cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Signal Temporal Logic Meets Convex-Concave Programming: A Structure-Exploiting SQP Algorithm for STL Specifications
Creators: name: Takayama, Yoshinari
name: Hashimoto, Kazumune
name: Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study considers the control problem with signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. Prior works have adopted smoothing techniques to address this problem within a feasible time frame and solve the problem by applying sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods naively. However, one of the drawbacks of this approach is that solutions can easily become trapped in local minima that do not satisfy the specification. In this study, we propose a new optimization method, termed CCP-based SQP, based on the convex-concave procedure (CCP). Our framework includes a new robustness decomposition method that decomposes the robustness function into a set of constraints, resulting in a form of difference of convex (DC) program that can be solved efficiently. We solve this DC program sequentially as a quadratic program by only approximating the disjunctive parts of the specifications. Our experimental results demonstrate that our method has a superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art SQP methods in terms of both robustness and computational time.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
(500473) John Hustwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Eating disorder symptoms and their associations with anthropometric and psychiatric polygenic scores
Creators: name: Abdulkadir, Mohamed
name: Herle, Moritz
name: Micali, Nadia
name: Breen, Gerome
name: Bulik, Cynthia M.
name: Hübel, Christopher
name: Loos, Ruth J. F.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022

description: BACKGROUND: Eating disorder (ED) symptoms are prevalent in the general population, but their shared genetic underpinnings with psychiatric, metabolic, and anthropometric traits are not known. Here, we examined if polygenic scores (PGSs) of traits associated with anorexia nervosa are also associated with adolescent ED symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).
METHODS: A total of 8654 participants with genotype data and at least one phenotypic measure were included from the ALSPAC study. We associated PGS from 25 traits (16 psychiatric, 4 metabolic, and 5 anthropometric) with eight ED symptoms, including behaviours such as fasting for weight loss and cognitions such as body dissatisfaction.
RESULTS: Higher attention deficit hyperactivity disorder PGS and lower educational attainment PGS were associated with fasting for weight loss. Higher insomnia PGS was associated with increased body dissatisfaction. We found no evidence of an association between metabolic trait PGS and any ED symptom. Fat-free mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage PGSs, were positively associated with binge eating, excessive exercise, fasting for weight loss, body dissatisfaction, and weight and shape concern.
CONCLUSIONS: ED symptoms are genetically associated with psychiatric and anthropometric, but not with metabolic traits. Our findings provide insights for future genetic research investigating on why some individuals with ED symptoms progress to develop threshold EDs while others do not.
Thermalization of isolated Bose-Einstein condensates by dynamical heat bath generation
Creators: name: Posazhennikova, Anna
name: Trujillo-Martinez, Mauricio
name: Kroha, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If and how an isolated quantum system thermalizes despite its unitary time evolution is a long-standing, open problem of many-body physics. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) postulates that thermalization happens at the level of individual eigenstates of a system's Hamiltonian. However, the ETH requires stringent conditions to be validated, and it does not address how the thermal state is reached dynamically from an inital non-equilibrium state. We consider a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in a double-well potential with an initial population imbalance. We find that the system thermalizes although the initial conditions violate the ETH requirements. We identify three dynamical regimes. After an initial regime of undamped Josephson oscillations, the subsystem of incoherent excitations or quasiparticles (QP) becomes strongly coupled to the BEC subsystem by means of a dynamically generated, parametric resonance. When the energy stored in the QP system reaches its maximum, the number of QPs becomes effectively constant, and the system enters a quasi-hydrodynamic regime where the two subsystems are weakly coupled. In this final regime the BEC acts as a grand-canonical heat reservoir for the QP system (and vice versa), resulting in thermalization. We term this mechanism dynamical bath generation (DBG).
description: Published version, 20 pages, 19 figures, minor grammar and typos corrected
Unravelling incommensurate magnetism and its emergence in iron-based superconductors
Creators: name: Christensen, Morten H.
name: Andersen, Brian M.
name: Kotetes, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus on a broad class of tetragonal itinerant systems sharing a tendency towards the spontaneous formation of incommensurate magnetism with ordering wavevectors $\mathbf{Q}_{1,2}=(π-δ,0)/(0,π-δ)$ or $\mathbf{Q}_{1,2}=(π,δ)/(-δ,π)$. Employing a Landau approach, we obtain the generic magnetic phase diagram and identify the leading instabilities near the paramagnetic-magnetic transition. Nine distinct magnetic phases exist that either preserve or violate the assumed $C_4$-symmetry of the paramagnetic phase. These are single- and double-$\mathbf{Q}$ phases consisting of magnetic stripes, helices and whirls, either in an individual or coexisting manner. These nine phases can be experimentally distinguished by polarized neutron scattering, or, for example, by combining measurements of the induced charge order and magnetoelectric coupling. Within two representative five-orbital models, suitable for BaFe$_2$As$_2$ and LaFeAsO, we find that the incommensurate magnetic phases discussed here are accessible in iron-based superconductors. Our investigation unveils a set of potential candidates for the unidentified $C_2$-symmetric magnetic phase that was recently observed in Ba$_{1-x}$Na$_x$Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$. Among the phases stabilized we find a spin-whirl crystal, which is a textured magnetic $C_4$-symmetric phase. The possible experimental observation of textured magnetic orders in iron-based superconductor, opens new directions for realizing intrinsic topological superconductors.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures + supplementary material
КОН ВА САРАТОН КАСАЛИКЛАРИ БИЛАН ХАСТАЛАНГАН  БЕМОР БОЛАЛАРНИ ОИЛАДАГИ МУХИТНИНГ ИЖТИМОИЙ ҲАЁТИГА, ҲАМДА РИВОЖЛАНИШИГА ТАЪСИРИ
Creators: name: Курбонова, Г.Х.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Боладаги кон касаллиги ёки саратон ҳар доим оила учун қўрқинчили ҳодисадир. Боладаги касалликнинг дастлабки ва кейинги реакциялари кўп жиҳатдан ота-онанинг шахсий хусусиятларига, уларнинг ҳиссий ҳолатига, интеллектуал ривожланиш даражасига, маданият ва таълим даражасига, шунингдек, ота-оналарнинг бола ташхиси ҳақида билишларига боғлиқ. Шифокорнинг диагностика билан шуғулланиши ва касалликнинг моҳиятини тушунтириш тажрибаси, даволаш усуллари ва прогнозлари катта аҳамиятга эга. Тажрибанинг консепцияси ва ушбу вазиятда шифокор сўзлашув маҳорати асосан унинг инсоний фазилатларини ва психотерапия қобилиятларини ўз ичига олади.
Auditing Elon Musk's Impact on Hate Speech and Bots
Creators: name: Hickey, Daniel
name: Schmitz, Matheus
name: Fessler, Daniel
name: Smaldino, Paul
name: Muric, Goran
name: Burghardt, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: On October 27th, 2022, Elon Musk purchased Twitter, becoming its new CEO and firing many top executives in the process. Musk listed fewer restrictions on content moderation and removal of spam bots among his goals for the platform. Given findings of prior research on moderation and hate speech in online communities, the promise of less strict content moderation poses the concern that hate will rise on Twitter. We examine the levels of hate speech and prevalence of bots before and after Musk's acquisition of the platform. We find that hate speech rose dramatically upon Musk purchasing Twitter and the prevalence of most types of bots increased, while the prevalence of astroturf bots decreased.
description: 3 figures, 1 table. In Proceedings of the 17th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (2023)
(500474) James Ferguson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The dynamics of power laws: Fitness and aging in preferential attachment trees
Creators: name: Garavaglia, Alessandro
name: van der Hofstad, Remco
name: Woeginger, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Continuous-time branching processes describe the evolution of a population whose individuals generate a random number of children according to a birth process. Such branching processes can be used to understand preferential attachment models in which the birth rates are linear functions. We are motivated by citation networks, where power-law citation counts are observed as well as aging in the citation patterns. To model this, we introduce fitness and age-dependence in these birth processes. The multiplicative fitness moderates the rate at which children are born, while the aging is integrable, so that individuals receives a finite number of children in their lifetime. We show the existence of a limiting degree distribution for such processes. In the preferential attachment case, where fitness and aging are absent, this limiting degree distribution is known to have power-law tails. We show that the limiting degree distribution has exponential tails for bounded fitnesses in the presence of integrable aging, while the power-law tail is restored when integrable aging is combined with fitness with unbounded support with at most exponential tails. In the absence of integrable aging, such processes are explosive.
description: 41 pages, 10 figures
Growth in varieties of multioperator algebras and Groebner bases in operads
Creators: name: Piontkovski, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.1.2; G.2.1
subject: 18D50, 16S15, 05E15, 05A15

description: We discuss algorithmic approach to growth of the codimension sequences of varieties of multilinear algebras, or, equivalently, the sequences of the component dimensions of algebraic operads. The (exponentional) generating functions of such sequences are called codimension series of varieties, or generating series of operads. We show that in general there does not exist an algorithm to decide whether the growth exponent of a codimension sequence of a variety defined by given finite sets of operations and identities is equal to a given rational number. In particular, we solve negatively a recent conjecture by Bremner and Dotsenko by showing that the set generating series of binary quadratic operads with bounded number of generators is infinite. Then we recall algorithms which in many cases calculate the codimension series in the form of a defining algebraic or differential equation. For a more general class of varieties, these algorithms give upper and lower bounds for the codimensions in terms of generating functions and asymptotical bounds for the growth of codimensions. The upper bound (based on an operadic version of the Golod--Shafarevich theorem) is just a formal power series satisfying an algebraic equation defined effectively by the generators and the identities of the variety. The first stage of an algorithm for the lower bound is the construction of a Groebner basis of the operad. If the Groebner basis happens to be finite and satisfies mild restrictions, a recent theorem by the author and Anton Khoroshkin guarantees that the desired generating function is either algebraic or differential algebraic. We describe algorithms producing such equations. In the case of infinite Groebner basis, these algorithms applied to its finite subsets give lower bounds for the generating function of the codimension sequence.
description: A talk in The International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC'17). Final version published in its proceedings
Single-shot work extraction in quantum thermodynamics revisited
Creators: name: Wang, Shang-Yung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of work extraction from a system in contact with a heat bath to a work storage system, and the reverse problem of state formation from a thermal system state in single-shot quantum thermodynamics. A physically intuitive and mathematically simple approach using only elementary majorization theory and matrix analysis is developed, and a graphical interpretation of the maximum extractable work, minimum work cost of formation, and corresponding single-shot free energies is presented. This approach provides a bridge between two previous methods based respectively on the concept of thermomajorization and a comparison of subspace dimensions. In addition, a conceptual inconsistency with regard to general work extraction involving transitions between multiple energy levels of the work storage system is clarified and resolved. It is shown that an additional contribution to the maximum extractable work in those general cases should be interpreted not as work extracted from the system, but as heat transferred from the heat bath. Indeed, the additional contribution is an artifact of a work storage system (essentially a suspended "weight" that can be raised or lowered) that does not truly distinguish work from heat. The result calls into question the common concept that a work storage system in quantum thermodynamics is simply the quantum version of a suspended weight in classical thermodynamics.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, to appear in J. Phys. A
Mapping the complex evolution of ferroelastic/ferroelectric domain patterns in epitaxially strained PbTiO3 heterostructures
Creators: name: Lichtensteiger, Céline
name: Hadjimichael, Marios
name: Zatterin, Edoardo
name: Su, Chia-Ping
name: Gaponenko, Iaroslav
name: Tovaglieri, Ludovica
name: Paruch, Patrycja
name: Gloter, Alexandre
name: Triscone, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the complex ferroelastic/ferroelectric domain structure in the prototypical ferroelectric PbTiO3 epitaxially strained on (110)o-oriented DyScO3 substrates, using a combination of atomic force microscopy, laboratory and synchrotron x-ray diffraction and high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. We observe that the anisotropic strain imposed by the orthorhombic substrate creates a large asymmetry in the domain configuration, with domain walls macroscopically aligned along one of the two in-plane directions. We show that the periodicity as a function of film thickness deviates from the Kittel law. As the ferroelectric film thickness increases, we find that the domain configuration evolves from flux-closure to a/c-phase, with a larger scale arrangement of domains into superdomains.
description: v2: figure 5 corrected 18 pages, 5 figures + supplementary materials (2 pages, 2 figures)
(500475) Robert Dawson Ferguson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fairness And Bias in Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Survey of Sources, Impacts, And Mitigation Strategies
Creators: name: Ferrara, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The significant advancements in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to healthcare decision-making, medical diagnosis, and other domains have simultaneously raised concerns about the fairness and bias of AI systems. This is particularly critical in areas like healthcare, employment, criminal justice, credit scoring, and increasingly, in generative AI models (GenAI) that produce synthetic media. Such systems can lead to unfair outcomes and perpetuate existing inequalities, including generative biases that affect the representation of individuals in synthetic data. This survey paper offers a succinct, comprehensive overview of fairness and bias in AI, addressing their sources, impacts, and mitigation strategies. We review sources of bias, such as data, algorithm, and human decision biases - highlighting the emergent issue of generative AI bias where models may reproduce and amplify societal stereotypes. We assess the societal impact of biased AI systems, focusing on the perpetuation of inequalities and the reinforcement of harmful stereotypes, especially as generative AI becomes more prevalent in creating content that influences public perception. We explore various proposed mitigation strategies, discussing the ethical considerations of their implementation and emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure effectiveness. Through a systematic literature review spanning multiple academic disciplines, we present definitions of AI bias and its different types, including a detailed look at generative AI bias. We discuss the negative impacts of AI bias on individuals and society and provide an overview of current approaches to mitigate AI bias, including data pre-processing, model selection, and post-processing. We emphasize the unique challenges presented by generative AI models and the importance of strategies specifically tailored to address these.
A Fourth Exception in the Calculation of Relic Abundances
Creators: name: D'Agnolo, Raffaele Tito
name: Pappadopulo, Duccio
name: Ruderman, Joshua T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the dark matter abundance is set by the decoupling of inelastic scattering instead of annihilations. This coscattering mechanism is generically realized if dark matter scatters against states of comparable mass from the thermal bath. Coscattering points to dark matter that is exponentially lighter than the weak scale and has a suppressed annihilation rate, avoiding stringent constraints from indirect detection. Dark matter upscatters into states whose late decays can lead to observable distortions to the blackbody spectrum of the cosmic microwave background.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. V3: figure added
(500476) Robert Waugh Irving
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Deep Multiview Clustering by Contrasting Cluster Assignments
Creators: name: Chen, Jie
name: Mao, Hua
name: Woo, Wai Lok
name: Peng, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multiview clustering (MVC) aims to reveal the underlying structure of multiview data by categorizing data samples into clusters. Deep learning-based methods exhibit strong feature learning capabilities on large-scale datasets. For most existing deep MVC methods, exploring the invariant representations of multiple views is still an intractable problem. In this paper, we propose a cross-view contrastive learning (CVCL) method that learns view-invariant representations and produces clustering results by contrasting the cluster assignments among multiple views. Specifically, we first employ deep autoencoders to extract view-dependent features in the pretraining stage. Then, a cluster-level CVCL strategy is presented to explore consistent semantic label information among the multiple views in the fine-tuning stage. Thus, the proposed CVCL method is able to produce more discriminative cluster assignments by virtue of this learning strategy. Moreover, we provide a theoretical analysis of soft cluster assignment alignment. Extensive experimental results obtained on several datasets demonstrate that the proposed CVCL method outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
title: Improving representations of higher trophic-level species in models : using individual-based modelling and dynamic energy budget theory to project population trajectories of southern elephant seals
Creators: name: Goedegebuure, M
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2018

description: Higher trophic-level marine predators are of particular interest to ecologists, as these species can be used to observe direct and indirect effects of changes to ecosystem dynamics and physical environments. The population dynamics of these species and their breeding and foraging traits can inform ecosystem-based fisheries management, such as that which has been adopted by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) for the Southern Ocean.
This thesis presents and applies a framework for representing marine mammals in ecosystem models, using dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory incorporated in individual-based models (IBMs). It investigates effects at a population level while taking into account individual traits, as well as energetic requirements of the selected species. The model is the first of its kind for a large marine mammal.
Chapter 1 justifies the selection of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina as the study species, for which good demographic data are available, and summarises the thesis approach. Chapter 2 discusses how detailed representations of apex (non-fish) predators are generally lacking from ecosystem models. This is likely due to the challenges involved in representing complex life histories (i.e. capital or income breeders, intermittent reproduction, site fidelity) of mammals and birds in ecosystem models. This chapter uses a nested qualitative network model to show that the level of detail with which higher trophic-level species are represented in ecosystem models can have implications for ecosystem-level predictions.
Chapter 3 develops a DEB-IBM for southern elephant seals, using data from longitudinal studies from Macquarie Island. This model i) simulates energy use and life histories, as well as breeding traits in an emergent manner, ii) projects a stable population over time, and iii) has realistic population dynamics and structure based on emergent life history features. Chapter 4 investigates whether the DEB-IBM can assist in evaluating hypotheses regarding drivers of the decline of the southern elephant seal population on Macquarie Island. Results from this chapter suggest a number of interacting drivers for population decline. Finally, Chapter 5 discusses and addresses limitations of the model. It discusses future versions of the model that could be made spatially explicit; include males; be adjusted for other species; and be incorporated in end-to-end ecosystem models to improve higher trophic level species representations.
Enhanced BRAF engagement by NRAS mutants capable of promoting melanoma initiation
Creators: name: Fort, Marie
name: Murphy, Brandon M.
name: Burd, Christin E.
name: Chen, Min
name: Bodnar, Michael S.
name: Holderbaum, Andrea M.
name: Weiss, Tirzah J.
name: Campbell, Sharon L.
name: Coppola, Vincenzo
name: Morrison, Deborah K.
name: Terrell, Elizabeth M.
name: Burd, Craig J.
name: Carey, Leiah M.
name: Chirasani, Venkat R.
name: Dhakal, Aastha
name: Lew, Rachel E.
name: Posada, Valentina
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description: A distinct profile of NRAS mutants is observed in each tumor type. It is unclear whether these profiles are determined by mutagenic events or functional differences between NRAS oncoproteins. Here, we establish functional hallmarks of NRAS mutants enriched in human melanoma. We generate eight conditional, knock-in mouse models and show that rare melanoma mutants (NRAS G12D, G13D, G13R, Q61H, and Q61P) are poor drivers of spontaneous melanoma formation, whereas common melanoma mutants (NRAS Q61R, Q61K, or Q61L) induce rapid tumor onset with high penetrance. Molecular dynamics simulations, combined with cell-based protein–protein interaction studies, reveal that melanomagenic NRAS mutants form intramolecular contacts that enhance BRAF binding affinity, BRAF-CRAF heterodimer formation, and MAPK > ERK signaling. Along with the allelic series of conditional mouse models we describe, these results establish a mechanistic basis for the enrichment of specific NRAS mutants in human melanoma.
Roads towards fault-tolerant universal quantum computation
Creators: name: Campbell, Earl T.
name: Terhal, Barbara M.
name: Vuillot, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current experiments are taking the first steps toward noise-resilient logical qubits. Crucially, a quantum computer must not merely store information, but also process it. A fault-tolerant computational procedure ensures that errors do not multiply and spread. This review compares the leading proposals for promoting a quantum memory to a quantum processor. We compare magic state distillation, color code techniques and other alternative ideas, paying attention to relative resource demands. We discuss the several no-go results which hold for low-dimensional topological codes and outline the potential rewards of using high-dimensional quantum (LDPC) codes in modular architectures.
description: A concise review paper. 9 pages + references. V2 includes a correction to Fig1b which had gates Z^b and X^{a+c} interchanged. This version is the one before review and editing by Nature
Development and Evaluation of an Online Home Energy Management Strategy for Load Coordination in Smart Homes with Renewable Energy Sources
Creators: name: Chen, Xiaoling
name: Miller, Cory
name: Goutham, Mithun
name: Hanumalagutti, Prasad Dev
name: Blaser, Rachel
name: Stockar, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, a real time implementable load coordination strategy is developed for the optimization of electric demands in a smart home. The strategy minimizes the electricity cost to the home owner, while limiting the disruptions associated with the deferring of flexible power loads. A multi-objective nonlinear mixed integer programming is formulated as a sequential model predictive control, which is then solved using genetic algorithm. The load shifting benefits obtained by deploying an advanced coordination strategy are compared against a baseline controller for various home characteristics, such as location, size and equipment. The simulation study shows that the deployment of the smart home energy management strategy achieves approximately 5% reduction in grid cost compared to a baseline strategy. This is achieved by deferring approximately 50\% of the flexible loads, which is possible due to the use of the stationary energy storage.
description: Submitted to Elsevier Energy
title: Exploring the social context of choking and its implications for care
Creators: name: Hanley, MJ
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2018

description: Using grounded theory methodology this study retrospectively explored the social context of choking for at-risk adults and their carers through the lens of Australian coronial reports from 2000 - 2010. The data were the police, autopsy, finding, and inquest reports compiled as part of a coronial investigation into a choking fatality, which is a reportable death in Australia. Data were obtained through access to the National Coronial Information System (NCIS).

The population of interest were adults who were clinically considered more at risk of choking than the general population. An increased risk of choking has been established in adults of advanced age and those with medical conditions associated with dysphagia (swallowing problems). Two hundred and fifty six (256) adults were identified as potentially having a predisposition to choking based on the combined criteria of age and/or medical history.

Coroner’s reports have been used internationally in studies exploring choking phenomena. These studies have identified many factors contributing to choking, with the aim of reducing fatality through the control of these recognised risk factors. The clinical management of choking for at-risk adults is currently closely aligned with the biomedical model of health care and focuses on reduction of risk and death prevention for the at-risk adult. There is however, an increasing awareness that such an alignment might be too narrow to address issues arising for at-risk adults and their carers living with choking risk and its expression.

Coroners’ reports are rich sources of information. They not only identify specific factors that may have contributed to a person’s death but also provide insights into the social context of the death and all who may be affected by it. The social context of choking has not been widely explored, despite the contribution such knowledge could make to understanding in the area. The aim of this study was to explore the social context of choking and its implications for care. To meet this aim, grounded theory methodology was chosen for its capacity to analyse and elucidate complex data, build understanding of multifaceted phenomena and formulate theory.

Exploration of the social context of choking identified that there are challenges for both at-risk adults and carers in this area of care which are not being addressed by current prevention-focused management. Based on these findings it is theorised that an expanded model of care is required, that includes a broader concept of ‘considered support’ rather than the management of risk and death prevention alone. Considered support in the proposed expanded model does not negate the appropriateness of attempting to prevent choking, but it broadens care to address the concerns of at-risk adults and their carers which fall outside the ability to control and prevent choking.
Inverse Lyndon words and Inverse Lyndon factorizations of words
Creators: name: Bonizzoni, Paola
name: De Felice, Clelia
name: Zaccagnino, Rocco
name: Zizza, Rosalba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.1; F.4.3
subject: 68R15

description: Motivated by applications to string processing, we introduce variants of the Lyndon factorization called inverse Lyndon factorizations. Their factors, named inverse Lyndon words, are in a class that strictly contains anti-Lyndon words, that is Lyndon words with respect to the inverse lexicographic order. The Lyndon factorization of a nonempty word w is unique but w may have several inverse Lyndon factorizations. We prove that any nonempty word w admits a canonical inverse Lyndon factorization, named ICFL(w), that maintains the main properties of the Lyndon factorization of w: it can be computed in linear time, it is uniquely determined, it preserves a compatibility property for sorting suffixes. In particular, the compatibility property of ICFL(w) is a consequence of another result: any factor in ICFL(w) is a concatenation of consecutive factors of the Lyndon factorization of w with respect to the inverse lexicographic order.
Rapidly time-varying reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for downlink multiuser transmissions
Creators: name: Verde, Francesco
name: Darsena, Donatella
name: Galdi, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Until now, researchers in wireless communications have mainly focused their attention on slowly time-varying designs of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), where the spatial-phase gradient across the RIS is varied at the rate equal to the inverse of the channel coherence time. Additional degrees of freedom for controlling EM waves can be gained by applying a time modulation to the reflection response of RISs during the channel coherence time interval, thereby attaining rapidly time-varying RISs. In this paper, we develop a general framework where a downlink multiuser transmission over single-input single-output slow fading channels is assisted by a digitally controlled rapidly time-varying RIS. We show that reconfiguring the RIS at a rate greater than the inverse of the channel coherence time might be beneficial from a communication perspective depending on the considered network utility function and the available channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). The conclusions of our analysis in terms of system design guidelines are as follows: (i) if the network utility function is the sum-rate time-averaged network capacity, without any constraint on fair resource allocation, and full CSIT is available, it is unnecessary to change the electronic properties of the RIS within the channel coherence time interval; (ii) if partial CSIT is assumed only, a rapidly time-varying randomized RIS allows to achieve a suitable balance between sum-rate time-averaged capacity and user fairness, especially for a sufficiently large number of users; (iii) regardless of the available amount of CSIT, the design of rapid temporal variations across the RIS is instrumental for developing scheduling algorithms aimed at maximizing the network capacity subject to some fairness constraints.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Communications. Cite as: F. Verde, D. Darsena, and V. Galdi, "Rapidly time-varying reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for downlink multiuser transmissions," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2024.3358954
A Computer Test of Holographic Flavour Dynamics II
Creators: name: Asano, Yuhma
name: Filev, Veselin G.
name: Kováčik, Samuel
name: O'Connor, Denjoe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the second derivative of the free energy with respect to the fundamental mass (the mass susceptibility) for the Berkooz-Douglas model as a function of temperature and at zero mass. The model is believed to be holographically dual to a D0/D4 intersection. We perform a lattice simulation of the system at finite temperature and find excellent agreement with predictions from the gravity dual.
description: typos fixed, acknowledgements updated
An optimal hierarchical clustering approach to segmentation of mobile LiDAR point clouds
Creators: name: Xu, Sheng
name: Wang, Ruisheng
name: Zheng, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a hierarchical clustering approach for the segmentation of mobile LiDAR point clouds. We perform the hierarchical clustering on unorganized point clouds based on a proximity matrix. The dissimilarity measure in the proximity matrix is calculated by the Euclidean distances between clusters and the difference of normal vectors at given points. The main contribution of this paper is that we succeed to optimize the combination of clusters in the hierarchical clustering. The combination is obtained by achieving the matching of a bipartite graph, and optimized by solving the minimum-cost perfect matching. Results show that the proposed optimal hierarchical clustering (OHC) succeeds to achieve the segmentation of multiple individual objects automatically and outperforms the state-of-the-art LiDAR point cloud segmentation approaches.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sense
Matching Logic
Creators: name: Rosu, Grigore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; D.3.1; F.3; F.4

description: This paper presents matching logic, a first-order logic (FOL) variant for specifying and reasoning about structure by means of patterns and pattern matching. Its sentences, the patterns, are constructed using variables, symbols, connectives and quantifiers, but no difference is made between function and predicate symbols. In models, a pattern evaluates into a power-set domain (the set of values that match it), in contrast to FOL where functions and predicates map into a regular domain. Matching logic uniformly generalizes several logical frameworks important for program analysis, such as: propositional logic, algebraic specification, FOL with equality, modal logic, and separation logic. Patterns can specify separation requirements at any level in any program configuration, not only in the heaps or stores, without any special logical constructs for that: the very nature of pattern matching is that if two structures are matched as part of a pattern, then they can only be spatially separated. Like FOL, matching logic can also be translated into pure predicate logic with equality, at the same time admitting its own sound and complete proof system. A practical aspect of matching logic is that FOL reasoning with equality remains sound, so off-the-shelf provers and SMT solvers can be used for matching logic reasoning. Matching logic is particularly well-suited for reasoning about programs in programming languages that have an operational semantics, but it is not limited to this.
(500477) Margaret Irving
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Attitudes About Analytic Treatment Interruption (ATI) in HIV Remission Trials with Different Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Resumption Criteria
Creators: name: Sacdalan, Carlo
name: Cadigan, R. Jean
name: Ormsby, Nuchanart
name: Prueksakaew, Peeriya
name: Rennie, Stuart
name: Isaacson, Sinéad C.
name: Benjapornpong, Khunthalee
name: Vasan, Sandhya
name: Kroon, Eugène
name: Colby, Donn J.
name: Ananworanich, Jintanat
name: Peay, Holly L.
name: Gwaltney, Angela
name: Henderson, Gail E.
name: Jupimai, Thidarat
name: Phanuphak, Nittaya
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description: HIV remission trials often require temporary stopping of antiretroviral therapy (ART)—an approach called analytic treatment interruption (ATI). Trial designs resulting in viremia raise risks for participants and sexual partners. We conducted a survey on attitudes about remission trials, comparing ART resumption criteria (lower-risk “time to rebound” and higher-risk “sustained viremia”) among participants from an acute HIV cohort in Thailand. Analyses included Wilcoxon-Ranks and multivariate logistic analysis. Most of 408 respondents supported ATI trials, with slightly higher approval of, and willingness to participate in, trials using time to rebound versus sustained viremia criteria. Less than half of respondents anticipated disclosing trial participation to partners and over half indicated uncertainty or unwillingness about whether partners would be willing to use PrEP. Willingness to participate was higher among those who rated higher trial approval, lower anticipated burden, and those expecting to make the decision independently. Our findings support acceptability of ATI trials among most respondents. Participant attitudes and anticipated behaviors, especially related to transmission risk, have implications for future trial design and informed consent.
Supplementary text from Spatial evolution of human cultures inferred through Bayesian phylogenetic analysis
Creators: name: Takahashi, Takuya
name: Ihara, Yasuo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: This text includes detailed explanations about our MCMC algorithms and the evaluation of the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithms.
Robust Macroscopic Schrödinger's Cat on a Nucleus
Creators: name: Gupta, Pragati
name: Vaartjes, Arjen
name: Yu, Xi
name: Morello, Andrea
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to generate spin cat states, i.e., superpositions of maximally separated quasiclassical states on a single high-dimensional nuclear spin in a solid-state device. We exploit a strong quadrupolar nonlinearity to drive the nucleus significantly faster than usual gate sequences, achieving collapses and revivals two orders of magnitude faster than the dephasing timescale. Furthermore, these states are engineered without entanglement with an ancilla, hence, are robust against error propagation. With our multitone control, we can realize arbitrary high-spin rotations within an experimentally feasible regime, as well as transform a spin coherent state to a spin cat state using only phase modulation, opening the possibility of storing and manipulating high-fidelity cat states.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, added supplemental material
\b{eta}-Ga2O3 on Insulator Field-effect Transistors with Drain Currents Exceeding 1.5 A/mm and Their Self-heating Effect
Creators: name: Zhou, Hong
name: Maize, Kerry
name: Qiu, Gang
name: Shakouri, Ali
name: Ye, Peide D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have demonstrated that depletion/enhancement-mode b-Ga2O3 on insulator field-effect transistors can achieve a record high drain current density of 1.5/1.0 A/mm by utilizing a highly doped b-Ga2O3 nano-membrane as the channel. b-Ga2O3 on insulator field-effect transistor (GOOI FET) shows a high on/off ratio of 1010 and low subthreshold slope of 150 mV/dec even with 300 nm thick SiO2. The enhancement-mode GOOI FET is achieved through surface depletion. An ultra-fast, high resolution thermo-reflectance imaging technique is applied to study the self-heating effect by directly measuring the local surface temperature. High drain current, low Rc, and wide bandgap make the b-Ga2O3 on insulator field-effect transistor a promising candidate for future power electronics applications.