cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in silico β-lactamase inhibitory properties and phytochemical profile of Ocimum basilicum cultivated in central delta of Egypt
Creators: name: Shoeib, Nagwa A.
name: Al-Madboly, Lamiaa A.
name: Ragab, Amany E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Some studies reported the chemical content and antimicrobial properties of Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae), relevant to the ecological variations in some areas of Egypt and other countries, yet no research was conducted on the plant cultivated in the central delta region of Egypt. Also, no previous data reported on inhibition of β-lactamases by O. basilicum. To assess β-lactamases inhibition by O. basilicum extracts and the individual constituents. Dried aerial parts of O. basilicum were extracted by hydrodistillation for preparation of essential oil and by methanol for non-volatile constituents. Essential oil content and the methanol extract were analysed by GC–MS and UPLC-PDA-MS/MS, respectively. Methyl cinnamate was isolated and analysed by NMR. Broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antimicrobial against resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli identified by double disc synergy, combination disc tests and PCR. The most active oil content was further tested with a nitrocefin kit for β-lactamase inhibition and investigated by docking. O. basilicum was found to contain methyl cinnamate as the major content of the essential oil. More interestingly, methyl cinnamate inhibited ESBL β-lactamases of the type CTX-M. The in vitro IC50 using nitrocefin kit was 11.6 µg/mL vs. 8.1 µg/mL for clavulanic acid as a standard β-lactamase inhibitor. This is the first study to report the inhibitory activity of O. basilicum oil and methyl cinnamate against β-lactamase-producing bacteria. The results indicate that methyl cinnamate could be a potential alternative for β-lactamase inhibition.
Magnetic domain wall dynamics in the precessional regime: influence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Gracia, J. Pena
name: Fassatoui, A.
name: Vogel, J.
name: Thiaville, A.
name: Pizzini, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The domain wall dynamics driven by an out of plane magnetic field was measured for a series of magnetic trilayers with different strengths of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). The features of the field-driven domain wall velocity curves strongly depend on the amplitude of the HD field stabilising chiral Néel walls. The measured Walker velocity, which in systems with large DMI is maintained after the Walker field giving rise to a velocity plateau up to the Slonczewski field HS, can be easily related to the DMI strength. Yet, when the DMI field HD and the domain wall demagnetising field HDW have comparable values, a careful analysis needs to be done in order to evaluate the impact of the DMI on the domain wall velocity. By means of a one-dimensional model and 2D simulations, we successfully extend this method to explain experimental results to cases where HD and HDW are comparable.
description: 9 pages, 3 Figures
IS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH STILL A PUBLIC GOOD?
Creators: name: Oehmke, James F.
name: Weatherspoon, Dave D.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Naseem, Anwar
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Hightower, Amie L.
name: Oehmke, James F.
name: Weatherspoon, Dave D.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Naseem, Anwar
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Hightower, Amie L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The nature of public agricultural research changed in 1980 when the Bayh-Dole Act allowed universities to retain title to inventions that were created with Federal funds, and the court case Diamond v. Chakrabarty allowed patenting of living tissue and eventually other bio-engineered products. In 1997, over 2,300 new licenses and options were executed on academic life-sciences property. This raises the questions agricultural research still be a public good? This paper is a critical first step in understanding how increasingly private ownership of intellectual property affects the agribusiness environment and the evolving role of public agricultural research institutions. The innovative step in this paper is the development of a formal economic model which represents the role of applied biotech research in the agricultural life sciences. The model is built around neo-Schumpeterian ideas of endogenous innovation and growth. The most salient implications for the role of the public sector are(1)The private sector underinvests in applied R&D activity. (2) Concentration in the large-firm, life-science R&D industry increases over time. (3) The life-science revolution is reducing the number of markets, in the short run. This reduction in the number of niche markets diminishes the role of the public sector. (4) There is a role for the public sector in conducting R&D in niche markets. (5) In the long run, the life-science revolution may also create new niche markets. (6) There is a role for the public sector in the provision of basic research which increases the productivity of applied R&D.
Additional file 3 of Population segmentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its clinical applications - a scoping review
Creators: name: Seng, Jun Jie Benjamin
name: Monteiro, Amelia Yuting
name: Kwan, Yu Heng
name: Zainudin, Sueziani Binte
name: Tan, Chuen Seng
name: Thumboo, Julian
name: Low, Lian Leng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3 Funding sources for included studies (n = 148)
Prevention of ulcerative colitis by Huangqin decoction: reducing the intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis rate through the IFN-γ/JAK/ETS signalling pathway
Creators: name: Mo, Xiaowei
name: Tang, Kairui
name: Deng, Lijing
name: Zhou, Xingyi
name: Li, Xiaojuan
name: Zhang, Yupei
name: Wang, Jing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that is closely related to inflammation and apoptosis. The traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation Huangqin decoction (HQD) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of UC, but the specific mechanism of its function is still inconclusive. To explore the pathogenesis of UC based on the IFN-γ/JAK/ETS signalling pathway, and to clarify the biological mechanism of HQD. Forty 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, model, model + salazosulfapyridine group (500 mg/kg, p.o., pd) and model + HQD (9.1 g/kg, p.o., pd). Using Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) salt (2.5%, p.o.)+high-fat diet + hot and humid environment to build a mouse model of UC. One month later, the changes of colon morphology, serum inflammatory factors, intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and IFN-γ/JAK/ETS signalling pathway related protein changes in mice were observed. Compared with the model group, HQD significantly reduced the pathological score of the model mice’s colon (2.60 ± 0.25 vs. 4.80 ± 0.37), and reduced the serum IFN-γ (200.30 ± 8.45 vs. 413.80 ± 6.97) and other inflammatory factors, and reduced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis (24.85 ± 4.87 vs. 214.90 ± 39.21). In terms of mechanism, HQD down-regulated IFN-γ/JAK/ETS signalling pathway related proteins in colon tissue of UC model mice. These data indicate that HQD can improve UC by reducing intestinal inflammation and apoptosis, providing experimental evidence for the wide application of HQD in clinical practice of UC.
Millimag Precision Photometry of Southern Bright Stars with a 1-m Telescope and a Standard CCD
Creators: name: Lopez-Morales, Mercedes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper summarizes a three night observing campaign aimed at achieving milli-magnitude precision photometry of bright stars (V < 9.0) with the 1-meter Swope telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. The test targets were the main sequence stars HD205739 and HD135446. The results show that, by placing a concentric diaphragm in front of the aperture of the telescope, it is possible to avoid saturation and to achieve a photometric precision of 0.0008-0.0010 mag per data point with a cadence of less than 4 minutes. It is also possible to reach an overall precision of less that 0.0015 mags for time series of 6 hours or more. The photometric precision of this setup is only limited by scintillation. Scintillation could be reduced, and therefore the photometric precision could be further improved, by using a neutral density filter instead of the aperture stop. Given that the expected median depth of extrasolar planet transits of about 0.01 mags, and their typical duration of several hours, the results of this paper show that 1-m telescopes equipped with standard CCDs can be used to detect planet transits as shallow as 0.002 mags around bright stars.
description: 15 pages. Presented at the 207th AAS meeting, 8-12 January 2006 - Washington, DC
THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PROGRAM: LOCALLY MANAGING NATURAL RESOURCES
Creators: name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Schulz, Mary A.
name: Schweikhardt, David B.
name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Schulz, Mary A.
name: Schweikhardt, David B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: No abstract available.
Seed extract of Thai Mucuna pruriens reduced male reproductive damage in rats induced by chronic stress
Creators: name: Lapyuneyong, Natthapol
name: Tangsrisakda, Nareelak
name: Choowong-In, Pannawat
name: Chaisiwamongkol, Kowit
name: Uabundit, Nongnut
name: Sawatpanich, Tarinee
name: Arun, Supatcharee
name: Wu, Alexander Tsang-Hsien
name: Iamsaard, Sitthichai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Thai Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. pruriens (Fabaceae) (TMP) is known to enrich reproduction but preventive effects on stress related adverse reproductive parameters are not documented. This study investigates the protective property of TMP seed extract on reproductive damage under chronic stress (CS). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control and CS groups received distilled water, whereas the pre-treated rats received the aqueous TMP seed extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg BW for 20 days before co-treatments with CS induction (immobilization and forced swimming) for 81 days. Serum was used to determine the cortisol and testosterone levels. Histology of testis and epididymis was observed with localization of androgen receptor (AR). Sperm parameters and the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily a member 1 (CYP11A1), AR, HSP70, caspases (3 and 9) and tyrosine phosphorylation (TyrPho) proteins were investigated. TMP extract improved cortisol level (0.84 ± 0.02 µg/dL) and protected against the damage of reproductive tissues and sperm parameters (count [49.78 ± 3.74 million sperm/mL], viability [90.01 ± 1.17%] and precocious acrosome reaction [1.38 ± 0.48%]). Expression of testicular StAR, CYP11A1, AR and HSP70 proteins was improved. Caspase expression was decreased in treated rats. TMP increased AR expression in CS sperm. Moreover, TyrPho protein expression was corrected after TMP administration. TMP seed protected against adverse reproductive parameters in CS via improvements of functionally testicular markers and reductions of apoptotic proteins. It is possible to develop the TMP beans as an alternative medicine in treating of male subfertility caused by CS.
Constructing Taxonomies from Pretrained Language Models
Creators: name: Chen, Catherine
name: Lin, Kevin
name: Klein, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method for constructing taxonomic trees (e.g., WordNet) using pretrained language models. Our approach is composed of two modules, one that predicts parenthood relations and another that reconciles those predictions into trees. The parenthood prediction module produces likelihood scores for each potential parent-child pair, creating a graph of parent-child relation scores. The tree reconciliation module treats the task as a graph optimization problem and outputs the maximum spanning tree of this graph. We train our model on subtrees sampled from WordNet, and test on non-overlapping WordNet subtrees. We show that incorporating web-retrieved glosses can further improve performance. On the task of constructing subtrees of English WordNet, the model achieves 66.7 ancestor F1, a 20.0% relative increase over the previous best published result on this task. In addition, we convert the original English dataset into nine other languages using Open Multilingual WordNet and extend our results across these languages.
description: NAACL 2021
2003 BUSINESS DAIRY GRAZING FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 9 dairy grazing farms across Michigan. Intensive grazing implies providing as much of the needed roughages from pasture. These 9 farms indicated that they grazed dairy cows at least three months of the year and that grazing provided more than 30 percent of the forage consumed during the year. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State Universityï¿½s TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follow.
Additional file 5 of Population segmentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its clinical applications - a scoping review
Creators: name: Seng, Jun Jie Benjamin
name: Monteiro, Amelia Yuting
name: Kwan, Yu Heng
name: Zainudin, Sueziani Binte
name: Tan, Chuen Seng
name: Thumboo, Julian
name: Low, Lian Leng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Definitions of criterion used for evaluation of population segmentation outcomes [16, 181]
Definition of Food Safety Criteria for Bacteria Food-Borne 
Pathogens in Ready to Eat products
Creators: name: Bovo, Federica <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: VET/04 Ispezione degli alimenti di origine animale

description: The aims of this research study is to explore the opportunity to set up Performance Objectives (POs) parameters for specific risks in RTE products to propose for food industries and food authorities. In fact, even if microbiological criteria for Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Ready-to-Eat (RTE) products are included in the European Regulation, these parameters are not risk based and no microbiological criteria for Bacillus cereus in RTE products is present. 
For these reasons the behaviour of Salmonella enterica in RTE mixed salad, the microbiological characteristics in RTE spelt salad, and the definition of POs for Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes in RTE spelt salad has been assessed. 
Based on the data produced can be drawn the following conclusions:
1.	A rapid growth of Salmonella enterica may occurr in mixed ingredient salads, and strict temperature control during the production chain of the product is critical. 
2.	Spelt salad is characterized by the presence of high number of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Listeria spp. and Enterobacteriaceae, on the contrary, did not grow during the shlef life, probably due to the relevant metabolic activity of LAB.
3.	The use of spelt and cheese compliant with the suggested POs might significantly reduce the incidence of foodborne intoxications due to Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes and the proportions of recalls, causing huge economic losses for food companies commercializing RTE products.
4.	The approach to calculate the POs values and reported in my work can be easily adapted to different food/risk combination as well as to any changes in the formulation of the same food products.
5.	The optimized sampling plans in term of number of samples to collect can be derive in order to verify the compliance to POs values selected.
Cytotoxic effects of extracts obtained from plants of the Oleaceae family: bio-guided isolation and molecular docking of new secoiridoids from Jasminum humile
Creators: name: Mansour, Khaled Ahmed
name: Elbermawi, Ahmed
name: Al-Karmalawy, Ahmed A.
name: Lahloub, Mohamed-Farid
name: El-Neketi, Mona
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Traditionally, Oleaceae plants are used to treat many diseases, such as rheumatism, hypercholesterolaemia, or ulcers. To investigate the cytotoxic potential of Jasminum humile L., Jasminum grandiflorum L., and Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) extracts against selected human cancer cells lines, followed by a phytochemical investigation of the most potent one. The 95% ethanol extracts of aerial parts of three oleaceous plants were examined for their cytotoxicity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and THP-1 cell lines using MTT assay and doxorubicin (positive control). J. humile was bio-selected and submitted to bio-guided fractionation. Chromatographic workup of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions afforded two new compounds; 1-methoxyjasmigenin (1) and 1-methyl-9-aldojasmigenin (2), along with five known ones (3–7). Structures were unambiguously elucidated using 1D/2D NMR and ESI-HRMS. Isolated compounds were assessed for their anti-proliferative potential, and both selectivity index and statistical significance were determined. Molecular docking was conducted against the Mcl-1 receptor using (AZD5991) as a standard. Jasmoside (5) was the most potent anticancer compound showing IC50 values of 66.47, 41.32, and 27.59 µg/mL against HepG-2, MCF-7, and THP-1 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, isojasminin (4) exhibited IC50 values of 33.49, 43.12, and 51.07 µg/mL against the same cell lines, respectively. Interestingly, 5 exhibited the highest selectivity index towards MCF-7 and THP-1, even greater than doxorubicin. Molecular docking results were in full agreement with the MTT assay and the proposed SAR. In this study, two new compounds were purified. The biological activity highlighted jasmoside (5) as a lead anticancer drug for further future investigation.
Making transport more robust and interpretable by moving data through a small number of anchor points
Creators: name: Lin, Chi-Heng
name: Azabou, Mehdi
name: Dyer, Eva L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimal transport (OT) is a widely used technique for distribution alignment, with applications throughout the machine learning, graphics, and vision communities. Without any additional structural assumptions on trans-port, however, OT can be fragile to outliers or noise, especially in high dimensions. Here, we introduce a new form of structured OT that simultaneously learns low-dimensional structure in data while leveraging this structure to solve the alignment task. Compared with OT, the resulting transport plan has better structural interpretability, highlighting the connections between individual data points and local geometry, and is more robust to noise and sampling. We apply the method to synthetic as well as real datasets, where we show that our method can facilitate alignment in noisy settings and can be used to both correct and interpret domain shift.
Bifurcation and Chaos in Coupled Ratchets exhibiting Synchronized Dynamics
Creators: name: Vincent, U. E.
name: Kenfack, A.
name: Njah, A. N.
name: Akinlade, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bifurcation and chaotic behaviour of unidirectionally coupled deterministic ratchets is studied as a function of the driving force amplitude ($a$) and frequency ($ω$). A classification of the various types of bifurcations likely to be encountered in this system was done by examining the stability of the steady state in linear response as well as constructing a two-parameter phase diagram in the ($a -ω$) plane. Numerical explorations revealed varieties of bifurcation sequences including quasiperiodic route to chaos. Besides, the familiar period-doubling and crises route to chaos exhibited by the one-dimensional ratchet were also found. In addition, the coupled ratchets display symmetry-breaking, saddle-nodes and bubbles of bifurcations. Chaotic behaviour is characterized by using the sensitivity to initial condition as well as the Lyapunov exponent spectrum; while a perusal of the phase space projected in the Poincar$\acute{e}$ cross-section confirms some of the striking features.
description: 7 pages; 8 figures
Lienhard, Marc/Meyer (Hrsg.), Die Zukunft des Ökumenismus
Creators: name: Urban, Hans Jörg
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 1 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 1
Yi Shen An, a Chinese traditional prescription, ameliorates membranous glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serum albumin in rats
Creators: name: Zhao, Yun-Li
name: Zhang, Xiang-Hua
name: Guo, Feng
name: Wei, Ying
name: Shang, Jian-Hua
name: Luo, Xiao-Dong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology

description: Yi Shen An (YSA) is an investigational composite of traditional Chinese medicine (Reference: 2010L000974) for the treatment of renal disease. To investigate the protective effects of YSA against membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Male Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA) to create a model of MGN. Then, rats were orally treated with YSA at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg for 35 successive days; prednisone (5 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. At the end of the experimental period, we performed a series of tests, including 24 h urinary protein, and biochemical, immunological, antioxidative, coagulation indices, and histopathological examination. YSA-1 g/kg significantly lowered urinary protein from 68.37 to 30.74 mg (p < 0.01). Meantime, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) recovered from 66.26 and 20.51 g/L to 76.08 and 35.64 g/L (p < 0.01), respectively. YSA removed the deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement 3c (C3c), prevented inter-capillary cell hyperplasia on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and reduced electron-dense deposits and fusion of podocytes. In addition, serum IgG and superoxide dismutase were significantly elevated. In contrast, malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglyceride, circulating immune complex (CIC), and immunoglobulin M decreased in the YSA-treated group. Moreover, the blood coagulation dysfunction was adjusted. These findings indicate YSA may exert a therapeutic effect against MGN through the inhibition of CIC formation, and the removal of IgG and C3c deposition from the GBM, thus supporting the development of further clinical trials.
Additional file 4 of Population segmentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its clinical applications - a scoping review
Creators: name: Seng, Jun Jie Benjamin
name: Monteiro, Amelia Yuting
name: Kwan, Yu Heng
name: Zainudin, Sueziani Binte
name: Tan, Chuen Seng
name: Thumboo, Julian
name: Low, Lian Leng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Advantages and disadvantages of population segmentation methods [14, 181]
DESIGNING A SUCCESSFUL VOLUNTARY GREEN SUPPORT PROGRAM: WHAT DO WE KNOW?
Creators: name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Batie, Sandra S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The current debate surrounding the reauthorization of the omnibus farm legislation has refocused policy makers' attention on an expanding set of public goals envision for the Farm Bill. Whereas early Farm Bills mainly addressed farm income goals, recent Farm Bills have given major attention to the environmental quality concerns.
Hadrons in Medium -- Theory meets Experiment
Creators: name: Mosel, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I give a short review of theoretical results on the properties of hadrons in cold, equilibrium nuclear matter. I then discuss the observable consequences of any changes of these properties inside the medium in actual experiments. I demonstrate that any experimental verification of in-medium effects requires a state-of-the-art treatment of the reaction dynamics and, in particular, also the final state interactions.
description: Invited talk at MENU07, Juelich, Germany, Sept. 2007; ref added
COMPARISON OF MICHIGAN FARMLAND RETURNS TO NONFARM INVESTMENTS
Creators: name: Hepp, Ralph E.
name: Hepp, Ralph E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Farmland is both a financial investment and a production resource when it is used by the farm family in generating income for the business. The resource is used in producing crops for sale or feed for animals. The basic choices for controlling land are ownership and lease. Land leases allows the control of land for income generation, but it does not allow the lessor to participation in the investment characteristics of the property. Land ownership provides a means for gaining income for the business as well as capital gains for the owner's wealth accumulation. Agricultural land prices increased for almost 50 years until the agricultural financial crisis in the 1980's halted the upward movement in values. From 1981 to 1987, Michigan farmland prices decreased 37 percent. How does the return to farmland compare to the yield from nonfarm investments in the last 10 years? Is agricultural land a good investment? The purpose of this article is an evaluation of investment returns from Michigan farmland for the owners, and a comparison of the returns over time with competing long-term nonfarm investments.
An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies
Creators: name: Hayami, Yujiro
name: Hayami, Yujiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Policies to tax farmers in low-income countries and policies to subsidize them in high-income countries have been identified as a major source of the disequilibrium of world agriculture. Recently, as many high-performing economies in Asia advanced from the low-income to the middle-income stage through successful industrialization, they are confronted with the problem of a widening income gap between farm and non-farm workers corresponding to rapid shifts in comparative advantage from agriculture to manufacturing. In order to prevent this disparity from culminating in serious social and political instability, policies have been reoriented toward supporting the income of farmers. At the same time, governments in middle-income countries must continue to secure low-cost food to the urban poor who are still large in number. The need to achieve the two conflicting goals under the still weak fiscal capacity of governments tends to make agricultural policies in the middle-income stage tinkering and ineffective. Greater research inputs in this area are called for in order to prevent the growth momentum of high-performing economies in Asia from being disrupted by political crises, as illustrated by the bent of Japan toward militarism during the period between the two World Wars.
Modeling and Architecture Design of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Using Scattering Parameter Network Analysis
Creators: name: Shen, Shanpu
name: Clerckx, Bruno
name: Murch, Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are an emerging technology for future wireless communication. The vast majority of recent research on RIS has focused on system level optimizations. However, developing straightforward and tractable electromagnetic models that are suitable for RIS aided communication modeling remains an open issue. In this paper, we address this issue and derive communication models by using rigorous scattering parameter network analysis. We also propose new RIS architectures based on group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance networks that can adjust not only the phases but also the magnitudes of the impinging waves, which are more general and more efficient than conventional single connected reconfigurable impedance network that only adjusts the phases of the impinging waves. In addition, the scaling law of the received signal power of an RIS aided system with reconfigurable impedance networks is also derived. Compared with the single connected reconfigurable impedance network, our group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance network can increase the received signal power by up to 62%, or maintain the same received signal power with a number of RIS elements reduced by up to 21%. We also investigate the proposed architecture in deployments with distance-dependent pathloss and Rician fading channel, and show that the proposed group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance networks outperform the single connected case by up to 34% and 48%, respectively.
description: 14 Pages, 10 figures
Charged Higgs production: higher-order corrections
Creators: name: Kidonakis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a calculation of higher-order radiative corrections to charged Higgs production in association with a top quark via the process bg -> tH-. Results for charged Higgs production at the LHC are presented, including the dependence of the cross section on the charged Higgs mass, the top quark mass, the factorization and renormalization scales, and tan beta. I show that the theoretical prediction for the cross section is significantly enhanced and is greatly stabilized when the higher-order corrections are included.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, HEP-EPS 2005, Lisbon, Portugal, July 21-27, 2005
Heider and coevolutionary balance: From discrete to continuous phase transition
Creators: name: Kargaran, A.
name: Jafari, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural balance in social complex networks has been modeled with two types of triplet interactions. First, the interaction that only considers dynamic role for links or relationships (Heider balance), and second, the interaction that considers both individual opinions (nodes) and relationships in network dynamics (coevolutionary balance). The question is, as the temperature varies, which is a measure of social disorder, how structural balance can be created or destroyed by each of these triplet interactions? We use statistical mechanics methods and observe through analytical calculation and numerical simulation that unlike the Heider balance triplet interaction which has a discrete phase transition, the coevolutionary balance has a continuous phase transition. The critical temperature of the presented model change with the root square of network size which is a linear dependence in thermal Heider balance.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
HACCP SYSTEM AND ITS FEASIBILITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Rehber, Erkan
name: Ulusoy, S.
name: Rehber, Erkan
name: Ulusoy, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The constant request for product and service quality is the major challenge of the 1990s for the food industry. Both developed and developing countries have faced food quality, safety, and nutrition issues to some extent. Everyone in the world deserves the right to have enough and safe food. Food safety and nutrition concerns have gained importance, with an international project initiated in 1997 by FAO called " Food for All". In the developed world, progress can be achieved in the control of food quality through new systems such as HACCP, despite the existence of technical and economic problems. In contrast in developing countries, and especially in the least developed ones, having enough and safe food for ordinary citizens is a distant target to attain, as they try to meet the essential needs of their citizens. Despite differences between the food safety issues of the developed and developing world, such as in infrastructure, the structure of the food industry, the awareness of consumers, and income level and distribution, developing countries have to improve their food safety not only in order to supply safe food to domestic consumers but also to be viable in the international food market. From the point of view of the costs and benefits of the control systems, firms have often faced high financial burdens in implementation of quality control systems. In the developing countries, it is often impossible to enforce a food safety regulation such as HACCP. Mandated food safety regulation without any strict control (as in the situation in the developing countries) may give rise to a kind of black market. Unqualified or uncontrolled foods are sold at a cheaper price to consumers who cannot afford to buy at high prices. This kind of market can be called an inverse or dual black market. Especially in a market structure where small firms selling their product at the retail level dominate, the opportunity for an inverse black market arises because consumers who cannot afford to pay a high price for the qualified food have tended to buy lower quality and cheaper foods. Therefore it may often be infeasible to apply these sophisticated control systems in developing countries without any governmental intervention and financial support. It may be expected that the aggregate net benefits to society may be great and positive. However, in practice it is not only a question of benefit. Especially in the developing world, the low level of income and its unequal distribution, inadequate infrastructure, low education level and fragmented structure of the market are also important determinants of implementation. International food aid programs should be changed to assist in developing a sound food industry, including quality control systems.
Quantum reference frame transformations as symmetries and the paradox of the third particle
Creators: name: Krumm, Marius
name: Hoehn, Philipp A.
name: Mueller, Markus P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a quantum world, reference frames are ultimately quantum systems too -- but what does it mean to "jump into the perspective of a quantum particle"? In this work, we show that quantum reference frame (QRF) transformations appear naturally as symmetries of simple physical systems. This allows us to rederive and generalize known QRF transformations within an alternative, operationally transparent framework, and to shed new light on their structure and interpretation. We give an explicit description of the observables that are measurable by agents constrained by such quantum symmetries, and apply our results to a puzzle known as the `paradox of the third particle'. We argue that it can be reduced to the question of how to relationally embed fewer into more particles, and give a thorough physical and algebraic analysis of this question. This leads us to a generalization of the partial trace (`relational trace') which arguably resolves the paradox, and it uncovers important structures of constraint quantization within a simple quantum information setting, such as relational observables which are key in this resolution. While we restrict our attention to finite Abelian groups for transparency and mathematical rigor, the intuitive physical appeal of our results makes us expect that they remain valid in more general situations.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures. v2: minor clarifications, references added. Accepted by Quantum
SUSY Les Houches Accord 2
Creators: name: Allanach, B. C.
name: Balazs, C.
name: Belanger, G.
name: Bernhardt, M.
name: Boudjema, F.
name: Choudhury, D.
name: Desch, K.
name: Ellwanger, U.
name: Gambino, P.
name: Godbole, R.
name: Goto, T.
name: Guasch, J.
name: Guchait, M.
name: Hahn, T.
name: Heinemeyer, S.
name: Hugonie, C.
name: Hurth, T.
name: Kreiss, S. Kraml S.
name: Lykken, J.
name: Moortgat, F.
name: Moretti, S.
name: Penaranda, S.
name: Plehn, T.
name: Porod, W.
name: Pukhov, A.
name: Richardson, P.
name: Schumacher, M.
name: Silvestrini, L.
name: Skands, P.
name: Slavich, P.
name: Spira, M.
name: Weiglein, G.
name: Wienemann, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Supersymmetry Les Houches Accord (SLHA) provides a universal set of conventions for conveying spectral and decay information for supersymmetry analysis problems in high energy physics. Here, we propose extensions of the conventions of the first SLHA to include various generalisations: the minimal supersymmetric standard model with violation of CP, R-parity, and flavour, as well as the simplest next-to-minimal model.
description: 35 pages
Explosion analysis from images: Trinity and Beirut
Creators: name: Diaz, Jorge S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Images of an explosion can be used to study some of its physical properties. After reviewing the key aspects of the method originally developed to study the first nuclear detonation and analyzing the Trinity blast data, the method is applied to the Beirut explosion of August 2020 by using images from videos posted online. The applicability of the method is discussed and the process of selection, extraction, and analysis of the data is presented. The estimate for the energy yield of the Beirut explosion is found to be $2.3^{+1.1}_{-1.1}$ TJ or $0.6^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$ kt of TNT equivalent. The result is consistent with others recently appeared in the literature using different methods. Notice that this article includes content that some readers may find distressing.
description: Minor edits to match published version. 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Aspirin relieves the calcification of aortic smooth muscle cells by enhancing the heat shock response
Creators: name: Shen, Quanquan
name: Chen, Qian
name: Liu, Yang
name: Xue, Xiang
name: Shen, Xiaogang
name: He, Qiang
name: Wang, Guokun
name: Han, Fei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Vascular calcification is a major complication of chronic renal failure, which has been identified as an active process partly driven by osteogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Aspirin could prevent cardiomyocyte damage by inducing heat shock response. This study investigates the effect of aspirin on alleviating VSMC calcification. An in vitro VSMC calcification model was established by 10-day calcification induction in osteogenic medium. VSMCs were grouped as following: control group (normal medium), calcified group (osteogenic medium) and treated group (osteogenic medium with 1 or 4 mmol/L aspirin). VSMC calcification was evaluated by calcified nodules formation, intracellular calcium concentration and osteoblastic marker (OPN and Runx2) expression. After 10-day culture, the intracellular calcium concentration in calcified group was significantly higher than that in control group (1.16 ± 0.04 vs. 0.14 ± 0.01 μg/mg, p < 0.01), but significantly reduced in 1 mmol/L aspirin treated group (0.74 ± 0.05 μg/mg, p < 0.01), and 4 mmol/L aspirin treated group (0.93 ± 0.03 μg/mg, p < 0.01). The elevated expression of OPN and Runx2 induced by osteogenic medium was significantly relieved after 1 or 4 mmol/L aspirin treatment. The expression of HSF1, HSP70 and HSP90 was decreased in calcification-induced VSMCs, but significantly increased after treatment of aspirin. Furthermore, inhibition of HSP70 (or HSP90) by small-molecule inhibitor or small interfering RNA could partially abolish the anti-calcification effect of aspirin, proved by the changes of intracellular calcium concentration and osteoblastic marker expression. Aspirin could relieve the calcification of VSMCs partially through HSP70- or HSP90-mediated heat shock response. These findings expanded the understanding of aspirin pharmacology, and imply that local induction expression of HSPs might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and therapy of vascular calcification.
Quantum Computation with Diatomic Bits in Optical Lattices
Creators: name: Lee, Chaohong
name: Ostrovskaya, Elena A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for scalable and universal quantum computation using diatomic bits with conditional dipole-dipole interaction, trapped within an optical lattice. The qubit states are encoded by the scattering state and the bound heteronuclear molecular state of two ultracold atoms per site. The conditional dipole-dipole interaction appears between neighboring bits when they both occupy the molecular state. The realization of a universal set of quantum logic gates, which is composed of single-bit operations and a two-bit controlled-NOT gate, is presented. The readout method is also discussed.
description: 5 pages, 1 eps figure, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction improves depressive symptoms in model rats via amelioration of BDNF-CREB-arginase I axis disorders
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaoping
name: Li, Zeng
name: Shen, Chuanpu
name: He, Jinzhi
name: Wang, Longfei
name: Di, Lei
name: Rui, Bin
name: Li, Ning
name: Liu, Zhicheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: The traditional Chinese medicine formula Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (TSD), used for treating ischaemic stroke, has the potential to treat depressive disorder (DD). To explore the effective targets of TSD on DD animal models. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were modelled by inducing chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) during 35 days and treated with three dosages of TSD (2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 14 days. Bodyweight measurements and behavioural tests were performed to observe the effect of TSD on the CUMS animals. A gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomic analysis was conducted to reveal the metabolic characteristics related to the curative effect of TSD. Levels of the proteins associated with the feature metabolites were analysed. Reduced immobile duration and crossed squares in the behavioural tests were raised by 48.6% and 32.9%, on average, respectively, by TSD treatment (ED50=3.2 g/kg). Antidepressant effects of TSD were associated with 13 decreased metabolites and the restorations of ornithine and urea in the serum. TSD (5 g/kg) raised serum serotonin by 54.1 mg/dL but suppressed arginase I (Arg I) by 47.8 mg/dL in the CUMS rats. Proteins on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) axis that modulate the inhibition of Arg I were suppressed in the CUMS rats but reversed by the TSD intervention. TSD improves depression-like symptoms in CUMS rats. Further study will focus on the antidepressant-like effects of effective compounds contained in TSD.