cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: What’s that Noise? Analysing Sentiment-based Variation in Central Bank Communication
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Zahner, Johannes
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: monetary policy
Sentiment index
information content of sentiment indices
central banks, Loughran and McDonald (2011) dictionary
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: To which degree can variation in sentiment-based indicators of central bank communication be attributed to changes in macroeconomic, financial, and monetary variables; idiosyncratic speaker effects; sentiment persistence; and random ‘noise’? Using the Loughran and McDonald (2011) dictionary on a text corpus containing more than 10,000 speeches and press statements, we construct sentiment-based indicators for the ECB and the Fed. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that sentiment is strongly persistent and influenced by speaker-specific effects. With about 80% of the variation in sentiment being due to noise, our findings cast doubt on the reliability of conclusions based on variation in dictionary-based indicators.
Additional file 4 of Genome-wide identification of Brassicaceae B-BOX genes and molecular characterization of their transcriptional responses to various nutrient stresses in allotetraploid rapeseed
Creators: name: Zheng, Li-wei
name: Ma, Sheng-jie
name: Zhou, Ting
name: Yue, Cai-peng
name: Hua, Ying-peng
name: Huang, Jin-yong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Structure analysis of BBX genes. Figure S4–1 Exon–intron structures of BnaBBX genes. Figure S4–2 Exon–intron structures of BoBBX genes. Figure S4–3 Exon–intron structures of BrBBX genes. Figure S4–4 Exon–intron structures of CrBBX genes. Figure S4–5 Exon–intron structures of CsBBX genes. Figure S4–6 Exon–intron structures of BnBBX genes. Figure S4–7 Exon–intron structures of BjBBX genes. Figure S4–8 Exon–intron structures of BcBBX genes.
Automatic detection, characterization, and classification of local Ca2+ release events in cardiomyocytes
Creators: name: Dotti, Prisca
name: Márquez Neila, Pablo
name: Fernando-Tenorio, Miguel
name: Wullschleger, Marcel
name: Meyer zu Westram, Till
name: Sznitman, Raphael
name: Egger, Marcel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Poster: Automatic detection, characterization, and classification of local Ca2+ release events in cardiomyocytes
Some Comments on Three Suggested Postulates for Quantum Theory
Creators: name: Salgado, D.
name: Sanchez-Gomez, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three basic postulates for Quantum Theory are proposed, namely the Probability, Maximum-Speed and Hilbert-Space postulates. Subsequently we show how these postulates give rise to well-known and widely used quantum results, as the probability rule and the linearity of quantum evolution. A discussion of the postulates in the light of Bell's theorem is included which points towards yet unsolved conceptual problems in the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics.
description: LaTeX2e, 13 pages, 1 eps figure
title: Islam and Entrepreneurship: The role of Islamic Banking
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Farzanegan, Mohammad Reza
name: Badreldin, Ahmed M.
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Entrepreneurship
Economics
Wirtschaft
Islamic Finance
Islamic Banking
Financial development
Shariah
New Business Formation
Islam

description: Studies on the relationship between religion and Entrepreneurship suggest that Islam discourages entrepreneurship. This is sometimes used to explain the excessively high unemployment figures for Muslim majority countries. However, we argue that studies that support this claim have missed a critical moderating factor, namely the presence of Shariah-compliant financing through Islamic banks. Using a multivariate regression analysis of 69 countries, our research shows empirically that the negative effect of Islam on entrepreneurship only applies in the absence of Shariah-compliant access to finance. This negative effect disappears in the presence of Islamic banks, thus disproving the generalized claim that Islam discourages entrepreneurship and showing that Muslim majority countries with high unemployment would do well to encourage the establishment of Shariah-complaint modes of financing to allow inclusion of religious entrepreneurs who would otherwise be excluded from the economy.
A Chandra Search for X-Ray Jets in Redshift 6 Quasars
Creators: name: Schwartz, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have searched for X-ray jets in the recent Chandra observations of three Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars at redshift z ~ 6. All 3 quasars were detected in X-rays in these relatively short observations. SDSS 1030+0524 is not consistent with a point source, and may be a gravitationally lensed system. We find a possible jet-like feature 23" from the quasar SDSS 1306+0356. We can explain the emission by inverse Compton scattering off the Cosmic Microwave Background, assuming that the intrinsic properties of the system are similar to other X-ray jets at z<1. Deeper observations to confirm the interpretation as a jet will be practical.
description: Revised probabilities of X-ray detections, established 1030+0524 as extended and suggested gravitational lensing. Version accepted by ApJ Letters
Apollonian Packing in Polydisperse Emulsions
Creators: name: Kwok, Sylvie
name: Botet, Robert
name: Sharpnack, Lewis
name: Cabane, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered the existence of polydisperse High Internal-Phase-Ratio Emulsions (HIPE) in which the internal-phase droplets, present at 95% volume fraction, remain spherical and organize themselves in the available space according to Apollonian packing rules. These polydisperse HIPE are formed during emulsification of surfactant-poor compositions of oil-surfactant-water two-phase systems. Their droplet size-distributions evolve spontaneously towards power laws with the Apollonian exponent. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering performed on aged HIPEs demonstrated that the droplet packing structure coincided with that of a numerically simulated Random Apollonian Packing. We argue that these peculiar, space-filling assemblies are a result of coalescence and fragmentation processes obeying simple geometrical rules of conserving total volume and minimizing surface area.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Constraining the Redshift z=6 Quasar Luminosity Function Using Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Comerford, Julia M.
name: Haiman, Zoltan
name: Schaye, Joop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent discoveries by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) of four bright redshift z=6 quasars could constrain the mechanism by which the supermassive black holes powering these sources are assembled. Here we compute the probability that the fluxes of the quasars are strongly amplified by gravitational lensing, and therefore the likelihood that the black hole masses are overestimated when they are inferred assuming Eddington luminosities. The poorly-constrained shape of the intrinsic quasar luminosity function (LF) at redshift z=6 results in a large range of possible lensing probabilities. If the LF is either steep, or extends to faint magnitudes, the probability for amplification by a factor of ten ore more (and with only one image detectable by SDSS) can reach essentially 100 percent. We show that future observations, in particular, either of the current four quasars at the high angular resolution provided by the Hubble Space Telescope, or of an increased sample of about twenty redshift six quasars at the current angular resolution, should either discover several gravitational lenses, or else provide interesting new constraints on the shape of the z=6 quasar LF.
description: Submitted to ApJ, 7 figures included
Additional file 6 of Tumor-derived exosomal KPNA2 activates fibroblasts and interacts with KIFC1 to promote bladder cancer progression, a process inhibited by miR-26b-5p
Creators: name: Yin, Cong
name: Liufu, Cen
name: Ye, Shuai
name: Zhu, Tao
name: Jiang, Jiahao
name: Wang, Mingxia
name: Zhou, Liqun
name: Yao, Lin
name: Wang, Yan
name: Shi, Bentao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6.
Two-dimensional Materials: Growth, Characterization, and Simulation
Creators: name: Li, Jun
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, there has been a great interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials from both the academic community and the semiconductor industry. In this work, we study various 2D materials and 2D heterostructures, aimed towards large-area device fabrication. Through detailed experimental work and extensive first-principle calculations, we determined the lowest energy structure for the interface of graphene formation on the C-face of SiC. The lowest energy structure contains > 1 monolayer of Si at the interface, forming an adatom-on-adlayer structure. Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) was employed to study properties of 2D heterostructures such as graphene–WSe2 and graphene–MoS2. Work function differences from the layers were extracted and band alignments were obtained, from which the nature of the contact at the interface was revealed. The electrical contact was found to be dependent on the constituent 2D layers of the heterostructures, as well as on the doping of the 2D layers. Finally, we consider simulation of devices made with 2D materials. We focus on interlayer tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) using 2D materials as the drain and source electrodes. By employing the first-principles density-functional-theory (DFT) wavefunctions, in the Bardeen tunneling formalism, we develop a “DFT-Bardeen” method that permits the computation of current-voltage characteristics in interlayer TFETs with reliable values for the magnitude of the currents. This method allows incorporation of differing materials into the source and drain electrodes, i.e. with different crystal structure, lattice constants, and/or band structure. Large variations in tunneling current were found, depending on the 2D materials being used. It is shown that the DFT-Bardeen method takes into account effects that are beyond simple lateral-momentum conservation, including the detailed symmetry and form of the wavefunctions. Predicted values for the tunneling current, including the subthreshold swing and the ON current, are compared with benchmark values for low-power digital applications.
Structure Prediction of Molecular Crystals from First Principles with the GAtor Genetic Algorithm Package
Creators: name: Farren Curtis
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular crystals are a versatile class of materials with applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to organic electronics. Because molecular crystals are bound by
weak dispersion interactions they often crystallize in more than one solid form, a phenomenon known as polymorphism. Understanding polymorphism has become an increasingly important issue because di fferent crystal forms may display vastly different physical properties, which aff ects their functionality for a given application. Crystal structure prediction (CSP), or the prediction of a molecule's putative crystal structures solely from its chemical composition, is a coveted computational tool as it
can predict previously unobserved polymorphs and serve as complementary tool for experimental investigations. CSP is di fficult in part because one needs to sample a large con figuration space for even the simplest molecules. Furthermore, the di fferences between polymorphs can be even lower than 1 kJ/mol, making reliable CSP an extremely challenging task. In this thesis, I develop and apply a fi rst principles genetic algorithm (GA) for CSP called GAtor, which nds the most stable crystal structures for small (semi-)rigid molecules solely from their chemical composition. State-of-the-art dispersion-inclusive density functional theory (DFT) is applied for the final ranking of putative crystal structures. A preliminary version of GAtor was used to participate in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre's sixth blind test of organic CSP methods. The relative stabilities and electronic properties of potential polymorphs of tricyano-1,4-dithiino[c]-isothiazole generated therein are investigated in an additional study. The methodology of the production version of GAtor, and
its corresponding initial pool generation package Genarris, are presented and applied to a chemically diverse set of four past blind test targets: 3,4-cyclobutylfuran, 5-cyano-3-hydroxythiophene, 1,3-dibromo-2-chloro-5-uorobenzene, and tricyano-1,4- dithiino[c]-isothiazole. GAtor successfully predicts the experimental crystal structure(s) for all four targets, as well as other important low-energy structures. Notably, the lowest energy putative crystal structure for 5-cyano-3-hydroxythiophene has not been reported in any previous investigations of this molecule. This may motivate
additional computational and experimental studies of this molecule.
title: Optimal Monetary Policy Under Heterogeneous Beliefs
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Finck, David
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Heterogeneous Expectations
Policy Implementation
Uncertainty
Robust Monetary Policy

description: We use a New Keynesian model that features rational and non-rational households. Assuming that both the fraction of rational households and the expectations formation process are uncertain from the perspective of the central bank, we derive robust optimal discretionary monetary policy in a simple min-max framework where the central bank plays a zero-sum game versus a fictitious, malevolent evil agent. We show that the central bank is able to improve welfare if it accounts for uncertainty while the model is being distorted. Even if the central bank accounts for the worst possible outcomes while the model is being undistorted, the central bank can still reduce the welfare loss by implementing a more aggressive targeting rule that favorably affects the inflation-output stabilization trade-off.
An exploration of how models of teacher development and reflectivity interact: a multiple case study of secondary PGCE biology and chemistry beginning-teachers
Creators: name: Haidi, Hamizah
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: teacher education
teacher development
teacher learning
science teacher education
reflectivity
teacher reflectivity
reflective practice
secondary teacher education

description: This study explores two existing models of teacher development and learning: the teacher learning continuum of Wilson and Demetriou (2007) and the characteristics of reflective teachers of Korthagen and Wubbels (2010). I began this study through being intrigued at the different routes by which teachers could qualify in England, and the varied backgrounds of such beginning-teachers. In this multiple case study, six biology and chemistry PGCE beginning-teachers from the same cohort were selected. Data were collected through interviews, documentary analysis, and classroom observations. Data analyses were carried out via deductive coding (using coding schemes developed by Wilson and Demetriou (2007) and Korthagen and Wubbels (2010)). I investigated how the characteristics of reflective teachers (attributes of reflective teachers and correlates of reflectivity) exhibited by beginning-teachers coincided with their position on the learning continuum of Wilson and Demetriou (2007) during the different phases of the PGCE. The findings revealed that the two models can be interrelated, through the prior exhibition of antecedent correlates of reflectivity. The study is important in the current English climate of teacher recruitment and retention, as it has implications for helping teacher education providers in selecting beginning-teachers, the design of teacher education programmes, and more generally for teacher recruitment and retention.
Stabilization Policies
Creators: name: Wood, A. W.
name: Wood, A. W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Agriculture is one of the least stable Canadian industries with respect to product prices, the volume of production of many products, and the net incomes received by farmers. Each of these aspects of instability has negative impacts on the income and financial security of farmers as well as on the rest of the economy. Price instability irritates many consumers. Variation in volume of output affects employment levels and unit costs in those industries handling agricultural products. Variation in farm income has similar effects on farm supply firms and consumer goods and service industries in predominantly agricultural regions.
Magneto-optics of Gd and Tb in the soft x-ray resonance regions
Creators: name: Prieto, J. E.
name: Heigl, F.
name: Krupin, O.
name: Kaindl, G.
name: Starke, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present x-ray absorption spectra around the 3d-4f and 4d-4f excitation thresholds of in-plane magnetized Gd and Tb films measured by total electron yield using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation. By matching the experimental spectra to tabulated absorption data far below and above the thresholds, the imaginary parts of the complex refractive index are determined quantitatively. The associated real parts for circularly polarized light propagating nearly parallel or antiparallel to the magnetization direction are obtained through the Kramers-Kronig relations. The derived magnetooptical parameters are used to calculate soft x-ray reflectivity spectra of a magnetized Gd film at the 3d-4f threshold, which are found to compare well with our experimental spectra.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Revised version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B; new Figs. 1 and 6 plus minor changes
Genetic dissection of EGFRvIII brain and spinal mouse gliomas through whole-exome sequencing and in vivo piggyBac mutagenesis forward genetic screening
Creators: name: Noorani, Imran
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Gliomas
genetic drivers
functional genomics
cancer mouse models

description: Glioma is the commonest intrinsic brain tumor, and its high-grade form has a devastating prognosis. These tumors also arise in the spinal cord, carrying significant morbidity in children; however the genetics of these spinal gliomas is poorly understood. EGFRvIII is a common driver mutation in brain gliomas; it is unclear when this is acquired during glioma evolution and what its cooperative genetic drivers are. Here, we show that EGFRvIII initiates gliomagenesis in vivo; EGFRvIII leads to glioma precursors in the subventricular zone and brain surface, and later glioma formation in the brain and spinal cord. The long latency for tumor formation implies the need for additional mutations to drive gliomagenesis. In these tumors, we detected further genetic alterations including amplification of EGFRvIII, mutations of Trp53 and Tead2, and Cdkn2a deletion, through whole-exome sequencing. To shed further light on EGFR-cooperative genes for glioma progression, we conducted a genome-wide piggyBac transposon mutagenesis screen in vivo, which identified known glioma drivers (including Cdkn2a, Pten and Nf1) and novel putative partners, including genes that regulate neuronal differentiation such as Sox6 and Tcf12, and a novel regulator of the Ras pathway Spred1. RNA-sequencing confirmed the presence of fusion transcripts (transposon mediated effects) for these genes. We demonstrate the clinical relevance of these cooperative genes through comparison with large human glioma databases, demonstrating recurrent genetic alterations of these genes are in patient tumors implicating them as putative drivers, and we highlight that expression levels of Sox6 and Tcf12 correlate with patient prognosis. We show that there are shared and distinct mutated genes in brain and spinal gliomas. Although Pten is a well-known tumor suppressor for brain gliomas, it was not previously known whether Pten drives spinal gliomagenesis. Given recurrent transposon insertions in Pten were found in both brain and spinal gliomas, we generated conditional mice with EGFRvIII and Pten loss, demonstrating Pten accelerates spinal glioma formation. Our work elucidates the genetic evolutionary processes behind EGFRvIII-driven gliomas, provides a detailed genomic comparison between brain and spinal gliomas, and provides functional genomic datasets to help decipher complex human glioma genomes.
description: Wellcome Trust
title: Housing Market Convergence: Evidence from Germany
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Unal, Umut
name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Erol, Isil
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: housing prices
Germany
convergence clubs
district-level data
Convergence
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: This paper analyses the convergence pattern of German housing prices and rents, employing a new dataset covering the country’s administrative districts. In addition to conventional tests for ?-convergence and ?-convergence, we apply Phillips and Sul’s (2007) approach to allow for the various heterogeneity and transitional dynamics across districts. Our results reveal no evidence of convergence across Germany or within states; instead, we discover widespread evidence of divergence and inter-state convergence, as well as support for the existence of convergence clubs. At the federal level, we identify club numbers ranging from 11 (for existing flat prices) to five (for new flat rents). At the state level, the estimated number of clubs is generally lower, ranging from zero to six.
The Role of Executive Function, Metacognition, and Support Type in Children's Ability to Solve Physics Tasks
Creators: name: Gray, Elaine
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Executive function
Metacognition
Support
Guided play
Direct instruction
Preschoolers
Children

description: Some research has suggested that guided play (GP) is a better support type for children to learn, but other research has suggested direct instruction (DI) is better for teaching children physics. These research fields formed the basis of this study, in addition to also considering the role of executive function (EF) and metacognition (Mc) due to their potential links to physics task performance. This research was carried out with 38 3- and 4-year-olds over three time points (TP), six weeks apart. Children completed the same EF, Mc, and physics task at each time point, as well as a transfer ramps physics task at TP3. Children were split into one of two support type two groups to carry out the balance beam tasks: GP or DI. No significant links between EF and Mc were detected, and no role of EF or Mc in physics task performance was seen. A small association between Mc rate and strategies used was seen at one TP only. A significant difference in Mc behaviours displayed by each group during the balance beam task was found at each TP, due to GP scoring significantly higher than DI, but no significant difference in Mc interview scores was found. No significant link between GP’s higher Mc rate scores and other measures was detected. There was a significant difference in balance beam performance between the groups at TP3, due to DI scoring significantly higher than GP. The results from the balance beam task did not significantly correlate with the transfer ramps task, suggesting support type did not have a strong transferable effect to another physics task. It was found that vocabulary was associated with EF and Mc interview scores, suggesting language was an important individual factor. The study has highlighted that young children’s learning of balance beam concepts is complex, with individuals showing a variety of strategies to solve different balance beam problems. It provides support that DI could be a better support type for teaching children balance beam concepts. The data are discussed with reference to different theories and to the issues surrounding the small sample size and low statistical power, which are potentially impacting the conclusions that can be drawn.
description: The LEGO Foundation and the Faculty of Education provided funding for this work.
title: Preaching to the agnostic: Inflation reporting can increase trust in the central bank but only among people with weak priors
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Méon, Pierre-Guillaume
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Central bank trust
European Central Bank
Monetary policy
Economics
Wirtschaft
Germany
Central bank communication
Household survey
RCT.

description: Using a randomized controlled trial, we study whether showing German respondents a graph plotting the European Central Bank’s inflation target alongside inflation in the euro area from 1999 to 2017 affects respondents’ trust in the ECB. The treatment has, on average, no significant effect on the level of trust in the ECB respondents report, but trust increases among respondents who report no preference for any political party. Within this group, the information about the actual development of the inflation rate, and not information about the inflation target itself, appears to be the main driving force.
Combining Deep Learning and Verification for Precise Object Instance Detection
Creators: name: Ancha, Siddharth
name: Nan, Junyu
name: Held, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep learning object detectors often return false positives with very high confidence. Although they optimize generic detection performance, such as mean average precision (mAP), they are not designed for reliability. For a reliable detection system, if a high confidence detection is made, we would want high certainty that the object has indeed been detected. To achieve this, we have developed a set of verification tests which a proposed detection must pass to be accepted. We develop a theoretical framework which proves that, under certain assumptions, our verification tests will not accept any false positives. Based on an approximation to this framework, we present a practical detection system that can verify, with high precision, whether each detection of a machine-learning based object detector is correct. We show that these tests can improve the overall accuracy of a base detector and that accepted examples are highly likely to be correct. This allows the detector to operate in a high precision regime and can thus be used for robotic perception systems as a reliable instance detection method. Code is available at https://github.com/siddancha/FlowVerify.
description: 9 pages main paper, 2 pages references, 10 pages supplementary material
Impact of Per Capita Income Growth on Population Growth: A Cross Sectional Analysis
Creators: name: Futa, Mudiumbula
name: Tweeten, Luther
name: Futa, Mudiumbula
name: Tweeten, Luther
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Public Economics

description: A number of writers contend that rising per capita incomes will reduce birth rates and solve problems of high population growth in developing countries (see, for example, Clark and Simon). This contention is attractive because family planning programmes that may conflict with some religious and ethical values need not be implemented. But the contention is dangerous if it is wrong. Even if developing countries temporarily achieve per capita income gains, failure of such gains to retard population growth can eventually offset advances in total income and relegate developing countries to low per capita incomes and undernutrition for years to come. The purpose of this paper is to test empirically the null hypothesis that the population growth rate is not influenced by the per capita income growth rate. This hypothesis has been addressed in the past on both deductive and empirical grounds. Microeconomic theoretical analysis suggests that higher family income results in higher fertility rates (Becker). Some empirical evidence supports this conclusion (Adelman). However, other empirical studies report negative income elasticities of fertility (Ben-Porath, for example).
Finding Shortest Path on a Terrain Surface by Using Finite Element Method
Creators: name: Altintas, Gokhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The solution of the shortest path problem on a surface is not only a theoretical problem to be solved in the field of mathematics, but also problems that need to be solved in very different fields such as medicine, defense and construction technologies. When it comes to the land specific, solution algorithms for these problems are also of great importance in terms of determination of the shortest path in an open area where the road will pass in the field of civil engineering, or route determination of manned or unmanned vehicles for various logistic needs, especially in raw terrains. In addition, path finding problems in the raw terrains are also important for manned and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) used in the defense industry. Within the scope of this study, a method that can be used for instant route determinations within sight range or for route determinations covering wider areas is proposed. Although the examples presented within the scope of the study are land-based, the method can be applied to almost all problem types of similar nature. The approach used in the study can be briefly described as the mechanical analysis of a surface transformed into a structural load bearing system based on mechanical analogies. In this approach, the determination of the shortest path connecting two points can be realized by following the stress-strain values that will occur by moving the points away from each other or by following a linear line that will be formed between two points during the mechanical analysis. If the proposed approach is to be carried out with multiple rigid body dynamics approaches instead of flexible bodies mechanics, it can be carried out easily and very quickly by determining the shortest path between two points or by tracking the forces. However, the proposed approach in this study is presented by simulating examples of flexible bodies using FEM.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures
Search for Supernova Relic Neutrinos at Super-Kamiokande
Creators: name: Kamiokande Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the relic neutrinos from all past core-collapse supernovae was conducted using 1496 days of data from the Super-Kamiokande detector. This analysis looked for electron-type anti-neutrinos that had produced a positron with an energy greater than 18 MeV. In the absence of a signal, 90% C.L. upper limits on the total flux were set for several theoretical models; these limits ranged from 20 to 130 nu_e bar cm^-2 s^-1. Additionally, an upper bound of 1.2 nu_e bar cm^-2 s^-1 was set for the supernova relic neutrino flux in the energy region E_nu > 19.3 MeV.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letters. New version includes corrections to Figure 1. Also, text has been shortened to conform with the space limitations of PRL
The CAP and the Unequal Public Support to European Agriculture
Creators: name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
International Development

description: In order to measure the effect of public support on production, aggregate measures are constructed as effective rates of protection, including all government interventions that affect supply. These measures are constructed considering effective protection rates as a superlative index number, which requires an econometric estimation of the price aggregator functions. This makes it possible to measure the effect of public intervention of IO European countries, between 1973 and 1989. The unequal public support between EC countries is due to output price differences under the CAP regime. It is also caused by a very unbalanced protection and support across commodities.
title: The Choice of GARCH Models to Forecast Value-at-Risk for Currencies (Euro Exchange Rates), Crypto Assets (Bitcoin and Ethereum), Gold, Silver and Crude Oil: Automated Processes, Statistical Distribution Models and the Specification of the Mean Equation
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Gohs, Andreas Marcus
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Default Correlation
Software R
Multivariate GARCH, Mean Excess Loss
Skew Student T
Conditional volatility
Markov Switching MS-GARCH

description: Regular or automated processes require reliable software applications that provide accurate volatility and Value-at-Risk forecasts. The univariate and multivariate GARCH models proposed in the literature are reviewed and the suitability of selected R functions for automated forecasting systems is discussed. With the Markov-switching GARCH function constructed for modelling regime changes, parameter estimates are reliably obtained in studies with moving time windows. In contrast, in the case of structural breaks or outliers, the algorithm of the ordinary GARCH function often does not return valid parameter estimates and fails. VaR prognoses are produced for extreme quantiles (up to 99.9%) and three alternative distribution assumptions (Skew Student-T, Student-T and Gaussian). Accurate one-day-ahead VaR predictions up to the 99% quantile are generally obtained for the time series when Skew Student-T distributed innovations are assumed. The VaR exceedance rates and their percentage deviations from the target alpha as well as the mean and median excess loss are reported. The accompanying mean equation is often omitted when fitting GARCH models to heteroskedastic time series. The impact of this on the accuracy of VaR forecasts is investigated. Coefficients of the ordinary (Pearson) and the default correlation are calculated for moving time windows. Since the calculated default correlation depends on the VaR forecasts, analyses are performed for different quantiles, the ordinary and the MS-GARCH function and specifications of mean equations.
Radiation via Tunneling in the Charged BTZ Black Hole
Creators: name: Medved, A. J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is often convenient to view Hawking (black hole) radiation as a process of quantum tunneling. Within this framework, Kraus and Wilczek (KW) have initiated an analytical treatment of black hole emission. Notably, their methodology incorporates the effects of a dynamical black hole geometry. In the current paper, the KW formalism is applied to the case of a charged BTZ black hole. In the context of this interesting model, we are able to demonstrate a non-thermal spectrum, with the usual Hawking result being reproduced at zeroth order in frequency. Considerable attention is then given to the examination of near-extremal thermodynamics.
description: 16 pages, Latex; references added and clarity added to some equations and some discussion
Kamakidae Myers & Lowry 2003
Creators: name: Myers, Alan A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Kamakidae

description: Kamakidae Myers & Lowry, 2003   Remarks. The family Kamakidae includes genera with fused urosomites (Kamaka) as well as genera with free urosomites (Gammaropsella). The diagnosis in Myers & Lowry (2002) is in error and should be corrected in this respect.
description: Published as part of Myers, Alan A., 2009, Kamakidae *, pp. 487-493 in Zootaxa 2260 (1) on page 487, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.28, http://zenodo.org/record/10093499
On the Formation of Globular Cluster Systems in a Hierarchical Universe
Creators: name: Beasley, M. A.
name: Baugh, C. M.
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Sharples, R. M.
name: Frenk, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the formation of globular cluster (GC) systems in the fiducial semi-analytic galaxy formation model of Cole et al. We assume that GCs are formed at high-redshift (z > 5) in proto-galactic fragments, and during the subsequent gas-rich merging of these fragments. We find that the mean ages of the metal-rich GCs are dependent upon host galaxy luminosity and halo circular velocity, whereas the mean ages of the metal-poor GCs are not. We find that gaseous merging of the proto-galactic fragments leads to a significant age-spread amongst the metal-rich GCs, which increases for lower-luminosity galaxies. We find the total GC populations scale with host galaxy luminosity as L^1.25, due to the systematic increase in the mass-to-light ratios (with mass) of the galaxy haloes in the model. A comparison between the luminosity growth of the model ellipticals and their GC formation indicates that mergers do not significantly effect S_N at z < 2. We conclude that gaseous merging, the bulk of which occurs at 1 < z < 4 in the Lambda-CDM model, leads to the formation of the metal-rich peak of the GC systems of elliptical galaxies. We suggest that the formation and subsequent truncation of the metal-poor GCs is closely related to the star formation rate in the proto-galactic fragments, which may have been significantly higher at early times (abridged).
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, 1 table, LaTeX (mn_plus_bib.sty), accepted for publication in MNRAS
From learning to earning: the transition from manufacturing catch-up to competitiveness at the global business frontier, as pursued in China's energy equipment sector
Creators: name: Studwell, Joe Richard Frank
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: China
manufacturing
industrial policy
catch-up
electricity-generating equipment
thermal electricity-generating equipment
wind turbines
photovoltaics
solar power
transitions
convergence
technological learning

description: Most studies of industrial policy in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China have been concerned with the state’s role in framing industrial policy, and have taken a cross-sectional approach, limited in time. This thesis explores industrial policy longitudinally, as a dynamic, evolving relationship between the state and firms, one in which the positive contribution of the state tends to diminish as capabilities in the wider economy increase. It does so through an examination of the development of firms in China’s electricity-generating equipment industry since 1978, based on more than 70 case study interviews. Three sub-sectors – thermal power equipment, wind turbines, and photovoltaics – are examined in order to track state industrial policy development and the evolution of firm-level capabilities and strategies over four decades. A multi-disciplinary theoretical foundation is constructed from development economics studies and economic and strategic management theory. The findings point to inevitable tension between the early-stage, centralising support for technological learning by a strong developmental state and the more fluid, dynamic and disruptive capabilities that define successful firms’ strategies once basic manufacturing skills are acquired. While the developmental state’s strengths are reflected in the steady, conservative nurturing of manufacturing capabilities, successful firm strategy increasingly requires dynamic capabilities reflected in systems integration, and strategic risk taking in the choice of activities in the business chain and technology sourcing, in turn favouring private ownership. The thesis findings recommend policies that explicitly recognise the need for transitions from state-led development to decentralised, entrepreneurial and market-led growth. It is concluded that strategic management research could contribute significantly to our understanding of economic development if researchers focused attention on political economy transitions in developmental-state-led economies.
description: ESRC funded
COREQ Checklist "Is optometry ready for myopia control? Education and other barriers to the treatment of myopia."
Creators: name: McCrann, Saoirse
name: Flitcroft, Ian
name: Loughman, James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111399 Ophthalmology and Optometry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Helvetica} Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ): 32-item checklist for journal manuscript "Is optometry ready for myopia control? Education and other barriers to the
treatment of myopia." This study aims to elucidate the knowledge and attitudes of optometrists toward myopia control, and thereby identify perceived barriers to the implementation of myopia control.
Automobile Theft Detection by Clustering Owner Driver Data
Creators: name: Kang, Yong Goo
name: Park, Kyung Ho
name: Kim, Huy Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As automobiles become intelligent, automobile theft methods are evolving intelligently. Therefore automobile theft detection has become a major research challenge. Data-mining, biometrics, and additional authentication methods have been proposed to address automobile theft, in previous studies. Among these methods, data-mining can be used to analyze driving characteristics and identify a driver comprehensively. However, it requires a labeled driving dataset to achieve high accuracy. It is impractical to use the actual automobile theft detection system because real theft driving data cannot be collected in advance. Hence, we propose a method to detect an automobile theft attempt using only owner driving data. We cluster the key features of the owner driving data using the k-means algorithm. After reconstructing the driving data into one of these clusters, theft is detected using an error from the original driving data. To validate the proposed models, we tested our actual driving data and obtained 99% accuracy from the best model. This result demonstrates that our proposed method can detect vehicle theft by using only the car owner's driving data.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, In Proceedings of the 17th escar Europe 2019
Grain Quality and Crop Breeding when Farmers Consumer their Grain: Evidence from Malawi
Creators: name: Smale, Melinda
name: Heisey, Paul W.
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Heisey, Paul W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
International Development

description: When farmers consume much of their grain output, end-use quality, in addition to standard production characteristics, affects farmers' seed choice and the economic returns to investment in crop breeding. Evidence from Malawi suggests that despite a lengthy research lag, emphasizing grain quality in recent years will amplify returns to research. Yet the story of that research breakthrough also suggests that when market signals are weak, physical and the social scientists who seek to play an informative role must be especially cautious in their assessment of research priorities.
Trochocyathus rawsonii Pourtales 1874
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Caryophylliidae
Trochocyathus
Trochocyathus rawsonii

description: Trochocyathus rawsonii Pourtalès, 1874
Figs. 2J–K
 Trochocyathus rawsonii Pourtalès, 1874: 35, pl. 6, figs. 7–10.— Cairns, 1979: 77–79, pl. 13, figs. 5–7, pl. 14, figs. 1–6, Map 17 (description and synonymy).— Cairns et al., 1991: 47 (listed).— Cairns et al., 1994: 4 (listed).— Cairns, 2000: 78–79.—Lattig, 2000: 119–120, fig. 63.— Lattig & Reyes, 2001: 28–29, fig. 5.— Kitahara, 2007: 502–503, fig. 3B.— Santodomingo et al., 2007: 287 (listed).
 Remarks: Colombian specimens are smaller than those recorded from other Caribbean localities. The largest Colombian specimen is 11.8 x 11 mm in CD, 5.4 mm in height, and 2.3 mm in PD. S4 are still incomplete and the septal plan is not well defined. Discrete columella, composed of few thin bent ribbons, loosely fused to their bases. Nevertheless, Colombian specimens are quite similar to T. rawsonii, according to the description by Cairns (1979; 2000). They present a twisted corallum base with attachment scar, and epithecal bands near the calicular edge, above which costae are well defined. The specimens USNM 46086 (Trinidad y Tobago), USNM 46088 (Martinique) and USNM 61802 (Venezuela) were used to confirm the identity of the Colombian material. Although within the genus Trochocyathus some subgenera have been established, i.e. Trochocyathus (Aplocyathus) d'Orbigny, 1849, and Trochocyathus (Platycyathus) Fromentel, 1863, the species included in this revision have not been assigned to any subgenus so far (see Cairns 1979; 2000; Fautin 2008; Alroy 2009).
 Distribution: Tropical western Atlantic, from 32ºN to 0º, including Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas and Brazil, between 55 and 700 m depth. Also found in the Indian Ocean (Cairns 1979; 2000). In Colombia, this species was collected from La Guajira Peninsula (Cabo de La Vela) to off San Bernardo Islands, between 70 m and 308 m depth.
 Material: INV CNI378, 1 specimen, E18; INV CNI681, 1 specimen, E153; INV CNI682, 1 specimen, E102; INV CNI2394, 1 specimen, D34; INV CNI2685, 5 specimens, D20; INV CNI2852, 4 specimens, D18; INV CNI2908, 3 specimens, C3.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371