Discobola annulata
Creators: name: Podenas, Sigitas
name: Byun, Hye-Woo
name: Kim, Sam-Kyu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Limoniidae
Discobola
Discobola annulata

description: Discobola annulata (Linnaeus, 1758)   
 Tipula annulata Linnaeus, 1758: 586.   
 Limnobia annulata Osten Sacken, 1857: 90.   
 Discobola annulata Osten Sacken, 1865: 226; Kuntze, 1920: 372, 422; Pierre, 1924: 70; Alexander, 1924: 538; Lackschewitz and Pagast, 1942: 52; Savchenko, 1985: 48.   
 Limonia (Discobola) annulata Edwards, 1938: 24; Coe, 1950: 24; Alexander, 1966: 309; Starý, 1974: 14.   
 Trichobola annulata Osten Sacken, 1869: 97.   
 Limonia argus Say, 1824: 358.   
 Trochobola argus Osten Sacken, 1869: 98.   
 Limnobia imperialis Loew, 1851: 403.   
General body color yellowish­greenish brown, semi­polished, covered with sparse grayish pruinosity. Body length of male 6.8­8.6 mm, female 7.2­8.3 mm. Wing length of male 9.4­11.1 mm, female 9.0­ 10.4 mm.  
Head dark brown, covered with gray pruinosity and erect brown setae. Vertex narrow in both sexes, gray because of pruinosity. Eyes large, nearly reaching each other on ventral side of head. Length of male antennae 1.65 mm, length of female antennae 1.7 mm. Antenna brown. Scape dark brown, pedicel somewhat lighter. Flagellum 12­segmented, dark brown basally, getting somewhat lighter distally. Flagellomeres with distinct apical pedicels, which are distinctly lighter than flagellomeres themselves, yellowish. Basal flagellomeres oval, distal flagellomeres elongate, distal flagellomere longer than preceding segment. Verticils slightly longer than respective segments. Short pubescence, covering segments sparse, whitish, denser on ventral side. Rostrum brown to dark brown. Palpus brown, covered with erect brown setae. Labella same color as rostrum.  
 Thorax generally light brown. Pronotum yellow dorsally (greenish yellow in alive specimens) with brown lateral margin. Prescutum yellowish brown with brown median longitudinal line and wide lateral spot, which looks like extension of lateral line of pronotum. Scutal lobe brown. Pleura brownish. Wing (Fig. 2A) yellowish, especially costal area. Wing pattern composed of brown concentric spots at wing base, around both ends of radial sector, basal deflection of  CuA 1 , tip of  A 1  and around additional cross vein in central part of cell  a 1 . Small dot­like spots, that are characteristic for other species, are missing. Savchenko (1985) emphasizes, that clear spotless central part of median cell is one of the most characteristic features of that species. Wing pattern slightly varies between specimens. Stigma dark brown. Veins brownish. Wing venation: vein Sc long,  Sc 1  ending slightly beyond branching point of radial sector;  Sc 2  opposite branching point of Rs; Rs long, distinctly arched at base;  R 2  some distance from  R 1  tip, cell  r 3  long and narrow, slightly widened distally and because of that distal end of cell r  4 + 5  slightly narrowed; cross­vein r­m short; discal cell elongate, three times as long as wide; basal deflection of  CuA 1  slightly beyond base of discal cell; first anal vein nearly straight, second anal vein slightly arched at apex; additional cross­vein approximately in the middle of cell  a 1 , not far from tip of  A 2 ; anal lobe long, medium wide. Halter brown with pale basal part, distal part of knob yellow or reddish yellow. Male halter 1.50­1.70 mm, that of female 1.55­1.70 mm long. Fore coxa light brown with darkened frontal face and yellowish ventral part; middle coxa light brown, ventrally yellow; posterior coxa entirely yellow. Trochanter yellow, with narrowly blackened distal margin. Femur yellow or light brown with wide, distinct, brown subapical ring, distal part beyond ring yellow. Tibia brownish yellow with narrowly darkened apex. Two basal tarsomeres yellow, three distal segments brown to dark brown. Legs covered with short, adherent, brown setae. Male femur I: 8.0­ 8.1 mm, III: 8.7 mm, tibiae I: 9.8­10.5 mm, III: 9.8 mm, tarsus I: 10.6 mm, III: 7.4 mm long. Female femur I: 7.1 mm long, II: 7.0­ 7.5 mm, III: 7.4­7.9 mm; tibiae I: 8.8 mm, II: 8.3 mm, III: 8.6 mm; tarsus II: 7.6 mm, III: 6.7 mm long. Claw brown, with single subbasal spine in both sexes.   
Abdomen brownish. Basal tergite greenish yellow, remaining tergites greenish yellow at base, but yellow area gets narrower on tergites closer to distal end of abdomen. Greenish color disappears in specimens collected long time ago. Darkened posterior margins of segments make complete rings on male abdomen. Coloration of female abdomen more variable than in male, often it has large yellow spots at basal part of sternites, sometimes yellow area covers nearly whole sternite, just posterior margin remains brown, but in other cases, yellow spots are missing and ventral part of abdomen is nearly entirely brown, except just two basal segments with yellowish basal spots. Distal segments dark brown. Female abdomen with less distinct rings, caudal segments not so dark as in male. Male genitalia (Fig. 2C) brownish yellow, except dark brown ninth tergite. Posterior margin of tergite with wide median emargination. Gonocoxite elongate with large setose ventro­mesal lobe, which is rounded at apex. Gonostyles subterminal. Outer gonostylus narrow, rod­shaped, strongly sclerotised, darkened towards apex and slightly arched. Inner gonostylus rounded with large darkened elongate rostral prolongation, situated approximately at the middle of mesal margin. Rostral spines, which look more like transparent curved rod­shaped elongations, on meso­posterior margin of gonostylus, slightly above rostral prolongation. Postero­lateral margins of paramere extended, spine­shaped. Penis simple, long and narrow. Ovipositor (Fig. 2D) brownish yellow. Cercus short with slightly upwards turned apex. Vaginal apodeme extended into long structure, that is very wide at base, turning narrow at apex. It reaches slightly beyond base of cercus in resting position. Hypovalvae large, basal part distinctly dark brown, tip reaching to about four­fifth of cercus.  
Elevation range in Korea. This species is known to occur at altitudes from 800 m to over 1800 m.  
Period of activity. Adults in Korea were collected from late July through middle of September.  
Habitat. The species was found on steep wet slopes of small river, covered with deciduous trees and shrubs.  
General distribution. The species is widely distributed in West and East Palearctic, Oriental Region, North America and Pacific islands.  
Examined materials (10B): 1$ (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, altitude 6000 ft., 1940.07.23, coll. Yankovsky; 1♂ (pinned) (USNM), [S.] Korea, #37, Hill 1468, 16 mi. NW Chunchon, N38.00000, E127.50000, altitude 4300 ft., 1954.09.16, George W. Byers (KU); 1$ (pinned), [S.] Korea, #38, Hill 1468, 16 mi. NW Chunchon, N38.00000, E127.50000, altitude 4300 ft., 1954. 09.17, George W. Byers (KU); 1♂ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gyeonggi­do, Gapyeong­gun, Buk­myeon, Hwaak­ri, N37.99363, E127.52102, alt. 810 m, 2014.08.20, coll. S. Kim and S. Podenas (NIBR).
description: Published as part of Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2015, Limoniinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) new to Korea, pp. 61-96 in Journal of Species Research 4 (2) on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2015.4.2.061, http://zenodo.org/record/13143439