cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A new resummation scheme in scalar field theories
Creators: name: Fu, Wei-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new resummation scheme in scalar field theories is proposed by combining parquet resummation techniques and flow equations, which is characterized by a hierarchy structure of the Bethe--Salpeter (BS) equations. The new resummation scheme greatly improves on the approximations for the BS kernel. Resummation of the BS kernel in the $t$ and $u$ channels to infinite order is equivalent to truncate the effective action to infinite order. Our approximation approaches ensure that the theory can be renormalized, which is very important for numerical calculations. Two-point function can also be obtained from the four-point one through flow evolution equations resulting from the functional renormalization group. BS equations of different hierarchies and the flow evolution equation for the propagator constitute a closed self-consistent system, which can be solved completely.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. v2: title changed, one figure added, final version in Eur. Phys. J. C
Influenza A matrix protein M1 induces lipid membrane deformation via protein multimerization
Creators: name: Dahmani, Ismail
name: Ludwig, Kai
name: Chiantia, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Influenza A virus
subject: protein multimerization
subject: lipid membrane deformation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::547 Organische Chemie

description: The matrix protein M1 of the Influenza A virus (IAV) is supposed to mediate viral assembly and budding at the plasma membrane (PM) of infected cells. In order for a new viral particle to form, the PM lipid bilayer has to bend into a vesicle toward the extracellular side. Studies in cellular models have proposed that different viral proteins might be responsible for inducing membrane curvature in this context (including M1), but a clear consensus has not been reached. In the present study, we use a combination of fluorescence microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) to investigate M1-induced membrane deformation in biophysical models of the PM. Our results indicate that M1 is indeed able to cause membrane curvature in lipid bilayers containing negatively charged lipids, in the absence of other viral components. Furthermore, we prove that protein binding is not sufficient to induce membrane restructuring. Rather, it appears that stable M1–M1 interactions and multimer formation are required in order to alter the bilayer three-dimensional structure, through the formation of a protein scaffold. Finally, our results suggest that, in a physiological context, M1-induced membrane deformation might be modulated by the initial bilayer curvature and the lateral organization of membrane components (i.e. the presence of lipid domains).
Immediate effects of a very brief planning intervention on fruit and vegetable consumption: A randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Domke, Antonia
name: Keller, Jan
name: Heuse, Silke
name: Wiedemann, Amelie U.
name: Lorbeer, Noemi
name: Knoll, Nina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: action planning
subject: ecological momentary assessment
subject: fruit and vegetables
subject: nutrition
subject: randomized controlled trial
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Action planning interventions can effectively promote fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, but not much is known about the day-to-day translation of intervention planning into action. In this randomized controlled trial, immediate intervention effects of a very brief planning intervention on FV consumption during the following 13 days were investigated. After a 13-day pre-intervention diary, N = 206 participants (aged 19-66 years) were randomly allocated to a waiting-list control condition or a planning condition, where they formed one FV plan. Participants from both conditions completed a 13-day post-intervention diary. Self-reported daily FV consumption, FV-specific self-efficacy, and action control were assessed. Segmented linear mixed models estimating a discrete change (i.e. "jump") between diary phases showed a positive "jump" of FV intake and self-efficacy in the planning condition when compared to the control condition. For action control, such effects were not observed. Changes in study variables throughout the post-intervention phase did not differ between both conditions. Present findings extend previous evidence on action planning interventions by showing that increases in self-regulatory (i.e. self-efficacy) and behavioral (i.e. FV intake) outcomes can occur very rapidly and already on the first day for which behavioral increases were planned.
Spectra of Open-Shell Nuclei with Padé-Resummed Degenerate Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Langhammer, Joachim
name: Roth, Robert
name: Stumpf, Christina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply degenerate many-body perturbation theory at high orders for the ab-initio description of ground states and excitation spectra of open-shell nuclei using soft realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions. We derive a recursive formulation of standard degenerate many-body perturbation theory that enables us to evaluate order-by-order perturbative energy and state corrections up to the 30th order. We study 6,7-Li as test cases using a similarity renormalization group (SRG) evolved nucleon-nucleon interaction from chiral effective field theory. The simple perturbation series exhibits a strong, often oscillatory divergence, as was observed previously for ground states of closed-shell nuclei. Even for very soft interactions resulting from SRG evolutions up to large flow parameter, i.e. low momentum scales, the perturbation series still diverges. However, a resummation of the perturbation series via Padé approximants yields very stable and converged ground and excited-state energies in very good agreement with exact no-core shell-model calculations for the same model space.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; minor changes to match published version
CT images and 3D virtual models of Entelognathus primordialis (IVPP V32322 and V32323.5)
Creators: name: Cui, Xindong
name: Friedman, Matt
name: Yu, Yilun
name: Zhu, Youan
name: Zhu, Min
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 370506
subject: Palaeontology (incl. palynology)

description: This project contains CT images and 3D models of Entelognathus primordialis (IVPP V32322 and V32323.5) for Cui et al., 2023 manuscript 'Bony-fish-like scales in a Silurian maxillate placoderm' published in Nature Communications.Cui, X., Friedman, M., Yu, Y. et al. Bony-fish-like scales in a Silurian maxillate placoderm. Nat Commun 14, 7622 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43557-9
ChromID® CARBA Agar Fails to Detect Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae With Slightly Reduced Susceptibility to Carbapenems
Creators: name: Pauly, Natalie
name: Hammerl, Jens A.
name: Grobbel, Mirjam
name: Tenhagen, Bernd-Alois
name: Käsbohrer, Annemarie
name: Bisenius, Sandra
name: Fuchs, Jannika
name: Horlacher, Sabine
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Meemken, Diana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: carbapenemase
subject: isolation
subject: media
subject: specificity
subject: sensitivity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: After first detections of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in animals, the European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance has provided a protocol for the isolation of carbapenemase-producingEscherichia(E.)colifrom cecum content and meat. Up to now, only few isolates were recovered using this procedure. In our experience, the choice of the selective agar is important for the efficacy of the method. Currently, the use of the prevailing method fails to detect CPE that exhibit a low resistance against carbapenems. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the suitability of selective media with antibiotic supplements and commercial ChromID(R)CARBA agar for a reliable CPE detection. For comparative investigations, detection of freeze-dried carbapenemase-resistant bacteria was studied on different batches of the ChromID(R)CARBA agar as well as on MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime and 0.125 mg/L meropenem (McC+CTX+MEM). The suitability of the different media was assessed within a time of 25 weeks, starting at least six weeks before expiration of the media. Carbapenem-resistant isolates exhibiting a serine-based hydrolytic resistance mechanism (e.g.,bla(KPC)genes) were consistently detected over 25 weeks on the different media. In contrast, carbapenemase producers with only slightly reduced susceptibility and exhibiting a zinc-catalyzed activity (e.g.,bla(VIM),bla(NDM), andbla(IMP)) could only be cultivated on long-time expired ChromID(R)CARBA, but within the whole test period on McC+CTX+MEM. Thus, ChromID(R)CARBA agar appears to be not suitable for the detection of CPE with slightly increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against carbapenems, which have been detected in German livestock and thus, are of main interest in the national monitoring programs. Our data are in concordance with the results of eleven state laboratories that had participated in this study with their ChromID(R)CARBA batches routinely used for the German CPE monitoring. Based on the determined CPE detection rate, we recommend the use of McC+CTX+MEM for monitoring purposes. This study indicates that the use of ChromID(R)CARBA agar might lead to an underestimation of the current CPE occurrence in food and livestock samples.
Classification and stability of vacua in maximal gauged supergravity
Creators: name: Kodama, Hideo
name: Nozawa, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a systematic study of critical points for the SL(8, R)-type gauging in four dimensional maximal gauged supergravity. We determine all the possible vacua for which the origin of the moduli space becomes a critical point. We formulate a new tool which enables us to find analytically the mass spectrum of the corresponding vacua in terms of eigenvalues of the embedding tensor. When the cosmological constant is nonvanishing, it turns out that many vacua obtained by the dyonic embedding admit a single deformation parameter of the theory, in agreement with the results of the recent paper by Dall'Agata, Inverso and Trigiante [arXiv:1209.0760]. Nevertheless, it is shown that the resulting mass spectrum is independent of the deformation parameter and can be classified according to the unbroken gauge symmetry at the vacua, rather than the underlying gauging. We also show that the generic Minkowski vacua exhibit instability.
description: 26 pages, 2 tables; v2: improved arguments on vacuum classification, typos corrected; v3: final version to appear in JHEP
Integrating Taverna Player Into Scratchpads
Creators: name: Haines, Robert
name: Rycroft, Simon
name: Smith, Vince
name: Goble, Carole
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: workflows
Taverna
Scratchpads
BioVeL
ViBRANT
VRE

description: Scratchpads, developed as part of the ViBRANT project, are an online virtual research environment for biodiversity, allowing anyone to share their data and create their own research networks. Sites are hosted at the Natural History Museum London, and offered freely to any scientist.

Sites can focus on specific taxonomic groups, or the biodiversity of a biogeographic region, or indeed any aspect of natural history. Scratchpads are also suitable for societies or for managing and presenting projects. Key features of Scratchpads include: tools to manage biological classifications, bibliography management, media (images, video and audio), rich taxon pages (with structured descriptions, specimen records, and distribution data), and character matrices. Scratchpads support various ways of communicating with site members and visitors such as blogs, forums, newsletters and a commenting system. There are currently 568 Scratchpads with 6,759 active users.

Taverna Player, developed as part of the BioVeL project, enables the running of a workflow within a Ruby-on-rails application. Taverna Player has a REST API that allows inputs to the workflow to be specified, a run to be started and monitored, and the resultant outputs to be retrieved. Any interactions the workflow includes are presented to the user for them to complete. Taverna Player has been released in the RubyGems registry and is used within the BioVeL Portal to run a wide range of biodiversity workflows.

As part of a collaboration between BioVeL and ViBRANT, Taverna Player has been integrated into Scratchpads in two ways. Firstly, workflows can be embedded in a page in the same way a video from YouTube would be embedded; the workflow itself is running on the BioVeL Portal but all set up and interaction is done in the embedded widget within the Scratchpads site. Secondly, the Scratchpads can use the Taverna Player REST API directly; this allows workflows to be run with a higher degree of control and results to be ingested back into the Scratchpads for further analysis. In both cases data can be automatically injected into the workflow run from the host Scratchpads site.

Security is handled at the individual Scratchpads level; each Scratchpads site has its own credentials to access the BioVeL Portal and run workflows. This allows the community within a Scratchpads site to create and share workflow runs that all members have access to by default while preserving privacy if required.
Messenger RNA Expression of Selected Factors at Different Sites of the Bovine Endometrium Associated With Uterine Health
Creators: name: Pothmann, Harald
name: Flick, Paula
name: Tichy, Alexander
name: Gabler, Christoph
name: Drillich, Marc
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: mRNA
subject: pro-inflammatory factors
subject: uterine health
subject: endometrium
subject: cows
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Recent studies have elucidated the role of several pro-inflammatory factors as mediators of inflammatory processes in the bovine endometrium. Only few studies, however, have analyzed samples collected from different regions of the uterus of the same animal. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that on a molecular level, clinical endometritis is characterized by inflammatory responses spread over the entire endometrium. Furthermore, we assume that subclinical endometritis is described by an inflammation of local regions of the uterus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the mRNA expression of uterus-associated pro-inflammatory factors at five pre-defined endometrial sites, i.e., corpus uteri, left horn base, left horn tip, right horn base, and right horn tip, in cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis and in healthy controls. We analyzed the mRNA expression of interleukin 1 alpha, interleukin 1 beta, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C, carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1, and mucin 4 and 16. Based on vaginoscopy and endometrial cytology (>= 5% polymorphonuclear neutrophils) between 28 to 34 days in milk, 18 Simmental cows were categorized in clinical endometritis group (n = 7), subclinical endometritis group (n = 4), and healthy group (n = 7). In general, the analyses revealed a great variation of mRNA expression between sites and animals. Differences were found between different uterine health statuses, but the variation between the sampling sites within the groups was not significant (P > 0.05). This indicates that inflammatory processes at the end of the postpartum period can be regarded as multi-focal or spread throughout the uterus independent from the uterine health status.
Accelerated Canonical Polyadic Decomposition by Using Mode Reduction
Creators: name: Zhou, Guoxu
name: Cichocki, Andrzej
name: Xie, Shengli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Canonical Polyadic (or CANDECOMP/PARAFAC, CP) decompositions (CPD) are widely applied to analyze high order tensors. Existing CPD methods use alternating least square (ALS) iterations and hence need to unfold tensors to each of the $N$ modes frequently, which is one major bottleneck of efficiency for large-scale data and especially when $N$ is large. To overcome this problem, in this paper we proposed a new CPD method which converts the original $N$th ($N>3$) order tensor to a 3rd-order tensor first. Then the full CPD is realized by decomposing this mode reduced tensor followed by a Khatri-Rao product projection procedure. This way is quite efficient as unfolding to each of the $N$ modes are avoided, and dimensionality reduction can also be easily incorporated to further improve the efficiency. We show that, under mild conditions, any $N$th-order CPD can be converted into a 3rd-order case but without destroying the essential uniqueness, and theoretically gives the same results as direct $N$-way CPD methods. Simulations show that, compared with state-of-the-art CPD methods, the proposed method is more efficient and escape from local solutions more easily.
description: 12 pages. Accepted by TNNLS
Statistical description of small quantum systems beyond weak-coupling limit
Creators: name: Wang, Wen-ge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit expression is derived for the statistical description of small quantum systems, which are relatively-weakly and directly coupled to only small parts of their environments. The derived expression has a canonical form, but is given by a renormalized self-Hamiltonian of the studied system, which appropriately takes into account the influence of the system-environment interaction. In the case that the system has a narrow spectrum and the environment is sufficiently large, the modification to the self-Hamiltonian usually has a mean-field feature, given by an environmental average of the interaction Hamiltonian. In other cases, the modification may be beyond the mean-field approximation.
description: 9 pages, published version
Quantum Field Theories in Spaces with Neutral Signatures
Creators: name: Pavšič, Matej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that quantum field theories based on the concept of Clifford space and Clifford algebra valued-fields involve both positive and negative energies. This is a consequence of the indefinite signature (p,q) of the Clifford space. When the signature is neutral, p=q, then vacuum energy vanishes and there is no cosmological constant problem. A question of the stability of such theories in the presence of interactions arises. We investigate a toy model of the harmonic oscillator in the space $M_{1,1}$. We have found that in the presence of certain interactions the amplitude of oscillations can remain finite. In general this is not the case and the amplitude grows to infinity, but only when the two frequencies are exactly the same. When they are even slightly different, the amplitude remains finite and the system is stable. We show how such oscillator comes from the Stueckelberg action in curved space, and how it can be generalized to field theories.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures; Corrected typos, added references, improved picture labeling
Enumeration of Linear Transformation Shift Registers
Creators: name: Ram, Samrith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of counting the number of linear transformation shift registers (TSRs) of a given order over a finite field. We derive explicit formulae for the number of irreducible TSRs of order two. An interesting connection between TSRs and self-reciprocal polynomials is outlined. We use this connection and our results on TSRs to deduce a theorem of Carlitz on the number of self-reciprocal irreducible monic polynomials of a given degree over a finite field.
description: 16 pages
Neuerwerbungen der städtischen Sammlungen Augsburg 1947-1950
Creators: name: Lieb, Norbert
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2019

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 3 Nr. 10 (1950): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Asymmetric dimethylarginine–A potential cardiac biomarker in horses
Creators: name: Ertelt, Antonia
name: Stumpff, Friederike
name: Merle, Roswitha
name: Kuban, Selina
name: Bollinger, Lena
name: Liertz, Sarah
name: Gehlen, Heidrun
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cardiac disease
subject: Valve regurgitation
subject: Arrhythmia
subject: Symmetric dimethylarginine
subject: Reference values
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Introduction/objectives Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a cardiac biomarker in humans, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) a renal biomarker in humans, cats, and dogs. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate if measuring serum ADMA and SDMA concentrations via ELISA allows detection of cardiac disease in horses in a routine laboratory setting. In this context, reference values in horses were established. Animals, materials, and methods Seventy-eight horses with no known medical history were compared to 23 horses with confirmed structural cardiac disease with/or without arrhythmias. Horses underwent physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography and venous blood sampling and were staged based on the severity of cardiac disease from 0 to II. Asymmetric dimethylarginine and SDMA were measured via ELISA and crosschecked using liquid chromatograph triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Reference intervals with 90th percent confidence intervals were evaluated and standard software was used to test for significant differences in ADMA, SDMA, and the l-arginine/ADMA ratio between groups. Results The reference ranges were 1.7–3.8 μmol/L and 0.3–0.8 μmol/L for ADMA and SDMA, respectively. Serum ADMA was higher in horses with heart disease compared to healthy horses (p < 0.01) and highest in horses with stage II heart disease (p = 0.02). The l-Arginine/ADMA ratio was significantly higher in healthy animals than those with cardiac disease (p = 0.001). Conclusions Reference values for serum ADMA and SDMA using ELISA methods are presented in horses. This study confirms the association between heart disease and increased serum ADMA concentration as well as a decreased l-Arginine/ADMA ratio in horses.
Acnp And Nilde :  Essential Tools For Access To Scientific Research
Creators: name: Brunetti, Francesca
name: Bonora, Orietta
name: Filippucci, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Document Delivery ; Union serials catalogue ; Astronomy

description: ACNP (The Italian Union Serial Catalogue), containing  more than 190,000 journals in various disciplines, and NILDE (Network Inter Library Document  Exchange), an online service that facilitates more than 800 libraries  to request and supply documents in a reciprocal manner, are two services based on similar management models linked with their users.

ACNP and NILDE and their user communities in cooperation form the most important network for Italian libraries to share resources, services and professional practices and this represents a cooperation system working for the real access to scientific information which is hampered by high costs and restrictive policies.

The present talk illustrates both communities, focusing attention on the informational needs of the astronomical community.
Estimating computational limits on theoretical descriptions of biological cells
Creators: name: Netz, Roland R.
name: Eaton, William A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: biological uncertainty principle
subject: biological complexity
subject: computational limits
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: There has been much success recently in theoretically simulating parts of complex biological systems on the molecular level, with the goal of first-principles modeling of whole cells. However, there is the question of whether such simulations can be performed because of the enormous complexity of cells. We establish approximate equations to estimate computation times required to simulate highly simplified models of cells by either molecular dynamics calculations or by solving molecular kinetic equations. Our equations place limits on the complexity of cells that can be theoretically understood with these two methods and provide a first step in developing what can be considered biological uncertainty relations for molecular models of cells. While a molecular kinetics description of the genetically simplest bacterial cell may indeed soon be possible, neither theoretical description for a multicellular system, such as the human brain, will be possible for many decades and may never be possible even with quantum computing.
Rieth, Adolf: 5000 Jahre Töpferscheibe
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Rieth, Adolf: 5000 Jahre Töpferscheibe. Konstanz (Jan Thor- becke Verlag) 1960. 96 Seiten mit 140 Abb. Leinen
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 29 (1960): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Counterterrorism Policy in the Russian Federation: Furthering the Needs of the Regime
Creators: name: Mahon, Anastassiya
name: Walker, Scott
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2023
Subjects: Russia, terrorism, counterterrorism, illiberal regimes, Putin.

description: In the wake of the September 11 attacks in 2001, countries were encouraged to enact domestic legislative changes as part of the Global War on Terror. However, it has been left to the countries themselves to define ‘terrorism’ and ‘terrorist activities’. In this manuscript, we illustrate how liberal democracies and illiberal regimes may have very different understandings of the proper use of domestic counterterrorism (CT) policies. We argue that illiberal states, such as Russia, will likely use CT policy to enhance the ruling regime’s goals in ways that liberal states would not. We focus on the critical changes in Russia’s CT policy under Putin and demonstrate how Putin-era Russian CT policies have been used indirectly (i.e., in ways that are not explicitly focused on eliminating terrorist threats) to advance the Kremlin’s desire to suppress domestic opposition and enhance its political standing both at home and abroad.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 15, No 1 (2023)
Systematic Hydrogen‐Bond Manipulations To Establish Polysaccharide Structure–Property Correlations
Creators: name: Yu, Yang
name: Tyrikos-Ergas, Theodore
name: Zhu, Yuntao
name: Fittolani, Giulio
name: Bordoni, Vittorio
name: Singhal, Ankush
name: Fair, Richard J.
name: Grafmüller, Andrea
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
name: Delbianco, Martina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: automated glycan assembly
subject: carbohydrates
subject: hydrogen bonds
subject: molecular dynamics
subject: structure–property correlations
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: A dense hydrogen‐bond network is responsible for the mechanical and structural properties of polysaccharides. Random derivatization alters the properties of the bulk material by disrupting the hydrogen bonds, but obstructs detailed structure–function correlations. We have prepared well‐defined unnatural oligosaccharides including methylated, deoxygenated, deoxyfluorinated, as well as carboxymethylated cellulose and chitin analogues with full control over the degree and pattern of substitution. Molecular dynamics simulations and crystallographic analysis show how distinct hydrogen‐bond modifications drastically affect the solubility, aggregation behavior, and crystallinity of carbohydrate materials. This systematic approach to establishing detailed structure–property correlations will guide the synthesis of novel, tailor‐made carbohydrate materials.
Bandi, Hans-Georg; Breuil, Henri; Berger-Kirchner, Lilo; Lhote, Henri; Holm, Erik und Lommel, Andreas: Die Steinzeit
Creators: name: Narr, Karl J.
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Bandi, Hans-Georg; Breuil, Henri; Berger-Kirchner, Lilo; Lhote, Henri; Holm, Erik und Lommel, Andreas: Die Steinzeit. Vierzigtausend Jahre Felsbilder. (Kunst der Welt; Erste Serie: Die außereuropäischen Kulturen). Baden-Baden 1960: Holle-Verlag. 299 Seit. m. 103 Abb. u. 9 Übersichtskarten im Text, sowie 60 Farbaufnahmen
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 31 (1962): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Cooling a single atom in an optical tweezer to its quantum ground state
Creators: name: Kaufman, Adam M.
name: Lester, Brian J.
name: Regal, Cindy A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report cooling of a single neutral atom to its three-dimensional vibrational ground state in an optical tweezer. After employing Raman sideband cooling for tens of milliseconds, we measure via sideband spectroscopy a three-dimensional ground-state occupation of ~90%. We further observe coherent control of the spin and motional state of the trapped atom. Our demonstration shows that an optical tweezer, formed simply by a tightly focused beam of light, creates sufficient confinement for efficient sideband cooling. This source of ground-state neutral atoms will be instrumental in numerous quantum simulation and logic applications that require a versatile platform for storing and manipulating ultracold single neutral atoms. For example, these results will improve current optical tweezer experiments studying atom-photon coupling and Rydberg quantum logic gates, and could provide new opportunities such as rapid production of single dipolar molecules or quantum simulation in tweezer arrays.
description: Updated intro, title
Immunity-related GTPase induces lipophagy to prevent excess hepatic lipid accumulation
Creators: name: Schwerbel, Kristin
name: Kamitz, Anne
name: Krahmer, Natalie
name: Hallahan, Nicole
name: Jähnert, Markus
name: Gottmann, Pascal
name: Lebek, Sandra
name: Schallschmidt, Tanja
name: Haltenhof, Tom
name: Heyd, Florian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fatty liver
subject: Positional cloning
subject: Immunity-related GTPases
subject: miRNA
subject: NAFLD
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background & Aims: Currently, only a few genetic variants explain the heritability of fatty liver disease. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of mouse strains has identified the susceptibility locus Ltg/NZO (liver triglycerides from New Zealand obese [NZO] alleles) on chromosome 18 as associating with increased hepatic triglycerides. Herein, we aimed to identify genomic variants responsible for this association. Methods: Recombinant congenic mice carrying 5.3 Mbp of Ltg/NZO were fed a high-fat diet and characterized for liver fat. Bioinformatic analysis, mRNA profiles and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed to identify genes responsible for the Ltg/NZO phenotype. Candidate genes were manipulated in vivo by injecting specific microRNAs into C57BL/6 mice. Pulldown coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomics and immunoprecipitation were performed to identify interaction partners of IFGGA2. Results: Through positional cloning, we identified 2 immunity-related GTPases (Ifgga2, Ifgga4) that prevent hepatic lipid storage. Expression of both murine genes and the human orthologue IRGM was significantly lower in fatty livers. Accordingly, liver-specific suppression of either Ifgga2 or Ifgga4 led to a 3-4-fold greater increase in hepatic fat content. In the liver of low-fat diet-fed mice, IFGGA2 localized to endosomest/ysosomes, while on a high-fat diet it associated with lipid droplets. Pulldown experiments and proteomics identified the lipase ATGL as a binding partner of IFGGA2 which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Both proteins partially co-localized with the autophagic marker LC3B. Ifgga2 suppression in hepatocytes reduced the amount of LC3B-II, whereas overexpression of Ifgga2 increased the association of LC3B with lipid droplets and decreased triglyceride storage. Conclusion: IFGGA2 interacts with ATGL and protects against hepatic steatosis, most likely by enhancing the binding of LC3B to lipid droplets. Lay summary: The genetic basis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remains incompletely defined. Herein, we identified members of the immunity-related GTPase family in mice and humans that act as regulators of hepatic fat accumulation, with links to autophagy. Overexpression of the gene Ifgga2 was shown to reduce hepatic lipid storage and could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of fatty liver disease.
Entanglement of the Formal and Informal in Everyday Surrogacy Negotiations: The Case of Georgia
Creators: name: Darchiashvili, Mariam
name: Gavashelishvili, Elene
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2023
Subjects: surrogacy agencies, fertility clinics, informality, self-regulation, Georgia.

description: With surrogacy-friendly legislation and relatively affordable reproductive services, Georgia has become one of the centres of surrogacy worldwide. Despite the legality of surrogacy, the scarcity of legislation leaves this field largely unregulated. Georgian law regulates only the preand post-procedural periods of surrogacy, and the surrogacy process is almost entirely omitted from the legal framework. In this article, we explore how surrogacy is regulated and managed in everyday life in Georgia. A closer examination shows that to manage the process efficiently, agencies and clinics create their own fluid regulations that, on the one hand, are based on global guidelines but, on the other hand, reflect the shared norms relevant in the Georgian context. The paper is largely based on a study of surrogacy clinics and agencies in Tbilisi and Batumi during 2020 and 2022. Our study revealed the sizeable role informalities have in everyday surrogacy negotiations. Moreover, these informalities are not separate but entngled with formal regulations and institutions. We explored the complementary, compensating, and enabling character of informalities for formalities both at the institutional (agencies and clinics) and the individual level (intended parents and surrogate women).
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 15, No 1 (2023)
Optimal Information-Theoretic Wireless Location Verification
Creators: name: Yan, Shihao
name: Malaney, Robert
name: Nevat, Ido
name: Peters, Gareth W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a new Location Verification System (LVS) focussed on network-based Intelligent Transport Systems and vehicular ad hoc networks. The algorithm we develop is based on an information-theoretic framework which uses the received signal strength (RSS) from a network of base-stations and the claimed position. Based on this information we derive the optimal decision regarding the verification of the user's location. Our algorithm is optimal in the sense of maximizing the mutual information between its input and output data. Our approach is based on the practical scenario in which a non-colluding malicious user some distance from a highway optimally boosts his transmit power in an attempt to fool the LVS that he is on the highway. We develop a practical threat model for this attack scenario, and investigate in detail the performance of the LVS in terms of its input/output mutual information. We show how our LVS decision rule can be implemented straightforwardly with a performance that delivers near-optimality under realistic threat conditions, with information-theoretic optimality approached as the malicious user moves further from the highway. The practical advantages our new information-theoretic scheme delivers relative to more traditional Bayesian verification frameworks are discussed.
description: Corrected typos and introduced new threat models
Lost in the Transitions of Lebanon’s Second Republic: The Political Economy of (Un)governable Institutions, Practices and Crises
Creators: name: Helou, Joseph P.
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2023
Subjects: sectarianism, informality, governance, Giddens, structuration, Taif Accords, Doha Accords, 17 October 2019 Uprising.

description: This article employs Giddens’ theory of structuration to identify why the practices of powersharing among the political elite in the context of post-war settings can spawn inflection points that divert the political process off course and incubate avenues for other transitions. It aims to explain how elite power sharing fragmented governance in Lebanon’s sectarian system, while incubating disagreements that necessitated further transitions. It highlights three transitions in post-war Lebanon: (A) the post-Taif process (1990–2005), (B) the post-2005 transition following the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon (2005–2019) and (C) the post-October 17 2019 transition. It finds that the reinforcement of elite practices of power sharing, patron-client networks and the apportionment of Lebanon’s political economy across the aforementioned phases have depleted state resources, which resulted in the sovereign debt crisis of 2020. It shows that the lack of national resources will most likely make Lebanese elites more eager to play a larger role in the informal sector, thus surviving on the resources of individuals.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 15, No 1 (2023)
Schlenther, Ursula: Brandbestattung und Seelenglauben
Creators: name: Smolla, G.
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Schlenther, Ursula: Brandbestattung und Seelenglauben. Verbreitung und Ursachen der Leichenverbrennung bei außereuropäischen Völkern. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. Berlin 1960
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 31 (1962): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites as a measure of adrenocortical activity in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
Creators: name: Hein, Anna
name: Palme, Rupert
name: Baumgartner, Katrin
name: Fersen, Lorenzo Von
name: Woelfing, Benno
name: Greenwood, Alex D.
name: Bechshoft, Thea
name: Siebert, Ursula
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: biological validation
subject: EIA
subject: faecal glucocorticoid metabolites
subject: non-invasive HPA axis assessment
subject: stress
subject: Ursusmaritimus
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::590 Tiere (Zoologie)::590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Analysis of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) is frequently applied to assess adrenocortical activity in animal conservation and welfare studies. Faecal sample collection is non-invasive and feasible under field conditions. FGM levels are also less prone to circadian rhythms, episodic fluctuations and short acute stressors than glucocorticoid (GC) levels obtained from other matrices, for example blood or saliva. To investigate the suitability of FGM measurement in polar bears (Ursus maritimus), a species listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), a cortisol enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was biologically validated by demonstrating a significant increase in FGMs after five zoo-to-zoo transports. In addition to validating the method, the study also documented an average delay of 7 h until the first occurrence of food colorants in the monitored polar bears, which provides essential information for future studies. After validation, the assay was applied to measure FGM concentrations of five polar bears over a 1-year period. Several pre-defined potentially stressful events were recorded in an event log to measure their effect on FGM concentrations. A mixed model analysis revealed significant increases in FGM concentrations after social tension and environmental changes, whereas season and sex had no significant effect. The study demonstrates that the applied cortisol EIA is suitable for measuring FGM levels in polar bears and that using a carefully validated assay for FGM analysis in combination with a detailed sampling protocol can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating mid- to long-term stress in polar bears. FGM levels can be used to monitor stress in captive polar bears in order to optimize housing conditions but also to elucidate stress responses in wild populations for targeted conservation measures.
XXZ spin-1/2 representation of a finite-U Bose-Hubbard chain at half-integer filling
Creators: name: Giuliano, Domenico
name: Rossini, Davide
name: Sodano, Pasquale
name: Trombettoni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a similarity Hamiltonian renormalization procedure, we determine an effective spin-1/2 representation of the Bose-Hubbard model at half-integer filling and at a finite on-site interaction energy U. By means of bosonization, we are able to recast the effective Hamiltonian as that of a spin-1/2 XXZ magnetic chain with pertinently renormalized coupling and anisotropy parameters. We use this mapping to provide analytical estimates of the correlation functions of the Bose-Hubbard model. We then compare such results with those based on DMRG numerical simulations of the Bose-Hubbard model for various values of U and for a number L of lattice sites as low as L ~ 30. We find an excellent agreement up to 10% between the output of analytical and numerical computations, even for relatively small values of U. Our analysis implies that, also at finite U, the 1D Bose-Hubbard model with suitably chosen parameters may be seen as a quantum simulator of the XXZ chain.
description: 17 pages, 12 .eps figures
Long rDNA amplicon sequencing of insect-infecting nephridiophagids reveals their affiliation to the Chytridiomycota and a potential to switch between hosts
Creators: name: Strassert, Jürgen F. H.
name: Wurzbacher, Christian
name: Herve, Vincent
name: Antany, Taraha
name: Brune, Andreas
name: Radek, Renate
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolution
subject: Microbiology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Nephridiophagids are unicellular eukaryotes that parasitize the Malpighian tubules of numerous insects. Their life cycle comprises multinucleate vegetative plasmodia that divide into oligonucleate and uninucleate cells, and sporogonial plasmodia that form uninucleate spores. Nephridiophagids are poor in morphological characteristics, and although they have been tentatively identified as early-branching fungi based on the SSU rRNA gene sequences of three species, their exact position within the fungal tree of live remained unclear. In this study, we describe two new species of nephridiophagids (Nephridiophaga postici and Nephridiophaga javanicae) from cockroaches. Using long-read sequencing of the nearly complete rDNA operon of numerous further species obtained from cockroaches and earwigs to improve the resolution of the phylogenetic analysis, we found a robust affiliation of nephridiophagids with the Chytridiomycota—a group of zoosporic fungi that comprises parasites of diverse host taxa, such as microphytes, plants, and amphibians. The presence of the same nephridiophagid species in two only distantly related cockroaches indicates that their host specificity is not as strict as generally assumed.
Evolutionary History of Endogenous Human Herpesvirus 6 Reflects Human Migration out of Africa
Creators: name: Aswad, Amr
name: Aimola, Giulia
name: Wight, Darren
name: Roychoudhury, Pavitra
name: Zimmermann, Cosima
name: Hill, Joshua
name: Lassner, Dirk
name: Xie, Hong
name: Huang, Meei-Li
name: Kaufer, Benedikt B.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: human herpesvirus 6
subject: phylogenetics
subject: genomics
subject: paleovirology
subject: telomere biology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::576 Genetik und Evolution

description: Human herpesvirus 6A and 6B (HHV-6) can integrate into the germline, and as a result, similar to 70 million people harbor the genome of one of these viruses in every cell of their body. Until now, it has been largely unknown if 1) these integrations are ancient, 2) if they still occur, and 3) whether circulating virus strains differ from integrated ones. Here, we used next-generation sequencing and mining of public human genome data sets to generate the largest and most diverse collection of circulating and integrated HHV-6 genomes studied to date. In genomes of geographically dispersed, only distantly related people, we identified clades of integrated viruses that originated from a single ancestral event, confirming this with fluorescent in situ hybridization to directly observe the integration locus. In contrast to HHV-6B, circulating and integrated HHV-6A sequences form distinct clades, arguing against ongoing integration of circulating HHV-6A or "reactivation" of integrated HHV-6A. Taken together, our study provides the first comprehensive picture of the evolution of HHV-6, and reveals that integration of heritable HHV-6 has occurred since the time of, if not before, human migrations out of Africa.