cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Das Nash-Gleichgewicht - Extremwertprobleme und Funktionenscharen im 11. Jahrgang
title: Nash Equilibrium
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Carmesin, Hans-Otto
Publisher: name: Verlag Klaus Seeberger
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nash-Gleichgewicht
subject: Mathematikdidaktik
subject: Mathematikunterricht
subject: Unterrichtsversuch
subject: 510

description: Extremwertprobleme im 11. Jahrgang behandeln oft eine Person, die ihren gewinn maximiert. Werden aber gewinne für zwei oder mehr miteinander handelnde Personen gesucht, so können Schüler*innen das Gleichgewicht entdecken, für dessen Entdeckung John Nash 1994 den Nobelpreis für Ökonomie erhielt. Die Schüler*innen praktizieren in diesem Zusammenhang unterschiedliche mathematische Kompetenzen, entwickeln Funktionenscharen und lernen interessante Anwendungen kennen.
A classical, non-singular, bouncing universe
Creators: name: Güngör, Özenç
name: Starkman, Glenn D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for a classical, non-singular bouncing cosmology without violation of the null energy condition (NEC). The field content is General Relativity plus a real scalar field with a canonical kinetic term and only renormalizable, polynomial type self-interaction for the scalar field in the Jordan frame. The universe begins vacuum-energy dominated and is contracting at $t=-\infty$. We consider a closed universe with a positive spatial curvature, which is responsible for the universe bouncing without any NEC violation. An $Rϕ^2$ coupling between the Ricci scalar and the scalar field drives the scalar from the initial false vacuum to the true vacuum during the bounce. The model is sub-Planckian throughout its evolution and every dimensionful parameter is below the effective field theory scale $M_P$, so we expect no ghost-type or tachyonic instabilities. This model solves the horizon problem and extends co-moving particle geodesics to past infinity, resulting in a geodesically complete universe without singularities. We solve the Friedman equations and the scalar field equation of motion numerically, and analytically under certain approximations.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
$C^1$-Generic Symplectic Diffeomorphisms: Partial Hyperbolicity and Zero Center Lyapunov Exponents
Creators: name: Bochi, Jairo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D30; 37D25.

description: We prove that if $f$ is a $C^1$-generic symplectic diffeomorphism then the Oseledets splitting along almost every orbit is either trivial or partially hyperbolic. In addition, if $f$ is not Anosov then all the exponents in the center bundle vanish. This establishes in full a result announced by R. Mañé in the ICM 1983. The main technical novelty is a probabilistic method for the construction of perturbations, using random walks.
description: Final version. To appear in Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu
Walter Benjamin : the production of an intellectual figure
Creators: name: Hoenle, Sandra Vivian Berta
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Walter Benjamin (1892-1940), a twentieth-century Jewish-German intellectual, has recently achieved iconic status; however, during his lifetime, many scholars considered him to be a failure. This substantial shift in scholarly attitude invites questions concerning how intellectual figures are understood and constructed within academia. Cultural studies has renewed and enlarged the sphere of interest in Benjamin's work while, at the same time, canonizing and thus freezing it. This dissertation addresses the non-canonical side of the production of Walter Benjamin and, in so doing, shows what traditional scholarship has overlooked — the effect of the so-called "private" sphere on so-called "public" intellectuals. The dominant model for traditional scholarly studies remains both abstract and linear: it consists of tracing the influence of one (usually male) scholar upon another. This dissertation disrupts the tacit assumptions behind such an approach to knowledge by showing how intellectuals are produced both by and at the intersections o f the public and the private. The general scholarly acceptance of this false dichotomy, commonly referred to as the public/private split, has resulted in viewing scholars as though they exist in an abstract realm of ideas rather than in a concrete realm of lived reality. I draw on and add to the insights of feminist and cultural studies scholars who have attempted to show how people's interested contradictory locations, defined, as they are, by class, religion, ethnicity, gender, and so on, intersect with and affect their publicly constructed identities. To this end, my study provides a concrete example of how one particular intellectual, Walter Benjamin, has been (and continues to be) produced within specific historical, social, and cultural contexts.
Einstein@Home all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in LIGO O2 public data
Creators: name: Steltner, B.
name: Papa, M. A.
name: Eggenstein, H. -B.
name: Allen, B.
name: Dergachev, V.
name: Prix, R.
name: Machenschalk, B.
name: Walsh, S.
name: Zhu, S. J.
name: Kwang, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in the LIGO O2 data from the Hanford and Livingston detectors. We search for nearly-monochromatic signals with frequency between 20.0 Hz and 585.15 Hz and spin-down between -2.6e-9 Hz/s and 2.6e-10 Hz/s. We deploy the search on the Einstein@Home volunteer-computing project and follow-up the waveforms associated with the most significant results with eight further search-stages, reaching the best sensitivity ever achieved by an all-sky survey up to 500 Hz. Six of the inspected waveforms pass all the stages but they are all associated with hardware-injections, which are fake signals simulated at the LIGO detector for validation purposes. We recover all these fake signals with consistent parameters. No other waveform survives, so we find no evidence of a continuous gravitational wave signal at the detectability level of our search. We constrain the h0 amplitude of continuous gravitational waves at the detector as a function of the signal frequency, in half-Hz bins. The most constraining upper limit at 163.0 Hz is h0 = 1.3e25, at the 90% confidence level. Our results exclude neutron stars rotating faster than 5 ms with equatorial ellipticities larger than 1e-7 closer than 100 pc. These are deformations that neutron star crusts could easily support, according to some models.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal on 28 October 2020. 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Electroweak corrections to top-quark pair production in quark--antiquark annihilation
Creators: name: Kuhn, J. H.
name: Scharf, A.
name: Uwer, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Top-quark physics plays an important role at hadron colliders such as the Tevatron at Fermilab or the LHC at CERN. Given the planned precision at these colliders, precise theoretical predictions are required. In this paper we present the complete electroweak corrections to QCD-induced top-quark pair production in quark--antiquark annihilation. In particular we provide compact analytic expressions for the differential partonic cross section, which will be useful for further theoretical investigations.
Proof of perturbative gauge invariance for tree diagrams to all orders
Creators: name: Duetsch, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is proved that classical BRS-invariance of the Lagrangian implies perturbative gauge invariance for tree diagrams to all orders. The proof applies in particular to the Einstein Hilbert Largrangian of gravity.
description: 36 pages. A few corrections and supplements. Version to appear in Ann. Phys. (Leipzig)
Weyl-Wigner Representation of Canonical Equilibrium States
Creators: name: Nicacio, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Weyl-Wigner representations for canonical thermal equilibrium quantum states are obtained for the whole class of quadratic Hamiltonians through a Wick rotation of the Weyl-Wigner symbols of Heisenberg and metaplectic operators. The behavior of classical structures inherently associated to these unitaries is described under the Wick mapping, unveiling that a thermal equilibrium state is fully determined by a complex symplectic matrix, which sets all of its thermodynamical properties. The four categories of Hamiltonian dynamics (Parabolic, Elliptic, Hyperbolic, and Loxodromic) are analyzed. Semiclassical and high temperature approximations are derived and compared to the classical and/or quadratic behavior.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
A nonlocal Poisson bracket of the sine-Gordon model
Creators: name: Mikhailov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the classical string on a two-sphere is more or less equivalent to the sine-Gordon model. We consider the nonabelian dual of the classical string on a two-sphere. We show that there is a projection map from the phase space of this model to the phase space of the sine-Gordon model. The corresponding Poisson structure of the sine-Gordon model is nonlocal with one integration.
description: 18 pages, LaTeX, v2,3: added Section 4 and references
Galit Noga-Banai; Sacred Stimulus. Jerusalem in the Visual Christianization of Rome
Creators: name: Herklotz, Ingo
Publisher: name: Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Year: 2024

description: Rezension zu: Galit Noga-Banai; Sacred Stimulus. Jerusalem in the Visual Christianization of Rome; New York: Oxford University Press 2018; XIX u 200 S , 16 farb u 54 s/w-Abb; ISBN 978-0-19-087465-0
description: Journal für Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 24 Nr. 1 (2020): Journal für Kunstgeschichte
[Text on how the Tswefap community formed in Douala]
Creators: name: Tchatchouang, Guy
name: Hyman, Larry M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: nnz

description: See related item for transcription and translation. The contents of this bundle include two formats of recording for the same text. One version was made using the application Aikuma on an Android phone and the other was made simultaneously with a field recorder. Using the Aikuma app, Tchatchouang first recorded the text in Tswefap (these are the two recordings with '-text' in the title). The application then allows the user to listen back to short portions of the original recording and record a translation. The file with '-interpret' in the title contains these translations recorded via Aikuma. The file with '-trans' in the title contains the recording of the entire process of playback and translation recorded simultaneously with the field recorder. Finally, Aikuma produces a recording with the text and translation recordings interleaved (this is the recording with '-interleaved' in the title). The remaining files in the bundle are the Aikuma files required to produce the interleaved recording.
High order weight-adjusted discontinuous Galerkin methods for wave propagation on moving curved meshes
Creators: name: Guo, Kaihang
name: Chan, Jesse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents high order accurate discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for wave problems on moving curved meshes with general choices of basis and quadrature. The proposed method adopts an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation to map the acoustic wave equation from the time-dependent moving physical domain onto a fixed reference domain. For moving curved meshes, weighted mass matrices must be assembled and inverted at each time step when using explicit time stepping methods. We avoid this step by utilizing an easily invertible weight-adjusted approximation. The resulting semi-discrete weight-adjusted DG scheme is provably energy stable up to a term which converges to zero with the same rate as the optimal $L^2$ error estimate. Numerical experiments using both polynomial and B-spline bases verify the high order accuracy and energy stability of proposed methods.
Continuity versus cultural markers : results of the controlled surface collection of Tell Halula, North Syria
Creators: name: Mottram, Mandy
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: GN778.32.S95 M68 2010
subject: Excavations (Archaeology) Euphrates River Valley.
subject: Excavations (Archaeology) Syria Halula, Tell
subject: Neolithic period Euphrates River Valley.
subject: Neolithic period Syria Halula, Tell
subject: Halula, Tell (Syria) Antiquities
subject: Euphrates River Valley Antiquities.

description: This thesis provides the results of intensive surface investigations carried out in 1986 at Tell Halula, a complex multi-period site located in the Euphrates River valley in northern Syria. The research was undertaken with the twofold aim of obtaining a more precise understanding of the occupation history of the site, whilst demonstrating the effectiveness and increased benefits to be gained by the use of controlled collection methods for obtaining robust data from complex archaeological sites. The result is a biography of Tell Halula which traces its development from initial settlement, c. 7800 cal. BC, during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period, through to its abandonment at the end of the Late Assyrian period, c. 600 BC, and its later conversion to farmland during the Late Roman, Byzantine and Early Islamic periods, c. 450-925 AD, and again more recently during the Ottoman period, around 150 years ago. To build a picture of how the site developed, both physically and culturally, various strands of evidence are examined, including the evidence of dating and cultural affiliations obtained through comparative analysis of the artefact assemblages recovered by controlled collection, the results from subsequent excavations conducted on the site by the Universitat Aut{u00F2}noma de Barcelona, Spain, where available, and by spatial analysis of the collected material. For later periods historical resources and ethnographies are also used. The analyses demonstrate that important information can be derived from the continuity evident in the material. A main component of the thesis is the exploration of where the different settlements were located on the site and what their spatial extent and the artefact inventories suggest about the function or relative importance of the site at different times, in other words, how it functioned within the regional cultural landscape of each period. For several periods, notably the Halaf, this points to deficiencies in present characterisations of the society then existing and explanations of social development. Some revised perspectives are offered, based both directly on the results of the research and on the re-interpretation of existing material and literature in light of this research.
Fishers’ attributed causes of accidents and implications for prevention education
Creators: name: Brandlmayr, Victoria Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Commercial fishers are employed in one of the most dangerous jobs in Canada. Additionally, they tend both not to report work injuries and to deny and trivialize risks their job entails. This study focuses on fishers' subjective interpretation of their work environment. Its purposes were to examine fishers' attributed causes of accidents and to derive implications for prevention education. The researcher employed a qualitative methodology and interviewed 12 professional fishers who worked on the British Columbia coast. The interviews focused on fishers' descriptions of accidents and their attributed causes. Attribution theory was operationalized to provide a conceptual framework through which to analyze the 12 transcripts. The researcher transcribed the interviews, then highlighted and analyzed excerpts depicting the fishers' attributed causes of accidents. Three strategies were employed to examine the trustworthiness of the researcher's judgements regarding the transcripts and final interpretation of the data. The strategies were: use of a research partner (consistency), conducting a participant review (credibility), and comparison with another study (triangulation). The participants of this study attributed multiple causes to a given accident and their explanations were complex. The study found 22 categories of causes of accidents. The attributed causes from 9 of the 12 participants were distributed in all quadrants of attributions on the orienting framework (external/stable, external/unstable, internal/stable and internal/unstable). Five or more participants attributed the following as causes in their accidents: Economic Pressures, Luck or Fate, Weather Conditions Expected, Fatigue, and Stress. This study's results suggest that the techno-rational approach of existing traditional training programs, that concentrate on causes located mainly in the external/stable quadrant, does not concur with fishers' attributed causes of accidents. The study indicates that prevention education program content should be broadened to address the full spectrum of fishers' attributed causes of accidents. Through the utilization of fishers' attributed causes of accidents, prevention education programs could assist fishers to focus on their perceptions of occupational hazards and risks, and address questions of past risk taking and future risk assessment. From these insights fishers can review what can be done to control or eliminate a particular risk.
The Hamiltonian boundary term and quasi-local energy flux
Creators: name: Chen, Chiang-Mei
name: Nester, James M.
name: Tung, Roh-Suan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian for a gravitating region includes a boundary term which determines not only the quasi-local values but also, via the boundary variation principle, the boundary conditions. Using our covariant Hamiltonian formalism, we found four particular quasi-local energy-momentum boundary term expressions; each corresponds to a physically distinct and geometrically clear boundary condition. Here, from a consideration of the asymptotics, we show how a fundamental Hamiltonian identity naturally leads to the associated quasi-local energy flux expressions. For electromagnetism one of the four is distinguished: the only one which is gauge invariant; it gives the familiar energy density and Poynting flux. For Einstein's general relativity two different boundary condition choices correspond to quasi-local expressions which asymptotically give the ADM energy, the Trautman-Bondi energy and, moreover, an associated energy flux (both outgoing and incoming). Again there is a distinguished expression: the one which is covariant.
description: 12 pages, no figures, revtex4
Interpreting glottal flow dynamics for detecting COVID-19 from voice
Creators: name: Deshmukh, Soham
name: Ismail, Mahmoud Al
name: Singh, Rita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the pathogenesis of COVID-19, impairment of respiratory functions is often one of the key symptoms. Studies show that in these cases, voice production is also adversely affected -- vocal fold oscillations are asynchronous, asymmetrical and more restricted during phonation. This paper proposes a method that analyzes the differential dynamics of the glottal flow waveform (GFW) during voice production to identify features in them that are most significant for the detection of COVID-19 from voice. Since it is hard to measure this directly in COVID-19 patients, we infer it from recorded speech signals and compare it to the GFW computed from physical model of phonation. For normal voices, the difference between the two should be minimal, since physical models are constructed to explain phonation under assumptions of normalcy. Greater differences implicate anomalies in the bio-physical factors that contribute to the correctness of the physical model, revealing their significance indirectly. Our proposed method uses a CNN-based 2-step attention model that locates anomalies in time-feature space in the difference of the two GFWs, allowing us to infer their potential as discriminative features for classification. The viability of this method is demonstrated using a clinically curated dataset of COVID-19 positive and negative subjects.
Aspects of Phase Transition in Gauge-Higgs Unification at Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Maru, Nobuhito
name: Takenaga, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase transition in gauge-Higgs unification at finite temperature. In particular, we obtain the strong first order electroweak phase transition for a simple matter content yielding the correct order of Higgs mass at zero temperature. Two stage phase transition is found for a particular matter content, which is the strong first order at each stage. We further study supersymmetric gauge models with the Scherk-Schwarz supersymmetry breaking. We again observe the first order electroweak phase transition and multi stage phase transition.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, references corrected, minor correction
Effect of mantle oxidation state and escape upon the evolution of Earth's magma ocean atmosphere
Creators: name: Katyal, Nisha
name: Ortenzi, Gianluigi
name: Grenfell, John Lee
name: Noack, Lena
name: Sohl, Frank
name: Godolt, Mareike
name: Muñoz, Antonio García
name: Schreier, Franz
name: Wunderlich, Fabian
name: Rauer, Heike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magma ocean period was a critical phase determining how Earth atmosphere developed into habitability. However there are major uncertainties in the role of key processes such as outgassing from the planetary interior and escape of species to space that play a major role in determining the atmosphere of early Earth. We investigate the influence of outgassing of various species and escape of H$_2$ for different mantle redox states upon the composition and evolution of the atmosphere for the magma ocean period. We include an important new atmosphere-interior coupling mechanism namely the redox evolution of the mantle which strongly affects the outgassing of species. We simulate the volatile outgassing and chemical speciation at the surface for various redox states of the mantle by employing a C-H-O based chemical speciation model combined with an interior outgassing model. We then apply a line-by-line radiative transfer model to study the remote appearance of the planet in terms of the infrared emission and transmission. Finally, we use a parameterized diffusion-limited and XUV energy-driven atmospheric escape model to calculate the loss of H$_2$ to space. We have simulated the thermal emission and transmission spectra for reduced or oxidized atmospheres present during the magma ocean period of Earth. Reduced or thin atmospheres consisting of H$_2$ in abundance emit more radiation to space and have larger effective height as compared to oxidized or thick atmospheres which are abundant in H$_2$O and CO$_2$. We obtain the outgassing rates of H2 from the mantle into the atmosphere to be a factor of ten times larger than the rates of diffusion-limited escape to space. Our work presents useful insight into the development of Earth atmosphere during the magma ocean period as well as input to guide future studies discussing exoplanetary interior compositions.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication
Galactic Collapsed Objects
Creators: name: Ziólkowski, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our Galaxy contains some 10^8 to 10^9 collapsed objects (neutron stars and black holes). Our knowledge of them is based on less than 2000 objects identified as radio pulsars, members of X-ray binaries and magnetars. In this review I shall briefly discuss some of their properties such as masses, magnetic fields and rotation.
description: 15 pages; presented at Vulcano Workshop 2004; to be published in "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", 2005; corrected typos
Reduction of void content in laminated composites by mechanical vibrations
Creators: name: Muric-Nesic, Jelena
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: TA418.9.L3 M87 2010
subject: Laminated materials Mechanical properties
subject: Laminated materials Defects
subject: Laminated materials Vibration Research

description: Defects, such as voids and bubbles, are detrimental to mechanical properties of composite materials. Theory predicts and experiments show that mechanical properties deteriorate in the presence of voids, hence void management is critical to high quality composite parts. Eliminating common defects such as voids, bubbles, and poor adhesion at interfaces will increase the quality of laminated sandwich composite structure. There is evidence from previous research that mechanical vibrations applied during curing of a laminated composite can reduce the number of bubbles. Previous experiments provide guidelines for the exploration of vibrations as void eliminator in composites. This thesis reports experimental research results and analysis of the effect of mechanical vibrations applied to the curing system of composite materials production, particularly for minimizing void content. Range of frequency of vibrations covered was from 0 Hz to 40 kHz, for different period of vibrations (10-30 min), at different operating temperatures (20-55{u00B0}C), along with vacuum assistance. The composite laminates were made by hand lay-up using glass fibers and either vinyl-ester or epoxy resin, and examined under microscope to determine types and quantity of defects. The results showed remarkable reduction in void content when low frequency vibrations were applied (5-50 Hz). Void content was determined by optical microscopy. Details of internal structure were examined by scanning electron microscopy and computed tomography. Mechanical testing (flexural, tensile and shear) also supported these observations. After initial stage where electromagnetic shaker was introduced to the curing system, special apparatus (based on the Quickstep method) was built to 'explore suitable frequency range of vibrations for curing at elevated temperatures, supported with vacuum pump. Numerous tests were performed and conclusions are leading towards better mechanical properties of laminates cured with vibration assistance. Theoretical background is described taking into account various factors, such as temperature and viscosity, pressure variations, mass diffusion, and vibration itself as a complex process. Although there are still some unknown areas in the understanding of the process, some hypotheses made are supported and corroborated with experimental results.
Rheological controls on the dynamics of channeled lava flows
Creators: name: Robertson, Jesse Craig
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: QC809.F5 R63 2012
subject: Fluid dynamics Mathematical models
subject: Geophysics Mathematical models
subject: Lava flows
subject: Rheology

description: The influence of a viscoplastic lava rheology on the dynamics of channeled lava flows is analysed using numerical methods and analogue experiments. A numerical solution for the flow of a Bingham fluid in a rectangular channel is found using a multigrid-based augmented Lagrangian scheme. The numerical results show that an internal viscoplastic rheology significantly modifies the velocity distribution within a lava flow through the development of plug regions whose size is determined by the magnitude of the yield strength. The flow rate, maximum surface velocity and central plug dimensions are determined as functions of the channel geometry and fluid rheology, and comparisons between these and several limiting analytical solutions confirm the accuracy of the numerical method used. The results are also compared to incorrect models which have been proposed previously in the literature. Several algorithms that extend the results to different sets of measured initial parameters are outlined. The experiments used slurries of polyethylene glycol and kaolin, which flowed with a constant flux down an inclined channel under water. Three sets of complementary experiments are presented: isothermal, cooling, and solidifying flows which quantified the effects of the viscoplastic rheology on shear, internal convection and surface crust formation. The isothermal and cooling experiments showed the formation of unyielded central plug regions which were not broken up by the convective overturning. In the solidifying experiments flows fell into one of three regimes: a tube regime, in which crust covered the entire flow surface; a shear-dominant regime, with a mobile raft of crust in the channel centre and open shear zones near the walls; and a plug-dominant regime where the width of the central crust was determined by the width of the central plug region. The crust coverage is parameterized in terms of two dimensionless parameters: the ratio wp of central plug region width to channel width and a parameter {u03D1} which characterizes the relative importance of the strain and solidification rates. Finally typical lava flows on Mt Etna and the 1984 Mauna Loa lava flow are analysed to show that the parameterization agrees with lava flow crust widths observed in the field, and we find that even small yield strengths have a major effect on crust coverage. -- provided by Candidate.
Symmetry fingerprints of a benzene single-electron transistor
Creators: name: Begemann, Georg
name: Darau, Dana
name: Donarini, Andrea
name: Grifoni, Milena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between Coulomb interaction and orbital symmetry produces specific transport characteristics in molecular single electron transistors (SET) that can be considered as the fingerprints of the contacted molecule. Specifically we predict, for a benzene SET, selective conductance suppression and the appearance of negative differential conductance when changing the contacts from para to meta configuration. Both effects originate from destructive interference in transport involving states with orbital degeneracy.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
[Text on the chief who wanted to marry off his daughter]
Creators: name: Tchatchouang, Guy
name: Hyman, Larry M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: nnz

description: See related item for transcription and translation. The contents of this bundle include two formats of recording for the same text. One version was made using the application Aikuma on an Android phone and the other was made simultaneously with a field recorder. Using the Aikuma app, Tchatchouang first recorded the text in Tswefap (these are the two recordings with '-text' in the title). The application then allows the user to listen back to short portions of the original recording and record a translation. The file with '-interpret' in the title contains these translations recorded via Aikuma. The file with '-trans' in the title contains the recording of the entire process of playback and translation recorded simultaneously with the field recorder. Finally, Aikuma produces a recording with the text and translation recordings interleaved (this is the recording with '-interleaved' in the title). The remaining files in the bundle are the Aikuma files required to produce the interleaved recording.
Magnetic Constitution of Topologically Trivial Thermoelectric PbTe:Cr
Creators: name: Gas, Katarzyna
name: Krolicka, Aleksandra
name: Dybko, Krzysztof
name: Nowicki, Piotr
name: Khosravizadeh, Zeinab
name: Story, Tomasz
name: Sawicki, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we report on detailed temperature and magnetic field dependence of m agnetization of IV-VI semiconductor PbTe doped with mixed valence transition metal Cr$^{2+/3+}$. The material is studied solely by an integral superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer in order to quantitatively determine the contribution of single substitutional Cr$^{3+}$ as well as of various Cr-Te magnetic nanocrystals, including their identification. The applied experimental procedure reveals the presence of about $10^{19}$~cm$^{-3}$ paramagnetic Cr$^{3+}$ ions formed via self-ionization of Cr$^{2+}$ resonant donors. These are known to improve the thermoelectric figure of merit parameter zT of this semiconductor. The magnetic finding excellently agrees with previous Hall effect studies thus providing a new experimental support for the proposed electronic structure model of PbTe:Cr system with resonant Cr$^{2+/3+}$ state located (at low temperatures) about 100 meV above the bottom of the conduction band. Below room temperature a ferromagnetic-like signal points to the presence of Cr-rich nanocrystalline precipitates. Two most likely candidates, namely: Cr$_2$Te$_3$ and Cr$_5$Te$_8$ are identified upon dedicated temperature cycling of the sample at the remnant state. As an ensemble, the nanocrystals exhibits (blocked) superparamagnetic properties. The magnetic susceptibility of both n- and p-type PbTe in the temperature range $100 < T < 400$~K has been established. These magnitudes are essential in proper accounting for the high temperature magnetic susceptibility of PbTe:Cr.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Kinematics of Interstellar Gas in Nearby UV-Selected Galaxies Measured with HST/STIS Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Schwartz, C. M.
name: Martin, C. L.
name: Chandar, R.
name: Leitherer, C.
name: Heckman, T. M.
name: Oey, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure Doppler shifts of interstellar absorption lines in HST/STIS spectra of individual star clusters in nearby UV-selected galaxies. Values for systemic velocities, which are needed to quantify outflow speeds, are taken from the literature, and verified with stellar lines. We detect outflowing gas in eight of 17 galaxies via low-ionization lines (e.g., CII, SiII, AlII), which trace cold and/or warm gas. The starbursts in our sample are intermediate in luminosity (and mass) to dwarf galaxies and luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), and we confirm that their outflow speeds (ranging from -100 km/s to nearly -520 km/s with an accuracy of ~80 km/s) are intermediate to those previously measured in dwarf starbursts and LIRGs. We do not detect the outflow in high-ionization lines (such as CIV or SiIV); higher quality data will be needed to empirically establish how velocities vary with the ionization state of the outflow. We do verify that the low-ionization UV lines and optical NaI doublet give roughly consistent outflow velocities solidifying an important link between studies of galactic winds at low and high redshift. To obtain higher signal-to-noise, we create a local average composite spectrum, and compare it to the high-z Lyman Break composite spectrum. Surprisingly, the low-ionization lines show similar outflow velocities in the two samples. We attribute this to a combination of weighting towards higher luminosities in the local composite, as well as both samples being on average brighter than the ``turnover'' luminosity in the v-SFR relation.
description: 41 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
A Q-operator for the twisted XXX model
Creators: name: Korff, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taking the isotropic limit in a recent representation theoretic construction of Baxter's Q-operators for the XXZ model with quasi-periodic boundary conditions we obtain new results for the XXX model. We show that quasi-periodic boundary conditions are needed to ensure convergence of the Q-operator construction and derive a quantum Wronskian relation which implies two different sets of Bethe ansatz equations, one above the other below the "equator" of total spin zero. We discuss the limit to periodic boundary conditions at the end and explain how this construction might be useful in the context of correlation functions on the infinite lattice. We also identify a special subclass of solutions to the quantum Wronskian for chains up to a length of 10 sites and possibly higher.
description: 19 pages
Release of Various Elements from Organic Fertilizers Incubated in Organic and Non-organic Paddy Soils at Various Time Periods
Creators: name: Sukunya Yampracha
Publisher: name: King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
Year: 2019
Subjects: organic fertilizer phosphorus potassium calcium magnesium sodium

description: Current Applied Science and Technology, 19, 3, 276-288
Robust Reconstruction from Chopped and Nodded Images
Creators: name: Lenzen, Frank
name: Scherzer, Otmar
name: Schindler, Sabine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In ground based infrared imaging a well-known technique to reduce the influence of thermal and background noise is chopping and nodding, where four different signals of the same object are recorded from which the object is reconstructed numerically. Since noise in the data can severely affect the reconstruction, regularization algorithms have to be implemented. In this paper we propose to combine iterative reconstruction algorithms with robust statistical methods. Moreover, we study the use of multiple chopped data sets with different chopping amplitudes and the according numerical reconstruction algorithm. Numerical simulations show robustness of the proposed methods with respect to noisy data.
description: 8 pages
Stochasticity, decoherence and an arrow of time from the discretization of time?
Creators: name: Valsakumar, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Certain intriguing consequences of the discreteness of time on the time evolution of dynamical systems are discussed. In the discrete-time classical mechanics proposed here, there is an {\it arrow of time} that follows from the fact that the replacement of the time derivative by the backward difference operator alone can preserve the non-negativity of the phase space density. It is seen that, even for free particles, all the degrees of freedom are {\it correlated} in principle. The forward evolution of functions of phase space variables by a finite number of time steps, in this discrete-time mechanics, depends on the entire continuous-time history in the interval $[0, \infty]$. In this sense, discrete time evolution is {\it nonlocal} in time from a continuous-time point of view. A corresponding quantum mechanical treatment is possible {\it via} the density matrix approach. The interference between non-degenerate quantum mechanical states decays exponentially. This {\it decoherence} is present, in principle, for all systems; however, it is of practical importance only in macroscopic systems, or in processes involving large energy changes.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Probing dark photons in the early universe with big bang nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Li, Jung-Tsung
name: Fuller, George M.
name: Grohs, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform calculations of dark photon production and decay in the early universe for ranges of dark photon masses and vacuum coupling with standard model photons. Simultaneously and self-consistently with dark photon production and decay, our calculations include a complete treatment of weak decoupling and big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) physics. These calculations incorporate all relevant weak, electromagnetic, and strong nuclear reactions, including charge-changing (isospin-changing) lepton capture and decay processes. They reveal a rich interplay of dark photon production, decay, and associated out-of-equilibrium transport of entropy into the decoupling neutrino seas. Most importantly, the self-consistent nature of our simulations allows us to capture the magnitude and phasing of entropy injection and dilution. Entropy injection-induced alteration of the time-temperature-scale factor relation during weak decoupling and BBN leads to changes in the light element abundance yields and the total radiation content (as parametrized by $N_{\rm eff}$). These changes suggest ways to extend previous dark photon BBN constraints. However, our calculations also identify ranges of dark photon mass and couplings not yet constrained, but perhaps accessible and probable, in future Stage-4 cosmic microwave background experiments and future high precision primordial deuterium abundance measurements.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures; v2 match journal version, accepted for publication in JCAP
A scoping review of causal methods enabling predictions under hypothetical interventions
Creators: name: Lin, Lijing
name: Sperrin, Matthew
name: Jenkins, David A.
name: Martin, Glen P.
name: Peek, Niels
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background and Aims: The methods with which prediction models are usually developed mean that neither the parameters nor the predictions should be interpreted causally. However, when prediction models are used to support decision making, there is often a need for predicting outcomes under hypothetical interventions. We aimed to identify published methods for developing and validating prediction models that enable risk estimation of outcomes under hypothetical interventions, utilizing causal inference: their main methodological approaches, underlying assumptions, targeted estimands, and potential pitfalls and challenges with using the method, and unresolved methodological challenges. Methods: We systematically reviewed literature published by December 2019, considering papers in the health domain that used causal considerations to enable prediction models to be used for predictions under hypothetical interventions. Results: We identified 4919 papers through database searches and a further 115 papers through manual searches, of which 13 were selected for inclusion, from both the statistical and the machine learning literature. Most of the identified methods for causal inference from observational data were based on marginal structural models and g-estimation. Conclusions: There exist two broad methodological approaches for allowing prediction under hypothetical intervention into clinical prediction models: 1) enriching prediction models derived from observational studies with estimated causal effects from clinical trials and meta-analyses; and 2) estimating prediction models and causal effects directly from observational data. These methods require extending to dynamic treatment regimes, and consideration of multiple interventions to operationalise a clinical decision support system. Techniques for validating 'causal prediction models' are still in their infancy.
Probing CP-violation at colliders through interference effects in diboson production and decay
Creators: name: Kumar, Jason
name: Rajaraman, Arvind
name: Wells, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a CP-asymmetric observable that is sensitive to CP-violating interactions in the gauge-boson sector. We illustrate the utility of this observable by studying how well the LHC can measure the coefficient of a particular dimension-six WWZ operator. We find that sensitivity at the 10^{-3} level is possible at the LHC with 100 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity, which would greatly exceed the sensitivity achieved at LEP, and would rival or may even better the indirect sensitivities inferred from related operators constrained by electric dipole moment experiments.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX
Positivity preserving logarithmic Euler-Maruyama type scheme for stochastic differential equations
Creators: name: Yi, Yulian
name: Hu, Yaozhong
name: Zhao, Jingjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we propose a class of explicit positivity preserving numerical methods for general stochastic differential equations which have positive solutions. Namely, all the numerical solutions are positive. Under some reasonable conditions, we obtain the convergence and the convergence rate results for these methods. The main difficulty is to obtain the strong convergence and the convergence rate for stochastic differential equations whose coefficients are of exponential growth. Some numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the theoretical results for our schemes.
MS3 Open-Earth-Monitor system design and FAIR guidelines completed
Creators: name: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This milestone exclusively comprises the OEMC project activities from WP2, particularly those carried out for Deliverables 2.5 and 2.6 which includes the current status and descriptions alongside the current status of the use cases and their relation to the OEMC tasks.
Measurement of the CKM parameter cos(2phi_1) using time-dependent Dalitz analysis of B0bar -> D[Ks pi+ pi-] h0
Creators: name: Krokovny, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the angle phi1 of the CKM Unitarity Triangle using time-dependent Dalitz analysis of D -> Ks pi+ pi- decays produced in neutral B meson decay to a neutral D meson and a light meson (B0bar -> D(*) h0). The method allows a direct extraction of 2phi1 and, therefore, helps to resolve the ambiguity between 2phi1 and pi-2phi1 in the measurement of sin 2phi1. We obtain sin 2phi1=0.78+-0.44+-0.22 and cos 2phi1=1.87+0.40+0.22 -0.53-0.32 The sign of cos 2phi1 is determined to be positive at 98.3% C.L.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.Lett