cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Perturbative quantum simulation
Creators: name: Sun, Jinzhao
name: Endo, Suguru
name: Lin, Huiping
name: Hayden, Patrick
name: Vedral, Vlatko
name: Yuan, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Approximation based on perturbation theory is the foundation for most of the quantitative predictions of quantum mechanics, whether in quantum many-body physics, chemistry, quantum field theory or other domains. Quantum computing provides an alternative to the perturbation paradigm, yet state-of-the-art quantum processors with tens of noisy qubits are of limited practical utility. Here, we introduce perturbative quantum simulation, which combines the complementary strengths of the two approaches, enabling the solution of large practical quantum problems using limited noisy intermediate-scale quantum hardware. The use of a quantum processor eliminates the need to identify a solvable unperturbed Hamiltonian, while the introduction of perturbative coupling permits the quantum processor to simulate systems larger than the available number of physical qubits. We present an explicit perturbative expansion that mimics the Dyson series expansion and involves only local unitary operations, and show its optimality over other expansions under certain conditions. We numerically benchmark the method for interacting bosons, fermions, and quantum spins in different topologies, and study different physical phenomena, such as information propagation, charge-spin separation, and magnetism, on systems of up to $48$ qubits only using an $8+1$ qubit quantum hardware. We experimentally demonstrate our scheme on the IBM quantum cloud, verifying its noise robustness and illustrating its potential for benchmarking large quantum processors with smaller ones.
description: 39 pages, 12 figures
A New and Simple Approach to Determine the Abundance of Hydrogen Molecules on Interstellar Ice Mantles
Creators: name: Hincelin, Ugo
name: Chang, Qiang
name: Herbst, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water is usually the main component of ice mantles, which cover the cores of dust grains in cold portions of dense interstellar clouds. When molecular hydrogen is adsorbed onto an icy mantle through physisorption, a common assumption in gas-grain rate equation models is to use an adsorption energy for molecular hydrogen on a pure water substrate. However, at high density and low temperature, when H2 is efficiently adsorbed onto the mantle, its surface abundance can be strongly overestimated if this assumption is still used. Unfortunately, the more detailed microscopic Monte Carlo treatment cannot be used to study the abundance of H2 in ice mantles if a full gas-grain network is utilized. We present a numerical method adapted for rate-equation models that takes into account the possibility that an H2 molecule can, while diffusing on the surface, find itself bound to another hydrogen molecule, with a far weaker bond than the H2-water bond, which can lead to more efficient desorption. We label the ensuing desorption "encounter desorption". The method is implemented first in a simple system consisting only of hydrogen molecules at steady state between gas and dust using the rate-equation approach and comparing the results with the results of a microscopic Monte Carlo calculation. We then discuss the use of the rate-equation approach with encounter desorption embedded in a complete gas-grain chemical network. For both systems, the rate-equation model with encounter desorption reproduces the H2 granular coverage computed by the microscopic Monte Carlo model. The method is especially useful for dense and cold environments, and for time-dependent physical conditions, such as occur in the collapse of dense cores and the formation of protoplanetary disks. It is not significantly CPU time consuming, so can be used for example with complex 3D chemical-hydrodynamical simulations.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, language editing, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Speciation as a positive feedback loop between postzygotic and prezygotic barriers to gene flow
Creators: name: Servedio, M. R.
name: Saetre, G.-P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Speciation is intimately associated with the evolution of sex-and-reproduction-related traits, including those affecting hybrid incompatibility (postzygotic isolation) and species recognition (prezygotic isolation). Genes controlling such traits are not randomly distributed in the genome but are particularly abundant on the sex chromosomes. However, the evolutionary consequences of the sex linkage of genes involved in speciation have been little explored. Here, we present simulations of a continent-island diploid model that examines the effects of reduced recombination using both autosomal and sex-linked inheritance. We show first that linkage between genes affecting postzygotic and prezygotic isolation leads to a positive feedback loop in which both are strengthened. As species recognition evolves, genes causing hybrid incompatibility will hitchhike along with those improving premating isolation, leading to stronger hybrid incompatibility and thus increased pressure for further preference divergence. Second, we show that this loop effect is generally enhanced by sex linkage, because recombination is eliminated in the heterogametic sex, leading to tighter effective linkage between the two classes of genes and because natural selection is more efficient at sex-linked loci, as recessive alleles are not masked by dominance in the heterogametic sex. Accordingly, hitchhiking can be important in promoting speciation and can also lead to increased postzygotic isolation through adaptive evolution.
Geschichten von Glauben und Leben in den kirchlichen Basisgemeinden
Creators: name: Teixeira, Faustino Luiz Couto
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 38 Nr. 3 (2002): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 38, Heft 3
Episymbiotic microbes as food and defence for marine isopods: unique symbioses in a hostile environment
Creators: name: Barber, P. H
name: Weisz, J. B
name: Lindquist, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Symbioses profoundly affect the diversity of life, often through novel biochemical services that symbionts provide to their hosts. These biochemical services are typically nutritional enhancements and less commonly defensive, but rarely both simultaneously. On the coral reefs of Papua New Guinea, we discovered unique associations between marine isopod crustaceans (Santia spp.) and episymbiotic microbes. Transmission electron microscopy and pigment analyses show that episymbiont biomass is dominated by large (20–30 μm) cyanobacterial cells. The isopods consume these photosymbionts and ‘cultivate’ them by inhabiting exposed sunlit substrates, a behaviour made possible by symbionts' production of a chemical defence that is repulsive to fishes. Molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the symbiotic microbial communities are diverse and probably dominated in terms of population size by bacteria and small unicellular Synechococcus-type cyanobacteria. Although largely unknown in the oceans, defensive symbioses probably promote marine biodiversity by allowing niche expansions into otherwise hostile environments.
Re-examining the Too-Big-To-Fail Problem for Dark Matter Haloes with Central Density Cores
Creators: name: Ogiya, Go
name: Burkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies found the densities of dark matter (DM) subhaloes which surround nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) to be significantly lower than those of the most massive subhaloes expected around Milky Way sized galaxies in cosmological simulations, the so called "too-big-to-fail" (TBTF) problem. A caveat of previous work has been that dark substructures were assumed to contain steep density cusps in the center of DM haloes even though the central density structure of DM haloes is still under debate. In this study, we re-examine the TBTF problem for models of DM density structure with cores or shallowed cusps. Our analysis demonstrates that the TBTF problem is alleviated as the logarithmic slope of the central cusp becomes shallower. We find that the TBTF problem is avoided if the central cusps of DM haloes surrounding dSphs are shallower than $r^{-0.6}$.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Annex and Supplementary material for Marin-Garcia, Juan A.; Machuca, José A.D.; Alfalla-Luque, Rafaela (2023). In search of a suitable way to deploy Triple-A capabilities through assessment of AAA models' competitive advantage predictive capacity
Creators: name: Marin-Garcia, Juan A.
name: Machuca, Jose A. D.
name: Alfalla-Luque, Rafaela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: supply chain
comptetitive advantage

description: Annex and Supplementary material for: Marin-Garcia, Juan A.; Machuca, José A.D.; Alfalla-Luque, Rafaela (2023) “In search of a suitable way to deploy Triple-A capabilities through assessment of AAA models’ competitive advantage predictive capacity”. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-03-2022-0091 Founding: Research within the frameworks: PID2019-105001GB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación- Spain); PY20_01209 (PAIDI 2020- Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades -Junta de Andalucía).
Fünfzig Jahre brasilianische Bischofskonferenz CNBB: eine Bischofskonferenz mit konziliarem Profil
Creators: name: Lorscheider, Aloísio
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 38 Nr. 3 (2002): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 38, Heft 3
Reproductive character displacement generates reproductive isolation among conspecific populations: an artificial neural network study
Creators: name: Ryan, M. J
name: Pfennig, K. S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: When interactions with heterospecifics prevent females from identifying conspecific mates, natural selection can promote the evolution of mating behaviours that minimize such interactions. Consequently, mating behaviours may diverge among conspecific populations in sympatry and in allopatry with heterospecifics. This divergence in conspecific mating behaviours—reproductive character displacement—can initiate speciation if mating behaviours become so divergent as to generate reproductive isolation between sympatric and allopatric conspecifics. We tested these ideas by using artificial neural networks to simulate the evolution of conspecific mate recognition in populations sympatric and allopatric with different heterospecifics. We found that advertisement calls diverged among the different conspecific populations. Consequently, networks strongly preferred calls from their own population to those from foreign conspecific populations. Thus, reproductive character displacement may promote reproductive isolation and, ultimately, speciation among conspecific populations.
Mod p decompositions of the loop spaces of compact symmetric spaces
Creators: name: Kaji, Shizuo
name: Ohsita, Akihiro
name: Theriault, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P15, 55P40

description: We give p-local homotopy decompositions of the loop spaces of compact, simply-connected symmetric spaces for quasi-regular primes. The factors are spheres, sphere bundles over spheres, and their loop spaces. As an application, upper bounds for the homotopy exponents are determined.
description: 31 pages
NanoSIMS, TEM, and XANES studies of a Unique Presolar Supernova Graphite Grain
Creators: name: Groopman, Evan
name: Nittler, Larry R.
name: Bernatowicz, Thomas
name: Zinner, Ernst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on isotopic and microstructural investigations of a unique presolar supernova (SN) graphite grain, referred to as G6, isolated from the Orgueil CI chondrite. G6 contains complex heterogeneities in its isotopic composition and in its microstructure. Nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer isotope images of ultramicrotome sections reveal heterogeneities in its C, N, and O isotopic compositions, including anomalous shell-like structures. Transmission electron microscope studies reveal a nanocrystalline core surrounded by a turbostratic graphite mantle, the first reported nanocrystalline core from a low-density SN graphite grain. Electron diffraction analysis shows that the nanocrystalline core consists of randomly oriented 2-4 nm graphene particles, similar to those in cores of high-density (HD) presolar graphite grains from asymptotic giant branch stars. G6's core also exhibits evidence for planar stacking of these graphene nano-sheets with a domain size up to 4.5 nm, which was unobserved in the nanocrystalline cores of HD graphite grains. We also report on X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements of G6. The complex isotopic- and micro-structure of G6 provides evidence for mixing and/or granular transport in SN ejecta.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures
Aluminium acetate as alternative cross-linker for temperature controlled gel-casting and joining of ceramics
Creators: name: Brandes, Christoph
name: Hoog Antink, Marieke Melanie
name: Kroll, Stephen
name: Treccani, Laura
name: Rezwan, Kurosch
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Gel-casting
subject: Ceramic joining
subject: Ionotropic gelation
subject: Gel-forming rheology
subject: Microstructure
subject: Mimenima
subject: 620

description: In an earlier established gel-casting process, the biopolymer alginate is cross-linked with Ca2+-ions released through the temperature controlled dissolution of calcium iodate-particles (Ca(IO3)2). In this study, aluminum acetate (AlAc) is compared to Ca(IO3)2 as an alternative temperature controlled cross-linker for an alginate–alumina slurry. Both cross-linkers are characterized regarding gel-forming properties, resulting microstructure, impurities, mechanics of sintered parts and the ability of joining ceramic blocks in the green state via connecting gelation with and without adding slurry. Rheological measurements show that both cross-linker have a similar gelling behavior and lead to gelled blocks of high quality. AlAc-particle create a denser and more homogenous microstructure, while Ca(IO3)2-particles induce pores, abnormal grain growth and lower mechanical values. Nevertheless Ca(IO3)2 shows excellent joining properties which makes it a suitable alternative to pressure joining. In summary, AlAc is an excellent alternative cross-linker but Ca(IO3)2 remains the method of choice for joining gelled bodies.
Blowup for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an inhomogeneous damping term in the $L^2$ critical case
Creators: name: Correia, Simão
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q41, 35B44

description: We consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with $L^2$-critical exponent and an inhomogeneous damping term. By using the tools developed by Merle and Raphael, we prove the existence of blowup phenomena in the energy space $H^1(\mathbb{R})$.
An open-source automated magnetic optical density meter for analysis of suspensions of magnetic cells and particles
Creators: name: Welleweerd, Marcel K.
name: Hageman, Tijmen
name: Pichel, Marc
name: van As, Dave
name: Keizer, Hans
name: Hendrix, Jordi
name: Micheal, Mina M.
name: Khalil, Islam S. M.
name: Mir, Alveena
name: Korkmaz, Nuriye
name: Kräwinkel, Robbert
name: Chevrier, Daniel
name: Faivre, Damien
name: Fernandez-Castane, Alfred
name: Pfeiffer, Daniel
name: Abelmann, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a spectrophotometer (optical density meter) combined with electromagnets dedicated to the analysis of suspensions of magnetotactic bacteria. The instrument can also be applied to suspensions of other magnetic cells and magnetic particles. We have ensured that our system, called MagOD, can be easily reproduced by providing the source of the 3D prints for the housing, electronic designs, circuit board layouts, and microcontroller software. We compare the performance of our system to existing adapted commercial spectrophotometers. In addition, we demonstrate its use by analyzing the absorbance of magnetotactic bacteria as a function of their orientation with respect to the light path and their speed of reorientation after the field has been rotated by 90 degrees. We continuously monitored the development of a culture of magnetotactic bacteria over a period of five days, and measured the development of their velocity distribution over a period of one hour. Even though this dedicated spectrophotometer is relatively simple to construct and cost-effective, a range of magnetic field-dependent parameters can be extracted from suspensions of magnetotactic bacteria. Therefore, this instrument will help the magnetotactic research community to understand and apply this intriguing micro-organism.
A new Chinese specimen indicates that 'protofeathers' in the Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Sinosauropteryx are degraded collagen fibres
Creators: name: Feduccia, A.
name: Lingham-Soliar, T.
name: Wang, X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Alleged primitive feathers or protofeathers in the theropod dinosaur Sinosauropteryx have potentially profound implications concerning feather morphogenesis, evolution of flight, dinosaur physiology and perhaps even the origin of birds, yet their existence has never been adequately documented. We report on a new specimen of Sinosauropteryx which shows that the integumental structures proposed as protofeathers are the remains of structural fibres that provide toughness. The preservation in the proximal tail area reveals an architecture of closely associated bands of fibres parallel to the tail's long axis, which originate from the skin. In adjacent more exposed areas, the fibres are short, fragmented and disorganized. Fibres preserved dorsal to the neck and back and in the distal part of the tail are the remains of a stiffening system of a frill, peripheral to the body and extending from the head to the tip of the tail. These findings are confirmed in the holotype Sinosauropteryx and NIGP 127587. The fibres show a striking similarity to the structure and levels of organization of dermal collagen. The proposal that these fibres are protofeathers is dismissed.
Low-temperature behavior of the statistics of the overlap distribution in Ising spin-glass models
Creators: name: Wittmann, Matthew
name: Yucesoy, B.
name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
name: Machta, J.
name: Young, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Monte Carlo simulations, we study in detail the overlap distribution for individual samples for several spin-glass models including the infinite-range Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, short-range Edwards-Anderson models in three and four space dimensions, and one-dimensional long-range models with diluted power-law interactions. We study three long-range models with different powers as follows: the first is approximately equivalent to a short-range model in three dimensions, the second to a short-range model in four dimensions, and the third to a short-range model in the mean-field regime. We study an observable proposed earlier by some of us which aims to distinguish the "replica symmetry breaking" picture of the spin-glass phase from the "droplet picture," finding that larger system sizes would be needed to unambiguously determine which of these pictures describes the low-temperature state of spin glasses best, except for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model which is unambiguously described by replica symmetry breaking. Finally, we also study the median integrated overlap probability distribution and a typical overlap distribution, finding that these observables are not particularly helpful in distinguishing the replica symmetry breaking and the droplet pictures.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Mimicry on the edge: why do mimics vary in resemblance to their model in different parts of their geographical range?
Creators: name: Harper, G. R
name: Pfennig, D. W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Batesian mimics—benign species that predators avoid because they resemble a dangerous species—often vary geographically in resemblance to their model. Such geographical variation in mimic–model resemblance may reflect geographical variation in model abundance. Natural selection should favour even poor mimics where their model is common, but only good mimics where their model is rare. We tested these predictions in a snake-mimicry complex where the geographical range of the mimic extends beyond that of its model. Mimics on the edge of their model's range (where the model was rare) resembled the model more closely than did mimics in the centre of their model's range (where the model was common). When free-ranging natural predators on the edge of the model's range were given a choice of attacking replicas of good or poor mimics, they avoided only good mimics. By contrast, those in the centre of the model's range attacked good and poor mimics equally frequently. Generally, although poor mimics may persist in areas where their model is common, only the best mimics should occur in areas where their model is rare. Thus, counter-intuitively, the best mimics may occur on the edge of their model's range.
Conjugate Frobenius manifold and inversion symmetry
Creators: name: Al-Maamari, Zainab
name: Dinar, Yassir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D45

description: We give a conjugacy relation on certain type of Frobenius manifold structures using the theory of flat pencils of metrics. It leads to a geometric interpretation for the inversion symmetry of solutions to Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde (WDVV) equations
description: Major revision for the first version. Title is changed, general theorem and examples are given and make use of the theory of Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic type
On Fréchet-Hilbert Algebras
Creators: name: Mantoiu, M.
name: Purice, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46L65, Secundary 35S05, 46K15

description: We consider Hilbert algebras with a supplementary Fréchet topology and get various extensions of the algebraic structure by using duality techniques. In particular we obtain optimal multiplier-type involutive algebras, which in applications are large enough to be of significant practical use. The setting covers many situations arising from quantization rules, as those involving square-integrable families of bounded operators.
description: 12 pages
Parallel evolution and ecological selection: replicated character displacement in spadefoot toads
Creators: name: Rice, A. M.
name: Leichty, A. R.
name: Pfennig, D. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Ecological character displacement—trait evolution stemming from selection to lessen resource competition between species—is most often inferred from a pattern in which species differ in resource-use traits in sympatry but not in allopatry, and in which sympatric populations within each species differ from conspecific allopatric populations. Yet, without information on population history, the presence of a divergent phenotype in multiple sympatric populations does not necessarily imply that there has been repeated evolution of character displacement. Instead, such a pattern may arise if there has been character displacement in a single ancestral population, followed by gene flow carrying the divergent phenotype into multiple, derived, sympatric populations. Here, we evaluate the likelihood of such historical events versus ongoing ecological selection in generating divergence in trophic morphology between multiple populations of spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata) tadpoles that are in sympatry with a heterospecific and those that are in allopatry. We present both phylogenetic and population genetic evidence indicating that the same divergent trait, which minimizes resource competition with the heterospecific, has arisen independently in multiple sympatric populations. These data, therefore, provide strong indirect support for competition's role in divergent trait evolution.
Hard-sphere interactions in velocity jump models
Creators: name: Franz, Benjamin
name: Taylor-King, Jake
name: Yates, Christian
name: Erban, Radek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Group-level behaviour of particles undergoing a velocity jump process with hard-sphere interactions is investigated. We derive $N$-particle transport equations that include the possibility of collisions between particles and apply different approximation techniques to get expressions for the dependence of the collective diffusion coefficient on the number of particles and their diameter. The derived approximations are compared with numerical results obtained from individual-based simulations. The theoretical results compare well with Monte Carlo simulations providing the excluded volume fraction is small.
description: Submitted to Physical Review E
An insight into the principles of lignocellulosic biomass-based zero-waste biorefineries: a green leap towards imperishable energy-based future
Creators: name: Nair, Lakshana G.
name: Agrawal, Komal
name: Verma, Pradeep
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is an energy source that has a huge impact in today’s world. The depletion of fossil fuels, increased pollution, climatic changes, etc. have led the public and private sectors to move towards sustainability i.e. using LCB for the production of biofuels and value-added compounds. A major bottleneck of the process is the recalcitrant nature of LCB. This can be overcome by using various pretreatment strategies like physical, chemical, biological, physicochemical, etc. Further, the pretreated biomass is made to undergo various steps like hydrolysis, saccharification, etc. for the conversion of value-added products and the remaining waste residues can be further utilized for the synthesis of secondary products thus favouring the zero-waste biorefinery concept. Currently, microorganisms are being explored for their use in biorefinery but the unavailability of commercial strains is a major limitation. Thus, the use of metagenomics can be used to overcome the limitation which is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The review deliberates the composition of LCBs, and their recalcitrance nature, followed by the structural changes caused by various pretreatment methods. The further steps in biorefineries, strategies for the development of zero-waste refineries, bottlenecks, and suggestions are also discussed. Special emphasis is given to the use of metagenomics for the discovery of microorganisms efficient for zero-waste biorefineries.
Brasilien: Volk und Kirche(n)
Creators: name: Beozzo, José Oscar
name: Susin, Luiz Carlos
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 38 Nr. 3 (2002): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 38, Heft 3
On discontinuities when computing the stress-field from the strain: a finite volume discretization
Creators: name: Cameron, Benjamin C.
name: Tasan, C. Cem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a widely applicable system of hyperbolic partial differential equations has been derived that enables the deterministic computation of a full heterogeneous stress field from a measured deformation field, for example, from a strain field obtained via digital image correlation. This information enables the determination of material properties, making this approach an alternative to finite element model updating or the virtual fields method. This article focuses on developing a finite volume discretization of this system of equations to address instabilities that arise from violations of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition. The developed discretization enables the system of equations to be applied to irregular geometries and finite deformation. We determine how, in general, one may translate knowledge of the traction at the boundary into boundary conditions, so that the numerical method can be applied to a variety of loading conditions. We analyse the solution structure in the case of deformation discontinuities, and the results are applied to account for discontinuities at the interfaces between finite volumes (this has relevance to other applications such as composite materials). Interestingly, the discontinuities cause reflection and transmission of the principal stresses. The finite volume discretization is validated using data output from commercial finite element software. Furthermore, the discretization is applied to an experimental uniaxial tension test with plastic deformation and necking. The strain field is obtained using digital image correlation, and the stress field is computed using the developed finite volume discretization. Together, these give the stress-strain behavior for each material element.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares: I. Magnetic Energies
Creators: name: Aschwanden, Markus J.
name: Xu, Yan
name: Jing, Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first part of a project on the global energetics of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that includes about 400 M- and X-class flares observed with AIA and HMI onboard SDO. We calculate the potential energy, free energy, and the flare-dissipated magnetic energy. We calculate these magnetic parameters using two different NLFFF codes: The COR-NLFFF code uses the line-of-sight magnetic field component $B_z$ from HMI to define the potential field, and the 2D coordinates of automatically detected coronal loops in 6 coronal wavelengths from AIA to measure the helical twist of coronal loops caused by vertical currents, while the PHOT-NLFFF code extrapolates the photospheric 3D vector fields. We find agreement between the two codes in the measurement of free energies and dissipated energies within a factor of $ \approx 3$. The size distributions of magnetic parameters exhibit powerlaw slopes that are approximately consistent with the fractal-diffusive self-organized criticality model. The magnetic parameters exhibit scaling laws for the nonpotential energy, $E_{np} \propto E_p^{1.02}$, for the free energy, $E_{free} \propto E_p^{1.7}$ and $E_{free} \propto B_φ^{1.0} L^{1.5}$, for the dissipated energy, $E_{diss} \propto E_p^{1.6}$ and $E_{diss} \propto E_{free}^{0.9}$, and the energy dissipation volume, $V \propto E_{diss}^{1.2}$. The potential energies vary in the range of $E_p = 1 \times 10^{31} - 4 \times 10^{33}$ erg, while the free energy has a ratio of $E_{free}/E_p \approx 1%-25%$. The Poynting flux amounts to $F_{flare} \approx 5 \times 10^{8} - 10^{10}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ during flares, which averages to $F_{AR} \approx 6 \times 10^6$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ during the entire observation period and is comparable with the coronal heating rate requirement in active regions.
description: 63 pages, 22 Figures, 4 Tables, Paper I of series on "Global Energetics of Solar Flares"
Diet and hormonal manipulation reveal cryptic genetic variation: implications for the evolution of novel feeding strategies
Creators: name: Ledon-Rettig, C. C.
name: Crespi, E. J.
name: Pfennig, D. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: When experiencing resource competition or abrupt environmental change, animals often must transition rapidly from an ancestral diet to a novel, derived diet. Yet, little is known about the proximate mechanisms that mediate such rapid evolutionary transitions. Here, we investigated the role of diet-induced, cryptic genetic variation in facilitating the evolution of novel resource-use traits that are associated with a new feeding strategy—carnivory—in tadpoles of spadefoot toads (genus Spea). We specifically asked whether such variation in trophic morphology and fitness is present in Scaphiopus couchii, a species that serves as a proxy for ancestral Spea. We also asked whether corticosterone, a vertebrate hormone produced in response to environmental signals, mediates the expression of this variation. Specifically, we compared broad-sense heritabilities of tadpoles fed different diets or treated with exogenous corticosterone, and found that novel diets can expose cryptic genetic variation to selection, and that diet-induced hormones may play a role in revealing this variation. Our results therefore suggest that cryptic genetic variation may have enabled the evolutionary transition to carnivory in Spea tadpoles, and that such variation might generally facilitate rapid evolutionary transitions to novel diets.
Early origins of inflammation: microbial exposures in infancy predict lower levels of C-reactive protein in adulthood
Creators: name: Adair, L.
name: Kuzawa, C. W.
name: Rutherford, J.
name: McDade, T. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Ecological factors are important determinants of the development and function of anti-pathogen defences. Inflammation is a central part of innate immunity, but the developmental factors that shape the regulation of inflammation are not known. We test the hypothesis that microbial exposures in infancy are associated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) in adulthood using prospective data from a birth cohort in the Philippines (n = 1461). Lower birth weight was associated with increased CRP, consistent with a role for inflammation in the widely documented inverse relationship between birth weight and adult cardiovascular diseases. In addition, higher levels of microbial exposure in infancy were associated with lower CRP. These associations were independent of socioeconomic status, measures of current body fat and other health behaviours. We conclude that measures of microbial exposure and nutrition during the pre-natal and early post-natal periods are important predictors of CRP concentration in young adulthood. We speculate that the development of anti-inflammatory regulatory networks in response to early microbial exposure represents plasticity in the development of anti-pathogen defences, and that this process may help explain the low CRP concentrations in this population.
Efficient ab initio many-body calculations based on sparse modeling of Matsubara Green's function
Creators: name: Shinaoka, Hiroshi
name: Chikano, Naoya
name: Gull, Emanuel
name: Li, Jia
name: Nomoto, Takuya
name: Otsuki, Junya
name: Wallerberger, Markus
name: Wang, Tianchun
name: Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This lecture note reviews recently proposed sparse-modeling approaches for efficient ab initio many-body calculations based on the data compression of Green's functions. The sparse-modeling techniques are based on a compact orthogonal basis, an intermediate representation (IR) basis, for imaginary-time and Matsubara Green's functions. A sparse sampling method based on the IR basis enables solving diagrammatic equations efficiently. We describe the basic properties of the IR basis, the sparse sampling method and its applications to ab initio calculations based on the GW approximation and the Migdal-Eliashberg theory. We also describe a numerical library for the IR basis and the sparse sampling method, sparse-ir, and provide its sample codes. This lecture note follows the Japanese review article with major revisions [H. Shinaoka et al., Solid State Physics 56(6), 301 (2021)].
description: 29 pages, 11 figures
MPEC 2023-U270 : 2022 MJ15
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2022 MJ15

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Non-Hermitian skin clusters from strong interactions
Creators: name: Shen, Ruizhe
name: Lee, Ching Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong, non-perturbative interactions often lead to new exciting physics, as epitomized by emergent anyons from the Fractional Quantum Hall effect. Within the actively investigated domain of non-Hermitian physics, we discover a new family of states known as non-Hermitian skin clusters. Taking distinct forms as Vertex, Topological, Interface, Extended, and Localized skin clusters, they generically originate from asymmetric correlated hoppings on a lattice, in the strongly interacting limit with quenched single-body energetics. Distinct from non-Hermitian skin modes which accumulate at boundaries, our skin clusters are predominantly translation-invariant particle clusters. As purely interacting phenomena, they fall outside the purview of generalized Brillouin zone analysis, although our effective lattice formulation provides alternative analytic and topological characterization. Non-Hermitian skin clusters fundamentally originate from the fragmentation structure of the Hilbert space and may thus be of significant interest in modern many-body contexts like the ETH and quantum scars.
description: 21 pages,18 figures, and 1 table in total. Comments are welcome
High-model abundance may permit the gradual evolution of Batesian mimicry: an experimental test
Creators: name: Kikuchi, D. W.
name: Pfennig, D. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In Batesian mimicry, a harmless species (the ‘mimic’) resembles a dangerous species (the ‘model’) and is thus protected from predators. It is often assumed that the mimetic phenotype evolves from a cryptic phenotype, but it is unclear how a population can transition through intermediate phenotypes; such intermediates may receive neither the benefits of crypsis nor mimicry. Here, we ask if selection against intermediates weakens with increasing model abundance. We also ask if mimicry has evolved from cryptic phenotypes in a mimetic clade. We first present an ancestral character-state reconstruction showing that mimicry of a coral snake (Micrurus fulvius) by the scarlet kingsnake (Lampropeltis elapsoides) evolved from a cryptic phenotype. We then evaluate predation rates on intermediate phenotypes relative to cryptic and mimetic phenotypes under conditions of both high- and low-model abundances. Our results indicate that where coral snakes are rare, intermediate phenotypes are attacked more often than cryptic and mimetic phenotypes, indicating the presence of an adaptive valley. However, where coral snakes are abundant, intermediate phenotypes are not attacked more frequently, resulting in an adaptive landscape without a valley. Thus, high-model abundance may facilitate the evolution of Batesian mimicry.
BPS Algebras in 2D String Theory
Creators: name: Harrison, Sarah M.
name: Paquette, Natalie M.
name: Persson, Daniel
name: Volpato, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss a set of heterotic and type II string theory compactifications to 1+1 dimensions that are characterized by factorized internal worldsheet CFTs of the form $V_1\otimes \bar V_2$, where $V_1, V_2$ are self-dual (super) vertex operator algebras. In the cases with spacetime supersymmetry, we show that the BPS states form a module for a Borcherds-Kac-Moody (BKM) (super)algebra, and we prove that for each model the BKM (super)algebra is a symmetry of genus zero BPS string amplitudes. We compute the supersymmetric indices of these models using both Hamiltonian and path integral formalisms. The path integrals are manifestly automorphic forms closely related to the Borcherds-Weyl-Kac denominator. Along the way, we comment on various subtleties inherent to these low-dimensional string compactifications.
description: 74 pages
Mimics without models: causes and consequences of allopatry in Batesian mimicry complexes
Creators: name: Pfennig, D. W.
name: Mullen, S. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Batesian mimicry evolves when a palatable species (the ‘mimic’) co-opts a warning signal from a dangerous species (the ‘model’) and thereby deceives its potential predators. Longstanding theory predicts that this protection from predation should break down where the model is absent. Thus, mimics are expected to only co-occur with their model. Yet, many mimics violate this prediction and occur in areas where their model is absent. Here, we discuss the causes and consequences of such allopatric mimics. We also describe how these ‘rule-bending’ mimics provide critical insights into diverse topics ranging from how Batesian mimicry evolves to its possible role in speciation.
Phylogeny, niche conservatism and the latitudinal diversity gradient in mammals
Creators: name: Grytnes, J. A.
name: Davies, T. J.
name: Hawkins, B. A.
name: Harrison, S. P.
name: Anacker, B. L.
name: Buckley, L. B.
name: Kraft, N. J. B.
name: McCain, C. M.
name: Ackerly, D. D.
name: Wiens, J. J.
name: Damschen, E. I.
name: Cornell, H. V.
name: Stephens, P. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Biologists have long searched for mechanisms responsible for the increase in species richness with decreasing latitude. The strong correlation between species richness and climate is frequently interpreted as reflecting a causal link via processes linked to energy or evolutionary rates. Here, we investigate how the aggregation of clades, as dictated by phylogeny, can give rise to significant climate–richness gradients without gradients in diversification or environmental carrying capacity. The relationship between climate and species richness varies considerably between clades, regions and time periods in a global-scale phylogenetically informed analysis of all terrestrial mammal species. Many young clades show negative richness–temperature slopes (more species at cooler temperatures), with the ages of these clades coinciding with the expansion of temperate climate zones in the late Eocene. In carnivores, we find steeply positive richness–temperature slopes in clades with restricted distributions and tropical origins (e.g. cat clade), whereas widespread, temperate clades exhibit shallow, negative slopes (e.g. dog–bear clade). We show that the slope of the global climate–richness gradient in mammals is driven by aggregating Chiroptera (bats) with their Eutherian sister group. Our findings indicate that the evolutionary history should be accounted for as part of any search for causal links between environment and species richness.
Supplementary document for Interferometric quantum control (IQC) by fs/ns rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (RCARS) - 6605295.pdf
Creators: name: Raveesh, Meena
name: Dominguez, Armand
name: Linne, Mark
name: Bood, Joakim
name: Hosseinnia, Ali
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1: Experimental calibration of the delay time
Sea turtle nesting distributions and oceanographic constraints on hatchling migration
Creators: name: Putman, N. F.
name: Lohmann, K. J.
name: Bane, J. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Patterns of abundance across a species's reproductive range are influenced by ecological and environmental factors that affect the survival of offspring. For marine animals whose offspring must migrate long distances, natural selection may favour reproduction in areas near ocean currents that facilitate migratory movements. Similarly, selection may act against the use of potential reproductive areas from which offspring have difficulty emigrating. As a first step towards investigating this conceptual framework, we analysed loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nest abundance along the southeastern US coast as a function of distance to the Gulf Stream System (GSS), the ocean current to which hatchlings in this region migrate. Results indicate that nest density increases as distance to the GSS decreases. Distance to the GSS can account for at least 90 per cent of spatial variation in regional nest density. Even at smaller spatial scales, where local beach conditions presumably exert strong effects, at least 38 per cent of the variance is explained by distance from the GSS. These findings suggest that proximity to favourable ocean currents strongly influences sea turtle nesting distributions. Similar factors may influence patterns of abundance across the reproductive ranges of diverse marine animals, such as penguins, eels, salmon and seals.