Schizoretepora calveti d'Hondt 1975
Creators: name: Madurell, Teresa
name: Jones, Mary Spencer
name: Zabala, Mikel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Phidoloporidae
Schizoretepora
Schizoretepora calveti

description: Schizoretepora calveti d’Hondt, 1975
Fig. 4, Table 1
Schizoretepora calveti d’Hondt, 1975: 581.
Schizellozoon tesselatum – Calvet 1931: 108, pl. 2, fig. 32.
Material examined
Lectotype (designated here)
AÇORES • 3 fragments; 36º54.0 N, 25º09.5 W; 665–712 m; on gravel and pebbles; R/V Jean-Charcot Biaçores 1971 exped., st. 230; MNHN-IB- 2008 -7565.
Description
Colony erect and delicate, arborescent, dichotomously branched, vinculariform (never fenestrate) (Fig. 4A). Frontal faces bearing autozooids, abfrontal faces consisting of sheets of kenozooids. Branches thin, with two alternate series of autozooids.
Autozooids longer than wide, separated by distinct sutures. Branches biseriate, arranged in two alternating series of zooids (young apical branches), or triseriate quincuncially arranged (older basal branches). Frontal shield surface rippled, with meandering reliefs (Fig. 4A).
Primary orifice obscured by a tubular peristome, only its proximal side being visible through the spiramen. Proximal border provided with sharp, flat condyles drawing a U-shaped shallow sinus; distal border not observed (Fig. 4B).
Peristome well-developed. In young zooids it grows as two lobes, slightly widening at its free edge, embodying 6–8 spiniform processes on each side and converging at the anterior end (Fig. 4B, E), but remaining cut by large circular spiramen, shaped like ace of spades (Fig. 4 A–B, E); in older zooids, distal end of lobes appear just denticulate and spiramen disappears (Fig. 4D).
One to three very large acute avicularia (usually paired), placed over large cystid in middle of frontal shield (when single) on both sides of aperture (when paired), mostly directed proximally, but sometimes distally (Fig. 4E). Rostrum acute and distally hooked, with stout bar without columella. One round pore on each side of cystid, 2 to 4 for entire frontal.
The ovicell in the type material (incompletely developed?) is hyperstomial, resting distally on adjacent zooid frontal shield, longer than wide; cut by large frontal fissure, broader at its distal end, smooth and imperforate, non-cleithral (Fig. 4A, E).
Abfrontal side consisting of sheets of irregular kenozooids separated by raised sutures; surface rippled, with numerous avicularia of two types: one similar to those on frontal, large and acute, 1–3 per kenozooid, becoming occluded by secondary calcification; and small elliptical avicularia rarely present (might be the anterior part of the large avicularia from which distal end has been occluded by calcification) (Fig. 4F).
Schizoretepora calveti is a deep-water species that has only been reported from the Azores archipelago, 599–712 m deep.
Remarks
This species was first figured by Calvet (1931) and considered as a variety of Schizellozoon tessellatum. D’Hondt (1975) noticed the differences in the material dredged by the Jean-Charcot during the Biaçores mission and that figured by Calvet (1931). After comparison with the type material sent by the British Museum he erected a new species: Schizoretepora calveti. D’Hondt (1975) did not designate a lectotype from his material; therefore, we formally designate here as type material the specimen MNHN-IB-2008-7565.
Looking at the abfrontal avicularia, this species resembles the Mediterranean species Reteporella pelecanus (López de la Cuadra & García Gómez, 2001). However, the latter species is a true Reteporella Busk, 1884, possessing frontal labial avicularia and ovicells with an elongate median fissure not observed in the genus Schizoretepora. Nonetheless, the aspect of the frontal side with the circular spiramen and long peristome makes S. calveti unmistakable.
description: Published as part of Madurell, Teresa, Jones, Mary Spencer & Zabala, Mikel, 2019, Revision of the Genus Schizoretepora (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) from the Atlantic-Mediterranean region, pp. 1-33 in European Journal of Taxonomy 536 on pages 8-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.536, http://zenodo.org/record/3338009