cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Smaller Dendritic Spines, Weaker Synaptic Transmission, but Enhanced Spatial Learning in Mice Lacking Shank1
Creators: name: Valtschanoff, J. G.
name: Sala, C.
name: Futai, K.
name: Miyakawa, T.
name: Hung, A. Y.
name: Sung, C. C.
name: Weinberg, R. J.
name: Woodworth, M. A.
name: Ryu, J.
name: Sheng, M.
name: Bear, M. F.
name: Kidd, F. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Experience-dependent changes in the structure of dendritic spines may contribute to learning and memory. Encoded by three genes, the Shank family of postsynaptic scaffold proteins are abundant and enriched in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of central excitatory synapses. When expressed in cultured hippocampal neurons, Shank promotes the maturation and enlargement of dendritic spines. Recently, Shank3 has been genetically implicated in human autism, suggesting an important role for Shank proteins in normal cognitive development. Here, we report the phenotype of Shank1 knock-out mice. Shank1 mutants showed altered PSD protein composition; reduced size of dendritic spines; smaller, thinner PSDs; and weaker basal synaptic transmission. Standard measures of synaptic plasticity were normal. Behaviorally, they had increased anxiety-related behavior and impaired contextual fear memory. Remarkably, Shank1-deficient mice displayed enhanced performance in a spatial learning task; however, their long-term memory retention in this task was impaired. These results affirm the importance of Shank1 for synapse structure and function in vivo, and they highlight a differential role for Shank1 in specific cognitive processes, a feature that may be relevant to human autism spectrum disorders.
A Novel Allele of Myosin VIIa Reveals a Critical Function for the C-Terminal FERM Domain for Melanosome Transport in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Tarantino, L. M.
name: Gibbs, D.
name: Sczaniecka, A.
name: Muller, U.
name: Lillo, C.
name: Lopes, V.
name: Wiltshire, T.
name: Delano, D.
name: Williams, D. S.
name: Schwander, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Mutations in the head and tail domains of the motor protein myosin VIIA (MYO7A) cause deaf-blindness (Usher syndrome Type 1B, USH1B) and non-syndromic deafness (DFNB2, DFNA11). The head domain binds to F-actin and serves as the MYO7A motor domain, but little is known about the function of the tail domain. In a genetic screen, we have identified polka mice, which carry a mutation (c.5742 + 5G>A) that affects splicing of the MYO7A transcript and truncates the MYO7A tail domain at the C-terminal FERM domain. In the inner ear, expression of the truncated MYO7A protein is severely reduced, leading to defects in hair cell development. In retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, the truncated MYO7A protein is expressed at comparative levels to wild-type protein but fails to associate with and transport melanosomes. We conclude that the C-terminal FERM domain of MYO7A is critical for melanosome transport in RPE cells. Our findings also suggest that MYO7A mutations can lead to tissue specific effects on protein levels, which may explain why some mutations in MYO7A lead to deafness without retinal impairment.
Classical and Bayes Analysis of A Competing Risk Model Based on Two Weibull Distributions with Increasing and Decreasing Hazards
Creators: name: Ankita Guptaa
name: Ranjanb, Rakesh
name: Satyanshu K. Upadhyaya
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2018
Subjects: Competing risk
Weibull distribution
Right censoring
Expectation-maximization algorithm
Gibbs sampler
Predictive p-value.

description: The paper considers a competing risk model based on two Weibull distributions, one with increasing and the other with decreasing hazard rate. It then considers both classical and Bayesian analysis of the model, the later development utilizes the informative but weak priors for the parameters. The analysis is facilitated by the fact that a competing risk model can be considered as an incomplete data model even if the situation allows all the observations on the test to be made available although the results are extended for censored data cases as well. The paper uses the expectation-maximization algorithm for classical maximum likelihood estimation and Gibbs sampler algorithm for posterior based inferences. It is shown that the likelihood function offers unique and consistent maximum likelihood estimates. The results are illustrated based on a real data example. Finally, the compatibility of the model is examined for the considered real data set using some standard tools of Bayesian paradigm.
QED corrections to Abraham and Aharonov-Casher force on Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Fournis, R. Le
name: Van Tiggelen, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the Abraham force and the Aharonov-Casher force exerted by the electromagnetic quantum vacuum on alkaline atoms in highly excited, long-living Rydberg states. Because of their high polarizability and long-life time such atoms are good candidates to observe these forces.
Comparison of usage of crowdsourcing in traditional and agile software development methodologies on the basis of effectiveness
Creators: name: Himanshu Pandey
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2018
Subjects: Crowdsourcing
Genomic Information Retrieval
Agile software development
COCOMO
Simple Build-up Method

description: The authors here try to forecast the Effort in Person Months for developing Agile and the traditional way of software development including Prototyping. The comparison is made on the basis of considering both Agile and traditional software development methodologies in addition to the crowdsourcing paradigm applied to both approaches. DNA Matcher (DNAM) has been developed using both prototyping and Agile software development with crowd sourcing. For Agile development, first of all COCOMO II Model is applied on it utilizing the crowdsourcing technique. The authors have determined that Agile development proves to be considerably economical when both techniques use crowdsourcing. The case study used here is DNAM. First DNAM was developed using traditional prototyping methods. During its analysis, costing is done. This is done in accordance with the crowdsoursing used in parallel to the Prototyping method. The time and effort in Person Months (PM) was known. Then AGILE development methodology is used in the development of DNAM. Agile is used along with the crowdsourcing paradigm. As soon as the analysis phase is completed, Simple Build-up Approach forecasts the time and effort in terms of Number of Iterations and Person Months and we compare the results of Effort and Cost of both the techniques. The Agile method is found to be both, less in cost and effort, thereby increasing the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the progression of Software development.
Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles under Ambient Temperature from Single Iron Salts and Characterization
Creators: name: Shah Samiur Rashid
Publisher: name: Research Administration Division
Year: 2022
Subjects: Anhydrous ferric chlorides
Black precipitated
Magnetic nanoparticles
Magnetiza-tion
Potassium iodide

description: Science & Technology Asia, 27, 3, 19-26
Mass-deformed $T_N$ as a linear quiver
Creators: name: Hayashi, Hirotaka
name: Tachikawa, Yuji
name: Yonekura, Kazuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $T_N$ theory is a non-Lagrangian theory with SU(N) flavor symmetry. We argue that when mass terms are given so that two of SU(N)'s are both broken to SU(N-1) x U(1), it becomes $T_{N-1}$ theory coupled to an SU(N-1) vector multiplet together with N fundamentals. This implies that when two of SU(N)'s are both broken to U(1)$^{N-1}$, the theory becomes a linear quiver. We perform various checks of this statement, by using the 5d partition function, the structure of the coupling constants, the Higgs branch, and the Seiberg-Witten curve. We also study the case with more general punctures.
description: 36 pages, 5 figures; v2: short discussions on 3d T_N theory appended, typos corrected, and references added
The Necessary Stability Conditions of a Tandem System With Feedback
Creators: name: Evsey Morozov
name: Gurami Tsitsiashvili
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2018
Subjects: queuing system
ergodicity
input flow
feedback

description: In this paper, we consider Markovian model of a two-station tandem network with the following feedback admission control policy: the first station rejects new arrivals when the queue size in the second station exceeds a certain threshold 𝑁. We provide necessary stability conditions of this model. Each station operates as a multiserver queuieng system, and thus work in part generalizes the results from the paper [1] in which single-server stations have been considered. The analysis is based on the Burke’s theorem and stochastic monotonicity of the Birth-Death process describing the number of customers in the second station.
Comparison of Tocopherol Contents in 13 Cold-Pressed Vegetable Oils Extracted from the Mini Screw Press Model T3 by RP-HPLC/FLD
Creators: name: Saowapa Chumanee
Publisher: name: Research Administration Division
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cold-pressed oil
HPLC
Screw press
Tocopherols
Vegetable oil

description: Science & Technology Asia, 27, 3, 27-36
Robustness of binary stochastic neurons implemented with low barrier nanomagnets made of dilute magnetic semiconductors
Creators: name: Rahman, Rahnuma
name: Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary stochastic neurons (BSNs) are excellent hardware accelerators for machine learning. A popular platform for implementing them are low- or zero-energy barrier nanomagnets possessing in-plane magnetic anisotropy (e.g. circular disks or quasi-elliptical disks with very small eccentricity). Unfortunately, small geometric variations in the lateral shapes of such nanomagnets can produce large changes in the BSN response times if the nanomagnets are made of common metallic ferromagnets (Co, Ni, Fe) with large saturation magnetization. Additionally, the response times are also very sensitive to initial conditions. Here, we show that if the nanomagnets are made of dilute magnetic semiconductors with much smaller saturation magnetization, then the variability in their response times (due to shape variations and variation in the initial condition) is drastically suppressed. This significantly reduces the device-to-device variation, which is a serious challenge for large scale neuromorphic systems.
Modeling of grain boundary dynamics using amplitude equations
Creators: name: Hüter, Claas
name: Neugebauer, Jörg
name: Boussinot, Guillaume
name: Svendsen, Bob
name: Prahl, Ulrich
name: Spatschek, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the modelling of grain boundary dynamics within an amplitude equations description, which is derived from classical density functional theory or the phase field crystal model. The relation between the conditions for periodicity of the system and coincidence site lattices at grain boundaries is investigated. Within the amplitude equations framework we recover predictions of the geometrical model by Cahn and Taylor for coupled grain boundary motion, and find both $\langle100\rangle$ and $\langle110\rangle$ coupling. No spontaneous transition between these modes occurs due to restrictions related to the rotational invariance of the amplitude equations. Grain rotation due to coupled motion is also in agreement with theoretical predictions. Whereas linear elasticity is correctly captured by the amplitude equations model, open questions remain for the case of nonlinear deformations.
description: 21 pages. We extended the discussion on the geometrical nonlinearities in Section 5
Comments on: "Hybrid Semiparametric Bayesian Networks"
Creators: name: Scutari, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Invited discussion on the paper "Hybrid Semiparametric Bayesian Networks" by David Atienza, Pedro Larranaga and Concha Bielza (TEST, 2022).
description: 3 pages
Interoceptive Effects of Alcohol Require mGlu5 Receptor Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens
Creators: name: Hodge, C. W.
name: Spanos, M.
name: Stevenson, R. A.
name: Besheer, J.
name: Grondin, J. J. M.
name: Salling, M. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The interoceptive effects of alcohol are major determinants of addiction liability. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are widely expressed in striatal circuits known to modulate drug-seeking. Given that the interoceptive effects of drugs can be important determinants of abuse liability, we hypothesized that striatal mGlu receptors modulate the interoceptive effects of alcohol. Using drug discrimination learning, rats were trained to discriminate alcohol (1 g/kg, i.g.) versus water. We found that systemic antagonism of metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptors [10 mg/kg 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP) and 3 mg/kg 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl) pyridine], but not mGlu1 receptors ([0.3–3 mg/kg JNJ16259685) (3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3] β-quinolin-7-yl) (cis-4-methoxycyclohexyl) methanone)], inhibited the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol. Furthermore, mGlu5 recept or antagonism (10 mg/kg MPEP) significantly inhibited neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens core as levels of the transcription factor c-Fos were significantly reduced. Accordingly, targeted inhibition of mGlu5 receptors (20 μg of MPEP) in the nucleus accumbens core blunted the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol (1 g/kg). Anatomical specificity was confirmed by the lack of effect of inhibition of mGlu5 receptors (10–30 μg of MPEP) in the dorsomedial caudate–putamen and the similar cytological expression patterns and relative density of mGlu5 receptors between the brain regions. Functional involvement of intra-accumbens mGlu5 receptors was confirmed as activation of mGlu5 receptors [10 μg of (RS)-2-amino-2-(2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid sodium salt] enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of a low alcohol dose (0.5 g/kg), and mGlu5 receptor inhibition (20 μg of MPEP) prevented the agonist-induced enhancement. These results show that mGlu5 receptor activity in the nucleus accumbens is required for the expression of the interoceptive effects of alcohol.
Mrgprd Enhances Excitability in Specific Populations of Cutaneous Murine Polymodal Nociceptors
Creators: name: Wang, H.
name: Anderson, D. J.
name: Koerber, H. R.
name: Rau, K. K.
name: Zylka, M. J.
name: Jankowski, M. P.
name: Lawson, J. J.
name: McIlwrath, S. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The Mrgprd receptor is selectively expressed in nonpeptidergic nociceptors that innervate the outer layers of mammalian skin. The function of Mrgprd in nociceptive neurons and the physiologically-relevant somatosensory stimuli that activate Mrgprd-expressing (Mrgprd+) neurons are currently unknown. To address these issues, we studied three Mrgprd knockin mouse lines using an ex vivo somatosensory preparation to examine the role of the Mrgprd receptor and Mrgprd+ afferents in cutaneous somatosensation. In mouse hairy skin, Mrgprd, as marked by expression of GFP reporters, was expressed predominantly in the population of non-peptidergic, TRPV1-negative, C-polymodal nociceptors. In mice lacking Mrgprd, this population of nociceptors exhibited decreased sensitivity to cold, heat and mechanical stimuli. Additionally, in vitro patch clamp studies were performed on cultured DRG neurons from Mrgprd−/− and Mrgprd+/− mice. These studies revealed a higher rheobase in neurons from Mrgprd−/− mice than from Mrgprd+/− mice. Furthermore, in vitro the application of the Mrgprd ligand β-alanine significantly reduced the rheobase and increased the firing rate in neurons from Mrgprd+/− mice, but was without effect in neurons from Mrgprd−/− mice. Our results demonstrate that Mrgprd influences the excitability of polymodal nonpeptidergic nociceptors to mechanical and thermal stimuli.
Influences of Operational Parameters on Methylene Blue Degradation in the Suspension Photoreactor Using Aeroxide? P25/TiO2 as a Photocatalyst
Creators: name: Khatcharin Wetchakun
Publisher: name: Research Administration Division
Year: 2022
Subjects: Aeroxide? P25
Methylene bluedegradation
Operational parameters
Photocatalysis
TiO2

description: Science & Technology Asia, 27, 3, 37-54
How Different Groups Prioritize Ethical Values for Responsible AI
Creators: name: Jakesch, Maurice
name: Buçinca, Zana
name: Amershi, Saleema
name: Olteanu, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Private companies, public sector organizations, and academic groups have outlined ethical values they consider important for responsible artificial intelligence technologies. While their recommendations converge on a set of central values, little is known about the values a more representative public would find important for the AI technologies they interact with and might be affected by. We conducted a survey examining how individuals perceive and prioritize responsible AI values across three groups: a representative sample of the US population (N=743), a sample of crowdworkers (N=755), and a sample of AI practitioners (N=175). Our results empirically confirm a common concern: AI practitioners' value priorities differ from those of the general public. Compared to the US-representative sample, AI practitioners appear to consider responsible AI values as less important and emphasize a different set of values. In contrast, self-identified women and black respondents found responsible AI values more important than other groups. Surprisingly, more liberal-leaning participants, rather than participants reporting experiences with discrimination, were more likely to prioritize fairness than other groups. Our findings highlight the importance of paying attention to who gets to define responsible AI.
Reducing Acrylamide in Roasted Coffee Beans by L-Asparaginase Using Ultrasound
Creators: name: MinhHao Hoang
Publisher: name: Research Administration Division
Year: 2022
Subjects: Acrylamide
L-asparaginase
Roasted coffee
Robusta
Ultrasound

description: Science & Technology Asia, 27, 3, 55-68
Correction to: A probabilistic projection of beneficiaries of long‑term care insurance in Germany by severity of disability
Creators: name: Vanella, Patrizio
name: Heß, Moritz
name: Wilke, Christina B.
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::050 | Zeitschriften, fortlaufende Sammelwerke

description: In the original publication of the article, abstract was missed in the html version. The original article has been corrected.
A plant–pollinator metanetwork along a habitat fragmentation gradient
Creators: name: Librán‐Embid, Felipe
name: Grass, Ingo
name: Emer, Carine
name: Ganuza, Cristina
name: Tscharntke, Teja
Publisher: name: Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: calcareous grasslands
subject: landscape ecology
subject: mutualism
subject: network theory
subject: plant–pollinator interactions
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: To understand how plant–pollinator interactions respond to habitat fragmentation, we need novel approaches that can capture properties that emerge at broad scales, where multiple communities engage in metanetworks. Here we studied plant–pollinator interactions over 2 years on 29 calcareous grassland fragments selected along independent gradients of habitat size and surrounding landscape diversity of cover types. We associated network centrality of plant–pollinator interactions and grassland fragments with their ecological and landscape traits, respectively. Interactions involving habitat specialist plants and large-bodied pollinators were the most central, implying that species with these traits form the metanetwork core. Large fragments embedded in landscapes with high land cover diversity exhibited the highest centrality; however, small fragments harboured many unique interactions not found on larger fragments. Intensively managed landscapes have reached a point in which all remaining fragments matter, meaning that losing any further areas may vanish unique interactions with unknown consequences for ecosystem functioning.
Mutually catalytic branching in the plane: Infinite measure states
Creators: name: Dawson, Donald A.
name: Etheridge, Alison M.
name: Fleischmann, Klaus
name: Mytnik, Leonid
name: Perkins, Edwin A.
name: Xiong, Jie
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Catalyst
subject: reactant
subject: measure-valued branching
subject: interactive branching
subject: state-dependent branching
subject: two-dimensional process
subject: absolute continuity
subject: self-similarity
subject: collision measure
subject: collision local time
subject: martingale problem
subject: moment equations
subject: segregation of types
subject: coexistence of types
subject: self-duality
subject: long-term behavior
subject: scaling
subject: Feynman integral
subject: 60K35
subject: 60G57
subject: 60J80

description: A two-type infinite-measure-valued population in R2 is constructed which undergoes diffusion and branching. The system is interactive in that the branching rate of each type is proportional to the local density of the other type. For a collision rate sufficiently small compared with the diffusion rate, the model is constructed as a pair of infinite-measure-valued processes which satisfy a martingale problem involving the collision local time of the solutions. The processes are shown to have densities at fixed times which live on disjoint sets and explode as they approach the interface of the two populations. In the long-term limit (in law), local extinction of one type is shown. The process constructed is a rescaled limit of the corresponding Z2 lattice model studied by Dawson and Perkins (1998) and resolves the large scale mass-time-space behavior of that model under critical scaling. This part of a trilogy extends results from the finite-measure-valued case, whereas uniqueness questions are again deferred to the third part.
Estimation of aperture of the Tunka-Rex radio array for cosmic-ray air-shower measurements
Creators: name: Tunka-REX Collaboration
name: Lenok, Vladimir
name: Bezyazeekov, P. A.
name: Budnev, N.
name: Fedorov, O.
name: Gress, O.
name: Grishin, O.
name: Haungs, A.
name: Huege, T.
name: Kazarina, Y.
name: Kleifges, M.
name: Korosteleva, E.
name: Kostunin, D.
name: Kuzmichev, L.
name: Lubsandorzhiev, N.
name: Malakhov, S.
name: Marshalkina, T.
name: Monkhoev, R.
name: Osipova, E.
name: Pakhorukov, A.
name: Pankov, L.
name: Prosin, V.
name: Schröder, F. G.
name: Shipilov, D.
name: Zagorodnikov, A.
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2022

description: The recent progress in the radio detection technique for air showers paves the path to future cosmic-ray radio detectors. Digital radio arrays allow for a measurement of the air-shower energy and depth of its maximum with a resolution comparable to those of the leading optical detection methods. One of the remaining challenges regarding cosmic-ray radio instrumentation is an accurate estimation of their efficiency and aperture. We present a probabilistic model to address this challenge. We use the model to estimate the efficiency and aperture of the Tunka-Rex radio array. The basis of the model is a parametrization of the radio footprint and a probabilistic treatment of the detection process on both the antenna and array levels. In this way, we can estimate the detection efficiency for air showers as function of their arrival direction, energy, and impact point on the ground. In addition, the transparent internal relationships between the different stages of the air-shower detection process in our probabilistic approach enable to estimate the uncertainty of the efficiency and, consequently, of the aperture of radio arrays. The details of the model will be presented in the contribution.
A cosmographic analysis of holographic dark energy models
Creators: name: Pan, Supriya
name: Chakraborty, Subenoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work deals with a detailed study of interacting holographic dark energy model for three common choices of the interaction term. Also, two standard choices of IR cut-off, namely, Ricci length scale and radius of the event horizon are considered here. Finally, the cosmographic parameters are presented both analytically and graphically.
description: 13 pages, 20 figures
Correlations in typicality and an affirmative solution to the exact catalytic entropy conjecture
Creators: name: Wilming, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: I show that if a finite-dimensional density matrix has strictly smaller von Neumann entropy than a second one of the same dimension (and the rank is not bigger), then sufficiently (but finitely) many tensor-copies of the first density matrix majorize a density matrix whose single-body marginals are all exactly equal to the second density matrix. This implies an affirmative solution of the exact catalytic entropy conjecture (CEC) introduced by Boes et al. [PRL 122, 210402 (2019)]. Both the Lemma and the solution to the CEC transfer to the classical setting of finite-dimensional probability vectors (with permutations of entries instead of unitary transformations for the CEC).
description: v2: ~3.5 + 1 pages; Improved presentation, additional appendix; final version for publication in Quantum
Plasmon mode as a detection of the chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Zhou, Jianhui
name: Chang, Hao-Ran
name: Xiao, Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl semimetals are one kind of three-dimensional gapless semimetal with nontrivial topology in the momentum space. The chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals manifests as a charge imbalance between the Weyl nodes of opposite chiralities induced by parallel electric and magnetic fields. We investigate the chiral anomaly effect on the plasmon mode in both intrinsic and doped Weyl semimetals within the random phase approximation. We prove that the chiral anomaly gives rise to a different plasmon mode in intrinsic Weyl semimetals. We also find the chiral anomaly leads to some exotic properties in the plasmon dispersion in doped Weyl semimetals. Consequently, the unconventional plasmon mode acts as a signature of the chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals, by which the spectrum of plasmon provides a proper way to detect the Lifshitz transition.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures;References added, typos corrected,slight changes in text
Building a robust medical imaging curriculum in the pre-clinical phase of undergraduate medical education
Creators: name: Lin, Lisa
name: Nelsen, Sylvia
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Contrast Media
subject: Curriculum
subject: Schools, Medical
subject: Classroom/didactic teaching
subject: Assessment of learning

description: The utilization and interpretation of imaging studies is an increasingly integral part of the practice of medicine, however there are large variations in how imaging is taught in medical schools with one of every six programs with no recognized imaging curriculum[1]. A national study performed in PGY-1 residents demonstrated a lack of confidence in basic imaging skills, such as recognizing abnormal from normal findings, indications for ordering specific tests, and understanding adverse effects of contrast agents[2]. This study aims to evaluate the current status of medical imaging education during the pre-clinical years of medical education at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), and to use that information to design and integrate high-yield learning resources into the curriculum.
Bosonic Coherent Motions in the Universe
Creators: name: Kim, Jihn E.
name: Semertzidis, Yannis
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We mini-review the role of fundamental spin-0 bosons as bosonic coherent motion (BCM) in the Universe. The fundamental spin-0 bosons have the potential to account for the baryon number generation, cold dark matter (CDM) via BCM, dark energy, and inflation. Among these, here we focus on the CDM possibility because it can be experimentally tested with the current experimental techniques. We also comment briefly on the panoply of the other roles of spin-0 bosons.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Representations of measurable sets in computable measure theory
Creators: name: Weihrauch, Klaus
name: Tavana-Roshandel, Nazanin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article is a fundamental study in computable measure theory. We use the framework of TTE, the representation approach, where computability on an abstract set X is defined by representing its elements with concrete "names", possibly countably infinite, over some alphabet Σ. As a basic computability structure we consider a computable measure on a computable $σ$-algebra. We introduce and compare w.r.t. reducibility several natural representations of measurable sets. They are admissible and generally form four different equivalence classes. We then compare our representations with those introduced by Y. Wu and D. Ding in 2005 and 2006 and claim that one of our representations is the most useful one for studying computability on measurable functions.
PEARL TF-PV, thin-film modules, shunts and droplets
Creators: name: Achterberg, Elbert Jan
name: Sovetkin, Evgenii
Publisher: name: FZ-Juelich B2SHARE
Year: 2020
Subjects: 5.6.23 → Engineering → Computer Science
photovoltaics, encoder-decoder neural networks, thin-film, electroluminescence imaging

description: # A training and testing dataset The dataset contains labelled images of thin-film modules collected during the PEARL project. This dataset is used in this paper: @article{sovetkin2020encoder, title={Encoder-decoder semantic segmentation models for electroluminescence images of thin-film modules}, author={Sovetkin, Evgenii and Weber, Thomas and Achterberg, Elbert Jan and Pieters, Bart Elger}, journal={IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, year={2020}, } ## Structure of the data The data is split onto 3 groups: training, testing and final_evaluation. Each group contains labelled images for droplets and shunts. All images are located in "images" directory. All labelled images are located in "labels" directory.
Flow-Injection Spectrophotometric System for Sequential Determination of Sugar and Orthophosphate in Soft Drinks and Sugarcane Juice
Creators: name: Kamonthip Sereenonchai
Publisher: name: Research Administration Division
Year: 2022
Subjects: Flow injection
Molybdenum blue method
Orthophosphate
Schlieren effect
Sucrose

description: Science & Technology Asia, 27, 3, 95-108
A Fine-grained Interpretability Evaluation Benchmark for Neural NLP
Creators: name: Wang, Lijie
name: Shen, Yaozong
name: Peng, Shuyuan
name: Zhang, Shuai
name: Xiao, Xinyan
name: Liu, Hao
name: Tang, Hongxuan
name: Chen, Ying
name: Wu, Hua
name: Wang, Haifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While there is increasing concern about the interpretability of neural models, the evaluation of interpretability remains an open problem, due to the lack of proper evaluation datasets and metrics. In this paper, we present a novel benchmark to evaluate the interpretability of both neural models and saliency methods. This benchmark covers three representative NLP tasks: sentiment analysis, textual similarity and reading comprehension, each provided with both English and Chinese annotated data. In order to precisely evaluate the interpretability, we provide token-level rationales that are carefully annotated to be sufficient, compact and comprehensive. We also design a new metric, i.e., the consistency between the rationales before and after perturbations, to uniformly evaluate the interpretability on different types of tasks. Based on this benchmark, we conduct experiments on three typical models with three saliency methods, and unveil their strengths and weakness in terms of interpretability. We will release this benchmark https://www.luge.ai/#/luge/task/taskDetail?taskId=15 and hope it can facilitate the research in building trustworthy systems.
Mrgprd-Expressing Polymodal Nociceptive Neurons Innervate Most Known Classes of Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons
Creators: name: Zylka, M. J.
name: Wang, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (Mrgprd) marks a distinct subset of sensory neurons that transmit polymodal nociceptive information from the skin epidermis to the substantia gelatinosa (SG, lamina II) of the spinal cord. Moreover, Mrgprd-expressing (Mrgprd+) neurons are required for the full expression of mechanical but not thermal nociception. While such anatomical and functional specificity suggests Mrgprd+ neurons might synapse with specific postsynaptic targets in the SG, precisely how Mrgprd+ neurons interface with spinal circuits is currently unknown. To study circuit connectivity, we genetically targeted the light-activated ion channel Channelrhodopsin-2-Venus (ChR2-Venus) to the Mrgprd locus. In these knock-in mice, ChR2-Venus was localized to nonpeptidergic Mrgprd+ neurons and axons, while peptidergic CGRP+ neurons were not significantly labeled. Dissociated Mrgprd+ DRG neurons from mice expressing one or two copies of ChR2-Venus could be activated in vitro as evidenced by light-evoked currents and action potentials. In addition, illumination of Mrgprd-ChR2-Venus+ axon terminals in spinal cord slices evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in half of all SG neurons. Within this subset, Mrgprd+ neurons were monosynaptically connected to most known classes of SG neurons, including radial, tonic central, transient central, vertical and antenna cells. This cellular diversity ruled out the possibility that Mrgprd+ neurons innervate a dedicated class of SG neuron. Our findings set broad constraints on the types of spinal neurons that process afferent input from Mrgprd+ polymodal nociceptors.
Optimal temperature estimation in polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Xie, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Improving the measurement precision of temperature is very important and challenging, especially in the low temperature range. Based on the existence of invariant subspaces during the polariton thermalization, we propose a new way to enhance the measurement precision of the low temperature and obtain Landau bound to avoid that the measurement uncertainty of the temperature diverges as the temperature approaches zero. The measurement precision of the low temperature increases significantly with the number of polariton states. In order to resist the dissipation, the incoherent pumping is necessary for obtaining the information of the temperature encoded in the steady state. It should be noted that too strong incoherent pumping is wasteful due to that the quantum Fisher information of the temperature becomes less and less dependent on the total number of the polaritons.
description: 8pages,6figures, welcome any comment
The finite dimensional attractor for a 4th order system of Cahn-Hilliard type with a supercritical nonlinearity
Creators: name: Efendiev, Messoud A.
name: Gajewski, Herbert
name: Zelik, Sergei
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Cahn-Hilliard system
subject: global attractors
subject: fractal dimension
subject: 35B40
subject: 35B45

description: The paper is devoted to study the long-time behaviour of solutions of the following 4th order parabolic system in a bounded smooth domain Ω ⊂ ⊂ ℝn: (1) b∂tu = - Δxu(aΔxu - α∂tu - ƒ(u) + g̃), where u = (u1,...uk) is an unknown vector-valued function, a and b are given constant matrices such that a + a* > 0, b = b* > 0, α > 0 is a positive number, and ƒ and g are given functions. Note that the nonlinearity ƒ is not assumed to be subordinated to the Laplacian. The existence of a finite dimensional global attractor for the system (1) is proved under some natural assumptions on the nonlinear term ƒ.
PSD-95 Is Essential for Hallucinogen and Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Actions at Serotonin Receptors
Creators: name: Caron, M. G.
name: Yao, W.-D.
name: Grant, S. G. N.
name: Yadav, P. N.
name: Roth, B. L.
name: Arbuckle, M. I.
name: Abbas, A. I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Here we report that PSD-95, a postsynaptic density scaffolding protein classically conceptualized as being essential for the regulation of ionotropic glutamatergic signaling at the post-synaptic membrane, plays an unanticipated and essential role in mediating the actions of hallucinogens and atypical antipsychotic drugs at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C serotonergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We show that PSD-95 is crucial for normal 5-HT2A and 5- HT2C expression in vivo, and that PSD-95 maintains normal receptor expression by promoting apical dendritic targeting and stabilizing receptor turnover in vivo. Significantly, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C-mediated downstream signaling is impaired in PSD-95null mice, and the 5-HT2A-mediated head twitch response is abnormal. Furthermore, the ability of 5-HT2A inverse agonists to normalize behavioral changes induced by glutamate receptor antagonists is abolished in the absence of PSD-95 in vivo. These results demonstrate that PSD-95, in addition to the well known role it plays in scaffolding macromolecular glutamatergic signaling complexes, profoundly modulates metabotropic 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor function.
On estimation of the linearized drift for nonlinear stochastic differential equations
Creators: name: Khasminskii, Rafail
name: Milstein, Grigori N.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: asymptotic efficiency
subject: maximum likelihood estimator
subject: local asymptotic normality
subject: stochastic stability
subject: 60H10
subject: 62F
subject: 93E15

description: The estimation of linearized drift for stochastic differential equations with equilibrium points is considered. It is proved that the linearized drift matrix can be estimated efficiently if the initial condition for the system is chosen close enough to the equilibrium point. Some bounds for initial conditions providing the asymptotical efficiency of estimators are found.
Femtosecond Thermal and Nonthermal Hot Electron Tunneling inside a Photoexcited Tunnel Junction
Creators: name: Sabanés, Natalia Martín
name: Krecinic, Faruk
name: Kumagai, Takashi
name: Schulz, Fabian
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Müller, Melanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient operation of electronic nanodevices at ultrafast speeds requires understanding and control of the currents generated by femtosecond bursts of light. Ultrafast laser-induced currents in metallic nanojunctions can originate from photo-assisted hot electron tunneling or lightwave-induced tunneling. Both processes can drive localized photocurrents inside a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) on femto- to attosecond time scales, enabling ultrafast STM with atomic spatial resolution. Femtosecond laser excitation of a metallic nanojunction, however, also leads to the formation of a transient thermalized electron distribution, but the tunneling of thermalized hot electrons on time scales faster than electron-lattice equilibration is not well understood. Here, we investigate ultrafast electronic heating and transient thermionic tunneling inside a metallic photoexcited tunnel junction and its role in the generation of ultrafast photocurrents in STM. Phase-resolved sampling of broadband THz pulses via the THz-field-induced modulation of ultrafast photocurrents allows us to probe the electronic temperature evolution inside the STM tip, and to observe the competition between instantaneous and delayed tunneling due to nonthermal and thermal hot electron distributions in real time. Our results reveal the pronounced nonthermal character of photo-induced hot electron tunneling, and provide a detailed microscopic understanding of hot electron dynamics inside a laser-excited tunnel junction.
description: 32 pages, 5 figures, supporting information
Synaptic Overflow of Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens Arises from Neuronal Activity in the Ventral Tegmental Area
Creators: name: Sombers, L. A.
name: Beyene, M.
name: Mark Wightman, R.
name: Carelli, R. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Dopamine concentrations fluctuate on a subsecond time scale in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of awake rats. These transients occur in resting animals, are more frequent following administration of drugs of abuse, and become time–locked to cues predicting reward. Despite their importance in various behaviors, the origin of these signals has not been demonstrated. Here we show that dopamine transients are evoked by neural activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain region containing dopaminergic cell bodies. The frequency of naturally occurring dopamine transients in a resting, awake animal was reduced by a local ventral tegmental area (VTA) microinfusion of either lidocaine or (±)2-amino,5-phosphopentanoic acid (AP-5), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that attenuates phasic firing. When dopamine increases were pharmacologically evoked by noncontingent administration of cocaine, intra-VTA infusion of lidocaine or AP-5 significantly diminished this effect. Dopamine transients acquired in response to a cue during intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) were also attenuated by intra-VTA microinfusion of AP-5, and this was accompanied by an increase in latency to lever press. The results from these three distinct experiments directly demonstrate, for the first time, how neuronal firing of dopamine neurons originating in the VTA translates into synaptic overflow in a key terminal region, the NAc shell.
Spectral function of a localized fermion coupled to the Wilson-Fisher conformal field theory
Creators: name: Allais, Andrea
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the dynamics of a single fermion in a dispersionless band coupled to the 2+1 dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) describing the quantum phase transition of a bosonic order parameter with N components. The fermionic spectral functions are expected to apply to the vicinity of quantum critical points in two-dimensional metals over an intermediate temperature regime where the Landau damping of the order parameter can be neglected. Some of our results are obtained by a mapping to an auxiliary problem of a CFT containing a defect line with an external field which locally breaks the global O(N) symmetry.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures; (v2) corrected typos
Strong clumping of super-Brownian motion in a stable catalytic medium
Creators: name: Dawson, Donald A.
name: Fleischmann, Klaus
name: Mörters, Peter
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: catalytic super-Brownian motion
subject: stable catalysts
subject: critical branching
subject: measure-valued branching
subject: random medium
subject: clumping
subject: functional limit law
subject: historical superprocess
subject: Brownian snake in a random medium
subject: subordination
subject: exit measures
subject: good and bad paths
subject: stopped measures
subject: collision local time
subject: heavy tails
subject: Feynman-Kac formula
subject: annealed and quenched random medium approach
subject: 60K37
subject: 60K35
subject: 60J80
subject: 60G57
subject: 60F05

description: A typical feature of the long time behaviour of continuous super-Brownian motion in a stable catalytic medium is the development of large mass clumps or clusters at spatially rare sites. We describe this phenomenon by means of a functional limit law under renormalisation. The limiting process is a Poisson point field of mass clumps with no spatial motion component and with infinite variance. The mass of each cluster evolves independently according to a continuous process trapped at mass zero, which we describe explicitly by means of a Brownian snake construction in a random medium. We also determine the survival probability and asymptotic size of the clumps.
A mathematical model for impulse resistance welding
Creators: name: Hömberg, Dietmar
name: Duderstadt, Frank
name: Khludnev, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Joule heating
subject: resistance welding
subject: thermo-viscoelasticity
subject: 35D05
subject: 35Q72
subject: 74F15

description: We present a mathematical model of impulse resistance welding. It accounts for electrical, thermal and mechanical effects, which are nonlinearly coupled by the balance laws, constitutive equations and boundary conditions. The electrical effects of the weld machine are incorporated by a discrete oscillator circuit which is coupled to the field equations by a boundary condition. We prove the existence of weak solutions for a slightly simplified model which however still covers most of its essential features, e.g. the quadratic Joule heat term and a quadratic term due to non-elastic energy dissipation. We discuss the numerical implementation in a 2D setting, present some numerical results and conclude with some remarks on future research.