cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Velocity Measurement Using a Dual Axis Millimeter-Wave Interferometric Radar
Creators: name: Merlo, Jason
name: Klinefelter, Eric
name: Nanzer, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, a method for directly measuring target velocity in three dimensions using a dual axis correlation interferometric radar is presented. Recent advances have shown that the measurement of a target's angular velocity is possible by correlating the signals measured at spatially diverse aperture locations. By utilizing multiple orthogonal baselines and using conventional Doppler velocity methods to obtain radial velocity, a full three-dimensional velocity vector can be obtained using only three receive antennas and a single transmitter, without the need for tracking. A $\text{41.8 GHz}$ dual axis interferometric radar with a $7.26λ$ antenna baseline is presented along with measurements of a target moving parallel to the plane of the radar array, and of a target moving with components of both radial and tangential velocity. These experiments achieved total velocity root-mean-square errors of $\text{41.01 mm}\cdot\text{s}^{-1}$ ($10.5\%$) for a target moving along a plane parallel to the array, and $\text{45.07 mm}\cdot\text{s}^{-1}$ ($13.5\%$) for a target moving with components of radial and tangential motion relative to the array; estimated trajectory angle RMSEs of $10.42^\circ$ and $5.11^\circ$ were achieved for each experiment respectively.
Effects of Regional Trade Agreements on Trade in Agrifood Products: Evidence from Gravity Modeling Using Disaggregated Data
Creators: name: Sarker, Rakhal
name: Jayasinghe, Sampath
name: Sarker, Rakhal
name: Jayasinghe, Sampath
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agrifood products
subject: gravity model
subject: NAFTA
subject: North American Free Trade Agreement
subject: regional trade agreements
subject: trade creation
subject: trade diversion

description: The recent proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has intensified the debate on their merits. A growing literature has addressed this policy debate, focusing on the welfare and trade effects of RTAs and their likely impacts on the multilateral trading system. Some view them as stepping-stones toward multilateral trade liberalization while others see them as stumbling blocks against free trade. The existing literature has neglected some important aspects of RTAs dealing with trade in agrifood products. This study analyzes trade creation and diversion effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on trade of six selected agrifood products from 1985 to 2000. The investigation estimates an extended gravity model using pooled cross-sectional time-series regression and generalized least squares methods. The result shows that the share of intraregional trade is growing within NAFTA and that NAFTA has displaced trade with the rest of the world. NAFTA has served to boost trade significantly among its members rather than with the rest of the world. Countries participating in NAFTA have moved toward a lower degree of relative openness in agrifood trade with the rest of the world.
Agricultural Production Clubs: Viability and Welfare Implications
Creators: name: Langinier, Corinne
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Langinier, Corinne
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Asymmetric information
subject: certification
subject: clubs
subject: quality

description: Consumers are in general less informed than producers about the quality of agricultural goods. To reduce he information gap, consumers can rely on standards (e.g., certification) that ensure quality and origin of the goods. These costly standards can be adopted by a group of producers of high-quality goods. We study the formation of such a group that we model as a club. We first investigate under what circumstances a club of a given size is desirable for producers, and for society. We then analyze the optimal size of the club when there exists a direct barrier to entry, and when there is no barrier. We find that for intermediate values of certification costs, the industry and a club of a given size of certified producers have divergent incentives. Furthermore, if barriers to entry are allowed, an optimal size of club exists, which allows some revelation of information. In the absence of barrier to entry, it is less likely that a club will emerge.
Acreage Allocation Model Estimation and Policy Evaluations for Major Crops in Turkey
Creators: name: Koc, A. Ali
name: Koc, A. Ali
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Supply Estimation
subject: Field Crops Supply
subject: Acreage System Estimation
subject: Turkish Agriculture
subject: Agricultural Policy Evaluation

description: This study estimates a system of supply equations for major field crops in Turkey and evaluates alternative agricultural policies for crop supply control. The supply of major field crops in Turkey responds significantly to both own-price and substitute price changes. The Turkish wheat price or gross return is the most important factor determining area allocation in Turkish field crops. Moreover, adopting measures that improve the growth of wheat yields also affect the substitute crops supply unless the price or gross return ratio is readjusted between substitute crops.
How to Promote Quality Perception in Wine Markets: Brand Advertising or Geographical Indication?
Creators: name: Yue, Chengyan
name: Marette, Stephan
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Yue, Chengyan
name: Marette, Stephan
name: Beghin, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: brand advertising
subject: effort
subject: geographical indication
subject: GI
subject: quality
subject: wine

description: In the context of the wine industry, we investigate producers' choice between geographical indications and brand advertising to convey information to consumers. Producers also decide whether or not to select an effort level for improving the quality of their products. We show that if this effort level is selected, a producer will prefer to rely on brand advertising for promoting its products and setting up its own reputation. Despite allowing the cost of promotion to be shared, a geographical indication does not sufficiently reward the effort to improve quality. Finally, the selection of both instruments by producers is examined.
Cornisepta arrepiata Simone & Cunha 2014
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Lepetellida
Fissurellidae
Cornisepta
Cornisepta arrepiata

description: arrepiata, Cornisepta Simone & Cunha, 2014
 Cornisepta arrepiata Simone & Cunha, 2014: 441 (figs 6–16).
Gastropoda, Fissurellidae
 Paratypes (9 spc): MZSP 102943.
 Paratype 1: MZSP 102944.
 Paratype 2: MZSP 102945.
 Localities: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Abrolhos Slope, off Itaúnas, 18°59' S, 37°50' W, 295 m depth, MD55 sta. DC75 (type locality); 1) off Regência, 19°40' S, 37°48' W, 790–940 m, MD55 sta. CB77; 2) off Itaúnas, 18°59' S, 37°48' W, 607–620 m, MD55 sta. DC73; all collected on 27 May 1987.
 Collectors: P. Bouchet, J.H. Leal and B. Métivier.
 Preservation: Dry.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Fear of blame: post-Gove child protection in B.C.
Creators: name: Early, Marsha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study examines how the unprecedented placement of blame on social workers in B.C., following the Report of the Gove Commission into Child Protection in 1995, has affected those workers, by exploring the phenomenon from the point of view of the social workers themselves. By using structural social work theory, with a feminist perspective, the conceptual context is explored in terms of how risk and blame have been constructed and how the relationship between clients and workers, and the treatment of social workers by management have been impacted by that construction. Purposeful criterion sampling was used, applying a snowball approach of recruitment. Ten social workers participated who are or have been recently employed by the Ministry for Children & Families. Data collection occurred through one focus group session as well as individual interviews. Transcripts of the interviews were made from audiotapes. Categorical and holistic content analysis led to identification of participant themes. Findings confirmed fear of blame as a significant contributor to high stress levels but, surprisingly, social workers expressed their belief that a similar fear was frequently behind management decisions. This research provides unique insight into the factors which motivate individuals to do the difficult work of child protection. It also offers an explanation for the ongoing difficulty which government experiences in recruiting and retaining skilled, trained staff, which, if unaddressed, is a serious impediment to the effective delivery of child welfare services in B.C.
Cooperative Formation and Financial Contracting in Agricultural Markets
Creators: name: Hueth, Brent
name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Ginder, Roger G.
name: Hueth, Brent
name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Ginder, Roger G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cooperative
subject: corporate finance
subject: moral hazard
subject: vertical integration

description: Cooperative formation in agriculture sometimes occurs in response to the exit of a private firm and typically requires substantial equity investment by participating farmers. What economic rationale can explain why farmers are willing to contribute capital to an activity that fails to attract non-farm, or "private" investment? We hypothesize that doing so is a costly mechanism for increasing the maximum penalty farmers face in the case of business failure. For a given market environment, exposing farmers to this risk increases the amount of surplus that can be used to repay lenders, thus expanding the set of market environments in which financing is available. We show how equity investment of this sort can be an efficient organizational response to a reduction in expected markets returns and interpret the resulting financial contract as a "cooperative."
Phase transition in Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MONDian) self-gravitating systems
Creators: name: Haghighi, Mohammad H. Zhoolideh
name: Rahvar, Sohrab
name: Tabar, M Reza Rahimi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistical mechanics of binary systems under gravitational interaction of the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) in three-dimensional space. Considering the binary systems, in the microcanonical and canonical ensembles, we show that in the microcanonical systems, unlike the Newtonian gravity, there is a sharp phase transition, with a high-temperature homogeneous phase and a low temperature clumped binary one. Defining an order parameter in the canonical systems, we find a smoother phase transition and identify the corresponding critical temperature in terms of physical parameters of the binary system.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Ensemble based convergence assessment of biomolecular trajectories
Creators: name: Lyman, Edward
name: Zuckerman, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assessing the convergence of a biomolecular simulation is an essential part of any computational investigation. This is because many important quantities (e.g., free energy differences) depend on the relative populations of different conformers; insufficient convergence translates into systematic errors. Here we present a simple method to self-consistently assess the convergence of a simulation. Standard clustering methods first generate a set of reference structures to any desired precision. The trajectory is then classified by proximity to the reference structures, yielding a one-dimensional histogram of structurally distinct populations. Comparing ensembles of different trajectories (or different parts of the same trajectory) built with the same reference structures provides a sensitive, quantitative measure of convergence. Please note: this is a preliminary manuscript, and should be read as such. Comments are most welcome, especially regarding pertinent prior work.
description: Preliminary manuscript, comments desired and welcome
THE DOHA ROUND OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: APPRAISING FURTHER LIBERALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Doha Round
subject: domestic farm program
subject: liberalization
subject: partial equilibrium
subject: trade distortion
subject: World Trade Organization

description: Using the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) modeling system, we investigate the multilateral removal of border taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. We find that agricultural and trade distortions have significant terms-of-trade effects. Terms-of-trade effects caused by trade barriers are much larger than those caused by domestic farm programs. World trade is also significantly impacted. Trade expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable oils. Net agricultural and food exporters, such as Brazil, Australia, and Argentina, emerge with expanded exports, whereas net importing countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by higher world markets prices and reduced imports. The United States gains significant export shares in livestock products and imports more dairy products. Without protection and domestic subsidies, the European Union loses many of its livestock and dairy export markets. The increase in world market prices would offset at least a portion of the subsidies foregone by U.S. producers.
Efficiency Near the Edge: Increasing the Energy Efficiency of FFTs on GPUs for Real-time Edge Computing
Creators: name: Adámek, Karel
name: Novotný, Jan
name: Thiyagalingam, Jeyarajan
name: Armour, Wesley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.4

description: The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is an international initiative for developing the world's largest radio telescope with a total collecting area of over a million square meters. The scale of the operation, combined with the remote location of the telescope, requires the use of energy-efficient computational algorithms. This, along with the extreme data rates that will be produced by the SKA and the requirement for a real-time observing capability, necessitates in-situ data processing in an edge style computing solution. More generally, energy efficiency in the modern computing landscape is becoming of paramount concern. Whether it be the power budget that can limit some of the world's largest supercomputers, or the limited power available to the smallest Internet-of-Things devices. In this paper, we study the impact of hardware frequency scaling on the energy consumption and execution time of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on NVIDIA GPUs using the cuFFT library. The FFT is used in many areas of science and it is one of the key algorithms used in radio astronomy data processing pipelines. Through the use of frequency scaling, we show that we can lower the power consumption of the NVIDIA V100 GPU when computing the FFT by up to 60% compared to the boost clock frequency, with less than a 10% increase in the execution time. Furthermore, using one common core clock frequency for all tested FFT lengths, we show on average a 50% reduction in power consumption compared to the boost core clock frequency with an increase in the execution time still below 10%. We demonstrate how these results can be used to lower the power consumption of existing data processing pipelines. These savings, when considered over years of operation, can yield significant financial savings, but can also lead to a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
description: published in IEEE Access
Multi-layer Residual Sparsifying Transform (MARS) Model for Low-dose CT Image Reconstruction
Creators: name: Yang, Xikai
name: Long, Yong
name: Ravishankar, Saiprasad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Signal models based on sparse representations have received considerable attention in recent years. On the other hand, deep models consisting of a cascade of functional layers, commonly known as deep neural networks, have been highly successful for the task of object classification and have been recently introduced to image reconstruction. In this work, we develop a new image reconstruction approach based on a novel multi-layer model learned in an unsupervised manner by combining both sparse representations and deep models. The proposed framework extends the classical sparsifying transform model for images to a Multi-lAyer Residual Sparsifying transform (MARS) model, wherein the transform domain data are jointly sparsified over layers. We investigate the application of MARS models learned from limited regular-dose images for low-dose CT reconstruction using Penalized Weighted Least Squares (PWLS) optimization. We propose new formulations for multi-layer transform learning and image reconstruction. We derive an efficient block coordinate descent algorithm to learn the transforms across layers, in an unsupervised manner from limited regular-dose images. The learned model is then incorporated into the low-dose image reconstruction phase. Low-dose CT experimental results with both the XCAT phantom and Mayo Clinic data show that the MARS model outperforms conventional methods such as FBP and PWLS methods based on the edge-preserving (EP) regularizer in terms of two numerical metrics (RMSE and SSIM) and noise suppression. Compared with the single-layer learned transform (ST) model, the MARS model performs better in maintaining some subtle details.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures, accepted by Medical Physics. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2005.03825
Competition and Counterterrorism: How the U.S. Can Address Both Terrorism and Russia in West Africa
Creators: name: Headlee, Theodore
Publisher: name: Pericles
Year: 2024

description: Russia’s aggression in Ukraine and the end of the War in Afghanistan have understandably led the U.S. to reorient its foreign policy and security objectives away from counterterrorism to preparing for great power competition. West Africa is a prime example of how U.S. foreign policy must balance counterterrorism with great power competition, and how the latter will compound issues from the former.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Skjelderup, Michael
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1820

description: Vedr. valg av preses og vicepreses. Skjelderup beklager at han ikke har sendt inn noen skrifter til VS
Ultrafast optical melting of trimer superstructure in layered 1T'-TaTe2
Creators: name: Siddiqui, Khalid M.
name: Durham, Daniel B.
name: Cropp, Frederick
name: Ophus, Colin
name: Rajpurohit, Sangeeta
name: Zhu, Yanglin
name: Carlström, Johan D.
name: Stavrakas, Camille
name: Mao, Zhiqiang
name: Raja, Archana
name: Musumeci, Pietro
name: Tan, Liang Z.
name: Minor, Andrew M.
name: Filippetto, Daniele
name: Kaindl, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides are a key platform for exploring emergent nanoscale phenomena arising from complex interactions. Access to the underlying degrees-of-freedom on their natural time scales motivates the use of advanced ultrafast probes sensitive to self-organised atomic-scale patterns. Here, we report the first ultrafast investigation of TaTe2, which exhibits unique charge and lattice trimer order characterised by a transition upon cooling from stripe-like chains into a $(3 \times 3)$ superstructure of trimer clusters. Utilising MeV-scale ultrafast electron diffraction, we capture the photo-induced TaTe2 structural dynamics -- exposing a rapid $\approx\!1.4$ ps melting of its low-temperature ordered state followed by recovery via thermalisation into a hot cluster superstructure. Density-functional calculations indicate that the initial quench is triggered by intra-trimer Ta charge transfer which destabilises the clusters, unlike melting of charge density waves in other TaX2 compounds. Our work paves the way for further exploration and ultimately rapid optical and electronic manipulation of trimer superstructures.
description: Main text and supplementary information: 30 pages, 4 main figures, 24 supplementary figures
Through Einstein's Eyes
Creators: name: Searle, Antony C.
name: Savage, Craig M.
name: Altin, Paul A.
name: Bennet, Francis H.
name: Hush, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a relativistically-accurate computer graphics code and have used it to produce photo-realistic images and videos of scenes where special relativistic effects dominate, either in astrophysical contexts or in imaginary worlds where the speed of light is only a few metres per second. The videos have been integrated into our under-graduate teaching programme for several years. Recently we took the next step, encouraging undergraduate students to use the code to explore relativity, develop their own videos, and eventually package them together into Through Einstein's Eyes, a multimedia CD.
MODELING TARIFF RATE QUOTAS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE CASE OF SUGAR MARKETS IN OECD COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Mitchell, Don
name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Mitchell, Don
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: CGE model
subject: Doha
subject: liberalization
subject: sugar
subject: tariff rate quota
subject: trade negotiations
subject: TRQ

description: We use mixed-complementarity-problem programming to implement tariff rate quotas (TRQs) in the global computable general equilibrium (CGE) Linkage model. We apply the approach to TRQs in sugar markets in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. We calibrate the model on 2000 policy levels for OECD countries to reflect the full implementation of their World Trade Organization commitments. We look at reforms of TRQ and TRQ-like schemes in the European Union, the United States, and Japan, as well as multilateral trade liberalization. We derive the impact of reforms on welfare, bilateral trade flows, and terms of trade. A 33 percent multilateral decrease of ad valorem tariffs, combined with a 33 percent increase in imports under TRQ-like schemes in the European Union, the United States, and Japan, induces a global welfare gain of about $889 million. These three countries' trade policies create substantial trade diversion, which excludes many low-cost producers from trading opportunities. An expansion of their import quotas alone, without multilateral trade liberalization, induces welfare gains but preserves most of the trade diversion patterns. The latter diversion benefits some least-developed countries' producers because of granted bilateral TRQ allocations. In the context of greater market access, reductions in tariffs in the European Union and the United States, and in border "surcharges" in Japan, will have to be dramatic before they can affect trade flows significantly as compared to TRQ expansion. Full multilateral trade liberalization induces global welfare gains of about $3 billion.
Unitary Realizations of U-duality Groups as Conformal and Quasiconformal Groups and Extremal Black Holes of Supergravity Theories
Creators: name: Gunaydin, Murat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the current status of the construction of unitary representations of U-duality groups of supergravity theories in five, four and three dimensions. We focus mainly on the maximal supergravity theories and on the N=2 Maxwell-Einstein supergravity (MESGT) theories defined by Jordan algebras of degree three in five dimensions and their descendants in four and three dimensions. Entropies of the extremal black hole solutions of these theories in five and four dimensions are given by certain invariants of their U-duality groups. The five dimensional U-duality groups admit extensions to spectrum generating generalized conformal groups which are isomorphic to the U-duality groups of corresponding four dimensional theories. Similarly, the U-duality groups of four dimensional theories admit extensions to spectrum generating quasiconformal groups that are isomorphic to the corresponding U-duality groups in three dimensions. We outline the oscillator construction of the unitary representations of generalized conformal groups that admit positive energy representations, which include the U-duality groups of N=2 MESGT's in four dimensions. We conclude with a review of the minimal unitary realizations of U-duality groups that are obtained by quantizations of their quasiconformal actions.
description: 24 pages; latex file
The Low-z Intergalactic Medium. II. LyB, OVI, and CIII Forest
Creators: name: Danforth, Charles W.
name: Shull, J. Michael
name: Rosenberg, Jessica L.
name: Stocke, John T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a large survey of HI, OVI, and CIII absorption lines in the low-redshift (z<0.3) intergalactic medium (IGM). We begin with 171 strong Lyalpha absorption lines (W>80 mA) in 31 AGN sight lines studied with the Hubble Space Telescope and measure corresponding absorption from higher-order Lyman lines with FUSE. Higher-order Lyman lines are used to determine N_HI and b_HI accurately through a curve-of-growth (COG) analysis. We find that the number of HI absorbers per column density bin is a power-law distribution, dN/dN_HI=N^-beta, with beta_HI=1.68+-0.11. We made 40 detections of OVI 1032,1038 and 30 detections of CIII 977 out of 129 and 148 potential absorbers, respectively. The column density distribution of CIII absorbers has beta_CIII=1.68+-0.04, similar to beta_HI but not as steep as beta_OVI=2.1+-0.1. From the absorption-line frequency, dN_CIII/dz=12^+3_-2 for W(CIII)>30 mA, we calculate a typical IGM absorber size r_0~400 kpc. The COG-derived b-values show that HI samples material with T<10^5 K, incompatible with a hot IGM phase. By calculating a grid of CLOUDY models of IGM absorbers with a range of collisional and photoionization parameters, we find it difficult to simultaneously account for the OVI and CIII observations with a single phase. The observations require a multiphase IGM in which HI and CIII arise in photoionized regions, while OVI is produced primarily through shocks. From the multiphase ratio N_HI/N_CIII, we infer the IGM metallicity Z_C=0.12 Z_sun, similar to our previous estimate of Z_O=0.09 Z_sun from OVI.
description: 26 pages including five tables. One color figure. Accepted by ApJ
Das Problem der Gewalt und der gewaltsamen sozialen Veränderung in der ökumenischen Diskussion
Creators: name: Scheuner, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 20 Nr. 2 (1971): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 20, Heft 2
Terebra assu Simone & Cunha 2012
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Terebridae
Terebra
Terebra assu

description: assu, Terebra Simone & Cunha, 2012
 Terebra assu Simone & Cunha, 2012: 772–774 (figs 10A–E).
Gastropoda, Terebridae
 Paratype: MZSP 102598.
 Locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, off Conceição da Barra, Abrolhos Slope, 18°59' S, 37°50' W, MD55 sta. DC 75, 295 m depth, 27 May 1987.
 Collectors: P. Bouchet, J.H. Leal and B. Métivier.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former MNHN, Paris.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
A Blue Straggler Binary System with at least Three Progenitors in the Core of a Globular Cluster?
Creators: name: Knigge, C.
name: Gilliland, R. L.
name: Dieball, A.
name: Zurek, D. R.
name: Shara, M. M.
name: Long, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the X-ray source W31 in the core of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae is physically associated with the bright blue straggler BSS-7. The two sources are astrometrically matched to 0.061\arcsec, with a chance coincidence probability of less than 1%. We then analyse optical time-series photometry obtained with the {\em Hubble Space Telescope} (HST) and find that BSS-7 displays a 1.56 day periodic signal in the I band. We also construct a broad-band (far-ultraviolet through far-red) spectral energy distribution for BSS-7 and fit this with single and binary models. The binary model is a better fit to the data, and we derive the corresponding stellar parameters. All of our findings are consistent with BSS-7 being a detached binary consisting of a blue straggler primary with an X-ray-active, upper-main-sequence companion. The formation of such a system would necessarily involve at least three stars, which is consistent with recent N-body models in which blue stragglers often form via multiple encounters that can involve both single and binary stars. However, we cannot yet entirely rule out the possibility that BSS-7 descended directly from a binary system via mass transfer. The system parameters needed to distinguish definitively between these scenarios may be obtainable from time-resolved spectroscopy.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ; revised version includes a discussion of an alternative 2-progenitor binary evolution scenario, and an appendix discussing other probable/possible BSS/X-ray matches in globular clusters and related sources
Machine learning approach for the search of resonances with topological features at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Dahbi, Salah-eddine
name: Choma, Joshua
name: Mellado, Bruce
name: Mokgatitswane, Gaogalalwe
name: Ruan, Xifeng
name: Lieberman, Benjamin
name: Celik, Turgay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of resonances is unequivocal evidence of new physics beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). So far, inclusive and model dependent searches have not provided evidence of new resonances, indicating that these could be driven by subtle topologies. Here, we use machine learning techniques based on weak supervision to perform searches. Weak supervision based on mixed samples can be used to search for resonances with little or no prior knowledge on the production mechanism. Also, it offers the advantage that sidebands or control regions can be used to effectively model backgrounds with minimal reliance on simulations. However, weak supervision alone is found to be highly inefficient in identifying corners of the multi-dimensional space of interest. Instead, we propose an approach to search for new resonances that involves a classification procedure that is signature and topology based. A combination of weak supervision with Deep Neural Network algorithms are applied following this classification. The performance of this strategy is evaluated on the production of SM Higgs boson decaying to a pair of photons inclusively and in exclusive regions of phase space tailored for specific production modes at the LHC. After verifying the ability of the methodology to extract different SM Higgs boson signal mechanisms, a search for new phenomena in high-mass final states is setup for the LHC.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, This is a preprint of an article accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Empirical Tests of Impacts of Rationing: The Case of Poland in Transition
Creators: name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Johnson, Stanley R.
name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Johnson, Stanley R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: AIDS model
subject: Hicksian
subject: Poland
subject: rationing
subject: transition

description: This study tests the theory of rationing, examining changes in household consumption behavior during the transition to a market economy in Poland, 198792. A model of consumption under rationing is developed and fitted to prereform quarterly data from the Polish Household Budget Survey. Virtual prices, prices at which consumers would have voluntarily chosen the rationed levels of goods, are derived for food and housing. The prereform Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model with rationing is estimated. Estimates from the virtual AIDS yield plausible values for price and income elasticities. The AIDS model (without rationing) is also fitted to postreform quarterly household survey data for comparison and evaluation. When the two sets of results are compared, the impacts of rationing are consistent with the theory. Own-price elasticities for nonrationed goods are larger after the reform, and there is increased complementarity and decreased substitutability for the nonrationed goods. The results for Poland show a 75 percent decline in real household welfare over the transition and this welfare loss is one-third the value obtained using reported prices.
nCTEQ15HIX -- Extending nPDF Analyses into the High-$x$, Low $Q^2$ Region
Creators: name: Segarra, E. P.
name: Ježo, T.
name: Accardi, A.
name: Duwentäster, P.
name: Hen, O.
name: Hobbs, T. J.
name: Keppel, C.
name: Klasen, M.
name: Kovařík, K.
name: Kusina, A.
name: Morfín, J. G.
name: Muzakka, K. F.
name: Olness, F. I.
name: Schienbein, I.
name: Yu, J. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the nCTEQ analysis framework to investigate nuclear Parton Distribution Functions (nPDFs) in the region of large x and intermediate-to-low $Q$, with special attention to recent JLab Deep Inelastic Scattering data on nuclear targets. This data lies in a region which is often excluded by $W$ and $Q$ cuts in global nPDF analyses. As we relax these cuts, we enter a new kinematic region, which requires new phenomenology. In particular, we study the impact of i) target mass corrections, ii) higher twist corrections, iii) deuteron corrections, and iv) the shape of the nuclear PDF parametrization at large-$x$ close to one. Using the above tools, we produce a new nPDF set (named nCTEQ15HIX) which yields a good description of the new JLab data in this challenging kinematic region, and displays reduced uncertainties at large $x$, in particular for up and down quark flavors.
description: 25 pages, 19 figures, 6 tables, 1 auxiliary data file. Version 02: include journal updates
IDENTITY PRESERVATION AND FALSE LABELING IN THE FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN
Creators: name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The paper addresses two issues pertaining to the market differentiation between non-genetically modified (non-GM) and genetically modified (GM) food varieties. First, a cost-efficiency explanation is given for the discrepancy between the observed shares of identity preserved non-GM variety and the total supply of the variety. Second, the analysis shows that when products can be falsely labeled as non-GM, the share of false labeling depends on the level of identity preservation. In this context, the analysis demonstrates that the share of falsely labeled supply can increase in response to harsher fines.
Impact of Changes in Dietary Preferences on U.S. Retail Demand for Beef: Health Concerns and the Role of Media
Creators: name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Mostad, Daniel
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Mostad, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health concerns
subject: media
subject: demand for beef
subject: cointegration
subject: VEC
subject: Granger causality

description: The goal of this study is twofold: to determine if in the long run health concerns affect, via changes in consumer dietary preferences, the retail demand for beef in the United States and to establish if media coverage of popular diets (media frenzy) causes the change in retail demand for beef, or if it simply reports the facts about the changes in consumer dietary preferences. Data used in the analysis are the quarterly retail demand index for beef and the number of newspaper articles and magazine features on low-fat, low-cholesterol and low-carb diets published in the United States between 1990:I and 2004:IV. Johansen's cointegration method and vector error correction (VEC) model based Granger causality test were used in the long-run and short-run analysis respectively. The results indicate that health concerns are an important demand shifter for beef in the long run. In the short run, media serves as a trigger that will swing people to become followers of a certain diet.
Orculella astirakiensis Gittenberger & Hausdorf 2004
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Orculidae
Orculella
Orculella astirakiensis

description: astirakiensis, Orculella Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004
 Orculella astirakiensis Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004: 104–105 (figs 21, 46).
Gastropoda, Orculidae
 Paratype: MZSP 95489 (Fig. 7 C–D).
 Locality: Greece, Crete, km 18 of old road Iraklio, 28 Oct. 1990.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former Jens Hemmen Collection. The specimen listed above is a remainder of a 17-specimen paratype lot deposited in Hemmen’s collection by Gittenberger & Hausdorf (2004).
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
A Growth-Focused Spatial Econometric Model of Agricultural Land Development in the Northeast
Creators: name: Hailu, Yohannes G.
name: Brown, Cheryl
name: Hailu, Yohannes G.
name: Brown, Cheryl
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: farmland
subject: development
subject: regional growth
subject: policy
subject: equilibrium model
subject: spatial autocorrelation

description: Using county data for West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, estimation of a system of simultaneous equations shows that population growth, higher taxes, high farmland value, and high initial per capita income accelerate farmland development, but return on farmland, government assistance to farmers, farmland conservation, and farming agglomeration reduce development pressure.
What do we know about health benefits of forests: Public health from the forest! -seminar/ Mitä tiedetään metsän terveyshyödyistä: Kansanterveyttä metsästä -seminaari
Creators: name: Tyrväinen, Liisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The event was organized by The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim and forest management related advisory and consulting services Tapio Oy. Professor Tyrväinen had keynote-speech on the current scientific knowledge on forest-based health and well-being effects. She told widely the knowledge from global research as well as research in Finland. She also covered the information on virtual nature research and how the forest-based health information has been used in healthcare.
Transport Equations and Spin-Charge Propagating Mode in the Two Dimensional Hole Gas
Creators: name: Hughes, Taylor L.
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Bazaliy, Yaroslaw B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the spin-charge motion in a strongly confined two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) supports a propagating mode of cubic dispersion apart from the diffusive mode due to momentum scattering. Propagating modes seem to be a generic property of systems with spin-orbit coupling. Through a rigorous Keldysh approach, we obtain the transport equations for the 2DHG, we analyze the behavior of the hole spin relaxation time, the diffusion coefficients, and the spin-charge coupled motion.
Chiral Approximation to Twisted Bilayer Graphene: Exact Intra-Valley Inversion Symmetry, Nodal Structure and Implications for Higher Magic Angles
Creators: name: Wang, Jie
name: Zheng, Yunqin
name: Millis, Andrew J.
name: Cano, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a mathematical and numerical analysis of the flatband wavefunctions occurring in the chiral model of twisted bilayer graphene at the "magic" twist angles. We show that the chiral model possesses an exact intra-valley inversion symmetry. Writing the flatband wavefunction as a product of a lowest Landau level quantum Hall state and a spinor, we show that the components of the spinor are anti-quantum Hall wavefunctions related by the inversion symmetry operation introduced here. We then show numerically that as one moves from the lowest to higher magic angles, the spinor components of the wavefunction exhibit an increasing number of zeros, resembling the changes in the quantum Hall wavefunction as the Landau level index is increased. The wavefunction zeros are characterized by a chirality, with zeros of the same chirality clustering near the center of the moire unit cell, while opposite chirality zeros are pushed to the boundaries of the unit cell. The enhanced phase winding at higher magic angles suggests an increased circulating current. Physical implications for scanning tunneling spectroscopy, orbital magnetization and interaction effects are discussed.
Does Orphan Status Affect Primary School Attendance? An Analysis of Household Survey Data from Uganda
Creators: name: Asiamah, Selloane
name: Kraybill, David S.
name: Thompson, Stanley R.
name: Asiamah, Selloane
name: Kraybill, David S.
name: Thompson, Stanley R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The continent of Africa is currently experiencing two major interrelated social challenges, namely poverty and the HIV/AIDS epidemic. According to UNICEF, there are millions of AIDS-orphans in Africa, with over 80% of them being raised by extended families. However, relatively few studies have been undertaken to determine how these orphans fare in terms of access to education, healthcare and other social services. Literature shows that orphans face unique problems when it comes to school attendance, including possible intra-household discrimination. This paper examines the impact of various household characteristics on school enrollment in Uganda. Our results are based on the analysis of data from the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) that was conducted in 2002/2003. A multivariate probit model was used to estimate the probability that a child attends school, given a set of selected explanatory variables. Our findings show that factors affecting the probability of a child attending school differ depending on the age of the child and whether the household is located in a rural or urban area.
U.S. Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Labeling Information on Genetically Modified Foods: An Application of Choice Modeling
Creators: name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Govindasamy, Ramu
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Govindasamy, Ramu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This study analyzes U.S. consumers' valuation of five types of genetically modified food labels on a cornflakes cereal product. Using a nationwide survey and choice-modeling framework, results indicate that consumers value the label "contains no genetically modified corn" the most with a mean willingness to pay of 20 more cents, followed by "USDA approved genetically modified corn" with a mean willingness to pay of 9 more cents, and "corn genetically modified to reduce pesticide residues in your food" with a mean willingness to pay of 7 more cents. Results also suggest that consumers negatively value the labels "contains genetically modified corn" with a mean willingness to pay of 13 less cents and "may contain genetically modified corn" with a mean willingness to pay of 2 less cents.