cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Summary report on the methodological framework at micro level
Creators: name: Povellato, Andrea
name: Lasorella, Valentina
name: Longhitano, Davide
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: The environmental impact assessment of rural development policies is an issue that needs to be constantly monitored by both practitioners and policy makers within the EU and its Member States. Impact assessment methodologies are well established in the literature on agri-environmental policies, both at micro and macro scale, considering different public goods (water, biodiversity, etc.) as specific foci of these policies. However, there are several challenges and gaps related to their use, concerning both the fitness of indicators, models and methodologies for the expected outcomes, and the adoption of the most suitable scale for the analysis.
 This report presents a conceptual framework in order to systematise the most commonly used methodologies to assess micro-level environmental performance of agricultural policies. It deals with issues relating to the specific use for some methodologies (or models, or indicators) for a single public good, aiming to contribute to systematise the current knowledge on evaluation methods. It tries to clarify the role of methodologies and their integration in the evaluation process, particularly to fill the gap of knowledge of the agriculture-environment relationships within the complexity of multi-scale and multi-levels approaches.
 From a micro-level perspective, it is important to consider the role of individuals and analyse in depth the different forms of organisation (spatial, networks, hierarchies) and interactions among different organisational and intervening levels. Only with multi-scale integration and the combination of results it is possible to efficiently generalise (up-scale) micro-level results in a macro-level perspective. Field measurements, farm management surveys and farming system models essentially refer to the farm as the simplest management unit of an agricultural system, analysed from the point of view of a farmer who decides whether or not to participate in rural development schemes.
 In most of the case study areas only naïve quantitative analysis has been applied due to difficulties in data availability and data access, with negative effects from the methodological point of view when the statistical significance of the parameters was not verified. The statistics-based approach to the counterfactual needs well-defined samples with a sufficient number of observations to perform regression models and spatial analysis.
title: Übersetzung in Spanisch: Herzschwäche. Herzschwäche - Was für Sie wichtig ist. 2. Auflage
Creators: name: Ärztliches Zentrum Für Qualität In Der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Publisher: name: Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Kurzinformation für Patienten
A new 5d description of 6d D-type minimal conformal matter
Creators: name: Hayashi, Hirotaka
name: Kim, Sung-Soo
name: Lee, Kimyeong
name: Taki, Masato
name: Yagi, Futoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new 5d description of the circle-compactified 6d $(D_{N+4}, D_{N+4})$ minimal conformal matter theory which can be approached by the 6d $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ $Sp(N)$ gauge theory with $N_f=2N+8$ flavors and one tensor multiplet. Compactifying the brane set-up for the 6d theory, we arrive at a 5-brane Tao diagram for 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ $SU(N+2)$ theory of the vanishing Chern-Simons level with $2N+8$ flavors. We conjecture that the 6d theory is recovered as the UV fixed point of this 5d theory. We show that the global symmetry of this 5d theory is $SO(4N+16)$ identical to that of the 6d theory by analyzing the 7-brane monodromy. By using the Tao diagram, we also find the instanton fugacity is exactly given by the circle radius. By decoupling flavors in this 5d theory, one can obtain all the 5d $SU(N+2)$ gauge theories of various Chern-Simons levels and corresponding enhanced global symmetries at the 5d UV fixed point.
description: v1: 21 pages, 10 figures. v2: mirror correction and references added. v3: published version
Effects of flight speed upon muscle activity in hummingbirds
Creators: name: Hedrick, Tyson L.
name: Powers, Donald R.
name: Biewener, Andrew A.
name: Warrick, Douglas R.
name: Tobalske, Bret W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Hummingbirds have the smallest body size and highest wingbeat frequencies of all flying vertebrates, so they represent one endpoint for evaluating the effects of body size on sustained muscle function and flight performance. Other bird species vary neuromuscular recruitment and contractile behavior to accomplish flight over a wide range of speeds, typically exhibiting a U-shaped curve with maxima at the slowest and fastest flight speeds. To test whether the high wingbeat frequencies and aerodynamically active upstroke of hummingbirds lead to different patterns, we flew rufous hummingbirds (
S2 ARG_CRISPR_Cas from Genome-wide correlation analysis suggests different roles of CRISPR-Cas systems in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in diverse species.
Creators: name: Saadlee Shehreen
name: Te-Yuan Chyou
name: Fineran, Peter C.
name: Brown, Chris M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes, and in their canonical role in phage defence, they confer a fitness advantage. However, CRISPR-Cas may also hinder the uptake of potentially beneficial genes. This is particularly true under antibiotic selection, where preventing the uptake of antibiotic resistance genes could be detrimental. Newly discovered features within these evolutionary dynamics are anti-CRISPR genes, which inhibit specific CRISPR-Cas systems. We hypothesized that selection for antibiotic resistance might have resulted in an accumulation of anti-CRISPR genes in genomes that harbour CRISPR-Cas systems and horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes. To assess that question, we analysed correlations between the CRISPR-Cas, anti-CRISPR and antibiotic resistance gene content of 104 947 reference genomes, including 5677 different species. In most species, the presence of CRISPR-Cas systems did not correlate with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. However, in some clinically important species, we observed either a positive or negative correlation of CRISPR-Cas with antibiotic resistance genes. Anti-CRISPR genes were common enough in four species to be analysed. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the presence of anti-CRISPRs was associated with antibiotic resistance genes. This analysis indicates that the role of CRISPR-Cas and anti-CRISPRs in the spread of antibiotic resistance, is likely to be very different in particular pathogenic species and clinical environments.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
(1472) Cecil Arthur Tennant
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Does This App Respect My Privacy? Design and Evaluation of Information Materials Supporting Privacy-Related Decisions of Smartphone Users
Creators: name: Kulyk, Oksana
name: Gerber, Paul
name: Marky, Karola
name: Beckmann, Christopher
name: Volkamer, Melanie
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019

description: Over the years, the wide-spread usage of smartphones leads to large amounts of personal data being stored by them. These data, in turn, can be accessed by the apps installed on the smartphones, and potentially misused, jeopardizing the privacy of smartphone users. While the app stores provide indicators that allow an estimation of the privacy risks of individual apps, these indicators have repeatedly been shown as too confusing for the lay users without technical expertise. We have developed an information flyer with the goal of providing decision support for these users and enabling them make more informed decisions regarding their privacy upon choosing and installing smartphone apps. Our flyer is based on previous research in mental models of smartphone privacy and security and includes heuristics for choosing privacy-friendlier apps used by IT-Security experts. It also addresses common misconceptions of users regarding smartphones. The flyer was evaluated in a user study. The results of the study show, that the users who read the flyer tend to take privacy-relevant factors into account by relying on the heuristics in the flyer more often. Hence, the flyer succeeds in supporting users in making more informed privacy-related decisions.
Harbourne constants and arrangements of lines on smooth hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^3_{\mathbb{C}}$
Creators: name: Pokora, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we find a bound for the so-called global linear Harbourne constants for smooth hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^{3}_{\mathbb{C}}$
description: 5 pages. This is the final version, incorporating the suggestions of the referee. To appear in Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics
S5_ARG_database from Genome-wide correlation analysis suggests different roles of CRISPR-Cas systems in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in diverse species.
Creators: name: Saadlee Shehreen
name: Te-Yuan Chyou
name: Fineran, Peter C.
name: Brown, Chris M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes, and in their canonical role in phage defence, they confer a fitness advantage. However, CRISPR-Cas may also hinder the uptake of potentially beneficial genes. This is particularly true under antibiotic selection, where preventing the uptake of antibiotic resistance genes could be detrimental. Newly discovered features within these evolutionary dynamics are anti-CRISPR genes, which inhibit specific CRISPR-Cas systems. We hypothesized that selection for antibiotic resistance might have resulted in an accumulation of anti-CRISPR genes in genomes that harbour CRISPR-Cas systems and horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes. To assess that question, we analysed correlations between the CRISPR-Cas, anti-CRISPR and antibiotic resistance gene content of 104 947 reference genomes, including 5677 different species. In most species, the presence of CRISPR-Cas systems did not correlate with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. However, in some clinically important species, we observed either a positive or negative correlation of CRISPR-Cas with antibiotic resistance genes. Anti-CRISPR genes were common enough in four species to be analysed. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the presence of anti-CRISPRs was associated with antibiotic resistance genes. This analysis indicates that the role of CRISPR-Cas and anti-CRISPRs in the spread of antibiotic resistance, is likely to be very different in particular pathogenic species and clinical environments.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
Posterior propriety in Bayesian extreme value analyses using reference priors
Creators: name: Northrop, Paul J.
name: Attalides, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62F15, 62G32

description: The Generalized Pareto (GP) and Generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions play an important role in extreme value analyses, as models for threshold excesses and block maxima respectively. For each of these distributions we consider Bayesian inference using "reference" prior distributions (in the general sense of priors constructed using formal rules) for the model parameters, specifically a Jeffreys prior, the maximal data information (MDI) prior and independent uniform priors on separate model parameters. We investigate the important issue of whether these improper priors lead to proper posterior distributions. We show that, in the GP and GEV cases, the MDI prior, unless modified, never yields a proper posterior and that in the GEV case this also applies to the Jeffreys prior. We also show that a sample size of three (four) is sufficient for independent uniform priors to yield a proper posterior distribution in the GP (GEV) case.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures; typo corrected on page 5 (line -2, Euler's constant corrected to approx. 0.57722). The final publication is available at http://www3.stat.sinica.edu.tw/preprint/SS-14-034_preprint.pdf or http://dx.doi.org/10.5705/ss.2014.034
title: Technologieakzeptanz Digitaler Medien bei Universitätsstudierenden verschiedener Fächer und Berufstätigen gleichen Alters
title: Technology acceptance of digital media among university students of different subjects and professionals of the same age
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Gorovoj, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: Technologieakzeptanz
subject: Akzeptanz Digitaler Medien
subject: Technik
subject: Neue Medien
subject: Akzeptanz
subject: Berufstätiger
subject: Student

description: Der durch die Digitale Transformation hervorgerufene Wandel fördert und fordert Organisationen wie Unternehmen, Behörden und Bildungseinrichtungen. Vor dem Hintergrund steigender Veränderungsgeschwindigkeit, hervorgerufen durch die in immer kürzeren Abständen entwickelnden technologischen Innovationen, ist gutes Change Management unentbehrlich, um die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen erfolgreich meistern zu können. Der Mensch, der die Technologie nutzen soll, stellt dabei einen kritischen Faktor dar. Nur wenn die Technologie von den Nutzern akzeptiert und anwendungsbezogen eingesetzt wird, kann sie die erhofften Vorteile mit sich bringen. Die Digitale Technologieakzeptanz stellt deshalb einen immer wichtiger werdenden Bereich der Akzeptanzforschung dar. Die Kenntniss der individuellen Digitalen Technologieakzeptanz hilft den Organisationen dabei die Prozesse des Change Managements effizienter und zielgerichteter zu gestalten. Hierzu wird in der vorliegenden Studie ein Instrumentarium entwickelt, das im Rahmen des Change Managements sicher und breit angewendet werden kann, um die Digitale Technologieakzeptanz zu erfassen. Die Grundlage dazu bilden verschiedene Einstellungs- und Persönlichkeitsskalen sowie Messinstrumente zur Erfassung der persönlichen Medienbiografie und zu den erworbenen Kompetenzen. Sie wurden auf ihre Skalenqualität hin überprüft. Mittels multipler Regression wurden anschließend diejenigen Variablen identifiziert, die für die Digitale Technologieakzeptanz relevant sind. Unterschiede in den hier untersuchten Gruppen – Studierende verschiedener Fachrichtungen (N = 428) sowie Berufstätigen (N = 57) im frühen Erwachsenenalter – und den Geschlechtern wurden varianzanalytisch ermittelt. Den Erkenntnissen aus den Untersuchungen folgend wurden Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert, um die Digitale Technologieakzeptanz zu erhöhen. Für Organisationen bilden sie eine solide Basis zur Entwicklung von unterstützenden Maßnahmen bei der Einführung neuer Technologien.
Venom kinematics during prey capture in Conus: the biomechanics of a rapid injection system
Creators: name: Kier, William M.
name: Martin, Gary G.
name: Schulz, Joseph R.
name: Salisbury, S. Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Cone snails use an extensile, tubular proboscis as a conduit to deliver a potent cocktail of bioactive venom peptides into their prey. Previous studies have focused mainly on understanding the venom's role in prey capture but successful prey capture requires both rapid physiological and biomechanical mechanisms.
A numerical study of the effects of bell pulsation dynamics and oral arms on the exchange currents generated by the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana
Creators: name: Santhanakrishnan, Arvind
name: Miller, Laura A.
name: Hamlet, Christina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Mathematical and experimental studies of the flows generated by jellyfish have focused primarily on mechanisms of swimming. More recent work has also considered the fluid dynamics of feeding from currents generated during swimming. Here we capitalize on the benthic lifestyle of the upside-down jellyfish (
A Compact Virtual-Source Model for Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors in the Sub-10-nm Regime-Part I Intrinsic Elements
Creators: name: Lee, Chi-Shuen
name: Pop, Eric
name: Franklin, Aaron D.
name: Haensch, Wilfried
name: Wong, H. -S. Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We presents a data-calibrated compact model of carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (CNFETs) based on the virtual-source (VS) approach, describing the intrinsic current-voltage and charge-voltage characteristics. The features of the model include: (i) carrier VS velocity extracted from experimental devices with gate lengths down to 15 nm; (ii) carrier effective mobility and velocity depending on the CNT diameter; (iii) short channel effect such as inverse subthreshold slope degradation and drain-induced barrier lowering depending on the device dimensions; (iv) small-signal capacitances including the CNT quantum capacitance effect to account for the decreasing gate capacitance at high gate bias. The CNFET model captures dimensional scaling effects and is suitable for technology benchmarking and performance projection at the sub-10-nm technology nodes.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, will be submitted to IEEE transactions on electron devices
Figure 4 from Genome-wide correlation analysis suggests different roles of CRISPR-Cas systems in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in diverse species
Creators: name: Saadlee Shehreen
name: Te-Yuan Chyou
name: Fineran, Peter C.
name: Brown, Chris M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes and in their canonical role in phage defence, they confer a fitness advantage. However, CRISPR-Cas may also hinder the uptake of potentially beneficial genes. This is particularly true under antibiotic selection, where preventing the uptake of antibiotic resistance genes could be detrimental. A newly discovered feature within these evolutionary dynamics is anti-CRISPR genes, which inhibit specific CRISPR-Cas systems. We hypothesized that selection for antibiotic resistance might have resulted in an accumulation of anti-CRISPR genes in genomes that harbour CRISPR-Cas systems and horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes. To assess that question, we analysed correlations between the CRISPR-Cas, anti-CRISPR and antibiotic resistance gene content of 104 947 reference genomes, including 5677 different species. In most species, the presence of CRISPR-Cas systems did not correlate with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. However, in some clinically important species, we observed either a positive or negative correlation of CRISPR-Cas with antibiotic resistance genes. Anti-CRISPR genes were common enough in four species to be analysed. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the presence of anti-CRISPRs was associated with antibiotic resistance genes. This analysis indicates that the role of CRISPR-Cas and anti-CRISPRs in the spread of antibiotic resistance, is likely to be very different in particular pathogenic species and clinical environments.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
(1469) Geoffrey Tennant
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Towards a Free Wild Fish and Soy Diet for European Seabass Using By-Products from Fishery and Aquaculture
Creators: name: Marchi, Arianna
name: Bonaldo, Alessio
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2022
Subjects: AGR/20 Zoocolture

description: The rapid development of aquaculture, in last decade, has made this sector one of the most important both at economic and social level gaining a main role in human nutrition, but this industry is severely limited by the lack of proteins intended for animal feed (as a competitor of human nutrition) (Wang et al. 2015). Fishery and aquaculture by-products can be considered as promising alternative feed ingredients in terms of nutritional quality and availability; however, these products are still underused resulting in economic and environmental issues (Gasco et al. 2020). At the same time, limiting the use of soy in fish diets has become necessary for the sustainability of aquaculture production. In past years, due to emerging health concern, gluten meal has become an even more significant cereal by-product of agriculture that is spreading thanks to its high protein content (Tapia-Hernández et al. 2019). The effects of total replacement of wild fish meal, (FM) fishoil (FO) and soy product (SP) by using fishery and aquaculture by-products and gluten were tested on the growth, gut health and fish quality parameters of European seabass.
Tuning MPC Path-following Controllers Using Multi-objective Optimization
Creators: Ajorkar, Abbas
He, Yuping
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

This paper presents a design approach for tuning autonomous driving controllers of road vehicles. In this regard, a bicycle vehicle model and a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm have been applied to the tracking-control lateral of autonomous vehicles. Additionally, in order to maximize ride comfort and minimize path-following error, a multi-objective  optimization problem has been formulated. In the multi- objective optimization problem, a meta-heuristic search  algorithm, i.e., non-dominated sorting differential evolution (NSDE), is applied, the design objective is to improve ride quality and reduce tracking-control errors, and the design variables are weighting factors of the MPC controller. Numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.

Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
The Reality of Free Will
Creators: name: Janew, Claus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Philosophy not elsewhere classified
Philosophy of cognition
Philosophy of mind (excl. cognition)
Philosophical psychology (incl. moral psychology and philosophy of action)

description: The uniqueness of each standpoint, each point of effect, can only be "overcome" by the standpoint changing to other standpoints and returning. In such alternation, which can also appear as constant change, lies the unity of the world. The entirety of an alternation, however, is a consciousness structure due to the special relationship between the circumscribing periphery and the infinitesimal center. This process structure unites determinacy and indeterminacy also totally at every place. Therefore, we are dealing with forms of consciousness everywhere, with more or less freedom of choice and an increasingly unknown depth. We live in a world of the choosing consciousness or better: awareness. In this respect, our environment expresses a deep truth about ourselves.
 Published in: Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research (2020), 11(1), p.1-16.
Hail Impact Model for Hybrid Laminar Flow Control (HLFC) Structure
Creators: name: Martín de la Escalera, Federico
name: Castillo Acero, Miguel Á.
name: Yasser, Essa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking
European Union (EU)
Horizon 2020
HLFC
Hail impact

description: This presentation addresses the Hail Impact Model for Hybrid Laminar Flow Control (HLFC) Structure. This project has received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 807097. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the Clean Sky 2 JU members other than the Union. The results, opinions, conclusions, etc. presented in this work are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily represent the position of the JU; the JU is not responsible for any use made of the information contained herein.
S1 CRISPR_cas_acr from Genome-wide correlation analysis suggests different roles of CRISPR-Cas systems in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in diverse species.
Creators: name: Saadlee Shehreen
name: Te-Yuan Chyou
name: Fineran, Peter C.
name: Brown, Chris M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes, and in their canonical role in phage defence, they confer a fitness advantage. However, CRISPR-Cas may also hinder the uptake of potentially beneficial genes. This is particularly true under antibiotic selection, where preventing the uptake of antibiotic resistance genes could be detrimental. Newly discovered features within these evolutionary dynamics are anti-CRISPR genes, which inhibit specific CRISPR-Cas systems. We hypothesized that selection for antibiotic resistance might have resulted in an accumulation of anti-CRISPR genes in genomes that harbour CRISPR-Cas systems and horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes. To assess that question, we analysed correlations between the CRISPR-Cas, anti-CRISPR and antibiotic resistance gene content of 104 947 reference genomes, including 5677 different species. In most species, the presence of CRISPR-Cas systems did not correlate with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. However, in some clinically important species, we observed either a positive or negative correlation of CRISPR-Cas with antibiotic resistance genes. Anti-CRISPR genes were common enough in four species to be analysed. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the presence of anti-CRISPRs was associated with antibiotic resistance genes. This analysis indicates that the role of CRISPR-Cas and anti-CRISPRs in the spread of antibiotic resistance, is likely to be very different in particular pathogenic species and clinical environments.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
Auditory selectivity for acoustic features that confer species recognition in the tungara frog
Creators: name: Mangiamele, Lisa A.
name: Burmeister, Sabrina S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In anurans, recognition of species-specific acoustic signals is essential to finding a mate. In many species, behavioral tests have elucidated which acoustic features contribute to species recognition, but the mechanisms by which the brain encodes these species-specific signal components are less well understood. The túngara frog produces a `whine' mating call that is characterized by a descending frequency sweep. However, much of the signal is unnecessary for recognition, as recognition behavior can be triggered by a descending two-tone step that mimics the frequency change in a portion of the whine. To identify the brain regions that contribute to species recognition in the túngara frog, we exposed females to a full-spectrum whine, a descending two-tone step that elicits recognition, the reversed two-tone step that does not elicit recognition, or no sound, and we measured expression of the neural activity-dependent gene
Damping in flapping flight and its implications for manoeuvring, scaling and evolution
Creators: name: Hedrick, Tyson L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Flying animals exhibit remarkable degrees of both stability and manoeuvrability. Our understanding of these capabilities has recently been improved by the identification of a source of passive damping specific to flapping flight. Examining how this damping effect scales among different species and how it affects active manoeuvres as well as recovery from perturbations provides general insights into the flight of insects, birds and bats. These new damping models offer a means to predict manoeuvrability and stability for a wide variety of flying animals using prior reports of the morphology and flapping motions of these species. Furthermore, the presence of passive damping is likely to have facilitated the evolution of powered flight in animals by providing a stability benefit associated with flapping.
(1466) Mary Ann [Garnett]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Orientation of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles to regional magnetic fields along a transoceanic migratory pathway
Creators: name: Fuxjager, Matthew J.
name: Eastwood, Brian S.
name: Lohmann, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: SUMMARY Young loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the east coast of Florida, USA, undertake a transoceanic migration around the North Atlantic Gyre, the circular current system that flows around the Sargasso Sea. Previous experiments indicated that loggerhead hatchlings, when exposed to magnetic fields replicating those that exist at five widely separated locations along the migratory pathway, responded by swimming in directions that would, in each case, help turtles remain in the gyre and advance along the migratory route. In this study, hatchlings were exposed to several additional magnetic fields that exist along or outside of the gyre9s northern boundary. Hatchlings responded to fields that exist within the gyre currents by swimming in directions consistent with their migratory route at each location, whereas turtles exposed to a field that exists north of the gyre had an orientation that was statistically indistinguishable from random. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that loggerhead turtles entering the sea for the first time possess a navigational system in which a series of regional magnetic fields sequentially trigger orientation responses that help steer turtles along the migratory route. By contrast, hatchlings may fail to respond to fields that exist in locations beyond the turtles9 normal geographic range.
A Compact Virtual-Source Model for Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors in the Sub-10-nm Regime - Part II Extrinsic Elements, Performance Assessment, and Design Optimization
Creators: name: Lee, Chi-Shuen
name: Pop, Eric
name: Franklin, Aaron D.
name: Haensch, Wilfried
name: Wong, H. -S. Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a data-calibrated compact model of carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (CNFETs) including contact resistance, direct source-to-drain and band-to-band tunneling currents. The model captures the effects of dimensional scaling and performance degradations due to parasitic effects and is used to study the trade-offs between the drive current and leakage current of CNFETs according to the selection of CNT diameter, CNT density, contact length, and gate length for a target contacted gate pitch. We describe a co-optimization study of CNFET device parameters near the limits of scaling with physical insight, and project the CNFET performance at the 5-nm technology node with an estimated contacted gate pitch of 31 nm. Based on the analysis including parasitic resistance, capacitance, and tunneling leakage current, a CNT density of 180 CNTs/μm will enable CNFET technology to meet the ITRS target of drive current (1.33 mA/μm), which is within reach of modern experimental capabilities
description: 8 pages, 14 figures, will be submitted to IEEE transactions on electron devices
Fig S1 ARG_CRISPRTarget from Genome-wide correlation analysis suggests different roles of CRISPR-Cas systems in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in diverse species.
Creators: name: Saadlee Shehreen
name: Te-Yuan Chyou
name: Fineran, Peter C.
name: Brown, Chris M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes, and in their canonical role in phage defence, they confer a fitness advantage. However, CRISPR-Cas may also hinder the uptake of potentially beneficial genes. This is particularly true under antibiotic selection, where preventing the uptake of antibiotic resistance genes could be detrimental. Newly discovered features within these evolutionary dynamics are anti-CRISPR genes, which inhibit specific CRISPR-Cas systems. We hypothesized that selection for antibiotic resistance might have resulted in an accumulation of anti-CRISPR genes in genomes that harbour CRISPR-Cas systems and horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes. To assess that question, we analysed correlations between the CRISPR-Cas, anti-CRISPR and antibiotic resistance gene content of 104 947 reference genomes, including 5677 different species. In most species, the presence of CRISPR-Cas systems did not correlate with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. However, in some clinically important species, we observed either a positive or negative correlation of CRISPR-Cas with antibiotic resistance genes. Anti-CRISPR genes were common enough in four species to be analysed. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the presence of anti-CRISPRs was associated with antibiotic resistance genes. This analysis indicates that the role of CRISPR-Cas and anti-CRISPRs in the spread of antibiotic resistance, is likely to be very different in particular pathogenic species and clinical environments.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
Refining Organic Aquafeeds for Rainbow Trout, Gilthead Sea Bream and Meagre: Implication on Growth, Fish Health and Product Quality
Creators: name: Parma, Luca
name: Bonaldo, Alessio
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2022
Subjects: AGR/20 Zoocolture

description: The new Strategic Guidelines for the sustainable development of EU aquaculture adopted by the Commission in spring 2021 intend to further promote organic aquaculture as strategy to meet consumer demand for diversified high quality food produced in a way that respects the environment and ensures animal welfare. EU organic regulation (889/2008 and 848/2018) established that only fish meal derived from fish trimmings and from whole fish caught in fisheries certified as sustainable together with vegetable raw materials derived from organic plants can be used as the main protein sources for organic aquafeed. The difficult to reach certified ingredients, together with the high production costs, are the main problems of low production of organic EU fish. The needs for additional types of raw materials and reconsidered the sourcing of plant feed ingredients has been recognised as necessary to promote EU organic aquaculture. The aim of this study was to test the effects of certified organic novel raw materials (organic pea protein, organic yeast, organic seaweed) on growth, fish welfare and products quality of rainbow trout, gilthead sea bream and meagre.
The mechanics and control of pitching manoeuvres in a freely flying hawkmoth (Manduca sexta)
Creators: name: Cheng, Bo
name: Hedrick, Tyson L.
name: Deng, Xinyan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Insects produce a variety of exquisitely controlled manoeuvres during natural flight behaviour. Here we show how hawkmoths produce and control one such manoeuvre, an avoidance response consisting of rapid pitching up, rearward flight, pitching down (often past the original pitch angle), and then pitching up slowly to equilibrium. We triggered these manoeuvres
S1 CRISPR_cas_acr from Genome-wide correlation analysis suggests different roles of CRISPR-Cas systems in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in diverse species
Creators: name: Saadlee Shehreen
name: Te-Yuan Chyou
name: Fineran, Peter C.
name: Brown, Chris M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes and in their canonical role in phage defence, they confer a fitness advantage. However, CRISPR-Cas may also hinder the uptake of potentially beneficial genes. This is particularly true under antibiotic selection, where preventing the uptake of antibiotic resistance genes could be detrimental. A newly discovered feature within these evolutionary dynamics is anti-CRISPR genes, which inhibit specific CRISPR-Cas systems. We hypothesized that selection for antibiotic resistance might have resulted in an accumulation of anti-CRISPR genes in genomes that harbour CRISPR-Cas systems and horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes. To assess that question, we analysed correlations between the CRISPR-Cas, anti-CRISPR and antibiotic resistance gene content of 104 947 reference genomes, including 5677 different species. In most species, the presence of CRISPR-Cas systems did not correlate with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. However, in some clinically important species, we observed either a positive or negative correlation of CRISPR-Cas with antibiotic resistance genes. Anti-CRISPR genes were common enough in four species to be analysed. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the presence of anti-CRISPRs was associated with antibiotic resistance genes. This analysis indicates that the role of CRISPR-Cas and anti-CRISPRs in the spread of antibiotic resistance, is likely to be very different in particular pathogenic species and clinical environments.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
(1467) Isabella [Garnett]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Reexamination of the Elliott-Yafet spin-relaxation mechanism
Creators: name: Baral, Alexander
name: Vollmar, Svenja
name: Kaltenborn, Steffen
name: Schneider, Hans Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze spin-dependent carrier dynamics due to incoherent electron-phonon scattering, which is commonly referred to as Elliott-Yafet (EY) spin-relaxation mechanism. For this mechanism one usually distinguishes two contributions: (1) from the electrostatic interaction together with spin-mixing in the wave functions, which is often called the Elliott contribution, and (2) the phonon-modulated spin-orbit interaction, which is often called the Yafet or Overhauser contribution. By computing the reduced electronic density matrix, we improve Yafet's original calculation, which is not valid for pronounced spin mixing as it equates the pseudo-spin polarization with the spin polarization. The important novel quantity in our calculation is a torque operator that determines the spin dynamics. The contribution (1) to this torque vanishes exactly. From this general result, we derive a modified expression for the Elliott-Yafet spin relaxation time.
description: Substantial extension and revision of the earlier version of the manuscript
Linear Amplification of Optical Signal in Coupled Photonic Crystal Waveguides
Creators: name: Jandieri, Vakhtang
name: Khomeriki, Ramaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a weakly coupled photonic crystal waveguide as a promising and realistic model for all-optical amplification. A symmetric pillar type coupled photonic crystal waveguide consisting of dielectric rods periodically distributed in a free space is proposed as all-optical amplifier. Using the unique features of the photonic crystals to control and guide the light, we have properly chosen the frequency at which only one mode (odd mode) becomes the propagating mode in the coupled photonic crystal waveguide, whereas another mode (even mode) is completely reflected from the guiding structure. Under this condition, the all-optical amplification is fully realized. The amplification coefficient for the continuous signal and the Gaussian pulse is calculated.
Blue-light-receptive cryptochrome is expressed in a sponge eye lacking neurons and opsin
Creators: name: Oakley, Todd H.
name: Ozturk, Nuri
name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Plachetzki, David C.
name: Fahey, Bryony
name: Rivera, Ajna S.
name: Degnan, Bernard M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Many larval sponges possess pigment ring eyes that apparently mediate phototactic swimming. Yet sponges are not known to possess nervous systems or opsin genes, so the unknown molecular components of sponge phototaxis must differ fundamentally from those in other animals, inspiring questions about how this sensory system functions. Here we present molecular and biochemical data on cryptochrome, a candidate gene for functional involvement in sponge pigment ring eyes. We report that Amphimedon queenslandica, a demosponge, possesses two cryptochrome/photolyase genes, Aq-Cry1 and Aq-Cry2. The mRNA of one gene (Aq-Cry2) is expressed in situ at the pigment ring eye. Additionally, we report that Aq-Cry2 lacks photolyase activity and contains a flavin-based co-factor that is responsive to wavelengths of light that also mediate larval photic behavior. These results suggest that Aq-Cry2 may act in the aneural, opsin-less phototaxic behavior of a sponge.
Observation of a New Type of Low Frequency Waves at Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Creators: name: Richter, I.
name: Koenders, C.
name: Auster, H. -U.
name: Fruehauff, D.
name: Goetz, C.
name: Heinisch, P.
name: Perschke, C.
name: Motschmann, U.
name: Stoll, B.
name: Altwegg, K.
name: Burch, J.
name: Carr, C.
name: Cupido, E.
name: Eriksson, A.
name: Henri, P.
name: Goldstein, R.
name: Lebreton, J. -P.
name: Mokashi, P.
name: Nemeth, Z.
name: Nilsson, H.
name: Rubin, M.
name: Szegoe, K.
name: Tsurutani, B. T.
name: Vallat, C.
name: Volwerk, M.
name: Glassmeier, K. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on magnetic field measurements made in the innermost coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in its low activity state. Quasi-coherent, large-amplitude ($δB/B \sim 1$), compressional magnetic field oscillations at $\sim$ 40 mHz dominate the immediate plasma environment of the nucleus. This differs from previously studied comet-interaction regions where waves at the cometary ion gyro-frequencies are the main feature. Thus classical pick-up ion driven instabilities are unable to explain the observations. We propose a cross-field current instability associated with newborn cometary ion currents as a possible source mechanism.
description: 6 pages, 3 Figures