cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary file 2 from Apoptosis in gonadal somatic cells of scleractinian corals: implications of structural adjustments for gamete production and release
Creators: name: Shikina, Shinya
name: Che-Chun Chen
name: Chiu, Yi-Ling
name: Pin-Hsuan Tsai
name: Ching-Fong Chang
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cell Biology

description: The deduced amino acid sequences of apoptotic pathway-related genes in E. ancora
Phases of Quantum Gravity in AdS3 and Linear Dilaton Backgrounds
Creators: name: Giveon, A.
name: Kutasov, D.
name: Rabinovici, E.
name: Sever, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that string theory in AdS3 has two distinct phases depending on the radius of curvature R_{AdS}=\sqrt{k}l_s. For k>1 (i.e. R_{AdS}>l_s), the SL(2,C) invariant vacuum of the spacetime conformal field theory is normalizable, the high energy density of states is given by the Cardy formula with c_{eff}=c, and generic high energy states look like large BTZ black holes. For k<1, the SL(2,C) invariant vacuum as well as BTZ black holes are non-normalizable, c_{eff}\half). The states responsible for this growth are two dimensional black holes for k>1, and highly excited perturbative strings living in the linear dilaton throat for k<1. The change of behavior at k=1 in the two cases is an example of a string/black hole transition. The entropies of black holes and strings coincide at k=1.
description: 38 pages, harvmac
P-Wave Two-Particle Bound and Scattering States in a Finite Volume including QED
Creators: name: Stellin, Gianluca
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass shifts for two-fermion bound and scattering P-wave states subject to the long-range interactions due to QED in the non-relativistic regime are derived. Introducing a short range force coupling the spinless fermions to one unit of angular momentum in the framework of pionless EFT, we first calculate both perturbatively and non-perturbatively the Coulomb corrections to fermion-fermion scattering in the continuum and infinite volume context. Motivated by the research on particle-antiparticle bound states, we extend the results to fermions of identical mass and opposite charge. Second, we transpose the system onto a cubic lattice with periodic boundary conditions and we calculate the finite volume corrections to the energy of the lowest bound and unbound $T_1^{\pm}$ eigenstates. In particular, power law corrections proportional to the fine structure constant and resembling the recent results for S-wave states are found. Higher order contributions in $α$ are neglected, since the gapped nature of the momentum operator in the lattice environnement allows for a perturbative treatment of the QED interactions.
description: 73 pages, 7 figures, 0 tables. To be submitted to the European Physical Journal A
Towards Quantifying The Economic Effects Of Poor And Fluctuating Water Quality On Irrigation Agriculture: A Case Study Of The Lower Vaal And Riet Rivers
Creators: name: Armour, R.J.
name: Viljoen, Machiel F.
name: Armour, R.J.
name: Viljoen, Machiel F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Irrigation farmers in the lower reaches of the Vaal and Riet Rivers are experiencing substantial yield reductions in certain crops and more profitable crops have been withdrawn from production, hypothesised, as a result of generally poor but especially fluctuating water quality. In this paper secondary data is used in a linear programming model to test this hypothesis by calculating the potential loss in farm level optimal returns. The model is static with a time frame of two production seasons. Linear crop-water quality production functions (Ayers & Westcot, 1983; adapted from Maas & Hoffmann, 1977) are used to calculate net returns for the eight most common crops grown. Results show optimal enterprise composition under various water quality situations. Leaching is justified financially and there is a strong motivation for a change in the current water pricing system. SALMOD (Salinity and Leaching Model for Optimal irrigation Development) is the Excel Solver model used to derive the preliminary results, but is currently being developed further in GAMS (General Algebraic Modelling System). Useful results have already been obtained on which this paper is based. The ultimate aim for SALMOD is a mathematical model using dynamic optimisation, simulation and risk modelling techniques to aid in whole farm and system level management decisions to ensure sustainable irrigation agriculture under stochastic river water quality conditions.
Estimating Demand Elasticities of Meat Demand in Slovakia
Creators: name: Hupkova, Daniela
name: Bielik, Peter
name: Hupkova, Daniela
name: Bielik, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: meat consumption
subject: price elasticity
subject: income elasticity
subject: individual households’ categories
subject: fixed effect

description: This article focuses on assessing consumer beliefs, attitude and behaviour towards meat. The aim is to obtain estimates of price and income elasticity of meat demand in Slovakia. This report analyses pork, poultry and beef meat consumption in Slovakia according to the individual households’ social categories. The Household Budget Survey of the Slovak Statistical Office was used for period 1993-2007. The data consists of yearly observations of beef, pork and poultry consumption, average annual consumer prices of beef, pork and poultry meat and net income per capita. Knowing the values of demand elasticities for food is widely used to correct policy formation and analysing trade patterns all over the world, but especially in developing countries where food expenses represent relatively large shares of consumer budgets.
Driving factors for school milk demand in Germany
Creators: name: Christoph, Inken B.
name: Gonzalez-Mellado, Aida A.
name: Peter, Guenter
name: Petra, Salamon
name: Weber, Sascha A.
name: Christoph, Inken B.
name: Gonzalez-Mellado, Aida A.
name: Peter, Guenter
name: Petra, Salamon
name: Weber, Sascha A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: School Milk
subject: Demand Subsidy
subject: Food Demand
subject: Multilevel Analysis.

description: School milk consumption has declined steadily in Germany. A research project was set up to retrieve quantifiable information on the different factors of influence and to develop solutions to improve the school milk consumption.. The main goal is to evaluate the impact of price, product range, distribution form, information campaigns, regional situation, county based social index, socially-funded school milk distribution, and gender shares, as well as the immigration background share within a class. A total of 400 primary schools were selected by stratified random sampling. Surveys for principals and school milk managers were used to gain information on distribution problems throughout the milk chain, on the handling, and their attitudes towards school milk and milk in general. The price of school milk is being reduced stepwise in the 2008/09 school year. The quantity of consumption is reported per class. A multilevel analysis is applied to determine the factors driving consumption at the class level. First results will be validated. The paper comprises an extended introduction, followed by the research approach. A descriptive analysis is given following a detailed description of the experiment.. The estimation procedure is discussed before the results are presented. Finally, a qualification of outcomes and conclusions concerning further research are found.
Introduction to HTML report of analysis from Sibling rivalry versus mother's curse: can kin competition facilitate a response to selection on male mitochondria?
Creators: name: Keaney, Thomas A.
name: Wong, Heidi W. S.
name: Dowling, Damian K.
name: Therésa M. Jones
name: Holman, Luke
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Assuming that fathers never transmit mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to their offspring, mitochondrial mutations that affect male fitness are invisible to direct selection on males, leading to an accumulation of male-harming alleles in the mitochondrial genome (mother's curse). However, male phenotypes encoded by mtDNA can still undergo adaptation via kin selection provided that males interact with females carrying related mtDNA, such as their sisters. Here, using experiments with Drosophila melanogaster carrying standardized nuclear DNA but distinct mitochondrial DNA, we test whether the mitochondrial haplotype carried by interacting pairs of larvae affects survival to adulthood, as well as the fitness of the adults. Although mtDNA had no detectable direct or indirect genetic effect on larva-to-adult survival, the fitness of male and female adults was significantly affected by their own mtDNA and the mtDNA carried by their social partner in the larval stage. Thus, mtDNA mutations that alter the effect of male larvae on nearby female larvae (which often carry the same mutation, due to kinship) could theoretically respond to kin selection. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of mitochondria and other maternally inherited endosymbionts.
Exploring the organic agriculture practice in Mexico: an opportunity for small-scale farmers to feed themselves
Creators: name: Juarez Hernandez, Isabel
name: Hernandez Cervantes, Tania
name: Juarez Hernandez, Isabel
name: Hernandez Cervantes, Tania
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: organic agriculture
subject: self-sufficient food system
subject: local food system
subject: direct marketing
subject: Mexico.

description: We examine how organic farming practiced by small farmers in rural zones in Mexico could build a self-sufficient food system. We hold the hypothesis that the promotion of the local consumption of organic produce is an alternative to strengthen the local economy needed to sustain food self-sufficiency. The hypothesis stands against export oriented market and high external input technology of industrial agriculture that erodes small-scale farmers’ ability for self-sufficient food. Firstly, a debate about how organic farming systems promote local economies is presented, drawing on sustainable agriculture approach. Organic agriculture seems to be a suitable alternative for small-scale farmers because it allegedly diminishes financial vulnerabilities since they drop chemicals and external scientific assistance costs. Secondly, by analyzing some interviews to consumers in Mexico City, and documentary sources, we characterize the socio-economic networks supporting the organic practice in the country. Finally, we trace perspectives and conclusions of this alternative.
Small-Scale Structure, Missing Galaxies and Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Metcalf, R. Benton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational lensing constraints on the small mass end of the LCDM mass function are discussed. Here a conservative approach is taken where only the most difficult to explain image flux anomalies in strong QSO lenses are emphasized. Numerical simulations are performed to compare predictions for the LCDM small scale mass function with the observed flux ratios. It is found that the cusp caustic lens anomalies and the disagreements between monochromatic flux ratios and simple lens models can be explained without any substructure in the primary lenses' dark matter halos. Extragalactic LCDM halos of mass < 10^9 Msun are enough to naturally explain these anomalies. This does not mean that substructure within the host lens is not contributing. In fact, it could dominate the lensing depending on how much of substructure survives in the centers of galactic halos. Spectroscopic gravitational lensing provides more information on the nature of these substructures. Thus far, the one relevant case in which this technique has been used, observations of Q2237+0305, shows evidence of more small mass halos (~ 10^6 Msun$) than is expected in the LCDM model.
description: to appear in "Impact of Gravitational Lensing on Cosmology", IAU Symposium 225, ed. Mellier & Meylan
An investigation of the supply chain of fisheries products in Greece
Creators: name: Kaimakoudi, Eleni
name: Polymeros, Konstantinos
name: Karelakis, Christos
name: Kaimakoudi, Eleni
name: Polymeros, Konstantinos
name: Karelakis, Christos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: market analysis
subject: Structure – Conduct – Performance
subject: fisheries products

description: The present study provides an empirical investigation of the supply chain of fisheries products in Greece, through the implementation of the Structure – Conduct and Performance (SCP) methodological approach. The determinants of market performance have been analyzed considering the causal relationship of industry structure and firm conduct, and consecutively the causal relationship of firm conduct and market performance. Primary data were collected from Greek fisheries products stakeholders through personal interviews. The findings reveal that firm conduct is affected by industry structure and sequentially both have a bearing upon market performance. As concerns the impact of firm conduct on market performance, quality assurance has the most significant positive effect, which reveals the significance of product differentiation strategy in determining the market performance of Greek fisheries firms. According to the total effects on each dependent variable as a whole, the industry structure has greater impact on market performance than the firm conduct. The most important factor that affects firm conduct is international competition while the most important factors that affect market performance are those pertaining to industry structure – namely competitive advantage and C.F.P measures. The most positive and significant effect of competitive advantage that is reflected to customer demand, trade barriers and competition illustrates that it is a prerequisite to improve levels of market performance. These findings may assist all involved parties to confront impediments and develop efficient marketing strategies to compete more successfully in the global marketplace.
Supplementary file 1 from Apoptosis in gonadal somatic cells of scleractinian corals: implications of structural adjustments for gamete production and release
Creators: name: Shikina, Shinya
name: Che-Chun Chen
name: Chiu, Yi-Ling
name: Pin-Hsuan Tsai
name: Ching-Fong Chang
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cell Biology

description: The cDNA sequences of apoptotic pathway-related genes identified in a transcriptome database of E. ancora
Farmer’s objectives as determinant factors of organic farming adoption
Creators: name: Kallas, Zein
name: Serra, Teresa
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Kallas, Zein
name: Serra, Teresa
name: Gil, Jose Maria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Organic farming adoption
subject: Duration Analysis
subject: Analytical Hierarchy Process
subject: farmers’ objectives.

description: Our paper seeks to assess the decision to adopt organic farming practices. More specifically, we use Duration Analysis (DA) to determine why farmers adopt organic farming and the timing of adoption. We extend previous studies by including farmers’ objectives, risk preferences and agricultural policies as covariates in the DA model. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used as a multi-criteria decision-making methodology to measure farmers’ objectives. The empirical analysis uses farm-level data collected through a questionnaire to a sample of vineyard holdings in the Spanish region of Catalonia. Farmers’ objectives are found to influence the conversion decision. Moreover, farmers who are not risk averse are more prone to adopt organic farming. Results also identify the policy changes that have been more relevant in motivating adoption of organic practices.
Pressure scrambling effects and the quantification of turbulent scalar flux model uncertainties
Creators: name: Hao, Zengrong
name: Gorlé, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Closure models for the turbulent scalar flux are an important source of uncertainty in Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of scalar transport. This paper presents an approach to quantify this uncertainty in simulations of complex engineering flows. The approach addresses the uncertainty in modeling the pressure scrambling (PS) effect, which is the primary mechanism balancing the productions in scalar flux dynamics. Inspired by the two classical phenomenological theories of return-to-isotropy (RI) and isotropization-of-production (IP), we assume that the most likely directions of the PS term are around a fan-shaped region bounded by the RI and IP directions. Subsequently, we propose a strategy that requires two additional simulations, defining perturbations of the PS directions towards the RI and IP limits. The approach is applied to simulations of forced heat convection in a complex pin-fin array configuration, and shows favorable monotonic properties and bounding behaviors for various quantities of interest (QoIs) relevant to heat transfer. To conclude, the results are analyzed from the perspective of transverse scalar transport in a shear flow; the analysis indicates that the proposed approach is likely to exhibit monotonic behaviors in a wide range of scalar transport problems.
description: Submitted to Physical Review Fluids
Additional file 1 of Temperature-related mortality and associated vulnerabilities: evidence from Scotland using extended time-series datasets
Creators: name: Wan, Kai
name: Feng, Zhiqiang
name: Hajat, Shakoor
name: Doherty, Ruth M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Effects of policy instruments on farm investments and production decisions in the Spanish cop sector
Creators: name: Kallas, Zein
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Serra, Teresa
name: Kallas, Zein
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Serra, Teresa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: farm investments
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: decoupling
subject: production.

description: Our paper asses the impacts of the partially decoupled (PD) scheme, implemented during the 1990s and first half of the 2000s in the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), on on-farm investment as well as on other production decisions. The Spanish COP sector was taken as a case study due to its economic and political relevance. The empirical analysis is applied on farm-level data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), observed from 2000 to 2004, based on. We use a reduced-form application of the dual model of investment under uncertainty and a system of censored and non censored equations is estimated. PD payments are found to increase short-run production and to generate a statically significant increase in the investment in farm assets. Results also show the importance of assessing the effects of PD payments in a dynamic framework as the one applied in this paper.
Formation of 1-azaspirocycles via semipinacol rearrangements and its application to the synthesis of fasicularin
Creators: name: Fenster, Michael David Bengt
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Semipinacol rearrangements forming 1-azaspirocycles as well as a formal synthesis of fasicularin are reported. 1-Azaspirocycles are formed by either an acid mediated semipinacol rearrangement or an epoxide semipinacol rearrangement. Semipinacol rearrangement substrates are prepared from N-para-toluenesulfonyl protected lactams. 1-Azaspiro[5.4]decanones (a) are formed in high yield and moderate to excellent diastereoselectivity via acid mediated semipinacol rearrangement of substrates resembling b. Unfortunately, larger cyclic systems (such as c) are not formed using this method due to competing hydrolysis. The epoxide semipinacol rearrangement offers a viable solution to the hydrolysis problem. 1-Azaspiro[5.5]undecanones (d) are formed in excellent yield and diastereoselectivity from substrates resembling e. Currently, the restricted scope of this method remains a drawback. The epoxide semipinacol rearrangement of substrates resembling f affords 1-azaspiro[5.4]decanones (g) in good diastereoselectivity provided ytterbium (III) triflate is employed as the Lewis acid. Complementary diastereomer formation (h) is possible upon substituting the trimethylsilyl protecting group in the substrate (such as in i) and the ytterbium (III) Lewis acid for titanium (IV) tetrachloride. The highest level of diastereoselectivity in the epoxide semipinacol rearrangement is obtained when no protecting group is employed (i.e. j). This method, however, is not yet general. The formal synthesis of fasicularin was achieved in 24 steps (longest linear sequence) starting from inexpensive L-glutamic acid. The spiro centre is established by use of the semipinacol rearrangement methodology developed in our laboratory. Other key features of the synthesis include a S-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura coupling followed by a Mitsunobu-type ring closure to assemble the A-ring and a substrate-controlled hydrogenation to establish the A-B trans ring fusion. Significantly, all stereocentres but one are established by stereochemical relay of the stereochemistry present in L-glutamic acid. [diagrams are not included]
Vertical price formation in the Finnish food chain
Creators: name: Karikallio, Hanna
name: Arovuori, Kyösti
name: Pyykkonen, Perttu
name: Karikallio, Hanna
name: Arovuori, Kyösti
name: Pyykkonen, Perttu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food chain
subject: price formation
subject: Finland

description: In this paper we analyse, how food prices have been spread between different actors in the Finnish food chain in 2000-2007. In addition, we compare price formation in Finland to eight other countries. We argue that the main factors explaining different food price behaviour between different countries especially in Europe are; the level of processing in the consumed food products, domestic competition, availability of substitute products, domestic consumption structure and consumers’ preferences. Our results show, that retailers’ share of food prices has increased in Finland, while both the farmers’ and processors’ share has been decreasing. This development differs significantly between countries. Yet, it seems that the lack of competition gives retail sector a significant advantage in the food chain, especially when food processors are facing increased competition on from imports.
Robust and Low Complexity Beam Tracking with Monopulse Signal for UAV Communications
Creators: name: Song, Ha-Lim
name: Ko, Young-Chai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: UAV communications based on an antenna array entail a beam tracking technology for reliable link acquisition. Unlike conventional cellular communication, beam tracking in UAV communication addresses new issues such as mobility and abrupt channel disconnection from UAV's perturbation. To deal with these issues, we propose a beam tracking scheme based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) using a monopulse signal, which can provide (1) higher robustness by offering a reliable link in the estimated spatial direction and (2) lower complexity compared with the existing conventional beam tracking schemes. We point out the limitations of using a beamformed signal as a measurement model for a Kalman filter (KF) based scheme and instead utilize the monopulse signal as a more plausible model. For the performance evaluation, we derive the upper bound of the mean square error for spatial angle estimation of UAV and confirm that the proposed scheme is stable with a certain bounded error. We also show from various simulations that the proposed scheme can efficiently track UAV and detect beam disconnection every time frame using a beamformed signal.
Towards Sharper Risk Bounds for Minimax Problems
Creators: name: Zhu, Bowei
name: Li, Shaojie
name: Liu, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Minimax problems have achieved success in machine learning such as adversarial training, robust optimization, reinforcement learning. For theoretical analysis, current optimal excess risk bounds, which are composed by generalization error and optimization error, present 1/n-rates in strongly-convex-strongly-concave (SC-SC) settings. Existing studies mainly focus on minimax problems with specific algorithms for optimization error, with only a few studies on generalization performance, which limit better excess risk bounds. In this paper, we study the generalization bounds measured by the gradients of primal functions using uniform localized convergence. We obtain a sharper high probability generalization error bound for nonconvex-strongly-concave (NC-SC) stochastic minimax problems. Furthermore, we provide dimension-independent results under Polyak-Lojasiewicz condition for the outer layer. Based on our generalization error bound, we analyze some popular algorithms such as empirical saddle point (ESP), gradient descent ascent (GDA) and stochastic gradient descent ascent (SGDA). We derive better excess primal risk bounds with further reasonable assumptions, which, to the best of our knowledge, are n times faster than exist results in minimax problems.
Supplementary comments and references from The development of flight behaviours in birds
Creators: name: Ruaux, Geoffrey
name: Lumineau, Sophie
name: Margerie, Emmanuel De
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary comments on A-Altricial-precocial spectrum, B-Developmental timing of flight in precocial birds, C-Fledging timing in altricial birds and D-Anatomical differences of the flight apparatus between juveniles and adults. +28 supplementary references.
Additional file 1 of Chest dual-energy CT to assess the effects of steroids on lung function in severe COVID-19 patients
Creators: name: Perchiazzi, Gaetano
name: Larina, Aleksandra
name: Hansen, Tomas
name: Frithiof, Robert
name: Hultström, Michael
name: Lipcsey, Miklos
name: Pellegrini, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Material and Methods.
Spectral energy distribution of the gamma-ray microquasar LS 5039
Creators: name: Paredes, J. M.
name: Bosch-Ramon, V.
name: Romero, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microquasar LS 5039 has recently been detected as a source of very high energy (VHE) $γ$-rays. This detection, that confirms the previously proposed association of LS 5039 with the EGRET source 3EG~J1824$-$1514, makes of LS 5039 a special system with observational data covering nearly all the electromagnetic spectrum. In order to reproduce the observed spectrum of LS 5039, from radio to VHE $γ$-rays, we have applied a cold matter dominated jet model that takes into account accretion variability, the jet magnetic field, particle acceleration, adiabatic and radiative losses, microscopic energy conservation in the jet, and pair creation and absorption due to the external photon fields, as well as the emission from the first generation of secondaries. The radiative processes taken into account are synchrotron, relativistic Bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton (IC). The model is based on a scenario that has been characterized with recent observational results, concerning the orbital parameters, the orbital variability at X-rays and the nature of the compact object. The computed spectral energy distribution (SED) shows a good agreement with the available observational data.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to A&A, revised vesion accounting for referee comments, small improvements of the results due to better calculations
Agricultural Land Elasticities in the United States and Brazil
Creators: name: Barr, Kanlaya J.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Nassar, Andre Meloni
name: Harfuch, Leila
name: Barr, Kanlaya J.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Nassar, Andre Meloni
name: Harfuch, Leila
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: acreage elasticity
subject: Brazil
subject: indirect land-use change
subject: land-use elasticities.

description: The elasticity of aggregate supply is one key to understanding the degree to which policy-induced increases in demand for biofuel feedstocks or agricultural CO2 offsets will result in higher prices or expanded supply. In this paper we report land supply elasticities for the United States and Brazil estimated directly from the observed changes in cropland and estimated changes in expected returns. The resulting aggregate implied land-use elasticities with respect to price are quite inelastic in the United States and more elastic in Brazil (0.007-0.029 and 0.382-0.895, respectively). However, with pasture land included in Brazil, implied elasticities become much less inelastic (0.007-0.245).
Additional file 2 of Chest dual-energy CT to assess the effects of steroids on lung function in severe COVID-19 patients
Creators: name: Perchiazzi, Gaetano
name: Larina, Aleksandra
name: Hansen, Tomas
name: Frithiof, Robert
name: Hultström, Michael
name: Lipcsey, Miklos
name: Pellegrini, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Table E1. Descriptive statistics for HU distribution for pulmonary gas volume and blood volume maps. Whole population (n = 60). Comparison between the whole parenchyma and hypoinflated areas. Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) as well as percent. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to test statistical differences between the whole parenchyma and the hypoinflated one (α = 0.05); *: to mark statistically significant differences. Table E2. Descriptive statistics for HU distribution for pulmonary gas volume and blood volume maps. Separately for the No-Steroids group (n = 17, Panel A) and the Steroids group (n = 43, Panel A) Comparison between the whole parenchyma and hypoinflated areas (Panel A and B) as well as between No-Steroids and Steroids group (Panel C). Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) as well as percent. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to test statistical differences (α = 0.05); *: to mark statistically significant differences. Figure E1. Not Perfused Area % vs Kurtosis scatter plot in the No-Steroids (left) and the Steroids (right) group. Data reported for all the included patients, divided in No-Steroids (left) and Steroids (right), in the whole parenchyma (blue) and the hypo-/non-inflated lung (red). The stars represent the mean values for each of the four groups of data. The group treated with steroids (right /stars) has significantly higher values of kurtosis than patients in the No-Steroids group (left/stars). The Not Perfused parenchyma in the hypo/not inflated lung is larger in the No-Steroids group (left red) compared to the Steroids group (right red). No differences are detectable in the Whole lung parenchyma (blue) between Steroids and No-Steroids group. These findings can be interpreted as preserved hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in the No-Steroids group and jeopardized HPV in the Steroids group. Figure E2. Distribution of total lung weight in the two analyzed groups: N-Steroids (left) and Steroids (right). Each orange circle indicates the estimated lung weight in grams for each included patient. The mean values are indicated as black lines and reported as values.
Magnetic Soret effect: Application of the ferrofluid dynamics theory
Creators: name: Lange, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ferrofluid dynamics theory is applied to thermodiffusive problems in magnetic fluids in the presence of magnetic fields. The analytical form for the magnetic part of the chemical potential and the most general expression of the mass flux are given. By employing these results to experiments, global Soret coefficients in agreement with measurements are determined. Also an estimate for a hitherto unknown transport coefficient is made.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
The Athena++ Adaptive Mesh Refinement Framework: Design and Magnetohydrodynamic Solvers
Creators: name: Stone, James M.
name: Tomida, Kengo
name: White, Christopher J.
name: Felker, Kyle G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design and implementation of a new framework for adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) calculations is described. It is intended primarily for applications in astrophysical fluid dynamics, but its flexible and modular design enables its use for a wide variety of physics. The framework works with both uniform and nonuniform grids in Cartesian and curvilinear coordinate systems. It adopts a dynamic execution model based on a simple design called a "task list" that improves parallel performance by overlapping communication and computation, simplifies the inclusion of a diverse range of physics, and even enables multiphysics models involving different physics in different regions of the calculation. We describe physics modules implemented in this framework for both non-relativistic and relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). These modules adopt mature and robust algorithms originally developed for the Athena MHD code and incorporate new extensions: support for curvilinear coordinates, higher-order time integrators, more realistic physics such as a general equation of state, and diffusion terms that can be integrated with super-time-stepping algorithms. The modules show excellent performance and scaling, with well over 80% parallel efficiency on over half a million threads. The source code has been made publicly available.
description: 50 pages, 41 figures, accepted for publication in American Astronomical Society journals
A Profile of the Western Cape Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality, and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Creators: name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Demographic Trends and Forecasts
subject: Labor Force and Employment
subject: Size
subject: and Structure
subject: Agricultural Labor Markets

description: The Western Cape agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 3.9% of the Western Cape value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 3% of the population in the Western Cape is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities. This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being dominated by the African and Coloured individuals and that employment in the Western Cape agricultural sector is on a decreasing trend. It shows further that income distribution is highly skewed which leads to high levels of poverty and inequality. Agricultural incomes are lowest across all races compared to non-agricultural incomes except for the White farmers/farm workers who earn more than their counterparts in other sectors. This was investigated and explained characteristics such as education and experience levels can be attributed to this. Poverty is extremely high for Coloured workers in the Western Cape agricultural sector but has decreased since 2000. One of the principal concerns is that of inequality. It shows no improvement since 2000 with a high in-between race inequality and lower within race inequality in the Western Cape agricultural sector. Throughout the report the Western Cape agricultural sector is compared to the non-agricultural sector, Western Cape overall and South Africa for a better understanding of the Western Cape agricultural sector’s position. This report indicates that the Western Cape agricultural sector could benefit from intervention and support to correct the present state of decreasing employment, low income, and high poverty and inequality levels.
Additional file 1 of Genetic and epigenetic regulation of Catechol-O-methyltransferase in relation to inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome and Fibromyalgia
Creators: name: Polli, Andrea
name: Hendrix, Jolien
name: Ickmans, Kelly
name: Bakusic, Jelena
name: Ghosh, Manosij
name: Monteyne, Dora
name: Velkeniers, Brigitte
name: Bekaert, Bram
name: Nijs, Jo
name: Godderis, Lode
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Moss matters – encounters in a non-verbal language
Creators: name: Kothe, Lara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities
subject: artistic research
subject: more-than-human
subject: interspecies relations
subject: new materialism

description: The essay "Moss Matters" by Lara Kothe delves into the significance of moss in our lives and the interconnectedness between humans and more-than-human entities. Kothe emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift towards acknowledging the unity of nature and culture, as proposed by scholars like Donna Haraway. The text highlights the challenges faced in the Anthropocene, such as climate change and biodiversity loss, urging for a reimagining of relationships and perspectives. Through encounters with moss, the narrative explores the idea of identity, agency, and the co-constitution of human existence by more-than-human beings. The document also touches upon the therapeutic benefits of nature, such as the practice of Shinrin-yoku, and the need for a deeper connection with the environment. Overall, the text encourages readers to embrace new ways of thinking and engage in interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the world around us.
AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY: THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY IN HUNGARIAN HOME GARDENS
Creators: name: Birol, Ekin
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Gyovai, Agnes
name: Birol, Ekin
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Gyovai, Agnes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: agricultural biodiversity
subject: in situ conservation
subject: choice experiment method
subject: Hungary
subject: home garden

description: Agricultural biodiversity is an environmental resource. Much of the agricultural biodiversity remaining in situ today is found on the semi-subsistence farms of poorer countries and the small-scale farms or home gardens of more industrialized nations. The traditional small farms of Hungary are labelled "home gardens" as a reflection of their institutional identity during the collectivisation period. Homesteads managed with family labor, they continue to serve essential food security and diet quality functions during economic transition. Home gardens contribute to the preservation of rural settlements and cultural heritage, and they contain relatively high levels of several components of agricultural biodiversity. The role of home gardens in the agri-environmental program that is now being formulated by Hungary and the European Union has not been elucidated, though the stated goal of these policies is to support multifunctional agriculture. This study estimates the private value that Hungarian farmers assign to home gardens and their biodiversity attributes, and indicates how such information might be used in designing least-cost mechanisms to support their maintenance as part of the national agri-environmental program.
Detecting Dark Energy in Orbit -- the Cosmological Chameleon
Creators: name: Brax, Philippe
name: van de Bruck, Carsten
name: Davis, Anne-Christine
name: Khoury, Justin
name: Weltman, Amanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the chameleon scalar field can drive the current phase of cosmic acceleration for a large class of scalar potentials that are also consistent with local tests of gravity. These provide explicit realizations of a quintessence model where the quintessence scalar field couples directly to baryons and dark matter with gravitational strength. We analyze the cosmological evolution of the chameleon field and show the existence of an attractor solution with the chameleon following the minimum of its effective potential. For a wide range of initial conditions, spanning many orders of magnitude in initial chameleon energy density, the attractor is reached before nucleosynthesis. Surprisingly, the range of allowed initial conditions leading to a successful cosmology is wider than in normal quintessence. We discuss applications to the cyclic model of the universe and show how the chameleon mechanism weakens some of the constraints on cyclic potentials.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures. v2: Minor corrections, added references, version published in PRD
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF GENETIC RESOURCES, THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR OWNERSHIP: THE CASE OF THE U.S. NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM
Creators: name: Day-Rubenstein, Kelly A.
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Day-Rubenstein, Kelly A.
name: Smale, Melinda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Crop genetic resources
subject: genebanks
subject: germplasm collection
subject: genetic resource management
subject: developing countries

description: Changing perceptions of resource ownership have altered international exchange of genetic resources. After summarizing the role of genebanks and issues related to property regimes, this paper presents an empirical study of one of the largest national genebanks, the U.S. National Germplasm System. The demand for its genetic resources appears to be substantial, both domestically and internationally. Utilization rates are higher than suggested by past studies. The role of information in enhancing the usefulness of NPGS resources is explored with an econometric model that indicates that accompanying data make germplasm more useful. U.S. requestors account for most of the germplasm demanded, but developing countries appear to make greater use of these resources, proportionally, in terms of overall usefulness, secondary sharing, and the presence of useful data. Demand for public germplasm is likely to increase in the future, particularly from developing countries.
Clustering Techniques for Marbles Classification
Creators: name: Caldas-Pinto, J. R.
name: Pina, Pedro
name: Ramos, Vitorino
name: Ramalho, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2; I.5

description: Automatic marbles classification based on their visual appearance is an important industrial issue. However, there is no definitive solution to the problem mainly due to the presence of randomly distributed high number of different colours and its subjective evaluation by the human expert. In this paper we present a study of segmentation techniques, we evaluate they overall performance using a training set and standard quality measures and finally we apply different clustering techniques to automatically classify the marbles. KEYWORDS: Segmentation, Clustering, Quadtrees, Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), Simulated Annealing (SA).
description: 7 pages, 17 figures, at http://alfa.ist.utl.pt/~cvrm/staff/vramos/ref_41.html
The cohomology rings of Hilbert schemes via Jack polynomials
Creators: name: Li, Wei-Ping
name: Qin, Zhenbo
name: Wang, Weiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note, generalizing earlier work of Nakajima and Vasserot, we study the (equivariant) cohomology rings of Hilbert schemes of certain toric surfaces and establish their connections to Fock space and Jack polynomials.
description: Appeared in a CRM proceedings edited by Hurtubise and Markman
Supplemental table from Quantitative proteomics reveals rapid divergence in the postmating response of female reproductive tracts among sibling species
Creators: name: McCullough, Erin L.
name: McDonough, Caitlin E.
name: Pitnick, Scott
name: Dorus, Steve
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Summary of the number of differentially abundant proteins that are estimated or identified as significant for each pairwise comparison