cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Structure Function Resummation in small-x QCD
Creators: name: Altarelli, Guido
name: Ball, Richard D
name: Forte, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize our recent results on small x resummation in full QCD with n_f quark flavours and discuss their phenomenological impact in the extraction of parton distributions from present day structure function data and their extrapolation to the kinematics relevant for future colliders such as the LHC.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures: proceedings contribution for 8th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR), Florence, October 2007
Weak Form Theory-guided Neural Network (TgNN-wf) for Deep Learning of Subsurface Single and Two-phase Flow
Creators: name: Xu, Rui
name: Zhang, Dongxiao
name: Rong, Miao
name: Wang, Nanzhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used as surrogate models in geophysical applications; incorporating theoretical guidance into DNNs has improved the generalizability. However, most of such approaches define the loss function based on the strong form of conservation laws (via partial differential equations, PDEs), which is subject to deteriorated accuracy when the PDE has high order derivatives or the solution has strong discontinuities. Herein, we propose a weak form theory-guided neural network (TgNN-wf), which incorporates the weak form formulation of the PDE into the loss function combined with data constraint and initial and boundary conditions regularizations to tackle the aforementioned difficulties. In the weak form, high order derivatives in the PDE can be transferred to the test functions by performing integration-by-parts, which reduces computational error. We use domain decomposition with locally defined test functions, which captures local discontinuity effectively. Two numerical cases demonstrate the superiority of the proposed TgNN-wf over the strong form TgNN, including the hydraulic head prediction for unsteady-state 2D single-phase flow problems and the saturation profile prediction for 1D two-phase flow problems. Results show that TgNN-wf consistently has higher accuracy than TgNN, especially when strong discontinuity in the solution is present. TgNN-wf also trains faster than TgNN when the number of integration subdomains is not too large (<10,000). Moreover, TgNN-wf is more robust to noises. Thus, the proposed TgNN-wf paves the way for which a variety of deep learning problems in the small data regime can be solved more accurately and efficiently.
description: 35 pages, 10 figures, and 6 tables
Standardizing Platinum Dainotti-correlated gamma-ray bursts, and using them with standardized Amati-correlated gamma-ray bursts to constrain cosmological model parameters
Creators: name: Cao, Shulei
name: Dainotti, Maria
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Platinum gamma-ray burst (GRB) data compilation, probing the redshift range $0.553 \leq z \leq 5.0$, obeys a cosmological-model-independent three-parameter fundamental plane (Dainotti) correlation and so is standardizable. While they probe the largely unexplored $z \sim 2.3-5$ part of cosmological redshift space, the GRB cosmological parameter constraints are consistent with, but less precise than, those from a combination of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and Hubble parameter [$H(z)$] data. In order to increase the precision of GRB-only cosmological constraints, we exclude common GRBs from the larger Amati-correlated A118 data set composed of 118 GRBs and jointly analyze the remaining 101 Amati-correlated GRBs with the 50 Platinum GRBs. This joint 151 GRB data set probes the largely unexplored $z \sim 2.3-8.2$ region; the resulting GRB-only cosmological constraints are more restrictive, and consistent with, but less precise than, those from $H(z)$ + BAO data.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS accepted version
Search for B decays into eta' rho, eta' K*, eta' phi, eta' omega and eta' eta(') at Belle
Creators: name: Schümann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a search for the exclusive two-body charmless hadronic B meson decays B-> eta' rho, B-> eta' K*, B-> eta' phi, B-> eta' omega and B->eta' eta('). The results are obtained from a data sample containing 535 x 10^6 BBbar pairs that were collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider. We find no significant signals and report upper limits in the range 0.5-6.5 x 10^{-6} for all of the above decays.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables
Evaluating prediction systems in software project estimation
Creators: name: Shepperd, Martin
name: MacDonell, Stephen G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: Software engineering has a problem in that when we empirically evaluate competing prediction systems we obtain conflicting results. Objective: To reduce the inconsistency amongst validation study results and provide a more formal foundation to interpret results with a particular focus on continuous prediction systems. Method: A new framework is proposed for evaluating competing prediction systems based upon (1) an unbiased statistic, Standardised Accuracy, (2) testing the result likelihood relative to the baseline technique of random 'predictions', that is guessing, and (3) calculation of effect sizes. Results: Previously published empirical evaluations of prediction systems are re-examined and the original conclusions shown to be unsafe. Additionally, even the strongest results are shown to have no more than a medium effect size relative to random guessing. Conclusions: Biased accuracy statistics such as MMRE are deprecated. By contrast this new empirical validation framework leads to meaningful results. Such steps will assist in performing future meta-analyses and in providing more robust and usable recommendations to practitioners.
description: Journal, 10 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables
Elicitation - binding and scope
Creators: name: Piño Bonangué, José
name: Clem, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: amc

description: This bundle contains recordings and associated notes from an elicitation session conducted by Emily Clem with José Piño Bonangué. Topics covered include possessives, binding, switch-reference, scope, word order with complex nominals, and word order with negation.
Controlling and exploring quantum systems by algebraic expression of adiabatic gauge potential
Creators: name: Hatomura, Takuya
name: Takahashi, Kazutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adiabatic gauge potential is the origin of nonadiabatic transitions. In counterdiabatic driving, which is a method of shortcuts to adiabaticity, adiabatic gauge potential can be used to realize identical dynamics to adiabatic time evolution without requiring slow change of parameters. We introduce an algebraic expression of adiabatic gauge potential. Then, we find that the explicit form of adiabatic gauge potential can be easily determined by some algebraic calculations. We demonstrate this method by using a single-spin system, a two-spin system, and the transverse Ising chain. Moreover, we derive a lower bound for fidelity to adiabatic time evolution based on the quantum speed limit. This bound enables us to know the worst case performance of approximate adiabatic gauge potential. We can also use this bound to find dominant terms in adiabatic gauge potential to suppress nonadiabatic transitions. We apply this bound to magnetization reversal of the two-spin system and to quantum annealing of the transverse Ising chain. Adiabatic gauge potential reflects structure of energy eigenstates, and thus we also discuss detection of quantum phase transitions by using adiabatic gauge potential. We find a signature of a quantum phase transition in the transverse Ising chain.
Optimal probabilistic estimation of quantum states
Creators: name: Fiurasek, Jaromir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the concept of probabilistic unambiguous discrimination of quantum states to quantum state estimation. We consider a scenario where the measurement device can output either an estimate of the unknown input state or an inconclusive result. We present a general method how to evaluate the maximum fidelity achievable by the probabilistic estimation strategy. We illustrate our method on two explicit examples: estimation of a qudit from a pair of conjugate qudits and phase covariant estimation of a qubit from N copies. We show that by allowing for inconclusive results it is possible to reach estimation fidelity higher than that achievable by the best deterministic estimation strategy.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, ReVTeX4
Topological Euler insulators
Creators: name: Ezawa, Motohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Euler number is a new topological number recently debuted in the topological physics. Unlike the Chern number defined for a band, it is defined for interbands. We propose a simple model realizing the topological Euler insulator for the first time. We utilize the fact that the Euler number in a three-band model in two dimensions is reduced to the Pontryagin number. A skyrmion structure appears in momentum phase, yielding a nontrivial Euler number. Topological edge states emerge when the Euler number is nonzero. We discuss how to realize this model in electric circuits. We show that topological edge states are well signaled by impedance resonances.
description: 4 pages, 6 pages
Unveiling the stellar origin of the Wolf-Rayet nebula NGC6888 through infrared observations
Creators: name: Rubio, G.
name: Toalá, J. A.
name: Jiménez-Hernández, P.
name: Ramos-Larios, G.
name: Guerrero, M. A.
name: Gómez-González, V. M. A.
name: Santamaría, E.
name: Quino-Mendoza, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive infrared (IR) study of the iconic Wolf-Rayet (WR) wind-blown bubble NGC6888 around WR136. We use Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Spitzer IRAC and MIPS and Herschel PACS IR images to produce a sharp view of the distribution of dust around WR136. We complement these IR photometric observations with Spitzer IRS spectra in the 5-38 $μ$m wavelength range. The unprecedented high-resolution IR images allowed us to produce a clean spectral energy distribution, free of contamination from material along the line of sight, to model the properties of the dust in NGC6888. We use the spectral synthesis code Cloudy to produce a model for NGC6888 that consistently reproduces its optical and IR properties. Our best model requires a double distribution with the inner shell composed only of gas, whilst the outer shell requires a mix of gas and dust. The dust consists of two populations of grain sizes, one with small sized grains $a_\mathrm{small}$=[0.002-0.008] $μ$m and another one with large sized grains $a_\mathrm{big}$=[0.05-0.5] $μ$m. The population of big grains is similar to that reported for other red supergiants stars and dominates the total dust mass, which leads us to suggest that the current mass of NGC6888 is purely due to material ejected from WR136, with a negligible contribution of swept up interstellar medium. The total mass of this model is 25.5$^{+4.7}_{-2.8}$ M$_{\odot}$, a dust mass of $M_\mathrm{dust}=$0.14$^{+0.03}_{-0.01}$ M$_{\odot}$, for a dust-to-gas ratio of $5.6\times10^{-3}$. Accordingly, we suggest that the initial stellar mass of WR136 was $\lesssim$50 M$_{\odot}$, consistent with current single stellar evolution models.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables; Accepted to MNRAS
Compact in-place gate valve for molecular beam experiments
Creators: name: Küpper, Jochen
name: Haak, Henrik
name: Wohlfart, Kirstin
name: Meijer, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high vacuum gate valve for skimmed molecular beam experiments is described. It is designed with a very short extent of only 10 mm along the molecular beam axis to minimize the distance between the molecular beam source and the experiment to provide the maximum molecular flux to the experiment. At the same time it provides free space on both sides of the skimmer to not disturb the supersonic expansion in front of the skimmer, to give optical access to the full distance between beam source and skimmer, and to allow for placing electrostatic devices very close behind the skimmer. The gate valve allows to maintain high vacuum conditions (10^{-8} mbar) in the experimental chamber while the source chamber is brought up to atmospheric pressure for modifications or maintenance. The valve can be operated from outside the vacuum chamber while maintaining vacuum conditions in all chambers.
description: RevTeX; 3 pages, 3 figures
Ethnic archives in Canada: a case study of seven Japanese communities
Creators: name: Tsuruta, Sayuri
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In the Canadian archival system, in the past, ethnic communities were not encouraged to establish their own archives because they were considered to.lack the resources required for sustaining professionally acceptable archives. In recentyears public archives have come to emphasize preservation of their parent bodies' archives, and consequently fewer resources have been available for preservation of private archives, including ethnic archives. There is evidence that some ethnic communities are concerned to preserve their archival materials. This thesis examines the.efforts of Japanese-Canadian communities to preserve archival materials bearing-on their historical experiences. A case study using the method of focussed interviews of Japanese-Canadian communities in seven cities revealed the substantial will to preserve archival materials. The study discovered that, while Japanese Canadians have been and are being rapidly assimilated to the larger society, cultural interests and the need for the sense of identity persist and are renewed by each generation. Under these circumstances, community leadership sees archival activities as an integral part of the community activities. The case study also revealed strengths and weaknesses of archival activities in those communities. Closeness to records creators through formal and informal networks within the communities provides community archives with distinct advantages. These archives can easily identify and locate materials of continuing value. They also have easy access to contextual information on records and their creators. Weaknesses were identified in defining acquisition policies and financial resources. Contrary to concerns of some archivists and researchers, most respondents are aware of the need to abide by professional standards, and they are also willing . to make their materials available to the general public. Based on the findings of the case study, several recommendations are offered. Preservation of ethnic archival materials should be clearly recognized as a responsibility to be assumed by both public archives and ethnic communities. To carry out this responsibility effectively, planning and cooperation among different archives and communities are essential. Ethnic community-based archives, on their part, should follow the accepted principles and practices, especially in the area of acquisition, so that they function as a legitimate part of the Canadian archival system. Networking among ethnic community archives is also recommended in order to reveal relationships among their holdings.
Rotational dynamics of bottom-heavy rods in turbulence from experiments and numerical simulations
Creators: name: Jiang, Linfeng
name: Wang, Cheng
name: Liu, Shuang
name: Sun, Chao
name: Calzavarini, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We successfully perform the three-dimensional tracking in a turbulent fluid flow of small asymmetrical particles that are neutrally-buoyant and bottom-heavy, i.e., they have a non-homogeneous mass distribution along their symmetry axis. We experimentally show how a tiny mass inhomogeneity can affect the particle orientation along the preferred vertical direction and modify its tumbling rate. The experiment is complemented by a series of simulations based on realistic Navier-Stokes turbulence and on a point-like particle model that is capable to explore the full range of parameter space characterized by the gravitational torque stability number and by the particle aspect ratio. We propose a theoretical perturbative prediction valid in the high bottom-heaviness regime that agrees well with the observed preferential orientation and tumbling rate of the particles. We also show that the heavy-tail shape of the probability distribution function of the tumbling rate is weakly affected by the bottom-heaviness of the particles.
description: (7 pages, 5 figures)
Long-period eclipsing binaries: towards the true mass-luminosity relation. II. Absolute parameters of the NN Del system
Creators: name: Kniazev, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of our study of the long-period eclipsing binary star NN Delphini (hereafter NN Del). The results are based on spectral data obtained with the HRS echelle spectrograph of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). Our constructed velocity curve is based on 19 spectra obtained between 2017 and 2019 years and covers all phases of the binary's orbit. The orbital period, P=99.252 days, was determined from our spectral data and coincides with the period determined in previous studies, as well as the system eccentricity of $e=0.517$. Calculated velocity amplitudes of both components allow us to determine the masses of both system components M_1 = 1.320 M_sun and M_2 = 1.433 M_sun with the accuracy about of one percent (0.8% and 1.1%), respectively. Luminosities of both components are presented as L_1 = 4.164 L_sun and L_2 = 6.221 L_sun, and the effective temperatures of both components were directly evaluated (T_eff = 6545~K and T_eff = 6190~K) together with the metallicity of the system [Fe/H] = -0.19 dex and its color excess E(B-V)=0.026~mag. Comparison with evolutionary tracks shows that the system age is 2.25+/-0.19 Gyr, and both components are on the main sequence and have not yet passed the turn point. Spectral type is F5V for the hotter component and F8V for another one.
description: Accepted to Astrophysics and Space Science, 14 pages, 8 figures
Power Law in Firms Bankruptcy
Creators: name: Hong, Byoung Hee
name: Lee, Kyoung Eun
name: Lee, Jae Woo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider the scaling behaviors for fluctuations of the number of Korean firms bankrupted in the period from August 1 2002 to October 28 2003. We observe a power law for the distribution of the number of the bankrupted firms. The Pareto exponent is close to unity. We also consider the daily increments of the number of firms bankrupted. The probability distribution of the daily increments for the firms bankrupted follows the Gaussian distribution in central part and has a fat tail. The tail parts of the probability distribution of the daily increments for the firms bankrupted follow a power law.
description: 3 pages, 4figures
Urban sprawl as a matter of public policy
Creators: name: Megalos, Sophie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Current land use patterns in North America are not strictly the result of the operation of a free market or explicit consumer choice. Direct and indirect public policies, operating over many decades have made low density living an appealing alternative for consumers, the providers of housing, and those who support the finance of infrastructure. At the local level, the public sector administers an intricate system of land use regulations which implicitly encourage low density development and provides the essential capital and public infrastructure that is necessary to support new development. At the senior level, long-term government policies favouring homeownership, single-family homes and the automobile have facilitated continued sprawl and a reliance on the automobile. The extent of the aggregate impact of public policies on urban development patterns is significant. The continuing dispersion of growth in most urban areas is creating severe environmental stress, unprecedented traffic congestion, and potentially unsurmountable fiscal pressures. As society confronts the significant social, economic and environmental costs associated with dispersed land uses, there is a growing consensus that public sector policies which continue to subsidize unsustainable patterns of development are no longer affordable. In light of the above, a critical re-evaluation of public policies and practices is imperative by both senior and local governments.
Detailed Studies of IPHAS sources. II. Sab 19, a true planetary nebula and its mimic crossing the Perseus Arm
Creators: name: Guerrero, Martin A
name: Ortiz, Roberto
name: Sabin, Laurence
name: Ramos-Larios, Gerardo
name: Alfaro, Emilio J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The INT Photometric H$α$ Survey (IPHAS) has provided us with a number of new-emission line sources, among which planetary nebulae (PNe) constitute an important fraction. Here we present a detailed analysis of the IPHAS nebula Sab\,19 (IPHASX\,J055242.8+262116) based on radio, infrared, and optical images and intermediate- and high-dispersion longslit spectra. Sab\,19 consists of a roundish 0.10 pc in radius double-shell nebula surrounded by a much larger 2.8 pc in radius external shell with a prominent H-shaped filament. We confirm the nature of the main nebula as a PN whose sub-solar N/O ratio abundances, low ionized mass, peculiar radial velocity, and low-mass central star allow us to catalog it as a type III PN. Apparently, the progenitor star of Sab\,19 became a PN when crossing the Perseus Arm during a brief visit of a few Myr. The higher N/O ratio and velocity shift $\simeq$40 \kms\ of the external shell with respect to the main nebula and its large ionized mass suggest that it is not truly associated with Sab\,19, but it is rather dominated by a Strömgren zone in the interstellar medium ionized by the PN central star.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Elicitation - switch-reference; text - making juanes
Creators: name: Sampi Ríos, Celia
name: Clem, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: amc

description: This bundle contains recordings and associated notes from an elicitation session conducted by Emily Clem with Celia Sampi Ríos. Topics covered include switch-reference, possessives, reported speech, word order with complex nominals, and binding. Also included is a recorded instructional text about making juanes.
UTLDR: an agent-based framework for modeling infectious diseases and public interventions
Creators: name: Rossetti, Giulio
name: Milli, Letizia
name: Citraro, Salvatore
name: Morini, Virginia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.2.2; F.2.1
subject: 05C85, 60J60, 90C35

description: Nowadays, due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, epidemic modelling is experiencing a constantly growing interest from researchers of heterogeneous fields of study. Indeed, the vast literature on computational epidemiology offers solid grounds for analytical studies and the definition of novel models aimed at both predictive and prescriptive scenario descriptions. To ease the access to diffusion modelling, several programming libraries and tools have been proposed during the last decade: however, to the best of our knowledge, none of them is explicitly designed to allow its users to integrate public interventions in their model. In this work, we introduce UTLDR, a framework that can simulate the effects of several public interventions (and their combinations) on the unfolding of epidemic processes. UTLDR enables the design of compartmental models incrementally and to simulate them over complex interaction network topologies. Moreover, it allows integrating external information on the analyzed population (e.g., age, gender, geographical allocation, and mobility patterns\dots) and to use it to stratify and refine the designed model. After introducing the framework, we provide a few case studies to underline its flexibility and expressive power.
The rotation of magnetic field does not impact vacuum birefringence
Creators: name: Biswas, Sandip
name: Melnikov, Kirill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how the rotation of a classical magnetic field influences vacuum birefringence. In spite of the fact that solutions of the wave equation depend in a non-trivial way on the relative magnitude of the strength of vacuum birefringence and the angular rotation frequency of the magnetic field, the induced ellipticity of the light ray does not depend on the magnetic field angular rotation frequency. Hence, in contrast to recent claims, the result of the PVLAS experiment cannot be explained by conventional non-linear quantum electrodynamics.
description: 8 pages, revtex
Prion protein conversion at two distinct cellular sites precedes fibrillisation.
Creators: name: Ribes, Juan Manuel
name: Patel, Mitali P
name: Halim, Hazim A
name: Berretta, Antonio
name: Tooze, Sharon A
name: Klöhn, Peter-Christian
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Signalling & Oncogenes
subject: Signalling & Oncogenes
classificationCode: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
subject: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
classificationCode: Model organisms
subject: Model organisms
classificationCode: Biochemistry & Proteomics
subject: Biochemistry & Proteomics
classificationCode: Cell Biology
subject: Cell Biology
classificationCode: Imaging
subject: Imaging

description: The self-templating nature of prions plays a central role in prion pathogenesis and is associated with infectivity and transmissibility. Since propagation of proteopathic seeds has now been acknowledged a principal pathogenic process in many types of dementia, more insight into the molecular mechanism of prion replication is vital to delineate specific and common disease pathways. By employing highly discriminatory anti-PrP antibodies and conversion-tolerant PrP chimera, we here report that de novo PrP conversion and formation of fibril-like PrP aggregates are distinct in mechanistic and kinetic terms. De novo PrP conversion occurs within minutes after infection at two subcellular locations, while fibril-like PrP aggregates are formed exclusively at the plasma membrane, hours after infection. Phenotypically distinct pools of abnormal PrP at perinuclear sites and the plasma membrane show differences in N-terminal processing, aggregation state and fibril formation and are linked by exocytic transport via synaptic and large-dense core vesicles.
Sensory supplementation system based on electrotactile tongue biofeedback of head position for balance control
Creators: name: Vuillerme, Nicolas
name: Pinsault, Nicolas
name: Chenu, Olivier
name: Demongeot, Jacques
name: Payan, Yohan
name: Danilov, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of an artificial head position-based tongue-placed electrotactile biofeedback on postural control during quiet standing under different somatosensory conditions from the support surface. Eight young healthy adults were asked to stand as immobile as possible with their eyes closed on two Firm and Foam support surface conditions executed in two conditions of No-biofeedback and Biofeedback. In the Foam condition, a 6-cm thick foam support surface was placed under the subjects' feet to alter the quality and/or quantity of somatosensory information at the plantar sole and the ankle. The underlying principle of the biofeedback consisted of providing supplementary information about the head orientation with respect to gravitational vertical through electrical stimulation of the tongue. Centre of foot pressure (CoP) displacements were recorded using a force platform. Larger CoP displacements were observed in the Foam than Firm conditions in the two conditions of No-biofeedback and Biofeedback. Interestingly, this destabilizing effect was less accentuated in the Biofeedback than No-biofeedback condition. In accordance with the sensory re-weighting hypothesis for balance control, the present findings evidence that the availability of the central nervous system to integrate an artificial head orientation information delivered through electrical stimulation of the tongue to limit the postural perturbation induced by alteration of somatosensory input from the support surface.
EventAnchor: Reducing Human Interactions in Event Annotation of Racket Sports Videos
Creators: name: Deng, Dazhen
name: Wu, Jiang
name: Wang, Jiachen
name: Wu, Yihong
name: Xie, Xiao
name: Zhou, Zheng
name: Zhang, Hui
name: Zhang, Xiaolong
name: Wu, Yingcai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The popularity of racket sports (e.g., tennis and table tennis) leads to high demands for data analysis, such as notational analysis, on player performance. While sports videos offer many benefits for such analysis, retrieving accurate information from sports videos could be challenging. In this paper, we propose EventAnchor, a data analysis framework to facilitate interactive annotation of racket sports video with the support of computer vision algorithms. Our approach uses machine learning models in computer vision to help users acquire essential events from videos (e.g., serve, the ball bouncing on the court) and offers users a set of interactive tools for data annotation. An evaluation study on a table tennis annotation system built on this framework shows significant improvement of user performances in simple annotation tasks on objects of interest and complex annotation tasks requiring domain knowledge.
Laser Assisted Solution Synthesis of High Performance Graphene Supported Electrocatalysts
Creators: name: Peng, Yudong
name: Cao, Jianyun
name: Yang, Jie
name: Yang, Wenji
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Li, Xiaohong
name: Dryfe, Robert A. W.
name: Li, Lin
name: Kinloch, Ian A.
name: Liu, Zhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple, yet versatile, methods to functionalize graphene flakes with metal (oxide) nanoparticles are in demand, particularly for the development of advanced catalysts. Herein, based on light-induced electrochemistry, a laser-assisted, continuous, solution route for the simultaneous reduction and modification of graphene oxide with catalytic nanoparticles is reported. Electrochemical graphene oxide (EGO) is used as starting material and electron-hole pair source due to its low degree of oxidation, which imparts structural integrity and an ability to withstand photodegradation. Simply illuminating a solution stream containing EGO and metal salt (e.g., H2PtCl6 or RuCl3) with a 248 nm wavelength laser produces reduced EGO (rEGO, oxygen content 4.0 at%) flakes, decorated with Pt (~2.0 nm) or RuO2 (~2.8 nm) nanoparticles. The RuO2-rEGO flakes exhibit superior catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction, requiring a small overpotential of 225 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2. The Pt-rEGO flakes (10.2 wt% of Pt) show enhanced mass activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction, and similar performance for oxygen reduction reaction compared to a commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst. This simple production method is also used to deposit PtPd alloy and MnOx nanoparticles on rEGO, demonstrating its versatility in synthesizing functional nanoparticle-modified graphene materials.
Eclipsing the X-ray emitting region in the active galaxy NGC 6814
Creators: name: Gallo, Luigi C.
name: Gonzalez, Adam G.
name: Miller, Jon M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of a rapid occultation event in the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 6814, simultaneously captured in a transient light curve and spectral variability. The intensity and hardness ratio curves capture distinct ingress and egress periods that are symmetric in duration. Independent of the selected continuum model, the changes can be simply described by varying the fraction of the central engine that is covered by transiting obscuring gas. Together, the spectral and timing analyses self-consistently reveal the properties of the obscuring gas, its location to be in the broad line region (BLR), and the size of the X-ray source to be ~25 rg . Our results demonstrate that obscuration close to massive black holes can shape their appearance, and can be harnessed to measure the active region that surrounds the event horizon.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. To appear in ApJ Letters
Condition numbers and scale free graphs
Creators: name: Acosta, Gabriel
name: Graña, Matías
name: Pinasco, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the condition number of the least square matrix corresponding to scale free networks. We compute a theoretical lower bound of the condition number which proves that they are ill conditioned. Also, we analyze several matrices from networks generated with the linear preferential attachment model showing that it is very difficult to compute the power law exponent by the least square method due to the severe lost of accuracy expected from the corresponding condition numbers.
description: Submitted to EPJ
File S1 - ssODN templates used and sequences of CHS1 and white
Creators: name: De Rouck, Sander
name: Mocchetti, Antonio
name: Dermauw, Wannes
name: Van Leeuwen, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310510
subject: Molecular evolution
classificationCode: 300104
subject: Genetically modified animals

description: File S1 - ssODN templates used and sequences of CHS1 and white. Supplementary File of De Rouck et al. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104068
Operads revisited
Creators: name: Getzler, Ezra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 18D50, 57R56, 18D10, 18D20, 18C35

description: Operads may be represented as symmetric monoidal functors on a small symmetric monoidal category. We discuss the axioms which must be imposed on a symmetric monoidal functor in order that it give rise to a theory similar to the theory of operads: we call such functors patterns. We also develop the enriched version of the theory, and show how it may be applied to axiomatize topological field theory.
description: 25 pages
Improvement of Properties of Self-Injected and Accelerated Electron Bunch by Laser Pulse in Plasma
Creators: name: Maslov, Vasyl
name: Bondar, Denys
name: Levchuk, Iryna
name: Onishchenko, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2.1
subject: 65Z05

description: The accelerating gradients in conventional linear accelerators are currently limited to 100 MV per meter. Plasma-based accelerators have the ability to sustain accelerating gradients which are several orders of magnitude greater than that obtained in conventionalaccelerators. Due to the rapid development of laser technology the laser-plasma-based accelerators are of great interest now. Over the past decade, successful experiments on laser wakefield acceleration of electrons in the plasma have confirmed the relevance of this acceleration. Evidently, the large accelerating gradients in the laser plasma accelerators allow to reduce the size and to cut the cost of accelerators. Another important advantage of the laser-plasma accelerators is that they can produce short electron bunches with high energy.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2009.04816; text overlap with arXiv:2001.01246
Elicitation - switch-reference
Creators: name: Sampi Ríos, Celia
name: Clem, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: amc

description: This bundle contains recordings and associated notes from an elicitation session conducted by Emily Clem with Celia Sampi Ríos. Topics covered include reported speech, switch-reference (including with questions), word order with relative clauses, word order with complex nominals, and plurals.
Dry deposition of ozone in the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia : measurements and comparison with a model
Creators: name: Kellerhals, Markus
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Surface deposition is an important sink for tropospheric ozone. The rate of ozone deposition may be measured by measuring the downward flux of ozone in the atmospheric surface-layer. This thesis presents eddy correlation measurements of ozone fluxes, taken on eight days in August, 1994, at a grassland site located in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. Surface resistances to ozone deposition were calculated from the flux measurements. Much of the variability in measured surface resistances was found to be attributable to variations in ambient light levels and in the degree of moisture stress at the site. Measurements of surface resistance from this site agreed quite well with other measurements of ozone deposition to grassland surfaces. Measured surface resistances were compared to surface resistances calculated using the Wesely (1989) parameterization (W89) for surface resistance. W89 underestimated surface resistance, particularly in the mid afternoon and early evening. This was attributed to the model's neglect of the effects of water stress on stomatal resistance, as well as to a low value for resistance to ground surface deposition in the model. The eddy correlation fluxes were compared to ozone fluxes derived using an assumption of cospectral similarity between ozone and heat flux and to ozone fluxes measured using the variance method and the gradient method. The cospectral similarity method worked well and allowed a considerable relaxation of the sampling speed requirements of the eddy correlation method. The variance method produced biased flux measurements due to high frequency noise from the ozone sensor. Flux measurements using the gradient method had a great deal of scatter, due to inaccuracies in the measurement of gradients.
Impact of Online Health Awareness Campaign: Case of National Eating Disorders Association
Creators: name: Mejova, Yelena
name: Suarez-Lledó, Víctor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: National Eating Disorders Association conducts a NEDAwareness week every year, during which it publishes content on social media and news aimed to raise awareness of eating disorders. Measuring the impact of these actions is vital for maximizing the effectiveness of such interventions. This paper is an effort to model the change in behavior of users who engage with NEDAwareness content. We find that, despite popular influencers being involved in the campaign, it is governmental and nonprofit accounts that attract the most retweets. Furthermore, examining the tweeting language of users engaged with this content, we find linguistic categories concerning women, family, and anxiety to be mentioned more within the 15 days after the intervention, and categories concerning affiliation, references to others, and positive emotion mentioned less. We conclude with actionable implications for future campaigns and discussion of the method's limitations.
Quantum transport in quasicrystals and complex metallic alloys
Creators: name: Mayou, Didier
name: De Laissardière, Guy Trambly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semi-classical Bloch-Boltzmann theory is at the heart of our understanding of conduction in solids, ranging from metals to semi-conductors. Physical systems that are beyond the range of applicability of this theory are thus of fundamental interest. This is the case of disordered systems which present quantum interferences in the diffusive regime, i.e. Anderson localization effects. It appears that in quasicrystals and related complex metallic alloys another type of breakdown of the semi-classical Bloch-Boltzmann theory operates. This type of quantum transport is related to the specific propagation mode of electrons in these systems. We develop a theory of quantum transport that applies to a normal ballistic law but also to these specific diffusion laws. As we show phenomenological models based on this theory describe correctly the experimental transport properties. Ab-initio calculations performed on approximants confirm also the validity of this anomalous quantum diffusion scheme. Although the present chapter focuses on electrons in quasicrystals and complex metallic alloys, the concept that are developed here can be useful for phonons in these systems. There is also a deep analogy between the type of quantum transport described here and the conduction properties of other systems where charge carriers are also slow, such as some heavy fermions or polaronic systems.
description: review article. 65 pages
Comprehensive overview on DEWATS effluent post-treatments
Creators: name: Reysset, Marie
name: , Bill
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2021

description: This publication is the result of the technical assistance provided by UPM Umwelt-Projekt- Management GmbH (UPM) and its partners, the Centre for Sustainable and Ecological Sanitation (CSES) of the University of Science & Technology Beijing (USTB), and the Bureau of Socioeconomic Research and Training (BSERT) of the Bangladesh University of Agriculture (BAU) to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) and the local WASH sector in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, in cooperation with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
 The goal of this technical assistance assignment was to provide support to the emergency WASH sector and local sanitation administration, regarding faecal sludge management, with a focus on value recovery in emergency settings, in order to sustainably improve the living conditions of displaced populations and their
 host communities.
 The present manual “Comprehensive Overview on DEWATS Effluent Post-Treatments” was elaborated in the context of a series of training workshops organised by UPM and its partners in Cox’s Bazar based on a Training Needs Assessment implemented in early 2019 among the local WASH community.
 The content of this manual was presented as part of the Training session “DEWATS – Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Plant Systems, also applicable for treatment of faecal sludge” organized
 in Cox’s Bazar in January 2020. The objectives of the training were to support trainees to gain an understanding of the selection criteria for a decentralised wastewater treatment plant system chain, their limits and required adaptations to treat sludges and their appropriateness in the Rohingya Refugee camps context.
 This training manual is part of a "Methodologies & Application from Documented Experience" series.
Three-Point Function in Perturbed Liouville Gravity
Creators: name: Giribet, Gaston
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-point correlation function in perturbed conformal field theory coupled to two-dimensional quantum gravity (perturbed Liouville gravity) is explicitly computed by using the free field approach. The representation considered here is the one recently proposed in hep-th/0511252 to describe the string theory in AdS_3 space. Consequently, this computation extends previous results which presented free field calculations of particular cases of string amplitudes, and confirms that the free field approach leads to the exact result. Remarkably, this representation allows to compute winding violating three-point functions without making use of the spectral flow operator.
description: 12 pages; no figures. Discussion added. Version to appear in Phys.Lett.B