cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generalized Covariant Entropy Bound in Lanczos-Lovelock Gravity
Creators: name: Zhang, Ming
name: Jiang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the generalized covariant entropy bound in the theory where the Einstein gravity is perturbed by the higher-order Lovelock terms. After replacing the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy with the Jacobson-Myers entropy and introducing two reasonable physical assumptions, we showed that the corresponding generalized covariant entropy bound is satisfied under a higher-order approximation of the perturbation from the higher-order Lovelock terms. Our result implies that the Jacobson-Myers entropy strictly obeys the entropy bound under the perturbation level, and the generalized second law of Lanczos-Lovelock gravity is also satisfied when the Einstein gravity is perturbed by the higher-order Lovelock terms.
description: 7 pages
Observations of water with Herschel/HIFI toward the high-mass protostar AFGL 2591
Creators: name: Choi, Y.
name: van der Tak, F. F. S.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Herpin, F.
name: Wyrowski, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water is a sensitive tracer of physical conditions in star-forming regions because of its large abundance variations between hot and cold regions. We use spectrally resolved observations of rotational lines of H$_2$O and its isotopologs with Herschel/HIFI to constrain the physical conditions of the water emitting region toward the high-mass protostar AFGL2591. We use analytical estimates and rotation diagrams to estimate T$_{ex}$ and column densities of H$_2$O of the envelope, the outflow, and a foreground cloud. Furthermore, we use the non-LTE radiative transfer code to estimate the temperature and volume density of the H$_2$O emitting gas. Assuming LTE, we estimate an T$_{ex}$ of 42 K and a column density of 2$\times$10$^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$ for the envelope and 45 K and 4$\times$10$^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$ for the outflow, in beams of 4" and 30", respectively. Non-LTE models indicate a kinetic temperature of 60-230 K and a volume density of 7$\times$10$^6$-10$^8$ cm$^{-3}$ for the envelope, and a kinetic temperature of 70-90 K and a gas density of 10$^7$-10$^8$ cm$^{-3}$ for the outflow. The o/p ratio of the foreground absorption is 1.9$\pm$0.4, suggesting a low temperature. In contrast, the o/p ratio seen in absorption by the outflow is 3.5$\pm$1.0, as expected for warm gas. The water abundance in the envelope is 10$^{-9}$, similar to the low values found for other high- and low-mass protostars, suggesting that this abundance is constant during the embedded phase of high-mass star formation. The water abundance in the outflow is 10$^{-10}$, which is 10$\times$ lower than in the envelope and in the outflows of high- and low-mass protostars. Since beam size effects can only increase this estimate by a factor of 2, we suggest that the water in the outflow is affected by dissociating UV radiation due to the low extinction in the outflow lobe.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Zoo of holographic moving mirrors
Creators: name: Akal, Ibrahim
name: Kawamoto, Taishi
name: Ruan, Shan-Ming
name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
name: Wei, Zixia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically study moving mirror models in two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). By focusing on their late-time behavior, we separate the mirror profiles into four classes, named type A (timelike) mirrors, type B (escaping) mirrors, type C (chasing) mirrors, and type D (terminated) mirrors. We analytically explore the characteristic features of the energy flux and entanglement entropy for each type and work out their physical interpretation. Moreover, we construct their gravity duals for which end-of-the-world (EOW) branes play a crucial role. Depending on the mirror type, the profiles of the EOW branes show distinct behaviors. In addition, we also provide a criterion that decides whether the replica method in CFTs computes entanglement entropy or pseudo entropy in moving mirror models.
description: 42 pages, 2 appendices, many figures; v2: references added
Interpretation of Mössbauer experiment in a rotating system: a new proof for general relativity
Creators: name: Corda, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A historical experiment by Kündig on the transverse Doppler shift in a rotating system measured with the Mössbauer effect has been recently first re-analyzed and then replied [1,2]. The results have shown that a correct re-processing of Kündig's experimental data gives a deviation of a relative redshift between emission and absorption resonant lines from the prediction due to relativistic dilatation of time, which, at first-order in \frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}, gives a redshift \frac{\nabla E}{E}\simeq-\frac{1}{2}\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}} where v is the tangential velocity of the absorber of resonant radiationa and c is the velocity of light in vacuum. Data re-processing gave \frac{\nabla E}{E}\simeq-k\frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}} with k=0.596\pm0.006. Subsequent new experimental results [2] have shown a redshift with k=0.68\pm0.03 instead. Using Einstein Equivalence Principle on the equivalence between the gravitational "force" and the pseudo-force experienced by an observer in a rotating frame of reference, here we re-analyze the theoretical framework of Mössbauer rotor experiments directly in the rotating frame through a general relativistic treatment. We show that previous analyses missed an important effect of clock synchronization and that the correct general relativistic prevision in the rotating frame gives k\simeq\frac{2}{3} in perfect agreement with the new experimental results. Such an effect of clock synchronization has been missed in various papers in the literature with some subsequent claim of invalidity of relativity theory and/or some attempts to explain the experimental results through "exotic" effects. Our general relativistic interpretation shows, instead, that the new experimental results of the Mössbauer rotor experiment are a new, strong and independent, proof of general relativity. Finally, we discuss an analogy with the use of general relativity in Global Positioning Systems.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Annals of Physics
X-ray polarization fluctuations induced by cloud eclipses in active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Marin, F.
name: Dovciak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2.3; J.2.9
subject: 85-05

description: Context: A fraction of active galactic nuclei (AGN) show dramatic X-ray spectral changes on the day-to-week time scales associated with variation in the line of sight of the cold absorber. Aims: We intend to model the polarization fluctuations arising from an obscuration event, thereby offering a method of determining whether flux variations are due to occultation or extreme intrinsic emission variability. Methods: Undertaking 1 - 100 keV polarimetric simulations with the Monte Carlo code STOKES, we simulated the journey of a variety of cold gas clouds in front of an extended primary source. We varied the hydrogen column density nH and size of the absorber, as well as the initial polarization state of the emitting source, to cover a wide range of scenarios. Results: For unpolarized primary fluxes, large (about 50deg) variations of the polarization position angle psi are expected before and after an occultation event, which is associated with very low residual polarization degrees (P lower than 1 per cent). In the case of an emitting disk with intrinsic, position-independent polarization, and for a given range of parameters, X-ray eclipses significantly alter the observed polarization spectra, with most of the variations seen in psi. Finally, non-uniformly polarized emitting regions produce very distinctive polarization variations due to the successive covering and uncovering of different portions of the disk. Plotted against time, variations in P and psi form detectable P~Cygni type profiles that are distinctive signatures of non-axisymmetric emission. Conclusions: Polarization measurements are thus particularly adapted to distinguish between intrinsic intensity fluctuations and external eclipsing events, constrain the geometry of the covering medium, and test the hypothesis of non-uniformly emitting disks predicted by general relativity.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 10 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 10: Figure S9. ESI-MS/MS spectrum of 4.
Effective viscosity of semi-dilute suspensions
Creators: name: Duerinckx, Mitia
name: Gloria, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This review is devoted to the large-scale rheology of suspensions of rigid particles in Stokes fluid. After describing recent results on the definition of the effective viscosity of such systems in the framework of homogenization theory, we turn to our new results on the asymptotic expansion of the effective viscosity in the dilute regime. This includes an optimal proof of Einstein's viscosity formula for the first-order expansion, as well as the continuation of this expansion to higher orders. The essential difficulty originates in the long-range nature of hydrodynamic interactions: suitable renormalizations are needed and are captured by means of diagrammatic expansions.
description: 14 pages
Mobilization and partitioning of rare earth elements in the presence of humic acids and siderophores
Creators: name: Liu, X.-M.
name: Li, W.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Developing rare earth elements (plus yttrium, REY) as a group of environmental tracer requires comprehensive understandings in their geochemical behaviors associated with natural organic matter. Recent work highlighted the promotions on REY mobilization and cerium oxidation by siderophores during silicate dissolution, but the mechanism remained ambiguous. Here, we performed batch fluid-rock interaction experiments to explore the functions of siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) and humic acids (HA) towards REY mobility and partitioning during REY-bearing ferrihydrite dissolution. To acquire in-depth knowledge of organic controls on REY, we used multiple strategies, including elemental, multispectral, and electrochemical analyses, to investigate the organic regulation on REY geochemistry. This study sheds light on the function of ligand-specific selectivity and solid-fluid organic molecular fractionation, primarily dependent on hydrochemical settings (pH, organic compounds, ionic strength, and oxicity). Our results confirm the catalytic oxidation ability of ligand, which forms DFOB-Ce(IV) (K = 1042, electrochemistry), producing positive Ce anomalies in solutions by ligand-driven redox shifting. Both HA and DFOB showed high affinities to HREY, and facilitated LREY/HREY partitioning. The mobilization of REY and the development of Ce anomalies were limited by HA coatings that modified surface properties and disturbed the approach of DFOB. Excess siderophores attack inert HA coatings, facilitating REY liberation and Ce redox activities. The release of REY and catalytic oxidation of Ce can be inhibited at high ionic strength or under oxygen deficiency. Our study reveals that natural organic matter significantly influences the fate of REY in iron oxides, and crucial for the biogeochemical cycles of REY in nature.
Toxic Substances Control in the 1990s: Are We Poisoning Ourselves with Low-level Exposures?
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B
name: Ennever, Fanny K.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The production of synthetic organic chemicals has risen from less than one billion pounds in 1920 to 23 billion pounds in 1945, 75 billion pounds in 1960, to 213 billion pounds in 1988 (Figure 1) (12, 16). Most Americans wake up to synthetic fabrics in their bed cloths and clothing; they eat food (grown with pesticides and fertilizers made from these synthetic chemicals) packed in plastics; they are transported to their jobs in a vehicle that is composed largely of plastics and fueled by organic chemicals; synthetic materials are an essential part of their work. In addition to the synthetic organic materials, most Americans are exposed to large quantities of natural toxins, such as mercury and lead, and eat numerous natural pesticides and cooking-produced toxic compounds (3, 50). Constant exposure to potentially toxic substances is a fact of modem life-and was a fact of life before the first synthetic chemicals.
Spin-wave localization on phasonic defects in one-dimensional magnonic quasicrystal
Creators: name: Mieszczak, Szymon
name: Krawczyk, Maciej
name: Kłos, Jarosław W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the evolution of the spin-wave spectrum under structural disorder introduced intentionally into one-dimensional magnonic quasicrystal. We study theoretically a system composed of ferromagnetic strips arranged in a Fibonacci sequence. We considered several stages of disorder in the form of phasonic defects, where different rearrangements of strips are introduced. By transition from the quasiperiodic order towards disorder, we show a gradual degradation of spin-waves fractal spectra and closing of the frequency gaps. In particular, the phasonic defects lead to the disappearance of the van Hove singularities at the frequency gap edges by moving modes into the frequency gaps and appearing new modes inside the frequency gaps. These modes disperse and eventually can close the gap, with increasing disorder levels. The work reveals how the the presence of disorder modifies the intrinsic spin wave localization existing in undefected magnonic quasicrystals. The paper contributes to the knowledge of magnonic Fibonacci quasicrystals and opens the way to study of the phasonic defects in two-dimensional magnonic quasicrystals.
Unwrapping Packaging: Does It Pay, and “How”! The Role of Aesthetically Appealing Packaging in Product Valuation
Creators: name: Tanuka  Ghoshal
name: Boatwright, Peter
name: Cagan, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: There is little to no research specifically studying whether aesthetically appealing packaging (AAP) plays a role in the evaluation and experience of products. Do products truly benefit from AAP? Do all types of products benefit equally? In this paper, we firstly provide empirical evidence demonstrating the influence of AAP on product valuation and product attitude. We also propose and test a conceptual model of packaging. We find that AAP positively impacts product valuation and attitude for hedonic products but offers no such benefits for utilitarian products. We propose a dual cognitive-affective process of how AAP may positively impact product attitude and valuation, which produces differential effects for utilitarian and hedonic products. We further find that for familiar brands, affective reactions play a greater role than cognitive reactions in mediating the impact of packaging on product attitude, suggesting that the influence of AAP may be at a more nonconscious automatic level. We present this work as a significant first step toward a fuller understanding of the conceptual role of packaging in the entire product experience.
Uncertain science: H1N1 and the World Health Organisation
Creators: name: Abeysinghe, Sudeepa Margaret
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: RA644.I6 A24 2011
subject: World Health Organization
subject: H1N1 influenza
subject: Epidemics Social aspects
subject: World health

description: On the 11th June 2009, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the spread of influenza A/H1N1 virus to constitute a pandemic event. This declaration, the first in 40 years, resulted in the implementation of pandemic preparedness plans and reinforced expectations of an imminent global catastrophe. However, H1N1 failed to produce high morbidity and mortality, leading to criticism of the WHO's actions. Through the analysis of WHO documents, this thesis examines the Organisation's representation and management of the H1Nl pandemic. The thesis also examines texts produced by the Council of Europe, a key critic of the WHO, to demonstrate the contestation of the WHO's narrative and the fluidity of scientific fact-making surrounding the phenomena. Through the perspective of the sociology of scientific knowledge, and drawing upon the sociology of risk and the sociology of institutions, the research explores the way in which the WHO's representation of H1N1 was rendered vulnerable to contestation, and examines the social context in which the WHO was acting. The thesis argues that the WHO's construction of H1N1 was susceptible to contestation due to its instability as a scientific fact. The WHO's construction was fragile in a number of fundamental aspects, including: representations of the nature of the virus; the categorisation of H1N1 as a 'pandemic'; the construction of a robust risk discourse, and; the management of HINI through the means of mass vaccination. These unstable narratives were a product of the social context surrounding HINI, which included: the presence of a high level of scientific uncertainty surrounding the virus; the previously black-boxed and ill-defined nature of key concepts surrounding the event, such as 'severity' and 'pandemic'; the institutional structure of the WHO, and; the contemporary structuring of global public health. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that while pandemic events are a matter of public concern, they are not matters of (incontestable or objective scientific) fact. Furthermore, it illustrates the context of scientific uncertainty in which decision making institutions must act in the management of contemporary global risks. This analysis thereby demonstrates the need for a critical sociology of infectious disease, and contributes to an understanding of the construction and management of contemporary global risks.
The Value of Better Weather Information to the Raisin Industry
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This report utilizes decision theory to investigate the possible benefits of better weather information to California raisin growers. A supply curve is fitted to the raisin industry and used to evaluate the importance of various factors: weather is of overwhelming importance. Subsequent analysis focuses on the most vulnerable aspect of raisin production: its dependence on early forecasts of rain in September and October when the grapes are being dried and in danger of being damaged by rain. Section 1, in the tradition of micro-economic, partial equilibrium analysis, is concerned with the value of weather information to a single grower. Only the grower focused upon is assumed to receive the better information. This assumption implies there is high value for forecasting rain three weeks in advance. A figure of 90.95 per acre is the value of perfect three week forecasts. Were this value to be realized for each bearing acre in 1960, the total value of better weather information to the raisin industry would be 20,300,000. But merely summing across firms to get industry totals may lead to a fallacy of composition: the analysis must be extended to a wider partial equilibrium framework. Section 2 examines the value of better weather information to the raisin industry as a whole. Since costs are not greatly affected by improved weather information, profit differences are closely approximated by changes in revenue. The elasticity of demand for raisins is calculated from a demand curve fitted to industry data. The inelasticity of demand causes profit to fall under the impact of better information, at least in the short run. The scope of the analysis is then extended to other industries. Using this wider viewpoint, the Conclusion examines the possibility of a simple tax that would reallocate land and labor. The presence of released resources seems to imply a clear gain for better information. However, the basis of such a gain is positive value for these resources in other uses. But the short run inelasticity of other possible products makes it clear that, at least in the short run, better weather information results in net loss. However, some relief is offered through the possibility of regulation. An Appendix examines the question of the value of inaccurate forecasts.
Dynamical Casimir effect and minimal temperature in quantum thermodynamics
Creators: name: Benenti, G.
name: Strini, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fundamental limitations of cooling to absolute zero for a qubit, interacting with a single mode of the electromagnetic field. Our results show that the dynamical Casimir effect, which is unavoidable in any finite-time thermodynamic cycle, forbids the attainability of the absolute zero of temperature, even in the limit of an infinite number of cycles.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Secuencia didáctica: fortalecimiento de las competencias en la comprensión y aplicación de conceptos matemáticos en la resolución de problemas de suma y resta de números enteros a través de una estrategia pedagógica basada en aprendizaje significativo y la herramienta tecnológica Wix, en los estudiantes de grado 702 del colegio Estanislao Zuleta Institución Educativa en el periodo 2022-2023".
Creators: name: Sepúlveda Dia, Elci Yamile
name: Torres Delgado, Luz Saida
name: Vidal Velásquez, Yenci Lorena
Publisher: name: Universidad de Cartagena
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plataforma virtual
subject: Matemática - Aprendizaje
subject: Matemáticas - Enseñanza con ayuda de computadores

description: Este proyecto tiene como objeto fortalecer las competencias en la comprensión y aplicación de conceptos matemáticos para la resolución de problemas de suma y resta de números enteros mediante la implementación de una estrategia didáctica basada en secuencias didácticas y el uso de la herramienta tecnológica Wix con la creación de un blog digital en los estudiantes del grado 702 del colegio Estanislao Zuleta IED en el periodo 2022- 2023. Los objetivos específicos incluyen realizar un diagnóstico de las habilidades y conocimientos previos de los estudiantes, diseñar un plan de actividades pedagógicas y 10 tecnológicas, implementar el plan en el aula y evaluar los resultados. En el marco referencial se revisa la investigación existente sobre el tema y se presentan las bases contextuales del colegio Estanislao Zuleta. El proyecto busca mejorar la comprensión y aplicación de conceptos matemáticos y fomentar la participación de los alumnos para aprender la temática importante para la secuencia de la matemática de los grados superiores y para la aplicación en la vida cotidiana.El trabajo de grado se enfoca en la dificultad de los estudiantes del grado 702 del colegio Estanislao Zuleta en la enseñanza de las matemáticas, específicamente en la suma y resta de números enteros, debido a falencias en el proceso de interpretación de signos y ubicación de cantidades. Se identifica que las malas prácticas de aprendizaje en las matemáticas y la falta de implementación de otros métodos de enseñanza que motiven a los estudiantes a querer aprender son las causas de la problemática.
The electoral impact of tax: a comparative study of Sweden and Australia
Creators: name: Compston, Hugh
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Elections Sweden
subject: Elections Australia
subject: Voting research Sweden
subject: Voting research Australia
subject: Taxation Sweden
subject: Taxation Australia

description: The purpose of this thesis is to test a number of hypotheses concerning the electoral impact of tax by undertaking a historical and statistical analysis of the relevant evidence in Sweden, a high tax country, and Australia, a low tax country, over the period 1958 to 1988. My results give some support to all the major hypotheses tested: Sweden's higher tax levels were associated with higher tax aversion than in Australia; the largest tax rises were associated with incumbent governments losing votes at the next election; and the introduction of major new taxes was also associated with incumbent governments losing votes at the next election. Furthermore, national differences seemed to be important in that tax rises overall were associated with vote gains by the Left in Sweden but the Right in Australia. In addition, when the Right outbid the Left on promising to cut tax, the Left tended to gain in Sweden but the Right gained in Australia. In conjunction with the statistical finding that expenditure rises appeared to benefit the Left in Sweden but the Right in Australia, and that Swedes are more supportive of progressivity and income equalization than Australians, this implies that voters in Sweden were more inclined than Australian voters to focus on the benefits of increased taxation, namely expenditure and income equalization, and that in electoral terms this tended to offset the generally greater tax aversion in the Swedish electorate. One reason for this difference between the two countries is that the Left- Right party distinction on tax is much sharper in Sweden than in Australia both in reality and in the minds of the electorate. This is possibly linked to conservative control of the media in Australia, which inhibits the general dissemination of pro-tax arguments and forces Labor to compete more vigorously on tax cuts than is necessary for the Social Democrats in Sweden, where social democratic ideas do find expression in the media. The Australian media may also have contributed to the rise in tax aversion over time in Australia. My general conclusion is that although actual tax changes did help to explain election results, these effects were strongly conditioned by essentially political factors, in particular differences between the two countries concerning the nature of party competition on tax and the partisan complexion of the media.
Trends and Patterns of WWW Browsing Behavior
Creators: name: Montgomery, Alan
name: Faloutsos, Christos
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Are there any trends in web browsing behavior by individual users? On the popularity of web sites?
On the frequency of revisitation? These are questions that we address in this work. Our study uses an
extensive clickstream data from U.S. households from July 1997 to December 1999. It is unique, for several
reasons: (1) it uses an extensive clickstream data from U.S. households for a long interval (30 months), and
(2) it uses web viewing patterns captured from the browser window, as opposed to relying upon hits
recorded in server logs, and (3) these users comprise a representative sample of U.S. web users. We present
some surprising empirical regularities that seem to hold consistently for the time-span of our dataset.
Specifically, we found that (a) the growth of the internet usage seems exponential over time, with a growth
rate of about 2.4% per month (b) the growth is mainly due to the new users, while the per-user behavior
seems to remain stable over time (c) the popularity of web sites (visits per month per user) seems to follow a
power law, with slope about -1.2 (d) the ‘stickiness’, that is, revisitation patterns (inter-arrival times) follows
another power law, with slope -.6.
Active optics for high-dynamic variable curvature mirrors
Creators: name: Hugot, Emmanuel
name: Ferrari, Marc
name: Lemaitre, Gerard R.
name: Madec, Fabrice
name: Vives, Sebastien
name: Chardin, Elodie
name: Mignant, David Le
name: Cuby, Jean Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variable curvature mirrors of large amplitude are designed by using finite element analysis. The specific case studied reaches at least a 800 μm sag with an optical quality better than λ/5 over a 120 mm clear aperture. We highlight the geometrical nonlinearity and the plasticity effect.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures
Visual Data Analysis with Task-based Recommendations
Creators: name: Shen, Leixian
name: Shen, Enya
name: Tai, Zhiwei
name: Xu, Yihao
name: Wang, Jianmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: General visualization recommendation systems typically make design decisions for the dataset automatically. However, most of them can only prune meaningless visualizations but fail to recommend targeted results. This paper contributes TaskVis, a task-oriented visualization recommendation system that allows users to select their tasks precisely on the interface. We first summarize a task base with 18 classical analytic tasks by a survey both in academia and industry. On this basis, we maintain a rule base, which extends empirical wisdom with our targeted modeling of the analytic tasks. Then, our rule-based approach enumerates all the candidate visualizations through answer set programming. After that, the generated charts can be ranked by four ranking schemes. Furthermore, we introduce a task-based combination recommendation strategy, leveraging a set of visualizations to give a brief view of the dataset collaboratively. Finally, we evaluate TaskVis through a series of use cases and a user study.
description: 16 pages 10 figures. Data Sci. Eng. (2022)
Additional file 11 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 11: Table S2. NMR data of 4 in DMSO-d6.
Efficient Methods for Approximating the Shapley Value for Asset Sharing in Energy Communities
Creators: name: Cremers, Sho
name: Robu, Valentin
name: Zhang, Peter
name: Andoni, Merlinda
name: Norbu, Sonam
name: Flynn, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: With the emergence of energy communities, where a number of prosumers invest in shared generation and storage, the issue of fair allocation of benefits is increasingly important. The Shapley value has attracted increasing interest for redistribution in energy settings - however, computing it exactly is intractable beyond a few dozen prosumers. In this paper, we first conduct a systematic review of the literature on the use of Shapley value in energy-related applications, as well as efforts to compute or approximate it. Next, we formalise the main methods for approximating the Shapley value in community energy settings, and propose a new one, which we call the stratified expected value approximation. To compare the performance of these methods, we design a novel method for exact Shapley value computation, which can be applied to communities of up to several hundred agents by clustering the prosumers into a smaller number of demand profiles. We perform a large-scale experimental comparison of the proposed methods, for communities of up to 200 prosumers, using large-scale, publicly available data from two large-scale energy trials in the UK (UKERC Energy Data Centre, 2017, UK Power Networks Innovation, 2021). Our analysis shows that, as the number of agents in the community increases, the relative difference to the exact Shapley value converges to under 1% for all the approximation methods considered. In particular, for most experimental scenarios, we show that there is no statistical difference between the newly proposed stratified expected value method and the existing state-of-the-art method that uses adaptive sampling (O'Brien et al., 2015), although the cost of computation for large communities is an order of magnitude lower.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures, Published in Elsevier Applied Energy
Generalized symmetries and Noether's theorem in QFT
Creators: name: Benedetti, Valentin
name: Casini, Horacio
name: Magan, Javier M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that generalized symmetries cannot be charged under a continuous global symmetry having a Noether current. Further, only non-compact generalized symmetries can be charged under a continuous global symmetry. These results follow from a finer classification of twist operators, which naturally extends to finite group global symmetries. They unravel topological obstructions to the strong version of Noether's theorem in QFT, even if under general conditions a global symmetry can be implemented locally by twist operators (weak version). We use these results to rederive Weinberg-Witten's theorem within local QFT, generalizing it to massless particles in arbitrary dimensions and representations of the Lorentz group. Several examples with local twists but without Noether currents are described. We end up discussing the conditions for the strong version to hold, dynamical aspects of QFT's with non-compact generalized symmetries, scale vs conformal invariance in QFT, connections with the Coleman-Mandula theorem and aspects of global symmetries in quantum gravity.
description: 47 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 12 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 12: Figure S10. Atom numbering and selected COSY (bold lines) and HMBC (red arrows) in 5.
Evaluación formativa mediada por la Gamificación: una intervención pedagógica que busca fortalecer la resolución de situaciones problema que involucren operaciones básicas con números racionales en estudiantes del grado quinto de la Institución Educativa La Candelaria.
Creators: name: Correa Amaya, Elizabeth
name: Carreño Reyes, Eduardo
name: Serpa Serpa, Steve Rafael
Publisher: name: Universidad de Cartagena
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimedia Interactiva en la Educación
subject: Matemática - Aprendizaje
subject: Matemáticas - Enseñanza con ayuda de computadores

description: Este proyecto tiene como objeto fortalecer la evaluación formativa en resolución de situaciones problema que involucran operaciones básicas con números racionales mediada por la gamificación a través de un objeto virtual de aprendizaje en estudiantes del grado quinto de la Institución educativa La Candelaria comuna uno del municipio de Medellín Antioquia. Esta investigación se implementó por la apatía de los estudiantes en las evaluaciones tradicionales y su bajo rendimiento por la poca retroalimentación que en ellos se evidenciaban para fortalecer las debilidades que los mismos presentaban. Para los fines del proyecto el estudio se desarrolló con un enfoque mixto y un modelo descriptivo de investigación acción pedagógica (IAP), promoviendo y fortaleciendo en ellos la motivación para participar de los procesos evaluativos orientados en el área de matemáticas; a esto se implementó una intervención pedagógica a treves de un objeto virtual de aprendizaje, con actividades gamificadas, la estrategia se acompañó de la implementación la evaluación formativa a través de la retroalimentación para el fortalecimiento de los procedimientos orientados y poder alcanzar los objetivos propuestos.
Experimental investigation of lithium isotope fractionation during kaolinite adsorption: Implications for chemical weathering
Creators: name: Li, W.
name: Liu, X.-M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2020

description: The feedback between CO2 sources and sinks through chemical weathering is one of the important reasons why Earth has maintained a habitable climate for over four billion years. The lithium (Li) isotopic system is a promising tracer of silicate weathering, but the mechanisms causing its isotope fractionation during weathering remain ambiguous. Here, we performed batch experiments of Li adsorption to one of the common clay minerals -kaolinite in three sets, including the time-series, pH-dependent, and concentration-control sets. Our results demonstrate that the liquid-solid Li isotope fractionation reaches up to 36‰, with up to 99% initial Li being adsorbed on kaolinite. The magnitudes of Li adsorption and isotope fractionation increase with reaction time, and reach the steady-state after ∼1000 min. The magnitude of Li isotope fractionation increases with the adsorption ratio of Li, in positive relationships with solute pH and ionic strength. At constant solute pH = 8.5 and ionic strength of 0.001 M, the adsorption ratio and isotope fractionation of Li on kaolinite reach the maximum with the lowest initial Li concentration of 2 μM. In experiments, Li is removed by kaolinite as the inner-sphere and/or outer-sphere complexes, likely followed by structural occupation as supported by incomplete desorption. We model the Li isotope fractionation in all three sets, which can be best described by Rayleigh distillation models. In summary, significant Li isotope fractionation occurs following a kinetic law in closed-systems during adsorption on kaolinite. Adsorption-driven isotope fractionation conforms to a kinetic solid-liquid isotope fractionation factor α ∼ 0.992, consistent with theoretical ion-desolvation between complexed and dissolved ions (α = 0.9925, Hofmann et al., 2012). This study reveals a vital kinetic role of clay uptake in Li isotope fractionation during chemical weathering, suggesting rapid forward adsorption reaction versus relatively slow backward reaction. The dominance of the kinetic mechanism over the equilibrium mechanism further explains field observations from rivers worldwide. Given above, the outcome of this study calls for additional attention on low-temperature kinetic Li isotope fractionation at Earth's surface and further refinement of quantitative models using geological Li records to trace weathering and reconstruct climate.
Trust Across Borders: Buyer-Supplier Trust in Global B2B E-commerce
Creators: name: Koh, Tat Koon
name: Fichman, Mark
name: Kraut, Robert
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Trust is important in all business, but especially in global e-commerce, even as it is more difficult to develop. This study examines two antecedents of trust in global B2B e-commerce highlighted by information signaling theory: (1) buyers‟ perceptions of the integrity and legal structure of the suppliers‟ country of origin, and (2) third-party verifications of suppliers. Findings from a survey of organizational buyers on a B2B exchange are: (1) perceptions of suppliers‟ country attributes and supplier verifications have direct and moderated effects on buyers‟ trust, and (2) buyers‟ trust in suppliers positively affects their supplier-selection decisions.
Additional file 13 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 13: Figure S11. 1H NMR spectrum of 5 in DMSO-d6.
Antiviral and clinical activity of bamlanivimab in a randomized trial of non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19
Creators: name: Hughes, M.D.
name: Ritz, J.
name: Moser, C.
name: Price, K.
name: Giganti, M.
name: Perelson, A.S.
name: Li, Y.
name: Currier, J.S.
name: Nirula, A.
name: Klekotka, P.
name: Li, J.Z.
name: Chew, K.W.
name: Choudhary, M.C.
name: Wohl, D.A.
name: Ribeiro, R.M.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Fischer, W.
name: Deo, R.
name: ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team
name: Javan, A.C.
name: Daar, E.S.
name: Malvestutto, C.
name: Fletcher, C.V.
name: Coombs, R.W.
name: Bala, V.
name: Smith, D.M.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2022

description: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies are mainstay COVID-19 therapeutics. Safety, antiviral, and clinical efficacy of bamlanivimab were evaluated in the randomized controlled trial ACTIV-2/A5401. Non-hospitalized adults were randomized 1:1 within 10 days of COVID-19 symptoms to bamlanivimab or blinded-placebo in two dose-cohorts (7000 mg, n = 94; 700 mg, n = 223). No differences in bamlanivimab vs placebo were observed in the primary outcomes: proportion with undetectable nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA at days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 (risk ratio = 0.82-1.05 for 7000 mg [p(overall) = 0.88] and 0.81-1.21 for 700 mg [p(overall) = 0.49]), time to symptom improvement (median 21 vs 18.5 days [p = 0.97], 7000 mg; 24 vs 20.5 days [p = 0.08], 700 mg), or grade 3+ adverse events. However, bamlanivimab was associated with lower day 3 nasopharyngeal viral levels and faster reductions in inflammatory markers and viral decay by modeling. This study provides evidence of faster reductions in nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels but not shorter symptom durations in non-hospitalized adults with early variants of SARS-CoV-2.
$Z_{cs}(3985)$ in next-to-leading-order chiral effective field theory -- the first truncation uncertainty analysis
Creators: name: Zhai, Qing-Yu
name: Liu, Ming-Zhu
name: Lu, Jun-Xu
name: Geng, Li-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the $D_s^-D^{*0}$/$D_s^{*-}D^0$ interaction and the $Z_{cs}(3985)$ state in chiral effective field theory(EFT) up to the next-to-leading order. We examine the relative importance of the leading-order contact, one-eta exchange, next-to-leading-order contact, and two-kaon-exchange contributions. We show that the leading-order and next-to-leading-order contact contributions play the most important role such that the $Z_{cs}(3985)$ state qualifies as a $D_s^-D^{*0}$/$D_s^{*-}D^0$ resonance. On the other hand, the weak one-eta-exchange and weakly energy-dependent two-kaon-exchange contributions are less important in dynamically generating the $Z_{cs}(3985)$ state, indicating that chiral EFT is less predictive in the present situation. Furthermore, we apply the Bayesian method to estimate chiral truncation uncertainties and find that they are of similar magnitude as their statistical counterparts. Our study shows that if $Z_c(3900)$ exists, then SU(3)-flavor symmetry also predicts $Z_{cs}(3985)$ with a certain robustness, i.e., both can be accommodated in the chiral EFT with dominant contact contributions.
description: 8 pages,5 figures
A Magnetogram-matching Method for Energizing Magnetic Flux Ropes Toward Eruption
Creators: name: Titov, Viacheslav S.
name: Downs, Cooper
name: Török, Tibor
name: Linker, Jon A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new ``helicity-pumping'' method for energizing coronal equilibria that contain a magnetic flux rope (MFR) toward an eruption. We achieve this in a sequence of magnetohydrodynamics relaxations of small line-tied pulses of magnetic helicity, each of which is simulated by a suitable rescaling of the current-carrying part of the field. The whole procedure is ``magnetogram-matching'' because it involves no changes to the normal component of the field at the photospheric boundary. The method is illustrated by applying it to an observed force-free configuration whose MFR is modeled with our regularized Biot--Savart law method. We find that, in spite of the bipolar character of the external field, the MFR eruption is sustained by two reconnection processes. The first, which we refer to as breakthrough reconnection, is analogous to breakout reconnection in quadrupolar configurations. It occurs at a quasi-separator inside a current layer that wraps around the erupting MFR and is caused by the photospheric line-tying effect. The second process is the classical flare reconnection, which develops at the second quasi-separator inside a vertical current layer that is formed below the erupting MFR. Both reconnection processes work in tandem with the magnetic forces of the unstable MFR to propel it through the overlying ambient field, and their interplay may also be relevant for the thermal processes occurring in the plasma of solar flares. The considered example suggests that our method will be beneficial for both the modeling of observed eruptive events and theoretical studies of eruptions in idealized magnetic configurations.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, new comments and references added, relative magnetic helicity calculated, fig. 2 modified, typos corrected, accepted to ApJ
Unemployment, Gold, Money and Forecasts of Inflation
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Conventional wisdom in the United States holds that money growth is now irrelevant for judging Federal Reserve action or inflation. Various reasons are offered to explain this striking departure from basic economics. The most common explanation is that financial innovation has distorted the growth rates of monetary aggregates and the meaning of "money."