cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comment on 'Semiclassical Klein-Kramers and Smoluchowski equations for the Brownian motion of a particle in an external potential'
Creators: name: Tsekov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The range of validity of the semiclassical Smoluchowski equation derived recently by Coffey et al is discussed. The analysis is based on the quantum Smoluchowski equation derived by the present author before. A quantum generalization of the Einstein law of Brownian motion is also obtained.
Spectral characterization of a frequency comb based on cascaded quadratic nonlinearities inside an optical parametric oscillator
Creators: name: Ulvila, Ville
name: Phillips, C. R.
name: Halonen, Lauri
name: Vainio, Markku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental study of optical frequency comb generation based on cascaded quadratic nonlinearities inside a continuous-wave-pumped optical parametric oscillator. We demonstrate comb states which produce narrow-linewidth intermode beat note signals, and we verify the mode spacing uniformity of the comb at the Hz level. We also show that spectral quality of the comb can be improved by modulating the parametric gain at a frequency that corresponds to the comb mode spacing. We have reached a high average output power of over 4 W in the near-infrared region, at ~2 μm.
Dennstaedtia mathewsii C. Chr., Index Filic.
Creators: name: Schwartsburd, Pedro B.
name: Navarrete, Hugo
name: Smith, Alan R.
name: Kessler, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Dennstaedtiaceae
Dennstaedtia
Dennstaedtia mathewsii

description: Dennstaedtia mathewsii (Hook.) C.Chr., Index Filic. 218. 1905.
 Range:— Ecuador to Bolivia (BE, CO, LP).
 Ecology:— Fairly common; terrestrial in humid forests; 400–2550 m.
 Notes:— This species is easily recognizable by the sori oriented in the plane of the blade, apically and usually projecting from the lobes, and by the long, narrow pinnules. It appears to be closely related to D. producta Mett., from Colombia and Ecuador, and differs from it by the shorter soriate lobes and by having only one petiolar bud (vs. two buds in D. producta).
description: Published as part of Schwartsburd, Pedro B., Navarrete, Hugo, Smith, Alan R. & Kessler, Michael, 2017, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVI. Dennstaedtiaceae, pp. 251-268 in Phytotaxa 332 (3) on page 254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13723580
Pseudoscalar and Scalar Meson Photoproduction Interpreted by Regge Phenomenology
Creators: name: Strakovsky, Igor I.
name: Briscoe, William J.
name: Becerra, Olga Cortes
name: Dugger, Michael
name: Goldstein, Gary
name: Kashevarov, Victor L.
name: Schmidt, Axel
name: Solazzo, Peter
name: Yu, Byung-Geel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have evaluated pseudoscalar and scalar neutral pion photoproduction in $\vecγp\toπ^0p$ and $\vecγp\to a_0^0p$ above the resonance region and within Regge phenomenology. Our fit, including GlueX $Σ$ pseudoscalar photoproduction data, shows that previous SLAC $Σ$ measurements for $\vecγp \to π^0p$ above $E_γ= 4~\mathrm{GeV}$ are at variance with SLAC data with more recent measurements made by GlueX in vicinity of $E_γ= 9~\mathrm{GeV}$. The Regge model predicts that the beam polarization asymmetry $Σ$ of the scalar meson is opposite to that of pseudoscalar meson photoproduction, however, the cross sections are similar. While the vector natural parity meson exchange is dominant in both cases, the contribution of the pseudovector unnatural parity meson exchange is very small. Using Regge phenomenology, we predicted high energy behavior for double polarized observables $\mathbb{E}$, $\mathbb{F}$, $\mathbb{G}$, and $\mathbb{H}$ for the reactions $γp\to π^0p$ and $γp\to a_0^0p$.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, several small glitches were fixed
Measurement of the branching ratio $Γ(Λ_b^0 \rightarrow ψ(2S)Λ^0)/Γ(Λ_b^0 \rightarrow J/ψΛ^0)$ with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An observation of the $Λ_b^0 \rightarrow ψ(2S) Λ^0$ decay and a comparison of its branching fraction with that of the $Λ_b^0 \rightarrow J/ψΛ^0$ decay has been made with the ATLAS detector in proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8\,$TeV at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of $20.6\,$fb$^{-1}$. The $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ mesons are reconstructed in their decays to a muon pair, while the $Λ^0\rightarrow pπ^-$ decay is exploited for the $Λ^0$ baryon reconstruction. The $Λ_b^0$ baryons are reconstructed with transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}>10\,$GeV and pseudorapidity $|η|<2.1$. The measured branching ratio of the $Λ_b^0 \rightarrow ψ(2S) Λ^0$ and $Λ_b^0 \rightarrow J/ψΛ^0$ decays is $Γ(Λ_b^0 \rightarrow ψ(2S)Λ^0)/Γ(Λ_b^0 \rightarrow J/ψΛ^0) = 0.501\pm 0.033 ({\rm stat})\pm 0.019({\rm syst})$, lower than the expectation from the covariant quark model.
description: 12 pages plus author list (28 pages total), 5 figures, 1 table, published on Physics Letters B 751 (2015) 63-80. All figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/BPHY-2013-08/
Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Initial Crystallization Stage in an SWCNT-Polyetherimide Nanocomposite
Creators: name: Nazarychev, Victor M.
name: Lyulin, Alexey V.
name: Dingemans, Theo
name: Lyulin, Sergey V.
name: Kenny, Jose M.
name: Larin, Sergey V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Crystallization of all-aromatic heterocyclic polymers typically results in an improvement of their thermo-mechanical properties. Nucleation agents may be used to promote crystallization, and it is well known that the incorporation of nanoparticles, and in particular carbon-based nanofillers, may induce or accelerate crystallization through nucleation. The present study addresses the structural properties of polyetherimide-based nanocomposites and the initial stages of polyetherimide crystallization as a result of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) incorporation. We selected two amorphous thermoplastic polyetherimides ODPA-P3 and aBPDA-P3 based on 3,3′,4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), 2,3′,3,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (aBPDA) and diamine 1,4-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]benzene (P3) and simulated the onset of crystallization in the presence of SWCNTs using atomistic molecular dynamics. For ODPA-P3, we found that the planar phthalimide and phenylene moieties show pronounced ordering near the CNT (carbon nanotube) surface, which can be regarded as the initial stage of crystallization. We will discuss two possible mechanisms for ODPA-P3 crystallization in the presence of SWCNTs: the spatial confinement caused by the CNTs and π–π interactions at the CNT-polymer matrix interface. Based on our simulation results, we propose that ODPA-P3 crystallization is most likely initiated by favorable π–π interactions between the carbon nanofiller surface and the planar ODPA-P3 phthalimide and phenylene moieties.
Euergetism as a Political Strategy: The Case of Iason versus Moles
Creators: name: Fauconnier, Bram
Publisher: name: TYCHE – Contributions to Ancient History, Papyrology and Epigraphy
Year: 2023

description: This paper offers new interpretations concerning the dossier of Iason of Kyaneai, high priest of the Lycian koinon in AD 139. It is argued that the dates and decrees in this dossier revolve around an old feud between Iason and a certain Moles that started in the early second century and that flared up again some 35 years later. The dossier offers important insights in the struggles for power among the Lycian elite: it not only reveals Iason’s networks of support, but also how he established them, and how he put them to use. It is argued that euergetism played a key role in the establishment and maintenance of these networks, and that euergetism can in this case be considered as a clear political strategy.
description: TYCHE – Contributions to Ancient History, Papyrology and Epigraphy, Bd. 36 (2021)
Control of bow shock induced three-dimensional separation using bleed through holes
Creators: name: Chandravamsi, Hemanth
name: Bhardwaj, Sourabh
name: Ramachandra, K.
name: Sriram, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unsteady three-dimensional separated flow on a wall induced by a square protrusion (approximately twice the local boundary layer thickness in width and height), and its control by means of passive suction through holes, is investigated using wind tunnel experiments at Mach $2.87$. The baseline flow without any control was characterized and compared against the cases with bleed. A bow-shaped separation line on the wall with a mid-span separation length of $5.57δ$ from protrusion face was traced from oil-flow visualization. The averaged pressure distribution surveyed using static pressure ports placed on the wall has mapped plateau, high-pressure, and a low-pressure region in the separated flow, distinctive to three-dimensional interactions. Ten control configurations were tested with suction holes placed along mid-span in the different pressure zones. Significant spanwise `Mean Reduction in Separation Length' of up to $0.93δ$ was observed from oil-flow visualization. A comparison of observations from various control configurations suggested that bleeding the flow from the high-pressure region could in general delay the separation and reduce the bubble size. Further, time-resolved schlieren visualizations have confirmed reduction in both `mid-span separation length' and `shock-intermittent-region' with the introduction of suction in high-pressure region. Fourier and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition analysis done on the schlieren data has confirmed the presence of low-frequency separation-shock oscillations at Strouhal Numbers of order $10^{-2}$, both with and without control. Furthermore, the amplitudes of separation-shock oscillations in the spectrum were reduced with the introduction of suction simultaneously from two holes placed in high and low-pressure regions.
On the evolution of the particle distribution and the cascade in a moving, expanding emission region in blazar jets
Creators: name: Zacharias, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a large variety in the models explaining blazar flares. Here, we study the flare profile induced by a moving and expanding blob with special emphasize on the gamma-gamma pair production. We first develop a simple semi-analytical model to study the evolution of the particle distribution in the expanding blob and show the influence of the pair production. In a second step, we produce a realistic simulation using the OneHaLe code based upon parameters of PKS 1510-089. The semi-analytical model shows that the pair production significantly influences the flare evolution, while the opening angle and the expansion can prolong flares considerably. The simulation based on PKS 1510-089 indicate that flares of a moving expanding blob result in strongly wavelength dependant light curves including delayed, secondary flares. A moving, expanding blob can cause significant flaring events with a large variety in light curve profiles. High-cadence multiwavelength observations are necessary to derive the details causing the flare. Extended observations beyond the initial burst may provide important information on the opening angle and the particle content due to delayed secondary flares in some energy bands.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
High-precision mass measurement of doubly magic $^{208}$Pb
Creators: name: Kromer, Kathrin
name: Lyu, Chunhai
name: Door, Menno
name: Filianin, Pavel
name: Harman, Zoltán
name: Herkenhoff, Jost
name: Huang, Wenjia
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
name: Lange, Daniel
name: Novikov, Yuri N.
name: Schweiger, Christoph
name: Eliseev, Sergey
name: Blaum, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absolute atomic mass of $^{208}$Pb has been determined with a fractional uncertainty of $7\times 10^{-11}$ by measuring the cyclotron-frequency ratio $R$ of $^{208}$Pb$^{41+}$ to $^{132}$Xe$^{26+}$ with the high-precision Penning-trap mass spectrometer Pentatrap and computing the binding energies $E_{\text{Pb}}$ and $E_{\text{Xe}}$ of the missing 41 and 26 atomic electrons, respectively, with the ab initio fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) method. $R$ has been measured with a relative precision of $9\times 10^{-12}$. $E_{\text{Pb}}$ and $E_{\text{Xe}}$ have been computed with an uncertainty of 9.1 eV and 2.1 eV, respectively, yielding $207.976\,650\,571(14)$ u (u$=9.314\,941\,024\,2(28)\times 10^{8}$ eV/c$^2$) for the $^{208}$Pb neutral atomic mass. This result agrees within $1.2σ$ with that from the Atomic-Mass Evaluation (AME) 2020, while improving the precision by almost two orders of magnitude. The new mass value directly improves the mass precision of 14 nuclides in the region of Z=81-84 and is the most precise mass value with A>200. Thus, the measurement establishes a new region of reference mass values which can be used e.g. for precision mass determination of transuranium nuclides, including the superheavies.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, to be published in EPJA
Climate shocks and migration: an agent-based modeling approach
Creators: name: Entwisle, Barbara
name: McDaniel, Philip M.
name: Frizzelle, Brian G.
name: Verdery, Ashton M.
name: Sawangdee, Yothin
name: Yao, Xiaozheng
name: Heumann, Benjamin W.
name: Prasartkul, Pramote
name: Malanson, George P.
name: Jampaklay, Aree
name: Williams, Nathalie E.
name: Mucha, Peter J.
name: Walsh, Stephen J.
name: Rindfuss, Ronald R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This is a study of migration responses to climate shocks. We construct an agent-based model that incorporates dynamic linkages between demographic behaviors, such as migration, marriage, and births, and agriculture and land use, which depend on rainfall patterns. The rules and parameterization of our model are empirically derived from qualitative and quantitative analyses of a well-studied demographic field site, Nang Rong district, Northeast Thailand. With this model, we simulate patterns of migration under four weather regimes in a rice economy: 1) a reference, ‘normal’ scenario; 2) seven years of unusually wet weather; 3) seven years of unusually dry weather; and 4) seven years of extremely variable weather. Results show relatively small impacts on migration. Experiments with the model show that existing high migration rates and strong selection factors, which are unaffected by climate change, are likely responsible for the weak migration response.
Limit Your Consumption! Finding Bounds in Average-energy Games
Creators: name: Larsen, Kim G.
name: Laursen, Simon
name: Zimmermann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Energy games are infinite two-player games played in weighted arenas with quantitative objectives that restrict the consumption of a resource modeled by the weights, e.g., a battery that is charged and drained. Typically, upper and/or lower bounds on the battery capacity are part of the problem description. Here, we consider the problem of determining upper bounds on the average accumulated energy or on the capacity while satisfying a given lower bound, i.e., we do not determine whether a given bound is sufficient to meet the specification, but if there exists a sufficient bound to meet it. In the classical setting with positive and negative weights, we show that the problem of determining the existence of a sufficient bound on the long-run average accumulated energy can be solved in doubly-exponential time. Then, we consider recharge games: here, all weights are negative, but there are recharge edges that recharge the energy to some fixed capacity. We show that bounding the long-run average energy in such games is complete for exponential time. Then, we consider the existential version of the problem, which turns out to be solvable in polynomial time: here, we ask whether there is a recharge capacity that allows the system player to win the game. We conclude by studying tradeoffs between the memory needed to implement strategies and the bounds they realize. We give an example showing that memory can be traded for bounds and vice versa. Also, we show that increasing the capacity allows to lower the average accumulated energy.
description: In Proceedings QAPL'16, arXiv:1610.07696
Cool, Luminous, and Highly Variable Stars in the Magellanic Clouds. II: Spectroscopic and Environmental Analysis of Thorne-Żytkow Object and Super-AGB Star Candidates
Creators: name: O'Grady, Anna J. G.
name: Drout, Maria R.
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Neugent, Kathryn F.
name: Doherty, Carolyn L.
name: Speagle, Joshua S.
name: Shappee, B. J.
name: Rauch, Michael
name: Götberg, Ylva
name: Ludwig, Bethany
name: Thompson, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous work we identified a population of 38 cool and luminous variable stars in the Magellanic Clouds and examined 11 in detail in order to classify them as either Thorne-Żytkow Objects (TŻOs, red supergiants with a neutron star cores) or super-AGB stars (the most massive stars that will not undergo core collapse). This population includes HV\,2112, a peculiar star previously considered in other works to be either a TŻO or high-mass AGB star. Here we continue this investigation, using the kinematic and radio environments and local star formation history of these stars to place constraints on the age of the progenitor systems and the presence of past supernovae. These stars are not associated with regions of recent star formation, and we find no evidence of past supernovae at their locations. Finally, we also assess the presence of heavy elements and lithium in their spectra compared to red supergiants. We find strong absorption in Li and s-process elements compared to RSGs in most of the sample, consistent with super-AGB nucleosynthesis, while HV\,2112 shows additional strong lines associated with TŻO nucleosynthesis. Coupled with our previous mass estimates, the results are consistent with the stars being massive (~4-6.5M$_{\odot}$) or super-AGB (~6.5-12M$_{\odot}$) stars in the thermally pulsing phase, providing crucial observations of the transition between low- and high-mass stellar populations. HV\,2112 is more ambiguous; it could either be a maximally massive sAGB star, or a TŻO if the minimum mass for stability extends down to <13 M$_\odot$.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables, spectroscopic data available at https://zenodo.org/record/7058608, accepted to The Astrophysical Journal
Hadron Fragmentation Inside Jets in Hadronic Collisions
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Tom
name: Mukherjee, Asmita
name: Vogelsang, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical next-to-leading order QCD calculation of the partonic cross sections for the process $pp\rightarrow ({\text{jet}} \,h)X$, for which a specific hadron is observed inside a fully reconstructed jet. In order to obtain the analytical results, we assume the jet to be relatively narrow. We show that the results can be cast into a simple and systematic form based on suitable universal jet functions for the process. We confirm the validity of our calculation by comparing to previous results in the literature for which the next-to-leading order cross section was treated entirely numerically by Monte-Carlo integration techniques. We present phenomenological results for experiments at the LHC and at RHIC. These suggest that $pp\rightarrow ({\text{jet}} \,h)X$ should enable very sensitive probes of fragmentation functions, especially of the one for gluons.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures. Some additions and new comparisons to data. Version to appear in Physical Review D
Patient-Specific Heart Model Towards Atrial Fibrillation
Creators: name: He, Jiyue
name: Pertsov, Arkady
name: Dixit, Sanjay
name: Walsh, Katie
name: Toolan, Eric
name: Mangharam, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Atrial fibrillation is a heart rhythm disorder that affects tens of millions people worldwide. The most effective treatment is catheter ablation. This involves irreversible heating of abnormal cardiac tissue facilitated by electroanatomical mapping. However, it is difficult to consistently identify the triggers and sources that may initiate or perpetuate atrial fibrillation due to its chaotic behavior. We developed a patient-specific computational heart model that can accurately reproduce the activation patterns to help in localizing these triggers and sources. Our model has high spatial resolution, with whole-atrium temporal synchronous activity, and has patient-specific accurate electrophysiological activation patterns. A total of 15 patients data were processed: 8 in sinus rhythm, 6 in atrial flutter and 1 in atrial tachycardia. For resolution, the average simulation geometry voxel is a cube of 2.47 mm length. For synchrony, the model takes in about 1,500 local electrogram recordings, optimally fits parameters to the individual's atrium geometry and then generates whole-atrium activation patterns. For accuracy, the average local activation time error is 5.47 ms for sinus rhythm, 10.97 ms for flutter and tachycardia; and the average correlation is 0.95 for sinus rhythm, 0.81 for flutter and tachycardia. This promising result demonstrates our model is an effective building block in capturing more complex rhythms such as atrial fibrillation to guide physicians for effective ablation therapy.
Age-Specific Variation in Adult Mortality Rates in Developed Countries
Creators: name: Yang, Y. Claire
name: Zheng, Hui
name: Land, Kenneth C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This paper investigates historical changes in both single-year-of-age adult mortality rates and variation of the single-year mortality rates around expected values within age intervals over the past two centuries in 15 developed countries. We apply an integrated Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort—Variance Function Regression Model to data from the Human Mortality Database. We find increasing variation of the single-year rates within broader age intervals over the life course for all countries, but the increasing variation slows down at age 90 and then increases again after age 100 for some countries; the variation significantly declined across cohorts born after the early 20th century; and the variation continuously declined over much of the last two centuries but has substantially increased since 1980. Our further analysis finds the recent increases in mortality variation are not due to increasing proportions of older adults in the population, trends in mortality rates, or disproportionate delays in deaths from degenerative and man-made diseases, but rather due to increasing variations in young and middle-age adults.
Quantum algorithms and the power of forgetting
Creators: name: Childs, Andrew M.
name: Coudron, Matthew
name: Gilani, Amin Shiraz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The so-called welded tree problem provides an example of a black-box problem that can be solved exponentially faster by a quantum walk than by any classical algorithm. Given the name of a special ENTRANCE vertex, a quantum walk can find another distinguished EXIT vertex using polynomially many queries, though without finding any particular path from ENTRANCE to EXIT. It has been an open problem for twenty years whether there is an efficient quantum algorithm for finding such a path, or if the path-finding problem is hard even for quantum computers. We show that a natural class of efficient quantum algorithms provably cannot find a path from ENTRANCE to EXIT. Specifically, we consider algorithms that, within each branch of their superposition, always store a set of vertex labels that form a connected subgraph including the ENTRANCE, and that only provide these vertex labels as inputs to the oracle. While this does not rule out the possibility of a quantum algorithm that efficiently finds a path, it is unclear how an algorithm could benefit by deviating from this behavior. Our no-go result suggests that, for some problems, quantum algorithms must necessarily forget the path they take to reach a solution in order to outperform classical computation.
description: 49 pages, 9 figures
A dichotomy in group II Herbig disks: ALMA gas disk height measurements show both shadowed large vertically extended disks and compact flat disks
Creators: name: Stapper, L. M.
name: Hogerheijde, M. R.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Paneque-Carreño, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herbig stars can be classified into group I and group II depending on the shape of the far-IR excess from the spectral energy distribution. This separation may be evolutionary and related to the vertical structure of these disks. We aim to determine the emission height of Herbig disks and compare the resulting vertical extent of both groups. ALMA Band 6 observations of 12CO emission lines at sufficient velocity and spatial resolution of eight Herbig disks (four group I and four group II sources) are used to determine the emission heights from the channel maps via geometrical methods developed in other works. We find that all group I disks are vertically extended with a height to radius ratio of at least 0.25, and for three of the disks the gas emission profile can be traced out to 200-500 au. The group II disks are divided between MWC 480 and HD 163296 which have similar emission height profiles as the group I disks, and AK Sco and HD 142666 which are very flat (not exceeding a height of 10 au) and more compact (<200 au in size). The brightness temperatures show no differences between the disks when the luminosity of the host star is accounted for. Our findings agree with previous work suggesting that group I disks are vertically extended and that group II disks are either large and self-shadowed or compact. Both MWC 480 and HD 163296 could be precursors of group I disks, which we see now before a cavity has formed that would allow irradiation of the outer parts of the disk. The very flat disks AK Sco and HD 142666 could be due to significant settling because of the advanced age of these disks (~20 instead of <10 Myr). These large differences in vertical structures are not reflected in the spectral energy distributions of these disks. More and deeper observations at higher spatial and velocity resolution are necessary to further characterize the Herbig sub-groups.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 8 pages, 4 figures, plus appendices
Deviations of the Energy-Momentum Tensor from Equilibrium in the Initial State for Hydrodynamics from Transport Approaches
Creators: name: Oliinychenko, Dmytro
name: Petersen, Hannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many hybrid models of heavy ion collisions construct the initial state for hydrodynamics from transport models. Hydrodynamics requires that the energy-momentum tensor $T^{μν}$ and four-currents $j^μ$ do not deviate considerably from the equilibrium ideal-fluid form, but the ones constructed from transport do not necessarily possess this property. In this work we investigate the space-time picture of $T^{μν}$ deviations from equilibrium in Au+Au collisions using a coarse-grained transport approach. The collision energy is varied in the range $E_{lab} = 5-160A$ GeV. The sensitivity of $T^{μν}$ deviations from equilibrium to collision centrality, and other parameters such as the switching criterion, the amount of statistics used to construct the initial state, and the smearing parameter $σ$ is investigated. For low statistics deviations of $T^{μν}$ from equilibrium are large and dominated by the effect of finite sampling. For large statistics the pressure anisotropy plays the most significant role, while the off-diagonal components of $T^{μν}$ are small in a large volume during the whole evolution. For all considered energies and centralities the pressure anisotropy exhibits a similar feature: there is a narrow interval of time, when it rapidly drops in a considerable volume. This allows us to introduce an "isotropization time," which is found to decrease with energy and slightly increase with centrality. The isotropization times are larger than times typically used for initializing hydrodynamics.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
First-step experiment in developing optical-spring quantum locking for DECIGO: sensitivity optimization for simulated quantum noise by completing the square
Creators: name: Ishikawa, Tomohiro
name: Kawasaki, Yuki
name: Tsuji, Kenji
name: Yamada, Rika
name: Watanabe, Izumi
name: Wu, Bin
name: Iwaguchi, Shoki
name: Shimizu, Ryuma
name: Umemura, Kurumi
name: Nagano, Koji
name: Enomoto, Yutaro
name: Komori, Kentaro
name: Michimura, Yuta
name: Furusawa, Akira
name: Kawamura, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (DECIGO) is a future mission for a space-borne laser interferometer. DECIGO has 1,000-km-long arm cavities mainly to detect the primordial gravitational waves (PGW) at lower frequencies around 0.1 Hz. Observations in the electromagnetic spectrum have lowered the bounds on the upper limit of PGW energy density ($Ω_{\rm gw} \sim 10^{-15} \to 10^{-16}$). As a result, DECIGO's target sensitivity, which is mainly limited by quantum noise, needs further improvement. To maximize the feasibility of detection while constrained by DECIGO's large diffraction loss, a quantum locking technique with an optical spring was theoretically proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the PGW. In this paper, we experimentally verify one key element of the optical-spring quantum locking: sensitivity optimization by completing the square of multiple detector outputs. This experiment is operated on a simplified tabletop optical setup with classical noise simulating quantum noise. We succeed in getting the best of the sensitivities with two different laser powers by the square completion method.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures
Constructive quantum scaling of unitary matrices
Creators: name: Glos, Adam
name: Sadowski, Przemysław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present a method of decomposition of arbitrary unitary matrix $U\in\mathbf U(2^k)$ into a product of single-qubit negator and controlled-$\sqrt{\mbox{NOT}}$ gates. Since the product results with negator matrix, which can be treated as complex analogue if bistochastic matrix, our method can be seen as complex analogue of Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm, where diagonal matrices are replaced by adding and removing an one-qubit ancilla. The decomposition can be found constructively and resulting circuit consists of $O(4^k)$ entangling gates, which is proved to be optimal. An example of such transformation is presented.
The dynamical state of the globular clusters Rup 106 and IC 4499
Creators: name: Beccari, Giacomo
name: Cadelano, Mario
name: Dalessandro, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical evolution of globular clusters is theoretically described by a series of well known events typical of N-body systems. Still, the identification of observational signatures able to empirically describe the stage of dynamical evolution of a stellar system of the density typical of a globular cluster, represents a challenge. In this paper we study the dynamical age of the globular clusters Rup 106 and IC 4499. To this aim, we study the radial distribution of the Blue Straggler Stars via the A+ parameter and of the slope of the Main Sequence Mass Function. Both tracers show that Rup 106 and IC 4499 are dynamically young clusters where dynamical friction has just started to segregate massive stars towards the clusters' centre. In fact, we observe that the Blue Straggler stars are more centrally concentrated in both clusters than the reference population. On the same line, we find that in both cases the slope of the mass function significantly decreases as a function of the cluster-centric distances. This result provides additional support for the use of the the radial distribution of the blue stragglers as a powerful observationally convenient indicator of the cluster dynamical age.
description: Accepted for publication on A&A
Dennstaedtia obtusifolia T. Moore, Index Fil.
Creators: name: Schwartsburd, Pedro B.
name: Navarrete, Hugo
name: Smith, Alan R.
name: Kessler, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Dennstaedtiaceae
Dennstaedtia
Dennstaedtia obtusifolia

description: Dennstaedtia obtusifolia (Willd.) T.Moore, Index Fil. 306. 1861.
 Range:— Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia (BE, CO, LP, SC).
 Ecology:— Common; terrestrial in humid forests, usually along streams and rivers and in shady areas; 300–3200 m.
 Notes:— In the past, many specimens of D. obtusifolia from throughout tropical America were named D. arborescens, but the latter is now considered to be restricted to the Caribbean islands. There has also been confusion with D. dissecta (see discussions under D. dissecta and D. cornuta), but the rounded sori differentiate D. obtusifolia from D. cornuta, whereas the larger fronds and more coarsely lobed blades separate it from D. dissecta.
description: Published as part of Schwartsburd, Pedro B., Navarrete, Hugo, Smith, Alan R. & Kessler, Michael, 2017, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVI. Dennstaedtiaceae, pp. 251-268 in Phytotaxa 332 (3) on page 255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13723580
Dark matter and radiative neutrino masses in conversion-driven scotogenesis
Creators: name: Heeck, Julian
name: Heisig, Jan
name: Thapa, Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scotogenic model generates Majorana neutrino masses radiatively, with dark matter particles running in the loop. We explore the parameter space in which the relic density of fermionic dark matter is generated via a conversion-driven freeze-out mechanism. The necessity for small Yukawa couplings to initiate chemical decoupling for conversion processes naturally reproduces small neutrino masses as long as the active neutrinos are hierarchical. The model can also resolve the recently reported deviation in the $W$-boson mass while satisfying constraints from direct detection, charged lepton flavor violation as well as collider bounds. Parts of the parameter space lead to long-lived particle signatures to be probed at the LHC.
description: 8 pages and references, 5 figures; v2: Minor changes in presentation, matches published version
Educational Attainment and Mortality in the United States: Effects of Degrees, Years of Schooling, and Certification
Creators: name: Lawrence, Elizabeth M.
name: Rogers, Richard G.
name: Zajacova, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Researchers have extensively documented a strong and consistent education gradient for mortality, with more highly educated individuals living longer than those with less education. This study contributes to our understanding of the education-mortality relationship by determining the effects of years of education and degree attainment on mortality, and by including nondegree certification, an important but understudied dimension of educational attainment. We use data from the mortality-linked restricted-use files of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) sample (N=9,821) and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate mortality risk among U.S. adults. Results indicate that more advanced degrees and additional years of education are associated with reduced mortality risk in separate models, but when included simultaneously, only degrees remain influential. Among individuals who have earned a high school diploma only, additional years of schooling (beyond 12) and vocational school certification (or similar accreditation) are both independently associated with reduced risks of death. Degrees appear to be most important for increasing longevity; the findings also suggest that any educational experience can be beneficial. Future research in health and mortality should consider including educational measures beyond a single variable for educational attainment.
Lyman-Werner UV Escape Fractions from Primordial Halos
Creators: name: Schauer, Anna T. P.
name: Whalen, Daniel J.
name: Glover, Simon C. O.
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population III stars can regulate star formation in the primordial Universe in several ways. They can ionize nearby halos, and even if their ionizing photons are trapped by their own halos, their Lyman-Werner (LW) photons can still escape and destroy H$_2$ in other halos, preventing them from cooling and forming stars. LW escape fractions are thus a key parameter in cosmological simulations of early reionization and star formation but have not yet been parametrized for realistic halos by halo or stellar mass. To do so, we perform radiation hydrodynamical simulations of LW UV escape from 9--120 M$_{\odot}$ Pop III stars in $10^5$ to $10^7$ M$_{\odot}$ halos with ZEUS-MP. We find that photons in the LW lines (i.e. those responsible for destroying H$_{2}$ in nearby systems) have escape fractions ranging from 0% to 85%. No LW photons escape the most massive halo in our sample, even from the most massive star. Escape fractions for photons elsewhere in the 11.18--13.6~eV energy range, which can be redshifted into the LW lines at cosmological distances, are generally much higher, being above 60% for all but the least massive stars in the most massive halos. We find that shielding of H$_2$ by neutral hydrogen, which has been neglected in most studies to date, produces escape fractions that are up to a factor of three smaller than those predicted by H$_2$ self-shielding alone.
description: accepted by MNRAS; 12 pages, 5 figures
Numerical investigations of the bulk-surface wave pinning model
Creators: name: Cusseddu, Davide
name: Madzvamuse, Anotida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 2020 MSC: 35-04, 35B36, 35K57, 58J90, 35Q92, 35R01, 65-04, 65M60, 92-10, 92C37

description: The bulk-surface wave pinning model is a reaction-diffusion system for studying cell polarisation. It is constituted by a surface reaction-diffusion equation, coupled to a bulk diffusion equation with a non-linear boundary condition. Cell polarisation arises as the surface component develops specific patterns. Since proteins diffuse much faster in the cell interior than on the membrane, in the literature, the bulk component is often assumed to be spatially homogeneous. {\re Therefore, the model can be reduced to a single surface equation}. However, {\re in real applications} a spatially non-uniform bulk component might be an important player to take into account. In this paper, we study, through numerical computations, the role of the bulk component and, more specifically, how different bulk diffusion rates might affect the polarisation response. We find that the bulk component is indeed a key factor in {\re determining the surface polarisation response}. Moreover, for certain geometries, it is the spatial heterogeneity of the bulk component that triggers the polarisation response, which might not be possible in a reduced model. Understanding how polarisation depends on bulk diffusivity might be crucial when studying models of migrating cells, which are naturally subject to domain deformation.
description: 28 pages (last 2 for SM) with 11 figures (2 in the SM)
Topological features of Haldane model on a dice lattice: role of flat band on transport properties
Creators: name: Mondal, Sayan
name: Basu, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the topological properties of a Haldane model on a band deformed dice lattice, which has three atoms per unit cell (call them as A, B and C) and the spectrum comprises of three bands, including a flat band. The bands are systematically deformed with an aim to study the evolution of topology and the transport properties. The deformations are induced through hopping anisotropies and are achieved in two distinct ways. In one of them, the hopping amplitudes between the sites of B and C sublattices and those between A and B sublattices are varied along a particular direction, and in the other, the hopping between the sites of A and B sublattices are varied (keeping B-C hopping unaltered) along the same direction. The first case retains some of the spectral features of the familiar dice lattice and yields Chern insulating lobes in the phase diagram with $C=\pm2$ till a certain critical deformation. The topological features are supported by the presence of a pair of chiral edge modes at each edge of a ribbon and the plateaus observed in the anomalous Hall conductivity support the above scenario. Whereas, a selective tuning of only the A-B hopping amplitudes distorts the flat band and has important ramifications on the topological properties of the system. The insulating lobes in the phase diagram have distinct features compared to the case above, and there are dips observed in the Hall conductivity near the zero bias. The dip widens as the hopping anisotropy is made larger, and thus the scenario registers significant deviation from the familiar plateau structure observed in the anomalous Hall conductivity. However, a phase transition from a topological to a trivial insulating region demonstrated by the Chern number changing discontinuously from $\pm2$ to zero beyond a certain critical hopping anisotropy remains a common feature in the two cases.
Soil Sampling, Soil Testing and Soil Analysis For Soils of Benue State
Creators: name: Christian, Iorchir Iorember
name: Christian, Iorchir Iorember
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Nigeria
subject: soil testing
subject: soil analysis
subject: extension
subject: training

description: Soil productivity rating training in the North Central state of Benue in Nigeria. Soil samples were tested for organic carbon content and the percentage of nitrogen in the soil.
The scaling relations of early-type dwarf galaxies across a range of environments
Creators: name: Penny, Samantha J.
name: Janz, Joachim
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Benson, Andrew J.
name: Mould, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a Keck-ESI study of dwarf galaxies across a range of environment: the Perseus Cluster, the Virgo Cluster, the NGC 1407 group, and the NGC 1023 group. Eighteen dEs are targeted for spectroscopy, three for the first time. We confirm cluster membership for one Virgo dE, and group membership for one dE in the NGC 1023 group, and one dE in the NGC 1407 group for the first time. Regardless of environment, the dEs follow the same size-magnitude and $σ$-luminosity relation. Two of the Virgo dwarfs, VCC 1199 and VCC 1627, have among the highest central velocity dispersions ($σ_{0}$ = 58.4 km s$^{-1}$ and 49.2 km s$^{-1}$) measured for dwarfs of their luminosity ($M_{R}\approx -17$). Given their small sizes ($R_{e} < 300$ pc) and large central velocity dispersions, we classify these two dwarfs as compact ellipticals rather than dEs. Group dEs typically have higher mean dynamical-to-stellar mass ratios than the cluster dEs, with $M_{dyn}/M_{\star} = 5.1\pm0.6$ for the group dwarfs, vs. $M_{dyn}/M_{\star} = 2.2\pm0.5$ for the cluster sample, which includes two cEs. We also search for trends in $M_{dyn}/M_{\star}$ vs. distance from M87 for the Virgo Cluster population, and find no preference for dwarfs with high values of $M_{dyn}/M_{\star}$ to reside in the cluster outskirts vs. centre.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Open Superstring First Mass Level Effective Lagrangian: Massive Spin-2 in an Electromagnetic Background
Creators: name: Benakli, Karim
name: Daniel, Cassiano A.
name: Ke, Wenqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minimal coupling leads to problems such as loss of causality if one wants to describe charged particles of spin greater than one propagating in a constant electromagnetic background. Regge trajectories in string theory contain such states, so their study may allow us to investigate possible avenues to remedy the pathologies. We present here two explicit forms, related by field redefinitions, of the Lagrangian describing the bosonic states in the first massive level of open superstrings in four dimensions. The first one reduces, when the electromagnetic field is set to zero, to the Fierz-Pauli Lagrangian for the spin-2 mode. The second one is a more compact form which simplifies the derivation of a Fierz-Pauli system of equations of motion and constraints.
description: 11 pages