cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability of Potential Vorticity Layers: A Route to Mixing
Creators: name: Esler, J. G.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Atmosphere, Upper
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The linear and nonlinear dynamics of layers of anomalously high potential vorticity (PV) are studied in detail. It is well known that PV layers are subject to slow, balanced, mixed barotropic–baroclinic instabilities. In this paper, it is shown that, in addition, PV layers are subject to a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, operating on much smaller spatial and faster temporal scales. For simplicity, spatially infinite layers of uniform anomalous PV are considered. Such layers are characterized by two key parameters: the ratio Δq of their anomalous PV to the background PV, and the angle α between the layer and the direction of the ambient stratification gradient (in suitably scaled coordinates). It is found that Kelvin–Helmholtz appears, for certain values of α, whenever Δq greater than 8. Of notable interest is the case of an initially vertical PV layer embedded in a weak ambient shear flow: for sufficiently large Δq, once the PV layer is tilted past a critical angle, Kelvin–Helmholtz instability becomes possible. It is argued that the breakdown of PV layers due to a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability induced by ambient shear might be an important systematic mechanism leading to irreversible mixing during stratosphere–troposphere exchange events. This is discussed in the context of an example of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability observed near a tropopause fold.
Calibration between Eustatic Estimates from Backstripping and Oxygen Isotopic Records for the Oligocene
Creators: name: Pekar, Stephen F.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Kominz, Michelle A.
name: Miller, Kenneth G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Submarine geology
subject: Chemical oceanography

description: Eustatic estimates from the backstripping of Oligocene sections are compared quantitatively with δ18O data. Each of the nine Oligocene δ18O events (maxima) identified in previous studies correlates with a stratigraphically determined sea-level lowstand. Oxygen isotopic records from planktonic foraminifers from western equatorial Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 929 indicate an isotopic increase of 0.16‰ per 10 m decrease in the depth of the ocean (apparent sea level, ASL). Amplitudes of ASL change also correlate with moderate- and high-resolution benthic for a min i fer al δ18O records from ODP Sites 803 (western tropical Pacific) and 929 and from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 522 (South Atlantic Ocean), with an isotopic change of 0.22‰ per 10 m of ASL change (r2 = 0.807 and 0.960, respectively), and with records from ODP Site 689 (Southern Ocean; 0.13‰ per 10 m of ASL change; r2 = 0.704). This correlation suggests that Southern Ocean deep-water temperature changes were smaller than tropical sea-surface temperature changes between million year–scale glacials and interglacials. It also suggests that the deep-sea Southern Ocean records may provide the best means to calibrate sea level to oxygen isotopes.
Gaugino condensation scale of one family hidden SU(5)', dilaton stabilization and gravitino mass
Creators: name: Kim, Jihn E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hidden SU(5)' with one family, 10 and 5-bar, breaks supersymmetry dynamically. From the effective Lagrangian approach, we estimate the hidden sector gaugino candensation scale, the dilaton stabilization and the resulting gravitino mass. In some models, this gravitino mass can be smaller than the previous naive estimate. Then, it is possible to raise the SU(5)' confining scale above 10^{13} GeV.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Studies in aeronomy, astrophysics, and astronomy, and, Fluctuations, noise and quantum electronics
Creators: name: Edwards, PJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The sixty publications selected for this thesis cover a period of forty years, from my time as a PhD student in the Physics Department of the University of Tasmania up to the present in 2002 as founding Professor of Electronic Engineering and Applied Physics and Director of the Centre for Advanced Telecommunications and Quantum Electronics at the University of Canberra. Many of the papers have been co-authored with research students and associates whose valued contributions I have acknowledged below. Unless otherwise stated I have only included accounts of work in which I have played a leading part. I have divided the papers, in some cases somewhat arbitrarily, into two groups which reflect my interests over this period: (a) Aeronomy, Astrophysics and Astronomy, and (b) Fluctuations, Noise and Quantum Electronics. Within these two groups I have attempted a further subdivision in which I have selected and presented papers to illustrate the development of specific concepts and lines of approach, usually in chronological order. This has meant the inclusion of a number of abstracts, short papers and two patent descriptions. (a) AERONOMY, ASTROPHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY The publications in this section cover a period of twenty seven years, starting with my PhD studies at the University of Tasmania in 1960. They include work performed at the University of Adelaide, the University of Texas at Dallas, the University of Otago and finally at the University of Canberra, prior to the commencement of my Work in the field of quantum electronics and quantum optics in 1989. (b) FLUCTUATIONS, NOISE AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS The papers in this section have a common theme: the analysis of physical systems and processes in which random and chaotic fluctuations play an important part.
Quantum and semiclassical spin networks: from atomic and molecular physics to quantum computing and gravity
Creators: name: Aquilanti, V.
name: Bitencourt, A. C. P.
name: Ferreira, C. da S.
name: Marzuoli, A.
name: Ragni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mathematical apparatus of quantum--mechanical angular momentum (re)coupling, developed originally to describe spectroscopic phenomena in atomic, molecular, optical and nuclear physics, is embedded in modern algebraic settings which emphasize the underlying combinational aspects. SU(2) recoupling theory, involving Wigner's 3nj symbols, as well as the related problems of their calculations, general properties, asymptotic limits for large entries, play nowadays a prominent role also in quantum gravity and quantum computing applications. We refer to the ingredients of this theory -and of its extension to other Lie and quantum group- by using the collective term of `spin networks'. Recent progress is recorded about the already established connections with the mathematical theory of discrete orthogonal polynomials (the so-called Askey Scheme), providing powerful tools based on asymptotic expansions, which correspond on the physical side to various levels of semi-classical limits. These results are useful not only in theoretical molecular physics but also in motivating algorithms for the computationally demanding problems of molecular dynamics and chemical reaction theory, where large angular momenta are typically involved. As for quantum chemistry, applications of these techniques include selection and classification of complete orthogonal basis sets in atomic and molecular problems, either in configuration space (Sturmian orbitals) or in momentum space. In this paper we list and discuss some aspects of these developments -such as for instance the hyperquantization algorithm- as well as a few applications to quantum gravity and topology, thus providing evidence of a unifying background structure.
Can Natural Variability Explain Observed Antarctic Sea Ice Trends? New Modeling Evidence from CMIP5
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Smith, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Climatic changes

description: The recent observed positive trends in total Antarctic sea ice extent are at odds with the expectation of melting sea ice in a warming world. More problematic yet, climate models indicate that sea ice should decrease around Antarctica in response to both increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion. The resolution of this puzzle, we suggest, may lie in the large natural variability of the coupled atmosphere‒ocean‒sea‒ice system. Contrasting forced and control integrations from four state‒of‒the‒art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, we show that the observed Antarctic sea ice trend falls well within the distribution of trends arising naturally in the system, and that the forced response in the models is small compared to the natural variability. From this, we conclude that it may prove difficult to attribute the observed trends in total Antarctic sea ice to anthropogenic forcings, although some regional features might be easier to explain.
Additional file 1 of Towards a single-assay approach: a combined DNA/RNA sequencing panel eliminates diagnostic redundancy and detects clinically-relevant fusions in neuropathology
Creators: name: Slocum, Cheyanne C.
name: Park, Hyeon Jin
name: Baek, Inji
name: Catalano, Jeff
name: Wells, Martin T.
name: Liechty, Benjamin
name: Mathew, Susan
name: Song, Wei
name: Solomon, James P.
name: Pisapia, David J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. A list of antibody clones, dilutions, and antigen retrieval methods used for IDH1, p53, and ATRX. Table S2:  A list of genes covered by the Oncomine Comprensive Panel v2.
Democracy and Debt
Creators: name: Ross, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Social structure
Economics
Social sciences--Research

description: "Another sign of a failed democracy is when a supranational body is allowed to bypass the power of an elected government in order to dictate policy, either directly or through setting terms that circumscribe choices. Most recently, sovereign debt crises have placed several Eurozone nations in this quandary; their economic affairs are largely determined by the European Union’s so-called troika—European Commission, European Central Bank, and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF has a long history in this regard as an enforcer for foreign bondholders, especially in imposing structural-adjustment policies on indebted nations in the global South. ... But what do we call a democracy that permits its financial elites to hold the citizenry in near-servitude through usurious debt contracts? Can a democracy be considered healthy when household debt so constrains populations that their life choices are effectively voided, and when the monopoly of creditors extends beyond the economic realm to the political control over lawmakers? These were the circumstances under which activists gave birth to Occupy Wall Street (OWS, Occupy) in the fall of 2011. In the four years since the collapse of Lehman Brothers precipitated the US financial crash, the asymmetrical treatment doled out to debtors and creditors had become so familiar and routine that the ubiquitous Occupy street slogan 'Banks got bailed out, we got sold out!' required no explanation. In Europe, where elites tried to pass on the costs of their sovereign-debt crises to the most vulnerable populations—the young and the poor—marchers favored a more defiant posture: 'We won’t pay for your crisis.'"
Response of the Midlatitude Jets, and of Their Variability, to Increased Greenhouse Gases in the CMIP5 Models
Creators: name: Barnes, Elizabeth A.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper
Climatic changes

description: This work documents how the midlatitude, eddy-driven jets respond to climate change using model output from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The authors consider separately the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, and the Southern Hemisphere jets. The analysis is not limited to annual-mean changes in the latitude and speed of the jets, but also explores how the variability of each jet changes with increased greenhouse gases. All jets are found to migrate poleward with climate change: the Southern Hemisphere jet shifts poleward by 2° of latitude between the historical period and the end of the twenty-first century in the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, whereas both Northern Hemisphere jets shift by only 1°. In addition, the speed of the Southern Hemisphere jet is found to increase markedly (by 1.2 m s−1 between 850 and 700 hPa), while the speed remains nearly constant for both jets in the Northern Hemisphere. More importantly, it is found that the patterns of jet variability are a strong function of the jet position in all three sectors of the globe, and as the jets shift poleward the patterns of variability change. Specifically, for the Southern Hemisphere and the North Atlantic jets, the variability becomes less of a north–south wobbling and more of a pulsing (i.e., variation in jet speed). In contrast, for the North Pacific jet, the variability becomes less of a pulsing and more of a north–south wobbling. These different responses can be understood in terms of Rossby wave breaking, allowing the authors to explain most of the projected jet changes within a single dynamical framework.
Large Cancellation, Due to Ozone Recovery, of Future Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation Trends
Creators: name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Previdi, Michael
name: Deser, Clara
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper
Climatic changes

description: The role of stratospheric ozone recovery in the Southern Hemisphere climate system, in the coming decades, is examined by contrasting two 10-member ensembles of Community Atmospheric Model (CAM3) integrations, over the period 2000–2060. Model integrations in the first ensemble are conducted with a complete set of forcings: greenhouse gas concentrations from the A1B scenario, SSTs from corresponding ocean-atmosphere coupled model integrations, and ozone starting with severe depletion over the South Pole and recovering by mid-century. The integrations in the second ensemble are very similar to the first, except that only the transient ozone forcing is specified, and all other forcings are kept at year 2000 levels. Specifying ozone recovery in isolation allows us to determine unambiguously how it impacts the atmospheric circulation. We find that, in DJF, most key indices of atmospheric circulation show significant trends in the second ensemble, due to the closing of the ozone hole. In the first ensemble, however, trends are found to be statistically insignificant for nearly all key circulation indices. This suggests that ozone recovery will result in a nearly complete cancellation (and possible reversal) of the atmospheric circulation effects associated with increasing greenhouse gases, in Southern Hemisphere summer, over the coming half century.
Helium Sedimentation and the UV Upturn in Brightest Cluster Galaxies
Creators: name: Peng, Fang
name: Nagai, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations with Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) show strong unexpected UV excess in the spectrum of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). It is believed that the excess UV signal is produced by old and evolved core-He burning stars, and the UV flux strength could be greatly enhanced if the progenitor stars have high value of He abundance. In this work, we propose that sedimentation process can greatly enhance the He abundance in BCGs. Our model predicts that the UV flux strength is stronger in more massive, low-redshift, and dynamically relaxed BCGs. These predictions are testable with the current generation of GALEX+SDSS observations.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, published in ApJL; minor changes, to match published version
The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets. II. A multi-planet system around HD9446
Creators: name: Hebrard, G.
name: Bonfils, X.
name: Segransan, D.
name: Moutou, C.
name: Delfosse, X.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Boisse, I.
name: Arnold, L.
name: Desort, M.
name: Diaz, R. F.
name: Eggenberger, A.
name: Ehrenreich, D.
name: Forveille, T.
name: Lagrange, A. -M.
name: Lovis, C.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Perrier, C.
name: Pont, F.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Udry, S.
name: Vidal-Madjar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a planetary system around HD9446, performed from radial velocity measurements secured with the spectrograph SOPHIE at the 193-cm telescope of the Haute-Provence Observatory during more than two years. At least two planets orbit this G5V, active star: HD9446b has a minimum mass of 0.7 M_Jup and a slightly eccentric orbit with a period of 30 days, whereas HD9446c has a minimum mass of 1.8 M_Jup and a circular orbit with a period of 193 days. As for most of the known multi-planet systems, the HD9446-system presents a hierarchical disposition, with a massive outer planet and a lighter inner planet.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Stasis and dynamism : bench seating inspired by liminal space
Creators: name: Dickson, PL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The bench seats that comprise this PhD submission were designed in response to the linear aesthetic of architectural spaces common to large public transit areas. The research project set out to demonstrate that bench seating can incorporate the tensions inherent to liminal space. As features of transit, dynamism and stasis were explored by referencing airports as examples of liminal spaces. The poetics of flight are integral to the project. The bench seating designs evoke the emotion and tension of liminal areas by dramatising the perspectival nature of these zones. These features are expressed in the design elements that suggest a balance between opposing forces: scale, cantilevers and illusory twists capture the state of being in-between. The project was pursued through exploring three concepts: liminality, SuperModernity and Hyper-Modernity, and the spatial engagement of the flaneur. These were investigated through Victor Turner's (1920-1983) ideas of liminality and liminoid spaces; Marc Auge's (1935-) theories on non-place; and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867), with particular reference to the fleineur in the modern city. These concepts are drawn out contextually in the exegesis through references to writers, designers, architects and artists who reflect the same desire to articulate a forward-looking positivity and a rejection of Post-Modern pastiche, including Antoine St. Exupery (1900-1944), Marc Newson (1963-), Eero Saarinen (1910-1961) and James Turrell (1943-). The outcome of the research was a body of three works: Variable Couplings, One, Another and (a fleeting) Encounter. These benches have the potential to enhance architectural space and user experience through their bold and engaging dialogue with interior architecture and the broader physical landscape. The main elements employed to achieve this are relationships between scale, aesthetics and positioning.
Metakognisi dalam pembelajaran
Creators: name: Maaruf, Mohamad Agus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170103 Educational Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 160506 Education Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Education
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: metakognisi adalah kemampuan pembelajar (learner) dalam merencanakan, mengontrol, mengevaluasi, dan merefleksi cara belajarnya sehingga menemukan strategi yang efektif untuk belajar secara mandiri dan mampu memformulasikan tujuan dan langkah-langkah yang akan diambil untuk pembelajaran lebih lanjut.Seorang pembelajar dengan kemampuan metakognisi yang baik akan dapat memprediksi sejauh mana mereka dapat memahami apa yang mereka pelajari dan apa yang harus dilakukan agar pembelajaran mereka lebih efektif, sehingga diperlukan strategi metakognitif, yaitu strategi atau langkah-langkah dalam melatih seseorang untuk membiasakan belajar dengan mengedepankan metakognisi, atau strategi melatih seseorang dalam belajar dengan mengedepankan Higher Order Thinking Skills dalam skema pembelajaran reflektif.
Physical Mechanisms for Vertical-CLVD Earthquakes at Active Volcanoes
Creators: name: Shuler, Ashley Elizabeth
name: Ekström, Göran
name: Nettles, Meredith K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Seismology
subject: Volcanoes
subject: Earthquakes

description: Many volcanic earthquakes large enough to be detected globally have anomalous focal mechanisms and frequency content. In a previous study, we examined the relationship between active volcanism and the occurrence of a specific type of shallow, non-double-couple earthquake. We identified 101 earthquakes with vertical compensated-linear-vector-dipole (vertical-CLVD) focal mechanisms that took place near active volcanoes between 1976 and 2009. The majority of these earthquakes, which have magnitudes 4.3 less than or equal to MW less than or equal to 5.8, are associated with documented episodes of volcanic unrest. Here we further characterize vertical-CLVD earthquakes and explore possible physical mechanisms. Through teleseismic body-wave analysis and examination of the frequency content of vertical-CLVD earthquakes, we demonstrate that these events have longer source durations than tectonic earthquakes of similar magnitude. We examine the covariance matrix for one of the best-recorded earthquakes and confirm that the isotropic and pure vertical-CLVD components of the moment tensor cannot be independently resolved using our long-period seismic data set. Allowing for this trade-off, we evaluate several physical mechanisms that may produce earthquakes with deviatoric vertical-CLVD moment tensors. We find that physical mechanisms related to fluid flow and volumetric changes are incompatible with seismological, geological, and geodetic observations of vertical-CLVD earthquakes. However, ring-faulting mechanisms explain many characteristics of vertical-CLVD earthquakes, including their seismic radiation patterns, source durations, association with volcanoes in specific geodynamic environments, and the timing of the earthquakes relative to volcanic activity.
Enhanced imaging of microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis through improved image-reconstruction algorithms
Creators: name: Sidky, Emil Y.
name: Pan, Xiaochuan
name: Reiser, Ingrid S.
name: Nishikawa, Robert M.
name: Moore, Richard H.
name: Kopans, Daniel B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PURPOSE: We develop a practical, iterative algorithm for image-reconstruction in under-sampled tomographic systems, such as digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). METHOD: The algorithm controls image regularity by minimizing the image total $p$-variation (TpV), a function that reduces to the total variation when $p=1.0$ or the image roughness when $p=2.0$. Constraints on the image, such as image positivity and estimated projection-data tolerance, are enforced by projection onto convex sets (POCS). The fact that the tomographic system is under-sampled translates to the mathematical property that many widely varied resultant volumes may correspond to a given data tolerance. Thus the application of image regularity serves two purposes: (1) reduction of the number of resultant volumes out of those allowed by fixing the data tolerance, finding the minimum image TpV for fixed data tolerance, and (2) traditional regularization, sacrificing data fidelity for higher image regularity. The present algorithm allows for this dual role of image regularity in under-sampled tomography. RESULTS: The proposed image-reconstruction algorithm is applied to three clinical DBT data sets. The DBT cases include one with microcalcifications and two with masses. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that there may be a substantial advantage in using the present image-reconstruction algorithm for microcalcification imaging.
description: Submitted to Medical Physics
R code and output for "Improved two-step analysis of germination data from complex experimental designs"
Creators: name: Ritz, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: factorial designs
germination analysis
log-logistic models
replication
simultaneous modelling
visualization

description: This document contains all R code and output used for the manuscript entitled "Improved two-step analysis of germination data from complex experimental designs" , which describes an improved two-step analysis of germination data for complex experiments. The analysis involves simultaneous modelling of all estimated model parameters for separate fits of event-time data obtained from each container (Petri dish or pot). This approach allows visualization of observed cumulated data together with fitted curves.
Softening Gradient Plasticity: Analytical Study of Localization under Nonuniform Stress
Creators: name: Jirasek, Milan
name: Zeman, Jan
name: Vondrejc, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localization of plastic strain induced by softening can be objectively described by a regularized plasticity model that postulates a dependence of the current yield stress on a nonlocal softening variable defined by a differential (gradient) expression. This paper presents analytical solutions of the one-dimensional localization problem under certain special nonuniform stress distributions. The one-dimensional problem can be interpreted as describing either a tensile bar with variable cross section, or a beam subjected to a nonuniform bending moment. Explicit as well as implicit gradient formulations are considered. The evolution of the plastic strain profile and the shape of the load-displacement diagram are investigated. It is shown that even if the local constitutive law exhibits softening right from the onset of yielding, the global load-displacement diagram has a hardening part. The interplay between the internal length scales characterizing the material and the geometry is discussed.
description: to appear in International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering
Additional file 1 of From nanoparticles to crystals: one-pot programmable biosynthesis of photothermal gold structures and their use for biomedical applications
Creators: name: Nudelman, Roman
name: Alhmoud, Hashim
name: Delalat, Bahman
name: Kaur, Ishdeep
name: Vitkin, Anastasia
name: Bourgeois, Laure
name: Goldfarb, Ilan
name: Cifuentes-Rius, Anna
name: Voelcker, Nicolas H.
name: Richter, Shachar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Initial and finalTEM images of AuMu biosynthesis in various concentrations of PGM (10mg, 20mg, 30mg, 40mg and 50 mg in solution volume of 7 mL for pH 3 & pH 9 and 6mL for pH6) and at pH3, 6 and 9. Figure S2. TEM images of reaction kinetic phases of the AuMuN Pbiosynthesis under pH3 environment.A) The synthsis starts (phaseone) by the formation of spherical particles under k 1reaction rate.B) The fusion of spherical particles into complex triangular particles under k2 reaction rate in phase two. Figure S3. Kinetic analysis from the UV-V is data obtained from synthesis reaction at different PGM concentrations at different reaction times. The rate constant k was obtained from the slope of graph of logarithm of maximum AuNP plasmonic absorption peak at the final stage of synthesis reaction minus maximum AuMu plasmonic absorption peak at the beginning of the reaction infront of the reaction time [5, 45, 46]. The indication of time when the reaction began is the transition of the color from the Au ions + PGM solution: from pale yellow to pink (pH3), bluish (pH6) or red (pH9). Figure S4. Photothermalproperties of the AuMu complexes biosynthesized at different PGM concentration and pH.A) 1.7mg/mlPGM, B) 3.3mg/ml PGM, C) 5mg/mlPGM, D) 6.7mg/mlPGM, E) 8.3mg/ml PGM. The data show the maximum temperature reached under NIR laser irradiation vs. time of the reaction (errorof±1ºCand±1 min). Figure S5. MRSA growth in TS-broth over time in the presence of 1mg/mL of pure mucin. The MRSA inoculations were prepared at different starting concentrations (105,106, and 107) with control representing a sterile solution. Figure S6. MRSA growth vs. 808 nm laser irradiation for 0, 1, 3, and 5 min in the presence of 6x10-12 MauNPs (70 nm, biotinterminated).
The entropic landscape : exploring the intersection between digital media, large-scale drawings and sculpture in response to the cultural landscape of Zeehan, Tasmania, Australia
Creators: name: Ellmoos, Niels Neilsen
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This research is an investigation into a visual language as my response and reading of the narrative related to a sense of place in an altered landscape: a space where humans have carved their autobiography into the earth. Robert Smithson, in the 1960s characterised regions like these as the edges of post-industrialism or Nonspaces. They also exist as communities, holding onto an identity forged by their definitive history and cultural influences. Incorporated in the research is the exploration of ordinary or everyday landscapes within the context of Cultural Landscape studies. In focussing on the 'shaping' of the town and environs of Zeehan, a once burgeoning mining settlement on the West Coast mining strip of Tasmania, history, industrial archaeology and the impact on the natural environment are taken into account. Zeehan is a shadow of its dynamic past, a boom and bust story that is now enshrined in a local museum, and evident in the relics adorning the main street and surrounding countryside. It is a place of hidden history inextricably linked to the development of Tasmania. However in the new millennium the underground continues to be the lifeblood of this former silver boomtown. Seeking an appropriate format of presentation of this cultural landscape resulted in the development of installation-based artwork: an intersection between digital media, large-scale drawing and sculptural concepts. Re-interpreting and re-presenting the spirit of nature and technological interaction in the so-called Nonspace incorporates the exploration of a phenomenological approach as well as more formal methodologies. The research also examined the concept of the Nonsite. According to Smithson, the Nonsite was a representation or interpretation of a particular site: an abstract three-dimensional logical picture. With its integration of diverse media, the project relates to a field of artists and filmmakers working within the themes of Cultural Landscape (Jan Senbergs, Susan Norrie and Jem Cohen), Museum Strategy/Archaeology as Myth (Mark Dion, Alan McCollum), and The Grand Narrative (Joan Jonas, Kutlag Ataman and Bill Viola). I discuss their works in relation to matters concerning landscape and human intervention, historical discourse, fragmentation of time, the blurring of boundaries and the overlapping of genres. My original contribution to the field is to extend the presentation of the documentary film/video genre from an ostensibly two-dimensional medium to an installation based artwork within an art gallery space utilising the seemingly incongruent mediums of large-scale drawings and sculptural elements. Within this context the resulting narrative creates an environment, which both immerses the viewer and provides contemplation, presenting a re-interpretation of the Nonsite as reading of the Nonspace.
Reflection, Transmission and Trapping Dynamics of Lattice Solitons at Interfaces
Creators: name: Kominis, Yannis
name: Hizanidis, Kyriakos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface soliton formation and lattice soliton dynamics at an interface between two inhomogeneous periodic media are studied in terms of an effective particle approach. The global reflection, transmission and trapping characteristics are obtained in direct analogy to linear Snell's laws for homogeneous media. Interesting dynamics related to soliton power-dependent formation of potential barriers and wells suggest spatial filtering functionality of the respective structures.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Active region transition region loop populations and their relationship to the corona
Creators: name: Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio
name: Warren, Harry P.
name: Brooks, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationships among coronal loop structures at different temperatures is not settled. Previous studies have suggested that coronal loops in the core of an active region are not seen cooling through lower temperatures and therefore are steadily heated. If loops were cooling, the transition region would be an ideal temperature regime to look for a signature of their evolution. The Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode provides monochromatic images of the solar transition region and corona at an unprecedented cadence and spatial resolution, making it an ideal instrument to shed light on this issue. Analysis of observations of active region 10978 taken in 2007 December 8 -- 19 indicates that there are two dominant loop populations in the active region: core multi-temperature loops that undergo a continuous process of heating and cooling in the full observed temperature range 0.4-2.5 MK and even higher as shown by the X-Ray Telescope (XRT); and peripheral loops which evolve mostly in the temperature range 0.4-1.3 MK. Loops at transition region temperatures can reach heights of 150 Mm in the corona above the limb and develop downflows with velocities in the range of 39-105 km/s.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Stable Isotopic Evidence for Methane Seeps in Neoproterozoic Postglacial Cap Carbonates
Creators: name: Jiang, Ganqing
name: Kennedy, Martin J.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology
subject: Paleoclimatology

description: The Earth's most severe glaciations are thought to have occurred about 600 million years ago, in the late Neoproterozoic era. A puzzling feature of glacial deposits from this interval is that they are overlain by 1–5-m-thick 'cap carbonates' (particulate deep-water marine carbonate rocks) associated with a prominent negative carbon isotope excursion. Cap carbonates have been controversially ascribed to the aftermath of almost complete shutdown of the ocean ecosystems for millions of years during such ice ages—the 'snowball Earth' hypothesis. Conversely, it has also been suggested that these carbonate rocks were the result of destabilization of methane hydrates during deglaciation and concomitant flooding of continental shelves and interior basins. The most compelling criticism of the latter 'methane hydrate' hypothesis has been the apparent lack of extreme isotopic variation in cap carbonates inferred locally to be associated with methane seeps. Here we report carbon isotopic and petrographic data from a Neoproterozoic postglacial cap carbonate in south China that provide direct evidence for methane-influenced processes during deglaciation. This evidence lends strong support to the hypothesis that methane hydrate destabilization contributed to the enigmatic cap carbonate deposition and strongly negative carbon isotopic anomalies following Neoproterozoic ice ages. This explanation requires less extreme environmental disturbance than that implied by the snowball Earth hypothesis.
Enhancing blood flow and glucose uptake in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle
Creators: name: Genders, Amanda Joan
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A key aspect of insulin action on muscle glucose uptake is capillary recruitment, and loss of capillary recruitment is thought to contribute to muscle insulin resistance. Thus enhancing insulin-mediated capillary recruitment may improve muscle insulin sensitivity. Acute inhibition of the NO signalling pathway completely blocks capillary recruitment and reduces glucose uptake by 50%. NO signals via cGMP which is hydrolyzed by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Site specific NO signalling can be enhanced by inhibiting particular PDEs isoforms as shown by the use of Viagra¬¨vÜ in treating erectile dysfunction. PDE inhibition may therefore lead to an increase in capillary recruitment and glucose uptake. Thus the aim of this project was to determine which PDE isoforms are expressed in the muscle vasculature and whether inhibition of these PDEs could enhance glucose uptake and capillary recruitment in normal and insulin resistant rats. Skeletal muscle and aortic tissue were examined for PDE expression at both the mRNA and protein level, and immunohistochemistry used to determine the distribution of PDE expression in the vasculature. PDEs 1B, 5A, 9A, 10A and 11A were found to be expressed in the skeletal muscle vasculature. Zaprinast inhibits PDE isoforms 1, 5A, 9A, 10A and 11A and thus its effects were examined during hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamps in anesthetized rats. Zaprinast moderately increased insulin's effect on glucose uptake and capillary recruitment. To determine the effects of Zaprinast in a model of insulin resistance, a high fat fed (HFF) model of insulin resistance was developed. High fat feeding abolished insulin mediated capillary recruitment and significantly blunted insulin-mediated glucose uptake. In HFF rats, Zaprinast was unable to enhance insulin's metabolic and vascular effects. To further examine the defects in insulin sensitivity and NO signalling in HFF rats, an alternative capillary recruitment agent, methacholine was administered locally into one hindleg by retrograde infusion of the epigastric artery during hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamps. Methacholine was also unable to enhance insulin sensitivity in HFF rats. In conclusion, Zaprinast improved insulin-mediated capillary recruitment and glucose uptake in normal rats. The heterogeneous vascular expression of PDE isoforms indicates that an isoform specific PDE inhibitor may give a greater improvement in insulin sensitivity, particularly in the HFF model where insulin's effects are already blunted. However, the insensitivity of the HFF rats to methacholine and Zaprinast suggests that increasing NO signaling via raised cGMP formation may be difficult due to factors such as NO destruction in HFF rat vasculature.
Additional file 1 of Ultra-confined Propagating Exciton–Plasmon Polaritons Enabled by Cavity-Free Strong Coupling: Beating Plasmonic Trade-Offs
Creators: name: Wang, Yipei
name: Luo, Aoning
name: Zhu, Chunyan
name: Li, Zhiyong
name: Wu, Xiaoqin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biophysics
Space Science
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Supporting information including numerical methods and equations for characterization, parameters for the coupled-oscillator (COM) model, waveguiding properties of PEPP with varied MNW diameters, 3D simulations, and extending the strong coupling strategy to other structures.
Ionized Gas Towards Molecular Clumps: Physical Properties of Massive Star Forming Regions
Creators: name: Johnston, Katharine G.
name: Shepherd, Debra S.
name: Aguirre, James E.
name: Dunham, Miranda K.
name: Rosolowsky, Erik
name: Wood, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted a search for ionized gas at 3.6 cm, using the Very Large Array, towards 31 Galactic intermediate- and high-mass clumps detected in previous millimeter continuum observations. In the 10 observed fields, 35 HII regions are identified, of which 20 are newly discovered. Many of the HII regions are multiply peaked indicating the presence of a cluster of massive stars. We find that the ionized gas tends to be associated towards the millimeter clumps; of the 31 millimeter clumps observed, 9 of these appear to be physically related to ionized gas, and a further 6 have ionized gas emission within 1'. For clumps with associated ionized gas, the combined mass of the ionizing massive stars is compared to the clump masses to provide an estimate of the instantaneous star formation efficiency. These values range from a few percent to 25%, and have an average of 7 +/- 8%. We also find a correlation between the clump mass and the mass of the ionizing massive stars within it, which is consistent with a power law. This result is comparable to the prediction of star formation by competitive accretion that a power law relationship exists between the mass of the most massive star in a cluster and the total mass of the remaining stars.
description: 67 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
The Weak Temperature Gradient Approximation and Balanced Tropical Moisture Waves
Creators: name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Nilsson, Johan
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper
Meteorology

description: Horizontal temperature gradients are small in the tropical atmosphere, as a consequence of the smallness of the Coriolis parameter near the equator. This provides a strong constraint on both large-scale fluid dynamics and diabatic processes. This work is a step toward the construction of a balanced dynamical theory for the tropical circulation that is based on this constraint, and in which the diabatic processes are explicit and interactive. The authors first derive the basic fluid-dynamical scaling under the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation in a shallow water system with a fixed mass source representing an externally imposed heating. This derivation follows an earlier similar one by Held and Hoskins, but extends the analysis to the nonlinear case (though on an f plane), examines the resulting system in more detail, and presents a solution for an axisymmetric “top-hat” forcing. The system is truly balanced, having no gravity waves, but is different from other balance models in that the heating is included a priori in the scaling. The WTG scaling is then applied to a linear moist model in which the convective heating is controlled by a moisture variable that is advected by the flow. This moist model is derived from the Quasi-equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model (QTCM) equations of Neelin and Zeng but can be viewed as somewhat more general. A number of additional approximations are made in order to consider balanced dynamical modes, apparently not studied previously, which owe their existence to interactions of the moisture and flow fields. A particularly interesting mode arises on an f plane with a constant background moisture gradient. In the limit of low frequency and zero meridional wavenumber this mode has a dispersion relation mathematically identical to that of a barotropic Rossby wave, though the phase speed is eastward (for moisture decreasing poleward in the background state) and the propagation mechanism is quite different. This mode also has significant positive growth rate for low wavenumbers. The addition of the β effect complicates matters. For typical parameters, when β is included the direction of phase propagation is ambiguous, and the growth rate reduced, as the effects of the background gradients in moisture and planetary vorticity appear to cancel to a large degree. Possible relevance to intraseasonal variability and easterly wave dynamics is briefly discussed.
Capital-output ratio and economic development : |b studies in conception and application, with special reference to planning experience in the U.A.R.
Creators: name: Korayem, Karima Aly Mohamed
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The capital-output ratio has been widely used by economists and econometricians in model building for policy purposes in both developed and developing countries. Particularly in the developing economies, where planning has been an important feature of economic policy, the projection of output and investment requirements in different sectors is often based on the capital-output ratio. In the First Five-Year Plan of the United Arab Republic (U.A.R.), planners have basically used the incremental capital-output ratio for broad general sectors to derive investment requirements therein. The plan's realizations fell short of the target. This was natural and to be expected in a first effort to plan economic development. However, this raises many important questions. Was the discrepancy between the realization and the target in the First Five-Year Plan due to the very nature of the capital-output ratio technique itself? To what extent did changing external conditions lead to such discrepancy? In order to attempt an answer to these questions, it is necessary to be aware of the meaning, limitations and problems of measuring the capital-output ratio. This is the subject matter of Chapter II. Chapter III is devoted to searching the answers to the question raised in the previous paragraph. The trend of the capital-output ratio is vitally important for the developing countries with scarce capital. This is because the higher is that ratio, the more investment will be needed to achieve a certain rate of growth. In our case: What is the likely trend of the capital-output ratio for U.A.R., and what are its implications for the future development of the country? Specifically, will the country face increasing, or diminishing, problems in the future as far as capital financing is concerned? Chapter IV will attempt to frame an answer to these questions based on both, theoretical argument and empirical evidence.