cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A combined scanning tunneling microscope and scanning electron microscope
Creators: name: Coope, Robin J. N.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was developed to work in conjunction with a Hitachi S-4100 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). To achieve the necessary five degrees of freedom for sample and probe movement, an entirely mechanical method was used, employing pairs of parallelogram flexure hinges actuated by set screws driven through gear reduction. The STM was also configured such that the sample is mounted on the piezoelectric scanner and the probe is fixed. This allowed the sample to be positioned close to the objective aperture of the SEM. The role of the SEM was envisioned primarily as an alignment tool to position the STM probe over a region of interest on the sample. The STM would then complement the SEM by revealing different surface detail. The instrument was successfully used this way, to image small structures such as Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and Metal Oxide Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) grown GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures and long gate MOSFETs. It was also used to measure the depth of e-beam fabricated calibration pits. Two methods of STM lithography were investigated. Field evaporation of probe material produced mixed results, due in part to the experiments being done in vacuum. Field evaporation proved a useful method for clearing contamination from the probe. STM probe induced modification of passivated silicon surfaces was also investigated. A voltage threshold for depassivation was found and a model for formation of etch masks at positive polarity was proposed. Patterns were written and successfully transferred to the substrate by wet chemical etch. Lines were as thin as 20 nm, and up to 15 nm high. An important result of the lithography research was the discovery that the SEM could image depassivated regions at low accelerating voltages. This allowed some light to be cast on a number of STM imaging artifacts, as well as allowing precise calibration of imaging range. Artifacts included the effect of a finite tip radius on imaging steps and grooves, imaging on highly contaminated surfaces, multiple tips and dielectric material acquired by the probe near the tunneling junction. The effect of electron beam induced carbon deposition was investigated. The STM was used to measure the depth of thin carbon deposits. A deposition rate of between .6 and 2 nm/sec at 300,000X was found.
Conceivability Errors and the Role of Imagination in Symbolization
Creators: name: Oliveri, Lucia
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

n the years 1675-84, Leibniz sought to disprove Descartes’s account of clear and distinct perception by implementing a three-step argumentative strategy. The first part of the paper reconstructs the argument and highlights what aspects of Descartes’s epistemology it addresses. The reconstruction shows that the argument is based on conceivability errors. These are a kind of symbolic cognition that prove Descartes’s clear and distinct perception as introspectively indistinguishable from Leibniz’s symbolic cognition. The second part of the paper explores the epistemic implication of the indistinguishability between clear and distinct perception and symbolic cognition: the mind constitutively depends on products of the imagination. My conclusion addresses the role of the imagination in symbolization. Symbolization does not exceed imagination; it rather is an idealized use of cognitive surrogates, like characters, to submit to the imagination what is not subject to it.

description: JOLMA
Nonlinear Saturation of g-modes in Proto-Neutron Stars: Quieting the Acoustic Engine
Creators: name: Weinberg, Nevin N.
name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to Burrows et al.'s acoustic mechanism for core-collapse supernova explosions, the primary, l=1, g-mode in the core of the proto-neutron star is excited to an energy of ~ 10^{50} ergs and damps by the emission of sound waves. Here we calculate the damping of the primary mode by the parametric instability, i.e., by nonlinear, 3-mode coupling between the low-order primary mode and pairs of high-order g-modes. We show that the primary mode is strongly coupled to highly resonant, neutrino damped pairs with n>10; such short wavelength interactions cannot be resolved in the simulations. We find that the parametric instability saturates the primary mode energy at ~10^{48} ergs, well below the energy needed to drive an explosion. We therefore conclude that acoustic power is unlikely to be energetically significant in core-collapse supernova explosions.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, fixed minor typos, matches version published in MNRAS Letters
Extremal Black Holes in Supergravity
Creators: name: Andrianopoli, Laura
name: D'Auria, Riccardo
name: Ferrara, Sergio
name: Trigiante, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the main features of the physics of extremal black holes embedded in supersymmetric theories of gravitation, with a detailed analysis of the attractor mechanism for BPS and non-BPS black-hole solutions in four dimensions.
description: Typos corrected, some points clarified
Pure moving optical media consisting of magnetochiral metasurfaces
Creators: name: Kodama, Toshiyuki
name: Nakanishi, Toshihiro
name: Sawada, Kei
name: Tomita, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report numerical studies of microwave bianisotropies by magnetochiral (MCh) metasurfaces consisting of double Z-type gammadions with perpendicularly magnetized substrates. The metasurfaces' effective polarizability tensor, extracted from calculated reflection and transmission coefficients, has components of the non-reciprocal moving-type bianisotropy as well as the reciprocal chiral-type bianisotropy and non-reciprocal magneto-optical (MO) effect. Combination of the metasurfaces with contraposition MCh metasurfaces cancels both the chiral-type bianisotropy and MO effect, resulting in pure moving optical media. Achieved perfect transmission with phase difference of $π$ realizes an ideal gyrator for arbitrary spatial and polarization modes.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Quantum effects in gravitational wave signals from cuspy superstrings
Creators: name: Chialva, Diego
name: Damour, Thibault
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gravitational emission, in Superstring Theory, from fundamental strings exhibiting cusps. The classical computation of the gravitational radiation signal from cuspy strings features strong bursts in the special null directions associated to the cusps. We perform a quantum computation of the gravitational radiation signal from a cuspy string, as measured in a gravitational wave detector using matched filtering and located in the special null direction associated to the cusp. We study the quantum statistics (expectation value and variance) of the measured filtered signal and find that it is very sharply peaked around the classical prediction. Ultimately, this result follows from the fact that the detector is a low-pass filter which is blind to the violent high-frequency quantum fluctuations of both the string worldsheet, and the incoming gravitational field.
description: 16 pages, no figure
Renormalization group theory for the phase field crystal equation
Creators: name: Athreya, Badrinarayan P.
name: Goldenfeld, Nigel
name: Dantzig, Jonathan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a set of rotationally covariant amplitude equations for use in multiscale simulation of the two dimensional phase field crystal (PFC) model by a variety of renormalization group (RG) methods. We show that the presence of a conservation law introduces an ambiguity in operator ordering in the RG procedure, which we show how to resolve. We compare our analysis with standard multiple scales techniques, where identical results can be obtained with greater labor, by going to sixth order in perturbation theory, and by assuming the correct scaling of space and time.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Group connectivity and group coloring: small groups versus large groups
Creators: name: Langhede, Rikke
name: Thomassen, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15, 05C21

description: A well-known result of Tutte says that if Gamma is an Abelian group and G is a graph having a nowhere-zero Gamma-flow, then G has a nowhere-zero Gamma'-flow for each Abelian group Gamma' whose order is at least the order of Gamma. Jaeger, Linial, Payan, and Tarsi observed that this does not extend to their more general concept of group connectivity. Motivated by this we define g(k) as the least number such that, if G is Gamma-connected for some Abelian group Gamma of order k, then G is also Gamma'-connected for every Abelian group Gamma' of order |Gamma'| > g(k). We prove that g(k) exists and satisfies for infinitely many k, (2 - o(1))k < g(k) <= 8k^3 + 1. The upper bound holds for all k. Analogously, we define h(k) as the least number such that, if G is Gamma-colorable for some Abelian group Gamma of order k, then G is also Gamma'-colorable for every Abelian group Gamma' of order |Gamma'| > h(k). Then h(k) exists and satisfies for infinitely many k, (2 - o(1))k < h(k) < (2 + o(1))k ln(k). The upper bound (for all k) follows from a result of Král', Pangrác, and Voss. The lower bound follows by duality from our lower bound on g(k) as that bound is demonstrated by planar graphs.
description: 13 pages
High-coherence superconducting qubits made using industry-standard, advanced semiconductor manufacturing
Creators: name: Van Damme, Jacques
name: Massar, Shana
name: Acharya, Rohith
name: Ivanov, Tsvetan
name: Lozano, Daniel Perez
name: Canvel, Yann
name: Demarets, Mael
name: Vangoidsenhoven, Diziana
name: Hermans, Yannick
name: Lai, Ju-Geng
name: Rao, Vadiraj
name: Mongillo, Massimo
name: Wan, Danny
name: De Boeck, Jo
name: Potocnik, Anton
name: De Greve, Kristiaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of superconducting qubit technology has shown great potential for the construction of practical quantum computers. As the complexity of quantum processors continues to grow, the need for stringent fabrication tolerances becomes increasingly critical. Utilizing advanced industrial fabrication processes could facilitate the necessary level of fabrication control to support the continued scaling of quantum processors. However, these industrial processes are currently not optimized to produce high coherence devices, nor are they a priori compatible with the commonly used approaches to make superconducting qubits. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time superconducting transmon qubits manufactured in a 300 mm CMOS pilot line, using industrial fabrication methods, with resulting relaxation and coherence times already exceeding 100 microseconds. We show across-wafer, large-scale statistics studies of coherence, yield, variability, and aging that confirm the validity of our approach. The presented industry-scale fabrication process, using exclusively optical lithography and reactive ion etching, shows performance and yield similar to the conventional laboratory-style techniques utilizing metal lift-off, angled evaporation, and electron-beam writing. Moreover, it offers potential for further upscaling by including three-dimensional integration and additional process optimization using advanced metrology and judicious choice of processing parameters and splits. This result marks the advent of more reliable, large-scale, truly CMOS-compatible fabrication of superconducting quantum computing processors.
description: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures. bibliography: 55 references. supplement: 8 sections, 8 figures, 2 tables
Fermat's principle in black-hole spacetimes
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black-hole spacetimes are known to possess closed light rings. We here present a remarkably compact theorem which reveals the physically intriguing fact that these unique null circular geodesics provide the {\it fastest} way, as measured by asymptotic observers, to circle around spinning Kerr black holes.
description: 5 pages. This essay received an Honorable Mention in the 2018 Essay Competition of the Gravity Research Foundation
Trajectory-dependent electronic excitations by light and heavy ions around and below the Bohr velocity
Creators: name: Lohmann, Svenja
name: Holeňák, Radek
name: Primetzhofer, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experiments demonstrating trajectory-dependent electronic excitations at low ion velocities, where ions are expected to primarily interact with delocalized valence electrons. The energy loss of H$^+$, H$_2 ^+$, He$^+$, B$^+$, N$^+$, Ne$^+$, $^{28/29}$Si$^+$ and Ar$^+$ in self-supporting silicon membranes was analysed along channelled and random trajectories in a transmission approach. For all ions, we observe a difference in electronic stopping dependent on crystal orientation. For heavier ions, the energy-loss difference between channelling and random geometry is generally found more pronounced, and, in contrast to protons, increases for decreasing ion energy. Due to the inefficiency of core-electron excitations at employed ion velocities, we explain these results by reionization events occurring in close collisions of ions with target atoms, which are heavily suppressed for channelled trajectories. These processes result in trajectory-dependent mean charge states, which strongly affects the energy loss. The strength of the effect seems to exhibit a Z$_1$ oscillation with an observed minimum for Ne. We, furthermore, demonstrate that the simplicity of our experimental geometry leads to results that can serve as excellent benchmark systems for dynamic calculations of the electronic systems of solids using time-dependent density functional theory.
Bayesian Galaxy Shape Measurement for Weak Lensing Surveys -II. Application to Simulations
Creators: name: Kitching, T. D.
name: Miller, L.
name: Heymans, C. E.
name: van Waerbeke, L.
name: Heavens, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Bayesian model fitting shape measurement method presented in Miller et al. (2007) and use the method to estimate the shear from the Shear TEsting Programme simulations (STEP). The method uses a fast model fitting algorithm which uses realistic galaxy profiles and analytically marginalises over the position and amplitude of the model by doing the model fitting in Fourier space. This is used to find the full posterior probability in ellipticity so that the shear can be estimated in a fully Bayesian way. The Bayesian shear estimation allows measurement bias arising from the presence of random noise to be removed. In this paper we introduce an iterative algorithm that can be used to estimate the intrinsic ellipticity prior and show that this is accurate and stable. By using the method to estimate the shear from the STEP1 simulations we find the method to have a shear bias of m ~ 0.005 and a variation in shear offset with PSF type of sigma_c ~ 0.0002. These values are smaller than for any method presented in the STEP1 publication that behaves linearly with shear. Using the method to estimate the shear from the STEP2 simulations we find than the shear bias and offset are m ~ 0.002 and c ~ -0.0007 respectively. In addition we find that the bias and offset are stable to changes in magnitude and size of the galaxies. Such biases should yield any cosmological constraints from future weak lensing surveys robust to systematic effects in shape measurement.
description: 19 pages, 11 Figures, 2 Tables, submitted to MNRAS. Companion paper to Miller et al. (2007) arXiv:0708.2340
Leibniz on the Frege Point
Creators: name: Rauzy, Jean-Baptiste
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

In the debate on the Frege Point, the ‘Spinoza thesis’ is often mentioned. But Leibniz is kept out. Yet, on this topic, Spinoza and Leibniz shared a fairly similar goal. They sought to root the assertive force in the conceptual activity of the subject. But Leibniz, unlike Spinoza, wanted also to build a coherent theory of propositions. Propositions are for him always provided with assertive force. But what is affirmed by the propositions of logic is only a possibility – the possibility of the conceptual link they express. Stronger assertions require something more: a mark of actuality, a modal symbol in logic or the use of notae or particulae which belong to natural languages. Leibniz does not modify his conception of propositions in his “analysis particularum”. He tries to understand what we do when we use them in various contexts. The Leibnizian proposition is neutral, but it is not forceless. Since it is not forceless, there is no need to appeal to an external act or to a judgment. Leibniz thinks, like most of the authors of the Aristotelian tradition, that the proposition contains the act of judging. Since it is neutral, there is no need to venture into the many difficulties raised by cancellation to account for the force/content relation in the conditional, disjunctive or fictional contexts.

description: JOLMA
落實資訊教育 縮短城鄉差距.pdf
Creators: name: Hung-Chun Huang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130202 Curriculum and Pedagogy Theory and Development
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: 「落實資訊教育 縮短城鄉差距」--資訊造就了什麼？談科技反省
Novel Dipole-Lattice coupling in the Quantum-Spin-Liquid Material $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$
Creators: name: Liebman, Jesse
name: Miyagawa, Kazuya
name: Kanoda, Kazushi
name: Drichko, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A family of molecular Mott insulators on triangular lattice provided a few S=1/2 triangular quantum spin liquid candidates, with $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$ being the most studied material of this group. The large number experimental works present a conflicting set of evidence, with some suggesting spin liquid behavior, while others point towards a valence bond solid with orphan spins. In this work we use Raman scattering spectroscopy to probe both local charge on molecular sites and lattice phonons as a function of temperature down to 6~K. Based on the analysis of the line shape of the BEDT-TTF charge sensitive vibration $ν_2$ on cooling below 40 K, we suggest a development of disordered fluctuating charge disproportionation on (BEDT-TTF)$_2$ dimers of amplitude as small as 0.06$e$. The lattice phonons show strong anomalous broadening on cooling only in the (c,c) scattering channel, associated with the developing charge disproportionation. We suggest an interpretation, where the coupling of disordered charge dipoles on dimers to the lattice results in anisotropic modulation of charge transfer integrals between dimer lattice sites. Such fluctuations would result in modulation of magnetic coupling between spins which can produce fluctuating charge ordered spin-singlet pairs.
Finite Representability of Semigroups with Demonic Refinement
Creators: name: Hirsch, Robin
name: Šemrl, Jaš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Composition and demonic refinement $\sqsubseteq$ of binary relations are defined by \begin{align*} (x, y)\in (R;S)&\iff \exists z((x, z)\in R\wedge (z, y)\in S) R\sqsubseteq S&\iff (dom(S)\subseteq dom(R) \wedge R\restriction_{dom(S)}\subseteq S) \end{align*} where $dom(S)=\{x:\exists y (x, y)\in S\}$ and $R\restriction_{dom(S)}$ denotes the restriction of $R$ to pairs $(x, y)$ where $x\in dom(S)$. Demonic calculus was introduced to model the total correctness of non-deterministic programs and has been applied to program verification. We prove that the class $R(\sqsubseteq, ;)$ of abstract $(\leq, \circ)$ structures isomorphic to a set of binary relations ordered by demonic refinement with composition cannot be axiomatised by any finite set of first-order $(\leq, \circ)$ formulas. We provide a fairly simple, infinite, recursive axiomatisation that defines $R(\sqsubseteq, ;)$. We prove that a finite representable $(\leq, \circ)$ structure has a representation over a finite base. This appears to be the first example of a signature for binary relations with composition where the representation class is non-finitely axiomatisable, but where the finite representations for finite representable structures property holds.
Mechanically induced helix-coil transition in biopolymer networks
Creators: name: Courty, S.
name: Gornall, J. L.
name: Terentjev, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-equilibrium evolution of the helical fraction occurring in a biopolymer network (gelatin gel) under an applied stress has been investigated by observing modulation in its optical activity. Its variation with the imposed chain extension is distinctly non-monotonic and corresponds to the transition of initially coiled strands to induced left-handed helices. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions of helices induced on chain extension. This new effect of mechanically stimulated helix-coil transition has been studied further as a function of the elastic properties of the polymer network: crosslink density and network aging.
The ‘I’ in the Monad: Leibniz and the Essential Indexical
Creators: name: Corazza, Eros
name: Genovesi, Christopher
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

Some modern and contemporary philosophers argue that the first-person indexical plays an essential role in the explanation of individual actions. As such it cannot be explained away or replaced by a co-referring term without destroying the cognitive force that its use conveys. There are important aspects of Leibniz’s work that anticipate the view of the essential indexical. The activity in the monad, such as the petites perceptions and appetitions, plays the cognitive role of grounding indexical reference and uses of the first-person pronoun to explain an agent’s perspective and behaviour.

description: JOLMA
Propagation and emission of gravitational waves in the weak-field limit within the Palatini formalism
Creators: name: Duran-Cabacés, Albert
name: Gómez, Diego Sáez-Chillón
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the era of gravitational waves physics, when detections of wave fronts are increasing in number, sensibility, frequencies and distances, gravitational physics has entered a period of maximum activity and brilliance. This has open a new window where General Relativity can be challenged in both weak as strong-field regimes. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of gravitational waves propagation and emission in the weak-field regime for gravitational theories within the Palatini formalism. Our results show that gravitational waves propagation in vacuum matches General Relativity predictions as well as the multipolar expansion when considering weak sources, independently of the form of the gravitational action.
description: 10 pages, extra analysis, conclusions updated and additional references. Version to be published in GRG
Thermal Transport in Superconductors with coexisting Spin Density Wave Order
Creators: name: Choudhury, Sourav Sen
name: Vorontsov, Anton B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermal transport in a two-dimensional system with coexisting $s$- or $d$-wave Superconducting (SC) and Spin Density Wave (SDW) orders. We analyse the nature of coexistence phase in a tight-binding square lattice with $\mathbf{Q}=(π,π)$ SDW ordering. The electronic thermal conductivity is computed within the framework of the Boltzmann kinetic theory, using Born approximation for the impurity scattering collision integral. We describe the influence of the Fermi surface (FS) topology, the competition between the SC and SDW order parameters, the presence or absence of zero energy excitations in the coexistence phase, on the low temperature behavior of thermal conductivity of the various paring states. We present qualitative analytical, and fully numerical results that show that the heat transport signatures of various SC states emerging from collinear SDW order are quite distinct, and depend on the symmetry properties of the SC order parameter under translation by the SDW nesting vector $\mathbf{Q}$. {A combination of $(π,π)$-SDW and the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ pairing state results in fully gapped excitations, whereas $(π,π)$-SDW co-existing with either $d_{xy}$ or $s$-wave pairing states may always have gapless excitations. There appear special stable Dirac nodal points that are not gapped by the SC order in the coexistence phase, resulting in finite residual heat conductivity.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance contribution to measured domain wall resistances of in-plane magnetised (Ga,Mn)As
Creators: name: Roberts, H. G.
name: Crampin, S.
name: Bending, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the presence of an important anisotropic magnetoresistance contribution to the domain wall resistance recently measured in thin-film (Ga,Mn)As with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. Analytic results for simple domain wall orientations supplemented by numerical results for more general cases show this previously omitted contribution can largely explain the observed negative resistance.
description: 4 pages; submitted to Phys Rev B
State, society and Buddhism in Myanmar in the 1990s : a case study of Thamanya
Creators: name: Maung, Sai Kham
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Buddhism HistoryBurma
subject: Buddhist monasticism and religious orders Burma.
subject: Buddhism and state HistoryBurma

description: This study argues that popular Burmese Buddhist resurgence in the early 1990s symbolized unprecedented insecurity and disorientation that were associated with the political transition in Burma during those years. The charismatic Thamanya Sayadaw who is the subject of this thesis was an influential Buddhist monk. He and his monastery became famous all over Burma as a centre of pilgrimage and came to bear tremendous influence in Burmese society because the moral teachings and ethical behaviour instituted there provided an answer to the insecurity and oppression outside. However the Burmese resurgence represented by Thamanya, unlike other Burmese Buddhist movements, neither resisted nor supported the authoritarianism of the Burmese state. Thamanya was essentially a non-political Buddhist movement that focused on ordinary affairs. As a result, the popular Thamanya Sayadaw and his Thamanya pilgrim centre succeeded in accommodating diverse social needs and backgrounds. Nevertheless, due to their mass followers and potential political force, popular Buddhism at Thamanya was monitored closely by the state. One remarkable characteristic of popular Buddhism was the leading role of Buddhist laities who came from civil backgrounds such as refugee and city visitors. They took leading role in legitimating Thamanya Sayadaw as an extraordinary monk and at the same time they also worked to advocate their own social and economic development. This lay leadership of popular Buddhism constitutes perhaps one of its most significant influences on the state.
Prepositions and Spatial Relations in Natural Languages According to Leibniz
Creators: name: Mugnai, Massimo
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

In his 1677 Dialogue, Leibniz answers the question of how it is possible that speakers of different languages agree on the same truths by postulating “a certain correspondence between characters and things”. In the mid-1680s, he arguably attempts to specify this “correspondence” by explaining how linguistic particles are connected to our perception of spatial relations among things in the world. Firstly, this paper focuses on the role that, according to Leibniz, signs and characters play in our knowledge. Secondly, it introduces the solution that can be found in the Dialogue to the problem of how the same truth can be expressed in different languages. After briefly expounding Leibniz’s theory of natural languages, the paper gives an account of Leibniz’s analysis of the nature of prepositions and of how they contribute, in a natural language, to determine the correspondence between characters and things that is mentioned in the Dialogue.

description: JOLMA
Phase and amplitude dynamics of coupled oscillator systems on complex networks
Creators: name: Woo, Jae Hyung
name: Honey, Christopher J.
name: Moon, Joon-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the locking behaviors of coupled limit-cycle oscillators with phase and amplitude dynamics. We focused on how the dynamics are affected by inhomogeneous coupling strength and by angular and radial shifts in the coupling function. We performed mean-field analyses of oscillator systems with inhomogeneous coupling strength, testing Gaussian, power-law, and brain-like degree distributions. Even for oscillators with identical intrinsic frequencies and intrinsic amplitudes, we found that the coupling strength distribution and coupling function generated a wide repertoire of phase and amplitude dynamics. These included fully and partially locked states in which high-degree or low-degree nodes would phase-lead the network. The mean-field analytical findings were confirmed via numerical simulations. The results suggest that, in oscillator systems in which individual nodes can independently vary their amplitude over time, qualitatively different dynamics can be produced via shifts in the coupling strength distribution and the coupling form. Of particular relevance to information flows in oscillator networks, changes in the non-specific drive to individual nodes can make high-degree nodes phase-lag or phase-lead the rest of the network.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
British Columbia’s residency requirement on welfare: a rational choice case study
Creators: name: Olmstead, Amy D. K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This paper examines British Columbia's residency requirement on social assistance implemented by the NDP government on December 1, 1995. The policy created a three-month waiting period for newcomers to the province before they could apply for social assistance. Because it violated ;the Canada Assistance Plan (CAP), the residency requirement put the BC government at risk of losing, through federal penalty, many millions of dollars more than the intended savings. To explain the BC government's decision-making, I use a rational choice nested games approach. I argue that the residency requirement policy produced two sets of interactions in two separate policy arenas. In the principal arena, the British Columbia Social Services Ministry negotiated with the federal Department of Human Resources Development (HRD). The negotiations centred on the possibility of federal concessions in- exchange for BC withdrawing the residency requirement. In the secondary arena, the federal Department of Finance was consulting with its provincial counterparts regarding the' long-term funding formula for the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST) set to replace CAP on April 1, 1996. Social Services interacted with the federal Department of Finance to influence the outcome of the funding decision. I propose that the BC government risked minimal resources in the primary arena to gain substantially higher payoffs from the CHST funding formula. The government linked these two arenas through a 'trade-off strategy that allowed them to apply the political pressure and communication generated by the residency requirement and negotiations with HRD to the Finance arena. This enabled them to. increase the possibility of a favourable payoff in that arena. I find that the rational, choice approach produces an explanation that reflected the government's actual decision-making more closely than other theoretical approaches.
THE EFFECTS OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING ON THAI HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS' ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION ABILITY ผลของการใช้การสอนการอ่านแบบ RECIPROCAL TEACHING ต่อความเข้าใจในการอ่านภาษาอังกฤษในชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย
Creators: name: Yuwadee Yoosabai
Publisher: name: National Institute of Development Administration
Year: 2008

description: 4, 48, NIDA Development Journal
Leibniz’s Last Letter on Linguistic Matters
Creators: name: Gensini, Stefano
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

We reproduce in what follows the last writing published in life by G.W. Leibniz (1646-1716) on linguistic topics. Together with other works by scholars of the time, Leibniz’s essay served as an introduction to an important collection of versions of the Pater noster in many different languages (Chamberlayne ed. 1715). In his critical remarks, the philosopher not only summarises his main ideas about the importance and method of linguistic comparison, but also integrates them with interpretative insights from neighbouring fields, such as numismatics, archaeology, and the history of writing systems. The editor’s commentary gives information on the historical and theoretical context in which Leibniz writes and on the numerous authors and works mentioned in the text.

description: JOLMA
Suppression of acoustic emission during superelastic tensile cycling of polycrystalline Ni$_{50.4}$Ti$_{49.6}$
Creators: name: Nataf, Guillaume F.
name: Romanini, Michela
name: Vives, Eduard
name: Žužek, Borut
name: Planes, Antoni
name: Tušek, Jaka
name: Moya, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate acoustic emission (AE) that arises during the martensitic transition in a polycrystalline specimen of the prototypical superelastic/elastocaloric alloy Ni$_{50.4}$Ti$_{49.6}$ (at. %) driven using tensile strain. We use two independent AE sensors in order to locate AE events, and focus on contributions to the AE that arise away from the grips of the mechanical testing machine. Significant AE activity is present during the first mechanical loading primarily due to nucleation and growth of wide Lüders-like bands during the forward martensitic transition (imaged using visible light and infrared (IR) radiation) that lead to persistent changes in intergranular interactions. AE activity is suppressed during the subsequent reverse martensitic transition on unloading, and in successive loading/unloading cycles, for which the Lüders-like bands narrow and modify intergranular interactions to much less extent. After the first loading, we find that the AE activity associated with the martensitic transition is weak, and we suggest that this is because the elastic anisotropy and strain incompatibility in Ni-Ti are low. We also find that the AE activity becomes weaker on mechanically cycling due to increased retained martensite.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Synchrotron Self-Compton Analysis of TeV X-ray Selected BL Lacertae Objects
Creators: name: Finke, Justin
name: Dermer, Charles
name: Boettcher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a methodology for analysis of multiwavelength data from X-ray selected BL Lac (XBL) objects detected in the TeV regime. By assuming that the radio--through--X-ray flux from XBLs is nonthermal synchrotron radiation emitted by isotropically-distributed electrons in the randomly oriented magnetic field of a relativistic blazar jet, we obtain the electron spectrum. This spectrum is then used to deduce the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) spectrum as a function of the Doppler factor, magnetic field, and variability timescale. The variability timescale is used to infer the comoving blob radius from light travel-time arguments, leaving only two parameters. With this approach, we accurately simulate the synchrotron and SSC spectrum of flaring XBLs in the Thomson through Klein-Nishina regimes. Photoabsorption by interactions with internal jet radiation and the intergalactic background light (IBL) is included. Doppler factors, magnetic fields, and absolute jet powers are obtained by fitting the {\em HESS} and {\em Swift} data of the recent giant TeV flare observed from \object{PKS 2155--304}. For the contemporaneous {\em Swift} and {\em HESS} data from 28 and 30 July 2006, respectively, Doppler factors $\gtrsim 60$ and absolute jet powers $\gtrsim 10^{46}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ are required for a synchrotron/SSC model to give a good fit to the data, for a low intensity of the IBL and a ratio of 10 times more energy in hadrons than nonthermal electrons. Fits are also made to a TeV flare observed in 2001 from Mkn 421 which require Doppler factors $\gtrsim 30$ and jet powers $\gtrsim 10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$.
description: 44 pages, 11 figures. Substantial revisions. Accepted by ApJ
Quantum thermodynamics of driven-dissipative condensates
Creators: name: Tude, Luisa Toledo
name: Eastham, Paul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polariton condensates occur away from thermal equilibrium, in an open system where heat and particles are continually exchanged with reservoirs. These phenomena have been extensively analyzed in terms of kinetic equations. Based on the collection of knowledge about polariton kinetics provided by these simulations and by experimental works, we constructed a few-level model that captures the main processes involved in the buildup of a ground-state population of polaritons. This allows condensation to be understood as the output of a thermal machine and exposes the thermodynamic constraints on its occurrence. The model consists of a three-level system interacting with a field and connected to a hot and a cold thermal reservoir that represent a non-resonant pump and the lattice phonons. This subsystem can drive a condensate, through polariton-polariton scattering, which produces work in the form of coherent light emission from the microcavity. We obtain a phase diagram as a function of the temperatures of the two baths and investigate the possible types of phase transition that lead to the condensate phase.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Rule-Based Approach for Party-Based Sentiment Analysis in Legal Opinion Texts
Creators: name: Rajapaksha, Isanka
name: Mudalige, Chanika Ruchini
name: Karunarathna, Dilini
name: de Silva, Nisansa
name: Ratnayaka, Gathika
name: Perera, Amal Shehan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A document which elaborates opinions and arguments related to the previous court cases is known as a legal opinion text. Lawyers and legal officials have to spend considerable effort and time to obtain the required information manually from those documents when dealing with new legal cases. Hence, it provides much convenience to those individuals if there is a way to automate the process of extracting information from legal opinion texts. Party-based sentiment analysis will play a key role in the automation system by identifying opinion values with respect to each legal parties in legal texts.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, The 20th International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions (ICTer2020)
On the inconsistency of the Bohm-Gadella theory with quantum mechanics
Creators: name: de la Madrid, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bohm-Gadella theory, sometimes referred to as the Time Asymmetric Quantum Theory of Scattering and Decay, is based on the Hardy axiom. The Hardy axiom asserts that the solutions of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation are functionals over spaces of Hardy functions. The preparation-registration arrow of time provides the physical justification for the Hardy axiom. In this paper, it is shown that the Hardy axiom is incorrect, because the solutions of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation do not act on spaces of Hardy functions. It is also shown that the derivation of the preparation-registration arrow of time is flawed. Thus, Hardy functions neither appear when we solve the Lippmann-Schwinger equation nor they should appear. It is also shown that the Bohm-Gadella theory does not rest on the same physical principles as quantum mechanics, and that it does not solve any problem that quantum mechanics cannot solve. The Bohm-Gadella theory must therefore be abandoned.
description: 16 pages
Optimization of Pressure Management Strategies for Geological CO2 Sequestration Using Surrogate Model-based Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Chen, Jungang
name: Gildin, Eduardo
name: Kompantsev, Georgy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Injecting greenhouse gas into deep underground reservoirs for permanent storage can inadvertently lead to fault reactivation, caprock fracturing and greenhouse gas leakage when the injection-induced stress exceeds the critical threshold. Extraction of pre-existing fluids at various stages of injection process, referred as pressure management, can mitigate associated risks and lessen environmental impact. However, identifying optimal pressure management strategies typically requires thousands of full-order simulations due to the need for function evaluations, making the process computationally prohibitive. This paper introduces a novel surrogate model-based reinforcement learning method for devising optimal pressure management strategies for geological CO2 sequestration efficiently. Our approach comprises two steps. Firstly, a surrogate model is developed through the embed to control method, which employs an encoder-transition-decoder structure to learn latent dynamics. Leveraging this proxy model, reinforcement learning is utilized to find an optimal strategy that maximizes economic benefits while satisfying various control constraints. The reinforcement learning agent receives the latent state space representation and immediate reward tailored for CO2 sequestration and choose real-time controls which are subject to predefined engineering constraints in order to maximize the long-term cumulative rewards. To demonstrate its effectiveness, this framework is applied to a compositional simulation model where CO2 is injected into saline aquifer. The results reveal that our surrogate model-based reinforcement learning approach significantly optimizes CO2 sequestration strategies, leading to notable economic gains compared to baseline scenarios.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
TLU-Net: A Deep Learning Approach for Automatic Steel Surface Defect Detection
Creators: name: Damacharla, Praveen
name: V., Achuth Rao M.
name: Ringenberg, Jordan
name: Javaid, Ahmad Y
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Visual steel surface defect detection is an essential step in steel sheet manufacturing. Several machine learning-based automated visual inspection (AVI) methods have been studied in recent years. However, most steel manufacturing industries still use manual visual inspection due to training time and inaccuracies involved with AVI methods. Automatic steel defect detection methods could be useful in less expensive and faster quality control and feedback. But preparing the annotated training data for segmentation and classification could be a costly process. In this work, we propose to use the Transfer Learning-based U-Net (TLU-Net) framework for steel surface defect detection. We use a U-Net architecture as the base and explore two kinds of encoders: ResNet and DenseNet. We compare these nets' performance using random initialization and the pre-trained networks trained using the ImageNet data set. The experiments are performed using Severstal data. The results demonstrate that the transfer learning performs 5% (absolute) better than that of the random initialization in defect classification. We found that the transfer learning performs 26% (relative) better than that of the random initialization in defect segmentation. We also found the gain of transfer learning increases as the training data decreases, and the convergence rate with transfer learning is better than that of the random initialization.
The inflationary gravitational-wave background and measurements of the scalar spectral index
Creators: name: Smith, Tristan L.
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
name: Cooray, Asantha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation predicts a stochastic background of gravitational waves over a broad range of frequencies, from those accessible with cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements, to those accessible directly with gravitational-wave detectors, like NASA's Big-Bang Observer (BBO), currently under study. In a previous paper [Phys. Rev. D73, 023504 (2006)] we connected CMB constraints to the amplitude and tensor spectral index of the inflationary gravitational-wave background (IGWB) at BBO frequencies for four classes of models of inflation by directly solving the inflationary equations of motion. Here we extend that analysis by including results obtained in the WMAP third-year data release as well as by considering two additional classes of inflationary models. As often noted in the literature, the recent indication that the primordial density power-spectrum has a red spectral index implies (with some caveats) that the amplitude of the IGWB may be large enough to be observable in the CMB polarization. Here we also explore the implications for the direct detection of the IGWB.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, submitted to PRD