cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Determining Inclinations of Active Galactic Nuclei Via Their Narrow-Line Region Kinematics - II. Correlation With Observed Properties
Creators: name: Fischer, T. C.
name: Crenshaw, D. M.
name: Kraemer, S. B.
name: Schmitt, H. R.
name: Turner, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are axisymmetric systems to first order; their observed properties are likely strong functions of inclination with respect to our line of sight, yet the specific inclinations of all but a few AGN are generally unknown. By determining the inclinations and geometries of nearby Seyfert galaxies using the kinematics of their narrow-line regions (NLRs), and comparing them with observed properties, we find strong correlations between inclination and total hydrogen column density, infrared color, and H-beta full-width at half maximum (FWHM). These correlations provide evidence that the orientation of AGN with respect to our line of sight affects how we perceive them, beyond the Seyfert type dichotomy. They can also be used to constrain 3D models of AGN components such as the broad-line region and torus. Additionally, we find weak correlations between AGN luminosity and several modeled NLR parameters, which suggests that the NLR geometry and kinematics are dependent to some degree on the AGN's radiation field.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 28 pages, 8 figures
The Shear Viscosity in Anisotropic Phases
Creators: name: Jain, Sachin
name: Samanta, Rickmoy
name: Trivedi, Sandip P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct anisotropic black brane solutions and analyse the behaviour of some of their metric perturbations. These solutions correspond to field theory duals in which rotational symmetry is broken due an externally applied, spatially constant, force. We find, in several examples, that when the anisotropy is sufficiently big compared to the temperature, some components of the viscosity tensor can become very small in units of the entropy density, parametrically violating the KSS bound. We obtain an expression relating these components of the viscosity, in units of the entropy density, to a ratio of metric components at the horizon of the black brane. This relation is generally valid, as long as the forcing function is translationally invariant, and it directly connects the parametric violation of the bound to the anisotropy in the metric at the horizon. Our results suggest the possibility that such small components of the viscosity tensor might also arise in anisotropic strongly coupled fluids found in nature.
description: 30 pages + 4 page appendix, 3 figures, added references
Phase-sensitive bichromatic photoresistance in a two-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Shi, Q.
name: Khodas, M.
name: Levchenko, A.
name: Zudov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied microwave photoresistance in a two-dimensional electron system subject to two radiation fields (frequencies $ω_1$ and $ω_2$) using quantum kinetic equation. We have found that when $ω_2/ω_1= 1 + 2/N$, where $N$ is an integer, and both waves have the same polarization, the displacement mechanism gives rise to a new, phase-sensitive photoresistance. This photoresistance oscillates with the magnetic field and can be a good fraction of the total photoresistance under typical experimental conditions. The inelastic mechanism, on the other hand, gives zero phase-sensitive photoresistance if the radiation fields are circularly polarized.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Rational points and zero-cycles on rationally connected varieties over number fields
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We report on progress in the qualitative study of rational points on rationally connected varieties over number fields, also examining integral points, zero-cycles, and non-rationally connected varieties. One of the main objectives is to highlight and explain the many recent interactions with analytic number theory.
description: 43 pages; v2: minor improvements; v3: updated bibliography
Chow motives without projectivity, II
Creators: name: Wildeshaus, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F42, 14C25, 14F20, 14F32, 18E30, 19E15

description: The purpose of this article is to provide a simplified construction of the intermediate extension of a Chow motive, provided a condition on absence of weights in the boundary is satisfied. We give a criterion, which guarantees the validity of the condition, and compare our new construction to the theory of the interior motive established earlier. We finish the article with a review of the known applications to the boundary of Shimura varieties.
description: 43 pages; accepted for publication in Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN. One new chapter added ("5 Examples: the boundary of certain Shimura varieties"), new numbering of the sections, which is now compatible with the version to be published
Linking partial and quasi dynamical symmetries in rotational nuclei
Creators: name: Kremer, C.
name: Beller, J.
name: Leviatan, A.
name: Pietralla, N.
name: Rainovski, G.
name: Trippel, R.
name: Van Isacker, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Quasi dynamical symmetries (QDS) and partial dynamical symmetries (PDS) play an important role in the understanding of complex systems. Up to now these symmetry concepts have been considered to be unrelated. Purpose: Establish a link between PDS and QDS and find an emperical manifestation. Methods: Quantum number fluctuations and the intrinsic state formalism are used within the framework of the interacting boson model of nuclei. Results: A previously unrecognized region of the parameter space of the interacting boson model that has both O(6) PDS (purity) and SU(3) QDS (coherence) in the ground band is established. Many rare-earth nuclei approximately satisfying both symmetry requirements are identified. Conclusions: PDS are more abundant than previously recognized and can lead to a QDS of an incompatible symmetry.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
title: The Effect of Prenatal Breastfeeding Classes on the Initiation Rate and Duration of Breastfeeding
Creators: name: Rupnarine, Rebecca
name: Hall, Sarah
name: Harris, Jasmine
name: Mariano, Sarah
name: Everhart, Kelley
name: Hansel, Christen
name: Eichas, Arianne Kris
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Aim: To determine whether an educational prenatal breastfeeding class will increase the initiation rate and duration of breastfeeding among mothers.

Background: Breastfeeding rates continue to be low, particularly among teenage mothers and nonwhite mothers. Some of the factors that contribute to this are social support, education about breastfeeding, social stigmas, and time.

Significance: Breastfeeding can provide many positive benefits to mothers, babies, and communities. Having no breastfeeding education makes women less likely to initiate and maintain breastfeeding.

Methods: Correlational quasi-experimental design. Prenatal breastfeeding class lasting 8 weeks prior to childbirth. Phone interview at 1 week postpartum to determine if breastfeeding was initiated and follow up phone interviews at 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months postpartum to determine duration of breastfeeding.

Analysis: For this research study we plan to analyze our data in the following way: We will evaluate the demographics and present descriptive statistics to describe our sample and to determine if there were group differences. For our independent variable (IV) and dependent variables (DV), in order to test our hypothesis, we will use Pearson’s Correlational Test to evaluate the correlation between the prenatal breastfeeding class and initiation and duration of breastfeeding.

Limitations: Limitations of this study are potential of lack of participation in the class, difficulty with communication postpartum, and small sample size.
Multimode: An R Package for Mode Assessment
Creators: name: Ameijeiras-Alonso, Jose
name: Crujeiras, Rosa M.
name: Rodríguez-Casal, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In several applied fields, multimodality assessment is a crucial task as a previous exploratory tool or for determining the suitability of certain distributions. The goal of this paper is to present the utilities of the R package multimode, which collects different exploratory and testing nonparametric approaches for determining the number of modes and their estimated location. Specifically, some graphical tools, allowing for the identification of mode patterns, based on the kernel density estimation are provided (SiZer map, mode tree or mode forest). Several formal testing procedures for determining the number of modes are described in this paper and implemented in the multimode package, including methods based on the ideas of the critical bandwidth, the excess mass or using a combination of both. This package also includes a function for estimating the modes locations and different classical data examples that have been considered in mode testing literature.
A Primer of Group Theory for Loop Quantum Gravity and Spin-foams
Creators: name: Martin-Dussaud, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) and spin-foams theory rely heavily on group theory of SU(2) and SL(2,C). Even though many monographs exist devoted to this theory, the different tools needed (e.g. representation theory, harmonic analysis, recoupling theory...) are often dispersed in different books, with different conventions and notations. This was the initial motivation for the compilation of the present document. Generally, these notes can serve three main purposes: a concise introduction for students to the essential mathematical tools of LQG, a convenient compendium for researchers, a translational hub between the conventions of the main references. These notes are aimed both at physicists, caring about their tools being mathematically well-grounded, and at mathematicians, curious about how some of their familiar abstract structures can reveal the beauty of quantum gravity.
Defining a Trend for a Time Series Which Makes Use of the Intrinsic Time-Scale Decomposition
Creators: name: Restrepo, Juan M.
name: Venkataramani, Shankar C.
name: Comeau, Darin
name: Flaschka, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62M09, 62M10, 62M20, 62G05, 62G08

description: We propose criteria that define a trend for time series with inherent multi-scale features. We call this trend the {\it tendency} of a time series. The tendency is defined empirically by a set of criteria and captures the large-scale temporal variability of the original signal as well as the most frequent events in its histogram. Among other properties, the tendency has a variance no larger than that of the original signal; the histogram of the difference between the original signal and the tendency is as symmetric as possible; and with reduced complexity, the tendency captures essential features of the signal. To find the tendency we first use the Intrinsic Time-Scale Decomposition (ITD) of the signal, introduced in 2007 by Frei and Osorio, to produce a set of candidate tendencies. We then apply the criteria to each of the candidates to single out the one that best agrees with them. While the criteria for the tendency are independent of the signal decomposition scheme, it is found that the ITD is a simple and stable methodology, well suited for multi-scale signals. The ITD is a relatively new decomposition and little is known about its outcomes. In this study we take the first steps towards a probabilistic model of the ITD analysis of random time series. This analysis yields details concerning the universality and scaling properties of the components of the decomposition.
description: 27 Pages, 16 Figures, 1 Appendix
Square root-based multi-source early PSD estimation and recursive RETF update in reverberant environments by means of the orthogonal Procrustes problem
Creators: name: Dietzen, T.
name: Doclo, S.
name: Moonen, M.
name: van Waterschoot, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-channel short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain-based processing of reverberant microphone signals commonly relies on power-spectral-density (PSD) estimates of early source images, where early refers to reflections contained within the same STFT frame. State-of-the-art approaches to multi-source early PSD estimation, given an estimate of the associated relative early transfer functions (RETFs), conventionally minimize the approximation error defined with respect to the early correlation matrix, requiring non-negative inequality constraints on the PSDs. Instead, we here propose to factorize the early correlation matrix and minimize the approximation error defined with respect to the early-correlation-matrix square root. The proposed minimization problem -- constituting a generalization of the so-called orthogonal Procrustes problem -- seeks a unitary matrix and the square roots of the early PSDs up to an arbitrary complex argument, making non-negative inequality constraints redundant. A solution is obtained iteratively, requiring one singular value decomposition (SVD) per iteration. The estimated unitary matrix and early PSD square roots further allow to recursively update the RETF estimate, which is not inherently possible in the conventional approach. An estimate of the said early-correlation-matrix square root itself is obtained by means of the generalized eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD), where we further propose to restore non-stationarities by desmoothing the generalized eigenvalues in order to compensate for inevitable recursive averaging. Simulation results indicate fast convergence of the proposed multi-source early PSD estimation approach in only one iteration if initialized appropriately, and better performance as compared to the conventional approach.
Low-energy effective field theory below the electroweak scale: matching at one loop
Creators: name: Dekens, Wouter
name: Stoffer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the one-loop matching between the Standard Model Effective Field Theory and the low-energy effective field theory below the electroweak scale, where the heavy gauge bosons, the Higgs particle, and the top quark are integrated out. The complete set of matching equations is derived including effects up to dimension six in the power counting of both theories. We present the results for general flavor structures and include both the $CP$-even and $CP$-odd sectors. The matching equations express the masses, gauge couplings, as well as the coefficients of dipole, three-gluon, and four-fermion operators in the low-energy theory in terms of the parameters of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. Using momentum insertion, we also obtain the matching for the $CP$-violating theta angles. Our results provide an ingredient for a model-independent analysis of constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model. They can be used for fixed-order calculations at one-loop accuracy and represent a first step towards a systematic next-to-leading-log analysis.
description: 66 pages, 7 tables, 754 diagrams; includes finite shifts due to tree-level evanescents
Integrated sidelobe cancellation and linear prediction Kalman filter for joint multi-microphone speech dereverberation, interfering speech cancellation, and noise reduction
Creators: name: Dietzen, T.
name: Doclo, S.
name: Moonen, M.
name: van Waterschoot, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In multi-microphone speech enhancement, reverberation as well as additive noise and/or interfering speech are commonly suppressed by deconvolution and spatial filtering, e.g., using multi-channel linear prediction (MCLP) on the one hand and beamforming, e.g., a generalized sidelobe canceler (GSC), on the other hand. In this paper, we consider several reverberant speech components, whereof some are to be dereverberated and others to be canceled, as well as a diffuse (e.g., babble) noise component to be suppressed. In order to perform both deconvolution and spatial filtering, we integrate MCLP and the GSC into a novel architecture referred to as integrated sidelobe cancellation and linear prediction (ISCLP), where the sidelobe-cancellation (SC) filter and the linear prediction (LP) filter operate in parallel, but on different microphone signal frames. Within ISCLP, we estimate both filters jointly by means of a single Kalman filter. We further propose a spectral Wiener gain post-processor, which is shown to relate to the Kalman filter's posterior state estimate. The presented ISCLP Kalman filter is benchmarked against two state-of-the-art approaches, namely first a pair of alternating Kalman filters respectively performing dereverberation and noise reduction, and second an MCLP+GSC Kalman filter cascade. While the ISCLP Kalman filter is roughly $M^2$ times less expensive than both reference algorithms, where $M$ denotes the number of microphones, it is shown to perform similarly as compared to the former, and to outperform the latter.
Additional file 1 of Development and validation of an English test measuring EFL learners’ critical thinking skills
Creators: name: Hirai, Akiyo
name: Oka, Hideaki
name: Kato, Takeshi
name: Maeda, Hiroki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Darondeau-Pragacz formulas in complex cobordism
Creators: name: Nakagawa, Masaki
name: Naruse, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05, 14M15, 14N15, 55N20, 55N22, 57R77

description: In this paper, we generalize the push-forward (Gysin) formulas for flag bundles in the ordinary cohomology theory, which are due to Darondeau-Pragacz, to the complex cobordism theory. Then we introduce the {\it universal quadratic Schur functions}, which are a generalization of the (ordinary) quadratic Schur functions introduced by Darondeau-Pragacz, and establish some Gysin formulas for the universal quadratic Schur functions as an application of our Gysin formulas.
description: 22 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1705.04791; The exposition was improved considerably(The number of pages was reduced from 36 to 22). A part of this paper was separated from our previous paper arXiv:1705.04791, which will be revised soon
On Conservation Laws, Relaxation and Pre-relaxation after a Quantum Quench
Creators: name: Fagotti, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the time evolution following a quantum quench in spin-1/2 chains. It is well known that local conservation laws constrain the dynamics and, eventually, the stationary behavior of local observables. We show that some widely studied models, like the quantum XY model, possess extra families of local conservation laws in addition to the translation invariant ones. As a consequence, the additional charges must be included in the generalized Gibbs ensemble that describes the stationary properties. The effects go well beyond a simple redefinition of the stationary state. The time evolution of a non-translation invariant state under a (translation invariant) Hamiltonian with a perturbation that weakly breaks the hidden symmetries underlying the extra conservation laws exhibits pre-relaxation. In addition, in the limit of small perturbation, the time evolution following pre-relaxation can be described by means of a time-dependent generalized Gibbs ensemble.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor changes, a few references added
title: Phytophthora on Alnus spp. (alders)
Creators: name: Marçais, Benoit
name: Husson, Claude
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Quedlinburg
Year: 2013

description: JKI Data Sheets Plant Pests and Diagnosis; 2013/79; 3-13
Additional file 2 of Development and validation of an English test measuring EFL learners’ critical thinking skills
Creators: name: Hirai, Akiyo
name: Oka, Hideaki
name: Kato, Takeshi
name: Maeda, Hiroki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Density-Aware Convolutional Networks with Context Encoding for Airborne LiDAR Point Cloud Classification
Creators: name: Li, Xiang
name: Wang, Mingyang
name: Wen, Congcong
name: Wang, Lingjing
name: Zhou, Nan
name: Fang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To better address challenging issues of the irregularity and inhomogeneity inherently present in 3D point clouds, researchers have been shifting their focus from the design of hand-craft point feature towards the learning of 3D point signatures using deep neural networks for 3D point cloud classification. Recent proposed deep learning based point cloud classification methods either apply 2D CNN on projected feature images or apply 1D convolutional layers directly on raw point sets. These methods cannot adequately recognize fine-grained local structures caused by the uneven density distribution of the point cloud data. In this paper, to address this challenging issue, we introduced a density-aware convolution module which uses the point-wise density to re-weight the learnable weights of convolution kernels. The proposed convolution module is able to fully approximate the 3D continuous convolution on unevenly distributed 3D point sets. Based on this convolution module, we further developed a multi-scale fully convolutional neural network with downsampling and upsampling blocks to enable hierarchical point feature learning. In addition, to regularize the global semantic context, we implemented a context encoding module to predict a global context encoding and formulated a context encoding regularizer to enforce the predicted context encoding to be aligned with the ground truth one. The overall network can be trained in an end-to-end fashion with the raw 3D coordinates as well as the height above ground as inputs. Experiments on the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) 3D labeling benchmark demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method for point cloud classification. Our model achieved a new state-of-the-art performance with an average F1 score of 71.2% and improved the performance by a large margin on several categories.
Supplementary Material for Interactive design of GPU-accelerated Image Data Flow Graphs and cross-platform deployment using multi-lingual code generation
Creators: name: Haase, Robert
name: Jain, Akanskha
name: Rigaud, Stéphane
name: Vorkel, Daniela
name: Rajasekhar, Pradeep
name: Suckert, Theresa
name: Lambert, Talley J.
name: Nunez-Iglesias, Juan
name: Poole, Daniel P.
name: Tomancak, Pavel
name: Myers, Eugene W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bio-image Analysis
GPU-Acceleration
Image Data Flow Graphs
CLIJ
clEsperanto

description: This archive contains the Supplementary Material, Videos, Raw Data and Scripts of our preprint entitled "Interactive design of GPU-accelerated Image Data Flow Graphs and cross-platform deployment using multi-lingual code generation"
Decoherence assisted transport in a dimer system
Creators: name: Sinayskiy, I.
name: Marais, A.
name: Petruccione, F.
name: Ekert, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of a dimer coupled to two different environments each in a spin star configuration under the influence of decoherence is studied. The exact analytical expression for the transition probability in the dimer system is obtained for different situations, i.e., independent and correlated environments. In all cases considered, it is shown that there exist well-defined ranges of parameters for which decoherent interaction with the environment assists energy transfer in the dimer system. In particular, we find that correlated environments can assist energy transfer more efficiently than separate baths.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Webinars sobre Buenas Prácticas en los Procesos Editoriales de Revistas Científicas para LILACS (2019) - Sesión VI - Tema: "Peer Review"
Creators: name: BIREME/OPS/OMS
name: Spinak., Ernesto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Buenas prácticas
Ciência aberta
LILACS
Editores LILACS
Revistas LILACS
Buenas Prácticas Editoriales

description: (06|09) PEER REVIEW - Buenas Prácticas Proceso Editorial LILACS 2019 • Sesión 06 | 21 de agosto de 2019 • Tema: "Peer Review" • Panelista: Ernesto Spinak
Ab initio design of charge-mismatched ferroelectric superlattices
Creators: name: Cazorla, Claudio
name: Stengel, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic approach to modeling the electrical and structural properties of charge-mismatched superlattices from first principles. Our strategy is based on bulk calculations of the parent compounds, which we perform as a function of in-plane strain and out-of-plane electric displacement field. The resulting two-dimensional phase diagrams allow us to accurately predict, without performing further calculations, the behavior of a layered heterostructure where the aforementioned building blocks are electrostatically and elastically coupled, with an arbitrary choice of the interface charge (originated from the polar discontinuity) and volume ratio. By using the [PbTiO3]_m/[BiFeO3]_n system as test case, we demonstrate that interface polarity has a dramatic impact on the ferroelectric behavior of the superlattice, leading to the stabilization of otherwise inaccessible bulk phases.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 3 of Development and validation of an English test measuring EFL learners’ critical thinking skills
Creators: name: Hirai, Akiyo
name: Oka, Hideaki
name: Kato, Takeshi
name: Maeda, Hiroki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Effects of transparent online open procurement on prices, volumes, and costs of medicines: an interrupted time series study in Ningxia, China
Creators: name: Gao, Jingying
name: Liu, Chaojie
name: Li, Yinming
name: Chen, Xizhuo
name: Xue, Tianqin
name: Tang, Yuqing
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3214
subject: Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences

description: Objectives: To assess the effects of the transparent online open procurement arrangement on the prices, volumes, and costs of medicines in Ningxia, China. Methods: Data were extracted from the Ningxia pharmaceutical procurement platform, covering 16 months of purchase orders (December 2019 to March 2021) prior to the implementation of the transparent online open procurement policy and 20 months of purchase orders after the implementation of the policy (April 2021 to November 2022). Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of the transparent online open procurement policy on the prices, volumes, and total costs of the purchase orders. Results: After implementation of the transparent online open procurement policy, the average price of purchased medicines showed a declining trend by 0.012 Yuan per month, while the total volume of purchase orders declined at a rate by 1.741 million per month measured by the smallest formulation units and the total costs of the purchase orders decreased at a rate by 5.525 million Yuan per month. Conclusion: The transparent online open procurement policy resulted in reduced prices, lowered volumes, and lowered total costs of purchased orders of medicines.
Where is the Fake? Patch-Wise Supervised GANs for Texture Inpainting
Creators: name: Saad, Ahmed Ben
name: Tamaazousti, Youssef
name: Kherroubi, Josselin
name: He, Alexis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We tackle the problem of texture inpainting where the input images are textures with missing values along with masks that indicate the zones that should be generated. Many works have been done in image inpainting with the aim to achieve global and local consistency. But these works still suffer from limitations when dealing with textures. In fact, the local information in the image to be completed needs to be used in order to achieve local continuities and visually realistic texture inpainting. For this, we propose a new segmentor discriminator that performs a patch-wise real/fake classification and is supervised by input masks. During training, it aims to locate the fake and thus backpropagates consistent signal to the generator. We tested our approach on the publicly available DTD dataset and showed that it achieves state-of-the-art performances and better deals with local consistency than existing methods.
Effects of van der Waals Interactions in the Adsorption of Isooctane and Ethanol on Fe(100) Surfaces
Creators: name: Bedolla, Pedro O.
name: Feldbauer, Gregor
name: Wolloch, Michael
name: Eder, Stefan J.
name: Dörr, Nicole
name: Mohn, Peter
name: Redinger, Josef
name: Vernes, András
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals (vdW) forces play a fundamental role in the structure and behavior of diverse systems. Thanks to development of functionals that include non-local correlation, it is possible to study the effects of vdW interactions in systems of industrial and tribological interest. Here we simulated within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) the adsorption of isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) and ethanol on a Fe(100) surface, employing various exchange-correlation functionals to take vdW forces into account. In particular, this paper discusses the effect of vdW forces on the magnitude of adsorption energies, equilibrium geometries and their role in the binding mechanism. According to our calculations, vdW interactions increase the adsorption energies and reduce the equilibrium distances. Nevertheless, they do not influence the spatial configuration of the adsorbed molecules. Their effect on the electronic density is a non-isotropic, delocalized accumulation of charge between the molecule and the slab. In conclusion, vdW forces are essential for the adsorption of isooctane and ethanol on a bcc Fe(100) surface.
Numerical Implementation of a Cohesive Zone Model in History-Dependent Materials
Creators: name: Hakim, L.
name: Mikhailov, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 45, 65R, 74R

description: A non-linear history-dependent cohesive zone model of crack propagation in linear elastic and visco-elastic materials is presented. The viscoelasticity is described by a linear Volterra integral operator in time. The normal stress on the cohesive zone satisfies the history dependent yield condition, given by a non-linear Abel-type integral operator. The crack starts propagating, breaking the cohesive zone, when the crack tip opening reaches a prescribed critical value. A numerical algorithm for computing the evolution of the crack and cohesive zone in time is discussed along with some numerical results.
A Precise High-Dimensional Asymptotic Theory for Boosting and Minimum-$\ell_1$-Norm Interpolated Classifiers
Creators: name: Liang, Tengyuan
name: Sur, Pragya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper establishes a precise high-dimensional asymptotic theory for boosting on separable data, taking statistical and computational perspectives. We consider a high-dimensional setting where the number of features (weak learners) $p$ scales with the sample size $n$, in an overparametrized regime. Under a class of statistical models, we provide an exact analysis of the generalization error of boosting when the algorithm interpolates the training data and maximizes the empirical $\ell_1$-margin. Further, we explicitly pin down the relation between the boosting test error and the optimal Bayes error, as well as the proportion of active features at interpolation (with zero initialization). In turn, these precise characterizations answer certain questions raised in \cite{breiman1999prediction, schapire1998boosting} surrounding boosting, under assumed data generating processes. At the heart of our theory lies an in-depth study of the maximum-$\ell_1$-margin, which can be accurately described by a new system of non-linear equations; to analyze this margin, we rely on Gaussian comparison techniques and develop a novel uniform deviation argument. Our statistical and computational arguments can handle (1) any finite-rank spiked covariance model for the feature distribution and (2) variants of boosting corresponding to general $\ell_q$-geometry, $q \in [1, 2]$. As a final component, via the Lindeberg principle, we establish a universality result showcasing that the scaled $\ell_1$-margin (asymptotically) remains the same, whether the covariates used for boosting arise from a non-linear random feature model or an appropriately linearized model with matching moments.
description: 68 pages, 4 figures
Phylogenetic analyses of the MopB superfamily
Creators: name: Wells, Michael
name: Kim, Minjae
name: Akob, Denise
name: Basu, Partha
name: Stolz, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Phylogenetics Method
bioinformatics
metagenomics

description: The Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase (or MopB) family is a diverse assemblage of enzymes found throughout Bacteria and Archaea. Many of these enzymes are believed to have been present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all cellular lineages. However, gaps in knowledge remain on how MopB enzymes evolved and how this diversification of functions impacted global biogeochemical cycles through geologic time. In this study, we perform maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses on manually curated comparative genomic and metagenomic datasets containing over 47,000 distinct MopB homologs. We demonstrate that these enzymes constitute a catalytically and mechanistically diverse superfamily defined, not by the molybdo- or tungstopterin containing pterin (Mo/W-bisPGD) co-factor, but rather by the structural fold that binds it in the protein. Our results suggest that major metabolic innovations were the result of the loss of the metal co-factor, or the gain or loss of protein domains. Phylogenetic analyses also demonstrated that formate oxidation and CO2 reduction were the ancestral functions of the superfamily, traits that have been vertically inherited from LUCA. Nearly all of the other families, which drive all other biogeochemical cycles mediated by this superfamily, originated in the bacterial domain. Thus organisms from Bacteria have been the key drivers of catalytic and biogeochemical innovations within the superfamily. The relative ordination of MopB families and their associated catalytic activities emphasize fundamental mechanisms of evolution in this superfamily. Further, it underscores the importance of prokaryotic adaptability in response to the transition from an anoxic to oxidized atmosphere.
description: All datafiles can be viewed using a standard text editor. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees can be opened using any standard, open-source software programs for sequence and tree visualization.
description: Genomics datasets were obtained using NCBI's DELTA-BLAST tool. Analyses were restricted to phyla represented in the Integrated Microbial Genomics Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea. Metagenomic datasets were obtained from GTDB-TK. All metagenomic dataset analyses were performed using a computing cluster. BLASTx was used to find putative MopB superfamily members in the GTDB-TK dataset. All sequences were aligned using the online version of MAFFT. Phylogenetic analyses of the metagenomic datasets were done using a reduced dataset generated by the CDHIT program. We utilized the CDHIT 50 setting. All phylogenies and amino acid substitution model tests were done using IQTree. All phylogenies were generated using a computing cluster.
Anatomy of an extreme event: What can we infer about the history of a heavy-tailed random walk?
Creators: name: Erickson, Wesley W.
name: Steck, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme events are by nature rare and difficult to predict, yet are often much more important than frequent, typical events. An interesting counterpoint to the prediction of such events is their retrodiction -- given a process in an outlier state, how did the events leading up to this endpoint unfold? In particular, was there only a single, massive event, or was the history a composite of multiple, smaller but still significant events? To investigate this problem we take heavy-tailed stochastic processes (specifically,the symmetric, $α$-stable Lévy processes) as prototypical random walks. A natural and useful characteristic scale arises from the analysis of processes conditioned to arrive in a particular final state (Lévy bridges). For final displacements longer than this scale, the scenario of a single, long jump is most likely, even though it corresponds to a rare, extreme event. On the other hand, for small final displacements, histories involving extreme events tend to be suppressed. To further illustrate the utility of this analysis, we show how it provides an intuitive framework for understanding three problems related to boundary crossings of heavy-tailed processes. These examples illustrate how intuition fails to carry over from diffusive processes, even very close to the Gaussian limit. One example yields a computationally and conceptually useful representation of Lévy bridges that illustrates how conditioning impacts the extreme-event content of a random walk. The other examples involve the conditioned boundary-crossing problem and the ordinary first-escape problem; we discuss the observability of the latter example in experiments with laser-cooled atoms.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures; includes supplemental material with 8 more pages, 5 more figures
Critical statistics at the mobility edge of QCD Dirac spectra
Creators: name: Nishigaki, Shinsuke M.
name: Giordano, Matteo
name: Kovacs, Tamas G.
name: Pittler, Ferenc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine statistical fluctuation of eigenvalues from the near-edge bulk of QCD Dirac spectra above the critical temperature. For completeness we start by reviewing on the spectral property of Anderson tight-binding Hamiltonians as described by nonlinear sigma models and random matrices, and on the scale-invariant intermediate spectral statistics at the mobility edge. By fitting the level spacing distributions, deformed random matrix ensembles which model multifractality of the wave functions typical of the Anderson localization transition, are shown to provide an excellent effective description for such a critical statistics. Next we carry over the above strategy for the Anderson Hamiltonians to the Dirac spectra. For the staggered Dirac operators of QCD with 2+1 flavors of dynamical quarks at the physical point and of SU(2) quenched gauge theory, we identify the precise location of the mobility edge as the scale-invariant fixed point of the level spacing distribution. The eigenvalues around the mobility edge are shown to obey critical statistics described by the aforementioned deformed random matrix ensembles of unitary and symplectic classes. The best-fitting deformation parameter for QCD at the physical point turns out to be consistent with the Anderson Hamiltonian in the unitary class. Finally, we propose a method of locating the mobility edge at the origin of QCD Dirac spectrum around the critical temperature, by the use of individual eigenvalue distributions of deformed chiral random matrices.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, presented at the 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2013), 29 July - 3 August 2013, Mainz, Germany
Additional file 1 of A custom library construction method for super-resolution ribosome profiling in Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Wu, Hsin-Yen Larry
name: Hsu, Polly Yingshan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Step-by-step Ribo-seq protocol.
Time-frequency Analysis of two-wavelet theory in Weinstein setting
Creators: name: Saoudi, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 44A05, Secondary 42B10

description: In this paper, we introduce the notion of Weinstein two-wavelet and we define the two-wavelet localization operators in the setting of the Weinstein theory. Then we give a host of sufficient conditions for the boundedness and compactness of the two-wavelet localization operator on $L^{p}_α(\mathbb{R}^{d+1}_+)$ for all $1\leq p\leq \infty$, in terms of properties of the symbol $σ$ and the functions $φ$ and $ψ$. In the end, we study some typical examples of the Weinstein two-wavelet localization operators.
description: 20 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.08993
Essential commutants of semicrossed products
Creators: name: Hasegawa, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $α:G \curvearrowright M$ be a spatial action of countable abelian group on a "spatial" von Neumann algebra $M$ and $S$ be its unital subsemigroup with $G=S^{-1}S$. We explicitly compute the essential commutant and the essential fixed-points, modulo the Schatten $p$-class or the compact operators, of the w$^*$-semicrossed product of $M$ by $S$ when $M'$ contains no non-zero compact operators. We also prove a weaker result when $M$ is a von Neumann algebra on a finite dimensional Hilbert space and $(G,S)=(\mathbb{Z},\mathbb{Z}_{+})$, which extends a famous result due to Davidson (1977) for the classical analytic Toeplitz operators.
description: 13 pages
Great Wall and Great Divergence: Historical Legacy of the Pastoral Society
Creators: name: Bohan Yang
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: This paper utilizes the Ming Great Wall as a quasi-experiment to study the historical legacy of pastoral society on contemporary development. The Ming Great Wall was the boundary of pastoral and agrarian society, and as a military defense, its location did not dependent on economic factors in a small bandwidth. With the spatial regression discontinuity design, I find that historical pastoralism leads to significant discontinuity in economic development. The mechanism of persistence is more likely to be cultural. In particular, people from the historical pastoral areas have a lower level of trust and weaker moral universalism, which leads to weaker industrialization. The evidence shows that historical society can persist as a form of culture, and influences economic development through social preferences.