Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) charadrii
Creators: name: Dimitrova, Zlatka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Acanthocephala
Palaeacanthocephala
Polymorphida
Plagiorhynchidae
Plagiorhynchus
Plagiorhynchus charadrii

description: <i>Plagiorhynchus</i> (<i>Plagiorhynchus</i>) <i>charadrii</i> (Yamaguti, 1939) <b>Van Cleave &amp; Williams, 1951</b> <b>Material studied.</b> BMNH 1965.931-937, from the small intestine of <i>Charadrius alexandrinus nihonensis</i> Deignan, Pescadore Islands, Taiwan, whole-mount of 2 specimens (1 slide). <b>Description</b> (Fig. 3) Based on 2 male specimens. <b>Males.</b> Trunk elongate, almost cylindrical but tapering both anteriorly and posteriorly, 3.7-4.0 long, 0.9-1.1 wide. Numerous amoeba-shaped hypodermal nuclei. Proboscis cylindrical (in both specimens invaginated to different degrees, i.e. anterior third in first specimen and anterior two-thirds in other), <i>c</i>.0.93-0.95 long, 0.23 wide. Proboscis armament consists of 18 longitudinal rows of 12-13 hooks (anterior hooks invaginated) (in 1 specimen). Most of hooks with posteriorly directed roots; only pos- teriormost 4 (3) hooks spiniform with short apophyses. Length of first 8 (9) hooks – blade 52-59 µm, root 29-49 µm; length of last 4 (3) spiniform hooks – 42-52 (54) µm, root 12-22 µm. Neck short, <i>c</i>.0.13 long, 0.25 wide. Proboscis receptacle doublewalled, 1.5 long, 0.26 wide. Lemnisci band-shaped, <i>c</i>.1.5 long, <i>c</i>.0.05 wide (only 1 measured). Testes spherical, 0.26-0.32 long, 0.23-0.35 wide, situated in tandem in middle of trunk, at <i>c</i>.0.06 from one another; anterior testis 0.14 from tip of proboscis receptacle. Cement glands 6 in number, tubular, arranged in 2 groups of 3; longest cement gland of first group (1.70 long) present immediately posterior to anterior testis; remaining 2 cement glands slightly further posterior, 1.44 and 1.01 long; 2 of cement glands of second group present posterior to hind testis, 1.35 long, with remaining cement gland slightly further posterior, 1.03 long. Genital bursa (everted in 1 specimen) 0.55 long, 0.45 wide. <b>Remarks.</b> Despite the partial invagination of the proboscis, we identified these specimens as <i>Plagiorhychus charadrii</i> based on the number of the longitudinal rows and morphometric data from both the hooks (especially the posterior three or four hooks) and of some internal organs (testes and cement glands). When comparing the present morphometric data with those from published descriptions (Yamaguti 1939; Johnston and Edmonds 1947; Schmidt and Kuntz 1966; Belopol’skaya 1983; Amin et al. 1999; Dimitrova et al. 1999), we did not find significant differences, although differences in the maximum length of the hook blade are apparent. Regarding the latter feature, the studied specimens are most similar to the descriptions given by Yamaguti (1939), Schmidt and Kuntz (1966) and Dimitrova et al. (1999), i.e. 60-63 versus 59 µm in present specimens. However, Johnston and Edmonds (1947) and Belopol’skaya (1983) reported smaller lengths for the hooks, i.e. 29 and 54 µm, respectively. This species was described from <i>Charadrius dubius curonicus</i> Gmelin in Japan (Yamaguti 1939) and later recorded, mainly from charadriiform birds, in the Australian Region (Australian mainland and Tasmania) (Johnston and Edmonds 1947; Amin et al. 1999; Smales 2002, 2003), the Palaeotropical Region (Taiwan and the Pescadore Islands) (Schmidt and Kuntz 1966; Amin et al. 1999), the Palaearctic Region (Japan, Russian Far East, Kazakhstan, the Ukraine and Bulgaria) (Lisitsina 1992; Amin et al. 1999; Dimitrova et al. 1999; Araki 2003), the Oceanic Region (Hawaii) (Amin et al. 1999) and the Neotropical Region (Belize) (Canaris and Kinsella 2001).
description: Published as part of <i>Dimitrova, Zlatka, 2009, Acanthocephalans of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchidae) from charadriiform birds in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, with a key to the species of the subgenus, pp. 75-90 in ZooKeys 6 (6)</i> on pages 82-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.6.94, http://zenodo.org/record/576435
description: {"references": ["Yamaguti S (1939) Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 29. Acanthocephala. II. Japanese Journal of Zoology 8: 317 - 351.", "Van Cleave HJ, Williams RB (1951) Acanthocephala from passerine birds in Alaska. Journal of Parasitology 37 (2): 151 - 159.", "Johnston TH, Edmonds SJ (1947). Australian Acanthocephala, No. 6. Records of the South Australian Museum 8: 555 - 562.", "Schmidt GD, Kuntz RE (1966) New and little-known plagiorhynchid from Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands. Journal of Parasitology 52: 520 - 527.", "Belopol'skaya MM (1983) Acanthocephalans from charadriiform birds in the European part of the USSR. Vestnik Leningradskovo Universiteta, Zoologiya 3: 17 - 25 (In Russian).", "Amin OM, Canaris AG, Kinsella JM (1999) A taxonomic reconsideration of the genus Plagiorhynchus s. lat. (Acanthocephala: Plagiorhynchidae), with descriptions of South African Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus from shore birds and P. (P.) malayensis, and a key to the species of the subgenus Prosthorhynchus. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 66: 123 - 132.", "Dimitrova ZM, Georgiev BB, Genov T (1999) New data on acanthocephalans of the genus Plagiorhynchus Luhe, 1911 (Palaeacanthocephala, Polymorphida, Plagiorhynchidae) from birds in Bulgaria. Helminthologia 36: 261 - 267.", "Smales LR (2002) Plagiorhynchidae Meyer, 1931 (Acanthocephala) from Australasian birds and mammals, with descriptions of Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) menurae (Johnston, 1912) and P. (P.) allisonae n. sp. Systematic Parasitology 51: 207 - 216.", "Smales LR (2003) An annotated checklist of the Australian Acanthocephala from mammalian and bird hosts. Records of the South Australian Museum 36: 59 - 82.", "Lisitsina OI (1992) Spiny-headed worms of the genus Plagiorhynchus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) of the Ukrainian fauna, with a description of a new species. Vestnik Zoologii 3: 3 - 8 (In Russian).", "Araki J (2003) Acanthocephalans in Japan. Progress of Medical Parasitology in Japan 7: 147 - 159.", "Canaris AG, Kinsella JM (2001) Helminth parasites in six species of shorebirds (Charadrii) from the coast of Belize. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 96: 827 - 830. DOI: 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02762001000600015."]}