cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Increased Childhood Mortality and Arsenic in Drinking Water in Matlab, Bangladesh: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Creators: name: Rahman, Mahfuzar
name: Sohel, Nazmul
name: Yunus, Mohammad
name: Chowdhury, Mahbub Elahi
name: Hore, Samar Kumar
name: Zaman, Khalequ
name: Bhuiya, Abbas
name: Streatfield, Peter Kim
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Epidemiology
Public health
Drinking water--Arsenic content
Arsenic--Health aspects
Children--Mortality

description: Background: Arsenic in drinking water was associated with increased risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular death in adults. However, the extent to which exposure is related to all-cause and deaths from cancer and cardiovascular condition in young age is unknown. Therefore, we prospectively assessed whether long-term and recent arsenic exposures are associated with all-cause and cancer and cardiovascular mortalities in Bangladeshi childhood population.
Methods and Findings: We assembled a cohort of 58406 children aged 5–18 years from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System of icddrb in Bangladesh and followed during 2003–2010. There were 185 non-accidental deaths registered in-about 0.4 million person-years of observation. We calculated hazard ratios for cause-specific death in relation to exposure at baseline (µg/L), time-weighted lifetime average (µg/L) and cumulative concentration (µg-years/L). After adjusting covariates, hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause childhood deaths comparing lifetime average exposure 10–50.0, 50.1–150.0, 150.1–300.0 and ≥300.1µg/L were 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–2.57), 1.44 (95% CI, 0.88–2.38), 1.22 (95% CI, 0.75–1.98) and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.14–3.10) respectively. Significant increased risk was also observed for baseline (P for trend = 0.023) and cumulative exposure categories (P for trend = 0.036). Girls had higher mortality risk compared to boys (HR for girls 1.79, 1.21, 1.64, 2.31; HR for boys 0.52, 0.53, 1.14, 0.99) in relation to baseline exposure. For all cancers and cardiovascular deaths combined, multivariable adjusted HRs amounted to 1.53 (95% CI 0.51–4.57); 1.29 (95% CI 0.43–3.87); 2.18 (95%CI 1.15–4.16) for 10.0–50.0, 50.1–150.0, and ≥150.1, comparing lowest exposure as reference (P for trend = 0.009). Adolescents had higher mortality risk compared to children (HRs = 1.53, 95% CI 1.03–2.28 vs. HRs = 1.30, 95% CI 0.78–2.17).
Conclusions: Arsenic exposure was associated with substantial increased risk of deaths at young age from all-cause, and cancers and cardiovascular conditions. Girls and adolescents (12–18 years) had higher risk compared to boys and child.
High-resolution nanomechanical analysis of suspended electrospun silk fibers with the torsional harmonic atomic force microscope
Creators: name: Cronin-Golomb, Mark
name: Sahin, Ozgur
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nanotechnology
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: Materials science
subject: Microphysics

description: Atomic force microscopes have become indispensable tools for mechanical characterization of nanoscale and submicron structures. However, materials with complex geometries, such as electrospun fiber networks used for tissue scaffolds, still pose challenges due to the influence of tension and bending modulus on the response of the suspended structures. Here we report mechanical measurements on electrospun silk fibers with various treatments that allow discriminating among the different mechanisms that determine the mechanical behavior of these complex structures. In particular we were able to identify the role of tension and boundary conditions (pinned versus clamped) in determining the mechanical response of electrospun silk fibers. Our findings show that high-resolution mechanical imaging with torsional harmonic atomic force microscopy provides a reliable method to investigate the mechanics of materials with complex geometries.
siRNA could be a potential therapy for COVID-19
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sanhita
name: Firdous, Sayeed Mohammad
name: Nath, Anirban
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: 610

description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19. 2020, pp. 528-531
title: Hydrology days award
title: Hydrology days 2012
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2012
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Colorado State University, Author
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Hydrology -- Congresses
subject: Award winners

description: 2012 annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 21 - March 23, 2012.
description: The 2012 Hydrology Days Award was presented to Michael A. Celia.
G-Bounce
Creators: name: Easson, Damien A.
name: Sawicki, Ignacy
name: Vikman, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a wide class of models which realise a bounce in a spatially flat Friedmann universe in standard General Relativity. The key ingredient of the theories we consider is a noncanonical, minimally coupled scalar field belonging to the class of theories with Kinetic Gravity Braiding / Galileon-like self-couplings. In these models, the universe smoothly evolves from contraction to expansion, suffering neither from ghosts nor gradient instabilities around the turning point. The end-point of the evolution can be a standard radiation-domination era or an inflationary phase. We formulate necessary restrictions for Lagrangians needed to obtain a healthy bounce and illustrate our results with phase portraits for simple systems including the recently proposed Galilean Genesis scenario.
description: 28 pages. v2 reflects version accepted for publication in JCAP. References and minor comments added
title: Strategy and Risk Oversight
Creators: name: Larcker, David F.
name: Tayan, Brian
Publisher: name: Corporate Governance Research Initiative
Year: 2020

description: One of the primary responsibilities of the board of directors is to monitor the strategy and risk of the corporation. This Quick Guide provides a concise introduction to corporate strategy, key performance measures, and risk management. It answers the questions: How does management develop a strategy? How does the board test the strategy? What metrics are used to measure performance? How are risks identified and managed?
In Central Asia, Public Cooperation and Private Rivalry
Creators: name: Cooley, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: International relations
subject: Asians
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This New York Times op-ed examines the behind- the-scenes tension in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, a Central Asian regional security body comprised of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetics hospitalized for COVID-19 infection
title: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Mansour, Asieh
name: Sajjadi-Jazi, Sayed Mahmoud
name: Kasaeian, Amir
name: Khosravi, Bardia
name: Sorouri, Majid
name: Azizi, Fatemeh
name: Rajabi, Zeinab
name: Motamedi, Fatemeh
name: Sirusbakht, Azin
name: Eslahi, Masoud
name: Mojtabbavi, Heila
name: Ali Reza Sima, Ali Reza
name: Radmard, Amir Reza
name: Mohajeri-Tehrani, Mohhamad Reza
name: Abdollahi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: Diabetes mellitus
subject: DM
subject: 610

description: Some debates exist regarding the association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with COVID-19 infection severity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to describe and compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without DM. In this single-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled adult patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Shariati hospital, Tehran, Iran, from February 25, 2020, to April 21, 2020. The clinical and paraclinical information as well as the clinical outcomes of patients were collected from inpatient medical records. A total of 353 cases were included (mean age, 61.67 years; 57.51 % male), of whom 111 patients were diabetics (mean age, 63.66 years; 55.86 % male). In comparison to those without DM, diabetic patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have other comorbidities, elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), elevated blood sugar (BS), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The association of DM with severe outcomes of COVID-19 infection (i.e. mechanical ventilation, median length of hospital stay and mortality) remained non-significant before and after adjustments for several factors including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and comorbidities. Based on our results DM has not been associated with worse outcomes in hospitalized patients for COVID-19 infection.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19. 2020, pp. 1533-1543
Concluding Remarks
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Sukhamoy, Chakravarty
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1969
Subjects: Economics

description: The article presents information regarding a survey that was carried on to find out developments of agricultural sector in India. The Survey highlights the similarity of the Indian analyses of policy issues with that in many other developing countries, as also some striking differences endemic to the Indian economy and scene. On one hand, it is noted that the concern of Indian economists was familiar with issues such as trade and exchange rate policies, foreign aid and private foreign capital and response of agricultural production to price change. The structural planning models, the analysis of choice of technique problems on the assumption of a labor surplus economy and the debate on food grains policy in terms of zonal restrictions emphasizing India’s federal set up underline the somewhat uncommon character of India’s economy and political structure. Among the issues which have been prominent, but which have been decided to omit from the Survey, are whether income and wealth inequalities have been accentuated during the three Plans, with related questions about the trends in the real income of agricultural landless labor and in the concentration of industrial capacity and invested capital in the hands of a few top industrial houses, and whether decentralization in rural administration and planning, via the so-called Panchayati Raj system, has been beneficial for agricultural planning and growth.
title: Detected urgency through image examinations that were performed on an ambulatory of a oncology hospital.
Creators: name: Albuquerque, Jéssica
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oncologic Imaging
subject: Emergency
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: Observer performance
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Cancer
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Patients with oncological diseases benefit from the development of imaging techniques like contrast-enhanced CT. In order to assess the extent of the disease and to evaluate its response to treatment, cancer patients undergo routine CT studies at...
THE IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF VENTILATORY TRAINING ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND BRAIN DYNAMICS, DURING TRAINING AND CHALLENGE
Creators: name: Lu, Calvin
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Kinesiology
subject: Autonomic balance
subject: Cognitive workload
subject: EEG
subject: HRV
subject: Relaxation

description: A Guided Ventilatory Maneuver (GVM) can lead to changes in the central and autonomic nervous systems. Chronic effects of GVM have been reported in the literature to enhance physical and mental health. Purpose: To investigate the immediate effects of GVM on cortical activity and cardiovascular activity. Method: Twenty healthy participants (age 18-30) were recruited. Eligibility for the study required no experience in any mindfulness training. Results: Measures of the study utilized electroencephalography and electrocardiogram to measure cortical and cardiovascular changes. The study provided support for acute effects of GVM on cortical dynamics and heart rate variability. Cortical activity exhibited an increase in cortical relaxation during GVM. And cardiovascular activity exhibited an increase in parasympathetic activity. Conclusion: The psychophysiological measures of this study provided evidence for GVM as a relaxation technique. Specifically, during GVM, participant’s cortical dynamics reflect an increase in relaxation.
title: Correlation of intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and intraluminal diameter of brachial artery as cardiovascular risk markers in Brazilian adolescents with overweight or obesity
Creators: name: Maruichi, Marcelo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Paediatric
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Spectral Doppler
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Prospective
subject: Experimental
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Theprevalenceofchildhoodobesityhasincreasedworldwide. In 2016, the number of overweight children under the age of fivewasestimated to be over 41 million.(WHO) Obesity is associated withseveralcomorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2...
title: Troponin positive acute chest pain with nonobstructive coronary arteries: focused on cardiac CT findings
Creators: name: Yoo, Seung Min
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Acute
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: MR
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Emergency
subject: Cardiac
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Cardiac

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To understand the definition of troponin-positive nonobstructive coronary arteries (TPNOCA) and myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) To identify CT findings of various causes of TPNOCA and...
Optimal Policies and Immiserizing Growth
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1969
Subjects: Economics

description: In 1938, the author analysed the paradoxical case of immiserizing growth where a country, with monopoly power in trade, found that the growth-induced deterioration in its terms of trade implied a sufficiently large loss of welfare to outweigh the primary gain from growth. An obvious corollary of this proposition was that, if the country imposed an optimum tariff this paradox would be eliminated. The original immiserizing growth phenomenon belongs to the class of cases where a welfare-reducing distortion in the economy is the cause of the immiseration. Since the primary cause of the immiseration is the reduction in gains from trade resulting from shifts in the foreign offer curve facing the country, even though optimal policies are being followed before and after growth, there is no possibility of devising policies to escape such immiseration. The reduction in gains from trade, required to produce immiseration, would merely have to be larger than in the case where the initial pre-growth situation is optimal and hence characterised by a higher welfare level.
title: The value of SeHCAT scans in diagnosing bile acid malabsorption (BAM) as a cause of chronic diarrhoea following pelvic radiotherapy treatment (PRT).
Creators: name: Rhodes, Victoria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Radiation effects
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: Oncology
subject: Nuclear medicine
subject: Oncologic Imaging

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Our aim is to identify the percentage and severity of BAM in patients with pelvic radiotherapy treatment following a diagnosis of prostate, gynaecological or bowel...
title: OsteoNecrosis in the Jaw (ONJ) on Whole Body MRI scans (WB-MRI) in patients with breast cancer on bisphosphonate treatment
Creators: name: Bergman, Hannah
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Screening
subject: MR
subject: Radiographers
subject: Oncology
subject: Breast
subject: MRI

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Learning objectives To evaluate the prevalence of ONJ in women with metastatic breast cancer to the bones receiving bisphosphonate treatments. To evaluate the potential impact of using the fast-FLAIR head sequence on the patient’s treatment...
Correlated two-photon scattering in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to two- or three-level giant atoms
Creators: name: Gu, Wenju
name: Huang, He
name: Yi, Zhen
name: Chen, Lei
name: Sun, Lihui
name: Tan, Huatang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two-photon scattering processes in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a two- or three-level giant atom, respectively. The accumulated phase shift between the two coupling points can be utilized to alter the scattering processes. We obtain the exact interacting two-photon scattering wavefunction of these two systems following the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism, from which the analytical expressions of incoherent power spectra and second-order correlations are also derived. The incoherent spectrum, defined by the correlation of the bound state, serves as a useful indication of photon-photon correlation. The second-order correlation function gives a direct measure of photon-photon correlation. For photons scattered by the two-level giant atom, the accumulated phase shift can be used to improve photon-photon correlation,and adjust the evolution of the second-order correlation. In the system of the three-level giant atom, the photon-photon correlation can be substantially increased. Moreover, the photon-photon interactions and correlation distance of scattered photons can be further enhanced by tuning the accumulated phase shift.
Strong gender differences in reproductive success variance, and the times to the most recent common ancestors
Creators: name: Favre, Maroussia
name: Sornette, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Time To the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) based on human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is estimated to be twice that based on the non-recombining part of the Y chromosome (NRY). These TMRCAs have special demographic implications because mtDNA is transmitted only from mother to child, and NRY from father to son. Therefore, mtDNA reflects female history, and NRY, male history. To investigate what caused the two-to-one female-male TMRCA ratio in humans, we develop a forward-looking agent-based model (ABM) with overlapping generations and individual life cycles. We implement two main mating systems: polygynandry and polygyny with different degrees in between. In each mating system, the male population can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. In the latter case, some males are `alphas' and others are `betas', which reflects the extent to which they are favored by female mates. A heterogeneous male population implies a competition among males with the purpose of signaling as alphas. The introduction of a heterogeneous male population is found to reduce by a factor 2 the probability of finding equal female and male TMRCAs and shifts the distribution of the TMRCA ratio to higher values. We find that high male-male competition is necessary to reproduce a TMRCA ratio of 2: less than half the males can be alphas and betas can have at most half the fitness of alphas. In addition, in the modes that maximize the probability of having a TMRCA ratio between 1.5 and 2.5, the present generation has 1.4 times as many female as male ancestors. We also tested the effect of sex-biased migration and sex-specific death rates and found that these are unlikely to explain alone the sex-biased TMRCA ratio observed in humans. Our results support the view that we are descended from males who were successful in a highly competitive context, while females were facing a much smaller female-female competition.
Specialist Agreement Template
Creators: name: Kansa, Sarah Whitcher
name: Austin, Anne
name: Faniel, Ixchel M
name: Kansa, Eric C
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: archaeology
excavation data
data integration
identifiers

description: The Specialist Agreement can be used by field project directors and researchers ("specialists") to help improve the integration of specialist data into the greater project. The collaboratively-produced document details key information necessary for effectively creating, documenting, and sharing data for future use and reuse. The Specialist Agreement is intended to 1) provide guidance on how to express identifiers needed to relate specialist outputs with the excavation data; and 2) have specialists specify the types of data they expected to produce, a timeline for producing the data, and expectations for sharing their data within and outside of the project. This version of the Specialist Agreement is a template that directors and specialists can use to help negotiate project-specific expectations and needs. The Specialist Agreement emerged from research conducted by the Secret Life of Data (SLO-data) project with support from the National Endowment for the Humanities (grant #PR-234235-16).
title: Focus on the retroperitoneum: cystic masses
Creators: name: Manea, Daniela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cysts
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Retroperitoneum
subject: Anatomy
subject: Abdomen
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: to review the cross-sectional anatomy of the retroperitoneum; to provide an overview of the most frequent retroperitoneal cystic lesions and tips to narrow the differential...
Perturbations of Cosmological Redshift Drift
Creators: name: Bessa, Pedro
name: Durrer, Ruth
name: Stock, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we calculate the linear perturbations of the cosmological redshift drift. We show explicitly that our expressions are gauge-invariant and compute the power spectrum of the redshift drift perturbations and its correlations with galaxy number counts within linear perturbation theory. Our findings show that the perturbations are small, and that the peculiar velocity and acceleration terms are dominating and cannot be neglected when modeling the full perturbative expression for the redshift drift. We also find that the cross-correlations with galaxy number count fluctuations might increase the detectability of the effect and can help to separate the perturbative effects from the background cosmological redshift drift signal.
description: Matches published version in JCAP
Modeling and Analysis of an Active Magnetorheological Seat and Landing Gear System to Protect an Occupant in a Helicopter Crash
Creators: name: King, Caitlin
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Aerospace engineering

description: Occupant injuries in helicopter crashes occur primarily due to vertical loads. Mitigating those loads to the occupant is the best way to limit injuries sustained in an impact. Using magnetorheological dampers in the seat and landing gear can help to maximize the energy absorbed by the helicopter and minimize the loads to the occupant in a crash. There are a number of key interactions between the occupant models and the landing gear that have been examined in this research. These interactions are investigated and the control algorithms have been designed to reduce the loads transmitted to the occupant throughout the impact.
A pseudocompactification
Creators: name: Koushesh, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54D35, 54D40, 54D60

description: For a locally pseudocompact space $X$ let [ζX=X\cup cl_{βX}(βX\backslash\upsilon X).] It is proved that $ζX$ is the largest (with respect to the standard partial order $\leq$) among all pseudocompactifications of $X$ which have compact remainder. Other characterizations of $ζX$ are also given.
description: 8 pages
title: Spot the unusual – pictorial essay of congenital thoracic anomalies in adults
Creators: name: Banu, Corina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Congenital
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung
subject: Chest

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review computed-tomography (CT) findings of the various congenital chest abnormalities; To point out useful tools for differential...
Scaling in Surface Hydrology: Progress and Challenges
Creators: name: Gentine, Pierre
name: Troy, Tara J.
name: Lintner, Benjamin R.
name: Findell, Kirsten L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Hydrology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a review of the challenges in spatial and temporal scales in surface hydrology. Fundamental issues and gaps in our understanding of hydrologic scaling are highlighted and shown to limit predictive skill, with heterogeneities, nonlinearities, and non-local transport processes among the most significant difficulties faced in scaling. The discrepancy between the physical process scale and the measurement scale has played a major role in restricting the development of theories, for example, relating observational scales to scales of climate and weather models. Progress in our knowledge of scaling in hydrology requires systematic determination of critical scales and scale invariance of physical processes. In addition, viewing the surface hydrologic system as composed of interacting dynamical subsystems should facilitate the definition of scales observed in nature. Such an approach would inform the development of careful, resolution-dependent, physical law formulation based on mathematical techniques and physical laws.
Lifetime of Gapped Excitations in a Collinear Quantum Antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Chernyshev, A. L.
name: Zhitomirsky, M. E.
name: Martin, N.
name: Regnault, L. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that local modulations of magnetic couplings have a profound effect on the temperature dependence of the relaxation rate of optical magnons in a wide class of antiferromagnets in which gapped excitations coexist with acoustic spin waves. In a two-dimensional collinear antiferromagnet with an easy-plane anisotropy, the disorder-induced relaxation rate of the gapped mode, Gamma_imp=Gamma_0+A(TlnT)^2, greatly exceeds the magnon-magnon damping, Gamma_m-m=BT^5, negligible at low temperatures. We measure the lifetime of gapped magnons in a prototype XY antiferromagnet BaNi2(PO4)2 using a high-resolution neutron-resonance spin-echo technique and find experimental data in close accord with the theoretical prediction. Similarly strong effects of disorder in the three-dimensional case and in noncollinear antiferromagnets are discussed.
description: 4.5 pages + 2.5 pages supplementary material, published version
title: Occupational eye lens dose measurement using direct eye dosimeters in interventional cardiac electrophysiology procedures.
Creators: name: Kato, Mamoru
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Prospective
subject: Occupational / Environmental hazards
subject: Education and training
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Eyes
subject: Cardiac
subject: Radiation Protection

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To understand the importance of correct radiation evaluation of the eye lens dos, since the regulatory dose limit for the lens has been reduced markedly from 150 to 20 mSv/year. To understand the importance of radiation protection ofthe eye lens...
title: Radiological approach to pulmonary hydatid disease
Creators: name: Osorio Aira, Sonia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Catheter venography
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cysts
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Definition, epidemiology and clinical presentation of hydatidosis. Specific approach to pulmonary embolism hydatidosis. Radiological approach to pulmonary embolism hydatidosis. Clinical and radiologycal cases....
Public-Private Technology Partnerships
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Wallsten, Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics

description: The U.S. government has a long history of supporting private sector research and development (R and D). The economic justification for government R and D support is clear Primarily because of knowledge spillovers, profit-maximizing firms invest less than the socially optimal level of R and D. This market failure creates the possibility that government can help mitigate the underinvestment problem. Public-private technology partnerships are the newest approach w funding R and D. Technology partnerships include public funding of industry-led R and D projects and private research consortia, and collaborations between industry and government scientists. These programs hope to generate research that yields commercial products and innovations. This article discusses the rise of these programs, the theory supporting them, the types of research projects they must fund to be successful, the technical and political obstacles they face in funding these projects, and the evaluations of the largest partnership programs. This article concludes with policy recommendations, recognizing that these programs have potential but must overcome significant hurdles.
title: Neuroimaging in temporal lobe epilepsy; new diagnostic horizons
Creators: name: Osorio Aira, Sonia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education and training
subject: Not applicable
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Epilepsy; definition and physiopathogenic mechanism. Role of the different imaging techniques in this pathology. Protocol of structural MRI in epilepsy. Radiological approach to the main causes of temporal epilepsy, with clinical cases....
Non-Invasive Experimental Identification of a Single Particle Model for LiFePO4 Cells
Creators: name: Trivella, Andrea
name: Corno, Matteo
name: Radrizzani, Stefano
name: Savaresi, Sergio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The rapid spread of Lithium-ions batteries (LiBs) for electric vehicles calls for the development of accurate physical models for Battery Management Systems (BMSs). In this work, the electrochemical Single Particle Model (SPM) for a high-power LiFePO4 cell is experimentally identified through a set of non-invasive tests (based on voltage-current measurements only). The SPM is identified through a two-step procedure in which the equilibrium potentials and the kinetics parameters are characterized sequentially. The proposed identification procedure is specifically tuned for LiFePO4 chemistry, which is particularly challenging to model due to the non-linearity of its open circuit voltage (OCV) characteristic. The identified SPM is compared with a second-order Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) with State of Charge dependency. Models performance is compared on dynamic current profiles. They exhibit similar performance when discharge currents peak up to 1C (RMSE between simulation and measures smaller than 20 mV) while, increasing the discharge peaks up to 3C, ECM's performance significantly deteriorates while SPM maintains acceptable RMSE (< 50 mV).
description: Accepted for publication at the IFAC World Congress 2023
Social and structural barriers to effective antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection among injection drug users
Creators: name: Milloy, Michael-John Sheridan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Background: Despite the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART), injection drug users (IDU) continue to have high levels of HIV-related morbidity and mortality. This thesis sought to apply the risk environment conceptual framework on patterns of HIV treatment outcomes by: Systematically reviewing the epidemiologic literature on HIV disease progression among illicit drug users; examining the incidence of viral rebound among IDU on ART; evaluating the role of homelessness on the suppression of plasma HIV RNA viral load; and assessing the role of incarceration on the likelihood of non-adherence to ART. Methods: HIV-seropositive IDU participating in an ongoing prospective observational cohort completed biannual interviewer-administered questionnaires. This data was confidentially linked to comprehensive records on HIV treatment and related clinical outcomes held by a clinical monitoring laboratory and antiretroviral dispensary. A variety of longitudinal analytic techniques were used to estimate the independent relationships between selected social- and structural-level exposures and the outcomes of interest while controlling for relevant sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural factors. Results: The systematic review found that only a minority of studies included social- and structural-level measures in analyses of disease progression and treatment outcomes. Longitudinal analysis of viral rebound found that incarceration and sex trade involvement were significantly associated with higher rates. Among individuals initiating ART, homelessness was a significant structural barrier to suppression. Among individuals prescribed ART, we observed a dose-dependent relationship between non-adherence and the number of incarceration episodes. Conclusions: In this setting of free and universal access to HIV care and ART, sub-optimal treatment outcomes were common among IDU. Consistent with an application of the HIV risk environment, a number of prevalent social- and structural-level exposures were associated with higher risks of non-adherence to treatment and poorer treatment outcomes, including homelessness, sex trade involvement and incarceration. Interventions to reduce elevated levels of preventable HIV-related morbidity and mortality among IDU should consider the role played by modifiable aspects of the HIV risk environment.
title: Analysis of the Positive Impacts of the Lu177-PSMA Treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)
Creators: name: Vyas, Madhusudan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Medicine
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Oncology
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: PET-CT
subject: SPECT-CT
subject: PET
subject: Radionuclide therapy
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Safety
subject: Radiotherapy techniques
subject: Metastases
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The objective of this poster is to collate relevant literature related to Lu-177 PSMA treatment outcomes and to compare Lu-177 PSMA treatment with other treatment options, i.e. Abiraterone, Enzalutamide, Docetaxel and Cabazitaxel known as a...
Responding to Economic Crises: Policy Alternatives for Equitable Recovery and Development
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics

description: Suggests that policy responses to economic crisis should cover three essential dimensions. Include the maintenance of full employment and economic stability through macroeconomic policy; Presence of a complementary structural policy aimed at restoring confidence; Development of safety nets to mitigate the long-term effects of economic downturns.
title: Multinodular and vacuolating brain tumors; what the radiologist needs to know
Creators: name: Osorio Aira, Sonia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: Head and neck
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Definition and historical context. Review of2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system. Epidemiology and clinical presentation. MVNT histopathological substrate. Imaging findings. Case report. Differential...
A Unified Framework for Solving a General Class of Nonconvexly Regularized Convex Models
Creators: name: Zhang, Yi
name: Yamada, Isao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, several nonconvex sparse regularizers which can preserve the convexity of the cost function have received increasing attention. This paper proposes a general class of such convexity-preserving (CP) regularizers, termed partially smoothed difference-of-convex (pSDC) regularizer. The pSDC regularizer is formulated as a structured difference-of-convex (DC) function, where the landscape of the subtrahend function can be adjusted by a parameterized smoothing function so as to attain overall-convexity. Assigned with proper building blocks, the pSDC regularizer reproduces existing CP regularizers and opens the way to a large number of promising new ones. With respect to the resultant nonconvexly regularized convex (NRC) model, we derive a series of overall-convexity conditions which naturally embrace the conditions in previous works. Moreover, we develop a unified framework based on DC programming for solving the NRC model. Compared to previously reported proximal splitting type approaches, the proposed framework makes less stringent assumptions. We establish the convergence of the proposed framework to a global minimizer. Numerical experiments demonstrate the power of the pSDC regularizers and the efficiency of the proposed DC algorithm.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, submitted to journal
title: Pictorial Review: Sonographic Findings of Scrotal Emergencies
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Ortiz, Luis
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Trauma
subject: Infection
subject: Acute
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Complications
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Emergency
subject: Anatomy
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Review the basic anatomy of the scrotum. Describe a stepwise approach for sonographic evaluation of the scrotum. Discuss and illustrate the key sonographic imaging findings of scrotal...
The World Bank at the Millennium
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics

description: This article focuses on the World Bank's role in the global economy of the 21st century. Today, the World Bank's core mission remains the promotion of economic growth and the eradication of poverty in the less developed countries. The instruments used to pursue that objective have changed over the years, to be sure. Over the Bank's history, the balance of its effort has shifted from largescale, growth-oriented projects toward projects, programmes, and policy advice that more explicitly incorporate the poverty reduction goal. Individual projects remain the core of the Bank's work, and many of these projects have been shown to be quite successful at reducing poverty and its effects, whether by reducing severe malnutrition in Tamil Nadu, India or by helping spur a dramatic increase in girls' education in Bangladesh. But the Bank has learned over the years that successful projects are not enough: because of fungibility of funds, the net benefit from financing any individual project is in fact the net benefit of the marginal government project. Recognition of that fact has led the Bank to an increased focus on whether, taken as a whole, the government's actions and the institutional environment support the goal of poverty reduction.
POMA: An user-friendly workow for pre-processing and statistical analysis of mass spectrometry data
Creators: name: Castellano-Escuder, Pol
name: González-Domínguez, Raúl
name: Andrés-Lacueva, Cristina
name: Sánchez-Pla, Alex
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: POMA R/Bioconductor package presentation slides for the European Bioconductor meeting 2020 (#EuroBioc2020).

 European Bioconductor meeting 2020 is a virtual conference (from Dec 14, 2020 to Dec 18, 2020) aimed at biologists, bioinformaticians, statisticians, programmers and software engineers who use or contribute to the Bioconductor project, or are interested in using Bioconductor.
Test of many-electron QED effects in the hyperfine splitting of heavy high-Z ions
Creators: name: Volotka, A. V.
name: Glazov, D. A.
name: Andreev, O. V.
name: Shabaev, V. M.
name: Tupitsyn, I. I.
name: Plunien, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rigorous evaluation of the two-photon exchange corrections to the hyperfine structure in lithiumlike heavy ions is presented. As a result, the theoretical accuracy of the specific difference between the hyperfine splitting values of H- and Li-like Bi ions is significantly improved. This opens a possibility for the stringent test of the many-electron QED effects on a few percent level in the strongest electromagnetic field presently available in experiments.
The Procyclical Role of Rating Agencies: Evidence from the East Asian Crisis
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Ferri, G.
name: Liu, L.-G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics

description: We demonstrate that credit rating agencies aggravated the East Asian crisis. In fact, having jailed to predict the emergence of the crisis, rating agencies became excessively conservative. They downgraded East Asian crisis countries more than the worsening in these countries' economic fundamentals would justify. This unduly exacerbated, for these countries, the cost of borrowing abroad and caused the supply of international capital to them to evaporate. In turn, lower than deserved ratings contributed -- at least for some time -- to amplify the East Asian crisis. Although this goes beyond the scope of our paper we also propose an endogenous rationale for rating agencies to become excessively conservative after having made blatant errors in predicting the East Asian crisis. Specifically, rating agencies would have an incentive to become more conservative, so as to recover from the damage these errors caused to them and to rebuild their own reputation.
title: Medico-legal issues, negligence and litigation in advanced radiography practice setting (The United Kingdom experience)
Creators: name: Chukwuani, Anselm
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Workforce
subject: Education and training
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Audit and standards
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Radiographers
subject: Professional issues
subject: Advanced Practice

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: This paper aimed to examine malpractice, negligence and medical errors in advanced practice settings, the current medical malpractice tort system applicable in the UK, why patients may sue and measures one can take to mitigate the risks for...