cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Co-periodic stability of periodic waves in some Hamiltonian PDEs
Creators: name: Benzoni-Gavage, Sylvie
name: Mietka, Colin
name: Rodrigues, L. Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B10, 35B35, 35Q35, 35Q51, 35Q53, 37K05, 37K45

description: The stability of periodic traveling wave solutions to dispersive PDEs with respect to `arbitrary' perturbations is still widely open. The focus is put here on stability with respect to perturbations of the same period as the wave, for KdV-like systems of one-dimensional Hamiltonian PDEs. Stability criteria are derived and investigated first in a general abstract framework, and then applied to three basic examples that are very closely related, and ubiquitous in mathematical physics, namely, a quasilinear version of the generalized Korteweg--de Vries equation (qKdV), and the Euler--Korteweg system in both Eulerian coordinates (EKE) and in mass Lagrangian coordinates (EKL). Those criteria consist of a necessary condition for spectral stability, and of a sufficient condition for orbital stability. Both are expressed in terms of a single function, the abbreviated action integral along the orbits of waves in the phase plane, which is the counterpart of the solitary waves moment of instability introduced by Boussinesq. Regarding solitary waves, the celebrated Grillakis--Shatah--Strauss stability criteria amount to looking for the sign of the second derivative of the moment of instability with respect to the wave speed. For periodic waves, the most striking results obtained here can be summarized as: an odd value for the difference between N -- the size of the PDE system -- and the negative signature of the Hessian of the action implies spectral instability, whereas a negative signature of the same Hessian being equal to N implies orbital stability. Since these stability criteria are merely encoded by the negative signature of matrices, they can at least be checked numerically. Various numerical experiments are presented, which clearly discriminate between stable cases and unstable cases for (qKdV), (EKE) and (EKL).
Support vector machine for dynamic survival prediction with time-dependent covariates
Creators: name: Wang, Yuanjia
name: Xie, Wenyi
name: Zeng, Donglin
Publisher: name: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Year: 2024

description: Predicting time-to-event outcomes using time-dependent covariates is a
challenging problem. Many machine learning approaches, such as tree-based
methods and support vector regression, predominantly utilize only baseline
covariates. Only a few methods can incorporate time-dependent covariates,
but they often lack theoretical justification. In this paper we present a new
framework for event time prediction, leveraging the support vector machines
to forecast the associated counting processes. Utilizing the kernel trick, we
accommodate nonlinear functions in both time and covariate spaces. Subsequently,
we use a chain algorithm to predict future events. Theoretical analysis
proves that our method is equivalent to comparing time-varying hazard
rates among at-risk subjects, and we obtain the convergence rate of the resulting
prediction loss. Through simulation studies and a case study on Huntington’s
disease, we demonstrate the superior performance of our approach
compared to alternative methods based on machine learning, deep learning,
and statistical models.
Cosmological Evolution of Long Gamma-ray Bursts and Star Formation Rate
Creators: name: Petrosian, Vahe'
name: Kitanidis, Ellie
name: Kocevski, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by virtue of their high luminosities can be detected up to very high redshifts and therefore can be excellent probes of the early universe. This task is hampered by the fact that most of their characteristics have a broad range so that we first need to obtain an accurate description of the distribution of these characteristics, and specially, their cosmological evolution. We use a sample of about 200 \swift long GRBs with known redshift to determine the luminosity and formation rate evolutions and the general shape of the luminosity function. In contrast to most other forward fitting methods of treating this problem we use the Efron Petrosian methods which allow a non-parametric determination of above quantities. We find a relatively strong luminosity evolution, a luminosity function that can be fitted to a broken power law, and an unusually high rate of formation rate at low redshifts, a rate more than one order of magnitude higher than the star formation rate (SFR). On the other hand, our results seem to agree with the almost constant SFR in redshifts 1 to 3 and the decline above this redshift.
description: 12 pages, six figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Pro-environmental behaviors and well-being in everyday life
Creators: name: Laffan, Kate
name: Weber, Till O.
name: Fredrickson, Barbara
name: Prinzing, Michael
name: Lades, Leonhard K.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Individual and household behaviors are key targets for climate change mitigation efforts, and studies suggest that people who enact more pro-environmental behaviors tend to experience higher levels of well-being. Yet these studies have typically used coarse-grained, retrospective reports that offer limited insight into the immediate impacts of specific behaviors. In three studies (total N = 8,522 observations, N = 1,353 US and UK participants) we adopted a highly fine-grained approach. Using the day reconstruction method, we zoomed in on particular moments in everyday life to examine links between specific behaviors and different aspects of well-being. This revealed generally positive associations, but also substantial variation. Pro-environmental behaviors are more closely and consistently associated with positive and especially “eudaimonic” dimensions of well-being. And more active, effortful, and social behaviors tended to show stronger positive associations. Although the relationships between pro-environmental behaviors and well-being are considerably more complex than prior research has indicated, these findings continue to suggest that ecological and individual well-being can be pursued in tandem.
On the Trade-Off between Actionable Explanations and the Right to be Forgotten
Creators: name: Pawelczyk, Martin
name: Leemann, Tobias
name: Biega, Asia
name: Kasneci, Gjergji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As machine learning (ML) models are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes applications, policymakers have suggested tighter data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA). One key principle is the "right to be forgotten" which gives users the right to have their data deleted. Another key principle is the right to an actionable explanation, also known as algorithmic recourse, allowing users to reverse unfavorable decisions. To date, it is unknown whether these two principles can be operationalized simultaneously. Therefore, we introduce and study the problem of recourse invalidation in the context of data deletion requests. More specifically, we theoretically and empirically analyze the behavior of popular state-of-the-art algorithms and demonstrate that the recourses generated by these algorithms are likely to be invalidated if a small number of data deletion requests (e.g., 1 or 2) warrant updates of the predictive model. For the setting of differentiable models, we suggest a framework to identify a minimal subset of critical training points which, when removed, maximize the fraction of invalidated recourses. Using our framework, we empirically show that the removal of as little as 2 data instances from the training set can invalidate up to 95 percent of all recourses output by popular state-of-the-art algorithms. Thus, our work raises fundamental questions about the compatibility of "the right to an actionable explanation" in the context of the "right to be forgotten", while also providing constructive insights on the determining factors of recourse robustness.
description: ICLR 2023 camera ready version
A Phosphomimetic Mutation Stabilizes SOD1 and Rescues Cell Viability in the Context of an ALS-Associated Mutation
Creators: name: Ke, Hengming
name: Cui, Wenjun
name: Tao, Yazhong
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Fay, James M.
name: Proctor, Elizabeth A.
name: Zhu, Cheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The majority of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related mutations in the enzyme Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), as well as a post-translational modification, glutathionylation, destabilize the protein and lead to a misfolded oligomer that is toxic to motor neurons. The biophysical role of another physiological SOD1 modification, T2-phosphorylation, has remained a mystery. Here, we find that a phosphomimetic mutation, T2D, thermodynamically stabilizes SOD1 even in the context of a strongly SOD1-destabilizing mutation, A4V, one of the most prevalent and aggressive ALS-associated mutations in North America. This stabilization protects against formation of toxic SOD oligomers and positively impacts motor neuron survival in cellular assays. We solve the crystal structure of T2D-SOD1 and explain its stabilization effect using discrete molecular dynamics (DMD) simulations. These findings imply that T2-phosphorylation may be a plausible innate cellular protection response against SOD1-induced cytotoxicity, and stabilizing the SOD1 native conformation might offer us viable pharmaceutical strategies against currently incurable ALS.
Role of the cathode chamber in microbial electrosynthesis: A comprehensive review of key factors
Creators: name: Qi, Xiaoyan
name: Wang, Xiaolei
name: Gao, Xinyu
name: Liu, Ruijun
name: Wang, Xia
name: Cai, Ting
name: Zhang, Lei
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: The consumption of non-renewable fossil fuels has directly contributed to a dramatic rise in global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, posing an ongoing threat to the ecological security of the Earth. Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is an innovative energy regeneration strategy that offers a gentle and efficient approach to converting CO2 into high-value products. The cathode chamber is a vital component of an MES system and its internal factors play crucial roles in improving the performance of the MES system. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the key factors related to the cathode chamber in the MES system. The topics covered include inward extracellular electron transfer pathways, cathode materials, applied cathode potentials, catholyte pH, and reactor configuration. In addition, this review analyzes and discusses the challenges and promising avenues for improving the conversion of CO2 into high-value products via MES.
Continuous and atlas-free analysis of brain structural connectivity
Creators: name: Consagra, William
name: Qiu, Xing
name: Cole, Martin
name: Zhang, Zhengwu
Publisher: name: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Year: 2024

description: Brain structural networks are often represented as discrete adjacency matrices with elements summarizing the connectivity between pairs of regions of interest (ROIs). These ROIs are typically determined a priori using a brain atlas. The choice of atlas is often arbitrary and can lead to a loss of important connectivity information at the sub-ROI level. This work introduces an atlas-free framework that overcomes these issues by modeling brain connectivity using smooth random functions. In particular, we assume that the observed pattern of white matter fiber tract endpoints is driven by a latent random function defined over a product manifold domain. To facilitate statistical analysis of these high-dimensional functional data objects, we develop a novel algorithm to construct a data-driven reduced-rank function space that offers a desirable trade-off between computational complexity and flexibility. Using real data from the Human Connectome Project, we show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches that use the traditional atlas-based structural connectivity representation on a variety of connectivity analysis tasks. We further demonstrate how our method can be used to detect localized regions and connectivity patterns associated with group differences.
Friction laws from dimensional-analysis point of view
Creators: name: Hatano, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Friction laws, which are a key to the understanding of the diversity of earthquakes, are considered theoretically. Using dimensional analysis, the logarithmic dependence of the friction coefficient on the slip velocity and the state variable is derived without any knowledge of the underlying physical processes on the frictional surface. This is based on a simple assumption that the friction coefficient is expressed as the difference from a reference state. Therefore, the functional form of the rate and state dependent friction law itself does not necessarily mean that thermal activation processes dominate friction. It is also shown that, if there are two (or more) state variables having the same dimension, we need not assume the logarithmic dependence on the state variables.
Cyclical long memory: Decoupling, modulation, and modeling
Creators: name: Pipiras, Vladas
name: Zoubouloglou, Pavlos
name: Kechagias, Stefanos
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: A new model for general cyclical long memory is introduced, by means of random modulation of certain bivariate long memory time series. This construction essentially decouples the two key features of cyclical long memory: quasi-periodicity and long-term persistence. It further allows for a general cyclical phase in cyclical long memory time series. Several choices for suitable bivariate long memory series are discussed, including a parametric fractionally integrated vector ARMA model. The parametric models introduced in this work have explicit autocovariance functions that can be readily used in simulation, estimation, and other tasks.
Computationally Designed Bispecific Antibodies using Negative State Repertoires
Creators: name: Lu, Frances
name: Huang, Flora
name: Froning, Karen J.
name: Hassanali, Saleema
name: Aldaz, Hector
name: Chamberlain, Aaron K.
name: Atwell, Shane
name: Pustilnik, Anna
name: Demarest, Stephen J.
name: Fitchett, Jonathan R.
name: Leaver-Fay, Andrew
name: Kuhlman, Brian
name: Yuan, Richard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: A challenge in the structure-based design of specificity is modeling the negative states, i.e., the complexes that you do not want to form. This is a difficult problem because mutations predicted to destabilize the negative state might be accommodated by small conformational rearrangements. To overcome this challenge, we employ an iterative strategy that cycles between sequence design and protein docking in order to build up an ensemble of alternative negative state conformations for use in specificity prediction. We have applied our technique to the design of heterodimeric CH3 interfaces in the Fc region of antibodies. Combining computationally and rationally designed mutations produced unique designs with heterodimer purities greater than 90%. Asymmetric Fc crystallization was able to resolve the interface mutations; the heterodimer structures confirmed that the interfaces formed as designed. With these CH3 mutations, and those made at the heavy-/light-chain interface, we demonstrate one-step synthesis of four fully IgG-bispecific antibodies.
A flexible model for correlated count data, with application to multicondition differential expression analyses of single-cell RNA sequencing data
Creators: name: Chevrier, Nicolas
name: Liu, Yusha
name: Gruenbaum, Adam
name: Xie, Dongyue
name: Stephens, Matthew
name: Takahama, Michihiro
name: Carbonetto, Peter
Publisher: name: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Year: 2024

description: Detecting differences in gene expression is an important part of single-cell RNA sequencing
experiments, and many statistical methods have been developed for this aim. Most differential
expression analyses focus on comparing expression between two groups (e.g., treatment vs.
control). But there is increasing interest in multi-condition differential expression analyses in
which expression is measured in many conditions and the aim is to accurately detect and estimate
expression differences in all conditions. We show that directly modeling single-cell RNA-seq
counts in all conditions simultaneously, while also inferring how expression differences are shared
across conditions, leads to greatly improved performance for detecting and estimating expression
differences compared to existing methods. We illustrate the potential of this new approach by
analyzing data from a single-cell experiment studying the effects of cytokine stimulation on
gene expression. We call our new method “Poisson multivariate adaptive shrinkage”, and it is
implemented in an R package available at https://github.com/stephenslab/poisson.mash.
alpha.
Programmable photonic integrated meshes for modular generation of optical entanglement links
Creators: name: Dong, Mark
name: Zimmermann, Matthew
name: Heim, David
name: Choi, Hyeongrak
name: Clark, Genevieve
name: Leenheer, Andrew J.
name: Palm, Kevin J.
name: Witte, Alex
name: Dominguez, Daniel
name: Gilbert, Gerald
name: Eichenfield, Matt
name: Englund, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale generation of quantum entanglement between individually controllable qubits is at the core of quantum computing, communications, and sensing. Modular architectures of remotely-connected quantum technologies have been proposed for a variety of physical qubits, with demonstrations reported in atomic and all-photonic systems. However, an open challenge in these architectures lies in constructing high-speed and high-fidelity reconfigurable photonic networks for optically-heralded entanglement among target qubits. Here we introduce a programmable photonic integrated circuit (PIC), realized in a piezo-actuated silicon nitride (SiN)-in-oxide CMOS-compatible process, that implements an N x N Mach-Zehnder mesh (MZM) capable of high-speed execution of linear optical transformations. The visible-spectrum photonic integrated mesh is programmed to generate optical connectivity on up to N = 8 inputs for a range of optically-heralded entanglement protocols. In particular, we experimentally demonstrated optical connections between 16 independent pairwise mode couplings through the MZM, with optical transformation fidelities averaging 0.991 +/- 0.0063. The PIC's reconfigurable optical connectivity suffices for the production of 8-qubit resource states as building blocks of larger topological cluster states for quantum computing. Our programmable PIC platform enables the fast and scalable optical switching technology necessary for network-based quantum information processors.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 6 supplementary figures
ATLAS Z Excess in Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Creators: name: Lu, Xiaochuan
name: Shirai, Satoshi
name: Terada, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the ATLAS collaboration reported a 3 sigma excess in the search for the events containing a dilepton pair from a Z boson and large missing transverse energy. Although the excess is not sufficiently significant yet, it is quite tempting to explain this excess by a well-motivated model beyond the standard model. In this paper we study a possibility of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) for this excess. Especially, we focus on the MSSM spectrum where the sfermions are heavier than the gauginos and Higgsinos. We show that the excess can be explained by the reasonable MSSM mass spectrum.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures; published version
Stochastic parametric excitation of convective heat transfer
Creators: name: Permyakova, Evelina V.
name: Goldobin, Denis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the parametric excitation of the free thermal convection in a horizontal layer and a rectangular cell by random vertical vibrations. The mathematical formulation we use allows one to explore the cases of heating from below and above and the lowgravity conditions. The excitation threshold of the second moments of the current velocity and the temperature perturbations is derived. The heat flux through the system quantified by the Nusselt number is reported to be related to the second moment of temperature perturbations; therefore, the threshold of the stochastic excitation of second moments gives the threshold for the excitation of the convective heat transfer. Comparison of the stochastic parametric excitation to the effect of high-frequency periodic modulation reveals dramatic dissimilarity between the two.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
A Structural Model for Vinculin Insertion into PIP 2 -Containing Membranes and the Effect of Insertion on Vinculin Activation and Localization
Creators: name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Waterman, Clare M.
name: Pershad, Mihir
name: Tolbert, Caitlin E.
name: Ramachandran, Srinivas
name: Tandon, Arpit
name: Thompson, Peter M.
name: Case, Lindsay B.
name: Campbell, Sharon L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Vinculin, a scaffolding protein that localizes to focal adhesions (FAs) and adherens junctions, links the actin cytoskeleton to the adhesive super-structure. While vinculin binds to a number of cytoskeletal proteins, it can also associate with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to drive membrane association. To generate a structural model for PIP2-dependent interaction of vinculin with the lipid bilayer, we conducted lipid-association, nuclear magnetic resonance, and computational modeling experiments. We find that two basic patches on the vinculin tail drive membrane association: the basic collar specifically recognizes PIP2, while the basic ladder drives association with the lipid bilayer. Vinculin mutants with defects in PIP2-dependent liposome association were then expressed in vinculin knockout murine embryonic fibroblasts. Results from these analyses indicate that PIP2 binding is not required for localization of vinculin to FAs or FA strengthening, but is required for vinculin activation and turnover at FAs to promote its association with the force transduction FA nanodomain.
Diluted equilibrium sterile neutrino dark matter
Creators: name: Patwardhan, Amol V.
name: Fuller, George M.
name: Kishimoto, Chad T.
name: Kusenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model where sterile neutrinos with rest masses in the range ~ keV to ~ MeV can be the dark matter and be consistent with all laboratory, cosmological, large-scale structure, as well as x-ray constraints. These sterile neutrinos are assumed to freeze out of thermal and chemical equilibrium with matter and radiation in the very early Universe, prior to an epoch of prodigious entropy generation ("dilution") from out-of-equilibrium decay of heavy particles. In this work, we consider heavy, entropy-producing particles in the ~ TeV to ~ EeV rest-mass range, possibly associated with new physics at high-energy scales. The process of dilution can give the sterile neutrinos the appropriate relic densities, but it also alters their energy spectra so that they could act like cold dark matter, despite relatively low rest masses as compared to conventional dark matter candidates. Moreover, since the model does not rely on active-sterile mixing for producing the relic density, the mixing angles can be small enough to evade current x-ray or lifetime constraints. Nevertheless, we discuss how future x-ray observations, future lepton number constraints, and future observations and sophisticated simulations of large-scale structure could, in conjunction, provide evidence for this model and/or constrain and probe its parameters.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. v2: changes in text and figures; matches published version
Housing amenity and affordability shape floodplain development
Creators: name: Samoray, Christopher
name: Mach, Katharine J.
name: Siders, A.R.
name: Hino, Miyuki
name: Agopian, Armen
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Flood damage has severe and long-term repercussions for households and communities, and continued housing development in floodplains escalates damages over time. Policies and interventions to reduce damage depend on assumptions about housing stock and residents, but assessments of flood exposure to date largely focus on community-scale characteristics at a single point in time, masking potential within-community differences and their evolution through time. We measure residential development in the floodplain nationwide over time to characterize the type and value of U.S. floodplain housing stock and to assess how new development contributes to flood exposure. Over 4M U.S. residences built from 1700 to 2019 (4.8% of all residences built during that time) are located within current regulatory floodplains. These residences are concentrated at the affordable and expensive extremes of the housing value spectrum, reflecting deep differences in the social vulnerability of floodplain residents. Floodplain housing stock often differs substantially from the local market, with coastal floodplains containing relatively expensive housing and inland floodplains containing relatively affordable housing. New housing development has not occurred equally across these contexts. In the past two decades, more floodplain development has occurred in communities with relatively expensive floodplain housing, and mobile home construction in floodplains has slowed. The bifurcated patterns in floodplain housing, across values and geographies, demonstrate the importance of considering the specific population at risk and how it may differ from the broader community when tailoring flood risk management approaches.
Equitable Care for Patients With Disabilities: Considerations for the Gynecologic Health Care Professional
Creators: name: Talati, Asha
name: Ayers, Kara
name: Kuppermann, Miriam
name: Michie, Marsha
name: Meredith, Stephanie
name: Stoll, Katie
name: Dolan, Siobhan
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2024

description: The recent article by Barbera et al in
the April 2024 issue offers important
practical guidance for clinicians to provide
more competent gynecologic care
for patients with disabilities.
Creating spatially complete zoning maps using machine learning
Creators: name: Meentemeyer, Ross K.
name: Lawrimore, Margaret A.
name: BenDor, Todd K.
name: Cothron, Cayla
name: Tulbure, Mirela G.
name: Sanchez, Georgina M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Zoning regulates land use and intensity of urban development at the county and municipal level in the United States, promoting economic growth, community health, and environmental preservation. However, limited availability of zoning data at scale hinders regional assessments of regulations and coordinated resilience planning efforts. In this study, we developed an open-source, replicable, and transferable framework to predict spatially complete zoning in areas where zoning information is publicly unavailable. We applied a Hierarchical Random Forest algorithm to predict multilevel zoning districts, including three core districts (residential, non-residential, mixed use) and 13 sub-districts. To mimic real-world data accessibility challenges, we evaluated two models: one filling gaps within a county (within-county) and the other extrapolating for counties with no available data (between-county). We tested our models statewide in North Carolina (NC), USA, and developed the State's first comprehensive zoning map. We found strong predictive performance for our within-county model (∼99% accuracy; macro averaged F1 score of ∼0.97) irrespective of district breakdown (i.e., core and sub). However, our between-county model performance was lower and varied depending on the training counties sampled and the district breakdown considered (19–90% accuracy; macro averaged F1 score of 0.105–0.451). Our framework provides spatially complete zoning maps for previously inaccessible locations, enabling researchers and planners to conduct large-scale comprehensive zoning assessments.
Comparative Study of the Use of Insect Meal from Spodoptera littoralis and Bactrocera zonata for Feeding Japanese Quail Chicks
Creators: name: Sayed, Waheed A.A.
name: Ibrahim, Nashaat S.
name: Hatab, Mahmoud H.
name: Zhu, Fen
name: Rumpold, Birgit A.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)
subject: biochemical analysis
subject: edible insects
subject: feed insects
subject: insect meals
subject: feeding trial
subject: poultry feed
subject: soy replacement
subject: sustainable feed

description: A transformation of current livestock production towards a more sustainable operation is crucial to face nutritional and environmental challenges. There is an urgent demand for more sustainable high-quality feed sources to reduce environmental costs. Insects pose a potential alternative since they can be reared sustainably on food and feed residues. Know-how in mass rearing already exists for insect species used in biological pest control, such as the African cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and the peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata. The impact of a replacement of 50% of soybean meal by S. littoralis and B. zonata meal, respectively, on seven-days-old Japanese quail chicks was investigated in feeding trials. Concomitantly, the chemical compositions of the two insect meals and soybean meal were determined and compared. It was observed that the insect meals had higher protein and fat contents, lower carbohydrate contents and contained more saturated fatty acids than soybean meal. They also had higher methionine, and S. littoralis had a higher lysine content. Feeding trials resulted in improved growth, feed performance parameters, carcass characteristics, and biochemical indices for both insect meals. Consequently, both insect meals represent a promising alternative to soy in the feed of Japanese quail chicks.
Primary care quality and provider disparities in China: a standardized-patient-based study
Creators: name: Duan, Zhijie
name: Cao, Yiming
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Zhang, Zhang
name: Wang, Jian
name: Song, Shuyi
name: Sylvia, Sean
name: Huang, Mian
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Background Primary health care is the foundation of high-performing health systems. Achieving an improved primary care system requires a thorough understanding of the current quality of care among various providers within the system. As the world's largest developing country, China has made significant investments in primary care over the past decade. This study evaluates the quality of primary care across different provider types in China, offering in-sights for enhancing China's primary care system. Methods We merged data from four standardized patient (SP) research projects to compare the quality of five major primary care providers in China: rural clinics, county hospitals, migrant clinics, urban community health cen-ters (CHCs), and online platforms. We evaluated quality of care across process quality (e.g., checklist completion), diagnosis quality (e.g., diagnostic accuracy), and case management (e.g., correct medication), employing multiple regression analyses to explore quality differences by provider type, and their associations with physician characteristics. Findings We document a poor quality of primary care in China, with no-table disparities across different providers. CHCs emerge as relatively reliable primary care providers in terms of process quality, diagnostic accuracy, and cor-rect medication prescriptions. Online platforms outpace rural clinics, county hospitals, and migrant clinics in many areas, showcasing their potential to en-hance access to quality healthcare resources in under-resourced rural regions. We observe a positive association between the qualifications of physicians and the quality of primary care, underscoring the necessity for a greater presence of more highly qualified practitioners. Interpretation Primary care quality in China varies greatly among providers, reflecting inequalities in healthcare access. While online platforms indicate po-tential for improving care in under-resourced areas, their high referral rates suggest they cannot completely substitute traditional care. The findings em-phasize the need for more qualified practitioners and stringent regulation to enhance care quality and reduce unnecessary treatments. Funding No founders had a role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. We have acknowledged this in the revised manuscript.
Non-Markovian dynamics in open quantum systems
Creators: name: Breuer, Heinz-Peter
name: Laine, Elsi-Mari
name: Piilo, Jyrki
name: Vacchini, Bassano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical behavior of open quantum systems plays a key role in many applications of quantum mechanics, examples ranging from fundamental problems, such as the environment-induced decay of quantum coherence and relaxation in many-body systems, to applications in condensed matter theory, quantum transport, quantum chemistry and quantum information. In close analogy to a classical Markov process, the interaction of an open quantum system with a noisy environment is often modelled by a dynamical semigroup with a generator in Lindblad form, which describes a memoryless dynamics leading to an irreversible loss of characteristic quantum features. However, in many applications open systems exhibit pronounced memory effects and a revival of genuine quantum properties such as quantum coherence and correlations. Here, recent results on the rich non-Markovian quantum dynamics of open systems are discussed, paying particular attention to the rigorous mathematical definition, to the physical interpretation and classification, as well as to the quantification of memory effects. The general theory is illustrated by a series of examples. The analysis reveals that memory effects of the open system dynamics reflect characteristic features of the environment which opens a new perspective for applications, namely to exploit a small open system as a quantum probe signifying nontrivial features of the environment it is interacting with. This article further explores the various physical sources of non-Markovian quantum dynamics, such as structured spectral densities, nonlocal correlations between environmental degrees of freedom and correlations in the initial system-environment state, in addition to developing schemes for their local detection. Recent experiments on the detection, quantification and control of non-Markovian quantum dynamics are also discussed.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures
Concealed carry
Creators: name: Gavazzoni, Federico
name: Croce, Mariano M.
name: Colacito, Riccardo
name: Andrews, Spencer
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: The slope carry takes a long (short) position in the long-term bonds of countries with steeper (flatter) yield curves. The traditional carry takes a long (short) position in countries with high (low) short-term rates. We document that: (i) the slope carry return is slightly negative (strongly positive) in the pre (post) 2008 period, whereas it is concealed over longer samples; (ii) the traditional carry return is lower post-2008; and (iii) expected global growth and inflation declined post-2008. We connect these findings through an equilibrium model in which countries feature heterogeneous exposure to news shocks about global output and global inflation.
Grouping-matrix based Graph Pooling with Adaptive Number of Clusters
Creators: name: Ko, Sung Moon
name: Cho, Sungjun
name: Jeong, Dae-Woong
name: Han, Sehui
name: Lee, Moontae
name: Lee, Honglak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph pooling is a crucial operation for encoding hierarchical structures within graphs. Most existing graph pooling approaches formulate the problem as a node clustering task which effectively captures the graph topology. Conventional methods ask users to specify an appropriate number of clusters as a hyperparameter, then assume that all input graphs share the same number of clusters. In inductive settings where the number of clusters can vary, however, the model should be able to represent this variation in its pooling layers in order to learn suitable clusters. Thus we propose GMPool, a novel differentiable graph pooling architecture that automatically determines the appropriate number of clusters based on the input data. The main intuition involves a grouping matrix defined as a quadratic form of the pooling operator, which induces use of binary classification probabilities of pairwise combinations of nodes. GMPool obtains the pooling operator by first computing the grouping matrix, then decomposing it. Extensive evaluations on molecular property prediction tasks demonstrate that our method outperforms conventional methods.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Teaching Critical Thinking
Creators: name: Holmes, N. G.
name: Wieman, Carl E.
name: Bonn, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to make decisions based on data, with its inherent uncertainties and variability, is a complex and vital skill in the modern world. The need for such quantitative critical thinking occurs in many different contexts, and while it is an important goal of education, that goal is seldom being achieved. We argue that the key element for developing this ability is repeated practice in making decisions based on data, with feedback on those decisions. We demonstrate a structure for providing suitable practice that can be applied in any instructional setting that involves the acquisition of data and relating that data to scientific models. This study reports the results of applying that structure in an introductory physics lab course. Students in an experimental condition were repeatedly instructed to make and act on quantitative comparisons between datasets, and between data and models, an approach that is common to all science disciplines. These instructions were slowly faded across the course. After the instructions had been removed, students in the experimental condition were 12 times more likely to spontaneously propose or make changes to improve their experimental methods than a control group, who performed traditional experimental activities. They were also four times more likely to identify and explain a limitation of a physical model using their data. Students in the experimental condition also showed much more sophisticated reasoning about their data. These differences between the groups were seen to persist into a subsequent course taken the following year.
description: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2015)
D1.3 Public Innovation Concept
Creators: name: SmashHit Consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: smashHit concept
smashHit innovation concept
consent
GDPR

description: Public Report D1.3 Public Innovation Concept. Welcome to our smashHit Public Innovation Concept. From the very first, we were absolutely convinced that the growing Data Economy has to become more attractive for its key stakeholders (data owners, data providers and data processors) to overcome existing barriers, as e.g. the complicated and time-consuming consent/contract processes, hindering to build-up innovative services using data from multiple sources. In this report you will find some more details about the smashHit system concept as a whole, leading from today’s constraints in consent/contract processes to how smashHit will face those challenges with its innovative trusted and secure system concept.
description: This document comprises the smashHit innovation concept as a whole, leading from today's constraints in consent/contract processes to how smashHit will face those challenges with its innovative trusted and secure system concept.
Strong Coupling Effects on the Specific Heat of an Ultracold Fermi Gas in the Unitarity Limit
Creators: name: van Wyk, Pieter
name: Tajima, Hiroyuki
name: Hanai, Ryo
name: Ohashi, Yoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate strong-coupling corrections to the specific heat $C_V$ in the normal state of an ultracold Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover region. A recent experiment on a $^6$Li unitary Fermi gas [M. J. H. Ku, {\it et. al.}, Science {\bf 335}, 563 (2012)] shows that $C_V$ is remarkably amplified near the superfluid phase transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$, being similar to the well-known $λ$-structure observed in liquid $^4$He. Including pairing fluctuations within the framework of the strong-coupling theory developed by Nozières and Schmitt-Rink, we show that strong pairing fluctuations are sufficient to explain the anomalous behavior of $C_V$ observed in a $^6$Li unitary Fermi gas near $T_{\rm c}$. We also show that there is no contribution from {\it stable} preformed Cooper pairs to $C_V$ at the unitarity. This indicates that the origin of the observed anomaly is fundamentally different from the case of liquid $^{4}$He, where {\it stable} $^4$He Bose atoms induce the $λ$-structure in $C_V$ near the superfluid instability. Instead, the origin is the suppression of the entropy $S$, near $T_{\rm c}$, due to the increase of {\it metastable} preformed Cooper pairs. Our results indicate that the specific heat is a useful quantity to study the effects of pairing fluctuations on the thermodynamic properties of an ultracold Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover region.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Attacks Intended to Seriously Harm and Co-occurring Drug Use Among Youth in the United States
Creators: name: Clark Goings, Trenette
name: Vaughn, Michael G.
name: Salas-Wright, Christopher P.
name: Fu, Qiang
name: Reingle Gonzalez, Jennifer M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: While it is known that substance use and violence co-occur, less is understood in terms of how this relationship might vary based on the degree of youth involvement in violence.
Mineralization kinetics of biosiliceous sediments in hot subseafloors
Creators: name: Schubert, Florian
name: Lizarralde, Daniel
name: Aiello, Ivano W.
name: Jiang, Shijun
name: Singh, S. Khogenkumar
name: Yamanaka, Toshiro
name: Kim, Ji-Hoon
name: Ash, Jeanine L.
name: Neumann, Florian
name: Koornneef, Louise M.T.
name: Peña-Salinas, Manet E.
name: Toffin, Laurent
name: Marsaglia, Kathleen M.
name: Zhuang, Guangchao
name: Teske, Andreas P.
name: Morono, Yuki
name: Höfig, Tobias W.
name: Ran, Lihua
name: Bojanova, Diana P.
name: Riboulleau, Armelle
name: Gontharet, Swanne
name: Stock, Joann M.
name: Xie, Wei
name: Buatier, Martine D.
name: Meyer, Nicolette R.
name: Heuer, Verena B.
name: Galerne, Christophe Y.
name: Pérez-Cruz, Ligia L.
name: Sarao, John A.
name: Edgcomb, Virginia P.
name: Negrete-Aranda, Raquel
name: Pastor, Lucie C.
name: Kars, Myriam A.C.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Temperature affects the timing of the transformation of amorphous silica (opal-A) into crystalline (opal-CT) exponentially. Thus, in hot subseafloor environments opal-A is expected to convert into opal-CT at relatively shallow burial depths, where in situ temperatures do not exceed ∼56 °C, as it has been previously observed at various deep-sea sites and in onshore rock outcrops as well as assessed during lab experiments. The response of biosilica (biogenic opal-A) diagenesis to steep geothermal gradients (∼224–529 °C/km) at extremely high sedimentation rates (∼1 m/kyr) was examined in cores from off-axis boreholes drilled by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 385 in the actively spreading, intrusive sill-riddled Guaymas Basin at the Gulf of California (Mexico) rifted margin. At three sites drilled by IODP Expedition 385 (U1545, U1546, and U1547), the conversion from amorphous opal (−A) to crystalline opal (−CT) occurs in relatively deep (up to ∼330 mbsf) and unexpectedly hot (in situ temperatures of ∼74–79 °C) subseafloor conditions. This observation indicates a significantly slower reaction kinetics of biosilica transformation than previously reported. A compilation of empirical data that include biosiliceous basins with a similarly hot subseafloor (Sea of Japan and Bering Sea) yield new kinetic parameters that account for the slower rates of silica transformation. Thus, current kinetic models for the prediction of opal-A to −CT conversion face limitations when burial rates exceed those typical of biogenic sedimentation in open-ocean conditions. At Guaymas Basin Site U1545, where there is no evidence of sill-related metamorphic overprint, the d-spacing of the opal-CT (101) peak correlates linearly with in situ temperature between ∼75 and 110 °C throughout the opal-CT zone, thus, providing a local silica paleothermometry proxy that can be used to calculate the maximum temperature to which opal-CT sediment has been subjected.
Anorexia Nervosa, Major Depression, and Suicide Attempts: Shared Genetic Factors
Creators: name: Bulik, Cynthia M.
name: Thornton, Laura M.
name: Welch, Elisabeth
name: Lichtenstein, Paul
name: Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: We evaluated the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influenced anorexia nervosa (AN), major depressive disorder (MDD), and suicide attempts (SA). Participants were 6,899 women from the Swedish Twin study of Adults Genes and Environment. A Cholesky decomposition assessed independent and overlapping genetic and environmental contributions to AN, MDD, and SA. Genetic factors accounted for a substantial amount of liability to all three traits; unique environmental factors accounted for most of the remaining liability. Shared genetic factors may underlie the co-expression of these traits. Results underscore the importance of assessing for signs of suicide among individuals with AN.