title: ÐÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð·Ð²ÑÐ·Ð´ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ¾Ð½ Ð½Ð° ÐÐµÐ¼Ð»Ðµ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: The effect of nearby supernovae on the radiation background on Earth
Creators: name: Ð©ÐµÐ¿ÐºÐ¸Ð½, ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2022
Subjects: ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ·Ð´Ð°
ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð»ÑÑÐ¸
ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´
Ð²ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð°
supernova
cosmic rays
radiocarbon
secondary particles
absorbed dose

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description: The subject of the graduate qualification work is âThe effect of nearby supernovae on the radiation background on Earthâ. The given work is devoted to studying the influence of cosmic rays generated by a nearby supernova explosion in the radiation in Earthâs reservoirs (atmosphere, biosphere, surface and deep ocean) and to considering the probability of mass extinctions of living organisms. Both analytical and numerical cosmic rays data have been considered in calculations. Numerical spectra have been received from modelling the acceleration process of cosmic particles at the shock generated by supernova explosion. Heliospheric and geomagnetic modulation of the cosmic rays spectra have been taken into account. 14Ð¡ generation rate in the Earthâs atmosphere has been calculated and its transition between the reservoirs has been investigated. The absorbed dose rate of radiocarbon decay and the absorption of secondary particles energy generated by nuclear cascade reactions in Earthâs atmosphere have been evaluated. The results have been compared with the analogous influence of the most powerful solar proton events.The results of given work show significant increase in the radiation on Earth, caused by the supernova explosion at the distance of 5-50Â pc from the Solar system. The absorption of the secondary particles energy makes the greatest contribution to the radiation increase. The results of this work are important for exploration of the correlation between nearby supernovae explosions and global changes in biological diversity on Earth throughout its existence, such as Cambrian explosion (540 Myr ago), mass dinosaur extinction (66 Myr ago), the appearance of homo sapiens and so on.