cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiscale methods for signal selection in single-cell data
Creators: name: Hoekzema, Renee S.
name: Marsh, Lewis
name: Sumray, Otto
name: Carroll, Thomas M.
name: Lu, Xin
name: Byrne, Helen M.
name: Harrington, Heather A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Analysis of single-cell transcriptomics often relies on clustering cells and then performing differential gene expression (DGE) to identify genes that vary between these clusters. These discrete analyses successfully determine cell types and markers; however, continuous variation within and between cell types may not be detected. We propose three topologically motivated mathematical methods for unsupervised feature selection that consider discrete and continuous transcriptional patterns on an equal footing across multiple scales simultaneously. Eigenscores ($\text{eig}_i$) rank signals or genes based on their correspondence to low-frequency intrinsic patterning in the data using the spectral decomposition of the Laplacian graph. The multiscale Laplacian score (MLS) is an unsupervised method for locating relevant scales in data and selecting the genes that are coherently expressed at these respective scales. The persistent Rayleigh quotient (PRQ) takes data equipped with a filtration, allowing the separation of genes with different roles in a bifurcation process (e.g., pseudo-time). We demonstrate the utility of these techniques by applying them to published single-cell transcriptomics data sets. The methods validate previously identified genes and detect additional biologically meaningful genes with coherent expression patterns. By studying the interaction between gene signals and the geometry of the underlying space, the three methods give multidimensional rankings of the genes and visualisation of relationships between them.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures, 1 table. Revised and published in Entropy, special issue Applications of Topological Data Analysis in the Life Sciences
Probable or Improbable Universe? Correlating Electroweak Vacuum Instability with the Scale of Inflation
Creators: name: Hook, Anson
name: Kearney, John
name: Shakya, Bibhushan
name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the Higgs boson and top quark masses indicate that the Standard Model Higgs potential becomes unstable around $Λ_I \sim 10^{11}$ GeV. This instability is cosmologically relevant since quantum fluctuations during inflation can easily destabilize the electroweak vacuum if the Hubble parameter during inflation is larger than $Λ_I$ (as preferred by the recent BICEP2 measurement). We perform a careful study of the evolution of the Higgs field during inflation, obtaining different results from those currently in the literature. We consider both tunneling via a Coleman-de Luccia or Hawking-Moss instanton, valid when the scale of inflation is below the instability scale, as well as a statistical treatment via the Fokker-Planck equation appropriate in the opposite regime. We show that a better understanding of the post-inflation evolution of the unstable AdS vacuum regions is crucial for determining the eventual fate of the universe. If these AdS regions devour all of space, a universe like ours is indeed extremely unlikely without new physics to stabilize the Higgs potential; however, if these regions crunch, our universe survives, but inflation must last a few e-folds longer to compensate for the lost AdS regions. Lastly, we examine the effects of generic Planck-suppressed corrections to the Higgs potential, which can be sufficient to stabilize the electroweak vacuum during inflation.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures. Clarifications added. Matches published version in JHEP
Random walk on random infinite looptrees
Creators: name: Björnberg, Jakob E.
name: Stefánsson, Sigurdur Örn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Looptrees have recently arisen in the study of critical percolation on the uniform infinite planar triangulation. Here we consider random infinite looptrees defined as the local limit of the looptree associated with a critical Galton--Watson tree conditioned to be large. We study simple random walk on these infinite looptrees by means of providing estimates on volume and resistance growth. We prove that if the offspring distribution of the Galton--Watson process is in the domain of attraction of a stable distribution with index $α\in(1,2]$ then the spectral dimension of the looptree is $2α/(α+1)$.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures
Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations of Neutron Matter in Chiral Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Wlazłowski, G.
name: Holt, J. W.
name: Moroz, S.
name: Bulgac, A.
name: Roche, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present variational Monte Carlo calculations of the neutron matter equation of state using chiral nuclear forces. The ground-state wavefunction of neutron matter, containing non-perturbative many-body correlations, is obtained from auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo simulations of up to about 340 neutrons interacting on a 10^3 discretized lattice. The evolution Hamiltonian is chosen to be attractive and spin-independent in order to avoid the fermion sign problem and is constructed to best reproduce broad features of the chiral nuclear force. This is facilitated by choosing a lattice spacing of 1.5 fm, corresponding to a momentum-space cutoff of Lambda = 414 MeV/c, a resolution scale at which strongly repulsive features of nuclear two-body forces are suppressed. Differences between the evolution potential and the full chiral nuclear interaction (Entem and Machleidt Lambda = 414 MeV) are then treated perturbatively. Our results for the equation of state are compared to previous quantum Monte Carlo simulations which employed chiral two-body forces at next-to-next-to-leading order (N2LO). In addition we include the effects of three-body forces at N2LO, which provide important repulsion at densities higher than 0.02 fm^-3, as well as two-body forces at N3LO.
Trajectory Generation and Control of Autonomous Vehicles
Creators: name: Poulain, Thibaud
Publisher: name: International Journal of Innovative Technology and Interdisciplinary Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The objective of this paper is to find feasible path planning algorithms for non-holonomic vehicles subject to their real dynamical constraints. Symmetric polynomial trajectory generation is proposed as reference. Then a trajectory tracking controller for a nonlinear vehicle model is developed, linearizing and discretizing the model, using a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) control algorithm. Results of numerical simulations are shown. At the end, other controllers are presented in order to continue this work and compare their performances.
description: International Journal of Innovative Technology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Vol 2 No 1 (2019): International Journal of Innovative Technology and Interdisciplinary Sciences
Spontaneous symmetry breaking of magnetostriction in metals with multi-valley band structure
Creators: name: Mikitik, G. P.
name: Sharlai, Yu. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a first-order phase transition can take place in a metal in a strong magnetic field if an electron Landau level approaches the Fermi energy of the metal. This transition is due to the electron-phonon interaction and is characterized by a jump in magnetostriction of the metal. If there are several equivalent groups of charge carriers in the metal, a spontaneous symmetry breaking of the magnetostriction can occur when the Landau level crosses the Fermi energy, and this breaking manifests itself as a series of the structural phase transitions that change a crystal symmetry of the metal. With these results, we discuss unusual findings recently discovered in bismuth.[ In the new version more explanations and examples added.]
description: 10 pages, 3 fig
Generalized Moment Method for Gap Estimation and Quantum Monte Carlo Level Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Suwa, Hidemaro
name: Todo, Synge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a convergent sequence for the energy gap estimation in the worldline quantum Monte Carlo method. The ambiguity left in the conventional gap calculation for quantum systems is eliminated. Our estimation will be unbiased in the low-temperature limit and also the error bar is reliably estimated. The level spectroscopy from quantum Monte Carlo data is developed as an application of the unbiased gap estimation. From the spectral analysis, we precisely determine the Kosterlitz-Thouless quantum phase-transition point of the spin-Peierls model. It is stablished that the quantum phonon with a finite frequency is essential to the critical theory governed by the antiadiabatic limit, i.e., the $k=1$ SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model.
description: The main text has 5 pages with 3 figures, and the supplement material has 6 pages
Complex Spatiotemporal Modulations and Non-Hermitian Degeneracies in $\mathcal{PT}$-Symmetric Phononic Materials
Creators: name: Moghaddaszadeh, M.
name: Attarzadeh, M. A.
name: Aref, A.
name: Nouh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unraveling real eigenfrequencies in non-Hermitian $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Hamiltonians has opened new avenues in quantum physics, photonics, and most recently, phononics. However, the existing literature squarely focuses on exploiting such systems in the context of scattering profiles (i.e., transmission and reflection) at the boundaries of a modulated waveguide, rather than the rich dynamics of the non-Hermitian medium itself. In this work, we investigate the wave propagation behavior of a one-dimensional non-Hermitian elastic medium with a universal complex stiffness modulation which encompasses a static term in addition to real and imaginary harmonic variations in both space and time. Using plane wave expansion, we conduct a comprehensive dispersion analysis for a wide set of sub-scenarios to quantify the onset of complex conjugate eigenfrequencies, and set forth the existence conditions for gaps which emerge along the wavenumber space. Upon defining the hierarchy and examining the asymmetry of these wavenumber gaps, we show that both the position with respect to the wavenumber axis and the imaginary component of the oscillatory frequency largely depend on the modulation type and gap order. Finally, we demonstrate the coalescence of multiple Bloch-wave modes at the emergent exceptional points where significant direction-dependent amplification can be realized by triggering specific harmonics through a process which is detailed herein.
Hierarchical Dirichlet Scaling Process
Creators: name: Kim, Dongwoo
name: Oh, Alice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present the \textit{hierarchical Dirichlet scaling process} (HDSP), a Bayesian nonparametric mixed membership model. The HDSP generalizes the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) to model the correlation structure between metadata in the corpus and mixture components. We construct the HDSP based on the normalized gamma representation of the Dirichlet process, and this construction allows incorporating a scaling function that controls the membership probabilities of the mixture components. We develop two scaling methods to demonstrate that different modeling assumptions can be expressed in the HDSP. We also derive the corresponding approximate posterior inference algorithms using variational Bayes. Through experiments on datasets of newswire, medical journal articles, conference proceedings, and product reviews, we show that the HDSP results in a better predictive performance than labeled LDA, partially labeled LDA, and author topic model and a better negative review classification performance than the supervised topic model and SVM.
Elementary totally disconnected locally compact groups
Creators: name: Wesolek, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We identify the class of elementary groups: the smallest class of totally disconnected locally compact second countable (t.d.l.c.s.c.) groups that contains the profinite groups and the discrete groups, is closed under group extensions of profinite groups and discrete groups, and is closed under countable increasing unions. We show this class enjoys robust permanence properties. In particular, it is closed under group extension, taking closed subgroups, taking Hausdorff quotients, and inverse limits. A characterization of elementary groups in terms of well-founded descriptive-set-theoretic trees is then presented. We conclude with three applications. We first prove structure results for general t.d.l.c.s.c. groups. In particular, we show a compactly generated t.d.l.c.s.c. group decomposes into elementary groups and topologically characteristically simple groups via group extension. We then prove two local-to-global structure theorems: Locally solvable t.d.l.c.s.c. groups are elementary and [A]-regular t.d.l.c.s.c. groups are elementary.
description: Accepted version. To appear in The Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society
Sample taking problems in measuring actual histamine levels of human gastroduodenal mucosa: specific and general relevance in clinical trials on peptic ulcer pathogenesis and selective proximal vagotomy
Creators: name: Thon, K. P.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Ohmann, C.
name: Weber, D.
name: Rohde, H.
name: Röher, H. D.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Biopsy/methods
subject: Clinical Trials as Topic
subject: Cold Temperature
subject: Female
subject: Gastric Mucosa/pathology
subject: Histamine/metabolism
subject: Humans
subject: Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Peptic Ulcer/pathology
subject: Specimen Handling/methods
subject: Vagotomy, Proximal Gastric

description: Changes in histamine storage in the oxyntic mucosa of duodenal ulcer patients and their reversal by vagotomy and the histamine H2-antagonist cimetidine supported the hypothesis that histamine could be a causal factor in peptic ulcer pathogenesis. The specificity of these findings was impaired by problems in biopsy taking, however, and in the preparative steps before measuring the actual histamine contents in all parts of the gastric mucosa and in the duodenum. A prospective trial was carried out in 190 patients to identify these sources of bias and to overcome them by appropriate study designs. Usually a direct correlation was found between weight of biopsy and mucosal histamine content. This problem was solved by selecting a biopsy forceps producing smaller variations in sample size, by limiting the time of cold ischaemia to four to five minutes only and by taking three biopsy specimens for each single histamine value. The actual histamine content of mucosal biopsies remained constant for about four to five minutes only. The 'disappearance' rate was faster in control subjects than in duodenal ulcer patients. Hence by variation of the cold ischaemia time any artefacts of differences between mucosal histamine levels in controls and duodenal ulcer patients could be produced. Using the optimised sample taking procedure mucosal histamine contents of several gastric regions and the duodenal bulb were measured in 24 patients with duodenal ulcer, after selective proximal vagotomy without drainage and in control subjects without any stomach disease (randomised controlled trial). The histamine content was lower in all parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract in duodenal ulcer patients than in controls and was raised again in all regions after selective proximal vagotomy. As the most likely hypothesis it is suggested that vagal reflexes with afferent fibres coming from the oxyntic mucosa stimulate histamine release in duodenal ulcer patients by efferent peptidergic neurones to all parts of the stomach and the duodenum where the ulcer lesion is situated.
Grundlagen chirurgischer Indikationen: Hilfen zur Entscheidungsfindung [Principles of surgical indications: aids in decision making]
Creators: name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Ohmann, C.
name: Stöltzing, H.
name: Thon, K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Diagnosis
subject: Duodenal Ulcer/surgery
subject: Humans
subject: Prognosis
subject: Risk
subject: Surgical Procedures, Operative

description: Several types of clinical studies provide important decision aids for surgical indications. They include quantitative data on outcomes and utility analysis, graphic illustration of the various possibilities for decisions by decision trees, controlled clinical trials with data used in decision trees and--if these trials fail for several reasons--carefully conducted and documented prospective and retrospective trials. Items for defining the term "surgical indication" were illustrated by constructing a decision tree for treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer.
Quantifizierung des perioperativen Risikos [Quantifications of perioperative risk]
Creators: name: Ohmann, C.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Colonic Diseases/surgery
subject: Humans
subject: Intraoperative Complications/etiology
subject: Postoperative Complications/etiology
subject: Risk Factors

description: In this paper standardized and quantitative definitions of perioperative risk and risk factor using probabilities are given. A calculation of risk and risk factors is performed using data from a study on perioperative risk in colon resection and a study on a preoperative risk check in general surgery. The problem of one risk factor, a combination of two risk factors and the use of many risk factors to quantify preoperative risk is discussed. Confidence intervals are recommended as a standard method for presenting statistical results on perioperative risk.
Sign of inverse spin Hall voltages generated by ferromagnetic resonance and temperature gradients in yttrium iron garnet|platinum bilayers
Creators: name: Schreier, Michael
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
name: Vasyuchka, Vitaliy
name: Flipse, Joost
name: Uchida, Ken-ichi
name: Lotze, Johannes
name: Lauer, Viktor
name: Chumak, Andrii
name: Serga, Alexander
name: Daimon, Shunsuke
name: Kikkawa, Takashi
name: Saitoh, Eiji
name: van Wees, Bart J.
name: Hillebrands, Burkard
name: Gross, Rudolf
name: Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carried out a concerted effort to determine the absolute sign of the inverse spin Hall effect voltage generated by spin currents injected into a normal metal. We focus on yttrium iron garnet (YIG)|platinum bilayers at room temperature, generating spin currents by microwaves and temperature gradients. We find consistent results for different samples and measurement setups that agree with theory. We suggest a right-hand-rule to define a positive spin Hall angle corresponding to with the voltage expected for the simple case of scattering of free electrons from repulsive Coulomb charges.
description: incorporated additions from the published version
Generic symmetries of group representations
Creators: name: Friese, Erik
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematics

description: In the seventies, László Babai has classified all finite groups isomorphic to Euclidean symmetry groups of vertex transitive polytopes. In the same paper, Babai asked for a related classification of the affine symmetry groups of orbit polytopes. The present dissertation introduces an algebraic theory of "generic symmetries" of group representations which is capable not only to reprove Babai's classical result, but also to answer Babai's question.
Selection of variables using 'independence Bayes' in computer-aided diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Creators: name: Ohmann, C.
name: Künneke, M.
name: Zaczyk, R.
name: Thon, K.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Bayes Theorem
subject: Computer Simulation
subject: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted
subject: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis
subject: Humans
subject: Probability

description: In this paper two problems of computer-aided diagnosis with 'independence Bayes' were investigated: selection of variables and monotonicity in performance as the number of measurements is increased. Using prospective data from patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the stepwise forward selection approach maximizing the apparent diagnostic accuracy was analysed with respect to different kinds of bias in estimation of the true diagnostic accuracy and to the stability of the number and type of variables selected. The results of this study suggest first that the selection of variables should be evaluated against the estimated true diagnostic accuracy obtained using all variables, and secondly that the results of a single selected sequence may be severely biased.
General Univariate Estimation-of-Distribution Algorithms
Creators: name: Doerr, Benjamin
name: Dufay, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a general formulation of a univariate estimation-of-distribution algorithm (EDA). It naturally incorporates the three classic univariate EDAs \emph{compact genetic algorithm}, \emph{univariate marginal distribution algorithm} and \emph{population-based incremental learning} as well as the \emph{max-min ant system} with iteration-best update. Our unified description of the existing algorithms allows a unified analysis of these; we demonstrate this by providing an analysis of genetic drift that immediately gives the existing results proven separately for the four algorithms named above. Our general model also includes EDAs that are more efficient than the existing ones and these may not be difficult to find as we demonstrate for the OneMax and LeadingOnes benchmarks.
description: Conference version with missing proofs in the appendix
Prozesse des perioperativen Risikos aus der Sicht des Anaesthesisten [Processes of perioperative risk from the viewpoint of the anesthesiologist]
Creators: name: Doenicke, A.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Anaphylaxis/etiology
subject: Anesthesia, General
subject: Histamine Release
subject: Humans
subject: Intraoperative Complications/etiology
subject: Postoperative Complications/etiology
subject: Risk Factors

description: Nearly all of the pharmaceutical preparations that are used for anesthesia can release histamine. H1 and H2 receptor blockades are recommended for the following groups of patients at risk: 1) Patients who show hypersensitivity to i.v. administered medications and radiological contrast media. 2) Patients with risk factors in their case histories, e.g., atopy, previous cardiac and/or pulmonary damage, and an age of over 70 years. 3) Conditions with a pathological increase in the plasma histamine level. Such conditions include (a) polytrauma, chronic kidney insufficiency, patients under radium irradiation treatment; (b) the exploration phase during a surgical procedure, more frequent blood transfusions, extracorporeal circulation, and Palacos implantation. 4) Chymopapain for chemonucleolysis.
Den Belastungen im Beruf gewachsen Ein systematisches Literaturreview zum Thema Belastungen im Beruf als sonder- und heilpädagogische Lehrpersonen sowie Möglichkeiten der Bewältigung.
Creators: name: Oberholzer, Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Belastungen im Beruf
Lehrpersonen

description: Die Masterarbeit geht der Frage nach, wie es heil- und sonderpädagogischen Lehrpersonen gelingen kann, die Belastungen im Beruf erfolgreich zu bewältigen. Im Theorieteil wird dem Begriff Stress nachgegangen, das transaktionale Stressmodell vorgestellt. Dazu wird der Begriff Burnout näher betrachtet. Ausgehend von einem Überblick über die generellen Belastungen im Lehrberuf, wird nach spezifischen Belastungen im Berufsfeld der sonderund heilpädagogischen Lehrperson gesucht zu. Davon ausgehend wird der Frage nachgegangen: «Welche Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Berufsbelastungen und Stress können aus einem systematischen Literaturreview für sonder- und heilpädagogische Lehrpersonen abgeleitet werden?». Die Ergebnisse aus dem Literaturreview werden dann mittels systematischer qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse untersucht, um konkrete Handlungsoptionen für sonderpädagogische Lehrpersonen aufzuzeigen. Die Handlungsansätze beziehen sich grundsätzlich auf die beiden Bereiche Person und Umwelt. Schliesslich wird in der Diskussion die Forschungsfragestellung beantwortet, die vorliegende Arbeit kritisch gewürdigt, ein Fazit gezogen und ein kurzer Ausblick auf weiterführende Themenbereiche gegeben.
Automatic autism spectrum disorder detection using artificial intelligence methods with MRI neuroimaging: A review
Creators: name: Moridian, Parisa
name: Ghassemi, Navid
name: Jafari, Mahboobeh
name: Salloum-Asfar, Salam
name: Sadeghi, Delaram
name: Khodatars, Marjane
name: Shoeibi, Afshin
name: Khosravi, Abbas
name: Ling, Sai Ho
name: Subasi, Abdulhamit
name: Alizadehsani, Roohallah
name: Gorriz, Juan M.
name: Abdulla, Sara A
name: Acharya, U. Rajendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a brain condition characterized by diverse signs and symptoms that appear in early childhood. ASD is also associated with communication deficits and repetitive behavior in affected individuals. Various ASD detection methods have been developed, including neuroimaging modalities and psychological tests. Among these methods, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging modalities are of paramount importance to physicians. Clinicians rely on MRI modalities to diagnose ASD accurately. The MRI modalities are non-invasive methods that include functional (fMRI) and structural (sMRI) neuroimaging methods. However, diagnosing ASD with fMRI and sMRI for specialists is often laborious and time-consuming; therefore, several computer-aided design systems (CADS) based on artificial intelligence (AI) have been developed to assist specialist physicians. Conventional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are the most popular schemes of AI used for diagnosing ASD. This study aims to review the automated detection of ASD using AI. We review several CADS that have been developed using ML techniques for the automated diagnosis of ASD using MRI modalities. There has been very limited work on the use of DL techniques to develop automated diagnostic models for ASD. A summary of the studies developed using DL is provided in the Supplementary Appendix. Then, the challenges encountered during the automated diagnosis of ASD using MRI and AI techniques are described in detail. Additionally, a graphical comparison of studies using ML and DL to diagnose ASD automatically is discussed. We suggest future approaches to detecting ASDs using AI techniques and MRI neuroimaging.
Exact solution of a family of staggered Heisenberg chains with conclusive pretty good quantum state transfer
Creators: name: Serra, Pablo
name: Ferrón, Alejandro
name: Osenda, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the exact solution for a family of one-half spin chains explicitly. The spin chains Hamiltonian corresponds to an isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian, with staggered exchange couplings that take only two different values. We work out the exact solutions in the one-excitation subspace. Regarding the problem of quantum state transfer, we use the solution and some theorems concerning the approximation of irrational numbers, to show the appearance of conclusive pretty good transmission for chains with particular lengths. We present numerical evidence that pretty good transmission is achieved by chains whose length is not a power of two. The set of spin chains that shows pretty good transmission is a subset of the family with an exact solution. Using perturbation theory, we thoroughly analyze the case when one of the exchange coupling strengths is orders of magnitude larger than the other. This strong coupling limit allows us to study, in a simple way, the appearance of pretty good transmission. The use of analytical closed expressions for the eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and transmission probabilities allows us to obtain the precise asymptotic behavior of the time where the pretty good transmission is observed. Moreover, we show that this time scales as a power law whose exponent is an increasing function of the chain length. We also discuss the crossover behavior obtained for the pretty good transmission time between the regimes of strong coupling limit and the one observed when the exchange couplings are of the same order of magnitude.
On factorisation systems for surjective quandle homomorphisms
Creators: name: Even, Valérian
name: Gran, Marino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18A32, 57M27

description: We study and compare two factorisation systems for surjective homomorphisms in the category of quandles. The first one is induced by the adjunction between quandles and trivial quandles, and a precise description of the two classes of morphisms of this factorisation system is given. In doing this we observe that a special class of congruences in the category of quandles always permute in the sense of the composition of relations, a fact that opens the way to some new universal algebraic investigations in the category of quandles. The second factorisation system is the one discovered by E. Bunch, P. Lofgren, A. Rapp and D. N. Yetter. We conclude with an example showing a difference between these factorisation systems.
description: 14 pages
Quantum Speed Limit for States with a Bounded Energy Spectrum
Creators: name: Ness, Gal
name: Alberti, Andrea
name: Sagi, Yoav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum speed limits set the maximal pace of state evolution. Two well-known limits exist for a unitary time-independent Hamiltonian: the Mandelstam-Tamm and Margolus-Levitin bounds. The former restricts the rate according to the state energy uncertainty, while the latter depends on the mean energy relative to the ground state. Here we report on an additional bound that exists for states with a bounded energy spectrum. This bound is dual to the Margolus-Levitin one in the sense that it depends on the difference between the state's mean energy and the energy of the highest occupied eigenstate. Each of the three bounds can become the most restrictive one, depending on the spread and mean of the energy, forming three dynamical regimes which are accessible in a multi-level system. The new bound is relevant for quantum information applications, since in most of them, information is stored and manipulated in a Hilbert space with a bounded energy spectrum.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Linear Scaling Density Matrix Real Time TDDFT: Propagator Unitarity \& Matrix Truncation
Creators: name: O'Rourke, Conn
name: Bowler, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real time, density matrix based, time dependent density functional theory proceeds through the propagation of the density matrix, as opposed to the Kohn-Sham orbitals. It is possible to reduce the computational workload by imposing spatial cut-off radii on sparse matrices, and the propagation of the density matrix in this manner provides direct access to the optical response of very large systems, which would be otherwise impractical to obtain using the standard formulations of TDDFT. Following a brief summary of our implementation, along with several benchmark tests illustrating the validity of the method, we present an exploration of the factors affecting the accuracy of the approach. In particular we investigate the effect of basis set size and matrix truncation, the key approximation used in achieving linear scaling, on the propagator unitarity and optical spectra. Finally we illustrate that, with an appropriate density matrix truncation range applied, the computational load scales linearly with the system size and discuss the limitations of the approach.
description: Accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phys
MRI of cranial nerve enhancement: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) case series
Creators: name: Supak Chutiphaijit
name: Sasitorn Petcharunpaisan
Publisher: name: Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Abnormal enhancement of cranial nerves (CNs), 3-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted image (T1WI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

description: Chulalongkorn Medical Journal, 63, 2, 127-134
Biomedizinische und klinimetrische Ansätze in der Ursachenforschung beim perioperativen Risiko: Erstellung einer deutschen ASA-Klassifikation [Biomedical and clinimetric approaches in determining the causes of perioperative risk: developing a German ASA classification]
Creators: name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Dick, W.
name: Junginger, T.
name: Ohmann, C.
name: Doenicke, A.
name: Rothmund, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Germany, West
subject: Health Status Indicators
subject: Health Surveys
subject: Humans
subject: Intraoperative Complications/etiology
subject: Postoperative Complications/etiology
subject: Risk Factors

description: Perioperative risk research with biomedical (biochemical, physiological) methods must grow up as a main topic in surgical research. However, operative risk has also to be analysed with methods of clinimetrics, such as formal (objective) decision making and epidemiology. Only by this way a convincing practical dimension is added to basic scientific statements. ASA-classification of the preoperative physical status is a global index for estimating the operative risk. It contains objective findings, subjective impressions and the final clinical judgement. For this reason it is so flexible. For a multicentre trial on perioperative risk and histamine an empirical index was constructed using both the ASA-classification and the Mannheim-Munich risk check list.
Semiclassical study of the Mixmaster model: the quantum Kasner map
Creators: name: Brizuela, David
name: Uria, Sara F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz conjecture, close to a spacelike singularity different spatial points decouple, and the dynamics can be described in terms of the Mixmaster (vacuum Bianchi IX) model. In order to understand the role played by quantum-gravity effects in this context, in the present work we consider the semiclassical behavior of this model. Classically, this system undergoes a series of transitions between Kasner epochs, which are described by a specific transition law. This law is derived based on the conservation of certain physical quantities and the rotational symmetry of the system. In a quantum scenario, however, fluctuations and higher-order moments modify these quantities, and consequently also the transition rule. In particular, we perform a canonical quantization of the model and then analytically obtain the modifications of this transition law for semiclassical states peaked around classical trajectories. The transition rules for the quantum moments are also obtained, and a number of interesting properties are derived concerning the coupling between the different degrees of freedom. More importantly, we show that, due to the presence of quantum-gravity effects and contrary to the classical model, there appear certain finite ranges of the Kasner parameters for which the system will not undergo further transitions and will follow a Kasner regime until the singularity. Even if a more detailed analysis is still needed, this feature points toward a possible resolution of the classical chaotic behavior of the model. Finally, a numerical integration of the equations of motion is also performed in order to verify the obtained analytical results.
description: 32 pages. Minor changes, version accepted for publication
Quasidegeneracy of Majorana Neutrinos and the Origin of Large Leptonic Mixing
Creators: name: Branco, G. C.
name: Rebelo, M. N.
name: Silva-Marcos, J. I.
name: Wegman, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the observed large leptonic mixing may just reflect a quasidegeneracy of three Majorana neutrinos. The limit of exact degeneracy of Majorana neutrinos is not trivial, as leptonic mixing and even CP violation may occur. We conjecture that the smallness of $|U_{13}|$, when compared to the other elements of $U_{PMNS}$, may just reflect the fact that, in the limit of exact mass degeneracy, the leptonic mixing matrix necessarily has a vanishing element. We show that the lifting of the mass degeneracy can lead to the measured value of $|U_{13}|$ while at the same time accommodating the observed solar and atmospheric mixing angles. In the scenario we consider for the breaking of the mass degeneracy there is only one CP violating phase, already present in the limit of exact degeneracy, which upon the lifting of the degeneracy generates both Majorana and Dirac-type CP violation in the leptonic sector. We analyse some of the correlations among physical observables and point out that in most of the cases considered, the implied strength of leptonic Dirac-type CP violation is large enough to be detected in the next round of experiments.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. Matches published version, references added, improved discussion, results unchanged
Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding: assessing the diagnostic contributions of the history and clinical findings
Creators: name: Ohmann, C.
name: Thon, K.
name: Stöltzing, H.
name: Yang, Q.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Bayes Theorem
subject: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted
subject: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis
subject: Humans
subject: Medical History Taking

description: Various strategies can be used in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. This study investigates the relevance of anamnestic and clinical findings for the diagnosis of the bleeding source. The authors introduced a computer-aided diagnostic system using Bayes' theorem and compared it with clinicians' predictions using anamnestic and clinical findings only. There was no difference in the overall accuracy rates, but a difference was observed in the diagnostic behaviors of the two "systems." In addition, the discriminatory ability of the computer-aided system, the sharpness of the predictions obtained, and the reliability of the posterior probabilities were analyzed. It is concluded that the clinician and the computer-aided system are not able to discriminate well between the disease categories. Derived classification matrices and probability-based measures show the reasons for the inadequacy of diagnostic information obtainable from the clinical history and physical findings.
Design of free-space couplers for suspended triangular nano-beam waveguides
Creators: name: Hadden, J. P.
name: Maynard, Cobi
name: Beggs, Daryl M.
name: Taylor, Robert A.
name: Bennett, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic waveguides with triangular cross section are being investigated for material systems such as diamond, glasses and gallium nitride, which lack easy options to create conventional rectangular nanophotonic waveguides. The design rules for optical elements in these triangular waveguides, such as couplers and gratings, are not well established. Here we present simulations of elements designed to couple light into, and out of, triangular waveguides from the vertical direction, which can be implemented with current angled-etch fabrication technology. The devices demonstrate coupling efficiencies approaching \unit{50}{\%} for light focused from a high numerical aperture objective. The implementation of such couplers will enable fast and efficient testing of closely spaced integrated circuit components.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Beyond Hard Labels: Investigating data label distributions
Creators: name: Grossmann, Vasco
name: Schmarje, Lars
name: Koch, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: High-quality data is a key aspect of modern machine learning. However, labels generated by humans suffer from issues like label noise and class ambiguities. We raise the question of whether hard labels are sufficient to represent the underlying ground truth distribution in the presence of these inherent imprecision. Therefore, we compare the disparity of learning with hard and soft labels quantitatively and qualitatively for a synthetic and a real-world dataset. We show that the application of soft labels leads to improved performance and yields a more regular structure of the internal feature space.
description: https://icml.cc/virtual/2022/workshop/13477
Implicit Neural Representations for Generative Modeling of Living Cell Shapes
Creators: name: Wiesner, David
name: Suk, Julian
name: Dummer, Sven
name: Svoboda, David
name: Wolterink, Jelmer M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Methods allowing the synthesis of realistic cell shapes could help generate training data sets to improve cell tracking and segmentation in biomedical images. Deep generative models for cell shape synthesis require a light-weight and flexible representation of the cell shape. However, commonly used voxel-based representations are unsuitable for high-resolution shape synthesis, and polygon meshes have limitations when modeling topology changes such as cell growth or mitosis. In this work, we propose to use level sets of signed distance functions (SDFs) to represent cell shapes. We optimize a neural network as an implicit neural representation of the SDF value at any point in a 3D+time domain. The model is conditioned on a latent code, thus allowing the synthesis of new and unseen shape sequences. We validate our approach quantitatively and qualitatively on C. elegans cells that grow and divide, and lung cancer cells with growing complex filopodial protrusions. Our results show that shape descriptors of synthetic cells resemble those of real cells, and that our model is able to generate topologically plausible sequences of complex cell shapes in 3D+time.
description: MICCAI 2022
Perioperative uses of histamine antagonists
Creators: name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Ennis, M.
name: Doenicke, A.
name: Dick, W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use
subject: Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use
subject: Histamine Release/drug effects
subject: Humans
subject: Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
subject: Intraoperative Care

description: Histamine release and adverse pseudoallergic/allergic reactions during the perioperative period occur frequently. The incidence of such reactions is 20%-30% for all grades of severity, 1%-5% for systemic reactions, and 0.1%-0.5% for life-threatening reactions. They can be elicited by all commonly used anesthetic agents and by surgical interventions. Both the incidence and severity can be reduced by the use of combined prophylaxis with H1- + H2-receptor antagonists. The authors recommend that this prophylaxis be given to the following groups of patients: those with a history of adverse reactions or history of allergy, patients undergoing surgery with a high risk of histamine release, elderly patients, and those with poor physical status due to underlying systemic diseases. These indications have been developed by heuristic medical decision-making, including a decision tree.
description: bei pubmed Zusatz zum Titel: "Review. Erratum in: J Clin Anesth 1991 Mar-Apr;3(2):170"
Observational constraints on the types of cosmic strings
Creators: name: Sazhina, Olga S.
name: Scognamiglio, Diana
name: Sazhin, Mikhail V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is aimed at setting observational limits to the number of cosmic strings (Nambu-Goto, Abelian-Higgs, semilocal) and other topological defects (textures). Radio maps of CMB anisotropy, provided by the space mission Planck for various frequencies, were filtered and then processed by the method of convolution with modified Haar functions (MHF) to search for cosmic string candidates. This method was designed to search for solitary strings, without additional assumptions about the presence of networks of such objects. The sensitivity of the MHF method is $δT \approx 10 μK$ in a background of $δT \approx 100 μK$. The comparison of these with previously known results on search string network shows that strings can only be semilocal in an amount of $1 ÷5$, with the upper restriction on individual strings tension (linear density) of $Gμ/c^2 \le 7.36 \cdot 10^{-7}$. The texture model is also legal. There are no strings with $Gμ/c^2 > 7.36 \cdot 10^{-7}$. However, comparison with the data for the search of non-Gaussian signals shows that the presence of several (up to 3) of Nambu-Goto strings is also possible. For $Gμ/c^2 \le 4.83 \cdot 10^{-7}$ the MHF method is ineffective because of unverifiable spurious string candidates. Thus the existence of strings with tensions $Gμ/c^2 \le 4.83 \cdot 10^{-7}$ is not prohibited but it is beyond the Planck data possibilities.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures; accepted by the European Physical Journal C