cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraint on intergalactic dust from thermal history of intergalactic medium
Creators: name: Inoue, Akio K.
name: Kamaya, Hideyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Letter investigates the amount of dust in the intergalactic medium (IGM). The dust photoelectric heating can be the most efficient heating mechanism in the IGM where the density is very small and there are a lot of hard ultraviolet photons. Comparing the observational thermal history of IGM with a theoretical one taking into account the dust photoelectric heating, we can put an upper limit on the dust-to-gas ratio, ${\cal D}$, in the IGM. Since the rate of the dust photoelectric heating depends on the size of dust, we find the following results: If the grain size is $\ga 100$ Å, ${\cal D}$ at $z \sim 3$ is $\la 1/100$ Galactic value corresponding to $Ω_{\rm dust}^{\rm IGM}\la 10^{-5}$. On the other hand, if the grain size is as small as $\sim 10$ Å, ${\cal D}$ is $\la 1/1000$ Galactic value corresponding to $Ω_{\rm dust}^{\rm IGM}\la 10^{-6}$.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS pink pages
Additional file 3 of Effect of alendronate sodium plus vitamin D3 tablets on knee joint structure and osteoarthritis pain: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study protocol
Creators: name: Peng, Hui-ming
name: Weng, Xi-sheng
name: Li, Ye
name: Feng, Bin
name: Qian, Wenwei
name: Cai, Dao-zhang
name: Zhao, Chang
name: Yao, Zhen-jun
name: Yang, Yi
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Wan, Shengcheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 1. The sequence and parameters of the MRI unit used in our center.
Homogeneous dynamics in a vibrated granular monolayer
Creators: name: Maynar, P.
name: de Soria, M. I. García
name: Brey, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple model of a vibrated granular monolayer is studied. It consists of inelastic hard spheres confined between two parallel hard plates separated a distance smaller than twice the diameter of the particles. Both walls are elastic and one of them is vibrating in a sawtooth way. For low densities, a kinetic equation is proposed from which closed evolution equations for the horizontal and vertical temperatures are derived assuming spatial homogeneity and that the system is very thin. An excellent agreement between the theoretical predictions and Molecular Dynamics simulation results is obtained both, for the stationary values and for the dynamics of the temperatures.
Tetranychus rhagodiae Miller 1966
Creators: name: SEEMAN, OWEN D.
name: BEARD, JENNIFER J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Tetranychidae
Tetranychus
Tetranychus rhagodiae

description: Tetranychus rhagodiae Miller, 1966
 (Fig. 29)
 Non-type specimens examined, Australia: Tasmania: 4 females, Cremorne, 10.vi.1963, ex Rhagodia billardieri (Chenopodiaceae), det. L.W. Miller 1963 (K330, 68113; K331, 68114; K332, 68115; K329, 68112). All in TDPIC.
description: Published as part of SEEMAN, OWEN D. & BEARD, JENNIFER J., 2011, Identification of exotic pest and Australian native and naturalised species of Tetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae), pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 2961 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2961.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10095728
Recent Changes in the Financial Systems of Asian and Pacific Countries
Creators: name: Frankel, Jeffrey A.
name: Frankel, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: financial repression
subject: financial liberalization
subject: banking regulation
subject: emerging markets
subject: East Asia

description: The paper reviews the recent evolution of the financial structure of Pacific counties, particularly the rapidly developing countries of East Asia. It argues that there are three natural stages of development in a country's financial system, which emphasize respectively: (1) internal finance, (2) the intermediation of finance, and (3) securitization. It reviews the emergence of securities markets in East Asia, the particular case of financial liberalization in Korea, problems posed by recent capital inflows in these countries, and such issues for regulatory policy as prudential supervision of banks, reserve requirements, and compulsory finance.
Market application of the percolation model: Relative price distribution
Creators: name: Chakraborti, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a variant of the Cont-Bouchaud model which utilizes the perco lation approach of multi-agent simulations of the stock market fluctuations. Here, instead of considering the relative price change as the difference of the total demand and total supply, we consider the relative price change to be proportiona l to the ``relative'' difference of demand and supply (the ratio of the difference in total demand and total supply to the sum of the total demand and total supply). We then study the probability distribution of the price changes.
description: Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 13, Jan 2002
Deforestation and biomass fuel dynamics in Uganda
Creators: name: Jagger, Pamela
name: Kittner, Noah
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2017

description:
Forests are, and will remain for decades to come, a critical source of domestic energy for households in East Africa. Deforestation threatens to alter the supply of biomass available to households. We use remote sensing and longitudinal household data to understand the relationship between agriculture-led deforestation and household energy choices in Uganda. Our hypothesis is that rapid deforestation and associated biomass stock depletion affects the type, quantity, and quality of fuels used by households. We analyze land use changes characterizing deforestation and forest degradation at 500-m spatial resolution. Using two waves of survey data for 451 households, we describe changes in the type, quantity, and source of biomass fuels used. We estimate net losses of 4.51 billion kg or 26% of available air-dry biomass over an 8-year period in 5-km buffers surrounding the study villages. We estimate a series of panel mixed-effect regression models to test whether reduction in biomass availability affects fuel choice and find that lower biomass availability is associated with an increase in fuel sourced from non-forest areas, use of crop residues as a cooking fuel, and time to collect fuel. We find that households are transitioning from fuelwood sourced from forests to fuelwood sourced from areas with much less available and lower quality biomass. We find limited evidence that investment in tree planting is replacing natural forests as a source of high quality biomass fuel. Our findings have implications for both human and environmental health particularly in biomass dependent and population dense settings in sub-Saharan Africa.
Figure S2 from Controlling for baseline telomere length biases estimates of the rate of telomere attrition
Creators: name: Bateson, Melissa
name: Eisenberg, Dan T. A.
name: Nettle, Daniel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Varying the number of participants in the simulation had no impact on the accuracy of parameter estimates.
Gauge symmetry breaking on orbifolds
Creators: name: Biggio, Carla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a new method for gauge symmetry breaking in theories with one extra dimension compactified on the orbifold S^1/Z_2. If we assume that fields and their derivatives can jump at the orbifold fixed points, we can implement a generalized Scherk-Schwarz mechanism that breaks the gauge symmetry. We show that our model with discontinuous fields is equivalent to another with continuous but non periodic fields; in our scheme localized lagrangian terms for bulk fields appear.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Talk given at the XXXVIIth Rencontres de Moriond, "Electroweak interactions and unified theories", Les Arcs, France, 9-16 Mar 2002. Minor changes, one reference added
Towards a classification of bifurcations in Vlasov equations
Creators: name: Barré, Julien
name: Métivier, David
name: Yamaguchi, Yoshiyuki Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a classification of bifurcations of Vlasov equations, based on the strength of the resonance between the unstable mode and the continuous spectrum on the imaginary axis. We then identify and characterize a new type of generic bifurcation where this resonance is weak, but the unstable mode couples with the Casimirs, which are constants of motion, to form a size 3 Jordan block. We derive a three-dimensional reduced noncanonical Hamiltonian system describing this bifurcation: coupling with the Casimirs controls the phase space portrait. Comparison of the reduced dynamics with direct numerical simulations on a test case gives excellent agreement. We finally discuss the relevance of this bifurcation to specific physical situations.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Supplemental material available at the URL https://www.idpoisson.fr/barre/publications-et-preprints/
Chiral Supergravitons Interacting with a 0-Brane N-Extended NSR Super-Virasoro Group
Creators: name: Boveia, A.
name: Gates, S. James
name: Larson, Bjorg A.
name: Linch, W. D.
name: Kimberly, Dagny M.
name: Phillips, J. A.
name: Rodgers, V. G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the development of the actions, S_{AFF}, by examining the cases where there are N fermionic degrees of freedom associated with a 0-brane. These actions correspond to the interaction of the N-extended super Virasoro algebra with the supergraviton and the associated SO(N) gauge field that accompanies the supermultiplet. The superfield formalism is used throughout so that supersymmetry is explicit.
description: PACS: 04.65.+e, 11.15.-q, 11.25.-w, 12.60.J
Looking for Medium-term Conservation and Development Impacts of Community Management Agreements in Uganda's Rwenzori Mountains National Park
Creators: name: Bush, Glenn K.
name: Jagger, Pamela
name: Sellers, Samuel
name: Das, Ipsita
name: Kittner, Noah
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2018

description:
We evaluate the impact of collaborative management agreements (CMAs) designed to protect forests and raise incomes for smallholders living adjacent to Rwenzori Mountains National Park (RMNP), Uganda. We use a quasi-experimental study design to estimate changes in several income measures, as well as land cover using three waves (2003, 2007, and 2012) of household survey and remote sensing data. Overall, we find no significant impact of CMAs on any of our income measures. However, when disaggregating households by income quartile, we find that access to forest resources in RMNP may have had an income stabilizing effect for poor households. Forest income grew significantly faster among the poorest quartile of treatment relative to control households, partially because poor households recorded very low income from forests at baseline. The effect of CMAs on forest cover is minimal, although we find that conversion of woody savanna and savanna to cropland is more pronounced in villages with CMAs. These findings suggest that in the medium-term, CMAs have failed to deliver conservation or development benefits related to enhancing livelihoods or conserving forests near RMNP. Practitioners should consider different CMA models or other strategies for improving welfare and forest health outcomes in communities neighboring protected areas.
Maximizing simulated tropical cyclone intensity with action minimization
Creators: name: Plotkin, David A.
name: Webber, Robert J.
name: O'Neill, Morgan E
name: Weare, Jonathan
name: Abbot, Dorian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Direct computer simulation of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) in weather models is limited by computational expense. Intense TCs are rare and have small-scale structures, making it difficult to produce large ensembles of storms at high resolution. Further, models often fail to capture the process of rapid intensification, which is a distinguishing feature of many intense TCs. Understanding rapid intensification is especially important in the context of global warming, which may increase the frequency of intense TCs. To better leverage computational resources for the study of rapid intensification, we introduce an action minimization algorithm applied to the WRF and WRFPLUS models. Action minimization nudges the model into forming more intense TCs than it otherwise would; it does so via the maximum likelihood path in a stochastic formulation of the model, thereby allowing targeted study of intensification mechanisms. We apply action minimization to simulations of Hurricanes Danny (2015) and Fred (2009) at 6 km resolution to demonstrate that the algorithm consistently intensifies TCs via physically plausible pathways. We show an approximately ten-fold computational savings using action minimization to study the tail of the TC intensification distribution. Further, for Hurricanes Danny and Fred, action minimization produces perturbations that preferentially reduce low-level shear as compared to upper-level shear, at least above a threshold of approximately $4 \mathrm{\ m \ s^{-1}}$. We also demonstrate that asymmetric, time-dependent patterns of heating can cause significant TC intensification beyond symmetric, azimuthally-averaged heating and find a regime of non-linear response to asymmetric heating that has not been extensively studied in previous work.
Tetranychus schoenei McGregor 1941
Creators: name: SEEMAN, OWEN D.
name: BEARD, JENNIFER J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Tetranychidae
Tetranychus
Tetranychus schoenei

description: Tetranychus schoenei McGregor, 1941
 (Fig. 30)
 Type specimens examined, U.S.A.: Approximately 40 of male and female syntypes. Winchester, Virginia, 14.iii.1941, W.J. Schoene, ex Apple Malus domestica (Rosaceae), Bureau No. 41-6426, USNM 1418. In USNM.
 Non-type specimens examined, U.S.A.: 2 females, 2 males, Louisiana, Missouri, 12.viii.1952, D.W. Hamilton, lot 52-12703, bright orange, ex Raspberry Rubus sp. (Rosaceae). 2 females, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 6.xii.1949, E. Gould, bright orange, ex bark Apple M. domestica. 2 males, College Park, Maryland, 22.vi.1951, F.F. Smith, TC-7535, lot 51-5740, ex Rambler Rose Rosa sp. (Rosaceae). In USNM.
description: Published as part of SEEMAN, OWEN D. & BEARD, JENNIFER J., 2011, Identification of exotic pest and Australian native and naturalised species of Tetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae), pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 2961 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2961.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10095728
Bifurcation and Criticality
Creators: name: Bose, Indrani
name: Ghosh, Sayantari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems exhibit power-law singularities close to their critical and bifurcation points respectively. A recent study has shown that biochemical nonequilibrium models with positive feedback belong to the universality class of the mean-field Ising model. Through a mapping between the two systems, effective thermodynamic quantities like temperature, magnetic field and order parameter can be expressed in terms of biochemical parameters. In this paper, we demonstrate the equivalence using a simple deterministic approach. As an illustration we consider a model of population dynamics exhibiting the Allee effect for which we determine the exact phase diagram. We further consider a two-variable model of positive feedback, the genetic toggle, and discuss the conditions under which the model belongs to the mean-field Ising universality class. In the biochemical models, the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation point serves as the critical point. The dynamical behaviour predicted by the two models is in qualitative agreement with experimental observations and opens up the possibility of exploring critical point phenomena in laboratory populations and synthetic biological circuits.
description: 13 Pages, 5 Figures
"TESTED QUALITY IN THE GLASS": WINE QUALITY CERTIFICATION IN GERMANY
Creators: name: Brunke, Henrich
name: Lapsley, James T.
name: Mueller, Rolf A.E.
name: Tauscher, Ludwig
name: Brunke, Henrich
name: Lapsley, James T.
name: Mueller, Rolf A.E.
name: Tauscher, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: WINE QUALITY

description: Wine is mostly sold in closed bottles that prevent buyers from inspecting their contents. This practice turns wine into an experience good which buyers are unable to asses at the time of purchase. In order to reduce buyers’ information gaps, wine sellers provide information about the wine on one or several labels attached to the bottle. Wine buyers' problem then is to interpret this information and to assess its veracity. Institutional arrangements have emerged in Germany, as in other wine producing countries, that standardize communication between wine sellers and buyers, and that reduce the risk of wine buyers being misled by the information provided by the sellers. Core elements of the institutions are (i) verifiable wine quality categories or grades, (ii) wine examination by independent experts and certification of the information items provided by the wine bottler, and (iii) rules for the content and form of labeling information. Wines that satisfy all legal requirements for a quality wine are deemed to be "Tested Quality in the Glass". They are recognizable by a number that is issued for each wine that has passed examination; the number must be printed on the label. The objectives of this study are three: (i) to provide an English-language description of the German wine quality certification system, together with a summary of its legal basis; (ii) to describe an alternative private wine certification system that has been grafted onto the pubic system, and (iii) to encourage readers to think about how datafication of wine and digitization of wine certification may transform the "Tested Quality in the Glass" system. The study is of interest to all wine experts and scholars with an interest in wine certification, especially of German wines.
Destined for decline? Examining nuclear energy from a technological innovation systems perspective
Creators: name: Markard, Jochen
name: Kittner, Noah
name: Nuñez-Jimenez, Alejandro
name: Bento, Nuno
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description:
Technology decline is a central element of sustainability transitions. However, transition scholars have only just begun to analyze decline. This paper uses the technological innovation systems (TIS) perspective to study decline. Our case is nuclear energy, which is at a crossroads. Some view nuclear as a key technology to address climate change, while others see an industry in decline. We examine a broad range of empirical indicators at the global scale to assess whether or not nuclear energy is in decline. We find that an eroding actor base, shrinking opportunities in liberalized electricity markets, the break-up of existing networks, loss of legitimacy, increasing cost and time overruns, and abandoned projects are clear indications of decline. Also, increasingly fierce competition from natural gas, solar PV, wind, and energy-storage technologies speaks against nuclear in the electricity sector. We conclude that, while there might be a future for nuclear in state-controlled ‘niches’ such as Russia or China, new nuclear power plants do not seem likely to become a core element in the struggle against climate change. Our conceptual contribution is twofold. First, we show how the TIS framework can be mobilized to study technology decline. Second, we explore a range of indicators to cover the multiple dimensions of decline, including actors, institutions, technology, and context.
title: Weaving lives from violence: possibility and change for Muslim women in rural West Bengal
Creators: name: Stadlen, Alexandra
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2018

description: This thesis is about the changing lives of Muslim women living in a not so out of the way place. Though on the geographic margins of India, at the fringes of the state of West Bengal, the Hindu goddess-named village they call home has become increasingly connected. In recent years their verdant, jungle isolation has been stripped away by fresh tarmac, mobile phone signal and the formerly shadowy yet increasingly assertive presence of a global Islamic reformist movement. The lives of a diverse group of women in this village of Tarakhali are drawn together to ask what it is to be a Muslim woman here, at this time. Female personhood is understood as something constructed through the skilful navigation of myriad forms of everyday violence. This deft handling of tension and contradiction gains strength and significance as women experience this moment of incorporation and the accompanying transformations. The fundamental role of Islam in shaping their understandings is explored through charged encounters with the conservative Tablighi Jama’at and the increasingly unpredictable and violent interactions with the supernatural. As conceptual and actual spaces are opening up for women, how they enter the labour market and engage (un)productively with microfinance is explored, as is how they transcend village, gender and social boundaries to become “seen” by local bureaucracies. Finally, the impact of this moment of discord in which some beliefs and experiences clash with others is drawn into focus, as this is how it shapes the way in which these women envisage a future both here on earth, and in the hereafter.
Super Hot Cores in NGC 253: Witnessing the formation and early evolution of Super Star Clusters
Creators: name: Rico-Villas, Fernando
name: Martin-Pintado, Jesus
name: Gonzalez-Alfonso, Eduardo
name: Martin, Sergio
name: Rivilla, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using $0.2^{\prime \prime}$ ($\sim3$ pc) ALMA images of vibrationally excited HC$_3$N emission (HC$_3$N$^*$) we reveal the presence of $8$ unresolved Super Hot Cores (SHCs) in the inner $160$ pc of NGC\,253. Our LTE and non-LTE modelling of the HC$_3$N$^*$ emission indicate that SHCs have dust temperatures of $200-375$ K, relatively high H$_2$ densities of $1-6\times 10^{6}$ cm$^{-3}$ and high IR luminosities of $0.1-1\times 10^8$ L$_\odot$. As expected from their short lived phase ($\sim 10^4$ yr), all SHCs are associated with young Super Star Clusters (SSCs). We use the ratio of luminosities form the SHCs (protostar phase) and from the free-free emission (ZAMS star phase), to establish the evolutionary stage of the SSCs. The youngest SSCs, with the larges ratios, have ages of a few $10^4$ yr (proto-SSCs) and the more evolved SSCs are likely between $10^5$ and $10^6$ yr (ZAMS-SSCs). The different evolutionary stages of the SSCs are also supported by the radiative feedback from the UV radiation as traced by the HNCO/CS ratio, with this ratio being systematically higher in the young proto-SSCs than in the older ZAMS-SSCs. We also estimate the SFR and the SFE of the SSCs. The trend found in the estimated SFE ($\sim40\%$ for proto-SSCs and $>85\%$ for ZAMS-SSCs) and in the gas mass reservoir available for star formation, one order of magnitude higher for proto-SSCs, suggests that star formation is still going on in proto-SSCs. We also find that the most evolved SSCs are located, in projection, closer to the center of the galaxy than the younger proto-SSCs, indicating an inside-out SSC formation scenario.
description: typos corrected, references added
Absorption Line Survey of H3+ toward the Galactic Center Sources I. GCS 3-2 and GC IRS3
Creators: name: Goto, M.
name: McCall, B. J.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Usuda, T.
name: Kobayashi, N.
name: Terada, H.
name: Oka, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution (R = 20000) spectroscopy of H3+ absorption toward the luminous Galactic center sources GCS 3-2 and GC IRS 3. With the efficient wavelength coverage afforded by Subaru IRCS, six absorption lines of H3+ have been detected in each source from 3.5 to 4.0 um, three of which are new. In particular the 3.543 um absorption line of the R(3, 3)^l transition arising from the metastable (J, K) = (3, 3) state has been tentatively detected for the first time in the interstellar medium, where previous observations of H3+ had been limited to absorption lines from the lowest levels: (J, K) = (1, 0) of ortho-H3+ and (1, 1) of para-H3+. The H3+ absorption toward the Galactic center takes place in dense and diffuse clouds along the line of sight as well as the molecular complex close to the Galactic nucleus. At least four kinematic components are found in the H3+ absorption lines. We suggest identifications of the velocity components with those of HI, CO, and H2CO previously reported from radio and infrared observations. H3+ components with velocities that match those of weak and sharp CO and H2CO lines are attributed to diffuse clouds. Our observation has revealed a striking difference between the absorption profiles of H3+ and CO, demonstrating that the spectroscopy of H3+ provides information complementary to that obtained from CO spectroscopy. The tentative detection of the R(3, 3)^l line and the non-detection of spectral lines from other J > 1 levels provide observational evidence for the metastability of the (3, 3) level, which is theoretically expected. This suggests that other metastable J = K levels with higher J may also be populated.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, To appear in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan vol. 54 no.6
Hysterodifractum D. A. C. Almeida, Gusmao & A. N. Mill. 2014, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De
name: Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati
name: Miller, Andrew Nicholas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Dothideomycetes
Hysteriales
Hysteriaceae
Hysterodifractum

description: Hysterodifractum D.A.C. Almeida, Gusmão & A.N. Mill., gen. nov. MycoBank MB 807155
Hysterodifractum differs from all other genera in the Hysteriaceae in having ascospores that disarticulate into part-spores when mature.
Type species:— Hysterodifractum partisporum D.A.C. Almeida, Gusmão & A.N. Mill.
Etymology:—From Latin Hystero - referring to the hysterothecium type of ascomata, and difractum, referring to the ascospores disarticulating into part-spores.
Hysterothecia superficial, black, carbonaceous, navicular, straight or sometimes flexuous, with a longitudinal slit, smooth or slightly striated laterally, gregarious, lying at irregular angles. Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, apically branched, forming an epithecium above the asci. Asci bitunicate, cylindrical, 8-spored, uniseriate to irregularly biseriate. Ascospores pale brown, fusiform, smooth, disarticulating into part-spores.
description: Published as part of Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati & Miller, Andrew Nicholas, 2014, A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil, pp. 298-308 in Phytotaxa 176 (1) on page 304, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, http://zenodo.org/record/5144481
A cross-country comparison of compensation mechanisms for distributed photovoltaics in the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam
Creators: name: Tongsopit, Sopitsuda
name: Kittner, Noah
name: Saelim, Supawan
name: Junlakarn, Siripha
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2021

description:
Globally, policies designed for high penetration of distributed photovoltaics (DPV) primarily have shifted from mainly encouraging investment through subsidies to addressing equity and stakeholder concerns on retail tariffs and utility revenue impacts. Net metering and feed-in tariffs now serve as the main policy mechanisms to support distributed PV in the U.S. and Europe, although modifications are ongoing to alleviate concerns over consumer inequity and the financial health of utilities. Retail tariff design and utility revenue impacts are now at the forefront of the debate for ASEAN countries formulating new policies and incentives for PV deployment. This paper discusses experiences of DPV development in the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. These countries have ongoing efforts to adjust their DPV programs to match a rapidly dynamic and evolving DPV market and incorporate new technology capabilities such as blockchain-based peer-to-peer solar energy trading platforms. The paper also presents a quantitative analysis of customer economics under various competing compensation mechanisms and analyzes the remaining barriers to DPV market expansion in these three countries. Net billing could achieve more economically equitable policy design for other Southeast Asian countries looking to make solar electricity broadly accessible for all.
Figure S8 from Controlling for baseline telomere length biases estimates of the rate of telomere attrition
Creators: name: Bateson, Melissa
name: Eisenberg, Dan T. A.
name: Nettle, Daniel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Assuming measurement error to be independent of LTL has no impact on the bias resulting from controlling for LTLb compared to Figure 2.
Tetranychus truncatus Ehara 1956
Creators: name: SEEMAN, OWEN D.
name: BEARD, JENNIFER J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Tetranychidae
Tetranychus
Tetranychus truncatus

description: Tetranychus truncatus Ehara, 1956
 (Fig. 31)
 Type specimens examined, Japan: Holotype male, Suginami, Tokyo, 12.x.1954, G. Ishii and S. Ehara, ex Mulberry Morus sp. (Moraceae). Paratypes, 2 females, same data as holotype. Holotype in ZIHU, paratypes in HUM (see Ehara et al. 2009).
description: Published as part of SEEMAN, OWEN D. & BEARD, JENNIFER J., 2011, Identification of exotic pest and Australian native and naturalised species of Tetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae), pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 2961 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2961.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10095728
Do FDI inflows and energy price affect the food import dependency in developing countries? Evidence from panel VAR Models
Creators: name: Ben Slimane, Mehdi
name: Huchet-Bourdon, Marilyne
name: Zitouna, Habib
name: Ben Slimane, Mehdi
name: Huchet-Bourdon, Marilyne
name: Zitouna, Habib
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: FDI
subject: energy price
subject: food security
subject: Panel VAR
subject: developing countries
subject: food import dependency

description: The ability of a country to import food depends on several factors. Considering food security as a priority issue, we focus in this paper on the FDI inflows and the energy price as determinants of food import dependency. Indeed, on the one hand FDI as a substitute/complement to trade flows could impact the depending nation. On the other hand, energy price affects production and transport costs, thereby impacting international trade in food productions. To investigate this relationship, we follow the methodology of Love and Zicchino (2006) by estimating a panel vector autoregressive model (PVAR) of 40 developing countries for the period between 1990 and 2012. The panel is split into two sub-samples. We found that FDI inflows explain food import dependency in low and lower middle-income countries and the energy price proxy influences food import dependency in upper-middle income countries. The impulse response functions’ results are close to those from panel VAR, where an increase in FDI inflows or in energy price leads to more food import dependency in low and lower-middle income countries or in upper-middle income countries, respectively.
The Flavour Hierarchy and See-Saw Neutrinos from Bulk Masses in 5d Orbifold GUTs
Creators: name: Hebecker, Arthur
name: March-Russell, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In supersymmetric grand unified theories (GUTs) based on S^1/(Z_2 x Z'_2) orbifold constructions in 5 dimensions, Standard Model (SM) matter and Higgs fields can be realized in terms of 5d hypermultiplets. These hypermultiplets can naturally have large bulk masses, leading to a localization of the zero modes at one of the two branes or to an exponential suppression of the mass of the lowest-lying non-zero mode. We demonstrate that these dynamical features allow for the construction of an elegant 3-generation SU(5) model in 5 dimensions that explains all the hierarchies between fermion masses and CKM matrix elements in geometrical terms. Moreover, if U(1)_χ(where SU(5) x U(1)_χ\subset SO(10)) is gauged in the bulk, but broken by the orbifold action at the SM brane, the right-handed neutrino mass scale is naturally suppressed relative to M_GUT. Together with our construction in the charged fermion sector this leads, via the usual see-saw mechanism, to a realistic light neutrino mass scale and large neutrino mixing angles.
description: 10 pages LaTeX, 1 figure. Minor comments and reference added. Version to be published in PLB
ELMAG 3.01: A three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of electromagnetic cascades on the extragalactic background light and in magnetic fields
Creators: name: Blytt, M.
name: Kachelriess, M.
name: Ostapchenko, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The version 3.01 of ELMAG, a Monte Carlo program for the simulation of electromagnetic cascades initiated by high-energy photons and electrons interacting with extragalactic background light (EBL), is presented. Pair production and inverse Compton scattering on EBL photons as well as synchrotron losses are implemented using weighted sampling of the cascade development. New features include, among others, the implementation of turbulent extragalactic magnetic fields and the calculation of three-dimensional electron and positron trajectories, solving the Lorentz force equation. As final result of the three-dimensional simulations, the program provides two-dimensional source images as function of the energy and the time delay of secondary cascade particles.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. v2: minor changes, to appear in CPC; arxiv version contains an addendum describing version 3.02 which includes plasma energy losses; program available at http://elmag.sourceforge.net
Evaluating long-term emission impacts of large-scale electric vehicle deployment in the US using a human-Earth systems model
Creators: name: Kittner, Noah
name: Ou, Yang
name: Babaee, Samaneh
name: Smith, Steven J
name: Loughlin, Daniel H
name: Nolte, Christopher G
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2021

description:
While large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) globally would reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and traditional air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector, emissions from the electric sector, refineries, and potentially other sources would change in response. Here, a multi-sector human-Earth systems model is used to evaluate the net long-term emission implications of large-scale EV adoption in the US over widely differing pathways of the evolution of the electric sector. Our results indicate that high EV adoption would decrease net CO2 emissions through 2050, even for a scenario where all electric sector capacity additions through 2050 are fossil fuel technologies. Greater net CO2 reductions would be realized for scenarios that emphasize renewables or decarbonization of electricity production. Net air pollutant emission changes in 2050 are relatively small compared to expected overall decreases from recent levels to 2050. States participating in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative experience greater CO2 and air pollutant reductions on a percentage basis. These results suggest that coordinated, multi-sector planning can greatly enhance the climate and environmental benefits of EVs. Additional factors are identified that influence the net emission impacts of EVs, including the retirement of coal capacity, refinery operations under reduced gasoline demands, and price-induced fuel switching in residential heating and in the industrial sector.
Shear Stress Correlations in Hard and Soft Sphere Fluids
Creators: name: Dufty, James W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shear stress autocorrelation function has been studied recently by molecular dynamics simulation using the 1/q^n potential for very large n. The results are analyzed and interpreted here by comparing them to the shear stress response function for hard spheres. It is shown that the hard sphere response function has a singular contribution and that this is reproduced accurately by the simulations for large n. A simple model for the stress autocorrelation function at finite n is proposed, based on the required hard sphere limiting form.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures; submitted for special issue of Molecular Physics
title: Isotope shift measurements in Ti+ transitions using laser-ablated and thermalized ions
Creators: name: Ratajczyk, Tim
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2022

description: Collinear laser spectroscopy has been used for many years to investigate atomic and nuclear properties with high precision all over the nuclear chart. It will be increasingly used at in-flight facilities like FRIB and FAIR to study short-lived isotopes of refractory metals and transition metals that have not been investigated so far due to the limited availability at ISOL facilities. In this work a versatile and compact ion source has been developed that is able to produce ions from a wide range of elements and in particular from the transition metals. It will serve for preparatory work on such ion beams and as a source for reference measurements of stable isotopes during on-line campaigns. Ions are produced by laser ablation inside a buffer gas cell and then extracted through a compact RF-only funnel and an RF+DC buncher into high-vacuum conditions. The new ion source was tested and benchmarked at the Collinear Apparatus for Laser Spectroscopy and Applied Science (COALA) at TU Darmstadt. Its functionality has been demonstrated for calcium, titanium, iron, and copper ions, for which beams with sufficient intensity are produced. Typical average ion currents between 3 and 20 pA at the optical detection region were established at 100 Hz ablation rate. However, unexpectedly large amounts of material ejection onto the funnel electrodes limited the operation time for some materials (Ca, Fe) to a few hours, while for others (Cu, Ti) the source operated for several days. Laser spectroscopy in the D1 transition of Ca+ ions was used to benchmark the ion source and, a linewidth of about 60 MHz with an insignificant drift of the center frequency within the ion bunch duration was demonstrated, competitive with surface ion sources and outperforming other laser ablation sources. As a first application of the ion source, collinear laser spectroscopy was performed on three J → J + 1 transitions of the 3d2(3F)4s 4F_J → 3d2(3F)4p 4G_J′ fine-structure multiplett in Ti+ ions for all five stable isotopes. Isotope shifts were extracted with precision between 1 and 2 MHz. Those are required to model lineshapes in astronomical investigations of absorption lines in quasar spectra to search for variations of the fine-structure constant in early times of our universe. Measurements of the hyperfine structure of the stable odd-isotopes proved that the J = 3/2 → J′ = 5/2 transition is the best choice for on-line collinear laser spectroscopy measurements planned at FRIB, since all hyperfine lines are separated. Finally, the mass-shift factor and the field shift factor were extracted, which are crucial for the extraction of nuclear charge radii from online measurements of short lived nuclei.
Production of pi^+-, K^+-, p and p-bar in Quark, Antiquark and Gluon Jets
Creators: name: Kang, Hyejoo
name: collaboration, representing the SLD
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of identified charged hadron production over a wide momentum range using the SLD Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector. In addition to studying particle production in flavor-inclusive Z^0 decays, we compare the production in decays into light, c and b flavor events. We also examine particle production in gluon jets with that in light quark jets. The jet flavors are selected by using displaced vertex information.
description: 4 pages,4 figures, Moriond-QCD and High Energy Hadronic Interactions
Equations S1-S4 from Controlling for baseline telomere length biases estimates of the rate of telomere attrition
Creators: name: Bateson, Melissa
name: Eisenberg, Dan T. A.
name: Nettle, Daniel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Mathematical proof that mΔLTL is negatively related to LTL measurement error at baseline.
SocNav1: A Dataset to Benchmark and Learn Social Navigation Conventions
Creators: name: Manso, Luis J.
name: Nunez, Pedro
name: Calderita, Luis V.
name: Faria, Diego R.
name: Bachiller, Pilar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Adapting to social conventions is an unavoidable requirement for the acceptance of assistive and social robots. While the scientific community broadly accepts that assistive robots and social robot companions are unlikely to have widespread use in the near future, their presence in health-care and other medium-sized institutions is becoming a reality. These robots will have a beneficial impact in industry and other fields such as health care. The growing number of research contributions to social navigation is also indicative of the importance of the topic. To foster the future prevalence of these robots, they must be useful, but also socially accepted. The first step to be able to actively ask for collaboration or permission is to estimate whether the robot would make people feel uncomfortable otherwise, and that is precisely the goal of algorithms evaluating social navigation compliance. Some approaches provide analytic models, whereas others use machine learning techniques such as neural networks. This data report presents and describes SocNav1, a dataset for social navigation conventions. The aims of SocNav1 are two-fold: a) enabling comparison of the algorithms that robots use to assess the convenience of their presence in a particular position when navigating; b) providing a sufficient amount of data so that modern machine learning algorithms such as deep neural networks can be used. Because of the structured nature of the data, SocNav1 is particularly well-suited to be used to benchmark non-Euclidean machine learning algorithms such as Graph Neural Networks (see [1]). The dataset has been made available in a public repository.
Direct-selling farming and urban externalities: what impact on products quality and market size?
Creators: name: Fournier, Anne
name: Fournier, Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: direct-selling farming
subject: spatial heterogeneity
subject: urban pollution
subject: city size

description: In this paper, we study how the proximity to cities affects the decision of farmers to enter the direct-selling market in presence of spatial heterogeneity in agricultural yields. We develop a theoretical model which takes into account the externality of urban pollution and market access costs on direct-selling profits. We find that regions hosting an intermediate-size city are more likely to supply a wider range of direct-selling varieties. Additionally, we highlight that spatial heterogeneity in productivity creates distortions in competition between farmers, and can have concomitant undesired effects on both the quality and the range of available varieties.
Joint strategic energy and river basin planning to reduce dam impacts on rivers in Myanmar
Creators: name: Kammen, Daniel M
name: Schmitt, Rafael J P
name: Kondolf, G Mathias
name: Kittner, Noah
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2021

description:
Tackling climate change and human development challenges will require major global investments in renewable energy systems, including possibly into large hydropower. Despite well-known impacts of hydropower dams, most renewable energy assessments neither account for externalities of hydropower nor evaluate possible strategic alternatives. Here we demonstrate how integrating energy systems modeling and strategic hydropower planning can resolve conflicts between renewable energy and dam impacts on rivers. We apply these tools to Myanmar, whose rivers are the last free-flowing rivers of Asia, and where business-as-usual (BAU) plans call for up to 40 GW of new hydropower. We present alternative energy futures that rely more on scalable wind and solar, and less on hydropower (6.7–10.3 GW) than the BAU. Reduced reliance on hydropower allows us to use river basin models to strategically design dam portfolios for minimized impact. Thus, our alternative futures result in greatly reduced impacts on rivers in terms of sediment trapping and habitat fragmentation, and result in lower system costs ($8.4 billion compared to $11.7 billion for the BAU). Our results highlight specific opportunities for Myanmar but also demonstrate global techno-ecological synergies between climate action, equitable human development and conservation of riparian ecosystems and livelihoods.