cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The SU(2) x SU(2) sector in the string dual of N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons theory
Creators: name: Grignani, Gianluca
name: Harmark, Troels
name: Orselli, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the string dual of the recently constructed $\mathcal{N}=6$ superconformal Chern-Simons theory of Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena (ABJM theory). We focus in particular on the $SU(2)\times SU(2)$ sector. We find a sigma-model limit in which the resulting sigma-model is two Landau-Lifshitz models added together. We consider a Penrose limit for which we can approach the $SU(2)\times SU(2)$ sector. Finally, we find a new Giant Magnon solution in the $SU(2)\times SU(2)$ sector corresponding to one magnon in each $SU(2)$. We put these results together to find the full magnon dispersion relation and we compare this to recently found results for ABJM theory at weak coupling.
description: 19 pages.: Typos fixed, Sec. 6 improved
The Chandra Deep Protocluster Survey: Evidence for an Enhancement in the AGN Activity in the SSA22 Protocluster at z = 3.09
Creators: name: Lehmer, B. D.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Geach, J. E.
name: Smail, Ian
name: Basu-Zych, A.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Scharf, C. A.
name: Volonteri, M.
name: Yamada, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a new ultra-deep 400 ks Chandra observation of the SSA22 protocluster at z = 3.09. We have studied the X-ray properties of 234 z ~ 3 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs; protocluster and field) and 158 z = 3.09 Ly-alpha emitters (LAEs) in SSA22 to measure the influence of the high-density protocluster environment on the accretion activity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in these UV-selected star forming populations. We detect individually X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in six LBGs and five LAEs; due to small overlap between the LBG and LAE source population, ten of these sources are unique. At least six and potentially eight of these sources are members of the protocluster. These sources have rest-frame 8-32 keV luminosities in the range of L_8-32 keV = (3-50) X 10^{43} ergs/s and an average observed-frame 2-8 keV to 0.5-2 keV band-ratio of ~0.8 (mean effective photon index of Gamma_eff = 1.1), suggesting significant absorption columns of N_H > 10^{22}-10^{24} cm^{-2}. We find that the fraction of LBGs and LAEs in the z = 3.09 protocluster harboring an AGN with L_8-32 keV > 3 X 10^{43} ergs/s is 9.5^{+12.7}_{-6.1}% and 5.1^{+6.8}_{-3.3}%, respectively. These AGN fractions are somewhat larger (by a mean factor of 6.1^{+10.3}_{-3.6}; significant at the 95% confidence level) than z ~ 3 sources found in lower-density "field" environments. Theoretical models imply that these results may be due to the presence of more actively growing and/or massive SMBHs in LBGs and LAEs within the protocluster compared to the field. Such a result is expected in a scenario where enhanced merger activity in the protocluster drives accelerated galaxy and SMBH growth at z > 2-3. (abridged)
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal; 9 pages, 4 figures, and 2 tables
Leading SU(3) breaking in lightcone distribution amplitudes
Creators: name: Kim, Chul
name: Leibovich, Adam K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lightcone formalism including SU(3) breaking effects for the light pseudoscalar mesons is studied using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), where the conformal symmetries needed for the expansion can be clearly implemented. The lightcone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) are well-defined at each order in the SCET power counting, lambda. Relations between the LCDAs are reproduced using the SCET formalism. Treating the SU(3) breaking perturbatively, the leading breaking effects can be described in a simple manner. As a result, a new relationship among the LCDAs for the light mesons pi, K, and eta is developed, valid to leading order in the SU(3) breaking.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures
The Recent Star Formation Histories of M81 Group Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
Creators: name: Weisz, Daniel R.
name: Skillman, Evan D.
name: Cannon, John M.
name: Dolphin, Andrew E.
name: Kennicutt, Robert C.
name: Lee, Janice
name: Walter, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations and analysis of nine dwarf irregular galaxies (dIs) in the M81 Group taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The nine galaxy sample (the Garland, M81 Dwarf A, DDO 53, Ho IX, Ho I, DDO 165, NGC 2366, Ho II, and IC 2574) spans 6 magnitudes in luminosity, a factor of 1000 in current star formation rate, and 0.5 dex in metallicity. Here we use color-magnitude diagrams of resolved stellar populations to study the star formation histories (SFHs) of these galaxies. We divide the sample into faint and bright galaxies, with a dividing line of M_${B}$ = -15, and then analyze the similarities and differences in the SFHs, birthrate parameters, fraction of stars formed per time interval, and spatial distribution of stellar components. Comparing these parameters as a function of luminosity, we find only minor differences in SF characteristics. We extend our comparison to select dIs in the Local Group (LG), and find only minor differences in SF parameters. The fraction of stars formed per time interval for an average M81 Group and LG dI is consistent with a constant SFH. However, individual galaxies can show significant departures from a constant SFH. Thus, we find this result underlines the importance of stochastic SF in dIs. We also compare possible formation scenarios of the less luminous and candidate tidal dwarfs in the M81 Group. The SFHs and the lack of an overdensity of associated red stars suggest that the Garland and Ho IX are not dIs and are potentially tidal dwarf galaxies. Interestingly, a noteworthy difference between the LG and the M81 Group is the lack of tidal dwarf candidates in the LG.
description: 54 Pages, 23 Color Figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, full resolution figures and paper available: http://www.astro.umn.edu/~dweisz/m81_paper
The gravitational wave burst signal from core collapse of rotating stars
Creators: name: Dimmelmeier, Harald
name: Ott, Christian D.
name: Marek, Andreas
name: Janka, Hans-Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from detailed general relativistic simulations of stellar core collapse to a proto-neutron star, using two different microphysical nonzero-temperature nuclear equations of state as well as an approximate description of deleptonization during the collapse phase. Investigating a wide variety of rotation rates and profiles as well as masses of the progenitor stars and both equations of state, we confirm in this very general setup the recent finding that a generic gravitational wave burst signal is associated with core bounce, already known as type I in the literature. The previously suggested type II (or "multiple-bounce") waveform morphology does not occur. Despite this reduction to a single waveform type, we demonstrate that it is still possible to constrain the progenitor and postbounce rotation based on a combination of the maximum signal amplitude and the peak frequency of the emitted gravitational wave burst. Our models include to sufficient accuracy the currently known necessary physics for the collapse and bounce phase of core-collapse supernovae, yielding accurate and reliable gravitational wave signal templates for gravitational wave data analysis. In addition, we assess the possiblity of nonaxisymmetric instabilities in rotating nascent proto-neutron stars. We find strong evidence that in an iron core-collapse event the postbounce core cannot reach sufficiently rapid rotation to become subject to a classical bar-mode instability. However, many of our postbounce core models exhibit sufficiently rapid and differential rotation to become subject to the recently discovered dynamical instability at low rotation rates.
description: 28 pages, 23 figures, minor changes
Rezension: Der Unernst des Kitsches. Die Ästhetik des laxen Blicks auf die Welt
Creators: name: Burger, Bianca
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2016

description: Den Kitsch-Begriff gibt es bereits seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. Da in der bisherigen Forschung vor allem versucht wurde, eine Definition und einen einheitlichen Maßstab für Kitsch zu finden, fragt Yushin Ra nun erstmals nach einem besonderen Aspekt, dem Unernst des Kitsches.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 54 Nr. 4 (2016): 4/2016 - Macht, Souveränität, Herrschaft
Rezension: Film und Kino. Die Faszination der laufenden Bilder
Creators: name: Rogy, Raffaela
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2016

description: Die Reihe "Medienwissenschaft kompakt", unter der Herausgeberschaft von Klaus Beck und Gunter Reus, legt mit "Film und Kino. Die Faszination der laufenden Bilder" von Elizabeth Prommer nun einen Band vor, der es sich zur Aufgabe macht die Wirkkraft sowie den historischen Wandel des Mediums Film für interessierte Laien als auch für Studierende der Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften komprimiert, verständlich und journalistischen Standards folgend zugänglich zu machen.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 54 Nr. 4 (2016): 4/2016 - Macht, Souveränität, Herrschaft
Quantum Vortex Strings: A Review
Creators: name: Tong, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum worldsheet dynamics of vortex strings contains information about the 4d non-Abelian gauge theory in which the string lives. Here I tell this story. The string worldsheet theory is typically some variant of the CP^{N-1} sigma-model, describing the orientation of the string in a U(N) gauge group. Qualitative parallels between 2d sigma-models and 4d non-Abelian gauge theories have been known since the 1970s. The vortex string provides a quantitative link between the two. In 4d theories with N=2 supersymmetry, the exact BPS spectrum of the worldsheet coincides with the bulk spectrum in 4d. Moreover, by tuning parameters, the CP^{N-1} sigma-model can be coaxed to flow to an interacting conformal fixed point which is related to the 4d Argyres-Douglas fixed point. For theories with N=1 supersymmetry, the worldsheet theory suffers dynamical supersymmetry breaking and, more interestingly, supersymmetry restoration, in a way which captures the physics of Seiberg's quantum deformed moduli space.
description: Adams Prize Essay. 40 pages with 4 colourful pictures
Die ambivalente Kreativität des E-Learning
Creators: name: Redecker, Anke
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2018

description: Mit der Propagierung einer die Disziplinargesellschaft übersteigernden und damit zugleich überwindenden Kontrollgesellschaft hat Kreativität eine ambivalente Bedeutung gewonnen. Ursprünglich hervorgerufene Assoziationen von Selbstgestaltung und Befreiung werden kontrastiert durch Kreativitätsvorstellungen der Selbstkontrolle und -überforderung – eine Zeitdiagnose, die sich in Bezug auf das selbstgesteuerte E-Learning hinterfragen lässt. Wo hier Kreativitätsangebote zu Kreativitätsüberforderung werden können, gilt es Kreativität zugleich als Mittel des kritischen Einspruchs zu nutzen. Die hiermit angesprochene Kreativität eines sinnvollen, verantwortlichen und damit bildungsrelevanten Urteilens erfordert zugleich eine Befreiung der selbstbezogenen E-LearnerInnen zu einer wechselseitigen Ko-Kreativität in dialogischen Lehr-Lern-Szenarien.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 55 Nr. 4 (2017): 4/2017 - Kreativität/Ko-Kreativität
How much water was delivered from the asteroid belt to the Earth after its formation?
Creators: name: Martin, Rebecca G.
name: Livio, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Earth contains between one and ten oceans of water, including water within the mantle, where one ocean is the mass of water on the Earth's surface today. With $n$-body simulations we consider how much water could have been delivered from the asteroid belt to the Earth after its formation. Asteroids are delivered from unstable regions near resonances with the giant planets. We compare the relative impact efficiencies from the $ν_6$ resonance, the 2:1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter and the outer asteroid belt. The $ν_6$ resonance provides the largest supply of asteroids to the Earth, with about $2\%$ of asteroids from that region colliding with the Earth. Asteroids located in mean motion resonances with Jupiter and in the outer asteroid belt have negligible Earth-collision probabilities. The maximum number of Earth collisions occurs if the asteroids in the primordial asteroid belt are first moved into the $ν_6$ resonance location (through asteroid-asteroid interactions or otherwise) before their eccentricity is excited sufficiently for Earth collision. A maximum of about eight oceans of water may be delivered to the Earth. Thus, if the Earth contains ten or more oceans of water, the Earth likely formed with a significant fraction of this water.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMED CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHOLELITHIASIS OF THE GERONTOLOGICAL GROUP OF FERGANA
Creators: name: Salakhidinov, S.Z.
name: Mamasaliev, N.S.
name: Tursunov, X.X.
name: Mamasaliev, Z.N.
name: Usmonov, B.U.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: According to the WHO, in the modern treatment and diagnostic process of cholelithiasis (CSD) it is important, especially in individuals of the gerontological group (75-90 years and above), not only to provide scientific information on a certain type of treatment (surgical or conservative) and clinical and fundamental recommendations, but also to acquire modern innovative technologies acceptable for preventive surgery and the ability to use them. For the advanced development of CSD surgery in the 21st century, it is important to identify the most susceptible individuals with high or very high risk for this pathology and their special prevention to ensure the process of early detection, effective and safe treatment (with proper pharmacovigilance, pharmacoepidemiological screening) and the prevention of not only CSD itself, but also formidable complications of cholecystectomy, cholecystostomy, choledochotomy, choledochomyotomy and transduodenal sphincteropapillotomy.
Random Sequential Adsorption of Objects of Decreasing Size
Creators: name: Gromenko, Oleksandr
name: Privman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the model of random sequential adsorption, with depositing objects, as well as those already at the surface, decreasing in size according to a specified time dependence, from a larger initial value to a finite value in the large time limit. Numerical Monte Carlo simulations of two-dimensional deposition of disks and one-dimensional deposition of segments are reported for the density-density correlation function and gap-size distribution function, respectively. Analytical considerations supplement numerical results in the one-dimensional case. We investigate the correlation hole - the depletion of correlation functions near contact and, for the present model, their vanishing at contact - that opens up at finite times, as well as its closing and reemergence of the logarithmic divergence of correlation properties at contact in the large time limit.
description: Submitted for publication
XIZMATLAR SOHASINI INNOVATSION RIVOJLANTIRISH HAMDA BOSHARUV SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH MEHANIZMALARI.
Creators: name: Umurova, Mohira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Hozirgi kunda har bir mamlakatning oldida turgan dolzarb masalalardan biri iqtisodiyotning rivojlanishida, ishsizlik darajasini pasaytirishda hamda aholi turmush darajasini yaxshilashda qo’llaniladigan eng ilg’or texnologiyalardan samarali foydalanish shu bilan bir qatorda har bir sohada innovatsion jarayonlarni tadbiq etish, innovatsiyani keng ko’lamda joriy etish vazifasi muhim masalalardan biriga aylangan. Ushbu maqolada innovatsion rivojlanish hamda boshqaruv samaradorligini to’gri tashkil qilish mehanizmlari keng tadbiq qilingan.
title: Rare Words: A Major Problem for Contextualized Embeddings And How to Fix it by Attentive Mimicking
Creators: name: Schick, Timo
name: Schütze, Hinrich
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2019

description: Pretraining deep neural network architectures with a language modeling objective has brought large improvements for many natural language processing tasks. Exemplified by BERT, a recently proposed such architecture, we demonstrate that despite being trained on huge amounts of data, deep language models still struggle to understand rare words. To fix this problem, we adapt Attentive Mimicking, a method that was designed to explicitly learn embeddings for rare words, to deep language models. In order to make this possible, we introduce one-token approximation, a procedure that enables us to use Attentive Mimicking even when the underlying language model uses subword-based tokenization, i.e., it does not assign embeddings to all words. To evaluate our method, we create a novel dataset that tests the ability of language models to capture semantic properties of words without any taskspecific fine-tuning. Using this dataset, we show that adding our adapted version of Attentive Mimicking to BERT does substantially improve its understanding of rare words.
Adaptive Reliability Analysis for Multi-fidelity Models using a Collective Learning Strategy
Creators: name: Zhang, Chi
name: Song, Chaolin
name: Shafieezadeh, Abdollah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many fields of science and engineering, models with different fidelities are available. Physical experiments or detailed simulations that accurately capture the behavior of the system are regarded as high-fidelity models with low model uncertainty, however, they are expensive to run. On the other hand, simplified physical experiments or numerical models are seen as low-fidelity models that are cheaper to evaluate. Although low-fidelity models are often not suitable for direct use in reliability analysis due to their low accuracy, they can offer information about the trend of the high-fidelity model thus providing the opportunity to explore the design space at a low cost. This study presents a new approach called adaptive multi-fidelity Gaussian process for reliability analysis (AMGPRA). Contrary to selecting training points and information sources in two separate stages as done in state-of-the-art mfEGRA method, the proposed approach finds the optimal training point and information source simultaneously using the novel collective learning function (CLF). CLF is able to assess the global impact of a candidate training point from an information source and it accommodates any learning function that satisfies a certain profile. In this context, CLF provides a new direction for quantifying the impact of new training points and can be easily extended with new learning functions to adapt to different reliability problems. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by three mathematical examples and one engineering problem concerning the wind reliability of transmission towers. It is shown that the proposed method achieves similar or higher accuracy with reduced computational costs compared to state-of-the-art single and multi-fidelity methods. A key application of AMGPRA is high-fidelity fragility modeling using complex and costly physics-based computational models.
Black Hole Berry Phase
Creators: name: de Boer, Jan
name: Papadodimas, Kyriakos
name: Verlinde, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetric black holes are characterized by a large number of degenerate ground states. We argue that these black holes, like other quantum mechanical systems with such a degeneracy, are subject to a phenomenon which is called the geometric or Berry's phase: under adiabatic variations of the background values of the supergravity moduli, the quantum microstates of the black hole mix among themselves. We present a simple example where this mixing is exactly computable, that of small supersymmetric black holes in 5 dimensions. While in practice it would be extremely difficult to measure Berry's phase for black holes, it may be interesting to explore it further from a theoretical point of view, as it provides us with a way to probe, and to some degree manipulate, the quantum microstate of the black hole.
description: 4 pages
Identification of Gait Phases with Neural Networks for Smooth Transparent Control of a Lower Limb Exoskeleton
Creators: name: Lippi, Vittorio
name: Camardella, Cristian
name: Filippeschi, Alessandro
name: Porcini, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lower limbs exoskeletons provide assistance during standing, squatting, and walking. Gait dynamics, in particular, implies a change in the configuration of the device in terms of contact points, actuation, and system dynamics in general. In order to provide a comfortable experience and maximize performance, the exoskeleton should be controlled smoothly and in a transparent way, which means respectively, minimizing the interaction forces with the user and jerky behavior due to transitions between different configurations. A previous study showed that a smooth control of the exoskeleton can be achieved using a gait phase segmentation based on joint kinematics. Such a segmentation system can be implemented as linear regression and should be personalized for the user after a calibration procedure. In this work, a nonlinear segmentation function based on neural networks is implemented and compared with linear regression. An on-line implementation is then proposed and tested with a subject.
The Fibonacci scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation
Creators: name: Aliferis, Panos
name: Preskill, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We rigorously analyze Knill's Fibonacci scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation, which is based on the recursive preparation of Bell states protected by a concatenated error-detecting code. We prove lower bounds on the threshold fault rate of .67\times 10^{-3} for adversarial local stochastic noise, and 1.25\times 10^{-3} for independent depolarizing noise. In contrast to other schemes with comparable proved accuracy thresholds, the Fibonacci scheme has a significantly reduced overhead cost because it uses postselection far more sparingly.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures; supersedes arXiv:0709.3603. (v2): Additional discussion about the overhead cost
Spectral signatures of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov order parameter in one-dimensional optical lattices
Creators: name: Bakhtiari, M. Reza
name: Leskinen, M. J.
name: Torma, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address an imbalanced two-component atomic Fermi gas restricted by a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice and an external harmonic potential, within the mean-field Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) formalism. We show that characteristic features of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state are visible in the RF-spectra and in the momentum resolved photoemission spectra of the gas. Specially, Andreev states or mid-gap states can be clearly resolved, which gives a direct experimentally observable signature of the oscillating order parameter.
description: published version
Memory efficient finite volume schemes with twisted boundary conditions
Creators: name: Bribian, Eduardo I.
name: Golan, Jorge Luis Dasilva
name: Perez, Margarita Garcia
name: Ramos, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explore a finite volume renormalization scheme that combines three main ingredients: a coupling based on the gradient flow, the use of twisted boundary conditions and a particular asymmetric geometry, that for $SU(N)$ gauge theories consists on a hypercubic box of size $l^2 \times (Nl)^2$, a choice motivated by the study of volume independence in large $N$ gauge theories. We argue that this scheme has several advantages that make it particularly suited for precision determinations of the strong coupling, among them translational invariance, an analytic expansion in the coupling and a reduced memory footprint with respect to standard simulations on symmetric lattices, allowing for a more efficient use of current GPU clusters. We test this scheme numerically with a determination of the $Λ$ parameter in the $SU(3)$ pure gauge theory. We show that the use of an asymmetric geometry has no significant impact in the size of scaling violations, obtaining a value $Λ_{\overline{MS}} \sqrt{8 t_0} =0.603(17)$ in good agreement with the existing literature. The role of topology freezing, that is relevant for the determination of the coupling in this particular scheme and for large $N$ applications, is discussed in detail.
description: 35 pages, 17 figures
Gauge vs. Gravity mediation in models with anomalous U(1)'s
Creators: name: Dudas, E.
name: Mambrini, Y.
name: Pokorski, S.
name: Romagnoni, A.
name: Trapletti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an attempt to implement gauge mediation in string theory, we study string effective supergravity models of supersymmetry breaking, containing anomalous gauge factors. We discuss subtleties related to gauge invariance and the stabilization of the Green-Schwarz moduli, which set non-trivial constraints on the transmission of supersymmetry breaking to MSSM via gauge interactions. Given those constraints, it is difficult to obtain the dominance of gauge mediation over gravity mediation. Furthermore, generically the gauge contributions to soft terms contain additional non-standard terms coming from D-term contributions. Motivated by this, we study the phenomenology of recently proposed hybrid models, where gravity and gauge mediations compete at the GUT scale, and show that such a scenario can respect WMAP constraints and would be easily testable at LHC.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures
Social Network Reciprocity as a Phase Transition in Evolutionary Cooperation
Creators: name: Floria, L. M.
name: Gracia-Lazaro, C.
name: Gomez-Gardenes, J.
name: Moreno, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Evolutionary Dynamics the understanding of cooperative phenomena in natural and social systems has been the subject of intense research during decades. We focus attention here on the so-called "Lattice Reciprocity" mechanisms that enhance evolutionary survival of the cooperative phenotype in the Prisoner's Dilemma game when the population of darwinian replicators interact through a fixed network of social contacts. Exact results on a "Dipole Model" are presented, along with a mean-field analysis as well as results from extensive numerical Monte Carlo simulations. The theoretical framework used is that of standard Statistical Mechanics of macroscopic systems, but with no energy considerations. We illustrate the power of this perspective on social modeling, by consistently interpreting the onset of lattice reciprocity as a thermodynamical phase transition that, moreover, cannot be captured by a purely mean-field approach.
description: 10 pages. APS style
Impurity states of electrons in quantum dots in external magnetic fields
Creators: name: Ermolaev, A. M.
name: Rashba, G. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of isolated impurity atoms on the electron energy spectrum in a parabolic quantum dot in quantizing magnetic field is studied. The impurity potential is approximated by a Gaussian separable operator which allows one to obtain the exact solution of the problem. We demonstrate that in the electron energy spectrum there is a set of local levels which are split from the Landau zone boundaries in the upward or downward direction depending on the impurity type. We have calculated the local level positions, the wave functions of electrons in bound states, and the residues of the electron scattering amplitudes by impurity atoms at the poles.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, to be published in European Physical Journal B
Characterization of recombinant plasmids carrying Drosophila transfer RNA genes
Creators: name: Rajput, Bhanu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to characterize recombinant plasraids carrying Drosophila melanogaster tRNA genes. The two groups of recombinant plasmids studied were those which carried tRNA₄Val genes and those with tRNA₄,₇Ser genes. pDt92 and pDt120, both tRNA₄Val gene-carrying plasmids, were characterized initially to determine the number of inserts they contained and the size of the inserts. For plasmids containing multiple inserts, the insert which carried the tRNA₄Val gene was also determined. These characteristics were studied by HindIII digestion of the plasmid DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern transfer onto nitrocellulose filters and hybridization to [¹²⁵I] tRNA₄Val. It was found that both, pDt92 and pDt120 contained two inserts each of sizes 0.5kb and 1.7kb,and 2.0kb and 5.*fkb respectively, with the 0.5kb and 2.0kb fragments carrying the tRNA₄Val genes. pDt92 and pDt120 then were recloned so as to contain only the fragments which carried the tRNA₄Val genes, namely the 0.5kb and 2.0kb fragment respectively. pDt92RC and pDt120RC plus three other tRNA₄,₇Ser gene containing plasmids, pDt16, pDt17RC and pDt27RC were further characterized by the technique of in situ hybridization to study the organization of these tRNA genes on the Drosophila genome. Four of these plasmids with the exception of pDt17RC hybridized to only one site on the Drosophila chromosome. Both, pDt92RC and pDt120RC hybridized to the 90BC site on the right arm of the third chromosome; pDt16 and pDt27RC hybridized to the 12DE site on the first or the X chromosome. pDt17RC on the other hand hybridized predominantly to the 12DE site and to a lesser extent to 2}E (2L), 56D (2R), 62D (3L) and 64D (3L) sites. These in situ hybridization results when studied together with those reported by Dunn et al. (1979b) show that genes for a single species of tRNA are located on more than one site on the Drosophila genome.
THE ROLE OF ORAL CAVITY MICROORGANISMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION AND  SOMATIC PATHOLOGY
Creators: name: Kararyev Shaxboz Burxonova Zarafruz Samarkand State Medical University
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The review presents the modern concept of the oral microbiome, its species diversity, the properties of microbial associations and their effect on the immunobiological resistance of the organism, development of chronic inflammation and two leading infectious and inflammatory diseases (dental caries and periodontal diseases). There is briefly summarized information about the presence and nature of the relationship between the composition of periodontal microorganisms and concomitant somatic diseases: in atherosclerotic plaques in cardiovascular diseases, with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and other organs and systems.

Key words: microbiology of the oral cavity, inflammation, dental caries, periodontal diseases, interrelation of oral microbiome and somatic diseases
New Relativistic Particle-In-Cell Simulation Studies of Prompt and Early Afterglows from GRBs
Creators: name: Nishikawa, K. -I.
name: Niemiec, J.
name: Sol, H.
name: Medvedev, M.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Nordlund, A.
name: Frederiksen, J.
name: Hardee, P.
name: Mizuno, Y.
name: Hartmann, D. H.
name: Fishman, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonthermal radiation observed from astrophysical systems containing relativistic jets and shocks, e.g., gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and microquasars commonly exhibit power-law emission spectra. Recent PIC simulations of relativistic electron-ion (or electron-positron) jets injected into a stationary medium show that particle acceleration occurs within the downstream jet. In collisionless, relativistic shocks, particle (electron, positron, and ion) acceleration is due to plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., the Weibel (filamentation) instability) created in the shock region. The simulations show that the Weibel instability is responsible for generating and amplifying highly non-uniform, small-scale magnetic fields. These fields contribute to the electron's transverse deflection behind the jet head. The resulting "jitter" radiation from deflected electrons has different properties compared to synchrotron radiation, which assumes a uniform magnetic field. Jitter radiation may be important for understanding the complex time evolution and/or spectra in gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets in general, and supernova remnants.
description: : 4 pages, 1 figure and 1 table, typos are corrected, submitted for the Proceedings of The 4th Heidelberg International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy, July 7-11, 2008, in Heidelberg, Germany
Rezension: Talking Heads Fear of Music. Ein Album anstelle meines Kopfes
Creators: name: Sumi, Denise
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2015

description: Der amerikanische Autor Jonathan Lethem hat ein Buch über die Talking Heads geschrieben, genauer über deren drittes Album Fear of Music (1979). Ursprünglich erschien das gleichnamige als Teil der 33 ½ Buchreihe von Bloomsbery Publishing, wobei die Zahl 33 ½ auf die Abspielgeschwindigkeit einer Langspielplatte referiert. Denn man bedenke: dass die Identifikation des New Yorker Autors mit dem Album im Sommer 1979 und in den darauffolgenden Jahren so vollkommen war, dass er sich wünschte das Album an Stelle seines Kopfes zu tragen. Der vorliegende Text, eine selbstreferentielle Anstalt mit Neigung zum gesellschaftlich anerkannten Nerdtum liegt nun in deutscher Übersetzung von Johann Christoph Maass bei dem Tropen Sachbuch Verlag vor.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 53 Nr. 1 (2015): 1/2015 - Medienpädagogik und E-Learning
Discovery of a [WO] central star in the planetary nebula Th 2-A
Creators: name: Weidmann, W. A.
name: Gamen, R.
name: Diaz, R. J.
name: Niemela, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: % context About 2500 planetary nebulae are known in our Galaxy but only 224 have central stars with reported spectral types in the Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (Acker et al. 1992; Acker et al. 1996) % aims We have started an observational program aiming to increase the number of PN central stars with spectral classification. % methods By means of spectroscopy and high resolution imaging, we identify the position and true nature of the central star. We carried out low resolution spectroscopic observations at CASLEO telescope, complemented with medium resolution spectroscopy performed at Gemini South and Magellan telescopes. % results As a first outcome of this survey, we present for the first time the spectra of the central star of the PN Th 2-A. These spectra show emission lines of ionized C and O, typical in Wolf-Rayet stars. % conclusions We identify the position of that central star, which is not the brightest one of the visual central pair. We classify it as of type [WO 3]pec, which is consistent with the high excitation and dynamical age of the nebula.
description: 3 pages and 2 figures. Paper recommended for publication in A&A
Plasma environment effects on K lines of astrophysical interest. V. Universal formulae for ionization potential and K-threshold shifts
Creators: name: Palmeri, P.
name: Deprince, J.
name: Bautista, M. A.
name: Fritzsche, S.
name: Garcia, J. A.
name: Kallman, T. R.
name: Mendoza, C.
name: Quinet, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We calculate the plasma environment effects on the ionization potentials (IPs) and K-thresholds used in the modeling of K lines for all the ions belonging to the isonuclear sequences of abundant elements apart from oxygen and iron, namely: carbon, silicon, calcium, chromium, and nickel. These calculations are used to extend the data points for the fits of the universal formulae, first proposed in our fourth paper of this series, to predict the IP and K-threshold lowerings in any elemental ion. Methods. We used the fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method and approximated the plasma electron-nucleus and electron-electron screenings with a time-averaged Debye-Huckel potential. Results. We report the modified ionization potentials and K-threshold energies for plasmas characterized by electron temperatures and densities in the ranges of 10^5-10^7 K and 10^18-10^22 cm^-3 . In addition, the improved universal fitting formulae are obtained. Conclusions. We conclude that since explicit calculations of the atomic structures for each ion of each element under different plasma conditions is impractical, the use of these universal formulae for predicting the IP and K-threshold lowerings in plasma modeling codes is still recommended. However, their comparatively moderate to low accuracies may affect the predicted opacities with regard to certain cases under extreme plasma conditions that are characterized by a plasma screening parameter of μ> 0.2 a.u., especially for the K-thresholds.
Weakly coupled $s = 1/2$ quantum spin singlets in Ba$_{3}$Cr$_{2}$O$_{8}$
Creators: name: Kofu, M.
name: Kim, J. -H.
name: Ji, S.
name: Lee, S. -H.
name: Ueda, H.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Kang, H. -J.
name: Green, M.
name: Ueda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using single crystal inelastic neutron scattering with and without application of an external magnetic field and powder neutron diffraction, we have characterized magnetic interactions in Ba$_3$Cr$_2$O$_8$. Even without field, we found that there exist three singlet-to-triplet excitation modes in $(h,h,l)$ scattering plane. Our complete analysis shows that the three modes are due to spatially anisotropic interdimer interactions that are induced by local distortions of the tetrahedron of oxygens surrounding the Jahn-Teller active Cr$^{5+} (3d^1)$. The strong intradimer coupling of $J_0 = 2.38(2)$ meV and weak interdimer interactions ($|J_{\rm inter}| \leq 0.52(2)$ meV) makes Ba$_3$Cr$_2$O$_8$ a good model system for weakly-coupled $s = 1/2$ quantum spin dimers.
Principles of Software Development - an Introduction for Computational Scientists
Creators: name: Vedder, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: software development, computational science

description: This booklet gives a brief introduction to the different aspects of software development, particularly targeted at scientists who are using computational methods. It includes sections on how to write good code, how to structure larger programs, and how to collaborate with other developers, amongst others.
The Temperature of Interstellar Clouds from Turbulent Heating
Creators: name: Pan, Liubin
name: Padoan, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To evaluate the effect of turbulent heating in the thermal balance of interstellar clouds, we develop an extension of the log-Poisson intermittency model to supersonic turbulence. The model depends on a parameter, d, interpreted as the dimension of the most dissipative structures. By comparing the model with the probability distribution of the turbulent dissipation rate in a simulation of supersonic and super-Alfvenic turbulence, we find a best-fit value of d=1.64. We apply this intermittency model to the computation of the mass-weighted probability distribution of the gas temperature of molecular clouds, high-mass star-forming cores, and cold diffuse HI clouds. Our main results are: i) The mean gas temperature in molecular clouds can be explained as the effect of turbulent heating alone, while cosmic ray heating may dominate only in regions where the turbulent heating is low; ii) The mean gas temperature in high-mass star-forming cores with typical FWHM of ~6 km/s (corresponding to a 1D rms velocity of 2.5 km/s) may be completely controlled by turbulent heating, which predicts a mean value of approximately 36 K, two to three times larger than the mean gas temperature in the absence of turbulent heating; iii) The intermittency of the turbulent heating can generate enough hot regions in cold diffuse HI clouds to explain the observed CH+ abundance, if the rms velocity on a scale of 1 pc is at least 3 km/s, in agreement with previous results based on incompressible turbulence. Because of its importance in the thermal balance of molecular clouds and high-mass star-forming cores, the process of turbulent heating may be central in setting the characteristic stellar mass and in regulating molecular chemical reactions.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 15 pages, 7 figures
On the low energy end of the QCD spectrum
Creators: name: Leutwyler, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy gap of QCD is now understood very well. There is no doubt that the expansion in powers of the two lightest quark masses does represent a very useful tool for the analysis of the low energy structure. Concerning the expansion in powers of m_s, however, the current situation leaves much to be desired. While some of the lattice results indicate, for instance, that the violations of the Okubo-Iizuka-Zweig rule in the quark condensate and in the decay constants are rather modest, others point in the opposite direction. I am confident that the dust will settle soon, so that the effective coupling constants that govern the dependence of the various quantities of physical interest on m_s can be determined, to next-to-next-to-leading order of the chiral expansion. The range of validity of ChPT can be extended by means of dispersive methods. The properties of the physical states occurring in the spectrum of QCD below KKbar threshold can reliably be investigated on this basis. In particular, as shown only rather recently, general principles of quantum field theory lead to an exact formula that expresses the mass and width of resonances in terms of observable quantities. The formula removes the ambiguities inherent in the analytic continuation from the real axis into the complex plane, which plagued previous determinations of the pole positions of broad resonances.
description: Talks given at QCD08 and Confinement8
Sublattice model of atomic scale pairing inhomogeneity in a superconductor
Creators: name: Mishra, Vivek
name: Hirschfeld, P. J.
name: Barash, Yu. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a toy model for a superconductor on a bipartite lattice, where intrinsic pairing inhomogeneity is produced by two different coupling constants on the sublattices. The simplicity of the model allows for analytic solutions and tests of the consequences of atomic-scale variations in pairing interactions which have been considered recently in the cuprates. We present results for the transition temperature, density of states, and thermodynamics of the system over a phase diagram in the plane of two pairing coupling constants. For coupling constants of alternating sign, a gapless superconducting state is stable. Inhomogeneity is generally found to enhance the critical temperature, and at the same time the superfluid density is remarkably robust: at T=0, it is suppressed only in the gapless phase.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, corrected typo
Distortion of the perfect lattice structure in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Pereira, Vitor M.
name: Ribeiro, R. M.
name: Peres, N. M. R.
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the instability of bilayer graphene with respect to a distorted configuration in the same spirit as the model introduced by Su, Schrieffer and Heeger. By computing the total energy of a distorted bilayer, we conclude that the ground state of the system favors a finite distortion. We explore how the equilibrium configuration changes with carrier density and an applied potential difference between the two layers.
Reheating in Chaotic D-Term Inflation
Creators: name: Kawano, Teruhiko
name: Yamaguchi, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple model is discussed to give rise to successful reheating in chaotic D-term inflation with a quadratic inflaton potential, introducing a trilinear coupling in the Kähler potential. Leptogenesis through the inflaton decay is also discussed in this model.
description: 10 pages, no figure, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Dark Matter Structures In The Deep Lens Survey
Creators: name: Kubo, Jeffrey M.
name: Khiabanian, Hossein
name: Dell'Antonio, Ian P.
name: Wittman, David
name: Tyson, J. Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a regularized maximum likelihood weak lensing reconstruction of the Deep Lens Survey F2 field (4 deg^2). High signal-to-noise ratio peaks in our lensing significance map appear to be associated with possible projected filamentary structures. The largest apparent structure extends for over a degree in the field and has contributions from known optical clusters at three redshifts (z ~ 0.3, 0.43, 0.5). Noise in weak lensing reconstructions is known to potentially cause "false positives"; we use Monte Carlo techniques to estimate the contamination in our sample, and find that 10-25% of the peaks are expected to be false detections. For significant lensing peaks we estimate the total signal-to-noise ratio of detection using a method that accounts for pixel-to-pixel correlations in our reconstruction. We also report the detection of a candidate relative underdensity in the F2 field with a total signal-to-noise ratio of ~ 5.5.
description: 26 Pages, 7 Figures; accepted to ApJ