cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Advancing the Study of Functional Connectome Development
Creators: name: Graff, Kirk
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience

description: A better understanding of functional changes in the brain across childhood offers the potential to better support neurodevelopmental and learning challenges. However, neuroimaging tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) are vulnerable to head motion and other artifacts, and studies have had limited reproducibility. To accomplish research goals, we need to understand the reliability and validity of data collection, processing, and analysis strategies. Neuroimaging datasets contain individually unique information, but identifiability is reduced by noise or lack of signal, suggesting it can be a measure of validity. The goal of this thesis was to use identifiability to benchmark different methodologies, and describe how identifiability associates with age across early childhood. I first compared several different fMRI preprocessing pipelines for data collected from young children. Preprocessing techniques are often controversial due to specific drawbacks and have typically been assessed with adult datasets, which have much less head motion. I found benefits to the use of global signal regression and temporal censoring, but overly strict censoring can impact identifiability, suggesting noise removed must be balanced against signal retained. I also compared several different EEG measures of functional connectivity (FC). EEG can be vulnerable to volume conduction artifacts that can be mitigated by only considering shared information with a time delay between signals. However, I found that mitigation strategies result in lower identifiability, suggesting that while removing confounding noise they also discard substantial signal of interest. Individual experiences may shape development in an individually unique way, which is supported by evidence that adults have more individually identifiable patterns of FC than children. I found that across 4 to 8 years of age, identifiability increased via increased self-stability, but without changes in similarity-to-others. In the absence of ground truth, it is difficult to argue for or against analysis decisions based solely on a theoretical framework and need to also be validated. My work highlights the importance of not thinking about techniques in a valid-invalid dichotomy; certain methods may be sub-optimal while still being preferable to alternatives if they better manage the trade off between noise removed and signal retained.
Gaussianizing the non-Gaussian lensing convergence field II: the applicability to noisy data
Creators: name: Yu, Yu
name: Zhang, Pengjie
name: Lin, Weipeng
name: Cui, Weiguang
name: Fry, James N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In paper I (Yu et al. [1]), we show through N-body simulation that a local monotonic Gaussian transformation can significantly reduce non-Gaussianity in a noise-free lensing convergence field. This makes the Gaussianization a promising theoretical tool to understand high-order lensing statistics. Here we present a study of its applicability in lensing data analysis, in particular when shape measurement noise is presented in lensing convergence maps. (i) We find that shape measurement noise significantly degrades the Gaussianization performance and the degradation increases for shallower surveys. (ii) The Wiener filter is efficient in reducing the impact of shape measurement noise. The Gaussianization of the Wiener-filtered lensing maps is able to suppress skewness, kurtosis, and the 5th- and 6th-order cumulants by a factor of 10 or more. It also works efficiently to reduce the bispectrum to zero.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures. Match the published version. Accepted by PRD
Biofeedback Gait Retraining under Real-World Running Conditions
Creators: name: Chan, Zoe Yau Shan
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biomechanics
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy
subject: Health Sciences

description: Gait retraining has been used as an intervention to mitigate the risk of injuries among distance runners. Lab-based gait retraining has demonstrated promising results in changing biomechanical parameters associated with injuries. However, there was limited evidence that supports the transfer of training effect to conditions that resemble real-world running. The main objective of this thesis was to optimize the training protocol for training under real-world conditions and five studies were conducted to address three specific aims: 1) identify the limitations of conventional training protocols, 2) assess habitual gait adaptations in real-world running, and 3) establish the technical specifications for gait assessment using wearables. Regarding the first specific aim, two studies were conducted to examine the transfer of training effect to untrained conditions, including overground and slopes. Results of both studies suggested incomplete transfer, hence, gait retraining along overground running routes with slopes was recommended. For the second specific aim, our third study examined the natural biomechanical adaptations along slopes. Differences in speed and cadence were observed between various slope conditions from real-world training data. As these changes could potentially affect training, an adaptive feedback model was recommended. Tibial acceleration can be measured using wearables and is a common outcome measure for gait retraining. The fourth and fifth studies addressed the third specific aim and presented the technical considerations required for accurate and reliable tibial acceleration measurements under conditions that resemble real-world running. Based on the findings, it was recommended to use wearables with an accelerometer operating range wider than ±16-g and to measure a minimum of 100 consecutive strides during each condition. Finally, a gait retraining protocol for training under real-world conditions was proposed based on the findings of the five studies and was evaluated. The evaluation study has demonstrated the feasibility of using adaptive feedback in real-world training using wearables. Reduction of tibial acceleration was observed after the training in various slope conditions. Overall, the findings of this thesis provided insights for further optimization of the gait retraining protocol and future development of feedback systems suitable for use under real-world conditions.
Additional file 1: of Neurofilament levels, disease activity and brain volume during follow-up in multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: HĂĽkansson, Irene
name: Tisell, Anders
name: Cassel, Petra
name: Blennow, Kaj
name: Zetterberg, Henrik
name: Lundberg, Peter
name: Dahle, Charlotte
name: Vrethem, Magnus
name: Ernerudh, Jan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory markers in CSF (and for NFL also in serum) over time in patients with CIS and RRMS. (DOCX 23 kb)
Role of Nf1 signaling in regulating pigmentation in the mouse
Creators: name: Deo, Mugdha Anand
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is caused by mutations in neurofibromin (NF1). Neurofibromas, which are Schwann cell based tumors, and skin hyper-pigmentation are characteristic of NF1 loss. Melanocytes differentiate from Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) during development, suggesting that there may be a mechanistic link between these NF1-related manifestations. In this thesis, we use Cre-LoxP technology to test the cell types that require Nf1 for normal pigmentation. We discovered that an Nf1 targeted knockout (Nf1tm1Par) and an ENU-generated N1453K substitution in Nf1 (Nf1Dsk9) are associated with darker skin in mice. Nf1Dsk9/Nf1Dsk9 embryos exhibit increased numbers of melanoblasts at E10.5, and Nf1 -/- knock out in already committed melanoblasts causes dermal and epidermal hyper-pigmentation. In contrast, Nf1Dsk9/+ embryos exhibit an increase in the number of melanoblasts beginning at E12.5, and Nf1 +/- knockout in already committed melanoblasts has no effect on skin pigmentation. Nf1 haploinsufficiency in SCPs causes hyper-pigmentation of the dermis (but not the epidermis) in tamoxifen-inducible Plp1-CreER/+; Nf1tm1Par/+ mice when tamoxifen is administered at E11.5. Consistent with a lack of epidermal darkening in these mice, we found that cells expressing Plp1-CreER at E11.5 do not persist in the adult epidermis. We found that Nf1 regulates skin pigmentation by an endothelin-dependent, as well as an independent mechanism. Nf1Dsk9/+;Ednrbs-l/Ednrbs-l mice lack tail skin pigmentation, like +/+;Ednrbs-l/Ednrbs-l mice. However, Nf1Dsk9/+;Ednrbs-l/Ednrbs-l mice exhibit an increased percentage of pigmented coat compared to +/+;Ednrbs-l/Ednrbs-l mice. Our data suggests that there are at least two mechanisms by which Nf1 regulates pigmentation in mice. Two copies of Nf1 are required to determine the appropriate number of melanoblasts that differentiate from bipotent melanoctye-SCPs. Subsequently, at least one copy of Nf1 is required to restrain the number of melanoblasts in the epidermis and dermis after they have committed to the melanocyte fate. These findings suggest that neurofibromin plays an important role in the specification of melanocytes within the glial lineage and may help design therapeutic options for treating NF1-related hyper-pigmentation in the future.
Emotional experiences of non-Indigenous educators teaching Indigenous curricula: Reconciliation through narrative inquiry
Creators: name: Miles, Teresa Marie
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Reconciliation
subject: Narrative Inquiry
subject: Indigenous Curricula
subject: Non-Indigenous Educators
subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction

description: Non-Indigenous educators are required to teach Indigenous curricula according to Alberta Education (2018b) Teaching Quality Standards (TQS). This requirement hopes to contribute to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (2015) (TRCC) calls to action regarding education in Canada. My research focuses on the calls to action which ask educators to teach Indigenous curricula with “intercultural understanding, empathy, and mutual respect” (TRCC, 2015). By asking the research question, what are the emotional experiences of non-Indigenous educators in Alberta who are teaching Indigenous curriculum, my purpose was to examine the emotional experiences as we work individually and collectively towards reconciliation in education. In this emotional journey that you are joining me on, the reader will encounter writing surrounding the Papal apology, situating myself in the research, situating the research in governing literature, approach to research and design, findings and discussion of the data. This thesis includes my design of Research in a Medicine Wheel which provides a conceptual and theoretical framework. In addition, the reader will encounter a Findings in a Medicine Wheel Word Cloud, and sweetgrass braid drawings which I created to show how my research is woven with research partners and the seven sacred teachings. Through a Narrative Inquiry approach, the findings present the stories of my three research partners and myself. In conducting an emotive analysis of these stories as data gathering, I created categories which represent themes found in each of the research partner’s stories. Susie presents the role of empathy in teaching Indigenous curricula; Elsi presents a story of growth, authenticity, and humility; and Quinn presents the perspective of moving past shock: a journey towards understanding. Each of the research partner’s stories are followed by my reaction and reflection which created the opportunity for me to become the fourth researcher in this research. This emotional journey includes a research process which became one of creating new relationships, the renewal of existing friendships, and changing relationships,. The research and writing which follows are centered on concepts found in the ever-changing processes of reconciliation.
Asteia pleurovittata Grimaldi 2009, new species
Creators: name: Grimaldi, David A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asteiidae
Asteia
Asteia pleurovittata

description: Asteia pleurovittata, new species Figures 23, 27 DIAGNOSIS: Very similar to Asteia pleurovitta (see description, above), distinctive similarities being: transverse white band on face of female, brown band on oral margin in male; dorsal half of basal antennomeres brown (ventrally light); mesoscutum brown, with whitish area anterior to scutellum, top of scutellum whitsh; pleura with dark brown stripe just ventral to notopleural suture, whitish beneath stripe; ocellar setae minute, barely visible, 3 pairs dorsocentrals (no acrostichals); male terminalia with pair of large, slender epandrial lobes anteromedial to surstyli; aedeagus short, sclerotized, bulbous. Differs from Asteia pleurovitta by A. pleurovittata having brown coloration on katepisternum, coxae, and proximal halves of legs (vs. light); more extensive brown pigmentation on abdomen (extended laterally); females much darker brown than males; by the flatter frons and more shallow head and thorax; arista with 1 dorsal and 2 ventral branches, exclusive of apical fork (vs. 3D, 2V branches); epandrial lobes more slender, with apical knob bearing fine papillae; aedeagus more bulbous apically and with fine scales. TYPES: Holotype, male [not dissected], Fiji: Viti Levu: Vuda Prov., Koroyanitu Pk, 1 km E Abaca Vlg, 800 m, 19–26.XI.2002, Malaise 1, coll. Schlinger and Tokota’a, 17.667 ° S, 177.55 ° E, FBA176071. ThL 5 0.94 mm. In BPBM. Paratypes: FBA176072-5 (4 males, 1 dissected [no. 63]). Two females, also 1 km E Abaca Vlg.: 19–26.X.2002, Malaise, E. Schlinger and M. Tokota’a, FJVL02, MO1.04, FBA085400, 085408. In BPBM and AMNH. ETYMOLOGY: A variation on the name of the most closely related species, and in reference to the body coloration.
description: Published as part of Grimaldi, David A., 2009, The Asteioinea of Fiji (Insecta: Diptera: Periscelididae, Asteiidae, Xenasteiidae), pp. 1-60 in American Museum Novitates 3671 on page 44, DOI: 10.1206/685.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5358027
Additional file 9: of Establishment of long-term serum-free culture for lacrimal gland stem cells aiming at lacrimal gland repair
Creators: name: Xiao, Sa
name: Zhang, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S6. Isolation and characterization of NOD-LGSGs. A, B. The morphology of LGSCs and NOD-LGSCs in primary culture at day 7; scale bar, 400 μm. A. NOD-LGSCs; B. LGSCs. C. The sphere number per-field of NOD-LGSCs is significantly less than LGSCs. Scale bar, 400 μm; ***, P < 0.01; n = 5. D. Transcriptional expression of adult stem/progenitor cell markers of LGSCs and NOD-LGSCs. NC, negative control. E. Transcriptional expression of adult stem cell and differentiated markers of NOD-LGSCs cultured for 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. Secretory cell marker AQP5 and secretory protein gene of LG Ltf are significantly up-regulated. Adult stem cell marker Krt14 is significantly down-regulated. There is no significant change of ductal cell marker Krt19; ***, P < 0.01; ns, non-significance; n = 3. F. Immunofluorescent staining of NOD-LGCSs cultured for 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. As elongating culture time, cells expressing Krt14 (red) and Ki67 (red) are significantly decreased, and no cells expressing Krt19 (red) emerge, scale bar, 50 μm. Nuclear staining, DAPI (blue). G. The fluorescent images of NOD-LGSCs cultured for 7 days after being labeled with mCherry. BF, bright field (PDF 9808 kb)
Phase diagram of magnetic domain walls in spin valve nano-stripes
Creators: name: Rougemaille, Nicolas
name: Uhlîr, Vojtech
name: Fruchart, Olivier
name: Pizzini, Stefania
name: Vogel, Jan
name: Toussaint, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate numerically the transverse versus vortex phase diagram of head-to-head domain walls in Co/Cu/Py spin valve nano-stripes (Py: Permalloy), in which the Co layer is mostly single domain while the Py layer hosts the domain wall. The range of stability of the transverse wall is shifted towards larger thickness compared to single Py layers, due to a magnetostatic screening effect between the two layers. An approached analytical scaling law is derived, which reproduces faithfully the phase diagram.
description: 4 pages
Understanding the Psychological Mechanisms that Explain How Transformational Leadership Influences Employee Psychological Wellbeing
Creators: name: Rex, Ryan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: wellbeing
subject: leadership
subject: psychological mechanisms
subject: Education--Business

description: his thesis explores the impact of transformational leadership on employee psychological wellbeing by studying the underlying psychological mechanisms that mediate their relationship. Inceoglu et al. (2018) [Inceoglu, I., Thomas, G., Chu, C., Plans, D., & Gerbasi, A. (2018). Leadership behavior and employee wellbeing: An integrated review and a future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.006] theorized five “groupings” of psychological mechanisms—socio-cognitive, motivational, affective, relational, and identification—that could act as mediators. To test this theoretical model, Study 1 collected data from 812 working adults and identified five alternative groupings: relationship with leader, enriched work, clarity, intensification, and agency. These groupings better represent how people perceive and respond to the most frequently used measurement scales that comprise Inceoglu et al.’s five groupings. Study 2 administered a pre-registered survey to 452 working adults across three time waves. The survey included measures of transformational leadership, transactional leadership (contingent reward), the five alternative mechanism groupings identified in Study 1, and two measures of employee psychological wellbeing. The findings from an omnibus model examining the five mechanisms suggest that transformational leadership is associated with increased job-related affective wellbeing only through perceptions of enriched work. Collectively, these studies offer valuable insights into the underlying psychological mechanisms of the relationship between transformational leadership and employee psychological wellbeing, and suggestions for leadership development interventions.
Diagrammatics for the Inverse Problem in Spin Systems and Simple Liquids
Creators: name: Kühn, Tobias
name: van Wijland, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling complex systems, like neural networks, simple liquids or flocks of birds, often works in reverse to textbook approaches: given data for which averages and correlations are known, we try to find the parameters of a given model consistent with it. In general, no exact calculation directly from the model is available and we are left with expensive numerical approaches. A particular situation is that of a perturbed Gaussian model with polynomial corrections for continuous degrees of freedom. Indeed perturbation expansions for this case have been implemented in the last 60 years. However, there are models for which the exactly solvable part is non-Gaussian, such as independent Ising spins in a field, or an ideal gas of particles. We implement a diagrammatic perturbative scheme in weak correlations around a non-Gaussian yet solvable probability weight. This applies in particular to spin models (Ising, Potts, Heisenberg) with weak couplings, or to a simple liquid with a weak interaction potential. Our method casts systems with discrete degrees of freedom and those with continuous ones within the same theoretical framework. When the core theory is Gaussian it reduces to the well-known Feynman diagrammatics.
description: 34 pages, 3 figures. Equivalent to published version
Expanding the User Interactions and Design Process of Haptic Experiences in Virtual Reality
Creators: name: Smith, Christopher Geoffrey
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Virtual Reality
subject: Haptics
subject: Design Tool
subject: Tactile Feedback
subject: Design Process
subject: Education--Technology

description: Virtual reality can be a highly immersive experience due to its realistic visual presentation. This immersive state is useful for applications including education, training, and entertainment. To enhance the state of immersion provided by virtual reality further, devices capable of simulating touch and force have been researched to allow not only a visual and audio experience but a haptic experience as well. Such research has investigated many approaches to generating haptics for virtual reality but often does not explore how to create an immersive haptic experience using them. In this thesis, we present a discussion on four proposed areas of the virtual reality haptic experience design process using a demonstration methodology. To investigate the application of haptic devices, we designed a modular ungrounded haptic system which was used to create a general-purpose device capable of force-based feedback and used it in the three topics of exploration. The first area explored is the application of existing haptic theory for aircraft control to the field of virtual reality drone control. The second area explored is the presence of the size-weight sensory illusion within virtual reality when using a simulated haptic force. The third area explored is how authoring within a virtual reality medium can be used by a designer to create VR haptic experiences. From these explorations, we begin a higher-level discussion of the broader process of creating a virtual reality haptic experience. Using the results of each project as a representation of our proposed design steps, we discuss not only the broader concepts the steps contribute to the process and their importance, but also draw connections between them. By doing this, we present a more holistic approach to the large-scale design of virtual reality haptic experiences and the benefits we believe it provides.
Inhomogeneous islands and continents in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Carignano, Stefano
name: Buballa, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some recent developments in our study of inhomogeneous chiral symmetry breaking phases in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. First, we investigate different kinds of one- and two-dimensional spatial modulations of the chiral condensate within the inhomogeneous "island" and compare their free energies. Next, we employ the Polyakov-loop extended version of the model to study the effects of varying the number of colors on the inhomogeneous region. Finally, we discuss the properties of an inhomogeneous "continent" which appears in our model at higher chemical potentials, and analyze its origin.
description: 18 pages, Presented at the HIC for FAIR Workshop and XXVIII Max Born Symposium "Three Days on Quarkyonic Island", Wroclaw, Poland, May 19-21, 2011. v2: Fig. 3 corrected, conclusions unchanged
Active Learning of Ordinal Embeddings: A User Study on Football Data
Creators: name: Loeffler, Christoffer
name: Fallah, Kion
name: Fenu, Stefano
name: Zanca, Dario
name: Eskofier, Bjoern
name: Rozell, Christopher John
name: Mutschler, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Humans innately measure distance between instances in an unlabeled dataset using an unknown similarity function. Distance metrics can only serve as proxy for similarity in information retrieval of similar instances. Learning a good similarity function from human annotations improves the quality of retrievals. This work uses deep metric learning to learn these user-defined similarity functions from few annotations for a large football trajectory dataset. We adapt an entropy-based active learning method with recent work from triplet mining to collect easy-to-answer but still informative annotations from human participants and use them to train a deep convolutional network that generalizes to unseen samples. Our user study shows that our approach improves the quality of the information retrieval compared to a previous deep metric learning approach that relies on a Siamese network. Specifically, we shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of passive sampling heuristics and active learners alike by analyzing the participants' response efficacy. To this end, we collect accuracy, algorithmic time complexity, the participants' fatigue and time-to-response, qualitative self-assessment and statements, as well as the effects of mixed-expertise annotators and their consistency on model performance and transfer-learning.
description: 23 pages, 17 figures
Air-sea carbon dynamics in Baffin Bay: 2011-2021
Creators: name: Nickoloff, Gina Mary
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: air-sea CO2 fluxes
subject: Arctic
subject: Baffin Bay
subject: pCO2
subject: Geography
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Biogeochemistry

description: Arctic waters play a disproportionately large role in oceanic CO2 uptake, but are most vulnerable to impacts of climate change. Due to the Arctic’s limited accessibility and remote nature, oceanic CO2 data is sparse to the extent that observation-based estimates of air-sea CO2 flux have only been derived for certain regions, leaving considerable uncertainty in the contribution of Arctic seas to global carbon budgets. Comprehensive description of surface-ocean CO2 dynamics in poorly-studied Arctic regions is needed to constrain Arctic and global carbon cycles, and to anticipate and document future change. In this thesis I provide such a novel description for the Baffin Bay region by examining the spatial and temporal distributions of surface-ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) while identifying its driving physical and biogeochemical controls, and by quantifying air-sea CO2 fluxes over the region during the open-water season. Utilising an extensive continuous underway ship-based pCO2 dataset accumulated over the last decade, 2011 to 2021, I report surface-ocean pCO2 over Baffin Bay (which in this definition includes Nares Strait and the Northwater Polynya) from June to October. Baffin Bay was highly favourable to uptake of atmospheric CO2 (70 to 130 μatm below saturation, depending on the year), but had substantial regional variability in pCO2 due to hydrography and ocean currents. Over the open-water season pCO2 exhibited a temporal pattern, increasing June to October but remaining undersaturated. Through comprehensive evaluation of Baffin Bay air-sea CO2 fluxes I show that it is a notably strong uptake region, even when compared to other North American Arctic regions. Baffin Bay had an average open-water-season flux of -7.3 mmol CO2 m-2 day1, which corresponds to an estimated carbon uptake of 11.9 Tg C year-1. Ice coverage in some regions served as a barrier to uptake, particularly in the northern portions of the study region. In the future, Baffin Bay is expected to remain a strong uptake region, with possible increased uptake as sea-ice loss lengthens the open-water season and summer wind speeds increase. This research fills a sizeable knowledge gap in Arctic oceanic carbon uptake, showing Baffin Bay is an exceptionally strong uptake region and providing insight into the variability of and drivers to surface-ocean pCO2.
Manipulation of two-photon fluorescence spectra of chromophore aggregates with entangled photons: A simulation study
Creators: name: Schlawin, Frank
name: Dorfman, Konstantin
name: Fingerhut, Benjamin P.
name: Mukamel, Shaul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-classical spectral and temporal features of entangled photons offer new possibilities to investigate the interactions of excitons in photosynthetic complexes, and to target the excitation of specific states. Simulations of fluorescence in the bacterial reaction center induced by entangled light demonstrate a selectivity of double-exciton states which is not possible using classical stochastic light with the same power spectrum.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures, published version
Development and application of an in vitro culture model for primary human T-ALL cells
Creators: name: Yost, Arla June
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy that affects both children and adults. Optimization of chemotherapy regimens has led to steady improvements in outcome for pediatric patients over the last 5 decades, with a long-term survival rate of 80%. However, the five-year survival rate for adults is still only 35-40% and there is a poor prognosis for relapse patients (Goldstone et al., 2008). Further improvements in outcome will undoubtedly require introduction of novel approaches and more specific targeted therapies. Research efforts in this area have been hampered by the lack of a reproducible model for in vitro growth of human T-ALL blasts. Most efforts to date have relied heavily upon established cell lines, which can be a useful tool to study malignancies but do not necessarily always represent bona fide disease biology, and in vivo studies involving patient samples expanded as xenografts in immunocompromised mice, which are costly, time-consuming and complicated by non-cell autonomous effects. Current methods for in vitro culture of patient T-ALL samples yield variable performance with high rates of apoptosis and less than robust proliferation. Development of an efficient and reproducible in vitro culture method for growth of primary human T-ALL blasts would greatly enhance the ability to test and validate novel therapies by allowing for direct assay for sensitivity/resistance of patient cells which have not been subject to extensive manipulation or selection. In this work we report an in vitro co-culture system using defined, serum-free media and a stromal feeder cell layer which supports robust growth and minimal apoptosis of patient T-ALL blasts. We have shown that the stromal feeder cell layer and supplemental IL-7 cytokine is critical for sustained patient T-ALL blast growth in this model. Finally, we have demonstrated the utility of this culture system as a platform that will facilitate ongoing efforts to identify growth factors/cytokines required for maintenance of leukemia cell self-renewal activity, aid in the study of signaling pathways important in T-ALL pathogenesis and maintenance, and allow for prospective testing of novel compounds for therapeutic efficacy on patients’ own tumor cells, thus enabling implementation of personalized medicine initiatives.
Supplementary material from The impact of crossmodal predictions on the neural processing of aesthetic stimuli
Creators: name: Tiihonen, Marianne
name: Haumann, Niels Trusbak
name: Shtyrov, Yury
name: Vuust, Peter
name: Jacobsen, Thomas
name: Brattico, Elvira
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 520499
subject: Cognitive and computational psychology not elsewhere classified

description: Additional info on stimuli, methods, and results.
Microhydromys argenteus Helgen & Leary & Aplin 2010, n. sp.
Creators: name: Helgen, Kristofer M.
name: Leary, Tanya
name: Aplin, Kenneth P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microhydromys
Microhydromys argenteus

description: Microhydromys argenteus, n. sp. (3 localities) 5. Papua New Guinea, Southern Highlands Province: Mt. Sisa (5 Mt. Haliago, circa 06 ° 09 9 S, 142 ° 45 9 E), southern slopes, 1450 m (AM M14166, skin and skull). Dwyer (1990) and Leary and Seri (1997) provided a map and other relevant information for Mount Sisa; see also Dwyer (1983, 1984) and Plowman (1983) for commentary regarding this site’s ecological context. 6. Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province: 10 km northeast of the village of Faia (7 ° 08 9 S, 143 ° 37 9 E), 380 m, Darai Plateau (UPNG 4310, fluid specimen). See below and Leary (2004) for more detailed discussion about this site. 7. Papua New Guinea, Central Province: Sirinumu Dam (Lake Sirinumu), 550 m, Sogeri Plateau (BBM-NG 60202, skin and skull). This is the type locality of M. argenteus, n. sp. Lake Sirinumu is a manmade reservoir (Chambers, 1987); for other information on the area see also Aplin et al. (in review) and Berra et al. (1975).
description: Published as part of Helgen, Kristofer M., Leary, Tanya & Aplin, Kenneth P., 2010, A Review of Microhydromys (Rodentia: Murinae), with Description of a New Species from Southern New Guinea, pp. 1-22 in American Museum Novitates 3676 on page 5, DOI: 10.1206/632.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5358232
description: {"references": ["Dwyer, P. D. 1990. The pigs that ate the garden: a human ecology from Papua New Guinea. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.", "Leary, T., and L. Seri. 1997. An annotated checklist of mammals recorded in the Kikori River Basin, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 23: 79 - 100.", "Dwyer, P. D. 1983. Etolo hunting performance and energetics. Human Ecology 11: 145 - 174.", "Dwyer, P. D. 1984. From garden to forest: small rodents and plant succession in Papua New Guinea. Australian Mammalogy 7: 29 - 36.", "Plowman, K. 1983. The macro-invertebrate litter fauna of two montane forests in Papua New Guinea. Tropical Ecology 24: 1 - 12.", "Chambers, M. R. 1987. The freshwater lakes of Papua New Guinea: an inventory and limnological review. Journal of Tropical Ecology 3: 1 - 23.", "Berra, T. M., R. Moore, and F. R. Reynolds. 1975. The freshwater fishes of the Laloki River System of New Guinea. Copeia 1975: 316 - 326."]}
Inconsistent black hole kick estimates from gravitational-wave models
Creators: name: Borchers, Angela
name: Ohme, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accuracy of gravitational-wave models of compact binaries has traditionally been addressed by the mismatch between the model and numerical-relativity simulations. This is a measure of the overall agreement between the two waveforms. However, the largest modelling error typically appears in the strong-field merger regime and may affect subdominant signal harmonics more strongly. These inaccuracies are often not well characterised by the mismatch. We explore the use of a complementary, physically motivated tool to investigate the accuracy of gravitational-wave harmonics in waveform models: the remnant's recoil, or kick velocity. Asymmetric binary mergers produce remnants with significant recoil, encoded by subtle imprints in the gravitational-wave signal. The kick estimate is highly sensitive to the intrinsic inaccuracies of the modelled gravitational-wave harmonics during the strongly relativistic merger regime. Here we investigate the accuracy of the higher harmonics in four state-of-the-art waveform models of binary black holes. We find that the SEOBNRv4HM_ROM, IMRPhenomHM, IMRPhenomXHM and NRHybSur3dq8 models are not consistent in their kick predictions. Our results enable us to identify regions in the parameter space where the models require further improvement and support the use of the kick estimate to investigate waveform systematics. We discuss how numerical-relativity kick estimates could be used to calibrate waveform models further, proposing the first steps towards kick-based gravitational-wave tuning.
description: 31 pages, 17 figures
Atmospheric PSF Interpolation for Weak Lensing in Short Exposure Imaging Data
Creators: name: Chang, C.
name: Marshall, P. J.
name: Jernigan, J. G.
name: Peterson, J. R.
name: Kahn, S. M.
name: Gull, S. F.
name: AlSayyad, Y.
name: Ahmad, Z.
name: Bankert, J.
name: Bard, D.
name: Connolly, A.
name: Gibson, R. R.
name: Gilmore, K.
name: Grace, E.
name: Hannel, M.
name: Hodge, M. A.
name: Jones, L.
name: Krughoff, S.
name: Lorenz, S.
name: Marshall, S.
name: Meert, A.
name: Nagarajan, S.
name: Peng, E.
name: Rasmussen, A. P.
name: Shmakova, M.
name: Sylvestre, N.
name: Todd, N.
name: Young, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A main science goal for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is to measure the cosmic shear signal from weak lensing to extreme accuracy. One difficulty, however, is that with the short exposure time ($\simeq$15 seconds) proposed, the spatial variation of the Point Spread Function (PSF) shapes may be dominated by the atmosphere, in addition to optics errors. While optics errors mainly cause the PSF to vary on angular scales similar or larger than a single CCD sensor, the atmosphere generates stochastic structures on a wide range of angular scales. It thus becomes a challenge to infer the multi-scale, complex atmospheric PSF patterns by interpolating the sparsely sampled stars in the field. In this paper we present a new method, PSFent, for interpolating the PSF shape parameters, based on reconstructing underlying shape parameter maps with a multi-scale maximum entropy algorithm. We demonstrate, using images from the LSST Photon Simulator, the performance of our approach relative to a 5th-order polynomial fit (representing the current standard) and a simple boxcar smoothing technique. Quantitatively, PSFent predicts more accurate PSF models in all scenarios and the residual PSF errors are spatially less correlated. This improvement in PSF interpolation leads to a factor of 3.5 lower systematic errors in the shear power spectrum on scales smaller than $\sim13'$, compared to polynomial fitting. We estimate that with PSFent and for stellar densities greater than $\simeq1/{\rm arcmin}^{2}$, the spurious shear correlation from PSF interpolation, after combining a complete 10-year dataset from LSST, is lower than the corresponding statistical uncertainties on the cosmic shear power spectrum, even under a conservative scenario.
description: 18 pages,12 figures, accepted by MNRAS
The Silent Pandemic: Essays on the Interplay of Antimicrobial Use, Resistance and External Cost
Creators: name: Rahman, Sakib
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: antimicrobial
subject: resistance
subject: usage
subject: externality
subject: economic cost
subject: tax
subject: One Health
subject: humans
subject: animals
subject: Education--Social Sciences
subject: Economics
subject: Education--Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Epidemiology

description: The aim of this thesis is to take an economist’s perspective on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR, now framed as a silent pandemic, is a natural response of microbes brought upon by selective pressure from using antimicrobials. Several controllable factors, primarily the extensive and continuous usage of antimicrobials, are hastening the increase of resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the magnitude and duration of how antimicrobial usage effects resistance. The first two chapters of this thesis use empirical methodologies developed in the field of economics to analyze the causal relationship between usage and resistance. The chapters use comprehensive longitudinal public and proprietary data from Europe for empirical analysis. The first chapter, with usage and resistance data only for humans, finds that the prevalence of resistant bacteria rapidly rises following antibiotic usage and continues to rise for a minimum of four years thereafter. Strikingly, reducing antibiotic usage has minimal discernible effect on resistance. The second chapter studies the same relationships for food-producing animals and humans. Using a One-health perspective the study finds that antibiotic usage in food-producing animal and antibiotic usage in humans are independently and causally related to the prevalence of resistance in both humans and other animals. The third chapter frames AMR as an externality associated with AMU, and using new elasticity measures explores the external cost of AMU and potential policy responses.
Four Locally Indistinguishable Ququad-Ququad Orthogonal Maximally Entangled States
Creators: name: Yu, Nengkun
name: Duan, Runyao
name: Ying, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly exhibit a set of four ququad-ququad orthogonal maximally entangled states that cannot be perfectly distinguished by means of local operations and classical communication. Before our work, it was unknown whether there is a set of $d$ locally indistinguishable $d\otimes d$ orthogonal maximally entangled states for some positive integer $d$. We further show that a $2\otimes 2$ maximally entangled state can be used to locally distinguish this set of states without being consumed, thus demonstrate a novel phenomenon of "Entanglement Discrimination Catalysis". Based on this set of states, we construct a new set $\mathrm{K}$ consisting of four locally indistinguishable states such that $\mathrm{K}^{\otimes m}$ (with $4^m$ members) is locally distinguishable for some $m$ greater than one. As an immediate application, we construct a noisy quantum channel with one sender and two receivers whose local zero-error classical capacity can achieve the full dimension of the input space but only with a multi-shot protocol.
description: 6 pages. Comments are welcome
Para-hydrodynamics from weak surface scattering in ultraclean thin flakes
Creators: name: Wolf, Yotam
name: Aharon-Steinberg, Amit
name: Yan, Binghai
name: Holder, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron hydrodynamics typically emerges in electron fluids with a high electron-electron collision rate. However, new experiments with thin flakes of WTe$_2$ have revealed that other momentum-conserving scattering processes can replace the role of the electron-electron interaction, thereby leading to a novel, so-called para-hydrodynamic regime. Here, we develop the kinetic theory for para-hydrodynamic transport. To this end, we consider a ballistic electron gas in a thin 3-dimensional sheet where the momentum-relaxing ($\ell_{mr}$) and momentum-conserving ($\ell_{mc}$) mean free paths are decreased due to boundary scattering from a rough surface. The resulting effective mean free path of the electronic flow is then expressed in terms of microscopic parameters of the sheet boundaries, predicting that a para-hydrodynamic regime with $\ell_{mr}\gg \ell_{mc}$ emerges generically in ultraclean three-dimensional materials. Using our approach, we recover the transport properties of WTe$_2$ in the para-hydrodynamic regime in good agreement with existing experiments.
description: 6+6 pages, 6 figures. The published v2 contains only minor changes
title: Lived Experiences with Water
title: Gender and Sexuality in Sustainable Development: Building Allyship and Inclusion
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Fatima, Kulsum
Publisher: name: International Development Week Storytelling the SDGs Event
Year: 2023
Subjects: water
systemic issues
water & women

description: This presentation shares lived experiences with water portrayed through art and storytelling, creating a safe and open space to explore discussions and share stories in connection to UNSDG6.
Additional file 1 of An informatics consult approach for generating clinical evidence for treatment decisions
Creators: name: Lai, Alvina G.
name: Chang, Wai Hoong
name: Parisinos, Constantinos A.
name: Katsoulis, Michail
name: Blackburn, Ruth M.
name: Shah, Anoop D.
name: Nguyen, Vincent
name: Denaxas, Spiros
name: Davey Smith, George
name: Gaunt, Tom R.
name: Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah
name: Cox, Murray P.
name: Forde, Donall
name: Asselbergs, Folkert W.
name: Harris, Steve
name: Richardson, Sylvia
name: Sofat, Reecha
name: Dobson, Richard J. B.
name: Hingorani, Aroon
name: Patel, Riyaz
name: Sterne, Jonathan
name: Banerjee, Amitava
name: Denniston, Alastair K.
name: Ball, Simon
name: Sebire, Neil J.
name: Shah, Nigam H.
name: Foster, Graham R.
name: Williams, Bryan
name: Hemingway, Harry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary data 1 to 11.
The Chevalley-Herbrand formula and the real abelian Main Conjecture
Creators: name: Gras, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Main Theorem for abelian fields (often called Main Conjecture despite proofs in most cases) has a long history which has found a solution by means of "elementary arithmetic", as detailed in Washington's book from Thaine's method having led to Kolyvagin's Euler systems. Analytic theory of real abelian fields $K$ says (in the semi-simple case) that the order of the $p$-class group $\mathcal{H}_K$ is equal to the $p$-index of cyclotomic units $(\mathcal{E}_K : \mathcal{F}_K)$. We have conjectured (1977) the relations $\# \mathcal{H}_φ= (\mathcal{E}_φ: \mathcal{F}_φ)$ for the isotypic $p$-adic components using the irreducible $p$-adic characters $φ$ of $K$. We develop, in this article, new promising links between: (i) the Chevalley-Herbrand formula giving the number of ``ambiguous classes'' in $p$-extensions $L/K$, $L \subset K(μ_\ell^{})$ for the auxiliary prime numbers $\ell \equiv 1 \pmod {2p^N}$ inert in $K$; (ii) the phenomenon of capitulation of $\mathcal{H}_K$ in $L$; (iii) the real Main Conjecture $\# \mathcal{H}_φ= (\mathcal{E}_φ: \mathcal{F}_φ)$ for all~$φ$. We prove that the real Main Conjecture is trivially fulfilled as soon as $\mathcal{H}_K$ capitulates in $L$ (Theorem \ref{thmppl}). Computations with PARI programs support this new philosophy of the Main Conjecture. The very frequent phenomenon of capitulation suggests Conjecture 1.2.
description: Enlarged version with new references and historical complements-34 pages