cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The hungry harvest : philanthropic science and the making of South Asia's Green Revolution, 1919–1964
Creators: name: Loveridge, Jack David
name: 0000-0001-5334-6185
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Green Revolution
subject: India
subject: Pakistan
subject: Nutrition
subject: Development
subject: Hunger
subject: Agriculture
subject: Eugenics
subject: Maize
subject: Wheat
subject: Rice
subject: Fertility
subject: Seeds
subject: Population
subject: Reproduction
subject: FOS: Medical biotechnology
subject: Philanthropy
subject: Rockefeller
subject: Ford
subject: FAO
subject: WHO
subject: World Bank

description: This dissertation examines how international development agencies and American philanthropic organization collaborated with the new Indian and Pakistani states in undertaking unprecedented interventions in the agricultural and nutritional sciences after Partition in 1947 and into the early years of the Cold War. Contrasting with existing scholarship on the changes that swept the world food economy in the mid-twentieth century, my work uncovers the linkages between late colonial and post-independence understandings of famine, population growth, and economic development in South Asia. I propose a broader framing of the Green Revolution of the 1960s, examining the resonance of eugenic theories within population control efforts and tensions between the nutritional and agricultural sciences through decolonization. To that end, I track the influence of the Rockefeller and Ford foundations, the Population Council, and UN agencies, such as the WHO and the FAO, in inaugurating programs of rural development, nutritional research, and resource management. I argue that efforts led by Indian nationalists, British colonial officials, and American philanthropists in the context of the global population 'crisis' of the 1940s and 1950s generated scientific institutions, networks, and ideas vital to the later Green Revolution.
Structure and expression of GP63 genes in Leishmania major
Creators: name: Voth, Bevan Raymond
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Leishmania are protozoan pathogens responsible for the human disease known as leishmaniasis. Leishmania parasites alternate between an insect promastigote stage and an amastigote stage found in infected macrophage cells of mammalian hosts. The major surface protein found on promastigotes is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 63 kDa and is referred to as GP63. Restriction map analysis of genes encoding GP63 in Leishmania major indicate that GP63 is encoded by five conserved tandemly repeated genes and a less conserved sixth gene separated from the five repeats. In this study, DNA sequence analysis of the sixth gene of the L. major gp63 locus indicated that this gene encodes a different form of GP63 with an extended carboxy terminus in comparison to GP63 encoded by gene one¹. Northern blot analysis of gp63 expression in L. major demonstrated that L. major gp63-1 is expressed in the promastigote stage whereas L. major gp63-6 is expressed in both the promastigote and intracellular amastigote stage. Furthermore, L. donovani promastigotes transfected with L. major gp63-6 were shown to express GP63 as a surface protein in FACScan analysis using an L. major specific anti-GP63 antibody suggesting that L. major GP63-6 is expressed as surface protein in promastigotes. [Footnote] ‘L. major gp63 gene 6 will be referred to as L. major gp63-6 hereafter with lowercase italicized gp63-6 representing the DNA. Uppercase unitalicized GP63-6 will refer to the protein. Likewise, L. major gp63 gene 1 will be referred to as L. major gp63-1 while the protein will be represented by L. major GP63-1.
Polycrystal plasticity with grain boundary evolution: A numerically efficient dislocation-based diffuse-interface model
Creators: name: He, Junyan
name: Admal, Nikhil Chandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.6.5
subject: 74C20, 74B20, 74E15, 74E25, 74S05

description: Grain structure plays a key role in the mechanical properties of alloy materials. Engineering the grain structure requires a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of grain boundaries (GBs) when a material is subjected to various manufacturing processes. To this end, we present a computationally efficient framework to describe the co-evolution of bulk plasticity and GBs. We represent GBs as diffused geometrically necessary dislocations, whose evolution describes GB plasticity. Under this representation, the evolution of GBs and bulk plasticity is described in unison using the evolution equation for the plastic deformation gradient, an equation central to classical crystal plasticity theories. To reduce the number of degrees of freedom, we present a procedure which combines the governing equations for each slip rates into a set of governing equations for the plastic deformation gradient. Finally, we outline a method to introduce a synthetic potential to drive migration of a flat GB. Three numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the model. First, a scaling test is used to demonstrate the computational efficiency of our framework. Second, we study the evolution of a tricrystal, formed by embedding a circular grain into a bicrystal, and demonstrate qualitative agreement between the predictions of our model and those of molecular dynamics simulations by Trautt and Mishin (2014). Finally, we demonstrate the effect of applied loading in texture evolution by simulating the evolution of a synthetic polycrystal under applied displacements.
The in-medium $\bar K N$ interaction within a chiral unitary approach
Creators: name: Tolos, Laura
name: Ramos, Angels
name: Oset, Eulogio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The s- and p-wave contributions to the $\bar K N$ interaction in dense nuclear matter are obtained using a chiral unitary approach. We perform a self-consistent calculation of the $\bar K$ self-energy including Pauli blocking effects, meson self-energies modified by short-range correlations and baryon binding potentials. We find that the on-shell factorization cannot be applied to evaluate the in-medium corrections to p-wave amplitudes. Furthermore, the $Λ$ and $Σ$ develop a mass shift of -30 MeV at saturation density while the $Σ^*$ width increases to 80 MeV. We conclude that no deep and narrow $\bar K$ bound states could be observed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the Yukawa International Seminar (YKIS2006) on "New Frontiers on QCD", Kyoto, Japan, November 20-December 8, 2006
Δίκτυα χρονοσειρών από ανίχνευση θεματικών συζητήσεων και παρακολούθηση τους:
Creators: name: Δημητριάδης, Γεώργιος Ευσταθίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Χρονοσειρές
Ανίχνευση θεματικών συζητήσεων
Μετοχή
Eurobank
Γλωσσολογική ανάλυση
Διασυσχέτιση
Αιτιότητα Granger
Time series
Topic detection
Stock
Linguistic analysis
Cross correlation
Granger causality index

description: Στην παρούσα διπλωματική γίνεται μία πρώτη προσπάθεια ανίχνευσης της σχέσης των τιμών των μετοχών στο χρηματιστήριο με τις συζητήσεις που καταγράφονται στο διαδίκτυο. Για το σκοπό αυτό επιλέχθηκε μία εταιρεία εισηγμένη στο χρηματιστήριο και συγκεκριμένα η Eurobank. Έγινε γλωσσολογική ανάλυση των κειμένων του διαδικτύου και εξαγωγή σημαντικών όρων και φράσεων (θέματα συζήτησης). Για κάθε όρο/φράση έγινε καταγραφή των εμφανίσεων του στο διαδίκτυο ανά ημέρα. Οι όροι ομαδοποιήθηκαν με βάση διάφορους αλγορίθμους που εφαρμόστηκαν στο γλωσσολογικό δίκτυο. Κατόπιν μελετήθηκε η σχέση της χρονοσειράς της τιμής της μετοχής της Eurobank με τις χρονοσειρές των όρων/φράσεων/θεμάτων συζήτησης. Τα μέτρα που εφαρμόστηκαν είναι το μέτρο της διασυσχέτισης και της αιτιότητας Granger.
description: This thesis is a first attempt for the detection of the relationship of prices in the stock market with the discussions/topics recorded online on the web. For this purpose we selected one company namely Eurobank. We have done a linguistic analysis of the text collected from the Internet and we extracted important terms and phrases ( topics ) . For each word / phrase we have recorded the number of appearances on the web for every day. The terms are grouped according to various algorithms implemented in the linguistic network . Then we studied the relationship between the time series of the stock price of Eurobank with the time series of terms / phrases / topics . The measures adopted are the measure of cross-correlation and the Granger causality index.
The imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential from real-time Yang-Mills dynamics
Creators: name: Boguslavski, Kirill
name: Kasmaei, Babak S.
name: Strickland, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extract the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential using classical-statistical simulations of real-time Yang-Mills dynamics in classical thermal equilibrium. The $r$-dependence of the imaginary part of the potential is extracted by measuring the temporal decay of Wilson loops of spatial length $r$. We compare our results to continuum expressions obtained using hard thermal loop theory and to semi-analytic lattice perturbation theory calculations using the hard classical loop formalism. We find that, when plotted as a function of $m_D r$, where $m_D$ is the hard classical loop Debye mass, the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential shows little sensitivity to the lattice spacing at small $m_D r \lesssim 1$ and agrees well with the semi-analytic hard classical loop result. For large quark-antiquark separations, we quantify the magnitude of the non-perturbative long-range corrections to the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential. We present our results for a wide range of temperatures, lattice spacings, and lattice volumes. This work sets the stage for extracting the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential in an expanding non-equilibrium Yang Mills plasma.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; v2 - major revision, published version
IZw18, or the picture of Dorian Gray: the more you watch it, the older it gets
Creators: name: Tosi, M.
name: Aloisi, A.
name: Mack, J.
name: Maio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IZw18 has been recurrently claimed to be a young galaxy, but stars of increasingly older ages are found every time deeper magnitude levels are reached with high-resolution photometry: from the original few Myrs to, possibly, several Gyrs. We summarize the history of IZw18's age and an HST project which will allow us to derive both its distance and age.
description: 2 pages, 3 figs, needs iaus.cls. Proceedings of the IAU Symp. 235 "Galaxies across the Hubble Time", held in Prague in August 2006, F. Combes and J. Palous eds
Η αυτοκτονία ως πρόβλημα της φιλοσοφίας:
Creators: name: Παυλίδου, Δέσποινα Κωνσταντίνου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Αυτοκτονία
subject: Ηθική
subject: Φιλοσοφία
subject: Suicide
subject: Ethics
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Στην παρούσα εργασία εξετάζεται το ζήτημα της αυτοκτονίας ως πρόβλημα της φιλοσοφίας, με απώτερο σκοπό την ανάδειξη ενός ηθικού προβληματισμού που ταλαντεύεται ανάμεσα στο δικαίωμα και την ελευθερία αυτής της πράξης, χωρίς να υφίσταται τις συνέπειες της αποδοκιμασίας (οποιασδήποτε μορφής). Έτσι, αποδεικνύεται αναπόφευκτος ο φιλοσοφικός στοχασμός, ο οποίος διατρέχει ολόκληρη την εργασία και αποτελεί το μέσο και τον τρόπο προσέγγισης του ζητήματος. Επιπλέον, η εννοιολογική και φαινομενολογική πλευρά του θέματος, ως εισαγωγικό κεφάλαιο, κρίθηκαν αναγκαίες για την εξέταση της σε ψυχολογικό και κοινωνικό επίπεδο. Τέλος, οι βασικές θέσεις σημαντικών φιλοσόφων και φιλοσοφικών κινημάτων αποτέλεσαν μεταβατικό κεφάλαιο για την βαθύτερη μελέτη του ζητήματος από ηθικής/φιλοσοφικής πλευράς, καθώς εξετάζονται διάφορες τοποθετήσεις και κριτικές αναφορικά με την επιλογή της πράξης της αυτοκτονίας ως ηθικά έλλογης και δικαιολογημένης.
description: This paper examines the issue of suicide as a problem of philosophy, with a view to highlighting a moral reflection that oscillates between the right and freedom of this act, without suffering the consequences of disapproval (of any kind). Thus, it appears inevitable philosophical speculation, which runs through the entire work, and an instrument and how to approach the issue. Moreover, the conceptual and phenomenological aspect, as the introductory chapter, deemed necessary for the examination of psychological and social level. Finally, the basic positions of major philosophers and philosophical movements were transitional chapter for deeper study of the question of moral/philosophical side, and examined various placements and reviews regarding the selection of the act of suicide as morally rational and legitimate.
Semi-analytic integration for a parallel space-time boundary element method modeling the heat equation
Creators: name: Zapletal, Jan
name: Watschinger, Raphael
name: Of, Günther
name: Merta, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65N38, 35K05, 65Y05

description: The presented paper concentrates on the boundary element method (BEM) for the heat equation in three spatial dimensions. In particular, we deal with tensor product space-time meshes allowing for quadrature schemes analytic in time and numerical in space. The spatial integrals can be treated by standard BEM techniques known from three dimensional stationary problems. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, we provide temporal antiderivatives of the heat kernel necessary for the assembly of BEM matrices and the evaluation of the representation formula. Secondly, the presented approach has been implemented in a publicly available library besthea allowing researchers to reuse the formulae and BEM routines straightaway. The results are validated by numerical experiments in an HPC environment.
A Census Of Highly Symmetric Combinatorial Designs
Creators: name: Huber, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 51E10, Secondary 05B05, 20B25

description: As a consequence of the classification of the finite simple groups, it has been possible in recent years to characterize Steiner t-designs, that is t-(v,k,1) designs, mainly for t = 2, admitting groups of automorphisms with sufficiently strong symmetry properties. However, despite the finite simple group classification, for Steiner t-designs with t > 2 most of these characterizations have remained longstanding challenging problems. Especially, the determination of all flag-transitive Steiner t-designs with 2 < t < 7 is of particular interest and has been open for about 40 years (cf. [11, p. 147] and [12, p. 273], but presumably dating back to 1965). The present paper continues the author's work [20, 21, 22] of classifying all flag-transitive Steiner 3-designs and 4-designs. We give a complete classification of all flag-transitive Steiner 5-designs and prove furthermore that there are no non-trivial flag-transitive Steiner 6-designs. Both results rely on the classification of the finite 3-homogeneous permutation groups. Moreover, we survey some of the most general results on highly symmetric Steiner t-designs.
description: 26 pages; to appear in: "Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics"
Assessing surrogate endpoints in vaccine trials with case-cohort sampling and the Cox model
Creators: name: Qin, Li
name: Gilbert, Peter B.
name: Follmann, Dean
name: Li, Dongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assessing immune responses to study vaccines as surrogates of protection plays a central role in vaccine clinical trials. Motivated by three ongoing or pending HIV vaccine efficacy trials, we consider such surrogate endpoint assessment in a randomized placebo-controlled trial with case-cohort sampling of immune responses and a time to event endpoint. Based on the principal surrogate definition under the principal stratification framework proposed by Frangakis and Rubin [Biometrics 58 (2002) 21--29] and adapted by Gilbert and Hudgens (2006), we introduce estimands that measure the value of an immune response as a surrogate of protection in the context of the Cox proportional hazards model. The estimands are not identified because the immune response to vaccine is not measured in placebo recipients. We formulate the problem as a Cox model with missing covariates, and employ novel trial designs for predicting the missing immune responses and thereby identifying the estimands. The first design utilizes information from baseline predictors of the immune response, and bridges their relationship in the vaccine recipients to the placebo recipients. The second design provides a validation set for the unmeasured immune responses of uninfected placebo recipients by immunizing them with the study vaccine after trial closeout. A maximum estimated likelihood approach is proposed for estimation of the parameters. Simulated data examples are given to evaluate the proposed designs and study their properties.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOAS132 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Search for resonances decaying into photon pairs in 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for new resonances in the diphoton final state, with spin 0 as predicted by theories with an extended Higgs sector and with spin 2 using a warped extra-dimension benchmark model, are presented using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV $pp$ collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. No significant deviation from the Standard Model is observed and upper limits are placed on the production cross-section times branching ratio to two photons as a function of the resonance mass.
description: 33 pages in total, author list starting page 17, 5 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2018-27
Reinforcement learning for proactive content caching in wireless networks
Creators: name: Somuyiwa, Samuel Olusegun
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Proactive content caching (PC) at the edge of wireless networks, that is, at the base stations (BSs) and/or user equipments (UEs), is a promising strategy to successfully handle the ever-growing mobile data traffic and to improve the quality-of-service for content delivery over wireless networks. However, factors such as limitations in storage capacity, time-variations in wireless channel conditions as well as in content demand profile pose challenges that need to be addressed in order to realise the benefits of PC at the wireless edge. This thesis aims to develop PC solutions that address these challenges. We consider PC directly at UEs equipped with finite capacity cache memories. This consideration is done within the framework of a dynamic system, where mobile users randomly request contents from a non-stationary content library; new contents are added to the library over time and each content may remain in the library for a random lifetime within which it may be requested. Contents are delivered through wireless channels with time-varying quality, and any time contents are transmitted, a transmission cost associated with the number of bits downloaded and the channel quality of the receiving user(s) at that time is incurred by the system. We formulate each considered problem as a Markov decision process with the objective of minimising the long term expected average cost on the system. We then use reinforcement learning (RL) to solve this highly challenging problem with a prohibitively large state and action spaces. In particular, we employ policy approximation techniques for compact representation of complex policy structures, and policy gradient RL methods to train the system. In a single-user problem setting that we consider, we show the optimality of a threshold-based PC scheme that is adaptive to system dynamics. We use this result to characterise and design a multicast-aware PC scheme, based on deep RL framework, when we consider a multi-user problem setting. We perform extensive numerical simulations of the schemes we propose. Our results show not only significant improvements against the state-of-the-art reactive content delivery approaches, but also near-optimality of the proposed RL solutions based on comparisons with some lower bounds.
The Lowest Mass White Dwarf
Creators: name: Kilic, Mukremin
name: Prieto, Carlos Allende
name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Koester, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extremely low mass white dwarfs are very rare objects likely formed in compact binary systems. We present MMT optical spectroscopy of 42 low mass white dwarf candidates serendipitously discovered in a survey for hypervelocity B-type stars. One of these objects, SDSS J0917+46, has Teff= 11,288 \pm 72 K and log g = 5.48 \pm 0.03; with an estimated mass of 0.17 M_sun, it is the lowest gravity/mass white dwarf currently known. However, 40 of the low mass candidates are normal DA white dwarfs with apparently inaccurate SDSS g magnitudes. We revisit the identification of low mass white dwarf candidates previously found in the SDSS, and conclude that four objects have M < 0.2 M_sun. None of these white dwarfs show excess emission from a binary companion, and radial velocity searches will be necessary to constrain the nature of the unseen companions.
description: ApJ, accepted version
Neighboring clusters in Bernoulli percolation
Creators: name: Timár, Adám
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82B43 (Primary) 60B99 (Secondary)

description: We consider Bernoulli percolation on a locally finite quasi-transitive unimodular graph and prove that two infinite clusters cannot have infinitely many pairs of vertices at distance 1 from one another or, in other words, that such graphs exhibit ``cluster repulsion.'' This partially answers a question of Häggström, Peres and Schonmann.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000485 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
MPEC 2024-T130 : 2024 TU2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TU2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Υπολογιστική μελέτη της κατανομής του ηλεκτρικού πεδίου κατά τον διακρανιακό ηλεκτρικό ερεθισμό του εγκεφάλου:
Creators: name: Αργυρίου, Δήμητρα Αθανασίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Πεπερασμένες διαφορές
Διακρανιακός ηλεκτρικός ερεθισμός
Ηλεκτροστατική
Finite differences
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Electrostatics

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η υπολογιστική μελέτη της κατανομής του ηλεκτρικού πεδίου κατά τον διακρανιακό ηλεκτρικό ερεθισμό του εγκεφάλου. Αρχικά αναφερόμαστε σε διάφορους σημαντικούς ιστούς του εγκεφάλου. Στην συνέχεια στην οργάνωση της μνήμης, στα στάδια του ύπνου και την σχέση του τελευταίου με την μνήμη. Προχωρώντας μελετάται ο διακρανιακός ηλεκτρικός ερεθισμός. Κατόπιν, γίνεται μια αναφορά στην ηλεκτρομαγνητική θεωρία και στις υπολογιστικές τεχνικές που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Συνεχίζοντας θα γνωρίσουμε τα μοντέλα μας. Το πρώτο είναι ένα απλοποιημένο μοντέλο του εγκεφάλου (πολυστρωματικό μοντέλο) και εν συνεχεία τα πραγματικά μοντέλα του Duke και της Ella. Τα τελευταία μελετώνται και σε μεγαλύτερες ηλικίες. Επίσης γίνεται μια μικρή αναφορά στο κλινικό πείραμα. Τέλος, ακολουθούν τα αποτελέσματα σε όλα τα μοντέλα και καταλήγουμε στα συμπεράσματα στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο.
description: The aim of this thesis is the computational study of the electrical field distribution during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Initially, the anatomy and the importance of some brain tissues are mentioned. In the following, the organization of memory, the stages of sleep and the relationship between sleep and memory are given. The method of transcranial direct current stimulation is then described. A brief reference to the electromagnetic theory and the computational techniques, which were used, follow. Finally, the computational models are described. The first is a simple brain model (stratified model) and two realistic human models of an adult man and an adult woman, named as Duke and Ella, from the Virtual Population project. The latter are also studied with dielectric properties corresponding to an older age. The clinical experiment, which is closely related to the present work, is also mentioned. Finally, the results of all models (percentage diagrams and pictures of electrical field distribution) are given and discussed. The last chapter contains the conclusions of the work.
Extremely broad Lyman-alpha line emission from the molecular intra-group medium in Stephan's Quintet: evidence for a turbulent cascade in a highly clumpy multi-phase medium?
Creators: name: Guillard, P.
name: Appleton, P. N
name: Boulanger, F.
name: Shull, J. M.
name: Lehnert, M. D.
name: Forets, G. Pineau des
name: Falgarone, E.
name: Cluver, M. E.
name: Xu, C. K.
name: Gallagher, S. C.
name: Duc, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origin Spectrograph (COS) UV line spectroscopy and integral-field unit (IFU) observations of the intra-group medium in Stephan's Quintet (SQ). SQ hosts a 30 kpc long shocked ridge triggered by a galaxy collision at a relative velocity of 1000 km/s, where large amounts of molecular gas coexist with a hot, X-ray emitting, plasma. COS spectroscopy at five positions sampling the diverse environments of the SQ intra-group medium reveals very broad (2000 km/s) Ly$α$ line emission with complex line shapes. The Ly$α$ line profiles are similar to or much broader than those of H$β$, [CII]$\lambda157.7μ$m and CO~(1-0) emission. The extreme breadth of the Ly$α$ emission, compared with H$β$, implies resonance scattering within the observed structure. Scattering indicates that the neutral gas of the intra-group medium is clumpy, with a significant surface covering factor. We observe significant variations in the Ly$α$/H$β$ flux ratio between positions and velocity components. From the mean line ratio averaged over positions and velocities, we estimate the effective escape fraction of Ly$α$ photons to be 10-30%. Remarkably, over more than four orders of magnitude in temperature, the powers radiated by X-rays, Ly$α$, H$_2$, [CII] are comparable within a factor of a few, assuming that the ratio of the Ly$α$ to H$_2$ fluxes over the whole shocked intra-group medium stay in line with those observed at those five positions. Both shocks and mixing layers could contribute to the energy dissipation associated with a turbulent energy cascade. Our results may be relevant for the cooling of gas at high redshifts, where the metal content is lower than in this local system, and a high amplitude of turbulence is more common.
description: 17 pages, 6 Figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. Updated to match accepted version
MPEC 2024-T131 : 2024 TV2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TV2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A Hybrid Semi-Lagrangian Cut Cell Method for Advection-Diffusion Problems with Robin Boundary Conditions in Moving Domains
Creators: name: Barrett, Aaron
name: Fogelson, Aaron L.
name: Griffith, Boyce E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a new discretization for advection-diffusion problems with Robin boundary conditions on complex time-dependent domains. The method is based on second order cut cell finite volume methods introduced by Bochkov et al. to discretize the Laplace operator and Robin boundary condition. To overcome the small cell problem, we use a splitting scheme that uses a semi-Lagrangian method to treat advection. We demonstrate second order accuracy in the $L^1$, $L^2$, and $L^\infty$ norms for both analytic test problems and numerical convergence studies. We also demonstrate the ability of the scheme to handle conversion of one concentration field to another across a moving boundary.
On the strong energy dependence of the e^+e^- to ppbar amplitude near threshold
Creators: name: Haidenbauer, J.
name: Hammer, H. -W.
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
name: Sibirtsev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the energy dependence of the e^+e^- to ppbar cross section close to the two-nucleon threshold, recently reported by the BaBar collaboration. Our analysis also includes the pbarp to e^+e^- data collected by PS170 collaboration and the e^+e^- to NNbar data from the FENICE collaboration. We show that the near-threshold enhancement in the e^+e^- to ppbar cross section can be explained by the final-state interaction between proton and antiproton in the 3S1 partial wave, utilizing the Juelich nucleon-antinucleon model. As a consequence, the strong dependence of the proton electromagnetic form factors on the momentum transfer close to the two-nucleon threshold is presumably also driven by this final-state interaction effect. This result is in line with our previous studies of the near-threshold enhancement of the ppbar invariant mass spectrum seen in the J/Psi to gamma ppbar decay by the BES collaboration and in the B+ to ppbar K+ decay by the BaBar collaboration.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, Fig. 2 modified, conclusions unchanged
Ανοσοποιητικά συστήματα ασφαλείας στο διαδίκτυο:
Creators: name: Ιωαννίδου, Μαρία Αναστασίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Ανοσοποιητικά συστήματα
Δικτυακά μοτίβα
Online κοινωνικά δίκτυα
Immune systems
Network motifs
Online social networks

description: Τα online κοινωνικά δίκτυα αποτελούν σήμερα αναμφίβολα τη πλέον διαδεδομένη μορφή δικτύων στον παγκόσμιο ιστό και διαθέτοντας ήδη εκρηκτικό αριθμό χρηστών προσελκύουν διαρκώς περισσότερους. Η ασφάλεια των προσωπικών δεδομένων του κάθε χρήστη είναι στο στόχαστρο κακόβουλων επιθέσεων που επιχειρούν να άρουν την ιδιωτικότητα εκμεταλλευόμενοι σημεία εγγενών αδυναμιών των εν λόγω δικτύων. Τα τεχνητά ανοσοποιητικά συστήματα από την άλλη μεριά προσομοιάζουν αρχές και λειτουργίες των βιολογικών ανοσοποιητικών συστημάτων με εφαρμογές που πληθαίνουν αργά αλλά σταθερά τα τελευταία είκοσι χρόνια, ωστόσο ακόμα δεν έχουν εισχωρήσει αισθητά στο ερευνητικό προσκήνιο που αφορά στην ασφάλεια των online κοινωνικών δικτύων. Στην παρούσα εργασία σκιαγραφούμε μία απόπειρα καταστρατήγησης της ιδιωτικότητας χρηστών ενός online κοινωνικού δικτύου και επιχειρούμε να περιγράψουμε μεθόδους αντιμετώπισής της δανειζόμενοι έννοιες και τεχνικές από τα ανοσοποιητικά συστήματα.
description: Online social networks are today undoubtedly the most popular type of networks on the World Wide Web and being comprised already by an explosive number of users, they keep attracting even more. The security of every user’s private data has become the target of malicious attacks attempting to compromise privacy by taking advantage of weaknesses inherent in this type of networks. On the other hand, artificial immune systems emulate principles and functions of the biological immune systems with their applications becoming wider in a slow but steady pace, but they have not yet entered the research foreground in terms of online social networks security. In this project we describe an attack that compromises user privacy in an online social network and we attempt to outline countermeasures borrowing terms and techniques from the immune systems.
Reciprocity and the Emergence of Power Laws in Social Networks
Creators: name: Schnegg, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Research in network science has shown that many naturally occurring and technologically constructed networks are scale free, that means a power law degree distribution emerges from a growth model in which each new node attaches to the existing network with a probability proportional to its number of links (=degree). Little is known about whether the same principles of local attachment and global properties apply to societies as well. Empirical evidence from six ethnographic case studies shows that complex social networks have significantly lower scaling exponents gamma ~ 1 than have been assumed in the past. Apparently humans do not only look for the most prominent players to play with. Moreover cooperation in humans is characterized through reciprocity, the tendency to give to those from whom one has received in the past. Both variables -- reciprocity and the scaling exponent -- are negatively correlated ($r=-0.767, sig=0.075$). If we include this effect in simulations of growing networks, degree distributions emerge that are much closer to those empirically observed. While the proportion of nodes with small degrees decreases drastically as we introduce reciprocity, the scaling exponent is more robust and changes only when a relatively large proportion of attachment decisions follow this rule. If social networks are less scale free than previously assumed this has far reaching implications for policy makers, public health programs and marketing alike.
description: For Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 17, issue 8; 11 pages
MPEC 2024-T132 : 2024 TW2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TW2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Neutrino absorption and other physics dependencies in neutrino-cooled black-hole accretion disks
Creators: name: Just, Oliver
name: Goriely, Stephane
name: Janka, Hans-Thomas
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
name: Bauswein, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black-hole (BH) accretion disks formed in compact-object mergers or collapsars may be major sites of the rapid-neutron-capture (r-)process, but the conditions determining the electron fraction (Y_e) remain uncertain given the complexity of neutrino transfer and angular-momentum transport. After discussing relevant weak-interaction regimes, we study the role of neutrino absorption for shaping Y_e using an extensive set of simulations performed with two-moment neutrino transport and again without neutrino absorption. We vary the torus mass, BH mass and spin, and examine the impact of rest-mass and weak-magnetism corrections in the neutrino rates. We also test the dependence on the angular-momentum transport treatment by comparing axisymmetric models using the standard alpha-viscosity with viscous models assuming constant viscous length scales (l_t) and three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. Finally, we discuss the nucleosynthesis yields and basic kilonova properties. We find that absorption pushes Y_e towards ~0.5 outside the torus, while inside increasing the equilibrium value Y_e^eq by ~0.05-0.2. Correspondingly, a substantial ejecta fraction is pushed above Y_e=0.25, leading to a reduced lanthanide fraction and a brighter, earlier, and bluer kilonova than without absorption. More compact tori with higher neutrino optical depth, tau, tend to have lower Y_e^eq up to tau~1-10, above which absorption becomes strong enough to reverse this trend. Disk ejecta are less (more) neutron-rich when employing an l_t=const. viscosity (MHD treatment). The solar-like abundance pattern found for our MHD model marginally supports collapsar disks as major r-process sites, although a strong r-process may be limited to phases of high mass-infall rates, Mdot>~ 2 x 10^(-2) Msun/s.
description: 37 pages, 22 figures, 5 tables, accepted to MNRAS, minor changes compared to previous version
Wave zone in the Hořava-Lifshitz theory at the kinetic-conformal point in the low energy regime
Creators: name: Mestra-Páez, Jarvin
name: Peña, Joselen
name: Restuccia, Alvaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in the Hořava-Lifshitz theory at the kinetic-conformal point, in the low energy regime, a wave zone for asymptotically flat fields can be consistently defined. In it, the physical degrees of freedom, the transverse traceless tensorial modes, satisfy a linear wave equation. The Newtonian contributions, among which there are terms which manifestly break the relativistic invariance, are non-trivial but do not obstruct the free propagation (radiation) of the physical degrees of freedom. For an appropriate value of the couplings of the theory, the wave equation becomes the relativistic one in agreement with the propagation of the gravitational radiation in the wave zone of General Relativity. Previously to the wave zone analysis, and in general grounds, we obtain the physical Hamiltonian of the Hořava-Lifshitz theory at the kinetic-conformal point in the constrained submanifold. We determine the canonical physical degrees of freedom in a particular coordinate system. They are well defined fuctions of the transverse-traceless modes of the metric and coincide with them in the wave zone and also at linearized level.
description: New comments and references have been added to the introduction. 7 pages
Hyperparameter Optimization Is Deceiving Us, and How to Stop It
Creators: name: Cooper, A. Feder
name: Lu, Yucheng
name: Forde, Jessica Zosa
name: De Sa, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent empirical work shows that inconsistent results based on choice of hyperparameter optimization (HPO) configuration are a widespread problem in ML research. When comparing two algorithms J and K searching one subspace can yield the conclusion that J outperforms K, whereas searching another can entail the opposite. In short, the way we choose hyperparameters can deceive us. We provide a theoretical complement to this prior work, arguing that, to avoid such deception, the process of drawing conclusions from HPO should be made more rigorous. We call this process epistemic hyperparameter optimization (EHPO), and put forth a logical framework to capture its semantics and how it can lead to inconsistent conclusions about performance. Our framework enables us to prove EHPO methods that are guaranteed to be defended against deception, given bounded compute time budget t. We demonstrate our framework's utility by proving and empirically validating a defended variant of random search.
description: To appear, NeurIPS 2021
MPEC 2024-T133 : 2024 TX2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TX2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Primary decompositions in varieties of commutative diassociative loops
Creators: name: Kinyon, Michael K.
name: Vojtechovsky, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20N05

description: The decomposition theorem for torsion abelian groups holds analogously for torsion commutative diassociative loops. With this theorem in mind, we investigate commutative diassociative loops satisfying the additional condition (trivially satisfied in the abelian group case) that all $n$th powers are central, for a fixed $n$. For $n=2$, we get precisely commutative $C$ loops. For $n=3$, a prominent variety is that of commutative Moufang loops. Many analogies between commutative C and Moufang loops have been noted in the literature, often obtained by interchanging the role of the primes 2 and 3. We show that the correct encompassing variety for these two classes of loops is the variety of commutative RIF loops. In particular, when $Q$ is a commutative RIF loop: all squares in $Q$ are Moufang elements, all cubes are $C$ elements, Moufang elements of $Q$ form a normal subloop $M_0(Q)$ such that $Q/M_0(Q)$ is a C loop of exponent 2 (a Steiner loop), C elements of $L$ form a normal subloop $C_0(Q)$ such that $Q/C_0(Q)$ is a Moufang loop of exponent 3. Since squares (resp. cubes) are central in commutative C (resp. Moufang) loops, it follows that $Q$ modulo its center is of exponent 6. Returning to the decomposition theorem, we find that every torsion, commutative RIF loop is a direct product of a C 2-loop, a Moufang 3-loop, and an abelian group with each element of order prime to 6. We also discuss Moufang elements, and a class of quasigroups associated with commutative RIF loops.
description: 13 pages, amsart
Διαφορές στην κατανομή του υποδόριου σωματικού λίπους μεταξύ της αριστερής και δεξιάς πλευράς του σώματος στον προσθιοπίσθιο άξονα σε ενήλικα υπέρβαρα άτομα : Διερεύνηση του ρόλου της πλευρίωσης:
Creators: name: Καρελάνη, Αθηνά Αθανασίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: εγκέφαλος και παχυσαρκία
προτίμηση χεριού
εγκεφαλική ασυμμετρία
brain and obesity
hand preference
laterality

description: Ευρήματα από μελέτες ασθενών που παρουσίασαν διατροφικές διαταραχές και αύξηση βάρους μετά από τραυματισμό/βλάβη στον προμετωπιαίο φλοιό του δεξιού εγκεφαλικού ημισφαιρίου, καταδεικνύουν τη συγκεκριμένη περιοχή να έχει σημαντικό ρόλο στη γνωστική διαδικασία πρόσληψης τροφής και κεντρικό σημείο στην αιτιολογία της ανθρώπινης παχυσαρκίας. Σε έρευνες που έχουν διερευνήσει την κατανομή λιπώδους μάζας στα δυο φύλα έχει φανεί ότι αυτή συμβάλλει σε μεγαλύτερο ή μικρότερο κίνδυνο στην υγεία του ανθρώπου, ανάλογα με την περιοχή υψηλότερης εναπόθεσης λίπους στο σώμα γι ΄ αυτό και έχει μεγάλη σημασία ο καθορισμός αυτών των σημείων αλλά και της υπεύθυνης περιοχής του εγκεφάλου που ρυθμίζει αυτή τη διαδικασία. Με την παρούσα μελέτη διερευνάται η κατανομή λιπώδους μάζας στην αριστερή και δεξιά πλευρά του σώματος και η σύνδεσή της με τον δείκτη προτίμησης χεριού. Το δείγμα αποτελούν 18 εθελόντριες μέσης χρονικής ηλικίας 33,5 ετών με μέσο όρο Δείκτη Μάζας σώματος 29,05 χωρίς δευτεροπαθή προβλήματα υγείας ,οι οποίες υποβλήθηκαν σε μετρήσεις λιπώδους σωματικής μάζας με τη βοήθεια του D.E.X.A (Διπλής Ενέργειας Φωτονιακή Απορροφησιομέτρηση) για τους σκοπούς της έρευνας. Βρέθηκε σημαντική διαφορά στην κατανομή λιπώδους μάζας στην αριστερή και δεξιά πλευρά του σώματος, με την πρώτη να υπερτερεί, εικάζεται ότι αυτή η διαφοροποίηση συνδέεται με την εγκεφαλική ασυμμετρία και ειδικότερα με το δείκτη της, προτίμηση χεριού.
description: Several lines of evidence from the study of patients observed with eating disorders and weight gain after brain damage, suggest a crucial role of the prefrontal cortex, especially in the right hemisphere, as a critical area involved in the cognitive control of food intake and a central event in the etiology of human obesity. Research, concerning the investigation of body fat distribution in both sexes converge on higher or lower risk in human health depending on the area fat is accumulated. As a consequence of that, determination of regional body fat adiposity as well as the brain area responsible for this procedure is of great importance. Aim of the present study is the investigation of body fat distribution in both sides of the body and the connection with laterality and hand preference in particular.18 volunteer women having no secondary health problems, with mean age 33,5 and BMI 29,5 were subjected to DEXA scans (Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry) for the aims of the study. Our data showed an important difference in body fat distribution between left and right side of the body with the first demonstrating higher percentages. This difference is considered to be linked with brain asymmetry/lateralization and hand preference in particular, being one of its behavioral indicators.
Dynamics of elliptical vortices in a trapped quantum fluid
Creators: name: Zhu, Chuanzhou
name: Siemens, Mark E.
name: Lusk, Mark T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonequilibrium dynamics of vortices in 2D quantum fluids can be predicted by accounting for the way in which vortex ellipticity is coupled to the gradient in background fluid density. In the absence of nonlinear interactions, a harmonically trapped fluid can be analyzed analytically to show that single vortices will move in an elliptic trajectory that has the same orientation and aspect ratio as the vortex projection itself. This allows the vortex ellipticity to be estimated through observation of its trajectory. A combination of analysis and numerical simulation is then used to show that nonlinear interactions cause the vortex orientation to precess, and that the rate of vortex precession is once again mimicked by a precession of the elliptical trajectory. Both vortex ellipticity and rate of precession can therefore be inferred by observing its motion in a trap. An ability to anticipate and control local vortex structure and vortex trajectory is expected to prove useful in designing few-vortex systems in which ellipticity is a ubiquitous, as-yet-unharnessed feature.
description: 10 figures; Comments are welcome