cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional Thouless pumping in time-space crystalline structures
Creators: name: Braver, Y.
name: Fan, C. -h.
name: Žlabys, G.
name: Anisimovas, E.
name: Sacha, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of particle in a resonantly driven quantum well can be interpreted as that of a particle in a crystal-like structure, with the time playing the role of the coordinate. By introducing an adiabatically varied phase in the driving protocol, we demonstrate a realization of the Thouless pumping in such a time crystalline structure. Next, we extend the analysis beyond a single quantum well by considering a driven one-dimensional optical lattice, thereby engineering a 2D time-space crystalline structure. Such a setup allows us to explore adiabatic pumping in the spatial and the temporal dimensions separately, as well as to simulate simultaneous time-space pumping.
description: 11 pages; version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Do auditor-provided tax services impair the value relevance of earnings?
Creators: name: Krishnan, Gopal V.
name: Visvanathan, Gnanakumar
name: Yu, Wei
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Lately, several firms have decoupled audit and tax service providers to shore up the credibility of their financial statements. However, a number of other firms rely on the incumbent auditor for tax services. Do investors assign a lower valuation to firms that continue to use the auditor for tax services? We contribute to the literature by examining whether auditor-provided tax services moderate investor perception of earnings. We find that the value-relevance of earnings is increasing in the ratio of tax fees over total fees paid to the auditor. Further, for a sample of firms that switched to other providers of tax services, we find that the value-relevance of earnings is lower in the year of the switch. These findings support the notion that on average, investors perceive the benefits of auditor-provided tax services, i.e., enhanced financial reporting quality due to knowledge spillover to be greater than the likely threat to auditor independence caused by auditor-provided tax services. Our findings have important implications for audit committee chairs, managers, and regulators.
On the Learning and Learnability of Quasimetrics
Creators: name: Wang, Tongzhou
name: Isola, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our world is full of asymmetries. Gravity and wind can make reaching a place easier than coming back. Social artifacts such as genealogy charts and citation graphs are inherently directed. In reinforcement learning and control, optimal goal-reaching strategies are rarely reversible (symmetrical). Distance functions supported on these asymmetrical structures are called quasimetrics. Despite their common appearance, little research has been done on the learning of quasimetrics. Our theoretical analysis reveals that a common class of learning algorithms, including unconstrained multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), provably fails to learn a quasimetric consistent with training data. In contrast, our proposed Poisson Quasimetric Embedding (PQE) is the first quasimetric learning formulation that both is learnable with gradient-based optimization and enjoys strong performance guarantees. Experiments on random graphs, social graphs, and offline Q-learning demonstrate its effectiveness over many common baselines.
description: Project page: https://ssnl.github.io/quasimetric/ Code: https://github.com/SsnL/poisson_quasimetric_embedding
Emergence of order from turbulence in an isolated planar superfluid
Creators: name: Simula, Tapio
name: Davis, Matthew J.
name: Helmerson, Kristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relaxation dynamics of an isolated zero temperature quasi-two-dimensional superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) that is imprinted with a spatially random distribution of quantum vortices. Following a period of vortex annihilation, we find that the remaining vortices self-organise into two macroscopic coherent `Onsager vortex' clusters that are stable indefinitely. We demonstrate that this occurs due to a novel physical mechanism --- the evaporative heating of the vortices --- that results in a negative temperature phase transition in the vortex degrees of freedom. At the end of our simulations the system is trapped in a non-thermal state. Our computational results provide a pathway to observing Onsager vortex states in a superfluid Bose gas.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
On some aspects of the dynamics of a ball in a rotating surface of revolution and of the kasamawashi art
Creators: name: Fassò, Francesco
name: Sansonetto, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J60, 70E18, 70F25, 70E50

description: We study some aspects of the dynamics of the nonholonomic system formed by a heavy homogeneous ball constrained to roll without sliding on a steadily rotating surface of revolution. First, in the case in which the figure axis of the surface is vertical (and hence the system is $\textrm{SO(3)}\times\textrm{SO(2)}$-symmetric) and the surface has a (nondegenerate) maximum at its vertex, we show the existence of motions asymptotic to the vertex and rule out the possibility of blow up. This is done passing to the 5-dimensional $\textrm{SO(3)}$-reduced system. The $\textrm{SO(3)}$-symmetry persists when the figure axis of the surface is inclined with respect to the vertical -- and the system can be viewed as a simple model for the Japanese kasamawashi (turning umbrella) performance art -- and in that case we study the (stability of the) equilibria of the 5-dimensional reduced system.
Temporal and Spatial Turbulent Spectra of MHD Plasma and an Observation of Variance Anisotropy
Creators: name: Schaffner, D. A.
name: Brown, M. R.
name: Lukin, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of MHD turbulence is analyzed through both temporal and spatial magnetic fluctuation spectra. A magnetically turbulent plasma is produced in the MHD wind-tunnel configuration of the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX). The power of magnetic fluctuations is projected into directions perpendicular and parallel to a local mean field; the ratio of these quantities shows the presence of variance anisotropy which varies as a function of frequency. Comparison amongst magnetic, velocity, and density spectra are also made, demonstrating that the energy of the turbulence observed is primarily seeded by magnetic fields created during plasma production. Direct spatial spectra are constructed using multi-channel diagnostics and are used to compare to frequency spectra converted to spatial scales using the Taylor Hypothesis. Evidence for the observation of dissipation due to ion inertial length scale physics is also discussed as well as the role laboratory experiment can play in understanding turbulence typically studied in space settings such as the solar wind. Finally, all turbulence results are shown to compare fairly well to a Hall-MHD simulation of the experiment.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures, Submitted to Astrophysical Journal
The narrow and moving HeII lines in nova KT Eri
Creators: name: Munari, U.
name: Mason, E.
name: Valisa, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present outburst and quiescence spectra of the classical nova KT Eri and discuss the appearance of a sharp HeII 4686 Ang emission line, whose origin is a matter of discussion for those novae that showed a similar component. We suggest that the sharp HeII line, when it first appeared toward the end of the outburst optically thick phase, comes from the wrist of the dumbbell structure characterizing the ejecta as modeled by Ribeiro et al. (2013). When the ejecta turned optically thin, the already sharp HeII line became two times narrower and originated from the exposed central binary. During the optically thin phase, the HeII line displayed a large change in radial velocity that had no counterpart in the Balmer lines (both their narrow cores and the broad pedestals). The large variability in radial velocity of the HeII line continued well into quiescence, and it remains the strongest emission line observed over the whole optical range.
description: in press in A&A
A Robust Missing Value Imputation Method MifImpute For Incomplete Molecular Descriptor Data And Comparative Analysis With Other Missing Value Imputation Methods
Creators: name: Doreswamy
name: Vastrad, Chanabasayya . M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Missing data imputation is an important research topic in data mining. Large-scale Molecular descriptor data may contains missing values (MVs). However, some methods for downstream analyses, including some prediction tools, require a complete descriptor data matrix. We propose and evaluate an iterative imputation method MiFoImpute based on a random forest. By averaging over many unpruned regression trees, random forest intrinsically constitutes a multiple imputation scheme. Using the NRMSE and NMAE estimates of random forest, we are able to estimate the imputation error. Evaluation is performed on two molecular descriptor datasets generated from a diverse selection of pharmaceutical fields with artificially introduced missing values ranging from 10% to 30%. The experimental result demonstrates that missing values has a great impact on the effectiveness of imputation techniques and our method MiFoImpute is more robust to missing value than the other ten imputation methods used as benchmark. Additionally, MiFoImpute exhibits attractive computational efficiency and can cope with high-dimensional data.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1105.0828 by other authors without attribution
Are biofuel mandates cost-effective? -- an analysis of transport fuels and biomass usage to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system
Creators: name: Millinger, Markus
name: Reichenberg, Lina
name: Hedenus, Fredrik
name: Berndes, Göran
name: Zeyen, Elisabeth
name: Brown, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abatement options for the hard-to-electrify parts of the transport sector are needed to achieve ambitious emissions targets. Biofuels based on biomass, electrofuels based on renewable hydrogen and a carbon source, as well as fossil fuels compensated by carbon dioxide removal (CDR) are the main options. Currently, biofuels are the only renewable fuels available at scale and are stimulated by blending mandates. Here, we estimate the system cost of enforcing such mandates in addition to an overall emissions cap for all energy sectors. We model overnight scenarios for 2040 and 2060 with the sector-coupled European energy system model PyPSA-Eur-Sec, with a high temporal resolution. The following cost drivers are identified: (i) high biomass costs due to scarcity, (ii) opportunity costs for competing usages of biomass for industry heat and combined heat and power (CHP) with carbon capture, and (iii) lower scalability and generally higher cost for biofuels compared to electrofuels and fossil fuels combined with CDR. With a -80% emissions reduction target in 2040, variable renewables, partial electrification of heat, industry and transport and biomass use for CHP and industrial heat are important for achieving the target at minimal cost. Abatement of remaining liquid fossil fuel use increases system cost, with a 50% biofuel mandate increasing costs by 128-229 billion EUR, or 39-82% of the liquid fuel cost. With a negative -105% emissions target in 2060, fuel abatement options are necessary, and electrofuels or the use of CDR to offset fossil fuel emissions are more competitive than biofuels. Biomass is preferred in CHP and industry heat, combined with carbon capture to serve negative emissions or electrofuel production, thereby utilising biogenic carbon several times. Sensitivity analyses reveal significant uncertainties but consistently support that higher biofuel mandates lead to higher costs.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures
Opto-Mechano-Fluidic Viscometer
Creators: name: Han, Kewen
name: Zhu, Kaiyuan
name: Bahl, Gaurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent development of opto-mechano-fluidic resonators has provided -- by harnessing photon radiation pressure -- a new microfluidics platform for the optical sensing of fluid density and bulk modulus. Here we show that fluid viscosity can also be determined through optomechanical measurement of the vibrational noise spectrum of the resonator mechanical modes. A linear relationship between the spectral linewidth and root-viscosity is predicted and experimentally verified in the low viscosity regime. Our result is a step towards multi-frequency measurement of viscoelasticity of arbitrary fluids, without sample contamination, using highly sensitive optomechanics techniques.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Development of Autophagy Modulators and Performance-diverse, Natural Product-inspired Libraries
Creators: name: Gao, Qiwen
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that contributes to cell physiology and helps maintain cytoplasmic homeostasis. As autophagy modulation has shown promise in the treatment of various human diseases including cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious and inflammatory diseases, we have been focused on the development of small-molecule probes to modulate the autophagy pathway and to investigate novel therapeutic strategies for treating diseases. Phenotypic and targeted approaches have been implemented to discover and optimize small-molecule autophagy inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. The phenotypic high-throughput screen identified autophagy inhibitors that could potentially reveal new targets for therapeutic modulation. Synthetic routes have been developed and optimized to generate analogues with higher potency. A targeted approach was also designed to discover small molecules that disrupt the Beclin1-ATG14L protein-protein interaction to selectively inhibit autophagy at an early stage without causing defects in endosomal trafficking. Synthetic routes have been developed to access analogues with improved properties. Small-molecule autophagy modulators that enhance clearance of unesterified cholesterol have also been identified and synthesized for evaluation in Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease models. An enantioselective approach to the synthesis of flavanol derivatives from chalcones has been developed to provide an efficient way to prepare diverse natural product-inspired libraries with stereochemical and appendage diversity to systematically evaluate biological performance diversity and to identify predictive trends to reduce redundancy within small-molecule libraries.
Some relational structures with polynomial growth and their associated algebras I: Quasi-polynomiality of the profile
Creators: name: Pouzet, Maurice
name: Thiéry, Nicolas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E15, 05A15, 03E20

description: The profile of a relational structure $R$ is the function $φ_R$ which counts for every integer $n$ the number $φ_R(n)$, possibly infinite, of substructures of $R$ induced on the $n$-element subsets, isomorphic substructures being identified. If $φ_R$ takes only finite values, this is the Hilbert function of a graded algebra associated with $R$, the age algebra introduced by P. J. Cameron. In this paper we give a closer look at this association, particularly when the relational structure $R$ admits a finite monomorphic decomposition. This setting still encompass well-studied graded commutative algebras like invariant rings of finite permutation groups, or the rings of quasi-symmetric polynomials. We prove that $φ_R$ is eventually a quasi-polynomial, this supporting the conjecture that, under mild assumptions on $R$, $φ_R$ is eventually a quasi-polynomial when it is bounded by some polynomial.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure
Reconstructing an early Albian (Cretaceous) marine food web by employing macrofossil δ13Ccarb data
Creators: name: Mutterlose, Joerg
name: Ohnemus, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3705
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: S1, Early Albian foods web
SNO+ with Tellurium
Creators: name: Biller, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SNO+ experiment, currently undergoing commissioning, will be a large scale liquid scintillator detector capable of studying a variety of physics topics, with the highest priority being a sensitive search for neutrinoless double beta decay. The collaboration has recently decided to use 130Te as the candidate isotope for this search, having developed a new approach to the purification and loading of tellurium into liquid scintillator. An initial Phase I demonstrator with a 0.3% Te loading is expected to reach sensitivities to Majorana neutrino masses approaching the top of the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. If successful, there is significant scope for further enhancements that could lead to measurements covering the vast majority of the inverted hierarchy range with high sensitivity.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures to appear in Physics Procedia, Elsevier
QT-Routenet: Improved GNN generalization to larger 5G networks by fine-tuning predictions from queueing theory
Creators: name: Afonso, Bruno Klaus de Aquino
name: Berton, Lilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to promote the use of machine learning in 5G, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) proposed in 2021 the second edition of the ITU AI/ML in 5G challenge, with over 1600 participants from 82 countries. This work details the second place solution overall, which is also the winning solution of the Graph Neural Networking Challenge 2021. We tackle the problem of generalization when applying a model to a 5G network that may have longer paths and larger link capacities than the ones observed in training. To achieve this, we propose to first extract robust features related to Queueing Theory (QT), and then fine-tune the analytical baseline prediction using a modification of the Routenet Graph Neural Network (GNN) model. The proposed solution generalizes much better than simply using Routenet, and manages to reduce the analytical baseline's 10.42 mean absolute percent error to 1.45 (1.27 with an ensemble). This suggests that making small changes to an approximate model that is known to be robust can be an effective way to improve accuracy without compromising generalization.
Multipopulation aftereffects on the color-magnitude diagram and Cepheid variables of young stellar systems
Creators: name: Carini, R.
name: Brocato, E.
name: Marconi, M.
name: Raimondo, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The evidence of a multipopulation scenario in Galactic globular clusters raises several questions about the formation and evolution of the two (or more) generations of stars. These populations show differences in their age and chemical composition. These differences are found in old- and intermediate- age stellar clusters in the Local Group. The observations of young stellar systems are expected to present footprints of multiple stellar populations. Aims: This theoretical work intends to be a specific step in exploring the space of the observational indicators of multipopulations, without covering all the combinations of parameters that may contribute to the formation of multiple generations of stars in a cluster or in galaxy. The goal is to shed light on the possible observational features expected by core He-burning stars that belong to two stellar populations with different original He content and ages. Methods: The tool adopted was the stellar population synthesis. We used new stellar and pulsation models to construct a homogeneous and consistent framework. Synthetic color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of young- and intermediate-age stellar systems (from 20 Myr up to 1 Gyr) were computed in several photometric bands to derive possible indicators of double populations both in the observed CMDs and in the pulsation properties of the Cepheids. Results: We predict that the morphology of the red/blue clump in VIK bands can be used to photometrically indicate the two stellar populations in a rich assembly of stars if there is a significant difference in their original He content. Moreover, the period distribution of the Cepheids appears to be widely affected by the coeval multiple generations of stars within stellar systems. We show that the Wesenheit relations may be affected by the helium content of the Cepheids.
description: in press on A&A
Micromagnetic Simulations of Submicron Vortex Structures for the Detection of Superparamagnetic Labels
Creators: name: Wetterau, Lukas
name: Abert, Claas
name: Suess, Dieter
name: Albrecht, Manfred
name: Witzigmann, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: micromagnetic simulations
subject: superparamagnetic labels
subject: vortex structures
subject: giant magnetoresistance
subject: lab-on-a-chip device
subject: 550
subject: 600
subject: Mikrosystemtechnik
subject: Mikromagnetismus
subject: Paramagnetismus
subject: Simulation
subject: Lab on a Chip

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
In vitro analysis of the mechanical properties of hypoallergenic denture base resins
Creators: name: Hinz, Sebastian
name: Bensel, Tobias
name: Bömicke, Wolfgang
name: Boeckler, Arne Hellmut Wilhelm Fritjof
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: The development of hypoallergenic denture resins is key to the treatment of patients with allergies to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). In this study, the in vitro mechanical properties of hypoallergenic and PMMA denture base resins were compared. Ninety-six test specimens of hypoallergenic denture base resins (Polyan Plus®, Sinomer, TMS Acetal Dental, Erkocryl) and 72 test specimens of PMMA-based denture base resins (Paladon 65, PalaXpress, SR-Ivocap) were fabricated. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength, macro- and microhardness, average roughness, water absorption, and water solubility of the resins were measured. None of the hypoallergenic denture resins matched all the mechanical properties of the PMMA resins. Polyan Plus® and TMS Acetal Dental were closest to matching the mechanical properties of the PMMA resins, and TMS Acetal Dental had some superior properties. Consequently, Polyan Plus® and TMS Acetal Dental hypoallergenic resins are recommended for further investigation as potential alternatives to PMMA resins for the fabrication of removable dentures.
Validation of DFT functionals in QM/MM simulations of enzymatic reactions initiated by the nucleophilic attack
Creators: name: Khrenova, Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: QM/MM
BioExcel Virtual Workshop on Best Practices in QM/MM Simulation of Biomolecular Systems

description: Part of the BioExcel Virtual Workshop on Best Practices in QM/MM Simulation of Biomolecular Systems Video recording available at https://youtu.be/kKbQ35nj-84 Abstract Numerous enzymatic reactions start with the nucleophilic attack on the activated carbon atom of the substrate. These cover diverse hydrolysis and proteolysis reactions with the water molecule or the side chains of cysteine or serine or threonine acting as a nucleophile. These reactions are extensively studied in QM/MM simulations, with various descriptions of the QM subsystem from semiempirical methods to GGA and hybrid DFT functionals. We utilize a practically important example of the substrate specificity of the main protease from SARS-CoV-2 to study the influence of the QM protocol in the QM/MM molecular dynamics simulation on the quality of description of substrate activation. We demonstrate the importance of hybrid functionals that include admixture of the exact Hartree-Fock exchange. These conclusions are based on the analysis of the Laplacian of electron density maps calculated at different frames of molecular dynamics trajectories obtained at different theory levels. We correlate our conclusions with the results of the 3D structures and corresponding electron densities extracted from other theoretical studies available in literature.
Development and evaluation of a multimodal supportive intervention for promoting physical funktion in older patients with cancer
Creators: name: Shehu, Eni
name: Roggendorf, Sigrid
name: Golla, André
name: Koenig, Antonia
name: Stangl, Gabriele I.
name: Diestelhorst, Andrea
name: Medenwald, Daniel
name: Vordermark, Dirk
name: Steckelberg, Anke
name: Schmidt, Heike Birgit
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 616

description: Physical function is important for older people to maintain selfcare and independence. Physical function may decline during oncologic therapy. In this study, a program to help maintain physical function was developed and tested. Cancer patients, 60 years and older, starting outpatient radiotherapy participated. The individual health condition, risk factors and quality of life were assessed. The results informed individual exercise plans and dietary recommendations. Participants received either paper-based or video-based instructions. After 12 weeks of intervention the assessments were repeated. Four weeks later, a questionnaire was sent to ask about physical activity, nutrition and quality of life. Twenty-four patients participated (14 women, 10 men) with a mean age of 70 ± 7 years. The majority rated the program as helpful. Paper-based or video-based instructions were appreciated equally. The intervention was feasible and showed potential benefit for the maintenance of physical function during outpatient radiotherapy and should be tested with a larger sample. Physical function (PF) in older patients with cancer may decline during and after oncologic therapy. This study aimed to develop and pilot test an individually tailored unsupervised physical activity (PA) program and dietary recommendations to promote PF in older patients with cancer. Following development and pretest, the intervention was pilot tested to explore feasibility, acceptance, adherence and potential benefit. Patients ≥60 years, with heterogeneous cancer diagnoses, starting outpatient radiotherapy were randomized in two study arms: paper-based vs. video-based instructions. Based on assessments of PF, PA, nutrition, cognition, mental health, social support, HRQOL and personal goals, participants received individual recommendations for PA and nutrition. After 12 weeks of intervention (T1), reassessments were performed. The postal 4-week follow-up questionnaire included PA, nutrition and HRQOL. Participants ( = 24, 14 female, mean age 70 ± 7 years) showed comparable characteristics in both study arms. The majority rated the program as helpful. Facilitators and barriers to PA adherence were collected. Both modes of instructions were appreciated equally. PF (EORTC QLQ-C30) declined slightly (not clinically relevant >10 pts.) at group level T0: 76 ± 16, T1: 68 ± 21, T2: 69 ± 24. The intervention was feasible, well accepted, showing potential benefit for the maintenance of PF during outpatient radiotherapy, and should be further tested in a larger sample.
Reconstructing an early Albian (Cretaceous) marine food web by employing macrofossil δ13Ccarb data
Creators: name: Mutterlose, Joerg
name: Ohnemus, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3705
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: S2, figure
title: High-Throughput Phenotyping of Early Generation Small Grains Breeding Lines to Indirectly Select for Grain Yield
Creators: name: Jones, Dalton
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2025

description: In small grains breeding programs, breeders aim to develop better varieties by selecting for important traits like grain yield. However, it takes many years before yield can be measured because several generations of selection are required to fix lines and increase sufficient seed for yield measurements. This process can be slow and expensive
High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) is a modern approach that can increase breeding efficiency by leveraging technology to quickly measure secondary traits which can be used to indirectly select for important traits in crop plants. For example, researchers can use cameras on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, i.e., drones) to capture images that can be utilized to characterize plant health on the basis of pixel color and light reflection. Previous studies have shown that these measurements (i.e., vegetation indices) can help predict crop yield.
This study tested whether using UAV imagery and chlorophyll measurements can be used to predict crop yield at earlier stages (i.e., headrows) in the breeding process. Yield and HTP data were collected from three crop trials – dryland wheat, irrigated wheat, and irrigated barley – and statistical models were used to calculate metrics (e.g., heritability and trait correlations) to determine whether these secondary traits may be useful in the indirect selection for grain yield.
High heritabilities suggested that the HTP traits are under genetic control and may be useful as selection criteria at the early stages of breeding programs. There were also high correlations between the HTP traits measured at headrow stage and grain yield measured in replicated yield trials. This suggests that indirect selection using these HTP traits at the headrow stage may lead to improvements in grain yield. In summary, using UAVs, imaging, and other technologies to measure crop traits at early breeding stages may improve selection accuracy for grain yield, helping breeders to develop higher-yielding varieties more efficiently.
Impact of contrarians and intransigents in a kinetic model of opinion dynamics
Creators: name: Crokidakis, Nuno
name: Blanco, Victor H.
name: Anteneodo, Celia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we study opinion formation on a fully-connected population participating of a public debate with two distinct choices, where the agents may adopt three different attitudes (favorable to either one choice or to the other, or undecided). The interactions between agents occur by pairs and are competitive, with couplings that are either negative with probability $p$ or positive with probability $1-p$. This bimodal probability distribution of couplings produces a behavior similar to the one resulting from the introduction of Galam's contrarians in the population. In addition, we consider that a fraction $d$ of the individuals are intransigent, that is, reluctant to change their opinions. The consequences of the presence of contrarians and intransigents are studied by means of computer simulations. Our results suggest that the presence of inflexible agents affects the critical behavior of the system, causing either the shift of the critical point or the suppression of the ordering phase transition, depending on the groups of opinions intransigents belong to. We also discuss the relevance of the model for real social systems.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, to appear in PRE
Permanent magnet optimization for stellarators as sparse regression
Creators: name: Kaptanoglu, Alan A.
name: Qian, Tony
name: Wechsung, Florian
name: Landreman, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common scientific inverse problem is the placement of magnets that produce a desired magnetic field inside a prescribed volume. This is a key component of stellarator design, and recently permanent magnets have been proposed as a potentially useful tool for magnetic field shaping. Here, we take a closer look at possible objective functions for permanent magnet optimization, reformulate the problem as sparse regression, and propose an algorithm that can efficiently solve many convex and nonconvex variants. The algorithm generates sparse solutions that are independent of the initial guess, explicitly enforces maximum strengths for the permanent magnets, and accurately produces the desired magnetic field. The algorithm is flexible, and our implementation is open-source and computationally fast. We conclude with two new permanent magnet configurations for the NCSX and MUSE stellarators. Our methodology can be additionally applied for effectively solving permanent magnet optimizations in other scientific fields, as well as for solving quite general high-dimensional, constrained, sparse regression problems, even if a binary solution is required.
3D printable composite polymer electrolytes : influence of SiO2 nanoparticles on 3D-printability
Creators: name: Katcharava, Zviadi
name: Marinow, Anja
name: Bhandary, Rajesh
name: Binder, Wolfgang H.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540

description: We here demonstrate the preparation of composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) for Li-ion batteries, applicable for 3D printing process via fused deposition modeling. The prepared composites consist of modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and SiO2-based nanofillers. PEG was successfully end group modified yielding telechelic PEG containing either ureidopyrimidone (UPy) or barbiturate moieties, capable to form supramolecular networks via hydrogen bonds, thus introducing self-healing to the electrolyte system. Silica nanoparticles (NPs) were used as a filler for further adjustment of mechanical properties of the electrolyte to enable 3D-printability. The surface functionalization of the NPs with either ionic liquid (IL) or hydrophobic alkyl chains is expected to lead to an improved dispersion of the NPs within the polymer matrix. Composites with different content of NPs (5%, 10%, 15%) and LiTFSI salt (EO/Li+ = 5, 10, 20) were analyzed via rheology for a better understanding of 3D printability, and via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) for checking their ionic conductivity. The composite electrolyte PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI (EO:Li 5:1) mixed with 15% NP-IL was successfully 3D printed, revealing its suitability for application as printable composite electrolytes.
Probability and Statistics for Particle Physicists
Creators: name: Ocariz, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lectures presented at the 1st CERN Asia-Europe-Pacific School of High-Energy Physics, Fukuoka, Japan, 14-27 October 2012. A pedagogical selection of topics in probability and statistics is presented. Choice and emphasis are driven by the author's personal experience, predominantly in the context of physics analyses using experimental data from high-energy physics detectors.
description: Updated version of lectures given at the First Asia-Europe-Pacific School of High-Energy Physics, Fukuoka, Japan, 14-27 October 2012. Published as a CERN Yellow Report (CERN-2014-001) and KEK report (KEK-Proceedings-2013-8), K. Kawagoe and M. Mulders (eds.), 2014, p. 219. Total 28 pages, 36 figures
Closing the gap: bridging peripheral sensory nerve defects with a chitosan-based conduit : a randomized prospective clinical trial
Creators: name: Böcker, Arne Hendrik
name: Aman, Martin
name: Kneser, Ulrich
name: Harhaus-Wähner, Leila
name: Siemers, Frank
name: Stang, Felix
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: If tensionless nerve coaptation is not possible, bridging the resulting peripheral nerve defect with an autologous nerve graft is still the current gold standard. The concept of conduits as an alternative with different materials and architectures, such as autologous vein conduits or bioartificial nerve conduits, could not replace the nerve graft until today. Chitosan, as a relatively new biomaterial, has recently demonstrated exceptional biocompatibility and material stability with neural lineage cells. The purpose of this prospective randomized clinical experiment was to determine the efficacy of chitosan-based nerve conduits in regenerating sensory nerves in the hand. Forty-seven patients with peripheral nerve defects up to 26 mm distal to the carpal tunnel were randomized to receive either a chitosan conduit or an autologous nerve graft with the latter serving as the control group. Fifteen patients from the conduit group and seven patients from the control group were available for a 12-month follow-up examination. The primary outcome parameter was tactile gnosis measured with two-point discrimination. The secondary outcome parameters were Semmens Weinstein Monofilament Testing, self-assessed pain, and patient satisfaction. Significant improvement (in static two-point discrimination) was observed six months after trauma (10.7 ± 1.2 mm; < 0.05) for chitosan-based nerve conduits, but no further improvement was observed after 12 months of regeneration (10.9 ± 1.3 mm). After six months and twelve months, the autologous nerve graft demonstrated comparable results to the nerve conduit, with a static two-point discrimination of 11.0 ± 2.0 mm and 7.9 ± 1.1 mm. Semmes Weinstein Filament Testing in the nerve conduit group showed a continuous improvement over the regeneration period by reaching from 3.1 ± 0.3 after three months up to 3.7 ± 0.4 after twelve months. Autologous nerve grafts presented similar results: 3.3 ± 0.4 after three months and 3.7 ± 0.5 after twelve months. Patient satisfaction and self-reported pain levels were similar between the chitosan nerve conduit and nerve graft groups. One patient required revision surgery due to complications associated with the chitosan nerve tube. Chitosan-based nerve conduits are safe and suitable for bridging nerve lesions up to 26 mm in the hand. Tactile gnosis improved significantly during the early regeneration period, and functional outcomes were similar to those obtained with an autologous nerve graft. Thus, chitosan appears to be a sufficient substitute for autologous nerve grafts in the treatment of small nerve defects in the hand.
Kernel Relative-prototype Spectral Filtering for Few-shot Learning
Creators: name: Zhang, Tao
name: Huang, Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Few-shot learning performs classification tasks and regression tasks on scarce samples. As one of the most representative few-shot learning models, Prototypical Network represents each class as sample average, or a prototype, and measures the similarity of samples and prototypes by Euclidean distance. In this paper, we propose a framework of spectral filtering (shrinkage) for measuring the difference between query samples and prototypes, or namely the relative prototypes, in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). In this framework, we further propose a method utilizing Tikhonov regularization as the filter function for few-shot classification. We conduct several experiments to verify our method utilizing different kernels based on the miniImageNet dataset, tiered-ImageNet dataset and CIFAR-FS dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed model can perform the state-of-the-art. In addition, the experimental results show that the proposed shrinkage method can boost the performance. Source code is available at https://github.com/zhangtao2022/DSFN.
E-models of inflation and primordial black holes
Creators: name: Frolovsky, Daniel
name: Ketov, Sergei V.
name: Saburov, Sultan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and study the new (generalized) E-type $α$-attractor models of inflation, in order to include formation of primordial black holes (PBHs). The inflaton potential has a near-inflection point where slow-roll conditions are violated, thus leading to large scalar perturbations collapsing to PBHs later. An ultra-slow roll (short) phase exists between two (longer) phases of slow-roll inflation. We numerically investigate the phases of inflation, derive the power spectrum of scalar perturbations and calculate the PBHs masses. For certain values of the parameters, the asteroid-size PBHs can be formed with the masses of $10^{17}÷10^{19}$ g, beyond the Hawking evaporation limit and in agreement with current CMB observations. Those PBHs are a candidate for (part of) dark matter in the present universe, while the gravitational waves induced by the PBHs formation may be detectable by the future space-based gravitational interferometers.
description: 11 pages, 3 Figures, 1 Table, LaTeX; references added
MoS2 nanosheets supported on hollow carbon spheres as efficient catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction
Creators: name: Li, Wenyue
name: Zhang, Zhenyu
name: Zhang, Wenjun
name: Zou, Shouzhong
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Hybridizing structured carbon materials with MoS2 has been demonstrated to be an effective method to increase the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and durability of MoS2. In this study, we report the growth of MoS2 nanosheets on the surface of uniform hollow carbon spheres (HCS) to form a hydrangea-like nanocomposite. The HCS were formed through carbonization of a phenol formaldehyde template, and the MoS2 nanosheets were grown on the HCS surfaces through a hydrothermal method. The nanocomposites have the advantages of significantly improved electrical conductivity, ease of varying the MoS2 loading, and minimizing stacking of MoS2 nanosheets, which are manifested by their remarkably improved HER performance. The well-tuned carbon−MoS2 composite shows a Tafel slope of 48.9 mV dec−1, an onset potential of −0.079 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), and an overpotential of 126 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 after 1000 potential cycles.
Structured diabetes self-management education and its association with perceived diabetes knowledge, information, and disease distress : Results of a nationwide population-based study
Creators: name: Heise, M.
name: Heidemann, C.
name: Baumert, J.
name: Du, Y.
name: Frese, T.
name: Avetisyan, M.
name: Weise, S.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 616

description: Objective: To evaluate, how participation in structured diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs is associated with perceived level of knowledge about diabetes, information needs, information sources and disease distress. Methods: We included 796 ever- and 277 never-DSME participants of the population-based survey “Disease knowledge and information needs - Diabetes mellitus (2017)” from Germany. Data on perceived level of diabetes knowledge (12 items), information needs (11 items), information sources (13 items) and disease distress (2 indices) were collected. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of DSME-participation with these outcomes. Results: DSME-participants showed a higher level of diabetes knowledge compared to never-DSME participants, particularly in aspects concerning diabetes in general (odds ratio 2.53; 95% confidence intervals 1.48–4.33), treatment (2.41; 1.36–4.26), acute complications (1.91; 1.07–3.41) and diabetes in everyday life (1.83; 1.04–3.22). DSME-participants showed higher information needs regarding late complications (1.51; 1.04–2.18) and acute complications (1.71; 1.71–2.48) than DSME never participants. DSME-participants more frequently consulted diabetologists (5.54; 3.56–8.60) and diabetes care specialists (5.62; 3.61–8.75) as information sources. DSME participation was not associated with disease distress. Conclusion: DSME is a valuable tool for improving individual knowledge about diabetes. However, DSME should focus more on psychosocial aspects to reduce the disease burden.
Linear Sigma Model at Finite Temperature and Baryonic Chemical Potential Using the Midpoint Technique
Creators: name: Abu-Shady, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A baryonic chemical potential is included in the linear sigma model at finite temperature. The effective mesonic potential is numerically calculated using the midpoint technique. The meson masses are investigated as functions of the temperature at fixed value of baryonic chemical potential. The pressure and energy density are investigated as functions of temperature at fixed value of chemical potential. The obtained results are in good agreement in comparison with other techniques. We conclude that the calculated effective potential successfully predicts the meson properties and thermodynamic properties at finite baryonic chemical potential.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures