cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A model of macro-evolution as a branching process based on innovations
Creators: name: Keller-Schmidt, Stephanie
name: Klemm, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We introduce a model for the evolution of species triggered by generation of novel features and exhaustive combination with other available traits. Under the assumption that innovations are rare, we obtain a bursty branching process of speciations. Analysis of the trees representing the branching history reveals structures qualitatively different from those of random processes. For a tree with n leaves, the average distance of leaves from root scales as (log n)^2 to be compared to log n for random branching. The mean values and standard deviations for the tree shape indices depth (Sackin index) and imbalance (Colless index) of the model are compatible with those of real phylogenetic trees from databases. Earlier models, such as the Aldous' branching (AB) model, show a larger deviation from data with respect to the shape indices.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, v2: minor corrections and additions
Literature Review on Aquaponics as Commercial Food Production and suggestions for improvements to the Matthaei Aquaponics system
Creators: name: Merchant, Christopher
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: aquaponics
sustainable agriculture
commercialization

description: This paper is a review of the body of literature related to the implementation of commercial aquaponics. This review was conducted after issues with an experimental aquaponics system developed into an interest in the relationship between the issues identified with the aquaponics system in the experiment and the issues identified with commercial aquaponics in the literature in the literature. Previous research on the development and commercialization of aquaponics does exists and overs a diversity of topics. This research is gaining in its importance as the FAO has identified a need to improve the sustainability of the methods used to produce fish products. Commercial aquaponics if developed properly could fill this need in the food system. In this analysis the review was conducted using Citation Network Explorer and Visualization of Similarities Viewer which allowed the researchers to narrow in on the literature within the aquaponics field specifically focused on commercial aquaponics systems. It was found that there is broad coverage of the issues related to commercial aquaponics; however, the technology remains complex and expensive, there is little cross pollination of research within the field focused on commercialization, and there is a lack of understanding of both consumer and producer priorities which limits the applicability of the system designs in the food system. Developing solutions aimed at reducing the complexity and costs of commercial systems, integrating research from all of the identified areas of interest, and identifying consumer and producer priorities could be used to develop more appropriate system designs, increase ethe adoption of commercial aquaponics, and increase the resilience of the production systems.
Cosmic Microwave Background Bispectrum from the Lensing--Rees-Sciama Correlation Reexamined: Effects of Non-linear Matter Clustering
Creators: name: Junk, Veronika
name: Komatsu, Eiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bispectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) generated by a correlation between a time-dependent gravitational potential and the weak gravitational lensing effect provides a direct measurement of the influence of dark energy on CMB. This bispectrum is also known to yield the most important contamination of the so-called "local-form" primordial bispectrum, which can be used to rule out all single-field inflation models. In this paper, we reexamine the effect of non-linear matter clustering on this bispectrum. We compare three different approaches: the 3rd-order perturbation theory (3PT), and two empirical fitting formulae available in the literature, finding that detailed modeling of non-linearity appears to be not very important, as most of the signal-to-noise comes from the squeezed triangle, for which the correlation in the linear regime dominates. The expected signal-to-noise ratio for an experiment dominated by the cosmic variance up to $l_{\rm max}=1500$ is about 5, which is much smaller than the previous estimates including non-linearity, but agrees with the estimates based on the linear calculation. We find that the difference between the linear and non-linear predictions is undetectable, and does not alter the contamination of the local-form primordial non-Gaussianity.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures; Submitted to PRD. The unlensed Cl in the lensing-ISW bispectrum has been replaced by the lensed Cl following arXiv:1101.2234
A Framework for Implementing Resilience Hubs in Ypsilanti, MI
Creators: name: Faber, Grant
name: Kirwan, Desmond
name: McCarty, Trevor
name: Porter, Paige
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: resilience hub
resilience network
block leader
community resilience

description: The imminent combination of increasing natural disasters due to climate change, degenerating national support systems, and declining natural resources suggests an ever-increasing need to focus on local resilience and adaptation rather than mitigation alone. Envisioning such a future, our team proposes resilience hubs as a solution to these issues. First termed by the Urban Sustainability Director’s Network, these centers provide physical, social, and emotional resources to neighborhoods before, during, and after natural hazard events. This research aims to produce materials to help residents identify how their communities can become more resilient and independent, as well as adapt to a new climate normal. This project focuses on the City of Ypsilanti, located in Washtenaw County and Southeast Michigan, just west of Detroit. The City has an enduring history within the automotive industry and the educational field, and it is well known for its arts and culture. The total population has increased since 2010, although it has plateaued in recent years.
Investigate technical, policy and business approaches to addressing stewardship and circularity for end-of-life for PV system
Creators: name: Yadav, Aniket
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: PV market
management policies

description: There has been exponential growth in the PV market around the world in the last decade. Although this growth is needed to reduce carbon emissions of energy production, this growth has resulted in a growth in PV waste as well. With the estimated global PV capacity of 4500 GW by 2050, PV waste would also accumulate to 78 million tons by 2050 for early loss and 60 million tons for regular loss scenarios. By 2020, Crystalline Silicon (c-Si) panels, which are first generation PV panels, accounted for 73% of total PV market share. This research studies global PV end-of-life (EOL) management policies, available technologies and business models for c-Si panels with the aim of proposing a policy, technology and business solution for the state of Michigan. Literature review was the main research approach used. Most of the countries in the world and many major PV installers do not have PV EOL management policies. With the revision of the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment directive in 2012, the EU became the first entity in the world to have a PV EOL management policy. This directive is based on the extended-producer responsibility (EPR). Based on the different PV EOL management policies, guidelines and waste amount, the UK, Italy, Germany, Japan, China, Taiwan, and the United States are the countries focused on in this policy review. On the technology side, Full Recovery End of Life Photovoltaic (FRELP), a process developed at Arizona State University (ASU), and Photovoltaic Panel Mobile Recycling Device (PVMoReDe) are analyzed due to their recycling rate, economic value of recycling materials and PV waste availability in Michigan. For the business side, centralized and decentralized models are considered.
W/Z properties and V+jets at the Tevatron
Creators: name: Price, Darren D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a summary of recent measurements of $W$ and $Z$ properties and $W/Z$ production in association with jets in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV with the CDF and DØ detectors. Latest measurements of $Z/γ^*$ transverse momentum and are presented along with new measurements of the angular distributions of final state electrons from Drell Yan events as a way to probe $Z$ boson production mechanisms. The mass dependence of the forward-backward asymmetry in $p\bar{p} \rightarrow Z/γ^{*} \rightarrow e^+e^-$ interactions is measured, the effective weak mixing angle extracted, and the most precise direct measurement of the vector and axial-vector couplings of $u$ and $d$ quarks to the $Z$ boson presented. New measurements of jets produced in association with $Z$ and $W$ bosons for inclusive, beauty and charm jets are also discussed.
description: Presented at the 2011 Hadron Collider Physics symposium (HCP-2011), Paris, France, November 14-18 2011, 4 pages, 13 figures
Konrad Meisterhans
Creators: name: Schulthess, Otto
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1896
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Meisterhans, Konrad
subject: Andelfingen
subject: Solothurn

description: Separatabdruck aus dem Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, 1896
Mechanistic studies of retaining α-glycosidases
Creators: name: Zhang, Ran
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The majority of retaining α-glycosidases are believed to adopt the classical double displacement mechanism to catalyze their reactions, which features a catalytic nucleophilic residue, a general acid/base residue, two oxocarbenium-ion like transition states and one covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. In my thesis, the catalytic mechanisms of three retaining alpha-glycosidases were investigated in detail as follows. HPA is an enzyme which is responsible for hydrolyzing starch into shorter oligosaccharides. Several 2-deoxy-2,2-dihalo maltosyl chlorides were synthesized and tested as potential mechanism-based inhibitors of HPA, in the hope of trapping its covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate for crystallographic studies. Unfortunately, none of newly-synthesized compounds could cause time-dependent inactivation of HPA. By employing our newly developed in situ elongation strategy, 5-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride and 5-fluoro-β-L-idopyranosyl fluoride showed kinetic behavior consistent with the proposed in situ elongation-inactivation process, allowing the trapping and further kinetic and structural analysis of the covalent intermediate of HPA. These structures provide interesting mechanistic insights into the catalytic mechanism of HPA. TreS is an enzyme which catalyzes the reversible interconversion of maltose and trehalose. 5-Fluoro glycosyl fluorides were shown to be mechanism-based inhibitors of this enzyme by accumulating the covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The trapped intermediate was subjected to protease digestion followed by MS analysis of the resultant peptides to identify the catalytic nucleophile residue as D230. The inability of TreS to carry out transglycosylation reactions onto exogenously added acceptors establishes the intramolecular nature of the rearrangement reaction, consistent with previous studies on other TreS enzymes. All studies support a double displacement mechanism involving an intramolecular “glucose flipping” step as the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. SpGH101 is an enzyme which specifically removes an O-linked disaccharide Gal-β-1,3-GalNAc-α from glycoproteins. Using the recently solved 3-dimensional structure of this protein as a guide, we carried out a detailed mechanistic investigation of this retaining α-glycosidase using a combination of synthetic and natural substrates. Based on a model of the substrate complex of SpGH101, we proposed D764 and E796 as the nucleophile and general acid/base residues, respectively. These roles were confirmed by kinetic and mechanistic analysis of mutants at those positions using synthetic substrates and anion rescue experiments.
Tradeoffs and synergies among ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, and food security in 2 coffee agroforestry
Creators: name: Mayorga, Isabella
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: agroforestry
shade coffee
ecosystems services
biodiversity conservation

description: Concerns over the capacity of the world’s existing agricultural land to provide food for the global population under climate change and continued biodiversity loss have set the stage for a prevailing narrative of inherent tradeoffs with agricultural production. However, a strict focus on increasing production can undermine attempts to build more sustainable and equitable food systems. Coffee, a major export crop of tropical countries, offers a unique opportunity to examine how management practices can drive a variety of outcomes for food security, ecosystem services, and biodiversity conservation. Our study examined this intersection to identify tradeoffs and synergies using compiled data from Puerto Rico. At the island level, we analyzed data on coffee yield and area sown under shade or sun management. At the farm level, we analyzed management variables (percent shade cover, maximum canopy height, ground cover, and crop richness), non-provisioning ecosystem service variables (total farm carbon storage, soil organic carbon storage, coffee plant carbon biomass, and hurricane resistance and resilience), and biodiversity variables (ant, bird, and lizard richness and abundance). At the island level, we found that area sown was the most significant predictor of yield, suggesting no obvious tradeoff between yield and shade in coffee farms. At the farm level, canopy cover was negatively correlated with ground cover and positively correlated with crop richness, suggesting a synergy between agroforestry and food security. We detected mostly synergies resulting from agroforestry management and no tradeoffs among ecosystem services and biodiversity. Shade canopy cover significantly increased total carbon storage, coffee plant biomass, hurricane resistance and bird species richness. Shade canopy height had a similar positive effect on total farm carbon storage while crop richness had a positive effect on farm resilience following Hurricane Maria. Ground cover was positively associated with soil carbon storage and pest-controlling lizard abundance. Tradeoffs related to agroforestry management included an inverse relationship between ground cover and hurricane resistance, and greater dominance of an invasive ant species in farms with higher shade canopies. We discuss implications of practicing agroforestry principles in this smallholder coffee system and highlight opportunities for maximizing biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and food security.
Low CO Luminosities in Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Schruba, Andreas
name: Leroy, Adam K.
name: Walter, Fabian
name: Bigiel, Frank
name: Brinks, Elias
name: de Blok, W. J. G.
name: Kramer, Carsten
name: Rosolowsky, Erik
name: Sandstrom, Karin
name: Schuster, Karl
name: Usero, Antonio
name: Weiss, Axel
name: Wiesemeyer, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We present maps of CO 2-1 emission covering the entire star-forming disks of 16 nearby dwarf galaxies observed by the IRAM HERACLES survey. The data have 13 arcsec angular resolution, ~250 pc at our average distance of 4 Mpc, and sample the galaxies by 10-1000 resolution elements. We apply stacking techniques to perform the first sensitive search for CO emission in dwarfs outside the Local Group ranging from single lines-of-sight, stacked over IR-bright regions of embedded star formation, and stacked over the entire galaxy. We detect 5 dwarfs in CO with total luminosities of L_CO = 3-28 1e6 Kkmspc2. The other 11 dwarfs remain undetected in CO even in the stacked data and have L_CO < 0.4-8 1e6 Kkmspc2. We combine our sample of dwarfs with a large literature sample of spirals to study scaling relations of L_CO with M_B and metallicity. We find that dwarfs with metallicities of Z ~ 1/2-1/10 Z_sun have L_CO about 1e2-1e4x smaller than spirals and that their L_CO per unit L_B is 10-100x smaller. A comparison with tracers of star formation (FUV and 24 micron) shows that L_CO per unit SFR is 10-100x smaller in dwarfs. One possible interpretation is that dwarfs form stars much more efficiently, however we argue that the low L_CO/SFR ratio is due to significant changes of the CO-to-H2 conversion factor, alpha_CO, in low metallicity environments. Assuming a constant H2 depletion time of 1.8 Gyr (as found for nearby spirals) implies alpha_CO values for dwarfs with Z ~ 1/2-1/10 Z_sun that are more than 10x higher than those found in solar metallicity spirals. This significant increase of alpha_CO at low metallicity is consistent with previous studies, in particular those which model dust emission to constrain H2 masses. Even though it is difficult to parameterize the metallicity dependence of alpha_CO, our results suggest that CO is increasingly difficult to detect at lower metallicities.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal, 19 pages, 7 figures
Magnetic Field Effect on Crossover Temperature from Non-Fermi Liquid to Fermi Liquid Behavior in f^2-Impurity Systems with Crystalline-Electric-Field Singlet State Competing with Kondo-Yosida Singlet State
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Shinya
name: Miyake, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the magnetic field dependence of the physical properties of f^2-configuration systems with a crystalline-electric field (CEF) singlet ground state, which gives rise to a non- Fermi liquid (NFL) fixed point due to the competition between the Kondo-Yosida singlet and CEF singlet states. On the basis of the numerical renormalization group method, we find that the magnetic field breaks this NFL fixed point via two mechanisms: one causing the polarization of f-electrons and the other giving the "channel" anisotropy. These two mechanisms induce a difference in the magnetic field dependence of the characteristic temperature T_F^{*}(H), the crossover temperature from NFL to Fermi-liquid behavior. While the polarization of f-electrons gives T_F^{*}(H) \propto H^x (x\sim2.0), the "channel" anisotropy gives the H-independent T_F^{*}(H). These two mechanisms cross over continuously at approximately the crossover magnetic field H_c, where an anomalous H-dependence of T_F^{*}(H) appears. Such T_F^{*}(H) well reproduces the NFL behaviors observed in Th_{1-x}U_xRu_2Si_2. We also find that the H-dependence of the resistivity and the magnetic susceptibility are in good agreement with the experimental results of this material. These results suggest that the NFL behaviors observed in Th_{1-x}U_xRu_2Si_2 can be understood if this material is located in the CEF singlet side near the critical phase boundary between the two singlet states.
description: 8 pages, 8figures
Debating climate risk management on Twitter: does the way politicians tweet change how much people learn about climate policy?
Creators: name: Sen, Sanghamitra
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: climate policy
risk management
decision making

description: The IPCC report from October 2018 states that a 1.5°C warming is almost certain within 20 years without major cuts in GHG emissions. There are many consequences of climate change, for example, sea level rise, extreme weather events, global temperature rise etc. To address climate change, we need policies intervention
Singular Schrodinger operators in one dimension
Creators: name: Davies, E. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34L05, 34L20, 34L25, 34B27, 47Exx

description: We consider a class of singular Schrödinger operators $H$ that act in $L^2(0,\infty)$, each of which is constructed from a positive function $ϕ$ on $(0,\infty)$. Our analysis is direct and elementary. In particular it does not mention the potential directly or make any assumptions about the magnitudes of the first derivatives or the existence of second derivatives of $ϕ$. For a large class of $H$ that have discrete spectrum, we prove that the eigenvalue asymptotics of $H$ does not depend on rapid oscillations of $ϕ$ or of the potential. Similar comments apply to our treatment of the existence and completeness of the wave operators.
description: 23 pages
The Role of Social Capital in Improved Cookstove Adoption in Lusaka, Zambia
Creators: name: Lloyd, Shannon
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: cookstoves
energy
development
social capital

description: This study explores the role of social capital in adoption of improved cookstoves in Lusaka, Zambia. Improved cookstoves provide positive health benefits particularly for women and children under five, as well as other benefits including requiring less fuel, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from cooking, and improving overall well-being. Despite being relatively well off in the African context, Zambia has low rates of improved or clean cookstove adoption. We use data from a multi-year impact evaluation study undertaken by the Energy Poverty PIRE in Southern Africa (EPPSA) research team and collaborators. We use data collected during baseline and rapid surveys to understand the role of social capital in adoption of improved cookstoves and fuels marketed by two private sector firms, VITALITE and SupaMoto, who are marketing products to households in high density, low-income neighborhoods in Lusaka. Our study includes a sample of 350 households in two neighborhoods where stoves have already been adopted, and 467 households in two neighborhoods where marketing took place after our baseline data collection. In the latter group, 45% of households adopted stoves after the initial wave of marketing providing us with a total sample of 503 adopters and 343 non-adopters. Based on the results from this study, we found that no singular way we operationalized social capital had an impact on a population level. The two that had the largest impact were if a household agreed to at least one Trust question (if they have faith in most people or can rely on someone do complete a task for them) then likelihood of adoption increases and if a household agree to at least one Community question (if they participate in community decision making or feel part of the community) then likelihood of adoption decreases. This is pertinent specifically for the prospective user population. Other key variables include owning your home and having a female headed household, both of which increase likelihood of adoption. These results have important implications for the two cookstove firms because VITALITE and SupaMoto could use what was found in these results to adapt to the strong parts of their marketing base. This could be spaces that are primarily women occupied, for example, women’s savings and credit groups.
Management Legacy Affects on Cover Crop Productivity and the Potential to Reduce Nutrient Leaching from Farms
Creators: name: Plumhoff, Marta
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: nitrate
cover crops
agroecosystems
farm management

description: Cover cropping is an ecological management practice that provides a variety of ecosystem functions to farms, such as increasing soil organic matter content and improving nutrient retention. Background soil fertility due to unique management legacies is expected to influence the productivity of cover crops and subsequently mediate their effects on ecosystem functions related to nutrient retention. We used a long-term experiment at Michigan State University’s Kellogg Biological Station to test the legacy effects of four distinct management systems (ranging from conventional to certified organic) on the production and function of crimson clover and cereal rye cover crops grown alone and in mixture, with a focus on the potential to reduce nitrate leaching. Cover crops were planted following winter wheat harvest in the summer of 2019 and corn was planted in all treatments the following spring after cover crop termination. We applied bromide as a conservative tracer of water and anion flow in the soil profile to assess management legacy and cover crop treatment effects on potential anion leaching. We found that via changes to soil fertility, management legacies influenced cover crop productivity and species composition in mixture: in the legacies with lower soil fertility, crimson clover was more competitive than rye and dominated the mixture. Legacies with higher soil fertility—which were those with a history of ecological nutrient management—had higher average cover crop biomass (mean = 3357 kg ha-1 ) and a higher percent recovery of bromide (mean = 33.28%), an estimate of soil anion retention. Further, percent recovery of bromide was positively correlated with cover crop biomass (r 2 =.17) and the free particulate organic matter fraction (r 2 =.29), indicating that the effect of management legacy on cover crop function is mediated by cover crop production and background soil fertility. This experiment reveals complex interactions between soil fertility, cover crop growth, and nutrient leaching potential that depend on soil conditions resulting from specific management regimes.
Self Assembled Clusters of Spheres Related to Spherical Codes
Creators: name: Phillips, Carolyn L.
name: Jankowski, Eric
name: Marval, Michelle
name: Glotzer, Sharon C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: J.2
subject: 05B40

description: We consider the thermodynamically driven self-assembly of spheres onto the surface of a central sphere. This assembly process forms self-limiting, or terminal, anisotropic clusters (N-clusters) with well defined structures. We use Brownian dynamics to model the assembly of N-clusters varying in size from two to twelve outer spheres, and free energy calculations to predict the expected cluster sizes and shapes as a function of temperature and inner particle diameter. We show that the arrangements of outer spheres at finite temperatures are related to spherical codes, an ideal mathematical sequence of points corresponding to densest possible sphere packings. We demonstrate that temperature and the ratio of the diameters of the inner and outer spheres dictate cluster morphology and dynamics. We find that some N-clusters exhibit collective particle rearrangements, and these collective modes are unique to a given cluster size N. We present a surprising result for the equilibrium structure of a 5-cluster, which prefers an asymmetric square pyramid arrangement over a more symmetric arrangement. Our results suggest a promising way to assemble anisotropic building blocks from constituent colloidal spheres.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
[CII] 158 micron Luminosities and Star Formation Rate in Dusty Starbursts and AGN
Creators: name: Sargsyan, L.
name: Lebouteiller, V.
name: Weedman, D.
name: Spoon, H.
name: Bernard-Salas, J.
name: Engels, D.
name: Stacey, G.
name: Houck, J.
name: Barry, D.
name: Miles, J.
name: Samsonyan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented for [CII] 158 micron line fluxes observed with the Herschel PACS instrument in 112 sources with both starburst and AGN classifications, of which 102 sources have confident detections. Results are compared with mid-infrared spectra from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer and with L(IR) from IRAS fluxes; AGN/starburst classifications are determined from equivalent width of the 6.2 micron PAH feature. It is found that the [CII] line flux correlates closely with the flux of the 11.3 micron PAH feature independent of AGN/starburst classification, log [f([CII] 158 micron)/f(11.3 micron PAH)] = -0.22 +- 0.25. It is concluded that [CII] line flux measures the photodissociation region associated with starbursts in the same fashion as the PAH feature. A calibration of star formation rate for the starburst component in any source having [CII] is derived comparing [CII] luminosity L([CII]) to L(IR) with the result that log SFR = log L([CII)]) - 7.08 +- 0.3, for SFR in solar masses per year and L([CII]) in solar luminosities. The decreasing ratio of L([CII]) to L(IR) in more luminous sources (the "[CII] deficit") is shown to be a consequence of the dominant contribution to L(IR) arising from a luminous AGN component because the sources with largest L(IR) and smallest L([CII])/L(IR) are AGN.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Coherent states for polynomial su(1,1) algebra and a conditionally solvable system
Creators: name: Sadiq, Muhammad
name: Inomata, Akira
name: Junker, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper [{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.} {\bf 40} (2007) 11105], we constructed a class of coherent states for a polynomially deformed $su(2)$ algebra. In this paper, we first prepare the discrete representations of the nonlinearly deformed $su(1,1)$ algebra. Then we extend the previous procedure to construct a discrete class of coherent states for a polynomial su(1,1) algebra which contains the Barut-Girardello set and the Perelomov set of the SU(1,1) coherent states as special cases. We also construct coherent states for the cubic algebra related to the conditionally solvable radial oscillator problem.
description: 2 figures
Environmental Payback Periods of Reusable Alternatives to Single- Use Plastic Kitchenware Products
Creators: name: Fetner, Hannah
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: LCA
payback
single-use
reusable

description: Many consumers are transitioning away from single-use plastic products and turning to reusable alternatives. Oftentimes this change is being made with the assumption that these alternatives have fewer environmental impacts; however, reusable products are frequently made from more environmentally-intensive materials and have use phase impacts. This study used LCA to examine the GWP, water consumption and primary nonrenewable energy use associated with reusable alternatives for single-use plastic kitchenware products, and determined environmental payback periods. Payback periods are calculated for each reusable alternative and defined as the number of times a consumer must re-use an alternative in order for the environmental impact per use to be equivalent to the environmental impact for the single-use product. The research explored the sensitivity of the results to different consumer washing and reuse behaviors, as well as local conditions such as overall transportation distances and the carbon intensity of different electricity grids. Product types studied included straws (4 reusable, 2 single-use), sandwich storage (2 reusable, 3 single-use), coffee cups (3 reusable, 2 single-use) and forks (1 single-use, 3 reusable). Environmental impacts associated with the reusable alternatives were highly dependent on the use phase due to dishwashing, making payback period sensitive to washing frequency and method, and for GWP, carbon intensity of the energy grid (used for water heating). For single-use products, the material/manufacturing phase was the largest contributor to overall impacts. It was found that nine of the twelve reusable alternatives were able to breakeven in all three environmental indicators. The coffee cup product type was the only product type to have one reusable alternative, the ceramic mug, have the shortest payback period for all three impact categories. Both the bamboo straw and beeswax wrap were unable to breakeven in any scenario due to high use phase impacts from manual washing. The research found that reusable alternatives can payback the environmental impacts of GWP, water consumption, and energy use associated with their more resource intensive materials, but it is dependent on number of uses, consumer behavior and for GWP, carbon intensity of the energy grid. A key takeaway is that consumer behavior and use patterns influence the ultimate environmental impact of reusable kitchenware products.
The Impact of Renewable Energy versus Fossil Fuel Energy on Human Development
Creators: name: Essa, Elena
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sustainable Development
energy consumption
human development
low-to-middle income countries

description: As the effects of the climate crisis grow more severe annually, countries around the world have increased their commitments to increasing renewable energy consumption to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. While renewable energy consumption greatly reduces emissions, it is wondered if renewable energy or fossil fuel energy consumption contribute differently to country development. This study aims to understand differences in relationships between fossil fuel energy consumption and development versus renewable energy consumption and development. The Human Development Index (HDI) framework is used as a proxy to represent country development to incorporate a more holistic approach to quantifying development instead of merely using gross domestic product (GDP). Using a sample of low-to-middle income (LMI) countries, methods include statistical regression analysis to understand these relationships. Results show that there is a negative, linear correlation relationship between fossil fuel energy consumption and HDI. There is not enough evidence to suggest a regression relationship, linear or otherwise, between renewable energy consumption and HDI. The results add to the growing body of research that shows that the benefits from fossil fuels do not outperform renewable energy. Countries will continue to increase consumption of renewable energy for global decarbonization and to increase access to energy.
Highlighting Women’s Voices in a Climate Change and Livelihood Narrative: A Case Study in a Rural Fiji Community
Creators: name: Kline, Adriane
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: community based adaptation
women and environment
adaptive capacity

description: Climate change has wide implications for human health and affects social and environmental determinants of health (for example, shelter, drinking water, food security). The Republic of Fiji, a developing island nation in the South Pacific, is particularly burdened by climate change. This is due to sea-level rise, increasing temperatures, and an increase of extreme climate events compounded by livelihood strategies that rely on healthy ecosystems. Population groups such as women, residents in rural areas, and disadvantaged communities are disproportionately affected by health impacts linked to climate change. Small-scale, community-centered studies are needed to understand local perspectives and livelihood systems to facilitate equitable and culturally appropriate adaptation measures. This study promotes the voices of women in Yalobi Village, a rural Fiji community, by explaining their livelihood strategies, the way their health is impacted by climate change, and their adaptive capacity. Using a mixed methods approach, this study involved a quantitative survey (n=48) and qualitative interviews (n=10). Study participants exhibited a reliance on their natural environment demonstrated by their dependence on surrounding ecosystems for food, income generation, medicine, and cultural obligations. Their greatest concerns are the impacts of climate change on food security, income generation, water access, and culture. The primary climate change threats of concern are sea-level rise, stronger tropical cyclones and changing weather patterns. Traditional gender roles and responsibilities prompted differing impacts for women and men in Yalobi Village. Community-based study methods should be applied to climate change adaptation planning to ensure local voices are heard and efforts are community-led.
Coefficient estimates for bi-univalent Ma-Minda starlike and convex functions
Creators: name: Ali, Rosihan M.
name: Keong, Lee See
name: Ravichandran, V.
name: Supramaniam, Shamani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30C45

description: Estimates on the initial coefficients are obtained for normalized analytic functions $f$ in the open unit disk with $f$ and its inverse $g=f^{-1}$ satisfying the conditions that $zf'(z)/f(z)$ and $zg'(z)/g(z)$ are both subordinate to a starlike univalent function whose range is symmetric with respect to the real axis. Several related classes of functions are also considered, and connections to earlier known results are made.
Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for last-mile parcel delivery by automated vehicles and robots
Creators: name: Li, Luyao
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: automated vehicle
life cycle assessment
greenhouse gas emissions

description: Increased E-commerce and demand for contactless delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic have fueled interest in robotic package delivery. We evaluate life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for automated ground delivery systems consisting of a vehicle (last-mile) and a robot (final-50-feet) in a suburban setting. Small and large cargo vans (125 and 350 cubic feet; V125 and V350) with internal combustion engine (ICEV) and battery electric (BEV) powertrains were assessed for three delivery scenarios: (i) conventional, human-driven vehicle with human delivery; (ii) partially automated, human-driven vehicle with robot delivery; and (iii) fully automated: connected automated vehicle (CAV) with robot delivery. The robot’s contribution to life cycle GHG emissions is small (2-6%). CAV auxiliary loads offset operational benefits from automated driving. Compared to the conventional scenario, full automation results in 7% lower GHG emissions for the V350-ICEV but 5% higher for the V125-BEV. Conventional delivery with a V125-BEV provides the lowest GHG emissions, 160 g CO2e/package, while partially automated delivery with a V350-ICEV generates the most at 450 g CO2e/package. Sensitivity analysis shows delivery density and fuel economy are key parameters determining GHG emissions for all scenarios, while CAV power requirements and efficiency benefits have a smaller impact on automated scenario emissions.
Improved limits on short-wavelength gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background
Creators: name: Sendra, Irene
name: Smith, Tristan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is affected by the total radiation density around the time of decoupling. At that epoch, neutrinos comprised a significant fraction of the radiative energy, but there could also be a contribution from primordial gravitational waves with frequencies greater than ~ 10^-15 Hz. If this cosmological gravitational wave background (CGWB) were produced under adiabatic initial conditions, its effects on the CMB and matter power spectrum would mimic massless non-interacting neutrinos. However, with homogenous initial conditions, as one might expect from certain models of inflation, pre big-bang models, phase transitions and other scenarios, the effect on the CMB would be distinct. We present updated observational bounds for both initial conditions using the latest CMB data at small scales from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) in combination with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), current measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillations, and the Hubble parameter. With the inclusion of the data from SPT the adiabatic bound on the CGWB density is improved by a factor of 1.7 to 10^6 Omega_gw < 8.7 at the 95% confidence level (C.L.), with weak evidence in favor of an additional radiation component consistent with previous analyses. The constraint can be converted into an upper limit on the tension of horizon-sized cosmic strings that could generate this gravitational wave component, with Gmu < 2 10^-7 at 95% C.L., for string tension Gmu. The homogeneous bound improves by a factor of 3.5 to 10^6 Omega_gw < 1.0 at 95% C.L., with no evidence for such a component from current data.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Accelerating the adoption of electric transit buses at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor with a project finance model
Creators: name: Onolememen Jrn, Osemudiame Michael
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: project finance
special purpose vehicle
lease contract

description: The University of Michigan President Commission for Carbon Neutrality (PCCN) reports a goal of fully electrifying the transit bus system called Magic Blue Bus by 2035 as part of the wider goal of achieving carbon neutrality from scope 1 and scope 2 emissions by 2025. This will require the purchase of new battery electric buses (BEB) and the expansion of the current transit infrastructure to include charging facilities, all of which provide large upfront costs. The current method of financing the Magic Blue Buses includes grants and awards from Michigan Medicine. However, to attain a successful transition, more sustainable financing models must be set up. A Project Finance Model is proposed where the University becomes an off-taker of electric bus services through a lease agreement with a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) set up by Proterra. The University refinances the lease through proceeds from bond issuance in the capital market, revenues from the sale of carbon credits and the resale of excess electricity stored in the electric battery. A financial model is set up to calculate the Cost-Benefit analysis, Net Present Value (NPV), the Payback Period, and the Internal Rate of Return for the Project Finance Model. A sensitivity test is also carried out to determine the optimal interest rates that investors can charge on their capital. The work provides a model for assessing the cost feasibility of a transition to a BEB fleet at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor campus by 2035.
Developing Didactic Principles For Annotation Based Learning
Creators: name: Hübner, Julia
name: Schutzeichel, Marc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: annotation
grammar
AAM
didactics
learning
teaching
corpus
linguistics
abstraction

description: Learners often conceive grammar as an irrelevant and even boring subject. As a result they significantly lack the key competence to describe and analyze grammatical structures (Nänny 2014: 183; Habermann 2013:35).

When conveying grammatical knowledge, corpus based methods such as manual annotation by the learners still provides a new approach to access grammatical categories. The main purpose of annotation is the assignment of features and attributes to individual segments of an utterance. Acquiring knowledge about grammar is a very similar process. Therefore annotation tasks provide an appropriate means for reifying and visualizing grammatical entities and concepts. However the required didactics for this purpose are still to be defined.

Our poster aims at contributing a model (Annotation Abstraction Model; AAM) for the different abstraction levels of the annotation process of grammatical items. Our AAM combines a triad consisting of the three entities learner, teacher and theory which are linked by the annotation as a guiding principle. Teaching grammar is used as an example to demonstrate opportunities for the didactization of corpus linguistics. Learners access more sophisticated concepts and entities of grammar such as morphological primitives with increasing qualification. Our model visualizes a corresponding relation between the linguistic level of abstraction (grammatical models; theoretical framework) and the technical means (paper based annotation; computer tool). Therefore we present concrete methods for adapting the technical level used in the annotation exercises to the level of abstraction reached by the learner.

The reduction with regard to technical means and contents allows for the inductive development of language awareness “Sprachbewusstheit” (cf. Bredel 2013), thus enabling the learner to discover language as describable subject matter rather than simply as a means of communication. Moreover the model contributes to a better comprehension of didactic necessities when working with corpora in the context of teaching.
description: {"references": ["Bredel, Ursula. 2013. Sprachbetrachtung und Grammatikunterricht. Paderborn: Sch\u00f6ningh.", "Habermann, Mechthild. 2013. Von der Schule zur Universit\u00e4t. Zum Funktionswechsel von \tGrammatik im BA-Studium. In: K\u00f6pcke, Klaus-Michael & Ziegler, Arne (eds.): Schulgrammatik und Sprachunterricht im Wandel. Berlin: de Gruyter.", "N\u00e4nny, Stephan. 2014. Grammatisieren - sprachliche Strukturen erforschen. In: Bredel, Ursula & Schmellentin, Claudia (eds.). Welche Grammatik braucht der Grammatikunterricht? Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren. 183-193."]}
As diferenças dos tipos de Parceria Publico Privada disciplinados pela Lei 11.079/2004 e as Licitações Públicas
Creators: name: Florindo da Silva, Heleno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Trata-se de discussão acerca da Lei 11.079/2004 que regem as faladas parcerias público privadas, por onde se demonstra as diferenças entre as várias possibilidade de parcerias trazidas pela legislação em apreço, dispondo a normatização de cada uma, seus conceitos e suas aplicabilidades.
Bioactive natural products
Creators: name: Woods, Katherine B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Montbretins A-E were isolated from the corms of Crocosmia sp., an invasive perennial plant. The montbretins are inhibitors of human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA). Montbretin A (2- 30) is a competitive inhibitor of HPA with a K₁ of 1.3 nM. The activity of the other family members varied significantly and provided structure-activity information. Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy was used to determine that the caffeic acid region of the montbretins is important for binding. HPA is involved in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates; inhibition of this enzyme could help with regulation of blood sugar levels after a meal. In the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, the activation of Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) in the presence of flagellin leads to inflammation and obstruction. Girolline (3-1), a known alkaloid, was isolated from a Phonpeian sponge following potent inhibition of the flagellin initiated TLR5 activation. No activity was observed in any synthetic analogues of girolline. The massacreones are a new family of ecdysteroids isolated from an unidentified Dominican cnidarian. The extract of the cnidarian had good TLR5 activity, but the massacreones – namely massacreone A (3-25) and massacreone B (3-26) have only moderate activity and a small window of activity before they are toxic. The algal pigment caulerpin (4-29) was isolated from Caulerpa sp. as a compound showing good activity in a yeast growth restoration assay designed to identify inhibitors ofhuman indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Caulerpin did not show any activity in a free enzyme IDO assay. IDO is involved in immune escape, which prevents the immunological rejection of tumors.