cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Primordial non-Gaussianity, scale-dependent bias, and the bispectrum of galaxies
Creators: name: Jeong, Donghui
name: Komatsu, Eiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the bispectrum, B_g(k_1,k_2,k_3), Fourier transform of the three-point function of density peaks (e.g., galaxies), using two different methods: the Matarrese-Lucchin-Bonometto formula and the locality of galaxy bias. The bispectrum of peaks is not only sensitive to that of the underlying matter density fluctuations, but also to the four-point function. For a physically-motivated, local form of primordial non-Gaussianity in the curvature perturbation, we show that the galaxy bispectrum contains five physically distinct pieces: (i) non-linear gravitational evolution, (ii) non-linear galaxy bias, (iii) f_nl, (iv) f_nl^2, and (v) \gnl. While (i), (ii), and a part of (iii) have been derived in the literature, (iv) and (v) are derived in this paper for the first time. Our finding suggests that the galaxy bispectrum is more sensitive to f_nl than previously recognized, and is also sensitive to a new term, g_nl. For a more general form of local-type non-Gaussianity, the coefficient \fnl^2 can be interpreted as τ_nl, which allows us to test multi-field inflation models. The usual terms from Gaussian initial conditions, have the smallest signals in the squeezed configurations, while the others have the largest signals; thus, we can distinguish them easily. We cannot interpret the effects of f_nl on B_g(k_1,k_2,k_3) as a scale-dependent bias, and thus replacing the linear bias in the galaxy bispectrum with the scale-dependent bias known for the power spectrum results in an incorrect prediction. As the importance of primordial non-Gaussianity relative to the non-linear gravity evolution and galaxy bias increases toward higher redshifts, galaxy surveys probing a high-redshift universe are particularly useful for probing the primordial non-Gaussianity.
description: (v2) 22 pages, 14 figures. Significantly expanded by adding an alternative derivation of the same result, the next-to-leading order contributions of the trispectrum, analytical estimations of the magnitude of the effects, and a comment on tau_NL. Submitted to ApJ
title: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: The Patients' Perspective
Creators: name: Quakenbush, Benita J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: Eating-disorder clients show low motivation, poor follow-through, and inordinate premature dropout rates in treatment. To date, little research has been conducted that might provide clinicians with an understanding of the critical factors that may aid clients' recovery. Such factors may be used by clinicians to better motivate clients to collaborate in treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify some of the critical factors that women with eating disorders believed were crucial in prompting or facilitating their recovery. Identification of these factors was accomplished through a systematic content analysis of semistructured interviews with recovered or recovering bulimics and anorexics. This study may contribute significantly to future research into the development of motivational supplements to eating disorder therapy ( e.g., psychoeducational materials or therapy orientation programs). Of interest were what personal, interpersonal, or environmental factors anorexic and bulimic clients reported increased their motivation to recover, and prompted them to begin the recovery process, maintain recovery, and cope with the threat of relapse. Also, factors that subjects reported hindered their progress in recovery were examined.
The anorexic and bulimic subjects reported social support as a critical factor across three stages of recovery, including beginning recovery, maintaining recovery, and coping with relapse. Being "tired" of the disorder and therapy were indicated to be relevant to beginning recovery. Improved self-esteem was deemed significant in helping subjects both maintain recovery and cope with the threat of relapse. Establishing healthy eating habits and attitudes was a necessary factor required to maintain recovery. Subjects shared that developing healthy ways to deal with emotions enabled them to deal successfully with the threat of relapse.
Anorexic subjects reported that people and societal expectations, fear of becoming fat, incentive to numb emotions, and poor eating habits and attitudes impeded their recovery. Bulimic subjects indicated that people and societal expectations, incentive to numb emotions, lack of understanding, and poor eating habits and attitudes hindered their recovery.
title: Development of the Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (6-PAQ)
Creators: name: Greene, Ryan L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2013

description: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an empirically based psychological intervention established as effective in the treatment of a number of clinical problems. ACT has been utilized with parents in a variety of contexts, thus creating a need to assess ACT-pertinent factors within parenting frameworks. However, a psychometrically sound measure designed to assess parental psychological flexibility is currently unavailable. The present study sought to develop a reliable and valid measure that is for use with parents rooted in the six primary processes theorized to contribute to psychological flexibility. One hundred eighty-two participants were recruited from a public elementary school located in a suburb of Salt Lake City, Utah.
Findings from the project yielded an overall internal consistency value of .84 and an average of .73 among ACT processes measured by the Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (6-PAQ). Results of the confirmatory factor analysis using items included in the final version of the 6-PAQ instrument suggested an exceptional overall fit: CFI = .97, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .06 (90% confidence interval = .05-.08), and WRMR = 0.86. Taken together, these results provide preliminary support for the 6-PAQ as an effective measurement tool to assess parental psychological flexibility. Empirical and clinical implications of results as well as limitations and future directions are discussed.
Magnetic survey of emission line B-type stars with FORS1 at the VLT
Creators: name: Hubrig, S.
name: Schoeller, M.
name: Savanov, I.
name: Yudin, R. V.
name: Pogodin, M. A.
name: Stefl, St.
name: Rivinius, Th.
name: Cure, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of our search for magnetic fields in a sample of 16 field Be stars, the binary emission-line B-type star upsilon Sgr, and in a sample of fourteen members of the open young cluster NGC3766 in the Carina spiral arm. The sample of cluster members includes Be stars, normal B-type stars and He-strong/He-weak stars. Nine Be stars have been studied with magnetic field time series obtained over ~1 hour to get an insight into the temporal behaviour and the correlation of magnetic field properties with dynamical phenomena taking place in Be star atmospheres. The spectropolarimetric data were obtained at the European Southern Observatory with the multi-mode instrument FORS1 installed at the 8m Kueyen telescope. We detect weak photospheric magnetic fields in four field Be stars, HD62367, mu Cen, o Aqr, and epsilon Tuc. The strongest longitudinal magnetic field, =117+-38G, was detected in the Be star HD62367. Among the Be stars studied with time series, one Be star, lambda Eri, displays cyclic variability of the magnetic field with a period of 21.12min. The binary star upsilon Sgr, in the initial rapid phase of mass exchange between the two components with strong emission lines in the visible spectrum, is a magnetic variable star, probably on a timescale of a few months. The maximum longitudinal magnetic field =-102+-10G at MJD54333.018 was measured using hydrogen lines. The cluster NGC3766 seems to be extremely interesting, where we find evidence for the presence of a magnetic field in seven early B-type stars out of the observed fourteen cluster members.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten
title: The Employers' Opinions on Navajo Student Employees During the Summer of 1954
Creators: name: Christiansen, William V.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1955

description: The Intermountain School started in January of 1950, being converted from vacated arm hospital to a boarding school for Navajo students. Funds for the support of the school are appropriated by Congress through the Department of Interior and the Indian Bureau. The school is exclusively for Navajo students, and it grew as fast as facilities were remodeled and new buildings were constructed, until capacity was reached. During the first school year, 1950, there were enrolled 503 students. This has increased each succeeding year until capacity was reached in 1954-55 when 2,311 students were enrolled. The staff of the school has increased proportionally with the student body. At the time of this writing, school year 1954-55, there are 445 staff members. These include personnel for administration, supervision, instruction, guidance, accounting, health, food and clothing, custodian service, protective service and maintenance.
MOESM7 of MicroRNAs and their regulatory networks in Chinese Gushi chicken abdominal adipose tissue during postnatal late development
Creators: name: Chen, Yi
name: Zhao, Yinli
name: Jin, Wenjiao
name: Li, Yuanfang
name: Zhang, Yanhua
name: Ma, Xuejie
name: Sun, Guirong
name: Han, Ruili
name: Tian, Yadong
name: Li, Hong
name: Kang, Xiangtao
name: Li, Guoxi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 7: Table S1. Annotations of small RNAs derived from Gushi chicken abdominal fat.
Single exponential approximation of Fourier transforms
Creators: name: McLean, PD
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is primarily concerned with a new method for the approximate evaluation of Fourier sine and cosine transforms. A problem of linear surface waves, discussed by Forbes, initially gave rise to a singular integrodifferential equation over the real line. We have been able to transform this integrodifferential equation into a linear second order differential equation. The solution of this differential equation has been found explicitly in terms of Fourier sine and cosine transforms of simple rational functions. However, the integrands of these integrals decay algebraically rather than exponentially and this leads to problems with their approximate evaluation. This is what has motivated the major part of this thesis. A commonly used technique of quadrature involves transforming the integral to one over the entire real line and then using the trapezoidal rule in order to approximate the transformed integral. These methods are characterised as to whether the transformed integrand has single exponential decay or double exponential decay. After a discussion of the literature, we have developed and analysed a new quadrature rule for Fourier sine and cosine transforms. A complete error analysis is made using contour integration and several examples are examined in detail. In particular, we consider an open problem posed by Ooura and Mori. The method we have developed is characterised by its simplicity. We conclude by considering again the linear surface waves problem.
title: Investigating and Improving Bridge Management System Methodologies Under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Chang, Minwoo
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: This dissertation presents a novel procedure to select explanatory variables, without the influence of human bias, for deterioration model development using National Bridge Inventory (NBI) data. Using NBI information, including geometric data and climate information, candidate explanatory variables can be converted into normalized numeric values and analyzed prior to the development of deterministic or stochastic deterioration models. The prevailing approach for explanatory variable selection is to use expert opinion solicited from experienced engineers. This may introduce human influenced biases into the deterioration modeling process. A framework using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalized regression and covariance analysis are combined to compensate for this potential bias. Additionally, the cross validation analysis and solution path is used as a standard for the selection of minimum number of explanatory variables.
The proposed method is demonstrated through the creation of deterministic deterioration models for deck, superstructure, and substructure for Wyoming bridges and compared to explanatory variables using the expert selection method. The comparison shows a significant decrease in error using the presented framework based on the L2 relative error norm.
The final chapter presents a new method to develop stochastic deterioration models using logistic regression. The relative importance amongst explanatory variables is used to develop a classification tree for Wyoming bridges. The bridges in a subset are commonly associated with several explanatory variables, so that the deterioration models can be more representative and accurate than using a single explanatory variable. The logistic regression is used to introduce the stochastic contribution into the deterioration models. In order to avoid missing data problems, the binary categories condition rating, either remaining the same or decreased, are considered for logistic regression. The probability of changes in bridges’ condition rating is obtained and the averages for same condition ratings are used to create transition probability matrix for each age group.
The deterioration model based on Markov chain are developed for Wyoming bridges and compared with the previous model based on percentage prediction and optimization approach. The prediction error is analyzed, which demonstrates the considerable performance of the proposed method and is suitable for relatively small data samples.
Multiwavelength spectral and high time resolution observations of SWIFT J1753.5-0127: new activity?
Creators: name: Durant, M.
name: Gandhi, P.
name: Shahbaz, T.
name: Peralta, H. H.
name: Dhillon, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted an extensive observational campaign of SWIFT J1753.5-0127 during June 2007 after its bright outburst episode in 2005. We have performed multi-band optical photometry, optical spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and timing and ULTRACAM optical photometry simultaneously in three bands. Both the optical spectrum and the X-ray spectrum, along with enhanced brightness in broad-band photometry point to recent increased activity. We analyze the different spectral regions, finding a smooth optical continuum with a remarkable lack of lines and a very blue component modulated with a period of 3.2hr and a hard power-law X-ray spectrum. Both the X-ray and optical power spectra are flat at low frequencies up to the 0.1 Hz (10 s) range, then decreasing roughly as a power law consistent with flickering. Furthermore, the optical data show quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) near 0.08 Hz (13 s). Together with a dynamical and auto-correlation analysis of the light curves we attempt to construct a complete physical picture of this intriguing system.
description: 20 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Adaptive Background Modeling with Temporal Feature Update for Dynamic Foreground Object Removal
Creators: name: Yin, Li
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: In the study of computer vision, background modeling is a fundamental and critical task in many conventional applications. This thesis presents an introduction to background modeling and various computer vision techniques for estimating the background model to achieve the goal of removing dynamic objects in a video sequence.
The process of estimating the background model with temporal changes in the absence of foreground moving objects is called adaptive background modeling. In this thesis, three adaptive background modeling approaches were presented for the purpose of developing \teacher removal" algorithms. First, an adaptive background modeling algorithm based on linear adaptive prediction is presented. Second, an adaptive background modeling algorithm based on statistical dispersion is presented. Third, a novel adaptive background modeling algorithm based on low rank and sparsity constraints is presented. The design and implementation of these algorithms are discussed in detail, and the experimental results produced by each algorithm are presented. Lastly, the results of this research are generalized and potential future research is discussed.
Some aspects of the legal control of takeover bids : a comparative study of English and British Columbia law
Creators: name: Bennett, James Harry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The recent upsurge in the number of take-over bids in British Columbia and in England has revealed several problems of control. These resulted in legislation in British Columbia and a system of voluntary self-control by the institutions involved in England. The object of this paper is to examine the adequacy of control in some important aspects of take-over bids. As a background to discussion, two bids which disturbed the financial and legal communities in England are described. Some of the problems which were illustrated during the course of these bids are isolated and examined. These include the directors' powers when reacting to a take-over offer, disclosure of information, equality of treatment for shareholders, the role of financial advisers, and the position of minority shareholders after the completion of a bid. It will be seen that two different methods of control operate in British Columbia and in England. In British Columbia, the Securities Act 1967 contains provisions relevant to take-overs, and is administered by the Securities Commission. In England the situation is more complex. Legislative provisions are contained in the Licensed Dealers (Conduct of Business) Rules, but more significant control is exercised by the Take-over Panel who administer the City Code on Take-overs and Mergers, 1969, a voluntary system of self-control. In both jurisdictions the common law plays an important role. The strengths and weaknesses of the two systems and their effect on the problems under discussion are noted. The Securities Commission has wide investigatory and legal powers, but the rules are somewhat inflexible and as the Commission is understaffed it cannot give the attention necessary to problems which may arise. The Take-over Code contains excellent rules, which may be easily adjusted to take account of changes in commercial circumstances, but the Panel suffers from a lack of legal powers. It is discovered that shareholders in each jurisdiction have common problems of access to information and enforcement of the rules. In those areas in which the common law is the controlling influence, there is uncertainty as to the rights of shareholders and the extent to which they may be affected by a resolution of the company in general meeting. It is suggested that the problems which are revealed by an examination of recent bids can best be approached through a procedure which combines the best and eliminates the worst facets of the present systems in British Columbia and in England. It is therefore recommended that a Take-over Commission be established in each jurisdiction under the Securities Act and the Companies Act respectively, having supervisory, investigatory and legal powers. Flexibility is maintained by enabling a committee of experts to draw up and continually revise the rules pertaining to take-overs.
Practical use of variational principles for modeling water waves
Creators: name: Clamond, Didier
name: Dutykh, Denys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper describes a method for deriving approximate equations for irrotational water waves. The method is based on a 'relaxed' variational principle, i.e., on a Lagrangian involving as many variables as possible. This formulation is particularly suitable for the construction of approximate water wave models, since it allows more freedom while preserving the variational structure. The advantages of this relaxed formulation are illustrated with various examples in shallow and deep waters, as well as arbitrary depths. Using subordinate constraints (e.g., irrotationality or free surface impermeability) in various combinations, several model equations are derived, some being well-known, other being new. The models obtained are studied analytically and exact travelling wave solutions are constructed when possible.
description: 30 pages, 1 figure, 62 references. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/
The Regional Forest Agreement and the use of publicly owned native forests in Tasmania : an investigation into key decision making processes, policies, outcomes and opportunities
Creators: name: Majewski, UD
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The Tasmanian Regional Forest Agreement is a defining policy tool that governs the use and management of the publicly owned native forests positioned at the centre of one of the most protracted and conflict-ridden debates over natural resource management in Australia's history. Drawing on multi-disciplinary discourses and data, and employing a qualitative approach including interviews with prominent participants in the RFA process and implementation, this thesis examines key aspects of the conflict, positions Tasmania's forestry system within a national and global environmental policy context, and undertakes a critical analysis of the scientific, political and governance processes and outcomes generated by the Tasmanian Regional Forest Agreement. It finds that the management of Tasmania's publicly owned native forests is still a contested issue and that, despite some successes, the RFA has largely failed to provide the anticipated win-win solutions to Tasmania's forest conflict.
title: Evaluation of the Shelf-Stability of a High-Carotenoid Breakfast Food and its Impact on Skin Carotenoid Levels
Creators: name: Reed, Dawn L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: It has been well documented that fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake is linked to lower risk of mortality and chronic disease. Raman resonance spectroscopy is a valid indicator of F/V intake and quantifies that intake by measuring skin carotenoid levels. In this study, 46 children, participated in a 6-week feeding study wherein they were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1) consuming a high-carotenoid (HC) breakfast/snack food, or 2) consuming a placebo bar, every day. The HC food contained 4.3mg carotenoids per serving and the placebo contained none. Skin carotenoids were measured every two weeks using a BioPhotonic scanner. The treatment group had a mean increase in scanner score of 5,802 Raman intensity units which was significantly higher than the mean increase of the placebo group, 1,771. In this study we found that consumption of 120 gm of a high-carotenoid food significantly increased skin carotenoid levels in children ages 5-18 over a 6 week period.
Packaging type as well as storage conditions play a role in preserving carotenoids which are sensitive to light, temperature, and oxygen. Care must be taken when choosing packaging and storage conditions for foods containing carotenoids. Two shelf-life studies, one at room-temperature and another in frozen storage, were conducted on the HC breakfast/snack food to determine the best method of packaging to maintain quality and preserve carotenoids. The food was randomly packed into one of three packaging types for both studies. The packages used in the frozen study were then randomly assigned to one of three freezer storage methods. Room-temperature samples were analyzed on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 and samples in frozen storage were pulled every month for 5 months. Measures of water activity, moisture content, color values (L*a*b*, chroma, and hue), and carotenoid content were analyzed in each sample. At the conclusion of each study, L*, b*, chroma, and hue were significantly affected by packaging type. No significant associations were found in any other measures. From this study we draw the conclusion that cellophane packaging or packaging with a N2 backflush would be the best options for use with this food to best retain its quality.
Electroweak Sphalerons with Spin and Charge
Creators: name: Kleihaus, Burkhard
name: Kunz, Jutta
name: Leissner, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, at finite weak mixing angle the sphaleron solution of Weinberg-Salam theory can be endowed with angular momentum proportional to the electric charge. Carrying baryon number 1/2 these sphalerons with spin and charge may contribute to baryon number violating processes.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
title: Oocyte Quality: Molecular Constituents Altered in the Oocyte Due to Various Environmental Factors
Creators: name: Cox, Lindsay
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: An estimated 1.6 million American couples struggle with infertility. Some causes for poor fertility can be clearly defined but in many instances, subfertility is unexplained. Poor oocyte quality is now considered to be a main contributing factor for many causes of infertility. Good oocyte quality is crucial for many processes including embryo development and maintaining pregnancy. There is a possibility that any alterations to the oocyte can have long lasting effects on embryo development and the health of the offspring. The oocyte is very sensitive to any perturbations to its surrounding environment. Transcripts for apoptosis inhibitors and epigenetic modifiers were found to be significantly more abundant in in vivo-matured oocytes compared to oocytes that were matured in vitro. RNA degradation and chromatin remodeling pathways may also be perturbed in in vitro-matured oocytes. While examining the effects of maternal age on the oocyte, there are age-related differences in gene expression in equine cumulus-oocyte complexes. Differences in gene expression may lead to a decrease in oocyte developmental competence. Age related alterations to gene expression in the equine cumulus-oocyte complexes might be caused by increased rates of oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. These alterations could directly impact many processes within the oocyte. Higher incidences of apoptosis may be possible in the cumulus cells from aged mares, which would directly impact the developmental competence of the oocyte. Lastly, oocyte quality may be impacted by western dietary consumption patterns, which could lead to many genes being differentially expressed in oocytes. Alterations to the abundance of these genes have been shown to lead to effects that are commonly seen with metabolic syndrome, such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. The results of this work will ultimately provide insight into the effects environmental influences have on the oocyte at the molecular level.
The mass-metallicity gradient relation of early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Spolaor, Max
name: Proctor, Robert N.
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Couch, Warrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a newly observed relation between galaxy mass and radial metallicity gradients of early-type galaxies. Our sample of 51 early-type galaxies encompasses a comprehensive mass range from dwarf to brightest cluster galaxies. The metallicity gradients are measured out to one effective radius by comparing nearly all of the Lick absorption-line indices to recent models of single stellar populations. The relation shows very different behaviour at low and high masses, with a sharp transition being seen at a mass of ~ 3.5 x 10^10 M_sun (velocity dispersion of ~140 km/s, M_B ~ -19). Low-mass galaxies form a tight relation with mass, such that metallicity gradients become shallower with decreasing mass and positive at the very low-mass end. Above the mass transition point several massive galaxies have steeper gradients, but a clear downturn is visible marked by a broad scatter. The results are interpreted in comparison with competing model predictions. We find that an early star-forming collapse could have acted as the main mechanism for the formation of low-mass galaxies, with star formation efficiency increasing with galactic mass. The high-mass downturn could be a consequence of merging and the observed larger scatter a natural result of different merger properties. These results suggest that galaxies above the mass threshold of ~ 3.5 x 10^10 M_sun might have formed initially by mergers of gas-rich disc galaxies and then subsequently evolved via dry merger events. The varying efficiency of the dissipative merger-induced starburst and feedback processes have shaped the radial metallicity gradients in these high-mass systems.
description: 5 pageg, 3 figures, accepted by ApJ Letter
Domain Adaptive Fake News Detection via Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Mosallanezhad, Ahmadreza
name: Karami, Mansooreh
name: Shu, Kai
name: Mancenido, Michelle V.
name: Liu, Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With social media being a major force in information consumption, accelerated propagation of fake news has presented new challenges for platforms to distinguish between legitimate and fake news. Effective fake news detection is a non-trivial task due to the diverse nature of news domains and expensive annotation costs. In this work, we address the limitations of existing automated fake news detection models by incorporating auxiliary information (e.g., user comments and user-news interactions) into a novel reinforcement learning-based model called \textbf{RE}inforced \textbf{A}daptive \textbf{L}earning \textbf{F}ake \textbf{N}ews \textbf{D}etection (REAL-FND). REAL-FND exploits cross-domain and within-domain knowledge that makes it robust in a target domain, despite being trained in a different source domain. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, especially when limited labeled data is available in the target domain.
description: Accepted to The ACM Web Conference (WWW) 2022
On the Product in Negative Tate Cohomology for Finite Groups
Creators: name: Tene, Haggai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R40

description: Our aim in this paper is to give a geometric description of the cup product in negative degrees of Tate cohomology of a finite group with integral coefficients. By duality it corresponds to a product in the integral homology of $BG$: {\[H_{n}(BG,\mathbb{Z})\otimes H_{m}(BG,\mathbb{Z})\rightarrow H_{n+m+1}(BG,\mathbb{Z})\]} for $n,m>0$. We describe this product as join of cycles, which explains the shift in dimensions. Our motivation came from the product defined by Kreck using stratifold homology. We then prove that for finite groups the cup product in negative Tate cohomology and the Kreck product coincide. The Kreck product also applies to the case where $G$ is a compact Lie group (with an additional dimension shift).
description: 13 pages
title: The Role of Vegetation Architecture in Determining Spider Community Organization
Creators: name: Hatley, Cynthia L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1978

description: The relationships between vegetation architecture and spider community attributes were examined in a big sage (Artemisia tridentata) community. Spiders were separated into guilds using similarities of species' hunting behavior. Shrub architecture was experimentally manipulated in the field by either clipping 50% of a shrub's foliage to decrease foliage density or tying together a shrub's branches to increase foliage density.
Temporal patterns of spider species density, diversity (H') and evenness (J') showed midsummer peaks in both 1974 and 1975. Seasonal spider guild trends reflected the temporal prominence of a member species or genus. These temporally abundant species appeared to play a major functional role in this community.
Shrub perturbations resulted in changes in spider species and guild densities. Spider species and guild density in the tied shrubs were significantly higher than that in the clipped or control shrubs sampled. Spider species diversity, density and guild density were also positively correlated with indicators of shrub volume and shrub foliage diversity. This suggests that structurally more complex shrubs (tied) can support greater spider species densities and diversity.
Spider guild densities and IV's were significantly altered by changes of shrub architecture. The observed guild distribution were in agreement with known hunting behavior and life history data of the member species.
The data suggest that architectural properties of habitat may be an important determinant of predatory invertebrate species diversity and distribution. Guild analysis may be useful in examining the roles of species groups in community studies.
ARCADE 2 Observations of Galactic Radio Emission
Creators: name: Kogut, A.
name: Fixsen, D. J.
name: Levin, S. M.
name: Limon, M.
name: Lubin, P. M.
name: Mirel, P.
name: Seiffert, M.
name: Singal, J.
name: Villela, T.
name: Wollack, E.
name: Wuensche, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use absolutely calibrated data from the ARCADE 2 flight in July 2006 to model Galactic emission at frequencies 3, 8, and 10 GHz. The spatial structure in the data is consistent with a superposition of free-free and synchrotron emission. Emission with spatial morphology traced by the Haslam 408 MHz survey has spectral index beta_synch = -2.5 +/- 0.1, with free-free emission contributing 0.10 +/- 0.01 of the total Galactic plane emission in the lowest ARCADE 2 band at 3.15 GHz. We estimate the total Galactic emission toward the polar caps using either a simple plane-parallel model with csc|b| dependence or a model of high-latitude radio emission traced by the COBE/FIRAS map of CII emission. Both methods are consistent with a single power-law over the frequency range 22 MHz to 10 GHz, with total Galactic emission towards the north polar cap T_Gal = 0.498 +/- 0.028 K and spectral index beta = -2.55 +/- 0.03 at reference frequency 1 GHz. The well calibrated ARCADE 2 maps provide a new test for spinning dust emission, based on the integrated intensity of emission from the Galactic plane instead of cross-correlations with the thermal dust spatial morphology. The Galactic plane intensity measured by ARCADE 2 is fainter than predicted by models without spinning dust, and is consistent with spinning dust contributing 0.4 +/- 0.1 of the Galactic plane emission at 22 GHz.
description: 10 poges, 9 figures. Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
title: From Crisis to Crisis: A Big Data, Antenarrative Analysis of How Social Media Users Make Meaning During and After Crisis Events
Creators: name: Bair, Adam R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: This dissertation examines how individuals use social media to respond to crisis situations, both during and after the event. Using both rhetorical criticism and David Boje’s theories and concepts regarding the development of antenarrative—a process of making sense of past, present, and future events—I explored how social media users make sense of and respond to a crisis. Specifically, my research was guided by three major questions:

Are traditional, pre-social media image-repair strategies effective in social media environments?
How do participants use social media in crisis events, and how does this usage shape the rhetorical framing of a crisis?
How might organizations effectively adapt traditional crisis communication plans to be used in social media during future crisis events?

These questions were applied to four case studies to provide a range of insights about not only how individuals respond to a crisis, but also what strategies organizations use to present information about it. These cases were carefully selected to include a variety of crisis types and responses and include the following:

A business (H&R Block) communicating to clients about a software error
A governmental organization (the NTSB) presenting information about the cause of an airplane crash and about missteps in its response
A governmental group (the CDC) responding to a global health crisis with various audiences and types of responses
An activist movement (Black Lives Matter) attempting to unify social media users to lobby for change and highlight the scope of the issues to the nation

Analyses of these cases not only show how individuals and groups used social media to make sense of crisis events, but also how the rhetorical strategies used to respond to a crisis situation. Understanding how individuals and groups make sense of crises will provide additional understanding to information designers, public relations professionals, organizations and businesses, and individuals using social media to effect change.
title: Size Scale Effects on Linear Weir Hydraulics
Creators: name: Curtis, Kedric W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Linear weirs are a common hydraulic structure that have been used for centuries with many different applications. One characteristic of weirs that is particularly useful is the head-discharge relationship where the discharge over the weir is directly related to the upstream water depth above the crest. In general, the head-discharge relationship for a weir is determined experimentally in laboratories using geometrically similar models. Due to space, time, money, and discharge capacity limitations at water laboratories, creating full scale models is not always a feasible option when determining head-discharge relationships for large prototype weirs. It is typically more cost effective to create a scale model than to build a full scale model or conduct tests on the prototype. Because of this fact, physical modeling has been one the most important tools in determining head-discharge relationships for weirs. However, as the physical size of the model decreases, size scale effects associated with surface tension and viscosity forces can significantly affect the results from the physical model and cause the results to differ from what would actually occur at the prototype scale. Therefore, it is important to understand what affects surface tension and viscosity forces have on the head-discharge relationship for different size weirs and when those effects are no longer negligible.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate size scale effects for linear weirs. Weirs models of three different crest shapes (flat-top, quarter-round, and half-round) were constructed and tested at four different geometrically similar sizes [weir heights (P) = 24-, 12-, 6-, and 3-in]. This was done in order to evaluate how size scale effects affect the head-discharge relationship as model size decreases for different crest shapes. Discharge coefficients were calculated for relative upstream head values ranging from 0.01 ≤ Ht/P ≤ 2.0 for vented and non-vented conditions. Nappe aeration behavior was documented and compared to determine where differences in the nappe trajectory occurred as a result of scale effects. Comparisons were made with data from others researchers to determine if the recommendations for minimum head limits were similar to the results from this study. This study examined the errors in the discharge coefficient associated with size scale effects and suggested limits to avoidance depending on model scale and crest shape.
Inflation driven by Barrow Holographic dark energy
Creators: name: Maity, Sayani
name: Rudra, Prabir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we have investigated the inflation mechanism driven by the Barrow Holographic dark energy (BHDE) in the early universe. BHDE is based on the Barrow relation for horizon entropy, which in turn is inspired from the shape of the COVID-19 virus. It was shown by Barrow that the quantum gravitational effects may instigate complex fractal features in the structure of a black hole. Since the length scale during the inflation is expected to be small, the energy density obtained from the application of the holographic principle in the early universe will be large enough to support the inflationary scenario. Using the Granda-Oliveros IR cut-off we have studied the inflationary scenario with the universe filled with BHDE. Various analytic solutions for the model were found out including the slow-roll parameters, scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio. Since inflation is generally attributed to the presence of scalar fields, we have explored a correspondence between BHDE and scalar field models. Both canonical scalar field and the Tachyonic scalar field have been considered for this purpose. The evolution of the potential generated from the fields are plotted and found to be consistent with the observations. From the work we see that BHDE can be a model of dark energy that can successfully drive the early time inflation.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 12 of Chromosome-level genome assembly of a regenerable maize inbred line A188
Creators: name: Lin, Guifang
name: He, Cheng
name: Zheng, Jun
name: Koo, Dal-Hoe
name: Le, Ha
name: Zheng, Huakun
name: Tamang, Tej Man
name: Lin, Jinguang
name: Liu, Yan
name: Zhao, Mingxia
name: Hao, Yangfan
name: McFraland, Frank
name: Wang, Bo
name: Qin, Yang
name: Tang, Haibao
name: McCarty, Donald R.
name: Wei, Hairong
name: Cho, Myeong-Je
name: Park, Sunghun
name: Kaeppler, Heidi
name: Kaeppler, Shawn M.
name: Liu, Yunjun
name: Springer, Nathan
name: Schnable, Patrick S.
name: Wang, Guoying
name: White, Frank F.
name: Liu, Sanzhen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 12. Review history.
Mixture preparation in petrol engines
Creators: name: Hoang, DL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this work is to study the aspects of mixture preparation in petrol engines which are of interest to the mechanical engineers and researchers. The work reviewed the characteristics and behaviour of fuel and air flow in the intake manifolds of petrol engines and emphasised on investigation of fuel distribution between cylinders in a carburation engine and a multi-point injection engine. Characteristics of the flows of liquid fuel film, fuel droplets, fuel evaporation and process of mixing of fuel and air were analysed. The presence and behaviour of a large amount of liquid fuel film and fuel droplets in the intake manifolds was confirmed to be a main cause of inhomogeneity of mixture supplied to the cylinders. Atomising fuel spray and heating inlet manifolds are good methods for improving fuel evaporation and mixing of fuel and air in the intake manifolds to achieve homogeneous mixture for good operations of the engines. Fuel distribution between cylinders of a carburation engine and a multi-point injection engine was investigated, using the method of exhaust gas analysis. The results showed that in the multi-point injection engine fuel distribution between the cylinders is much better than in the carburation engine although the injection engine is equipped with a pneumatically controlled fuel injection pump (delta A/F ratio of 0.35 to 0.93 in the injection engine in contrast of delta A/F ratio of 0.76 to 1.7 in the carburation engine at normal running conditions). Injection engines equipped with an electronically controlled fuel injection system would have much better improvement in fuel distribution than the injection engine used for the present study. Heating the intake manifold in the carburation engine (by increasing coolant temperature) indicated a good improvement in fuel distribution between the cylinders while heating inlet air was not an effective way. In the injection engine, fuel distribution between the cylinders was seen to be not significantly affected by heating.
title: Economic Strategies for White-Tailed Deer and Livestock Production on Central and South Texas Ranches
Creators: name: Cohen, Will E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1991

description: Recently, hunting and associated recreation have become an important business for Texas landowners. Most ranchers want to realize maximum net return from their investments. This study's objectives were to develop white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and livestock enterprise budgets and to determine optimal economic combinations and levels of deer and livestock enterprises to maximize net returns. Questionnaires were mailed to landowners in the Edwards Plateau and South Texas Plains who purchased shooting preserve licenses in 1985. Five hundred and twenty-four ranchers responded {23.4%). Respondents were segregated by enterprises (deer, cattle, sheep, and Angora and Spanish goats) and a 5% random sample Has chosen from each group for personal interviews. Forty-two and eighteen ranchers in the Edwards Plateau and South Texas Plains, respectively, provided operational and financial information about their ranch enterprises.
Typical ranch enterprise budgets were developed for four types of deer enterprises, three cattle enterprises, one sheep enterprise, two Angora goat enterprises, and one Spanish goat enterprise in the Edwards Plateau. In the South Texas Plains, enterprise budgets were developed for four types of deer enterprises and two cattle enterprises. Available resources, such as hectarage, labor, forage, and capital, were determined for typical ranches in both regions.
The year deer enterprise was the most profitable deer enterprise in both regions, followed by the season, short-term/season, and short-term deer enterprises. The nanny-mutton-kid-breeding-mohair Angora goat enterprise was the most profitable livestock enterprise in the Edwards Plateau, while the cow-calf enterprise was the most profitable in the South Texas Plains.
Linear programming was used to determine optimal combinations and levels of deer and livestock enterprises on typical Edwards Plateau and South Texas Plains ranches. The most profitable combination (in this case only one activity) in the Edwards Plateau was the nanny-mutton-kid- breeding Angora goat enterprise, which had an extremely high gross income due to high mohair prices and government subsidies. The year deer and cow-calf enterprises were the most profitable combination in the South Texas Plains. The most binding constraints on enterprise combination and level were labor, livestock investment, and spring and summer forage.