cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strongly Interacting Astrophysical Neutrinos
Creators: name: Ahlers, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin and chemical composition of ultra high energy cosmic rays is still an open question in astroparticle physics. The observed large-scale isotropy and also direct composition measurements can be interpreted as an extragalactic proton dominance above the ankle at about 10^10 GeV. Photopion production of extragalactic protons in the cosmic microwave background predicts a cutoff at about 5x10^10 GeV in conflict with excesses reported by some experiments. In this report we will outline a recent statistical analysis (astro-ph/0506698) of cosmic ray data using strongly interacting neutrinos as primaries for these excesses.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the Erice School/Workshop on Neutrinos, 2005
Spatial Diversification by Beef Producers in the Clarence Region
Creators: name: Trebeck, David B.
name: Trebeck, David B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: A simulation model was constructed to ascertain the extent of benefits from spatial diversification when an intensive form of use is assumed for the additional (alluvial) land. Although expected profit increased and coefficient of variation decreased, the return to additional capital was only 2.7 per cent. Spatial diversification successfully overcomes winter-spring feed uncertainties, but appears economically doubtful under present assumptions. Some alternatives and modifications are suggested which, although untested, might improve the economics of diversification.
REFORMING LEGAL REGULATION OF ONLINE LEGAL SERVICES PLATFORMS TO PROMOTE INNOVATION
Creators: name: Romanov Farxad Abdulxamitovich Manager of "Romanov advokat xizmeti"  law firm, advocate
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This paper analyzes the legal regulation of online platforms providing legal services globally. It finds outdated limitations on business structures and inconsistent rules across jurisdictions are hampering innovation and access to justice. Unclear regulation of unauthorized practice of law also creates compliance risks. The study suggests reforms to allow alternative business structures while strengthening consumer protections. Creating limited licensing categories, enhancing quality control and disclosures, streamlining cross-border divergence, and promoting access to justice innovations via regulatory sandboxes are recommended. Selective regulatory changes can enable online legal tech to expand access without compromising ethics or quality. Balanced regulation addressing specific issues would foster healthy innovation while advancing consumer welfare.

 

Keywords:

legal tech, online legal services, regulation, innovation, unauthorized practice of law, alternative business structures, limited licensing, access to justice, regulatory sandboxes
The Economics of Coastal Irrigation Schemes: A Case Study
Creators: name: Richmond, R.N.
name: Richmond, R.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper examines the economic feasibility of Lostock Dam on the Paterson River, N.S.W. under a number of assumptions as to the resulting quantity and type of additional output. It is shown that the dam has a benefit-cost ratio greater than one only when the additional water is fully utilized and the discount rate is 5 per cent. However farmer estimates indicate that only a proportion of the extra water will be used, in which case the benefit-cost ratio is less than 0.1.
Learning to read English among Japanese learners of English as a second language
Creators: name: Nakamura, Norikazu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Although many studies have suggested the importance of basic skills (phonology, orthography, and syntax) in a native language when English native speakers learn an Indo-European language as a second language, little attention has been given to the importance of these basic coding skills when Japanese native speakers learn English as a second language. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the basic language coding skills such as phonology, orthography, and syntax in Japanese (native language) and that of English (foreign language) among Japanese learners of English as a foreign language. Forty-seven native Japanese speakers (18-45 years old) participated for this study. The participants were assessed with a word reading tasks (word identification) in Japanese and English and divided into two groups on the basis of the scores of the tests. The participants were administered word identification tasks, word attack (reading pseudo-words), oral cloze (syntactic tasks), and orthographic tasks in both English and Japanese. The scores of both groups in English and Japanese were compared. The results showed that the average readers scored significantly higher than the poor readers on word identification, word attack and oral cloze tasks. It reveals the importance of basic coding skills in a native and foreign language even though Japanese language is so different from Indo- European languages in terms of learning patterns and a writing system.
Exact quark-mass dependence of the Higgs-photon form factor at three loops in QCD
Creators: name: Niggetiedt, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We follow up on our discussion of the exact quark-mass dependence of the Higgs-gluon form factor at three loops in QCD (arXiv:2001.03008) and turn our attention to the closely related Higgs-photon form factor. Similarly to our previous work, we intend to examine the form factor for the decay of a Higgs-boson with variable mass into two photons at the three-loop level in QCD. The set of master integrals is known numerically due to prior work on the Higgs-gluon form factor and is exploited to obtain expansions around the threshold as well as in the high-energy limit. Our results may be utilised to derive the photonic decay rate of the Higgs-boson through next-to-next-to-leading order.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Generations of change or »birds in a cage«. 1968 and the problem of generations in Slovak civic dissent
Creators: name: Glushko, Elena
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2011

description: This article looks at aspects of the history of anti-Communist resistance in Slovakia from 1968 to 1989 to argue that people who experienced August 1968 as part of a specific generational cohort show similar patterns of behaviour in later life. The paper deals mostly with those who were pursuing higher education at the time (the »Post-War Generation«) and those who were in their teens (»Generation 52«), and the primary sources are accounts from dissidents themselves. Characteristically, Generation 52 formed a great part of the cultural underground in Slovakia. The article also depicts the generational conflict that emerged during and after the Velvet Revolution of 1989; the final section is dedicated to describing the current opinions held by members of these two generations towards Slovak politics.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Generations of Change. Understanding Postsocialism and Transition Processes from a Generational Perspective
Reactions to extreme events: moving threshold model
Creators: name: Altmann, Eduardo G.
name: Hallerberg, Sarah
name: Kantz, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of precautions to avoid the harmful effects of extreme events, we experience recurrently phenomena that overcome the preventive barriers. These barriers usually increase drastically right after the occurrence of such extreme events, but steadily decay in their absence. In this paper we consider a simple model that mimics the evolution of the protection barriers to study the efficiency of the system's reaction to extreme events and how it changes our perception of the sequence of extreme events itself. We obtain that the usual method of fighting extreme events introduces a periodicity in their occurrence and is generally less efficient than the use of a constant barrier. On the other hand, it shows a good adaptation to the presence of slow non-stationarities.
description: 14 pages and 7 figures
Nasze pokolenie – our generation. Self-image and generation-talk of the »young protest generation« of 1980s Poland
Creators: name: Gerland, Kirsten
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2011

description: The ›young protest generation‹ that emerged in the 1980s in Poland spoke intensively about the characteristics and duties of »their generation«. ›Generation‹ mattered as a political message as well as a category of self-description. Examination over a long period of time is favoured for the analysis of the generational consciousness of actors – contemporary as well as ex post facto. Accordingly, archival sources such as political programs and newspapers from the 1980s are presented. But retrospective narratives and biographical constructions are also taken into consideration to ask whether former actors still share a strong generational feeling. Finally, ›generation‹ is interpreted as a potential concept for making sense of one’s self.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Generations of Change. Understanding Postsocialism and Transition Processes from a Generational Perspective
Biographical constructions of generationality and inter-generationality in processes of au-pair migration
Creators: name: Rohde, Caterina
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2011

description: Caterina Rohde takes a generational perspective in her biographical study of female Russian au-pair immigrants in Germany. The ideal of living a »better life«, transmitted to many of the young women interviewed by their parents, marks perfectly the dynamic interplay of social and familial generations. Having experienced the hardships of Russia’s transition, the parents often support their children in life plans which appear to offer an opportunity for the children to improve their lives, such as working abroad as an au-pair. Generational change to a different - assumedly better - life becomes the inter-generational project of parents and children, even if it involves the spatial separation of the family. Nevertheless, the parents’ generation normally has not experienced migration itself and their interpretative authority regarding the opportunities of migration may be challenged when maturing children experience the realities of migration themselves and form their own orientations and desires. The actual migration process and its biographical consequences is experienced by the younger generation alone. The generational approach towards analysing biographical data appears to be fruitful for the explanation of the ways in which biographical interpretations of life and life planning are rooted in collective experiences within a specific socio-historic context. However, this approach does not fully grasp the individual layering of experiences which may be framed not only by generational belonging, but by other categories of social differentiation such as class, gender, ethnicity, etc. Cases which do not seem to share the characteristic attributes of their generation might be better understood using the micro-level analysis of the biographical approach.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Generations of Change. Understanding Postsocialism and Transition Processes from a Generational Perspective
Determining Project-Based Emissions Baselines with Incomplete Information
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Fischer, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: climate policy
subject: Clean Development Mechanism
subject: baseline emissions
subject: asymmetric information

description: Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary. Evaluating reductions requires assigning a baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns. Parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for baseline determination may be systematically biased to overallocate, and they also risk creating inefficient investment incentives. This paper evaluates, in a situation with asymmetric information, the efficacy of the main baseline rules currently under consideration: historical emissions, average industry emissions, and expected emissions.
Searching for a Correlation Between Cosmic-Ray Sources Above 10^{19} eV and Large-Scale Structure
Creators: name: Kashti, Tamar
name: Waxman, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the anisotropy signature which is expected if the sources of ultra high energy, >10^{19} eV, cosmic-rays (UHECRs) are extragalactic and trace the large scale distribution of luminous matter. Using the PSCz galaxy catalog as a tracer of the large scale structure (LSS), we derive the expected all sky angular distribution of the UHECR intensity. We define a statistic, that measures the correlation between the predicted and observed UHECR arrival direction distributions, and show that it is more sensitive to the expected anisotropy signature than the power spectrum and the two point correlation function. The distribution of the correlation statistic is not sensitive to the unknown redshift evolution of UHECR source density and to the unknown strength and structure of inter-galactic magnetic fields. We show, using this statistic, that recently published >5.7x10^{19} eV Auger data are inconsistent with isotropy at ~98% CL, and consistent with a source distribution that traces LSS, with some preference to a source distribution that is biased with respect to the galaxy distribution. The anisotropy signature should be detectable also at lower energy, >4x10^{19} eV. A few fold increase of the Auger exposure is likely to increase the significance to >99% CL, but not to >99.9% CL (unless the UHECR source density is comparable or larger than that of galaxies). In order to distinguish between different bias models, the systematic uncertainty in the absolute energy calibration of the experiments should be reduced to well below the current ~25%.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures. v2: reference added, typos corrected, accepted to JCAP
The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-Saving Technological Change
Creators: name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Jaffe, Adam B.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Jaffe, Adam B.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: induced innovation
subject: energy efficiency
subject: technological change
subject: economic incentives
subject: regulation
subject: standards
subject: climate change

description: We develop a methodology for testing Hick's induced innovation hypothesis by estimating a product-characteristics model of energy-using consumer durables, augmenting the hypothesis to allow for the influence of government regulations. For the products we explored, the evidence suggests: (i) the rate of overall innovation was independent of energy prices and regulations, (ii) the direction of innovation was responsive to energy price changes for some products but not for others, (iii) energy price changes induced changes in the subset of technically feasible models that were offered for sale, (iv) this responsiveness increased substantially during the period after energy-efficiency product labeling was required, and (v) nonetheless, a sizeable portion of efficiency improvements were autonomous.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Instruments for Environmental Protection in a Second-Best Setting
Creators: name: Goulder, Lawrence H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Williams, Roberton C.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Goulder, Lawrence H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Williams, Roberton C.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: general equilibrium efficiency analysis
subject: environmental instrument choice
subject: second-best regulation

description: This paper employs analytical and numerical general equilibrium models to examine the costs of achieving pollution reductions under a range of environmental policy instruments in a second-best setting with pre-existing factor taxes. We compare the costs and overall efficiency impacts of emissions taxes, emissions quotas, fuels taxes, performance standards, and mandated technologies, and explore how costs change with the magnitude of pre-existing taxes and the extent of pollution abatement. We find that the presence of distortionary taxes raises the costs of pollution abatement under each instrument relative to its costs in a first-best world. This extra cost is an increasing function of the magnitude of pre-existing tax rates. For plausible values of pre-existing tax rates and other parameters, the cost increase for all policies is substantial (35 percent or more). The impact of pre-existing taxes is particularly large for non-auctioned emissions quotas: here the cost increase can be several hundred percent. Earlier work on instrument choice has emphasized the potential reduction in compliance cost achievable by converting fixed emissions quotas into tradable emissions permits. Our results indicate that the regulator's decision whether to auction or grandfather emissions rights can have equally important cost impacts. Similarly, the choice as to how to recycle revenues from environmentally motivated taxes (whether to return the revenues in lump-sum fashion or via cuts in marginal tax rates) can be as important to cost as the decision whether the tax takes the form of an emissions tax or fuel tax, particularly when modest emissions reductions are involved. In both first- and second-best settings, the cost differences across instruments depend importantly on the extent of pollution abatement under consideration. Total abatement costs differ markedly at low levels of abatement. Strikingly, for all instruments except the fuel tax these costs converge to the same value as abatement levels approach 100 percent.
Finite temperature properties of the two-dimensional SU(2) Kondo-necklace
Creators: name: Brenig, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse several thermodynamic properties of the two-dimensional Kondo necklace using finite-temperature stochastic series expansion. In agreement with previous zero-temperature findings the model is shown to exhibit a quantum critical point (QCP), separating an antiferromagnetic from a paramagnetic dimerized state at a critical Kondo exchange-coupling strength $J_{c}\approx 1.4$. We evaluate the temperature dependent uniform and staggered structure factors as well as the uniform and staggered susceptibilities and the local 'impurity' susceptibility close to the QCP as well as in the ordered and quantum disordered phase. The crossover between the classical, renormalized classical, and quantum critical regime is analyzed as a function of temperature and Kondo coupling.
description: 4.2 pages, 6 figures
Frozen-in fermionic singlet dark matter in non-standard cosmology with a decaying fluid
Creators: name: Arias, Paola
name: Karamitros, Dimitrios
name: Roszkowski, Leszek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a detailed study of dark matter production via freeze-in under the assumption that some fluid dominates the early Universe before depositing its energy to the plasma causing entropy injection. As a dark matter candidate we consider a fermionic singlet that is produced through its interactions with a scalar particle in the thermal plasma. The fluid alters the expansion rate of the Universe, as well as the scaling of the temperature, which significantly affects the evolution of both the number density and the mean momentum of the dark matter particle. We identify and discuss in detail the effects of the evolution of these quantities by considering several examples representing dark matter production at different stages of expansion and entropy injection. We find that, since the dark matter density is reduced when the entropy injection to the plasma continues after freeze-in, in order to reproduce its observational value an enhanced rate of dark matter production is required relative to standard cosmology. Furthermore, the impact of the assumed non-standard cosmological history on the dark matter mean momentum can result in either a relaxed or a tightened bound on the dark matter mass from large structure formation data.
description: 40 pages, 17 figures; v2: References updated, typos corrected, matches version published in JCAP
Crystal field and spin-fluctuations in heavy fermion metal CeAl3, YbRh2Si2 and UPd2Al3*
Creators: name: Ropka, R. J. Radwanski Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown the existence of localized crystal-field states in conducting magnetic materials coexisting with conduction electrons in CeAl3, UPd2Al3 and YbRh2Si2. We point out that the magnetism is strongly correlated with the very detailed local atomic-scale crystal structure.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures embedded
Are Emissions Permits Regressive?
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: equity effects
subject: pollution controls
subject: emissions permits
subject: social welfare function

description: Grandfathered emissions permits redistribute income to wealthy households by creating firm rents that ultimately accrue to shareholders. Consequently, they can be highly regressive, even if the poor do not have large budget shares for polluting goods. Using an analytical model, this paper estimates the burden borne by different income groups when emissions permits are used to control power plant emissions of carbon, SO2, and NOx. We also compare the burden borne by poor households under permits with that under emissions taxes, performance standards, technology mandates, and input taxes. And we show how the social costs of policies differ from efficiency costs when society has aversion to inequality.
Non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics of continuous systems and Bogoliubov generating functionals
Creators: name: Kondratiev, Yuri G.
name: Kuna, Tobias
name: Oliveira, Maria Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 28C20, 46G20, 60K35, 82B21, 82C21, 82C22

description: Combinatorial harmonic analysis techniques are used to develop new functional analysis methods based on Bogoliubov functionals. Concrete applications of the methods are presented, namely, the study of a non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics of continuous systems.
description: 37 pages
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЭЛЕМЕНТНОГО СТАТУСА КОРЕННОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЮГА СРЕДНЕЙ СИБИРИ И ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ РОССИИ
Creators: name: А.Е. Побилат
name: А.А. Киричук
name: О.В. Баранова
Publisher: name: Проблемы региональной экологии
Year: 2023
Subjects: элементный статус
химический элемент
микроэлементы
тяжелые металлы
коренное население
elemental status
chemical element
trace elements
heavy metals
indigenous population

description: Стресс, экология промышленных городов, вредные привычки, низкокачественные продукты являются причиной нарушения минерального обмена веществ, что приводит к дефициту жизненно важных минералов и накоплению токсичных веществ в организме человека. Кроме того, дисэлементозы могут стать причиной алопеции. Целью работы стала оценка содержания химических элементов у жителей города Красноярска и Москвы, страдающих андрогенной алопецией. В качестве объектов исследования были отобраны образцы волос у взрослых людей (18—25 лет), долгое время проживающих в Красноярске (82 мужчины и 247 женщин) и Москве (40 мужчин и 36 женщин). В результате проведенных исследований было установлено полное сопоставление микроэлементного профиля больных андрогенной алопеции города Красноярск и города Москвы. Так было отмечено повышенное содержание калия, фосфора и цинка почти в 1,2 раза относительно 75 центиля в волосах больных андрогенной алопеции обеих гендерных групп жителей города Москвы. Кроме того, прослеживаются гендерные различия, характерные и для больных андрогенной алопеции жителей города Красноярска, так содержание магния в волосах женщин достоверно выше в два раза относительно содержания магния в волосах мужчин, а содержание кальция в волосах женщин в 2,2 раза достоверно выше, чем у мужчин.
description: Stress, the ecology of industrial cities, bad habits, and low-quality products cause disturbances in mineral metabolism, which leads to a deficiency of vital minerals and the accumulation of toxic substances in the human body. In addition, diselementoses can cause alopecia. The purpose of the work was to assess the content of chemical elements in residents of Krasnoyarsk and Moscow suffering from androgenetic alopecia. Hair samples from adults (18—25 years old) living for a long time in Krasnoyarsk (82 men and 247 women) and Moscow (40 men and 36 women) were selected as research objects. As a result of the studies, a complete comparison of the microelement profile of patients with androgenetic alopecia in the city of Krasnoyarsk and the city of Moscow was established. Thus, an increased content of potassium, phosphorus and zinc was noted by almost 1.2 times relative to the 75th centile in the hair of patients with androgenetic alopecia of both gender groups of Moscow residents. In addition, gender differences can be traced, which are also typical for residents of the city of Krasnoyarsk with androgenetic alopecia, so the magnesium content in women’s hair is significantly (2 times) higher compared to the magnesium content in men’s hair, and the calcium content in women’s hair is significantly (2 times) higher than in men.
COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES.
Creators: name: Ismailov, Diyorbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Complications of type 1 diabetes remain one of the most serious complications both in Uzbekistan and throughout the world today. The article includes analysis of data obtained from various medical centers throughout Uzbekistan and represents a significant contribution to understanding the burden of type 1 diabetes in the region. This study will be useful to medical professionals, endocrinology and public health researchers, and policymakers seeking to develop more effective strategies to improve diabetic care in Uzbekistan.
Recent advances on similarity solutions arising during free convection
Creators: name: Brighi, B.
name: Hoernel, J. -D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34B15, 34C11, 76D10

description: This paper reviews results about free convection near a vertical flat plate embedded in some saturated porous medium. We focus on a third order autonomous differential equation that gives a special class of solutions called similarity solutions. Two cases are under consideration: in the first one we prescribe the temperature on the plate and in the second one we prescribe the heat flux on it. We will also see that the same equation appears in other industrial processes.
Determination of the spin axis in quantum spin Hall insulator monolayer WTe2
Creators: name: Zhao, Wenjin
name: Runburg, Elliott
name: Fei, Zaiyao
name: Mutch, Joshua
name: Malinowski, Paul
name: Sun, Bosong
name: Huang, Xiong
name: Pesin, Dmytro
name: Cui, Yong-Tao
name: Xu, Xiaodong
name: Chu, Jiun-Haw
name: Cobden, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence for the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect has been reported in several experimental systems in the form of approximately quantized edge conductance. However, the most fundamental feature of the QSH effect, spin-momentum locking in the edge channels, has never been demonstrated experimentally. Here, we report clear evidence for spin-momentum locking in the edge channels of monolayer WTe2, thought to be a two-dimensional topological insulator (2D TI). We observe that the edge conductance is controlled by the component of an applied magnetic field perpendicular to a particular axis, which we identify as the spin axis. The axis is the same for all edges, situated in the mirror plane perpendicular to the tungsten chains at 40$\pm$2° to the layer normal, implying that the spin-orbit coupling is inherited from the bulk band structure. We show that this finding is consistent with theory if the band-edge orbitals are taken to have like parity. We conclude that this parity assignment is correct and that both edge states and bulk bands in monolayer WTe2 share the same simple spin structure. Combined with other known features of the edge states this establishes spin-momentum locking, and therefore that monolayer WTe2 is truly a natural 2D TI.
Friebe-Baron, Christine: Abendmahlsgemeinschaft als eschatologisches Problem
Creators: name: Basdekis, Athanasios
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 25 Nr. 4 (1976): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 25, Heft 4
Geometry of manifolds with area metric: multi-metric backgrounds
Creators: name: Schuller, Frederic P.
name: Wohlfarth, Mattias N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct the differential geometry of smooth manifolds equipped with an algebraic curvature map acting as an area measure. Area metric geometry provides a spacetime structure suitable for the discussion of gauge theories and strings, and is considerably more general than Lorentzian geometry. Our construction of geometrically relevant objects, such as an area metric compatible connection and derived tensors, makes essential use of a decomposition theorem due to Gilkey, whereby we generate the area metric from a finite collection of metrics. Employing curvature invariants for multi-metric backgrounds we devise a class of gravity theories with inherently stringy character, and discuss gauge matter actions.
description: 34 pages, REVTeX4, journal version
Pulsations, Boundary Layers, and Period Bounce in the Cataclysmic Variable RE J1255+266
Creators: name: Patterson, Joseph
name: Thorstensen, John
name: Kemp, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report time-series photometry of the quiescent optical counterpart of the EUV transient RE J1255+266. The star appears as a DA white dwarf with bright emission lines and a complex spectrum of periodic signals in its light curve. A signal at 0.0829 d is likely to be the orbital period of the underlying cataclysmic binary (probably a dwarf nova). Characteristic periods of 1344, 1236, and 668 s are seen, and a host of weaker signals. We interpret these noncommensurate signals as (nonradial) pulsation periods of the white dwarf. The donor star is unseen at all wavelengths, and the accretion rate is very low. We estimate a distance of 180+-50 pc, and M_v=14.6+-1.3 for the accretion light. The binary probably represents a very late stage of evolution, with the donor star whittled down to M_2<0.05 M_sol. Such binaries stubbornly resist discovery due to their faintness and reluctance to erupt, but are probably a very common type of cataclysmic variable. If the signal at 0.0829 d is indeed the orbital period, then the binary is an excellent candidate as a "period bouncer". Plausible colleagues in this club include four dwarf novae and the (so far) noneruptive stars GD 552 and 1RXS J105010.3-140431 (hereafter RX 1050). The 1994 EUV eruption implies a soft X-ray/EUV luminosity of 10^(34-35) erg/s, greater than that of any other dwarf nova. We attribute that to a favorable blend of properties: a high-mass white dwarf; a very transparent line of sight (the "Local Chimney"); and a low binary inclination. The first maximizes the expected temperature and luminosity of boundary-layer emission; the other two increase the likelihood that soft X-rays can survive their perilous passage through an accretion-disk wind and the interstellar medium.
description: PDF, 43 pages, 5 tables, 10 figures, 1 appendix; accepted, in press, to appear May 2005, PASP; more info at http://cba.phys.columbia.edu/
Managing Permit Markets to Stabilize Prices
Creators: name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Zhang, Jiangfeng
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Zhang, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: tradable permit market
subject: prices
subject: quantities
subject: banking
subject: borrowing
subject: uncertainty

description: The political economy of environmental policy favors the use of quantity-based instruments over price-based instruments (e.g., tradable permits over green taxes), at least in the United States. With cost uncertainty, however, there are clear efficiency advantages to prices in many cases, especially for stock pollutants such as greenhouse gases. The question arises, therefore, of whether one can design flexible quantity policies that mimic the behavior of price policies, namely stable permit prices and abatement costs. We explore a number of "quantity-plus" policies that replicate the behavior of a price policy through rules that adjust the effective permit cap for unexpectedly low or high costs. They do so without necessitating any monetary exchanges between the government and the regulated firms, which can be a significant political barrier to the use of price instruments.
The Complex Interaction of Markets For Endangered Species Products
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Fischer, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: endangered species
subject: black markets
subject: CITES
subject: poaching
subject: stigma

description: Economic models of trade in endangered species products often do not incorporate four focal arguments in the policy debate over trade bans: 1) law-abiding consumers may operate in another market, separate from illegal consumers, that trade would bring online; 2) legal trade reduces stigma, which affects demand of law-abiding consumers; 3) laundering may bring illegal goods to legal markets when trade is allowed; 4) legal sales may affect illegal supply costs. This paper analyzes systematically which aspects of these complicated markets, separately or in combination, are important for determining whether limited legalized trade in otherwise illegal goods can be helpful for achieving policy goals like reducing poaching.
Non-Abelian Einstein-Born-Infeld-Dilaton Cosmology
Creators: name: Fuzfa, A.
name: Alimi, J. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-abelian Einstein-Born-Infeld-Dilaton theory, which rules the dynamics of tensor-scalar gravitation coupled to a $su(2)$-valued gauge field ruled by Born-Infeld lagrangian, is studied in a cosmological framework. The microscopic energy exchange between the gauge field and the dilaton which results from a non-universality of the coupling to gravity modifies the usual behaviour of tensor-scalar theories coupled to matter fluids. General cosmological evolutions are derived for different couplings to gravitation and a comparison to universal coupling is highlighted. Evidences of cosmic acceleration are presented when the evolution is interpreted in the Jordan physical frame of a matter respecting the weak equivalence principle. The importance for the mechanism of cosmic acceleration of the dynamics of the Born-Infeld gauge field, the attraction role of the matter fluid and the non-universality of the gravitational couplings is briefly outlined.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures, minor changes, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D15
Open source software and open data: open licensing of software and data for public policy analysis and for collaborative research — Release 01
Creators: name: Morrison, Robbie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: open data

description: Online presentation to Seminar – Introduction to Software Licensing in Europe, Chair of Civil Law, Technology, and IT Law, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, 16 February 2022.
Jobs Versus the Environment: An Industry-level Perspective
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: jobs-environment trade-off
subject: distribution of environmental costs
subject: translog cost function

description: The possibility that workers could be adversely affected by environmental policies imposed on heavily regulated industries has led to claims of a "jobs versus the environment" trade-off by both business and labor leaders. The present research examines this claim at the industry level for four heavily polluting industries: pulp and paper mills, plastic manufacturers, petroleum refiners, and iron and steel mills. By focusing on labor effects across an entire industry, we construct a measure relevant to the concerns of key stakeholders, such as labor unions and trade groups. We decompose the link between environmental regulation and employment into three distinct components: factor shifts to more or less labor intensity, changes in total expenditures, and changes in the quantity of output demanded. We use detailed plant-level data to estimate the key parameters describing factor shifts and changes in total expenditures. We then use aggregate time-series data on industry supply shocks and output responses to estimate the demand effect. We find that increased environmental spending generally does not cause a significant change in industry-level employment. Our average across all four industries is a net gain of 1.5 jobs per $1 million in additional environmental spending, with a standard error of 2.2 jobs-an insignificant effect. In the plastics and petroleum sectors, however, there are small but significantly positive effects: 6.9 and 2.2 jobs, respectively, per $1 million in additional expenditures. These effects can be linked to favorable factor shifts-environmental spending is more labor intensive than ordinary production-and relatively inelastic estimated demand.
The Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect in Interacting Dark Energy Models
Creators: name: Olivares, German
name: Atrio-Brandela, Fernando
name: Pavon, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models with dark energy decaying into dark matter have been proposed in Cosmology to solve the coincidence problem. We study the effect of such coupling on the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies. The interaction changes the rate of evolution of the metric potentials, the growth rate of matter density perturbations and modifies the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe component of cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies, enhancing the effect. Cross-correlation of galaxy catalogs with CMB maps provides a model independent test to constrain the interaction. We particularize our analysis for a specific interacting model and show that galaxy catalogs with median redshifts $z_m=0.1-0.9$ can rule out models with an interaction parameter strength of $c^2\simeq 0.1$ better than 99.95% confidence level. Values of $c^2\le 0.01$ are compatible with the data and may account for the possible discrepancy between the fraction of dark energy derived from WMAP 3yr data and the fraction obtained from the ISW effect. Measuring the fraction of dark energy by these two methods could provide evidence of an interaction.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, PACS: 98.80.Es; 98.80Bp; 98.80.Jk. Version accepted for publication in the Physical Review
Symmetry-induced even/odd parity in charge and heat pumping
Creators: name: Araújo, Miguel A. N.
name: Ninhos, Pedro
name: Ribeiro, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the presence of discrete symmetries in Floquet systems connected to metallic reservoirs imprints a definite parity on the charge and heat pumping as a function of the reservoir's chemical potential, $μ$. In particular, when particle-hole symmetry (PHS) holds, the pumping of charge (heat) is an odd (even) function of $μ$. Whereas, if only the product of PHS and parity symmetry is present, pumping of charge (heat) is even (odd) in $μ$. Our results also extend to the presence of other unitary symmetries and provide a simple criterion for reversing (or maintaining) the direction of the flow. We illustrate our findings using two variants of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model under a time-periodic perturbation.
description: Regarding changes made, the supplementary Material has been integrated into the main text
Massive particles in acoustic space-times emergent inertia and passive gravity
Creators: name: Milgrom, Mordehai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I show that massive-particle dynamics can be simulated by a weak, spherical, external perturbation on a potential flow in an ideal fluid. The effective Lagrangian is of the form mc^2L(U^2/c^2), where U is the velocity of the particle relative to the fluid and c the speed of sound. This can serve as a model for emergent relativistic inertia a la Mach's principle with m playing the role of inertial mass, and also of analog gravity where it is also the passive gravitational mass. m depends on the particle type and intrinsic structure, while L is universal: For D dimensional particles L is proportional to the hypergeometric function F(1,1/2;D/2;U^2/c^2). Particles fall in the same way in the analog gravitational field independent of their internal structure, thus satisfying the weak equivalence principle. For D less or equal 5 they all have a relativistic limit with the acquired energy and momentum diverging as U approaches c. For D less or equal 7 the null geodesics of the standard acoustic metric solve our equation of motion. Interestingly, for D=4 the dynamics is very nearly Lorentzian. The particles can be said to follow the geodesics of a generalized acoustic metric of a Finslerian type that shares the null geodesics with the standard acoustic metric. In vortex geometries, the ergosphere is automatically the static limit. As in the real world, in ``black hole'' geometries circular orbits do not exist below a certain radius that occurs outside the horizon. There is a natural definition of antiparticles; and I describe a mock particle vacuum in whose context one can discuss, e.g., particle Hawking radiation near event horizons.
description: 15 page: version published in Physical Review D
title: Rundsicht vom Kaiser-Wilhelm-Thurm auf Spiegelslust bei Marburg: [nach der Natur aufgenommen, Lith. u. Druck v. Köster & Schell, Marburg]
Creators: name: Anonym
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 1890
Subjects: Erde (Astronomische Geografie)
Earth (Astronomical geography)
Marburg
Landkarte

description: Elektronische Reproduktion von: Rundsicht vom Kaiser-Wilhelm-Thurm auf Spiegelslust bei Marburg : [nach der Natur aufgenommen, Lith. u. Druck v. Köster & Schell, Marburg]. - Marburg : Erhardt, 1890. - [1] Blatt. - Standort: Universität Marburg, Universitätsbibliothek. - Signatur: 085 8 2018/00910. - Bemerkungen: Karte. - (Hassiaca) Digitalisiert 2021
Environmental Information Disclosure: Three Cases of Policy and Politics
Creators: name: Beierle, Thomas C.
name: Beierle, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: disclosure
subject: Toxics Release Inventory
subject: risk management planning
subject: materials accounting
subject: Sector Facility Indexing Project
subject: right-to-know

description: One of the most notable innovations in environmental management in the past 15 years has been the use of environmental information disclosure as a strategy for improving firms' environmental performance. Following the Environmental Protection Agency's success with the Toxics Release Inventory, the agency and Congress initiated a number of other disclosure initiatives. This discussion paper documents the experience of three of these: risk management planning, materials accounting, and the Sector Facility Indexing Project. The paper examines the benefits and costs of these programs, their effectiveness, and the dynamics by which disclosure works.
Self-Consistent Description of Collective Excitations in the Unitary Correlation Operator Method
Creators: name: Paar, N.
name: Papakonstantinou, P.
name: Roth, R.
name: Hergert, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fully self-consistent Random Phase Approximation (RPA) is constructed within the Unitary Correlation Operator Method (UCOM), which describes the dominant interaction-induced short-range central and tensor correlations by a unitary transformation. Based on the correlated Argonne V18 interaction, the RPA is employed in studies of multipole response in closed-shell nuclei across the nuclide chart. The UCOM-RPA results in a collective character of giant resonances, and it describes rather well the properties of isoscalar giant monopole resonances. However, the excitation energies of isovector giant dipole resonances and isoscalar giant quadrupole resonances are overestimated due to the missing long-range correlations and three-body contributions.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Int. J. Mod. Phys. E, proceedings of the XII Nuclear Physics Workshop Marie and Pierre Curie "Nuclear Structure and Low Energy Reactions", Sept. 21-25, 2005, Kazimierz Dolny, Poland
การศึกษารูปคำซ้ำที่ปรากฎในสำนวนภาษาญี่ปุ่น
Creators: name: เสกสรร จันทรจำนง
Publisher: name: สมาคมญี่ปุ่นศึกษาแห่งประเทศไทย
Year: 2018
Subjects: สำนวนญี่ปุ่น (Kanyoku)
สำนวนไทย
รูปคำซ้ำ (Hanpuku)

description: วารสารเครือข่ายญี่ปุ่นศึกษา, 8, พิเศษ, 13-21