cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards Farm-Oriented Open Data in Europe: the Scope and Pilots of the European Project "FOODIE"
Creators: name: Řezník, T.
name: Lukas, V.
name: Charvát, K.
name: Horáková, Š.
name: Charvát Junior, K.
name: Řezník, T.
name: Lukas, V.
name: Charvát, K.
name: Horáková, Š.
name: Charvát Junior, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Open data
subject: agriculture
subject: farming on cloud
subject: telematics
subject: strategic planning
subject: farm management information systems

description: The different groups of stakeholders involved in the agricultural activities have to manage many different and heterogeneous sources of information that need to be combined in order to make economically and environmentally sound decisions, which include (among others) the definition of policies (subsidies, standardisation and regulation, national strategies for rural development, climate change), development of sustainable agriculture, harvest timing and yield estimation, crop damages detection, etc. The European project called “Farm-Oriented Open Data in Europe” with abbreviation "FOODIE", funded between years 2014 and 2017 addresses the above mentioned issues. This paper describes the scope of the project with emphasis on its pilots. The Czech pilot is then analysed in detail including its three scenarios: Improving efficiency of transport in agriculture, Telematics of farm machinery and Monitoring of in-field variability for site specific crop management.
Zero-frequency corner modes in mechanical graphene
Creators: name: Ba'ba'a, Hasan B. Al
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an unconstrained elastic body, emergence of zero natural frequencies is an expectable outcome on account of the body's ability to purely translate or rotate with no structural deformation. Recent advances in literature have pushed such conventional definition and demonstrated properties transcending typical zero-frequency modes, such as localization of deformation at a structural edge or corner. In this paper, a spring-mass honeycomb lattice with an elastic foundation, referred to here as mechanical graphene, is designed to exhibit zero-frequency corner modes. A central element in the proposed design is the elastic foundation, and the zero-frequency corner modes are enabled by intricate modulation of the elastic-foundation's stiffness. These modes are proven to have their origins from the dynamics of a diatomic chain, made from a single strip of the mechanical graphene with free boundaries. Different shapes of finite mechanical graphene with free boundaries are considered and conditions leading to the manifestation of corner modes are correlated with the angle of corners and stiffness of springs supporting them. Finally, the effect of defects on zero-frequency corner modes is briefly discussed, demonstrating robustness against structural defects that are distant from corners.
Dextella Fibiger, new genus
Creators: name: Fibiger, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Dextella

description: GENUS DEXTELLA Fibiger, new genus
 Type species: Dextella alleni Fibiger, new species.
description: Published as part of Fibiger, Michael, 2011, Revision of the Micronoctuidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Part 4, Taxonomy of the subfamilies Tentaxinae and Micronoctuinae, pp. 1-188 in Zootaxa 2842 (2842) on page 134, DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.2842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10095402
VALSE: A Task-Independent Benchmark for Vision and Language Models Centered on Linguistic Phenomena
Creators: name: Parcalabescu, Letitia
name: Cafagna, Michele
name: Muradjan, Lilitta
name: Frank, Anette
name: Calixto, Iacer
name: Gatt, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.2.10
subject: 68Txx

description: We propose VALSE (Vision And Language Structured Evaluation), a novel benchmark designed for testing general-purpose pretrained vision and language (V&L) models for their visio-linguistic grounding capabilities on specific linguistic phenomena. VALSE offers a suite of six tests covering various linguistic constructs. Solving these requires models to ground linguistic phenomena in the visual modality, allowing more fine-grained evaluations than hitherto possible. We build VALSE using methods that support the construction of valid foils, and report results from evaluating five widely-used V&L models. Our experiments suggest that current models have considerable difficulty addressing most phenomena. Hence, we expect VALSE to serve as an important benchmark to measure future progress of pretrained V&L models from a linguistic perspective, complementing the canonical task-centred V&L evaluations.
description: Paper accepted for publication at ACL 2022 Main; 28 pages, 4 figures, 11 tables
The Snowball Stratosphere
Creators: name: Graham, R. J.
name: Shaw, Tiffany
name: Abbot, Dorian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the Snowball Earth hypothesis, Earth has experienced periods of low-latitude glaciation in its deep past. Prior studies have used general circulation models (GCMs) to examine the effects such an extreme climate state might have on the structure and dynamics of Earth's troposphere, but the behavior of the stratosphere has not been studied in detail. Understanding the snowball stratosphere is important for developing an accurate account of the Earth's radiative and chemical properties during these episodes. Here we conduct the first analysis of the stratospheric circulation of the Snowball Earth using ECHAM6 general circulation model simulations. In order to understand the factors contributing to the stratospheric circulation, we extend the Statistical Transformed Eulerian Mean framework. We find that the stratosphere during a snowball with prescribed modern ozone levels exhibits a weaker meridional overturning circulation, reduced wave activity, stronger zonal jets, and is extremely cold relative to modern conditions. Notably, the snowball stratosphere displays no sudden stratospheric warmings. Without ozone, the stratosphere displays slightly weaker circulation, a complete lack of polar vortex, and even colder temperatures. We also explicitly quantify for the first time the cross-tropopause mass exchange rate and stratospheric mixing efficiency during the snowball and show that our values do not change the constraints on CO$_2$ inferred from geochemical proxies during the Marinoan glaciation ($\sim$635 Ma), unless the O$_2$ concentration during the snowball was orders of magnitude less than the CO$_2$ concentration.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures, submitted to JGR-Atmospheres
25th-order high-temperature expansion results for three-dimensional Ising-like systems on the simple cubic lattice
Creators: name: Campostrini, Massimo
name: Pelissetto, Andrea
name: Rossi, Paolo
name: Vicari, Ettore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 25th-order high-temperature series are computed for a general nearest-neighbor three-dimensional Ising model with arbitrary potential on the simple cubic lattice. In particular, we consider three improved potentials characterized by suppressed leading scaling corrections. Critical exponents are extracted from high-temperature series specialized to improved potentials, obtaining $γ=1.2373(2)$, $ν=0.63012(16)$, $α=0.1096(5)$, $η=0.03639(15)$, $β=0.32653(10)$, $δ=4.7893(8)$. Moreover, biased analyses of the 25th-order series of the standard Ising model provide the estimate $Δ=0.52(3)$ for the exponent associated with the leading scaling corrections. By the same technique, we study the small-magnetization expansion of the Helmholtz free energy. The results are then applied to the construction of parametric representations of the critical equation of state, using a systematic approach based on a global stationarity condition. Accurate estimates of several universal amplitude ratios are also presented.
description: 40 pages, 15 figures
Impact of Irrigation Technologies on Rural Households’ Poverty Status: the Case of Fogera District, North-Western Ethiopia
Creators: name: Solomon, S.
name: Ketema, M.
name: Solomon, S.
name: Ketema, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Ethiopia
subject: poverty
subject: irrigation technologies
subject: propensity score matching

description: This study tries to analyze whether irrigation technologies have reduced the incidence, depth, and severity of poverty in Fogera district of the Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia. It also assesses the possible impact brought about by irrigation technologies on households’ per capita consumption expenditure. Foster- Greer-Thorbeck (FGT) index and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) were used for analyzing the data collected from 180 farm households through formal survey techniques. The result indicated that annual per capita consumption expenditure of irrigation technology users is better than that of non-users. Among the different irrigation technology user groups, per capita consumption expenditure of diversion irrigation users is higher followed by that of motor pump users and treadle pump users in that order. Results from FGT index showed that users of different irrigation technologies are in a better position in terms of incidence, depth, and severity of poverty as compared to the non-users group. The PSM result also indicated that irrigation has increased per capita consumption expenditure of user households by 21 percent. It is, therefore, necessary to develop small-scale irrigation technologies and to encourage farm households to use the technologies in order to reduce poverty.
GW190521 as a dynamical capture of two nonspinning black holes
Creators: name: Gamba, Rossella
name: Breschi, Matteo
name: Carullo, Gregorio
name: Rettegno, Piero
name: Albanesi, Simone
name: Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
name: Nagar, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves from $\sim 90$ black holes binary systems have currently been detected by the LIGO and Virgo experiments, and their progenitors' properties inferred. This allowed the scientific community to draw conclusions on the formation channels of black holes in binaries, informing population models and -- at times -- defying our understanding of black hole astrophysics. The most challenging event detected so far is the short duration gravitational-wave transient GW190521. We analyze this signal under the hypothesis that it was generated by the merger of two nonspinning black holes on hyperbolic orbits. The best configuration matching the data corresponds to two black holes of source frame masses of $81^{+62}_{-25}M_\odot$ and $52^{+32}_{-32}M_\odot$ undergoing two encounters and then merging into an intermediate-mass black hole. We find that the hyperbolic merger hypothesis is favored with respect to a quasi-circular merger with precessing spins with Bayes' factors larger than 4300 to 1, although this number will be reduced by the currently uncertain prior odds. Our results suggest that GW190521 might be the first gravitational-wave detection from the dynamical capture of two stellar-mass nonspinning black holes.
description: Version accepted for publication
Dextella alleni Fibiger 2011, new species
Creators: name: Fibiger, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Dextella
Dextella alleni

description: Dextella alleni Fibiger, new species
(Plate 14, figures 1, 2; male genit. plate 29, figure 3; female genit. plate 37, figure 1)
description: Published as part of Fibiger, Michael, 2011, Revision of the Micronoctuidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Part 4, Taxonomy of the subfamilies Tentaxinae and Micronoctuinae, pp. 1-188 in Zootaxa 2842 (2842) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.2842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10095402
Medical practitioners’ experiences and considerations when managing sleep medication for adolescents and young adults
Creators: name: Andersen, Nanna Maria
name: Árnadóttir, Ásthildur
name: Willadsen, Tora Grauers
name: Overbeck, Gritt
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The prevalence of sleep disorders and use of sleep medication, particularly melatonin, are rising among adolescents and young adults (13–24 years). In Denmark, melatonin is approved for use in children with autism and ADHD up to 18 years of age, with other prescriptions being off-label in these age groups. The perspectives of medical practitioners on prescribing sleep medications to this age group remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the considerations of general practitioners (GPs) and child and adolescent psychiatrists (psychiatrists) when prescribing and deprescribing sleep medications for 13–24-year-olds. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with 10 GPs and six psychiatrists. Data were analyzed using an inductive approach. Psychiatrists typically prescribed melatonin with the expectation that deprescription would occur in general practice. Despite the universal goal of deprescription, it was hindered by various challenges. GPs identified patient motivation and a clear focus on deprescription as facilitative factors and expressed a need for enhanced emphasis on these aspects in general practice. The findings align with existing prescription trends and literature on factors that promote and inhibit deprescription. The study underscores the complexities of deprescribing sleep medications for adolescents and young adults, suggesting the need for expanded guidelines and enhanced continuing education for GPs. The research highlights significant discrepancies among medical practitioners regarding the deprescription process of sleep medications for young individuals, complicated by multiple factors. This underscores the need for better guidelines and further studies.
Vacuum-field-induced state mixing
Creators: name: de la Pradilla, Diego Fernández
name: Moreno, Esteban
name: Feist, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By engineering the electromagnetic vacuum field, the induced Casimir-Polder shift (also known as Lamb shift) and spontaneous emission rates of individual atomic levels can be controlled. When the strength of these effects becomes comparable to the energy difference between two previously uncoupled atomic states, an environment-induced interaction between these states appears after tracing over the environment. This interaction has been previously studied for degenerate levels and simple geometries involving infinite, perfectly conducting half-spaces or free space. Here, we generalize these studies by developing a convenient description that permits the analysis of these non-diagonal perturbations to the atomic Hamiltonian in terms of an accurate non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Applying this theory to a hydrogen atom close to a dielectric nanoparticle, we show strong vacuum-field-induced state mixing that leads to drastic modifications in both the energies and decay rates compared to conventional diagonal perturbation theory. In particular, contrary to the expected Purcell enhancement, we find a surprising decrease of decay rates within a considerable range of atom-nanoparticle separations. Furthermore, we quantify the large degree of mixing of the unperturbed eigenstates due to the non-diagonal perturbation. Our work opens new quantum state manipulation possibilities in emitters with closely spaced energy levels.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, letter
Universal Covers of Finite Groups
Creators: name: Dietrich, Heiko
name: Hulpke, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by quotient algorithms, such as the well-known $p$-quotient or solvable quotient algorithms, we describe how to compute extensions $\tilde H$ of a finite group $H$ by a direct sum of isomorphic simple $\mathbb{Z}_p H$-modules such that $H$ and $\tilde H$ have the same number of generators. Similar to other quotient algorithms, our description will be via a suitable covering group of $H$. Defining this covering group requires a study of the representation module, as introduced by Gaschütz in 1954. Our investigation involves so-called Fox derivatives (coming from free differential calculus) and, as a by-product, we prove that these can be naturally described via a wreath product construction. An important application of our results is that they can be used to compute, for a given epimorphism $G\to H$ and simple $\mathbb{Z}_p H$-module $V$, the largest quotient of $G$ that maps onto $H$ with kernel isomorphic to a direct sum of copies of $V$. For this we also provide a description of how to compute second cohomology groups for the (not necessarily solvable) group $H$, assuming a confluent rewriting system for $H$. To represent the corresponding group extensions on the computer, we introduce a new hybrid format that combines this rewriting system with the polycyclic presentation of the module.
Magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole responses of elliptic quantum dots in magnetic fields
Creators: name: Lipparini, Enrico
name: Serra, Llorenç
name: Puente, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadupole (E2) responses of two-dimensional quantum dots with an elliptic shape are theoretically investigated as a function of the dot deformation and applied static magnetic field. Neglecting the electron-electron interaction we obtain analytical results which indicate the existence of four characteristic modes, with different $B$-dispersion of their energies and associated strengths. Interaction effects are numerically studied within the time-dependent local-spin-density theory, assessing the validity of the non-interacting picture.
description: 11 pages, 3 GIF figures
Estimates of the accuracy of asymptotic probability models
Creators: name: Shevtsova, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05

description: Convergence rate estimates in limit theorems for sums of independent random variables are considered.
description: in Russian
Delamination-assisted ultrafast wrinkle formation in a freestanding film
Creators: name: Su, Yifan
name: Zong, Alfred
name: Kogar, Anshul
name: Lu, Di
name: Hong, Seung Sae
name: Freelon, Byron
name: Rohwer, Timm
name: Hwang, Harold Y.
name: Gedik, Nuh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to synthesize and control two-dimensional (2D) crystals creates numerous opportunities for studying emergent states of matter and their novel functionalities. Freestanding films provide a particularly versatile platform for materials engineering in 2D thanks to additional structural motifs not found in films adhered to a flat substrate. A ubiquitous example is wrinkles, yet little is known about how they can develop over as fast as a few picoseconds due to a lack of experimental probes to visualize their dynamics in real time at the nanoscopic scale. Here, we use ultrafast electron diffraction to directly observe light-activated wrinkling formation in a freestanding La$_{2/3}$Ca$_{1/3}$MnO$_3$ film. Via a ``lock-in'' analysis of a single mode of oscillation in the diffraction peak position, intensity, and width, we are able to quantitatively reconstruct how wrinkles develop at the picosecond timescale. Contrary to the common assumption of a fixed boundary condition for freestanding films, we found that wrinkle development is associated with ultrafast delamination at the contact point between the film boundary and the underlying substrate, avoiding a strain build-up in the film. Not only does our work provide a generic protocol to quantify wrinkling dynamics in freestanding films, it also highlights the importance of film-substrate interaction for determining the properties of freestanding structures.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, including supplemental material
Spiked harmonic oscillators
Creators: name: Hall, Richard L.
name: Saad, Nasser
name: von Keviczky, Attila B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A complete variational treatment is provided for a family of spiked-harmonic oscillator Hamiltonians H = -d^2/dx^2 + B x^2 + lambda/x^alpha, B > 0, lambda > 0, for arbitrary alpha > 0. A compact topological proof is presented that the set S = {psi_n} of known exact solutions for alpha = 2 constitutes an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space L_2(0, infinity). Closed-form expressions are derived for the matrix elements of H with respect to S. These analytical results, and the inclusion of a further free parameter, facilitate optimized variational estimation of the eigenvalues of H to high accuracy.
description: 32 pages
A Survey of 557 GHz Water Vapor Emission in the NGC 1333 Molecular Cloud
Creators: name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Kaufman, Michael J.
name: Melnick, Gary J.
name: Snell, Ronald L.
name: Howe, John E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using NASA's Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) we have examined the production of water in quiescent and shocked molecular gas through a survey of the 556.936 GHz transition of ortho-H2O in the NGC 1333 molecular core. These observations reveal broad emission lines associated with the IRAS~2, IRAS~4, IRAS~7, and HH7-11 outflows. Towards 3 positions we detect narrow (~2-3 km/s) emission lines clearly associated with the ambient gas. The SWAS observations, with a resolution of 4', are supplemented with observations from the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and by an unbiased survey of a 17' x 15' area, with 50" resolution, in the low-J transitions of CO, 13CO, C18O, N2H+, CH3OH, and SiO. Using these combined data sets, with consistent assumptions, we find beam-averaged o-H2O abundances of > 10^{-6} relative to H2O for all four outflows. A comparison of SWAS and ISO water data is consistent with non-dissociative shock models, provided the majority of the 557 GHz emission arises from cool post-shock material with enhanced abundances. In the ambient gas the o-H2O abundance is found to lie between 0.1-1 x 10^{-7} relative to H2 and is enhanced when compared to cold pre-stellar molecular cores. A comparison of the water emission with tracers of dense condensations and shock chemistry finds no clear correlation. However, the water emission appears to be associated with the presence of luminous external heating sources which power the reflection nebula and the photodissociation (PDR) region. Simple PDR models are capable of reproducing the water and high-J 13CO emission, suggesting that a PDR may account for the excitation of water in low density undepleted gas as suggested by Spaans & van Dishoeck (2001).
description: 36 pages, 8 figures (2 color), accepted by ApJ
Crisis Communication – Creating Media Partners for Transportation Disasters
Creators: name: Lynn, Jill A.
name: Lynn, Jill A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The 24-hour news cycle is a phenomenon that is here to stay. As transportation professionals we must learn to control this phenomenon with confidence and finesse, especially when it relates to transportation incidents and accidents. The media should not be viewed as the enemy, but as a potential partner who can assist with providing, obtaining, and disseminating critical information to populations who have an interest and/or stake in the event that has occurred. Previously viewed as “just another function” of the public relations department, research in the areas of communications and mass media has discovered that the communication processes used during a disaster (crisis) of any type have become highly specialized. Traditional public relations skills and training provide a base knowledge, but specially trained individuals are needed to create and maintain a cooperative partnership with the media, in an effort to control the message to reduce unsubstantiated accusations, disclosures, and panic. A Purdue University aviation technology researcher as been working with communication and media professionals to develop crisis / disaster communication programs and processes needed to handle the delicate and demanding area of crisis communication for the transportation industry. This paper shows the effects of using specialized programs to develop positive and trusting relationships with media (and other populations) during times of normal operations, and how these partnerships can be used to handle crisis communication in a controlled and positive manner. In addition, the paper addresses the need for specialized training in the area of crisis communication, and discusses programs to provide this training. Crisis communication is not an element transportation professionals can leave to chance, or rely on the basic skills of public relations professionals to handle efficiently. In this era of 24-hour, on-demand news we must be proactive in establishing communication processes and programs to provide accurate and timely information to maintain the public’s trust during a time of crisis. The inability to properly manage crisis communication can lead to public mistrusted, unwarranted suffering, and devastating economic problems for an organization.
Insulating Ferromagnetism in La$_{4}$Ba$_{2}$Cu$_{2}$O$_{10}$: an \textit{Ab Initio} Wannier Function Analysis
Creators: name: Ku, Wei
name: Rosner, H.
name: Pickett, W. E.
name: Scalettar, R. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microscopic mechanisms of the puzzling insulating ferromagnetism of half-filled La$_{4}$Ba$_{2}$Cu$_{2}$O$_{10}$ are elucidated with energy-resolved Wannier states. The dominant magnetic coupling, revealed through evaluated parameters ($t$, $U$, and $J$), turns out to be the intersite direct exchange, a currently ignored mechanism that overwhelms the antiferromagnetic superexchange. By contrast, the isostructural Nd$_{4}$Ba$_{2}$Cu$_{2}$O$_{10}$ develops the observed antiferromagnetic order via its characteristics of a 1D chain. Surprisingly, the in-plane order of both cases is \textit{not} controlled by coupling between nearest neighbors. An intriguing pressure-induced ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition is predicted.
description: 4 pages, 3 color figures
An Introduction to the Transmon Qubit for Electromagnetic Engineers
Creators: name: Roth, Thomas E.
name: Ma, Ruichao
name: Chew, Weng C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most popular approaches being pursued to achieve a quantum advantage with practical hardware are superconducting circuit devices. Although significant progress has been made over the previous two decades, substantial engineering efforts are required to scale these devices so they can be used to solve many problems of interest. Unfortunately, much of this exciting field is described using technical jargon and concepts from physics that are unfamiliar to a classically trained electromagnetic engineer. As a result, this work is often difficult for engineers to become engaged in. We hope to lower the barrier to this field by providing an accessible review of one of the most prevalently used quantum bits (qubits) in superconducting circuit systems, the transmon qubit. Most of the physics of these systems can be understood intuitively with only some background in quantum mechanics. As a result, we avoid invoking quantum mechanical concepts except where it is necessary to ease the transition between details in this work and those that would be encountered in the literature. We believe this leads to a gentler introduction to this fascinating field, and hope that more researchers from the classical electromagnetic community become engaged in this area in the future.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Diagnostic accuracy of signs and symptoms in acute coronary syndrome and acute myocardial infarction
Creators: name: Raat, Willem
name: Nees, Lotte
name: Vaes, Bert
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Virology

description: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) account for a large portion of cardiovascular deaths. Signs and symptoms for these syndromes, such as chest pain, are non-specific and can be caused by a variety of non-cardiac conditions, especially in low-prevalence settings such as general practice. The diagnostic value of these signs and symptoms can be assessed using diagnostic meta-analyses, but the last one dates from 2012. We performed a diagnostic meta-analysis in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL from 2006 to 2024. We included studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of thirteen different signs and symptoms. We divided patients into two subgroups (AMI and ACS) on which analysis was performed independently. We selected 24 articles for inclusion. Our analysis indicates that signs and symptoms have a limited role in the diagnosis of AMI or ACS. The most useful (highest diagnostic odds ratios, DOR) in the diagnosis of AMI were pain radiating to both arms (DOR 2.95 (95%CI 1.57–5.06)), absence of chest wall tenderness (DOR 3.51 (95%CI 1.64–6.61)), pain radiating to the right arm (DOR 5.17 (95%CI 1.77–11.9)) and sweating (DOR 5.75 (95%CI 2.51–11.4)). For ACS these were pain radiating to the right arm (DOR 3.9 (95%CI 0.7–12.6)) and absence of chest wall tenderness (DOR 7.73 (95%CI 2.19–19.8)). We report the accuracy of thirteen signs and symptoms in the diagnosis of AMI and ACS. These can be useful to calibrate general practitioners’ diagnostic assessment of chest pain in primary care settings.
A New Measurement of the Proton Capture Rate on 7Be and the S17(0) Factor
Creators: name: Baby, L. T.
name: Bordeanu, C.
name: Goldring, G.
name: Hass, M.
name: Weissman, L.
name: Fedoseyev, V. N.
name: Koester, U.
name: Nir-El, Y.
name: Haquin, G.
name: Gaggeler, H. W.
name: Weinreich, R.
name: Collaboration, the ISOLDE
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction plays a central role in the evaluation of solar neutrino fluxes. We report on a new precision measurement of the cross section of this reaction, following our previous experiment with an implanted target, a raster scanned beam and the elimination of backscattering losses. The new measurement incorporates a higher activity 7Be target and a number of improvements in design and procedure. The cross section at Ec.m. = 850 keV was measured several times under varying expermental conditions, yielding a value of S17(Ec.m.=850 keV) = 24.0 +/- 0.5 eV b. Measurements were carried out at lower energies as well. We obtain from the entire set of measurements an extrapolated value of S17(0) = 21.2 +/- 0.7 eV b.
description: Full details of the nucl-ex/0208005, PRL 90, 022501 (2003); 17 figures
The Dirty Job Of Truck Movement Data Gathering: An Evaluation of Intercept Surveys
Creators: name: Jessup, Eric
name: Casavant, Ken
name: Lawson, Catherine
name: Kirk, Alan
name: Jessup, Eric
name: Casavant, Ken
name: Lawson, Catherine
name: Kirk, Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Many states have limited information on truck trips, their origins and destinations, routes traveled and commodities carried. The overall goal of this study was to identify a reliable data collection method capable of generating specific detail useful to Oregon Department of Transportation’s modeling and freight planning needs for data on truck movements at the metropolitan level. This report looks specifically at the use of interceptor surveys at different land use locations. Roadside interviews were conducted on an interstate highway, a port facility and a warehouse/distribution center. Results indicate that data captured at roadside interview locations do provide excellent trip detail for inter-regional movements (state and interstate highway locations) and also very good trip detail for intra- regional freight movements (warehouse / distribution center locations). It was found that the capture rate (number of vehicles sampled out of the total volume) is dependent upon available parking and survey personnel relative to the total truck traffic volume and undoubtedly will vary by roadside interview site. All three types of roadside interviews produced high response rates related to vehicle and trailer, carrier identification, route, and facility. Roadside interviews at the warehouse/distribution center and interstate highway weigh station provided high response rates related to commodity type, while the preponderance of container traffic at the port facility limited responses on payload information. Obtaining specific street addresses and zip codes for trip origin and destination is very difficult for all types of roadside interviews, but the best responses were from warehouse/distribution centers. Specific findings and analyses will be presented in the paper. Implications for costs and applicability are drawn.
Dextella khaoyaiana Fibiger 2011, new species
Creators: name: Fibiger, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Dextella
Dextella khaoyaiana

description: Dextella khaoyaiana Fibiger, new species
(Plate 14, figure 3; male genit. plate 29, figure 4)
description: Published as part of Fibiger, Michael, 2011, Revision of the Micronoctuidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Part 4, Taxonomy of the subfamilies Tentaxinae and Micronoctuinae, pp. 1-188 in Zootaxa 2842 (2842) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.2842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10095402
Dissipative light-matter coupling and anomalous dispersion in nonideal cavities
Creators: name: Bleu, Olivier
name: Choo, Kenneth
name: Levinsen, Jesper
name: Parish, Meera M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the scenario of an emitter embedded in a nonideal cavity. Using an input-output approach to describe the open system, we show that an effective dissipative coupling between the emitter and the cavity can emerge because of their interaction with a common photonic environment. The underlying mechanism is independent of the nature of the emitter and exists even at zero temperature; hence our results provide a pathway for accessing a range of non-Hermitian phenomena in a variety of light-matter coupled systems. In particular, we show that the effective dissipative coupling can lead to the phenomenon of level attraction between the emitter and cavity mode when the radiative decay rates exceed the conventional Rabi coupling. Our model thus provides a possible explanation for the anomalous dispersions and negative mass observed in recent photoluminescence measurements in semiconductor microcavities. Finally, we show that our effective non-Hermitian system can produce hybrid light-matter exceptional points and bound states in the continuum.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Semiclassical theory of shot noise in ballistic n+-i-n+ semiconductor strucutres: relevance of Pauli and long range Coulomb correlations
Creators: name: Gomila, G.
name: Cantalapiedra, I. R.
name: Gonzalez, T.
name: Reggiani, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We work out a semiclassical theory of shot noise in ballistic n+-i-n+ semiconductor structures aiming at studying two fundamental physical correlations coming from Pauli exclusion principle and long range Coulomb interaction. The theory provides a unifying scheme which, in addition to the current-voltage characteristics, describes the suppression of shot noise due to Pauli and Coulomb correlations in the whole range of system parameters and applied bias. The whole scenario is summarized by a phase diagram in the plane of two dimensionless variables related to the sample length and contact chemical potential. Here different regions of physical interest can be identified where only Coulomb or only Pauli correlations are active, or where both are present with different relevance. The predictions of the theory are proven to be fully corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures. Title changed and Introduction rewritten. Accepted for publication in Physical Review B
Efficient Optical Quantification of Heterogeneous Emitter Ensembles
Creators: name: Breitweiser, S. Alex
name: Exarhos, Annemarie L.
name: Patel, Raj N.
name: Saouaf, Jennifer
name: Porat, Benjamin
name: Hopper, David A.
name: Bassett, Lee C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Defect-based quantum emitters in solid state materials offer a promising platform for quantum communication and sensing. Confocal fluorescence microscopy techniques have revealed quantum emitters in a multitude of host materials. In some materials, however, optical properties vary widely between emitters, even within the same sample. In these cases, traditional ensemble fluorescence measurements are confounded by heterogeneity, whereas individual defect-by-defect studies are impractical. Here, we develop a method to quantitatively and systematically analyze the properties of heterogeneous emitter ensembles using large-area photoluminescence maps. We apply this method to study the effects of sample treatments on emitters in hexagonal boron nitride, and we find that low-energy (3 keV) electron irradiation creates emitters, whereas high-temperature (850 $^\circ$C) annealing in an inert gas environment brightens emitters.
description: 18 pages; Raw data and analysis included as ancillary file
Internal transitions in the confined biexciton
Creators: name: Perez, Ricardo
name: Gonzalez, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical internal transitions relevant to ODR experiments are computed for the biexciton in a quantum dot in the strong confinement regime. Valence sub-band mixing effects are taken into account in second order pertubation theory. The transition probability from the ground state is concentrated in a few states with relatively high excitation energies. Level collissions with oscillator strength transfer are observed as the magnetic field is raised.
description: Accepted in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
A bound on the index of exponent-$4$ algebras in terms of the $u$-invariant
Creators: name: Becher, Karim Johannes
name: Bingöl, Fatma Kader
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12E15, 16K20, 16K50

description: For a prime number $p$, an integer $e\geq 2$ and a field $F$ containing a primitive $p^e$-th root of unity, the index of central simple $F$-algebras of exponent $p^e$ is bounded in terms of the $p$-symbol length of $F$. For a nonreal field $F$ of characteristic different from $2$, the index of central simple algebras of exponent $4$ is bounded in terms of the $u$-invariant of $F$. Finally, a new construction for nonreal fields of $u$-invariant $6$ is presented.
description: 12 pages
Local Moment Formation in the Superconducting State of a Doped Mott Insulator
Creators: name: Wang, Ziqiang
name: Lee, Patrick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic theory is presented for the local moment formation near a non-magnetic impurity or a copper defect in high-T_c superconductors. We use a renormalized meanfield theory of the t-J model for a doped Mott insulator and study the fully self-consistent, spatially unrestricted solutions of the d-wave superconducting (SC) state in both the spin S=0 and S=1/2 sectors. We find a transition from the singlet d-wave SC state to a spin doublet SC state when the renormalized exchange coupling exceeds a doping dependent critical value. The induced S=1/2 moment is staggered and localized around the impurity. It arises from the binding of an S=1/2 nodal quasiparticle excitation to the impurity. The local density of states spectrum is calculated and connections to NMR and STM experiments are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, revised version, to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Dextella flavus Fibiger 2011, new species
Creators: name: Fibiger, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Dextella
Dextella flavus

description: Dextella flavus Fibiger, new species
(Plate 14, figure 4; male genit. plate 29, figure 5)
description: Published as part of Fibiger, Michael, 2011, Revision of the Micronoctuidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Part 4, Taxonomy of the subfamilies Tentaxinae and Micronoctuinae, pp. 1-188 in Zootaxa 2842 (2842) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.2842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10095402
The Saga of M81: Global View of a Massive Stellar Halo in Formation
Creators: name: Smercina, Adam
name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Price, Paul A.
name: Slater, Colin T.
name: D'Souza, Richard
name: Bailin, Jeremy
name: de Jong, Roelof S.
name: Jang, In Sung
name: Monachesi, Antonela
name: Nidever, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work has shown that Milky Way-mass galaxies display an incredible range of stellar halo properties, yet the origin of this diversity is unclear. The nearby galaxy M81 $-$ currently interacting with M82 and NGC 3077 $-$ sheds unique light on this problem. We present a Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey of the resolved stellar populations around M81, revealing M81's stellar halo in never-before-seen detail. We resolve the halo to unprecedented $V$-band equivalent surface brightnesses of 33 mag arcsec$^{-2}$, and produce the first-ever global stellar mass density map for a Milky Way-mass stellar halo outside of the Local Group. Using the minor axis, we confirm M81's halo as one of the lowest mass and metal-poorest known ($M_{\star} \simeq 1.16{\times}10^9 M_{\odot}$, [Fe/H] $\simeq {-}1.2$) $-$ indicating a relatively quiet prior accretion history. Yet, our global halo census finds that tidally unbound material from M82 and NGC 3077 provides a substantial infusion of metal-rich material ($M_{\star} \simeq 5.4{\times}10^8$ $M_{\odot}$, [Fe/H] $\simeq {-}$0.9). We further show that, following the accretion of its massive satellite M82 (and the LMC-like NGC 3077), M81 will host one of the most massive and metal-rich stellar halos in the nearby universe. Thus, the saga of M81: following a passive history, M81's merger with M82 will completely transform its halo from a low-mass, anemic halo rivaling the MW, to a metal-rich behemoth rivaled only by systems such as M31. This dramatic transformation indicates that the observed diversity in stellar halo properties is primarily driven by diversity in the largest mergers these galaxies have experienced.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, accepted to ApJ
Health determinants among participants in targeted health dialogues offered to all 40-year-old individuals in a metropolitan region of 1.4 million people
Creators: name: Stenman, Emelie
name: Bolmsjö, Beata Borgström
name: Grundberg, Anton
name: Sundquist, Kristina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: To examine cardiovascular risk factors in 40-year-old participants in the health screening program targeted health dialogues (THDs). Cross-sectional study. 99 Swedish healthcare centers. Metabolic risk factors and health behaviors were assessed. THDs were provided. 1831 (62.3%) THD participants that consented to take part in the research project. (1) Prevalence of metabolic risk factors (blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, BMI, waist-hip ratio) and unhealthy behaviors (tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity) by sex, education, and place of birth. (2) Associations between different health behaviors and between the number of unhealthy behaviors and prevalence of metabolic risk factors. (3) THD participation by sociodemographics compared to age-matched controls. Men had a higher prevalence of all metabolic risk factors, excessive alcohol use and tobacco use than women. Lower educated individuals had a higher prevalence of metabolic risk factors (except for LDL cholesterol) and tobacco use than highly educated. Participants born outside Sweden had a higher prevalence of obesity, high waist-hip ratio, and tobacco use. Participants with 3–4 unhealthy behaviors had significantly higher prevalence of each of the metabolic risk factors except BMI. Women, highly educated and Swedish-born participants were slightly over-represented in the THDs. Considering the associations between unhealthy behaviors and metabolic risk factors, the THD method, covering lifestyle as well as objective health measures, may be an appropriate method for early identification of individuals at risk for future non-communicable diseases in the whole population with a specific focus on certain groups. NCT04912739 The study presents health determinants in 40-year-old targeted health dialogue (THD) participants in a Swedish metropolitan, multi-ethnic region. Only half of the men had normal blood pressure and less than 40% had a BMI < 25 kg/m2. Having 3–4 unhealthy behaviors was associated with significantly higher prevalence of all metabolic risk factors (except BMI) compared to zero unhealthy behaviors. The predominance of female, highly educated and Swedish-born participants in THDs calls for a targeted outreach to certain population groups.