cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Features of Urban Food and Nutrition Security and Considerations for Successful Urban Programming
Creators: name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Garrett, James L.
name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Garrett, James L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: urban food security
subject: food expenditures
subject: employment
subject: childcare
subject: urban programming

description: In this paper we discuss the wide disparities that exist in childhood malnutrition, food insecurity and livelihoods within urban areas which, when combined with the mobility of urban residents, add to the complexity of designing, targeting and implementing urban programmes. Livelihood security in urban areas is dependent on cash income, especially for food expenditures, and hence employment. For women, employment brings about the need for support with childcare; we analyse a programme that provides the double benefit of delivering affordable and reliable childcare for extended hours, and allowing women to secure a more formal employment and obtaining employment benefits. Other factors that need to be considered in shaping urban programmes include land and housing security, the crime and violence situation, the availability and nature of social networks, and governance issues. Finally, we discuss potential strategic responses to the challenges of urban programming.
Cosmological evolution of cosmic string loops
Creators: name: Ringeval, Christophe
name: Sakellariadou, Mairi
name: Bouchet, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of a scaling evolution for cosmic string loops in an expanding universe is demonstrated for the first time by means of numerical simulations. In contrast with what is usually assumed, this result does not rely on any gravitational back reaction effect and has been observed for loops as small as a few thousandths the size of the horizon. We give the energy and number densities of expected cosmic string loops in both the radiation and matter eras. Moreover, we quantify previous claims on the influence of the network initial conditions and the formation of numerically unresolved loops by showing that they only concern a transient relaxation regime. Some cosmological consequences are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, uses iopart. Improved statistics, numerical robustness discussed in details, references added, note added. Matches published version
The Growing Global Obesity Problem: Some Policy Options to Address It
Creators: name: Schmidhuber, Josef
name: Schmidhuber, Josef
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Nutrition transition
subject: obesity
subject: NCDs
subject: policy options

description: The last few decades have seen fundamental changes in food consumption patterns around the world. These changes were characterized not only by an increase in overall calorie intakes but also by a shift in the composition of the diet towards more meat, eggs, dairy products as well as more fats and oils, i.e. a shift towards high calorie diets that are also much richer in saturated fats and cholesterol. The main drivers of this transition include factors such as: (i) rapidly falling real prices for food; (ii) urbanization with the development of new marketing channels and the spread of supermarkets into developing countries; (iii) and freer trade and globalization with the emergence of large, trans-nationally operating food companies. This diet transition also brought about a rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Initially, these problems were limited to developed countries, but more recently, there are growing concerns that the adverse effects of a rapid nutrition transition could even be more severe in developing countries. The growing health concerns have also given rise to a intense debate about possible remedies to stop and reverse the obesity epidemic in developed countries, and, perhaps even more importantly, to prevent similar developments in developing countries. Some of these policy options are being examined in this paper. The instruments analysed include price interventions, both at the level of primary commodities and final consumer goods (tax on fat food), direct incentives to reduce and disincentives to maintain an excess body weight; finally the paper also presents some experience gathered with a combination of various measures in integrated nutrition programmes.
Covariant conservation of energy momentum in modified gravities
Creators: name: Koivisto, Tomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit proof of the vanishing of the covariant divergence of the energy-momentum tensor in modified theories of gravity is presented. The gravitational action is written in arbitrary dimensions and allowed to depend nonlinearly on the curvature scalar and its couplings with a scalar field. Also the case of a function of the curvature scalar multiplying a matter Lagrangian is considered. The proof is given both in the metric and in the first-order formalism, i.e. under the Palatini variational principle. It is found that the covariant conservation of energy-momentum is built-in to the field equations. This crucial result, called the generalized Bianchi identity, can also be deduced directly from the covariance of the extended gravitational action. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in all of these cases, the freely falling world lines are determined by the field equations alone and turn out to be the geodesics associated with the metric compatible connection. The independent connection in the Palatini formulation of these generalized theories does not have a similar direct physical interpretation. However, in the conformal Einstein frame a certain bi-metricity emerges into the structure of these theories. In the light of our interpretation of the independent connection as an auxiliary variable we can also reconsider some criticisms of the Palatini formulation originally raised by Buchdahl.
description: 8 pages. v2: more discussion
Exact Black Holes and Gravitational Shockwaves on Codimension-2 Branes
Creators: name: Kaloper, Nemanja
name: Kiley, Derrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact gravitational fields of a black hole and a relativistic particle stuck on a codimension-2 brane in $D$ dimensions when gravity is ruled by the bulk $D$-dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action. The black hole is locally the higher-dimensional Schwarzschild solution, which is threaded by a tensional brane yielding a deficit angle and includes the first explicit example of a `small' black hole on a tensional 3-brane. The shockwaves allow us to study the large distance limits of gravity on codimension-2 branes. In an infinite locally flat bulk, they extinguish as $1/r^{D-4}$, i.e. as $1/r^2$ on a 3-brane in $6D$, manifestly displaying the full dimensionality of spacetime. We check that when we compactify the bulk, this special case correctly reduces to the 4D Aichelburg-Sexl solution at large distances. Our examples show that gravity does not really obstruct having general matter stress-energy on codimension-2 branes, although its mathematical description may be more involved.
description: 18 pages, LaTeX; v2: added references, version to appear in JHEP
Pentagon Functions for Scattering of Five Massless Particles
Creators: name: Chicherin, Dmitry
name: Sotnikov, Vasily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the analytic calculation of the full set of two-loop Feynman integrals required for computation of massless five-particle scattering amplitudes. We employ the method of canonical differential equations to construct a minimal basis set of transcendental functions, pentagon functions, which is sufficient to express all planar and nonplanar massless five-point two-loop Feynman integrals in the whole physical phase space. We find analytic expressions for pentagon functions which are manifestly free of unphysical branch cuts. We present a public library for numerical evaluation of pentagon functions suitable for immediate phenomenological applications.
description: 50 pages, 4 figures; v2: updated references and minor text changes, matches the published version; v3: fixed minor typo in equation (3.2); analytic results at https://gitlab.com/pentagon-functions/PentagonMI ; C++ code at https://gitlab.com/pentagon-functions/PentagonFunctions-cpp
Pustulatirus biocellatus Lyons & Snyder 2013
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Fasciolariidae
Pustulatirus
Pustulatirus biocellatus

description: biocellatus, Pustulatirus Lyons & Snyder, 2013
 Pustulatirus biocellatus Lyons & Snyder, 2013: 48–49 (figs 46–51). Gastropoda, Fasciolariidae
 Holotype: MZSP 108767.
 Locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, off northern Natal, on sandy bottom under rocks at 10–15 m depths.
 Collectors: Collected by local people.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former Bill Lyons Collection, Florida, USA.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on pages 10-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Caracas In Crisis: Why the U.S. Must Lead The Charge Against Maduro
Creators: name: Stockburger, Chris
Publisher: name: Pericles
Year: 2024

description: Venezuelan President Nickolas Maduro illegitimately claimed victory in the country's national election, despite widespread evidence of election fraud and interference, with the apparent winner being his opponent, Edmundo Gonzalez. The United States, in defense of democratic values and human rights, must work with these nations to increase the global diplomatic and economic pressure on Maduro to step aside. 
From category $\mathcal{O}^\infty$ to locally analytic representations
Creators: name: Agrawal, Shishir
name: Strauch, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a $p$-adic reductive group and $\mathfrak{g}$ its Lie algebra. We construct a functor from the extension closure of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category $\mathcal{O}$ associated to $\mathfrak{g}$ into the category of locally analytic representations of $G$, thereby expanding on an earlier construction of Orlik-Strauch. A key role in this new construction is played by $p$-adic logarithms on tori. This functor is shown to be exact with image in the subcategory of admissible representations in the sense of Schneider and Teitelbaum. En route, we establish some basic results in the theory of modules over distribution algebras and related subalgebras, such as a tensor-hom adjunction formula. We also relate our constructions to certain representations constructed by Breuil and Schraen in the context of the $p$-adic Langlands program.
description: 60 pages; final refereed version
Food Policy in the Era of Supermarkets: What's Different?
Creators: name: Timmer, C. Peter
name: Timmer, C. Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food policy
subject: food security
subject: consumer perspective
subject: macroeconomic impact

description: This paper examines the role of supermarkets in developing countries from a 'food policy' perspective. The entire food system is being affected by supermarkets, from supply chains impacting small farmers, through traditional marketing channels, to opportunities facing consumers. Issues of macroeconomic impact, distribution of benefits by income class and health consequences of behavioural change by consumers in the face of new consumption possibilities are among the themes discussed.
Phase-field model for grain boundary grooving in multi-component thin films
Creators: name: Bouville, Mathieu
name: Hu, Shenyang
name: Chen, Long-Qing
name: Chi, Dongzhi
name: Srolovitz, David J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polycrystalline thin films can be unstable with respect to island formation (agglomeration) through grooving where grain boundaries intersect the free surface and/or thin film-substrate interface. We develop a phase-field model to study the evolution of the phases, composition, microstructure and morphology of such thin films. The phase-field model is quite general, describing compounds and solid solution alloys with sufficient freedom to choose solubilities, grain boundary and interface energies, and heats of segregation to all interfaces. We present analytical results which describe the interface profiles, with and without segregation, and confirm them using numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the present model accurately reproduces the theoretical grain boundary groove angles both at and far from equilibrium. As an example, we apply the phase-field model to the special case of a Ni(Pt)Si (Ni/Pt silicide) thin film on an initially flat silicon substrate.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Modelling Simulation Mater. Sci. Eng
The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets in Developing Countries: Induced Organizational, Institutional, and Technological Change in Agrifood Systems
Creators: name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Timmer, C. Peter
name: Berdegue, Julio A.
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Timmer, C. Peter
name: Berdegue, Julio A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: supermarket chains
subject: procurement systems
subject: quality standards
subject: agrifood producers

description: There has been extremely rapid transformation of the food retail sector in developing regions in the past 5 to 10 years, accompanied by a further consolidation and multi-nationalization of the supermarket sector itself. This organizational change, accompanied by intense competition, has driven changes in the organization of procurement systems of supermarket chains, toward centralized and regionalized systems, use of specialized/dedicated wholesalers and preferred supplier systems, and demanding, private quality standards. These changes in the system have in turn determined the very recent rise of the use of contracts between supermarkets and agrifood producers in these regions to cover provision of services and provision for risk management, as well as requirements for demanding quality and safety attributes, which require substantial investment in technological change and upgrading at the producer level. This paper presents a brief discussion of these trends, followed by a conceptual framework to explain this phenomenon, illustrated with empirical evidence drawn mainly from Latin America.
Large-scale Robust Deep AUC Maximization: A New Surrogate Loss and Empirical Studies on Medical Image Classification
Creators: name: Yuan, Zhuoning
name: Yan, Yan
name: Sonka, Milan
name: Yang, Tianbao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Deep AUC Maximization (DAM) is a new paradigm for learning a deep neural network by maximizing the AUC score of the model on a dataset. Most previous works of AUC maximization focus on the perspective of optimization by designing efficient stochastic algorithms, and studies on generalization performance of large-scale DAM on difficult tasks are missing. In this work, we aim to make DAM more practical for interesting real-world applications (e.g., medical image classification). First, we propose a new margin-based min-max surrogate loss function for the AUC score (named as AUC min-max-margin loss or simply AUC margin loss for short). It is more robust than the commonly used AUC square loss, while enjoying the same advantage in terms of large-scale stochastic optimization. Second, we conduct extensive empirical studies of our DAM method on four difficult medical image classification tasks, namely (i) classification of chest x-ray images for identifying many threatening diseases, (ii) classification of images of skin lesions for identifying melanoma, (iii) classification of mammogram for breast cancer screening, and (iv) classification of microscopic images for identifying tumor tissue. Our studies demonstrate that the proposed DAM method improves the performance of optimizing cross-entropy loss by a large margin, and also achieves better performance than optimizing the existing AUC square loss on these medical image classification tasks. Specifically, our DAM method has achieved the 1st place on Stanford CheXpert competition on Aug. 31, 2020. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that makes DAM succeed on large-scale medical image datasets. We also conduct extensive ablation studies to demonstrate the advantages of the new AUC margin loss over the AUC square loss on benchmark datasets. The proposed method is implemented in our open-sourced library LibAUC (www.libauc.org).
description: Accepted by ICCV2021
Stochastic Efficiency Analysis With Risk Aversion Bounds: A Simplified Approach
Creators: name: Hardaker, J. Brian
name: Lien, Gudbrand D.
name: Hardaker, J. Brian
name: Lien, Gudbrand D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: risk analysis
subject: stochastic dominance with respect to a function
subject: risk aversion.

description: A method of stochastic dominance analysis with respect to a function (SDRF) is described and illustrated. The method, called stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF), partitions a set of risky alternatives in terms of certainty equivalents for a specified range of attitudes to risk. It can be applied for any utility function with risk attitudes defined by corresponding ranges of absolute, relative or partial risk aversion coefficients. SERF involves comparing each alternative with all the other alternatives simultaneously, not pairwise as with conventional SDRF. Hence it yields a subset of the efficient set found by SDRF. Moreover, the method is readily implemented in a simple spreadsheet with no special software needed.
Macrohabitat selection by Vancouver Island cougar (puma concolor vancouverensis)
Creators: name: Goh, Karen M.L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I examined macrohabitat selection by cougars (Puma concolor vancouverensis) on Vancouver Island between May 1997 and May 1999. During this period, 1285 locations were gathered from 9 female adult cougars using VHF radio telemetry collars. I assessed selection in the context of the ecology of their major prey Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), and hunting cover. I used a logistic regression model, and found seasonal and annual differences in habitat selection. Cougars tended to use mid elevations (ca. 390 m), and were closer to edges (ca. 150 m) than expected randomly. Year round, cougars showed selection for proximity to Old Growth, and Young forests. During winter, cougars avoided Clearcuts. They also tended to stay in Second Growth and Mature forests, while remaining in proximity to Old Growth forests. During spring, cougars avoided areas of low percentage cover of understory. During summer, cougars focused on areas of high quantity deer forage, and avoided being in proximity to areas of low quantity deer forage. Cougar selected hunting cover that was advantageous to them, year round and seasonally. No selection occurred for slope, aspect, and distance to water. Management of cougars should focus on maintaining a large prey base and features of good cougar hunting cover through smaller cutblock operations, and to reduction of human disturbance through fewer cutblocks. Allocation of forested space around 1800 km² devoid of human activity may ameliorate conditions that cause cougar declines.
Barneystrombus boholensis Muhlhausser 1981
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Strombidae
Barneystrombus
Barneystrombus boholensis

description: boholensis, Strombus kleckhamae Mühlhäusser, 1981
 Strombus (Dolomena) kleckhamae boholensis Mühlhäusser, 1981: 319 (figs 1–4).
Gastropoda, Strombidae
 Paratype: MZSP 95952.
 Locality: Bohol Island, Philippines.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former Jens Hemmen Collection. The specimen listed above was referred to as “ Paratypus 2” in the original description, and figured on page 321 (fig. 3). This species was recombined as Barneystrombus boholensis by Blackwood (2009).
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Anomalous tunneling of bound pairs in crystal lattices
Creators: name: Bulatov, Vladimir
name: Kornilovitch, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel method of solving scattering problems for bound pairs on a lattice is developed. Two different break ups of the hamiltonian are employed to calculate the full Green operator and the wave function of the scattered pair. The calculation converges exponentially in the number of basis states used to represent the non-translation invariant part of the Green operator. The method is general and applicable to a variety of scattering and tunneling problems. As the first application, the problem of pair tunneling through a weak link on a one-dimensional lattice is solved. It is found that at momenta close to πthe pair tunnels much easier than one particle, with the transmission coefficient approaching unity. This anomalously high transmission is a consequence of the existence of a two-body resonant state localized at the weak link.
description: REVTeX, 5 pages, 4 eps figures
A PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO ESTIMATE PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS USING BOUNDS ON THE TRUE PRODUCTION SET
Creators: name: Lambert, David K.
name: Lambert, David K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Nonparametric technique
subject: Production
subject: Production functions

description: Varian (1984) developed procedures to establish bounds on a true convex negative monotonic production set that p-rationalizes a set of data consistent with the weak axiom of profit maximization. These bounds can provide additional information for estimating parametric production functions. A mathematical programming procedure is developed to maximize various measures of goodness of fit of alternative parametric specifications relative to the true production set.
Hanleya brachyplax Jardim & Simone 2010
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Polyplacophora
Lepidopleurida
Hanleyidae
Hanleya
Hanleya brachyplax

description: brachyplax, Hanleya Jardim & Simone, 2010
 Hanleya brachyplax Jardim & Simone, 2010b: 14.
Polyplacophora, Hanleyidae
 Holotype: MZSP 87263.
 Paratype 1: MZSP 87264.
 Localities: Brazil, São Paulo, off Cananéia, 25°44' S, 45°11' W, 408 m depth; 1) 25°44' S, 45°11' W, 400 m depth, 18 Apr. 2002.
 Collectors: REVIZEE Score Sul project members.
 Preservation: 70% ethanol; valves are preserved dry.
 Remarks: Simone & Jardim published a description of this species in Rios (2009). Nevertheless, it did not fulfill the requirements of ICZN articles 16.1 (the species’ name must be explicitly indicated as intentionally new) and 16.4 (fixation of name-bearing types must be explicit). In the following year, Jardim & Simone (2010a) published a new description with detailed figures and a holotype designation. However, since the new name was not explicitly and intentionally indicated, the requirements of ICZN article 16.1 were still not met in that paper. To correct this, the name Hanleya brachyplax was formally introduced in a subsequent note by Jardim & Simone (2010b), which is the only valid description.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Møller, Christian Asmus
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1820

description: Videresender et brev fra pastor Deinboll
description: Kun vedlegget finnes. Polydoc nr. 1: 1372. Polydoc nr. 2: 772.
Are Hospitals Seasonally Inefficient? Evidence from Washington State Hospitals
Creators: name: Friesner, Daniel L.
name: McPherson, Matthew Q.
name: Rosenman, Robert
name: Friesner, Daniel L.
name: McPherson, Matthew Q.
name: Rosenman, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: seasonality
subject: efficiency
subject: hospitals
subject: data envelopment analysis

description: Efficiency measurement has been one of the most extensively explored areas of health services research over the past two decades. Despite this attention, few studies have examined whether a provider's efficiency varies on a monthly, quarterly or other, sub-annual basis. This paper presents an empirical study that looks for evidence of seasonal inefficiency. Using a quarterly panel of general, acute-care hospitals from Washington State, we find that hospital efficiency does vary over time; however, the nature of this dynamic inefficiency depends on the type of efficiency being measured. Our results suggest that technical and cost efficiency vary by quarter. Allocative and scale efficiency also vary on a quarterly basis, but only if the data are jointly disaggregated by quarter and another, firm-specific factor such as size or operating status. Thus, future research, corporate decisions and government policies designed to improve the efficiency of hospital care need to account for seasonal trends in hospital efficiency.
Super Interacting Dark Sector: An Improvement on Self-Interacting Dark Matter via Scaling Relations of Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Naseri, Mahdi
name: Firouzjaee, Javad T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-interacting dark matter is known as one of the most appropriate candidates for dark matter. Due to its excellent success in removing many astrophysical problems, particularly in small scale structure, studying this model has taken on added significance. In this paper, we focus on the results of two previously performed simulations of cluster sized halos with self-interacting dark matter and introduce a new function for the density profile of galaxy clusters, which can perfectly describe the result of these simulations. This density profile helps to find a velocity dispersion profile and also a relation between cluster mass and concentration parameter. Using these relations, we investigate two scaling relations of galaxy clusters, namely mass-velocity dispersion and mass-temperature relations. The scaling relations reveal that in the self-interacting dark matter model, halos are more massive than what the standard non-interacting model predicts for any fixed temperature. We also study the mass-temperature relation for a hybrid interacting model, which is a combination of self-interacting dark matter idea with another model of the dark sector in which dark matter particle mass is determined according to its interaction with dark energy. This super interacting dark sector (SIDS) model can change the mass-temperature relation to a modified form that has the same result as a non-interacting model. Finally, we provide quantitative expressions which can describe the constants of this interacting model with the value of cross-section per unit mass of dark matter particles.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, Journal version
An Operational Approach for Evaluating Investment Risk: An Application to the No-Till Transition
Creators: name: Upadhyay, Bharat Mani
name: Young, Douglas L.
name: Upadhyay, Bharat Mani
name: Young, Douglas L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: investment risk
subject: Monte Carlo simulation
subject: no-till
subject: rent-purchase
subject: risk
subject: safety-first
subject: technology adoption
subject: transition strategy

description: Roy's safety-first rule is used to provide measures popular with farmers of short and long term business risk associated with various no-till transition strategies over an investment horizon. The short run rule provided more sensitivity to inter-year financial risk than other commonly used criteria. Results revealed that speed of adoption influenced the probability of successful transition more than did the sequence of drill acquisition methods. Higher equity and larger farms had a greater chance of transition success. Slow acreage expansion with a custom or rental drill reduces risk until a no-till yield penalty is eliminated.
Firefights and Fuel Management: A Nested Rotation Model for Wildfire Risk Mitigation
Creators: name: Lankoande, Mariam D.
name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
name: Lankoande, Mariam D.
name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: wildfire
subject: fuels management
subject: fire suppression
subject: optimal rotation
subject: wildfire economics.

description: Scientists and policymakers are increasingly aware that wildfire management efforts should be broadened beyond the century-long emphasis on suppression to include more effective efforts at fuel management. Because wildfire risks change over time as vegetation matures, fuel management can be viewed as a timing problem, much like timber harvest itself. We develop a nested rotation model to examine the fuel treatment timing issue in the context of a forest environment with both timber value and non-timber values-at-risk. Simulations are performed for a ponderosa pine forest and discussed with a focus on three important aspects of wildfire management: 1) the economic tradeoffs between fuel treatments, suppression, and timber harvest 2) the effects of public wildfire suppression on private fuel management incentives, 3) externality problems when non-timber values-at-risk such as wildland-urban interface property is not accounted for in private fuel management decisions.
Dynamical zero-temperature phase transitions and cosmic inflation/deflation
Creators: name: Schützhold, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a rather general class of scenarios, sweeping through a zero-temperature phase transition by means of a time-dependent external parameter entails universal behavior: In the vicinity of the critical point, excitations behave as quantum fields in an expanding or contracting universe. The resulting effects such as the amplification or suppression of quantum fluctuations (due to horizon crossing, freezing, and squeezing) including the induced spectrum can be derived using the curved space-time analogy. The observed similarity entices the question of whether cosmic inflation itself might perhaps have been such a phase transition. PACS: 73.43.Nq, 04.62.+v, 98.80.Cq, 04.80.-y.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Understanding the hydride microstructure, orientation and distribution in electron-beam welded Zircaloy-4
Creators: name: Merryweather, George
name: Rogers, Michael
name: Ward, Joseph
name: Frankel, Philipp
name: Maric, Mia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This poster was presented to the MIDAS annual progress meeting on the 16th/17th September 2024
Organic Apple Production in Washington State: An Input-Output Analysis
Creators: name: Mon, Pon Nya
name: Holland, David W.
name: Mon, Pon Nya
name: Holland, David W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Production Economics
subject: conventional and organic apple production
subject: multiplier effects
subject: output and employment effects
subject: IMPLAN

description: This paper provides an Input-Output (I/O) based economic impact analysis for organic apple production in Washington State. The intent is to compare the economic "ripple" effect of organic production with conventional production. The analysis is presented in two scenarios: first we compare the economic impact of organic versus conventional apple production for a l demand increase of one million US$ as measured in sales. The second analysis looks at the economic impact of organic and conventional apple production in terms of given unit of land (405 hectares of production). Both state-wide output (sales) and employment (jobs) impacts are estimated under each scenario. Results are presented in terms of direct, indirect, and induced economic impact. Organic apple production was more labor intensive than conventional production. While, the organic apple sector used less intermediate inputs per unit of output than conventional production it also produced higher returns to labor and capital. As a result, the indirect economic effect was lower for the organic sector than the conventional sector, but the induced economic effect was higher for organic. Given the organic price premium, the economic impact (direct, indirect and induced) was larger for organic apple production than conventional apple production.
Transient Phenomena in Quantum Bound States Subjected to a Sudden Perturbation
Creators: name: Moshinsky, Marcos
name: Sadurní, Emerson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transient phenomena in quantum mechanics have been of interest to one of the authors (MM) since long ago and, in this paper, we focus on the problem of a potential V_- which for negative times gives rise to bound states and is suddenly changed at t=0 to a potential V_+ which includes V_- plus a perturbed term. An example will be the deuteron (where the proton and neutron are assumed to interact through an oscillator potential) submitted to a sudden electrostatic field. The analysis for t>0 can be carried out with the help of appropriate Feynmann propagators and we arrive at the result that the separation between the nucleons has an amplitude that depends on the intensity of the electrostatic field, but its period continues to be related with the inverse of the frequency of the oscillator proposed for the interaction. A general approximate procedure for arbitrary problems of this type is also presented at the end.
description: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Paraprososthenia brandti Temcharoen 1971
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Pomatiopsidae
Paraprososthenia
Paraprososthenia brandti

description: brandti, Paraprososthenia Temcharoen, 1971
 Paraprososthenia brandti Temcharoen, 1971: 94 (pl. 6, fig. 3 + text fig. 3).
Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae
 Probable paratype: MZSP 95946 (Fig. 2 I–J).
 Locality: Laos, Sedone River at Khong Sedone, N of Pakse in Laos (type locality), 23 Feb. 1969.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former Jens Hemmen Collection. Measurements and data on the specimen’s label compare fittingly with two paratype lots mentioned in the original description: SMRL 16109 and a 20-specimen lot originally deposited in the author’s reference collection.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Twisted kink crystal in holographic superconductor
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Masataka
name: Yoshii, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holographic superconductor model represents various inhomogeneous solutions with homogeneous sources. In this paper, we study inhomogeneous structures in the presence of the homogeneous current and the chemical potential. We find single complex kink condensates, multiple complex kinks condensates and twisted kink crystal condensates in which both the amplitude and the phase of the order parameter modulate in space. Analyzing the gauge-invariant phase difference in the single complex kink condensates, we find the non-monotonic behaviour with respect to the current. We confirm that the multiple complex kinks condensates and the twisted kink crystal condensates are well described by the analytic solutions obtained from the Gross-Neveu model or the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. We also analyze the thermodynamic stability of the complex kink(s) condensates by computing the free energy. Our results imply that holographic superconductor model provides the boundary physics which is effectively represented by the Ginzburg-Landau theory with higher corrections.
description: v1: 13 pages, 6 figures, v2: 14 pages, 9 figures, improved discussion and figures, published version
Top Partners at the LHC: Spin and Mass Measurement
Creators: name: Meade, Patrick
name: Reece, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If one takes naturalness seriously and also assumes a weakly coupled extension of the Standard Model (SM) then there are predictions for phenomenology that can be inferred in a model independent framework. The first such prediction is that there must be some colored particle with mass O(TeV) that cancels the top loop contribution to the quadratic divergence of the Higgs mass. In this paper we begin a model independent analysis of the phenomenology of this "top partner," t'. We make one additional assumption that it is odd under a parity which is responsible for the stability of a WIMP dark matter candidate, N. We focus on three questions to be explored at the LHC: discovery opportunities, mass determination, and spin determination of this top partner. We find that within a certain region of masses for the t' and N, t'\bar{t'} is easily discovered in the t\bar{t}+2N decay with the tops decaying fully hadronically. We show that without having to rely on other channels for new physics that for a a given t' spin the masses of t' and N can be measured using kinematic information (e.g. average MET or H_T) and total cross section. A degeneracy due to the spin remains, but with several hundred inverse fb of luminosity we demonstrate potentially useful new methods for determining the t' spin over a wide range of masses. Our methods could be useful for distinguishing supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric models.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
Plekocheilus breweri Breure & Schlogl 2010
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Orthalicidae
Plekocheilus
Plekocheilus breweri

description: breweri, Plekocheilus Breure & Schlögl, 2010
 Plekocheilus (Eurytus) breweri Breure & Schlögl, 2010: 57–58 (figs 2D–2G, 3C–D, 4B–4F). Gastropoda, Orthalicidae
 Paratypes (2 spc): MZSP 92471.
 Locality: Venezuela, Bolívar, Chimantá Massif, Curí-tepui, 05º16'44.9" N, 62º00'56.35" W, 2405 m depth (type locality), Feb. 2009.
 Collector: J. Schögl.
 Preservation: Dry.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Contract Duration and the Division of Labor in Agricultural Land Leases
Creators: name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
name: Hossain, Ishrat
name: Epplin, Francis M.
name: Doye, Damona G.
name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
name: Hossain, Ishrat
name: Epplin, Francis M.
name: Doye, Damona G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land lease contracts
subject: moral hazard
subject: contract duration
subject: division of labor

description: Short-term contracts provide weak incentives for durable input investment if post-contract asset transfer is difficult. Our model shows that when both agents provide inputs, optimal contract length balances weak incentives of one agent against the other. This perspective broadens the existing contract duration literature, which emphasizes the tradeoff between risk sharing and contract costs. We develop hypotheses and test them based on private grazing contracts from the Southern Great Plains. We find broad support for the implications of our model. For example, landowners provide durable land-specific inputs more often under annual versus multiyear contracts.
The well-being effects of nature and forests/Luonnon ja metsien terveysvaikutukset
Creators: name: Simkin, Jenni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Simkin was teaching at the urban forestry-course at the University of Helsinki. The course is part of master studies of forest sciences. Simkin lectured on health effects of nature and forests, and refereed students own presentations on the issue.
The Circuit Ideal of a Vector Configuration
Creators: name: Bogart, Tristram
name: Jensen, Anders N.
name: Thomas, Rekha R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P10; 52B20

description: The circuit ideal, $\ica$, of a configuration $\A = \{\a_1, ..., \a_n\} \subset \Z^d$ is the ideal generated by the binomials ${\x}^{\cc^+} - {\x}^{\cc^-} \in \k[x_1, ..., x_n]$ as $\cc = \cc^+ - \cc^- \in \Z^n$ varies over the circuits of $\A$. This ideal is contained in the toric ideal, $\ia$, of $\A$ which has numerous applications and is nontrivial to compute. Since circuits can be computed using linear algebra and the two ideals often coincide, it is worthwhile to understand when equality occurs. In this paper we study $\ica$ in relation to $\ia$ from various algebraic and combinatorial perspectives. We prove that the obstruction to equality of the ideals is the existence of certain polytopes. This result is based on a complete characterization of the standard pairs/associated primes of a monomial initial ideal of $\ica$ and their differences from those for the corresponding toric initial ideal. Eisenbud and Sturmfels proved that $\ia$ is the unique minimal prime of $\ica$ and that the embedded primes of $\ica$ are indexed by certain faces of the cone spanned by $\A$. We provide a necessary condition for a particular face to index an embedded prime and a partial converse. Finally, we compare various polyhedral fans associated to $\ia$ and $\ica$. The Gröbner fan of $\ica$ is shown to refine that of $\ia$ when the codimension of the ideals is at most two.
description: 25 pages
Kaluza-Klein from Colour-Kinematics Duality for Massive Fields
Creators: name: Momeni, Arshia
name: Rumbutis, Justinas
name: Tolley, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a broad class of massive four dimensional effective theories describing an infinite tower of charged massive spin 1 states, interacting with massless spin 1 and spin 0. The spectrum is chosen to be the same as that appears in the Kaluza-Klein theory reduction of 5d Yang-Mills to ensure the absence of any spurious poles in a possible double copy formulation. The effective theories are characterized by multiple different couplings between different fields which are unconstrained by symmetries and low energy criteria. Remarkably, by demanding that the scattering amplitudes preserve colour-kinematics duality for different scattering processes, required for the existence of a massive double copy, we find that our 4d Lagrangian is fixed uniquely to the Kaluza-Klein compactification of 5d Yang-Mills theory together with its known double copy consistent higher derivative operators.
description: Published version
Mindfulness to Manage Workplace Stress and Microaggressions
Creators: name: Thomas, Chippewa
name: Whaley, Pambanisha
name: Alabi, Jaena
Publisher: name: IFLA Continuing Professional Development and Workplace Learning, IFLA New Professionals Special Interest Group, and the American Library Association
Year: 2020
Subjects: mindfulness
stress
microaggressions
libraries

description: Navigating workplace stress and microaggressions—verbal and non-verbal messages that are invalidating or demeaning—can be difficult in any profession, but is especially challenging in service-oriented professions like librarianship. In addition to identifying and naming stressors and microaggressions, various tools can be employed to mitigate the negative effects of these encounters. This session will provide attendees with a framework—mindfulness—that can be used to help process the often-fraught interactions that may take place in our libraries. The webinar will be recorded.