cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reduced Number of Pigmented Neurons in the Substantia Nigra of Dystonia Patients? Findings from Extensive Neuropathologic, Immunohistochemistry, and Quantitative Analyses
Creators: name: Iacono, Diego
name: Geraci-Erck, Maria
name: Peng, Hui
name: Rabin, Marcie L.
name: Kurlan, Roger
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: Dystonias (Dys) represent the third most common movement disorder after essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). While some pathogenetic mechanisms and genetic causes of Dys have been identified, little is known about their neuropathologic features. Previous neuropathologic studies have reported generically defined neuronal loss in various cerebral regions of Dys brains, mostly in the basal ganglia (BG), and specifically in the substantia nigra (SN). Enlarged pigmented neurons in the SN of Dys patients with and without specific genetic mutations (e.g., GAG deletions in DYT1 dystonia) have also been described. Whether or not Dys brains are associated with decreased numbers or other morphometric changes of specific neuronal types is unknown and has never been addressed with quantitative methodologies.
Methods: Quantitative immunohistochemistry protocols were used to estimate neuronal counts and volumes of nigral pigmented neurons in 13 SN of Dys patients and 13 SN of age-matched control subjects (C).
Results: We observed a significant reduction (∼20%) of pigmented neurons in the SN of Dys compared to C (p<0.01). Neither significant volumetric changes nor evident neurodegenerative signs were observed in the remaining pool of nigral pigmented neurons in Dys brains. These novel quantitative findings were confirmed after exclusion of possible co-occurring SN pathologies including Lewy pathology, tau-neurofibrillary tangles, β-amyloid deposits, ubiquitin (ubiq), and phosphorylated-TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP43)-positive inclusions.
Discussion: A reduced number of nigral pigmented neurons in the absence of evident neurodegenerative signs in Dys brains could indicate previously unconsidered pathogenetic mechanisms of Dys such as neurodevelopmental defects in the SN.
Accelerating cosmology from $Λ<0$ gravitational effective field theory
Creators: name: Antonini, Stefano
name: Simidzija, Petar
name: Swingle, Brian
name: Van Raamsdonk, Mark
name: Waddell, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large class of $Λ< 0$ cosmologies have big-bang / big crunch spacetimes with time-symmetric backgrounds and asymptotically AdS Euclidean continuations suggesting a possible holographic realization. We argue that these models generically have time-dependent scalar fields, and these can lead to realistic cosmologies at the level of the homogeneous background geometry, with an accelerating phase prior to the turnaround and crunch. We first demonstrate via explicit effective field theory examples that models with an asymptotically AdS Euclidean continuation can also exhibit a period of accelerated expansion without fine tuning. We then show that certain significantly more tuned examples can give predictions arbitrarily close to a $Λ$CDM model. Finally, we demonstrate via an explicit construction that the potentials of interest can arise from a superpotential, thus suggesting that these solutions may be compatible with an underlying supersymmetric theory.
description: 26 pages + appendices. v2: corrected affiliations, added references
Restricted Partition Functions and Inverse Energy Cascades in Parity Symmetry Breaking flows
Creators: name: Herbert, Corentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the symmetries of homogenous isotropic turbulent flows are broken, different sets of modes with different physical roles emerge. In particular, choosing a forcing which puts more weight on one or the other of these sets may result in different statistics for the energy transfers. We use the general method of computing a partition function restricted to a portion of phase space to study analytically these different statistics. We illustrate this method in the case of parity symmetry breaking, measured by helicity. It is shown that when helicity is sign definite at all scales, an inverse cascade is expected for the energy. When sign-definiteness is lost, even for a small set of modes, this cascade disappears and there is a sharp phase transition to the standard helical equipartition spectra.
Review: Electrochemiluminescence of Perovskite-Related Nanostructures
Creators: name: Vasylkovskyi, Volodymyr
name: Bespalova, Iryna
name: Slipchenko, Mykola
name: Slipchenko, Olena
name: Zholudov, Yuriy
name: Chichkov, Boris
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: perovskite nanocrystals
subject: electrochemiluminescence
subject: electrode modification
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Perovskite nanostructures are promising nanomaterials for their possible application in electrochemiluminescent (ECL) analytical systems due to their unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties. This review focuses on the most recent advances in the application of perovskite and perovskite-related nanostructures, with different chemical compositions and modifications, in ECL with various media, coreactants, and reaction types. The most optimal methods of perovskite nanoparticle synthesis and electrode modification methods were reviewed. Possibilities and perspectives of the use of perovskite-related nanostructures for the ECL generation were demonstrated.
Impurity-induced sub-gap bound gap states in alkali doped iron chalcogenide superconductors
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Shantanu
name: Gastiasoro, Maria N.
name: Andersen, Brian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the local density of states near impurities can be useful for identifying the superconducting gap structure in alkali doped iron chalcogenide superconductors K_xFe_{2-y}Se_2. Here, we study the effects of nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities within a nearest neighbor d-wave and next-nearest neighbor s-wave superconducting state. For both repulsive and attractive nonmagnetic impurities, it is shown that sub-gap bound states exist only for d-wave superconductors with the positions of these bound states depending rather sensitively on the electron doping level. Further, for such disorder Coulomb interactions can lead to local impurity-induced magnetism in the case of d-wave superconductivity. For magnetic impurities, both s-wave and d-wave superconducting states support sub-gap bound states. The above results can be explained by a simple analytic model that provides a semi-quantitative understanding of the variation of the impurity bound states energies as a function of impurity potential and chemical doping level.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
title: Investigation on Intramolecular Charge Transfer in π-Conjugated Donor and Acceptor Ensembles
Creators: name: Zhou, Ping
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemistry
subject: 570 Life sciences; biology

description: π-Conjugated donor (D) and acceptor (A) ensembles have been widely investigated in the fields
of (bio)chemistry, physics, medicine, materials chemistry and nanoscience because of their
unique optical and electrochemical properties. Electronic interactions between D and A units
have been widely explored for the development of advanced functional materials. Therefore,
diverse π-conjugated ensembles containing different donors such as benzodifuran (BDF),
tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), triphenylamine (TPA), and acceptors including 2,1,3-
benzothiadiazole (BTD), perylene diimide (PDI), tetraazapyrene (TAP) and
dipyrrolylquinoxaline (DPQ) have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that HOMO
and LUMO energy levels and band gaps critically depend on the intrinsic electronic properties
of D and A units as well as the nature of the linker between them. To optimize the electronic
communication between D and A units for potential applications in molecular (opto)electronics,
a variety of π-conjugated ensembles with different D-A architectures have been designed,
synthesized, and characterized in this thesis. Importantly, efficient synthetic approaches to
functionalize the TAP core via halogenation, hydrolysis, oxidation, and condensation have
been developed, allowing the preparation of various kinds of TAP-based D-A molecules. Our
keen interest in such π-conjugates has led us to comprehensively investigate the intramolecular
charge-transfer (ICT) interactions through-bond or through-space between D and A moieties
by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), transient absorption spectroscopy
(TAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Turbulent coherent structures, Secondary currents and Sediment ridges
Creators: name: Scherer, Markus Maximilian
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: Direkte Numerische Simulation
Turbulenz
Kohärente Strukturen
Sekundärströmung
Geschiebetransport
Direct Numerical Simulation
Turbulence
Coherent structures
Secondary flow
Sediment transport

description: The origin of secondary currents and subaqueous sediment patterns in natural rivers is analysed from first principles. For this purpose, simulations of sediment transport in canonical turbulent open channel flows are performed using a numerical technique that resolves all relevant flow scales and the dynamics of the individual sand grains. The high-fidelity datasets reveal the fundamental importance of individual coherent structures for the development of sediment patterns and secondary flows.
Privileges or Immunities
Creators: name: Hamburger, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Constitutional law
subject: Privileges and immunities
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: What was meant by the Fourteenth Amendment's Privileges or Immunities Clause? Did it incorporate the U.S. Bill of Rights against the states or did it do something else? This article examines a much wider range of evidence than the debates from the late 1860s, and it thereby recognizes that those debates discussed an idea that was already widely familiar. On the other hand, rather than assume that all pre- 1868 discussions of privileges and immunities matter for understanding the Fourteenth Amendment's Privileges or Immunities Clause, it focuses on the line of discussion that led directly to the adoption of this clause. The privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States were discussed in different contexts, in different ways, and with different meanings, and it is therefore essential to focus on the genealogy and meaning of the specific ideas that actually led to the Privileges or Immunities Clause.
Ordinis Iuridici In Academia Vitebergensi H. T. Decanus D. Christoph. Carolus Stübel ... Iuris Criminalis Professor Publicus Ordinarius Lectori Benevolo Salutem; 1815
Creators: name: Stübel, Christoph Carl
name: Wiesand, Georg Friedrich
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: Enth.: De Notione Culpae Eiusque Poena In Iure Criminali Rectius Constituenda. Pars Prior. - Einladung zur Verteidigung der jur. Diss. von Georg Friedrich Wiesand im Mai 1814. - Enth. Lebenslauf des Kandidaten
Proposta di rinnovamento dell’antenna parabolica VLBI di Noto (SR)
Creators: name: POLI, Alessandro
name: MORSIANI, MARCO
name: ORLATI, ANDREA
name: CONTAVALLE, Corrado
name: NOCITA, Carlo
name: PLATANIA, Pier Raffaele
Publisher: name: IRA Bologna
Year: 2022

description: Con questo rapporto tecnico si intendono spiegare alcuni interventi di ammodernamento che si intendono fare sull'antenna parabolica di Noto. Nello specifico si intendono rinnovare gli impianti tecnologici (elettrico, di raffreddamento acqua, dell'elio criogenico, della trasmissione dati) e aggiungere nuovi ripari per gli apparati anche in previsione dell'installazione del nuovo ricevitore tri-band previsto dal progetto PON "Ricerca e Innovazione".
On reflectionless nature of self-consistent multi-soliton solutions in Bogoliubov-de Gennes and chiral Gross-Neveu models
Creators: name: Takahashi, Daisuke A.
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the most general static self-consistent multi-soliton solutions in Bogoliubov-de Gennes and chiral Gross-Neveu systems are derived by the present authors [D. A. Takahashi and M. Nitta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 131601 (2013)]. Here we show a few complementary results, which were absent in the previous our work. We prove directly from the gap equation that the self-consistent solutions need to have reflectionless potentials. We also give the self-consistent condition for the system consisting of only right-movers, which is more used in high-energy physics.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, prepared for the conference proceedings of QFS2013
Digitalizáció, mesterséges intelligencia és a tanulás: az iskola vége?
Creators: name: Kismihók, Gábor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: digitalizáció
oktatás
tanulás

description: Prezentáció az oktatás digitalizációjának folyamatáról a Hannoveri Magyar Egyesület online eseményén 2020-12-02
Exploring Opportunities Of Integrated Project Delivery In Off-Site Manufacturing Of The Australian Housing Sector
Creators: name: London, Kerry
name: Pablo, Zelinna
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Project management

description: The Australian housing sector is underperforming; supply doesn’t meet demand, quality is questionable and there are significant delays in delivery time. Off-site manufacturing has been promoted as a solution. Off-site manufacturing involves the production of building components in a controlled facility which are transported to construction site for installation and assembling. Past studies have revealed several benefits of off-site manufacturing and despite the numerous compelling arguments associated with adoption, its application is yet to be fully realised. Potentially a key barrier inhibiting the uptake of off-site manufacturing is the lack of the early involvement of key project participants at the outset of a project. This barrier may arise due to the project delivery methods the sector participants’ pursue. This study seeks to explore integrated project delivery as a solution. An integrated project delivery method integrates people, business practices, culture and structures into a process. The novel delivery method is beneficial because it enables early involvement of project participants. Integrated Project Delivery also leverages the combined knowledge structurally through the use of multiple-party agreements. A review of literature suggests that there are various factors that influence the uptake of this delivery method including; user experience, contractual, insurance, cultural, financial and legal. The implication of adoption of this novel delivery method and its application to the housing sector is initiated
Mobile SARS‑CoV‑2 screening facilities for rapid deployment and university-based diagnostic laboratory
Creators: name: Stanislawski, Nils
name: Lange, Ferdinand
name: Fahnemann, Christian
name: Riggers, Christoph
name: Wahalla, Marc-Nils
name: Porr, Marc
name: Cholewa, Fabian
name: Jonczyk, Rebecca
name: Thoms, Stefanie
name: Witt, Martin
name: Stahl, Frank
name: Beutel, Sascha
name: Winkel, Andreas
name: Pott, Philipp-Cornelius
name: Stiesch, Meike
name: Paulsen, Mira
name: Melk, Anette
name: Lucas, Henning
name: Heiden, Stefanie
name: Blume, Holger
name: Blume, Cornelia
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: HIS & LIMS
subject: PCR
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: screening
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::660 | Technische Chemie

description: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created a public crisis. Many medical and public institutions and businesses went into isolation in response to the pandemic. Because SARS-CoV-2 can spread irrespective of a patient's course of disease, these institutions’ continued operation or reopening based on the assessment and control of virus spread can be supported by targeted population screening. For this purpose, virus testing in the form of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and antibody detection in blood can be central. Mobile SARS-CoV-2 screening facilities with a built-in biosafety level (BSL)-2 laboratory were set up to allow the testing offer to be brought close to the subject group's workplace. University staff members, their expertise, and already available equipment were used to implement and operate the screening facilities and a certified diagnostic laboratory. This operation also included specimen collection, transport, PCR and antibody analysis, and informing subjects as well as public health departments. Screening facilities were established at different locations such as educational institutions, nursing homes, and companies providing critical supply chains for health care. Less than 4 weeks after the first imposed lockdown in Germany, a first mobile testing station was established featuring a build-in laboratory with two similar stations commencing operation until June 2020. During the 15-month project period, approximately 33,000 PCR tests and close to 7000 antibody detection tests were collected and analyzed. The presented approach describes the required procedures that enabled the screening facilities and laboratories to collect and process several hundred specimens each day under difficult conditions. This report can assist others in establishing similar setups for pandemic scenarios.
Mutation in GM2A Leads to a Progressive Chorea-Dementia Syndrome
Creators: name: Salih, Mustafa A.
name: Seidahmed, Mohammed Z.
name: El Khashab, Heba Y.
name: Hamad, Muddathir H. A.
name: Bosley, Thomas M.
name: Burn, Sabrina
name: Myers, Angela
name: Landsverk, Megan L.
name: Crotwell, Patricia L.
name: Bilguvar, Kaya
name: Mane, Shrikant
name: Kruer, Michael C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: The etiology of many cases of childhood-onset chorea remains undetermined, although advances in genomics are revealing both new disease-associated genes and variant phenotypes associated with known genes.

Methods: We report a Saudi family with a neurodegenerative course dominated by progressive chorea and dementia in whom we performed homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing.

Results: We identified a homozygous missense mutation in GM2A within a prominent block of homozygosity. This mutation is predicted to impair protein function.

Discussion: Although discovered more than two decades ago, to date, only five patients with this rare form of GM2 gangliosidosis have been reported. The phenotype of previously described GM2A patients has been typified by onset in infancy, profound hypotonia and impaired volitional movement, intractable seizures, hyperacusis, and a macular cherry red spot. Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of GM2A mutation-positive gangliosidosis to include generalized chorea without macular findings or hyperacusis and highlight how mutations in neurodegenerative disease genes may present in unexpected ways.
Severity Stages in Essential Tremor: A Long-Term Retrospective Study Using the Glass Scale
Creators: name: Gironell, Alexandre
name: Ribosa-Nogue, Roser
name: Gich, Ignasi
name: Marin-Lahoz, Juan
name: Pascual-Sedano, Berta
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: Few prospective studies have attempted to estimate the rate of decline of essential tremor (ET) and these were over a relatively short time period (less than 10 years). We performed a long-term study of severity stages in ET using the Glass Scale scoring system.
Methods: Fifty consecutive patients with severe ET were included. We retrospectively obtained Glass Scale scores throughout the patient’s life. Common milestone events were used to help recall changes in tremor severity.
Results: According to the Glass Scale, the age distributions were as follows: score I, 40 ± 17 years, score II, 55 ± 12 years, score III, 64 ± 9 years, and score IV, 69 ± 7 years. A significant negative correlation between age at first symptom and rate of progression was found (r=-0.669, p < 0.001). The rate of progression was significantly different (p < 0.001) when the first symptom appeared at a younger age (under 40 years of age) compared with older age (40 years or older).
Discussion: Our results support the progressive nature of ET. Age at onset was a prognostic factor. The Glass Scale may be a useful tool to determine severity stages during the course of ET in a manner similar to the Hoehn and Yahr Scale for Parkinson’s disease.
Do phase fluctuations influence the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in a 3D Fermi gas?
Creators: name: Devreese, Jeroen P. A.
name: Tempere, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In ultracold Fermi gases, the effect of spin-imbalance on superfluidity has been the subject of intense study. One of the reasons for this is that spin-imbalance frustrates the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid pairing mechanism, in which fermions in different spin states combine into Cooper pairs with zero momentum. In 1964, it was proposed that an exotic superfluid state called the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, in which the Cooper pairs have nonzero momentum, could exist in a spin-imbalanced Fermi gas. At the saddle-point (mean field) level, it has been shown that the FFLO state only occupies a very small sliver in the ground state phase diagram of a 3D Fermi gas. However, a question that remains to be investigated is: what is the influence of phase fluctuations around the saddle point on the FFLO state? In this work we show that phase fluctuations only lead to relatively small quantitative corrections to the presence of the FFLO state in the saddle-point phase diagram of a 3D spin-imbalanced Fermi gas. Starting from the partition function of the system, we calculate the effective action within the path-integral adiabatic approximation. The action is then expanded up to second order in the fluctuation field around the saddle point, leading to the fluctuation free energy. Using this free energy, we calculate corrections due to phase fluctuations to the BCS-FFLO transition in the saddle-point phase diagram. At temperatures at which the FFLO state exists, we find only small corrections to the size of the FFLO area. Our results suggest that fluctuations of the phase of the FFLO order parameter, which can be interpreted as an oscillation of its momentum vector, do not cause an instability of the FFLO state with respect to the BCS state.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
Körperschaften in der Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) – Entwicklung, Regelwerke und Standardnummern
Creators: name: Scheven, Esther
name: Glagla-Dietz, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ORCID
Open Researcher and Contributor ID
ORCID DE
Organization Identifier
PID
GND
Open Science

description: In der Präsentation werden die Körperschaften in der GND vorgestellt, auf die benutzten Regelwerke und Redaktionsabsprachen eingegangen sowie ein Rückblick auf die Geschichte der GND gegeben, denn von den ca. 1.500.000 Körperschaftsdatensätzen stammen ca. 1.000.000 aus den Vorgängerdateien. Auf die Möglichkeit und Praxis, Standardnummern zu erfassen, wird hingewiesen.
ORCID Anwendungsszenario für Identifikationen für Organisationen
Creators: name: Marín-Arraiza, Paloma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ORCID
Open Researcher and Contributor ID
ORCID DE
Organization Identifier
PID
Persistent Identifier
Open Science

description: Diese Präsentation befasst sich mit Affiliationen in ORCID und der Verwendung von Organisation IDs. Einige Daten von ORCID und zukünftige Entwicklungen in dieser Hinsicht werden gezeigt. Zu diesen Entwicklungen gehört unter anderem die Implementierung der ROR ID.
Explanatory defect causation model linking digital innovation, human error and quality improvement in residential construction
Creators: name: London, Kerry
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Building construction management and project planning

description: This paper examines the role of mobile digital technology in improving quality in housing construction, specifically by reducing defects at handover. Many construction technology impact studies are limited: confined to studying the effects of new technologies in controlled prototype-testing settings, framed around overly broad claims, or built on deterministic propositions assuming that technology unproblematically leads to better quality. Current studies also ignore insights from defect causation models that systematically identify sources of errors and defects. This study's aim was to develop an explanatory defect causation model addressing all four limitations. The proposed model, developed though a qualitative case study involving 10 semi-structured interviews and two phases of analysis, comprises 16 conditions linked in non-deterministic relationships of influence. The model contributes to theory in housing construction management by proposing alternative complex pathways which link defects, technology and quality and can be translated into actionable, flexible strategies for addressing defects in practice.
PANDAS: The Need to Use Definitive Diagnostic Criteria
Creators: name: Singer, Harvey S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: The entity Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections (PANDAS) was initially proposed in 1998 (Swedo, et al. 1998). The formal diagnosis required that the affected individual meet five specific criteria: prepubertal onset, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or a tic disorder, the dramatic sudden explosive onset of symptoms, a relapsing and remitting course of symptoms that are temporally associated with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection, and the presence of other neuropsychiatric abnormalities (hyperactivity, emotional lability, anxiety, or piano-playing choreiform movements). Since that original report, the PANDAS hypothesis has remained controversial based on both clinical grounds and the failure to confirm a definitive immune process.
Revolution and Judicial Review: Chief Justice Holt's Opinion in City of London v. Wood
Creators: name: Hamburger, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Jurisprudence
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In 1702, in an opinion touching upon parliamentary power, Chief Justice Sir John Holt discussed limitations on government in language that has long seemed more intriguing than clear. Undoubtedly, the Chief Justice was suggesting limitations on government -- limitations that subsequently have become quite prominent, particularly in America. Yet even the best report of his opinion concerning these constraints has left historians in some doubt as to just what he was saying and why it was significant.

The case in which Chief Justice Holt was so obscure about matters of such importance, City of London v. Wood, revived the old maxim that a person could not be judge in his own case. The defendant, Thomas Wood, had declined to serve as a sheriff for the City of London. In response, the City brought an action of debt to recover the penalty in the Mayor's Court, formally composed of the Mayor and Aldermen. As was customary, the City brought this action in the name of the Mayor, commonalty, and citizens of London. Although Wood was held liable by the Mayor's Court, he eventually had the judgment overturned by three royal judges sitting at Guildhall, who argued, among other things, that the Mayor could not be judge in his own case.
Myoclonus in Ataxia–Telangiectasia
Creators: name: Termsarasab, Pichet
name: Yang, Amy C.
name: Frucht, Steven J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: Various movement disorders can be found in ataxia–telangiectasia (AT), including ataxia, dystonia, chorea, and myoclonus, but myoclonus has rarely been described as the predominant feature in AT.
Case Report: We report two AT patients with prominent myoclonus, illustrating an unusual presentation of this disorder. Sequencing of the ATM gene in the first patient revealed a homozygous truncating mutation, c.5908C >T (p.Q1970*) in exon 38 of the ATM gene, which has been previously reported as a founder mutation in the Costa Rican population.
Discussion: Myoclonus can be a predominant or presenting feature in AT, even without dystonia
Fluorescence Masking Based Multifunctional Quantum Dots’ Assay for HSP90α Interactions Detection
Creators: name: Kishore, Anusha
name: Fan, Lu
name: Stahl, Frank
name: Reichel, Thomas
name: Krüger, Karsten
name: Zeilinger, Carsten
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: quantum dots
subject: Sav-QD
subject: biotin-ATP
subject: biotin-HSP90 antibody
subject: HSP90α
subject: fluorescence masking
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: HSP90α is one of the most common stress proteins in cells; hence, it is a good target for developing drugs and testing systems for cancer or physical stress levels in humans. Streptavidin conjugated quantum dots (Sav-QDs) are widely used as fluorophores for biosensing to overcome chemical labelling problems. In this work, we have attempted to develop a multifunctional and robust assay for HSP90α. The detection technique was based on the masking of the fluorescence of spotted Sav-QDs on nitrocellulose chips (NC). Biotinylated ligand/antibody attaches to the spotted Sav-QD and then HSP90α is attached, which causes the masking of fluorescence. The masking of fluorescence was used to detect protein–ligand interactions, the effect of inhibitors, protein–protein interactions, and the presence of protein in the biological sample. The load of detection (LoD) of the assay lies in the nano molar range, making it a sensitive assay. The results from the experiments suggest that the used approach is promising for developing a multifunctional, robust, and sensitive assay for proteins that can be used for point-of-care detection in complex biological samples.
Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Surface (STARS) for Terahertz Communications
Creators: name: Wang, Zhaolin
name: Mu, Xidong
name: Xu, Jiaqi
name: Liu, Yuanwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A simultaneously transmitting and reflecting surface (STARS) aided terahertz (THz) communication system is proposed. A novel power consumption model is proposed that depends on the type and resolution of the STARS elements. The spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) are maximized in both narrowband and wideband THz systems by jointly optimizing the hybrid beamforming at the base station (BS) and the passive beamforming at the STARS. 1) For narrowband systems, independent phase-shift STARSs are investigated first. The resulting complex joint optimization problem is decoupled into a series of subproblems using penalty dual decomposition. Low-complexity element-wise algorithms are proposed to optimize the analog beamforming at the BS and the passive beamforming at the STARS. The proposed algorithm is then extended to the case of coupled phase-shift STARS. 2) For wideband systems, the spatial wideband effect at the BS and STARS leads to significant performance degradation due to the beam split issue. To address this, true time delayers (TTDs) are introduced into the conventional hybrid beamforming structure for facilitating wideband beamforming. An iterative algorithm based on the quasi-Newton method is proposed to design the coefficients of the TTDs. Finally, our numerical results confirm the superiority of the STARS over the conventional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). It is also revealed that i) there is only a slight performance loss in terms of SE and EE caused by coupled phase shifts of the STARS in both narrowband and wideband systems, and ii) the conventional hybrid beamforming achieves comparable SE performance and much higher EE performance compared with the full-digital beamforming in narrowband systems but not in wideband systems, where the TTD-based hybrid beamforming is required for mitigating wideband beam split.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Invisible Z' and dark matter: LHC vs LUX constraints
Creators: name: Arcadi, Giorgio
name: Mambrini, Yann
name: Tytgat, Michel H. G.
name: Zaldivar, Bryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simple, yet generic scenario in which a new heavy $Z'$ gauge boson couples both to SM fermions and to dark matter. In this framework we confront the best LHC limits on an extra gauge boson $Z'$ to the constraints on couplings to dark matter from direct detection experiments. In particular we show that the LHC searches for resonant production of dileptons and the recent exclusion limits obtained by the LUX collaboration give complementary constraints. Together, they impose strong bounds on the invisible branching ratio and exclude a large part of the parameter space for generic $Z'$ models. Our study encompasses many possible $Z'$ models, including SSM, $E_6$-inspired or B-L scenario.
description: Figure and references added. Accepted for publication in JHEP
title: Rechtfertigungsschrift des Bürgers Cesar Friedrich Laharpe, Mitglied des ehemaligen Direktoriums der helvetischen Republik; 1800
title: Nebst einigen Erklärungs-Noten
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: La Harpe, Frédéric César de
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: In Fraktur
Allosteric transcription factor-activated RNA and protein-based biocircuits
Creators: name: Tellechea-Luzardo, Jonathan
name: Stiebritz, Martin T.
name: Carbonell, Pablo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: review
allosteric transcription factors
biosensors

description: We compiled the available information on allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) from multiple databases and the literature. We present an approach to assign new targets for aTFs that is based on sequence homology and machine learning. We further propose a structure-based analysis pipeline for predicting ligand binding and regulation and present the methodology to experimentally validate our predictions. Two synthetic biology applications of aTFs are described focused on bioproduction. Finally, our proposed in-vivo approach using aTFs to improve biomanufacturing of naringenin in Escherichia coli is presented.
Possible nodal superconducting gap emerging at the Lifshitz transition in heavily hole-doped Ba0.1K0.9Fe2As2
Creators: name: Xu, N.
name: Richard, P.
name: Shi, X.
name: van Roekeghem, A.
name: Qian, T.
name: Razzoli, E.
name: Rienks, E.
name: Chen, G. -F.
name: Ieki, E.
name: Nakayama, K.
name: Sato, T.
name: Takahashi, T.
name: Shi, M.
name: Ding, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed a high energy resolution ARPES investigation of over-doped Ba0.1K0.9Fe2As2 with T_c= 9 K. The Fermi surface topology of this material is similar to that of KFe2As2 and differs from that of slightly less doped Ba0.3K0.7Fe2As2, implying that a Lifshitz transition occurred between x=0.7 and x=0.9. Albeit for a vertical node found at the tip of the emerging off-M-centered Fermi surface pocket lobes, the superconducting gap structure is similar to that of Ba0.3K0.7Fe2As2, suggesting that the paring interaction is not driven by the Fermi surface topology.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Actor-network theory and the evolution of complex adaptive supply networks
Creators: name: London, Kerry
name: Pablo, Zelinna
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Building organisational studies

description: Current understandings of innovation in construction portray it as linear, deterministic phenomena centered around novel objects and technologies deployed in sequentially-organized supply chains. This study aims to develop an enriched understanding of construction innovation as non-linear, socio-material and dynamic phenomena in complex networks by formulating a novel conceptual apparatus of complex adaptive supply networks (CASNs) expanded through actor-network theory (ANT) concepts.
Finding unprecedentedly low-thermal-conductivity half-Heusler semiconductors via high-throughput materials modeling
Creators: name: Carrete, Jesús
name: Li, Wu
name: Mingo, Natalio
name: Wang, Shidong
name: Curtarolo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lattice thermal conductivity (κω) is a key property for many potential applications of compounds. Discovery of materials with very low or high κω remains an experimental challenge due to high costs and time-consuming synthesis procedures. High-throughput computational pre-screening is a valuable approach for significantly reducing the set of candidate compounds. In this article, we introduce efficient methods for reliably estimating the bulk κω for a large number of compounds. The algorithms are based on a combination of machine-learning algorithms, physical insights, and automatic ab-initio calculations. We scanned approximately 79,000 half-Heusler entries in the AFLOWLIB.org database. Among the 450 mechanically stable ordered semiconductors identified, we find that κω spans more than two orders of magnitude- a much larger range than that previously thought. κω is lowest for compounds whose elements in equivalent positions have large atomic radii. We then perform a thorough screening of thermodynamical stability that allows to reduce the list to 77 systems. We can then provide a quantitative estimate of κω for this selected range of systems. Three semiconductors having κω < 5 W /(m K) are proposed for further experimental study.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
The New Censorship: Institutional Review Boards
Creators: name: Hamburger, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Constitutional law
subject: Censorship
subject: Research--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In sum, the federal regulations on IRBs (Institutional Review Boards) would appear to violate the First Amendment. This will become apparent from six observations: (I) at least for verbal speech and the press, the First Amendment absolutely bars laws requiring licensing; (II) the federal regulations on IRBs set up a system of licensing; (III) these regulations target and even specify speech and the press as the object of their licensing, including verbal speech and the press; (IV) the federal government imposes this licensing by means of unconstitutional regulatory conditions on federal spending and by means of state tort law; (V) the injury arising from research on human subjects does not justify the licensing; (VI) the licensing causes serious injuries to researchers and their use of speech and the press.These observations reveal that the federal regulations on IRBs are constitutionally vulnerable.They further suggest that the regulations establish a new censorship, which dispels opposition through its mild and moral tenor,but which remains as unconstitutional as the old. Most broadly, they hint at the danger of Supreme Court doctrines that undermine enumerated rights-doctrines that allow those in power to believe they need not worry about abridging such rights and that leave those whose rights are abridged without confidence that they have constitutional grounds on which to protest.
Sustainability through Resilient Collaborative Housing Networks: A Case Study of an Australian Pop-Up Shelter
Creators: name: London, Kerry
name: Pablo, Zelinna
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Sustainable architecture

description: The UN Sustainable Development Goal “Sustainable Cities and Communities” foregrounds access to adequate, safe, and affordable housing. However, housing as a sector has faced significant sustainability challenges. Countries such as Australia face unaffordable house prices, bottlenecks in social housing supply, and escalating homelessness. To address these challenges, the sector has turned to traditional government-led interventions meant to influence supply and demand. We argue that alongside these traditional approaches, there is a need for multi-stakeholder collaboration in resilient networks that create novel niche solutions, one being pop-up shelters or dwellings established in vacant structures. This study’s main aim is to identify key elements of these resilient, collaborative actor–networks. We mobilise actor–network theory concepts in a qualitative case study involving one of Australia’s first pop-up shelters. Findings from semi-structured interviews suggest that resilient networks exhibit distributed leadership, the ability to selectively interrogate entrenched routines, and the ability to mobilise differentiated levels of convergence. Such resilient networks play an important role in the development of environmentally and socially sustainable housing solutions. While often ad hoc, these networks can be made systematic through the selective use of digital technologies which do not compromise the more contingent, adaptive features of networks which are critical to resilience.
Dynamical heterogeneity in periodically deformed polymer glasses
Creators: name: Priezjev, Nikolai V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of structural relaxation in a model polymer glass subject to spatially-homogeneous, time-periodic shear deformation is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We study a coarse-grained bead-spring model of short polymer chains below the glass transition temperature. It is found that at small strain amplitudes, the segmental dynamics is nearly reversible over about $10^4$ cycles, while at strain amplitudes above a few percent, polymer chains become fully relaxed after a hundred cycles. At the critical strain amplitude, the transition from slow to fast relaxation dynamics is associated with the largest number of dynamically correlated monomers as indicated by the peak value of the dynamical susceptibility. The analysis of individual monomer trajectories showed that mobile monomers tend to assist their neighbors to become mobile and aggregate into relatively compact transient clusters.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Characteristics and impacts of nutritional programmes to address undernutrition of adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of evidence
Creators: name: Gesesew, Hailay
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Public health nutrition

description: Objectives: Although some studies have identified various challenges affecting nutritional programmes to effectively tackle undernutrition among people living with HIV, evidence about the characteristics and impacts of these programmes on weight-related nutritional outcomes varies based on country contexts, specific programme goals and the implementation processes. This systematic review sought to synthesise evidence on the characteristics and impact of nutritional programmes on weight-related nutritional outcomes of people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWe searched for primary studies published in the following databases: Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Google Scholar, supplemented by checking reference lists of included papers.Eligibility criteriaStudies published from 2005 to 10 July 2020 and reporting on the weight-related nutritional outcomes of undernourished people enrolled in nutritional programmes in HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa were included.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted using a data extraction proforma. Weight-related nutritional outcomes of people living with HIV before and after enrolment in a nutritional programme were compared and narratively synthesised.ResultsSixteen studies assessing the impact of nutritional programmes in HIV care on weight-related nutritional outcomes were included. Of these, 13 examined nutritional programmes implemented in health facilities and the remaining three were delivered outside of health facilities. Nutritional recovery (defined differently in the studies) ranged from 13.1% to 67.9%. Overall programme failure rate, which included default after enrolment in a nutritional programme or non-response, ranged from 37.6% to 48.0%. More specifically, non-response to a nutritional programme ranged from 21.0% to 67.4% and default from the programme ranged from 19.0% to 70.6%. Key sociodemographic, clinical and nutritional characteristics that affect nutritional recovery, non-response and default were also identified.Conclusions and recommendationsNutritional programmes in HIV care have led to some improvements in weight-related nutritional outcomes among people living with HIV. However, the programmes were characterised by a high magnitude of default and non-response. To improve desired weight-related nutritional outcomes of people living with HIV, a holistic approach that addresses longer-term determinants of undernutrition is needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020196827.