cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic mesh quality measures and adaptation for polygonal meshes
Creators: name: Huang, Weizhang
name: Wang, Yanqiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M60

description: Anisotropic mesh quality measures and anisotropic mesh adaptation are studied for polygonal meshes. Three sets of alignment and equidistribution measures are developed, one based on least squares fitting, one based on generalized barycentric mapping, and the other based on singular value decomposition of edge matrices. Numerical tests show that all three sets of mesh quality measures provide good measurements for the quality of polygonal meshes under given metrics. Based on one of these sets of quality measures and using a moving mesh partial differential equation, an anisotropic adaptive polygonal mesh method is constructed for the numerical solution of second order elliptic equations. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
description: 43 figures
Recombinase-Driver Rat Lines: Tools, Techniques, and Optogenetic Application to Dopamine-Mediated Reinforcement
Creators: name: Davidson, Thomas J.
name: Brodsky, Matthew
name: Cho, Saemi L.
name: Yizhar, Ofer
name: Zalocusky, Kelly A.
name: Deisseroth, Karl
name: Janak, Patricia H.
name: Steinberg, Elizabeth E.
name: Gong, Shiaoching
name: Stuber, Garret D.
name: Ramakrishnan, Charu
name: Witten, Ilana B.
name: Tye, Kay M.
name: Lee, Soo Yeun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Currently there is no general approach for achieving specific optogenetic control of genetically-defined cell types in rats, which provide a powerful experimental system for numerous established neurophysiological and behavioral paradigms. To overcome this challenge we have generated genetically-restricted recombinase-driver rat lines suitable for driving gene expression in specific cell-types, expressing Cre recombinase under control of large genomic regulatory regions (200–300 Kb). Multiple tyrosine hydroxylase (Th)::Cre and choline acetyltransferase (Chat)::Cre lines were produced that exhibited specific opsin expression in targeted cell-types. We additionally developed methods for utilizing optogenetic tools in freely-moving rats, and leveraged these technologies to clarify the causal relationship between dopamine (DA) neuron firing and positive reinforcement, observing that optical stimulation of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of Th::Cre rats is sufficient to support vigorous intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). These studies complement existing targeting approaches by extending generalizability of optogenetics to traditionally non-genetically-tractable but vital animal models.
(400283) Johann Pringle Veitch
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Revisiting the gauge fields of strained graphene
Creators: name: Iorio, Alfredo
name: Pais, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, when graphene is only subject to strain, the spin connection gauge field that arises plays no measurable role, but when intrinsic curvature is present and strain is small, spin connection dictates most the physics. We do so by showing that the Weyl field associated with strain is a pure gauge field and no constraint on the $(2+1)$-dimensional spacetime appears. On the other hand, for constant intrinsic curvature that also gives a pure-gauge Weyl field, we find a classical manifestation of a quantum Weyl anomaly, descending from a constrained spacetime. We are in the position to do this because we find the equations that the conformal factor in $(2+1)$-dimensions has to satisfy, that is a nontrivial generalization to $(2+1)$-dimensions of the classic Liouville equation of differential geometry of surfaces. Finally, we comment on the peculiarities of the only gauge field that can describe strain, that is the well known {\it pseudogauge field} $A_1 \sim u_{11} - u_{22}$ and $A_2 \sim u_{12}$, and conclude by offering some scenarios of fundamental physics that this peculiar field could help to realize.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures. Comments added, text reduced and relevant references included
Specific Functions for ERK/MAPK Signaling during PNS Development
Creators: name: Newbern, Jason M.
name: Shoemaker, Sarah E.
name: Snider, William D.
name: Geschwind, Daniel H.
name: Hollenback, Steven
name: Landreth, Gary E.
name: Li, Xiaoyan
name: Coppola, Giovanni
name: Zhong, Jian
name: Bonder, Daniel
name: Wu, Yaohong
name: Zhou, Jiang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We have established functions of the stimulus dependent MAPKs, ERK1/2 and ERK5 in DRG, motor neuron, and Schwann cell development. Surprisingly, many aspects of early DRG and motor neuron development were found to be ERK1/2 independent and Erk5 deletion had no obvious effect on embryonic PNS. In contrast, Erk1/2 deletion in developing neural crest resulted in peripheral nerves that were devoid of Schwann cell progenitors, and deletion of Erk1/2 in Schwann cell precursors caused disrupted differentiation and marked hypomyelination of axons. The Schwann cell phenotypes are similar to those reported in neuregulin-1 and ErbB mutant mice and neuregulin effects could not be elicited in glial precursors lacking Erk1/2. ERK/MAPK regulation of myelination was specific to Schwann cells, as deletion in oligodendrocyte precursors did not impair myelin formation, but reduced precursor proliferation. Our data suggest a tight linkage between developmental functions of ERK/MAPK signaling and biological actions of specific RTK-activating factors.
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Experimental disturbances reveal group-level costs of social instability.
Creators: name: A. A. Maldonado-Chaparro
name: G. Alarcón-Nieto
name: J. A. Klarevas-Irby
name: D. R. Farine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In group-living species, social stability is an important trait associated with the evolution of complex behaviours such as cooperation. While the drivers of stability in small groups are relatively well studied, little is known about the potential impacts of unstable states on animal societies. Temporary changes in group composition, such as a social group splitting and recombining (i.e. a disturbance event), can result in individuals having to re-establish their social relationships, thus taking time away from other tasks such as foraging or vigilance. Here, we experimentally split socially stable groups of captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), and quantified the effects of repeated disturbance events on (1) group foraging efficiency, and (2) co-feeding associations when subgroups were recombined. We found that the efficiency of groups to deplete a rich, but ephemeral, resource patch decreased after just a single short disturbance event. Automated tracking of individuals showed that repeated disturbances reduced efficiency by causing social relationships to become more differentiated and weaker, resulting in fewer individuals simultaneously accessing the patch. Our experiment highlights how short-term disturbances can severely disrupt social structure and group functionality, revealing potential costs associated with group instability that can have consequences for the evolution of animal societies.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Provides a Proliferative Niche for Neural Progenitor Cells
Creators: name: Hill, Anthony D.
name: Zappaterra, Mauro W.
name: Chen, Xi
name: D'Ercole, A. Joseph
name: Ye, Ping
name: Maynard, Thomas
name: LaMantia, Anthony S.
name: Lun, Melody
name: Walsh, Christopher A.
name: Lehtinen, Maria K.
name: Yang, Yawei J.
name: Wong, Eric T.
name: Kim, Seonhee
name: Gonzalez, Dilenny
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Cortical development depends on the active integration of cell autonomous and extrinsic cues, but the coordination of these processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that the apical complex protein Pals1 and Pten have opposing roles in localizing the Igf1R to the apical, ventricular domain of cerebral cortical progenitor cells. We found that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which contacts this apical domain, has an age-dependent effect on proliferation, much of which is attributable to Igf2, but that CSF contains other signaling activities as well. CSF samples from patients with glioblastoma multiforme show elevated Igf2 and stimulate stem cell proliferation in an Igf2-dependent manner. Together, our findings demonstrate that the apical complex couples intrinsic and extrinsic signaling, enabling progenitors to sense and respond appropriately to diffusible CSF-borne signals distributed widely throughout the brain. The temporal control of CSF composition may have critical relevance to normal development and neuropathological conditions.
Effects of the Quantum Potential on lower dimensional models of analogue gravity
Creators: name: Sarkar, Supratik
name: Bhattacharyay, Arijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the issues related to the presence of the quantum potential term in a BEC on the observable Analogue Gravity systems. We show that the quantum potential term apparently gives rise to massive scalar excitations of length scales of the order $\mathcal{O}(1/ξ)$ in the lower dimensional space. Since, in 'analogue models', there is a window for experimental observations generally in (2 + 1) or even lower dimensional space, one has to take proper account of the presence of these massive excitations to interpret the results.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1405.1865
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Experimental disturbances reveal group-level costs of social instability
Creators: name: A. A. Maldonado-Chaparro
name: G. Alarcón-Nieto
name: J. A. Klarevas-Irby
name: D. R. Farine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In group-living species, social stability is an important trait associated with the evolution of complex behaviours such as cooperation. While the drivers of stability in small groups are relatively well studied, little is known about the potential impacts of unstable states on animal societies. Temporary changes in group composition, such as a social group splitting and recombining (i.e. a disturbance event), can result in individuals having to re-establish their social relationships, thus taking time away from other tasks such as foraging or vigilance. Here, we experimentally split socially stable groups of captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), and quantified the effects of repeated disturbance events on (1) group foraging efficiency, and (2) co-feeding associations when subgroups were recombined. We found that the efficiency of groups to deplete a rich, but ephemeral, resource patch decreased after just a single short disturbance event. Automated tracking of individuals showed that repeated disturbances reduced efficiency by causing social relationships to become more differentiated and weaker, resulting in fewer individuals simultaneously accessing the patch. Our experiment highlights how short-term disturbances can severely disrupt social structure and group functionality, revealing potential costs associated with group instability that can have consequences for the evolution of animal societies.
A Preferentially Segregated Recycling Vesicle Pool of Limited Size Supports Neurotransmission in Native Central Synapses
Creators: name: Smith, Spencer L.
name: Smith, Ikuko T.
name: Burden, Jemima J.
name: Häusser, Michael
name: Branco, Tiago
name: Staras, Kevin
name: Marra, Vincenzo
name: Thorpe, Julian R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: At small central synapses, efficient turnover of vesicles is crucial for stimulus-driven transmission, but how the structure of this recycling pool relates to its functional role remains unclear. Here we characterize the organizational principles of functional vesicles at native hippocampal synapses with nanoscale resolution using fluorescent dye labeling and electron microscopy. We show that the recycling pool broadly scales with the magnitude of the total vesicle pool, but its average size is small (∼45 vesicles), highly variable, and regulated by CDK5/calcineurin activity. Spatial analysis demonstrates that recycling vesicles are preferentially arranged near the active zone and this segregation is abolished by actin stabilization, slowing the rate of activity-driven exocytosis. Our approach reveals a similarly biased recycling pool distribution at synapses in visual cortex activated by sensory stimulation in vivo. We suggest that in small native central synapses, efficient release of a limited pool of vesicles relies on their favored spatial positioning within the terminal.
(400284) Alexander Cochrane
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Activation of VTA GABA Neurons Disrupts Reward Consumption
Creators: name: Van Zessen, Ruud
name: Budygin, Evgeny A.
name: Phillips, Jana L.
name: Stuber, Garret D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The activity of Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons promotes behavioral responses to rewards and environmental stimuli that predict them. VTA GABA inputs synapse directly onto DA neurons and may regulate DA neuronal activity to alter reward-related behaviors, however, the functional consequences of selective activation of VTA GABA neurons remains unknown. Here, we show that in vivo optogenetic activation of VTA GABA neurons disrupts reward consummatory behavior, but not conditioned anticipatory behavior in response to reward-predictive cues. In addition, direct activation of VTA GABA projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) resulted in detectable GABA release, but did not alter reward consumption. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of VTA GABA neurons directly suppressed the activity and excitability of neighboring DA neurons, as well as the release of DA in the NAc, suggesting that the dynamic interplay between VTA DA and GABA neurons can control the initiation and termination of reward-related behaviors.
Additional description of materials and methods from Negative biotic interactions drive predictions of distributions for species from a grassland community.
Creators: name: Staniczenko, Phillip P. A.
name: K. Blake Suttle
name: Pearson, Richard G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This document contains additional description of materials and methods in two sections: (i) Species distribution models for the California grassland community, and (ii) Measuring data compression using Bayesian networks and total length.
Suppressing traffic-driven epidemic spreading by use of the efficient routing protocol
Creators: name: Yang, Han-Xin
name: Wu, Zhi-Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite extensive work on the interplay between traffic dynamics and epidemic spreading, the control of epidemic spreading by routing strategies has not received adequate attention. In this paper, we study the impact of efficient routing protocol on epidemic spreading. In the case of infinite node-delivery capacity, where the traffic is free of congestion, we find that that there exists optimal values of routing parameter, leading to the maximal epidemic threshold. This means that epidemic spreading can be effectively controlled by fine tuning the routing scheme. Moreover, we find that an increase in the average network connectivity and the emergence of traffic congestion can suppress the epidemic outbreak.
title: System Identification Method for Brake Particle Emission Measurements of Passenger Car Disc Brakes on a Dynamometer
Creators: name: Niemann, Hartmut
name: Winner, Hermann
name: Asbach, Christof
name: Kaminski, Heinz
name: Zessinger, Marco
Publisher: name: SAE International
Year: 2022

description: Besides particulate emissions from engine exhausts, which are already regulated by emission standards, passenger car disc brakes are a source of particulate matter. With the current car fleet it is estimated that up to 21% of the total traffic related PM10 emissions in urban environments originate from brake wear and reduction of brake dust emissions is subject of current research. For the purpose of reducing brake dust emissions by choosing low-emission operating points of the disc brake, the knowledge of the emission behavior depending on brake pressure, wheel speed, temperature and friction history is of interest. According to the current state of research, theoretical white box modeling of the emission behavior is complicated due to the complexity of tribological contact between pad and disc. Thus experimental black box modeling is supposed to describe emission behavior. In order to minimize the influence of disturbances and therefore to improve prediction accuracy of such empirical models, system identification methods based on periodical test signals, such as brake pressure sine, are used for this application. To adopt these test signals, which are established in transfer function measurements, to the application of brake particle measurements and to develop an experimental design, system theoretical quantities, such as cutoff frequency, signal to noise ratio and hysteresis, are determined in dynamometer tests. Therefore measurements of the system’s response to step and sine test signals are analyzed. System identification is executed and the applicability of periodical test signals to brake particle measurements is proven.
Methods and options to monitor the cost and affordability of a healthy diet globally Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022
Creators: name: Herforth, Anna
name: Venkat, Aishwarya
name: Bai, Yan
name: Costlow, Leah
name: Holleman, Cindy
name: Masters, William A.
name: Herforth, Anna
name: Venkat, Aishwarya
name: Bai, Yan
name: Costlow, Leah
name: Holleman, Cindy
name: Masters, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: cost of a healthy diet
subject: food affordability
subject: food-based dietary guidelines
subject: food security
subject: nutrition

description: FAO is focusing its attention on the pursuit of healthy diets and transformations of agrifood systems to ensure healthy diets are affordable for all. Measuring and systematically monitoring the cost and affordability of healthy diets and making progress towards ensuring the affordability of healthy diets is of upmost importance and is urgently needed. To this end, FAO is committed to institutionalize the computation of the least-cost healthy diet, and the corresponding affordability indicator, and to publish updated estimates in the annual The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report, as well as provide the full data series on FAOSTAT. This background paper to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022 report presents the new methodological refinements applied in the estimation of the average cost of a healthy diet. This is an important methodological update as it results in a more robust indicator that provides greater transparency and supports long-term systematic monitoring utilizing annually updated price data. The paper then explores potential mechanisms and data sources for monitoring globally the cost of a healthy diet.
description: FAO Document Repository: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc1169en
(400285) Margaret Cochran
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Photon Correlations Generated by Inelastic Scattering in a One-Dimensional Waveguide Coupled to Three-Level Systems
Creators: name: Fang, Yao-Lung L.
name: Baranger, Harold U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study photon correlations generated by scattering from three-level systems (3LS) in one dimension. The two systems studied are a 3LS in a semi-infinite waveguide (3LS plus a mirror) and two 3LS in an infinite waveguide (double 3LS). Our two-photon scattering approach naturally connects photon correlation effects with inelastically scattered photons; it corresponds to input-output theory in the weak-probe limit. At the resonance where electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) occurs, we find that no photons are scattered inelastically and hence there are no induced correlations. Slightly away from EIT, the total inelastically scattered flux is large, being substantially enhanced due to the additional interference paths. This enhancement carries over to the two-photon correlation function, which exhibits non-classical behavior such as strong bunching with a very long time-scale. The long time scale originates from the slow-light effect associated with EIT.
description: Published version, in memory of M. B\"uttiker
Ein Generator für informierte Einwilligungserklärungen im Research Data Management Organiser
Creators: name: Zey, Bernd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Im Rahmen der Projektarbeit für den Zertifikatskurs FDM 2023/2024 wurde ein Generator für informierte Einwilligungserklärungen in RDMO erstellt. Dieses Poster fasst die Ergebnisse zusammen.
(400281) Mary Christison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional description of materials and methods from Negative biotic interactions drive predictions of distributions for species from a grassland community
Creators: name: Staniczenko, Phillip P. A.
name: K. Blake Suttle
name: Pearson, Richard G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This document contains additional description of materials and methods in two sections: (i) Species distribution models for the California grassland community, and (ii) Measuring data compression using Bayesian networks and total length.
Differential Recruitment of the Sensorimotor Putamen and Frontoparietal Cortex during Motor Chunking in Humans
Creators: name: Mucha, Peter J.
name: Grafton, Scott T.
name: Porter, Mason A.
name: Bassett, Danielle S.
name: Wymbs, Nicholas F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Motor chunking facilitates movement production by combining motor elements into integrated units of behavior. Previous research suggests that chunking involves two processes: concatenation, aimed at the formation of motor-motor associations between elements or sets of elements; and segmentation, aimed at the parsing of multiple contiguous elements into shorter action sets. We used fMRI to measure the trial-wise recruitment of brain regions associated with these chunking processes as healthy subjects performed a cued sequence production task. A novel dynamic network analysis identified chunking structure for a set of motor sequences acquired during fMRI and collected on three days of training. Activity in the bilateral sensorimotor putamen positively correlated with chunk concatenation, whereas a left hemisphere frontoparietal network was correlated with chunk segmentation. Across subjects, there was an aggregate increase in chunk strength (concatenation) with training, suggesting that subcortical circuits play a direct role in the creation of fluid transitions across chunks.
Maternal Loss of Ube3a Produces an Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance through Neuron Type-Specific Synaptic Defects
Creators: name: Weinberg, Richard J.
name: Burette, Alain C.
name: Wallace, Michael L.
name: Philpot, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of the maternally inherited allele of UBE3A. AS model mice, which carry a maternal Ube3a null mutation (Ube3am−/p+), recapitulate major features of AS in humans, including enhanced seizure susceptibility. Excitatory neurotransmission onto neocortical pyramidal neurons is diminished in Ube3am−/p+ mice, seemingly at odds with enhanced seizure susceptibility. We show here that inhibitory drive onto neocortical pyramidal neurons is more severely decreased in Ube3am−/p+ mice. This inhibitory deficit follows the loss of excitatory inputs and appears to arise from defective presynaptic vesicle cycling in multiple interneuron populations. In contrast, excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs onto inhibitory interneurons are largely normal. Our results indicate that there are neuron type-specific synaptic deficits in Ube3am−/p+ mice despite the presence of Ube3a in all neurons. These deficits result in excitatory/inhibitory imbalance at cellular and circuit levels and may contribute to seizure susceptibility in AS.
All supplementary material. from Pollinivory and the diversification dynamics of bees.
Creators: name: Murray, Elizabeth A.
name: Bossert, Silas
name: Danforth, Bryan N.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file contains a detailed description of methods, along with three tables and five figures.
Synaptic and Behavioral Profile of Multiple Glutamatergic Inputs to the Nucleus Accumbens
Creators: name: McDevitt, Ross A.
name: Wise, Roy A.
name: Bonci, Antonello
name: Britt, Jonathan P.
name: Benaliouad, Faiza
name: Stuber, Garret D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Excitatory afferents to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are thought to facilitate reward seeking by encoding reward-associated cues. Selective activation of different glutamatergic inputs to the NAc can produce divergent physiological and behavioral responses, but mechanistic explanations for these pathway-specific effects are lacking. Here, we compared the innervation patterns and synaptic properties of ventral hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, and prefrontal cortex input to the NAc. Ventral hippocampal input was found to be uniquely localized to the medial NAc shell, where it was predominant and selectively potentiated following cocaine exposure. In vivo, bidirectional optogenetic manipulations of this pathway attenuated and enhanced cocaine-induced locomotion. Challenging the idea that any of these inputs encode motivationally-neutral information, activation of each discrete pathway reinforced instrumental behaviors. Finally, direct optical activation of medium spiny neurons proved to be capable of supporting self-stimulation, demonstrating that behavioral reinforcement is an explicit consequence of strong excitatory drive to the NAc.
Ein Generator für informierte Einwilligungserklärungen im Research Data Management Organiser
Creators: name: Zey, Bernd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Im Rahmen der Projektarbeit für den Zertifikatskurs FDM 2023/2024 wurde ein Generator für informierte Einwilligungserklärungen in RDMO erstellt. 

Diese Publikation enthält die Abschlussarbeit und ein Poster.
Use of equine chorionic gonadotropin in lactating dairy cattle: a rapid review
Creators: name: Beasley, LH
name: Cogger, N
name: Compton, CWR
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: To use an evidence-based approach to evaluate the available research data on the efficacy of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) to improve reproductive performance of dairy cows when added to oestrus synchronisation programmes for the treatment of cows not detected in oestrus. A rapid literature review was conducted to summarise the existing trial data, primarily the effect of eCG on conception rate (CR) to fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) from oestrus synchronisation programmes in lactating dairy cows. Relevant papers were identified via databases and auxiliary search strategies, then information was collected using a standardised data collection form. Similar studies were grouped together to create a descriptive summary of CR to FTAI and secondary outcome measures, with the creation of forest plots to visualise results. A total of 15 studies were identified for review: nine examined the administration of 400–500 IU eCG as part of an oestrus synchronisation programme based on intra-vaginal progesterone-releasing devices, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prostaglandin (P4-GPG programme). The variable methodologies in the trials evaluated posed difficulties in grouping studies for further analysis and meant that there was insufficient data for a full meta-analysis. A single study reported a statistically significant increase in CR to FTAI from the addition to eCG to a P4-GPG programme in cows with anovulatory anoestrous. Four studies evaluated the addition of eCG to P4-GPG programmes in cows without visible oestrous signs; risk differences for CR to FTAI were between −1.7% and 28.8%, with three out of four studies reporting a positive effect of eCG on CR to FTAI, but all 95% CI values crossed the line of no effect. Two studies reported on the effect of eCG on 42-day pregnancy rate following a P4-GPG programme; one reported a risk difference of −4.9% (95% CI = −10.6–0.8%), while the other reported a risk difference of 7.9% (95% CI = 0.8–15%). The results of published studies describing the effect of eCG in P4-GPG programmes on CR to FTAI are inconsistent and further well-designed, adequately powered studies with standardised outcome measures are required to investigate its effect.
Transsynaptic Signaling by Activity-Dependent Cleavage of Neuroligin-1
Creators: name: Ehlers, Michael D.
name: Peixoto, Rui T.
name: Philpot, Benjamin D.
name: Kwon, Hyungbae
name: Sabatini, Bernardo L.
name: Kunz, Portia A.
name: Mabb, Angela M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Adhesive contact between pre- and postsynaptic neurons initiates synapse formation during brain development and provides a natural means of trans-synaptic signaling. Numerous adhesion molecules and their role during synapse development have been described in detail. However, once established, the mechanisms of adhesive disassembly and its function in regulating synaptic transmission have been unclear. Here, we report that synaptic activity induces acute proteolytic cleavage of neuroligin-1 (NLG1), a postsynaptic adhesion molecule at glutamatergic synapses. NLG1 cleavage is triggered by NMDA receptor activation, requires Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and is mediated by proteolytic activity of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9). Cleavage of NLG1 occurs at single activated spines, is regulated by neural activity in vivo, and causes rapid destabilization of its presynaptic partner neurexin-1β (NRX1β). In turn, NLG1 cleavage depresses synaptic transmission by abruptly reducing presynaptic release probability. Thus, local proteolytic control of synaptic adhesion tunes synaptic transmission during brain development and plasticity.
(400282) John [snr] Christison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Unique Population of Ventral Tegmental Area Neurons Inhibits the Lateral Habenula to Promote Reward
Creators: name: Blair, Grace A.
name: Ung, Randall L.
name: Stamatakis, Alice M.
name: Ramakrishnan, Charu
name: Mattis, Joanna
name: Jennings, Joshua H.
name: Stuber, Garret D.
name: Neve, Rachael L.
name: Boyce, Frederick
name: Deisseroth, Karl
name: Weinberg, Richard J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Lateral habenula (LHb) neurons convey aversive and negative reward conditions through potent indirect inhibition of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons. While VTA dopaminergic neurons reciprocally project to the LHb, the electrophysiological properties and the behavioral consequences associated with selective manipulations of this circuit are unknown. Here, we identify a novel inhibitory input to the LHb arising from a unique population of VTA neurons expressing dopaminergic markers. Optogenetic activation of this circuit resulted in no detectable dopamine release in LHb brain slices. Instead, stimulation produced GABA-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission, which suppressed the firing of postsynaptic LHb neurons in brain slices and increased the spontaneous firing rate of VTA dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Furthermore, in vivo activation of this pathway produced reward-related phenotypes that were dependent on intra-LHb GABAA receptor signaling. These results suggest that non-canonical inhibitory signaling by these hybrid dopaminergic-GABAergic neurons act to suppress LHb output under rewarding conditions.
Competition between α-actinin and Ca2+-Calmodulin Controls Surface Retention of the L-type Ca2+ Channel CaV1.2
Creators: name: Lee, Amy
name: Shephard, Andrew
name: Schnizler, Katrin
name: Tsuruta, Fuminori
name: Hall, Duane D.
name: Mohapatra, Durga P.
name: Dolmetsch, Ricardo E.
name: Matt, Lucas
name: Christel, Carl J.
name: Weinberg, Richard J.
name: Dai, Shuiping
name: Tseng, Pang Yen
name: Malik, Zulfiqar
name: Burette, Alain
name: Nguyen, Minh
name: Hell, Johannes W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Regulation of neuronal excitability and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling requires proper localization of L-type Ca2+ channels. We show that the actin-binding protein α-actinin binds to the C-terminal surface targeting motif of α11.2, the central pore-forming CaV1.2 subunit, to foster its surface expression. Disruption of α-actinin function by dominant negative or shRNA constructs reduces CaV1.2 surface localization in HEK293 and neuronal cultures, and dendritic spine localization in neurons. We demonstrate that calmodulin displaces α-actinin from their shared binding site on α11.2 upon Ca2+ influx through L-type channels but not through NMDAR, thereby triggering loss of CaV1.2 from spines. Coexpression of a Ca2+-binding deficient calmodulin mutant does not affect basal CaV1.2 surface expression, but inhibits its internalization upon Ca2+ influx. We conclude that α-actinin stabilizes CaV1.2 at the plasma membrane, and that its displacement by Ca2+-calmodulin induces Ca2+-induced endocytosis of CaV1.2, thus providing an important negative feedback mechanism for Ca2+ influx.
Bright [CII] 158$μ$m emission in a quasar host galaxy at $z=6.54$
Creators: name: Bañados, E.
name: Decarli, R.
name: Walter, F.
name: Venemans, B. P.
name: Farina, E. P.
name: Fan, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The [CII] 158$μ$m fine-structure line is known to trace regions of active star formation and is the main coolant of the cold, neutral atomic medium. In this \textit{Letter}, we report a strong detection of the [CII] line in the host galaxy of the brightest quasar known at $z>6.5$, the Pan-STARRS1 selected quasar PSO J036.5078+03.0498 (hereafter P036+03), using the IRAM NOEMA millimeter interferometer. Its [CII] and total far-infrared luminosities are $(5.8 \pm 0.7) \times 10^9 \,L_\odot$ and $(7.6\pm1.5) \times 10^{12}\,L_\odot$, respectively. This results in a $L_{[CII]} /L_{TIR}$ ratio of $\sim 0.8\times 10^{-3}$, which is at the high end for those found for active galaxies, though it is lower than the average found in typical main sequence galaxies at $z\sim 0$. We also report a tentative additional line which we identify as a blended emission from the $3_{22} - 3_{13}$ and $5_{23} - 4_{32}$ H$_2$O transitions. If confirmed, this would be the most distant detection of water emission to date. P036+03 rivals the current prototypical luminous J1148+5251 quasar at $z=6.42$, in both rest-frame UV and [CII] luminosities. Given its brightness and because it is visible from both hemispheres (unlike J1148+5251), P036+03 has the potential of becoming an important laboratory for the study of star formation and of the interstellar medium only $\sim 800\,$Myr after the Big Bang.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Imaging Patients with Psychosis and a Mouse Model Establishes a Spreading Pattern of Hippocampal Dysfunction and Implicates Glutamate as a Driver
Creators: name: Corcoran, Cheryl M.
name: Lieberman, Jeffrey A.
name: Small, Scott A.
name: Moore, Holly
name: Asllani, Iris
name: Inbar, Benjamin P.
name: Paniagua, Beatriz
name: Khan, Usman A.
name: Chaudhury, Nashid H.
name: Schobel, Scott A.
name: Styner, Martin A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The hippocampus in schizophrenia is characterized by both hypermetabolism and reduced size. It remains unknown whether these abnormalities are mechanistically linked. Here, in addressing these questions we used MRI tools that can map hippocampal metabolism and structure in patients and mouse models. In at-risk patients, hypermetabolism was found to begin in CA1 and spread to the subiculum after psychosis onset. CA1 hypermetabolism at baseline predicted hippocampal atrophy, which occured during progression to psychosis, most prominently in similar regions. Next, we used ketamine to model conditions of acute psychosis in mice. Acute ketamine reproduced a regional pattern of hippocampal hypermetabolism, while repeated exposure shifted the hippocampus to a hypermetabolic state with concurrent atrophy and pathology in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Parallel in vivo experiments using LY379268 and direct measurements of extracellular glutamate showed that glutamate drives both neuroimaging abnormalities. These findings show that hippocampal hypermetabolism leads to atrophy in psychotic disorder and suggest glutamate as a pathogenic driver.
Inhibition of Mediodorsal Thalamus Disrupts Thalamofrontal Connectivity and Cognition
Creators: name: Parnaudeau, Sebastien
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Bolkan, Scott S.
name: Ward, Ryan D.
name: Kellendonk, Christoph
name: Balsam, Peter D.
name: Gordon, Joshua A.
name: O'Neill, Pia Kelsey
name: Abbas, Atheir I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Cognitive deficits are central to schizophrenia but the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Imaging studies performed in patients point to decreased activity in the medio-dorsal thalamus (MD) and reduced functional connectivity between the MD and prefrontal cortex (PFC) as candidate mechanisms. However, a causal link is still missing. We used a pharmacogenetic approach in mice to diminish MD neuron activity and examined the behavioral and physiological consequences. We found that a subtle decrease in MD activity is sufficient to trigger selective impairments in prefrontal-dependent cognitive tasks. In vivo recordings in behaving animals revealed that MD-PFC beta-range synchrony is enhanced during acquisition and performance of a working memory task. Decreasing MD activity interfered with this task-dependent modulation of MD-PFC synchrony, which correlated with impaired working memory. These findings suggest that altered MD activity is sufficient to disrupt prefrontal-dependent cognitive behaviors, and could contribute to the cognitive symptoms observed in schizophrenia.
Citizen Science for supporting Disaster Management Institutions in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Jayasiri, Gimhan
name: Prasanna, Raj
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Disaster and emergency management

description: During 2016, 2017 and 2018, the country witnessed extreme rains which triggered flooding in several urban areas. The number of affected people by the 2018 floods was around 150,000 which shows a significant decrease compared to the events in 2016 and 2017. Several institutions provided their support via funding, relief, and rehabilitation mechanisms during these consecutive disasters. However, there are provisions which can further improve the performance of Disaster Management activities. Given this context, this study is carried out to investigate the application of citizen science concepts in several phases of Disaster Management in Sri Lanka. A scoping review supported by three case studies of floods was considered during the analysis. Limited participation of grass root level communities in decision-making and disaster planning, and issues related to data management are some of the main challenges identified in this study. Participatory mapping, Co-Design Projects, hackathons, and crowdfunding are some of the observed citizen science concepts which can be used to address the challenges and strengthen the Disaster Management activities in Sri Lanka. Further studies including interviews and questionnaire surveys were recommended to justify the findings.
All supplementary material. from Pollinivory and the diversification dynamics of bees
Creators: name: Murray, Elizabeth A.
name: Bossert, Silas
name: Danforth, Bryan N.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file contains a detailed description of methods, along with three tables and five figures.
Bielectron vortices in two-dimensional Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Downing, C. A.
name: Portnoi, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching for new states of matter and unusual quasiparticles in emerging materials and especially low-dimensional systems is one of the major trends in contemporary condensed matter physics. Dirac materials, which host quasiparticles which are described by ultrarelativistic Dirac-like equations, are of a significant current interest from both a fundamental and applied physics perspective. Here we show that a pair of two-dimensional massless Dirac-Weyl fermions can form a bound state independently of the sign of the inter-particle interaction potential, as long as this potential decays at large distances faster than Kepler's inverse distance law. This leads to the emergence of a new type of energetically-favourable quasiparticle: bielectron vortices, which are double-charged and reside at zero-energy. Their bosonic nature allows for condensation and may give rise to Majorana physics without invoking a superconductor. These novel quasiparticles arguably explain a range of poorly understood experiments in gated graphene structures at low doping.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures