cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Geodetic methods to determine the relativistic redshift at the level of 10-18 in the context of international timescales: a review and practical results
Creators: name: Denker, Heiner
name: Timmen, Ludger
name: Voigt, Christian
name: Weyers, Stefan
name: Peik, Ekkehard
name: Margolis, Helen S.
name: Delva, Pacome
name: Wolf, Peter
name: Petit, Gérard
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : Springer Verlag
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Caesium and optical atomic clocks
subject: Chronometric levelling
subject: International timescales
subject: Relativistic geodesy
subject: Relativistic redshift
subject: Terrestrial Time
subject: Zero level reference gravity potential
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: The frequency stability and uncertainty of the latest generation of optical atomic clocks is now approaching the one part in 1018 level. Comparisons between earthbound clocks at rest must account for the relativistic redshift of the clock frequencies, which is proportional to the corresponding gravity (gravitational plus centrifugal) potential difference. For contributions to international timescales, the relativistic redshift correction must be computed with respect to a conventional zero potential value in order to be consistent with the definition of Terrestrial Time. To benefit fully from the uncertainty of the optical clocks, the gravity potential must be determined with an accuracy of about 0.1m2s−2, equivalent to about 0.01 m in height. This contribution focuses on the static part of the gravity field, assuming that temporal variations are accounted for separately by appropriate reductions. Two geodetic approaches are investigated for the derivation of gravity potential values: geometric levelling and the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)/geoid approach. Geometric levelling gives potential differences with millimetre uncertainty over shorter distances (several kilometres), but is susceptible to systematic errors at the decimetre level over large distances. The GNSS/geoid approach gives absolute gravity potential values, but with an uncertainty corresponding to about 2 cm in height. For large distances, the GNSS/geoid approach should therefore be better than geometric levelling. This is demonstrated by the results from practical investigations related to three clock sites in Germany and one in France. The estimated uncertainty for the relativistic redshift correction at each site is about 2×10−18.
title: Estimates of Marine Mammal, Sea Turtle, and Seabird Bycatch from the California Large-Mesh Drift Gillnet Fishery: 1990-2017
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Carretta, James V.
name: Moore, Jeffrey E.
name: Forney, Karin A.
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)
Year: 2019

description: NOAA technical memorandum NMFS
NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC ; 619
Estimation of instantaneous peak flows from maximum mean daily flows using the HBV hydrological model
Creators: name: Ding, J.
name: Wallner, M.
name: Müller, Hannes
name: Haberlandt, Uwe
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlag
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Model calibration
subject: Instantaneous peak flow (IPF)
subject: Maximum mean daily flow (MDF)
subject: Hydrological modelling
subject: Rainfall disaggregation model
subject: Aller-Leine catchment
subject: Germany
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::551 | Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: The record length and quality of instantaneous peak flows (IPFs) have a great influence on flood design, but these high resolution flow data are not always available. The primary aim of this study is to compare different strategies to derive frequency distributions of IPFs using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) hydrologic model. The model is operated on a daily and an hourly time step for 18 catchments in the Aller-Leine basin, Germany. Subsequently, general extreme value (GEV) distributions are fitted to the simulated annual series of daily and hourly extreme flows. The resulting maximum mean daily flow (MDF) quantiles from daily simulations are transferred into IPF quantiles using a multiple regression model, which enables a direct comparison with the simulated hourly quantiles. As long climate records with a high temporal resolution are not available, the hourly simulations require a disaggregation of the daily rainfall. Additionally, two calibrations strategies are applied: (1) a calibration on flow statistics; (2) a calibration on hydrographs. The results show that: (1) the multiple regression model is capable of predicting IPFs with the simulated MDFs; (2) both daily simulations with post-correction of flows and hourly simulations with pre-processing of precipitation enable a reasonable estimation of IPFs; (3) the best results are achieved using disaggregated rainfall for hourly modelling with calibration on flow statistics; and (4) if the IPF observations are not sufficient for model calibration on flow statistics, the transfer of MDFs via multiple regressions is a good alternative for estimating IPFs. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ding, J.; Wallner, M.; Müller, H.; Haberlandt, U.: Estimation of instantaneous peak flows using HMB hydrological model. In: Hydrological Processes 30 (2016), S.1431-1448, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10725. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
Current-induced nanogap formation and graphitization in boron-doped diamond films
Creators: name: Seshan, V.
name: Arroyo, C. R.
name: Castellanos-Gomez, A.
name: Prins, F.
name: Perrin, M. L.
name: Janssens, S. D.
name: Haenen, K.
name: Nesládek, M.
name: Sudhölter, E. J. R.
name: de Smet, L. C. P. M.
name: van der Zant, H. S. J.
name: Dulic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-current annealing technique is used to fabricate nanogaps and hybrid diamond/graphite structures in boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond films. Nanometer-sized gaps down to 1 nm are produced using a feedback-controlled current annealing procedure. The nanogaps are characterized using scanning electron microscopy and electronic transport measurements. The structural changes produced by the elevated temperature, achieved by Joule heating during current annealing, are characterized using Raman spectroscopy. The formation of hybridized diamond/graphite structure is observed at the point of maximum heat accumulation.
description: 14 pages 4 figures + 1 supplemental figure
Supplementary document for Smart laser with on-demand mode control - 6427329.pdf
Creators: name: Zoysa, Menaka
name: Nakagawa, Yuichiro
name: Izumi, Koki
name: Inoue, Takuya
name: Ishizaki, Kenji
name: Yoshida, Masahiro
name: Gelleta, John
name: Noda, Susumu
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 90606 Photonics and Electro-Optical Engineering (excl. Communications)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Supplementary Information
On the impact of multi-axial stress states on trailing edge bondlines in wind turbine rotor blades
Creators: name: Castelos, Pablo Noever
name: Balzani, Claudio
Publisher: name: Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: wind turbine
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: For a reliable design of wind turbine systems all of their components have to be designed to withstand the loads appearing in the turbine's lifetime. When performed in an integral manner this is called systems engineering, and is exceptionally important for components that have an impact on the entire wind turbine system, such as the rotor blade. Bondlines are crucial subcomponents of rotor blades, but they are not much recognized in the wind energy research community. However, a bondline failure can lead to the loss of a rotor blade, and potentially of the entire turbine, and is extraordinarily relevant to be treated with strong emphasis when designing a wind turbine. Modern wind turbine rotor blades with lengths of 80 m and more offer a degree of flexibility that has never been seen in wind energy technology before. Large deflections result in high strains in the adhesive connections, especially at the trailing edge. The latest edition of the DNV GL guideline from end of 2015 demands a three-dimensional stress analysis of bondlines, whereas before an isolated shear stress proof was sufficient. In order to quantify the lack of safety from older certification guidelines this paper studies the influence of multi-axial stress states on the ultimate and fatigue load resistance of trailing edge adhesive bonds. For this purpose, detailed finite element simulations of the IWES IWT-7.5-164 reference wind turbine blades are performed. Different yield criteria are evaluated for the prediction of failure and lifetime. The results show that the multi-axial stress state is governed by span-wise normal stresses. Those are evidently not captured in isolated shear stress proofs, yielding non-conservative estimates of lifetime and ultimate load resistance. This finding highlights the importance to include a three-dimensional stress state in the failure analysis of adhesive bonds in modern wind turbine rotor blades, and the necessity to perform a three-dimensional characterization of adhesive materials.
Coherent molecule formation in anharmonic potentials near confinement-induced resonances
Creators: name: Sala, S.
name: Zürn, G.
name: Lompe, T.
name: Wenz, A. N.
name: Murmann, S.
name: Serwane, F.
name: Jochim, S.
name: Saenz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a theoretical and experimental study of a system of two ultracold atoms with tunable interaction in an elongated trapping potential. We show that the coupling of center-of-mass and relative motion due to an anharmonicity of the trapping potential leads to a coherent coupling of a state of an unbound atom pair and a molecule with a center of mass excitation. By performing the experiment with exactly two particles we exclude three-body losses and can therefore directly observe coherent molecule formation. We find quantitative agreement between our theory of inelastic confinement-induced resonances and the experimental results. This shows that the effects of center-of-mass to relative motion coupling can have a significant impact on the physics of quasi-1D quantum systems.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Instrument data simulations for GRACE Follow-on: Observation and noise models
Creators: name: Darbeheshti, Neda
name: Wegener, Henry
name: Müller, Vitali
name: Naeimi, Majid
name: Heinzel, Gerhard
name: Hewitson, Martin
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: GRACE mission
subject: gravity
subject: GRACE-FO
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has yielded data on the Earth's gravity field to monitor temporal changes for more than 15 years. The GRACE twin satellites use microwave ranging with micrometre precision to measure the distance variations between two satellites caused by the Earth's global gravitational field. GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) will be the first satellite mission to use inter-satellite laser interferometry in space. The laser ranging instrument (LRI) will provide two additional measurements compared to the GRACE mission: Interferometric inter-satellite ranging with nanometre precision and inter-satellite pointing information. We have designed a set of simulated GRACE-FO data, which include LRI measurements, apart from all other GRACE instrument data needed for the Earth's gravity field recovery. The simulated data files are publicly available via https://doi.org/10.22027/AMDC2 and can be used to derive gravity field solutions like from GRACE data. This paper describes the scientific basis and technical approaches used to simulate the GRACE-FO instrument data.data. This paper describes the scientific basis and technical approaches used to simulate the GRACE-FO instrument data.
Responsible Leadership in Crisis Management: Lessons from the Cuban Missile Crisis and Russia-Ukraine War
Creators: name: ILYAS, MUHAMMAD
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Peace studies
Humanitarian disasters, conflict and peacebuilding
Conflict of laws (incl. private international law)
Criminal law

description: This research paper examines the role of responsible and irresponsible leadership in two major crises: the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Russia-Ukraine War. The paper provides a background and context for responsible leadership and an overview of the two crises. The purpose and significance of the research paper are discussed, along with an analysis of the leadership style of key figures in each crisis. The paper evaluates how President Kennedy’s responsible leadership approach contributed to a successful resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis and how Khrushchev’s irresponsible leadership approach contributed to an escalation of the crisis.
 Similarly, the paper examines how President Putin’s responsible leadership approach contributed to a more stable and peaceful resolution of the Russia-Ukraine War, while Yanukovych’s irresponsible leadership approach contributed to the destabilization of Ukraine.
 The paper concludes by discussing the importance of responsible leadership principles in crises, highlighting how leaders who prioritize transparency, ethical decision-making, and a commitment to promoting the broader social, economic, and environmental interests of the population can build trust, reduce tensions, and promote peaceful solutions. The paper also highlights the consequences of leaders who prioritize their own interests over the broader interests of the population, disregard democratic norms, and engage in deceptive or unethical behavior, which can contribute to instability, escalation, and conflict. Overall, this research paper contributes to a better understanding of the impact of responsible and irresponsible leadership in crises and highlights the need for leaders to prioritize responsible leadership principles in all aspects of their decision-making process, particularly during times of crisis.
Møller scattering and Lorentz-violating Z bosons
Creators: name: Fu, Hao
name: Lehnert, Ralf
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Electron–electron scattering
subject: Møller scattering
subject: Lorentz-violating
subject: nuclear
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Lorentz-symmetry breakdown in weak-interaction physics is studied. In particular, the CPT-even Lorentz-violating contributions to the Z boson in the minimal Standard-Model Extension are considered, and in this context polarized electron–electron scattering is investigated. Corrections to the usual parity-violating asymmetry are determined at tree level. Together with available data, this result can be used to improve existing estimates for the Lorentz-violating kWkW coefficient by two orders of magnitude. Some implications for past and future experiments are mentioned.
Ultra-Compact Dwarfs around NGC 3258 in Antlia
Creators: name: Caso, Juan Pablo
name: Bassino, L. P.
name: Richtler, T.
name: Castelli, A. V. Smith
name: Faifer, Favio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first compact stellar systems with luminosities in the range of ultra-compact dwarfs (UCDs), discovered in the Antlia galaxy cluster (-10.5 < M_V < -11.6). The magnitude limit between UCDs and globular clusters (CGs) is discussed. By means of imaging from VLT (FORS1), CTIO (MOSAIC), and the HST (ACS) archive, eleven UCDs/bright GCs are selected on the basis of photometry and confirmed as Antlia members through radial velocities measured on new GEMINI (GMOS-S) spectra. In addition, nine UCD candidates are identified taking into account properties derived from their surface brightness profiles. All of them, members and candidates, are located in the proximity of NGC\,3258, one of the two brightest elliptical galaxies in the cluster core. Antlia UCDs in this sample present absolute magnitudes fainter than M_V ~ -11.6 mag and most of them have colours within the blue GC range, falling only two within the red GC range. Effective radii measured for the ones lying on the ACS field are in the range R_eff = 3 - 11 pc and are similar to equivalent objects in other clusters, obtained from the literature. The UCD sample shares the same behaviour on the size-luminosity plane: a linear relation between R_eff and M_V is present for UCDs brighter than M_V ~ -10.5 - -11 mag while no trend is detected for fainter ones, that have an approximately constant R_eff. The projected spatial distribution of UCDs, GCs and X-ray emission points to an ongoing merger between two Antlia groups, dominated by NGC 3258 and NGC 3268. Nuclei of dwarf elliptical galaxies and blue UCDs share the same locus on the colour-magnitude diagram, supporting the hypothesis that some blue UCDs may be remnants of stripped nucleated dwarfs.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Saturation effects in exclusive rhoT, rhoL meson electroproduction
Creators: name: Besse, A.
name: Szymanowski, L.
name: Wallon, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use recent results for the gamma*L -> rhoL and gamma*T -> rhoT impact factors, computed in the impact parameter representation within the collinear factorization scheme, to get predictions for the polarized cross-sections sigmaT and sigmaL of the diffractive leptoproduction of the rho meson at high energy. In this approach the helicity amplitude is a convolution of the scattering amplitude of a color dipole with a target, together with the virtual gamma wave function and with the first moments of the rho meson wave function (in the transverse momentum space), given by the distribution amplitudes up to twist 3 for the gamma*T -> rhoT impact factor and up to twist 2 for the gamma*L -> rhoL impact factor. Combining these results with recent dipole models fitted to DIS data, which include saturation effects, we show that the predictions are in good agreement with HERA data for photon virtuality (Q**2) larger than typically 5 GeV**2, without free parameters and with a weak dependence on the choice of the factorization scale, i.e. the shape of the DAs, for both longitudinally and transversely polarized rho meson. For lower values of Q**2, the inclusion of saturation effects is not enough to provide a good description of HERA data. We believe that it is a signal of a need for higher twist contributions in the rho meson DAs. We also analyze the radial distributions of dipoles between the initial gamma* and the final rho meson states.
description: 49 pages, 20 figures
Naturalisation and on-the-job training: evidence from first-generation immigrants in Germany
Creators: name: Haaren-Giebel, Friederike Von
name: Sandner, Malte
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : SpringerOpen
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Citizenship
subject: Human capital
subject: Integration
subject: SOEP
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: This paper empirically analyses the effect of naturalisation on on-the-job training (OJT) participation among first-generation immigrants in Germany. OJT is associated with improved labour market outcomes and provides therefore an indicator for labour market integration. Naturalisation is assumed to act as a signal of the employee’s commitment to the host country and may thus increase employers’ likelihood of offering OJT. Testing the theoretical link with multivariate estimations (based on the German Socio-Economic Panel) shows a positive and significant correlation. To reduce selection bias on observables, propensity score matching is applied, yielding a significant average treatment effect.
The Polonnaruwa meteorite: oxygen isotope, crystalline and biological composition
Creators: name: Wallis, Jamie
name: Miyake, Nori
name: Hoover, Richard B.
name: Oldroyd, Andrew
name: Wallis, Daryl H.
name: Samaranayake, Anil
name: Wickramarathne, K.
name: Wallis, M. K.
name: Gibson, Carl H.
name: Wickramasinghe, N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Results of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Triple Oxygen Isotope analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies are presented for stone fragments recovered from the North Central Province of Sri Lanka following a witnessed fireball event on 29 December 2012. The existence of numerous nitrogen depleted highly carbonaceous fossilized biological structures fused into the rock matrix is inconsistent with recent terrestrial contamination. Oxygen isotope results compare well with those of CI and CI-like chondrites but are inconsistent with the fulgurite hypothesis.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
Altered Maxwell equations in the length gauge
Creators: name: Reiss, H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The length gauge uses a scalar potential to describe a laser field, thus treating it as a longitudinal field rather than as a transverse field. This distinction is revealed in the fact that the Maxwell equations that relate to the length gauge are not the same as those for transverse fields. In particular, a source term is necessary in the length-gauge Maxwell equations, whereas the Coulomb-gauge description of plane waves possesses the basic property of transverse fields that they propagate with no source terms at all. This difference is shown to be importantly consequential in some previously unremarked circumstances; and it explains why the Göppert-Mayer gauge transformation does not provide the security that might be expected of full gauge equivalence.
description: 5 figures
Landau theory-based estimates for viscosity coefficients of uniaxial and biaxial nematic liquid crystals
Creators: name: Shamid, Shaikh M.
name: Allender, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Landau theory, it is shown that eight phenomenological parameters are needed to describe and distinguish the twelve viscosity coefficients of a biaxial nematic phase, or the five viscosity coefficients of a uniaxial nematic phase. The dependence of the coefficients on the macroscopic uniaxial and biaxial order parameters is established. Since these order parameters are determined by the anisotropies of the dielectric constant, we show that it should be possible to determine values for all eight of the phenomenological parameters of the theory from measurements of the temperature dependence of the five viscosities of a uniaxial phase.
description: 15 pages
Multistep flow synthesis of vinyl azides and their use in the copper-catalyzed huisgen-type cycloaddition under inductive-heating conditions
Creators: name: Kupracz, Lukas
name: Hartwig, Jan
name: Wegner, Jens
name: Ceylan, Sascha
name: Kirschning, Andreas
Publisher: name: Frankfurt am Main : Beilstein-Institut Zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Flow reactor
subject: Inductive heating
subject: Iodine azide
subject: Polymer-supported reagents
subject: Vinyl azides
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: The multistep flow synthesis of vinyl azides and their application in the synthesis of vinyltriazoles is reported. The synthesis relies on a stable polymer-bound equivalent of iodine azide that serves to carry out 1,2-functionalization of alkenes in a telescope flow protocol. The intermediate 2-iodo azides are subjected to a DBU-mediated polymer-supported elimination step yielding vinyl azides in good yield. The third step involves the formation of vinyl triazoles by a copper-catalyzed Huisgen-"click" cycloaddition. The required heat is generated by electromagnetic induction based on copper. Copper serves both as heatable as well as catalytically active packed-bed material inside the flow reactor.
Coherent diffraction and holographic imaging of individual biomolecules using low-energy electrons
Creators: name: Latychevskaia, Tatiana
name: Longchamp, Jean-Nicolas
name: Escher, Conrad
name: Fink, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Modern microscopy techniques are aimed at imaging an individual molecule at atomic resolution. Here we show that low-energy electrons with kinetic energies of 50-250 eV offer a possibility of overcome the problem of radiation damage, and obtaining images of individual biomolecules. Two experimental schemes for obtaining images of individual molecules, holography and coherent diffraction imaging, are discussed and compared. Images of individual molecules obtained by both techniques, using low-energy electrons, are shown.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures. See for the full text at Springer website http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-007-6232-9_29# Present and Future Methods for Biomolecular Crystallography, Springer, 2013
Quantum Otto heat engine based on a multiferroic chain working substance
Creators: name: Azimi, M.
name: Chotorlishvili, L.
name: Mishra, S.K.
name: Vekua, Teimuraz
name: Hübner, W.
name: Berakdar, J.
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publishing
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: multiferroic system
subject: quantum heat engine
subject: Chains
subject: Chirality
subject: Electric field effects
subject: Engines
subject: Quantum entanglement
subject: Electric and magnetic fields
subject: Electric polarization
subject: Electric-field amplitude
subject: External electric field
subject: Frustrated spin chains
subject: Multiferroics
subject: Threshold temperatures
subject: Quantum efficiency
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We study a quantum Otto engine operating on the basis of a helical spin-1/2 multiferroic chain with strongly coupled magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters. The presence of a finite spin chirality in the working substance enables steering of the cycle by an external electric field that couples to the electric polarization. We observe a direct connection between the chirality, the entanglement and the efficiency of the engine. An electric-field dependent threshold temperature is identified, above which the pair correlations in the system, as quantified by the thermal entanglement, diminish. In contrast to the pair correlations, the collective many-body thermal entanglement is less sensitive to the electric field, and in the high temperature limit converges to a constant value. We also discuss the correlations between the threshold temperature of the pair entanglement, the spin chirality and the minimum of the fidelities in relation to the electric and magnetic fields. The efficiency of the quantum Otto cycle shows a saturation plateau with increasing electric field amplitude.
Incompressible States of Dirac Fermions in Graphene with Anisotropic Interactions
Creators: name: Apalkov, V. M.
name: Chakraborty, Tapash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the properties of incompressible states of Dirac fermions in graphene in the presence of anisotropic interactions and a quantizing magnetic field. We introduce the necessary formalism to incorporate the anisotropy in the system. The incopmpressible state in graphene is found to survive the anisotropy upto a critical value of the anisotropy parameter. The anisotropy also introduces two branches in the collective excitations of the corresponding Laughlin state. It strongly influences the short-range behavior of the pair-correlation functions in the incompressible ground state.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
An Interview Study for Developing Subjective Measures to Record Self-Reported Mood in Older Adults: Implications for Assistive Technology Development
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Devvrat
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2023
Subjects: gerontechnology
context-awareness
affective computing
mood assessment

description: Increased life expectancy has led to a 15% growth in the population of seniors (aged 65 and above) in Canada, in the last 5 years and this trend is expected to grow. However, the provision of personalized care is bottlenecked, due a severe shortage of formal caregivers in the healthcare industry. Technological solutions are proposed to supplement or replace human care, but have not been widely accepted due to their inability of dynamically adapting to user needs and context of respective situations. Affective data (i.e., emotions and moods of individuals), can be utilized to induce context-awareness and artificial emotional intelligence in such technological solutions, and thereby provide personalized support. Moreover, the capacity of brain to process affective phenomenon can serve as an indicator of onsetting neuro-degenerative diseases. This research thoroughly investigated what affect is, and how it can be used in computing in real-life scenarios. Particularly, evidence was obtained on which biological signals collected using a wearable sensor device were capable of capturing the arousal dimension of affective states (emotions and moods) of individuals. Furthermore, a qualitative study was conducted with older adults using semi-structured interviews, to determine the feasibility and acceptability of different self-report measures of mood, which are crucial to capture the valence dimension of affect. As the hypothesis that older adults would prefer a pictorial measure to self-report their mood failed, we proposed an adjective-based mood reporting instrument prototype, and laid down implications for future research.
Universal atom interferometer simulation of elastic scattering processes
Creators: name: Fitzek, Florian
name: Siemß, Jan-Niclas
name: Seckmeyer, Stefan
name: Ahlers, Holger
name: Rasel, Ernst M.
name: Hammerer, Klemens
name: Gaaloul, Naceur
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: interferometry
subject: atom
subject: geometries
subject: framework
subject: diffraction
subject: equation
subject: coupling
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: In this article, we introduce a universal simulation framework covering all regimes of matter-wave light-pulse elastic scattering. Applied to atom interferometry as a study case, this simulator solves the atom-light diffraction problem in the elastic case, i.e., when the internal state of the atoms remains unchanged. Taking this perspective, the light-pulse beam splitting is interpreted as a space and time-dependent external potential. In a shift from the usual approach based on a system of momentum-space ordinary differential equations, our position-space treatment is flexible and scales favourably for realistic cases where the light fields have an arbitrary complex spatial behaviour rather than being mere plane waves. Moreover, the solver architecture we developed is effortlessly extended to the problem class of trapped and interacting geometries, which has no simple formulation in the usual framework of momentum-space ordinary differential equations. We check the validity of our model by revisiting several case studies relevant to the precision atom interferometry community. We retrieve analytical solutions when they exist and extend the analysis to more complex parameter ranges in a cross-regime fashion. The flexibility of the approach, the insight it gives, its numerical scalability and accuracy make it an exquisite tool to design, understand and quantitatively analyse metrology-oriented matter-wave interferometry experiments. © 2020, The Author(s).
Non-Zeeman Circular Polarization of Molecular Rotational Spectral Lines
Creators: name: Houde, Martin
name: Hezareh, Talayeh
name: Jones, Scott
name: Rajabi, Fereshte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of circular polarization from rotational spectral lines of molecular species in Orion KL, most notably 12CO (J=2 - 1), obtained at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory with the Four-Stokes-Parameter Spectra Line Polarimeter. We find levels of polarization of up to 1 to 2% in general, for 12CO (J=2 - 1) this level is comparable to that of linear polarization also measured for that line. We present a physical model based on resonant scattering in an attempt to explain our observations. We discuss how slight differences in scattering amplitudes for radiation polarized parallel and perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, responsible for the alignment of the scattering molecules, can lead to the observed circular polarization. We also show that the effect is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the plane of the sky component of the magnetic field, and therefore opens up the possibility of measuring this parameter from circular polarization measurements of Zeeman insensitive molecules.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in the ApJ
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with advanced LIGO and advanced virgo
Creators: name: Abbott, B.P.
name: Abbott, R.
name: Abernathy, M.R.
name: Adhikari, R.X.
name: Anderson, S.B.
name: Arai, K.
name: Araya, M.C.
name: Barayoga, J.C.
name: Barish, B.C.
name: Berger, B.K.
name: Billingsley, G.
name: Blackburn, J.K.
name: Bork, R.
name: Brooks, A.F.
name: Cahillane, C.
name: Callister, T.
name: Cepeda, C.
name: Chakraborty, R.
name: Chalermsongsak, T.
name: Aufmuth, Peter
name: Et Al.
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : SpringerOpen
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Gravitational waves
subject: Gravitational-wave detectors
subject: Electromagnetic counterparts
subject: Data analysis
subject: Gravitationswelle
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We present a possible observing scenario for the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We determine the expected sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron-star systems, which are considered the most promising for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and 90% credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5 deg2 to 20 deg2 will require at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of ∼ 2 of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. Should the third LIGO detector be relocated to India as expected, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.
Interplay of three kinds of motion in the disk counterpart of type II spicules: up-flow, transversal and torsional motions
Creators: name: Sekse, D. H.
name: van der Voort, L. Rouppe
name: De Pontieu, B.
name: Scullion, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it was shown that the complex dynamical behaviour of spicules has to be interpreted as the result of simultaneous action of three kinds of motion: (1) field aligned flows, (2) swaying motions, and (3) torsional motions. We use high-quality observations from CRISP at the SST to investigate signs of these different kinetic modes in spicules on the disk. Earlier, rapid blue-shifted excursions (RBEs), short-lived absorption features in the blue wing of chromospheric spectral lines, were identified as the disk counterpart of type II spicules. Here we report the existence of similar absorption features in the red wing of the Ca II 8542 and Halpha lines: rapid red-shifted excursions (RREs). RREs are found over the whole solar disk and are located in the same regions as RBEs: in the vicinity of magnetic field concentrations. RREs have similar characteristics as RBEs: they have similar lengths, widths, lifetimes, and average Doppler velocity. The striking similarity of RREs to RBEs implies that RREs are a manifestation of the same physical phenomenon and that spicules harbour motions that can result in a net red-shift when observed on-disk. We find that RREs are less abundant than RBEs and we interpret the higher number of RBEs and the decreased imbalance towards the limb as an indication that field-aligned up-flows have a significant contribution to the net Dopplershift. Most RREs and RBEs are observed in isolation but we find many examples of parallel and touching RRE/RBE pairs which appear to be part of the same spicule. We interpret the existence of these RRE/RBE pairs as signs that torsional motion is an important characteristic of spicules. The fact that most RBEs and RREs are observed in isolation agrees with the idea that transversal swaying motion is another important kinetic mode. We find examples of transitions from RRE to RBE and vice versa.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Traceability of the Hannover FG5X-220 to the SI units
Creators: name: Schilling, Manuel
name: Timmen, Ludger
Publisher: name: Cham : Springer
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: absolute gravimetry
subject: frequency standard
subject: gravimeter comparison
subject: SI units
subject: metrology
subject: Absolutgravimetrie
subject: Frequenzstandard
subject: Gravimetervergleich
subject: SI Einheiten
subject: Metrologie
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: The absolute measurement of g is currently realized through the laser interferometric measurement of a free falling retro-reflector. The Micro-g LaCoste FG5X is a free-fall gravimeter with a laser interferometer in Mach-Zehnder configuration which uses simultaneous time and distance measurements to calculate the absolute value of g. Because the instrument itself contains the necessary working standards for precise time and length measurements, it is considered independent of external references. The timing is kept with a 10MHz rubidium oscillator with a stability of 5x10e-10. The length unit is realized by the laser interferometer. The frequency calibrated and iodine stabilized helium-neon laser has a wavelength of 633 nm and an accuracy of 2.5x10e-11. In 2012 the FG5-220 of the Institut für Erdmessung (IfE) was upgraded to the FG5X-220. The upgrade included a new dropping chamber with a longer free fall and new electronics including a new rubidium oscillator. The metrological traceability to measurement units of the Système International d’unités (SI unit) is ensured by two complementary and successive approaches: the comparison of frequencies with standards of higher order and the comparison of the measured g to a reference measured by absolute gravimeters defined as primary standards within the SI. A number of experiments to test the rubidium oscillator were performed. The oscillator showed a linear drift of 0.2x10e-3 Hz per month (= 0.3 nm/s² per month) in the first 18 months of use. A jump in the frequency of 0.01 Hz (=20 nm/s²) was revealed recently and the drift rate changed to 0.4x10e-3 Hz/month.
Carex muricata
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: C.muricata L. (C. contigua Hoppe) Cat. 364. l: Haut de Tanay (J.); Val du Trient (J.). - 2: Creux du Loup ob Branson (Schinz); ob Hohtenn (Becherer und Schatzmann). - 3: Catogne (IVtiller); Champex (idem); LeCotterg-Verbier (Koch); Fionnay (Miller); Riddes (J.); Val d'Arolla zwischen Satarma und Lucel (Villaret); Briex (J.); Mattertal vielfach (Wilczek, Becherer, Kilcher u. a.); Furrhalde im Saastal (Höhn). - 3a: Gondo und Gondoschlucht (Becherer).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Vorticity moments in four numerical simulations of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Donzis, D.
name: Gibbon, J. D.
name: Gupta, A.
name: Kerr, R. M.
name: Pandit, R.
name: Vincenzi, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The issue of intermittency in numerical solutions of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations on a periodic box $[0,\,L]^{3}$ is addressed through four sets of numerical simulations that calculate a new set of variables defined by $D_{m}(t) = \left(\varpi_{0}^{-1}Ω_{m}\right)^{α_{m}}$ for $1 \leq m \leq \infty$ where $α_{m}= \frac{2m}{4m-3}$ and $\left[Ω_{m}(t)\right]^{2m} = L^{-3}\I |\bom|^{2m}dV$ with $\varpi_{0} = νL^{-2}$. All four simulations unexpectedly show that the $D_{m}$ are ordered for $m = 1\,,...,\,9$ such that $D_{m+1} < D_{m}$. Moreover, the $D_{m}$ squeeze together such that $D_{m+1}/D_{m}\nearrow 1$ as $m$ increases. The first simulation is of very anisotropic decaying turbulence\,; the second and third are of decaying isotropic turbulence from random initial conditions and forced isotropic turbulence at constant Grashof number respectively\,; the fourth is of very high Reynolds number forced, stationary, isotropic turbulence at up to resolutions of $4096^{3}$.
Safety Map: A Unified Representation for Biomechanics Impact Data and Robot Instantaneous Dynamic Properties
Creators: name: Mansfeld, Nico
name: Hamad, Mazin
name: Becker, Marvin
name: Marin, Antonio Gonzales
name: Haddadin, Sami
Publisher: name: Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Safety
subject: Injuries
subject: Collision avoidance
subject: Robot kinematics
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Task analysis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Close physical human-robot interaction makes it essential to ensure human safety. In particular, the intrinsic safety characteristics of a robot in terms of potential human injury have to be understood well. Then, minimal potential harm can be made a key requirement already at an early stage of the robot design. In this letter, we propose the safety map concept, a map that captures human injury occurrence and robot inherent global or task-dependent safety properties in a unified manner, making it a novel, powerful, and convenient tool to quantitatively analyze the safety performance of a certain robot design. In this letter, we derive the concept and elaborate the map representations of the PUMA 560, KUKA Lightweight Robot IV+, and injury data of the human head and chest. For the latter, we classify and summarize the most relevant impact studies and extend existing literature overviews. Finally, we validate our approach by deriving the safety map for a pick and place task, which allows us to assess human safety and guide the task/robot designer how to take measures in order to account for both safety and task performance requirements, respectively.
Robot Collisions: A Survey on Detection, Isolation, and Identification
Creators: name: Haddadin, Sami
name: De Luca, Alessandro
name: Albu-Schäffer, Alin
Publisher: name: Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Collision avoidance
subject: Robot sensing systems
subject: Service robots
subject: Real-time systems
subject: Human-robot interaction
subject: Algorithm design and analysis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: Robot assistants and professional coworkers are becoming a commodity in domestic and industrial settings. In order to enable robots to share their workspace with humans and physically interact with them, fast and reliable handling of possible collisions on the entire robot structure is needed, along with control strategies for safe robot reaction. The primary motivation is the prevention or limitation of possible human injury due to physical contacts. In this survey paper, based on our early work on the subject, we review, extend, compare, and evaluate experimentally model-based algorithms for real-time collision detection, isolation, and identification that use only proprioceptive sensors. This covers the context-independent phases of the collision event pipeline for robots interacting with the environment, as in physical human-robot interaction or manipulation tasks. The problem is addressed for rigid robots first and then extended to the presence of joint/transmission flexibility. The basic physically motivated solution has already been applied to numerous robotic systems worldwide, ranging from manipulators and humanoids to flying robots, and even to commercial products.