cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Infinite-Dimensional Frobenius Manifolds for 2+1 Integrable Systems
Creators: name: Carlet, Guido
name: Dubrovin, Boris
name: Mertens, Luca Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a structure of an infinite-dimensional Frobenius manifold on a subspace in the space of pairs of functions analytic inside/outside the unit circle with simple poles at 0/infinity respectively. The dispersionless 2D Toda equations are embedded into a bigger integrable hierarchy associated with this Frobenius manifold.
description: 29 pages; to appear in Math. Ann
Отголоски былинной традиции в воронежском фольклоре
Creators: name: Пухова Татьяна Федоровна
Publisher: name: Сборник научных статей «Всероссийский конгресс фольклористов»
Year: 2020
Subjects: былина
небылица
духовный стих
традиция

description: Проблема происхождения фольклорной традиции того или иного жанра, а также связанная с этим проблема происхождения сюжета фольклорного произведения всегда волновали фольклористов. Ценный материал в этом плане дает творчество известных воронежских сказочниц А. К. Барышниковой (Куприянихи) (1868–1954), А. Н. Корольковой (1892–1984), знатока воронежской песни, организатора народного хора П. Е. Пятницкого (1864–1927). В статье показано, как традиционный жанр русского фольклора — былина — преобразовался в записях Куприянихи и М. Е. Пятницкого в другие жанры фольклора: детские песенки, небылицу, духовный стих.
Orbit Determination with the two-body Integrals
Creators: name: Gronchi, Giovanni Federico
name: Dimare, Linda
name: Milani, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a method to compute a finite set of preliminary orbits for solar system bodies using the first integrals of the Kepler problem. This method is thought for the applications to the modern sets of astrometric observations, where often the information contained in the observations allows only to compute, by interpolation, two angular positions of the observed body and their time derivatives at a given epoch; we call this set of data attributable. Given two attributables of the same body at two different epochs we can use the energy and angular momentum integrals of the two-body problem to write a system of polynomial equations for the topocentric distance and the radial velocity at the two epochs. We define two different algorithms for the computation of the solutions, based on different ways to perform elimination of variables and obtain a univariate polynomial. Moreover we use the redundancy of the data to test the hypothesis that two attributables belong to the same body (linkage problem). It is also possible to compute a covariance matrix, describing the uncertainty of the preliminary orbits which results from the observation error statistics. The performance of this method has been investigated by using a large set of simulated observations of the Pan-STARRS project.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure
Эпос эвенов в СМИ
Creators: name: Петрова Валентина Алексеевна
Publisher: name: Сборник научных статей «Всероссийский конгресс фольклористов»
Year: 2020
Subjects: медийное пространство
эвены
эвенский эпос (нимкан)
песенно-прозаический эпос

description: Эвены — один из малочисленных народов Севера. Возможно, именно благодаря кочевому образу жизни они сохраняют до настоящего времени свою духовную культуру, хотя за последнее столетие многое изменилось. В данной статье рассматривается эпическая традиция эвенов с целью демонстрации того, каким образом традиция исполнения эпоса бытует в духовной культуре народа и трансформируется во времени и исполнительской среде. Известно, что эвенский эпос обладал развитой специализацией исполнения. Исполнение эпоса было приурочено к определенному месту и времени и было привязано к годовому циклу. Современное состояние эпической традиции позволяет говорить о наличии закономерных трансформаций при сохранении основ традиционного исполнительства. Сохранению эпоса не только эвенов, но и других народов поможет популяризация через СМИ (как это делается в авторской радиопередаче «Голоса тундры и тайги» на радио «Россия»).
Tailoring the Curing Kinetics of NBR-Based Rubber Compounds for Additive Manufacturing of Rod Seals
Creators: name: Sundermann, Lion
name: Leineweber, Sebastian
name: Klie, Benjamin
name: Wittek, Heike
name: Ebel, Thomas
name: Reitz, Birger
name: Ottink, Kathrin
name: Graf, Matthias
name: Lankenau, Tobias
name: Overmeyer, Ludger
name: Giese, Ulrich
Publisher: name: London : Hindawi
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Accident prevention
subject: Additives
subject: Crosslinking
subject: Industrial research
subject: O rings
subject: Reinforced plastics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::660 | Technische Chemie

description: The additive manufacturing (AM) of elastomeric parts based on high-viscosity reinforced rubbers has increasingly become a topic of scientific research in recent years. In addition to the viscosity, which is several decades higher during processing than the viscosities of thermoplastics, the flowability of the compound after the printing process and the necessary chemical crosslinking of the printed component play a decisive role in producing an elastic, high-quality, and geometrically stable part. After the first technological achievements using the so-called additive manufacturing of elastomers (AME) process, the knowledge gained has to be transferred first to concrete industrial parts. Therefore, in this study, the cure kinetics of a conventional rubber compound are tailored to match the specific requirements for scorch safety in the additive manufacturing of an industrial 2-component rod seal based on an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber O-ring in combination with a thermoplastic polyurethane as the base body. Experimental tests on a test rig for rod seals demonstrate the functionality of this additively manufactured 2-component rod seal.
Evaluation of a Sr+ 88 Optical Clock with a Direct Measurement of the Blackbody Radiation Shift and Determination of the Clock Frequency
Creators: name: Steinel, M.
name: Shao, H.
name: Filzinger, M.
name: Lipphardt, B.
name: Brinkmann, M.
name: Didier, A.
name: Mehlstäubler, T. E.
name: Lindvall, T.
name: Peik, E.
name: Huntemann, N.
Publisher: name: College Park, Md. : APS
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic clocks
subject: Optical variables measurement
subject: Temperature measurement
subject: Uncertainty analysis
subject: Black body radiation
subject: Blackbody radiation shift
subject: Clock frequency
subject: Direct measurement
subject: Effective temperature
subject: Frequency shift
subject: Measurements of
subject: Optical clocks
subject: Shift-and
subject: Uncertainty
subject: Ions
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We report on an evaluation of an optical clock that uses the S21/2→D25/2 transition of a single Sr+88 ion as the reference. In contrast to previous work, we estimate the effective temperature of the blackbody radiation that shifts the reference transition directly during operation from the corresponding frequency shift and the well-characterized sensitivity to thermal radiation. We measure the clock output frequency against an independent Yb+171 ion clock, based on the S21/2(F=0)→F27/2(F=3) electric octupole (E3) transition, and determine the frequency ratio with a total fractional uncertainty of 2.3×10-17. Relying on a previous measurement of the Yb+171 (E3) clock frequency, we find the absolute frequency of the Sr+88 clock transition to be 444 779 044 095 485.277(59) Hz. Our result reduces the uncertainty by a factor of 3 compared with the previously most accurate measurement and may help to resolve so far inconsistent determinations of this value. We also show that for three simultaneously interrogated Sr+88 ions, the increased number causes the expected improvement of the short-term frequency instability of the optical clock without degrading its systematic uncertainty.
Semiclassical Methods for Hawking Radiation from a Vaidya Black Hole
Creators: name: Siahaan, Haryanto M.
name: Triyanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the general form of Hawking temperature for Vaidya black hole in the tunneling pictures. This kind of black hole is regarded as the description of a more realistic one since it's time dependent decreasing mass due to the evaporation process. Clearly, the temperature would be time dependent as our findings. We use the semiclassical methods, namely radial null geodesic and complex paths methods. Both methods are found to give the same results. Then, we discuss the possible form of corresponding entropy.
description: REVTeX 4, 11 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in IJMPA; v2: eq.5 is corrected
Redeveloping Courses for Online Learning: A Short Paper for Sharing Ideas
Creators: name: Morrison-Love, David
name: Patrick, Fiona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Education

description: This document sets out guidance on the re-design of courses from face-to-face teaching to online asynchronous and synchronous1 learning in response to the circumstances of Covid-19. We created these guidelines to help us in our thinking before we began to re-develop the courses we lead. In our case, these courses were hosted on the university virtual learning environment (VLE).
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae reveals conformational changes upon cofactor binding
Creators: name: Hamid, Rawia
name: Adam, Sebastian
name: Lacour, Antoine
name: Monjas, Leticia
name: Köhnke, Jesko
name: Hirsch, Anna K.H.
Publisher: name: Bethesda, Md. : ASBMB Publications
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase
subject: conformational changes
subject: DXPS
subject: Klebsiella pneumonia
subject: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
subject: X-ray crystallography
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The ESKAPE bacteria are the six highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant pathogens that require the most urgent attention for the development of novel antibiotics. Detailed knowledge of target proteins specific to bacteria is essential to develop novel treatment options. The methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway, which is absent in humans, represents a potentially valuable target for the development of novel antibiotics. Within the MEP pathway, the enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXPS) catalyzes a crucial, rate-limiting first step and a branch point in the biosynthesis of the vitamins B1 and B6. We report the high-resolution crystal structures of DXPS from the important ESKAPE pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae in both the co-factor-bound and the apo forms. We demonstrate that the absence of the cofactor thiamine diphosphate results in conformational changes that lead to disordered loops close to the active site that might be important for the design of potent DXPS inhibitors. Collectively, our results provide important structural details that aid in the assessment of DXPS as a potential target in the ongoing efforts to combat antibiotic resistance.
X-ray emission from dense plasma in CTTSs: Hydrodynamic modeling of the accretion shock
Creators: name: Sacco, G. G.
name: Argiroffi, C.
name: Orlando, S.
name: Maggio, A.
name: Peres, G.
name: Reale, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High spectral resolution X-ray observations of CTTSs demonstrate the presence of plasma at T~2-3X10^6 K and n_e~10^11-10^13 cm^-3, unobserved in non-accreting stars. Stationary models suggest that this emission is due to shock-heated accreting material, but they do not allow to analyze the stability of such material and its position in the stellar atmosphere. We investigate the dynamics and the stability of shock-heated accreting material in CTTSs and the role of the stellar chromosphere in determining the position and the thickness of the shocked region. We perform 1-D HD simulations of the impact of the accretion flow onto chromosphere of a CTTS, including the effects of gravity, radiative losses from optically thin plasma, thermal conduction and a well tested detailed model of the stellar chromosphere. Here we present the results of a simulation based on the parameters of the CTTS MP Mus. We find that the accretion shock generates an hot slab of material above the chromosphere with a maximum thickness of 1.8X10^9 cm, density n_e~10^11-10^2 cm^-3, temperature T~3X10^6 K and uniform pressure equal to the ram pressure of the accretion flow (~450 dyn cm^-2). The base of the shocked region penetrates the chromosphere and stays where the ram pressure is equal to the thermal pressure. The system evolves with quasi-periodic instabilities of the material in the slab leading to cyclic disappearance and re-formation of the slab. For an accretion rate of ~10^-10 M_sun yr^-1, the shocked region emits a time-averaged X-ray luminosity L_X~7X10^29 erg s^-1, which is comparable to the X-ray luminosity observed in CTTSs of the same mass. Furthermore, the X-ray spectrum synthesized from the simulation matches in detail all the main features of the O VIII and O VII lines of the star MP Mus.
description: Accepted for publication as a Letter in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Photochemistry of cis, cis-cyclodeca-3,8-diene-1,6-dione
Creators: name: Lungle, Melvin Leroy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In order to extend the study of medium-sized ring compounds, cis,cis-cyclodeca-3,8-diene-l,6-dione was synthesized by known methods and photolyzed. By monitoring the photolysis by glpc and tlc, it was evident that the initial photochemical reaction of cis , cis-cyclodeca -3 ,8-diene-1,6-dione was photoisotnerization to cis , trans-cyclodeca-3,8-diene-1,6-dione, which then underwent intramolecular cycloaddition in a second photochemical step to give cis, anti, cis-tricyclo[5.3.0.0²,⁶]-decane-4,9-dione. To show that the observed photoproduct was formed primarily by a secondary photolytic reaction, the cis, trans-cyclodeca-3 ,8-diene-1,6-dione was photolyzed to give cis, anti, cis-tricyclo[5.3.0.0²,⁶] decane-4,9-dione as the only product. Further evidence in support of the two-step reaction hypothesis was obtained by a kinetic study of the cis, cis-cyc1odeca-3,8-diene-1,6-dione photolysis. Two plausible mechanistic routes for the above photolysis are discussed in terms of the observed intermediate. These mechanistic pathways are then compared to the routes established for other β,ɤ- unsaturated ketone photolyses.
Properties of multi-particle Green and vertex functions within Keldysh formalism
Creators: name: Jakobs, Severin G.
name: Pletyukhov, Mikhail
name: Schoeller, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The increasing interest in nonequilibrium effects in condensed matter theory motivates the adaption of diverse equilibrium techniques to Keldysh formalism. For methods based on multi-particle Green or vertex functions this involves a detailed knowledge of the real-time properties of those functions. In this paper, we derive general properties of fermionic and bosonic multi-particle Green and vertex functions for a stationary state described within Keldysh formalism. Special emphasis is put on the analytic properties associated with causality and on a detailed discussion of the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger conditions which characterise thermal equilibrium. Finally we describe how diagrammatic approximations and approximations within the functional renormalisation group approach respect these properties.
description: [v3] - typos corrected, added journal reference
Electron spin resonance of X- and Y- irradiated potassium difluoromalonate and electron paramagnetic resonance of copper (II) complex with trifluoroacetate ligands
Creators: name: Mustafa, Mohammed Rafi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In Part I of this thesis an irradiated single crystal of dipotassium difluoromalonate monohydrate has been studied by Electron Spin Resonance. On X-irradiation the crystal yields CF(COO¯)2 radical with a highly anisotropic hyperfine tensor, characteristic of a (19)F nucleus. In addition, some other lines were also observed which were too weak to be analyzed. On γ-irradiation, the crystal yields mainly the same radical in addition to two types of CF(2)COO¯ radicals. In one type, the carboxyl group was found to be nearly coplanar with the CF(2) fragment while in the other, it was nearly perpendicular. A broad central line in each spectrum indicated also the possibility of the presence of CO(2)¯ radical. An unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculation, using the approximation of Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap was carried out on a number of fluorinated radicals to correlate the (19)F hyperfine tensors obtained in the present study with those obtained previously. The theory was used to calculate the theoretical hyperfine tensors for various radicals and was found to give a reasonably good agreement with the experimental results. On this basis the hyperfine tensor for CHFCOO¯ radical was predicted. The calculation also showed that one of the carboxyl groups in CF(COO¯)2 radicals is co-planar with the radical plane while the other makes an angle of 85°. In Part II, a crystal of zinc trifluoroacetate dihydrate, containing small amounts of Cu++ has been studied at 77°K and it was found that the Cu++ ion resides in an approximately tetragonal environment with the ground state consisting of mainly d(z2) orbital which is coupled to d(x2)-(y2) orbital, perhaps through vibronic interactions. Also a solution of copper trifluoroacetate in trifluoroacetic acid was studied at room temperature and at 77°K and the results were interpreted by assuming a tetragonal symmetry with the ground state being pure d(x2)-(y2).
Analog of the spin-orbit induced anomalous Hall effect with quantized radiation
Creators: name: Larson, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how the term describing interaction between a single two-level atom and two cavity field modes may attain a Rashba form. As an outcome, cavity QED provides a testbed for studies of phenomena reminiscent of the spin-orbit induced anomalous Hall effect. The effective magnetic field, deriving from the non-Abelian gauge potentials rendered by the Rashba coupling, induces a transverse force acting on the phase space distributions. Thereby, the phase space distributions build up a transverse motion manifesting itself in spiral trajectories, rather than circular ones obtained for a zero magnetic field as one would acquire for the corresponding Abelian gauge potentials. Utilizing realistic experimental parameters, the phenomenon is numerically verified, ascertain that it should be realizable with current techniques.
description: 4 + epsilon pages, 2 figures
Additional file 6 of Tumor size as a significant prognostic factor in T1 gastric cancer: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database analysis
Creators: name: Xiao, Xueyan
name: Gao, Beibei
name: Pang, Suya
name: Wang, Zeyu
name: Jiang, Weiwei
name: Wang, Weijun
name: Lin, Rong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6: Supplementary table 4. C-index of clinicopathological factors in subgroup.
A polarizable interatomic force field for TiO$_2$ parameterized using density functional theory
Creators: name: Han, X. J.
name: Bergqvist, L.
name: Dederichs, P. H.
name: Müller-Krumbhaar, H.
name: Christie, J. K.
name: Scandolo, S.
name: Tangney, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a classical interatomic force field for TiO$_2$, which has been parameterized using density functional theory forces, energies, and stresses in the rutile crystal structure. The reliability of this new classical potential is tested by evaluating the structural properties, equation of state, phonon properties, thermal expansion, and some thermodynamic quantities such as entropy, free energy, and specific heat under constant volume. The good agreement of our results with {\em ab initio} calculations and with experimental data, indicates that our force-field describes the atomic interactions of TiO$_2$ in the rutile structure very well. The force field can also describe the structures of the brookite and anatase crystals with good accuracy.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B; Changes from v1 include multiple minor revisions and a re-write of the description of the force field in Section II.
Sprinkler Head Revisited: Momentum, Forces, and Flows in Machian Propulsion
Creators: name: Jenkins, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many experimenters, starting with Ernst Mach in 1883, have reported that if a device alternately sucks in and then expels a surrounding fluid, it moves in the same direction as if it only expelled fluid. This surprising phenomenon, which we call "Machian propulsion," is explained by conservation of momentum: the outflow efficiently transfers momentum away from the device and into the surrounding medium, while the inflow can do so only by viscous diffusion. However, many previous theoretical discussions have focused instead on the difference in the shapes of the outflow and the inflow. Whereas the argument based on conservation is straightforward and complete, the analysis of the shapes of the flows is more subtle and requires conservation in the first place. Our discussion covers three devices that have usually been treated separately: the reverse sprinkler (also called the inverse, or Feynman sprinkler), the putt-putt boat, and the aspirating cantilever. We then briefly mention some applications of Machian propulsion, ranging from microengineering to astrophysics.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures. v4: Replaced to match version to appear in the European Journal of Physics. (Minor improvements to presentation, added hyperlinks for references.)
Additional file 7 of Tumor size as a significant prognostic factor in T1 gastric cancer: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database analysis
Creators: name: Xiao, Xueyan
name: Gao, Beibei
name: Pang, Suya
name: Wang, Zeyu
name: Jiang, Weiwei
name: Wang, Weijun
name: Lin, Rong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 7: Supplementary figure 3. Survival analysis of CSS and OS stratified by tumor size.
Fluctuations relations for semiclassical single-mode laser
Creators: name: Chetrite, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over last decades, the study of laser fluctuations has shown that laser theory may be regarded as a prototypical example of a nonlinear nonequilibrium problem. The present paper discusses the fluctuation relations, recently derived in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, in the context of the semiclassical laser theory.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Half-metallic Antiferromagnet BaCrFeAs2
Creators: name: Hu, Shu-Jun
name: Hu, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First-principles calculations and a tight-binding analysis predict that the iron-pnictide BaCrFeAs2 is a promising candidate for half-metallic material with fully-compensated magnetization. The transition-metal ions Cr and Fe prefer the three-dimensional intervening lattice, which yields the antiferromagnetic order of spin orientations. Due to the difference between Cr and Fe in the electronegativity, a band gap is opened at the Fermi level in the spin channel in which Fe provides the majority carriers. The selective hybridization between 3d orbitals of Cr and As:4p states due to the peculiar lattice structure of the iron-pnictide is shown to be crucial for the novel properties.
description: added references
Chemiluminescence of acridinium salts
Creators: name: Richardson, Donald George
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A series of 9-substituted methylacridinium salts have been devised, chemiluminescent in alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions. Their relative light intensities correspond to the expected order of reactivity with the nucleophilic hydroperoxide anion, and the mechanistic evidence is consistent with the requirement for a four-membered cyclic peroxide intermediate as the direct precursor to chemiluminescence. In every case, the actual emitter is N-methyl-acridone, λ max 442 mμ The brightest compounds are a series of substituted phenyl esters. They have large rate differences (with a Hammett dependence) but have equal quantum yields, equivalent to that of the closely-related "classical" light producer, lucigenin.
Controlling and enhancing THz collective electron dynamics in superlattices by chaos-assisted miniband transport
Creators: name: Greenaway, M. T.
name: Balanov, A. G.
name: Schoell, E.
name: Fromhold, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a tilted magnetic field transforms the structure and THz dynamics of charge domains in a biased semiconductor superlattice. At critical field values, strong coupling between the Bloch and cyclotron motion of a miniband electron triggers chaotic delocalization of the electron orbits, causing strong resonant enhancement of their drift velocity. This dramatically affects the collective electron behavior by inducing multiple propagating charge domains and GHz-THz current oscillations with frequencies ten times higher than with no tilted field.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Simplified models for photohadronic interactions in cosmic accelerators
Creators: name: Hümmer, Svenja
name: Rüger, Michael
name: Spanier, Felix
name: Winter, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss simplified models for photo-meson production in cosmic accelerators, such as Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma-Ray Bursts. Our self-consistent models are directly based on the underlying physics used in the SOPHIA software, and can be easily adapted if new data are included. They allow for the efficient computation of neutrino and photon spectra (from pi^0 decays), as a major requirement of modern time-dependent simulations of the astrophysical sources and parameter studies. In addition, the secondaries (pions and muons) are explicitely generated, a necessity if cooling processes are to be included. For the neutrino production, we include the helicity dependence of the muon decays which in fact leads to larger corrections than the details of the interaction model. The separate computation of the pi^0, pi^+, and pi^- fluxes allows, for instance, for flavor ratio predictions of the neutrinos at the source, which are a requirement of many tests of neutrino properties using astrophysical sources. We confirm that for charged pion generation, the often used production by the Delta(1232)-resonance is typically not the dominant process in Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma-Ray Bursts, and we show, for arbitrary input spectra, that the number of neutrinos are underestimated by at least a factor of two if they are obtained from the neutral to charged pion ratio. We compare our results for several levels of simplification using isotropic synchrotron and thermal spectra, and we demonstrate that they are sufficiently close to the SOPHIA software.
description: Treatment of high energy interactions refined, additional black body benchmark added (v2), some references corrected (v3). A Mathematica notebook which illustrates the implementation of one model can be found at http://theorie.physik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~winter/Resources/AstroModel/Sim-B.html . 46 pages, 14 (color) figures, 7 tables. Final version, accepted for publication in ApJ
Renormalization group maps for Ising models in lattice gas variables
Creators: name: Kennedy, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B28 (Primary), 82B20, 82B80 (Secondary)

description: Real space renormalization group maps, e.g., the majority rule transformation, map Ising type models to Ising type models on a coarser lattice. We show that each coefficient of the renormalized Hamiltonian in the lattice gas variables depends on only a finite number of values of the renormalized Hamiltonian. We introduce a method which computes the values of the renormalized Hamiltonian with high accuracy and so computes the coefficients in the lattice gas variables with high accuracy. For the critical nearest neighbor Ising model on the square lattice with the majority rule transformation, we compute over 1,000 different coefficients in the lattice gas variable representation of the renormalized Hamiltonian and study the decay of these coefficients. We find that they decay exponentially in some sense but with a slow decay rate. We also show that the coefficients in the spin variables are sensitive to the truncation method used to compute them.
description: 22 pages, 9 color postscript figures; minor revisions in version 2
Analysis of Students’ Motivation in Learning English at Senior High Schools
Creators: name: Wagiyo, Supiah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Education

description:   The problems of the research concerned with the senior high school students’ motivation in learning English. The study would like to find out the kinds of motivations they have and which kinds of motivation dominate them; integrative or instrumental motivation. The respondents of this study were sixty students of senior high schools in Pangkalpinang and nearby who enrolled in English Education Study Program in academic year 2013-2014. This study used quantitative as well as descriptive method and is designed to find out some information from actual condition. Then, a set of questions or questionnaire was used to collect the data and then analyzed and computed the answers of the respondents to find out the value and mean value of each kind of motivation. Based on the result of the study, the researcher found that most of the students have little motivation in learning English. They tend to have instrumental motivation. They have enough self-confidence in understanding oral communication, reading, writing, and speaking but the aspect of culture is less exposed in English language learning. The teachers of English should use the students’ own motives for joining the course, encourage students to be active in the class by giving chance to suggest or giving opinion to solve problems in an experiment activity for instance, ask the students what type of teaching and learning which motivate them most and what kinds of classes which are not motivated them, encourage students to focus on their improvement not only grade or examination. The students can do self-assessment of their own work and find out their strength and weaknesses, encourage the students to work
 cooperatively in groups without pressure, give feedback without judging their mistakes and errors. Then, give reward which can establish their self-confidence and competence later. Keyword: Student motivation, Instrumental motivation , Self confident
Variational approach for electrolyte solutions: from dielectric interfaces to charged nanopores
Creators: name: Buyukdagli, Sahin
name: Manghi, Manoel
name: Palmeri, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variational theory is developed to study electrolyte solutions, composed of interacting point-like ions in a solvent, in the presence of dielectric discontinuities and charges at the boundaries. Three important and non-linear electrostatic effects induced by these interfaces are taken into account: surface charge induced electrostatic field, solvation energies due to the ionic cloud, and image charge repulsion. Our variational equations thus go beyond the mean-field theory. The influence of salt concentration, ion valency, dielectric jumps, and surface charge is studied in two geometries. i) A single neutral air-water interface with an asymmetric electrolyte. A charge separation and thus an electrostatic field gets established due to the different image charge repulsions for coions and counterions. Both charge distributions and surface tension are computed and compared to previous approximate calculations. For symmetric electrolyte solutions close to a charged surface, two zones are characterized. In the first one, with size proportional to the logarithm of the coupling parameter, strong image forces impose a total ion exclusion, while in the second zone the mean-field approach applies. ii) A symmetric electrolyte confined between two dielectric interfaces as a simple model of ion rejection from nanopores. The competition between image charge repulsion and attraction of counterions by the membrane charge is studied. For small surface charge, the counterion partition coefficient decreases with increasing pore size up to a critical pore size, contrary to neutral membranes. For larger pore sizes, the whole system behaves like a neutral pore. The prediction of the variational method is also compared with MC simulations and a good agreement is observed.
description: This version is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E.
Additional file 3 of Tumor size as a significant prognostic factor in T1 gastric cancer: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database analysis
Creators: name: Xiao, Xueyan
name: Gao, Beibei
name: Pang, Suya
name: Wang, Zeyu
name: Jiang, Weiwei
name: Wang, Weijun
name: Lin, Rong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary table 2. Univariate and Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting CS.
A formal calculus on the Riordan near algebra
Creators: name: Poinsot, Laurent
name: Duchamp, Gérard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Riordan group is the semi-direct product of a multiplicative group of invertible series and a group, under substitution, of non units. The Riordan near algebra, as introduced in this paper, is the Cartesian product of the algebra of formal power series and its principal ideal of non units, equipped with a product that extends the multiplication of the Riordan group. The later is naturally embedded as a subgroup of units into the former. In this paper, we prove the existence of a formal calculus on the Riordan algebra. This formal calculus plays a role similar to those of holomorphic calculi in the Banach or Fréchet algebras setting, but without the constraint of a radius of convergence. Using this calculus, we define \emph{en passant} a notion of generalized powers in the Riordan group.
description: 29 p
Skew Invariant Theory of Symplectic Groups, Pluri-Hodge Groups and 3-Manifold Invariants
Creators: name: Thompson, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article deals with a number of topics which are, somewhat surprisingly, related. Firstly, the fundamental theorem of skew invariant theory for the symplectic group giving the generators and relations of symplectic invariants is established. The relations are the so called P_n relations which appear in the study of certain 3-manifold invariants. Next a class of cohomology groups are introduced, called Pluri-Hodge groups (somewhat in keeping with the notion of pluri-canonical groups). These are Dolbeault groups on a complex manifold X with values in tensor powers of sheaves of holomorphic forms of various degrees. By Riemann-Roch one shows that knowledge of the Pluri-Hodge groups gives precise formulae for all Chern numbers of the manifold. When X is holomorphic symplectic the Pluri-Hodge groups form representations of Sp(g) where g counts the number of tensor products. Still with X holomorphic symplectic, the Pluri-Hodge groups are vectors in the vector space H_g(X) of states in the topological field theory of Rozansky and Witten for a 3-manifold with boundary a Riemann surface of genus g. A formulation of the Murakami-Ohtsuki invariants, due to Sawon, allows us to show that quotients of the spaces of trivalent graphs B_g carry representations of the symplectic group. There is a weight system W_X: B_g -> H_g(X) and we show that W_X preserves the various symplectic group actions.
description: 28 pages
Wiener's 'closure of translates' problem and Piatetski-Shapiro's uniqueness phenomenon
Creators: name: Lev, Nir
name: Olevskii, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42A63 (Primary) 43A45, 47A16 (Secondary)

description: Wiener characterized the cyclic vectors (with respect to translations) in $l^p(Z)$ and $L^p(R)$, $p=1,2$, in terms of the zero set of the Fourier transform. He conjectured that a similar characterization should be true for $1
Observations on Integral and Continuous U-duality Orbits in N=8 Supergravity
Creators: name: Borsten, L.
name: Dahanayake, D.
name: Duff, M. J.
name: Ferrara, S.
name: Marrani, A.
name: Rubens, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: One would often like to know when two a priori distinct extremal black p-brane solutions are in fact U-duality related. In the classical supergravity limit the answer for a large class of theories has been known for some time. However, in the full quantum theory the U-duality group is broken to a discrete subgroup and the question of U-duality orbits in this case is a nuanced matter. In the present work we address this issue in the context of N=8 supergravity in four, five and six dimensions. The purpose of this note is to present and clarify what is currently known about these discrete orbits while at the same time filling in some of the details not yet appearing in the literature. To this end we exploit the mathematical framework of integral Jordan algebras and Freudenthal triple systems. The charge vector of the dyonic black string in D=6 is SO(5,5;Z) related to a two-charge reduced canonical form uniquely specified by a set of two arithmetic U-duality invariants. Similarly, the black hole (string) charge vectors in D=5 are E_{6(6)}(Z) equivalent to a three-charge canonical form, again uniquely fixed by a set of three arithmetic U-duality invariants. The situation in four dimensions is less clear: while black holes preserving more than 1/8 of the supersymmetries may be fully classified by known arithmetic E_{7(7)}(Z) invariants, 1/8-BPS and non-BPS black holes yield increasingly subtle orbit structures, which remain to be properly understood. However, for the very special subclass of projective black holes a complete classification is known. All projective black holes are E_{7(7)}(Z) related to a four or five charge canonical form determined uniquely by the set of known arithmetic U-duality invariants. Moreover, E_{7(7)}(Z) acts transitively on the charge vectors of black holes with a given leading-order entropy.
description: 43 pages, 8 tables; minor corrections, references added; version to appear in Class. Quantum Grav
Mechanism of pyrolysis of 3,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted 1-pyrazolines.
Creators: name: McKinley, James William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A series of tetrasubstituted 1-pyrazolines uniquely substituted at all three carbon centers has been prepared and decomposed thermally. The 1-pyrazolines in which three of the substituents occupy a pseudo equatorial position and the remaining substituent occupies a pseudo axial position give as the major product the cyclopropane with retention of configuration. On the other hand,the 1-pyrazolines in which two substituents are pseudo equatorial and two are pseudo axial give a random distribution of cyclopropanes. Evidence is presented that the former set of pyrazolines have a larger degree of folding between the two planes defined by C-3, C-4, C-5 and C-5, N-1, N-2, C-3. This suggests that the larger the degree of folding in the pyrazoline molecule the more stereospecificity there is. Two mechanisms are proposed to account for the cyclopropane formed with retention of configuration - one involving a concerted mechanism and the other involving an intermediate resembling a pyramidal diradical. In the case of one pair of C-5 isomeric pyrazolines, the pyrazoline in which three substituents are pseudo equatorial and one is pseudo axial gave 99% cyclopropane products whereas the C-5 isomer in which there are two substituents both equatorial and axial gave 67% olefin products. This supports the mechanism involving concerted migration of the hydrogen at C-4 that is trans to the leaving nitrogen.
Upstream reciprocity in heterogeneous networks
Creators: name: Iwagami, Akio
name: Masuda, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many mechanisms for the emergence and maintenance of altruistic behavior in social dilemma situations have been proposed. Indirect reciprocity is one such mechanism, where other-regarding actions of a player are eventually rewarded by other players with whom the original player has not interacted. The upstream reciprocity (also called generalized indirect reciprocity) is a type of indirect reciprocity and represents the concept that those helped by somebody will help other unspecified players. In spite of the evidence for the enhancement of helping behavior by upstream reciprocity in rats and humans, theoretical support for this mechanism is not strong. In the present study, we numerically investigate upstream reciprocity in heterogeneous contact networks, in which the players generally have different number of neighbors. We show that heterogeneous networks considerably enhance cooperation in a game of upstream reciprocity. In heterogeneous networks, the most generous strategy, by which a player helps a neighbor on being helped and in addition initiates helping behavior, first occupies hubs in a network and then disseminates to other players. The scenario to achieve enhanced altruism resembles that seen in the case of the Prisoner's Dilemma game in heterogeneous networks.
description: 10 figures, Journal of Theoretical Biology, in press (2010)
Gluon Thermodynamics at Intermediate Coupling
Creators: name: Andersen, Jens O.
name: Strickland, Michael
name: Su, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the thermodynamic functions of Yang-Mills theory to three-loop order using the hard-thermal-loop perturbation theory reorganization of finite temperature quantum field theory. We show that at three-loop order hard-thermal-loop perturbation theory is compatible with lattice results for the pressure, energy density, and entropy down to temperatures T ~ 2 - 3 T_c.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; v2 - published version.
On Brane Solutions Related to Non-Singular Kac-Moody Algebras
Creators: name: Ivashchuk, Vladimir D.
name: Melnikov, Vitaly N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multidimensional gravitational model containing scalar fields and antisymmetric forms is considered. The manifold is chosen in the form $M = M_0 \times M_1 \times \cdots \times M_n$, where $M_i$ are Einstein spaces ($i \geq 1$). The sigma-model approach and exact solutions with intersecting composite branes (e.g. solutions with harmonic functions, $S$-brane and black brane ones) with intersection rules related to non-singular Kac-Moody (KM) algebras (e.g. hyperbolic ones) are reviewed. Some examples of solutions, e.g. corresponding to hyperbolic KM algebras: $H_2(q,q)$, $AE_3$, $HA_2^{(1)}$, $E_{10}$ and Lorentzian KM algebra $P_{10}$ are presented.
Engineering complex topological memories from simple Abelian models
Creators: name: Wootton, James R.
name: Lahtinen, Ville
name: Doucot, Benoit
name: Pachos, Jiannis K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In three spatial dimensions, particles are limited to either bosonic or fermionic statistics. Two-dimensional systems, on the other hand, can support anyonic quasiparticles exhibiting richer statistical behaviours. An exciting proposal for quantum computation is to employ anyonic statistics to manipulate information. Since such statistical evolutions depend only on topological characteristics, the resulting computation is intrinsically resilient to errors. So-called non-Abelian anyons are most promising for quantum computation, but their physical realization may prove to be complex. Abelian anyons, however, are easier to understand theoretically and realize experimentally. Here we show that complex topological memories inspired by non-Abelian anyons can be engineered in Abelian models. We explicitly demonstrate the control procedures for the encoding and manipulation of quantum information in specific lattice models that can be implemented in the laboratory. This bridges the gap between requirements for anyonic quantum computation and the potential of state-of-the-art technology.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Annals of Physics