cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Child pornography in the woodshed
Creators: name: Baker, Roy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This is a deconstruction of "child pornography" through an analysis of media images of child spanking and their relationship with the criminal law and cinema, video and broadcasting regulation in Britain and Canada. It suggests that the law's primary concern is not the protection of children but the elimination of the heresy that children are sexually attractive. Chapter 1 introduces the phenomenon under discussion, namely internet sites that collect stills and clips from mainstream movies and television showing children receiving corporal punishment. The chapter postulates that these sites are for sexual gratification and explores what society understands by "sexual exploitation of children" and "sex" itself. Part I considers whether the web sites are child pornography under English or Canadian criminal law. Chapter 2 looks at Canada's definitions of obscenity and child pornography. Chapter 3 asks whether the images might be indecent according to England's law. These chapters examine the law's understanding of child spanking as a sexual act, exploring what constitutes "sex". While Part I declines to state definitively whether such web sites are illegal, it argues that the movies and television from which the images originate are tolerated for the reasons that give the images sexual appeal. Part II looks at the regulation in Canada and Britain of the movies and television from which the images are taken. Chapter 4 deals with cinema and video regulation, which prohibits eroticising violence and children, and asks how films are nevertheless rife with images of child beating used for sexual arousal. Chapter 5 similarly examines broadcasting regulation and asks whether the ban on sexualising children might be unconstitutional under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Part III concludes by looking at how society permits the eroticisation of children, while condemning the "paedophile". It suggests that the web sites may arise from childhood trauma over corporal punishment, compares the harm of that practice with that caused by the web sites and concludes that if there be prohibition, then it should be of child spanking, rather than the sites, which are non-exploitative testament to ingenuity in the face of a hypocritically censorial regime.
Describing Curved Spaces by Matrices
Creators: name: Hanada, Masanori
name: Kawai, Hikaru
name: Kimura, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a covariant derivative on any d-dimensional manifold M can be mapped to a set of d operators acting on the space of functions on the principal Spin(d)-bundle over M. In other words, any d-dimensional manifold can be described in terms of d operators acting on an infinite dimensional space. Therefore it is natural to introduce a new interpretation of matrix models in which matrices represent such operators. In this interpretation the diffeomorphism, local Lorentz symmetry and their higher-spin analogues are included in the unitary symmetry of the matrix model. Furthermore the Einstein equation is obtained from the equation of motion, if we take the standard form of the action S=-tr([A_{a},A_{b}][A^{a},A^{b}]).
description: 22 pages, 1 figure. V3: eqs (80) and (81) corrected
Site-site memory equation approach in study of density/pressure dependence of translational diffusion coefficient and rotational relaxation time of polar molecular solutions: acetonitrile in water, methanol in water, and methanol in acetonitrile
Creators: name: Kobryn, A. E.
name: Yamaguchi, T.
name: Hirata, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of theoretical study and numerical calculation of the dynamics of molecular liquids based on combination of the memory equation formalism and the reference interaction site model - RISM. Memory equations for the site-site intermediate scattering functions are studied in the mode-coupling approximation for the first order memory kernels, while equilibrium properties such as site-site static structure factors are deduced from RISM. The results include the temperature-density(pressure) dependence of translational diffusion coefficients D and orientational relaxation times t for acetonitrile in water, methanol in water and methanol in acetonitrile, all in the limit of infinite dilution. Calculations are performed over the range of temperatures and densities employing the SPC/E model for water and optimized site-site potentials for acetonitrile and methanol. The theory is able to reproduce qualitatively all main features of temperature and density dependences of D and t observed in real and computer experiments. In particular, anomalous behavior, i.e. the increase in mobility with density, is observed for D and t of methanol in water, while acetonitrile in water and methanol in acetonitrile do not show deviations from the ordinary behavior. The variety exhibited by the different solute-solvent systems in the density dependence of the mobility is interpreted in terms of the two competing origins of friction, which interplay with each other as density increases: the collisional and dielectric frictions which, respectively, increase and decrease with increasing density.
description: 13 pages, 8 eps-figures, 3 tables, RevTeX4-format
Read My Lips: More New Tax Cuts - The Distributional Impacts of Repealing Dividend Taxation
Creators: name: Roach, Brian A.
name: Roach, Brian A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Public Economics

description: The Bush administration advocates its January 2003 proposal to repeal personal dividend taxation on the basis that the cut would stimulate the economy, primarily benefit American seniors, and eliminate an unfair case of "double taxation." This paper primarily analyzes the proposal using a different criterion - its distributional impacts. Contrary to the administration's claim that seniors receive over half of all dividend income, U.S. Census Bureau data indicate that seniors receive only about one-quarter of dividend income. Dividend income is more concentrated towards high- income tax filers than the distribution of U.S. income as a whole. About two-thirds of dividend income accrues to the top 10% of tax filers. Less than one-fifth of tax filers with adjusted gross incomes of less than $75,000 have any dividend income at all. Also, dividend income is highly skewed by race- only 8% of blacks and 6% of Hispanics receive dividend income. An analysis of the distribution of the benefits of repealing dividend taxes is conducted using IRS summary data of the 2000 tax returns. Most taxpayers (about three-quarters) receive no dividend income and would receive no direct benefits from the proposal to repeal dividend taxes. On the other hand, filers with an adjusted gross income of at least $100,000 would receive average annual benefits of over $3,000. Over 75% of the total benefits would accrue to the top 8% of taxpayers. About 40% of the benefits would accrue to the top ½% of taxpayers, who would receive average annual tax savings of about $26,000. The distribution of benefits is more skewed than the distribution of dividend income. From this fact we can conclude that the proposal to repeal dividend taxation would, ceteris paribus, increase after-tax income inequality in the U.S. Given that U.S. inequality is higher than in any other developed country and at an historic high, policies that reduce inequality seem more desirable than those that have the opposite effect. Given the significant cost of the overall tax cut, one likely long-term effect is the reduction of federal services including, perhaps, Social Security benefits. Thus, the ironic conclusion is that the President's proposal, rather than helping low-income seniors, appears more likely to hurt them because of the potential for shortfalls in Social Security funding in the long term.
A theoretical study of the luminosity temperature relation for clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: Del Popolo, A.
name: Hiotelis, N.
name: Penarrubia, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A luminosity-temperature relation for clusters of galaxies is derived. The two models used, take into account the angular momentum acquisition by the proto-structures during their expansion and collapse. The first one is a modification of the self-similar model (SSM) while the second one is a modification of the Punctuated Equilibria Model (Cavaliere et al. 1999). In both models the mass-temperature relation (M-T) used is based on the calculations of Del Popolo (2002b). We show that the above models lead, in X-rays, to a luminosity-temperature relation that scales as L \propto T^5, at scale of groups, flattening to L \propto T^3 for rich clusters and converging to L \propto T^2 at higher temperatures. However a fundamental result of our paper is that the non-similarity in the L-T relation, can be explained by a simple model that takes into account the amount of the angular momentum of a proto-structure. This result is in disagreement with the widely accepted idea that the above non-similarity is due to non-gravitating processes as those of heating/cooling.
description: prnted in ApJ
The broadband afterglow of GRB 030328
Creators: name: Maiorano, E.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Savaglio, S.
name: Rol, E.
name: Pian, E.
name: Vreeswijk, P. M.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Peterson, B. A.
name: Jelinek, M.
name: Pandey, S. B.
name: Andersen, M. I.
name: Henden, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We here report on the photometric, spectroscopic and polarimetric monitoring of the optical afterglow of the Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) 030328 detected by HETE-2. We found that a smoothly broken power-law decay provides the best fit of the optical light curves, with indices alpha_1 = 0.76 +/- 0.03, alpha_2 = 1.50 +/- 0.07, and a break at t_b = 0.48 +/- 0.03 d after the GRB. Polarization is detected in the optical V-band, with P = (2.4 +/- 0.6)% and theta = (170 +/- 7) deg. Optical spectroscopy shows the presence of two absorption systems at z = 1.5216 +/- 0.0006 and at z = 1.295 +/- 0.001, the former likely associated with the GRB host galaxy. The X-ray-to-optical spectral flux distribution obtained 0.78 days after the GRB was best fitted using a broken power-law, with spectral slopes beta_opt = 0.47 +/- 0.15 and beta_X = 1.0 +/- 0.2. The discussion of these results in the context of the "fireball model" shows that the preferred scenario is a fixed opening angle collimated expansion in a homogeneous medium.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the 16th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era", Washington DC., November 29-December 2, 2005, 4 pages, 3 figures
Identifying the Real Winners from U.S. Agricultural Policies
Creators: name: Wise, Timothy A.
name: Wise, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: In this paper, we argue that advocates for new U.S. agricultural trade policies should consider refocusing their campaigns on the corporate livestock sector rather than farmers. There is little evidence that farmers as a group are reaping significant gains from current U.S. agricultural subsidy programs, even though they are the direct recipients. Low prices and high costs have left farmers with stagnant or declining net farm incomes. Furthermore, there is little conclusive evidence that the removal of U.S. subsidy payments would significantly reduce production or raise prices, though there is significant disagreement on this point. There is wider agreement that U.S. farm policies contribute significantly to depressed prices for agricultural commodities. Among the beneficiaries of those low prices are the consumers of U.S. grains and oilseeds, notably the concentrated animal feeding operations that now dominate the U.S. livestock industry. These industrial operations get feed that is generally sold at below farmers' costs of production. We raise two questions for future research, and provide tentative answers. First, would U.S. policies that ensure higher feed prices reduce the incentives toward concentrated feeding operations and tip the economic balance back toward diversified family farmers? Initial research suggests that the economic benefits of current policies to corporate livestock operators are significant and that their reform could contribute to structural change in the farm sector in favor of family farmers. Second, since subsidies to feed are not now treated as highly disciplined input subsidies for livestock operations under World Trade Organization rules, would a more accurate accounting bring U.S. subsidies above the maximum levels allowed in the prevailing Agreement on Agriculture? We present initial calculations that suggest such an accounting change would put the United States over is limit for 2000 and nearly over for 2001.
A Low-Loss 1-4 GHz Optically-Controlled Silicon Plasma Switch
Creators: name: Fisher, Alden
name: Missen, Zach Vander
name: Semnani, Abbas
name: Peroulis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a low-loss optically-controlled inline RF switch suitable for L- and S-band applications. Under 1.5 W laser power, the switch exhibits a measured ON-state insertion loss of less than 0.33 dB and return loss better than 20 dB across the band. The measured OFF-state isolation ranges from 27 dB at 1 GHz to 17 dB at 4 GHz. The switch comprises a single silicon chiplet excited by a 915-nm laser fiber which creates electron-hole pairs, thereby exciting the ON-state silicon plasma. An optical fiber is guided through the bottom of the RF substrate to illuminate the chiplet, which bridges a 1.075-mm microstrip line gap. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest-loss silicon plasma switch demonstrated today.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, to be published in IEEE Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON), 2021
Additional file 2 of Use of intravenous sodium bicarbonate in neonatal intensive care units in Italy: a nationwide survey
Creators: name: Massenzi, Luca
name: Aufieri, Roberto
name: Donno, Silvia
name: Agostino, Rocco
name: Dotta, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer

description: Additional file 2.
Progressive and Regressive Taxation in the United States: Who's Really Paying (and Not Paying) Their Fair Share?
Creators: name: Roach, Brian A.
name: Roach, Brian A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Public Economics

description: The political debate over recent reforms of the federal income tax in the United States has focused attention on the fairness of taxes. While the Bush administration claims its reforms make taxes fairer, critics counter that the majority of the tax cuts accrue to the wealthy. While the fairness of the federal income tax is an important issue, little attention has been paid to a more important issue: the fairness of the entire U.S. tax system. The federal income tax is one of the most progressive elements of the U.S. tax system; other taxes are regressive including sales and social insurance taxes. Analysis of any particular tax reform proposal is incomplete without consideration of its impact on the overall distribution of taxes. This paper measures the progressiveness (or regressiveness) of each major element of the U.S. tax system, as well as of the tax system as a whole. While the tax system contains a mixture of progressive and regressive taxes, the overall system is slightly progressive. A look at the historical record suggests that the overall distribution of taxes in the United States is currently similar to the distribution of the 1970s. The trend has not been stable though - federal taxes became less progressive during the 1980s and more progressive during the 1990s. Data on the distributional implications of the recent Bush tax cuts indicates a decline in the progressivity of the federal income tax. When assessed in light of all taxes in the U.S., tax cuts to be phased-in under current legislation threaten to reduce or even eliminate any progressiveness from the U.S. tax system. This possibility is particularly likely if tax cuts scheduled for sunset are renewed. Thus, legislators and commentators need to be aware that even if the federal income tax remains quite progressive, the overall U.S. tax system is tending towards a system that falls on each household in approximate proportion to income. The current trend towards a less progressive federal income tax and more regressive state taxes suggests that in the foreseeable future the United States could have a tax system that is regressive overall.
Symmetric reduction of high-multiplicity one-loop integrals and maximal cuts
Creators: name: Jehu, Guy R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive useful reduction formulae which express one-loop Feynman integrals with a large number of external momenta in terms of lower-point integrals carrying easily derivable kinematic coefficients which are symmetric in the external momenta. These formulae apply for integrals with at least two more external legs than the dimension of the external momenta, and are presented in terms of two possible bases: one composed of a subset of descendant integrals with one fewer external legs, the other composed of the complete set of minimally-descendant integrals with just one more leg than the dimension of external momenta. In 3+1 dimensions, particularly compact representations of kinematic invariants can be computed, which easily lend themselves to spinor-helicity or trace representations. The reduction formulae have a close relationship with D-dimensional unitarity cuts, and thus provide a path towards computing full (all-epsilon) expressions for scattering at arbitrary multiplicity.
description: 17 pages without references
Search for the decay K+ to pi+ gamma gamma in the pi+ momentum region P>213 MeV/c
Creators: name: E949 Collaboration
name: Artamonov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have searched for the K+ to pi+ gamma gamma decay in the kinematic region with pi+ momentum close to the end point. No events were observed, and the 90% confidence-level upper limit on the partial branching ratio was obtained, B(K+ to pi+ gamma gamma, P>213 MeV/c) < 8.3 x 10-9 under the assumption of chiral perturbation theory including next-to-leading order ``unitarity'' corrections. The same data were used to determine an upper limit on the K+ to pi+ gamma branching ratio of 2.3 x 10-9 at the 90% confidence level.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures; no change in the results, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Additional file 3 of Use of intravenous sodium bicarbonate in neonatal intensive care units in Italy: a nationwide survey
Creators: name: Massenzi, Luca
name: Aufieri, Roberto
name: Donno, Silvia
name: Agostino, Rocco
name: Dotta, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer

description: Additional file 3.
Free Trade, Corn, and the Environment: Environmental Impacts of US - Mexico Corn Trade Under NAFTA
Creators: name: Flores, Regina
name: Ney, Luke
name: Gallagher, Kevin P.
name: Wise, Timothy A.
name: Ackerman, Frank
name: Flores, Regina
name: Ney, Luke
name: Gallagher, Kevin P.
name: Wise, Timothy A.
name: Ackerman, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had a profound impact on corn trade between the United States and Mexico. Negotiated tariff reductions and the Mexican government's decision not to charge some tariffs to which it was entitled resulted in a doubling of US corn exports to Mexico. This paper examines the environmental implications of this change on both sides of the border. For the US, increased exports to Mexico due to trade liberalization represent one percent of total US production and should therefore be considered responsible for one percent of the environmental impacts of corn production. These are considerable, including: high chemical use; water pollution due to runoff; unsustainable water use for irrigation; the expansion of genetically modified corn; soil erosion; and biodiversity loss. Trends in these areas are presented. For Mexico, the principal potential environmental impact of the loss of a significant share of its domestic corn market to the US is the threat to agro-biodiversity. Preliminary evidence is presented on the extent to which imports and declining prices are reducing the production of native corn varieties. The authors conclude that shifting corn trade under NAFTA is having significant negative environmental effects on both sides of the border and could have even more profound impacts in the future if it results in the loss of significant agro-biodiversity in Mexico.
The Effects of an Off-Season Strength and Conditioning Program on Division III Collegiate Female Soccer Players and Athletic Performance
Creators: name: Robinson, Katherine
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of an off-season strength and conditioning program on the athletic performance of Division III female collegiate soccer players. This study utilized a quasi-experimental design using pre/post-testing of five different fitness tests. The null hypothesis that there would be no increase in athletic performance with the use of an off-season strength and conditioning program in female collegiate soccer players was rejected in 5 of the 6 dependent variables. There were no significant findings in the sixth variable. Research and participation in off-season strength and conditioning programs should be further assessed using a larger sample.
Beyond the single-site approximation modeling of electron-phonon coupling effects on resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra
Creators: name: Bieniasz, Krzysztof
name: Johnston, Steven
name: Berciu, Mona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is used increasingly for characterizing low-energy collective excitations in materials. RIXS is a powerful probe, which often requires sophisticated theoretical descriptions to interpret the data. In particular, the need for accurate theories describing the influence of electron-phonon ($e$-p) coupling on RIXS spectra is becoming timely, as instrument resolution improves and this energy regime is rapidly becoming accessible. To date, only rather exploratory theoretical work has been carried out for such problems. We begin to bridge this gap by proposing a versatile variational approximation for calculating RIXS spectra in weakly doped materials, for a variety of models with diverse $e$-p couplings. Here, we illustrate some of its potential by studying the role of electron mobility, which is completely neglected in the widely used local approximation based on Lang-Firsov theory. Assuming that the electron-phonon coupling is of the simplest, Holstein type, we discuss the regimes where the local approximation fails, and demonstrate that its improper use may grossly \textit{underestimate} the $e$-p coupling strength.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
TILSHUNOSLIKDA SOTSIOPRAGMATIK OMIL TUSHUNCHASI
Creators: name: Abdullayeva, Rohila
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ma’lumki, sotsiologiya jamiyat va uning institutlari, xususiyati, holati, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy vaziyati  va yana aniq talablardan kelib chiqqan holda bir necha jihatlarini o‘rganadigan soha hisoblanadi. Pragmatika tushunchasi ham bevosita jamiyat bilan bog‘liq bo‘lib, ma’lum bir zamon va makon birligida sodir bo‘lgan yoki sodir bo‘layotgan voqea-hodisalar xronikasi, jarayonni anglatadi. Sotsiopragmatika tushunchasi qamrov jihatdan sotsiologiya, sotsiolingvistika, pragmatika va pragmalingvistika sohalarining qo‘shilishidan iborat bo‘lib, tilshunoslikda tobora ko‘proq murojaat etilayotgan, matn, kontekst tadqiqida qo‘llanilayotgan tushunchalardan biriga aylanib bormoqda. Jumladan, o‘zbek tilida badiiy matn sotsiopragmatikasi, diskurs va muloqot jarayonining sotsiopragmatik asoslari xususida bir necha maqolalar yozilgan. Amaliyotda o‘zbek tilshunosligida tobora ko‘proq murojaat etilayotgan va tadqiqot yo‘nalishiga aylanib borayotgan hodisaning asosiy birliklarini ajratib olish, uning mazmun-mundarijasi va tadqiq doirasiga kiruvchi lingvistik hodisalarni ajratib olish zaruriyati tug‘iladi.
The Effects of Music on the Athletic Performance of Athletes
Creators: name: Saber, Amanda N.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine if athletes would perform better in athletic performances when listening to music. The participants were measured during high intensity athletic workouts, across music tempo conditions. This design of this study was a with-in subjects design. Athletes showed no difference in athletic performance when listening to music and not listening to music. Continued research is recommended to explore the effects that music tempo has on athletic performance.
Additional file 1 of The decision sampling framework: a methodological approach to investigate evidence use in policy and programmatic innovation
Creators: name: Mackie, Thomas I.
name: Schaefer, Ana J.
name: Justeen K. Hyde
name: Leslie, Laurel K.
name: Bosk, Emily A.
name: Fishman, Brittany
name: R. Christopher Sheldrick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Major Factors Influencing the Competitiveness of the California Strawberry Subsector
Creators: name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Jolley, William
name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Jolley, William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: With its nearly year-round supply and 83% market share, the California strawberry subsector dominates production and distribution of fresh strawberries in North America. The subsector has achieved its leading position among competitive production regions (e.g., Florida and Oregon) through the development and interaction of several factors. These factors include the following: superior agro-ecological conditions, economies of size, technological innovation, favorable demand conditions, marketing flexibility, and support infrastructure.
description: Selected Paper at the 2004 Western Coordinating Committee #72 for Agribusiness Research Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, June 6 – 8.
Additional file 1 of Synthesis of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorods Using Sol-gel Seeding and Colloidal Lithography Patterning
Creators: name: Chalangar, Ebrahim
name: Nur, Omer
name: Willander, Magnus
name: Gustafsson, Anders
name: Pettersson, Håkan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1: SEM images after different colloidal lithography steps. Figure S2: AFM image and surface line profile of dry-etched resist layer. Figure S3: SEM image of CBD-grown ZnO-NRs and vertical alignment distribution plots. Figure S4: Nanohole surface distributions on CL-patterned resist layers. Figure S5: SEM images of CBD-grown ZnO-NRs on CL-patterned ZnO-NP seed layers. Figure S6: EDS mapping of CBD-grown ZnO-NRs. Figure S7: Top-view cathodoluminescence mapping of ZnO-NR sample in Fig. S6.
Functional Forms Used in CGE Models: Modelling Production and Commodity Flows
Creators: name: Pauw, Kalie
name: Pauw, Kalie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Production Economics

description: Various well-known functional forms, such as the Cobb-Douglas function, the Leontief function and the Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) function, are used frequently in economic modelling. Traditionally these functional forms have been used to model the production side (isoquants) or consumption side (indifference curves) of microeconomic models. The standard approach in CGE modelling has been to adapt the single-level value-added type production structure to a multi-level production structure, thereby including value-added as well as intermediate inputs. This is typically referred to as 'nested' production structures, and often makes use of combinations of Cobb-Douglas/CES and Leontief functions. In open-economy CGE models CES functions and the related Constant Elasticity of Transformation (CET) functions have been used to model consumers' and producers' decision-making process regarding consumption of production of traded goods (imports or exports) and domestic goods. The various applications of these functional forms are discussed in this paper, with a specific focus on the production side and commodity flows.
Numerical Study of the Spin Hall Conductance in the Luttinger Model
Creators: name: Chen, W. Q.
name: Weng, Z. Y.
name: Sheng, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first numerical studies of the disorder effect on the recently proposed intrinsic spin Hall conductance in a three dimensional (3D) lattice Luttinger model. The results show that the spin Hall conductance remains finite in a wide range of disorder strength, with large fluctuations. The disorder-configuration-averaged spin Hall conductance monotonically decreases with the increase of disorder strength and vanishes before the Anderson localization takes place. The finite-size effect is also discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; the final version appearing in PRL
A Profile of the Limpopo Province: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality, and Unemployment
Creators: name: Pauw, Kalie
name: Pauw, Kalie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of Limpopo. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general guidelines to (agricultural) policymakers as to the current socio-economic situation in Limpopo, particularly with regards to poverty, inequality and unemployment.
Biased tracer reconstruction with halo mass information
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
name: Yu, Yu
name: Li, Baojiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plenty of crucial information about our Universe is encoded in the cosmic large-scale structure (LSS). However, the extractions of these information are usually hindered by the nonlinearities of the LSS, which can be largely alleviated by various techniques known as the reconstruction. In realistic applications, the efficiencies of these methods are always degraded by many limiting factors, a quite important one being the shot noise induced by the finite number density of biased matter tracers (i.e., luminous galaxies or dark matter halos) in observations. In this work, we explore the gains of biased tracer reconstruction achieved from halo mass information, which can suppress shot noise component and dramatically improves the cross-correlation between tracer field and dark matter. To this end, we first closely study the clustering biases and the stochasticity properties of halo fields with various number densities under different weighting schemes, i.e., the uniform, mass and optimal weightings. Then, we apply the biased tracer reconstruction method to these different weighted halo fields and investigate how linear bias and observational mass scatter affect the reconstruction performance. Our results demonstrate that halo masses are critical information for significantly improving the performance of biased tracer reconstruction, indicating a great application potential for substantially promoting the precision of cosmological measurements [especially for baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO)] in the ambitious on-going and future galaxy surveys.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures. published in ApJS
LAND, TREES, AND WOMEN: EVOLUTION OF LAND TENURE INSTITUTIONS IN WESTERN GHANA AND SUMATRA
Creators: name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Otsuka, Keijiro
name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Otsuka, Keijiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Land Economics/Use

description: How do women's land rights change as customary tenure systems give way to individualized land tenure? While the individualization of land rights creates incentives for poor farmers in marginal areas to adopt agroforestry, not much is known about its impact on women's land rights. Land, Trees, and Women examines the evolution of customary land tenure institutions in areas of Western Ghana and Western Sumatra where traditional matrilineal inheritance systems have been changing. In these two areas, the authors find that individualization of land tenure has contributed to both increased gender equity and greater efficiency in agroforestry management. While property rights institutions are moving toward providing proper incentives for efficient natural resource management, the authors conclude that any program or legal framework that assigns rights to resources must be evaluated for barriers to women's participation. This book will be of interest to professionals involved in natural resource management, agroforestry, gender and development, food policy, rural development, and property law/property rights.
The Effects on African American Students Attending an After School Homework Club on Reading Comprehension
Creators: name: Cahill, Kim
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an after school homework club on
improving the reading decoding and comprehension scores of African American students in
grades kindergarten and one on the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Learning Skills (DIBELS)
Next assessment and in grades two through five on the Anne Arundel County Public School
Reading and Language Arts Benchmark Assessments. The results of this study indicate that
there was no change for African American students in grades kindergarten and 1st compared to
their peers who were assessed using the DIBELS Next benchmark scores. In grades 2 through 5,
although there were slightly improved scores for African American students who participated in
the homework club, the overall data did not reflect a statistically significant difference on the
AACPS Reading and Language Arts Benchmark Assessments. Further research is needed to
determine if extended student participation with consistent attendance in the homework club
would increase reading achievement for African American students.
Gerling, Axel Ulrich / Scholl, Erhard (Hrsg.), Kirche der Armen?
Creators: name: Müller, Reinhart
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 4 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 4
WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN INDIA: AN EVALUATION
Creators: name: Kerr, John M.
name: Kerr, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Green Revolution that transformed irrigated agriculture elsewhere in India had little effect in the rainfed, semi-arid regions. Agricultural productivity remained low, natural resources were degrading, and the people were poor. In the 1980s and 1990s, planners turned to watershed management to develop rainfed agriculture while conserving natural resources. By the late 1990s, India was spending US$500 million a year on watershed development projects. Strategies ranged from the purely technical to those that emphasized social organization. Little systematic analysis exists, however, on the success of the different approaches. This study, based on a survey of 86 villages in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra states, attempts to fill that information gap by evaluating the projects' relative success in raising agricultural productivity, improving natural resource management, and reducing poverty. In looking at the question of what approaches enable a project to succeed, it uses both quantitative and qualitative analysis to compare project and nonproject villages before and after the projects were implemented. The authors find that projects involving the villagers in planning and decision-making performed better than their technocratic, top-down counterparts, but projects that combined participation with sound technical input performed best of all. All projects faced difficulties in ensuring that poor people shared the benefits of watershed development.
ПОНЯТИЕ СЛОЖНОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ И ЕГО ТИПЫ
Creators: name: Рахимова, З.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Статья посвящена изучению понятия сложного предложения его типология в современном русском языке. Автор кратко изучает отличие между видами сложных предложений и их единицами.
Observation of atom wave phase shifts induced by van der Waals atom-surface interactions
Creators: name: Perreault, John D.
name: Cronin, Alexander D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of nanotechnology and atom optics relies on understanding how atoms behave and interact with their environment. Isolated atoms can exhibit wave-like (coherent) behaviour with a corresponding de Broglie wavelength and phase which can be affected by nearby surfaces. Here an atom interferometer is used to measure the phase shift of Na atom waves induced by the walls of a 50 nm wide cavity. To our knowledge this is the first direct measurement of the de Broglie wave phase shift caused by atom-surface interactions. The magnitude of the phase shift is in agreement with that predicted by quantum electrodynamics for a non-retarded van der Waals interaction. This experiment also demonstrates that atom-waves can retain their coherence even when atom-surface distances are as small as 10 nm.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL
Additional file 1 of Association of lymph vessel density with occult lymph node metastasis and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Faustino, Simone E. S.
name: Tjioe, Kellen C.
name: Assao, Agnes
name: Pereira, Michele C.
name: Carvalho, André L.
name: Luiz P. Kowalski
name: Oliveira, Denise T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Studies about lymphatic vessel density significance in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
URBAN LIVELIHOODS AND FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN GREATER ACCRA, GHANA
Creators: name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Levin, Carol E.
name: Armar-Klemesu, Margaret
name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
name: Ahiadeke, Clement
name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Levin, Carol E.
name: Armar-Klemesu, Margaret
name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
name: Ahiadeke, Clement
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Labor and Human Capital

description: The rapid growth of cities in developing countries in recent years has given rise to wide-spread and increasing urban poverty, raising questions about how the urban poor cope with the special challenges they face. How do they earn their livelihoods? How does the urban environment affect food security and nutrition and the ability of the urban poor to care for their children? Which groups are most vulnerable, and what can be done to reduce vulnerability? Urban Livelihoods and Food and Nutrition Security in Greater Accra, Ghana, Research Report 112, offers a compelling case study of the impact of urban life on the livelihoods, food security, and nutritional status of the poor in Accra. The authors use a mix of qualitative information and detailed household data from a 1996-97 survey taken in Accra and its peri-urban areas to examine food consumption and employment and income, as well as hygiene practices, sanitation conditions, and practices related to the care and feeding of children to determine their contributions to malnutrition. The Accra Urban Food and Nutrition Study is a collaborative effort of the International Food Policy Research Institute, the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research in Accra, and the World Health Organization. This report provides an overall framework for analyzing the linkages between livelihood security, nutritional security, and factors such as income, women's labor, and child care practices. In the past, only a small share of the African population lived in cities. Today in Sub-Saharan Africa the urban population is approaching 40 percent of the total. In 1997 the population of greater Accra was roughly 2.4 million and growing by about 4.7 percent a year. Those living below the poverty line climbed from about 9 percent in 1987 to 23 percent in 1993. Copious research on the rural poor cannot be applied to urban dwellers because many of the problems they face are different. The urban poor live in a cash economy and purchase processed foods rather than growing their own. Livelihood opportunities are limited. Environmental conditions in cities can be a major constraint, particularly the level of crowding and poor sanitation. Informal safety nets to help the vulnerable such as kinship and community networks are different in urban areas.
Bringing water to the land : re-cognize-ing indigenous oral traditions and the laws embodied within them
Creators: name: Walkem, Ardith Alison
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This is a study of whether, in the introduction of Indigenous oral traditions as evidence in court, they are being in the complex cultural interplay that occurs in courts, and whether, given the central role of oral traditions in Indigenous cultures, the nature of Indigenous Peoples are being transformed in the process when their rights are adjudicated before the courts. Chapter 2 discusses the ways that the Supreme Court of Canada has defined s. 3 5 Aboriginal Title, Rights and Treaty Rights (as unlimited or lawless and therefore a danger to general public interests; assimilated into Canadian sovereignty; removing the source of these rights from the land in their legal definition; and, removing Indigenous laws from their definition). Chapter 3 examines the role that history has played in the legal interpretation of oral traditions, and argues that a primarily historical consideration obscures the alive, legal, and dynamic elements of oral traditions. Chapter 4 discusses the ways in which a methodology of suspicion has operated to reduce and diminish Indigenous oral traditions when they are introduced as evidence in court (rating them as faulty, light weight historic evidence while obscuring their legal content) through a survey of cases that have considered oral traditions at the trial level. Chapter 5 explores the devaluation of the Indigenous laws contained in oral traditions through an acceptance of the common sense assumption that Canadian conservation and safety laws are both rational and necessary. Chapter 6 argues that recognition (or denial) of Indigenous laws is politically contingent, and that despite limited legal recognition (in cases such as Delgamuukw v. B.C. and R. v. Van der Peef), these laws have yet to flow back onto the land, and are yet to be invigorated in Canadian law. There remains a lack of recognition of the legal content of oral traditions, and Indigenous jurisprudences risk being subsumed and transformed when they are introduced as evidence in Canadian courts.
The Outcome of Implementing a Math Tutorial Program for Second Graders Struggling with Procedures for Solving Problems
Creators: name: Richardson, Grace A.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study is to determine whether participation in afterschool math tutoring program would positively enhance the performance of selected 2nd graders invited to participate. The measurement tool used was the Benchmark Assessment. This study involved the use of a pretest and posttest to compare data from the winter of 2010 (before the intervention was administered) to data from Spring 2011 (after the intervention was completed). There were no statistically significant findings.
The Effect of Early Reading Intervention on Reading Scores of At Risk Kindergarten Students
Creators: name: Marino, Lauren A.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Early Reading Intervention (ERI) program for enhancing at risk kindergarten students’ reading scores. The participants in this study attended a suburban school located in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. All participants received small and whole group instruction from the Treasures Language Arts curriculum published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. The treatment group also received the Early Reading Intervention (ERI) for 30 minutes a day, beginning in October, 2011 and ending in May, 2012. February and May DIBELS scores for the treatment group were compared to those of a group of On-level and below level students who did not receive ERI. Main analyses compared the groups’ mean scores on May (post-intervention) DIBELS and DIBELS gain scores to see if there were any significant differences across the groups. ANOVAs indicated that for the May DIBELS scores, the only significant differences (at the p