cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-singular flat universes in braneworld and Loop Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Sengupta, Rikpratik
name: Paul, B. C.
name: Kalam, M.
name: Paul, P.
name: Aich, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we take matter source with non-linear Equation of state (EoS) that has produced non-singular Emergent cosmology for spatially flat universe in General Relativity and minimally coupled scalar field with two different potentials that produce an inflationary emergent universe for positive spatial curvature in the relativistic context. We study all these three cases both in the context of Randall-Sundrum braneworld and effective Loop quantum cosmology (LQC) for zero spatial curvature that is observationally favoured and in the absence of any effective cosmological constant term. We solve the modified Friedmann equation in each case to obtain the time evolution of the scale factor and use it to check whether the initial singularity can be averted. In almost all the cases we find the initial singularity is absent. We study the nature of the slow roll inflation in the cases where we obtain inflationary emergent universes. The inflationary scenario is found to be improved than in a standard relatvistic context and we compare the improved scenario for both the braneworld and LQC models. Interestingly, we also obtain bouncing and cyclic universes from our analysis in some cases. We find that the initial singularity can be averted for a spatially flat universe with specific choice of matter EoS or scalar field potential, which do not violate the Null Energy condition in most cases, taking into account effective high energy (curvature) corrections with or without extra dimensions.
description: 23 Pages, 12 Figs
High-precision phase diagram of spin glasses from duality analysis with real-space renormalization and graph polynomials
Creators: name: Ohzeki, Masayuki
name: Jacobsen, Jesper Lykke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a duality analysis for obtaining the critical manifold of two-dimensional spin glasses. Our method is based on the computation of quenched free energies with periodic and twisted periodic boundary conditions on a finite basis. The precision can be systematically improved by increasing the size of the basis, leading to very fast convergence towards the thermodynamic limit. We apply the method to obtain the phase diagrams of the random-bond Ising model and $q$-state Potts gauge glasses. In the Ising case, the Nishimori point is found at $p_N = 0.10929 \pm 0.00002$, in agreement with and improving on the precision of existing numerical estimations. Similar precision is found throughout the high-temperature part of the phase diagram. Finite-size effects are larger in the low-temperature region, but our results are in qualitative agreement with the known features of the phase diagram. In particular we show analytically that the critical point in the ground state is located at finite $p_0$.
description: 34 pages, 11 figures, 9 tables
D2.6: Recommendations to increase the overall life expectancy of Argo floats, based on at sea monitoring fleet behaviour monitoring, assessment and report (including a review of metadata that impact life expectancy: specific floats configurations, batteries, etc.)
Creators: name: Arduini Plaisant, Luca
name: Cancouët, Romain
name: Siiria, Simo Matti
name: Belbéoch, Mathieu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This document presents multiple survival rates comparisons between different float models, deployment basins and configuration and technical parameters. From these comparisons are derived some floats performances trends and recommendations for operational teams to increase floats lifetime.
L2LFlows: Generating High-Fidelity 3D Calorimeter Images
Creators: name: Diefenbacher, Sascha
name: Eren, Engin
name: Gaede, Frank
name: Kasieczka, Gregor
name: Krause, Claudius
name: Shekhzadeh, Imahn
name: Shih, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the use of normalizing flows to emulate Monte Carlo detector simulations of photon showers in a high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter prototype for the International Large Detector (ILD). Our proposed method -- which we refer to as "Layer-to-Layer-Flows" (L$2$LFlows) -- is an evolution of the CaloFlow architecture adapted to a higher-dimensional setting (30 layers of $10\times 10$ voxels each). The main innovation of L$2$LFlows consists of introducing $30$ separate normalizing flows, one for each layer of the calorimeter, where each flow is conditioned on the previous five layers in order to learn the layer-to-layer correlations. We compare our results to the BIB-AE, a state-of-the-art generative network trained on the same dataset and find our model has a significantly improved fidelity.
description: v2: 28 pages, 13 figures; matches version accepted for publication in JINST. Neither SISSA Medialab Srl nor IOP Publishing Ltd is responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. Published version available via DOI
CrRhAs: a member of a large family of metallic kagome antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Huang, Y. N.
name: Jeschke, Harald O.
name: Mazin, Igor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kagome lattice materials are an important platform for highly frustrated magnetism as well as for a plethora of phenomena resulting from flat bands, Dirac cones and van Hove singularities in their electronic structures. We study the little known metallic magnet CrRhAs, which belongs to a vast family of materials that include $3d$, $4f$ and $5f$ magnetic elements, as well as numerous nonmagnetic metals and insulators. Using noncollinear spin density functional calculations (mostly spin spirals), we extract a model magnetic Hamiltonian for CrRhAs. While it is dominated by an antiferromagnetic second nearest neighbor coupling in the kagome plane, the metallic nature of the compound leads to numerous nonzero longer range couplings and to important ring exchange terms. We analyze this Hamiltonian and find unusual ground states which are dominated by nearly isolated antiferromagnetic triangles that adopt 120$^\circ$ order either with positive or with negative vector chirality. We discuss the connection to the few known experimental facts about CrRhAs. Finally, we give a brief survey of other interesting magnetic members of this family of kagome compounds.
description: 16 pages
Integrating Health Informatics into Pre-Registration Nursing Education: Insights from a Participatory Workshop
Creators: name: Lokmic-Tomkins, Zerina
name: Raghunathan, Kalpana
name: Almond, Helen
name: Booth, Richard G
name: McBride, Susan G
name: Tietze, Mari F
name: Honey, Michelle
name: Procter, Paula
name: Peddle, Monica
name: McKenna, Lisa
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4601
subject: Applied computing
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems

description: The implementation of health informatics in pre-registration health professional degrees faces persistent challenges, including curriculum overload, educator workforce capability gaps, and financial constraints. Despite these barriers, reports of successful implementation of health informatics pre-registration nursing programs exist. A virtual workshop was held during thein 15th International Nursing Informatics Conference in 2021 with the aim to explore successful implementation strategies for incorporating health informatics into the nursing curriculum to meet the accreditation standards. This paper reports recommendations from the workshop emphasising the importance academic-clinical partnerships to develop innovative approaches to enhance theof capacity of academic teams and access to contemporary point of care digital technologies that reflect applications of health informatics in interdisciplinary clinical settings.
Trackerless freehand ultrasound with sequence modelling and auxiliary transformation over past and future frames
Creators: name: Li, Qi
name: Shen, Ziyi
name: Li, Qian
name: Barratt, Dean C
name: Dowrick, Thomas
name: Clarkson, Matthew J
name: Vercauteren, Tom
name: Hu, Yipeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Three-dimensional (3D) freehand ultrasound (US) reconstruction without a tracker can be advantageous over its two-dimensional or tracked counterparts in many clinical applications. In this paper, we propose to estimate 3D spatial transformation between US frames from both past and future 2D images, using feed-forward and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). With the temporally available frames, a further multi-task learning algorithm is proposed to utilise a large number of auxiliary transformation-predicting tasks between them. Using more than 40,000 US frames acquired from 228 scans on 38 forearms of 19 volunteers in a volunteer study, the hold-out test performance is quantified by frame prediction accuracy, volume reconstruction overlap, accumulated tracking error and final drift, based on ground-truth from an optical tracker. The results show the importance of modelling the temporal-spatially correlated input frames as well as output transformations, with further improvement owing to additional past and/or future frames. The best performing model was associated with predicting transformation between moderately-spaced frames, with an interval of less than ten frames at 20 frames per second (fps). Little benefit was observed by adding frames more than one second away from the predicted transformation, with or without LSTM-based RNNs. Interestingly, with the proposed approach, explicit within-sequence loss that encourages consistency in composing transformations or minimises accumulated error may no longer be required. The implementation code and volunteer data will be made publicly available ensuring reproducibility and further research.
description: Accepted to IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2023
Vibronic Couplings and Temperature Effects in the Ultrafast Dynamics of a Charge-Transfer Complex
Creators: name: Jacobs, Matheus
name: Krumland, Jannis
name: Valencia, Ana M.
name: Cocchi, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers in organic donor-acceptor interfaces are of primary importance to understanding the fundamental properties of these systems. In this work, we focus on a charge-transfer complex formed by quaterthiophene $p$-doped by tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane and investigate electron dynamics and vibronic interactions also at finite temperatures by applying a femtosecond pulse in resonance with the two lowest-energy excitations of the system with perpendicular and parallel polarization with respect to the interface. The adopted \textit{ab initio} formalism based on real-time time-dependent density-functional theory coupled to Ehrenfest dynamics enables monitoring the dynamical charge transfer across the interface and assessing the role played by the nuclear motion. Our results show that the strong intermolecular interactions binding the complex already in the ground state influence the dynamics, too. The analysis of the nuclear motion involved in these processes reveals the participation of different vibrational modes depending on the electronic states stimulated by the resonant pulse. Coupled donor-acceptor modes mostly influence the excited state polarized across the interface, while intramolecular vibrations in the donor molecule dominate the excitation in the orthogonal direction. The results obtained at finite temperatures are overall consistent with this picture, although thermal disorder contributes to slightly decreasing interfacial charge transfer.
Potentials of the Heun class: the triconfluent case
Creators: name: Batic, D.
name: Mills-Howell, D.
name: Nowakowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Since the advent of quantum mechanics different approaches to find analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation have been successfully developed. Here we follow and generalize the approach pioneered by Natanzon and others by which the Schrödinger equations can be transformed into another well-known equation for transcendental function (e.g., the hypergeometric equation). This sets a class of potentials for which this transformation is possible. Our generalization consists in finding potentials allowing the transformation of the Schrödinger equation into a triconfluent Heun equation. We find the energy eigenvalues of this class of potentials, the eigenfunction and the exact superpartners.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Multilinguality as mirroring the primal scene of language acquisition
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: centring
subject: classroom
subject: acquisition
subject: imagination
subject: play
subject: mirroring
subject: multilinguality
subject: Whitehead
subject: Chomsky
subject: multilingualism

description: This version (from the talk) presents the initial model of MB by garnering a theoretical and model mirroring as support for the hypothesis of acquisition mirroring.
The MRALS (Malawi Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey) Report
Creators: name: Salonga, Dinah
name: Munthali, Maggie
name: Lifeyo, Yanjanani
name: Nyirenda, Zephaniah
name: Koima, Josephat
name: Muhanga, Milu
name: Beaver, Margaret
name: Goeb, Joseph
name: Salonga, Dinah
name: Munthali, Maggie
name: Lifeyo, Yanjanani
name: Nyirenda, Zephaniah
name: Koima, Josephat
name: Muhanga, Milu
name: Beaver, Margaret
name: Goeb, Joseph
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Household survey data
subject: Rural livelihoods
subject: Crop diversification
subject: Gender
subject: Malawi

description: MwAPATA collected data for the Malawi Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey (MRALS) in 2019 to capture more-detailed, representative data on rural household agriculture and livelihoods in 8 tobacco growing districts of Malawi. This report introduces the MRALS design, describes the data collection, and presents descriptive statistics from key modules including demographics, land, crop and livestock production and marketing, and non-farm income.
Deterministic single-photon source in the ultrastrong coupling regime
Creators: name: Peng, Jie
name: Tang, Jianing
name: Tang, Pinghua
name: Ren, Zhongzhou
name: Tian, Junlong
name: Barraza, Nancy
name: Barrios, Gabriel Alvarado
name: Lamata, Lucas
name: Solano, Enrique
name: Albarran-Arriagada, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deterministic single-photon sources are important and ubiquitous in quantum information protocols. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of them work in the ultrastrong light-matter coupling regime, and each excitation process can only emit one photon. We propose a deterministic single-photon source in circuit QED which can work in the ultrastrong coupling regime. Here, two qubits are excited simultaneously in one process and two deterministic single photons can be sequentially emitted with an arbitrary time separation. This happens through two consecutive adiabatic transfers along the one-photon solutions of the two-qubit Rabi and Jaynes-Cummings model, which has constant eigenenergy in the whole coupling regime. Unlike the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, the system goes back to the initial state of another period automatically after photon emission. Our scheme can approach unity single-photon efficiency, indistinguishability, and purity simultaneously. With the assistance of the Stark shift, a deterministic single photon can be generated within a time proportional to the inverse of the resonator frequency.
description: 7 +4 pages, 5 figures
Optimal endorsement for network-wide distributed blockchains
Creators: name: Lotfimahyari, Iman
name: Giaccone, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blockchains offer trust and immutability in non-trusted environments, but most are not fast enough for latency-sensitive applications. Hyperledger Fabric (HF) is a common enterprise-level platform that is being offered as Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) by cloud providers. In HF, every new transaction requires a preliminary endorsement by multiple mutually untrusted parties called organizations, which contributes to the delay in storing the transaction in the blockchain. The endorsement policy is specific to each application and defines the required approvals by the endorser peers (EPs) of the involved organizations. In this paper, given an input endorsement policy, we studied the optimal choice to distribute the endorsement requests to the proper EPs. We proposed the OPEN algorithm, devised to minimize the latency due to both network delays and the processing times at the EPs. By extensive simulations, we showed that OPEN can reduce the endorsement latency up to 70% compared to the state-of-the-art solution and approximated well the introduced optimal policies while offering a negligible implementation overhead compared to them.
On recovering the nonlinearity for generalized higher-order Schrödinger equations
Creators: name: Lee, Zachary
name: Yu, Xueying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note, we generalize the nonlinearity-recovery result in [7] for classical cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equations to higher-order Schrödinger equations with a more general nonlinearity. More precisely, we consider a spatially-localized nonlinear higher-order Schrödinger equation and recover the spatially-localized coefficient by the solutions with data given by small-amplitude wave packets.
On spaceability of shifts-like operators on $L^p$
Creators: name: D'Aniello, Emma
name: Maiuriello, Martina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 46B87, 47A16, 37D99 Secondary: 47B37

description: We prove the spaceability of the set of hypercyclic vectors for {\em shifts-like operators}. Shift-like operators appear naturally as composition operators on $L^p(X)$, when the underlying space $X$ is dissipative. In the process of proving the main theorem, we provide, among other results of independent interest, a characterization of weakly mixing dissipative composition operators of bounded distortion.
Multi-center anatomical segmentation with heterogeneous labels via landmark-based models
Creators: name: Gaggion, Nicolás
name: Vakalopoulou, Maria
name: Milone, Diego H.
name: Ferrante, Enzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning anatomical segmentation from heterogeneous labels in multi-center datasets is a common situation encountered in clinical scenarios, where certain anatomical structures are only annotated in images coming from particular medical centers, but not in the full database. Here we first show how state-of-the-art pixel-level segmentation models fail in naively learning this task due to domain memorization issues and conflicting labels. We then propose to adopt HybridGNet, a landmark-based segmentation model which learns the available anatomical structures using graph-based representations. By analyzing the latent space learned by both models, we show that HybridGNet naturally learns more domain-invariant feature representations, and provide empirical evidence in the context of chest X-ray multiclass segmentation. We hope these insights will shed light on the training of deep learning models with heterogeneous labels from public and multi-center datasets.
Light flavor hadron spectra at low $p_{T}$ and search for collective phenomena in high multiplicity pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions measured with the ALICE experiment
Creators: name: Andrei, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comprehensive results on transverse momentum distributions and their ratios for identified light flavor hadrons ($π$, K, p) at low $p_{T}$ and mid-rapidity as a function of charged particle multiplicity are reported for pp collisions at 7 TeV. Particle mass dependent hardening of the spectral shapes in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV were attributed to hydrodynamical flow and quantitatively parameterized with Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast Wave fits. In this contribution, we investigate the existence of collective phenomena in small systems: pp, p-Pb and peripheral Pb-Pb where similar patterns are observed in multiplicity dependent studies.
description: Proceedings of Quark Matter 2014 conference, May 19-24, 2014
Why is EXAFS analysis for multicomponent metals so hard? Challenges and opportunities for measuring ordering in complex concentrated alloys using x-ray absorption spectroscopy
Creators: name: Joress, Howie
name: Ravel, Bruce
name: Anber, Elaf
name: Hollenbach, Jonathan
name: Sur, Debashish
name: Hattrick-Simpers, Jason
name: Taheri, Mitra L.
name: DeCost, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Short range order is a critical driver of properties (e.g. corrosion resistance and tensile strength) in multicomponent alloys such as complex concentrated alloys (CCAs). Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) is a powerful technique well suited for quantifying this short range order.Here, we described in detail the characteristics of CCAs that make the already challenging task of analyzing EXAFS data even more difficult. We then illustrate novel paths towards robust and scalable quantitative SRO analysis which will accelerate the scientific understanding and development of CCAs.
Fourier Band-Power E/B-mode Estimators for Cosmic Shear
Creators: name: Becker, Matthew R.
name: Rozo, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce new Fourier band-power estimators for cosmic shear data analysis and E/B-mode separation. We consider both the case where one performs E/B-mode separation and the case where one does not. The resulting estimators have several nice properties which make them ideal for cosmic shear data analysis. First, they can be written as linear combinations of the binned cosmic shear correlation functions. Second, they account for the survey window function in real-space. Third, they are unbiased by shape noise since they do not use correlation function data at zero separation. Fourth, the band-power window functions in Fourier space are compact and largely non-oscillatory. Fifth, they can be used to construct band-power estimators with very efficient data compression properties. In particular, we find that all of the information on the parameters $Ω_{m}$, $σ_{8}$ and $n_{s}$ in the shear correlation functions in the range of $\sim10-400$ arcminutes for single tomographic bin can be compressed into only three band-power estimates. Finally, we can achieve these rates of data compression while excluding small-scale information where the modeling of the shear correlation functions and power spectra is very difficult. Given these desirable properties, these estimators will be very useful for cosmic shear data analysis.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, to be submitted, comments welcome!
Workshop-Bericht "Journals in der Open-Access-Transformation"
Creators: name: Cordts, Anette
name: Entrup, Elias
name: Eppelin, Anita
name: Hauschke, Christian
name: Nüst, Daniel
name: Schulz, Katharina
name: Taubert, Niels
name: Wrzesinski, Marcel
Publisher: name: Informationspraxis
Year: 2022

description: In einem virtuellen Workshop diskutierten die fünf vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Projekte B!SON, CODRIA, KOALA, OPTIMETA und Scholar-led Plus ihre Zwischenergebnisse mit der Fachöffentlichkeit.
description: Informationspraxis, Bd. 8 Nr. 1 (2022)
Waren Öffentliche Bibliotheken im DACH-Raum 2020 in einer Krise? Ein Blick auf die Bibliotheksstatistiken
Creators: name: Schuldt, Karsten
Publisher: name: Informationspraxis
Year: 2022

description: Ein britischer Text, welcher die Nutzung der Public Libraries im Fiscal Year 2020/21 untersuchte, stellte fest, dass die COVID-19 Pandemie zu einem krisenhaften Einbruch der Nutzungszahlen führte. Um zu überprüfen, ob dies auch für die Bibliotheken in der Schweiz, Österreich und Deutschland gilt, werden die betreffenden Bibliotheksstatistiken, soweit möglich, mit den gleichen deskriptiven statistischen Analysen untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass die COVID-19 Pandemie für die Bibliotheken dieser beiden Länder auch herausfordernd war, sie aber weit besser abschnitten. Die Rückgänge halten sich, ausser bei den physischen Besuchen, in Grenzen, teilweise kam es sogar zu Zuwächsen.
description: Informationspraxis, Bd. 8 Nr. 1 (2022)
Reexamining doped two-legged Hubbard ladders
Creators: name: Shen, Yang
name: Zhang, Guang-Ming
name: Qin, Mingpu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the ground state of the Hubbard model on 2-legged ladders in this work. We perform DMRG calculation on large system sizes with large kept states and perform extrapolation of DMRG results with truncation errors in the converged region. We find the superconducting correlation exponent $K_{sc}$ extracted from the pair-pair correlation is very sensitive to the position of the reference bond, reflecting a huge boundary effect on it. By systematically removing the effects from boundary conditions, finite sizes, and truncation errors in DMRG, we obtain the most accurate value of $K_{sc}$ and $K_ρ$ so far with DMRG. With these exponents, we confirm that the 2-legged Hubbard model is in the Luther-Emery liquid phase with $K_{sc} \cdot K_ρ= 1$ from tiny doping near half-filling to $1/8$ hole doping. When the doping is increased to $δ\gtrapprox 1/6$, the behaviors of charge, pairing, and spin correlations don't change qualitatively, but the relationship $K_{sc} \cdot K_ρ= 1$ is likely to be violated. With the further increase of the doping to $δ= 1/3$, the quasi long-ranged charge correlation turns to a true long-ranged charge order and the spin gap is closed, while the pair-pair correlation still decays algebraically. Our work provides a standard way to analyze the correlation functions when studying systems with open boundary conditions.
description: 11 pages,11 figures,4 tables
A new method of peak detection for analysis of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry data
Creators: name: Kim, Seongho
name: Ouyang, Ming
name: Jeong, Jaesik
name: Shen, Changyu
name: Zhang, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a novel peak detection algorithm for the analysis of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC$\times$GC-TOF MS) data using normal-exponential-Bernoulli (NEB) and mixture probability models. The algorithm first performs baseline correction and denoising simultaneously using the NEB model, which also defines peak regions. Peaks are then picked using a mixture of probability distribution to deal with the co-eluting peaks. Peak merging is further carried out based on the mass spectral similarities among the peaks within the same peak group. The algorithm is evaluated using experimental data to study the effect of different cutoffs of the conditional Bayes factors and the effect of different mixture models including Poisson, truncated Gaussian, Gaussian, Gamma and exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) distributions, and the optimal version is introduced using a trial-and-error approach. We then compare the new algorithm with two existing algorithms in terms of compound identification. Data analysis shows that the developed algorithm can detect the peaks with lower false discovery rates than the existing algorithms, and a less complicated peak picking model is a promising alternative to the more complicated and widely used EMG mixture models.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOAS731 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
SpaText: Spatio-Textual Representation for Controllable Image Generation
Creators: name: Avrahami, Omri
name: Hayes, Thomas
name: Gafni, Oran
name: Gupta, Sonal
name: Taigman, Yaniv
name: Parikh, Devi
name: Lischinski, Dani
name: Fried, Ohad
name: Yin, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent text-to-image diffusion models are able to generate convincing results of unprecedented quality. However, it is nearly impossible to control the shapes of different regions/objects or their layout in a fine-grained fashion. Previous attempts to provide such controls were hindered by their reliance on a fixed set of labels. To this end, we present SpaText - a new method for text-to-image generation using open-vocabulary scene control. In addition to a global text prompt that describes the entire scene, the user provides a segmentation map where each region of interest is annotated by a free-form natural language description. Due to lack of large-scale datasets that have a detailed textual description for each region in the image, we choose to leverage the current large-scale text-to-image datasets and base our approach on a novel CLIP-based spatio-textual representation, and show its effectiveness on two state-of-the-art diffusion models: pixel-based and latent-based. In addition, we show how to extend the classifier-free guidance method in diffusion models to the multi-conditional case and present an alternative accelerated inference algorithm. Finally, we offer several automatic evaluation metrics and use them, in addition to FID scores and a user study, to evaluate our method and show that it achieves state-of-the-art results on image generation with free-form textual scene control.
description: CVPR 2023. Project page available at: https://omriavrahami.com/spatext
Constraining Single-Field Inflation with MegaMapper
Creators: name: Cabass, Giovanni
name: Ivanov, Mikhail M.
name: Philcox, Oliver H. E.
name: Simonovic, Marko
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We forecast the constraints on single-field inflation from the bispectrum of future high-redshift surveys such as MegaMapper. Considering non-local primordial non-Gaussianity (NLPNG), we find that current methods will yield constraints of order $σ(f_{\rm NL}^{\rm eq})\approx 23$, $σ(f_{\rm NL}^{\rm orth})\approx 12$ in a joint power-spectrum and bispectrum analysis, varying both nuisance parameters and cosmology, including a conservative range of scales. Fixing cosmological parameters and quadratic bias parameter relations, the limits tighten significantly to $σ(f_{\rm NL}^{\rm eq})\approx 17$, $σ(f_{\rm NL}^{\rm orth})\approx 8$. These compare favorably with the forecasted bounds from CMB-S4: $σ(f_{\rm NL}^{\rm eq})\approx 21$, $σ(f_{\rm NL}^{\rm orth})\approx 9$, with a combined constraint of $σ(f_{\rm NL}^{\rm eq})\approx 14$, $σ(f_{\rm NL}^{\rm orth})\approx 7$; this weakens only slightly if one instead combines with data from the Simons Observatory. We additionally perform a range of Fisher analyses for the error, forecasting the dependence on nuisance parameter marginalization, scale cuts, and survey strategy. Lack of knowledge of bias and counterterm parameters is found to significantly limit the information content; this could be ameliorated by tight simulation-based priors on the nuisance parameters. The error-bars decrease significantly as the number of observed galaxies and survey depth is increased: as expected, deep dense surveys are the most constraining, though it will be difficult to reach $σ(f_{\rm NL})\approx 1$ with current methods. The NLPNG constraints will tighten further with improved theoretical models (incorporating higher-loop corrections and improved understanding of nuisance parameters), as well as the inclusion of additional higher-order statistics.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Phys. Lett. B
A Communication-efficient Local Differentially Private Algorithm in Federated Optimization
Creators: name: Alam, Syed Eqbal
name: Shukla, Dhirendra
name: Rao, Shrisha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2.11

description: Federated optimization, wherein several agents in a network collaborate with a central server to achieve optimal social cost over the network with no requirement for exchanging information among agents, has attracted significant interest from the research community. In this context, agents demand resources based on their local computation. Due to the exchange of optimization parameters such as states, constraints, or objective functions with a central server, an adversary may infer sensitive information of agents. We develop a differentially-private additive-increase and multiplicative-decrease algorithm to allocate multiple divisible shared heterogeneous resources to agents in a network. The developed algorithm provides a differential privacy guarantee to each agent in the network. The algorithm does not require inter-agent communication, and the agents do not need to share their cost function or their derivatives with other agents or a central server; however, they share their allocation states with a central server that keeps track of the aggregate consumption of resources. The algorithm incurs very little communication overhead; for m heterogeneous resources in the system, the asymptotic upper bound on the communication complexity is O(m) bits at a time step. Furthermore, if the algorithm converges in K time steps, then the upper bound communication complexity will be O(mK) bits. The algorithm can find applications in several areas, including smart cities, smart energy systems, resource management in the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks with privacy guarantees, etc. We present experimental results to check the efficacy of the algorithm. Furthermore, we present empirical analyses for the trade-off between privacy and algorithm efficiency.
BV-regularity of the Boltzmann equation in Non-Convex Domains
Creators: name: Guo, Yan
name: Kim, Chanwoo
name: Tonon, Daniela
name: Trescases, Ariane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider the Boltzmann equation in a general non-convex domain with the diffuse boundary condition. We establish optimal BV estimates for such solutions. Our method consists of a new $W^{1,1}-$trace estimate for the diffuse boundary condition and a delicate construction of and an $\varepsilon-$tubular neighborhood of the singular set.
description: 45 pages, submitted
Dinamika Aktif dan Partisipasi Permata GBKP
Creators: name: S.M, Probo Pribadi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 480404
subject: Law and religion

description: Dalam konteks gereja, pemuda memainkan peran penting sebagai generasi penerus. Gereja Batak Karo Protestan (GBKP) memiliki organisasi pemuda bernama Permata GBKP. Permata GBKP dibentuk bertujuan untuk melayani dan memberdayakan pemuda gereja melalui kegiatan sosial, keagamaan, dan pendidikan. Meskipun keaktifan dan partisipasi pemuda sering menghadapi tantangan, seperti perubahan gaya hidup dan tekanan kehidupan sehari-hari, Permata GBKP memiliki peran penting dalam memastikan semangat pelayanan dan keterlibatan pemuda tetap hidup. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai dinamika aktif dan parrtisipasi pemuda Permata GBKP dianalisis menggunakan teori hierarki Kebutuhan, teori harapan (Expectancy Theory) dan teori perubahan sosial (Social Change Theory). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, kolaborasi dan dukungan dari semua pihak sangat penting untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung dan memotivasi Permata GBKP untuk berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam kegiatan gereja. Dengan upaya bersama, Permata GBKP dapat memastikan bahwa pemuda merasa dihargai, terlibat, dan memiliki kesempatan untuk berkontribusi dalam komunitas gereja.
Elliptic genus of phases of N=2 theories
Creators: name: Libgober, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss an algebro-geometric description of Witten's phases of N=2 theories and propose a definition of their elliptic genus provided some conditions on singularities of the phases are met. For Landau-Ginzburg phase one recovers elliptic genus of LG models proposed in physics literature in early 90s. For certain transitions between phases we derive invariance of elliptic genus from an equivariant form of McKay correspondence for elliptic genus. As special cases one obtains Landau-Giznburg/Calabi-Yau correspondence for elliptic genus of weighted homogeneous potentials as well as certain hybrid/CY correspondences.
description: 19p. Comments are welcome
3D fictitious wave domain CSEM inversion by adjoint source estimation
Creators: name: Yang, Pengliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method has proved its potential in detecting highly resistive hydrocarbon bearing formations. A novel frequency domain CSEM inversion approach using fictitious wave domain time stepping modelling is presented. Using Lagrangian-based adjoint state method, the inversion gradient with respect to resistivity can be computed by the product between the forward and adjoint fields. Simulation of the adjoint field using the same modelling engine is challenging as it requires time domain adjoint source time functions while only a few discrete frequencies of the data residual are available for the inversion. A regularized linear inverse problem is formulated in order to estimate a long time series from very few frequency samples. It can then be solved using linear optimization technique, yielding a matrix-free implementation. Instead of computing adjoint source time function one by one at each receiver location, a basis function implementation has been developed such that the inverse problem can be solved only once and reused every time to construct all time-domain adjoint sources. The method allows computing all frequencies of the EM fields in one go without heavy memory and computational overhead, making efficient 3D CSEM inversion feasible. Numerical examples are employed to demonstrate the application of our method.
Computational role of sleep in memory reorganization
Creators: name: Yoshida, Kensuke
name: Toyoizumi, Taro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sleep is considered to play an essential role in memory reorganization. Despite its importance, classical theoretical models did not focus on some sleep characteristics. Here, we review recent theoretical approaches investigating their roles in learning and discuss the possibility that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep selectively consolidates memory, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep reorganizes the representations of memories. We first review the possibility that slow waves during NREM sleep contribute to memory selection by using sequential firing patterns and the existence of up and down states. Second, we discuss the role of dreaming during REM sleep in developing neuronal representations. We finally discuss how to develop these points further, emphasizing the connections to experimental neuroscience and machine learning.
description: Accepted for publication in Current Opinion in Neurobiology
Effects of dark energy on P-V criticality of charged AdS black holes
Creators: name: Li, Gu-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we investigate the effects of dark energy on $P-V$ criticality of charged AdS black holes by considering the case of the RN-AdS black holes surrounded by quintessence. By treating the cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure, we study its thermodynamics in the extended phase space. It is shown that quintessence dark energy does not affect the existence of small/large black hole phase transition. For the case $ω_q=-2/3$ we derive analytic expressions of critical physical quantities, while for cases $ω_q\neq-2/3$ we appeal to numerical method for help. It is shown that quintessence dark energy affects the critical physical quantities near the critical point. Critical exponents are also calculated. They are exactly the same as those obtained before for arbitrary other AdS black holes, which implies that quintessence dark energy does not change the critical exponents.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
PAC Verification of Statistical Algorithms
Creators: name: Mutreja, Saachi
name: Shafer, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Goldwasser et al. (2021) recently proposed the setting of PAC verification, where a hypothesis (machine learning model) that purportedly satisfies the agnostic PAC learning objective is verified using an interactive proof. In this paper we develop this notion further in a number of ways. First, we prove a lower bound of $Ω\left(\sqrt{d}/\varepsilon^2\right)$ i.i.d.\ samples for PAC verification of hypothesis classes of VC dimension $d$. Second, we present a protocol for PAC verification of unions of intervals over $\mathbb{R}$ that improves upon their proposed protocol for that task, and matches our lower bound's dependence on $d$. Third, we introduce a natural generalization of their definition to verification of general statistical algorithms, which is applicable to a wider variety of settings beyond agnostic PAC learning. Showcasing our proposed definition, our final result is a protocol for the verification of statistical query algorithms that satisfy a combinatorial constraint on their queries.
Light scattering by hexagonal columns in the discrete dipole approximation
Creators: name: Flatau, P. J.
name: Draine, B. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering by infinite hexagonal ice prisms is calculated using Maxwell's equations in the discrete dipole approximation for size parameters up to x=400. Birefringence is included in the calculations. Applicability of the geometric optics approximation is investigated. Excellent agreement between wave optics and geometric optics is observed for large size parameter in the outer part of the 22 degree halo feature. For smaller ice crystals halo broadening is predicted, and there is appreciable "spillover" of the halo into shadow scattering angles <22 degrees. Ways to retrieve ice crystal sizes are suggested based on the full width at half-maximum of the halo, the power at <22 deg, and the halo polarization.
Dinamika Aktif dan Partisipasi Permata GBKP
Creators: name: S.M, Probo Pribadi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 480404
subject: Law and religion

description: Dalam kehidupan gereja, pemuda memegang peran yang sangat penting sebagai generasi penerus yang akan melanjutkan pelayanan di masa depan. GBKP (Gereja Batak Karo Protestan), para pemuda terlibat melalui organisasi Permata, yang menjadi tempat bagi mereka untuk tumbuh dalam iman dan kebersamaan. Namun, dalam perjalanan mereka, keaktifan dan partisipasi pemuda sering kali menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Di sinilah peran Permata GBKP menjadi sangat penting, untuk memastikan semangat pelayanan dan keterlibatan pemuda terus hidup dan berkembang di tengah berbagai dinamika yang ada. Secara keseluruhan, peran pengurus Permata dalam menjaga keaktifan dan partisipasi pemuda di GBKP adalah sebuah proses yang tidak sederhana
Learning Markov Random Fields for Combinatorial Structures via Sampling through Lovász Local Lemma
Creators: name: Jiang, Nan
name: Gu, Yi
name: Xue, Yexiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning to generate complex combinatorial structures satisfying constraints will have transformative impacts in many application domains. However, it is beyond the capabilities of existing approaches due to the highly intractable nature of the embedded probabilistic inference. Prior works spend most of the training time learning to separate valid from invalid structures but do not learn the inductive biases of valid structures. We develop NEural Lovász Sampler (Nelson), which embeds the sampler through Lovász Local Lemma (LLL) as a fully differentiable neural network layer. Our Nelson-CD embeds this sampler into the contrastive divergence learning process of Markov random fields. Nelson allows us to obtain valid samples from the current model distribution. Contrastive divergence is then applied to separate these samples from those in the training set. Nelson is implemented as a fully differentiable neural net, taking advantage of the parallelism of GPUs. Experimental results on several real-world domains reveal that Nelson learns to generate 100\% valid structures, while baselines either time out or cannot ensure validity. Nelson also outperforms other approaches in running time, log-likelihood, and MAP scores.
description: accepted by AAAI 2023. The first two authors contribute equally