cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Turán Triangles, Cell Covers, Road Placement and Train Scheduling
Creators: name: Schultz Xavier Da Silveira, Luís Fernando
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computational Geometry
Combinatorial Optimization
Approximation Algorithms
Scheduling

description: In this doctoral thesis, four questions related to computational geometry are considered. The first is an extremal combinatorics question regarding triangles with vertices taken from a set of n points in convex position. More precisely, two such triangles can exhibit eight distinct configurations and, for each subset of these configurations, we are interested in the asymptotics of how many triangles one can have while avoiding configurations in the subset (as a function of n). For most of these subsets, we answer this question optimally up to a logarithmic factor in the form of several Turán-type theorems. The answers for the remaining few were in turn tied to that of a long-standing open problem which appeared in the literature in the contexts of monotone matrices, tripod packing and 2-comparable sets. The second problem, called Line Segment Covering (LSC), is about covering the cells of an arrangement of line segments with these line segments, where a segment covers the cells it is incident to. Recently, a PTAS, an APX -hardness proof and a FPT algorithm for variants of this problem have been shown. This paper and a new slight generalization of one of its results is included as a chapter. The third problem has been posed in the Sixth Annual Workshop on Geometry and Graphs and concerns the design of road networks to minimize the maximum travel time between two point sets in the plane. Traveling outside the roads costs more time per unit of distance than traveling on the roads and the total length of the roads can not exceed a budget. When the point sets are the opposing sides of a unit square and the budget is at most √2, we were able to come up with a few network designs that cover all possible cases and are provably optimal. Furthermore, when both point sets are the boundary of a unit circle, we managed to disprove the natural conjecture that a concentric circle is an optimal design. Finally, we consider collision-avoiding schedules of unit-velocity axis-aligned trains departing and arriving from points in the integer lattice. We prove a few surprising results on the existence of constant upper bounds on the maximum delay that are independent of the train network. In particular, these upper bounds are shown to always exist in two dimensions and to exist in three dimensions for unit-length trains. We also showed computationally that, for several scenarios, these upper bounds are tight.
Landscape Filters of Functional Trait Diversity and Composition
Creators: name: Paradis, Anouk
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Functional trait
Landscape filters

description: Human activities are altering species' environments, consequently driving many to extinction and changing biotic communities worldwide. Functional traits are species’ intrinsic characteristics that shape their roles in an environment. Loss of functional diversity compromises ecosystem processes and potentially the resilience of communities facing further change. Biological homogenization reflects the non-random loss of species and possibly also of trait distributions within community, leading to the increasing ubiquity of some traits and growing rarity of others. By changing the composition and configuration of species’ local habitat and their regional surroundings, land use can alter community dynamics. The extent to which land uses within habitats and across the surrounding landscape matrix alter the distribution of functional traits in biotic communities remains highly uncertain but could determine how to design management strategies intended to aid conservation. Here, I investigate the relative contributions of compositional and configurational landscape characteristics at local and regional scales on the diversity and composition of functional traits within butterfly communities. I constructed models to identify landscape predictors of functional trait diversity but found no significant associations with individual traits. Managing habitat quality by fostering compositional and configurational heterogeneity in the local landscape can improve functional diversity. However, efforts to facilitate conservation of species with rare traits necessitates maintaining compositional and configurational variety within habitats and in the surrounding matrix.
АПАРАТНО-ПРОГРАМНИЙ КОМПЛЕКС ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРОЕКТНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ
Creators: name: Олегович, Бакалинський Олександр
name: Феодосійович, Гончар Сергій
name: Володимирович, Мохор Володимир
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Апаратно-програмний комплекс визначення проектних характеристик системи управління інформаційною безпекою, що містить модуль введення початкових даних, модуль пам'яті та модуль видачі результатів розрахунку. Додатково містить модуль розрахунку характеристик системи управління інформаційною безпекою, який включає блок визначення інтенсивності потоку обслуговування, часу оброблення та номінальної продуктивності. Блок обчислення інтенсивності навантаження системи управління інформаційною безпекою, блок розрахунку ймовірності не оброблення ризику системою управління інформаційною безпекою, частки часу простою системи управління інформаційною безпекою та відносної пропускної спроможності, блок розрахунку ймовірності відмови у оброблені ризику системою управління інформаційною безпекою, фактичної продуктивності системи управління інформаційною безпекою, середньої кількості ризиків, які можуть бути оброблені за одиницю часу, блок обчислення абсолютної пропускної здатності системи управління інформаційною безпекою, блок визначення середнього часу простою системи управління інформаційною безпекою, блок визначення кількості ризиків, які отримують відмову у обробленні за одиницю часу, вихід модуля введення початкових даних з'єднано з першим входом модуля пам'яті, перший-сьомий виходи якого з'єднані відповідно з входами блоків модуля розрахунку характеристик системи управління інформаційною безпекою, виходи блоків модуля розрахунку характеристик системи управління інформаційною безпекою з'єднані відповідно з другим-восьмим входами модуля пам'яті, восьмий вихід якого з'єднано з входом модуля видачі результатів розрахунку
Fisheries Catch Reconstructions : Islands : Part IV
Creators: name: Zylich, Kyrstn
name: Zeller, Dirk, 1961-
name: Ang, Melanie
name: Pauly, D. (Daniel)
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia. Fisheries Centre
Year: 2017

description: This is the fourth of our Fisheries Centre Research Reports featuring catch reconstructions for islands. Like its predecessors, a wide variety of islands is covered; some are countries in their own right, e.g., Iceland, while others are overseas territories of other countries, e.g., the British Virgin Islands. This set of reconstructions is particular, however, in that it includes the largest island in the world, Greenland, where all living resources, including seabirds and marine mammals are exploited, as well as the Chagos Archipelagos in the Indian Ocean, where all legal exploitation ceased when its Exclusive Economic Zone was declared a marine reserve in 2010, at the very end of the period covered here. There are six reconstructions from the Caribbean Islands, ranging in size from Cuba to tiny Anguilla, and five from the Pacific, ranging from wealthy Singapore, with a minuscule EEZ to impoverished and tiny Kiribati, with an immense EEZ.
Improving Fisheries Estimates by Including Women's Catch in the Central Philippines
Creators: name: Kleiber, Danika
name: Vincent, Amanda C. J.
name: Harris, Leila
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Small-scale fisheries catch and effort estimates are often built on incomplete data because they overlook the fishing of minority or marginalized groups. Women do participate in small-scale fisheries, and often in ways distinct from men’s fishing. Hence, the inclusion of women’s fishing is necessary to understanding the diversity and totality of human fishing efforts. This case study examines how the inclusion of women’s fishing alters the enumeration of fishers, and estimations of catch weight, fishing effort, and targeted organisms in twelve communities in the Central Philippines. Women were 42% of all fishers, and contributed approximately one quarter of the fishing effort and catch weight. Narrower definitions of fishing that excluded gleaning (gathering of benthic macro invertebrates in intertidal areas) and part-time fishing masked the participation and contribution of most women fishers. In this case study it is clear that overlooking women, part-time, or gleaning fishers led to the underestimation of fishing effort and catch weight. Overlooking gleaning had also led to underestimation of shells and other benthic macro invertebrates in fishing catches.
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Polar Fluids
Creators: name: Gibb, Calum
name: Hobbs, Jordan
name: Nikolova, Diana
name: Raistrick, Tom
name: Gleeson, Helen
name: Mandle, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction precesses about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the SmC_P^H and SmAAF phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric nematic (NF) and SmC_P^Hphases via binary mixture formulation of the novel materials described here with a standard NF compound (DIO), with the resultant materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are significantly below ambient temperature.
Geometrically-Controlled Microscale Patterning and Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of Nitrogen-Polar GaN
Creators: name: Pampili, Pietro
name: Zubialevich, Vitaly Z.
name: Parbrook, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we report on a novel two-step epitaxial growth technique that enables a significant improvement of the crystal quality of nitrogen-polar GaN. The starting material is grown on 4° vicinal sapphire substrates by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy, with an initial high-temperature sapphire nitridation to control polarity. The material is then converted into a regular array of hexagonal pyramids by wet-etch in a KOH solution, and subsequently regrown to coalesce the pyramids back into a smooth layer of improved crystal quality. The key points that enable this technique are the control of the array geometry, obtained by exploiting the anisotropic behaviour of the wet-etch step, and the use of regrowth conditions that preserve the orientation of the pyramids' sidewalls. In contrast, growth conditions that cause an excessive expansion of the residual (000-1) facets on the pyramids' tops cause the onset of a very rough surface morphology upon full coalescence. An X-ray diffraction study confirms the reduction of the threading dislocation density as the regrowth step develops. The analysis of the relative position of the 000-2 GaN peak with respect to the 0006 sapphire peak reveals a macroscopic tilt of the pyramids, probably induced by the large off-axis substrate orientation. This tilt correlates very well with an anomalous broadening of the 000-2 diffraction peaks at the beginning of the regrowth step.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Toward Learning Latent-Variable Representations of Microstructures by Optimizing in Spatial Statistics Space
Creators: name: Hashemi, Sayed Sajad
name: Guerzhoy, Michael
name: Paulson, Noah H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Materials Science, material development involves evaluating and optimizing the internal structures of the material, generically referred to as microstructures. Microstructures structure is stochastic, analogously to image textures. A particular microstructure can be well characterized by its spatial statistics, analogously to image texture being characterized by the response to a Fourier-like filter bank. Material design would benefit from low-dimensional representation of microstructures Paulson et al. (2017).
 In this work, we train a Variational Autoencoders (VAE) to produce reconstructions of textures that preserve the spatial statistics of the original texture, while not necessarily reconstructing the same image in data space. We accomplish this by adding a differentiable term to the cost function in order to minimize the distance between the original and the reconstruction in spatial statistics space.
 Our experiments indicate that it is possible to train a VAE that minimizes the distance in spatial statistics space between the original and the reconstruction of synthetic images. In future work, we will apply the same techniques to microstructures, with the goal of obtaining low-dimensional representations of material microstructures.
The boundary of cosmic filaments
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Wang, Peng
name: Guo, Hong
name: Kang, Xi
name: Libeskind, Noam I.
name: Galarraga-Espinosa, Daniela
name: Springel, Volker
name: Kannan, Rahul
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Pakmor, Rudiger
name: Yu, Haoran
name: Bose, Sownak
name: Guo, Quan
name: Yu, Luo
name: Hernandez-Aguayo, Cesar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For decades, the boundary of cosmic filaments have been a subject of debate. In this work, we determine the physically-motivated radii of filaments by constructing stacked galaxy number density profiles around the filament spines. We find that the slope of the profile changes with distance to the filament spine, reaching its minimum at approximately 1 Mpc at z = 0 in both state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations and observational data. This can be taken as the average value of the filament radius. Furthermore, we note that the average filament radius rapidly decreases from z = 4 to z = 1, and then slightly increases. Moreover, we find that the filament radius depends on the filament length, the distance from connected clusters, and the masses of the clusters. These results suggest a two-phase formation scenario of cosmic filaments. The filaments experience rapid contraction before z = 1, but their density distribution has remained roughly stable since then. The subsequent mass transport along the filaments to the connected clusters is likely to have contributed to the formation of the clusters themselves.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted by mnras
A Chinese Dataset for Evaluating the Safeguards in Large Language Models
Creators: name: Wang, Yuxia
name: Zhai, Zenan
name: Li, Haonan
name: Han, Xudong
name: Lin, Lizhi
name: Zhang, Zhenxuan
name: Zhao, Jingru
name: Nakov, Preslav
name: Baldwin, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful responses, exposing users to unexpected risks when LLMs are deployed. Previous studies have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of the risks posed by LLMs, as well as corresponding prompts that can be used to examine the safety mechanisms of LLMs. However, the focus has been almost exclusively on English, and little has been explored for other languages. Here we aim to bridge this gap. We first introduce a dataset for the safety evaluation of Chinese LLMs, and then extend it to two other scenarios that can be used to better identify false negative and false positive examples in terms of risky prompt rejections. We further present a set of fine-grained safety assessment criteria for each risk type, facilitating both manual annotation and automatic evaluation in terms of LLM response harmfulness. Our experiments on five LLMs show that region-specific risks are the prevalent type of risk, presenting the major issue with all Chinese LLMs we experimented with. Our data is available at https://github.com/Libr-AI/do-not-answer. Warning: this paper contains example data that may be offensive, harmful, or biased.
description: 14 pages
Citizenshit : The Right to Flush and the Urban Sanitation Imaginary
Creators: name: Morales, Margaret Del Carmen
name: Harris, Leila
name: Öberg, Gunilla
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: For many in the global North, urban life means that your shit is not your problem. We foreword that a possible reason for the global sanitation failure in urban areas is a disconnect between sanitation expectations - what we term the urban sanitation imaginary - and the practices required by proposed sanitation solutions. The case study presented here is based on interviews with residents of Villa Lamadrid, a marginalized neighborhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which faces significant public health impacts from an inadequate sewage management system. We solicited feedback regarding specific sanitation technologies frequently prescribed for poor urban communities— among them a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) with dehydration vaults. Even as this system is posited as ‘sustainable’ for the context of Villa Lamadrid in terms of ecological and economic factors, conversations with residents revealed why this option might not be sustainable in terms of social expectations. Based on interviews with community members we have defined four aspects of residents’ urban sanitation imaginaries that we consider highly relevant for any consideration of sanitation solutions in this context: 1) an urban citizen does not engage physically or mentally with their shit or its management; 2) an appropriate urban sanitation system requires flushing; 3) systems that require user’s engagement with their shit and its management signify rural, underdeveloped, and backward lifestyles; and 4) urban sanitation is a state responsibility, not a local one. Highlighting the urban sanitation imaginary methodologically and analytically goes beyond a discussion of culturally and contextually appropriate technologies. It examines linkages between user expectations and notions of urban citizenship and modernity. Ultimately it also draws attention to the socio-political dynamics and environmental justice issues embedded in discussions of sanitation and hygiene. While some of our results are specific to the Villa Lamadrid context, our research more generally suggests the need to consider sanitation imaginaries to reframe the discussion on sanitation interventions, particularly in underserved and impoverished urban areas.
title: 02_0164
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Numerical Relativity Multimodal Waveforms using Absorbing Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Buchman, Luisa T.
name: Duez, Matthew D.
name: Morales, Marlo
name: Scheel, Mark A.
name: Kostersitz, Tim M.
name: Evans, Andrew M.
name: Mitman, Keefe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Errors due to imperfect boundary conditions in numerical relativity simulations of binary black holes can produce unphysical reflections of gravitational waves which compromise the accuracy of waveform predictions, especially for subdominant modes. A system of higher order absorbing boundary conditions which greatly reduces this problem was introduced in earlier work [arXiv:gr-qc/0608051]. In this paper, we devise two new implementations of this boundary condition system in the Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC), and test them in both linear multipolar gravitational wave and inspiralling mass ratio 7:1 binary black hole simulations. One of our implementations in particular is shown to be extremely robust and to produce accuracy superior to the standard freezing-Psi_0 boundary condition usually used by SpEC.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures (Figs. 9 and 11 showing CCE and extrapolation results are new), accepted by Classical and Quantum Gravity
Using Subjectivity and Emotion to Reconsider Participatory Natural Resource Management
Creators: name: Morales, Margaret Del Carmen
name: Harris, Leila
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: This article examines what attention to subjectivity and emotion can bring to understandings of participatory resource governance. This focus highlights limitations of common participatory governance approaches, as well as possible ways forward. Attention to these dynamics makes it clear that for participatory governance interventions to be equitable and sustainable they must attend simultaneously to structural and institutional dynamics, as well as an individuals’ experience of participation. Moving forward, we offer some suggestions of new tools and approaches (e.g. emotion work, participatory performance, and spatial tools) that emerge from explicit consideration of emotional and subjective dimensions of participatory resource governance.
Verband tussen SLU's en ontwerpruimte in het kader van actualisatie  examenprogramma's
Creators: name: Moene, A.F.
Publisher: name: Wageningen University
Year: 2024

description: In de discussie rond de teruggang van ontwerpruimte voor de profielkernvakken schermen SLO, OCW en de minister voortdurend met het credo dat SLU’s (studielasturen) en ontwerpruimte niet hetzelfde zijn. In dit stuk laat ik zien dat ze wel degelijk direct gekoppeld zijn, ook volgens de SLO zelf.
Charting the Territory : Symptoms and Functional Assessment in Children With Progressive, Non-Curable Conditions
Creators: name: Steele, Rose
name: Siden, Harold
name: Cadell, Susan
name: Davies, Betty
name: Andrews, Gail
name: Feichtinger, Leanne
name: Singh, Mina
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group Limited
Year: 2018

description: Background: Children with progressive, non-curable genetic, metabolic, or neurological conditions require specialized care to enhance their quality of life. Prevention and relief of physical symptoms for these children needs to begin at diagnosis, yet, little is known about their patterns of symptoms and functional abilities. Aim: To describe these children’s symptoms, as well as how the children’s condition affects them physically. Design: Cross-sectional, baseline results from an observational, longitudinal study, Charting the Territory, that followed 275 children and their families. Setting/participants: Seven tertiary care children’s hospitals in Canada, 2 in the USA. Families were eligible based on the child’s condition. A total of 275 children from 258 families participated. Results: The 3 most common symptoms in these children were pain, sleep problems, and feeding difficulties; on average, they had 3.2 symptoms of concern. There was a pattern of underreporting of children’s symptoms for clinicians compared with parents. Regardless of use of associated medications, pain, feeding, and constipation symptoms were often frequent and distressing. Children with a G/J tube had a higher total number of symptoms, and respiratory problems, pain, feeding difficulties, and constipation were more likely to occur. They also tended to have frequent and distressing symptoms and to need extensive mobility modifications, which in turn was associated with higher numbers of symptoms. Conclusions: These children experience multiple symptoms that have been previously documented individually, but not collectively. Effective interventions are needed to reduce their symptom burden. Future longitudinal analyses will examine which disease-modifying interventions improve, or not, symptom burden.
Where Do We Go from Here? Multi-scale Allocentric Relational Inference from Natural Spatial Descriptions
Creators: name: Paz-Argaman, Tzuf
name: Kulkarni, Sayali
name: Palowitch, John
name: Baldridge, Jason
name: Tsarfaty, Reut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When communicating routes in natural language, the concept of acquired spatial knowledge is crucial for geographic information retrieval (GIR) and in spatial cognitive research. However, NLP navigation studies often overlook the impact of such acquired knowledge on textual descriptions. Current navigation studies concentrate on egocentric local descriptions (e.g., `it will be on your right') that require reasoning over the agent's local perception. These instructions are typically given as a sequence of steps, with each action-step explicitly mentioning and being followed by a landmark that the agent can use to verify they are on the right path (e.g., `turn right and then you will see...'). In contrast, descriptions based on knowledge acquired through a map provide a complete view of the environment and capture its overall structure. These instructions (e.g., `it is south of Central Park and a block north of a police station') are typically non-sequential, contain allocentric relations, with multiple spatial relations and implicit actions, without any explicit verification. This paper introduces the Rendezvous (RVS) task and dataset, which includes 10,404 examples of English geospatial instructions for reaching a target location using map-knowledge. Our analysis reveals that RVS exhibits a richer use of spatial allocentric relations, and requires resolving more spatial relations simultaneously compared to previous text-based navigation benchmarks.
C-Band Lithium Niobate on Silicon Carbide SAW Resonator With Figure-of-Merit of 124 at 6.5 GHz
Creators: name: Hsu, Tzu-Hsuan
name: Campbell, Joshua
name: Kramer, Jack
name: Cho, Sinwoo
name: Li, Ming-Huang
name: Lu, Ruochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, we demonstrate a C-band shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) resonator with high electromechanical coupling (kt2) of 22% and a quality factor (Q) of 565 based on a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) on silicon carbide (SiC) platform, featuring an excellent figure-of-merit (FoM = kt2*Q ) of 124 at 6.5 GHz, the highest FoM reported in this frequency range. The resonator frequency upscaling is achieved through wavelength ($λ$) reduction and the use of thin aluminum (Al) electrodes. The LN/SiC waveguide and synchronous resonator design collectively enable effective acoustic energy confinement for a high FoM, even when the normalized thickness of LN approaches a scale of 0.5$λ$ to 1$λ$. To perform a comprehensive study, we also designed and fabricated five additional resonators, expending the $λ$ studied ranging from 480 to 800 nm, in the same 500 nm-thick transferred Y-cut thin-film LN on SiC. The fabricated SH-SAW resonators, operating from 5 to 8 GHz, experimentally demonstrate a kt2 from 20.3% to 22.9% and a Q from 350 to 575, thereby covering the entire C-band with excellent performance.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Impact of research participation on parents of seriously ill children
Creators: name: Steele, Rose
name: Cadell, Susan
name: Siden, Harold
name: Andrews, Gail
name: Smit Quosai, Trudy
name: Feichtinger, Leanne
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Background: There is a paucity of research evidence to guide health care providers’ practice in pediatric palliative care. At the same time, some clinicians and IRBs are reluctant to approve such studies because of concerns about further burdening families. Yet, there is some evidence that research participation can have positive effects for families. Objective: To obtain parents’ perceptions about their experience of participating in 1 of 2 research studies. Design: Descriptive, quantitative survey. Setting/Subjects: Caregivers of children with life-threatening conditions (n=323) who were caring for the child at home. Measurements: Researcher-designed Impact of Participation questionnaire. Results: Few differences between the 2 groups were found on Impact responses. Not a single parent reported regretting participating in their study and almost all (96.3%) reported that conducting research about family’s experiences in pediatric palliative care had value. Just over three quarters (76.2%) did not find participation at all painful, and 73.7% reported that participation was about as painful as expected, with 23.2% reporting less painful. About half (50.5%) said that participation had at least some positive effect and only 3 parents reported any negative effect. An overwhelming majority (93.4%) would recommend participation to other parents in a similar situation. Conclusions: Participation in research for families with children who have a life-threatening condition is not only acceptable to parents, but may in fact have a positive effect. Though clinicians and IRBs may be hesitant to fully support such research, it is clear that conducting research in the field of pediatric palliative care is important.
Breaking Giant Chains: Early-Stage Instabilities in Long-Period Giant Planet Systems
Creators: name: Nagpal, Vighnesh
name: Goldberg, Max
name: Batygin, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbital evolution is a critical process that sculpts planetary systems, particularly during their early stages where planet-disk interactions are expected to lead to the formation of resonant chains. Despite the theoretically expected prominence of such configurations, they are scarcely observed among long-period giant exoplanets. This disparity suggests an evolutionary sequence wherein giant planet systems originate in compact multiresonant configurations, but subsequently become unstable, eventually relaxing to wider orbits--a phenomenon mirrored in our own solar system's early history. In this work, we present a suite of N-body simulations that model the instability-driven evolution of giant planet systems, originating from resonant initial conditions, through phases of disk dispersal and beyond. By comparing the period ratio and normalized angular momentum distributions of our synthetic aggregate of systems with the observational census of long-period Jovian planets, we derive constraints on the expected rate of orbital migration, the efficiency of gas-driven eccentricity damping, and typical initial multiplicity. Our findings reveal a distinct inclination toward densely packed initial conditions, weak damping, and high giant planet multiplicities. Furthermore, our models indicate that resonant chain origins do not facilitate the formation of Hot Jupiters via the coplanar high-eccentricity pathway at rates high enough to explain their observed prevalence.
description: ApJ published version. Changes to Hot Jupiter production calculation in Section 5; main conclusions remain unchanged
Generational sex and HIV risk among Indigenous women in a street-based urban Canadian setting
Creators: name: Bingham, Brittany
name: Leo, Diane
name: Zhang, Ruth
name: Montaner, Julio
name: Shannon, K.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: In Canada, Indigenous women are over-represented among new HIV infections and street-based sex workers. Scholars suggest that Aboriginal women's HIV risk stems from intergenerational effects of colonisation and racial policies. This research examined generational sex work involvement among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women and the effect on risk for HIV acquisition. The sample included 225 women in street-based sex work and enrolled in a community-based prospective cohort, in partnership with local sex work and Aboriginal community partners. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression modeled an independent relationship between Aboriginal ancestry and generational sex work and the impact of generational sex work on HIV infection among Aboriginal sex workers. Aboriginal women (48%) were more likely to be HIV-positive, with 34% living with HIV compared to 24% non-Aboriginal women. In multivariate logistic regression model, Aboriginal women remained three times more likely to experience generational sex work (AOR:2.97; 95%CI:1.5,5.8). Generational sex work was significantly associated with HIV (AOR = 3.01, 95%CI: 1.67–4.58) in a confounder model restricted to Aboriginal women. High prevalence of generational sex work among Aboriginal women and three-fold increased risk for HIV infection are concerning. Policy reforms and community-based, culturally safe and trauma informed HIV-prevention initiatives are required for Indigenous sex workers.
Multiple scattering simulation via physics-informed neural networks
Creators: name: Nair, Siddharth
name: Walsh, Timothy F.
name: Pickrell, Greg
name: Semperlotti, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents a physics-driven machine learning framework for the simulation of acoustic scattering problems. The proposed framework relies on a physics-informed neural network (PINN) architecture that leverages prior knowledge based on the physics of the scattering problem as well as a tailored network structure that embodies the concept of the superposition principle of linear wave interaction. The framework can also simulate the scattered field due to rigid scatterers having arbitrary shape as well as high-frequency problems. Unlike conventional data-driven neural networks, the PINN is trained by directly enforcing the governing equations describing the underlying physics, hence without relying on any labeled training dataset. Remarkably, the network model has significantly lower discretization dependence and offers simulation capabilities akin to parallel computation. This feature is particularly beneficial to address computational challenges typically associated with conventional mesh-dependent simulation methods. The performance of the network is investigated via a comprehensive numerical study that explores different application scenarios based on acoustic scattering.
description: 23 pages of main text, 9 figures
Detecting a Proxy for Potential Comorbid ADHD in People Reporting Anxiety Symptoms from Social Media Data
Creators: name: Lee, Claire S.
name: Lim, Noelle
name: Guerzhoy, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel task that can elucidate the connection between anxiety and ADHD; use Transformers to make progress toward solving a task that is not solvable by keyword-based classifiers; and discuss a method for visualization of our classifier illuminating the connection between anxiety and ADHD presentations.
 Up to approximately 50% of adults with ADHD may also have an anxiety disorder and approximately 30\% of adults with anxiety may also have ADHD. Patients presenting with anxiety may be treated for anxiety without ADHD ever being considered, possibly affecting treatment. We show how data that bears on ADHD that is comorbid with anxiety can be obtained from social media data, and show that Transformers can be used to detect a proxy for possible comorbid ADHD in people with anxiety symptoms.
 We collected data from anxiety and ADHD online forums (subreddits). We identified posters who first started posting in the Anxiety subreddit and later started posting in the ADHD subreddit as well. We use this subset of the posters as a proxy for people who presented with anxiety symptoms and then became aware that they might have ADHD. We fine-tune a Transformer architecture-based classifier to classify people who started posting in the Anxiety subreddit and then started posting in the ADHD subreddit vs. people who posted in the Anxiety subreddit without later posting in the ADHD subreddit. We show that a Transformer architecture is capable of achieving reasonable results (76% correct for RoBERTa vs. under 60% correct for the best keyword-based model, both with 50% base rate).
description: Forthcoming in Proc. of the Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology (CLPsych) at EACL 2024
Klassifikation für interdisziplinäre Forschungsfelder im Rahmen des Kerndatensatz Forschung
Creators: name: Stiller, Juliane
name: Trkulja, Violeta
name: Petras, Vivien
name: Biesenbender, Sophie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Zwischen Januar und Dezember 2020 widmete sich ein an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und am Deutschen Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZHW) durchgeführtes Kooperationsprojekt der Entwicklung einer Klassifikation für interdisziplinäre Forschungsfelder. Ziel des Projekts war die intellektuelle Entwicklung einer Forschungsfeldklassifikation zur Unterstützung einer differenzierten Abbildung interdisziplinärer bzw. gegenstands- oder problembezogener Forschung auf der Basis vorhandener Forschungsfeldlisten. Die im Projekt erarbeitete Forschungsfeldklassifikation wird als SKOS-Publikation sowie als Dokument im Excel- und PDF-Format für die Nutzung zur Verfügung gestellt. Das Projekt wurde gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und alle 16 Bundesländer (FKZ KDSFF2020A/B).
COPD phenotypes in biomass smoke – versus tobacco smoke-exposed Mexican women
Creators: name: Ramirez-Venegas, Alejandra
name: Sansores, Raul H.
name: Alva, Luis F
name: McDougall, Jill E.
name: Sin, Don D.
name: Silva, C. Isabela S.
name: Rojas, Carlos E.
name: Coxson, Harvey O.
name: Camp, Pat
name: Paré, P.D.
name: Müller, Nestor Luiz, 1948-
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: We hypothesized that biomass smoke exposure is associated with an airway-predominant COPD phenotype, while tobacco-related COPD is associated with an emphysema-predominant phenotype. In this cross-sectional study, female never-smokers with COPD and biomass exposure (n=21) and female ex-cigarette smokers with COPD without biomass exposure (n=22) completed computed tomography (CT) at inspiration and expiration, pulmonary function, blood gas, exercise tolerance, and quality of life measures. Two radiologists scored the extent of emphysema and air trapping on CT. Quantitative emphysema severity and distribution, and airway wall thickness were calculated using specialized software. Women in the tobacco group had significantly more emphysema than the biomass group (radiologist score 2·3 vs 0·7, p=0·001; % emphysema on CT scan 27% vs 19%, p=0·046; and a larger size of emphysematous spaces, p=0·006). Women in the biomass group had significantly more air trapping than the tobacco group (radiologist score = 2·6 and 1·5 respectively; p=0·02) and also scored lower on the symptom, activities and confidence domains of quality of life and had lower oxygen saturation at rest and during exercise (p<0·05). Biomass smoke exposure is associated with less emphysema but more air trapping than tobacco smoke exposure, suggesting an airway-predominant phenotype.
Modeling phonon-mediated quasiparticle poisoning in superconducting qubit arrays
Creators: name: Yelton, Eric
name: Larson, Clayton P.
name: Iaia, Vito
name: Dodge, Kenneth
name: La Magna, Guglielmo
name: Baity, Paul G.
name: Pechenezhskiy, Ivan V.
name: McDermott, Robert
name: Kurinsky, Noah
name: Catelani, Gianluigi
name: Plourde, Britton L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlated errors caused by ionizing radiation impacting superconducting qubit chips are problematic for quantum error correction. Such impacts generate quasiparticle (QP) excitations in the qubit electrodes, which temporarily reduce qubit coherence significantly. The many energetic phonons produced by a particle impact travel efficiently throughout the device substrate and generate quasiparticles with high probability, thus causing errors on a large fraction of the qubits in an array simultaneously. We describe a comprehensive strategy for the numerical simulation of the phonon and quasiparticle dynamics in the aftermath of an impact. We compare the simulations with experimental measurements of phonon-mediated QP poisoning and demonstrate that our modeling captures the spatial and temporal footprint of the QP poisoning for various configurations of phonon downconversion structures. We thus present a path forward for the operation of superconducting quantum processors in the presence of ionizing radiation.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables
Berlin Open Research and Culture. Ergebnisse der Interviews mit Berliner Kulturerbeinstitutionen
Creators: name: Trkulja, Violeta
name: Stiller, Juliane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Access, GLAM, Berlin, Kulturerbe

description: Präsentation gehalten auf dem Workshop “Berlin Open GLAM: Open-Access-Praktiken in Berlins Kulturerbeinstitutionen” am 26. April 2022. Um Berliner Initiativen und Projekten Sichtbarkeit zu verleihen und die Stärkung von Open Research in Berlin voranzutreiben, hat das Open-Access-Büro Berlin im Herbst 2020 gemeinsam mit You, We & Digital und mit Unterstützung der Berlin University Alliance (BUA) das Projekt „Berlin Open Research and Culture“ gestartet. Im Zuge des Projekts haben wir eine Interviewstudie mit Berliner Kulturerbeeinrichtungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie werden in der Präsentation zusammengefasst.
Optimizing Risk-averse Human-AI Hybrid Teams
Creators: name: Fuchs, Andrew
name: Passarella, Andrea
name: Conti, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We anticipate increased instances of humans and AI systems working together in what we refer to as a hybrid team. The increase in collaboration is expected as AI systems gain proficiency and their adoption becomes more widespread. However, their behavior is not error-free, making hybrid teams a very suitable solution. As such, we consider methods for improving performance for these teams of humans and AI systems. For hybrid teams, we will refer to both the humans and AI systems as agents. To improve team performance over that seen for agents operating individually, we propose a manager which learns, through a standard Reinforcement Learning scheme, how to best delegate, over time, the responsibility of taking a decision to any of the agents. We further guide the manager's learning so they also minimize how many changes in delegation are made resulting from undesirable team behavior. We demonstrate the optimality of our manager's performance in several grid environments which include failure states which terminate an episode and should be avoided. We perform our experiments with teams of agents with varying degrees of acceptable risk, in the form of proximity to a failure state, and measure the manager's ability to make effective delegation decisions with respect to its own risk-based constraints, then compare these to the optimal decisions. Our results show our manager can successfully learn desirable delegations which result in team paths near/exactly optimal with respect to path length and number of delegations.
The needs of persons with lupus and health care providers : A qualitative study aimed towards the development of the lupus interactive navigator™
Creators: name: Neville, Carolyn
name: Da Costa, Deborah
name: Mill, Christopher
name: Rochon, Murray
name: Aviña-Zubieta, J. Antonio
name: Pineau, Christian A.
name: Eng, Davy
name: Fortin, Paul R.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with high morbidity and unacceptable mortality. A major challenge for persons with lupus is coping with their illness and complex care. Our objective was to identify the informationaland resource needs of persons with lupus, rheumatologists and allied health professionals treating lupus. Our findings will be applied towards the development of an innovative webbased technology, the Lupus Interactive Navigator (LINTM), to facilitate and support engagement and self-management for persons with lupus. Methods: Eight focus groups were conducted: 4 groups of persons with lupus (n=29), 3 groups of rheumatologists (n=20), and 1 group of allied health professionals (n=8). The groups were held in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. All sessions were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative analysis was performed using grounded theory. The transcripts were reviewed independently and coded by the moderator and comoderator using 1) qualitative data analysis software, developed by Provalis Research, Montreal, Canada and 2) manual coding. Results: Four main themes emerged: 1) specific information and resource needs; 2) barriers to engagement in health care; 3) facilitators of engagement in health care; and 4) tools identified as helpful for the self-management of lupus. Conclusion: These findings will help guide the scope of LINTM with relevant information topics and specific tools that will be most helpful to the diverse needs of persons with lupus and their health care providers.