cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the dwarf galaxies rotation curves diversity problem
Creators: name: Del Popolo, Antonino
name: Delliou, Morgan Le
name: Lee, Xiguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we show how baryonic physics can solve the problem of the striking diversity in dwarf galaxies rotation curves shapes. To this aim, we compare the distribution of galaxies of the SPARC sample, in the plane $V_{\rm 2 kpc}$-$V_{\rm Rlast }$ (being $V_{\rm 2kpc}$ the galaxy rotation velocity at $2$ kpc, and $V_{\rm Rlast}$ that outermost one) with that of galaxies that we simulated taking account of baryonic effects. The scatter in the rotation curves in the $V_{\rm 2 kpc}$-$V_{\rm Rlast }$ plane, and the trend of the SPARC sample's, and our simulated galaxies', distribution is in good agreement. The solution of the "diversity" problem lies in the ability of baryonic process to produce non self-similar haloes, contrary to DM-only simulations. We show also that baryonic effects can reproduce the rotation curves of galaxies like IC2574 characterized by a slow rising with radius. A solution to the diversity problem can be obtained taking appropriately into account the baryon physics effects.
description: 12pp 2 figs, published in Galaxies
Additional file 1 of Urate-lowering therapy for gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia in the pediatric population: a cross-sectional study of a Japanese health insurance database
Creators: name: Honda, Masataka
name: Horiuchi, Hideki
name: Torii, Tomoko
name: Nakajima, Akihiro
name: Iijima, Takeshi
name: Murano, Hiroshi
name: Yamanaka, Hisashi
name: Ito, Shuichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1 List of definitions.
Potential income gains for rural households in North Eastern Thailand through trade with organic products
Creators: name: Morawetz, Ulrich B.
name: Wongprawmas, Rungsaran
name: Haas, Rainer
name: Morawetz, Ulrich B.
name: Wongprawmas, Rungsaran
name: Haas, Rainer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: organic agriculture
subject: Thailand
subject: household income

description: The study groups households in North Eastern Thailand according their income and grade of specialisation in crop production to derive representative household types. For these household types a linear optimization model is run to calculate net incomes under four scenarios. These are certified organic farming, organic farming in the initial and transitional phase and a self-sufficient farming. Simulations for the different management scenarios show that per ha cash profits are about double under certification while they can only be increased by 30 percent under self-sufficient farming, even under favourable assumptions. But transition costs to organic farming are high due to reduced yields at the beginning. According to the figures and model used, only under certified organic production it pays to hire non household workers. Labour hence is a major limiting factor.
GW190521 as a merger of Proca stars: a potential new vector boson of $8.7 \times 10^{-13}$ eV
Creators: name: Bustillo, Juan Calderón
name: Sanchis-Gual, Nicolas
name: Torres-Forné, Alejandro
name: Font, José A.
name: Vajpeyi, Avi
name: Smith, Rory
name: Herdeiro, Carlos
name: Radu, Eugen
name: Leong, Samson H. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced LIGO-Virgo reported a short gravitational-wave signal (GW190521) interpreted as a quasi-circular merger of black holes, one populating the pair-instability supernova gap, forming a remnant black hole of $M_f\sim 142 M_\odot$ at a luminosity distance of $d_L \sim 5.3$ Gpc. With barely visible pre-merger emission, however, GW190521 merits further investigation of the pre-merger dynamics and even of the very nature of the colliding objects. We show that GW190521 is consistent with numerically simulated signals from head-on collisions of two (equal mass and spin) horizonless vector boson stars (aka Proca stars), forming a final black hole with $M_f = 231^{+13}_{-17}\,M_\odot$, located at a distance of $d_L = 571^{+348}_{-181}$ Mpc. The favoured mass for the ultra-light vector boson constituent of the Proca stars is $μ_{\rm V}= 8.72^{+0.73}_{-0.82}\times10^{-13}$ eV. This provides the first demonstration of close degeneracy between these two theoretical models, for a real gravitational-wave event. Confirmation of the Proca star interpretation, which we find statistically slightly preferred, would provide the first evidence for a long sought dark matter particle.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, Version Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.Lett, including Supplementary Material
Hypernuclear Physics for Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Schaffner-Bielich, Jurgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of hypernuclear physics for the physics of neutron stars is delineated. Hypernuclear potentials in dense matter control the hyperon composition of dense neutron star matter. The three-body interactions of nucleons and hyperons determine the stiffness of the neutron star equation of state and thereby the maximum neutron star mass. Two-body hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions give rise to hyperon pairing which exponentially suppresses cooling of neutron stars via the direct hyperon URCA processes. Non-mesonic weak reactions with hyperons in dense neutron star matter govern the gravitational wave emissions due to the r-mode instability of rotating neutron stars.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, updated and extended version of astro-ph/0703113, accepted for publication in a special issue of Nuclear Physics A `Recent Advances in Strangeness Nuclear Physics'
The feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of the multimodal, community-based LoveYourBrain Retreat program for people with traumatic brain injury and caregivers
Creators: name: Donnelly, Kyla Z.
name: Nelson, Jenna
name: Zeller, Shilo
name: Davey, Amber
name: Davis, Drew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of the LoveYourBrain Retreat program using a pre-post, retrospective, concurrent triangulation mixed methods study. A 5-day, multimodal, residential Retreat intervention was designed to improve quality of life among traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors and caregivers through mindfulness, movement, nutrition, art, and community-building. Eligibility included being a TBI survivor (>2 years post-injury) or caregiver, 18+ years old, independently mobile, able to communicate verbally, and a first-time participant. Self-reported quantitative and qualitative data were collected via electronic surveys pre- and post-retreat, analyzed separately, then combined. Paired t-tests assessed mean differences in scores on Quality of Life After Brain Injury Overall scale (QOLIBRI-OS) and NIH TBI/Neuro-QOL Resilience, Cognition, Positive Affect/Wellbeing, and Emotional/Behavioral Dysregulation scales. We assessed feasibility using sample characteristics and program frequency and retention, and acceptability using quality ratings. Content analysis explored perceived benefits and improvements. 68 People—53 with TBI and 15 caregivers—participated in one of three LoveYourBrain Retreats. Significant improvements were found in QOLIBRI-OS (6.91, 95%CI 1.88–11.94), Resilience (2.14, 95%CI 0.50–3.78), Cognition (2.81, 95%CI 0.79–4.83), and Emotional/Behavioral Dysregulation (2.84, 95%CI 0.14–5.54) among TBI survivors (n = 41). Mean satisfaction was 9.6/10 (SD = 0.64). Content analysis revealed community connection, reframing TBI experience, self-regulation, and self-care themes. The LoveYourBrain Retreat is feasible, acceptable, and may be effective complementary rehabilitation to improve QOL among TBI survivors. Ongoing, holistic rehabilitation services are critical to quality of life for people with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI).Residential retreats are a type of holistic, multimodal, community-based rehabilitation.LoveYourBrain Retreats improved quality of life, resilience, cognition, and emotional dysregulation among people with TBI.The integration of community connection, reframing TBI experience, self-regulation, and self-care may support adjustment to TBI. Ongoing, holistic rehabilitation services are critical to quality of life for people with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). Residential retreats are a type of holistic, multimodal, community-based rehabilitation. LoveYourBrain Retreats improved quality of life, resilience, cognition, and emotional dysregulation among people with TBI. The integration of community connection, reframing TBI experience, self-regulation, and self-care may support adjustment to TBI.
Effectiveness of European Appellations of Origin on the International wine market
Creators: name: Malorgio, Giulio
name: Camanzi, Luca
name: Grazia, Cristina
name: Malorgio, Giulio
name: Camanzi, Luca
name: Grazia, Cristina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Appellations of Origin
subject: Consumer Information
subject: Intellectual Property Right protection
subject: International Trade Agreements
subject: Wine market.

description: The objective of this paper is to evaluate the role of the Appellation of Origin system on the international wine market, given i) the Geographic Indications international legal protection system, ii) the main aspects of world wine demand evolution and iii) the strategic choices of firms on the international market. On the demand side, we show through descriptive statistics and economic literature review, the increasing wine consumers' appreciation of reputation and origin attributes. On the supply side, we identify the main quality strategies implemented on the international wine market and show an increasing role of origin in firms' strategic choices worldwide. Finally, a direct survey on Italian Appellations of Origin concerning the AO registration on the international market shows an increasing risk of an imperfect use of geographical place names. The main consequences are identified for both producers and consumers. Firstly, a misperception of products' quality attributes can arise and menace the effectiveness of AO as informative tool. Secondly, the free riding phenomenon may arise and affect the AO collective reputation with a consequently long term demand drop. A public authority intervention is envisaged in order to reduce market distortions related to an imperfect use of geographical place names.
Additional file 1 of How frail is frail? A systematic scoping review and synthesis of high impact studies
Creators: name: Gordon, E. H.
name: Reid, N.
name: Khetani, I. S.
name: Hubbard, R. E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Interplay between superconducting fluctuations and weak localization in disordered TiN thin films
Creators: name: Yadav, Sachin
name: Gajar, Bikash
name: Aloysius, R. P.
name: Sahoo, Sangeeta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between superconducting fluctuations (SFs) and weak localization (WL) has been probed by temperature dependent resistance [R(T)] and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements in two-dimensional disordered superconducting TiN thin films. Within a narrow band of temperature above the transition temperature Tc, the coexistence of SFs-mediated positive MR and WL-led negative MR in different range of magnetic field, as well as a crossover from positive to negative MR with increasing temperature are reported here. The crossover temperature coincides with a characteristic temperature (Tmax) at which a resistance peak appears in the zero-field R(T). The resistance peak and the associated magnetoresistance anomalies are addressed by using the quantum corrections to the conductivity (QCC) theory. We show that WL can be accounted for the observed negative MR. By introducing individual coefficients to both SFs and WL contributions, the dominance of one over the other is monitored with respect to temperature. It is observed that just above the Tc, SF dominates and with increasing temperature, the contributions from the both become comparable and finally, at Tmax, WL takes over completely. The presented approach may be adopted to compare various quantum contributions in two-dimensional superconductors particularly in the regime where both SFs and WL are pronounced.
description: 5 figures and 34 pages in the main manuscript
Interference effects induced by a precessing easy-plane magnet coupled to a helical edge state
Creators: name: Madsen, Kevin A.
name: Brouwer, Piet W.
name: Recher, Patrik
name: Silvestrov, Peter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of a magnetic insulator with the helical electronic edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator has been shown to lead to many interesting phenomena. One of these is that for a suitable orientation of the magnetic anisotropy axis, the exchange coupling to an easy-plane magnet has no effect on DC electrical transport through a helical edge, despite the fact that it opens a gap in the spectrum of the helical edge [Meng {\em et al.}, Phys.\ Rev.\ B {\bf 90}, 205403 (2014)]. Here, we theoretically consider such a magnet embedded in an interferometer, consisting of a pair of helical edge states connected by two tunneling contacts, at which electrons can tunnel between the two edges. Using a scattering matrix approach, we show that the presence of the magnet in one of the interferometer arms gives rise to AC currents in response to an applied DC voltage. On the other hand, the DC Aharonov-Bohm effect is absent at zero temperature and small DC voltages, and only appears if the applied voltage or the temperature exceeds the magnet-induced excitation gap.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Killing symmetries of generalized Minkowski spaces. 3-Space-time translations in four dimensions
Creators: name: Cardone, Fabio
name: Marrani, Alessio
name: Mignani, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we continue the study of the Killing symmetries of a N-dimensional generalized Minkowski space, i.e. a space endowed with a (in general non-diagonal) metric tensor, whose coefficients do depend on a set of non-metrical coodinates. We discuss here the translations in such spaces, by confining ourselves (without loss of generality) to the four-dimensional case. In particular, the results obtained are specialized to the case of a ''deformed'' Minkowski space $\widetilde{M_{4}}$ (i.e. a pseudoeuclidean space with metric coefficients depending on energy).
description: 31 pages. Slightly improved version with respect to the published one (some misprints corrected, Ref.s added, Eq.s revised, comments made)
A generalized precession parameter $χ_\mathrm{p}$ to interpret gravitational-wave data
Creators: name: Gerosa, Davide
name: Mould, Matthew
name: Gangardt, Daria
name: Schmidt, Patricia
name: Pratten, Geraint
name: Thomas, Lucy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Originally designed for waveform approximants, the effective precession parameter $χ_\mathrm{p}$ is the most commonly used quantity to characterize spin-precession effects in gravitational-wave observations of black-hole binary coalescences. We point out that the current definition of $χ_\mathrm{p}$ retains some, but not all, variations taking place on the precession timescale. We rectify this inconsistency and propose more general definitions that either fully consider or fully average those oscillations. Our generalized parameter $χ_\mathrm{p}\in[0,2]$ presents an exclusive region $χ_\mathrm{p}>1$ that can only be populated by binaries with two precessing spins. We apply our prescriptions to current LIGO/Virgo events and find that posterior distributions of $χ_\mathrm{p}$ tend to show longer tails at larger values. This appears to be a generic feature, implying that (i) current $χ_\mathrm{p}$ measurement errors might be underestimated, but also that (ii) evidence for spin precession in current data might be stronger than previously inferred. Among the gravitational-wave events released to date, that which shows the most striking behavior is GW190521.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Published in PRD. Software available at https://github.com/dgerosa/generalizedchip
A Principal-Agent Model for Investigating Traceability Systems Incentives on Food Safety
Creators: name: Resende Filho, Moises De Andrade
name: Resende Filho, Moises De Andrade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Information Asymmetry
subject: Identity Preservation
subject: Food Traceability
subject: Supply Chain Management.

description: This article investigates the effects of contingent payments and a traceability system's expected traceback rate of success on the food safety effort exerted by raw material suppliers. This sheds light on when contingent payments and the reliability of a traceability system are substitutes and complements to each other in terms of inducing raw material suppliers to exert higher food safety effort. In addition, the effect of higher penalties and costs of food safety crisis on the effort to be induced by buyers (principal) on suppliers (agents) is investigated under a symmetric information setting. Finally, the asymmetric information setting is formalized as a principal-agent model and left to be explored in a future work. Some numerical exercises are carried out to illustrate main findings. It has been found that more reliable traceability systems might induce higher food safety efforts by suppliers. However, this same effect could be accomplished either with higher payments whenever no food safety crisis occurs or with lower payments whenever a food safety crisis occur both assuming the traceability system works. Finally, it is shown that without a traceability system in place no incentive scheme could be implemented.
Additional file 1 of Effect of comorbidities and risk conditions on death from COVID-19 in migrants in Mexico
Creators: name: Martínez-Martínez, Oscar A.
name: Valenzuela-Moreno, Karla A.
name: Coutiño, Brenda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Table.4 People with COVID-19.
Learning to plan for integrated water resources management in British Columbia
Creators: name: Creighton, Sheila Carolyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Integrated water resources management (IWRM) is a holistic, inclusive mode of decision making that has developed in response to the increasing complexity, uncertainty and conflict that characterize one of British Columbia's primary and most valuable natural resources. It is a management tool that recognizes the interrelatedness of resource uses with each other and within the broader social and economic systems which influence the state and use of water resources. To date, success with IWRM in B.C. has been limited. Many of the opportunities to plan for IWRM in B.C are made available through a wide range of multi-stakeholder land use planning processes. This research evaluates planning for integrated water resources management in British Columbia's Land and Resource Management Planning (LRMP) processes from a social learning perspective. Drawing from the principles of systems theory, it is argued that learning represents a fundamental form of feedback in sustainable water resource management. Through a series of six LRMP case studies, the evaluation addresses the acquisition of new knowledge relating to water resources gained by MELP's Water Management Program through their involvement LRMPs, and the dissemination and utilization of this new knowledge in subsequent planning efforts. The research results provide insight into the organizational learning culture within which integrated water resources management is developing and detail specific lessons gained through LRMP experiences. Drawing from the insights of those individuals who participated in this study, it is evident that learning within Water Management occurs through the incremental adjustments of decisions and actions. While the organization is adept at acquiring new knowledge, this study reveals that it is weak in disseminating that knowledge. This weakness limits its overall learning potential. Recommendations are directed towards expanding the learning potential and capacity of Water Management specifically in the areas of knowledge dissemination and utilization, thereby leading to greater future success with IWRM. Further recommendations are also directed towards the various agencies and organizations who collectively enable and are responsible for delivering effective IWRM in B.C.
3D-DEEP: 3-Dimensional Deep-learning based on elevation patterns forroad scene interpretation
Creators: name: Hernández, A.
name: Woo, S.
name: Corrales, H.
name: Parra, I.
name: Kim, E.
name: Llorca, D. F.
name: Sotelo, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Road detection and segmentation is a crucial task in computer vision for safe autonomous driving. With this in mind, a new net architecture (3D-DEEP) and its end-to-end training methodology for CNN-based semantic segmentation are described along this paper for. The method relies on disparity filtered and LiDAR projected images for three-dimensional information and image feature extraction through fully convolutional networks architectures. The developed models were trained and validated over Cityscapes dataset using just fine annotation examples with 19 different training classes, and over KITTI road dataset. 72.32% mean intersection over union(mIoU) has been obtained for the 19 Cityscapes training classes using the validation images. On the other hand, over KITTIdataset the model has achieved an F1 error value of 97.85% invalidation and 96.02% using the test images.
description: "This work has been accepted for publication at IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium 2020"
Superconducting quantum interference phenomenon in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ single crystals
Creators: name: Sandberg, M.
name: Krasnov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The operational dc-SQUID based on intrinsic Josephson junctions in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu2O$_{8+δ}$ high-$T_c$ superconductor is fabricated and studied. The novel in-plane loop layout and the developed in-situ endpoint detection method allowed an accurate control of the number of junctions in the SQUID. A clear periodic modulation of the superconducting current as a function of magnetic flux through the SQUID loop is observed. This is an unambiguous evidence for the quantum interference phenomenon in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu2O$_{8+δ}$ single crystals.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Phonetic elicitation: Consonant inventory, acceptable onsets
Creators: name: Calmo Jerónimo, Brenda
name: Pablo, Rudy
name: Schwarz, Martha
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: mvj

description: Basic vocabulary items, conjugated verbs, and possessives, aimed at determining phonemic consonant contrasts and acceptable onset clusters
Existence of the zero range process and a deposition model with superlinear growth rates
Creators: name: Balázs, M.
name: Rassoul-Agha, F.
name: Seppäläinen, T.
name: Sethuraman, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35 (Primary) 82C41 (Secondary)

description: We give a construction of the zero range and bricklayers' processes in the totally asymmetric, attractive case. The novelty is that we allow jump rates to grow exponentially. Earlier constructions have permitted at most linearly growing rates. We also show the invariance and extremality of a natural family of i.i.d. product measures indexed by particle density. Extremality is proved with an approach that is simpler than existing ergodicity proofs.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000971 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Bullismo e omofobia, non solo a scuola
Creators: name: Batini, Federico
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di ferrara
Year: 2013

description: Abstract – Il contributo affronta il tema dell’omofobia. Le rilevazioni più recenti dimostrano l’alto livello di omofobia e di effettivo e potenziale bullismo omofobico negli adolescenti, anche in relazione alla mancanza di confronto e educazione nei contesti della scuola e dell’extrascuola. I dati comparativi offerti da ricerche condotte recentemente offrono un quadro desolante e invitano, in tal senso, a una riflessione che deve, necessariamente, coinvolgere non soltanto alunni e insegnanti ma l’intera società caratterizzandosi come problema lifelong.

Abstract – The contribution deals with the issue of homophobia through the most recent surveys which demonstrate the high level of homophobia and potential homophobic bullying of actual adolescents, even in relation to the lack of discussion and education in and outside the contexts of the school . The comparative data provided by the research recently conducted provide a bleak picture and invite, in this sense, to a reflection that must necessarily involve not only students and teachers but the whole society as a lifelong learning problem.
description: Annali online della Didattica e della Formazione Docente, Vol 5, N° 5 (2013): Scuola e Lifelong Learning. Interazioni multiple nella continuità/discontinuità educativa
Experiences of people with non-traumatic spinal cord injuries returning home after inpatient rehabilitation
Creators: name: Moran, Kathryn
name: Barclay, Linda
name: Lannin, Natasha A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: The aim of this study was to explore the experience of people with non-traumatic spinal cord injuries who have recently returned home from inpatient rehabilitation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven adults with non-traumatic spinal cord injuries who had been discharged from inpatient rehabilitation from an Australian rehabilitation hospital, within the last two years. Three themes were identified: the practicalities of coming home; adjusting to "my altered home life"; pursuing recovery. When people felt prepared by their rehabilitation service, and had appropriate support from others, they had a more positive adjustment experience, although not one without challenges. Due to less independence and inability to participate in meaningful life roles, participants experienced a sense of lost or changed identity. Maintaining hope for physical recovery was very important and motivated participants to actively engage in rehabilitation efforts. This study adds to the knowledge regarding the lived experience of people with non-traumatic spinal cord injury transitioning from rehabilitation to home. Facilitators for successful rehabilitation discharge included ensuring community services contacted patients immediately after they left hospital, and providing support for carers. Health care workers can positively influence the adjustment process of people with NTSCI by facilitating re-engagement in meaningful roles.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe transition home from inpatient rehabilitation after non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is facilitated by early discharge planning and follow-up from services after discharge.Establishing routines helped participants adjust to their new circumstances.The emotional and practical support of carers is vital for successful adjustment to living in the community with an NTSCI.Health care workers can positively influence the adjustment process of people with NTSCI by facilitating their re-engagement in meaningful roles. The transition home from inpatient rehabilitation after non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is facilitated by early discharge planning and follow-up from services after discharge. Establishing routines helped participants adjust to their new circumstances. The emotional and practical support of carers is vital for successful adjustment to living in the community with an NTSCI. Health care workers can positively influence the adjustment process of people with NTSCI by facilitating their re-engagement in meaningful roles.
Food Safety in Agricultural International Trade: The Spanish experience in Mediterranean products
Creators: name: Briz, Julian
name: De Felipe, Isabel
name: Garca, Marian
name: Briz, Julian
name: De Felipe, Isabel
name: Garca, Marian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: international trade
subject: food safety
subject: benchmarking
subject: Spanish export supply chain
subject: traceability

description: Food international trade between developed and developing countries is increasing as a consequence of the worldwide liberalization movement. Tariffs and technical barriers are decreasing and many exporters in developing countries are ready to supply to developed markets. However there are non-tariff barriers, some of them related to food safety. The goal of this paper is to analyse how some food safety and quality control measures may be overcome by Less Developed Countries following some indications, such as a benchmarking analysis. The identification of "best practice" in operating firms may be useful to others. We describe the evolution of international trade, the situation at destination and origin markets through the international channel. It is important to identify the role of food safety and traceability in food international relations. A case study is mentioned with the analysis of the fresh food export supply in Spain.
Lifelong learning e Università. Saperi taciti e nuove transizioni in età adulta
Creators: name: Di Rienzo, Paolo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di ferrara
Year: 2013

description: Abstract – The article presents the central role that lifelong learning assumes as a cultural perspective for the educational and organizational system of the university. Lifelong learning is conceived, according to the holistic vision, as a resource for personal and social growth, embedded with an intrinsic value in itself. This way universities, with a third innovative mission, can play an active role in the growth processes of the society; become more dynamic and inclusive organisms, capable of promoting a larger access through the recognition and validation of non formal and informal learning.

Abstract – L’articolo sviluppa il tema relativo al ruolo centrale che il lifelong learning assume come prospettiva culturale per il sistema formativo e organizzativo dell'università. Il lifelong learning è inteso, in accordo con la concezione olistica, come una risorsa per la crescita individuale e sociale, caratterizzato da un valore intrinseco. In questo senso, le università, con la innovativa terza missione, possono assumere un ruolo attivo nei processi di sviluppo della società; divenire organismi più dinamici e inclusivi, in grado di promuovere un più ampio accesso, attraverso il riconoscimento e la convalida dell'apprendimento non formale e informale.
description: Annali online della Didattica e della Formazione Docente, Vol 5, N° 5 (2013): Scuola e Lifelong Learning. Interazioni multiple nella continuità/discontinuità educativa
Recensioni
Creators: name: Brambilla, Lisa
name: Casaroli, Ramona
name: Farina, Silvia
name: Gadioli De Oliveira, Jocilene
name: Ingegneri, Anna
name: Oggionni, Francesca
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di ferrara
Year: 2013

description: Annali online della Didattica e della Formazione Docente, Vol 5, N° 5 (2013): Scuola e Lifelong Learning. Interazioni multiple nella continuità/discontinuità educativa
The Evolution and Structure of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
Creators: name: Gaensler, Bryan M.
name: Slane, Patrick O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsars steadily dissipate their rotational energy via relativistic winds. Confinement of these outflows generates luminous pulsar wind nebulae, seen across the electromagnetic spectrum in synchrotron and inverse Compton emission, and in optical emission lines when they shock the surrounding medium. These sources act as important probes of relativistic shocks, particle acceleration and of interstellar gas. We review the many recent advances in the study of pulsar wind nebulae, with particular focus on the evolutionary stages through which these objects progress as they expand into their surroundings, and on morphological structures within these nebulae which directly trace the physical processes of particle acceleration and outflow. We conclude by considering some exciting new probes of pulsar wind nebulae, including the study of TeV gamma-ray emission from these sources, and observations of pulsar winds in close binary systems.
description: 34 pages, including 7 color figures. To appear in volume 44 of Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics (2006). Version with higher resolution images available at http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~bmg/papers/AA44_Gaensler.pdf
Loophole-free plug-and-play quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Qi, Ruoyang
name: Zhang, Haoran
name: Gao, Jiancun
name: Yin, Liuguo
name: Long, Gui-Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robust, simple, and flexible quantum key distribution (QKD) is vital for realising practical applications of this technique. Contrary to typical phase-coded QKD schemes, the plug-and-play QKD design requires only one arm-length-insensitive interferometer without active feedback, in which the noise is automatically compensated by the two-way structure. However, there are certain possible loopholes in the typical plug-and-play designs, which require consideration and strict monitoring. This study proposes a loophole-free plug-and-play QKD scheme with two-way protocol and presents an experimental demonstration of said scheme. The security is analysed under a collective attack scenario assisted by the decoy state method. The scheme was implemented in a 50.4 km commercial fibre without active feedback. The system showed highly robust performance with an ultra-low error rate and maintained an ultra-high visibility of 0.9947+/-0.0002 through significant environmental changes over 24 hours.
A scoping review on nutritional intake and nutritional status in people with a major dysvascular lower limb amputation
Creators: name: Kolen, Aniek M.
name: Dijkstra, Pieter U.
name: Dekker, Rienk
name: de Vries, Jean-Paul P.M.
name: Geertzen, Jan H.B.
name: Jager-Wittenaar, Harriët
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: To systematically review literature on nutritional intake, nutritional status and nutritional interventions, and to study their association with short- and long-term clinical outcomes in people with a major dysvascular lower limb amputation. PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library were searched. Studies were included if nutritional intake, nutritional status, or nutritional interventions in people with a major dysvascular lower limb amputation were analyzed. Of the 3038 unique papers identified, 30 studies were included. Methodological quality was moderate (1 study) or weak (29 studies). Limited information was available on nutritional intake (2 studies) and nutritional interventions (1 study). Nutritional intake and nutritional status were assessed by diverse methods. The percentage of people with a poor nutritional status ranged from 1% to 100%. In some studies, measures of poor nutritional status were associated with adverse short- and long-term clinical outcomes. The percentage of people with a poor nutritional status is inconclusive in the major dysvascular lower limb amputation population, because of the heterogeneity of the assessment methods used. Some included studies reported a negative association between poor nutritional status and clinical outcomes. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, because of the limited quality of the studies available. Studies high in methodological quality and high in hierarchy of evidence are needed.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe proportion of people with a poor nutritional status in the major dysvascular lower limb amputation population is inconclusive.Poor nutritional status seems to affect clinical outcomes negatively.More uniformity in assessment of malnutrition in the major dysvascular lower limb amputation population is needed. The proportion of people with a poor nutritional status in the major dysvascular lower limb amputation population is inconclusive. Poor nutritional status seems to affect clinical outcomes negatively. More uniformity in assessment of malnutrition in the major dysvascular lower limb amputation population is needed.
Organic Consumers: A Demographic Portrayal of Organic Vegetable Consumption within the United States
Creators: name: Dettmann, Rachael L.
name: Dimitri, Carolyn
name: Dettmann, Rachael L.
name: Dimitri, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The organic market sector is one of the fastest growing food sectors in the United States with growth rates in organic food sales averaging 18% per year between 1998 and 2005. The largest segment within the organic market is fresh produce, comprising 36% of retail sales in 2005. To date, no published studies utilize consumer purchase information to understand which demographic factors influence the purchase of organic vegetables. This analysis focuses on aggregate vegetable purchases, along with the top three organic vegetables procured by consumers in the 2004 AC Nielsen Homescan panel dataset: pre-packaged salads, carrots, and spinach. We approach our research questions in two phases. First, the probability a consumer purchases organic vegetables is estimated in a logistic model framework. Second, a Heckman two-stage model is utilized to depict the relationship of organic vegetable expenditures as a ratio of total household vegetable expenditures. Throughout both rounds of analysis, race, education level and household income consistently influence the odds of purchasing organic vegetables.
Reinforcement Learning for Test Case Prioritization
Creators: name: Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba
name: Kahani, Nafiseh
name: Briand, Lionel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Continuous Integration (CI) significantly reduces integration problems, speeds up development time, and shortens release time. However, it also introduces new challenges for quality assurance activities, including regression testing, which is the focus of this work. Though various approaches for test case prioritization have shown to be very promising in the context of regression testing, specific techniques must be designed to deal with the dynamic nature and timing constraints of CI. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential in various challenging scenarios that require continuous adaptation, such as game playing, real-time ads bidding, and recommender systems. Inspired by this line of work and building on initial efforts in supporting test case prioritization with RL techniques, we perform here a comprehensive investigation of RL-based test case prioritization in a CI context. To this end, taking test case prioritization as a ranking problem, we model the sequential interactions between the CI environment and a test case prioritization agent as an RL problem, using three alternative ranking models. We then rely on carefully selected and tailored state-of-the-art RL techniques to automatically and continuously learn a test case prioritization strategy, whose objective is to be as close as possible to the optimal one. Our extensive experimental analysis shows that the best RL solutions provide a significant accuracy improvement over previous RL-based work, with prioritization strategies getting close to being optimal, thus paving the way for using RL to prioritize test cases in a CI context.
Cosmological gravitomagnetism and Mach's principle
Creators: name: Schmid, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin axes of gyroscopes experimentally define local non-rotating frames. But what physical cause governs the time-evolution of gyroscope axes? We consider linear perturbations of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies with k=0. We ask: Will cosmological vorticity perturbations exactly drag the spin axes of gyroscopes relative to the directions of geodesics to quasars in the asymptotic unperturbed FRW space? Using Cartan's formalism with local orthonormal bases we cast the laws of linear cosmological gravitomagnetism into a form showing the close correspondence with the laws of ordinary magnetism. Our results, valid for any equation of state for cosmological matter, are: 1) The dragging of a gyroscope axis by rotational perturbations of matter beyond the Hubble-dot radius from the gyroscope is exponentially suppressed, where dot is the derivative with respect to cosmic time. 2) If the perturbation of matter is a homogeneous rotation inside some radius around a gyroscope, then exact dragging of the gyroscope axis by the rotational perturbation is reached exponentially fast as the rotation radius grows beyond the H-dot radius. 3) For the most general linear cosmological perturbations the time-evolution of all gyroscope spin axes exactly follow a weighted average of the energy currents of cosmological matter. The weight function is the same as in Ampere's law except that the inverse square law is replaced by the Yukawa force with the Hubble-dot cutoff. Our results demonstrate (in first order perturbation theory for FRW cosmologies with k = 0) the validity of Mach's hypothesis that axes of local non-rotating frames precisely follow an average of the motion of cosmic matter.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure. Comments and references added
Additional file 1 of Ground subsidence and polygon development due to thermokarst in the Lena-Aldan interfluve, eastern Siberia, revealed by satellite remote sensing data
Creators: name: Abe, Takahiro
name: Iijima, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1: Interferometric pairs used for InSAR time-series analysis; Figure S2: Examples of polygonal texture at each town; Figure S3: Examples of well-developed and less-developed polygonal texture; Figure S4: Examples of one-dimensional normalized amplitude spectrum and the fitted exponential function model of each image shown in Figure S3.
Understanding the Effect of Out-of-distribution Examples and Interactive Explanations on Human-AI Decision Making
Creators: name: Liu, Han
name: Lai, Vivian
name: Tan, Chenhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although AI holds promise for improving human decision making in societally critical domains, it remains an open question how human-AI teams can reliably outperform AI alone and human alone in challenging prediction tasks (also known as complementary performance). We explore two directions to understand the gaps in achieving complementary performance. First, we argue that the typical experimental setup limits the potential of human-AI teams. To account for lower AI performance out-of-distribution than in-distribution because of distribution shift, we design experiments with different distribution types and investigate human performance for both in-distribution and out-of-distribution examples. Second, we develop novel interfaces to support interactive explanations so that humans can actively engage with AI assistance. Using virtual pilot studies and large-scale randomized experiments across three tasks, we demonstrate a clear difference between in-distribution and out-of-distribution, and observe mixed results for interactive explanations: while interactive explanations improve human perception of AI assistance's usefulness, they may reinforce human biases and lead to limited performance improvement. Overall, our work points out critical challenges and future directions towards enhancing human performance with AI assistance.
description: 45 pages, 24 figures, accepted to CSCW 2021