cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decision making surrounding human milk donation : attitudes, subjective norms and barriers
Creators: name: Grunert, Damaris
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Although milk from the milk bank is the medically preferred choice when a mother’s own milk is not available (Kim, Unger, Canadian Pediatric Society [CPS] & Nutrition and Gastroenterology Committee, 2010), it is frequently in short supply and new donors are always needed (BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, 2018). There is no published literature on attitudes, subjective norms and barriers surrounding breastfeeding and human milk donation nor how these constructs influence intention to donate within the context of mothers in British Columbia (BC). Seven hundred fifty-four women residing in BC, with a child 24 months old and younger, were recruited for this internet based study examining attitudes, subjective norms and barriers in relation to intention to donate human milk to the BC Women’s Provincial Milk Bank. These participants were recruited through multiple methods including: one on one requests to fill out a survey at 16 public health units where posters and advertisements were placed; an invitation in Fraser Health’s Best Beginnings e-Newsletter; snowball sampling through online Facebook community groups; and one of the researcher’s Twitter accounts. Analysis included ANOVAs, Chi-square analyses and hierarchical logistic regressions. Overall results indicated a positive attitude and subjective norms toward human milk and the Milk Bank. The logistic regression results showed that those who scored themselves as likely to donate to the Milk Bank believed that human milk banking is important; believed other mothers have donated; scored high on the ease of donation scale; had one child; and had previously shared milk. Sub-analysis of mothers who were breastfeeding at the time of the study, revealed similar results. Mothers who indicated human milk banking is important and scored high on the ease of donation scale more often rated themselves as likely to donate. The results of this study allow policy makers and healthcare providers to focus their recruitment efforts on facilitators that would increase intention to donate. Further research on specific barriers to human milk donation is needed.
Full optimization of quasiharmonic free energy with anharmonic lattice model: Application to thermal expansion and pyroelectricity of wurtzite GaN and ZnO
Creators: name: Masuki, Ryota
name: Nomoto, Takuya
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Tadano, Terumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory and a calculation scheme of structural optimization at finite temperatures within the quasiharmonic approximation (QHA). The theory is based on an efficient scheme of updating the interatomic force constants with the change of crystal structures, which we call the IFC renormalization. The cell shape and the atomic coordinates are treated equally and simultaneously optimized. We apply the theory to the thermal expansion and the pyroelectricity of wurtzite GaN and ZnO, which accurately reproduces the experimentally observed behaviors. Furthermore, we point out a general scheme to obtain correct $T$ dependence at the lowest order in constrained optimizations that reduce the number of effective degrees of freedom, which is helpful to perform efficient QHA calculations with little sacrificing accuracy. We show that the scheme works properly for GaN and ZnO by comparing with the optimization of all the degrees of freedom.
Multi-timescale Solar Cycles and the Possible Implications
Creators: name: Tan, Baolin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on analysis of the annual averaged relative sunspot number (ASN) during 1700 -- 2009, 3 kinds of solar cycles are confirmed: the well-known 11-yr cycle (Schwabe cycle), 103-yr secular cycle (numbered as G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively since 1700); and 51.5-yr Cycle. From similarities, an extrapolation of forthcoming solar cycles is made, and found that the solar cycle 24 will be a relative long and weak Schwabe cycle, which may reach to its apex around 2012-2014 in the vale between G3 and G4. Additionally, most Schwabe cycles are asymmetric with rapidly rising-phases and slowly decay-phases. The comparisons between ASN and the annual flare numbers with different GOES classes (C-class, M-class, X-class, and super-flare, here super-flare is defined as $\geq$ X10.0) and the annal averaged radio flux at frequency of 2.84 GHz indicate that solar flares have a tendency: the more powerful of the flare, the later it takes place after the onset of the Schwabe cycle, and most powerful flares take place in the decay phase of Schwabe cycle. Some discussions on the origin of solar cycles are presented.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Transfer of spin orientation into electric current in quantum wells
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Ivchenko, Eougenious
name: Danilov, Sergey
name: Sollinger, M.
name: Eroms, Jonathan
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Circular photogalvanic effect; Monopolar spin polarization
subject: 530 Physik

description: A monopolar spin polarization has been achieved in quantum well structures applying terahertz circularly polarized radiation. The spin polarization results in a directed motion of free carriers in the plane of a quantum well perpendicularly to the direction of light propagation. Due to spin selection rules the direction of the current is determined by the helicity of the light and can be reversed by switching the helicity from right- to left handed.
MILESTONE MS9 - First South Atlantic CPR campaign completed
Creators: name: Johns, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: MS9 First tow of the Continuous Plankton Recorder as part of the AtlantECO project, towing between Brazil and South Africa. This took place using the LODUR, IMO: 9219381 MMSI:3045040000 CALL SIGN: V2CY. Whilst the CPR Survey has towed over 7 million nautical miles, and been running for over 90 years, this is the first tow in the area, collecting pelagic phyto and zooplankton, using a standard device – making it comparable to the all previously collected CPR data. CPR samples were landed in South Africa, and are being transported to Brazil, where they will be analysed by the team at FURG.
Take a Prior from Other Tasks for Severe Blur Removal
Creators: name: Wang, Pei
name: Xue, Danna
name: Zhu, Yu
name: Sun, Jinqiu
name: Yan, Qingsen
name: Yoon, Sung-eui
name: Zhang, Yanning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recovering clear structures from severely blurry inputs is a challenging problem due to the large movements between the camera and the scene. Although some works apply segmentation maps on human face images for deblurring, they cannot handle natural scenes because objects and degradation are more complex, and inaccurate segmentation maps lead to a loss of details. For general scene deblurring, the feature space of the blurry image and corresponding sharp image under the high-level vision task is closer, which inspires us to rely on other tasks (e.g. classification) to learn a comprehensive prior in severe blur removal cases. We propose a cross-level feature learning strategy based on knowledge distillation to learn the priors, which include global contexts and sharp local structures for recovering potential details. In addition, we propose a semantic prior embedding layer with multi-level aggregation and semantic attention transformation to integrate the priors effectively. We introduce the proposed priors to various models, including the UNet and other mainstream deblurring baselines, leading to better performance on severe blur removal. Extensive experiments on natural image deblurring benchmarks and real-world images, such as GoPro and RealBlur datasets, demonstrate our method's effectiveness and generalization ability.
Characterization of deep impurities in semiconductors by terahertz tunneling ionization
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Ziemann, E.
name: Yassievich, Irina
name: Perel, V.
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Deep impurities; Terahertz radiation; Tunneling
subject: 530 Physik

description: Tunneling ionization in high-frequencyfields as well as in static fields is suggested as a method for the characterization of deep impurities in semiconductors. It is shown that an analysis of the field and temperature dependences of the ionization probabilityallows to obtain defect parameters like the charge of the impurity, tunneling times, the Huang–Rhys parameter, the difference between optical and thermal binding energy and the basic structure of the defect adiabatic potentials. Compared to static fields, high-frequencyelectric fields in the terahertz-range offer various advantages, as theycan be applied contactlesslyand homogeneouslyeven to bulk samples using the intense radiation of a high-power pulsed far-infrared laser.
The Three Faces of the Second Law: II. Fokker-Planck Formulation
Creators: name: Broeck, Christian Van den
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The total entropy production is the sum of two contributions, the so-called adiabatic and nonadiabatic entropy production, each of which is non-negative. We derive their explicit expressions for continuous Markov processes, discuss their properties and illustrate their behavior on two exactly solvable models.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Characteristics of the Sculptured Cu Thin Films and Their Optical Properties as a function of deposition rate
Creators: name: Savaloni, H.
name: Babaei, F.
name: Song, S.
name: Placido, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sculptured copper thin films were deposited on glass substrates, using different deposition rates. The nano-structure and morphology of the films were obtained, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their optical properties were measured by spectrophotometry in the spectral range of 340-850 nm. The Scot package was used for modeling the film structure and fitting the calculated optical transmittance results to the experimental data and obtaining, both real and imaginary refractive indices, film thickness and fraction of metal inclusion in the film structure.
description: 18pages,7 figures
Tunneling ionization of deep centers in high-frequency electric fields
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Ketterl, H.
name: Perel, V.
name: Yassievich, Irina
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: A theoretical and experimental study of the tunneling ionization of deep impurities in semiconductors has been carried out for high-frequency alternating electric fields. It is shown that tunneling ionization occurs by phonon-assisted tunneling which proceeds at high electric field strengths into direct tunneling without involving phonons. In the quasistatic regime of low frequencies the tunneling probability is independent of frequency. Raising the frequency leads to an enhancement of the tunneling ionization. The transition from the quasistatic limit to frequency-dependent tunneling is determined by the tunneling time which, in the case of impurities interacting with thermal phonons, is controlled by the temperature. In both the quasistatic and high-frequency limits, the application of an external magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field reduces the ionization probability when the cyclotron frequency becomes larger than the reciprocal tunneling time.
An ecocritical approach to tourism in the writings of Kathleen Jamie
Creators: name: Smith, Corey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Kathleen Jamie is a Scottish author whose work often details her travels through both the “natural and unnatural world” (Findings 1). Previous criticism has examined her work in the context of nature writing and Jamie has suggested that she writes “‘toward' the natural world” (“Author Statement”). Jamie also frequently represents herself as a tourist, travelling ‘toward’ different regions of the globe. I argue that Jamie’s writings as a tourist and as a naturalist are inextricably intertwined. The fusion of these two positions results in an approach that is self- reflexive and constantly reconsidering the limits of the human body in its connectedness to the world. Primarily, I examine the intersections between ecocriticism and tourism through an exploration of Jamie’s writings. I employ tourism theory, incorporating discourses of desire, imagination, and authentic connection, alongside ecological approaches that assess corporeal limits in the context of the natural world, and I do so to explore how the categorization of nature and culture affects our perceptions of other-than-human-world and the histories we write about it. I argue that her poetry and non-fiction map an ecocritical tourism that understands the complex dynamics of humanity’s failure to separate “the natural and unnatural world” as foundational to theories of ecotourism. This fusion of ecology and tourism maps an ecocritical form of tourism that reassesses the boundaries of culture and nature and, in doing so, emphasizes engagement, inquiry, and histories of shared vulnerability.
On the "Security analysis and improvements of arbitrated quantum signature schemes"
Creators: name: Chong, Song-Kong
name: Luo, Yi-Ping
name: Hwang, Tzonelih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Zou et al. [Phys. Rev. A 82, 042325 (2010)] pointed out that two arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) schemes are not secure, because an arbitrator cannot arbitrate the dispute between two users when a receiver repudiates the integrity of a signature. By using a public board, they try to propose two AQS schemes to solve the problem. This work shows that the same security problem may exist in their schemes and also a malicious party can reveal the other party's secret key without being detected by using the Trojan-horse attacks. Accordingly, two basic properties of a quantum signature, i.e. unforgeability and undeniability, may not be satisfied in their scheme.
Magneto-gyrotropic photogalvanic effects in semiconductor quantum wells
Creators: name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Ivchenko, Eougenious
name: Tarasenko, Sergey
name: Weber, Wolfgang
name: Giglberger, Stephan
name: Olteanu, M.
name: Tranitz, H.
name: Danilov, Sergey
name: Schneider, Petra
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We show that free-carrier (Drude) absorption of both polarized and unpolarized terahertz radiation in quantum well (QW) structures causes an electric photocurrent in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field. Experimental and theoretical analysis evidences that the observed photocurrents are spin dependent and related to the gyrotropy of the QWs. Microscopic models for the photogalvanic effects in QWs based on asymmetry of photoexcitation and relaxation processes are proposed. In most of the investigated structures the observed magneto-induced photocurrents are caused by spin-dependent relaxation of non-equilibrium carriers.
Copebot: Underwater soft robot with copepod-like locomotion
Creators: name: He, Zhiguo
name: Yang, Yang
name: Jiao, Pengcheng
name: Wang, Haipeng
name: Lin, Guanzheng
name: Pähtz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It has been a great challenge to develop robots that are able to perform complex movement patterns with high speed and, simultaneously, high accuracy. Copepods are animals found in freshwater and saltwater habitats that can have extremely fast escape responses when a predator is sensed by performing explosive curved jumps. Here, we present a design and build prototypes of a combustion-driven underwater soft robot, the "copebot", that, like copepods, is able to accurately reach nearby predefined locations in space within a single curved jump. Because of an improved thrust force transmission unit, causing a large initial acceleration peak (850 Bodylength*s-2), the copebot is 8 times faster than previous combustion-driven underwater soft robots, whilst able to perform a complete 360° rotation during the jump. Thrusts generated by the copebot are tested to quantitatively determine the actuation performance, and parametric studies are conducted to investigate the sensitivities of the input parameters to the kinematic performance of the copebot. We demonstrate the utility of our design by building a prototype that rapidly jumps out of the water, accurately lands on its feet on a small platform, wirelessly transmits data, and jumps back into the water. Our copebot design opens the way toward high-performance biomimetic robots for multifunctional applications.
Understanding the EU-Turkey Sectoral Trade Flows During 1990-2016: a Trade Gravity Approach
Creators: name: Mertzanis, Charilaos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: European Union; Turkey; EU-Turkey relations; Trade Flows; 1990-2016; Bilateral Trade; GMM Method; Dynamic Panel; Sectoral Trade Flows; Trade Gravity; Customs Agreement; Trade Integration; Productive Structures; Institutions

description: FEUTURE Online Paper No. 8

This paper explores the determinants of bilateral trade flows between Turkey and the EU countries. A trade gravity model is used to analyze annual bilateral trade in general and in five different sectors of trade activity between Turkey, 15 EU countries and 5 non-EU countries during 1990-2016. The model is augmented with non-economic control variables that are relevant in determining the volume and direction of international trade. A dynamic panel GMM method is used for the estimation. The results reveal that the influence of the EU customs agreement on trade has been positive but moderate. The rise in trade volume is primarily driven by the increase in income levels in both Turkey and its trading partners, slightly affected by transport costs and only conditionally affected by average income levels depending on a number of country-level factors. As a whole, Turkey seem to have realized positive gains from trade with the EU, which provides evidence that the bilateral customs agreement has been effective in fostering trade integration and the deepening of the EU-Turkey trade relations. The results imply that policy reform must be committed to raising the trading partners’ income growth in both absolute and relative terms; to encourage adjustments in Turkey’s productive structures that will speed up alignment in economic development levels; and most importantly to consider the long-term unobservable influence of institutions that mitigate economic relations through their impact on consumer and producer preferences for European and Turkish products.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 692976. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Partizipation durch Open Access — ein nur teilweise eingelöstes Versprechen
Creators: name: Bargheer, Margo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: open access
publishing options
equality, equity and justice
participation

description: This is a talk I gave for the third day at Open Access Tage 2021. It focusses on participation via Open Access. My argument is that participation shouldn't just mean access to content as that would mean we accept any form of OA, offered by stakeholders with their own agenda. Instead we should identify more as being an epistemic community that can and should bring change. One of the changes should be to bring civic society more into the picture -- not just by granting access to scientific results, but instead by turning RPOs more into functions of the civic society. Note that most of the presentation is cc-by licensed. Slides with other people's content are clearly marked and are not covered by cc-by.
Scattering of an Ultrasoft Pion and the X(3872)
Creators: name: Braaten, Eric
name: Hammer, H. -W.
name: Mehen, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The identification of the X(3872) as a loosely-bound charm-meson molecule allows it to be described by an effective field theory, called XEFT, for the D^* Dbar, D Dbar^* and D Dbar pi sector of QCD at energies small compared to the pion mass. We point out that this effective field theory can be extended to the sector that includes an additional pion and used to calculate cross sections for the scattering of a pion and the X(3872). If the collision energy is much smaller than the pion mass, the cross sections are completely calculable at leading order in terms of the masses and widths of the charm mesons, pion masses, and the binding energy of the X(3872). We carry out an explicit calculation of the cross section for the breakup of the X(3872) into D^{*+} Dbar^{*0} by the scattering of a very low energy pi^+.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
The Financial Flows and the Future of EU-Turkey Relations
Creators: name: Cömert, Hasan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: European Union; Turkey; EU-Turkey Relations; Financial Flows; Future; Financial Reversals; Macroeconomics; Turkish Economy; Credit Channels; Global Liquidity; Convergence; Cooperation; Conflictual Cooperation

description: FEUTURE Online Paper No. 9

This paper focuses on the role of financial flows in the future of EU-Turkey relations. The size of financial flows has increased along with increasing integration between EU and Turkey. In this process many macroeconomic variables in Turkey have been significantly influenced by the movements of financial flows through assets and credit channels. The movements of financial flows can be significantly affected by the tone of the relations between EU-Turkey. Especially, under the assumption that EU stabilizes itself, in a world in which global liquidity evaporates, Turkish policy makers cannot afford the conflict scenario. Even in a world of a high global liquidity, the possibility of financial reversals creates huge uncertainty and a potential high cost for the Turkish part. Therefore, focusing on the role of financial flows, under normal conditions, Turkey EU relations are destined to evolve into either convergence or cooperation options. Further-more, the vulnerability of Turkish economy to financial flows can increase the leverage of Europe on Turkey. Turkish authorities should find ways to decrease the sensitivity of the economy to the flows in order to increase their negotiation power in the process.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 692976. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Spin photocurrents and circular photon drag effect in (110)-grown quantum well structures
Creators: name: Shalygin, Vadim
name: Diehl, Helgi
name: Hoffmann, Christoph
name: Danilov, Sergey
name: Herrle, Thomas
name: Tarasenko, Sergey
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Gerl, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
name: Ganichev, Sergey
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The study of spin photocurrents in (110)-grown quantum well structures is reported. The investigated effects comprise the circular photogalvanic effect and so far not observed circular photon drag effect. The experimental data can be described by an analytical expression derived from a phenomenological theory. A microscopic model of the circular photon drag effect is developed demonstrating that the generated current has a spin dependent origin.
Computational imaging with diffractive optics
Creators: name: Peng, Yifan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have been studied extensively in optics for decades, but have recently received a lot of renewed interests in the context of computational imaging and computational display because they can drastically reduce the size and weight of devices. However, the inherent strong dispersion is an obstacle that limits the use of DOEs in full spectrum imaging, causing unacceptable color fidelity loss in the captured or reconstructed images. Despite the benefits of facilitating compact form factors, DOEs have sufficient degrees of freedom that one can manipulate to encode the desirable light modulation functionality. In this dissertation we theoretically and experimentally investigate the practicability of introducing numerical optimization into the design procedure of optics, to enable a variety of diffractive optics subject to different application scenarios. Regarding imaging applications, we first validate the practicality of introducing diffractive-refractive hybrid elements as simplified optics in conventional computational imaging. We re-implement a cross-channel based deconvolution to correct the chromatic aberration. The full fabrication cycle of photolithography technique is developed, serving as the basis for all designs. Then, the desirable focal powers in both spectral and spatial domain are encoded onto the DOEs. Precisely, we develop the diffractive achromat that balances the focusing contributions in full visible spectrum. The color fidelity can thus be well preserved. Meanwhile, we develop the encoded lenses that provide focus tunable imaging ability and multi-focal sweep imaging compromise. The trade-off light loss and residual aberrations are tackled by a deconvolution step. In addition, we extend the design paradigm from image capture to image display, where the holograms of visualization of multiple narrowband spectra are encoded onto a pair of ultrathin diffractive phase plates. The mix-and-match scheme of designing high degree-of-freedom diffractive optics is exploited via the complex matrix factorization. The essential random appearance of holograms in fact benefits to enabling a wide range of visualization applications. We envision the work on computational imaging, involving both capture and display end, provide new insights on incorporating optics and computation algorithms to better record, understand and deliver desirable visual information under the constraint of current data bandwidth of hardware.
Lamb Shift for static atoms outside a Schwarzschild black hole
Creators: name: Zhou, Wenting
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, by separately calculating the contributions of vacuum fluctuations and radiation reaction to the atomic energy level shift, the Lamb shift of a static two-level atom interacting with real massless scalar fields in the Boulware, Unruh and Hartle-Hawking vacuums outside a Schwarzschild black hole. We find that in the Boulware vacuum, the Lamb shift gets a correction arising as a result of the backscattering of vacuum field modes off the space-time curvature, which is reminiscent of the correction to the Lamb shift induced by the presence of cavities. However, when the Unruh and Hartle-Hawking vacua are concerned, our results show that the Lamb shift behaves as if the atom were irradiated by a thermal radiation or immersed in a thermal bath at the Hawking temperature, depending on whether the scalar field is in the Unruh or the Hartle-Hawking vacuum. Remarkably, the thermal radiation is always backscattered by the space-time geometry.
description: 14 pages, no figures, to be published in PRD
Pseudospin rotation and valley mixing in electron scattering at graphene edges
Creators: name: Park, Changwon
name: Yang, Heejun
name: Mayne, Andrew J.
name: Dujardin, Gerald
name: Seo, Sunae
name: Kuk, Young
name: Ihm, Jisoon
name: Kim, Gunn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In graphene, the pseudospin and the valley flavor arise as new types of quantum degrees of freedom due to the honeycomb lattice comprising two sublattices (A and B) and two inequivalent Dirac points (K and K') in the Brillouin zone, respectively. Unique electronic properties of graphene result in striking phenomena such as Klein tunnelling, Veselago lens, and valley-polarized currents. Here, we investigate the roles of the pseudospin and the valley in electron scattering at graphene edges and show that they are strongly correlated with charge density modulations of short-wavelength oscillations and slowly-decaying beat patterns. Theoretical analyses using nearest-neighbor tight-binding methods and first-principles density-functional theory calculations agree well with our experimental data from the scanning tunneling microscopy. We believe that this study will lead to useful application of graphene to "valleytronics" and "pseudospintronics".
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information available upon request
Trap-limited electrical properties of organic semiconductor devices
Creators: name: Ko, Donghyun
name: Lee, Gyuhyeon
name: Lee, Kyu-Myung
name: Park, Yongsup
name: Lee, Jaesang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the electrical properties of a unipolar organic device with traps that were intentionally inserted into a particular position in the device. Depending on their inserted position, the traps significantly alter the charge distribution and the resulting electric field as well as the charge transport behavior in the device. In particular, as the traps are situated closer to a charge-injection electrode, the band bending of a trap-containing organic layer occurs more strongly so that it effectively imposes a higher charge injection barrier. We propose an electrical model that fully accounts for the observed change in the electrical properties of the device with respect to the trap position.
description: Main text: pp. 1-13, 3 figures; Supplemental Material: pp. 14-23, 4 sections
Mines and Minerals of the Western Kentucky Fluorspar District
Creators: name: Anderson, Warren H.
name: Sparks, Thomas N.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 2012

description: Abstract:
This map shows all the known and identified mines, mineral prospects, and igneous intrusions (dikes or sills) in the Western Kentucky Fluorspar District, compiled from thousands of maps and files, creating an up-to-date, comprehensive catalog for the district. The district has been extensively mined for more than 120 years and was once the largest producer of fluorspar (fluorite) in the United States.
Millions of tons of vein ore minerals (fluorite, zinc, lead, and barite) has been produced from these mines, and substantial reserves still remain. New mining and exploration activity has renewed interest in the district, and the industry will benefit from the use of this new map. Historic iron ore mines are also included because of their immediate proximity to this mapped area.
Copyright: © 2012, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey
Observational tests of quantum extension of Schwarzschild spacetime in loop quantum gravity with stars in the galactic center
Creators: name: Yan, Jian-Ming
name: Liu, Cheng
name: Zhu, Tao
name: Wu, Qiang
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use the publicly available observational data of 17 stellar stars orbiting Sgr A* to test the quantum extension of Schwarzschild spacetime in loop quantum gravity (LQG). For our purpose, we transform the geodesical evolution of a massive particle in the quantum-extended Schwarzschild black hole to the perturbed Kepler problem and calculate the effects of LQG on the pericentre advance of the stellar stars. With these effects, one is able to compare them with the publicly available astrometric and spectroscopic data of stellar stars in the galactic center. We perform Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) simulations to probe the possible LQG effects on the orbit of S-stars. No significant evidence of the quantum-extended Schwarzschild black hole from LQG is found. Among the posterior analyses of 17 S-stars, the result of S2 gives the strongest bound on the LQG parameter $A_λ$, which places an upper bound at 95\% confidence level on $A_λ$ to be $A_λ< 0.302$.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Quantum sensing and imaging with spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Vaidya, Sumukh
name: Gao, Xingyu
name: Dikshit, Saakshi
name: Aharonovich, Igor
name: Li, Tongcang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have recently emerged as promising candidates for a new wave of quantum applications. Thanks to hBN's high stability and 2-dimensional (2D) layered structure, color centers in hBN can serve as robust quantum emitters that can be readily integrated into nanophotonic and plasmonic structures on a chip. More importantly, the recently discovered optically addressable spin defects in hBN provide a quantum interface between photons and electron spins for quantum sensing applications. The most well-studied hBN spin defects, the negatively charged boron vacancy ($V_B^-$) spin defects, have been used for quantum sensing of static magnetic fields, magnetic noise, temperature, strain, nuclear spins, paramagnetic spins in liquids, RF signals, and beyond. In particular, hBN nanosheets with spin defects can form van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with 2D magnetic or other materials for in situ quantum sensing and imaging. This review summarizes the rapidly evolving field of nanoscale and microscale quantum sensing with spin defects in hBN. We introduce basic properties of hBN spin defects, quantum sensing protocols, and recent experimental demonstrations of quantum sensing and imaging with hBN spin defects. We also discuss methods to enhance their sensitivity. Finally, we envision some potential developments and applications of hBN spin defects.
description: review article, 21 pages, 13 figures
Review: Spin photocurrents in quantum wells
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Spin photocurrents generated by homogeneous optical excitation with circularly polarized radiation in quantum wells (QWs) are reviewed. The absorption of circularly polarized light results in optical spin orientation due to the transfer of the angular momentum of photons to electrons of a two-dimensional electron gas. It is shown that in QWs belonging to one of the gyrotropic crystal classes a non-equilibrium spin polarization of uniformly distributed electrons causes a directed motion of electrons in the plane of the QW. A characteristic feature of this electric current, which occurs in unbiased samples, is that it reverses its direction upon changing the radiation helicity from left-handed to right-handed and vice versa. Two microscopic mechanisms are responsible for the occurrence of an electric current linked to a uniform spin polarization in a QW: the spin polarization-induced circular photogalvanic effect and the spin-galvanic effect. In both effects the current flow is driven by an asymmetric distribution of spin-polarized carriers in k-space of systems with lifted spin degeneracy due to k-linear terms in the Hamiltonian. Spin photocurrents provide methods to investigate spin relaxation and to reach a conclusion as regards the in-plane symmetry of QWs. The effect can also be utilized to develop fast detectors for determining the degree of circular polarization of a radiation beam. Furthermore, spin photocurrents under infrared excitation were used to demonstrate and investigate monopolar spin orientation of free carriers.
The impact of celestial pole offset modelling on VLBI UT1 Intensive results
Creators: name: Malkin, Zinovy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Intensive sessions are scheduled to provide operational Universal Time (UT1) determinations with low latency. UT1 estimates obtained from these observations heavily depend on the model of the celestial pole motion used during data processing. However, even the most accurate precession-nutation model, IAU 2000/2006, is not accurate enough to realize the full potential of VLBI observations. To achieve the highest possible accuracy in UT1 estimates, a celestial pole offset (CPO), which is the difference between the actual and modelled precession-nutation angles, should be applied. Three CPO models are currently available for users. In this paper, these models have been tested and the differences between UT1 estimates obtained with those models are investigated. It has been shown that neglecting CPO modelling during VLBI UT1 Intensive processing causes systematic errors in UT1 series of up to 20 microarcseconds. It has been also found that using different CPO models causes the differences in UT1 estimates reaching 10 microarcseconds. Obtained results are applicable to the satellite data processing as well.
description: 8 pp., accepted for publication in Journal of Geodesy
NMR Measurements of Power-Law Behavior in the Spin-Wave and Critical Regions of Ferromagnetic EuO
Creators: name: Bykovetz, N.
name: Birang, B.
name: Klein, J.
name: Lin, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision continuous-wave NMR measurements have been carried out over the entire magnetization curve of EuO and are presented in tabular form. Two very closely spaced resonances are observed and are attributed to domain and domain-wall signals. Both of the signals are useful for analysis in the spin-wave region. Only the domain signal is measurable above ~50K. The latter is used for fitting Tc and the critical exponent beta. The critical-region fits agree with previous measurements, within experimental error. The low-temperature data exhibit a clear-cut T^2 behavior, at variance with the expectations of conventional spin-wave theory. This result is discussed in relation to two semi-empirical spin-wave schemes, one formulated by N. Bykovetz, and one by U. Koebler. The NMR signal at 4.2K gives no indication of a quadrupole splitting, in contradiction to the interpretation of several previous spin-echo NMR spectra observed in EuO. This issue remains unresolved.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. in Proceedings of the 11TH Joint MMM-Intermag Conference, Washington, DC, 2010
Hole Spin-Relaxation in Quantum Wells from Saturation of Inter-Subband Absorption
Creators: name: Kainz, Josef
name: Schneider, Petra
name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Rössler, Ulrich
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Prettl, Wilhelm
name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Golub, Leonid
name: Schuh, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Hole spin-relaxation; Saturation of absorption; Inter-subband transition
subject: 530 Physik

description: Spin-sensitive saturation of absorption of infrared radiation has been investigated in p-type GaAs QWs. It is shown that the absorption saturation of circularly polarized radiation is mostly controlled by the spin relaxation time of the holes. The saturation behavior has been investigated for di:erent QW widths and in dependence on the temperature with the result that the saturation intensity substantially decreases with smaller QW width. Spin relaxation times were experimentally obtained by making use of calculated (linear) absorption coe;cients for inter-subband transitions. The question of selection rules for intersubband transitions between hole subbands is addressed.
Time scales of epidemic spread and risk perception on adaptive networks
Creators: name: Zhong, Li-Xin
name: Qiu, Tian
name: Ren, Fei
name: Li, Ping-Ping
name: Chen, Bi-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Incorporating dynamic contact networks and delayed awareness into a contagion model with memory, we study the spreading patterns of infectious diseases in connected populations. It is found that the spread of an infectious disease is not only related to the past exposures of an individual to the infected but also to the time scales of risk perception reflected in the social network adaptation. The epidemic threshold $p_{c}$ is found to decrease with the rise of the time scale parameter s and the memory length T, they satisfy the equation $p_{c} =\frac{1}{T}+ \frac{ωT}{a^s(1-e^{-ωT^2/a^s})}$. Both the lifetime of the epidemic and the topological property of the evolved network are considered. The standard deviation $σ_{d}$ of the degree distribution increases with the rise of the absorbing time $t_{c}$, a power-law relation $σ_{d}=mt_{c}^γ$ is found.
Politics and Turkey-EU Relations: Drivers from the Southern and Eastern Neighbourhoods
Creators: name: Clifford, Bennett
name: Gilbreath, Dustin
name: Louis, Justine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: European Union; Turkey; EU-Turkey relations; Southern Mediterranean; Foreign Policy; Eastern Mediterranean; Pragmatic Cooperation; Eastern Neighbourhood; Conflict

description: FEUTURE Online Paper No. 11

Since the early 2000s, major transformations in the Southern Mediterranean political landscape have undeniably tested the limits of the EU and Turkey’s foreign policies. To a lesser extent, drivers from the eastern neighbourhood have strained, and in some instances, strengthened relations. Overall, drivers from the southern neighbourhood are likely to lead to pragmatic cooperation, while drivers from the eastern neighbourhood, although less influential, have the potential to lead to conflict as well as cooperation in areas of mutual interest. For the foreseeable future, convergence is clearly off the table, and no driver from the Eastern or Southern neighbourhood is likely to change this.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 692976. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
EU Public Opinion on Turkish EU Membership: Trends and Drivers
Creators: name: Lindgaard, Jakob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: European Union; Turkey; EU-Turkey Relations; Public Opinion; Membership; International Relations; Conflictual Cooperation; Unpredictable; Trust-Building; Expectation Management; Cooperation

description: FEUTURE Online Paper No. 25

This is a paper about European public opinion towards Turkey’s prospective EU membership. It outlines a trend of reclining support, makes an analytical attempt at spelling out the drivers that underpin both the numbers and the trend, makes an assessment about the direction that it is likely to push Turkey-EU relations into in the 2023 timeframe of the FEUTURE research framework, and concludes with a few initial recommendations. The conjecture of the paper is that European public opinion towards Turkish EU membership is likely to edge Turkey-EU relations in a more conflictual orientation. The paper spells out how and why. Mindful of the unpredictability of current international relations, the paper unfolds a few possible exceptions to this conjecture, and concludes with three initial recommendations e.g. on trust-building, expectation management around the necessity (if not want) of further cooperation etc.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 692976. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Characterization of Asymmetric Gap-Engineered Josephson Junctions and 3D Transmon Qubits
Creators: name: Steffen, Zach
name: Dutta, S. K.
name: Wang, Haozhi
name: Li, Kungang
name: Huang, Yizhou
name: Huang, Yi-Hsiang
name: Mathur, Advait
name: Wellstood, F. C.
name: Palmer, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have fabricated and characterized asymmetric gap-engineered junctions and transmon devices. To create Josephson junctions with asymmetric gaps, Ti was used to proximitize and lower the superconducting gap of the Al counter-electrode. DC IV measurements of these small, proximitized Josephson junctions show a reduced gap and larger excess current for voltage biases below the superconducting gap when compared to standard Al/AlOx/Al junctions. The energy relaxation time constant for an Al/AlOx/Al/Ti 3D transmon was T1 = 1 μs, over two orders of magnitude shorter than the measured T1 = 134 μs of a standard Al/AlOx/Al 3D transmon. Intentionally adding disorder between the Al and Ti layers reduces the proximity effect and subgap current while increasing the relaxation time to T1 = 32 μs.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity