Rhinolophus celebensis K. Andersen 1905
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus celebensis

description: 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus celebensis</i> French: <i>Rhinolophe</i> des <i>Célèbes</i> / <b> <i>German</i>:</b> Sulawesi-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura de Célebes <b>Taxonomy.</b> <i>Rhinolophus celebensis</i> K. Andersen, 1905, “ Makassar, S[outh]. Celebes [= Sulawesi],” Indonesia. Included in the <i>megaphyllus</i> species group. <i>R celebensis</i> has often been considered a subspecies or even a synonym of <i> R <i>bomeensis;</i> the two are morphologically very similar but are treated as distinct species on the basis of small morphological differences. This species previously included <i>R madurensis,</i> but the two are now considered distinct on limited morphological grounds; further research is needed. Genetic studies with limited taxon sampling place <i>R celebensis</i> as sister to a clade that includes <i>R</i> virgo, <i>R megaphyllus,</i> and <i>R philippinensis.</i> Two subspecies are recognized.</i> <b>Subspecies and</b> Distribution. <i>R c.</i> <i>celebensis</i> K. Andersen, 1905 - Sangihe I, Talaud Is (Karakelong), Sulawesi (including Kabaena and Buton Is), and Tukangbesi Is (Wangi <i>Wangi</i> and Kaleudupa). <i>R c. javanicus</i> K. Andersen, 1918 - Krakatau, Java, Bali, and Kangean Is; a record from Sepanjan I needs confirmation. <i>Either</i> this species or the Bornean Horseshoe Bat (. <i>bomeensis)</i> was recently captured in Lampung <i>Province</i>, Sumatra, but in that <i>study</i> the two species were <i>not</i> differentiated. Descriptive <b>notes.</b> Head-body 46-8-48- 9 mm, tail 18- 9-27 mm, ear 14- 6-20 mm, hindfoot 7-1-8- 1 mm, forearm 36-45- 6 mm; weight 4-5-8- 4 g. Dorsal pelage is uniformly dull brown to dark brown, being drabber than paler venter. Ears range from small to medium in size. Noseleaf has nearly parallel-sided lancet; connecting process is rounded and is sparsely covered in short hairs; sella is <i>nearly</i> parallel-sided to <i>slightly</i> constricted; horseshoe is <i>relatively</i> narrow (7-1-8- 4 mm <i>wide</i>), has shallow median emargination, and has lateral leaflets that are concealed from above. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is of medium build, with zygomatic width greater than mastoid width; anterior median swellings are moderately developed; posterior swellings are comparatively well inflated; sagittal crest is moderately developed; frontal depression is moderately developed; supraorbital crest is conspicuous. P2 is moderately developed and within tooth row; P3 is small and displaced halfway, barely separating P2 from P4. Habitat. Reported from <i>primary</i> and secondary tropical forest, and recorded at elevations from sea level up to 600 m. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. No information. Breeding. Females with swollen nipples and males with enlarged testes were captured in November in Sulawesi. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat apparently roosts in caves. <b>Movements, Home range and Social</b> organization. There are reports of Sulawesi Horseshoe Bats roosting in colonies with hundreds of individuals. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on <i>The IUCN ed List.</i> The Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat is widespread and common throughout its distribution but virtually nothing is known of its <i>ecology</i> or potential threats. It is apparently one of the commonest bats in Sulawesi. Further studies are needed. <b>Bibliography.</b> Bergmans &amp; <i>Rozendaal</i> (1982), Csorba et al. (2003), Hill &amp; <i>Rozendaal</i> (1989), Huang, J.C.C. <i>et</i> al. (2014), Hutson, Suyanto &amp; Kingston (2008 <i>b</i>), Patterson et al. (2017), Wiantoro et al. (2017), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 308, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525