cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interloper bias in future large-scale structure surveys
Creators: name: Pullen, Anthony R.
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
name: Dore, Olivier
name: Raccanelli, Alvise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Next-generation spectroscopic surveys will map the large-scale structure of the observable universe, using emission line galaxies as tracers. While each survey will map the sky with a specific emission line, interloping emission lines can masquerade as the survey's intended emission line at different redshifts. Interloping lines from galaxies that are not removed can contaminate the power spectrum measurement, mixing correlations from various redshifts and diluting the true signal. We assess the potential for power spectrum contamination, finding that an interloper fraction worse than 0.2% could bias power spectrum measurements for future surveys by more than 10% of statistical errors, while also biasing power spectrum inferences. We also construct a formalism for predicting cosmological parameter bias, demonstrating that a 0.15%-0.3% interloper fraction could bias the growth rate by more than 10% of the error, which can affect constraints on gravity upcoming surveys. We use the COSMOS Mock Catalog (CMC), with the emission lines re-scaled to better reproduce recent data, to predict potential interloper fractions for the Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) and the Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST). We find that secondary line identification, or confirming galaxy redshifts by finding correlated emission lines, can remove interlopers for PFS. For WFIRST, we use the CMC to predict that the 0.2% target can be reached for the WFIRST H$α$ survey, but sensitive optical and near-infrared photometry will be required. For the WFIRST [OIII] survey, the predicted interloper fractions reach several percent and their effects will have to be estimated and removed statistically (e.g. with deep training samples). (Abridged)
description: Matches version accepted by PASJ
title: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Grafts: What the Radiologist Should look for ?
Creators: name: Bekhet, Chris
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: MR
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Athletic injuries

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To know the indications and contraindications of ACL reconstruction To evaluate the different types of grafts and to differentiate between the advantages and disadvantages of both synthetic and biological grafts To gain knowledge of how to assess...
(101437) Mary E Moulton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Probing the Consistency of Cosmological Contours for Supernova Cosmology
Creators: name: Armstrong, P.
name: Qu, H.
name: Brout, D.
name: Davis, T. M.
name: Kessler, R.
name: Kim, A. G.
name: Lidman, C.
name: Sako, M.
name: Tucker, B. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the scale of cosmological surveys increases, so does the complexity in the analyses. This complexity can often make it difficult to derive the underlying principles, necessitating statistically rigorous testing to ensure the results of an analysis are consistent and reasonable. This is particularly important in multi-probe cosmological analyses like those used in the Dark Energy Survey and the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time, where accurate uncertainties are vital. In this paper, we present a statistically rigorous method to test the consistency of contours produced in these analyses, and apply this method to the Pippin cosmological pipeline used for Type Ia supernova cosmology with the Dark Energy Survey. We make use of the Neyman construction, a frequentist methodology that leverages extensive simulations to calculate confidence intervals, to perform this consistency check. A true Neyman construction is too computationally expensive for supernova cosmology, so we develop a method for approximating a Neyman construction with far fewer simulations. We find that for a simulated data-set, the 68% contour reported by the Pippin pipeline and the 68% confidence region produced by our approximate Neyman construction differ by less than a percent near the input cosmology, however show more significant differences far from the input cosmology, with a maximal difference of 0.05 in $Ω_{M}$, and 0.07 in $w$. This divergence is most impactful for analyses of cosmological tensions, but its impact is mitigated when combining supernovae with other cross-cutting cosmological probes, such as the Cosmic Microwave Background.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. For source code see https://github.com/dessn/BiasValidation
title: Vascular malformations: Imaging findings and pitfalls.
Creators: name: Elzein Mohamed, Ahmed
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Congenital
subject: Arteriovenous malformations
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Interventional vascular

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Distinguish vascular anomalies clinically and radiologically Understand the classification system defining vascular malformations and common pitfalls in terminology Appreciate the key complimentary role of MRI and US in diagnosing malformations and...
Bounds for the Clique Cover Width of Factors of the Apex Graph of the Planar Grid
Creators: name: Shahrokhi, Farhad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The {\it clique cover width} of $G$, denoted by $ccw(G)$, is the minimum value of the bandwidth of all graphs that are obtained by contracting the cliques in a clique cover of $G$ into a single vertex. For $i=1,2,...,d,$ let $G_i$ be a graph with $V(G_i)=V$, and let $G$ be a graph with $V(G)=V$ and $E(G)=\cap_{i=1}^d(G_i)$, then we write $G=\cap_{i=1}^dG_i$ and call each $G_i,i=1,2,...,d$ a factor of $G$. We are interested in the case where $G_1$ is chordal, and $ccw(G_i),i=2,3...,d$ for each factor $G_i$ is "small". Here we show a negative result. Specifically, let ${\hat G}(k,n)$ be the graph obtained by joining a set of $k$ apex vertices of degree $n^2$ to all vertices of an $n\times n$ grid, and then adding some possible edges among these $k$ vertices. We prove that if ${\hat G}(k,n)=\cap_{i=1}^dG_i$, with $G_1$ being chordal, then, $max_{2\le i\le d}\{ccw(G_i)\}\ge {n^{1\over d-1}\over 2.{(2c)}^{1\over {d-1}}}$, where $c$ is a constant. Furthermore, for $d=2$, we construct a chordal graph $G_1$ and a graph $G_2$ with $ccw(G_2)\le {n\over 2}+k$ so that ${\hat G}(k,n)=G_1\cap G_2$. Finally, let ${\hat G}$ be the clique sum graph of ${\hat G}(k_i, n_i), i=1,2,...t$, where the underlying grid is $n_i\times n_i$ and the sum is taken at apex vertices. Then, we show ${\hat G}=G_1\cap G_2$, where, $G_1$ is chordal and $ccw(G_2)\le \sum_{i=1}^t(n_i+k_i)$. The implications and applications of the results are discussed, including addressing a recent question of David Wood.
Arctic Corridors and Northern Voices: governing marine transportation in the Canadian Arctic (Resolute, Nunavut community report)
Creators: name: Carter, Natalie
name: Dawson, Jackie
name: Cook, Alison
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2019
Subjects: Low impact shipping corridors
Marine transportation governance
Culturally significant marine areas
Arctic shipping impacts

description: Ship traffic in the Canadian Arctic nearly tripled between 1990 and 2015. The Government of Canada is developing a network of low-impact marine transportation corridors in the Arctic that encourages marine transportation traffic to use routes that pose less risk and minimize the impact on communities and the environment. The Low Impact Shipping Corridors will be a framework to guide future federal investments to support marine navigation safety in the North, including improved charting and increased hydrography, in partnership with Northerners. The corridors initiative is co-led by the Canadian Coast Guard, Transport Canada, and Canadian Hydrographic Service. Key considerations in the current prioritization of the Low Impact Shipping Corridors include identification of Inuit and Northerners’ perspectives on 1) the potential impact of marine vessels on marine areas used for cultural and livelihood activities, and on community members; and 2) potential management strategies for the corridors. This report reflects opinions gathered through participatory mapping, focus group discussions, and interviews with Resolute community members who were identified by local organizations as key knowledge holders. This report was validated by the research participants.
Train Set, Pretrained backbone and header
Creators: name: Hon Sang, Leong
name: Chi Chon, Ng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Train set - All3img_ExtraIG_train.zip Val set - All3img_ExtraIG_val.zip the pre-trained model for ResNet100 and MagFace Loss, backbone_input=(112, 112), backbone_output=(512,), header_output=(13135,)
(101435) Charles Moulton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Differentiation between focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: value of Gd-EOB-DTPA.
Creators: name: davydenko, pavel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To determine value of contrast-enhanced abdominal MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA for differentiation between focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma...
(101436) Eliza Thornhill Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia - the spectrum of HRCT findings
Creators: name: Tan, Jassie
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Thorax

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: This pictorial review aims to reviewthe spectrum of imagingpatterns and presentations of Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia...
title: The Value of Human Dignity
title: A Socio-Cultural Approach to Analyzing the Crisis of Values among Igbo People of Nigeria
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ezenwa, Paul Chinedu
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Kultur
subject: Gesellschaft
subject: Geschlechterdifferenz
subject: Ethik
subject: Religion
subject: Wandel
subject: 170 Ethik
subject: Würde
subject: Nigeria
subject: Igbo

description: Starting from conception till death, man as a being relates with others. In this relationship he often encounters lots of problems that threaten his existence. One of them is the threat to his dignity. This experience is vivid in many countries particularly in Africa. But my work is limited to an ethnic group in Nigeria, namely Igbo people. The work discloses the extent 'displacement of value' in Igboland has contributed to the devaluation of human dignity and the attempts made to combat it. This displacement resulted in what we can call "value crisis". Some elements, like Igbo culture and cultural communication with foreign cultures that have tentacles in modernized orientation, are discussed as 'transmission carriers'. In order to x-ray properly the heart of this research and communicate the necessary messages, the work is presented in six chapters. However, this summary will not be presented in chapters. Thus the need for a research on the reason for the failings and crisis of approach regarding this aspect of Igbo life that deals with the value of human dignity. This comes to term with the question which asked has the interest in the enhancement of the dignity of man waned because the effort towards this goal seem futile and unnecessary…Or is human dignity something we care about but take for granted as a cultural inheritance that no longer needs defence?” This question arouses thoughts on the value of HD. The entire work tried to justify the view that the protection of HD is for all times a true assignment of all. This must neither be considered to be relevant only for a time nor only for a portion or a group of individuals. Thus a special attention on this regard is demanded especially in modern day Igbo society.
title: Choroidal Melanoma, role of ultrasound in the diagnosis
Creators: name: García Gutiérrez, Guillermo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Ocular melanoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults. The orbitrepresents the second most frequent location for melanoma after the skin. We present choroidal melanoma, a rare but deadly pathology, focusing on the...
Associations between initial water pipe tobacco smoking and snus use and subsequent cigarette smoking: Results from a longitudinal study of us adolescents and young adults
Creators: name: Sargent, J.D.
name: Tanski, S.E.
name: Primack, B.A.
name: Soneji, S.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association
Year: 2015

description: IMPORTANCE: Many adolescents and young adults use alternative tobacco products, such as water pipes and snus, instead of cigarettes. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether prior water pipe tobacco smoking and snus use among never smokers are risk factors for subsequent cigarette smoking. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a 2-wave national longitudinal study in the United States among 2541 individuals aged 15 to 23 years old. At baseline (October 25, 2010, through June 11, 2011), we ascertained whether respondents had smoked cigarettes, smoked water pipe tobacco, or used snus. At the 2-year follow-up (October 27, 2012, through March 31, 2013), we determined whether baseline non-cigarette smokers had subsequently tried cigarette smoking, were current (past 30 days) cigarette smokers, or were high-intensity cigarette smokers.We fit multivariable logistic regression models among baseline non-cigarette smokers to assess whether baseline water pipe tobacco smoking and baseline snus use were associated with subsequent cigarette smoking initiation and current cigarette smoking, accounting for established sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors.We fit similarly specified multivariable ordinal logistic regression models to assess whether baseline water pipe tobacco smoking and baseline snus use were associated with high-intensity cigarette smoking at follow-up. EXPOSURES: Water pipe tobacco smoking and the use of snus at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Among baseline non-cigarette smokers, cigarette smoking initiation, current (past 30 days) cigarette smoking at follow-up, and the intensity of cigarette smoking at follow-up. RESULTS: Among 1596 respondents, 1048 had never smoked cigarettes at baseline, of whom 71 had smoked water pipe tobacco and 20 had used snus at baseline. At follow-up, accounting for behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors, baseline water pipe tobacco smoking and snus use were independently associated with cigarette smoking initiation (adjusted odds ratios: 2.56; 95%CI, 1.46-4.47 and 3.73; 95%CI, 1.43-9.76, respectively), current cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratios: 2.48; 95%CI, 1.01-6.06 and 6.19; 95%CI, 1.86-20.56, respectively), and higher intensity of cigarette smoking (adjusted proportional odds ratios: 2.55; 95%CI, 1.48-4.38 and 4.45; 95%CI, 1.75-11.27, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Water pipe tobacco smoking and the use of snus independently predicted the onset of cigarette smoking and current cigarette smoking at follow-up. Comprehensive Food and Drug Administration regulation of these tobacco products may limit their appeal to youth and curb the onset of cigarette smoking.
title: Effects of Providing Novel Feedstuffs to Livestock on Production and Skeletal Muscle Growth
Creators: name: Motsinger, Laura A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: As the population increases and available land for food production decreases, it is necessary for livestock producers to continually work towards increasing livestock production efficiency. In livestock operations, feed accounts for the majority of input costs associated with raising livestock. As such, it is necessary to improve growth and production of livestock animals, while also optimizing feed utilization. Different feedstuffs can be included in the diet of livestock animals to maximize growth and production. However, the effects of some of these novel feedstuffs on growth and production of livestock animals has not been elucidated. As such, we investigated the effects of including two novel alfalfa products, ProLEAF MAX™ (a pellet composed of alfalfa leaves) and ProFiber Plus™ (alfalfa stems), in the diets of beef steers, dairy heifers, and lactating dairy cows. We hypothesized that inclusion of ProLEAF MAX™ and ProFiber Plus™ in the diet would result in improved growth and performance of beef steers, growth and development of dairy heifers, and milk yield and milk components of lactating dairy cows. We found that inclusion of ProFiber Plus™ in the diet of beef steers and dairy heifers decreases feed costs without affecting overall growth in steers, but decreases growth in dairy heifers and inclusion of the two novel alfalfa products in the diet of lactating dairy cows results in improved milk yield and milk components. Additionally, we examined the effects of supplementing murine myoblasts with polyamines and polyamine precursors to further investigate novel products that may be able to be utilized in the diets of livestock animals to increase growth. We hypothesized that supplementation of polyamines and their precursors would result in improved growth of skeletal muscle cells (myoblasts). Treatment of myoblasts with polyamines and their precursors improves proliferation rates and alters mRNA expression of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis, cell proliferation, and protein synthesis. Collectively, our observations suggest that various novel feedstuffs, whether it be alfalfa processed differently or amino acid derivatives (polyamines), have the potential to improve various growth and/or production measures. However, additional research is required to fully understand the potential of including these products in the diet.
Breakdown of electron-pairs in the presence of an electric field of a superconducting ring
Creators: name: Pandey, Bradraj
name: Dutta, Sudipta
name: Pati, Swapan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional ring with varying electron filling factor is investigated in presence of external electric field. The system is modeled within Hubbard Hamiltonian with attractive Coulomb correlation, which results in superconducting ground state when away from half-filling. The electric field is induced by applying time-dependent Aharonov-Bohm flux in the perpendicular direction. To explore the non-equilibrium phenomena arising from the field, we adopt exact diagonalization and Crank-Nicolson numerical method. With increase in electric field strength, the electron pairs, a signature of superconducting phase, start breaking and the system enters into a metallic phase. However, the strength of the electric field for this quantum phase transition depends on the electronic correlation. This phenomenon has been confirmed by flux-quantization of time-dependent current and pair correlation functions
description: 11 pages and 8 figures
title: Multiparametric hippocampal analysis using DTI Surface Based Analysis and MR Spectroscopy to assist in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy research
Creators: name: Tsivaka, DImitra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR-Spectroscopy
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Seizure disorders

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Epilepsy is the fourth most common serious neurological disorder and TLE (Temporal Lobe Epilepsy), the most frequent form of refractory focal epilepsy. MRI Epilepsy protocols have been already established in many centers in order to facilitate the...
Progression to traditional cigarette smoking after electronic cigarette use among us adolescents and young adults
Creators: name: Stoolmiller, M.
name: Fine, M.J.
name: Primack, B.A.
name: Sargent, J.D.
name: Soneji, S.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association
Year: 2015

description: IMPORTANCE Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes)may help smokers reduce the use of traditional combustible cigarettes. However, adolescents and young adults who have never smoked traditional cigarettes are now using e-cigarettes, and these individuals may be at risk for subsequent progression to traditional cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVE To determine whether baseline use of e-cigarettes among nonsmoking and nonsusceptible adolescents and young adults is associated with subsequent progression along an established trajectory to traditional cigarette smoking. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this longitudinal cohort study, a national US sample of 694 participants aged 16 to 26 years who were never cigarette smokers and were attitudinally nonsusceptible to smoking cigarettes completed baseline surveys from October 1, 2012, to May 1, 2014, regarding smoking in 2012-2013. They were reassessed 1 year later. Analysis was conducted from July 1, 2014, to March 1, 2015. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between baseline e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking, controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, maternal educational level, sensation-seeking tendency, parental cigarette smoking, and cigarette smoking among friends. Sensitivity analyses were performed, with varying approaches to missing data and recanting. EXPOSURES Use of e-cigarettes at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Progression to cigarette smoking, defined using 3 specific states along a trajectory: nonsusceptible nonsmokers, susceptible nonsmokers, and smokers. Individuals who could not rule out smoking in the future were defined as susceptible. RESULTS Among the 694 respondents, 374 (53.9%) were female and 531 (76.5%) were non-Hispanic white. At baseline, 16 participants (2.3%) used e-cigarettes. Over the 1-year follow-up, 11 of 16 e-cigarette users and 128 of 678 of those who had not used e-cigarettes (18.9%) progressed toward cigarette smoking. In the primary fully adjusted models, baseline e-cigarette use was independently associated with progression to smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 8.3; 95%CI, 1.2-58.6) and to susceptibility among nonsmokers (AOR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.3-57.2). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results in the level of significance and slightly larger magnitude of AORs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this national sample of US adolescents and young adults, use of e-cigarettes at baseline was associated with progression to traditional cigarette smoking. These findings support regulations to limit sales and decrease the appeal of e-cigarettes to adolescents and young adults.
(101438) Frederick Bence Moulton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Systematic bias and nontransparency in US social security administration forecasts
Creators: name: Soneji, S.
name: Kashin, K.
name: King, G.
Publisher: name: American Economic Association
Year: 2015

description: Since the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935, a central concern of the Board of Trustees has been the demographic and financial forecasts necessary to assess the long-term solvency of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Funds. These forecasts are used in a variety of ways. For example, they affect decisions about whether the rate of payroll taxes or the amount of benefits should be raised or lowered for 212 million workers and 59 million beneficiaries in 2014, respectively. The methodology rooted in the forecasts is used by the Social Security Administration to evaluate policy proposals put forward by Congress to modify the program. The forecasts are also used as essential inputs in assessing the finances of Medicare and Medicaid and are central to research in demography, economics, political science, public health, public policy, and sociology. Although the Social Security Administration has performed these forecasts since 1942, no systematic and comprehensive evaluation of their accuracy has ever been published.
Statistics of black hole radiance and the horizon area spectrum
Creators: name: Bekenstein, Jacob D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical response of a Kerr black hole to incoming quantum radiation has heretofore been studied by the methods of maximum entropy or quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Neither approach pretends to take into account the quantum structure of the black hole itself. To address this last issue we calculate here the conditional probability distribution associated with the hole's response by assuming that the horizon area has a discrete quantum spectrum, and that its quantum evolution corresponds to jumps between adjacent area eigenvalues, possibly occurring in series, with consequent emission or absorption of quanta, possibly in the same mode. This "atomic" model of the black hole is implemented in two different ways and recovers the previously calculated radiation statistics in both cases. The corresponding conditional probably distribution is here expressed in closed form in terms of an hypergeometric function.
description: RevTeX, 9 pages
title: Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: an underdiagnosed entity?
Creators: name: Lesyk, Sonia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Radiographers
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Education
subject: Statistics
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Congenital
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: · Make a statistical review of the prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) using lumbosacral MRI. · Correlate these anatomical variant with different anatomical...
Science with the EXTraS Project: Exploring the X-ray Transient and variable Sky
Creators: name: De Luca, A.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: Tiengo, A.
name: D'Agostino, D.
name: Watson, M. G.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Wilms, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The EXTraS project (Exploring the X-ray Transient and variable Sky) will characterise the temporal behaviour of the largest ever sample of objects in the soft X-ray range (0.1-12 keV) with a complex, systematic and consistent analysis of all data collected by the European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) instrument onboard the ESA XMM-Newton X-ray observatory since its launch. We will search for, and characterize variability (both periodic and aperiodic) in hundreds of thousands of sources spanning more than nine orders of magnitude in time scale and six orders of magnitude in flux. We will also search for fast transients, missed by standard image analysis. Our analysis will be completed by multiwavelength characterization of new discoveries and phenomenological classification of variable sources. All results and products will be made available to the community in a public archive, serving as a reference for a broad range of astrophysical investigations.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Refereed Proceeding of "The Universe of Digital Sky Surveys" conference held at the INAF - Observatory of Capodimonte, Naples, on 25th-28th November 2014, to be published in the Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, edited by Longo, Napolitano, Marconi, Paolillo, Iodice
(101431) Hannah Holmes
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Assessing progress in reducing the burden of cancer mortality, 1985-2005
Creators: name: Soneji, S.
name: Beltrán-Sánchez, H.
name: Sox, H.C.
Publisher: name: American Society of Clinical Oncology
Year: 2014

description: Purpose: Measuring the effect of cancer interventions must take into account rising cancer incidence now that people live longer because of declines in mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cancer mortality rates in the population do not accomplish this objective. We sought a measure that would reveal the effects of changing mortality rates from other diseases. Methods: We obtained annual breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer mortality rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries; we obtained noncancer mortality rates from national death certificates, 1975 to 2005. We used life-table methods to calculate the burden of cancer mortality as the average person-years of life lost (PYLL) as a result of cancer (cancer-specific PYLL) and quantify individual - and perhaps offsetting - contributions of the two factors that affect cancer-specific PYLL: mortality rates as a result of cancer and othercause mortality. Results: Falling cancer mortality rates reduced the burden of mortality from leading cancers, but increasing cancer incidence as a result of decreasing other-cause mortality rates partially offset this progress. Between 1985 and 1989 and between 2000 and 2004, the burden of lung cancer in males declined by 0.1 year of life lost. This decline reflects the sum of two effects: decreasing lung cancer mortality rates that reduced the average burden of lung cancer mortality by 0.33 years of life lost and declining other-cause mortality rates that raised it by 0.23 years. Other common cancers showed similar patterns. Conclusion: By using a measure that accounts for increased cancer incidence as a result of improvements in CVD mortality, we find that prior assessments have underestimated the impact of cancer interventions.
Cost-effectiveness of CT screening in the national lung screening trial
Creators: name: Gatsonis, C.
name: Sicks, J.D.
name: Aberle, D.R.
name: Keeler, E.B.
name: National Lung Screening Trial Research Team
name: Naeim, A.
name: Soneji, S.S.
name: Silvestri, G.A.
name: Gorelick, J.
name: Church, T.R.
name: Gareen, I.F.
name: Black, W.C.
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 2014

description: BACKGROUND: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) showed that screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) as compared with chest radiography reduced lung-cancer mortality. We examined the cost-effectiveness of screening with low-dose CT in the NLST. METHODS: We estimated mean life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs per person, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for three alternative strategies: screening with low-dose CT, screening with radiography, and no screening. Estimations of life-years were based on the number of observed deaths that occurred during the trial and the projected survival of persons who were alive at the end of the trial. Quality adjustments were derived from a subgroup of participants who were selected to complete quality-of-life surveys. Costs were based on utilization rates and Medicare reimbursements. We also performed analyses of subgroups defined according to age, sex, smoking history, and risk of lung cancer and performed sensitivity analyses based on several assumptions. RESULTS: As compared with no screening, screening with low-dose CT cost an additional $1,631 per person (95% confidence interval [CI], 1,557 to 1,709) and provided an additional 0.0316 life-years per person (95% CI, 0.0154 to 0.0478) and 0.0201 QALYs per person (95% CI, 0.0088 to 0.0314). The corresponding ICERs were $52,000 per life-year gained (95% CI, 34,000 to 106,000) and $81,000 per QALY gained (95% CI, 52,000 to 186,000). However, the ICERs varied widely in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: We estimated that screening for lung cancer with low-dose CT would cost $81,000 per QALY gained, but we also determined that modest changes in our assumptions would greatly alter this figure. The determination of whether screening outside the trial will be cost-effective will depend on how screening is implemented.
A Birman exact sequence for the Torelli subgroup of Aut(F_n)
Creators: name: Day, Matthew B.
name: Putman, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop an analogue of the Birman exact sequence for the Torelli subgroup of Aut(F_n). This builds on earlier work of the authors who studied an analogue of the Birman exact sequence for the entire group Aut(F_n). These results play an important role in the authors' recent work on the second homology group of the Torelli group.
description: 31 pages, minor revision; to appear in Int. J. Algebr. Comput
title: Orbitofacial Trauma : A Systematic Approach to CT Imaging
Creators: name: Garrouche, Nada
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Fractal analysis
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck
subject: Eyes
subject: Emergency

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Describe the relevant imaging anatomy of the orbit. Describe a systematic approach to CT evaluation of blunt and penetrating trauma of the orbit. Identify the common post­traumatic orbit lesions. Discuss potential pitfalls and mimics that can be...
(101433) Reginald Hubert Keene
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Absence of septum pellucidum in fetal MRI - can we diagnose septo-optic dysplasia prenatally?
Creators: name: Jordan, Taja
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Foetus
subject: Intrauterine diagnosis
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Foetal imaging

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: MRI is a diagnostic modality of choice for the pre- and postnatal diagnosis of SOD and SOD-Plus syndrome. The learning objectives of this poster are to recognize the typical radiological findings associated with SOD and SOD-Plus and to evaluate...
Socioeconomic determinants of cervical cancer screening in Latin America
Creators: name: Soneji, S.
name: Fukui, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Objective. To assess the impact of health care access and socioeconomic determinants on Pap smear screening in Latin America. Methods. Individual-level data was collected from the Demographic and Health Surveys in Bolivia, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago between 1987 and 2008. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify socioeconomic and health care determinants of two outcomes: knowledge of Pap smears and recent Pap smear screening. Results. In all countries, the proportion of women with a recent Pap smear screening remained below 55%. Key determinants of knowledge of Pap smears were age, education, and recent doctor's visit. For recent Pap smear screening, key determinants were wealth and recent doctor's visit. Women were between 1.47 and 3.44 times more likely to have received a recent Pap smear if they had a recent doctor's visit. Even the poorest women with a recent doctor's visit were more likely to screen than the richest women without a recent visit. Conclusions. These data suggest that visiting a doctor is an important determinant of cervical cancer screening in Latin America. Because screening may coincide with other medical visits, physicians could effectively encourage screening.
title: Role of Multislice CT in Pre and Post Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Imaging
Creators: name: Tantawy, Sara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics
subject: Prostheses

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To emphasize on the role of MSCT as a crucial and integral step in pre-procedural patient selection and anatomical assessment. Illustrate important CT measurements taken prior to Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and explain its role in...
(101434) Harold Lyndon Keene
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules and elastography
Creators: name: Ben Hassen, Ines
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Thyroid / Parathyroids
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Neoplasia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Thyroidnodules are frequent endocrine disorder and among their vast number, only 4 to 6% are proven to be cancer. Ultrasound is a powerful tool in the characterization of these nodules by evaluating their...
title: Pancreatic cancer: the radiological report
Creators: name: Henni, Ahmed Imed Eddine
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Biopsy
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Pancreas
subject: Oncology
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Know how to realize a report of local, locoregional and distant extension of pancreatic cancer. Know how to standardize and draft a report to guide the therapeutic indication in a multidisciplinary meeting. Understand the importanceof classifying a...
Socioeconomic and physician supply determinants of racial disparities in colorectal cancer screening
Creators: name:  Armstrong, K.
name:  Asch, D.A.
name: Soneji, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Purpose: Causes of racial disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening may extend beyond individual-level characteristics. We examined how physician density, beyond socioeconomic factors, affected observed racial disadvantages in recent CRC screening for blacks and Hispanics. Methods: We obtained socioeconomic and CRC screening information on adults age > 50 years from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1997 to 2008) and information on the number of primary care physicians and gastroenterologists from the American Medical Association Masterfile (1997 to 2008). We used fixed-effect multivariate logistic regression to model the probability of receiving a fecal occult blood test within the past year or endoscopic screening within the past 5 years as a function of individual-level socioeconomic factors and state-level physician supply. Results: In 2008, 60.6% of whites were current on CRC screening (95% CI, 60.6% to 61.0%) compared with 57.9% of blacks (95% CI, 56.7% to 59.2%) and 42.9% of Hispanics (95% CI, 41.0% to 44.8%). Inclusion of socioeconomic variables reversed black-white disparities (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.19) but did not explain disadvantage for Hispanics (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.92). Once interaction of race and physician supply was considered, likelihood of recent CRC screening became statistically indistinguishable for Hispanics and whites of similar socioeconomic status residing in states with high physician supplies. Conclusion: Socioeconomic factors and physician supply are key predictors of CRC screening. Adjustment for socio-economic determinants explained black-white disparities; further adjustment for physician supply explained Hispanic-white disparities. Physician distribution is a potentially remediable contributor to ethnic/racial disparities in CRC screening. Whether the United States is able to equitably meet future demand for screening may depend on access, physician supply, and organization of the health care system.
title: Magnetic Resonance Enterocolonography Scoring System for Crohn’s disease: derivation and validation study
Creators: name: Kitazume, Yoshio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: MR
subject: Colonography MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Inflammation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Mucosal healing is an important therapeutic goal of CD because it is associated with lower rates of relapse, hospitalization, fistula, and the need for surgery...