Physodera dejeani Eschscholtz 1829
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera dejeani

description: Physodera dejeani Eschscholtz, 1829
Figs. 14, 29, 37, 54.
Eschscholtz 1829: 8 (type locality: Manila (the Philippines); syntypes in ZMUM (probably) and MNHN); Schmidt-Göbel 1846: 46; Lacordaire 1854: 130; Andrewes 1923: 22; Heller 1923: 305; Csiki 1932: 1347; Jedlička 1963: 300; Darlington 1971: 326; Ball et al. 1995: 278; Kirschenhofer 1996: 781; Kabak 2003: 438; Shi et al. 2013: 41. Physodera noctiluca Mohnike 1875: 154 (Type locality: Java; syntype in MNHN); Csiki: 1932: 1347; Shi et al. 2013: 41. syn. n.
Material examined. Syntype of Physodera dejeani Eschscholtz, a male (MNHN), " Dejeani, Esch, Physodera, in Ins. Philipp. D. " [yellow label]; " Eschscholtz " [yellow label]; " Paratype " [red label]; "Ex Musaeo, Chaudoir" [red print]; "Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür". (Figs. 2, 14) Syntype of P. noctiluca Mohnike, 1 female (MNHN), " Java, coll., Mohnike "; " Ex Musaeo, H.W. Bates, 1892"; " Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür". (Figs. 3, 15); China: 1 male (IZAS), " Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 620–650m, 1959. VI.9, Zhang Yiran lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Menglun town Xipian, 720m, 2004. II.13, Wu Jie lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan Prov., Cangyuan Town, Banlao power station, 1010m, 1980. V.15, light trap, Li Yanbao lgt.". 1 female (CCCC), " Taiwan, Taoyüan county, Chen Changchin lgt., 1994. V. 28 ". 1 specimen (HBUM), " Hainan Prov., Ledong Jianfengling, 2007. V.17–21, Ba Yibin & Lang Juntong lgt.". Vietnam: 1 female (IZAS), " Tonkin Hoa-Binh, leg. A. de Cooman ". the Philippines: 1 specimen (MNHN), " Balabac ". 1 specimen (MNHN), " Balabac, Standinger ". 1 specimen (MNHN), " Philippines, Ch. Seinper". Java: 1 specimen (MNHN), " Java occ. Wynkoops Bay.". 2 specimens (MNHN), " Java, Radjamandala, 1937.". 1 specimen (MNHN), " Java, Mt. Moeria, 3- 4000'". 5 specimens (MNHN), " Java, Malang ". 1 specimen (MNHN), " Java "; " Ex Musaeo, H.W. Bates, 1892". 2 specimens (MNHN), " Java, J.D. Pasteur 268-94". Sumatra: 2 specimens (MNHN), " Dohrn, Sumatra, Liangagas ". 1 specimen (MNHN), " Malare ". 1 specimen (MNHN), " Sumatra, Montes Battak, ex coll. Fruhstorfer ". 1 specimen (MNHN), " Dr. B. Hagen., Tandjong Morawa., Serdang, (N. Sumatra)". Bhutan: 1 specimen (MNHN), " Maria Basti, British Bootang ". 2 specimens (MNHN), " British Bootang, Maria Basti, L. Durel". 5 specimens (MNHN), " British Bootang, L. Durel, 1898". India: 3 specimens (MNHN), " Khasia Hills ". 2 specimens (MNHN), " Andamans ". 2 specimens (MNHN), " Gopaldhara, Br. Sikkim, H. Stevens. ". 1 specimen (MNHN), " Inde Anglaise, Pedong, Région de Darjeeling., Chasseurs indigènes, 1933.".
Notes on type. P. dejeani Eschscholtz: In the original literature, the author did not indicate or imply how many specimens belonging to the type series. We found a male, bearing Dejean’s hand-written label in the collection of MNHN. This one belonged to Dejean's collection, and supposed to be presented from Eschscholtz, and doubtless one of the type series. However, Eschscholtz’s own collection ought to be in ZMUM, and more syntypes are expected to be found there. We are not to designate a lectotype until more syntypes are examined.
P. noctiluca Mohnike: In the original literature, the author merely mentioned the locality Java without more information on the type specimens. In the collection of MNHN, we found a female bearing a hand-written label "Java, coll., Mohnike", fitting with the original literature, and should be one of the syntypes.
Diagnosis. Body length 9.5–10.8 mm. Dorsal side black or dark brown with purple hue; pronotum with a pair of ivory callosities on each side, callosities distinctly larger than eyes; elytra unicolor. Tergum VII bicolor, middle area black, lateral sides with large yellow patch (Fig. 47 B); sternum VII black, lateral sides with a pair of oblique yellow bands on each side (Fig. 47 A). Pronotum base shortly lobed, lateral notch (between posterior angle and basal lobe) width more than two times as length (Fig. 52). Elytral third interval with two setigerous pores; apical margin strongly curved.
This species can be readily distinguished from other members of Physodera by the present of ivory callosities on pronotum, except for P. chalceres. These two very similar species are different in: P. dejeani is generally larger than P. chalceres; P. dejeani with pronotal callosities much larger than eyes (versus the pronotal callosities smaller, about same size as eyes in P. chalceres); the pronotum base shortly lobed, and the lateral notches width much greater (more than two times) than length (Fig. 52) (versus the pronotum base strongly lobed, the lateral notches deeper, its width about same as length (Fig. 53) in P. chalceres); median lobe of aedeagus with apex strongly bent to the right side, apical lamella longer, its length about same as basal width (Fig. 37) in P. dejeani (versus median lobe of aedeagus with apex only slightly bent to the right side, apical lamella shorter, its length about 0.6 times as basal width (Fig. 38) in P. chalceres.
Male genitalia (Fig. 37). Median lobe of aedeagus fairly stout, apex strongly bent to right side in ventral view, right margin weakly sinuate before apex; dorsal surface with finely setose subapically; apical lamella small, its length about same as basal width, rounded apically. Internal sac with main flagellum thick, apex almost reaching apical orifice; trumpet-form expansion large, length about 0.4 times as the main flagellum; secondary flagellum and apical bursa absent.
Female genitalia (Fig. 54). Apical segment of ovipositor coniform and straight, widest at base, gradually narrowed to apex, apex sharp, its length about 4 times as basal width; outer and inner margins weakly curved; apical half with long setae; membranous extension slender, slightly expanded at apex.
Distribution. China (Yunnan, Hainan and Taiwan), Vietnam, the Philippines, Java, Sumatra, Bhutan, North India. (Fig. 64)
Remarks. When describing P. noctiluca, Mohnike noticed that his specimen has no morphological difference with P. dejeani. After examining the syntypes of these two, the synonymy between P. noctiluca and P. dejeani is confirmed. Actually, P. noctiluca was established merely for the presence of bioluminescence on pronotal callosities (Mohnike 1875). So far, in Coleoptera, bioluminescence is only recorded in four families (Elateridae, Lampyridae, Phengodidae, and Rhagophthalmidae) of Elateroidea. It looks that the confirmation of bioluminescence in P. dejeani is interesting. But, in the early of 2016, one of the authors (SHL) observed a living individual of P. chalceres which is very close to P. dejeani, in Sabah, and confirmed that the observed species has no bioluminescence. So, we suspect that, the record of bioluminescence in P. dejeani was just a misconception of the striking contrast between dark pronotum and light callosity.
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on pages 302-303, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097