Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) cordatum Smith
Creators: name: Eardley, Connal
name: Griswold, Terry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Pachyanthidium
Pachyanthidium cordatum

description: Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) cordatum (Smith)
(Figs 15–17)
Anthidium cordatum Smith, 1854: 209, female holotype (NHML) South Africa.
Anthidium (Pachyanthidium) cordatum Smith: Friese 1905: 66 –69.
Hypanthidium cordatum (Smith): Cockerell 1920: 300 –301.
Pachyanthidium cordatum (Smith): Cockerell 1930: 48.
Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) cordatum (Smith): Mavromoustakis 1963: 490 –491; Pasteels 1984: 146. Pachyanthidium cordatum swellendamense Mavromoustakis, 1963: 490, male holotype (?NHML) South Africa. Syn. nov.
Diagnosis. The hairless eye and arolia absent separate it from the other subgenera, while the black and yellow tergal maculations separate it from the bicolor species-group. From other members of the cordatum species-group the female differs by a combination of legs mostly yellow, mandible partly spatulate, with two outer teeth and 4–5 small teeth on spatulate area and a large inner tooth separated by a distinct concavity (Fig. 15). The male is distinguished by a combination of 5–6 mandibular teeth that do not conform to any pattern (Fig. 15); the posterolateral angle of the scutum not thickened and not appearing triangular in lateral view, the mesepisternum with midventral depression shallow, the legs without dark markings and T7 with a median spine that is longer than the narrow lateral spines, obtusely pointed distally and less than half as wide as the concavity between the median and lateral spines (Fig. 16).
Description. FEMALE. Lengths: head 3.0– 3.1 mm; scutum 2. 0–2.1 mm; forewing 6.3–6.7 mm; body 6.4–7.4 mm. Head and mesosoma black except yellow maculations as follows (Fig. 15, 16): clypeus, lower paraocular area, narrow outer margin of upper paraocular area, frons with spot between median ocellus and clypeus, posterior margin of vertex, anterior margin of gena, basal half of mandible, lateral margins of scutum and axilla, posterolateral scutellum, tegula with spot, mesepisternum behind omaulus (remainder of mesepisternum, metepisternum and lateral propodeum sometimes orange), posterior femora, dorsal tibiae and tarsi (remainder of legs orangish–yellow), T1–T6 laterally (distal margins translucent, except T5 distal margin translucent yellowish), most of S1–S6; scutellum, T1–T6 with distal margins translucent. Structure (Figs 15, 16). Preoccipital ridge weakly lamellate; eye naked; clypeus with ventral edge straight, 2 mediolateral tubercles; mandible partly spatulate, 2 outer teeth, 4–5 small teeth on outer spatulate area and large inner tooth; pronotal lobe strongly lamellate; omaulus lamellate; scutellum with posterior margin lamellate; forebasitarsus short and broad, length 0.6x foretibia length, 3.3x its width of forebasitarsus; arolia absent; T1–T5 without lateral spines; T6 rounded laterally, slightly lobate, without spine, extended posteriorly, distinctly cleft posteromedially.
MALE. Lengths: head 2.8–3.2 mm; scutum 1.8–2.0 mm; forewing 6.3–6.8 mm; body 6.8–7.7 mm. Colour as in female except: mandible almost entirely yellow, T7 yellow. Structure (Figs 15–16). Preoccipital ridge weakly lamellate; eye naked; clypeus with ventral edge straight, mediolateral tubercle; antennal flagellum 0.9x eye length, 3.3x scape length; mandible 5–6 dissimilar, irregular, pointed teeth; omaulus lamellate; forebasitarsus sparely pubescent, with moderately long posterior fringe; forebasitarsus length 0.6x foretibia length, 0.3x its width, not distinctly expanded distally; hind basitarsus wide, length 2.5x width; arolia absent; T1–T4 without lateral spines or swelling; T5 with slight posterolateral swelling; T 6 in one plane, extended posteromedially, ventrolateral spine, posterolateral and posteromedian tubercles, latter emarginate posteromedially; T7 with median spine longer than narrow lateral spines, obtusely pointed distally, half as wide as concavity between median and lateral spines; terminalia as in Fig. 16.
Distribution. This species appears to occur throughout much of the eastern part of South Africa (Fig. 17).
Biology. Pachyanthidium cordatum has been collected on flowers of Psoralea pinnata (Fabaceae) (Eardley and Urban 2010).
Material examined. Type material. Female holotype of Anthidium cordatum: ‘Type, B.M. TYPE HYM. 17a 1886, Anthidium cordatum Smith TYPE, cordatum Sm. Type, Pt. Natal 55.96’, NHML.
Additional material. South Africa. Soutpanbergs, 15km N Louis Trichardt, 1988. ii.8, Faulkner (1♂ BBSL); Lapalala Nature Reserve, 1987. i.21–22, R. Oberprieler (1♀ SANC); Mahlasi, 18km NE Burgersforet, 1981. xi.24, G. L. Prinsloo (1♂ SANC); Pretoria, Leeuwfontein, R. Desmier de Chenon (1♀ RMNH); Mfongosi, W. E. Jones (2♂ SANC); Kuleni farm, Hluhluwe, 1990. ii.14, C. D. Eardley (1♂ SANC); Pietermaritzburg, 1917. ii.23, C. Akerman (1♀ SANC); Umtentwini, 1973. iv.20, H. Empey (2♂ SANC); Scottbourgh, 1963. iii.15, H. Empey (1♀ SANC); Port St. John, 1916.ix–xi, H. H. Swinny (4♀ 4♂ TMSA); Algoa Bay, 1892. i.10, H. Brauns (1♀ SANC); Prince Alfred’s Hamlet, 7km N, 1986. xi.21, J. G. H. Londt (1♂ SANC); Port Alfred, 1 960. xii.3, C. F. Jacot – Guillarmod (1♂ AMGS 2576); Belmont Valley, Grahamstown, 1971. ii.7–14, 1971. xii.8–28, 1972. i.3–14, 1972. iii.1–13, 1972. iv.5–12, F.
W. Gess (7♀8♂ AMGS 2577, 2578, 2579, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2593); Coldsprings, SW Grahamstown, 1975. ii.9, C. F. Jacot–Guillarmod (1♀ AMGS 2592); Umhlanga, 1965. x.16, F. W. Gess (1♀ AMGS 14539); Grahamstown, Botanical Gardens, 2005. i.12, F. W. Gess (1♀ AMGS 14538).
Discussion. According to Mavromoustakis (1963) the holotype of P. cordatum swelendamense was deposited in NHML. We were unable to locate the holotype, thus the synonymy of P. cordatum swellendamense with P. cordatum is based on the study of the holotype of P. cordatum and the original description of P. cordatum swellendamense.
description: Published as part of Eardley, Connal & Griswold, Terry, 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of Pachyanthidium Friese (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Anthidiini), pp. 401-453 in Zootaxa 4237 (3) on pages 424-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/344704