cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exoplanetary Geophysics -- An Emerging Discipline
Creators: name: Laughlin, Gregory
name: Lissauer, Jack J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thousands of extrasolar planets have been discovered, and it is clear that the galactic planetary census draws on a diversity greatly exceeding that exhibited by the solar system's planets. We review significant landmarks in the chronology of extrasolar planet detection, and we give an overview of the varied observational techniques that are brought to bear. We then discuss the properties of the currently known distribution, using the mass-period diagram as a guide to delineating hot Jupiters, eccentric giant planets, and a third, highly populous, category that we term "ungiants", planets having masses less than 30 Earth masses and orbital periods less than 100 days. We then move to a discussion of the bulk compositions of the extrasolar planets. We discuss the long-standing problem of radius anomalies among giant planets, as well as issues posed by the unexpectedly large range in sizes observed for planets with masses somewhat greater than Earth's. We discuss the use of transit observations to probe the atmospheres of extrasolar planets; various measurements taken during primary transit, secondary eclipse, and through the full orbital period, can give clues to the atmospheric compositions, structures, and meteorologies. The extrasolar planet catalog, along with the details of our solar system and observations of star-forming regions and protoplanetary disks, provide a backdrop for a discussion of planet formation in which we review the elements of the favored pictures for how the terrestrial and giant planets were assembled. We conclude by listing several research questions that are relevant to the next ten years and beyond.
description: Review chapter to appear in Treatise on Geophysics, 2nd Edition
Discovery of an Extremely Short Duration Flare from Proxima Centauri Using Millimeter through Far-ultraviolet Observations
Creators: name: Hughes, A.
name: Macgregor, M.A.
name: Barclay, T.
name: Zic, A.
name: Howard, W.S.
name: Youngblood, A.
name: Shkolnik, E.
name: Cranmer, S.R.
name: Murphy, T.
name: Law, N.M.
name: Matthews, J.
name: Forbrich, J.
name: Boley, A.
name: Estes, A.
name: Weinberger, A.J.
name: Osten, R.A.
name: Loyd, R.O.P.
name: Lenc, E.
name: Wilner, D.J.
name: Kowalski, A.F.
Publisher: name: American Astronomical Society
Year: 2021

description: We present the discovery of an extreme flaring event from Proxima Cen by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), and the du Pont Telescope that occurred on 2019 May 1. In the millimeter and FUV, this flare is the brightest ever detected, brightening by a factor of >1000 and >14,000 as seen by ALMA and HST, respectively. The millimeter and FUV continuum emission trace each other closely during the flare, suggesting that millimeter emission could serve as a proxy for FUV emission from stellar flares and become a powerful new tool to constrain the high-energy radiation environment of exoplanets. Surprisingly, optical emission associated with the event peaks at a much lower level with a time delay. The initial burst has an extremely short duration, lasting for <10 s. Taken together with the growing sample of millimeter M dwarf flares, this event suggests that millimeter emission is actually common during stellar flares and often originates from short burst-like events.
Multi-objective optimisation of reliable product-plant network configuration.
Creators: name: Brintrup, Alexandra
name: Puchkova, Alena
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018

description: Ensuring manufacturing reliability is key to satisfying product orders when production plants are subject to disruptions. Reliability of a supply network is closely related to the redundancy of products as production in disrupted plants can be replaced by alternative plants. However the benefits of incorporating redundancy must be balanced against the costs of doing so. Models in literature are highly case specific and do not consider complex network structures and redundant distributions of products over suppliers, that are evident in empirical literature. In this paper we first develop a simple generic measure for evaluating the reliability of a network of plants in a given product-plant configuration. Second, we frame the problem as a multi-objective evolutionary optimisation model to show that such a measure can be used to optimise the cost-reliability trade off. The model has been applied to a producer’s automotive light and lamp production network using three popular genetic algorithms designed for multi-objective problems, namely, NSGA2, SPEA2 and PAES. Using the model in conjunction with genetic algorithms we were able to find trade off solutions successfully. NSGA2 has achieved the best results in terms of Pareto front spread. Algorithms differed considerably in their performance, meaning that the choice of algorithm has significant impact in the resulting search space exploration.
Non-linear Sylow branching coefficients for symmetric groups
Creators: name: Giannelli, Eugenio
name: Volpato, Giada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C15, 20C30, 20B30, 20B35

description: We study the restriction to Sylow subgroups of irreducible characters of symmetric groups. In particular, we focus our attention on constituents of degree greater than 1. Our main result is a wide generalization of Theorem 3.1 of Giannelli and Navarro, "Restricting irreducible characters to Sylow p-subgroups".
Additional file 1 of Oral administration of a recombinant modified RBD antigen of SARS-CoV-2 as a possible immunostimulant for the care of COVID-19
Creators: name: Valdez‑Cruz, Norma A.
name: Rosiles-Becerril, Diego
name: Martínez-Olivares, Constanza E.
name: García‑Hernández, Enrique
name: Cobos-Marín, Laura
name: Garzón, Daniel
name: López-Salas, Francisco E.
name: Zavala, Guadalupe
name: Luviano, Axel
name: Olvera, Alejandro
name: Alagón, Alejandro
name: Ramírez, Octavio T.
name: Trujillo‑Roldán, Mauricio A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. MALDI-TOF mass spectrum for intact RBD and RBD-P with placed on a CHCA (α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) matrix. Figure S2. Cross sections of recombinant E. coli producing RBD (left) and RBD-P (right), seen under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Figure S3. Murine serum obtained from immunization with the recombinant RBD-P or RBD from Wuhan (x-axis).
First-principles study of magnetic states and the anomalous Hall conductivity of $M$Nb$_3$S$_6$ ($M$=Co, Fe, Mn, and Ni)
Creators: name: Park, Hyowon
name: Heinonen, Olle
name: Martin, Ivar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the observation of the extremely large anomalous Hall effect in the absence of applied magnetic fields or uniform magnetization in CoNb$_3$S$_6$ [Nature Comm. 9, 3280 (2018); Phys. Rev. Research 2, 023051 (2020)], we perform a first-principles study of this and related compounds of the $M$Nb$_3$S$_6$ type with different transition metal $M$ ions to determine their magnetic orders and the anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC). We find that non-coplanar antiferromagnetic ordering is favored relative to collinear or coplanar order in the case of $M$=Co, Fe and Ni, while ferromagnetic ordering is favored in MnNb$_3$S$_6$ at low temperatures. The AHC in these materials with non-coplanar spin ordering can reach about $e^2/h$ per crystalline layer, while being negligible for coplanar and collinear cases. We also find that the AHC depends sensitively on doping and reaches a maximum for intermediate values of the local spin exchange potential between 0.3 and 0.8 eV. Our AHC results are consistent with the reported Hall measurements in CoNb$_3$S$_6$ and suggest a possibility of similarly large anomalous Hall effects in related compounds.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
The Online Disjoint Set Cover Problem and its Applications
Creators: name: Pananjady, Ashwin
name: Bagaria, Vivek Kumar
name: Vaze, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given a universe $U$ of $n$ elements and a collection of subsets $\mathcal{S}$ of $U$, the maximum disjoint set cover problem (DSCP) is to partition $\mathcal{S}$ into as many set covers as possible, where a set cover is defined as a collection of subsets whose union is $U$. We consider the online DSCP, in which the subsets arrive one by one (possibly in an order chosen by an adversary), and must be irrevocably assigned to some partition on arrival with the objective of minimizing the competitive ratio. The competitive ratio of an online DSCP algorithm $A$ is defined as the maximum ratio of the number of disjoint set covers obtained by the optimal offline algorithm to the number of disjoint set covers obtained by $A$ across all inputs. We propose an online algorithm for solving the DSCP with competitive ratio $\ln n$. We then show a lower bound of $Ω(\sqrt{\ln n})$ on the competitive ratio for any online DSCP algorithm. The online disjoint set cover problem has wide ranging applications in practice, including the online crowd-sourcing problem, the online coverage lifetime maximization problem in wireless sensor networks, and in online resource allocation problems.
description: To appear in IEEE INFOCOM 2015
Tomographic phase and attenuation extraction for a sample composed of unknown materials using X-ray propagation-based phase-contrast imaging
Creators: name: Alloo, Samantha J.
name: Paganin, David M.
name: Morgan, Kaye S.
name: Gureyev, Timur E.
name: Mayo, Sherry C.
name: Mohammadi, Sara
name: Lockie, Darren
name: Menk, Ralf Hendrik
name: Arfelli, Fulvia
name: Zanconati, Fabrizio
name: Tromba, Giuliana
name: Pavlov, Konstantin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PB-PCXI) generates image contrast by utilizing sample-imposed phase-shifts. This has proven useful when imaging weakly-attenuating samples, as conventional attenuation-based imaging does not always provide adequate contrast. We present a PB-PCXI algorithm capable of extracting the X-ray attenuation, $β$, and refraction, $δ$, components of the complex refractive index of distinct materials within an unknown sample. The method involves curve-fitting an error-function-based model to a phase-retrieved interface in a PB-PCXI tomographic reconstruction, which is obtained when Paganin-type phase-retrieval is applied with incorrect values of $δ$ and $β$. The fit parameters can then be used to calculate true $δ$ and $β$ values for composite materials. This approach requires no a priori sample information, making it broadly applicable. Our PB-PCXI reconstruction is single distance, requiring only one exposure per tomographic angle, which is important for radiosensitive samples. We apply this approach to a breast-tissue sample, recovering the refraction component, $δ$, with 0.6 - 2.4\% accuracy compared to theoretical values.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures and 1 table
Additional file 1 of Associations between cardiometabolic multimorbidity and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in cognitively intact adults: the CABLE study
Creators: name: Li, Qiong-Yao
name: Hu, He-Ying
name: Zhang, Gao-Wen
name: Hu, Hao
name: Ou, Ya-Nan
name: Huang, Liang-Yu
name: Wang, An-Yi
name: Gao, Pei-Yang
name: Ma, Li-Yun
name: Tan, Lan
name: Yu, Jin-Tai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Diagnosis of cardiometabolic diseases. Supplementary Table 2. Associations of single cardiometabolic disease and CSF AD biomarkers in cognitively intact participants. Supplementary Table 3. Interaction effects analyses of associations between CMD status with CSF AD biomarkers. Supplementary Table 4. Subgroup analyses of associations between CMD status with CSF AD biomarkers. Supplementary Table 5. Associations between the varying CMDs combinations with CSF P-tau181 and T-tau. Supplementary Table 6. Sensitivity analyses of associations between CMD status with CSF tau-related biomarkers additionally adjusting for Aβ42. Supplementary Table 7. Sensitivity analyses of associations between CMD status grouped by the length of disease with CSF AD biomarkers. Supplementary Figure 1. The distribution of patients in different subgroups according to CMD status.
libdlr: Efficient imaginary time calculations using the discrete Lehmann representation
Creators: name: Kaye, Jason
name: Chen, Kun
name: Strand, Hugo U. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.4; J.2; G.1.2
subject: 81-04, 65D15

description: We introduce libdlr, a library implementing the recently introduced discrete Lehmann representation (DLR) of imaginary time Green's functions. The DLR basis consists of a collection of exponentials chosen by the interpolative decomposition to ensure stable and efficient recovery of Green's functions from imaginary time or Matsbuara frequency samples. The library provides subroutines to build the DLR basis and grids, and to carry out various standard operations. The simplicity of the DLR makes it straightforward to incorporate into existing codes as a replacement for less efficient representations of imaginary time Green's functions, and libdlr is intended to facilitate this process. libdlr is written in Fortran, provides a C header interface, and contains a Python module pydlr. We also introduce a stand-alone Julia implementation, Lehmann.jl.
Reaching the Peak of the Quasar Spectral Energy Distribution I: Observations and Models
Creators: name: Collinson, James S.
name: Ward, Martin J.
name: Done, Chris
name: Landt, Hermine
name: Elvis, Martin
name: McDowell, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a spectral analysis of a sample of 11 medium redshift (1.5 < z < 2.2) quasars. Our sample all have optical spectra from the SDSS, infrared spectra from GNIRS and TSPEC, and X-ray spectra from XMM-Newton. We first analyse the Balmer broad emission line profiles which are shifted into the IR spectra to constrain black hole masses. Then we fit an energy-conserving, three component accretion model of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) to our multi-wavelength data. Five out of the 11 quasars show evidence of an SED peak, allowing us to constrain their bolometric luminosity from these models and estimate their mass accretion rates. Based on our limited sample, we suggest that estimating bolometric luminosities from L_5100A and L_2-10keV may be unreliable, as has been also noted for a low-redshift, X-ray selected AGN sample.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: An experimental analysis of Twitter suspension during the first COVID19 period
title: Μια πειραματική ανάλυση των αναστολών στο Twitter κατά την πρώτη περίοδο του COVID19
Creators: name: Νικου Γεωργιος--Νεκταριος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: This study aims to capture the overall sentiment of people’s tweets regarding COVID-related subjects and to examine any attempts to spread fake news and misinformation on Twitter. Our research is based on a dataset collected through the Twitter API, containing approximately 200 million tweets from two popular COVID-related hashtags. We conduct sentiment analysis using the XLM-RoBERTa-large model on several topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, we perform data analysis to identify interesting patterns and characteristics of this vast dataset. Our research also targets suspended Twitter accounts and by using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm we identify their topics of discussion. We construct the retweet social graph to analyze their social network connections, enabling us to detect any coordinated actions to retweet the same content in large quantities. The results showed a trend in sentiment towards terms like COVID-19, conspiracy, and lockdown. We observe that although suspended users made up only 0.74% of the total users in the dataset, they generated 7.52% of
the total posts in the dataset.
description: Η παρούσα μελέτη έχει ως στόχο την καταγραφή των συναισθημάτων των ανθρώπων στα tweets τους σχετικά με το COVID-19 και στην εξέταση τυχόν προσπαθειών διάδοσης ψευδών ειδήσεων και παραπληροφόρησης στο Twitter. Η έρευνά μας βασίζεται σε ένα σύνολο δεδομένων που συλλέχθηκε μέσω του Twitter API, το οποίο περιέχει περίπου 200 εκατομμύρια tweets από δύο δημοφιλή hashtags που σχετίζονται με το COVID-19. Εφαρμόζουμε ανάλυση συναισθήματος χρησιμοποιώντας το μοντέλο XLM-RoBERTa-large σε διάφορα θέματα που σχετίζονται με την πανδημία COVID-19. Στη συνέχεια, πραγματοποιούμε ανάλυση δεδομένων για να εντοπίσουμε ενδιαφέροντα μοτίβα και χαρακτηριστικά σε αυτό το μεγάλο dataset. Η έρευνά μας επίσης επικεντρώθηκε σε λογαριασμούς Twitter που έχουν ανασταλεί και χρησιμοποιούμε τον αλγόριθμο Latent Dirichlet Allocation για να εντοπίσουμε τα θεμάτα συζήτησης τους. Επιπλέον κατασκευάζουμε τον γράφο αναδημοσιεύσεων για να αναλύσουμε τις συνδέσεις τους στο κοινωνικό δίκτυο, επιτρέποντάς μας να εντοπίσουμε τυχόν συντονισμένες ενέργειες για την αναδημοσίευση του ίδιου περιεχομένου σε μεγάλες ποσότητες. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν μια τάση στα συναισθήματα προς όρους όπως COVID-19, συνωμοσία και lockdown. Παρατηρούμε ότι παρόλο που οι ανεσταλμένοι χρήστες αποτελούσαν μόνο το 0.74% των συνολικών χρηστών, δημιούργησαν το 7.52% των συνολικών αναρτήσεων.
The magellan-tess survey. i. survey description and midsurvey results*
Creators: name: Feng, F.
name: Mallia, F.
name: Wang, S.X.
name: Jensen, E.L.N.
name: Strøm, P.A.
name: Caldwell, D.A.
name: Isopi, G.
name: Butler, R.P.
name: Shporer, A.
name: Osborn, A.
name: Jenkins, J.M.
name: Elmufti, M.
name: Reefe, M.
name: Mori, M.
name: Collins, K.A.
name: Valencia, D.
name: Wheatley, P.J.
name: Charbonneau, D.
name: Adibekyan, V.
name: Schwarz, R.P.
name: Tang, J.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Wittrock, J.
name: Flowers, E.
name: Wolfgang, A.
name: Law, N.
name: Massey, B.
name: Gan, T.
name: de Leon, J.P.
name: Lillo-Box, J.
name: Demangeon, O.D.S.
name: Burt, J.
name: Colon, K.D.
name: Soubkiou, A.
name: Brown, D.J.A.
name: Barros, S.C.C.
name: Teske, J.
name: Quinn, S.N.
name: Paegert, M.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Conti, D.M.
name: Zohrabi, F.
name: Mullally, S.E.
name: Cale, B.
name: Ricker, G.R.
name: Tenenbaum, P.
name: Crane, J.D.
name: Tan, T.-G.
name: Irwin, J.M.
name: Plotnykov, M.
name: Plavchan, P.
name: Stockdale, C.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Yahalomi, D.A.
name: Guerrero, N.M.
name: Eastman, J.D.
name: Armstrong, D.J.
name: Nishiumi, T.
name: Bryant, E.M.
name: Hojjatpanah, S.
name: Collins, K.I.
name: Benkhaldoun, Z.
name: Sousa, S.G.
name: Cloutier, R.
name: Barrado, D.
name: Shectman, S.A.
name: Narita, N.
name: Seager, S.
name: Howard, W.
Publisher: name: American Astronomical Society
Year: 2021

description: Kepler revealed that roughly one-third of Sunlike stars host planets orbiting within 100 days and between the size of Earth and Neptune. How do these planets form, what are they made of, and do they represent a continuous population or multiple populations? To help address these questions, we began the Magellan-TESS Survey (MTS), which uses Magellan II/PFS to obtain radial velocity (RV) masses of 30 TESS-detected exoplanets and develops an analysis framework that connects observed planet distributions to underlying populations. In the past, smallplanet RV measurements have been challenging to obtain due to host star faintness and low RV semiamplitudes and challenging to interpret due to the potential biases in target selection and observation planning decisions. The MTS attempts to minimize these biases by focusing on bright TESS targets and employing a quantitative selection function and observing strategy. In this paper, we (1) describe our motivation and survey strategy, (2) present our first catalog of planet density constraints for 27 TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs; 22 in our population analysis sample, 12 that are members of the same systems), and (3) employ a hierarchical Bayesian model to produce preliminary constraints on the mass-radius (M-R) relation. We find that the biases causing previous M-R relations to predict fairly high masses at 1 R have been reduced. This work can inform more detailed studies of individual systems and offer a framework that can be applied to future RV surveys with the goal of population inferences.
Additional file 1 of The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Seighali, Niloofar
name: Abdollahi, Abolfazl
name: Shafiee, Arman
name: Amini, Mohammad Javad
name: Teymouri Athar, Mohammad Mobin
name: Safari, Omid
name: Faghfouri, Parsa
name: Eskandari, Alireza
name: Rostaii, Omid
name: Salehi, Amir Hossein
name: Soltani, Hedieh
name: Hosseini, Mahsa
name: Abhari, Faeze Soltani
name: Maghsoudi, Mohammad Reza
name: Jahanbakhshi, Bahar
name: Bakhtiyari, Mahmood
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. PRISMA 2020 checklist. Supplementary Table 2. Search strategies for online databases. Supplementary Table 3. Characteristics of the included studies. Supplementary Fig 1. Risk of bias assessment for each included study.
Strange quark matter and proto-strange stars in an equivaparticle model
Creators: name: Chen, H. M.
name: Xia, C. J.
name: Peng, G. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of strange quark matter and the structures of (proto-)strange stars are studied within the framework of an equivparticle model, where a new quark mass scaling and self-consistent thermodynamic treatment are adopted. Our results show that the perturbative interaction has a strong impact on the properties of strange quark matter. It is found that the energy per baryon increases with temperature, while the free energy decreases and eventually becomes negative. At fixed temperatures, the pressure at the minimum free energy per baryon is zero, suggesting that the thermodynamic self-consistency is preserved. Additionally, the sound velocity v in quark matter approaches to the extreme relativistic limit (c/sqrt(3)) as the density increases. By increasing the strengths of confinement parameter D and perturbation parameter C, the tendency for v to approach the extreme relativistic limit at high density is slightly weakened. For (proto-)strange stars, in contrast to the quark mass scalings adopted in previous publications, the new quark mass scaling can accommodate massive proto-strange stars with their maximum mass surpassing twice the solar mass at T = 50 MeV.
Economic Effects of Acreage Control Programs in the 1950's
Creators: name: Christensen, Raymond P.
name: Aines, Ronald O.
name: Christensen, Raymond P.
name: Aines, Ronald O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: Despite acreage-control programs designed to retard output expansion and shift cropland to conservation uses, in recent years agricultural production has continued to expand more than market outlets. During the 1950's, surplus production caused prices of farm products to decline about 20 percent more than prices paid by farmers. Carryover stocks of farm products went up greatly. If it had not been for acreage restrictions on crop production, however, price declines and stock accumulations would have been even greater.
Modified E91 protocol demonstration with hybrid entanglement photon source
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Mikio
name: Yoshino, Ken-ichiro
name: Nambu, Yoshihiro
name: Yamashita, Taro
name: Miki, Shigehito
name: Terai, Hirotaka
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Toyoshima, Morio
name: Tomita, Akihisa
name: Sasaki, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an experimental demonstration of the modified Ekert 91 protocol of quantum key distribution using a hybrid entanglement source with two different degrees of freedoms, a 1550 nm time-bin qubit and 810 nm polarization qubit. The violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality could be demonstrated for the entanglement between the polarization qubit in free space and the time-bin qubit through 20 km fiber transmission. The secure key rate in our system is estimated 70-150 bps.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Strangelets at finite temperature in an equivparticle model
Creators: name: Chen, H. M.
name: Xia, C. J.
name: Peng, G. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of strangelets at finite temperature are studied within the framework of an equivparticle model, where a new quark mass scaling and self-consistent thermodynamic treatment are adopted. The effects of finite volume and Coulomb energy are taken into account. Our results show that the temperature T, baryon number A and perturbation interactions have strong influences on the properties of strangelets. It is found that the energy per baryon M/A and charge-to-mass ratio fz decrease with baryon number A, while the mechanically stable radius R and strangeness per baryon fs are increasing. For a strangelet with a fixed baryon number, we note that as temperature T increases the quantites M/A, R, and fs are increasing while fz is decreasing. The effects of confinement and perturbative interactions are investigated as well by readjusting the corresponding parameters.
HD 183579b: A warm sub-Neptune transiting a solar twin detected by TESS
Creators: name: Barclay, T.
name: Torres, G.
name: Dittman, J.
name: Jensen, E.L.N.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Howell, S.B.
name: Hellier, C.
name: Ziegler, C.
name: Ballard, S.
name: Vezie, M.
name: Paegert, M.
name: Osborn, H.P.
name: Spina, L.
name: Bedell, M.
name: Meléndez, J.
name: Wang, S.X.
name: Foreman-Mackey, D.
name: Morgan, E.H.
name: Mengel, M.W.
name: Kane, S.R.
name: Seager, S.
name: Law, N.
name: Kreidberg, L.
name: Collins, K.A.
name: Jenkins, J.M.
name: Schwarz, R.P.
name: Smith, J.C.
name: Bean, J.L.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Shporer, A.
name: Ricker, G.R.
name: Plavchan, P.
name: Stassun, K.G.
name: Crossfield, I.J.M.
name: Okumura, J.
name: Addison, B.C.
name: Mao, S.
name: Tinney, C.G.
name: Kielkopf, J.
name: Gan, T.
name: Shiao, B.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Horner, J.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Wright, D.J.
name: Briceño, C.
name: Wittenmyer, R.A.
name: Wang, G.
name: Twicken, J.D.
name: Bowler, B.P.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: We report the discovery and characterization of a transiting warm sub-Neptune planet around the nearby bright (V = 8.75 mag, K = 7.15 mag) solar twin HD 183579, delivered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The host star is located 56.8 ± 0.1 pc away with a radius of R∗ = 0.97 ± 0.02 R and a mass of M∗ = 1.03 ± 0.05 M. We confirm the planetary nature by combining space and ground-based photometry, spectroscopy, and imaging. We find that HD 183579b (TOI-1055b) has a radius of Rp = 3.53 ± 0.13 R on a 17.47 d orbit with a mass of Mp = 11.2 ± 5.4 M (3σ mass upper limit of 27.4 M). HD 183579b is the fifth brightest known sub-Neptune planet system in the sky, making it an excellent target for future studies of the interior structure and atmospheric properties. By performing a line-by-line differential analysis using the high-resolution and signal-to-noise ratio HARPS spectra, we find that HD 183579 joins the typical solar twin sample, without a statistically significant refractory element depletion.
Investigating the link between morphological characteristics and diet in an island population of omnivorous reptiles (Sphenodon punctatus)
Creators: name: Lamar, Sarah
name: Altobelli, JT
name: Nelson, Nicola
name: Ormsby, Diane
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 3103
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 3199
subject: Other biological sciences

description: The morphological characteristics that impact feeding ecology in ectotherms, particularly reptiles, are poorly understood. We used morphometric measures and stable isotope analysis (carbon-13 and nitrogen-15) to assess the link between diet and functional morphology in an island population of an evolutionarily unique reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus). First, we established a significant positive correlation between overall body size, gape size, and fat store in tuatara (n=56). Next, we describe the relationship between stable isotope profiles created from whole blood and nail trim samples and demonstrate that nail trims offer a low-impact method of creating a long-term dietary profile in ectotherms. We used nitrogen-15 values to assess trophic level in the population and found that tuatara on Takapourewa forage across multiple trophic levels. Finally, we found a significant relationship between gape size and carbon-13 (linear regression: P<0.001), with tuatara with large gapes showing dietary profiles that suggest a higher intake of marine (seabird) prey. However, whether body size or gape size is the primary adaptive characteristic allowing for more optimal foraging is yet unknown. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Time-bin entangled photon pair generation from Si micro-ring resonator
Creators: name: Wakabayashi, Ryota
name: Fujiwara, Mikio
name: Yoshino, Ken-ichiro
name: Nambu, Yoshihiro
name: Sasaki, Masahide
name: Aoki, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate time-bin entanglement generation in telecom wavelength using a 7 μm radius Si micro-ring resonator pumped by a continuous wave laser. The resonator structure can enhance spontaneous four wave mixing, leading to a photon pair generation rate of about 90-100 Hz with a laser pump power of as low as -3.92 dBm (0.41 mW). We succeed in observing time-bin entanglement with the visibility over 92%. Moreover, wavelength-tunability of the entangled photon pair is demonstrated by changing the operation temperature.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Extended analytical BCS theory of superconductivity in thin films
Creators: name: Travaglino, Riccardo
name: Zaccone, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytically solvable theory of BCS-type superconductivity in good metals which are confined along one of the three spatial directions, such as thin films. Closed-form expressions for the dependence of the superconducting critical temperature $T_c$ as a function of the confinement size $L$ are obtained, in quantitative agreement with experimental data with no adjustable parameters. Upon increasing the confinement, a crossover from a spherical Fermi surface, which contains two growing hollow spheres corresponding to states forbidden by confinement, to a strongly deformed Fermi surface, is predicted. This crossover represents a new topological transition, driven by confinement, between two Fermi surfaces belonging to two different homotopy classes. This topological transition provides a mechanistic explanation of the commonly observed non-monotonic dependence of $T_c$ upon film thickness with a maximum which, according to our theory, coincides with the topological transition.
Identifying a superfluid Reynolds number via dynamical similarity
Creators: name: Reeves, M. T.
name: Billam, T. P.
name: Anderson, B. P.
name: Bradley, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Reynolds number provides a characterization of the transition to turbulent flow, with wide application in classical fluid dynamics. Identifying such a parameter in superfluid systems is challenging due to their fundamentally inviscid nature. Performing a systematic study of superfluid cylinder wakes in two dimensions, we observe dynamical similarity of the frequency of vortex shedding by a cylindrical obstacle. The universality of the turbulent wake dynamics is revealed by expressing shedding frequencies in terms of an appropriately defined superfluid Reynolds number, ${\rm Re}_s$, that accounts for the breakdown of superfluid flow through quantum vortex shedding. For large obstacles, the dimensionless shedding frequency exhibits a universal form that is well-fitted by a classical empirical relation. In this regime the transition to turbulence occurs at ${\rm Re}_s\approx 0.7$, irrespective of obstacle width.
description: 5 pages,3 figures
Vertical Coordination in Agriculture
Creators: name: Mighell, Ronald L.
name: Jones, Lawrence A.
name: Mighell, Ronald L.
name: Jones, Lawrence A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1963
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: The succession of stages through which a commodity passes on its way through the production and marketing process is familiar. Vertical coordination includes all the ways in which these stages are directed and fitted together. Coordination of stages is both internal and external to the firm. Internal coordination is managed through administrative action within the firm. External coordination is accomplished through the action of prices, markets, and other forces that govern relationships between firms. As defined in this report, vertical integration is another name for internal coordination of stages. It does not include contract production which with open production constitute external coordination.
Characterization of sperm and implications for male fertility in the last of the Rhynchocephalians
Creators: name: Lamar, Sarah
name: Nelson, Nicola
name: Ormsby, Diane
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3109
subject: Zoology
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation
classificationCode: 3103
subject: Ecology

description: Managing a species of conservation concern can be best achieved when there is information on the reproductive physiology of both sexes available; however, many species lack this critical, baseline information. One such species, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), is the last surviving member of one of the four reptile orders (Rhynchocephalia) and is the only reptile known to lack a male intromittent organ. Culturally and evolutionarily significant, the conservation of this species is a global priority for the maintenance of biodiversity. In light of this, we characterized the morphology, viability and swim speed of mature tuatara sperm for the first time. We found that tuatara sperm are filiform and bear the remarkably conserved three-part sperm structure seen across the animal kingdom. Tuatara sperm are long (mean total length 166 μm), with an approximate head:midpiece:tail ratio of 15:1:17. While tuatara sperm are capable of high levels of within-mating viability (94.53%), the mean viability across all samples was 58.80%. Finally, tuatara sperm had a mean curvilinear velocity swim speed (μ × s - 1) of 82.28. At the population level, there were no differences in viability or mean swim speed between sperm collected from a male's first mating of a season and repeat matings; however, the maximum sperm swim speed increased in observed repeated matings relative to first matings. Interestingly, faster sperm samples had shorter midpieces, but had greater viability and longer head and tail sections. This work expands our understanding of male reproductive characteristics and their variation to a new order, provides wild references for the assessment of captive individuals, lays the groundwork for potential assisted reproductive techniques and highlights variation in male reproductive potential as an important factor for consideration in future conservation programs for this unique species.
Matching-invariant running quark masses in Quantum Chromodynamics
Creators: name: Chen, H. M.
name: Liu, L. M.
name: Wang, J. T.
name: Waqas, M.
name: Peng, G. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional quark mass is not continuous at thresholds. In this paper, we derive matchinginvariant quark masses which are continuous everywhere. They are expanded as an obvious function of the logarithmic Lambda scaled energy. The expansion coefficients are related to the original gamma and beta functions, with concretization to four loop level. The results show that the new expressions for the quark masses converge indeed much faster.
Transit timing variation analysis of the low-mass brown dwarf KELT-1 b
Creators: name: Baştürk, Ö.
name: Southworth, J.
name: Yalçınkaya, S.
name: Mancini, L.
name: Esmer, E. M.
name: Tekin, M.
name: Tezcan, F.
name: Evans, D. F.
name: Tezcan, C. T.
name: Bruni, I.
name: Yeşilyaprak, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate whether there is a variation in the orbital period of the short-period brown dwarf-mass KELT-1\,b, which is one of the best candidates to observe orbital decay. We obtain 19 high-precision transit light curves of the target using six different telescopes. We add all precise and complete transit light curves from open databases and the literature, as well as the available TESS observations from sectors 17 and 57, to form a transit timing variation (TTV) diagram spanning more than 10 years of observations. The analysis of the TTV diagram, however, is inconclusive in terms of a secular or periodic variation, hinting that the system might have synchronized. We update the transit ephemeris and determine an informative lower limit for the reduced tidal quality parameter of its host star of Q$_{\star}^{\prime} > (8.5 \pm 3.9) \times 10^{6}$ assuming that the stellar rotation is not yet synchronised. Using our new photometric observations, published light curves, the TESS data, archival radial velocities and broadband magnitudes, we also update the measured parameters of the system. Our results are in good agreement with those found in previous analyses.
description: Accepted for publication by the MNRAS on 2023/01/16
Towards real-time simulation of deformable structures by means of co-rotational finite element formulation
Creators: name: Marinković, Dragan
name: Zehn, Manfred
name: Rama, Gil
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: real-time simulation
subject: co-rotational FEM
subject: geometric nonlinearity
subject: solid
subject: shell

description: Whereas typical Finite Element (FE) computations are performed off-line, many virtual-reality (VR) applications put a demand for interactive simulations involving deformable objects. Interactive simulation implies real-time or nearly real-time computation and graphical representation of modeled deformable objects. The growing computational power of modern conventional hardware calls for FEM developments in this direction. Depending on specific VR applications, the developments need to account for different aspects of physical behavior, with geometrically nonlinear deformations emerging as one of most important and frequent. This paper proposes a simplified co-rotational FE formulation that considers the overall finite element motion as a superposition of rigid-body rotation and deformation described by a linear model with respect to the co-rotated reference frame. By neglecting the stress stiffening effect and the dependence of the element stiffness matrix on the deformational displacements, the formulation aims at meeting the objectives of highly efficient simulation, under certain conditions even real-time simulation, and with acceptable deviation in accuracy compared to the rigorous nonlinear FE formulation. Computations with both solid and shell elements are addressed. A set of examples is provided to illustrate and discuss the aspects of accuracy and achievable simulation speed.
High performance 3-node shell element for linear and geometrically nonlinear analysis of composite laminates
Creators: name: Rama, Gil
name: Marinković, Dragan
name: Zehn, Manfred
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: triangular shell element
subject: discrete shear gap
subject: assumed natural deviatoric strains
subject: fiber-reinforced laminates
subject: co-rotational formulation

description: Thin-walled structures hold primacy among modern engineering structures. All the advantages offered by the curved geometry and thinness of the walls come even more to the fore when combined with exquisite properties of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. Directionally dependant material properties open vast possibilities for tailoring global structural properties and, therewith, optimization. Successful design of such structures calls for high performance shell type finite elements. This paper presents a linear triangular shell element based on the equivalent single-layer approach and the first-order shear deformation theory. The shear locking effect is resolved by the descrete shear gap (DSG) approach combined with the cell smoothing technique. To improve the element performance with respect to the membrane behavior, the assumed natural deviatoric strains (ANDES) formulation is applied, with necessary modifications to meet the requirements of curved structures with anisotropic material properties. Geometric nonlinearities are addressed by the co-rotational formulation. Examples demonstrate the element applicability and performance.
(Sub)millimetre interferometric imaging of a sample of COSMOS/AzTEC submillimetre galaxies - I. Multiwavelength identifications and redshift distribution
Creators: name: Miettinen, Oskari
name: Smolčić, Vernesa
name: Novak, Mladen
name: Aravena, Manuel
name: Karim, Alexander
name: Masters, Dan
name: Riechers, Dominik A.
name: Bussmann, R. Shane
name: McCracken, Henry J.
name: Ilbert, Olivier
name: Bertoldi, Frank
name: Capak, Peter
name: Feruglio, Chiara
name: Halliday, Claire
name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan. S.
name: Navarrete, Felipe
name: Salvato, Mara
name: Sanders, David
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Sheth, Kartik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used the PdBI to map a sample of 15 SMGs in the COSMOS field at the wavelength of 1.3 mm. The target SMGs were originally discovered in the JCMT/AzTEC 1.1 mm continuum survey at S/N=4-4.5. This paper presents, for the first time, interferometric millimetre-wavelength observations of these sources. The angular resolution of our observations, 1.8", allowed us to accurately determine the positions of the target SMGs. Using a detection threshold of S/N>4.5 regardless of multiwavelength counterpart association, and 4
description: 31 pages (incl. 5 appendices with 3 figures and 1 table), 6 figures and 4 tables in the main text. Accepted for publication in A&A
A Comparative Analysis of Bias Amplification in Graph Neural Network Approaches for Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Chizari, Nikzad
name: Shoeibi, Niloufar
name: Moreno-García, María N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.1

description: Recommender Systems (RSs) are used to provide users with personalized item recommendations and help them overcome the problem of information overload. Currently, recommendation methods based on deep learning are gaining ground over traditional methods such as matrix factorization due to their ability to represent the complex relationships between users and items and to incorporate additional information. The fact that these data have a graph structure and the greater capability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to learn from these structures has led to their successful incorporation into recommender systems. However, the bias amplification issue needs to be investigated while using these algorithms. Bias results in unfair decisions, which can negatively affect the company reputation and financial status due to societal disappointment and environmental harm. In this paper, we aim to comprehensively study this problem through a literature review and an analysis of the behavior against biases of different GNN-based algorithms compared to state-of-the-art methods. We also intend to explore appropriate solutions to tackle this issue with the least possible impact on the model performance.