cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen enrichment and clustered star formation at the dawn of the Galaxy
Creators: name: Belokurov, Vasily
name: Kravtsov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalously high nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratios [N/O] are observed in globular clusters (GCs), among the field stars of the Milky Way (MW), and even in the gas in a $z\approx 11$ galaxy. Using data from the APOGEE Data Release 17 and the Gaia Data Release 3, we present several independent lines of evidence that most of the MW's high-[N/O] stars were born in situ in massive bound clusters during the early, pre-disk evolution of the Galaxy. Specifically, we show that distributions of metallicity [Fe/H], energy, the angular momentum $L_z$, and distance of the low-metallicity high-[N/O] stars match the corresponding distributions of stars of the Aurora population and of the in-situ GCs. We also show that the fraction of in-situ field high-[N/O] stars, $f_{\rm N/O}$, increases rapidly with decreasing metallicity. During epochs when metallicity evolves from $\rm [Fe/H]=-1.5$ to $\rm [Fe/H]=-0.9$, the Galaxy spins up and transitions from a turbulent Aurora state to a coherently rotating disk. This transformation is accompanied by many qualitative changes. In particular, we show that high N/O abundances similar to those observed in GN-z11 were common before the spin-up ($\rm [Fe/H]\lesssim -1.5$) when up to $\approx 50\%-70\%$ of the in-situ stars formed in massive bound clusters. The dramatic drop of $f_{\rm N/O}$ at $\rm [Fe/H]\gtrsim -0.9$ indicates that after the disk emerges the fraction of stars forming in massive bound clusters decreases by two orders of magnitude.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS
On the functoriality of sl(2) tangle homology
Creators: name: Beliakova, Anna
name: Hogancamp, Matthew
name: Putyra, Krzysztof Karol
name: Wehrli, Stephan Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 55N35

description: We construct an explicit equivalence between the (bi)category of gl(2) webs and foams and the Bar-Natan (bi)category of Temperley-Lieb diagrams and cobordisms. With this equivalence we can fix functoriality of every link homology theory that factors through the Bar-Natan category. To achieve this, we define web versions of arc algebras and their quasi-hereditary covers, which provide strictly functorial tangle homologies. Furthermore, we construct explicit isomorphisms between these algebras and the original ones based on Temperley-Lieb cup diagrams. The immediate application is a strictly functorial version of the Beliakova-Putyra-Wehrli quantization of the annular link homology.
description: 44 pages, color pictures (but printing in black and white is OK)
Pillars and globules at the edges of H ii regions, Confronting Herschel observations and numerical simulations
Creators: name: Tremblin, P.
name: Minier, V.
name: Schneider, N.
name: Audit, E.
name: Hill, T.
name: Didelon, P.
name: Peretto, N.
name: Arzoumanian, D.
name: Motte, F.
name: Zavagno, A.
name: Bontemps, S.
name: Anderson, L. D.
name: Andre, Ph.
name: Bernard, J. P.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Di Francesco, J.
name: Elia, D.
name: Hennemann, M.
name: Konyves, V.
name: Marston, A. P.
name: Luong, Q. Nguyen
name: Rivera-Ingraham, A.
name: Roussel, H.
name: Sousbie, T.
name: Spinoglio, L.
name: White, G. J.
name: Williams, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pillars and globules are present in many high-mass star-forming regions, such as the Eagle nebula (M16) and the Rosette molecular cloud, and understanding their origin will help characterize triggered star formation. The formation mechanisms of these structures are still being debated. Recent numerical simulations have shown how pillars can arise from the collapse of the shell in on itself and how globules can be formed from the interplay of the turbulent molecular cloud and the ionization from massive stars. The goal here is to test this scenario through recent observations of two massive star-forming regions, M16 and Rosette. The column density structure of the interface between molecular clouds and H ii regions was characterized using column density maps obtained from far-infrared imaging of the Herschel HOBYS key programme. Then, the DisPerSe algorithm was used on these maps to detect the compressed layers around the ionized gas and pillars in different evolutionary states. Finally, their velocity structure was investigated using CO data, and all observational signatures were tested against some distinct diagnostics established from simulations. The column density profiles have revealed the importance of compression at the edge of the ionized gas. The velocity properties of the structures, i.e. pillars and globules, are very close to what we predict from the numerical simulations. We have identified a good candidate of a nascent pillar in the Rosette molecular cloud that presents the velocity pattern of the shell collapsing on itself, induced by a high local curvature. Globules have a bulk velocity dispersion that indicates the importance of the initial turbulence in their formation, as proposed from numerical simulations. Altogether, this study re-enforces the picture of pillar formation by shell collapse and globule formation by the ionization of highly turbulent clouds.
description: Accepted in A&A
Far from equilibrium monopole dynamics in spin ice
Creators: name: Paulsen, C.
name: Jackson, M. J.
name: Lhotel, E.
name: Canals, B.
name: Prabhakaran, D.
name: Matsuhira, K.
name: Giblin, S. R.
name: Bramwell, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Condensed matter in the low temperature limit reveals much exotic physics associated with unusual orders and excitations, examples ranging from helium superfluidity to magnetic monopoles in spin ice. The far-from-equilibrium physics of such low temperature states may be even more exotic, yet to access it in the laboratory remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a simple and robust technique, the 'magnetothermal avalanche quench', and its use in the controlled creation of nonequilibrium populations of magnetic monopoles in spin ice at millikelvin temperatures. These populations are found to exhibit spontaneous dynamical effects that typify far-from-equilibrium systems, yet are captured by simple models. Our method thus opens the door to the study of far-from-equilibrium states in spin ice and other exotic magnets.
description: submitted version + suppl. info
Application of Analog Network Coding to MIMO Two-Way Relay Channel in Cellular Systems
Creators: name: Gan, Ming
name: Ding, Zhiguo
name: Dai, Xuchu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An efficient analog network coding transmission protocol is proposed in this letter for a MIMO two way cellular network. Block signal alignment is first proposed to null the inter-user interference for multi-antenna users, which makes the dimensions of aligned space larger compared with the existing signal alignment. Two algorithms are developed to jointly design the precoding matrices at the relay and BS for outage optimization. Especially, the last algorithm is designed to maximize the effective channel gain to the effective noise gain ratio. The performance of this transmission protocol is also verified by simulations.
description: 4 pages,2 figures
Additional file 1 of Measurement and mapping of maternal health service coverage through a novel composite index: a sub-national level analysis in India
Creators: name: Kiran, Tanvi
name: Junaid, K. P.
name: Rajagopal, Vineeth
name: Gupta, Madhu
name: Sharma, Divya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Details of 33rd percentile and 66th percentiles scores in different scenarios (Scenario I to IV).
Non-local Attention Optimized Deep Image Compression
Creators: name: Liu, Haojie
name: Chen, Tong
name: Guo, Peiyao
name: Shen, Qiu
name: Cao, Xun
name: Wang, Yao
name: Ma, Zhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a novel Non-Local Attention Optimized Deep Image Compression (NLAIC) framework, which is built on top of the popular variational auto-encoder (VAE) structure. Our NLAIC framework embeds non-local operations in the encoders and decoders for both image and latent feature probability information (known as hyperprior) to capture both local and global correlations, and apply attention mechanism to generate masks that are used to weigh the features for the image and hyperprior, which implicitly adapt bit allocation for different features based on their importance. Furthermore, both hyperpriors and spatial-channel neighbors of the latent features are used to improve entropy coding. The proposed model outperforms the existing methods on Kodak dataset, including learned (e.g., Balle2019, Balle2018) and conventional (e.g., BPG, JPEG2000, JPEG) image compression methods, for both PSNR and MS-SSIM distortion metrics.
Enhanced Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Outcomes after Implementation of QuantiFERON®-Gold Testing
Creators: name: Crossa, Aldo
name: Kessler, Jason
name: Harris, Tiffany G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: BCG vaccines
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis--Treatment
Medical sciences
Medicine
Public health

description: Background
Use of the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among individuals who received the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is complicated by its potential cross-reaction with TST antigens which may cause false-positive results and lead to patient and physician reluctance to initiate LTBI treatment. QuantiFERON®-TB Gold (QFT-G) lacks this cross-reaction. We sought to study the impact of implementing QFT-G testing in 2006 on LTBI treatment initiation and completion at NYC chest clinics.

Methods
QFT-G results from 10/2006–12/2008 in NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene chest clinics were obtained from the electronic medical record system. The proportions of patients who initiated and completed treatment among patients tested with QFT-G were compared to those tested with TST from 10/2004–9/2006.

Results
Among 36,167 patients tested with QFT-G, 2,300 (6%) tested positive, 33,327 (93%) tested negative, and 540 (1%) had an indeterminate result. Among those who had a positive QFT-G test and deemed eligible, 985 (80%) initiated LTBI treatment and 490 (40%) completed treatment. Historically, among patients tested with TST, 7,073 (19%) tested positive (p<0.0001 compared to QFT-G); 3,182 (79%) of those eligible initiated LTBI treatment and 1,210 (30%) completed treatment (p<0.0001 compared to QFT-G).

Conclusions
QFT-G implementation increased the proportion of patients completing LTBI treatment. Additional studies are needed in more settings to determine whether using QFT-G leads to a sustained increase in treatment completion.
Neutrino-induced reactions on 18O and implications of 18O mixture in water Cherenkov detectors on supernova neutrino events
Creators: name: Suzuki, Toshio
name: Nakazato, Ken'ichiro
name: Sakuda, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections on 18O are evaluated by shell-model calculations and compared with those on 16O. Important contributions from Gamow-Teller transitions are noticed for 18O (ν_e, e^{-})18F in contrary to the case for 16O, where spin-dipole transitions are dominant contributions. Calculated cross sections for 18O(ν_e, e^{-})18F are shown to be larger than for 16O at low neutrino energies below 20 MeV in natural water with the 0.205% admixture of 18O due to the lower threshold energy (1.66 MeV) for 18O than that for 16O (15.42 MeV). The resulting electron spectra, that is, the cross sections as functions of emitted electron energy Te, are also shown to be quite different, reflecting the different threshold energies. The electron spectra from (ν_e, e^{-}) reactions on 18O and 16O in water Cherenkov detectors for supernova neutrino detection are investigated for both the cases with and without the neutrino oscillation and compared with those of the neutrino-electron scattering. It has been shown that the contribution from 18O (0.205% mixture) enhances the rates from 16O by 60% for the case without the oscillation and by 20-30% for the case with the oscillation below Te =20 MeV. For the case with the neutrino oscillation, the event rates for 18O and 16O become comparable to those of the neutrino-electron scattering. However, their rates at low energy (Te < 20 MeV) are much smaller than those of the neutrino-electron scattering, which is important for the pointing accuracy to the supernova direction.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
Digital ultrasonically encoded (DUE) optical focusing into random media
Creators: name: Tay, Jian Wei
name: Lai, Puxiang
name: Suzuki, Yuta
name: Wang, Lihong V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focusing light into opaque random or scattering media such as biological tissue is a much sought-after goal for biomedical applications such as photodynamic therapy, optical manipulation, and photostimulation. However, focusing with conventional lenses is restricted to one transport mean free path in scattering media, limiting both optical penetration depth and resolution. Focusing deeper is possible by using optical phase conjugation or wavefront shaping to compensate for the scattering. For practical applications, wavefront shaping offers the advantage of a robust optical system that is less sensitive to optical misalignment. Here, the phase of the incident light is spatially tailored using a phase-shifting array to pre-compensate for scattering. The challenge, then, is to determine the phase pattern which allows light to be optimally delivered to the target region. Optimization algorithms are typically employed for this purpose, with visible particles used as targets to generate feedback. However, using these particles is invasive, and light delivery is limited to fixed points. Here, we demonstrate a method for non-invasive and dynamic focusing, by using ultrasound encoding as a virtual guide star for feedback to an optimization algorithm. The light intensity at the acoustic focus was increased by an order of magnitude. This technique has broad biomedical applications, such as in optogenetics or photoactivation of drugs.
title: Für und wider Schutz- und Differenzialzölle; 1848
title: eine Berufung an das kritische Urtheil deutscher Volksvertreter
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Prince-Smith, John
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: In Fraktur
Exclusive $η_c$ production by $γ^{*} γ$ interactions in electron-ion collisions
Creators: name: Babiarz, Izabela
name: Goncalves, Victor P.
name: Schäfer, Wolfgang
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main goals of future electron-ion colliders is to improve our understanding of the structure of hadrons. In this letter, we study the exclusive $η_c$ production by $γ^{*} γ$ interactions in $eA$ collisions and demonstrate that future experimental analysis of this process can be used to improve the description of the $η_c$ transition form factor. The rapidity, transverse momentum and photon virtuality distributions are estimated considering the energy and target configurations expected to be present at the EIC, EicC and LHeC and assuming different predictions for the light-front wave function of the $η_c$ meson. Our results indicate that the electron-ion colliders can be considered an alternative to providing supplementary data to those obtained in $e^- e^+$ colliders.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Astrophysics of Super-massive Black Hole Mergers
Creators: name: Schnittman, Jeremy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here an overview of recent work in the subject of astrophysical manifestations of super-massive black hole (SMBH) mergers. This is a field that has been traditionally driven by theoretical work, but in recent years has also generated a great deal of interest and excitement in the observational astronomy community. In particular, the electromagnetic (EM) counterparts to SMBH mergers provide the means to detect and characterize these highly energetic events at cosmological distances, even in the absence of a space-based gravitational-wave observatory. In addition to providing a mechanism for observing SMBH mergers, EM counterparts also give important information about the environments in which these remarkable events take place, thus teaching us about the mechanisms through which galaxies form and evolve symbiotically with their central black holes.
description: Invited article for the focus issue on astrophysical black holes in Classical and Quantum Gravity, guest editors: D. Merritt and L. Rezzolla
Kinetic Models of Wealth Distribution Having Extreme Inequality: Numerical Study of Their Stability Against Random Exchanges
Creators: name: Ghosh, Asim
name: Banerjee, Suchismita
name: Goswami, Sanchari
name: Mitra, Manipushpak
name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of some persistent recent reports on a singular kind of growth of the world wealth inequality, where a finite (often handful) number of people tend to possess more than the wealth of the planet's 50\% population, we explore here if the kinetic exchange models of the market can ever capture such features where a significant fraction of wealth can concentrate in the hands of a countable few when the market size $N$ tends to infinity. One already existing example of such a kinetic exchange model is the Chakraborti or Yard-Sale model, where (in absence of tax redistribution etc) the entire wealth condenses in the hand of one (for any value of $N$), and the market dynamics stops. With tax redistribution etc, its steady state dynamics have been shown to have remarkable applicability in many cases of our extremely unequal world. We show here that another kinetic exchange model (called here the Banerjee model) has intriguing intrinsic dynamics, by which only ten rich traders or agents possess about 99.98\% of the total wealth in the steady state (without any tax etc like external manipulation) for any large value of $N$. We will discuss in some detail the statistical features of this model using Monte Carlo simulations. We will also show, if the traders each have a non-vanishing probability $f$ of following random exchanges, then these condensations of wealth (100\% in the hand of one agent in the Chakraborti model, or about 99.98\% in the hands ten agents in the Banerjee model) disappear in the large $N$ limit. We will also see that due to the built-in possibility of random exchange dynamics in the earlier proposed Goswami-Sen model, where the exchange probability decreases with an inverse power of the wealth difference of the pair of traders, one did not see any wealth condensation phenomena.
description: 10 pages and 9 figures; Invited paper in the Special Issue on "Statistical Physics and Its Applications in Economics and Social Sciences", in Entropy (in press)
Additional file 2 of Measurement and mapping of maternal health service coverage through a novel composite index: a sub-national level analysis in India
Creators: name: Kiran, Tanvi
name: Junaid, K. P.
name: Rajagopal, Vineeth
name: Gupta, Madhu
name: Sharma, Divya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Maternal Health Service Coverage Index (MHSI) values at sub-national level in India based four different scenarios for base year (2017-2018) and reference year (2019-2020).
title: Angehörigenbefragung in der stationären Altenpflege
title: Gutachten, Fragebogen, Leitfaden
titleType: Subtitle
title: Konzept zur Befragung von Angehörigen zur Qualitätseinschätzung der Versorgung in Einrichtungen der stationären Langzeitpflege zum Zwecke der Verbraucherinformation, Verbesserung der Versorgung  sowie Unterstützung behördlicher Aufsichtstätigkeit
titleType: Subtitle
title: Revidierte Fassung vom März 2023
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
name: Weisse Liste gemeinnützige GmbH
name: Deutsches Institut für angewandte Pflegeforschung e. V.
Publisher: name: Weisse Liste gemeinnützige GmbH
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pflegeheim
Angehörige
Altenpflege
Befragung

description: Diese Publikation stellt ein fundiertes und praxisorientiertes Instrument zur Befragung von Angehörigen zur Qualität von Pflegeheimen vor, das von der Weissen Liste erarbeitet wurde. Die Befragung ist für alle Bundesländer einsatzbereit. Sie dient der Verbraucherinformation und unterstützt Einrichtung und Aufsichtsbehörden. Der Fragebogen umfasst 31 Fragen aus sieben Qualitätsdimensionen wie beispielsweise „Selbstbestimmung“, „Personal“ oder „Essen und Trinken“.
Polymyxin E Induces Rapid Paenibacillus polymyxa Death by Damaging Cell Membrane while Ca2+ Can Protect Cells from Damage
Creators: name: Qin, Wangrong
name: Yu, Zhiliang
name: Cai, Yuanning
name: Lin, Jianxun
name: Qiu, Juanping
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Gram-positive bacteria
Cell membranes
Polymyxin
Molecular biology
Cytology
Biochemistry

description: Polymyxin E, produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa, is an important antibiotic normally against Gram-negative pathogens. In this study, we found that polymyxin E can kill its producer P. polymyxa, a Gram-positive bacterium, by disrupting its cell membrane. Membrane damage was clearly revealed by detecting the leakage of intracellular molecules. The observation using scanning electron microscopy also supported that polymyxin E can destroy the cell membrane and cause an extensive cell surface alteration. On the other hand, divalent cations can give protection against polymyxin E. Compared with Mg2+, Ca2+ can more effectively alleviate polymyxin E-induced damage to the cell membrane, thus remarkably increasing the P. polymyxa survival. Our findings would shed light on a not yet described bactericidal mechanism of polymyxin E against Gram-positive bacteria and more importantly the nature of limited fermentation output of polymyxin E from P. polymyxa.
Cabling in terms of immersed curves
Creators: name: Hanselman, Jonathan
name: Watson, Liam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In joint work with J. Rasmussen, we gave an interpretation of Heegaard Floer homology for manifolds with torus boundary in terms of immersed curves in a punctured torus. In particular, knot Floer homology is captured by this invariant. Appealing to earlier work of the authors on bordered Floer homology, we give a formula for the behaviour of these immersed curves under cabling.
description: 18 pages, mostly figures
Fine structures of radio bursts from flare star AD Leo with FAST observations
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiale
name: Tian, Hui
name: Zarka, Philippe
name: Louis, Corentin K.
name: Lu, Hongpeng
name: Gao, Dongyang
name: Sun, Xiaohui
name: Yu, Sijie
name: Chen, Bin
name: Cheng, Xin
name: Wang, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio bursts from nearby active M-dwarfs have been frequently reported and extensively studied in solar or planetary paradigms. Whereas, their sub-structures or fine structures remain rarely explored despite their potential significance in diagnosing the plasma and magnetic field properties of the star. Such studies in the past have been limited by the sensitivity of radio telescopes. Here we report the inspiring results from the high time-resolution observations of a known flare star AD Leo with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). We detected many radio bursts in the two days of observations with fine structures in the form of numerous millisecond-scale sub-bursts. Sub-bursts on the first day display stripe-like shapes with nearly uniform frequency drift rates, which are possibly stellar analogs to Jovian S-bursts. Sub-bursts on the second day, however, reveal a different blob-like shape with random occurrence patterns and are akin to solar radio spikes. The new observational results suggest that the intense emission from AD Leo is driven by electron cyclotron maser instability which may be related to stellar flares or interactions with a planetary companion.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Unified $(p,q; α,γ, l)$-deformation of oscillator algebra and two-dimensional conformal field theory
Creators: name: Burban, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The unified $ (p,q; α,γ, l)$-deformation of a number of well-known deformed oscillator algebras is introduced.The deformation is constructed by imputing new free parameters into the structure functions and by generalizing the defining relations of these algebras. The generalized Jordan-Schwinger and Holstein-Primakoff realizations of the $U_{pq}^{αγl}(su(2))$ algebra by the generalized $ (p,q; α,γ, l)$-deformed operators are found. The generalized $ (p,q; α,γ, l)$-deformation of the two-dimensional conformal field theory is established. By introducing the $ (p,q; α,γ, l)$-operator product expansion (OPE) between the energy momentum tensor and primary fields, we obtain the $ (p,q; α,γ, l)$-deformed centerless Virasoro algebra. The two-point correlation function of the primary generalized $ (p,q; α,γ, l)$-deformed fields is calculated.
description: 14 pages
Additional file 3 of Measurement and mapping of maternal health service coverage through a novel composite index: a sub-national level analysis in India
Creators: name: Kiran, Tanvi
name: Junaid, K. P.
name: Rajagopal, Vineeth
name: Gupta, Madhu
name: Sharma, Divya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 3. Incremental change of MHSI values and categorization of states in base year and reference year (Scenario II).
title: Entwurf zu einem Zolltarif für das vereinte Deutschland; 1848
title: ausgearbeitet und mit Motiven versehen in Gemässheit der Berathungen der in Frankfurt a. M. versammelt gewesenen Abgeordneten des Handelsstandes ; November, 1848
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: In Fraktur
Wavelength-stepping algorithm for testing thickness, front and back surfaces of optical plates with high signal-to-noise ratio
Creators: name: Servin, Manuel
name: Paez, Gonzalo
name: Padilla, Moises
name: Garnica, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a least-squares phase-stepping algorithm (LS-PSA) consisting of only 14 steps for high-quality optical plate testing. Optical plate testing produces an infinite number of simultaneous fringe patterns due to multiple reflections. However, because of the small reflection of common optical materials, only a few simultaneous fringes have amplitudes above the measuring noise. From these fringes, only the variations of the plate's surfaces and thickness are of interest. To measure these plates, one must use wavelength-stepping, which corresponds to phase-stepping in standard digital interferometry. The designed PSA must phase-demodulate a single fringe sequence and filter out the remaining temporal fringes. In the available literature, researchers have adapted PSAs to the dimensions of particular plates. As a consequence, there are as many PSAs published as different testing plate conditions. Moreover, these PSAs are designed with too many phase-steps to provide detuning robustness well above the required level. Instead, we mathematically prove that a single 14-step LS-PSA can adapt to several testing setups. As is well known, this 14-step LS-PSA has a maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the highest harmonics rejection among any other 14-step PSA. Due to optical dispersion and experimental length measuring errors, the fringes may have a slight phase detuning. Using propagation error theory, we demonstrate that measuring distances with around 1% uncertainty produces a small and acceptable detuning error for the proposed 14-step LS-PSA.
description: 8 pages, 14 figures, original research under revision for publication in OPTICA's JOSA-A
Projective Naturality in Heegaard Floer Homology
Creators: name: Gartner, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\text{Man}_{*}$ denote the category of closed, connected, oriented and based $3$-manifolds, with basepoint preserving diffeomorphisms between them. Juhász, Thurston and Zemke showed that the Heegaard Floer invariants are natural with respect to diffeomorphisms, in the sense that there are functors $HF^{\circ}: \text{Man}_{*} \rightarrow \mathbb{F}_{2}[U]\text{-}\text{Mod}$ whose values agree with the invariants defined by Ozsváth and Szabó. The invariant associated to a based $3$-manifold comes from a transitive system in $\mathbb{F}_{2}[U]\text{-}\text{Mod}$ associated to a graph of embedded Heegaard diagrams representing the $3$-manifold. We show that the Heegaard Floer invariants yield functors $HF^{\circ}: \text{Man}_{*} \rightarrow \text{Trans}(P(\mathbb{Z}[U]\text{-}\text{Mod}))$ to the category of transitive systems in a projectivized category of $\mathbb{Z}[U]$-modules. In doing so, we will see that the transitive system of modules associated to a $3$-manifold actually comes from an underlying transitive system in the projectivized homotopy category of chain complexes over $\mathbb{Z}[U]\text{-}\text{Mod}$. We discuss an application to involutive Heegaard Floer homology, and potential generalizations of our results.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1210.4996 by other authors. Updated to accepted version. Modified the approach to the main results in section 8, which were not sound; extended applications section; improved and extended discussion of various aspects of orientation systems
Quantitative Method for the Optimal Subtraction of Continuum Emission from Narrow-band Images : Skewness Transition Analysis
Creators: name: Hong, Sungryong
name: Calzetti, Daniela
name: Dickinson, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an objective method to remove the stellar continuum emission from narrow-band images to derive emission-line images. The method is based on the skewness of the pixel histogram of the residual images. Specifically, we exploit a transition in the skewness of the signal in the continuum-subtracted image, which appears when the image changes from being under-subtracted to over-subtracted. Tests on one-dimensional artificial images demonstrate that the transition identifies the optimal scaling factor μ to be used on the broad-band image IB in order to produce the optimal line-emission image IE, i.e., IE =IN - μ IB, with IN the original (un-subtracted) narrow-band image. The advantage of this method is that it uses all information-bearing pixels in the final image, and not just a sub-set of those pixels (the latter being common in many traditional approaches to stellar continuum removal from narrow-band images). We apply our method to actual images, both from ground-based and space facilities, in particular to WFPC2 and ACS images from the Hubble Space Telescope, and we show that it is successful irrespective of the nature of the sources (point-like or extended). We also discuss the impact on the accuracy of the method of non-optimal images, such as those containing saturated sources or non-uniform background, and present `workarounds' for those problems.
description: 22 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in PASP; The program and tutorial video about this method are available at https://sites.google.com/site/shongcontisub/home
title: Wer hat die arbeitende Classe zu seiner jetzigen Entwürdigung geführt?; [1848]
title: nebst einigen Worten Juden-Emancipation
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kragl, Franz
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopfitel
Topological methods for studying contextuality: $N$-cycle scenarios and beyond
Creators: name: Kharoof, Aziz
name: Ipek, Selman
name: Okay, Cihan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Simplicial distributions are combinatorial models describing distributions on spaces of measurements and outcomes that generalize non-signaling distributions on contextuality scenarios. This paper studies simplicial distributions on $2$-dimensional measurement spaces by introducing new topological methods. Two key ingredients are a geometric interpretation of Fourier--Motzkin elimination and a technique based on collapsing of measurement spaces. Using the first one, we provide a new proof of Fine's theorem characterizing non-contextual distributions on $N$-cycle scenarios. Our approach goes beyond these scenarios and can describe non-contextual distributions on scenarios obtained by gluing cycle scenarios of various sizes. The second technique is used for detecting contextual vertices and deriving new Bell inequalities. Combined with these methods, we explore a monoid structure on simplicial distributions.
description: 38 pages, 18 figures
Distributed Bayesian Computation and Self-Organized Learning in Sheets of Spiking Neurons with Local Lateral Inhibition
Creators: name: Buesing, Lars
name: Habenschuss, Stefan
name: Bill, Johannes
name: Nessler, Bernhard
name: Maass, Wolfgang
name: Legenstein, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neuroplasticity
subject: Neurons
subject: Inhibition
subject: Bayesian statistical decision theory
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Molecular biology
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: During the last decade, Bayesian probability theory has emerged as a framework in cognitive science and neuroscience for describing perception, reasoning and learning of mammals. However, our understanding of how probabilistic computations could be organized in the brain, and how the observed connectivity structure of cortical microcircuits supports these calculations, is rudimentary at best. In this study, we investigate statistical inference and self-organized learning in a spatially extended spiking network model, that accommodates both local competitive and large-scale associative aspects of neural information processing, under a unified Bayesian account. Specifically, we show how the spiking dynamics of a recurrent network with lateral excitation and local inhibition in response to distributed spiking input, can be understood as sampling from a variational posterior distribution of a well-defined implicit probabilistic model. This interpretation further permits a rigorous analytical treatment of experience-dependent plasticity on the network level. Using machine learning theory, we derive update rules for neuron and synapse parameters which equate with Hebbian synaptic and homeostatic intrinsic plasticity rules in a neural implementation. In computer simulations, we demonstrate that the interplay of these plasticity rules leads to the emergence of probabilistic local experts that form distributed assemblies of similarly tuned cells communicating through lateral excitatory connections. The resulting sparse distributed spike code of a well-adapted network carries compressed information on salient input features combined with prior experience on correlations among them. Our theory predicts that the emergence of such efficient representations benefits from network architectures in which the range of local inhibition matches the spatial extent of pyramidal cells that share common afferent input.
Wind Turbine Model and Observer in Takagi-Sugeno Model Structure
Creators: name: Georg, Sören
name: Müller, Matthias
name: Schulte, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Based on a reduced-order, dynamic nonlinear wind turbine model in Takagi-Sugeno (TS) model structure, a TS state observer is designed as a disturbance observer to estimate the unknown effective wind speed. The TS observer model is an exact representation of the underlying nonlinear model, obtained by means of the sector-nonlinearity approach. The observer gain matrices are obtained by means of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) design approach for optimal fuzzy control, where weighting matrices for the individual system states and outputs are included. The observer is tested in simulations with the aero-elastic code FAST for the NREL 5 MW reference turbine, where it shows a stable behaviour both for IEC wind gusts and turbulent wind input.
description: "The Science of Making Torque from Wind", Oldenburg, Germany, October 2012, European Academy of Wind Energy
CP violation in light neutrino oscillations and heavy neutrino decays: a general and explicit seesaw-bridged correlation
Creators: name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the help of a block parametrization of the canonical seesaw flavor textures in terms of the Euler-like rotation angles and CP-violaing phases, we derive a general and explicit expression for the Jarlskog invariant of CP violation in neutrino oscillations and compare it with the CP-violating asymmetries of heavy Majorana neutrino decays within the minimal seesaw framework which contains two right-handed neutrino fields. Two simplified scenarios are discussed to illustrate how direct or indirect the correlation between these two types of CP violation can be.
description: LaTeX 16 pages. More discussions added. Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Axions and the Galactic Angular Momentum Distribution
Creators: name: Banik, N.
name: Sikivie, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the behavior of axion dark matter before it falls into a galactic gravitational potential well. The axions thermalize sufficiently fast by gravitational self-interactions that almost all go to their lowest energy state consistent with the total angular momentum acquired from tidal torquing. That state is a state of rigid rotation on the turnaround sphere. It predicts the occurrence and detailed properties of the caustic rings of dark matter for which observational evidence had been found earlier. We show that the vortices in the axion Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) are attractive, unlike those in superfluid $^4$He and dilute gases. We expect that a large fraction of the vortices in the axion BEC join into a single big vortex along the rotation axis of the galaxy. The resulting enhancement of caustic rings explains the typical size of the rises in the Milky Way rotation curve attributed to caustic rings. We show that baryons and ordinary cold dark matter particles are entrained by the axion BEC and acquire the same velocity distribution. The resulting baryonic angular momentum distribution gives a good qualitative fit to the distributions observed in dwarf galaxies. We give estimates of the minimum fraction of dark matter that is axions.
description: 33 pages, 3 figures
Source Code Retrieval Using Sequence Based Similarity
Creators: name: Udagawa, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.2.8; D.2.7; H.3.3

description: Duplicated code has a negative impact on the quality of software systems and should be detected at least. In this paper, we discuss an approach that improves source code retrieval using the structural information about the programs. We developed a lexical parser to extract control statements and method identifiers from Java programs. We propose a similarity measure that is defined by the ratio of the number of sequentially full matching statements to the number of sequentially partial matching ones. The similarity measure is considered to be an extension of a set based similarity index, e.g., Sorensen-Dice index. Our key contribution of this research is the development of a similarity retrieval algorithm that derives meaningful search conditions from a given sequence, and then performs retrieval using all of the derived conditions. Experiments show that our retrieval model outperforms the other retrieval models up to 90.9% in the number of retrieved methods.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Novel approach to investigate $η$ decays via $η'\rightarrowππη$
Creators: name: Kang, Xiaolin
name: Ji, Yuyao
name: Yuan, Xiaoqing
name: Xiang, Benhou
name: Zhou, Xiaorong
name: Peng, Haiping
name: Huang, Xingtao
name: Fang, Shuangshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To avoid the impact from the background events directly from $e^+e^-$ annihilations or $J/ψ$ decays, we propose a novel approach to investigate $η$ decays, in particular for its rare or forbidden decays, by using $η^\prime\rightarrowππη$ produced in $J/ψ$ decays at the $τ-$charm factories. Based on the MC studies of a few typical decays, $η\rightarrow ππ$, $γl^+l^- (l= e, μ)$, $l^+l^-$, as well as $l^+l^-π^0$, the sensitivities could be obviously improved by taking advantage of the extra constraint of $η^\prime$. Using one trillion $J/ψ$ events accumulated at the Super $τ$-Charm facility, the precision on the investigation of $η$ decays could be improved significantly and the observation of the rare decay $η\rightarrow e^+e^-$ is even accessable.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
title: Vortrag über Industrie, Erwerb- und Gewerbwesen im Allgemeinen, dann über das Gewerbswesen in der königl. Haupt- und Residenzstadt München; 1848
title: erstattet in öffentlicher Magistrats-Sitzung am 9. November 1848
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Klaußner, Ignaz
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Mit Anlagen A-C
Some Weyl modules of the algebraic groups of type $E_6$
Creators: name: Sin, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G05, 20G41

description: Let $G$ be a simple algebraic group of type $E_6$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$. We determine the submodule structure of the Weyl modul es with highest weight $rω_1$ for $0\leq r\leq p-1$, where $ω_1$ is the fundamental weight of the standard $27$-dimensional module. In the process, the structures of other Weyl modules with highest weights linked to $rω_1$ are also found. %We also give some computations for the Weyl modules with highest weights %of the form $r(ω_1+ω_6)$, which arise in the study of %the graph automorphism and associated twisted finite groups.
description: 25 pages
Comments on ABJM free energy on $S^{3}$ at large $N$ and perturbative expansions in M-theory and string theory
Creators: name: Beccaria, Matteo
name: Tseytlin, Arkady A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare large $N$ expansion of the localization result for the free energy $F$ in the 3d $\mathcal{N}=6$ superconformal $U(N)_k \times U(N)_{-k}$ Chern-Simons-matter theory to its AdS/CFT counterpart, i.e. to the perturbative expansion of M-theory partition function on AdS$_{4}\times S^{7}/\mathbb{Z}_{k}$ and to the weak string coupling expansion of type IIA effective action on AdS$_{4}\times {\rm CP}^3$. We show that the general form of the perturbative expansions of $F$ on the two sides of the AdS/CFT duality is indeed the same. Moreover, the transcendentality properties of the coefficients in the large $N$, large $k$ expansion of $F$ match those in the corresponding M-theory or string theory expansions. To shed light on the structure of the 1-loop M-theory partition function on AdS$_{4}\times S^{7}/\mathbb{Z}_{k}$ we use the expression for the 1-loop 4-graviton scattering amplitude in the 11d supergravity. We also use the known information about the transcendental coefficients of the leading curvature invariants in the low-energy effective action of type II string theory. Matching of the remaining rational factors in the coefficients requires a precise information about currently unknown RR field strength terms in the corresponding superinvariants.
description: 24 pages. v3: comments added in Appendix B
Implementing Ranking-Based Semantics in ConArg: a Preliminary Report
Creators: name: Bistarelli, Stafano
name: Faloci, Francesco
name: Taticchi, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ConArg is a suite of tools that offers a wide series of applications for dealing with argumentation problems. In this work, we present the advances we made in implementing a ranking-based semantics, based on computational choice power indexes, within ConArg. Such kind of semantics represents a method for sorting the arguments of an abstract argumentation framework, according to some preference relation. The ranking-based semantics we implement relies on Shapley, Banzhaf, Deegan-Packel and Johnston power index, transferring well know properties from computational social choice to argumentation framework ranking-based semantics.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables