cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dome C site testing: surface layer, free atmosphere seeing and isoplanatic angle statistics
Creators: name: Aristidi, E.
name: Fossat, E.
name: Agabi, A.
name: Mekarnia, D.
name: Jeanneaux, F.
name: Bondoux, E.
name: Challita, Z.
name: Ziad, A.
name: Vernin, J.
name: Trinquet, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper analyses 3.5 years of site testing data obtained at Dome C, Antarctica, based on measurements obtained with three DIMMs located at three different elevations. Basic statistics of the seeing and the isoplanatic angle are given, as well as the characteristic time of temporal fluctuations of these two parameters, which we found to around 30 minutes at 8 m. The 3 DIMMs are exploited as a profiler of the surface layer, and provide a robust estimation of its statistical properties. It appears to have a very sharp upper limit (less than 1 m). The fraction of time spent by each telescope above the top of the surface layer permits us to deduce a median height of between 23 m and 27 m. The comparison of the different data sets led us to infer the statistical properties of the free atmosphere seeing, with a median value of 0.36 arcsec. The C_n^2 profile inside the surface layer is also deduced from the seeing data obtained during the fraction of time spent by the 3 telescopes inside this turbulence. Statistically, the surface layer, except during the 3-month summer season, contributes to 95 percent of the total turbulence from the surface level, thus confirming the exceptional quality of the site above it.
Global Intervention and Distillation for Federated Out-of-Distribution Generalization
Creators: name: Qi, Zhuang
name: Zhang, Runhui
name: Meng, Lei
name: Wu, Wei
name: Zhang, Yachong
name: Meng, Xiangxu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attribute skew in federated learning leads local models to focus on learning non-causal associations, guiding them towards inconsistent optimization directions, which inevitably results in performance degradation and unstable convergence. Existing methods typically leverage data augmentation to enhance sample diversity or employ knowledge distillation to learn invariant representations. However, the instability in the quality of generated data and the lack of domain information limit their performance on unseen samples. To address these issues, this paper presents a global intervention and distillation method, termed FedGID, which utilizes diverse attribute features for backdoor adjustment to break the spurious association between background and label. It includes two main modules, where the global intervention module adaptively decouples objects and backgrounds in images, injects background information into random samples to intervene in the sample distribution, which links backgrounds to all categories to prevent the model from treating background-label associations as causal. The global distillation module leverages a unified knowledge base to guide the representation learning of client models, preventing local models from overfitting to client-specific attributes. Experimental results on three datasets demonstrate that FedGID enhances the model's ability to focus on the main subjects in unseen data and outperforms existing methods in collaborative modeling.
PR - The Use Of Relevant Cost Analysis To Assess Production Viability Following The Decoupling Of Support Payments In England
Creators: name: Jones, James V.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: relevant cost
subject: viability
subject: decoupling

description: Relevant cost analysis is a well recognised technique in management accounting used to decide whether production is viable in the short run. The removal of production-related subsidies following the reform of the CAP has left many farm enterprises with net margins that show a substantial loss. Relevant cost analysis is used to determine whether nevertheless it remains worthwhile continuing to produce in the short run. Relevant margins were calculated from industry costings for combinable crop, beef and sheep enterprises for 2004/5. These show that costed on this basis it is only the beef enterprises that look financially unviable. The paper argues that relevant cost analysis not only provides a very useful aid to farm level decision-making but also represents a very useful tool for guiding policy makers and industry analysts on the vulnerability of production and the potential for resultant structural changes.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
PR - Investigating Factors Affecting The Forward Pricing Behaviour Of Vaalharts Maize Producers: A Two-step Econometric Approach
Creators: name: Jordaan, H.
name: GrovÃ©, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: forward pricing
subject: risk management
subject: regression

description: A two-step econometric approach is employed to investigate the factors that influence the forward pricing behaviour of Vaalharts maize producers. The first step is to analyse the adoption decision with a binary sub-model, while the second step is to model the quantity decision, conditional of the adoption decision, in a linear sub-model. Based on the results, two distinct sets of variables influence the two decisions. The adoption of forward pricing is associated with higher levels of human capital, while the quantity decision is mainly driven by farmersâ€™ risk attitudes and their perceptions of forward pricing in price risk management. Since two sets of variables influence the two decisions, it is insufficient to educate farmers only on the benefit of using forward pricing methods. Such education does not empower farmers to use these tools. Future research and education should emphasise on how much to contract, which type of contract to use, and the frequency of contracting.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
The surface tension of mercury and the adsorption of some hydrocarbons on mercury.
Creators: name: Roberts, Noel Keith
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The surface tension of mercury is within 0.2% of 485.4 dynes cm-1 at 25¬¨‚àûC. and 487.3 dynes em-1at 16.5¬¨‚àûC. These values are in agreement with the most reliable work to date (Kemball (3) ). It is not necessary , as all workers have insisted, to \clean\" the glass vessel in which the surface tension is measured. The normal saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons give almost the same lowering of the surface tension at the same relative pressures of vapour i.e. the decrease In vapour pressure on ascending the hydrocarbon series is approximately balanced by an increase in the intensity of adsorption. The results are analysed on the basis of two surface equations of state the Volmer equation (a two dimensional analogue of Van der Waalls equation with the repulsive term predominating) and the Virial - equation in two dimensions with the correction term related to the forces between the molecules. From these two viewpoints the hydrocarbon molecules appear to be relatively curled up on the surface with their electron envelopes highly distorted."
Additional file 3 of Reduction of chronic malnutrition for infants in Bogotá, Colombia
Creators: name: Castro Prieto, Paula Andrea
name: Trujillo Ramírez, Kenny Margarita
name: Moreno, Sergio
name: Holguín, Juan Sebastián
name: Pineda, Diana María
name: Tomasi, Simón
name: Ramirez Varela, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S6. Independent variables used for the construction of the multivariate logistic regression model.
Plasmon scattering approach to energy exchange and high frequency noise in nu=2 quantum Hall edge channels
Creators: name: Degiovanni, Pascal
name: Grenier, Charles
name: Fève, Gwendal
name: Altimiras, Carles
name: Sueur, Hélène Le
name: Pierre, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inter-edge channel interactions in the quantum Hall regime at filling factor nu= 2 are analyzed within a plasmon scattering formalism. We derive analytical expressions for energy redistribution amongst edge channels and for high frequency noise, which are shown to fully characterize the low energy plasmon scattering. In the strong interaction limit, the predictions for energy redistribution are compared with recent experimental data and found to reproduce most of the observed features. Quantitative agreement can be achieved by assuming 25 % of the injected energy is lost towards other degrees of freedom, possibly the additional gapless excitations predicted for smooth edge potentials.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Limits on an Energy Dependence of the Speed of Light from a Flare of the Active Galaxy PKS 2155-304
Creators: name: Collaboration, H. E. S. S.
name: :
name: Aharonian, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past few decades, several models have predicted an energy-dependence of the speed of light in the context of quantum gravity. For cosmological sources such as active galaxies, this minuscule effect can add up to measurable photon-energy dependent time lags. In this paper a search for such time lags during the H.E.S.S. observations of the exceptional very high energy flare of the active galaxy PKS 2155-304 on 28 July in 2006 is presented. Since no significant time lag is found, lower limits on the energy scale of speed of light modifications are derived.
description: Accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. Letters
Additional file 4 of Reduction of chronic malnutrition for infants in Bogotá, Colombia
Creators: name: Castro Prieto, Paula Andrea
name: Trujillo Ramírez, Kenny Margarita
name: Moreno, Sergio
name: Holguín, Juan Sebastián
name: Pineda, Diana María
name: Tomasi, Simón
name: Ramirez Varela, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S7. Change in magnitude length-age indicator.
Finite strain Landau theory of high pressure phase transformations
Creators: name: Schranz, W.
name: Troester, A.
name: Koppensteiner, J.
name: Miletich, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of materials near structural phase transitions are often successfully described in the framework of Landau theory. While the focus is usually on phase transitions, which are induced by temperature changes approaching a critical temperature T-c, here we will discuss structural phase transformations driven by high hydrostatic pressure, as they are of major importance for understanding processes in the interior of the earth. Since at very high pressures the deformations of a material are generally very large, one needs to apply a fully nonlinear description taking physical as well as geometrical nonlinearities (finite strains) into account. In particular it is necessary to retune conventional Landau theory to describe such phase transitions. In Troster et al (2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 55503) we constructed a Landau-type free energy based on an order parameter part, an order parameter-(finite) strain coupling and a nonlinear elastic term. This model provides an excellent and efficient framework for the systematic study of phase transformations for a wide range of materials up to ultrahigh pressures.
BOSHLANGʻICH SINF OʻQUVCHILARIGA INSHONI OʻRGATISH VA OʻQUVCHILAR TARBIYASIDA INSHONING AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Kakabayeva, Gurbanjemal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Bu maqola boshlangʻich sinf oʻquvchilariga inshoni oʻrgatish va ularning erkin fikrlarini yozma bayon qilish haqida. Oʻquvchilar tarbiyasini yaxshilash mustaqil fikrlashni va qiziqishlarini yozma  bayon qilish, orqali toʻliq tushunchalarini yuzaga chiqarishlari haqida.
Rejoinder on "Conjectures on exact solution of three-dimensional (3D) simple orthorhombic Ising lattices"
Creators: name: Perk, Jacques H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the arguments in the reply of Z.-D. Zhang (arXiv:0812.0194) to the comment arXiv:0811.1802 defending his conjectures in arXiv:0705.1045 are invalid. His conjectures have been thoroughly disproved.
description: LaTeX2e, 2 pages, added responses to arXiv:0812.0194v3 and arXiv:0812.0194v4
PR - Farm Income On Full And Part-time Farms â€“ 2005
Creators: name: Kinsella, Anne
name: Moran, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: family farm income
subject: full-time farms
subject: part-time farms

description: The Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) is undertaken annually to determine the financial situation on Irish farms. The principal measure of the income arising from farming activities is Family Farm Income (FFI) per farm. In addition to analysing farm income by system and size of farm, NFS data can also be analysed for Full-time and Part-time farms to determine the variation in income that occurs. In this paper the variation in FFI on Part-time and Full-time farms is analysed by system of farming. In the NFS Full-time farms are defined as those which require at least 0.75 Standard Labour Units to operate, as calculated on a Standard Man Day (SMD) basis. Farms are therefore divided into Full-time and Part-time on the basis of the estimated labour required to operate their farms as distinct from labour available, which is often in excess of that required. The total number of farms represented nationally is 111,115. Full-time farms represent the larger more commercial sector of farming and in 2005 accounted for 38% (or 42,300) of all farms represented by the NFS. Fifty five percent of Full-time farms were in the two dairying systems with 34% in the drystock systems with the remaining 11% in the Tillage systems. Of the 62% of farms which were Part-time, 88% were in the drystock systems. The average FFI on all Part-time farms in 2005 was â‚¬11,372, ranging from â‚¬16,933 on Dairy farms to â‚¬9,995 on Sheep farms. On 58% of Part-time farms either the farm holder or spouse had an off-farm job and on 94% of farms, there was another source of income â€“ either from an off-farm job, pension or social assistance. Full-time farms are two and a half times the size (ha) of Part-time farms and represent the more commercially viable sector of farming.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
PR - Analysis Of Bean Marketing Channels In Kenya And Tanzania
Creators: name: Korir, M.K.
name: Nyangweso, P.M.
name: Serem, A.K.
name: Kipsat, M.J.
name: Maritim, H.K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: bean marketing
subject: marketing channels
subject: costs and margins

description: The common bean is a major staple food crop in Eastern and Southern Africa, providing dietary protein and calories. This study identified lack of adequate information on the marketing channels of the bean marketing systems in Kenya and Tanzania. The objective of this study, therefore, was to define the bean marketing channels across the borders of Northern Tanzania and Southern Kenya. The study hypothesized that the average bean price in terminal markets is approximately equal to estimated marketing costs. Purposive sampling was used to select two out of five districts of Kilimanjaro province and four out of ten districts of Arusha province. However, systematic random sampling procedures were used to select bean farmers and traders. Structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data from 64 farmers, 78 retailers and 51 bean wholesalers. The gross marketing margins and marketing costs analyses were used to evaluate the beans marketing system. The results show that the dominant marketing channel was from the farmer to upcountry assemblers to wholesalers/long distance wholesalers to wholesaler/retailer to retailer and finally to the consumer. Majority of the farmers (92.1%) produce dry beans for local markets, while 7.9% produce for the export market. A large proportion of the farmers (81.4%) sold their dry beans to upcountry assemblers and farm gate markets. In Arusha market, there was no significant difference between the average marketing cost and the average market price. This indicated that the average market prices approximated the marketing costs. The analysis of the marketing margins showed that the farmersâ€™ share (producer participation) in the price paid by the consumer is 45.65%, while those of the Nairobi long-distance wholesaler and Nairobi wholesaler were 14.88% and 9.65% respectively. These indicate that margins varied with the nature of marketing costs incurred by the various participants. The study concludes that producer participation should be increased by reduction of marketing costs through the removal of Horticultural Crops Development Authority (HCDA) levy and 3.5% import duty by the Kenya government
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
PR - The Use Of Technology Assessment (TA) In The Food-chain From â€œFarm To Fork
Creators: name: Larsen, Anders
name: Gylling, Morten
name: Pedersen, SÃ¸Ren Marcus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: GMO crops
subject: NGOs
subject: Technology assessment

description: The introduction of GMO crops in the EU has been and is a matter of severe controversy. First and foremost consumers, often represented by NGOâ€™s, have been known to be extremely negative towards the introduction. With the EU legislation in place allowing import of and tillage with GMO it is only a matter of time before farmers and food manufacturing companies are forced to relate their strategies to this new technology. This paper focuses on Technology Assessment (TA) in a food chain perspective. So far Technology Assessments have mainly been applied for targeted cases with partial stakeholders such as farmers or consumers but seldom in a holistic chain perspective from â€œfarm to forkâ€. Trough the food chain a main focus for enterprises and farmers are cost verses benefits but also assessment of opportunities for competitive advantage and outright threats will be of major importance in relation to this new GMO technology. Also the managers of the 21st century will need to be more aware of, and sensitive to, the social concerns related to developing and implementing gene technology within food products. If these matters are not addressed by decision makers GMOâ€™s in the EU is likely to fail as a commodity. By making an overall Technology Assessment, enterprises stand to make better informed choices regarding their optimal actions to secure their own future and gain a competitive advantage. If, for instance, the enterprise Monsanto had conducted holistic Technology Assessments in a chain perspective prior to a market introduction of GMO crops, it might have faired better. In matters concerning GMOâ€™s, failure to incorporate such aspects as social acceptance and politics can at best be expensive for the enterprise or individual farmer - in worst case it can be detrimental to the very existence of a company. The outcome of this paper is an overview of suitable methods that has been or in the future can be used for Technology Assessment in a food chain perspective. By combining the most suitable methods the concept is moved towards a dedicated common framework for Technology Assessment in food chains from â€œfarm to forkâ€. This framework includes social, ethical and political issues and can be utilised by farmers and enterprises as a tool in order to quickly and efficiently assess the consequences of actions and relate to food chains in an improved way. By conducting Technology Assessment in a chain perspective which integrates economy with social and political issues we believe that a powerful new and highly useful tool is provided to the farmers and enterprises of tomorrow.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in coupled quantum dots: Effect of electron-electron interactions
Creators: name: Semenov, Andrew G.
name: Golubev, Dmitri S.
name: Zaikin, Andrei D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically analyze the effect of electron-electron interactions on Aharonov-Bohm (AB) current oscillations in ring-shaped systems with metallic quantum dots pierced by external magnetic field. We demonstrate that electron-electron interactions suppress the amplitude of AB oscillations $I_{AB}$ at all temperatures down to T=0 and formulate quantitative predictions which can be verified in future experiments. We argue that the main physical reason for such interaction-induced suppression of $I_{AB}$ is electron dephasing while Coulomb blockade effects remain insignificant in the case of metallic quantum dots considered here. We also emphasize a direct relation between our results and the so-called $P(E)$-theory describing tunneling of interacting electrons.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Metallicity Gradients - Mass Dependency in Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies
Creators: name: Koleva, M.
name: Prugniel, Ph.
name: De Rijcke, S.
name: Zeilinger, W. W.
name: Michielsen, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation and evolution of galaxies is imprinted on their stellar population radial gradients. Two recent articles present conflicting results concerning the mass dependence of the metallicity gradients for early-type dwarf galaxies. On one side, Spolaor et al. show a tight positive correlation between the total metallicity, Z/H and the mass. On the other side, in a distinct sample, we do not find any trend involving Fe/H (Koleva et al.). In order to investigate the origin of the discrepancy, we examine various factors that may affect the determination of the gradients: namely the sky subtraction and the signal-to-noise ratio. We conclude that our detection of gradients are well above the possible analysis biases. Then, we measured the Mg/Fe relative abundance profile and found moderate gradients. The derived Z/H gradients scatter around -0.4 dex/r_e. The two samples contain the same types of objects and the reason of the disagreement is still not understood. Based on observations made with ESO telescopes at La Silla Paranal observatory under program ID076.B-0196.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Talk for "Matter Cycles of Galaxies in Clusters", JENAM 2008, Vienna, to be published in Astronomische Nachrichten; (1) IAC, Spain (2) Observatoire de Lyon, France (3) Ghent University, Belgium (4) University of Vienna, Austria
PR - Improving Policy Coherence Between Agricultural And Development Policies
Creators: name: Matthews, Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: trade
subject: developing countries

description: There is now a strong political commitment to policy coherence for development (PCD) in many OECD countries. Agriculture is at the heart of much of the debate about possible incoherence between trade and development policy. This paper reviews the evidence on the impact which OECD country agricultural policies have on developing countries. Policies to promote coherence between agricultural policy reform in OECD countries and food security and agricultural development objectives in developing countries must take account of the need not only for improvements in market access opportunities for developing countries, but also their responsibility to integrate trade objectives as a central component of their national development strategies, as well as increased and effective international financial and technical assistance for developing production and trade capacities.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
Relaxation in the 3D ordered CoTAC spin chain by quantum nucleation of 0D domain walls
Creators: name: Lhotel, E.
name: Khatsko, E. N.
name: Paulsen, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown that resonant quantum tunnelling of the magnetisation (QTM), until now observed only in 0D cluster systems (SMMs), occurs in the molecular Ising spin chain, CoTAC ([(CH_3)_3NH]CoCl_3 - 2H_2O) which orders as a canted 3D-antiferromagnet at T_C=4.15 K. This effect was observed around a resonant like field value of 1025 Oe. We present here measurements of the relaxation of the magnetisation as a function of time, from the zero field cooled (ZFC) antiferromagnet state and from the saturated ferromagnet state. We show that, at the resonant field, the relaxation from the saturated state occurs in a complicated process, whereas, surprisingly, in the case of the ZFC state, the relaxation is exponential.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, LT25 proceedings
Nonlinear structures: explosive, soliton and shock in a quantum electron-positron-ion magnetoplasma
Creators: name: Sabry, R.
name: Moslem, W. M.
name: Haas, F.
name: Ali, S.
name: Shukla, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical and numerical studies are performed for the nonlinear structures (explosive, solitons and shock) in quantum electron-positron-ion magnetoplasmas. For this purpose, the reductive perturbation method is employed to the quantum hydrodynamical equations and the Poisson equation, obtaining extended quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation. The latter has been solved using the generalized expansion method to obtain a set of analytical solutions, which reflect the possibility of the propagation of various nonlinear structures. The relevance of the present investigation to the white dwarfs is highlighted.
description: 7 figures
KO'RGAZMALI KO'RSATMALAR ORQALI O'QUVCHILARNING FAZOVIY TASAVVURLARINI YANADA SHAKILLANTIRISH
Creators: name: Isakov, Jasurbek
name: Yulbarsov, Faxriddin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada ko’rgazmali ko’rsatmalar tayyorlash, tayyorlangan ko’rgazmali ko’rsatmalardan chizmachilik darslarida foydalanish uslubiyoti haqida yoritilgan. Bino maketidan chizmachilik darslarida bino, bino fasadi, tom, tom yopmasi, landshaft haqida fazoviy tasavvurlarni shakllantirish usullari ko’rsatib berilgan.
The alternative vision : Australian republicanism
Creators: name: Robertson, JM
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Thomas Paine's call for American patriots to rise in defence of their liberty has the constraints of time and context and influenced the evolution of a distinctive Australian republican tradition. This tradition emerged initially as a counter discourse, in opposition to the dominant discourse of the Australian settlement. At least until the 1970s, the Australian settlement advanced a vision of an Australian population enjoying the virtues of responsible government while operating initially within the British empire, and subsequently, the British commonwealth. The resources of the Australian continent were assessed in terms of their potential for exploitation in the establishment of British institutions and the creation of a profitable market for British commerce in the antipodes. Australia's destiny rested within the fold of empire as a wealthy, prosperous, white and above all, British nation. A strong paternal state and an emotional attachment to empire were the two overriding themes of the Australian settlement. They remained characteristic features of Australian political development until the erosion of the settlement undermined the tradition of identifying within a British cultural context, and, almost by default, advanced the Australian republican tradition from a counter discourse almost by default, advanced the Australian republican tradition from a counter discourse to the position of dominant discourse. Consequently, in Australia today, republicanism is in the ascendency. This project shall trace the origins and evolution of a distinctive Australian republican discourse beginning in the mid nineteenth century. It is a tradition that draws heavily upon the American republican experience, and by extension, the radical British republican tradition that J. G. A. Pocock has analysed in relation to America.' An underlying theme of this thesis is the principle that language is the means through which we make sense of, and participate in the world. Accordingly, I will draw upon Gordon Schochet's understanding of political thought as a \discursive' or 'linguistic' phenomenon\" and his assessment of language \"as the primary source of historical continuity\"."
PR - Economic Comparison Of Divergent Strains Of Holstein-Friesian Cows In Various Pasture-based Production Systems
Creators: name: McCarthy, S.
name: Horan, B.
name: Dillon, P.
name: O'Connor, P.
name: Rath, M.
name: Shalloo, L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: strain of Holstein-Friesian
subject: economic scenario
subject: pasture-based system

description: The objective of this paper was to compare the economic efficiency of three divergent strains of Holstein-Friesian cows. Each strain was randomly allocated to one of three feeding systems: high milk output per cow from pasture (MP), high concentrate feeding system at pasture (HC), and high milk output per unit area from pasture (HS). Physical performance data was obtained from a 5-yr study conducted previously. A stochastic budgetary simulation model was used to simulate a model farm. The economic performance of each strain and feed system was derived for three production scenarios. Within all scenarios, profit was maximised where production was achieved at minimum cost as demonstrated by the comparably greater profitability of the low concentrate (MP and HS) systems. These results show that exclusive genetic selection for increased milk production results in reduced farm profitability as the productivity gains achieved are outweighed by associated increase in reproductive wastage costs in a pasture-based system.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
Ca impurity in small mixed $^4$He-$^3$He clusters
Creators: name: Guardiola, R.
name: Navarro, J.
name: Mateo, D.
name: Barranco, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of small mixed helium clusters doped with one calcium atom has been determined within the diffusion Monte Carlo framework. The results show that the calcium atom sits at the $^4$He-$^3$He interface. This is in agreement with previous studies, both experimental and theoretical, performed for large clusters. A comparison between the results obtained for the largest cluster we have considered for each isotope shows a clear tendency of the Ca atom to reside in a deep dimple at the surface of the cluster for $^4$He clusters, and to become fully solvated for $^3$He clusters. We have calculated the absorption spectrum of Ca around the $4s4p \leftarrow 4s^2$ transition and have found that it is blue-shifted from that of the free-atom transition by an amount that depends on the size and composition of the cluster.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures. Accepted on Journal of Chemical Physics
PR - An Investigation Into The Determinants Of Commitment To Organic Farming In Ireland
Creators: name: McCarthy, Mary
name: O'Reilly, Seamus
name: O'Sullivan, Aoife
name: Guerin, Patrick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: organic farming
subject: theory of planned behavior
subject: farmer's attitudes and motivations

description: A dramatic increase in the number of organic farmers in Ireland since the introduction of financial support under successive agri-environmental programmes prompted us to investigate farmer motivations to convert to organic farming and to continue as organic farmers. An adapted Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework proved useful to investigate farmer motivations and behaviour. The findings support the TPB hypothesis in that behavioural intention (commitment to organic farming) was related to attitude, the influence of important others and the level of perceived behaviour control. The addition of self-identity and moral obligation measures in the regression increased the predictive power of the model, signifying that these two variables are important predictors of commitment. The organic farmers were segmented based on their level of commitment to organic farming, three segments were identified: wary, finance wary; and very committed. The findings point to an evolution in the type of organic farmer from a small-scale farmer very focused on environmental and agro-ecological issues to a larger-scale more commercially orientated farmer. However, the majority of full-time Irish organic farmers displayed a strong moral obligation to the environment and their continued commitment to organic farming was influenced by growing consumer demand for high quality healthy food products. Part-time organic farmers were found to be rather wary as to the future potential of organic farming.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
PR - Early Spring Feeding Budget For Spring Calving Dairy Cows
Creators: name: McEvoy, Mary
name: O'Donovan, M.
name: Murphy, J.P.
name: Boland, T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: spring calving cow
subject: grazing study

description: Seventy-two spring calving Holstein Friesian dairy cows were randomly assigned to a six treatment grazing study (n=12). The 6 treatments comprised of 2 daily herbage allowances (DHA - 13 or 17 kg DM/cow/day) and 3 concentrate levels (0, 3 or 6 kg DM/cow/day) over a 77 day period. DHA and concentrate level had a significant effect on total milk yield and solids corrected milk. Results from the experiment indicate that grass silage can be removed from the diet of the spring calving dairy cow if a large proportion of grazed grass and 3kg concentrate is allocated in the early lactation period. This will result in high milk production and high herbage utilisation. Efficient use of grazed grass in early spring will allow dairy farmers remain competitive in the future.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
Musical gesture and the performer : an approach to the preparation of late twentieth-century solo cello music for performance
Creators: name: Ryan, SL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: With a limited playing tradition as a point of reference, the performer of late twentieth-century solo cello music is often confronted by preparing for performance, works created from unfamiliar compositional techniques and languages. The challenge for the performer is to communicate the often confusing or unclear intentions of the composer whilst maintaining their own musical integrity. The aim of this research i to offer the performer of this genre of music, a practical, problem-solving approach to interpretation that encourages the performer to develop individual thought while understanding the parameters of the composition. The theory of musical gesture has been chosen as a way of understanding music of the late twentieth-century primarily because it is a fundamental musical construct of both composition and performance. In this research, musical gesture is defined as a composite, high-level musical structure created in each instance, by a unique combination of musical constituents. It is the shape of the musical structure, it dictates technical demands, it drives the musical energy of music and projects the character and meaning of music. A Catalogue of Gestural Inquiry is presented as a point of inspiration and reference, from which the performer is encouraged to define, segment and describe the functions of the musical gestures within the structural hierarchies of the music. An adapted Glossary of Gestural Types is used to formally articulate this gestural functioning. Through this process of experimentation, the performer is familiarised with the interaction and function of the musical constituents and can come to a conclusive and meaningful interpretation of the music. The intended result is that decisions regarding specific technical issues, which are addressed while learning the notes, rhythm, dynamics and articulation integrate with the process of understanding the music's formal structure, gestural functioning, energy flow and character. For the performer, this has the potential to facilitate the goal of freedom of expression while conforming to the parameters of the composition. The large-scale musical context of particular relevance to this discussion is solo cello music of the late twentieth-century. An interpretation, that includes a recording, practice score and detailed discussion of Keith Humble's A Little Sonata in Two Parts for solo cello (1993) is offered as an example of this process. This example illustrates that a performer's clarity of gestural functioning can lead to a consistent, meaningful and accurate interpretation in performance.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in the towns of Ñorquinco and Ramos Mexia in Rio Negro Province, Argentina, and direct risk factors for infection
Creators: name: Uchiumi, Leonardo
name: Mujica, Guillermo
name: Araya, Daniel
name: Salvitti, Juan Carlos
name: Sobrino, Mariano
name: Moguillansky, Sergio
name: Solari, Alejandro
name: Blanco, Patricia
name: Barrera, Fabiana
name: Lamunier, Janete
name: Arezo, Marcos
name: Seleiman, Marcos
name: Yadon, Zaida E.
name: Tamarozzi, Francesca
name: Casulli, Adriano
name: Larrieu, Edmundo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Annex S1. Questionnaire.
Entropy and weak solutions in the thermal model for the compressible Euler equations
Creators: name: Ran, Zheng
name: Xu, Yupeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the existing models for compressible fluids, the one by Kataoka and Tsutahara (KT model, Phys. Rev. E 69, 056702, 2004) has a simple and rigorous theoretical background. The drawback of this KT model is that it can cause numerical instability if the local Mach number exceeds 1. The precise mechanism of this instability has not yet been clarified. In this paper, we derive entropy functions whose local equilibria are suitable to recover the Euler-like equations in the framework of the lattice Boltzmann method for the KT model. Numerical examples are also given, which are consistent with the above theoretical arguments, and show that the entropy condition is not fully guaranteed in KT model. The negative entropy may be the inherent cause for the non-physical oscillations in the vicinity of the shock. In contrast to these Karlin's microscopic entropy approach, the corresponding subsidiary entropy condition in the LBM calculation could also be deduced explicitly from the macroscopic version, which provides some insights on the numerical instability of the lattice Boltzmann model for shock calculation.
description: 27 pages,6 figures
The inverse electromagnetic scattering problem in a piecewise homogeneous medium
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaodong
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Yang, Jiaqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P25, 35R30

description: This paper is concerned with the problem of scattering of time-harmonic electromagnetic waves from an impenetrable obstacle in a piecewise homogeneous medium. The well-posedness of the direct problem is established, employing the integral equation method. Inspired by a novel idea developed by Hahner [11], we prove that the penetrable interface between layers can be uniquely determined from a knowledge of the electric far field pattern for incident plane waves. Then, using the idea developed by Liu and Zhang [21], a new mixed reciprocity relation is obtained and used to show that the impenetrable obstacle with its physical property can also be recovered. Note that the wave numbers in the corresponding medium may be different and therefore this work can be considered as a generalization of the uniqueness result of [20].
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, submitted for publication
Investigating the Capabilities and Limitations of Machine Learning for Identifying Bias in English Language Data with Information and Heritage Professionals
Creators: name: Havens, Lucy
name: Bach, Benjamin
name: Terras, Melissa
name: Alex, Beatrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; J.0; K.4.0

description: Despite numerous efforts to mitigate their biases, ML systems continue to harm already-marginalized people. While predominant ML approaches assume bias can be removed and fair models can be created, we show that these are not always possible, nor desirable, goals. We reframe the problem of ML bias by creating models to identify biased language, drawing attention to a dataset's biases rather than trying to remove them. Then, through a workshop, we evaluated the models for a specific use case: workflows of information and heritage professionals. Our findings demonstrate the limitations of ML for identifying bias due to its contextual nature, the way in which approaches to mitigating it can simultaneously privilege and oppress different communities, and its inevitability. We demonstrate the need to expand ML approaches to bias and fairness, providing a mixed-methods approach to investigating the feasibility of removing bias or achieving fairness in a given ML use case.
description: Accepted to the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '25)
Ground state energy of the two-dimensional weakly interacting Bose gas: First correction beyond Bogoliubov theory
Creators: name: Mora, Christophe
name: Castin, Yvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the grand potential $Ω$ of a two-dimensional weakly interacting homogeneous Bose gas at zero temperature. Building on a number-conserving Bogoliubov method for a lattice model in the grand canonical ensemble, we calculate the next order term as compared to the Bogoliubov prediction, in a systematic expansion of $Ω$ in powers of the parameter measuring the weakness of the interaction. Our prediction is in very good agreement with recent Monte Carlo calculations.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, published in Phys. Rev. Lett
PR - Evaluation Of Strategies To Achieve Compliance With A Legal Risk Assessment Document By Farmers In Ireland
Creators: name: McNamara, John
name: Phelan, James
name: Griffin, Patrick
name: Morahan, Anthony
name: Laffey, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Farm Management
subject: farm safety
subject: health
subject: risk assessment

description: Recent legislation in Ireland permits farmers who are self-employed or who employ three or less employees to meet legal duties regarding safety and health management by complying with the terms of a Code of Practice and completing a Risk Assessment Document. A three year National Initiative commenced in 2005 to develop the Code of Practice and Risk Assessment Documents and to evaluate strategies to assist farmers to effectively complete and implement their legal requirements. Preliminary findings of an evaluation of the initial phase of the Initiative are presented in this paper. The evaluation was conducted among farmers who attended a half-day training course on completing and using the Risk Assessment Document are compared with a group of farmers who completed it without training. The study findings indicate that 74% of farmers who returned the document for evaluation completed it satisfactorily. Satisfactory completeness rates were similar whether a training course was or was not attended. However, 100% of participants stated that attendance at the training was worthwhile. The on-farm evaluation found that just over 24% of the farms were not achieving a satisfactory standard of safety and health management and this was unrelated to the level of completeness of the document or attendance at a training course. Further research is required to determine what further assistance is required by farmers who either do not complete the Risk Assessment Document or achieve a satisfactory standard of safety and health management.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007
PR - An Economic Evaluation Of Four Finishing Strategies For Cull Dairy Cows
Creators: name: Minchin, W.
name: O'Donovan, M.
name: Kenny, D.
name: Buckley, F.
name: Shalloo, L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: An experiment was conducted to economically evaluate four finishing strategies for cull dairy cows based on grass silage and concentrate. Sixty-eight multiparous Holstein-Friesian cull spring calving dairy cows were randomised and assigned to a four treatment (n= 17) finishing experiment. The four treatments were: ad-lib grass silage (GS); GS + 3 kg concentrate (GS+3C); GS + 6 kg concentrate (GS+6C); GS + 9 kg concentrate (GS+9C). Finishing targets were set to ensure cows reached the carcass classification required by the abattoir. These were: cold carcass weight > 272 kgs, fat score 3 or 4L and carcass classification P+ or O. The economics of the study were modelled for two scenarios: (A) 3 purchase price variations with 3 housing costs (B) Selling price sensitivity with fixed purchase price and housing cost. At low housing costs the slower finishing systems are most profitable, while with high housing costs faster finishing systems should be adopted. Farm circumstances will dictate the best suited feeding system for this enterprise.
description: Sixteenth International Farm Management Congress, University College Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007