Brunia Lam., Encycl.
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Brunia

description: 6. <i>Brunia</i> Lam., Encycl. 1(2): 474. 1785, nom. cons. [McNeill &amp; al., ICBN: 307. 2006], non L. (1754); Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 178. 1947 p.p. ≡ <i>Nebelia</i> Neck. ex Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 116. 1830, nom. illeg. et rej. (ICBN Art. 14.4); Pillansin J. S. African Bot. 13: 178. 1947 – Type: <i>Brunia paleacea</i> P.J. Bergius ≡ <i>Nebelia paleacea</i> (P.J. Bergius) Sweet. = <i>Raspalia</i> Brongn. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 8: 377, t. 37, fig. 1. 1826, <b>syn. nov.;</b> Pillansin J. S. African Bot. 13: 147. 1947 – Type: <i>Raspalia microphylla</i> (Thunb.) Brongn. (= <i>Brunia microphylla</i> Thunb.). = <i>Mniothamnea</i> Nied. in Engler &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2a: 136. 1891, <b>syn. nov.;</b> PillansinJ. S. African Bot. 13: 167. 1947 – Type: <i>Mniothamnea callunoides</i> (Oliv.) Nied. ≡ <i>Berzelia callunoides</i> Oliv. (= <i>Brunia callunoides</i> (Oliv.) Class.-Bockh. &amp; E.G.H. Oliv.). = <i>Lonchostoma</i> Wikstr. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 39: 350. 1818, <b>syn. nov.;</b> Pillansin J. S. African Bot. 13: 133. 1947 – Type: <i>Lonchostoma obtusiflorum</i> Wikstr., nom. illeg. et superfl. (ICBN Art. 52.1) ≡ <i>Passerina pentandra</i> Thunb. (= <i>Lonchostoma pentandrum</i> (Thunb.) Druce). = <i>Pseudobaeckea</i> Nied. in Engler &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2a: 136. 1891 p.p. magna, <b>syn. nov.;</b> PillansinJ. S. African Bot. 13: 169. 1947 – Lectotype: <i>Pseudobaeckea cordata</i> (Burm.f.) Nied. ≡ <i>Brunia cordata</i> Burm. f.; designated by Hutchinson, Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 114. 1967. <i>Growth form:</i> ericoid shrubs or undershrubs, erect or prostrate, rarely small trees; lignotubers absent or present. <i>Leaves:</i> small, appressed or spreading, linear to ovate, often 3-angular, long-ciliate in <i>Brunia</i> subg. <i>Lonchostoma</i>, sessile or petiolate, amphi-, epi-, or hypostomatic; stipules present or absent. <i>Inflorescences:</i> oblong to globose heads, with or without a terminal flower, rarely compound heads (<i>B. fragarioides</i>, <i>B. powrieae</i>) or solitary flowers on top of leafy shoots (<i>B. bullata</i>, <i>B. callunoides</i>); terminal and/or lateral, often arranged in racemose or corymbose clusters, main axis growing on in some species; involucral bracts present in <i>B.</i> subg. <i>Brunia</i> and showy in <i>B. paleacea. Flowers:</i> small to minute (except <i>B.</i> subg. <i>Lonchostoma</i>), lateral flowers subtended by 1 bract and 2 bracteoles. <i>Petals:</i> free or postgenitally fused with stamens into a tube (<i>B.</i> subg. <i>Lonchostoma</i>), white to yellowish, rarely burgundy, red, or at least with red stains on lowerhalf (<i>B. squalida</i>, <i>B. microphylla</i>, <i>B. phylicoides</i>), pinkish (<i>B. myrtoides</i>, <i>B. purpurea</i>), or vividly red (<i>B. esterhuyseniae)</i>, petal bulges usually forming a thick cushion with a vertical subdivision, in <i>B.</i> subg. <i>Brunia</i> with 2 closely aligned longitudinal ridges in basal half, in <i>B.</i> subg. <i>Lonchostoma</i> bulges reduced to a low ridge or absent. <i>Scent:</i> occasionally present, yeasty or sweet. <i>Stamens:</i> usually 5, included or exserted and occasionally unequal in length (<i>B. dregeana</i> and <i>B.</i> subg. <i>Brunia</i>), anthers rotund, oblong or subglobose, yellow, rarely red to black (<i>B. bullata</i>, <i>B. callunoides</i>, <i>B.</i> subg. <i>Lonchostoma</i>), thecae parallel, versatile. <i>Pollen:</i> 5- to 10-colporate, tectum mainly foveolate, butalsorugulate (<i>B. sphaerocephala</i>, <i>B. villosa</i>) and reticulateand psilate (<i>B.</i> subg. <i>Brunia</i>). <i>Ovary:</i> half-inferiorto almost inferior, rarely superior (<i>B.</i> subg. <i>Lonchostoma</i>); 1- or 2-locular, usually 1-ovulate, butalso 2-ovulate andrarelyupto 10 ovulesperlocule (<i>B.</i> subg. <i>Lonchostoma</i>). <i>Styles</i>: 1 or 2, free. <i>Fruit:</i> 1- or 2-seeded, dry, indehiscent or dehiscent. <i>Habitat:</i> usually on moist soils, riversides or even swamps (<i>B. fragarioides</i>), if growing in drier areas then receiving humidity from moisture-bearingclouds at high altitudes; 0–2200 m. <i>Flowering time:</i> (September–)October–December(–February), May– August (only <i>B. squalida</i>). <i>Species</i>: 37 species, concentrated in the southwestern region of Western Cape, extending eastwards to the Uitenhage district in Eastern Cape; fynbos plants, often restricted to mountain slopes, some critically rare. <i>B. trigyna</i> is only known from a few sites close to the Indian Ocean coastline inadjacentareasinsouthern KwaZulu-Nataland Eastern Cape (showing a disjunction of ca. 600 km from the easternborder of the main distribution of the family) at an altitude of ca. 90 m.
description: Published as part of <i>Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. &amp; Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4)</i> on pages 1148-1149, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433