively consistent with restored hFIX levels following prednisone application. Although the innate immune response is immediately activated following AAV vector infection via TLR pathways, no studies exist regarding the role of the innate immune response at later time points after AAV vector transduction. Herein, activation of the innate immune response in cell lines, primary human hepatocytes, and hepatocytes in a human chimeric mouse model was observed at later time points following AAV vector transduction. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensor MDA5 was necessary for innate immune response activation and that transient knockdown of MDA5, or MAVS, decreased IFN-β expression while increasing transgene production in AAV-transduced cells. These results both highlight the role of the dsRNA-triggered innate immune response in therapeutic transgene expression at later time points following AAV transduction and facilitate the execution of effective strategies to block the dsRNA innate immune response in future clinical trials.
BIG DATA (KATTA HAJMLI MALUMOTLAR)NI SOGʻLIQNI SAQLASH SOHASIDAGI OʻRNI
Creators: name: Bekturidyev, Sanjarbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Katta hajmli ma’lumotlar (big data) sogʻliqni saqlash sohasida inqilobiy oʻzgarishlarni olib kirmoqda. Ushbu maqola katta hajmli ma’lumotlarning tibbiy amaliyotda, diagnostikada, profilaktikada va davolash jarayonlarida qanday qo'llanilayotganiga e'tibor qaratadi. Maqolada tibbiy ma’lumotlar tahlili yordamida kasalliklarning erta aniqlanishi va davolash strategiyalarini individualizatsiya qilish imkoniyatlari koʻrib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, katta hajmli ma’lumotlarning tibbiyot tadqiqotlari va innovatsiyalarida qanday roʻl oʻynashi, hamda ularning sogʻliqni saqlash tizimini modernizatsiya qilishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Katta hajmli ma’lumotlar texnologiyalarining tibbiy muassasalar samaradorligini oshirish, resurslarni optimal taqsimlash va sogʻliqni saqlash xizmatlari sifatini yaxshilashdagi imkoniyatlari ham muhokama qilinadi.
title: Performance and Degradation Mechanisms of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Turbine Blades: a Review of Onera Activities
Creators: name: Bacos, M.-P.
name: Dorvaux, J.-M.
name: Lavigne, O.
name: Mévrel, R.
name: Poulain, M.
name: Rio, C.
name: Vidal-Sétif, M.-H.
Publisher: name: ONERA
Year: 2011

description: Thermal barrier coatings are used to protect blades and vanes in the hot
sections of gas turbines. They consist of a thick porous ceramic layer
deposited on a alumina forming metallic bond coat in contact with the nickel-
based superalloy substrate. They are designed to prolong the components
lifetimes or to increase gas temperature, and therefore efficiency. In
service, the structure and composition of the various layers evolve, due to
sintering of the ceramic layer, oxidation of the bond coat, and interdiffusion
phenomena with the substrate. As a result, the properties of each layer are
affected, as is the interfacial toughness. These evolutions, combined with
applied external stresses, may lead to bond coat rumpling, crack formation at
the bond coat/ceramic interface and the ceramic layer may eventually spall
off. In addition to these intrinsic degradation modes, interactions with the
environment can accelerate the system degradation. This paper reviews the
aging phenomena occurring in thermal barrier coatings at high temperatures
and describes their degradation mechanisms, with illustrations from service
experience and laboratory tests.
description: Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 3, November 2011; ISSN: 2107-6596
Investigation of tunable acetalated dextran microparticle platform to optimize M2e-based influenza vaccine efficacy
Creators: name: Chen, N.
name: Gallovic, M.D.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Ainslie, K.M.
name: Bachelder, E.M.
name: Tiet, P.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2018

description: Influenza places a significant health and economic burden on society. Efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines can be suboptimal due to poor matching between vaccine and circulating viral strains. An influenza vaccine that is broadly protective against multiple virus strains would significantly improve vaccine efficacy. The highly conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) and 3′3′ cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) were selected as the antigen and adjuvant, respectively, to develop the basis for a potential universal influenza vaccine. The magnitude and kinetics of adaptive immune responses can have great impact on vaccine efficacy. M2e and cGAMP were therefore formulated within acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) of varying degradation profiles to examine the effect of differential vaccine delivery on humoral, cellular, and protective immunity. All Ace-DEX MP vaccines containing M2e and cGAMP elicited potent humoral and cellular responses in vivo and offered substantial protection against a lethal influenza challenge, suggesting significant vaccine efficacy. Serum antibodies from Ace-DEX MP vaccinated mice also demonstrated cross reactivity against M2e sequences of various viral strains, which indicates the potential for broadly protective immunity. Of all the formulations tested, the slowest-degrading M2e or cGAMP MPs elicited the greatest antibody production, cellular response, and protection against a viral challenge. This indicated the importance of flexible control over antigen and adjuvant delivery. Overall, robust immune responses, cross reactivity against multiple viral strains, and tunable delivery profiles make the Ace-DEX MP platform a powerful subunit vaccine delivery system.
A robust microparticle platform for a STING-targeted adjuvant that enhances both humoral and cellular immunity during vaccination
Creators: name: Sempowski, G.D.
name: Collier, M.A.
name: Cheng, N.
name: Gallovic, M.D.
name: Shterev, I.
name: Junkins, R.D.
name: Ainslie, K.M.
name: Johnson, B.M.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: McGee, C.E.
name: Bachelder, E.M.
name: David, C.N.
name: Watkins-Schulz, R.
name: McKinnon, K.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2018

description: Most FDA-approved adjuvants for infectious agents boost humoral but not cellular immunity, and have poorly-understood mechanisms. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING, also known as MITA, MPYS, or ERIS) is an exciting adjuvant target due to its role in cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-driven anti-viral immunity; however, a major hindrance is STING's cytosolic localization which requires intracellular delivery of its agonists. As a result, STING agonists administered in a soluble form have elicited suboptimal immune responses. Delivery of STING agonists via particle platforms has proven a more successful strategy, but the opportunity for improved formulations and bioactivity remains. In this study we evaluated the adjuvant activity of the potent STING agonist, CDN 3′3′-cGAMP (cGAMP), encapsulated in acid-sensitive acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) polymeric microparticles (MPs) which passively target antigen-presenting cells for intracellular release. This formulation was superior to all particle delivery systems evaluated and maintained its bioactivity following a sterilizing dose of gamma irradiation. Compared to soluble cGAMP, the Ace-DEX cGAMP MPs enhanced type-I interferon responses nearly 1000-fold in vitro and 50-fold in vivo, caused up to a 104-fold boost in antibody titers, increased Th1-associated responses, and expanded germinal center B cells and memory T cells. Furthermore, the encapsulated cGAMP elicited no observable toxicity in animals and achieved protective immunity against a lethal influenza challenge seven months post-immunization when using CDN adjuvant doses up to 100-fold lower than previous reports. For these reasons, Ace-DEX MP-encapsulated cGAMP represents a potent vaccine adjuvant of humoral and cellular immunity.
Weiqi games as a tree: Zipf's law of openings and beyond
Creators: name: Xu, Li-Gong
name: Li, Ming-Xia
name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weiqi is one of the most complex board games played by two persons. The placement strategies adopted by Weiqi players are often used to analog the philosophy of human wars. Contrary to the western chess, Weiqi games are less studied by academics partially because Weiqi is popular only in East Asia, especially in China, Japan and Korea. Here, we propose to construct a directed tree using a database of extensive Weiqi games and perform a quantitative analysis of the Weiqi tree. We find that the popularity distribution of Weiqi openings with a same number of moves is distributed according to a power law and the tail exponent increases with the number of moves. Intriguingly, the superposition of the popularity distributions of Weiqi openings with the number of moves no more than a given number also has a power-law tail in which the tail exponent increases with the number of moves, and the superposed distribution approaches to the Zipf law. These findings are the same as for chess and support the conjecture that the popularity distribution of board game openings follows the Zipf law with a universal exponent. We also find that the distribution of out-degrees has a power-law form, the distribution of branching ratios has a very complicated pattern, and the distribution of uniqueness scores defined by the path lengths from the root vertex to the leaf vertices exhibits a unimodal shape. Our work provides a promising direction for the study of the decision making process of Weiqi playing from the angle of directed branching tree.
description: 6 Latex pages including 6 figures
Refined nuclear magnetic dipole moment of rhenium: $^{185}$Re and $^{187}$Re
Creators: name: Skripnikov, Leonid V.
name: Prosnyak, Sergey D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The refined values of the magnetic dipole moments of $^{185}$Re and $^{187}$Re nuclei are obtained. For this, we perform a combined relativistic coupled cluster and density functional theory calculation of the shielding constant for the ReO$_4^-$ anion. In this calculation, we explicitly include the effect of the finite nuclear magnetization distribution in the single-particle nuclear model using the Woods-Saxon potential for the valence nucleon. By combining the obtained value of the shielding constant $σ=4069(389)$~ppm with the available experimental nuclear magnetic resonance data we obtain the values: $μ(^{185}{\rm Re})=3.1567(3)(12) μ_N, μ(^{187}{\rm Re})=3.1891(3)(12) μ_N$, where the first uncertainty is the experimental one and the second is due to theory. The refined values of magnetic moments are in disagreement with the tabulated values, $μ(^{185}{\rm Re})=3.1871(3) μ_N, μ(^{187}{\rm Re})=3.2197(3) μ_N$, which were obtained using the shielding constant value calculated for the atomic cation Re$^{7+}$ rather than the molecular anion. The updated values of the nuclear magnetic moments resolve the disagreement between theoretical predictions of the hyperfine structure of H-like rhenium ions which were based on the tabulated magnetic moment values and available experimental measurements. Using these experimental data we also extract the value of the parameter of nuclear magnetization distribution introduced in [J. Chem. Phys. \textbf{153}, 114114 (2020)], which is required to predict hyperfine structure constants for rhenium compounds.
Smoothed instrumental variables quantile regression
Creators: name: Kaplan, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article, I introduce the sivqr command, which estimates the coefficients of the instrumental variables (IV) quantile regression model introduced by Chernozhukov and Hansen (2005). The sivqr command offers several advantages over the existing ivqreg and ivqreg2 commands for estimating this IV quantile regression model, which complements the alternative "triangular model" behind cqiv and the "local quantile treatment effect" model of ivqte. Computationally, sivqr implements the smoothed estimator of Kaplan and Sun (2017), who show that smoothing improves both computation time and statistical accuracy. Standard errors are computed analytically or by Bayesian bootstrap; for non-iid sampling, sivqr is compatible with bootstrap. I discuss syntax and the underlying methodology, and I compare sivqr with other commands in an example.
description: accepted manuscript
Magnetised Winds in Transition Discs I: 2.5D Global Simulations
Creators: name: Martel, Étienne
name: Lesur, Geoffroy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protoplanetary discs (PPDs) are cold, dense and weakly ionised environments that witness the planetary formation. Among these discs, transition discs (TDs) are characterised by a wide cavity in the dust and gas distribution. Despite this lack of material, many TDs strongly accrete onto their central star, possibly indicating that a mechanism is driving fast accretion in TDs cavities. The presence of radially extended 'dead zones' in PPDs recently revived the interest in magnetised disc winds (MDWs), where accretion is driven by a large magnetic field. We propose that TDs could be subject to similar winds, explaining their fast-accreting and long-lived cavities. We present the results of the first 2.5D global numerical simulations of TDs harbouring MDWs using the PLUTO code. We impose a cavity in the gas distribution and consider a power law distribution for the large-scale magnetic field strength. We assume weakly ionised discs subject to ambipolar diffusion, as expected in this range of densities and temperatures. Our simulated TDs reach a steady state with an inner cavity and an outer 'standard' disc. The accretion rates remain approximately constant through the entire discs, reaching $10^{-7}~M_\odot/\text{yrs}^{-1}$ for typical surface density values. The MDW launched from the cavity is more magnetised with a much larger lever arm than the MDW launched from the outer disc. The material in the cavity is accreted at sonic velocities, and the cavity itself is rotating at 70% of the Keplerian velocity due to the efficient magnetic braking imposed by the MDW. Overall, our cavity matches the dynamical properties of an inner jet emitting disc (JED) and of magnetically arrested discs (MADs) in black hole physics. Finally, kinematic diagnostics (wind speeds, orbital and accretion velocities) could disentangle classical photo-evaporation from MDW models.
description: 25 pages, 30 figures, accepted to A&A
Mobile robots sampling algorithms for monitoring of insects populations in agricultural fields
Creators: name: Yehoshua, Adi
name: Edan, Yael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Plant diseases are major causes of production losses and may have a significant impact on the agricultural sector. Detecting pests as early as possible can help increase crop yields and production efficiency. Several robotic monitoring systems have been developed allowing to collect data and provide a greater understanding of environmental processes. An agricultural robot can enable accurate timely detection of pests, by traversing the field autonomously and monitoring the entire cropped area within a field. However, in many cases it is impossible to sample all plants due to resource limitations. In this thesis, the development and evaluation of several sampling algorithms are presented to address the challenge of an agriculture-monitoring ground robot designed to locate insects in an agricultural field, where complete sampling of all the plants is infeasible. Two situations were investigated in simulation models that were specially developed as part of this thesis: where no a-priori information on the insects is available and where prior information on the insects distributions within the field is known. For the first situation, seven algorithms were tested, each utilizing an approach to sample the field without prior knowledge of it. For the second situation, we present the development and evaluation of a dynamic sampling algorithm which utilizes real-time information to prioritize sampling at suspected points, locate hot spots and adapt sampling plans accordingly. The algorithm's performance was compared to two existing algorithms using Tetranychidae insect data from previous research. Analyses revealed that the dynamic algorithm outperformed the others.
Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Codelivery of STING and TLR7/8 Agonists
Creators: name: Johnson, B.M.
name: Johnson, M.M.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Gallovic, M.D.
name: Collier, M.A.
name: MacIntyre, A.N.
name: Bachelder, E.M.
name: Ainslie, K.M.
name: Sempowski, G.D.
name: Junkins, R.D.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2018

description: Vaccines are the most effective tool for preventing infectious diseases; however, subunit vaccines, considered the safest type, suffer from poor immunogenicity and require adjuvants to create a strong and sustained immune response. As adjuvants, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) offer potent immunostimulatory properties and defined mechanisms of action through their cognate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Their activity can be further enhanced through combining two or more PAMPs, particularly those that activate multiple immune signaling pathways. However, the cytosolic localization of many PRRs requires intracellular delivery of PAMPs for optimal biological activity, which is particularly true of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) PRR. Using acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs) encapsulating STING agonist 3′3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) combined with soluble PAMPS, we screened the effect of codelivery of adjuvants using primary mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). We identified that codelivery of cGAMP MPs and soluble Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) elicited the broadest cytokine response. cGAMP and R848 were then coencapsulated within Ace-DEX MPs via electrospray. Using the model antigen ovalbumin, we observed that Ace-DEX MPs coencapsulating cGAMP and R848 (cGAMP/R848 Ace-DEX MPs) induced antigen-specific cellular immunity, and a balanced Th1/Th2 humoral response that was greater than cGAMP Ace-DEX MPs alone and PAMPs delivered in separate MPs. These data indicate that polymeric Ace-DEX MPs loaded with STING and TLR7/8 agonists represent a potent cellular and humoral vaccine adjuvant.
Write It Like You See It: Detectable Differences in Clinical Notes By Race Lead To Differential Model Recommendations
Creators: name: Adam, Hammaad
name: Yang, Ming Ying
name: Cato, Kenrick
name: Baldini, Ioana
name: Senteio, Charles
name: Celi, Leo Anthony
name: Zeng, Jiaming
name: Singh, Moninder
name: Ghassemi, Marzyeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Clinical notes are becoming an increasingly important data source for machine learning (ML) applications in healthcare. Prior research has shown that deploying ML models can perpetuate existing biases against racial minorities, as bias can be implicitly embedded in data. In this study, we investigate the level of implicit race information available to ML models and human experts and the implications of model-detectable differences in clinical notes. Our work makes three key contributions. First, we find that models can identify patient self-reported race from clinical notes even when the notes are stripped of explicit indicators of race. Second, we determine that human experts are not able to accurately predict patient race from the same redacted clinical notes. Finally, we demonstrate the potential harm of this implicit information in a simulation study, and show that models trained on these race-redacted clinical notes can still perpetuate existing biases in clinical treatment decisions.
Precessing jet nozzle connecting to a spinning black hole in M87
Creators: name: Cui, Yuzhu
name: Hada, Kazuhiro
name: Kawashima, Tomohisa
name: Kino, Motoki
name: Lin, Weikang
name: Mizuno, Yosuke
name: Ro, Hyunwook
name: Honma, Mareki
name: Yi, Kunwoo
name: Yu, Jintao
name: Park, Jongho
name: Jiang, Wu
name: Shen, Zhiqiang
name: Kravchenko, Evgeniya
name: Algaba, Juan-Carlos
name: Cheng, Xiaopeng
name: Cho, Ilje
name: Giovannini, Gabriele
name: Giroletti, Marcello
name: Jung, Taehyun
name: Lu, Ru-Sen
name: Niinuma, Kotaro
name: Oh, Junghwan
name: Ohsuga, Ken
name: Sawada-Satoh, Satoko
name: Sohn, Bong Won
name: Takahashi, Hiroyuki R.
name: Takamura, Mieko
name: Tazaki, Fumie
name: Trippe, Sascha
name: Wajima, Kiyoaki
name: Akiyama, Kazunori
name: An, Tao
name: Asada, Keiichi
name: Buttaccio, Salvatore
name: Byun, Do-Young
name: Cui, Lang
name: Hagiwara, Yoshiaki
name: Hirota, Tomoya
name: Hodgson, Jeffrey
name: Kawaguchi, Noriyuki
name: Kim, Jae-Young
name: Lee, Sang-Sung
name: Lee, Jee Won
name: Lee, Jeong Ae
name: Maccaferri, Giuseppe
name: Melis, Andrea
name: Melnikov, Alexey
name: Migoni, Carlo
name: Oh, Se-Jin
name: Sugiyama, Koichiro
name: Wang, Xuezheng
name: Zhang, Yingkang
name: Chen, Zhong
name: Hwang, Ju-Yeon
name: Jung, Dong-Kyu
name: Kim, Hyo-Ryoung
name: Kim, Jeong-Sook
name: Kobayashi, Hideyuki
name: Li, Bin
name: Li, Guanghui
name: Li, Xiaofei
name: Liu, Zhiyong
name: Liu, Qinghui
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Oh, Chung-Sik
name: Oyama, Tomoaki
name: Roh, Duk-Gyoo
name: Wang, Jinqing
name: Wang, Na
name: Wang, Shiqiang
name: Xia, Bo
name: Yan, Hao
name: Yeom, Jae-Hwan
name: Yonekura, Yoshinori
name: Yuan, Jianping
name: Zhang, Hua
name: Zhao, Rongbing
name: Zhong, Weiye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby radio galaxy M87 offers a unique opportunity to explore the connections between the central supermassive black hole and relativistic jets. Previous studies of the inner region of M87 revealed a wide opening angle for the jet originating near the black hole. The Event Horizon Telescope resolved the central radio source and found an asymmetric ring structure consistent with expectations from General Relativity. With a baseline of 17 years of observations, there was a shift in the jet's transverse position, possibly arising from an eight to ten-year quasi-periodicity. However, the origin of this sideways shift remains unclear. Here we report an analysis of radio observations over 22 years that suggests a period of about 11 years in the position angle variation of the jet. We infer that we are seeing a spinning black hole that induces the Lense-Thirring precession of a misaligned accretion disk. Similar jet precession may commonly occur in other active galactic nuclei but has been challenging to detect owing to the small magnitude and long period of the variation.
description: 41 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables
Optimal broad-band frequency conversion via a magnomechanical transducer
Creators: name: Engelhardt, F.
name: Bittencourt, V. A. S. V.
name: Huebl, H.
name: Klein, O.
name: Kusminskiy, S. Viola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Developing schemes for efficient and broad-band frequency conversion of quantum signals is an ongoing challenge in the field of modern quantum information. Especially the coherent conversion between microwave and optical signals is an important milestone towards long-distance quantum communication. In this work, we propose a two-stage conversion protocol, employing a resonant interaction between magnetic and mechanical excitations as a mediator between microwave and optical photons. Based on estimates for the coupling strengths under optimized conditions for yttrium iron garnet, we predict close to unity conversion efficiency without the requirement of matching cooperativities. We predict a conversion bandwidth in the regions of largest efficiency on the order of magnitude of the coupling strengths which can be further increased at the expense of reduced conversion efficiency.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
$Λ_b \to p \ell^- \barν_\ell$ and $Λ_b \to Λ_c \ell^- \barν_\ell$ form factors from lattice QCD with relativistic heavy quarks
Creators: name: Detmold, William
name: Lehner, Christoph
name: Meinel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the $Λ_b \to p \ell^- \barν_\ell$ and $Λ_b \to Λ_c \ell^- \barν_\ell$ decay rates can be used to determine the magnitudes of the CKM matrix elements $V_{ub}$ and $V_{cb}$, provided that the relevant hadronic form factors are known. Here we present a precise calculation of these form factors using lattice QCD with 2+1 flavors of dynamical domain-wall fermions. The $b$ and $c$ quarks are implemented with relativistic heavy-quark actions, allowing us to work directly at the physical heavy-quark masses. The lattice computation is performed for six different pion masses and two different lattice spacings, using gauge-field configurations generated by the RBC and UKQCD collaborations. The $b \to u$ and $b \to c$ currents are renormalized with a mostly nonperturbative method. We extrapolate the form factor results to the physical pion mass and the continuum limit, parametrizing the $q^2$-dependence using $z$-expansions. The form factors are presented in such a way as to enable the correlated propagation of both statistical and systematic uncertainties into derived quantities such as differential decay rates and asymmetries. Using these form factors, we present predictions for the $Λ_b \to p \ell^- \barν_\ell$ and $Λ_b \to Λ_c \ell^- \barν_\ell$ differential and integrated decay rates. Combined with experimental data, our results enable determinations of $|V_{ub}|$, $|V_{cb}|$, and $|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|$ with theory uncertainties of 4.4%, 2.2%, and 4.9%, respectively.
description: 40 pages, 15 figures, form factor parameters included as ancillary files. v3: new definitions of z-expansion parameters t_+ and other minor improvements
Packet Header Recognition Utilizing an All-Optical Reservoir Based on Reinforcement-Learning-Optimized Double-Ring Resonator
Creators: name: Li, Zheng
name: Zhou, Xiaoyan
name: Li, Zongze
name: Peng, Guanju
name: Guo, Yuhao
name: Zhang, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optical packet header recognition is an important signal processing task of optical communication networks. In this work, we propose an all-optical reservoir, consisting of integrated double-ring resonators (DRRs) as nodes, for fast and accurate optical packet header recognition. As the delay-bandwidth product (DBP) of the node is a key figure-of-merit in the reservoir, we adopt a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to maximize the DBPs for various types of DRRs, which has the advantage of full parameter space optimization and fast convergence speed. Intriguingly, the optimized DBPs of the DRRs in cascaded, parallel, and embedded configurations reach the same maximum value, which is believed to be the global maximum. Finally, 3-bit and 6-bit packet header recognition tasks are performed with the all-optical reservoir consisting of the optimized cascaded rings, which have greatly reduced chip size and the desired "flat-top" delay spectra. Using this optical computing scheme, word-error rates as low as 5*10-4 and 9*10-4 are achieved for 3-bit and 6-bit packet header recognition tasks, respectively, which are one order of magnitude better than the previously reported values.
description: Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE),2023
Observing phase jumps of solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Ohi, Kazuma
name: Watabe, Shohei
name: Nikuni, Tetsuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase difference of the macroscopic wave function is a unique structure of the soliton in an atomic Bose--Einstein condensate (BEC). However, experiments on ultracold atoms so far have observed the valley of the density profile to study the dynamics of solitons. We propose a method to observe the phase difference of a soliton in a BEC by using an interference technique with Raman and rf pulses. We introduce a phase jump factor, which is an indicator to measure the phase difference between two points. It is demonstrated by using the projected Gross--Pitaevskii equation that an interference density ratio, the density ratio of two-component BECs after the Raman and rf pulses, reproduces the phase jump factor well. This technique will become an alternative method to study the decay and breakdown of a phase imprinted soliton in atomic BECs.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
An affine Birkhoff--Kellogg type result in cones with applications to functional differential equations
Creators: name: Calamai, Alessandro
name: Infante, Gennaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47H10, secondary 34K10, 34B10, 34B18

description: In this short note we prove, by means of classical fixed point index, an affine version of a Birkhoff--Kellogg type theorem in cones. We apply our result to discuss the solvability of a class of boundary value problems for functional differential equations subject to functional boundary conditions. We illustrate our theoretical results in an example.
description: 11 pages
On the effective metric of axial black hole perturbations in DHOST gravity
Creators: name: Langlois, David
name: Noui, Karim
name: Roussille, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study axial (or odd-parity) perturbations about static and spherically symmetric hairy black hole (BH) solutions in shift-symmetric DHOST (Degenerate Higher-Order Scalar-Tensor) theories. We first extend to the family of DHOST theories the first-order formulation that we recently developed for Horndeski theories. Remarkably, we find that the dynamics of DHOST axial perturbations is equivalent to that of axial perturbations in general relativity (GR) evolving in a, distinct, effective metric. In the particular case of quadratic DHOST theories, this effective metric is derived from the background BH metric via a disformal transformation. We illustrate our general study with three examples of BH solutions. In some so-called stealth solutions, the effective metric is Schwarzschild with a shifted horizon. We also give an example of BH solution for which the effective metric is associated with a naked singularity.
description: Version accepted in JCAP
Plastic Spotter: Successes and challenges of co-creating a local citizen science project on plastic pollution
Creators: name: Rambonnet, Liselotte
name: Hiemstra, Auke-Florian
name: Siepman, Daniël
name: van Emmerik, Tim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: plastic pollution
citizen science
macroplastics
plastic soup
the Netherlands

description: Initiated and co-created by the public, the citizen science project Plastic Spotter maps the hotspots and sources of plastic pollution in the canals of Leiden, The Netherlands. It connects already existing bottom-up grassroots movements and top-down science to study this problem. Bringing these and also other local stakeholders like restaurant owners and municipality together is important to tackle the issue and create more impact but is also challenging. This poster presents the project its approach and some of its best practices and challenges.
A spike in inflammation
Creators: name: Johnson, B.M.
name: Junkins, R.D.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2018

description: The innate immune system is the first line of defence against invading microorganisms. Specialized immune cells, primarily myeloid cells, sense conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to coordinate an immune response. One important class of PRRs is the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) proteins. In the presence of pathogens, NLR proteins trigger the formation of the inflammasome. This large macromolecular complex has caspase-1 activity, which stimulates production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, leading to inflammation and inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). Extensive work has characterized the biochemical cues that activate immunity through PRRs such as NLRs. However, in addition to conserved molecular patterns, pathogens also adopt conserved shapes and surface structures. For example, some bacteria have complex surface topographies created through nanofeatures such as flagella, pili and fimbriae. It has long been hypothesized that these physical cues are also sensed by the immune system through PRRs, but definitive experimental proof has remained elusive, partly because of the difficulties in separating the physical and biochemical immunological inputs produced by these natural structures.
The invariant action for solitonic 5-branes
Creators: name: Musaev, Edvard T.
name: Molina, Jeffrey P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the full effective action including DBI and WZ terms for solitonic 5-branes covariant under T-duality. The result is a completion of results known in the literature to a full T-duality covariant expression. The covariant WZ action includes previously omitted R-R terms. The obtained full covariant effective action reproduces the one obtained by S-duality from the D5-brane upon the correct choice of the covariant charge.
Magnetism and berry phase manipulation in an emergent structure of perovskite ruthenate by (111) strain engineering
Creators: name: Ding, Zhaoqing
name: Chen, Xuejiao
name: Wang, Zhenzhen
name: Zhang, Qinghua
name: Yang, Fang
name: Bi, Jiachang
name: Lin, Ting
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Wu, Xiaofeng
name: Gu, Minghui
name: Meng, Meng
name: Cao, Yanwei
name: Gu, Lin
name: Zhang, Jiandi
name: Zhong, Zhicheng
name: Liu, Xiaoran
name: Guo, Jiandong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay among symmetry of lattices, electronic correlations, and Berry phase of the Bloch states in solids has led to fascinating quantum phases of matter. A prototypical system is the magnetic Weyl candidate SrRuO3, where designing and creating electronic and topological properties on artificial lattice geometry is highly demanded yet remains elusive. Here, we establish an emergent trigonal structure of SrRuO3 by means of heteroepitaxial strain engineering along the [111] crystallographic axis. Distinctive from bulk, the trigonal SrRuO3 exhibits a peculiar XY-type ferromagnetic ground state, with the coexistence of high-mobility holes likely from linear Weyl bands and low-mobility electrons from normal quadratic bands as carriers. The presence of Weyl nodes are further corroborated by capturing intrinsic anomalous Hall effect, acting as momentum-space sources of Berry curvatures. The experimental observations are consistent with our first-principles calculations, shedding light on the detailed band topology of trigonal SrRuO3 with multiple pairs of Weyl nodes near the Fermi level. Our findings signify the essence of magnetism and Berry phase manipulation via lattice design and pave the way towards unveiling nontrivial correlated topological phenomena.
Arp2/3 Complex Is Required for Macrophage Integrin Functions but Is Dispensable for FcR Phagocytosis and In Vivo Motility
Creators: name: Ting, J.P.
name: Cheng, N.
name: Brighton, H.E.
name: Bear, J.E.
name: Craig, S.L.
name: Rotty, J.D.
name: Asokan, S.B.
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2017

description: The Arp2/3 complex nucleates branched actin, forming networks involved in lamellipodial protrusion, phagocytosis, and cell adhesion. We derived primary bone marrow macrophages lacking Arp2/3 complex (Arpc2−/−) and directly tested its role in macrophage functions. Despite protrusion and actin assembly defects, Arpc2−/− macrophages competently phagocytose via FcR and chemotax toward CSF and CX3CL1. However, CR3 phagocytosis and fibronectin haptotaxis, both integrin-dependent processes, are disrupted. Integrin-responsive actin assembly and αM/β2 integrin localization are compromised in Arpc2−/− cells. Using an in vivo system to observe endogenous monocytes migrating toward full-thickness ear wounds we found that Arpc2−/− monocytes maintain cell speeds and directionality similar to control. Our work reveals that the Arp2/3 complex is not a general requirement for phagocytosis or chemotaxis but is a critical driver of integrin-dependent processes. We demonstrate further that cells lacking Arp2/3 complex function in vivo remain capable of executing important physiological responses that require rapid directional motility. Using a combination of cell culture-based and in vivo mouse experiments, Rotty et al. demonstrate that the actin-nucleating Arp2/3 complex is not absolutely required for macrophage FcR phagocytosis, chemotaxis, or in vivo monocyte directional motility. Rather, the complex has a critical role in regulating integrin-dependent macrophage processes.
RaTG13 is an emperor with no clothes?
Creators: name: Castaldi, Carlo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, RaTG13, Li-Meng Yan,
Nature Magazine, ZC45, ZXC21, Yunnan Province,
Unrestricted Bioweapon, Unusual Features of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome, MIT, Johns Hopkins

description: Review of allegation made by Yan et al. that RaTG13 is a fraud. https://zenodo.org/record/4028830#.X4tz2EJKjuQ; https://zenodo.org/record/4073131#.X4tz9EJKjuQ Yan et al. claim in their two papers - Unusual Features, etc, and Unrestricted Bioweapon, etc (also found on Zenodo) - that RaTG13 is a fraud proposed to the scientific community by the Chinese Communist Party. This paper evaluates this specific and limited claim without reference to Yan et al.'s bolder and broader claims that COVID-19 is a bioweapon explicitly created and disseminated by the CCP in contravention of international law. My paper explicitly challenges the scientific community to either confirm or disavow the existence of RaTG13. Without engaging in every aspect of the question, as things currently stand, RaTG13 stands discredited. It is time to show that RaTG13 existed before being hastily fabricated by Zhou et al. in response to the implicit suggestion of Wu et al. that COVID-19 originated in a laboratory. Either RaTG13 existed on 6 Jan 2020 or it did not: The jig is up.
A noncanonical function of cGAMP in inflammasome priming and activation
Creators: name: Morabiti, R.E.
name: Benedict, C.A.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Kurkjian, C.J.
name: Swanson, K.V.
name: Barber, G.N.
name: Junkins, R.D.
name: Holley-Guthrie, E.
name: Pendse, A.A.
name: Petrucelli, A.
Publisher: name: Rockefeller University Press
Year: 2017

description: Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns by host cells is an important step in innate immune activation. The DNA sensor cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) binds to DNA and produces cGAMP, which in turn binds to stimulator of interferon genes (STI N G) to activate IFN-I. Here we show that cGAMP has a noncanonical function in inflammasome activation in human and mouse cells. Inflammasome activation requires two signals, both of which are activated by cGAMP. cGAMP alone enhances expression of inflammasome components through IFN-I, providing the priming signal. Additionally, when combined with a priming signal, cGAMP activates the inflammasome through an AIM2, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 dependent process. These two cGAMP-mediated functions, priming and activation, have differential requirements for STI N G. Temporally, cGAMP induction of IFN-I precedes inflammasome activation, which then occurs when IFN-I is waning. In mice, cGAS/cGAMP amplify both inflammasome and IFN-I to control murine cytomegalovirus. Thus, cGAMP activates the inflammasome in addition to IFN-I, and activation of both is needed to control infection by a DNA virus.
Thermodynamic graph-rewriting
Creators: name: Danos, Vincent
name: Harmer, Russell
name: Honorato-Zimmer, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We develop a new thermodynamic approach to stochastic graph-rewriting. The ingredients are a finite set of reversible graph-rewriting rules called generating rules, a finite set of connected graphs P called energy patterns and an energy cost function. The idea is that the generators define the qualitative dynamics, by showing which transformations are possible, while the energy patterns and cost function specify the long-term probability $π$ of any reachable graph. Given the generators and energy patterns, we construct a finite set of rules which (i) has the same qualitative transition system as the generators; and (ii) when equipped with suitable rates, defines a continuous-time Markov chain of which $π$ is the unique fixed point. The construction relies on the use of site graphs and a technique of `growth policy' for quantitative rule refinement which is of independent interest. This division of labour between the qualitative and long-term quantitative aspects of the dynamics leads to intuitive and concise descriptions for realistic models (see the examples in S4 and S5). It also guarantees thermodynamical consistency (AKA detailed balance), otherwise known to be undecidable, which is important for some applications. Finally, it leads to parsimonious parameterizations of models, again an important point in some applications.