cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Sum Formula for Multiple q-Zeta Values
Creators: name: Bradley, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M41; 11M06, 05A30, 30B50

description: Multiple q-zeta values are a 1-parameter generalization (in fact, a q-analog) of the multiple harmonic sums commonly referred to as multiple zeta values. These latter are obtained from the multiple q-zeta values in the limit as q tends to 1. Here, we discuss the sum formula for multiple q-zeta values, and provide a self-contained proof. As a consequence, we also derive a q-analog of Euler's evaluation of the double zeta function zeta(m,1).
description: 9 pages, submitted for publication September 30, 2004
Cover Crop Effects on Cash Crops in Northern Great Plains No-till Systems Are Annually Variable and Possibly Delayed
Creators: name: Chim, Bee Khim
name: Osborne, Shannon L.
name: Lehman, R. Michael
name: Schneider, Sharon K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Cover crop adoption in conventional no-tillage corn/soybean production systems has been limited due to the lack of specific information regarding the impact of cover crops on cash crop performance. Within a no-till small grain/cover crop-corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in eastern South Dakota, we evaluated the impact of fall-planted forage oat (Avena sativa L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), winter canola (Brassica napus L.), and a combination of all three compared to a no cover crop treatment on soil nutrient dynamics, biomass, nutrient uptake, and grain yield of the immediatelyfollowing corn crop. At site-year 1, where cover crop growth was most consistent, corn yield was significantly higher with oat, vetch, and a combination of all three cover crops compared to the no cover crop treatment. At site-year 2, corn yields were equivalent among treatments except the combination treatment which was significantly lower. At site-year 3, corn yields in the canola and oat treatments were equivalent to no cover crop, while corn yields with vetch and the combination treatments were lower. Corn biomass and nutrient uptake responded to treatments similarly to corn yields. For site-years 1 and 2, some cover crop treatments resulted in modest, but significant increases in soil N during spring. For site-year 3, the combination treatment immobilized N during the corn vegetative growth phase but released N during the reproductive phase. Cover crop treatments had little effect on plant-available soil P. However, soybean yields two years following cover crop treatments were higher for all three site years with cover crops compared to no cover crop, with this difference significant in two of the three site-years. Immediate effects of cover crops on the following cash crop under no-till were variable and depend on both fall and spring cover crop biomass, which in turn are dependent on the amount and timing of precipitation and temperature patterns. Cover crops in no-till systems may produce more consistent but possibly delayed benefits by boosting yields of cash crops in later years as cover crop residues decompose.
Additional file 5 of Adult patient perspectives on receiving hospital discharge letters: a corpus analysis of patient interviews
Creators: name: Weetman, Katharine
name: Dale, Jeremy
name: Scott, Emma
name: Schnurr, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Table of word counts for corpus and sub-corpora.
Inverse cascade and magnetic vortices in kinetic Alfvén-wave turbulence
Creators: name: Miloshevich, George
name: Laveder, Dimitri
name: Passot, Thierry
name: Sulem, Pierre-Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Hamiltonian two-field gyrofluid model for kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) in a magnetized electron-proton plasma, retaining ion finite-Larmor-radius corrections and parallel magnetic field fluctuations, is used to study the inverse cascades that develop when turbulence is randomly driven at sub-ion scales. In the directions perpendicular to the ambient field, the dynamics of the cascade turns out to be nonlocal and the ratio $χ_f$ of the wave period to the characteristic nonlinear time at the driving scale affect some of its properties. For example, at small values of $χ_f$, parametric decay instability of the modes driven by the forcing can develop, enhancing for a while inverse transfers. The balanced state, obtained at early time when the two counter-propagating waves are equally driven, also becomes unstable at small $χ_f$, leading to an inverse cascade. For $β_e$ smaller than a few units, the cascade slows down when reaching the low-dispersion spectral range. For higher $β_e$, the ratio of the KAW to the Alfvén frequencies displays a local minimum. At the corresponding transverse wavenumber, a condensate is formed, and the cascade towards larger scales is then inhibited. Depending on the parameters, a parallel inverse cascade can develop, enhancing the elongation of the ion-scale magnetic vortices that generically form.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures, 1 table
VALIDATING PERFORMANCE OF CENTER OVER CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN SOCIAL LEARNING CENTER
Creators: name: Ali, Muhammad Najib
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study will triangulate and validate between the determinant factors towards performance of social learning centre with main theme towards customer satisfaction of social learning centre. In stratified simple random method, groups of strata selected and group from stratified purposeful method, has drawn two (2) major groups. The result of performance from determinant factors and the result of customer satisfaction from major theme from factors would be verified and validated. Both result from performance data would be verified and validated with data customer satisfaction of u3e, PAWE and private day care within areas of Klang Valley and Selangor. There are 150 operators of quantitative method and 10 participants and 2 centers of qualitative method involved in questionnaires, interviews and observation.
Axion-mediated forces, CP violation and left-right interactions
Creators: name: Bertolini, Stefano
name: Di Luzio, Luca
name: Nesti, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the CP-violating (CPV) scalar axion coupling to nucleons in the framework of baryon chiral perturbation theory and we apply the results to the case of left-right symmetry. The correlated constraints with other CPV observables show that the predicted axion nucleon coupling is within the reach of present axion-mediated force experiments for $M_{W_R}$ up to $1000$ TeV.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. Version to appear in Physical Review Letters
Primordial Bispectrum Information from CMB Polarization
Creators: name: Babich, Daniel
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the precise observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy power spectrum, attention is now being focused on the higher order statistics of the CMB anisotropies. Since linear evolution preserves the statistical properties of the initial conditions, observed non-Gaussianity of the CMB will mirror primordial non-Gaussianity. Single field slow-roll inflation robustly predicts negligible non-Gaussianity so an indication of non-Gaussianity will suggest alternative scenarios need to be considered. In this paper we calculate the information on primordial non-Gaussianity encoded in the polarization of the CMB. After deriving the optimal weights for a cubic estimator we evaluate the Signal-to-Noise ratio of the estimator for WMAP, Planck and an ideal cosmic variance limited experiment. We find that when the experiment can observe CMB polarization with good sensitivity, the sensitivity to primordial non-Gaussianity increases by roughly a factor of two. We also test the weakly non-Gaussian assumption used to derive the optimal weight factor by calculating the degradation factor produced by the gravitational lensing induced connected four-point function. The physical scales in the radiative transfer functions are largely irrelevant for the constraints on the primordial non-Gaussianity. We show that the total (S/N)^2 is simply proportional to the number of observed pixels on the sky.
description: To be submitted to PRD, 25 pages, 6 figures
Almost perfect transmission of multipartite entanglement through disordered and noisy spin chains
Creators: name: Vieira, Rafael
name: Rigolin, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to efficiently send an M-partite entangled state along a spin chain of arbitrary size. Specifically, we show how an entangled M-partite W sate can be almost flawlessly transmitted from one end (Alice) to the other end (Bob) of a spin-1/2 chain described by a slightly modified XX model. We achieve an almost perfect transmission without employing external magnetic fields or modulating the coupling constants among the spins of the chain, the two standard approaches used to achieve a good transmission efficiency. Moreover, the protocol here proposed can be used to transform an M-partite W state with Alice into an M'-partite one with Bob (M different from M'). We also investigate the proposed protocol's response to several types of disorder and noise and show that it is quite robust to small deviations about the coupling constants of the optimal ordered and noiseless case.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, single column, published version
Divergence and Shannon information in genomes
Creators: name: Chen, Hong-Da
name: Chang, Chang-Heng
name: Hsieh, Li-Ching
name: Lee, Hoong-Chien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Shannon information (SI) and its special case, divergence, are defined for a DNA sequence in terms of probabilities of chemical words in the sequence and are computed for a set of complete genomes highly diverse in length and composition. We find the following: SI (but not divergence) is inversely proportional to sequence length for a random sequence but is length-independent for genomes; the genomic SI is always greater and, for shorter words and longer sequences, hundreds to thousands times greater than the SI in a random sequence whose length and composition match those of the genome; genomic SIs appear to have word-length dependent universal values. The universality is inferred to be an evolution footprint of a universal mode for genome growth.
description: 4 pages, 3 tables, 2 figures
A Race to Develop: A Competing Risk Examination of the Pattern and Timing of Land Development in an Exurban County
Creators: name: Wrenn, Douglas H.
name: Wrenn, Douglas H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Rural-urban fringe counties (i.e. counties adjacent to other counties with large and growing urban centers) often experience intense development pressure as a result of urban growth and expansion. While growth-initiated development can take many forms, the majority of the development that occurs in these exurban counties is in the form of single-family residential dwellings. Moreover, it is in the form of subdivision developments that range in size from very small two and three lot minor subdivisions to massive multi-phase major subdivisions with hundreds of lots and numerous amenities. In this paper, we focus on the land development patterns in Carroll County, MD, an urban-fringe county in the Baltimore-Washington D.C. metro region. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether a basic set of factors, both constant and time-dependent and acting at different spatial scales, can explain the timing and location of major versus minor subdivision developments in Carroll County. Using a micro-level panel of land parcel conversion, historical land records for subdivision development and ArcGIS software a new dataset was created that traces the entire history of the subdivision process in the county. Datasets were also created that trace the history of land preservation so that we could control for official open space and its interaction with the decision to subdivide through time. Using these data and a number of land use variables created from them from 1993-2007, we apply a competing risks duration model to analyze which factors affect major versus minor subdivision development. Visual inspection as well as a descriptive analysis of a series of landscape metrics based on distance from the metropolitan center reveals a different pattern outcome for small versus large subdivisions with larger developments following more closely to the predictions of the urban economic model. Empirically, we find further evidence that the factors affecting the timing of minor versus major subdivision developments are indeed different. Distance and access to road networks have less of an effect on minor over major developments, while surrounding preservation and the option to preserve have less of an effect on major subdivisions. To make the risk comparison relevant and to focus on areas that have experienced the most fragmentation as a result of residential land conversion as well as the most policy attention, we restrict our analysis to parcels located in minimum density zoning districts.
How Diffusion Models Learn to Factorize and Compose
Creators: name: Liang, Qiyao
name: Liu, Ziming
name: Ostrow, Mitchell
name: Fiete, Ila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diffusion models are capable of generating photo-realistic images that combine elements which likely do not appear together in the training set, demonstrating the ability to \textit{compositionally generalize}. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism of compositionality and how it is acquired through training remains elusive. Inspired by cognitive neuroscientific approaches, we consider a highly reduced setting to examine whether and when diffusion models learn semantically meaningful and factorized representations of composable features. We performed extensive controlled experiments on conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) trained to generate various forms of 2D Gaussian bump images. We found that the models learn factorized but not fully continuous manifold representations for encoding continuous features of variation underlying the data. With such representations, models demonstrate superior feature compositionality but limited ability to interpolate over unseen values of a given feature. Our experimental results further demonstrate that diffusion models can attain compositionality with few compositional examples, suggesting a more efficient way to train DDPMs. Finally, we connect manifold formation in diffusion models to percolation theory in physics, offering insight into the sudden onset of factorized representation learning. Our thorough toy experiments thus contribute a deeper understanding of how diffusion models capture compositional structure in data.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, plus appendix, some content overlap with arXiv:2402.03305
Towards Neuromorphic Processing for Next-Generation MU-MIMO Detection
Creators: name: Katsaros, G. N.
name: Ducoing, J. C. De Luna
name: Nikitopoulos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: C.2.1; C.1.4

description: Upcoming physical layer (PHY) processing solutions, leveraging multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) advances, are expected to support broad transmission bandwidths and the concurrent transmission of multiple information streams. However, the inherent computational complexities of conventional MIMO PHY algorithms pose significant practical challenges, not only in meeting the strict real-time processing latency requirements but also in maintaining practical computational power consumption budgets. Novel computing paradigms, such as neuromorphic computing, promise substantial gains in computational power efficiency. However, it is unknown whether it is feasible or efficient to realize practical PHY algorithms on such platforms. In this work, we evaluate for the first time the potential of neuromorphic computing principles for multi-user (MU)-MIMO detection. In particular, we developed the first spiking-based MU-MIMO simulator that meets practical error-rate targets, suggesting power gains of at least one order of magnitude when realized on actual neuromorphic hardware, compared to conventional processing platforms. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future research directions that could unlock practical neuromorphic-based MU-MIMO systems and revolutionize PHY power efficiency.
description: Accepted for Publication at IEEE SPAWC 2024
Quantum Computing for Finance: State of the Art and Future Prospects
Creators: name: Egger, Daniel J.
name: Gambella, Claudio
name: Marecek, Jakub
name: McFaddin, Scott
name: Mevissen, Martin
name: Raymond, Rudy
name: Simonetto, Andrea
name: Woerner, Stefan
name: Yndurain, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This article outlines our point of view regarding the applicability, state-of-the-art, and potential of quantum computing for problems in finance. We provide an introduction to quantum computing as well as a survey on problem classes in finance that are computationally challenging classically and for which quantum computing algorithms are promising. In the main part, we describe in detail quantum algorithms for specific applications arising in financial services, such as those involving simulation, optimization, and machine learning problems. In addition, we include demonstrations of quantum algorithms on IBM Quantum back-ends and discuss the potential benefits of quantum algorithms for problems in financial services. We conclude with a summary of technical challenges and future prospects.
description: 24 pages
Number Counts of GALEX Sources in FUV (1530A) and NUV (2310A) Bands
Creators: name: Xu, C. Kevin
name: Donas, Jose
name: Arnouts, Stephane
name: Wyder, Ted K.
name: Seibert, Mark
name: Iglesias-Paramo, Jorge
name: Blaizot, Jeremy
name: Small, Todd
name: Milliard, Bruno
name: Schiminovich, David
name: Martin, D. Christopher
name: Barlow, Tom A.
name: Bianchi, Luciana
name: Byun, Yong-Ik
name: Forster, Karl
name: Friedman, Peter G.
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Jelinsky, Patrick N.
name: Lee, Young-Wook
name: Madore, Barry F.
name: Malina, Roger F.
name: Morrissey, Patrick
name: Neff, Susan G.
name: Rich, R. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Number Counts of galaxies in two GALEX bands (FUV: 1530A and NUV: 2310A, both in AB magnitudes) are reported. They provide for the first time in the literature homogeneously calibrated number counts of UV galaxies covering continuously a very wide range of UV magnitude (14 -- 23.8). Both the FUV and NUV counts are inconsistent with a non-evolution model, while they are in good agreement with evolution models (essentially luminosity evolution) derived from the high-z UV luminosity functions of Arnouts et al. (2004). It is found that the contribution from galaxies detected by GALEX to the UV background is 0.68+-0.10 nW m-2 sr-1 at 1530A and 0.99+-0.15 nW m-2 sr-1 at 2310A. These are 66+-9% and 44+-6% of the total contributions of galaxies to the the UV background at 1530A, respectively, as estimated using the evolution models. ...
description: This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issue. Links to the full set of papers will be available at http:/www.galex.caltech.edu/PUBLICATIONS/ after November 22, 2004
Scalable coding of H.264 video
Creators: name: Ugur, Kemal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Real-time transmission of digital video over media, such as the Internet and wireless networks has recently been receiving much attention. A big challenge of video transmission over such networks is the variation of available bandwidth over time. Traditional video coding standards whose main objective is to optimize the quality of transmitted video at a given bitrate, do not offer effective solutions to the bandwidth variation problem. To deal with this problem, different scalable video coding techniques have been developed. The latest video coding standard, H.264, provides superior compression efficiency over all previous standards. This standard, however, does not include tools for coding the video in a scalable fashion. In this thesis, we introduce methods that allow encoding and transmitting of H.264 video in a scalable fashion. The method we propose is an adaptation of the existing MPEG-4 Fine Granular Scalability structure (FGS) to the H.264 standard. Our proposed algorithm minimizes the added number of the bits needed in adapting the advanced features of H.264 to the FGS system. Our proposed system has the advantages of being highly error resilient and having low computational complexity. Due to its structure, the FGS standard has low coding efficiency when compared to single layer coding. To overcome this problem, we also introduce a hybrid method that combines our proposed H.264 based FGS approach with the stream-switching approach employed in the H.264 standard. By combining different techniques, our proposed system offers a complete solution for all kinds of applications. The proposed system outperforms existing systems by offering optimum bandwidth utilization and improved video quality for the end user.
Spectroscopy of the type Ia supernova SN 2002er: days -11 to +215
Creators: name: Kotak, Rubina
name: Meikle, Peter
name: Pignata, Giuliano
name: Stehle, Matthias
name: Smartt, Steve
name: Benetti, Stefano
name: Hillebrandt, Wolfgang
name: Lennon, Daniel
name: Mazzali, Paolo
name: Patat, Ferdinando
name: Turatto, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extensive set of optical spectroscopy of the nearby type Ia supernova, SN 2002er, with 24 epochs spanning -11 to +34 days. Its spectral evolution is fairly typical of a type Ia supernova although it suffers high extinction. Nevertheless, there are differences in the spectral evolution when compared to coeval spectra of other normal type Ia supernova with comparable decline-rate parameters. Modelling of the photospheric phase spectra using a homogeneous abundance distribution in the atmosphere provides a fair match to the observations, but only by pushing the adopted distance and risetime close to the observational limits. Future improvements here will require models with a more realtistic stratified abundance distribution. From simple modelling of a nebular spectrum obtained at +215d, we infer a 56Ni mass of 0.69Msun, consistent with that derived from the light curve.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures; A&A (accepted)
Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the continuum radiative transfer problem inside axis-symmetric circumstellar envelopes
Creators: name: Perdigon, J.
name: Faurobert, M.
name: Niccolini, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of the continuum radiative transfer problem inside circumstellar envelopes is both a theoretical and numerical challenge, especially in the frequency-dependent and multi-dimensional case. While approximate methods are easier to handle numerically, they often fail to accurately describe the radiation field inside complex geometries. For these cases, it is necessary to directly solve numerically the radiative transfer equation. We investigate the accuracy of a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM hereafter) applied to the frequency-dependent two dimensional radiative transfer equation, coupled with the radiative equilibrium equation, inside axis-symmetric circumstellar envelopes. The DGFEM is a variant of finite element methods. It employs discontinuous elements and flux integrals along their boundaries, ensuring local conservation. However, as opposed to the classical finite-element methods, the solution is discontinuous across element edges. We implemented the method in a code and tested its accuracy by comparing our results with the benchmarks from the literature. For all the tested cases, the temperature profile agrees within one percent. Additionally, the emerging spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and images, obtained subsequently by ray-tracing techniques from the DGFEM solution, agree on average within $5~\mathrm{\%}$ and $10~\mathrm{\%}$, respectively. We show that the DGFEM can accurately describe the temperature profile inside axis-symmetric circumstellar envelopes. Consecutively the emerging SEDs and images are also well reproduced. The discontinuous Galerkin finite element method provides an alternative method (other than Monte Carlo methods for instance) for solving the radiative transfer equation, and could be used in cases that are more difficult to handle with the other methods.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, 1 table
Additional file 4 of Adult patient perspectives on receiving hospital discharge letters: a corpus analysis of patient interviews
Creators: name: Weetman, Katharine
name: Dale, Jeremy
name: Scott, Emma
name: Schnurr, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Concordance samples for keywords discussed in the main manuscript.
INNOVATIONS AS A DEVELOPMENT FACTOR FOR THE CONTEMPORARY CULTURE IN BELARUS
Creators: name: Buloichyk, Sviatlana
name: Buloichyk, Sviatlana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Budget allowances
subject: autonomous institutions
subject: sphere of culture
subject: budgetary institutions
subject: economic innovations.

description: Cultural institutions, being the subjects of management on one hand, and creating economic conditions on the other hand, have a significant impact on the development of the economy. However, cultural institutions themselves need to be developed. Certain economic innovations can become a development factor in the work of cultural institutions.
APPLICATION OF SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION FOR CELLULASE ENZYME PRODUCTION USING TRICHODERMA VIRIDE
Creators: name: Mojsov, Kiro
name: Mojsov, Kiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Solid-state fermentation
subject: Trichoderma viride
subject: cellulase enzyme
subject: wheat straw agro-waste
subject: single cell protein.

description: The Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is alternative to submerged fermentation for production antibiotics, single cell protein, enzymes, organic acids, biofuel, etc. However, the advantages of SSF in various processes are found to be greater than in submerged fermentation. This technique not only decreases the cost of the process but also makes product cheaper for consumers. The paper describes experimental application of SSF on wheat straw for production of mycelia protein and cellulase enzymes by Trichoderma viride. This actual waste from agriculture industry was used as a nourishing base by Trichoderma viride in SSF for cellulase enzyme production. Growth and enzymes production by Trichoderma viride were evaluated on wheat straw and alkali treatment wheat straw (wet processing). The growth of the microorganism (biomass content) shows maximum (123.44 mg/petri dish) on alkali treatment wheat straw compared (96.36 mg/petri dish) on wheat straw during of 240 hours. The results obtained demonstrate that the wheat straw waste from agriculture industry can be used as inexpensive base (carbon source) for industrial production on cellulase enzymes by Trichoderma viride.
The inner disk of RY Tau: evidence of stellar occultation by the disk atmosphere at the sublimation rim from K-band continuum interferometry
Creators: name: Davies, Claire L.
name: Kraus, Stefan
name: Harries, Tim J.
name: Monnier, John D.
name: Kloppenborg, Brian
name: Aarnio, Alicia
name: Baron, Fabien
name: Lopez, Rebeca Garcia
name: Millan-Gabet, Rafael
name: Parks, Robert
name: Pedretti, Ettore
name: Perraut, Karine
name: Sturmann, Judit
name: Sturmann, Laszlo
name: Brummelaar, Theo A. ten
name: Touhami, Yamina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present models of the inner region of the circumstellar disk of RY Tau which aim to explain our near-infrared ($K$-band: $2.1\,μ$m) interferometric observations while remaining consistent with the optical to near-infrared portions of the spectral energy distribution. Our sub-milliarcsecond resolution CHARA Array observations are supplemented with shorter baseline, archival data from PTI, KI and VLTI/GRAVITY and modeled using an axisymmetric Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. The $K$-band visibilities are well-fit by models incorporating a central star illuminating a disk with an inner edge shaped by dust sublimation at $0.210\pm0.005\,$au, assuming a viewing geometry adopted from millimeter interferometry ($65^{\circ}$ inclined with a disk major axis position angle of $23^{\circ}$). This sublimation radius is consistent with that expected of Silicate grains with a maximum size of $0.36-0.40\,μ$m contributing to the opacity and is an order of magnitude further from the star than the theoretical magnetospheric truncation radius. The visibilities on the longest baselines probed by CHARA indicate that we lack a clear line-of-sight to the stellar photosphere. Instead, our analysis shows that the central star is occulted by the disk surface layers close to the sublimation rim. While we do not see direct evidence of temporal variability in our multi-epoch CHARA observations, we suggest the aperiodic photometric variability of RY~Tau is likely related temporal and/or azimuthal variations in the structure of the disk surface layers.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Negative-Parity Heavy Pentaquark States in 1/N_c
Creators: name: Wessling, Margaret E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 1/N_c expansion for negative-parity heavy pentaquarks is developed using the formalism introduced for excited baryons in large N_c. Relations are found between the mass splittings of these pentaquarks and those of nonexotic baryons.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures; v2: footnotes and references added, typos corrected; v3: some entries in Table II and equation (12) corrected
Canonical seesaw implication for two-component dark matter
Creators: name: Van Dong, Phung
name: Nam, Cao H.
name: Van Loi, Duong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the canonical seesaw mechanism implemented by the $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry provides two-component dark matter naturally. The seesaw scale that breaks $B-L$ defines a residual gauge symmetry to be $Z_6=Z_2\otimes Z_3$, where $Z_2$ leads to the usual matter parity, while $Z_3$ is newly recognized, transforming quark fields nontrivially. The dark matter components -- that transform nontrivially under the matter parity and $Z_3$, respectively -- can gain arbitrary masses, despite the fact that the $Z_3$ dark matter may be heavier than the light quarks $u,d$. This dark matter setup can address the XENON1T anomaly recently observed and other observables, given that the dark matter masses are nearly degenerate, heavier than the electron and the $B-L$ gauge boson $Z'$, as well as the fast-moving $Z_3$ dark matter has a large $B-L$ charge, while the $Z'$ is viably below the beam dump experiment sensitive regime.
description: 11 pages, 5 tables, 4 figures; substantially improved with references added
Slow steady flow of a skyrmion lattice in a confined geometry probed by resistance narrow-band noise
Creators: name: Sato, Takuro
name: Koshibae, Wataru
name: Kikkawa, Akiko
name: Yokouchi, Tomoyuki
name: Oike, Hiroshi
name: Taguchi, Yasujiro
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
name: Tokura, Yoshinori
name: Kagawa, Fumitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using resistance fluctuation spectroscopy, we observe current-induced narrow-band noise (NBN) in the magnetic skyrmion-lattice phase of micrometer-sized MnSi. The NBN appears only when electric-current density exceeds a threshold value, indicating that the current-driven motion of the skyrmion lattice triggers the NBN. The observed NBN frequency is 10-10$^4$ Hz at $\sim$10$^{9}$ A/m$^{2}$, implying a skyrmion steady flow velocity of 1-100 $μ$m/s, 3-5 orders of magnitude slower than previously reported. The temperature evolution of the NBN frequency suggests that the steady flow entails thermally activated processes, which are most likely due to skyrmion creation and annihilation at the sample edges. This scenario is qualitatively supported by our numerical simulations considering boundary effects, which reveals that the edges limit the steady flow of skyrmions, especially at low temperatures. We discuss a mechanism that dramatically slows the skyrmion steady flow in a microfabricated specimen.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Effects of DGAT1 on milk performance in Sudanese Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle
Creators: name: Elzaki, Salma
name: Korkuć, Paula
name: Arends, Danny
name: Reissmann, Monika
name: Brockmann, Gudrun A
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Bos indicus
subject: Association analysis
subject: Allele frequencies
subject: Crossbreed
subject: 630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: The improvement of milk production of indigenous Sudanese cattle such as Bos indicus Butana and its cross with Holstein is a major goal of the Sudanese government to ensure sufficient healthy nutrition in the country. In this study, we investigated the K232A polymorphism of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1), a well-known modulator of milk production in other breeds. We determined allele frequencies and the allele effects on milk production. Therefore, 93 purebred Butana and 203 Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle were genotyped using competitive allele-specific PCR assays. Association analysis was performed using a linear mixed model in R. In purebred Butana cattle, the lysine DGAT1 protein variant K232, which is found to be associated with higher fat and protein contents, as well as higher fat yield was highly frequent at 0.929, while its frequency in Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle was 0.394. Significant effects were found on milk yield (P = 7.6 × 10−20), fat yield (P = 2.2 × 10−17), protein yield (P = 2.0 × 10−19) and lactose yield (P = 4.0 × 10−18) in crossbred cattle. As expected, the protein variant K232 was disadvantageous since it was decreasing milk, protein, and lactose yields by 1.741 kg, 0.063 kg and 0.084 kg, respectively. No significant effects were found for milk fat, protein, and lactose contents. The high frequency of the lysine DGAT1 protein variant K232 in Butana cattle could contribute to their high milk fat content in combination with low milk yield. In Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle, the DGAT1 marker can be used for effective selection and thus genetic improvement of milk production.
Charge qubit dynamics in a double quantum dot coupled to phonons
Creators: name: Wu, Zhuo-Jie
name: Zhu, Ka-Di
name: Yuan, Xiao-Zhong
name: Jiang, Yi-Wen
name: Zheng, Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of charge qubit in a double quantum dot coupled to phonons is investigated theoretically in terms of a perturbation treatment based on a unitary transformation. The dynamical tunneling current is obtained explicitly. The result is compared with the standard perturbation theory at Born-Markov approximation. The decoherence induced by acoustic phonons is analyzed at length. It is shown that the contribution from deformation potential coupling is comparable to that from piezoelectric coupling in small dot size and large tunneling rate case. A possible decoupling mechanism is predicted.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS OF UZBEKISTAN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Creators: name: Azimov, Abror
name: Azimov, Abror
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Socio-economical
subject: intellectual potential
subject: highly-skilled personnel
subject: ideas and innovations
subject: knowledge
subject: R&D.

description: The article considers aspects concerning effective coordination of scientific-technological development in Uzbekistan. In the conditions of new economy, insufficient development and use of innovations in the domestic economy will contain the rate of economic growth for any country. Government policies should enhance cooperation among R&D structures and businesses to induce competitive innovations into the national economy.
Statically Contextualizing Large Language Models with Typed Holes
Creators: name: Blinn, Andrew
name: Li, Xiang
name: Kim, June Hyung
name: Omar, Cyrus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.0

description: Large language models (LLMs) have reshaped the landscape of program synthesis. However, contemporary LLM-based code completion systems often hallucinate broken code because they lack appropriate context, particularly when working with definitions not in the training data nor near the cursor. This paper demonstrates that tight integration with the type and binding structure of a language, as exposed by its language server, can address this contextualization problem in a token-efficient manner. In short, we contend that AIs need IDEs, too! In particular, we integrate LLM code generation into the Hazel live program sketching environment. The Hazel Language Server identifies the type and typing context of the hole being filled, even in the presence of errors, ensuring that a meaningful program sketch is always available. This allows prompting with codebase-wide contextual information not lexically local to the cursor, nor necessarily in the same file, but that is likely to be semantically local to the developer's goal. Completions synthesized by the LLM are then iteratively refined via further dialog with the language server. To evaluate these techniques, we introduce MVUBench, a dataset of model-view-update (MVU) web applications. These applications serve as challenge problems due to their reliance on application-specific data structures. We find that contextualization with type definitions is particularly impactful. After introducing our ideas in the context of Hazel we duplicate our techniques and port MVUBench to TypeScript in order to validate the applicability of these methods to higher-resource languages. Finally, we outline ChatLSP, a conservative extension to the Language Server Protocol (LSP) that language servers can implement to expose capabilities that AI code completion systems of various designs can use to incorporate static context when generating prompts for an LLM.
description: To appear at OOPSLA2024
An experimental setup to measure cochlear implant output of ecological stimuli
Creators: name: Rotteveel, Floris
name: Maat, Bert
name: Başkent, Deniz
name: Gaudrain, Etienne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Researchers interested in the exact stimulation presented by a cochlear implant (CI) require an experimental setup that can measure clinical CI processor output. This work describes such a setup and aims to provide all the information and code needed to recreate a similar one. Additionally, the setup allows precise adaptation of realistic personalized stimulation tables retrieved from ecological sound stimuli, to be used in experiments with a research interface.

Since the coding from acoustic signal to stimulation tables is highly complex in modern processors, it can be difficult for researchers to understand what signals are being presented to the CI recipient listening to complex stimuli such as speech. Computational models for relating sound input to processor output exist, such as BEPS+ by Advanced Bionics, and the Nucleus Matlab Toolbox (NMT) by Cochlear. However, these models can prove insufficient in several ways: (1) they are not updated as often as clinical processors, (2) apply simplifications to decrease computational time, (3) lack a brand-neutrality needed to compare between processing of different manufacturers, and (4) make it difficult to recreate inputs that incorporate the multiple directional microphones of modern processors. The experimental setup described here overcomes these difficulties by allowing a researcher to measure the output of a clinical CI processor with all its bells and whistles.

The setup is a chain of devices which starts and ends at a laptop running Python. Inside a sound treated room, a loudspeaker plays stimuli to the CI processor, which is set up in an ecological fashion by attaching it to the ear of a KEMAR dummy. An implant-in-a-box retrieves CI signals from the processor and, through a load board, transmits the voltage signals of each channel to two synchronized oscilloscopes.

An example experiment is used to illustrate the use of the system. Here, the voice pitch (F0) of recorded Dutch spoken syllables was adapted, and the availability of F0 pitch cues in the CI output was studied using the experimental setup.

The voltage output was processed to infer pulse timing and current information. From here, analyses were done to retrieve information related to pitch, such as spectral centroid, amplitude modulation, and salience. This output was compared to the outputs generated by BEPS+ and NMT.
Atmospheric neutrinos as probes of neutrino-matter interactions
Creators: name: Friedland, Alexander
name: Lunardini, Cecilia
name: Maltoni, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino oscillation experiments provide a unique tool for probing neutrino-matter interactions, especially those involving the tau neutrino. We describe the sensitivity of the present atmospheric neutrino data to these interactions in the framework of a three-flavor analysis. Compared to the two-flavor nu_mu-nu_tau analyses, we find qualitatively new features, in particular, that large non-standard interactions, comparable in strength to those in the Standard Model, can be consistent with the data. The existence of such interactions could imply a smaller value of the neutrino mixing angle and larger value of the mass-squared splitting than in the case of standard interactions only. This and other effects of non-standard interactions may be tested in the next several years by MINOS, KamLAND and solar neutrino experiments.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; updated to match the journal version (Phys. Rev. D70, 111301(R) (2004))
On large deviation rate functions for a continuous-time directed polymer in weak disorder
Creators: name: Fukushima, Ryoki
name: Junk, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the endpoint large deviation rate function for a continuous-time directed polymer agrees with the rate function of the underlying random walk near the origin in the whole weak disorder phase.
description: 8 pages, minor revision made for publication
THEORETICAL STUDY OF RAW COTTON TRANSPORTATION PROCESS ON THE SUBMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION DEVICE
Creators: name: Rakhmonov, Xayridin
name: Safarov, Adyl
name: Rakhmonov, Xayridin
name: Safarov, Adyl
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Cotton transportation
subject: friction in rest
subject: kinetic friction
subject: pressure
subject: resistance.

description: The transportation of raw cotton in many respects is carried out through rotating screws or moving tapes. The study considers influence of raw cotton humidity on increase of friction factor during transportation process using submission and distribution device. It is shown that increase of humidity of raw cotton within the limits of 11 up to 38% is accompanied by surge of static and kinetic frictions. The research is executed by experimental methods on the special stand with use of strain measurement.
Relocalization switch in a triple quantum dot molecule in 2D
Creators: name: Znojil, Miloslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunneling between pronounced minima of a polynomial potential (simulating coupled quantum dots) can cause an abrupt quantum-catastrophic relocalization of density $|ψ(x,y, \ldots)|$. Non-numerical illustration is constructed, in 2D, using a non-separable sextic-oscillator model.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure