Anchylorhynchus variabilis Gyllenhal in Schoenherr 1836
Creators: name: De, Bruno A. S.
name: Vanin, Sergio A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Anchylorhynchus
Anchylorhynchus variabilis

description: Anchylorhynchus variabilis Gyllenhal, 1836
(Figures 3C, 4F, 5I, 6J, 8X, 13 H–L, 14A, 15D, 16D, 19F, 20G–H, 23E)
Anchylorhynchus variabilis Gyllenhal in Schoenherr, 1836:451 (description); Castelnau, 1850:346 (cat.); Lacordaire, 1863:520 (cat.); Sherborn, 1931:6793 (cat.); Vaurie, 1954:40, Figs. 1 e 3I (revision); Blackwelder, 1947:827 (cat.); Viana, 1975: 29, Figs. 4, 7, 8 e 9 (revision); Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986:196 (cat.); Franz, 2006:224 (phylogeny); Silva et al., 2012:1 (biology). Holotype: Male; Brazil; Klug. Deposited in NHRM accession NHRS-JLKB 000027290, images examined.
Ancylorrhynchus variabilis; Gemminger & Harold, 1871:2545 (cat.); Bondar, 1941b:295 (biology); Voss, 1943:61 (revision); Bondar, 1943a:359 (revision).
Anchylorhynchus mutabilis Fahraeus, 1843:333 (description); Lacordaire, 1863:520 (cat.); Sherborn, 1928:4217 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1947:827 (cat.); Voss, 1943:62 (revision); Vaurie, 1954:40 (revision); Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986:196 (cat.). Holotype: Female; Brazil; Klug. Deposited in NHRM accession NHRS-JLKB 000027291, images examined.
Ancylorrhynchus mutabilis; Bondar, 1943a:359 (revision, synonymy to Anchylorhynchus variabilis).
Ancylorrhynchus mutabilis; Gemminger & Harold, 1871:2545 (cat.); Bondar, 1943a:359 (revision).
Ancylorrhynchus mutabilis connata Voss, 1943 (description in key). Holotype not examined.
Anchylorhynchus mutabilis connata; Vaurie, 1954:40 (revision); Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986:196 (cat.).
Redescription. Male: Body size (length of elytra + pronotum) 5.5–8.7 mm.
Head: Rostrum 1.3–1.4 times as long as pronotum; 1.3–1.4 times wider at apex than at base; with integument brown to black; with seven longitudinal carinae (including a pair along scrobes), distinct throughout their length; scrobes parallel to rostrum; apex covered by microsetae; areas between dorsal carinae covered by yellowish scales, narrow to setiform at base and setiform at the apex of rostrum, directed toward the central carina. Eyes 1.3–1.4 times as high as wide; 0.6–0.6 times more separated above than below. Head integument black or brown, similar to or darker than rostrum; covered by large scales only around the eyes and on the sides and microsetae elsewhere; scales usually black to dark brown, sometimes yellow on the sides and above eyes, directed to a point basal to the inter-ocular fovea. Antennae with scape straight, barely reaching anterior eye margin; funicle: antennomere I of funicle only slightly wider than II, II longer than I and about 2 times as long as III, VI as wide as long and narrower than club; club about as long as antennomeres IV–VI of the funicle. Left mandible slightly sinuate at outer margin; with one dorsal seta; outer tooth forming a sharp angle with the mandible margin, with rounded apex; inner tooth well-developed; molar region straight. Left maxilla with stipes strongly elongate, with a long ventral seta; galeolacinial complex almost reaching the apex of palpomere I; palpiger with transverse ventral region, dorsal region with an acute angle at base; palpomere I with two apical setae longer than the length of palpomere I; palpomere II longer than palpomere I. Labium prementum distinctively narrower than postmentum, about 1.5 times as wide as long, lateral margins divergent in median region, angled in lateral-apical region, with two oblique rows of setae in dorsal region; ligula shorter than half of the length of prementum; palps separated by about the width of palpomere I; palpomere I transverse; palpomere II shorter than palpomere III; palpomere III with one lateral seta.
Thorax: Pronotum width at base 1.6–1.8 times pronotum length; base not lobed at middle; lateral margins in dorsal view convergent and regularly curved from base to apex, without apical constriction; integument uniformly brown or black only under black scales; covered by black scales in a longitudinal median band and on the lateralapical regions, and yellow to orange scales elsewhere; scales on disk directed to the center or to the apex. Profemur approximately 3 times as long as wide; dorsal margin with curvature about as pronounced as ventral margin; tooth well-defined; about 3 times as wide as protibia. Protarsus tarsomere I about as long as tarsomere III; tarsomeres I and II longer than wide; with short and dense setae on the ventral surface, without sparse and long setae on the sides. Scutellum 0.7–0.9 times longer than wide; integument black; scales yellowish. Elytra 1.5–1.7 times wider than pronotum; 1.4–1.5 times longer than wide; 3.7–4.0 times longer than pronotum; humeri rounded; lateral margins distinctively wider at middle; dorsal region with yellowish scales; epipleura generally with a distinct inflexion on interval IX, but sometimes with a weak inflexion, covered by yellowish or dark scales. Ventral region of thorac integument yellowish to black; setae white to pale yellow, distinctively lighter than those in pronotum. Hypomeron scales setiform. Prosternum length 0.8–1.0 times the width of coxae; postocular lobes indistinct, with apical-lateral margin of prothorax regularly curved to slightly sinuate; covered by sparse setae. Metepisternum entirely covered by dense setae. Metasternum central concavity distinct; with long setae in the center.
Abdomen: Ventrites III–V covered by erect setae. Aedeagus 2–2.5 times as long as wide; about 4 times as long as high; distinctly wider at opening; with a bilobed anterior process; ventral plate strongly sclerotized, extending to approximately 0.4 times the length of apodemes. Apodemes about 2.5 times as long as aedeagus. Endophallus with one pair of membranous pockets containing microtrichae next to the basal sclerite and membranous and slightly sclerotized area anterior to the basal sclerite; with microtrichae of the apical region not organized in bands.
Female: Body size 5.1–7.4 mm. Rostrum 1.2–1.4 times longer than pronotum; width at apex 1.3–1.5 times width at base. Eyes 1.2–1.4 times as high as wide; 0.5–0.7 times more separated above than below. Pronotum 1.6–1.7 times as wide at base as long. Prosternum length 0.9–1.0 times the coxal width. Scutellum 0.8–0.9 times as long as wide. Elytra 1.6–1.8 times as wide as pronotum; 1.4–1.5 times as long as wide; 4.0–4.2 times as long as pronotum; color patterns either same as males (Figure 13H) or with variously developed transverse black bands, including entirely black (see Figures 13 I–L, 14A). Ventrites III–V with recumbent setae. Ventrites III and IV with posterior retraction strongly sinuate and reaching the middle of the segment.
Remarks. This species is easily diagnosed by the presence of elongate setae, instead of scales, in all ventral surfaces and also in the epipleura (Figures 13 H–L, 14A, 15D, 16D, 19F). All males have yellow elytra (Figure 13H), while females show different patterns of black and yellow scales (Figures 13 I–L, 14A). Females with completely yellow elytra are usually rare but increase in frequency near the southern limit of the species distribution.
Geographical Distribution. This species is found in forests and open habitats from the central-southern Brazil to eastern Argentina (Figure 24). Some specimens from the Dirings collection (MZSP) are labelled as Carquejo, Ceará, Brazil, a locality much farther north than the others known for the species or for its known host plant. S. A. Vanin has found similarly suspect records for species of Belidae from the same collection, with species typical of southeastern Brazil labelled as collected Carquejo, Ceará. Both cases are likely mistakes.
Host Plants. Syagrus rommanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (vouchers SPF B.A.S. Medeiros 88, 113) and Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick.
Bondar (1943a) received material from several collaborators (R. Lange, J. Moure, A. Maller and F. Plaumann) from southern Brazil of specimens of A. variabilis obtained from a palm identified as Cocos romanzoffiana Chamiso, a junior synonym of Syagrus rommanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman. Viana (1975) states the species is found in flowers of “pindo (Cocos romanzoffiana Chamiso)”, which is a common name used both for Syagrus romanzoffiana and Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick. Bondar (1941a) received specimens from Juan Bosq, in Argentina, collected from Cocos capitata Mart. (a junior synonym of Butia odorata). Butia odorata and Syagrus romanzoffiana are known to produce natural hybrids where they co-occur (Lorenzi et al. 2010), and it is possible that they also share this species of pollinator. Finally, Silva et al. (2012) reared A. variabilis from seeds of S. romanzoffiana in Florianópolis, Brazil and we collected A. variabilis from Syagrus romanzoffiana in several localities.
Examined Specimens. Type Material. BRAZIL. No region: No locality, Klug, no date (♂ holotype Anchylorhynchus variabilis NHRS); illegible, Klug, no date (♀ holotype Anchylorhynchus mutabilis NHRS).
Other Material. ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires: Bahia Blanca, no collector, no date (1♀ MACN); Buenos Aires, Caride, III /1905 (1♂ MACN); J. M. Bosq, 07/ III /1912 (1 sex undetermined MACN); Rizzo, III /1970 (1 sex undetermined MACN); Buenos Aires, Delta, A. Bachmann, III /1972 (13♀, 19♂, 122 sex undetermined MACN); Buenos Aires, San Fernando, C. Arroyal, no date (5♀, 6♂, 2 sex undetermined MLPA); Las Conchas [Tigre], A. G. Frers, no date (1♀, 2♂ MACN); No locality, C. Bruch, no date (1♀, 3 sex undetermined MACN); H. Richter, no date (10♀, 5♂ MLPA); Tigre, J. M. Bosq, XII/1912 (1 sex undetermined MACN); no collector, I/1914 (1 sex undetermined MLPA). Chaco: Colonia Benitez, R. Golbach, XII/1948 (1 sex undetermined MACN). Entre Rios: Delta Paraná Guazu, E. E. Blanchard, 23/II/1919 (7♀, 7♂, 4 sex undetermined MACN); no collector, 23/II/1919 (2 sex undetermined MACN); 28/II/1919 (1♀ AMNH); 29/II/1919 (2♀, 1♂ MLPA). Misiones: A. Urugua-i [Puerto Bosseti, arroyo Urugua-i], R. N. Orfila, IX/1954 (1♂ MACN); Puerto Londero, J. Forester, XI/1947 (4 sex undetermined MACN); M. J. Viana, X/1947 (3♂, 3 sex undetermined MACN); San Ignacio, no collector, no date (1 sex undetermined MACN); Santa Maria, M. J. Viana, II/1945 (3 sex undetermined MACN); X/1944 (1♀, 1♂, 9 sex undetermined MACN); X/1945 (2♀, 3 sex undetermined MACN); X/1946 (3♀, 19 sex undetermined MACN); X/1947 (3♀, 4♂, 25 sex undetermined MACN); X/1984 (2♀, 1♂, 23 sex undetermined MACN); XI/1946 (1♂, 4 sex undetermined MACN). No region: No locality, A. Breyer, no date (1 sex undetermined MACN); Rio Chama, E. E. Blanchard, 06/I/1919 (4♂, 1 sex undetermined MACN).
BRAZIL. Ceará: Carquejo [mistake], Dirings, III /1949 (1♀, 2♂ MZSP). Mato Grosso do Sul: Maracaju, B. A. S. Medeiros & E. P. Antunes, 04/XII/2014 (4 sex undetermined MZSP); Riacho do Herval, Rio Paraná, B. Pohl, II/1952 (1♀ MZSP). Minas Gerais: Governador Valadares, B. A. S. Medeiros & F. M. Gudin, 04/XII/2013 (63 sex undetermined MZSP); Indianópolis, Fazenda Bela Tanda, Ilse Gottsberger, date not recorded (1♀ IGGT); Joaquim Felício, B. A. S. Medeiros & L. H. M. Fonseca, 19/XI/2013 (13 sex undetermined MZSP); Serra do Caraça, Exp. Mus. Zool., 05/XII/1972 (1♂ MZSP); Exp. MZUSP, 24/ II– 03/ III /1972 (1♀, 1♂ MZSP); F. Werner, U. Martins & L. Silva, III /1968 (1♀ MZSP); Kloss, Lenko, Martins & Silva col., XI/1961 (1♂ MZSP); Vila Monte Verde, F. Halik, 15/IV/1960 (1♂ MZSP). Paraná: Arapongas, A. Maller, 01/I/1952 (1♂ DZUP); XI/1951 (1♂ MNRJ); Curitiba, no collector, no date (8 sex undetermined AMNH); Foz do Iguaçu, D. Zoo. UFPR, 07/XII/1966 (3♂ DZUP); Londrina, B. Pohl, I/1944 (1♂ MZSP); no collector, 1944 (1♂ CEAH); Quatro Barras, Becker & Laroca, 09/ III /1970 (1♀ DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, J. F. Zikán, 03/ III /1944 (3♀, 1♂ MNRJ); 06/ III /1944 (1♀ AMNH); 07/ III /1944 (1♂ MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado, Alvarenga & Seabra, 10/X/1958 (1♀ MZSP); 24/X/1958 (1♀ MZSP); IX/1961 (1♂ MACN); IX/1969 (2♂ DZUP); V /1958 (2♀ MZSP); VI /1958 (2♀ MZSP); VII /1958 (4♂ MZSP); VII /1969 (1♀ DZUP); X/1958 (1♀ MZSP); X/1969 (1♀ DZUP); XI/1958 (1♀ MZSP); D. Zajciw, 01/IX/1955 (1♂ MNRJ); 30/IX/1955 (1♀ MNRJ); M. Alvarenga, I/1960 (1♀, 1♂ MZSP); IV/1961 (1♀ MZSP); IX/1953 (1♂ MZSP); IX/1961 (4♀, 1♂ MZSP); VI /1960 (3♀ MZSP); VII /1961 (1♀, 2♂ MZSP); VIII/1959 (2♀ MZSP); VIII/1960 (2♂ MZSP); X/1959 (2♀ MZSP); X/1961 (2♀, 2♂ MZSP); XII/1961 (1♀ MZSP); Moure & Seabra, 03/XII/1965 (1♀ DZUP). RIo de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado, D. Zajciw, 01/IX/1955 (1♀ MNRJ). Santa Catarina: Cauna [Porto União, Santa Cruz do Timbó], A. Maller, I/1946 (2 sex undetermined AMNH); II/1946 (5 sex undetermined AMNH); XII/1945 (22 sex undetermined AMNH); Corupá, no collector, I/1965 (1♀ DZUP); no date (7 sex undetermined AMNH); No locality, A. Maller, no date (6♀ MNRJ); Nova Teutônia [Seara, Nova Teutônia], F. Plaumann, 01/II/1939 (1 sex undetermined AMNH); 05/XII/1945 (8 sex undetermined AMNH, 3♀, 6♂ MNRJ); 06/I/1946 (17 sex undetermined AMNH); 06/X/1945 (3 sex undetermined AMNH); 07/X/1945 (8 sex undetermined AMNH); 07/XI/1945 (4 sex undetermined AMNH); 15/XII/1946 (12 sex undetermined AMNH); 16/XII/1945 (4♀, 5♂ MNRJ); 18/II/1946 (3 sex undetermined AMNH); 20/XII/1940 (2 sex undetermined AMNH); 20/XII/1945 (53 sex undetermined AMNH); 22/XI/1945 (18 sex undetermined AMNH); 23/X/1943 (16 sex undetermined AMNH); 23/X/1945 (6 sex undetermined AMNH); 25/XII/1945 (62 sex undetermined AMNH); 27/I/1946 (20 sex undetermined AMNH); I/1945 (2 sex undetermined AMNH); II/1942 (4♀ MZSP); X/1942 (1♀ MZSP); Fritz Plaumann, 05/XII/1945 (2♀ DZUP); 16/XII/1945 (1♀, 3♂ DZUP); Rio Natal, no collector, II/1949 (1 sex undetermined AMNH); Rio Vermelho, A. Maller, I/1945 (34 sex undetermined AMNH); II/1949 (6 sex undetermined AMNH); Dirings, I/1949 (3♀, 6♂ MZSP); I/1950 (2♀, 9♂ MZSP); II/1953 (1♂ MZSP); III /1957 (47♀, 25♂ MZSP); no collector, XII/1959 (1♀ DZUP); Timbó, Dirings, X/1958 (3♀, 2♂ MZSP); XII/1955 (1♂ MZSP). São Paulo: Barueri, K. Lenko, 03/I/1967 (2♀ MZSP); 03/II/1962 (1♀ MZSP); 04/I/1967 (1♀, 1♂ MZSP); 04/II/1961 (2♂ MZSP); 05/XI/1960 (1♂ MZSP); 06/XII/1951 (1♀ MZSP); 12/II/1967 (1♀ MZSP); 15/X/1960 (1♂ MZSP); 1953 (1♀ MZSP); 22/I/1961 (1♂ MZSP); 22/X/1960 (2♀, 2♂ MZSP); 30/ III /1956 (1♀ MNRJ); I/1965 (2♀, 1♂ MZSP); I/1966 (2♀ MZSP); III /1966 (1♂ MZSP); IX/1963 (1♂ MZSP); X/1958 (4♀, 5♂ MZSP); XI/1964 (2♀ MZSP); XI/1965 (12♀, 7♂ MZSP); XII/1962 (1♀ MZSP); XII/1965 (5♀, 2♂ MZSP); Botucatu, Capivara, Ilse Gottsberger, no date (2♀ IGGT); Botucatu, Pardinho, Ilse Gottsberger, no date (5♀, 1♂ IGGT); Campinas, no collector, 22/IV/1905 (1♀ CEAH); Cantareira, F. Halik, 28/I/1964 (1♀ MZSP); Cotia, P. Gnaspini, II/2005 (1♂ MZSP); Guarulhos, Sítio Bananal, F. Halik, XII/1957 (7♀, 3♂ MZSP); Itu, Fazenda Pau d’Alho, Martins & Biasi, 24/ II– 03/ III /1972 (2♀ MZSP); U. Martins, XII/1970 (1♀ MZSP); Presidente Epitácio, Rio Paraná, B. Pohl, II/1938 (1♂ MZSP); São Paulo, Horto Florestal, F. Halik, 10/ III /1959 (1♂ MZSP); São Paulo, Ipiranga, F. Lane, IV/1964 (1♂ MZSP); Lange de Morretes, 30/X/1937 (1♂ MZSP); São Paulo, Santana, F. Halik, 10/II/1958 (3♀ MZSP); 13/II/1963 (2♀, 1♂ MZSP); 19/I/1958 (7♀, 12♂ MZSP); I/1958 (1♀, 11♂ MZSP); São Paulo, Santo Amaro, S. A. Vanin, 14/I/1973 (1♂ MZSP); São Roque, F. Lane, I/1972 (1♀ MZSP). No region: No locality, no collector, no date (1♀, 1♂ MZSP).
URUGUAY. Montevideo: Montevideo, no collector, no date (1♀ MACN, 1♂ MLPA); Montevideo, Sayago, A. Mesa leg., II/1943 (1♂ MLPA); L.E.F.A, 05/I/1970 (3♀, 1♂ MACN); 16/I/1967 (6♀, 2♂ MACN); 21/I/1968 (2♀ MACN); Mesa, II/1943 (3 sex undetermined AMNH).
PARAGUAY. No region: No locality, A. Bättcher, no date (1♀ MZSP).
NO COUNTRY. No region: No locality, A. G. Frers, no date (1♂ MACN); no collector, no date (2♀ CEAH, 2♂, 1 sex undetermined MACN, 2♀, 1♂ MNRJ); Rio de la Plata, Deyr, no date (1♀, 1 sex undetermined MCZ).
description: Published as part of De, Bruno A. S. & Vanin, Sergio A., 2020, Systematic revision and morphological phylogenetic analysis of Anchylorhynchus Schoenherr, 1836 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Derelomini), pp. 1-98 in Zootaxa 4839 (1) on pages 58-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4839.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4487967