cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(401046) Alexander Guthrie Shiell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Derivation of local-in-time fourth post-Newtonian ADM Hamiltonian for spinless compact binaries
Creators: name: Jaranowski, Piotr
name: Schäfer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper gives full details of the computation within the canonical formalism of Arnowitt, Deser, and Misner of the local-in-time part of the fourth post-Newtonian, i.e. of power eight in one over speed of light, conservative Hamiltonian of spinless compact binary systems. The Hamiltonian depends only on the bodies' positions and momenta. Dirac delta distributions are taken as source functions. Their full control is furnished by dimensional continuation, by means of which the occurring ultraviolet (UV) divergences are uniquely regularized. The applied near-zone expansion of the time-symmetric Green function leads to infrared (IR) divergences. Their analytic regularization results in one single ambiguity parameter. Unique fixation of it was successfully performed in T.Damour, P.Jaranowski, and G.Schäfer, Phys. Rev. D 89, 064058 (2014) through far-zone matching. Technically as well as conceptually (backscatter binding energy), the level of the Lamb shift in quantum electrodynamics is reached. In a first run a computation of all terms is performed in three-dimensional space using analytic Riesz-Hadamard regularization techniques. Then divergences are treated locally (i.e., around particles' positions for UV and in the vicinity of spatial infinity for IR divergences) by means of combined dimensional and analytic regularization. Various evolved analytic expressions are presented for the first time. The breakdown of the Leibniz rule for distributional derivatives is addressed as well as the in general nondistributive law when regularizing value of products of functions evaluated at their singular point.
description: Slightly changed title; minor amendments added; misprints removed; identical with published version; 50 pages
(401045) James Guthrie Shiell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Clinical Ocular Biomechanics: Where Are We after 20 Years of Progress?
Creators: name: Yuhas, Phillip T.
name: Roberts, Cynthia J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Purpose: Ocular biomechanics is an assessment of the response of the structures of the eye to forces that may lead to disease development and progression, or influence the response to surgical intervention. The goals of this review are (1) to introduce basic biomechanical principles and terminology, (2) to provide perspective on the progress made in the clinical study and assessment of ocular biomechanics, and (3) to highlight critical studies conducted in keratoconus, laser refractive surgery, and glaucoma in order to aid interpretation of biomechanical parameters in the laboratory and in the clinic. Methods: A literature review was first conducted of basic biomechanical studies related to ocular tissue. The subsequent review of ocular biomechanical studies was limited to those focusing on keratoconus, laser refractive surgery, or glaucoma using the only two commercially available devices that allow rapid assessment of biomechanical response in the clinic. Results: Foundational studies on ocular biomechanics used a combination of computer modeling and destructive forces on ex-vivo tissues. The knowledge gained from these studies could not be directly translated to clinical research and practice until the introduction of non-contact tonometers that quantified the deformation response of the cornea to an air puff, which represents a non-destructive, clinically appropriate load. The corneal response includes a contribution from the sclera which may limit corneal deformation. Two commercial devices are available, the Ocular Response Analyzer which produces viscoelastic parameters with a customized load for each eye, and the Corvis ST which produces elastic parameters with a consistent load for every eye. Neither device produces the classic biomechanical properties reported in basic studies, but rather biomechanical deformation response parameters which require careful interpretation. Conclusions: Research using clinical tools has enriched our understanding of how ocular disease alters ocular biomechanics, as well as how ocular biomechanics may influence the pathophysiology of ocular disease and response to surgical intervention.
(401044) Katherine Guthrie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Biological Effect of an Antisense Oligonucleotide Depends on Its Route of Endocytosis and Trafficking
Creators: name: Juliano, Rudolph L.
name: Chen, Xiaoyuan
name: Ming, Xin
name: Dixit, Vidula
name: Fisher, Michael
name: Alam, Md Rowshon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: We demonstrate that the biological effect of an oligonucleotide is influenced by its route of cellular uptake. Utilizing a splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide (SSO) and a sensitive reporter assay involving correction of RNA splicing, we examined induction of luciferase in cells treated either with various concentrations of an unconjugated (“free”) SSO or an SSO conjugated to a bivalent RGD ligand that promotes binding to the αvβ3 integrin (RGD-SSO). Under conditions of equal accumulation in cells, the RGD-SSO consistently had a greater effect on luciferase induction than the unconjugated SSO. We determined that the RGD-SSO and the unconjugated SSO were internalized by distinct endocytotic pathways, suggesting that the route of internalization affects the magnitude of the biological response.
Aptamer-Mediated Delivery of Splice-Switching Oligonucleotides to the Nuclei of Cancer Cells
Creators: name: Kotula, Jonathan W.
name: Sullenger, Bruce A.
name: Nakagawa, Osamu
name: Pratico, Elizabeth D.
name: Ming, Xin
name: Juliano, Rudolph L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: To reduce the adverse effects of cancer therapies and increase their efficacy, new delivery agents that specifically target cancer cells are needed. We and others have shown that aptamers can selectively deliver therapeutic oligonucleotides to the endosome and cytoplasm of cancer cells that express a particular cell surface receptor. Identifying a single aptamer that can internalize into many different cancer cell-types would increase the utility of aptamer-mediated delivery of therapeutic agents. We investigated the ability of the nucleolin aptamer (AS1411) to internalize into multiple cancer cell types and observed that it internalizes into a wide variety of cancer cells and migrates to the nucleus. To determine if the aptamer could be utilized to deliver therapeutic oligonucleotides to modulate events in the nucleus, we evaluated the ability of the aptamer to deliver splice-switching oligonucleotides. We observed that aptamer-splice-switching oligonucleotide chimeras can alter splicing in the nuclei of treated cells and are effective at lower doses than the splice switching oligonucleotides alone. Our results suggest that aptamers can be utilized to deliver oligonucleotides to the nucleus of a wide variety of cancer cells to modulate nuclear events such as RNA splicing.
Deciding Univariate Polynomial Problems Using Untrusted Certificates in Isabelle/HOL
Creators: name: Li, Wenda
name: Passmore, Grant Olney
name: Paulson, Lawrence C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a proof procedure for univariate real polynomial problems in Isabelle/HOL. The core mathematics of our procedure is based on univariate cylindrical algebraic decomposition. We follow the approach of untrusted certificates, separating solving from verifying: efficient external tools perform expensive real algebraic computations, producing evidence that is formally checked within Isabelle's logic. This allows us to exploit highly-tuned computer algebra systems like Mathematica to guide our procedure without impacting the correctness of its results. We present experiments demonstrating the efficacy of this approach, in many cases yielding orders of magnitude improvements over previous methods.
description: 24 pages
Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Oligonucleotides: Implications for Oligonucleotide Pharmacology
Creators: name: Juliano, R. L.
name: Carver, Kyle
name: Ming, Xin
name: Laing, Brian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: One of the major constraints on the therapeutic use of oligonucleotides is inefficient delivery to their sites of action in the cytosol or nucleus. Recently it has become evident that the pathways of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides can strongly influence their pharmacological actions. Here we provide background information on the basic processes of endocytosis and trafficking and then review recent literature on targeted delivery and subcellular trafficking of oligonucleotides in that context. A variety of approaches including molecular scale ligand-oligonucleotide conjugates, ligand-targeted nanocarriers, and the use of small molecules to enhance oligonucleotide effects are discussed.
(401043) Edith Shiell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
КОРРУПЦИЯ БИЛАН БОҒЛИҚ БЎЛГАН ҲУҚУҚБУЗАРЛИКЛАРНИ ОЛДИНИ ОЛИШДА ИЧКИ ИШЛАР ОРГАНЛАРИНИНГ ЎРНИ ВА АҲАМИЯТИ
Creators: name: Хусанов, Д.Г.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Мамлакатимиз мустақилликка эришганидан то бугунги кунга қадар инсон ҳуқуқлари, эркинликлари ва қонуний манфаатларини ҳимоя қилиш, уларнинг ҳуқуқий онги ва ҳуқуқий маданиятини юксалтириш ҳамда қонунийликни мустаҳкамлашга оид ислоҳотлар изчил амалга оширилмоқда. Лекин, бугунги кунда жамиятимизда демократик ҳуқуқий давлат ва эркин фуқаролик жамияти қуришга асосий хавфлардан бири бўлган ҳуқуқбузарликлар ҳам мажуд бўлиб, уларнинг ичида коррупция билан боғлиқ ҳуқуқбузарликлар алоҳида аҳамият касб этади.
Tumor Cell–Targeted Delivery of Nanoconjugated Oligonucleotides in Composite Spheroids
Creators: name: Ming, Xin
name: Juliano, Rudy L.
name: Carver, Kyle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Standard tissue culture has often been a poor model for predicting the efficacy of anti-cancer agents including oligonucleotides. In contrast to the simplicity of monolayer tissue cultures, a tumor mass includes tightly packed tumor cells, tortuous blood vessels, high levels of extracellular matrix, and stromal cells that support the tumor. These complexities pose a challenge for delivering therapeutic agents throughout the tumor, with many drugs limited to cells proximal to the vasculature. Multicellular tumor spheroids are superior to traditional monolayer cell culture for the assessment of cancer drug delivery, since they possess many of the characteristics of metastatic tumor foci. However, homogeneous spheroids comprised solely of tumor cells do not account for some of the key aspects of metastatic tumors, particularly the interaction with host cells such as fibroblasts. Further, homogeneous culture does not allow for the assessment of targeted delivery to tumor versus host cells. Here we have evaluated delivery of targeted and untargeted oligonucleotide nanoconjugates and of oligonucleotide polyplexes in both homogeneous and composite tumor spheroids. We find that inclusion of fibroblasts in the spheroids reduces delivery efficacy of the polyplexes. In contrast, targeted multivalent RGD–oligonucleotide nanoconjugates were able to effectively discriminate between melanoma cells and fibroblasts, thus providing tumor-selective uptake and pharmacological effects.
title: Die Korrespondenz des Friedrich von Gentz mit dem Internuntius Franz Freiherr von Ottenfels-Gschwind in den Jahren 1822-1825
Creators: name: Maiwald, Christian
Publisher: name: MAP - Modern Academic Publishing, Universität zu Köln
Year: 2016

description: Virtuosen der Öffentlichkeit? Friedrich von Gentz (1764-1832) im globalen intellektuellen Kontext seiner Zeit
Clonal variation in physiological parameters of Alexandrium tamarense: implications for biological invasions and maintenance
Creators: name: HADJADJI, Imene
name: MASSERET, Estelle
name: PLISSON, Benoit
name: LAABIR, Mohamed
name: CECCHI, Philippe
name: COLLOS, Yves
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: The study of the intraspecific variability is a crucial step for understanding the successful establishment and maintenance of invasive species. Alexandrium tamarense strains isolated in spring 2007 from a single bloom in Thau lagoon have been grown on three different media (ESNW based on natural seawater, and the artificial media, ESAW, ESAW+HA). A large diversity in the ability of strains to grow on these media was found. Irrespective of medium compo- sition, growth curves followed three models: (1) a classical shape, (2) a population crash followed in some cases (3) by growth recovery. Some strains were able to show significant growth in an environment completely artificial (ESAW). ANOVA indicated a significant difference between groups in growth rates allowing the distinction of contrasted categories among the strains studied in ESNW medium. These statistical tests also indicated the presence of distinct groups among the strains grown in the ESAW as well as for those on ESAW+HA medium. Lag phases were extremely variable between strains in all environments, suggesting a high variability of adaptation to the environment. The results revealed that wide fitness variations were exhibited by diverse conspecific A. tamarense individuals co-existing during a bloom.
Non-ferroelectric nature of the conductance hysteresis in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-based photovoltaic devices
Creators: name: Beilsten-Edmands, J.
name: Eperon, G. E.
name: Johnson, R. D.
name: Snaith, H. J.
name: Radaelli, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of conductance hysteresis on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films, performed using the double-wave method, in order to investigate the possibility of a ferroelectric response. A strong frequency dependence of the hysteresis is observed in the range of 0.1 Hz to 150 Hz, with a hysteretic charge density in excess of 1000 μC/cm2 at frequencies below 0.4 Hz - a behaviour uncharacteristic of a ferroelectric response. We show that the observed hysteretic conductance, as well as the presence of a double arc in the impedance spectroscopy, can be fully explained by the migration of mobile ions under bias on a timescale of seconds. Our measurements place an upper limit of approximately 1 μC/cm2 on any intrinsic frequency-independent polarisation, ruling out ferroelectricity as the main cause of current-voltage hysteresis and providing further evidence of the importance of ionic migration in modifying the efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 devices.
What if meat consumption would decrease more than expected in the high-income countries?
Creators: name: Santini, Fabien
name: Ronzon, Tévécia
name: Perez Dominguez, Ignacio
name: Araujo Enciso, Sergio René
name: Proietti, Ilaria
Publisher: name: Bio-based and Applied Economics
Year: 2017

description: Changes in meat consumption patterns could induce significant adjustments in agricultural markets. In this paper alternative scenarios envisaging lower meat consumption over the coming decade in high income countries and some selected emerging economies have been tested, with or without compensation by other sources of proteins. From a European perspective, results show a livestock farming sector having to deal with contradictory market signals. On the one side, the reduction in feedstuffs prices is an incentive to produce more, with lower output prices affecting positively the trade balance with developing countries, where demand keeps increasing. However, on the other side, the lower domestic demand for meat would affect profitability of meat production in the EU. Overall, the European beef meat sector would be the most affected, with some higher demand for dairy products. This possible evolution of European diets is a challenge for European livestock farmers, which will be required to adapt their production mix and rely on the portfolio of policies the CAP offers.
description: Bio-based and Applied Economics, Vol 6 No 1 (2017)
(401042) John Ulrich Theodore Shiell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary methods, tables, figures, and appendices from Plasticity-led evolution: evaluating the key prediction of frequency-dependent adaptation.
Creators: name: Levis, Nicholas A.
name: Pfennig, David W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Plasticity-led evolution occurs when a change in the environment triggers a change in phenotype via phenotypic plasticity, and this pre-existing plasticity is subsequently refined by selection into an adaptive phenotype. A critical, but largely untested prediction of plasticity-led evolution (and evolution by natural selection generally) is that the rate and magnitude of evolutionary change should be positively associated with a phenotype's frequency of expression in a population. Essentially, the more often a phenotype is expressed and exposed to selection, the greater its opportunity for adaptive refinement. We tested this prediction by competing against each other spadefoot toad tadpoles from different natural populations that vary in how frequently they express a novel, environmentally induced carnivore ecomorph. As expected, laboratory-reared tadpoles whose parents were derived from populations that express the carnivore ecomorph more frequently were superior competitors for the resource for which this ecomorph is specialized—fairy shrimp. These tadpoles were better at using this resource both because they were more efficient at capturing and consuming shrimp and because they produced more exaggerated carnivore traits. Moreover, they exhibited these more carnivore-like features even without experiencing the inducing cue, suggesting that this ecomorph has undergone an extreme form of plasticity-led evolution––genetic assimilation. Thus, our findings provide evidence that the frequency of trait expression drives the magnitude of adaptive refinement, thereby validating a key prediction of plasticity-led evolution specifically and adaptive evolution generally.
Seasonal changes in the population dynamics of Aurelia aurita in Thau lagoon
Creators: name: BONNET, Delphine
name: MOLINERO, Juan Carlos
name: SCHOHN, Thomas
name: DALY YAHIA, Mohamed Néjib
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: Seasonal dynamics of the scyphomedusae, Aurelia aurita, was investigated twice a month from January 2010 to June 2011 and related to environmental conditions in Thau lagoon, southwestern Mediterranean Sea. Strobilation, indicated by the presence of 1 mm ephyrae, occurred from November to the middle of April. Maximum abundances up to 330 ind.100 m-3 were reached in May 2011, few weeks after the last ephyrae release. The population declines afterwards steadily until disappearing from the water column. Concurrent with increased water temperature and mesozooplankton predation during May, growth rates increased from 0.04 mm.day-1 to a peak of 4.5 mm.day-1, with a maximum bell diameter of 11.3 cm reached on the 7th May. During the study period, there was no advection of A. aurita between Thau lagoon and the coastal waters.
Hierarchical mutual information for the comparison of hierarchical community structures in complex networks
Creators: name: Perotti, Juan Ignacio
name: Tessone, Claudio Juan
name: Caldarelli, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The quest for a quantitative characterization of community and modular structure of complex networks produced a variety of methods and algorithms to classify different networks. However, it is not clear if such methods provide consistent, robust and meaningful results when considering hierarchies as a whole. Part of the problem is the lack of a similarity measure for the comparison of hierarchical community structures. In this work we give a contribution by introducing the {\it hierarchical mutual information}, which is a generalization of the traditional mutual information, and allows to compare hierarchical partitions and hierarchical community structures. The {\it normalized} version of the hierarchical mutual information should behave analogously to the traditional normalized mutual information. Here, the correct behavior of the hierarchical mutual information is corroborated on an extensive battery of numerical experiments. The experiments are performed on artificial hierarchies, and on the hierarchical community structure of artificial and empirical networks. Furthermore, the experiments illustrate some of the practical applications of the hierarchical mutual information. Namely, the comparison of different community detection methods, and the study of the consistency, robustness and temporal evolution of the hierarchical modular structure of networks.
description: 14 pages and 12 figures
Taking the First Steps towards a Standard for Reporting on Phylogenies: Minimum Information about a Phylogenetic Analysis (MIAPA)
Creators: name: Rhee, Seung Y.
name: Pires, J. Chris
name: Zmasek, Christian
name: Gu, Xun
name: Brenner, Eric
name: Leebens-Mack, Jim
name: Kellogg, Elizabeth A.
name: Koonin, Eugene V.
name: DePamphilis, Claude
name: Bowers, John E.
name: Philippe, Hervé
name: Doyle, Jeff J.
name: Clement, Mark J.
name: DeSalle, Rob
name: Vision, Todd
name: Sjölander, Kimmen
name: Warnow, Tandy
name: Qiu, Yin Long
name: Wall, Kerr
name: Cunningham, Clifford W.
name: Soltis, Douglas E.
name: Cannon, Steven
name: Harshman, John
name: Soltis, Pamela S.
name: Jansen, Robert K.
name: Eisen, Jonathan A.
name: Stevenson, Dennis W.
name: Mishler, Brent D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: In the eight years since phylogenomics was introduced as the intersection of genomics and phylogenetics, the field has provided fundamental insights into gene function, genome history and organismal relationships. The utility of phylogenomics is growing with the increase in the number and diversity of taxa for which whole genome and large transcriptome sequence sets are being generated. We assert that the synergy between genomic and phylogenetic perspectives in comparative biology would be enhanced by the development and refinement of minimal reporting standards for phylogenetic analyses. Encouraged by the development of the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) standard, we propose a similar roadmap for the development of a Minimal Information About a Phylogenetic Analysis (MIAPA) standard. Key in the successful development and implementation of such a standard will be broad participation by developers of phylogenetic analysis software, phylogenetic database developers, practitioners of phylogenomics, and journal editors.
(401041) Elsbeth Theodor Schmidt
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Solving the Equation: Exploring the Roots of Mathematics Anxiety among Secondary School Students in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Creators: name: Shahid, Sidra
name: Khan, Nadia
name: Iqbal, Ayesha
name: Farhana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In the intriguing world of numbers, a common challenge looms large—mathematics anxiety. Researchers have delved deep into this intricate issue, emphasizing its profound significance. These scholarly endeavors have predominantly revolved around unraveling the enigma—what fuels mathematics anxiety? Exploring the labyrinth of numbers, they've probed factors like working memory capacity, gender disparities, negative mathematical encounters, and the specter of test anxiety, each contributing to the tapestry of this complex problem. The primary objective of this study was to identify the factors influencing students' poor performance, particularly in the context of mathematics anxiety prevalent among secondary school students in the Swat district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study examines the perspectives of both secondary school students who are currently studying mathematics and the teachers responsible for their instruction. The research sample, consisting of 180 ninth- and tenth-grade students and 42 teachers, was meticulously selected. The data was collected through an extensive questionnaire in this cross-sectional research with a descriptive design. This research indicates that, when compared to traditional instruction, cooperative learning enhances students' mathematical proficiency. The data also implies that individuals who struggled with mathematics in high school performed poorly academically as adults. Furthermore, the data analysis suggests that mathematics anxiety has a significant impact on motivation. Students with low mathematics anxiety perform significantly better than those with moderate or high mathematics anxiety, and students with moderate mathematics anxiety also perform significantly better than those with high mathematics anxiety. The results underscore the potential of cooperative learning approaches to enhance mathematical competence while shedding light on the challenges associated with widespread mathematics anxiety
(401040) Mary Frome
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Defining Salivary Biomarkers Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Bencharit, Sompop
name: Dibble, Christopher F.
name: Border, Michael B.
name: Al-Tarawneh, Sandra K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Recent advancements in mass spectrometric proteomics provide a promising result in utilizing saliva to explore biomarkers for diagnostic purposes. However, the issues of specificity or redundancy of disease-associated salivary biomarkers have not been described. This systematic review was therefore aimed to define and summarize disease-related salivary biomarkers identified by mass spectrometry proteomics. Peer-reviewed articles published through July 2009 within three databases were reviewed. Out of 243 articles, 21 studies were selected in this systematic review with conditions including Sjögren's syndrome, squamous cell carcinoma, dental caries, diabetes, breast cancer, periodontitis, gastric cancer, systemic sclerosis, oral lichen planus, bleeding oral cavity, and graft-versus-host disease. The sample size ranged from 3–41 in both diseased and control subjects, with no consensus on sample collection protocol. One hundred eighty biomarkers were identified in total; 87 upregulated, 63 downregulated, and 30 varying based on disease. Except for Sjögren's syndrome, the majority of studies with the same disease produce inconsistent biomarkers. Larger sample size and standardization of sample collection/treatment protocol may improve future studies.
Petrov Classification and holographic reconstruction of spacetime
Creators: name: Gath, Jakob
name: Mukhopadhyay, Ayan
name: Petkou, Anastasios C.
name: Petropoulos, P. Marios
name: Siampos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the asymptotic form of the bulk Weyl tensor, we present an explicit approach that allows us to reconstruct exact four-dimensional Einstein spacetimes which are algebraically special with respect to Petrov's classification. If the boundary metric supports a traceless, symmetric and conserved complex rank-two tensor, which is related to the boundary Cotton and energy-momentum tensors, and if the hydrodynamic congruence is shearless, then the bulk metric is exactly resummed and captures modes that stand beyond the hydrodynamic derivative expansion. We illustrate the method when the congruence has zero vorticity, leading to the Robinson-Trautman spacetimes of arbitrary Petrov class, and quote the case of non-vanishing vorticity, which captures the Plebanski-Demianski Petrov D family.
description: v1: 22 pages, Latex, v3: few minor changes, JHEP version, v4: typo corrected in equation (2.25)
Blooms and population dynamics of moon jellyfish in the northern Adriatic
Creators: name: MALEJ, Alenka
name: KOGOVEK, TjaA
name: RAMAK, Andreja
name: CATENACCI, Luca
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: Nowadays scyphomedusae have earned the reputation of sentinels of ecological disturbance, due to periodical blooms and causality with anthropogenic mediated factors (e.g. eutrophication, species translocation, overfishing, and substrate addition). Increasing frequency and extension of jellyfish blooms in coastal waters have significant impact to eco- nomically important sectors (tourism, fishery, and aquaculture). Due to connectivity of Mediterranean sub-basins jellyfish blooms developed in one sub-basin may disperse and sustain high jellyfish abundance over whole basin. This study presents historical evidence of Aurelia medusae and periodicity of appearance in the northern Adriatic, the seasonality of polyp density and their reproduction. The study pointed to possible causes of recent bloom increases in the northern Adriatic. The wavelet analyses reveal increasing periodicity in the last decades, and from 2002 Aurelia blooms become an annual event. The Aurelia medusae from the northern Adriatic were phylogenetically identified as Aurelia sp. 8 with distribution range in Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Intertwining of several factors (habitat modifications with marine constructions allow suitable substrata for polyps, empty niches due to removal of higher predators etc.) with intrinsic characteristics of meta- genetic life history can be causes of recent blooms.
Adaptive identification of coherent states
Creators: name: Stenberg, Markku P. V.
name: Pack, Kevin
name: Wilhelm, Frank K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present methods for efficient characterization of an optical coherent state $|α\rangle$. We choose measurement settings adaptively and stochastically, based on data while it is collected. Our algorithm divides the estimation into two distinct steps: (i) before the first detection of a vacuum state, the probability of choosing a measurement setting is proportional to detecting vacuum with the setting, which makes using too similar measurement settings twice unlikely; and (ii) after the first detection of vacuum, we focus measurements in the region where vacuum is most likely to be detected. In step (i) [(ii)] the detection of vacuum (a photon) has a significantly larger effect on the shape of the posterior probability distribution of $α$. Compared to nonadaptive schemes, our method makes the number of measurement shots required to achieve a certain level of accuracy smaller approximately by a factor proportional to the area describing the initial uncertainty of $α$ in phase space. While this algorithm is not directly robust against readout errors, we make it such by introducing repeated measurements in step (i).
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Mesozooplankton diversity, reproduction modes, and potential invasibility in the Baltic Sea
Creators: name: POSTEL, Lutz
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: The paper primarily considers whether bloom forming zooplankton taxa can significantly alter diversity patterns and whether higher diversity may prevent monospecific blooms. Data were obtained from the Western Baltic Sea to the Baltic proper in 2003. The salinity gradient, decreasing from West to East, corresponded well with declining diversity (Shannon index H´) in February, March, and in October. The track of H´ was in agreement with the marine branch of Remane's curve (Remane, 1934) during this time. However, in May and August, diversity in the western Baltic Sea decreased locally and the correlation disappeared. In May, the phenomenon was caused by a massive increase of the rotifer Synchaeta spp. while the cladoceran Bosmina spp. drove the August event. Consequently, organisms with r-strategic reproduction modes are able to lower H´ independently of the original diversity level in the area. It is hypothesized that reproduction characteristics of organisms are also important for establishing invasive species in the recipient area. It could explain certain inconsistencies in the diversity-invasibility hypothesis.
A Generalized Spatial Correlation Model for 3D MIMO Channels based on the Fourier Coefficients of Power Spectrums
Creators: name: Nadeem, Qurrat-Ul-Ain
name: Kammoun, Abla
name: Debbah, Merouane
name: Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Previous studies have confirmed the adverse impact of fading correlation on the mutual information (MI) of two-dimensional (2D) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. More recently, the trend is to enhance the system performance by exploiting the channel's degrees of freedom in the elevation, which necessitates the derivation and characterization of three-dimensional (3D) channels in the presence of spatial correlation. In this paper, an exact closed-form expression for the Spatial Correlation Function (SCF) is derived for 3D MIMO channels. This novel SCF is developed for a uniform linear array of antennas with nonisotropic antenna patterns. The proposed method resorts to the spherical harmonic expansion (SHE) of plane waves and the trigonometric expansion of Legendre and associated Legendre polynomials. The resulting expression depends on the underlying arbitrary angular distributions and antenna patterns through the Fourier Series (FS) coefficients of power azimuth and elevation spectrums. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the SCF being valid for any 3D propagation environment. The developed SCF determines the covariance matrices at the transmitter and the receiver that form the Kronecker channel model. In order to quantify the effects of correlation on the system performance, the information-theoretic deterministic equivalents of the MI for the Kronecker model are utilized in both mono-user and multi-user cases. Numerical results validate the proposed analytical expressions and elucidate the dependence of the system performance on azimuth and elevation angular spreads and antenna patterns. Some useful insights into the behaviour of MI as a function of downtilt angles are provided. The derived model will help evaluate the performance of correlated 3D MIMO channels in the future.
description: Accepted in IEEE Transactions on signal processing
Biological invasions in terrestrial ecosystems - Science and management
Creators: name: PASCAL, Michel
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: Are concepts related to biological invasions in terrestrial ecosystems relevant to marine ecosystems? To address this question we start with a definition of "biological invasion" and some observations that show that this question is of more than academic interest. Several results are presented that show why scientists should consider biological invasions as experiments and should collaborate with managers to develop effective management procedures. Likewise, several results from "pure" science have been highly useful for conservation managers.
Supplementary methods, tables, figures, and appendices from Plasticity-led evolution: evaluating the key prediction of frequency-dependent adaptation
Creators: name: Levis, Nicholas A.
name: Pfennig, David W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Plasticity-led evolution occurs when a change in the environment triggers a change in phenotype via phenotypic plasticity, and this pre-existing plasticity is subsequently refined by selection into an adaptive phenotype. A critical, but largely untested prediction of plasticity-led evolution (and evolution by natural selection generally) is that the rate and magnitude of evolutionary change should be positively associated with a phenotype's frequency of expression in a population. Essentially, the more often a phenotype is expressed and exposed to selection, the greater its opportunity for adaptive refinement. We tested this prediction by competing against each other spadefoot toad tadpoles from different natural populations that vary in how frequently they express a novel, environmentally induced carnivore ecomorph. As expected, laboratory-reared tadpoles whose parents were derived from populations that express the carnivore ecomorph more frequently were superior competitors for the resource for which this ecomorph is specialized—fairy shrimp. These tadpoles were better at using this resource both because they were more efficient at capturing and consuming shrimp and because they produced more exaggerated carnivore traits. Moreover, they exhibited these more carnivore-like features even without experiencing the inducing cue, suggesting that this ecomorph has undergone an extreme form of plasticity-led evolution––genetic assimilation. Thus, our findings provide evidence that the frequency of trait expression drives the magnitude of adaptive refinement, thereby validating a key prediction of plasticity-led evolution specifically and adaptive evolution generally.
(401039) Anthony Shiell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Periclimenaeus parkeri sp. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae) from the Kimberley, Western Australia
Creators: name: BRUCE, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: Periclimenaeus parkeri sp. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae), a shrimp from the Kimberley, Western Australia, is described and illustrated. The single specimen was found off Cassini Island, at 12 m, in an unidentified ascidian host. The new species has the fingers of both second pereiopods with a molar process and fossa mechanism, a character that necessitates a minor revision of the definition of the genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915. A key to distinguish the new species from similar taxa is provided.
Metabolomics Reveals Differential Levels of Oral Metabolites in HIV-Infected Patients: Toward Novel Diagnostic Targets
Creators: name: Ghannoum, Mahmoud A.
name: Retuerto, Mauricio
name: Sikaroodi, Masoumeh
name: Brown, Robert E.
name: Mukherjee, Pranab K.
name: Gillevet, Patrick M.
name: Jurevic, Richard J.
name: Webster-Cyriaque, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The objective of the current study was to characterize the profile of oral metabolites in HIV-infected patients using metabolomics. Oral wash samples were collected from 12 HIV-infected and 12 healthy individuals (matched for age, sex, and ethnicity), processed, and analyzed by metabolomics. We detected 198 identifiable and 85 nonidentifiable metabolites; 27 identifiable metabolites were differentially present (12 increased, 15 decreased) in HIV-infected patients. Elevated metabolites included p-cresol sulfate, nucleotides (e.g., allantoin), and amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine, tryptophan), whereas decreased oral metabolites included fucose, fumarate, and N-acetylglucosamine. Pathway network analysis revealed the largest multinode network in healthy versus HIV-infected patients to involve carbohydrate biosynthesis and degradation. HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) showed the largest number (12) of statistically significant metabolite correlation differences compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, the oral phenlyalanine:tyrosine ratio increased in ART-naive HIV-infected patients (mean ± SEM = 2.58 ± 0.87) compared with healthy individuals (1.33 ± 0.10, p = 0.062) or ART-experienced patients (1.78 ± 0.30, p = 0.441). This is the first study to reveal differential levels of oral metabolites in HIV-infected patients compared withj healthy volunteers, and that oral phenlyalanine:tyrosine ratio may be a useful marker for noninvasive monitoring of the immune status during HIV infection.
(401038) William Shiell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.