cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Three Is Not a Crowd: A Case for Granting Parental Rights to Mitochondrial DNA Providers
Creators: name: Bhatt, Rohin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Mitochondrial DNA
Reproductive rights
Fertilization in vitro, Human
Parenthood
Same-sex parents
Bioethics

description: Parenthood claims based on mitochondrial DNA are justified biologically and could arise from people using mitochondrial DNA as part of an in vitro procedure to create children genetically related to two mothers. This paper explores parental rights issues in three parent babies arguing the rights of anyone contributing only mitochondrial DNA should be similar to that of a gamete provider: contractual when no parenting is intended and subject to parenthood claims in the case of lesbian mothers giving two parents equal child-rearing rights when both contribute DNA. This could avoid a need for adoption procedures when one partner’s pregnancy results in the birth of a baby that is the genetic child of both. Like egg or sperm donations, when the provider plans to raise the child, parenting rights attach partly based on genetics. When the donor is not part of the child-raising circle, the donor normally waives parenting rights and is relieved of parenting obligations. Mitochondria are cell organelles present in the cytoplasm responsible for producing the energy cells need to carry out their normal activities. Mitochondria possess their own DNA, distinct from ours, containing about 37 genes. This accounts for less than 0.1 percent of the total DNA present in our bodies. Nevertheless, mitochondrial DNA is crucial: without it, mitochondria could not function.[1]
Recruiting Psychology Students to Participate in Faculty/Department Research: Ethical Considerations and Best Practices
Creators: name: Moorthy, Gyan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research--Moral and ethical aspects
Psychology--Research
Institutional review boards (Medicine)
Universities and colleges--Research
Teacher-student relationships

description: Introductory psychology courses often have high enrollments and present department faculty and staff with a large pool of potential research subjects.[1] At many institutions, professors make participation in department research a course requirement or offer extra credit as a participation incentive. Early participation is thought to benefit students by exposing them to the research process and to techniques they may encounter in the future.[2] Many students who choose to participate are pleased with their experience and feel more connected to their departmental community.[3] Nevertheless, the unique faculty-student relationship raises important questions about the ethics of student participation in faculty or department research.[4]
General relativistic simulations of binary black hole-neutron stars: Precursor electromagnetic signals
Creators: name: Paschalidis, Vasileios
name: Etienne, Zachariah B.
name: Shapiro, Stuart L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the first general relativistic force-free simulations of neutron star (NS) magnetospheres in orbit about spinning and non-spinning black holes. We find promising precursor electromagnetic emission: typical Poynting luminosities at, e.g., an orbital separation of 6.6 times the NS radius are L ~ 6 x 10^{42} erg/s for a 1.4 solar-mass NS with a 10^{13}G polar magnetic field. The Poynting flux peaks within a broad beam of ~40 degrees in the azimuthal direction and within ~60 degrees from the orbital plane, establishing a possible lighthouse effect. Our calculations, though preliminary, preview more detailed simulations of these systems that we plan to perform in the future.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, matches published version in PRD Rapid Communications, two references fixed
Theoretical study of the open-flavor tetraquark $T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)$ in the process $\bar{B}_s^0 \to K^0 D^0 π^0$
Creators: name: Lyu, Wen-Tao
name: Duan, Man-Yu
name: Wang, Xiaoyu
name: Chen, Dian-Yong
name: Wang, En
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the LHCb Collaboration has measured two decay processes $B^0\to\bar{D}^0D_s^+π^-$ and $B^+\to D^-D_s^+π^+$ related to isospin symmetry, where two new open-flavor tetraquark states $T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)^0$ and $T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)^{++}$ that belong to an isospin triplet were observed in the $D_s^+π^-$ and $D_s^+π^+$ invariant mass distributions. In this work, we have investigated the validity of the process $\bar{B}_s^0\to K^0D^0π^0$ as the promising process to confirm the existence of $T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)^0$ resonance. Taking into account the tetraquark state $T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)$, as well as intermediate resonances $K^*(892)$, $K_0^*(1430)$, and $K_2^*(1430)$, it has been shown that a clear peak of the open-flavor tetraquark $T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)$ appears in the $K^0D^0$ invariant mass distribution of the process $\bar{B}_s^0\to K^0D^0π^0$, which could be tested by future experiments.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, publicated version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2310.11139
title: Датировка грекоязычных еврейских надписей на стеле из Афродисиады: гипотезы и аргументы
Creators: name: Левинская, Ирина
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Статья посвящена дискуссии о датировке надписей на стеле в г. Афродисиада. Исследовательница М.Вилльямс предлагает свою датировку, основываясь на ономастических аргументах. Гораздо более обоснованными выглядят аргументы Дж.Магнесс, датировка которой основана на датах монет, обнаруженных под мозаичными полами. Дополнительная аргументация основана на том соображении, что упоминаемый в надписях термин palatinos использовался начиная с IV в. как обозначение военных или гражданских лиц, служивших при дворе; вместе с тем, закон от 418 г. ограничивал использование евреев на государственной службе и прямо предписывал евреям оставить должность палатинов по завершению их службы и запрещал им впредь занимать эту должность. Это соображение делает дату IV в. более правдоподобной.
LASIK Surgery: Do the Advertising and Risk Disclosures Reflect the True Risk of Complication?
Creators: name: Yu, Megan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bioethics
Medical ethics
LASIK (Eye surgery)
Informed consent (Medical law)
Advertising--Medicine
Advertising--Moral and ethical aspects

description: LASIK surgery, one of the most common elective procedures worldwide, aims to decrease or eliminate the need to wear glasses or contact lenses by reshaping the cornea’s curvature to restore the eye’s refractive power.[1] There is a popular belief among the public that the procedure is “virtually foolproof”,[2] which is largely shaped by LASIK advertising and marketing techniques.[3] However, recent studies and news reports suggest that complications after LASIK surgery are not uncommon and that many eye centers and LASIK advertisements continue to promise “20/20 vision or your money back” or fail to disclose possible LASIK complications.[4] In fact, a recent study conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found that 1 to 4 percent of participants were dissatisfied with the visual complications after LASIK surgery.[5] Misleading information provided to the public about the procedure contributes to the popularity of LASIK. This paper discusses the ethical issues currently associated with both advertising and physicians’ disclosures of risks surrounding the procedure and provides recommendations to address these LASIK complications. LASIK is the most popular procedure used to correct the refractive error, which includes myopia and hyperopia.[6] Using this procedure, the ophthalmologist reshapes the cornea by removing eye tissue in different areas depending on the patient’s condition.[7] A flap approximately the size of a contact lens is formed using a femtosecond laser. This flap folds back in place and adheres to the corneal surface.[8]
The abundance of voids and the excursion set formalism
Creators: name: Jennings, Elise
name: Li, Yin
name: Hu, Wayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the number density of voids in the dark matter distribution from a series of N-body simulations of a ΛCDM cosmology. We define voids as spherical regions of ρ_v = 0.2ρ_m around density minima in order to relate our results to the predicted abundances using the excursion set formalism. Using a linear underdensity of δ_v = -2.7, from a spherical evolution model, we find that a volume conserving model, which does not conserve number density in the mapping from the linear to nonlinear regime, matches the measured abundance to within 16% for a range of void radii 1< r(Mpc/h)<15. This model fixes the volume fraction of the universe which is in voids and assumes that voids of a similar size merge as they expand by a factor of 1.7 to achieve a nonlinear density of ρ_v = 0.2ρ_m today. We find that the model of Sheth & van de Weygaert (2004) for the number density of voids greatly overpredicts the abundances over the same range of scales. We find that the volume conserving model works well at matching the number density of voids measured from the simulations at higher redshifts, z=0.5 and 1, as well as correctly predicting the abundances to within 25% in a simulation of a matter dominated Ω_m = 1 universe. We examine the abundance of voids in the halo distribution and find fewer small, r<10 Mpc/h, voids and many more large, r>10 Mpc/h, voids compared to the dark matter. These results indicate that voids identified in the halo or galaxy distribution are related to the underlying void distribution in the dark matter in a complicated way which merits further study if voids are to be used as a precision probe of cosmology.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, matches published version in MNRAS
The Dual Role of the Medical Device Representative: Supporting the Surgeon and Selling the Product, Which Role Takes Priority?
Creators: name: Lively, Cathy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bioethics
Medical instruments and apparatus industry
Surgeons
Medical ethics
Sales personnel

description: Surgeons have an increasing strong relationship with the medical device industry prompting several questions about the duty owed to patients and the financial motives of the industry’s sales representatives.
title: Технологический процесс выделки кожевенного сырья: опыт применения РФА (по материалам раскопок в Старой Руссе)
Creators: name: Нефедова, Маргарита
name: Торопова, Елена
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: На основе российских, зарубежных исследований и личного опыта для решения проблем, связанных с изучением средневековой технологии выделки кож, предлагается применение неразрушающего рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа (РФА). Источником исследования являются находки из кожи второй половины XIV — начала XV в., обнаруженные в ходе раскопок в Старой Руссе в 2015 г. на Пятницком-II раскопе. Анализы проведены на приборе EDX-720 фирмы “Shimadzu” (Япония). Представлен РФА образцов не только археологической кожи, но и современных образцов, подготовленных для эксперимента: шкуры без обработки; кожи, прошедшие различные стадии выделки по древнерусской технологии; кожи растительного и хромового дубления. Для археологической кожи проведены эксперименты по выявлению влияния процесса консервации на результаты химического анализа.
Pseudo-magnetic fields in graphene in excess of 300T: theoretical framework
Creators: name: Atanasov, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental demonstration of pseudo-magnetic fields exceeding 300 T in graphene [2] nanobubbles represents considerable challenge for the present theory connecting the emergence of gauge fields due to strain in the underlying lattice. Here we propose a theoretical framework within which the magnitude of the pseudo-magnetic fields can be computed more accurately. The basic feature of this framework is that the carriers in graphene are considered with their three dimensional wave function which is then gradually constrained to the graphene surface. In the process, a geometrically induced gauge field emerges in the two dimensional equation for the surface dynamics. The computation of the magnetic field associated with this gauge potential reproduces the measured field strength.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1101.5243
title: Προσομοίωση γραμμής παραγωγής αναψυκτικών κατά
παρτίδες

title: Simulation of a beverage batch production line
Creators: name: Τσουνι Λουλβιλα
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2022

description: Στη παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αναπτύσσεται ένα μοντέλο προσομοίωσης της γραμμής παραγωγής αναψυκτικών της εταιρίας «ΓΕΡΑΝΙ Α.Ε.». Στο συγκεκριμένο σύστημα, η παραγωγή γίνεται με βάση τις παραγγελίες αναψυκτικών διαφόρων τύπων και περιλαμβάνει την κυκλοφορία υγρών υλών (νερό, χυμοί, διαλύματα) και διακριτών κομματιών (φιάλες, συσκευασίες) και την παραγωγή κατά παρτίδες ανάλογα με τα είδη αναψυκτικών που έχει κάθε παραγγελία. Μελετώνται τα στάδια της παραγωγής και συσκευασίας από απόψεως κυκλοφορίας, αποθήκευσης και επεξεργασίας υλικών. Αναπτύσσονται μοντέλα προσομοίωσης με χρήση του ειδικού λογισμικού SIMIO και με πρόγραμμα στη Matlab. Διαπιστώθηκε ότι το δεύτερο προσφέρει στον χρήστη μεγαλύτερη ευκολία για την περιγραφή της παραγωγής κατά παρτίδες. Το πρόγραμμα προσομοίωσης χρησιμοποιείται στην εκτίμηση σημαντικών μέτρων απόδοσης του συστήματος, όπως χρόνοι υλοποίησης διάφορων προγραμμάτων παραγωγής, καθυστερήσεις διεκπεραίωσης παραγγελιών και το μέσο απόθεμα κάθε προϊόντος στην αποθήκη. Δοκιμάζοντας διάφορες τιμές παραμέτρων για μία ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενη πολιτική παραγωγής παρτίδων προσδιορίζεται ο συνδυασμός εκείνος που ελαχιστοποιεί ένα συνολικό μέτρο κόστους του συστήματος. Το μοντέλο θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει βάση για την ανάπτυξη σχεδίων βελτίωσης της παραγωγής, τον σχεδιασμό μίας νέας γραμμής παραγωγής ή την επέκταση της υπάρχουσας.
description: This thesis develops a simulation model of the soft drinks production line of "Gerani S.A." company. In this system, the production is controlled based on customer orders involving soft drinks of different types, and it includes liquids (water, juices, and solutions) discrete items (bottles, packages) and production in batches (lots) depending on the types of soft drinks ordered. The production and packaging stages are studied from the point of view of circulation, storage, and material processing. Simulation models are developed using the specific simulation software SIMIO and by programming in MATLAB. It was found that the latter can describe lot sizing policies with greater ease. Τhe simulation program is used to estimate important performance measures of the production system, such as the completion times of various production schedules, delays in handling customer orders, and the average stock of each product. By testing various values for the parameters of a commonly used lot scheduling policy the combination that minimizes a given cost criterion is found. The model could form the basis for developing production improvement plans, designing a new production line or expanding the existing one.
title: Научный кадровый и индустриальный потенциал Ленинграда (1950—1960-е гг.)
Creators: name: Прищепа, Александр
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Рассматривается процесс консолидации и укрепления союзов между научными и производственными коллективами в Ленинграде, начавшийся в 1950—1960-е гг. в СССР. В основу работы положены опубликованные материалы, проведен анализ практической эффективности от сплочения ленинградских трудовыx объединений. Известно, что научно-технические и инженерно-технические кадры — это тот пласт, который выступал локомотивом в научно-технической революции в СССР. Заметим, что главной предпосылкой в создании и укреплении промышленно-производственной мощи Ленинграда являлись люди, которые поддерживали курс развития государства, опираясь на такие особо важные и престижные технические профессии, как инженер. Благодаря сплочению теоретических и практических знаний, науки и производства, упорству граждан, можно было достигнуть высоких производственных и целевых показателей, требуемых руководством страны. В работе показан положительный результат от этого объединения не только для Ленинграда, но и для страны в целом. Выводы, сделанные в статье, являются дискуссионными и могут представлять интерес для широкого круга ученых.
RELATO SOBRE UMA INTERVENÇÃO DIDÁTICA USANDO A ASTRONOMIA NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Creators: name: Lopes, Elton David
name: Nascimento, Gustavo Lira Do
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Interdisciplinaridade.
Stellarium.
Experimentos.

description: O trabalho proposto mostra o relato de experiências vivenciado em turmas do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental, durante uma das atividades da disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado, do curso de licenciatura em Física da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Essa atividade ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2019.
title: Авторитет, амбициозность, доброта: образ царя Стефана Душана сильного в сербских нарративных памятниках XX—XXI вв.
Creators: name: Черных, Татьяна
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Стефан Урош IV Душан Сильный, находившийся на престоле в первой половине XIV века, является одним из самых ярких героев сербского Средневековья. К его заслугам можно отнести целый ряд достижений: существенное расширение границ государства, ставшего самым крупным за всю историю сербского народа; учреждение патриархии; унификацию сербского законодательства и принятие Законника Стефана Душана; получение сербским государством статуса царства. Целью данного исследования является выявление и анализ примеров использования образа Стефана Душана в дискурсе национального самосознания сербского народа, отраженном в школьных учебниках и исторических романах XX—XXI века. В статье делается вывод о зависимости характера отображения сербского царя в школьных учебниках от заявленных в конкретную эпоху целей исторического образования и степени внимания к средневековой истории. Тексты учебных пособий, как правило, нейтральны и безоценочны, все ключевые факты биографии перечисляются. В исторических романах герой показан сильным, волевым, амбициозным правителем, ценящим свою страну и близким своему народу. При  описании спорных сюжетов, связанных с приходом Душана к власти, авторы придерживаются позиции о невиновности царя.
Ethics of Cognitive Restructuring: A Rehabilitation of Rape Victims and Offenders
Creators: name: Monday, Osebor Ikechukwu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Rape victims
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Bioethics
Cognitive therapy
Retribution
Rehabilitation

description: The effects of rape include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD reawakens traumatic memory linked to sexual violence, creating depression and anxiety. Retributive justice (punishing the offender) has been the commonly used solution to combat sexual misconduct, aiming to deter rape, punish the offender, and help the victim. While some argue retributive justice is an ethical response to rape, the offenders’ punishment does not solve the long-term problem. Rehabilitation that addresses cognitive behavior and restructures thinking would offer incarcerated offenders a chance to become nonviolent and victims a chance to control their PTSD.
Non-local correlation effects and metal-insulator transition in the s-d exchange model
Creators: name: Sweep, J.
name: Rubtsov, A. N.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The metal-insulator transition within the s-d exchange model is studied by the Dynamical Mean Field Theory and Dual Fermion approaches. The latter takes into account nonlocal correlation effects which are shown to be essential. In particular, the critical values of the s-d exchange coupling constant for these two methods turn out to be different by a factor of more than two (for the case of square lattice and spin 1/2 localized electrons). The calculations were performed using a Continuous-Time Quantum Monte Carlo method. The difference of the quantum spin-1/2 case and the classical-spin case is discussed. For the quantum case the sign of s-d exchange coupling constant is relevant which demonstrates an importance of the Kondo effect.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
title: Традиции официальной периодики: «Новгородские губернские ведомости» и «Звезда» (1838—1927)
Creators: name: Воробьева, Марина
name: Козлов, Сергей
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Статья посвящена сопоставительному анализу двух официальных изданий Новгородской губернии в периоды до и после Октябрьской революции. Авторы прослеживают традиции периодической печати по избранным аспектам: типографское оформление газеты, динамику смены визуального стиля, выбор и трансформацию рубрикации как отражение тематического своеобразия. Несмотря на то, что официальные издания были фактически выключены из рынка, даже при частой смене редакторов осмыслялась необходимость конкурентоспособности в борьбу за читательскую аудиторию. Официальная, идеологически выверенная информация должна была быть представлена в удобных, привычных, традиционных формах для стремительно расширяющейся публики.
Modernizing and expanding universal eye care coverage after VISION 2020: A call for a new approach to global, equitable access
Creators: name: Yu, Megan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bioethics
Eye--Care and hygiene
Health services accessibility
Ophthalmology
Rural health services
Scarcity

description: Preventable ocular impairment impacts quality of life immensely. Contributing factors include a lack of resources and professionals, stigma surrounding eyeglasses, the availability of local treatments that generate poor results, and affordability. This paper argues that Vision 2020 did not meet the eye care needs of the global population. More should be done to ensure eye examinations and glasses are made available.
Using HIV/AIDS Education as a Model for Female Genital Cutting Education: Respecting culture while educating communities
Creators: name: Moore, Farley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Human rights
Female circumcision
Bioethics
AIDS (Disease)--Prevention--Study and teaching
Women--Education
Education--Social aspects

description: Female genital cutting (FGC), referred to by many global health organizations as female genital mutilation (FGM), has been practiced for centuries, mostly in Africa, Malaysia, and Indonesia.[1] FGC is a term that encompasses multiple acts, including removal of the clitoris, removal of the labia minora, narrowing of the vaginal opening, and pricking, piercing, or cauterization. Justifications for FGC include maintaining sexual propriety, safety for women and children, and solidifying cultural identity.[2] While the prevalence of FGC is still quite high, there have been human rights movements and ideological shifts away from the practice. Many countries have recently passed laws that prohibit FGC, even if it takes place in other jurisdictions. In 31 countries for which prevalence data is available, 30 years ago, one in two women between the ages of 15 and 19 had undergone some form of FGC; today that number is about one in three, or 34 percent.[3] However, a review of the current laws related to FGC show that legislating against FGC pushes it into secrecy. As FGC is so closely tied to cultural identity, education about FGC, and the context of cultural female oppression may be more useful than laws in limiting the practice of nonconsensual FGC.
eisenzeitliche Siedlung von Waldbrunn-Lahr (Lkr. Limburg-Weilburg) – Relikte einer offenen Großsiedlung im Westerwald?
Creators: name: Kántor, Ferenc
Publisher: name: Fundberichte Hessen Digital
Year: 2022

description: Das rechtsrheinische Mittelgebirge als periphere Siedlungslandschaft der Latènekultur? Diese Frage wurde in der Vergangenheit vielerorts diskutiert und die bekannten Ringwallanlagen wie der Dünsberg oder die Dornburg standen lange Zeit im Fokus eisenzeitlicher Forschungsfragen. Bereits Heinz Behaghel zeichnete in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jh. ein deutlich differenzierteres Bild der eisenzeitliche Siedlungslandschaften im rechtsrheinischen Schiefergebirge. Mit den Siedlungen von Waldbrunn-Lahr und Limburg-Eschhofen liegen nun weitere Bausteine zur Erforschung einer stark durch montanwirtschaftliche Nutzung geprägten Region zwischen dem Gießener Becken, dem Hintertaunus, dem Westerwald und dem Siegerland vor. Die Fundstelle von Waldbrunn-Lahr ist ein bisher singuläres Siedlungsareal, welches zum Verständnis der sozioökonomischen und kulturgeschichtlichen Entwicklungen der späten Eisenzeit in der Region beiträgt.
description: Fundberichte Hessen Digital, Bd. 2: Fundberichte Hessen Digital 2021/2022
title: Сторителлинг в медиа: региональные интернет-издания
Creators: name: Каминская, Татьяна
name: Рыжкова, Ольга
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Рассматривается сторителлинг как актуальный прием подачи информации в современных медиа, описаны коммуникативные преимущества сторителлинга, позволяющие вызвать интерес и более личное восприятие информации у аудитории. Систематизированы основные характеристики сторителлинга как жанра и проанализировано его использование в региональных СМИ.
Dark Matter Detection in Focus Point Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Draper, Patrick
name: Feng, Jonathan
name: Kant, Philipp
name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Sanford, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the prospects for direct and indirect detection of thermal relic neutralinos in supersymmetric theories with multi-TeV squarks and sleptons. We consider the concrete example of the focus point region of minimal supergravity, but our results are generically valid for all models with decoupled scalars and mixed Bino-Higgsino or Higgsino-like dark matter. We determine the parameter space consistent with a 125 GeV Higgs boson including 3-loop corrections in the calculation of the Higgs mass. These corrections increase m_h by 1-3 GeV, lowering the preferred scalar mass scale and decreasing the fine-tuning measure in these scenarios. We then systematically examine prospects for dark matter direct and indirect detection. Direct detection constraints do not exclude these models, especially for μ< 0. At the same time, the scenario generically predicts spin-independent signals just beyond current bounds. We also consider indirect detection with neutrinos, gamma rays, anti-protons, and anti-deuterons. Current IceCube neutrino constraints are competitive with direct detection, implying bright prospects for complementary searches with both direct and indirect detection.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures; v2: added references, published version
Flint Revisited: The media’s overwhelming indifference to the existence and impact of environmental racism
Creators: name: Cohen, Tracey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lead poisoning
Racism
Environmental policy--Social aspects
Water-supply

description: Lead is a neurotoxin so potent that major environmental agencies, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have found that there is absolutely no safe level of exposure, especially for children who are the most vulnerable to its effects.[1] Despite there being no safe level of lead exposure for children, the EPA has established a 15 parts-per-billion (ppb) limit on lead in drinking water.[2] In Flint, Michigan, an impoverished and predominantly Black city,[3] the tap water that tens of thousands of children consumed and bathed in from April 2014 to October 2015 exceeded 15 ppb, with at least one sample registering greater than 1,000 ppb.[4] While many are familiar with the Flint crisis due to its extensive media coverage, the impact that race played in the disaster was largely neglected by the mainstream media. Classic environmental racism was mostly ignored. The mainstream media overwhelmingly failed in their ethical obligation to report the environmental justice aspect of the calamity. With the renewed awareness concerning racial justice taking place around the world, it is an instrumental time to bring the issue of environmental racism into focus. The media plays a key role in this task. Indeed, the media is ethically obligated to bring the issue of racism in all of its forms to the forefront before a wide, public audience. Environmental racism, which may easily be overlooked amidst more overt forms of prejudice, is no exception. It is imperative that we revisit how the issue of race was handled by the media during one of the more recent, and highly publicized environmental catastrophes.
Evaluating Gait Symmetry with a Smart Robotic Walker: A Novel Approach to Mobility Assessment
Creators: name: Chalaki, Mahdi
name: Soleymani, Abed
name: Li, Xingyu
name: Mushahwar, Vivian
name: Tavakoli, Mahdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gait asymmetry, a consequence of various neurological or physical conditions such as aging and stroke, detrimentally impacts bipedal locomotion, causing biomechanical alterations, increasing the risk of falls and reducing quality of life. Addressing this critical issue, this paper introduces a novel diagnostic method for gait symmetry analysis through the use of an assistive robotic Smart Walker equipped with an innovative asymmetry detection scheme. This method analyzes sensor measurements capturing the interaction torque between user and walker. By applying a seasonal-trend decomposition tool, we isolate gait-specific patterns within these data, allowing for the estimation of stride durations and calculation of a symmetry index. Through experiments involving 5 experimenters, we demonstrate the Smart Walker's capability in detecting and quantifying gait asymmetry by achieving an accuracy of 84.9% in identifying asymmetric cases in a controlled testing environment. Further analysis explores the classification of these asymmetries based on their underlying causes, providing valuable insights for gait assessment. The results underscore the potential of the device as a precise, ready-to-use monitoring tool for personalized rehabilitation, facilitating targeted interventions for enhanced patient outcomes.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2024
The Dual Enrollment Playbook: A Guide to Equitable Acceleration for Students
Creators: name: Mehl, Gelsey
name: Wyner, Joshua
name: Barnett, Elisabeth A.
name: Fink, John
name: Jenkins, Davis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Dual enrollment
Educational equalization
Discrimination in education
Equality
Education, Secondary

description: More than a million high school students across the nation participate in dual enrollment each year. Dual enrollment students are more likely to graduate from high school, enroll in college, and complete college degrees. But students from historically underrepresented racial/ethnic groups and low-income backgrounds do not have equitable access to or success in dual enrollment. This playbook examines nine dual enrollment programs in Florida, Ohio, and Washington that have narrowed or closed equity gaps in dual enrollment for Black, Latinx, Indigenous, and Pacific Islander students. These programs—developed by partnerships between high schools and community colleges—show that it is possible to close equity gaps when intentional strategy is paired with innovation and commitment. The playbook identifies five principles and the supporting strategies and practices through which community colleges and K-12 leaders can advance equity in high-quality dual enrollment: Set a shared vision and goals that prioritize equity. Expand equitable access. Provide advising and supports that ensure equitable student outcomes. Provide high-quality instruction that builds students’ competence and confidence. Organize teams and develop relationships to maximize potential.
Correlation Effects in a Simplified Bilayer Two-Orbital Hubbard Model at Half Filling
Creators: name: Yang, Jian-Jian
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
name: Wu, Han-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in bilayer nickelate La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ under pressure, we investigate the ground-state phase diagram and correlation effects using determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations in a simplified bilayer two-orbital Hubbard model at half filling. Our results reveal the emergence of a nonmagnetic weakly insulating phase at weak on-site Hubbard interactions, transitioning to an antiferromagnetic Mott insulating phase as the interaction strength exceeds a critical value $U/t_1^x\approx 4.15$. This phase transition is consistent with the 3D O(3) Heisenberg universality class. Additionally, we analyze dynamical properties such as the single-particle spectral function and dynamic spin structure factor. The pronounced inter-layer correlation of $d_{3z^2-r^2}$ orbitals results in a downward trend and an extended flatness in the $γ$ band, mirroring the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy findings under ambient pressure. Our numerical results provide important clues for understanding the strong correlation effects in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Initial conditions and sampling for multifield inflation
Creators: name: Easther, Richard
name: Price, Layne C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the initial conditions problem for multifield inflation. In these scenarios the pre-inflationary dynamics can be chaotic, increasing the sensitivity of the onset of inflation to the initial data even in the homogeneous limit. To analyze physically equivalent scenarios we compare initial conditions at fixed energy. This ensures that each trajectory is counted once and only once, since the energy density decreases monotonically. We present a full analysis of hybrid inflation that reveals a greater degree of long range order in the set of "successful" initial conditions than was previously apparent. We explore the effective smoothing scale for the fractal set of successful initial conditions induced by the finite duration of the pre-inflationary phase. The role of the prior information used to specify the initial data is discussed in terms of Bayesian sampling.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables; matches published version
Gödel-type universes and chronology protection in Horava-Lifshitz gravity
Creators: name: Fonseca-Neto, J. B.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
name: Reboucas, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the attempts toward a quantum gravity theory, general relativity faces a serious difficulty since it is non-renormalizable theory. Hořava-Lifshitz gravity offers a framework to circumvent this difficulty, by sacrificing the local Lorentz invariance at ultra-high energy scales in exchange of power-counting renormalizability. The Lorentz symmetry is expected to be recovered at low and medium energy scales. If gravitation is to be described by a Hořava-Lifshitz gravity theory there are a number of issues that ought to be reexamined in its context, including the question as to whether this gravity incorporates a chronology protection, or particularly if it allows Gödel-type solutions with violation of causality. We show that Hořava-Lifshitz gravity only allows hyperbolic Gödel-type space-times whose essential parameters $m$ and $ω$ are in the chronology respecting intervals, excluding therefore any noncausal Gödel-type space-times in the hyperbolic class. There emerges from our results that the famous noncausal Gödel model is not allowed in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity. The question as to whether this quantum gravity theory permits hyperbolic Gödel-type solutions in the chronology preserving interval of the essential parameters is also examined. We show that Hořava-Lifshitz gravity not only excludes the noncausal Gödel universe, but also rules out any hyperbolic Gödel-type solutions for physically well-motivated perfect-fluid matter content.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. V2: Generality and implications of the results are emphasized, connection with the recent literature improved, typos corrected, references added; V3: Version to appear in Phys. Lett. B (July,2013). Minor changes, references added, presentation of some points improved
High School Dual Enrollment in Florida: Effects on College Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity and Course Modality
Creators: name: Liu, Vivian Yuen Ting
name: Minaya, Veronica
name: Zhang, Qing
name: Xu, Di
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Dual enrollment
Educational equalization
Educational equalization--Evaluation
Universities and colleges
Education, Secondary

description: This report presents findings on the relationship between taking community college dual enrollment courses—in which high school students earn high school and college credits simultaneously—and college outcomes among Florida public high school students. It analyses dual enrollment course-taking by racial/ethnic group (Black, Hispanic, White) and course modality (face-to-face on-college-campus, face-to-face off-campus, and online). The report includes (1) a descriptive analysis of the demographic characteristics and outcomes of dual enrollment participants and (2) multivariate regression analyses of the associations between dual enrollment participation and college outcomes, controlling for a rich set of student and school characteristics. The analyses use transcript-level unit record data on two cohorts of Florida students who started public high school in 2007 and 2012 and were tracked through high school and into Florida state colleges (community colleges) and universities. The authors find that Florida high school students who took dual enrollment courses were more likely to be White, female, and from more affluent backgrounds than those who did not take dual enrollment courses. They also find that taking dual enrollment courses is associated with better college outcomes for all racial/ethnic groups considered, and that the effects of dual enrollment are mediated by course modality, such that taking courses online is associated with slightly smaller benefits than taking courses face-to-face.
Very free rational curves in Fano varieties
Creators: name: Coskun, Izzet
name: Smith, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Let X be a projective variety and let C be a rational normal curve on X. We compute the normal bundle of C in a general complete intersection of hypersurfaces of sufficiently large degree in X. As a result, we establish the separable rational connectedness of a large class of varieties, including general Fano complete intersections of hypersurfaces of degree at least three in flag varieties, in arbitrary characteristic. In addition, we give a new way of computing the normal bundle of certain rational curves in products of varieties in terms of their restricted tangent bundles and normal bundles on each factor.
Statistical Mechanical Formulation and Simulation of Prime Factorization of Integers
Creators: name: Nakajima, Chihiro H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new formulation of the problem of prime factorization of integers. With replica exchange Monte Carlo simulation, the behavior which is seemed to indicate exponential computational hardness is observed. But this formulation is expected to give a new insight into the computational complexity of this problem from a statistical mechanical point of view.
description: 5 pages, 5figures, Proceedings of 4th YSM-SPIP (Sendai, 14-16 December 2012)
Lessons Learned From Advising Redesigns at Three Colleges
Creators: name: Kalamkarian, Hoori Santikian
name: Pellegrino, Lauren
name: Lopez-Salazar, Andrea
name: Barnett, Elisabeth A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Counseling in higher education
College students--Services for
Universities and colleges
Educational change--Evaluation
Counseling in higher education--Administration

description: This report presents findings on the implementation of a technology-mediated advising redesign within the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) at three institutions—the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, California State University at Fresno, and Montgomery County Community College. These colleges aimed to improve their advising systems using a three-pronged approach: expanding informational communications to students, identifying and supporting students who are struggling, and improving advising sessions. Though the RCT did not find significant changes in quantitative student outcomes such as grade point average, qualitative fieldwork suggests that stakeholders across the three institutions gained valuable experiences that may provide lessons for other colleges considering advising reforms. In this report, the authors explore how advisors adjusted their approach to advising work, how they used relevant tools and resources, and some of the challenges that arose during the redesign’s implementation. Based on these implementation findings, the authors offer several suggestions for other colleges entering this work: Acknowledge up front that technology alone cannot resolve advising and student support issues, nor can it replace face-to-face conversations about education and career planning. Consider ways to encourage or make it easier for students to self-report concerns. Call for input from advisors, faculty, students, and communications or marketing teams on the content of risk-related messages and alerts. Consider alternatives to registration holds to incentivize students to meet with an advisor, as registration holds may have unintended consequences. Give advisors the time, resources, and professional development to proactively engage with students. Provide ongoing support for staff in implementing reformed advising practices.
Die Nordgrenze der Kelten im rechtsrheinischen Gebiet zur Spätlatènezeit
Creators: name: Schrickel, Waldtraut
Publisher: name: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz
Year: 2017
Subjects: Eisenzeit; Spätlatènezeit; Deutschland; Kelten; Römer; Germanen

description: [nicht vorhanden / not available]
description: Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz, Bd. 11 (1964)
An experimental investigation of viscous effects on static and impact pressure probes in hypersonic flow
Creators: name: Matthews, Malcolm L.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1958
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: An experimental investigation of viscous effects on static and impact pressure probes was conducted in the GALCIT Leg 1 hypersonic wind tunnel.

This investigation of the impact probes showed viscous effects to be important for free stream Reynolds numbers less than 6000 based on the probe diameter, in the Mach number range 5.4 to 5.7. For 80 < Re < 6000, the results showed the measured impact pressure to be less than the inviscid value. The maximum deviation from the inviscid impact pressure was 2.3 per cent at a Reynolds number of 200. For Re < 80 the measured impact pressure was greater than the inviscid value.

The investigation of the static pressure probes for a Mach number 5.8 and a free stream Reynolds number of 16,000 based on the probe diameter showed a very thick and rapidly growing boundary layer over the probe surface. This boundary layer was sufficient to cause the static pressure measured by a 10 degree cone-nosed probe with its orifice 45 diameters aft of the probe tip to be 7.5 per cent greater than the free stream static pressure. The boundary layer thickness on the 10 degree cone-nosed probe was several times that of the probe radius. The boundary layer was surveyed on a hemisperical-nosed and a flat-nosed probe and showed the boundary layer thickness to be several times that of the 10 degree cone-nosed probe.
Bildungsziele im Wandel der Zeiten - und worauf soll es jetzt hinaus? Eine nüchterne Standortbestimmung, auch für Latein und Griechisch
Creators: name: Fuhrmann, Manfred
Publisher: name: Pegasus-Onlinezeitschrift
Year: 2017

description: Manfred Fuhrmann bietet einen wertvollen Beitrag zur aktuellen Bildungsdebatte, in der nicht mehr nur „auf Fortschritt durch Traditionsverzicht“ gedrängt wird, sondern sich auch wieder Stimmen erheben, die eine Hinwendung zu geistigen Orientierungspunkten fordern. Zur Gewinnung solcher Orientierung wendet sich Fuhrmann der europäischen Bildungstradition zu, indem er die Charakteristika dreier Epochen entfaltet, die „den Lehrplan Europas tief und nachhaltig geprägt haben“, der Karolingischen Renaissance, der Reformation und der Weimarer Klassik. Fuhrmann beschränkt sich jedoch nicht allein auf eine bildungshistorische Analyse, sondern zieht seine Befunde zur konzisen Verdeutlichung der gegenwärtigen Situation im Bildungswesen heran, die für ihn durch die Vernachlässigung „der integrierenden Kraft überindividueller Sinnzusammenhänge“ gekennzeichnet ist. Fuhrmann belässt es jedoch nicht bei einer bloß resignativen Kulturkritik, sondern entwirft eigene Vorschläge, die nicht auf eine Restauration des traditionellen christlichen oder humanistischen Kanons hinauslaufen, sondern Orientierung durch eine Besinnung auf die gemeinsame europäische Kulturtradition zu gewinnen suchen.
description: Pegasus-Onlinezeitschrift, Bd. 3, Nr. 2 (2003): Pegasus-Onlinezeitschrift