cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Weight function in a bimaterial strip containing an interfacial crack and an imperfect interface. Application to Bloch-Floquet analysis in a thin inhomogeneous structure with cracks
Creators: name: Vellender, A.
name: Mishuris, G. S.
name: Movchan, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a weight function in a bi-material strip containing a semi-infinite crack and an imperfect interface and analyse a problem of anti-plane shear. We then present an asymptotic algorithm which uses the weight function to evaluate the coefficients in asymptotics of solutions to problems of wave propagation in a thin bi-material strip containing a periodic array of cracks situated at the interface between two materials.
Compositional Approach to Distributed System Behavior Modeling and Formal Validation of Infrastructure Operations with Finite State Automata: Application to Viewpoint-Driven Verification of Functionality in Waterways
Creators: name: Austin, Mark A.
name: Johnson, John
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2018
Subjects: model-based systems engineering
infrastructure
distributed system
behavior model
formal verification
automation
modeling
waterways operations

description: Now that modern infrastructure systems are moving toward an increased use of automation in their day-to-day operations, there is an emerging need for new approaches to the formal analysis and validation of system functionality with respect to correctness of operations. This paper describes a compositional approach to the multi-level behavior modeling and formal validation of large-scale distributed system operations with hierarchies and networks of finite state automata. To avoid the well-known state explosion problem, we develop a new procedure for viewpoint-action-process traceability, thereby allowing parts of a behavior model not relevant to a specific decision to be removed from consideration. Key features of the methodology are illustrated through the development of behavior models and validation procedures for polite conversation between two individuals, and lockset- and system-level concerns for ships traversing a large-scale waterway system.
Coherency strain and the kinetics of phase separation in LiFePO4
Creators: name: Cogswell, Daniel A.
name: Bazant, Martin Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical investigation of the effects of elastic coherency on the thermodynamics, kinetics, and morphology of intercalation in single LiFePO4 nanoparticles yields new insights into this important battery material. Anisotropic elastic stiffness and misfit strains lead to the unexpected prediction that low-energy phase boundaries occur along {101} planes, while conflicting reports of phase boundary orientations are resolved by a partial loss of coherency in the {100} direction. Elastic relaxation near surfaces leads to the formation of a striped morphology, whose characteristic length scale is predicted by the model and yields an estimate of the interfacial energy. The effects of coherency strain on solubility and galvanostatic discharge are studied with a reaction-limited phase-field model, which quantitatively captures the influence of misfit strain, particle size, and temperature on solubility seen in experiments. Coherency strain strongly suppresses phase separation during discharge, which enhances rate capability and extends cycle life. The effects of elevated temperature and the feasibility of nucleation are considered in the context of multi-particle cathodes.
MoS2 Dual-Gate MOSFET with Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al2O3 as Top-Gate Dielectric
Creators: name: Liu, Han
name: Ye, Peide D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) high-k dielectric integration on two-dimensional (2D) layer-structured molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystals and MoS2 dual-gate n-channel MOSFETs with ALD Al2O3 as top-gate dielectric. Our C-V study of MOSFET structures shows good interface between 2D MoS2 crystal and ALD Al2O3. Maximum drain currents using back-gates and top-gates are measured to be 7.07mA/mm and 6.42mA/mm at Vds=2V with a channel width of 3 μm, a channel length of 9 μm, and a top-gate length of 3 μm. We achieve the highest field-effect mobility of electrons using back-gate control to be 517 cm^2/Vs. The highest current on/off ratio is over 10^8.
description: submitted to IEEE Electron Device Letters
Ground state properties of antiferromagnetic anisotropic S=1 Heisenberg spin chains
Creators: name: Peters, D.
name: McCulloch, I. P.
name: Selke, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using (infinite) density matrix renormalization group techniques, ground state properties of antiferromagnetic S=1 Heisenberg spin chains with exchange and single-site anisotropies in an external field are studied. The phase diagram is known to display a plenitude of interesting phases. We elucidate quantum phase transitions between the supersolid and spin-liquid as well as the spin-liquid and the ferromagnetic phases. Analyzing spin correlation functions in the spin-liquid phase, commensurate and (two distinct) incommensurate regions are identified.
Should We Leave? Attitudes towards Relocation in Response to Sea Level Rise
Creators: name: Song, Jie
name: Peng, Binbin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: coastal hazards
climate change
regression
questionnaire
flooding

description: The participation of individuals contributes significantly to the success of sea level rise adaptation. This study therefore addresses what influences people’s likelihood of relocating away from low-lying areas in response to rising sea levels. The analysis was based on a survey conducted in the City of Panama Beach in Florida (USA). Survey items relate to people’s risk perception, hazard experience, threat appraisal, and coping appraisal, whose theoretical background is Protection Motivation Theory. Descriptive and correlation analysis was first performed to highlight critical factors which were then examined by a multinomial Logit model. Results show that sea level rise awareness is the major explanatory variable. Coping appraisal is qualitatively viewed as a strong predictor for action, while threat appraisal is statistically significant in driving relocation intention. These factors should be integrated in current risk communication regarding sea level rise.
Additional file 14 of Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to B. thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots
Creators: name: Coates, Brad S.
name: Deleury, Emeline
name: Gassmann, Aaron J.
name: Hibbard, Bruce E.
name: Meinke, Lance J.
name: Miller, Nicholas J.
name: Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer
name: French, B. Wade
name: Sappington, Thomas W.
name: Siegfried, Blair D.
name: Guillemaud, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 14: Supplementary Fig. S5. Structural annotation of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) encoded by transcripts differentially expressed following Diabrotica virgifera virgifera exposure to Cry3Bb1 or Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1. Annotations based on structure defined by Hay et al. (2000).
Change Propagation Without Joins
Creators: name: Wang, Qichen
name: Hu, Xiao
name: Dai, Binyang
name: Yi, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68P15

description: We revisit the classical change propagation framework for query evaluation under updates. The standard framework takes a query plan and materializes the intermediate views, which incurs high polynomial costs in both space and time, with the join operator being the culprit. In this paper, we propose a new change propagation framework without joins, thus naturally avoiding this polynomial blowup. Meanwhile, we show that the new framework still supports constant-delay enumeration of both the deltas and the full query results, the same as in the standard framework. Furthermore, we provide a quantitative analysis of its update cost, which not only recovers many recent theoretical results on the problem, but also yields an effective approach to optimizing the query plan. The new framework is also easy to be integrated into an existing streaming database system. Experimental results show that our system prototype, implemented using Flink DataStream API, significantly outperforms other systems in terms of space, time, and latency.
description: Full version of the VLDB paper, correcting some errors from the original paper
Prospects of measuring the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decaying into muon pairs at the International Linear Collider
Creators: name: Kawada, Shin-Ichi
name: List, Jenny
name: Berggren, Carl Mikael
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: electron positron: annihilation
electron positron: colliding beams
Higgs particle: electroproduction
Higgs particle: leptonic decay
Higgs particle: branching ratio
muon: pair production
ILC Coll
linear collider
transverse momentum
momentum resolution
ILD detector
sensitivity
numerical calculations: Monte Carlo
Higgs particle --> muon+ muon-
250 GeV-cms
500 GeV-cms

description: The prospects for measuring the branching fraction of $H \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ at the International Linear Collider (ILC) have been evaluated based on a full detector simulation of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept, considering centre-of-mass energies ($\sqrt{s}$) of 250 GeV and 500 GeV. For both $\sqrt{s}$ cases, the two final states $e^+ e^- \to q\overline{q}H$ and $e^+ e^- \to \nu \overline{\nu}H$ have been analyzed. For integrated luminosities of 2 ab$^{−1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 250 GeV and 4 ab$^{−1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 500 GeV, the combined precision on the branching fraction of $H \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ is estimated to be 17%. The impact of the transverse momentum resolution for this analysis is also studied.
Uncovering the Green, Blue, and Grey Water Footprint and Virtual Water of Biofuel Production in Brazil: A Nexus Perspective
Creators: name: Munoz Castillo, Raul
name: Feng, Kuishuang
name: Hubacek, Klaus
name: Sun, Laixiang
name: Guilhoto, Joaquim
name: Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: nexus
Brazil
bioenergy
water footprint
virtual water
water scarcity

description: Brazil plays a major role in the global biofuel economy as the world’s second largest producer and consumer and the largest exporter of ethanol. Its demand is expected to significantly increase in coming years, largely driven by national and international carbon mitigation targets. However, biofuel crops require significant amounts of water and land resources that could otherwise be used for the production of food, urban water supply, or energy generation. Given Brazil’s uneven spatial distribution of water resources among regions, a potential expansion of ethanol production will need to take into account regional or local water availability, as an increased water demand for irrigation would put further pressure on already water-scarce regions and compete with other users. By applying an environmentally extended multiregional input-output (MRIO) approach, we uncover the scarce water footprint and the interregional virtual water flows associated with sugarcane-derived biofuel production driven by domestic final consumption and international exports in 27 states in Brazil. Our results show that bio-ethanol is responsible for about one third of the total sugarcane water footprint besides sugar and other processed food production. We found that richer states such as São Paulo benefit by accruing a higher share of economic value added from exporting ethanol as part of global value chains while increasing water stress in poorer states through interregional trade. We also found that, in comparison with other crops, sugarcane has a comparative advantage when rainfed while showing a comparative disadvantage as an irrigated crop; a tradeoff to be considered when planning irrigation infrastructure and bioethanol production expansion.
Computing Nash Equilibrium in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: A Simulation-Based Approach
Creators: name: Bulychev, Peter
name: David, Alexandre
name: Larsen, Kim G.
name: Legay, Axel
name: Mikučionis, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper studies the problem of computing Nash equilibrium in wireless networks modeled by Weighted Timed Automata. Such formalism comes together with a logic that can be used to describe complex features such as timed energy constraints. Our contribution is a method for solving this problem using Statistical Model Checking. The method has been implemented in UPPAAL model checker and has been applied to the analysis of Aloha CSMA/CD and IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA protocols.
description: In Proceedings IWIGP 2012, arXiv:1202.4229
Additional file 15 of Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to B. thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots
Creators: name: Coates, Brad S.
name: Deleury, Emeline
name: Gassmann, Aaron J.
name: Hibbard, Bruce E.
name: Meinke, Lance J.
name: Miller, Nicholas J.
name: Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer
name: French, B. Wade
name: Sappington, Thomas W.
name: Siegfried, Blair D.
name: Guillemaud, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 15: Supplementary Fig. S6. Multiple protein sequence alignment for B-cell-lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X (BAX) inhibitor (BI) proteins (BI) and Lifeguard 4-like (LFG4) orthologs.
Geochemical and Isotopic Investigations of Lake Sediments From the Athabasca Oil Sands Region
Creators: name: Stanners, Fiona Mary
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: lake sediments
subject: stable isotopes
subject: Limnology
subject: rock-eval
subject: organic petrology

description: The Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) is one of the largest unconventional oil reserves globally, and is projected to become increasingly important as conventional oil resources are depleted. This has lead to increasing concerns about the impact of industrial emissions on surrounding ecosystems. Four sediment cores from three lakes in northeastern Alberta and northwestern Saskatchewan were analyzed to assess the type and quantity of organic matter (OM) in sediments, and whether there had been any impact from industrial emissions originating in the AOSR on lake sediment geochemistry. Analyses showed that sediments in all three lakes are organic-rich, and the OM is dominantly derived from authochthonous primary production of phytoplankton and bacteria. Stable N and S isotope analyses of sediments, deposited between 1850 and 2010 showed no clear impact from industrial emissions in the AOSR.
Crystal Engineering for Mechanical Strength at Nano-Scale Dimensions
Creators: name: Armstrong, Ronald W.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: crystal (grain) size
nanomaterials
mechanical strength
Hall-Petch relation
dislocation pile-ups
patented steel wire
non-ferrous materials
nano-twinned material
superalloys
composites
strain rate sensitivity

description: The mechanical strengths of nano-scale individual crystal or nanopolycrystalline metals, and other dimensionally-related materials are increased by an order of magnitude or more as compared to those values measured at conventional crystal or polycrystal grain dimensions. An explanation for the result is attributed to the constraint provided at the surface of the crystals or, more importantly, at interfacial boundaries within or between crystals. The effect is most often described in terms either of two size dependencies: an inverse dependence on crystal size because of single dislocation behavior or, within a polycrystalline material, in terms of a reciprocal square root of grain size dependence, designated as a Hall-Petch relationship for the researchers first pointing to the effect for steel and who provided an enduring dislocation pile-up interpretation for the relationship. The current report provides an updated description of such strength properties for iron and steel materials, and describes applications of the relationship to a wider range of materials, including non-ferrous metals, nano-twinned, polyphase, and composite materials. At limiting small nm grain sizes, there is a generally minor strength reversal that is accompanied by an additional order-of-magnitude elevation of an increased strength dependence on deformation rate, thus giving an important emphasis to the strain rate sensitivity property of materials at nano-scale dimensions.
Exposure to residential air pollution and physician diagnosis of otitis media during the first two years of life in British Columbia, Canada
Creators: name: MacIntyre, Elaina Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Otitis media is the leading reason children visit their doctor or consume antibiotics. It has been postulated that ambient air pollution is a risk factor for otitis, based on the known association with environmental tobacco smoke and a number of recent studies. This research utilized administrative data to identify and follow a population-based birth cohort of 59,917 children, born during 1999-2000 in southwestern British Columbia. The incidence and recurrence of otitis media was characterized during the first three years of life and available information on risk factors were assessed. Air pollution exposures (CO, NO, NO₂, O₃, PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, SO₂, black carbon, woodsmoke, point source and road proximity) were estimated for the first 24 months of life using ambient monitoring data, temporally adjusted land use regression models and proximity measures; and assigned to children based on residential postal code. The relationship between physician visits for otitis media and 2-month average pollutant exposures was assessed longitudinally. Finally, the economic burden of otitis media attributable to air pollution was calculated using data from the universal healthcare system and estimates from the literature. Otitis media incidence was relatively low (42% at 2years; 49% at 3years) compared with previous studies and peaked in the winter and at 8-10 months of age. Male gender, First Nations status and low socio-economic status were identified as strong risk factors for otitis media in this population. In analyses that included air pollution, CO, NO, NO₂ and woodsmoke were independent risk factors before seasonal adjustment; and NO, PM₂.₅ and woodsmoke were independent risk factors after seasonal adjustment. For this population, the cost of otitis media attributable to woodsmoke was valued at (2003) $420,464. Associations were found between otitis media and some air pollutants in a large birth cohort with relatively low ambient air pollution exposure. Null or protective associations (SO₂, O₃, black carbon) may be partially explained by temporal and spatial correlations between pollutants and otitis media. If the associations observed in this study are causal, the substantial economic burden attributable to air pollution suggests that it be considered a modifiable risk factor for this important childhood disease.
Pembelajaran Daring Pada msa Pandemi Covid 19 di Lingkungan Pesantren
Creators: name: Murtadlo, Muhamad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Pandemi Covid 19
Pembelajaran Daring
Pesantren

description: Bagian Buku berjudul: Manajemen Pendidikan: Strategi Peningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran di Era New Normal
Land Use, Climate, and Water Resources—Global Stages of Interaction
Creators: name: Kaushal, Sujay S.
name: Gold, Arthur J.
name: Mayer, Paul M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: land use
climate
urbanization
agriculture
dams
stream burial
urban evolution
salinization
Anthropocene
stream restoration
best management practices
models

description: Land use and climate change can accelerate the depletion of freshwater resources that support humans and ecosystem services on a global scale. Here, we briefly review studies from around the world, and highlight those in this special issue. We identify stages that characterize increasing interaction between land use and climate change. During the first stage, hydrologic modifications and the built environment amplify overland flow via processes associated with runoff-dominated ecosystems (e.g., soil compaction, impervious surface cover, drainage, and channelization). During the second stage, changes in water storage impact the capacity of ecosystems to buffer extremes in water quantity and quality (e.g., either losses in snowpack, wetlands, and groundwater recharge or gains in water and nutrient storage behind dams in reservoirs). During the third stage, extremes in water quantity and quality contribute to losses in ecosystem services and water security (e.g., clean drinking water, flood mitigation, and habitat availability). During the final stage, management and restoration strategies attempt to regain lost ecosystem structure, function, and services but need to adapt to climate change. By anticipating the increasing interaction between land use and climate change, intervention points can be identified, and management strategies can be adjusted to improve outcomes for realistic expectations. Overall, global water security cannot be adequately restored without considering an increasing interaction between land use and climate change across progressive stages and our ever-increasing human domination of the water cycle from degradation to ecosystem restoration.
Additional file 16 of Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to B. thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots
Creators: name: Coates, Brad S.
name: Deleury, Emeline
name: Gassmann, Aaron J.
name: Hibbard, Bruce E.
name: Meinke, Lance J.
name: Miller, Nicholas J.
name: Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer
name: French, B. Wade
name: Sappington, Thomas W.
name: Siegfried, Blair D.
name: Guillemaud, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 16: Supplementary Fig. S7. Orthology of stress-induced endoplasmic reticulum protein 2 (SERP2) encoded by the differentially expressed transcript DIAVI057195 in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera larvae exposed to Cry3Bb1 and Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1.
Role of isospin degree of freedom on N/Z dependence of participant-spectator matter
Creators: name: Gautam, Sakshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the N/Z dependence of participant-spectator matter for Ca+Ca reactions at 50 and 250MeV/nucleon. We also study the role of symmetry energy and momentum-dependent interactions on the N/Z dependence of participant-spectator matter.
description: submitted to DAE Symposium on Nuclear Physics, December 26-30, 2011, Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, A.P., India
Electronic Transport in Metallic Systems and Generalized Kinetic Equations
Creators: name: Kuzemsky, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reviews some selected approaches to the description of transport properties, mainly electroconductivity, in crystalline and disordered metallic systems. A detailed qualitative theoretical formulation of the electron transport processes in metallic systems within a model approach is given. Generalized kinetic equations which were derived by the method of the nonequilibrium statistical operator are used. Tight-binding picture and modified tight-binding approximation (MTBA) were used for describing the electron subsystem and the electron-lattice interaction correspondingly. The low- and high-temperature behavior of the resistivity was discussed in detail. The main objects of discussion are nonmagnetic (or paramagnetic) transition metals and their disordered alloys. The choice of topics and the emphasis on concepts and model approach makes it a good method for a better understanding of the electrical conductivity of the transition metals and their disordered binary substitutional alloys, but the formalism developed can be applied (with suitable modification), in principle, to other systems. The approach we used and the results obtained complements the existent theories of the electrical conductivity in metallic systems. The present study extends the standard theoretical format and calculation procedures in the theories of electron transport in solids.
description: 100 pages, 3 figures, Refs.375
Many-body wavefunctions for quantum impurities out of equilibrium
Creators: name: Culver, Adrian
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: We present a new method for calculating the time-dependent many-body wavefunction that follows a local quench. We use the method to find the exact wavefunction of several quantum impurity models, focusing mainly on the nonequilibrium Kondo model driven by a bias voltage. The Bethe ansatz is not used, and integrability does not appear to play any role. We show that the long time limit (with the system size taken to infinity first) of the time-evolving wavefunction is a current-carrying nonequilibrium steady state, which we can also find directly with our method. We evaluate the steady state current in the regimes of strong and weak coupling, finding a new universal regime of emph{strong ferromagnetic} coupling with Kondo temperature $T_K = D e^{-frac{3pi^2}{8} ho |J|} (J<0, ho|J|oinfty). In this regime, the differential conductance dI/dV reaches the unitarity limit 2e^2/h asymptotically at emph{large} voltage or temperature.
The Central Role of Collaborative Planning in Shaping the Future of the Metropolis: An Evaluation of Collective Decision Making in the Calgary Metropolitan Region
Creators: name: Almujhairy, Anas
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Urban and Regional Planning
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: Metropolitan Planning
subject: Regional Governance
subject: Calgary Metropolitan Region

description: In this research I evaluated the role of collaboration in regional planning in the Calgary Metropolitan Region (CMR), one of largest and fastest growing metropolitan regions in North America. The CMR has a long tradition of regional planning, dating back to 1951, throughout which collaboration has been seen as a key tool to achieve integrated economic development, efficient water management, and sustainable urban growth. Despite these anticipated outcomes, the CMR has failed to develop effective collaborative planning processes to shape its future. Understanding the regional planning practices undertaken by the Calgary Regional Planning Commission (CRPC) from 1951–1995 is critical to evaluating the current planning practices utilized by the Calgary Regional Partnership (CRP). Therefore, an evaluative framework was developed to analyze the actions and planning processes used by both organizations within their different historical contexts. The evaluation factors were organized and collected from three important sources: the literature on collaborative planning and metropolitan governance, the practices of regional planning in Calgary, and multiple case studies of regional collaboration in metropolitan regions across North America and Europe. I found that evaluation factors related to organizational capacity and leadership, communication and dialogical processes, and regional identity strongly affect the success or failure of collaborative planning in metropolitan regions. The CRPC did not develop these functions adequately, and as a result, conflicts rooted in differences in interests and values between urban and rural municipalities within the CMR arose. These conflicts eventually lead to the abolition of the CRPC in 1995. Following this, critical issues, such as urban sprawl, water scarcity, and imbalanced development predominated planning discourse. Municipalities in the CMR established the CRP as a voluntary organization to coordinate regional development. The CRP made significant improvements to its regional planning approach. However, there are still challenges to be addressed regarding organization, communicative action, and regional identity if the CRP’s collaborative planning approach is to result in consensus around the Calgary Metropolitan Plan. After examining the socio-economic and political circumstances that helped shape the region, I offer recommendations to improve planning processes in the CMR.
POD-mode-augmented wall model and its applications to flows at non-equilibrium conditions
Creators: name: Hansen, Christoffer
name: Yang, Xiang IA
name: Abkar, Mahdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Insights gained from modal analysis are invoked for predictive large-eddy simulation (LES) wall modeling. Specifically, we augment the law of the wall (LoW) by an additional mode based on a one-dimensional proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) applied to a 2D turbulent channel. The constructed wall model contains two modes, i.e., the LoW mode and the POD-based mode, and the model matches with the LES at two, instead of one, off-wall locations. To show that the proposed model captures non-equilibrium effects, we perform a-priori and a-posteriori tests in the context of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium flows. The a-priori tests show that the proposed wall model captures extreme wall-shear stress events better than the equilibrium wall model. The model also captures non-equilibrium effects due to adverse pressure gradients. The a-posteriori tests show that the wall model captures the rapid decrease and the initial decrease of the streamwise wall-shear stress in channels subjected to suddenly imposed adverse and transverse pressure gradients, respectively, both of which are missed by currently available wall models. These results show promise in applying modal analysis for turbulence wall modeling. In particular, the results show that employing multiple modes helps in the modeling of non-equilibrium flows.
New white dwarfs in the Hyades --Results from kinematic and photometric studies
Creators: name: Schilbach, Elena
name: Roeser, Siegfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of the PPMXL catalogue (Röser, Demleitner & Schilbach, 2010) we searched for white dwarfs that are also member candidates of the Hyades in a region up to 40 pc from the cluster centre. We use the proper motions from PPMXL in the convergent point method to determine probable kinematic members. We cross-match the kinematic candidates with catalogues containing white dwarfs and, finally, check the kinematic with the photometric distances for consistency. We find the 10 classical white dwarfs in the Hyades and determine their individual kinematic distances. Additionally, we identified 17 new probable (former) Hyades white dwarfs, i.e. white dwarfs co-moving with the bulk space motion of the Hyades cluster. At present, none of them can be excluded from membership on the basis of the measured radial velocities. For another 10 objects, the kinematic and the photometric distances are discordant which rates them as probable non-members. Among the probable members, five white dwarfs are in binary systems, three are known, two are new. There is good indication for an empirical magnitude-distance (from centre) relation, such that the dimmer white dwarfs are farther away from the cluster centre than the brighter ones. Our sample is getting incomplete close behind the centre of the cluster. Follow-up observations are encouraged to independently confirm the predicted radial velocities and the distances of the candidates.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Astronomy & Astrophysics (accepted)
Curvilinear object segmentation in medical images based on ODoS filter and deep learning network
Creators: name: Peng, Yuanyuan
name: Pan, Lin
name: Luan, Pengpeng
name: Tu, Hongbin
name: Li, Xiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic segmentation of curvilinear objects in medical images plays an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of human diseases, yet it is a challenging uncertainty in the complex segmentation tasks due to different issues such as various image appearances, low contrast between curvilinear objects and their surrounding backgrounds, thin and uneven curvilinear structures, and improper background illumination conditions. To overcome these challenges, we present a unique curvilinear structure segmentation framework based on an oriented derivative of stick (ODoS) filter and a deep learning network for curvilinear object segmentation in medical images. Currently, a large number of deep learning models emphasize developing deep architectures and ignore capturing the structural features of curvilinear objects, which may lead to unsatisfactory results. Consequently, a new approach that incorporates an ODoS filter as part of a deep learning network is presented to improve the spatial attention of curvilinear objects. Specifically, the input image is transfered into four-channel image constructed by the ODoS filter. In which, the original image is considered the principal part to describe various image appearance and complex background illumination conditions, a multi-step strategy is used to enhance the contrast between curvilinear objects and their surrounding backgrounds, and a vector field is applied to discriminate thin and uneven curvilinear structures. Subsequently, a deep learning framework is employed to extract various structural features for curvilinear object segmentation in medical images. The performance of the computational model is validated in experiments conducted on the publicly available DRIVE, STARE and CHASEDB1 datasets. The experimental results indicate that the presented model yields surprising results compared with those of some state-of-the-art methods.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures. Applied Intelligence, 2023
Assessment of MODIS BRDF/Albedo Model Parameters (MCD43A1 Collection 6) for Directional Reflectance Retrieval
Creators: name: Che, Xianghong
name: Feng, Min
name: Sexton, Joseph O.
name: Channan, Saurabh
name: Yang, Yaping
name: Sun, Qing
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: directional reflectance
BRDF correction
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
MCD43A1

description: Measurements of solar radiation reflected from Earth’s surface are the basis for calculating albedo, vegetation indices, and other terrestrial attributes. However, the “bi-directional” geometry of illumination and viewing (i.e., the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)) impacts reflectance and all variables derived or estimated based on these data. The recently released MODIS BRDF/Albedo Model Parameters (MCD43A1 Collection 6) dataset enables retrieval of directional reflectance at arbitrary solar and viewing angles, potentially increasing precision and comparability of data collected under different illumination and observation geometries. We quantified the ability of MCD43A1 Collection 6 for retrieving directional reflectance and compared the daily Collection 6 retrievals to those of MCD43A1 Collection 5, which are retrieved on an eight-day basis. Correcting MODIS-based estimates of surface reflectance from the illumination and viewing geometry of the Terra satellite (MOD09GA) to that of the MODIS Aqua (MYD09GA) overpass, as well as MCD43A4 Collection 6 and Landsat-5 TM images show that the BRDF correction of MCD43A1 Collection 6 results in greater consistency among datasets, with higher R2 (0.63–0.955), regression slopes closer to unity (0.718–0.955), lower root mean squared difference (RMSD) (0.422–3.142), and lower mean absolute error (MAE) (0.282–1.735) compared to the Collection 5 data. Smaller levels of noise (observed as high-frequency variability within the time series) in MCD43A1 Collection 6 in comparison to Collection 5 corroborates the improvement of BRDF parameters time series. These results corroborates that the daily MCD43A1 Collection 6 product represents the anisotropy of surface features and results in more precise directional reflectance derivation at any solar and viewing geometry than did the previous Collection 5.
New Paradigms in Magnetic Recording
Creators: name: Plumer, M. L.
name: van Ek, J.
name: Cain, W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic hard disc drive industry continues to face serious challenges in its quest for ever decreasing bit size. This review summarizes recent advances and promising new technology which have foundations in fundamental physical principles. Some advantages of these new ideas are illustrated through micromagnetic modeling and the numerous challenges associated with their implementation are highlighted.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Multipass Target Search in Natural Environments
Creators: name: Kuhlman, Michael J.
name: Otte, Michael W.
name: Sofge, Donald
name: Gupta, Satyandra K.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: path planning
information gathering
branch and bound
target search
coverage planning

description: Consider a disaster scenario where search and rescue workers must search difficult to access buildings during an earthquake or flood. Often, finding survivors a few hours sooner results in a dramatic increase in saved lives, suggesting the use of drones for expedient rescue operations. Entropy can be used to quantify the generation and resolution of uncertainty. When searching for targets, maximizing mutual information of future sensor observations will minimize expected target location uncertainty by minimizing the entropy of the future estimate. Motion planning for multi-target autonomous search requires planning over an area with an imperfect sensor and may require multiple passes, which is hindered by the submodularity property of mutual information. Further, mission duration constraints must be handled accordingly, requiring consideration of the vehicle’s dynamics to generate feasible trajectories and must plan trajectories spanning the entire mission duration, something which most information gathering algorithms are incapable of doing. If unanticipated changes occur in an uncertain environment, new plans must be generated quickly. In addition, planning multipass trajectories requires evaluating path dependent rewards, requiring planning in the space of all previously selected actions, compounding the problem. We present an anytime algorithm for autonomous multipass target search in natural environments. The algorithm is capable of generating long duration dynamically feasible multipass coverage plans that maximize mutual information using a variety of techniques such as 𝜖-admissible heuristics to speed up the search. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first attempt at efficiently solving multipass target search problems of such long duration. The proposed algorithm is based on best first branch and bound and is benchmarked against state of the art algorithms adapted to the problem in natural Simplex environments, gathering the most information in the given search time.
Additional file 1 of Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to B. thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots
Creators: name: Coates, Brad S.
name: Deleury, Emeline
name: Gassmann, Aaron J.
name: Hibbard, Bruce E.
name: Meinke, Lance J.
name: Miller, Nicholas J.
name: Petzold-Maxwell, Jennifer
name: French, B. Wade
name: Sappington, Thomas W.
name: Siegfried, Blair D.
name: Guillemaud, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1.. Trimmed reads obtained from Illumina sequencing libraries.
Interference of Apoptosis by Hepatitis B Virus
Creators: name: Lin, Shaoli
name: Zhang, Yan-Jin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: hepatitis B virus (HBV)
apoptosis
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
X protein

description: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver diseases that have been a consistent problem for human health, leading to more than one million deaths every year worldwide. A large proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases across the world are closely associated with chronic HBV infection. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death and is frequently altered in cancer development. HBV infection interferes with the apoptosis signaling to promote HCC progression and viral proliferation. The HBV-mediated alteration of apoptosis is achieved via interference with cellular signaling pathways and regulation of epigenetics. HBV X protein (HBX) plays a major role in the interference of apoptosis. There are conflicting reports on the HBV interference of apoptosis with the majority showing inhibition of and the rest reporting induction of apoptosis. In this review, we described recent studies on the mechanisms of the HBV interference with the apoptosis signaling during the virus infection and provided perspective.
Two-scale analysis and design of spaceframes with complex additive manufactured nodes
Creators: name: Oztoprak, Oguz
name: Paolini, Alexander
name: D'Acunto, Pierluigi
name: Rank, Ernst
name: Kollmannsberger, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) technology have allowed for the production of geometrically complex parts with customizable designs. This versatility benefits large-scale space-frame structures, as the individual design of each structural node can be tailored to meet specific mechanical and other functional requirements. To this end, however, the design and analysis of such space-frames with distinct structural nodes needs to be highly automated. A critical aspect in this context is automated integration of the local 3D features into the 1D large-scale models. In the present work, a two-scale modeling approach is developed to improve the design and linear-elastic analysis of space frames with complex additively manufactured nodes. The mechanical characteristics of the 3D nodes are numerically reduced through an automated dimensional reduction process based on the Finite Cell Method (FCM) and substructuring. The reduced stiffness quantities are assembled in the large-scale 1D model which, in turn, enables efficient structural analysis. The response of the 1D model is passed on to the local model, enabling fully resolved 3D linear-elastic analysis. The proposed approach is numerically verified on a simplified beam example. Furthermore, the workflow is demonstrated on a tree canopy structure with additively manufactured nodes with bolted connections. The form of the large-scale structure is found based on the Combinatorial Equilibrium Modeling framework, and the different designs of the local structural nodes are based on generative exploration of the design space. It is demonstrated that the proposed methodology effectively automates the design and analysis of space-frame structures with complex, distinct structural nodes.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures
A Study of the Oklahoma City Urban Heat Island Effect Using a WRF/Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model, a Joint Urban 2003 Field Campaign, and MODIS Satellite Observations
Creators: name: Zhang, Hengyue
name: Jin, Menglin S.
name: Leach, Martin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: urban heat island effect
regional model simulation
satellite remote sensing
field experiment

description: The urban heat island effect (UHI) for inner land regions was investigated using satellite data, ground observations, and simulations with an Single-Layer Urban Canopy Parameterization (SLUCP) coupled into the regional Weather Research Forecasting model (WRF, http://wrf-model.org/index.php). Specifically, using the satellite-observed surface skin temperatures (Tskin), the intensity of the UHI was first compared for two inland cities (Xi’an City, China, and Oklahoma City (OKC)), which have different city populations and building densities. The larger population density and larger building density in Xi’an lead to a stronger skin-level UHI by 2 °C. However, the ground observed 2 m surface air temperature (Tair) observations showed an urban cooling island effect (UCI) over the downtown region in OKC during the daytime of 19 July 2003, from a DOE field campaign (Joint Urban 2003). To understand this contrast between satellite-based Tskin and ground-based Tair, a sensitivity study using WRF/SLUCP was analyzed. The model reproduced a UCI in OKC. Furthermore, WRF/Noah/SLUCM simulations were also compared with the Joint Urban 2003 ground observations, including wind speeds, wind directions, and energy fluxes. Although the WRF/SLUCM model failed to simulate these variables accurately, it reproduced the diurnal variations of surface temperatures, wind speeds, wind directions, and energy fluxes reasonably well.
Level statistics for quantum $k$-core percolation
Creators: name: Cao, L.
name: Schwarz, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum $k$-core percolation is the study of quantum transport on $k$-core percolation clusters where each occupied bond must have at least $k$ occupied neighboring bonds. As the bond occupation probability, $p$, is increased from zero to unity, the system undergoes a transition from an insulating phase to a metallic phase. When the lengthscale for the disorder, $l_d$, is much greater than the coherence length, $l_c$, earlier analytical calculations of quantum conduction on the Bethe lattice demonstrate that for $k=3$ the metal-insulator transition (MIT) is discontinuous, suggesting a new universality class of disorder-driven quantum MITs. Here, we numerically compute the level spacing distribution as a function of bond occupation probability $p$ and system size on a Bethe-like lattice. The level spacing analysis suggests that for $k=0$, $p_q$, the quantum percolation critical probability, is greater than $p_c$, the geometrical percolation critical probability, and the transition is continuous. In contrast, for $k=3$, $p_q=p_c$ and the transition is discontinuous such that these numerical findings are consistent with our previous work to reiterate a new universality class of disorder-driven quantum MITs.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures