cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Extradition in the Light of the Indian Constitution.
Creators: name: Tewari, M. M.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1973

description: The present thesis is essentially a study of the law of extradition in the light of the Indian Constitution. It is a study of case law and of relevant statutory provisions on the subject not yet judicially considered. Cases on similar provisions decided by English, American, Australian, Canadian and Civil-law countries' courts have been considered. The early chapters of the thesis set the scene and establish the tone of the subject, which has unique features as a topic of law. Chapter I gives the details of the Constitutional aspects of the subject in general, including the powers of the legislature, judiciary and the executive. Chapter II gives the definition; general survey of the subject; historical background of the different extradition Acts in force in India; pre- and post-Constitution treaties, and the necessity of giving them the force of municipal law; the distinctions between extradition, deportation, expulsion, kidnapping and the right of asylum; special features of the Indian Extradition Act of 1962, and the improvements made in it compared with the earlier Extradition Acts and international practice and procedure. Chapter III deals with the procedure provided under Chapter II of the Extradition Act, 1962, with details of the jurisdiction of the magisterial and superior courts, and the Central Government's powers. Chapter IV deals with political offences and grounds of refusal for extradition. Chapter V deals with various topics on extradition with special reference to the relevant Articles of the Indian Constitution, with detailed Indian and foreign case law. Chapter VI deals with remedies available both to the fugitive offender and the requesting State, before the Superior Courts under the Indian Criminal Procedure Code and the Constitution, and before the Central Government. Chapter VII deals with practice and procedure of rendition within the Commonwealth, giving details of the differences in procedure under Chapters II and III of the Indian Extradition Act, 1962. Practice and procedure in International Law has also been considered. Suggestions have been made to amend further the present Act wherever necessary, and towards the framing of Rules under Section 36 of the Act.
Ram pressure stripping in clusters: Gravity can bind the ISM but not the CGM
Creators: name: Ghosh, Ritali
name: Dutta, Alankar
name: Sharma, Prateek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the survival of a galaxy's circumgalactic medium (CGM) as it experiences ram pressure stripping (RPS) moving through the intracluster medium (ICM). For a satellite galaxy, the CGM is often assumed to be entirely stripped/evaporated, an assumption that may not always be justified. We carry out 3D-hydrodynamic simulations of the interstellar and circumgalactic media (ISM+CGM) of a galaxy like JO201 moving through the ICM. The CGM can survive long at cluster outskirts ($\gtrsim2 \rm \ Gyr$) but at smaller cluster-centric distances, 90\% of the CGM mass is lost within $\sim 500$ Myr. The gravitational restoring force on the CGM is mostly negligible and the CGM-ICM interaction is analogous to \textit{`cloud-wind interaction'}. The CGM stripping timescale does not depend on the ram pressure but on the CGM to ICM density contrast $χ$. Two distinct regimes emerge for CGM stripping: the $χ>1$ regime, which is the well-known \textit{`cloud crushing'} problem, and the $χ<1$ regime, which we refer to as the (relatively unexplored) \textit{`bubble drag'} problem. The first pericentric passage near the cluster core can rapidly -- over a crossing time $t_{\rm drag} \sim R/v_{\rm rel}$ -- strip the CGM in the \textit{bubble drag} regime. The ISM stripping criterion unlike the CGM criterion, still depends on the ram pressure $ρ_{\rm ICM} v_{\rm rel}^2$. The stripped tails of satellites contain contributions from both the disk and the CGM. The X-ray plume in M89 in the Virgo cluster and a lack of it in the nearby M90 might be attributed to their orbital histories. M90 has likely undergone stripping in the bubble drag regime due to a pericentric passage close to the cluster center.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures; journal-accepted version; a short video description of the paper is here: https://youtu.be/yssXeoE6JV4?si=etoZuLLT1btLzo6_
title: A History of Methodism in Haiti 1817-1916.
Creators: name: Griffiths, Leslie John
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1987

description: Haiti was the first French-speaking country outside Europe, and the first non-British colony, where Methodist missionary work was established by John Brown and James Catts in 1817. Their short stay was followed by a period of twenty years when the Methodists in Port-au-Prince were organised under Haitian leadership. The arrival of missionary Mark Baker Bird in 1839 brought this indigenous period to its close. The time between 1804 (the year of Haiti's independence) and 1860 (the year when a Concordat was signed with the Vatican) saw the Roman Catholic community in Haiti in schism with Rome. During this time, Methodists understood their role in terms of non-sectarian collaboration with those attempting to evolve national institutions. After the signing of the Concordat, a significant change of climate can be noted. The Roman Catholics became self-confident, foreign-led, and an anti-protestant church. On the Protestant side, the different churches (Baptist, Episcopalian, and Methodist) tended to line up with nationalists and freemasons who mounted a campaign against the Concordat. Protestants in general, and Methodists among them, became increasingly sectarian. Some important Haitian intellectuals, however, who had been formed within a Methodist communion which remained true to the teaching and influence of Mark Bird, continued to take the larger view. This thesis emphasises the work of men such as J.B. Dehoux, a key figure in the world of medicine in 19th century Haiti; and Louis-Joseph Janvier, diplomat and political theorist; and also Etzer Vilaire, poet, teacher, and vice president of the Haitian Court of Appeal. All saw religion in the context of wider questions and issues, and established a distinctive intellectual tradition. The concentration of work in the towns of Haiti, the narrow social limits of the Methodists after the initial and better-balanced phase, the failure to produce Haitian ministers, all led to internal dissension, limits on the possibilities of growth, and a reduction of influence in the country generally by 1916 - tendencies which only later were to be reversed.
Syntactic ambiguity resolution and the prosodic foot: Cross-language differences
Creators: name: Perry, Conrad
name: Kan, Man Kit
name: Matthews, Stephen
name: Wong, Richard Kwok Shing
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: In this study we examined syntactic ambiguity resolution in two different Chinese languages, Cantonese and Mandarin, which are relatively similar grammatically but very different phonologically. We did this using four-character sentences that could be read using two, two-syllable sequences (2-2) or a structure where the first syllable could be read by itself. The results showed that when both potential readings were semantically congruent, Mandarin speakers had a strong preference for the 2-2 structure and they preferred that structure much more than Cantonese speakers did. We attribute this to Mandarin having a more dominant bisyllabic prosodic foot than Cantonese. When the 2-2 meaning was semantically in congruent, however, the alternative structure was preferred by both Mandarin and Cantonese speakers. Overall, the results suggest that, in silent reading tasks and semantically neutral conditions, the prosodic foot is generated automatically and can affect syntactic choices when ambiguity arises.
Supplemental Material, Web_Appendix_NEW - Proactive Handling of Flight Overbooking: How to Reduce Negative eWOM and the Costs of Bumping Customers
Creators: name: Nazifi, Amin
name: Gelbrich, Katja
name: Yany Grégoire
name: Koch, Sebastian
name: El-Manstrly, Dahlia
name: Wirtz, Jochen
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150402 Hospitality Management

description: Supplemental Material, Web_Appendix_NEW for Proactive Handling of Flight Overbooking: How to Reduce Negative eWOM and the Costs of Bumping Customers by Amin Nazifi, Katja Gelbrich, Yany Grégoire, Sebastian Koch, Dahlia El-Manstrly and Jochen Wirtz in Journal of Service Research
Learning and dynamic choices under uncertainty: from weighted regret and rejoice to expected utility
Creators: name: Zagonari, Fabio
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2016
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper identifies the globally stable conditions under which an individual facing the same choice in many subsequent times learns to behave as prescribed by the expected-utility model. To do so, the analysis moves from the relevant behavioural models suggested by psychology (i.e., weighted probabilities applied to regret and rejoice theory), and by updating probability estimations and outcome preferences according to the learning models suggested by neuroscience (i.e., adaptive learning aimed at reducing surprises), and analogous to Bayesian updating. The search context is derived from experimental economics, whereas the learning framework is borrowed from theoretical economics. Analytical results show that obstinate and lucky individuals are better off in the short-run (i.e., a low density of events in the reference period), but they do not learn, and this is true to a greater extent in a simple context; in contrast, reactive and unlucky individuals are worse off in the short-run, but they learn and are better off in the long-run (i.e., all individuals are equally lucky or unlucky), and this is true to a greater extent in a complex context. The expected-utility model explains real behaviours in the long-run whenever unlucky events are more likely than lucky
events.
Scale invariance beyond criticality within the mean-field analysis of tensorial field theories
Creators: name: Dekhil, Roukaya
name: Jercher, Alexander F.
name: Oriti, Daniele
name: Pithis, Andreas G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the series of articles on the application of Landau-Ginzburg mean-field theory to unveil the basic phase structure of tensorial field theories which are characterized by combinatorially non-local interactions. Among others, this class covers tensor field theories (TFT) which lead to a new class of conformal field theories highly relevant for investigations on the AdS/CFT conjecture. Moreover, it also encompasses models within the tensorial group field theory (TGFT) approach to quantum gravity. Crucially, in the infrared we find that the effective mass of the modes relevant for the critical behavior vanishes not only at criticality but also throughout the entire phase of non-vanishing vacuum expectation value due to the non-locality of the interactions. As a consequence, one encounters there the emergence of scale invariance on configuration space which is potentially enhanced to conformal invariance thereon.
description: 45 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; closest to published version
title: Competing Jurisdictions of International Courts and Tribunals: Which Rules Govern?
Creators: name: Shany, Yuval
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2001

description: Recent years have witnessed a sharp increase in the number of international courts and tribunals and greater willingness on the part of states and other international actors to subject themselves to the compulsory jurisdiction of international adjudicative mechanisms. However, because of the uncoordinated nature of these developments, overlaps between the jurisdictional ambits of the different judicial bodies might occur - i.e., the same dispute could fall under the jurisdiction of more than one forum. This, in turn, raises the question of coordinating between the competing jurisdictions, with a view of promoting the smooth operation of international law and safeguarding the rights and interests of the disputing parties. The purpose of the thesis is to study the implications of jurisdictional competition and to identify standards which may alleviate problems associated with the phenomenon. The first part of the thesis examines the jurisdictional ambits of the principal international courts and tribunals and delineates areas of overlap between their respective jurisdictions. It reveals considerable overlaps, which have already resulted, on occasion, in multiple proceedings. The second part discusses some of the potential systematic and practical problems that arise out of jurisdictional competition (e.g., forum shopping and multiple proceedings) and considers the expediency of mitigating them. Finally, the third part identifies and studies existing rules of international law, which govern inter-jurisdictional competition, and considers the introduction of additional norms and arrangements (e.g., the lis alibi pendens rule and the abuse of rights and comity doctrines). The central conclusion of the thesis is that jurisdictional competition, while positive in some ways, ought to be mitigated, or else it could undermine the coherence of the international legal system. Although existing rules regulate some aspects of inter-fora competition, additional rules are needed in order to preserve and improve the harmonisation of the international legal system.
title: From Detroit to Deir Dibwan: Negotiated Identities of Unmarried American-Palestinian "Returnee" Girls in the West Bank.
Creators: name: Scholey, Pamela Jean
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1999

description: This thesis examines the gender, ethnic, and national identities and identity issues of unmarried Muslim Palestinian-American girls who have relocated to the West Bank, with or without both of their parents. In the post-Oslo Accord era there has been a sudden influx of such "returnees" to the Ramallah-area, which is noted for its predominant migration pattern to the US. The research findings are compared against recent literature on migration and identity where there is much celebration of and emphasis placed on the "hybridisation" of identity, predicated on the new dissolution of national borders. Borrowing from recent poststructuralist feminist, anthropological, and psychoanalytic literature, it is found that rather than deploying singular hybridised identities the girls acted out a number of "identity options" depending on the context and their various identity investments. The thesis traces the history of Palestinian migration to the US this century, and the varying racial, ethnic, and national identity positions available to the girls in the US and in the West Bank. Notions of "honour" and enmeshed family relations encourage or allow the parents of the girls interviewed to "deposit" their Palestinian identities in the bodies of their daughters. The imperatives of "honour" and the requirement that their daughters marry Muslims, and preferably Palestinians, compel Palestinian parents to relocate their daughters to the West Bank in order to "protect" them and facilitate their marriages to Muslim Palestinians in the West Bank. Through the girls' practices surrounding decisions to wear the hijab, attend university, or marry, it is possible to detect their investment in various "American" identities, which frequently contradict their own and their parents' "Palestinian" identities. It is in the ways they find to accommodate their conflicting identities that the girls devise new American, Palestinian, and Muslim ways of being.
The Modular DFT of the Symmetric Group
Creators: name: Walters, Jackson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for a cyclic group when $p|N$ by factoring $x^N-1$ over finite fields and constructing the Fourier transform and its inverse using Bézout's identity for polynomials. For the symmetric group, in the modular case when $p|n!$ we construct the Peirce decomposition using central primitive orthogonal idempotents, yielding a change-of-basis matrix which generalizes the DFT. We compute the unitary DFT for the symmetric group over number fields containing sufficiently many square roots. For $n=3$, we compute the Galois group of the splitting field of the characteristic polynomial. All constructions are implemented in SageMath.
description: 12 pages
title: Narrative Reliefs From the SW and NW Corner Pavilions of Angkor Wat.
Creators: name: Roveda, Vittorio
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1999

description: This study examines the religious and social meaning of the reliefs from the western corner pavilions of the temple of Angkor Wat (12th century AD.). It investigates how visual narrative was articulated by the Khmer, and how the reliefs contributed to the sacredness of the temple and the consolidation Suryavarman II's kingship. In Part I (Chapterl), after a brief introduction on the political and religious status of Cambodia at the time of Suryavarman II, the Indian texts to which the stories of the reliefs refer are extensively discussed. After a critical analysis of the literature available on the reliefs of the corner pavilion, a detailed examination of the reliefs of the south-western and north-western pavilions is then presented in order to establish the base for their interpretation. For a better understanding it was essential to study, even if briefly, narrative reliefs from other sites of the temple. Part II (Chapter 1) deals with the use of semiotics, seeking a level of meaning of the reliefs underlying that revealed by iconography. Semiotics provides the possibility of an analytical practice, of describing and explaining the process and structures through which meanings are constituted. This is followed by an investigation into narration's techniques used by the Khmer in depicting events in the reliefs. Chapter 2 includes my attempt to interpret the narrative, the analysis of the arrangement and selection of the themes, and their narrative program. It results that narrative elements were fundamental components of a sacred discourse. Finally, in Chapter 3, the conclusions of the study are summarised. The reliefs are symbolic of the temporal power of the king, and affirm his right to rule the Khmer in intimate association with the divine. Moreover, they were used for creating the image of a sacred universal meaning, a visual representation of Khmer metaphysics. They were the visual manifestation of devotion to Vishnu. To Part III belong all the maps, tables and illustrations supporting the text of the thesis.
Online_Appendix_BJPIR_v3 – Supplemental material for Third-party knowledge and success in civil war mediation
Creators: name: Wiegand, Krista
name: Rowland, Erin
name: Keels, Eric
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Supplemental material, Online_Appendix_BJPIR_v3 for Third-party knowledge and success in civil war mediation by Krista Wiegand, Erin Rowland and Eric Keels in The British Journal of Politics and International Relations
title: A Political History of Barotseland 1878-1965.
Creators: name: Caplan, Gerald Lewis
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1968

description: This thesis attempts to demonstrate the consequences for a relatively powerful African kingdom whose ruler attempted to accommodate rather than to resist European power in the hopes of harnessing it to his own ends. In 1890, King Lewanika, deceived into believing the British South Africa Company was a branch of the British government, signed the Lochner Concession against the wishes of an important faction of the Lozi ruling class. The entire ruling class was united in opposing the encroachments on Lozi sovereignty which were initiated by the Company's administrators and maintained by the successor Crown government of Northern Rhodesia, Nevertheless, throughout the reigns of the four Lozi kings between 1885 and about 1959, tension existed within the ruling class, since the interests of its inner elite suffered relatively less under colonial overrule than did those of its outer circle. Partly because opposition was seen to be largely futile, in part because those belonging to the inner core were allowed to retain the facade, if not the substance, of power, they rarely attempted actively to resist government interference in Lozi affairs. Only when Paramount Chief Mwanawina refused to come to terms with African nationalism did the traditional ruling class substantially unite to defend the petty privileges which it continued to hold in the stagnant rump of a labour reserve which the kingdom of Barotseland had become. But the very existence of such a tribal elite was a contradiction of nationalist principles, and its intransigence in dealing with the new black government of Northern Rhodesia/Zambia assured that the final destruction of the Lozi ruling class, begun by the Company, came swiftly and decisively under African rule.
title: Moscheen als Public Space
Creators: name: Hakim, Negar
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2024
Subjects: Public Space
Moschee heute
Transformation
Zaha Hadid
Emre Arolat
Fluid Motion Architects

description: Der Beitrag verfolgt die These, dass Moscheen heute auch in einer säkularen Gesellschaft eine große Anziehungskraft auf viele Menschen ausüben können. Durch ihre Architektur prägen sie soziale Dynamiken, die sich innerhalb, aber vor allem auch außerhalb ihres Rahmens abspielen. Der Einfluss architektonischer und städtebaulicher Merkmale ist auch im 21. Jahrhundert von besonderer Bedeutung.
sj-pdf-1-eup-10.1177_1465116520928118 - Supplemental material for Keeping the euro at any cost? Explaining attitudes toward the euro-austerity trade-off in Greece
Creators: name: Jurado, Ignacio
name: Walter, Stefanie
name: Konstantinidis, Nikitas
name: Dinas, Elias
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 120505 Regional Analysis and Development
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eup-10.1177_1465116520928118 for Keeping the euro at any cost? Explaining attitudes toward the euro-austerity trade-off in Greece by Ignacio Jurado, Stefanie Walter, Nikitas Konstantinidis and Elias Dinas in European Union Politics
title: The Law of Obligation in Ghana and Nigeria, a Comparative Study.
Creators: name: Uche, Uche Uko
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1967

description: This study is a comparative investigation of the law of obligations in Ghana and Nigeria. It has often been suggested that the law of civil responsibility in Ghana and Nigeria is the same as the current English law position. This thesis sets out to examine the basis of this assumption, an exercise which has never before been attempted by any previous writer in West African law. This investigation is in eight Parts of a total of twenty-one sections. In the Introductory Part, the meaning, scope and content of the title are fully discussed. The case for a new approach to the classification of obligations in Ghana and Nigeria is stated and argued. Part II examines the vital question of the sources of obligations. This is the issue of the juristic basis for the application of extraneous law in Ghana and Nigeria, what this law is, limits on its application and the concurrent application of indigenous rules of law. A reassessment of the whole position in the light of extant documentary data is attempted. The law of obligations is substantially made up of case-law. Part III examines what cases bind which courts. Parts IV and V deal with valid agreements, the former with two-party situations while the latter treats situations in which more than two parties are involved. Part VI examines the all-important category of defective agreements, an approach totally different from the conventional treatment of the subject. Part VII is a functional study of obligations. Here in three sections, we examine the role of the Courts in the enforcement of agreements, the role of the state, and the effectiveness of remedies for breach of agreements. The final part analyses and sets out to argue a case for obligations imposed by law.
Story Map - Living Water: River, Land and Sea Country and Indigenous People of the West Kimberley
Creators: name: Carracher, Lachie
name: RiverOfLife, Martuwarra
name: Traditional Owners, West Kimberley
name: Poelina, Anne
name: Ouzman, S
name: Coles Smith, Mark
name: Bool, Ian
name: Pérez-Hämmerle, Katharina-Victoria
name: Ward, Charlotte
name: Torres, Petris
name: Wilinggin Aboriginal Corporation
name: Mayala Inninalang Aboriginal Corporation
name: Hawke, S
name: Williams, John
name: George, Annette
name: Long, John
name: O'Leary, Mick
name: Pusey, Brad
name: Robinson, Nick
name: Vokes, Richard
name: State Library Western Australia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 360504
subject: Interactive media

description: Interactive online Story Map about the Martuwarra Fitroy River, Culture and Catchment
Supplemental Material, supplementary_file_no_1_ligand_and_docking_results - An Assay on the Possible Effect of Essential Oil Constituents on Receptors Involved in Women’s Hormonal Health and Reproductive System Diseases
Creators: name: Amirhossein Sakhteman
name: Ardalan Pasdaran
name: Afifi, Mehdi
name: Azadeh Hamedi
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental Material, supplementary_file_no_1_ligand_and_docking_results for An Assay on the Possible Effect of Essential Oil Constituents on Receptors Involved in Women’s Hormonal Health and Reproductive System Diseases by Amirhossein Sakhteman, Ardalan Pasdaran, Mehdi Afifi and Azadeh Hamedi in Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine
title: English Educated Ceylonese in the Official Life of Ceylon From 1865 to 1883.
Creators: name: Andradi, Wijeratne Mudiyanselage Don Dayananda
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1967

description: The purpose of this study is to examine the position of English educated Ceylonese in the official life of the island. The pay, prospects, conditions and terms of employment of the natives are some of the main aspects examined in the different chapters. Disputes between European and the native officials regarding their suitability for various services and the general official attitude regarding the employment of natives have received attention. Chapter I provides an introductory background to educational developments to the end of the period of this study. This has a double importance since recruitment, of natives to government appointments was largely dependent on their educational attainments and the teachers were themselves an important section of the educated class. Chapter II examines the effects of the competitive examination on the recruitment of natives to the Civil Service proper. In Chapter III the position of natives in the higher public appointments is discussed. The position of natives in private legal and notarial practice is also discussed in this chapter as this is closely allied with the theme of judicial appointments. Chapter IV deals with Headmen. The first part of the chapter on the Clerical Service deals with the first steps taken towards organizing a unified service, and the second with further improvements in prospects and with other aspects such as corruption. Chapter VI deals with the police force. The Public Works Department has again been studied in two parts, the second being devoted to native overseers. Chapter VIII examines the position of natives in the Survey Department. In Chapter IX a study is made of the problem of extending pension rights to railway employees. The chapter on the Medical Department traces the development of two parallel branches in the Medical Service.
Crossing walls and windows: the curious escape of Lyman-$α$ photons through ionised channels
Creators: name: Monter, Silvia Almada
name: Gronke, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diverse Lyman-alpha (Ly$α$) line profiles are essential probes of gas in and around galaxies. While isotropic models can successfully reproduce a range of Ly$α$ observables, the correspondence between the model and actual physical parameters remains uncertain. We investigate the effect of anisotropies of Ly$α$ escape using a simplified setup: a hole (fractional size $\tilde s$) within a semi-infinite slab with constant column density. Due to the slab's high line-centre optical depth ($τ_0\gtrsim 10^{5-6}$), most photons should escape through the empty channel. However, our numerical findings indicate that only a fraction $\sim \tilde s$ of photons exit through this channel. To explain this puzzle, we developed an analytical model describing the scattering and transmission behaviour of Ly$α$ photons in an externally illuminated slab. Our findings show that the number of scatterings per reflection follows a Lévy distribution ($\propto N^{-3/2}$). This means that the mean number of scatterings is orders of magnitude greater than expectations, facilitating a shift in frequency and the subsequent photon escape. Our results imply that Ly$α$ photons are more prone to traverse high-density gas and are surprisingly less biased to the `path of least resistance'. Hence, Ly$α$ can trace an averaged hydrogen distribution rather than only low-column density `channels'.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication, MNRAS: Letters
Supplemental Material, supplementary_file_no_2 - An Assay on the Possible Effect of Essential Oil Constituents on Receptors Involved in Women’s Hormonal Health and Reproductive System Diseases
Creators: name: Amirhossein Sakhteman
name: Ardalan Pasdaran
name: Afifi, Mehdi
name: Azadeh Hamedi
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental Material, supplementary_file_no_2 for An Assay on the Possible Effect of Essential Oil Constituents on Receptors Involved in Women’s Hormonal Health and Reproductive System Diseases by Amirhossein Sakhteman, Ardalan Pasdaran, Mehdi Afifi and Azadeh Hamedi in Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine
Vocabulary Attack to Hijack Large Language Model Applications
Creators: name: Levi, Patrick
name: Neumann, Christoph P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The fast advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are driving an increasing number of applications. Together with the growing number of users, we also see an increasing number of attackers who try to outsmart these systems. They want the model to reveal confidential information, specific false information, or offensive behavior. To this end, they manipulate their instructions for the LLM by inserting separators or rephrasing them systematically until they reach their goal. Our approach is different. It inserts words from the model vocabulary. We find these words using an optimization procedure and embeddings from another LLM (attacker LLM). We prove our approach by goal hijacking two popular open-source LLMs from the Llama2 and the Flan-T5 families, respectively. We present two main findings. First, our approach creates inconspicuous instructions and therefore it is hard to detect. For many attack cases, we find that even a single word insertion is sufficient. Second, we demonstrate that we can conduct our attack using a different model than the target model to conduct our attack with.
Emergent Paraparticles in Field-Encoded Quantum Materials
Creators: name: Nightingale, Alannah
name: the QU4NTUMQU33N™
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This work presents the first unified theoretical, symbolic-field, and material-based framework for the engineered emergence of paraparticles—quantum-symbolic entities that obey parastatistics beyond the standard Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac models. Through the Nightingale Equation and the NYX–UT0P14 operator expansion, we develop a curvature-aware Hamiltonian, establish symbolic field dynamics via an extended Lagrangian, and validate emergence through simulations of the V3NOM and A3OS quantum materials. This research initiates the field of Quantum Symbolic Material Engineering.* PLEASE NOTE: THE MATERIAL NAMED NYXIONIUM AND THE MATERIAL A3OS ARE IN FACT THE SAME MATERIALS. THE MATERIAL HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO RENAMING MORE SUITED TO ITS COMPOSITION AND IS NOW A3OS.
One-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_4$ topological superconductor
Creators: name: Tymczyszyn, Max
name: McCann, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the mean-field model of a one-dimensional topological superconductor with two orbitals per unit cell. Time-reversal symmetry is absent, but a nonsymmorphic symmetry, involving a translation by a fraction of the unit cell, mimics the role of time-reversal symmetry. As a result, the topological superconductor has $\mathbb{Z}_4$ topological phases, two which support Majorana bound states and two which do not, in agreement with a prediction based on K-theory classification [K. Shiozaki et al., Phys. Rev. B 93, 195413 (2016)]. As with the Kitaev chain, the presence of Majorana bound states gives rise to the $4π$-periodic Josephson effect. A random matrix with nonsymmorphic time-reversal symmetry may be block diagonalized, and every individual block has time-reversal symmetry described by one of the Gaussian orthogonal, unitary or symplectic ensembles. We show how this is manifested in the energy level statistics of a random system in the $\mathbb{Z}_4$ class as the spatial period of the nonsymmorphic symmetry is varied from much less than to of the order of the system size.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, plus supplementary 11 pages
title: The "Shui-Hu Chuan": A Study in the Development of Late Ming Woodblock Illustration.
Creators: name: Farrer, Anne Selina
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1984

description: This thesis is a study of late Ming woodblock illustrations of the Shui-hu theme, mainly covering the period 1580 to 1644. Its object is to identify and analyse the stylistic and pictorial elements of these illustrations and to trace their origins in woodblock and painting traditions. The Shui-hu chuan is a semi-historical novel in the vernacular, thought to have been compiled in the fourteenth century, which recounts the exploits of a group of bandits in Sung China. This book became extremely popular in the last seventy-five years of the Ming dynasty and different versions were issued by numerous publishers. During this period vernacular fiction in general was in considerable demand and the large number of editions of novels and plays produced were increasingly provided with illustrations. Late Ming woodblock illustration as a whole is too broad a subject for a preliminary study. The Shui-hu chuan material, as the largest and most varied group of illustrations associated with a fictional subject in this period, provides representatives of all major stylistic tendencies while preserving a thematic unity which greatly facilitates compositional study. The illustrative styles studied fall into five categories. The first category, described in this study as 'cartouche illustration' , is in the form of a pictorial strip across the top of the page. This style originated from Sung dynasty book illustration. By the sixteenth century it had degenerated to an assembly of simplified pictorial elements put together by unskilled artisans. For the second category the term 'large-figure illustration' has been used. These illustrations occupied a full single page. Their compositions were drawn from traditional woodblock styles and were dominated by large centrally- placed figures. The third and fourth categories are two different full page scenic styles produced between c. 1600 and c. 1644. They marked different stages in the assimilation of elements from the stylistic repertoire of painting into the pre-existing woodblock tradition, thus providing a new sophistication in the woodblock medium. The introduction of these new styles involved a substantial reduction in the scale of the figures to accommodate the new scenic elements. The last category consists of illustrations on playing cards. There are documentary records of playing cards illustrating Shui-hu characters from c. 1570, A set of highly distinctive and influential designs for such cards was made by the painter Ch'en Hung-shou in c. 1640, These designs were inspired by a variety of sources in woodblock illustration, painting and popular iconography. Although the end of the Ming dynasty marked a drastic fall in the quality of Chinese book illustration, the influence of Ch'en Hung-shou's original woodblock figure style continued to be in evidence through succeeding centuries.
Efficiency of dynamos from an autonomous generation of chiral asymmetry
Creators: name: Schober, Jennifer
name: Rogachevskii, Igor
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At high energies, the dynamics of a plasma with charged fermions can be described in terms of chiral magnetohydrodynamics. Using direct numerical simulations, we demonstrate that chiral magnetic waves (CMWs) can produce a chiral asymmetry $μ_5 = μ_\mathrm{L} - μ_\mathrm{R}$ from a spatially fluctuating (inhomogeneous) chemical potential $μ= μ_\mathrm{L} + μ_\mathrm{R}$, where $μ_\mathrm{L}$ and $μ_\mathrm{R}$ are the chemical potentials of left- and right-handed electrically charged fermions, respectively. If the frequency of the CMW is less than or comparable to the characteristic growth rate of the chiral dynamo instability, the magnetic field can be amplified on small spatial scales. The growth rate of this small-scale chiral dynamo instability is determined by the spatial maximum value of $μ_5$ fluctuations. Therefore, the magnetic field amplification occurs during periods when $μ_5$ reaches temporal maxima during the CMW. If the small-scale chiral dynamo instability leads to a magnetic field strength that exceeds a critical value, which depends on the resistivity and the initial value of $μ$, magnetically dominated turbulence is produced. Turbulence gives rise to a large-scale dynamo instability, which we find to be caused by the magnetic alpha effect. Our results have consequences for the dynamics of certain high-energy plasmas, such as the early Universe.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, PRD (in press)
Story Map - Living Water: River, Land and Sea Country of the West Kimberley
Creators: name: Carracher, Lachie
name: RiverOfLife, Martuwarra
name: Traditional Owners, West Kimberley
name: Poelina, Anne
name: Ouzman, S
name: Coles Smith, Mark
name: Bool, Ian
name: Pérez-Hämmerle, Katharina-Victoria
name: Ward, Charlotte
name: Torres, Petris
name: Wilinggin Aboriginal Corporation
name: Mayala Inninalang Aboriginal Corporation
name: Hawke, S
name: Williams, John
name: George, Annette
name: Long, John
name: O'Leary, Mick
name: Pusey, Brad
name: Robinson, Nick
name: Vokes, Richard
name: State Library Western Australia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 360504
subject: Interactive media

description: Interactive online Story Map about the Martuwarra Fitroy River, Culture and Catchment
title: White Ash and Black Coal: The Perception of Race in Modern China 1793-1949.
Creators: name: Dikotter, Frank
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1990

description: Race relations have often been considered a major problem of modern societies. In history, however, research on race relations and racial theories has been almost exclusively centred upon the Western-related facets of the problem: it is assumed that racism can only be a white phenomenon under which other people, lumped together under the heading "coloured", had to suffer. The narrow focus of such historical research, which can be explained by the vivid sense of guilt of modern Western society and by a still dominant feeling of eurocentrism, has distorted our comprehension of racial matters in non- Western countries. In China, the notion of "race" appeared at the end of the nineteenth century and was considered a vital problem by most intellectuals. Though the importance of such concern has been recognized by several historians, it has been hastily ascribed to either Chinese "xenophobia", a concept rarely defined, or to the effects of "social Darwinism", an equally vague term. The first chapter of this thesis presents the historical background of Chinese racial theories. It introduces a broad spectrum of material pertaining to the traditional attitudes toward skin colour, the social perception of physical differences, the concept of the "barbarians", environmental determinism, and geographical notions. It also reviews the main ethnocentric theories, including anti-Buddhism of the fourth and fifth centuries, Song loyalism and anti-Manchu thought. The second chapter covers the period ranging from 1793 to the Sino-Japanese War of 1895. It briefly analyzes the formation and composition of racial stereotypes, which arose as a result of ethnic contacts in the ports open to foreigners. The next chapter discusses the reformers' perception of race (1895-1902). It focuses mainly on the works of Liang Qichao, Tang Caichang and Kang Youwei, but also considers other writers who were preoccupied with the idea of race. Chapter four is constructed around the idea of race as nation, which appeared in China around 1902. It studies the conceptual link between racial theories and the emergence of the nation-state concept. Chapter five is centred on the perception of race as species: how did the Chinese explain the origin of their own "race"; how was the idea of racial evolution handled; how were foreign races treated in anthropological works; how were racial differences explained? The last chapter covers the same period as chapter five (1915-1949), but is devoted exclusively to eugenics, the pseudo-science of race improvement. The popularity of eugenics in the 1930s reflected anxiety about the nation's racial health: intellectuals were tormented by the idea of racial degeneration in the face of foreign aggression. An epilogue briefly discusses the perception of race after 1949.
TDANet: Target-Directed Attention Network For Object-Goal Visual Navigation With Zero-Shot Ability
Creators: name: Lian, Shiwei
name: Zhang, Feitian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The generalization of the end-to-end deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for object-goal visual navigation is a long-standing challenge since object classes and placements vary in new test environments. Learning domain-independent visual representation is critical for enabling the trained DRL agent with the ability to generalize to unseen scenes and objects. In this letter, a target-directed attention network (TDANet) is proposed to learn the end-to-end object-goal visual navigation policy with zero-shot ability. TDANet features a novel target attention (TA) module that learns both the spatial and semantic relationships among objects to help TDANet focus on the most relevant observed objects to the target. With the Siamese architecture (SA) design, TDANet distinguishes the difference between the current and target states and generates the domain-independent visual representation. To evaluate the navigation performance of TDANet, extensive experiments are conducted in the AI2-THOR embodied AI environment. The simulation results demonstrate a strong generalization ability of TDANet to unseen scenes and target objects, with higher navigation success rate (SR) and success weighted by length (SPL) than other state-of-the-art models. TDANet is finally deployed on a wheeled robot in real scenes, demonstrating satisfactory generalization of TDANet to the real world.
Interlayer Pairing Induced Partially Gapped Fermi Surface in Trilayer La$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$ Superconductors
Creators: name: Huang, Junkang
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the superconducting pairing mechanisms in the trilayer $\mathrm{La}_4\mathrm{Ni}_3\mathrm{O}_{10}$ material through self-consistent mean-field calculations. Our findings demonstrate that intralayer pairings are substantially weaker compared to interlayer ones. Remarkably, in the state characterized by interlayer pairing, we detect the presence of partially gapped Fermi surfaces, a fascinating occurrence attributable to the disparity between the inner and outer conducting layers of $\mathrm{La}_4\mathrm{Ni}_3\mathrm{O}_{10}$. Moreover, this study provides valuable insights into the lower superconducting transition temperatures observed in $\mathrm{La}_4\mathrm{Ni}_3\mathrm{O}_{10}$ compounds. This contributes to a deeper understanding of its distinct superconducting attributes.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures