cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protection of Biodiversity in the Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Pesticides (Plant Protection Products & Biocides) with a Focus on Arthropods, Soil Organisms, and Amphibians
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biologische Vielfalt
subject: biodiversity
subject: pesticides
subject: amphibian
subject: arthropods
subject: Chemikalien
subject: Chemicals

description: This report deals with the effects of pesticides on biodiversity in agricultural and especially arable landscapes. The term "pesticideŁ describes plant protection products and biocides. The former are used in the agricultural production process to protect crop plants (or their plant products) against harmful organisms like insects, fungi, or other plants. The term ´biocides is used for substances to control organisms that are harmful to humans, their activities or the products they use or produce, or for animals or for the environment in the non-agricultural sector.
Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/
description: This report deals with the effects of pesticides on biodiversity in agricultural and especially arable landscapes. The term “pesticide” describes plant protection products and biocides. The former are used in the agricultural production process to protect crop plants (or their plant products) against harmful organisms like insects, fungi, or other plants. The term ‘biocides’ is used for substances to control organisms that are harmful to humans, their activities or the products they use or produce, or for animals or for the environment in the non-agricultural sector.
Theory of phonon instabilities in Weyl semimetals at high magnetic fields
Creators: name: Kundu, Sarbajaya
name: Bourbonnais, Claude
name: Garate, Ion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of three-dimensional (3D) semimetals under strong magnetic fields is a topic of recurring interest in condensed matter physics. Recently, the advent of Weyl and Dirac semimetals has brought about an interesting platform for potentially uncovering phases of matter that combine nontrivial band topology and interactions. While electronic instabilities of such semimetals at strong magnetic fields have been explored theoretically and experimentally, the role of electron-phonon interactions therein has been largely neglected. In this paper, we study the interplay of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions in a minimal two-node model of Weyl semimetal. Using a Kadanoff-Wilson renormalization group approach, we analyze lattice (Peierls) instabilities emerging from chiral and nonchiral Landau levels as a function of the magnetic field. We consider both the adiabatic and the nonadiabatic phonon regimes, in the presence or in the absence of improper symmetries that relate Weyl nodes of opposite chirality. We find that (i) the Cooper channel, often neglected in recent studies, can prevent purely electronic instabilities while enabling lattice instabilities that are not Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-like; (ii) breaking the improper symmetry that relates the two Weyl nodes suppresses the Cooper channel, thereby increasing the critical temperature for the lattice instability; (iii) in the adiabatic phonon regime, lattice instabilities can preempt purely electronic instabilities; (iv) pseudoscalar phonons are more prone to undergo a Peierls instability than scalar phonons. In short, our study emphasizes the importance of taking electron-phonon interactions into account for a complete understanding of interacting phases of matter in Dirac and Weyl semimetals at high magnetic fields.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures; journal version
Millimetre Wave Absorption by the Cornea
Creators: name: Foroughimehr, Negin
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This dissertation introduces a computational phantom employing the Finite-Difference Time-Domain technique to investigate the interaction of non-ionizing radiation, specifically millimetre waves and terahertz frequency electromagnetic radiation, with the human cornea. It integrates experimental findings from the Australian Synchrotron. The goal was to contribute to radiation safety standards amid the rapid evolution of 5G technology and the potential advent of 6G and beyond. The model replicates the human eyeball realistically and explores various exposure scenarios, including the impact of eyelashes on electric field distribution when exposed to radiation sources ranging from 20-100 Gigahertz while considering pathological conditions such as dry eyes.
The COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Maternal Mental Health Differently Depending on Pregnancy Status and Trimester of Gestation
Creators: name: Bérard, Anick
name: Gorgui, Jessica
name: Tchuente, Vanina
name: Lacasse, Anaïs
name: Gomez, Yessica-Haydee
name: Côté, Sylvana
name: King, Suzanne
name: Muanda, Flory
name: Mufike, Yves
name: Boucoiran, Isabelle
name: Nuyt, Anne Monique
name: Quach, Caroline
name: Ferreira, Ema
name: Kaul, Padma
name: Winquist, Brandace
name: O’Donnell, Kieran J.
name: Eltonsy, Sherif
name: Chateau, Dan
name: Zhao, Jin-Ping
name: Hanley, Gillian E.
name: Oberlander, Tim F.
name: Kassai, Behrouz
name: Mainbourg, Sabine
name: Bernatsky, Sasha, 1967-
name: Vinet, Évelyne
name: Brodeur-Doucet, Annie
name: Demers, Jackie
name: Richebé, Philippe
name: Zaphiratos, Valerie
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: We aimed to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health, stratifying on pregnancy status, trimester of gestation, and pandemic period/wave. Methods: Pregnant persons and persons who delivered in Canada during the pandemic, >18 years, were recruited, and data were collected using a web-based strategy. The current analysis includes data on persons enrolled between 06/2020–08/2021. Maternal sociodemographic indicators, mental health measures (Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7), stress) were self-reported. Maternal mental health in pregnant women (stratified by trimester, and pandemic period/wave at recruitment) was compared with the mental health of women who had delivered; determinants of severe depression were identified with multivariate logistic regression models. Results: 2574 persons were pregnant and 626 had already delivered at recruitment. Participants who had delivered had significantly higher mean depressive symptom scores compared to those pregnant at recruitment (9.1 (SD, 5.7) vs. 8.4 (SD, 5.3), p = 0.009). Maternal anxiety (aOR 1.51; 95%CI 1.44–1.59) and stress (aOR 1.35; 95%CI 1.24–1.48) were the most significant predictors of severe maternal depression (EDPS ˃ 13) in pregnancy. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on maternal depression during pregnancy and in the post-partum period. Given that gestational depression/anxiety/stress has been associated with preterm birth and childhood cognitive problems, it is essential to continue following women/children, and develop strategies to reduce COVID-19′s longer-term impact.
Destructive photon echo formation in six-wave mixing signals of a MoSe$_2$ monolayer
Creators: name: Hahn, Thilo
name: Vaclavkova, Diana
name: Bartos, Miroslav
name: Nogajewski, Karol
name: Potemski, Marek
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Machnikowski, Paweł
name: Kuhn, Tilmann
name: Kasprzak, Jacek
name: Wigger, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides display a strong excitonic optical response. Additionally encapsulating the monolayer with hexagonal boron nitride allows to reach the limit of a purely homogeneously broadened exciton system. On such a MoSe$_{2}$-based system we perform ultrafast six-wave mixing spectroscopy and find a novel destructive photon echo effect. This process manifests as a characteristic depression of the nonlinear signal dynamics when scanning the delay between the applied laser pulses. By theoretically describing the process within a local field model we reach an excellent agreement with the experiment. We develop an effective Bloch vector representation and thereby demonstrate that the destructive photon echo stems from a destructive interference of successive repetitions of the heterodyning experiment.
Almost Paracomplex Structures on 4-Manifolds
Creators: name: Georgiou, Nikos
name: Guilfoyle, Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Reflection in a line in Euclidean 3-space defines an almost paracomplex structure on the space of all oriented lines, isometric with respect to the canonical neutral Kaehler metric. Beyond Euclidean 3-space, the space of oriented geodesics of any real 3-dimensional space form admits both isometric and anti-isometric paracomplex structures. This paper considers the existence or otherwise of isometric and anti-isometric almost paracomplex structures $j$ on a pseudo-Riemannian 4-manifold $(M,g)$, such that $j$ is parallel with respect to the Levi-Civita connection of $g$. It is shown that if an isometric or anti-isometric almost paracomplex structure on a conformally flat manifold is parallel, then the scalar curvature of the metric must be zero. In addition, it is found that $j$ is parallel iff the eigenplanes are tangent to a pair of mutually orthogonal foliations by totally geodesic surfaces. The composition of a Riemannian metric with an isometric almost paracomplex structure $j$ yields a neutral metric $g'$. It is proven that if $j$ is parallel, then $g$ is Einstein iff $g'$ is conformally flat and scalar flat. The vanishing of the Hirzebruch signature is found to be a necessary topological condition for a closed 4-manifold to admit an Einstein metric with a parallel isometric paracomplex structure. Thus, while the K3 manifold admits an Einstein metric with an isometric paracomplex structure, it cannot be parallel. The same holds true for certain connected sums of complex projective 2-space and its conjugate.
description: 28 pages Latex
Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and its deviations from random-matrix theory beyond the thermalization time
Creators: name: Wang, Jiaozi
name: Lamann, Mats H.
name: Richter, Jonas
name: Steinigeweg, Robin
name: Dymarsky, Anatoly
name: Gemmer, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) explains emergence of the thermodynamic equilibrium by assuming a particular structure of observable's matrix elements in the energy eigenbasis. Schematically, it postulates that off-diagonal matrix elements are random numbers and the observables can be described by Random Matrix Theory (RMT). To what extent physical operators can be described by RMT, more precisely at which energy scale strict RMT description applies, is however not fully understood. We study this issue by introducing a novel numerical approach to probe correlations between matrix elements for Hilbert-space dimensions beyond those accessible for exact diagonalization. Our analysis is based on the evaluation of higher moments of operator submatrices, defined within energy windows of varying width. Considering nonintegrable quantum spin chains, we observe that genuine RMT behavior is absent even for narrow energy windows corresponding to time scales of the order of thermalization time $τ_\text{th}$ of the respective observables. We also demonstrate that residual correlations between matrix elements are reflected in the dynamics of out-of-time-ordered correlation functions.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures
Zeeman-Doppler imaging of five young solar-type stars
Creators: name: Willamo, T.
name: Lehtinen, J. J.
name: Hackman, T.
name: Käpylä, M. J.
name: Kochukhov, O.
name: Jeffers, S. V.
name: Korhonen, H.
name: Marsden, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic activity of the Sun changes with the solar cycle. Similar cycles are found in other stars as well, but their details are not known to a similar degree. Characterising stellar magnetic cycles is important for the understanding of the stellar and solar dynamos that are driving the magnetic activity. We present spectropolarimetric observations of five young, solar-type stars, and compare them to previous observations, with the aim to identify and characterise stellar equivalents of the solar cycle. We use Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI) to map the surface magnetic field and brightness of our targets. The magnetic field is decomposed into spherical harmonic expansions, from which we report the strengths of the axisymmetric vs. non-axisymmetric, and poloidal vs. toroidal components, and compare them to the Rossby numbers of the stars. We present five new ZDI-maps of young, solar-type stars from Dec 2017. Of special interest is the case of V1358 Ori, that has gone through a polarity reversal between our observations and earlier ones. A less evident polarity reversal might also have occurred in HD 35296. There is a preference for more axisymmetric field, and possibly more toroidal field, for the more active stars with lower Rossby number, but a larger sample should be studied to draw any strong conclusions from this. For most of the individual stars, the amounts of toroidal and poloidal field have stayed on similar levels as in earlier observations. We find evidence for a magnetic polarity reversal having occurred in V1358 Ori. \c{hi}1 Ori could be an interesting target for future observations, with a possible short magnetic cycle of a few years. The correlation between the brightness maps and the magnetic field is mostly poor, which could indicate the presence of small-scale magnetic features of different polarities, that cancel each other out, and are not resolved in our maps.
Robust non-integer conductance in disordered 2D Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Amanatidis, Ilias
name: Kleftogiannis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the conductance $G$ of 2D Dirac semimetal nanowires at the presence of disorder. For an even nanowire length $L$ determined by the number of unit cells, we find non-integer values for $G$ that are independent of $L$ and persist with weak disorder, indicated by the vanishing fluctuations of $G$. The effect is created by a combination of the scattering effects at the contacts(interface) between the leads and the nanowire, an energy gap present in the nanowire for even $L$ and the topological properties of the 2D Dirac semimetals. Unlike conventional materials the reduced $G$ due to the scattering at the interface, is stabilized at non-integer values inside the nanowire, leading to a topological phase for weak disorder. For strong disorder the system leaves the topological phase and the fluctuations of $G$ are increased as the system undergoes a transition/crossover toward the Anderson localized(insulating) phase, via a non-standard disordered phase. We study the scaling and the statistics of $G$ at these phases. In addition we have found that the effect of robust non-integer $G$ disappears for odd $L$, which results in integer $G$, determined by the number of open channels in the nanowire, due to resonant scattering.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, some revisions along with an expanded analysis including new figures, published in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
Interdisziplinär, multilateral und transparent?
Creators: name: Neugebauer, Carola Silvia
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: UNESCO
Welterbe
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Ausgezeichnet schutzbedürftig sind UNESCO-Weltkulturerbestätten, und nachhaltig sollen sie entwickelt werden. Tatsächlich ist die Bewahrung des Kulturerbes nicht nur ein Beitrag zu nachhaltiger Raumentwicklung, sondern der UNESCO-Status selbst kann diese auslösen und befördern.

Das lokale Welterbemanagement ist dabei ein entscheidender Faktor. Doch was macht es erfolgreich? Welche Rolle spielt darin der Dialog? Welcher Dialogqualitäten bedarf es, und wie könnte man sie steuern? Illustriert mit Beispielen der Managementpraxis in den Weltkulturerbestädten Stralsund, Wismar und St. Petersburg geht der Beitrag diesen Fragen nach
und skizziert das breite Wirkpotenzial des UNESCO-Labels für nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
UNESCO-Welterbe Zollverein: Anforderungen an Marketing und Kommunikation
Creators: name: Bösch, Delia
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: UNESCO
Welterbe
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Das UNESCO-Welterbe Zollverein in Essen gehört zu den vier deutschen sogenannten industriellen Welterbestätten – neben dem Erzbergwerk Rammelsberg, der Völklinger Hütte und dem Fagus-Werk in Alfeld. Das Bergwerk Zollverein war zu seiner Inbetriebnahme Anfang der 1930er Jahre eine hochmoderne Riesenmaschine und ein Repräsentationsbau zugleich – und insofern von Beginn an das, was man heute als Corporate Architecture bezeichnet: eine Marketing-Maßnahme des Bauherren.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Observation of non-linearity of generalized King plot in the search for new boson
Creators: name: Ono, Koki
name: Saito, Yugo
name: Ishiyama, Taiki
name: Higomoto, Toshiya
name: Takano, Tetsushi
name: Takasu, Yosuke
name: Yamamoto, Yasuhiro
name: Tanaka, Minoru
name: Takahashi, Yoshiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure isotope shifts for neutral Yb isotopes on an ultranarrow optical clock transition $^{1}\text{S}_{0}-^{3}\text{P}_{0}$ with an accuracy of a few Hz. The part-per-billion precise measurement was possible by loading the ultracold atoms into a three-dimensional magic-wavelength optical lattice and alternately interrogating the isotope pairs, thus minimizing the effects due to the optical lattice light-shift and inter-atomic interaction as well as the drifts of a clock laser frequency and a magnetic field. The determined isotope shifts, combined with one of the recently reported isotope-shift measurements of Yb$^+$ on two optical transitions, allow us to construct the King plots. Extremely large nonlinearity with the corresponding $χ^2$ on the order of $10^4$ is revealed, and is not explained by a quadratic field shift. We further carry out the generalized King plot for three optical transitions so that we can eliminate the contribution arising from a higher-order effect within the Standard Model which might explain the observed nonlinearity of King plots for two transitions. Our analysis of the generalized King plot shows a deviation from linearity at the 3$σ$ level, indicating that there exist at least two higher order contributions in the measured isotope shifts. Then, under the reasonable assumption to attribute them to higher-order field shifts within the Standard Model, we obtain the upper bound of the product of the couplings for a new boson mediating a force between electrons, and neutrons $|y_ey_n|/(\hbar c)< 1\times10^{-10}$ for the mass less than 1 keV with the 95% confidence level is derived, providing an important step towards probing new physics via isotope-shift spectroscopy.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Plečniks Ljubljana als humanistischer Stadtumbau
Creators: name: Valena, Tomáš
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ljubljana
Plečnik, Jože
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Was ist das "Humanistische" in Jože Plečniks Architektur? Vorliegender Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, inwiefern diese Charakterisierung seines Werkes gerechtfertigt ist. Anhand von Plečniks Eingriffen in bestehende Stadträume und städtische Situationen in Ljubljana legt die Studie dar, dass dieser "humanistische Stadtumbau" in einem religiös und sozial begründeten
Humanismus wurzelt, der unmittelbar vom Menschen ausgeht und diesen zum Maßstab nimmt.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Sabbioneta
Creators: name: Pieper, Jan
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sabbioneta
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Sabbioneta, die Residenz Vespasiano Gonzagas (1531–1591), gilt als die erste vollständige Neugründung einer Stadt in der Renaissance und zudem als die prototypische Idealstadt der Epoche schlechthin. Und das, obwohl die Stadt überhaupt nicht das regelhafte Bild einer Planstadt bietet.

Die Entdeckung, dass die unregelmäßige Umrissfigur der Stadt sich ebenso wie ihre rätselhafte Binnengliederung durch den Rückgriff auf antik-römische Orientierungspraktiken erklären lässt, gab somit den Anstoß zu einem umfassenden Forschungsprojekt, das zwischen 2003 und 2014 am Lehrstuhl für Baugeschichte der RWTH Aachen durchgeführt wurde und dessen erste beispielhafte Ergebnisse in diesem und den folgenden Aufsätzen vorgestellt werden.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Luftgüte
Partikelförmige Luftverunreinigung
Stadt

description: The 2017-2019 hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 in the US were evaluated focusing on 16 urban background (UB) and 6 traffic (TR) sites in the framework of Research Infrastructures services reinforcing air quality monitoring capacities in European URBAN & industrial areaS (RI-URBANS) project. The main objective was to describe the phenomenology of urban ultrafine particles (UFP) in Europe with a significant air quality focus.The varying lower size detection limits made it difficult to compare PN concentrations (PNC), particularly PN10-25, from different cities. PNCs follow a TR>UB>Suburban (SUB) order. PNC and Black Carbon (BC) progressively increase from Northern Europe to Southern Europe and from Western to Eastern Europe. At the UB sites, typical traffic rush hour PNC peaks are evident, many also showing midday-morning PNC peaks anti-correlated with BC. These peaks result from increased PN10-25, suggesting significant PNC contributions from nucleation, fumigation and shipping.Site types to be identified by daily and seasonal PNC and BC patterns are: (i) PNC mainly driven by traffic emissions, with marked correlations with BC on different time scales; (ii) marked midday/morning PNC peaks and a seasonal anti-correlation with PNC/BC; (iii) both traffic peaks and midday peaks without marked seasonal patterns. Groups (ii) and (iii) included cities with high insolation.PNC, especially PN25-800, was positively correlated with BC, NO2, CO and PM for several sites. The variable correlation of PNSD with different urban pollutants demonstrates that these do not reflect the variability of UFP in urban environments. Specific monitoring of PNSD is needed if nanoparticles and their associated health impacts are to be assessed. Implementation of the CEN-ACTRIS recommendations for PNSD measurements would provide comparable measurements, and measurements of <10 nm PNC are needed for full evaluation of the health effects of this size fraction. © Authors
Die Fognatura in Sabbioneta
Creators: name: Schindler, Bruno
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sabbioneta
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Im Rahmen der Untersuchungen der Aachener Forschergruppe um Jan Pieper zur Idealstadt Sabbioneta hat die Fognatura, die aus dem 16. Jahrhundert stammende und in weiten Teilen erhaltene städtische Kanalisation, eine bedeutende Neubewertung als einzigartiges Bodendenkmal erfahren. Erst der Nachweis der von Vespasiano Gonzaga und einen Geometern angewandten städtebaulichen Prinzipien ließ vermuten, dass der Wasserhaushalt der Stadt Sabbioneta bereits bei ihrer Gründung ein integraler Teil der ingenieurtechnischen Leistung war.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Optical dynamic nuclear polarization of $^{13}$C spins in diamond at a low field with multi-tone microwave irradiation
Creators: name: Kavtanyuk, Vladimir Vladimirovish
name: Lee, Hyun Joon
name: Oh, Sangwon
name: Jeong, Keunhong
name: Shim, Jeong Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has been requiring helium cryogenics and strong magnetic fields for a high degree of polarization. In this work, we instead demonstrate an optical hyperpolarization of naturally abundant $^{13}$C nuclei in a diamond crystal at a low magnetic field and an ambient temperature. It exploits continuous irradiations of pump laser for polarizing electron spins of nitrogen vacancy centers and microwave for transferring the induced polarization to $^{13}$C nuclear spins. Triplet structures corresponding to $^{14}$N hyperfine splitting were clearly observed in the spectrum of $^{13}$C polarization. The powers of microwave irradiation and pump laser were optimized. By simultaneously irradiating three microwave frequencies matching to the peaks of the triplet, we achieved a $^{13}$C bulk polarization of 0.113 %, leading to an enhancement of about a factor of 90,000 over the thermal polarization at 17.6 mT. We believe that the multi-tone irradiation can be universally adopted to further enhance the $^{13}$C polarization at a low magnetic field.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
3D Printing Integration in Engineering Education: A Developing Country Perspectives
Creators: name: Thanh Tuan, To
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has become a disruptive manufacturing technology that benefits the manufacturing and educational sectors. Although developing countries face common barriers, such as qualified trainers, equipment, or lack of resources to integrate 3DP in higher education, no studies have systematically investigated the extent to which these barriers are prevalent and how they are overcome. Using a mixed methods approach, this thesis identifies the barriers and provides recommendations for educators and policymakers to better leverage 3DP technology in engineering education. Based on these findings, a framework is proposed to integrate sustainability through 3DP into the higher education.
Der inkorporierte Schutzbau im Casino del Giardino in Sabbioneta
Creators: name: Helmenstein, Caroline
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: Palazzo del Giardino (Sabbioneta)
Sabbioneta
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Das Casino ist das erste herrschaftliche Gebäude, das Vespasiano Gonzaga nach der 1577 erfolgten Ernennung zum Herzog in seiner Idealstadt Sabbioneta erbauen ließ. Stand bisher außer Frage, dass das Gebäude als vollständiger Neubau errichtet wurde, konnte durch bauforscherische Untersuchungen der Aachener Forschergruppe um Jan Pieper nun nachgewiesen werden, dass in den Casino-Neubau ein bereits vorhandener kleiner Baukörper integriert wurde. Doch erst die zeitgleich durchgeführten Forschungen zur Maßfigur der Idealstadt ermöglichten es, den elementaren Zusammenhang zwischen diesem Gebäude und der Idealstadtplanung zu entschlüsseln.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Multiple scattering model of the quantum random Lorentz gas
Creators: name: Gaspard, David
name: Sparenberg, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multiple scattering model of a quantum particle interacting with a random Lorentz gas of fixed point scatterers is established in an Euclidean space of arbitrary dimension. At the core of the model, the scattering amplitude for the point scatterers is derived in detail, and expressed in terms of the scattering length. The fundamental properties of the model, such as the cross section and the scattering matrix, are calculated. In addition, the model is shown to verify the optical theorem and thus probability conservation. Finally, the differential and total cross sections are numerically computed in two situations whether the Lorentz gas is smaller or larger than the mean free path. A distinct Airy diffraction peak is obtained for a large enough number of scatterers. This observation is related to the extinction paradox.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, first in a series of two papers
Das Teatro all’Antica von Sabbioneta
Creators: name: Buggert, Daniel
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sabbioneta
Teatro all'Antica (Sabbioneta)
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Als letztes Gebäude fügte Vespasiano Gonzaga dem Hochkorridor von Sabbioneta das Teatro all'Antica hinzu. Als erstes im Stadtraum freistehendes Theater stellt es einen wesentlichen Schritt in der typologischen Entwicklung des neuzeitlichen Theaterbaus dar. Die neuen bauforscherischen Untersuchungen des Aachener Forschungsteams unter der Leitung von Jan Pieper ermöglichen es, eine eindeutige Rekonstruktion der inneren Struktur des Ursprungsbaus zu entwickeln. Durch die vergleichende Betrachtung der erhaltenen zeitgenössischen Theater, die auch die Akustik als physikalisch messbare Dimension berücksichtigt, kann die Entwicklung des frühneuzeitlichen Theaters nachvollzogen werden. Nicht zuletzt offenbart sich
die Raumidee, die der Planung Vincenzo Scamozzis zugrunde liegt.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Resonance distribution in the quantum random Lorentz gas
Creators: name: Gaspard, David
name: Sparenberg, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multiple scattering model of a quantum particle in a random Lorentz gas consisting of fixed point scatterers is considered in arbitrary dimension. An efficient method is developed to numerically compute the map of the density of scattering resonances in the complex plane of the wavenumber without finding them one by one. The method is applied to two collision models for the individual scatterers, namely a resonant model, and a non-resonant hard-sphere model. The results obtained with the former are compared to the literature. In particular, the spiral arms surrounding the single-scatterer resonance are identified as proximity resonances. Moreover, the hard-sphere model is used to reveal previously unknown structures in the resonance density. Finally, it is shown how Anderson localization affects the distribution of resonance widths, especially in the one-dimensional case.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, second in a series of two papers
A Framework for Deprecating Datasets: Standardizing Documentation, Identification, and Communication
Creators: name: Luccioni, Alexandra Sasha
name: Corry, Frances
name: Sridharan, Hamsini
name: Ananny, Mike
name: Schultz, Jason
name: Crawford, Kate
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Datasets are central to training machine learning (ML) models. The ML community has recently made significant improvements to data stewardship and documentation practices across the model development life cycle. However, the act of deprecating, or deleting, datasets has been largely overlooked, and there are currently no standardized approaches for structuring this stage of the dataset life cycle. In this paper, we study the practice of dataset deprecation in ML, identify several cases of datasets that continued to circulate despite having been deprecated, and describe the different technical, legal, ethical, and organizational issues raised by such continuations. We then propose a Dataset Deprecation Framework that includes considerations of risk, mitigation of impact, appeal mechanisms, timeline, post-deprecation protocols, and publication checks that can be adapted and implemented by the ML community. Finally, we propose creating a centralized, sustainable repository system for archiving datasets, tracking dataset modifications or deprecations, and facilitating practices of care and stewardship that can be integrated into research and publication processes.
description: In ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency 2022. ACM, Seoul, South Korea
The long and short non-coding RNAs modulating EZH2 signaling in cancer
Creators: name: Mirzaei, Sepideh
name: Gholami, Mohammad H.
name: Hushmandi, Kiavash
name: Hshemi, Farid
name: Zabolian, Amirhossein
name: Canadas, Israel
name: Zarrabi, Ali
name: Nabavi, Noushin
name: Aref, Amir R.
name: Crea, Francesco
name: Wang, Yuzhuo, Ph.D.
name: Ashrafizadeh, Milad
name: Kumar, Alan P.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2022

description: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large family of RNA molecules with no capability in encoding proteins. However, they participate in developmental and biological processes and their abnormal expression affects cancer progression. These RNA molecules can function as upstream mediators of different signaling pathways and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is among them. Briefly, EZH2 belongs to PRCs family and can exert functional roles in cells due to its methyltransferase activity. EZH2 affects gene expression via inducing H3K27me3. In the present review, our aim is to provide a mechanistic discussion of ncRNAs role in regulating EZH2 expression in different cancers. MiRNAs can dually induce/inhibit EZH2 in cancer cells to affect downstream targets such as Wnt, STAT3 and EMT. Furthermore, miRNAs can regulate therapy response of cancer cells via affecting EZH2 signaling. It is noteworthy that EZH2 can reduce miRNA expression by binding to promoter and exerting its methyltransferase activity. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) are synthetic, short ncRNAs capable of reducing EZH2 expression and suppressing cancer progression. LncRNAs mainly regulate EZH2 expression via targeting miRNAs. Furthermore, lncRNAs induce EZH2 by modulating miRNA expression. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs), like lncRNAs, affect EZH2 expression via targeting miRNAs. These areas are discussed in the present review with a focus on molecular pathways leading to clinical translation.
Die Relevanz der historischen Bauforschung für neue Impulse in Stadtplanung und Architektur
Creators: name: Fissabre, Anke
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: SS. Maria Incoronata (Sabbioneta)
Sabbioneta
Servitenkloster (Sabbioneta)
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Durch die Bauforschung im Rahmen des mehrjährigen Projektes "Die Hochkorridore von Sabbioneta" konnten der Verlauf und viele Anschlüsse der hochliegenden Gänge an bestehende Bauten weitgehend geklärt werden. Im Bereich der Chiesa della SS. Maria Incoronata und des angrenzenden Servitenklosters führten die Bauuntersuchungen zu völlig neuen Erkenntnissen über den ehemaligen Verlauf des Hochkorridors und damit zu einer Neuinterpretation des baulichen Ensembles sowie seiner Bedeutung
für die Idealstadt. Aus dieser historischen Umdeutung entstanden Ideen für die Umnutzung des ehemaligen Servitenklosters und seiner angrenzenden Freiflächen, die im Rahmen von studentischen Entwürfen am Lehrstuhl für Baugeschichte und Denkmalpflege in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl für Landschaftsarchitektur der RWTH Aachen weiterentwickelt wurden. Somit stellten sich Befunde einer historisch orientierten Bauforschung mit übergeordneter Fragestellung als neue Impulsgeber für Stadtplanung,
Architektur und Denkmalpflege heraus.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Neues Stadtarchiv und Museum im Servitenkloster zu Sabbioneta
Creators: name: Hake, Verena
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sabbioneta
Servitenkloster (Sabbioneta)
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Das Weltkulturerbe einer Idealstadt weiterzubauen stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Eine Diplomarbeit – angefertigt an den Lehrstühlen für Baugeschichte und Denkmalpflege (Prof. Dr. Jan Pieper) und Baukonstruktion (Prof. Hartwig N. Schneider) der RWTH Aachen – zeigt, welche Herangehensweisen und Entwurfsmethodiken bei diesem Weiterbauen zur Anwendung kommen können: die Betrachtung des Bauwerks als eigenständige Quelle, eine intensive Kontextanalyse und eine wiederkehrende
Reflektion des Angemessenheitsbegriffs im Sinne der Annäherung an ein wissenschaftliches Entwerfen. Erklärtes Ziel der Umnutzung und Erweiterung des Kloster- und Grabeskirchenkomplexes aus dem späten 16. Jahrhundert war es, dem hochsensiblen bauhistorischen Kontext gerecht zu werden und gleichzeitig dem Desiderat einer eigenen, kräftigen architektonischen
Intervention der Gegenwart zu entsprechen.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Supplementary document for Combined multi-band infrared camouflage and thermal management via simple multilayer structure design - 5455473.pdf
Creators: name: Yue, Yang
name: Lei, Wang
name: Xianglin, Tang
name: Bin, Li
name: Yizhi, Hu
name: Zhu, Yonggang
name: Huizhu, Yang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Incidence angle dependence and material optical properties
Preservation Strategies for Sabbioneta's City Walls and Recent Restorations
Creators: name: Zanlungo, Claudia
name: Basso Bert, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sabbioneta
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Sabbioneta and its city walls are nowadays recognized as a very important historical and cultural value, widely acknowledged throughout society: without this recognition neither protection, nor conservation, nor valuation could be achieved.

Sabbioneta’s city walls are evidence for the use of different theoretical approaches: for example, at the beginning of the FIO works it was decided to replace lost bricks with reused material (old and restored bricks); because of the very high costs of this procedure, in accordance with our office it had then been decided to use new bricks, distinguished from the original ones by a "sanding surface". It had also been determined not to replace missing pieces of the bullnose element with original shaped bricks, in spite of emphasising the continuity of the bullnose with a different layout of new bricks. This methodology complied the theoretical principles of "recognition of the new elements" and of economical sustainability.

Today, if we look at the whole extension of the city walls of Sabbioneta, it is possible to compare different works and decisions taken during the years and understand how the theme of conservation and restoration of this masonry wall has been interpreted.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Das Projekt "Rathaus und Pfalzenforschung" in Aachen
Creators: name: Krücken, Monika
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: Aachener Königspfalz (Aachen)
Ausgrabung
Bauforschung
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: In vorbildlicher Kooperation dienten mehrere Forschungsprojekte von 2011 bis 2015 der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung der Aachener Pfalzanlage. Die erstellten Dokumentationen dienen als Grundlage für die Restaurierung und das Facility Management. Vor allem aber lieferten die Forschungen Erkenntnisse zur Geschichte des herausragenden Monuments, die auch in der breiten Öffentlichkeit auf großes Interesse stoßen. Monika Krücken war als Stadtkonservartorin der Abteilung Denkmalpflege und
Stadtarchäologie (Untere Denkmalbehörde) der Stadt Aachen für die Koordination des Projektes "Rathaus und Pfalzenforschung" verantwortlich.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Der Palácio da Pena in der Kulturlandschaft Sintra
Creators: name: Nunes Pereira, António
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2018
Subjects: Architektur
Portugal
Architektur (DDC 720)

description: 1995 ist das Schloss Pena als Teil der Kulturlandschaft Sintra in die Weltkulturerbeliste der UNESCO aufgenommen worden. Mit über einer Million Besucherinnen und Besuchern (2015) weist Pena die höchste Besucherzahl aller Schlösser und Museen Portugals auf. Bereits 2007 übernahm die staatliche Firma Parques de Sintra – Monte da Lua, SA, die Verwaltung des Gebäudes und der dazugehörigen Parkanlagen. Aufgabe der Firma ist es, die ihr unterstehenden Kulturobjekte zu erforschen, zu erhalten und wiederherzustellen. Hierzu wurde 2010 ein umfangreiches Forschungs- und Restaurierungsprogramm initiiert, das Untersuchungen zur Baugeschichte des Schlosses, die Restaurierung des gesamten Gebäudes sowie eine grundlegende Inventarisierung und Sichtung der im Schloss befindlichen Sammlung vorsieht, um auch diese systematisch erforschen zu können. Neben der Planung der wissenschaftlichen und baulichen Maßnahmen wurde auch ein didaktisches Konzept entwickelt, um den Besuchern neugestaltete und vor allem zeitgemäße Medien zur Verfügung zu stellen, die den durchaus unterschiedlichen Ansprüchen des internationalen Publikums gerecht werden.
description: archimaera, Nr. 7 (2018): Dialog als Herausforderung
Das atmosphärische Ensemble – Bauliche Objektgruppe oder stimmungshafte Erscheinung
Creators: name: Hönig, Svenja
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2019
Subjects: Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Unsere Lebensumwelt und damit auch die Wahrnehmung von Denkmalen, Denkmalensembles, Städten, und baulichem Erbe – sei es durch ein Bild oder das Erleben vor Ort – ist geprägt durch Atmosphären. So findet sich die besondere Atmosphäre von etwa Städten oder Kirchen ebenso in der Alltagsrede wieder wie auch im Stadtmarketing oder der Werbung. Begeht oder betrachtet man ein städtisches Ensemble, scheint in der Zusammenschau der Dinge, wie Gebäude und Denkmäler, Stadtstruktur, aber auch Lichter, Geräusche, Menschen und vieler Faktoren mehr, über unsere sinnliche Wahrnehmung etwas Atmosphärisches zu entstehen.

Trotz der Allgegenwärtigkeit der Atmosphären ist das Phänomen jedoch nicht greifbar: Es scheint weder intrinsische Qualität der baulichen Objekte noch ein Gefühl oder Affekt des wahrnehmenden Subjektes zu sein. So wundert es nicht, dass ein expliziter Diskurs über Atmosphäre für Fragen der Denkmalpflege bislang weitestgehend ausgeblieben ist. Auch in anderen Wissenschaften stellt die Beschäftigung mit Atmosphären ein Randthema dar. Dennoch ist ein Aufschwung der Thematik zu verzeichnen, insbesondere in den Disziplinen Philosophie, besonders der Phänomenologie sowie in der Ästhetik-, Raum-, und Architekturtheorie. Obwohl das Phänomen augenscheinlich nicht fassbar ist, erfährt es doch eine gewisse Aufmerksamkeit insbesondere in seiner Verortung und Aushandlung als Phänomen zwischen Subjekt und Objekt, was Ausgangspunkt dieses Beitrags sein wird. Zudem wird in genau dieser Aushandlung auch eine potentielle Bedeutung der Atmosphäre für die Denkmalpflege und im Besonderen für das Ensemble, gesehen.
description: archimaera, Nr. 8 (2019): Atmosphären
Atmosphäre als Haltung – Für eine wahrnehmungsorientierte Lehre in Städtebau und Architektur
Creators: name: Brandl, Anne
name: Mackowitz, Martin
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2019
Subjects: Architektur (DDC 720)

description: In einer Zeit, in der Emotionalität quantitativ anhand der „likes“ in sozialen Medien gemessen wird, bietet der Stadtraum eine wichtige materielle Gegenwelt des konkreten und unmittelbaren Erlebens. Im Stadtraum ist der Mensch körperleiblich und sinnlich anwesend und bei sich, hier ist er nicht austausch- oder wegklickbar. Um aber gestalterisch mit ihm umzugehen, bedarf es der Ausbildung einer urbanen Empathie, welche Architektinnen und Architekten in die Verantwortung nimmt, das gesellschaftliche Miteinander auch als eine sinnliche Teilhabe am öffentlichen Raum zu behandeln und zu vermitteln.

Der Sketch Carpet, erstmals im Wintersemester 2018/19 am „Stadt/Studio“ des Instituts für Architektur und Raumentwicklung der Universität Liechtenstein erprobt, versteht sich als Dokumentationsmöglichkeit erlebter sinnlicher Qualitäten von architektonischen Räumen und als Reflexionsebene für die verschiedenen subjektiven Erlebensweisen einer räumlichen Situation. Das „Stadt/Studio“ will dank dieses Instruments zum Katalysator einer stadträumlichen Entwicklung und zum Impulsgeber einer öffentlichen Diskussion darüber werden.
description: archimaera, Nr. 8 (2019): Atmosphären
Entwerfen als Erinnern
Creators: name: Schmitz, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: archimaera
Year: 2019
Subjects: Architektur (DDC 720)

description: Wie entstehen Ideen zu komplexen Environments? Dieser Beitrag dreht sich um die im wissenschaftlichen Kontext schwierige Frage, ob oder wie man Atmosphären entwerfen kann. Er versucht eine Einkreisung in neun Schritten, die das Entwerfen als ein Erinnern bestimmen, durch das wir uns auf ein kollektives Wissen über Atmosphären besinnen. Architekten können dieses Wissen als Stellvertreter und als Medium erschließen und in zeitgemäße Formen übersetzen. Dabei müssen sie lernen, Räume von ihren Wirkungen her zu denken und durch ihr subjektives Gespür für Wirkungen von Archetypen noch mehr auf die Menschen zu beziehen. Ergänzend werden methodische Entwurfspraktiken des Erinnerns vorgestellt: Christopher Alexanders ‘A Pattern Language‘, die den Zugriff auf ein definiertes Netzwerk zeitloser, kollektiv verfügbarer Archetypen systematisiert. Und das Schöpfen von ‘Denkbildern‘ aus dem individuell gestimmten Vorbewussten durch die Interaktion von manuellen Zeichenpraktiken und diskursiven Methoden, sowie die Erkundung der affektiven Wirkungen von Material und Faktur.

Der Beitrag wird begleitet von 'Mikroskizzen' (im Original etwa 6x12cm), die im Wintersemester 2012 von Philipp Grüll im Rahmen des Workshops “Bild_Entwurf“ zu dem Master-Projekt “Landhaus“ gezeichnet wurden. Das Projekt wurde durchgeführt als Kooperation des Lehrstuhls für Bildnerische Gestaltung und des Lehrstuhls für Wohnbau in der Fakultät für Architektur der RWTH Aachen University.
description: archimaera, Nr. 8 (2019): Atmosphären
Region-income-based prioritisation of Sustainable Development Goals by Gradient Boosting Machine
Creators: name: Asadikia, Atie
name: Rajabifard, Abbas
name: Kalantari, Mohsen
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to address complex global challenges and cover aspects of social development, environmental protection, and economic growth. However, the holistic and complicated nature of the goals has made their attainment difficult. Achieving all goals by 2030 given countries’ limited budgets with the economic and social disruption that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused is over-optimistic. To have the most profound impact on the SDGs achievement, prioritising and improving co-beneficial goals is an effective solution. This study confirms that countries’ geographic location and income level have a significant relationship with overall SDGs achievement. This article applies the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm to identify the top five SDGs that drive the overall SDG score. The results show that the influential SDGs vary for countries with a specific income level located in different regions. In Europe and Central Asia, SDG10 is among the most influential goals for high-income countries, SDG9 for upper-middle-income, SDG3 in low and lower-middle-income countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, and SDG5 in Latin America and the Caribbean upper-middle-income countries. This systematic and exploratory data-driven study generates new insights that confirm the uniqueness, and non-linearity of the relationship between goals and overall SDGs achievement.