cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
COMPETING FOR SCARCE LAND: FOOD SECURITY AND FARMLAND PRESERVATION
Creators: name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Tweeten, Luther G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Land Economics/Use

description: Projections indicate the world is entering a new era of tighter food supply relative to demand than in recent decades. Although urban areas in the U.S. occupy only 3 percent of the nation's land, the average state supplies too small a share of global food needs to motivate it to preserve land for food security. Citizens like open spaces, but scenic areas are preferred to farmland. Thus, if preserving land for future needs is important, the issue must be addressed at the national and international level as well as the state level. Statistical analysis indicates most U.S. farmland transferred to other uses has been the result of unprofitability of farming rather than the result of urban encroachment.
The (black hole mass)-(color) relations for early- and late-type galaxies: red and blue sequences
Creators: name: Dullo, Bililign T.
name: Bouquin, Alexandre Y. K.
name: De Paz, Armando Gil
name: Knapen, Johan H.
name: Gorgas, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] Tight correlations between supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) and the properties of the host galaxy have useful implications for our understanding of the growth of SMBHs and evolution of galaxies. Here, we present newly observed correlations between $M_{\rm BH}$ and the host galaxy total UV$-$ [3.6] color ($\mathcal{C_{\rm UV,tot}}$, Pearson's r = $0.6-0.7$) for a sample of 67 galaxies (20 early-type galaxies and 47 late-type galaxies) with directly measured $M_{\rm BH}$ in the GALEX/S$^{4}$G survey. The colors are carefully measured in a homogeneous manner using the galaxies' FUV, NUV and 3.6 $\micron$ magnitudes and their multi-component structural decompositions in the literature. We find that more massive SMBHs are hosted by (early- and late-type) galaxies with redder colors, but the $M_{\rm BH}- \mathcal{C_{\rm UV,tot}}$ relations for the two morphological types have slopes that differ at $\sim 2 σ$ level. Early-type galaxies define a red sequence in the $M_{\rm BH}- \mathcal{C_{\rm UV,tot}}$ diagrams, while late-type galaxies trace a blue sequence. Within the assumption that the specific star formation rate of a galaxy (sSFR) is well traced by $L_{\rm UV}/L_{\rm 3.6}$, it follows that the SMBH masses for late-type galaxies exhibit a steeper dependence on sSFR than those for early-type galaxies. The $M_{\rm BH}- \mathcal{C_{\rm UV,tot}}$ and $M_{\rm BH}-L_{\rm 3.6,tot}$ relations for the sample galaxies reveal a comparable level of vertical scatter in the log $M_{\rm BH}$ direction, roughly $5\%-27\%$ more than the vertical scatter of the $M_{\rm BH}-σ$ relation. Our $M_{\rm BH}- \mathcal{C_{\rm UV,tot}}$ relations suggest different channels of SMBH growth for early- and late-type galaxies, consistent with their distinct formation and evolution scenarios.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
X-ray spectroscopy of PSR B1951+32 and its pulsar wind nebula
Creators: name: Li, X. H.
name: Lu, F. J.
name: Li, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of PSR B1951+32 and its pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in supernova remnant (SNR) CTB 80 using a {\sl Chandra} observation. The {\sl Chandra} X-ray map reveals clearly various components of a ram-pressure confined PWN embedded in the SNR ejecta: a point source representing the pulsar, X-ray emission from the bow shock, a luminous X-ray tail, a 30$\arcsec$ diameter plateau whose northwestern part is absent, and the outside more diffuse X-ray emission. The plateau is just surrounded by the radio, [O III], [S II], and [N II] shells, and the outside diffuse emission is mostly within the H$α$ shells. While the spectra of all the features are well fitted with power law models, a power law plus blackbody model can fit the spectrum of the pulsar significantly better than using a power law model alone. Generally the spectra of these components obey the trend of steepening from the inside to the outside. However, the edge of the plateau probably has a harder spectrum than that of the central region of the plateau. The cause of the apparent hard spectrum of the plateau edge is unclear, and we speculate that it might be due to a shock between the PWN and the SNR ejecta. The possible blackbody radiation component from the pulsar has a temperature of 0.13$\pm0.02$ keV and an equivalent emitting radius of 2.2$^{+1.4}_{-0.8}$ (d/2 kpc) km, and is thus probably from the hot spots on the pulsar. We also show in this paper that the blackbody temperature of the entire surface of PSR B1951+32 is much lower than those predicted by the standard neutron star cooling models.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ
Force-Free Magnetohydrodynamic Waves: Non-Linear Interactions and Effects of Strong Gravity
Creators: name: Troischt, Parker
name: Thompson, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation and non-linear interactions of magnetohydrodynamic waves are considered in the force-free limit, where the inertia of the conducting matter which enforces the MHD condition E.B = 0 can be neglected in comparison with the inertia of the electromagnetic field. By extending the analysis beyond the WKB approximation, we are able to study the non-linearities induced by a gravitational field. We treat the perturbed electromagnetic field as a fluid of infinite conductivity. We calculate the scattering of a torsional (Alfven) wave by a gravitational potential, and demonstrate a nonlinear coupling with a compressive (fast) wave which is second order in the amplitude of the Alfven wave. In a cylindrically symmetric spacetime with slow rotation, the coupling is second order in g_{tϕ} and first order in the amplitude of the wave. We also give a fresh analysis of the non-linear interactions between compressive and torsional waves in Minkowski space, with a focus on the relative strengths of their three- and four-mode interactions. In contrast with non-relativistic magnetofluids, the effects of compression are always present. In the case of colliding fast waves, a net displacement of the field lines across (at least) one of the colliding wavepackets is shown to have a strong effect on the outgoing waveform, and to have a qualitatively different interpretation than was previously suggested for colliding Alfven waves. Finally, we show how spacetime curvature modifies the collision between two torsional waves, in both the weak- and strong-field regimes.
description: 29 pages
Provable Guarantees for Deep Learning-Based Anomaly Detection through Logical Constraints
Creators: name: Katzke, Tim
name: Lutz, Simon
name: Müller, Emmanuel
name: Neider, Daniel
Publisher: name: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference
Year: 2024

description: Incorporating constraints expressed as logical formulas and based on foundational prior knowledge into deep learning models can provide formal guarantees for the fulfillment of critical model properties, improve model performance, and ensure that relevant structures can be inferred from less data. We propose to thoroughly explore such logical constraints over input-output relations in the context of deep learning-based anomaly detection, specifically by extending the capabilities of the MultiplexNet framework.
description: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference, DataNinja sAIOnARA 2024 Conference
Potentials between D-Branes in a Supersymmetric Model of Space-Time Foam
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Mavromatos, Nikolaos E.
name: Westmuckett, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a supersymmetric model of space-time foam with two stacks each of eight D8-branes with equal string tensions, separated by a single bulk dimension containing D0-brane particles that represent quantum fluctuations. The ground-state configuration with static D-branes has zero vacuum energy, but, when they move, the interactions among the D-branes and D-particles due to the exchanges of strings result in a non-trivial, positive vacuum energy. We calculate its explicit form in the limits of small velocities and large or small separations between the D-branes and/or the D-particles. This non-trivial vacuum energy appears as a central charge deficit in the non-critical stringy $σ$ model describing perturbative string excitations on a moving D-brane. These calculations enable us to characterise the ground state of the D-brane/D-particle system, and provide a framework for discussing brany inflation and the possibility of residual Dark Energy in the present-day Universe.
description: 26 pages Latex, four eps figures incorporated, minor typos corrected, no effects on conclusions
Closing the Loop with Concept Regularization
Creators: name: Posada-Moreno, Andres Felipe
name: Trimpe, Sebastian
Publisher: name: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference
Year: 2024

description: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely adopted in industrial settings, but are prone to biases and lack transparency. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), particularly through concept extraction (CE), allows for global explanations and bias detection, yet fails to offer corrective measures for identified biases. To bridge this gap, we introduce Concept Regularization (CoRe), which uses CE capabilities alongside human feedback to embed a regularization term during retraining. CoRe allows for the adjustments in model sensitivities based on identified biases, aligning model prediction process with expert human assessments. Our evaluations on a modified metal casting dataset demonstrate CoRe's efficacy in bias mitigation, highlighting its potential to refine models in practical applications.
description: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference, DataNinja sAIOnARA 2024 Conference
MoFlow: An Invertible Flow Model for Generating Molecular Graphs
Creators: name: Zang, Chengxi
name: Wang, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generating molecular graphs with desired chemical properties driven by deep graph generative models provides a very promising way to accelerate drug discovery process. Such graph generative models usually consist of two steps: learning latent representations and generation of molecular graphs. However, to generate novel and chemically-valid molecular graphs from latent representations is very challenging because of the chemical constraints and combinatorial complexity of molecular graphs. In this paper, we propose MoFlow, a flow-based graph generative model to learn invertible mappings between molecular graphs and their latent representations. To generate molecular graphs, our MoFlow first generates bonds (edges) through a Glow based model, then generates atoms (nodes) given bonds by a novel graph conditional flow, and finally assembles them into a chemically valid molecular graph with a posthoc validity correction. Our MoFlow has merits including exact and tractable likelihood training, efficient one-pass embedding and generation, chemical validity guarantees, 100\% reconstruction of training data, and good generalization ability. We validate our model by four tasks: molecular graph generation and reconstruction, visualization of the continuous latent space, property optimization, and constrained property optimization. Our MoFlow achieves state-of-the-art performance, which implies its potential efficiency and effectiveness to explore large chemical space for drug discovery.
Is T Tauri North a 'Classical' T Tauri star?
Creators: name: Flores, Christian
name: Reipurth, Bo
name: Connelley, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution $H$- and $K$-band spectroscopic observations of the archetypal T Tauri star T Tau North. Synthetic spectral modeling is used to derive the $K$-band temperature, surface gravity, magnetic field strength, and rotational velocity for this star. The $K$-band spectroscopic temperature measured is $\rm T_{K\text{-band}} = 3976 \pm 90 K$, which is $\sim 1000 \, \rm K$ cooler than the temperature measured from optical observations. Our $K$-band temperature measurement for T Tau N is confirmed using equivalent width line ratio vs. temperature relations in the $H$-band, from which a $\rm T_{H\text{-band}} = 4085 \pm 155 K$ is derived. This optical vs. IR temperature difference is interpreted as cool or hot spots, or both, covering a significant part of the surface of T Tau N. The gravity derived for T Tau N $\log{g}=3.45 \pm 0.14$ is lower than the gravity of nearly every other star in a sample of 24 classical T Tauri stars in Taurus. Combining these temperature and gravity results with magnetic stellar evolutionary models, we find the age of T Tau N to be less than 1 Myr old. These results suggest that T Tau N is in an earlier evolutionary stage than most classical T Tauri stars in Taurus, arguing that it is a protostar ejected from the embedded southern binary system shortly after its formation.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Nonlinear spectroscopy of collective modes in excitonic insulator
Creators: name: Golez, Denis
name: Sun, Zhiyuan
name: Murakami, Yuta
name: Georges, Antoine
name: Millis, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear optical response of an excitonic insulator coupled to lattice degrees of freedom is shown to depend in strong and characteristic ways on whether the insulating behavior originates primarily from electron-electron or electron-lattice interactions. Linear response optical signatures of the massive phase mode and the amplitude (Higgs) mode are identified. Upon nonlinear excitation resonant to the phase mode, a new in-gap mode at twice the phase mode frequency is induced, leading to a huge second harmonic response. Excitation of in-gap phonon modes leads to different and much smaller effects. A Landau-Ginzburg theory analysis explain these different behavior and reveals that a parametric resonance of the strongly excited phase mode is the origin of the photo-induced mode in the electron-dominant case. The difference in the nonlinear optical response serve as a measure of the dominant mechanism of the ordered phase.
Beyond Trial and Error in Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Lange, Moritz
name: Engelhardt, Raphael C.
name: Konen, Wolfgang
name: Wiskott, Laurenz
Publisher: name: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference
Year: 2024

description: In this work, we address the trial-and-error nature of modern reinforcement learning (RL) methods by investigating approaches inspired by human cognition. By enhancing state representations and advancing causal reasoning and planning, we aim to improve RL performance, robustness, and explainability. Through diverse examples, we showcase the potential of these approaches to improve RL agents.
description: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference, DataNinja sAIOnARA 2024 Conference
Detecting Pulsar Polarization below 100 MHz with the Long Wavelength Array
Creators: name: Dike, V.
name: Taylor, G. B.
name: Dowell, J.
name: Stovall, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1), we examine polarized pulsar emission between 25 and 88 MHz. Polarized light from pulsars undergoes Faraday rotation as it passes through the magnetized interstellar medium. Observations from low frequency telescopes are ideal for obtaining precise rotation measures (RMs) because the effect of Faraday rotation is proportional to the square of the observing wavelength. With these RMs, we obtained polarized pulse profiles to see how polarization changes in the 25-88 MHz range. The RMs were also used to derive values for the electron density weighted average Galactic magnetic field along the line of sight. We present rotation measures and polarization profiles of 15 pulsars acquired using data from LWA1. These results provide new insight into low-frequency polarization characteristics and pulsar emission heights, and complement measurements at higher frequencies.
description: 15 pages, accepted to MNRAS
Modeling the elastic deformation of polymer crusts formed by sessile droplet evaporation
Creators: name: Head, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evaporating droplets of polymer or colloid solution may produce a glassy crust at the liquid-vapour interface, which subsequently deforms as an elastic shell. For sessile droplets, the known radial outward flow of solvent is expected to generate crusts that are thicker near the pinned contact line than the apex. Here we investigate, by non-linear quasi-static simulation and scaling analysis, the deformation mode and stability properties of elastic caps with a non-uniform thickness profile. By suitably scaling the mean thickness and the contact angle between crust and substrate, we find data collapse onto a master curve for both buckling pressure and deformation mode, thus allowing us to predict when the deformed shape is a dimple, mexican hat, and so on. This master curve is parameterised by a dimensionless measure of the non-uniformity of the shell. We also speculate on how overlapping timescales for gelation and deformation may alter our findings.
description: 8 pages, 7 figs. Some extra clarification of a few points, and minor corrections. To appear in Phys. Rev. E
On the scale hierarchy in radiative symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Arbuzov, A. B.
name: Voznaya, U. E.
name: Kopylova, T. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of a scale hierarchy in the case of spontaneous radiative breaking of conformal symmetry is discussed using the example of a simple quantum field theory model. The Coleman-Weinberg mechanism is implemented in the one-loop approximation of the effective potential of a scalar field interacting with a fermion field. The emergence of a hierarchy between the renormalization scale and the magnitude of the scalar field vacuum expectation value is shown. An effective model in the vicinity of the effective potential minimum is constructed, and absence of a direct renormalization group transition to the original theory is established. It is shown that effective model parameters measurement in the infrared region allows us to determine the scale that limits the applicability region of the model.
description: 7 pages
Improving Trust in AI Through Sustainable and Trustworthy Reporting
Creators: name: Fischer, Raphael
name: Bunse, Mirko
Publisher: name: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference
Year: 2024

description: This extended abstract outlines STREP, our (S)ustainable and (T)rustworthy (REP)orting framework. It communicates performance indicators of systems that build on artificial intelligence and thus makes them more trustworthy.
description: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference, DataNinja sAIOnARA 2024 Conference
OVERVIEW OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Creators: name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Tweeten, Luther G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Agriculture progresses through four stages of policy: traditional, developing, maturing, and modern. The third or maturing stage of sizeable transfers from taxpayers and consumers to farmers is described at length an 10 implications drawn for the United States and other countries. Among the lessons learned are that government commodity programs once initiated contain much momentum for continuation; that benefits of programs accrue disproportionately to the least disadvantaged among those eligible; that markets work for farm commodities because goods are rival, exclusionary, and transparent; that agricultural market forces are difficult to circumvent; that the least competitive traditional farm commodities are most likely to seek and receive government help; that multilateral trade reform has not been very effective in liberalizing farm trade; that American farm policy has been heavily influenced by populist myths; that economic analysis matters; and that direct payments targeted solely to small farms are essential but politically infeasible to save small farms.
Maximal entanglement of two spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Jack, Michael W.
name: Yamashita, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting with two weakly-coupled anti-ferromagnetic spinor condensates, we show that by changing the sign of the coefficient of the spin interaction, $U_{2}$, via an optically-induced Feshbach resonance one can create an entangled state consisting of two anti-correlated ferromagnetic condensates. This state is maximally entangled and a generalization of the Bell state from two anti-correlated spin-1/2 particles to two anti-correlated spin$-N/2$ atomic samples, where $N$ is the total number of atoms.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in PRA
Priess, Maija: Die äthiopische Chrysostomos-Anaphora
Creators: name: Winkler, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
Metal-Insulator Transition and Band Magnetism in the Spin-$1/2$ Falicov-Kimball Model on A Triangular Lattice with External Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Yadav, Umesh K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ground state properties of the spin$-1/2$ Falicov-Kimball model on a triangular lattice in the presence of uniform external magnetic field are explored. Both the orbital and the Zeeman field-induced effects are taken into account and in each unit cell only rational flux fractions are considered. Numerical results, obtained with the help of Monte Carlo simulation algorithm, reveal that the ground state properties strongly depend on the onsite Coulomb correlation between itinerant and localized electrons, orbital magnetic field as well as the Zeeman splitting. Strikingly, for the on-site Coulomb correlation $U/t \approx 1$, the Zeeman splitting produces a phase transition from paramagnetic metal/insulator to ferromagnetic insulator/metal transition in the itinerant electron subsystem accompanied by the phase segregation to the bounded/regular phase in the localized electrons subsystem. For the onsite Coulomb correlation $U/t \approx 5$, although no metal to insulator transition is observed but a magnetic phase transition from paramagnetic phase to ferromagnetic phase in the itinerant electron subsystem is observed with the Zeeman splitting. These results are applicable to the layered systems e.g. cobaltates, rare earth and transition metal dichalcogenides, $GdI_{2}$, $NaTiO_{2}$, $NaVO_{2}$ and $Be_{x}Zn_{1-x}O$ etc. It has been also proposed that the results can be realized in the optical lattices with mixtures of light atoms and heavy atoms using the cold atomic techniques.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures
Bioinspired Decentralized Hexapod Control with a Graph Neural Network
Creators: name: Hermes, Luca
name: Hammer, Barbara
name: Schilling, Malte
Publisher: name: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference
Year: 2024

description: Legged locomotion enables animals to navigate challenging terrains. However, it demands intricate coordination between the legs, with varying levels of information exchange depending on the task. For instance, in more demanding scenarios such as an insect climbing on a twig, greater coordination between the legs is necessary to achieve adaptive behavior. To address this challenge for legged robots, we present a concept and preliminary results of a decentralized biologically inspired controller for a hexapod robot: Based on insights of coordination influences between legs in stick insects, our approach models inter-leg information flow as message passing through a Graph Neural Network.
description: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference, DataNinja sAIOnARA 2024 Conference
WAYS DONORS CAN HELP THE EVOLUTION OF SUSTAINABLE MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS
Creators: name: Schreiner, Mark
name: Schreiner, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper suggests ways donors can help the evolution of sustainable microfinance organizations. Sustainability is good because it helps MFOs help more poor people than otherwise. Sustainability is hard because it requires balancing outreach and sustainability with prices the poor can afford yet high enough to cover the costs of the MFO. Donors are like genetic engineers whose job is to speed the evolution of sturdy MFOs. Technical assistance is the best way to tinker with MFOs.
Electronic structure and the Fermi surface of ThRhIn$_5$ in comparison with uranium and transuranium compounds
Creators: name: Maehira, Takahiro
name: Hotta, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using a relativistic linear augmented-plane-wave method, we clarify energy band structure and the Fermi surfaces of recently synthesized thorium compound ThRhIn$_5$. We find several cylindrical Fermi surface sheets, which are similar to those of CeTIn$_5$ (T=Ir and Co), PuTGa$_5$ (T=Co and Rh), and AmCoGa$_5$. We discuss such similarity among the compounds including rare-earth or actinide ions with different $f$ electron numbers.
description: 2 pages, 2 figure, Proceedings of SCES'05 (July 26-30, 2005, Vienna)
Lutzka, Carolina: Die Kleinen Horen des byzantinischen Stundengebetes und ihre geschichtliche Entwicklung
Creators: name: Winkler, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
Oscillating vector solitary waves in soft laminates
Creators: name: Ziv, Ron
name: Shmuel, Gal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vector solitary waves are nonlinear waves of coupled polarizations that propagate with constant velocity and shape. In mechanics, they hold the potential to control locomotion, mitigate shocks and transfer information, among other functionalities. Recently, such elastic waves were numerically observed in compressible rubber-like laminates. Here, we conduct numerical experiments to characterize the possible vector solitary waves in these laminates, and expose a new type of waves whose amplitude and velocity oscillate periodically without dispersing in time. This oscillation is a manifestation of a periodic transfer of energy between the two wave polarizations, which we consider as internal mode of the solitary wave. We find that the vector solitary waves propagate faster at higher amplitudes, and determine a lower bound for their velocity. We describe a procedure for identifying which initial strains generate such vector solitary waves. This procedure also enables an additional classification between tensile and compressive solitary waves, according to the way that the axial strain changes as the waves propagate.
Scanning Gate Microscopy of Localized States in a gate-defined Bilayer Graphene Channel
Creators: name: Gold, Carolin
name: Kurzmann, Annika
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Ensslin, Klaus
name: Ihn, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Scanning Gate Microscopy to demonstrate the presence of localized states arising from potential inhomogeneities in a 50nm-wide, gate-defined conducting channel in encapsulated bilayer graphene. When imaging the channel conductance under the influence of a local tip-induced potential, we observe ellipses of enhanced conductance as a function of the tip position. These ellipses allow us to infer the location of the localized states and to study their dependence on the displacement field. For large displacement fields, we observe that localized states tend to occur halfway into the channel. All our observations can be well explained within the framework of stochastic Coulomb blockade.
The Ehrenfest urn revisited: Playing the game on a realistic fluid model
Creators: name: Scalas, Enrico
name: Martin, Edgar
name: Germano, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ehrenfest urn process, also known as the dogs and fleas model, is realistically simulated by molecular dynamics of the Lennard-Jones fluid. The key variable is Delta z, i.e. the absolute value of the difference between the number of particles in one half of the simulation box and in the other half. This is a pure-jump stochastic process induced, under coarse graining, by the deterministic time evolution of the atomic coordinates. We discuss the Markov hypothesis by analyzing the statistical properties of the jumps and of the waiting times between jumps. In the limit of a vanishing integration time-step, the distribution of waiting times becomes closer to an exponential and, therefore, the continuous-time jump stochastic process is Markovian. The random variable Delta z behaves as a Markov chain and, in the gas phase, the observed transition probabilities follow the predictions of the Ehrenfest theory.
description: Accepted by Physical Review E on 4 May 2007
Nonlinear Prediction in a Smart Shoe Insole
Creators: name: Vieth, Markus
Publisher: name: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference
Year: 2024

description: In our previous work, we have investigated different methods to compute the ideal placement of pressure sensors in a smart shoe insole. There, we used a linear model to predict the weight put on the foot/leg. In this work, we investigate how using a quadratic model instead changes the sensor placement and improves prediction performance.
description: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference, DataNinja sAIOnARA 2024 Conference
Special unitary particle pusher for extreme fields
Creators: name: Gordon, Daniel
name: Hafizi, Bahman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact momentum update useful for particle codes was previously given. The expressions involved were unwieldy. By treating the momentum as a representation of SU(2)xSU(2) instead of SO(3,1), a more compact expression for the exact momentum update is obtained. An expansion in powers of the timestep can be formulated such that invariance properties are exactly preserved, and push rates comparable to the standard Boris pusher are obtained.
Prediction of Intermuscular Co-contraction Based on the sEMG of Only One Muscle With the Same Biomechanical Direction of Action
Creators: name: Grimmelsmann, Nils
name: Mechtenberg, Malte
name: Vieth, Markus
name: Hammer, Barbara
name: Schneider, Axel
Publisher: name: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference
Year: 2024

description:  

Research aims to enhance physical abilities using exoskeletons and limb movement prediction. SEMG signals are used for intuitive control, but their measurement is limited to shallowly under-the-skin muscles, making deep muscle signals less frequently used.
Here we extended a previously proposed method to train a virtual sensor for the difficult to access muscles (deep muscles e.g. brachialis).
The method is extended from signals from the same muscle to intermuscular signals and the results confirm simple biomechanical assumptions. The trained virtual sensors are ready for further investigations by being used in a biomechanical model.
description: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference, DataNinja sAIOnARA 2024 Conference
Machine learning generated configurations in presence of a conserved quantity: a cautionary tale
Creators: name: Azizi, Ahmadreza
name: Pleimling, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the performance of machine learning algorithms trained exclusively with configurations obtained from importance sampling Monte Carlo simulations of the two-dimensional Ising model with conserved magnetization. For supervised machine learning, we use convolutional neural networks and find that the corresponding output not only allows to locate the phase transition point with high precision, it also displays a finite-size scaling characterized by an Ising critical exponent. For unsupervised learning, restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) are trained to generate new configurations that are then used to compute various quantities. We find that RBM is incapable of recognizing the conserved quantity and generates configurations with magnetizations and energies forbidden in the original physical system. The RBM generated configurations result in energy density probability distributions with incorrect weights as well as in wrong spatial correlations. We show that shortcomings are also encountered when training RBM with configurations obtained from the non-conserved Ising model.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, submitted for publication to the Physical Review E
AdS/CFT Duality and the Higgs Branch of ${\cal N}=2$ SYM
Creators: name: Guralnik, Zachary
name: Kovacs, Stefano
name: Kulik, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the AdS description of the Higgs branch of the finite {\cal N}=2 Sp(N) gauge theory with one antisymmetric hypermultiplet and four fundamental hypermultiplets. Holography, combined with the non-renormalization of the metric on the Higgs branch, leads to novel constraints on unknown terms in the non-abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld action. These terms include non-minimal couplings of D-branes to bulk supergravity fields.
description: 8 pages. Talk given by Z.G. at 37th International Symposium Ahrenshoop on the Theory of Elementary Particles
At work and play : philosophy and parody in the novels of Witold Gombrowicz
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Guy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the function of philosophy and parody in the novels and pseudo-autobiographical writings, in translation, of the Polish author Witold Gombrowicz (1904-1969). It is intended not as an introduction, but as an analysis and explication to readers already familiar with Gombrowicz's work. Problems: This thesis examines Gombrowicz's philosophical/theoretical system of Interhumanity, and elucidates such concepts within that system as the "individual," "inaccessibility," "inauthenticity," "Form," the "Formal Imperative," and "Chaos." It analyses the portrayal of Interhumanity within Gombrowicz's novels, and the various levels at which Interhumanity is illustrated as operating. It identifies, through Gombrowicz's system of Interhumanity, as well as through other aspects of his works, the function of paradox, parody and satire. Finally, it attempts to "situate" Gombrowicz within the paradigm of the 20l -century novel. Methods: The methodology employed consists of an examination of Gombrowicz's Diary and A Kind of Testament, for its arguments regarding Interhumanity; an examination of the novels Ferdydurke, Trans-Atlantyk, Pornografia, and Cosmos, to illustrate Gombrowicz's use of these novels as vehicles to portray the consequences of Interhumanity, at both the interpersonal and the communal level; an examination of the function of parody and satire in Gombrowicz's novels, and Gombrowicz's utilization of these devices to delineate his views on philosophy, art, and human behavior; and a discussion of Gombrowicz's context within the 20th-century novel through the analysis of his relationship to Modernism and postmodernism. Conclusions: Gombrowicz's system represents a serious intellectual attempt to describe the human condition, and in certain respects anticipates Existentialism, Structuralism, and poststructuralism. His novels function as vehicles for the delineation of Interhumanity, and thus of Gombrowicz's specific world-view, which posits an existence centered around the binary of pain and laughter. Gombrowicz further employs Interhumanity as a means of invoking his preferred literary techniques, parody and satire, as well as his predilection for paradoxes and antinomies. In terms of the 20th-century novel, Gombrowicz emerges as one of its major satirists and parodists, and as a precursor to the "postmodern" novel.
The Influence of Regional State Actors in Afghanistan’s Political Stability
Creators: name: Parkes, Aidan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study examines the influence of regional state actors in Afghanistan’s political stability post2001, focusing on armed extremism and the Afghan opium economy as the two primary factors of instability. The first section employs mainly qualitative research methods to draw conclusions, whilst the second section uses quantitative methods of research. Primary sources such as Wikileaks, “Diplomatic Cables,” and “The Afghan War Diary” are used in conjunction with informal interviews. This data is triangulated by secondary sources such as papers by the Brookings Institute and prior academic scholarship. The second section’s employment of quantitative correlational research uses data sourced from the World Bank, IMF, Transparency International, and Global Research Centre to synthesise relevant findings. The findings are then presented through theoretical frameworks within international relations theory. Barry Buzan’s “regional security complex theory” and the zero-sum game theory are used to fuel this analysis.
BANCOSOL: EL RETO DEL CRECIMIENTO EN ORGANIZACIONES DE MICROFINANZAS
Creators: name: Vega, Claudio Gonzalez
name: Schreiner, Mark
name: Meyer, Richard L.
name: Meza, Jorge Rodriguez
name: Navajas, Sergio
name: Vega, Claudio Gonzalez
name: Schreiner, Mark
name: Meyer, Richard L.
name: Meza, Jorge Rodriguez
name: Navajas, Sergio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Financial Economics

description: This paper focuses on the difficulties inherent in the prudent management of growth of microfinance organizations and on potential limits to the increased efficiency, profitability, and sustainability expected from growth and large size. The paper addresses both positive and negative implications of rapid growth for microfinance organizations. The experience of BancoSol in Bolivia is used to illustrate these questions. Building upon the successful experience of PRODEM, BancoSol was chartered as a private commercial bank in 1992. The paper discusses the intangible assets inherited from PRODEM that gave BancoSol a head start and the additional advantages that resulted from formalization as a bank, in particular from the authorization to mobilize deposits. BancoSol shows outstanding success in terms of breadth, depth, and quality of outreach and in terms of sustainability. It is the microfinance organization with the largest number of clients in Latin America and it reaches poor clients who could never expect to gain access to conventional financial institutions. The paper discusses the incentive structure associated with a lending technology that has resulted in low loan arrears and the cost-effective supply of small loans. Success is explained by a strong concern with financial viability, development of a lending technology appropriate for the market niche, a long learning period, and upgrading into a formal intermediary. As it grew, BancoSol had to face a reduction of revenues as a proportion of productive assets and an increase in the average cost of funds, which combined reduced its operating margin by 13 percentage points. This challenge was fully met by reducing operating expenses as a proportion of productive assets. While growth of PRODEM had been mostly constrained by too rigid access to donor funds, growth of BancoSol has been constrained by threats on asset quality and by diminishing marginal economies of size. Portfolio efficiency has grown steadily. This growth has been the net outcome, however, of reductions in transactions efficiency and of increases in average loan size after transformation into BancoSol. The paper explores the sources of increases in average loan size and it concludes that mission drift has not occurred at BancoSol, which continues to focus on small loans to microentrepreneurs. The evolution in transactions efficiency is related, in turn, to sources of extensive (installed capacity) and intensive (productivity) growth. Extensive growth has been rapid at BancoSol and it tends to dampen productivity increases. Finally, the paper reviews the pressures from growth on the original informal culture of the organization and the gradual establishment of more formal structures.
Application of Local Approaches to the Assessment of Fatigue Test results obtained for Welded Joints at Sub-Zero Temperatures
Creators: name: Braun, M.
name: Milaković, A. -S.
name: Renken, F.
name: Fricke, W.
name: Ehlers, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several studies have found significant increase in the fatigue strength of welded joints of structural steels at sub-zero temperatures. This study addresses the research by investigating the applicability of local fatigue assessment methods to welded joints exposed to sub-zero temperatures. For this purpose, fatigue test results of two fillet weld details with weld toe and weld root failure are evaluated at a range of temperatures using a variety of structural hot-spot and notch stress approaches, then are compared to the nominal stress approach. Large differences in prediction accuracy are found for the analysed assessment methods and both failure locations.
Advancements in Neural Network Generations
Creators: name: Sanaullah
name: Koravuna, Shamini
name: Rückert, Ulrich
name: Jungeblut, Thorsten
Publisher: name: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference
Year: 2024

description: Innovations in Neural Network Generation demonstrate the continual evolution, optimization, and development of artificial neural networks (ANNs) over periods. These improvements include a combination of methodologies, approaches, and technical breakthroughs aimed at increasing the efficiency and abilities of neural network models. Researchers and engineers have repeatedly attempted to push the boundaries of neural network performance, scalability, and applicability across multiple fields. These improvements usually involve changes to network designs, training algorithms, optimization methodologies, and hardware acceleration methods. Moreover, the neural network generations are closely related to key achievements in the machine learning (ML) research domain, such as the development of deep learning (DL) designs like convolutional neural network (CNN) or spiking neural network (SNN) and using both neural generations to introduce natural language processing and advances in computer vision applications. Thus, in the field of neural network study, researchers have categorized ANN models into generations based on their computational design and capabilities. Therefore, this research study explores the continual evolution and optimization of ANNs, highlighting advancements in methodologies and technical innovation. We discuss the different generations of ANN, based on computational design and capabilities, emphasizing their role in shaping achievements in ML research. The study underscores the significance of these generational milestones in enhancing the adaptability and efficacy of neural network models for computational tasks, such as image classification.
description: DataNinja sAIOnARA Conference, DataNinja sAIOnARA 2024 Conference
Effect of different heat treatments on the characteristics of Ras cheese during ripening
Creators: name: Hammam, Ahmed
name: Tammam, Adel A.
name: AbdEl-Rahim, Ali M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90805 Food Processing
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 90899 Food Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The effect of thermization and pasteurization on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of Ras cheese was studied. Ras cheese was made from raw, thermized, and pasteurized milk and ripened at 13 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 80 ± 5% for 3 mo. Cheeses were analyzed when fresh and after 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days of ripening for moisture, acidity, fat, soluble protein, total nitrogen, salt, and total volatile fatty acids. Also, cheeses were examined for flavour, appearance, body and texture through 3 mo. Cheese made from raw milk was scored much higher for flavour than those made from thermized and pasteurized milk. Cheese with high total volatile acidity was characterized by good flavour. On the other hand, thermized and pasteurized milk cheeses were characterized by more compact body and smoother texture, particularly pasteurized milk cheese. Few holes and cracks were seen in thermized and pasteurized milk cheese.
THE EFFECTS ON PEASANT HOUSEHOLDS OF ACCESS TO FORMAL DEPOSITS AND LOANS
Creators: name: Schreiner, Mark
name: Graham, Douglas H.
name: Miranda, Mario J.
name: Schreiner, Mark
name: Graham, Douglas H.
name: Miranda, Mario J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Consumer/Household Economics

description: A dynamic, stochastic, rational expectations model of a peasant household with access to deposits and loans (up to a credit limit) is solved and simulated. If formal contracts offer more favorable rates than informal contracts, then access to formal contracts increases average consumption and decreases its standard deviation.