cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Born-corrections to weak lensing of the cosmic microwave background temperature and polarisation anisotropies
Creators: name: Hagstotz, Steffen
name: Schäfer, Björn Malte
name: Merkel, Philipp M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many weak lensing calculations make use of the Born approximation where the light ray is approximated by a straight path. We examine the effect of Born-corrections for lensing of the cosmic microwave background in an analytical approach by taking perturbative corrections to the geodesic into account. The resulting extra power in the lensing potential spectrum is comparable to the power generated by nonlinear structure formation and affects especially the polarisation spectra, leading to relative changes of the order of one per cent for the $E$-mode spectrum and up to 10 per cent on all scales to the $B$-mode spectrum. In contrast, there is only little change of spectra involving the CMB temperature. Additionally, the corrections excite one more degree of freedom resulting in a deflection component which can not be described as a gradient of the lensing potential as it is related to image rotation in lens-lens coupling. We estimate the magnitude of this effect on the CMB-spectra and find it to be negligible.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to MNRAS. Added references
Additional file 10 of Complete representation of a tapeworm genome reveals chromosomes capped by centromeres, necessitating a dual role in segregation and protection
Creators: name: Olson, Peter D.
name: Tracey, Alan
name: Baillie, Andrew
name: James, Katherine
name: Doyle, Stephen R.
name: Buddenborg, Sarah K.
name: Rodgers, Faye H.
name: Holroyd, Nancy
name: Berriman, Matt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10: Figure S8. Spliced leader trans-splicing. (A) Clustering of sequences soft clipped from aligned RNA-seq reads. The most abundant clusters represent known (E. multilocularis, S. mansoni) or candidate (H. microstoma) splice leader (SL) sequences which are given in the table below. (B) The prevalence of trans-splicing in different life stages and regions of the adult worm. Genes were considered trans-spliced if > 10 SL reads (SL1, SL2 or SL3) aligned across all libraries analysed. Of these genes, plot represents instances of at least one SL read aligning in each sample. Note that there are 5x as many genes trans-spliced in larvae than in the adult samples. Three replicates per sample. (C) An example of a gene (HmN_000032200) that is trans-spliced in larval but not adult samples, visualised using Apollo. Left: track 1 shows a coverage plot of all aligned reads; track 2 represents alignments of uniquely-mapping soft-clipped reads (soft clipping represented by a thick blue bar at the end of the read). Arrow indicates accumulation of soft clipped reads at proposed SL-acceptor site. Right: Coverage plots of all aligned reads in three larval and three adult libraries. Arrows indicate proposed SL-acceptor sites present in the larval but not adult libraries. (D) Venn diagram of trans-spliced orthogroups shared between parasitic flatworms.
How far is climate change adaptation policy from practice? Contrasting effectiveness and acceptance of local and regional strategies in irrigated agricultural systems, Northern Italy
Creators: name: Ricart, S.
name: Castelletti, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Global climate change poses significant challenges to future agricultural production, with significant implications for global food security, agricultural producer livelihoods, and environmental degradation. Agricultural water systems are highly sensitive and exposed to potentially substantial climate change impacts. In fact, agriculture is the sector most affected by water scarcity, as it accounts for 70% of global freshwater withdrawals and more than 90% consumption. Farmers develop their activity supporting a complex coupled human and natural system characterized by political, economic, institutional, cultural and biophysical conditions. Furthermore, real-world climate change adaptive responses can be differentiated along a number of social, spatial and temporal dimensions, while they can be protective, in terms of taking preventive measures against negative impacts, or opportunistic as they take advantage of potential beneficial effects of climate change. Yet, adaptation can be constrained not only by technical difficulties or scientific uncertainties, but also by the absence of political will and consensus, opposed economic and cultural factors, lack of governance in decision-making processes, conflicting strategies among governments at national and local scale, and shortcoming of tangible results. Previous research highlighted how adaptation strategies and actions need to be evaluated also in terms of their acceptance by stakeholders at different levels (i.e. water authorities, irrigation districts, individual farms). The aim of this contribution is to assess the effectiveness of main climate change adaptation policies carried out in irrigated agriculture in Lombardy (Italy) with respect to what extent and under what socio-economic, environmental and cultural conditions they are being implemented to reduce the gap between theory and practice. For this purpose, we conducted a review of the literature, an evidence-based and SWOT analysis to highlight which driving factors and multi-factor criteria should be taken into account to cope with the risk of maladaptation and lack of confidence in achieving climate change adaptation goals.
Mechanisms of photoconductivity in atomically thin MoS2
Creators: name: Furchi, Marco M.
name: Polyushkin, Dmitry K.
name: Pospischil, Andreas
name: Mueller, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates for sensitive photodetection. Here, we report a photoconductivity study of biased mono- and bilayer molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors. We identify photovoltaic and photoconductive effects, which both show strong photogain. The photovoltaic effect is described as a shift in transistor threshold voltage due to charge transfer from the channel to nearby molecules, including SiO2 surface-bound water. The photoconductive effect is attributed to the trapping of carriers in band tail states in the molybdenum disulfide itself. A simple model is presented that reproduces our experimental observations, such as the dependence on incident optical power and gate voltage. Our findings offer design and engineering strategies for atomically thin molybdenum disulfide photodetectors, and we anticipate that the results are generalizable to other transition metal dichalcogenides as well.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Simple Vectorial Lie Algebras in Characteristic 2 and their Superizations
Creators: name: Bouarroudj, Sofiane
name: Grozman, Pavel
name: Lebedev, Alexei
name: Leites, Dimitry
name: Shchepochkina, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We overview the classifications of simple finite-dimensional modular Lie algebras. In characteristic 2, their list is wider than that in other characteristics; e.g., it contains desuperizations of modular analogs of complex simple vectorial Lie superalgebras. We consider odd parameters of deformations. For all 15 Weisfeiler gradings of the 5 exceptional families, and one Weisfeiler grading for each of 2 serial simple complex Lie superalgebras (with 2 exceptional subseries), we describe their characteristic-2 analogs - new simple Lie algebras. Descriptions of several of these analogs, and of their desuperizations, are far from obvious. One of the exceptional simple vectorial Lie algebras is a previously unknown deform (the result of a deformation) of the characteristic-2 version of the Lie algebra of divergence-free vector fields; this is a new simple Lie algebra with no analogs in characteristics distinct from 2. In characteristic 2, every simple Lie superalgebra can be obtained from a simple Lie algebra by one of the two methods described in arXiv:1407.1695. Most of the simple Lie superalgebras thus obtained from simple Lie algebras we describe here are new.
description: see pdf-file with index at https://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/2020/089/
Acoustic solitons in waveguides with Helmholtz resonators: transmission line approach
Creators: name: Achilleos, V.
name: Richoux, O.
name: Theocharis, G.
name: Frantzeskakis, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report experimental results and study theoretically soliton formation and propagation in an airfilled acoustic waveguide side loaded with Helmholtz resonators. Our theoretical approach relies on a transmission-line description of this setting, which leads to a nonlinear dynamical lattice model. The latter is treated analytically, by means of dynamical systems and multiscale expansion techniques, and leads to various soliton solutions for the pressure. These include Boussinesq-like and Korteweg-de Vries pulse-shaped solitons, as well as nonlinear Schröodinger envelope solitons. The analytical predictions are in excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations and in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Invariant differential operators in positive characteristic
Creators: name: Bouarroudj, Sofiane
name: Leites, Dimitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B50, 17B66, 17B56

description: We consider an analog of the problem Veblen formulated in 1928 at the IMC: classify invariant differential operators between "natural objects" (spaces of either tensor fields, or jets, in modern terms) over a real manifold of any dimension. For unary operators, the problem was solved by Rudakov (no nonscalar operators except the exterior differential); for binary ones, by Grozman (there are no operators of orders higher than 3, operators of order 2 and 3 are, bar an exception in dimension 1, compositions of order 1 operators which, up to dualization and permutation of arguments, form 8 families). In dimension one, Grozman discovered an indecomposable selfdual operator of order 3 that does not exist in higher dimensions. We solve Veblen's problem in the 1-dimensional case over the ground field of positive characteristic. In addition to analogs of the Berezin integral (strangely overlooked so far) and binary operators constructed from them, we discovered two more (up to dualization) types of indecomposable operators of however high order: analogs of the Grozman operator and a completely new type of operators.
description: 11 pages
Searching for Exoplanets with Radial Velocities from the MINERVA Telescope Array
Creators: name: AZMERA GEBRE
name: Plavchan, Peter
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: MINERVA uses four 0.7-m telescopes located atop Mt Hopkins in Arizona to observe some of the nearest and brightest stars in the sky. MINERVA employs the use of high-resolution spectroscopy to see if there is any evidence for planetary systems. From the spectroscopy, we have previously extracted the Radial Velocity (RV), or Doppler shift of the star as a function of the times of observations. The observations span several years and are unevenly sampled in time, making it impractical to use traditional analysis techniques such as the Fourier Transform. A periodogram is analogous to a Fourier Transform but applicable to unevenly sampled data. We analyze the RVs for one of these stars. The goal is to take the unsearched data and look for interesting peaks in the periodogram. Periodogram “power” peaks are indicative of the presence of a periodic signal that could be due to the stellar reflex motion of an orbiting exoplanet. After successful installation, we first used Julia to run the RVModelingToolKit on a test set of RVs from the already known system KELT-24, which possesses a massive hot Jupiter planet KELT-24 b, and we recover a periodogram peak at the known orbital period of KELT-24 b. We next modified the script to run on the MINERVA RV data sets, along with adding data headers for code compatibility. We plotted and identified outliers in the data RVs that are of lower measurement precision. These outliers are next trimmed and removed. For any peaks in the periodogram of the trimmed RV data set, we can then assess whether or not these peaks are associated with an exoplanet with an orbital period equal to the period of the peak. We construct a Keplerian model and compute an MCMC to evaluate the statistical likelihood of whether or not a planet is statistically favored to exist given our planetary model, data, and assumptions.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
title: The preferential treatment of developing countries within the World Trade Organization and its role in promoting international trade
Creators: name: Rezk, Faris
Year: 2021

description: Die Welthandelsorganisation ist seit fast drei Jahrzehnten die Spitze des internationalen Handels. Seit ihrer Gründung steht die Entwicklung, insbesondere seit Beginn der Doha-Runde der Handelsverhandlungen, auf ihrer Agenda. Diese Masterarbeit untersucht die historische Entwicklung des multilateralen Handelssystems durch seine verschiedenen Runden von Handelsverhandlungen im Kontext der Entwicklung und berücksichtigt dabei die empirische Evidenz, die die Variablen rund um die besondere und ehrerbietige Behandlung von Entwicklungsländern und am wenigsten entwickelten Ländern beleuchtet, heute eine Mehrheit innerhalb der Welthandelsorganisation. Die Welthandelsorganisation, die sich nun über zwei Jahrzehnte erstreckt und nur marginale Leistungen erbracht hat, hat ihre Entwicklungsziele während der Doha-Runde nicht erreicht. Dies hat viele Skeptiker dazu veranlasst, in Frage zu stellen, ob das derzeitige Verhandlungsmodell „bei dem nichts vereinbart wird, bis alles vereinbart ist“ der beste Ansatz für die Zukunft ist. In diesem Zusammenhang bewertet diese Masterarbeit Reformvorschläge, die den Regelsetzungsaktivitäten im Kontext der Entwicklungsziele mehr Flexibilität verleihen und die Organisation potenziell vor endlosen Blockaden bewahren könnten, während gleichzeitig die Koexistenz von Multilateralismus und Plurilateralismus in einer Weise in Betracht erwogen wird, die das internationale Handelssystem vor weiterer Fragmentierung bewahren könnte.
description: The World Trade Organization has been the pinnacle of international trade for almost three decades. Since its inception development has been a key item on its agenda especially since the beginning of the Doha round of trade negotiations. This thesis investigates the historical evolution of the multilateral trading system through its various rounds of trade negotiations in the context of development, while giving due considering to the empirical evidence that sheds light on variables surrounding the special and deferential treatment of developing and least-developed countries, today a majority within the World Trade Organization. Spanning over two decades now, and with only marginal accomplishments the World Trade Organization has failed to deliver on its development goals during the Doha round. This has led many skeptics to question whether the current negotiation model “where nothing is agreed until everything is agreed” is the best approach moving forward. In this regard, this thesis evaluates reform proposals that provide more flexibility to the rule making activities in the context of the development objectives and could potentially save the Organization from unending deadlocks while at the same time contemplating the coexistence of multilateralism with plurilateralism in a manner that could spare the international trading system from further fragmentation.
Effects of applied strain on radiation damage generation in body-centered cubic iron
Creators: name: Beeler, Benjamin
name: Asta, Mark
name: Hosemann, Peter
name: Grønbech-Jensen, Niels
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiation damage in body-centered cubic (BCC) Fe has been extensively studied by computer simulations to quantify effects of temperature, impinging particle energy, and the presence of extrinsic particles. However, limited investigation has been conducted into the effects of mechanical stresses and strain. In a reactor environment, structural materials are often mechanically strained, and an expanded understanding of how this strain affects the generation of defects may be important for predicting microstructural evolution and damage accumulation under such conditions. In this study, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations in which various types of homogeneous strains are applied to BCC Fe and the effect on defect generation is examined. It is found that volume-conserving shear strains yield no statistically significant variations in the stable number of defects created via cascades in BCC Fe. However, strains that result in volume changes are found to produce significant effects on defect generation.
description: 14 pages, eight figures
Analyzing modal noise in non-circular core fibers using a python script to visualize the standard deviation of light intensity across multiple images to reduce modal noise in spectrograph instrumentation
Creators: name: ALEXANDER J. DORSEY
name: Plavchan, Peter
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: In astronomy, spectrographs may be used to generate radial velocities (RVs) which can then detect the existence of an exoplanet. This radial velocity method, or doppler method, is among the most popular and successful methods of exoplanet detection (along with the transit method), however, most are taken in the visible spectrum. By shifting the focus towards the near-infrared, smaller terrestrial planets could be discovered orbiting cooler M Dwarf stars. In 2012, Dr. Peter Plavchan and his colleagues constructed a non-circular core fiber scrambler designed to couple starlight through fibers of varying diameter, length, and shape, minimizing modal noise in the process, with the purpose of precisely measuring radial velocities in the near-infrared H band. This scrambler, which is capable of imaging both fiber cross-sections as well as the final resulting spectra of stars, was used to take numerous exposures with targets including SV Peg, Vega, and Arcturus. We wrote a python program that creates several different plots that aid in visualizing the FITS file data of the fiber cross-sections as a normalized plot of the light spread function of the CDC pixel counts over their pixel position. The script also calculates the standard deviation of the modal noise across images. We try to improve upon the ranges used to create the plots and from which we calculate the standard deviation with the goal of increasing the accuracy of the standard deviation of the modal noise across images. It was discovered that the 200 micron octagonal agitated fiber reduced the most modal noise. In general, it was found that fibers longer in length, octagonal in core shape, and continuously and randomly agitated are the most efficient for successful spectroscopy.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Nonexistence of time-periodic solutions of the Dirac equation in nonextreme Kerr-Newman-AdS spacetime
Creators: name: Wang, Yaohua
name: Zhang, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In non-extreme Kerr-Newman-AdS spacetime, we prove that there is no nontrivial Dirac particle which is $L^p$ for $0q κ$, outside and away from the event horizon. By taking $q=\frac{1}{2}$, we show that there is no normalizable massive Dirac particle with mass greater than $\fracκ{2} $ outside and away from the event horizon in non-extreme Kerr-Newman-AdS spacetime, and they must either disappear into the black hole or escape to infinity, and this recovers the same result of Belgiorno and Cacciatori in the case of $Q=0$ obtained by using spectral methods. Furthermore, we prove that any Dirac particle with eigenvalue $|λ|<\fracκ{2}$ must be $L^2$ outside and away from the event horizon.
description: 14 pages. The electromagnetic vector potential A (page 2) is corrected, which revises the right expressions of D_{r\pm} (page 6), L_{\theta \pm} (page 6), \alpha_1 (page 6) and \alpha_2 (page 7). It gives \alpha_1 (page 9) is of o(1/r), and results all |\lambda|>|Q|+q\kappa, |Q|+\kappa/2, and \lambda<-|Q|-q\kappa are changes to |\lambda|>q\kappa, \kappa/2, and \lambda<-q\kappa respectively
title: Die Heil- und Pflegeanstalt der Stadt Wien in Ybbs an der Donau im Nationalsozialismus
Creators: name: Payerl, Melanie
Year: 2021

description: Im Zentrum dieser Masterarbeit steht die Heil- und Pflegeanstalt der Stadt Wien in Ybbs an der Donau während dem Nationalsozialismus. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wird die Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Ybbs aus verschiedenen Perspektiven dargestellt. Zum einen wird die Rolle der Institution als Zwischenanstalt während der „Aktion T4“, zum anderen werden die ärztlichen Handlungsräume des Pflegepersonals dargestellt. Zum Dritten wird versucht eine Krankenakte eines in Ybbs stationär aufgenommenen und in Hartheim ermordeten Patienten aus der Sicht des Patienten zu erläutern. Zu Beginn wird eine Kontextualisierung des Euthanasiebegriffs vorgenommen, darüber hinaus erfolgt eine Beschreibung der „Aktion T4“. In einem weiteren Kapitel werden die Funktionen der Heil- und Pflegeanstalten während des NS-Regimes erläutert. Das größte Kapitel widmet sich der Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Ybbs vor sowie während dem Nationalsozialismus. In einem Vergleichskapitel werden einerseits die Opferzahlen der „Aktion T4“ der Anstalten Mauer-Öhling, Ybbs und Gugging gegenübergestellt, andererseits wird ein Vergleich der ärztlichen Handlungsräume der Heil- und Pflegeanstalten Hall in Tirol, Gugging und Ybbs vorgenommen. Den Abschluss bildet ein Kapitel, welches sich der Erinnerung der T4-Opfer in Ybbs widmet. Verglichen mit den bereits bestehenden Arbeiten von Keusch (1990) (Thöni (2000), die sich ebenfalls mit der Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Ybbs auseinandersetzen, steht in dieser Arbeit nicht nur die „Aktion T4“ im Zentrum, sondern Institution zwischen 1939-1945 als Ganzes. Während der „Aktion T4“ fungierte die Ybbser Anstalt als Zwischenanstalt für Patient*innen aus der Anstalt „Am Steinhof“, zwischen August 1941 bis Jänner 1942 wurde vorübergehend eine Jugendfürsorgeanstalt in Ybbs eingerichtet und ab Februar 1942 bis Oktober 1944 diente die Anstalt als Reservelazarett für Wehrmachtssoldaten. Letztlich wurde ab Oktober 1944 bis Kriegsende ein Kriegslazarett eingerichtet. Was die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Analyse der Krankenakten betrifft, muss hervorgehoben werden, dass diese keinesfalls als vollständig angesehen werden dürfen, sondern vielmehr als lückenhaft.
description: The focus of this master-thesis is the sanatorium and nursing home in Ybbs, a city in Lower Austria, during the National Socialism. The sanatorium and nursing home in Ybbs was called „Zwischenanstalt“ during the nazi regime, that played a central role during the Nazi-killing-euthanasia-programm. / This work shows different perspectives from the sanatorium an nursing home in Ybbs. On the one ha
Cosmologically Varying Kinetic Mixing
Creators: name: Gan, Xucheng
name: Liu, Di
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: mixing: kinetic
dark matter: production
charge: 2
gaugino: Dirac
correction: quantum
equivalence principle: violation
model: minimal
fundamental constant: fine structure
tension
charge conjugation
suppression
oscillation
photon
naturalness
messenger
embedding
history

description: The portal connecting the invisible and visible sectors is one of the most natural explanations of the dark world. However, the early-time dark matter production via the portal faces extremely stringent late-time constraints. To solve such tension, we construct the scalar-controlled kinetic mixing varying with the ultralight CP-even scalar's cosmological evolution. To realize this and eliminate the constant mixing, we couple the ultralight scalar within the mass range $10^{-33}\text{eV} \lesssim m_0 \ll \text{eV}$ with the heavy doubly charged messengers and impose the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry under the dark charge conjugation. Via the varying mixing, the $\text{keV}-\text{MeV}$ dark photon dark matter is produced through the early-time freeze-in when the scalar is misaligned from the origin and free from the late-time exclusions when the scalar does the damped oscillation and dynamically sets the kinetic mixing. We also find that the scalar-photon coupling emerges from the underlying physics, which changes the cosmological history and provides the experimental targets based on the fine-structure constant variation and the equivalence principle violation. To protect the scalar naturalness, we discretely re-establish the broken shift symmetry by embedding the minimal model into the $\mathbb{Z}_N$-protected model. When $N \sim 10$, the scalar's mass quantum correction can be suppressed much below $10^{-33}\text{eV}$. Moreover, utilizing two different methods, we precisely calculate the $\mathbb{Z}_N$-invariant Coleman-Weinberg potential to arbitrary orders. Finally, we explore the varying kinetic mixing in the Dirac gaugino model and the dark matter models via other varying portals.
Search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one tau lepton in 20 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton and zero or one additional light leptons (electron/muon), has been performed using 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in the various signal regions and 95% confidence level upper limits on the visible cross section for new phenomena are set. The results of the analysis are interpreted in several SUSY scenarios, significantly extending previous limits obtained in the same final states. In the framework of minimal gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models, values of the SUSY breaking scale $Λ$ below 63 TeV are excluded, independently of tan$β$. Exclusion limits are also derived for an mSUGRA/CMSSM model, in both the R-parity-conserving and R-parity-violating case. A further interpretation is presented in a framework of natural gauge mediation, in which the gluino is assumed to be the only light coloured sparticle and gluino masses below 1090 GeV are excluded.
description: 40 pages plus author list + cover pages (63 pages total), 11 figures, 10 tables, submitted to JHEP, all figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2013-10/
title: Humorvolle Handlungsstrategien für Lehrkräfte im Schulunterricht
Creators: name: Hinterberger, Lorenz
Year: 2021

description: Richtiger Einsatz von Humor im Unterricht wirkt sich positiv auf die Motivation und die Lernerfolge der Lernenden aus. Durch eine Studie wurden Handlungsstrategien für Lehrkräfte eruiert, um Humor adäquat in den Unterricht implementieren zu können.
Additional file 12 of Complete representation of a tapeworm genome reveals chromosomes capped by centromeres, necessitating a dual role in segregation and protection
Creators: name: Olson, Peter D.
name: Tracey, Alan
name: Baillie, Andrew
name: James, Katherine
name: Doyle, Stephen R.
name: Buddenborg, Sarah K.
name: Rodgers, Faye H.
name: Holroyd, Nancy
name: Berriman, Matt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 12: Figure S10. The terminal centromeric repeat of chromosome 2. A dotter plot shows that the centromeric repeat not only contains a second dominant repeat motif but is also interspersed with other repetitive elements, unlike the other chromosomes that exhibit a tandem array comprised entirely of the novel 179mer. Within the interstitial sequences we find the top blastx hit to Gag-Pol polyprotein, indicating the centromere has been invaded by transposable elements.
Quantising proper actions on Spin$^c$-manifolds
Creators: name: Hochs, Peter
name: Mathai, Varghese
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Paradan and Vergne generalised the quantisation commutes with reduction principle of Guillemin and Sternberg from symplectic to Spin$^c$-manifolds. We extend their result to noncompact groups and manifolds. This leads to a result for cocompact actions, and a result for non-cocompact actions for reduction at zero. The result for cocompact actions is stated in terms of $K$-theory of group $C^*$-algebras, and the result for non-cocompact actions is an equality of numerical indices. In the non-cocompact case, the result generalises to Spin$^c$-Dirac operators twisted by vector bundles. This yields an index formula for Braverman's analytic index of such operators, in terms of characteristic classes on reduced spaces.
description: 61 pages. Added a result on Spin-c Dirac operators twisted by vector bundles
Additional file 3 of Complete representation of a tapeworm genome reveals chromosomes capped by centromeres, necessitating a dual role in segregation and protection
Creators: name: Olson, Peter D.
name: Tracey, Alan
name: Baillie, Andrew
name: James, Katherine
name: Doyle, Stephen R.
name: Buddenborg, Sarah K.
name: Rodgers, Faye H.
name: Holroyd, Nancy
name: Berriman, Matt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S1. Mitochondrial genome. The 13,919 bp Hymenolepis microstoma mitochondrial genome was re-assembled from both short and long-read data, yielding over 1000x coverage. The new assembly resolved the full length of a region involving a tandemly repeated 32 bp motif (cf. GenBank accession AP017665.1). This region is identified as one of three origins of replication-heavy strand (OH-a) by MITOS [61] and an adjacent hairpin-loop region as the origin of replication-light strand (OL). Gene order of ribosomal and protein-coding genes is consistent with the hypothesized ground-plan for the mitogenomes of parasitic flatworms as is the absence of the atp8 gene [89].
Localization and mass spectra of various matter fields on scalar-tensor brane
Creators: name: Xie, Qun-Ying
name: Zhao, Zhen-Hua
name: Zhong, Yi
name: Yang, Jie
name: Zhou, Xiang-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a new scalar-tensor braneworld model was presented in [Phys. Rev. \textbf{D 86} (2012) 127502]. It not only solves the gauge hierarchy problem but also reproduces a correct Friedmann-like equation on the brane. In this new model, there are two different brane solutions, for which the mass spectra of gravity on the brane are the same. In this paper, we investigate localization and mass spectra of various bulk matter fields (i.e., scalar, vector, Kalb-Ramond, and fermion fields) on the brane. It is shown that the zero modes of all the matter fields can be localized on the positive tension brane under some conditions, and the mass spectra of each kind of bulk matter field for the two brane solutions are different, which implies that the two brane solutions are not physically equivalent.
description: v3: 24 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Observational Constraints on Circumplanetary Material Orbiting a Young Exoplanet
Creators: name: ADITEYA BANERJEE
name: Plavchan, Peter
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Astronomers' study of the formation and evolution of exoplanets has led them to explore the connection between disks of debris around stars and the presence of planetary companions, particularly orbiting M dwarfs. Among these fascinating systems, the AU Mic b exoplanet stands out as a potential target for studying circumplanetary material, which has not been conclusively directly observed before. This research aims to investigate the role of secondary thermal eclipses in assessing the presence of exoplanets with circumplanetary debris, to observationally constrain the relationship between planetary formation and circumstellar debris around young stars. The study of secondary eclipses, occurring when an exoplanet moves behind its parent star, presents a unique chance to directly assess the exoplanet's thermal radiation. Moreover, young stars with planetary companions will exhibit a unique thermal pattern during secondary eclipses, reflecting the presence of circumplanetary material surrounding the exoplanet. This is achieved by obtaining measurements of the emitted flux directly from the illuminated dayside of the planet during secondary eclipses, along with phase curves captured at various illumination angles. By comparing and contrasting the thermal characteristics of the primary and secondary eclipses, we expect to observe distinct thermal signals associated with the presence of circumplanetary debris. This research will pave the way for future understanding of exoplanetary systems and their formation.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Three-dimensional Dirac oscillator in a thermal bath
Creators: name: Pacheco, M. H.
name: Maluf, R. V.
name: Almeida, C. A. S.
name: Landim, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal properties of the three-dimensional Dirac oscillator are considered. The canonical partition function is determined, and the high-temperature limit is assessed. The degeneracy of energy levels and their physical implications on the main thermodynamic functions are analyzed, revealing that these functions assume values greater than the one-dimensional case. So that at high temperatures, the limit value of the specific heat is three times bigger.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Text improved, references added. Revised to match accepted version in Europhysics Letters B
Laboratory tests of Lorentz and CPT symmetry with muons
Creators: name: Gomes, Andre H.
name: Kostelecky, Alan
name: Vargas, Arnaldo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prospects are explored for testing Lorentz and CPT symmetry in the muon sector via the spectroscopy of muonium and various muonic atoms, and via measurements of the anomalous magnetic moments of the muon and antimuon. The effects of Lorentz-violating operators of both renormalizable and nonrenormalizable dimensions are included. We derive observable signals, extract first constraints from existing data on a variety of coefficients for Lorentz and CPT violation, and estimate sensitivities attainable in forthcoming experiments. The potential of Lorentz violation to resolve the proton radius puzzle and the muon anomaly discrepancy is discussed.
description: 24 pages two-column REVTeX, version published in Physical Review D
Improved self-energy correction method for accurate and efficient band structure calculation
Creators: name: Xue, Kan-Hao
name: Yuan, Jun-Hui
name: Fonseca, Leonardo R. C.
name: Miao, Xiang-Shui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LDA-1/2 method for self-energy correction is a powerful tool for calculating accurate band structures of semiconductors, while keeping the computational load as low as standard LDA. Nevertheless, controversies remain regarding the arbitrariness of choice between (1/2)e and (1/4)e charge stripping from the atoms in group IV semiconductors, the incorrect direct band gap predicted for Ge, and inaccurate band structures for III-V semiconductors. Here we propose an improved method named shell-LDA-1/2 (shLDA-1/2 for short), which is based on a shell-like trimming function for the self-energy potential. With the new approach, we obtained accurate band structures for group IV, and for III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors. In particular, we reproduced the complete band structure of Ge in good agreement with experimental data. Moreover, we have defined clear rules for choosing when (1/2)e or (1/4)e charge ought to be stripped in covalent semiconductors, and for identifying materials for which shLDA-1/2 is expected to fail.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Optimization of Nucleo-Cytosol Separation to capture EZH2 subcellular localization in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers
Creators: name: LENA HASAN
name: RUSUL ABDULRAZZAQ
name: AANYA KOLLI
name: Abduljalil Alsubaie
name: Mariaelena Pierobon
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: EZH2 is a protein subunit known for its role in transcriptional expression and repression. Recent studies have detected EZH2 to be overexpressed in prostate, lung, and breast cancer and therefore is thought to have a part in decreasing drug efficiency. Since its presence is over-detected in these cancers, it is intrinsic to identify the location of EZH2 and whether it is present in the nucleus or cytosol to understand its role in lung carcinogenesis and develop targeted treatments. In this study, three commercially available lung cancer cell lines H2228, H522, and A427 were used to optimize the nucleo-cytosol separation technique. Aggregates of 2 million, 4 million, and 6 million cells were tested to establish the optimal input material for the separation. From each condition, the nucleus and cytosol were extracted using a commercially available kit (NE-Per Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extraction Reagents from Thermo Scientific) and Western Blot analysis was used to determine the level of purity of each cellular compartment using a cytosolic (HSP90) and a nucleus (PARP) marker. Different washing protocols were also tested to assure purity of each compartment. Based on previous trials, an optimal protocol needs to be established for each cell line. For example, it was determined that the A427 cell line required 6 million cells with one wash during the nucleo-cytosol separation for optimal separation of the two cellular compartments while the H 2228 cell line showed the clearest results when an aggregate of 2 million cells was washed once during the nucleo-cytosol separation. Conservely, the western blot of the H522 cell line was non-compliant with any of the detailed aggregate amounts whether or not washed. Further trials need to be conducted with the H522 cell line using a higher aggregate of cells in order to view clear results. Nonetheless, this technique is critical to discovering the presence of EZH2 and phosphorylated EZH2 in the nucleus and cytosol, playing an important role in determining how EZH2 interferes in cancer treatment.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
title: Cloudifizierung von IT-Infrastrukturen - Aufbau einer modernen Architektur zum Datenmanagement in der Cloud
Creators: name: Kolberg, Christoph
Publisher: name: Hochschulbibliothek der Technischen Hochschule Köln
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000 Allgemeines, Informatik, Informationswissenschaft

description: Cloud Computing ist der zentrale Faktor zur Beschleunigung der Digitalisierung in Deutschland und wird in den kommenden Jahren eine wichtige Rolle in jedem deutschen Unternehmen spielen. Für Unternehmen wird es dabei um die Umsetzung von Cloud-Strategien und die praktische Einbindung in die täglichen Betriebsprozesse gehen. Zusätzlich müssen Unternehmen ihre bestehende Datenlandschaft in moderne Architekturen zum Datenmanagement in die Cloud migrieren. Dabei können Unternehmen auf eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen unternehmensweiten Datenarchitekturen zurückgreifen. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit gibt eine Einführung in die aktuelle Entwicklung von Cloud Computing und erläutert, mit Data Fabric, Data Lakehouse und Data Mesh, drei unternehmensweite Datenarchitekturen für die Cloud. Data Fabric, Data Lakehouse und Data Mesh bilden dabei aktuell die modernsten Konzepte für unternehmensweite Datenarchitekturen. Zusätzlich werden ein Data Lakehouse und ein Data Mesh in einer ausgewählten Cloud-Umgebungen entworfen, prototypisch aufgebaut und praktisch analysiert. Ziel der Masterarbeit ist es, die unternehmensweiten Datenarchitekturen in der Cloud zu erläutern, konkrete technologische Architekturen zu entwerfen und entsprechende Hinweise zu Aufwandstreibern in Unternehmen zu identifizieren.
EIT-related phenomena and their mechanical analogs
Creators: name: Souza, J. A.
name: Cabral, L.
name: Oliveira, R. R.
name: Villas-Boas, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems of interacting classical harmonic oscillators have received considerable attention in the last years as analog models for describing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and associated phenomena. We review these models and investigate their validity for a variety of physical systems using two- and three-coupled harmonic oscillators. From the simplest EIT-$Λ$ configuration and two-coupled single cavity modes we show that each atomic dipole-allowed transition and a single cavity mode can be represented by a damped harmonic oscillator. Thus, we have established a one-to-one correspondence between the classical and quantum dynamical variables. We show the limiting conditions and the equivalent for the EIT dark state in the mechanical system. This correspondence is extended to other systems that present EIT-related phenomena. Examples of such systems are two- and three-level (cavity EIT) atoms interacting with a single mode of an optical cavity, and four-level atoms in a inverted-Y and tripod configurations. The established equivalence between the mechanical and the cavity EIT systems, presented here for the first time, has been corroborated by experimental data. The analysis of the probe response of all these systems also brings to light a physical interpretation for the expectation value of the photon annihilation operator $\left\langle a\right\rangle$. We show it can be directly related to the electric susceptibility of systems, the composition of which includes a driven cavity field mode.
description: 20 pages and 15 figures
title: Cyclisch konjugierte 5- und 7-Ringsysteme, II 6-Amino- sowie 6-Hydroxy-Fulvene und deren Aza-Analoga
Creators: name: Hafner, Klaus
name: Schulz, Günter
name: Wagner, Klaus
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023

description: Durch nucleophile Substitution werden 6-Dialkylamino-fulvene in 6-Amino-fulvene sowie Acylcyclopentadiene oder deren Derivate übergeführt. Mit einigen der von Meerwein beschriebenen Carbonium-Oxonium-Immonium-Salzen reagiert Cyclopentadien-natrium unter Bildung von 6.6-disubstituierten Fulvenen. Die Reaktivität sowie die UV-Spektren und Dipolmomente der so erhaltenen, gekreuzt konjugierten Keten-acetale und -aminale zeigen den starken Einfluß von Substituenten am exocyclischen C-Atom auf die cyclische Konjugation der Fulvene. Die leicht zugänglichen, bisher unbekannten 6-Amino-6-aza-fulvene – Hydrazone des monomeren Cyclopentadienons – gleichen in ihren Eigenschaften den 6-Amino-fulvenen.
Whipping of electrified visco-capillary jets in airflows
Creators: name: Arne, Walter
name: Marheineke, Nicole
name: Perez-Saborid, Miguel
name: Rivero-Rodriguez, Javier
name: Wegener, Raimund
name: Wieland, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34B08, 65Lxx, 76-XX

description: An electrified visco-capillary jet shows different dynamic behavior, such as cone forming, breakage into droplets, whipping and coiling, depending on the considered parameter regime. The whipping instability that is of fundamental importance for electrospinning has been approached by means of stability analysis in previous papers. In this work we alternatively propose a model framework in which the instability can be computed straightforwardly as the stable stationary solution of an asymptotic Cosserat rod description. For this purpose, we adopt a procedure by Ribe (Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 2004) describing the jet dynamics with respect to a frame rotating with the a priori unknown whipping frequency that itself becomes part of the solution. The rod model allows for stretching, bending and torsion, taking into account inertia, viscosity, surface tension, electric field and air drag. For the resulting parametric boundary value problem of ordinary differential equations we present a continuation-collocation method. On top of an implicit Runge-Kutta scheme of fifth order, our developed continuation procedure makes the efficient and robust simulation and navigation through a high-dimensional parameter space possible. Despite the simplicity of the employed electric force model the numerical results are convincing, the whipping effect is qualitatively well characterized.
A Simple Multi-Modality Transfer Learning System for End-to-End Sign Language Summarization
Creators: name: MIHIR KULSHRESHTHA
name: Ziyu Yao
name: Parth Pathak
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Sign languages are fully-fledged visual languages that are used by over 466 million deaf and hard-of-hearing people worldwide. With its own grammar and lexicon conveyed through manual and non-manual markers, sign languages are not understood by most hearing people and are not supported by communication technologies. Recently, promising progress in sign language recognition and translation have contributed to decreasing the communication barrier. However, little work has been done in downstream sign language processing. Current systems perform downstream tasks through a cascade of models. Specifically, summarizing the meaning of a long sign language video would be achieved via a cascade of sign language recognition and text summarization models. These types of cascading models allow errors to propagate from one task to the next and are computationally inefficient. Instead, we propose to build an end-to-end model which directly generates a summary given the sign language video. The model will be constructed using the How2 and How2Sign datasets. With its simplicity, this model can serve as a solid baseline for future research in downstream sign language processing.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)