cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Modeling of Adsorbate Interactions on Transition Metal Alloy Surfaces
Creators: name: Boes, Jacob Russell
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Transition metals represent some of the first catalysts used in industrial processes and are still used today to produce many of the most needed chemicals. Adopting from ancient metallurgical techniques, it followed that the performance of these basic transition metals can be refined by adding multiple components. Since that time, improvements to these alloy catalysts has been mostly incremental due to the difficulty of producing new catalysts experimentally and a lack of fundamental understanding of the underlying physics. More recently, computational chemistry has proven itself an increasingly effective means for identifying these underlying physics. Through the use of d-band interactions of adsorbates with the surface, basic adsorption characteristics can be predicted across transition metals with limited initial information. However, although these models function well as high-level screening tools, much work is yet to be done before optimal catalysts can be comfortably designed from properties which experimentalists can directly control. This remains particularly challenging for alloy modeling, primarily due to the large number of possible atomic configurations, even for two metal systems. This work focuses on developing the methods for modeling optimal reaction properties at the surface of a transition metal alloy. Based on thermodynamic equilibrium between the surface, bulk, and gas reservoir, a model for the prediction of segregation under vacuum and adsorbate conditions can be predicted. Furthermore, by relating strain in the bulk lattice constant to the adsorption energies of varying local active sites, the optimal surface compositions can be related to bulk composition; a feature which can easily be selected for. Although useful for identifying trends across bulk composition space, these methods are limited to a small subset of active site configurations. To capture the complexity of more sophisticated processes, such as segregation, higher-timescale methods are required. Traditional computational tools are often too expensive to implement for these methods, and as such, they are usually completed with less-accurate potentials. In this work, we demonstrate that machine learning techniques have improved accuracy compared to physical potentials. We then go on to demonstrate how this improved accuracy can lead to experimentally accurate predictions of segregation.
Additional file 2 of Intron-mediated enhancement of DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 expression in energycane promotes a step change for lipid accumulation in vegetative tissues
Creators: name: Cao, Viet Dang
name: Luo, Guangbin
name: Korynta, Shelby
name: Liu, Hui
name: Liang, Yuanxue
name: Shanklin, John
name: Altpeter, Fredy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Marine Biology
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. List of primers used for gene expression analysis. Table S2. Correlation of total FA content with TAG content in transgenic energycane during plant development. Table S3. Correlation of TAG content with total FA, biomass yield DW, height, circumference, stem diameter and tiller number in transgenic energycane.
Stellar Instability from Parametric Resonance
Creators: name: Maier, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we examine the stability of stellar configurations in which the interior solution is described by a closed FLRW geometry sourced with a charged pressureless fluid and radiation. An interacting vacuum component and a conformally coupled massive scalar field are also included. Given a simple factor for the energy transfer between the pressureless fluid and the vacuum component we obtain bounded interior oscillatory solutions. We show that in proper domains of the parameter space the interior dynamics is highly unstable so that the break of the KAM tori leads to a disruptive ejection of mass. For such configurations the interior solution asymptotically matches an exterior Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter spacetime.
description: Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Inhomogeneous condensates in the thermodynamics of the chiral NJL2 model
Creators: name: Thies, M.
name: Başar, G.
name: Dunne, G.V.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2009

description: We analyze the thermodynamical properties, at finite density and nonzero temperature, of the (1+1) dimensional chiral Gross-Neveu model (the NJL2 model), using the exact inhomogeneous (crystalline) condensate solutions to the gap equation. The continuous chiral symmetry of the model plays a crucial role, and the thermodynamics leads to a broken phase with a periodic spiral condensate, the "chiral spiral," as a thermodynamically preferred limit of the more general "twisted kink crystal" solution of the gap equation. This situation should be contrasted with the Gross-Neveu model, which has a discrete chiral symmetry, and for which the phase diagram has a crystalline phase with a periodic kink crystal. We use a combination of analytic, numerical, and Ginzburg-Landau techniques to study various parts of the phase diagram.
Superconducting cavity piezo-electromechanics: the realization of an acoustic frequency comb at microwave frequencies
Creators: name: Han, Xu
name: Zou, Chang-Ling
name: Fu, Wei
name: Xu, Mingrui
name: Xu, Yuntao
name: Tang, Hong X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a nonlinear multimode superconducting electroacoustic system, where the interplay between superconducting kinetic inductance and piezoelectric strong coupling establishes an effective Kerr nonlinearity among multiple acoustic modes at 10 GHz that could hardly be achieved via intrinsic mechanical nonlinearity. By exciting this multimode Kerr system with a single microwave tone, we further demonstrate a coherent electroacoustic frequency comb and provide theoretical understanding of multimode nonlinear interaction in the superstrong coupling limit. This nonlinear superconducting electroacoustic system sheds light on the active control of multimode resonator systems and offers an enabling platform for the dynamic study of microcombs at microwave frequencies.
The antiferromagnetic phase transition in the layered Cu$_{0.15}$Fe$_{0.85}$PS$_3$ semiconductor: experiment and DFT modelling
Creators: name: Pashchenko, V.
name: Bludov, O.
name: Baltrunas, D.
name: Mazeika, K.
name: Motria, S.
name: Glukhov, K.
name: Vysochanskii, Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental studies of the paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition through Mössbauer spectroscopy and measurements of temperature and field dependencies of magnetic susceptibility in the layered Cu$_{0.15}$Fe$_{0.85}$PS$_3$ crystal are presented. The peculiar behavior of the magnetization - field dependence at low-temperature region gives evidence of a weak ferromagnetism in the studied alloy. By the ab initio simulation of electronic and spin subsystems, in the framework of electron density functional theory, the peculiarities of spin ordering at low temperature as well as changes in interatomic interactions in the vicinity of the Cu substitutional atoms are analyzed. The calculated components of the electric field gradient tensor and asymmetry parameter for Fe ions are close to the ones found from Mössbauer spectra values. The Mulliken populations show that the main contribution to the ferromagnetic spin density is originated from $3d$-copper and $3p$-sulfur orbitals. The estimated total magnetic moment of the unit cell (8.543~emu/mol) is in reasonable agreement with the measured experimental value of $\sim9$~emu/mol.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Multiscale Phase-field Model for Phase Transformation and Fracture
Creators: name: Vaibhav  Agrawal
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90799 Environmental Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: We address two problems in this thesis. First, a phase-field model for structural phase transformations in solids and second, a model for dynamic fracture. The existing approaches for both phase transformations and fracture can be grouped into two categories. Sharp-interface models, where interfaces are singular surfaces; and regularized-interface models, such as phase-field models, where interfaces are smeared out. The former are challenging for numerical solutions because the interfaces or crack needs to be explicitly tracked, but have the advantage that the kinetics of existing interfaces or cracks and the nucleation of new interfaces can be transparently and precisely prescribed. The diffused interface models such as phasefield models do not require explicit tracking of interfaces and makes them computationally attractive. However, the specification of kinetics and nucleation is both restrictive and extremely opaque in such models. This prevents straightforward calibration of phase-field models to experiment and/or molecular simulations, and breaks the multiscale hierarchy of passing information from atomic to continuum. Consequently, phase-field models cannot be confidently used in dynamic settings. We present a model which has all the advantages of existing phase-field models but also allows us to prescribe kinetics and nucleation criteria. We present a number of examples to characterize and demonstrate the features of the model. We also extend it to the case of multiple phases where preserving kinetics of each kind of interface is more complex. We use the phase transformation model with certain changes to model dynamic fracture. We achieve the advantage of prescribing nucleation and kinetics independent of each other. We demonstrate examples of anisotropic crack propagation and crack propagation on an interface in a composite material. We also report some limitations of phase-field models for fracture which have not been mentioned in the existing literature. These limitations include dependence of effective crack width and hence the effective surface energy on the crack speed, lack of a reasonable approximation for the mechanical response of cracked region and inability to model large deformations.
Broadband Brillouin scattering study of ferroelectric instability of barium sodium niobate
Creators: name: Kojima, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The barium sodium niobate (BNN) with tungsten-bronze structure is one of well-known optical crystals for electro-optic and nonlinear optic applications. This paper reviews the ferroelectric instability of BNN crystals. BNN is a uniaxial ferroelectric with a spontaneous polarization along the tetragonal $c$-axis. There is no report on the observation of an optical soft mode responsible for a ferroelectric phase transition. In the vicinity of the Curie temperature, $T_{\text{C}}=560$°C, an intense central peak (CP) related to the polarization fluctuations along the $c$-axis was observed by the broadband Brillouin scattering experiment. The relaxation time determined by the CP width shows the critical slowing down towards $T_{\text{C}}$. This fact indicates that the ferroelectric instability of BNN is an order-disorder type.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Twisted kink crystal in the chiral Gross-Neveu model
Creators: name: Başar, G.
name: Dunne, G.V.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2008

description: We present the detailed properties of a self-consistent crystalline chiral condensate in the massless chiral Gross-Neveu model. We show that a suitable ansatz for the Gorkov resolvent reduces the functional gap equation, for the inhomogeneous condensate, to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is exactly soluble. The general crystalline solution includes as special cases all previously known real and complex condensate solutions to the gap equation. Furthermore, the associated Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation is also soluble with this inhomogeneous chiral condensate, and the exact spectral properties are derived. We find an all-orders expansion of the Ginzburg-Landau effective Lagrangian and show how the gap equation is solved order by order.
Critical exponents of the order parameter of diffuse ferroelectric phase transitions in the solid solutions based on lead germanate: studies of optical rotation
Creators: name: Adamenko, D. I.
name: Vlokh, R. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we show that the critical exponents of the order parameter (CEOPs) of diffuse ferroelectric phase transitions (DFEPTs) occurring in lead germanate-based crystals can be determined using experimental temperature dependences of their optical rotation. We also describe the approach that suggests dividing a crystal sample into many homogeneous unit cells, each of which is characterized by a non-diffuse phase transition with a specific local Curie temperature. Using this approach, the CEOPs have been determined for the pure Pb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$O$_{11}$ crystals, the solid solutions Pb$_{5}$(Ge$_{1-x}$Si$_{x}$)$_{3}$O$_{11}$ ($x = $0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40) and (Pb$_{1-x}$Ba$_{x}$)$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$O$_{11}$ ($x =$ 0.02, 0.05), and the doped crystals Pb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$O$_{11}$:Li$^{3+}$ (0.005 wt. %), Pb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$O$_{11}$:La$^{3+}$ (0.02 wt. %), Pb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$O$_{11}$:Eu$^{3+}$ (0.021 wt. %), Pb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$O$_{11}$:Li$^{3+}$, Bi$^{3+}$ (0.152 wt.~\%) and Pb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$O$_{11}$:Cu$^{2+}$ (0.14 wt. %). Comparison of our approach with the other techniques used for determining the Curie temperatures and the CEOPs of DFEPTs testifies to its essential advantages.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Meson turbulence at quark deconfinement from AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Koji
name: Kinoshita, Shunichiro
name: Murata, Keiju
name: Oka, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the QCD string picture at confining phase, we conjecture that the deconfinement transition always accompanies a condensation of higher meson resonances with a power-law behavior, "meson turbulence". We employ the AdS/CFT correspondence to calculate the meson turbulence for $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric QCD at large $N_c$ and at strong coupling limit, and find that the energy distribution to each meson level $n$ scales as $n^α$ with the universal scaling $α=-5$. The universality is checked for various ways to attain the quark deconfinement: a static electric field below/around the critical value, a time-dependent electric field quench, and a time-dependent quark mass quench, all result in the turbulent meson condensation with the universal power $α=-5$ around the deconfinement.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures
Effect of interlayer exchange coupling in spin-torque nano oscillator
Creators: name: Arun, R.
name: Gopal, R.
name: Chandrasekar, V. K.
name: Lakshmanan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of the magnetization of the free layer in a spin-torque nano oscillator (STNO) influenced by a noncollinear alignment between the magnetizations of the free and pinned layers due to an interlayer exchange coupling has been investigated theoretically. The orientations of the magnetization of the free layer with that of the pinned layer have been computed through the macrospin model and they are found to match well with experimental results. The bilinear and biquadratic coupling strengths make the current to switch the magnetization between two states or oscillate steadily. The expressions for the critical currents between which oscillations are possible and the critical bilinear coupling strength below which oscillations are not possible are derived. The frequency of the oscillations is shown to be tuned and increased to or above 300 GHz by the current which is the largest to date among nanopillar-shaped STNOs.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Journal of Applied Physics
Mass without radiation: heavily obscured AGN, the X-ray Background and the Black Hole Mass Density
Creators: name: Comastri, A.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Marconi, A.
name: Risaliti, G.
name: Salvati, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent revision of black hole scaling relations (Kormendy & Ho 2013), indicates that the local mass density in black holes should be increased by up to a factor of five with respect to previously determined values. The local black hole mass density is connected to the mean radiative efficiency of accretion through the time integral of the AGN volume density and a significant increase of the local black holes mass density would have interesting consequences on AGN accretion properties and demography. One possibility to explain a large black hole mass density is that most of the Black Hole growth is via radiatively inefficient channels such as super Eddington accretion, however, given the intrinsic degeneracies in the Soltan argument, this solution is not unique. Here we show how it is possible to accommodate a larger fraction of heavily buried, Compton thick AGN, without violating the limit imposed by the hard X-ray and mid-infrared backgrounds spectral energy density.
description: A&A Letters, in press; reference added
Complex Saddle Points and Disorder Lines in QCD at finite temperature and density
Creators: name: Nishimura, Hiromichi
name: Ogilvie, Michael C.
name: Pangeni, Kamal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties and consequences of complex saddle points are explored in phenomenological models of QCD at non-zero temperature and density. Such saddle points are a consequence of the sign problem, and should be considered in both theoretical calculations and lattice simulations. Although saddle points in finite-density QCD are typically in the complex plane, they are constrained by a symmetry that simplifies analysis. We model the effective potential for Polyakov loops using two different potential terms for confinement effects, and consider three different cases for quarks: very heavy quarks, massless quarks without modeling of chiral symmetry breaking effects, and light quarks with both deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration effects included in a pair of PNJL models. In all cases, we find that a single dominant complex saddle point is required for a consistent description of the model. This saddle point is generally not far from the real axis; the most easily noticed effect is a difference between the Polyakov loop expectation values $\left\langle {\rm Tr}_{F}P\right\rangle $ and $\left\langle {\rm Tr}_{F}P^{\dagger}\right\rangle $, and that is confined to small region in the $μ-T$ plane. In all but one case, a disorder line is found in the region of critical and/or crossover behavior. The disorder line marks the boundary between exponential decay and sinusoidally modulated exponential decay of correlation functions. Disorder line effects are potentially observable in both simulation and experiment. Precision simulations of QCD in the $μ-T$ plane have the potential to clearly discriminate between different models of confinement.
description: 33 pages, 20 figures
A retrospective analysis of mid-infrared observations of the Comet D/Shoemaker-Levy 9 and Wesley impacts on Jupiter
Creators: name: Sinclair, James A.
name: Lisse, Carey M.
name: Orton, Glenn S.
name: Krishnamoorthy, Meera
name: Fletcher, Leigh N.
name: Hora, Joseph
name: Palotai, Csaba
name: Hayward, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a retrospective analysis of Earth-based mid-infrared observations of Jupiter capturing the aftermath of the impacts by Comet D/Shoemaker-Levy 9 (henceforth SL9) in July 1994 and the Wesley impactor in July 2009. While the atmospheric effects of both impacts have been reported previously, we were motivated to re-examine both events using consistent methods to enable robust, quantitative comparisons. We analyzed spectrophotometry and spectroscopy capturing both impacts using two independent analyses: 1) a least-squares search over a grid of candidate mineral species to determine the composition of impact residue and 2) a radiative transfer analysis to derive atmospheric information. We observe that the SL9 impact sites are enhanced in stratospheric CH4 emissions at 7.9 um, due to shock heating and adiabatic compression from plume re-entry, and from 8.5 - 11.5 um due to stratospheric NH3 emission and non-gaseous cometary material. We derive NH3 concentrations of 5.7 ppmv at 30 mbar. In new findings, we find that the SL9 impact sites also exhibit a non-gaseous emission feature at 18 - 19 um. The non-gaseous emission at 8.5 - 11.5 and 18 - 19 um emission is best reproduced by predominantly amorphous olivine and obsidian at similar abundances. The Wesley impact site exhibits enhanced emissions from 8.8 - 11.5 and 18 - 19 um. We found this could be reproduced by predominantly amorphous olivine and stratospheric NH3 at concentrations of 150 ppbv at 30 mbar. Stratospheric NH3 abundances are a factor of 40 higher in the SL9 impacts compared to the Wesley impact, which confirms the former reached deeper, NH3-richer altitudes of the atmosphere. The absence of silicas in the Wesley impact would place an upper limit of 10 km/s on the incident velocity and 9 degree on the entry angle of the impactor such that temperatures were insufficient to convert silicates.
Inflation in de Sitter spacetime and CMB large scales anomaly
Creators: name: Zhao, Dong
name: Li, Ming-Hua
name: Wang, Ping
name: Chang, Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of cosmological constant type dark energy in the early universe is investigated. This is accommodated by a new dispersion relation in de Sitter spacetime. We perform a global fitting to explore the cosmological parameters space by using the CosmoMC package with the recently released Planck TT and WMAP Polarization datasets. Using the results from global fitting, we compute a new CMB temperature-temperature spectrum. The obtained TT spectrum has lower power compared with the one based on $Λ$CDM model at large scales.
description: 4 pages, 1 table, 3 figures
Large-scale frictionless jamming with power-law particle size distributions
Creators: name: Monti, Joseph M.
name: Clemmer, Joel T.
name: Srivastava, Ishan
name: Silbert, Leonardo E.
name: Grest, Gary S.
name: Lechman, Jeremy B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to significant computational expense, discrete element method simulations of jammed packings of size-dispersed spheres with size ratios greater than 1:10 have remained elusive, limiting the correspondence between simulations and real-world granular materials with large size dispersity. Invoking a recently developed neighbor binning algorithm, we generate mechanically-stable jammed packings of frictionless spheres with power-law size distributions containing up to nearly four million particles with size ratios up to 1:100. By systematically varying the width and exponent of the underlying power laws, we analyze the role of particle size distributions on the structure of jammed packings. The densest packings are obtained for size distributions that balance the relative abundance of large-large/intermediate and small-small particle contacts. Although the proportion of rattler particles and mean coordination number strongly depend on the size distribution, the mean coordination of non-rattler particles attains the frictionless isostatic value of six in all cases. The size distribution of non-rattler particles that participate in the load-bearing network exhibits no dependence on the width of the total particle size distribution beyond a critical particle size for low-magnitude exponent power laws. This signifies that only particles with sizes greater than the critical particle size contribute to the mechanical stability. However, for high-magnitude exponent power laws, all particle sizes participate in the mechanical stability of the packing.
Additional file 1 of Microbial hitchhikers harbouring antimicrobial-resistance genes in the riverine plastisphere
Creators: name: Zadjelovic, Vinko
name: Wright, Robyn J.
name: Borsetto, Chiara
name: Quartey, Jeannelle
name: Cairns, Tyler N.
name: Langille, Morgan G. I.
name: Wellington, Elizabeth M. H.
name: Christie-Oleza, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Materials used for the in-situ incubation in the River Sowe. Fig. S2. In-situ incubation site. Fig. S3. Heatmap showing relative abundance at the domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species levels. Fig. S4. Phylogenetic tree of the 214 bacterial MAGs generated from the in-situ metagenomes. Fig. S5. Total and average numbers of ARGs, toxins and virulence factors within all MAGs. Fig. S6. Microcosms setup for ex-situ experiments exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics.
Screening and collective effects in randomly pinned fluids: A new theoretical framework
Creators: name: Phan, Anh D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a theoretical framework for the dynamics of bulk isotropic hard-sphere systems in the presence of randomly pinned particles and apply this theory to supercooled water to validate it. Structural relaxation is mainly governed by local and non-local activated process. As the pinned fraction grows, a local caging constraint becomes stronger and the long range collective aspect of relaxation is screened by immobile obstacles. Different responses of the local and cooperative motions results in subtle predictions for how the alpha relaxation time varies with pinning and density. Our theoretical analysis for the relaxation time of water with pinned molecules quantitatively well describe previous simulations. In addition, the thermal dependence of relaxation for unpinned bulk water is also consistent with prior computational and experimental data.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
Theory of viscoelastic adhesion and friction
Creators: name: Carbone, Giuseppe
name: Mandriota, Cosimo
name: Menga, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel theory of the adhesive contact of linear viscoelastic materials against rigid substrates moving at constant velocity. Despite the non-conservative behavior of the system, the closure equation of the contact problem can be rigorously formulated in the form of a local energy balance. In the case of adhesiveless contacts, this is equivalent to enforce the stationarity of the total energy stored into the viscoelastic material. However, in the presence of interfacial adhesion, the appearance of non-conservative terms leads to different values of the energy release rates G1 and G2 at the contact trailing and leading edges, respectively. Specifically, the present theory predicts a non-monotonic trend of G1 and G2 as function of the indenter velocity, as well as a very significant enhancement of hysteretic friction due to the coupling between adhesion and viscoelasticity, compared to the adhesiveless case. Both predictions are in very good agreement with existing experimental data.
Self-consistent crystalline condensate in chiral Gross-Neveu and bogoliubov-de gennes systems
Creators: name: Dunne, G.V.
name: Başar, G.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2008

description: We derive a new exact self-consistent crystalline condensate in the (1+1)-dimensional chiral Gross-Neveu model. This also yields a new exact crystalline solution for the one dimensional Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations and the Eilenberger equation of semiclassical superconductivity. We show that the functional gap equation can be reduced to a solvable nonlinear equation and discuss implications for the temperature-chemical potential phase diagram.
On Using Feedback in a Gaussian Channel
Creators: name: Burnashev, Marat V.
name: Yamamoto, Hirosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For information transmission a discrete time channel with independent additive Gaussian noise is used. There is also another channel with independent additive Gaussian noise (the feedback channel), and the transmitter observes without delay all outputs of the forward channel via that channel. Transmission of nonexponential number of messages is considered (i.e. transmission rate equals zero) and the achievable decoding error exponent for such a combination of channels is investigated. The transmission method strengthens the method used by authors earlier for BSC and Gaussian channels. In particular, for small feedback noise, it allows to gain 33.3\% (instead of 23.6\% earlier in the similar case of Gaussian channel).
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1208.2786
Adjoint functors on the derived category of motives
Creators: name: Totaro, Burt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F42, 14C15, 18E30

description: Voevodsky's derived category of motives is the main arena today for the study of algebraic cycles and motivic cohomology. In this paper we study whether the inclusions of three important subcategories of motives have a left or right adjoint. These adjoint functors are useful constructions when they exist, describing the best approximation to an arbitrary motive by a motive in a given subcategory. We find a fairly complete picture: some adjoint functors exist, including a few which were previously unexplored, while others do not exist because of the failure of finite generation for Chow groups in various situations. For some base fields, we determine exactly which adjoint functors exist.
description: 18 pages
Nuclear Morphometry based Pattern Recognition in Pathology
Creators: name: Liu, Chi
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Given the strong association between aberrant nuclear morphology and tumor progression, changes in nuclear structure have remained the gold standard for cancer diagnosis for over 150 years. Recently, the rapid development of imaging hardware and computation power creates the opportunity for automated computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). Developing a robust and reliable pattern recognition pipeline is a pressing need to mine and analyze tons of nuclei data being captured. Among the rich studies on pattern recognition problems in pathology, automated nuclei detection, segmentation and cancer detection are the recurring tasks due to the importance and challenges of nuclei analysis. In this thesis, we propose and investigate the state-of-art methods in the CAD modules for maximizing the overall amount of information from images for decision making. We focus on nuclei segmentation and patient cancer detection in the nuclei image analysis pipeline. As the first step in nuclei analysis, we develop an unsupervised nuclei detection and segmentation approach for pathology images. Different from many supervised segmentation methods whose performances rely on the quality and quantity of training samples, the proposed method is able to automatically search for the nucleus contour by solving the shortest path problem with little user effort. We consider the cancer detection task as a set classification problem and propose a highly discriminative predictive model in the sense that it not only optimizes the classifier decision boundary but also transfers discriminative information to set representation learning. The innovation of the model is the integration of set representation learning and classifier training into one objective function for boosting the cancer detection performance. Experimental results showed that the new model provides significant improvements compared with state-of-art methods in the diagnostic challenges. In addition, we showed that the predictive model enables visual interpretation of discriminative nuclear characteristics representing the whole nuclei set. We believe the proposed model is quite general and provide experimental validations in several extended pattern recognition problems.
Provably Fast and Space-Efficient Parallel Biconnectivity
Creators: name: Dong, Xiaojun
name: Wang, Letong
name: Gu, Yan
name: Sun, Yihan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Biconnectivity is one of the most fundamental graph problems. The canonical parallel biconnectivity algorithm is the Tarjan-Vishkin algorithm, which has $O(n+m)$ optimal work (number of operations) and polylogarithmic span (longest dependent operations) on a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. However, Tarjan-Vishkin is not widely used in practice. We believe the reason is the space-inefficiency (it generates an auxiliary graph with $O(m)$ edges). In practice, existing parallel implementations are based on breath-first search (BFS). Since BFS has span proportional to the diameter of the graph, existing parallel BCC implementations suffer from poor performance on large-diameter graphs and can be even slower than the sequential algorithm on many real-world graphs. We propose the first parallel biconnectivity algorithm (FAST-BCC) that has optimal work, polylogarithmic span, and is space-efficient. Our algorithm first generates a skeleton graph based on any spanning tree of the input graph. Then we use the connectivity information of the skeleton to compute the biconnectivity of the original input. All the steps in our algorithm are highly-parallel. We carefully analyze the correctness of our algorithm, which is highly non-trivial. We implemented FAST-BCC and compared it with existing implementations, including GBBS, Slota and Madduri's algorithm, and the sequential Hopcroft-Tarjan algorithm. We ran them on a 96-core machine on 27 graphs, including social, web, road, $k$-NN, and synthetic graphs, with significantly varying sizes and edge distributions. FAST-BCC is the fastest on all 27 graphs. On average (geometric means), FAST-BCC is 5.1$\times$ faster than GBBS, and 3.1$\times$ faster than the best existing baseline on each graph.
FLEXIBILITE FINANCIERE : LA CLEF DU SUCCES DES ENTREPRENEURS DU SECTEUR INFORMEL
Creators: name: KOUMETIO KENFACK, Mireille
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: TPE/PME, secteur informel, Financement, Flexibilité financière, Résilience financière

description: Cette étude apporte des éclairages précieux sur la flexibilité financière des entreprises du secteur informel, en mettant en avant les obstacles auxquels elles sont confrontées et les stratégies qu'elles déploient pour surmonter ces défis. À travers une méthodologie qualitative, basée sur des entretiens semi-structurés avec des entrepreneurs du secteur informel, cette recherche appréhende comment ces acteurs parviennent à la résilience financière. Les résultats révèlent que les entrepreneurs du secteur informel ont recours à diverses sources de financement, incluant l'utilisation de leur épargne personnelle, le recours à des prêts informels ainsi que l'exploration de solutions alternatives telles que le crowdfunding. Ils font preuve d'une adaptabilité remarquable dans leurs choix de financement, prenant en considération les spécificités propres au secteur informel. Ces résultats fournissent une base solide pour les politiques et mesures visant à soutenir ces acteurs économiques et à favoriser leur développement au sein du secteur informel.
Physics-Based Manipulation Planning in Cluttered Human Environments
Creators: name: Dogar, Mehmet R.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This thesis presents a series of planners and algorithms for manipulation in cluttered human environments. The focus is on using physics-based predictions, particularly for pushing operations, as an effective way to address the manipulation challenges posed by these environments.
We introduce push-grasping, a physics-based action to grasp an object first by pushing it and then closing the fingers. We analyze the mechanics of push-grasping and demonstrate its effectiveness under clutter and object pose uncertainty. We integrate a planning system based on push-grasping to the geometric planners traditionally used in grasping. We then show that a similar approach can be used to perform manipulation with environmental contact in cluttered environments. We present a planner where the robot can simultaneously push multiple obstacles out of the way while grasping an object through clutter.
In the second part of this thesis we focus on planning a sequence of actions to manipulate clutter. We present a planning framework to rearrange clutter using prehensile and nonprehensile primitives. We show that our planner succeeds in environments where planners which only use prehensile primitives fail. We then explore the problem of manipulating clutter to search for a hidden object. We formulate the problem as minimizing the expected time to find the target, present two algorithms, and analyze their complexity and optimality.
Infrared spectroscopy of the 2019 eruption of the recurrent nova V3890 Sgr: separation into equatorial and polar winds revealed
Creators: name: Evans, A.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Woodward, C. E.
name: Banerjee, D. P. K.
name: Gehrz, R. D.
name: Starrfield, S.
name: Shahbandeh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present infrared spectroscopy of the 2019 eruption of the recurrent nova V3890 Sgr, obtained over the period 5.1-46.3 days after the eruption. The spectrum of the red giant became more prominent as the flux declined, and by day 46.3 dominated the spectrum. Hydrogen and helium emission lines consisted of a narrow component superposed on a broad pedestal. The full width at half maximum of the narrow components declined with time $t$ as the eruption progressed, as ${t}^{-0.74}$, whereas those of the broad components remained essentially constant. Conversely, the line fluxes of the narrow components of Pa,$β$ remained roughly constant, while those of the broad components declined by a factor $\sim30$ over a period of $\lesssim25$~days. The behaviour of the broad components is consistent with them arising in unencumbered fast-flowing ejecta perpendicular to the binary plane, in material that was ejected in a short $\sim3.3$-day burst. The narrow components arise in material that encounters the accumulated circumstellar material. The outburst spectra were rich in coronal lines. There were two coronal line phases, one that originated in gas ionised by supersoft X-ray source, the other in shocked gas. From the relative fluxes of silicon and sulphur coronal lines on day 23.4 - when the emitting gas was shocked - we deduce that the temperature of the coronal gas was $9.3\times10^5$~K, and that the abundances are approximately solar.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 2022 August 1. 19 pages, 10 figures
Tracing the Milky Way's Vestigial Nuclear Jet
Creators: name: Bicknell, G.V.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Wagner, A.Y.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Mukherjee, D.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing Ltd
Year: 2021

description: MeerKAT radio continuum and XMM-Newton X-ray images have recently revealed a spectacular bipolar channel at the Galactic Center that spans several degrees (~0.5 kpc). An intermittent jet likely formed this channel and is consistent with earlier evidence of a sustained, Seyfert-level outburst fueled by black hole accretion onto Sgr A* several Myr ago. Therefore, to trace a now weak jet that perhaps penetrated, deflected, and percolated along multiple paths through the interstellar medium, relevant interactions are identified and quantified in archival X-ray images, Hubble Space Telescope Paschen a images and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array millimeter-wave spectra, and new SOAR telescope IR spectra. Hydrodynamical simulations are used to show how a nuclear jet can explain these structures and inflate the ROSAT/eROSITA X-ray and Fermi ?-ray bubbles that extend 75 from the Galactic plane. Thus, our Galactic outflow has features in common with energetic, jet-driven structures in the prototypical Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068.
Possible non-thermal origin of the hard X-ray emission in the merging galaxy cluster SPT-CL J2031-4037
Creators: name: Mirakhor, M. S.
name: Walker, S. A.
name: Runge, J.
name: Diwanji, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-thermal emission from clusters of galaxies at the high-energy X-ray regime has been searched with various instruments, but the detection significance of this emission has yet been found to be either marginal or controversial. Taking advantage of NuSTAR's unique capability to focus X-rays in the hard energy band, we present a detailed analysis of 238 ks NuSTAR observations of the merging galaxy cluster SPT-CL J2031-4037, searching for non-thermal inverse Compton emission. Our spectral analysis of SPT-CL J2031-4037 shows a possibility that the hard X-ray emission of the cluster can be described by a non-thermal component, though we cannot completely rule out a purely thermal origin for this hard emission. Including the statistical and systematic uncertainties, our best model fit yields a 20-80 keV non-thermal flux of $3.93_{-1.10}^{+1.24} \times 10^{-12}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. The estimated non-thermal flux is comparable to those found in other galaxy clusters using NuSTAR and other X-ray instruments. Using this non-thermal flux with the existing radio data of the cluster, we estimate a volume-averaged magnetic field strength in the range of around 0.1-0.2 $μ$G.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Terahertz spectroscopy of N$^{18}$O and isotopic invariant fit of several nitric oxide isotopologs
Creators: name: Müller, Holger S. P.
name: Kobayashi, Kaori
name: Takahashi, Kazumasa
name: Tomaru, Kazuko
name: Matsushima, Fusakazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A tunable far-infrared laser sideband spectrometer was used to investigate a nitric oxide sample enriched in 18O between 0.99 and 4.75 THz. Regular, electric dipole transitions were recorded between 0.99 and 2.52 THz, while magnetic dipole transitions between the 2Pi(1/2) and 2Pi(3/2) spin-ladders were recorded between 3.71 and 4.75 THz. These data were combined with lower frequency data of N(18)$O (unlabeled atoms refer to (14)N and (16)O, respectively), with rotational data of NO, (15)NO, N(17)O, and (15)N(18)O, and with heterodyne infrared data of NO to be subjected to one isotopic invariant fit. Rotational, fine and hyperfine structure parameters were determined along with vibrational, rotational, and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown corrections. The resulting spectroscopic parameters permit prediction of rotational spectra suitable for the identification of various nitric oxide isotopologs especially in the interstellar medium by means of rotational spectroscopy.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure; part of the Marilyn Jacox special issue of the Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, in press
Tunneling analysis of null aether black hole theory in the background of Newman-Janis algorithm
Creators: name: Ali, Riasat
name: Babar, Rimsha
name: Asgher, Muhammad
name: Mustafa, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new asymptotically flat black hole solution in null aether theory (NAT) by applying Newman-Janis process. For this purpose, we study the asymptotically flat NAT black hole solution in Newman-Janis algorithm and then compute the tunneling radiation for NAT black hole. The Hawking temperature for NAT black hole depends upon the rotation parameter and charge of the black hole. The Hawking temperature describes a black hole with extremal event horizon. Furthermore, we analyze the graphical interpretation of Hawking temperature w.r.t event horizon and check the stability of black hole under the influence of different parameters associated with black hole temperature.
description: 11 Pages, 4 figures, Published in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Observation of type-III corner states induced by long-range interactions
Creators: name: Yang, Huanhuan
name: Song, Lingling
name: Cao, Yunshan
name: Yan, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-range interactions (LRIs) are ubiquitous in nature. Higher-order topological (HOT) insulator represents a new phase of matter. A critical issue is how LRI dictates the HOT phases. In this work, we discover four topologically distinct phases, i.e., HOT phase, the bound state in the continuum, Dirac semimetal (DSM) phase, and trivial insulator phase in a breathing kagome circuit with tunable LRIs. We find an emerging type-III corner state in the HOT phase, which splits from the edge state continuum and originates from the strong couplings between nodes at different edges. We experimentally detect this novel state by impedance and voltage measurements. In the DSM phase, the Dirac cone exhibits an itinerant feature with a tunable position that depends on the LRI strength. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the LRI effect on exotic topological states and pave the way for regulating interactions in topolectrical circuits.
description: (Accepted by Physical Review B)