cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discovery of TeV Gamma Rays from SN1006: Further Evidence for the SNR Origin of Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Tanimori, T.
name: Hayami, Y.
name: Kamei, S.
name: Dazeley, S. A.
name: Edwards, P. G.
name: Gunji, S.
name: Hara, S.
name: Hara, T.
name: Holder, J.
name: Kawachi, A.
name: Kifune, T.
name: Kita, R.
name: Konishi, T.
name: Masaike, A.
name: Matsubara, Y.
name: Matsuoka, T.
name: Mizumoto, Y.
name: Mori, M.
name: Moriya, M.
name: Muraishi, H.
name: Muraki, Y.
name: Naito, T.
name: Nishijima, K.
name: Oda, S.
name: Ogio, S.
name: Patterson, J. R.
name: Roberts, M. D.
name: Rowell, G. P.
name: Sakurazawa, K.
name: Sako, T.
name: Sato, Y.
name: Susukita, R.
name: Suzuki, A.
name: Suzuki, R.
name: Tamura, T.
name: Thornton, G. J.
name: Yanagita, S.
name: Yoshida, T.
name: Yoshikoshi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports the first discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from a supernova remnant made with the CANGAROO 3.8 m Telescope. TeV gamma rays were detected at the sky position and extension coincident with the north-east (NE) rim of shell-type Supernova remnant (SNR) SN1006 (Type Ia). SN1006 has been a most likely candidate for an extended TeV Gamma-ray source, since the clear synchrotron X-ray emission from the rims was recently observed by ASCA (Koyama et al. 1995), which is a strong evidence of the existence of very high energy electrons up to hundreds of TeV in the SNR. The observed TeV gamma-ray flux was $(2.4\pm 0.5(statistical) \pm 0.7(systematic)) \times 10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ ($\ge 3.0\pm 0.9$ TeV) and $ (4.6\pm 0.6 \pm 1.4) \times 10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ ($\ge 1.7\pm 0.5$ TeV) from the 1996 and 1997 observations, respectively. Also we set an upper limit on the TeV gamma-ray emission from the SW rim, estimated to be $ 1.1 \times 10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ ($\ge 1.7\pm 0.5$ TeV, 95% CL) in the 1997 data. The TeV gamma rays can be attributed to the 2.7 K cosmic background photons up-scattered by electrons of energies up to about 10$^{14}$ eV by the inverse Compton (IC) process. The observed flux of the TeV gamma rays, together with that of the non-thermal X-rays, gives firm constraints on the acceleration process in the SNR shell; a magnetic field of $6.5\pm2$ $μ$G is inferred from both the synchrotron X-rays and inverse Compton TeV gamma-rays, which gives entirely consistent mechanisms that electrons of energies up to 10$^{14}$ eV are produced via the shock acceleration in SN1006.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX2.09 with AASTeX 4.0 maros, to appear in Astrophys. J. Lett
A new and finite family of solutions of hydrodynamics: Part II: Advanced estimate of initial energy densities
Creators: name: Kasza, Gábor
name: Csörgő, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a new, exact formula for the estimate of the initial energy densities from a new family of finite and exact solution of relativistic perfect fluid hydrodynamics. The new formula depends non-trivially on the speed of sound and on the shape or width parameter of the measured (pseudo)rapidity distribution.
description: Invited talk of G. Kasza at the WPCF 2018 conference in Cracow, Poland, May 22-26, 2018. Submitted to Acta Physica Polonica B
Stochastic thermodynamics and entropy production of chemical reaction systems
Creators: name: Tomé, Tânia
name: de Oliveira, Mário J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nonequilibrium stationary states of systems consisting of chemical reactions among molecules of several chemical species. To this end we introduce and develop a stochastic formulation of nonequilibrium thermodynamics of chemical reaction systems based on a master equation defined on the space of microscopic chemical states, and on appropriate definitions of entropy and entropy production, The system is in contact with a heat reservoir, and is placed out of equilibrium by the contact with particle reservoirs. In our approach, the fluxes of various types, such as the heat and particle fluxes, play a fundamental role in characterizing the nonequilibrium chemical state. We show that the rate of entropy production in the stationary nonequilibrium state is a bilinear form in the affinities and the fluxes of reaction, which are expressed in terms of rate constants and transition rates, respectively. We also show how the description in terms of microscopic states can be reduced to a description in terms of the numbers of particles of each species, from which follows the chemical master equation. As an example, we calculate the rate of entropy production of the first and second Schlögl reaction models.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
The notion of locality in relational quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Martin-Dussaud, Pierre
name: Rovelli, Carlo
name: Zalamea, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The term 'locality' is used in different contexts with different meanings. There have been claims that relational quantum mechanics is local, but it is not clear then how it accounts for the effects that go under the usual name of quantum non-locality. The present article shows that the failure of 'locality' in the sense of Bell, once interpreted in the relational framework, reduces to the existence of a common cause in an indeterministic context. In particular, there is no need to appeal to a mysterious space-like influence to understand it.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Self-similarity in the Foundations
Creators: name: Gorbow, Paul K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E, 03H, 03G30

description: This thesis concerns embeddings and self-embeddings of foundational structures in both set theory and category theory. The first part of the work on models of set theory consists in establishing a refined version of Friedman's theorem on the existence of embeddings between countable non-standard models of a fragment of ZF, and an analogue of a theorem of Gaifman to the effect that certain countable models of set theory can be elementarily end-extended to a model with many automorphisms whose sets of fixed points equal the original model. The second part of the work on set theory consists in combining these two results into a technical machinery, yielding several results about non-standard models of set theory relating such notions as self-embeddings, their sets of fixed points, strong rank-cuts, and set theories of different strengths. The work in foundational category theory consists in the formulation of a novel algebraic set theory which is proved to be equiconsistent to New Foundations (NF), and which can be modulated to correspond to intuitionistic or classical NF, with or without atoms. A key axiom of this theory expresses that its structures have an endofunctor with natural properties.
description: Ph.D. thesis
Row Transfer Matrix Functional Relations for Baxter's Eight-Vertex and Six-Vertex Models with Open Boundaries Via More General Reflection Matrices
Creators: name: Zhou, Yu-kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The functional relations of the transfer matrices of fusion hierachies for six- and eight-vertex models with open boundary conditions have been presented in this paper. We have shown the su($2$) fusion rule for the models with more general reflection boundary conditions, which are represented by off-diagonal reflection matrices. Also we have discussed some physics properties which are determined by the functional relations. Finally the intertwining relation between the reflection $K$ matrices for the vertex and SOS models is discussed.
description: 28 pages; Latex file; To appear in Nucl Phys B
The kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect of the large-scale structure (II): the effect of modified gravity
Creators: name: Roncarelli, M.
name: Baldi, M.
name: Villaescusa-Navarro, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The key to understand the nature of dark energy relies in our ability to probe the distant Universe. In this framework, the recent detection of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect signature in the cosmic microwave background obtained with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) is extremely useful since this observable is sensitive to the high-redshift diffuse plasma. We analyse a set of cosmological hydrodynamical simulation with 4 different realisations of a Hu & Sawicki $f(R)$ gravity model, parametrised by the values of $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}=(0,-10^{-6},-10^{-5},-10^{-4})$, to compute the properties of the kSZ effect due to the ionized Universe and how they depend on $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$ and on the redshift of reionization, $z_{\rm re}$. In the standard General Relativity limit ($\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$=0) we obtain an amplitude of the kSZ power spectrum of $\mathcal{D}^{\rm kSZ}_{3000}=4.1\,$$μ$K$^2$ ($z_{\rm re}$=8.8), close to the $+1σ$ limit of the $\mathcal{D}^{\rm kSZ}_{3000}=(2.9\pm1.3)\,$$μ$K$^2$ measurement by SPT. This corresponds to an upper limit on the kSZ contribute from patchy reionization of $\mathcal{D}^{\rm kSZ,patchy}_{3000}<0.9\,$$μ$K$^2$ (95 per cent confidence level). Modified gravity boosts the kSZ signal by about 3, 12 and 50 per cent for $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}=(-10^{-6},-10^{-5},-10^{-4})$, respectively, with almost no dependence on the angular scale. This means that with modified gravity the limits on patchy reionization shrink significantly: for $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}=-10^{-5}$ we obtain $\mathcal{D}^{\rm kSZ,patchy}_{3000}<0.4\,$$μ$K$^2$. Finally, we provide an analytical formula for the scaling of the kSZ power spectrum with $z_{\rm re}$ and $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$ at different multipoles: at $\ell=3000$ we obtain $\mathcal{D}^{\rm kSZ}_{3000}\propto z_{\rm re}^{0.24}\left(1+\sqrt{\left|\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}\right|}\right)^{41}$.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Candida glabrata ace2 hypervirulence: Looking at the genes behind the effect
Creators: name: Gibbs, Samuel Russell Stanley
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Our current understanding of virulence in the opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata is in its infancy. To expand our understanding of C. glabrata virulence, an investigation into the genes transcriptionally regulated by the first virulence-moderating gene to be discovered in Candida, ACE2, was undertaken. For the first time in C. glabrata, a partial Ace2p regulon containing 12 previously univestigated genes that show Ace2p­‐dependent expression has been defined. Study of their promoter regions discovered possible Ace2p DNA binding sites, with 10 genes showing possible direct regulation by Ace2p in C. glabrata. A reductionist approach was employed in an effort to study the effects of the deletion of each of the 12 partial Ace2p-­regulon genes in C. glabrata individually. Both phenotypic and virulence analyses were used to analyse the results of the individual deletions with regard to the extreme hypervirulence displayed by the ace2 null cells. The results indicate that out of the 10 genes successfully disrupted, six were shown to be significantly different when compared with the C. glabrata wild type in a neutropenic murine model of systemic candidiasis and therefore hypervirulent. Each of the six hypervirulent genes showed 100% mortality after five days post infection, markedly different to the hypervirulence displayed by the ace2 null, which displayed 100% mortality within 18 hours post infection, and to the wild type, which displayed 40% mortality after 14 days post infection. The C. glabrata sic1 null was also found to elicit significantly increased cytokine release in an in vitro macrophage infection assay, as measured by IL­‐6 and TNFα ELISA. The results presented in this thesis therefore indicate that the hypervirulence and immune over-stimulation shown by the ace2 mutant in C. glabrata is most likely multifactorial with a combination of antivirulence genes contributing to the extreme hypervirulence and immune over-stimulation. During the course of investigation into the Ace2p regulon, a novel gene lacking homology to putative glucanases or other yeast genes was highlighted. Therefore the uncharacterised Ace2p regulon gene DSE1, whose function is currently unknown, was investigated. Using C. glabrata and its close genetic relative, the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a study of the localisation, phenotype and structural prediction revealed a possible enzymatic or regulatory function for Dse1p, localised to the cell budding area and daughter cell, with a likely role in cell wall metabolism and cell separation within C. glabrata.
Oral history interview with Louis G. Petree 1974
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Chemists
Manufacturing processes
Containers
Food contamination
Customer services

description: Youth and family; education; chemist for Food and Drug Administration and for National Canners Association; use of insecticides on fruit for canning; sterilization and elimination of microorganisms in canned foods; shelf life: West Coast consumer research department; World War II and development of low-tin steel plate for cans; decline in customer services.
Structural and functional studies of Microneme Protein 3 (MIC3) from Apicomplexan parasite Eimeria tenella
Creators: name: Lai, Livia Pui Shuen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Eimeria spp. are a highly successful group of intracellular protozoan parasites that develop within intestinal epithelial cells of poultry, causing coccidiosis. As a result of resistance against anticoccidial drugs and the expense of manufacturing live vaccines, it is necessary to understand the relationship between Eimeria and its host more deeply, with a view to developing recombinant vaccines. Like other members of the Apicomplexan parasites, Eimeria possesses a number of microneme proteins (MICs) which are deployed at the parasite-host interface during the early stages of invasion. One of these proteins, EtMIC3, is a lectin consisting of seven tandem microneme adhesive repeats (MAR), which possess a high affinity for sialylated glycans as shown by cell-based assays and carbohydrate microarray analyses. To provide a structural basis for the sialic acid recognition of EtMIC3, the second MAR domain of EtMIC3 was expressed recombinantly and its structure was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR titration and chemical shift mapping was carried out to localise the carbohydrate binding site and inter-molecular NOEs were measured using filtered NOESY experiments. Structural models of the carbohydrate complexes were subsequently calculated invoking both intermolecular NOEs and chemical shift-derived distance restraints using the HADDOCK approach.
Correlated Continuous Time Markov Chains and Derivatives Pricing
Creators: name: Dalessandro, Antonio
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: In this thesis, properties and results on the continuous-time Markov chain approximation for multivariate diffusions and Lévy processes are presented and applied to the problem of derivative pricing. Numerical methods are formulated in order to approximate a specific stochastic process by a corresponding continuous-time Markov chain. We produce desired convergence results for such approximation schemes. A great emphasis is given to the approximation of correlated multidimensional processes and to the construction of the associated correlated continuous-time Markov chain. In fact, the correlation among continuous-time Markov chains is the theme of this dissertation. We show how to build a multi-dimensional continuous-time Markov chain that closely follow the dynamics of a multivariate diffusion. We apply this result to compute the price of European options where the underlying process dynamics is given by the Heston’s stochastic volatility model. Furthermore, we introduce a method to create high-dimensional correlated continuous-time Markov chains that approximate specified stochastic processes. We apply this methodology to model the point-in-time credit rating dynamics and also to price standardized Index collateralized debt obligations and more generally credit derivatives portfolios.
Efficient and scalable exact inference algorithms for Bayesian networks
Creators: name: Sandiford, John G.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: With the proliferation of data, and the increased use of Bayesian networks as a statistical modelling technique, the expectations and demands on Bayesian networks have increased substantially. In this text we explore novel techniques for performing exact inference with Bayesian networks, in an efficient stable and scalable manner. We consider not only discrete variable Bayesian networks but also those with continuous variables, and Dynamic Bayesian networks for modelling time series/sequential data. We first examine how existing algorithms can be decomposed into a library of techniques which can then be used when constructing novel algorithms or extending existing algorithms. We then go on to develop novel techniques, including an algorithm for the efficient and scalable manipulation of distributions during inference and algorithms for performing numerically stable inference. Additionally we develop a technique for performing fixed memory inference, which can be used to extend existing algorithms, and we also identify an inference mechanism which has similar performance to the polytree algorithm, but can operate on classes of networks that are not trees. Finally, we explore how nodes with multiple variables can lead to both graphical simplicity and performance gains.
Restricted basis set coupled-channel calculations on atom-molecule collisions in magnetic fields
Creators: name: Morita, Masato
name: Tscherbul, Timur V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rigorous coupled-channel quantum scattering calculations on molecular collisions in external fields are computationally demanding due to the need to account for a large number of coupled channels and multiple total angular momenta $J$ of the collision complex. We show that by restricting the number of total angular momentum basis states to include only the states with helicities $K\le K_\text{max}$ it is possible to obtain accurate elastic and inelastic cross sections for He+CaH, Li+CaH and Li+SrOH collisions at a small fraction of the computational cost of the full coupled-channel calculations (where $K$ is the projection of the molecular rotational angular momentum on the atom-diatom axis). The optimal size of the truncated helicity basis set depends on the mechanism of the inelastic process and on the magnitude of the external magnetic field. For dipolar-mediated spin relaxation in ultracold Li+CaH and Li+SrOH collisions, we find that a minimal helicity basis set ($K_\text{max}=0$) gives quantitatively accurate results at ultralow collision energies, leading to nearly 90-fold gain in computational efficiency. Larger basis sets are required to accurately describe the resonance structure in Li+CaH and Li+SrOH inelastic cross sections in the few partial wave-regime ($K_\text{max}=3$) as well as indirect spin relaxation in He+CaH collisions ($K_\text{max}=1$). Our calculations indicate that the resonance structure is due to an interplay of the spin-rotation and Coriolis couplings between the basis states of different $K$ and the couplings between the rotational states of the same $K$ induced by the anisotropy of the interaction potential.
non précisée
Creators: name: Séguier, Jean-François
name: Jean-François Séguier
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021

description: Source: [lieu de Conservation] Vienne, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek [cote]Slg. Wenzel La Croix von Langenstein, Autog. 86/14-1 Han
Additional file 2: of Optimizing huddle engagement through leadership and problem-solving within primary care: AÂ study protocol for a cluster randomized trial
Creators: name: Branda, Megan
name: Aravind Chandrasekaran
name: Tumerman, Marc
name: Shah, Nilay
name: Ward, Peter
name: Staats, Bradley
name: Lewis, Theresa
name: Olson, Diane
name: Giblon, Rachel
name: Lampman, Michelle
name: Rushlow, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Clinician contact email for participation and consent to participate. (DOCX 25 kb)
Fake News Identification on Twitter with Hybrid CNN and RNN Models
Creators: name: Ajao, Oluwaseun
name: Bhowmik, Deepayan
name: Zargari, Shahrzad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem associated with the propagation of fake news continues to grow at an alarming scale. This trend has generated much interest from politics to academia and industry alike. We propose a framework that detects and classifies fake news messages from Twitter posts using hybrid of convolutional neural networks and long-short term recurrent neural network models. The proposed work using this deep learning approach achieves 82% accuracy. Our approach intuitively identifies relevant features associated with fake news stories without previous knowledge of the domain.
description: 5 Pages
Hydrogen-Tolerant La0.6Ca0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–d Oxygen Transport Membranes from Ultrasonic Spray Synthesis for Plasma-Assisted CO2 Conversion
Creators: name: Rashid, Aasir
name: Lim, Hyunjung
name: Plaz, Daniel
name: Escobar Cano, Giamper
name: Bresser, Marc
name: Wiegers, Katharina-Sophia
name: Confalonieri, Giorgia
name: Baek, Sungho
name: Chen, Guoxing
name: Feldhoff, Armin
name: Schulz, Andreas
name: Weidenkaff, Anke
name: Widenmeyer, Marc
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CO2 conversion
subject: H2 tolerance
subject: oxygen transport membranes
subject: plasma-assisted process
subject: ultrasonic spray synthesis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: La0.6Ca0.4Co1–xFexO3–d in its various compositions has proven to be an excellent CO2-resistant oxygen transport membrane that can be used in plasma-assisted CO2 conversion. With the goal of incorporating green hydrogen into the CO2 conversion process, this work takes a step further by investigating the compatibility of La0.6Ca0.4Co1–xFexO3–d membranes with hydrogen fed into the plasma. This will enable plasma-assisted conversion of the carbon monoxide produced in the CO2 reduction process into green fuels, like methanol. This requires the La0.6Ca0.4Co1–xFexO3–d membranes to be tolerant towards reducing conditions of hydrogen. The hydrogen tolerance of La0.6Ca0.4Co1–xFexO3–d (x = 0.8) was studied in detail. A faster and resource-efficient route based on ultrasonic spray synthesis was developed to synthesise the La0.6Ca0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–d membranes. The La0.6Ca0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–d membrane developed using ultrasonic spray synthesis showed similar performance in terms of its oxygen permeation when compared with the ones synthesised with conventional techniques, such as co-precipitation, sol–gel, etc., despite using 30% less cobalt.
Method Comparison for Simulating Non-Gaussian Beams and Diffraction for Precision Interferometry
Creators: name: Zhao, Mengyuan
name: Tao, Yazheng
name: Weber, Kevin
name: Kaune, Tim
name: Schuster, Sönke
name: Hao, Zhenxiang
name: Wanner, Gudrun
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: diffraction
subject: optical simulation
subject: space interferometry
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In the context of simulating precision laser interferometers, we use several examples to compare two wavefront decomposition methods—the Mode Expansion Method (MEM) and the Gaussian Beam Decomposition (GBD) method—for their precision and applicability. To assess the performance of these methods, we define different types of errors and study their properties. We specify how the two methods can be fairly compared and based on that, compare the quality of the MEM and GBD through several examples. Here, we test cases for which analytic results are available, i.e., non-clipped circular and general astigmatic Gaussian beams, as well as clipped circular Gaussian beams, in the near, far, and extremely far fields of millions of kilometers occurring in space-gravitational wave detectors. Additionally, we compare the methods for aberrated wavefronts and their interaction with optical components by testing reflections from differently curved mirrors. We find that both methods can generally be used for decomposing non-Gaussian beams. However, which method is more accurate depends on the optical system and simulation settings. In the given examples, the MEM more accurately describes non-clipped Gaussian beams, whereas for clipped Gaussian beams and the interaction with surfaces, the GBD is more precise.
title: Diskretes Modell der Flächengewichts-Querprofilentstehung bei Papiermaschinen
Creators: name: Adamy, Jürgen
name: Lorenz, Steffen
name: Graf, Klemens
Publisher: name: De Gruyter
Year: 2021

description: Das Flächengewichts-Querprofil ist ein wichtiges Qualitätsmerkmal bei der Erzeugung von Papierbahnen, da es unerwünschte Schwankungen des Flächengewichts in der Bahn beschreibt. Diese Schwankungen sollen möglichst gering sein, und daher glättet man sie im allgemeinen mittels einer Querprofilregelung. Für den Entwurf einer solchen Regelung wird ein zeitdiskretes Prozeßmodell mit konzentrierten Parametern benötigt, da die zu regelnde Prozeßgröße, das Flächengewichts-Querprofil, nur in Zeitintervallen und als Vektor von Profilwerten gemessen wird. Ein solches Modell wird in diesem Artikel aus der bereits in [1] aufgestellten zeitkontinuierlichen Prozeßbeschreibung mit verteilten Parametern gewonnen.
Semantically-informed distance and similarity measures for paraphrase plagiarism identification
Creators: name: Álvarez-Carmona, Miguel A.
name: Franco-Salvador, Marc
name: Villatoro-Tello, Esaú
name: Montes-y-Gómez, Manuel
name: Rosso, Paolo
name: Villaseñor-Pineda, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Paraphrase plagiarism identification represents a very complex task given that plagiarized texts are intentionally modified through several rewording techniques. Accordingly, this paper introduces two new measures for evaluating the relatedness of two given texts: a semantically-informed similarity measure and a semantically-informed edit distance. Both measures are able to extract semantic information from either an external resource or a distributed representation of words, resulting in informative features for training a supervised classifier for detecting paraphrase plagiarism. Obtained results indicate that the proposed metrics are consistently good in detecting different types of paraphrase plagiarism. In addition, results are very competitive against state-of-the art methods having the advantage of representing a much more simple but equally effective solution.
The MEV project: design and testing of a new high-resolution telescope for Muography of Etna Volcano
Creators: name: Presti, D. Lo
name: Gallo, G.
name: Bonanno, D. L.
name: Bonanno, G.
name: Bongiovanni, D. G.
name: Carbone, D.
name: Ferlito, C.
name: Immè, J.
name: La Rocca, P.
name: Longhitano, F.
name: Messina, A.
name: Reito, S.
name: Riggi, F.
name: Russo, G.
name: Zuccarello, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MEV project aims at developing a muon telescope expressly designed for the muography of Etna Volcano. In particular, one of the active craters in the summit area of the volcano would be a suitable target for this experiment. A muon tracking telescope with high imaging resolution was built and tested during 2017. The telescope is a tracker based on extruded scintillating bars with WLS fibres and featuring an innovative read-out architecture. It is composed of three XY planes with a sensitive area of \SI{1}{m^2}; the angular resolution does not exceeds \SI{0.4}{\milli\steradian} and the total angular aperture is about $\pm$\SI{45}{\degree}. A special effort concerned the design of mechanics and electronics in order to meet the requirements of a detector capable to work in a hostile environment such as the top of a tall volcano, at a far distance from any facility. The test phase started in January 2017 and ended successfully at the end of July 2017. An extinct volcanic crater (the Monti Rossi, in the village of Nicolosi, about 15km from Catania) is the target of the measurement. The detector acquired data for about 120 days and the preliminary results are reported in this work.
Dielectric Engineering of Electronic Correlations in a van der Waals Heterostructure
Creators: name: Steinleitner, Philipp
name: Merkl, Philipp
name: Graf, Alexander
name: Nagler, Philipp
name: Zipfel, Jonas
name: Schüller, Christian
name: Korn, Tobias
name: Chernikov, Alexey
name: Huber, Rupert
name: Brem, Samuel
name: Selig, Malte
name: Berghäuser, Gunnar
name: Malic, Ermin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heterostructures of van der Waals bonded layered materials offer unique means to tailor dielectric screening with atomic-layer precision, opening a fertile field of fundamental research. The optical analyses used so far have relied on interband spectroscopy. Here we demonstrate how a capping layer of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) renormalizes the internal structure of excitons in a WSe$_2$ monolayer using intraband transitions. Ultrabroadband terahertz probes sensitively map out the full complex-valued mid-infrared conductivity of the heterostructure after optical injection of $1s$ A excitons. This approach allows us to trace the energies and linewidths of the atom-like $1s$-$2p$ transition of optically bright and dark excitons as well as the densities of these quasiparticles. The fundamental excitonic resonance red shifts and narrows in the WSe$_2$/hBN heterostructure compared to the bare monolayer. Furthermore, the ultrafast temporal evolution of the mid-infrared response function evidences the formation of optically dark excitons from an initial bright population. Our results provide key insight into the effect of non local screening on electron-hole correlations and open new possibilities of dielectric engineering of van der Waals heterostructures.
X-ray ionization of the intergalactic medium by quasars
Creators: name: Graziani, Luca
name: Ciardi, B.
name: Glatzle, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of quasars on the ionization of the surrounding intergalactic medium (IGM) with the radiative transfer code \texttt{CRASH4}, now accounting for X-rays and secondary electrons. After comparing with analytic solutions, we post-process a cosmic volume ($ \approx 1.5\times 10^4$ Mpc$^3 h^{-3}$) containing a ULAS J1120+0641-like quasar (QSO) hosted by a $5 \times 10^{11} {\rm M}_\odot h^{-1}$ dark matter (DM) halo. We find that: (i) the average HII region ($R\sim3.2$~pMpc in a lifetime $t_f = 10^7$~yrs) is mainly set by UV flux, in agreement with semi-analytic scaling relations; (ii) a largely neutral ($x_{\textrm{HII}} < 0.001$), warm ($T\sim 10^3$~K) tail extends up to few Mpc beyond the ionization front, as a result of the X-ray flux; (iii) LyC-opaque inhomogeneities induce a line of sight (LOS) scatter in $R$ as high as few physical Mpc, consistent with the DLA scenario proposed to explain the anomalous size of the ULAS J1120+0641 ionized region. On the other hand, with an ionization rate $\dot{N}_{γ,0} \sim 10^{57}$~s$^{-1}$, the assumed DLA clustering and gas opacity, only one LOS shows an HII region compatible with the observed one. We deduce that either the ionization rate of the QSO is at least one order of magnitude lower or the ULAS J1120+0641 bright phase is shorter than $10^7$~yrs.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Main Journal, Accepted 2018 May 21
MOESM3 of Empowering the detection of ChIP-seq “basic peaks” (bPeaks) in small eukaryotic genomes with a web user-interactive interface
Creators: name: Denecker, Thomas
name: Lelandais, Gaëlle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. A use case in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with transcription factor Pdr1.
Oral history interview with Louis Martin, 1971
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Journalists
Journalism--Political aspects
Journalism--Social aspects
African American press
Newspaper publishing--Economic aspects--United States
Newspapers--Circulation
African American journalists

description: In his 1971 interview with Henry La Brie III, Louis E. Martin shares his views on the intersections of the black press and financing, labor, and politics. Throughout the interview, Martin discusses revenue from circulation, the opening up of advertising beyond racial lines, the dependence of newspapers on corporate America, and the formation of capital. He discusses the establishment of the Michigan Chronicle in 1936 and the importance it placed on reporting on black labor and unions. Martin explains how his international travels informed his understanding of race in the United States, the concept of tribalism, and the need to educate white people about racial nuances. Finally, he looks at the black press' success in politically influencing black readership and others, and the black press' role in integration.
Supramolecular Click Chemistry for Surface Modification of Quantum Dots Mediated by Cucurbit[7]uril
Creators: name: McGuire, Katie
name: He, Suhang
name: Gracie, Jennifer
name: Bryson, Charlotte
name: Zheng, Dazhong
name: Clark, Alasdair W.
name: Koehnke, Jesko
name: France, David J.
name: Nau, Werner M.
name: Lee, Tung-Chun
name: Peveler, William J.
Publisher: name: Washington, DC : Soc.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: click-chemistry
subject: cucurbiturils
subject: host−guest complexes
subject: nanoparticles
subject: quantum dots
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Cucurbiturils (CBs), barrel-shaped macrocyclic molecules, are capable of self-assembling at the surface of nanomaterials in their native state, via their carbonyl-ringed portals. However, the symmetrical two-portal structure typically leads to aggregated nanomaterials. We demonstrate that fluorescent quantum dot (QD) aggregates linked with CBs can be broken-up, retaining CBs adsorbed at their surface, via inclusion of guests in the CB cavity. Simultaneously, the QD surface is modified by a functional tail on the guest, thus the high affinity host-guest binding (logKa > 9) enables a non-covalent, click-like modification of the nanoparticles in aqueous solution. We achieved excellent modification efficiency in several functional QD conjugates as protein labels. Inclusion of weaker-binding guests (logKa = 4-6) enables subsequent displacement with stronger binders, realising modular switchable surface chemistries. Our general “hook-and-eye” approach to host-guest chemistry at nanomaterial interfaces will lead to divergent routes for nano-architectures with rich functionalities for theranostics and photonics in aqueous systems.
General class of BPS saturated dyonic black holes as exact superstring solutions
Creators: name: Cvetic, M.
name: Tseytlin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a four-parameter generating solution for a general class of four-dimensional, spherically-symmetric, static, dyonic BPS saturated solutions of leading-order effective equations of toroidally compactified heterotic or type II superstring theory are exact string solutions. The corresponding ten-dimensional background defines a conformal sigma-model which is a particular case of a `chiral null model' with curved `transverse' part. The exact conformal invariance is a consequence of the chiral null structure of the `electric' part of the model and the N=4 world-sheet supersymmetry of its transverse `magnetic' part. The sigma-model action has a remarkable covariance under both target space and the electromagnetic $S$-duality transformations, and it illustrates the relation between string-string duality in six dimensions and $S$-duality in four dimensions. In general, there exists a large class of exact six-dimensional superstring solutions described by chiral null models with four-dimensional transverse parts represented by N=4 supersymmetric sigma-models with metrics conformal to hyper-Kahler ones.
description: 14 pages, latex. Version to appear in Physics Letters B
Anapole-Assisted Strong Field Enhancement in Individual All-Dielectric Nanostructures
Creators: name: Yang, Yuanqing
name: Zenin, Vladimir A.
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-index dielectric nanostructures have recently become prominent forefront alternatives for manipulating light at the nanoscale. Their electric and magnetic resonances with intriguing characteristics endow them with a unique ability to strongly enhance near-field effects with minimal absorption. Similar to their metallic counterparts, dielectric oligomers consisting of two or more coupled particles are generally employed to create localized optical fields. Here we show that individual all-dielectric nanostructures, with rational designs, can produce strong electric fields with intensity enhancements exceeding 3 orders of magnitude. Such a striking effect is demonstrated within a Si nanodisk by fully exploiting anapole generation and simultaneously introducing a slot area with high-contrast interfaces. By performing finite-difference time-domain simulations and multipole decomposition analysis, we systematically investigate both far-field and near-field properties of the slotted disk and reveal a subtle interplay among different resonant modes of the system. Furthermore, while electric fields at anapole modes are typically internal, i.e., found inside nanostructures, our slotted configuration generates external hotspots with electric fields additionally enhanced by virtue of boundary conditions. These electric hotspots are thereby directly accessible to nearby molecules or quantum emitters, opening up new possibilities for single-particle enhanced spectroscopies or single-photon emission enhancement due to large Purcell effects. Our presented design methodology is also readily extendable to other materials and other geometries, which may unlock enormous potential for sensing and quantum nanophotonic applications.
DNA extraction from Oyster Mushrooms Fruiting Bodies without Mycelial Activation Process
Creators: name: Rutthaporn Chandet
Publisher: name: King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
Year: 2024
Subjects: Oyster Mushrooms
Molecular Marker
ITS
HAT-RAPD
DNA

description: Science and Engineering Connect, 47, 1, 3-10
Detection of Triacetone Triperoxide by High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Creators: name: Schaefer, Christoph
name: Lippmann, Martin
name: Beukers, Michiel
name: Beijer, Niels
name: Van De Kamp, Ben
name: Knotter, Jaap
name: Zimmermann, Stefan
Publisher: name: Columbus, Ohio : American Chemical Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical detection
subject: Electric fields
subject: Gas chromatography
subject: Ion mobility spectrometers
subject: Ionization of gases
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry (HiKE-IMS) is a versatile technique for the detection of gaseous target molecules that is particularly useful in complex chemical environments, while the instrumental effort is low. Operating HiKE-IMS at reduced pressures from 10 to 60 mbar results in fewer ion-neutral collisions than at ambient pressure, reducing chemical cross-sensitivities and eliminating the need for a preceding separation dimension, e.g., by gas chromatography. In addition, HiKE-IMS allows operation over a wide range of reduced electric field strengths E/N up to 120 Td, allowing separation of ions by low-field ion mobility and exploiting the field dependence of ion mobility, potentially allowing separation of ion species at high E/N despite similar low-field ion mobilities. Given these advantages, HiKE-IMS can be a useful tool for trace gas analysis such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) detection. In this study, we employed HiKE-IMS to detect TATP. We explore the ionization of TATP and the field-dependent ion mobilities, providing a database of the ion mobilities depending on E/N. Confirming the literature results, ionization of TATP by proton transfer with H3O+ in HiKE-IMS generates fragments, but using NH4+ as the primary reactant ion leads to the TATP·NH4+ adduct. This adduct fragments at high E/N, which could provide additional information for reliable detection of TATP. Thus, operating HiKE-IMS at variable E/N in the drift region generates a unique fingerprint of TATP made of all ion species related to TATP and their ion mobilities depending on E/N, potentially reducing the rate of false positives.
Matter Coupled F(4) Supergravity and the AdS_6/CFT_5 Correspondence
Creators: name: D'Auria, R.
name: Ferrara, S.
name: Vaulà, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: F(4) supergravity, the gauge theory of the exceptional six-dimensional Anti-de Sitter superalgebra, is coupled to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets whose scalar components parametrize the quaternionic manifold $SO(4,n)/SO(4)\times SO(n)$. By gauging the compact subgroup $SU(2)_d \otimes \cG$, where SU(2)_d is the diagonal subgroup of $SO(4)\simeq SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R$ (the R-symmetry group of six-dimensional Poincaré supergravity) and $\cG$ is a compact group such that $dim\cG = n$, we compute the scalar potential which, besides the gauge coupling constants, also depends in non trivial way on the parameter m associated to a massive 2-form $B_{μν}$ of the gravitational multiplet. The potential admits an AdS background for g=3m, as the pure F(4)-supergravity. We compute the scalar squared masses (which are all negative) and retrieve the results dictated by AdS_6/CFT_5 correspondence from the conformal dimensions of boundary operators. The boundary F(4) superconformal fields are realized in terms of a singleton superfield (hypermultiplet) in harmonic superspace with flag manifold SU(2)/U(1)=S^2. We analize the spectrum of short representations in terms of superconformal primaries and predict general features of the K-K specrum of massive type IIA supergravity compactified on warped $AdS_6\otimes S^4$.
description: 21 pages, latex, minor corrections and reference added
The K-band Hubble diagram for the brightest cluster galaxies: a test of hierarchical galaxy formation models
Creators: name: Aragon-Salamanca, A.
name: Baugh, C. M.
name: Kauffmann, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the K-band Hubble diagram for a sample of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the redshift range 02) that is evolving passively. We can thus use evolutionary population synthesis models to estimate the rate of growth in stellar mass for these systems. We find that the stellar mass in a typical BCG has grown by a factor ~ 2 since z=1 if q_0=0.0 or by factor ~ 4 if q_0=0.5. These results are in good agreement with the predictions of semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and evolution set in the context of a hierarchical scenario for structure formation. The models predict a scatter in the luminosities of the BCGs that is somewhat larger than the observed one, but that depends on the criterion used to select the model clusters.
description: 9 pages, Latex, 6 postscript figures, using MNRAS macros, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A variational principle for mass transport
Creators: name: Trinkle, Dallas R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variation principle for mass transport in solids is derived that recasts transport coefficients as minima of local thermodynamic average quantities. The result is independent of diffusion mechanism, and applies to amorphous and crystalline systems. This unifies different computational approaches for diffusion, and provides a framework for the creation of new approximation methods with error estimation. It gives a different physical interpretation of the Green function. Finally, the variational principle quantifies the accuracy of competing approaches for a nontrivial diffusion problem.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, 16 pages supplement
Optimizing thermally affected ratchet currents using periodic perturbations
Creators: name: da Silva, Rafael M.
name: Manchein, Cesar
name: Beims, Marcus W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of the present work is to apply a recently proposed methodology to enlarge parameter domains for which optimal ratchet currents (RCs) are obtained. This task is performed by adding a suitable periodic perturbation $F_j$ on a Ratchet mapping and the procedure consists in multiplying a particular class of generic Isoperiodic Stable Structures (ISSs), since the existence of non-zero RCs is directly related to the occurrence of stable domains. By proliferating the ISSs, it is possible to: (i) postpone thermal effects that usually increase the chaotic domain and (ii) demonstrate, by using a quantitative analysis, that the area which provides optimal RCs in the two-dimensional parameter space can be enlarged about $78\%$. In addition, for some specific parameter combinations, non-zero RCs can be induced through the birth of a new attractor, which moves away as the strength of $F_j$ increases. Clearly, the methodology applied to the ratchet mapping is an efficient way to deal with unavoidable thermal effects and its consequent undesirable dynamics, specially in experimental setups. As a second general remark, we conclude that our main findings can be extended to issues related to transport problems.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures