Clivina clivinoides Schmidt-Gobel 1846, stat. restit.
Creators: name: Balkenohl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Clivina
Clivina clivinoides

description: <i>Clivina clivinoides</i> Schmidt-Göbel, 1846 stat. restit. (Figs 6, 10, 17, 37, 57, 104) <i>Eupalamus clivinoides</i> Schmidt-Göbel, 1846: Tab. III, 4; <i>Clivina parryi</i> Putzeys, 1863: BATES, 1889: 100 (<i>E. clivinoides</i> Schmidt-Göbel); PUTZEYS, 1866: 130; <i>Clivina castanea</i> Westwood, 1837: ANDREWES, 1919: 179 (<i>E. clivinoides</i> Schmidt-Göbel, 1846), 1923: 63, 1926: 377, 1928: 150, 1929a: 374, 1930b: 112; CSIKI, 1927: 499; BALKENOHL, 2001: 14, 2017c: 255; <i>Clivina castanea</i> Westwood, 1837: LORENZ, 1998: 131 (<i>C. clivinoides</i> Schmidt-Göbel, 1846); 2005: 142. TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype by present designation: • &amp;female;, with labels and data: pale beige, handwritten with black ink “ <i>Cliv</i>. n.sp. Tenass” / pale beige, black printed and handwritten in black ink “Coll. Helfer. Ind. or” / black printed “TYP. Schmidt- Göbel.” / black printed and handwritten in black ink, black framed “Mus. R. Boh. Inv. &amp;ccaron;. <i>Clivina</i> Parryi clivinoides S.-G” (Fig. 10) (NHMP). Paralectotype: • 1 spec., same data as lectotype but without first label (NHMP). REMARK regarding the type material: The abdomen and the right hind leg is missing from the paralectotype, so, the gender is unknown. In the lectotype the right antennomeres from joint six onwards and the two right apical tarsomeres of the intermediate leg are missing. Both specimens show a pin hole on the right side. TAXONOMIC REMARKS. <i>In</i>: SCHMIDT- GÖBEL (1846, Tab. III., 4.) a species is figured called “ <i>Eupalamus m. clivinoides</i> m.” [“m.” is the abbreviation for the Latin “mihi” = by me]. The copper engraved figure contains four parts: the habitus including the scale, and a detailed figure of the mentum, the labrum, and the anterior part of the front leg with tibia and tarsomeres. As stated in the legend to Tab. III, no written description was provided, but was planned to follow soon. Since the written description never followed, only the figures and the name are published. ANDREWES (1919) thought this figured species is a synonym of <i>Clivina parryi</i> and later <i>C. parryi</i> was synonymized with <i>C. castanea</i>. Since that time, the name <i>C. clivinoides</i> Schmidt-Göbel, 1846 is listed among the alleged synonyms of <i>C. castanea</i>. ANDREWES (1919) studied the holotype of <i>C. castanea</i> but obviously did not compare it with the figure given by SCHMIDT-GÖBEL (1846). ANDREWES (1923) provided some information on the type material of Schmidt-Göbel deposited in NHMP. He mentioned “there are in the collection a number of specimens from Tenasserim”. In 1926 and 1929 ANDREWES mentioned, “In the Prague Museum there are a number of examples taken by Helfer, but nothing to indicate which was the specimen figured by Schmidt-Göbel as <i>Eupalamus clivinoides</i>.” (ANDREWES 1929: 375). Enquiries revealed that there are eight specimens deposited in the NHMP collected by Helfer in Tenasserim. Four of them carry the label “TYP. Schmidt- Göbel.”, and one the additional label “ <i>Cliv</i>. n.sp. Tenass” (for complete label information see type material). Therefore, the objective reference source for the species is ensured and available for study. Investigation of the four specimens indicated as “TYP. Schmidt- Göbel.” showed they are not conspecific but belong to two different species, which are at first glance very similar in dorsal view. The figures provided by SCHMIDT- GÖBEL (1846) fit quite exactly to two of the specimens and definitely not to the other two. This is true in particular for the shape of the mentum, the shape of the pronotum, and the anterior margin of the labrum. Also, the size fits quite exactly. The other two specimens belong to <i>C. schillhammeri</i> sp. nov. and are listed under paratypes (Myanmar) of that species. Consequently, and for reasons of stability of nomenclature, a lectotype has been designated. Because in one of the specimens the abdomen is missing, the complete one, a female, has been selected as lectotype. REMARK. Today, <i>Reichardtula</i> WHITEHEAD, 1977 is the replacement name for <i>Eupalamus</i> Schmidt-Göbel, 1846 (see explanation in BOUSQUET 2009). DIAGNOSIS. Asmall sized species with smooth lateral margin of the pronotum and margin of the elytron subcrenulated in anterior fifth, and glossy intervals of the elytron. The lobe of the mentum is shaped like a skewed trapezium, with triangular anterior angle and obtuse rounded median angle, and with the lateral margin straight. The only other species which shows at the base of the elytron two additional tubercles and glossy intervals is <i>C. trachys</i>. However, <i>C trachys</i> differs in the much larger size, the distinctly square outline of the pronotum with its widened lateral channel, the position of the first setigerous puncture on interval three of the elytron, and the missing flat impressions behind the anterior angles of the pronotum. DESCRIPTION AND REFIGURING. <i>Measurements</i>. Lectotype: Body length 7.38 mm, width 2.33 mm; ratiolength/widthofpronotum 0.91; ratiolength/widthofelytra 1.71. Paralectotype: Body length 7.14 mm, width 2.21 mm, ratiolength/width of pronotum 0.91, ratio length/widthofelytra 1.78. <i>Colour</i>: Glossy. Piceous. Legs, antenna and mouthparts fuscous. <i>Head</i>: Athird narrower than pronotum. Clypeus slightly excised anteriorly, reflexed margined margin; wing nearly as protruding as clypeus, moderately hollowed out, separated from clypeus by distinct notch; supraantennal plate convex, reflexed margined. Supraantennal plate extended up to mid-eye level, separated from wing by obtuse notch. Clypeus transverse, square, moderately convex, separated from frons by deep narrow furrow. Frons convex, with posteriorly moderately sharp lateral carina at posterior eye-level. Clypeus and frons laterally with indistinct irregular reticulation, separated from wing and supraantennal plate by moderately narrow furrow continuing posteriorly as wider supraorbital furrow with two supraorbital setigerous punctures at posterior eye level. Neck constriction developed as convex step, with line-like row of bigger suboval punctures. Eye projecting. Gena short, enclosing eye posteriorly. Antenna relatively short, reaching just up to posterior setigerous puncture of pronotum, antennomeres four to ten elongate (ratio L/ W 2.0). Labrum shaped like a flat obtuse triangular, with indistinct irregular reticulation, seven setose. Mentum (Fig. 37) with isodiametrically to longitudinally reticulated surface, with lobe slightly concavely hollowed out, shape of lobe like a skewed trapezium, with triangular anterior angle and obtuse rounded median angle, lateral margin straight, anterior border sinuate, carinate laterally and anteriorly, with moderately long carina at middle, median tooth elongated, as far protruding anteriorly as lobe, obtusely angled anteriorly. <i>Pronotum</i> (Fig. 57): Disk regularly moderately convex in lateral and frontal view. Wider than long. Shape subsquare. Anterior margin excised. Reflexed lateral margin smooth, slightly convex laterally, moderately contracted in anterior fifth, widest behind posterior third; anterior angle projecting; posterior angle distinct. Lateral channel subrugose, not widened between the two setigerous punctures. Median line narrow, line-like, anterior transverse line composed of longitudinal punctures, median line joining and surpassing anterior transverse line, joining basal constriction. Disk smooth, laterally behind anterior angle with short indistinct longitudinal impression, with a few transverse wrinkles and finely scattered punctures, with isodiametric reticulation laterally at base, with a distinct transverse ruga at basal declivity. <i>Elytron</i> (Fig. 6): Disk indistinctly convex in anterior half in lateral view, convex on frontal view. Distinctly less than twice as long as wide, maximum width nearly at middle. Reflexed lateral margin subcrenulated in anterior fifth. Scutellar striole long; setigerous tubercle at base of first stria distinct, with distinct tubercle at base of third interval and small one at base of fourth interval. Striae moderately deep, punctuate-striate, one to three free at base, four to seven joining at humerus, one joining with seven at apex, the others ending free at apex. Intervals moderately convex, eight with short carina at humerus and longer one apically. Third interval with four setigerous punctures, first located near base slightly removed from second stria, second placed in the middle of interval, the other two approaching third stria. Surface of intervals glossy. <i>Hind wings</i>: Fully developed. <i>Lower surface</i>: Proepisternum with transverse wrinkles, laterally with fine imbricate reticulation. Terminal sternite of abdomen with moderately deep transverse sulcus. <i>Legs</i>: Legs covered with irregular reticulation. Protibia with three spines, the third one small, not sulcate dorsally, movable spur distinctly arcuate in apical half. <i>Male genitalia</i>: Unknown. <i>Female</i> coxostylus and laterotergite (Fig. 104): Coxostylus moderately broadened at base, distinctly curved to apex (lateral view), moderately widened in apical half (ventral view), dorsally with nine long and slender and one elongated and robust nematiform setae in basal two thirds, ventrally with numerous smaller setae, with one minute SSOs. Laterotergite with five long setae basally and one isolated seta towards coxostylus. VARIATION. Unknown. DISTRIBUTION. As locality where the lectotype was collected the unspecific information “Ind. or.” (India orientalis = Indo- Chinese Peninsula) and Tenasserim is given on the labels. According to WOLCOTT &amp; RENNER (2017), Helfer collected in Tenasserim at Lake Inle and in Wongong from August 1836 to January 1840.
description: Published as part of <i>Balkenohl, Michael, 2021, Belgian Journal of Entomology, pp. 1-83 in Belgian Journal of Entomology 115</i> on pages 16-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5645953
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