cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Untitled ItemTHE (IN) APPLICABILITY OF THE THEORY OF OBJECTIVATION OR ABSTRATIVIZATION OF THE CONTROL OF DIFFUSED CONSTITUTIONALITY IN BRAZIL
Creators: name: OSMAR VERONESE
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The Brazilian constituent opted for the rigid Constitutional model, in which the constitutionality control system of the laws aims to determine if the infraconstitutional norm is in line with the guidelines established in the constitutional text. This article deals with the repressive control of incidental constitutionality, with emphasis on the constitutional mechanism that allows the Federal Senate to suspend the execution of a law declared unconstitutional by the Federal Supreme Court and to verify the applicability of the theory of objectivation of diffuse control in Law Brazilian. The study briefly analyzes the repressive systems of constitutionality control that influenced the Brazilian system, notices historical aspects of the parental control, presents procedural characteristics and the way in which the argument of unconstitutionality is processed in the incidental way, verifies the senatorial performance in the diffuse system, and, in the end, it examines the possibility of the Federal Supreme Court, according to its will, to apply objectification theory within this system.
Accurate closed-form solution of the SIR epidemic model
Creators: name: Barlow, Nathaniel S.
name: Weinstein, Steven J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accurate closed-form solution is obtained to the SIR Epidemic Model through the use of Asymptotic Approximants (Barlow et. al, 2017, Q. Jl Mech. Appl. Math, 70 (1), 21-48). The solution is created by analytically continuing the divergent power series solution such that it matches the long-time asymptotic behavior of the epidemic model. The utility of the analytical form is demonstrated through its application to the COVID-19 pandemic.
description: Updates: Fixed a typo in previous version's equation 6c. Included link to Python code
A Galactic-scale gas wave in the Solar Neighborhood
Creators: name: Alves, João
name: Zucker, Catherine
name: Goodman, Alyssa A.
name: Speagle, Joshua S.
name: Meingast, Stefan
name: Robitaille, Thomas
name: Finkbeiner, Douglas P.
name: Schlafly, Edward F.
name: Green, Gregory M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the past 150 years, the prevailing view of the local Interstellar Medium (ISM) was based on a peculiarity known as the Gould's Belt, an expanding ring of young stars, gas, and dust, tilted about 20$^\circ$ to the Galactic plane. Still, the physical relation between local gas clouds has remained practically unknown because the distance accuracy to clouds is of the same order or larger than their sizes. With the advent of large photometric surveys and the Gaia satellite astrometric survey this situation has changed. Here we report the 3-D structure of all local cloud complexes. We find a narrow and coherent 2.7 kpc arrangement of dense gas in the Solar neighborhood that contains many of the clouds thought to be associated with the Gould Belt. This finding is inconsistent with the notion that these clouds are part of a ring, disputing the Gould Belt model. The new structure comprises the majority of nearby star-forming regions, has an aspect ratio of about 1:20, and contains about 3 million solar masses of gas. Remarkably, the new structure appears to be undulating and its 3-D distribution is well described by a damped sinusoidal wave on the plane of the Milky Way, with an average period of about 2 kpc and a maximum amplitude of about 160 pc. Our results represent a first step in the revision of the local gas distribution and Galactic structure and offer a new, broader context to studies on the transformation of molecular gas into stars.
description: Published in Nature on 7 January 2020. For data, interactive visualizations, and more information see: http://tinyurl.com/radwave (https://sites.google.com/cfa.harvard.edu/radcliffewave/)
Dactylosaster cylindricus
Creators: name: Jangoux, Michel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
Valvatida
Ophidiasteridae
Dactylosaster
Dactylosaster cylindricus

description: cylindrica Lamarck, 1816, Asterias
Asterias cylindrica Lamarck, 1816: 567.
Dactylosaster cylindricus ‒ Clark 1993: 329. — Jangoux 2021: 225.
CURRENT STATUS. — Dactylosaster cylindricus (Lamarck, 1816).
TYPE MATERIAL. — Mauritius • holotype; Baudin expedition; 1800- 1804; Péron & Lesueur leg.; 1803; MNHN-IE-2014-471.
REMARK
Photograph and original drawings of A. cylindrica holotype are presented in Jangoux (2021: 226).
description: Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 280, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817
Quasi exactly solvable (QES) equations with multiple algebraisations
Creators: name: Brihaye, Yves
name: Hartmann, Betti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review three examples of quasi exactly solvable (QES) Hamitonians which possess multiple algebraisations. This includes the most prominent example, the Lame equation, as well as recently studied many-body Hamiltonians with Weierstrass interaction potential and finally, a 2x2 coupled channel Hamiltonian.
description: Talk presented at the 12th Colloquium ``Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems'', Prague, June 12-14, 2003; 7 Latex-pages
Prospects of Measuring Oscillated Decay-at-Rest Neutrinos at Long Baselines
Creators: name: Harnik, Roni
name: Kelly, Kevin J.
name: Machado, Pedro A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to the next generation of beam-based neutrino experiments and their associated detectors, a number of intense, low-energy neutrino production sources from decays at rest will be in operation. In this work, we explore the physics opportunities with decay-at-rest neutrinos for complementary measurements of oscillation parameters at long baselines. The J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source, for example, will generate neutrinos from a variety of decay-at-rest (DAR) processes, specifically those of pions, muons, and kaons. Other proposed sources will produce large numbers of stopped pions and muons. We demonstrate the ability of the upcoming Hyper-Kamiokande experiment to detect the monochromatic kaon decay-at-rest neutrinos from J-PARC after they have travelled several hundred kilometers and undergone oscillations. This measurement will serve as a valuable cross-check in constraining our understanding of neutrino oscillations in a new regime of neutrino energy and baseline length. We also study the expected event rates from pion and muon DAR neutrinos in liquid Argon and water detectors and their sensitivities to to the CP violating phase $δ_\mathrm{CP}$.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Nonparametric Estimation of Conditional Expectation With Auxiliary Information and Dimension Reduction
Creators: name: Bingying Xie
name: Shao, Jun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Nonparametric estimation of the conditional expectationE(Y|U)of an outcome Y given a covariate vector U is of primary importance in many statistical applications such as prediction and personalized medicine. In some problems, there is an additional auxiliary variable Z in the training dataset used to construct estimators, but Z is not available for future prediction or selecting patient treatment in personalized medicine. For example, in the training dataset longitudinal outcomes are observed, but only the last outcome Y is concerned in the future prediction or analysis. The longitudinal outcomes other than the last point is then the variable Z that is observed and related with both Y and U. Previous work on how to make use of Z in the estimation ofE(Y|U)mainly focused on using Z in the construction of a linear function of U to reduce covariate dimension for better estimation. UsingE(Y|U)=E{E(Y|U,Z)|U}, we propose a two-step estimation of inner and outer expectations, respectively, with sufficient dimension reduction for kernel estimation in both steps. The information from Z is used not only in dimension reduction, but also directly in the estimation. Because of the existence of different ways for dimension reduction, we construct two estimators that may improve the estimator without using Z. The improvements are shown in the convergence rate of estimators as the sample size increases to infinity as well as in the finite sample simulation performance. A real data analysis about the selection of mammography intervention is presented for illustration. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
An End-to-End Learning Approach for Trajectory Prediction in Pedestrian Zones
Creators: name: Ngo, Ha Q.
name: Henke, Christoph
name: Hees, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper aims to explore the problem of trajectory prediction in heterogeneous pedestrian zones, where social dynamics representation is a big challenge. Proposed is an end-to-end learning framework for prediction accuracy improvement based on an attention mechanism to learn social interaction from multi-factor inputs.
description: Submitted 23 March 2020
Threshold values, stability analysis and high-q asymptotics for the coloring problem on random graphs
Creators: name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Pagnani, Andrea
name: Weigt, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of coloring Erdos-Renyi and regular random graphs of finite connectivity using q colors. It has been studied so far using the cavity approach within the so-called one-step replica symmetry breaking (1RSB) ansatz. We derive a general criterion for the validity of this ansatz and, applying it to the ground state, we provide evidence that the 1RSB solution gives exact threshold values c_q for the q-COL/UNCOL phase transition. We also study the asymptotic thresholds for q >> 1 finding c_q = 2qlog(q)-log(q)-1+o(1) in perfect agreement with rigorous mathematical bounds, as well as the nature of excited states, and give a global phase diagram of the problem.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures. Replaced with accepted version
Universal Polarimetric Signatures of the Black Hole Photon Ring
Creators: name: Himwich, Elizabeth
name: Johnson, Michael D.
name: Lupsasca, Alexandru
name: Strominger, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole images present an annular region of enhanced brightness. In the absence of propagation effects, this "photon ring" has universal features that are completely governed by general relativity and independent of the details of the emission. Here, we show that the polarimetric image of a black hole also displays universal properties. In particular, the photon ring exhibits a self-similar pattern of polarization that encodes the black hole spin. We explore the corresponding universal polarimetric signatures of the photon ring on long interferometric baselines, and propose a method for measuring the black hole spin using a sparse interferometric array. These signatures could enable spin measurements of the supermassive black hole in M87, as well as precision tests of general relativity in the strong field regime, via a future extension of the Event Horizon Telescope to space.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
An Unorthodox Introduction to Supersymmetric Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Strassler, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerous topics in three and four dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories are covered. The organizing principle in this presentation is scaling (Wilsonian renormalization group flow.) A brief introduction to scaling and to supersymmetric field theory, with examples, is followed by discussions of nonrenormalization theorems and beta functions. Abelian gauge theories are discussed in some detail, with special focus on three-dimensional versions of supersymmetric QED, which exhibit solitons, dimensional antitransmutation, duality, and other interesting phenomena. Many of the same features are seen in four-dimensional non-abelian gauge theories, which are discussed in the final sections. These notes are based on lectures given at TASI 2001.
description: Lectures given at TASI 2001, 78 pages
A wide field Hubble Space Telescope study of the cluster CL0024+16 at z=0.4. I: morphological distributions to 5 Mpc radius
Creators: name: Treu, T.
name: Ellis, R. S.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Dressler, A.
name: Smail, I.
name: Czoske, O.
name: Oemler, A.
name: Natarajan, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new wide field Hubble Space Telescope survey of the galaxy cluster Cl0024+16 (z~0.4) consisting of a sparse-sampled mosaic of 39 Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 images which extends to a cluster radius of 5 Mpc. [Abridged] We examine both the morphology-radius (T-R) and morphology-density (T-Sigma) relations and demonstrate sensitivities adequate for measures from the core to a radius of 5 Mpc, spanning over 3 decades in local projected density. The fraction of early-type galaxies declines steeply from the cluster center to 1 Mpc radius and more gradually thereafter, asymptoting towards the field value at the periphery. We discuss our results in the context of three distinct cluster zones, defined according to different physical processes that may be effective in transforming galaxy morphology in each. By treating infalling galaxies as isolated test particles, we deduce that the most likely processes responsible for the mild gradient in the morphological mix outside the virial radius are harassment and starvation. Although more data are needed to pin down the exact mechanisms, starvation seems more promising in that it would naturally explain the stellar and dynamical homogeneity of cluster E/S0s. However, we find significant scatter in the local density at any given radius outside 0.5 Mpc, and that the same T-Sigma relation holds in subregions of the cluster, independent of location. In this hitherto unprobed region, where the potential of the cluster is weak, galaxies apparently retain their identities as members of infalling sub-groups whose characteristic morphological properties remain intact. Only upon arrival in the central regions is the substructure erased, as indicated by the tight correlation between cluster radius and Sigma.
description: ApJ, in press. 26 pages including 18 figures. Version with high resolution figures available at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~tt/0024/. v2: Minor changes to the headings of tables 3 and 4 to match version in press
Phases of N=1 SO(N_c) Gauge Theories with Flavors
Creators: name: Ahn, Changhyun
name: Feng, Bo
name: Ookouchi, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the phase structures of ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric $SO(N_c)$ gauge theory with $N_f$ flavors in the vector representation as we deformed the ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric QCD by adding the superpotential of arbitrary polynomial for the adjoint chiral scalar field. Using weak and strong coupling analyses, we determined the most general factorization forms for various breaking patterns. We observed all kinds of smooth transitions for quartic superpotential.
description: improved the presentation, shortened sections 2,3,4 and to appear in NPB
No Place Like (No) Home : Architecture and Displacement Through Storytelling
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Meena
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: This thesis explored my mother’s story of displacement in an attempt to show that storytelling can help create better architectural representation. While hearing my mother’s story, I realized that she had an interesting relationship with architecture and time.  She was forcefully moved from place to place without ever knowing what was going to happen next, and she would always make changes to her space in order to adapt to her needs. The current way to represent architecture does not represent this complex relationship with space. Architects need to develop new ways of representing the spaces that refugees live in and that highlight these temporal aspects. As a case study, I created a garment that incorporates elements of her story as a refugee as she verbally reported them to me, as well as visual representations of multiple places where she lived as a refugee.
Echinaster decanus Muller & Troschel 1843
Creators: name: Jangoux, Michel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
Spinulosida
Echinasteridae
Echinaster
Echinaster decanus

description: * decanus Müller & Troschel, 1843, Echinaster
Echinaster decanus Müller & Troschel, 1843: 114.
Plectaster decanus ‒ Clark 1996: 244. — Jangoux 2021: 225.
CURRENT STATUS. — Echinaster decanus Müller & Troschel, 1843.
REMARK
Original drawings of A. decanus are presented in Jangoux (2021: 227, fig. 12).
The species is distributed throughout the south coast of Australia up to Newcastel, and in Tasmania.
description: Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 280, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817
A scanning and image processing system with integrated design for automated micronucleus scoring
Creators: name: Hülber, Tímea
name: Kocsis, Zsuzsa S.
name: Enikő Kis
name: Sáfrány, Géza
name: Pesznyák, Csilla
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: Our aim was to design a compact and cost-effective optical microscopic system for automated non-fluorescent micronucleus (MN) scoring whose performance can reach the accuracy of visual scoring with the help of minimal user interaction and also gives an option for fully automatic scoring with an accuracy suitable for triage purposes. Materials and methods: The concept of Radometer MN-Series (RS-MN) microscopic system designed by Radosys was to develop hardware and software layers in parallel in order to optimize the performance in automated MN scoring. A MN assay slide is automatically scanned by the RS-MN then the binucleated cells and micronuclei are automatically identified. Processing 1000 cells takes 10–60 minutes by automatic scoring (scanning plus image processing) depending on sample quality and required accuracy. The manual revision of the cell gallery takes an extra 10 minutes per sample. Dose response curves are determined for manual, automatic and semi-automatic scoring methods. Results: The combination of object-sensitive autofocusing method and the multi-layer image acquisition is able to reduce the minimum resolvable dose by 14%. The MN yields obtained from the manual, semi-automatic and automatic scoring methods are well correlating (Pearson’s correlation coefficients are between 0.977 and 0.998). In order to compare the reliability of the results of visual and automatic scoring, an extended analysis on uncertainty contributors was performed. For a dose of 1 Gy, the estimated relative uncertainty from the Poisson characteristics of MN yield is 17–19% for the manual and 20–38% for the automated scoring. Other uncertainty factors (differences in donor radiosensitivity, scorer performance, and sample preparations) can contribute to this error fall within a similar range: 3–16%. Taking into account all of the possible uncertainties, the minimum resolvable dose for the manual (0.48 Gy) is the two-thirds of that of the automatic scoring (0.61 Gy). Conclusions: The results verify that the fully automatic mode of RS-MN is suitable for triage purposes. The performance of the user interacted semi-automatic mode is comparable with the reference manual scoring. Its performance reaches up to other non-fluorescent automatic systems and offers a compact and cost-effective alternative.
An introduction to the many-facet Rasch model as a method to improve observational quality measures with an application to measuring the teaching of emotion skills
Creators: name: Gordon, Rachel
name: F Peng
name: TW Curby
name: Zinsser, Katherine
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Recent reviews have called attention to limitations of existing observational measures of early childhood classroom quality, including low rater agreement, ceiling/floor effects, and imprecise estimation. We offer an introduction to the many-facet Rasch model (MFRM), discussing how it can be used to iteratively improve measures to address such limitations. We provide an example of applying the MFRM to develop the EMOtion TEaching Rating Scale (EMOTERS) in order to capture the practices that teachers use in support of children's developing knowledge, expression, and regulation of emotion. The MFRM produced fine-grained statistics about how 23 raters scored 1609 10-minute video occasions from 18 classrooms with EMOTERS Version 6. Results were compared to traditional rater agreement and internal consistency statistics. With an eye toward continuous measure improvement, we discuss planned revisions of the EMOTERS as well as implications for the application of the MFRM to other measures.
Aharonov-Bohm effect as a probe of interaction between magnetic impurities
Creators: name: Galitski, Victor
name: Vavilov, M. G.
name: Glazman, L. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of the RKKY interaction between magnetic impurities on the mesoscopic conductance fluctuations of a metal ring with dilute magnetic impurities. At sufficiently low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, the loss of electron coherence occurs mainly due to the scattering off rare pairs of strongly coupled magnetic impurities. We establish a relation between the dephasing rate and the distribution function of the exchange interaction within such pairs. In the case of the RKKY exchange interaction, this rate exhibits 1/B^2 behavior in strong magnetic fields. We demonstrate that the Aharonov-Bohm conductance oscillations may be used as a probe of the distribution function of the exchange interaction between magnetic impurities in metals.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Constraining planet formation around 6$M_{\odot}$-8$M_{\odot}$ stars
Creators: name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel
name: Hermes, J. J.
name: McDonald, Catriona H.
name: Kennedy, Grant M.
name: Meru, Farzana
name: Gänsicke, Boris T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying planets around O-type and B-type stars is inherently difficult; the most massive known planet host has a mass of only about $3M_{\odot}$. However, planetary systems which survive the transformation of their host stars into white dwarfs can be detected via photospheric trace metals, circumstellar dusty and gaseous discs, and transits of planetary debris crossing our line-of-sight. These signatures offer the potential to explore the efficiency of planet formation for host stars with masses up to the core-collapse boundary at $\approx 8M_{\odot}$, a mass regime rarely investigated in planet formation theory. Here, we establish limits on where both major and minor planets must reside around $\approx 6M_{\odot}-8M_{\odot}$ stars in order to survive into the white dwarf phase. For this mass range, we find that intact terrestrial or giant planets need to leave the main sequence beyond approximate minimum star-planet separations of respectively about 3 and 6 au. In these systems, rubble pile minor planets of radii 10, 1.0, and 0.1 km would have been shorn apart by giant branch radiative YORP spin-up if they formed and remained within, respectively, tens, hundreds and thousands of au. These boundary values would help distinguish the nature of the progenitor of metal-pollution in white dwarf atmospheres. We find that planet formation around the highest mass white dwarf progenitors may be feasible, and hence encourage both dedicated planet formation investigations for these systems and spectroscopic analyses of the highest mass white dwarfs.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Theory of Spin Transport Induced by Ferromagnetic Proximity On a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
Creators: name: McGuire, J. P.
name: Ciuti, C.
name: Sham, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of the proximity effects of the exchange splitting in a ferromagnetic metal on a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a semiconductor is presented. The resulting spin-dependent energy and lifetime in the 2DEG create a marked spin-splitting in the driven in-plane current. The theory of the planar transport allows for current leakage into the ferromagnetic layer through the interface, which leads to a competition between drift and diffusion. The spin-dependent in-plane conductivity of the 2DEG may be exploited to provide a new paradigm for spintronics devices based on planar devices in a field-effect transistor configuration. An illustrative example is provided through the transport theory of a proposed spin-valve which consists of a field-effect transistor configuration with two ferromagnetic gates. Results are provided for two experimentally accessible systems: the silicon inversion layer and the naturally-formed InAs accumulation layer.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
Investigating Exposure Learning of Family-Resemblance Categories
Creators: name: Jackson, Brooke
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2023

description:
One important type of category follows a family-resemblance structure. Family-resemblance category members share an overall similarity, but no criterial attributes define all members of the category. Many of the worlds natural categories follow a family-resemblance category structure (e.g., Rosch & Mervis, 1975). We can learn a single family-resemblance category merely by being perceptually exposed to members of the category even when there is no discussion of their category membership (e.g., Homa & Cultice 1984; Palmeri & Flanery 1999; Zabberoni et al., 2021). Research has shown that pre-exposure to category members benefits learning two family-resemblance categories simultaneously (Jackson et al., 2023), suggesting a role for perceptual learning in family-resemblance category learning. However, it is still unclear exactly what underlying mechanism generates this perceptual learning. Therefore, in these studies, I tested the MKM (McLaren, Kate, & Mackintosh) latent inhibition mode, attentional spotlighting, attentional weighting, and representational theories of perceptual learning as explanations of learning family-resemblance categories from exposure in four experiments. I hypothesized that exposure to relevant category members provides benefit to family-resemblance category learning because exposure allows participants to build cortical representations of the prototypes. This is consistent with representational models of perceptual learning.
Travel Time Prediction in Ride-Sourcing Networks: A Case Study for Machine Learning Applications
Creators: name: Sobhani, Ahmad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 80605 Decision Support and Group Support Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper explores the applications of machine learning for predicting the travel time in the ride-sourcing networks using the Uber movement dataset. Using the Python programming environment, a case study is presented to analyze the travel time of the ride-sourcing services from the central Washington D.C. to the given specific destinations by considering the distance, railway/subway and street density in different destination zones (areas) and also weather conditions. To this end, in the first step, a descriptive analytics is completed to include potential features (attributes) affecting the travel times of Uber (ride-sourcing) services. Then, machine learning techniques such as random forest and robust regressions are applied to identify key attributes (features) for the prediction of the average travel times. The findings and accuracy of the robust regression models are compared with the random forest to select the best model in predicting the mean travel time. This case study provides opportunities in data preparation, descriptive and predictive analytic topics covered in applied machine learning, data science and decision support system courses using data mining programming environments like Python and R. Students are also able to change the study area (city) for this case study based on their interest.
Echolocation using Deep Learning: An Experimental Approach
Creators: name: Ved Patel
name: Takáč, Martin
name: Agar, Joshua C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Echolocation
Deep Learning
Supervised Learning

description: Echolocation is the phenomena of locating objects in an environment by solely using the object's reflected signals. The dataset provides raw and pre-processed audio and image samples of a single and two object detection problem. The two compressed files: Single Object and Two Object each contains a Recording and Images folder with the raw audio recordings and object images respectively. Raw audio samples are processed to generate spectrograms of echo reflections and transformed into an X matrix. The image location labels in 2D coordinate space (i.e (x,y)) are created and transformed into a Y matrix. Pre-processed X and Y matrices are provided for each single and two object detection problem. The single object and two objects dataset contain 5,086 and 3,013 samples respectively. The specifics of the experimental design and the data collection process are discussed in the thesis. The thesis can be accessed at Lehigh Preserve (https://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd) under the Master's Thesis & Dissertation.
Electrochemical performance study of polyaniline and polypyrrole based flexible electrodes
Creators: name: Jnanendra Upadhyay
name: Trishna Moyi Das
name: Borah, Rajiv
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The increasing demand for compact and functional electronics has led to significant rise in research interest in the development of versatile energy storage systems. With this perspective notion, herein, we fabricated electrically conducting polymer-based flexible carbon cloth (CC) electrodes and assessed their electrochemical performance. Briefly, polyaniline nanofibers (Pani-NFs) and polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy-NTs) were synthesized by interfacial polymerization and reactive self-degrade template method, respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the as-synthesized nanostructured conducting polymers were characterized with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the Pani-NFs and PPy-NTs coated flexible CC electrodes was evaluated in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte with a potential window of −0.2 to 0.8 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The Pani-NFs and PPy-NTs coated electrodes yielded the maximum areal capacitance of 0.79 and 0.74 F.cm−2, respectively at a constant discharge current density of 10 mA.cm−2, which was determined from the charge-discharge curve during the discharging period. The results demonstrate the potential of the nanostructured conducting polymer-based flexible electrodes for portable and wearable energy storage applications.
Oligarchic growth of giant planets
Creators: name: Thommes, Edward W.
name: Duncan, Martin J.
name: Levison, Harold F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Runaway growth ends when the largest protoplanets dominate the dynamics of the planetesimal disk; the subsequent self-limiting accretion mode is referred to as ``oligarchic growth.'' Here, we begin by expanding on the existing analytic model of the oligarchic growth regime. From this, we derive global estimates of the planet formation rate throughout a protoplanetary disk. We find that a relatively high-mass protoplanetary disk ($\sim$ 10$\times$ minimum-mass) is required to produce giant planet core-sized bodies ($\sim$ 10 M$_{\oplus}$) within the lifetime of the nebular gas ($\la$ 10 million years). However, an implausibly massive disk is needed to produce even an Earth mass at the orbit of Uranus by 10 Myrs. Subsequent accretion without the dissipational effect of gas is even slower and less efficient. In the limit of non-interacting planetesimals, a reasonable-mass disk is unable to produce bodies the size of the Solar System's two outer giant planets at their current locations on {\it any} timescale; if collisional damping of planetesimal random velocities is sufficiently effective, though, it may be possible for a Uranus/Neptune to form in situ in less than the age of the Solar System. We perform numerical simulations of oligarchic growth with gas, and find that protoplanet growth rates agree reasonably well with the analytic model as long as protoplanet masses are well below their estimated final masses. However, accretion stalls earlier than predicted, so that the largest final protoplanet masses are smaller than those given by the model. Thus the oligarchic growth model, in the form developed here, appears to provide an upper limit for the efficiency of giant planet formation.
description: ScienceDirect already has the final published version here: dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00043-X
Casimir elements and Sugawara operators for Takiff algebras
Creators: name: Molev, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For every simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ we consider the associated Takiff algebra $\mathfrak{g}^{}_{\ell}$ defined as the truncated polynomial current Lie algebra with coefficients in $\mathfrak{g}$. We use a matrix presentation of $\mathfrak{g}^{}_{\ell}$ to give a uniform construction of algebraically independent generators of the center of the universal enveloping algebra ${\rm U}(\mathfrak{g}^{}_{\ell})$. A similar matrix presentation for the affine Kac--Moody algebra $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}^{}_{\ell}$ is then used to prove an analogue of the Feigin--Frenkel theorem describing the center of the corresponding affine vertex algebra at the critical level. The proof relies on an explicit construction of a complete set of Segal--Sugawara vectors for the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}^{}_{\ell}$.
description: 16 pages, minor changes
Entropy of the 3-brane and the AdS/CFT duality from a two-dimensional perspective
Creators: name: Cadoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two-dimensional (2D) scalar-tensor gravity theory is used to describe the near-horizon near-extremal behavior of black 3-branes solutions of type IIB string theory. The asymptotic symmetry group of the 2D, asymptotically anti de Sitter (AdS) metric, is generated by a Virasoro algebra. The (non-constant) configuration of the 2D scalar field, which parametrizes the volume of the 3-brane, breaks the conformal symmetry and produces a divergent central charge in the Virasoro algebra. Using a renormalization procedure we find a finite value for the central charge and by means of the Cardy formula, the entropy of the black 3-brane in terms of microstates of the conformal field theory living on the boundary of the 2D spacetime. We find for the entropy as a function of the temperature the power-law behavior $S\propto T^3$. Unfortunately, owing to a scale symmetry of the 2D model the proportionality constant is undetermined. The black 3-brane case is a nice example of how finite temperature effects in higher dimensional AdS/CFT dualities can be described by a AdS$_2$/CFT$_1$ duality endowed with a scalar field that breaks the conformal symmetry and produces a non-vanishing central charge.
description: 10 pages, RevTex file
Walking Exercise Habits and their Relationship with Cognitive Function and Mood in Older Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Creators: name: Gradone, Andrew
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2024

description:
Cognitive decline and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in older adults and associated with numerous adverse outcomes. Physical exercise may prevent and treat both cognitive decline and depressive symptoms in older adults. Walking is a particularly appealing exercise intervention because it is highly accessible, low-impact, safe, and generally well-tolerated. The goal of this project was to determine the associations among walking exercise habits, cognition, and depressive symptoms in older adults cross-sectionally and over time. Another aim was to examine the role of potentially relevant moderating variables, namely cognitive status, walking intensity, and midlife walking habits. The analyses included two years of publicly available data on walking exercise habits from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (ABC) Study and ancillary Cognitive Vitality Substudy. In these studies, participants aged 70 and older were assessed across several cognitive domains (i.e., global cognitive function, psychomotor speed, processing speed, executive function, and verbal memory) and completed the 10-Item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to model the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. This allowed for the inclusion of latent variables and multiple dependent variables in the same model. Findings from this study demonstrated that (a) walking exercise habits are associated with cognitive and mood benefits cross-sectionally and over two years; (b) these effects are mainly explained by the influence of demographic and physical factors (i.e., race, education, walking speed, and health status); (c) baseline cognitive status moderates the relationship between walking exercise habits and future global cognitive function, so that older adults with higher baseline cognitive status benefit more from exercise walking; and (d) older adults who walk at greater intensities demonstrate better cognitive functioning and mood at two-year follow-up. This study was limited in its ability to detect effects due to the lack of rigorous walking exercise measures. Future research should prioritize randomized controlled trials with robust measures where the benefits of walking exercise for older adults could be determined regardless of the impact of the covariates.
Arbitrarily long gaps between the values of positive-definite cubic and biquadratic diagonal forms
Creators: name: Ghidelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B05 (Primary), 11R37, 11R45, 11T06, 11T24 (Secondary)

description: For $s=3,4$, we prove the existence of arbitrarily long sequences of consecutive integers none of which is a sum of $s$ nonnegative $s$-th powers. More generally, we study the existence of gaps between the values $\leq N$ of diagonal forms of degree $s$ in $s$ variables with positive integer coefficients. We find: (1) gaps of size $O\left(\frac{\sqrt {\log N}}{(\log \log N)^2}\right)$ when $s=3$; (2) gaps of size $O\left(\frac{\log\log\log N}{\log\log\log\log N}\right)$ if $s=4$ and the form, up to permutation of the variables, is not equal to $a (c_1x_1)^4+b (c_2 x_2)^4+4 a (c_3x_3)^4+4b(c_4x_4)^4$.
description: 25 pages, preprint accepted upon revisions by the Journal of the London Mathematical Society
A review of quasi-periodic oscillations from black hole X-ray binaries: observation and theory
Creators: name: Ingram, Adam
name: Motta, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole and neutron star X-ray binary systems routinely show quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in their X-ray flux. Despite being strong, easily measurable signals, their physical origin has long remained elusive. However, recent observational and theoretical work has greatly improved our understanding. Here, we briefly review the basic phenomenology of the different varieties of QPO in both black hole and neutron star systems before focusing mainly on low frequency QPOs in black hole systems, for which much of the recent progress has been made. We describe the detailed statistical properties of these QPOs and review the physical models proposed in the literature, with particular attention to those based on Lense-Thirring precession. This is a relativistic effect whereby a spinning massive object twists up the surrounding spacetime, inducing nodal precession in inclined orbits. We review the theory describing how an accretion flow reacts to the Lense-Thirring effect, including analytic theory and recent numerical simulations. We then describe recent observational tests that provide very strong evidence that at least a certain type of low frequency QPOs are a geometric effect, and good evidence that they are the result of precession. We discuss the possibility of the spin axis of the compact object being misaligned with the binary rotation axis for a large fraction of X-ray binaries, as is required for QPOs to be driven specifically by Lense-Thirring precession, as well as some outstanding gaps in our understanding and future opportunities provided by X-ray polarimeters and/or high throughput X-ray detectors.
description: Accepted for publication in New Astronomy Reviews; 67 pages, 22 figures
A scanning and image processing system with integrated design for automated micronucleus scoring
Creators: name: Timea Hülber
name: Zs. S. Kocsis
name: E. Kis
name: G. Sáfrány
name: Cs. Pesznyák
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose – Our aim was to design a compact and cost-effective optical microscopic system for automated non-fluorescent micronucleus (MN) scoring whose performance can reach the accuracy of visual scoring with the help of minimal user interaction and also gives an option for fully automatic scoring with an accuracy suitable for triage purposes. Material and methods – The concept of Radometer MN-Series microscopic system (RS-MN) designed by Radosys was to develop hardware and software layers in parallel in order to optimize the performance in automated MN scoring. A MN assay slide is automatically scanned by the RS-MN then the binucleated cells and micronuclei are automatically identified. Processing 1000 cells takes 10-60 minutes by automatic scoring (scanning plus image processing) depending on sample quality and required accuracy. The manual revision of the cell gallery takes an extra 10 minutes per sample. Dose response curves are determined for manual, automatic and semi-automatic scoring methods. Results – The combination of object-sensitive autofocusing method and the multi-layer image acquisition is able to reduce the minimum resolvable dose by 14%. The MN yields obtained from the manual, semi-automatic and automatic scoring methods are well correlating (Pearson correlation coefficients are between 0.977-0.998). In order to compare the reliability of the results of visual and automatic scoring, an extended analysis on uncertainty contributors was performed. For a dose of 1 Gy the estimated relative uncertainty from the Poisson characteristics of MN yield is 17-19% for the manual and 20-38% for the automated scoring. Other uncertainty factors (differences in donor radiosensitivity, scorer performance, and sample preparations) can contribute to this error fall within a similar range: 3-16%. Taking into account all of the possible uncertainties, the minimum resolvable dose for the manual (0.48 Gy) is the two-thirds of that of the automatic scoring (0.61 Gy). Conclusions – The results verify that the fully automatic mode of Radometer MN-Series is suitable for triage purposes. The performance of the user interacted semi-automatic mode is comparable with the reference manual scoring. Its performance reaches up to other non-fluorescent automatic systems and offers a compact and cost-effective alternative.