Allocapnia menawa Grubbs &amp; Sheldon 2008, sp. n.
Creators: name: Grubbs, Scott A.
name: Sheldon, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Capniidae
Allocapnia
Allocapnia menawa

description: <i>Allocapnia menawa</i> sp. n. (Figs. 25-32) <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype &amp;male; and paratype &amp;female;, U.S.A., Alabama, Clay Co., tributary to Cheaha Creek, Talladega National Forest, 19 km N Ashland, 33.4397°N, 085.8387°W, 28 December 2007, S.A. Grubbs (INHS). Additional paratypes: same but 14 &amp;male;, 6 &amp;female; (WKU); same but 4 December 2006, 1 &amp;male;, A.L. Sheldon (WKU). <b>Male.</b> Body length 5.0–6.0 mm. Wings reaching from 5 th to the 7 th abdominal terga. Seventh abdominal terga unmodified. Dorsal process of 8 th terga elevated steeply above the abdominal plane (Fig. 25); process generally flat or weakly convex in lateral view with paired, poorly-developed, subapical setose processes (Figs. 26–28); process rugose, outer aspect broadly ushaped, inner aspect v-shaped, process lobes separated by shallow emargination anteriormedially (Fig. 27–28). Apical limb of epiproct upper limb subequal in length of basal limb (Fig. 25), markedly enlarged in distal half with slight subterminal emargination (Fig. 29), expanded slightly medially in dorsal view, tip broadly rounded (Figs. 30–31). <b>Female.</b> Body length 6.0–7.0 mm. Wings reaching 8 th terga to beyond tip of abdomen. Eighth abdominal sterna darkly sclerotized medially, only slightly sclerotized laterally, terminating in saginate projection posteriorly; separated from 7 th sterna by membrane (Fig. 32). <b>Etymology.</b> The species name, used as a noun in apposition, honors Menawa of the Upper Creek Native Americans. Menawa was a Creek leader who was instrumental in opposing encroachment on Creek lands. The common name, Menawa snowfly, is proposed for this species (Stark et al. 1998). <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Allocapnia menawa</i> is a member of the <i>A</i>. <i>granulata</i> group (Ross &amp; Ricker 1971), which is currently comprised of seven species. Five species in particular, <i>A</i>. <i>frisoni</i> Ross &amp; Ricker, <i>A</i>. <i>granulata</i> (Claassen), <i>A</i>. <i>peltoides</i> Ross &amp; Ricker, <i>A</i>. <i>unzickeri</i> Ross &amp; Yamamoto and <i>A</i>. <i>warreni</i> Ross &amp; Yamamoto, possess the subapical paired setose processes exhibited by <i>A</i>. <i>menawa</i>. The remaining two species in this group, <i>A</i>. <i>fumosa</i> Ross and <i>A</i>. <i>simmonsi</i> Kondratieff &amp; Voshell, lack setose processes. <i>Allocapnia menawa</i> most closely resembles <i>A</i>. <i>granulata</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>unzickeri</i>, and <i>A</i>. <i>warreni</i>. The epiproct apical limb to basal limb ratio of 1X exhibited by <i>A. menawa</i> (Fig. 25) is readily distinguished from <i>A</i>. <i>unzickeri</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>warreni</i>. Both <i>A</i>. <i>unzickeri</i> (Fig. 33) and <i>A</i>. <i>warreni</i> (Ross &amp; Ricker 1971, Fig. 23) possess an epiproct apical limb that is noticeably longer than the basal limb and have slim profiles in lateral aspect. Although the epiproct of <i>A</i>. <i>granulata</i> varies considerably across its broad range (Ross &amp; Yamamoto 1967), the combination of the heavily enlarged epiproct apical limb and the dorsal process of the 8 th abdominal terga can differentiate <i>A</i>. <i>menawa</i>. The moderately enlarged apical limb of <i>A</i>. <i>granulata</i> depictedherefromsouthernKentucky (Fig. 34) and western Pennsylvania (Fig. 35) are typical of the central and northern populations with eastern genitalia described by Ross &amp; Yamamoto (1967) yet not to the extent of <i>A</i>. <i>menawa</i> (Figs. 25, 29). The rugose dorsal process of <i>A. granulata</i> bears lobes that vary in length but are well separated apically (Figs. 37–38). In contrast, the dorsal process lobes of <i>A</i>. <i>menawa</i> are nearly convergent anteriomedially and appear triangular posteriorly (Fig. 28). The lobes of <i>A</i>. <i>granulata</i> are broadly rounded posteriorly. The females of <i>A</i>. <i>menawa</i> (Fig. 32) and <i>A</i>. <i>granulata</i> (Fig. 40) are very similar, and species recognition requires associated males. The female of <i>A</i>. <i>unzickeri</i> is easily distinguished from <i>A</i>. <i>menawa</i> since the 8 th abdominal sterna of the former species is either broadly truncate (Fig. 39) or slightly concave. The female of <i>A</i>. <i>warreni</i> is unknown. The geographic range of <i>A</i>. <i>menawa</i> is allopatric with <i>A</i>. <i>granulata</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>unzickeri</i>, and <i>A</i>. <i>warreni</i>. <i>Allocapnia granulata</i> has a broad geographical range in the eastern Nearctic region, recorded from Oklahoma north to Minnesota and Quebec and south to Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia (Ross &amp; Ricker 1971; Poulton &amp; Stewart 1991; Kondratieff &amp; Baumann 2000; Nations et al. 2007). <i>Allocapnia granulata</i> has also been collected from large streams flanking the Appalachian Mountains, yet does not extend to smaller, upland streams of the Talladega National Forest area. James (1972; Fig. 118) recorded this species only from two northeastern Alabama counties. <i>Allocapnia unzickeri</i> is distributed mainly within the Cumberland Plateau region in southern Tennessee and <i>A</i>. <i>warreni</i> is known only from northwestern Arkansas (Poulton &amp; Stewart, 1991). <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Allocapnia menawa</i> has been collected only from the type locality, but is likely to be found from additional upland stream habitats in the Talladega National Forest area. <i>Allocapnia aurora</i>, <i>A. muskogee</i> n. sp., and <i>A</i>. <i>recta</i> were the only other stonefly species obtained with <i>A. menawa</i>.
description: Published as part of <i>Grubbs, Scott A. &amp; Sheldon, Andrew L., 2008, Allocapnia Muskogee And A. Menawa, New Species Of Snowflies (Plecoptera: Capniidae) From The Talladega National Forest Region Of Eastern Alabama, U. S. A., Plus Four New State Records, pp. 99-109 in Illiesia 4 (11)</i> on pages 104-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4758774
description: {"references": ["Stark, B. P., K. W. Stewart, S. W. Szczytko, &amp; R. W. Baumann. 1998. Common names of stoneflies (Plecoptera) from the United States and Canada. Ohio Biological Survey Notes, 1: 1 - 18.", "Ross, H. H. &amp; W. E. Ricker. 1971. The classification, evolution, and dispersal of the winter stonefly genus Allocapnia. Illinois Biological Monographs, 45: 1 - 166.", "Ross, H. H. &amp; T. Yamamoto. 1967. Variations in the winter stonefly Allocapnia granulata as indicators of Pleistocene faunal movements. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 60: 447 - 458.", "Poulton, B. P. &amp; K. W. Stewart. 1991. Stoneflies of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains (Plecoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 13: 1 - 116.", "Kondratieff, B. C. &amp; R. W. Baumann. (coordinators) 2000. Stoneflies of the United States. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online. HTML address, http: // www. npwrc. usgs. gov / resource / distr / insects / sfly / index. htm (Version 12 DEC 2003). Accessed March 2008.", "Nations, T. M., B. P. Stark, &amp; M. B. Hicks. 2007. The winter stoneflies of Mississippi. Illiesia, 3: 70 - 94.", "James, A. M. 1972. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Alabama. Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, Auburn University. 169 pp."]}