cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radiation hardness of small-pitch 3D pixel sensors up to a fluence of $3\times10^{16}$ n$_{\mathrm{eq}}$/cm$^2$
Creators: name: Lange, J.
name: Giannini, G.
name: Grinstein, S.
name: Manna, M.
name: Pellegrini, G.
name: Quirion, D.
name: Terzo, S.
name: Furelos, D. Vázquez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small-pitch 3D silicon pixel detectors have been investigated as radiation-hard candidates for the innermost layers of the HL-LHC pixel detector upgrades. Prototype 3D sensors with pixel sizes of 50$\times$50 and 25$\times$100 $μ$m$^{2}$ connected to the existing ATLAS FE-I4 readout chip have been produced by CNM Barcelona. Irradiations up to particle fluences of $3\times10^{16}$ n$_{\mathrm{eq}}$/cm$^2$, beyond the full expected HL-LHC fluences at the end of lifetime, have been carried out at Karlsruhe and CERN. The performance of the 50$\times$50 $μ$m$^{2}$ devices has been measured in the laboratory and beam tests at CERN SPS. A high charge collected and a high hit efficiency of 98% were found up to the highest fluence. The bias voltage to reach the target efficiency of 97% at perpendicular beam incidence was found to be about 100 V at $1.4\times10^{16}$ n$_{\mathrm{eq}}$/cm$^2$ and 150 V at $2.8\times10^{16}$ n$_{\mathrm{eq}}$/cm$^2$, significantly lower than for the previous IBL 3D generation with larger inter-electrode distance and than for planar sensors. The power dissipation at -25$^{\circ}$C and $1.4\times10^{16}$ n$_{\mathrm{eq}}$/cm$^2$ was found to be 13 mW/cm$^2$. Hence, 3D pixel detectors demonstrated superior radiation hardness and were chosen as the baseline for the inner layer of the ATLAS HL-LHC pixel detector upgrade.
description: 21 pages
title: Hat der Mindestlohn in der Wahrnehmung der Befragten zu mehr Lohngerechtigkeit geführt? Eine qualitative Untersuchung im Auftrag des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP)
Creators: name: Heiden, Marleen Von Der
name: Himmelreicher, Ralf
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 11004 Income Policy, Property Policy, Wage Policy
subject: wage difference
subject: low wage
subject: minimum wage
subject: justice
subject: Federal Republic of Germany

description: Nach objektiven Indikatoren hat sich in den letzten Jahren bei vielen Menschen in Deutschland eine Steigerung der Lebensqualität eingestellt. Doch wie sieht es bei der Betrachtung subjektiver Indikatoren aus? Hat die Einführung des Mindestlohns als absoluter Lohnuntergrenze zu mehr Lohngerechtigkeit geführt? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden im Auftrag der SOEP-Gruppe des DIW Berlin im Sommer 2015 durch Infratest Sozialforschung Fokusgruppen-Interviews durchgeführt, an denen 31 Personen teilgenommen haben. Die Zielpopulation bestand aus nicht Erwerbstätigen und im Niedriglohnbereich Beschäftigten in Berlin, Leipzig und München. Unter Berücksichtigung der Arbeitsmarktsituation der Teilnehmenden geht es vor allem darum herauszufinden, ob sie ihre eigene Entlohnung als gerecht einschätzen. In einem zweiten Schritt wird nach der Eignung des Mindestlohns als Instrument zur Herstellung von Lohngerechtigkeit gefragt. Schließlich geht es um die Erfahrungen der Befragten mit der Durchsetzung des Mindestlohns. Die Auswertung zeigt zunächst, dass Befragte ihre Arbeitsmarktsituation oftmals als perspektivlos einschätzen. Vor allem ältere Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer sowie jene, die Kinder oder Angehörige betreuen oder gesundheitliche Probleme haben, fühlen sich am Arbeitsmarkt ungerecht behandelt. Wegen diesen Beschäftigungshemmnissen können sie oft nur wenige Stunden arbeiten oder gehen derzeit keiner Erwerbstätigkeit nach. Als positiv empfunden wird, dass der Mindestlohn das Einkommen für Geringverdiener erhöht, Lohndumping und Ausbeutung verhindern und für mehr Wertschätzung am Arbeitsplatz stehen kann. Die Befragten äußern jedoch die Befürchtung, dass durch den Mindestlohn Arbeitsplätze verloren gehen. Zudem würden Arbeitgeber die Ausnahmeregelungen als "Schlupflöcher" nutzen, um den Mindestlohn zu umgehen. Außerdem besteht die Wahrnehmung, dass der Mindestlohn durch Arbeitszeitverkürzung und mit "Tricks" umgangen wird.
description: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen: Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018
ROSAT and ASCA Observations of X-ray Luminous starburst Galaxies : NGC3310 and NGC3690
Creators: name: Zezas, A. L.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
name: Ward, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ROSAT (HRI and PSPC) and ASCA observations of the two luminous (L_x ~10^{41-42} erg s^{-1}) star-forming galaxies NGC3310 and NGC3690. The HRI shows clearly that the sources are extended with the X-ray emission in NGC3690 coming from at least three regions. The combined 0.1-10 keV spectrum of NGC3310 can be described by two components, a Raymond-Smith plasma with temperature kT=0.81^{+0.09}_{-0.12} keV and a hard power-law, Gamma=1.44^{+0.20}_{-0.11}, (or alternatively a harder Raymond-Smith plasma with kT ~15 keV), while there is no substantial excess absorption above the Galactic. The soft component emission is probably due to a super-wind while the nature of the hard emission is more uncertain with likely origins, X-ray binaries, inverse Compton scattering of IR photons, an AGN or a very hot gas component (~10^8 K). The spectrum of NGC3690 is similar, with kT=0.83^{+0.02}_{-0.04} keV and Gamma=1.56^{+0.11}_{-0.11}. We also employ more complicated models such as a multi-temperature thermal plasma, a non-equilibrium ionization code or the addition of a third softer component which improve the fit but not at a statistically significant level (<2sigma). These results are similar to recent results on the archetypal star-forming galaxies M82 and NGC253.
description: Latex, 11 pages, 1 landascape table, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Simia sphinx Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Atelidae
Simia
Simia sphinx

description: Simia sphinx [spec. nov.]
S. semicaudata, ore vibrissato, unguibus acuminatis. Syst. nat. 3.
Papio s Baboon. Gesn. quadr. 352. t. 353. Aldr. digit. 260. Jonst. quadr. 145. t. 61. f. 1. Raj. quadr. 158.
Habitat in Borneo.
Magnitudo Molossi; incedens quatuor pedibus; Scrotum pendulum; Animal libidinosum, feminis facile vim infert; litteras transferre addiscit.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 25, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Parallel numerical methods for SDEs and applications
Creators: name: Atallah, Nada
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) constitute an important mathematical tool with appli- cations in many areas of research such as fi physics and computer science. The analytical study of these equations is problematic, especially in the multi-dimensional case, for this reason, numerical techniques prove to be necessary to solve such equations. In this project, parallel numerical techniques for SDEs are studied. Two kinds of parallelism will be explored: in space and in time. Implementation of these techniques applied to several systems of SDEs will be realised (using C++ and MPI) and performance measures like speedup and efficiency will be investigated on medium-scale computer clusters. In the second part of the thesis, a major application area in the fi of computer and com- munication networks will be studied, that of second-order stochastic fl networks. Recently, interest has been growing in networks with large numbers of components, with application in diverse fi such as internet performance evaluation, the spread of computer viruses and biochemistry. Such models have such a large state space that discrete-state models are numer- ically infeasible due to the explosion in the size of the state space. Fluid approximations are therefore preferable and tend to be more accurate in large state spaces. In fl models, an integer counter is replaced by a real number representing a volume and the solution method becomes based on diff tial equations rather than on diff equations. Some analytical solutions are possible in special cases but in general, numerical methods are required. In this project, parallel numerical studies of second order fl networks will be conducted and re- sults in the context of the performance of computer and communication networks have been analysed, facilitating design improvement of their architecture.
title: Macroprudential policies and private domestic investment in developing countries: an instrumental variables approach
Creators: name: Bambe, Bao-We-Wal
Publisher: name: German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS)
publisherIdentifier: https://d-nb.info/gnd/1261267915
publisherIdentifierScheme: GND
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: macropudential policies
subject: primate domestic investment
subject: developing countries
subject: instrumental variables strategy

description: IDOS Discussion Paper, 3/2025
Constraining Non-Cold Dark Matter Models with the Global 21-cm Signal
Creators: name: Schneider, Aurel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Any particle dark matter (DM) scenario featuring a suppressed power spectrum of astrophysical relevance results in a delay of galaxy formation. As a consequence, such scenarios can be constrained using the global 21-cm absorption signal initiated by the UV radiation of the first stars. The Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES) recently reported the first detection of such an absorption signal at redshift $\sim 17$. While its amplitude might indicate the need for new physics, we solely focus on the timing of the signal to test non-cold DM models. Assuming conservative limits for the stellar-to-baryon fraction ($f_{*}<0.03$) and for the minimum cooling temperature ($T_{\rm vir}>10^3$ Kelvin) motivated by radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, we are able to derive unprecedented constraints on a variety of non-cold DM models. For example, the mass of thermal warm DM is limited to $m_{\rm TH}>6.1$ keV, while mixed DM scenarios (featuring a cold and a hot component) are constrained to a hot DM fraction below 17 percent. The ultra-light axion DM model is limited to masses $m_{a}>8\times10^{-21}$ eV, a regime where its wave-like nature is pushed far below the kiloparsec scale. Finally, sterile neutrinos from resonant production can be fully disfavoured as a dominant DM candidate. The results of this paper show that the 21-cm absorption signal is a powerful discriminant of non-cold dark matter, allowing for significant improvements over to the strongest current limits. Confirming the result from EDGES is paramount in this context.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, published in PRD
Simia apedia Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Atelidae
Simia
Simia apedia

description: Simia apedia [spec. nov.]
S. semicaudata, palmarum pollice approximato, unguibus oblongis: pollicum omnium rotundatis.
Simia cauda abrupta, unguibus compressis: pollice palmarum digitis adhaerente. Amoen. acad. 1. p. 278.
Simia quam similis turpissima bestia nobis Ennius: quod Simiae Mammae, Uvula, Uterus, Cilia, Musculi Loquelae, Ungves hominis sunt; non vero Rete mirabile, Clitoris, Nymphae.
Habitat in Indiis.
Magnitudo & color Sciuri subgrisei; similis S. sciurea.
Pollex manuum anticarum non remotus. Ungues omnes oblongi, compressi, sed pollicum tam anteriorum, quam posticorum humanis similes, Cauda brevissima, vix pollicis transversi.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Dynamically borrowing strength from another study through shrinkage estimation
Creators: name: Röver, Christian
name: Friede, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Meta-analytic methods may be used to combine evidence from different sources of information. Quite commonly, the normal-normal hierarchical model (NNHM) including a random-effect to account for between-study heterogeneity is utilized for such analyses. The same modeling framework may also be used to not only derive a combined estimate, but also to borrow strength for a particular study from another by deriving a shrinkage estimate. For instance, a small-scale randomized controlled trial could be supported by a non-randomized study, e.g. a clinical registry. This would be particularly attractive in the context of rare diseases. We demonstrate that a meta-analysis still makes sense in this extreme two-study setup, as illustrated using a recent trial and a clinical registry in Creutzfeld-Jakob disease. Derivation of a shrinkage estimate within a Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis may substantially improve a given estimate even based on only a single additional estimate while accounting for potential effect heterogeneity between the studies. Alternatively, inference may equivalently be motivated via a model specification that does not require a common overall mean parameter but considers the treatment effect in one study, and the difference in effects between the studies. The proposed approach is quite generally applicable to combine different types of evidence originating e.g. from meta-analyses or individual studies. An application of this more general setup is provided in immunosuppression following liver transplantation in children.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables
Additional file 1: of Reduced PRC2 function alters male germline epigenetic programming and paternal inheritance
Creators: name: Stringer, Jessica
name: Forster, Samuel
name: Zhipeng Qu
name: Prokopuk, Lexie
name: OâBryan, Moira
name: Gardner, David
name: White, Stefan
name: Adelson, David
name: Western, Patrick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Survival and fertility of Eedhypo/hypo animals. Figure S2. Foetal somatic and germ cells reached expected developmental milestones and expressed endogenous germ cell markers in Eedhypo/hypo males. Figure S3. H3K27me3 was enriched at known PRC2 target genes in Eedhypo/hypo compared to Eedwt/wt germ cells. Figure S4. Read counts and technical consistency between RNAseq samples generated from (Aâ B) E15.5 Eedwt/wt and Eedhypo/hypo male germ cells and (C) D8-cell offspring from Eedwt/wt and Eedhypo/hypo males. Figure S5. Transcriptional analyses of E8.5 offspring produced by Eedhypo/hypo, Eedhypo/wt and Eedwt/wt male mice mated to wild-type females. Figure S6. Neonatal weight and size are not different in offspring of Eedhypo/wt Eedhypo/hypo and males. Figure S7. Active Motif Modified Histone Array analysis of H3K27me3 ChIP antibody. (PDF 15192 kb)
First Observation of Parallax in a Gravitational Microlensing Event
Creators: name: Alcock, C.
name: Allsman, R. A.
name: Alves, D.
name: Axelrod, T. S.
name: Bennett, D. P.
name: Cook, K. H.
name: Freeman, K. C.
name: Griest, K.
name: Guern, J.
name: Lehner, M. J.
name: Marshall, S. L.
name: Peterson, B. A.
name: Pratt, M. R.
name: Quinn, P. J.
name: Rodgers, A. W.
name: Stubbs, C. W.
name: Sutherland, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first detection of parallax effects in a gravitational microlensing event. Parallax in a gravitational microlensing event observed only from the Earth appears as a distortion of the lightcurve due to the motion of the Earth around the Sun. This distortion can be detected if the event duration is not much less than a year and if the projected velocity of the lens is not much larger than the orbital velocity of the Earth about the Sun. The event presented here has a duration of 220 days and clearly shows the distortion due to the Earth's motion. We find that the projected velocity of the lens is 75+/-5 km/s at an angle of 28+/-4 deg from the direction of increasing galactic longitude, as expected for a lens in the galactic disk. A likelihood analysis yields estimates of the distance to and mass of the lens: D_{lens} = 1.7 (+1.1/-0.7) kpc and M = 1.3 (+1.3/-0.6) Msun, suggesting that the lens is a remnant such as a white dwarf or neutron star. A less likely possibility is that the lens is a main sequence star. If so, we can add our upper limit on the observed flux from the lens to the analysis. This modifies the estimates to: D_{lens} = 2.8 (+1.1/-0.6) kpc, and M = 0.6 (+0.4/-0.2) Msun.
description: 11 pages, 3 figs in uuencoded, compressed, tared postscript files
The relativistic center of mass in field theory with spin
Creators: name: Lorcé, Cédric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to unravel the origin of the nucleon spin, one has to study in detail the question of orbital angular momentum, and in particular the reference point about which it is defined. With this in mind, we review the concept of relativistic center of mass, generalize the discussion to the case of asymmetric energy-momentum tensors, and establish the link with the light-front formalism. We find that the $p$-wave in the Dirac plane-wave solutions arises from a relativistic quantum-mechanical effect which forces the canonical reference point to depend on the observer. This explains why longitudinal spin is much simpler to study than transverse spin. It is also the reason behind the observation of induced shifts and distortions in the parton distributions defined within the light-front formalism.
description: 41 pages, 1 figure, version accepted in EPJC
MOESM9 of Integrative analysis of the cancer genome atlas and cancer cell lines encyclopedia large-scale genomic databases: MUC4/MUC16/MUC20 signature is associated with poor survival in human carcinomas
Creators: name: Jonckheere, Nicolas
name: Seuningen, Isabelle Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 9: Figure S6. MUC4-MUC16 and MUC4-MUC20 correlation of mRNA expression in 45 tumor tissues of GSE28735 PDAC dataset.
VLBI Observations of a Complete Sample of Radio Galaxies. VI. The Two FR-I Radio Galaxies B2 0836+29 and 3C465
Creators: name: Vneturi, T.
name: Castaldini, C.
name: Cotton, W. D.
name: Feretti, L.
name: Giovannini, G.
name: Lara, L.
name: Marcaide, J. M.
name: Wehrle, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 5 GHz global VLBI observations of the two Fanaroff Riley Type I radio galaxies B2 0836+29 and 3C465 (2335+26). For 3C465 we present also 1.7 GHz and 8.4 GHz global VLBI data. In addition VLA observations were used to obtain arsecond resolution continuum and polarization maps at 5 GHz. Both sources are very asymmetric on the parsec-scale, with a core and a one-sided jet, aligned with the main arcsecond scale jet. We place a limit on the milliarcsecond jet to counterjet brightness ratio B$_{jet}$/B$_{cjet}$ \gtsim 20 and \gtsim 30 for B2 0836+29 and 3C465 respectively. For 3C465 the strong asymmetry holds to the kiloparsec scale. The brightness asymmetry and the ratio between the core radio power and total radio power allow us to constrain the jet velocity close to the core and the orientation of the radio structure with respect to the line of sight. The results suggest that the plasma speed is relativistic on the parsec scale for both sources, i.e. v$_{jet}$ \gtsim 0.75c for B2 0836+29 and v$_{jet}$ \gtsim 0.6c for 3C465. While v$_{jet}$ decreases from the parsec to the kiloparsec scale in B2 0836+29, in 3C465 the very high v$_{jet}$ holds all the way to the kiloparsec-scale {\t bright spot}. Our results are in agreement with the unification scheme suggestion that FR-I radio galaxies are the unbeamed poulation of BL-Lac objects. Furthermore, they reinforce the idea that the central engine in FR-I and FR-II radio galaxies must be qualitatively similar. The different radio morphology could then be due either to an intrinsically different nuclear power, which affects the torus geometry or to different conditions in the region beyond the parsec scale, where a significant deceleration in the FR-I jets occurs.
description: 28 pages, 4 tables, 8 figures all available under request from tventuri@astbo1.bo.cnr.it
The Globular Clusters in M87: A Bimodal Colour Distribution
Creators: name: Elson, Rebecca A. W.
name: Santiago, Basilio X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present $V$ and $I$ photometry for $\sim 150$ globular clusters with $20 < V < 27$ $\sim 2.5$ arcmin from the centre of M87, the cD galaxy in the Virgo cluster. The data were acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope which, with effective resolution 0.1 arcsec, allows us for the first time to distinguish between globular clusters and most background galaxies on the basis of morphology, and to obtain accurate photometry even at faint magnitudes. The $(V-I)$ distribution of the clusters is clearly bimodal, implying a corresponding bimodality in the metallicity distribution, with peaks at [Fe/H]$\approx -1.5$ and $-0.5$. We also find that the brightest clusters are predominantly metal poor, while the fainter clusters are divided roughly eaually between metal poor and metal rich. Our sample is essentially complete to $ V\approx 25$, a full magnitude past the expected peak of a ``universal" luminosity function, and the observed luminosity function is well represented by the standard gaussian distribution with $=-7.2$ and $σ= 1.4$.
description: 16 pages + 4 figures, the later submitted in tar, compressed, uuencoded form. Fig. 1 not included
Stellar kinematics from the symmetron fifth force in the Milky Way disk
Creators: name: O'Hare, Ciaran A. J.
name: Burrage, Clare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that the presence of non-minimally coupled scalar fields giving rise to a fifth force can noticeably alter dynamics on galactic scales. Such a fifth force must be screened in the Solar System but if unscreened it can have a similar observational effects as a component of non-baryonic matter. We consider this possibility in the context of the vertical motions of local stars in the Milky Way disk by reframing a methodology used to measure the local density of dark matter. By attempting to measure the properties of the symmetron field required to support vertical velocities we can test it as a theory of modified gravity and understand the behaviour of screened scalar fields in galaxies. In particular this relatively simple setup allows the symmetron field profile to be solved for model parameters where the equation of motion becomes highly nonlinear and difficult to solve in other contexts. We update the existing Solar System constraints for this scenario and find a region of parameter space not already excluded that can explain the vertical motions of local stars out to heights of 1 kpc. At larger heights the force due to the symmetron field profile exhibits a characteristic turn over which would allow the model to be distinguished from a dark matter halo.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
The faint-galaxy hosts of gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Hogg, David W.
name: Fruchter, Andrew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed redshifts and magnitudes of the host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are compared with the predictions of three basic GRB models, in which the comoving rate density of GRBs is (1) proportional to the cosmic star formation rate density, (2) proportional to the total integrated stellar density and (3) constant. All three models make the assumption that at every epoch the probability of a GRB occuring in a galaxy is proportional to that galaxy's broad-band luminosity. No assumption is made that GRBs are standard candles or even that their luminosity function is narrow. All three rate density models are consistent with the observed GRB host galaxies to date, although model (2) is slightly disfavored relative to the others. Models (1) and (3) make very similar predictions for host galaxy magnitude and redshift distributions; these models will be probably not be distinguished without measurements of host-galaxy star-formation rates. The fraction of host galaxies fainter than 28 mag may constrain the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function at high redshift, or, if the fraction is observed to be low, may suggest that the bursters are expelled from low-luminosity hosts. In all models, the probability of finding a z<0.008 GRB among a sample of 11 GRBs is less than 10^(-4), strongly suggesting that GRB 980425, if associated with supernova 1998bw, represents a distinct class of GRBs.
description: 7 pages, ApJ in press, revised to incorporate yet more new and revised observational results
Additional file 4: of Occurrence, Risk Factors, Prognosis and Prevention of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Oedema: a Systematic Review
Creators: name: Spencer, Sarah
name: Dickinson, John
name: Forbes, Lindsay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Results of assessments of risk of bias. (DOCX 23 kb)
Discovery of a faint optical jet in 3C 120
Creators: name: Hjorth, J.
name: Vestergaard, M.
name: Sorensen, A. N.
name: Grundahl, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of an optical jet in the nearby Seyfert 1 radio galaxy 3C 120. The optical jet coincides with the well-known radio jet and emits continuum radiation (B,V',I) with a radio-to-optical spectral index of 0.65. There are no clear optical counterparts to the radio knots, although the optical condensation A of the galaxy, which includes the bright 4" radio knot, is found to be 12 % polarized with the electric field vectors perpendicular to the jet. These findings indicate that 3C 120 contains the 6th known extragalactic optical synchrotron jet, quite similar in its properties to the jet of PKS 0521-36. The outer parts of the jet is the faintest known optical jet and was discovered as the result of a dedicated effort to detect it. It is therefore possible that more optical jets can be discovered in systematic searches by combining deep imaging in the optical or near-IR with careful galaxy subtraction methods.
Chaos signatures in the short and long time behavior of the out-of-time ordered correlator
Creators: name: García-Mata, Ignacio
name: Saraceno, Marcos
name: Jalabert, Rodolfo A.
name: Roncaglia, Augusto J.
name: Wisniacki, Diego A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two properties are needed for a classical system to be chaotic: exponential stretching and mixing. Recently, out-of-time order correlators were proposed as a measure of chaos in a wide range of physical systems. While most of the attention has previously been devoted to the short time stretching aspect of chaos, characterized by the Lyapunov exponent, we show for quantum maps that the out-of-time correlator approaches its stationary value exponentially with a rate determined by the Ruelle-Pollicot resonances. This property constitutes clear evidence of the dual role of the underlying classical chaos dictating the behavior of the correlator at different timescales.
description: 4+1/2 pages + small appendix -- Closest to published version [minor typo in Eq. (5) corrected]
Simia (Cercopithecus) Linnaeus, 1758, subgen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Atelidae
Simia

description: Simia (Cercopithecus) [subgen. nov.]
* * * Cauda elongata: Cercopitheci.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 26, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
ALTERNATIVES FOR SEED REGULATORY REFORM An Analysis of Variety Testing, Variety Regulation and Seed Quality Control
Creators: name: Tripp, Robert
name: Louwaars, Niels
name: Burg, W
name: Virk, D
name: Witcombe, J
name: Tripp, Robert
name: Louwaars, Niels
name: Burg, W
name: Virk, D
name: Witcombe, J
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Development

description: This paper summarises the findings of a recently completed project which examined the conduct of seed regulation in developing countries and produced a set of guidelines for seed regulatory reform. The three areas of seed regulation included in the study were: public sector plant breeding (particularly the management of variety testing); variety regulation (registration, performance testing and release); and seed quality control (seed certification and seed testing). Adjustment to seed regulatory frameworks is necessary because of significant changes in national seed systems. These changes include: reductions in budget for public agricultural research; the failure of many seed parastatals; increasing concern about plant genetic diversity; pressure for the establishment of plant variety protection; the increasing contributions of commercial seed enterprises; and the emergence of innovative local level variety development and seed production initiatives. There are a variety of reasons why current public seed regulation is unsatisfactory. It is not efficiently organised, often uses inappropriate standards, does not offer opportunities for farmer and seed producer participation, and is not sufficiently transparent. At the same time there are a number of options for regulatory reform. In plant breeding, more emphasis should be placed on decentralising variety testing, breeding for particular niches, and making site selection, trial management and analysis more representative of farmers' conditions. In variety regulation, simpler registration procedures are required, and the demands of plant variety protection should not be allowed to bias or limit the development and use of public and farmer varieties. Variety performance testing for release should be made more flexible. In seed quality control, standards should be re-examined for their relevance to particular farming conditions, and much of the responsibility for monitoring seed quality should be passed to seed producers and merchants, accompanied by welldefined public oversight and enforcement mechanisms.
Photometric Observations of Star Formation Activity in Early Type Spirals
Creators: name: Usui, T.
name: Saito, M.
name: Tomita, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observationally study the current star formation activities of early type spiral galaxies. We construct a complete sample of 15 early type spirals having far-infrared (FIR) to optical B band luminosity ratios, L(FIR)/L(B), larger than the average of the type, and make their CCD imaging of the R and H-alpha bands. The equivalent widths of H-alpha emission increase with increasing L(FIR)/L(B), indicating that L(FIR)/L(B) can be an indicator of star formation for such early type spirals with star formation activities higher than the average. For all of the observed early type spirals, the extended HII regions exist at the central regions with some asymmetric features. H-alpha emission is more concentrated to the galactic center than the R band light, and the degree of the concentration increases with the star formation activity. We also analyze the relation between the star formation activities and the existence of companion galaxies in the sample galaxies and other bright early type spirals. No correlation is found and this suggests that the interaction is not responsible for all of the star formation activities of early type spirals.
description: LaTex, 23 pages (2 tables included), plus 9 Postscript figures & 1 table. To be published in AJ (November issue)
Flash ionization of the partially ionized wind of the progenitor of SN 1987A
Creators: name: Lundqvist, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The H II region created by the progenitor of SN 1987A was further heated and ionized by the supernova flash. Prior to the flash, the temperature of the gas was 4000 - 5000 K, and helium was neutral, while the post-flash temperature was only slightly less than 10^5 K, with the gas being ionized to helium-like ionization stages of C, N and O. We have followed the slow post-flash cooling and recombination of the gas, as well as its line emission, and find that the strongest lines are N V 1240 and O VI 1034. Both these lines are good probes for the density of the gas, and suitable instruments to detect the lines are STIS on HST and FUSE, respectively. Other lines which may be detectable are N IV] 1486 and [O III] 5007, though they are expected to be substantially weaker. The relative strength of the oxygen lines is found to be a good tracer of the color temperature of the supernova flash. From previous observations, we put limits on the hydrogen density, n_H, of the H II region. The early N V 1240 flux measured by IUE gives an upper limit which is n_H ~ 180 η^{-0.40} cm^{-3}, where ηis the filling factor of the gas. The recently reported emission in [O III] 5007 at 2500 days requires n_H = (160\pm12) η^{-0.19} cm^{-3}, for a supernova burst similar to that in the 500full1 model of Ensman & Burrows (1992). For the more energetic 500full2 burst the density is n_H = (215\pm15) η^{-0.19} cm^{-3}. These values are much higher than in models of the X-ray emission from the supernova (n_H ~ 75 cm^{-3}), and it seems plausible that the observed [O III] emission is produced primarily elsewhere than in the H II region. We also discuss the type of progenitor consistent with the H II region. In particular, it seems unlikely that its spectral type was much earlier than B2 Ia.
description: LaTeX, 23 pages including 4 figures. To appear in ApJ (Main Journal)
Growth and differentiation factor-15 and microRNA in intensive care unit acquired paresis
Creators: name: Bloch, Susannah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Intensive Care Unit Acquired Paresis (ICUAP) is a major health concern facing today’s critical care patients. This syndrome of severe muscle wasting and weakness is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, resulting in a substantial clinical and financial burden. However as yet, other than early mobilisation and rehabilitation, there are no available treatments. The aim of this work was to identify molecular mechanisms in the aetiology of ICUAP with a view to finding novel therapeutic targets. In a prospective study of high-risk elective cardiothoracic patients, prolonged elevation of circulating GDF-15, a stress-induced cytokine and TGF-β family member, was associated with acute muscle wasting. Following on from this work, the hypothesis that GDF-15 might be a driver of muscle wasting in ICUAP was tested in an observational study of 20 ICUAP patients and 7 elective cardiothoracic controls. Both circulating GDF-15 and muscle GDF-15 mRNA expression were elevated in patients compared to controls. In addition microRNAs essential for muscle homeostasis and protection against TGF-β signalling were found to be down-regulated. In vitro experiments demonstrated that GDF-15 could increase expression of muscle atrophy-related genes and supress these microRNAs. Increased sensitivity to TGF-β signalling secondary to down-regulation of muscle microRNAs driven by GDF-15 hypothesised as an aetiological mechanism of muscle wasting in critical illness. Supporting this hypothesis, transfection of miR-181a into C2C12 cells reduced the response to TGF-β1 and increased TGF-β signalling was found in the muscle of ICUAP patients. 9 An interventional study of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in ICU demonstrated that although increased mobility in critical care patients can improve outcomes there is a risk that NMES may cause muscle damage. Finally preliminary data, suggested that miR-181a is a potential biomarker for ICUAP. GDF-15 and microRNAs are potential therapeutic targets and this work supports the need for further investigation into these pathways in ICUAP.
Realization of a graph as the Reeb graph of a Morse function on a manifold
Creators: name: Michalak, Łukasz Patryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58K05 (Primary) 57M15, 58K65 (Secondary)

description: We investigate the problem of the realization of a given graph as the Reeb graph $\mathcal{R}(f)$ of a smooth function $f\colon M\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ with finitely many critical points, where $M$ is a closed manifold. We show that for any $n\geq2$ and any graph $Γ$ admitting the so called good orientation there exist an $n$-manifold $M$ and a Morse function $f\colon M\rightarrow \mathbb{R} $ such that its Reeb graph $\mathcal{R}(f)$ is isomorphic to $Γ$, extending previous results of Sharko and Masumoto-Saeki. We prove that Reeb graphs of simple Morse functions maximize the number of cycles. Furthermore, we provide a complete characterization of graphs which can arise as Reeb graphs of surfaces.
description: Major revision, to appear in Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal
Additional file 1 of The combination of an inflammatory peripheral blood gene expression and imaging biomarkers enhance prediction of radiographic progression in knee osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Attur, Mukundan
name: Krasnokutsky, Svetlana
name: Zhou, Hua
name: Samuels, Jonathan
name: Chang, Gregory
name: Bencardino, Jenny
name: Rosenthal, Pamela
name: Rybak, Leon
name: Huebner, Janet L.
name: Kraus, Virginia B.
name: Abramson, Steven B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1.
A Break in the Highest Energy Cosmic Ray Spectrum: A Signature of New Physics?
Creators: name: Sigl, G.
name: Lee, S.
name: Schramm, D. N.
name: Bhattacharjee, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental data from the Fly's Eye and the Akeno array seem to indicate significant structure in the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray spectrum above $10^{18}\eV$. A statistically significant dip has been established at about $5\times10^{18}\eV$. In addition, each experiment observed a different superhigh energy event above $10^{20}\eV$ separated from the rest of the data by about half a decade in energy. In this article we discuss what this implies for the existence or non-existence of the ``Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min cutoff'', a long lasting and still open question in cosmic ray physics. This cutoff, caused by energy losses in the cosmic microwave background, is predicted to occur at a few times $10^{19}\eV$ if cosmic rays are produced by shock acceleration of lower energy particles at extragalactic distances. We show that from the spectral point of view, sources nearer than a few $\Mpc$ are still consistent with the data at the $1σ$ level, provided these sources accelerate particles beyond $3\times10^{20}\eV$. However, persistence of the apparent gap in the existing data at the level of a 4 times higher total exposure would rule out a wide range of acceleration models at $98\%$ C.L., whether they rely on nearby or extragalactic sources. This might hint to the existence of a ``top down'' mechanism which produces an additional hard component of ultrahigh energy particles directly, say, by decay from some higher energy scale in contrast to bottom up acceleration of charged particles. In this scenario a cutoff followed by a pronounced spectral flattening and possibly even a gap could naturally be formed.
description: 12 latex pages, 2 figures added via figures command
Intermolecular charge transport in dye monolayers
Creators: name: Moia, Davide
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis reports the experimental investigation of intermolecular charge transport in dye monolayers anchored to the surface of nanocrystalline oxides. I use electrochemistry and transient spectroscopy to measure diffusion of holes within dye monolayers and interpret my observations on the basis of the non-adiabatic Marcus theory of charge transfer. I observe thermally activated hole diffusion for dyes used in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) anchored to TiO2 and immersed in an inert acetonitrile based electrolyte. The corresponding values of reorganization energy of charge transfer between the dyes range between 700 and 1500 meV. Assuming negligible contribution from energetic disorder, this shows agreement with previously reported calculations of reorganization energy. Low outer sphere and low inner sphere reorganization energies correlate with delocalization of the HOMO and with rigid molecular structures showing extended conjugation. I show that hole diffusion in the monolayer can be controlled both at the μm and at the nm scale by varying the fraction of TiO2 surface covered with dyes. I present the effect of decreasing the dye surface coverage and consequently stopping hole diffusion on photo-electrochemical device structures. First, I observe a slowdown of the photo-induced recombination reaction of holes in the dye monolayer to electrons in the TiO2 when decreasing the dye loading. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that hole diffusion in the dye monolayer contributes to faster recombination. Second, I show that hole transport in the dye monolayer is responsible for increased dye regeneration efficiency in solid state DSSCs. I quantify improved regeneration yield by between 50% and 5% depending on the degree of the pore filling by the hole transporting material spiro OMeTAD. Finally I demonstrate that effective photo-conversion can occur in solar cell structures where dye monolayers function as the only hole transport phase.
Instabilities and Flow Structures in Protoplanetary Disks: Setting the Stage for Planetesimal Formation
Creators: name: Klahr, Hubert
name: Pfeil, Thomas
name: Schreiber, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This chapter highlights the properties of turbulence and meso-scale flow structures in protoplanetary disks and their role in the planet formation process. Here we focus on the formation of planetesimals from a gravitational collapse of a pebble cloud. Large scale and long lived flow structures - vortices and zonal flows - are a consequence of weak magneto and hydrodynamic instabilities in the pressure and entropy stratified quasi-Keplerian shear flow interacting with the fast rotation of the disk. The vortices and zonal flows on the other hand are particle traps tapping into the radial pebble flux of the disk, leading to locally sufficient accumulations to trigger gravitational collapse, directly converting pebbles to many kilometer sized planetesimals. This collapse is moderated by the streaming instability, which is a back-reaction from the particle accumulations onto the gas flow. Without trapping pebbles and increasing thus the local solid to gas ratio, this back-reaction would ultimately prevent the formation of planetsimals via turbulent diffusion. The formation of long lived flow structures is therefore a necessary condition for an efficient and fast formation of planetesimals.
description: Preprint of an article that is supposed to be part of the 'Handbook of Exoplanets'
Additional file 3 of sn-spMF: matrix factorization informs tissue-specific genetic regulation of gene expression
Creators: name: He, Yuan
name: Chhetri, Surya B.
name: Arvanitis, Marios
name: Srinivasan, Kaushik
name: Aguet, François
name: Ardlie, Kristin G.
name: Barbeira, Alvaro N.
name: Bonazzola, Rodrigo
name: Im, Hae Kyung
name: Brown, Christopher D.
name: Battle, Alexis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3 GTEx Consortium Information.
Sensitivity study of Caspian sea ice
Creators: name: Tamura-Wicks, Helen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The Northern Caspian lies along the southern-most boundary within the Northern Hemisphere where sea-ice forms. Although ice cover is typically observed between November and March, it experiences high spatio-temporal variabilities. This variability may be of interest in the long-term as it may act as an early indicator of large-scale climate change, as well as being an area of interest to industries and vulnerable species. Through empirical and model studies, this thesis carries out a sensitivity study of Caspian sea-ice for the first time. Caspian sea-ice concentration from satellite passive microwave data and surface daily air temperatures are analysed from 1978 to 2009. Relationships between mean winter air temperatures, cumulative freezing degree days (CFDD) and the sum of daily ice area are found for the first time. Mean monthly air temperatures of less than 5.5-9.5◦C, and a minimum CFDD of 3.6-11.2◦C, is required for ice formation in the Northern Caspian. Examination of climate projections from multi-model ensembles of monthly mean air temperatures suggest for the first time that the Northern Caspian may be largely ice-free by 2100 for the highest emission scenario. An ocean-ice-atmosphere model of the Caspian shows weak sensitivities of the minimum CFDD to varied sea-ice albedo and ice compressive strength. Sea level decline reduces the minimum CFDD and promotes formation of higher concentration ice. An atmosphere model of the Caspian is run with observed 2006 to 2009 sea-ice cover, with an additional run without ice cover, to quantify the sensitivity of the atmosphere to sea-ice for the first time. Ice cover removal results in up to 5-10% increase in precipitation, surface wind speeds and humidity, with up to 3◦C increase in surface temperature, in the December-January-February climatology over the Northern Caspian. Additionally, extreme precipitation and extreme wind speeds intensify and extreme cold air events weaken with ice removal.