cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary document for Comparing flickering and pulsed chromatic pupil light responses - 5955190.pdf
Creators: name: Tripolone, María
name: Issolio, Luis
name: Agüero, Carlos
name: Lavaque, Alejandro
name: Cao, Dingcai
name: Barrionuevo, Pablo
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Parameters in temporal and frequency domains. Diagrams of the systems. Steady and transient parameter values of Experiment 2. Relation of harmonics in Experiment 1.
Charge Parity Rates in Transmon Qubits with Different Shunting Capacitors
Creators: name: Huang, Yi-Hsiang
name: Wang, Haozhi
name: Huang, Yizhou
name: McKnight-Milles, Sylvie
name: Steffen, Zachary
name: Palmer, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of non-equilibrium quasiparticles in superconducting resonators and qubits operating at millikelvin temperature has been known for decades. One metric for the number of quasiparticles affecting qubits is the rate of single-electron change in charge on the qubit island ($\textit i.e.$ the charge parity rate). Here, we have utilized a Ramsey-like pulse sequence to monitor changes in the parity states of five transmon qubits. The five qubits have shunting capacitors with two different geometries and fabricated from both Al and Ta. The charge parity rate differs by a factor of two for the two transmon designs studied here but does not depend on the material of the shunting capacitor. The underlying mechanism of the source of parity switching is further investigated in one of the qubit devices by increasing the quasiparticle trapping rate using induced vortices in the electrodes of the device. The charge parity rate exhibited a weak dependence on the quasiparticle trapping rate, indicating that the main source of charge parity events is from the production of quasiparticles across the Josephson junction. To estimate this source of quasiparticle production, we simulate and estimate pair-breaking photon absorption rates for our two qubit geometries and find a similar factor of two in the absorption rate for a background blackbody radiation temperature of $T^*\sim$ 350 mK.
Investigating Self-Efficacy as a Mediator of Peer Violence and Dating Violence Perpetration Among High-Risk Adolescents
Creators: name: Joshi, Sandhya
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2018

description: Background:  Dating violence is a significant public health problem. This study explored the potential mediation of self-efficacy of nonviolent conflict negotiation in the association between peer violence and dating violence among youth in a high-risk community.
Methods:  This study used cross-sectional data from the Youth Violence Survey: Linkages among Different Forms of Violence study funded by CDC. Data were collected in in 2004 and analyzed in 2016.  The sample comprised 4,131 public school students in the seventh, ninth, eleventh, and twelfth year in an urban school district with high crime and poverty rates who completed a self-report questionnaire following  parental consent and student assent.  The analytic sample was restricted to participants who dated in the past year (n= 2,888).  A mediation analysis was conducted using both the Causal Steps method and the Sobel Test to determine if self-efficacy in nonviolent conflict negotiation partially mediated the association between peer violence perpetration and dating violence perpetration.
Results: Results supported the study hypothesis that self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between peer violence perpetration and dating violence perpetration.  Even after controlling for dating violence victimization, peer violence victimization, and peer violence perpetration, self-efficacy contributed significantly to the model explaining dating violence perpetration and lowered the dating violence perpetration variation for which peer violence perpetration accounted (total effect: ?= .930 and p<.001, direct effect: ?= .841 and p<.001) .  Self-efficacy decreased the odds by .674 of participants who had perpetrated peer violence from perpetrating dating violence (p<.001).  The significance of the mediation effect was confirmed by the Sobel Test (z= 3.917, 95% CI).
Conclusion: Self-efficacy in nonviolent conflict negotiation could be an effective intervening factor for dating violence perpetration, contributing to stopping the cycle of violence among youth in high-risk communities.
Attitudes and Risky Sexual Behavior among Youth in Kampala, Uganda: Empirical Analyses of Risk Factors by Gender
Creators: name: Whitton, Alaina
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: The majority of HIV-infected individuals live in sub-Saharan Africa and youth account for the largest sub-population with new infections. Because the highest proportion of new infections is among girls, research is needed to understand the risk factors and context by gender. An analysis of peer and parental approval perceptions can elucidate the gender differences in this large, susceptible population in risky behaviors, including histories of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. Methods: Using the cross-sectional Kampala Youth Survey (2014) based in Kampala, Uganda (n=1,134), descriptive statistics were used to explore gender differences in demographics, peer and parental influence variables, and sexual actions. Sexual risk behaviors examined include sexual activity, sexual debut age, self-reported HIV and STI rates, and condom usage. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to determine the odds of sexual risk behaviors based on peer and parental influence variables and gender. This analysis also sought to identify if gender moderated the association between peer and parental influence variables with sexual risk behaviors. Results: There is a statistical difference between genders in a self-reported history of HIV diagnosis (p
PMPNet: Pixel Movement Prediction Network for Monocular Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenes
Creators: name: Peng, Kebin
name: Quarles, John
name: Desai, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel method for monocular depth estimation in dynamic scenes. We first explore the arbitrariness of object's movement trajectory in dynamic scenes theoretically. To overcome the arbitrariness, we use assume that points move along a straight line over short distances and then summarize it as a triangular constraint loss in two dimensional Euclidean space. To overcome the depth inconsistency problem around the edges, we propose a deformable support window module that learns features from different shapes of objects, making depth value more accurate around edge area. The proposed model is trained and tested on two outdoor datasets - KITTI and Make3D, as well as an indoor dataset - NYU Depth V2. The quantitative and qualitative results reported on these datasets demonstrate the success of our proposed model when compared against other approaches. Ablation study results on the KITTI dataset also validate the effectiveness of the proposed pixel movement prediction module as well as the deformable support window module.
Actualización del inventario y riqueza específica de estomatópodos (Crustacea: Hoplocarida: Stomatopoda) de los Arrecifes de Sisal y el Parque Nacional Arrecife Alacranes (PNAA)
Creators: name: García Calzada, Fabiola
name: Simoes, Nuno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crustacea
subject: Crustacean
subject: Crustacea/anatomy & histology
subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine ecosystem
subject: Marine fauna
subject: Marine biota
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Marine biodiversity
subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine organism
subject: Fauna
subject: Stomatopoda
subject: GBIF: 1373
subject: Arrecife Alacranes
subject: Nannosquilla candidensis
subject: GBIF: 6465395
subject: Ecosystem
subject: Ecosystem interaction
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Biodiversity conservation

description: Descubre más información sobre datos, investigaciones científicas, colecciones científicas y grupos de trabajo dedicados al estudio y conservación de la biodiversidad marina en https://www.bdmy.org.mx/

Discover more information about data, scientific research, scientific collections and working groups dedicated to the study and conservation of marine biodiversity at https://www.bdmy.org.mx/

Designed and illustrated by: naturae.art@gmail.com
Visual functions improvement in mild myopia and amblyopia with combined perceptual learning and transcranial random noise stimulation
Creators: name: Camilleri, Rebecca
name: Campana, Gianluca
name: Pavan, Andrea
name: Veronese, Antonella
name: Giudice, Giuseppe Lo
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: It has been shown how perceptual learning, an improvement in a sensory/perceptual task following practice, can generalize and transfer to unrelated visual functions such as visual acuity (VA) in participants with either refractive (e.g. myopia) or cortical deficits (e.g. amblyopia). It has recently been proposed that perceptual learning can be boosted by high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS). By using different groups of participants (single-blind study), here we tested the efficacy of short contrast-detection trainings (8 sessions) with concurrent hf-tRNS, in improving VA and contrast sensitivity (CS) of adults with uncorrected mild myopia or with amblyopia. Results show that a short contrast-detection training is able to improve VA and CS both in participants with mild myopia or with amblyopia only if coupled with hf-tRNS, whereas no effect were seen with the sole administration of perceptual learning or hf-tRNS.
Examining the Predictability of the Teacher Reported Student Risk Screening Scale- Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE) Tool Versus the Student Reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Tool
Creators: name: Jones, Corey
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine results from one school that conducted universal mental health screening using both teacher-report via the Student Risk Screening Scale, Internalizing/Externalizing (SRSS-IE) and student report via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Through this study we compared different informants and different screening tools that are available to screen for mental health risk. Aim: To determine if there is a relationship between teacher ratings on the SRSS-IE and student ratings on the SDQ, and to assess the predictability of each respondent group for office discipline referrals and absences. Method: Non-parametric correlation tests were conducted between the SRSS-IE and SDQ externalizing and internalizing scores. Generalized linear regression models were created based on the data (demographics, internalizing and externalizing scores on both screening tools) to model the two count outcomes (ODRs and absences). ROC curves were generated to calculate the diagnostic accuracy metrics of the scores on both the SRSS-IE and SDQ with the outcome measures (ODRs and absences). Results: Externalizing scores on both screening tools had statistically significant low correlations. The ODR model contained two predictors: externalizing score on the SRSS-IE and internalizing score on the SDQ, while the absence model contained gender, grade, race, and the externalizing score on the SDQ. The highest accuracy and agreement values were seen between students with elevated risks on both tools and ODRs. Discussion: The results confirmed that teacher and student reporting, as well as different screening tools, will result in some different students being identified. The choice of informant and screening tool should be dependent on the needs and resources of the school.
What is CAREX?
Creators: name: Harding, Jon S.
name: McIntosh, Angus R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310304
subject: Freshwater ecology

description: Through the Canterbury Waterway Rehabilitation Experiment (CAREX), we have tested a series of practical tools, and developed solutions and approaches to address aquatic weed, sediment, and nutrient management issues in agricultural waterways in lowland Canterbury.This handout provides information on the CAREX project and tools we have tested.

Suggested citation: Harding, J.S. and A.M. McIntosh. 2016. What is CAREX? Info sheet, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
Community-level Correlates of Crime Rates in Rhode Island
Creators: name: Smith, Herschel
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: The built environment has been associated with community health through numerous studies (Wilcox 2003). Past research into built environments effect on community crime has identified increased green spaces as having a protective effect on property and violent crime rates (Kuo 2001). Kuo and others examine how crime rates are either positively or negatively associated with specified built environment features. The goal of this study is to identify which business types and institutions demonstrate an increased risk or protective effect on community crime rates. It is hypothesized that business types and institutions associated with low social capital crime rates will have a positive correlation with crime rates and outdoor recreation centers/facilities have a protective effect on crime. The data collected includes 2016-2017 Rhode Island average crime rates for general crime, assault, sexual assault, robbery and burglary and 19 built environment characteristics within the 39 Rhode Island county police precincts. Partial least squares regression analysis was performed to model the effects of business types on general crime rates, assault rates, robbery rates, burglary rates, and sex crime rates. The analysis identified a greatest increasing effect on burglary rates with pawn shops and strip clubs, while outdoor recreation centers and fire stations demonstrated the greatest protective effects. An increasing effect on robbery rates was associated with worship centers and pawn shops, while outdoor recreation centers again demonstrated the largest protective effect. The largest increasing effect on sex crime rates was libraries and gun dealers. The predictors that were most positively and negatively associated with violent assault were pawn shop rates and pain treatment center rates, respectively. The study found that outdoor recreation facilities was the only predictor to consistently demonstrated significant protective effects against all 4 specific crime rate types observed. Further research investigating latent factors within Rhode Island communities is necessary.
Outness, Discrimination, and Serious Mental Illness Among LGBTQ Southerners
Creators: name: Caldwell, Joanna
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) individuals face mental health disparities, and these disparities may be more extreme in southern regions of the United States. This study assesses the role of outness on probable serious mental illness (SMI) among LGBTQ southerners and how discrimination may affect this association.
Methods: This study uses the data from the 2017 LGBT Institute Southern Survey, a cross-sectional convenience sample of 6502 LGBTQ-identified adults living in 14 southern states. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine differences between those with and without probable SMI.
Results: A higher proportion of transgender respondents had probable SMI compared to cisgender participants (40.3% vs. 21.8% for cis women and 16.3% for cis men). A higher proportion of bisexual respondents had probable SMI (34.8%) compared to lesbian (17.3%) and gay people (17.1%). Outness was associated with a lower likelihood of probable SMI (OR: .625 (.511, .764), p?.001), especially when controlling for discrimination in the past 12 months (OR: .615 (.488, .774), p?.001) and lifetime discrimination (OR: .582 (.428, .791), p=.003). Lifetime discrimination was associated with a higher likelihood of probable SMI (OR: 2.006 (1.367, 2.943), p=.001) as was discrimination experienced in the past 12 months (OR: 1.770 (1.396, 2.244), p?.001).
Conclusion: These results underscore the importance of the relationships between outness, discrimination and probable serious mental illness among LGBTQ southerners. Policies that address discrimination against sexual minorities should be expanded. Further research on how outness can improve mental health is warranted.
Optimal Design of Continuum Robots with Reachability Constraints
Creators: name: Cheong, Hyunmin
name: Ebrahimi, Mehran
name: Duggan, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While multi-joint continuum robots are highly dexterous and flexible, designing an optimal robot can be challenging due to its kinematics involving curvatures. Hence, the current work presents a computational method developed to find optimal designs of continuum robots given reachability constraints. First, we leverage both forward and inverse kinematic computations to perform reachability analysis in an efficient yet accurate manner. While implementing inverse kinematics, we also integrate torque minimization at joints such that robot configurations with the minimum actuator torque required to reach a given workspace could be found. Lastly, we apply an estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) to find optimal robot dimensions while considering reachability, where the objective function could be the total length of the robot or the actuator torque required to operate the robot. Through three application problems, we show that the EDA is superior to a genetic algorithm (GA) in finding better solutions within a given number of iterations, as the objective values of the best solutions found by the EDA are 4-15\% lower than those found by the GA.
The Influence of Community Elements on School Engagement among HRSA Region IV Students Aged 6-17 Years: Analysis of 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH)
Creators: name: Mikel, Breyanna
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: INTRODUCTION: Evidence in the literature suggests that the Southeastern United States is a region with poor academic outcomes, such as school engagement. While there is research suggesting a myriad of influences of school engagement, the relationship between the built environment and school engagement is an area of research that is not well understood. More focus has been placed on the social environment of a neighborhood and restoring the sense of trust and safety within a community, without addressing the structural and physical components that influence the perceptions of a neighborhood or community.
AIM: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between school engagement and detracting community elements. Additionally, the study aims to determine the demographic characteristics associated with school engagement and the demographic characteristics associated with detracting community elements.
METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health (N= 95,677) survey data was conducted. Children between the ages 6 and 17 years living in HRSA Region IV were included in the study bringing the study sample to 8,668 children. Statistical methods used included descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression to determine the prevalence, unadjusted, and adjusted odds ratios.
RESULTS: The results suggest significant associations between school engagement and detracting community elements (OR=1.51, 1.34-1.71 95% CI). Students that lived in neighborhoods that are considered unsafe (OR=0.50, 0.42-0.58 95% CI) and have violence (OR=2.661, 2.33-3.07 95% CI) were all less likely to have school engagement. Male students (OR=0.45, 0.40-0.50 95% CI), Black students (OR=1.34, 1.18-1.53 95% CI), and students coming from two-parent stepparent family structures (OR=2.36, 1.99-2.79 95% CI) were all less likely to experience school engagement.
DISCUSSION: There are not any differences among states within HRSA Region IV when examining the association of school engagement and detracting community elements. However, the study found that there is an association between school engagement and detracting community elements, overall. More research is needed to examine individual states to determine if there are differences at the state level.
What is CAREX?
Creators: name: Harding, Jon S.
name: McIntosh, Angus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: classificationCode: 310304
subject: Freshwater ecology

description: Through the Canterbury Waterway Rehabilitation Experiment (CAREX), we have tested a series of practical tools, and developed solutions and approaches to address aquatic weed, sediment, and nutrient management issues in agricultural waterways in lowland Canterbury.This handout provides information on the CAREX project and tools we have tested.

Suggested citation: Harding, J.S. and A.M. McIntosh. 2016. What is CAREX? Info sheet, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
Spatial Analysis of County Level Drug Overdose Deaths and Associated Factors, Over Two Time Periods in the United States
Creators: name: Sarkar, Sunanda
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: INTRODUCTION: Recently, drug overdose is being considered as an important public health issue, the magnitude of which is yet to be adequately explored. The United States is experiencing a wide range of drug overdose problems over the past decades, where fatal overdoses have tripled from 1999 to 2016. Geographic approaches to drug overdose death research have emerged in recent years. Studies demonstrated that overdose mortalities are not equally distributed across different geographic areas. Therefore, it is important to consider geographic variations to inform effective prevention and treatment of drug overdoses and prevent premature deaths.

AIM: The aim is to explore spatial distribution of county level drug overdose death rates in the contiguous U.S. over two 5-year time intervals (2007-2011 and 2012-2016); identify and evaluate the extent to which the county level socio-economic and socio-demographic factors are associated with the spatial patterning and explain it.

METHODS: Exploratory spatial cluster analysis was performed to determine whether patterns of observed drug overdose mortality are spatially random or not over two time periods. Both traditional and Empirical Bayes standardization methods were used for spatial autocorrelation test. To determine any change over time, observations in the data are stacked based on time. Time stacked spatial regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between several county level socio-economic and socio-demographic factors and drug overdose death rates in the U.S.

RESULTS: Mean drug overdose death rate increased from early to late time period. Results indicates the presence of significant (at 5% significance level) spatial autocorrelation among the adjacent counties in the drug overdose death rates, and this spatial pattern differs in two time periods. Finally, spatial regression indicates that the effect of different contextual factors are heterogenous over time and across different population.

CONCLUSION: Findings may help inform efforts to prevent, diagnose or treat drug overdoses ahead of time, thus prevent premature deaths by understanding the geographic variations and identifying the areas with growing burdens. Studies focusing on similar associations across different age-groups and insured group may provide better insight.
Configuration Design of Mechanical Assemblies using an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm and Constraint Programming
Creators: name: Cheong, Hyunmin
name: Ebrahimi, Mehran
name: Butscher, Adrian
name: Iorio, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A configuration design problem in mechanical engineering involves finding an optimal assembly of components and joints that realizes some desired performance criteria. Such a problem is a discrete, constrained, and black-box optimization problem. A novel method is developed to solve the problem by applying Bivariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm (BMDA) and constraint programming (CP). BMDA is a type of Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) that exploits the dependency knowledge learned between design variables without requiring too many fitness evaluations, which tend to be expensive for the current application. BMDA is extended with adaptive chi-square testing to identify dependencies and Gibbs sampling to generate new solutions. Also, repair operations based on CP are used to deal with infeasible solutions found during search. The method is applied to a vehicle suspension design problem and is found to be more effective in converging to good solutions than a genetic algorithm and other EDAs. These contributions are significant steps towards solving the difficult problem of configuration design in mechanical engineering with evolutionary computation.
Supplementary document for Deep learning facilitates fully automated brain image registration of optoacoustic tomography and magnetic resonance imaging - 5955421.pdf
Creators: name: Hu, Yexing
name: Lafci, Berkan
name: Luzgin, Artur
name: Wang, Hao
name: Klohs, Jan
name: DEÁN-BEN, XOSÉ LUÍS
name: Ni, Ruiqing
name: Razansky, Daniel
name: Ren, Wuwei
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental document 1
Opposed effects of high- vs. low-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation on visual motion adaptation
Creators: name: Campana, Gianluca
name: Camilleri, Rebecca
name: Moret, Beatrice
name: Pavan, Andrea
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a recent neuro-modulation technique whose effects at both behavioural and neural level are still debated. Here we exploited the well-known phenomenon of motion aftereffect (MAE) in order to investigate the effects of high- vs. low-frequency tRNS on motion adaptation and recovery.
Participants were asked to evaluate MAE duration following the exposure of a circular rotating and expanding grating for 30 s, while being stimulated with either sham or tRNS across different blocks. Different groups were administered with either high- or low-frequency tRNS. Stimulation sites were either bilateral hMT+, early visual areas or frontal areas.

Results showed that, whereas no effects on MAE duration were produced by stimulation of early visual areas or frontal areas, high-frequency tRNS caused a significant decrease in MAE duration whereas low-frequency tRNS caused a significant corresponding increase in MAE duration.
These data indicate that high- vs. low-frequency tRNS has opposed effects on the unbalance, created by adaptation, between neurons tuned to opposite motion directions, and thus on neuronal excitability.
Hand injury audit
Creators: name: Oladipupo Okotore
name: Ejiro Eyaru
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: There was a wide variation in the level of compliance with the different RCEM standards for hand Injury with compliance being low in 3 of the 5 standards

Make all clinical Emergency department staff aware of the audit findings;

Circulation of the RCEM guidelines on hand injury among ED doctors to create awareness of the guidelines;

Encourage ED doctors to document analgesia given in the ED or declined by patients;

A re-audit in 6 months to track progress in implementation of the guidelines.
Modeling the Relationships between Urinary F2-Isoprostanes, BMI, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Creators: name: Sangaraju, Padmini
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic condition affecting 1 in every 10 adults in the United States. There is evidence that individuals with greater levels of F2-isoprostanes at similar levels of adiposity have reduced risk of T2DM. F2-isprostanes have been validated as markers of oxidative status in animal and human studies. Many cross-sectional studies found correlations between F2-isprostanes and adiposity measured as body mass index (BMI). The connection of F2-isprostanes to the lower risk of diabetes and BMI suggests that these markers can be interpreted as a part of some compensatory mechanisms involved in metabolic adaptation to body fat accumulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the additive relationship between BMI, as a measure of adiposity, and 2,3-dinor-iPF2?-III (F2-isoP), as a measure of adaptation to increased BMI, to a model that proposes multiplicative relationships between F2-isoP to BMI expressed by the ratio of F2-isoP to BMI. The present analysis utilizes data from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS), a multicenter prospective cohort designed to study the relationships between insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk factors and behaviors in a diverse population including non-Hispanic whites, African Americans, and Hispanics. Between October 1992 and April 1994 approximately 1625 participants, between 40-69 years of age at baseline, were recruited from four U.S. clinical centers located in San Antonio, TX; San Luis Valley, CO; Oakland, CA; Los Angeles, CA. Wilcoxon-rank sum/ Kruskal-Wallis tests and Wald-chi-square test were used to describe the study population. Logistic regression models were used assess the relationships between the exposures of interest as well as age, gender, race/ethnicity, glucose tolerance status. The additive model estimated the association between F2-isoP and the risk of T2DM with BMI being a covariate. The multiplicative model estimated the association between F2-isoP/BMI ratio, F2-isoP and the risk of T2DM. Percent differences of odds ratios were calculated between the two models, with >10% difference indicating meaningful change. The results from the analysis show that the new variable F2-isoP/BMI ratio does not clearly indicate whether the multiplicative model represents a better way to evaluate the relationships between F2-isoP, BMI and risk for T2DM. Evaluation of the additive and multiplicative models for outcomes—such as weight change, decrease in insulin resistance, blood pressure and others—might clarify whether the additive or multiplicative relationships, between F2-isoP and BMI, better predict these outcomes.
The Prevalence of Chronic Disease Risk Behaviors and Their Association with Hypertension in Racial/Ethnic Minorities: an Examination of NHANES Data 2015-2016
Creators: name: Farinu, Oluyemi
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: INTRODUCTION: Insufficient physical activity, poor diet, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption are each associated with the prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension. However, the clustering or co-occurrence of these chronic disease risk behaviors with the prevalence of hypertension among different racial/ethnic groups has not been fully investigated. Understanding the significance of this relationship is essential for efforts in prevention, as well as the alleviation of disparities in hypertension.
AIM: To examine racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between clustered chronic disease risk behaviors and hypertension.
METHODS: Data was obtained from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Only participants that identified as Hispanic American, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White who were ?21 years old were eligible. Odds ratios from univariate and multivariate logistic regression were applied to the data to measure the association between risk behaviors and hypertension.
RESULTS: Pearson chi-squared test showed non-Hispanic Blacks had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (62.9%) than Hispanic Americans (53.6%) and Non-Hispanic Whites (53.7%; P< .001). In those with hypertension, a large proportion (40.2%) presented two risk behaviors; the most frequent combination being lack of sufficient physical activity and poor diet (41.2%). After adjusting for age, poverty income ratio, education, and body mass index; increase in the number of risk behaviors presented an association with increased odds of having hypertension in all racial/ethnic groups. Hispanic Americans were found to have significantly higher odds for having hypertension with an increased number of risk behaviors (1, 2 and 3 risk behaviors). Also, non-Hispanic Blacks were found to have a considerably higher risk for hypertension with increased age and body mass index. With the exception for Non-Hispanic Whites, increased poverty income ratio was associated with decreased odds for having hypertension.
DISCUSSION: The findings of this study confirm a positive relationship between multiple risk behaviors and increased odds of having hypertension. Interventions should focus on the prevention of co-occurring risk behaviors and the promotion of healthy lifestyle choices; specifically, in non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanic Americans to decrease racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension. In addition, to address the context in which these risk behaviors occur, efforts should incorporate social and behavioral change theories and frameworks.
Masculine Discrepancy Stress and Health Behavior Outcomes
Creators: name: Jacobs, Genna
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: INTRODUCTION: Research suggests men feel a high demand to uphold masculine gender norms and masculine discrepancy stress (MDS), is the strain a man feels when he believes he is or thinks he is perceived to be inadequately masculine.It is reasonable to suspect men with MDS would be more likely to act in the stereotypical masculine ways, to confirm masculinity and avoid social repercussions.
AIMs:
(a) Examine if the latent constructs demonstrate significant and moderately large correlations reflecting an underlying psychosocial adjustment factor.
(b)Assess if utilizing structural equation modeling methods, in place of univariate methods, demonstrate significant correlations between MDS, GRD, and the superordinate factor psychosocial adjustment.
(c)Assess if utilizing MDS as a mediator rather than a moderator in a structural equation model demonstrate a significant positive direct effect on psychosocial adjustment, while demonstrating a negative direct effect on psychosocial maladjustment.
METHODS:
A three phased plan was conducted; (a) assessing measurement models, (b) assessing the measurement model for the superordinate factor psychosocial adjustment, (c) and assessing a full model. The fit of the measurement models will determine which full model will be examined, the superordinate factor model or a model that does not include superordinate factor, which allows for all outcomes to be regressed independently on each predictor.
RESULTS:
No statistically significant results were found.
DISCUSSION:
Possible explanations for results are; misrepresentation of the latent, absence of statistical methodologies needed to assess the latent variables, deficiency in necessary power to detect effects, and measuring GRD and MDS independently of each other does not predispose one to experience maladaptive behavior. Thusly, indicating that future research should focus on a model that utilizes MDS as a mediator and a moderator.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Poor Oral Health Outcomes among US Adults
Creators: name: Patel, Apexa
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: INTRODUCTION: Oral health disparities remain a significant public health issue for US adults: 47.2% of US adults suffer from some form of periodontal diseases and 9% US adults have advanced periodontal disease. Unfortunately, not much is known about the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with these poor oral health outcomes. This study aims to estimate the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors and poor oral health outcomes among US adults.
METHODS: Data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in the analysis for the participants aged 30 years and older (n=4813). All analyses were done in SAS 9.4 and weighted due to complex survey sampling methods. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and poor oral health outcomes.
 RESULTS: This study found that the survey participants ages 30-44 years and participants from low socioeconomic status had decreased association for periodontal diseases. Furthermore, participants who aged 65 years and older and who were from Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity had increased association for periodontal diseases. Limited access to dental care also had increased association for the advanced periodontal disease.
Conclusion:To develop future interventions that can address oral health disparities, further research is needed that examines the sociodemographic and clinical factors impacting poor oral health outcomes.
A comparison of four methods of endotracheal tube passage in simulated airways ‐ Is there room for improved techniques?
Creators: name: Kingma, Kirsten
name: Hofmeyr, Ross
name: Zeng, Irene
name: Coomarasamy, Christin
name: Brainard, Andrew
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Background / Aims

Passage of an endotracheal tube (ETT) into the trachea is an essential portion of airway management. Four different methods aid ETT are frequently advocated: a ‘naked’ ETT without adjuncts, a preformed stylet inside an ETT, a bougie followed by a railroaded ETT, and an ETT with preloaded bougie. There is currently minimal evidence to support which method is best for first pass success rate (FPS).

We aimed to demonstrate which method has the highest FPS and shortest time to endotracheal intubations.

Conclusions

The continued use of a naked ETT for intubation in the difficult airway is not recommended. Intubation was most rapid using a stylet or preloaded bougie. This study shows that endotracheal intubation with adjuncts such as a stylet or a bougie is both superior in achieving FPS and faster in a difficult airway model.
Co-Morbid Conditions and Driving Status Among Older Low-Income African Americans.
Creators: name: Dubbaka, Pranusha
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: Introduction: Driving is an important instrumental activity of daily living, which allows older adults to access healthcare resources and manage their daily necessities. However, older adults belonging to low-income racial minorities, particularly women, make up a large proportion of never-driver seniors and are higher utilizers of alternative modes of transportation1,2. Our study is a comparative analysis of co-morbid health conditions among older drivers and non-drivers, matched by age and gender, receiving care at a safety-net hospital in Atlanta to assess utilization of health care resources and chronic disease burden between the two groups. Methods: We conducted a chart review of patients age 65 or older receiving care at the Emma Darnell Geriatric Center at Grady Hospital during 2/1/2016-2/1/2017. Data obtained by chart review of Epic electronic medical record (EMR) included demographics, insurance information, functional data sheet (which included data on activities of daily living, self-reported use of assistive device, self-reported hearing and vision impairment, self-reported driving status), number of Geriatrics Clinic visits in a year and associated visit diagnoses. The Katz and Lawton Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scales were modified based on available data, to calculate ADL scores. Results: A total of 690 patient charts were included in the analysis, 23% of whom reported being drivers. Mean age was 76 and 80 respectively in driver and non-driver group, with over 94% identifying themselves as African Americans and over 67% being women in both the groups. Functional dependency measured by mean modified Katz and Lawton ADL scores and self-reported use of assistive devices was higher in non-drivers compared to drivers. There was a higher prevalence of self-reported sensory impairment and diagnoses of cognitive impairment in 22 the non-drivers group, but the prevalence of other chronic diseases as measured by visit diagnoses didn’t differ between the two groups. Utilization of care, measured by the mean number of visits to Geriatrics Primary Care Clinic in a year, did not differ among drivers (1.2 mean visits per year) and non-drivers (1.3 mean visits per year) and didn’t improve for individuals enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan. Conclusion: Approximately 23% of older adults getting care at a safety-net hospital in Atlanta drive a motor vehicle. Utilization of heath care resources, as measured by the number of geriatrics clinic visits per year, was generally low, and did not differ based on driving status.
Gonorrhea Screening Among U.S.-bound Immigrants and Refugees, 2018
Creators: name: Butler, Kiara
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: INTRODUCTION: Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported notifiable disease in the United States, with approximately 820,000 cases reported in the U.S each year. Since 2009, the rate of reported gonorrhea has increased in the U.S. population among non-foreign born persons. All immigrants and refugees applying for U.S. residency are required to undergo an overseas medical exam that requires screening for various conditions, including gonorrhea. CDC provides the guidelines for medical exam performed by panel physicians overseas.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of gonorrhea in U.S.- bound immigrants and refugees and to evaluate compliance with CDC’s Technical Instructions for Gonorrhea for Panel Physicians. Recommendations may be made to help inform any programmatic approaches in addressing STI screening and treatment for U.S.- bound immigrants and refugees. 
METHODS: We used data from the CDC’s Electronic Disease Notification (EDN) System. The study population includes all immigrants and refugees that arrived in the U.S. during 2018 that were screened by overseas panel physicians. All immigrants and refugees included in this analysis are ?15 years old. The proportion of gonorrhea screening tests, positive test results, gonorrhea treatment, and proportion of gonorrhea screening among U.S. panel physician exam sites were calculated.
RESULTS: A total of 37,179 U.S. - bound immigrants and refugees were entered into CDC’s EDN database in 2018. 27,284 (73%) were screened for gonorrhea. 25,799 (94%) of those who reported having a gonorrhea test were screened using a NAAT or PCR test. Among those screened, 163 (0.6%) tested positive for gonorrhea. Thirty-two (20%) of these positive cases were not documented as treated according to CDC’s Technical Instructions and STD Treatment Guidelines. 
DISCUSSION: Preliminary results of this analysis indicate that there is overall compliance with the current Technical Instructions for Gonorrhea. However, because the data were limited to only those entered into CDC’s EDN database the results of this analysis are not representative of all U.S. - bound immigrants. This analysis may provide a preliminary justification for reassessing recommendations outlines by CDC’s Technical Instructions; however, additional years of data collection and investigation will be required before any programmatic decisions can be made.
An Evaluation Study Examining the Understandability of STI/HIV Health Education Print Materials Provided by Health Clinics Serving Hispanic and Latino Populations of DeKalb County, Georgia
Creators: name: Butler, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: 
The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Hispanic and Latino populations in the United States is on the rise. In 2015, 26% of all HIV diagnoses in the United States were among Hispanic and Latinos.  To effectively combat the prevalence of HIV in this population, it is necessary to examine the efficacy and accessibility of current interventions. Printed educational materials (i.e. pamphlets, brochures, and fact sheets) are low-cost and effective intervention strategies if the material is clear to the reader. This study aims to provide further evidence of the understandability of printed educational resources on safe sex practices and HIV in health clinics
Factors Contributing to Condom Failure
Creators: name: Swiniarski, Jessica
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2019

description: Introduction There are many personal and behavioral factors that can decrease the effectiveness of condoms, even when one is used every time. Clinical condom failure (the condom breaking, tearing, or completely slipping off the penis) contributes to less than perfect effectiveness rates and can be at least partially attributed to these personal and behavioral factors. Although specific use and storage behaviors can be reasons for a condom to break or slip, there are often other factors at play. Negative perceptions of condoms, self-efficacy when using condoms, type of sex act, and history of STI’s can all impact clinical failure rates.
Objective The purpose of this study was to assess four major factors: negative perceptions of condoms, self-efficacy, history of STI’s, and type of sex act, and their relationship to condom breakage and slippage in a sample of 381 condom users in Atlanta, GA.
Methods Data were drawn from the baseline survey of the C-PLEASURE Study. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between each independent variable and the two outcome variables: experiencing condom breakage in the last 6 months and experiencing condom slippage in the last 6 months. Then two logistic regression models, one for experience of any condom breaks in the last six months and one for experience of any condom slips in the last six months, were used to further determine these relationships.
Results The only significant relationship that was found was between negative perceptions of condoms and condom slips (AOR=1.08 95% CI= [1.02, 1.14], p=0.01). History of STI’s, type of sex act, lubricant use, lubricant type, consistent condom use, and self-efficacy did not return any significant relationships with experience of condom breaks or slips in the last 6 months, although self-efficacy did approach a significant relationship with condom slips (p=.07).
Conclusions Since negative perceptions are correlated with condom failure, attitudes and perceptions of condoms need to be addressed for greater efficacy. Further studies on self-efficacy and condom failure should be pursued to determine how strong the protective qualities of self-efficacy can be when it comes to effective use of condoms and prevention of condom failure.