Papers in Pidgin and Creole Linguistics No. 1
Creators: name: Todd, L. (Ed.)
name: Mühlhäusler, P. (Ed.)
name: Wurm, S.A. (Ed.)
name: Platt, J. (Ed.)
name: Mühlhäusler, P. (Ed.)
name: Walsh, D. (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1978

description: A-54
description: Contents iii{Loreto Todd and Peter Mühlhäusler} 1IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN CAMEROON PIDGIN ENGLISH AND TOK PISIN. 1. Foreword on Idiomatic Expressions 1 2. Idioms in Pidgin Languages 2 3. Brief Historical Background to Cameroon Pidgin 4 4. CP Idioms Involving the Use of Body Parts 8 5. Brief Conclusion to the Section on CP 16 6. Brief Historical Background to Tok Pisin (TP) 16 7. Notes on the Growth of Idiomatic Structure in TP 17 8. Tok Pisin Idioms Involving the Use of Body Parts 20 9. Body Term Expressions in Urban Pidgin 27 9.1. Influence from English 28 9.2. Creation of New Body Term Expressions 29 10. Conclusions 30Note 31Bibliography 32{S.A. Wurm} 37LANGUAGE PLANNING AND NEW GUINEA PIDGIN. 1. Introductory Remarks 37 2. History and Role of Pidgin 37 3. Language Planning 40 4. Pidgin and External Language Planning 40 5. Pidgin and Internal Language Planning 44 5.1. Pidgin and Internal Language Planning in the Past and Recently 44 5.2. Internal Language Planning needed for Pidgin 45 5.2.1. Orthography 46 5.2.2. Lexicon 46 5.2.3. Pronunciation and Spelling of English Loan Words 46 5.2.4. Grammatical Structure 47 6. Implementation of Language Planning Decisions 47 7. Concluding Remarks 43Note 48Bibliography 49{John T. Piatt} 53THE CONCEPT OF A 'CREOLOID' - EXEMPLIFICATION: BASILECTAL SINGAPORE ENGLISH.Notes 62Bibliography 63{Peter Mühlhäusler} 67SAMOAN PLANTATION PIDGIN ENGLISH AND THE ORIGIN OF NEW GUINEA PIDGIN. 1. Introduction 67 2. Theories about the Origin of New Guinea Pidgin 68 3. Historical Evidence of Samoan Plantation Pidgin 70 4. Labour Trade between Samoa and the New Guinea Islands 76 5. The Social and Geographical Setting of the Labour Trade and the Role of Pidgin 80 5.1. The Period Before 1879 80 5.2. Developments between 1879 to 1890 81 5.2.1. The Godeffroy Trading Station on Mioko Island 82 5.2.2. Queen Emma and the Farrell Trading Company 82 5.2.3. Other Trading and Recruiting Stations in the Duke of York Group 83 5.3. The Years 1890 - 1914 85 5.4. The Years After the First World War 86 6. Linguistic Evidence for a Connection between New Guinea Pidgin and Samoan Plantation Pidgin 87 6.1. Some Notes on the Lexicon of Samoan Plantation Pidgin 87 6.1.1. The Lexical Inventory 88 6.1.1.1. Items of Samoan Origin 88 6.2. Lexical System: The Formation of New Lexical Items from Internal Resources 92 6.2.1. Circumlocution 93 6.2.2. Compounding and Multifunctionality 94 6.2.3. Reduplication and Repetition 95 6.3. A Syntactic Sketch of Samoan Plantation Pidgin 95 6.3.1. Personal Pronouns 96 6.3.2. Interrogative Pronouns 96 6.3.3. Nouns and Noun Phrases 97 6.3.4. Samoan Plantation Pidgin Adjectives 98 6.3.4.1. The Use of -fela 98 6.3.4.2. Intensification of Adjectives 100 6.3.5. Numerals and Quantifiers 100 6.3.6. Verbs and Verb Phrases 101 6.3.7. Intransitive, Transitive and Causative Verbs 104 6.3.8. Sentence Formation 107 7. Conclusions 108Notes 111Bibliography 114{Peter Mühlhäusler} 121THE FUNCTIONAL POSSIBILITIES OF LEXICAL BASES IN NEW GUINEA PIDGIN. 1. Introduction 121 1.1. The Subject Matter of this Paper 121 1.2. Descriptive Problems 121 1.3. Outline of Earlier Descriptions of MF in NGP 122 2. The Data and the Descriptive Framework 127 2.1. The Data 127 2.2. Remarks on the Terminology and the Descriptive Framework 128 3. Descriptive Statement 133 3.1. Syntactic Derivation 133 3.1.1. The 'Work' of Syntactic Derivations 135 3.1.2. Summary 137 3.2. Lexical Derivation 137 3.2.1. Introduction 137 3.2.2. Lexical Redundancy Conventions 137 3.2.2.1. Phonological and Morphological Redundancy Conventions 138 3.2.2.2. Derivational Redundancy Conventions 139 3.2.2.3. Semantic Redundancy Conventions 140 3.2.2.4. Other Redundancy Conventions 143 3.2.3. Derivational Programs 144 3.3. Conventions for the Assignment of Idiomatic and Metaphorical Meaning 150 4. The Development of MF in NGP 151 4.1. Introduction 151 4.2.1. Confusion of Parts of Speech 152 4.2.2. Multi-Level Generative Systems 154 4.2.3. Relexification Theory 154 4.2.4. Theories Stressing the Optimalisation of Grammar 155 4.2.4.1. Presence of Alternative Programs 155 4.2.4.2. Suppletion 256 5. MF in NGP and its English Counterparts 157 5.1. hypotheses about the Relationship between NGP and English 157 5.2. Differences between English and NGP Word Formation 158 5.2.1. Surface Differences 158 5.2.2. Differences in General Conventions 159 5.2.3. Differences in the Restrictions on Productivity 159 5.3. The Polysystemic Nature of NGP 160 5.3.1. Additional Patterns of MF 161 5.3.2. Successful Integration of New Loans 161 5.3.3. Loans which cannot be Integrated 162 6. Conclusions 163Notes 165Bibliography 170{S.A. Wurm} 175DESCRIPTIVE AND PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR IN NEW GUINEA PIDGIN.Note 183Bibliography 184{D.S. Walsh} 185TOK PISIN SYNTAX - THE EAST AUSTRONESIAN FACTOR. 1. Introduction 185 1.1. The Derivation of Tok Pisin Lexicon and Syntax 185 1.2. The East Austronesian Factor 186 1.3. The Nature of the Evidence 187 2. Evidence 187 2.1. Noun Phrases 187 2.2. The Articles 'the' and 'a' 188 2.3. Gender 188 2.4. Number 188 2.5. The Noun as Subject 189 2.6. Pronouns 190 2.6.1. Personal Pronouns 190 2.6.2. 'Possessive' Pronouns 190 2.6.3. The 'Intensive' Pronouns 190 2.7. Verbs 191 2.7.1. The Use of the Predicate Marker 191 2.7.2. The Transitive Suffix 191 2.7.3. Time Relation 192 2.8. Reduplication 192 3. Conclusion 193Notes 194Bibliography 196