cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dielectric properties of nano-confined water: a canonical thermopotentiostat approach
Creators: name: Deißenbeck, F.
name: Freysoldt, C.
name: Todorova, M.
name: Neugebauer, J.
name: Wippermann, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel approach to sample the canonical ensemble at constant temperature and applied electric potential. Our approach can be straightforwardly implemented into any density-functional theory code. Using thermopotentiostat molecular dynamics simulations allows us to compute the dielectric constant of nano-confined water without any assumptions for the dielectric volume. Compared to the commonly used approach of calculating dielectric properties from polarization fluctuations, our thermopotentiostat technique reduces the required computational time by two orders of magnitude.
In situ solidification of eutectic Al-33wt%Cu droplets
Creators: Valloton, J.
Mahdi, N.
Rabago, L.
Chung, J.
Henein, H.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Al-33wt%Cu eutectic droplets were rapidly solidified using Impulse Atomization, a drop tube technique. The samples were then processed in situ in an SEM using an HTN-0101 MEMS heating chip manufactured by Norcada. The temperature of the chip, as well as the heating and cooling rates, can be easily set using the chip's control software, allowing for heating and cooling rates as fast as 1000°C/second. The droplets were heated above the eutectic melting temperature. Thanks to the oxide skin, the droplets retained their spherical shape, which allowed in situ solidification experiments. The live feed of the surface of the droplet obtained with the SEM was recorded during the experiments alongside the temperature-time profile. Various cooling rates were imposed and the liquid samples were shown to undercool prior to solidification. The resulting eutectic morphologies and spacings were then analyzed as a function of the cooling rates and undercoolings.
A SURVEY OF STATISTICAL METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING RISK OF LOW BACK PAIN IN A COHORT OF MANUFACTURING WORKERS
Creators: name: Ingulli, Charles
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Longitudinal or panel studies involve taking repeated measurements on individuals and monitoring their status over time. Depending on the goals of the study, a variety of analysis methods may be appropriate for addressing specific research questions. This thesis presents a survey of statistical methods that can be used to analyze such data. Regression models for count data focus on the rate of occurrence of specific events. Survival analysis is particularly effective at modeling event relative risk in the presence of censored data. For repeated events of the same type, random subject effects can be included to take into account within subject variation. Multi-state models can characterize the entire event progression history when more than one status variable is tracked over time. We offer applications of each aforementioned method to a cohort study on the severity of low back pain in manufacturing and production industries. Assumptions and requirements of each method are discussed as well as inference and interpretation. This analysis is particularly useful for learning about these types of disorders as researchers can develop better job risk assessment to benefit industry.
Coupling Constant Unification in Extensions of Standard Model
Creators: name: Li, Ling-Fong
name: Wu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unification of electromagnetic, weak, and strong coupling constants is studied in the extension of standard model with additional fermions and scalars. It is remarkable that this unification in the supersymmetric extension of standard model yields a value of Weinberg angle which agrees very well with experiments. We discuss the other possibilities which can also give same result.
description: 13 pages, equations, additional references added
MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS OF SKEW POSTERIOR DISTRIBUTIONS: AN ILLUSTRATIVE ECONOMETRIC EXAMPLE
Creators: name: Van Dijk, H. K.
name: Kloek, T.
name: Van Dijk, H. K.
name: Kloek, T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The posterior distribution of a small scale illustrative econometric model is used to compare symmetric simple importance sampling with asymmetric simple importance sampling. The numerical results include posterior first and second order moments,- numerical error estimates of the first order moments, posterior modes, univariate marginal posterior densities and bivariate marginal posterior densities plotted in three-dimensional figures.
Additional file 1 of Efficiency of primary spine care as compared to conventional primary care: a retrospective observational study at an Academic Medical Center
Creators: name: Bezdjian, Serena
name: Whedon, James M.
name: Russell, Robb
name: Goehl, Justin M.
name: Kazal, Louis A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Appendix.
POSTERIOR MOMENTS OF THE KLEIN-GOLDBERGER MODEL
Creators: name: Van Dijk, H. K.
name: Kloek, T.
name: Van Dijk, H. K.
name: Kloek, T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Bayesian analysis is applied to the structural form of the revised Klein-Goldberger model; see Klein (1969). The evaluation of the posterior moments involves thirty-dimensional numerical integration. For computational purposes use is made of the method of mixed integration; see van Dijk and Kloek (1981). The results suggest that the local approximation of the covariance matrix around the posterior mode differs considerably from the covariance matrix around the posterior mean for a subset of parameters of interest. The results also indicate strong collinearity in several equations. As a consequence precise estimation of the lag structure of these equations appears difficult.
A SURVEY OF STATISTICAL METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING RISK OF LOW BACK PAIN IN A COHORT OF MANUFACTURING WORKERS
Creators: name: Ingulli, Charles
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 4905
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Longitudinal or panel studies involve taking repeated measurements on individuals and monitoring their status over time. Depending on the goals of the study, a variety of analysis methods may be appropriate for addressing specific research questions. This thesis presents a survey of statistical methods that can be used to analyze such data. Regression models for count data focus on the rate of occurrence of specific events. Survival analysis is particularly effective at modeling event relative risk in the presence of censored data. For repeated events of the same type, random subject effects can be included to take into account within subject variation. Multi-state models can characterize the entire event progression history when more than one status variable is tracked over time. We offer applications of each aforementioned method to a cohort study on the severity of low back pain in manufacturing and production industries. Assumptions and requirements of each method are discussed as well as inference and interpretation. This analysis is particularly useful for learning about these types of disorders as researchers can develop better job risk assessment to benefit industry.
A Measurement of the Electromagnetic Luminosity of a Kerr Black Hole
Creators: name: McKinney, Jonathan C.
name: Gammie, Charles F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some active galactic nuclei, microquasars, and gamma ray bursts may be powered by the electromagnetic braking of a rapidly rotating black hole. We investigate this possibility via axisymmetric numerical simulations of a black hole surrounded by a magnetized plasma. The plasma is described by the equations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, and the effects of radiation are neglected. The evolution is followed for $2000 G M/c^3$, and the computational domain extends from inside the event horizon to typically $40 G M/c^2$. We compare our results to two analytic steady state models, including the force-free magnetosphere of Blandford & Znajek. Along the way we present a self-contained rederivation of the Blandford-Znajek model in Kerr-Schild (horizon penetrating) coordinates. We find that (1) low density polar regions of the numerical models agree well with the Blandford-Znajek model; (2) many of our models have an outward Poynting flux on the horizon in the Kerr-Schild frame; (3) none of our models have a net outward energy flux on the horizon; and (4) one of our models, in which the initial disk has net magnetic flux, shows a net outward angular momentum flux on the horizon. We conclude with a discussion of the limitations of our model, astrophysical implications, and problems to be addressed by future numerical experiments.
description: 45 pages, 11 Postscript figures, 4 tables, uses subfigure.sty, ApJ, in press
Phenomenological consequences of a geometry in the cotangent bundle
Creators: name: Relancio, J. J.
name: Liberati, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A deformed relativistic kinematics can be understood within a geometrical framework through a maximally symmetric momentum space. However, when considering this kind of approach, usually one works in a flat spacetime and in a curved momentum space. In this paper, we will discuss a possible generalization to take into account both curvatures and some possible observable effects. We will first explain how to construct a metric in the cotangent bundle in order to have a curved spacetime with a nontrivial geometry in momentum space and the relationship with an action in phase space characterized by a deformed Casimir. Then, we will study within this proposal two different space-time geometries. In the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe, we will see the modifications in the geodesics (redshift, luminosity distance and geodesic expansion) due to a momentum dependence of the metric in the cotangent bundle. Also, we will see that when the spacetime considered is a Schwarzschild black hole, one still has a common horizon for particles with different energies, differently from a Lorentz invariance violation case. However, the surface gravity computed as the peeling off of null geodesics is energy dependent.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Hundred year projected carbon loads and species compositions for four National Forests in the northwestern USA
Creators: name: Fekety, Patrick A.
name: Crookston, Nicholas L.
name: Hudak, Andrew T.
name: Filippelli, Steven K.
name: Vogeler, Jody C.
name: Falkowski, Michael J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional File 1. Additional figures and table.
Additional file 10 of Functional characterization of 5′ UTR cis-acting sequence elements that modulate translational efficiency in Plasmodium falciparum and humans
Creators: name: Garcia, Valentina E.
name: Dial, Rebekah
name: DeRisi, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 10: Fig. S5. To eliminate all downstream stop sites for moving the out of frame non-terminated uAUG, 6-point mutations had to be added to the 5′ UTR. R[Δ1:Δ2:Δ4]* was made with those point mutations to compare to R[Δ1:Δ2:Δ4]. Graphed for each is the average and SEM of log2(each triplicate value/ average of R[Δ1:Δ2:Δ3:Δ4] experimental triplicates).
SPATIAL PATTERNS IN ARRESTS BY RACE IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA AND WASHINGTON, D.C.
Creators: name: Eberlein, Marie
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Geographical analysis, and spatial statistics more specifically, have been widely used in understanding spatial patterns in crime, as well as in public health data. The spatial scan statistic and a spatial autoregressive model are used here on arrest data in northern Virginia and Washington, D.C. to identify clusters in arrests and check for spatial autocorrelation of the arrests. The spatial scan statistic identifies a number of clusters, with the largest encompassing most of southeast D.C. Adjusting the scan statistic for the race of the individuals arrested, there is a change in the cluster locations. Areas with a large Black population have fewer clusters after the adjustment while new clusters appear in areas with a small Black population but comparatively high number of Black people arrested, suggesting that racial bias among police or community members is affecting arrests. There are also a number of clusters that occur due to a courthouse, jail, or mall in the Census tract, where the high number of arrests is not well predicted by the explanatory variables used for modeling. There is some evidence of spatial autocorrelation in the data, but the variation in the full dataset is largely explained by covariates in the model representing demographic characteristics of each Census tract. Looking at different subsets of the data, there is evidence of spatial autocorrelation beyond that accounted for by the covariates in the arrests in Washington, D.C., as well as in overall arrests of Black or Latino people when arrests are modeled separately by race or ethnicity.
title: Seconde generazioni islamiche in Italia. Approccio alla religione, conflitto intergenerazionale e cittadinanza attiva
Creators: name: Ruggieri, Alice
Publisher: name: Roma Tre University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05vf0dg29
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description:

L’educazione e la formazione possono consentire la maturazione, all’interno dell’individuo, di paradigmi concettuali plurimi in grado di orientare le sue scelte. La consapevolezza di quanto siano importanti i legami familiari, il loro sviluppo attraverso l’empatia e il reciproco ascolto, ha guidato il progetto di ricerca. L’elaborato riporta i risultati dell’indagine, mostrando come l’educazione possa influenzare la scelta religiosa delle giovani seconde generazioni islamiche e sottolineando quanto il contesto sia parte essenziale dello sviluppo della persona e come l’esperienza educativa, ricevuta inizialmente e principalmente in casa, influenzi lo sviluppo di una modalità di pensiero riflessiva, necessaria per orientarsi. La ricerca illustrata è di tipo qualitativo, svolta attraverso interviste semi strutturate, rivolte a esperti e giovani adulti di età compresa tra i 20 e i 30 anni, provenienti da paesi del Maghreb, e residenti in varie città italiane. Tutte le argomentazioni trattate sono state racchiuse in 5 macro categorie (problema identitario, islamofobia, discriminazioni e stereotipi, modelli educativi, approccio all’islam, modalità di risposta da parte dei giovani, influenza dell’educazione sulla risposta religiosa, possibilità di essere fedeli alla tradizione senza rinnegare il contesto),   osservate a specchio, prima secondo le opinioni degli esperti e poi attraverso le esperienze dei giovani. Nell’esaminare i percorsi attraverso i quali si costruisce l’identità sociale di un giovane musulmano (modi e percorsi che rendono possibile anche promuovere una cittadinanza attiva priva di compromessi tra l’essere musulmano e italiano), l’elaborato evidenzia che la formazione contribuisca a sviluppare una coerenza complessa utile ad accogliere i valori e le credenze dei padri, senza entrare in conflitto con quelle del paese in cui si vive.
SPATIAL PATTERNS IN ARRESTS BY RACE IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA AND WASHINGTON, D.C.
Creators: name: Eberlein, Marie
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: Geographical analysis, and spatial statistics more specifically, have been widely used in understanding spatial patterns in crime, as well as in public health data. The spatial scan statistic and a spatial autoregressive model are used here on arrest data in northern Virginia and Washington, D.C. to identify clusters in arrests and check for spatial autocorrelation of the arrests. The spatial scan statistic identifies a number of clusters, with the largest encompassing most of southeast D.C. Adjusting the scan statistic for the race of the individuals arrested, there is a change in the cluster locations. Areas with a large Black population have fewer clusters after the adjustment while new clusters appear in areas with a small Black population but comparatively high number of Black people arrested, suggesting that racial bias among police or community members is affecting arrests. There are also a number of clusters that occur due to a courthouse, jail, or mall in the Census tract, where the high number of arrests is not well predicted by the explanatory variables used for modeling. There is some evidence of spatial autocorrelation in the data, but the variation in the full dataset is largely explained by covariates in the model representing demographic characteristics of each Census tract. Looking at different subsets of the data, there is evidence of spatial autocorrelation beyond that accounted for by the covariates in the arrests in Washington, D.C., as well as in overall arrests of Black or Latino people when arrests are modeled separately by race or ethnicity.
THE EXISTENCE OF AN EXPENDITURE FUNCTION AND A SPECIAL CASE OF FROBENIUS' THEOREM ON INTEGRABILITY
Creators: name: Van Daal, J.
name: Henderiks, R. E. D.
name: Van Daal, J.
name: Henderiks, R. E. D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this note we prove the existence of an expenditure function (=cost function) on the basis of a simple integrability theorem, that is a special case of a general integrability theorem. We present an elementary proof of this special case.
An Ultra-Compact X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Creators: name: Rosenzweig, J. B.
name: Majernik, N.
name: Robles, R. R.
name: Andonian, G.
name: Camacho, O.
name: Fukasawa, A.
name: Kogar, A.
name: Lawler, G.
name: Miao, Jianwei
name: Musumeci, P.
name: Naranjo, B.
name: Sakai, Y.
name: Candler, R.
name: Pound, B.
name: Pellegrini, C.
name: Emma, C.
name: Halavanau, A.
name: Hastings, J.
name: Li, Z.
name: Nasr, M.
name: Tantawi, S.
name: Anisimov, P.
name: Carlsten, B.
name: Krawczyk, F.
name: Simakov, E.
name: Faillace, L.
name: Ferrario, M.
name: Spataro, B.
name: Karkare, S.
name: Maxson, J.
name: Ma, Y.
name: Wurtele, J.
name: Murokh, A.
name: Zholents, A.
name: Cianchi, A.
name: Cocco, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the field of beam physics, two frontier topics have taken center stage due to their potential to enable new approaches to discovery in a wide swath of science. These areas are: advanced, high gradient acceleration techniques, and x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). Further, there is intense interest in the marriage of these two fields, with the goal of producing a very compact XFEL. In this context, recent advances in high gradient radio-frequency cryogenic copper structure research have opened the door to the use of surface electric fields between 250 and 500 MV/m. Such an approach is foreseen to enable a new generation of photoinjectors with six-dimensional beam brightness beyond the current state-of-the-art by well over an order of magnitude. This advance is an essential ingredient enabling an ultra-compact XFEL (UC-XFEL). In addition, one may accelerate these bright beams to GeV scale in less than 10 meters. Such an injector, when combined with inverse free electron laser-based bunching techniques can produce multi-kA beams with unprecedented beam quality, quantified by ~50 nm-rad normalized emittances. These beams, when injected into innovative, short-period (1-10 mm) undulators uniquely enable UC-XFELs having footprints consistent with university-scale laboratories. We describe the architecture and predicted performance of this novel light source, which promises photon production per pulse of a few percent of existing XFEL sources. We review implementation issues including collective beam effects, compact x-ray optics systems, and other relevant technical challenges. To illustrate the potential of such a light source to fundamentally change the current paradigm of XFELs with their limited access, we examine possible applications in biology, chemistry, materials, atomic physics, industry, and medicine which may profit from this new model of performing XFEL science.
description: 80 pages, 24 figures
Additional file 11 of Functional characterization of 5′ UTR cis-acting sequence elements that modulate translational efficiency in Plasmodium falciparum and humans
Creators: name: Garcia, Valentina E.
name: Dial, Rebekah
name: DeRisi, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 11: Fig. S6. The predicted free energy of the secondary structure with in a 30-nucleotide sliding window moved by 1 nucleotide across the 5′ UTRs used to evaluate the effect of GC content.
Additional file 1 of Trialists perspectives on sustaining, spreading, and scaling-up of quality improvement interventions
Creators: name: Laur, Celia
name: Corrado, Ann Marie
name: Grimshaw, Jeremy M.
name: Ivers, Noah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview Guide.
Goursat's Problem and the Holographic Principle
Creators: name: Alvarez, Enrique
name: Conde, Jorge
name: Hernandez, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The whole idea of holography as put forward by Gerard 't Hooft assumes that data on a boundary determine physics in the volume. This corresponds to a Dirichlet problem for euclidean signature, or to a Goursat (characteristic) problem in the lorentzian setting. Is this last aspect of the problem that is explored here for Ricci flat spaces with vanishing cosmological constant.
description: LaTeX, 47 pages, 4 figures
title: Application of the Integrative Causal Model of Anti-social Behaviour to the Behaviour Problems of Pre-school Children
Creators: name: Walker, Lorraine
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2001

description: Objectives:
This study applied the Integrative Causal Model of Antisocial Behaviour to the behaviour of preschool behaviour In an attempt to increase understanding of the origins of preschool behaviour problems. Three hypotheses were generated:
• Predisposing factors and social factors combined would account for more of the variance in child behaviour than either set of factors alone.
• Oppositional temperament would be the more predictive of child behaviour than the remaining predisposing factors.
 • Harsh discipline and low tolerance for difficult behaviour would be more predictive of child behaviour than lax supervision or parental antisocial behaviour.
Design:
A cross sectional, within subjects design was used with a community sample.
Method:
Forty parent-child dyads opted-in to the study. Parents completed questionnaires regarding: child behaviour and temperament; their discipline and supervision of the child and their psychological well being, stress and degree of antisocial behaviour while the child's verbal ability was assessed. Basic demographic data was also obtained.
Results:
The main results were:
 • Predisposing factors and social factors combined were more predictive of preschool behaviour than either alone;
 • More specifically socioeconomic status, harm avoidant temperament and parental antisocial behaviour combined were most predictive of preschool behaviour;
 • Harm avoidant temperament and harsh physical discipline were the most significant single predictors of preschool behaviour.
 Conclusions:
The Integrative Causal Model of Antisocial Behaviour was of limited value for understanding preschool behaviour problems. It may be that different factors are implicated in the development of early behaviour problems compared to antisocial behaviour.
The 2003 Shell Event in eta Carinae
Creators: name: Whitelock, Patricia A.
name: Feast, Michael W.
name: Marang, Freddy
name: Breedt, Elme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-infrared, JHKL, photometry of eta Car is reported covering the period 2000 to 2004. This includes the 2003 shell event which was the subject of an international multi-wavelength campaign. The fading that accompanied this event was similar to, although slightly deeper than, that which accompanied the previous one. The period between these events is 2023+/-3 days and they are strictly periodic. Their cause, as well as that of the quasi-periodic variations and secular brightening are discussed. It seems possible that all three types of variability are consequences of the binary nature of the star.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, to appear in MNRAS
Assessing the relationship between urban structure and the urban heat island: Improving local climate zone mapping and estimating zonal and sub-zonal scale effects on air temperature
Creators: name: Gao, Yuemeng
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences

description: The urban heat island (UHI) effect is the phenomenon that the temperature in an urban area always higher than its surrounding rural area. The magnitude of UHI also varies substantially within the same city, causing unexpected extreme weather in summer, influence human thermal comfort, and hazard human health and local ecology. Local climate zone (LCZ) provides rich information about urban biophysical properties, strongly tracks the spatial variability of UHI. By using high-resolution 2D/3D data and object-based image analysis (OBIA), we generated an LCZ map with 81% overall accuracy. It shows a 17% improvement compared with the LCZ map with 64% overall accuracy by using a common process provided by the Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) process. In the zonal scale, the LCZ scheme effectively connects urban structures and air temperature by identifying temperature differences between LCZ categories, with daytime F-value = 824.5 and nighttime F-value = 268.3. The greatest inter-LCZ temperature variance is ∆TLCZA-LCZ2 =-3.78℃ at daytime and ∆TLCZA-LCZ2 =2.62℃ at nighttime. The intra-LCZ ∆T is usually 2~4℃. In the sub-zonal scale (10, 30, 60, 90, 120 m), daytime temperature decreases nonlinearly as the increase of pervious surface area and tree canopy. Nighttime temperature decreases nonlinearly as the increase of pervious surface area and linearly increase as the increase of the area of building surface. Research also shows the magnitude of urban heat island is strongly affected by valley terrain around Rock Creek Park and the meteorological conditions, which cannot be explained by the LCZ scheme.
Constraints on features in the inflationary potential from future Euclid data
Creators: name: Debono, Ivan
name: Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar
name: Shafieloo, Arman
name: Smoot, George F.
name: Starobinsky, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With Planck cosmic microwave background observations, we established the spectral amplitude and tilt of the primordial power spectrum. Evidence of a red spectral tilt ($n_\mathrm{s}=0.96$) at $8σ$ provides strong support for the inflationary mechanism, especially the slow-roll of the effective scalar field in its nearly flat potential as the generator of scalar primordial perturbations. With the next generation of large-scale structure surveys, we expect to probe primordial physics beyond the overall shape and amplitude of the main, smooth and slowly-changing part of the inflaton potential. Using the specifications for the upcoming Euclid survey, we investigate to what extent we can constrain the inflation potential beyond its established slow-roll behaviour. We provide robust forecasts with Euclid and Planck mock data from nine fiducial power spectra that contain suppression and wiggles at different cosmological scales, using the Wiggly Whipped Inflation (WWI) framework to generate these features in the primordial spectrum. We include both Euclid cosmic shear and galaxy clustering, with a conservative cut-off for non-linear scales. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain an improvement in constraints in the WWI potential, as well an improvement for the background cosmology parameters. We find that apart from improving the constraints on the overall scale of the inflationary potential by 40-50 per cent, we can also identify oscillations in the primordial spectrum that are present within intermediate to small scales ($k\sim0.01-0.2\,\mathrm{Mpc^{-1}}$).
description: 22 pages. Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 496, 3448-3468 (2020)
Assessing the relationship between urban structure and the urban heat island: Improving local climate zone mapping and estimating zonal and sub-zonal scale effects on air temperature
Creators: name: Gao, Yuemeng
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The urban heat island (UHI) effect is the phenomenon that the temperature in an urban area always higher than its surrounding rural area. The magnitude of UHI also varies substantially within the same city, causing unexpected extreme weather in summer, influence human thermal comfort, and hazard human health and local ecology. Local climate zone (LCZ) provides rich information about urban biophysical properties, strongly tracks the spatial variability of UHI. By using high-resolution 2D/3D data and object-based image analysis (OBIA), we generated an LCZ map with 81% overall accuracy. It shows a 17% improvement compared with the LCZ map with 64% overall accuracy by using a common process provided by the Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) process. In the zonal scale, the LCZ scheme effectively connects urban structures and air temperature by identifying temperature differences between LCZ categories, with daytime F-value = 824.5 and nighttime F-value = 268.3. The greatest inter-LCZ temperature variance is ∆TLCZA-LCZ2 =-3.78℃ at daytime and ∆TLCZA-LCZ2 =2.62℃ at nighttime. The intra-LCZ ∆T is usually 2~4℃. In the sub-zonal scale (10, 30, 60, 90, 120 m), daytime temperature decreases nonlinearly as the increase of pervious surface area and tree canopy. Nighttime temperature decreases nonlinearly as the increase of pervious surface area and linearly increase as the increase of the area of building surface. Research also shows the magnitude of urban heat island is strongly affected by valley terrain around Rock Creek Park and the meteorological conditions, which cannot be explained by the LCZ scheme.
QCD Corrections to Static Heavy Quark Form Factors
Creators: name: Bernreuther, W.
name: Bonciani, R.
name: Gehrmann, T.
name: Heinesch, R.
name: Leineweber, T.
name: Mastrolia, P.
name: Remiddi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interactions of heavy quarks, in particular of top quarks, with electroweak gauge bosons are expected to be very sensitive to new physics effects related to electroweak symmetry breaking. These interactions are described by the so-called static form factors, which include anomalous magnetic moments and the effective weak charges. We compute the second-order QCD corrections to these static form factors, which turn out to be sizeable and need to be taken into account in searches for new anomalous coupling effects.
description: Revtex, 4 pages
Peas in a Pod? Radius correlations in Kepler multi-planet systems
Creators: name: Murchikova, Lena
name: Tremaine, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the claim of Weiss et al. (2018) that the radii of adjacent planets in Kepler multi-planet systems are correlated. We explore two simple toy models---in the first the radii of the planets are chosen at random from a single universal distribution, and in the second we postulate several types of system with distinct radius distributions. We show that an apparent correlation between the radii of adjacent planets similar to the one reported by Weiss et al. (2018) can arise in both models. In addition the second model fits the radius and signal-to-noise distribution of the observed planets. We also comment on the validity of a commonly used correction that is used to estimate intrinsic planet occurrence rates, based on weighting planets by the inverse of their detectability.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 1 appendix v2 several points clarified, accepted to AJ. 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 appendix
MADX -- A simple technique for source detection and measurement using multi-band imaging from the Herschel-ATLAS survey
Creators: name: Maddox, S. J.
name: Dunne, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the method used to detect sources for the Herschel-ATLAS survey. The method is to filter the individual bands using a matched filter, based on the point-spread function (PSF) and confusion noise, and then form the inverse variance weighted sum of the individual bands, including weights determined by a chosen spectral energy distribution. Peaks in this combined image are used to estimate the source positions. The fluxes for each source are estimated from the filtered single-band images, interpolated to the exact sub-pixel position. We test the method by creating simulated maps in three bands with PSFs, pixel sizes and Gaussian instrumental noise that match the 250, 350 and 500 micron bands of Herschel-ATLAS. We use our method to detect sources and compare the measured positions and fluxes to the input sources. The multi-band approach allows reliable source detection a factor 1.2 to 3 lower in flux compared to single-band source detection, depending on the source colours. The false detection rate is reduced by a factor between 4 and 10, and the variance of the source position errors is reduced by about a factor 1.5. We also consider the effect of confusion noise and find that the appropriate matched filter gives a further improvement in completeness and noise over the standard PSF filter approach. Overall the two modifications give a factor of 1.5 to 3 improvement in the depth of the recovered catalogues compared to a single-band PSF filter approach.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
title: Exploring perceived early family relationships and current relationship patterns in women who over-eat: a qualitative study
Creators: name: New, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1999

description: Objectives:-This study attempts to address the lack of systemic research on over-eaters. By focusing on women’s perceptions, the study aims to develop understanding of the significance that early and ongoing relationship patterns have on their experience of over-eating.

 Method:- Twelve women participated, all had been referred to an Eating disorder unit and had received individual or group intervention. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview schedule. The interviews aimed to gain an understanding of women's perceptions of their early and ongoing relationships, perceived level of support in significant relationships (other than family) and relationship with food.

 Results:- Grounded theory was used to analyse the participants’ responses. Codes, categories and themes were generated from the collected data.

 Conclusions and implications:- A tentative theoretical framework was developed from the participants’ responses to the research questions. The data suggest that women perceive their early and ongoing relationship with their mother as compliant in nature. It also suggests that their father was physically and/or emotionally absent. Additionally, women perceived that in the early family environment there was a high focus on food. Six women also perceived a lack of emotional support from their partners and sought food to comfort themselves. Eight women attributed their early eating behaviour to their difficult relationships with their father or mother.

 An integrative framework has been proposed to account for the data. Clinically, the results indicate that a systemic understanding and intervention should be considered when working with this client group. The researcher has addressed ethical and transference issues, methodological and conceptual issues and suggested ideas for future research.
THE AGGREGATION OF FUNCTIONAL MODELS: TECHNICAL ASPECTS
Creators: name: Rinnooy Kan, A. H. G.
name: Rinnooy Kan, A. H. G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The standard approach to corporate model building is through a modular design in which various decision making units in the organization appear as components. This raises the technical issue of how to aggregate the results of the corresponding submodels.
Thermodynamic stability conditions for nonadditive composable entropies
Creators: name: Wada, Tatsuaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic stability conditions (TSC) of nonadditive and composable entropies are discussed. Generally the concavity of a nonadditive entropy with respect to internal energy is not necessarily equivalent to the corresponding TSC. It is shown that both the TSC of Tsallis' entropy and that of the $κ$-generalized Boltzmann entropy are equivalent to the positivity of the standard heat capacity.
description: 6pages; Contribution to a topical issue of Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics (CMT), edited by M. Sugiyama
Competition between quantum-liquid and electron-solid phases in intermediate Landau levels
Creators: name: Goerbig, M. O.
name: Lederer, P.
name: Smith, C. Morais
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of energy calculations we investigate the competition between quantum-liquid and electron-solid phases in the Landau levels n=1,2, and 3 as a function of their partial filling factor. Whereas the quantum-liquid phases are stable only in the vicinity of quantized values 1/(2s+1) of the partial filling factor, an electron solid in the form of a triangular lattice of clusters with a few number of electrons (bubble phase) is energetically favorable between these fillings. This alternation of electron-solid phases, which are insulating because they are pinned by the residual impurities in the sample, and quantum liquids displaying the fractional quantum Hall effect explains a recently observed reentrance of the integral quantum Hall effect in the Landau levels n=1 and 2. Around half-filling of the last Landau level, a uni-directional charge density wave (stripe phase) has a lower energy than the bubble phase.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures; calculation of exact exchange potential for n=1,2,3 included, energies of electron-solid phases now calculated with the help of the exact potential, and discussion of approximation included
A SUFFICIENT CONDITION IN OPTIMAL CONTROL THEORY
Creators: name: Henderiks, R. E. D.
name: Henderiks, R. E. D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this paper a sufficient condition for local optimality is given. From this condition for local optimality a sufficient condition for global optimality is deduced.
Additional file 12 of Functional characterization of 5′ UTR cis-acting sequence elements that modulate translational efficiency in Plasmodium falciparum and humans
Creators: name: Garcia, Valentina E.
name: Dial, Rebekah
name: DeRisi, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 12: Fig. S7. The effect of lengthening the uORF from uAUG-3. Graphed for each is the average and SEM of log2(each triplicate value/ average of R[Δ1:Δ2:Δ3:Δ4] experimental triplicates).
The Iranian Connection Of The Kuṁḷbī
Creators: name: RODRIGUES, TENSING CARLOS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Archaeology
subject: Geography
subject: Sociology
subject: 60401 Anthropological Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: So long we have supposed that the Iranian stock – the Zagros farmers – that we have called the kṣatrīya, mixed with the kur ancestry to produce the Indo-Gangetic kṣatrīya and then the Deccan kṣatrīya. If we accept the fact that the kur community is a result of the admixture of native Indian and Near Eastern ancestries, it calls for a drastic revision of our model of peopling of India. We do not have a problem of mismatch of dates here; the dates that we have worked with for the infusion of the kṣatrīya ancestry into India would fit well with the coalescence ages estimated for the relevant haplogroups.
STATISTICAL INFERENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL MARKOV RANDOM FIELD
Creators: name: Nadrich, Zack
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Markov random fields (MRF) form a broad class of stochastic models frequently applied to spatial data. A generalization of Markov chains, the MRF models capture spatial correlation by introducing dependence among data on the surface through a chosen neighborhood structure. We introduce a three-dimensional MRF with such neighborhoods that incorporate spatial patterns as well as the time dimension to create a spatio-temporal model. The proposed clique configuration forces spatial dependencies to evolve through time, reflecting dynamics of an observed process.Our statistical inference approach to the Markov Random field is likelihood based. The complex form of the joint distribution of observed spatially and longitudinally dependent data does not allow a closed form of the likelihood function. We show that the pseudolikelihood of this MRF model, as applied to Bernoulli data, can be conveniently expressed as logistic regression. The theory of maximum pseudolikelihood estimation shows that our resulting parameter estimates are consistent and asymptotically normal. As a case study, we use our Markov random field specification to model the dynamics and spread of wildfires. We show that the model can be used to detect wildfire spread and explain the direction and speed at which a wildfire is moving, as well as changes in their behavior in time and in space. We also apply the Markov random field as a generative model in simulations to develop accurate, timely, and probabilistic wildfire spread forecasts, to complement state-of-the-art physical models.
STATISTICAL INFERENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL MARKOV RANDOM FIELD
Creators: name: Nadrich, Zack
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 4905
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Markov random fields (MRF) form a broad class of stochastic models frequently applied to spatial data. A generalization of Markov chains, the MRF models capture spatial correlation by introducing dependence among data on the surface through a chosen neighborhood structure. We introduce a three-dimensional MRF with such neighborhoods that incorporate spatial patterns as well as the time dimension to create a spatio-temporal model. The proposed clique configuration forces spatial dependencies to evolve through time, reflecting dynamics of an observed process.Our statistical inference approach to the Markov Random field is likelihood based. The complex form of the joint distribution of observed spatially and longitudinally dependent data does not allow a closed form of the likelihood function. We show that the pseudolikelihood of this MRF model, as applied to Bernoulli data, can be conveniently expressed as logistic regression. The theory of maximum pseudolikelihood estimation shows that our resulting parameter estimates are consistent and asymptotically normal. As a case study, we use our Markov random field specification to model the dynamics and spread of wildfires. We show that the model can be used to detect wildfire spread and explain the direction and speed at which a wildfire is moving, as well as changes in their behavior in time and in space. We also apply the Markov random field as a generative model in simulations to develop accurate, timely, and probabilistic wildfire spread forecasts, to complement state-of-the-art physical models.
Artists as Social Entrepreneurs: Expanding the Arts Scene in the Fourth Sector
Creators: name: Hailu, Sofia
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This paper presents research on the growing fourth sector, exploring whether this highly collaborative sector offers better-aligned support structures for arts organizations than the traditional sectors of nonprofit, government and private businesses. The fourth sector combines institutional knowledge from the three traditional economic sectors of nonprofit organizations, for-profit businesses and public (or government) entities, offering blended business models and emphasizing the importance of social impact and purpose-driven business. This paper also explores the identity of artists, as they are viewed by society, how they are positioned within their organizations, and what role business models play in influencing this identity. Along with the identity of artists, this paper approaches the question of how business models can better serve artists, and how artists can better position themselves as thought leaders in society. It concludes with the determination that the artist identity is strongly aligned with that of a social entrepreneur, and the opportunities of the fourth sector may offer more value to artists than the opportunities of the nonprofit sector.