cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive detection of the group A Rotavirus using Apolipoprotein H-coated ELISA plates compared to quantitative real-time PCR
Creators: name: Adlhoch, Cornelia
name: Kaiser, Marco
name: Hoehne, Marina
name: Marques, Andreas Mas
name: Stefas, Ilias
name: Veas, Francisco
name: Ellerbrok, Heinz
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Infektionsepidemiologie; Robert Koch-Institut, Biologische Sicherheit
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Adult
subject: Humans
subject: Sensitivity and Specificity
subject: Infant
subject: Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
subject: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
subject: Feces/virology
subject: Virology/methods
subject: Rotavirus/isolation & purification
subject: Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis
subject: Serologic Tests/methods
subject: beta 2-Glycoprotein I/diagnostic use
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: The principle of a capture ELISA is binding of specific capture antibodies (polyclonal or monoclonal) to the surface of a suitable 96 well plate. These immobilized antibodies are capable of specifically binding a virus present in a clinical sample. Subsequently, the captured virus is detected using a specific detection antibody. The drawback of this method is that a capture ELISA can only function for a single virus captured by the primary antibody. Human Apolipoprotein H (ApoH) or b2-glycoprotein 1 is able to poly-specifically bind viral pathogens. Replacing specific capture antibodies by ApoH should allow poly-specific capture of different viruses that subsequently could be revealed using specific detection antibodies. Thus, using a single capture ELISA format different viruses could be analysed depending on the detection antibody that is applied. In order to demonstrate that this is a valid approach we show detection of group A rotaviruses from stool samples as a proof of principle for a new method of capture ELISA that should also be applicable to other viruses. Results: Stool samples of different circulating common human and potentially zoonotic group A rotavirus strains, which were pretested in commercial EIAs and genotyped by PCR, were tested in parallel in an ApoH-ELISA set-up and by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Several control samples were included in the analysis. The ApoH-ELISA was suitable for the capture of rotavirus-particles and the detection down to 1,000 infectious units (TCID50/ml). Subsets of diagnostic samples of different G- and P-types were tested positive in the ApoH-ELISA in different dilutions. Compared to the qPCR results, the analysis showed high sensitivity, specificity and low cross-reactivity for the ApoH-ELISA, which was confirmed in receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Conclusions: In this study the development of a highly sensitive and specific capture ELISA was demonstrated by combining a poly-specific ApoH capture step with specific detection antibodies using group A rotaviruses as an example.
Evaluating the Application of an EMS Clinical Judgment Theoretical Framework
Creators: name: McAllister, Nicole T.
name: McBride, Nadine L.
name: Salhi, Hussam E
name: Fauvel, Alix Delamare
name: Keating, Glen
name: Smiley, Abbey
name: Gage, Christopher B.
name: Powell, Jonathan R.
name: Panchal, Ashish R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Clinical judgment (CJ) encompasses clinical reasoning (process of evaluating a problem) and clinical decision-making (choice made). A theoretical model to better define emergency medical services (EMS) CJ has been developed but its use has not been evaluated in EMS training and assessments. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of this EMS CJ model to assess clinical reasoning and decision-making in a simulated environment. In this evaluation, EMS clinician teams (2-3 members) were directed to care for a simulated older adult patient in their home following a fall. Simulations were video recorded, clinician team actions coded, and evaluated for whether proper CJ reasoning and decisions were made. We evaluated CJ in two ways: 1) EMS medical directors' (MD) determination of whether the CJ questions were addressed (MD score) and 2) objective rubric evaluation of CJ questions using the EMS CJ model focused on recognition of appropriate cues, performance of actions, and revaluation after action (rubric score). The CJ questions addressed in this simulation included: 1) Is the patient stable/unstable?, 2) Are interventions necessary before movement?, 3) How should the patient be transferred from the floor?, and 4) Does the cause of the fall require hospital evaluation? Descriptive statistics were calculated, and concordance between the two assessments was evaluated (mean, 95% CI). Percent concordance was calculated with a validity threshold set at 70%. Four EMS MDs reviewed 20 videos addressing 80 clinical judgment decisions. Overall concordance between MD score and rubric score for CJ decisions was above the threshold at 88.1% (85.0, 91.2). Concordance between MD score and rubric score for each CJ decision was 92.0% (87.3, 96.7) for question 1, 79.9% (71.5, 88.3) for question 2, 95.0% (90.4, 99.6) for question 3, and 85.4% (79.5, 91.2) for question 4. An objective evaluation of CJ decisions using a rubric derived from an EMS CJ theoretical framework demonstrated high concordance to subjective evaluations of CJ made by EMS MDs. This approach may allow for reproducible and objective CJ evaluations that could be used for competency assessment in EMS.
Community Disparities in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Prehospital Antiarrhythmic Practices
Creators: name: Papin, Anastasia S.
name: Chan, Hei Kit
name: Child, Angela
name: Mann, N. Clay
name: Walter, Daniel C.
name: Johnson, Anna Maria
name: Schulz, Kevin
name: Page-Reeves, Janet
name: Huebinger, Ryan M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Antiarrhythmic administration is an important treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with a shockable rhythm, but a minimal amount is known about disparities in such antiarrhythmic practices. We sought to investigate the association between community race/ethnicity and prehospital antiarrhythmic administration for OHCA. We conducted a retrospective study of a national prehospital database, National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS), linked to Census data. We included OHCAs with a shockable rhythm from 2018 to 2021. We stratified patients based on majority (>50%) ZIP code race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White (White), non-Hispanic Black (Black), and Hispanic/Latino). We then created two cohorts: (1) patients with a shockable rhythm at any point to study differences in antiarrhythmic administration rates, and (2) patients with an initial shockable rhythm to analyze differences in time to antiarrhythmic administration. For patients with a shockable rhythm at any point, we used logistic regressions to evaluate the association of community race to antiarrhythmic administration. For patients with an initial shockable rhythm, we compared the time from emergency medical services (EMS) dispatch to the first antiarrhythmic administration. Of 763,944 cardiac arrests, 311,499 had a shockable rhythm during the OHCA, and 237,838 had an initial shockable rhythm. For patients with a shockable rhythm at any point, majority White (33.0%) received antiarrhythmics at a higher rate than majority Black (28.9%; aOR 0.9, 95%CI 0.8–0.9) and majority Hispanic/Latino (27.8%; aOR 0.8 95%CI 0.7–0.8). For patients with an initial shockable rhythm, the time to antiarrhythmic for White (median 19.6 min, IQR 15.00–26.28 min) was lower than for Black (median 20.5 min, IQR 16.33–26.35 min, p < 0.01) but higher than Hispanic/Latino (median 18.0 min, IQR 14.33–23.42 min, p < 0.01). While antiarrhythmic administration rate was lower for minority communities and time to antiarrhythmic was higher for Black OHCAs, time to antiarrhythmic administration was lower for Hispanic/Latino OHCAs.
sj-pdf-2-jcb-10.1177_0271678X211031321 - Supplemental material for A CBF decrease in the left supplementary motor areas: New insight into postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome using arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI
Creators: name: Boisgontier, Jennifer
name: Fillon, Ludovic
name: Rutten, Caroline
name: Saitovitch, Ana
name: Dufour, Christelle
name: Lemaître, Hervé
name: Beccaria, Kévin
name: Blauwblomme, Thomas
name: Levy, Raphaël
name: Dangouloff-Ros, Volodia
name: Grévent, David
name: Roux, Charles-Joris
name: Grill, Jacques
name: Vinçon-Leite, Alice
name: Saidoun, Lila
name: Bourdeaut, Franck
name: Zilbovicius, Monica
name: Boddaert, Nathalie
name: Puget, Stéphanie
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: Medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jcb-10.1177_0271678X211031321 for A CBF decrease in the left supplementary motor areas: New insight into postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome using arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI by Jennifer Boisgontier, Ludovic Fillon, Caroline Rutten, Ana Saitovitch, Christelle Dufour, Hervé Lemaître, Kévin Beccaria, Thomas Blauwblomme, Raphaël Levy, Volodia Dangouloff-Ros, David Grévent, Charles-Joris Roux, Jacques Grill, Alice Vinçon-Leite, Lila Saidoun, Franck Bourdeaut, Monica Zilbovicius, Nathalie Boddaert and Stéphanie Puget in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
Physical Properties of Food Oils and Factors Affecting Bubble Dynamics During Frying
Creators: name: Sahasrabudhe, Shreya Narayan
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Food engineering
Food chemistry and food sensory science
Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering not elsewhere classified
Food packaging, preservation and processing

description: The study is focused on study of surface and interfacial properties of oil at high temperatures, to understand the mechanisms of heat transfer and oil absorption during frying
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X211028680 - Supplemental material for Intranasal delivery of interleukin-4 attenuates chronic cognitive deficits via beneficial microglial responses in experimental traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Pu, Hongjian
name: Ma, Cheng
name: Zhao, Yongfang
name: Wang, Yangfan
name: Zhang, Wenting
name: Miao, Wanying
name: Yu, Fang
name: Hu, Xiaoming
name: Shi, Yejie
name: Leak, Rehana K
name: Hitchens, T Kevin
name: Dixon, C Edward
name: Bennett, Michael VL
name: Chen, Jun
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Emergency Medicine
subject: Endocrinology
subject: Medicine
subject: Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Radiology and Organ Imaging
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X211028680 for Intranasal delivery of interleukin-4 attenuates chronic cognitive deficits via beneficial microglial responses in experimental traumatic brain injury by Hongjian Pu, Cheng Ma, Yongfang Zhao, Yangfan Wang, Wenting Zhang, Wanying Miao, Fang Yu, Xiaoming Hu, Yejie Shi, Rehana K Leak, T Kevin Hitchens, C Edward Dixon, Michael VL Bennett and Jun Chen in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
A clinical trial alert tool to recruit large patient samples and assess selection bias in general practice research
Creators: name: Heinemann, Stephanie
name: Thüring, Sabine
name: Wedeken, Sven
name: Schäfer, Tobias
name: Scheidt-Nave, Christa
name: Ketterer, Mirko
name: Himmel, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsberichterstattung
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Aged
subject: Humans
subject: Female
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Selection Bias
subject: Prospective Studies
subject: Aged 80 and over
subject: Clinical Trials as Topic
subject: Eligibility Determination
subject: General Practice/organization & administration
subject: General Practitioners
subject: Health Surveys/methods
subject: Nurses
subject: Osteoporosis/prevention & control
subject: Patient Selection
subject: Sampling Studies
subject: Software
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Many research projects in general practice face problems when recruiting patients, often resulting in low recruitment rates and an unknown selection bias, thus limiting their value for health services research. The objective of the study is to evaluate the recruitment performance of the practice staff in 25 participating general practices when using a clinical trial alert (CTA) tool. Methods: The CTA tool was developed for an osteoporosis survey of patients at risk for osteoporosis and fractures. The tool used data from electronic patient records (EPRs) to automatically identify the population at risk (net sample), to apply eligibility criteria, to contact eligible patients, to enrol and survey at least 200 patients per practice. The effects of the CTA intervention were evaluated on the basis of recruitment efficiency and selection bias. Results: The CTA tool identified a net sample of 16,067 patients (range 162 to 1,316 per practice), of which the practice staff reviewed 5,161 (32%) cases for eligibility. They excluded 3,248 patients and contacted 1,913 patients. Of these, 1,526 patients (range 4 to 202 per practice) were successfully enrolled and surveyed. This made up 9% of the net sample and 80% of the patients contacted. Men and older patients were underrepresented in the study population. Conclusion: Although the recruitment target was unreachable for most practices, the practice staff in the participating practices used the CTA tool successfully to identify, document and survey a large patient sample. The tool also helped the research team to precisely determine a slight selection bias.
Would provision of Take Home Naloxone Kits by Emergency Medical Services be perceived as acceptable to people at risk of opioid overdose? A qualitative study
Creators: name: Hughes, Jane
name: Sampson, F. C.
name: Buykx, Penny
name: Long, Jaqui
name: Edwards, Adrian
name: Evans, B.A.
name: Goodacre, Steve
name: Jones, Matthew B.
name: Moore, Chris
name: Snooks, Helen A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology

description: Take home naloxone kits can reduce mortality, but we know little about how they are perceived by people with lived experience of opioid use. Provision of naloxone in the community has been shown to significantly reduce mortality from opioid overdose. Currently, this is predominantly through drug treatment support services but expanding provision through other services might be effective in increasing kit take-up and mortality reduction. This study aimed to examine participants' experiences of opiate overdose and acceptability of provision of naloxone kits through ambulance/paramedic emergency services (EMS) and hospital Emergency Departments (ED). Qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 people who had direct experience of opioid use. Participants were recruited at two substance-use treatment centres and a third sector support organisation in three large cities in the United Kingdom. Interviews examined respondents’ experiences of opioid use and opioid overdose, access and personal use of naloxone kits, and opinions about kit provision from EMS and hospital ED staff. Interview data were thematically analysed using a constant comparative method. Four key themes were identified during analysis: 1) High levels of overdose experience and knowledge of naloxone and naloxone kits; 2) naloxone kits were perceived as effective and easy to use 3) There were some concerns around the risks of administering naloxone, such as peer aggression during withdrawal. 4) Participants supported much wider personal, family and peer provision of naloxone kits from community support organisations as well as from EMS. Participants felt naloxone kits were an important resource and they wanted increased provision across a range of services including EMS and hospital ED staff as well as community pharmacies and needle exchange centres. Participants wanted naloxone kit provision to be extended to peers, family and friends.
Die Förderung von Resilienz und Schutzfaktoren bei Kindern suchtkranker Eltern
Creators: name: Jordan, Susanne
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsberichterstattung
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Prävention
subject: Resilienz
subject: Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren
subject: Kinder suchtkranker Eltern
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Kinder aus suchtbelasteten Familien sind eine Hochrisikogruppe für die Entwicklung einer psychischen oder substanzbezogenen Störung. Die elterliche Suchterkrankung kann unterschiedliche Effekte auf die körperliche, psychische und kognitive Gesundheit der Kinder in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsphasen auslösen, insbesondere internalisierende und externalisierende Störungen. Für die Entwicklung der psychischen Gesundheit dieser Kinder spielt die Förderung von Resilienz und Schutzfaktoren eine entscheidende Rolle. Allgemeine und spezifische Resilienz- sowie Schutzfaktoren, die für Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnamen für Kinder aus suchtbelasteten Familien relevant sind, werden anhand empirischer Studien vorgestellt. Resilienz wird im Allgemeinen als eine psychische Widerstandsfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen gegenüber biologischen, psychischen und psychosozialen Entwicklungsrisiken verstanden. Entscheidend ist die Mehrebenenbetrachtung internaler und externaler protektiver Faktoren. Dabei ist Resilienz als ein Prozess zu verstehen, der im Laufe des Lebens Schwankungen unterworfen ist. Für die theoretische Konzeption von Präventionsmaßnahmen für Kinder suchtbelasteter Eltern eignet sich das Stress-Strain-Coping-Support-Modell.
Drug-induced nephrolithiasis: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system
Creators: name: Shen, Yu
name: Yang, Yang
name: Wei, Xinyuan
name: Liang, Jiayu
name: Liu, Zhenhua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Drug-induced nephrolithiasis is a recognized complication in clinical practice. The objective of this study is to identify drugs that are significantly associated with an increased risk of inducing nephrolithiasis based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). We collected adverse event reports associated with drug-induced nephrolithiasis from the first quarter of 2004 (2004 Q1) to the fourth quarter of 2023 (2023 Q4) in the FAERS database. Subsequently, we applied 4 disproportionality algorithms to evaluate the connection between drugs and nephrolithiasis. A total of 32,788 adverse event reports related to nephrolithiasis with primary suspected drugs were identified. The 50 drugs with the highest frequency and the 40 drugs with the strongest signal were identified and counted. The most frequently occurring drug was adalimumab, while the antiretroviral drug indinavir exhibited the strongest signal intensity. The labels for many of these drugs did not mention the risk of nephrolithiasis. This comprehensive pharmacovigilance study has revealed many drugs potentially associated with an increased risk of nephrolithiasis. Notably, vigilant surveillance for nephrolithiasis risk while using these drugs is crucial in clinical practice.
Morbiditätsprognosen auf Basis von Bevölkerungsprognosen Welchen Beitrag kann ein Gesundheitsmonitoring leisten?
Creators: name: Nowossadeck, Enno
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsberichterstattung
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Gesundheitsmonitoring
subject: Morbiditätsprognosen
subject: Bevölkerungsprognosen
subject: Demografischer Wandel
subject: Szenario-Technik
subject: Forecast of morbidity
subject: Health monitoring
subject: Population projections
subject: Demographic change
subject: Scenario-based design
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Die Alterung der Gesellschaft, so wird angenommen, wird zu einem Anstieg der Zahl an erkrankten Menschen beziehungsweise der Neuerkrankungen und zu steigenden Belastungen des Gesundheitssystems führen. Morbiditätsprognosen fällt in diesem Zusammenhang die Aufgabe zu, plausible Informationen über den wahrscheinlichen Verlauf künftiger indikationsspezifischer Inzidenz- und Prävalenzzahlen bereitzustellen, um Hinweise auf notwendige Handlungsbedarfe des Gesundheitssystems ableiten zu können. Zur Berücksichtigung des demografischen Wandels knüpfen sie an Bevölkerungsprognosen an. Häufig wird ein einfacher methodischer Ansatz genutzt, bei dem empirisch gefundene Morbiditätsraten konstant in die Zukunft fortgeschrieben werden. Dieser ignoriert jedoch zu erwartende Veränderungen infolge des medizinischen Fortschritts, einer zunehmenden Prävention, einer sich verändernden Gesundheitsversorgung oder auch eines veränderten Gesundheitsverhaltens. Das Ausmaß dieser Veränderungen ist unbekannt. Dennoch lassen sich gegenwärtige Trends identifizieren, die zur Erarbeitung dynamisierter Szenarien der künftigen Entwicklung genutzt werden können. Das Gesundheitsmonitoring des Robert Koch-Instituts ist hierfür eine wertvolle Datenquelle. Auf seiner Grundlage können Morbiditätsraten und aktuelle Trends für wichtige Krankheitsentitäten ermittelt werden, die aus anderen Datenquellen nicht zur Verfügung stehen.
description: It is assumed that an aging population will lead to an increase of incidence and prevalence rates of many diseases, thus, resulting in rising health care costs in Germany. Forecasts of morbidity will have to provide plausible information on probable trends of incidence and prevalence rates in order to derive measures to be taken within the health care system. These forecasts are based on population projections considering demographic change. Often, a simple methodical approach is applied by constantly extrapolating empirical morbidity rates into the future. This approach not only takes into account changes resulting from advanced medical care and prevention measures, but also improved health behavior among the population. The dimensions of these changes are still not known. Nevertheless, present trends, which could be utilized for developing dynamic scenarios of future processes, can be identified. For this, the health monitoring administrated by the Robert Koch Institute is a valuable data source. Using these data, morbidity rates and present trends regarding important diseases, which are not available from other data sources, can be determined.
Against a reading of a sacred landscape: Raja Shehadeh rewrites the Palestinian presence in Palestinian Walks
Creators: name: A.M. Nashef, Hania
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Middle East--Palestine
subject: Area studies
subject: Reportage literature
subject: Place (Philosophy)
subject: Space
subject: Arab countries
subject: Imperialism

description: ABSTRACT  In his introduction to Palestinian Walks, Raja Shehadeh remarks that in spite of the great number of travelers to Palestine, travel literature, for the most part, willfully ignored the living experience and existence of the land’s inhabitants. Often, Palestine was the imaginary place that was continuously invented to confirm religious and political beliefs. The Biblical imagination, along with the orientalist gaze, informed the accounts, and anything that did not correspond to the preconceived repertoire was quickly discarded. The native inhabitants were the first victims. At best professed the savage other, they were not considered the land’s rightful owners. Palestine was symbolically colonized in the Western imagination long before the British mandate. This vanishing homeland is a subject that dominates Shehadeh’s nonfiction narrative. Accounts of his walks expose parts of his homeland’s beauty and rewrite the Palestinian presence in its place, providing a counter-narrative to the Biblical imagination.
Performance of Various Commercial Assays for the Detection of Toscana Virus Antibodies
Creators: name: Ergünay, Koray
name: Litzba, Nadine
name: Lo, Modou Moustapha
name: Aydoğan, Sibel
name: Saygan, Mehmet B.
name: Us, Dürdal
name: Weidmann, Manfred
name: Niedrig, Matthias
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Biologische Sicherheit
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Humans
subject: Sensitivity and Specificity
subject: Immunoglobulin M/blood
subject: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
subject: Reproducibility of Results
subject: Fluorescent Antibody Technique
subject: Immunoglobulin G/blood
subject: Antibodies Viral/blood
subject: Indirect/methods
subject: Immunoblotting/methods
subject: Neutralization Tests/methods
subject: Sandfly fever Naples virus/immunology
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Introduction: Sandfly fever virus (SFV) serotypes sandfly fever Naples virus, sandfly fever Sicilian virus, and sandfly fever Cyprus virus cause febrile diseases, whereas Toscana virus (TOSV) is responsible for aseptic meningoencephalitis. Diagnosis and surveillance of TOSV depend heavily on virus serology, and various commercial assays utilizing various antigen sources and formats have been available. The aim of this study was to perform comparative evaluation of commercially available serological assays for anti-TOSV immunoglobulins. Materials and Methods: A collection of 120 sera from healthy blood donors from an endemic region, previously identified to be reactive for antibodies against various SFV serotypes by indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT), was reevaluated for IgG/IgM via IIFT, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and an immunoblot assay manufactured by Euroimmun, Diesse, and Mikrogen, respectively. Virus neutralization test (VNT) was performed for 99 sera using standard TOSV, sandfly fever Sicilian virus, and sandfly fever Naples virus strains. Results: A total of 89 samples (74.2%) were reactive for TOSV IgG in at least one of the commercial assays, and 31 samples (31.3%) were reactive in VNT for various SFV serotypes. Average percentage agreements among commercial assays and between VNT and the commercial assays were noted as 57.8% and 62.6%, respectively. No significant correlation between assay results and VNT titers was observed. SFV IgM antibodies were detected in a total of eight samples (6.7%) via IIFT, which were nonreactive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and VNT. Discussion: Commercial diagnostic immunoassays displayed slight to fair agreement for TOSV IgG as assessed via kappa and percentage agreement values. The results could only be confirmed via virus neutralization in a portion of the samples, and overall agreement between the commercial assays and VNT was slight. Commercial assays such as immunoblot can be used in addition to VNT for confirmation of TOSV exposure.
Exploring the Use of Immersive Simulation to Teach Research Skills to Student Paramedics in Higher Education: A Mixed Methods Approach
Creators: name: Runacres, Jessica
name: Wheatley, Sean
name: Browne, Emily
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Within paramedic education immersive simulation is widely used to teach technical skills, but its application to non-technical aspects of practice, such as research skills, is limited. This study aimed to explore immersive simulation as a tool to teach specific research skills to paramedic students in higher education to investigate its novel capacity beyond the more traditionally considered technical elements of practice. A didactic pre-briefing was delivered to undergraduate paramedic students before they undertook an immersive simulation in which they were expected to assess, extricate, and treat a stroke patient, whilst also assessing whether he was suitable to be enrolled onto a clinical trial, provide information on this, and take consent. A large-scale immersive environment furnished with surround audio-visual display equipment was utilized; the environment also contained an ambulance, a hatchback car, and two actors. After the simulation and debriefing, students completed an online questionnaire comprising open-ended questions and the following scales: Simulation Design Scale (fidelity subscale only), Simulation Effectiveness Tool – Modified, and Satisfaction with Simulation Experience. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a manifest qualitative content analysis. Data were collected from twenty-eight undergraduate paramedic students. Most students believed simulation fidelity was important (89.3%) and most agreed that the simulation was realistic (82.1%). Pre-briefing (100%) and debriefing (85.7%) opportunities were considered important for increasing student’s confidence and learning, and, overall, students enjoyed the simulation (89.3%). Three themes emerged during the qualitative analysis: the significance of an immersive “real” environment, enjoyment as important for engagement and learning, and improved confidence via opportunities for autonomous practice. Immersive simulation is a valuable pedagogical tool for the delivery of research skills teaching. These findings align with previous research which has investigated immersive simulation for teaching clinical skills, but more broadly, also highlight the compounding positive impact of immersive technology when deployed alongside actors and high-fidelity equipment.
Exploring the use of immersive simulation to teach research skills to student paramedics in higher education: A mixed methods approach
Creators: name: Runacres, Jessica
name: Wheatley, Sean
name: Browne, Emily
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Within paramedic education immersive simulation is widely used to teach technical skills, but its application to non-technical aspects of practice, such as research skills, is limited. This study aimed to explore immersive simulation as a tool to teach specific research skills to paramedic students in higher education to investigate its novel capacity beyond the more traditionally considered technical elements of practice. A didactic pre-briefing was delivered to undergraduate paramedic students before they undertook an immersive simulation in which they were expected to assess, extricate, and treat a stroke patient, whilst also assessing whether he was suitable to be enrolled onto a clinical trial, provide information on this, and take consent. A large-scale immersive environment furnished with surround audio-visual display equipment was utilised; the environment also contained an ambulance, a hatchback car, and two actors. After the simulation and debriefing, students completed an online questionnaire comprising open-ended questions and the following scales: Simulation Design Scale (fidelity subscale only), Simulation Effectiveness Tool – Modified, and Satisfaction with Simulation Experience. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a manifest qualitative content analysis. Data were collected from twenty-eight undergraduate paramedic students. Most students believed simulation fidelity was important (89.3%) and most agreed that the simulation was realistic (82.1%). Pre-briefing (100%) and debriefing (85.7%) opportunities were considered important for increasing student’s confidence and learning, and, overall, students enjoyed the simulation (89.3%). Three themes emerged during the qualitative analysis: the significance of an immersive ‘real’ environment, enjoyment as important for engagement and learning, and improved confidence via opportunities for autonomous practice. Immersive simulation is a valuable pedagogical tool for the delivery of research skills teaching. These findings align with previous research which has investigated immersive simulation for teaching clinical skills, but more broadly, also highlight the compounding positive impact of immersive technology when deployed alongside actors and high-fidelity equipment.
Additional file 1 of Influence of night-time light pollution on the photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of the urban plants Euonymus japonicus and Rosa hybrida
Creators: name: Wei, Yaxi
name: Li, Zhen
name: Zhang, Jiaolong
name: Hu, Dan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Wave length distributions irradiated by green (a), white (b), blue (c), and red (d) LEDs. Figure S2. Images of the field experiment at dawn (a) and night (b).
DIETARY MODULATION OF MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELL BIOLOGY IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Creators: name: Calvert, Ryan D
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Nutrition and dietetics not elsewhere classified
Immunology not elsewhere classified
Cellular immunology

description: T-cells are present in the immune system to fight against invaders. Once their job is done, suppressing their activity is an important step in maintaining a proper immune response. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immune cells that suppress T-cell activity. Currently, MDSCs are defined as a heterogeneous population of immature cells that are derived in the bone marrow and travel to the site of inflammation or cancer. Two major subtypes of MDSCs have been identified in mice and humans, monocyte-like MDSCs (M-MDSC) and granulocyte MDSCs (G-MDSC). G-MDSCs typically make up the majority of the total population of MDSCs but are less T-cell suppressive than M-MDSCs. One of the major problems in the study of MDSCs is that the current marker system for subtypes does not differentiate between precursor MDSCs (lacking suppressive ability) and functional MDSCs (those with suppressive ability). Therefore, using cancer models in mice, we investigated the development and potential to classify precursor MDSCs from functional MDSCs. While MDSCs have been highlighted as a target cell to inhibit in cancer, in other conditions, such as pregnancy, MDSCs have been shown to be beneficial in maintaining a normal pregnancy. Therefore, targeting the increase of MDSCs in abnormal pregnancy conditions like pre-eclampsia may act as a prevention or therapeutic strategy. Finally, it is known that many dietary components can act as modulators of immune cells. Specifically, the polyphenol like phytochemical, curcumin has been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory agent with the potential to modulate multiple immune cells. Therefore, we propose two different studies to investigate the potential of curcumin as either an inhibitor and/or promotor of MDSCs in a disease-specific context. Together the role of phytochemicals as immunomodulators of MDSCs is still very young, in part due to the complexity of phytochemicals themselves, but the studies cited here provide evidence that the field is ripe for additional questions to be asked.
Additional file 1 of The relationship between pregnancy and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) through diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) axis II evaluation: a case-control cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Minervini, Giuseppe
name: Marrapodi, Maria Maddalena
name: La Verde, Marco
name: Meto, Aida
name: Siurkel, Yuliia
name: Cicciù, Marco
name: Russo, Diana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1.
DEVICE AND IMAGE ANALYSIS ADVANCEMENTS TOWARDS PHOTOACOUSTIC AND ULTRASOUND TOMOGRAPHY-GUIDED PROSTATE BIOPSY
Creators: name: Bungart, Brittani Lynn
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biomedical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: To confirm the presence of prostate cancer which is the most incident visceral cancer in men, prostate biopsies are acquired using the magnetic resonance imaging fusion-guided prostate biopsy protocol. For this approach annotated magnetic resonance imaging is overlaid onto real-time ultrasound imaging to guide sampling of suspicious regions marked by uroradiologists. Additional biopsy samples are acquired via the previous clinical gold standard, i.e. the templated 12-core transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy protocol. While this approach improves the sensitivity of the prostate biopsy, a real-time, multiparametric imaging method of identifying biopsy targets could help overcome some of the inherent pitfalls of the magnetic resonance imaging fusion-guided prostate biopsy. Since ultrasound is used during the prostate biopsy, photoacoustic tomography, e.g. a hybrid imaging modality in which clinical ultrasound probes can be used to detect centimeters deep chemical alterations, has the potential to provide real-time targeting during biopsy. The translation of photoacoustic tomography to the clinic for prostate biopsy has been prevented by engineering challenges, which include identification of a biomarker for detecting suspicious regions of tissue and light delivery to the prostate for photoacoustic signal generation. Here, we present a vascular texture analysis method that identified 100% of primary and 67% of secondary tumors in the testing data set of ex vivo human prostate specimens. This method can be applied to future in vivo photoacoustic and ultrasound tomography of human prostates after further optimization of light delivery for photoacoustic tomography. To progress towards achieving this aim, we developed a transurethral light delivery device with angular light coupling method. By controlling the launch angle of the light into the fiber, the conversion of forward to side propagating energy can be improved from 27% to 98%, and the longitudinal emission profile can be controlled in order to illuminate the whole prostate simultaneously.
Association of ocular adverse events with varenicline solution use: a population-based study
Creators: name: Lakhani, Moiz
name: Kwan, Angela T.H.
name: Nguyen, Anne Xuan-Lan
name: Popovic, Marko M.
name: McIntyre, Roger S.
name: Wu, Albert Y.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: Approved by the FDA in 2021, varenicline solution is the first nasal spray specifically designed to enhance basal tear film production for treating dry eye disease (DED). However, there is a lack of data comprehensively comparing its safety profile to conventional DED therapies. Herein, we assess whether ocular adverse events (AEs) are disproportionately reported with the real-world use of varenicline solution. This observational, population-based pharmacovigilance study analyzed the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data (inception-April 2024) using reporting odds ratio (ROR), with significance defined as a 95% CI lower bound > 1.0. Nasal saline and systane were the controls. A total of 1,125 AE reports were associated with varenicline solution. No disproportionate reporting of specific ocular AEs was observed when comparing varenicline solution with nasal saline. However, when compared with systane, varenicline solution showed higher odds of lacrimation (ROR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.46–3.26, p < 0.0001), visual impairment (ROR = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.24–4.16, p = 0.0085), and photophobia (ROR = 7.50, 95%CI = 3.68–15.27, p < 0.0001). Although a direct causal relationship for higher RORs cannot be established for varenicline solution compared to systane, our findings provide evidence for potential risk signals and highlight the crucial role of post-marketing pharmacovigilance in monitoring long-term safety.
What's in a Name
Creators: name: Ashton, Susanna Margaret
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: African Americans
subject: History

description: In a hapless attempt to explain how a man living on unemployment who reportedly has no cell phone, computer or clue could have received a clear majority win in the race for the Democratic Party’s U.S. Senate nomination, Democratic state Sen. Robert Ford opined that perhaps a disproportionate number of the black electorate voted for Alvin Greene because they assumed he was black. "No white folks have an 'e’ on the end of Green," he told T he Post and Courier. "T he blacks after they left the plantation couldn’t spell, and they threw an 'e’ on the end." As if to emphasize Ford’s point, many of the images splayed over the media are of Alvin Greene posing in a T -shirt that reads "Greene Family Reunion 1993." Ford’s observation surely arose from an honest befuddlement with a situation that has left most of the political establishment grasping for answers. His many years of experience in the Lowcountry have certainly informed his assumptions about how the name "Greene" might play to the African-American electorate; Greene is, in fact, a common name among African-Americans in South Carolina. But his comments overlook the important but littleknown history of how freed slaves used names to develop their own identity - one of the few things they could control. (T hey also ignore the equally common appearance of the name "Greene" among white S.C. families - not to mention Nathanael Greene, the Revolutionary War hero after whom Greenville was named.) If we look to the rich and nuanced reasons that name changes occurred after the Civil War, we can better understand his analysis of how racial politics may have played into the current mess.
What's in a Name
Creators: name: Ashton, Susanna Margaret
Publisher: name: unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: African Americans
subject: History

description: In a hapless attempt to explain how a man living on unemployment who reportedly has no cell
phone, computer or clue could have received a clear majority win in the race for the Democratic
Party's U.S. Senate nomination, Democratic state Sen. Robert Ford opined that perhaps a
disproportionate number of the black electorate voted for Alvin Greene because they assumed he
was black.
"No white folks have an 'e' on the end of Green," he told T he Post and Courier. "T he blacks after
they left the plantation
couldn't
spell, and they threw an 'e' on the end." As if to emphasize Ford's point, many of the images
splayed over the media are of Alvin Greene posing in a T -shirt that reads "Greene Family Reunion
1993."
Ford's observation surely arose from an honest befuddlement with a situation that has left most
of the political establishment grasping for answers. His many years of experience in the
Lowcountry have certainly informed his assumptions about how the name "Greene" might play to
the African-American electorate; Greene is, in fact, a common name among African-Americans in
South Carolina.
But his comments overlook the important but littleknown history of how freed slaves used names
to develop their own identity - one of the few things they could control. (T hey also ignore the
equally common appearance of the name "Greene" among white S.C. families - not to mention
Nathanael Greene, the Revolutionary War hero after whom Greenville was named.) If we look to
the rich and nuanced reasons that name changes occurred after the Civil War, we can better
understand his analysis of how racial politics may have played into the current mess.
Efficient Path and Parameter Inference for Markov Jump Processes
Creators: name: Zhang, Boqian
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Statistics not elsewhere classified

description: Markov jump processes are continuous-time stochastic processes widely used in a variety of applied disciplines. Inference typically proceeds via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), the state-of-the-art being a uniformization-based auxiliary variable Gibbs sampler. This was designed for situations where the process parameters are known, and Bayesian inference over unknown parameters is typically carried out by incorporating it into a larger Gibbs sampler. This strategy of sampling parameters given path, and path given parameters can result in poor Markov chain mixing.
In this thesis, we focus on the problem of path and parameter inference for Markov jump processes.
In the first part of the thesis, a simple and efficient MCMC algorithm is proposed to address the problem of path and parameter inference for Markov jump processes. Our scheme brings Metropolis-Hastings approaches for discrete-time hidden Markov models to the continuous-time setting, resulting in a complete and clean recipe for parameter and path inference in Markov jump processes. In our experiments, we demonstrate superior performance over Gibbs sampling, a more naive Metropolis-Hastings algorithm we propose, as well as another popular approach, particle Markov chain Monte Carlo. We also show our sampler inherits geometric mixing from an ‘ideal’ sampler that is computationally much more expensive.
In the second part of the thesis, a novel collapsed variational inference algorithm is proposed. Our variational inference algorithm leverages ideas from discrete-time Markov chains, and exploits a connection between Markov jump processes and discrete-time Markov chains through uniformization. Our algorithm proceeds by marginalizing out the parameters of the Markov jump process, and then approximating the distribution over the trajectory with a factored distribution over segments of a piecewise-constant function. Unlike MCMC schemes that marginalize out transition times of a piecewise-constant process, our scheme optimizes the discretization of time, resulting in significant computational savings. We apply our ideas to synthetic data as well as a dataset of check-in recordings, where we demonstrate superior performance over state-of-the-art MCMC methods.