cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: A human-centered safe robot reinforcement learning framework with interactive behaviors
Creators: name: Gu, Shangding
name: Kshirsagar, Alap
name: Du, Yali
name: Chen, Guang
name: Peters, Jan
name: Knoll, Alois
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2024

description: Deployment of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for robotics applications in the real world requires ensuring the safety of the robot and its environment. Safe Robot RL (SRRL) is a crucial step toward achieving human-robot coexistence. In this paper, we envision a human-centered SRRL framework consisting of three stages: safe exploration, safety value alignment, and safe collaboration. We examine the research gaps in these areas and propose to leverage interactive behaviors for SRRL. Interactive behaviors enable bi-directional information transfer between humans and robots, such as conversational robot ChatGPT. We argue that interactive behaviors need further attention from the SRRL community. We discuss four open challenges related to the robustness, efficiency, transparency, and adaptability of SRRL with interactive behaviors.
The use of non-bronchoscopic brushings to study the paediatric airway
Creators: name: Lane, Catherine
name: Burgess, Scott
name: Kicic, Anthony
name: Knight, Darryl
name: Stick, Stephen
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: The use of cytology brushes for the purpose of obtaining respiratory cells from adults for clinical and research purposes is well established. However, the safety and utility of non-bronchoscopic brushings to study the paediatric airway has not been assessed. The purpose of this study was to assess the practicality of using non-bronchoscopic brushing to sample epithelial cells from children for investigation of epithelial function in health and disease using a wide range of molecular and cellular techniques. Methods Non-bronchoscopic brushing was investigated in a non-selected cohort of healthy, and mildly asthmatic children presenting for surgery unrelated to respiratory conditions, at the major children's hospital in Perth. Safety and side-effects of the procedure were assessed. Cell number, phenotype and viability were measured for all samples. The potential of these cells for use in long-term cell culture, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, quantitative PCR and gene arraying was examined. Results Non-bronchoscopic brushing was well tolerated in all children. The only significant side effect following the procedure was cough: nursing staff reported cough in 20% of patients; parents reported cough in 40% of patients. Cells sampled were of sufficient quantity and quality to allow cell culture in 93% of samples. Similarly, protein and RNA extracted from the cells was suitable for investigation of both gene and protein expression using micro-array and real-time PCR. Conclusion Non-bronchoscopic brushing in children is safe and easy to perform, and is not associated with any complications. Using this technique, adequate numbers of epithelial cells can be retrieved to allow cell culture, western blotting, real time PCR, and microarray analysis. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the utility of non-bronchoscopic airway brushing to obtain and study epithelial cells and to encourage others so that we can accelerate our knowledge regarding the role of the epithelium in childhood respiratory disease.
Tree Ensembles for Contextual Bandits
Creators: name: Nilsson, Hannes
name: Johansson, Rikard
name: Åkerblom, Niklas
name: Chehreghani, Morteza Haghir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new framework for contextual multi-armed bandits based on tree ensembles. Our framework adapts two widely used bandit methods, Upper Confidence Bound and Thompson Sampling, for both standard and combinatorial settings. As part of this framework, we propose a novel method of estimating the uncertainty in tree ensemble predictions. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework via several experimental studies, employing XGBoost and random forests, two popular tree ensemble methods. Compared to state-of-the-art methods based on decision trees and neural networks, our methods exhibit superior performance in terms of both regret minimization and computational runtime, when applied to benchmark datasets and the real-world application of navigation over road networks.
description: The first two authors contributed equally to this work
General morphological and biological features of neoplasms: integration of molecular findings
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Cancer

description: This review highlights the importance of morphology-molecular correlations for a proper implementation of new markers. It covers both general aspects of tumorigenesis (which are normally omitted in papers analysing molecular pathways) and the general mechanisms for the acquired capabilities of neoplasms. The mechanisms are also supported by appropriate diagrams for each acquired capability that include overlooked features such as mobilization of cellular resources and changes in chromatin, transcription and epigenetics; fully accepted oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are highlighted, while the pathways are also presented as activating or inactivating with appropriate colour coding. Finally, the concepts and mechanisms presented enable us to understand the basic requirements for the appropriate implementation of molecular tests in clinical practice. In summary, the basic findings are presented to serve as a bridge to clinical applications. The current definition of neoplasm is descriptive and difficult to apply routinely. Biologically, neoplasms develop through acquisition of capabilities that involve tumour cell aspects and modified microenvironment interactions, resulting in unrestricted growth due to a stepwise accumulation of cooperative genetic alterations that affect key molecular pathways. The correlation of these molecular aspects with morphological changes is essential for better understanding of essential concepts as early neoplasms/precancerous lesions, progression/dedifferentiation, and intratumour heterogeneity. The acquired capabilities include self-maintained replication (cell cycle dysregulation), extended cell survival (cell cycle arrest, apoptosis dysregulation, and replicative lifespan), genetic instability (chromosomal and microsatellite), changes of chromatin, transcription and epigenetics, mobilization of cellular resources, and modified microenvironment interactions (tumour cells, stromal cells, extracellular, endothelium). The acquired capabilities defining neoplasms are the hallmarks of cancer, but they also comprise useful tools to improve diagnosis and prognosis, as well as potential therapeutic targets. The application of these concepts in oncological pathology leads to consideration of the molecular test requirements (Molecular Test Score System) for reliable implementation; these requirements should cover biological effects, molecular pathway, biological validation, and technical validation. Sensible application of molecular markers in tumour pathology always needs solid morphological support.
МИЛЛАТНИНГ РАВНАҚИ УЧУН ЎЗ ЖОНИНИ ФИДО ҚИЛГАН ЖАДИДЛАР. ( ҲОЖИ МУИН МИСОЛИДА)
Creators: name: Абдуллаева, Ў. И.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ушбу мақолада жадид маърифатпарвари  Ҳожи Mуиннинг педагогик фикрлар тараққиётига қўшган ҳиссаси, педагогик қарашлари, қолдирган меъроси ва  ижтимоий тарбияга оид қарашлари  ҳақида сўз боради. “Усули жадид” мактабларининг вужудга келиши билан анъанавий ўқитиш усулларини тубдан ислоҳ қилиш, таълим олиб боришнинг янги усулларини ишлаб чиқиш, дарслик ва қўлланмалар яратиш жадид педагогикасининг долзарб масалалари ҳақида батафсил сўз юритилади.
Excavations of pre-Conquest structures at North Elmham, 1970: interim note
Creators: name: Wade-Martins, Peter
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2020

description: Norfolk Archaeology, 35 (2), 262-268
description: [TF 9872/4]. Ninety thousand square feet have now been examined. The structures dating to AD 650-850 show a controlled arrangement which suggests a cathedral community. For the period 850-1000, a group of large halls round a courtyard suggests a bishop's palace, abandoned after 1000 in favour of a new site, perhaps to N of the (new) stone cathedral. Growth of the local population is reflected in the cemetery of 200 graves. For the period 1050-1125, Building A is now known to precede Building T, and a lime-kiln has been examined. A summary of the animal bone evidence shows a Middle Saxon economy based on wool-production with a high standard of animal husbandry.
Reduced E-cadherin expression correlates with disease progression in Paget
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: P E Ellis
name: M Fear
name: J C Crow
name: L Ghali
name: D P Kelsell
name: A B MacLean
name: C W Perrett
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Molecular Biology
Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer

description: The growth and metastasis of many cancers is due in part to loss of cell-cell adhesion. E-cadherin, plakoglobin and beta-catenin are important in cell adhesion. Our aim was to examine the presence of these molecules in Paget's disease of the vulva and Paget's disease of the breast, and to correlate any differences in their expression with the presence of invasive disease or an underlying carcinoma. Sixty-three archival cases of Paget's disease of the vulva, including eight associated with invasive disease, and 23 archival cases of Paget's disease of breast, which included 10 cases with ductal carcinoma in situ alone, four cases with both ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma, and five cases with underlying invasive carcinoma alone, were analysed immunohistochemically for expression of E-cadherin, plakoglobin and beta-catenin proteins. The respective mRNAs were also detected by in situ hybridisation using digoxigenin-labelled cRNA probes. Seventy-six percent (41/54) of Paget's disease of vulva cases had >50% of Paget cells expressing the E-cadherin protein, compared with 28 % (2/7) of Paget's disease vulva with invasive disease. This result was significant, with a P-value of 0.039. Twenty-five percent (14/55) of the intraepidermal Paget's disease of the vulva cases had >50% of Paget cells expressing the plakoglobin protein, compared with 12% (1/8) of cases of Paget's disease of vulva with invasive disease, and for beta-catenin, 9% (5/55) of the non-invasive Paget's disease of the vulva had >50% of Paget cells expressing beta-catenin, compared with 12% (1/8) of Paget's disease of the vulva cases with invasive disease. Sixty-five percent (15/23) of the Paget's disease of the breast had >50% of Paget cells expressing E-cadherin, and for plakoglobin and beta-catenin it was 17% (4/23) and 28% (6/21), respectively. The results were not significant. The results suggest that reduced expression of E-cadherin may have a role to play in the pathogenesis of invasive Paget's disease of the vulva. Abnormal plakoglobin expression may be involved in the formation of some cases of Paget's of the vulva and the breast.
Clutter Classification Using Deep Learning in Multiple Stages
Creators: name: Dempsey, Ryan
name: Ethier, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Path loss prediction for wireless communications is highly dependent on the local environment. Propagation models including clutter information have been shown to significantly increase model accuracy. This paper explores the application of deep learning to satellite imagery to identify environmental clutter types automatically. Recognizing these clutter types has numerous uses, but our main application is to use clutter information to enhance propagation prediction models. Knowing the type of obstruction (tree, building, and further classifications) can improve the prediction accuracy of key propagation metrics such as path loss.
description: SoutheastCon 2024
Influence of hormonal alterations causing shade avoidance syndrome in the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions.
Creators: name: Bogino, María Florencia
name: Lapegna Senz, Juan Marcos
name: Kourdova, Lucille Tihomirova
name: Wirthmueller, Lennart
name: Fabro, Georgina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) is an oomycete pathogen that causes Arabidopsis downy mildew. This obligate biotroph secretes multiple effector proteins to manipulate plant homeostasis, promoting infection through the interference with diverse metabolic and signaling pathways.We demonstrated that an effector protein from Hpa, named HaRxL106, directly interacts in the plant cell nucleus with the transcription factor BIM1 and the repressor protein Aux/IAA11, which participate in Brassinosteroid (BR) and Auxin signaling pathways, respectively. BIM1, but no IAA11, is required for HaRxL106 to increase the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to oomycete and also to bacterial pathogens. Moreover, we found that, even when grown in normal light conditions, plants expressing HaRxL106 display a Shade Avoidance-like Syndrome (SAS-like) that depends on the presence of BIM1. Furthermore, HaRxL106 increases the expression of a subset of BR and Auxin-related genes in a BIM1-dependient manner, a phenomenon that is likely responsible for the observed altered developmental pattern. Thus, we propose that BIM1 is a host susceptibility factor, manipulated by the effector protein HaRxL106 to alter the BR/Auxin signaling pathways triggering SAS, which negatively impacts on plant defense responses.

In this poster, continuing the oral presentation given in Young Researchers Symposium on Plant Photobiology 2024, we present mostly the results of our studies on HaRxL106-IAA11 interaction.
Satellog: A database for the identification and prioritization of satellite repeats in disease association studies
Creators: name: Missirlis, Perseus I.
name: Mead, Carri-Lyn R.
name: Butland, Stefanie L.
name: Ouellette, B. F. F.
name: Devon, Rebecca S.
name: Leavitt, Blair R.
name: Holt, Robert A.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background. To date, 35 human diseases, some of which also exhibit anticipation, have been associated with unstable repeats. Anticipation has been reported in a number of diseases in which repeat expansion may have a role in etiology. Despite the growing importance of unstable repeats in disease, currently no resource exists for the prioritization of repeats. Here we present Satellog, a database that catalogs all pure 1–16 repeat unit satellite repeats in the human genome along with supplementary data. Satellog analyzes each pure repeat in UniGene clusters for evidence of repeat polymorphism. Results A total of 5,546 such repeats were identified, providing the first indication of many novel polymorphic sites in the genome. Overall, polymorphic repeats were over-represented within 3'-UTR sequence relative to 5'-UTR and coding sequence. Interestingly, we observed that repeat polymorphism within coding sequence is restricted to trinucleotide repeats whereas UTR sequence tolerated a wider range of repeat period polymorphisms. For each pure repeat we also calculate its repeat length percentile rank, its location either within or adjacent to EnsEMBL genes, and its expression profile in normal tissues according to the GeneNote database. Conclusion Satellog provides the ability to dynamically prioritize repeats based on any of their characteristics (i.e. repeat unit, class, period, length, repeat length percentile rank, genomic co-ordinates), polymorphism profile within UniGene, proximity to or presence within gene regions (i.e. cds, UTR, 15 kb upstream etc.), metadata of the genes they are detected within and gene expression profiles within normal human tissues. Unstable repeats associated with 31 diseases were analyzed in Satellog to evaluate their common repeat properties. The utility of Satellog was highlighted by prioritizing repeats for Huntington's disease and schizophrenia. Satellog is available online at http://satellog.bcgsc.ca.
ARLIS/NA Oral History with Luraine Tansey
Creators: name: Tansey, Luraine
name: Morgan, Stephanie
name: Beaudoin, Joan
name: Gentry, Jake
Publisher: name: Art Libraries Society of North America
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Art--Slides
subject: Oral history
subject: Visual Resources Association
subject: Art Libraries Society of North America
subject: Art libraries

description: Luraine Tansey discusses her development of a slide curators association in California in 1967. In the context of her life experiences and various research projects she worked on. She details her experiences as a photographer, a PhD student at the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University, an assistant curator of American Art at the Brooklyn Museum. All these experiences helped her provide leadership and expertise for slide librarianship, advocating for the profession through increased wages, better working conditions, and professionalizing the work done. She also discusses the formation of the Visual Resources Association and the establishment of ARLIS/NA.
Exact Solution Procedure for the Log-Linear Continuous Knapsack Problem
Creators: name: Lahiri, Somdeb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C30, 90C05, 90C46

description: We provide an exact algorithm to solve the log-linear continuous (fractional) knapsack problem. The algorithm is based on two lemmas that follow from the application of weak duality theorem and complementary slackness theorem to the linear optimization problem with linear objective function that is associated with any solution of a linear optimization problem with (differentiable) concave objective function.
Sinologie und Banken. 4. Informationstage zur sinologischen Berufsorientierung, Universität Hamburg
Creators: name: Bartsch, Bernhard
name: Krause, Carsten
Publisher: name: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia
Year: 2021

description: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, Nr. 70 (1999): ASIEN (Januar)
Polarization-sensitive mechanically-tunable microwave filter using metallic photonic crystals
Creators: name: Zarei, Sanaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A tunable, polarization sensitive microwave filter based on a reconfigurable dual-layered two-dimensional metallic photonic crystal is presented. The filter consists of a metallic plate with periodic holes and metal pillars which are anchored in a substrate material. The diameter of the pillars is smaller than that of the holes and the lateral position of the pillars with respect to the holes is tunable. We study the transmission of the device for linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation, which is polarized parallel and perpendicular to the displacement of the movable membrane, respectively. The tuning range spans from 20.18 GHz to 26.58 GHz for perpendicular polarization and from 20.18 GHz to 18.42 GHz for parallel polarization. The 3 dB operation bandwidth varies between 3.82 GHz and 6.44 GHz for perpendicular polarization and between 3.42 GHz and 3.82 GHz for parallel polarization. Experimental data are in good agreement with finite element method (FEM) simulations.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Analysis of Bootstrap and Subsampling in High-dimensional Regularized Regression
Creators: name: Clarté, Lucas
name: Vandenbroucque, Adrien
name: Dalle, Guillaume
name: Loureiro, Bruno
name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate popular resampling methods for estimating the uncertainty of statistical models, such as subsampling, bootstrap and the jackknife, and their performance in high-dimensional supervised regression tasks. We provide a tight asymptotic description of the biases and variances estimated by these methods in the context of generalized linear models, such as ridge and logistic regression, taking the limit where the number of samples $n$ and dimension $d$ of the covariates grow at a comparable fixed rate $α\!=\! n/d$. Our findings are three-fold: i) resampling methods are fraught with problems in high dimensions and exhibit the double-descent-like behavior typical of these situations; ii) only when $α$ is large enough do they provide consistent and reliable error estimations (we give convergence rates); iii) in the over-parametrized regime $α\!<\!1$ relevant to modern machine learning practice, their predictions are not consistent, even with optimal regularization.
Learning Rule-Induced Subgraph Representations for Inductive Relation Prediction
Creators: name: Liu, Tianyu
name: Lv, Qitan
name: Wang, Jie
name: Yang, Shuling
name: Chen, Hanzhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inductive relation prediction (IRP) -- where entities can be different during training and inference -- has shown great power for completing evolving knowledge graphs. Existing works mainly focus on using graph neural networks (GNNs) to learn the representation of the subgraph induced from the target link, which can be seen as an implicit rule-mining process to measure the plausibility of the target link. However, these methods cannot differentiate the target link and other links during message passing, hence the final subgraph representation will contain irrelevant rule information to the target link, which reduces the reasoning performance and severely hinders the applications for real-world scenarios. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel \textit{single-source edge-wise} GNN model to learn the \textbf{R}ule-induc\textbf{E}d \textbf{S}ubgraph represen\textbf{T}ations (\textbf{REST}), which encodes relevant rules and eliminates irrelevant rules within the subgraph. Specifically, we propose a \textit{single-source} initialization approach to initialize edge features only for the target link, which guarantees the relevance of mined rules and target link. Then we propose several RNN-based functions for \textit{edge-wise} message passing to model the sequential property of mined rules. REST is a simple and effective approach with theoretical support to learn the \textit{rule-induced subgraph representation}. Moreover, REST does not need node labeling, which significantly accelerates the subgraph preprocessing time by up to \textbf{11.66$\times$}. Experiments on inductive relation prediction benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our REST. Our code is available at https://github.com/smart-lty/REST.
Dermoscopy of trichostasis spinulosa
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: L Pozo-Garcia
name: C M Perrett
name: R Bull
name: J Bowling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medicine

description: TRICHOSTASIS SPINULOSA (TS) is a relatively common but underdiagnosed disorder of hair follicles that retain successive telogen hairs. It has been described within skin lesions (secondary TS) or as an isolated finding (primary TS). Dermoscopy may help identify the characteristic hair tuft. We report 2 cases of TS. The first case involved a 23-year-old woman who presented with a long-standing history of a light-brown papule on the lower part of her back. There was a black punctum in the upper central area of the lesion (Figure 1). Dermoscopy showed a sparse pigment network, multiple commalike blood vessels that are typical of intradermal melanocytic nevi, a few peripheral vellous hairs, and a small hair tuft emerging from the central punctum (Figure 2). Histologic examination confirmed the presence of an intradermal melanocytic nevus along with dilated folliculosebaceous bunits containing several cross-sectioned hair shafts (Figure 3). The second case involved a 30-yearold man who presented with a micropapular eruption on both flanks. Dermoscopy showed multiple vellous hairs erupting through the follicles (Figure 4). Hair tufts are the result of folliculosebaceous hamartomas with multiple units around a central pore (trichofolliculomas) or retained hair shafts within follicles with infundibular keratosis (TS). Trichostasis spinulosa may appear as an isolated finding or in association with expansile nondestructive lesions that narrow hair infundibulae, such as melanocytic nevi, seborrheic keratoses, syringomas, or nodular basal cell carcinomas. Dermoscopy is helpful in diagnosing TS.
Three Groups of Romano-British Coarse ware from Caister-on-Sea
Creators: name: Higgins, D C
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2020

description: Norfolk Archaeology, 35 (3), 279-301
description: TG 518125. Examination of a large deposit, mainly rubbish with a little structural evidence, produced three distinct pottery groups: (1) soon after AD 200, mostly local wares; (2) centred on AD 285; (3) five fabrics not later than AD 390, including dark colour-coated, calcite-gritted, imitation samian, orange and "self-coloured" wares. The inclusion in this third group of 60% of non-local wares appears to reflect the post-367 centralisation of the pottery industry, with specialisation in type of vessel to fabric.
Self-adhesivity in lattices of abstract conditional independence models
Creators: name: Boege, Tobias
name: Bolt, Janneke H.
name: Studený, Milan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62B10 (primary) 06A15, 68T27, 68V05, 05B35 (secondary)

description: We introduce an algebraic concept of the frame for abstract conditional independence (CI) models, together with basic operations with respect to which such a frame should be closed: copying and marginalization. Three standard examples of such frames are (discrete) probabilistic CI structures, semi-graphoids and structural semi-graphoids. We concentrate on those frames which are closed under the operation of set-theoretical intersection because, for these, the respective families of CI models are lattices. This allows one to apply the results from lattice theory and formal concept analysis to describe such families in terms of implications among CI statements.
 The central concept of this paper is that of self-adhesivity defined in algebraic terms, which is a combinatorial reflection of the self-adhesivity concept studied earlier in context of polymatroids and information theory. The generalization also leads to a self-adhesivity operator defined on the hyper-level of CI frames. We answer some of the questions related to this approach and raise other open questions.
 The core of the paper is in computations. The combinatorial approach to computation might overcome some memory and space limitation of software packages based on polyhedral geometry, in particular, if SAT solvers are utilized. We characterize some basic CI families over 4 variables in terms of canonical implications among CI statements. We apply our method in information-theoretical context to the task of entropic region demarcation over 5 variables.
description: 39 pages, 4 figures; minor revision, final version
Exposure-effect relationships between aircraft noise and road traffic noise exposure at school and reading comprehension: the RANCH Study
Creators: name: Clark, Charlotte
name: Martin, Rocio
name: Van Kempen, Elise
name: Alfred, Tamuno
name: Davies, Hugh, 1957-
name: Head, Jenny
name: Haines, Mary M.
name: Barrio Lopez, Isabel
name: Matheson, Mark
name: Stansfeld, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2008

description: Transport noise is an increasingly prominent feature of the urban environment, making noise pollution an important environmental public health issue. This paper reports on the 2001–2003 RANCH project, the first cross-national epidemiologic study known to examine exposure-effect relations between aircraft and road traffic noise exposure and reading comprehension. Participants were 2,010 children aged 9–10 years from 89 schools around Amsterdam Schiphol, Madrid Barajas, and London Heathrow airports. Data from the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom were pooled and analyzed using multilevel modeling. Aircraft noise exposure at school was linearly associated with impaired reading comprehension; the association was maintained after adjustment for socioeconomic variables (ß = –0.008, p = 0.012), aircraft noise annoyance, and other cognitive abilities (episodic memory, working memory, and sustained attention). Aircraft noise exposure at home was highly correlated with aircraft noise exposure at school and demonstrated a similar linear association with impaired reading comprehension. Road traffic noise exposure at school was not associated with reading comprehension in either the absence or the presence of aircraft noise (ß = 0.003, p = 0.509; ß = 0.002, p = 0.540, respectively). Findings were consistent across the three countries, which varied with respect to a range of socioeconomic and environmental variables, thus offering robust evidence of a direct exposure-effect relation between aircraft noise and reading comprehension.
MACRec: a Multi-Agent Collaboration Framework for Recommendation
Creators: name: Wang, Zhefan
name: Yu, Yuanqing
name: Zheng, Wendi
name: Ma, Weizhi
name: Zhang, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: LLM-based agents have gained considerable attention for their decision-making skills and ability to handle complex tasks. Recognizing the current gap in leveraging agent capabilities for multi-agent collaboration in recommendation systems, we introduce MACRec, a novel framework designed to enhance recommendation systems through multi-agent collaboration. Unlike existing work on using agents for user/item simulation, we aim to deploy multi-agents to tackle recommendation tasks directly. In our framework, recommendation tasks are addressed through the collaborative efforts of various specialized agents, including Manager, User/Item Analyst, Reflector, Searcher, and Task Interpreter, with different working flows. Furthermore, we provide application examples of how developers can easily use MACRec on various recommendation tasks, including rating prediction, sequential recommendation, conversational recommendation, and explanation generation of recommendation results. The framework and demonstration video are publicly available at https://github.com/wzf2000/MACRec.
description: Accepted by SIGIR2024
The Oasis Project: UHI mitigation strategies applied to Parisian schoolyards
Creators: name: Karam, Ghid
name: Hendel, Martin
name: Cécilia, Bobée
name: Alexandre, Berthe
name: Patricia, Bordin
name: Laurent, Royon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Paris is experimenting and implementing strategies to increase the capital's resilience and promote climate change adaptation. Major heatwaves have been hitting the French Capital lately (Bador et al., 2017) and have thus focused attention on UHI countermeasures, such as pavement-watering solutions and urban greening. The Oasis Project is one such strategy aiming to transform schoolyards into urban cool islands that would benefit surrounding neighborhoods and their inhabitants during heatwaves.The work presented here focuses on identifying high-priority schoolyards among the 670 city-owned schools. This is conducted using a GIS tool used to identify areas with high cooling potential, which would benefit most from UHI countermeasures. After extracting bare schoolyard from the facilities, we built a cooling indicator based on the ratio of high solar irradiance surface to the whole schoolyard area. We were thus able to identify 38 schoolyards with high cooling potential, 157 with medium cooling potential and 286 facilities with moderate cooling potential, out of the 670 facilities.The methodology can be applied to other cities, and therefore helps set up GIS tools that can provide municipalities with meaningful insight into their urban cooling strategy.
Infrared finite scattering theory: Amplitudes and soft theorems
Creators: name: Prabhu, Kartik
name: Satishchandran, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Any non-trivial scattering with massless fields in four spacetime dimensions will generically produce an out-state with memory. Scattering with any massless fields violates the standard assumption of asymptotic completeness -- that all "in" and "out" states lie in the standard (zero memory) Fock space -- and therefore leads to infrared (IR) divergences in the standard $S$-matrix amplitudes. In this paper we define an infrared finite scattering theory which assumes only (1) the existence of in/out algebras and (2) that Heisenberg evolution is an automorphism of these algebras. The resulting "superscattering" map $\$$ allows for transitions between different in/out memory states and agrees with the standard $S$-matrix when it is defined. We construct $\$$-amplitudes by defining (3) a "generalized asymptotic completeness" which accommodates states with memory in the space of asymptotic states and (4) a complete basis of improper states which generalize the usual $n$-particle momentum basis to account for states with memory. Using only general properties of $\$$, we prove an analog of the Weinberg soft theorems in quantum gravity and QED which imply that all $\$$-amplitudes are well-defined in the infrared. We comment on how one must generalize this framework to consider $\$$-amplitudes for theories with collinear divergences (e.g., massless QED and Yang-Mills theories).
description: v3: Minor typos corrected, references updated. v2: revised abstract and comments in main text to clarify assumptions and IR finiteness of scattering theory, references added. v1: 40 pages + appendices
RIVOJLANAYOTGAN O'ZBEKISTONDA GENDER VA OILA
Creators: name: XUDOYNAZAROV, SHERZOD
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolamiz ayolning qadri, oila va jamiyatdagi mavqeyining naqadar cheksiz ekanliligini ko‘rsatib berishga qaratilgan. Hurmatli maqolamizdan bahramand bo‘lib turgan qadrdonim agar sizning oilangaiz, mahallangiz, yor birodorlaringizda ayollarga nisbatan qilinayaotgan ruhiy, jismoniy zo‘ravonliklar amalga oshirilayotganligini ko‘rib yechim topishda qiyinchiliklarga duchor bo‘lgn bo‘lsangiz ajabmas, ushbu maqolamiz orqali ayollarga e’tibor va tavsiyalarimizdan foydalanasiz degan umiddaman.
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and graft-versus-host disease developing sequentially in a patient
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: D Creamer
name: A Du Vivier
name: K Watson
name: J Natkunarajah
name: G Mufti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Toxicology
subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: We describe a case of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) developing sequentially in a patient displaying reactivation of CMV. We discuss the possibility that similar pathogenic mechanisms may be involved in the development of DRESS and GvHD.
Mathematical modelling to centre low tidal volumes following acute lung injury: A study with biologically variable ventilation
Creators: name: Graham, M. R.
name: Haberman, Craig J.
name: Brewster, John F.
name: Girling, Linda G.
name: McManus, Bruce M.
name: Mutch, W. A. C.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background. With biologically variable ventilation [BVV – using a computer-controller to add breath-to-breath variability to respiratory frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT)] gas exchange and respiratory mechanics were compared using the ARDSNet low VT algorithm (Control) versus an approach using mathematical modelling to individually optimise VT at the point of maximal compliance change on the convex portion of the inspiratory pressure-volume (P-V) curve (Experimental). Methods Pigs (n = 22) received pentothal/midazolam anaesthesia, oleic acid lung injury, then inspiratory P-V curve fitting to the four-parameter logistic Venegas equation F(P) = a + b[1 + e -(P-c)/d ]-1 where: a = volume at lower asymptote, b = the vital capacity or the total change in volume between the lower and upper asymptotes, c = pressure at the inflection point and d = index related to linear compliance. Both groups received BVV with gas exchange and respiratory mechanics measured hourly for 5 hrs. Postmortem bronchoalveolar fluid was analysed for interleukin-8 (IL-8). Results All P-V curves fit the Venegas equation (R2 > 0.995). Control VT averaged 7.4 ± 0.4 mL/kg as compared to Experimental 9.5 ± 1.6 mL/kg (range 6.6 – 10.8 mL/kg; p < 0.05). Variable VTs were within the convex portion of the P-V curve. In such circumstances, Jensen's inequality states "if F(P) is a convex function defined on an interval (r, s), and if P is a random variable taking values in (r, s), then the average or expected value (E) of F(P); E(F(P)) > F(E(P))." In both groups the inequality applied, since F(P) defines volume in the Venegas equation and (P) pressure and the range of VTs varied within the convex interval for individual P-V curves. Over 5 hrs, there were no significant differences between groups in minute ventilation, airway pressure, blood gases, haemodynamics, respiratory compliance or IL-8 concentrations. Conclusion No difference between groups is a consequence of BVV occurring on the convex interval for individualised Venegas P-V curves in all experiments irrespective of group. Jensen's inequality provides theoretical proof of why a variable ventilatory approach is advantageous under these circumstances. When using BVV, with VT centred by Venegas P-V curve analysis at the point of maximal compliance change, some leeway in low VT settings beyond ARDSNet protocols may be possible in acute lung injury. This study also shows that in this model, the standard ARDSNet algorithm assures ventilation occurs on the convex portion of the P-V curve.
Coexistent intraurothelial carcinoma and muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: clonality and somatic down-regulation of DNA mismatch repair
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: Blanes, Alfredo
name: J Rubio
name: J J Sanchez-Carrillo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Molecular Biology
Medicine
Cancer

description: Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas are heterogeneous neoplasms for which the clonal relationship with low-grade urothelial dysplasia and carcinomas in situ remains unknown, and both monoclonal and field change models have been proposed. Low-grade dysplasia (18) and carcinoma in situ (12) associated with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma were microdissected and topographically analyzed (intraepithelial and invasive superficial and deep to muscularis mucosa) for methylation pattern of androgen receptor alleles, TP53, RB1, WT1, and NF1 microsatellite analysis to assess clonal identity; MLH1 and MSH2 sequencing/immunostaining. Appropriate controls were run. Carcinoma in situ (100%) and invasive urothelial carcinoma (100%) revealed monoclonal patterns, whereas low-grade dysplasia was preferentially polyclonal (80%). Carcinoma in situ showed aneuploid DNA content and more abnormal microsatellites than the corresponding invasive compartments, opposite to low-grade dysplasia. Absent MLH1 protein expression with no gene mutations were identified in carcinoma in situ and nodular-trabecular urothelial carcinoma with high microsatellite abnormalities. Somatic mismatch repair protein down-regulation and the accumulation of tumor suppressor gene microsatellite abnormalities contribute to a molecular evolution for monoclonal carcinoma in situ divergent from coexistent muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Low-grade dysplasia is however unlikely connected with this molecular progression.
Jamming is a first-order transition with quenched disorder in amorphous materials sheared by cyclic quasistatic deformations
Creators: name: Deng, Yue
name: Pan, Deng
name: Jin, Yuliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jamming is an athermal transition between flowing and rigid states in amorphous systems such as granular matter, colloidal suspensions, complex fluids and cells. The jamming transition seems to display mixed aspects of a first-order transition, evidenced by a discontinuity in the coordination number, and a second-order transition, indicated by power-law scalings and diverging lengths. Here we demonstrate that jamming is a first-order transition with quenched disorder in cyclically sheared systems with quasistatic deformations, in two and three dimensions. Based on scaling analyses, we show that fluctuations of the jamming density in finite-sized systems have important consequences on the finite-size effects of various quantities, resulting in a square relationship between disconnected and connected susceptibilities, a key signature of the first-order transition with quenched disorder. This study puts the jamming transition into the category of a broad class of transitions in disordered systems where sample-to-sample fluctuations dominate over thermal fluctuations, suggesting that the nature and behavior of the jamming transition might be better understood within the developed theoretical framework of the athermally driven random-field Ising model.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Economic Crisis, Employment and Social Protection
Creators: name: Scholz, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Asien
Year: 2021

description: The financial crisis revealed that the Southeast Asian development model had a serious design fault in not bolstering it by social protection. Labour flexibility is no substitute for this omission as proven by growing unemployment rates in the region. Introducing social protection as an integrated part of market economies has gained new attention. It is realised that through the lack of well functioning social protection systems the crisis countries have unnecessary problems to cope with the growing social tensions. Three countries are being confronted with dramatically increasing unemployment rates; in income terms they are thrown back in time by about five to ten years. Now that the Southeast Asian experiment has proven its faults it is time to prepare seriously for the uncertainties of the future. In doing so governments can take advantage from European experience. The broad variety and long-standing experience of European social protection systems could be a valuable source of information for all those looking for solutions in Southeast Asia. Despite much criticism, Europe has managed its recurring economic problems quite successfully - in which the wide social protection system has probably played a more prominent role than usually acknowledged.
description: Asien, Nr. 70 (1999): ASIEN (Januar)
Multidimensional spectroscopy of nuclear spin clusters in diamond
Creators: name: Herb, Konstantin
name: Segawa, Takuya F.
name: Völker, Laura A.
name: Abendroth, John M.
name: Janitz, Erika
name: Zhu, Tianqi
name: Degen, Christian L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optically active spin defects in solids offer promising platforms to investigate nuclear spin clusters with high sensitivity and atomic-site resolution. To leverage near-surface defects for molecular structure analysis in chemical and biological contexts using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), further advances in spectroscopic characterization of nuclear environments are essential. Here, we report Fourier spectroscopy techniques to improve localization and mapping of the testbed $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ nuclear spin environment of individual, shallow nitrogen-vacancy centers at room temperature. We use multidimensional spectroscopy, well-known from classical NMR, in combination with weak measurements of single-nuclear-spin precession. We demonstrate two examples of multidimensional NMR: (i) improved nuclear spin localization by separate encoding of the two hyperfine components along spectral dimensions and (ii) spectral editing of nuclear-spin pairs, including measurement of internuclear coupling constants. Our work adds important tools for the spectroscopic analysis of molecular structures by single-spin probes.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Motesanib diphosphate in progressive differentiated thyroid cancer
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Molecular Biology
Medicine
Cancer

description: Sherman et al. (July 3 issue)1 highlight the importance of selecting patients for alternative therapies, such as motesanib diphosphate, in the treatment of progressive differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Although radiographic indings are useful criteria for predicting a response to motesanib, they can be supplemented by the microscopical findings — in particular, growth pattern, necrosis, and desmoplastic reaction — which have been correlated with progression prediction.2 The genotypic alterations described in follicular-cell neoplasms control the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway and proliferation. Was any correlation found with proliferation markers? Which radiographic criteria were used to define progression in metastatic neoplasms? As for tumor progression, it normally refers to the acquisition of invasive capabilities in intraepithelial lesions or metastatic potential in invasive cancers.3
Crisis in Asia: A Crisis of Globalisation?
Creators: name: Dieter, Heribert
Publisher: name: Asien
Year: 2021

description: Die Asienkrise hat zu einer neuen Diskussion uber die Konsequenzen der Globalisierung gefuhrt. Die heutigen Krisenlander galten jahrelang als die Musterknaben der Weltwirtschaft. Hohe wirtschaftliche Dynamik war gepaart mit einer Strategie der Offnung zum Weltmarkt. Die Asienkrise hat diese Lander nun in erschreckender Weise zurilckgeworfen: Internationale Finanzmarkte, aber auch das Krisenmanagement des IWF erwiesen sich als pro-zyklisch und haben die einmal ausgebrochene Krise weiter verscharft. Eine regionale Antwort auf die Krise blieb ebenso aus. Die Asienkrise zwingt zum Nachdenken uber Reformen der heutigen Weltwirtschaftsordnung. Zugleich sind aber die Chancen fur die Realisierung eines neuen Weltwirtschaftssystems eher ungiinstig, da vor allem in den USA keine entschlossene Unterstiltzung fur ein solches Projekt zu erkennen ist.
description: Asien, Nr. 70 (1999): ASIEN (Januar)