cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Crystal growth, structural studies and superconducting properties of beta-pyrochlore KOs2O6
Creators: name: Schuck, G.
name: Kazakov, S. M.
name: Rogacki, K.
name: Zhigadlo, N. D.
name: Karpinski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystals of KOs2O6 have been grown in a sealed quartz ampoule. Detailed single crystal X-ray diffraction studies at room temperature show Bragg peaks that violate Fd-3m symmetry. With a comparative structure refinement the structure is identified as non-centrosymmetric (F-43m). Compared to the ideal beta-pyrochlore lattice (Fd-3m), both Os tetrahedral and O octahedral network exhibit breathing mode like volume changes accompanied by strong anisotropic character of the K channels. The crystals show metallic conductivity and a sharp transition to the superconducting state at Tc = 9.65 K. Superconducting properties have been investigated by magnetization measurements performed in a temperature range from 2 to 12 K and in magnetic fields from 0 to 60 kOe. The temperature dependence of the upper critical field Hc2(T) has been determined and the initial slope (dHc2/dT)Tc = -33.3 kOe/K has been obtained near Tc. The upper critical field at zero temperature was estimated to be Hc2(0) \cong 230 kOe, which is a value close to the Pauli paramagnetic limiting field Hp(0)\cong 250 kOe. Then, the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) coherence length xi GL(0) \approx 3.8 nm was calculated, and the Maki parameter alpha \approx \sqrt 2 was obtained, suggesting the possibility that KOs2O6 might behave unconventionally at low temperatures and high magnetic fields.
ENHANCING COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN THE HEALTHCARE SETTING: TEACHING ENGLISH FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Creators: name: Uktamov, Muhammadkarim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Effective communication is paramount in the medical field, where accurate information exchange significantly impacts patient outcomes. Non-native English-speaking medical students must learn English as a second language to ensure effective communication with patients, colleagues, and healthcare professionals. This article explores the importance of teaching English to medical students and provides insights into effective strategies and resources that enhance their English language proficiency in healthcare settings. The focus is on developing language skills in medical terminology, patient history-taking, and delivering patient-centered care. Equipping medical students with strong English language skills empowers them to provide high-quality healthcare services to diverse patient populations.
PP-waves with torsion and metric-affine gravity
Creators: name: Pasic, Vedad
name: Vassiliev, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A classical pp-wave is a 4-dimensional Lorentzian spacetime which admits a nonvanishing parallel spinor field; here the connection is assumed to be Levi-Civita. We generalise this definition to metric compatible spacetimes with torsion and describe basic properties of such spacetimes. We use our generalised pp-waves for constructing new explicit vacuum solutions of quadratic metric-affine gravity.
description: 17 pages, LaTeX2e
Additional file 1 of Compassionate drug (mis)use during pandemics: lessons for COVID-19 from 2009
Creators: name: Rojek, Amanda M.
name: Martin, Genevieve E.
name: Horby, Peter W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Checklist summarising compliance with MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Appendix 2. Details of search strategy. Appendix 3. Details of clinical registry search strategy and data extraction. Appendix 4. Studies included in systematic review. Appendix 5. Country level data demonstrating number of treatment courses described in the literature, and date of first enrolment in prospective research, where relevant. Appendix 6. Prisma flow diagram describing screening, eligibility and inclusion for clinical trial registration records for studies aimed at enrolling A(H1N1)pdm09 patients. Appendix 7. Enrolment metrics for studies enrolling A(H1N1)pdm09patients, when analysis is restricted to ‘serious’ and hospitalized patients. Appendix 8. Prisma flow diagram describing screening, eligibility and inclusion for clinical trial registration records for studies aimed at enrolling influenza patients, that were open during the pandemic period.
AUTOMATED IMAGE LOCALIZATION AND DAMAGE LEVEL EVALUATION FOR RAPID POST-EVENT BUILDING ASSESSMENT
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoyu
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Image data remains an important tool for post-event building assessment and documentation. After each natural hazard event, significant efforts are made by teams of engineers to visit the affected regions and collect useful image data. In general, a global positioning system (GPS) can provide useful spatial information for localizing image data. However, it is challenging to collect such information when images are captured in places where GPS signals are weak or interrupted, such as the indoor spaces of buildings. An inability to document the images’ locations would hinder the analysis, organization, and documentation of these images as they lack sufficient spatial context. This problem becomes more urgent to solve for the inspection mission covering a large area, like a community. To address this issue, the objective of this research is to generate a tool to automatically process the image data collected during such a mission and provide the location of each image. Towards this goal, the following tasks are performed. First, I develop a methodology to localize images and link them to locations on a structural drawing (Task 1). Second, this methodology is extended to be able to process data collected from a large scale area, and perform indoor localization for images collected on each of the indoor floors of each individual building (Task 2). Third, I develop an automated technique to render the damage condition decision of buildings by fusing the image data collected within (Task 3). The methods developed through each task have been evaluated with data collected from real world buildings. This research may also lead to automated assessment of buildings over a large scale area.
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND EXECUTIVE-EMPLOYEE RISK SHARING
Creators: name: Goldsmith, Peter D.
name: Basak, Rishi
name: Goldsmith, Peter D.
name: Basak, Rishi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agribusiness
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A principal-agent approach is used to address issues of environmental risk sharing within a firm. The principal (top management), fearing penalties for environmental damages, wants to avoid environmental harm and induce the agent (employee manipulating hazardous materials) to take appropriate actions to achieve due diligence.
Effect of uniaxial stress on the electronic band structure of NbP
Creators: name: Schindler, Clemens
name: Noky, Jonathan
name: Schmidt, Marcus
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Wosnitza, Jochen
name: Gooth, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Weyl semimetal NbP exhibits a very small Fermi surface consisting of two electron and two hole pockets, whose fourfold degeneracy in $k$ space is tied to the rotational symmetry of the underlying tetragonal crystal lattice. By applying uniaxial stress, the crystal symmetry can be reduced, which successively leads to a degeneracy lifting of the Fermi-surface pockets. This is reflected by a splitting of the Shubnikov-de Haas frequencies when the magnetic field is aligned along the $c$ axis of the tetragonal lattice. In this study, we present the measurement of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of single-crystalline NbP samples under uniaxial tension, combined with state-of-the-art calculations of the electronic band structure. Our results show qualitative agreement between calculated and experimentally determined Shubnikov-de Haas frequencies, demonstrating the robustness of the band-structure calculations upon introducing strain. Furthermore, we predict a significant shift of the Weyl points with increasing uniaxial tension, allowing for an effective tuning to the Fermi level at only 0.8% of strain along the $a$ axis.
description: 8 figures
USE OF TIME AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS: DOES STUDYING MATTER?
Creators: name: Zulauf, Carl R.
name: Gortner, Amy K.
name: Zulauf, Carl R.
name: Gortner, Amy K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: academic performance
subject: study time
subject: time management

description: Recursive regression analysis revealed time management skills and study time were positively related with quarter GPA for 93 students in three agricultural economics courses at Ohio State University. GPA increased only 0.04 points [4.0 scale] per additional study hour, suggesting substantial improvements in GPA require substantial increases in study time.
Polarizability and dynamic structure factor of the one-dimensional Bose gas near the Tonks-Girardeau limit at finite temperatures
Creators: name: Cherny, Alexander Yu.
name: Brand, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlation functions related to the dynamic density response of the one-dimensional Bose gas in the model of Lieb and Liniger are calculated. An exact Bose-Fermi mapping is used to work in a fermionic representation with a pseudopotential Hamiltonian. The Hartree-Fock and generalized random phase approximations are derived and the dynamic polarizability is calculated. The results are valid to first order in 1/γwhere γis Lieb-Liniger coupling parameter. Approximations for the dynamic and static structure factor at finite temperature are presented. The results preclude superfluidity at any finite temperature in the large-γregime due to the Landau criterion. Due to the exact Bose-Fermi duality, the results apply for spinless fermions with weak p-wave interactions as well as for strongly interacting bosons.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, the journal version
D8.2 Website design and content completed
Creators: name: , Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Institutional Change
Communication
Dissemination
RRI

description: This deliverable is part of Task 8.2 Project website and collaborative tools. The project website has been designed to achieve the following objectives: •Present the GRACE project towards external stakeholders, provide a summary of the project and introduce the project in the context of responsible research and innovation principles (RRI), explaining main objectives and project timeline. •Attract additional interested stakeholders via the platform and communication channels linked to it (social media, news and newsletters). •Share the project timeline and progress, events, project results and deliverables. The objectives of the collaborative platform are as follows: •Provide access to the collaborative platform (Sharepoint) to all consortium partners. •Streamline the project management processes and activities, improving internal communication and ensuring a more effective collaboration among partners •Provide real-time information and updates on the project to all partners in a transparent way. •Enhance collaboration and make it easier for partners that need to work together in one or more deliverables.
Direct and converse flexoelectricity in two-dimensional materials
Creators: name: Springolo, Matteo
name: Royo, Miquel
name: Stengel, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building on recent developments in electronic-structure methods, we define and calculate the flexoelectric response of two-dimensional (2D) materials fully from first principles. In particular, we show that the open-circuit voltage response to a flexural deformation is a fundamental linear-response property of the crystal that can be calculated within the primitive unit cell of the flat configuration. Applications to graphene, silicene, phosphorene, BN and transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers reveal that two distinct contributions exist, respectively of purely electronic and lattice-mediated nature. Within the former, we identify a key $metric$ term, consisting in the quadrupolar moment of the unperturbed charge density. We propose a simple continuum model to connect our findings with the available experimental measurements of the converse flexoelectric effect.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Tidal Capture of Stars by Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
Creators: name: Baumgardt, H.
name: Hopman, C.
name: Zwart, S. Portegies
name: Makino, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent X-ray observations and theoretical modelling have made it plausible that some ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) are powered by intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). N-body simulations have also shown that runaway merging of stars in dense star clusters is a way to form IMBHs. In the present paper we have performed N-body simulations of young clusters such as MGG-11 of M82 in which IMBHs form through runaway merging. We took into account the effect of tidal heating of stars by the IMBH to study the tidal capture and disruption of stars by IMBHs. Our results show that the IMBHs have a high chance of capturing stars through tidal heating within a few core relaxation times and we find that 1/3 of all runs contain a ULX within the age limits of MGG-11, a result consistent with the fact that a ULX is found in this galaxy. Our results strengthen the case for some ULX being powered by intermediate-mass black holes.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Three component model of cosmic ray spectra from 10 GeV to 100 PeV
Creators: name: Zatsepin, V. I.
name: Sokolskaya, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model to describe cosmic ray spectra in the energy region from 10 GeV to 100 PeV is suggested based on the assumption that Galactic cosmic ray flux is a mixture of fluxes accelerated by shocks from nova and supernova of different types. We analyze recent experimental data on cosmic ray spectra obtained in direct measurements above the atmosphere and data obtained with ground Extensive Air Shower arrays. The model of the three classes of cosmic ray sources is consistent with direct experimental data on cosmic ray elemental spectra and gives a smooth transition from the all particle spectrum measured in the direct experiments to the all particle spectrum measured with EAS.
description: Revised version accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5 pages, 6 figures, aa.cls
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada
Creators: name: Sanaullah, Irum
name: Alsaleh, Nael
name: Djavadian, Shadi
name: Farooq, Bilal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid increase in the cyber-physical nature of transportation, availability of GPS data, mobile applications, and effective communication technologies have led to the emergence of On-Demand Transit (ODT) systems. In September 2018, the City of Belleville in Canada started an on-demand public transit pilot project, where the late-night fixed-route (RT 11) was substituted with the ODT providing a real-time ride-hailing service. We present an in-depth analysis of the spatio-temporal demand and supply, level of service, and origin and destination patterns of Belleville ODT users, based on the data collected from September 2018 till May 2019. The independent and combined effects of the demographic characteristics (population density, working-age, and median income) on the ODT trip production and attraction levels were studied using GIS and the K-means machine learning clustering algorithm. The results indicate that ODT trips demand is highest for 11:00 pm-11:45 pm during the weekdays and 8:00 pm-8:30 pm during the weekends. We expect this to be the result of users returning home from work or shopping. Results showed that 39% of the trips were found to have a waiting time of smaller than 15 minutes, while 28% of trips had a waiting time of 15-30 minutes. The dissemination areas with higher population density, lower median income, or higher working-age percentages tend to have higher ODT trip attraction levels, except for the dissemination areas that have highly attractive places like commercial areas.
New Methods to Improve Large-Scale Microscopy Image Analysis with Prior Knowledge and Uncertainty
Creators: name: Stegmaier, Johannes
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2017
Subjects: 3D Bildanalyse
Entwicklungsbiologie
Algorithmen
Data Mining
Software
3D Image Analysis
Developmental Biology
Algorithms

description: Multidimensional imaging techniques provide powerful ways to examine various kinds of scientific questions. The routinely produced data sets in the terabyte-range, however, can hardly be analyzed manually and require an extensive use of automated image analysis. The present work introduces a new concept for the estimation and propagation of uncertainty involved in image analysis operators and new segmentation algorithms that are suitable for terabyte-scale analyses of 3D+t microscopy images.
RURAL ASSISTANCE LEVELS: THE INFLUENCE OF POLICIES AND WORLD PRICE CHANGES
Creators: name: Haynes, J.E.
name: Haynes, J.E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Agribusiness
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Two aspects of effective rates of assistance for Australian agricultural industries are examined. The long-term rate, rather than the rate for a single year, is determined and a rationale is sought for the pattern of assistance that emerges. Second, the influence of exogenous factors (as represented by changes in world prices) on assistance rates is examined. Assistance elasticities are calculated for the major agricultural commodities and estimates made of the likely change in the pattern of assistance rates from any general world price change. In addition, commodities with assistance rates potentially very different from existing rates are identified. Price transmission elasticities are also derived to indicate the degree of insulation that the various policies provide for each commodity.
title: Tourism and Arctic observation systems: Exploring the relationships
Creators: name: De La Barre, Suzanne
name: Maher, Patrick
name: Dawson, Jackie
name: Hillmer-Pegram, Kevin
name: Huijbens, Edward
name: Lamers, Machiel
name: Liggett, Daniela
name: Müller, Dieter
name: Pashkevich, Albina
name: Stewart, Emma
Publisher: name: Norwegian Polar Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Arctic regions
subject: Tourism--Arctic regions

description: This article was originally published as: de la Barre, S., Maher, P., Dawson, J., Hillmer-Pegram, K., Huijbens, E., Lamers, M., Liggett, D., Müller, D., Pashkevich, A., & Stewart, E. (2016). Tourism and Arctic observation systems: Exploring the relationships. Polar Research, 35, 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.24980
description: The Arctic is affected by global environmental change and also by diverse interests from many economic sectors and industries. Over the last decade, various actors have attempted to explore the options for setting up integrated and comprehensive trans-boundary systems for monitoring and observing these impacts. These Arctic Observation Systems (AOS) contribute to the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of environmental change and responsible social and economic development in the Arctic. The aim of this article is to identify the two-way relationship between AOS and tourism. On the one hand, tourism activities account for diverse changes across a broad spectrum of impact fields.Onthe other hand, due to its multiple and diverse agents and farreaching activities, tourism is also well-positioned to collect observational data and participate as an actor in monitoring activities. To accomplish our goals, we provide an inventory of tourism-embedded issues and concerns of interest to AOS from a range of destinations in the circumpolar Arctic region, including Alaska, Arctic Canada, Iceland, Svalbard, the mainland European Arctic and Russia. The article also draws comparisons with the situation in Antarctica. On the basis of a collective analysis provided by members of the International Polar Tourism Research Network from across the polar regions, we conclude that the potential role for tourism in the development and implementation of AOS is significant and has been overlooked.
THE IMPACT OF QUOTAS ON THE SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA FISHERY
Creators: name: Kennedy, John O.S.
name: Watkins, James W.
name: Kennedy, John O.S.
name: Watkins, James W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Recent increases in the harvests of southern bluefin tuna, particularly by Australian fishermen, have led to the recognition that the fishery is overexploited. A model is developed to examine the effects that quotas on Australian and Japanese harvesting would have on economic welfare and on stock levels. Recursive quadratic programming is used to simulate harvesting decisions through time, with and without the imposition of quotas.
Additional file 1 of Exploring perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as they relate to medication adherence at an out-patient primary care clinic in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Creators: name: Wichuda Jiraporncharoen
name: Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish
name: Korsin Junjom
name: Nisachol Dejkriengkraikul
name: Anawat Wisetborisut
name: Iliatha Papachristou
name: Ahmar Hashmi
name: Angkurawaranon, Chaisiri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
A NONPARAMETRIC EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS FOR A SAMPLE OF KANSAS SWINE OPERATIONS
Creators: name: Rowland, William W.
name: Langemeier, Michael R.
name: Schurle, Bryan W.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Rowland, William W.
name: Langemeier, Michael R.
name: Schurle, Bryan W.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Cost frontier
subject: Farrow-to-finish
subject: Minimum efficient scale
subject: Overall efficiency

description: This study evaluates the economic competitiveness of a sample of Kansas farrow-to-finish operations by estimating relative firm efficiency using nonparametric mathematical programming techniques. Measures of technical, allocative, scale, economic, and overall efficiency are then related to farm characteristics to identify sources of efficiency. Results indicate that overall efficient farms produce a high quantity of pork per litter, produce a portion of their own feed grains, generate a large portion of their income from swine and other livestock enterprises, and have a lower debt-to-asset ratio.
Semiclassical approximation to supersymmetric quantum gravity
Creators: name: Kiefer, Claus
name: Lueck, Tobias
name: Moniz, Paulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a semiclassical approximation scheme for the constraint equations of supersymmetric canonical quantum gravity. This is achieved by a Born-Oppenheimer type of expansion, in analogy to the case of the usual Wheeler-DeWitt equation. The formalism is only consistent if the states at each order depend on the gravitino field. We recover at consecutive orders the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, the functional Schrodinger equation, and quantum gravitational correction terms to this Schrodinger equation. In particular, the following consequences are found: (i) the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and therefore the background spacetime must involve the gravitino, (ii) a (many fingered) local time parameter has to be present on $SuperRiem Σ$ (the space of all possible tetrad and gravitino fields), (iii) quantum supersymmetric gravitational corrections affect the evolution of the very early universe. The physical meaning of these equations and results, in particular the similarities to and differences from the pure bosonic case, are discussed.
description: 34 pages, clarifications added, typos corrected
Learning Sampling Distributions Using Local 3D Workspace Decompositions for Motion Planning in High Dimensions
Creators: name: Chamzas, Constantinos
name: Kingston, Zachary
name: Quintero-Peña, Carlos
name: Shrivastava, Anshumali
name: Kavraki, Lydia E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Earlier work has shown that reusing experience from prior motion planning problems can improve the efficiency of similar, future motion planning queries. However, for robots with many degrees-of-freedom, these methods exhibit poor generalization across different environments and often require large datasets that are impractical to gather. We present SPARK and FLAME , two experience-based frameworks for sampling-based planning applicable to complex manipulators in 3 D environments. Both combine samplers associated with features from a workspace decomposition into a global biased sampling distribution. SPARK decomposes the environment based on exact geometry while FLAME is more general, and uses an octree-based decomposition obtained from sensor data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SPARK and FLAME on a Fetch robot tasked with challenging pick-and-place manipulation problems. Our approaches can be trained incrementally and significantly improve performance with only a handful of examples, generalizing better over diverse tasks and environments as compared to prior approaches.
description: Accepted in International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2021. Nominated for Best Paper in Cognitive Robotics. Supplementary video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cH4_lIjjs58 Code: https://github.com/KavrakiLab/pyre
Critical GIS : theorizing an emerging science
Creators: name: Schuurman, Nadine Cato
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This research takes as its starting point the past decade of critiques from human geographers, and proposes an alternate model for appraisals of technology. The first section begins with an analysis of the bases and motivation of external assessments of GIS. A historiographical account reveals that the critical impulse among human geographers was not static, but evolved to incorporate greater subtlety based on cooperation with GIS scholars. Critiques from human geographers, nevertheless, had a profound impact on the discipline, and practitioners of GIS frequently felt that their perspectives on issues including the roots of GIS, its epistemological bases, and its ethics had been undervalued by critics. A re-analysis of critiques, from the perspectives of GIS practitioners, investigates objections to critical accounts of the technology. The second half of the research builds upon existing critiques and responses to them, but asks the question, "is there a more constructive means to engage with technology, from a theoretical perspective?" Two contemporary research questions in GIS are investigated, as a means of establishing a preliminary methodology for critique that engages with GIS at a conceptual, as well as a technical level. Factors that have influenced the progress of automated generalization are examined in some detail. The argument is made that both social and digital parameters define the technology, and it is unproductive to focus on one at the expense of the other. The second research question concerns data models and the extent to which fields and objects are inevitable. The case is made that a web of historical and scientific justification has prevented researchers from seeking alternatives to the atomic and plenum views of space. Finally, an appeal is made for continued theoretical examination of the technology as part of an effort to develop geographic information science.
The circular economy in transforming a died heritage site into a living ecosystem, to be managed as a complex adaptive organism
Creators: name: Fusco Girard, Luigi
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2021

description: Climate change is a consequence of our difficulty to manage the currently conflicts and contradictions. It is configured as a process that makes human life on Earth increasingly uninhabitable, making the relationship between the Earth’s ecosystem and humanity increasingly difficult. A fundamental cause of the climate change is the way in which economic wealth is produced and distributed. The current economy produces also ecological and social poverty. The adaptive reuse of cultural assets is proposed in the general framework of the Green New Deal of European Union, assuming the circular economy model for re-integrating economy into ecology. The aim of the paper is to identify how to transform a died heritage site into a living system, to be managed as a complex adaptive system, discussing the ways in which adaptive reuse can be implemented as the entry point for implementing the circular city.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 77 (2020)
Removing non-physical structure in fitted Faraday rotated signals: non-parametric QU-fitting
Creators: name: Pratley, Luke
name: Johnston-Hollitt, Melanie
name: Gaensler, Bryan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Next-generation spectro-polarimetric broadband surveys will probe cosmic magnetic fields in unprecedented detail, using the magneto-optical effect known as Faraday rotation. However, non-parametric methods such as RMCLEAN can introduce non-observable linearly polarized flux into a fitted model at negative wavelengths squared. This leads to Faraday rotation structures that are consistent with the observed data, but would be impossible or difficult to measure. We construct a convex non-parametric $QU$-fitting algorithm to constrain the flux at negative wavelengths squared to be zero. This allows the algorithm to recover structures that are limited in complexity to the observable region in wavelength squared. We verify this approach on simulated broadband data sets where we show that it has a lower root mean square error and that it can change the scientific conclusions for real observations. We advise using this prior in next-generation broadband surveys that aim to uncover complex Faraday depth structures. We provide a public Python implementation of the algorithm at \url{https://github.com/Luke-Pratley/Faraday-Dreams}.
description: 9 Pages, 5 Figures. Accepted into PASA
Atomic Parity Non-Conservation, Neutron Radii, and Effective Field Theories of Nuclei
Creators: name: Sil, Tapas
name: Centelles, M.
name: Vinas, X.
name: Piekarewicz, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurately calibrated effective field theories are used to compute atomic parity non-conserving (APNC) observables. Although accurately calibrated, these effective field theories predict a large spread in the neutron skin of heavy nuclei. While the neutron skin is strongly correlated to a large number of physical observables, in this contribution we focus on its impact on new physics through APNC observables. The addition of an isoscalar-isovector coupling constant to the effective Lagrangian generates a wide range of values for the neutron skin of heavy nuclei without compromising the success of the model in reproducing well constrained nuclear observables. Earlier studies have suggested that the use of isotopic ratios of APNC observables may eliminate their sensitivity to atomic structure. This leaves nuclear structure uncertainties as the main impediment for identifying physics beyond the standard model. We establish that uncertainties in the neutron skin of heavy nuclei are at present too large to measure isotopic ratios to better than the 0.1% accuracy required to test the standard model. However, we argue that such uncertainties will be significantly reduced by the upcoming measurement of the neutron radius in 208Pb at the Jefferson Laboratory.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, revtex4; one figure added
Adversarial Attacks on Classifiers for Eye-based User Modelling
Creators: name: Hagestedt, Inken
name: Backes, Michael
name: Bulling, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5

description: An ever-growing body of work has demonstrated the rich information content available in eye movements for user modelling, e.g. for predicting users' activities, cognitive processes, or even personality traits. We show that state-of-the-art classifiers for eye-based user modelling are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples: small artificial perturbations in gaze input that can dramatically change a classifier's predictions. We generate these adversarial examples using the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) that linearises the gradient to find suitable perturbations. On the sample task of eye-based document type recognition we study the success of different adversarial attack scenarios: with and without knowledge about classifier gradients (white-box vs. black-box) as well as with and without targeting the attack to a specific class, In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility of defending against adversarial attacks by adding adversarial examples to a classifier's training data.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Health may be compromised by social interactions depending on culture among postpartum Arab and Jewish Israeli women
Creators: name: Puddister, Sadie
name: Ali-Saleh, Ola
name: Cohen-Dar, Michal
name: Baron-Epel, Orna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 1.
IMPORT PRICES AND HARD CURRENCY CONSTRAINTS IN EASTERN EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR COARSE GRAIN IMPORTS AND PRODUCTION OF MEAT
Creators: name: Garcia, Roberto J.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Gomez, Miguel I.
name: Garcia, Roberto J.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Gomez, Miguel I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Coarse grain imports
subject: Hard currency
subject: Eastern Europe
subject: Import prices
subject: Meat production
subject: Political reforms

description: The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the degree to which hard currency earnings constrained overall imports and coarse grain imports in command economies; (b) to measure the importance of import prices on grain imports and to trace the link of grain availability to meat production; and (c) to determine how economic and political reforms in the selected countries may have affected the hard currency constraint, the importance of import prices, and grain imports and meat production. The results indicate that import demand was constrained by earnings of hard currency, but was not responsive to world prices, and meat production was affected by total grain availability, including imports.
Destination of the waste generated by a steelmaking plant: a case study in Latin America
Creators: name: Sellitto, Miguel Alfonso
name: Murakami, Fábio Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2021

description: The purpose of this article is to identify the destination given by a steelmaking plant located in Brazil to the waste it generates. The research method is a case study. The primary research techniques are interviews with practitioners and scholars, visits to the steel plant and applications, and analysis of internal documentation. The main contribution is a complete case in a large company that generates a significant amount of waste. For each ton of steel, an ordinary steel plant generates approximately 0.6 tons of waste, such as steelmaking slag, electric arc furnace dust, mill scale, and zinc sludge. The slag routes to the conservation of unpaved roads, the electric arc furnace dust routes to Zamak manufacturers and earthworks activities, the mill scale routes to the cement and machinery construction industries, and the zinc sludge helps to produce new zinc ingots. The main obstacles for more elaborate destinations are the lack of research, logistics cost, and the need for environmental licenses.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 77 (2020)
A 2-Dimensional Cellular Automaton for Agents Moving from Origins to Destinations
Creators: name: Moussa, Najem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a two-dimensional cellular automaton (CA) as a simple model for agents moving from origins to destinations. Each agent moves towards an empty neighbor site corresponding to the minimal distance to its destination. The stochasticity or noise ($p$) is introduced in the model dynamics, through the uncertainty in estimating the distance from the destination. The friction parameter $"μ"$ is also introduced to control the probability that the movement of all agents involved to the same site (conflict) is denied at one time step. This model displays two states; namely the freely moving and the jamming state. If $μ$ is large and $p$ is low, the system is in the jamming state even if the density is low. However, if $μ$ is large and $p$ is high, a freely moving state takes place whenever the density is low. The cluster size and the travel time distributions in the two states are studied in detail. We find that only very small clusters are present in the freely moving state while the jamming state displays a bimodal distribution. At low densities, agents can take a very long time to reach their destinations if $μ$ is large and $p$ is low (jamming state); but long travel times are suppressed if $p$ becomes large (freely moving state).
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
RECYCLING, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTION: THE EFFECT OF INCREASED U.S. PAPER RECYCLING ON U.S. IMPORT DEMAND FOR CANADIAN PAPER
Creators: name: Michael, Jeffrey A.
name: Michael, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Import demand
subject: Paper industry
subject: Pollution
subject: Recycling

description: The quantity of paper recycled in the U.S. has more than doubled since 1985. International trade theory predicts that this will lead to reduced imports of paper, and a shift in domestic production toward waste paper intensive outputs (e.g., newsprint) and away from higher grade products such as printing/writing paper. Import demand elasticities with respect to input prices were estimated for newsprint, printing/writing, and all paper utilizing 20 years of monthly data. The empirical results confirm the predictions of theory, and illustrate a channel through which recycling may be more beneficial for U.S. industry than the domestic environment.
Ordinarietà: applicazione, implicazioni ed integrazioni
Creators: name: Carbone, Francesco
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2021

description: Despite the long time since individuals have started to evaluate goods, as well as the first estimation treaties date back to the XVIII century, a shared epistemological framework of evaluation discipline have not yet been produced. The growing demand of market values and the expansion of the estimates have greatly reduced the role of ordinariness principle. Scope of application, implementation mode, as well implications underlying its adoption, should be object of investigation in order to define what it is the currently context for its better use. At the same time, the evolution of the market and the socio-economic context call for its support with other principles. These have to be able to ensure appropriate and pro-active theoretical frameworks for answering at new types of value, both for new markets and also for not-market oriented evaluations.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 77 (2020)
Quantum criticality of a Fermi gas with a spherical dispersion minimum
Creators: name: Yang, Kun
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the quantum phase transition of a Fermi gas occurring when the quasiparticle excitation energy has a minimum in momentum space which crosses zero on a sphere of radius k_0 \neq 0. The quasiparticles have a universal interaction which controls the physical properties in vicinity of the quantum critical point. We discuss applications to fermionic superfluids formed by pairing two fermion species, near the point where the densities of the two species become unequal.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; (v2) added clarifications in response to comments; (v3) published version with correction to lifetime result
Additional file 2 of Clinical features as predictors of histologically confirmed inflammation in patients with lumbar disc herniation with associated radiculopathy
Creators: name: Ford, Jon J.
name: Kaddour, Omar
name: Gonzales, Michael
name: Page, Patrick
name: Hahne, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Univariate analysis of dichotomous variables for predicting histologically confirmed inflammation.
Assessing the effects of “appeal to authority” in the evaluation of environmental goods. Evidences from an economic experiment in Mt Etna, Italy
Creators: name: Pappalardo, Gioacchino
name: Toscano, Sabrina
name: Pecorino, Biagio
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2020

description: In this study we aim to assess how public opinion perceives the value of dry-stone walls in the terraced vineyards of Mt Etna (Italy), recently named intangible cultural heritage of Humanity by UNESCO because they are an “example of human manufacture realized in perfect harmony with the environment”. We referred to the concept of “appeal to authority” that is a form of defeasible argument in which a claimed authority’s support is used as evidence for an argument’s conclusion. By a Contingent Valuation approach, we showed that the authoritative role of UNESCO affected people’s willingness to pay to preserve dry-stone walls in the terraced vineyards in Mt. Etna. The role of the Institutions dedicated to the protection of environmental goods appears relevant in promoting the preservation of environmental resources for future generations.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 77 (2020)
Conserved Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum Hall Current in a Two-Dimensional Electron System with Rashba and Dresselhaus Spin-orbit Coupling
Creators: name: Chen, Tsung-Wei
name: Huang, Chih-Meng
name: Guo, G. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the spin and orbital angular momentum (OAM) Hall effect in a high mobility two-dimensional electron system with Rashba and Dresselhuas spin-orbit coupling by introducing both the spin and OAM torque corrections, respectively, to the spin and OAM currents. We find that when both bands are occupied, the spin Hall conductivity is still a constant (i.e., independent of the carrier density) which, however, has an opposite sign to the previous value. The spin Hall conductivity in general would not be cancelled by the OAM Hall conductivity. The OAM Hall conductivity is also independent of the carrier density but depends on the strength ratio of the Rashba to Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling, suggesting that one can manipulate the total Hall current through tuning the Rashba coupling by a gate voltage. We note that in a pure Rashba system, though the spin Hall conductivity is exactly cancelled by the OAM Hall conductivity due to the angular momentum conservation, the spin Hall effect could still manifest itself as nonzero magnetization Hall current and finite magnetization at the sample edges because the magnetic dipole moment associated with the spin of an electron is twice as large as that of the OAM. We also evaluate the electric field-induced OAM and discuss the origin of the OAM Hall current. Finally, we find that the spin and OAM Hall conductivities are closely related to the Berry vector (or gauge) potential.
description: latest revised version; Accepted for publication in Physical Review B
COSTS OF IMPROVING FOOD SAFETY IN THE MEAT SECTOR
Creators: name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Unnevehr, Laurian J.
name: Gomez, Miguel I.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Unnevehr, Laurian J.
name: Gomez, Miguel I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food safety
subject: Meat processing
subject: Regulation

description: Recently enacted food safety regulations require processors to meet product standards for microbial contamination in meat products. An analysis of the cost-effectiveness of several technological interventions for microbial control in beef and pork processing shows that marginal improvements in food safety can be obtained, but at increasing costs. The additional food safety intervention costs represent about 1% of total processing costs for beef and pork. Some interventions and combinations are more cost-effective than others.
Additional file 3 of Clinical features as predictors of histologically confirmed inflammation in patients with lumbar disc herniation with associated radiculopathy
Creators: name: Ford, Jon J.
name: Kaddour, Omar
name: Gonzales, Michael
name: Page, Patrick
name: Hahne, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Univariate analysis of ordinal, continuous, and multi-nominal variables for predicting histologically confirmed inflammation.