cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An application of Target MOTAD Model to crop production in Zambia: Gwembe Valley as a case study
Creators: name: Maleka, Phiri
name: Maleka, Phiri
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The Zambian Government encourages crop production in the Gwembe Valley without taking into consideration the risks involved. These risks mainly originate from the stochastic nature of rainfall. This paper, therefore, identifies optimal cropping patterns in the Gwembe Valley by using Target MOT AD Model. The results of the Target MOT AD Model indicate an optimal cropping pattern of growing sorghum, rice and soyabeans. This is different from the existing cropping pattern of sorghum, sunflower, cotton and maize. The overall policy implication of adopting the cropping pattern obtained from the model solution is that some resources allocated to the production of current crops have to be reallocated to the production of new crops. Moreover, since people in the Gwembe Valley are used to growing of cotton, sunflower and maize, the adoption of the suggested new crops will entail the education of the people (through extension services) in the crop husbandry of these crops.
Growth in horticultural trade: Japan's market for developing countries
Creators: name: Honma, Masayoshi
name: Honma, Masayoshi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: This paper explores possibilities and opportunities of expansion of horticultural exports from developing countries through an investigation on a rapidly growing market, Japan, as an example among major promising markets. In this paper six horticultural commodities are selected to analyze, emphasizing on exports from developing countries. Observations on Japan's horticultural imports make us presume that consumers differentiate products by place of production. Therefore, import behavior is considered in a two-stage budgeting procedure. The second-stage demands for imports from different sources are specified in an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model and estimated statistically as well as the first-stage import demand equations. The estimated second-stage AIDS equations show that the magnitude of own-price coefficients varies with the source of imports and so does that of expenditure coefficients. Therefore, the characteristics of import demand on a commodity basis, which are captured by the estimates of the first-stage import demand equations, are not equally transmitted to the demand for imports by source in each commodity. The estimated coefficients of the first-stage import demand and the second-stage AIDS equations were combined to obtain the total effects of price and income changes on imports by source. The calculated own-price elasticities are greater than one in absolute value in ten of the 15 cases and so are the calculated income elasticities in twelve cases. The large elasticities promise suppliers that they benefit from Japan's income growth and that they increase their earnings if they can reduce the price by lowering their costs. However, factors in non-price competition also play import roles in the import growth. In this paper, the importance of sales promotions by exporters and preshipment inspections was indicated in the cases of mangoes and cut flowers. Other factors such as market structure and public infrastructure for post-harvest activities were also discussed.
Price and quantity controlled agricultural markets and disequilibrium econometrics: a survey
Creators: name: Oczkowski, Edward
name: Oczkowski, Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agribusiness
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This survey reviews the literature on estimating single markets in disequilibrium in the presence of regulated price andjor quantity controls, e.g., minimum price regimes andjor marketing quotas. Most of the literature is found to describe pure econometric technique, with only a few applications having emerged to date. Various reasons for the broad non-acceptance of this literature are offered, including a perceived lack of realism. Proposals to close this econometric theory-application gap are put forward, including: the use of effective demand concepts in specifying demand and supply functions; synthesizing some closely related literature on agricultural pricejquantity controls with disequilibrium econometrics (i.e., endogenous government policy and the effects controls have on yield uncertainty and price risk); and outlining more 'applicable' econometric technique extensions.
Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays
Creators: name: Belli, P.
name: Bernabei, R.
name: Danevich, F. A.
name: Incicchitti, A.
name: Tretyak, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current status of the experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays is reviewed. Several interesting observations of alpha and beta decays, previously unseen due to their large half-lives ($10^{15} - 10^{20}$ yr), have been achieved during the last years thanks to the improvements in the experimental techniques and to the underground locations of experiments that allows to suppress backgrounds. In particular, the list includes first observations of alpha decays of $^{151}$Eu, $^{180}$W (both to the ground state of the daughter nuclei), $^{190}$Pt (to excited state of the daughter nucleus), $^{209}$Bi (to the ground and excited states of the daughter nucleus). The isotope $^{209}$Bi has the longest known half-life of $T_{1/2} \approx 10^{19}$ yr relatively to alpha decay. The beta decay of $^{115}$In to the first excited state of $^{115}$Sn (E$_{exc} = 497.334$ keV), recently observed for the first time, has the $Q_β$ value of only $(147 \pm 10)$ eV, which is the lowest $Q_β$ value known to-date. Searches and investigations of other rare alpha and beta decays ($^{48}$Ca, $^{50}$V, $^{96}$Zr, $^{113}$Cd, $^{123}$Te, $^{178m2}$Hf, $^{180m}$Ta and others) are also discussed.
description: 41 pages, 33 figures; 11 tables
Additional file 1 of Small molecules block the interaction between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and CD163 receptor and the infection of pig cells
Creators: name: Huang, Chang
name: Bernard, Denzil
name: Zhu, Jiaqi
name: Dash, Radha Charan
name: Chu, Alexander
name: Knupp, Alec
name: Hakey, Anna
name: Hadden, M. Kyle
name: Garmendia, Antonio
name: Tang, Young
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1 Figure S1. Western Blotting of the BiFC SRCR5-VN, SRCR2-VN, and vector VN proteins. Figure S2. CD163 target site (with residues shown) for virtual screening. Figure S3. MTT assay of the B7 compound incubated with PAMs for 24 h. Figure S4: Direct titration of PRRSV incubated with DMSO or B7. Figure S5. MTT assay of the B7 and its analogue compounds incubated with PAMs for 24 h. Figure S6. PRRSV binding assay. Table S1. B7 and B7 Analogue Compounds Screened. Table S2. The Sequences of Primers Used In This Study.
Noserinus Casey 1907
Creators: name: Foley, Ian A.
name: Ivie, Michael A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Noserinus

description: Key to Species of Noserinus Casey
 1 Functional flight wings present; apical margin of elytra smooth. Central South America. Fig. 12............................... .............................................................................................................................................. N. dormeanus (Fairmaire)
 - Functional flight wings absent; apical margin of elytra with strongly projecting conical nodules. Northern South America. Fig. 11 .............................................................................................................................. N. furcatus (Kirsch)
description: Published as part of Foley, Ian A. & Ivie, Michael A., 2008, A phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Zopherini with a review of the species and generic classification (Coleoptera: Zopheridae), pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1928 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5230727
Statistical Physics of RNA-folding
Creators: name: Mueller, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We discuss the physics of RNA as described by its secondary structure. We examine the static properties of a homogeneous RNA-model that includes pairing and base stacking energies as well as entropic costs for internal loops. For large enough costs the model exhibits a thermal denaturation transition which we analyze in terms of the radius of gyration. We point out an inconsistency in the standard approach to RNA secondary structure prediction for large molecules. Under an external force a second order phase transition between a globular and an extended phase takes place. A Harris-type criterion shows that sequence disorder does not affect the correlation length exponent while the other critical exponents are modified in the glass phase. However, at high temperatures, on a coarse-grained level, disordered RNA is well described by a homogeneous model. The characteristics of force-extension curves are discussed as a function of the energy parameters. We show that the force transition is always second order. A re-entrance phenomenon relevant for real disordered RNA is predicted.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Production economics: Worthwhile investment?
Creators: name: Shumway, C. Richard
name: Shumway, C. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Production Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Agricultural production economics research is examined within a broad framework of scientific development and utilization. Recent findings in selected areas of the subdiscipline are examined and opportunities for further fruitful inquiry are identified. A few 'stylized facts' emerge from recent work and suggest the need for much careful hypothesis testing, model exploration, and empirical sensitivity analysis in the future.
Gate-tunable Strong Spin-orbit Interaction in Two-dimensional Tellurium Probed by Weak-antilocalization
Creators: name: Niu, Chang
name: Qiu, Gang
name: Wang, Yixiu
name: Zhang, Zhuocheng
name: Si, Mengwei
name: Wu, Wenzhuo
name: Ye, Peide D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tellurium (Te) has attracted great research interest due to its unique crystal structure since 1970s. However, the conduction band of Te is rarely studied experimentally because of the intrinsic p-type nature of Te crystal. By atomic layer deposited dielectric doping technique, we are able to access the conduction band transport properties of Te in a controlled fashion. In this paper, we report on a systematic study of weak-antilocalization (WAL) effect in n-type two-dimensional (2D) Te films. We find that the WAL agrees well with Iordanskii, Lyanda-Geller, and Pikus (ILP) theory. The gate and temperature dependent WAL reveals that Dyakonov-Perel (DP) mechanism is dominant for spin relaxation and phase relaxation is governed by electron-electron (e-e) interaction. Large phase coherence length near 600nm at T=1K is obtained, together with gate tunable spin-orbit interaction (SOI). Transition from weak-localization (WL) to weak-antilocalization (WAL) depending on gate bias is also observed. These results demonstrate that newly developed solution-based synthesized Te films provide a new controllable strong SOI 2D semiconductor with high potential for spintronic applications.
Estimating feed utilisation matrices using a cost function approach
Creators: name: Peeters, Ludo
name: Surry, Yves
name: Peeters, Ludo
name: Surry, Yves
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this paper a multiple-output cost function framework is proposed to construct national feed balances or feed utilisation matrices (FUMs). The framework is applied to the Belgian compound feed industry. For estimation purposes a Symmetric Generalised McFadden (SGM) cost function is selected. The cost function is estimated using readily available time-series data for the period 1962-88. Unlike previous studies based on duality theory, this study exploits the properties of nonjointness in animal feed production to establish a complete FUM. The allocation of feed ingredients among different livestock categories as well as the composition of various compound feeds are identified. Also own- and cross-price elasticities of demand for feed ingredients by type of livestock are reported.
The Virgo High-Resolution CO Survey. II. Rotation Curves and Dynamical Mass Distributions
Creators: name: Sofue, Y.
name: Koda, J.
name: Nakanishi, H.
name: Onodera, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a high-resolution CO survey of Virgo spirals with the Nobeyama Millimeter-wave Array, we determined the dynamical centers using velocity fields, and derived position-velocity diagrams (PVDs) along the major axes of the galaxies across their dynamical centers. We applied a new iteration method to derive rotation curves (RCs), which reproduce the observed PVDs. The obtained high-accuracy RCs generally show steep rise in the central 100 to 200 pc regions, followed by flat rotation in the disk. We applied a deconvolution method to calculate the surface-mass density (SMD) using the RCs based on two extreme assumptions that the mass distribution is either spherical or thin-disk shaped. Both assumptions give nearly identical results, agreeing with each other within a factor of two at any radii. The SMD distributions revealed central massive cores with peak SMD of 10^4 - 10^5 Msun pc^-2 and total mass within 200 pc radius of the order of about 10^9 Msun Correlation analysis among the derived parameters show that the central CO-line intensity is positively correlated with the central SMD, which suggests that the deeper is the gravitational potential, the higher is the molecular gas concentration in the nuclei regardless morphological types.
description: PASJ 2003 in press, Latex 12 pages, 6 figures (Bigger gif/ps figures available at http://www.ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/radio/virgo2/
Advanced breakeven analysis of agricultural enterprise budgets
Creators: name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Dillon, Carl R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Production Economics

description: Advanced conceptual techniques for breakeven analysis of agricultural enterprise budgets are developed and applied. Breakeven points of a single agricultural enterprise, breakeven points between enterprises, and elasticities of breakeven points between enterprises are defined and mathematically derived. Breakeven equations were reduced to computational formulas for several budget components: output price, yield, input price, input requirement, variable cost, fixed cost, and total cost. Application of the advanced breakeven techniques provide evidence that both rice and wheat production seem especially desirable for the Arkansas Delta region in light of a fluctuating economic environment.
On the "Mandelbrot set" for a pair of linear maps and complex Bernoulli convolutions
Creators: name: Solomyak, Boris
name: Xu, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 28A80, Secondary 28A78, 37F45, 11R06, 26C10

description: We consider the "Mandelbrot set" $M$ for pairs of complex linear maps, introduced by Barnsley and Harrington in 1985 and studied by Bousch, Bandt and others. It is defined as the set of parameters $λ$ in the unit disk such that the attractor $A_λ$ of the IFS $\{λz-1, λz+1\}$ is connected. We show that a non-trivial portion of $M$ near the imaginary axis is contained in the closure of its interior (it is conjectured that all non-real points of $M$ are in the closure of the set of interior points of $M$). Next we turn to the attractors $A_λ$ themselves and to natural measures $ν_λ$ supported on them. These measures are the complex analogs of much-studied infinite Bernoulli convolutions. Extending the results of Erdös and Garsia, we demonstrate how certain classes of complex algebraic integers give rise to singular and absolutely continuous measures $ν_λ$. Next we investigate the Hausdorff dimension and measure of $A_λ$, for $λ$ in the set $M$, for Lebesgue-a.e. $λ$. We also obtain partial results on the absolute continuity of $ν_λ$ for a.e. $λ$ of modulus greater than $\sqrt{1/2}$.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Inflation, capital markets and the supply of beef
Creators: name: Sapelli, Claudio
name: Sapelli, Claudio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper puts forward an explanation for the negative elasticity of supply of beef found in many LDC's. As is explained by Jarvis (1974), the elasticity of supply of beef may be negative in the short run due to the dual role of cattle as both a capital and a consumption good. But in some LDC's, and especially in Latin America, one may find a long-run negative association between slaughter and prices, that cannot be explained by assuming shocks to slaughter are causing changes in prices. It is no coincidence that Jarvis' hypothesis itself was developed to explain developments in Argentina, a country with chronic high inflation. The paper argues that this long-run relationship cannot be explained by the Jarvis hypothesis, and offers an alternative hypothesis based on the demand for cattle as a hedge against inflation. The long-run negative association between slaughter and prices has been found in high inflation countries. High inflation combined with excessive regulation of capital markets cause the well known phenomenon of desintermediation. It is argued here that cattle plays a role in the inflation hedged portfolio that is then demanded. Therefore, with imperfect capital markets the supply of beef is affected by the demand for cattle as an asset, and this demand, in turn, is affected by inflation. This paper will only attempt to prove the link between imperfect capital markets and the supply of beef. The way inflation in a repressed capital market leads to an imperfect capital market is not addressed here, for reasons of brevity. The paper will develop a model that in the context of imperfect capital markets results in a negative elasticity of supply. The model will then be tested with Uruguayan data. Uruguayan data are very adequate to test the hypothesis because they cover both a period without inflation and a period of high inflation. The results support that cattle was used as an alternative to money holdings when inflation signified a big tax on the latter. Inflation therefore affected the demand for cattle, or, conversely, the supply of beef.
Crystal-field effects in the first-order valence transition in YbInCu4 induced by an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Dzero, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As it was shown earlier [Dzero, Gor'kov, and Zvezdin, J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 12, L711 (2000)] the properties of the first-order valence phase transition in YbInCu4 in the wide range of magnetic fields and temperatures are perfectly described in terms of a simple entropy transition for free Yb ions. Within this approach, the crystal field effects have been taken into account and we show that the phase diagram in the $B-T$ plane acquires some anisotropy with respect to the direction of an external magnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 3 eps figures; minor changes; to be piblished in J. of Physics: Cond. Mat
Introducing: The Game Jam License
Creators: name: Lai, Gorm
name: Erenli, Kai
name: Khosmood, Foaad
name: Latham, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since their inception at the Indie Game Jam in 2002, a significant part of game jams has been knowledge sharing and showcasing ideas and work to peers. While various licensing mechanisms have been used for game jams throughout the years, there has never been a licence uniquely designed for artifacts created during a game jam. In this paper, we present to the community the Game Jam License (GJL) which is designed to facilitate that sharing and knowledge transfer, while making sure the original creators retain commercial rights. The Global Game Jam, since 2009, strives to formalise sharing in a similar manner, by having jammers upload and license their creations under Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 free license. However, the CC family of licenses is not well suited for software. CC is not compatible with most other licenses, and introduces a legal grey area with the division between commercial and non-commercial use. Moreover, open source licences like GPL are well suited for source code, but not for art and design content. Instead the GJL presented in this paper, aims to uphold the original ideas of game jams (sharing and knowledge transfer), while still allowing the original team to hold on to all rights to their creation, without any of the deficiencies of the CC family of licenses.
Additional file 1 of Preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy for treatment with locally advanced rectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Wu, Haoyan
name: Fan, Chuanwen
name: Fang, Chao
name: Huang, Libin
name: Li, Yuan
name: Zhou, Zongguang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Fig. 1: Risk of bias graph. Fig. 2: Risk of bias summary. Table 1: Scores of 4 Cohort Studies Using Newcastle-Ottawa Criteria. Table 2: Patients characteristics of included studies. Fig. 3: Forest plot for downstaging rate. Fig. 4: Forest plot for adjuvant therapy pathologic tumor stage 3-4. Fig. 5: Forest plot for adjuvant therapy pathologic lymph node positive. Fig. 6: Forest plot for local recurrence. Fig. 7: Forest plot for distant metastasis. Fig. 8: Forest plot for acute toxicity. Fig. 9: Forest plot for postoperative complications. Fig. 10: Forest plot for late complications. Fig. 11: Forest plot for R0 resection rate. Fig. 12: Forest plot for sphincter preservation rate. Fig. 13: Forest plot for disease-free survival. Fig. 14: Forest plot for overall survival.
Nosoderma Guerin-Meneville (Foley and Ivie 2007
Creators: name: Foley, Ian A.
name: Ivie, Michael A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Nosoderma

description: Key to species of Nosoderma
 1. Elytral margin, from level of hind coxa posteriad, with 5–6 more-or-less equal sized and evenly spaced nodules (Fig. 22); discal nodule on declivity of subequal size to these 5; secondary setation on legs uniformly thickened and apressed; apex of elytra along suture smooth to weakly emarginate; body form more stout, approximately 0.58X as long as wide at widest point; femoral calus of male with raised marginal bead, disc depressed below this bead. Cuba. Figs. 22, 24 ................................................................................................................ N. echinatum (Guérin-Méneville)
 -. Elytral margin, from level of hind coxa posteriad, with 3 larger, unequal nodules and 2–3 smaller ones (Fig. 23); disc of declivity with single large median nodule, and 2 or 3 weak elevations; secondary setation on legs very long, projecting, and club shaped (Fig. 25); apex of elytra along suture strongly emarginate; body form more elongate approximately 0.65X as long as wide at widest point; femoral calus of male with calus domed, lacking marginal bead. Cuba. Figs. 23, 25 .................................................................................................................... N. turquinense (Garrido)
description: Published as part of Foley, Ian A. & Ivie, Michael A., 2008, A phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Zopherini with a review of the species and generic classification (Coleoptera: Zopheridae), pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1928 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5230727
MOESM2 of Small is beautiful? Explaining resident satisfaction in Swedish nursing home care
Creators: name: Spangler, Douglas
name: Blomqvist, Paula
name: Lindberg, Ylva
name: Winblad, Ulrika
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Survey_questions. This document details the specific questions from the two NHBW surveys constituting the aggregate variables included as independent variables in the regression analysis reported in this manuscript.
MOESM1 of Small is beautiful? Explaining resident satisfaction in Swedish nursing home care
Creators: name: Spangler, Douglas
name: Blomqvist, Paula
name: Lindberg, Ylva
name: Winblad, Ulrika
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Analysis_notebook. This document provides additional details regarding the factor analysis undertaken to reduce the dimensionality of the data prior to regression analysis, additional details regarding the main analysis, and a number of post-hoc analyses undertaken to evaluate the sensitivity of the findings, and investigate a number of interesting findings suitable for pursuit in further research.
Demand for red meat, poultry, and fish in Morocco: an almost ideal demand system
Creators: name: Mdafri, Abdellah
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Mdafri, Abdellah
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: There is a paucity of data and basic research needed for policy analysis in Morocco. Subjective estimates for elasticities are currently used in making policy recommendations. An Almost Ideal Demand System model is used to estimate demand elasticities for beef, mutton, poultry, and fish in Morocco. Mutton is shown to be a luxury good reflecting Moroccans' preference for mutton. Demand is shown to be more elastic than has been assumed in some past policy analyses.
Initial Characterization of Interstellar Comet 2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov)
Creators: name: Jewitt, David
name: Luu, Jane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present initial observations of the interstellar body 2I/(2019 Q4) Borisov taken to determine its nature prior to the perihelion in 2019 December. Images from the Nordic Optical Telescope show a prominent, morphologically stable dust coma and tail. The dust cross-section within 15,000 km of the nucleus averages 130 sq. km (assuming geometric albedo 0.1) and increases by about 1 percent per day. If sustained, this rate indicates that the comet has been active for 100 days prior to the observations. Cometary activity thus started in 2019 June, at which time C/Borisov was at 4.5 AU from the Sun, a typical distance for the onset of water ice sublimation in comets. The dust optical colors, B-V = 0.80+/-0.05, V-R = 0.47+/-0.03 and R-I = 0.49+/-0.05 are identical to those of a sample of (solar system) long-period comets. The colors are similar to those of 1I/(2017 U1) 'Oumuamua, indicating a lack of the ultrared matter that is common in the Kuiper belt, on both interstellar objects. The effective size of the dust particles is estimated as 100 $μ$m, based on the length of the dust tail and the 100 day lifetime. With this size, the ejected dust mass is of order 1.3e7 kg and the current dust mass loss rate 2 kg/s. We set an upper limit to the nucleus radius using photometry of <3.8 km (again for albedo 0.1). However, we use a statistical argument to show that the nucleus must be much smaller, likely a few hundred meters in radius.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Fabrication of quantum point contacts by engraving GaAs/AlGaAs-heterostructures with a diamond tip
Creators: name: Regul, J.
name: Keyser, U. F.
name: Paesler, M.
name: Hohls, F.
name: Zeitler, U.
name: Haug, R. J.
name: Malave, A.
name: Oesterschulze, E.
name: Reuter, D.
name: Wieck, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the all-diamond tip of an atomic force microscope for the direct engraving of high quality quantum point contacts in GaAs/AlGaAs-heterostructures. The processing time is shortened by two orders of magnitude compared to standard silicon tips. Together with a reduction of the line width to below 90 nm the depletion length of insulating lines is reduced by a factor of two with the diamond probes. The such fabricated defect free ballistic constrictions show well resolved conductance plateaus and the 0.7 anomaly in electronic transport measurements.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Averting a food crisis: private imports and public targeted distribution in Bangladesh after the 1998 flood
Creators: name: Ninno, Carlo Del
name: Dorosh, Paul A.
name: Ninno, Carlo Del
name: Dorosh, Paul A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Production Economics
subject: Food policy
subject: Food security
subject: Targeting
subject: Trade liberalisation

description: The 1998 flood in Bangladesh caused a shortfall of 2.2 million tonnes (mill.t) in the rice production and threatened the food security of tens of millions of households. Despite the best efforts of donors and the government, the public distribution ofrice and wheat was only 188,000t more than originally planned for July 1998 to April1999. However, a major food crisis was averted as private imports, made possible by trade liberalisation in the early 1990s, stabilised market prices and supplies. The government's direct distribution programs, though small compared to private imports, nonetheless increased access to food by poor households. Household survey data indicate that immediate relief efforts were well targeted to flood-affected households, as were transfers from NGOs. Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF), a medium-term program, was not targeted well to households directly exposed to the flood, though the program was relatively well targeted to poor households. More broadly, the Bangladesh experience with the 1998 flood shows that in a liberalised trade regime, where private imports respond to price signals, food aid's contribution to the total availability of food may be minimal. However, foreign assistance in kind or in cash, can provide resources for subsidised, targeted distribution to food-insecure households - assistance not possible otherwise under tight government budget constraints. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The Virgo High-Resolution CO Survey. III. NGC 4254
Creators: name: Sofue, Yoshiaki
name: Koda, Jin
name: Nakanishi, Hiroyuki
name: Hidaka, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-angular-resolution (1".5 - 5") interferometer observations of the \co emission in the central region of the SA(s)c galaxy NGC 4254. The observations were obtained using the Nobeyama Millimeter-wave Array (NMA) during the course of a long-term CO line survey of Virgo spirals. We present the spectra, channel maps, integrated intensity distributions, velocity fields, position--velocity diagrams, and compare the data with various optical images. The rotation velocity is already finite at the nucleus, or at least it rises steeply to 80 km/s within the central 1", indicating the existence of a massive core of 10^8 Msun within 1" (80 pc) radius. The CO intensity maps show that the inner disk has well-developed multiple spiral arms, winding out from a bar-shaped elongated molecular complex. In addition to the bisymmetric spiral arms, an asymmetric tightly wound arm with high molecular gas density is found to wind out from the molecular bar. The molecular spiral arms, particularly the tightly wound arm, well traces optical dark lanes, and are associated with H$α$ arms having many H {\sc ii} regions. The inner asymmetric spiral structures can be explained by ram-pressure distortion of inter-arm low density regions of the inner disk by the intra-cluster gas wind, and is indeed reproduced by a hydrodynamical simulation.
description: PASJ 2003 in press, Latex 9 pages, 10 figures. (Bigger size gif/ps figures available at http://www.ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/radio/virgo/)
The impact of food scares on price adjustment in the UK beef market
Creators: name: Lloyd, Tim
name: McCorriston, Steve
name: Morgan, C.W.
name: Rayner, A.J.
name: Lloyd, Tim
name: McCorriston, Steve
name: Morgan, C.W.
name: Rayner, A.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Food scares
subject: Food publicity index
subject: Beef prices
subject: BSE
subject: Price adjustment

description: This paper considers the impact of 'food scares', predominately concerns relating to BSE, on UK beef prices at retail, wholesale and producer levels over the 1990s. Acknowledging the co-movement that exists between prices in the meat marketing chain, we use a co-integrating framework, the results of which show the importance of publicity regarding the safety of food in the transmission of beef prices in the UK. The 'food publicity' index that we use has a marked negative impact on the prices at all levels, a result that is consistent with the effect of an inward shift in the demand function. Moreover, the extent of price decline varies between the marketing stages entailing that the price spreads rise in response to an increase in the (negative) publicity about food safety. While not a formal test of market power, these observations are consistent with recent theoretical results demonstrating that market power exacerbates price changes in the upstream sectors for a given change in the retail demand function. The implication of these varying price changes is that the food safety concerns also cause the marketing margins between the stages to widen. The UK's Competition Commission has recently investigated the abuse of market power in the food sector, inspired largely by this specific issue.© 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Berry phase and spin quantum Hall effect in the vortex state of superfluid He3 in two dimensions
Creators: name: Goryo, Jun
name: Kohmoto, Mahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the spin quantum Hall effect in the vortex state of two-dimensional rotating superfluid He3 can be described as an adiabatic spin transport of Bloch quasiparticles. We show that the spin Hall conductivity is written by the Berry phase as well as the Chern number. The results have similarity to the adiabatic pumping of Bloch electrons and the spontaneous polarization in crystalline dielectrics.
description: 6 pages,1 figure, RevTex, minor corrections, To be published in Phys. Rev. B
A fresh meat almost ideal demand system incorporating negative TV press and advertising impact
Creators: name: Verbeke, Wim
name: Ward, Ronald W.
name: Verbeke, Wim
name: Ward, Ronald W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Advertising
subject: AIDS model
subject: BSE
subject: Consumer behaviour
subject: Meat
subject: Negative press

description: This paper investigates fresh meat consumption in Belgium during 1995-1998 through the specification of a three-equation almost ideal demand system (AIDS) incorporating a media index of TV coverage and advertising expenditures as explanatory variables. Estimated parameters and elasticity coefficients are plausible and consistent with demand theory. Own-price elasticities are relatively low, indicating a low fresh meat demand sensitivity to price changes over this period which was dominated by mass media reports about the potential health risks associated with meat consumption. The scope of the paper extends beyond the estimation of elasticity coefficients and includes the specification of a media index and simulations that provide insights into the impact of negative press relative to advertising efforts. Specifically, the impact of television publicity is shown to have been particularly negative on beef/veal expenditures in favour of pork/mixture. This finding conoborates expectations since mass media issues mainly pertained to BSE (mad cow disease) and hormone residues during the investigated period. With relatively little effort being undertaken and with its cunent strategy, fresh meat advertising is found to have only a minor impact compared with negative press.© 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Beyond Liability: An Analysis of Financial Responsibility and Care Decisions in Hazardous Waste Management Facilities
Creators: name: Zhou, Jane
name: Zhou, Jane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Hazardous waste
subject: Liability
subject: Judgement-proof
subject: Financial responsibility
subject: Insurance
subject: Moral hazard
subject: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

description: To ensure the availability of cleanup funds, federal regulators often require ex ante proof of ability-to-pay for future environmental liabilities. These regulations currently apply to hazardous waste managers under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and are being considered for expanded applicability to other industries. Regulators have long expressed concern regarding the reliability of self-insurance. Little economic work, however, has studied the differing incentive effects of different financial assurance mechanisms, such as self-insurance, insurance, or trust funds. Using a novel facility-level panel dataset, I test this hypothesis using data on firm financial assurance and chemical spills. I find that self-insurance mechanisms are strongly associated with increased spill rates. This paper shows that with noncompetitive insurance markets, third-party financial instruments may act as “private regulators" and incentivize facilities to exercise increased care against environmental damage. This association may also result from high-risk firms' selection into self-insurance.
Interpreting Deep Learning Features for Myoelectric Control: A Comparison with Handcrafted Features
Creators: name: Côté-Allard, Ulysse
name: Campbell, Evan
name: Phinyomark, Angkoon
name: Laviolette, François
name: Gosselin, Benoit
name: Scheme, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The research in myoelectric control systems primarily focuses on extracting discriminative representations from the electromyographic (EMG) signal by designing handcrafted features. Recently, deep learning techniques have been applied to the challenging task of EMG-based gesture recognition. The adoption of these techniques slowly shifts the focus from feature engineering to feature learning. However, the black-box nature of deep learning makes it hard to understand the type of information learned by the network and how it relates to handcrafted features. Additionally, due to the high variability in EMG recordings between participants, deep features tend to generalize poorly across subjects using standard training methods. Consequently, this work introduces a new multi-domain learning algorithm, named ADANN, which significantly enhances (p=0.00004) inter-subject classification accuracy by an average of 19.40% compared to standard training. Using ADANN-generated features, the main contribution of this work is to provide the first topological data analysis of EMG-based gesture recognition for the characterisation of the information encoded within a deep network, using handcrafted features as landmarks. This analysis reveals that handcrafted features and the learned features (in the earlier layers) both try to discriminate between all gestures, but do not encode the same information to do so. Furthermore, using convolutional network visualization techniques reveal that learned features tend to ignore the most activated channel during gesture contraction, which is in stark contrast with the prevalence of handcrafted features designed to capture amplitude information. Overall, this work paves the way for hybrid feature sets by providing a clear guideline of complementary information encoded within learned and handcrafted features.
description: The first two authors shared first authorship. The last three authors shared senior authorship. 32 pages
Sesaspis sylvatica Foley & Ivie 2008, NEW COMBINATION
Creators: name: Foley, Ian A.
name: Ivie, Michael A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Sesaspis
Sesaspis sylvatica

description: Sesaspis sylvatica (García-París, Coca-Abia, & Parra-Olea) NEW COMBINATION
Fig. 29
 Nosoderma sylvaticum García-París, Coca-Abia, & Parra-Olea, 2006: 215–230.
 Diagnosis: The species is closely related to S. lutosa, but can be distinguished from that species by the acutely pointed hind angles of the pronotum, concave anterior clypeal margin, weakly serrate lateral pronotal margin and single dominant nodule expanded along the apex of the elytral suture, compared to the bifid large nodule at the apex in S. lutosa and strongly serrate lateral margin of the pronotum.
 Description: See García-París et al. (2006).
 Distribution: Known from the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Queretaro, and Hidalgo, where the species occurs at elevations between 700–1,400 meters in the Sierra Madre Oriental.
 Recorded distribution: A summary of the 47 specimens examined is MEXICO: HIDALGO, NUEVO LEON, TAMAULIPAS, QUERETARO.
 Types: Not examined, holotype in Colección Nacional de Insectos del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México (García-París et al. 2006).
 Notes: Sesaspis lutosa apparently replaces S. sylvatica in more southern Mexican locales such as Oaxaca. Three specimens were associated with oak (Quercus sp.) and several others were collected in “mesófilos”, mountain forests or cloud forests (label data).
description: Published as part of Foley, Ian A. & Ivie, Michael A., 2008, A phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Zopherini with a review of the species and generic classification (Coleoptera: Zopheridae), pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1928 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5230727
A Blessing and a Curse: How a Supercapacitor's Large Capacitance Causes its Slow Charging
Creators: name: Lian, Cheng
name: Janssen, Mathijs
name: Liu, Honglai
name: van Roij, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of novel electrolytes and electrodes for supercapacitors is hindered by a gap of several orders of magnitude between experimentally measured and theoretically predicted charging timescales. Here, we propose an electrode model, containing many parallel stacked electrodes, that explains the slow charging dynamics of supercapacitors. At low applied potentials, the charging behavior of this model is described well by an equivalent circuit model. Conversely, at high potentials, charging dynamics slow down and evolve on two relaxation time scales: a generalized $RC$ time and a diffusion time, which, interestingly, become similar for porous electrodes. The charging behavior of the stack-electrode model presented here helps to understand the charging dynamics of porous electrodes and qualitatively agrees with experimental time scales measured with porous electrodes.
description: C.L. and M.J. contributed equally to this work. 11 pages, 14 figures
Aharonov-Bohm oscillations of a tunable quantum ring
Creators: name: Keyser, U. F.
name: Borck, S.
name: Haug, R. J.
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Bichler, M.
name: Abstreiter, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With an atomic force microscope a ring geometry with self-aligned in-plane gates was directly written into a GaAs/AlGaAs-heterostructure. Transport measurements in the open regime show only one transmitting mode and Aharonov-Bohm oscillations with more than 50% modulation are observed in the conductance. The tuning via in-plane gates allows to study the Aharonov-Bohm effect in the whole range from the open ring to the Coulomb-blockade regime.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
MOESM1 of Integration of a multi-step heterologous pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of abscisic acid
Creators: name: Otto, Maximilian
name: Teixeira, Paulo
name: Vizcaino, Maria
name: David, Florian
name: Siewers, Verena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional analysis (HPLC–MS chromatograms, MS spectra, growth profiles). HPLC–MS chromatograms for 5D, 5D-tHMG1, SCIGS22a, DABA1, TABA1, TABA2, TABA3, TABA4, SABA1, 5D-tHMG1 spiked with ABA standard and a blank methanol run are shown. In addition, the file contains MS spectra for 5D-tHMG1, TABA1 and ABA standard. Growth profiles for the above-mentioned background and engineered strains are also displayed.