cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing Multimodal Embeddings for Linguistic Properties: the Visual-Semantic Case
Creators: name: Lindström, Adam Dahlgren
name: Bensch, Suna
name: Björklund, Johanna
name: Drewes, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic embeddings have advanced the state of the art for countless natural language processing tasks, and various extensions to multimodal domains, such as visual-semantic embeddings, have been proposed. While the power of visual-semantic embeddings comes from the distillation and enrichment of information through machine learning, their inner workings are poorly understood and there is a shortage of analysis tools. To address this problem, we generalize the notion of probing tasks to the visual-semantic case. To this end, we (i) discuss the formalization of probing tasks for embeddings of image-caption pairs, (ii) define three concrete probing tasks within our general framework, (iii) train classifiers to probe for those properties, and (iv) compare various state-of-the-art embeddings under the lens of the proposed probing tasks. Our experiments reveal an up to 12% increase in accuracy on visual-semantic embeddings compared to the corresponding unimodal embeddings, which suggest that the text and image dimensions represented in the former do complement each other.
description: Submitted July 1 2020, COLING 2020 main conference
7D Randall-Sundrum cosmology, brane-bulk energy exchange and holography
Creators: name: Mazzanti, Liuba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the cosmological implications and the holographic dual theory of the 7D Randall-Sundrum (RS) gravitational set-up. Adding generic matter in the bulk on the 7D gravity side we study the cosmological evolution inferred by the non vanishing value of the brane-bulk energy exchange parameter. This analysis is achieved in detail for specific assumptions on the internal space evolution, including analytical considerations and numerical results. The dual theory is then constructed, making use of the holographic renormalization procedure. The resulting renormalized 6D CFT is anomalous and coupled to 6D gravity plus higher order corrections. The critical point analysis on the brane is performed. Finally, we sketch a comparison between the two dual descriptions. We moreover generalize the AdS/CFT dual theory to the non conformal and interacting case, relating the energy exchange parameter of the bulk gravity description to the new interactions between hidden and visible sectors.
description: 82 pages, 6 figures. Version accepted for publication; clarifications added in eq.(4), section VII.D, below eq.(102) and in appendix A; references added
Nanophotonic chiral sensing: How does it actually work?
Creators: name: Both, Steffen
name: Schäferling, Martin
name: Sterl, Florian
name: Muljarov, Egor
name: Giessen, Harald
name: Weiss, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanophotonic chiral sensing has recently attracted a lot of attention. The idea is to exploit the strong light-matter interaction in nanophotonic resonators to determine the concentration of chiral molecules at ultra-low thresholds, which is highly attractive for numerous applications in life science and chemistry. However, a thorough understanding of the underlying interactions is still missing. The theoretical description relies on either simple approximations or on purely numerical approaches. We close this gap and present a general theory of chiral light-matter interactions in arbitrary resonators. Our theory describes the chiral interaction as a perturbation of the resonator modes, also known as resonant states or quasi-normal modes. We observe two dominant contributions: A chirality-induced resonance shift and changes in the modes excitation and emission efficiencies. Our theory brings new and deep insights for tailoring and enhancing chiral light-matter interactions. Furthermore, it allows to predict spectra much more efficiently in comparison to conventional approaches. This is particularly true as chiral interactions are inherently weak and therefore perturbation theory fits extremely well for this problem.
description: Main text and Supporting Information
The structure of N(1535) in the aspect of chiral symmetry
Creators: name: Jido, Daisuke
name: Hyodo, Tetsuo
name: Hosaka, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of N(1535) is discussed in dynamical and symmetry aspects based on chiral symmetry. We find that the N(1535) in chiral unitary model has implicitly some components other than meson-baryon one. We also discuss the N(1535) in the chiral doublet picture.
description: 4 pages, no figure, talk given at Workshop on Chiral Symmetry in Hadron and Nuclear Physics: Chiral07, Osaka, Japan, 13-16 Nov 2007
The complementary roles of interferometry and asteroseismology in determining the mass of solar-type stars
Creators: name: Creevey, O. L.
name: Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.
name: Metcalfe, T. S.
name: Brown, T. M.
name: Jiménez-Reyes, S. J.
name: Belmonte, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How important is an independent diameter measurement for the determination of stellar parameters of solar-type stars? When coupled with seismic observables, how well can we determine the stellar mass? If we can determine the radius of the star to between 1% and 4%, how does this affect the theoretical uncertainties? Interferometry can provide an independent radius determination and it has been suggested that we should expect at least a 4% precision on such a measurement for nearby solar-type stars. This study aims to provide both qualitative and quantitive answers to these questions for a star such as our Sun, where seismic information will be available. We show that the importance of an independent radius measurement depends on the combination of observables available and the size of the measurement errors. It is important for determining all stellar parameters and in particular the mass, where a good radius measurement can even allow us to determine the mass with a precision better than 2%. Our results also show that measuring the small frequency separation significantly improves the determination of the evolutionary stage and the mixing-length parameter.
description: 7 pages text; 6 pages ref+figures+tables; accepted by ApJ; uses emulateapj5
The likelihood-ratio test for multi-edge network models
Creators: name: Casiraghi, Giona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complexity underlying real-world systems implies that standard statistical hypothesis testing methods may not be adequate for these peculiar applications. Specifically, we show that the likelihood-ratio test's null-distribution needs to be modified to accommodate the complexity found in multi-edge network data. When working with independent observations, the p-values of likelihood-ratio tests are approximated using a $χ^2$ distribution. However, such an approximation should not be used when dealing with multi-edge network data. This type of data is characterized by multiple correlations and competitions that make the standard approximation unsuitable. We provide a solution to the problem by providing a better approximation of the likelihood-ratio test null-distribution through a Beta distribution. Finally, we empirically show that even for a small multi-edge network, the standard $χ^2$ approximation provides erroneous results, while the proposed Beta approximation yields the correct p-value estimation.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Three-particle azimuthal correlations and Mach shocks
Creators: name: Renk, Thorsten
name: Ruppert, Jorg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of angular correlations of hadrons with a (semi-)hard trigger hadron in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC show large angular structures opposite to the trigger which were a priori unexpected. These away side large angle correlations were first observed in two-particle correlations and have recently also been investigated in three-particle correlation measurements by the PHENIX and STAR collaborations. We show that the correlation signal can be understood in terms of sonic shockwaves ('Mach cones') excited by hard partons supersonically traversing the medium. The propagation of such shocks through the medium evolution is treated in a Monte Carlo (MC) framework. We demonstrate that two- and especially three-particle correlations offer non-trivial insight into the medium-averaged speed of sound and the evolution of flow. Our findings imply that the assumption of "deflected jets" is not necessary to account for the observed correlations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
An Efficient Forecasting Approach to Reduce Boundary Effects in Real-Time Time-Frequency Analysis
Creators: name: Meynard, Adrien
name: Wu, Hau-Tieng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Time-frequency (TF) representations of time series are intrinsically subject to the boundary effects. As a result, the structures of signals that are highlighted by the representations are garbled when approaching the boundaries of the TF domain. In this paper, for the purpose of real-time TF information acquisition of nonstationary oscillatory time series, we propose a numerically efficient approach for the reduction of such boundary effects. The solution relies on an extension of the analyzed signal obtained by a forecasting technique. In the case of the study of a class of locally oscillating signals, we provide a theoretical guarantee of the performance of our approach. Following a numerical verification of the algorithmic performance of our approach, we validate it by implementing it on biomedical signals.
Zwischen Theorie, Praxis und Corona - Das wissenschaftliche Volontariat im Museum
Creators: name: Bego-Ghina, Benedikt
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: Der Berufsweg ins Museum führt nach einem entsprechenden Studium im Regelfall zunächst über ein zweijähriges wissenschaftliches Volontariat. Welche Erfahrungen die Volontär*innen in dieser Zeit machen, ist dabei so vielfältig wie die deutsche Museumslandschaft selbst, denn die Organisation und Ausgestaltung der Volontariate liegen bei den Museen, die diese spezielle Form der Ausbildung anbieten. Bereits zum zweiten Mal werden in der ZEITARBEIT nun die Ergebnisse der Volontariatsumfrage vorgestellt, die der Arbeitskreis Volontariat des Deutschen Museumsbunds auch 2020 wieder erhoben hat.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 (2021)
Robust formation of nanoscale magnetic skyrmions in easy-plane thin film multilayers with low damping
Creators: name: Flacke, Luis
name: Ahrens, Valentin
name: Mendisch, Simon
name: Körber, Lukas
name: Böttcher, Tobias
name: Meidinger, Elisabeth
name: Yaqoob, Misbah
name: Müller, Manuel
name: Liensberger, Lukas
name: Kákay, Attila
name: Becherer, Markus
name: Pirro, Philipp
name: Althammer, Matthias
name: Geprägs, Stephan
name: Huebl, Hans
name: Gross, Rudolf
name: Weiler, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate the formation of room-temperature skyrmions with radii of about 25\,nm in easy-plane anisotropy multilayers with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). We detect the formation of individual magnetic skyrmions by magnetic force microscopy and find that the skyrmions are stable in out-of-plane fields up to about 200 mT. We determine the interlayer exchange coupling as well as the strength of the interfacial DMI. Additionally, we investigate the dynamic microwave spin excitations by broadband magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the uniform Kittel mode we determine the magnetic anisotropy and low damping $α_{\mathrm{G}} < 0.04$. We also find clear magnetic resonance signatures in the non-uniform (skyrmion) state. Our findings demonstrate that skyrmions in easy-plane multilayers are promising for spin-dynamical applications.
Cross Ratios and Identities for Higher Thurston Theory
Creators: name: Labourie, F.
name: McShane, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalise in this article the Mc Shane-Mirzakhani identities in hyperbolic geometry to arbitrary cross ratios. We give an expression of them in the case of Hitchin representations of surface groups in PSL(n, R) in a suitable choice of Fock-Goncharov coordinates.
description: 64 pages, 5 figures The new version corrects many typos, sign errors and imprecisions. The writing has been hopefully improved. The mathematical content is identical
Ψηφιακός γραμματισμός και χρήση web 2.0 εργαλείων στη δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση
Creators: name: Κυρμανίδου, Μαρία Κωνσταντίνου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2016
Subjects: web 2.0 εργαλεία
Ψηφιακός γραμματισμός
Παιδαγωγική 2.0
web 2.0 tools
Digital literacy
Pedagogy 2.0

description: Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τον τρόπο ένταξης καθώς και τα χαρακτηριστικά και τις δυνατότητες των web 2.0 εργαλείων που αξιοποιούνται κατά τη διαδικασία της μάθησης στη δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση. Αρχικά αναλύονται τα γνωρίσματα και οι κατηγορίες αυτών των εργαλείων βάσει ξένης και εγχώριας βιβλιογραφίας, ενώ συνδέεται η αξιοποίηση τους με νέες παιδαγωγικές πρακτικές και στρατηγικές διδασκαλίας στη σύγχρονη μάθηση. Παρουσιάζονται οι όροι του ψηφιακού γραμματισμού, της συμμετοχικής κουλτούρας και της Παιδαγωγικής 2.0, έννοιες κλειδιά στο νέο μοντέλο μάθησης που εμφανίζεται με την έλευση του web 2.0 ιστού. Παράλληλα με την ποιοτική έρευνα της συνέντευξης καταγράφονται οι κατηγορίες web 2.0 εργαλείων, ο τρόπος και η φύση ενσωμάτωσης τους εντός και εκτός σχολικής τάξης, ενώ αναδεικνύονται και οι ανασταλτικοί παράγοντες που εμποδίζουν τη συστηματική υιοθέτηση τους στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Τέλος, τονίζεται η ύπαρξη παραδοσιακών προβλημάτων του εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος που εμποδίζουν με τη σειρά τους την ουσιαστική και πληρέστερη αξιοποίηση αυτών των εργαλείων.
description: This present dissertation deals with the characteristics and potentialities of the web 2.0 tools as well as the ways of their incorporation in the learning process in secondary education. Firstly, the features and the categories of these tools are examined on the basis of foreign and domestic literature and their use is linked with new pedagogical practices and teaching strategies in modern learning. The terms of digital literacy, participatory culture and Pedagogy 2.0 are presented, which are key- concepts in the new model of learning that occurs with introduction of web 2.0. Alongside the qualitative interview research, web 2.0 tools categories and the ways for the incorporation inside and outside the classroom are presented as well, while the inhibitory factors that prevent them to be adopted in the educational process are also highlighted. Finally, the fact that the educational system has traditional problems that inhibit the substantial and complete use of these tools becomes more obvious.
Virtuelle Realität im Museum
Creators: name: Maurer, Lars
name: Bilgic Istoc, Selim
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: Am Beispiel der Discovery Tours des französischen Softwareherstellers Ubisoft sollen die Möglichkeiten und der Mehrwert des Einsatzes von Videospielen für museale Ausstellungen untersucht werden. Nach der inhaltlichen Auseinandersetzung mit der (didaktischen) Nutzbarmachung von Geschichte im Videospiel, schließen sich zwei Interviews mit Dr. Winfried Bergmeyer, langjähriger Sammlungsleiter des Computerspielmuseums in Berlin, sowie Maxime Durand, kanadischer Historiker und World Design Director bei Ubisoft Montreal, an.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 (2021)
Electrodynamics of the vanadium oxides VO2 and V2O3
Creators: name: Qazilbash, M. M.
name: Schafgans, A. A.
name: Burch, K. S.
name: Yun, S. J.
name: Chae, B. G.
name: Kim, B. J.
name: Kim, H. T.
name: Basov, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical/infrared properties of films of vanadium dioxide (VO2) and vanadium sesquioxide (V2O3) have been investigated via ellipsometry and near-normal incidence reflectance measurements from far infrared to ultraviolet frequencies. Significant changes occur in the optical conductivity of both VO2 and V2O3 across the metal-insulator transitions at least up to (and possibly beyond) 6 eV. We argue that such changes in optical conductivity and electronic spectral weight over a broad frequency range is evidence of the important role of electronic correlations to the metal-insulator transitions in both of these vanadium oxides. We observe a sharp optical transition with possible final state (exciton) effects in the insulating phase of VO2. This sharp optical transition occurs between narrow a1g bands that arise from the quasi-one-dimensional chains of vanadium dimers. Electronic correlations in the metallic phases of both VO2 and V2O3 lead to reduction of the kinetic energy of the charge carriers compared to band theory values, with paramagnetic metallic V2O3 showing evidence of stronger correlations compared to rutile metallic VO2.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
unbekannte Nordhäuser Siegelsammlung und Studierende als Siegelkundler*innen
Creators: name: Weiss, Miriam
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: In diesem Beitrag wird ein im Rahmen einer universitären Übung unternommene Versuch beschrieben, in welchem sich Studierende gemeinsam mit einer Dozentin einer bislang weitestgehend unbekannten Nordhäuser Siegelsammlung annäherten und versuchten, einige Siegel zu bestimmen. Die Konzeption der Veranstaltung und die beteiligten Kooperationen werden erläutert und die Studierenden berichten selbst von ihren Erfarungen. Der Beitrag stellt ausgewählte Siegel und die zugehörigen Ergebnisse der Studierenden vor und macht dabei Mut, sich forschend auf unbekanntes Terrain, hier auf das Terrain der Sphragistik, zu begeben.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 (2021)
The Satisfaction of Japanese Tourists toward Ayutthaya Elephant Palace & Royal Kraal, Ayutthaya Province
Creators: name: Nantida Chanpetch
Publisher: name: mahasarakham university
Year: 2020
Subjects: Satisfaction, Japanese Tourists, Ayutthaya Elephant Palace & Royal Kraal

description: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 39, 4, .43-54
Lorentz-violating corrections on the hydrogen spectrum induced by a non-minimal coupling
Creators: name: Belich, H.
name: Costa-Soares, T.
name: Ferreira, M. M.
name: Helayel-Neto, J. A.
name: Mouchereck, F. M. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of a Lorentz-violating fixed background on fermions is considered by means of a torsion-free non-minimal coupling. The non-relativistic regime is assessed and the Lorentz-violating Hamiltonian is determined. The effect of this Hamiltonian on the hydrogen spectrum is determined to first-order evaluation (in the absence of external magnetic field), revealing that there appear some energy shifts that modify the fine structure of the spectrum. In the case the non-minimal coupling is torsion-like, no first order correction shows up in the absence of an external field; in the presence of an external field, a secondary Zeeman effect is implied. Such effects are then used to set up stringent bounds on the parameters of the model.
description: 7 pages, revtex style, no figures
Additional file 5 of Biomedical association analysis between G2/M checkpoint genes and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression from a northern chinese MSM population
Creators: name: Wu, Jiawei
name: Xu, Lidan
name: Liu, Bangquan
name: Sun, Wenjing
name: Hu, Yuanting
name: Yang, Yi
name: Guo, Keer
name: Jia, Xueyuan
name: Sun, Haiming
name: Wu, Jie
name: Huang, Yun
name: Ji, Wei
name: Fu, Songbin
name: Qiao, Yuandong
name: Zhang, Xuelong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 5: Table S5. Gene-gene interaction models, as identified by GMDR
Discrete Time Evolution and Energy Nonconservation in Noncommutative Physics
Creators: name: Balachandran, A. P.
name: Martins, A. G.
name: Teotonio-Sobrinho, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Time-space noncommutativity leads to quantisation of time and energy nonconservation when time is conjugate to a compact spatial direction like a circle. In this context energy is conserved only modulo some fixed unit. Such a possibility arises for example in theories with a compact extra dimension with which time does not commute. The above results suggest striking phenomenological consequences in extra dimensional theories and elsewhere. In this paper we develop scattering theory for discrete time translations. It enables the calculation of transition probabilities for energy nonconserving processes and has a central role both in formal theory and phenomenology. We can also consider space-space noncommutativity where one of the spatial directions is a circle. That leads to the quantisation of the remaining spatial direction and conservation of momentum in that direction only modulo some fixed unit, as a simple adaptation of the results in this paper shows.
description: 17 pages, LaTex; minor corrections
Antike Mythen in der modernen Jugendliteratur
Creators: name: Gros, Philipp
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: Der Beitrag beschreibt die Konzeption und Umsetzung einer Veranstaltungsreihe in den Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, bei der sich Kinder und Jugendliche, anhand der Objekte in der Antikensammlung, mit der Rezeption antiker Mythen in moderner Jugendliteratur auseinander setzen.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 (2021)
Possibility of synthesizing doubly closed superheavy nucleus
Creators: name: Aritomo, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of synthesizing a doubly magic superheavy nucleus, $^{298}114_{184}$, is investigated on the basis of fluctuation-dissipation dynamics. In order to synthesize this nucleus, we must generate more neutron-rich compound nuclei because of the neutron emissions from excited compound nuclei. The compound nucleus $^{304}114$ has two advantages to achieving a high survival probability. First, because of small neutron separation energy and rapid cooling, the shell correction energy recovers quickly. Secondly, owing to neutron emissions, the neutron number of the nucleus approaches that of the double closed shell and the nucleus obtains a large fission barrier. Because of these two effects, the survival probability of $^{304}114$ does not decrease until the excitation energy $E^{*}= 50$ MeV. These properties lead to a rather high evaporation reside cross section.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 2: of Breast cancer in postmenopausal women is associated with an altered gut metagenome
Creators: name: Zhu, Jia
name: Liao, Ming
name: Yao, Ziting
name: Liang, Wenying
name: Li, Qibin
name: Liu, Jianlun
name: Yang, Huawei
name: Ji, Yinan
name: Wei, Wei
name: Tan, Aihua
name: Liang, Siyuan
name: Chen, Yang
name: Lin, Haisong
name: Zhu, Xiujuan
name: Huang, Shengzhu
name: Tian, Jiarong
name: Tang, Ruiqiang
name: Wang, Qiuyan
name: Mo, Zengnan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Figure S1. Rarefaction for gut microbial gene in premenopausal breast cancer patients (n = 18), premenopausal healthy controls (n = 25), postmenopausal breast cancer patients (n = 44), and postmenopausal healthy controls (n = 46). Group 1 indicates premenopausal healthy controls, group 2 indicates premenopausal breast cancer patients, group 3 indicates postmenopausal healthy controls, and group 4 indicates postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Figure S2. The enterotypes of gut microbiota in breast cancer patients and healthy controls. (a) The optimal number of enterotypes was two of the four groups as indicated by Calinski-Harabasz (CH) index. The maximum CH index at two clusters (enterotypes) indicated the optimal enterotype number. (b) The gut microbiota of the four cohorts are clustered into two enterotypes at the genus level, dominated by either Bacteroides (enterotype 1) or Prevotella (enterotype 2). (c) Relative abundances of the top genera in the two enterotypes. (d) Distribution of the samples of the four groups in the two enterotypes. Figure S3. Relative abundance of the gut microbiota in the four groups at the phylum level. Figure S4. Relative abundance of the gut microbiota in the four groups at the genus level. Figure S5. Abundance distribution of the gut microbiota differed significantly between postmenopausal breast cancer patients and postmenopausal healthy controls at the genus level. Figure S6. Distribution of five trials of tenfold cross-validation error in random forest classification of postmenopausal breast cancer patients. The model was trained using the relative species abundances in patients and controls. The black line marks the average of the five trials (gray lines). The red line indicates the number of optimal species markers. Figure S7. Scatter plots for correlations between gut microbiota species and clinical indices. (DOCX 810 kb)
Approaches to accounting for our natural capital: Applications across Ireland
Creators: name: McGrath, Luke
name: Hynes, Stephen
name: McGrath, Luke
name: Hynes, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Green accounting
subject: natural capital
subject: wealth accounting
subject: environmental-economic
subject: accounting; sustainable development
subject: ecosystem services.

description: Natural capital accounting allows for the integration of our natural assets within economic and political decision making, can improve natural resource governance and permits the development of environmentally adjusted macroeconomic indicators to serve as complements to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The United Nations System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (UN SEEA) is the accepted international standard for natural capital accounting, providing a framework for organizing and presenting statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. This paper details different approaches to natural capital accounting, all related to the SEEA framework, currently being undertaken across Ireland. We discuss the relationship between natural capital accounts and sustainable development measurement and provide recommendations for future work in these areas.
Revising the Solution of the Neutrino Oscillation Parameter Degeneracies at Neutrino Factories
Creators: name: Gago, A. M.
name: Jones-Perez, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of neutrino factories, we review the solution of the degeneracies in the neutrino oscillation parameters. In particular, we have set limits to $\sin^2 2θ_{13}$ in order to accomplish the unambiguous determination of $θ_{23}$ and $δ$. We have performed two different analysis. In the first, at a baseline of 3000 km, we simulate a measurement of the channels $ν_e\toν_μ$, $ν_e\toν_τ$ and $\barν_μ\to\barν_μ$, combined with their respective conjugate ones, with a muon energy of 50 GeV and a running time of five years. In the second, we merge the simulated data obtained at L=3000 km with the measurement of $ν_e\toν_μ$ channel at 7250 km, the so called 'magic baseline'. In both cases, we have studied the impact of varying the $ν_τ$ detector efficiency-mass product, $(ε_{ν_τ}\times M_τ)$, at 3000 km, keeping unchanged the $ν_μ$ detector mass and its efficiency. At L=3000 km, we found the existance of degenerate zones, that corresponds to values of $θ_{13}$, which are equal or almost equal to the true ones. These zones are extremely difficult to discard, even when we increase the number of events. However, in the second scenario, this difficulty is overcomed, demostrating the relevance of the 'magic baseline'. From this scenario, the best limits of $\sin^2 2θ_{13}$, reached at $3σ$, for $\sin^2 2θ_{23}=0.95$, 0.975 and 0.99 are: 0.008, 0.015 and 0.045, respectively, obtained at $δ=0$, and considering $(ε_{ν_τ}\times M_τ) \approx 125$, which is five times the initial efficiency-mass combination.
description: 40 pages, 18 figures; added references, corrected typos, updated Eq (15c)
An Eccentric Circumbinary Accretion Disk and the Detection of Binary Massive Black Holes
Creators: name: MacFadyen, Andrew I.
name: Milosavljevic, Milos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a two-dimensional grid-based hydrodynamic simulation of a thin, viscous, locally-isothermal corotating disk orbiting an equal-mass Newtonian binary point mass on a fixed circular orbit. We study the structure of the disk after multiple viscous times. The binary maintains a central hole in the viscously-relaxed disk with radius equal to about twice the binary semimajor axis. Disk surface density within the hole is reduced by orders of magnitude relative to the density in the disk bulk. The inner truncation of the disk resembles the clearing of a gap in a protoplanetary disk. An initially circular disk becomes elliptical and then eccentric. Disturbances in the disk contain a component that is stationary in the rotating frame in which the binary is at rest; this component is a two-armed spiral density wave. We measure the distribution of the binary torque in the disk and find that the strongest positive torque is exerted inside the central low-density hole. We make connection with the linear theory of disk forcing at outer Lindblad resonances (OLRs) and find that the measured torque density distribution is consistent with forcing at the 3:2 (m=2) OLR, well within the central hole. We also measure the time dependence of the rate at which gas accretes across the hole and find quasi-periodic structure. We discuss implications for variability and detection of active galactic nuclei containing a binary massive black hole.
description: 10 pages; replaced to match ApJ version; includes new physical interpretation of torque density (Sec. 4.1); large mpeg animation is available at http://www.tapir.caltech.edu/~milos/circBinaryEccDisk.mpg
Mapping hourly population dynamics using remotely sensed and geospatial data: a case study in Beijing, China
Creators: name: Zhao, Xia
name: Zhou, Yuyu
name: Chen, Wei
name: Li, Xi
name: Li, Xuecao
name: Li, Deren
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: High spatiotemporal population data are critical for a wide range of applications (e.g. urban planning and management, risk assessment, and epidemic control). However, such data are still not widely available due to the limited knowledge of complex human activities. Here we proposed a spatiotemporal downscaling framework for estimating hourly population dynamics in Beijing by integrating remote sensing and social sensing data. First, we generated two baseline maps of population during sleep and work times using a dasymetric method. Second, we generated urban functional zones using a random forest model and derived human activity patterns from social sensing data. Finally, we estimated the hourly population dynamics at a 500-meter resolution using a temporal downscaling method. Results show the significant spatial difference of the population over time, especially between working hours (9:00 − 18:00) and sleeping hours (after 0:00). The spatial pattern of population is more homogenous within the sixth ring area in Beijing during work time compared to sleep time when there are more clusters of high population. The comparison of spatiotemporal patterns with the referenced real-time heat maps from Baidu indicates that our population data are reliable. The framework presented in this paper is transferable in other regions. The resulting dataset of hourly population dynamics is of great help for governments of emergency responses as well as for studies about human risks to environmental issues.
Unconventional sign-reversing superconductivity in LaFeAsO_(1-x)F_x
Creators: name: Mazin, I. I.
name: Singh, D. J.
name: Johannes, M. D.
name: Du, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the newly discovered superconductivity in a nearly magnetic, Fe-based layered compound is unconventional and mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, though different from the usual superexchange and specific to this compound. This resulting state is an example of extended s-wave pairing with a sign reversal of the order parameter between different Fermi surface sheets. The main role of doping in this scenario is to lower the density of states and suppress the pair-breaking ferromagnetic fluctuations.
Neue Literatur
Creators: name: Bischoff, Max-Quentin
name: Bollen, Timo
name: Gussone, Monika
name: Kümper, Hiram
name: Meaker, Melanie
name: Winkler, Richard
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: In dieser Rubrik werden in jüngster Zeit erschienene Bücher vorgestellt. Die Auflösung der Autorenkürzel finden Sie am Ende der Datei.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 (2021)
Stadtarchiv Waiblingen
Creators: name: Wolf, Tanja
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: In diesen "Grüßen aus dem Lesesaal" stellt die Archivarin Tanja Wolf das Stadtarchiv Waiblingen und die Geschichte der Stadt vor.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 (2021)
title: Leisure needs of women of lived experience with homelessness
Creators: name: Deng, Lexuan (Six)
Publisher: name: Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Homeless women
subject: Leisure

description: Women of lived experience with homelessness are among the most marginalized and stigmatized groups in Canada. They live an unstable and uncertain life. For example, women experiencing homelessness face economic poverty, housing stress, unique health issues, and high risk of abuse. Leisure can provide support during these negative life events; however, little is known about the leisure needs and preferences of this population. This study explores the leisure needs of women of lived experience with homelessness. The research questions of the study are (a) how do women of lived experience with homelessness define leisure? And (b) what are the leisure needs of women with lived experience with homelessness? The research is based on secondary data that originated from a project conducted by professors at Vancouver Island University and Nanaimo’s Samaritan House staff. The original project utilized qualitative photbased methods, photo-voice interviews and a photo-elicitation group, as well as a community-based participatory approach to analyze the faith-based and leisure needs of women experiencing homelessness. Findings from re-analysis of the original leisure-centric data indicate that leisure is defined as participation and access to diverse recreational activities and is seen as a luxury for women of lived experience with homelessness. In other words, leisure needs are addressed after basic necessities are satisfied. Inclusion in the community and humane treatment are central leisure needs. Leisure needs are also intertwined with other social-psychological and spiritual needs. This study provides numerous suggestions to related institutions and policymakers for addressing leisure needs among the population of women of lived experience with homelessness in the areas of resources, space, programming, staffing, etc.
Fast Light in Fully Coherent Gain Media
Creators: name: Clader, B. D.
name: Park, Q-Han
name: Eberly, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the propagation of fast-light pulses through a finite-length resonant gain medium both analytically and numerically. We find that intrinsic instabilities can be avoided in attaining a substantial peak advance with an ultra-short rather than a long or adiabatic probe.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures. Replaced with revised version submitted to Optics Letters
title: Shrinking my foodprint: an autoethnographic exploration of my 30-day plastic-free challenge
Creators: name: Hethey, Robin
Publisher: name: Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plastics in packaging
subject: Sustainability

description: Consumers are increasingly conscious of the toll that plastic has had on the environment, and packaging waste in particular is now under global scrutiny for its devastating effects. Although considered a scientific wonder for most of the last century and unquestioningly tied to modernity and convenience, many consumers are grappling with their plastic consumption as they come to terms with the extent of the environmental crisis. Increasingly, consumers worldwide are looking at their own behaviours and resolving to do what they can, including efforts to reduce and refuse plastic packaging. This study explores my experiences with plastic-free shopping by learning new behaviours, in an effort to develop lasting habits. Using a social practice theory approach, this autoethnographic account of my experience of a 30-day challenge, shares the complexities of trying to change my grocery shopping behaviours and how the ripple effects of these new behaviours were experienced in other areas of life. This research suggests that plastic-free shopping has the potential to be a driver of social change, but it exists within larger societal practices that present interesting challenges for individual sustainability.
Continuous-Discrete Entanglement: An Example with Non-Relativistic Particles
Creators: name: Harshman, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article discusses entanglement between two subsystems, one with discrete degrees of freedom and the other with continuous degrees of freedom. The overlap integral between continuous variable wave functions emerges as an important parameter to characterize this kind entanglement. ``Beam-like'' entanglement and ``shape-like'' entanglement are contrasted. One example of this kind of entanglement is between between the spin degrees of freedom and the momentum degrees of freedom for a non-relativistic particle. This intraparticle entanglement is Galilean invariant.
description: 9 pages, zero figures. v.2. corrects typos and clarifies notion of shape-like entanglement. v.3. more of the same type of corrections
e-Learning-Plattform NumiScience.de des Numismatischen Verbundes in Baden-Württemberg
Creators: name: Börner, Susanne
name: Preiswerk, Sophie
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: Seit 2016 setzt sich der Numismatische Verbund in Baden-Württemberg (NVBW) für die epochenübergreifende und überregionale Vernetzung der numismatischen Forschung und Lehre ein. Durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung lassen sich nicht nur neue Fragestellungen an Münzen stellen, auch in der Lehre öffnen sich damit neue Türen. Dr. Susanne Börner und Sophie Preiswerk stellen in diesem Beitrag nicht nur den NVBW selbst vor, sondern auch eines seiner Projekte: Die mit studentischer Hilfe erarbeitete e-Learning-Plattform NumiScience vermittelt zielgruppenorientiert numismatisches Wissen, das niedrigschwellig und kostenfrei zur Verfügung gestellt wird.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 (2021)
Laws of turbulence decay from direct numerical simulations
Creators: name: John, John Panickacheril
name: Donzis, Diego A
name: Sreenivasan, Katepalli R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspection of available data on the decay exponent for the kinetic energy of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (HIT) shows that it varies by as much as 100\%. Measurements and simulations often show no correspondence with theoretical arguments, which are themselves varied. This situation is unsatisfactory given that HIT is a building block of turbulence theory and modeling. We take recourse to a large base of direct numerical simulations and study decaying HIT for a variety of initial conditions. We show that the Kolmogorov decay exponent and the Birkhoff-Saffman decay are both readily observed, albeit approximately, for long periods of time if the initial conditions are appropriately arranged. We also present, for both cases, other turbulent statistics such as the velocity derivative skewness, energy spectra and dissipation, and show that the decay and growth laws are approximately as expected theoretically, though the wavenumber spectrum near the origin begins to change relatively quickly, suggesting that the invariants do not strictly exist. We comment briefly on why the decay exponent has varied so widely in past experiments and simulations.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Spin-Orbit Coupling and Ion Displacements in Multiferroic TbMnO3
Creators: name: Xiang, H. J.
name: Wei, Su-Huai
name: Whangbo, M. -H.
name: Da Silva, Juarez L. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic and magnetic properties of TbMnO3 leading to its ferroelectric (FE) polarization were investigated on the basis of relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In agreement with experiment, we show that the spin-spiral plane of TbMnO3 can be either the bc- or ab-plane, but not the ac-plane. As for the mechanism of FE polarization, our work reveals that the "pure electronic" model by Katsura, Nagaosa and Balatsky (KNB) is inadequate in predicting the absolute direction of FE polarization. For the ab-plane spin-spiral state of TbMnO3, the direction of FE polarization predicted by the KNB model is opposite to that predicted by DFT calculations. In determining the magnitude and the absolute direction of FE polarization in spin-spiral states, it is found crucial to consider the displacements of the ions from their ecntrosymmetric positions.
Bethe Ansatz and boundary energy of the open spin-1/2 XXZ chain
Creators: name: Murgan, Rajan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent results on the Bethe Ansatz solutions for the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix of an integrable open XXZ quantum spin chain using functional relations which the transfer matrix obeys at roots of unity. First, we consider a case where at most two of the boundary parameters {$α_-$,$α_+$,$β_-$,$β_+$} are nonzero. A generalization of the Baxter $T-Q$ equation that involves more than one independent $Q$ is described. We use this solution to compute the boundary energy of the chain in the thermodynamic limit. We conclude the paper with a review of some results for the general integrable boundary terms, where all six boundary parameters are arbitrary.
description: 6 pages, Latex; contribution to the XVth International Colloquium on Integrable Systems and Quantum Symmetries, Prague, June 2006. To appear in Czechoslovak Journal of Physics (2006); (v2) Typos corrected and a new line added in the Acknowledgments section
Graph-based Hierarchical Relevance Matching Signals for Ad-hoc Retrieval
Creators: name: Yu, Xueli
name: Xu, Weizhi
name: Cui, Zeyu
name: Wu, Shu
name: Wang, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ad-hoc retrieval task is to rank related documents given a query and a document collection. A series of deep learning based approaches have been proposed to solve such problem and gained lots of attention. However, we argue that they are inherently based on local word sequences, ignoring the subtle long-distance document-level word relationships. To solve the problem, we explicitly model the document-level word relationship through the graph structure, capturing the subtle information via graph neural networks. In addition, due to the complexity and scale of the document collections, it is considerable to explore the different grain-sized hierarchical matching signals at a more general level. Therefore, we propose a Graph-based Hierarchical Relevance Matching model (GHRM) for ad-hoc retrieval, by which we can capture the subtle and general hierarchical matching signals simultaneously. We validate the effects of GHRM over two representative ad-hoc retrieval benchmarks, the comprehensive experiments and results demonstrate its superiority over state-of-the-art methods.
description: To appear at WWW 2021