cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The performance of Japanese mutual funds
Creators: name: Cai, Jun
name: Chan, K. C.
name: Yamada, Takeshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: We analyze the performance of Japanese open-type stock mutual funds for the 1981-1992 period. The results show that, regardless of the performance measures and benchmarks employed, most of the Japanese mutual funds underperform the benchmarks by between 3.6% to 10.8% per annum. These funds tend to invest more in large stocks with low book-to-market ratios. But this feature does not explain the underperformance. A potential explanation is the dilution effect caused by inflows of funds. In Japan, a new investor of an open-type fund only pays in the after-tax value of the net asset value. We conduct a bootstrap experiment to assess the magnitude of this dilution effect.
Leaf Age-related Acclimation in the Photosynthetic Capacity and Fractional Investments of Leaf Nitrogen in Grapevines of Different Ages
Creators: name: Rawee Chiarawipa
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Carbon assimilation
Leaf structural traits
Photosynthesis model
Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency
Seasonal changes

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 99-113
Unemployment and the Economics of Gradualist Policy Reform
Creators: name: Gavin, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper investigates the efficiency of adjustment to economic reform programs when the cost of adjustment arises from the unemployment that can be generated as contracting sectors shrink faster than expanding sectors can grow. Under plausible assumptions on the adjustment process, the speed of adjustment to "shock therapy" reforms is shown to be excessively rapid, and the rate of unemployment to be excessively high during the transition to new equilibrium. The authorities can improve the efficiency of the adjustment by removing the distortion gradually, rather than abruptly. Gradualism has beneficial income distributional, as well as efficiency properties, because it improves welfare of the unemployed, who are necessarily the least advantaged social group in this model.
Chinese Poverty: Assessing the Impact of Alternative Assumptions
Creators: name: Reddy, Sanjay G.
name: Minoiu, Camelia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Economics
Social sciences--Research

description: This paper investigates how estimates of the extent and trend of consumption poverty in China between 1990 and 2001 vary as a result of alternative plausible assumptions concerning the poverty line and estimated levels of consumption. The exercise is motivated by the existence of considerable uncertainty about the appropriate poverty lines to apply and the level and distribution of resources in China. The methodology of this paper focuses on the following sources of variation: alternative purchasing power parity conversion factors (used to convert an international poverty line), alternative estimates of the level and distribution of private incomes, alternative estimates of the propensity to consume of lower income groups, and alternative consumer price indices. It is widely believed that substantial poverty reduction has taken place in China in the 1990s, and we find this conclusion to be robust to the choice of assumptions. However, estimates of the extent of Chinese poverty in any year are greatly influenced by the assumptions made. China's record of reducing consumption poverty is dramatic. It is unclear whether this achievement has been comparable across regions and whether there have been corresponding national improvements in other aspects of human well-being.
Arbitrage, Gains from Trade and Social Diversity: A Unified Perspective on Resource Allocation
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Economics

description: "We trade because we are different. Gains from trade and the scope for mutually advantageous reallocation depend naturally on the diversity of the traders' preferences and endowments. The market owes its existence to the diversity of those who make up the economy."
Politics, Public Bads, and Private Information
Creators: name: Sheriff, Glenn D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Preferential treatment for politically influential sectors often has undesirable consequences such as increasing pollution or ecosystem degradation. Private information on firm productivity constrains the government's ability both to redistribute income and regulate public bad production. Given political economy and information constraints, this article characterizes a social-welfare maximizing policy. The optimal policy uses a single instrument to achieve both goals, making income-support subsidies contingent upon reduction of bad outputs. Output price uncertainty works to the advantage of the government, potentially eliminating some firms' information advantage.
Spin waves and Collisional Frequency Shifts of a Trapped-Atom Clock
Creators: name: Maineult, Wilfried
name: Deutsch, Christian
name: Gibble, Kurt
name: Reichel, Jakob
name: Rosenbusch, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We excite spin-waves with spatially inhomogeneous pulses and study the resulting frequency shifts of a chip-scale atomic clock of trapped $^{87}$Rb. The density-dependent frequency shifts of the hyperfine transition simulate the s-wave collisional frequency shifts of fermions, including those of optical lattice clocks. As the spin polarizations oscillate in the trap, the frequency shift reverses and it depends on the area of the second Ramsey pulse, exhibiting a predicted beyond mean-field frequency shift. Numerical and analytic models illustrate the observed behaviors.
description: Will appear soon in Physical Review Letters - Typos corrected
Dressed, noise- or disorder- resilient optical lattices
Creators: name: Pichler, Hannes
name: Schachenmayer, Johannes
name: Simon, Jonathan
name: Zoller, Peter
name: Daley, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: External noise is inherent in any quantum system, and can have especially strong effects for systems exhibiting sensitive many-body phenomena. We show how a dressed lattice scheme can provide control over certain types of noise for atomic quantum gases in the lowest band of an optical lattice, removing the effects of lattice amplitude noise to first order for particular choices of the dressing field parameters. We investigate the non-equilibrium many-body dynamics for bosons and fermions induced by noise away from this parameter regime, and also show how the same technique can be used to reduce spatial disorder in projected lattice potentials.
description: 4+ Pages, 4 Figures
title: „Experiment Landleben“ Kulturwissenschaftliche Untersuchung zur Aufwertung ländlicher Räume am Beispiel des Summer of Pioneers in Homberg (Efze)
title: Online-Schriften aus der Marburger kulturwissenschaftlichen Forschung und Europäischen Ethnologie
Creators: name: Braun, Lena
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Gemeinschaft
subject: Nordhessen, Empirische Kulturwissenschaft, Ethnographie, Ländliche Räume, Ländlichkeit, Stadt-Land-Dichotomie, Aufwertung ländlich
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie

description: Die Masterarbeit untersucht das Programm „Summer of Pioneers“ im nordhessischen Homberg (Efze), bei dem Stadtbewohner*innen probeweise aufs Land ziehen. Es wird erforscht, inwiefern der Summer of Pioneers zur Aufwertung ländlicher Räume beiträgt. Mithilfe einer ethnographischen Feldforschung werden Alltagspraxen der Beteiligten sowie Stimmen aus dem öffentlichen Diskurs in Homberg (Efze) empirisch erhoben und kritisch ausgewertet. Zu den Ergebnissen gehört die Herausarbeitung einer ländlich-städtischen Hybridform, in deren dichotomen Beschreibungen die Vorteile beider Räume vereint werden. Weiterhin wird die Rolle von Gemeinschaft herausgestellt, die Gelingensbedingung und Ziel des Summer of Pioneers ist, aber nicht alle Menschen im ländlichen Raum gleichermaßen einbezieht. Schließlich wird der Summer of Pioneers als Teil eines größeren Aufwertungsprozesses ländlicher Räume erkannt: Sein entscheidender Vorteil ist der Blick der Pionier*innen auf Homberg (Efze) und dessen Potentiale von außen. Damit gibt der Summer of Pioneers – trotz seiner Exklusivität – deutliche Anreize, das Leben auf dem Land zu verbessern.
Bank underwriting of corporate bonds: Evidence from Japan after 1994
Creators: name: Hamao, Yasushi
name: Hoshi, Takeo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper examines a recent major change in the corporate bond primary market in Japan, namely bond underwriting by bank subsidiary securities firms. We analyze yields on corporate bonds at the time of issue, searching for evidence of conflict of interest, bank certification, distribution advantage, or aggressive entry strategy by banks. Bank subsidiaries have been successful in acquiring the underwriting business of firms which have been reducing their ties with main banks through decreasing loans, rather than serving firms for which the parent banks are the main banks. This tendency is especially clear in the more recent period. After controlling for firm and bond characteristics, the choice of underwriter (existing or bank subsidiary securities firms) generally does not have a material impact on yield spread. On the other hand, when the choice of underwriters is interacted with the maturities of corporate bonds, there is some evidence of net certification effect and/or aggressive pricing for bonds with longer maturities, which would have less competition with bank loans.
Discovering 125 GeV techni-dilaton at LHC
Creators: name: Matsuzaki, Shinya
name: Yamawaki, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Techni-dilaton (TD) is predicted in walking technicolor (WTC) arising as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson associated with the approximate scale symmetry spontaneously broken by techni-fermion condensation. The TD mass is therefore smaller than those of other techni-hadrons on order of several TeVs, small enough to be within reach of the current LHC search. We present a new method to derive the TD couplings directly from the Ward-Takahashi identities, which enables us to explicitly calculate the quantities relevant to the TD LHC signatures. To set definite benchmarks, we take one-doublet and one-family models of WTC and discuss the TD signatures at LHC, in comparison with those of the standard model (SM) Higgs. It is shown that the TD in the one-doublet model is invisible at the LHC, while the TD signals in the one-family model can be found as a large excess relative to the SM Higgs at around 125 GeV only in the diphoton channel.
description: 21 pages, 11 eps figure files, latex; some references and comments on the recent LHC report added; version to appear in PRD
Japanese banks' bad loans: What happened?
Creators: name: Marsh, Terry A.
name: Paul, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: In this paper we trace the increase in Japanese banks' loan spreads and ex ante riskiness of their loan portfolios in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We show that within the three sets of city, trust, and long-term banks, the banks with the highest late-1980s capital deficiencies vis-a-vis the then-impending BIS capital standards had the highest growth rates in risky lending. They also had the highest short-term growth rates in retained earnings which count as Tier I capital. We describe how banks were led to enhance their BIS capital ratios in this way because of the inflexible loan loss provisioning and write-off procedures they faced in Japan. Taken together, the events illustrate the perils of partial regulatory change, whether in the process of deregulation or "new-regulation" as the BIS standards were, when the affected regulations are part of an inter-related system of regulations, incentives, and economic agents' decision rules.
The Use of Faraday Rotation Sign Maps as a Diagnostic for Helical Jet Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Reichstein, Andrea
name: Gabuzda, Denise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present maps of the sign of the Faraday Rotation measure [sign(RM)] obtained from multi-frequency radio observations on the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Many of the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) considered have B-field structures with a central "spine" of B-field orthogonal to the jet and/or a longitudinal B-field near one or both edges of the jet. This structure can plausibly be interpreted as being caused by a helical/toroidal jet magnetic field. Faraday Rotation is a rotation of the plane of polarization that occurs when the polarized radiation passes through a magnetized plasma. The sign of the RM is determined by the direction of the line-of-sight B-Field in the region causing the Faraday Rotation, and an ordered toroidal or helical magnetic field associated with an AGN jet will thus produce a distinctive bilateral distribution of positive and negative RMs across the jet. We present and discuss sign(RM) maps and their possible interpretation regarding the magnetic field geometries for several sources.
description: From the proceedings of Beamed and Unbeamed Gamma-Rays from Galaxies, April 11-15, 2011, Muonio, Finland. 5 pages, 4 figures
Implementing Second-best Environmental Policy under Adverse Selection
Creators: name: Sheriff, Glenn D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Economics

description: A key obstacle to practical application of mechanism design theory in regulation is the difficulty of obtaining consistent beliefs regarding information assumed to be commonly held in the models. This paper presents a solution to this problem by developing an easily-implemented empirical methodology with which the government can use commonly available data to develop beliefs regarding the technology and distribution of types in a regulated sector characterized by hidden information. Results are used to calibrate a second-best land conservation mechanism and evaluate its cost relative to simpler alternatives.
Optical probing of hemodynamic responses in vivo with channelrhodopsin-2
Creators: name: Scott, Nadia Aleyna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Maintenance of neuronal function depends on the timely delivery of oxygen and glucose through changes in blood flow that are linked to the level of ongoing neuronal and glial activity, yet the mechanisms underlying this stimulus-dependent control of blood flow remain unclear. Here, using transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 in a subset of layer 5b pyramidal neurons, we report that changes in intrinsic optical signals and blood flow can be evoked by activation of channelrhodopsin-2 neurons without direct involvement of other cell types. We have used a combination of imaging and pharmacology to examine the importance of glutamatergic synaptic signaling in neurovascular coupling. In contrast to sensory-evoked responses, we observed that glutamate-dependent neuronal signalling is not essential for the production of channelrhodopsin-evoked hemodynamic responses. Our results rather suggest that ChR2-activated neurons are coupled to the surrounding vasculature through a glutamate-dependent astrocytic pathway mediated by the Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5.
Native spirituality: spirit piracy and Native sweat lodges
Creators: name: Laplante, Line Denise
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 215-225
description: This research is an investigation into a social phenomenon that I refer to as Spirit Piracy. Set in the context of the Native sweat lodge ceremony, the main points that address this phenomenon focus on: 1) an age-old process of spiritual fragmentation; 2) protocols and natural laws of communication between humans and the spirit world; and 3) developing an awareness of spiritual interconnectedness that exists throughout the universe. The Indigenous Cree three-tiered universe is used to demonstrate the natural order of the universe-something humans have reinterpreted over time. Results from a literature review and a synthesis of eight interviews conclude that the "spirit of colonialism" has entered the lodge. The concept of Spirit Piracy has a broad application and in this research is used to emphasize the need to protect the Native sweat lodge ceremony as a natural and spiritual resource that defines cultural identities and heritages.
Why do markets move together? An investigation of U.S.-Japan stock return comovements
Creators: name: Karolyi, G. A.
name: Stulz, René M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This study explores the fundamental factors that affect cross-country stock return correlations. Using transactions data from 1988 to 1992, we construct overnight and intraday returns for a portfolio of Japanese stocks using their NYSE-traded American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and a matched-sample portfolio of U.S. stocks. We find that U.S. macroeconomic announcements, shocks to the Yen/Dollar foreign exchange rate and Treasury bill returns, and industry effects have no measurable influence on U.S. and Japanese return correlations. However, large shocks to broad-based market indices (Nikkei Stock Average and Standard and Poor's 500 Stock Index) positively impact both the magnitude and persistence of the return correlations.
Implicit contracts between regulator and firms: The case of Japanese casualty insurance
Creators: name: Wallner, Klaus
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper presents a dynamic model of regulatory protection. The regulator grants the industry rents in exchange for cooperation in an asymmetric information environment as part of an implicit contract enforced by a trigger strategy. At a corner-solution this contract may be stable under gradual changes of society's preference parameter, while beyond a threshold level further changes may result in drastic deregulation. Both predictions are found to hold in the case of Ministry of Finance regulation in the Japanese casualty insurance industry.
title: Stigmatisierung von weiblicher Sexarbeit. Eine ethnographische Feldforschung
title: Online-Schriften aus der Marburger kulturwissenschaftlichen Forschung und Europäischen Ethnologie
Creators: name: Schiefer, Helena Tamara
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Rotlichtmilieu
subject: Geschlechterrollen
subject: Diskriminierung und Marginalisierung
subject: Sexarbeit
subject: Soziale Normen
subject: Bordell
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie
subject: Stigmatisierung
subject: Stigma

description: Die Arbeit untersucht die gesellschaftliche Stigmatisierung weiblicher Sexarbeit aus einer ethnographischen Perspektive. Ziel der Forschung ist es, die Erfahrungen und Sichtweisen von Akteur*innen der Sexarbeit im Hinblick auf ihre Stigmatisierung zu erfassen und Strategien aufzuzeigen, wie sie mit den ihnen zugeschriebenen Vorurteilen umgehen. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage lautet: „Wie erleben Akteur*innen der Sexarbeit die ihnen gesellschaftlich zugeschriebenen Stigmata und wie ist ihr Umgang mit der Stigmatisierung?“
Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Feldforschung wurden teilnehmende Beobachtungen in einem Laufhaus und auf dem Straßenstrich durchgeführt sowie acht leitfadenorientierte Interviews mit verschiedenen Akteur*innen geführt. Zu den interviewten Personen zählen Sexarbeiterinnen, Bordellbetreiber*innen, Kunden sowie eine Mitarbeiterin beim Gesundheitsamt und bei einer Fachberatungsstelle. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte nach der Grounded Theory, wobei theoretische Konzepte von Erving Goffman zum Begriff des Stigmas einen wichtigen Bezugsrahmen darstellten.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Stigmatisierung tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf das Leben und Selbstbild der Akteur*innen hat und heben die Bedeutung individueller Bewältigungsstrategien vor. Besonders deutlich wird, dass viele Sexarbeiterinnen ein Doppelleben führen und durch bewusste Verleugnung ihrer Tätigkeit versuchen, gesellschaftlicher Ächtung zu entgehen. Gleichzeitig berichten einige Akteur*innen von Stolz und Empowerment durch ihre Arbeit, was ebenfalls als Strategie zur Bewältigung von Diskriminierung und Marginalisierung dienen kann. 
Die Arbeit bietet einen umfassenden Beitrag zur empirischen Kulturwissenschaft und leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Enttabuisierung und differenzierten Betrachtung von Sexarbeit, indem sie die Stimmen der Betroffenen in den Mittelpunkt stellt.
Complete NLO QCD Corrections for Tree Level Delta F = 2 FCNC Processes
Creators: name: Buras, Andrzej J.
name: Girrbach, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anticipating the important role of tree level FCNC processes in the indirect search for new physics at distance scales as short as 10^-19-10^-21 m, we present complete NLO QCD corrections to tree level Delta F=2 processes mediated by heavy colourless gauge bosons and scalars. Such contributions can be present at the fundamental level when GIM mechanism is absent as in numerous Z' models, gauged flavour models with new heavy neutral gauge bosons and Left-Right symmetric models with heavy neutral scalars. They can also be generated at one loop in models having GIM at the fundamental level and MFV of which Two-Higgs Doublet models with and without SUSY are the best known examples. In models containing vectorial heavy fermions that mix with the standard chiral quarks and models in which Z and SM neutral Higgs H mix with new heavy gauge bosons and scalars also tree-level Z and SM neutral Higgs contributions to Delta F=2 processes are possible. In all these extensions new local operators are generated having Wilson coefficients that are generally much stronger affected by RG QCD effects than it is the case of the SM operators. The new aspect of our work is the calculation of O(alpha_s) corrections to matching conditions for the Wilson coefficients of the contributing operators in the NDR-MS scheme that can be used in all models listed above. This allows to reduce certain unphysical scale and renormalization scheme dependences in the existing NLO calculations. We show explicitly how our results can be combined with the analytic formulae for the P_i^a QCD factors that include both hadronic matrix elements of contributing operators and RG evolution from high energy to low energy scales. For the masses of heavy gauge bosons and scalars O(1)TeV the remaining unphysical scale dependences for the mixing amplitudes are reduced typically from 10-25%, depending on the operator considered, down to 1-2%.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures; typo in Eq. (2) corrected; accepted for publication in JHEP
Intergenerational Influences of Wealth in Mexico
Creators: name: Torche, Florencia
name: Spilerman, Seymour
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Economics
Social sciences--Research

description: Using the 2006 Mexican Social Mobility Survey, this research evaluates the influence of parental wealth on several outcomes of adult children, including educational attainment, consumption level, asset holdings, home ownership, and value of residence. Two mechanisms of parental influence on economic wellbeing are explored: an indirect effect mediated by parental investment in human capital, and the direct transfer of resources. Three main findings emerge from the analysis. First, parental wealth is a strong determinant of educational attainment, net of the standard indicators of advantage regularly used in stratification research, and the influence of wealth is stronger among the most disadvantaged children (those with low cultural capital, and residing in non-urban areas). Second, the mechanism of parental influence on adult children's economic wellbeing differs depending on the outcome: In the case of consumption level, the influence is largely indirect, mediated by parental investment in offspring's human capital, while the opposite is true for children's asset holdings, where a direct transfer of resources predominates. Third, while access to homeownership is only weakly stratified by parent's and children's resources, the value of the acquired home is significantly affected by parental wealth. These patterns of influence are similar to those found in Chile (Spilerman and Torche 2004, Torche and Spilerman 2006) and they highlight the critical impact of parental wealth in less developed countries.
Demand uncertainty and price maintenance
Creators: name: Flath, David
name: Nariu, Tatsuhiko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: When retailers must commit to shipment quantities prior to resolution of demand uncertainty, manufacturer stipulation of a minimum retail price is likely to be profitable for the manufacturer, and not damaging to the retailers. The reason is simple: If demand turns out to be low, the unfettered market-clearing price can lie below the price that maximizes total sales revenue. A minimum retail price that is binding in the low demand state can thus increase total revenue even though it saddles retailers with unsold merchandise. This "new" insight of Deneckere, Marvel, and Peck is actually a straightforward generalization of the model of full manufacturer reimbursement for returns developed in Flath and Nariu (1989). The ubiquity of full reimbursement for returns in Japan even though it is in theory merely a second-best way of achieving minimum retail price stipulations, reveals important aspects of manufacturer maintenance of retail prices having to do with enforcement problems, the allocation of risk-bearing and economic incentives. These aspects of resale price maintenance are relevant to the normative evaluation of the special exemptions for RPM that Japan's Fair Trade Commission has long maintained but is now phasing out.
Where are the men in HIV testing and prevention in Namibia?
Creators: name: Mungunda, Helena
name: Mufeti, Johanna
name: Mswia, Robert
name: Watson-Grant, Stephanie
name: Lee, Daniel
name: Reynolds, Zahra
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2020

description:
Aim Several reports indicate that 20- to 39-year-old men have the lowest coverage of antiretroviral therapy in Namibia. This study explored factors affecting barriers to and facilitators of HIV testing and prevention services among young men there. The study also provides future considerations for program implementers. Subject and methods We conducted focus group discussions in 13 locations across Namibia, using stratified, purposive sampling to recruit participants from male focused population subgroups. A short demographic survey collected selected data to link to participants’ responses in the focus group discussions. Results Fear, absence of information or education, and a perceived lack of confidentiality were the primary barriers to HIV testing. Respondents mentioned increasing education, providing incentives, and involving more male health workers as possible facilitators. Home, mobile sites, and facilities with extended hours were the preferred types of testing sites. Conclusion Implementers should consider increasing positive HIV messaging and ensuring availability of a diversity of testing options including a “VIP” package of HIV services for young men in Namibia.
Evidence of two unique variability classes from IGR J17091-3624
Creators: name: Pahari, Mayukh
name: Bhattacharyya, Sudip
name: Yadav, J. S.
name: Pandey, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IGR J17091-3624 is the second black hole X-ray binary after GRS 1915+105, which showed large and distinct variabilities. The study of these variability classes can be useful to understand the accretion-ejection mechanisms of accreting black holes, and hence to probe the strong gravity regime. We report the discovery of two new variability classes (C1 and C2) from IGR J17091-3624 from the 2011 outburst Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data. These unique classes will be useful to have complete details about the source, and to learn new aspects about variabilities. For examples, the C1 class shows that the intensity and period of oscillations, energy spectrum and power spectrum can clearly evolve in tens of seconds. Moreover, in such a small time scale, soft-lag becomes hard-lag. The C2 class shows that the variability and the nonvariability can occur at similar energy spectrum, and a soft state is not required for variability to happen.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
Pressure-induced Phonon Softenings and the Structural and Magnetic Transitions in CrO$_{2}$
Creators: name: Kim, Sooran
name: Kim, Kyoo
name: Kang, Chang-Jong
name: Min, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate the pressure-induced structural transitions of chromium dioxide (CrO$_{2}$), phonon dispersions and total energy band structures are calculated as a function of pressure. The first structural transition has been confirmed at P$\approx$ 10 GPa from the ground state tetragonal CrO$_{2}$ (t-CrO$_{2}$) of rutile type to orthorhombic CrO$_{2}$ (o-CrO$_{2}$) of CaCl$_{2}$ type. The half-metallic property is found to be preserved in o-CrO$_{2}$. The softening of Raman-active B$_{1g}$ phonon mode, which is responsible for this structural transition, is demonstrated. The second structural transition is found to occur for P$\geq$ 61.1 GPa from ferromagnetic (FM) o-CrO$_{2}$ to nonmagnetic (NM) monoclinic CrO$_{2}$ (m-CrO$_{2}$) of MoO$_{2}$ type, which is related to the softening mode at {\bf q} = R(1/2,0,1/2). The third structural transition has been newly identified at P= 88.8 GPa from m-CrO$_{2}$ to cubic CrO$_{2}$ of CaF$_{2}$ type that is a FM insulator.
Urban justice and the city as a political project. Reflections on a metropolitan government for Santiago
Creators: name: Palominos, Nicolas
name: Morel, Magdalena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: urban justice
urban design
Santiago

description: Dissertation submitted to comply with the requirements for MSc in City Design and Social Science at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). The thesis explores the notion of unequal urbanisation in cities lacking a metropolitan government reviewing the case studies of Santiago, London and Bogota. It concludes by suggesting that in the case of Santiago the most important design problem is the design of a governance structure that can help rebalance inequalities and give the city a democratic voice.
Observations on the Current State of Corporate Governance in Japan
Creators: name: Grondine, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper discusses recent positive and negative developments related to Japanese corporate governance. It first offers the good news in the M&A market and makes note of some general improvements in Japanese corporate governance, including a reduction in the size of boards, different terms of office for board members, and better transparency, reporting, and accounting. Further, it is noted that recent corporate scandals have increased awareness of the need for internal risk management controls and systems, though Japanese corporations still must distinguish more clearly between corporate governance and internal risk controls. Activist investors will stimulate and challenge management, but Japanese companies must develop better strategies for responding to them. Three activist cases are discussed to elucidate recent trends. Finally, a number of worrisome trends are analyzed. They include triangular mergers, Japan's diminished status as a global financial center, the number of defensive measure proposals, evidence of "MBO bad behavior," and the Nikko Cordial delisting. Japanese corporations still must do much more to integrate outside directors and allow them to perform their function efficiently.
Gauged Flavor, Supersymmetry and Grand Unification
Creators: name: Mohapatra, Rabindra N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review a recent work on gauged flavor with left-right symmetry, where all masses and all Yukawa couplings owe their origin to spontaneous flavor symmetry breaking. This is suggested as a precursor to a full understanding of flavor of quarks and leptons. An essential ingredient of this approach is the existence of heavy vector-like fermions, which is the home of flavor, which subsequently gets transmitted to the familiar quarks and leptons via the seesaw mechanism. I then discuss implications of extending this idea to include supersymmetry and finally speculate on a possible grand unified model based on the gauge group $SU(5)_L\times SU(5)_R$ which provides a group theoretic origin for the vector-like fermions.
description: Invited talk at the GUT 2012 workshop held in Kyoto, Japan in March, 2012
Language, Employment, and Earnings in the United States: Spanish-English Differentials from 1970 to 1990
Creators: name: Bloom, David E.
name: Grenier, Gilles
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Labor economics

description: This paper analyzes employment and earnings differentials between Spanish speakers and English speakers in the United States, using data from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 U.S censuses. The results show that Spanish speakers, both men and women, do not perform as well in the labor market as English speakers. The results also reveal that Spanish-English earnings and unemployment differentials increased slightly in the 1970s, most likely because of rapid growth in the number of Spanish speakers. By contrast, these differentials increased sharply in the 1980s, also a period of rapidly increasing supply. However, there is no evidence that the widening of differentials in the 1980s reflects an increase in the labor market rewards to English language proficiency. Rather, they appear to be the result of Spanish speakers having relatively little of those labor market characteristics, most notably education, whose market value increased dramatically during the 1980s.
title: Carmen nuptiale conscriptum in honorem ornatissimi, doctissimique juvenis Hermanni Schipperi, sacrarum literarum studiosi, matrimonium contrahentis
Creators: name: Anonym
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: Festschrift
Manuscripts & rare books
Handschriften, seltene Bücher

description: Elektronische Reproduktion von: Carmen Nuptiale Conscriptum In Honorem Ornatissimi, Doctissimiq[ue] Juvenis Hermanni Schipperi, Sacrarum literarum studiosi, matrimonium contrahentis : Cvm Reverendi, ... Dn. Johannis Ehrmanni, Pastoris Ecclesiæ Reiskirchensis .... virgine Anna Ammelia. Solennitates Nvptiales Solenniter celebrantium XIX. Maji. - Giessæ Hassorum : Excudebat Nicolaus Hampelius, Scholæ Typogr., MDCVI. - [8] Seiten ; 4°. - 
Standort: Universität Marburg, Universitätsbibliothek. - 
Signatur: VIII B 331 db, 22. - 
Werktitel: Carmen nuptiale conscriptum in honorem ornatissimi, doctissimique juvenis Hermanni Schipperi, sacrarum literarum studiosi, matrimonium contrahentis. - 
Anmerkung: Titel- und Schlussvignette. - 
Die Rückseite des Titelblatts ist unbedruckt. - 
(Hassiaca)

Digitalisiert 2025
Witnessing bullying at school : the influence of bullying and victimization on bystander behaviour
Creators: name: Trach, Jessica
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Bullying at school is a widespread and persistent problem facing Canadian youth today (Craig & Harel, 2004). In addition to the small but significant minority of students who are involved directly as bullies and victims, more than two thirds of youth are bystanders or witnesses to school-based violence ( Craig & Pepler, 1997; Salmivalli, Lagerspetz, Björkqvist, & Osterman, 1996; Salmivalli, Lappalainen, & Lagerspetz, 1998). Given the high probability that students will at some point in their school career witness bullying, it is important to examine the risks and responsibilities associated with being a bystander. Successful efforts to reduce or eliminate bullying requires knowledge of the types of strategies peers are likely to use to respond to bullying, as well as the students who are most likely to engage in these behaviours. This research investigated how secondary students’ bystander behaviour varied as a function of their age, gender, and concurrent experiences with bullying and/or victimization at school. In a school-based survey examining social experiences at school, Grade 8 to 12 students (N= 50,334, 49% male) who reported witnessing bullying (n=18,839) rated how often they had engaged in different bystander responses. Results of a series of hierarchical regressions indicated that student’s gender and personal experiences with bullying and victimization each accounted for a small but significant proportion of variance for prosocial, aggressive and passive bystander responses; age was only a significant predictor for passive bystander behaviour. These results both confirm and extend the literature on bystanders and bullying, and suggest a number of important areas for future research. Gaining a better understanding of the individual characteristics and contextual factors that encourage or discourage bystander’s defending behaviour can assist educators in developing and delivering effective school-based anti-bullying programs that promote safe and positive bystander intervention.
The history and future of Japanese management
Creators: name: Nagano, Takeshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: "Based on my personal background, my talk today will focus both on my experience at the manufacturing company bearing the name of Mitsubishi, and also on my activities at Nikkeiren. The theme of my remarks is the history and future of Japanese management. I hope you will bear with me if I at times become whimsical and stray from the subject of management as such."
Is there private information in the FX market? The Tokyo experiment
Creators: name: Ito, Takatoshi
name: Lyons, Richard K.
name: Mann, Michael T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: It is a common view that private information in the foreign exchange market does not exist. We provide evidence against this view. The evidence comes from the introduction of trading in Tokyo over the lunch-hour. Lunch return variance doubles with the introduction of trading, which cannot be due to public information since the flow of public information did not change with the trading rules. Having eliminated public information as the cause, we exploit the volatility pattern over the whole day to discriminate between the two alternatives: private information and pricing errors. Three key results support the predictions of private-information models. First, the volatility U-shape flattens: greater revelation over lunch leaves a smaller share for the morning and afternoon. Second, the U-shape tilts upward, an implication of information whose private value is transitory. Finally, the morning exhibits a clear U-shape when Tokyo closes over lunch, and it disappears when trading is introduced.
Multiparticle entanglement in graph-diagonal states: Necessary and sufficient conditions for four qubits
Creators: name: Gühne, Otfried
name: Jungnitsch, Bastian
name: Moroder, Tobias
name: Weinstein, Yaakov S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characterization of genuine multiparticle entanglement is important for entanglement theory as well as experimental studies related to quantum information theory. Here, we completely characterize genuine multiparticle entanglement for four-qubit states diagonal in the cluster-state basis. In addition, we give a complete characterization of multiparticle entanglement for all five-qubit graph states mixed with white noise, for states diagonal in the basis corresponding to the five-qubit Y-shaped graph, and for a family of graph states with an arbitrary number of qubits.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, v2: small changes
The Plasticity of Participation: Evidence from a Participatory Governance Experiment
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Shubham
name: Heller, Patrick
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Economics

description: Under the "People's Campaign for Decentralised Planning," initiated by the government of the Indian state of Kerala in 1996, significant planning and budgetary functions that had previously been controlled by state-level ministries, were devolved to the lowest tier of government—municipalities in urban areas, and gram panchayats (village councils) in rural areas. A key element of the campaign was the requirement that every gram panchayat organize open village assemblies—called Gram Sabhas—twice a year through which citizens could participate in formulating planning priorities, goals and projects. Using data from the first two years of the campaign, on the levels and composition of participation in the Gram Sabhas in all of Kerala's 990 gram panchayats, the authors empirically assess the explanatory power of the dominant existing paradigms of participation—social capital, rational choice, and social-historical. The basic patterns they document, as well as our more detailed analyses of the impact that a range of spatial, socioeconomic and political factors had on the levels and social depth of participation, provide broad support for a dynamic and contingent view of participation, a perspective that recognizes the "plasticity of participation."
Searching for star-forming galaxies in the Fornax and Hydra clusters
Creators: name: Vaduvescu, O.
name: Kehrig, C.
name: Vilchez, J. M.
name: Unda-Sanzana, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies is relatively difficult to understand because of their faint emission in all regimes that require large aperture telescopes. We intend to study the evolution of star forming dwarf galaxies in clusters. We selected Fornax and Hydra clusters to complement our previous study of Virgo. On the basis of available literature data, we selected ten star-forming candidates in Fornax and another ten objects in Hydra. We used Gemini South with GMOS to acquire H-alpha images necessary to detect star-forming regions in the two galaxy samples. We then performed long-slit spectroscopy for the brightest six candidates, to derive their chemical properties. Finally, we employed the VLT with HAWK-I to observe all galaxies in the K' band to derive their main physical properties. We studied the morphology of our two samples, finding five objects in Fornax and six in Hydra with structures consistent with those of star-forming dwarfs, i.e., dwarf irregulars (dIs) or blue compact dwarfs (BCDs). About four other objects are probably dwarf spirals, while three objects remained undetected in both visible and near infrared. On the basis of visible bright emission lines, we derived oxygen abundances for ten star-forming candidates with values between 8.00 and 8.78. Most fundamental properties of star-forming galaxies in Fornax and Hydra appear similar to corresponding properties of dIs and BCDs from Virgo and the Local Volume (LV). The luminosity-metallicity and metallicity-gas fraction relations in the LV and Virgo appear to be followed by Fornax and Hydra samples, suggesting that the chemical evolution of the two clusters seems consistent with the predictions from the closed box model, although larger samples are needed to investigate the role of possible environmental effects. (CONTINUED)
description: Accepted in A&A (June 2011)
title: Als der Hochehrwürdige und Hochgelahrte Herr George Erich Schirmer, ... als Rector des Gymnasiums seine Antrittsrede hielte
Creators: name: Anonym
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: Festschrift
Generalities, Science
Allgemeines, Wissenschaft

description: Elektronische Reproduktion von: Als der Hochehrwürdige und Hochgelahrte Herr George Erich Schirmer, Hochverordneter Jnspector der Kirchen des Fürstenthums Hersfeld ... Rector auf den am 2ten des Aprills 1772, zu haltenden Examen als Rector des Gymnasiums seine Antrittsrede hielte : solten Demselben Jhre schuldige Ehrerbietigkeit .... glückwünschen Einige Gymnasiasten, ... - Hersfeld : gedruckt bey George Christoph Mohr, 1772. - 8 Seiten ; 4°. - 
Standort: Universität Marburg, Universitätsbibliothek. - 
Signatur: VIII B 331 db, 22. - 
Bemerkungen: Schlussvignette. - 
Umlaute in der Vorlage mit übergestelltem "e" dargestellt. - 
Die Rückseite des Titelblatts ist unbedruckt. - 
(Hassiaca)

Digitalisiert 2025
No Entiendo: The Effects of Bilingualism on Hispanic Earnings
Creators: name: De La Garza, Rodolfo
name: Cortina, Jerónimo
name: Pinto, Pablo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics
Labor economics

description: This paper examines the economic consequences of bilingualism. Specifically, we explore whether the ability to effectively communicate in English and Spanish is rewarded in labor markets. Using a sample of the Hispanic population drawn from U.S. census data for the year 2000 we find that controlling for education, gender, age, place of birth, sector and region of employment, earnings are higher as the ability to speak English increases. This finding is in line with traditional theories of assimilation in labor markets. We also find that bilingualism, namely the ability of speaking English and Spanish, is associated with higher wages reversing the negative effect found in earlier studies. The reversal could be explained by two trends associated with higher demand for bilingual individuals in labor market: changing demographics resulting from increasing immigration from the South, and from economic integration with Spanish speaking Latin America in the 1990s. The estimated effect is, however, substantively small. Our results also show that bilingualism is negatively correlated with wage-based income among different occupational categories and sectors, but particularly among managers and those employed in the public sector.
Technical annex : HARITA IRI report to Oxfam America
Creators: name: Osgood, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental sciences

description: This is the technical annex to HARITA IRI Report to Oxfam America. It is the interim Report deliverable for GLO 002/10: General IRI Planning and Technical Support for Harita Micro-Insurance Pilot and contains background material useful for the main report.
The Technitai of Dionysos honour Apollodotos son of Leukios
Creators: name: Prag, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sicily
subject: epigraphy
subject: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300138808
subject: https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462492

description: TEI EpiDoc record