cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Remote Control Design for a Ubiquitous Computing Ecology
Creators: name: Ledo, David
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: Human-Computer Interaction
subject: Interaction Design
subject: Ubiquitous Computing

description: Appliances can facilitate people’s interaction with them by outsourcing their inputs and outputs to remote controls. Remote controls can compensate for constraints in an appliance’s form factor, lessen overall cost, and enable distance interactions. Modern “smart appliances”, which can interconnect with other computational devices, take this one step further: a mobile device can control multiple appliances via custom interfaces with rich interaction capabilities. We foresee ubiquitous computing ecologies, where a room may have myriads of smart appliances all potentially controllable via a mobile device. However, this leads to four problems. It is difficult to: (1) discover which appliances are controllable; (2) select an individual appliance from the ecology; (3) view information about an appliance; and (4) pertinently reveal controls. We mitigate these problems by applying the theoretical concepts of proxemic interaction and gradual engagement to the design of mobile remote controls. In particular, our remote control designs mimic social protocols in which people orient towards and approach one another to mediate interpersonal interactions, except that in our case we mediate person to appliance interaction. This thesis covers and contributes a design exploration and prototype that demonstrates our application of these concepts.
Study of solid 4He in two dimensions. The issue of zero-point defects and study of confined crystal
Creators: name: Rossi, M.
name: Reatto, L.
name: Galli, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Defects are believed to play a fundamental role in the supersolid state of 4He. We report on studies by exact Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations at zero temperature of the properties of solid 4He in presence of many vacancies, up to 30 in two dimensions (2D). In all studied cases the crystalline order is stable at least as long as the concentration of vacancies is below 2.5%. In the 2D system for a small number, n_v, of vacancies such defects can be identified in the crystalline lattice and are strongly correlated with an attractive interaction. On the contrary when n_v~10 vacancies in the relaxed system disappear and in their place one finds dislocations and a revival of the Bose-Einstein condensation. Thus, should zero-point motion defects be present in solid 4He, such defects would be dislocations and not vacancies, at least in 2D. In order to avoid using periodic boundary conditions we have studied the exact ground state of solid 4He confined in a circular region by an external potential. We find that defects tend to be localized in an interfacial region of width of about 15 A. Our computation allows to put as upper bound limit to zero--point defects the concentration 0.003 in the 2D system close to melting density.
description: 17 pages, accepted for publication in J. Low Temp. Phys., Special Issue on Supersolids
The Role and Distribution of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors on Peripheral Myelinated Axons
Creators: name: Christensen, Pia Crone
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Axon
subject: Myelin
subject: Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors
subject: Ca2+
subject: Spectral Confocal Microscopy

description: The nervous system consists of both central and peripheral components. The CNS white matter and the PNS nerves consist of myelinated and unmyelinated axons, which play the critical role of transmitting electrical impulses. Axons from the CNS and PNS share many physiological similarities. The axons can be compromised in a number of neurological conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis and various peripheral neuropathies. Limited knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms of injury to non-neuronal cells, and in particular axons, exists. This thesis investigates the presence and function of ionotropic glutamatergic and purinergic receptors on PNS myelinated axons in relation to axonal Ca2+ dynamics and structural changes. To generalize these observations, the presence of glutamate receptor expression in human CNS white matter is also explored. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of glutamate receptors in rodent spinal roots and in human white matter. Transgenic mice, expressing an endogenous FRET-based Ca2+ biosensor, were used to visualize axonal Ca2+ dynamics in response to glutamatergic and purinergic receptor stimulation. Myelinic and axonal damage in response to glutamate receptors was quantitated using a 2D-FFT-based image analysis method. NMDA and AMPA receptors are present on PNS myelinated axons and in human CNS white matter. Glutamate and the more specific agonists NMDA and AMPA induce axonal Ca2+ changes. NMDA receptor activation induces morphological changes in axons and myelin, while AMPA receptor activation does not. Ionotropic purinergic receptor signalling is likely present in myelinated axons, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The data presented in this thesis support the notion of an axo-myelinic synapse using classical neurotransmitters by identifying receptors and effects of receptor activation in myelinated axons. The results highlight the importance of NMDA receptors in axo-glial signalling in the PNS. Glutamatergic signalling in the PNS may have important implications for PNS development, pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathies and for the understanding of PNS regeneration. Furthermore, the work presented here could be significant for the CNS, given the similarities in the physiology of CNS and PNS myelinated fibres.
SciModeler@MODELSWARD'21: Appendices
Creators: name: Nuijten, Raoul
name: Gorp, Pieter Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80604 Database Management
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: SciModeler is a metamodel and a graph-based tool prototype to: 1) encode theories in a semantic structure, 2) record the outcomes of empirical studies, and relate these to scientific theories, 3) query across different theories and supportive empirical data to explore latent relationships, and 4) identify opportunities for simplifying theories via graph transformations.
Fractional integration with singularity on the light-cone
Creators: name: Wang, Zipeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a family of convolution operators whose symbols and kernels have singularity on the light-cone in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$. First, we prove a desired ${\bf L}^p\to {\bf L}^q$ norm inequality which has been left open. Moreover, we obtain certain sharp regularity results for the cone multiplier problem of negative order.
description: There is a gap found in the proof of Theorem One from the previous version. We correct it in this new update
The Spin-down of Swift J1822.3-1606: A New Galactic Magnetar
Creators: name: Livingstone, Margaret A.
name: Scholz, Paul
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Ng, C. -Y.
name: Gavriil, Fotis P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 2011 July 14, a new magnetar candidate, Swift J1822.3-1606, was identified via a rate trigger on the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope. Here we present an initial analysis of the X-ray properties of the source, using data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, Swift, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, spanning 2011 July 16--September 22. We measure a precise spin period of P=8.43771963(5) s and a spin-down rate of 2.97(28)E-13, at MJD 55761.0, corresponding to an inferred surface dipole magnetic field strength of B=5.1E13 G, the second lowest thus far measured for a magnetar, though similar to 1E~2259+586 as well as to several high-magnetic field radio pulsars. We show that the pulsed X-ray flux decay in the 2--10 keV band is best fit by an exponential with a time constant of 16.4+/-0.3 days. After increasing from ~35% during the first week after the onset of the outburst, the pulsed fraction in the 2--10 keV band remained constant at ~45. We argue that these properties confirm this source to be a new member of the class of objects known as magnetars.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Hydration Rearrangement in the 4‐Aminobenzonitrile−(H2O)2 Cluster Induced by Photoionization: The Effect of Solvent‐Solvent Interactions
Creators: name: Matsuno, Risako
name: Dopfer, Otto
name: Fujii, Masaaki
name: Miyazaki, Mitsuhiko
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: solvation dynamics
subject: IR spectroscopy
subject: hydration
subject: ionization
subject: (H2O)2

description: The interplay between solute‐solvent and solvent‐solvent interactions plays an essential role in solvation dynamics that has important effects on the mechanism and dynamics of chemical reactions in solution. In this study, the rearrangement of the hydration shell induced by photoionization of a solute molecule is probed in a state‐ and isomer‐specific manner by resonant multiphoton ionization detected IR spectroscopy of the prototypical 4‐aminobenzonitrile−(H2O)2 cluster produced in a molecular beam. IR spectra reveal that the water molecules form a cyclic solvent network around the CN group in the initial neutral state (S0). Different from the singly‐hydrated cluster, in which either the CN or the NH2 group is hydrated, hydration of the NH2 group is not observed in the dihydrated cluster. IR spectra obtained after ionizing the solute molecule into the cation ground state (D0) exhibit features ascribed to both NH‐bound and CN‐bound isomers, indicating that water molecules migrate from the CN to the NH site upon ionization with a yield depending on the ionization excess energy. Analysis of the IR spectra as a function of the excess energy shows that migration produces two different NH2 solvated structures, namely (i) the most stable structure in which both N−H bonds are singly hydrated and (ii) the second most stable isomer in which one of the N−H bonds is hydrated by a H‐bonded (H2O)2 dimer. The product branching ratio of the two isomers depends on the excess energy. The role of the water‐water interaction in the hydration rearrangement is discussed based on the potential energy landscape. Solvation dynamics plays an important role in reaction mechanisms in the condensed phase, where not only solute‐solvent solvation but also solvent‐solvent interactions have a significant influence on the dynamics. Thus, the investigation of solvation dynamics at the molecular level substantially contributes to our understanding of the reaction mechanism. In this study, the dihydrated cluster of 4ABN was utilized as a model for the first solvation layer to elucidate solvent motions induced by ionization of the solute and the role of W−W interactions for the solvent relaxation.
Stability for a System of N Fermions Plus a Different Particle with Zero-Range Interactions
Creators: name: Correggi, M.
name: Dell'Antonio, G.
name: Finco, D.
name: Michelangeli, A.
name: Teta, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability problem for a non-relativistic quantum system in dimension three composed by $ N \geq 2 $ identical fermions, with unit mass, interacting with a different particle, with mass $ m $, via a zero-range interaction of strength $ α\in \R $. We construct the corresponding renormalised quadratic (or energy) form $ \form $ and the so-called Skornyakov-Ter-Martirosyan symmetric extension $ H_α $, which is the natural candidate as Hamiltonian of the system. We find a value of the mass $ m^*(N) $ such that for $ m > m^*(N)$ the form $ \form $ is closed and bounded from below. As a consequence, $ \form $ defines a unique self-adjoint and bounded from below extension of $ H_α$ and therefore the system is stable. On the other hand, we also show that the form $ \form $ is unbounded from below for $ m < m^*(2)$. In analogy with the well-known bosonic case, this suggests that the system is unstable for $ m < m^*(2)$ and the so-called Thomas effect occurs.
description: pdfLaTex, 26 pages
OverlapTransformer: An Efficient and Rotation-Invariant Transformer Network for LiDAR-Based Place Recognition
Creators: name: Ma, Junyi
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Xu, Jintao
name: Ai, Rui
name: Gu, Weihao
name: Chen, Xieyuanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Place recognition is an important capability for autonomously navigating vehicles operating in complex environments and under changing conditions. It is a key component for tasks such as loop closing in SLAM or global localization. In this paper, we address the problem of place recognition based on 3D LiDAR scans recorded by an autonomous vehicle. We propose a novel lightweight neural network exploiting the range image representation of LiDAR sensors to achieve fast execution with less than 2 ms per frame. We design a yaw-angle-invariant architecture exploiting a transformer network, which boosts the place recognition performance of our method. We evaluate our approach on the KITTI and Ford Campus datasets. The experimental results show that our method can effectively detect loop closures compared to the state-of-the-art methods and generalizes well across different environments. To evaluate long-term place recognition performance, we provide a novel dataset containing LiDAR sequences recorded by a mobile robot in repetitive places at different times. The implementation of our method and dataset are released here: https://github.com/haomo-ai/OverlapTransformer
description: Accepted by RAL/IROS 2022
The Anomalous Behavior of Solid $^{4}$He in Porous Vycor Glass
Creators: name: Mi, Xiao
name: Reppy, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low temperature properties of solid $^4$He contained in porous Vycor glass have been investigated utilizing a two-mode compound torsional oscillator. At low temperatures, we find period shift signals for the solid similar to those reported by Kim and Chan \cite{ref1}, which were taken at the time as evidence for a supersolid helium phase. The supersolid is expected to have properties analogous to those of a conventional superfluid, where the superfluid behavior is independent of frequency and the ratio of the superfluid signals observed at two different mode periods will depend only on the ratio of the sensitivities of the mode periods to mass-loading. In the case of helium studies in Vycor, one can compare the period shift signals seen for a conventional superfluid film with signals obtained for a supersolid within the same Vycor sample. We find, contrary to our own expectations, that the signals observed for the solid display a marked period dependence not seen in the case of the superfluid film. This surprising result suggests that the low temperature response of solid $^4$He in a Vycor is more complex than previously assumed and cannot be thought of as a simple superfluid.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
A Spatial Epidemiological Analysis of Stroke in Alberta, Canada, Using GIS.
Creators: name: Van Rheenen, Susan M.
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Stroke
subject: GIS
subject: Epidemiology

description: Stroke is the potentially devastating result of a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain. It is a leading cause of death and disability world wide and incidence is expected to increase due to an aging population and increased prevalence in risk factors. Epidemiological research can enhance our understanding of stroke as a health problem in the population with respect to the extent of disease incidence and prevalence, the efficacy of health care delivery for stroke prevention and acute care, and to inform public health policy and planning. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology and spatial methods provide the means to store and retrieve spatially indexed health data, display the spatial information in maps, and conduct analyses examining health service delivery and utilization. The overall objective of this research is to enrich our current understanding of stroke as a health problem in the province of Alberta, Canada. This thesis is comprised of three studies. The first study utilized GIS-based methods and administrative datasets to identify and locate significant clusters of high and low rates of the major stroke types and in-hospital mortality. Important questions were raised regarding why regional differences exist and how disparities might be mitigated. The second study expanded upon the cluster analysis with an examination of associations between selected predictors and stroke and mortality hot and cold spots, mortality at the individual level, and recurrent stroke, using multivariable logistic regression. Distance from specialized stroke care was a significant predictor of index and recurrent stroke and mortality. EMS transport and Comprehensive Stroke Centre care significantly lowered the odds of stroke mortality. The third study employed spatial methods to evaluate the concordance of GIS predicted versus actual EMS ground transport times and to estimate the proportion of the Alberta population with potential and realized access to stroke care within critical time windows. GIS methods predicted ground transport time with reasonable accuracy and there was expanded access to stroke care over a 5-year time span. This research highlights the benefits of incorporating spatial methods and GIS in epidemiological research to elucidate how and to what extent place matters to health.
title: Методики обследования физического развития и функциональной подготовленности в физической культуре и спорте
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2024

description: В издании подробно изложены теоретические и практические знания по оценке состояния здоровья спортсмена, приведены основные методики обследования его физического развития и функциональной подготовленности. Подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по укрупненной группе специальностей и направлений подготовки высшего образования «Образование и педагогические науки» и укрупненной группе направлений подготовки «Физическая культура и спорт», изучающих методы комплексной оценки физического развития и диагностики функциональной подготовленности в спорте. Кроме того, издание будет интересно профессиональным спортсменам, тренерам по всем видам спорта, спортивным врачам.
title: Биохимия и биохимия мышечной деятельности
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2024

description: Для решения многих задач, связанных с развитием массовой физической культуры и подготовки спортсменов, в практике спорта используются качественные и количественные методы биохимического контроля. Поэтому в помощь студентам были составлены лабораторные работы, соответствующие темам основного теоретического и практического курса биохимии и биохимии мышечной деятельности, с подробным описанием методики их выполнения. Основная цель издания — научить студентов производить расчеты и интерпретировать результаты полученных лабораторных исследований. Подготовлен в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Практикум предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по укрупненной группе направлений подготовки высшего образования «Физическая культура и спорт», изучающих дисциплину «Биохимия мышечной деятельности».
Imagining the possibilities : the creative agency of nostalgic reflection
Creators: name: Gervais, Joanne Nicole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: My video based visual art installation work considers narrative constructions of the past and their associated visual imagery as a means of generating alternative perspectives that foster constructive assertions of the present and serves in the formation of positive outlooks of the future. I propose that through nostalgic reflection of history, new possible meanings and understanding of the current situations can be imagined. Using video, sound recordings, archival film, photos, video sculpture and first person anecdotes I demonstrate, in two distinct shows, how alternative interpretations of events can be imagined. These exhibits explore how the rumination of past and present can stimulate self-reflexivity and creative engagement with consciousness thus fostering positive identity formation and social connectedness.
A Numerical Perspective on Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Theory
Creators: name: Lewin, Mathieu
name: Paul, Séverine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of choice for describing attractive quantum systems is Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory. This is a nonlinear model which allows for the description of pairing effects, the main explanation for the superconductivity of certain materials at very low temperature. This paper is the first study of Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory from the point of view of numerical analysis. We start by discussing its proper discretization and then analyze the convergence of the simple fixed point (Roothaan) algorithm. Following works by Cancès, Le Bris and Levitt for electrons in atoms and molecules, we show that this algorithm either converges to a solution of the equation, or oscillates between two states, none of them being a solution to the HFB equations. We also adapt the Optimal Damping Algorithm of Cancès and Le Bris to the HFB setting and we analyze it. The last part of the paper is devoted to numerical experiments. We consider a purely gravitational system and numerically discover that pairing always occurs. We then examine a simplified model for nucleons, with an effective interaction similar to what is often used in nuclear physics. In both cases we discuss the importance of using a damping algorithm.
Decision Problems for Recognizable Languages of Infinite Pictures
Creators: name: Finkel, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Altenbernd, Thomas and Wöhrle have considered in [ATW02] acceptance of languages of infinite two-dimensional words (infinite pictures) by finite tiling systems, with the usual acceptance conditions, such as the Büchi and Muller ones, firstly used for infinite words. Many classical decision problems are studied in formal language theory and in automata theory and arise now naturally about recognizable languages of infinite pictures. We first review in this paper some recent results of [Fin09b] where we gave the exact degree of numerous undecidable problems for Büchi-recognizable languages of infinite pictures, which are actually located at the first or at the second level of the analytical hierarchy, and "highly undecidable". Then we prove here some more (high) undecidability results. We first show that it is $Π_2^1$-complete to determine whether a given Büchi-recognizable languages of infinite pictures is unambiguous. Then we investigate cardinality problems. Using recent results of [FL09], we prove that it is $D_2(Σ_1^1)$-complete to determine whether a given Büchi-recognizable language of infinite pictures is countably infinite, and that it is $Σ_1^1$-complete to determine whether a given Büchi-recognizable language of infinite pictures is uncountable. Next we consider complements of recognizable languages of infinite pictures. Using some results of Set Theory, we show that the cardinality of the complement of a Büchi-recognizable language of infinite pictures may depend on the model of the axiomatic system ZFC. We prove that the problem to determine whether the complement of a given Büchi-recognizable language of infinite pictures is countable (respectively, uncountable) is in the class $Σ_3^1 \setminus (Π_2^1 \cup Σ_2^1)$ (respectively, in the class $Π_3^1 \setminus (Π_2^1 \cup Σ_2^1)$).
The Role of the Justice Motive in Reactions to Illness and Injury
Creators: name: Violato, Efrem
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Psychology--Social
subject: justice motive
subject: belief in a just world
subject: deservingness

description: Justice motive theory provides an account of people’s reactions to violations of their belief in a just world and the variable ways they will attempt to maintain their view of the world as just. Work in the area has extensively examined observer reactions to the fates of others. Less is known about how people react to injustice associated with their own outcomes. The present research examines justice relevant factors associated with experiencing injury or illness including fairness, deservingness, and the potential moderating effects of severity and responsibility. To assess these factors correlational, regression and MANOVA analysis were used. The potential for injury and illness to give rise to fairness and deservingness concerns was apparent for many but not all participants. In addition the hypothesized just world protective strategies of self-blame, self-derogation, compensatory cognition, and reevaluating the outcome were evident in participants’ reactions to infirmities.
Metal-insulator transition in the Edwards model
Creators: name: Fehske, H.
name: Ejima, S.
name: Wellein, G.
name: Bishop, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand how charge transport is affected by a background medium and vice versa we study a two-channel transport model which captures this interplay via a novel, effective fermion-boson coupling. By means of (dynamical) DMRG we prove that this model exhibits a metal-insulator transition at half-filling, where the metal typifies a repulsive Luttinger liquid and the insulator constitutes a charge density wave. The quantum phase transition point is determined consistently from the calculated photoemission spectra, the scaling of the Luttinger liquid exponent, the charge excitation gap, and the entanglement entropy.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, contributions to SCES 2011
Agile and Pro-Active Public Administration as a Collaborative Networked Organization
Creators: name: Cellary, Wojciech
name: Picard, Willy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.1; K.4.3

description: In highly competitive, globalized economies and societies of always-on-line people intensively using the Internet and mobile phones, public administrations have to adapt to new challenges. Enterprises and citizens expect public administrations to be agile and pro-active to foster development. A way to achieve agility and pro-activity is application of a model of Collaborative Network Organizations in its two forms: Virtual Organizations (VO) and Virtual Organization Breeding Environments (VOBE). In the paper, advantages are shown of public administration playing a role of a Virtual Organization customer on the one hand, and a Virtual Organization member on the other hand. It is also shown how public administration playing a role of a Virtual Organization Breeding Environment may improve its agility and promote advanced technologies and management methods among local organizations. It is argued in the paper that public administration should provide a Virtual Organization Breeding Environment as a part of public services.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Unconventional Surface State Pairs in a High-Symmetry Lattice with Anti-ferromagnetic Band-folding
Creators: name: Wang, L. -L.
name: Ahn, J.
name: Slager, R. -J.
name: Kushnirenko, Y.
name: Ueland, B. G.
name: Sapkota, A.
name: Schrunk, B.
name: Kuthanazhi, B.
name: McQueeney, R. J.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Kaminski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many complex magnetic structures in a high-symmetry lattice can arise from a superposition of well-defined magnetic wave vectors. These "multi-q" structures have garnered much attention because of interesting real-space spin textures such as skyrmions. However, the role multi-q structures play in the topology of electronic bands in momentum space has remained rather elusive. Here we show that the type-I anti-ferromagnetic 1q, 2q and 3q structures in an face-centered cubic sublattice with band inversion, such as NdBi, can induce unconventional surface state pairs inside the band-folding hybridization bulk gap. Our density functional theory calculations match well with the recent experimental observation of unconventional surface states with hole Fermi arc-like features and electron pockets below the Neel temperature. We further show that these multi-q structures have Dirac and Weyl nodes. Our work reveals the special role that band-folding from anti-ferromagnetism and multi-q structures can play in developing new types of surface states.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures
On the Physical Problem of Spatial Dimensions: An Alternative Procedure to Stability Arguments
Creators: name: Caruso, Francisco
name: Xavier, Roberto Moreira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Why is space 3-dimensional? The first answer to this question, entirely based on Physics, was given by Ehrenfest, in 1917, who showed that the stability requirement for $n$-dimensional two-body planetary system very strongly constrains space dimensionality, favoring 3-d. This kind of approach will be generically called "stability postulate" throughout this paper and was shown by Tangherlini, in 1963, to be still valid in the framework of general relativity as well as for quantum mechanical hydrogen atom, giving the same constraint for space-dimensionality. In the present work, before criticizing this methodology, a brief discussion has been introduced, aimed at stressing and clarifying some general physical aspects of the problem of how to determine the number of space dimensions. Then, the epistemological consequences of Ehrenfest's methodology are critically reviewed. An alternative procedure to get at the proper number of dimensions, in which the stability postulate (and the implicit singularities in three-dimensional physics) are not an essential part of the argument, is proposed. In this way, the main epistemological problems contained in Ehrenfest's original idea are avoided. The alternative methodology proposed in this paper is realized by obtaining and discussing the $n$-dimensional quantum theory as expressed in Planck's law, de Broglie relation and the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. As a consequence, it is possible to propose an experiment, based on thermal neutron diffraction by crystals, to directly measure space dimensionality. Finally the distinguished role of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory in the determination of space dimensionality is stressed.
description: 23 pages
Electrical and structural characterization of (KxNa1-x)NbO3 ceramics modified with Li and Ta
Creators: name: Mgbemere, Henry Ekene
name: Hinterstein, Jan Manuel
name: Schneider, Gerold A.
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: (KxNa1-x)NbO3
subject: Ferroelektrische Keramik
subject: die Synchrotronstrahlung
subject: ferroelectric ceramics
subject: phase transition
subject: synchrotron radiation
subject: Ferroelektrische Phasenumwandlung
subject: Keramik
subject: 530

description: (KxNa1-x)NbO3 ceramics modified with Li+ and Ta5+ have been produced using the mixed-oxide synthesis method. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements were made on the samples from 12K to temperatures above their ferroelectric-paraelectric transition points with 10K measurement steps. Rietveld refinement using FULLPROF suite was used to refine the patterns. Depending on the composition and temperature, rhomhohedral phases, orthorhombic phases, tetragonal phases, cubic phases and two-phase mixtures were obtained. R3c (161), Amm2 (38), P4mm (99), (221) space groups and their combinations were used to refine the rhombohedral, orthorhombic, tetragonal, cubic and the mixed phases respectively. Li+ addition suppressed the formation of the rhombohedral low temperature phase and increased the Curie temperature. This is attributed to size difference in ionic radii of the A-site elements which leads to increased atomic polarizability and increased interaction with the B-site element. Li+ and Ta5+ co-doping led to a wide temperature range of phase coexistence between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phase. Electrical characterizations by dielectric and hysteresis measurements were used to compare with the results from the structural studies.
A note on three consecutive powerful numbers
Creators: name: Chan, Tsz Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This note concerns the non-existence of three consecutive powerful numbers. We use Pell equations, elliptic curves, and second-order recurrences to show that there are no such triplets with the middle term a perfect cube and each of the other two having only a single prime factor raised to an odd power.
description: 7 pages
Distributed Reasoning in a Peer-to-Peer Setting: Application to the Semantic Web
Creators: name: Adjiman, P.
name: Chatalic, P.
name: Goasdoue, F.
name: Rousset, M. C.
name: Simon, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a peer-to-peer inference system, each peer can reason locally but can also solicit some of its acquaintances, which are peers sharing part of its vocabulary. In this paper, we consider peer-to-peer inference systems in which the local theory of each peer is a set of propositional clauses defined upon a local vocabulary. An important characteristic of peer-to-peer inference systems is that the global theory (the union of all peer theories) is not known (as opposed to partition-based reasoning systems). The main contribution of this paper is to provide the first consequence finding algorithm in a peer-to-peer setting: DeCA. It is anytime and computes consequences gradually from the solicited peer to peers that are more and more distant. We exhibit a sufficient condition on the acquaintance graph of the peer-to-peer inference system for guaranteeing the completeness of this algorithm. Another important contribution is to apply this general distributed reasoning setting to the setting of the Semantic Web through the Somewhere semantic peer-to-peer data management system. The last contribution of this paper is to provide an experimental analysis of the scalability of the peer-to-peer infrastructure that we propose, on large networks of 1000 peers.
title: Chemie, Information, Bibliothek und Geschichte - Schnappschuss der Webseiten unter http://www.tu-harburg.de/b/hapke/ am 1. November 2007
title: Chemistry, information, library and history - snapshot of the web pages in http://www.tu-harburg.de/b/hapke/ as of November 1, 2007
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Hapke, Thomas
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: library
subject: information literacy
subject: information
subject: chemistry
subject: history
subject: librarian
subject: 020: Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft
subject: 06.30:Bibliothekswesen, Dokumentationswesen: Allgemeines
subject: Bibliothek
subject: Informationskompetenz
subject: Information
subject: Chemie
subject: Bibliothekar
subject: Geschichte
subject: 06.30
subject: 020

description: Archiv und Schnappschuss der Webseiten unter http://www.tu-harburg.de/b/hapke/ vom 1. November 2007.
description: Archive and snapshot of the web pages in http://www.tu-harburg.de/b/hapke/ as of November 1, 2007.
Control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis on Western Canadian dairy farms: Prevalence, diagnostics and risk factors
Creators: name: Wolf, Robert
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Veterinary Science
subject: Paratuberculosis

description: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic, nontreatable enteritis of ruminants. The pathogen causes substantial losses to the dairy industry and might be associated with Crohn’s disease in humans. Eradication of MAP through programs that are solely based on ‘test and cull’ is ineffective because current tests lack sufficient accuracy for reliable detection of infected cattle. Consequently, current MAP control programs focus on prevention of new infections through implementation of best management practices. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the Alberta Johne’s Disease Initiative (AJDI), a management-based MAP control program. Research in this thesis focussed on estimating MAP herd-prevalence, evaluating environmental samples as a diagnostic tool, identifying risk factors for MAP infection, and identifying factors that influenced management improvements. A total of 370 farms participated in the AJDI and were visited annually by their herd veterinarians who conducted risk assessments, collected environmental fecal samples, and discussed management changes. Sixty-eight percent of Alberta dairy farms were MAP-infected and environmental samples collected from lactating cow alleyways and manure lagoons were most frequently culture-positive, suggesting that these samples are important to guarantee high environmental sample accuracy. Furthermore, farms with manure-contaminated cattle and pens, poor feed hygiene, or high purchase rates and low purchase precautions were more likely to be MAP-infected; therefore; improvements in these management areas might be most effective in controlling the spread of MAP. Although most farms subsequently improved management, positive test results and agreed management changes increased the rate of management improvements (which were cost effective). It is noteworthy that the current program overlooks hygiene of young cattle, because 2% of heifers shed MAP which indicates that management improvements in this area may reduce MAP transmission.
Parameter-free prediction of phase transition in PbTiO3 through combination of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Liu, Zi-Kui
name: Shang, Shun-Li
name: Du, Jinglian
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamics of ferroelectric materials and their ferroelectric to paraelectric (FE-PE) transitions including those in PbTiO3 is commonly described by the phenomenological Landau theory and more recently by effective Hamiltonian and various potentials, all with model parameters fitted to experimental or theoretical data. Here we show that the zentropy theory, which considers the total entropy of a system as a weighted sum of entropies of configurations that the system may experience and the statistical entropy among the configurations, can predict the FE-PE transition without fitting parameters. For PbTiO3, the configurations are identified as the FE configurations with 90- or 180-degree domain walls in addition to the ground state of the FE configuration without domain wall. With the domain wall energies predicted from first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory in the literature as the only inputs, the FE-PE transition for PbTiO3 is predicted showing remarkable agreement with experiments, unveiling the microscopic fundamentals of the transition.
The regulation of human airway epithelial expression of viperin by human rhinovirus
Creators: name: Pelikan, Jonathan Benjamin
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: Health Sciences

description: Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a major trigger of exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke is the primary cause of COPD, and 25% of asthmatics smoke. Asthmatic subjects who smoke have more severe disease. Smokers also have more frequent and severe viral infections. Viperin is a novel antiviral molecule that is induced in airway epithelial cells following HRV infection and that inhibits replication of HRV in these cells. We investigated the mechanisms of HRV-induced epithelial viperin expression, and the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on this expression. We show that viperin expression is transcriptionally regulated and is dependent on induction and DNA binding of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1). We showed that CSE inhibits HRV-induced viperin mRNA and protein expression but that CSE does not alter HRV-induced promoter activation, raising the possibility that CSE-mediated inhibition of viperin induction is due to epigenetic regulation.
Adaptive Optics for Astronomy
Creators: name: Davies, R.
name: Kasper, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adaptive Optics is a prime example of how progress in observational astronomy can be driven by technological developments. At many observatories it is now considered to be part of a standard instrumentation suite, enabling ground-based telescopes to reach the diffraction limit and thus providing spatial resolution superior to that achievable from space with current or planned satellites. In this review we consider adaptive optics from the astrophysical perspective. We show that adaptive optics has led to important advances in our understanding of a multitude of astrophysical processes, and describe how the requirements from science applications are now driving the development of the next generation of novel adaptive optics techniques.
description: to appear in ARA&A vol 50, 2012
title: Polymer Based Layer-by-Layer Antimicrobial Coatings
Creators: name: Gibbons, Ella Nicole
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2023

description: In the face of the ever-relevant struggle against microbial pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance, continued development of novel approaches for the prevention of infection, thus circumventing need for treatment, are of deep importance. In this work, a series of model multilayer systems were created via layer-bylayer deposition and assessed for their antimicrobial activity against the Gram negative E. coli and the Gram positive S. aureus. Each multilayer system was comprised of repetitive units of either two components (bilayers) or three components (trilayers). Layer components constituted of synthetic polymers (Nafion, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and a methacrylate block copolymer), biomolecules (chitosan and lysozyme), along with oxides and nanoparticles (cerium oxide, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots and carbon dots). An initial monolayer system was created using Nafion, a synthetic polymer with excellent mechanical properties, offering a stable foundation for subsequent layers. Multilayer systems were built upon this using various compounds in order to enhance antimicrobial activity. Through tailoring of multilayer components, systems could be taken from being more effective against a single type of bacteria to possessing equal activity against both Gram positive and negative bacteria, such as with the addition of lysozyme into a Nafion/ chitosan system. This addition bolstered activity against E. coli from 76.4% to 99.96%, matching the 99.98% activity against S. aureus. The Nafion itself could be substituted as a layer component with another synthetic polymer, with a GO/PVP system providing antimicrobial activity in a similar range to its Nafion/GO counterpart; 90.8% and 95.7% compared with 96.3% and 98.9% against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. QCM-D was used to control the deposition of each multilayer component, ensuring uniform layers and reproducibility. Biological properties were investigated using a qualitative haemotoxicity test, which found all systems to be non-haemotoxic, and circular dichroism to assess interactions between lysozyme and other compounds, which found Nafion to provide a heat stabilising effect on the enzyme. Physical properties were explored, using contact angle measurement to determine levels of hydrophobicity/ hydrophilicity, zeta surface potential measurements to assess interaction between layers, and AFM to measure surface roughness. Overall, all multilayer systems expressed excellent antimicrobial activity against the representative Gram positive and Gram negative species, with both favourable synergy and interchangeability between layer components. Layerby- layer deposition has shown itself to be a facile and effective method for the production of multilayer coatings with a range of physical and biological properties.