Cernotina longa Moreno & Desidério & De Souza & Lima 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Moreno, Lucas A. S.
name: Desidério, Gleison Robson
name: De Souza, Wagner Rafael M.
name: Lima, Lucas R. C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Polycentropodidae
Cernotina
Cernotina longa

description: Cernotina longa sp. nov. Moreno & Desidério
(Figures 2–3)
Material examined. Holotype male. BRAZIL: Piauí: Batalha, Rio Longá, Cachoeira do Urubu, 03°54’47.9”S, 42°6’47.70”W, el. 80 m, 07.ix.2018, L.A.S Moreno leg., light trap (INPA)
Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 3 males (INPA); same data, except 1 male, Pennsylvania insect light trap (DZRJ). Piauí: Coivaras, Riacho do Boi, Cachoeira da Campeira, 05°11’45.1”S, 42°15’33.9”W, el. 177 m, 3 males, 06.iv.2017, L.A.S Moreno leg., Pennsylvania insect light trap (INPA). Novo Santo Antônio, Riacho da Caiçara, Cachoeira da Coruja, 05°22’02.6”S, 41°59’52.9”W, el. 150 m, 1 male, 29.ii.2018, L. R.C. Lima leg., Pennsylvania insect light trap (CZMA).
Diagnosis. Cernotina longa sp. nov. is similar to C. fallaciosa Flint 1983, C. sexspinosa Flint 1983, and C. verna Flint 1983 from austral South America based on the oblong dorsolateral process of each preanal appendage strongly curved mesad and with 1 stout, dark, apical spine, and the elongate, subrectangular inferior appendages each with its apex subtruncate in lateral view. However, it differs from these species by the shape of the mesoventral process of each preanal appendage and the basodorsal branch of each inferior appendage as well as in details of the phallus, especially the number of endothecal phallic spines and absence of a phallotremal sclerite. The mesoventral process of each preanal appendage is narrow, produced apically in a small lobe, covered by microsetae at the posterior margin in the new species, but is broad, apically truncate, and with stout, short setae at the posterior margin in C. fallaciosa and C. sexspinosa, and with a small dorsal lobe in C. verna. The new species, C. sexspinosa, and C. verna each have 6 long endothecal phallic spines, whereas C. fallaciosa has 5. Additionally, C. longa sp. nov. can be recognized by the strongly angled external margins of the inferior appendages in ventral view, whereas in C. fallaciosa and C. verna, these margins are only slightly angled, and almost straight in C. sexspinosa. Also, the new species does not have a ventral ridge on each inferior appendage. Although Flint (1983) did not draw these structures in his illustrations of the ventral view or mention them in his text, the holotypes of all of the other three species have the ventral ridge, with that in C. sexspinosa being more vertical than horizontal (L.M. de Camargos, personal communication).
Description. Male adult. Length of each forewing 3.00– 3.50 mm (n = 4). General color, in alcohol, light brown; antennae stramineous; forelegs with short, dark brown setae; mid- and hind legs with golden setae. Tibial spur formula 2–4–4. Wings pale yellow, with pale brown setae. Forewings each with forks II, IV, and V, fork V sessile, discoidal cell almost 1/3 as long as thyridial cell (Fig. 2A); hind wings each with forks II and V, crossvein Cu2-1A present, vein 3A absent (Fig. 2B).
Male genitalia. Sternum IX slightly longer than tall in lateral view, produced anterolaterally (Fig. 3C); anterior margin, in ventral view, with deep, narrow U-shaped mesal incision, posterior margin deeply and broadly excavated (Fig. 3A). Tergum X greatly reduced, semi-membranous, and apparently fused to base or mesal margins of intermediate appendages. Intermediate appendages elongate, slightly curved ventrad, sclerotized, setose, surface entirely covered by microsetae and long setae; in lateral view, tapering apically from apical 1/3, with rounded apex (Fig. 3C); in dorsal view deeply divided basally into 2 well-developed lobes, each lobe strongly tapering apically, apex rounded (Fig. 3B). Preanal appendages each with 2 processes; its dorsolateral process oblong, slightly longer than inferior appendages, setose, strongly curved mesad, apex strongly sclerotized with 1 stout, dark, apical spine (Figs. 3B, 3C); its mesoventral process narrow, partially fused to tergum X, the pair of mesoventral processes united mesoventrally, each produced apically in small lobe, covered by microsetae apically (Figs. 3B, 3C). Inferior appendages elongate (3 times longer than wide), subrectangular, setose, each with apex subtruncate in lateral view, external margin strongly convex and mesal margin concave in ventral view, nearly parallel-sided, apicomesal lobe partially exposed in ventral view (Fig. 3A); basodorsal lobe well-developed, strongly sclerotized, rhomboid, shorter than main body, with row of 19–21 long, fine setae on anterodorsal surface in lateral view (Fig. 3C), in ventral view basodorsal lobe not exposed (Fig. 3A); apicomesal lobe darkly-pigmented, large, subtriangular in ventral view, with row of short, fine setae on mesal margin (Figs. 3A, 3C). Phallus tubular, moderately elongate, base broader than apex; internally retracted phallus with six long dark spines at mid-length, two of them more apical; phallotremal sclerite complex (Figs. 3D, 3E).
Female and immature stages. Unknown.
Distribution. BRAZIL (Piauí).
Bionomy: The specimens were collected mainly in low altitude regions from 80 to 177 m in ecotonal area of Cerrado and Caatinga domains, with agricultural and pasture influence practiced in the region. The streams are shallow and with width of 5 to 25 meters.
Etymology. The new species is a noun in apposition, named for the Longá river, where the holotype and some paratype specimens were collected.
Remarks. Cernotina Ross belongs to the family Polycentropodidae. The genus is endemic in the New Word and contains about 70 described species, but with the greatest species diversity in South America (Holzenthal & Calor 2017). In Brazil 42 species occur, distributed mainly in the Amazon region and Atlantic Forest with 28 and 12 species, respectively (Camargos & Santos 2020; Dumas 2019). In the Caatinga biome only two species are recorded, C. antonina Holzenthal & Almeida 2003 and C. longispina Barcelos-Silva, Camargos & Pes 2013 (in Barcelos-Silva et al. 2013) occurring in the states of Pernambuco and Bahia, respectively (Souza et al. 2013; Vilarino & Calor 2017). Cernotina longa sp. nov. is the first species described from the Caatinga biome in the state of Piauí.
description: Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on pages 259-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914