cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Loop amplitudes monodromy relations and color-kinematics duality
Creators: name: Casali, Eduardo
name: Mizera, Sebastian
name: Tourkine, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color-kinematics duality is a remarkable conjectured property of gauge theory which, together with double copy, is at the heart of a wealth of new developments in scattering amplitudes. So far, its validity has been verified in most cases only empirically, lacking a first-principle understanding beyond tree-level. In this paper we provide initial steps in a first-principle understanding of color-kinematics duality and double-copy at loop level, through a detailed analysis of the field-theory limit of the monodromy relations of string theory at one loop. In this limit, we dissect the type of Feynman graphs generated and the relations they obey. We find that graphs with contact-terms are unavoidable and are generated in the field theory limit of "bulk" contours which do not have a standard physical interpretation in string perturbation theory. We show how they are related to ambiguities in the definition of the loop momentum and that their role is precisely to cancel those ambiguities.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures. Figures in IPE (http://ipe.otfried.org/). v2: clarified discussions, added a few references. Published version
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INTERCROPPING YAM WITH FOOD CROPS IN ST. LUCIA
Creators: name: Francois, Bernard
name: Douglas, Charles
name: George, Calixte
name: Francois, Bernard
name: Douglas, Charles
name: George, Calixte
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Intercropping trials involving yam with legumes and/or dasheen were conducted in St. Lucia in 1985 on farmers holdings and of the Union Agricultural Station. Economic analyses of the results revealed that intercropping did not significantly reduce income from yams. In addition, it was revealed that in most cases, returns from growing the intercrop were greater than the additional cost of establishing the intercrop into the system.
Dark energy equation of state and anthropic selection
Creators: name: Garriga, Jaume
name: Linde, Andrei
name: Vilenkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility that the dark energy is due to a potential of a scalar field and that the magnitude and the slope of this potential in our part of the universe are largely determined by anthropic selection effects. We find that, in some models, the most probable values of the slope are very small, implying that the dark energy density stays constant to very high accuracy throughout cosmological evolution. In other models, however, the most probable values of the slope are such that the slow roll condition is only marginally satisfied, leading to a re-collapse of the local universe on a time-scale comparable to the lifetime of the sun. In the latter case, the effective equation of state varies appreciably with the redshift, leading to a number of testable predictions.
description: 22 pages, 8 figs
Stenodyneriellus Giordani Soika 1962
Creators: name: Lien, Nguyen Thi Phuong
name: Ngat, Tran Thi
name: Hoa, Dang Thi
name: Thai, Mai Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Stenodyneriellus

description: Genus Stenodyneriellus Giordani Soika, 1962
 Stenodyneriellus Giordani Soika, 1961: 65, 71; Carpenter, 1986: 85; van der Vecht & Carpenter, 1990: 55; Giordani Soika, 1994: 5, 48–49.
 Type species. Stenodyneriellus turneriellus Giordani Soika, 1961, by original designation.
 Diagnosis. Metasoma not petiolate, forewing with second submarginal cell not petiolate, prestigma half the length of the pterostigma (measured along posterior part); propodeum without deep fossae; metanotum without tubercles; anterior face of pronotum without foveae; submarginal carina and valvulae not produced; T1 not carinate; tegula pointed posteriorly, emarginate adjoining parategula, shorter than parategula posteriorly; axillary fossa in dorsal view slit-like; palpal formula 6:4.
description: Published as part of Lien, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Ngat, Tran Thi, Hoa, Dang Thi & Thai, Mai Van, 2019, Potter wasps of the genus Stenodyneriellus Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species, pp. 396-402 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67 on page 396, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2019-0031, http://zenodo.org/record/4576240
Veröffentlichungen aus dem deutschen Sprachraum zum Thema „Moor und Torf“ aus den Jahren 2009 und 2010 mit Nachträgen für frühere Jahre.
Publications on „Peat and Peatland“ from the German language area in 2009 and 2010 with additions for earlier years.
Creators: name: Steffens, Peter
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2010

description: Die vorliegende Zusammenstellung der Veröffentlichungen auf dem Gebiet „Moor und Torf“ umfasst 156 Titel.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: bibliography
Les MOOCs bientôt à l'agenda politique? - Etat des lieux et perspectives
Creators: name: Deschryver, Nathalie
name: Felder, Joris
name: Charlier Pasquier, Bernadette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: https://www.ta-swiss.ch/fr/sujets#societe-de-linformation

description: Diese Vorstudie wurde vom TA-SWISS-Leitungsausschuss in Auftrag gegeben, um die kontroversen Fragen einzugrenzen, die die zunehmende Nutzung von MOOCs in der Schweiz aufwirft. Ziel ist es, unter Berücksichtigung der Unabhängigkeit der Hochschulinstitutionen und der dezentralen Organisation des Bildungswesens in der Schweiz die Risiken und Chancen von MOOCs als soziale Technologie2 abzuklären und herauszuarbeiten, welche Akteure an der Entwicklung von MOOCs beteiligt sind.
Schwarzerlenbestockung in wiedervernässten Flusstalmooren Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns: Wasserverbrauch und hydrologische Standorteignung
Black alder afforestation of rewetted fens in river floodplains of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: Water consumption and hydrological site suitability
Creators: name: Dannowski, Ralf
name: Dietrich, Ottfried
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2006

description: Abstract: Based on literature and own model calculations, the assessment was substantiated that, in the annual sum and at comparable water levels, groves of black alder within rewetted fen lowlands will hardly consume more water than intensified grasslands. The main reason was found in the moderate leaf area index (LAI ≤ 5) of this deciduous tree species. Thus, an annual surplus of 180 to 220 mm of water is required to be charged to those areas from ground and surface water resources of the catchment. Scenario calculations were performed for different climatic conditions (mean vs. dry year) by means of a proved and tested water balance/groundwater table model (WABI) for the fen area of a representative 855 ha clipping from the middle Trebel river floodplain. Peat conserving alder cultivation appears feasible in sections midway along the river, between the often inundated wetland sites beneath the river and the dryer sites along the edges of the valley.
description: Zusammenfassung: Eine Literaturauswertung und eigene Modellrechnungen führten zu der begründeten Einschätzung, dass Erlenbestände in wiedervernässten Niedermooren in der Jahressumme und bei vergleichbaren Wasserständen kaum mehr Wasser verbrauchen als intensiv genutztes Grasland. Hauptgrund dafür ist der mäßige Blattflächenindex (LAI ≤ 5) der Schwarzerle. Damit besteht ein Zusatzwasserbedarf von 180 bis 220 mm/a, der den Flächen aus Zuflüssen des ober- und unterirdischen Einzugsgebietes bereitstehen muss. Mit dem erprobten und bewährten Wasserbilanz-Grundwasserstand-Modell WABI wurden Szenariorechnungen zu unterschiedlichen klimatischen Verhältnissen (mittleres Jahr, Trockenjahr) für die Niedermoorflächen eines 855 ha umfassenden repräsentativen Talmoorausschnitts an der mittleren Trebel durchgeführt. Moorschonender Erlenanbau erscheint möglich in flussparallelen Streifen, die zwischen den häuf ig überstauten Feuchtflächen in Flussnähe und den trockeneren Standorten an den Talrändern liegen.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF YAM (Dioscorea spp.) GERMPLASM CULTIVATED IN DOMINICA
Creators: name: Clarke, B.A.
name: Sorhaindo, C.A.
name: Clarke, A.P.
name: Clarke, B.A.
name: Sorhaindo, C.A.
name: Clarke, A.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Twenty-three yam accessions cultivated in Dominica were grown at the Botanic Gardens and at La Plaine Agricultural Station to assess their potential for further development. Using the descriptors for yam of the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, selected data on species, habit, stem and leaf characteristics, underground tubers and disease susceptibility were recorded. Amongst the 23 accessions were three of D. trifida, two of D.rotundata, one each of D. cayenensis, D. esculenta and D. bulbifera, and 15 of D. alata. Anthracnose disease was observed on some of the D. alata accessions. On the basis of t.his preliminary characterization the D. alata accessions "White Yam" and "Kaplaou" have been included
title: The Graphical Representation of Structured Multivariate Data
Creators: name: Cottee, Michaela J.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1997

description: During the past two decades or so, graphical representations have been used increasingly for the examination, summarisation and communication of statistical data. Many graphical techniques exist for exploratory data analysis (ie. for deciding which model it is appropriate to fit to the data) and a number of graphical diagnostic techniques exist for checking the appropriateness of a fitted model. However, very few techniques exist for the representation of the fitted model itself. This thesis is concerned with the development of some new and existing graphical representation techniques for the communication and interpretation of fitted statistical models. The first part of this thesis takes the form of a general overview of the use in statistics of graphical representations for exploratory data analysis and diagnostic model checking. In relation to the concern of this thesis, particular consideration is given to the few graphical techniques which already exist for the representation of fitted models. A number of novel two-dimensional approaches are then proposed which go partway towards providing a graphical representation of the main effects and interaction terms for fitted models. This leads on to a description of conditional independence graphs, and consideration of the suitability of conditional independence graphs as a technique for the representation of fitted models. Conditional independence graphs are then developed further in accordance with the research aims. Since it becomes apparent that it is not possible to use any of the approaches taken m order to develop a simple two-dimensional pen-and-paper technique for the unambiguous graphical representation of all fitted statistical models, an interactive computer package based on the conditional independence graph approach is developed for the construction, communication and interpretation of graphical representations for fitted statistical models. This package, called the "Conditional Independence Graph Enhancer" (CIGE), does provide unambiguous graphical representations for all fitted statistical models considered.
Take it Easy on Yourself: The Role of Self-Compassion in Response to Social Ostracism
Creators: name: Clark, Joshua L.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Self-compassion involves forgiving oneself following failure, viewing negative emotions from a mindful perspective, and understanding that all human beings are imperfect (Neff, 2003). Self-compassion is associated with a host of positive psychological and physical variables, and it can even be induced to help individuals deal with stress. The present study examines whether self-compassion can be induced in a student sample and whether this inducement can help participants cope with social ostracism. Results indicate that the inducement was not effective in helping individuals respond adaptively to the ostracism manipulation. Discussion focuses on potential problems with the methodology and future directions for research on self-compassion.
Classical Gravitational Scattering at ${\cal O}(G^3)$ from Feynman Diagrams
Creators: name: Cheung, Clifford
name: Solon, Mikhail P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a Feynman diagram calculation of the two-loop scattering amplitude for gravitationally interacting massive particles in the classical limit. Conveniently, we are able to sidestep the most taxing diagrams by exploiting the test-particle limit in which the system is fully characterized by a particle propagating in a Schwarzschild spacetime. We assume a general choice of graviton field basis and gauge fixing that contains as a subset the well-known deDonder gauge and its various cousins. As a highly nontrivial consistency check, all gauge parameters evaporate from the final answer. Moreover, our result exactly matches that of Bern et al., here verified up to sixth post-Newtonian order while also reproducing the same unique velocity resummation at third post-Minkowksian order.
description: 10 pages + references, 2 figures, 2 ancillary files
Building Houses or Creating Homes: Housing Development Programs and Quality of Life in Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Creators: name: DeMoss, Tiwanna Latrease
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation examines the impact of government housing projects on the poor in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The research explores whether the participation and involvement in housing development projects lead to a greater quality of life for the poor and help them with greater access to jobs, quality housing, services, and community. It also addresses how the beneficiaries of housing development projects participated within the projects and analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of housing development programs in meeting the needs of the poor. The research uses theoretical concepts such as poverty, housing, quality of life, and community to contextualize and to explain the situation for the poor and their need for shelter, employment, and services. This dissertation is based on ethnographic research conducted on beneficiary poor populations directly affected by housing development projects in the city of Port Elizabeth in South Africa from October 2005 to June 2006. The development projects used for the research were the Sakhasonke housing subsidy project in Port Elizabeth's Walmer Township and the township of Wells Estate, a resettlement community. Some of the main findings from the research were: 1) receiving quality housing had a significant impact on the quality of life of the residents and they were pleased with the type of housing they received compared to their previous residence, yet their access to jobs and income was still a main concern; 2) Sakhasonke residents communicated more frequently with project developers and management compared to the people of Wells Estate, which led to the Sakhasonke residents having greater understanding of how the project would impact their quality of life; and 3) community and social trust decreased for the people of Wells Estate after they moved to their new homes compared to what they experienced in the their former residences, which leads to further discussion of how new housing can have a significant impact on beneficiaries' ability to develop a sense of community and a greater quality of life.
Mixing-Demixing transition in 1D boson-fermion mixture at low fermion densities
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Yousuke
name: Mori, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigated the mixing-demixing transition of the boson-fermion mixture on a 1D lattice at an incommensurate filling with the fermion density being kept below the boson density. The phase diagram we obtained suggested that the decrease of the number of the fermions drove the system into the demixing phase.
Avoided crossing in gravitational wave spectra from protoneutron star
Creators: name: Sotani, Hajime
name: Takiwaki, Tomoya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ramp up signals of gravitational waves appearing in the numerical simulations could be important signals to estimate parameters of the protoneutron star (PNS) at supernova explosions. To identify the signals with PNS oscillations, we make a linear perturbation analysis and compare the resultant eigenfrequencies with the ramp up signals obtained via the two-dimensional numerical simulations. Then, we find that the ramp up signals correspond well to the $g_1$-mode in the early phase and to the $f$-mode, to which the $g_1$-mode is exchanged via the avoided crossing. We also confirm that the $f$- and $g_1$-modes are almost independent of the selection of the PNS surface density in the later phase after core bounce. In addition, we successfully find that the fitting formula of $g_1$- and $f$-modes, which correspond to the ramp up signals in the numerical simulation, as a function of the PNS average density. That is, via the direct observation of the gravitational waves after supernova explosion, one could extract the time evolution of the PNS average density by using our fitting formula.
description: For the waveform data of gravitational waves, see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5481811
Stenodyneriellus maculatus Gusenleitner 2013
Creators: name: Lien, Nguyen Thi Phuong
name: Ngat, Tran Thi
name: Hoa, Dang Thi
name: Thai, Mai Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Stenodyneriellus
Stenodyneriellus maculatus

description: Stenodyneriellus maculatus Gusenleitner, 2013
 Stenodyneriellus maculatus Gusenleitner, 2013: 121, 123, figs. 5–8, female, male - “ Thailand, S: Ko Lanta S., Krabi ” (holotype female Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseums Linz).
This species has been recorded from Vietnam by Li & Carpenter (2019). In this study, no specimens of the species are available.
 Distribution. Thailand, Vietnam.
description: Published as part of Lien, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Ngat, Tran Thi, Hoa, Dang Thi & Thai, Mai Van, 2019, Potter wasps of the genus Stenodyneriellus Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species, pp. 396-402 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67 on page 401, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2019-0031, http://zenodo.org/record/4576240
Study on the anomalous quartic $W^+W^-γγ$ couplings of electroweak bosons in $e^-p$ collisions at the LHeC and the FCC-he
Creators: name: Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, A.
name: Hernández-Ruíz, M. A.
name: Gurkanli, E.
name: Ari, V.
name: Köksal, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a study is carried out on the $e^-p \to e^-γ^* p \to p W^+γν_e$ production to probe quartic $W^+W^-γγ$ couplings using 10, 100 ${\rm fb^{-1}}$ of $e^-p$ collisions data at $\sqrt{s}$= 1.30, 1.98 GeV at the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) and 100, 1000 ${\rm fb^{-1}}$ with $\sqrt{s}$= 3.46, 5.29 GeV at the Future Circular Collider-hadron electron (FCC-he). Production cross-sections are determined for both at leptonic and hadronic decay channel of the $W$-boson. With the data from future $e^-p$ colliders, it is possible to obtain sensitivity measures at $95\%$ C.L. on the anomalous $f_ {M,i}/Λ^4$ and $ f_ {T,i}/Λ^4$ couplings which are competitive with the limits obtained by the LHC, as well as with others limits reported in the literature. The production mode $e^-p \to e^-γ^* p \to p W^+γν_e $ in $e^-p$ collisions offers a window for study the quartic $W^+W^-γγ$ electroweak bosons couplings at the LHeC and the FCC-he, which provides a much cleaner collision environment than the LHC.
description: 27 pages , 10 figures
Building Houses or Creating Homes: Housing Development Programs and Quality of Life in Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Creators: name: DeMoss, Tiwanna Latrease
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This dissertation examines the impact of government housing projects on the poor in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The research explores whether the participation and involvement in housing development projects lead to a greater quality of life for the poor and help them with greater access to jobs, quality housing, services, and community. It also addresses how the beneficiaries of housing development projects participated within the projects and analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of housing development programs in meeting the needs of the poor. The research uses theoretical concepts such as poverty, housing, quality of life, and community to contextualize and to explain the situation for the poor and their need for shelter, employment, and services. This dissertation is based on ethnographic research conducted on beneficiary poor populations directly affected by housing development projects in the city of Port Elizabeth in South Africa from October 2005 to June 2006. The development projects used for the research were the Sakhasonke housing subsidy project in Port Elizabeth's Walmer Township and the township of Wells Estate, a resettlement community. Some of the main findings from the research were: 1) receiving quality housing had a significant impact on the quality of life of the residents and they were pleased with the type of housing they received compared to their previous residence, yet their access to jobs and income was still a main concern; 2) Sakhasonke residents communicated more frequently with project developers and management compared to the people of Wells Estate, which led to the Sakhasonke residents having greater understanding of how the project would impact their quality of life; and 3) community and social trust decreased for the people of Wells Estate after they moved to their new homes compared to what they experienced in the their former residences, which leads to further discussion of how new housing can have a significant impact on beneficiaries' ability to develop a sense of community and a greater quality of life.
Dual Majorana universality in thermally induced nonequilibrium
Creators: name: Smirnov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that nonequilibrium nanoscopic systems with Majorana zero modes admit special kind of universality which cannot be classified as of strictly transport or strictly thermodynamic nature. To reveal such kind of Majorana universality we explore purely thermal nonequilibrium states of a quantum dot whose low-energy degrees of freedom are governed by Majorana zero modes. Specifically, the quantum dot is coupled to a topological superconductor, supporting Majorana zero modes, as well as to two normal metallic contacts with the same chemical potentials but different temperatures. It is shown that the Majorana universality in this setup is dual: it is stored inside both the response of the electric current, excited by exclusively the temperature difference, and the quantum dot compressibility. The latter is defined as the derivative of the quantum dot particle number with respect to the chemical potential and forms a universal Majorana ratio with a proper derivative of the electric current that flows in nonequilibrium states of purely thermal nature.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
General Nonlinear 2-Fluid Hydrodynamics of Complex Fluids and Soft Matter
Creators: name: Pleiner, H.
name: Harden, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss general 2-fluid hydrodynamic equations for complex fluids, where one kind is a simple Newtonian fluid, while the other is either liquid-crystalline or polymeric/elastomeric, thus being applicable to lyotropic liquid crystals, polymer solutions, and swollen elastomers. The procedure can easily be generalized to other complex fluid solutions. Special emphasis is laid on such nonlinearities that originate from the 2-fluid description, like the transport part of the total time derivatives. It is shown that the proper velocities, with which the hydrodynamic quantities are convected, cannot be chosen at will, since there are subtle relations among them. Within allowed combinations the convective velocities are generally material dependent. The so-called stress division problem, i.e. how the nematic or elastic stresses are distributed between the two fluids, is shown to depend partially on the choice of the convected velocities, but is otherwise also material dependent. A set of reasonably simplified equations is given as well as a linearized version of an effective concentration dynamics that may be used for comparison with experiments.
THE INFLUENCE OF MATH AND NATURAL SCIENCE DISCOURSE ON BLACK WOMEN'S PERFORMANCE, AND RETENTION IN MATH AND NATURAL SCIENCE
Creators: name: McClendon, Natasha Kanika
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study strives to contribute to the sociological research regarding the experiences of black women in math and science while attending predominately white institutions (PWIs). The goal of this research is to explore the dominant discourses taking place in math and natural science courses through the textual analysis of Washington Post newspaper articles and interviews with black women in math or science based majors at PWIs. A textual analysis was conducted using 17 newspaper articles and 8 face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The findings implicated that cultural capital and identity management were strong themes across interviews. In addition, themes of gender essentialism and representation of women and minority students as mutually exclusive surfaced. As a preliminary study, the findings reflect the need for more research on the discourse in math and science and how it informs public discourses on STEM as well as the identities of black women pursuing STEM fields.
String Field Theory Vertices, Integrability and Boundary States
Creators: name: Boyarsky, A.
name: Kulik, B.
name: Ruchayskiy, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Neumann coefficients of the various vertices in the Witten's open string field theory (SFT). We show that they are not independent, but satisfy an infinite set of algebraic relations. These relations are identified as so-called Hirota identities. Therefore, Neumann coefficients are equal to the second derivatives of tau-function of dispersionless Toda Lattice hierarchy (this tau-function is just the partition sum of normal matrix model). As a result, certain two-vertices of SFT are identified with the boundary states, corresponding to boundary conditions on an arbitrary curve. Such two-vertices can be obtained by the contraction of special surface states with Witten's three vertex. We analyze a class of SFT surface states,which give rise to boundary states under this procedure. We conjecture that these special states can be considered as describing D-branes and other non-perturbative objects as "solitons" in SFT. We consider some explicit examples, one of them is a surface states corresponding to orientifold.
description: 28pages plus appendices, acknowledgments added
title: The geochemistry of fluid processes in the eastern branch of the East African Rift System
Creators: name: Darling, William George
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: The East African Rift System is the world's major continental rift. While much geophysical and petrological attention has been paid to it, at least in the eastern branch ("Eastern Rift"), comparatively little research has been carried out into the geochemistry of rift fluids, despite the potential benefits to theoretical and practical studies. Hydrothermal activity provides the opportunity to sample a very wide range of waters and gases in the Eastern Rift. This thesis combines data from the literature with the results of the author's major investigation into Eastern Rift fluids carried out chiefly in Kenya, though with subsidiary investigations in Ethiopia and Djibouti. A synthetic approach has been adopted, whereby relationships and interactions are cross-referenced as far as possible to illuminate problems, thus demonstrating the usefulness of considering a wide range of fluids in the rift context. After reviews of physiography, geology, geothermics and hydrology of the Eastern Rift, the following topics are considered in detail: (i) chemical and isotopic evidence for water origin, movement and evolution, (ii) chemical and isotopic evidence for gas origin, movement and evolution, and (iii) fluid geothermometry. Within this context some specific aims have been pursued. The strong possibility of longdistance axial flows of groundwater has been shown by use of stable isotopic techniques. Further insights into alkaline hydrological discharge areas have been obtained by a combination of chemical and isotopic approaches. While carbon isotope ratios indicate an apparently homogeneous source of carbon dioxide, the existence of distinct mantle sources for volcanic rocks beneath different parts of the Eastern Rift has been comprehensively demonstrated by use of helium isotope ratios. Following the rather unsatisfactory performance of various gas geothermometers for evaluating geothermal system temperatures, a new relationship based on hydrocarbon breakdown has been developed. The possible use of oxygen isotopes in hydrothermal sinters as indicators of palaeoconditions has been investigated. In conclusion, topics worthy of further research in the Eastern Rift are suggested where the study of fluids would be of benefit.
On extended umbral calculus, oscillator-like algebras and Generalized Clifford Algebra
Creators: name: Kwasniewski, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05A30

description: Some quantum algebras build from deformed oscillator algebras may be described in terms of a particular case of extended umbral calculus. We give here an example of a specific relation between such certain quantum algebras and generalized Clifford algebras also in the context of azimuthal quantization of angular momentum which was interpreted afterwards as the finite dimensional quantum mechanics .
THE INFLUENCE OF MATH AND NATURAL SCIENCE DISCOURSE ON BLACK WOMEN'S PERFORMANCE, AND RETENTION IN MATH AND NATURAL SCIENCE
Creators: name: McClendon, Natasha Kanika
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study strives to contribute to the sociological research regarding the experiences of black women in math and science while attending predominately white institutions (PWIs). The goal of this research is to explore the dominant discourses taking place in math and natural science courses through the textual analysis of Washington Post newspaper articles and interviews with black women in math or science based majors at PWIs. A textual analysis was conducted using 17 newspaper articles and 8 face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The findings implicated that cultural capital and identity management were strong themes across interviews. In addition, themes of gender essentialism and representation of women and minority students as mutually exclusive surfaced. As a preliminary study, the findings reflect the need for more research on the discourse in math and science and how it informs public discourses on STEM as well as the identities of black women pursuing STEM fields.
Paramagnetic spin Hall magnetoresistance
Creators: name: Oyanagi, Koichi
name: Gomez-Perez, Juan M.
name: Zhang, Xian-Peng
name: Kikkawa, Takashi
name: Chen, Yao
name: Sagasta, Edurne
name: Chuvilin, Andrey
name: Hueso, Luis E.
name: Golovach, Vitaly N.
name: Bergeret, F. Sebastian
name: Casanova, Fèlix
name: Saitoh, Eiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) refers to a resistance change in a metallic film reflecting the magnetization direction of a magnet attached to the film. The mechanism of this phenomenon is spin exchange between conduction-electron spins and magnetization at the interface. SMR has been used to read out information written in a small magnet and to detect magnetization dynamics, but it has been limited to magnets; magnetic ordered phases or instability of magnetic phase transition has been believed to be indispensable. Here, we report the observation of SMR in a paramagnetic insulator Gd$_{3}$Ga$_{5}$O$_{12}$ (GGG) without spontaneous magnetization combined with a Pt film. The paramagnetic SMR can be attributed to spin-transfer torque acting on localized spins in GGG. We determine the efficiencies of spin torque and spin-flip scattering at the Pt/GGG interface, and demonstrate these quantities can be tuned with external magnetic fields. The results clarify the mechanism of spin-transport at a metal/paramagnetic insulator interface, which gives new insight into the spintronic manipulation of spin states in paramagnetic systems.
description: 40 pages, 15 figures
Measured Words: Politics and Performance in the Federal Bureaucracy
Creators: name: Putansu, Steven R.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: For nearly 50 years, a fundamental issue of governance has been performance management, and government practitioners and public administration scholars have faced the task of developing and utilizing systems to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of government entities. The costs of the federal government, which continue to increase as a result of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, from federal stimulus in response to the economic collapse of 2008, and from the growing size of mandatory public spending, all coupled with increasing federal debt as a percentage of GDP, continue to exert pressure on the federal government to find ways to meet these goals. However, the relationship between performance management and government decision making is not well-understood, and examples of failed performance efforts occur as often, or more, than examples of success.This research addresses the nexus between government decision making and performance management, specifically exploring whether, how, and the circumstances under which performance information or other technical factors are likely to successfully impact decision making. There are two literatures, which developed separately, that inform this research. The first examines decision making, and offers three types of models to explain decision making processes. The second examines performance management design, implementation, and outcomes, and shows the promises and pitfalls of the performance mindset. The first broadly focuses on political and technical factors that impact decision making, while the second narrowly focuses on the utilization, or lack thereof, of performance information. This is one of the first studies to integrate the lessons from these two literatures in order to understand the successes and failures of performance efforts.Performance management has the potential to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of government programs, but the results of this study indicate that political and technical conflict play an important role in the relative value of factors in the decision making process, and that the use of performance information is influenced by this conflict. This research examines the complexities of the decision making process through applied historical analysis, and contributes to an improved understanding of the potential value of performance management in multiple government contexts.
Moorbodenveränderungen von Versumpfungsmooren – untersucht für die Lewitz in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Changes of peat-soil in water-rise mires – investigated in the Lewitz in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Creators: name: Junghans, Veikko
name: Möller, Diana
name: Zeitz, Jutta
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2013

description: Abstract: Last centuries’ meliorations caused tremendous changes of peat-soils, like peat degradations and peat loss. By an example in the landscape of the Lewitz in the south-western part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania it is shown, how actual properties of peat-soils are influenced by historical land-use. Beside that the site is validated according its mineralisation rate, C-stock and C-release potential. An average loss in peat thickness of 2,9 dm between 1974 and 2011 could be stated. At two specific sites digging stated a decrease of mineralic components in the upper layer in the same period. One background for this is seen in the uncertainty in finding the exact former digging sites, whereas other reasons are physical changes due to agricultural and constructional activities in former times. The actual average carbon stock of the Polder Schwarzer Graben II area is 678 t C ha-1 with an average peat thickness of 6 dm. Between 1974 and 2011 a carbon amount of 134 t C ha-1 was released. This equals an emission rate of approximately 3,6 t C ha-1 a-1.
description: Zusammenfassung: Meliorationen der letzten Jahrhunderte führten zu erheblichen Veränderungen der Moorböden, wie z. B. starke Degradierungen und Moorschwund. Anhand der Moorlandschaft der Lewitz im südwestlichen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern wird gezeigt, inwieweit historische Bewirtschaftungen aktuelle Eigenschaften der Moorkörper beeinflussen. Außerdem wurde eine Bewertung des Standortes hinsichtlich seiner Mineralisierungsrate, des C-Vorrates und des C-Freisetzungspotentials vorgenommen. Der Moorschwund betrug durchschnittlich 2,9 dm von 1974 bis 2011. An zwei Standorten verringerte sich gleichzeitig der Anteil der mineralischen Komponenten in den oberen Bodenschichten. Begründet wird dies mit der unsicheren Wiederfindung der alten Standorte und der am Standort durchgeführten Bodenbearbeitung in Folge von Umbruch sowie durch Baumaßnahmen. Die derzeit gespeicherte Kohlenstoffmenge im Polder Schwarzer Graben II beträgt bei einer durchschnittlichen Moormächtigkeit von 6 dm etwa 678 t C ha-1. Zwischen 1974 und 2011 wurden 134 t C ha-1 freigesetzt. Dies entspricht einer Emissionsrate von etwa 3,6 t C ha-1 a-1.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Evolution of gas disc-embedded intermediate mass ratio inspirals in the LISA band
Creators: name: Derdzinski, A.
name: D'Orazio, D.
name: Duffell, P.
name: Haiman, Z.
name: Macfadyen, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the potential milliHz gravitational wave (GW) sources for the upcoming space-based interferometer LISA are extreme- or intermediate-mass ratio inspirals (EMRI/IMRIs). These events involve the coalescence of supermassive black holes in the mass range $10^5 M_{\odot} \lesssim M \lesssim 10^7 M_{\odot}$ with companion BHs of much lower masses. A subset of E/IMRIs are expected to occur in the accretion discs of active galactic nuclei (AGN), where torques exerted by the disc can interfere with the inspiral and cause a phase shift in the GW waveform. Here we use a suite of two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with the moving-mesh code DISCO to present a systematic study of disc torques. We measure torques on an inspiraling BH and compute the corresponding waveform deviations as a function of the binary mass ratio $q\equiv M_2/M_1$, the disc viscosity ($α$), and gas temperature (or equivalently Mach number; $\mathcal{M}$). We find that the absolute value of the gas torques is within an order of magnitude of previously determined planetary migration torques, but their precise value and sign depends non-trivially on the combination of these parameters. The gas imprint is detectable by LISA for binaries embedded in AGN discs with surface densities above $Σ_0\ge10^{4-6} \rm \, g cm^{-2}$, depending on $q$, $α$ and $\mathcal{M}$. Deviations are most pronounced in discs with higher viscosities, and for E/IMRIs detected at frequencies where LISA is most sensitive. Torques in colder discs exhibit a noticeable dependence on the GW-driven inspiral rate as well as strong fluctuations at late stages of the inspiral. Our results further suggest that LISA may be able to place constraints on AGN disc parameters and the physics of disc-satellite interaction.
Membrane topology and matrix regularization
Creators: name: Shimada, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of membrane topology in the matrix model of M-theory is considered. The matrix regularization procedure, which makes a correspondence between finite-sized matrices and functions defined on a two-dimensional base space, is reexamined. It is found that the information of topology of the base space manifests itself in the eigenvalue distribution of a single matrix. The precise manner of the manifestation is described. The set of all eigenvalues can be decomposed into subsets whose members increase smoothly, provided that the fundamental approximations in matrix regularization hold well. Those subsets are termed as eigenvalue sequences. The eigenvalue sequences exhibit a branching phenomenon which reflects Morse-theoretic information of topology. Furthermore, exploiting the notion of eigenvalue sequences, a new correspondence rule between matrices and functions is constructed. The new rule identifies the matrix elements directly with Fourier components of the corresponding function, evaluated along certain orbits. The rule has semi-locality in the base space, so that it can be used for all membrane topologies in a unified way. A few numerical examples are studied, and consistency with previously known correspondence rules is discussed.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures;(v2)Typos corrected. Information on a reference added;(v3)Further typos corrected. References added. Added a note. Added a comment in section 6
Molecular Tagging Velocimetry in Superfluid Helium-4: Progress, Issues, and Future Development
Creators: name: Guo, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Helium-4 in the superfluid phase (He II) is a two-fluid system that exhibits fascinating quantum hydrodynamics with important scientific and engineering applications. However, the lack of high-precision flow measurement tools in He II has impeded the progress in understanding and utilizing its hydrodynamics. In recent years, there have been extensive efforts in developing quantitative flow visualization techniques applicable to He II. In particular, a powerful molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV) technique, based on tracking thin lines of He$^*_2$ excimer molecules created via femtosecond laser-field ionization in helium, has been developed in our lab. This technique allows unambiguous measurement of the normal-fluid velocity field in the two-fluid system. Nevertheless, there are two limitations of this technique: 1) only the velocity component perpendicular to the tracer line can be measured; and 2) there is an inherent error in determining the perpendicular velocity. In this paper, we discuss how these issues can be resolved by advancing the MTV technique. We also discuss two novel schemes for tagging and producing He$^*_2$ tracers. The first method allows the creation of a tagged He$^*_2$ tracer line without the use of an expensive femtosecond laser. The second method enables full-space velocity field measurement through tracking small clouds of He$^*_2$ molecules created via neutron-$^3$He absorption reactions in He II.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
title: Sexual offending and sentencing: an investigation of the factors affecting sentencing decisions regarding perpetrators of sexual offences against children. In particular an investigation of the impact and usefulness clinical psychology reports have in judicial decisions about sentencing sexual offenders.
Creators: name: Duncan, Paula K.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: The sentencing of sexual offenders has become a national concern with public outcries about the injustice of the diversity of sentencing. Clinical Psychologists working in Forensic settings are increasingly involved in the treatment of child sexual offenders through consultation and therapeutic interventions in out-patient, residential and prison settings. Psychologists in these settings need to determine the characteristics of the sexual offender population they are likely to come in contact with in each of the different settings. This research aims to investigate a range of factors that impact and influence decisions about the sentencing of sexual offenders. A mixed methodological approach comprising case-file audit, qualitative interviews and statistical tests of association and prediction of variance was used to investigate the research area from different perspectives. A comprehensive profile of characteristics of child sexual offender's and their offences was obtained from audit data on 117 perpetrators of sexual offences against children. Statistical analysis of a number of these characteristics found that Psychological report recommendations were the most predictive of sentencing outcome when all other tested variables had been taken into account. The impact and influence of psychological reports in the sentencing process was further highlighted through interviews with Judges.