cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of NAFTA on Mexico's Income Distribution in the Presence of Migration
Creators: name: Garduno-Rivera, Rafael
name: Garduno-Rivera, Rafael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Income Distribution
subject: Regional Disparities
subject: Trade Liberalization
subject: Internal-Migration

description: This paper asks how NAFTA affected income distribution within Mexico considering changes in internal migration. Trade liberalization should theoretically increase the income of low-skilled workers in low-skilled labor-abundant developing countries. Thus, by increasing the wages of poorer workers, one might expect that trade will decrease income disparity. However, anecdotal evidence indicates that NAFTA increased the gap between rich and poor in Mexico. Understanding the distributional effects of NAFTA on regional income is particularly important in countries with high levels of geographic inequality, such as Mexico. Because trade may affect wages differently across regions within the country, accurate trade welfare measures must incorporate intra-national migration. Using household level data before and after NAFTA, I find geographic, gender and educational inequalities in the distribution of Mexican income post NAFTA.
Understanding Aesthetic Evaluation using Deep Learning
Creators: name: McCormack, Jon
name: Lomas, Andy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10; J.5

description: A bottleneck in any evolutionary art system is aesthetic evaluation. Many different methods have been proposed to automate the evaluation of aesthetics, including measures of symmetry, coherence, complexity, contrast and grouping. The interactive genetic algorithm (IGA) relies on human-in-the-loop, subjective evaluation of aesthetics, but limits possibilities for large search due to user fatigue and small population sizes. In this paper we look at how recent advances in deep learning can assist in automating personal aesthetic judgement. Using a leading artist's computer art dataset, we use dimensionality reduction methods to visualise both genotype and phenotype space in order to support the exploration of new territory in any generative system. Convolutional Neural Networks trained on the user's prior aesthetic evaluations are used to suggest new possibilities similar or between known high quality genotype-phenotype mappings.
description: Presented at EvoMUSART 2020 Conference
Causal machine learning for predicting treatment outcomes
Creators: name: Feuerriegel, Stefan
name: Frauen, Dennis
name: Melnychuk, Valentyn
name: Schweisthal, Jonas
name: Hess, Konstantin
name: Curth, Alicia
name: Bauer, Stefan
name: Kilbertus, Niki
name: Kohane, Isaac S.
name: van der Schaar, Mihaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Causal machine learning (ML) offers flexible, data-driven methods for predicting treatment outcomes including efficacy and toxicity, thereby supporting the assessment and safety of drugs. A key benefit of causal ML is that it allows for estimating individualized treatment effects, so that clinical decision-making can be personalized to individual patient profiles. Causal ML can be used in combination with both clinical trial data and real-world data, such as clinical registries and electronic health records, but caution is needed to avoid biased or incorrect predictions. In this Perspective, we discuss the benefits of causal ML (relative to traditional statistical or ML approaches) and outline the key components and steps. Finally, we provide recommendations for the reliable use of causal ML and effective translation into the clinic.
description: Accepted version; not Version of Record
Compactifications on twisted tori with fluxes and free differential algebras
Creators: name: Dall'Agata, Gianguido
name: D'Auria, Riccardo
name: Ferrara, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe free differential algebras for non-abelian one and two form gauge potentials in four dimensions deriving the integrability conditions for the corresponding curvatures. We show that a realization of these algebras occurs in M-theory compactifications on twisted tori with constant four-form flux, due to the presence of antisymmetric tensor fields in the reduced theory.
description: Latex, 9 pages. v2: section 5 expanded, typos corrected
Cyclic loading response of Fraser River sand for validation of numerical models simulating centrifuge tests
Creators: name: Sriskandakumar, Somasundaram
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Cyclic loading response of Fraser River sand was investigated using the U B C direct simple shear (DSS) device as input to numerical simulation o f centrifuge physical models. A simple air-pluviation method was developed to reconstitute laboratory sand samples replicating the soil fabric anticipated in centrifuge specimens. Constant-volume (undrained) tests were conducted with and without initial static shear stress condition at loose and dense density states. While the observed trends in mechanical response were similar, the loose air-pluviated samples were more susceptible to liquefaction under cyclic loading than their water-pluviated counterparts. The differences arising from the two sample re-constitution methods can be attributed to the differences in particle structure, clearly highlighting the importance of fabric effects in the assessment of the mechanical response of sands. Densification due to increasing confining stress (stress densification) significantly increased the cyclic resistance of loose air-pluviated sand with strong implications in relation to the interpretation of observations from centrifuge testing. This effect, however, was not prominent in the case of water-pluviated or dense samples. The initial static shear stresses reduce the cyclic shear resistance of loose air-pluviated sand in simple shear loading, in contrast to the increase in resistance reported based on data from triaxial testing. Dense sands indicated a increase in cyclic resistance in the presence of initial static shear stress. Previous cyclic loadings generating high excess pore water pressures (or significant shear strains) reduced the liquefaction resistance of sand against future cyclic loading, while cyclic loading generating small excess pore water pressures (or small shear strains) increased the liquefaction resistance of sand. However, densification due to post-cyclic consolidation, sometimes, contributed to increasing the liquefaction resistance by compensating for the weakening in the liquefaction resistance due to the large pre-shearing. The volumetric strains accumulated during drained cyclic loading were independent of the time rate of shear strain, and they increased with increasing shear strain amplitude and the number of cycles. The proportionality of shear-induced volumetric strain to the cyclic shear-strain amplitude, based on drained cyclic shear tests with small shear strain amplitudes, was not observable when the material is subjected to relatively large amplitudes of cyclic strain. A three-parameter shear-volume coupling model was developed for cyclic loadings associated with large strains.
Controlling Synthesis of Nanostructured Silver Aggregates by Light
Creators: name: Brummer, J.
name: Langlois, R.
name: Loth, M.
name: Popov, A. K.
name: Schmitz, R.
name: Taft, G.
name: Tanke, R.
name: Wruck, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibilities for control over the size and properties of silver nanoaggregates with incoherent and laser light are investigated. The applications in nanoengineering and for giant enhancement of optical processes at nanoscale are discussed.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
HpEIS: Learning Hand Pose Embeddings for Multimedia Interactive Systems
Creators: name: Xu, Songpei
name: Ge, Xuri
name: Kaul, Chaitanya
name: Murray-Smith, Roderick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel Hand-pose Embedding Interactive System (HpEIS) as a virtual sensor, which maps users' flexible hand poses to a two-dimensional visual space using a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) trained on a variety of hand poses. HpEIS enables visually interpretable and guidable support for user explorations in multimedia collections, using only a camera as an external hand pose acquisition device. We identify general usability issues associated with system stability and smoothing requirements through pilot experiments with expert and inexperienced users. We then design stability and smoothing improvements, including hand-pose data augmentation, an anti-jitter regularisation term added to loss function, stabilising post-processing for movement turning points and smoothing post-processing based on One Euro Filters. In target selection experiments (n=12), we evaluate HpEIS by measures of task completion time and the final distance to target points, with and without the gesture guidance window condition. Experimental responses indicate that HpEIS provides users with a learnable, flexible, stable and smooth mid-air hand movement interaction experience.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Conflict, Aid and Poverty: Cause, Effect and Prediction
Creators: name: Kibriya, Shahriar R.
name: Bessler, David A.
name: Price, Edwin
name: Sen Gupta, Rajorshi
name: Kibriya, Shahriar R.
name: Bessler, David A.
name: Price, Edwin
name: Sen Gupta, Rajorshi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
International Relations/Trade

description: Recent studies and reports suggest that foreign aid/intervention has been somewhat futile in eradicating conflict. In this study, we develop a simultaneous donor/recipient model of foreign aid and terrorism. Thereafter, we extend our theoretical propositions through a machine learning algorithm of inductive causation. We find that terrorism increases foreign aid, however foreign assistance is futile in mitigating terrorism. Additionally, socio-economic factors influence foreign aid given by the donors. But foreign assistance is unsuccessful in enhancing the livelihoods of the underprivileged. We conclude that foreign aid policies need to be more efficient.
Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on pixel prediction and multi-MSB planes rearrangement
Creators: name: Yin, Zhaoxia
name: She, Xiaomeng
name: Tang, Jin
name: Luo, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Great concern has arisen in the field of reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) due to the development of cloud storage and privacy protection. RDHEI is an effective technology that can embed additional data after image encryption, extract additional data error-free and reconstruct original images losslessly. In this paper, a high-capacity and fully reversible RDHEI method is proposed, which is based on pixel prediction and multi-MSB (most significant bit) planes rearrangement. First, the median edge detector (MED) predictor is used to calculate the predicted value. Next, unlike previous methods, in our proposed method, signs of prediction errors (PEs) are represented by one bit plane and absolute values of PEs are represented by other bit planes. Then, we divide bit planes into uniform blocks and non-uniform blocks, and rearrange these blocks. Finally, according to different pixel prediction schemes, different numbers of additional data are embedded adaptively. The experimental results prove that our method has higher embedding capacity compared with state-of-the-art RDHEI methods.
Additional file 4 of Longitudinal immune cell monitoring identified CD14++ CD16+ intermediate monocyte as a marker of relapse in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Kotaro
name: Suzuki, Katsuya
name: Yoshimoto, Keiko
name: Noriyasu Seki
name: Tsujimoto, Hideto
name: Chiba, Kenji
name: Takeuchi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Fig. 4. Correlation between age and number of representative immune cell subsets. Correlation between age and the number of (A) monocytes, (B) CD14++ CD16+ intermediate monocytes, (C) CD19+ B cells and (D) plasma cells. (A-a, B-a, C-a, D-a) HC; (A-b, B-b, C-b, D-b) AAV. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used.
Additional file 1 of Study protocol for daiobotanpito combined with antibiotic therapy for treatment of acute diverticulitis: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ogawa-Ochiai, Keiko
name: Yoshimura, Kenichi
name: Shirai, Akiko
name: Seisho Sakai
name: Moriyama, Hideki
name: Nakamura, Keishi
name: Murayama, Toshinori
name: Ishikawa, Hideki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Standard Protocol Items: Recommendation for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents
Strong force fields and stabilities of the nucleon and singly heavy baryon $Σ_c$
Creators: name: Kim, June-Young
name: Kim, Hyun-Chul
name: Polyakov, Maxim V.
name: Son, Hyeon-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the strong force fields and stabilities of the nucleon and the singly heavy baryon $Σ_c$ within the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model. Having constructed the pion mean fields in the presence of the $N_c-1$ level quarks self-consistently, we are able to examine the gravitational form factors of $Σ_c$. We mainly focus in the present work on the stability conditions for both the nucleon and $Σ_c$ and discuss the strong force fields and their physical implications. We also present the results for the gravitational form factors and relevant observables, emphasising the difference between the nucleon and $Σ_c$.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures
Gravitational collapse in an expanding background and the role of substructure I: Planar collapse
Creators: name: Bagla, J. S.
name: Prasad, Jayanti
name: Ray, Suryadeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay of clumping at small scales with the collapse and relaxation of perturbations at much larger scales. We present results of our analysis when the large scale perturbation is modelled as a plane wave. We find that in absence of substructure, collapse leads to formation of a pancake with multi-stream regions. Dynamical relaxation of plane wave is faster in presence of substructure. Scattering of substructures and the resulting enhancement of transverse motions of haloes in the multi-stream region lead to a thinner pancake. In turn, collapse of the plane wave leads to formation of more massive collapsed haloes as compared to the collapse of substructure in absence of the plane wave. The formation of more massive haloes happens without any increase in the total mass in collapsed haloes. A comparison with the Burgers' equation approach in absence of any substructure suggests that the preferred value of effective viscosity depends primarily on the number of streams in a region.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, uses mn2e.cls. Accepted for publication in the MNRAS
Food Insecurity and Its Determinants in Asia and the Pacific
Creators: name: Southgate, Douglas
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
name: Southgate, Douglas
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
International Development

description: In Asian-Pacific developing countries, the prevalence of food insecurity has diminished dramatically in the past generation. Despite this, many millions continue to suffer from persistent or periodic food insecurity. The causes of food insecurity are both structural and market-related, including influences of public policy on market operations. The most vulnerable populations are those that simultaneously experience both these forms of insecurity. The places they inhabit tend to have poor-quality land, are exposed to climatic and other environmental risks, or both. These same populations either have relatively weak links with the non-food economy, in which higher wages and better income-earning opportunities make food self-sufficiency less important, or are prevented from accessing opportunities in the non-food economy because of poor or misguided policies.
Jolanthe Kugler und Khushnu Hoof (Hrsg.); Balkrishna Doshi. Architektur für den Menschen
Creators: name: Selzer, Julia
Publisher: name: Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Year: 2024

description: Rezension zu: Jolanthe Kugler und Khushnu Hoof (Hrsg.); Balkrishna Doshi. Architektur für den Menschen (Ausst.-Kat. Vitra Design Museum, Weil am Rhein, 30.03 –08.09.2019, Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität München, München, 17.10.2019–20.01.2020); Weil am Rhein: Vitra Design Museum 2019; 383 S., ca. 600 Abb.; ISBN 978-3-945852-30-9
description: Journal für Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 24 Nr. 4 (2020): Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Pricing and Vertical Organization of Differentiated Products
Creators: name: Shi, Guanming
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Shi, Guanming
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper investigates differentiated product pricing and vertical organization under imperfect competition. We develop a conceptual model of multiproduct pricing to examine how the exercise of market power varies with substitution/complementarity relationships among products and vertical structures. The analysis is applied to US soybean seed pricing during the period between 2000 and 2007. It considers two vertical structures: Vertical integration and licensing. We find evidence that vertical organization has significant effects on prices. These effects vary depending on the institutional setup and the bundling of genetic material. The empirical evidence shows that, in a multi-market context, complementarity and economies of scope can mitigate the price enhancements associated with market power. Our analysis indicates that market concentration studies that neglect vertical structures fail to capture the linkages between market structure and pricing.
Early Universe Quantum Processes in BEC Collapse Experiments
Creators: name: Calzetta, E. A.
name: Hu, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in the collapse of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) {For an excellent introduction to BEC theory, see C. Pethick and H. Smith, Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2002)} certain processes involved and mechanisms at work share a common origin with corresponding quantum field processes in the early universe such as particle creation, structure formation and spinodal instability. Phenomena associated with the controlled BEC collapse observed in the experiment of Donley et al E. Donley et. al., Nature 412, 295 (2001)(they call it `Bose-Nova', see also J. Chin, J. Vogels and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 160405 (2003)) such as the appearance of bursts and jets can be explained as a consequence of the squeezing and amplification of quantum fluctuations above the condensate by the dynamics of the condensate. Using the physical insight gained in depicting these cosmological processes, our analysis of the changing amplitude and particle contents of quantum excitations in these BEC dynamics provides excellent quantitative fits with the experimental data on the scaling behavior of the collapse time and the amount of particles emitted in the jets. Because of the coherence properties of BEC and the high degree of control and measurement precision in atomic and optical systems, we see great potential in the design of tabletop experiments for testing out general ideas and specific (quantum field) processes in the early universe, thus opening up the possibility for implementing `laboratory cosmology'.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Invited Talk presented at the Peyresq Meetings of Gravitation and Cosmology, 2003
The Construction of a Tax and Expenditure Limitation Index for the US
Creators: name: Amiel, Lindsay
name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Stallmann, Judith I.
name: Amiel, Lindsay
name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Stallmann, Judith I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This report provides detail on the construction of an index of tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) for the 50 US states for the time-frame 1969 to 2005. Separate annual indices are constructed for TELs on state and on local governments. The goal of constructing the indices is to provide a means to test a range of hypotheses concerning the impact of TELs on economic performance and on state and local government fiscal policies. This report documents the construction of the index. The data are provided in Excel spreadsheets so that others may construct alternative indices.
description: Includes a data file with zipped Excel files.
On Image Filtering, Noise and Morphological Size Intensity Diagrams
Creators: name: Ramos, Vitorino
name: Muge, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5; I.2

description: In the absence of a pure noise-free image it is hard to define what noise is, in any original noisy image, and as a consequence also where it is, and in what amount. In fact, the definition of noise depends largely on our own aim in the whole image analysis process, and (perhaps more important) in our self-perception of noise. For instance, when we perceive noise as disconnected and small it is normal to use MM-ASF filters to treat it. There is two evidences of this. First, in many instances there is no ideal and pure noise-free image to compare our filtering process (nothing but our self-perception of its pure image); second, and related with this first point, MM transformations that we chose are only based on our self - and perhaps - fuzzy notion. The present proposal combines the results of two MM filtering transformations (FT1, FT2) and makes use of some measures and quantitative relations on their Size/Intensity Diagrams to find the most appropriate noise removal process. Results can also be used for finding the most appropriate stop criteria, and the right sequence of MM operators combination on Alternating Sequential Filters (ASF), if these measures are applied, for instance, on a Genetic Algorithm's target function.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, Author at http://alfa.ist.utl.pt/~cvrm/staff/vramos/ref_25.html
Accounting for Respondent Uncertainty to Improve Willingness-to-Pay Estimates
Creators: name: Moore, Rebecca
name: Bishop, Richard C.
name: Provencher, Bill
name: Champ, Patricia A.
name: Moore, Rebecca
name: Bishop, Richard C.
name: Provencher, Bill
name: Champ, Patricia A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: In this paper we develop an econometric model of willingness to pay that integrates data on respondent uncertainty regarding their own willingness to pay. The integration is utility consistent and does not involve calibrating the contingent responses to actual payment data, and so the approach can “stand alone”. In an application to a valuation study related to whooping crane restoration, we find that this model generates a statistically lower expected WTP than the standard CV model. Moreover, the WTP function estimated with this model is not statistically different from that estimated using actual payment data, suggesting that when properly analyzed using data on respondent uncertainty, contingent valuation decisions can simulate actual payment decisions. This method allows for more reliable estimates of WTP that incorporates respondent uncertainty without the need for collecting comparable actual payment data.
Rigorous analysis of grazing-angle scattering of electromagnetic waves in periodic gratings
Creators: name: Gramotnev, D. K.
name: Nieminen, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grazing-angle scattering (GAS) is a type of Bragg scattering of waves in slanted non-uniform periodic gratings, when the diffracted order satisfying the Bragg condition propagates at a grazing angle with respect to the boundaries of a slab-like grating. Rigorous analysis of GAS of bulk TE electromagnetic waves is undertaken in holographic gratings by means of the enhanced T-matrix algorithm. A comparison of the rigorous and the previously developed approximate theories of GAS is carried out. A complex pattern of numerous previously unknown resonances is discovered and analysed in detail for gratings with large amplitude, for which the approximate theory fails. These resonances are associated not only with the geometry of GAS, but are also typical for wide transmitting gratings. Their dependence on grating amplitude, angles of incidence and scattering, and grating width is investigated numerically. Physical interpretation of the predicted resonances is linked to the existence and the resonant generation of special new eigenmodes of slanted gratings. Main properties of these modes and their field structure are discussed.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Additional file 1 of Using targeting to recruit men and women of color into a behavioral weight loss trial
Creators: name: Crane, Melissa M.
name: Seburg, Elisabeth M.
name: Levy, Rona L.
name: Jeffery, Robert W.
name: Sherwood, Nancy E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Large adaptive reflector : actuator analysis
Creators: name: Preidt, Casey Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: As traditional engineering practices have focused more towards deterministic design it does not leave a lot to be desired in terms of performance and service life. Typically, traditional engineering practice uses a capacity approach in that one or more key failure modes are determined to be the governing mode of failure and the design was performed such that these particular failure modes would be prevented. In doing so, engineers assumed that many of the parameters used in design, such as mass, ultimate strength, etc, were absolute; however, many of these parameters have a large amount of variability and should not be assumed to be absolute so quickly. From this perspective comes reliability engineering. Reliability engineering takes into account these probabilities and incorporates them into a useable form of analysis. With reliability engineering many different possible modes of failure are effectively examined giving more depth to the design. Today's engineers are slowly beginning to realize the effectiveness of reliability engineering as a design tool and decision-making tool as well. In this paper it is the goal of the author to present the usefulness of performing reliability analyses in a non-academic scenario. Reliability engineering will be shown as an important tool for both design and decision-making. To illustrate this point a case study was performed involving the actuation system of a large radio telescope, the Large Adaptive Reflector (LAR), to be constructed in Penticton, BC. Several different actuation solutions were considered in depth, both in practical design and long-term reliability. By using such parameters such as; practicality, cost, both short-term (production costs) and long-term costs (maintenance costs), and long term reliability an appropriate actuation will be chosen using decision-making methods. It is hoped that actuations system chosen in this comparative study will be constructed into a prototype for further evaluation.
Additional file 1 of Hypertonic sodium lactate improves microcirculation, cardiac function, and inflammation in a rat model of sepsis
Creators: name: Besnier, Emmanuel
name: Coquerel, David
name: Kouadri, Geoffrey
name: Clavier, Thomas
name: Favory, Raphael
name: Duburcq, Thibault
name: Lesur, Olivier
name: Soumeya Bekri
name: Richard, Vincent
name: Mulder, Paul
name: Tamion, Fabienne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. : Detailed experimental procedures.
Additional file 1 of Hepatitis in children with tuberculosis: a case report and review of the literature
Creators: name: Sanchez-Codez, Maria
name: W. Garret Hunt
name: Watson, Joshua
name: Mejias, Asuncion
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of pediatric patients with elevated liver function tests and TB disease. Table S2. Studies in patients with TB and hepatitis.
Additional file 1 of Multichannel ECG recording from waist using textile sensors
Creators: name: Meghrazi, Milad Alizadeh
name: Yupeng Tian
name: Mahnam, Amin
name: Presish Bhattachan
name: Eskandarian, Ladan
name: Kakhki, Sara Taghizadeh
name: Milos R. Popovic
name: Lankarany, Milad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Details of optimal-threshold method & statistical measures of R-peaks. This section includes two appendices, namely, A) statistical measures of the performance of detected R-peaks, and B) optimal-threshold method.
Valuing a Spatially Variable Environmental Resource: Reducing Non-Point Source Pollution in Green Bay, WI
Creators: name: Moore, Rebecca
name: Provencher, Bill
name: Bishop, Richard C.
name: Moore, Rebecca
name: Provencher, Bill
name: Bishop, Richard C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This article investigates the value of reducing non-point source pollution in Green Bay, WI. Using stated preference methods, we find the lower bound on the benefits of reducing runoff enough to universally increase water clarity by four feet is greater than $9 million annually. Using a unique survey design, we show that because current water clarity in Green Bay is spatially variable, the value that a household places on this universal improvement depends on the distance of the household’s residence from the Bay and on the particular geospatial location of the residence. This has important implications for estimating aggregate benefits.
Additional file 1 of Adansonia digitata germination tests. Elephants or heat: what causes scarification of seed to facilitate germination?
Creators: name: Lautenschläger, Thea
name: Teutloff, Nele
name: Günther, Markus
name: Neinhuis, Christoph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Relative germination rate in percentage of Adansonia digitata seeds treated with acids and digested by elephants. Observation time: 10 weeks (W). Control experiments marked in green. Figure S2. Relative germination rate in percentage of Adansonia digitata seeds after digestion of elephants and exposed to heat for 5 min. Observation time: 10 weeks (W). Control experiments marked in green. Figure S3. Relative germination rate in percentage of Adansonia digitata seeds exposed to heat for 5 min. Observation time: 10 weeks (W). Control experiments marked in green. Figure S4. Relative germination rate in percentage of Adansonia digitata seeds exposed to heat for 40 min. Observation time: 10 weeks (W). Control experiments marked in green.
Trade, Technology and Inequality in a Developing Country: Theory and Evidence from China
Creators: name: Li, Muqun
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
name: Li, Muqun
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: International Development

description: Could globalization—specifically, increased international trade and openness to foreign investment—increase inequality in developing countries? Empirical studies in many such economies show that expanding trade and FDI are associated with higher inequality in wages and regional incomes. However, there is no agreement regarding the cause of such increases. We present a theoretical model showing how interactions between factor mobility restrictions and different rates of technical progress (due to trade and FDI) in a regionally heterogeneous economy can explain the evolution of inequality. As favored regions benefit more from trade, their growing demand for skills drains skilled workers from disadvantaged areas, and average incomes in favored regions grow faster than in less favored regions. Moreover, this unbalanced regional growth may be the source of rising inequality within each region, and even of falling per capita incomes in the less favored region. We test our predictions with data from China’s coastal and inland provinces. The results confirm that different regional growth rates have increased both interregional and intraregional inequality. In addition, growth of skills-based export industries in coastal regions, other things equal, is associated with lower incomes for the poor in inland provinces.
A purely geometric distance to the binary star Atlas, a member of the Pleiades
Creators: name: Zwahlen, N.
name: North, P.
name: Debernardi, Y.
name: Eyer, L.
name: Galland, F.
name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
name: Hummel, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present radial velocity and new interferometric measurements of the double star Atlas, which permit, with the addition of published interferometric data, to precisely derive the orbital parameters of the binary system and the masses of the components. The derived semi-major axis, compared with its measured angular size, allows to determine a distance to Atlas of 132+-4 pc in a purely geometrical way. Under the assumption that the location of Atlas is representative of the average distance of the cluster, we confirm the distance value generally obtained through main sequence fitting, in contradiction with the early Hipparcos result (118.3+-3.5 pc).
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A Letters
The Contribution of Agriculture to the Wisconsin Economy
Creators: name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Williams, David B.
name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Williams, David B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This study assesses the contribution of agriculture to Wisconsin’s economy. Building on the analysis of Deller (2004), we use data from 2007 in this study. By using 2007 as the year of analysis, we are able to build on the current Census of Agriculture, which provides detailed data for 2007. We also explore changes in aggregate measures of agriculture from 1990 to 2007, and more detailed assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of on-farm production and food processing, from 2001 to 2007.
Choices under Risk in Rural Peru
Creators: name: Galarza, Francisco B.
name: Galarza, Francisco B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: International Development
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper estimates the risk preferences of cotton farmers in Southern Peru, using the results from a multiple-price-list lottery game. Assuming that preferences conform to two of the leading models of decision under risk. Expected Utility Theory (EUT) and Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) -- we find strong evidence of moderate risk aversion. Once we include individual characteristics in the estimation of risk parameters, we observe that farmers use subjective nonlinear probability weighting, a behavior consistent with CPT. Interestingly, when we allow for preference heterogeneity via the estimation of mixture models -- where the proportion of subjects who behave according to EUT or to CPT is endogenously determined -- we find that the majority of farmers’ choices are best explained by CPT. We further hypothesize that the multiple switching behavior observed in our sample can be explained by nonlinear probability weighting made in a context of large random calculation mistakes; the evidence found on this regard is mixed. Finally, we find that attaining higher education is the single most important individual characteristic correlated with risk preferences, a result that suggests a connection between cognitive abilities and behavior towards risk.
Numerical modelling of time dependent pore pressure response induced by helical pile installation
Creators: name: Vyazmensky, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purposes of this research are to apply numerical modelling to prediction of the pore water pressure response induced by helical pile installation into fine-grained soil and to gain better understanding of the pore pressure behaviour observed during the field study of helical pile - soil interaction, performed at the Colebrook test site at Surrey, B.C. by Weech (2002). The critical state NorSand soil model coupled with the Biot formulation were chosen to represent the behaviour of saturated fine-grained soil. Their finite element implementation into NorSandBiot code was adopted as a modelling framework. Thorough verification of the finite element implementation of NorSandBiot code was conducted. Within the NorSandBiot code framework a special procedure for modelling helical pile installation in 1-D using a cylindrical cavity analogy was developed. A comprehensive parametric study of the NorSandBiot code was conducted. It was found that computed pore water pressure response is very sensitive to variation of the soil OCR and its hydraulic conductivity kr. Helical pile installation was modelled in two stages. At the first stage expansion of a single cavity, corresponding to the helical pile shaft, was analysed and on the second stage additional cavity expansion/contraction cycles, representing the helices, were added. The pore pressure predictions were compared and contrasted with the pore pressure measurements performed by Weech (2002) and other sources. The modelling showed that simulation of helical pile installation using a single cavity expansion within NorSandBiot framework provided reasonable predictions of the pore pressure response observed in the field. More realistic simulation using series of cavity expansion/contraction cycles improves the predictions. The modelling confirmed many of the field observations made by Weech (2004) and proved that a fully coupled NorSandBiot modelling framework provides a realistic environment for simulation of the fine-grained soil behaviour. The proposed modelling approach to simulation of helical pile installation provided a simplified technique that allows reasonable predictions of stresses and pore pressures variation during and after helical pile installation.
Robust adaptive steganography based on dither modulation and modification with re-compression
Creators: name: Yin, Zhaoxia
name: Ke, Longfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional adaptive steganography is a technique used for covert communication with high security, but it is invalid in the case of stego images are sent to legal receivers over networks which is lossy, such as JPEG compression of channels. To deal with such problem, robust adaptive steganography is proposed to enable the receiver to extract secret messages from the damaged stego images. Previous works utilize reverse engineering and compression-resistant domain constructing to implement robust adaptive steganography. In this paper, we adopt modification with re-compression scheme to improve the robustness of stego sequences in stego images. To balance security and robustness, we move the embedding domain to the low frequency region of DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) coefficients to improve the security of robust adaptive steganography. In addition, we add additional check codes to further reduce the average extraction error rate based on the framework of E-DMAS (Enhancing Dither Modulation based robust Adaptive Steganography). Compared with GMAS (Generalized dither Modulation based robust Adaptive Steganography) and E-DMAS, experiment results show that our scheme can achieve strong robustness and improve the security of robust adaptive steganography greatly when the channel quality factor is known.
DOES GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING OF NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS MAKE SENSE IN CITIES? EVIDENCE FROM ABIDJAN AND ACCRA
Creators: name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
name: Levin, Carol E.
name: Armar-Klemesu, Margaret
name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
name: Levin, Carol E.
name: Armar-Klemesu, Margaret
name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Ruel, Marie T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Although most developing country cities are characterized by pockets of substandard housing and inadequate service provision, it is not known to what degree low incomes and malnutrition are confined to specific neighborhoods. This analysis uses representative household surveys of Abidjan and Accra to quantify small-area clustering in service provision, demographic characteristics, consumption, and nutrition. Both cities showed significant clustering in housing conditions but not in nutrition, while income was clustered in Abidjan, but less so in Accra. This suggests that neighborhood targeting of poverty-alleviation or nutrition interventions in these and similar cities could lead to undercoverage of the truly needy.
Screw dislocation that converts p-type GaN to n-type: Microscopic study on the Mg condensation and the leakage current in p-n diodes
Creators: name: Nakano, Takashi
name: Harashima, Yosuke
name: Chokawa, Kenta
name: Shiraishi, Kenji
name: Oshiyama, Atsushi
name: Kangawa, Yoshihiro
name: Usami, Shigeyoshi
name: Mayama, Norihito
name: Toda, Kazuya
name: Tanaka, Atsushi
name: Honda, Yoshio
name: Amano, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments suggest that Mg condensation at threading dislocations induce current leakage, leading to degradation of GaN-based power devices. To study this issue, we perform first-principles total-energy electronic-structure calculations for various Mg and dislocation complexes. We find that threading screw dislocations (TSDs) indeed attract Mg impurities, and that the electronic levels in the energy gap induced by the dislocations are elevated towards the conduction band as the Mg impurity approaches the dislocation line, indicating that the Mg-TSD complex is a donor. The formation of the Mg-TSD complex is unequivocally evidenced by our atom probe tomography in which Mg condensation and diffusion through [0001] screw dislocations is observed in p-n diodes. These findings provide a novel picture that the Mg being a p-type impurity in GaN diffuses toward the TSD and then locally forms an n-type region. The appearance of this region along the TSD results the reverse leakage current.
description: 5pages, 6figures
Additional file 1 of The impact of adjuvant surgical treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease on prognosis and outcome
Creators: name: Kiyoharu Fukushima
name: Miki, Mari
name: Matsumoto, Yuki
name: Uda, Emi
name: Yamamoto, Yuji
name: Kogita, Yuya
name: Kagawa, Yuko
name: Matsuki, Takanori
name: Kagawa, Hiroyuki
name: Oshitani, Yohei
name: Motooka, Daisuke
name: Tsujino, Kazuyuki
name: Yoshimura, Kenji
name: Miki, Keisuke
name: Hayashi, Akio
name: Nakamura, Shota
name: Kitada, Seigo
name: Yukiyasu Takeuchi
name: Kida, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Work flow of the identification non-surgically treated NTM-PD patients. Figure S2. Levels of GPL core serum IgA antibody before and after combinational antibiotic treatment. Overall levels (a) and (b) individual patient levels of GPL core serum IgA antibody in the non-conversion, culture conversion, non-recurrence, and culture conversion and non-recurrence subgroups. All results are expressed as individual data before and after surgery. P values were calculated using the Friedman matched-pair test with Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli’s two-stage correction. Figure S3. MLST score obtained by mlstverse. Isolates from two reccurent patients [26] and one refractory patient (c) were sequenced and analyzed. Identified species were showed with strain name with the highest score. (a) reccurent case 1 (patient no. 35), (b) reccurent case 2 (patient no.11), (c) refractory case, (patient no. 4). Table S1. Baseline characteristics of matched paires. Table S2. Analysis of reduction levels of GPL core serum antibody after surgery.
How far away is the next earthquake?
Creators: name: Davidsen, Jörn
name: Paczuski, Maya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatial distances between subsequent earthquakes in southern California exhibit scale-free statistics, with a critical exponent $δ\approx 0.6$, as well as finite size scaling. The statistics are independent of the threshold magnitude as long as the catalog is complete, but depend strongly on the temporal ordering of events, rather than the geometry of the spatial epicenter distribution. Nevertheless, the spatial distance and waiting time between subsequent earthquakes are uncorrelated with each other. These observations contradict the theory of aftershock zone scaling with main shock magnitude.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures