Oxysarcodexia fringidea Det. J. M. D'Almeida
Creators: name: Souza, Carina Mara De
name: Pape, Thomas
name: Thyssen, Patricia Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Oxysarcodexia
Oxysarcodexia fringidea

description: Oxysarcodexia fringidea (Curran & Walley, 1934)
(Figs 128–131)
Sarcophaga fringidea Curran & Walley, 1934: 488; Guyana, Georgetown. Holotype male, female allotype and four female paratypes in AMNH (not examined).
Oxysarcodexia lopesi Dodge, 1966: 687; Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Carvoeiro. Holotype male, female allotype, six male paratypes and two female paratypes in MNRJ (not examined).
Oxysarcodexia (Xylocamptopsis) fringidea: Cheung et al. (2013: 51), incorrect subsequent attribution of subgenus for fringidea Curran & Walley, 1934.
Oxysarcodexia fringidae: Sousa et al. (2016: 9) and Carmo et al. (2017: 494), incorrect subsequent spelling of fringidea Curran & Walley, 1934.
Diagnosis. Male. Length 8.0–9.0 mm. Postocular plate with pale golden pollinosity. Ocellar bristles weakly developed. Thorax with pale golden pollinosity more evident at humeral portion. Two well-differentiated posterior and 1–3 smaller anterior post-sutural dorsocentrals. Apical scutellar bristles absent. Legs blackish. Abdomen with pale golden pollinosity, T5 with golden pollinosity along the entire extension. T3 with 3 pairs of lateral marginal bristles, T4 with 1 pair of median marginal and 3 pairs of lateral marginal bristles. ST5 with deep median cleft with margins almost parallel and with bristles at apex of arms. Cercus straight in lateral view, with expanded obliquely cut apex and dorsal subapical barb. Cercus with bristles ventrally only in distal third. Cerci with distal third as broad as middle part in posterior view; parallel. Pregonite with expanded base, gradually narrowing to apex, which is darker than base. Postgonite like pregonite, except unicolorous. Distiphallus with smooth ventroapical margin, conical apex and straight dorsal outline. Vesica asymmetrical, with angular median projection of main branch; distal lobes well developed, rounded, partially membranous, with spines only along margins.
Remarks. Lopes (1938) redescribed this species and pointed out the intraspecific variation in the size of the vesica (sometimes reduced), and that asymmetry was always observed. See also remarks under O. aurata. The female of O. fringidea has T7 membranous (Tibana & Mello 1985).
Distribution. NEOTROPICAL. Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro), Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.
Biology. Bred from human feces under natural conditions. In the laboratory, O. fringidea has been reared on agar gel plus powdered milk, developing from first instar to adult in 14–17 days (Lopes 1973b). Human feces, cow liver and lung, rotten bovine meat, pig and rat carcasses, fish (sardine), chicken liver and squid have been used as bait to collect this species (Curran & Walley 1934; Couri et al. 2000; Sousa et al. 2011; Vairo et al. 2014; Barbosa 2015; Barbosa et al. 2015; Dias et al. 2015; Sousa et al. 2016; Barbosa et al. 2017; Carmo et al. 2017; Lopes et al. 2018). Methods of collection reported in the literature are: active collection with insect nets or passive collection using baited or Shannon traps (Couri et al. 2000; Pamplona et al. 2000; Vairo et al. 2014; Barbosa et al. 2015; Dias et al. 2015; Sousa et al. 2016; Barbosa et al. 2017; Carmo et al. 2017). It has been reported from the Amazon forest (Sousa et al. 2011), Atlantic forest (Lopes et al. 2018) humid tropical rainforest (Vairo et al. 2014), areas of degraded vegetation (Pamplona et al. 2000), coastline areas (Barbosa et al. 2015, 2017), palm groves, marshland and mangrove areas (Sousa et al. 2016), and forest areas in Serra do Navio in the Brazilian state of Amapá (Couri et al. 2000). In the Brazilian state of Maranhão, O. fringidea was classified as accidental and rare (Sousa et al. 2015). Specimens of O. fringidea were collected in association with pig carcasses exposed in an urban area, in the post-decay stage of decomposition during the Brazilian autumn and in the initial stage during the summer, whereas no individuals were collected during the winter and spring seasons (Dias et al. 2015). Lopes et al. (2018) reported O. fringidea as associated with the butyric fermentation and dry decay stages of decomposition of pig carcasses. Oxysarcodexia fringidea is considered a species useful for biomonitoring purposes, revealing anthropogenic impacts due to its preference for modified habitats such as clearings (Sousa et al. 2014). This is also corroborated by the results of Barbosa et al. (2017), who collected this species only on sandy beaches affected by moderate to high anthropogenic impact.
Material examined. [♂] COLOMBIA: Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu Camino a San Martin, 3°41′N 70°15′W, 1-10.iii.2004, sweepnet, T. Pape & D. Arias. Id #4325 / NRM-DIPT 0014659 [NRM] // [♂] Cach. tronco R. Cumina Para Almeida 18-X1-38 / Oxysarcodexia fringidea ♂ (Curr & Wall) 44 Det. H.S. Lopes [MNRJ] // [♂] Brasil: Amapá; Mazagão v-vi.1983 J. M. D’Almeida col. / Oxysarcodexia fringidea (Curran & Walley) Det. J. M. D’Almeida [MNRJ] // [♂] BRASIL: Amazonas, Manaus. Mercado Municipal 18/III/2002 Ale-Rocha, R., Soares, E.F. / Oxysarcodexia fringidea (Curran & Walley) Det. C. A. Mello-Patiu [MNRJ] // [♂] CACH TRONCO R. CUMINA PARA ALMEIDA 10-XI-38 / Oxysarcodexia fringidea ♂ (Curr & Wall) 44 Det. H. S. Lopes [MNRJ] // [♂] Villa Tunari, Chapare Cochabamba, BOLIVIA 500 m, 5/ 9-I-1958 Monrós y Wygodzinsky / carvalhoi / O. fringidea [no italics] Det. C. M. Souza [MNRJ].
description: Published as part of Souza, Carina Mara De, Pape, Thomas & Thyssen, Patricia Jacqueline, 2020, Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) - a centennial conspectus, pp. 1-126 in Zootaxa 4841 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4841.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4405603