cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The HIFI spectral survey of AFGL 2591 (CHESS). III. Chemical structure of the protostellar envelope
Creators: name: Kazmierczak-Barthel, Maja
name: Semenov, Dimitri
name: van der Tak, Floris
name: Chavarría, Luis
name: van der Wiel, Matthijs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to understand the rich chemical composition of AFGL 2591, a prototypical isolated high-mass star-forming region. Based on HIFI and JCMT data, the molecular abundances of species found in the protostellar envelope of AFGL 2591 were derived with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code RATRAN, assuming either constant values or 1D stepwise radial profiles as abundance distributions. The reconstructed 1D abundances were compared with the results of time-dependent gas-grain chemical modeling, considering ages of 10,000 to 50,000 years, cosmic-ray ionization rates of 0.5 to 50 times 10^-16 s^-1, uniformly-sized 0.1-1 micron dust grains, a dust/gas ratio of 1%, and several sets of initial molecular abundances with C/O <1 and >1. Constant abundance models give good fits to the data for CO, CN, CS, HCO+, H2CO, N2H+, C2H, NO, OCS, OH, H2CS, O, C, C+, and CH. Models with an abundance jump at 100 K give good fits to the data for NH3, SO, SO2, H2S, H2O, HCl, and CH3OH. For HCN and HNC, the best models have an abundance jump at 230 K. The time-dependent chemical model can accurately explain abundance profiles of 15 out of these 24 species. The jump-like radial profiles for key species like HCO+, NH3, and H2O are consistent with the outcome of the time-dependent chemical modeling. The best-fit model has a chemical age of 10-50 kyr, a solar C/O ratio of 0.44, and a cosmic-ray ionization rate of 5 x 10^-17 s^-1; grain properties and external UV intensity do not affect the calculated chemical structure much. We thus demonstrate that simple constant or jump-like abundance profiles agree with time-dependent chemical modeling for most key C-, O-, N-, and S-bearing molecules. The main exceptions are species with very few observed transitions (C, O, C+, and CH), with a poorly established chemical network (HCl, H2S) or whose chemistry is strongly affected by surface processes (CH3OH).
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; 15 pages, 6 figures
A Domain-Agnostic Approach for Characterization of Lifelong Learning Systems
Creators: name: Baker, Megan M.
name: New, Alexander
name: Aguilar-Simon, Mario
name: Al-Halah, Ziad
name: Arnold, Sébastien M. R.
name: Ben-Iwhiwhu, Ese
name: Brna, Andrew P.
name: Brooks, Ethan
name: Brown, Ryan C.
name: Daniels, Zachary
name: Daram, Anurag
name: Delattre, Fabien
name: Dellana, Ryan
name: Eaton, Eric
name: Fu, Haotian
name: Grauman, Kristen
name: Hostetler, Jesse
name: Iqbal, Shariq
name: Kent, Cassandra
name: Ketz, Nicholas
name: Kolouri, Soheil
name: Konidaris, George
name: Kudithipudi, Dhireesha
name: Learned-Miller, Erik
name: Lee, Seungwon
name: Littman, Michael L.
name: Madireddy, Sandeep
name: Mendez, Jorge A.
name: Nguyen, Eric Q.
name: Piatko, Christine D.
name: Pilly, Praveen K.
name: Raghavan, Aswin
name: Rahman, Abrar
name: Ramakrishnan, Santhosh Kumar
name: Ratzlaff, Neale
name: Soltoggio, Andrea
name: Stone, Peter
name: Sur, Indranil
name: Tang, Zhipeng
name: Tiwari, Saket
name: Vedder, Kyle
name: Wang, Felix
name: Xu, Zifan
name: Yanguas-Gil, Angel
name: Yedidsion, Harel
name: Yu, Shangqun
name: Vallabha, Gautam K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the advancement of machine learning techniques in recent years, state-of-the-art systems lack robustness to "real world" events, where the input distributions and tasks encountered by the deployed systems will not be limited to the original training context, and systems will instead need to adapt to novel distributions and tasks while deployed. This critical gap may be addressed through the development of "Lifelong Learning" systems that are capable of 1) Continuous Learning, 2) Transfer and Adaptation, and 3) Scalability. Unfortunately, efforts to improve these capabilities are typically treated as distinct areas of research that are assessed independently, without regard to the impact of each separate capability on other aspects of the system. We instead propose a holistic approach, using a suite of metrics and an evaluation framework to assess Lifelong Learning in a principled way that is agnostic to specific domains or system techniques. Through five case studies, we show that this suite of metrics can inform the development of varied and complex Lifelong Learning systems. We highlight how the proposed suite of metrics quantifies performance trade-offs present during Lifelong Learning system development - both the widely discussed Stability-Plasticity dilemma and the newly proposed relationship between Sample Efficient and Robust Learning. Further, we make recommendations for the formulation and use of metrics to guide the continuing development of Lifelong Learning systems and assess their progress in the future.
description: To appear in Neural Networks
The second set of pulsar discoveries by CHIME/FRB/Pulsar: 14 Rotating Radio Transients and 7 pulsars
Creators: name: Dong, Fengqiu Adam
name: Crowter, Kathryn
name: Meyers, Bradley W.
name: Pleunis, Ziggy
name: Stairs, Ingrid
name: Tan, Chia Min
name: Yu, Tinyau Timothy
name: Boyle, Patrick J.
name: Cook, Amanda M.
name: Fonseca, Emmanuel
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Good, Deborah C.
name: Kaspi, Victoria
name: McKee, James W.
name: Patel, Chitrang
name: Pearlman, Aaron B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Canadian Hydrogen Mapping Experiment (CHIME) is a radio telescope located in British Columbia, Canada. The large FOV allows CHIME/FRB to be an exceptional pulsar and Rotating Radio Transient (RRAT) finding machine, despite saving only the metadata of incoming Galactic events. We have developed a pipeline to search for pulsar/RRAT candidates using DBSCAN, a clustering algorithm. Follow-up observations are then scheduled with the more sensitive CHIME/Pulsar instrument capable of near-daily high time resolution spectra observations. We have developed the CHIME/Pulsar Single Pulse Pipeline to automate the processing of CHIME/Pulsar search-mode data. We report the discovery of 21 new Galactic sources, with 14 RRATs, 6 isolated long-period pulsars and 1 binary system. Owing to CHIME/Pulsar's observations we have obtained timing solutions for 8 of the 14 RRATs along with all the regular pulsars and the binary system. Notably we report that the binary system is in a long orbit of 412 days with a minimum companion mass of 0.1303 solar masses and no evidence of an optical companion within 10" of the pulsar position. This highlights that working synergistically with CHIME/FRB's large survey volume CHIME/Pulsar can obtain arc second localisations for low burst rate RRATs though pulsar timing. We find that the properties of our newly discovered RRATs are consistent with those of the presently known population. They tend to have lower burst rates than those found in previous surveys, which is likely due to survey bias rather than the underlying population.
Supplementary document for Deterministic vortices evolving from partially coherent fields - 6539605.pdf
Creators: name: Miao, Wenrui
name: Zhang, Yongtao
name: Gbur, Gregory
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In this supplemental material, we show a detailed derivation process of the cross-spectral density (CSD) along propagation, which is Eq. (18) in the original manuscript.
A Two Qubit Logic Gate in Silicon
Creators: name: Veldhorst, M.
name: Yang, C. H.
name: Hwang, J. C. C.
name: Huang, W.
name: Dehollain, J. P.
name: Muhonen, J. T.
name: Simmons, S.
name: Laucht, A.
name: Hudson, F. E.
name: Itoh, K. M.
name: Morello, A.
name: Dzurak, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computation requires qubits that can be coupled and realized in a scalable manner, together with universal and high-fidelity one- and two-qubit logic gates \cite{DiVincenzo2000, Loss1998}. Strong effort across several fields have led to an impressive array of qubit realizations, including trapped ions \cite{Brown2011}, superconducting circuits \cite{Barends2014}, single photons\cite{Kok2007}, single defects or atoms in diamond \cite{Waldherr2014, Dolde2014} and silicon \cite{Muhonen2014}, and semiconductor quantum dots \cite{Veldhorst2014}, all with single qubit fidelities exceeding the stringent thresholds required for fault-tolerant quantum computing \cite{Fowler2012}. Despite this, high-fidelity two-qubit gates in the solid-state that can be manufactured using standard lithographic techniques have so far been limited to superconducting qubits \cite{Barends2014}, as semiconductor systems have suffered from difficulties in coupling qubits and dephasing \cite{Nowack2011, Brunner2011, Shulman2012}. Here, we show that these issues can be eliminated altogether using single spins in isotopically enriched silicon\cite{Itoh2014} by demonstrating single- and two-qubit operations in a quantum dot system using the exchange interaction, as envisaged in the original Loss-DiVincenzo proposal \cite{Loss1998}. We realize CNOT gates via either controlled rotation (CROT) or controlled phase (CZ) operations combined with single-qubit operations. Direct gate-voltage control provides single-qubit addressability, together with a switchable exchange interaction that is employed in the two-qubit CZ gate. The speed of the two-qubit CZ operations is controlled electrically via the detuning energy and we find that over 100 two-qubit gates can be performed within a two-qubit coherence time of 8 \textmu s, thereby satisfying the criteria required for scalable quantum computation.
Semiclassical kinetic theory for systems with non-trivial quantum geometry and the expectation value of physical quantities
Creators: name: Valet, Thierry
name: Raimondi, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the Keldysh theory, for a general low energy $N$-band Hamiltonian in the clean limit, we perform a manifestly $\smash{U(1) \times SU(N)}$ gauge invariant semiclassical expansion. A generalized Berry curvature tensor is shown to control a redistribution of spectral weights. New expressions for certain physical quantities ensue, establishing the limits of a previously proposed correction to the density of states. In the two-band case, we derive a completely general semiclassical kinetic theory including all $O(\hbar)$ quantum corrections. As an application, we show how one can recover, out of a single simple calculation, the chiral anomaly, intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity and chiral magnetic effect, in all generality. The demonstrated flexibility and efficiency of our formalism derives from the insulation it provides from the underlying complexity of the quantum kinetics, notwithstanding its rigorous connection to this deeper level.
description: Final version, including in particular i) a more pedagogical presentation of the theoretical underpinning of our theory, ii) a revised application section providing a unified derivation of the chiral anomaly, intrinsic anomalous hall effect and chiral magnetic effect for a general two-band Hamiltonian
title: Ασφένδου, η σύγχρονη έκφραση της λιτότητας στα κελύφη του χθες
title: Asfendou, the modern expression of austerity in the building shells of the past
Creators: name: Χριστοδουλακης Κωνσταντινος
name: Λαμπριδη Διονυσια-Καλλιοπη
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Στο οικιστικό πλέγμα του Ασφένδου συμπεριλαμβάνονται  το πλούσιο φυσικό ανάγλυφο, οι οικίες που αποπνέουν ασκητική λιτότητα, τα συμπλέγματα κτισμάτων που συνθέτουν τις γειτονιές και  πεζοπορικές διαδρομές. Τα περισσότερα σπίτια είναι εγκαταλελειμμένα με αρκετά από αυτά να έχουν σημαντικές φθορές από το χρόνο. Μόνο λίγα έχουν αποκατασταθεί, για παραθερισμό τους θερινούς μήνες. Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία επιδιώκει να συμβάλλει σε έναν ανοιχτό διάλογο μεταξύ της στεγασμένης τραχιάς ζωής της Κρητικής υπαίθρου του παρελθόντος και της σύγχρονης αντίληψης του λιτού βίου. Επιχειρεί μέσω της επαναδιατύπωσης του χώρου να υπηρετήσει προσταγές του σήμερα  υιοθετώντας μία γραφή που επιθυμεί να διατηρεί ζωντανά όλα όσα πηγάζουν από τον ίδιο τον τόπο και την ανθρώπινη αλληλεπίδραση με αυτόν.
TESS hunt for young and maturing exoplanets (THYME). IV. Three small planets orbiting a 120 Myr old star in the pisces-eridanus stream
Creators: name: Benkhaldoun, Z.
name: Ricker, G.R.
name: Levine, A.M.
name: Torres, G.
name: Smith, J.C.
name: Morales, F.Y.
name: Kreidberg, L.
name: Quintana, E.V.
name: Hesse, K.
name: Cloutier, R.
name: Kane, S.R.
name: Ziegler, C.
name: Law, N.
name: Stockdale, C.
name: Gorjian, V.
name: Briceño, C.
name: Guerrero, N.M.
name: Christiansen, J.L.
name: Collins, K.A.
name: Jensen, E.L.N.
name: Villeneuva, S.
name: Twicken, J.D.
name: Thao, P.C.
name: Spencer, A.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Seager, S.
name: Hawkins, K.
name: Hellier, C.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Benneke, B.
name: Livingston, J.H.
name: Collins, K.I.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Zhou, G.
name: Tan, T.-G.
name: Quinn, S.N.
name: Dragomir, D.
name: Jenkins, J.M.
name: Tofflemire, B.M.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Ciardi, D.R.
name: Newton, E.R.
name: Crossfield, I.J.M.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Shiao, B.
name: Conti, D.M.
name: Pearce, L.A.
name: Werner, M.W.
name: Soubkiou, A.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Wood, M.L.
name: Curtis, J.L.
Publisher: name: American Astronomical Society
Year: 2021

description: Young exoplanets can offer insight into the evolution of planetary atmospheres, compositions, and architectures. We present the discovery of the young planetary system TOI 451 (TIC 257605131, Gaia DR2 4844691297067063424). TOI 451 is a member of the 120 Myr old Pisces-Eridanus stream (Psc-Eri). We confirm membership in the stream with its kinematics, its lithium abundance, and the rotation and UV excesses of both TOI 451 and its wide-binary companion, TOI 451 B (itself likely anM-dwarf binary).We identified three candidate planets transiting in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data and followed up the signals with photometry from Spitzer and ground-based telescopes. The system comprises three validated planets at periods of 1.9, 9.2, and 16 days, with radii of 1.9, 3.1, and 4.1 R⊗, respectively. The host star is near-solar mass with V=11.0 and H = 9.3 and displays an infrared excess indicative of a debris disk. The planets offer excellent prospects for transmission spectroscopy with the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope, providing the opportunity to study planetary atmospheres that may still be in the process of evolving.
Deterministic quantum search with adjustable parameters: implementations and applications
Creators: name: Li, Guanzhong
name: Li, Lvzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grover's algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over classical algorithms to search for marked elements in an unstructured database. The original algorithm is probabilistic, returning a marked element with bounded error. There are several schemes to achieve the deterministic version, by using the generalized Grover's iteration $G(α,β):=S_r(β)\, S_o(α)$ composed of phase oracle $S_o(α)$ and phase rotation $S_r(β)$. However, in all the existing schemes the value range of $α$ and $β$ is limited; for instance, in the three early schemes $α$ and $β$ are determined by the proportion of marked states $M/N$. In this paper, we break through this limitation by presenting a search framework with adjustable parameters, which allows $α$ or $β$ to be arbitrarily given. The significance of the framework lies not only in the expansion of mathematical form, but also in its application value, as we present two disparate problems which we are able to solve deterministically using the proposed framework, whereas previous schemes are ineffective.
description: The title and the abstract have been slightly revised
Two-photon interference with two independent and tunable single-mode continuous-wave lasers
Creators: name: Liu, Jianbin
name: Wei, Dong
name: Chen, Hui
name: Zhou, Yu
name: Zheng, Huaibin
name: Gao, Hong
name: Li, Fu-li
name: Xu, Zhuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second-order temporal interference between two independent single-mode continuous-wave lasers is discussed by employing two-photon interference in Feynman's path integral theory. It is concluded that whether the second-order temporal interference pattern can be retrieved via two-photon coincidence counting measurement is dependent on the relationship between the resolution time of the detection system and the frequency difference between these two lasers. Two identical and tunable single-mode diode lasers are employed to verify the predictions experimentally. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. These studies are helpful to understand the physics of two-photon interference with photons of different spectrums and application of two-photon interference in quantum information processing.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Submitted for publication and comments are welcome
A CASE REPORT OF EXCISION OF GIANT JUVENILE FIBROADENOMA IN YOUNG FEMALE BY SWISS ROLE TECHNIQUE
Creators: name: Dr. Dewat Ram Nakipuria
name: Dr. Vikram Singh Chauhan
name: Dr. Kunal Kanwar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gıant Fibroadenoma, Juvenıle Fibroadenama, Swıss Roll Technıque, Benıgn Breast Lump.

description: Abstract
Background:Giant Juvenile Fibroadenomas  are rare variety of fibroadenama usually occurring in young Girls aged 12 to 20 Yrs.They are characterised by massive,rapid enlargement of breast with a rubbery,irregular margined and surfaced,mobile,non tender mass causing obvious breast deformity.Surgical excision is the only treatment modality scientifically and to sooth very tensed patient & family.Considering cosmesis in young females,we remove the  tumor through cosmetically acceptable circumaerolar incision to maintain the shape & symmetry of breast by swiss roll technique for the excision of giant fibroadenomas which prooved to be very useful in postoperative follow up.
The LHC Higgs Boson Discovery: Implications for Finite Unified Theories
Creators: name: Heinemeyer, S.
name: Mondragon, M.
name: Zoupanos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite Unified Theories (FUTs) are N = 1 supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) which can be made finite to all-loop orders, based on the principle of reduction of couplings, and therefore are provided with a large predictive power. We confront the predictions of an SU(5) FUT with the top and bottom quark masses and other low-energy experimental constraints, resulting in a relatively heavy SUSY spectrum, naturally consistent with the non-observation of those particles at the LHC. The light Higgs boson mass is automatically predicted in the range compatible with the Higgs discovery at the LHC. Requiring a light Higgs-boson mass in the precise range of M_h = 125.6 +- 2.1 GeV favors the lower part of the allowed spectrum, resulting in clear predictions for the discovery potential at current and future pp, as well as future e+e- colliders.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures, review prepared for IJMPA
Giant switchable Rashba effect in oxide heterostructures
Creators: name: Zhong, Zhicheng
name: Si, Liang
name: Zhang, Qinfang
name: Yin, Wei-Guo
name: Yunoki, Seiji
name: Held, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most fundamental phenomena and a reminder of the electron's relativistic nature is the Rashba spin splitting for broken inversion symmetry. Usually this splitting is a tiny relativistic correction, hardly discernible in experiment. Interfacing a ferroelectric, BaTiO$_3$, and a heavy 5$d$ metal with a large spin-orbit coupling, Ba(Os,Ir)O$_3$, we show that giant Rashba spin splittings are indeed possible and even fully controllable by an external electric field. Based on density functional theory and a microscopic tight binding understanding, we conclude that the electric field is amplified and stored as a ferroelectric Ti-O distortion which, through the network of oxygen octahedra, also induces a large Os-O distortion. The BaTiO$_3$/BaOsO$_3$ heterostructure is hence the ideal test station for studying the fundamentals of the Rashba effect. It allows intriguing application such as the Datta-Das transistor to operate at room temperature.
description: This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article:Giant switchable Rashba effect in oxide heterostructures, advanced materials interfaces 2015, 1400445, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201400445
Augmenting a Physics-Informed Neural Network for the 2D Burgers Equation by Addition of Solution Data Points
Creators: name: Mathias, Marlon Sproesser
name: de Almeida, Wesley Pereira
name: de Barros, Marcel Rodrigues
name: Coelho, Jefferson Fialho
name: de Freitas, Lucas Palmiro
name: Moreno, Felipe Marino
name: Netto, Caio Fabricio Deberaldini
name: Cozman, Fabio Gagliardi
name: Costa, Anna Helena Reali
name: Tannuri, Eduardo Aoun
name: Gomi, Edson Satoshi
name: Dottori, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We implement a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) for solving the two-dimensional Burgers equations. This type of model can be trained with no previous knowledge of the solution; instead, it relies on evaluating the governing equations of the system in points of the physical domain. It is also possible to use points with a known solution during training. In this paper, we compare PINNs trained with different amounts of governing equation evaluation points and known solution points. Comparing models that were trained purely with known solution points to those that have also used the governing equations, we observe an improvement in the overall observance of the underlying physics in the latter. We also investigate how changing the number of each type of point affects the resulting models differently. Finally, we argue that the addition of the governing equations during training may provide a way to improve the overall performance of the model without relying on additional data, which is especially important for situations where the number of known solution points is limited.
description: This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this contribution is published in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNAI,volume 13654), and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21689-3_28
Cosmological consequences of first-order general-relativistic viscous fluid dynamics
Creators: name: Bemfica, Fábio S.
name: Disconzi, Marcelo M.
name: Noronha, Jorge
name: Scherrer, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of viscous fluids in a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker cosmology using the most general causal and stable viscous energy-momentum tensor defined at first order in spacetime derivatives. In this new framework a pressureless viscous fluid having density $ρ$ can evolve to an asymptotic future solution in which the Hubble parameter approaches a constant while $ρ\rightarrow 0$, even in the absence of a cosmological constant (i.e., $Λ= 0$). Thus, while viscous effects in this model drive an accelerated expansion of the universe, the density of the viscous component itself vanishes, leaving behind only the acceleration. This behavior emerges as a consequence of causality in first-order theories of relativistic fluid dynamics and it is fully consistent with Einstein's equations.
description: 14 pages, no figures, references updated, discussion added
title: UCN Perspektiv, Nr. 13 (2023): Fysisk aktivitet
title: Fysisk aktivitet
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: UCN Perspektiv
Publisher: name: UCN Perspektiv
Year: 2023

description: Denne udgivelse af UCN Perspektiv sætter spot på de sundhedsmæssige aspekter ved fysisk aktivitet. Artiklerne i dette tema er skrevet med sigte på læsere både med og uden en sundhedsmæssig baggrund. Samtidig kan artiklerne være interessante for studerende på UCN – primært studerende på sundhedsuddannelserne. Artiklerne er skrevet ud fra den betragtning, at et nedsat fysisk aktivitetsniveau er hyppigt forekommende, og at det har negative sundhedsmæssige konsekvenser. Det anerkendes dog, at enkelte mennesker er ekstremt aktive, og at disse vil have sundhedsmæssige gevinster ved at nedsætte deres aktivitetsniveau. Problematikker vedrørende de ekstremt fysisk aktive er ikke medtaget i dette temanummer.
description: Dansk oversættelse og validering af Excercise Benefits/Barriers Scale...49-57 Når fysisk aktivitet er svært...38-48 Barriers to and facilitators for involving clinical staff members in managing patients with musculoskeletal disorders in general practice...32-37 Fysisk aktivitet i hverdagsrehabiliteringsforløb til hjemmeboende ældre...23-31 Evidensbaseret praksis - en perspektiverende holdningsartikel...16-22 Fysisk aktivitet som forebyggelse og behandling...6-15 Forord...4-5
TOI-811b and TOI-852b: New transiting brown dwarfs with similar masses and very different radii and ages from the TESS mission
Creators: name: Collins, K.A.
name: Shporer, A.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Carmichael, T.W.
name: Ricker, G.R.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Kielkopf, J.F.
name: Fausnaugh, M.
name: Brasseur, C.E.
name: Schwarz, R.P.
name: Stassun, K.G.
name: Vanderburg, A.M.
name: Jenkins, J.M.
name: Colon, K.D.
name: Furész, G.
name: Lund, M.B.
name: Ziegler, C.
name: Irwin, J.M.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Eastman, J.D.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Quinn, S.N.
name: Tenenbaum, P.
name: Law, N.
name: Wood, M.L.
name: Huang, C.
name: Caldwell, D.A.
name: Briceño, C.
name: Charbonneau, D.
name: Fong, W.
name: Zhou, G.
name: Rodriguez, J.E.
name: Grieves, N.
Publisher: name: American Astronomical Society
Year: 2021

description: We report the discovery of two transiting brown dwarfs (BDs), TOI-811b and TOI-852b, from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission. These two transiting BDs have similar masses but very different radii and ages. Their host stars have similar masses, effective temperatures, and metallicities. The younger and larger transiting BD is TOI-811b at a mass of Mb = 59.9 ± 13.0MJ and radius of Rb = 1.26 ± 0.06RJ, and it orbits its host star in a period of P = 25.16551 ± 0.00004 days. We derive the host star's age of 93+61-29 Myr from an application of gyrochronology. The youth of this system, rather than external heating from its host star, is why this BD's radius is relatively large. This constraint on the youth of TOI-811b allows us to test substellar mass-radius evolutionary models at young ages where the radius of BDs changes rapidly. TOI-852b has a similar mass at Mb = 53.7 ± 1.4MJ but is much older (4 or 8 Gyr, based on bimodal isochrone results of the host star) and is also smaller with a radius of Rb = 0.83 ± 0.04RJ. TOI-852b's orbital period is P = 4.94561 ± 0.00008 days. TOI-852b joins the likes of other old transiting BDs that trace out the oldest substellar mass-radius evolutionary models where contraction of the BD's radius slows and approaches a constant value. Both host stars have a mass of M∗ = 1.32M⊙ ± 0.05 and differ in their radii, Teff, and [Fe/H], with TOI-811 having R∗ = 1.27 ± 0.09R⊙, Teff = 6107 ± 77 K, and [Fe/ H]=+0.40 ± 0.09 and TOI-852 having R∗ = 1.71 ± 0.04R⊙, Teff = 5768 ± 84 K, and [Fe/H]=+0.33 ± 0.09. We take this opportunity to examine how TOI-811b and TOI-852b serve as test points for young and old substellar isochrones, respectively.
Weak lensing reconstructions in 2D & 3D: implications for cluster studies
Creators: name: Leonard, Adrienne
name: Lanusse, Francois
name: Starck, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the efficiency with which 2D and 3D weak lensing mass mapping techniques are able to detect clusters of galaxies using two state-of-the-art mass reconstruction techniques: MRLens in 2D and GLIMPSE in 3D. We simulate otherwise-empty cluster fields for 96 different virial mass-redshift combinations spanning the ranges $3\times10^{13}h^{-1}M_\odot \le M_{vir}\le 10^{15}h^{-1}M_\odot$ and $0.05 \le z_{\rm cl} \le 0.75$, and for each generate 1000 realisations of noisy shear data in 2D and 3D. For each field, we then compute the cluster (false) detection rate as the mean number of cluster (false) detections per reconstruction over the sample of 1000 reconstructions. We show that both MRLens and GLIMPSE are effective tools for the detection of clusters from weak lensing measurements, and provide comparable quality reconstructions at low redshift. At high redshift, GLIMPSE reconstructions offer increased sensitivity in the detection of clusters, yielding cluster detection rates up to a factor of $\sim 10\times$ that seen in 2D reconstructions using MRLens. We conclude that 3D mass mapping techniques are more efficient for the detection of clusters of galaxies in weak lensing surveys than 2D methods, particularly since 3D reconstructions yield unbiased estimators of both the mass and redshift of the detected clusters directly.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
How to write a scoping review protocol: Guidance and template
Creators: name: Wickstrom, Jordan
name: Butera, Gisela
name: Lely, Justine
name: Livinski, Alicia A.
name: Morris, Hailey C.
name: Camarillo, Nathan D.
name: Sasson, Noa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: protocol
subject: scoping review
subject: evidence synthesis

description: A scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of a particular topic by synthesizing the breadth of evidence currently available. It has become an increasingly common approach to summarize the literature since its inception in 2005, and detailed approaches have since been developed to provide methodological and reporting guidance. Scoping reviews are intended to provide readers with key concepts and definitions, important insights regarding the topic of interest, knowledge gaps in the field, and a summary of how research has been conducted. They may serve as a precursor to systematic reviews conducted on larger, more homogeneous bodies of evidence, which often include more specific research questions, methodological appraisals, risk of bias assessments, and meta-analyses. This Scoping Review Protocol Guidance is intended to serve as an educational tool for those developing or reviewing scoping review protocols including novice, intermediate, and experienced researchers and clinicians. This document provides information for each core protocol component (see color-coded headings) consisting of overarching goals, core requirements, helpful tips, and published protocol examples. Please note these examples may not include all recommendations provided herein. When writing your protocol, this guidance is intended to be used in tandem with the Scoping Review Protocol Template, which includes headings and subheadings to insert relevant protocol information. Please refer to our bibliography for the list of resources used to create these documents.
Structural transitions, magnetic properties, and electronic structures of Co(Fe)-doped MnNiSi compounds
Creators: name: Li, Y.
name: Wei, Z. Y.
name: Liu, E. K.
name: Liu, G. D.
name: Wang, S. G.
name: Wang, W. H.
name: Wu, G. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural transitions, magnetic properties, and electronic structures of Co(Fe)-doped MnNiSi compounds are investigated by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), magnetic measurements, and first-principles calculations. Results indicate that all samples undergo a martensitic transition from the Ni2In-type parent phase to TiNiSi-type orthorhombic phase at high temperatures. The substitution of Co(Fe) for Mn in Mn1-xCoxNiSi (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) and Mn1-yFeyNiSi (y = 0.26, 0.30, 0.36, 0.46, 0.55) samples decreases the structural transition temperature (Tt) and Curie temperature of martensite (TCM). The martensite phases show a typical ferromagnetic behavior with saturation field (HS) being basically unchanged with increasing Co(Fe) content, while the saturation magnetization (MS) shows a decreasing tendency. The theoretically calculated moments are in good agreement with the experimentally measured results. The orbital hybridizations between different 3d elements are analyzed from the distribution of density of states.
description: 13 pages, 5 figs. Accepted by JAP
Collective Motion in Active Materials: Model Experiments
Creators: name: Dauchot, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In these lecture notes from the Les Houches School, we discuss collective motion in model experiments of active systems. We specifically discuss walking grains and colloidal rollers experiments. In both cases, we focus on the theoretical tools one can use to relate the knowledge of the dynamics at the particle scale to the large scale physics.
description: 28 pages, published as Ch3 in Active Matter and Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics Lecture Notes of the Les Houches Summer School: Volume 112, September 2018
The TESS-Keck survey. II. An ultra-short-period rocky planet and its siblings transiting the galactic thick-disk star TOI-561
Creators: name: Gonzales, E.J.
name: Fukui, A.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Huber, D.
name: Hill, M.L.
name: Eigmüller, P.
name: Christiansen, J.L.
name: Bryant, E.M.
name: Dai, F.
name: Chontos, A.
name: Roy, A.
name: Seager, S.
name: Schwarz, R.P.
name: Howard, A.W.
name: Murgas, F.
name: Acton, J.S.
name: Murphy, J.M.A.
name: Matthews, E.C.
name: Collins, K.I.
name: Ciardi, D.R.
name: Robertson, P.
name: Van Zandt, J.
name: Stassun, K.G.
name: Briceño, C.
name: Dalba, P.A.
name: Crossfield, I.J.M.
name: Beard, C.
name: Brewer, J.M.
name: Behmard, A.
name: Palle, E.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Jenkins, J.
name: Matson, R.A.
name: Rubenzahl, R.A.
name: Giacalone, S.
name: Lubin, J.
name: Kane, S.R.
name: Isaacson, H.
name: Mocnik, T.
name: Narita, N.
name: Rosenthal, L.J.
name: Ziegler, C.
name: Schlieder, J.E.
name: Evans, P.
name: Parviainen, H.
name: Claytor, Z.R.
name: Fulton, B.
name: Law, N.
name: Weiss, L.M.
name: Lund, M.B.
name: Gill, S.
name: Beichman, C.A.
name: MacDougall, M.G.
name: Twicken, J.D.
name: Tan, T.-G.
name: Jensen, E.L.N.
name: Dressing, C.
name: Kosiarek, M.R.
name: Chaushev, A.
name: Collins, K.A.
name: Petigura, E.A.
name: Ricker, G.
name: Batalha, N.M.
name: Howell, S.B.
Publisher: name: American Astronomical Society
Year: 2021

description: We report the discovery of TOI-561, a multiplanet system in the galactic thick disk that contains a rocky, ultrashort- period planet. This bright (V = 10.2) star hosts three small transiting planets identified in photometry from the NASA TESS mission: TOI-561 b (TOI-561.02, P = 0.44 days, Rp = 1.45 ± 0.11 R⊕), c (TOI-561.01, P = 10.8 days, Rp = 2.90 ± 0.13 R⊕), and d (TOI-561.03, P = 16.3 days, Rp = 2.32 ± 0.16 R⊕). The star is chemically ([Fe/ H] = -0.41 ± 0.05, [a/Fe]=+0.23 ± 0.05) and kinematically consistent with the galactic thick-disk population, making TOI-561 one of the oldest (10 ± 3 Gyr) and most metal-poor planetary systems discovered yet. We dynamically confirm planets b and c with radial velocities from the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Planet b has a mass and density of 3.2 ± 0.8M⊕ and 5.5+2.0-1.6g cm-3, consistent with a rocky composition. Its lower-than-average density is consistent with an iron-poor composition, although an Earth-like iron-to-silicates ratio is not ruled out. Planet c is 7.0 ± 2.3M⊕ and 1.6 ± 0.6 g cm-3, consistent with an interior rocky core overlaid with a low-mass volatile envelope. Several attributes of the photometry for planet d (which we did not detect dynamically) complicate the analysis, but we vet the planet with high-contrast imaging, groundbased photometric follow-up, and radial velocities. TOI-561 b is the first rocky world around a galactic thick-disk star confirmed with radial velocities and one of the best rocky planets for thermal emission studies.
BD+30$^\circ$549: young helium-weak silicon star in NGC 1333 star-forming region
Creators: name: Potravnov, I.
name: Mashonkina, L.
name: Ryabchikova, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of the spectroscopic study of the chemically peculiar star BD+30$^\circ$549 which is bona-fide member of young NGC 1333 star forming region. We found that the star possesses negligible rotation and helium-weak spectroscopic pattern with strongly enhanced Si II and Si III lines. The fundamental parameters of the star $T_{eff}$=13100~K and $\log (L/L_{\odot})$=2.1 indicate its age of about 2.7 Myr and position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram at the end of the Pre-Main Sequence evolutionary track, close to the Zero Age Main Sequence. Abundance analysis reveals the modest deficit of almost all elements with exception of Si, Fe, Ca and P which are overabundant. We performed the non-LTE calculations for Si II/Si III, Mg II and Ca II in order to check the influence of departures from LTE on line formation. Non-LTE calculations lead to much better reproduction of individual silicon line profiles, but does not completely remove the abundance discrepancy between Si II and Si III lines. We also investigate the effects of possible chemical stratification in BD+30$^\circ$549. We suspect that the "Si II/Si III anomaly", observed in BD+30$^\circ$549 spectrum arises under the combined action of the vertical and horizontal abundance gradients and non-LTE effects. We suppose that evolutionary status and phenomena observed in BD+30$^\circ$549 indicate that conditions favorable for the selective diffusion and formation of the surface chemical composition peculiarities (slow rotation and stabilization of the atmosphere) can be built up already at the Pre-Main Sequence phase.
TESS discovery of a super-earth and three sub-neptunes hosted by the bright, sunlike star HD 108236
Creators: name: Henze, C.E.
name: Bouma, L.G.
name: Badenas-Agusti, M.
name: Seager, S.
name: Ziegler, C.
name: Collins, K.A.
name: Crane, J.D.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Law, N.
name: Kielkopf, J.F.
name: Kristiansen, M.H.
name: Guerra, P.
name: Butler, R.P.
name: Anderson, D.R.
name: Huang, C.X.
name: Collins, K.I.
name: Howell, S.B.
name: Hellier, C.
name: Ricker, G.R.
name: Fulton, B.
name: Jenkins, J.M.
name: Ciardi, D.R.
name: Shporer, A.
name: Rackham, B.V.
name: Quintana, E.
name: Jontof, D.
name: Scott, N.
name: Soubkiou, A.
name: Charbonneau, D.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Briceño, C.
name: Schwarz, R.P.
name: Massey, B.
name: Terentev, I.A.
name: Kane, S.R.
name: Rodriguez, J.E.
name: Pinglé, K.
name: Ting, E.B.
name: Wright, J.
name: Mikal-Evans, T.
name: Shectman, S.A.
name: Cloutier, R.
name: Furesz, G.
name: Berta-Thompson, Z.K.
name: Furlan, E.
name: Zouhair, B.
name: Daylan, T.
name: Lissauer, J.J.
name: Quinn, S.N.
name: Teske, J.K.
name: Fong, W.
name: Matson, R.
name: Stassun, K.G.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Bastürk, Ö.
name: Morgan, E.H.
name: Schwengeler, H.M.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Jensen, E.L.N.
name: Twicken, J.D.
name: Günther, M.N.
name: Irwin, J.M.
Publisher: name: American Astronomical Society
Year: 2021

description: We report the discovery and validation of four extrasolar planets hosted by the nearby, bright, Sun-like (G3V) star HD 108236 using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We present transit photometry, reconnaissance, and precise Doppler spectroscopy, as well as high-resolution imaging, to validate the planetary nature of the objects transiting HD 108236, also known as the TESS Object of Interest (TOI) 1233. The innermost planet is a possibly rocky super-Earth with a period of 3.79523+0.00047-0.00044 days and has a radius of 1.586 ± 0.098 R⊗.The outer planets are sub-Neptunes, with potential gaseous envelopes, having radii of 2.068+0.10-0.091 R⊗, 2.72 ± 0.11 R⊗, and 3.12+0.13-0.12 R⊗ and periods of 6.20370+0.00064-0.00052 days, 14.17555+0.00099-0.0011 days, and 19.5917+0.0022-0.0020 days, respectively. With V and Ks magnitudes of 9.2 and 7.6, respectively, the bright host star makes the transiting planets favorable targets for mass measurements and, potentially, for atmospheric characterization via transmission spectroscopy. HD 108236 is the brightest Sun-like star in the visual (V ) band known to host four or more transiting exoplanets. The discovered planets span a broad range of planetary radii and equilibrium temperatures and share a common history of insolation from a Sun-like star (R∗ = 0.888 ± 0.017 R⊙, Teff = 5730 ± 50 K), making HD 108236 an exciting, opportune cosmic laboratory for testing models of planet formation and evolution.
Optical property measurements of lithium chloride aqueous solution for a novel solar neutrino experiment
Creators: name: Liang, Ye
name: Xu, Tong
name: Zhang, Jialiang
name: Li, Shuo
name: Qi, Ming
name: Wang, Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lithium chloride aqueous solution has great potential to be the detection medium of a novel solar neutrino detector. The nuclide \ce{^7 Li} provides a charged-current interaction channel with a high cross-section for the MeV-scale solar electron-neutrinos, enabling measurement of the solar neutrino spectrum. This work measures the optical properties and the light yields of a saturated lithium chloride solution. After adsorption with activated carbon and recrystallization, the solution shows little absorption in the sensitive wavelength range of the bialkali photomultipliers. The attenuation length is evaluated to reach 50 meters at 430 nm. In addition to being a pure Cherenkov detector medium, a wavelength shifter, carbostyril 124, is added to the LiCl aqueous solution. The compatibility and the enhancement of the light yield are confirmed, enabling the development of a water-based Cherenkov-enhanced lithium-rich detector.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Published version
Qubit Picture of Virtual Particles
Creators: name: Quinta, Gonçalo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that virtual particles, despite being unobservable, can be described by quantum operators which can be interpreted under certain conditions as valid qubit quantum states. For a single virtual fermion, we prove that such a state is a separable mixed 2-qubit state with a well-defined finite temperature. For spin-1 virtual bosons, we find them to be associated to 4-qubit operators which can be interpreted as quantum states for some gauges. We also study the creation of virtual pairs of fermions, where the pair is shown to be associated to an entangled 4-qubit operator, and show the corresponding quantum circuit. Finally, we prove that renormalization does not structurally affect these results. These findings represent new connections between quantum field theory, quantum information and quantum thermodynamics.
description: Published version in PRA. The paper was restructured with new sections added. The spin 1 boson and fermionic pair creation cases were introduced
A Brief Review on Syntheses, Structures and Applications of Nanoscrolls
Creators: name: Perim, E.
name: Machado, L. D.
name: Galvao, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoscrolls are papyrus-like nanostructures which present unique properties due to their open ended morphology. These properties can be exploited in a plethora of technological applications, leading to the design of novel and interesting devices. During the past decade, significant advances in the synthesis and characterization of these structures have been made, but many challenges still remain. In this mini review we provide an overview on their history, experimental synthesis methods, basic properties and application perspectives.
Autonomous Material Composite Morphing Wing
Creators: name: Morton, Daniel
name: Xu, Artemis
name: Matute, Alberto
name: Shepherd, Robert F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Aeronautics research has continually sought to achieve the adaptability and morphing performance of avian wings, but in practice, wings of all scales continue to use the same hinged control-surface embodiment. Recent research into compliant and bio-inspired mechanisms for morphing wings and control surfaces has indicated promising results, though often these are mechanically complex, or limited in the number of degrees-of-freedom (DOF) they can control. Seeking to improve on these limitations, we apply a new paradigm denoted Autonomous Material Composites to the design of avian-scale morphing wings. With this methodology, we reduce the need for complex actuation and mechanisms, and allow for three-dimensional placement of stretchable fiber optic strain gauges (Optical Lace) throughout the metamaterial structure. This structure centers around elastomeric conformal lattices, and by applying functionally-graded warping and thickening to this lattice, we allow for local tailoring of the compliance properties to fit the desired morphing. As a result, the wing achieves high-deformation morphing in three DOF: twist, camber, and extension/compression, with these morphed shapes effectively modifying the aerodynamic performance of the wing, as demonstrated in low-Reynolds wind tunnel testing. Our sensors also successfully demonstrate differentiable trends across all degrees of morphing, enabling the future state estimation and control of this wing.