cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Estonian rural family enterprises.  Eesti maapiirkonna pereettevõtete strateegia
Creators: name: Kirsipuu, Maret
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: family enterprise; family business; family firm; sole proprietor; strategy; entrepreneurship policy

description: The paper seeks to analyse family businesses in rural areas, family business strategies and re-registration of sole proprietors with the Centre of Registers and Information Systems (hereinafter Commercial Register) in 2009, and to provide an overview of entrepreneurship policies targeted at Estonian rural businesses. Layoffs have increased the number of unemployed; some of those who have lost employment opt for social assistance benefits, but some others decide to become entrepreneurs. Many enterprising people in Estonia have set up a family enterprise, mainly in the sphere of services, agriculture and tourism. The Estonian entrepreneurship policy supports enterprising people and approves of entrepreneurship as a promoter of national economic development. One of the most positive qualities of family enterprises is their short decision-making chain, which ensures rapid implementation of the strategy.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 18 (2010)
Exploration of the longitudinal trend of DUI crashes in Pennsylvania, USA (2008 to 2019)
Creators: name: Liu, Chenhui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: This study aims to explore the longitudinal trends of DUI crashes in Pennsylvania, USA to provide insights for making the long-term DUI countermeasures. Crash data of Pennsylvania from 2008 to 2019 are collected from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. DUI crashes are divided into alcohol-impaired, drug-impaired, and alcohol-drug-impaired ones in the analysis. The linear regression models are adopted to check whether traffic crashes had significantly changed over time. Alcohol-impaired crashes decreased but drug-impaired crashes increased in the study period. Drugged driving is increasingly more deadly compared to drunk driving, and alcohol-drug-impaired crashes are the deadliest. Besides, illicit drugs dominate drug-impaired crashes now, drugged driving is increasing in rural areas, and older drivers are overwhelmingly involved in DUI crashes. The growth of drug-impaired crashes, especially illicit drug-impaired crashes, raises new concerns to the proposal of marijuana legalization in Pennsylvania, where recreational use of marijuana is currently prohibited. The decreasing trend of alcohol-impaired crashes is suggestive of the success of the long-term crackdown to drunk driving and implies the necessity of developing the uniform and handy roadside drug test devices. Besides, rural areas and older drivers should be paid special attention to deter DUI in the context of urbanization and population aging.
Intrinsic gap and exciton condensation in the nu_T=1 bilayer system
Creators: name: Giudici, P.
name: Muraki, K.
name: Kumada, N.
name: Fujisawa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quasiparticle excitation of the bilayer quantum Hall (QH) system at total filling factor $ν_{\mathrm{T}} = 1$ in the limit of negligible interlayer tunneling under tilted magnetic field. We show that the intrinsic quasiparticle excitation is of purely pseudospin origin and solely governed by the inter- and intra-layer electron interactions. A model based on exciton formation successfully explains the quantitative behavior of the quasiparticle excitation gap, demonstrating the existence of a link between the excitonic QH state and the composite fermion liquid. Our results provide a new insight into the nature of the phase transition between the two states.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
A Fast and Effective Breakpoints Heuristic Algorithm for the Quadratic Knapsack Problem
Creators: name: Hochbaum, Dorit S.
name: Baumann, Philipp
name: Goldschmidt, Olivier
name: Zhang, Yiqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Quadratic Knapsack Problem (QKP) involves selecting a subset of elements that maximizes the sum of pairwise and singleton utilities without exceeding a given budget. The pairwise utilities are nonnegative, the singleton utilities may be positive, negative, or zero, and the node costs are nonnegative. We introduce a Breakpoints Algorithm for QKP, named QKBP, which is based on a technique proposed in \cite{Hoc09} for efficiently generating the concave envelope of the solutions to the relaxation of the problem for all values of the budget. Our approach utilizes the fact that breakpoints in the concave envelopes are optimal solutions for their respective budgets. For budgets between breakpoints, a fast greedy heuristic derives high-quality solutions from the optimal solutions of adjacent breakpoints. The QKBP algorithm is a heuristic which is highly scalable due to an efficient parametric cut procedure used to generate the concave envelope. This efficiency is further improved by a newly developed compact problem formulation. Our extensive computational study on both existing and new benchmark instances, with up to 10,000 elements, shows that while some leading algorithms perform well on a few instances, QKBP consistently delivers high-quality solutions regardless of instance size, density, or budget. Moreover, QKBP achieves these results in significantly faster running times than all leading algorithms. The source code of the QKBP algorithm, the benchmark instances, and the detailed results are publicly available on GitHub.
description: This work has been published in the European Journal of Operational Research
Evaluation of a Persian version of the Adelaide driving self-efficacy scale among Iranian older adults
Creators: name: Havaei, Naser
name: Lotfalinezhad, Elham
name: Nadrian, Haidar
name: Papi, Shahab
name: Goljarian, Sakineh
name: Ahmadi, Amir
name: Nazaripanah, Neda
name: Mohammadi, Mojtaba
name: Jafarabadi, Mohamad Asghari
name: Badeleh, Mohammad Taghi
name: Bhalla, Devender
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Our aim in the present study was to estimate the psychometric properties of the full-length Adelaide driving self-efficacy scale (ADSES) for use among community-based resident older adults in Tehran, Iran. We recruited older adults (60+ years) from various sampling units nested in the Tehran district’s general urban population (20 subjects/questionnaire-item). The questionnaire was translated and back-translated by using recommended pathways. Multiple forms of validity and reliability, including Cronbach alpha, were estimated. Also, we measured intra-class correlation coefficient, and did confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 243 participants (mean age: 65.8, 95%CI 65.4–66.3) met our inclusion criteria. For ADSES, the alpha coefficient was 0.77, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98), and the average item-test correlation was 0.67. Upon CFA, we found a 0.95 comparative fit index, a coefficient of determination = 92.6%, and standardized size of the residual = 0.04. Our Persian language ADSES was found to have adequate validity and factor structure parameters for evaluating driving self-efficacy among community-based older adults in a non-western context. Our questionnaire is an essential first step toward evaluating driving self-efficacy among older adults, especially where no such tool is available, to help develop driving self-efficacy as a healthy aging measure.
Motor performance of correctional institution inmates
Creators: name: Pelton, Terrance Ronald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The problem of this investigation was to test the motor performances of Haney Correctional Institution inmates, compare their performances to various norm populations, find out if their motor performances improved after they stayed for a short period of time in the Institution, determine whether their motor performances were typical for the dominant physique type of delinquents and decide whether factors such as size, maturity and mental performance had any relationship to their motor performances. The purpose of the investigation was to arrive at some kind of a "motor performance picture" of delinquents, as compared to the "normal population." It was hypothesized that: (a) inmate motor performances and mental performances would be lower than those of the norm population; (b) inmate motor performance would not be typical of their dominant physique type; (c) inmates would improve motor performances after a short stay at the Institution; and (d) relationships would be-found between size, maturity, mental performance and motor performance. The subjects were 670, male inmates of the Haney Correctional Institution, British Columbia, ranging in age from l4 to 4O, but with the majority between 17 and23 years of age. Of this population of 670, only 280 were given the Motor Educability test, one of the motor performance items. Tests were given to inmates on their arrival and again after four months and the pertinent data recorded. The re-test population decreased in size from 670 to 255 and from 280 to 129 for the Motor Educability test. Transfers, discharges, medical and various other reasons not connected with physical education and out of the investigator's control caused these reductions. The reductions and some missing data further reduced the size of the population to 111 when the inter correlation matrix of all variables was calculated by the computer. A computer was used for the majority of the statistical; work to obtain means, standard deviations, inter correlation matrix of all variables and t statistic of differences between initial and re-test motor performance scores. Other calculations, such as the t statistic of differences between H.C.I. inmates' scores and those of the norm populations, and preparation of frequency distribution polygons, were done by the investigator. The results, in all but a few instances, supported statistically the hypotheses stated by the investigator. It was concluded, therefore, that Haney Correctional Institution inmates had lower motor performances than the various norm populations, had motor performances that were not typical for the dominant physique type of delinquents, had inferior mental performances, had heights and weights that were shorter and lighter than the norms and had typical relationships between mental performance, size, maturity and motor performance.
Impact of CO2 trade on electricity producers depending on the use of different energy sources in Estonia.  CO2 kaubanduse mõju elektritootjatele erinevate energiaallikate kasutamisel Eesti tingimustes
Creators: name: Kleesmaa, Jüri
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: CO2 trade; energy sources; electricity production; Estonia

description: The aim of this paper is to identify the main circumstances related to the Estonian energy sector and economy and the facts which are important for development of the research conducted by the author and for clarification of the main viewpoints. The paper provides the principal facts on the first (2005-2007) and second (2008-2012) period of CO2 (carbon dioxide) trade in Estonia; describes electricity production in Estonia on the basis of the electricity development plan effective in the reference year 2007 and proceeding from that – calculations of CO2 emissions by kind of fuel used. The paper will touch upon the main legislative provisions concerning renewable energy support, which essentially influence the development of renewable energy generation and indirectly the CO2 trade. Analogously with the reference year 2007 methods of calculation, CO2 emissions have been calculated for 2020. The electricity production prognosis for the year 2020 is based on the interpretation of the electricity sector development plan. Computation according to the CO2 calculation methodology shows that the CO2 emission amount will be ca 5.7 Mt (million tonnes) in 2020. In 2020 compared to 2007, the domestic consumption of electricity is estimated to grow: in 2007 the domestic consumption of electricity was ca 8200 GWh, in 2020 it is estimated to be ca 10480 GWh, i.e. the growth is ca 22%. Decrease in the emission amount of CO2 will be gained due to the expected use of different energy sources, compared to those used in 2007, in the designed power plants based on renewable energy sources or gas. The share of oil shale-based energy production will decrease from 83% to 44% resulting in a further reduction of CO2 emissions from 12 Mt to 4 Mt. In view of the fact that, during consumption, the CO2 emissions comprise nearly 60% of the gross consumption of electricity production, the research reveals that raising consumer awareness of the use of various energy saving equipment and the promotion of economical lifestyle involve a remarkable potential for reducing the amount of CO2 emission. To ensure competitiveness of electricity producers in the free market conditions, influenced by CO2 emission allowance trading, construction of the power plants in compliance with national regulations must be ensured with the help of support schemes, state aid, tax policies and legislative measures. Since the quota trade rules which will apply after the year 2012 are not distinctly clear yet, thus this topic will be developed further in the articles to come.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 18 (2010)
Non-extensive (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Shi, Jia-Hao
name: Qin, Zhi-Ying
name: Zhang, Jin-Peng
name: Cao, Jian
name: Jiang, Ze-Fang
name: Zhang, Wen-Chao
name: Zheng, Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-extensive (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic model for multi-particle production processes, NEX-CLVisc, is developed in the framework of CLVisc where the viscous corrections are turned off. It assumes that the non-extensive effects consistently exist in the initial conditions set by the optical Glauber model, the equation of state and the hadron kinetic freeze-out procedure. The model is then applied to simulate the pseudo-rapidity ($η$) distribution, the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) spectra and the $p_{\rm T}$-differential elliptic flow ($v_2$) of charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 2.76 TeV and 5.02 TeV, respectively. It is found that the model can reasonably well reproduce the experimental data of the $η$ distribution and the charged-particle spectra in a $p_{\rm T}$ range up to 6-8 GeV/c. When compared with the ideal hydrodynamic model, the $p_{\rm T}$-differential $v_2$ of charged particles is suppressed in the NEX-CLVisc model, which is similar to that observed in the hydrodynamic model with a shear viscous correction. Moreover, due to the lack of the viscous corrections and the event-by-event fluctuation, the model can only describe the $p_{\rm T}$-differential $v_2$ up to 3-4 GeV/c, which is smaller than its applicable range for the particle $p_{\rm T}$ spectra.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables. Revised accroding to the referee's comments
The synergistic effect of hybrid flame retardants on pyrolysis behaviour of hybrid composite materials
Creators: name: T.Albdiry, Mushtaq
name: F.Yousif, Belal
name: I.Al-Mosawi, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 91202 Composite and Hybrid Materials
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: The synergistic effects of hybrid flame retardant material on inhabiting the pyrolysis of hybrid reinforced fibers, woven roving carbon and kevlar, and an araldite resin composites were studied. The composites were synthesised and coated primarily by zinc borate and modified by antimony trioxide with different amounts of flame retardant materials. In the experiments, the composite samples were exposed to a direct flame source generated by oxyacetylene flame at variable exposure distances. The synergic flame retardants role of antimony trioxide and zinc borate on the composite surface noticeably improves the flame resistance of the composite which is attributed to forming a protective mass and heat barrier on the composite surface and increasing the melt viscosity.
Teleparallel Killing Vectors of Spherically Symmetric Spacetimes
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Majeed, Bushra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, Killing vectors of spherically spacetimes have been evaluated in the context of teleparallel theory of gravitation. Further, we investigate the Killing vectors of the Friedmann metrics. It is found that for static spherically spacetimes the number of Killing vectors turn out to be \emph{seven} while for the Friedmann models, we obtain \emph{six} teleparallel Killing vectors. The results are then compared with those of General Relativity. We conclude that both of these descriptions of gravity do not provide the consistent results in general. However, these results may coincide under certain conditions for a particular spacetime.
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication in Communications in Theoretical Physics
A policy for development of project management. Projektijuhtimise arendamise poliitika
Creators: name: Kuura, Arvi
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: economic policy; entrepreneurship; project management; projectification and programmification; project orientation; entrepreneurial orientation

description: The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is increasing in modern societies and also in businesses, non-profit and public organisations. To manage an increasing load of projects and programmes, the majority of organisations employ more skilled project management professionals and develop their project management capabilities. Against that background, most governments globally have not paid much attention to the development of project management. In other words, the project management capability (or maturity) has not been a macro-level or policy concern. The article explores the importance of project management capabilities and the need for suitable policies, and outlines a policy for the development of project management
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 18 (2010)
A model for right-handed neutrino magnetic moments
Creators: name: Aparici, Alberto
name: Santamaria, Arcadi
name: Wudka, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple extension of the Standard Model providing Majorana magnetic moments to right-handed neutrinos is presented. The model contains, in addition to the Standard Model particles and right-handed neutrinos, just a singly charged scalar and a vector-like charged fermion. The phenomenology of the model is analysed and its implications in cosmology, astrophysics and lepton flavour violating processes are extracted. If light enough, the charged particles responsible for the right-handed neutrino magnetic moments could copiously be produced at the LHC.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
The ability of turism events to generate destination loyalty towards the country: an Estonian case study. Turismiürituste võime genereerida sihtkohalojaalsust riigi suhtes: Eesti juhtum
Creators: name: Kuusik, Andres
name: Ahas, Rein
name: Tiru, Margus
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: destination; destination marketing; destination loyalty; repeat visitation; events; customer loyalty; free sample promotions; passive mobile positioning method; Estonia

description: Globaliseerumise taustal on riigid ja kohad üha rohkem hakanud omavahel konkureerima. Konkureeritakse nii välisinvesteeringute, külastajate, ettevõtete asukoha kui ka kohalike elanike pärast. (Kotler et al. 1999) Mida liikuvamad on kapital, inimesed ja ettevõtted, seda rohkem peavad kohad muutma end atraktiivseks. Selle tõttu on eraldi turunduse suunana välja kujunenud kohaturundus (place marketing). Kohaturunduse ühte osa, mis tegeleb turistide sihtgrupiga, nimetatakse sihtkohaturunduseks (destination marketing). Ürituste korraldamine on üks võimalus sihtkohaturunduse viljelemiseks. Väga palju on uuritud suurürituste mõju sihtriigi imagole ja inimeste teadlikkuse tõusule sihtriigi suhtes. Palju vähem on aga tähelepanu pööratud ürituste võimele genereerida korduvkülastusi. Seetõttu on üsna tavaline, et riigi tasemel toetatakse suurüritusi, mis tekitavad maailmas kära, samas, kui võib-olla mõistlikum oleks toetada hoopis väiksemate ja keskmise suurusega ürituste korraldamist, mis genereeriks riigile lojaalseid külastajaid. Just sellele valdkonnale selle artikli raames keskendutakse
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 18 (2010)
The role of meta-analysis in examining results of empirical studies about financial contgagion.Meta-analüüsi roll finantskriiside ülekandumise uurimisel
Creators: name: Kuusk, Andres
name: Paas, Tiiu
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: financial crisis; contagion; meta-analysis

description: The paper gives some new insights on the subject of financial contagion using the methodology of meta-analysis. We show that traditional qualitative literature review is not the proper way to summarise empirical findings of financial contagion and we use meta-analytical tools instead. The results of the meta-analysis show that on average asset market correlations have increased during turbulent periods, but the increase is rather moderate. When correlation coefficients are adjusted for the presence of heteroskedasticity, the increase is considerably smaller but still statistically significant. The crises are different in their contagiousness but the level of development of destination country seems not to play significant role whether crises spread over or not
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 18 (2010)
Sommerfeld-Bethe analysis of ZT in inhomogeneous thermoelectrics
Creators: name: Matsubara, Manaho
name: Yamamoto, Takahiro
name: Fukuyama, Hidetoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of good thermoelectric materials exhibiting high $ZT$ (=$\frac{PF}κ T$) requires maximizing power factor, $PF$, mainly governed by electrons, and minimizing thermal conductivity, $κ$, associated not only with electrons but also with phonons. In the present work, we focus on the GeTe and Mg$_3$Sb$_2$ as high $ZT$ materials with inhomogeneous structures and analyze both electrical conductivity, $L_{11}$, and Seebeck coefficient, $S$, with help of Sommerfeld-Bethe formula, resulting in understanding the temperature dependence of $PF$ and the identification of electrons contribution to thermal conductivity, $κ_{\rm el}$. Comparing the obtained $κ_{\rm el}$ and experimentally measured $κ$, the temperature dependence of phonons contribution to thermal conductivity, $κ_{\rm ph}=κ-κ_{\rm el}$, is inferred and analyzed based on the formula by Holland. Comparison of the GeTe and Mg$_3$Sb$_2$ with different types of crystal structures, i.e., GeTe being of a semiordered zigzag nanostructure like a disrupted herringbone structure while Mg$_3$Sb$_2$ of rather uniform amorphous structure, discloses that size effects on temperature dependence of $κ_{\rm ph}$ is large in the former, while very small in the latter. Hence, it is concluded that not only the size of the grain but also its shape has an important influence on $κ_{\rm ph}$ and then $ZT$.
Government supporting schemes enhancing universityindustry knowledge transfer on the example of SPINNO program in Estonia. Teadusasutuste ja ettevõtete vahelise teadmussiirde riiklik soodustamine Eestis SPINNO programmi näitel
Creators: name: Laine, Age
name: Varblane, Urmas
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: knowledge transfer; knowledge-based economy; innovation policy; government support schemes; SPINNO program

description: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the relevance of the set-up (system of objectives, supported activities and measured indicators) of SPINNO program in facilitating university-industry knowledge transfer in Estonia since 2001 and make suggestions on its improvement. As the basis for the analyses the knowledge transfer support scheme formation and evaluation framework is composed, which is used in evaluation of SPINNO programme. The empirical analyses revealed that the program has not paid enough attention to the different aspects of sustainability of knowledge transfer functions. The evaluation of the SPINNO programme within its existence since 2001 indicated, that the gap between the aims, expectations and supported activities converged consistently. In the first and to lesser degree in the second SPINNO program period the concept was viewed by both, the programming institutions and applicants, as limited to technology transfer. By the third reporting period the importance of the support to the knowledge transfer as the precondition for technology transfer was acknowledged
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 18 (2010)
Historicizing Chaianov
Creators: name: Bruisch, Katja
Publisher: name: Rural History Yearbook
Year: 2022

description: Der russische Agrarökonom Aleksandr Čajanov hat schon oft das wissenschaftliche Interesse auf sich gezogen: Ökonomen und Anthropologen nutzten sein Modell der bäuerlichen Familienwirtschaft, um Bauernwirtschaften in Entwicklungsländern zu verstehen. Historiker verbanden Čajanov mit der Möglichkeit einer Alternative zur gewaltsamen Kollektivierung der russischen Landwirtschaft. Der Beitrag will geschichtswissenschaft- lichen Ansprüchen an eine ökonomische Theoriegeschichte gerecht werden und verfolgt die verschiedenen Traditionslinien, welche Čajanovs Wahrnehmung der russischen Land- wirtschaft prägten. Stationen der Untersuchung sind die Etablierung einer populistischen Wirtschaftslehre im späten 19. Jahrhundert, die „Entdeckung“ der Bauernwirtschaft durch die Zemstvo-Statistiker, die russische Rezeption der deutschen Historischen Schule sowie Čajanovs Rückgriff auf den in Österreich entwickelten Grenznutzenansatz zur Modellierung mikroökonomischer Entscheidungsabläufe. Der Beitrag verweist darüber hinaus auf die politische Dimension des Čajanovschen Modells und macht einen Vorschlag zur Einordnung Čajanovs in die Geschichte des europäischen Agrarismus.
description: Rural History Yearbook, Bd. 7 (2010): Transforming Rural Societies. Agrarian Property and Agrarianism in East Central Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
How to speak the same language with European innovation-policy in terms of living labs? Kuidas innovatsioonipoliitikas eluslaborite (living labs) kontekstis Euroopaga sama keelt rääkida?
Creators: name: Lepik, Ave
name: Varblane, Urmas
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: innovation and invention; processes and incentives; management of technological innovation and R&D; technological change; choices and consequences; diffusion processes

description: A Living Lab is a user driven open innovation ecosystem, which combines consumers, firms and public sector. It is a rather new innovation methodology, which steadily gains stronger acceptance and becomes a significant innovation policy’s instrument in many countries. This article provides suggestions and conceptual framework for the applying living lab as the innovation policy instrument in the framework of national innovation-system in small countries. In the countries with the total lack or very limited experience about using the living labs the introduction of living lab approach requires answering several important questions. The paper is focused on the identification of potential areas of using living labs approach as well highlighting also potential obstacles in the process of its application in Estonia
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 18 (2010)
Chiral-cat-state generation via the Sagnac-Fizeau effect
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Hong
name: Yin, Xian-Li
name: Jing, Hui
name: Kuang, Le-Man
name: Liao, Jie-Qiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral quantum state generation is an interesting topic in quantum physics and quantum information science. Here we propose an approach for generating chiral cat states in a spinning resonator supporting both the clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) traveling modes, which are dispersively coupled to a two-level atom. The physical mechanism for the chiral-cat-state generation is based on the Sagnac-Fizeau effect. Concretely, when the resonator is rotating, the CW and CCW modes have different frequency detuning with respect to the atomic transition frequency and hence the atomic-state-dependent rotating angular velocities for the CW and CCW modes in phase space are different. This mode-dependent evolution leads to a chirality mechanism in the state generation. Based on the mode-dependent conditional rotation evolution and atomic projection measurement at proper time, we achieve the separate generation of cat states in the CW mode and coherent states in the CCW mode. We also investigate quantum coherence properties of the generated states by examining their Wigner functions. In addition, the influence of the system dissipations on the state generation in the open-system case is investigated. Our work will provide some insights into the development of chiral optical devices and nonreciprocal photonics.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Monitoring arc-geodetic sets of oriented graphs
Creators: name: Das, Tapas
name: Foucaud, Florent
name: Marcille, Clara
name: Pavan, PD
name: Sen, Sagnik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Monitoring edge-geodetic sets in a graph are subsets of vertices such that every edge of the graph must lie on all the shortest paths between two vertices of the monitoring set. These objects were introduced in a work by Foucaud, Krishna and Ramasubramony Sulochana with relation to several prior notions in the area of network monitoring like distance edge-monitoring.
 In this work, we explore the extension of those notions unto oriented graphs, modelling oriented networks, and call these objects monitoring arc-geodetic sets. We also define the lower and upper monitoring arc-geodetic number of an undirected graph as the minimum and maximum of the monitoring arc-geodetic number of all orientations of the graph. We determine the monitoring arc-geodetic number of fundamental graph classes such as bipartite graphs, trees, cycles, etc. Then, we characterize the graphs for which every monitoring arc-geodetic set is the entire set of vertices, and also characterize the solutions for tournaments. We also cover some complexity aspects by studying two algorithmic problems. We show that the problem of determining if an undirected graph has an orientation with the minimal monitoring arc-geodetic set being the entire set of vertices, is NP-hard. We also show that the problem of finding a monitoring arc-geodetic set of size at most $k$ is $NP$-complete when restricted to oriented graphs with maximum degree $4$.
The total energy splitting of ionic eigenstates in the axial crystal fields
Creators: name: Mulak, Jacek
name: Mulak, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between the energy total splitting $ΔE$ of the free-ion electron states in the axial crystal-fields and the second moment of that splitting $σ^{2}$ is thoroughly investigated. The non-Kramers and Kramers states with the quantum number $1\leq J \leq 8$ in the axial crystal-fields of any multipolar composition but fixed $σ^{2}$ are considered. Since the crystal-field Hamiltonian ${\cal H}_{\rm CF}$ is a superposition of the three effective multipoles various $ΔE$ can correspond to a fixed $σ^{2}$ according to the resultant combination of the independent contributions. This $ΔE$ variation range is the subject of the study. For the states under examination $ΔE$ can take the values from $2.00σ$ to $3.75σ$, whereas the difference $ΔE_{max}- ΔE_{min}$, except the states with $J\leq 5/2$, amounts roughly to $σ$. For comparison, the one-multipolar ${\cal H}_{\rm CF}$s yield accurately defined $ΔE$ ranging from $2.50σ$ to $3.00σ$. The limitations of the allowed $ΔE$ values exclude rigorously a number of virtually possible splitting diagrams. The documentary evidence for this restriction has been supplied in the paper collating the nominally admissible total energy splittings $Δ{\cal E}$ (i.e. those preserving the $σ^{2}$) with the $(ΔE_{min}, ΔE_{max})$ ranges occurring in the actual axial crystal-fields. Although the $ΔE$ unlike the $σ^{2}$ is not an essential characteristic and depends on the reference frame orientation, it is useful to know its dispersion range, particularly attempting to assign or verify complex electron spectra.
description: 17 pages, 4 tables, submitted to pss(b)
Rank-based attachment leads to power law graphs
Creators: name: Janssen, Jeannette
name: Pralat, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C80, 05C07

description: We investigate the degree distribution resulting from graph generation models based on rank-based attachment. In rank-based attachment, all vertices are ranked according to a ranking scheme. The link probability of a given vertex is proportional to its rank raised to the power -a, for some a in (0,1). Through a rigorous analysis, we show that rank-based attachment models lead to graphs with a power law degree distribution with exponent 1+1/a whenever vertices are ranked according to their degree, their age, or a randomly chosen fitness value. We also investigate the case where the ranking is based on the initial rank of each vertex; the rank of existing vertices only changes to accommodate the new vertex. Here, we obtain a sharp threshold for power law behaviour. Only if initial ranks are biased towards lower ranks, or chosen uniformly at random, we obtain a power law degree distribution with exponent 1+1/a. This indicates that the power law degree distribution often observed in nature can be explained by a rank-based attachment scheme, based on a ranking scheme that can be derived from a number of different factors; the exponent of the power law can be seen as a measure of the strength of the attachment.
Calculation of The Abundance of $^{187}$Re-$^{187}$Os Nuclear Clock Nuclides in S-process and Sensitivity Analysis of Maxwellian-Averaged Neutron Capture Cross Sections
Creators: name: Dong, Xinyu
name: Qiu, Yixuan
name: Wu, Kaisu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 02.30.Hq, 02.60.Cb, 25.40.Lw, 25.40.Hs, 29.85.Fj

description: In this paper, the network equations calculation of $^{187}$Re-$^{187}$Os clock-related nuclide abundance in s-process is studied, and the sensitivities of Maxwellian-Averaged neutron capture cross sections for each nuclide are analyzed in detail. Firstly, basing nuclear physical parameters, we give the branching s-process reaction network from $^{184}$W to $^{190}$Os, and establish the corresponding network equations. Using a single path s-process approximation, we obtain an analytical expression of the seed nuclide $^{183}$W abundance of our branching network. Because of the stiffness of the system of network equations, we use the semi-implicit Runge-Kutta method to give the numerical solution of the network equations, and thus obtain the abundance of each nuclide related to the $^{187}$Re-$^{187}$Os nuclear clock in the s-process. Finally, with the numerical solution, the sensitivity analysis of the Maxwellian-Averaged neutron capture cross sections of the nuclear reaction involved in the $^{187}$Re-$^{187}$Os nuclear clock network equations is carried out. Therefore, we find that in s-process, the neutron capture reaction $^{184}$W + n $\to$ $^{185}$W has the greatest influence on the $^{187}$Re-$^{187}$Os nuclear clock reaction network, and the neutron capture reaction $^{186}$W + n $\to$ $^{187}$W has the greatest effect on the particular nuclides $^{187}$Re and $^{187}$Os. So the measurements of these two Maxwellian-Averaged neutron capture cross sections deserve the attention of experimental nuclear physicists.
SUSTENTABILIDADE E REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DE PEIXES PARA A OBTENÇÃO DE FARINHA
Creators: name: Silva, Josiane Aparecida Rodrigues
name: Lima, Janaína Paolucci Sales de
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Fish farming is an activity that brings many economic and social benefits to our country, but generates large volumes of waste in fish processing, so the inadequate management of these wastes is a worrying environmental problem. On the other hand, these residues are an economical source of protein and other nutrients, which makes it possible to use them to obtain by-products, such as in the preparation of flours that can be included in animal feed as long as it is processed correctly. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the sustainability and reuse of fish waste to obtain flour in Humaitá-AM. Flours were obtained using babao (Brachyplatystoma platynema) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) residues through two treatments: with cooking (CC) and without cooking (SC). The yields of flours obtained from residues were 13.5 and 18.0% for babao and 12.4 and 18.0% for tambaqui (CC and SC, respectively). Tambaqui residue flour (CC) had the highest protein content and lowest lipid content among the flours obtained. Microbiological analyzes on flour samples complied with current legislation. It is concluded that flours are an excellent alternative for the supply of proteins and minerals in the formulation of animal feed and also for the reuse of fish residues, which are usually discarded in the Madeira River, causing a large proportion of negative impacts.
Ouzo Effect in the Holy Quran
Creators: name: Aymen Labidi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 30199 Analytical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: There is an old adage that says oil and water don't mix and while this is true, there is a way to mix oil and water so that they are kept from separating, that process is called an emulsion or the combinations of liquids that don't dissolve in each other. It wasn't until 1853 that the first emulsifiers such as mono and diglycerides were synthesized by the frenchman Mars Lamb Venrtilo.What's interesting about an emulsion besides the fact that allows oil and water to mix is that even though the color of water is clear and oils come in various shades of yellow, when you mix them together with an emulsifier, the resulting liquid is always milky white.we will discuss spontaneous emulsification, also known as the "Ouzo effect". This is the process that takes place when an herb liquor (e.g. Ouzo) is mixed with water, resulting in a milky white beverage. Amazingly, the Qur'an spoke about this alcoholic emulsion long before it was even invented.
Accelerating multipartite entanglement generation in non-Hermitian superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Feyisa, Chimdessa Gashu
name: You, J. S.
name: Ku, Huan-Yu
name: Jen, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open quantum systems are susceptible to losses in information, energy, and particles due to their surrounding environment. One novel strategy to mitigate these losses is to transform them into advantages for quantum technologies through tailored non-Hermitian quantum systems. In this work, we theoretically propose a fast generation of multipartite entanglement in non-Hermitian qubits. Our findings reveal that weakly coupled non-Hermitian qubits can accelerate multiparty entanglement generation by thousands of times compared to Hermitian qubits, in particular when approaching the $2^n$-th order exceptional points of $n$ qubits in the ${\cal P}{\cal T}-$ symmetric regime. Furthermore, we show that Hermitian qubits can generate GHZ states with a high fidelity more than $0.9995$ in a timescale comparable to that of non-Hermitian qubits, but at the expense of intense driving and large coupling constant. Our approach is scalable to a large number of qubits, presenting a promising pathway for advancing quantum technologies through the non-Hermiticity and higher-order exceptional points in many-body quantum systems.
description: 5 figures
Bi-directional mapping between polarization and spatially encoded photonic qutrits
Creators: name: Lin, Qing
name: He, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Qutrits, the triple level quantum systems in various forms, have been proposed for quantum information processing recently. By the methods presented in this paper a bi-photonic qutrit, which is encoded with the polarizations of two photons in the same spatial-temporal mode, can be mapped to a single photon qutrit in spatial modes. It will make arbitrary unitary operation on such bi-photonic qutrit possible if we can also realize the inverse map to polarization space. Among the two schemes proposed in this paper, the one based only on linear optics realizes an arbitrary U(3) operation with a very small success probability. However, if added with weak nonlinearity, the success probability can be greatly improved. These schemes are feasible with the current experimental technology.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. A
Experimental approach to mechanical properties of natural rubber mixing with calcium carbonate powder
Creators: name: I.Al-Mosawi, Ali
name: Muslim M.Ali
name: Mohmmed, Jabbar H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 91202 Composite and Hybrid Materials
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Calcium carbonate powder was used as an additive filler adding to natural rubber (NR) with various amounts and measuring its effect on mechanical properties of (NR), which includes hardness and tensile strength before and after additions. The results were obtained from tests shown enhanced in (NR) hardness and tensile strength after adding calcium carbonate powder and increasing these properties with the increasing percentage of powder, as shown in figures
10$^{-15}$-level laser stabilization down to fiber thermal noise limit using self-homodyne detection
Creators: name: Jeon, Igju
name: Jeong, Woosong
name: Ahn, Changmin
name: Kim, Jungwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a self-homodyne detection method to stabilize a continuous-wave 1550-nm laser to a 1-km optical fiber delay line, achieving a frequency instability of 6.3x10-15 at a 16-ms averaging time. This result, limited by fiber thermal noise, is achieved without the need for a vacuum system, highlighting the potential of our approach for ultra-stable laser systems in non-laboratory environments. The system utilizes only a few passive fiber optic components and a single balanced photodetector, significantly simplifying the laser stabilization process while maintaining high performance. The entire optical setup is compactly packaged in a portable metal air-tight case.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Suppression of motional dephasing using state mapping
Creators: name: Jiao, Yuechun
name: Li, Changcheng
name: Shi, XiaoFeng
name: Fan, Jiabei
name: Bai, Jingxu
name: Jia, Suotang
name: Zhao, Jianming
name: Adams, C. Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rydberg-mediated quantum optics is a useful route toward deterministic quantum information processing based on single photons and quantum networks, but is bottlenecked by the fast motional dephasing of Rydberg atoms. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate suppressing the motional dephasing by creating an {\it a priori} unknown but correct phase to each Rydberg atom in an atomic ensemble. The phase created is exactly proportional to the unknown velocity of the thermal motion, resulting in a condition as if no thermal motion occurs to the Rydberg atom upon the retrieval of the signal photon. Our experiments, though hampered by the noise of lasers and the environment, demonstrate more than one order of magnitude enhancement of the coherence time. The feasibility of realizing long-lived storage of single photons in strongly interacting Rydberg media sheds new light on Rydberg-mediated quantum nonlinear optics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Gevrey solutions of irregular hypergeometric systems in two variables
Creators: name: Fernandez-Fernandez, M. C.
name: Castro-Jimenez, F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32C38, 13N10 (Primary) 13P10, 14F10, 14M25 (Secondary)

description: We describe the Gevrey series solutions at singular points of the irregular hypergeometric system (GKZ system) associated with an affine plane monomial curve. We also describe the irregularity complex of such a system with respect to its singular support.
description: Most of the results of this paper are contained in arXiv:0804.0809v2 [math.AG]
George KAZANTZIDIS, Lucretius on Disease. The Poetics of Morbidity in ‚De rerum natura‘
Creators: name: Ullrich, Heiko
Publisher: name: Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: George Kazantzidis, Lucretius on Disease. The Poetics of Morbidity in ‚De rerum natura‘. Trends in Classics. Supplementary Volumes Bd. 117. Ber­lin/Boston: De Gruyter 2021, 221 S., EUR 99,95. ISBN: 978-3-11-072265-9
description: Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft, Bd. 24 Nr. 1 (2021): Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft