cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Noncommutative D-brane from Covariant AdS Superstring
Creators: name: Sakaguchi, Makoto
name: Yoshida, Kentaroh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore noncommutative D-branes in the AdS_5xS^5 background from the viewpoint of κ-invariance of a covariant open string action in the Green-Schwarz formulation. Boundary conditions to ensure the κ-invariance of the action lead to possible configurations of noncommutative D-branes. With this covariant method, we derive configurations of 1/4 BPS noncommutative D-branes. The resulting D-branes other than D-string are 1/4 BPS at any places, and the D-string is exceptional and it is 1/2 BPS at the origin and 1/4 BPS outside the origin. All of them are reduced to possible 1/4 BPS or 1/2 BPS AdS D-branes in the commutative limit or the strong magnetic flux limit. We also apply the same analysis to an open superstring in the pp-wave background and derive configurations of 1/4 BPS noncommutative D-branes in the pp-wave. These D-branes consistently related to AdS D-branes via the Penrose limit.
description: 25 pages, LaTeX, no figures
Kognitive Aktivität im Sportunterricht: Eine Untersuchung zum Zusammenhang von motorischen Basiskompetenzen, Selbsteinschätzungen und Anstrengungsbereitschaft bei Kindern der fünften und sechsten Schulstufe
Creators: name: Niederkofler, Benjamin
name: Herrmann, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: kognitive Aktivität
subject: Primarschule
subject: MOBAK
subject: motorische Basiskompetenz
subject: Forschungsstudie
subject: gnd:4133279-9
subject: gnd:4077704-2
subject: gnd:4130615-6
subject: gnd:4022349-8

description: Die Autoren stellen eine im Kontext des MOBAK-Programms liegende quantitativ-empirische Studie zum Zusammenhang von motorischen Kompetenzen und der Selbsteinschätzung und der Anstrengungsbereitschaft von Schulkindern im Sportunterricht vor. Darin wird die fachdidaktische Bedeutung von kognitiven Bewertungsprozessen im Sportunterricht unterstrichen und die Interpretationsfähigkeit der Schulkinder zum sportpädagogischen Thema gemacht.
description: +repphzhbib2021A
Urban Nomads of Petra: An Alternative Interpretation of the Bedoul Bedouin’s Relationship with History and Space
Creators: name: Fuleihan, Layan
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: Jordan’s efforts to become a stronger state in the global community have frequently conflicted with the Bedouin population‟s desire to continue its semi-nomadic and pastoral tradition. The Bedoul, who claim ancestral heritage to the ancient city of Petra, face a complex conflict with the urbanizing state. This paper offers an alternative evaluation of the relationship between the state and semi-nomadic communities by reexamining historical trends and the Bedoul Bedouin condition through a multi-dimensional analytic, which is inspired by the concept of the global city as defined by Saskia Sassen. By referring to this analytical lens as the “global city aesthetic,” I intend to make use of the analytical method that allowed for the global city to be defined, to make room for the reality of contradictions, and finally, to be sensitive to the imagery and dynamics inspired by the concept of the global city. Furthermore, I hope to demonstrate the ability of this alternative approach to transcend the limitations of historiographical approaches that emphasize divergent over synthetic trends, and thereby to reevaluate conflicts to create space for reconciliation. This analytical method also transcends the temporal hierarchy that overvalues the present and devalues the past by considering historical realities in an assessment of contemporary conditions. Finally, an application to the issue of desertification illustrates the analytic’s versatility and relevance to a variety of issues.
description: Consilience, No 6 (2011): Issue Six: 2011
การออกแบบสถาปัตยกรรมออนโทโลยีเพื่อบูรณาการข้อมูลสำหรับการบริหารงานกิจการนิสิต มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Creators: name: จิรัฎฐา ภูบุญอบ
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2556
Subjects: สถาปัตยกรรมออนโทโลยี, การเชื่อมโยงออนโทโลยี, ความคล้ายคลึงเชิงความหมาย, ฐานข้อมูลเวิร์ดเน็ต

description: ฉบับพิเศษ, วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Additional file 2 of Monitoring for COVID-19 by universal testing in a homeless shelter in Germany: a prospective feasibility cohort study
Creators: name: Lindner, Andreas K.
name: Sarma, Navina
name: Rust, Luise Marie
name: Hellmund, Theresa
name: Krasovski-Nikiforovs, Svetlana
name: Wintel, Mia
name: Klaes, Sarah M.
name: Hoerig, Merle
name: Monert, Sophia
name: Schwarzer, Rolf
name: Edelmann, Anke
name: Martinez, Gabriela Equihua
name: Mockenhaupt, Frank P.
name: Kurth, Tobias
name: Seybold, Joachim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Visual instruction leaflet for a self-collected swab of tongue, buccal mucosa and anterior nares.
Drinking Water in the United States: Are We Planning For a Sustainable Future?
Creators: name: Derrington, Erin
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: Maintaining drinking water quality and quantity is a resource management challenge worldwide. In the United States, there are federal, state and local laws to further drinking water quality protection, but few regulations that address water quantity. The first part of this article summarizes existing water protection laws, especially the division of water quality protection and local land use regulation between federal and state government. The second part assesses current water quality and quantity trends. The third part concludes the article with a discussion of drinking water case studies in the United States, to give a snapshot of current use and protection trends, highlighting planning tools, best management practices and intervention solutions. Given the current status of water protection laws and policies in the U.S., this discussion of best management practices is targeted towards municipalities, with the aim of linking it to sustainable development policies.
description: Consilience, No 6 (2011): Issue Six: 2011
Sources and agricultural products selling through roadside stalls in the Northeast Thailand
Creators: name: Woramon Maicharoan
name: Suchint Simaraks
name: Phassakon Nuntapanich
name: Arunee Promkhambut
name: A.Terry Rambo
Publisher: name: Faculty of Agriculture
Year: 2019
Subjects: agricultural product, source of product, roadside stall

description: Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 47, 4, 787-796
A quantum Monte Carlo method on asymptotic Lefschetz thimbles for quantum spin systems: An application to the Kitaev model in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Mishchenko, Petr A.
name: Kato, Yasuyuki
name: Motome, Yukitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum Monte Carlo method on asymptotic Lefschetz thimbles is a numerical algorithm devised specifically for alleviation of the sign problem appearing in the simulations of quantum many-body systems. In this method, the sign problem is alleviated by shifting the integration domain for the auxiliary fields, appearing for example in the conventional determinant quantum Monte Carlo method, from real space to an appropriate manifold in complex space. Here we extend this method to quantum spin models with generic two-spin interactions, by using the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation to decouple the exchange interactions and the Popov-Fedotov transformation to map the quantum spins to complex fermions. As a demonstration, we apply the method to the Kitaev model in a magnetic field whose ground state is predicted to deliver a topological quantum spin liquid with non-Abelian anyonic excitations. To illustrate how the sign problem is alleviated in this method, we visualize the asymptotic Lefschetz thimbles in complex space, together with the saddle points and the zeros of the fermion determinant. We benchmark our method in the low-temperature region in a magnetic field and show that the sign of the action is recovered considerably and unbiased numerical results are obtained with sufficient precision.
Embodied Intelligence via Learning and Evolution
Creators: name: Gupta, Agrim
name: Savarese, Silvio
name: Ganguli, Surya
name: Fei-Fei, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The intertwined processes of learning and evolution in complex environmental niches have resulted in a remarkable diversity of morphological forms. Moreover, many aspects of animal intelligence are deeply embodied in these evolved morphologies. However, the principles governing relations between environmental complexity, evolved morphology, and the learnability of intelligent control, remain elusive, partially due to the substantial challenge of performing large-scale in silico experiments on evolution and learning. We introduce Deep Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning (DERL): a novel computational framework which can evolve diverse agent morphologies to learn challenging locomotion and manipulation tasks in complex environments using only low level egocentric sensory information. Leveraging DERL we demonstrate several relations between environmental complexity, morphological intelligence and the learnability of control. First, environmental complexity fosters the evolution of morphological intelligence as quantified by the ability of a morphology to facilitate the learning of novel tasks. Second, evolution rapidly selects morphologies that learn faster, thereby enabling behaviors learned late in the lifetime of early ancestors to be expressed early in the lifetime of their descendants. In agents that learn and evolve in complex environments, this result constitutes the first demonstration of a long-conjectured morphological Baldwin effect. Third, our experiments suggest a mechanistic basis for both the Baldwin effect and the emergence of morphological intelligence through the evolution of morphologies that are more physically stable and energy efficient, and can therefore facilitate learning and control.
description: Video available at https://youtu.be/MMrIiNavkuY
Solid-state core-exciton dynamics in NaCl observed by tabletop attosecond four-wave mixing spectroscopy
Creators: name: Gaynor, James D
name: Fidler, Ashley P
name: Lin, Yen-Cheng
name: Chang, Hung-Tzu
name: Zuerch, Michael
name: Neumark, Daniel M
name: Leone, Stephen R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear wave-mixing in solids with ultrafast x-rays can provide new insight into complex electronic dynamics of materials. Here, tabletop-based attosecond noncollinear four-wave mixing (FWM) spectroscopy using one extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse from high harmonic generation and two separately timed few-cycle near-infrared (NIR) pulses characterizes the dynamics of the Na+ L2,3 edge core-excitons in NaCl around 33.5 eV. An inhomogeneous distribution of core-excitons underlying the well-known doublet absorption of the Na+ Γ-point core-exciton spectrum is deconvoluted by the resonance-enhanced nonlinear wave-mixing spectroscopy. In addition, other dark excitonic states that are coupled to the XUV-allowed levels by the NIR pulses are characterized spectrally and temporally. Approximate sub-10 femtosecond coherence lifetimes of the core-exciton states are observed. The core-excitonic properties are discussed in the context of strong electron-hole exchange interactions, electron-electron correlation, and electron-phonon broadening. This investigation successfully indicates that tabletop attosecond FWM spectroscopies represent a viable technique for time-resolved solid-state measurements.
Helvetia rinaldiae Gustavo R. S. Ruiz & Antonio D. Brescovit 2008, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Helvetia
Helvetia rinaldiae

description: Helvetia rinaldiae sp. nov. Figs 21-22 Types. Female holotype from Serra do Cachimbo, Novo Progresso, Pará, Brazil, deposited in MPEG 2088; female paratype from Fazenda Gold Farm, Vitoriana, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 01.X.1986, I.M.P. Rinaldi & L.C. Forti leg., deposited in UBTU 2658. Etymology. The species is named in honour of the Brazilian arachnologist Isabella M.P. Rinaldi, who collected one of the type specimens. Diagnosis. Females of this species can be easily distinguished from others by the wide deep epigynal atrium (Figs 21 and 22). Description. Female (holotype). Total length: 4.35. Carapace dark brown, 1.75 long, 1.10 wide, 0.65 high. Cephalic area black. Ocular quadrangle 0.85 long. Anterior eye row 0.90 wide and posterior 0.95 wide. Chelicera brown. Endite, labium and sternum dark brown. Legs 4132, yellow, I-II with longitudinal brown stripes. Length of femur: I 0.80, II 0.65, III 0.65, IV 1.00; patella + tibia: I 1.00, II 0.75, III 0.70, IV 1.15; metatarsus + tarsus: I 0.55, II 0.55, III 0.75, IV 0.95. Spination. Femur I, II, III, IV d1-1-1; tibia I, II v1 pr, III v2 di, IV v2 di, p1; metatarsus I, II v2-2, III, IV v1, p2di, r1di. Abdomen cream colored with a pair of wide longitudinal brown stripes laterally and a narrow longitudinal brown one; ventrally grayish. Epigynum as in figures 21 and 22. Spinnerets dark brown. Male. Unknown. Variation. Two females: total length: 4.35-4.45; carapace length: 1.75-1.80. Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Pará: Novo Progresso (Serra do Cachimbo, Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso), 1 female, 8.IX-25.V.2003, A.B. Bonaldo leg. (IBSP 81049, ex- MPEG 1364). Distribution. Known from the states of Pará and São Paulo, Brazil. Note. This species has an epigynum much modified, but the remaining morphological characters are very similar to those of the group in which the type species is located. Its inclusion in the genus may be corroborated with the future description of the male.
description: Published as part of Gustavo R. S. Ruiz & Antonio D. Brescovit, 2008, Revision of Helvetia (Araneae: Salticidae: Heliophaninae), pp. 139-147 in Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25 (1) on pages 146-147, DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81752008000100018, http://zenodo.org/record/3678502
Bell-states diagonal entanglement witnesses for relativistic and non-relativistic multispinor systems in arbitrary dimensions
Creators: name: Jafarizadeh, M. A.
name: Sufiani, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two kinds of Bell-states diagonal (BSD) entanglement witnesses (EW) are constructed by using the algebra of Dirac $γ$ matrices in the space-time of arbitrary dimension $d$, where the first kind can detect some BSD relativistic and non-relativistic $m$-partite multispinor bound entangled states in Hilbert space of dimension $2^{m\lfloor d/2\rfloor}$, including the bipartite Bell-type and iso-concurrence type states in the four-dimensional space-time ($d=4$). By using the connection between Hilbert-Schmidt measure and the optimal EWs associated with states, it is shown that as far as the spin quantum correlations is concerned, the amount of entanglement is not a relativistic scalar and has no invariant meaning. The introduced EWs are manipulated via the linear programming (LP) which can be solved exactly by using simplex method. The decomposability or non-decomposability of these EWs is investigated, where the region of non-decomposable EWs of the first kind is partially determined and it is shown that, all of the EWs of the second kind are decomposable. These EWs have the preference that in the bipartite systems, they can determine the region of separable states, i.e., bipartite non-detectable density matrices of the same type as the EWs of the first kind are necessarily separable. Also, multispinor EWs with non-polygon feasible regions are provided, where the problem is solved by approximate LP, and in contrary to the exactly manipulatable EWs, both the first and second kind of the optimal approximate EWs can detect some bound entangled states. Keywords: Relativistic entanglement, Entanglement Witness, Multispinor, Linear Programming, Feasible Region. PACs Index: 03.65.Ud
description: 62 pages
Global changes effects on biodiversity conservation of mayfly and stonefly species in Pyrenean high mountain streams.
Creators: name: PUIG M., CAMARERO L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Climate change, Stoneflies, Plecoptera, Insecta

description: Abstract 1st Meeting of the Iberian Ecological Society, XIV AEET Meeting. Barcelona, Spain 4th – 7th February 2019: 135.
Finite Element Analysis and Design of Suspended Steel-Fibre Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Creators: name: Soyemi, Olugbenga
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2018

description: Over the last 20 years, there has been a rapid expansion in the construction of pile-supported and elevated steel-fibre-reinforced [SFRC] concrete slabs. The use of fibres to replace some or all of the conventional steel reinforcement leads to a significant reduction in construction time. However, current guidance is limited and is dominated by approximate elastic and plastic classical solutions. The design guidelines and construction of the majority of constructed SFRC slabs is almost entirely proprietary (provided by fibre manufacturers and suppliers) and different guidelines from nations (embedded with safety concerns). As a result, designers are unwilling to underwrite current designs in the absence of adequate independent guidance. In this research work, the behaviour of suspended SFRC slabs was studied under concentrated loadings. Available experimental data were used to study the effect of steel fibres on the post-cracking response of concrete. Subsequently, the SFRC constitutive model proposed by Lok and Xiao (1999) was adopted alongside the concrete damaged plasticity model of ABAQUS based on the validation work done. The reliability of the FE numerical model predictions was ensured by calibrating it against existing experimental data. Consequently, additional analyses were carried out examining three main case studies of SFRC slabs namely, single simply supported slabs, 4-panel pile-supported slab (i.e. statically-indeterminate) and 9-panel elevated slab. Parametric studies were carried out covering the full practical range of steel fibre dosages. The results testify that numerically steel fibres can replace rebar in slabs as obtained in the experiment and additional fibres increase the load-carrying capacity, strength and stiffness (thus enhancing response at both the serviceability and ultimate limit states). Ductility was improved by the additional Fibres, and the mode of failure was altered from brittle to ductile. Thus three main parameters were considered in the parametric study, namely increasing the amount of fibres and characteristic strength and at the same time increasing the slab depth. The total removal of conventional reinforcement was achieved mainly by replacing them with steel-fibres. An FE numerical analysis is used to investigate the slab's structural behaviour under different loading conditions leading to transparent and well-defined design guidelines which are urgently needed by industry. Simple design equations were derived using regression analysis to estimate the yield load and the maximum load carrying capacity of the slabs with their corresponding central displacements. These equations were compared with existing design guidelines, and the equations perform better in their estimation.
title: Le fonti di integrazione del contratto
Creators: name: Rodotà, Stefano
Publisher: name: Roma Tre University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05vf0dg29
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description:

Il volume di Stefano Rodotà sulle fonti di integrazione del contratto costituisce un ulteriore passo verso la presentazione della sua visione a tutto tondo dei fenomeni del diritto privato nella società contemporanea. Rodotà, come già aveva fatto nel suo volume precedente sulla responsabilità civile, supera approcci formalistici e cala le vicende del contratto nella nuova costituzione economica che aveva già illustrato nella sua prolusione del 1967 su “Ideologie e tecniche del diritto civile”. Le prospettive da lui avanzate – che oggi sono acquisite ma che all’epoca rompevano un quieto vivere intellettuale – sono almeno sei: (i) il complesso delle regole del contratto  è arricchito mediante fonti alternative a quelle della dichiarazione delle parti, (ii) ciò determina un ampliamento del contenuto e quindi degli effetti del contratto, (iii) la integrazione non è un soltanto “riempimento delle lacune” trascurate o ignorate dalle parti, (iv) ai fini della sua integrazione il contratto va collocato nell’ambiente socioeconomico in cui deve svolgere i suoi effetti,  (vi) l’art. 41 Cost. presidia le regole esterne che disciplinano ed integrano il contratto.
Implications for cognitive quantum computation and decoherence limits in the presence of large extra dimensions
Creators: name: Mureika, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An interdisciplinary physical theory of emergent consciousness has previously been proposed, stemming from quantum computation-like behavior between 10^9 or more entangled molecular qubit states (microtubulin). This model relies on the Penrose-Diosi gravity-driven wavefunction collapse framework, and thus is subject to any secondary classical and quantum gravity effects. Specifically, if large extra spatial dimensions exist in the Universe, then the resulting corrections to Newtonian gravity cause this model to suffer serious difficulties. It is shown that if the extra dimensions are larger than 100 fm in size, then this model of consciousness is unphysical. If the dimensions are on the order of 10 fm in size, then a significantly smaller number of microtubulin than originally predicted are required to satisfy experimental constraints. Some speculation on evolution of consciousness is also offered, based on the possibility that the size of these extra dimensions may have been changing over the history of the Universe.
description: 16 pp, LaTeX; accepted in the International Journal of Theoretical Physics (online/print)
The Two-sector Economic Problem Of Persistent Organic Pollution and Baltic Sea Salmon Fisheries
Creators: name: Hutniczak, Barbara
name: Kronbak, Lone Grønbæk
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: The paper describes the general nature of two-sector environmental and natural resource problems and highlights the issue of two sector models where one sector imposes a one-sided negative externality on the other sector, e.g. the polluting sector causes changes in the economic value of the fishery sector. The paper sets up a general social planner model and demonstrates it in simple functional form, using the problem of persistent organic pollution in the Baltic Sea and its effects on the regulation and economic value of the Baltic Salmon. The paper illustrates how a modified golden rule can be used to describe the optimal link between the two sectors.
description: Consilience, No 6 (2011): Issue Six: 2011
The broad-band XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL spectra of bright type 1 Seyfert galaxies
Creators: name: Panessa, F.
name: Bassani, L.
name: De Rosa, A.
name: Bird, A. J.
name: Dean, A. J.
name: Fiocchi, M.
name: Malizia, A.
name: Molina, M.
name: Ubertini, P.
name: Walter, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 0.5-150 keV broad-band spectra of a sample of nine bright type 1 Seyfert galaxies are analyzed here. These sources have been discovered/detected by INTEGRAL and subsequently observed with XMM--Newton for the first time with high sensitivity below 10 keV. The sample, although small, is representative of the population of type 1 AGN which are now being observed above 20 keV. The intrinsic continuum has been modeled using three different parameterizations: a power-law model, an exponential cut-off power-law and an exponential cut-off power-law with a Compton reflection component. In each model the presence of intrinsic absorption, a soft component and emission line reprocessing features has also been tested. A simple power-law model is a statistically good description of most of the spectra presented here; an FeK line, fully and/or partial covering absorption and a soft spectral component are detected in the majority of the sample sources. The average photon index (< Gamma > = 1.7 $\pm$ 0.2) is consistent, within errors, with the canonical spectral slope often observed in AGN although the photon index distribution peaks in our case at flat Gamma (~ 1.5) values. For four sources, we find a significantly improved fit when the power-law is exponentially cut-off at an energy which is constrained to be below ~ 150 keV. The Compton reflection parameter could be estimated in only two objects of the sample and in both cases is found to be R > 1.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Isolating the impact of trading on grid frequency fluctuations
Creators: name: Schäfer, Benjamin
name: Timme, Marc
name: Witthaut, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To ensure reliable operation of power grids, their frequency shall stay within strict bounds. Multiple sources of disturbances cause fluctuations of the grid frequency, ranging from changing demand over volatile feed-in to energy trading. Here, we analyze frequency time series from the continental European grid in 2011 and 2017 as a case study to isolate the impact of trading. We find that trading at typical trading intervals such as full hours modifies the frequency fluctuation statistics. While particularly large frequency deviations in 2017 are not as frequent as in 2011, large deviations are more likely to occur shortly after the trading instances. A comparison between the two years indicates that trading at shorter intervals might be beneficial for frequency quality and grid stability, because particularly large fluctuations are substantially diminished. Furthermore, we observe that the statistics of the frequency fluctuations do not follow Gaussian distributions but are better described using heavy-tailed and asymmetric distributions, for example Lévy-stable distributions. Comparing intervals without trading to those with trading instances indicates that frequency deviations near the trading times are distributed more widely and thus extreme deviations are orders of magnitude more likely. Finally, we briefly review a stochastic analysis that allows a quantitative description of power grid frequency fluctuations.
Status, range, and habitat of the cascade mantled ground squirrel, Spermophilus Saturatus, in British Columbia
Creators: name: Leung, Maria Ching-Yee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In this study, I investigated three aspects pertaining to the conservation of the Cascade mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus saturatus). These were: 1) Its taxonomic relationship to its sibling species, S. lateralis; 2) Its range and distribution in British Columbia; and 3) A preliminary description of major components in S. saturatus habitat in British Columbia. The taxonomic relationship of S. saturatus to S. lateralis was determined by comparing skull characteristics and allele frequencies of blood enzymes. The skull of S. saturatus is larger and broader than its three neighbouring S. lateralis subspecies. S. saturatus had two alleles that were absent in S. lateralis and did not show segregation in any of the loci whereas S. lateralis did show polymorphism. Some S. lateralis were more closely related to S. saturatus than they were to other S. lateralis according to standard coefficients of genetic distance (Rogers' similarity and Nei's distance), but these came from the locations furthest from S. saturatus. The taxonomic status for S. saturatus is confirmed from the morphological differences, but is mainly validated by the presence of two unique alleles, together with geographic isolation from S. lateralis. The range and distribution of S. saturatus were determined from museum records, from survey forms, by recording opportunistic observations, by conducting stationary counts/walking transects, and by live-trapping. S. saturatus were found further north and west than previously reported, but not as far east as indicated by museum records. S. saturatus also appeared to be uncommon throughout its range in British Columbia. Drainage systems that delineate its range, and displacement by invading competitor species should be examined as probable factors limiting their dispersal. Survey methods used were evaluated and I make recommendations for their application in future surveys. The percent cover of different plant genera and unvegetated categories (e.g. rocks) was visually estimated at five natural locations (no food supplemented) and four food supplemented locations where S. saturatus were present. These cover types were placed in the perceived functional components of "natural food species", "burrowing sites", "perches" and "protective cover". This grouping into functional components provides a preliminary description of S. saturatus habitat. Although this study provides information on the taxonomic status, range, distribution, and habitat of S. saturatus in British Columbia and results in a recommendation for designating S. saturatus a "vulnerable species", further research is needed on these topics throughout its full range, including Washington State. These data are necessary to determine whether S. saturatus in British Columbia are representative of the species and what efforts are needed for their conservation.
Export Composition and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Panel Analysis
Creators: name: Bbaale, Edward
name: Mutenyo, John
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: This paper was guided by the hypothesis that it is not exports per se that matter, but different export components influence growth differently. We considered a sample of 35 sub-Sahara African countries based on availability of data on the key variables. Aggregate data were obtained from the most recent World Bank‟s World Development Indicators and International Monetary Fund‟s International Finance Statistics online facilities. Disaggregated data on exports and imports were obtained from the United Nation‟s Statistical Database under Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 4. The Generalized Methods of Moments estimator was employed during the analysis. We find that it is the growth in agricultural exports, and not manufactured exports, that is significantly associated with per capita income growth in our sample. These countries should adopt policies that increase agricultural exports in the medium term as they design strategies for increasing manufactured exports in the long term. Other factors significantly influencing growth are gross capital formation, capital goods imports, infrastructure, government consumption, and inflation rate, political systems and governance, and education.
description: Consilience, No 6 (2011): Issue Six: 2011
Multi-scale model of gradient evolution in turbulent flows
Creators: name: Biferale, Luca
name: Chevillard, Laurent
name: Meneveau, Charles
name: Toschi, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multi-scale model for the evolution of the velocity gradient tensor in fully developed turbulence is proposed. The model is based on a coupling between a ``Restricted Euler'' dynamics [{\it P. Vieillefosse, Physica A, {\bf 14}, 150 (1984)}] which describes gradient self-stretching, and a deterministic cascade model which allows for energy exchange between different scales. We show that inclusion of the cascade process is sufficient to regularize the well-known finite time singularity of the Restricted Euler dynamics. At the same time, the model retains topological and geometrical features of real turbulent flows: these include the alignment between vorticity and the intermediate eigenvector of the strain-rate tensor and the typical teardrop shape of the joint probability density between the two invariants, $R-Q$, of the gradient tensor. The model also possesses skewed, non-Gaussian longitudinal gradient fluctuations and the correct scaling of energy dissipation as a function of Reynolds number. Derivative flatness coefficients are in good agreement with experimental data.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Attention-based distributed speech enhancement for unconstrained microphone arrays with varying number of nodes
Creators: name: Furnon, Nicolas
name: Serizel, Romain
name: Essid, Slim
name: Illina, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Speech enhancement promises higher efficiency in ad-hoc microphone arrays than in constrained microphone arrays thanks to the wide spatial coverage of the devices in the acoustic scene. However, speech enhancement in ad-hoc microphone arrays still raises many challenges. In particular, the algorithms should be able to handle a variable number of microphones, as some devices in the array might appear or disappear. In this paper, we propose a solution that can efficiently process the spatial information captured by the different devices of the microphone array, while being robust to a link failure. To do this, we use an attention mechanism in order to put more weight on the relevant signals sent throughout the array and to neglect the redundant or empty channels.
Anomalous transparency of water-air interface for low-frequency sound
Creators: name: Godin, Oleg A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sound transmission through water-air interface is normally weak because of a strong mass density contrast. Here we show that the transparency of the interface increases dramatically at low frequencies. Rather counterintuitively, almost all acoustic energy emitted by a sufficiently shallow monopole source under water is predicted to be radiated into atmosphere. Physically, increased transparency at lower frequencies is due to the increasing role of inhomogeneous waves and a destructive interference of direct and surface-reflected waves under water. The phenomenon of anomalous transparency has significant implications for acoustic communication across the water-air interface, generation of ambient noise, and detection of underwater explosions.
description: 29 pages, including 4 figures
Note from the Editor-in-Chief
Creators: name: Subramanyan, Vighnesh
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: Dear readers, It is my privilege to present you Issue 6 of Consilience. Our editorial board has been working tirelessly through the late spring and summer to put this issue together, which at 319 pages is by far our longest and most ambitious issue. It is also a very international issue, as we published submissions from five continents, from Norway to Uganda, on topics as diverse as fisheries management, malarial vaccination resistance and the validity of economic measures. Impressive statistics aside, we are proud to remain a student-run journal that showcases work by a range of authors, including undergraduate and graduate students, scholars and members of the broader sustainable development community, on a wide array of topics. I would like to take this opportunity to offer a few thanks: to our absolutely fantastic editorial team, whose intelligence and dedication continue to inspire me; to our outgoing Editor-in-Chief and Managing Editor, Monica Varman and Delphia Polle, for their tireless dedication toConsilience; to our incoming leadership team, Felipe Goncalves, Jodie Liu and Kelsey Umemoto, for their constant effort on this issue. I offer a large thanks to our authors, whose effort is the substance of this journal. And, finally, to you, our readers, who have helped spread word of Consilience to far-flung corners of the world. Our presence as a leading, student-driven voice on the global stage is very much due to you. As we continue to expand the range of media which we use to publish interdisciplinary research at the cutting edge of the field, I encourage you to continue engaging with us. Enjoy the issue! Vighnesh Subramanyan Editor-in-Chief Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development August 30, 2011
description: Consilience, No 6 (2011): Issue Six: 2011
Additional file 3 of Monitoring for COVID-19 by universal testing in a homeless shelter in Germany: a prospective feasibility cohort study
Creators: name: Lindner, Andreas K.
name: Sarma, Navina
name: Rust, Luise Marie
name: Hellmund, Theresa
name: Krasovski-Nikiforovs, Svetlana
name: Wintel, Mia
name: Klaes, Sarah M.
name: Hoerig, Merle
name: Monert, Sophia
name: Schwarzer, Rolf
name: Edelmann, Anke
name: Martinez, Gabriela Equihua
name: Mockenhaupt, Frank P.
name: Kurth, Tobias
name: Seybold, Joachim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 3. Description of the coding tree for the qualitative analysis.
The Impact of Continued Mekong Basin Hydropower Development on Local Livelihoods
Creators: name: Pearse-Smith, Scott William David
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: Hydropower development of the Mekong Basin is proceeding at an increasingly rapid pace. Hydropower has already affected the natural and social environments of the Mekong, and threatens to cause further devastation for local livelihoods as hydropower projects increase in size and number. This article builds upon scientific knowledge of the environmental effects of Mekong hydropower development to consider what impacts these environmental changes will have on local livelihoods. Attention is focused on how hydropower development will affect crucial renewable resources, and how this will affect the production of food and income for millions of the basin’s inhabitants. This study contends that the food and economic security of the majority of the local population is inextricably intertwined with the integrity of the natural environment. Therefore, continued hydropower development will have a devastating impact on the livelihoods of millions of the basin’s inhabitants. More sustainable alternatives are desperately required.
description: Consilience, No 7 (2012): Issue Seven: 2012
Stellar astrophysics in the near UV with VLT-CUBES
Creators: name: Ernandes, H.
name: Evans, C. J.
name: Barbuy, B.
name: Castilho, B.
name: Cescutti, G.
name: Christlieb, N.
name: Cristiani, S.
name: Cupani, G.
name: Di Marcantonio, P.
name: Franchini, M.
name: Hansen, C.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Smiljanic, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alongside future observations with the new European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), optimised instruments on the 8-10m generation of telescopes will still be competitive at 'ground UV' wavelengths (3000-4000 A). The near UV provides a wealth of unique information on the nucleosynthesis of iron-peak elements, molecules, and neutron-capture elements. In the context of development of the near-UV CUBES spectrograph for ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), we are investigating the impact of spectral resolution on the ability to estimate chemical abundances for beryllium and more than 30 iron-peak and heavy elements. From work ahead of the Phase A conceptual design of CUBES, here we present a comparison of the elements observable at the notional resolving power of CUBES (R~20,000) to those with VLT-UVES (R~40,000). For most of the considered lines signal-to-noise is a more critical factor than resolution. We summarise the elements accessible with CUBES, several of which (e.g. Be, Ge, Hf) are now the focus of quantitative simulations as part of the ongoing Phase A study.
The Mysterious Bloom
Creators: name: Boehr, Rachel
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: Central America’s deepest lake is Lake Atitlán, located in the department of Sololá, just 50 miles from the famous old city of Antigua. Residents depend on the lake for daily life and commerce. Each year, thousands of tourists visit the region to experience the local Mayan culture, learn Spanish, and holiday amidst the picturesque surroundings. Unfortunately, in late 2009 a combination of factors including poor waste treatment, climate change, and inorganic fertilizers caused the lake to be contaminated with mysterious algae that left the local tourism industry devastated and residents scrambling for answers. Localized efforts to cleanup the lake by straining the bacteria out of the water were thwarted by continuous regrowth of the bloom. While the threat of climate change and its heightened impact on impoverished communities increases, government plans to deal with the major contamination issues in the region remain stalled, leading tourists, residents, and businesspeople left to wonder about the murky future of one of Central America’s most beautiful natural wonders.
description: Consilience, No 7 (2012): Issue Seven: 2012
Smectic-$A$ elastomers with weak director anchoring
Creators: name: Adams, J. M.
name: Warner, M.
name: Stenull, O.
name: Lubensky, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimentally it is possible to manipulate the director in a (chiral) smectic-$A$ elastomer using an electric field. This suggests that the director is not necessarily locked to the layer normal, as described in earlier papers that extended rubber elasticity theory to smectics. Here, we consider the case that the director is weakly anchored to the layer normal assuming that there is a free energy penalty associated with relative tilt between the two. We use a recently developed weak-anchoring generalization of rubber elastic approaches to smectic elastomers and study shearing in the plane of the layers, stretching in the plane of the layers, and compression and elongation parallel to the layer normal. We calculate, inter alia, the engineering stress and the tilt angle between director and layer normal as functions of the applied deformation. For the latter three deformations, our results predict the existence of an instability towards the development of shear accompanied by smectic-$C$-like order.
description: 11 figures, 9 pages, 1 appendix
Male Circumcision Pilot Program in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: Jung, Jaehyun
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: Male circumcision is one method of effective prevention against HIV/AIDS. In Malawi, however, male circumcision is not the predominant practice. Project Malawi conducted a pilot program of male circumcision for villagers with fully subsidized operation costs. After we conducted sensitization programs to create demand for circumcision, the rate of male circumcision has increased. This pilot project allowed us to consider the acceptability of male circumcision in Malawi. Unsafe surgery, a long recovery period, religious beliefs, and age were the most-cited reasons Malawians rejected male circumcision. We also have found three critical barriers—operation cost, transportation cost, and opportunity cost—which can largely explain the limited accessibility of male circumcision procedures. Lastly, in order to scale up male circumcision in Malawi, the importance of delivering the complete information and significant availability issues need to be addressed.
description: Consilience, No 7 (2012): Issue Seven: 2012
Kinematic, force and dexterity analyses of planar robotic grasping
Creators: name: Saliba, Michael A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The grasping of an object or workpiece is an important step of robotic manipulation and is the main function of a robot hand. This has been a subject of considerable research. Robotic hands that can conform to the shape of a workpiece can provide efficient and stable handling, and furthermore, through suitable sensors, can serve as means for extracting information regarding the workpiece. But, for reasons of cost, size and weight, conformability of a robotic hand should be realized with the least possible number of actuators. In this study, a planar robotic gripper, suitable for the grasping and handling of a variety of objects, is designed, analysed, constructed and tested. The design has two fingers, four links, and two actuators, but can be directly extended to more links while keeping the number of actuators unchanged. This robotic end effector exhibits two distinctive features. First, it utilizes fewer number of actuators than it has degrees of freedom, thus providing quantifiable savings in weight, size, complexity and cost. Second, it is capable of conforming to different shapes and sizes of object through autonomous, sequential switching of the actuator drives between links. An analysis of the mechanics of the grasping process using a hand of this type is carried out, and simulated results are compared to the experimental results. Close agreement is exhibited in these comparisons. The analysis is extended to a six degree-of-freedom gripper, and to grippers having simultaneous, rather than sequential, link motion. In the final part of the study, a new method for the measurement of dexterity in grasping is proposed, based on the results obtained from the analyses and simulations. Accordingly, a robotic hand of the types analysed can be assigned a Grasping Dexterity value, defined as a measure of the ability of the hand to achieve successful grasps under a variety of situations in the shortest possible time.
Exploring the Source of Green Gold
Creators: name: Smith, Ida Dokk
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: The global value chain has provided opportunities for artisanal gold mining communities in Colombia to build a mining model based on ecological principles. In the region of El Chocó, Colombia Corporación Oro Verde was established in 1999. The program established a certificate scheme, which is now integrated into the newly developed Fairmined and Fairtrade standard. The label guarantees that the gold is extracted and processed in compliance with social and environmental standards, and without the use of chemicals. In return the miners are offered favorable market access and a 15% premium on top of a guaranteed price. Oro Verde serves as an example of local development from the bottom up, while also illustrating that this development is achieved only when a set of actors works together – from the local to the international level. The challenge ahead is to balance the need for revenue generation activities and increasing production, with environmental considerations.
description: Consilience, No 7 (2012): Issue Seven: 2012