cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and insulin resistance
Creators: name: Coleman, Rosalind A.
name: Klett, Eric L.
name: Nagle, Cynthia A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The association of hepatic steatosis with hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes has prompted investigators to elucidate the underlying mechanism. In this review we focus on pathways of lipid metabolism, and we review recent data, primarily from mouse models, that link lipid intermediates with insulin resistance. Most of the studies that implicate acyl-CoA, lysophosphatidic acid, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, or ceramide rely on indirect associations. Convincing data to support the hypothesis that specific lipid intermediates initiate pathways that alter insulin signaling will require studies in which the concentration of each purported signaling molecule can be manipulated independently.
Longitudinal impact of physical activity on lipid profiles in middle-aged adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Ballantyne, Christie M.
name: North, Kari E.
name: Monda, Keri L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Evidence exists that increased levels of physical activity decrease the population burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although risk factors for CVD, including plasma lipids and lipoproteins, have been associated with physical activity, studies including a sizeable number of minority participants are lacking. Our purpose was to interrogate the longitudinal effect of physical activity on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the African American and white participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Nine years of follow-up data on 8,764 individuals aged 45–64 years at baseline were used in linear mixed-effects models to estimate the association between increases in baseline physical activity on mean change in HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Increases in the level of activity were associated with increases in HDL in all strata and decreases in triglycerides among white participants. Physical activity was associated with LDL in all women, while the association with total cholesterol was limited to African American women. This study is one of the few to investigate the effect of physical activity on lipids and lipoproteins in a race- and sex-specific manner. Overall our results highlight the importance of physical activity on plasma lipid profiles and provide evidence for novel differential associations.
Discrete Gauge Symmetries by Higgsing in four-dimensional F-Theory Compactifications
Creators: name: Mayrhofer, Christoph
name: Palti, Eran
name: Till, Oskar
name: Weigand, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study F-Theory compactifications to four dimensions that exhibit discrete gauge symmetries. Geometrically these arise by deforming elliptic fibrations with two sections to a genus-one fibration with a bi-section. From a four-dimensional field-theory perspective they are remnant symmetries from a Higgsed U(1) gauge symmetry. We implement such symmetries in the presence of an additional SU(5) symmetry and associated matter fields, giving a geometric prescription for calculating the induced discrete charge for the matter curves and showing the absence of Yukawa couplings that are forbidden by this charge. We present a detailed map between the field theory and the geometry, including an identification of the Higgs field and the massless states before and after the Higgsing. Finally we show that the Higgsing of the U(1) induces a G-flux which precisely accounts for the change in the Calabi-Yau Euler number so as to leave the D3 tadpole invariant.
description: 30 pages; v2: substantially improved presentation, refs added; v3: refs. added, appendix A on remnant discrete subgroups included; v4: refs. added
D'explorer Explore cloud datasets from your notebooks
Creators: name: Ramirez-Linan, Ramon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Navteca has been helping NASA and other organizations with the deployment of Jupyterhub connected to HPC clusters in the cloud. We call this platform Open Science Studio. Through the collaboration with NASA scientists working on the Earth Information System pilot project and other projects that use the Open Science Studio, we have been collecting requirements and feedback from the scientists related to making the platform more useful for their purposes. Some of this feedback has been translated into a new Jupyterlab extension which provides one or more new capabilities. One of these new capabilities is what we will present to the Pangeo group. The new Jupyterlab extension allows Jupyter Notebook users to interact with datasets stored into different cloud object storage systems, including AWS S3, Azure Blob and GCP Storage. The extension allows users to do things like download and upload files to these cloud storage systems, access publicly available datasets from AWS, Azure and Google, add specific buckets to a list of favorites or even make cross-account buckets available in the user interface
Using the Single Quark Transition Model to predict nucleon resonance amplitudes
Creators: name: Ramalho, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present predictions for the $γ^\ast N \to N^\ast$ helicity amplitudes, where $N^\ast$ is a member of the $[70,1^-]$ supermultiplet. We combine the results from the single quark transition model for the helicity amplitudes with the results of the covariant spectator quark model for the $γ^\ast N \to N^\ast(1535)$ and $γ^\ast N \to N^\ast(1520)$ transitions. The theoretical estimations from the covariant spectator quark model are used to calculate three independent functions $A,B$, and $C$ of $Q^2$, where $Q^2=-q^2$ and $q$ is the momentum transfer. With the knowledge of the functions $A,B$, and $C$ we estimate the helicity amplitudes for the transitions $γ^\ast N \to N^\ast(1650)$, $γ^\ast N \to N^\ast(1700)$, $γ^\ast N \to Δ(1620)$, and $γ^\ast N \to Δ(1700)$. The analysis is restricted to reactions with proton targets. The predictions for the transition amplitudes are valid for $Q^2 > 2$ GeV$^2$.
description: Published version. 12 pages, 6 figures, extended bibliography
Emerging Optical Microscopy Techniques for Electrochemistry
Creators: name: Lemineur, Jean-François
name: Wang, Hui
name: Wang, Wei
name: Kanoufi, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An optical microscope is probably the most intuitive, simple and commonly used instrument to observe objects and discuss behaviors through images. Although the idea of imaging electrochemical processes operando by optical microscopy was initiated 40 years ago, it was not until significant progress made in the last two decades in advanced optical microscopy or plasmonics that it could become a mainstream electroanalytical strategy. This review illustrates the potential of different optical microscopies to visualize and quantify local electrochemical processes with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution (below the diffraction limit), up to the single object level with subnanoparticle or single molecule sensitivity. Developed through optically and electrochemically active model systems, optical microscopy is now shifting to materials and configurations focused on real-world electrochemical applications.
description: Submitted to Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry
Découverte d'une nouvelle galaxie elliptique et torique qui orbite dans la partie centrale de l ' Univers grâce aux images en infra-rouge lointain du J.W.S.T.
Creators: name: Jacques, Puyuelo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: cosmologie galaxie torique elliptique dimension universelle

description: Découverte d'une galaxie elliptique et torique permettant de définir les dimensions supérieures de l ' Univers.
Ontogeny and nutritional control of adipogenesis in zebrafish ( Danio rerio )
Creators: name: Flynn, Edward J.
name: Trent, Chad M.
name: Rawls, John F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The global obesity epidemic demands an improved understanding of the developmental and environmental factors regulating fat storage. Adipocytes serve as major sites of fat storage and as regulators of energy balance and inflammation. The optical transparency of developing zebrafish provides new opportunities to investigate mechanisms governing adipocyte biology, however zebrafish adipocytes remain uncharacterized. We have developed methods for visualizing zebrafish adipocytes in vivo by labeling neutral lipid droplets with Nile Red. Our results establish that neutral lipid droplets first accumulate in visceral adipocytes during larval stages and increase in number and distribution as zebrafish grow. We show that the cellular anatomy of zebrafish adipocytes is similar to mammalian white adipocytes and identify peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor γ and fatty acid binding protein 11a as markers of the zebrafish adipocyte lineage. By monitoring adipocyte development prior to neutral lipid deposition, we find that the first visceral preadipocytes appear in association with the pancreas shortly after initiation of exogenous nutrition. Zebrafish reared in the absence of food fail to form visceral preadipocytes, indicating that exogenous nutrition is required for adipocyte development. These results reveal homologies between zebrafish and mammalian adipocytes and establish the zebrafish as a new model for adipocyte research.
Phospholipase C isozymes as effectors of Ras superfamily GTPases
Creators: name: Sondek, John
name: Harden, T. Kendall
name: Hicks, Stephanie N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The physiological effects of many extracellular stimuli are initiated through receptor-promoted activation of phospholipase C and inositol lipid signaling pathways. The historical view that phospholipase C-promoted signaling primarily occurs through activation of heterotrimeric G proteins or tyrosine kinases has expanded in recent years with the realization that at least three different mammalian phospholipase C isozymes are directly activated by members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Thus, Ras, Rap, Rac, and Rho GTPases all specifically regulate certain phospholipase C isozymes, and insight into the physiological significance of these signaling responses is beginning to accrue. High resolution three-dimensional structures of phospholipase C isozymes also are beginning to shed light on their mechanism of activation.
An Effective Guide to Beyond the Standard Model Physics
Creators: name: Masso, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective Lagrangians with dimension-six operators are widely used to analyse Higgs and other electroweak data. We show how to build a basis of operators such that each operator corresponds to a coupling which is well measured or will be in the future. We choose a set of couplings such that the correspondence is one-to-one. In our framework, some important features of the Lagrangian are transparent. For example, one can clearly see the presence or absence of correlations among measurable quantities. This may be a useful guide when searching for physics beyond the Standard Model.
description: Discussion expanded and tables added. Conclusions unchanged. 28 pag
IRMAC: Interpretable Refined Motifs in Binary Classification for Smart Grid Applications
Creators: name: Yuan, Rui
name: Pourmousavi, S. Ali
name: Soong, Wen L.
name: Nguyen, Giang
name: Liisberg, Jon A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Modern power systems are experiencing the challenge of high uncertainty with the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources and the electrification of heating systems. In this paradigm shift, understanding electricity users' demand is of utmost value to retailers, aggregators, and policymakers. However, behind-the-meter (BTM) equipment and appliances at the household level are unknown to the other stakeholders mainly due to privacy concerns and tight regulations. In this paper, we seek to identify residential consumers based on their BTM equipment, mainly rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric heating, using imported/purchased energy data from utility meters. To solve this problem with an interpretable, fast, secure, and maintainable solution, we propose an integrated method called Interpretable Refined Motifs And binary Classification (IRMAC). The proposed method comprises a novel shape-based pattern extraction technique, called Refined Motif (RM) discovery, and a single-neuron classifier. The first part extracts a sub-pattern from the long time series considering the frequency of occurrences, average dissimilarity, and time dynamics while emphasising specific times with annotated distances. The second part identifies users' types with linear complexity while preserving the transparency of the algorithms. With the real data from Australia and Denmark, the proposed method is tested and verified in identifying PV owners and electrical heating system users.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
Expression of the human apoE2 isoform in adipocytes: altered cellular processing and impaired adipocyte lipogenesis
Creators: name: Maeda, Nobuyo
name: Huang, Zhi H.
name: Mazzone, Theodore
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Expression of apoE in adipocytes has been shown to have an important role in modulating adipocyte triglyceride (TG) metabolism and gene expression that is independent of circulating and extracellular apoE. The impact of adipocyte expression of common human apoE isoforms was evaluated using adipocytes harvested from human apoE2, -3, and -4 knock-in mice. Expression of the apoE2 isoform was associated with an increase in adipocyte apoE gene expression and apoE synthesis. Newly synthesized apoE2 was unstable in adipocytes and demonstrated increased degradation and decreased secretion. ApoE2-expressing mice were hyperlipidemic, and had increased size of gonadal fat pads and of adipocytes, compared with apoE3 mice. In isolated cells, however, expression of the apoE2 isoform produced defective lipogenesis and increased TG hydrolysis. Incubation of adipose tissue with apoE3-containing TG-rich lipoproteins resulted in a significant increase in TG in adipose tissue from apoE3 and -E4 mice, but not apoE2 mice. Reduced capacity to internalize FFA as lipogenic substrate contributed to defective lipogenesis. Newly synthesized apoE2 is unstable in adipocytes and results in decreased adipocyte TG synthesis and defective FA uptake. These changes recapitulate those observed in apoE knockout adipocytes and have implications for understanding metabolic disturbances in humans expressing the E2 isoform.
Découverte d'une nouvelle galaxie elliptique et torique qui orbite autour du centre de l ' Univers grâce aux images en infra-rouge lointain du J.W.S.T.
Creators: name: Jacques, Puyuelo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: galaxie torique elliptique dimension universelle JWST tachyons cosmologie Univers

description: Découverte d'un nouveau type de galaxie torique et elliptique près du centre de l ' Univers grâce au telescope spatial J.W.S.T.
description: Correction orthographique dans la version 002
Obesity and altered glucose metabolism impact HDL composition in CETP transgenic mice: a role for ovarian hormones
Creators: name: Overton, Matthew
name: Fazio, Sergio
name: Martinez, Melissa N.
name: Cappel, David A.
name: Tabb, David L.
name: McDonald, W. Hayes
name: Hill, Salisha
name: Hachey, David L.
name: Emfinger, Christopher H.
name: Ramaswamy, Tara S.
name: Stafford, John M.
name: Wu, Ke
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Mechanisms underlying changes in HDL composition caused by obesity are poorly defined, partly because mice lack expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which shuttles triglyceride and cholesteryl ester between lipoproteins. Because menopause is associated with weight gain, altered glucose metabolism, and changes in HDL, we tested the effect of feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) and ovariectomy (OVX) on glucose metabolism and HDL composition in CETP transgenic mice. After OVX, female CETP-expressing mice had accelerated weight gain with HFD-feeding and impaired glucose tolerance by hyperglycemic clamp techniques, compared with OVX mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD). Sham-operated mice (SHAM) did not show HFD-induced weight gain and had less glucose intolerance than OVX mice. Using shotgun HDL proteomics, HFD-feeding in OVX mice had a large effect on HDL composition, including increased levels of apoA2, apoA4, apoC2, and apoC3, proteins involved in TG metabolism. These changes were associated with decreased hepatic expression of SR-B1, ABCA1, and LDL receptor, proteins involved in modulating the lipid content of HDL. In SHAM mice, there were minimal changes in HDL composition with HFD feeding. These studies suggest that the absence of ovarian hormones negatively influences the response to high-fat feeding in terms of glucose tolerance and HDL composition. CETP-expressing mice may represent a useful model to define how metabolic changes affect HDL composition and function.
StoryDB: Broad Multi-language Narrative Dataset
Creators: name: Tikhonov, Alexey
name: Samenko, Igor
name: Yamshchikov, Ivan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: This paper presents StoryDB - a broad multi-language dataset of narratives. StoryDB is a corpus of texts that includes stories in 42 different languages. Every language includes 500+ stories. Some of the languages include more than 20 000 stories. Every story is indexed across languages and labeled with tags such as a genre or a topic. The corpus shows rich topical and language variation and can serve as a resource for the study of the role of narrative in natural language processing across various languages including low resource ones. We also demonstrate how the dataset could be used to benchmark three modern multilanguage models, namely, mDistillBERT, mBERT, and XLM-RoBERTa.
Capillary origami of micro-machined micro-objects: Bi-layer conductive hinges
Creators: name: Legrain, A.
name: Berenschot, J. W.
name: Tas, N. R.
name: Abelmann, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, we demonstrated controllable 3D self-folding by means of capillary forces of silicon-nitride micro-objects made of rigid plates connected to each other by flexible hinges [1]. In this paper, we introduce platinum electrodes running from the substrate to the plates over these bendable hinges. The fabrication yield is as high as (77 +/- 2) % for hinges with a length less than 75 μm. The yield reduces to (18 +/- 2) % when the length increases above 100 μm. Most of the failures in conductivity are due to degradation of the platinum/chromium layer stack during the final plasma cleaning step. The bi-layer hinges survive the capillary folding process, even for extremely small bending radii of 5 μm, nor does the bending have any impact on the conductivity. Stress in the different layers deforms the hinges, which does not affect the conductivity. Once assembled, the conductive hinges can withstand a current density of (1.6 +/- 0.4) $10^6$ A/cm$^2$ . This introduction of conductive electrodes to elastocapillary self-folded silicon-based micro-objects extends the range of their possible applications by allowing an electronic functionality of the folded parts.
description: Currently on a peer review process. 13 pages
Supplementary material to "Improving the teaching of real-world software practices by means of course integration"
Creators: name: Sánchez, Pablo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Work integrated learning (incl. internships)
Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development
Science, technology and engineering curriculum and pedagogy

description: Supplementary material to "Improving the teaching of real-world software practices by means of course integration" submitted to the Special Issue on Software Engineering Education and Training of the IEEE Software
Microstructural analysis of GaN films grown on (1 0 0) MgF$_2$ substrate by 4D nanobeam diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry
Creators: name: Niemeyer, Tobias
name: Meyer, Kevin
name: Flathmann, Christoph
name: Meyer, Tobias
name: Schaadt, Daniel M.
name: Seibt, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of highly efficient and solarblind GaN photocathodes as part of multichannel plate UV detectors for applications in astronomy would strongly benefit from the direct growth of GaN on typical window materials with high transmission down to the deep UV range. GaN growth on MgF$_2$ substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy has recently been demonstrated. Here, we report an extensive scanning transmission electron microscopy study of the thin film microstructure for growth at 525 $^{\circ}$C and 650 $^{\circ}$C on (100) MgF$_2$. These results are systematically supported by X-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps. For both growth temperatures predominant cubic (111), (115) and (110) GaN is found with no preferred nucleation on the substrate and typical grain sizes of 100-200 nm. All observed orientations can be understood as the result of first and second order twins on different $\{111\}$ planes related to the underlying substrate. The higher growth temperature shows a strongly increased twin density along with a higher surface roughness. Furthermore, grains with cubic (110) GaN growth show a reduced density and a reduced size of about 20 nm. Furthermore, in-diffusion of Mg and F into the GaN is observed, which is accompanied by the formation of cavities in the MgF$_2$ directly at the interface.
Universal enhancement of superconductivity in two dimensional semiconductors at low doping by electron-electron interaction
Creators: name: Calandra, Matteo
name: Zoccante, Paolo
name: Mauri, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In two-dimensional multivalley semiconductors, at low doping, even a moderate electron-electron interaction enhances the response to any perturbation inducing a valley polarization. If the valley polarization is due to the electron-phonon coupling, the electron-electron interaction results in an enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature. By performing first principles calculations beyond density functional theory, we prove that this effect accounts for the unconventional doping-dependence of the superconducting transition-temperature (T$_c$) and of the magnetic susceptibility measured in Li$_x$ZrNCl. By finding the conditions for a maximal T$_c$ enhancement, we show how weakly-doped two-dimensional semiconductors provide a route towards high T$_c$ superconductivity.
description: 5 Pages + Supplementary materials, 9 Pictures overall, to appear on Phys. Rev. Lett
Separation for isometric group actions and hyperimaginary independence
Creators: name: Conant, Gabriel
name: Hanson, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalize P. M. Neumann's Lemma to the setting of isometric actions on metric spaces and use it to prove several results in continuous logic related to algebraic independence. In particular, we show that algebraic independence satisfies the full existence axiom (which answers a question of Goldbring) and is implied by dividing independence. We also use the relationship between hyperimaginaries and continuous imaginaries to derive further results that are new even for discrete theories. Specifically, we show that if $\mathbb{M}$ is a monster model of a discrete or continuous theory, then bounded-closure independence in $\mathbb{M}^{\text{heq}}$ satisfies full existence (which answers a question of Adler) and is implied by dividing independence.
description: 11 pages
Current dependence of the 'red' boundary of superconducting single photon detectors in the modified hot spot model
Creators: name: Vodolazov, D. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the relation between the energy of the absorbed photon and the threshold current at which the resistive state appears in the current-carrying superconducting film with the probability about unity. In our calculations we use the modified hot spot model, which assumes different strength of suppression of the superconducting order parameter in the finite area of the film around the place where the photon is absorbed. To find the threshold current we solve the Ginzburg-Landau equation for superconducting order parameter, which automatically includes the current continuity equation and it allows us to consider the back effect of current redistribution near the hot spot on the stability of the superconducting state. We find quantitative agreement with the recent experiments, where we use the single fitting parameter which describes what part of the energy of the photon goes for the local destruction of the superconductivity in the film.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Éditorial
Creators: name: Saliou, Kevin
Publisher: name: Classiques Garnier
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lautréamont
subject: Isidore Ducasse
subject: Maldoror
subject: Éditorial
subject: Actualité
subject: AAPPFID.
subject: Lautréamont
subject: Isidore Ducasse
subject: Maldoror
subject: Editorial
subject: News
subject: AAPPFID.

description: Présentation du contenu de ce numéro et de l’actualité ducassienne.
description: An introduction to the content of this issue and the latest news in the field of Ducasse studies.
Lambda polarization in $^{108}$Ag +$^{108}$Ag and $^{197}$Au +$^{197}$Au collisions around a few GeV
Creators: name: Deng, Xian-Gai
name: Huang, Xu-Guang
name: Ma, Yu-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model, we extract the global spin polarization of $Λ$ hyperon in $^{108}$Ag + $^{108}$Ag and $^{197}$Au + $^{197}$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.42 - 62.4$ GeV. We use two different approaches to calculate the $Λ$ polarization $P_y$: approach I is based on equilibrium assumption so that $P_y$ is determined by thermal vorticity and approach II assumes a proportional relation between $P_y$ and the system's angular momentum in $Λ$'s rest frame. We find that both approaches can describe the experimental data at low energies around a few GeV but only approach I describes well also higher-energy data. This suggests that at higher energies the relativistic effect plays an important role. After taking into such effect properly, the relativity-improved approach II can describe the higher-energy data as well.
description: V3: 6 pages, 5 figures. Published version
Exact fit of simple finite mixture models
Creators: name: Tasche, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 62P30, 62F10

description: How to forecast next year's portfolio-wide credit default rate based on last year's default observations and the current score distribution? A classical approach to this problem consists of fitting a mixture of the conditional score distributions observed last year to the current score distribution. This is a special (simple) case of a finite mixture model where the mixture components are fixed and only the weights of the components are estimated. The optimum weights provide a forecast of next year's portfolio-wide default rate. We point out that the maximum-likelihood (ML) approach to fitting the mixture distribution not only gives an optimum but even an exact fit if we allow the mixture components to vary but keep their density ratio fix. From this observation we can conclude that the standard default rate forecast based on last year's conditional default rates will always be located between last year's portfolio-wide default rate and the ML forecast for next year. As an application example, then cost quantification is discussed. We also discuss how the mixture model based estimation methods can be used to forecast total loss. This involves the reinterpretation of an individual classification problem as a collective quantification problem.
description: 16 pages, 2 tables, some corrections, section on cost quantification inserted
On the significance of power asymmetries in Planck CMB data at all scales
Creators: name: Quartin, Miguel
name: Notari, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform an analysis of the CMB temperature data taken by the Planck satellite investigating if there is any significant deviation from cosmological isotropy. We look for differences in the spectrum between two opposite hemispheres and also for dipolar modulations. We propose a new way to avoid biases due to partial-sky coverage by producing a mask symmetrized in antipodal directions, in addition to the standard smoothing procedure. We also properly take into account both Doppler and aberration effects due to our peculiar velocity and the anisotropy of the noise, since these effects induce a significant hemispherical asymmetry. We are thus able to probe scales all the way to ell = 2000. After such treatment we find no evidence for significant hemispherical anomalies (i.e. deviations are less than 1.5 sigma when summing over all scales). Although among the larger scales there are sometimes higher discrepancies, these are always less than 3 sigma. We also find results on a dipolar modulation of the power spectrum. Along the hemispheres aligned with the most asymmetric direction for 2 <= ell <= 2000 we find a 3.3 sigma discrepancy when comparing to simulations. However, if we do not restrict ourselves to Planck's maximal asymmetry axis, which can only be known a posteriori, and compare Planck data with the modulation of simulations along their respective maximal asymmetry directions, the discrepancy goes down to less than 1 sigma (with, again, almost 3 sigma discrepancies in some low-ell modes). We thus conclude that no significant power asymmetries seem to be present in the full data set. Interestingly, without proper removal of Doppler and aberration effects one would find spurious anomalies at high ell, between 3 sigma and 5 sigma. Even when considering only ell < 600 we find that the boost is non-negligible and alleviates the discrepancy by roughly half-sigma.
description: v2: new section added with improved unbiased analysis and conclusions changed accordingly; v3: minor changes to match published version
Diabetic atherosclerosis in APOE * 4 mice: synergy between lipoprotein metabolism and vascular inflammation
Creators: name: Knudson, Melissa J.
name: Maeda, Nobuyo
name: Johnson, Lance A.
name: Yi, Xianwen
name: Kim, Hyung-Suk
name: Nipp, C. Taylor
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. To examine how diabetes interacts with a mildly compromised lipid metabolism, we introduced the diabetogenic Ins2C96Y/+ (Akita) mutation into mice expressing human apoE4 (E4) combined with either an overexpressing human LDL receptor gene (hLDLR) or the wild-type mouse gene. The hLDLR allele caused 2-fold reductions in plasma HDL-cholesterol, plasma apoA1, and hepatic triglyceride secretion. Diabetes increased plasma total cholesterol 1.3-fold and increased apoB48 secretion 3-fold, while reducing triglyceride secretion 2-fold. Consequently, diabetic E4 mice with hLDLR secrete increased numbers of small, cholesterol-enriched, apoB48-containing VLDL, although they have near normal plasma cholesterol (<120 mg/dl). Small foam cell lesions were present in the aortic roots of all diabetic E4 mice with hLDLR that we analyzed at six months of age. None were present in nondiabetic mice or in diabetic mice without hLDLR. Aortic expression of genes affecting leukocyte recruitment and adhesion was enhanced by diabetes. ApoA1 levels, but not diabetes, were strongly correlated with the ability of plasma to efflux cholesterol from macrophages. We conclude that the diabetes-induced proinflammatory changes in the vasculature and the hLDLR-mediated cholesterol accumulation in macrophages synergistically trigger atherosclerosis in mice with human apoE4, although neither alone is sufficient.
The Initiation and Propagation of Helium Detonations in White Dwarf Envelopes
Creators: name: Shen, Ken J.
name: Moore, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detonations in helium-rich envelopes surrounding white dwarfs have garnered attention as triggers of faint thermonuclear ".Ia" supernovae and double detonation Type Ia supernovae. However, recent studies have found that the minimum size of a hotspot that can lead to a helium detonation is comparable to, or even larger than, the white dwarf's pressure scale height, casting doubt on the successful ignition of helium detonations in these systems. In this paper, we examine the previously neglected effects of C/O pollution and a full nuclear reaction network, and we consider hotspots with spatially constant pressure in addition to constant density hotspots. We find that the inclusion of these effects significantly decreases the minimum hotspot size for helium-rich detonation ignition, making detonations far more plausible during turbulent shell convection or during double white dwarf mergers. The increase in burning rate also decreases the minimum shell mass in which a helium detonation can successfully propagate and alters the composition of the shell's burning products. The ashes of these low mass shells consist primarily of silicon, calcium, and unburned helium and metals and may explain the high-velocity spectral features observed in most Type Ia supernovae.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Minor changes for clarity from version 1
Estimating Gibbs partition function with quantumClifford sampling
Creators: name: Wu, Yusen
name: Wang, Jingbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The partition function is an essential quantity in statistical mechanics, and its accurate computation is a key component of any statistical analysis of quantum system and phenomenon. However, for interacting many-body quantum systems, its calculation generally involves summing over an exponential number of terms and can thus quickly grow to be intractable. Accurately and efficiently estimating the partition function of its corresponding system Hamiltonian then becomes the key in solving quantum many-body problems. In this paper we develop a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to estimate the partition function, utilising a novel Clifford sampling technique. Note that previous works on quantum estimation of partition functions require $\mathcal{O}(1/ε\sqrtΔ)$-depth quantum circuits~\cite{Arunachalam2020Gibbs, Ashley2015Gibbs}, where $Δ$ is the minimum spectral gap of stochastic matrices and $ε$ is the multiplicative error. Our algorithm requires only a shallow $\mathcal{O}(1)$-depth quantum circuit, repeated $\mathcal{O}(1/ε^2)$ times, to provide a comparable $ε$ approximation. Shallow-depth quantum circuits are considered vitally important for currently available NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) devices.
Physically transient photonics: random vs. distributed feedback lasing based on nanoimprinted DNA
Creators: name: Camposeo, Andrea
name: Del Carro, Pompilio
name: Persano, Luana
name: Cyprych, Konrad
name: Szukalski, Adam
name: Sznitko, Lech
name: Mysliwiec, Jaroslaw
name: Pisignano, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The authors report on a room-temperature nanoimprinted, DNA-based distributed feedback (DFB) laser operating at 605 nm. The laser is made of a pure DNA host matrix doped with gain dyes. At high excitation densities, the emission of the untextured dye-doped DNA films is characterized by a broad emission peak with an overall linewidth of 12 nm and superimposed narrow peaks, characteristic of random lasing. Moreover, direct patterning of the DNA films is demonstrated with a resolution down to 100 nm, enabling the realization of both surface-emitting and edge-emitting DFB lasers with a typical linewidth<0.3 nm. The resulting emission is polarized, with a ratio between the TE- and TM-polarized intensities exceeding 30. In addition, the nanopatterned devices dissolve in water within less than two minutes. These results demonstrate the possibility of realizing various physically transient nanophotonics and laser architectures, including random lasing and nanoimprinted devices, based on natural biopolymers.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 31 references
Electrochemistry and Optical Microscopy
Creators: name: Kanoufi, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrochemistry exploits local current heterogeneities at various scales ranging from the micrometer to the nanometer. The last decade has witnessed unprecedented progress in the development of a wide range of electroanalytical techniques allowing to reveal and quantify such heterogeneity through multiscale and multifonctionnal operando probing of electrochemical processes. However most of these advanced electrochemical imaging techniques, employing scanning probes, suffer from either low imaging throughput or limited imaging size. In parallel, optical microscopies, which can image a wide field of view in a single snapshot, have made considerable progress in terms of sensitivity, resolution and implementation of detection modes. Optical microscopies are then mature enough to propose, with basic bench equipment, to probe in a non destructive way a wide range of optical (and therefore structural) properties of a material in situ, in real time: under operating conditions. They offer promising alternative strategies for quantitative high-resolution imaging of electrochemistry. The first sections recall the optical properties of materials and how they can be probed optically. They discuss fluorescence, Raman, surface plasmon resonance, scattering or refractive index. Then the different optical microscopes used to image electrochemical processes are examined along with some strategies to extract quantitative electrochemical information from optical images. Finally the last section reviews some examples of in situ imaging, at micro- to nanometer resolution, and quantification of electrochemical processes ranging from solution diffusion to the conversion of molecular interfaces or solids.
description: 66 pages, 23 figures. To be published in Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry
Amtliche Mitteilungen der Technischen Universität Dortmund Nr. 5/2023
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 080

description: Fakultätsordnung der Fakultät Sozialwissenschaften der Technischen Universität Dortmund vom 23. Februar 2023
description: Veröffentlichungspflicht gemäß § 7 Korruptionsbekämpfungsgesetz des Landes NRW
description: Amtliche Mitteilungen der Technischen Universität Dortmund;2023;5
Impact of $b \to s \ell \ell$ anomalies on rare charm decays in non-universal $Z'$ models
Creators: name: Alok, Ashutosh Kumar
name: Chundawat, Neetu Raj Singh
name: Kumar, Dinesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the impact of $b \to s \ell \ell$, $B_s - \bar{B_s}$ mixing and neutrino trident measurements on observables in decays induced by $c \to u $ transition in the context of a non-universal $Z'$ model which generates $C^{\rm NP}_{9} <0$ and $C^{\rm NP}_9 = - \,C^{\rm NP}_{10} $ new physics scenarios at the tree level. We inspect the effects on $D^0 \to π^0 ν\barν$, $D^+ \to π^+ ν\barν$ and $B_c \to B^+ ν\barν $ decays which are induced by the quark level transition $c \to u ν\barν$. The fact that the branching ratios of these decays are negligible in the standard model (SM) and the long distance effects are relatively smaller in comparison to their charged dileptons counterparts, they are considered to provide genuine null-tests of SM. Therefore the observation of these modes at the level of current as well as planned experimental sensitivities would imply unambiguous signature of new physics. Using the constraints on $Z'$ couplings coming from a combined fit to $b \to s \ell \ell$, $ΔM_s$ and neutrino trident data, we find that any meaningful enhancement over the SM value is ruled out in the considered framework. The same is true for $D - \bar{D}$ mixing observable $ΔM_D$ along with $D^0 \to μ^+ μ^-$ and $D^+ \to π^+ μ^+ μ^-$ decay modes which are induced through $c \to u μ^+ μ^-$ transition.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures; Published version
Genetic association with lipids in Filipinos: waist circumference modifies an APOA5 effect on triglyceride levels
Creators: name: Marvelle, Amanda F.
name: Li, Jin
name: Kuzawa, Christopher W.
name: Feranil, Alan B.
name: Mohlke, Karen L.
name: Adair, Linda S.
name: Croteau-Chonka, Damien C.
name: Wu, Ying
name: Li, Yun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Blood levels of lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs) are highly heritable and are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Approximately 100 lipid-associated loci have been identified in populations of European ancestry. We performed a genome-wide association study of lipid traits in 1,782 Filipino women from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, and tested for evidence of interactions with waist circumference. We conducted additional association and interaction analyses in 1,719 of their young adult offspring. Genome-wide significant associations (P < 5 × 10−8) were detected at APOE for low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol, and at APOA5 for TGs. Suggestive associations (P < 10−6) were detected at GCKR for TGs, and at CETP and TOM1 for high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Our data also supported the existence of allelic heterogeneity at APOA5, CETP, LIPC, and APOE. The secondary signal (Gly185Cys) at APOA5 exhibited a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-by-waist circumference interaction affecting TGs (Pinteraction = 1.6 × 10−4), manifested by stronger SNP effects as waist circumference increased. These findings provide the first evidence that central obesity may accentuate the effect of the TG-increasing allele of the APOA5 signal, emphasizing that CVD risk could be reduced by central obesity control.
title: Optical fibre coupling devices
Creators: name: Kerr, Yann Henry Bernard
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Optics.

description: This thesis deals with optical coupling systems and is divided in two parts. The first one is concerned with directional coupling between two graded index fibres made by a diffusion process. The theory and physics of ion exchange is studied, providing a theoretical description of the refractive index change. A mathematical method of solving the concentration dependent diffusion equation is given. Theoretical index distributions are thus obtained for circular waveguides. To compare theory with experiment, a device directly measuring the index profile of a circular fibre is described. The theory of propagation in round graded index fibres, is reviewed and a simplified coupling coefficient derived in order to determine the coupling efficiency. The coupling arrangement is described and the results discussed. It is shown that efficient tapping of power can be done with the high order modes, and eventually, at a much lower efficiency with the low order ones. The second part describes a theoretical study of optical contradirectional coupling between a single mode sandwich ribbon fibre and a thin film planar waveguide, longitudinal phase matching being achieved by means of a periodic corrugation, which is typically a grating etched into the film. Film-fibre couplers were tested and achieved an estimated efficiency of only due to the poor quality of the gratings. With several improvements in the set-up and specimens, an efficiency of over 60 is quite feasible. The application of the method for linking integrated optical devices is considered as well as a possible demultiplexer. The study presented provides the ground work for future development of integrated optical devices links and an active device.
In-plane conductivity of a layered large-bipolaron liquid
Creators: name: Emin, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distinctive normal-state properties of cuprate superconductors follow from their charge carriers forming a large-bipolaron liquid. The very weak scattering of the slow-moving heavy-massed excitations of the liquid by acoustic phonons yields a scattering rate that is less than the Debye frequency. The moderate liquid mobility, greater than 1 cm2/V-sec at 300 K, results as the weak scattering of the liquid compensates for its large mass. In resolution of a long-standing dilemma, the dc resistivity resulting from scattering by acoustic phonons remains nearly proportional to temperature to well below the Debye temperature. Above the Debye frequency the frequency-dependent conductivity is dominated by excitation and photo-ionization of the self-trapped electronic carriers of the large-bipolarons. Below the Debye frequency the frequency-dependent conductivity is dominated by the Drude-like collective motion of the large-bipolaron liquid. The gap between these two domains sharpens with decreasing temperature as phonon scattering of the liquid diminishes. The high-frequency electronic excitations survive in the superconducting state.