cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Differential Helical Orientations among Related G Protein-coupled Receptors Provide a Novel Mechanism for Selectivity: STUDIES WITH SALVINORIN A AND THE κ-OPIOID RECEPTOR
Creators: name: Mosier, Philip D.
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Vortherms, Timothy A.
name: Westkaemper, Richard B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Salvinorin A, the active component of the hallucinogenic sage Salvia divinorum, is an apparently selective and highly potent kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist. Salvinorin A is unique among ligands for peptidergic G protein-coupled receptors in being nonnitrogenous and lipid-like in character. To examine the molecular basis for the subtype-selective binding of salvinorin A, we utilized an integrated approach using chimeric opioid receptors, site-directed mutagenesis, the substituted cysteine accessibility method, and molecular modeling and dynamics studies. We discovered that helix 2 is required for salvinorin A binding to KOR and that two residues (Val-108(2.53) and Val-118(2.63)) confer subtype selectivity. Intriguingly, molecular modeling studies predicted that these loci exhibit an indirect effect on salvinorin A binding, presumably through rotation of helix 2. Significantly, and in agreement with our in silico predictions, substituted cysteine accessibility method analysis of helix 2 comparing KOR and the delta-opioid receptor, which has negligible affinity for salvinorin A, revealed that residues known to be important for salvinorin A binding exhibit a differential pattern of water accessibility. These findings imply that differences in the helical orientation of helix 2 are critical for the selectivity of salvinorin A binding to KOR and provide a structurally novel basis for ligand selectivity.
Supplemental Table 1 from Transgenerational effects of parental light environment on progeny competitive performance and lifetime fitness.
Creators: name: Baker, Brennan H.
name: Sultan, Sonia E.
name: Lopez-Ichikawa, Maya
name: Waterman, Robin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Results of ANCOVA for parental effects on lifetime reproductive output from three-way ANCOVA that includes Days to Reproductive Onset as a covariate (other effects as described for ANOVA models). Significant p-values (adjusted for false discovery rate) are shown in bold (*p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns p ≥ 0.10). Details in Methods.
Direct Regulation of an Oncogenic Micro-RNA Cluster by E2F Transcription Factors
Creators: name: Woods, Keith
name: Hammond, Scott M.
name: Thomson, J. Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression via the RNA interference pathway. In addition to roles in normal development, miRNAs have recently been implicated in a range of human diseases, including cancer. We recently demonstrated that a polycistronic cluster of miRNAs, miR-17-92, is oncogenic in a mouse model for Burkitt's lymphoma. This is due, in part, to a reduced apoptotic program. In an effort to understand the regulation of miR-17-92, we have studied the promoter structure of this miRNA cluster. The primary transcript initiates from a consensus initiator sequence downstream of a nonconsensus TATA box. The core promoter region contains two functional E2F transcription factor binding sites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates that E2F3 is the primary E2F family member that occupies the promoter. These data place miR-17-92 in a regulatory loop between E2F3 and the miR-17 target E2F1. We propose a model whereby miR-17-92 promotes cell proliferation by shifting the E2F transcriptional balance away from the pro-apoptotic E2F1 and toward the proliferative E2F3 transcriptional network.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Transgenerational effects of parental light environment on progeny competitive performance and lifetime fitness
Creators: name: Baker, Brennan H.
name: Sultan, Sonia E.
name: Lopez-Ichikawa, Maya
name: Waterman, Robin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Effects of Parental Sun vs Parental Shade on height extension over time for plants grown in three contrasting offspring treatments, (a) Severe Shade; (b) Neighbor Shade; (c) Sunny Dry. Means ± s.e. are shown (pooled across 5 genotypes). The parental treatment effect varied significantly over time (Parental Treatment x Time interaction term, multivariate repeated-measures ANOVA) in the Sunny Dry offspring treatment (p = 0.039) but was marginally nonsignificant in Severe Shade (p = 0.074) and nonsignificant in Neighbor Shade (p = 0.269), where extension curves over time are nearly parallel. Significance tests are shown for the effect of Parental Shade versus Parental Sun on in each Offspring Treatment (Simple Effects Tests; † p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Details in Methods).
Bright and dark singlet excitons via linear and two-photon spectroscopy in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Berkelbach, Timothy C.
name: Hybertsen, Mark S.
name: Reichman, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the linear and two-photon spectroscopic selection rules for spin-singlet excitons in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides. Our microscopic formalism combines a fully $k$-dependent few-orbital band structure with a many-body Bethe-Salpeter equation treatment of the electron-hole interaction, using a model dielectric function. We show analytically and numerically that the single-particle, valley-dependent selection rules are preserved in the presence of excitonic effects. Furthermore, we definitively demonstrate that the bright (one-photon allowed) excitons have $s$-type azimuthal symmetry and that dark $p$-type excitons can be probed via two-photon spectroscopy. The screened Coulomb interaction in these materials substantially deviates from the $1/\varepsilon_0 r$ form; this breaks the "accidental" angular momentum degeneracy in the exciton spectrum, such that the 2$p$ exciton has a lower energy than the 2$s$ exciton by at least 50 meV. We compare our calculated two-photon absorption spectra to recent experimental measurements.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
PAPILLONS Magazine: Micro Plastics, Macro Problems
Creators: name: Farm Europe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: For the fourth edition of its newsletter (November 2024), PAPILLONS decided to release a special edition using a magazine format, which allowed to deliver a more comprehensive in-depth analysis of the project’s latest findings and on the evolution of the international regulatory framework on plastic pollution. 

The magazine dives deep into the critical issue of nano- and microplastics presence in agricultural soils, shedding light on their impact on soil health, food security, and environment. With insights from top researchers, industry and policy makers, this publication is a useful resource for understanding the challenges and solutions related to plastic pollution in agriculture.
(1538) William Hutton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Formation and Function of Flavin Anion Radical in Cryptochrome 1 Blue-Light Photoreceptor of Monarch Butterfly
Creators: name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Zhong, Dongping
name: Zhu, Haisun
name: Reppert, Steven M.
name: Kao, Ya Ting
name: Denaro, Tracy R.
name: Arat, N. Özlem
name: Song, Sang Hun
name: Öztürk, Nuri
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) cryptochrome 1 (DpCry1) belongs in the class of photosensitive insect cryptochromes. Here we purified DpCry1 expressed in a bacterial host and obtained the protein with a stoichiometric amount of the flavin cofactor in the two-electron oxidized, FAD(ox), form. Exposure of the purified protein to light converts the FAD(ox) to the FAD*(-) flavin anion radical by intraprotein electron transfer from a Trp residue in the apoenzyme. To test whether this novel photoreduction reaction is part of the DpCry1 physiological photocycle, we mutated the Trp residue that acts as the ultimate electron donor in flavin photoreduction. The mutation, W328F, blocked the photoreduction entirely but had no measurable effect on the light-induced degradation of DpCry1 in vivo. In light of this finding and the recently published action spectrum of this class of Crys, we conclude that DpCry1 and similar insect cryptochromes do not contain flavin in the FAD(ox) form in vivo and that, most likely, the [see text] photoreduction reaction is not part of the insect cryptochrome photoreaction that results in proteolytic degradation of the photopigment.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Transgenerational effects of parental light environment on progeny competitive performance and lifetime fitness
Creators: name: Baker, Brennan H.
name: Sultan, Sonia E.
name: Lopez-Ichikawa, Maya
name: Waterman, Robin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Genotypic variation for competitive performance of target plants grown in competitive arrays. Genotypic means ± s.e. are shown for (a) the effect of the target plant's Parental Treatment (Sun vs Shade) on its own reproductive output (competitive response, pooled across both background parental treatments); and (b) the effect of the background plants' Parental Treatment (Sun vs Shade) on the target plant's reproductive output (competitive effect; pooled across both target plant parental treatments). Significance tests are shown for the effect of Parental Shade versus Parental Sun on each genotype (Simple Effects Tests; † p < 0.10, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ns p ≥ 0.10. Details in Methods).
Using Genetic Algorithms for Privacy-Preserving Optimization ofMulti-Objective Assignment Problems in Time-Critical Settings:An Application in Air Traffic Flow Management (Appendix)
Creators: name: Feichtenschlager, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460203
subject: Evolutionary computation
classificationCode: 350303
subject: Business information systems

description: Appendix for the Paper "Using Genetic Algorithms for Privacy-Preserving Optimization of
Multi-Objective Assignment Problems in Time-Critical Settings:
An Application in Air Traffic Flow Management"
Dynamic control of defective gap mode through defect location
Creators: name: Chang, Lei
name: Li, Yinghong
name: Wu, Yun
name: Wang, Weimin
name: Song, Huimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 1D model is developed for defective gap mode (DGM) with two types of boundary conditions: conducting mesh and conducting sleeve. For a periodically modulated system without defect, the normalized width of spectral gaps equals to the modulation factor, which is consistent with previous studies. For a periodic system with local defects introduced by the boundary conditions, it shows that the conducting-mesh-induced DGM is always well confined by spectral gaps while the conducting-sleeve-induced DGM is not. The defect location can be a useful tool to dynamically control the frequency and spatial periodicity of DGM inside spectral gaps. This controllability can be applied to optical microcavities and waveguides in photonic crystals and the interaction between gap eigenmodes and energetic particles in fusion plasmas.
description: Videos are available through email correspondence: leichang_plasma@163.com
(1539) Henrietta Luiza Newton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Origin of nonlinearity and plausible turbulence by hydromagnetic transient growth in accretion disks: Faster growth rate than magnetorotational instability
Creators: name: Nath, Sujit Kumar
name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of hydromagnetic perturbations in a small section of accretion disks. It is known that molecular viscosity is negligible in accretion disks. Hence, it has been argued that a mechanism, known as Magnetorotational Instability (MRI), is responsible for transporting matter in the presence of weak magnetic field. However, there are some shortcomings, which question effectiveness of MRI. Now the question arises, whether other hydromagnetic effects, e.g. transient growth (TG), can play important role to bring nonlinearity in the system, even at weak magnetic fields. Otherwise, whether MRI or TG, which is primarily responsible to reveal nonlinearity to make the flow turbulent? Our results prove explicitly that the flows with high Reynolds number (Re), which is the case of realistic astrophysical accretion disks, exhibit nonlinearity by TG of perturbation modes faster than that by modes producing MRI. For a fixed wave vector, MRI dominates over transient effects, only at low Re, lower than its value expected to be in astrophysical accretion disks, and low magnetic fields. This seriously questions (overall) persuasiveness of MRI in astrophysical accretion disks.
description: 9 pages including 7 figures; version published in Physical Review E
Supplemental Table 1 from Transgenerational effects of parental light environment on progeny competitive performance and lifetime fitness
Creators: name: Baker, Brennan H.
name: Sultan, Sonia E.
name: Lopez-Ichikawa, Maya
name: Waterman, Robin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Results of ANCOVA for parental effects on lifetime reproductive output from three-way ANCOVA that includes Days to Reproductive Onset as a covariate (other effects as described for ANOVA models). Significant p-values (adjusted for false discovery rate) are shown in bold (*p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns p ≥ 0.10). Details in Methods.
ESM - Text S1 - Figs S1-S10 - Tables S2-S4 from Extreme and rapid bursts of functional adaptations shape bite force in amniotes.
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Manabu
name: Ruta, Marcello
name: Venditti, Chris
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supporting information for methods, supplementary results, supporting figs and tables
Impact of Two Novel Mutations on the Structure and Function of Human Myeloperoxidase
Creators: name: Goedken, Melissa
name: McCormick, Sally
name: Astern, Joshua M.
name: Nauseef, William M.
name: Kameoka, Yosuke
name: Leidal, Kevin G.
name: Huang, Meilan
name: Cherkasov, Artem
name: Suzuki, Kazuo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO) contributes critically to O(2)-dependent neutrophil antimicrobial activity. Two Japanese adults were identified with inherited MPO deficiency because of mutations at Arg-499 or Gly-501, conserved residues near the proximal histidine in the heme pocket. Because of the proximity of these residues to a critical histidine in the heme pocket, we examined the biosynthesis, function, and spectral properties of the peroxidase stably expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Biosynthesis of normal MPO by human embryonic kidney cells faithfully mirrored events previously identified in cells expressing endogenous MPO. Mutant apopro-MPO was 90 kDa and interacted normally with the molecular chaperones ERp57, calreticulin, and calnexin in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, mutant precursors were not proteolytically processed into subunits of MPO, although secretion of the unprocessed precursors occurred normally. Although delta-[(14)C]aminolevulinic acid incorporation demonstrated formation of pro-MPO in both mutants, neither protein was enzymatically active. The Soret band for each mutant was shifted from the normal 430 to approximately 412 nm, confirming that heme was incorporated but suggesting that the number of covalent bonds or other structural aspects of the heme pocket were disrupted by the mutations. These studies demonstrate that despite heme incorporation, mutations in the heme environs compromised the oxidizing potential of MPO.
(1535) Robert Henry Matterson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Estimation of rice acreage in the Dangjin province by using Kompsat-2 satellite images
Creators: name: Park, Misung
name: Park, Misung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: remote sensing: RS
subject: satellite images
subject: rice acreage

description: The purpose of this study is to estimate rice acreage and forecast agricultural outlook by using satellite images to forecast agricultural outlook. Rice was chosen because the acreage of the crop can easily be identified by using remote sensing technology. Dangjin, a rural county with a large rice acreage, was chosen as the sample region. Kompsat-2 satellite images were used since they were inexpensive to obtain. The method used to classify satellite images is based on three key concepts: segmentation, object-based classification, and accuracy verification. We found that the accuracy of analyzing satellite images was not different from the accuracy of on-site inspections. The accuracy of identifying rice paddy fields was very high at 90.8% on average. This study showed that remote sensing technology can actually be used to estimate rice acreage and forecast agricultural outlook. However, since it is difficult to use high-resolution satellite images because they are not readily available, and thus expensive to process, it is necessary to consider using medium-resolution satellite images.
$Z_c(3900)$ as a resonance from the $D\bar{D}^*$ interaction
Creators: name: He, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper it is proposed that the charged charmonium-like state $Z_c(3900)$ is a resonance above the threshold from the $D\bar{D}^*$ interaction. The $D\bar{D}^*$ interaction is described by the one-boson exchange model with light meson exchanges plus a short-range $J/ψ$ exchange. The scattering amplitude is calculated within a Bethe-Salpeter equation approach and the poles near the $D\bar{D}^*$ threshold are searched. In the isoscalar sector, two poles found under the $D\bar{D}^*$ threshold, i.e., bound states, have the quantum numbers $I^G(J^{PC})=0^-(1^{+-})$ and $0^+(1^{++})$. The latter can be related to the $X(3872)$. In the isovector sector, a bound state with $I^G(J^P)=1^+(1^+)$ is found with a large cutoff at about 3 GeV. If a cutoff at about 2 GeV is adopted with which a pole carrying the quantum number of the $X(3872)$ is produced at an energy of about 3871 MeV, the pole for the bound state with $1^+(1^+)$ runs across the threshold to a second Rienman sheet and becomes a resonance above the $D\bar{D}^*$ threshold, which can be identified with the $Z_c(3900)$. With such a cutoff, the $D\bar{D}^{*}$ invariant mass spectrum is also investigated and the experimental results found by BESIII can be reproduced.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Directional Time-Distance Probing of Model Sunspot Atmospheres
Creators: name: Moradi, H.
name: Cally, P. S.
name: Przybylski, D.
name: Shelyag, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A crucial feature not widely accounted for in local helioseismology is that surface magnetic regions actually open a window from the interior into the solar atmosphere, and that the seismic waves leak through this window, reflect high in the atmosphere, and then re-enter the interior to rejoin the seismic wave field normally confined there. In a series of recent numerical studies using translation invariant atmospheres, we utilised a "directional time-distance helioseismology" measurement scheme to study the implications of the returning fast and Alfvén waves higher up in the solar atmosphere on the seismology at the photosphere (Cally & Moradi 2013; Moradi & Cally 2014). In this study, we extend our directional time-distance analysis to more realistic sunspot-like atmospheres to better understand the direct effects of the magnetic field on helioseismic travel-time measurements in sunspots. In line with our previous findings, we uncover a distinct frequency-dependant directional behaviour in the travel-time measurements, consistent with the signatures of MHD mode conversion. We found this to be the case regardless of the sunspot field strength or depth of its Wilson depression. We also isolated and analysed the direct contribution from purely thermal perturbations to the measured travel times, finding that waves propagating in the umbra are much more sensitive to the underlying thermal effects of the sunspot.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal
Topological magneto-electric effects in thin films of topological insulators
Creators: name: Morimoto, Takahiro
name: Furusaki, Akira
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the topological magneto-electric (ME) effect, a hallmark of topological insulators (TIs), can be realized in thin films of TIs in the $ν=0$ quantum Hall state under magnetic field or by doping two magnetic ions with opposite signs of exchange coupling. These setups have the advantage compared to previously proposed setups that a uniform configuration of magnetic field or magnetization is sufficient for the realization of the topological ME effect. To verify our proposal, we numerically calculate ME response of TI thin films in the cylinder geometry and that of effective 2D models of surface Dirac fermions. The ME response is shown to converge to the quantized value corresponding to the axion angle $θ=\pm π$ in the limit of the large top and bottom surface area of TI films, where non-topological contributions from the bulk and the side surface are negligible.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Relationship between Agricultural Product Sales Promotion and Purchase of Visitors
Creators: name: Cha, Donguk
name: Cha, Donguk
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: sales promotion
subject: purchase behavior of visitors

description: This study is to analyze the relationship between agricultural product sales promotion and purchase of visitors. In addition, this study investigates the causality between IFFE (International Fermented Food Expo) participants and communication process of visitor's purchase by analyzing the purchase and behavior of visitors as well as the purpose of the visit. Results indicated that sales promotion variable has more influence on purchase group than purchase reservation group. Odds ratio of price reduction (and of free tasting and sample) was relatively higher than that of bonus pack. Among information service variables, personal marketing and catalog odds ratio was higher than that of advertisement. As for party type, family type showed the highest observation frequency in purchase group, while group and couple type showed the highest observation frequency in purchase reservation group. In case of purpose of visit, 'education and experience' and atmosphere of the event indicated the highest observation frequency. However, purchase of product, which is the purpose of the event, showed low observation frequency. Observation frequency of purchase reservation group was relatively high in the categories of 'atmosphere of the event' and 'tour and visit after taking care of another business. However, observation frequency of the purchase group was highest in the categories of ‘purchase of products’ and ‘education and experience.’
(1532) Mary A [Nicholson]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ESM - Text S1 - Figs S1-S10 - Tables S2-S4 from Extreme and rapid bursts of functional adaptations shape bite force in amniotes
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Manabu
name: Ruta, Marcello
name: Venditti, Chris
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supporting information for methods, supplementary results, supporting figs and tables
Inhibition of APC Cdh1 Activity by Cdh1/Acm1/Bmh1 Ternary Complex Formation
Creators: name: Borchers, Christoph H.
name: Petrotchenko, Evgeniy V.
name: Dial, J. Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is an essential E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for catalyzing proteolysis of key regulatory proteins in the cell cycle. Cdh1 is a co-activator of the APC aiding in the onset and maintenance of G(1) phase, whereas phosphorylation of Cdh1 at the end of G(1) phase by cyclin-dependent kinases assists in the inactivation of APC(Cdh1). Here, we suggest additional components are involved in the inactivation of APC(Cdh1) independent of Cdh1 phosphorylation. We have identified proteins known as Acm1 and Bmh1, which bind and form a ternary complex with Cdh1. The presence of phosphorylated Acm1 is critical for the ternary complex formation, and Acm1 is predominantly expressed in S phase when APC(Cdh1) is inactive. The assembly of the ternary complex inhibits ubiquitination of Clb2 in vitro by blocking the interaction of Cdh1 with Clb2. In vivo, lethality caused by overexpression of constitutively active Cdh1 is rescued by overexpression of Acm1. Partially phosphorylated Cdh1 in the absence of ACM1 still binds to and activates the APC. However, the addition of Acm1 decreases Clb2 ubiquitination when using either phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated Cdh1. Taken together, our results suggest an additional inactivation mechanism exists for APC(Cdh1) that is independent of Cdh1 phosphorylation.
Gravitational Microlensing I: A Unique Astrophysical Tool
Creators: name: Rahvar, Sohrab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we review the astrophysical application of gravitational microlensing. After introducing the history of gravitational lensing, we present the key equations and concept of microlensing. The most frequent microlensing events are single-lens events and historically it has been used for searching dark matter in the form of compact astrophysical halo objects in the Galactic halo. We discuss about the degeneracy problem in the parameters of lens and perturbation effects that can partially break the degeneracy between the lens parameters. The rest of paper is about the astrophysical applications of microlensing. One of the important applications is in the stellar physics by probing the surface of source stars in the high magnification microlensing events. The astrometric and polarimetric observations will be complimentary for probing the atmosphere and stellar spots on the surface of source stars. Finally we discuss about the future projects as space based telescopes for parallax and astrometry observations of microlensing events. With this project, we would expect to produce a complete stellar and remnant mass function and study the structure of Galaxy in term of distribution of stars along our line of sight towards the centre of galaxy.
description: 35 pages, 15 Figures, invited review for IJMPD
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration as a Source of Adaphostin-induced Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxicity
Creators: name: Flatten, Karen
name: Holmuhamedov, Ekhson L.
name: Wang, Qi
name: Buhrow, Sarah
name: Hailer, M. Katie
name: Lemasters, John J.
name: Kaufmann, Scott H.
name: Ames, Matthew M.
name: Sausville, Edward A.
name: Bible, Keith C.
name: Pang, Yuan Ping
name: Le, Son B.
name: Pediaditakis, Peter
name: Lewis, Lionel D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Adaphostin is a dihydroquinone derivative that is undergoing extensive preclinical testing as a potential anticancer drug. Previous studies have suggested that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the cytotoxicity of this agent. In this study, we investigated the source of these ROS. Consistent with the known chemical properties of dihydroquinones, adaphostin simultaneously underwent oxidation to the corresponding quinone and generated ROS under aqueous conditions. Interestingly, however, this quinone was not detected in intact cells. Instead, high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that adaphostin was concentrated by up to 300-fold in cells relative to the extracellular medium and that the highest concentration of adaphostin (3000-fold over extracellular concentrations) was detected in mitochondria. Consistent with a mitochondrial site for adaphostin action, adaphostin-induced ROS production was diminished by >75% in MOLT-4 rho(0) cells, which lack mitochondrial electron transport, relative to parental MOLT-4 cells. In addition, inhibition of oxygen consumption was observed when intact cells were treated with adaphostin. Loading of isolated mitochondria to equivalent adaphostin concentrations caused inhibition of uncoupled oxygen consumption in mitochondria incubated with the complex I substrates pyruvate and malate or the complex II substrate succinate. Further analysis demonstrated that adaphostin had no effect on pyruvate or succinate dehydrogenase activity. Instead, adaphostin inhibited reduced decylubiquinone-induced cytochrome c reduction, identifying complex III as the site of inhibition by this agent. Moreover, adaphostin enhanced the production of ROS by succinate-charged mitochondria. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that mitochondrial respiration rather than direct redox cycling of the hydroquinone moiety is a source of adaphostin-induced ROS and identify complex III as a potential target for antineoplastic agents.
Surveys, Astrometric Follow-up & Population Statistics
Creators: name: Jedicke, Robert
name: Granvik, Mikael
name: Micheli, Marco
name: Ryan, Eileen
name: Spahr, Timothy
name: Yeomans, Donald K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asteroid surveys are the backbone of asteroid science, and with this in mind we begin with a broad review of the impact of asteroid surveys on our field. We then provide a brief history of asteroid discoveries so as to place contemporary and future surveys in perspective. Surveys in the United States have discovered the vast majority of the asteroids and this dominance has been consolidated since the publication of Asteroids III. Our descriptions of the asteroid surveys that have been operational since that time are focussed upon those that have contributed the vast majority of asteroid observations and discoveries. We also provide some insight into upcoming next-generation surveys that are sure to alter our understanding of the small bodies in the inner solar system and provide evidence to untangle their complicated dynamical and physical histories. The Minor Planet Center, the nerve center of the asteroid discovery effort, has improved its operations significantly in the past decade so that it can manage the increasing discovery rate, and ensure that it is well-placed to handle the data rates expected in the next decade. We also consider the difficulties associated with astrometric follow-up of newly identified objects. It seems clear that both of these efforts must operate in new modes in order to keep pace with expected discovery rates of next-generation ground- and space-based surveys.
description: Chapter to appear in the book ASTEROIDS IV, (University of Arizona Press) Space Science Series, edited by P. Michel, F. DeMeo and W. Bottke
Unified understanding of superconductivity and Mott transition in alkali-doped fullerides from first principles
Creators: name: Nomura, Yusuke
name: Sakai, Shiro
name: Capone, Massimo
name: Arita, Ryotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alkali-doped fullerides A3C60 (A=K, Rb, Cs) are surprising materials where conventional phonon-mediated superconductivity and unconventional Mott physics meet, leading to a remarkable phase diagram as a function of the volume per C60 molecule. Here we address these materials with a state-of-the-art calculation, where we construct a realistic low-energy model from first principles without using a priori information other than the crystal structure and solve it with an accurate many-body theory. Remarkably our scheme comprehensively reproduces the experimental phase diagram including the low-spin Mott-insulating phase next to the superconducting phase. Most remarkably, the critical temperature Tc's calculated from first principles quantitatively reproduce the experimental values. The driving force behind the surprising phase diagram of A3C60 is a subtle competition between Hund's coupling and Jahn-Teller phonons, which leads to an effectively inverted Hund's coupling. Our results establish that the fullerides are the first members of a novel class of molecular superconductors in which the multiorbital electronic correlations and phonons cooperate to reach high-Tc s-wave superconductivity.
description: Main text: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Supplemental Material: 9 pages, 2 figure, 2 tables
(1533) Elvina Elizabeth Matterson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(1534) Frederic Edward L Matterson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electronic supplementary material from Variation in multicomponent recognition cues alters egg rejection decisions: a test of the optimal acceptance threshold hypothesis.
Creators: name: Hanley, Daniel
name: López, Analía V.
name: Fiorini, Vanina D.
name: Reboreda, Juan C.
name: Tomáš Grim
name: Hauber, Mark E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: The optimal acceptance threshold hypothesis provides a general predictive framework for testing behavioural responses to discrimination challenges. Decision-makers should respond to a stimulus when the perceived difference between that stimulus and a comparison template surpasses an acceptance threshold. We tested how individual components of a relevant recognition cue (experimental eggs) contributed to behavioural responses of chalk-browed mockingbirds, Mimus saturninus, a frequent host of the parasitic shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis. To do this, we recorded responses to eggs that varied with respect to two components: colour, ranging from bluer to browner than the hosts' own eggs, and spotting, either spotted like their own or unspotted. Although tests of this hypothesis typically assume that decisions are based on perceived colour dissimilarity between own and foreign eggs, we found that decisions were biased toward rejecting browner eggs. However, as predicted, hosts tolerated spotted eggs more than unspotted eggs, irrespective of colour. These results uncover how a single component of a multicomponent cue can shift a host’s discrimination threshold and illustrate how the optimal acceptance threshold hypothesis can be used as a framework to quantify the direction and amount of the shift (in avian perceptual units) of the response curve across relevant phenotypic ranges.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The co-evolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern’.
Leukocyte Antigen-related Deficiency Enhances Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Promotes Neointima Formation in Response to Vascular Injury
Creators: name: Madamanchi, Nageswara R.
name: Rojas, Mauricio
name: Li, Juxiang
name: Runge, Marschall S.
name: Niu, Xi Lin
name: Hakim, Zeenat S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Increase in the expression of leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) protein causes insulin resistance, an important contributor to atherosclerosis. However, the function of LAR in atherosclerosis is not known. To address whether LAR is important in the response of vascular cells to atherogenic stimuli, we investigated cell proliferation, migration, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in wild-type and LAR(-/-) mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) treated with IGF-1. Absence of LAR significantly enhanced proliferation and migration of VSMC compared with wild-type cells after IGF-1 treatment. U0126 and LY249002, specific inhibitors of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, respectively, inhibited IGF-1-induced DNA synthesis and migration in both wild-type and LAR(-/-) VSMC. IGF-1 markedly enhanced IGF-1R phosphorylation in both wild-type and LAR(-/-) VSMC, but the phosphorylation was 90% higher in knock-out cells compared with wild-type cells. Absence of LAR enhanced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and insulin receptor substrate-1-associated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in VSMC treated with IGF-1. IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 also increased significantly in LAR(-/-) VSMC compared with wild-type cells. Furthermore, LAR directly binds to IGF-1R in glutathione S-transferase-LAR pull-down and IGF-1R immunoprecipitation experiments and recombinant LAR dephosphorylates IGF-1R in vitro. Neointima formation in response to arterial injury and IGF-1R phosphorylation in neointima increased significantly in LAR(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. A significant decrease in body weight, fasting insulin, and IGF-1 levels were observed in LAR(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Together, these data indicate that LAR regulates IGF-1R signaling in VSMC and dysregulation of this phosphatase may lead to VSMC hyperplasia.
Appendix for Paper: Distance Learning in Times of COVID-19 at Austrian Schools:  A Rapid Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Brünner, Benedikt
name: Ebner, Martin
name: Burgsteiner, Harald
Publisher: name: Graz University of Technology
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Educational sciences
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Appendix for the paper "Distance Learning in Times of COVID-19 at Austrian Schools:  A Rapid Systematic Literature Review" describing the included reports.
Non-radial oscillations of the magnetized rotating stars with purely toroidal magnetic fields
Creators: name: Asai, Hidetaka
name: Lee, Umin
name: Yoshida, Shijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate non-axisymmetric oscillations of uniformly rotating polytropes magnetized with a purely toroidal magnetic field, taking account of the effects of the deformation due to the magnetic field. As for rotation, we consider only the effects of Coriolis force on the oscillation modes, ignoring those of the centrifugal force, that is, of the rotational deformation of the star. Since separation of variables is not possible for the oscillation of rotating magnetized stars, we employ finite series expansions for the perturbations using spherical harmonic functions. We calculate magnetically modified normal modes such as $g$-, $f$-, $p$-, $r$-, and inertial modes. In the lowest order, the frequency shifts produced by the magnetic field scale with the square of the characteristic Alfvén frequency. As a measure of the effects of the magnetic field, we calculate the proportionality constant for the frequency shifts for various oscillation modes. We find that the effects of the deformation are significant for high frequency modes such as $f$- and $p$-modes but unimportant for low frequency modes such as $g$-, $r$-, and inertial modes.
ОХИРГИ ЗАРУРАТ ИНСТИТУТИНИНГ МАЗМУН ВА МОҲИЯТИ
Creators: name: Ахмедова, Ситора
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Долзарблиги: Охирги зарурат қилмишнинг жиноийлигини истисно қилувчи ҳолат сифатида шаҳснинг хуқуқ ва эркинликларини ҳимояи қилишда жуда муҳим ахамият касб этади. Охирги зарурат шахснинг қилмишини енгиллаштирувчи ҳолат сифатида ижтимоий фойдали ва қонуний деб тан олиниши натижасида шахснинг жавобгарликдан озод қилиниши факти, унинг шахснинг хуқуқ ва эркинликларини таъминлашда мухим ўрин тутишини билиш мумкин. Мақолада охирги зарурат тушунчаси ва аҳамияти, ижтимоий ҳуқуқий зарурати, ушбу институт билан боғлиқ амалиётдаги айрим муаммолар бўйича фикр-мулоҳазалар юритилиб, таклиф ва тавсиялар ёритилган.
Loading of the Nonhomologous End Joining Factor, Ku, on Protein-occluded DNA Ends
Creators: name: Roberts, Steven A.
name: Ramsden, Dale A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The nonhomologous end joining pathway for DNA double strand break repair requires Ku to bind DNA ends and subsequently recruit other nonhomologous end joining factors, including the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit and the XRCC4-Ligase IV complex, to the break site. Ku loads at a break by threading the DNA ends through a circular channel in its structure. This binding mechanism explains both the high specificity of Ku for ends and its ability to translocate along DNA once loaded. However, DNA in cells is typically coated with other proteins (e.g. histones), which might be expected to block the ability of Ku to load in this manner. Here we address how the nature of a protein obstruction dictates how Ku interacts with a DNA end. Ku is unable to access the ends within an important intermediate in V(D)J recombination (a complex of RAG proteins bound to cleaved recombination targeting signals), but Ku readily displaces the linker histone, H1, from DNA. Ku also retains physiological affinity for nucleosome-associated ends. Loading onto nucleosome-associated ends still occurs by threading the end through its channel, but rather than displacing the nucleosome, Ku peels as much as 50 bp of DNA away from the histone octamer surface. We suggest a model where Ku utilizes an unusual characteristic of its three-dimensional structure to recognize certain protein-occluded ends without the extensive remodeling of chromatin structure required by other DNA repair pathways.