cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of a noise temperature measurement system for the Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment (HIRAX)
Creators: name: Kuhn, Emily R.
name: Saliwanchik, Benjamin R. B.
name: Harris, Maile
name: Aich, Moumita
name: Bandura, Kevin
name: Chang, Tzu-Ching
name: Chiang, H. Cynthia
name: Crichton, Devin
name: Ewall-Wice, Aaron
name: Gumba, Austin A.
name: Gupta, N.
name: Kesebonye, Kabelo Calvin
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
name: Kunz, Martin
name: Moodley, Kavilan
name: Newburgh, Laura B.
name: Nistane, Viraj
name: Naidoo, Warren
name: Ölçek, Deniz
name: Peterson, Jeffrey B.
name: Refregier, Alexandre
name: Sievers, Jonathan L.
name: Ungerer, Corrie
name: Sadr, Alireza Vafaei
name: van Dyk, Jacques
name: Weltman, Amanda
name: Wulf, Dallas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the design, implementation, and verification of a test-bed for determining the noise temperature of radio antennas operating between 400-800MHz. The requirements for this test-bed were driven by the HIRAX experiment, which uses antennas with embedded amplification, making system noise characterization difficult in the laboratory. The test-bed consists of two large cylindrical cavities, each containing radio-frequency (RF) absorber held at different temperatures (300K and 77K), allowing a measurement of system noise temperature through the well-known 'Y-factor' method. The apparatus has been constructed at Yale, and over the course of the past year has undergone detailed verification measurements. To date, three preliminary noise temperature measurement sets have been conducted using the system, putting us on track to make the first noise temperature measurements of the HIRAX feed and perform the first analysis of feed repeatability.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures
One-dimensional spin pyrochlore lattice: exact ground state and elementary excitations
Creators: name: Chen, Shu
name: Wang, Yupeng
name: Ning, W. Q.
name: Wu, Congjun
name: Lin, H. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the antiferromagnetic spin exchange models with $S=1/2$ and S=1 on a one-dimensional tetrahedron chain by both analytical and numerical approaches. The system is shown to be effectively mapped to a decoupled spin chain in the regime of strong rung coupling, and a spin sawtooth lattice in the regime of weak rung coupling with spin $2S$ on the top row and spin $S$ on the lower row. The ground state for the homogeneous tetrahedron chain is found to fall into in the regime of strong rung coupling. As a result, the elementary excitation for the spin-$ 1/2$ system is gapless whereas the excitation for the spin-1 system has a finite spin gap. With the aid of the exact diagonalization method, we determine the phase diagram numerically and find the existence of an additional phase in the intermediate regime. This phase is doubly degenerate and is characterized by an alternating distribution of rung singlet and rung spin $2S$. We also show that the SU(3) exchange model on the same lattice has completely different kind of ground state from that of its SU(2) correspondence and calculate its ground state and elementary excitation analytically.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, version published in Phys. Rev. B
Va a Paolo Simonetti il premio “Ernesto Capocci”
Creators: Mauro Gargano
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Si è svolta oggi a Napoli, nell’auditorium nazionale dell'Inaf, la cerimonia di consegna dell’Ernesto Capocci Scientific Award 2023 per il miglior articolo scientifico nel campo dello studio dei corpi del Sistema solare, assegnato a Paolo Simonetti dell’Inaf di Trieste
NOVEL STRATEGY TO PRODUCE NON-SPHERICAL POLYMERIC MICROPARTICLES FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND TISSUE ENGINEERING
Creators: name: De Alteriis, Renato
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: The aim of this study was to develop a general method to produce polymeric particles of non-spherical
shape and encapsulating labile biomolecules starting from previously fabricated spherical particles,
suitable for applications in the field of drug delivery and tissue engineering. The main concern was not
only to preserve the biological activity of such molecules during the production process, but also to
provide elaborate particles which could release bioactive moieties over a long time span. To date, this
demanding task is only addressed by particles which are spherical in shape. For instance, current
protein encapsulation technologies of polymeric microspheres have been optimized for effectively
protect their "protein cargo" from inactivation occurring in biological environments, preserving its
bioactivity during release up to several weeks. Nevertheless, the scenario of drug delivery and tissue
engineering would be greatly expanded by strategies that enable the production of particles both with
complex shape and with the beneficial properties of spherical particles.
Therefore, as a proof of principle, it is has been developed an easy and effective stamp-based method
to produce poly-lactic-glycolic-acid (PLGA) microparticles encapsulating Vascular Endothelial Growth
Factor (VEGF), with different shapes. It has been demonstrated that PLGA microspheres can be
deformed at room temperature exploiting solvent/non-solvent plasticization. To predict the depression
of the glass transition temperature of the polymer due to solvent sorption, a thermodynamic model
and measurements with a quartz crystal microbalance were employed.
Since the properties of the starting microspheres are not altered by the process conditions, this gentle
method allows to produce shaped particles which provide a prolonged release of VEGF in active form,
as verified by an angiogenic assay.
The retention of the biological activity of an extremely labile molecule, i.e. VEGF, let us to hypothesize
that a wide variety of drugs and proteins encapsulated in thermoplastic polymers can be processed
with this method.
It was also demonstrated that this method allows to produce shaped and porous microparticles made
of gelatin, which are of great interest in the field of tissue engineering. Furthermore, needle-shaped
microparticles for transdermal drug delivery, and sintered microparticles have been produced.
I dottor Jekyll e mister Hyde di una nuova fisica
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Un fotone di altissima energia associato al lampo gamma più potente finora registrato ha messo in crisi l’attuale modello che descrive questi violentissimi eventi celesti. Ora un team guidato da Giorgio Galanti dell’Inaf di Milano prova a far luce su questo fotone che non sarebbe mai dovuto arrivare sulla Terra, proponendo un’interpretazione che contempla la presenza di un’oscillazione tra fotoni e Alp, ipotetiche particelle previste dalla teoria delle stringhe
Su Encelado, biomolecole ed energia a gogo
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Che sulla luna di Saturno, Encelado, ci sia un elevato potenziale astrobiologico, era già chiaro. Adesso, grazie ai preziosi dati forniti dalla sonda Cassini, un team di ricercatori della Harvard University ha trovato le firme di altri ingredienti chiave per la vita e fonti di energia che forniscono ulteriori prove a favore dell’abitabilità di questo mondo ghiacciato. Tutti i dettagli su Nature Astronomy
Total kinetic energy release in the fast neutron-induced fission of 237Np
Creators: name: Pica, A.
name: Chemey, A. T.
name: Yao, L.
name: Loveland, W.
name: Lee, H. Y.
name: Kuvin, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The total kinetic energy (TKE) in the fast neutron induced fission of 237Np was measured for neutron energies from En = 2.6 - 100 MeV at the LANSCE-WNR facility. The post TKE release decreases non-linearly with increasing incident neutron energy and can be represented as TKE(MeV) = (174.38 +- 0.72) - (5.11 +- 0.5821) log10 En for En > 1 MeV. Analysis of the fragment mass distributions indicates that the decrease in TKE with increasing En is a consequence of two factors; shell effects fade out at high excitation energies, resulting in the increasing occurrence of symmetric fission, and TKEasym decreases rapidly at high En.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
On the dependence of the spectral parameters on the observational conditions in homogeneous time dependent models of the TeV blazars
Creators: name: Sauge, Ludovic
name: Henri, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of current models of TeV blazars emission assume a Synchrotron Self-Compton mechanism where relativistic particles emit both synchrotron radiation and Inverse Compton photons. For sake of simplicity, these models usually consider only steady state emission. The spectral features are thus only related to the shape of the particle distribution, and do not depend on the timing of observations. In this letter, we study the effect of, firstly, the lag between the beginning of the injection of the fresh particles and the trigger of the observation, and secondly, of a finite injection duration. We illustrate these effects considering an analytical time-dependent model of the synchrotron emission by a monoenergetic distribution of leptons. We point out that the spectral shape can be in fact very dependent on observational conditions if the particle injection term is time-dependent, particularly taking into account the effect of the time averaging procedure on the final shape of the SED. Consequences on the acceleration process are also discussed.
description: Letter to Editor, accepted for publication in A&A
Conversando con Twain, intelligenza non umana
Creators: Chiara Badia
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Possiamo dialogare con gli animali usando il loro linguaggio? La comunicazione con le altre specie è un tema che incuriosisce. Oggi si rivela anche un metodo inusuale per rilevare ed esplorare l'intelligenza non umana e, addirittura, per simulare potenziali future conversazioni con intelligenze extraterrestri. Un team di ricerca multidisciplinare, “Whale-Seti”, ha dunque studiato i versi e i richiami delle megattere per sviluppare filtri da applicare a segnali extraterrestri
Production experiment, subject 67
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 54-year-old male. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
Rogues, vagabonds, and actors : an essay on the status of the performing artist in British Columbia
Creators: name: Puttonen, Allan Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis seeks to develop background knowledge about actors in the Province of British Columbia. The British Columbia Labour Relations Act defines actors as employees. The federal Status of the Artist Act recognizes them as self-employed. How did this conflict arise, and how does it affect the role of actors in Canadian cultural life? The status of actors individually and severally under the Vagrancy Acts of England from 1572 is analyzed. The censure of. artists by a U.S. Congressional Committee in the twentieth century is reviewed. The international model of cultural self- determination and freedom of individual conscience as promulgated by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and UNESCO Charter is outlined. The arms-length model suggested in the 1951 Massey Report; and the 1957 Canada Council. Act is examined. The erosion of the arms-length principle in Canadian cultural affairs is linked to the politicizing of the arts in Canada: art production coupled with social policy and political initiatives in the 1970's; the cultural industries identified as a source of economic benefits in the 1980's; and regional industrial strategy initiatives presented as cultural policy in the 1990's. In conclusion, an assessment of current trends in cultural policy affecting actors' status, rights, professional development, and artistic freedom in British Columbia is followed by a draft Status of the Artist Act, policy recommendations in culture, and a proposal for an Actors' Development Company.
Kinematics and dynamics of the M51-type galaxy pair NGC 3893/96 (KPG 302)
Creators: name: Fuentes-Carrera, Isaura
name: Rosado, Margarita
name: Amram, Philippe
name: Salo, Heikki
name: Laurikainen, Eija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the kinematics and dynamics of the M51-type interacting galaxy pair KPG 302 (NGC 3893/96). We analyse the distribution of the dark matter (DM) halo of the main galaxy in order to explore possible differences between DM halos of "isolated" galaxies and those of galaxies belonging to a pair. The velocity field of each galaxy was obtained using scanning Fabry-Perot interferometry. A two-dimensional kinematic and dynamical analysis of each galaxy and the pair as a whole is done emphasizing the contribution of circular and non-circular velocities. Non-circular motions can be traced on the rotation curves of each galaxy allowing us to differentiate between motions associated to particular features and motions that reflect the global mass distribution of the galaxy. For the main galaxy of the pair, NGC 3893, optical kinematic information is complemented with HI observations from the literature to build a multi-wavelength rotation curve. We try to fit this curve with a mass-distribution model using different DM halos. We find that the multi-wavelength rotation curve of NGC 3893, "cleaned" from the effect of non-circular motions, cannot be fitted neither by a pseudo-isothermal nor by a NFW DM halo.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 11 pages, 9 figures and 2 tables
Submesoscale processes in the Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Chrysagi, Evridiki
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 333.7 Natural resources, energy and environment
subject: 530 Physics
subject: 550 Earth sciences

description: Recently discovered, ocean submesoscales have attracted attention due to their ability to change the upper ocean stratification and induce a downscale cascade of energy. Those motions have been studied mainly in the context of open ocean simulations and idealized configurations; however, their response during cooling and strong winds, is still unclear. Here, realistic simulations of the central Baltic Sea revealed not only that submesoscales are abundant in the basin but also that they are able to maintain shallow mixed layers during storms and quickly restratify between multiple wind events.
Natural modes of the two-fluid model of two-phase flow
Creators: name: Clausse, Alejandro
name: de Bertodano, Martin Lopez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A physically-based method to derive well-posed instances of the two-fluid transport equations for two-phase flow, from the Hamilton principle, is presented. The state of the two-fluid flow is represented by the superficial velocity and the drift-flux, instead of the average velocities of each fluid. This generates the conservation equations of the two principal motion modes naturally: the global center-of-mass flow and the relative velocity between fluids. Well-posed equations can be obtained by modelling the storage of kinetic energy in fluctuations structures induced by the interaction between fluids, like wakes and vortexes. In this way, the equations can be regularized without losing in the process the instabilities responsible for flow-patterns formation and transition. A specific case of vertical air-water flow is analyzed showing the capability of the present model to predict the formation of the slug flow regime as trains of non-linear waves.
All’origine delle supernove povere di idrogeno
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Gli astronomi dell'Università di Toronto hanno scoperto una popolazione di stelle massicce in sistemi binari che sono state private del loro involucro di idrogeno dalle loro compagne. La scoperta, pubblicata oggi su Science, fa luce sulle stelle che si ritiene siano all'origine delle supernove povere di idrogeno e delle fusioni di stelle di neutroni
Particle Physics and Symmetries in Noncommutative Geometry
Creators: name: Devastato, Agostino
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: In the context of the spectral action and the noncommutative geometry approach to the physical fundamental interactions, we extend the standard model of particle physics introducing a model based on a larger symmetry in the attempt to obtain a new scalar field, bringing the Higgs mass in the vicinity of 126~GeV and to cure the instability problem of the electroweak vacuum. We also investigate whether inclusion of dimension six terms in the Standard Model Lagrangian or gravitational contributions may cause the unification of the gauge coupling constants at high energy scale.
Stelle di neutroni in un laboratorio quantistico
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Le anomalie nella velocità di rotazione delle pulsar chiamate dai fisici “glitches” possono verificarsi anche in supersolidi ultrafreddi, che fungono dunque da versatili analoghi per studiare l’interno delle stelle di neutroni. Abbiamo intervistato la prima autrice dello studio che, su Physical Review Letters, riporta il risultato, Elena Poli dell’Università di Innsbruck
Additional file 6 of Development of an exercise programme for balance abilities in people with multiple sclerosis: a development of concept study using Rasch analysis
Creators: name: Sattelmayer, Karl Martin
name: Chevalley, Odile
name: Kool, Jan
name: Wiskerke, Evelyne
name: Denkinger, Lina Nilsson
name: Giacomino, Katia
name: Opsommer, Emmanuelle
name: Hilfiker, Roger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Correlation expert ratings and Rasch measure. File format: pdf. For each exercise the mean rank position of the expert round (i.e. physiotherapists’ ratings) is correlated with the Rasch measure. The four dimensions (i.e. “Stable BOS”, “Sway”, “Step” and “Walk”) are presented separately. Rank positions are indicated as E (expert round rank) and R (Rasch rank). For example, R1-E2 indicates Rasch 1st rank and expert round 2nd rank.
SM Precision Constraints at the LHC/ILC
Creators: name: Erler, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prospects for electroweak precision physics at the LHC and the ILC are reviewed. This includes projections for measurements of the effective Z pole weak mixing angle, sin^2 theta_W (eff.), as well as top quark, W boson, and Higgs scalar properties. The upcoming years may also see very precise determinations of sin^2 theta_W (eff.) from lower energies.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, talk presented at the VI Latin American Symposium on High Energy Physics (SILAFAE 2006), Hotel Krystal, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, Nov. 1-8, 2006
Towards the routine use of subdominant harmonics in gravitational-wave inference: re-analysis of GW190412 with generation X waveform models
Creators: name: Colleoni, Marta
name: Mateu-Lucena, Maite
name: Estellés, Héctor
name: García-Quirós, Cecilio
name: Keitel, David
name: Pratten, Geraint
name: Ramos-Buades, Antoni
name: Husa, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-analyse the gravitational-wave event GW190412 with state-of-the-art phenomenological waveform models. This event, which has been associated with a black hole merger, is interesting due to the significant contribution from subdominant harmonics. We use both frequency-domain and time-domain waveform models. The PhenomX waveform models constitute the fourth generation of frequency-domain phenomenological waveforms for black hole binary coalescence; they have more recently been complemented by the time-domain PhenomT models, which open up new strategies to model precession and eccentricity, and to perform tests of general relativity with the phenomenological waveforms approach. Both PhenomX and PhenomT have been constructed with similar techniques and accuracy goals, and due to their computational efficiency this "generation X" model family allows the routine use of subdominant spherical harmonics in Bayesian inference. We show the good agreement between these and other state-of-the-art waveform models for GW190412, and discuss the improvements over the previous generation of phenomenological waveform models. We also discuss practical aspects of Bayesian inference such as run convergence, variations of sampling parameters, and computational cost.
description: 25 pages, 18 figures. Data release: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4079188
Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Solid Targets using
Gaussian and Vortex Beams
Creators: name: Kiliyanamkandy, Anoop
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: This thesis presents a detailed investigation of laser ablation of solid targets with femtosecond (fs) pulses, focusing on three prominent aspects: 1) spatial and temporal evolution of the laser produced plume, in high vacuum condition; 2) nanoparticles generation in high vacuum and applications of nanostructured films in material science; 3) surface micro/nanostructure formation, in ambient condition. Most of the experiments were carried out on pure copper and silicon targets, and some of the results were compared with other metals as well. While the first two investigations were performed with a standard, fs laser beam with Gaussian spatial intensity profile, material surface structuring was carried out with spatially shaped optical vortex pulses, which are recently gaining an increasing interest in the field of fs laser ablation.
La nana bruna fluttuante campione dei pesi piuma
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Utilizzando il telescopio spaziale James Webb, un team di astronomi ha identificato una nana bruna fluttuante che si è aggiudica il titolo di campione dei pesi piuma. Con una massa di circa tre volte quella di Giove, è infatti la più leggera scoperta fino a oggi. Inoltre, nella sua atmosfera, è stata identificata la firma spettrale della presenza di idrocarburi. Tutti i dettagli su The Astronomical Journal
Cas A: lo sguardo di Jwst sulla regina
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Cassiopeia A è ciò che resta di una stella esplosa. Situata a 11mila anni luce dalla terra nella costellazione di Cassiopea, è uno dei resti di supernova meglio studiati del cielo. Il telescopio spaziale James Webb ci ha messo gli occhi sopra, regalandoci quest'immagine che mostra, con una risoluzione senza precedenti, il guscio in espansione del relitto stellare schiantarsi contro il gas rilasciato dalla stella prima che esplodesse
Additional file 1 of Persistent hyperglycemia is a useful glycemic pattern to predict stroke mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Hou, Duanlu
name: Zhong, Ping
name: Ye, Xiaofei
name: Wu, Danhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental file 1. Search strategy. Table S1. Quality evaluation of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (cohort study). Table S1. Hou et al., 2021. Baseline characteristics of the study population and bivariate comparisons between patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes. Table S2. Hou et al., 2021. Comparisons of short-term outcomes between patients with and without persistent hyperglycemia. Table S3. Hou et al., 2021. Baseline characteristics of the study population and bivariate comparisons between short-duration and long-duration persistent hyperglycemia groups. Table S4. Hou et al., 2021. Comparisons of short-term outcomes between patients with short- and long-duration persistent hyperglycemia. Table S5. Hou et al., 2021. Comparisons of short-term outcomes between persistent hyperglycemia patients with HbA1c = 7%. Figure S1. Funnel plots of PH, AH, SH, non-PN for predicting post-stroke mortality and post-stroke hemorrhage [from upper left to upper right (A–B), middle left to middle right (C–D, E–F), lower left to lower right (G–H)]. Figure S2. egger: Egger’s test results of PH and non-PH groups in the general population, PH and non-PH groups without DM, AH and PH groups without DM, and AH and PN groups without DM for predicting post-stroke mortality. Figure S3. Forest plot of PH and non-PH for predicting mortality in patients with ischemic stroke. Figure S4. Revised overall comparisons between PH and non-PH, AH and non-AH, SH and non-SH, PN and non-PN groups (revised figure 2A, removed some data that may cause heterogeneity).
Conformal symmetry of an extended Schrodinger equation and its relativistic origin
Creators: name: Hassaine, Mokhtar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper two things are done. We first prove that an arbitrary power $p$ of the Schrodinger Lagrangian in arbitrary dimension always enjoys the non-relativistic conformal symmetry. The implementation of this symmetry on the dynamical field involves a phase term as well as a conformal factor that depends on the dimension and on the exponent. This non-relativistic conformal symmetry is shown to have its origin on the conformal isometry of the power $p$ of the Klein-Gordon Lagrangian in one higher dimension which is related to the phase of the complex scalar field.
description: 6 pages. Some changes and references added
Einstein Telescope, 950 milioni di euro dal governo
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Il governo italiano è pronto a sostenere l’impegno finanziario per ospitare nel nostro Paese la grande infrastruttura di ricerca per lo studio delle onde gravitazionali che l’Italia si è candidata a realizzare in Sardegna. Marco Tavani (presidente Inaf): «L'Italia si propone a svolgere un ruolo di leadership mondiale dell'astrofisica delle sorgenti delle onde gravitazionali»
Reti neurali per riscrivere la storia della Via Lattea
Creators: Rossella Spiga
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Utilizzare tecniche di intelligenza artificiale è ormai necessario per analizzare enormi quantità di dati derivanti dalle grandi survey astronomiche multibanda. Con questo scopo è stato utilizzato per la prima volta in modo innovativo l’algoritmo QuadTree per estrarre in modo più efficiente le informazioni da grandi set di dati sugli ammassi stellari aperti. I risultati su The Astronomical Journal
The dual nature of blazar fast variability. Space and ground observations of S5 0716+714
Creators: name: Raiteri, C. M.
name: Villata, M.
name: Carosati, D.
name: Benítez, E.
name: Kurtanidze, S. O.
name: Gupta, A. C.
name: Mirzaqulov, D. O.
name: D'Ammando, F.
name: Larionov, V. M.
name: Pursimo, T.
name: Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
name: Baida, G. V.
name: Balmaverde, B.
name: Bonnoli, G.
name: Borman, G. A.
name: Carnerero, M. I.
name: Chen, W. -P.
name: Dhiman, V.
name: Di Maggio, A.
name: Ehgamberdiev, S. A.
name: Hiriart, D.
name: Kimeridze, G. N.
name: Kurtanidze, O. M.
name: Lin, C. S.
name: Lopez, J. M.
name: Marchini, A.
name: Matsumoto, K.
name: Mujica, R.
name: Nakamura, M.
name: Nikiforova, A. A.
name: Nikolashvili, M. G.
name: Okhmat, D. N.
name: Otero-Santos, J.
name: Rizzi, N.
name: Sakamoto, T.
name: Semkov, E.
name: Sigua, L. A.
name: Stiaccini, L.
name: Troitsky, I. S.
name: Tsai, A. L.
name: Vasilyev, A. A.
name: Zhovtan, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazar S5 0716+714 is well-known for its short-term variability, down to intra-day time-scales. We here present the 2-min cadence optical light curve obtained by the TESS space telescope in 2019 December - 2020 January and analyse the object fast variability with unprecedented sampling. Supporting observations by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope Collaboration in B, V , R, and I bands allow us to investigate the spectral variability during the TESS pointing. The spectral analysis is further extended in frequency to the UV and X-ray bands with data from the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. We develop a new method to unveil the shortest optical variability time-scales. This is based on progressive de-trending of the TESS light curve by means of cubic spline interpolations through the binned fluxes, with decreasing time bins. The de-trended light curves are then analysed with classical tools for time-series analysis (periodogram, auto-correlation and structure functions). The results show that below 3 d there are significant characteristic variability time-scales of about 1.7, 0.5, and 0.2 d. Variability on time-scales < 0.2 d is strongly chromatic and must be ascribed to intrinsic energetic processes involving emitting regions, likely jet sub-structures, with dimension less than about milliparsec. In contrast, flux changes on time-scales > 0.5 d are quasi-achromatic and are probably due to Doppler factor changes of geometric origin.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures, accepted by MNRAS
The probability distribution function of the SZ power spectrum: an analytical approach
Creators: name: Zhang, Pengjie
name: Sheth, Ravi K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SZ) signal is highly non-Gaussian, so the SZ power spectrum (along with the mean $y$ parameter) does not provide a complete description of the SZ effect. Therefore, SZ-based constraints on cosmological parameters and on cluster gastrophysics which assume Gaussianity will be biased. We derive an analytic expression for the $n$-point joint PDF of the SZ power spectrum. Our derivation, which is based on the halo model, has several advantages: it is expressed in an integral form which allows quick computation; it is applicable to any given survey and any given angular scale; it is straightforward to incorporate many of the complexities which arise when modeling the SZ signal. To illustrate, we use our expression to estimate $p(C_\ell)$, the one-point PDF of the SZ power spectrum. For small sky coverage (applicable to BIMA/CBI and the Sunyaev Zel'dovich Array experiments), our analysis shows that $p(C_\ell)$ on the several arc-minute scale is expected to be strongly skewed, peaking at a value well below the mean and with a long tail which extends to tail high $C_\ell$ values. In the limit of large sky coverage (applicable to the South Pole Telescope and Planck), $p(C_\ell)$ approaches a Gaussian form. However, even in this limit, the variance of the power spectrum is very different from the naive Gaussian-based estimate. This is because different $\ell$ models are strongly correlated, making the cosmic variance of the SZ band-power much larger than the naive estimate. Our analysis should also be useful for modeling the PDF of the power spectrum induced by gravitational lensing at large $\ell$.
description: v2: added one figure and discussions. Will appear in ApJ December issue. 12 pages, 8 figures
Grandi dubbi sulle grandi esolune
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Così come è ragionevole supporre che attorno alle stelle della Via Lattea orbitino pianeti, è altrettanto plausibile che le lune intorno a questi pianeti non siano affatto rare. Finora però sono solo due le candidate esolune, sebbene gli esopianeti conosciuti siano oltre 5500. E oggi una nuova analisi pubblicata su Nature Astronomy mette in dubbio anche quelle uniche due
Rotational spectra of vibrationally excited AlO and TiO in oxygen rich stars
Creators: name: Danilovich, T.
name: Gottlieb, C. A.
name: Decin, L.
name: Richards, A. M. S.
name: Lee, K. L. K.
name: Kaminski, T.
name: Patel, N. A.
name: Young, K. H.
name: Menten, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotational transitions in vibrationally excited AlO and TiO -- two possible precursors of dust -- were observed in the 300 GHz range (1 mm wavelength) towards the oxygen rich AGB stars R Dor and IK Tau with ALMA, and vibrationally excited AlO was observed towards the red supergiant VY CMa with the SMA. The $J=11 \to 10$ transition of TiO in the $v=1~{\rm{and}}~2$ levels, and the $N = 9 \to 8$ transition in the $v=2$ level of AlO were identified towards R Dor; the $J=11 \to 10$ line of TiO was identified in the $v=1$ level towards IK Tau; and two transitions in the $v=1~{\rm{and}}~2$ levels of AlO were identified towards VY CMa. The newly-derived high vibrational temperature of TiO and AlO in R Dor of $1800 \pm 200$ K, and prior measurements of the angular extent confirm that the majority of the emission is from a region within $\lesssim2R_{\star}$ of the central star. A full radiative transfer analysis of AlO in R Dor yielded a fractional abundance of $\sim$3% of the solar abundance of Al. From a similar analysis of TiO a fractional abundance of $\sim78$% of the solar abundance of Ti was found. The observations provide indirect evidence that TiO is present in a rotating disk close to the star. Further observations in the ground and excited vibrational levels are needed to determine whether AlO, TiO, and TiO$_2$ are seeds of the Al$_2$O$_3$ dust in R Dor, and perhaps in the gravitationally bound dust shells in other AGB stars with low mass loss rates.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Feasibility study of volumetric modulated arc therapy with Halcyon™ linac for total body irradiation
Creators: name: Uehara, Takuya
name: Monzen, Hajime
name: Tamura, Mikoto
name: Inada, Masahiro
name: Otsuka, Masakazu
name: Doi, Hiroshi
name: Matsumoto, Kenji
name: Nishimura, Yasumasa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Beam arrangement of VMAT-TBI with Halcyon™.
Linear Stability of Ring Systems
Creators: name: Vanderbei, Robert J.
name: Kolemen, Egemen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a self-contained modern linear stability analysis of a system of n equal mass bodies in circular orbit about a single more massive body. Starting with the mathematical description of the dynamics of the system, we form the linear approximation, compute all of the eigenvalues of the linear stability matrix, and finally derive inequalities that guarantee that none of these eigenvalues have positive real part. In the end, we rederive the result that J.C. Maxwell found for large n in his seminal paper on the nature and stability of Saturn's rings, which was published 150 years ago. In addition, we identify the exact matrix that defines the linearized system even when n is not large. This matrix is then investigated numerically (by computer) to find stability inequalities. Furthermore, using properties of circulant matrices, the eigenvalues of the large 4nx4n matrix can be computed by solving n quartic equations, which further facilitates the investigation of stability. Finally, we have implemented an n-body simulator and we verify that the threshold mass ratios that we derived mathematically or numerically do indeed identify the threshold between stability and instability. Throughout the paper we consider only the planar n-body problem so that the analysis can be carried out purely in complex notation, which makes the equations and derivations more compact, more elegant and therefore, we hope, more transparent. The result is a fresh analysis that shows that these systems are always unstable for 2<=n<=6 and for n > 6 they are stable provided that the central mass is massive enough. We give an explicit formula for this mass-ratio threshold.
description: 20 pages, associated website is http://www.princeton.edu/~rvdb/JAVA/astro/galaxy/StableRings.html
Propagation dynamics of the circular Airy Gaussian vortex beams in the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: He, Shangling
name: Zhou, Kangzhu
name: Peng, Xi
name: Tu, Jialong
name: He, Yingji
name: Deng, Dongmei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the propagation dynamics of the circular Airy Gaussian vortex beams (CAGVBs) in a (2+1)-dimesional optical system discribed by fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (FNSE). By combining fractional diffraction with nonlinear effects, the abruptly autofocusing effect becomes weaker, the radius of the focusing beams becomes bigger and the autofocusing length will be shorter with increase of fractional diffraction Lévy index. It has been found that the abruptly autofocusing effect becomes weaker and the abruptly autofocusing length becomes longer if distribution factor of CAGVBs increases for fixing the Lévy index. The roles of the input power and the topological charge in determining the autofocusing properties are also discussed. Then, we have found the CAGVBs with outward acceleration and shown the autodefocusing properties. Finally, the off-axis CAGVBs with positive vortex pairs in the FNSE optical system have shown interesting features during propagation.
description: under review in Nonlinear dynamic
Additional file 1 of Implementation of a structured practical activity to analyse student healthcare worker perceptions and compliance with prescribed infection control procedures
Creators: name: Pelzer, Elise S.
name: Stewart, Zachary
name: Peters, Holly
name: O’Callaghan, Jessica
name: Bryan, Emily
name: Wager, Lucas
name: Chiruta, Juliana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Switching the sign of Josephson current through Aharonov-Bohm interferometry
Creators: name: Dolcini, Fabrizio
name: Giazotto, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the DC Josephson effect in a superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junction where the normal region consists of a ballistic ring. We show that a fully controllable $π$-junction can be realized through the electro-magnetostatic Aharonov-Bohm effect in the ring. The sign and the magnitude of the supercurrent can be tuned by varying the magnetic flux and the gate voltage applied to one arm, around suitable values. The implementation in a realistic set-up is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Fissione stellare ai confini della tavola periodica
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Un team di ricercatori guidato da Ian Roederer della North Carolina State University ha scoperto antiche stelle in grado di sintetizzare elementi con masse atomiche superiori a 260: più pesanti di qualsiasi elemento della tavola periodica presente naturalmente sulla Terra. E ha trovato al tempo stesso indizi concreti di processi di fissione nucleare in atto in queste stelle. I risultati sono pubblicati su Science
Psychological disorder and moral harm : conceptions of the victims of rape
Creators: name: Shea, Shannon Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This essay examines two perspectives from which to consider rape victims. The first perspective is adopted by psychologists and other professionals who treat rape victims. The second perspective is a moral framework that draws on fundamental Kantian insights into moral agency. Chapter One offers the theoretical basis of the first framework. Particular attention is paid to the diagnosis of rape victims as suffering from a specific disorder, rape trauma syndrome. Chapter Two further elaborates this framework. It considers the connection between rape trauma syndrome and an official mental disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder. I note some stresses induced in the notion of disorder by this assimilation. I also offer concerns about seeing both rape victims and rapists as suffering from mental disorders. Chapter Three draws on the philosophical literature, especially the work of Peter Strawson and other Kantian moral philosophers, as well as my own experiences as an advocate in a rape crisis center, to offer an alternative perspective. This framework asks us to see rape victims not as suffering a particular sort of mental disorder, but as needing to recover their sense of moral agency and worth in response to horrific evil.
Polarization-controlled selective excitation of Mie resonances of dielectric nanoparticle on a coated substrate
Creators: name: Pidgayko, D. A.
name: Sadrieva, Z. F.
name: Ladutenko, K. S.
name: Bogdanov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-index spherical nanoparticles with low material losses support sharp high-Q electric and magnetic resonances and exhibit a number of interesting optical phenomena. Developments in fabrication techniques have enabled the further study of their properties and the investigation of related optical effects. After deposition on a substrate, the optical properties of a particle change dramatically due to mutual interaction. Here, we consider a silicon spherical nanoparticle on a dielectric one-layered substrate. At the normal incidence of light, the layer thickness controls the contribution of the nanoparticle's electric and magnetic multipoles to the subsequent optical response. We show that changing the polarization of incident light at a specific excitation angle and layer thickness leads to switching between the multipoles. We further observe a related polarization-driven control over the direction of the scattered radiation.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Dispersoidbildung und Dispersoid-stabilität in Aluminium-Mangan-Legierungen
Creators: name: Kemsies, Richard Henrik
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 620 Engineering & allied operations

description: Für Stromschienen werden in der Regel Aluminium- oder Kupferwerkstoffe eingesetzt. Auf Grund des hohen und stark schwankenden Kupferpreises soll zukünftig vermehrt Aluminium als Leiterwerkstoff verwendet werden. Die Arbeit untersucht, wie eine gezielte Ausscheidung von temperaturstabilen Dispersoiden der Kriechwiderstand für den Einsatz bei Betriebstemperaturen bis 140 °C erhöhen kann, ohne die elektrische Leitfähigkeit zu verringern. Es wird das Ausscheidungsverhalten von Dispersoiden in Al-Mn-Legierungen untersucht und eine angepasste Wärmebehandlung entwickelt.
Additional file 2 of Implementation of a structured practical activity to analyse student healthcare worker perceptions and compliance with prescribed infection control procedures
Creators: name: Pelzer, Elise S.
name: Stewart, Zachary
name: Peters, Holly
name: O’Callaghan, Jessica
name: Bryan, Emily
name: Wager, Lucas
name: Chiruta, Juliana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Directional control of weakly localized Raman from a random network of fractal nanowires
Creators: name: Faro, Maria J. Lo
name: Ruello, Giovanna
name: Leonardi, Antonio A.
name: Morganti, Dario
name: Irrera, Alessia
name: Priolo, Francesco
name: Gigan, Sylvain
name: Volpe, Giorgio
name: Fazio, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disordered optical media are an emerging class of materials capable of strongly scattering light. Their study is relevant to investigate transport phenomena and for applications in imaging, sensing and energy storage. While such materials can be used to generate coherent light, their directional emission is typically hampered by their very multiple scattering nature. Here, we tune the out-of-plane directionality of coherent Raman light scattered by a fractal network of silicon nanowires. By visualizing Rayleigh scattering, photoluminescence and weakly localized Raman light from the random network of nanowires via real-space microscopy and Fourier imaging, we gain insight on the light transport mechanisms responsible for the material's inelastic coherent signal and for its directionality. The possibility of visualizing and manipulating directional coherent light in such networks of nanowires opens venues for fundamental studies of light propagation in disordered media as well as for the development of next generation optical devices based on disordered structures, inclusive of sensors, light sources and optical switches.