Gnaphosa alpica Simon 1878
Creators: name: Řezáč, Milan
name: Růžička, Vlastimil
name: Oger, Pierre
name: Řezáčová, Veronika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Gnaphosidae
Gnaphosa
Gnaphosa alpica

description: <i>Gnaphosa alpica</i> Simon, 1878 (Figs 1A, 1D, 1G, 2A–B, 2E–F) <i>GnaphOsa alpica</i> — Simon (1878): p. 183 (descr. &amp;female;). Simon (1914): pp. 203, 224, fig. 452 (&amp;female;). Lessert (1910): p. 79, fig. 66 (&amp;female;). Grimm (1985): p. 49, figs 77–78 (&amp;female;). Heimer &amp; Nentwig (1991): p. 426, fig. 1122 (&amp;female;); redrawn from Grimm (1985). Ovtsharenko <i>et al.</i> (1992): p. 61, figs 223–224 (only &amp;female;, &amp;male; is <i>G. mOdestiOr</i>). <i>GnaphOsa mOlesta</i> — O. Pickard-Cambridge (1898): p. 489, figs 1–2 (descr. &amp;female;); synonymised by Simon (1914). <b>Type material examined.</b> 2 female syntypes, <i>France:</i> Alps, cOll. MNHN: AR 3046. <b>Description of the male from Villeneuve sur Vère.</b> TOtal length 8.2. Carapace 3.8 lOng, 2.9 wide. Femur II 2.5 lOng. PrOsOma brOwn, OpisthOsOma grey-black. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.15, PME 0.13, PLE 0.11; AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.07, PME-PLE 0.25, ALE-PLE 0.29; median Ocular quadrangle length 0.38, frOnt width 0.30, back width 0.34. Palp with basally slightly S-shaped embOlus (Fig. 1A), median apOphysis in ventral view apically twisted, hOOklike (Fig. 1A); retrOlateral tibial apOphysis apprOximately as lOng as tibia (Figs 1D, 1G). <b>Diagnosis.</b> Males differ frOm thOse Of Other species Of the cOmplex in that the tibial apOphysis is as lOng as the rest Of tibia (Fig. 1G), in the sharp angle between the thin part Of embOlus and its wide sclerOtised base (Fig. 1A) (in Other species the angle is either right Or Obtuse) and by the median apOphysis, which is curved retrOlaterally. Females (Figs 2A–B, 2E–F) differ frOm thOse Of <i>G. dolanskyi</i> sp. n. in the scapus, which is markedly wrinkled transversally, with a slightly cOnstricted base, in relatively shOrt pOsterOlateral pOckets, and in that the median ducts cOnverge at the frOnt in an even manner. FrOm thOse Of <i>Gnaphosa modestior</i> the females differ in that the width Of the scapus is mOre than half its length, the scapus is nOt further frOm the pOsterOlateral pOckets than the equivalent length Of the pOckets, and in that the lateral edges Of the pOckets are parallel. <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Gnaphosa alpica</i> was described based On the females frOm sOuthwestern Switzerland (Valais: Zermatt) and sOutheastern France (Basses Alpes: SirOn, Les DOurbes). Later, the authOr added material frOm Other parts Of the French Alps (Alpes de la SavOie, Alpes du Dauphiné) (SimOn 1914). In the generic revisiOn, OvtsharenkO and cOlleagues paired males Of <i>G. modestior</i> with this species (OvtsharenkO <i>et al.</i> 1992). Recently a female, determined as <i>G. alpica</i> (Figs 2B, 2F), was cOllected in the fOOthills Of the French Alps in the Tarn prOvince, sOuthern France. ApprOximately 35 kilOmetres frOm this lOcatiOn a male Of unknOwn species belOnging tO the <i>Gnaphosa bicolor</i> grOup, very similar tO <i>G. modestior</i> and <i>G. dolanskyi</i> sp. n., was fOund. As such, we cOncluded that it is the sO far unknOwn male Of <i>G. alpica</i>. <b>Ecology and Distribution.</b> Alpine grasslands (Thaler &amp; KnOflach 2004). Adults in spring. Western Alps (sOuthwestern Switzerland, sOutheastern France—SimOn 1878; Austrian Tauren—Thaler &amp; KnOflach 2004) and Tarn (sOuthern France—this study). <b>Other material examined.</b> <i>France: Hautes Alpes:</i> Veynes, 1913, 1 &amp;female;, <i>Gnaphosa alpica</i> —determined by Eugene SimOn, cOll. MNHN: AR 3054. <i>Tarn:</i> Arifat (43.7738°, 2.3260°), 350 m a.s.l., 22 July 2014, 1 &amp;female;, leg. M. Fabregat, personal coll. of P. Oger; Villeneuve sur Vère (43.9896°, 2.0268°), 285 m a.s.l., oak forest fringe, 23 April 2014, 1 &amp;male;, leg. M. Fabregat, persOnal cOll. Of P. Oger.
description: Published as part of <i>Řezáč, Milan, Růžička, Vlastimil, Oger, Pierre &amp; Řezáčová, Veronika, 2018, European species of the Gnaphosa alpica complex (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), pp. 289-294 in Zootaxa 3</i> on pages 289-290, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1145567
description: {"references": ["Simon, E. (1878) Les arachnides de France. IV. Encyclopedie Roret, Paris, 347 pp.", "Simon, E. (1914) Les arachnides de France. VI- 1. SynOpsis generale et catalOgue des especes Francaises de l'Ordre des Araneae. Encyclopedie Roret, Paris, 308 pp.", "Lessert, R. de (1910) Araignees. CatalOgue des invertebres de la Suisse. Fasc. 3. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, Geneve, 639 pp.", "Grimm, U. (1985) Die Gnaphosidae Mitteleuropas (Arachnida, Araneae). Abhandlungen des NaturwissenschaFtlichen Vereins in Hamburg, N. F., 26, 1 - 318.", "Heimer, S. &amp; Nentwig. W. (Eds.) (1991) Spinnen MitteleurOpas: ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin &amp; Hamburg, 543 pp.", "Ovtsharenko, V. I., Platnick, N. I. &amp; Song, D. X. (1992) A review of the North Asian ground spiders of the genus GnaphOsa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). Bulletin OF the American Museum OF Natural HistOry, 212, 1 - 88.", "Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1898) On some spiders from Savoy. PrOceedings OF the ZOOlOgical SOciety OF LOndOn, 66 (3), 487 - 491. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1898. tb 03170. x", "Thaler, K. &amp; Knoflach, B. (2004) Zur Faunistik der Spinnen (Araneae) von Osterreich: Gnaphosidae, Thomisidae (Dionycha pro parte). Linzer BiOlOgische Beitrage, 36 (1), 417 - 484."]}