cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sidestream Tobacco Smoke on Parkin Mice
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Parkinson disease is a brain disorder. It occurs when certain brain cells, that produce chemicals to allow movement and coordination, die or become impaired. When approximately 80% of the cells are damaged, the symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) appear. 60,000 new cases are diagnosed each year, joining the 1.5 million Americans who currently have Parkinson disease. Recently, scientific evidence has found that PD patients are less prone to developing cancer and especially smoking related cancers.

 Secondhand smoke can cause damage to DNA, or cause oxidative stress in cells, resulting in many diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Secondhand smoke, a known carcinogen that humans are exposed to is difficult to reproduce in a laboratory setting, so often side stream tobacco smoke (SSTS) is used, which makes up about 85% of secondhand smoke.

 To facilitate the response of animals to SSTS exposure, I am proposing to use mice which have a mutated gene. The same mutated gene that causes PD in humans. To study the effects of SSTS on mice, I will look at the frequency of DNA deletions that occur on a specific piece of DNA. The deletion of DNA is an indication of genetic instability and can cause genetic mutations or even damage the DNA. Damaged or altered DNA is often the first step in how cancer starts. Since being able to see where DNA may have been deleted in a sequence of DNA is difficult, I will be using mice in which the occurrence of a DNA can be visually quantified. The assay can be used to score the frequency of DNA deletions in a specific sequence of DNA.

 A valuable analysis to assess a cause and effect relationship is to use increasing amounts of a chemical, drug or toxin to induce an increasing effect, which is called a dose-response curve. In this research project, I am proposing to find a dose-response relationship between SSTS concentration and the frequency of deletions. Because I will also be using mice which mimic PD, the results of this study will also give insight into mechanisms of cancer predisposition. For example, if the mutant PD mice show a decrease in DNA deletions compared to normal mice, it can be said that humans in the general population with this mutation, may also be less susceptible to cancer.

 Results from this study will also tell us if the anti-oxidant system is damaged by the mutation and also by SSTS. Finally, if the mice used in this study show a dose-response association to SSTS, they may be useful as models for further cancer studies and therapies.
Atlantoscia petronioi Campos-Filho, Contreira and Lopes-Leitzke 2012
Creators: name: Aguiar, Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso José Otávio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Isopoda
Philosciidae
Atlantoscia
Atlantoscia petronioi

description: 35. Atlantoscia petronioi Campos-Filho, Contreira and Lopes-Leitzke, 2012
Atlantoscia petronioi Campos-Filho, Contreira and Lopes-Leitzke, 2012: 138, figs. 1–5. – Campos-Filho et al., 2013b: 466, fig.12b. – Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 3, fig. 2, Tabs. 1, 2. – Zimmermann et al., 2015b: 704, figs. 5, 6, Tabs. 1–3. – Zimmermann et al., 2018a: 475, Tabs. 1, 2, figs. 5, 6. – Zimmernamm et al. 2018c, figs. 1–4.
Distribution. Endemic to Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul) (Campos-Filho et al., 2012; Zimmermann et al., 2015a, 2015b).
description: Published as part of Aguiar, Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso José Otávio, 2018, Catalogue of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil: an update with some considerations, pp. 1-40 in Nauplius (e 2018038) (e 2018038) 26 on page 8, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2018038, http://zenodo.org/record/14666839
Cigarette Smoke Activates nSMase2 and Apoptosis in the Lung
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: According to the American Lung Association, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in America and is projected to be third by 2020, claiming the lives of 120,000 Americans in 2002. Smoking is the primary risk factor for COPD and approximately 80 to 90 percent of COPD deaths are estimated to be caused by smoking. The National Center for Health Statistics reports that in 2003, 10.7 million U.S. adults were estimated to have COPD. In 2004, the cost to the nation for COPD was approximately $37.2 billion.

 Cigarette smoke contains abundant free radical species and reactive oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which have been suggested to play a role in cigarette smoke-induced lung injury and to contribute to pulmonary diseases mainly through destruction of airway epithelial cells. The increased oxidant load in smokers may contribute to COPD through many biological actions including cellular injury and initiation of programmed cell death (apoptosis).

 Our lab has demonstrated that H2O2 exposure leads to increases in the generation of ceramide, a lipid signaling molecule capable of initiating apoptosis in the lung. We have further demonstrated that the enzyme responsible for ceramide generation under H202 exposure is a member of the neutral sphingomyelinase family (nSMase). These results support our hypothesis that there is a tight connection between oxidative stress and the ceramide pathway that leads to the induction of apoptosis in lung epithelial cells.
Alpha6 nAChRs: Role in Nicotine Addiction
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cigarette smoking leads to serious health problems for the smoker, and the treatment of smoking-related illnesses is a tremendous healthcare burden in developed countries. The most effective way to reduce the negative medical and economic impact of smoking is to reduce the number of people who smoke. Unfortunately, people who smoke are not easily able to quit because they are addicted to cigarettes. As it relates to smoking, “addiction” implies that the smoker continues to smoke even though they are aware of the medical risks associated with smoking. It is likely that the reader of this abstract knows a family member or a friend who would like to quit smoking but has found it difficult to do so.

 In recent years, as biomedical research has advanced, is has become very apparent that the behavior associated with addiction is the result of cellular and molecular changes in the brain of the addicted person. In every case, the abused drug or addictive substance has a direct effect on specific areas of the brain, often on specific molecules. In addiction to cigarette smoking, the abused drug or substance is called nicotine. When a person inhales cigarette smoke, nicotine from the smoke enters the person’s body through the lungs and makes its way quickly through the bloodstream to the brain. Once in the brain, nicotine causes addiction by attaching to specific molecules known as “ion channels” that are found on the surface of nerve cells. These ion channels are called “nicotinic receptors”, and the attachment of nicotine to them induces a feeling of pleasure or well-being for the smoker.

 It is our hypothesis that if a drug were developed that blocked the ability of nicotine to attach to nicotinic receptors, this drug might help people quit smoking because it would stop the feeling of pleasure and well-being that nicotine causes. If the person no longer “felt good” when they smoked, specifically if they no longer had the desire or “craving” to smoke, they would be more likely to quit smoking. We are interested in one particular type of nicotinic receptor, the “alpha 6” receptor. We want to build a new kind of tool to study the receptor to see if “alpha 6” is a good target for drugs that block nicotine. This new tool is a genetically modified mouse that will only activate “alpha 6” when nicotine is delivered to it. We think that, if this tool is made, that it will allow us to learn whether “alpha 6” is a good target to develop a drug against. If it is a good target, we would try to make a drug that blocked “alpha 6”. Hopefully, this drug would help more people quit smoking.
Role of lineage-specific oncogene TITF1 in lung cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: In 2007, lung cancer caused an estimated 160,390 deaths in the U.S. and 13,220 deaths in the state of California, making it the leading cause of death due to cancer. Despite the advances in cancer treatments in recent years, the increase in survival rate for lung cancer remains one of the lowest among all cancers, a mere 22% improvement since the 1970s. These statistics highlight the particular need for more comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of lung cancer and the importance in finding novel and effective targets for therapy.

 In order to discover new therapeutic targets, our laboratory had performed large scale genomic profiling of tumor samples to discover common genetic alterations that cause lung cancer. We were able to discover a lung cancer specific genetic alteration involving a gene called TITF1. We have demonstrated that turning down this gene can cause tumor cells to stop growing in vitro.

 The focus of the current proposal is to understand how the gene regulates tumor cell growth. We would like to determine the biological processes that are involved and potentially discover new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Liolaemus moradoensis Hellmich 1950
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus moradoensis

description: Liolaemus moradoensis Hellmich
Liolaemus altissimus altissimus Müller & Hellmich 1932b: 205 (in part); Hellmich 1934: 68.
Liolaemus altissimus moradoensis Hellmich 1950: 136 (type locality: El Morado Lagoon, 2400 m, Lo Valdés, Los Andes range of Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile); Donoso-Barros 1966a: 302, 1970a: 180, 1970b: 89; Veloso & Navarro 1988: 500; Núñez & Jaksic 1992: 70.
Liolaemus bellii moradoensis Vanzolini 1986: 13; Laurent 1992: 31; Etheridge 1995: 33; Etheridge & Espinoza 2000: 5.
Liolaemus (Liolaemus) moradoensis Pincheira-Donoso & Núñez 2005: 186.
L [iolaemus] moradoensis Díaz & Lobo 2006: 265.
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant
Creators: name: Nattier, Romain
name: Jourdan, Hervé
name: Mille, Christian
name: Chazeau, Jean
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Cryptolaemus
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

description: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant
Cryptolaemus Montrousieri Mulsant, 1853: 268.
Cryptolaemus simplex Blackburn, 1888: 1506 —synonymized by Booth & Pope 1986: 708. Cryptolemus montrouzieri: Bielawski 1961: 2.
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is widespread in New Caledonia and adjacent islands. It was described from Woodlark Island by Mulsant from a specimen sent by Montrouzier, but its actual range encompasses the whole Australasian region, up to Sulawesi and several islands in the Pacific region (Vanuatu, Solomon, Fiji, Micronesia, Cook, Samoa, Wallis & Futuna, French Polynesia and Hawaii). It has been introduced for biocontrol control programs against scale and mealybug insects (Coccidae, Pseudococcidae), and is an occasional aphid (Aphididae) feeder, in North America (recorded from California, Florida, Indiana, Missouri), South Africa, south of Europe and Great Britain. It has also been recorded to feed on eggs from Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval) in Hawaii (Leeper 1975).
Material examined. NEW CALEDONIA: Bourail, Gouaro, 68m, 08.i.2001 (S. Cazères rec.) (CXMNC); Sarraméa, Col d'Amieu, 20.vi.2008 (CXMNC); Boulouparis, Mont Do, 1029m, 07.xii.2006 (J-P. Kataoui rec.) (CXMNC); I. Walpole, 1934 (E. Aubert de la Rüe rec.) (MNHN); Environ de Nouméa, 1934 (E. Aubert de la Rue rec.) (MNHN); Nouméa, 15.xii.1981 (R. Catala rec.) (MNHN); Monts Koghi, 15.xii.1981 (R. Catala rec.) (MNHN); Nouméa, 4.i.1951 (MNHN).
description: Published as part of Nattier, Romain, Jourdan, Hervé, Mille, Christian & Chazeau, Jean, 2015, An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from New Caledonia, pp. 301-331 in Zootaxa 4058 (3) on page 318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/236980
Sodium Channel Studies Toward Lung Cancer Therapeutics
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lung cancer remains the most deadly form of cancer nationwide. Of lung cancer cases, the predominant form remains the type commonly associated with tobacco use. As such, research geared towards the study, treatment, and detection of lung cancer remains a key initiative towards providing comprehensive treatment of tobacco-related diseases. Innovative treatments for lung cancer and cancer-related ailments are of on-going interest in lung cancer research. New targets that would aid both the treatment and early detection of lung cancer and its progression are of the utmost importance. One such target, sodium channel proteins (sodium channels), has recently emerged in cancer research and has been directly linked to lung cancer associated with tobacco use. Sodium channels are proteins that play an important role in the production of electrical impulses by regulating sodium influx across cell membranes within the body. These electrical impulses are vital to a number of important human functions. The ability of sodium channels to participate in the formation of electrical impulses can be hindered by a class of nerve toxins (neurotoxins) that prevent the movement of sodium across the cell membrane by blocking the sodium channel. Neurotoxins that are strongly attracted to sodium channels have been powerful tools for the study and identification of these channels, and their role in cancer progression. New neurotoxins continue to provide valuable information towards understanding sodium channels and how they function. However, the extent to which new neurotoxins are identified is ultimately limited by their scarcity and inaccessibility in nature. The development of methods that would allow for synthetic production of new neurotoxins based on naturally occurring neurotoxins would aid in the study of sodium channels. The research proposed herein will focus on the preparation of synthetic variants of naturally occurring neurotoxins for the express purpose of studying the sodium channel, and how it relates to lung cancer. A greater understanding of sodium channels holds promise towards further study and understanding of their role(s) in lung cancer cell progression, and may provide therapies and treatments that address the detection and progression of lung cancer. Furthermore, neurotoxins that are better able to target sodium channels in cancer cells may themselves directly act as new probes and pharmaceuticals for both the early detection and treatment of lung cancer.
Liolaemus neuquensis Muller & Hellmich 1939
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus neuquensis

description: Liolaemus neuquensis Müller & Hellmich
Liolaemus altissimus neuquensis Müller & Hellmich 1939a: 113 (type locality: Copahue Volcano, near Baños de Copahue, 1800 m, Neuquén Province, Argentina); Donoso-Barros 1970a: 180; Cei 1986: 247.
Liolaemus bellii neuquensis Vanzolini 1986: 13; Laurent 1992: 31; Etheridge 1995: 33.
Liolaemus neuquensis Videla & Cei 1996: 511, 1998: 63; Etheridge & Espinoza 2000: 7; Cei & Videla 2003a: 278; Chebez et al. 2005: 33; Sura 2005: 429; Díaz & Lobo 2006: 264; Scolaro 2006: 44; Pincheira-Donoso & Scolaro 2007: 57.
Observations: Liolaemus neuquensis remains one of the less known species of the genus Liolaemus. So far, only limited information has been provided in general monographs (e.g. Cei 1986). For example, nothing is known about detailed aspects of its ecology (e.g. Cei 1986). Also, hypotheses focusing on the systematic relationships of this lizard with other boreal patagonian species lacking precloacal glands have just recently been developed (Videla & Cei 1996; Cei & Videla 2002, 2003a). Furthermore, the limited general information available on this lizard has also led to indicate that its variation, and hence its specific boundaries, are poorly documented, and that it might be conspecific to L. coeruleus Cei & Ortiz (Pincheira-Donoso & Scolaro 2007). In a recent study, Pincheira-Donoso & Scolaro (2007) compared a series of phenotypic traits measured in L. coeruleus, L. neuquensis and L. tregenzai. These authors observed that only L. tregenzai differed significantly from the other two species in most of these variables, which, in contrast (including aspects of their colour patterns) do not differ clearly between L. coeruleus and L. neuquensis. Although Pincheira-Donoso & Scolaro (2007) suggested that such trait overlap is not powerful enough to consider that L. coeruleus and L. neuquensis are actually the same species, they claimed that their similar patterns of trait variation may be indicative of potential conspecificity. A detailed study is therefore needed to clarify the status of these taxa.
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Genomic Assay to Identify Targets of Anticancer Therapeutics
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cancer is a complex and deadly disease involving the transformation of normal cells into cells with uncontrolled cell divisions. Among cancer types, lung cancer is the most common among men and second most among women, and the number one cause of this deadly disease around the world is the use of tobacco. Numerous studies have shown that cigarette smoking and secondhand smoking account for more than 90% of all lung cancer cases. In addition, lung cancer is one of the top causes of tobacco-related death, thus treating and curing lung cancer is highly relevant to the fight against tobacco.

 In recent years, to combat against lung and other cancers, much effort has been devoted to uncover new anticancer therapeutics and drugs, with special attention paid to natural compounds. Although many natural compounds have now been reported to inhibit cancer cell growth, the exact mechanisms behind their inhibitions often remain largely undefined at the molecular level. Two of these poorly understood compounds are diallyl disulfide in garlic and falcarinol in carrots. Several studies have shown that these compounds can inhibit various stages of tumor development in different cancer cell types, including that of lung cancer. Because of their anticancer potentials, it is important to figure out how exactly do they kill cancer cells, and the overall aim of the proposed research is to do precisely that.

 More specifically, I will start out by using a modern yeast-based genomic assay to identify the putative molecular targets of the two natural anticancer compounds. I will then verify the identified targets with several follow-up experiments in yeast, human, and lung cancer cells. Finally, once the molecular mechanisms of the two compounds are determined, I will extend the results to study how small DNA variations in the human genome might alter the anticancer properties of the compounds.

 The proposed work is highly relevant to the understanding of cancer and anticancer therapeutics. Not only will it help to develop new technology for studying and treating lung and other cancers, it will specifically shed light on the anticancer properties of two natural compounds. Furthermore, by also relating my results to small human genome variations, I will help to explain why various human populations respond differently to the same therapeutics. Finally, the proposed work will contribute immensely to the understanding of cancer, help the fight against tobacco, and yield great benefits to human health in general.
alpha7-nAChR Targeted Imaging and Therapy of Lung Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lung cancer is the predominant cancer in the developed world and its onset is strongly correlated with smoking habits. Tobacco smoke contains agents that cause cancer. Nicotine, the well-known addictive component of tobacco, itself isn't one of them. However, in recent past years, researchers found that nicotine can directly enhance lung cancer cell growth and promote tumor angiogenesis--tumor new blood vessels formation which can provide oxygen, nutrition for tumor cells. They also reported that these nicotine bioactivities are mediated by alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7-nAChRs). So, alpha7-nAChR pathway became the potential targets for anti-lung cancer therapies.

 The involvement of alpha7-nAChR in nicotine-induced lung cancer proliferation and tumor angiogenesis has been well documented. However, the use of molecular imaging to quantitatively measure alpha7-nAChR level change responding to anti-alpha7-nAChR therapy is not investigated.

 In this proposal, we seek to image alpha7-nAChR and monitor anti-alpha7-nAChR treatment efficacy by multimodality molecular imaging techniques. Firstly, we verify the key role of nicotine and alpha7-nAChR in lung cancer progression in cell level. And by using alpha7-nAChR siRNA as the therapeutics, we will further elucidate the relationship between nicotine induced alpha7-nAChR expression and lung cancer progression. Secondly, in this study, it is of critical importance to be able to measure alpha7-nAChR level in vivo non-invasively and quantitatively. In this aim we will label an alpha7-nAChR antagonist ?-Cobratoxin (?-CbTx) with positrion emitting radionulclide 18F. Quantitative PET imaging with 18F-?-CbTx will not only reflect ?7-nAChR expression in vivo but also provide the tumor targeting efficacy and in vivo kinetics of this lung cancer therapeutics. Lastly, in order to fully evaluate and understand the anti-tumor effect of ?7-nAChR siRNA, we will test this siRNA in both subcutaneous and orthotopic lung cancer models. Multimodality molecular imaging techniques will be applied to determine the tumor burden (bioluminescence imaging and microCT), tumor metabolism (18F-FDG/PET), tumor proliferation (18F-FLT/PET), and angiogenesis (64Cu-VEGF121). The in vivo results will also be validated by ex vivo histopathological findings.

 If successful, we will better the understanding of the relationship between tobacco use and lung cancer as well as find a solution for smoking-related lung cancer treatment. Furthermore, we will establish ways of monitoring effective lung cancer treatment. It is our hope that the newly developed molecular imaging probes, new treatment strategy, and new imaging methods of therapy monitoring will all be translated into the clinic and benefit lung cancer patients and provide solid evidence for the elimination of the use of tobacco products.
Dorsophila xerophila Val 1983
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Dorsophila
Dorsophila xerophila

description: xerophila Val
Dorsophila xerophila Val in Carson et al., 1983: 240. Brake & Bächli 2008: 122 [catalogue].
Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Santa Cruz.
Remarks. Adults of this species occur in the arid zone, with a sunset flight period (Carson et al. 1983).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Nephus fauveli Bielawski
Creators: name: Nattier, Romain
name: Jourdan, Hervé
name: Mille, Christian
name: Chazeau, Jean
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Nephus
Nephus fauveli

description: Nephus fauveli (Bielawski)
Scymnus (Nephus) fauveli Bielawski, 1973: 406.
Endemic to New Caledonia, this Nephus is only known from the type specimen (Nouméa) and few records which established its occurrence on both coasts of Grande Terre (Nouméa, Thio).
Material examined. NEW CALEDONIA: Nouméa, Ouen Toro, 24.vi.1978 (A. Delobel rec.) (ONNC).
description: Published as part of Nattier, Romain, Jourdan, Hervé, Mille, Christian & Chazeau, Jean, 2015, An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from New Caledonia, pp. 301-331 in Zootaxa 4058 (3) on page 318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/236980
Nicotinic Regulation of GABAergic Inhibition/Excitation
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Nicotine acts on special proteins in the cell membrane called nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to exert its effects on behavior and to produces addiction. Activation of the receptors normally in the brain occurs by interaction with a chemical called acetylcholine. It is known that these receptors can have multiple effects at connections in the brain called synapses. But the larger significance of these effects, i.e. what the effects mean for brain function, is poorly understood.

 We have obtained preliminary evidence that exposing brain cells to nicotine can have a profound effect on another signaling pathway not previously recognized. This pathway involves the brain chemical GABA which acts as the main "inhibitory" signal in the brain. GABA causes circuits and pathways to be more inhibited, i.e. to quiet down. Our preliminary evidence is that nicotine exposure can transiently change the gradient of chloride ions across the cell outer membrane. It has long been known that the chloride gradient determines the effect of GABA. The changes that nicotine causes in the chloride gradient are likely to make the GABA responses temporarily excitatory. If these initial results extend to nicotine concentrations found in smokers and if the phenomenon is widespread, the findings will have tremendous import for understanding the mechanisms by which nicotine achieves its effects.

 Two Specific Aims are proposed here. The first is designed to examine the extent to which nicotine controls the chloride gradients underlying GABA responses in adult brain cells. The second aim employs functional assays to demonstrate directly that nicotine can generate GABA-mediated excitation in adult brain cells. Lastly experiments will test the hypothesis that the nicotine-induced change in GABA-mediated signaling can produce transient hyperexcitability in adult brain circuits.

 The experiments proposed here are likely to reveal a major action of nicotine in the brain, one that has not previously been suspected, let alone documented. The results will provide new insight into how we think about nicotinic modulation of behavior, and, on a larger scale, the kinds of mechanisms available for altering information processing. Biomedically the results will have the value of identifying new consequences and sites of action for nicotine, raising awareness about the consequences of tobacco consumption and possibly identifying new targets for pharmaceutical intervention.
Drosophila pictiventris
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila pictiventris

description: pictiventris (Duda)
Drosophila pictiventris Duda, 1925b: 211.
Drosophila (Hirtodrosophila) pictiventris: Carson et al. 1983: 241 [records]; Brake & Bächli 2008: 135 [catalogue].
Distribution. Introduced. Nearctic, Neotropical; Galápagos: Isabela, Santa Cruz.
Remarks. Adults of this species were collected on fungus in the highland zones (Carson et al. 1983).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Additional file 10: of Hospital acquired Acute Kidney Injury is associated with increased mortality but not increased readmission rates in a UK acute hospital
Creators: name: Nerissa Jurawan
name: Pankhurst, Tanya
name: Ferro, Charles
name: Nightingale, Peter
name: Coleman, Jamie
name: Rosser, David
name: Ball, Simon
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Comparison of comorbidities between the differing populations of patients: those who died in the first admission, those who survived and were readmitted and those who survived and werenâ  t readmitted. (DOCX 15Â kb)
Liolaemus nigromaculatus
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus nigromaculatus

description: Liolaemus nigromaculatus (Wiegmann)
Tropidurus nigromaculatus Wiegmann 1834a: 229 (type locality: “ Chile ”. Restricted to Huasco, Atacama Region, Chile, by Donoso-Barros 1970b), 1834c: 18, 1835: 290.
Tropidurus oxycephalus Wiegmann 1834a: 232 (synonym fide Boulenger 1885a), 1834c: 18, 1835: 290.
Proctotretus nigromaculatus Duméril & Bibron 1837: 281; Bell 1843: 10; Guichenot 1848: 34; Duméril & Duméril 1851: 74.
Liolaemus conspersus Gravenhorst 1838: 737 (synonym fide Boulenger 1885a; see also Etheridge & Espinoza 2000).
Ptychodeira nigromaculata Fitzinger 1843: 73.
Ptychodeira nigromaculatus Tschudi 1846: 32.
Leiolaemus nigromaculatus Gray 1845: 213; Gigoux 1928: 182.
Leiolaemus inconspicuus Gray 1845: 213 (synonym fide Boulenger 1885a).
Rhytidodeira nigromaculata Girard 1858a: 198, 1858b: 353.
Rhytidodeira oxycephalus Girard 1858b: 353.
Proctotretus pallidus Philippi 1860: 166; Tiedemann & Häupl 1980: 45.
Liolaemus nigromaculatus Boulenger 1885a: 147; Werner 1898: 251; Burt & Burt 1930: 17, 1933: 35; Pflaumer 1944: 113; Fuentes 1977: 169; Fuentes & Cancino 1979: 343; Vanzolini 1986: 15; Lamborot & Alvarez-Sarret 1989: 393; Laurent 1992: 32; Núñez & Jaksic 1992: 74; Etheridge 1995: 33; Etheridge & Espinoza 2000: 7; Lobo 2001: 139; Sura 2005: 429; Díaz & Lobo 2006: 264.
Liolaemus nigromaculatus nigromaculatus Müller & Hellmich 1933b: 127; Hellmich 1934: 48; Donoso-Barros 1966a: 242, 1970a: 189, 1970b: 96; Veloso & Navarro 1988: 507.
Liolaemus (Liolaemus) nigromaculatus Pincheira-Donoso & Núñez 2005: 403.
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on page 28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Nephus fijiensis Sicard
Creators: name: Nattier, Romain
name: Jourdan, Hervé
name: Mille, Christian
name: Chazeau, Jean
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Nephus
Nephus fijiensis

description: Nephus fijiensis (Sicard)
Scymnus fijiensis Sicard, 1922: 353. Nephus fijiensis: Chazeau 1982: 181.
Described from Fiji Islands, it is a Pacific-wide species [Papua New Guinea (including New Britain), French Polynesia, American Samoa, Western Samoa, Cook Islands)] but also in Asia (China, Vietnam). It was not recorded by Bielawski (1973). Its occurrence in the Nouméa area may indicate recent natural spread or an accidental introduction between 1970 and 1980. This scale and mealybug insect predator (Diaspidae, Pseudococcidae, Coccidae) is found on ornamental plants and in orchards.
Material examined. NEW CALEDONIA: Nouméa, Anse Vata. (CPS), vi.1966 (ONNC).
description: Published as part of Nattier, Romain, Jourdan, Hervé, Mille, Christian & Chazeau, Jean, 2015, An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from New Caledonia, pp. 301-331 in Zootaxa 4058 (3) on page 318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/236980
Hecamede brasiliensis Cresson 1938
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Hecamede
Hecamede brasiliensis

description: brasiliensis (Lima)
Gitona brasiliensis Lima, 1950: 251. Wheeler 1961: 750 [records]; Linsley & Usinger 1966: 169 [checklist]; Peck 1996: 122 [mode of introduction]; Peck et al. 1998: 228 [introduced species]; Causton et al. 2006: 134 [introduced species].
Rhinoleucophenga brasiliensis: Brake & Bächli 2008: 291 [catalogue].
Distribution. Introduced (Wheeler 1961). Neotropical; Galápagos: Santa Cruz.
Remarks. This species is an obligate parasitoid of the ensign coccid Praelongorthezia praelonga (Douglas), which lives on citrus plants (Wheeler 1961; Poppe et al. 2018).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Additional file 1: of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa, Jacq Benth) leaf extract affects mitochondrial redox chemistry and inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme in vitro
Creators: name: Kayode Komolafe
name: Afolabi Akinmoladun
name: Titilope Komolafe
name: Olaleye, Mary
name: Akintunde Akindahunsi
name: Joao Rocha
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S1. Determination of the trolox equivalent antioxidant concentration (TEAC) value for PBE. Values are mean ± SEM of three parallel measurements. (DOC 61 kb)
Liolaemus nigroviridis Muller & Hellmich 1932
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus nigroviridis

description: Liolaemus nigroviridis Müller & Hellmich
Leiolaemus lineatus Gray 1845: 213 (synonym of L. bibronii fide Boulenger 1885a; synonym of L. nigroviridis fide Núñez 2004).
Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroviridis Müller & Hellmich 1932a: 318 (type locality: Río San Francisco Valley, 2400 m, Los Andes range of Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile); Hellmich 1934: 63; Donoso-Barros & Candiani 1950: 488; Donoso-Barros 1966a: 261, 1970a: 190, 1970b: 97; Valencia et al. 1975: 209; Vanzolini 1986: 15; Veloso & Navarro 1988: 508; Laurent 1992: 32; Etheridge 1995: 33.
Liolaemus nigroviridis minor Müller & Hellmich 1932a: 326; Hellmich 1934: 66; Donoso-Barros 1966a: 264, 1970a: 191; 1970b: 98; Valencia et al. 1975: 209; Vanzolini 1986: 15; Veloso & Navarro 1988: 508; Laurent 1992: 32; Etheridge 1995: 33.
Liolaemus nigroviridis campanae Hellmich 1950: 152; Donoso-Barros 1966a: 267, 1970a: 191, 19970b: 97; Valencia et al. 1975: 209; Veloso & Navarro 1988: 508; Etheridge 1955: 33; Laurent 1992: 32.
Liolaemus nigroviridis Núñez & Jaksic 1992: 74; Etheridge & Espinoza 2000: 7; Escobar et al. 2001: 1679; Sura 2005: 429; Díaz & Lobo 2006: 264.
Liolaemus (Liolaemus) nigroviridis Pincheira-Donoso & Núñez 2005: 334.
L [iolaemus] campanae Díaz & Lobo 2006: 264 (in part).
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on page 28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Allosteric Protein Kinase Modulators via Disulfide Trapping
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Protein kinases are enzymes that are essential for normal cellular functions; when unregulated, however, kinases also play central roles in cancer. Many currently-used cancer therapeutics are kinase inhibitors. The development of kinase-targeted drugs is usually founded upon basic biochemical and cell biology studies focused on understanding the role of specific kinases in biology. To reach this understanding, methods that allow one to selectively inhibit or activate a single kinase and observe the resulting cellular effects in real time are ideal. Most current methods to do this, however, are either not selective (i.e., they affect several kinases at once) or do not allow fine control over kinase activity in time or in degree.

 I propose to develop novel molecules that modulate the activity of protein kinase C iota (PKC-iota) by binding to this protein in a novel way. The strategy I will employ involves the use of a drug discovery technology developed at Sunesis pharmaceuticals called disulfide-trapping (or Tethering), which has been successful with several protein targets. Human non-small-cell lung cancer cells have high levels of activated PKC-iota and this feature is correlated with abnormal growth and migration of these cells, but the precise mechanism by which this occurs is not completely understood. Therefore, the long term application of the basic research I propose is to develop a cellular model of the above diseases in which PKC-iota can be selectively turned on or turned off at will (simulating the cancerous state in the former case and simulating the actions of a drug in the latter case) and subsequent cellular events can be monitored over time. Uncovering the pathway through which PKC-iota exerts its lung cancer-promoting effects may validate this enzyme or other enzymes in the pathway as targets for future drug discovery efforts.
Nephus rufidorsis Fauvel
Creators: name: Nattier, Romain
name: Jourdan, Hervé
name: Mille, Christian
name: Chazeau, Jean
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Nephus
Nephus rufidorsis

description: Nephus rufidorsis (Fauvel)
Scymnus rufidorsis Fauvel, 1903: 323.
Scymnus (Nephus) rufidorsis: Bielawski 1973: 404.
Endemic to New Caledonia, this species is only known from the type specimen (Nouméa). No information is available on their biology and ecology.
description: Published as part of Nattier, Romain, Jourdan, Hervé, Mille, Christian & Chazeau, Jean, 2015, An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from New Caledonia, pp. 301-331 in Zootaxa 4058 (3) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/236980
Additional file 2: of Exercise and cancer-related fatigue in adults: a systematic review of previous systematic reviews with meta-analyses
Creators: name: Kelley, George
name: Kelley, Kristi
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Studies excluded, including reasons for exclusion. This file includes a list of all excluded studies, including the specific reasons for their exclusion. (DOCX 63 kb)
Drosophila latifasciaeformis
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila latifasciaeformis

description: latifasciaeformis (Duda)
Drosophila latifasciaeformis Duda, 1940: 22.
Drosophila (Scaptodrosophila) pictiventris: Carson et al. 1983: 241 [records]; Peck et al. 1998: 228 [introduced species]; Causton et al. 2006: 134 [introduced species].
Distribution. Introduced. Cosmopolitan; Galápagos: Isabela, Santa Cruz.
Remarks. Adults of this species were collected in the agricultural zone (Carson et al. 1983).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Liolaemus nitidus
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus nitidus

description: Liolaemus nitidus (Wiegmann)
Tropidurus nitidus Wiegmann 1834a: 206 (nomen nudum).
Tropidurus nitidus Wiegmann 1834a: 234 (type locality: Valparaíso, Valparaíso Region, Chile), 1834c: 18, 1835: 290.
Tropidurus chilensis Wiegmann 1834a: 233 (in part).
Proctotretus chilensis var A Duméril & Bibron 1837: 269.
Liolaemus lineatus Gravenhorst 1838: 723 (synonym fide Boulenger 1885a).
Liolaemus nitidus Gravenhorst 1838: 727; Burt & Burt 1930: 17, 1931: 278, 1933: 36; Hellmich 1934: 9; Pflaumer 1944: 113; Donoso-Barros & Candiani 1950: 483; Donoso-Barros 1966a: 173, 1970a: 191, 1970b: 98; Jaksic & Fuentes 1980: 109; Vanzolini 1986: 15; Veloso & Navarro 1988: 509; Brygoo 1989: 25; Lamborot & Alvarez-Sarret 1989: 393; Laurent 1992: 32; Núñez & Jaksic 1992: 74; Etheridge 1995: 33; Etheridge & Espinoza 2000: 7; Escobar et al. 2001: 1679; Lobo 2001: 139; Fox & Shipman 2003: 321; Sura 2005: 429; Díaz & Lobo 2006: 264.
Liolaemus unicolor Gravenhorst 1838: 728 (synonym fide Boulenger 1885a).
Liolaemus marmoratus Gravenhorst 1838: 729 (synonym fide Boulenger 1885a).
Leiodera chilensis Gray 1845: 210.
Proctotretus marmoratus Philippi 1860: 163 (see Etheridge & Espinoza 2000).
Liolaemus (Liolaemus) nitidus Pincheira-Donoso & Núñez 2005: 383.
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Scaptomyza (Mesoscaptomyza) vittata
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Scaptomyza
Scaptomyza vittata

description: vittata (Coquillett) (M. Parchami-Araghi pers. comm.).
Drosophila vittata Coquillett, 1895b: 318.
Distribution. Introduced. Nearctic, Neotropical; Galápagos: Isabela, Santa Cruz.
Material examined. Galápagos: Isabela: Agricultural zone, 380 m, 9.iii.1989, B.J. Sinclair (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC). Santa Cruz: El Cascajo, Finca Aguirre, YPT, 11.xi.2001, B.J. Sinclair (5 ♁, 14 ♀, CNC); Los Gemelos, Scalesia forest, 610 m, FIT, 1–28.ii.1989, S.B. Peck & B.J. Sinclair (2 ♁, 2 ♀, CNC).
Remarks. Adults of this species were collected in the agricultural zone.
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Synthesis of Apoptotic Spirooxindoles
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Based on data from the National Cancer Institute, cigarette smoking causes approximately 30 percent of all cancer-related deaths in the United States. In particular, smoking alone is responsible for 87 percent of lung cancer deaths. Despite the significant research and medical efforts devoted to the treatment of lung cancer, the five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with lung cancer is only 14 percent. This is a sobering statistic and more effective treatments are urgently needed. Natural products play an important role in pharmaceutical development. Based on a recent report by the NCI, approximately 74 percent of the anti-cancer drugs on the market today are based on natural products and derivatives thereof. Natural products total synthesis provides not only a viable means to access necessary quantities for biological evaluation, but also an efficient way to access derivatives that have more potent or desirable properties. A growing number of indole- and spirooxindole-based alkaloids derived from tryptamine and/or tryptophan display significant anti-cancer activities. The research described herein is based on the development of new synthetic methodology for the construction of such alkaloids and their synthetic derivatives for biological testing. As a part of our ongoing research on the asymmetric construction of spiropyrrolidine oxindole alkaloids, a proposed synthesis of the traditional Chinese herbal metabolites rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, 17-demethoxyisorhynchophylline and related spirooxindole analogs is outlined. These and structurally related compounds have been used to treat various ailments, including cancer and have the potential for development as antineoplastic agents. The anti-cancer activities of these alkaloids will be examined through our ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration within the Comprehensive Cancer Center at the City of Hope National Medical Center. The development of the synthetic methodology for the synthesis of the aforementioned alkaloids and synthetic derivatives will be useful in identifying lead compounds for anti-cancer drug candidates.
Scaptomyza (Parascaptomyza) santacruzi
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Scaptomyza
Scaptomyza santacruzi

description: santacruzi (Val)
Drosophila (Parascaptomyza) santacruzi Val in Carson et al., 1983: 243. Brake & Bächli 2008: 227 [catalogue].
Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Santa Cruz.
Remarks. Adults of this species inhabit Scalesia forests in the humid highlands (Carson et al. 1983).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667