cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-modal Preference Alignment Remedies Degradation of Visual Instruction Tuning on Language Models
Creators: name: Li, Shengzhi
name: Lin, Rongyu
name: Pei, Shichao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) are expected to support multi-turn queries of interchanging image and text modalities in production. However, the current MLLMs trained with visual-question-answering (VQA) datasets could suffer from degradation, as VQA datasets lack the diversity and complexity of the original text instruction datasets with which the underlying language model was trained. To address this degradation, we first collect a lightweight, 5k-sample VQA preference dataset where answers were annotated by Gemini for five quality metrics in a granular fashion and investigate standard Supervised Fine-tuning, rejection sampling, Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and SteerLM algorithms. Our findings indicate that with DPO, we can surpass the instruction-following capabilities of the language model, achieving a 6.73 score on MT-Bench, compared to Vicuna's 6.57 and LLaVA's 5.99. This enhancement in textual instruction-following capability correlates with boosted visual instruction performance (+4.9\% on MM-Vet, +6\% on LLaVA-Bench), with minimal alignment tax on visual knowledge benchmarks compared to the previous RLHF approach. In conclusion, we propose a distillation-based multi-modal alignment model with fine-grained annotations on a small dataset that restores and boosts MLLM's language capability after visual instruction tuning.
description: Project code, model and data: https://github.com/findalexli/mllm-dpo
Immersive virtual reality health games: a narrative review of game design
Creators: name: Tao, Gordon
name: Garrett, Bernie
name: Taverner, Tarnia
name: Cordingley, Elliott
name: Sun, Crystal
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: High quality head-mounted display based virtual reality (HMD-VR) has become widely available, spurring greater development of HMD-VR health games. As a behavior change approach, these applications use HMD-VR and game-based formats to support long-term engagement with therapeutic interventions. While the bulk of research to date has primarily focused on the therapeutic efficacy of particular HMD-VR health games, how developers and researchers incorporate best-practices in game design to achieve engaging experiences remains underexplored. This paper presents the findings of a narrative review exploring the trends and future directions of game design for HMD-VR health games. Methods: We searched the literature on the intersection between HMD-VR, games, and health in databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Compendex. We identified articles describing HMD-VR games designed specifically as health applications from 2015 onwards in English. HMD-VR health games were charted and tabulated according to technology, health context, outcomes, and user engagement in game design. Findings: We identified 29 HMD-VR health games from 2015 to 2020, with the majority addressing health contexts related to physical exercise, motor rehabilitation, and pain. These games typically involved obstacle-based challenges and extrinsic reward systems to engage clients in interventions related to physical functioning and pain. Less common were games emphasizing narrative experiences and non-physical exercise interventions. However, discourse regarding game design was diverse and often lacked sufficient detail. Game experience was evaluated using primarily ad-hoc questionnaires. User engagement in the development of HMD-VR health games primarily manifested as user studies. Conclusion: HMD-VR health games are promising tools for engaging clients in highly immersive experiences designed to address diverse health contexts. However, more in-depth and structured attention to how HMD-VR health games are designed as game experiences is needed. Future development of HMD-VR health games may also benefit from greater involvement of end-users in participatory approaches.
title: [Cahier de collecte n°4]
title: [Cahier de collecte n°4]
Creators: name: Le Mérer, Constance (1857-1945)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Provenance: Bibliothèque Yves Le Gallo, Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique
description: LEM2.17.pdf
Horizontal coherence in EU law and policy: Analysing,  explaining and improving the horizontal coherence of EU  policy design
Creators: name: Jonas, Kyrönviita
name: Suvi-Tuuli, Puharinen
name: Niko, Soininen
name: Froukje Maria, Platjouw
name: Cristian, Passarello
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The report presents the initial findings of the EU-Horizon CrossGov project on improving coherence in marine policies within the European Green Deal (EGD) framework. It includes a coherence analysis of the EGD’s ocean-related policies, as well as the findings from constitutional analysis and stakeholder interviews for explanatory factors for incoherence. The report emphasises the need for improving policy coherence to bridge the gap between EGD’s long-term vision and current policymaking.
Constraints on the galaxy formation models during epoch of reionization with high redshift observations
Creators: name: Ma, Qing-Bo
name: Chen, Xiao-Rong
name: Li, Ming
name: Guo, Qi
name: Ciardi, Benedetta
name: Acharya, Anshuman
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use high resolution N-body dark matter simulations and L-Galaxies semi-analytical galaxy formation models to explore the high-$z$ galaxy properties and estimate the budget of ionizing photons. The parameters within L-Galaxies are obtained using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method with high-$z$ galaxy observations from JWST and other telescopes. We consider two versions of L-Galaxies with and without dust correction on galaxy UV luminosities. With the best-fit parameters, both L-Galaxies 2015 and L-Galaxies 2020 reproduce well observations of UV luminosity functions, stellar mass functions, star formation rate densities and ionizing photon emission efficiency. With the assumption of escape fraction of $20\%$, all models produce more ionizing photons than the number of Hydrogen atoms in the Universe at $z>6$. The inclusion of dust correction within MCMC results in higher star formation efficiency, which predicts $\sim 50\%$ more ionizing photons, with better consistency between the predicted stellar mass functions and observations.
description: ApJ accepted, 18 pages, 12 figures
title: [Cahier de collecte n°6]
title: [Cahier de collecte n°6]
Creators: name: Le Mérer, Constance (1857-1945)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Provenance: Bibliothèque Yves Le Gallo, Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique
description: LEM2.19.pdf
MT-Bench-101: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Dialogues
Creators: name: Bai, Ge
name: Liu, Jie
name: Bu, Xingyuan
name: He, Yancheng
name: Liu, Jiaheng
name: Zhou, Zhanhui
name: Lin, Zhuoran
name: Su, Wenbo
name: Ge, Tiezheng
name: Zheng, Bo
name: Ouyang, Wanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has drastically enhanced dialogue systems. However, comprehensively evaluating the dialogue abilities of LLMs remains a challenge. Previous benchmarks have primarily focused on single-turn dialogues or provided coarse-grained and incomplete assessments of multi-turn dialogues, overlooking the complexity and fine-grained nuances of real-life dialogues. To address this issue, we introduce MT-Bench-101, specifically designed to evaluate the fine-grained abilities of LLMs in multi-turn dialogues. By conducting a detailed analysis of real multi-turn dialogue data, we construct a three-tier hierarchical ability taxonomy comprising 4208 turns across 1388 multi-turn dialogues in 13 distinct tasks. We then evaluate 21 popular LLMs based on MT-Bench-101, conducting comprehensive analyses from both ability and task perspectives and observing differing trends in LLMs performance across dialogue turns within various tasks. Further analysis indicates that neither utilizing common alignment techniques nor chat-specific designs has led to obvious enhancements in the multi-turn abilities of LLMs. Extensive case studies suggest that our designed tasks accurately assess the corresponding multi-turn abilities. The data and code are available at \url{https://github.com/mtbench101/mt-bench-101}.
description: [ACL 2024] The first three authors contribute equally, 34 pages, repo at https://github.com/mtbench101/mt-bench-101
Observation of Quantum Corrections to Conductivity of Disordered MoC and NbN Films up to Optical Frequencies
Creators: name: P.
name: S.
name: J.
name: D.
name: B.
name: M.
name: P.
name: R.
name: R.
name: M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: P. Neilinger, S. Kern, J. Gregus, D. Manca, B. Grancic, M. Kopcik1, P. Szabó, P. Samuely, R. Hlubina, and M. Grajcar (SAS), Observation of Quantum Corrections to Conductivity of Disordered MoC and NbN Films up to Optical Frequencies, Superconducting Hybrids @ Extreme, (June 28-July 2, 2021, Hotel Patria, Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia), Hybrid conference,https://nanocohybri.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Abstractbook2021_Slovakia.pdf
title: [Cahier de collecte n°1]
title: [Cahier de collecte n°1]
Creators: name: Le Mérer, Constance (1857-1945)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: A signaler : Kroaz ar Vretoned, n°172 (juillet 1916) ; poésie « O d’ann otro Zant Congard », signé Eur Savoyard bian ; Ave Maria « Salaün... » ; coupure de presse « La Légende de Saint Kadock » accompagné d’une gravure ; bulletin de souscription pour L’Etrange aventure de l’armée rouge par Camille Le Mercier d’Erm ; feuille volante « II – L’étoile de Dante » ; Breiz, n°628 (août 1939) ; coupure de presse « Ar Gwennili - l’Hirondelle » ; papier libre « autre version pour le 7eme couplet » ; papier libre « Heneg Kerazodi à Plourin ».
description: Provenance: Bibliothèque Yves Le Gallo, Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique
description: LEM2.14.pdf
Chaotic attractor reconstruction using small reservoirs -- the influence of topology
Creators: name: Jaurigue, Lina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forecasting timeseries based upon measured data is needed in a wide range of applications and has been the subject of extensive research. A particularly challenging task is the forecasting of timeseries generated by chaotic dynamics. In recent years reservoir computing has been shown to be an effective method of forecasting chaotic dynamics and reconstructing chaotic attractors from data. In this work strides are made toward smaller and lower complexity reservoirs with the goal of improved hardware implementability and more reliable production of adequate surrogate models. We show that a reservoir of uncoupled nodes more reliably produces long term timeseries predictions than complex reservoir topologies. We then link the improved attractor reconstruction of the uncoupled reservoir with smaller spectral radii of the resulting surrogate systems. These results indicate that, the node degree plays an important role in determining whether the desired dynamics will be stable in the autonomous surrogate system which is attained via closed-loop operation of the trained reservoir. In terms of hardware implementability, uncoupled nodes would allow for greater freedom in the hardware architecture because no complex coupling setups are needed and because, for uncoupled nodes, the system response is equivalent for space and time multiplexing.
Unveiling novel insights into Kirchhoff migration for effective object detection using experimental Fresnel dataset
Creators: name: Park, Won-Kwang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 78A46

description: This study investigates the applicability of Kirchhoff migration (KM) for a fast identification of unknown objects in a real-world limited-aperture inverse scattering problem. To demonstrate the theoretical basis for the applicability including unique determination of objects, the imaging function of the KM was formulated using a uniformly convergent infinite series of Bessel functions of integer order of the first kind based on the integral equation formula for the scattered field. Numerical simulations performed using the experimental Fresnel dataset are exhibited to achieve the theoretical results.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Multi-objective Optimal Roadside Units Deployment in Urban Vehicular Networks
Creators: name: Guo, Weian
name: Kang, Zecheng
name: Li, Dongyang
name: Zhang, Lun
name: Li, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The significance of transportation efficiency, safety, and related services is increasing in urban vehicular networks. Within such networks, roadside units (RSUs) serve as intermediates in facilitating communication. Therefore, the deployment of RSUs is of utmost importance in ensuring the quality of communication services. However, the optimization objectives, such as time delay and deployment cost, are commonly developed from diverse perspectives. As a result, it is possible that conflicts may arise among the objectives. Furthermore, in urban environments, the presence of various obstacles, such as buildings, gardens, lakes, and other infrastructure, poses challenges for the deployment of RSUs. Hence, the deployment encounters significant difficulties due to the existence of multiple objectives, constraints imposed by obstacles, and the necessity to explore a large-scale optimization space. To address this issue, two versions of multi-objective optimization algorithms are proposed in this paper. By utilizing a multi-population strategy and an adaptive exploration technique, the methods efficiently explore a large-scale decision-variable space. In order to mitigate the issue of an overcrowded deployment of RSUs, a calibrating mechanism is adopted to adjust RSU density during the optimization procedures. The proposed methods also take care of data offloading between vehicles and RSUs by setting up an iterative best response sequence game (IBRSG). By comparing the proposed algorithms with several state-of-the-art algorithms, the results demonstrate that our strategies perform better in both high-density and low-density urban scenarios. The results also indicate that the proposed solutions substantially improve the efficiency of vehicular networks.
description: This manuscript has been submitted to the journal of IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
title: [Cahier de collecte n°2]
title: [Cahier de collecte n°2]
Creators: name: Le Mérer, Constance (1857-1945)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: A signaler : feuille volante « An Durzunel »
description: Provenance: Bibliothèque Yves Le Gallo, Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique
description: LEM2.15.pdf
Emergence of interfacial magnetism in strongly-correlated nickelate-titanate superlattices
Creators: name: Asmara, Teguh Citra
name: Green, Robert J.
name: Suter, Andreas
name: Wei, Yuan
name: Zhang, Wenliang
name: Knez, Daniel
name: Harris, Grant
name: Tseng, Yi
name: Yu, Tianlun
name: Betto, Davide
name: Garcia-Fernandez, Mirian
name: Agrestini, Stefano
name: Klein, Yannick Maximilian
name: Kumar, Neeraj
name: Galdino, Carlos William
name: Salman, Zaher
name: Prokscha, Thomas
name: Medarde, Marisa
name: Müller, Elisabeth
name: Soh, Yona
name: Brookes, Nicholas B.
name: Zhou, Ke-Jin
name: Radovic, Milan
name: Schmitt, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly-correlated transition-metal oxides are widely known for their various exotic phenomena. This is exemplified by rare-earth nickelates such as LaNiO$_{3}$, which possess intimate interconnections between their electronic, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom. Their properties can be further enhanced by pairing them in hybrid heterostructures, which can lead to hidden phases and emergent phenomena. An important example is the LaNiO$_{3}$/LaTiO$_{3}$ superlattice, where an interlayer electron transfer has been observed from LaTiO$_{3}$ into LaNiO$_{3}$ leading to a high-spin state. However, macroscopic emergence of magnetic order associated with this high-spin state has so far not been observed. Here, by using muon spin rotation, x-ray absorption, and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, we present direct evidence of an emergent antiferromagnetic order with high magnon energy and exchange interactions at the LaNiO$_{3}$/LaTiO$_{3}$ interface. As the magnetism is purely interfacial, a single LaNiO$_{3}$/LaTiO$_{3}$ interface can essentially behave as an atomically thin strongly-correlated quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet, potentially allowing its technological utilisation in advanced spintronic devices. Furthermore, its strong quasi-two-dimensional magnetic correlations, orbitally-polarized planar ligand holes, and layered superlattice design make its electronic, magnetic, and lattice configurations resemble the precursor states of superconducting cuprates and nickelates, but with an $S \rightarrow 1$ spin state instead.
description: 41 pages, 14 figures
title: [Cahier de collecte n°7]
title: [Cahier de collecte n°7]
Creators: name: Le Mérer, Constance (1857-1945)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Provenance: Bibliothèque Yves Le Gallo, Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique
description: LEM2.20.pdf
title: [Cahier de collecte n°9]
title: [Cahier de collecte n°9]
Creators: name: Le Mérer, Constance (1857-1945)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Provenance: Bibliothèque Yves Le Gallo, Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique
description: LEM2.22.pdf
title: [Cahier de collecte n°11]
title: [Cahier de collecte n°11]
Creators: name: Le Mérer, Constance (1857-1945)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Provenance: Bibliothèque Yves Le Gallo, Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique
description: LEM2.24.pdf
The Case for Globalizing Fairness: A Mixed Methods Study on Colonialism, AI, and Health in Africa
Creators: name: Asiedu, Mercy
name: Dieng, Awa
name: Haykel, Iskandar
name: Rostamzadeh, Negar
name: Pfohl, Stephen
name: Nagpal, Chirag
name: Nagawa, Maria
name: Oppong, Abigail
name: Koyejo, Sanmi
name: Heller, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With growing application of machine learning (ML) technologies in healthcare, there have been calls for developing techniques to understand and mitigate biases these systems may exhibit. Fair-ness considerations in the development of ML-based solutions for health have particular implications for Africa, which already faces inequitable power imbalances between the Global North and South.This paper seeks to explore fairness for global health, with Africa as a case study. We conduct a scoping review to propose axes of disparities for fairness consideration in the African context and delineate where they may come into play in different ML-enabled medical modalities. We then conduct qualitative research studies with 672 general population study participants and 28 experts inML, health, and policy focused on Africa to obtain corroborative evidence on the proposed axes of disparities. Our analysis focuses on colonialism as the attribute of interest and examines the interplay between artificial intelligence (AI), health, and colonialism. Among the pre-identified attributes, we found that colonial history, country of origin, and national income level were specific axes of disparities that participants believed would cause an AI system to be biased.However, there was also divergence of opinion between experts and general population participants. Whereas experts generally expressed a shared view about the relevance of colonial history for the development and implementation of AI technologies in Africa, the majority of the general population participants surveyed did not think there was a direct link between AI and colonialism. Based on these findings, we provide practical recommendations for developing fairness-aware ML solutions for health in Africa.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.02190
title: [Cahier de collecte n°10]
title: [Cahier de collecte n°10]
Creators: name: Le Mérer, Constance (1857-1945)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Provenance: Bibliothèque Yves Le Gallo, Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique
description: LEM2.23.pdf
Bernardo Dessau, fisico, scienziato, maestro, da Bologna a Perugia tra i marosi del secolo breve
Creators: name: Carlotti, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seventy-five years ago, Bernardo Dessau passed away. He had been the sole professor of Physics at the University of Perugia for thirty years. With this brief contribution we intend to repay a debt of gratitude, first of all because his scientific merits were probably underestimated, having spent the first fifteen years of his career under the shadow of the great Augusto Righi in Bologna, where he also witnessed meetings with the young Marconi. He was then relegated to the Faculty of Medicine of Perugia, without a real laboratory, disregarded by the national scientific community and unable to move to better equipped locations. Nevertheless, he proved to be a gifted teacher and popularizer of science. He published a comprehensive three-volume physics textbook that was widely used in Italy and abroad. Despite becoming an Italian citizen in 1894, Dessau's German origins led to his suspension from service during World War I. Furthermore, his Jewish identity made him a target of Nazi-fascist antisemitism. He was dismissed from both the University of Perugia and from the Italian Society of Physics, of which he had been a member since its beginning, fortunately escaping deportation.
description: in Italian language. Accettato per la pubblicazione e in corso di stampa sulla rivista: Quaderni di Storia della Fisica della Societa' Italiana di Fisica
Biodiversitätsflächen zur Minderung der Umweltauswirkungen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln
Creators: name: Hötker, Hermann
name: Brühl, Carsten A.
name: Buhk, Constanze
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biologische Vielfalt
subject: Biodiversität
subject: Pflanzenschutzmittel
subject: Kompensationsmaßnahmen
subject: Biodiversitätsflächen
subject: Kompensationsflächen
subject: Chemikalien
subject: Landwirtschaft

description: Die ⁠Biodiversität⁠ im Agrarbereich ist in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten stark zurückgegangen. Unerwünschte Nahrungsnetzeffekte von Pflanzenschutzmitteln (PSM) tragen dazu bei. Eine Verringerung dieser Auswirkungen ist möglich, indem der Einsatz biodiversitätsschädigender PSM mit der Zulassung unter den Vorbehalt gestellt wird, dass ein ausreichender Anteil an unbehandelten Biodiversitätsflächen (im Gutachten als Kompensationsflächen bezeichnet) vorhanden ist. Das Gutachten bewertet den Bedarf an solchen Flächen, die ökologische Wertigkeit verschiedener Flächentypen und deren Einbettung in Agrarumweltprogramme. Die Autoren schlagen ein flexibles Punktesystem für die Ermittlung und Anerkennung der vorhandenen Biodiversitätsflächen vor.
An Interpretable Generalization Mechanism for Accurately Detecting Anomaly and Identifying Networking Intrusion Techniques
Creators: name: Pai, Hao-Ting
name: Kang, Yu-Hsuan
name: Chung, Wen-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advancements in Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), integrating Explainable AI (XAI) methodologies, have led to notable improvements in system performance via precise feature selection. However, a thorough understanding of cyber-attacks requires inherently explainable decision-making processes within IDS. In this paper, we present the Interpretable Generalization Mechanism (IG), poised to revolutionize IDS capabilities. IG discerns coherent patterns, making it interpretable in distinguishing between normal and anomalous network traffic. Further, the synthesis of coherent patterns sheds light on intricate intrusion pathways, providing essential insights for cybersecurity forensics. By experiments with real-world datasets NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and UKM-IDS20, IG is accurate even at a low ratio of training-to-test. With 10%-to-90%, IG achieves Precision (PRE)=0.93, Recall (REC)=0.94, and Area Under Curve (AUC)=0.94 in NSL-KDD; PRE=0.98, REC=0.99, and AUC=0.99 in UNSW-NB15; and PRE=0.98, REC=0.98, and AUC=0.99 in UKM-IDS20. Notably, in UNSW-NB15, IG achieves REC=1.0 and at least PRE=0.98 since 40%-to-60%; in UKM-IDS20, IG achieves REC=1.0 and at least PRE=0.88 since 20%-to-80%. Importantly, in UKM-IDS20, IG successfully identifies all three anomalous instances without prior exposure, demonstrating its generalization capabilities. These results and inferences are reproducible. In sum, IG showcases superior generalization by consistently performing well across diverse datasets and training-to-test ratios (from 10%-to-90% to 90%-to-10%), and excels in identifying novel anomalies without prior exposure. Its interpretability is enhanced by coherent evidence that accurately distinguishes both normal and anomalous activities, significantly improving detection accuracy and reducing false alarms, thereby strengthening IDS reliability and trustworthiness.
Synchronized states of power grids and oscillator networks by convex optimization
Creators: name: Hartmann, Carsten
name: Böttcher, Philipp C.
name: Gross, David
name: Witthaut, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synchronization is essential for the operation of AC power systems: All generators in the power grid must rotate with fixed relative phases to enable a steady flow of electric power. Understanding the conditions for and the limitations of synchronization is of utmost practical importance. In this article, we propose a novel approach to compute and analyze the stable stationary states of a power grid or an oscillator network in terms of a convex optimization problem. This approach allows to systematically compute \emph{all} stable states where the phase difference across an edge does not exceed $π/2$.Furthermore, the optimization formulation allows to rigorously establish certain properties of synchronized states and to bound the error in the widely used linear power flow approximation.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Topology optimization of blazed gratings under conical incidence
Creators: name: Ans, Simon
name: Zamkotsian, Frédéric
name: Demésy, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topology optimization method is presented and applied to a blazed diffraction grating in reflection under conical incidence. This type of gratings is meant to disperse the incident light on one particular diffraction order and this property is fundamental in spectroscopy. Conventionally, a blazed metallic grating is made of a sawtooth profile designed to work with the +/-1st diffraction order in reflection. In this paper, we question this intuitive triangular pattern and look for optimal opto-geometric characteristics using topology optimization based on Finite Element modelling of Maxwell's equations. In practical contexts, the grating geometry is mono-periodic but it is enlightened by a 3D plane wave with a wavevector outside of the plane of invariance. Consequently, this study deals with the resolution of a direct and inverse problem using the Finite Element Method in this intermediate state between 2D and 3D: the so-called conical incidence. A multi-wavelength objective is used in order to obtain a broadband blazed effect. Finally, several numerical experiments are detailed. The results show that it is possible to reach a 98% diffraction efficiency on the -1st diffraction order if the optimization is performed on a single wavelength, and that the reflection integrated over the [400,1500]nm wavelength range can be 29% higher in absolute terms, 56% in relative terms, than that of the sawtooth blazed grating when using a multi-wavelength optimization criterion (from 52% to 81%).
description: 26 pages (20 for the main paper, 6 for the appendix after the references), 10 figures (8 in the main paper), 8 sections in the main paper, 4 (A,B,C,D) in the appendix
Surface hopping molecular dynamics simulation of ultrafast methyl iodide photodissociation mapped by Coulomb explosion imaging
Creators: name: Ding, Yijue
name: Greenman, Loren
name: Rolles, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a highly efficient method to directly simulate the photodissociation followed by Coulomb explosion of methyl iodide. In order to achieve statistical reliability, more than 40,000 trajectories are calculated on accurate potential energy surfaces of both the neutral molecule and the doubly charged cation. Non-adiabatic effects during photodissociation are treated using a Landau-Zener surface hopping algorithm. The simulation is performed analogous to a recent pump-probe experiment using coincident ion momentum imaging [Ziaee \textit{et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.} 2023, \textbf{25}, 9999]. At large pump-probe delays, the simulated delay-dependent kinetic energy release signals show overall good agreement with the experiment, with two major dissociation channels leading to $\text{I}(^2\text{P}_{3/2})$ and $\text{I}^*(^2\text{P}_{1/2})$ products. At short pump-probe delays, the simulated kinetic energy release shows a clear bifurcation near 12 fs, owing to non-adiabatic transitions through a conical intersection. The developed method is particularly suitable and efficient in simulating processes that highly rely on statistics or for identifying rare reaction channels.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
“Running myself ragged”: stressors faced by peer workers in overdose response settings
Creators: name: Mamdani, Zahra
name: McKenzie, Sophie
name: Pauly, Bernadette
name: Cameron, Fred
name: Conway-Brown, Jennifer
name: Edwards, Denice
name: Howell, Amy
name: Scott, Tracy
name: Seguin, Ryan
name: Woodrow, Peter
name: Buxton, Jane A.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: Peer workers or “peers” (workers with past or present drug use experience) are at the forefront of overdose response initiatives, and their role is essential in creating safe spaces for people who use drugs (PWUD). Working in overdose response settings has benefits for peer workers but is also stressful, with lasting emotional and mental health effects. Yet, little is known about the stressors peer workers face and what interventions can be implemented to support them in their roles. Methods: This project used a community-based sequential mixed-methods research design. Eight peer researcher-led focus groups (n = 31) were conducted between November 2018 and March 2019 to assess needs of peer workers. The transcripts were thematically coded and analysed using interpretative description. These results informed a survey, which was conducted (n = 50) in September 2019 to acquire quantitative data on peer workers’ perception of health, quality of life, working conditions and stressors. Frequency distributions were used to describe characteristics of participants. X2 distribution values with Yates correction were conducted to check for association between variables. Results: Five themes emerged from the focus groups that point to stressors felt by peer workers: (1) financial insecurity; (2) lack of respect and recognition at work; (3) housing challenges; (4) inability to access and/or refer individuals to resources; and (5) constant exposure to death and trauma. Consistent with this, the factors that survey participants picked as one of their “top three stressors” included financial situation, work situation, and housing challenges. Conclusion: Peer workers are faced with a diversity of stressors in their lives which often reflect societal stigmatization of drug use. Recognition of these systemic stressors is critical in designing interventions to ease the emotional, physical and financial burden faced by peer workers.
Informed Spectral Normalized Gaussian Processes for Trajectory Prediction
Creators: name: Schlauch, Christian
name: Wirth, Christian
name: Klein, Nadja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prior parameter distributions provide an elegant way to represent prior expert and world knowledge for informed learning. Previous work has shown that using such informative priors to regularize probabilistic deep learning (DL) models increases their performance and data-efficiency. However, commonly used sampling-based approximations for probabilistic DL models can be computationally expensive, requiring multiple inference passes and longer training times. Promising alternatives are compute-efficient last layer kernel approximations like spectral normalized Gaussian processes (SNGPs). We propose a novel regularization-based continual learning method for SNGPs, which enables the use of informative priors that represent prior knowledge learned from previous tasks. Our proposal builds upon well-established methods and requires no rehearsal memory or parameter expansion. We apply our informed SNGP model to the trajectory prediction problem in autonomous driving by integrating prior drivability knowledge. On two public datasets, we investigate its performance under diminishing training data and across locations, and thereby demonstrate an increase in data-efficiency and robustness to location-transfers over non-informed and informed baselines.
Tangent space generators of matrix product states and exact Floquet quantum scars
Creators: name: Ljubotina, Marko
name: Petrova, Elena
name: Schuch, Norbert
name: Serbyn, Maksym
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advancement of quantum simulators motivates the development of a theoretical framework to assist with efficient state preparation in quantum many-body systems. Generally, preparing a target entangled state via unitary evolution with time-dependent couplings is a challenging task and very little is known about the existence of solutions and their properties. In this work we develop a constructive approach for preparing matrix product states (MPS) via continuous unitary evolution. We provide an explicit construction of the operator which exactly implements the evolution of a given MPS along a specified direction in its tangent space. This operator can be written as a sum of local terms of finite range, yet it is in general non-Hermitian. Relying on the explicit construction of the non-Hermitian generator of the dynamics, we demonstrate the existence of a Hermitian sequence of operators that implements the desired MPS evolution with the error which decreases exponentially with the operator range. The construction is benchmarked on an explicit periodic trajectory in a translationally invariant MPS manifold. We demonstrate that the Floquet unitary generating the dynamics over one period of the trajectory features an approximate MPS-like eigenstate embedded among a sea of thermalizing eigenstates. These results show that our construction is useful not only for state preparation and control of many-body systems, but also provides a generic route towards Floquet scars -- periodically driven models with quasi-local generators of dynamics that have exact MPS eigenstates in their spectrum.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Love actually! Older adults and their romantic internet relationships
Creators: name: Malta, Sue
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This research was inspired by two stereotypes: first, that older adults don’t do computers---and certainly not the Internet and, secondly, that older adults don’t do sex---they are asexual. The results clearly show these stereotypes to be flawed. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted via synchronous computer-mediated-communication (private chat). The sample consisted of older adults (61--85 years) who had all used the Internet to meet potential romantic partners, either through their involvement in online discussion groups or via online dating sites. For the most part, the relationships described were meaningful, intimate and long-lasting. The majority were involved in ongoing sexual activity with their partners, and for some, cyber-sex was or had been an integral part of their relationships. Additionally, a proportion enjoyed flirting online with others and some were also involved in extra-dyadic relationships; indicating that sex and intimacy outside of primary, committed relationships was just as compelling an activity for these older adults as for younger Internet users.
Self-consistent quasi-particle $GW$ and hybrid functional calculations for Al/InAs/Al heterojunctions: band offset and spin-orbit coupling effects
Creators: name: Ness, H.
name: Corsetti, F.
name: Pashov, D.
name: Verstichel, B.
name: Winkler, G. W.
name: van Schilfgaarde, M.
name: Lutchyn, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of surfaces and interfaces plays a key role in the properties of quantum devices. Here, we study the electronic structure of realistic Al/InAs/Al heterojunctions using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) with hybrid functionals and state-of-the-art quasi-particle $GW$ (QS$GW$) calculations. We find a good agreement between QS$GW$ calculations and hybrid functional calculations which themselves compare favourably well with ARPES experiments. Our study confirm the need of well controlled quality of the interfaces to obtain the needed properties of InAs/Al heterojunctions. A detailed analysis of the effects of spin-orbit coupling on the spin-splitting of the electronic states show a linear scaling in $k$-space, related to the two-dimensional nature of some interface states. The good agreement by QS$GW$ and hybrid functional calculations open the door towards trust-able use of an effective approximation to QS$GW$ for studying very large heterojunctions.
description: draft 1, to be submitted
Quantum gravity of the Heisenberg algebra
Creators: name: Almheiri, Ahmed
name: Goel, Akash
name: Hu, Xu-Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simplified model of double scaled SYK (DSSYK) in which the Hamiltonian is the position operator of the Harmonic oscillator. This model captures the high temperature limit of DSSYK but could also be defined as a quantum theory in its own right. We study properties of the emergent geometry including its dynamics in response to inserting matter particles. In particular, we find that the model displays de Sitter-like properties such as that infalling matter reduces the rate of growth of geodesic slices between the two boundaries. The simplicity of the model allows us to compute the full generating functional for correlation functions of the length mode or any number of matter operators. We provide evidence that the effective action of the geodesic length between boundary points is non-local. Furthermore, we use the on-shell solution for the geodesic lengths between any two boundary points to reconstruct an effective bulk metric and reverse engineer the dilaton gravity theory that generates this metric as a solution.
description: 30 pages + appendices; v2: typos corrected, references added
MaterialsMap: A CALPHAD-Based Tool to Design Composition Pathways through feasibility map for Desired Dissimilar Materials, demonstrated with RSW Joining of Ag-Al-Cu
Creators: name: Sun, Hui
name: Pan, Bo
name: Yang, Zhening
name: Krajewski, Adam M.
name: Bocklund, Brandon
name: Shang, Shun-Li
name: Li, Jingjing
name: Beese, Allison M.
name: Liu, Zi-Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assembly of dissimilar metals can be achieved by different methods, for example, casting, welding, and additive manufacturing (AM). However, undesired phases formed in liquid-phase assembling processes due to solute segregation during solidification diminish mechanical and other properties of the processed parts. In the present work, an open-source software named MaterialsMap, has been developed based on the CALculation of Phase Diagrams (CALPHAD) approach. The primary objective of MaterialsMap is to facilitate the design of an optimal composition pathway for assembling dissimilar alloys with liquid-phases based on the formation of desired and undesired phases along the pathway. In MaterialsMap, equilibrium thermodynamic calculations are used to predict equilibrium phases formed at slow cooling rate, while Scheil-Gulliver simulations are employed to predict non-equilibrium phases formed during rapid cooling. By combining these two simulations, MaterialsMap offers a thorough guide for understanding phase formation in various manufacturing processes, assisting users in making informed decisions during material selection and production. As a demonstration of this approach, a compositional pathway was designed from pure Al to pure Cu through Ag using MaterialsMap. The design was experimentally verified using resistance spot welding (RSW).
Survival of Gas in Subhalos and Its Impact on the 21 cm Forest Signals: Insights from Hydrodynamic Simulations
Creators: name: Naruse, Genki
name: Hasegawa, Kenji
name: Kadota, Kenji
name: Tashiro, Hiroyuki
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the survival of gas within subhalos under various astrophysical processes is crucial for elucidating cosmic structure formation and evolution. We study the resilience of gas in subhalos, focusing on the impact of tidal and ram pressure stripping through hydrodynamic simulations. Our results uncover significant gas stripping primarily driven by ram pressure effects, which also profoundly influence the gas distribution within these subhalos. Notably, despite their vulnerability to ram pressure effects, the low-mass subhalos can play a pivotal role in influencing the observable characteristics of cosmic structures due to their large abundance. Specifically, we explore the application of our findings to the 21 cm forest, showing how the survival dynamics of gas in subhalos can modulate the 21 cm optical depth, a key probe for detecting minihalos in the pre-reionization era. (abridged) In this work, we further investigate the contribution of subhalos to the 21 cm optical depth with hydrodynamics simulations, particularly highlighting the trajectories and fates of subhalos within mass ranges of \(10^{4-6} M_{\odot}h^{-1}\) in a host halo of \(10^7 M_{\odot}h^{-1}\). Despite their susceptibility to ram pressure stripping, the contribution of abundant low-mass subhalos to the 21-cm optical depth is more significant than that of their massive counterparts primarily due to their greater abundance. We find that the 21-cm optical depth can be increased by a factor of approximately two due to the abundant low-mass subhalos. (abridged) Our work provides critical insights into the gas dynamics within subhalos in the early Universe, highlighting their resilience against environmental stripping effects, and their impact on observable 21-cm signals.
Generalized positive scalar curvature on spin$^c$ manifolds
Creators: name: Botvinnik, Boris
name: Rosenberg, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C21 (Primary) 53C27, 58J22, 55N22, 19L41 (Secondary)

description: Let $(M,L)$ be a (compact) non-spin spin$^c$ manifold. Fix a Riemannian metric $g$ on $M$ and a connection $A$ on $L$, and let $D_L$ be the associated spin$^c$ Dirac operator. Let $R^{tw}_{(g,A)}:=R_g + 2ic(Ω)$ be the twisted scalar curvature (which takes values in the endomorphisms of the spinor bundle), where $R_g$ is the scalar curvature of $g$ and $2ic(Ω)$ comes from the curvature $2$-form $Ω$ of the connection $A$. Then the Lichnerowicz-Schrödinger formula for the square of the Dirac operator takes the form $D_L^2 =\nabla^*\nabla+\frac{1}{4}R^{tw}_{(g,A)}$. In a previous work we proved that a closed non-spin simply-connected spin$^c$-manifold $(M,L)$ of dimension $n\geq 5$ admits a pair $(g,A)$ such that $R^{tw}_{(g,A)}>0$ if and only if the index $α^c(M,L):=\text{ind}\, D_L$ vanishes in $K_n$. In this paper we introduce a scalar-valued generalized scalar curvature $R^{gen}_{(g,A)}:=R_g - 2|Ω|_{op}$, where $|Ω|_{op}$ is the pointwise operator norm of Clifford multiplication $c(Ω)$, acting on spinors. We show that the positivity condition on the operator $R^{tw}_{(g,A)}$ is equivalent to the positivity of the scalar function $R^{gen}_{g,A}$. We prove a corresponding trichotomy theorem concerning the curvature $R^{gen}_{(g,A)}$, and study its implications. We also show that the space $\mathcal{R}^{gen+}(M,L)$ of pairs $(g,A)$ with $R^{gen}_{(g,A)}>0$ has non-trivial topology, and address a conjecture about non-triviality of the ``index difference'' map.
description: 21 pages, no figures. No major changes from the last version, but a few proofs have been further clarified