cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Economics and Policy in the Asia Pacific
Creators: name: Jotzo, Frank
name: Jotzo, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: climate change policy
subject: Indonesia
subject: CDM
subject: central-local coordination

description: The Asia-Pacific region is the major source of global growth in greenhouse gas emissions. Strong action is needed in Asian countries, particularly China and India, to reduce these global emissions. Driven by the desire to limit energy consumption, some Asian countries already have domestic policies to limit greenhouse gas emission. But much more ambitious policies are needed to turn emission trends around. This research report examines the implications of international efforts to mitigate the impacts of human activity on climate in the Asia-Pacific region.
Study of magnetization relaxation in molecular spin clusters using an innovative kinetic Monte Carlo method
Creators: name: Haldar, Sumit
name: Ramasesha, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling blocking temperature in molecular magnets has been a long standing problem in the field of molecular magnetism. We investigate this problem using a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) approach on an assembly of 100,000 short molecular magnetic chains (SMMCs), each of six identical spins with nearest neighbour anisotropic ferromagnetic exchange interactions. Each spin is also anisotropic with an uniaxial anisotropy. The site spin on these SMMCs take values $1$, $3/2$ or $2$. Using eigenstates of these SMMCs as the states of Markov chain, we carry out a kMC simulation starting with an initial state in which all SMMCs are completely spin polarized and assembled on a one-dimensional lattice so as to experience ferromagnetic spin-dipolar interaction with each other. From these simulations we obtain the relaxation time $τ_r$ as a function of temperature and the associated blocking temperature. We study this for different exchange anisotropy, on-site anisotropy and strength of dipolar interactions. The magnetization relaxation times show non-Arrhenius behaviour for weak on-site interactions. The energy barrier to magnetization relaxation increases with increase in on-site anisotropy, exchange anisotropy and strength of spin dipolar interactions; more strongly on the last parameter. In all cases the barrier saturates at large on-site anisotropy. The barrier also increases with site spin. The large barrier observed in rare-earth single ion magnets can be attributed to large dipolar interactions due to short intermolecular distances, owing to their small size and large spin of the rare earth ion in the molecule.
The metallicity distribution of F/G dwarfs derived from BATC survey data
Creators: name: Du, Cui-hua
name: Zhou, Xu
name: Ma, Jun
name: Shi, Jian-rong
name: Chen, Alfred Bing-Chih
name: Jiang, Zhao-ji
name: Jian-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on synthetic flux spectra calculated from theoretical atmospheric models, a calibration of temperature and metallicity for the dwarfs observed in the Beijing-Arizona-Taiwan-Connecticut (BATC) multicolor photometric system is presented in this paper. According to this calibration, stellar effective temperatures can be obtained from some temperature-sensitive color indices. The sample stars have colors and magnitudes in the ranges 0.15 kpc, it could not be interpreted according to the different contributions from the three components because of the large uncertainty. So it is possible that there is little or no gradient for z>5 kpc. The overall distribution shows a metallicity gradient d[Fe/H]/dz=-0.17+-0.04dex/kpc for z<15 kpc.
description: 22 pages, 9 figure, accepted by Astronomical Journal
Time variations of the narrow FeII and HI spectral emission lines from the close vicinity of Eta Carinae during the spectral event of 2003
Creators: name: Hartman, H.
name: Damineli, A.
name: Johansson, S.
name: Letokhov, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of Eta Carinae and its ejecta shows slow variations over a period of 5.5 years. However, the spectrum changes drastically on a time scale of days once every period called the 'spectral event'. We report on variations in the narrow emission line spectrum of gas condensations (the Weigelt blobs) close to the central star during a spectral event. The rapid changes in the stellar radiation field illuminating the blobs make the blobs a natural astrophysical laboratory to study atomic photoprocesses. The different responses of the HI Paschen lines, fluorescent lines and forbidden [FeII] lines allow us to identify the processes and estimate physical conditions in the blobs. This paper is based on observations from the Pico dos Dias Observatory (LNA/Brazil) during the previous event in June 2003.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Making electromagnetic wavelets II: Spheroidal shell antennas
Creators: name: Kaiser, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 31-XX; 32-XX; 35-XX; 44-XX; 78-XX

description: In the companion paper, a coherent charge-current distribution for radiating electromagnetic wavelets was constructed on an oblate spheroidal surface S_a. Its main drawback was the necessity of including magnetic along with electric charges, making the sources impossible to realize. Here we show how this difficulty can be overcome by using Hertz potentials to generate a charge-current distribution due solely to bound electric charges. However, this distribution still appears difficult to realize because it consists of multiple surface layers on S_a. We show how it can be replaced by a simple volume distribution on a spheroidal shell. Our method generalizes the usual construction of equivalent Huygens sources, based on boundary conditions on an interface between electromagnetic media, by allowing the transition to be gradual without incurring addition complexity.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Incorporating issues of risk and uncertainty into Choice Modelling experiments
Creators: name: Wang, Xuehong
name: Rolfe, John
name: Wang, Xuehong
name: Rolfe, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Choice experiments
subject: risk
subject: uncertainty
subject: information
subject: framing.

description: Many policy issues, as well as policy funding and management choices, have elements of risk and uncertainty. This means that choice experiments, such as those used in choice modelling (CM), may need to frame trade-offs so that risk and uncertainty are included. This research aims to explore some methodological approaches to identify and treat uncertainty in CM experiments. A review of theoretical models, as well as a case study application in the CM technique reported by Roberts et al. (2008), suggests that including uncertainty information in the choice sets should influence responses significantly. However, key challenges remain to define and describe the elements of risk and uncertainty that are to be included in a choice experiment, to communicate the issues to respondents, and to develop appropriate forms of analysis.
The ECLAIRs micro-satellite for multi-wavelength studies of gamma-ray burst prompt emission
Creators: name: Schanne, S.
name: Atteia, J. -L.
name: Barret, D.
name: Basa, S.
name: Boer, M.
name: Cordier, B.
name: Daigne, F.
name: Ealet, A.
name: Goldoni, P.
name: Klotz, A.
name: Limousin, O.
name: Mandrou, P.
name: Mochkovitch, R.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Paul, J.
name: Petitjean, P.
name: Pons, R.
name: Skinner, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological revolution of 1997 has established that (at least long duration) gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are among the most energetic events in the Universe and occur at cosmological distances. The ECLAIRs micro-satellite, to be launched in 2009, will provide multi-wavelength observations for astrophysical studies of GRB and for their possible use as cosmological probes. It is expected to be the only space borne GRB trigger available for ground based robotic telescopes operational at that time. This paper presents the ECLAIRs project and its status. An X/gamma-ray camera onboard ECLAIRs with a wide field of view of 2 sr, will detect ~100 GRB/yr in the 4-50 keV energy range, localize the GRB with a precision of ~10 arcmin on the sky, and transmit this information to the ground in near real-time, as a GRB trigger for ground based optical telescopes. Inspired by the INTEGRAL imager IBIS, it is based on a CdTe detection plane covering 1000 cm^2, placed 35 cm below a coded mask. An optical camera, sensitive to magnitude-15 stars, covering up to 1/4th of the X/gamma-ray camera's field of view, will observe the prompt emission and a possible precursor of ~10 GRB/yr in the visible-band. Used in a continuous acquisition mode at a rate of ~5 images/s dumped into an on-board memory, a GRB event sent by the X/gamma-ray camera triggers a seek-back in memory for the GRB optical precursor. The full X/gamma-ray and visible-band data of a GRB are sent to ground when a high data-rate telemetry ground receiver is reachable.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, IEEE NSS 2004 conference, submitted to IEEE Transact. Nucl. Sci
Stringing pearls from teardrops : an autobiographcial account of attention deficit disorder
Creators: name: Skipsey, Gwendoline Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis seeks to frame an approach to attention deficit disorder that centers on the individual in an educational context, be it student, teacher, or researcher. Through arts based inquiry and autoethnography, the question of how attention deficit disorder affects one teacher in her classroom, including her relationships with students, her approach to subject matter and curriculum, and her views of herself as a whole person with the symptoms indicative of attention deficit disorder, and a strong creative inclination, is investigated. Using evocative personal narrative, autobiography, and art making to explore self this teacher opens up a personal dialogue that reveals insights and understandings of attention deficit that were hidden prior to her undertaking the research. In addition to a review of literature on the subject of creativity and ADD in an educational setting, the researcher discusses how she comes to an acceptance and understanding of her sensitivity as a component of attention deficit, and therefore, self. She recognizes sensitivity as an asset that adds to her experience in the classroom and in her life. She also embraces her attention deficit as an attribute that leads her to be creative in the everyday experience of teaching.
A Choice Modelling Survey of Community Attitudes to Improvements in Environmental Quality in NSW Catchments
Creators: name: Mazur, Kasia
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Mazur, Kasia
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Nonmarket valuation
subject: choice modelling
subject: survey
subject: questionnaire design

description: The survey was designed to estimate environmental values suitable for integration into MOSAIC, a bio-economic model for catchment and farm level planning. Local residents, as well as distant rural and distant urban communities, were surveyed in three NSW catchments (Lachlan, Namoi and Hawkesbury-Nepean) using choice modelling (CM). The survey aimed to find out respondents’ attitudes about, and preferences for, potential natural resource management (NRM) improvements. In total, 3,997 responses were collected from seven different locations in NSW. Fourteen split samples were established to allow for testing of incentive compatibility in CM, the impact of respondent location on values held, and scale effects. This research report describes the development of the CM questionnaires, the survey design and the data collection process.
Assessing impacts of CAP reform in France and Germany
Creators: name: Kupker, Bernd
name: Huttel, Silke
name: Kleinhanss, Werner
name: Offermann, Frank
name: Kupker, Bernd
name: Huttel, Silke
name: Kleinhanss, Werner
name: Offermann, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: CAP Reform
subject: decoupling
subject: farm group model
subject: FADN

description: The 2003 CAP Reform left EU member states much room for national implementation. The farm group model EU-FARMIS is applied to quantify the effects of the reform and the impacts of the options for national implementation. The analysis is done for France and Germany because their implementation schemes adequately reflect the broad range of options. It is found that cereal and fodder maize production is reduced both in France and Germany. In contrast, the acreage of other arable fodder crops, of set-aside and of non-food crops is expanded. While bull fattening is substantially reduced in both countries, suckler cow production is extended in France due to partial decoupling, but reduced in Germany due to full decoupling. Sectoral income effects measured in Farm Net Value Added are similar. The regional implementation of decoupling in Germany induces a significant redistribution of direct payments and therefore causes differences in income effects depending on farm type, location and size.
Simulating the effects of decoupled transfer payments using the land use model ProLand
Creators: name: Weinmann, Bernd
name: Schroers, Jan Ole
name: Sheridan, Patrick
name: Weinmann, Bernd
name: Schroers, Jan Ole
name: Sheridan, Patrick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: CAP Reform
subject: land use modelling
subject: decision support
subject: spatial model
subject: ProLand

description: This paper describes the bio-economic land use model ProLand and presents selected results for scenarios of coupled and fully decoupled Pillar One transfer payments under the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The basic assumption for the model is that land users select the land use alternative from a set of agricultural and silvicultural land use systems which is expected to generate the highest possible land rent. The model is used to estimate effects of fully decoupled transfer payments on land use in a less favoured region in Hesse, Germany. The results confirm that the CAP Reform removes the distorting effects of coupled transfer payments. The extent and direction of land use changes are spatially variant. Overall, the CAP Reform will lead to increases of permanent grassland area at the cost of arable land. The total agricultural land rent generated in the region will grow substantially, mainly due to higher amounts of transfer payments.
Minimal mass-size of a stable 3He cluster
Creators: name: Guardiola, R.
name: Navarro, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimal number of 3He atoms required to form a bound cluster has been estimated by means of a Diffusion Monte Carlo procedure within the fixed-node approximation. Several importance sampling wave functions have been employed in order to consider different shell-model configurations. The resulting upper bound for the minimal number is 32 atoms.
description: 2 pages, no figures
Magnetic order in the pseudogap phase of high-$T_C$ superconductors
Creators: name: Fauque, B.
name: Sidis, Y.
name: Hinkov, V.
name: Pailhes, S.
name: Lin, C. T.
name: Chaud, X.
name: Bourges, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the leading issues in high-$T_C$ superconductors is the origin of the pseudogap phase in underdoped cuprates. Using polarized elastic neutron diffraction, we identify a novel magnetic order in the YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ system. The observed magnetic order preserves translational symmetry as proposed for orbital moments in the circulating current theory of the pseudogap state. To date, it is the first direct evidence of an hidden order parameter characterizing the pseudogap phase in high-$T_C$ cuprates.
description: 3 figures
Impact of the CAP reform on small-scale grassland regions
Creators: name: Roeder, Norbert
name: Kantelhardt, Jochen
name: Kapfer, Martin
name: Roeder, Norbert
name: Kantelhardt, Jochen
name: Kapfer, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: CAP Reform
subject: linear programming
subject: land-market simulation
subject: agent-based modelling
subject: farmers attitude
subject: policy analysis

description: This paper presents a regional land-use model that conceives farms as independent agents aiming at maximum individual utility. Farm agents optimize their utility with the help of a linear-programming algorithm that takes into account natural, economic and personal restrictions. Interactions between farms take place on the land market, which is modelled as an equilibrium market. The model is applied in three typical grassland regions in southern Bavaria. The results indicate that the CAP reform of 2003 has various significant consequences for grassland use. In particular, the decreasing profitability of dairy farming will lead to low-intensity forms of grassland use, including mulching. In general, land rents will increase due to the effects of decoupling.
Multi-mode transport through a quantum nanowire with two embedded dots
Creators: name: Gudmundsson, Vidar
name: Gudmundsdottir, Gudny
name: Bardarson, Jens Hjorleifur
name: Magnusdottir, Ingibjorg
name: Tang, Chi-Shung
name: Manolescu, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the conductance of a quantum wire with two embedded quantum dots using a T-matrix approach based on the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism. The quantum dots are represented by a quantum well with Gaussian shape and the wire is two-dimensional with parabolic confinement in the transverse direction. In a broad wire the transport can assume a strong nonadiabatic character and the conductance manifests effects caused by intertwined inter- and intra-dot processes that are identified by analysis of the ``nearfield'' probability distribution of the transported electrons.
description: RevTeX, 7 pages with included postscript figures
CAP-reform and the provision of non-commodity outputs in Brandenburg
Creators: name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Damgaard, Martin
name: Osuch, Amanda
name: Sattler, Claudia
name: Zander, Peter
name: Uthes, Sandra
name: Schuler, Johannes
name: Piorr, Annette
name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Damgaard, Martin
name: Osuch, Amanda
name: Sattler, Claudia
name: Zander, Peter
name: Uthes, Sandra
name: Schuler, Johannes
name: Piorr, Annette
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: decoupling
subject: multifunctionality
subject: non-commodity outputs
subject: modelling
subject: simulation
subject: policy analysis
subject: ecological indicators

description: This paper presents an attempt to model the response of selected farms to decoupled direct payments and the associated impact on the provision of a defined set of non-commodity outputs (NCO’s) using a combined modelling approach consisting of the AgriPoliS and MODAM models. AgriPoliS focuses on the socio-economic dimension of multifunctionality at the individual farm and regional levels and explicitly models heterogeneous farms (in size, location and efficiency) within a competitive and dynamic environment. The linear-programming model MODAM allows a detailed representation of production processes and their impact on the environmental dimension of multifunctionality at the farm level. We simulate the impact of a uniform area payment and a fully decoupled single farm payment. Our case study region is the district Ostprignitz-Ruppin in Brandenburg. Results show that the decoupling schemes create a trade-off between the NCO’s and that adjustment reactions differ between farms depending on their legal form, size, and production.
Selecting Data Adaptive Learner from Multiple Deep Learners using Bayesian Networks
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Shusuke
name: Shirayama, Susumu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A method to predict time-series using multiple deep learners and a Bayesian network is proposed. In this study, the input explanatory variables are Bayesian network nodes that are associated with learners. Training data are divided using K-means clustering, and multiple deep learners are trained depending on the cluster. A Bayesian network is used to determine which deep learner is in charge of predicting a time-series. We determine a threshold value and select learners with a posterior probability equal to or greater than the threshold value, which could facilitate more robust prediction. The proposed method is applied to financial time-series data, and the predicted results for the Nikkei 225 index are demonstrated.
description: 14 pages, 12 tables and 4 figures, Submitted to Neural Computing and Applications
Additional file 1 of Construction of cell-plastics as neo-plastics consisted of cell-layer provided green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii covered by two-dimensional polymer
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Akihito
name: Iritani, Kohei
name: Sakihama, Yuri
name: Ozawa, Nanami
name: Mochizuki, Ayano
name: Watanabe, Marina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. SEM images of surfaces of cell-plastics without intercellular filler. Magnifications were ×1,000. Figure S2. Synthesis of monomer 1. Figure S3.1H and 13C NMR spectra of 3 in CDCl3 at 25 °C. Figure S4.1H and 13C NMR spectra of 1 in CDCl3 at 25 °C.
Atomistic Investigation on the Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Zinc Blende Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) Nanowire
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Emdadul Haque
name: Rahman, Md. Habibur
name: Islam, Md Mahbubul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanical properties of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) nanowire is an emerging issue due to its application in semiconductor and optoelectronics industries. In this paper, we conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the temperature-dependent mechanical properties and failure behavior of Zinc-Blende (ZB) CdSe nanowire under uniaxial tensile deformation. We employed Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential to describe the inter-atomic interactions. The effect of variation of temperatures (100 K-600 K), sizes, and crystal orientation on the tensile response of the CdSe nanowires is investigated. Our simulation results suggest that both ultimate tensile strength and Youngs modulus of CdSe have an inverse relationship with temperature. From 100K to 600K, the ZB CdSe exhibits brittle type failure thus there is no brittle to ductile transition temperature found. Results also suggest that size has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of CdSe nanowire. It has been found that as the cross-sectional area increases both ultimate tensile stress and Youngs modulus increases as well. The [111] oriented ZB CdSe shows the largest ultimate tensile strength, Youngs modulus and fracture toughness whereas the values are lowest for [100] orientation. The [110] orientation shows the largest failure strain compared to other orientations. Finally, failure mechanisms of CdSe nanowire are also investigated at 100K and 600K. We noticed that at 100K temperature [100] oriented ZB CdSe fails along {111} cleavage plane however in the case of 600 K temperature, both {111} and {100} planes are activated and cause fracture of CdSe nanowire at lower strain value. This study can guide to design ZB CdSe based solar cell, optoelectronic and semiconductor devices by presenting a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical and fracture characteristics of this nanowire.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Differential probability for surface and volume electronic excitations in Fe, Pd and Pt
Creators: name: Werner, Wolfgang S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The normalized differential mean free path for volume scattering and the differential surface excitation probability for medium energy electrons travelling in Fe, Pd and Pt are extracted from Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectra (REELS). This was achieved by means of a recently introduced procedure in which two REELS spectra taken under different experimental conditions are simultaneously deconvoluted. In this way, it is possible to obtain the unique reconstruction for the surface and volume single scattering loss distribution. The employed method is compared with a procedure that is frequently used for this purpose [Tougaard and Chorkendorff, Phys. Rev. B 35(1987)6570]. It is shown, both theoretically and through analysis of model spectra as well as experimental data that this method does not result in a {\em single} scattering loss distribution. Rather, it gives a mixture of surface, bulk and mixed scattering of any order.
title: Towards an Optical Gas Standard for Traceable Calibration-Free and Direct NO₂ Concentration Measurements
Creators: name: Nwaboh, Javis A.
name: Qu, Zhechao
name: Werhahn, Olav
name: Ebert, Volker
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: We report a direct tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (dTDLAS) instrument developed for NO₂ concentration measurements without chemical pre-conversion, operated as an Optical Gas Standard (OGS). An OGS is a dTDLAS instrument that can deliver gas species amount fractions (concentrations), without any previous or routine calibration, which are directly traceable to the international system of units (SI). Here, we report NO₂ amount fraction quantification in the range of 100–1000 µmol/mol to demonstrate the current capability of the instrument as an OGS for car exhaust gas application. Nitrogen dioxide amount fraction results delivered by the instrument are in good agreement with certified values of reference gas mixtures, validating the capability of the dTDLAS-OGS for calibration-free NO₂ measurements. As opposed to the standard reference method (SRM) based on chemiluminescence detection (CLD) where NO₂ is indirectly measured after conversion to NO, titration with O₃ and the detection of the resulting fluorescence, a dTDLAS-OGS instrument has the benefit of directly measuring NO₂ without distorting or delaying conversion processes. Therefore, it complements the SRM and can perform fast and traceable measurements, and side-by-side calibrations of other NO₂ gas analyzers operating in the field. The relative standard uncertainty of the NO₂ results reported in this paper is 5.1% (k = 1, which is dominated (98%) by the NO₂ line strength), the repeatability of the results at 982.6 µmol/mol is 0.1%, the response time of the instrument is 0.5 s, and the detection limit is 825 nmol/mol at a time resolution of 86 s.
Moiré excitons in MoSe$_2$-WSe$_2$ heterobilayers and heterotrilayers
Creators: name: Förg, Michael
name: Baimuratov, Anvar S.
name: Kruchinin, Stanislav Yu.
name: Vovk, Ilia A.
name: Scherzer, Johannes
name: Förste, Jonathan
name: Funk, Victor
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Högele, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layered two-dimensional materials exhibit rich transport and optical phenomena in twisted or lattice-incommensurate heterostructures with spatial variations of interlayer hybridization arising from moiré interference effects. Here, we report experimental and theoretical studies of excitons in twisted heterobilayers and heterotrilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. Using MoSe$_2$-WSe$_2$ stacks as representative realizations of twisted van der Waals bilayer and trilayer heterostructures, we observe contrasting optical signatures and interpret them in the theoretical framework of interlayer moiré excitons in different spin and valley configurations. We conclude that the photoluminescence of MoSe$_2$-WSe$_2$ heterobilayer is consistent with joint contributions from radiatively decaying valley-direct interlayer excitons and phonon-assisted emission from momentum-indirect reservoirs that reside in spatially distinct regions of moiré supercells, whereas the heterotrilayer emission is entirely due to momentum-dark interlayer excitons of hybrid-layer valleys. Our results highlight the profound role of interlayer hybridization for transition metal dichalcogenide heterostacks and other realizations of multi-layered semiconductor van der Waals heterostructures.
Development of nature-oriented dairy farm systems with an optimization model: the case of ‘Farming for Nature’ in ‘de Langstraat’, the Netherlands
Creators: name: Schrijver, R.A.M.
name: Berentsen, Paul B.M.
name: Groeneveld, Rolf A.
name: Corporaal, A.
name: De Koeijer, T.J.
name: Schrijver, R.A.M.
name: Berentsen, Paul B.M.
name: Groeneveld, Rolf A.
name: Corporaal, A.
name: De Koeijer, T.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: nature management
subject: dairy farming system
subject: linear programming
subject: farm-economics

description: ‘Farming for Nature’, a relatively new policy instrument being tried out in the Netherlands, is evaluated. The concept has been designed to allow dairy farmers to improve nature conservation on their farms. Under the scheme, no manure, fertilizer, or feed – concentrates or roughage - may be imported into farm systems from external sources. The feasibility of such a self-sustaining system and the conditions required for it to deliver the desired results, are explored with a farm-based linear programming model known as FIONA (Farm based Integrated Optimization Model for Nature and Agriculture). The model is explained and applied to ‘de Langstraat’, a region in southern Netherlands. The results show that levels of production under the ‘Farming for Nature’ regime are dependent upon soil fertility and the proportion of land that is suitable for growing arable crops. If all available land on a dairy farm in the scheme is arable land, then high production levels of up to 7,500 kg milk per hectare can be realized. If only 30% of the farm area is suitable for arable crops, then only lower production levels, of about 6,600 kg milk per hectare can be realized. The scheme has positive ecological effects. Both nature and cultural landscape values may benefit significantly from the concept. Improvement in ecological terms however, carries a price in terms of agricultural income. An average dairy farm adopting the concept of ‘Farming for Nature’ experiences an income loss of approximately € 840 per hectare in the short-run (5-10 years). More important is the observation that the scale of such farms in the short-run might be too small to earn an attractive income for its workers, even when fully compensated according to European Union regulations.
Wie viel bringt eine verbesserte Produktionsprogrammplanung auf der Grundlage einer systematischen Auswertung empirischer Zeitreihen? – Die Bedeutung von Prognosemodellen bei der Optimierung unter Unsicherheit
Creators: name: Musshoff, Oliver
name: Hirschauer, Norbert
name: Musshoff, Oliver
name: Hirschauer, Norbert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: planning of the production program
subject: optimisation
subject: uncertainty
subject: static distributions
subject: stochastic processes

description: In this paper we examine whether there is room for improvement in farm program decisions through the integration of formal mathematical optimisation into the planning process. Probing the potential for improvement, we investigate the cases of four Brandenburg cash crop farms over the last six years. We find that their total gross margins could have been increased significantly through a more sophisticated program planning. However, we also find that the superiority of formalised planning approaches depends on the quality of the data. The superior formal planning approach includes, in contrast to farmers’ ad hoc planning, a systematic time series analysis of gross margins and a stochastic optimisation model. For each of the six years, the formal planning approach provides optimised alternative programs based on the information available to the farmers at the respective time of planning. In order to avoid solutions that exceed the farmers’ risk tolerance, the variance of the observed program’s total gross margin which implicitly reflects the risk attitude of the individual farmer is used as an upper bound in the optimisation. Using the yields and prices realised at the end of each planning period, the total gross margins that could have been realized through the formally optimised programs in each year are then compared to those that were actually realised.
Soft Radiation from Scattering Amplitudes Revisited
Creators: name: A, Manu
name: Ghosh, Debodirna
name: Laddha, Alok
name: P., Athira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the recently developed formalism by Kosower, Maybee and O'Connell (KMO) to analyse the soft electromagnetic and soft gravitational radiation emitted by particles without spin in Four and higher dimensions. We use this formalism in conjunction with quantum soft theorems to derive radiative electro-magnetic and gravitational fields in low frequency expansion and to next to leading order in the coupling. We show that in all dimensions, the classical limit of sub-leading soft (photon and graviton) theorems is consistent with the classical soft theorems proved by Sen et al in a series of papers. In particular Saha, Sahoo and Sen proved classical soft theorems for electro-magnetic and gravitational radiation in Four dimensions. For the class of scattering processes that can be analyzed using KMO formalism, we show that the classical limit of quantum soft theorems is consistent with these classical soft theorems, paving the way for their proof from scattering amplitudes.
description: 53 pages, Improved presentation, typos corrected
phi meson production in Au + Au collisions at sqrt{s_{NN} = 200 GeV
Creators: name: PHENIX Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results on the mid-rapidity phi meson production in the K^{+}K^{-} decay channel in Au + Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The spectral shape of the phi resonance, studied at different collision centralities, is consistent with the particle data book. The transverse mass spectra are measured in four centrality bins. The inverse slopes (T), yields (dN/dy) and particle ratios are studied as a function of centrality. The nuclear modification factor is measured through the ratio, R_{CP}, of central to peripheral yields normalized to the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. The R_{CP} of the phi mesons is less than unity and is comparable to that of pions rather than R_{CP} ~ 1 observed for protons and anti-protons.
Additional file 2 of D1-plus vs D2 nodal dissection in gastric cancer: a propensity score matched comparison and review of published literature
Creators: name: Lorenzon, Laura
name: Giudicissi, Rosina
name: Scatizzi, Marco
name: Balducci, Genoveffa
name: Cantafio, Stefano
name: Biondi, Alberto
name: Persiani, Roberto
name: Mercantini, Paolo
name: D’Ugo, Domenico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2:Supplement File 1. Exclusion List
Efficacy of individual counseling versus group program in promoting healthier lifestyle behaviours among children (seven to 11 years old) who are overweight
Creators: name: Koh, Jiak Chin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically in Canada in recent decades. Despite this, treatment services are often limited, and when available, traditional weight control approaches have been criticized for unrealistic goals, possible adverse effects, and ultimately lack of long-term success. It is hypothesized that a group program focused on promoting healthier lifestyle behaviours for overweight children and their families in a fun, friendly and supportive. environment aimed at improving eating behaviour, physical activity, self-efficacy, and self-esteem would be more effective than individual counseling sessions despite a similar message. Forty-six children aged seven to 11 years with body mass index > 85th percentile were randomized with gender stratification to either a group program involving eight weekly two-hour sessions or a single one hour individual counseling session with a half-hour follow-up session two months later. Both groups were followed up 12 months after the initial session. Drop-out was high with only five and seven children respectively finishing the study, limiting its power. At 12 months, there were no differences between groups in change in body mass index (BMI) or triceps skinfold (TSF), although TSF (p=0.012) but not BMI fell in both groups. Questionnaire-measured physical activity level, self-efficacy and self-esteem did not differ between groups. This study concludes that, at least in the short term, a widely-focused group program for the management of childhood obesity is no better than individual nutritional counseling sessions with a similar message. Longer term studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of a healthful lifestyle approach in children, irrespective of the mode of delivery.
Relaxing the Upper Bound on the Mass of the Lightest Supersymmetric Higgs Boson
Creators: name: Birkedal, Andreas
name: Chacko, Z.
name: Nomura, Yasunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a class of supersymmetric models in which the lightest Higgs-boson mass can be as large as a few hundred GeV (200 - 300 GeV) while the successful MSSM prediction for gauge coupling unification is preserved. The theories are formulated on a 5D warped space truncated by two branes, and a part of the Higgs sector is localized on the infrared brane. The structure of the Higgs sector in the four dimensional effective theory below the Kaluza-Klein mass scale is essentially that of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM), or related theories. However, large values of the NMSSM couplings at the weak scale are now possible as these couplings are required to be perturbative only up to the infrared cutoff scale, which can in general be much lower than the unification scale. This allows the possibility of generating a large quartic coupling in the Higgs potential, and thereby significantly raising the Higgs-boson mass bound. We present two particularly simple models. In the first model, the quark and lepton fields are localized on the ultraviolet brane, where the grand unified symmetry is broken. In the second model, the quark and lepton fields are localized on the infrared brane, and the unified symmetry is broken both on the ultraviolet and infrared branes. Our theories potentially allow the possibility of a significant reduction in the fine-tuning needed for correct electroweak symmetry breaking, although this is somewhat model dependent.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Pulsar shadow as the origin of double notches in radio pulse profiles
Creators: name: Dyks, J.
name: Frackowiak, M.
name: Slowikowska, Agnieszka
name: Rudak, B.
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the model of eclipsing a rotating, spatially extended source of directional emission by a central absorber, and apply it to the pulsar magnetosphere. The model assumes the radially extended inward radio emission along the local direction of the magnetic field, and the pulsar as the absorber. The geometry of the magnetic field lines of the rotating dipole is favourable for the double eclipse events, which we identify with the double notches observed in pulse profiles of nearby pulsars. For pulsars with large dipole inclinations 70
description: 28 pages, 13 figures, accepted by ApJ, high-quality figures are available from http://www.ncac.torun.pl/~michalf/inward1_figs/
Nuclear modification of valence-quark distributions and its effects on NuTeV sin^2 theta_W anomaly
Creators: name: Hirai, M.
name: Kumano, S.
name: Nagai, T. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated a nuclear modification difference between up- and down-valence quark distributions by analyzing structure function F_2 and Drell-Yan cross-section ratios. Although nuclear modifications of the valence-quark distributions themselves are rather well determined, it is difficult to find their difference from the present data. We estimated such an effect on the NuTeV sin^2 theta_W value and its uncertainty by the Hessian method. At this stage, it is not large enough to explain the whole NuTeV anomaly. However, the modification difference cannot be precisely determined, so that further studies are needed.
description: 3 pages, LaTeX, 1 eps file, to be published in Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact04)
Pixel-based spectral characterization of mid-infrared Si array detectors for astronomical observations in space
Creators: name: Tsuchikawa, Takuro
name: Kaneda, Hidehiro
name: Ishihara, Daisuke
name: Kokusho, Takuma
name: Wada, Takehiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mid-infrared (IR) array detectors have been used for astronomical observations in space. However, the uniformities of their spectral response curves have not been investigated in detail, the understanding of which is important for spectroscopic observations using large array formats. We characterize the spectral responses of all the pixels in IR array detectors using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and cryogenic optics for measurements at high signal-to-noise ratios. We measured the spectral responses of the Si:As impurity band conduction (IBC) array, a flight back-up detector for AKARI/IRC. As a result, we find that the Si:As array has intrinsic variations in the spectral response along the row and column directions of the array. We also find that the cutoff wavelength of the Si:As IBC array depends on the intensity of the incident light.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in PASP
EVOLUTION OF ECONOMIC POLICY IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Hittler, Candice
name: Hittler, Candice
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Political Economy

description: Since 1994 South Africa has been unable to sustainably achieve the rates of economic growth necessary to decrease its very high level of unemployment. Inadequate growth has been exacerbated by a structural increase in the share of private non-tradables (skill-intensive) employment alongside a parallel decline in tradable (low-skill) employment. Against this backdrop the concept of “The Developmental State” has resurfaced in policy discussions. The 2009 Manifesto of the African National Congress declared a “state-led” industrial policy will lead to the transformation of the economy. However, there are significant institutional and governance constraints that need to be overcome if “state-led” industrial policy is to succeed.
CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AND AFRICAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE: A MARKET INCENTIVES AND LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
Creators: name: Saner, Nicola
name: Saner, Nicola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Local economic development (LED)
subject: traditional African medicine
subject: biodiversity
subject: sustainable development
subject: resource management systems
subject: tragedy of the commons incentives
subject: Umthathi training project.

description: The hidden economy surrounding the medicinal plant trade in South Africa is estimated to be worth approximately $60 to $100 billion per annum. There is increasing focus on the role that these resources play in the process of sustainable development. By combining Local Economic Development (LED), incentive structures and resource management systems strategies in the Eastern Cape, biodiversity degradation can be potentially decreased in line with community development goals. Qualitative data comparisons are used to assess the extent of the success of this holistic approach to development using the Umthathi Africulture Project as a case study.