cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
No Fine theorem for macrorealism: Limitations of the Leggett-Garg inequality
Creators: name: Clemente, Lucas
name: Kofler, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tests of local realism and macrorealism have historically been discussed in very similar terms: Leggett-Garg inequalities follow Bell inequalities as necessary conditions for classical behavior. Here, we compare the probability polytopes spanned by all measurable probability distributions for both scenarios and show that their structure differs strongly between spatially and temporally separated measurements. We arrive at the conclusion that, in contrast to tests of local realism where Bell inequalities form a necessary and sufficient set of conditions, no set of inequalities can ever be necessary and sufficient for a macrorealistic description. Fine's famous proof that Bell inequalities are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a local realistic model, therefore cannot be transferred to macrorealism. A recently proposed condition, no-signaling in time, fulfills this criterion, and we show why it is better suited for future experimental tests and theoretical studies of macrorealism. Our work thereby identifies a major difference between the mathematical structures of local realism and macrorealism.
description: 6 pages, published version, comments welcome
The Hypercentral Constituent Quark Model
Creators: name: Giannini, M. M.
name: Santopinto, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hypercentral Constituent Quark Model is presented and its application to the description of the electromagnetic properties of baryons is reviewed. The results concerning the elastic nucleon form factors and the electromagnetic excitation of baryon resonances are compared with the recent experimental data
Strong modulation of optical properties in black phosphorus through strain-engineered rippling
Creators: name: Quereda, Jorge
name: San-José, Pablo
name: Parente, Vincenzo
name: Vaquero-Garzon, Luis
name: Molina-Mendoza, Aday
name: Agraït, Nicolás
name: Rubio-Bollinger, Gabino
name: Guinea, Francisco
name: Roldán, Rafael
name: Castellanos-Gomez, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Controlling the bandgap through local-strain engineering is an exciting avenue for tailoring optoelectronic materials. Two-dimensional crystals are particularly suited for this purpose because they can withstand unprecedented non-homogeneous deformations before rupture: one can literally bend them and fold them up almost like a piece of paper. Here, we study multi-layer black phosphorus sheets subjected to periodic stress to modulate their optoelectronic properties. We find a remarkable shift of the optical absorption band-edge of up to ~0.7 eV between the regions under tensile and compressive stress, greatly exceeding the strain tunability reported for transition metal dichalcogenides. This observation is supported by theoretical models which also predict that this periodic stress modulation can yield to quantum confinement of carriers at low temperatures. The possibility of generating large strain-induced variations in the local density of charge carriers opens the door for a variety of applications including photovoltaics, quantum optics and two-dimensional optoelectronic devices.
description: 16 pages main text + 13 pages SI
Reconstruction of Helio-latitudinal Structure of the Solar Wind Proton Speed and Density
Creators: name: Sokół, Justyna M.
name: Swaczyna, Paweł
name: Bzowski, Maciej
name: Tokumaru, Munetoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modeling of the heliosphere requires continuous three-dimensional solar wind data. The in-situ out-of-ecliptic measurements are very rare, so that other methods of solar wind detection are needed. We use the remote-sensing data of the solar wind speed from observations of interplanetary scintillation (IPS) to reconstruct spatial and temporal structures of the solar wind proton speed from 1985 to 2013. We developed a method of filling the data gaps in the IPS observations to obtain continuous and homogeneous solar wind speed records. We also present a method to retrieve the solar wind density from the solar wind speed, utilizing the invariance of the solar wind dynamic pressure and energy flux with latitude. To construct the synoptic maps of the solar wind speed we use the decomposition into spherical harmonics of each of the Carrington rotation map. To fill the gaps in time we apply the singular spectrum analysis to the time series of the coefficients of spherical harmonics. We obtained helio-latitudinal profiles of the solar wind proton speed and density over almost three recent solar cycles. The accuracy in the reconstruction is, due to computational limitations, about 20%. The proposed methods allow us to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of the model of the solar wind parameters presented in our previous paper (Sokół et al. 2013) and give a better insight into the time variations of the solar wind structure. Additionally, the solar wind density is reconstructed more accurately and it fits better to the in-situ measurements from Ulysses.
description: Accepted to Solar Physics (doi:10.1007/s11207-015-0800-2). 26 pages, 13 figures
Unconscious detection of one’s own image
Creators: name: Wójcik, Michał
name: Nowicka, Maria
name: Bola, Michał
name: Nowicka, Anna
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: A key mechanism behind preferential processing of self-related information might be an early and automatic capture of attention. Therefore, the present study tested a hypothesis that the self-face will attract bottom-up attention even without conscious identification. To this end we used a dot-probe paradigm with electrophysiological recordings, in which masked and unmasked pairs of faces (other, self) were presented laterally (N =18). Analysis of the sensitivity measure indicates that faces were not consciously identified in the masked condition. A clear N2pc component (neural marker of attention shifts) was found in both masked and unmasked conditions, revealing that the self-face automatically captures attention when processed unconsciously. Therefore, our study: (1) demonstrates that self-related information is boosted at an early (preconscious) stage of processing, (2) identifies further features (beyond simple physical ones) which cause automatic attention capture, and (3) provides further evidence for the dissociative nature of attention and consciousness.
Autonomy, Paternalism, and Their Medical Relevancy
Creators: name: Nicosia-Rusin, Kendall
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Given the practical nature of these problems – that they are a common occurrence in medicine – it is imperative that we have a reliable method of approaching the ethical dilemma.  Whether or not physicians act paternalistically or respect a patient’s autonomy depends on what those concepts mean and what they imply.  This paper is dedicated to this analysis. After examining and criticizing some familiar conceptions of autonomy and paternalism, I will suggest that we return to the Kantian root of autonomy, the idea that autonomy is an essential aspect of moral agency.  Since Kant’s definition of autonomy is heavily theoretical and impractical, I will suggest a new way to define autonomy: the rational setting of ends.  Autonomy is frequently used interchangeably with liberty, but these, I argue, are two very different concepts.  Liberty or freedom is about unrestrained action and choice whereas autonomous choices are constrained by rationality.  Liberty may also be a claim-based right whereas autonomy never is a right.  My definition of autonomy takes from Kant the idea that autonomy is status as a moral agent.   It would be misleading to discuss a right to autonomy because to have rights, we must be moral agents, but autonomy is an essential condition of being a moral agent.  Therefore, the order of attainment is first moral agency and autonomy and second, moral rights.  I will then find that paternalism may be justified when it violates liberty but is not justified when it violates autonomy.   Finally, I apply these concepts to more complex medical cases to determine when physicians are justified in acting paternalistically.
Trivialising juveniles' rights? : a critical comparative perspective on the rights of juveniles during police proceedings in the framework of the Dutch and Austrian justice system
Creators: name: Siegl, Katharina
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: juvenile justice
juvenile detention
police
juvenile delinquency
children rights
human rights
The Netherlands
Austria
European Committee for Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

description: Second semester University: Université Libre de Bruxelles
description: The area of juvenile justice systems focusing on children in conflict with the law amounts to the branch of children‟s rights where the largest number of legislation has been issued. Even though several States appear to question their own attitudes towards trends in juvenile delinquency, this field of juvenile justice often accounts for violations of children‟s rights at the hands of States themselves, such as during the phase of arrest. Clearly, a highly sensitive area, including responses that are frequently not be categorised as juvenile-friendly and further do not necessarily favour individual development of persons underage, the vulnerability of minor suspects refers to all stages of procedures. However, it appears to be greatest at the phase of police proceedings. This has also been confirmed by State reports of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Treatment (CPT). The present study deals with the specific topic of minors and their rights in light of international human rights law when confronted with the law enforcement body in practice. Two countries have been selected to examine and critically compare juvenile justice systems on the national level: Austria and the Netherlands. Taking into consideration the CPT reports to these countries, this thesis subsequently addresses the question of specific procedural rights and conditions of minors during the phases before detention. And moreover, until when is special protection guaranteed in the countries under examination and why are there differences among Austria and the Netherlands concerning the age limits? Overall, the question of relevance and impact of previous CPT reports on national practices arises and, similarly, which broader implications can be withdrawn from the kind of points of interests repeatedly selected and mentioned by the CPT. This research is dedicated to a comparative research, ensuring an insight into the differences and similarities of the two juvenile justice systems and identifying best practices and developments. Ultimately, broader conclusions can be drawn with regards to the nature of the force of international instruments and institutions, if a national government decide to overlook or ignore their actions and guidelines.
Deciphering the Genome of the Paddy Frog (Fejervarya multistriata)
Creators: name: 吕云云(Yunyun Lv)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Raw sequence reads
Genome sequencing
Assembly
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multispecies
Evolution

description: In the study, we focused on the paddy frog (Fejervarya multistriata), a wintering hibernator, with the aim of decoding its genome and investigating the molecular adaptations underlying hibernation in ectotherms. We successfully obtained a high-quality, chromosomes-scale genome of the paddy frog, which revealed interesting findings. The size of the genome was determined to be 3.86 and consisted of 13 chromosomes.
Unlocking the door to justice: domestic workers in diplomats households
Creators: name: Perumadan, Jimy
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: diplomatic immunity
domestic workers
Europe
human rights violations
international obligations

description: Second semester University: Lund University.
description: Domestic workers who are employed in diplomats’ households face a huge challenge when their rights are violated. Due to the immunity of their employers, domestic workers have limited access to courts. This research study addresses the gap of legal protection of domestic workers employed by diplomats in European countries and examines the role of receiving States in their capacity of hosting foreign diplomats. The study is based on a broad literature review and is complemented by two expert interviews with representatives of Ministries of Foreign Affairs in Austria and Sweden. Furthermore, a legal analysis of jurisprudence of national courts as well as the European Court of Human Rights is conducted. The findings reveal that receiving States have a positive obligation under international human rights law to offer effective protection to domestic workers employed by diplomats. The interviews in Austria and Sweden have shown an increasing awareness for the situation of domestic workers and political will to prevent rights violations. The study contributes with its collection of primary data on the procedural framework of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Austria and Sweden. It shall serve as a guideline for discussions and future research studies but also give practical recommendations to Protocol Departments.
Planck revealed bulk motion of Centaurus A lobes
Creators: name: De Paolis, F.
name: Gurzadyan, V. G.
name: Nucita, A. A.
name: Ingrosso, G.
name: Kashin, A. L.
name: Khachatryan, H. G.
name: Mirzoyan, S.
name: Yegorian, G.
name: Jetzer, Ph.
name: Qadir, A.
name: Vetrugno, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planck data towards the active galaxy Centaurus A are analyzed in the 70, 100 and 143 GHz bands. We find a temperature asymmetry of the northern radio lobe with respect to the southern one that clearly extends at least up to 5 degrees from the Cen A center and diminishes towards the outer regions of the lobes. That transparent parameter - the temperature asymmetry - thus has to carry a principal information, i.e. indication on the line-of-sight bulk motion of the lobes, while the increase of that asymmetry at smaller radii reveals the differential dynamics of the lobes as expected at ejections from the center.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Letter to the Editor (in press)
How to discipline the unruly pupil in the class without expelling him/her?: The case of Hungary in the European Union : the media war 2.0
Creators: name: Katona, Nóra
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: integration
European Union
media
legal aspects
Hungary
politics
civil society
democracy

description: Second semester University: Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest.
description: Over the last few years the European Union has been facing an economic as well as a constitutional crisis. Some Member States are challenging the common values enshrined in Art. 2 of the Treaty of the European Union, which construct the foundation of the Union. Yet, it seems that the European Union has not found the adequate means and tools to react to the risks threatening the standards of democracy and rule of law and the protection of human rights in the Member States. While in the economic crisis mainly Greece is targeted, in the values crisis Hungary is filling this position. For a long time, Hungary had been the model state for democratic transition in Central and Eastern Europe. However, it is claimed that this has changed after the elections in 2010 and that there have been tendencies towards an illiberal state since then. This thesis aims to provide an overview of the existing tools at the disposal of the European Union before and after the accession to monitor and enforce common values. Based on the example of Hungary and specially the Media Laws of 2010, the effectiveness of the legal and political means will be examined. Besides analysing the power of the European Union in enforcing common values, this thesis also deals with the in debates often abandoned social environment for the absorption of possible sanctions. Through the analysis of the selected case study, this paper illustrates the importance of support for changes from within; otherwise the steps addressing the challenges may have a counter-productive effect.
Variational Limits for Phase Precision in Linear Quantum Optical Metrology
Creators: name: Gao, Yang
name: Wang, Rumin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the variational method to obtain the universal and analytical lower bounds for parameter precision in some noisy systems. We first derive a lower bound for phase precision in lossy optical interferometry at non-zero temperature. Then we consider the effect of both amplitude damping and phase diffusion on phase-shift precision. At last, we extend the constant phase estimation to the case of continuous fluctuating phase estimation, and find that due to photon losses the corresponding mean square error transits from the stochastic Heisenberg limit to the stochastic standard quantum limit as the total photon flux increases.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Beyond occupation. A NGO perspective : apartheid, settler colonialism and ethnic cleansing in the OPT.
Creators: name: Muston, Carlotta
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Palestine
apartheid
ethnic cleansing
colonialism

description: Second semester University: Birzeit University, Palestine
description: Internship report: Grassroots Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign
description: This report is the outcome of the period spent as an intern at the Grassroots Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign. Based on the activities undertaken throughout the internship, this report shows evidence of how the policies implemented by Israel in the OPTs urgently need to be internationally recognised as enforcement of Apartheid, Settler Colonialism and Ethnic Cleansing. The analysis provided will insist that the framework of Occupation is not enough to understand the reality of the OPTs. The focus on the cluster of policies implemented by Israel, shall describe the systematic institutionalisation of an oppressive regime aimed to seize the land, while pushing Palestinians in Ghettos and Bantustans. International Law provides notions that suite and can be applied to the case of the OPT. The failure by the International Community to recognise and embrace such framework undermines the strength of the International Community, favouring political reasons over Human Rights’ ones. If the International Community, will not take a stand against Israel’s conduct, Area C of the OPTs will soon be annexed by Israel, while confining Palestinians in Area A and B of the OPTs.
title: Results of microgravity survey and groundwater sampling, Waiwera, Auckland
Creators: name: Viskovic, G. Paul D.
name: Stagpoole, Vaughan M.
name: Morgenstern, Uwe
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2023

description: The source of the hot water at Waiwera is not well understood because the deep structure of the field has mainly been inferred from the spatial distribution of thermal water from producing bores. Only four boreholes at Waiwera have intercepted Waipapa Group greywacke basement, and none have intersected the inferred fault / fracture zone that is thought to be the source of the upwelling thermal water. In this study, gravity data from 77 new stations were acquired around the greater Waiwera area, modelled and interpreted. Two 2.5D gravity models show a 180-m-high, NNW-trending step that may represent either steep topography or a downthrow to the east fault in the basement. The position and size of the step are well constrained, but the feature is too deep to confidently predict the dip and hence is modelled as almost vertical. This feature may provide a focus for hot water to rise upwards into the Waiwera geothermal system. Radiocarbon analysis of three groundwater samples show that the geothermal water at Waiwera is >20,000 years old and has <0.005% of young water. Geochemical results show possible saltwater intrusion near the coast and the highest observed concentrations of geothermal chemical components near bore 80, close to the modelled fault location (auths)
Deguelia martynii R. A. Camargo & A. M. G. Azevedo 2018, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Camargo, Rodrigo A.
name: Tozzi, Ana Maria G. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Deguelia
Deguelia martynii

description: Deguelia martynii (A.C. Sm.) R.A. Camargo & A.M.G. Azevedo, comb. nov.
 Basionym:— Lonchocarpus martynii A.C. Sm. in Krukoff & Smith (1937: 577). Type:— GUIANA. Wauna, Agr. Substa., April 1935, E. Martyn 419 ( holotype: US 00004272[digital image!]; isotypes: K000082340!, K000478106!).
 This species is very similar to Deguelia angulata (Ducke) A.M.G. Azevedo & R.A. Camargo (2014: 26). Nonetheless, it can be distinguished by the venation of its leaflets (strongly proeminent instead of slightly prominent), calyx (the teeth gradually increase in size towards the carenal side in both species, but the vexillary teeth apex is obtuse instead of round), wing petal morphology (both are obovate, but the apex is round instead of obtuse), fruit apex (symmetric instead of asymmetric) and distribution (Guiana instead of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru).
 Distribution and habitat:— Only found in Guiana. Lewis & Owen (1989) cite Lonchocarpus martynii A.C. Sm. in Krukoff & Smith (1937: 577) for Roraima (Brazil), based in two collections. One of these contains only young leaves in development and inflorescences that are well developed (J. Ratter et al. 6193), and the second has mature leaves and fruits (J. Ratter et al. 6299). However, the analysis of both specimens indicates that they are in fact Deguelia angulata. More collections are needed from Guiana and Roraima to check the range limits of these species. Thus far, Deguelia martynii is considered endemic to gallery forests of Guiana.
 Vernacular names: —White-haiari, white-aishal in Creole; aya in Patamona dialect; atolikun, kamasaukun in Wapishana (Krukoff and Smith, 1937; DeFilipps et al. 2004).
 Representative Specimens Examined: — GUIANA. Tapacouma, Poomeroon River, 13 May 1931, record 2039 (K); Basin of Essequibo River, near mouth of Blackwater Creek, 29 December 1937, A. Smith 2834 (K).
description: Published as part of Camargo, Rodrigo A. & Tozzi, Ana Maria G. A., 2018, New Combinations in Deguelia (Leguminosae, Papilionioideae) for the Guiana Shield, pp. 285-290 in Phytotaxa 356 (4) on page 287, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.356.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13706706
Corporate accountability and the role of the state: requirements for improving corporate Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) after the endorsement of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP)
Creators: name: Jeong, Eunju
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: business
human rights
corporate responsibility
international obligations
international cooperation
United Nations

description: Second semester University: University of Nottingham
description: Since their adoption in 2011, the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP) have become a focal point for the debate on corporate liability, as they articulate the role of States and corporations for human rights adverse impacts. However, the UNGP present clear shortcomings in developing corporate accountability. They do not fully reflect the existing debate on States’ extraterritorial obligations; fail to refine the legal status of corporations as duty bearers; and as a result, they do not extend a parent company’s liability to the supply chain. In this regard, this research aims at ascertaining the changing role of the States in improving corporate responsibility after endorsing the UNGP. The absence of corporate legal obligations decreases the effectiveness of Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) capable of ensuring corporate responsibility, as indicated in the Corporate Human Rights Benchmark’s analysis. Despite the limitations of the UNGP, some States are taking action to identify existing gaps and establish policy coherence, support mechanisms and relevant legislation. However, legislative efforts are seen as the weakest part among State actions. This thesis emphasizes the importance of corporate mandatory due diligence; regular monitoring of the HRDD process by independent organizations; and the development of an integral approach in different legal fields. Moreover, this research emphasizes the importance of international cooperation to improve access to remedy in host States and the need to create an enabling environment to solve corporate internal and external challenges to the practical implementation of HRDD.
Is there any relationship between immigration and terrorism? Critical analysis from human rights perspective. Europe: security for or against the displaced?
Creators: name: Niño Alba, Elena
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: terrorism
immigration
human rights
European Union

description: Second semester University: KU Leuven
description: Since the end of the Second World War, there has never been such a large and dramatic humanitarian crisis as the result of the uncontrolled flow of refugees, asylum seekers and economic migrants that worsened during the year 2015. According to official UNHCR figures collected in its 2018 statistical year book, the number of refugees in the world increases every year to exceed the figure of 68 million. Of this number, 1.1 million arrived in Europe during the recent years with the hope of rebuilding a truncated life. 5000 could not even touch land and drowned in the Mediterranean in 2015. The situation for the "lucky ones", those who reached the continent, however, has revealed the lack of political will, and has shown how much this crisis scares certain sectors of public opinion and how it has generated only clashes over the possible linkage of said immigrants with terrorist groups due to their origin (mainly Syria, Iraq or Afghanistan). Additionally, the recent terrorist attacks in Europe have not left society indifferent, creating a sense of terror that has had, as a consequence, effects on European policies adopted and, consequently, on their implementation by the Member States. In short, the result has shown the picture of a clumsy and completely fractionated continent by the quotas imposed under a “feeling of border permeability” that provokes insecurity and questions the idea of sovereignty. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if there is a true relationship between immigration and terrorism, framed in the European context, and to observe which have been the political and legal measures carried out by the European Union (as a body), and more in particular, by Belgium, France, Spain and Germany due to the relevant role they have played within the migratory crisis, while assuming counter terrorist measures. Key words: migration, terrorism, jihadism, securitization, human rights, European Union.
An implicit algorithm for validated enclosures of the solutions to variational equations for ODEs
Creators: name: Walawska, Irmina
name: Wilczak, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65G20, 65L05

description: We propose a new algorithm for computing validated bounds for the solutions to the first order variational equations associated to ODEs. These validated solutions are the kernel of numerics computer-assisted proofs in dynamical systems literature. The method uses a high-order Taylor method as a predictor step and an implicit method based on the Hermite-Obreshkov interpolation as a corrector step. The proposed algorithm is an improvement of the $C^1$-Lohner algorithm proposed by Zgliczyński and it provides sharper bounds. As an application of the algorithm, we give a computer-assisted proof of the existence of an attractor set in the Rössler system, and we show that the attractor contains an invariant and uniformly hyperbolic subset on which the dynamics is chaotic, that is, conjugated to subshift of finite type with positive topological entropy.
description: 33 pages, 11 figures
The right to education: challenges and perspectives on inclusive primary education for children with disabilities in Rwanda
Creators: name: Bots, Ellen
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: children with disabilities
Rwanda
right to education

description: Second semester University: University of Vienna.
description: In 2008 Rwanda has ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), which ensures the right to inclusive education in for children with disabilities in its Article 24. This thesis investigates the gap between the human rights obligation of Rwanda in terms of education for children with disabilities and its practical implementation. Although progress on the policy level as well as the practical implementation of these policies has been made in Rwanda, many challenges remain concerning inclusive education for children with disabilities. From collected field research data on the experiences of children, parents, teachers as well as disability organisations, challenges such as teacher shortages and teacher expertise, negative attitudes towards disability, lack of adequate infrastructure and inaccessible health services were identified. Furthermore, from policy analysis it became clear that policies are lacking conceptual and strategic clarity. In conclusion, this thesis recognises the progress already made by Rwanda towards education for children with disabilities; however the government as well as other stakeholders must continue the process of the progressive realisation of the right to inclusive education for children with disabilities in Rwanda.
Practices of memory in transitional justice : the construction of a collective memory in Tunisia
Creators: name: Taha, Nora
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Tunisia
transitional justice
collective memory

description: Second semester University: University of Carthage
description: Internship report: Al-Kawakibi Transitional Justice center in Tunisia
description: This report sheds light on the critical relationship between transitional justice and memory. I examine how memorization processes within the context of transitional justice are presented as a healing mechanism for victims. I assess how these processes are often politicized, I examined how this politicization may occur in two instances: firstly, when memorization is practiced by the state for the purposes of building a national collective narrative through practices such as commemoration and creation of truth commissions or memory laws; new regimes use these practices to regain its authority in the public sphere and to give a sense of legitimization to their official narratives. Secondly, politicization may occur through the acts of civil society, their memorization turns into revolutionary conduct to oppose the official narrative of the new regime, hence their processes turn into a continuation to refuse and oppose forms of power, or either to demand an acknowledgment in the official institutions. I observe how politicizing these processes; whether by highlighting certain versions or ignoring others, affect the process of constructing a national and collective memory, and how it affect victims and their rights to truth and memory, which risks the idea of being re-victimized again in the process.
Barriers and Solutions to Advance Directive Creation for Adult Oncology Patients: A Literature Review
Creators: name: Jones, Lauren
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: This paper is a literature review of 20 articles to determine barriers to advance directive creation and potential solutions to these barriers for adult oncology patients. Common themes from the literature review are patient-specific barriers, provider-specific barriers, and general communication barriers between patients and providers. Minorities and those with low socioeconomic status are less likely to have completed advance directives. Many patients do not have good understanding of advance directives; the end of life is a taboo topic, resulting in low rates of advance directive completion despite the known benefits of advance care planning. Provider-specific barriers include discomfort about bringing up a sensitive topic or feeling like there is not enough time for end-of-life discussions. Communication barriers occur when providers wait until a late-stage of the disease to initiate a conversation or when they want to stay positive for their patients. Advance care planning should be a routine part of care for oncology patients, and conversations should be initiated early on in the treatment process. Additionally, those at risk for not having an advance directive should be specifically targeted for advance care planning.
1989-EY_Rodin-S_Jaques-Countercurrent Oxygen Exchange in the Swim Bladders of Deep-Sea Fish
Creators: name: Rodin, E
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: Oxygen diffuses from lungs into blood, nutrients diffuse from intestinal tracts into blood and from blood into various cells, and waste products diffuse from cells back into blood.
Archaic laws in modern war : an examination of the failure of international humanitarian law to evolve alongside advances in modern warfare, in relation to the principle of distinction
Creators: name: Hughes, Nicholas
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: technological innovations
warfare
international humanitarian law

description: Second semester University: Tartu University.
description: The law of armed conflict (or international humanitarian law) has evolved throughout history to respond to changes in the means and methods of warfare. However, the last multilateral treaty governing the regulation of hostilities was in 1977. War has evolved dramatically since this point, and the existing law is ill-equipped to deal with it. International humanitarian law must evolve once more to cover these new challenges, and therefore protect civilians in times of conflict. This thesis seeks to highlight the deficiencies in the current law, and propose reforms to bring humanitarian law in line with the realities of modern warfare. This thesis examines how warfare has changed from that imagined by the drafters of the previous conventions, and its impact upon civilians. Next, this thesis examines the development of the law in response to prior developments in the conduct of hostilities, and analyses the reasons why it has failed to respond to these latest developments. Next, the thesis considers the concept of direct participation in hostilities, an emerging concept which may serve as a foundation for future legal reform. An examination of the conflict in eastern Ukraine follows, concluding with the author‟s proposals for a new multilateral humanitarian law treaty.
Poisson Hierarchy of Discrete Strings
Creators: name: Ioannidou, Theodora
name: Niemi, Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Poisson geometry of a discrete string in three dimensional Euclidean space is investigated. For this the Frenet frames are converted into a spinorial representation, the discrete spinor Frenet equa- tion is interpreted in terms of a transfer matrix formalism, and Poisson brackets are introduced in terms of the spinor components. The construction is then generalised, in a self-similar manner, into an infinite hierarchy of Poisson algebras. As an example, the classical Virasoro (Witt) algebra that determines reparametrisation diffeomorphism along a continuous string, is identified as a particular sub-algebra, in the hierarchy of the discrete string Poisson algebra.
MPEC 2024-R105 : 2024 RL3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RL3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Emergence of a new genotype of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Barman, Subrata
name: Turner, Jasmine C.M.
name: Hasan, M Kamrul
name: Akhtar, Sharmin
name: Jeevan, Trushar
name: Franks, John
name: Walker, David
name: Mukherjee, Nabanita
name: Seiler, Patrick
name: Kercher, Lisa
name: McKenzie, Pamela
name: Webster, Robert G
name: Feeroz, Mohammed M
name: Webby, Richard J
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Influenza virological surveillance was conducted in Bangladesh from January to December 2021 in live poultry markets (LPMs) and in Tanguar Haor, a wetland region where domestic ducks have frequent contact with migratory birds. The predominant viruses circulating in LPMs were low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 and clade 2.3.2.1a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses. Additional LPAIs were found in both LPM (H4N6) and Tanguar Haor wetlands (H7N7). Genetic analyses of these LPAIs strongly suggested long-distance movement of viruses along the Central Asian migratory bird flyway. We also detected a novel clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus from ducks in free-range farms in Tanguar Haor that was similar to viruses first detected in October 2020 in The Netherlands but with a different PB2. Identification of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1 viruses in Tanguar Haor provides continued support of the role of migratory birds in transboundary movement of influenza A viruses (IAV), including HPAI viruses. Domestic ducks in free range farm in wetland areas, like Tangua Haor, serve as a conduit for the introduction of LPAI and HPAI viruses into Bangladesh. Clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have dominated in many regions of the world since mid-2021, and it remains to be seen if these viruses will replace the endemic clade 2.3.2.1a H5N1 viruses in Bangladesh.
Deer Hunting at the Gaston Site
Creators: name: Towers, Bryan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The Gaston site is a multi-occupation Native American site in North Carolina. The occupations span a period over 7000 years. This thesis solely focused on the last three occupations during the Late Woodland Period (500CE - European contact). This zooarchaeological research was done to determine white tailed deer hunting practices of these Native occupants. More directly by examining the age, sex, and biometrics of individuals hunted, to reconstruct not only the individual preferences, but also the strategies in which hunting was carried out.
Colletotrichum serranegrense Meir. Silva & M. C. M. Kasuya 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Silva, Meiriele Da
name: Cruz, Everaldo S.
name: Veloso, Tomás G. R.
name: Miranda, Letícia
name: Pereira, Olinto L.
name: Bocayuva, Melissa F.
name: Kasuya, Maria C. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Sordariomycetes
Glomerellales
Glomerellaceae
Colletotrichum
Colletotrichum serranegrense

description: Colletotrichum serranegrense Meir. Silva & M.C.M. Kasuya, sp. nov. (Fig. 2)
 MycoBank: MB820506
 Systematic position: Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreomycetidae, Glomerellales, Glomerellaceae.
 Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Parque Estadual da Serra Negra, from the roots of Cattleya jongheana, 14 November 2015, Miranda, L. (holotype VIC 45136, ex-type living culture COAD 2100).
 Etymology:—Name derived from the Parque Estadual da Serra Negra, the Brazilian locality where the fungus was first found.
 Colonies growing 52–69 mm in 12 d, flat with entire margin, velvety, olivaceous black, with sparse sporulation; reverse black. Endophytic on root of Cattleya jongheana. Sexual morph not observed. Vegetative hyphae, smooth-walled, septate, branched, 2.5–5 μm diam. Setae dark brown, smooth-walled, 3–8-septate, 73–175 μm long, base cylindrical to inflated, 3.5–6 μm diam, tip acute, 2.5–3.5 μm diam. Conidiophores formed directly on hyphae, hyaline to medium brown, septated, single or branched. Conidiogenous cells hyaline to medium brown, cylindrical, clavate, to pyriform, 14–23.5 × 4.5–6.5 μm, opening 1–3 μm diam. Conidia hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, cylindrical, both ends rounded, 24–37 × 7–9 μm. Appressoria solitary or in loose groups, brawn, smooth-walled, irregularly shaped, with an undulate or strongly lobate margin, 11.5–21 × 10–19 μm.
  Additional specimens examined.  — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Parque Estadual da Serra Negra, from the roots of Cattleya jongheana, COAD 2105, 14 November 2015, Miranda, L.: C. serranegrense
description: Published as part of Silva, Meiriele Da, Cruz, Everaldo S., Veloso, Tomás G. R., Miranda, Letícia, Pereira, Olinto L., Bocayuva, Melissa F. & Kasuya, Maria C. M., 2018, Colletorichum serranegrense sp. nov., a new endophytic species from the roots of the endangered Brazilian epiphytic orchid Cattleya jongheana, pp. 163-170 in Phytotaxa 351 (2) on pages 167-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.351.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13707083
A Systematic Analysis of Direct and Indirect Casualties Associated with Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones
Creators: name: Suggs, Jessica Marie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Major tropical cyclones (TCs) often produce tremendous property damage and significant loss of life. As tropical cyclones track inland and dissipate, their impacts can be substantial. This study provides a detailed view of the various factors and the resulting deaths using data from the last 40 years of tropical cyclone history. It documents all reported TC related deaths of 106 tropical cyclones from 1970 to 2011. A database of all-­cause TC deaths associated is created to understand the number of indirect and direct deaths and the spatial distribution of the deaths relative to the shoreline and tropical cyclone track. Various tropical cyclone attributes, including size, strength, and speed of movement are related to the spatial pattern of deaths and their location relative to the cyclone track. Loss of life occurs as far inland as 700 km from the shoreline and as far as 700 km from the center of the track. The spatial distribution of the deaths around a TC vary according to the type of impact that caused the death. Rain-related deaths tend to be equally distributed across the track and well inland from the shoreline, while wind-related deaths remain concentrated close to the track and close to the shoreline.
The vector algebra war: a historical perspective
Creators: name: Chappell, James M.
name: Iqbal, Azhar
name: Hartnett, John G.
name: Abbott, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are a wide variety of different vector formalisms currently utilized in engineering and physics. For example, Gibbs' three-vectors, Minkowski four-vectors, complex spinors in quantum mechanics, quaternions used to describe rigid body rotations and vectors defined in Clifford geometric algebra. With such a range of vector formalisms in use, it thus appears that there is as yet no general agreement on a vector formalism suitable for science as a whole. This is surprising, in that, one of the primary goals of nineteenth century science was to suitably describe vectors in three-dimensional space. This situation has also had the unfortunate consequence of fragmenting knowledge across many disciplines, and requiring a significant amount of time and effort in learning the various formalisms. We thus historically review the development of our various vector systems and conclude that Clifford's multivectors best fulfills the goal of describing vectorial quantities in three dimensions and providing a unified vector system for science.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Novel rotational effects of granular intruders in dense granular systems
Creators: name: Conti, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2020
Subjects: granular
materials
rheology
granular physics
rotation

description: In the present numerical work, it is demonstrated that the ﬂow generated by the rotation of an intruder with a circular cross-section fully immersed within a dry granular system compacted by gravity generates a lift force, in addition to a horizontal force on the intruder. Typically, such horizontal component of force is found to be in the direction opposite to that of friction on its lower surface, counterintuitively antithetic to that of a rotating object (e.g. a wheel) on a frictional surface. For a rotating intruder, this results in motion along the direction of such forces. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the Magnus effect isn’t applicable to granular systems as a rotating circular intruder within a uniform granular ﬂow experiences a negative lift force. These phenomena are shown to be peculiar of granular systems. An extensive parametric study of forces on the intruder and of its motion is carried out, and relationships developed for the following system properties: intruder diameter and length, angular velocity, frictional coefﬁcient, velocity restitution coefﬁcient, as well as properties peculiar to each system. These results shed new light on the peculiar nature of granular systems and they open exciting possibilities in terms of industrial applications, by enabling non-destructive propulsion within ubiquitous granular systems such as cereal grains and chemical powders.
Preschoolers optimize the timing of their conversational turns through flexible coordination of language comprehension and production
Creators: name: Gambi, Chiara
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: Conversation is the natural setting for language learning and use, and a key property of conversation is the smooth taking of turns. In adult conversations, delays between turns are minimal (typically 200ms or less), because listeners display a striking ability to predict what their partner will say, and formulate a response before their partner’s turn ends. Here, we test how this ability to coordinate comprehension and production develops in preschool children. In an interactive paradigm, one-hundred-and-six 3-to-5-year-olds (and forty-eight adults) responded to questions that varied in predictability, but were controlled for linguistic complexity. Using a novel distributional approach to data analysis, we show that when children can predict a question’s ending, they leave shorter gaps before responding, suggesting that they, like adults, can optimize the timing of their conversational turns. In line with a recent ethological theory of turn-taking, this early competency helps explain how conversational contexts support language development.