cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Mechanism for a Prefibrotic Phenotype in STAT1 Knockout Mice during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Creators: name: Frieman, Matthew B.
name: Zornetzer, Gregory A.
name: Baric, Ralph
name: Korth, Marcus J.
name: Rosenzweig, Elizabeth
name: Katze, Michael G.
name: Page, Carly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection can cause the development of severe end-stage lung disease characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanisms by which pulmonary lesions and fibrosis are generated during SARS-CoV infection are not known. Using high-throughput mRNA profiling, we examined the transcriptional response of wild-type (WT), type I interferon receptor knockout (IFNAR1−/−), and STAT1 knockout (STAT1−/−) mice infected with a recombinant mouse-adapted SARS-CoV (rMA15) to better understand the contribution of specific gene expression changes to disease progression. Despite a deletion of the type I interferon receptor, strong expression of interferon-stimulated genes was observed in the lungs of IFNAR1−/− mice, contributing to clearance of the virus. In contrast, STAT1−/− mice exhibited a defect in the expression of interferon-stimulated genes and were unable to clear the infection, resulting in a lethal outcome. STAT1−/− mice exhibited dysregulation of T-cell and macrophage differentiation, leading to a TH2-biased immune response and the development of alternatively activated macrophages that mediate a profibrotic environment within the lung. We propose that a combination of impaired viral clearance and T-cell/macrophage dysregulation causes the formation of prefibrotic lesions in the lungs of rMA15-infected STAT1−/− mice.
Reducing Acquiescence E2
Creators: name: Shepherdson, Peter
name: Guðmundsdóttir, Guðrún
name: Magnúsdóttir, Lilja
name: Nilsdóttir, Margrét
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Second experiment for this project. See attached document for details.
Zn2+ Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity In Vitro and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These Viruses in Cell Culture
Creators: name: Sims, Amy C.
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Snijder, Eric J.
name: van den Worm, Sjoerd H.E.
name: van Hemert, Martijn J.
name: te Velthuis, Aartjan J.W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Increasing the intracellular Zn2+ concentration with zinc-ionophores like pyrithione (PT) can efficiently impair the replication of a variety of RNA viruses, including poliovirus and influenza virus. For some viruses this effect has been attributed to interference with viral polyprotein processing. In this study we demonstrate that the combination of Zn2+ and PT at low concentrations (2 µM Zn2+ and 2 µM PT) inhibits the replication of SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and equine arteritis virus (EAV) in cell culture. The RNA synthesis of these two distantly related nidoviruses is catalyzed by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the core enzyme of their multiprotein replication and transcription complex (RTC). Using an activity assay for RTCs isolated from cells infected with SARS-CoV or EAV—thus eliminating the need for PT to transport Zn2+ across the plasma membrane—we show that Zn2+ efficiently inhibits the RNA-synthesizing activity of the RTCs of both viruses. Enzymatic studies using recombinant RdRps (SARS-CoV nsp12 and EAV nsp9) purified from E. coli subsequently revealed that Zn2+ directly inhibited the in vitro activity of both nidovirus polymerases. More specifically, Zn2+ was found to block the initiation step of EAV RNA synthesis, whereas in the case of the SARS-CoV RdRp elongation was inhibited and template binding reduced. By chelating Zn2+ with MgEDTA, the inhibitory effect of the divalent cation could be reversed, which provides a novel experimental tool for in vitro studies of the molecular details of nidovirus replication and transcription.
Using text and charts to provide social norms feedback to general practices with high overall & high broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing: A national randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Bowen, Sarah
name: Gold, Natalie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The NHS sets targets for prescribing in primary care. General practices (GPs) in England are given a target for overall prescribing (0.965 Antibacterial Items/STAR-PU) and broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing (more than 10% were broad spectrum items). Broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing is a particularly important driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Evidence suggests that social normative feedback, providing high prescribing GP practices with feedback about their prescribing behaviour relative to other practices in England, can decrease antibiotic prescribing. However, previous trials have so far exclusively focused on overall prescribing behaviour. In this study, we investigate the effect of providing high antibiotic prescribing GP practices with tailored social normative feedback on either total or broad spectrum prescribing. This study consisted of three separate randomised controlled trials, all involving sending a letter and leaflet from England’s Chief Medical Officer to GP practices regarding the antibiotic prescribing rate in the practice. In the study, letters were sent out to practices in October 2018. We use NHS BSA prescribing data to investigate the effect of behavioural science informed feedback on practice level prescribing in the months after the letter was delivered.
Temporally resolved second-order photon correlations of exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensate formation
Creators: name: Adiyatullin, Albert F.
name: Anderson, Mitchell D.
name: Busi, Pierre V.
name: Abbaspour, Hadis
name: André, Régis
name: Portella-Oberli, Marcia T.
name: Deveaud, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Second-order time correlation measurements with a temporal resolution better than 3 ps were performed on a CdTe microcavity where spontaneous Bose-Einstein condensation is observed. After the laser pulse, the nonresonantly excited thermal polariton population relaxes into a coherent polariton condensate. Photon statistics of the light emitted by the microcavity evidences a clear phase transition from the thermal state to a coherent state, which occurs within 3.2 ps after the onset of stimulated scattering. Following this very fast transition, we show that the emission possesses a very high coherence that persists for more than 100 ps after the build-up of the condensate.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Mapping healthcare spaces: A scoping review of spatial and behavioural observation methods
Creators: name: Lipson-Smith, Ruby
name: McLaughlan, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Interior Architecture
subject: Other Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Public Health
subject: Place and Environment
subject: Other Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Health Services Research
subject: Other Architecture

description: The intention of this scoping literature review is to collate and compare the spatial and behavioural observation methods that are commonly used in healthcare environments research so that researchers can easily access and appreciate the benefits and limitations of the various methods for particular research contexts.
Ultrafast polaron dynamics of individual SWCNTs indicating electron transfer related to the optical analogue of the Gunn effect
Creators: name: Nuß, Matthias
name: Büttner, Simon
name: Li, Donghai
name: Eckstein, Klaus
name: Schöppler, Friedrich
name: Hertel, Tobias
name: Brixner, Tobias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Physical chemistry not elsewhere classified
Surface properties of condensed matter
Nanoelectronics
Quantum optics and quantum optomechanics
Nonlinear optics and spectroscopy
Photonics, optoelectronics and optical communications
Organic semiconductors
Theoretical and computational chemistry not elsewhere classified
Mathematical physics not elsewhere classified
Algebraic structures in mathematical physics

description: The Gunn effect [1] has changed daily lives through the use of "transferred-electron" devices. Further developments would benefit from reduced dimensionalities (e.g., single-molecule transistors) with tunable quantized nonlinear electro-optical response. Special challenges are to overcome the "THz gap" and to access quantum effects at room temperature that are limited by ensemble averaging or short lifetime. In this regard an optical Gunn behaviour was shown in Si nanowires and GaAs and proposed in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [2]. We carried out ultrafast two-dimensional (2D) fluorescence spectroscopy [3] on individual SWCNTs, which provides insight into the spatio-temporal evolution of electron-vacancy-phonon mediated intervalley dynamics during ultrafast polaron decay in individual SWCNTs. In addition we compare the decay over time and power dependence of the fluorescence with simulations, to identify the mechanism for electron transfer and discuss this in the light of the optical analogue of the Gunn effect [1], which meets quantization conditions. [1] J. B. Gunn, Solid State Commun. 1, 88-91 (1963). [2] G. Pennington et al.,Phys. Rev. B 68, 045426 (2003) [3] S. Goetz et al., Optics Express 26, Nr. 4: 3915-25 (2018).
Escape from Human Monoclonal Antibody Neutralization Affects In Vitro and In Vivo Fitness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Creators: name: Corti, Davide
name: Lanzavecchia, Antonio
name: Frieman, Matthew
name: Sheahan, Timothy
name: Donaldson, Eric
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Rockx, Barry
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) emerged as a human disease in 2002 and detailed phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological studies have suggested that the SARS-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) originated from animals. The Spike (S) glycoprotein has been identified as a major target of protective immunity and contains at least three regions that are targeted by neutralizing antibodies in the S1 and S2 domains. We previously characterized a panel of neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) but the majority of epitopes recognized by the MAbs remained unknown.
Sites of resistance, or sights of pleasure? Subversive queer aesthetics in Russian music videos of the 2010s
Creators: name: Reid, Thomas Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2024
Subjects: Russian popular culture
Queer
Music video
Russian studies
Russian politics
Subversion

description: On 30th June 2013, the Russian Parliament passed the so-called Anti-Gay Propaganda Law, which aimed to prohibit the spread of information of ‘non-traditional sexual orientation’ among minors, as well as prohibiting any ‘positive portrayals’ of nonheteronormative sexualities. The Law, designed to suppress sexual minorities and oppositional voices, represented an articulation of the neo-traditionalist conservatism that informs the Putin Regime’s state building ideology. This thesis explores how queerness is used by music artists in Russia as a tool for political critique and subversion by analysing some of the most viewed and widely shared music videos released in the 2010s. Referring to musical, lyrical, and visual forms that evoke queer aesthetics (broadly understood to encompass (neo-)camp aesthetics, narratives that undermine heteronormative values, LGBTQ+ representation politics and so on), this thesis assesses how music artists are able to explore queerness even under an increasingly queerphobic and authoritarian regime. Simultaneously, the thesis emphasises the ambivalence of artists’ engagement with queer aesthetics, identities and politics. It demonstrates that queer elements in artists’ work unsettle the binary of subversion and complicity in countering and/or perpetuating queerphobic discourses in Russia today. The project is the first of its kind in English-language Russian studies to centre music videos as its main primary source material. It is informed by intersectional feminist, queer, and film theories, and also takes inspiration from developments in scholarship concerning anthropology with music and media studies. In dealing with queer ambivalence, the thesis thus makes a significant contribution to debates on contemporary Russian pop culture and politics, bringing together queerness and anticolonialism into conversation in ways that rarely occur in Russian Studies. I aim to situate this project within the wider context of research into Russian gender and queer, media, and anthropological studies to complement wider discussions and analysis concerned with Russian popular culture in the Putin era.
Results from DROXO IV. EXTraS discovery of an X-ray flare from the Class I protostar candidate ISO-Oph 85
Creators: name: Pizzocaro, Daniele
name: Stelzer, Beate
name: Paladini, Roberta
name: Tiengo, Andrea
name: Lisini, Gianni
name: Novara, Giovanni
name: Vianello, Giacomo
name: Belfiore, Andrea
name: Marelli, Martino
name: Salvetti, David
name: Pillitteri, Ignazio
name: Sciortino, Salvatore
name: D'Agostino, Daniele
name: Haberl, Frank
name: Watson, Mike
name: Wilms, Joern
name: Salvaterra, Ruben
name: De Luca, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray emission from Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) is crucial to understand star formation. A very limited amount of X-ray results is available for the protostellar (ClassI) phase. A systematic search of transient X-ray phenomena combined with a careful evaluation of the evolutionary stage offer a widely unexplored window to our understanding of YSOs X-ray properties. Within the EXTraS project, a search for transients and variability in the whole XMM-Newton archive, we discover transient X-ray emission consistent with ISO-Oph 85, a strongly embedded YSO in the rho Ophiuchi region, not detected in previous time-averaged X-ray studies. We extract an X-ray light curve for the flare and determine its spectral parameters from XMM-Newton/EPIC (European Photon Imaging Camera) data using quantile analysis. The X-ray flare ($2500\,s$), the only one detected in the XMM-Newton archive for ISO-Oph 85, has a luminosity of $LogL_X[erg/s]=31.1$ and a spectrum consistent with a highly-absorbed one-component thermal model ($N_H=1.0^{+1.2}_{-0.5}10^{23}\,cm^{-2}$, $kT=1.15^{+2.35}_{-0.65}\,keV)$. We set an upper limit of $LogL_X[erg/s]<29.5$ to the quiescent X-ray luminosity. We build a SED with IR to mm photometry drawn from literature and mid-IR Spitzer and sub-mm Herschel photometry analysed by us, and compare it with pre-computed models. The sub-mm emission peak in the Herschel data suggests that the object is a ClassI protostar. However, the Herschel/IR position offset is larger than for other YSOs in the region, leaving some doubt on the association. This is the first X-ray flare from a YSO recognised as a candidate ClassI YSO via the analysis of its complete SED. This work shows how the analysis of the whole SED is fundamental for the classification of YSOs, and how the X-ray source detection techniques we developed can open a new era in time-resolved analysis of the X-ray emission from stars.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables Accepted for publication by Astronomy&Astrophysics
Multiracial Prototype Study: Replication
Creators: name: Vinluan, Aeroelay
name: Remedios, Jessica
name: Hinzman, Lindsay
name: Maddox, Keith
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The purpose of this study is replicate the findings from MPS Study 4 using different participant-generated prototypes.
Human airway epithelial cell culture to identify new respiratory viruses: Coronavirus NL63 as a model
Creators: name: Rowley, Anne H.
name: Randell, Scott H.
name: Banach, Bridget
name: Fox, Linda M.
name: Baker, Susan C.
name: Orenstein, Jan M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Propagation of new human respiratory virus pathogens in established cell lines is hampered by a lack of predictability regarding cell line permissivity and by availability of suitable antibody reagents to detect infection in cell lines that do not exhibit significant cytopathic effect. Recently, molecular methods have been used to amplify and identify novel nucleic acid sequences directly from clinical samples, but these methods may be hampered by the quantity of virus present in respiratory secretions at different time points following the onset of infection. Human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures, which effectively mimic the human bronchial environment, allow for cultivation of a wide variety of human respiratory viral pathogens. The goal of the experiments described here was to determine if propagation and identification of a human respiratory virus may be achieved through inoculation of HAE cultures followed by whole transcriptome amplification (WTA) and sequence analysis. To establish proof-of-principle human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) was evaluated, and the first visualization of HCoV-NL63 virus by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is reported. Initial propagation of human respiratory secretions onto HAE cultures followed by TEM and WTA of culture supernatant may be a useful approach for visualization and detection of new human respiratory pathogens that have eluded identification by traditional approaches.
A Hierarchical Rate Splitting Strategy for FDD Massive MIMO under Imperfect CSIT
Creators: name: Dai, Mingbo
name: Clerckx, Bruno
name: Gesbert, David
name: Caire, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a multiuser MIMO broadcast channel, the rate performance is affected by the multiuser interference when the Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT) is imperfect. To tackle the interference problem, a Rate-Splitting (RS) approach has been proposed recently, which splits one user's message into a common and a private part, and superimposes the common message on top of the private messages. The common message is drawn from a public codebook and should be decoded by all users. In this paper, we propose a novel and general framework, denoted as Hierarchical Rate Splitting (HRS), that is particularly suited to FDD massive MIMO systems. HRS simultaneously transmits private messages intended to each user and two kinds of common messages that can be decoded by all users and by a subset of users, respectively. We analyse the asymptotic sum rate of HRS under imperfect CSIT. A closed-form power allocation is derived which provides insights into the effects of system parameters. Finally, simulation results validate the significant sum rate gain of HRS over various baselines.
description: Accepted paper at IEEE CAMAD 2015
Learning-Focused Dynamics of Toddler–Educator Conversations
Creators: name: Brand, Natalie
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: In early childhood education, the first three years of life are broadly accepted as a foundational period for language development and cognitive growth. Research has shown that the quantity and quality of educators’ talk to young children predicts language and cognitive outcomes. The quality of educators’ language has been well researched in terms of language-supporting strategies such as asking questions and labelling. Yet, little is known about the features of educators’ input that promote toddlers’ learning, or how learning is shaped by the conversational contributions of toddlers. To understand the learning-focused dynamics of toddler–educator talk, naturally occurring conversations between toddlers and their educators were video-recorded and then analysed using a grounded theory approach. The nature of educators’ talk was further explored through a thematic analysis of interviews with the participating educators. The data were collected in four early childhood centres in New South Wales, Australia. The participants were 12 two-year old toddlers and 14 educators. Each focus toddler was filmed for five hours during their normal day at their respective centre. Educators then watched a few strategically selected excerpts from this video footage and participated in semi-structured focus group interviews where they shared their ideas about the learning value of these conversations. The findings show that toddler– educator conversations provide varied opportunities for toddlers to both demonstrate their existing knowledge and create new knowledge. These learning opportunities are reinforced by the dynamics of both educators’ and toddlers’ conversational contributions, which are determined by the extent to which a conversation’s topic is related to the participants’ immediate activity, conversational leadership and whether the conversation is oriented towards toddlers’ demonstrating their existing knowledge or creating new knowledge. Interviews with educators reveal their knowledge that language and learning are mutually supportive. Educators also strive to provide rich learning opportunities in conversations because toddlers’ learning is rewardingly apparent in these or future conversations. This study presents a theoretical explanatory model of the learning-focused dynamics of toddler–educator conversations, contributing to current understandings of how learning opportunities can be recognised and created. The findings have implications for developing effective pedagogies for supporting under-three-year-old children’s learning.
Wormholes, Emergent Gauge Fields, and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
Creators: name: Harlow, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper revisits the question of reconstructing bulk gauge fields as boundary operators in AdS/CFT. In the presence of the wormhole dual to the thermofield double state of two CFTs, the existence of bulk gauge fields is in some tension with the microscopic tensor factorization of the Hilbert space. I explain how this tension can be resolved by splitting the gauge field into charged constituents, and I argue that this leads to a new argument for the "principle of completeness", which states that the charge lattice of a gauge theory coupled to gravity must be fully populated. I also claim that it leads to a new motivation for (and a clarification of) the "weak gravity conjecture", which I interpret as a strengthening of this principle. This setup gives a simple example of a situation where describing low-energy bulk physics in CFT language requires knowledge of high-energy bulk physics. This contradicts to some extent the notion of "effective conformal field theory", but in fact is an expected feature of the resolution of the black hole information problem. An analogous factorization issue exists also for the gravitational field, and I comment on several of its implications for reconstructing black hole interiors and the emergence of spacetime more generally.
description: 26 pages plus appendices, 8 figures. v2: minor clarifications/corrections, references added
Early Upregulation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Associated Cytokines Promotes Lethal Disease in an Aged-Mouse Model of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Creators: name: van den Brand, Judith
name: Baric, Ralph
name: Zornetzer, Gregory A.
name: Rockx, Barry
name: Proll, Sean
name: Teal, Thomas H.
name: Frieman, Matthew
name: Haagmans, Bart
name: Dyer, Matthew D.
name: Katze, Michael G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Several respiratory viruses, including influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), produce more severe disease in the elderly, yet the molecular mechanisms governing age-related susceptibility remain poorly studied. Advanced age was significantly associated with increased SARS-related deaths, primarily due to the onset of early- and late-stage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Infection of aged, but not young, mice with recombinant viruses bearing spike glycoproteins derived from early human or palm civet isolates resulted in death accompanied by pathological changes associated with ARDS. In aged mice, a greater number of differentially expressed genes were observed than in young mice, whose responses were significantly delayed. Differences between lethal and nonlethal virus phenotypes in aged mice could be attributed to differences in host response kinetics rather than virus kinetics. SARS-CoV infection induced a range of interferon, cytokine, and pulmonary wound-healing genes, as well as several genes associated with the onset of ARDS. Mice that died also showed unique transcriptional profiles of immune response, apoptosis, cell cycle control, and stress. Cytokines associated with ARDS were significantly upregulated in animals experiencing lung pathology and lethal disease, while the same animals experienced downregulation of the ACE2 receptor. These data suggest that the magnitude and kinetics of a disproportionately strong host innate immune response contributed to severe respiratory stress and lethality. Although the molecular mechanisms governing ARDS pathophysiology remain unknown in aged animals, these studies reveal a strategy for dissecting the genetic pathways by which SARS-CoV infection induces changes in the host response, leading to death.
Clustering categorical data via ensembling dissimilarity matrices
Creators: name: Amiri, Saeid
name: Clarke, Bertrand
name: Clarke, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a technique for clustering categorical data by generating many dissimilarity matrices and averaging over them. We begin by demonstrating our technique on low dimensional categorical data and comparing it to several other techniques that have been proposed. Then we give conditions under which our method should yield good results in general. Our method extends to high dimensional categorical data of equal lengths by ensembling over many choices of explanatory variables. In this context we compare our method with two other methods. Finally, we extend our method to high dimensional categorical data vectors of unequal length by using alignment techniques to equalize the lengths. We give examples to show that our method continues to provide good results, in particular, better in the context of genome sequences than clusterings suggested by phylogenetic trees.
Topology and Dynamics of the Contracting Boundary of Cocompact CAT(0) Spaces
Creators: name: Murray, Devin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65

description: Let $X$ be a proper CAT(0) space and let $G$ be a cocompact group of isometries of $X$ which acts properly discontinuously. Charney and Sultan constructed a quasi-isometry invariant boundary for proper CAT(0) spaces which they called the contracting boundary. The contracting boundary imitates the Gromov boundary for $δ$-hyperbolic spaces. We will make this comparison more precise by establishing some well known results for the Gromov boundary in the case of the contracting boundary. We show that the dynamics on the contracting boundary is very similar to that of a $δ$-hyperbolic group. In particular the action of $G$ on $\partial_cX$ is minimal if $G$ is not virtually cyclic. We also establish a uniform convergence result that is similar to the $π$-convergence of Papasoglu and Swenson and as a consequence we obtain a new north-south dynamics result on the contracting boundary. We additionally investigate the topological properties of the contracting boundary and we find necessary and sufficient conditions for $G$ to be $δ$-hyperbolic. We prove that if the contracting boundary is compact, locally compact or metrizable, then $G$ is $δ$-hyperbolic.
description: Fixed some minor errors. 25 pages, 7 figures
Near-field thermal electromagnetic transport: An overview
Creators: name: Edalatpour, Sheila
name: DeSutter, John
name: Francoeur, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general near-field thermal electromagnetic transport formalism that is independent of the size, shape and number of heat sources is derived. The formalism is based on fluctuational electrodynamics, where fluctuating currents due to thermal agitation are added to Maxwell's curl equations, and is thus valid for heat sources in local thermodynamic equilibrium. Using a volume integral formulation, it is shown that the proposed formalism is a generalization of the classical electromagnetic scattering framework in which thermal emission is implicitly assumed to be negligible. The near-field thermal electromagnetic transport formalism is afterwards applied to a problem involving three spheres with size comparable to the wavelength, where all multipolar interactions are taken into account. Using the thermal discrete dipole approximation, it is shown that depending on the dielectric function, the presence of a third sphere slightly affects the spatial distribution of power absorbed compared to the two-sphere case. A transient analysis shows that despite a non-uniform spatial distribution of power absorbed, the sphere temperature remains spatially uniform at any instant due to the fact that the thermal resistance by conduction is much smaller than the resistance by radiation. The formalism proposed in this paper is general, and could be used as a starting point for adapting solution methods employed in traditional electromagnetic scattering problems to near-field thermal electromagnetic transport.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus nsp9 Dimerization Is Essential for Efficient Viral Growth
Creators: name: Donaldson, Eric F.
name: Mikinis, Zachary J.
name: Rimmer, Ryan A.
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Umland, Timothy C.
name: Schultz, L. Wayne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) devotes a significant portion of its genome to producing nonstructural proteins required for viral replication. SARS-CoV nonstructural protein 9 (nsp9) was identified as an essential protein with RNA/DNA-binding activity, and yet its biological function within the replication complex remains unknown. Nsp9 forms a dimer through the interaction of parallel α-helices containing the protein-protein interaction motif GXXXG. In order to study the role of the nsp9 dimer in viral reproduction, residues G100 and G104 at the helix interface were targeted for mutation. Multi-angle light scattering measurements indicated that G100E, G104E, and G104V mutants are monomeric in solution, thereby disrupting the dimer. However, electrophoretic mobility assays revealed that the mutants bound RNA with similar affinity. Further experiments using fluorescence anisotropy showed a 10-fold reduction in RNA binding in the G100E and G104E mutants, whereas the G104V mutant had only a 4-fold reduction. The structure of G104E nsp9 was determined to 2.6-Å resolution, revealing significant changes at the dimer interface. The nsp9 mutations were introduced into SARS-CoV using a reverse genetics approach, and the G100E and G104E mutations were found to be lethal to the virus. The G104V mutant produced highly debilitated virus and eventually reverted back to the wild-type protein sequence through a codon transversion. Together, these data indicate that dimerization of SARS-CoV nsp9 at the GXXXG motif is not critical for RNA binding but is necessary for viral replication.
Towards an improved understanding of $η\to γ^* γ^*$
Creators: name: Holz, S.
name: Plenter, J.
name: Xiao, C. W.
name: Dato, T.
name: Hanhart, C.
name: Kubis, B.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
name: Wirzba, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that high-quality data on the reaction $e^+e^-\to π^+π^-η$ will allow one to determine the doubly-virtual form factor $η\to γ^*γ^*$ in a model-independent way with controlled accuracy. This is an important step towards a reliable evaluation of the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. When analyzing the existing data for $e^+e^-\toπ^+π^-η$ for total energies squared $k^2>1\text{GeV}^2$, we demonstrate that the effect of the $a_2$ meson provides a natural breaking mechanism for the commonly employed factorization ansatz in the doubly-virtual form factor $F_{ηγ^*γ^*}(q^2,k^2)$. However, better data are needed to draw firm conclusions.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures; v2: major revision - author list extended, treatment of the left-hand cut corrected, discussion and references updated; v3: version published in EPJC
Push button reproduction attempt of a research claim from O’Brien, T. L., & Noy, S. (2015), in American Sociological Review
Creators: name: Talbert, Eli
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Although the post-secular perspective entails high levels of science knowledge as well as favorable views of science and religion, when scientific and religious perspectives conflict (e.g. evolution), the post-secular latent class almost unanimously aligned their views with particular religious accounts. This reflects the following statement from the paper's abstract: "Overall, most individuals favor either scientific or religious ways of understanding, but many scientifically inclined individuals prefer certain religious accounts." Participants’ responses to the General Social Survey (GSS) were submitted to a latent class analysis that resulted in a three-class solution characterized as representing traditional, modern, and post-secular perspectives on science and religion. Following this assignment, two-tailed t-tests were used to compare responses between the three groups; for the purposes of the SCORE project, the focal test is the comparison between the Traditional and Post-Secular groups on the question concerning evolution (‘Human beings developed from earlier species of animals’, yes or no). Members of the post-secular category were significantly less likely than members of the traditional group to respond that humans evolved from other animals (3 percent, significant at p < 0.05 on a two-tailed test, see Table 2, rightmost column). The focal test in the original paper is: Members of the post-secular category were significantly less likely than members of the traditional group to respond that humans evolved from other animals (3 percent, significant at p < 0.05 on a two-tailed test, see Table 2, rightmost column).
Supplementary document for The reflective optical analog computing system based on cholesteric liquid crystal - 6170893.pdf
Creators: name: Zeng, Tibin
name: Xie, Jin
name: Zhou, Yingjie
name: Fan, Fan
name: Wen, Shuangchun
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: the theory of the optical analog computing
PENGARUH TERAPI MUROTTAL AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN IBU MENGHADAPI PERSALINAN DI RUMAH SAKIT SITI KHADIJAH III MAKASSAR
Creators: name: Kamaruddin, Mudyawati
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Anxiety level
subject: Murottal Al-Qur'an,
subject: Therapy

description: Terapi murottal Al-Qur’an menjadi bagian dari terapi musik (karena murottal Al-Qur’an dapat diartikansebagai rekaman suara Al-Qur’an yang dilagukan oleh seorang Qori’(pembaca Al-Qur’an). Murottal AlQur’an juga menjadi terapi spiritualitas karena membuat individu mengingat Allah SWT. Kepercayaanspiritual memainkan peranan penting dalam mengahadapi kecemasan persalinan. Beberapa penelitiantelah menunjukkan pengurangan rasa nyeri dan penurunan kecemasan padapasien. Tujuan dalampenelitian ini adalah untuk mencari Pengaruh Terapi Murottal Al-Qur’an Terhadap Tingkat KecemasanIbu Menghadapi Persalinan di RSIA Siti Khadijah III Makassar. Metode Penelitian dilaksanakan padabulan Mei 2018 di RSIA Siti Khadijah III Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan QuasyEksperiment. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu inpartu diperoleh sampel sebanyak 30orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 30 jumlah responden, berdasarkan pretest tingkatkecemasan kelompok perlakuan sebelum diberikan terapi murottal Al-Qur’an menunjukkan bahwajumlah responden dengan kecemasan ringan sebesar 20, 0%, kecemasan tingkat sedang dan berat masingmasing sebesar 33, 3% dan 46, 7%. Berdasarkan postest tingkat kecemasan kelompok perlakuan setelahdiberikan terapi murottal Al-Qur’an menunjukkan bahwa jumlah responden dengan kecemasan ringansebesar 56, 7%, kecemasan sedang dan berat sebesar 36, 7% dan 6, 7%. Ada pengaruh pemberian terapimurottal Al-Qur’an terhadap tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil dengan nilai p= 0,000 yang berarti Ho ditolakdan Ha diterima.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Papain-Like Protease Ubiquitin-Like Domain and Catalytic Domain Regulate Antagonism of IRF3 and NF- B Signaling
Creators: name: Ratia, Kiira
name: Mesecar, Andrew D.
name: Frieman, Matthew
name: Johnston, Robert E.
name: Baric, Ralph S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The outcome of a viral infection is regulated in part by the complex coordination of viral and host interactions that compete for the control and optimization of virus replication. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) intimately engages and regulates the host innate immune responses during infection. Using a novel interferon (IFN) antagonism screen, we show that the SARS-CoV proteome contains several replicase, structural, and accessory proteins that antagonize the IFN pathway. In this study, we focus on the SARS-CoV papain-like protease (PLP), which engages and antagonizes the IFN induction and NF-κB signaling pathways. PLP blocks these pathways by affecting activation of the important signaling proteins in each pathway, IRF3 and NF-κB. We also show that the ubiquitin-like domain of PLP is necessary for pathway antagonism but not sufficient by itself to block these pathways regardless of the enzymatic activity of the protease. The potential mechanism of PLP antagonism and its role in pathogenesis are discussed.
Smart Cities Around The World
Creators: name: Skou, Maria
name: Echsner-Rasmussen, Nicklas
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2016

description: Just like cities are not made up by the bricks but by its inhabitants, Smart Cities are much more than fast internet connection, big data, and interlinked applications. The key is to set the human – both as a user and citizen – at the core of the smart solutions, and keep the local context firmly in mind in order to gain most from the technology. Smart Cities has been a buzzword for a number of years, and it is stated to contain endless opportunities for growth and welfare. Although full-scale Smart Cities and real market opportunities are only emerging slowly, it is an area that not only Denmark seeks to exploit and benefit from; it is also an area within which Denmark has better conditions for excelling than most other countries. In order to unleash the Danish potential, develop, and capitalize from smart city technologies it is paramount that we understand how the rest of the world positions itself in relation to what it means to be a smart and digital city, and where the synergies with Danish strongholds are to be found. The Innovation Centre Denmark is located in six of the biggest and most technology oriented mega hubs in the world: Silicon Valley, Shanghai, Munich, Sao Paolo, New Delhi and Seoul. We have spent some time investigating how smart cities develop, which policies are implemented and who the major stakeholders are. This article will outline some trends and policies taking a point of departure in American, South Korean and German projects and decisions.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 14 No 25 (2015): Smart City and Spatial Data
Towards smart city democracy
Creators: name: Vestergaard, Lasse Steenbock
name: Fernandes, João
name: Presser, Mirko Alexander
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2016

description: In this article we discuss the current state of smart cities from a technological perspective. We argue that smart city developments are in a state of transition going from being technology focused to now putting emphasis on humans living in the cities. The transition is still latent in the smart city deployments, and we argue that quite a few existing, and new smart city deployments are still relying on the old technology-focused approach to smart cities. We elaborate our own experiences in this particular field, and provide two concrete cases on how we are approaching citizen empowered smart city technologies. Finally, we discuss how smart city technologies should respond to citizen needs.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 14 No 25 (2015): Smart City and Spatial Data
A Live Attenuated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Is Immunogenic and Efficacious in Golden Syrian Hamsters
Creators: name: DeDiego, Marta L.
name: Subbarao, Kanta
name: Baric, Ralph
name: Roberts, Anjeanette
name: Zaki, Sherif R.
name: Shieh, Wun-Ju
name: Alvarez, Enrique
name: Lamirande, Elaine W.
name: Enjuanes, Luis
name: Jackson, Jadon P.
name: Sheahan, Tim
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine consisting of a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus lacking the E gene (rSARS-CoV-ΔE) were studied using hamsters. Hamsters immunized with rSARS-CoV-ΔE developed high serum-neutralizing antibody titers and were protected from replication of homologous (SARS-CoV Urbani) and heterologous (GD03) SARS-CoV in the upper and lower respiratory tract. rSARS-CoV-ΔE-immunized hamsters remained active following wild-type virus challenge, while mock-immunized hamsters displayed decreased activity. Despite being attenuated in replication in the respiratory tract, rSARS-CoV-ΔE is an immunogenic and efficacious vaccine in hamsters.
Environmental dependence of galaxy properties using marked statistics
Creators: name: Sureshkumar, Unnikrishnan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: large-scale structure of Universe
galaxies: statistics
galaxies: formation
galaxies: evolution
cosmology: observations

description: Galaxies live in dark matter haloes and hence the galaxy properties are majorly defined by the properties of the haloes. Thus the environmental dependence of dark matter halo properties prompts a correlation between galaxy properties and the environment. More insights into these environmental correlations are crucial for the better understanding of the galaxy formation. The objective of this thesis is to explore the environmental dependence of galaxy properties using robust statistical tools on galaxies from redshift surveys and simulations. We study the environmental dependence of luminosities in optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared bands, as well as stellar mass and star formation rate. For that, we use a set of galaxy samples from the GAMA and SDSS galaxy surveys and the cosmoDC2 mock galaxy catalogue. We measure two-point correlation function and marked correlation function using the above-mentioned properties as marks. Using these measurements, we show which among the properties is the strongest tracer of the environment in which the galaxies live. We also demonstrate which photometric passband best serves as a proxy for stellar mass and star formation rate in the absence thereof. In this thesis, we also test whether the survey flux limit influences the clustering results. Furthermore, we verify how well the cosmoDC2 mock catalogue - the state-of-the-art mock catalogue prepared to mimic the galaxy and large-scale structure properties in the future Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) - reproduces the environmental dependence of galaxy properties observed in GAMA and we find significant discrepancies.
description: Submitted on 16 June 2022; Defended on 8 November 2022
Making Digital Elevation ModelsAccessible, Comprehensible, and Engaging through Real-Time Visualization
Creators: name: Kjeldsen, Thomas
name: Mikkelsen, Peter Trier
name: Mosegaard, Jesper
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2016

description: In this paper we present our initial experiments with the new high quality digital elevation model, “Danmarks Højdemodel-2015” (DHM) exposed as an interactive 3D visualization on web and in virtual reality. We argue that such data has great opportunities to spawn new business and new insight for the individual citizen if it is accessible, comprehensible and engaging.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 14 No 25 (2015): Smart City and Spatial Data
BIM & GIS Connectivity paves the way for really Smart Cities
Creators: name: Månsson, Ulf
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2016

description: We now see several good examples of Smart City and Geodesign initiatives around the world. They often depend on BIM & GIS data. However, interoperability is a challenge that must be adressed in a more efficient way. So what is required to take the leap from good examples to broad and mainstream application in urban and regional development? In this article I describe some key success factors for this development, and outline important challenges. I also touch on the V-Con innovation project addressing these challenges.
description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 14 No 25 (2015): Smart City and Spatial Data