cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The potential protective value of ants in Northern Australian coffee plantations
Creators: name: Bizumungu, Gabriel
name: Majer, Jonathan D.
name: Fay, Harry A. C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Native ants are the oldest example of biological control agents used in tropical tree crops. Unfortunately, intensification of agricultural practices has led to a simplification of habitat and subsequent loss of native ant biodiversity. This article describes research that evaluated the native and introduced ants present in the canopies of two Australian sun coffee plantations, their distribution pattern and their potential to limit pests. The presence in coffee plantations of a range of beneficial insects and parasites, plus the effect of ants, most notably Iridomyrmex suchieri Forel, may maintain potential pests at low levels in coffee plantations. These effects may be important for future biological control programs of coffee pests in Australia, although the sun coffee grown here does not harbor a large variety of canopy ant species.
Heisenberg's Introduction of the `Collapse of the Wavepacket' into Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Chiao, R. Y.
name: Kwiat, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heisenberg in 1929 introduced the "collapse of the wavepacket" into quantum theory. We review here an experiment at Berkeley which demonstrated several aspects of this idea. In this experiment, a pair of daughter photons was produced in an entangled state, in which the sum of their two energies was equal to the sharp energy of their parent photon, in the nonlinear optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The wavepacket of one daughter photon collapsed upon a measurement-at-a-distance of the other daughter's energy, in such a way that the total energy of the two-photon system was conserved. Heisenberg's energy-time uncertainty principle was also demonstrated to hold in this experiment.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. Chiao's Heisenberg Centennial Symposium lecture given in Bamberg, Germany, in Sept. 2001
Developments in Antibiotic-Eluting Scaffolds for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis
Creators: name: Kyriacou, Harry
name: Kamaraj, Achi
name: Khan, Wasim S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: antibiotic
scaffold
bone substitute
bone graft
osteomyelitis
orthopaedics

description: Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by the infection of bone tissue and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is treated with antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement. A high dose of systemic antibiotics is often required due to poor bone penetration and this is often associated with unacceptable side-effects. To overcome this, local, implantable antibiotic carriers such as polymethyl methacrylate have been developed. However, this is a non-biodegradable material that requires a second surgery to be removed. Attention has therefore shifted to new antibiotic-eluting scaffolds which can be created with a range of unique properties. The purpose of this review is to assess the level of evidence that exists for these novel local treatments. Although this field is still developing, these strategies seem promising and provide hope for the future treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
Migration, Cultural Diversity and Innovation: A European Perspective
Creators: name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Cattaneo, Cristina
name: Verdolini, Elena
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Cattaneo, Cristina
name: Verdolini, Elena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Cultural Diversity
subject: Innovation
subject: Skilled Migration
subject: Knowledge Production Function
subject: Europe

description: This paper analyses the effect of skilled migration on two measures of innovation, patenting and citations of scientific publications, in a panel of 20 European countries. Skilled migrants positively contribute to the knowledge formation in host countries as they add to the pool of skills in destination markets. Moreover, they positively affect natives' productivity, as new ideas are likely to arise through the interaction of diverse cultures and diverse approaches in problem solving. The empirical findings we present support this prediction. Greater diversity in the skilled professions are associated with higher levels of knowledge creation, measured either by the number of patents applied for through the Patent Cooperation Treaty or by the number of citations to published articles. This finding is robust to the use of different proxies for both the explanatory variables and the diversity index in the labour force. Specifically, we first measure diversity with a novel indicator which uses information on the skill level of foreigners’ occupations. We then check our results by following the general literature, which measures skills by looking at the foreigners’ level of education. We show that cultural diversity consistently increases the innovation performance of European Countries.
Thermal rectification in the thermodynamic limit
Creators: name: You, Shunjiang
name: Xiong, Daxing
name: Wang, Jiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that an increasingly strong thermal rectification effect occurs in the thermodynamic limit in a one-dimensional, graded rotor lattice with nearest-neighboring interactions only. The underlying mechanism is related to the transition from normal to abnormal heat conduction behavior observed in the corresponding homogeneous lattices as the temperature decreases. In contrast and in addition to that by invoking long-range interactions, this finding provides a distinct scenario to make the thermal rectification effect robust.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures; the manuscript has been further updated to include the final proof
New CMBR data and the cosmic neutrino background
Creators: name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New precision Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) anisotropy data are beginning to constrain physics beyond the standard model, for example in the form of additional light particle species. These constraints are complementary to what can be obtained from big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) considerations because they apply to much later times. We derive a constraint on the equivalent number of neutrino species, N_ν, from the presently available data. Specifically we analyse two different CMBR data sets to test the robustness of our results. Analyzing only CMBR data yields an upper bound of N_ν< 17 (95% confidence). Adding large scale structure (LSS) data from the PSC-z survey tightens the upper bound slightly. However, the addition of LSS data gives a non-trivial {\it lower} bound of N_ν> 1.5/2.5 (95% confidence) for the two data sets. This is the first independent indication of the presence of the cosmological neutrino background which is predicted by the standard model, and seen in big bang nucleosynthesis. The value $N_ν= 0$ is disfavoured at 3σand 4σfor the two data sets respectively.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Collaborative and Cross-Stakeholder Ontology Engineering
Creators: name: Khan, Fawad
name: Engel, Felix
name: Krdzavac, Nenad
name: Auer, Sören
Publisher: name: Aachen, Germany : RWTH Aachen
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Domain Knowledge
subject: Knowledge management
subject: Ontology
subject: Semantic Web
subject: Supply chains
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::020 | Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: One of the major challenges in developing ontologies is to efficiently merge domain knowledge and expert knowledge to enable efficient and effective work on formal modelling of the domain in focus. This paper outlines the current state of developments in the Semantically Connected Semiconductor Supply Chains (SC3) project and its application in the BMBF-funded Cognitive Economy Intelligence Platform for Economic Ecosystem Resilience (CoyPu) project. We are using the SC3 Ontology Platform in CoyPu to promote effective information sharing among the various stakeholders in the development of the ontology. Thus, the application of SC3 Ontology Platform is used to ensure that the knowledge of non-knowledge workers (domain experts) and knowledge workers come together efficiently. This paper first introduces the CoyPu project and the current ontology development; then the SC3 Ontology Platform and its main components are presented. The paper concludes with the analysis of a first usability evaluation.
Efficient Nano Antenna for Photonic Devices
Creators: name: Doltani, Vishal K.
name: Umrani, Fahim A
name: Soomro, Riaz A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the efficient Yagi-Uda nanoantenna with the chain of directors, reflector and a feed element, where these elements have been optimized to fulfil the requirement of high directivity and the gain of antenna. The proposed design consists of six core and cladding with silver core and silicon cladding is used to achieve high directivity. The design is analyzed by FIT based CST Software package by which Directivity and Gain of the antenna are computed. The enhancement of this directivity is mainly contributed by the increase in the number of directors from the four to five and the optimized length of the directors which is scaled by 0.9. The simulated results show that the proposed Yagi antenna provides good performance in terms of directivity. The suggested antenna design shows the improved directivity of 17.62 at 500 nm wavelength. The proposed design has wide range of applications including as solar cells.
NeIC E3DDS Project Deliverable 3 "Cluster Management for EISCAT_3D"
Creators: name: Brown, Simon
name: Enell, Carl-Fredrik
name: Häggström, Ingemar
name: Hellgren, Harri
name: Jonsson, Dan-Johan
name: Lukkarinen, Ari
name: Tjulin, Anders
name: Wadenstein, Mattias
name: Westman, Assar
name: White, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: NeIC E3DDS project Deliverable 3 describes the issues foreseen in deploying and configuring the e-infrastructure for the EISCAT_3D project. This computing e-infrastructure consists of clusters that will perform specialized tasks.
 The management of these clusters should be performed in a robust and audit-able manner using standard tools.
 The capacity of the network connections between the sites will influence the deployment of the clusters and therefore their administration. The possibility to re-configure the clusters from their specialized tasks to perform more generic computing tasks is presented. This effort should be considered as secondary to the task of running the online data taking. But some effort should be given to this as the total computing resources, if deployed with a low-latency local area network, would represent a considerable computing power. This could be used for more difficult analysis tasks such as the 3-D analysis that requires parallel computing capabilities. Also considered is the means to access these computing clusters and other EISCAT3_D e-infrastructure. This takes into account logins ranging from system administrators to public consumers of published data.
Dichotropis brevis Zelazny & Webb 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zelazny, B.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Derbidae
Dichotropis
Dichotropis brevis

description: Dichotropis brevis Zelazny, sp. nov.
(Fig. 147)
 Description. Forewing length about 4.1 mm. Colour stramineous, margins of facial carinae light brown; forewings colourless. Facial carinae clearly separated. Male anal segment with short lateral processes. Genital styles with apex truncate, dorsal processes slender, at the inside near the base a small rounded process, about twice as long as wide, its tip bearing short bristles. Apical part of aedeagus flat, with a dorsal longitudinal impression, the left side slightly longer apically; without lobes or processes.
 Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (brevis, -is, -e = short).
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.1 mm), INDONESIA: PAPUA, labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: NETH./ Cyclops Mts.: Ifar / 300 m, VI.21.1959 2) T. C. Maa / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM).
 Distribution. New Guinea.
 Diagnosis. Dichotropis brevis is indistinguishable externally from D. nivea sp. nov., D. straatmani sp. nov., and D. peregrina sp. nov., all three also found in New Guinea. The males can be recognized by the short process on the inside of the genital styles.
description: Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 32-33
Americanizing Accountability: The Effects of US Interventions on Domestic Transitional Justice
Creators: name: Krmoyan, Karen
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: transitional justice
subject: foreign involvement
subject: economic coercion
subject: criminal prosecutions
subject: truth
subject: reconciliation

description: How does the TJ agenda of post-transition societies change when foreign actors are involved? Focusing on the US as a foreign actor, I argue that US involvement in foreign TJ resulted in a more retributive TJ agenda, which emphasized criminal prosecutions of former perpetrators, rather than a reconciliatory framework, i.e. truth-revealing and reconciliatory mechanisms. The US did so by applying (1) economic coercion in the form of threats and/or actual sanctions and (2) creating increased financial and technical opportunities for the creation and implementation of TJ mechanisms. I use the Global Transitional Justice Dataset (GTJD) to test my hypotheses and conduct a case study in Liberia to analyze the underlying mechanism behind the observed relationships.
Neutrino Pair Emission from Cooper Pair Breaking and Recombination in Superfluid Quark Matter
Creators: name: Jaikumar, Prashanth
name: Prakash, Madappa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the low energy Standard Model neutrino-matter interactions, we calculate neutrino pair ($ν\barν$) emissivites in superfluid quark matter. Just below the critical temperature, Cooper pairs continuously break and recombine, resulting in the emission of $ν\bar ν$ pairs with a rate that greatly exceeds the standard quark modified Urca and bremsstrahlung rates. At the same baryon density in baryonic and quark matter, the ratio of baryon to quark $ν\barν$ emissivites lies in the range 2-5 for the densities of interest in the long-term cooling of solar mass compact stars. We also find that in matter containing hyperons, $ν\barν$ emission can occur with hyperons of all species.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Multi-lateral multi-output measurement of productivity: the case of African agriculture
Creators: name: Majiwa, Eucabeth Bosibori Opande
name: Lee, Boon
name: Wilson, Clevo
name: Majiwa, Eucabeth Bosibori Opande
name: Lee, Boon
name: Wilson, Clevo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Färe-Primont TFP index
subject: technical efficiency
subject: scale
subject: mix efficiency changes
subject: technical change

description: Total factor productivity (TFP) of agriculture for eighteen African countries is measured using panel data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database for the period 1980 to 2007. Using the Färe-Primont productivity index, TFP was decomposed into measures of technical and efficiency change. The efficiency change was further decomposed into measures of technical, mix and scale efficiency changes. The results reveal TFP and technical change growth rates of 0.85% and 1% respectively. In the same period there is a decline in total technical productivity efficiency, mix efficiency, residual scale efficiency and scale mix efficiency change of 0.15%, 0.23%, 0.02% and 0.25% respectively while technical efficiency improved by 0.1%. From the results it is evident that the main driving force of TFP growth is technological progress while negative efficiency levels are contributing to reduced average productivity growth. Promotion of irrigation facilities, improving governance, improving mechanization and reducing land fragmentation are identified as necessary measures to improve TFP growth.
Coupling between phase transitions and glassy magnetic behaviour in Heusler alloy Ni 50 Mn 34 In 8 Ga 8
Creators: name: Zhang, Le
name: Lou, Xiaojie
name: Zhou, Chao
name: Yang, Sen
name: Ren, Xiaobing
name: Wang, Danyang
name: Carpenter, Michael A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper
Structure, dynamics and phase transitions
Heusler alloy
phase transitions
elasticity

description: Abstract: The transition sequence in the Heusler alloy Ni50Mn34In8Ga8 has been determined from measurements of elasticity, heat flow and magnetism to be paramagnetic austenite → paramagnetic martensite → ferromagnetic martensite at ∼335 and ∼260 K, respectively, during cooling. The overall pattern of elastic stiffening/softening and acoustic loss is typical of a system with bilinear coupling between symmetry breaking strain and the driving structural/electronic order parameter, and a temperature interval below the transition point in which ferroelastic twin walls remain mobile under the influence of external stress. Divergence between zero-field-cooling and field-cooling determinations of DC magnetisation below ∼220 K indicates that a frustrated magnetic glass develops in the ferromagnetic martensite. An AC magnetic anomaly which shows Vogel–Fulcher dynamics in the vicinity of ∼160 K is evidence of a further glassy freezing process. This coincides with an acoustic loss peak and slight elastic stiffening that is typical of the outcome of freezing of ferroelastic twin walls. The results suggest that local strain variations associated with the ferroelastic twin walls couple with local moments to induce glassy magnetic behaviour.
Three new phenylspirodrimane derivatives with inhibitory effect towards potassium channel Kv1.3 from the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum
Creators: name: Feng, Jia-Min
name: Li, Min
name: Zhao, Jin-Lian
name: Jia, Xiao-Na
name: Liu, Ji-Mei
name: Zhang, Min
name: Chen, Ri-Dao
name: Xie, Ke-Bo
name: Chen, Da-Wei
name: Yu, Hai-Bo
name: Dai, Jun-Gui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Virology

description: Three new phenylspirodrimanes derivatives named stachybotrysins H and I (1 and 2) and stachybotrin E (3), together with one known compound stachybotrylactam (4), were isolated from Stachybotrys chartarum CGMCC 3.5365. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR data and mass spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibitory effect towards potassium channel Kv1.3 with IC50 values of 13.4 and 10.9 μM, respectively.
Modeling Expert Choice at the Technical Frontier
Creators: name: Funk, Patrick
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Commercialization of a new material or process invention can take decades. A predominance of tacit knowledge, information asymmetries, and insufficient human capital with knowledge in the field can contribute to this delay. At this technical frontier, expert decision making drives criticalresearch and development. By surveying the top experts in an industry that exemplifies the technical frontier, metal additive manufacturing for aerospace, I find that there is inconsistency in decision making structure and process both within and across experts. This inconsistency leads toan investigation of how to evaluate accuracy in a field when gathering outcome data is expensive or only exists in the future (as is the case at the technical frontier). I prove bounds on expert accuracy that rely on response structure without requiring outcome data for validation. The inconsistency in expert decision process seen in the survey case study motivates the search for a single tool to learna diverse set of behavioral decision making models. I create a novel neural network that is able to learn some, but not all, of a variety of common theoretical behavioral choice models. This combination of qualitative and quantitative modeling of decision making at the technical frontier provides tools for speeding the development of new technologies across the "valley of death" on their way to mass commercialization.
Uniform asymptotic formulas of restricted bipartite partitions
Creators: name: Zhou, Nian Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 11P82, Secondary: 05A16, 05A15, 05A17

description: In this paper, we investigate $π(m,n)$, the number of partitions of the \emph{bipartite number} $(m,n)$ into \emph{steadily decreasing} parts, introduced by L.Carlitz ['A problem in partitions', Duke Math Journal 30 (1963), 203--213]. We give a relation between $π(m,n)$ and the crank statistic $M(m,n)$ for integer partitions. Using this relation, some uniform asymptotic formulas for $π(m,n)$ are established.
description: 9 pages
Less gap imbalance with restricted kinematic alignment than with mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty: simulations on 3-D bone models created from CT-scans
Creators: name: Blakeney, William
name: Beaulieu, Yann
name: Marc-Olivier Kiss
name: Rivière, Charles
name: Pascal-André Vendittoli
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Background and purpose — Mechanical alignment techniques for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) introduce significant anatomic alteration and secondary ligament imbalances. We propose a restricted kinematic alignment (rKA) protocol to minimize these issues and improve TKA clinical outcomes. Patients and methods — rKA tibial and femoral bone resections were simulated on 1,000 knee CT scans from a database of patients undergoing TKA. rKA was defined by the following criteria: independent tibial and femoral cuts within 5° of the bone neutral mechanical axis, with a resulting HKA within 3° of neutral. Imbalances in the extension space, flexion space at 90°, medial compartment and lateral compartment were calculated and compared with measured resection mechanical alignment (MA) results. 2 MA techniques were simulated for rotation using the surgical transepicondylar axis (TEA) and 3° to the posterior condyles (PC). Results — Extension space imbalances ≥ 3 mm occurred in 33% of TKAs with MA technique versus 8.3% with rKA (p < 0.001). Similarly, more frequent flexion space imbalance ≥ 3mm was created by MA technique (TEA 34% or 3° PC 15%) versus rKA (6.4%, p < 0.001). Using MA with TEA or PC, there were only 49% and 63% of the knees respectively with < 3 mm of imbalance throughout the extension and flexion spaces and medial and lateral compartments versus 92% using rKA (p < 0.001). Interpretation — significantly fewer imbalances are created using rKA versus MA for TKA. rKA may be the best compromise, by helping the surgeon to preserve native knee ligament balance during TKA and avoid residual instability, whilst keeping the lower limb alignment within a safe range.
Limits on Q-ball size due to gravity
Creators: name: Multamaki, T.
name: Vilja, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solitonic scalar field configurations are studied in a theory coupled to gravity. It is found that non-topological solitons, Q-balls, are present in the theory. Properties of gravitationally self coupled Q-balls are studied by analytical and numerical means. Analytical arguments show that, unlike in the typical flat space scenario, the size of Q-balls is ultimately limited by gravitational effects. Even though the largest Q-balls are very dense, their radii are still much larger than the corresponding Schwarzschild radii. Gravity can also act as a stabilising mechanism for otherwise energetically unstable Q-balls.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Dichotropis flexuosa Zelazny & Webb 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zelazny, B.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Derbidae
Dichotropis
Dichotropis flexuosa

description: Dichotropis flexuosa Zelazny, sp. nov.
(Fig. 148)
 Description. Forewings 1.9 times longer than wide, length about 4.4 mm. Colour stramineous; margins of facial carinae and centre of pronotum orange-brown. Forewings white, powdered; an elongated, dark brown mark between apices of Cu and Ms1b; two additional smaller marks at the forks R-Rs1 and M-Ms4; apical cross-veins accompanied by faint infuscation; veins colourless except for the faintly infuscated anterior apical cross-veins. Facial carinae clearly separated; subantennal processes large, lateral carinae of pronotum foliaceous. Forewings with Sc+R fork just before its middle. Male anal segment with prominent lateral processes. Genital styles slightly narrowing towards end which is truncated; proximal dorsal process broad, its pointed tip curved inwards, appearing rounded in side view; base of distal dorsal process nearly rectangular, apical part slender; at the inside near the base a finger-like process bearing bristles at the tip. Apical part of aedeagus broad, nearly rectangular in dorsal view; a prominent, curved process on the right, dorsal side; left side covered with minute teeth.
 Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (flexuosus, -a, -um = curved).
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.4 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA, labels: 1) NEW GUINEA (NE)/ Bubia, Markham / V. 50m / Sept. 19, 1955 2) J.L. Gressitt / Collector (BPBM).
 Distribution. New Guinea.
 Diagnosis. Dichotropis flexuosa is characterized by the two small dark marks near the apex of the forewings, and by the curved process on the apical part of the male aedeagus.
description: Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 33
The bead process for beta ensembles
Creators: name: Najnudel, Joseph
name: Virág, Bálint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60B20, 60G55, 60J05

description: The bead process introduced by Boutillier is a countable interlacing of the determinantal sine-kernel point processes. We construct the bead process for general sine beta processes as an infinite dimensional Markov chain whose transition mechanism is explicitly described. We show that this process is the microscopic scaling limit in the bulk of the Hermite beta corner process introduced by Gorin and Shkolnikov, generalizing the process of the minors of the Gaussian unitary and orthogonal ensembles. In order to prove our results, we use bounds on the variance of the point counting of the circular and the Gaussian beta ensembles, proven in a companion paper.
NeIC E3DDS Project Deliverable 1.1 "Update to on-site computing software and hardware architecture recommendation"
Creators: name: Brown, Simon
name: Enell, Carl-Fredrik
name: Häggström, Ingemar
name: Hellgren, Harri
name: Jonsson, Dan-Johan
name: Lukkarinen, Ari
name: Tjulin, Anders
name: Wadenstein, Mattias
name: Westman, Assar
name: White, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: EISCAT_3D HPC Computing Planning Network Storage Costs

description: NeIC E3DDS project Deliverable 1.1 gives an update at the end of the project of the on-site computing, network and storage needs for the EISCAT_3D transmitting and receiving sites as presented in the first version of this document. The Wide Area Network connections between the sites are also presented. The main updates are related to the Wide Area Network connections between the sites and the architecture of the Second Beam former. The long-term cost of a high-capacity optical Wide Area Network between the EISCAT_3D sites has come down to compete with more traditional networking. An option has been found that allows to deploy all the computing e-infrastructure away from the remote sites to the central site. This should be an interesting option for EISCAT_3D as operational costs can be reduced and procedures made more efficient. Also, by concentrating computing e-infrastructure in one location, this presents an opportunity to build dual-purpose computing clusters. The online data processing clusters maybe re-configured as useful user analysis clusters in periods when the radar is off.
Dichotropis maai Zelazny & Webb 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zelazny, B.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Derbidae
Dichotropis
Dichotropis maai

description: Dichotropis maai Zelazny, sp. nov.
(Fig. 149)
 Description. Forewing length about 4.3 mm. Colour stramineous, head and pronotum except labium dark orange; forewings colourless. Facial carinae clearly separated. Male anal segment with lateral finger-like processes. Genital styles narrow, oval, apex rounded; proximal dorsal process large, its tip curved inwards, and rounded in side view; distal dorsal process with a long, nearly rectangular base, close to proximal dorsal process, apical part slender; at the inside near the base a finger-like process bearing bristles at the tip. Apical portion of aedeagus in dorsal view broad, its end truncate; the left margin blade-like; right side shorter.
 Etymology. The species is named for T.C. Maa who collected this species and ' maai ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case.
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.3 mm), INDONESIA: PAPUA, labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: NETH./ Bodem, 100 m, 11 km / SE of Oerberfaren / July 7–17, 1959 2) T. C. Maa / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM).
 Distribution. New Guinea.
 Diagnosis. Dichotropis maai shows similarities to D. peregrina sp. nov., also found in New Guinea. It can be distinguished by the orange head and pronotum, and by the male genital styles being oval in shape with the bases of the dorsal processes close together.
description: Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 33
Woody plant use and management in relation to property rights: a social-ecological case study from southwestern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Girma Shumi
name: Dorresteijn, Ine
name: Schultner, Jannik
name: Hylander, Kristoffer
name: Feyera Senbeta
name: Hanspach, Jan
name: Tola Gemechu Ango
name: Joern Fischer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Many people in less developed countries depend on woody plants, but sustainable management of woody plants often remains a challenge. We assessed people’s use, perceived property rights and management of woody plants in farmland and forests in a landscape of southwestern Ethiopia. We interviewed 180 households and surveyed woody plants in 192 plots. We found that 95 species were used for eleven major purposes. The majority of plants (52) were used for house construction followed by farming tools (42), fuelwood (38) and honey production (37). These benefits were sourced from farmland, forest with coffee management and forest without coffee management. Our study found that local people perceived land tenure security and tree use rights to be limited, especially for forests. We found abundant regeneration of the most widely used tree species in all land use types. However, some of these species, including important pole and timber species, appeared to be overharvested in forests. To improve biodiversity outcomes and sustainable use, it would be beneficial to recognize local people’s diverse needs for woody plants and grant them appropriate property rights. Conservation policies should encompass the entire landscape and empower local farmers to proactively manage tree populations while providing safeguards against overuse.
Quantum Parrondo's Games
Creators: name: Flitney, Adrian P.
name: Ng, Joseph
name: Abbott, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parrondo's Paradox arises when two losing games are combined to produce a winning one. A history dependent quantum Parrondo game is studied where the rotation operators that represent the toss of a classical biased coin are replaced by general SU(2) operators to transform the game into the quantum domain. In the initial state, a superposition of qubits can be used to couple the games and produce interference leading to quite different payoffs to those in the classical case.
description: LateX, 10 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physica A special issue (Gene Stanley Conference, Sicily, 2001), v2 minor correction to equations, v3 corrections to results section and table, acknowledgement added
The mass-radius relation for neutron stars in $f(R)=R+αR^2$ gravity: a comparison between purely metric and torsion formulations
Creators: name: Feola, Pasquale
name: Forteza, Xisco Jimenez
name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Cianci, Roberto
name: Vignolo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of $f(R)=R+αR^2$ gravity, we study realistic models of neutron stars, using equations of state compatible with the LIGO constraints. i.e. APR4, MPA1, SLy, and WW1. By numerically solving modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations, we investigate the Mass--Radius relation in both metric and torsional $f(R)=R+αR^2$ gravity models. In particular, we observe that torsion effects decrease the compactness and total mass of neutron star with respect to the General Relativity predictions, therefore mimicking the effects of a repulsive massive field. The opposite occurs in the metric theory, where mass and compactness increase with $α$, thus inducing an excess of mass that overtakes the standard General Relativity limit. We also find that the sign of $α$ must be reversed whether one considers the metric theory (positive) or torsion (negative) to avoid blowing up solutions. This could draw an easy test to either confirm or discard one or the other theory by determining the sign of parameter $α$.
description: 16 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Why Your Mind Is Like a Shark: Testing the Idea of Mutualism
Creators: name: Kievit, Rogier A.
name: Simpson-Kent, Ivan L.
name: Fuhrmann, Delia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience
Programming by Demonstration
reinforcement learning
obstacle avoidance
humanoid robots
minimal intervention control

description: We want to understand how children get so much better at certain cognitive abilities like reading, writing, and problem solving as they get older. To better understand this, we followed hundreds of children across a period of years, to see how abilities like problem solving and vocabulary changed over time. We found that having good vocabulary to start with made children’s problem solving develop more quickly. It also worked the other way around: being better at problem solving meant children were quicker to learn new words. In other words, each cognitive ability may help other abilities develop. This idea is called mutualism. We were very excited by this discovery, because it can help us understand how children get better at things they never practice directly, and how teachers can better help children who find certain school topics more challenging.
Neural Architectures Towards Invariant Representation Learning
Creators: name: Dipan Pal
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The world is complex, ever changing yet structured. Given this complexity, how can an organism living in such a world or even an artificial system distill this information to perceive what is important towards its intention and what is not?What theoretical principles underline such an ability? More interestingly, how do these principles operate in the chaotic randomness and complexities of neural circuits in mammalian brains? These questions form the very heart of the study of representation learning, and also point to perhaps the most interesting directions the field must explore. Indeed, one of the fundamental pursuits of machine learning and artificial intelligence is learning to be invariant to nuisance transformations in the data. Most prior work has focused on addressing these challenges through different aspects of the deep learning pipeline such as loss functions, data augmentation and more recently self-supervision techniques. However, the core architecture or structureof these networks has yet to be adapted to these challenges. In this thesis, we explore how to learn and encode invariance towards nuisance transformations byredesigning the convolution architecture itself leading to more powerful and efficient neural networks. We present two fundamental improvements to neural architecturedesign through NPTNs (Non-Parametric Transformation Networks) and PRCNs (Permanent Random Connectome Networks). These are designed to be drop-in replacements for the ubiquitous vanilla convolution layer. NPTNs are a natural generalization of ConvNets and unlike almost all previous works in deep architectures, they make no assumption regarding the structure of the invariances present in the data. PRCNs on the other hand, are initializedwith random connectomes (not just weights) which are a small subset of the connections in a fully connected convolution layer. Importantly, these connections inPRCNs once initialized remain permanent throughout training and testing. Permanent random connectomes make these architectures loosely more biologically plausiblethan many other mainstream network architectures which require highly ordered structures. They also offer insights towards computational models of random connectomesin the visual cortex. Empirically, we find that these randomly initialized permanent connections have positive effects on generalization and parameter efficiency. These ideas open a new dimension in deep network design providing moreversatile and effective learning. More importantly, they offer initial answers to some of the fundamental and motivating questions we highlighted above in representation learning.
Displaced phase-amplitude variables for waves on finite background
Creators: name: van Groesen, E.
name: Andonowati
name: Karjanto, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q51, 76B25, 35Q55, 35B30, 76E30, 76B15

description: Wave amplification in nonlinear dispersive wave equations may be caused by nonlinear focussing of waves from a certain background. In the model of nonlinear Schrödinger equation we will introduce a transformation to displaced phase-amplitude variables with respect to a background of monochromatic waves. The potential energy in the Hamiltonian then depends essentially on the phase. Looking as a special case to phases that are time independent, the oscillator equation for the signal at each position becomes autonomous, with the change of phase with position as only driving force for a spatial evolution towards extreme waves. This is observed to be the governing process of wave amplification in classes of already known solutions of NLS, namely the Akhemediev-, Ma- and Peregrine-solitons. We investigate the case of the soliton on finite background in detail in this Letter as the solution that describes the complete spatial evolution of modulational instability from background to extreme waves.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays from annihilation of superheavy dark matter
Creators: name: Blasi, Pasquale
name: Dick, Rainer
name: Kolb, Edward W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possibility that ultra-high energy cosmic rays originate from the annihilation of relic superheavy dark-matter particles. We find that a cross section of ~ 10^{-26}cm^2 (M_X/10^{12}GeV)^{3/2} is required to account for the observed rate of super-GZK events if the superheavy dark matter follows a Navarro-Frenk-White density profile. This would require extremely large-l contributions to the annihilation cross section. We also calculate the possible signature from annihilation in sub-galactic clumps of dark matter and find that the signal from sub-clumps dominates and may explain the observed flux with a much smaller cross section than if the superheavy dark matter is smoothly distributed. Finally, we discuss the expected anisotropy in the arrival directions of the cosmic rays, which is a characteristic signature of this scenario.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Astropart. Phys
Dichotropis nivea Zelazny & Webb 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zelazny, B.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Derbidae
Dichotropis
Dichotropis nivea

description: Dichotropis nivea Zelazny, sp. nov.
(Fig. 150)
 Description. Forewing length about 4.8 mm. Colour stramineous, margins of vertex and middle of pronotum tinted with orange; forewings colourless. Facial carinae clearly separated. Male anal segment with broad lateral processes. Genital styles oval, apex rounded; proximal dorsal process broad, distal dorsal process with base slightly swollen, apical part slender; at the inside near the base with a broad and flat process bearing bristles at the tip. Apical portion of aedeagus large, slightly curved ventrad apically; the left margin blade-like; several dorsal, rounded projections near tip.
 Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (niveus, -a, -um = snow white).
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.8 mm), INDONESIA: PAPUA, labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: NETH./ HOLLANDIA AREA / W. Sentani, Cyclops / Mts., 150–250 m./ June 23. 1959 2) T. C. Maa / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM).
 Distribution. New Guinea.
 Diagnosis. Dichotropis nivea is indistinguishable externally from D. brevis sp. nov., D. straatmani sp. nov., and D. peregrina sp. nov., all three also found in New Guinea. The males can be recognized by the broad and flat inner process of the genital styles, and by the apical portion of the aedeagus curving ventrad at the tip.
description: Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 33-34
Dichotropis peregrina Zelazny & Webb 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zelazny, B.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Derbidae
Dichotropis
Dichotropis peregrina

description: Dichotropis peregrina Zelazny, sp. nov.
(Figs. 1, 18, 151)
 Description. Forewing length: males 3.9–5.1 mm (mean = 4.2, n= 10), females about 5.2 mm. Colour stramineous, margins of facial carinae light brown. Forewings colourless. Facial carinae clearly separated. Male anal segment with prominent lateral processes. Genital styles widening towards the end which is slightly concave; the dorsal apical corner slightly produced; proximal dorsal process short, well separated from distal dorsal process, which has a nearly quadratic base and a club-shaped apical part; at the inside near the base with a finger-like process bearing bristles at the tip. Aedeagus with apical portion flat, its apex truncate, rarely slightly pointed; the left margin bladelike; right side shorter and broader; in some specimens the dorsal side with humps.
 Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (peregrinus, -a, -um = foreign).
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.3 mm), INDONESIA: PAPUA, labels: 1) New Guinea: Neth. / Waris, S. of/ Hollandia, 450–500 m / VIII-16–23-1959 2) T.C. Maa (BPBM). Paratypes. same data as holotype, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.3) (BPBM); PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Distr., coast, Buso, 5+ 14.XI.1979, 2 ♂ (fw. 2x3.9), J.H. Martin (BMNH); BORNEO: Sarawak, Gunong Matang, 120 m, 15.IX.1958, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.2), J.L. Gressitt + T. C. Maa; Sandakan, 2 ♂, Baker; W. MALAYSIA: Sungei Linam, 2–20 m, 20.IX.1960, 2 ♂ (fw. 3.9, 4.0), J.L. Gressitt, palm (all BPBM); Pahang, F.M. S., Lubok Tamang, 3500 ft., 10. VI.1923, 1 ♂ (fw. 5.1) 1 ♀ (fw. 5.2), H.M. Pendlebury (BMNH); Penang I., 1 ♂ (fw. 4.4), Baker; SINGAPORE: 1 ♂ (fw. 4.2), Baker (both USNM).
 Distribution. New Guinea, North Borneo, W. Malaysia.
 Diagnosis. Dichotropis peregrina is indistinguishable externally from D. brevis sp. nov., D. straatmani sp. nov., and D. nivea sp. nov., all three also found in New Guinea. The male genitalia are most similar to those of D. straatmani, but the anal segment has prominent lateral processes, the bases of the dorsal processes of the genital styles are wider apart, and the aedeagus lacks a narrow, straight terminal lobe.
description: Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 34