cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A hyper-parameterization method for comprehensive ocean models: Advection of the image point
Creators: name: Shevchenko, Igor
name: Berloff, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Idealized and comprehensive ocean models at low resolutions cannot reproduce nominally-resolved flow structures similar to those presented in the high-resolution solution. Although there are various underlying physical reasons for this, from the dynamical system point of view all these reasons manifest themselves as a low-resolution trajectory avoiding the phase space occupied by the reference solution (the high-resolution solution projected onto the coarse grid). In order to solve this problem, a set of hyper-parameterization methods has recently been proposed and successfully tested on idealized ocean models. In this work, for the first time we apply one of hyper-parameterization methods (Advection of the image point) to a comprehensive, rather than idealized, general circulation model of the North Atlantic. The results show that the hyper-parameterization method significantly improves a non-eddy-resolving solution towards the reference eddy-resolving solution by reproducing both the large- and small-scale features of the Gulf Stream flow. The proposed method is much faster than even a single run of the coarse-grid ocean model, requires no modification of the model, and is easy to implement. Moreover, the method can take not only the reference solution as input data but also real measurements from different sources (drifters, weather stations, etc.), or combination of both. All this offers a great flexibility to ocean modellers working with mathematical models and/or measurements.
title: The Mineral Content of Various Sections of Some Plants as Influenced by Conditions Associated with Lime-Induced Chlorosis
Creators: name: Var Petersen, Hyrum Del
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: The so-called "lime-induced" chlorosis has been recognized for many years as a problem where plants are grown on calcareous soils. The characteristics associated with lime-induced chlorosis are the same as those associated with iron deficiency chlorosis--interveinal yellowing of the leaves at the meristemic region combined with reduced vigor of the plant as a whole. Lime-induced chlorosis is unique in that the iron content of both chlorotic plant and the soil do not always show a deficiency in iron when chemically analyzed. This leads to the theory that iron is inactivated in both the soil and plant.
Although no single factor has been found to adequately explain this physiological disease, many factors have been associated with it. Thorne, Wann, and Robinson (1950) observed that calcareous soils characterized by fine texture, high moisture content, poor aeration, and cool temperatures intensify the development of chlorosis in plants. In general increased chlorosis has also been noted under conditions of high pH. The pH and phosphorus effects appear to involve reduced iron solubility in the soil and within the plant while the exact effects of the bicarbonate ion on chlorosis have not been established.
Constructible reality condition of pseudo entropy via pseudo-Hermiticity
Creators: name: Guo, Wu-zhong
name: He, Song
name: Zhang, Yu-Xuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a generalization of entanglement entropy, pseudo entropy is not always real. The real-valued pseudo entropy has promising applications in holography and quantum phase transition. We apply the notion of pseudo-Hermticity to formulate the reality condition of pseudo entropy. We find the general form of the transition matrix for which the eigenvalues of the reduced transition matrix possess real or complex pairs of eigenvalues. Further, we construct a class of transition matrices for which the pseudo (Rényi) entropies are non-negative. Some known examples which give real pseudo entropy in quantum field theories can be explained in our framework. Our results offer a novel method to generate the transition matrix with real pseudo entropy. Finally, we show the reality condition for pseudo entropy is related to the Tomita-Takesaki modular theory for quantum field theory.
description: 13+18 pages; v2: Minor changes, typos corrected and references added; v3: Added a new proposition (proposition 1) and modified the example in 2d free scalar. Match the published version
Competition in agriculture : a case study of a marketing board
Creators: name: Fredericks, Leo Jocelyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study had two purposes: to analyze and assess the use of the legal powers vested in the British Columbia Fruit Board and its marketing agency, B.C. Tree Fruits, Ltd., and secondly, to evaluate the impact of the formation of the marketing scheme upon supply, market structure and market procedure in the fruit industry. Against the background of the theories of competition, an analysis of marketing was made for apples, crab-apples, pears, peaches, plums, prunes, cherries and apricots for the I963 crop season. Data for the study were obtained from the records of the B.C. Fruit Board and B.C. Tree Fruits Ltd., the Dominion Bureau of Statistics and the Canada Department of Agriculture. For the analysis, the following components of the scheme were examined: the integrated structure of marketing, the methods of distributing sales returns and the policing powers of the Fruit Board; the use of supply regulation in regard to time, place and form; pricing policy and price differentiation procedures. The structure of the marketing scheme was found to be both a vertical and horizontal integration of growers, packers and shippers, canners and processors and the marketing agency. The pooling distribution of revenues constitutes an important aspect of the relationship between growers and the Fruit Board. Of the three methods currently used, the trend line pooling method seems to offer the best possibilities for an equitable distribution. The policing of the regulated area is within the jurisdiction of the Fruit Board. Policing is done to ensure that there are no illegal movements of regulated fruit within the region or outside it and that rules pertaining to fruit-stand sales are complied with. The marketing agency has applied supply controlling procedures through expanding its markets spatially, through the use of storage facilities to regulate its shipments to all outlets and through the diversion of fruit in excess of normal fresh fruit consumption to the processed and canned fruit markets. The objective of the agency's pricing policy is the long-run maximization of returns to growers. The multiplicity of variables which have to be considered before a price can be quoted makes it impossible to state that there is a definite price policy followed by the agency. Price differentiation is applied whenever possible by the agency to maximize revenues. In extreme cases where traditional markets are saturated, excess fruit is "dumped" in other markets. The conclusion of this study is that the B.C. Fruit Board and B.C. Tree Fruits Ltd. have developed an extensive use of their powers to ensure stable returns for the fruit growers of the Okanagan. The existence of three main reasons prevent the B.C. Fruit Scheme from exercising greater monopoly powers. They are competition from other fruit growing areas, the absence of production controls on the farm level and the absence of tariff regulatory powers.
Information Scrambling and the Correspondence of Entanglement- and Operator Dynamics in Systems with Nonlocal Interactions
Creators: name: Wanisch, Darvin
name: Espinoza, Juan Diego Arias
name: Fritzsche, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How fast quantum information scrambles such that it becomes inaccessible by local probes turns out to be central to various fields. Motivated by recent works on spin systems with nonlocal interactions, we study information scrambling in different variants of the Ising model. Our work reveals that nonlocal interactions can induce operator dynamics not precisely captured by out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs). In particular, the operator size exhibits a slowdown in systems with generic powerlaw interactions despite a highly nonlinear lightcone. A recently proposed microscopic model for fast scrambling does not show this slowdown, which uncovers a distinct analogy between a local operator under unitary evolution and the entanglement entropy following a quantum quench. Our work gives new insights on scrambling properties of systems in reach of current quantum simulation platforms and complements results on possibly observing features of quantum gravity in the laboratory.
Code-Verification Techniques for the Method-of-Moments Implementation of the Magnetic-Field Integral Equation
Creators: name: Freno, Brian A.
name: Matula, Neil R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For computational physics simulations, code verification plays a major role in establishing the credibility of the results by assessing the correctness of the implementation of the underlying numerical methods. In computational electromagnetics, surface integral equations, such as the method-of-moments implementation of the magnetic-field integral equation, are frequently used to solve Maxwell's equations on the surfaces of electromagnetic scatterers. These electromagnetic surface integral equations yield many code-verification challenges due to the various sources of numerical error and their possible interactions. In this paper, we provide approaches to separately measure the numerical errors arising from these different error sources. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches for cases with and without coding errors.
title: Economics of Managing State-Owned Grazing Lands
Creators: name: Anderson, Lowell Ray
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: Range land is an important resource in Utah's economy. Of 52.7 million acres of land in Utah about 78 percent is used for production of range livestock (14).1 In 1958, cash receipts of range livestock amounted to 62.7 million dollars, or 38.8 percent of Utah's total agricultural cash receipts (19).
Of total land within its boundary, the state owns 2,723,157 acres. or 5.17 percent (32). The state legislature has designated the Utah State Land Board as the responsible agency for administering this land to provide income for various state institutions.
The people of the state of Utah are required to pay for the operation of common schools and other public institutions. Many of these tax supported institutions are partly financed by interest from permanent school funds. As the cost of operating these institutions is growing each year, it is in the interest of the state that the permanent school funds yield as much revenue as possible. It is important that management of state land be such that the greatest possible revenue from the resource be forthcoming.
A Transponder Aggregator with Efficient Use of Filtering Function for Transponder Noise Suppression
Creators: name: Suzuki, Kenya
name: Moriwaki, Osamu
name: Hadama, Koichi
name: Yamaguchi, Keita
name: Taniguchi, Hiroki
name: Kisaka, Yoshiaki
name: Ogawa, Daisuke
name: Takeshita, Makoto
name: Camatel, Stefano
name: Ma, Yiran
name: Fukutoku, Mitsunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Colorless, directionless, and contentionless reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexing (CDC-ROADM) provides highly flexible physical layer network configuration. Such CDC-ROADM must operate in multiple wavelength bands which are being increasingly implemented in optical transmission systems. The operation in C+L bands requires switch devices used in CDC-ROADM to also be capable of multiband operation. Recent studies on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems have pointed out the impact of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise generated by signals of different wavelengths, which causes OSNR degradation. Therefore, it is desirable to filter out the ASE noise from different transponders when multiplexing multiple wavelengths at the transmitter side, especially in a system with non-wavelength selective combiners such as directional couplers and multicast switches. The use of transponder aggregators with filtering functions, such as the M x N wavelength selective switch (WSS), is preferable for this filtering. However, the downside of these devices is that it is difficult to provide economical multiband support. Therefore, we propose an economical transponder aggregator configuration by allowing a certain amount of ASE superposition and reducing the number of filtering functions. In this paper, we fabricated a prototype of the proposed transponder aggregator by combining silica-based planar lightwave circuit technology and C+L band WSS, both commercially available, and verified its feasibility through transmission experiments. The novel transponder aggregator is a practical solution for a multiband CDC-ROADM system with improved OSNR performance.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology for possible publication
title: Phosphorus Status of Genola Soils in Utah
Creators: name: Bendixen, Warren E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: With increasing pressure on economical production of crops, more fertilizers are being applied to the soil each year to increase crop yields. Economical production of crops with applications of fertilizer requires an evaluation of the essential elements of the various crops so applications of fertilizer will not exceed the law of diminishing returns.
Because varying soil, moisture, and climatic conditions influence the response to added fertilizers, some workers (18, 26, 38) have contended that the only reliable way of determining the fertilization needs of a crop is to conduct a trial on the particular farm. The length of time involved to determine the fertilizer requirements of a crop, along with the fact that climatic conditions change, limits the value of this method. With observation type trials, yield increases are easily over-looked and the expense involved in conducting a properly designed trial is beyond the scope of the farmers.
Analysis of Strain Fields in Silicon Nanocrystals
Creators: name: Yılmaz, Dündar E.
name: Bulutay, Ceyhun
name: Çağın, Tahir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strain has a crucial effect on the optical and electronic properties of nanostructures. We calculate the atomistic strain distribution in silicon nanocrystals up to a diameter of 3.2 nm embedded in an amorphous silicon dioxide matrix. A seemingly conflicting picture arises when the strain field is expressed in terms of bond lengths versus volumetric strain. The strain profile in either case shows uniform behavior in the core, however it becomes nonuniform within 2-3 Ådistance to the nanocrystal surface: tensile for bond lengths whereas compressive for volumetric strain. We reconsile their coexistence by an atomistic strain analysis.
description: Published in Applied Physics Letters Vol. 94, 191914 (2009)
Bose-Hubbard model on a star lattice
Creators: name: Isakov, Sergei V.
name: Sengupta, K.
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Bose-Hubbard model of hardcore bosons with nearest neighbor hopping and repulsive interactions on a star lattice using both quantum Monte Carlo simulation and dual vortex theory. We obtain the phase diagram of this model as a function of the chemical potential and the relative strength of hopping and interaction. In the strong interaction regime, we find that the Mott phases of the model at 1/2 and 1/3 fillings, in contrast to their counterparts on square, triangular, and Kagome lattices, are either translationally invariant resonant valence bond (RVB) phases with no density-wave order or have coexisting density-wave and RVB orders. We also find that upon increasing the relative strength of hopping and interaction, the translationally invariant Mott states undergo direct second order superfluid-insulator quantum phase transitions. We compute the critical exponents for these transitions and argue using the dual vortex picture that the transitions, when approached through the tip of the Mott lobe, belong to the inverted XY universality class.
description: 10 pages, 18 figures, minor changes, two references added
A review of the effect of the 1962 Social Security Act Amendments on the public assistance program of Whatcom County, Bellingham, Washington, U.S.A.
Creators: name: Ryan, Ruth Maurine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This review was undertaken to present the 1962 Amendments to the Social Security Act of the Federal Government of the United States of America; what they are; the rationale behind them; and, what they are expected to accomplish. Attention was given to the administrative problems involved in putting such an ambitious service program into effect, including those of the individual caseworkers. The impact of the program on the problem of dependency was reviewed in terms of 8$ cases, closed after the inception of the program. Answers to 2 questions were sought: 1. Did concentration on services, particularly those prescribed by the Federal Government result in termination of assistance? 2. Were the caseworkers able to make valid judgements concerning severity of problems and potential for avoiding dependency in classifying their cases? It was concluded that the majority of the case terminations were fortuitous and likely to have occurred with or without services, though service was a factor in a minor percent of the cases. Caseworker judgements, however, were found to be reasonably reliable. Some other general conclusions were also drawn concerning directions for focus of casework service and additional research. Experiences in other areas were reviewed and found not to be too different from those in Whatcom County.
title: Economics of Wool Marketing in Utah
Creators: name: Berry, E. Jay
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: Since the beginning of history the wool of sheep has been used by the human race. Its chief use has been and still is for clothing. Also, it is widely used for blankets, upholstery, carpets, and numerous other products.
The wool industry is important to the state of Utah, which was the sixth largest producing state in the United States in 1958. Wool growers in Utah received approximately $7,897,000 in sales proceeds and government payments for wool sold during the 1958 marketing year (12).1
Evidence of photospheric vortex flows at supergranular junctions observed by FG/SOT (Hinode)
Creators: name: Attie, R.
name: Innes, D. E.
name: Potts, H. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisting motions of different nature are observed in several layers of the solar atmosphere. Chromospheric sunspot whorls and rotation of sunspots or even higher up in the lower corona sigmoids are examples of the large scale twisted topology of many solar features. Nevertheless, their occurrence at large scale in the quiet photosphere has not been investigated. The present study reveals the existence of vortex flows located at the supergranular junctions of the quiet Sun. We use a 1-hour and a 5-hour time series of the granulation in Blue continuum and G-band images from FG/SOT to derive the photospheric flows. A feature tracking technique called Balltracking is performed to track the granules and reveal the underlying flow fields. In both time series we identify long-lasting vortex flow located at supergranular junctions. The first vortex flow lasts at least 1 hour and is ~20-arcsec-wide (~15.5 Mm). The second vortex flow lasts more than 2 hours and is ~27-arcsec-wide (~21 Mm).
description: 4 pages, 10 figures
Polariton-Assisted Resonance Energy Transfer Beyond Resonant Dipole-Dipole Interaction: A Transition Current Density Approach
Creators: name: Lee, Ming-Wei
name: Hsu, Liang-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using electric dipoles to describe light-matter interactions between two entities is a conventional approximation in physics, chemistry, and material sciences. However, the lack of material structures makes the approximation inadequate when the size of an entity is comparable to the spatial extent of electromagnetic fields or the distance between two entities. In this study, we develop a unified theory of radiative and non-radiative resonance energy transfer based on transition current density in a theoretical framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. The proposed theory allows us to describe polariton-assisted resonance energy transfer between two entities with arbitrary material structures in spatially dependent vacuum electric fields. To demonstrate the generality of the proposed theory, we rigorously prove that our theory can cover the main results of the transition density cube method and the plasmon-coupled resonance energy transfer. We believe that this study opens a promising direction for exploring light-matter interactions beyond the scope of electric dipoles and provides new insights into material physics.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Hysteresis Switching Loops in Ag-manganite memristive interfaces
Creators: name: Ghenzi, N.
name: Sanchez, M. J.
name: Gomez-Marlasca, F.
name: Levy, P.
name: Rozenberg, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multilevel resistance states in silver-manganite interfaces are studied both experimentally and through a realistic model that includes as a main ingredient the oxygen vacancies diffusion under applied electric fields. The switching threshold and amplitude studied through Hysteresis Switching Loops are found to depend critically on the initial state. The associated vacancy profiles further unveil the prominent role of the effective electric field acting at the interfaces. While experimental results validate main assumptions of the model, the simulations allow to disentangle the microscopic mechanisms behind the resistive switching in metal-transition metal oxide interfaces.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Jour. of Appl. Phys
title: General and Specific Combining Ability of Five Alfalfa Clones Including Reciprocal Effects for Seedling Vigor and Seed Yield
Creators: name: Bingham, Edwin Theodore
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: The use of F1 hybrids for commercial production of such cross-pollinated crops as corn, sorghum, sugar beets, onions, and pearl millet suggests the feasibility of using this technique for alfalfa. Production of F1 hybrids of commercial value is dependent on the use of breeding material expressing good combining ability. In order to obtain precise estimates of combining ability for quantitative characters in alfalfa, it is necessary to produce all possible single crosses among a number of parents. The single cross seed required is difficult to obtain due to the vegetative reproduction and isolation required; and, subsequently, limited testing of this type has been conducted in alfalfa. Testing breeding material for combining ability based on seed production has been more limited than testing based on forage yield or various other measurements. In this experiment a diallel crossing system was used to test the general and specific combining ability of five alfalfa clones previously selected for good general combining ability.
The report is based on first-year data of a three-year study, and the results are subject to errors which may occur due to variability inherent in the year of establishment. This is especially true for conclusions based on seed production. However, first-year data should be valid for such characteristics as flower color and seedling height. The analysis of seed production and seedling height is designed to measure the relative amount of general and specific combining ability of the cones involved. Reciprocals of the single crosses were evaluated for flower color, seedling height, and seed yield to check if reciprocal cross progeny give equal performance.
Frequency dependence of viscous and viscoelastic dissipation in coated micro-cantilevers from noise measurement
Creators: name: Paolino, Pierdomenico
name: Bellon, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the mechanical thermal noise of soft silicon atomic force microscopy cantilevers. Using an interferometric setup, we have a resolution down to 1E-14 m/rtHz on a wide spectral range (3 Hz to 1E5 Hz). The low frequency behavior depends dramatically on the presence of a reflective coating: almost flat spectrums for uncoated cantilevers versus 1/f like trend for coated ones. The addition of a viscoelastic term in models of the mechanical system can account for this observation. Use of Kramers-Kronig relations validate this approach with a complete determination of the response of the cantilever: a power law with a small coefficient is found for the frequency dependence of viscoelasticity due to the coating, whereas the viscous damping due to the surrounding atmosphere is accurately described by the Sader model.
title: The Influence of Soil Compaction Upon the Thermodynamics of Soil Moisture
Creators: name: Box, James E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: The retention of water in soils is a very interesting subject. Soil-water research presents a great challenge to research workers. The challenge is broad in scope and extends from the field problems of large irrigation projects to the atomic scale of the solid-liquid interface.
If scientists are going to describe scientifically soil-water relations, they must ultimately utilize the instruments of science and the language of mathematics. To the end of the latter the mathematics of thermodynamics has been applied in these studies of water retention in soils.
title: The Effect of Moisture and Temperature on Transformation of Applied Ammonium Sulfate in Several Western Soils
Creators: name: Hossner, Lloyd Richard
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: The conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite and nitrate forms of nitrogen has aroused much attention in the past and continues to receive much of the energy of the present day researcher.
It has been known for many years that the phenomenon of nitrification is almost in its entirety a biological process. In 1862, Louis Pasteur demonstrated the microbiological nature of the oxidation of alcohol to acetic acid. He suggested that the oxidation of ammonia might be of similar nature. In 1877 this suggestion was verified by schloesing and Muntz, and for the next ten years the process received much attention, culminating in 1891 in the isolation of the responsible organisms by Winogradsky.
Extended Lyman Alpha Nebulae at z ~ 2.3: An Extremely Rare and Strongly Clustered Population?
Creators: name: Yang, Yujin
name: Zabludoff, Ann
name: Tremonti, Christy
name: Eisenstein, Daniel
name: Davé, Romeel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To obtain an unbiased sample of bright LyA blobs [L(LyA) > 10^43 ergs/s], we have undertaken a blind, wide-field, narrow-band imaging survey in the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey Bootes field with the Steward Bok-2.3m telescope. After searching over 4.82 sq. degrees at z=2.3, we discover four LyA blobs with L(LyA) = 1.6-5.3 x 10^43 ergs/s, isophotal areas of 28-57 sq. arcsec, and broad LyA line profiles (FWHM = 900-1250 km/s). In contrast with the extended Lyman alpha halos associated with high-z radio galaxies, none of our four blobs are radio-loud. The X-ray luminosities and optical spectra of these blobs are diverse. Two blobs (3 and 4) are X-ray-detected with L_X(2-7 keV) = 2-4 x 10^44 ergs/s and have broad optical emission lines (C IV) characteristic of AGN, implying that 50% of our sample blobs are associated with strong AGN. The other 50% of blobs (1 and 2) are not X-ray or optically-detected as AGN down to similar limits. The number density of the four blobs is ~3 x 10^{-6} Mpc^{-3}, comparable to that of galaxy clusters at similar redshifts and 3x lower than that found in the SSA22 proto-cluster at z=3.1, even after accounting for the over-density of that region. The two X-ray undetected blobs are separated by only 70" (550 kpc) and have almost identical redshifts (< 360 kpc along the line-of-sight), suggesting that they are part of the same system. Given the rarity of the blobs and our discovery of a close pair, we speculate that blobs occupy the highest density regions and thus may be precursors of today's rich cluster galaxies.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Bayesian inference of high-purity germanium detector impurities based on capacitance measurements and machine-learning accelerated capacitance calculations
Creators: name: Abt, Iris
name: Gooch, Christopher
name: Hagemann, Felix
name: Hauertmann, Lukas
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Schulz, Oliver
name: Schuster, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impurity density in high-purity germanium detectors is crucial to understand and simulate such detectors. However, the information about the impurities provided by the manufacturer, based on Hall effect measurements, is typically limited to a few locations and comes with a large uncertainty. As the voltage dependence of the capacitance matrix of a detector strongly depends on the impurity density distribution, capacitance measurements can provide a path to improve the knowledge on the impurities. The novel method presented here uses a machine-learned surrogate model, trained on precise GPU-accelerated capacitance calculations, to perform full Bayesian inference of impurity distribution parameters from capacitance measurements. All steps use open-source Julia software packages. Capacitances are calculated with SolidStateDetectors.jl, machine learning is done with Flux.jl and Bayesian inference performed using BAT.jl. The capacitance matrix of a detector and its dependence on the impurity density is explained and a capacitance bias-voltage scan of an n-type true-coaxial test detector is presented. The study indicates that the impurity density of the test detector also has a radial dependence.
A second black hole candidate in a M31 globular cluster is identified with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Barnard, R.
name: Kolb, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use arguments developed in previous work to identify a second black hole candidate associated with a M31 globular cluster, Bo 144, on the basis of X-ray spectral and timing properties. The 2002 XMM-Newton observation of the associated X-ray source (hereafter XBo 144) revealed behaviour that is common to all low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the low-hard state. Studies have shown that neutron star LMXBs exhibit this behaviour at 0.01-1000 keV luminosities <=10% of the Eddington limit (L_Edd). However, the unabsorbed 0.3-10 keV XBo 144 luminosity was ~0.30 L_Edd for a 1.4 M_sun neutron star, and the expected 0.01-1000 keV luminosity is 3-7 times higher. We therefore identify XBo 144 as a black hole candidate. Furthermore, it is the second black hole candidate to be consistent with formation via tidal capture of a mean sequence donor in a GC; such systems were previously though non-existent, because the donor was thought to be disrupted during the capture process.
description: Accepted for publication in MRAS letters. Four pages, three figures
Surface-plasmon mode hybridization in sub-wavelength microdisk lasers
Creators: name: Perahia, R.
name: Alegre, T. P. Mayer
name: Safavi-Naeini, A.
name: Painter, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybridization of surface-plasmon and dielectric waveguide whispering-gallery modes are demonstrated in a semiconductor microdisk laser cavity of sub-wavelength proportions. A metal layer is deposited on top of the semiconductor microdisk, the radius of which is systematically varied to enable mode hybridization between surface-plasmon and dielectric modes. The anti-crossing behavior of the two cavity mode types is experimentally observed via photoluminescence spectroscopy and optically pumped lasing action at a wavelength of 1.3 micron is achieved at room temperature.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Middle East issues: statements. By Archbishop Joseph L. Bernardin, President, National Conference of Catholic Bishops.
Creators: name: Bernardin, Joseph,1928-1996.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 On Israel and the U.N. (September 3, 1975) -- On U.N. vote on Zionism (November 11, 1975) -- Statement on Lebanon and the Middle East (January, 1976).
Bright and Dark Solitons in a Periodically Attractive and Expulsive Potential with Nonlinearities Modulated in Space and Time
Creators: name: Avelar, A. T.
name: Bazeia, D.
name: Cardoso, W. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work deals with soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation with a diversity of nonlinearities. We solve the equation in a potential which oscillates in time between attractive and expulsive behavior, in the presence of nonlinearities which are modulated in space and time. Despite the presence of the periodically expulsive behavior of the potential, the results show that the nonlinear equation can support a diversity of localized excitations of the bright and dark type which are remarkably robust.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Statistical effects of the observer's peculiar velocity on source number counts
Creators: name: Dalang, Charles
name: Durrer, Ruth
name: Lacasa, Fabien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The velocity of the Sun with respect to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) can be extracted from the CMB dipole, provided its intrinsic dipole is assumed to be small in comparison. This interpretation is consistent, within fairly large error bars, with the measurement of the correlations between neighboring CMB multipoles induced by the velocity of the observer, which effectively breaks isotropy. In contrast, the source number count dipole was reported to privilege a velocity of the observer with an amplitude which is about twice as large as the one extracted from the entirely kinematic interpretation of the CMB dipole, with error bars which indicate a more and more significant tension. In this work, we study the effect of the peculiar velocity of the observer on correlations of nearby multipoles in the source number counts. We provide an unbiased estimator for the kinetic dipole amplitude, which is proportional to the peculiar velocity of the observer and we compute the expected signal to noise ratio. Near future experiments can achieve better than 5$\%$ constraints on the velocity of the Sun with our estimator.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, matches published version
A Universal Magnification Theorem for Higher-Order Caustic Singularities
Creators: name: Aazami, Amir B.
name: Petters, Arlie O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that, independent of the choice of a lens model, the total signed magnification always sums to zero for a source anywhere in the four-image regions of swallowtail, elliptic umbilic, and hyperbolic umbilic caustics. This is a more global and higher-order analog of the well-known fold and cusp magnification relations, in which the total signed magnification in the two-image region of the fold, and the three-image region of the cusp, are both always zero. As an application, we construct a lensing observable for the hyperbolic umbilic magnification relation and compare it with the corresponding observables for the cusp and fold relations using a singular isothermal ellipsoidal lens. We demonstrate the greater generality of the hyperbolic umbilic magnification relation by showing how it applies to the fold image doublets and cusp image triplets, and extends to image configurations that are neither. We show that the results are applicable to the study of substructure on galactic scales using observed quadruple images of lensed quasars. The magnification relations are also proved for generic 1-parameter families of mappings between planes, extending their potential range of applicability beyond lensing.
description: 26 pages; version 2, with minor corrections; to appear in J. Math. Phys.
title: From Silver to Skis: A History of Alta, Utah, and Little Cottonwood Canyon, 1847-1966
Creators: name: Bowman, Anthony Will
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: In this study the former mining town and present ski resort of Alta, Utah, and the Little Cottonwood Canyon (in which Alta is located) are treated as one unit of study.
After a brief treatment of the natural setting, man's earliest activities in the region are traced through the winter of 1966. Activities which are examined include: exploring, trapping, logging I grazing 1 milling with the major emphasis upon quarrying I mining I skiing and settlement.
Until 1864 the region was utilized for non-mining activities. By the 1870's ' I mining "boomed" and various settlements were established in the canyon. The most famous of these was Alta . Although not formally chartered, Alta was typical of frontier mining camps.
Following the decline of mining 1 the area lay somewhat dormant until the advent of organized skiing in 193 7. Now Alta's wealth is found in the snow that falls upon surrounding mountains and not in the silver that was mined from them.
Epistemological Letters 26
Creators: name: Garuccio, A
name: Shimony, Abner
name: de Charrière, C.
name: Wang, D.
name: Bonsack, F.
name: Lochak, G.
name: Tarozzi, G.
name: Zeh, H.D.
name: Hilgevoord, J.
name: Destouches, J.-L.
name: Vigier, J.-P.
name: Bedford, O.
name: Costa de Beauregard, O.
name: Huguenin, P.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: Issue 26 is a written symposium on the foundations of quantum physics, edited by François Bonsack, Abner Shimony, and others. It was published and distributed to a limited mailing list by Association Ferdinand Gonseth.
Electron Re-acceleration via Ion Cyclotron Waves in the Intracluster Medium
Creators: name: Tran, Aaron
name: Sironi, Lorenzo
name: Ley, Francisco
name: Zweibel, Ellen G.
name: Riquelme, Mario A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In galaxy clusters, the intracluster medium (ICM) is expected to host a diffuse, long-lived, and invisible population of "fossil" cosmic-ray electrons (CRe) with 1-100 MeV energies. These CRe, if re-accelerated by 100x in energy, can contribute synchrotron luminosity to cluster radio halos, relics, and phoenices. Re-acceleration may be aided by CRe scattering upon the ion-Larmor-scale waves that spawn when ICM is compressed, dilated, or sheared. We study CRe scattering and energy gain due to ion cyclotron (IC) waves generated by continuously-driven compression in 1D fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations. We find that pitch-angle scattering of CRe by IC waves induces energy gain via magnetic pumping. In an optimal range of IC-resonant momenta, CRe may gain up to ~10-30% of their initial energy in one compress/dilate cycle with magnetic field amplification ~3-6x, assuming adiabatic decompression without further scattering and averaging over initial pitch angle.
description: 23 pages, 18 figures; accepted in ApJ with new appendices and edits
IXPE Detection of Polarized X-rays from Magnetars and Photon Mode Conversion at QED Vacuum Resonance
Creators: name: Lai, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent observations of the anomalous X-ray pulsars 4U 0142+61 and 1RXS J170849.0-400910 by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) opened up a new avenue to study magnetars, neutron stars endowed with superstrong magnetic fields ($B\gtrsim 10^{14}$~G). The detected polarized X-rays from 4U 0142+61 exhibit a 90$^\circ$ linear polarization swing from low photon energies ($E\lesssim 4$~keV) to high energies ($E\gtrsim 5.5$~keV). We show that this swing can be explained by photon polarization mode conversion at the vacuum resonance in the magnetar atmosphere; the resonance arises from the combined effects of plasma-induced birefringence and QED-induced vacuum birefringence in strong magnetic fields. This explanation suggests that the atmosphere of 4U 0142 be composed of partially ionized heavy elements, and the surface magnetic field be comparable or less than $10^{14}$~G, consistent with the dipole field inferred from the measured spindown. It also implies that the spin axis of 4U 0142+61 is aligned with its velocity direction. The polarized X-rays from 1RXS J170849.0-400910 do not show such $90^\circ$ swing, consistent with magnetar atmospheric emission with $B\gtrsim 5\times 10^{14}$~G.
description: 8 pages. Updated to include discussions on both magnetars detected by IXPE. To appear in PNAS in 4/2023
Wake effects characterization using wake oscillator model. Comparison on 2D response with experiments
Creators: name: Gaurier, Benoît
name: Germain, Grégory
name: Cébron, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model using wake oscillators is developed to predict the 2D motion in a transverse plan of two rigid cylinders in tandem arrangement. This model of the wake dynamics is validated with experimental data from previous trials which took place at the Ifremer flume tank in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. The agreement between the model and the experimental results allows using this model as a simple computational tool in the prediction of 2D Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) and, after some futher developments, Wake-Induced Oscillations (WIO) effects.
The administration of justice in the three higher criminal courts of Vancouver
Creators: name: Litsky, Herman Harry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The object of this study is to explain the organization of law courts and allied matters relating to the administration of justice in the three higher criminal courts of Vancouver: 1. The County Court Judge's Criminal Court. 2. The Supreme Court. 3. The Court of Appeal. Most of the material for this study was obtained through interviews with the judges and staff of these courts. In the past the administration of justice has hardly been considered a subject by legal writers as evidenced by the paucity of literature in the Canadian field. Some writers have included the system of courts but necessarily could not give it much space; others presumed that the reader was acquainted with the subject. The study outlines the jurisdiction of these three courts, including the functions of the judges and staff attached to them. The study also outlines the process of trials originating in the Magistrate's Court and culminating in the three higher courts. Finally, some general conclusions and recommendations are made regarding some of the inadequacies now existing in these three courts. The writer's sincere impression, having had a legal background, is that the social worker needs a knowledge of the present administration of justice, how it really works, and what criticisms and suggestions have been made to improve it. Law treated as sacrosanct, isolated from the society it serves, must succumb to a more modern approach. To some extent, this means that lawyers, social workers and other people concerned with the administration of justice must look critically at its present structure. Only through knowledge and mutual endeavor by those involved with the administration of justice can the rights of individuals appearing before the courts be protected. It is hoped that this study will arouse some interest and that others will carry out extensive research in this area in the near future.
Valley and spin splittings in a valley-layer-locked monolayer via atomic adsorption
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaohui
name: Liang, Li
name: Li, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To date, a number of valley materials have been discovered with the spin-valley or valley-layer couplings. It is highly desirable to realize the interplay of more electronic degrees of freedom in a valley material. Based on the first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the valley and spin degeneracy liftings in the band structure of a TiSiCO monolayer, with the help of the selective expression of the layer pseudospin via atomic adsorption. The introduction of the transition-metal adatoms provides an effective electric field and magnetic proximity effect, giving rise to the valley and spin splittings. These splittings can be further tuned by applying an external electric field. According to the modified band structure, various interlayer excitons with different combinations of spins and electric dipoles are selectively created, under the optical field of appropriate frequencies. The tunable spin and valley splittings in atom adsorbed TiSiCO monolayer offer opportunities for exploring the interactions between spin, valley and layer pseudospin, and designing advanced optoelectronic devices.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures