cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Women's activism in resistance movements: A comparative analysis of Algeria and the Occupied Territories
Creators: name: Khawly, Carol Fawzi
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Patriarchy functions to maintain order through hierarchal relations of power by ascribing different roles to individuals based on gender. The activism of women in resistance movements generates a disruption of patriarchal order dissolving major barriers of gender relations between males and females. With this disruption, patriarchy can manifest itself through different forms of social constructions to maintain order, usually through the family, religion, or the state. The participation of Algerian and Palestinian women in resistance movements has allowed the contestation of patriarchal authority. This study shows why Palestinian women will eventually be more successful than Algerian women in defying traditional patriarchal constructions.
Mitigating Antestia Bug Damage and the Potato Taste Defect in Rwandan Coffee
Creators: name: Gerard, Andrew
name: Bigirimana, Joseph
name: Gerard, Andrew
name: Bigirimana, Joseph
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Coffee
subject: Antestia bug
subject: Potato Taste Defect (PTD)
subject: Rwanda

description: Key Findings • The potato taste defect (PTD) reduces the value of coffee in Africa’s Great Lakes Region, and in doing so decreases farmer incomes. • The antestia bug is an East African coffee pest that can cause up to 40% of coffee cherry loss. • While scholars have suggested that the antestia bug may cause PTD, a new study presents experimental evidence that controlling antestia reduces PTD. • This study also shows that Fastac (10% alpha-cypermethrin) and organic pyrethrum-based pesticides, when combined with pruning, are effective at controlling antestia and reducing PTD. • While the percentage of farmers using pesticide has increased since 2015, 24.41% of farmers still do not use pesticide. • Further, most farmers do not receive training on antestia control. • Policy recommendations to improve antestia and PTD control can be found on pages 4-5.
The effect of non-linear mutual friction on pulsar glitch sizes and rise times
Creators: name: Celora, Thomas
name: Khomenko, Vadym
name: Antonelli, Marco
name: Haskell, Brynmor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of pulsar glitches have the potential to provide constraints on the dynamics of the high density interior of neutron stars. However, to do so, realistic glitch models must be constructed and compared to the data. We take a step towards this goal by testing non-linear models for the mutual friction force, which is responsible for the exchange of angular momentum between the neutron superfluid and the observable normal component in a glitch. In particular, we consider a non-linear dependence of the drag force on the relative velocity between superfluid vortices and the normal component, in which the contributions of both kelvon and phonon excitations are included. This non-linear model produces qualitatively new features, and is able to reproduce the observed bimodal distribution of glitch sizes in the pulsar population. The model also suggests that the differences in size distributions in individual pulsars may be due to the glitches being triggered in regions with different pinning strengths, as stronger pinning leads to higher vortex velocities and a qualitatively different mutual friction coupling with respect to the weak pinning case. Glitches in pulsars that appear to glitch quasi-periodically with similar sizes may thus be due to the same mechanisms as smaller events in pulsars that have no preferred glitch size, but simply originate in stronger pinning regions, possibly in the core of the star.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, published version
Pycnomerus suteri Broun 1909
Creators: name: Lord, Nathan P.
name: Leschen, Richard A. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Pycnomerus
Pycnomerus suteri

description: Pycnomerus suteri Broun, 1909
(Figs. 418–419)
 Pycnomerus suteri Broun, 1909a: 393. Hudson 1923: 370. Hetschko 1930: 63. Maddison 2010: 426.
 Type locality: The Hermitage, Mount Cook.
 Broun number: 2781 (as given in May 1967: 178).
 Remarks: Broun based this species on a single specimen.
 Type material examined: Holotype (BMNH): card-mounted, “Type [round label with red border] // 2781. [in Broun’s hand] // Hermitage M t Cook. // New Zealand [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // Pycnomerus suteri. [in Broun’s hand]”.
description: Published as part of Lord, Nathan P. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2014, Illustrated Catalogue and Type Designations of the New Zealand Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea), pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 3809 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3809.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4918362
Parafermionic bases of standard modules for affine Lie algebras
Creators: name: Butorac, Marijana
name: Kožić, Slaven
name: Primc, Mirko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B67 (Primary) 17B69, 05A19 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we construct combinatorial bases of parafermionic spaces associated with the standard modules of the rectangular highest weights for the untwisted affine Lie algebras. Our construction is a modification of G. Georgiev's construction for the affine Lie algebra $\widehat{\mathfrak sl}(n+1,\mathbb C)$---the constructed parafermionic bases are projections of the quasi-particle bases of the principal subspaces, obtained previously in a series of papers by the first two authors. As a consequence we prove the character formula of A. Kuniba, T. Nakanishi and J. Suzuki for all non-simply-laced untwisted affine Lie algebras.
description: 30 pages, minor changes and corrections
Temperature dependent fluorescence in disordered Frenkel chains: interplay of equilibration and local band-edge level structure
Creators: name: Bednarz, M.
name: Malyshev, V. A.
name: Knoester, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the optical dynamics in linear Frenkel exciton systems governed by scattering on static disorder and lattice vibrations, and calculate the temperature dependent fluorescence spectrum and lifetime. The fluorescence Stokes shift shows a nonmonotonic behavior with temperature, which derives from the interplay of the local band-edge level structure and thermal equilibration. The model yields excellent fits to experiments performed on linear dye aggregates.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 3 of Contextual influences on the impact of a peer worker-led self-stigma program for people with mental health issues: protocol for an interventional implementation science study
Creators: name: Banfield, Michelle
name: Morse, Alyssa R.
name: Gulliver, Amelia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Evaluation questions (for discussion or written response).
Systematic Analysis of Groundnut Production, Processing and Marketing in Malawi
Creators: name: Nyondo, Christone J.
name: Nankhuni, Flora J.
name: Me-Nsope, Nathalie
name: Nyondo, Christone J.
name: Nankhuni, Flora J.
name: Me-Nsope, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Groudnut
subject: Peanut
subject: Value Chain
subject: Malawi

description: Key Findings • Groundnut productivity is very low due to farmers’ inability to economically access certified seed and follow recommended agronomic practices. • The groundnut seed market in Malawi is underdeveloped partly due to weak effective demand for improved seed. The low demand for certified seed is also partly caused by the dual problem of high seed rate in groundnuts (80 – 100 kgs needed per ha, depending on variety) and low seed multiplication ratio. • The formal output market system is also underdeveloped with less than 1% of total traded groundnuts being marketed through structured markets – contributing to low production and productivity as it fails to avail farmers the opportunity to sell at high lean season prices. • Aflatoxin contamination is a major problem affecting peoples’ health and lucrative markets access. Studies show that 6,344 deaths in Malawi can be attributed to aflatoxin-induced liver cancer. These deaths are estimated to cost the Malawi economy between US$25 million to US$1.3 billion annually (excluding costs associated with lost export markets). • For Malawi groundnut value chain to be up-scaled, heavy investments are needed in the seed and extension systems. Varieties developed need to target Malawi manufacturing sector and export markets demands. Heavy investments in aflatoxin contamination control are also needed. • Malawi also needs to explore and take full advantage of regional export markets and invest to formalize and regulate the existing large informal regional export market.
The extended tails of Palomar 5: A ten degree arc of globular cluster tidal debris
Creators: name: Odenkirchen, M.
name: Grebel, E. K.
name: Dehnen, W.
name: Rix, H. -W.
name: Yanny, B.
name: Newberg, H.
name: Rockosi, C. M.
name: Martinez-Delgado, D.
name: Brinkmann, J.
name: Pier, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using wide-field photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) we recently showed that the Galactic globular cluster Palomar 5 is in the process of being tidally disrupted. Its tidal tails were initially detected in a 2.5 degree wide band along the celestial equator. A new analysis of SDSS data for a larger field now reveals that the tails of Pal 5 have a much larger spatial extent and can be traced over an arc of 10 deg across the sky, corresponding to a projected length of 4 kpc at the distance of the cluster. The number of former cluster stars found in the tails adds up to about 1.2 times the number of stars in the cluster. The radial profile of stellar surface density in the tails follows approximately a power law r^gamma with -1.5 < gamma < -1.2. The stream of debris from Pal 5 is significantly curved, which demonstrates its acceleration by the Galactic potential. The cluster is presently near the apocenter but has repeatedly undergone disk crossings in the inner part of the Galaxy leading to strong tidal shocks. Our results suggest that the observed debris originates mostly from mass loss within the last 2 Gyrs. The cluster is likely to be destroyed after the next disk crossing, which will happen in about 100 Myr. (abridged)
description: 44 pages, including 14 figures (Figs.1,3 & 14 with decreased resolution), accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
DELIVERABLE 4.7 - Decision support system (DSS) for optimizing management strategies of tomato production under different stress conditions
Creators: name: Trajanov, Aneta
name: Dergan, Tanja
name: Marinko, Jurij
name: Panagiois Kalozoumis
name: Savas, Dimitrios
name: Ntatsi, Georgia
name: Fullana, Mateu
name: Àngel, Miquel
name: Ellenberger, Jan
name: Iannetta, Pete
name: Celi, Luisella
name: Carraro, Elisabetta
name: Mancuso, Teresina
name: Trentinaglia, Maria Teresa
name: Peri, Massimo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This document provides a description of the work carried out in Task 4.4 in WP4. Task 4.4a deals with prediction of resource-use efficiency of different tomato production systems using data mining modelling. In Task 4.4b we developed decision models that assess different tomato production systems with respect to RUE, environmental and socio-economic aspects.
Additional file 1 of Digital image analysis and machine learning-assisted prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer
Creators: name: Fisher, Timothy B.
name: Saini, Geetanjali
name: Rekha, T. S.
name: Krishnamurthy, Jayashree
name: Bhattarai, Shristi
name: Callagy, Grace
name: Webber, Mark
name: Janssen, Emiel A. M.
name: Kong, Jun
name: Aneja, Ritu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: The supplementary files include Figures S1-S10 of results, Tables S1 and S2 of the feature list, Methods S1 and S2 of feature extraction, and the supplementary file’s bibliography.
Women's activism in resistance movements: A comparative analysis of Algeria and the Occupied Territories
Creators: name: Khawly, Carol Fawzi
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440107
subject: Social and cultural anthropology
classificationCode: 440509
subject: Women's studies (incl. girls' studies)
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Patriarchy functions to maintain order through hierarchal relations of power by ascribing different roles to individuals based on gender. The activism of women in resistance movements generates a disruption of patriarchal order dissolving major barriers of gender relations between males and females. With this disruption, patriarchy can manifest itself through different forms of social constructions to maintain order, usually through the family, religion, or the state. The participation of Algerian and Palestinian women in resistance movements has allowed the contestation of patriarchal authority. This study shows why Palestinian women will eventually be more successful than Algerian women in defying traditional patriarchal constructions.
Additional file 2 of Contextual influences on the impact of a peer worker-led self-stigma program for people with mental health issues: protocol for an interventional implementation science study
Creators: name: Banfield, Michelle
name: Morse, Alyssa R.
name: Gulliver, Amelia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies: the StaRI checklist for completion.
The Middle of Nowhere. (Original writing)
Creators: name: Binnings, Eleanor
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The novel, The Middle of Nowhere, takes place in El Pozo, Colorado, a town born during the Gold Rush, which is faced with the question of development as a ski resort. An eighteen-year-old girl, who has always run away from her problems, comes to her family cabin outside of town to contemplate suicide. The discovery of her journal after her death affects other characters who try to understand who is at fault for her suicide.
The Middle of Nowhere. (Original writing)
Creators: name: Binnings, Eleanor
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3602
subject: Creative and professional writing
classificationCode: 360201
subject: Creative writing (incl. scriptwriting)

description: The novel, The Middle of Nowhere, takes place in El Pozo, Colorado, a town born during the Gold Rush, which is faced with the question of development as a ski resort. An eighteen-year-old girl, who has always run away from her problems, comes to her family cabin outside of town to contemplate suicide. The discovery of her journal after her death affects other characters who try to understand who is at fault for her suicide.
Rotation sensing with improved stability using point source atom interferometry
Creators: name: Avinadav, Chen
name: Yankelev, Dimitry
name: Shuker, Moshe
name: Davidson, Nir
name: Firstenberg, Ofer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Point source atom interferometry is a promising approach for implementing robust, high-sensitivity, rotation sensors using cold atoms. However, its scale factor, i.e., the ratio between the interferometer signal and the actual rotation rate, depends on the initial conditions of the atomic cloud, which may drift in time and result in bias instability, particularly in compact devices with short interrogation times. We present two methods to stabilize the scale factor, one relying on a model-based correction which exploits correlations between multiple features of the interferometer output and works on a single-shot basis, and the other a self-calibrating method where a known bias rotation is applied to every other measurement, requiring no prior knowledge of the underlying model but reducing the sensor bandwidth by a factor of two. We demonstrate both schemes experimentally with complete suppression of scale factor drifts, maintaining the original rotation sensitivity and allowing for bias-free operation over several hours.
description: C.A. and D.Y. contributed equally. The text consists of 6 pages, 6 figures
Mechanistic routes of taurine in human fibroblast cells as compared with human melanoma cells
Creators: name: Funkhouser, Margaret Gale
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology
classificationCode: 3211
subject: Oncology and carcinogenesis

description: Taurine or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is a non-protein amino acid found in high concentrations in a variety of cell types and in many cases represents the most abundant free amino acid present. Taurine is synthesized in the cell by the oxidation of hypotaurine and by the decarboxylation of cysteic acid. Taurine could be produced from several amino acid precursors: cysteine, cysteamine, serine and methionine. This study explored and compared the formation of taurine from radiolabeled precursors, ($\sp3$H) -serine, ($\sp{35}$S) -cysteine and ($\sp{35}$S) -methionine in human fibroblast and human melanoma fibroblast-like cells. Taurine was formed by de novo synthesis from all the labeled precursors tested. The predominant precursor for taurine formation was ($\sp{35}$S) -methionine, similarly it was also the predominant amino acid metabolized by both cell lines. The melanoma cells were found to synthesize taurine more readily than the normal fibroblasts, thereby suggesting that taurine plays an equally important role in the melanoma cells.
Enhancing Scalar Productions with Leptoquarks at the LHC
Creators: name: Bhaskar, Arvind
name: Das, Debottam
name: De, Bibhabasu
name: Mitra, Subhadip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model (SM), when extended with a leptoquark (LQ) and right-handed neutrinos, can have interesting new implications for Higgs physics. We show that sterile neutrinos can induce a boost to the down-type quark Yukawa interactions through a diagonal coupling associated with the quarks and a scalar LQ of electromagnetic charge $1/3$. The relative change is moderately larger in the case of the first two generations of quarks, as they have vanishingly small Yukawa couplings in the SM. The enhancement in the couplings would also lead to a non-negligible contribution from the quark fusion process to the production of the 125 GeV Higgs scalar in the SM, though the gluon fusion always dominates. However, this may not be true for a general scalar. As an example, we consider a scenario with a SM-gauge-singlet scalar $ϕ$ where an $\mathcal O(1)$ coupling between $ϕ$ and the LQ is allowed. The $ϕq \bar{q}$ Yukawa couplings can be generated radiatively only through a loop of LQ and sterile neutrinos. Here, the quark fusion process can have a significant cross section, especially for a light $ϕ$. It can even supersede the normally dominant gluon fusion process for a moderate to large value of the LQ mass. This model can be tested/constrained at the high luminosity run of the LHC through a potentially large branching fraction of the scalar to two jets.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, 1 table (It matches with the journal version)
Atomic diffusion in alpha-iron across the Curie point: an effcient and transferable ab-initio-based modelling approach
Creators: name: Schneider, Anton
name: Fu, Chu Chun
name: Soisson, Frederic
name: Barreteau, Cyrille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accurate prediction of atomic diffusion in Fe alloys is challenging due to thermal magnetic excitations and magnetic transitions. We propose an effcient approach to address these properties via Monte Carlo simulation, using ab-initio based effective interaction models. The temperature evolution of self- and Cu diffusion coeffcients in alpha-iron are successfully predicted, particularly the diffusion acceleration around the Curie point, which requires a quantum treatment of spins. We point out a dominance of magnetic disorder over chemical effects on diffusion in the very dilute systems.
Consistency relation for single scalar inflation
Creators: name: Gruzinov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single scalar field inflation with a generic, non-quadratic in derivatives, field Lagrangian is considered. It is shown that non-Gaussianity of curvature perturbations is characterized by two dimensionless amplitudes. One of these amplitudes can be expressed in terms of the usual inflationary observables -- the scalar power, the tensor power, and the tensor index. This consistency relation provides an observational test for the single scalar inflation.
description: 6 pages
Analysis of the Value Chains for Root and Tuber Crops in Malawi: The Case of Cassava
Creators: name: Kanyamuka, Joseph S.
name: Dzanja, Joseph K.
name: Nankhuni, Flora J.
name: Kanyamuka, Joseph S.
name: Dzanja, Joseph K.
name: Nankhuni, Flora J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Cassava
subject: Value Chain
subject: Malawi

description: Key Findings and Recommendations • Cassava productivity has increased over the past decade partly due to introduction of improved high yielding and pest and disease resistant varieties but yields still fall short of the potential. • Some of the factors constraining productivity growth include: over-recycling of seed among farmers and poor agronomic practices due to limited extension services. • Demand for cassava and associated products is increasing due to increasing urbanization where cassava offers one of the sources of cheap carbohydrates. The crop’s drought tolerant nature also offers one of the adaptation strategies to the impacts of climate change that Malawi is facing. • Cassava has a wide range of products that can be processed, including High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF), whose potential for wheat import substitution in the confectionary and brewery industries has not been fully exploited. Developing the cassava processing industry can contribute to reduction in Malawi’s high importation bill. • To improve Malawi’s cassava value chain, the following recommendations are made: significant investments in seed systems, greenhouses, irrigation, post-harvest, value addition and agro-processing technologies in response to identified market and industry needs; investments in research and extension on improved varieties, good agronomic practices, and pest and diseases prevention and control; and investments to link farmers, farmer organizations and processors through contract farming arrangements.
Additional file 1 of Contextual influences on the impact of a peer worker-led self-stigma program for people with mental health issues: protocol for an interventional implementation science study
Creators: name: Banfield, Michelle
name: Morse, Alyssa R.
name: Gulliver, Amelia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
School bullying and victimization among sexual and gender minority youth in Europe: Differences across country-level structural stigma environments
Creators: name: Roxo, Luis
name: Smart, Benjamin D.
name: Pachankis, John E.
name: Malm, Andreas
name: Bränström, Richard
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Bullying
subject: Gender minorities
subject: LGBTQ+
subject: Sexual minorities
subject: Structural Stigma

description: Sexual and gender minority individuals are more likely to have poor mental health, some physical health concerns, and poor life-satisfaction. Previous research has shown an association between adverse health outcomes and structural stigma, dependent on the environment where one lives. Sexual and gender minorities’ increased risk of poor health seems to begin in early adolescence, possibly associated with this group’s higher exposure to adverse interpersonal events (e.g., bullying and victimization).

This study aims to analyze the influence of country-level structural stigma surrounding sexual and gender minority individuals as predictors of exposure to adverse interpersonal events among sexual and gender minority youth across Europe, as well as to identify potential sub-group differences on this association.

We will use data from the European Union Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex (EU-LGBTI) 2019 Survey, from 30 European countries, from participants between 15 and 17 years of age, and self-identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or other sexual or gender minority status. We will use multilevel models to understand the association between adverse interpersonal events (i.e., victimization, discrimination and bullying) and structural stigma (i.e., legislation and population attitudes towards sexual and gender minorities at a country-level). We will employ moderation analyses to test if this association is moderated by gender identity, openness about identity, and socioeconomic status.
AN ANALYSIS OF MALAWI’S PIGEON PEA VALUE CHAIN
Creators: name: Me-Nsope, Nathalie M.
name: Nankhuni, Flora J.
name: Me-Nsope, Nathalie M.
name: Nankhuni, Flora J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Pigeon pea
subject: Value Chain
subject: Malawi

description: Background : Pigeon pea (Cajunus Cajan) is a crop that is well adapted in the semi-arid tropics. The legume is also highly drought tolerant (compared to maize, tobacco and cotton), and its long taproot is advantageous in accessing nutrients in deeper soil profiles (Snapp et al. 2003). The crop is also well adapted to the needs of poor smallholder farmers in the semi-arid tropics (Jones, Freeman, and Le Monaco 2002), because compared to maize, an important cash crop in Malawi, pigeon pea production is less resource intensive.1 Because of its adaptation to the agro-ecology in eastern Kenya, southern Malawi, northern Mozambique, southern Tanzania and northern Uganda, pigeon pea is a legume of choice grown by local population and the crop is particularly important in the diets in these regions (Jones, Freeman, and Le Monaco 2002). Smallholder farmers in eastern and southern Africa grow pigeon pea for subsistence and as a cash crop (Jones, Freeman, and Le Monaco 2002). At the household-level, the plant has multiple uses— its dried seed, pods and immature seeds are consumed as green vegetables; the leaves and stems are used for fodder and the dry stems are used as fuel (Simtowe et al. 2010). Compared to the dominant maize crop, pigeon pea grain has a high protein content of 21 to 25 percent (ibid), thus making it a valuable source of protein for many poor families who cannot afford other sources of protein, such as dairy and meat (Me-Nsope and Larkins 2016). The crop is also promoted in Malawi for its potential contribution to soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation as well as from the leaf fall and recycling of the nutrients (Mhango, Snapp, and Phiri 2012; Snapp et al. 2002). Pigeon pea also has a strong potential to contribute to national food security through market possibilities. Almost two decades ago, Orr et al (2014) found that in the southern region of Malawi, the legume accounts for approximately 20% of household income among poor farmers. Several studies observe the potential the crop offers to improve livelihoods of resource-poor farmers (Bie 2008; De Schutter 2010); Mula and Saxena 2010). Despite these numerous potential benefits, smallholders continue to face numerous challenges that limit their ability to reap these benefits. Several questions remain about the performance, competitiveness, and profitability of pigeon pea production and marketing, and the ability of the value chain to contribute to the food security and poverty reduction objectives of the country of Malawi.
Topological and holonomic quantum computation based on second-order topological superconductors
Creators: name: Zhang, Song-Bo
name: Rui, W. B.
name: Calzona, Alessio
name: Choi, Sang-Jun
name: Schnyder, Andreas P.
name: Trauzettel, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Majorana fermions feature non-Abelian exchange statistics and promise fascinating applications in topological quantum computation. Recently, second-order topological superconductors (SOTSs) have been proposed to host Majorana fermions as localized quasiparticles with zero excitation energy, pointing out a new avenue to facilitate topological quantum computation. We provide a minimal model for SOTSs and systematically analyze the features of Majorana zero modes with analytical and numerical methods. We further construct the fundamental fusion principles of zero modes stemming from a single or multiple SOTS islands. Finally, we propose concrete schemes in different setups formed by SOTSs, enabling us to exchange and fuse the zero modes for non-Abelian braiding and holonomic quantum gate operations.
description: Improvements in the descriptions of Majorana exchanges; Appendices are included. Comments are welcome!
Naming Scientists 2 (Famous People)
Creators: name: Freedman, Gili
name: Green, Melanie C.
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This is the second study in the naming scientists set of studies. We are preregistering our exclusion criteria, analyses, and hypotheses.
Mechanistic routes of taurine in human fibroblast cells as compared with human melanoma cells
Creators: name: Funkhouser, Margaret Gale
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Taurine or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is a non-protein amino acid found in high concentrations in a variety of cell types and in many cases represents the most abundant free amino acid present. Taurine is synthesized in the cell by the oxidation of hypotaurine and by the decarboxylation of cysteic acid. Taurine could be produced from several amino acid precursors: cysteine, cysteamine, serine and methionine. This study explored and compared the formation of taurine from radiolabeled precursors, ($\sp3$H) -serine, ($\sp{35}$S) -cysteine and ($\sp{35}$S) -methionine in human fibroblast and human melanoma fibroblast-like cells. Taurine was formed by de novo synthesis from all the labeled precursors tested. The predominant precursor for taurine formation was ($\sp{35}$S) -methionine, similarly it was also the predominant amino acid metabolized by both cell lines. The melanoma cells were found to synthesize taurine more readily than the normal fibroblasts, thereby suggesting that taurine plays an equally important role in the melanoma cells.
Experimental Test of Tight State-Independent Preparation Uncertainty Relations for Qubits
Creators: name: Sponar, Stephan
name: Danner, Armin
name: Obigane, Kazuma
name: Hack, Simon
name: Hasegawa, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The well-known Robertson-Schroedinger uncertainty relations miss an irreducible lower bound. This is widely attributed to the lower bound's state-dependence. Therefore, Abbott \emph{et al.} introduced a general approach to derive tight state-independent uncertainty relations for qubit measurements [Mathematics 4, 8 (2016)]. The relations are expressed in two measures of uncertainty, which are standard deviation and entropy, both functions of the expectation value. Here, we present a neutron optical test of the tight state-independent preparation uncertainty relations for non-commuting Pauli spin observables with mixed spin states. The final results, obtained in a polarimetric experiment, reproduce the theoretical predictions evidently for arbitrary initial states of variable degree of polarization.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
The Internal Structural Adjustment due to Tidal Heating of Short-Period Inflated Giant Planets
Creators: name: Gu, Pin-Gao
name: Bodenheimer, Peter H.
name: Lin, Douglas N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several short-period Jupiter-mass planets have been discovered around nearby solar-type stars. During the circularization of their orbits, the dissipation of tidal disturbance by their host stars heats the interior and inflates the sizes of these planets. Based on a series of internal structure calculations for giant planets, we examine the physical processes which determine their luminosity-radius relation. In order for young or intensely heated gas giant planets to attain quasi-hydrostatic equilibria, with sizes comparable to or larger than two Jupiter radii, their interiors must have sufficiently high temperature and low density such that degeneracy effects are relatively weak compared to those in a mature and compact Jupiter. Consequently, the polytropic index monotonically increases whereas the central temperature increases and then decreases with the planets' size. These effects, along with a temperature-sensitive opacity for the radiative surface layers of giant planets, cause the power index of the luminosity's dependence on radius to decrease with increasing radius. For planets larger than twice Jupiter's radius, this index is sufficiently small that they become unstable to tidal inflation. We make comparisons between cases of uniform heating and cases in which the heating is concentrated in various locations within the giant planet. Based on these results we suggest that accurate measurement of the sizes of close-in young Jupiters can be used to probe their internal structure under the influence of tidal heating.
description: 39 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Absence of fos-like-immunoreactivity within the suprachiasmatic nucleus following a transition into darkness
Creators: name: Johnson, Kimberly Ann
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The effects of darkness on the circadian system have not been analyzed with respect to c-fos expression. Male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were entrained to a light-dark (LD) cycle for 7 days before the transition into darkness (L/D) was advanced six hours (CT6). Induction of phase shifts in wheel-running and fos-like-immunoreactivity (FLI) within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) by the unanticipated L/D transition were examined in Experiments I and II. Photic-induction of FLI within the SCN was confirmed in Experiment III. The results showed that the unanticipated L/D transitions induced phase advances in wheel-running, but did not induce FLI within the SCN or the IGL. The lack of FLI within the entrainment pathway following L/D transitions supports other research indicating c-fos expression within the SCN is specific to photic stimulation.
Quantum Algorithms for Simulating the Lattice Schwinger Model
Creators: name: Shaw, Alexander F.
name: Lougovski, Pavel
name: Stryker, Jesse R.
name: Wiebe, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions) is a testbed for the study of quantum gauge field theories. We give scalable, explicit digital quantum algorithms to simulate the lattice Schwinger model in both NISQ and fault-tolerant settings. In particular, we perform a tight analysis of low-order Trotter formula simulations of the Schwinger model, using recently derived commutator bounds, and give upper bounds on the resources needed for simulations in both scenarios. In lattice units, we find a Schwinger model on $N/2$ physical sites with coupling constant $x^{-1/2}$ and electric field cutoff $x^{-1/2}Λ$ can be simulated on a quantum computer for time $2xT$ using a number of $T$-gates or CNOTs in $\widetilde{O}( N^{3/2} T^{3/2} \sqrt{x} Λ)$ for fixed operator error. This scaling with the truncation $Λ$ is better than that expected from algorithms such as qubitization or QDRIFT. Furthermore, we give scalable measurement schemes and algorithms to estimate observables which we cost in both the NISQ and fault-tolerant settings by assuming a simple target observable---the mean pair density. Finally, we bound the root-mean-square error in estimating this observable via simulation as a function of the diamond distance between the ideal and actual CNOT channels. This work provides a rigorous analysis of simulating the Schwinger model, while also providing benchmarks against which subsequent simulation algorithms can be tested.
The cosmological constant and the paradigm of adiabaticity
Creators: name: Trotta, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the value of the cosmological constant as recovered from CMB and LSS data and the robustness of the results when general isocurvature initial conditions are allowed for, as opposed to purely adiabatic perturbations. The Bayesian and frequentist statistical approaches are compared. It is shown that pre-WMAP CMB and LSS data tend to be incompatible with a non-zero cosmological constant, regardless of the type of initial conditions and of the statistical approach. The non-adiabatic contribution is constrained to be < 40% (2sigma c.l.).
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, to appear in New Astronomy Reviews, Proceedings of the 2nd CMBNET Meeting, 20-21 February 2003, Oxford, UK
Supernova Neutrino-Nucleus Physics and the r-process
Creators: name: Haxton, W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This talk reviews three inputs important to neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis in a supernova: 1) "standard" properties of the supernova neutrino flux, 2) effects of phenomena like neutrino oscillations on that flux, and 3) nuclear structure issues in estimating cross sections for neutrino-nucleus interactions. The resulting possibilities for neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis -- the neutrino-process -- in massive stars are discussed. This includes two relatively recent extensions of neutrino-process calculations to heavier nuclei, one focused on understanding the origin of 138La and 180Ta and the second on the effects following r-process freezeout. From calculations of the neutrino post-processing of the r-process distribution, limits can be placed on the neutrino fluence after freezeout and thus on the dynamic timescale for the expansion of the "hot bubble."
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, talked presented at "The r-process: The Astrophysical Origin of the Heavy Elements..."
Absence of fos-like-immunoreactivity within the suprachiasmatic nucleus following a transition into darkness
Creators: name: Johnson, Kimberly Ann
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The effects of darkness on the circadian system have not been analyzed with respect to c-fos expression. Male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were entrained to a light-dark (LD) cycle for 7 days before the transition into darkness (L/D) was advanced six hours (CT6). Induction of phase shifts in wheel-running and fos-like-immunoreactivity (FLI) within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) by the unanticipated L/D transition were examined in Experiments I and II. Photic-induction of FLI within the SCN was confirmed in Experiment III. The results showed that the unanticipated L/D transitions induced phase advances in wheel-running, but did not induce FLI within the SCN or the IGL. The lack of FLI within the entrainment pathway following L/D transitions supports other research indicating c-fos expression within the SCN is specific to photic stimulation.
Energy harvesting via co-locating horizontal- and vertical-axis wind turbines
Creators: name: Hansen, Michael
name: Enevoldsen, Peter
name: Abkar, Mahdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Co-locating horizontal- and vertical-axis wind turbines has been recently proposed as a possible approach to enhance the land-area power density of wind farms. In this work, we aim to study the benefits associated with such a co-location using large-eddy simulation (LES) and analytical wake models. In this regard, small-scale vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in triangular clusters are deployed within a finite-size wind farm consisting of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). Wake flow within the wind farm and the effect of VAWTs on the overall wind-farm efficiency are investigated and quantified. The results show that the optimal deployment of small-scale VAWTs has a negligible impact on the performance of HAWT arrays while increasing the total power production. For the particular cases considered here, the power output of the co-located wind farm increases up to 21% compared to the baseline case in which only the HAWTs are present. Also, by comparing to the LES results, it is shown that the analytical framework proposed here is able to accurately predict the power production of wind farms including both HAWTs and VAWTs. Next, as a real-world application, potential benefits of deploying small-scale VAWTs inside the Horns Rev 1 wind farm are explored for various wind directions using the calibrated wake model. The results show potential for about an 18% increase in the wind-farm power production, averaged over all wind directions, for a particular VAWT layout investigated in this study. The levelized cost of energy (LCoE) for the co-located wind farm is also assessed. The simulations finds that meanwhile the installation of VAWTs increases the annual energy production of the wind farm, it also increases the LCoE, which is caused by a) lack of operational data, and b) a low technology readiness level for VAWTs and floating foundations.
Additional file 1 of Attitudes of Israeli medical students towards the medical treatment of uninsured migrants
Creators: name: Mor, Zohar
name: Cadesky, Adam
name: Halleluyan, Ran
name: Sheffer, Rivka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Appendix 1. MSATU modifications from English to the Israeli setting
Activities of the Operating Room, October 1943
Creators: name: Martin, John, 1904-1996
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1943
Subjects: subject: World War II
subject: 12th General Hospital
subject: Surgery
subject: Surgical Procedures, Operative
subject: Surgical Equipment
subject: Equipment and Supplies, Hospital
subject: Hospitals, Military
subject: Anesthesia
subject: Wounds and Injuries
subject: Laundry Service, Hospital
subject: ʻAyn al-Turk (Algeria)
subject: Wounds and Injuries/therapy

description: These monthly reports consist of statistical tables that note the number of specific types of surgeries the 12th General Hospital Unit performed as well as information about surgical supplies.
A Conjugation Symmetry in Linear Electromagnetism, in Extension of Materials with Negative Real Permittivity and Permeability Scalars
Creators: name: Lakhtakia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If all space is occupied by a linear bianisotropic material--whether homogeneous or not--then the concurrent replacements of the permittivity and the impermeability tensors by the negatives of their respective complex conjugates and of the magnetoelectric tensors by their respective complex conjugates (in the Boys-Post representation) imply the conjugation of both E and H, in the absence of externally impressed sources. This conjugation symmetry in linear electromagnetism has observable consequences when the linear bianisotropic material occupies a bounded region.
description: 5 pages