cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The redshift distribution of cosmological samples: a forward modeling approach
Creators: name: Herbel, Jörg
name: Kacprzak, Tomasz
name: Amara, Adam
name: Refregier, Alexandre
name: Bruderer, Claudio
name: Nicola, Andrina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the redshift distribution $n(z)$ of galaxy samples is essential for several cosmological probes including weak lensing. For imaging surveys, this is usually done using photometric redshifts estimated on an object-by-object basis. We present a new approach for directly measuring the global $n(z)$ of cosmological galaxy samples, including uncertainties, using forward modeling. Our method relies on image simulations produced using UFig (Ultra Fast Image Generator) and on ABC (Approximate Bayesian Computation) within the $MCCL$ (Monte-Carlo Control Loops) framework. The galaxy population is modeled using parametric forms for the luminosity functions, spectral energy distributions, sizes and radial profiles of both blue and red galaxies. We apply exactly the same analysis to the real data and to the simulated images, which also include instrumental and observational effects. By adjusting the parameters of the simulations, we derive a set of acceptable models that are statistically consistent with the data. We then apply the same cuts to the simulations that were used to construct the target galaxy sample in the real data. The redshifts of the galaxies in the resulting simulated samples yield a set of $n(z)$ distributions for the acceptable models. We demonstrate the method by determining $n(z)$ for a cosmic shear like galaxy sample from the 4-band Subaru Suprime-Cam data in the COSMOS field. We also complement this imaging data with a spectroscopic calibration sample from the VVDS survey. We compare our resulting posterior $n(z)$ distributions to the one derived from photometric redshifts estimated using 36 photometric bands in COSMOS and find good agreement. This offers good prospects for applying our approach to current and future large imaging surveys.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures
Pulse sequences for suppressing leakage in single-qubit gate operations
Creators: name: Ghosh, Joydip
name: Coppersmith, S. N.
name: Friesen, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many realizations of solid-state qubits involve couplings to leakage states lying outside the computational subspace, posing a threat to high-fidelity quantum gate operations. Mitigating leakage errors is especially challenging when the coupling strength is unknown, e.g., when it is caused by noise. Here we show that simple pulse sequences can be used to strongly suppress leakage errors for a qubit embedded in a three-level system. As an example, we apply our scheme to the recently proposed charge quadrupole (CQ) qubit for quantum dots. These results provide a solution to a key challenge for fault-tolerant quantum computing with solid-state elements.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Supplemental material attached
Eigenvector spatial filtering for large data sets: fixed and random effects approaches
Creators: name: Murakami, Daisuke
name: Griffith, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Eigenvector spatial filtering (ESF) is a spatial modeling approach, which has been applied in urban and regional studies, ecological studies, and so on. However, it is computationally demanding, and may not be suitable for large data modeling. The objective of this study is developing fast ESF and random effects ESF (RE-ESF), which are capable of handling very large samples. To achieve it, we accelerate eigen-decomposition and parameter estimation, which make ESF and RE-ESF slow. The former is accelerated by utilizing the Nystrom extension, whereas the latter is by small matrix tricks. The resulting fast ESF and fast RE-ESF are compared with non-approximated ESF and RE-ESF in Monte Carlo simulation experiments. The result shows that, while ESF and RE-ESF are slow for several thousand samples, fast ESF and RE-ESF require only several seconds for the samples. They also suggest that the proposed approaches effectively remove positive spatial dependence in the residuals with very small approximation errors when the number of eigenvectors considered is 200 or more. Note that these approaches cannot deal with negative spatial dependence. The proposed approaches are implemented in an R package "spmoran."
Real sets
Creators: name: Janelidze, George
name: Street, Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10, 18D05, 18D20

description: After reviewing a universal characterization of the extended positive real numbers published by Denis Higgs in 1978, we define a category which provides an answer to the questions: \begin{itemize} \item what is a set with half an element? \item what is a set with $π$ elements? \end{itemize} The category of these extended positive real sets is equipped with a countable tensor product. We develop somewhat the theory of categories with countable tensors; we call the commutative such categories {\em series monoidal} and conclude by only briefly mentioning the non-commutative possibility called {\em $ω$-monoidal}. We include some remarks on sets having cardinalities in $[-\infty,\infty]$.
description: This version points out erroneous examples in the published version. The examples are not necessary for the main thrust of the work
Long-Range Transformer Architectures for Document Understanding
Creators: name: Douzon, Thibault
name: Duffner, Stefan
name: Garcia, Christophe
name: Espinas, Jérémy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7
subject: 68T01

description: Since their release, Transformers have revolutionized many fields from Natural Language Understanding to Computer Vision. Document Understanding (DU) was not left behind with first Transformer based models for DU dating from late 2019. However, the computational complexity of the self-attention operation limits their capabilities to small sequences. In this paper we explore multiple strategies to apply Transformer based models to long multi-page documents. We introduce 2 new multi-modal (text + layout) long-range models for DU. They are based on efficient implementations of Transformers for long sequences. Long-range models can process whole documents at once effectively and are less impaired by the document's length. We compare them to LayoutLM, a classical Transformer adapted for DU and pre-trained on millions of documents. We further propose 2D relative attention bias to guide self-attention towards relevant tokens without harming model efficiency. We observe improvements on multi-page business documents on Information Retrieval for a small performance cost on smaller sequences. Relative 2D attention revealed to be effective on dense text for both normal and long-range models.
description: Conference: ICDAR 2023 Workshops on Document Analysis and Recognition
A search for sterile neutrinos with the latest cosmological observations
Creators: name: Feng, Lu
name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the result of a search for sterile neutrinos with the latest cosmological observations. Both cases of massless and massive sterile neutrinos are considered in the $Λ$CDM cosmology. The cosmological observations used in this work include the Planck 2015 temperature and polarization data, the baryon acoustic oscillation data, the Hubble constant direct measurement data, the Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts data, the Planck lensing data, and the cosmic shear data. We find that the current observational data give a hint of the existence of massless sterile neutrino (as dark radiation) at the 1.44$σ$ level, and the consideration of an extra massless sterile neutrino can indeed relieve the tension between observations and improve the cosmological fit. For the case of massive sterile neutrino, the observations give a rather tight upper limit on the mass, which implies that actually a massless sterile neutrino is more favored. Our result is consistent with the recent result of neutrino oscillation experiment done by the Daya Bay and MINOS collaborations, as well as the recent result of cosmic ray experiment done by the IceCube collaboration.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. C
NEW CHALLENGES FOR XXI CENTURY CITIES Global warming, ageing of population, reduction of energy consumption, immigration flows, optimization of land use, technological innovation 2
Creators: name: Papa, Rocco
Publisher: name: TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
Year: 2024

description: TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, Vol 17 No 2 (2024): NEW CHALLENGES FOR XXI CENTURY CITIES Global warming, ageing of population, reduction of energy consumption, immigration flows, optimization of land use, technological innovation
Evaluating Uncertainties in CFD Simulations of Patient-Specific Aorta Models using Grid Convergence Index Method
Creators: name: Aycan, Osman
name: Topuz, Adnan
name: Kadem, Lyes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most important causes of global mortality. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a powerful research tool that analyzes the hemodynamics of artery and blood flow patterns. In this study, CFD simulations are performed to assess the patient-specific healthy aorta, fusiform, and saccular aneurysm with various mesh types, including tetrahedral, polyhedral, and poly-hexacore. The aim of this study is to explore how different mesh types and grid densities impact the hemodynamic properties of physiological flows, with the goal of identifying the most cost-effective meshing approach. A mesh independence study is carried out to ensure the precision of the results, considering the wall shear stress distribution. For this, five different mesh resolutions are generated for each geometry. The uncertainties of the simulations associated with the discretization techniques and solutions are evaluated using the Grid Convergence Index (GCI) method. The findings showed that increasing the mesh density provides smaller uncertainty. GCI values for the wall shear stress are in the range of convergence, indicating that the results are reliable and accurate. Mesh type selection affects the accuracy and computational cost of our simulations. The polyhedral and poly-hexacore meshes lead to a good compromise between precision and computational cost, while the tetrahedral mesh style gives the most precise results with fluctuation. This work provides a systematic approach based on the Grid Convergence Index method in order to select the most appropriate mesh type for evaluating uncertainties in CFD simulations of patient-specific healthy aortas and aortas with abdominal aneurysms. According to the findings and GCI analysis, the polyhedral mesh type was chosen for all patient-specific aorta models. The study clearly demonstrated its superiority over other mesh types, ...
description: Research paper
Fermions in Two Dimensions: Scattering and Many-Body Properties
Creators: name: Galea, Alexander
name: Zielinski, Tash
name: Gandolfi, Stefano
name: Gezerlis, Alexandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracold atomic Fermi gases in two-dimensions (2D) are an increasingly popular topic of research. The interaction strength between spin-up and spin-down particles in two-component Fermi gases can be tuned in experiments, allowing for a strongly interacting regime where the gas properties are yet to be fully understood. We have probed this regime for 2D Fermi gases by performing T=0 ab initio diffusion Monte Carlo calculations. The many-body dynamics are largely dependent on the two-body interactions, therefore we start with an in-depth look at scattering theory in 2D. We show the partial-wave expansion and its relation to the scattering length and effective range. Then we discuss our numerical methods for determining these scattering parameters. We close out this discussion by illustrating the details of bound states in 2D. Transitioning to the many-body system, we use variationally optimized wave functions to calculate ground-state properties of the gas over a range of interaction strengths. We show results for the energy per particle and parametrize an equation of state. We then proceed to determine the chemical potential for the strongly interacting gas.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; v2 corresponds to published version
Multi-modal therapy for traumatic brain injuries
Creators: name: Perez, Isabel
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and is often divided into two stages, primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is the immediate result of blunt force trauma, and it cannot be treated. Secondary injury is a degenerative cascade of events that varies in severity and can last anywhere from a few days to months. Tissue and cellular degeneration induced by secondary injury is caused by a combination of free radical formation, excitotoxicity, ischemia, hypoxia, and neuroinflammation. Treatment of TBI includes stabilizing the patient and easing the associated symptoms, with a focus on mitigating the neuroinflammatory response. There are a wide range of treatments available which can address the inflammatory response, such as dexamethasone (dex), a corticosteroid. However, while the symptoms of TBI can be managed, the damage induced by secondary injury can cause life-long complications. Unfortunately, there are no commercially available therapeutics which can promote neuroprotection and enable complete functional restoration, especially in severe cases. A promising method for addressing TBI induced neurodegeneration is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is critical for neuronal maturation and function. It has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), however, it ultimately failed due to its instability. We address this limitation in this dissertation by developing a novel BDNF delivery formulation comprised of alginate encapsulation of BDNF loaded PLGA NPs. This formulation will allow for the protection and controlled release of BDNF as well as enable for localization to a region of treatment. Our formulation can deliver BDNF for at least 28 days and was shown to be bioactive in an in vitro neuronal injury model.In addition, we also investigated a novel in vitro model of TBI comprised of oxidatively stressed neurons and activated astrocytes, given our central hypothesis that neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration need to be addressed concomitantly to improve therapeutic efficacy. This system mimics multiple aspects of TBI, such as oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We used this system to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a BDNF/dex co-treatment. Our results support not only the need for a multi-modal approach for enhanced therapeutic efficacy, but a screening model must include multiple cell types, considering the complexity of TBI.
Counting the number of master integrals for sunrise-type Feynman diagrams via Mellin-Barnes representation
Creators: name: Kalmykov, Mikhail Yu.
name: Kniehl, Bernd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A number of irreducible master integrals for L-loop sunrise-type and bubble Feynman diagrams with generic values of masses and external momenta are explicitly evaluated via Mellin-Barnes representation.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures, ver2. some typos corrected and a few references added; ver3.has some relatively minor corrections; accepted for publication in JHEP
Surface Counterterms and Regularized Holographic Complexity
Creators: name: Yang, Run-Qiu
name: Niu, Chao
name: Kim, Keun-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The holographic complexity is UV divergent. As a finite complexity, we propose a "regularized complexity" by employing a similar method to the holographic renormalization. We add codimension-two boundary counterterms which do not contain any boundary stress tensor information. It means that we subtract only non-dynamic background and all the dynamic information of holographic complexity is contained in the regularized part. After showing the general counterterms for both CA and CV conjectures in holographic spacetime dimension 5 and less, we give concrete examples: the BTZ black holes and the four and five dimensional Schwarzschild AdS black holes. We propose how to obtain the counterterms in higher spacetime dimensions and show explicit formulas only for some special cases with enough symmetries. We also compute the complexity of formation by using the regularized complexity.
description: Published version with some small improvements
Analyzing the Largest Spectroscopic Dataset of Hydrogen-Poor Super-Luminous Supernovae
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Qian
name: Modjaz, Maryam
name: Bianco, Federica B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe) are tremendously luminous explosions whose power sources and progenitors are highly debated. Broad-lined SNe Ic (SNe Ic-bl) are the only type of SNe that are connected with long-duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs). Studying the spectral similarity and difference between the populations of hydrogen-poor SLSNe (SLSNe Ic) and of hydrogen-poor stripped-envelope core-collapse SNe, in particular SNe Ic and SNe Ic-bl, can provide crucial observations to test predictions of theories based on various power source models and progenitor models. In this paper, we collected all of the published optical spectra of 32 SLSNe Ic, 21 SNe Ic-bl, as well as 17 SNe Ic, quantified their spectral features, constructed average spectra, and compared them in a systematic way using new tools we have developed. We find that SLSNe Ic and SNe Ic-bl, including those connected with GRBs, have comparable widths for their spectral features and average absorption velocities at all phases. Thus, our findings strengthen the connection between SLSNe Ic and GRBs. In particular, SLSNe Ic have average \FeII absorption velocities of $-15,000 +/- 2,600$ \kms~at 10 days after peak, which are higher than those of SNe Ic by $\sim7,000$ \kms~on average. SLSNe Ic also have significantly broader \FeII lines than SNe Ic. Moreover, we find that such high absorption and width velocities of SLSNe Ic may be hard to explain by the interaction model, and none of 13 SLSNe Ic with measured absorption velocities spanning over 10 days has a convincing flat velocity-evolution, which is inconsistent with the magnetar model in one dimension. Lastly, we compare SN 2011kl, the first SN connected with an ultra-long GRB, with the mean spectrum of SLSNe Ic and of SNe Ic-bl.
description: Released all code and data products on our github pages (https://github.com/nyusngroup/SESNspectraLib and https://github.com/nyusngroup/SESNtemple). Accepted by ApJ. 15 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. No major changes, but more references & discussion
Radiation Pressure Driven Ion Weibel Instability and Collisionless Shocks
Creators: name: Grassi, Anna
name: Grech, Mickael
name: Amiranoff, Francois
name: Macchi, Andrea
name: Riconda, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Weibel instability from counterstreaming plasma flows is a basic process highly relevant for collisionless shock formation in astrophysics. In this Letter we investigate, via two- and three- dimensional simulations, suitable configurations for laboratory investigations of the ion Weibel instability (IWI) driven by a fast quasi-neutral plasma flow launched into the target via the radiation pressure of an ultra-high-intensity (UHI) laser pulse ('Hole-Boring' process). The use of S-polarized light at oblique incidence is found to be an optimal configuration for driving IWI, as it prevents the development of surface rippling observed at normal incidence, that would lead to strong electron heating and favors competing instabilities. Conditions for the evolution of IWI into a collisionless shock are also investigated.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Skyrmion Gas Manipulation for Probabilistic Computing
Creators: name: Pinna, Daniele
name: Araujo, Flavio Abreu
name: Kim, Joo-Von
name: Cros, Vincent
name: Querlioz, Damien
name: Bessiere, Perre
name: Droulez, Jacques
name: Grollier, Julie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topologically protected magnetic spin configurations known as skyrmions offer promising applications due to their stability, mobility and localization. In this work, we emphasize how to leverage the thermally driven dynamics of an ensemble of such particles to perform computing tasks. We propose a device employing a skyrmion gas to reshuffle a random signal into an uncorrelated copy of itself. This is demonstrated by modelling the ensemble dynamics in a collective coordinate approach where skyrmion-skyrmion and skyrmion-boundary interactions are accounted for phenomenologically. Our numerical results are used to develop a proof-of-concept for an energy efficient ($\simμ\mathrm{W}$) device with a low area imprint ($\simμ\mathrm{m}^2$). Whereas its immediate application to stochastic computing circuit designs will be made apparent, we argue that its basic functionality, reminiscent of an integrate-and-fire neuron, qualifies it as a novel bio-inspired building block.
description: 41 pages, 20 figures
Asynchronous Incremental Stochastic Dual Descent Algorithm for Network Resource Allocation
Creators: name: Bedi, Amrit S.
name: Rajawat, Ketan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Stochastic network optimization problems entail finding resource allocation policies that are optimum on an average but must be designed in an online fashion. Such problems are ubiquitous in communication networks, where resources such as energy and bandwidth are divided among nodes to satisfy certain long-term objectives. This paper proposes an asynchronous incremental dual decent resource allocation algorithm that utilizes delayed stochastic {gradients} for carrying out its updates. The proposed algorithm is well-suited to heterogeneous networks as it allows the computationally-challenged or energy-starved nodes to, at times, postpone the updates. The asymptotic analysis of the proposed algorithm is carried out, establishing dual convergence under both, constant and diminishing step sizes. It is also shown that with constant step size, the proposed resource allocation policy is asymptotically near-optimal. An application involving multi-cell coordinated beamforming is detailed, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.
One-sided Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Creators: name: Cao, Wen-Fei
name: Zhen, Yi-Zheng
name: Zheng, Yu-Lin
name: Li, Li
name: Chen, Zeng-Bing
name: Liu, Nai-Le
name: Chen, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol was proposed to remove all the detector side channel attacks, while its security relies on the trusted encoding systems. Here we propose a one-sided MDI-QKD (1SMDI-QKD) protocol, which enjoys detection loophole-free advantage, and at the same time weakens the state preparation assumption in MDI-QKD. The 1SMDI-QKD can be regarded as a modified MDI-QKD, in which Bob's encoding system is trusted, while Alice's is uncharacterized. For the practical implementation, we also provide a scheme by utilizing coherent light source with an analytical two decoy state estimation method. Simulation with realistic experimental parameters shows that the protocol has a promising performance, and thus can be applied to practical QKD applications.
Presentation: Instrument of Performance Assessment of State Higher Education Employees Public Service Agency Based on Strategic Plans and Competitive Advantage
Creators: name: Sriyono
name: Afni Sirait
name: Asep Saepudin
name: Sutoyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This material has presented on 1st International Conference on Advance Research in Social and Economic Science. October 25, 2022
The Merged Potts-Clock Model: Algebraic and Conventional Multistructured Multicritical Orderings in Two and Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Artun, E. Can
name: Berker, A. Nihat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spin system is studied, with simultaneous permutation-symmetric Potts and spin-rotation-symmetric clock interactions, in spatial dimensions d=2 and 3. The global phase diagram is calculated from the renormalizaton-group solution with the recently improved (spontaneous first-order detecting) Migdal-Kadanoff approximation or, equivalently, with hierarchical lattices with the inclusion of effective vacancies. Five different ordered phases are found: conventionally ordered ferromagnetic, quadrupolar, antiferromagnetic phases and algebraically ordered antiferromagnetic, antiquadrupolar phases. These five different ordered phases and the disordered phase are mutually bounded by first- and second-order phase transitions, themselves delimited by multicritical points: inverted bicritical, zero-temperature bicritical, tricritical, second-order bifurcation, and zero-temperature highly degenerate multicritical points. One rich phase diagram topology exhibits all of these phenomena.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Dynamics of hard rods with initial domain wall state
Creators: name: Doyon, Benjamin
name: Spohn, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by recent results on the non-equilibrium dynamics of many-body quantum systems, we study the classical hard rod problem in one dimension with initial domain wall condition. Hard rods are an integrable system, in the sense that for each velocity the density of particles is locally conserved. It was proven by Boldrighini, Dobrushin and Sukhov (1983) that on the hydrodynamic space-time scale, the fluid of hard rods satisfies Euler-type equations which comprise all conservation laws. We provide the general solution to these equations on the line, with an initial condition where the left and right halves are, asymptotically, in different states. The solution is interpreted as being composed of a continuum of contact discontinuities, one for each velocity. This is a classical counterpart of the transport problem solved recently in quantum integrable systems. We provide two independent derivations, one paralleling that in the quantum case, the other using explicitly the microscopic dynamics. Finally, we discuss the Navier-Stokes (viscous) corrections, and study its effect on the broadening of the contact discontinuity and on entropy production.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures. v2: minor adjustments made and typos corrected
Introduction to the special issue dedicated to Michael J. Duff FRS on the occasion of his 70th birthday
Creators: name: Borsten, L.
name: Marrani, A.
name: Pope, C. N.
name: Stelle, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This special feature, dedicated to Michael J. Duff FRS on the occasion of his 70th birthday, concerns topics in 'Quantum gravity, branes and M-theory'. These three intertwining subjects have been central to Duff's work; indeed many of his contributions have come to define significant aspects of what we actually mean by these terms. From the discovery of Weyl anomalies to recognising superstrings in 10 dimensions as a special case of membranes in an 11-dimensional M-theory, Duff's insights have shaped major developments across these themes. So it is an apposite setting for such a celebration and we are delighted to be able to include in this collection contributions from many of the pioneers of quantum gravity, branes and M-theory. The breadth of these topics has placed little constraint on the multiplicity of ideas appearing in these pages, from astrophysical black holes to chaotic condensed matter. Again, this is fitting as Duff's scientific remit spans a remarkable diversity of motifs, from the fundamentals of M-theory to entanglement in quantum information.
description: Introduction to the Proceedings of the Royal Society A special feature "Quantum gravity, branes and M-theory", located at https://royalsocietypublishing.org/topic/special-collections/duff-quantum-gravity, dedicated to Michael J. Duff FRS on the occasion of his 70th birthday. 10 pages, 1 figure
Sustaining Land Productivity in Developing Countries: Seminar Presentations
Creators: name: Cooperation, Office Of International
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: International Development
Land Economics/Use
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Seminar presentations: Renewable Natural Resources--What Is There to Manage? (Richard W. Arnold) Issues of Concern in Land Use in Developing Countries (Sylvan Wittwer); The State of Technological Solutions Available for Effective Management of Soil and Water Resources (Leo M. Walsh); Rapid Appraisal Techniques for Sustainable Development (Gordon R. Conway).
description: Sponsored by United States Agency for International Development Bureau of Science and Technology and United States Department of Agriculture, Office of International Cooperation and Development and held in Washington, DC, November 20, 1987. Costs of this seminar and publication of these papers were funded by the Agency for International Development, Bureau for Science and Technology, Office of Agriculture, through the Agricultural Production Program, which is managed jointly by A.I.D. and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of International Cooperation and Development (USDA RSSA BST-4109-R-AG-1085).
Characterization and formation of NV centers in 3C, 4H and 6H SiC: an \emph{ab initio} study
Creators: name: Csóré, A.
name: von Bardeleben, H. J.
name: Cantin, J. L.
name: Gali, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluorescent paramagnetic defects in solids have become attractive systems for quantum information processing in the recent years. One of the leading contenders is the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond with visible emission but alternative solution in technologically mature host is an immediate quest for many applications in this field. It has been recently found that various polytypes of silicon carbide (SiC), that are standard semiconductors with wafer scale technology, can host nitrogen-vacancy defect (NV) that could be an alternative qubit candidate with emission in the near infrared region. However, it is much less known about this defect than its counterpart in diamond. The inequivalent sites within a polytype and the polytype variations offer a family of NV defects. However, there is an insufficient knowledge on the magneto-optical properties of these configurations. Here we carry out density functional theory calculations, in order to characterize the numerous forms of NV defects in the most common polytypes of SiC including 3C, 4H and 6H, and we also provide new experimental data in 4H SiC. Our calculations mediate the identification of individual NV qubits in SiC polytypes. In addition, we discuss the formation of NV defects in SiC with providing detailed ionization energies of NV defect in SiC which reveals the critical optical excitation energies for ionizing this qubits in SiC. Our calculations unravel the challenges to produce NV defects in SiC with a desirable spin bath.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Probability Densities of the effective neutrino masses $m_{β}$ and $m_{ββ}$
Creators: name: Di Iura, Andrea
name: Meloni, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the probability densities of the effective neutrino masses $m_{β}$ and $m_{ββ}$ using the Kernel Density Estimate (KDE) approach applied to a distribution of points in the $(m_{\min}, m_{ββ})$ and $(m_{β}, m_{ββ})$ planes, obtained using the available Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) of the neutrino mixing and mass differences, with the additional constraints coming from cosmological data on the sum of the neutrino masses. We show that the reconstructed probability densities strongly depend on the assumed set of cosmological data: for $\sum_j m_j \leq 0.68\ @\ 95\% \ \mathrm{CL}$ a sensitive portion of the allowed values are already excluded by null results of experiments searching for $m_{ββ}$ and $m_{β}$, whereas in the case $\sum_j m_j \leq 0.23\ @\ 95\% \ \mathrm{CL}$ the bulk of the probability densities are below the current bounds.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Improved discussion and references added, typos corrected, matches published version in NPB
A Riemann-Hilbert approach to rotating attractors
Creators: name: Camara, M. C.
name: Cardoso, G. L.
name: Mohaupt, T.
name: Nampuri, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct rotating extremal black hole and attractor solutions in gravity theories by solving a Riemann-Hilbert problem associated with the Breitenlohner-Maison linear system. By employing a vectorial Riemann-Hilbert factorization method we explicitly factorize the corresponding monodromy matrices, which have second order poles in the spectral parameter. In the underrotating case we identify elements of the Geroch group which implement Harrison-type transformations which map the attractor geometries to interpolating rotating black hole solutions. The factorization method we use yields an explicit solution to the linear system, from which we do not only obtain the spacetime solution, but also an explicit expression for the master potential encoding the potentials of the infinitely many conserved currents which make this sector of gravity integrable.
description: Minor changes, final version, accepted by JHEP. 75 pages, 2 figures
The reconstruction of tachyon inflationary potentials
Creators: name: Fei, Qin
name: Gong, Yungui
name: Lin, Jiong
name: Yi, Zhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a lower bound on the field excursion for the tachyon inflation, which is determined by the amplitude of the scalar perturbation and the number of $e$-folds before the end of inflation. Using the relation between the observables like $n_s$ and $r$ with the slow-roll parameters, we reconstruct three classes of tachyon potentials. The model parameters are determined from the observations before the potentials are reconstructed, and the observations prefer the concave potential. We also discuss the constraints from the reheating phase preceding the radiation domination for the three classes of models by assuming the equation of state parameter $w_{re}$ during reheating is a constant. Depending on the model parameters and the value of $w_{re}$, the constraints on $N_{re}$ and $T_{re}$ are different. As $n_s$ increases, the allowed reheating epoch becomes longer for $w_{re}=-1/3$, 0 and $1/6$ while the allowed reheating epoch becomes shorter for $w_{re}=2/3$.
description: 25 pages, major revision and conclusion unchanged, add discussion on attractor, jcap in press
Experimental constraint on quark electric dipole moments
Creators: name: Liu, Tianbo
name: Zhao, Zhiwen
name: Gao, Haiyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electric dipole moments (EDMs) of nucleons are sensitive probes of additional $\cal CP$ violation sources beyond the standard model to account for the baryon number asymmetry of the universe. As a fundamental quantity of the nucleon structure, tensor charge is also a bridge that relates nucleon EDMs to quark EDMs. With a combination of nucleon EDM measurements and tensor charge extractions, we investigate the experimental constraint on quark EDMs, and its sensitivity to $\cal CP$ violation sources from new physics beyond the electroweak scale. We obtain the current limits on quark EDMs as $1.27\times10^{-24}\,e\cdot{\rm cm}$ for the up quark and $1.17\times10^{-24}\,e\cdot{\rm cm}$ for the down quark at the scale of $4\,\rm GeV^2$. We also study the impact of future nucleon EDM and tensor charge measurements, and show that upcoming new experiments will improve the constraint on quark EDMs by about three orders of magnitude leading to a much more sensitive probe of new physics models.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Supplementary document for Diode-pumped visible lasing in femtosecond-laser-written Pr:LiLuF₄ waveguide - 6288917.pdf
Creators: name: Baiocco, Davide
name: Lopez-Quintas, Ignacio
name: de Aldana, Javier Vazquez
name: Tonelli, Mauro
name: Tredicucci, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary experimental documentation
Exponentially growing bubbles around early super massive black holes
Creators: name: Gilli, R.
name: Calura, F.
name: D'Ercole, A.
name: Norman, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We addressed the so far unexplored issue of outflows induced by exponentially growing power sources, focusing on early supermassive black holes (BHs). We assumed that these objects grow to $10^9\;M_{\odot}$ by z=6 by Eddington-limited accretion and convert 5% of their bolometric output into a wind. We first considered the case of energy-driven and momentum-driven outflows expanding in a region where the gas and total mass densities are uniform and equal to the average values in the Universe at $z>6$. We derived analytic solutions for the evolution of the outflow, finding that, for an exponentially growing power with e-folding time $t_{Sal}$, the late time expansion of the outflow radius is also exponential, with e-folding time of $5t_{Sal}$ and $4t_{Sal}$ in the energy-driven and momentum-driven limit, respectively. We then considered energy-driven outflows produced by QSOs at the center of early dark matter halos of different masses and powered by BHs growing from different seeds. We followed the evolution of the source power and of the gas and dark matter density profiles in the halos from the beginning of the accretion until $z=6$. The final bubble radius and velocity do not depend on the seed BH mass but are instead smaller for larger halo masses. At z=6, bubble radii in the range 50-180 kpc and velocities in the range 400-1000 km s$^{-1}$ are expected for QSOs hosted by halos in the mass range $3\times10^{11}-10^{13}\;M_{\odot}$. By the time the QSO is observed, we found that the total thermal energy injected within the bubble in the case of an energy-driven outflow is $E_{th}\sim5 \times 10^{60}$ erg. This is in excellent agreement with the value of $E_{th}=(6.2\pm 1.7)\times 10^{60}$ erg measured through the detection of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect around a large population of luminous QSOs at lower redshift. [abridged]
description: 17 pages and 14 figures. Typos corrected. It matches the version published in A&A
Adaptive quadrature by expansion for layer potential evaluation in two dimensions
Creators: name: Klinteberg, Ludvig af
name: Tornberg, Anna-Karin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: When solving partial differential equations using boundary integral equation methods, accurate evaluation of singular and nearly singular integrals in layer potentials is crucial. A recent scheme for this is quadrature by expansion (QBX), which solves the problem by locally approximating the potential using a local expansion centered at some distance from the source boundary. In this paper we introduce an extension of the QBX scheme in 2D denoted AQBX - adaptive quadrature by expansion - which combines QBX with an algorithm for automated selection of parameters, based on a target error tolerance. A key component in this algorithm is the ability to accurately estimate the numerical errors in the coefficients of the expansion. Combining previous results for flat panels with a procedure for taking the panel shape into account, we derive such error estimates for arbitrarily shaped boundaries in 2D that are discretized using panel-based Gauss-Legendre quadrature. Applying our scheme to numerical solutions of Dirichlet problems for the Laplace and Helmholtz equations, and also for solving these equations, we find that the scheme is able to satisfy a given target tolerance to within an order of magnitude, making it useful for practical applications. This represents a significant simplification over the original QBX algorithm, in which choosing a good set of parameters can be hard.
Cooling of chiral heat transport in the quantum Hall effect graphene
Creators: name: Slizovskiy, Sergey
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the quantum Hall effect (QHE) regime, heat is carried by electrons in the edge states of Landau levels. Here, we study cooling of hot electrons propagating along the edge of graphene at the filling factor $ν=\pm2$, mediated by acoustic phonons. We determine the temperature profile extended from a hot spot, where the Hall current is injected into graphene from a metallic contact, taking into account specifics of boundary conditions for lattice displacements in graphene in a van der Waals heterostructure with an insulating substrate. Our calculations, performed using generic boundary conditions for Dirac electrons, show that emission of phonons can explain a short cooling length observed in graphene-based QHE devices by Nahm, Hwang and Lee [PRL 110, 226801 (2013)].
description: 4+2 pages, accepted to Phys.Rev.B
A note on the description of plane gravitational waves in Fermi coordinates
Creators: name: Ruggiero, Matteo Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the formalism of Fermi coordinates to describe the interaction of a plane gravitational wave in the proper detector frame. In doing so, we emphasize that in this frame the action of the gravitational wave can be explained in terms of a gravitoelectromagnetic analogy. In particular, up to linear displacements from the reference world-line, the effects of the wave on test masses can be described in terms of a Lorentz-like force equation. In this framework we focus on the effects on time measurements provoked by the passage of the wave, and evaluate their order of magnitude. Eventually, we calculate the expression of the local spacetime metric in cylindrical coordinates adapted to the symmetries of the gravitational field and show its relevance in connection with the helicity-rotation coupling.
description: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2204.08914
Topological strings linking with quasi-particle exchange in superconducting Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Lopes, Pedro L. S.
name: Teo, Jeffrey C. Y.
name: Ryu, Shinsei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a topological classification of vortices in three dimensional time-reversal invariant topological superconductors based on superconducting Dirac semimetals with an s-wave superconducting order parameter by means of a pair of numbers $(N_Φ,N)$, accounting how many units $N_Φ$ of magnetic fluxes $hc/4e$ and how many $N$ chiral Majorana modes the vortex carries. From these quantities, we introduce a topological invariant which further classifies the properties of such vortices under linking processes. While such processes are known to be related to instanton processes in a field theoretic description, we demonstrate here that they are, in fact, also equivalent to the fractional Josephson effect on junctions based at the edges of quantum spin Hall systems. This allows one to consider microscopically the effects of interactions in the linking problem. We therefore demonstrate that associated to links between vortices, one has the exchange of quasi-particles, either Majorana zero-modes or $e/2$ quasi-particles, which allows for a topological classification of vortices in these systems, seen to be $\mathbb{Z}_8$ classified. While $N_Φ$ and $N$ are shown to be both even or odd in the weakly-interacting limit, in the strongly interacting scenario one loosens this constraint. In this case, one may have further fractionalization possibilities for the vortices, whose excitations are described by $SO(3)_3$-like conformal field theories with quasi-particle exchanges of more exotic types.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures
British Gallup Poll CQ 599
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan performance (1); Margaret Thatcher performance (1); Daniel Steel performance (1); party support (1); last general election (2); urgent problems (2); best party to handle problems (1); next general election (2); government's price & income policy (9); pay raises various professions (11); striking stopped various professions (11); government-Liberal agreement (7); Liberal party (3); worker's compensation (4); chocolate (3); Confederation of British Industries (3); oil companies (2); Esso (21); department stores (313); germs & cleaning (138).