cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: London Clearing Banking 1946-79: stability and compliance and its regulatory, competition and institutional underpinnings
Creators: name: Arch, Linda
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2018

description: The period from 1946 until the early 1970s was a period of stability in banking in the UK and one in which there was a high degree ofcompliance with regulation. It stands in contrast to the period since the 1970s, which has been more prone to banking crises, most notably the global financial crisis of 2007-9. This research seeks better to understand and account for stability and compliance in banking by describing, exploring and explaining the regulatory, competition and institutional frameworks within which clearing banking operated in the period 1946-79. Initially, the thesis explores the regulatory framework for banks by setting out a detailed and systematic analysis ofthe forms and techniques of bank regulation. An analysis of this type does not exist in the literature. The thesis then evaluates the degree of concentration and competition in clearing banking. It questions aspects of the dominant view in the literature which sees stability as a consequence of a concentrated clearing banking system in which there was very limited competition. The third framework supporting stability and compliance in the banking system was the institutional framework. The institutional framework can be viewed as a set of constraints which had a normative dimension. It explores these constraints and demonstrates how they worked as counterweights to excessive risk-taking by banks. By the 1970s, the banking system was becoming less stable as these frameworks disintegrated or were dismantled, and in December 1973 a crisis of the secondary banks broke. Finally, drawing on a historical understanding of bank regulation in the period 1946-79 and a comparison with contemporary bank regulation, some guiding principles are suggested for regulatory policymakers and practitioners today. The methodology of the research is historical, based upon the analysis and evaluation of a broad range of published and unpublished records.
A Comparison of Approaches to Mitigate Hypothetical Bias
Creators: name: Champ, Patricia A.
name: Moore, Rebecca
name: Bishop, Richard C.
name: Champ, Patricia A.
name: Moore, Rebecca
name: Bishop, Richard C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: contingent valuation
subject: hypothetical bias
subject: follow-up certainty
subject: cheap talk
subject: nonmarket valuation

description: We compare two approaches to mitigating hypothetical bias. The study design includes three treatments: an actual payment treatment, a contingent valuation (CV) treatment with a follow-up certainty question, and a CV treatment with a cheap talk script. Our results suggest that both the follow-up certainty treatment and the cheap talk treatment produce willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates consistent with the actual payment treatment. However, the follow-up certainty treatment provides response distributions at all offer amounts that are statistically similar to the actual payment treatment, while the cheap talk treatment provides similar responses only at some offer amounts. Furthermore, the cheap talk treatment is effective only for inexperienced individuals. We conclude that the follow-up certainty approach is more consistent than the cheap talk approach for eliminating hypothetical bias.
Analysis of Adoption of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes: The Case Study of Gaza Province in Mozambique.
Creators: name: Mazuze, Feliciano M.
name: Mazuze, Feliciano M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: Mozambique
subject: sweet potato

description: In Mozambique, the majority of the population relies on subsistence agriculture. Thus, the low levels of production and productivity, in conjunction with the relatively high population growth rate, have contributed substantially to a high unemployment rate, extensive poverty, and widespread VAD–especially among children and pregnant and lactating women. In early 2000, Mozambique experienced a severe flood that devastated cultivated land throughout the southern and central provinces of Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica and Sofala. Soon after the floods subsided, the government launched a program to multiply and distribute OFSVs. The program, which targeted the flood-affected rural people, was aimed at mitigating hunger and food insecurity, and reducing VAD. In addition, SARRNET, in close collaboration with its partners, conducted training activities to teach farmers about improved sweet potato agronomic practices, the crop’s nutritional value and agro-processing techniques for sweet potato; developed teaching materials on nutritional concepts for the primary school curriculum; and sponsored field days/demonstration activities at which food products made out of the roots of OFSVs were displayed. Several studies have highlighted the importance of B-carotene as the predominant source of pro-Vitamin A in preventing VAD in developing countries. However, the bioavailability (conversion of B-carotene into Vitamin A and effective utilization of this Vitamin A by humans) is conditioned by a complex set of factors, including the type and amount of carotenoid in a meal, the matrix in which the carotenoid is incorporated, the presence of absorption and conversion modifiers, the health status of the target population, and the presence of other micronutrients. Studies aimed at assessing the impact of food-based interventions in developing countries revealed different results from country-to-country. Furthermore, the seasonal availability of enriched sources of B-carotene, the low bioavailability and conversion of B-carotene into Vitamin A, and the prevalence of infectious diseases hamper the efficacy of food-based initiatives to mitigate VAD in developing countries.
description: Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique Directorate of Training, Documentation, and Technology Transfer
Metal Abundances of KISS Galaxies III. Nebular Abundances for Fourteen Galaxies and the Luminosity-Metallicity Relationship for HII Galaxies
Creators: name: Lee, Janice C.
name: Salzer, John J.
name: Melbourne, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results from the third in a series of nebular abundance studies of emission-line galaxies from the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS). Galaxies with coarse metallicity estimates of 12 + log(O/H) less than 8.2 dex were selected for observation. Spectra of 14 galaxies, which cover the full optical region from [OII]3727,3729 to beyond [SII]6717,6731, are presented, and abundance ratios of N, O, Ne, S, and Ar are computed. The auroral [OIII]4363 line is detected in all 14 galaxies. Oxygen abundances determined through the direct electron temperature T_e method confirm that the sample is metal-poor with 7.61 <= 12 + log(O/H) <= 8.32. By using these abundances in conjunction with other T_e-based measurements from the literature, we demonstrate that HII galaxies and more quiescent dwarf irregular galaxies follow similar metallicity-luminosity (L-Z) relationships. The primary difference is a zero-point shift between the correlations such that HII galaxies are brighter by an average of 0.8 B magnitudes at a given metallicity. This offset can be used as evidence to argue that low-luminosity HII galaxies typically undergo factor of two luminosity enhancements, and starbursts that elevate the luminosities of their host galaxies by 2 to 3 magnitudes are not as common. We also demonstrate that the inclusion of interacting galaxies can increase the scatter in the L-Z relation and may force the observed correlation towards lower metallicities and/or larger luminosities. This must be taken into account when attempting to infer metal abundance evolution by comparing local L-Z relations with ones based on higher redshift samples since the fraction of interacting galaxies should increase with look-back time.
description: 36 pages, 5 figures. ApJ, in press
One-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Dirac system with extended $s$-wave superconductivity: Majorana modes and Josephson effects
Creators: name: Udupa, Adithi
name: Banerjee, Abhishek
name: Sengupta, K.
name: Sen, Diptiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the spin-momentum locking of electrons at the boundaries of topological insulators, we study a one-dimensional system of spin-orbit coupled massless Dirac electrons with $s$-wave superconducting pairing. As a result of the spin-orbit coupling, our model has only two kinds of linearly dispersing modes, which we take to be right-moving spin-up and left-moving spin-down. Both lattice and continuum models are studied. In the lattice model, we find that a single Majorana zero energy mode appears at each end of a finite system provided that the $s$-wave pairing has an extended form, with the nearest-neighbor pairing being larger than the on-site pairing. We confirm this both numerically and analytically by calculating the winding number. Next we study a lattice version of a model with both Schrödinger and Dirac-like terms and find that the model hosts a topological transition between topologically trivial and non-trivial phases depending on the relative strength of the Schrödinger and Dirac terms. We then study a continuum system consisting of two $s$-wave superconductors with different phases of the pairing. Remarkably, we find that the system has a {\it single} Andreev bound state which is localized at the junction. When the pairing phase difference crosses a multiple of $2 π$, an Andreev bound state touches the top of the superconducting gap and disappears, and a different state appears from the bottom of the gap. We also study the AC Josephson effect in such a junction with a voltage bias that has both a constant $V_0$ and a term which oscillates with a frequency $ω$. We find that, in contrast to standard Josephson junctions, Shapiro plateaus appear when the Josephson frequency $ω_J= 2eV_0/\hbar$ is a rational fraction of $ω$. We discuss experiments which can realize such junctions.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures; made some significant changes, added a figure and several references
High-dimensional sphere packing and the modular bootstrap
Creators: name: Afkhami-Jeddi, Nima
name: Cohn, Henry
name: Hartman, Thomas
name: de Laat, David
name: Tajdini, Amirhossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We carry out a numerical study of the spinless modular bootstrap for conformal field theories with current algebra $U(1)^c \times U(1)^c$, or equivalently the linear programming bound for sphere packing in $2c$ dimensions. We give a more detailed picture of the behavior for finite $c$ than was previously available, and we extrapolate as $c \to \infty$. Our extrapolation indicates an exponential improvement for sphere packing density bounds in high dimensions. Furthermore, we study when these bounds can be tight. Besides the known cases $c=1/2$, $4$, and $12$ and the conjectured case $c=1$, our calculations numerically rule out sharp bounds for all other $c<90$, by combining the modular bootstrap with linear programming bounds for spherical codes.
description: 48 pages, 19 figures
An ErbB4 regulating novel acid phosphatase implicated in neuronal development
Creators: name: Fleisig, Helen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Maintaining homeostasis or responding to cellular stimuli requires an intricate network of proteins that are capable of communicating and working in concert. Kinases and phosphatases are key participants in this network. Most frequently functioning as "on" and "off switches for signaling cascades, they are regulators of physiological processes that determine the phosphorylation state of receptors, phospholipids, metabolites and other proteins. Histidine acid phosphatases comprise a family of enzymes that achieve optimal catalytic activity at an acidic pH, in vitro. They include prostatic (PAP), lysosomal and lysophosphatidic acid phosphatases. In this study, a novel histidine acid phosphatase (ACPT), that is highly homologous to PAP, was cloned and characterized. RT-PCR studies indicated that ACPT has a wide tissue distribution and within the brain, it is highly expressed in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum, as indicated by antibodies generated specifically against ACPT. This distribution pattern is notably different from PAP in that it is present in the brain, whereas PAP is absent. ACPT was found to be enriched at post-synaptic sites and immunocytochemical studies of hippocampal neurons revealed coexpression of the enzyme with synaptic proteins. Recently, PAP has been shown to regulate the function of ErbB2, a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Using immunoprecipitation studies, it was found that ACPT associates with ErbB4, a member of the EGF receptor family that is enriched in the brain. It was also demonstrated that this interaction results in regulation of ErbB4 function when ACPT acts as a tyrosine phosphatase ' and consequently influences receptor cleavage. The differentiation of PC 12 cells induced by ErbB4 activation can be prevented by the expression of ACPT. Although this neurite outgrowth is mediated by the same MAP kinase pathway which is responsible for nerve growth factor (NGF) induced-trk-dependent differentiation, the phosphatase regulation is ErbB4 specific. Therefore, ACPT may participate in neuronal differentiation through its regulation of the ErbB4 receptor.
Micronutrient Malnutrition, Obesity, and Chronic Disease in Countries Undergoing the Nutrition Transition: Potential Links and Program/Policy Implications
Creators: name: Eckhardt, Cara L.
name: Eckhardt, Cara L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: diet quality
subject: micronutrient malnutrition
subject: obesity
subject: chronic disease
subject: cancer
subject: adults
subject: children

description: Background: The nutrition transition occurring in many developing countries may invite the misconception that diets are moving entirely away from undernutrition toward problems of excess. But despite the sufficiency of energy in these countries, diet quality is poor and micronutrient deficiencies often remain. In this context, micronutrient deficiencies may actually contribute to the development and severity of diet-related chronic diseases. Objectives: This paper discusses the potential long-term effects of micronutrient malnutrition in early childhood on obesity and related disease outcomes. The links between early micronutrient malnutrition, stunting, and subsequent short adult stature— emerging risk factors for obesity and associated chronic diseases—are reviewed. This paper also explores recent literature linking micronutrient malnutrition in adults to increased risk and severity of chronic disease. Finally, this paper discusses the program and policy implications of these relationships. Methods: Literature searches on the topics of interest were conducted in Medline. This paper is not the result of a systematic literature review, but rather discusses relevant literature to bring attention to links between under- and over-nutrition that have not been widely considered. Conclusions: In children, micronutrient malnutrition is a cause of stunting and may be accompanied by metabolic adaptations that increase the risk of later obesity and related disease. In adults, deficiencies in key micronutrients may promote oxidative stress, folate deficiency may increase risk for heart disease, and zinc deficiency may be exacerbated in the presence of diabetes while also affecting glucose transport. Low fruit and vegetable consumption may additionally increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer through a variety of mechanisms. The importance of supporting programs and policies that address the spectrum of malnutrition, including micronutrient malnutrition and emerging obesity together, is stressed.
The Max Planck Institute for Chemistry mechanical extract ventilation (MPIC-MEV) system against aerosol transmission of COVID-19
Creators: name: Klimach, Thomas
name: Helleis, Frank
name: McLeod, Robert S.
name: Hopfe, Christina J.
name: Pöschl, Uli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: MEV
COVID19
airborne transmission
ventilation

description: Extensive experimental studies, measurement data, numerical calculations, and practical experience show that window ventilation supported by exhaust fans (i.e. mechanical extract ventilation) is a simple and highly effective measure to increase air quality in classrooms. This approach can be used against the aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Helleis et al. 2021a; Lelieveld et al. 2020; Morawska et al. 2021). Mechanical extract ventilation (MEV) is very well suited not only for combating the COVID19 pandemic but also for sustainably ventilating schools in an energy-saving, resource-efficient, and climate-friendly manner (Helleis et al. 2021a, 2021b; Klimach and Helleis 2021) (www.ventilationmainz.de). The ventilation concept presented here is part of a multi-layered risk reduction strategy. As such it is not intended to replace, but rather to complement, other preventive public health measures - including vaccinations, masks and social distancing (Bodenschatz 2021; Cheng et al. 2021; Drewnick et al. 2021; Moriske et al. 2021; Pöschl and Witt 2021). After the Covid-19 pandemic, MEV can still be used to maintain high levels of indoor air quality (IAQ) in classrooms, especially in poorly ventilated spaces, lowering the risks from harmful indoor pollutants (McLeod et al. 2021) as well as helping to reduce the spread of seasonal viruses such as colds and flu. 2 Distributed extract ducts or hoods can be flexibly reused, removed and stored, or combined with other devices (e.g. CO2 sensors), which is easy due to the modular concept and low- cost materials.
Current noise spectrum of a quantum shuttle
Creators: name: Flindt, Christian
name: Novotny, Tomas
name: Jauho, Antti-Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for calculating the full current noise spectrum for the class of nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) that can be described by a Markovian generalized master equation. As a specific example we apply the method to a quantum shuttle. The noise spectrum of the shuttle has peaks at integer multiples of the mechanical frequency, which is slightly renormalized. The renormalization explains a previously observed small deviation of the shuttle current compared to the expected value given by the product of the natural mechanical frequency and the electron charge. For a certain parameter range the quantum shuttle exhibits a coexistence regime, where the charges are transported by two different mechanisms: shuttling and sequential tunneling. In our previous studies we showed that characteristic features in the zero-frequency noise could be quantitatively understood as a slow switching process between the two current channels, and the present study shows that this interpretation holds also qualitatively at finite frequency.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Contribution to FQMT04, Prague, July, 2004
BOSHLANG'ICH SINF ONA TILI DARSLARINI O'QIB TUSHUNISH METODIKASI
Creators: name: Navoiy shaharda 7- maktab boshlang'ich sinf o'qituvchisi-  Sharopova Dilnoza Asqadovna Ilmiy rahbar: f.f.d.(DSc),prof.Ernazarova Manzura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinflarda o‘tiladigan yangi avlod darsliklari bo‘lgan ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi fanining ahamiyati va holati haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Boshlang’ich sinf ona tili darslarining asosiy vazifasi o’quvchilarni o’quv bilim faoliyatiga tayyorlash, boshqalar bilan muloqatga kirisha oladigan qilib tarbiyalashdan iborat.

 Kalit so‘z: ona tili, o‘qish savodxonligi, fan, boshlang‘ich sinf, savodxonlik, dars samaradorligi.
title: Öffnung - Schließung - Übertritte
title: Körperbilder in der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 430
subject: Deutsch
subject: Literatur
subject: Körper

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
A Global Hunger Index: Measurement Concept, Ranking of Countries, and Trends
Creators: name: Wiesmann, Doris M.
name: Wiesmann, Doris M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: hunger
subject: undernutrition
subject: child malnutrition
subject: child mortality
subject: food availability
subject: indicators
subject: HIV/AIDS
subject: conflict
subject: war
subject: developing countries
subject: countries in transition

description: Progress in combating hunger and undernutrition has been lagging for decades. Best practices to fight hunger and undernutrition have been available for a long while, but lack of political will among leaders and a lack of political power among the poor have hampered their implementation. Since indices have proven to be powerful tools for advocacy and are able to capture multifaceted phenomena, the Global Hunger Index (GHI) was developed to increase attention to the hunger problem and mobilize the political will to speed up urgently needed progress in the fight against hunger. The GHI captures three dimensions of hunger: insufficient availability of food, shortfalls in the nutritional status of children, and child mortality, which is to a large extent attributable to undernutrition. Accordingly, the index includes three equally weighted indicators: the proportion of people who are food energy deficient as estimated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the prevalence of underweight in children under the age of five as compiled by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the under-five mortality rate as reported by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). The GHI has been calculated for 1981, 1992, 1997, and, most recently, for 2003. The latest round ranks 97 developing countries and 22 countries in transition. Nine out of the 12 worst-ranking countries were engaged in wars between 1989 and 2003. The hot spots of hunger and undernutrition are in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. While favorable trends prevailed in South Asia and Southeast Asia during the past two decades, progress has been sluggish in Sub-Saharan Africa. To identify those countries that do notably better or worse with regard to hunger and undernutrition than would be expected from their Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, a regression analysis of the GHI on GNI per capita is run. Controlling for the variation in GNI per capita, the GHI is 22 percent higher in war countries than in non-war countries, which is attributable to a higher proportion of people who are food energy deficient and a higher prevalence of underweight children. Likewise, in countries with an HIV prevalence greater than 10 percent, the GHI is 23 percent higher than in countries with lower prevalence rates, which can be traced back to a higher proportion of the population being food energy deficient and to a higher under-five mortality rate.
Computational Framework for Behind-The-Meter DER Techno-Economic Modeling and Optimization -- REopt Lite
Creators: name: Mishra, Sakshi
name: Pohl, Josiah
name: Laws, Nick
name: Cutler, Dylan
name: Kwasnik, Ted
name: Becker, William
name: Zolan, Alex
name: Anderson, Kate
name: Olis, Dan
name: Elgqvist, Emma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The global energy system is undergoing a major transformation. Renewable energy generation is growing and is projected to accelerate further with the global emphasis on decarbonization. Furthermore, distributed generation is projected to play a significant role in the new energy system, and energy models are playing a key role in understanding how distributed generation can be integrated reliably and economically. The deployment of massive amounts of distributed generation requires understanding the interface of technology, economics, and policy in the energy modeling process. In this work, we present an end-to-end computational framework for distributed energy resource (DER) modeling, REopt Lite which addresses this need effectively. We describe the problem space, the building blocks of the model, the scaling capabilities of the design, the optimization formulation, and the accessibility of the model. We present a framework for accelerating the techno-economic analysis of behind-the-meter distributed energy resources to enable rapid planning and decision-making, thereby significantly boosting the rate the renewable energy deployment. Lastly, but equally importantly, this computation framework is open-sourced to facilitate transparency, flexibility, and wider collaboration opportunities within the worldwide energy modeling community.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, under journal review
On Some Accelerating Cosmological Kaluza-Klein Models
Creators: name: Djordjevic, Goran S.
name: Nesic, Ljubisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider (4+D)-dimensional Kaluza-Klein cosmological model with two scaling factors, as real, p-adic and adelic quantum mechanical one. One of the scaling factors corresponds to the D-dimensional internal space, and second one to the 4-dimensional universe. In standard quantum cosmology, i.e. over the field of real numbers R, it leads to dynamical compactification of additional dimensions and to the accelerating evolution of 4-dimensional universe. We construct corresponding $p$-adic quantum model and explore existence of its p-adic ground state. In addition, we explore evolution of this model and a possibility for its adelic generalization. It is necessary for the further investigation of space-time discreteness at very short distances, i.e. in a very early universe
description: 12 pages
title: Measuring fault resilience in neural networks
Creators: name: Ausonio, Joel Tobias
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2018

description: In an extension to research into modeling a biological network of neurons this expands the basic characteristics of an Artiﬁcial Neural Network (ANN)computational model to measure functional compensation exhibited by a biological neural network during damage or loss of structure. Whilst current research has highlighted the availability of various technologies and methods relevant to this area of study, none provide a suﬃcient description as to how fault tolerance is measured nor how damage is evaluated. Such metrics must be consistent, reproducible, and applicable to a plethora of neural network architectures and techniques. Furthermore, measuring fault resilience of biologically inspired ANN architectures provides insight into how biological networks are able to exhibit this amazing ability. This research brings together previous works into a comprehensive damage resilient ANN framework as well as, and more importantly, provides consistent measurement of fault tolerance within this framework. The proposed set of fault resilience metrics provides the means to evaluate the eﬃcacy of networks which are subjectable to damage. These metrics and their source algorithms rely on the modiﬁcation of various statistical methods and observations currently used for network training optimization.
Gender, Labor, and Prime-Age Adult Mortality: Evidence from South Africa
Creators: name: Yamauchi, Futoshi
name: Buthelezi, Thabani
name: Velia, Myriam
name: Yamauchi, Futoshi
name: Buthelezi, Thabani
name: Velia, Myriam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: prime-age adult mortality
subject: schooling
subject: labor supply
subject: gender
subject: South Africa

description: This paper examines the impact of prime-age adult mortality on the transition from school to the labor market of adolescents and on decisions by female adults to participate in the labor force in South Africa. The analysis focuses on that period— 1998–2004—when South Africa experienced excess mortality due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. We find, first, that deaths of prime-age adults significantly increase both male and female adolescents’ labor force participation because they stop their schooling in order to help support their families. Female school enrollment may also decrease because girls are required to stay at home to take care of the sick. Therefore, the total negative impact on schooling is larger among female adolescents than among male adolescents. Second, we find that female adults tend to join the labor force following the death of prime-age adult males. This change could cause a decrease in the time they spend on housework and child rearing. Combined, these findings imply that excess mortality of prime-age adults disrupts human capital formation.
The Penrose inequality and apparent horizons
Creators: name: Ben-Dov, Ishai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spherically symmetric spacetime is presented with an initial data set that is asymptotically flat, satisfies the dominant energy condition, and such that on this initial data $M
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, revised for publication; revised section 6, added footnote no. 16, typos corrected
Swing surfaces and holographic entanglement beyond AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Apolo, Luis
name: Jiang, Hongliang
name: Song, Wei
name: Zhong, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a holographic entanglement entropy prescription for general states and regions in two models of holography beyond AdS/CFT known as flat$_3$/BMSFT and (W)AdS$_3$/WCFT. Flat$_3$/BMSFT is a candidate of holography for asymptotically flat three-dimensional spacetimes, while (W)AdS$_3$/WCFT is relevant in the study of black holes in the real world. In particular, the boundary theories are examples of quantum field theories that feature an infinite dimensional symmetry group but break Lorentz invariance. Our holographic entanglement entropy proposal is given by the area of a swing surface that consists of ropes, which are null geodesics emanating from the entangling surface at the boundary, and a bench, which is a spacelike geodesic connecting the ropes. The proposal is supported by an extension of the Lewkowycz-Maldacena argument, reproduces previous results based on the Rindler method, and satisfies the first law of entanglement entropy.
description: 45 pages, 4 figures; v2: corrected typos and added comments on strong subadditivity, matches published version
Poverty Comparisons with Absolute Poverty Lines Estimated from Survey Data
Creators: name: Simler, Kenneth R.
name: Arndt, Channing
name: Simler, Kenneth R.
name: Arndt, Channing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: poverty measurement
subject: bootstrap
subject: Mozambique

description: The objective of measuring poverty is usually to make comparisons over time or between two or more groups. Common statistical inference methods are used to determine whether an apparent difference in measured poverty is statistically significant. Studies of relative poverty have long recognized that when the poverty line is calculated from sample survey data, both the variance of the poverty line and the variance of the welfare metric contribute to the variance of the poverty estimate. In contrast, studies using absolute poverty lines have ignored the poverty line variance, even when the poverty lines are estimated from sample survey data. Including the poverty line variance could either reduce or increase the precision of poverty estimates, depending on the specific characteristics of the data. This paper presents a general procedure for estimating the standard error of poverty measures when the poverty line is estimated from survey data. Based on bootstrap methods, the approach can be used for a wide range of poverty measures and methods for estimating poverty lines. The method is applied to recent household survey data from Mozambique. When the sampling variance of the poverty line is taken into account, the estimated standard errors of Foster-Greer- Thorbecke and Watts poverty measures increase by 15 to 30 percent at the national level, with considerable variability at lower levels of aggregation.
IBRATLI RIVOYATLAR KONSEPTUAL MAYDONINI SHAKLLANTIRUVCHI  LINGVISTIK VA EKSTRALINGVISTIK OMILLAR
Creators: name: Xoldorova Nozima Axmadjon kizi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu tezisda ibratli rivoyatlar konseptual maydonini shakllantiruvchi omillar va ularning turlari haqida soz boradi.

Kalit sozlar: lingvokulturologiya, konsept, konseptual maydon, semantik maydon, paradigma
EDUCATING PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON NATIONAL VALUES
Creators: name: Ergasheva, G.M.
name: Toshova, Shokhsanam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this article, opinions are expressed about the importance and positive features of educating students and young people with the help of national values in the course of primary education. The role of national values in the educational process will also be discussed.
Second order quantum renormalisation group of XXZ chain with next nearest neighbour interactions
Creators: name: Jafari, R.
name: Langari, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have extended the application of quantum renormalisation group (QRG) to the anisotropic Heisenberg model with next-nearest neighbour (n-n-n) interaction. The second order correction has to be taken into account to get a self similar renormalized Hamiltonian in the presence of n-n-n-interaction. We have obtained the phase diagram of this model which consists of three different phases, i.e, spin-fluid, dimerised and Ne'el types which merge at the tri-critical point. The anisotropy of the n-n-n-term changes the phase diagram significantly. It has a dominant role in the Ne'el-dimer phase boundary. The staggered magnetisation as an order parameter defines the border between fluid-Ne'el and Ne'el-dimer phases. The improvement of the second order RG corrections on the ground state energy of the Heisenberg model is presented. Moreover, the application of second order QRG on the spin lattice model has been discussed generally. Our scheme shows that higher order corrections lead to an effective Hamiltonian with infinite range of interactions.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures and 1 table
Vincenzo Campi’s Ricotta Eaters (c.1585) : viewership and the early modern market
Creators: name: Nguyen, Kim-Ly Thi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines Vincenzo Campi's painting Ricotta Eaters (c.1585) in order to provoke questions about the practice of viewing and its relationship to an emerging art market. Ricotta Eaters draws on familiar types and narratives from genre painting and is usually interpreted as a comic, but moralizing allegory. I argue, however, that the painting resists this reductive interpretation, particularly by manipulating the conventions of genre painting to produce different and unexpected effects. Most striking are the aggressive yet unexplained outward gazes of the ricotta eaters. By turning my attention to how Ricotta Eaters constructs the experience of viewing, I will explore how the art market produced a new kind of viewer (an unspecified, potential buyer instead of a known patron) and provided different incentives and opportunities for artists to approach this viewer. I argue that Ricotta Eaters strives to be marketable by the way it disrupts the "normative" (stable, privileged) viewing position, offering instead a more "novel" (active, reciprocal) way of engaging with the painting. The "tactical" mode of rendering the irreducible properties of food, the eating body, the face, and laughter unfixes conventional limits of representation creating a more dynamic experience of viewing. Further, I explore the interrelationship between viewing Ricotta Eaters and viewing in the marketplace. In Ricotta Eaters, an unresolved conflict between a realistic and theatrical mode of representation complicates the viewer's relationship to the painting. The boundary of viewing is destabilized, creating an anxiety that parallels growing concerns over forms of representation in the marketplace. The breakdown of commercial and social boundaries in the marketplace produced new doubts and possibilities for exchange that, I argue, are present in Ricotta Eaters. The painting creates a difficult experience of viewing; but this challenge becomes an opportunity for the viewer to become actively involved in the production of meaning. By considering the overlaps between the marketplace and Ricotta Eaters, the various ways in which the market impacted on the production and reception of painting are revealed. Thus, Ricotta Eaters offers a new way to think about connections between viewership, representation, and the marketplace.
Additional file 1 of Systematic review of the prospective association of daily step counts with risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease, and dysglycemia
Creators: name: Hall, Katherine S.
name: Hyde, Eric T.
name: Bassett, David R.
name: Carlson, Susan A.
name: Carnethon, Mercedes R.
name: Ekelund, Ulf
name: Evenson, Kelly R.
name: Galuska, Deborah A.
name: Kraus, William E.
name: I-Min Lee
name: Matthews, Charles E.
name: Omura, John D.
name: Paluch, Amanda E.
name: Thomas, William I.
name: Fulton, Janet E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
ONU, arquitectos de la sede. Las diez correcciones de la página web
Creators: name: O. Casoy, Daniel
name: Teixeira Filho, Walter
Publisher: name: Photon Press Argentina
Year: 2024
Subjects: Historia de la Arquitectura
NACIONES UNIDAS

description: Nuestra intención con este ensayo es actuar como corregidores (aunque de motu proprio y sin encomienda institucional) del texto de la página web oficial dedicada al obsequio de una placa de bronce que acredita a los arquitectos que participaron en el proyecto del Palacio Naciones Unidas en la ciudad de Nueva York. Valoramos el material fotográfico y literario de la página de referencia, que copiamos y tomamos como punto de partida, entendiendo lo difícil que es, sin ser especialistas en el tema, sintetizar en una breve sinopsis, la gestación de una arquitectura tan importante y singular en la historia de la arquitectura. Con este criterio, numeramos en el texto original diez objeciones y pasamos en limpio la versión final corregida. Finalmente, desarrollamos los argumentos que sustentan nuestra intervención.
PAL DRs 6.4, 6.8, 6.12: Y4 Dissemination Report
Creators: name: Severgnini, Michela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Communication
Dissemination
Exploitation
Horizon2020
Robot

description: The present report describes the work carried out during the last project year regarding PAL’s Dissemination and Communication activities. It is the summary of three different WP6 Deliverables: Deliverable 6.4 ”Website y4”, Deliverable 6.8 ”Publications and proceedings report y4” and Deliverable 6.12 ”Dissemination events promoted y4”
On the detection of surface spin freezing in iron oxide nanoparticles and its long-term evolution under ambient oxidation
Creators: name: Ghoshani, M.
name: Sánchez, E. H.
name: Lee, S. S.
name: Singh, G.
name: Yaacoub, N.
name: Peddis, D.
name: Mozaffari, M.
name: Binns, C.
name: De Toro, J. A.
name: Normile, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exchange bias effects linked to surface spin freezing (SSF) are commonly found in iron oxide nanoparticles, while signatures of SSF in low-field temperature-dependent magnetization curves have been much less frequently reported. Here, we present magnetic properties of dense assemblies of similar-sized (~ 8 nm diameter) particles synthesized by a magnetite (sample S1) and a maghemite (sample S2) method, and the influence of long-term (4-year) sample aging under ambient conditions on these properties. The size of the exchange bias field of the different sample (fresh or aged) states is found to correlate with (a) whether a low-temperature hump feature signaling the SSF transition is detected in out-of-phase ac susceptibility or zero-field-cooled (ZFC) dc magnetization recorded at low field and with (b) the prominence of irreversibility between FC and ZFC curves recorded at high field. Sample S1 displays a lower magnetization than S2, and it is in S1 where the largest SSF effects are found. These effects are significantly weakened by aging but remain larger than the SSF effects in S2, where the influence of aging is considerably smaller. A non-saturating component due to spin disorder in S1 also weakens with aging, accompanied by, we infer, an increase in the superspin and the radius of the ordered nanoparticle cores. X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy provide indication of maghemite-like stoichiometry in both aged samples as well as thicker disordered particle shells in aged-S1 relative to aged-S2 (crystallographically-disordered and spin-disordered according to diffraction and Mössbauer, respectively). The pronounced diminution in SSF effects with aging in S1 is attributed to a (long-term) transition, caused by ambient oxidation, from magnetite-like to maghemite-like stoichiometry, and a concomitant softening of the spin-disordered shell anisotropy...
description: 29 pages including main manuscript (18 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables) and supplementary material (pp. 19-29). Submitted to Nanotechnology (IOP series) on 13-Aug-2020
Spectral energy distributions of a large sample of BL Lacertae objects
Creators: name: Nieppola, E.
name: Tornikoski, M.
name: Valtaoja, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have collected a large amount of multifrequency data for the objects in the Metsahovi Radio Observatory BL Lacertae sample and computed their spectral energy distributions (SED). This is the first time the SEDs of BL Lacs have been studied with a sample of over 300 objects. The synchrotron components of the SEDs were fitted with a parabolic function to determine the synchrotron peak frequency. We checked the dependence between luminosities at several frequency bands and synchrotron peak frequency to test the blazar sequence scenario, which states that the source luminosity depends on the location of the synchrotron peak. We also calculated broad band spectral indices and plotted them against each other and the peak frequency. The range of peak frequencies in our study was considerably extended compared to previous studies. There were 22 objects for which logν_{peak}>19. The data shows that at 5 GHz, 37 GHz and 5500 A there is negative correlation between luminosity and nu_{peak}. There is no significant correlation between source luminosity at synchrotron peak and peak frequency. Several low radio luminosity-low energy peaked BL Lacs were found. The negative correlation between broad band spectral indices and nu_{peak} is also significant, although there is substantial scatter. Therefore we find that neither alpha_{rx} nor alpha_{ro} can be used to determine the synchrotron peak of BL Lacs. On the grounds of our results we conclude that the blazar sequence scenario is not valid. In all our results the BL Lac population is continuous with no hint of the bimodality of the first BL Lac samples.
description: 10 + 27 pages, 13 figures, accepted to A&A
title: Phylogenetic relationships of Fabales, the effect of outgroups on Fabales topology and the evolution of keel flowers within the order
Creators: name: Aygoren Uluer, Deniz
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2018

description: Fabales is a cosmopolitan angiosperm order which consists of four families, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Polygalaceae, Surianaceae and Quillajaceae. Despite the great interest of botanists, a convincing phylogeny of the order is still not available because almost every phylogenetic study reveals a different scheme of relationships amongst families of the order. Therefore, this work is centred on the possible causes of these discrepancies in order to determine a more robust topology. Not only supermatrix analyses with 678 taxa, but also phylogenetic analyses with nuclear gene sequences are performed here for the first time. Additional analyses, such as simulations, network analyses, sampling different outgroups (random or real) and molecular clock rooting to both identify any long branch attraction and/or rooting problems were also employed. These analyses clearly show that the Fabales phylogeny has been influenced by sampling of outgroups, tree reconstruction methods and data sampling. However, network analyses show that even though it is weak, there is a consistent phylogenetic signal among the rapidly radiated Fabales families, which can be traced by further analyses. Moreover, molecular clock rooting analysis yielded a (((Quillajaceae+Surianaceae)Polygalaceae)Leguminosae) topology with strong support for the first time here. This thesis also explores an evolutionary question using the new phylogeny presented here. Evolution of keel flowers within Fabales is explored to investigate a possible “benefit scenario” suggested to account for the origin of these flower types within two species-rich families of Fabales, Polygalaceae and Leguminosae. Results of molecular dating, ancestral area, ancestral state (habit and inflorescence size) and particularly floral size analyses revealed that this “benefit scenario” may or may not be a plausible explanation for the convergent evolution of keel flowers in Polygalaceae and Leguminosae within Fabales, because the picture that emerges from the current study is a complicated one.