cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraining CSL strength parameter $λ$ from standard cosmology and spectral distortions of CMBR
Creators: name: Lochan, Kinjalk
name: Das, Suratna
name: Bassi, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of spontaneous wave function collapse modify the linear Schrödinger equation of standard Quantum Mechanics by adding stochastic non-linear terms to it. The aim of such models is to describe the quantum (linear) nature of microsystems along with the classical nature (violation of superposition principle) of macroscopic ones. The addition of such non-linear terms in the Schrödinger equation leads to non-conservation of energy of the system under consideration. Thus, a striking feature of collapse models is to heat non-relativistic particles with a constant rate. If such a process is physical, then it has the ability to perturb the well-understood thermal history of the universe. In this article we will try to investigate the impacts of such heating terms on standard evolution of non-relativistic matter and on the formation of CMBR. We will use the CSL model, the most widely used collapse model. We will also put constraints on the CSL collapse rate $λ$ by considering that the standard evolution of non-relativistic matter is not hampered and the observed precise blackbody spectrum of CMBR would not get distorted (in the form of $μ-$type and $y-$type distortions) so as to violate the observed bounds.
description: v2: 27 pages, RevTeX4.1, references added, modification in Sec III, main conclusion unchanged, To appear in Physical Review D
Amateur Footage: A Global Study of User-Generated Content
Creators: name: Wardle, Claire
name: Dubberley, Sam
name: Brown, Peter D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Methodology
Broadcast journalism
Social media

description: Aim of Research The aim of this research is to provide the first comprehensive report about the use of user-generated content (UGC) among broadcast news channels. Its objectives are to understand how much UGC is used on air and online by these channels, why editors and journalists choose to use it, and under what conditions it is employed. The study intends to provide a holistic understanding of the use of UGC by international broadcast news channels. Methodology This research was carried out in two phases. The first involved an in-depth, quantitative content analysis examining when and how eight international news broadcasters use UGC. For this part of the research we analyzed a total of 1,164 hours of TV output and 2,254 Web pages, coding them according to parameters intended to answer the research questions. The second phase of the research was entirely qualitative. It was designed to build upon the first phase by providing a detailed overview of the professional practices that underpin the collection, verification, and distribution of UGC. To achieve this we conducted 64 interviews with news managers, editors, and journalists from 38 news organizations based in 24 countries around the world. This report brings together both phases of the research to provide a detailed overview of the key findings.
Impact of an Urban Sanitation Intervention on Enteric Pathogen Detection in Soils
Creators: name: Levy, Karen
name: Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T.
name: Capone, Drew
name: Brown, Joe
name: Nalá, Rassul
name: Knee, Jackie
name: Risk, Benjamin B.
name: Holcomb, David
name: Berendes, David
name: Cumming, Oliver
name: Stewart, Jill
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Year: 2021

description:
Environmental fecal contamination is common in many low-income cities, contributing to a high burden of enteric infections and associated negative sequelae. To evaluate the impact of a shared onsite sanitation intervention in Maputo, Mozambique on enteric pathogens in the domestic environment, we collected 179 soil samples at shared latrine entrances from intervention (n = 49) and control (n = 51) compounds during baseline (preintervention) and after 24 months (postintervention) as part of the Maputo Sanitation Trial. We tested soils for the presence of nucleic acids associated with 18 enteric pathogens using a multiplex reverse transcription qPCR platform. We detected at least one pathogen-associated gene target in 91% (163/179) of soils and a median of 3 (IQR = 1, 5) pathogens. Using a difference-in-difference analysis and adjusting for compound population, visibly wet soil, sun exposure, wealth, temperature, animal presence, and visible feces, we estimate the intervention reduced the probability of detecting ≥1 pathogen gene by 15% (adjusted prevalence ratio, aPR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.0) and the total number of pathogens by 35% (aPR = 0.65; 0.44, 0.95) in soil 24 months following the intervention. These results suggest that the intervention reduced the presence of some fecal contamination in the domestic environment, but pathogen detection remained prevalent 24 months following the introduction of new latrines.
Assessing Institutional Dynamics of Governance Compliance in Emerging Markets: The GCC Real Estate Sector
Creators: name: Pillai, R
name: Al-Malkawi, HAN
name: Bhatti, Ishaq
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services

description: The real estate sector has emerged as the bedrock of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies, and it has remained resilient despite the various unprecedented micro- and macro-economic shocks devouring the world’s economies. However, wavering investor attitudes and minimal exposure to real estate investment vehicles, coupled with weak regulatory frameworks, have led to dramatic downturns in the sector. Transparency about what is happening in real estate is imperative if the success of high-profile initiatives is to continue and much depends on good corporate governance (CG) in the sector. Using the most recent data from 2019, the current study applies the CG Index (CGI) and CG Deviation Index (CGDI) constructs to the real estate (RE) sector in the GCC in an effort to develop vital indicators for future RE investment decisions in the GCC region. The results indicate that the highest CG adherence levels are being achieved in Dubai, followed by Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia. The authors attribute these countries’ success in CG adherence to the entrepreneurial identity of them RE firms as well as to their governance capacity, their socio-cognitive capability, and the level of regulatory enforcement within the context of their dominant governance logic. It should be noted that there are variations in adherence levels throughout each region. The results also agree with prior literature that a higher CGS leads to a lower CGD score, and vice versa. At this point, encouraging more real estate investment trust (REIT) formations in the GCC could ensure value propositions, such as liquidity, to both investors and RE companies as well as solid governance fundamentals. This is strongly recommended for increasing the RE presence and its contribution to the GDP of each country.
Algorithmic Accountability Reporting: On the Investigation of Black Boxes
Creators: name: Diakopoulos, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Methodology
Journalism--Data processing

description: How can we characterize the power that various algorithms may exert on us? And how can we better understand when algorithms might be wronging us? What should be the role of journalists in holding that power to account? In this report I discuss what algorithms are and how they encode power. I then describe the idea of algorithmic accountability, first examining how algorithms problematize and sometimes stand in tension with transparency. Next, I describe how reverse engineering can provide an alternative way to characterize algorithmic power by delineating a conceptual model that captures different investigative scenarios based on reverse engineering algorithms’ input-output relationships. I then provide a number of illustrative cases and methodological details on how algorithmic accountability reporting might be realized in practice. I conclude with a discussion about broader issues of human resources, legality, ethics, and transparency.
Insights from laboratory experiments on the failure of earthen embankments at bridge-waterway abutments
Creators: name: Ettema, R.
name: Ng, K. W.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: earthen embankments
dams
levees
abutments
erosion

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Failure of compacted, earthfill embankments during breaching combines geotechnical and hydraulic processes that interact to erode the compacted earthfill. Our paper offers insights regarding these processes as observed during a series of laboratory flume experiments conducted to investigate the effect of soil strength on scour depth at abutments formed of erodible, compacted earthen approach embankment. The length scale of the model abutments was 1:30. We highlight the challenges in conducting laboratory experiments involving erodible model abutments. The challenges, or difficulties, include attaining scale-reduced shear strengths, controlling and verifying the soil compaction, and quantifying the in-situ shear strength of both non-cohesive and cohesive model soils. We addressed these difficulties through a sequence of soil tests designed to relate model soil strength to laboratory compaction, using hand-held devices to check soil strengths in the flume experiments. Our paper explains the successes and unresolved issues relating to the shear strength of model soils used in flume studies of embankment breaching. Additionally, our paper illustrates the importance of large-scale turbulence structures formed at the breach entrance in shaping the breach, and discusses the geotechnical manner whereby breaches widen.
Horizon area-angular momentum inequality in higher dimensional spacetimes
Creators: name: Hollands, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C57, 83E30

description: We consider $n$-dimensional spacetimes which are axisymmetric--but not necessarily stationary (!)--in the sense of having isometry group $U(1)^{n-3}$, and which satisfy the Einstein equations with a non-negative cosmological constant. We show that any black hole horizon must have area $A \ge 8π|J_+ J_-|^\half$, where $J_\pm$ are distinguished components of the angular momentum corresponding to linear combinations of the rotational Killing fields that vanish somewhere on the horizon. In the case of $n=4$, where there is only one angular momentum component $J_+=J_-$, we recover an inequality of 1012.2413 [gr-qc]. Our work can hence be viewed as a generalization of this result to higher dimensions. In the case of $n=5$ with horizon of topology $S^1 \times S^2$, the quantities $J_+=J_-$ are the same angular momentum component (in the $S^2$ direction). In the case of $n=5$ with horizon topology $S^3$, the quantities $J_+, J_-$ are the distinct components of the angular momentum. We also show that, in all dimensions, the inequality is saturated if the metric is a so-called ``near horizon geometry''. Our argument is entirely quasi-local, and hence also applies e.g. to any stably outer marginally trapped surface.
description: 16 pages, Latex, no figures
Artificial Intelligence: Practice and Implications for Journalism
Creators: name: Hansen, Mark
name: Roca-Sales, Meritxell
name: Keegan, Jonathan M.
name: King, George
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Methodology
Journalism--Technological innovations
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence--Moral and ethical aspects

description: The increasing presence of artificial intelligence and automated technology is changing journalism. While the term artificial intelligence dates back to the 1950s, and has since acquired several meanings, there is a general consensus around the nature of AI as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence. Since many of the AI tools journalists are now using come from other disciplines—computer science, statistics, and engineering, for example—they tend to be general purpose. Now that journalists are using AI in the newsroom, what must they know about these technologies, and what must technologists know about journalistic standards when building them? On June 13, 2017, the Tow Center for Digital Journalism and the Brown Institute for Media Innovation convened a policy exchange forum of technologists and journalists to consider how artificial intelligence is impacting newsrooms and how it can be better adapted to the field of journalism. The gathering explored questions like: How can journalists use AI to assist the reporting process? Which newsroom roles might AI replace? What are some areas of AI that news organizations have yet to capitalize on? Will AI eventually be a part of the presentation of every news story?
A Potential Role for the Inhibition of PI3K Signaling in Glioblastoma Therapy
Creators: name: Ströbele, Stephanie
name: Schneider, Matthias
name: Schneele, Lukas
name: Siegelin, Markus D.
name: Nonnenmacher, Lisa
name: Zhou, Shaoxia
name: Karpel-Massler, Georg
name: Westhoff, Mike-Andrew
name: Halatsch, Marc-Eric
name: Debatin, Klaus-Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Glioblastoma multiforme
Cellular signal transduction
Oncology
Cytology

description: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and among the most difficult to treat malignancies per se. In almost 90% of all GBM alterations in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR have been found, making this survival cascade a promising therapeutic target, particular for combination therapy that combines an apoptosis sensitizer, such as a pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K, with an apoptosis inducer, such as radio- or chemotherapy. However, while in vitro data focusing mainly on established cell lines has appeared rather promising, this has not translated well to a clinical setting. In this study, we analyze the effects of the dual kinase inhibitor PI-103, which blocks PI3K and mTOR activity, on three matched pairs of GBM stem cells/differentiated cells. While blocking PI3K-mediated signaling has a profound effect on cellular proliferation, in contrast to data presented on two GBM cell lines (A172 and U87) PI-103 actually counteracts the effect of chemotherapy. While we found no indications for a potential role of the PI3K signaling cascade in differentiation, we saw a clear and strong contribution to cellular motility and, by extension, invasion. While blocking PI3K-mediated signaling concurrently with application of chemotherapy does not appear to be a valid treatment option, pharmacological inhibitors, such as PI-103, nevertheless have an important place in future therapeutic approaches.
Discovery Prospects of an Almost Fermiophobic W' in the Three-Site Higgsless Model at the LHC
Creators: name: Bach, Fabian
name: Ohl, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In extensions of the Standard Model with compactified extra dimensions, perturbative unitarity of the longitudinal gauge bosons is maintained through the contribution of heavy KK excitations of the gauge fields, without the necessity of introducing a Higgs field. The Three-Site Higgsless Model represents a minimal approach in this respect, containing just one extra set of heavy gauge bosons Z'/W' in the spectrum. While the Z' can have robust couplings to SM fermions and hence may be detected within the first 1-20 1/fb of LHC data at 14 TeV, the coupling of the W' to light fermions is suppressed and depends on the model parameters. Expanding on previous parton level studies, we determine discovery thresholds of the W' in s-channel Drell-Yan production at the LHC for W' masses of 380, 500 and 600 GeV, combining analyses of the semileptonic final states lljj, lnjj and the leptonic final state lnll including fast detector simulation.
description: 19 pages Latex. Accepted for publication
Deliverable D2.1 – Dissemination Plan
Creators: name: Boile, Maria
name: Electra Sifacaki
name: Toli, Eleni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: OpenUP dissemination plan

description: This document provides a definition of dissemination and covers the list of key elements of OpenUP's dissemination strategy, hence the goals, the main questions, the life-cycle phases and the levels of dissemination. Furthermore, this document, identifies target communities and their distinctive characteristics; elaborates means (key activities) for reaching out to targeted audiences; describes and prioritises dissemination tools. Finally, OpenUP consortium defines the monitoring processes and tools that will help to assess the performance of the dissemination activities and outlines the expected impact of its dissemination strategy.
Towards an Indicative List of FDI Sustainability Characteristics
Creators: name: Sauvant, Karl P.
name: Mann, Howard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Investments, Foreign
Investments, Foreign (International law)
Sustainable development
Sustainable development--International cooperation

description: Based on a review of 150 instruments, ranging from international investment agreements to codes of multinational enterprises, this paper identifies ten core characteristics of sustainable FDI and twenty emerging sustainable FDI characteristics widely accepted across ten stakeholder groups. The paper explores furthermore opportunities and mechanisms to advance the application of the sustainability characteristics. The FDI sustainability characteristics are also of immediate relevance for the discussions of investment facilitation.
Graphene-Graphite Quilts for Thermal Management of High-Power GaN Transistors
Creators: name: Yan, Zhong
name: Liu, Guanxiong
name: Khan, Javed M.
name: Balandin, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-heating is a severe problem for high-power GaN electronic and optoelectronic devices. Various thermal management solutions, e.g. flip-chip bonding or composite substrates have been attempted. However, temperature rise still limits applications of the nitride-based technology. Here we demonstrate that thermal management of GaN transistors can be substantially improved via introduction of the alternative heat-escaping channels implemented with few-layer graphene - an excellent heat conductor. We have transferred few-layer graphene to AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors on SiC substrates to form the "graphene-graphite quilts" - lateral heat spreaders, which remove heat from the channel regions. Using the micro-Raman spectroscopy for in-situ monitoring we have shown that temperature can be lowered by as much as ~ 20oC in such devices operating at ~13-W/mm power density. The simulations suggest that the efficiency of the "graphene quilts" can be made even higher in GaN devices on thermally resistive sapphire substrates and in the designs with the closely located heat sinks. Our results open a novel application niche for few-layer graphene in high-power electronics.
description: 13 pages; 4 display items
Eating English in Jamaica : food, and Creole identity in seventeenth-century, medical discourse
Creators: name: Hollett, Cathy-Rae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Food – its organization and consumption–offers a unique lens through which to understand the early workings of English colonialism, as well as national, bodily identity. In the seventeenth century English intellectuals sought to understand and prescribe national identity on a bodily level. However in the early stages of colonialism this same process was taking place across the Atlantic, in Jamaica, an island that supported a significantly different demographic makeup. Through the use of physicians’ casebooks, prescriptions and natural histories, buttressed with the words of English travelers, this paper argues that due to the efforts to encourage and define English bodily identity there was a simultaneous demarcation of an emerging Creole population. This Creole population was defined by what they were able to consume- particularly dishes such as turtle meat and chocolate.
Tackling Transfer: A Guide to Convening Community Colleges and Universities to Improve Transfer Student Outcomes
Creators: name: Deane, K. C.
name: Fink, John
name: Gordon, Madison
name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
name: Kadlec, Alison
name: Wyner, Joshua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Community colleges
Universities and colleges
Community college students--Transfer
College students--Transfer
Community college students--Services for
College students--Services for

description: Research shows that very few community college students, many of whom seek a bachelor’s degree, successfully transfer to and graduate from a four-year institution. In fact, only 15 percent of all community college students complete a four-year degree in less than six years. The numbers are far more daunting for Black, Hispanic, and low-income students—all of whom enroll in community colleges at disproportionately high numbers.

In an effort to improve transfer student success, the Aspen Institute, CCRC, Public Agenda, and SOVA have released this implementation guide designed to help state entities organize workshops within which teams from two- and four-year institutions work together to improve transfer and graduation outcomes for their students. Through data analysis and self-reflection of institutional practices, these workshops help institutions develop action plans (individually and among partners) to improve transfer student success.

This guide is accompanied by a number of additional resources (see below), including the CCRC’s How to Measure Community College Effectiveness in Serving Transfer Students. The guide was created as part of the larger Tackling Transfer project and serves as a complement to the 2016 Transfer Playbook.
Dynamical preparation of EPR entanglement in two-well Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Opanchuk, B.
name: He, Q. Y.
name: Reid, M. D.
name: Drummond, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to generate Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement between groups of atoms in a two-well Bose-Einstein condensate using a dynamical process similar to that employed in quantum optics. The local nonlinear S-wave scattering interaction has the effect of creating a spin squeezing at each well, while the tunneling, analogous to a beam splitter in optics, introduces an interference between these fields that results in an inter-well entanglement. We consider two internal modes at each well, so that the entanglement can be detected by measuring a reduction in the variances of the sums of local Schwinger spin observables. As is typical of continuous variable (CV) entanglement, the entanglement is predicted to increase with atom number, and becomes sufficiently strong at higher numbers of atoms that the EPR paradox and steering non-locality can be realized. The entanglement is predicted using an analytical approach and, for larger atom numbers, stochastic simulations based on truncated Wigner function. We find generally that strong tunnelling is favourable, and that entanglement persists and is even enhanced in the presence of realistic nonlinear losses.
description: 15 pages, 19 figures
Resolutions of Identity for Some Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. I. Exceptional Point in Continuous Spectrum
Creators: name: Andrianov, Alexander A.
name: Sokolov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resolutions of identity for certain non-Hermitian Hamiltonians constructed from biorthogonal sets of their eigen- and associated functions are given for the spectral problem defined on entire axis. Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians under consideration possess the continuous spectrum and the following peculiarities are investigated: (1) the case when there is an exceptional point of arbitrary multiplicity situated on a boundary of continuous spectrum; (2) the case when there is an exceptional point situated inside of continuous spectrum. The reductions of the derived resolutions of identity under narrowing of the classes of employed test functions are revealed. It is shown that in the case (1) some of associated functions included into the resolution of identity are normalizable and some of them may be not and in the case (2) the bounded associated function corresponding to the exceptional point does not belong to the physical state space. Spectral properties of a SUSY partner Hamiltonian for the Hamiltonian with an exceptional point are examined.
Capturing the two-way hydromechanical coupling effect on fluid-driven fracture in a dual-graph lattice beam model
Creators: name: Ulven, Ole Ivar
name: Sun, WaiChing
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Materials science
Fluid mechanics
Rocks--Fracture
Hydraulic fracturing

description: Fluid-driven fractures of brittle rock is simulated via a dual-graph lattice model. The new discrete hydromechanical model incorporates a two-way coupling mechanism between the discrete element model and the flow network.By adopt- ing an operator-split algorithm, the coupling model is able to replicate the transient poroelasticity coupling mechanism and the resultant Mandel-Cryer hydromechanical coupling effect in a discrete mechanics framework. As crack propagation, coalescence and branching are all path-dependent and irreversible processes, capturing this transient coupling effect is important for capturing the essence of the fluid-driven fracture in simulations. Injection simulations indicate that the onset and propagation of fractures are highly sensitive to the ratio between the injection rate and the effective permeability. Furthermore, we show that in a permeable rock, the borehole breakdown pressure, the pressure at which fractures start to grow from the borehole, depends on both the given ratio between injection rate and permeability and the Biot coefficient.
Choptuik's Critical Phenomenon in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Creators: name: Golod, Sveta
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of higher order curvature corrections to Einstein's Gravity on the critical phenomenon near the black hole threshold, namely the Choptuik phenomenon. We simulate numerically a five dimensional spherically symmetric gravitational collapse of massless scalar field in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity towards a black hole formation threshold. When the curvature is sufficiently large the additional higher order terms, affect the evolution of the whole system. Since high curvature characterizes the region when the critical behavior takes place this critical behavior is destroyed. Both the self similarity and the mass scaling relation disappear. Instead we find a different behavior near the black hole threshold, which depends on the coupling constant of the higher order terms. The new features include a change of the sign of the Ricci scalar on the origin which indicates changes in the local geometry of space-time, and never occurs in classical general relativity collapse, and oscillations with a constant rather than with a diminishing length scale.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys Rev D. Some revisions made concerning the mass-radius relations in EGB theories
Google Ngrams for Individualism: Do They Trace a Loss of Innovation?
Creators: name: Phelps, Edmund S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Economics
Economics--Philosophy
Capitalism
Technological innovations

description: A discussion of using Google Ngrams to interrogate the thesis of Phelps' 2013 book "Mass Flourishing: How Grassroots Innovation Created Jobs, Challenge, and Change"--that it was key modernist values, such as individualism, vitalism and self-expression, that stimulated the innovation that sprouted up in 19th century Britain, America, Germany and France.
title: Ανάλυση ικανοποίησης πελατών ξενοδοχείου χειμερινού τουρισμού με χρήση διαδικτυακών αξιολογήσεων.
title: Customer satisfaction analysis of a winter tourism hotel using online user ratings
Creators: name: Γεωργοπουλος Νικολαος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2024

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι ο προσδιορισμός του επιπέδου ικανοποίησης των πελατών του ξενώνα «Τσαρμπού» στην Στεμνίτσα Αρκαδίας. Ως μέτρο για το επίπεδο ικανοποίησης των πελατών χρησιμοποιούνται οι κριτικές του ξενώνα με την χρήση 5 διαφορετικών κριτηρίων αξιολόγησης στην πλατφόρμα κρατήσεων του Booking.com. Αρχικά, θα γίνει στατιστική ανάλυση των κριτικών στην πλατφόρμα κρατήσεων. Για τον προσδιορισμό αλλά και για την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων σχετικά με το επιπέδο ικανοποίησης των πελατών θα χρησιμοποιηθεί η Πολυκριτήρια Μέθοδος Ανάλυσης ικανοποίησης MUSA. Τέλος, ο εντοπισμός των σχέσεων μεταξύ των κριτηρίων αξιολόγησης καθώς και των ικανών και αναγκαίων συνθηκών για την υψηλή ολική ικανοποίηση των πελατών θα γίνει χρησιμοποιώντας  Ποιοτική Συγκριτική Ανάλυση με ασαφή σύνολα (fs/QCA).
Coulomb drag in monolayer and bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Hwang, E. H.
name: Sensarma, Rajdeep
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically calculate the interaction-induced frictional Coulomb drag resistivity between two graphene monolayers as well as between two graphene bilayers, which are spatially separated by a distance "$d$". We show that the drag resistivity between graphene monolayers can be significantly affected by the intralayer momentum-relaxation mechanism. For energy independent intralayer scattering, the frictional drag induced by inter-layer electron-electron interaction goes asymptotically as $ρ_D \sim T^2/n^4d^6$ and $ρ_D \sim T^2/n^2d^2$ in the high-density ($k_F d \gg 1$) and low-density ($k_F d \ll 1$) limits, respectively. When long-range charge impurity scattering dominates within the layer, the monolayer drag resistivity behaves as $ρ_D \sim T^2/n^3d^4$ and $T^2 \ln (\sqrt{n} d) /n$ for $k_F d \gg 1$ and $k_F d \ll 1$, respectively. The density dependence of the bilayer drag is calculated to be $ρ_D \propto T^2/n^{3}$ both in the large and small layer separation limit. In the large layer separation limit, the bilayer drag has a strong $1/d^4$ dependence on layer separation, whereas this goes to a weak logarithmic dependence in the strong inter-layer correlation limit of small layer separation. In addition to obtaining the asymptotic analytical formula for Coulomb drag in graphene, we provide numerical results for arbitrary values of density and layer separation interpolating smoothly between our asymptotic theoretical results.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys Rev B. This is the longer version of arXiv:1105.3203 which it supersedes
How States Are Implementing Transition Curricula: Results From a National Scan
Creators: name: Fay, Margaret
name: Barnett, Elisabeth
name: Chavarin, Octaviano
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: College preparation programs
High school students--Education (Higher)
High school students--Services for

description: While many states have strengthened their high school graduation requirements over the last decade, too many graduates are still underprepared for college. In response to this problem, states across the country are administering early college readiness assessments that measure 11th grade students’ readiness to successfully perform entry-level, credit-bearing postsecondary coursework. In addition, some states are combining these assessments with transition curricula for students who are not college ready.

Transition curricula consist of a course, a set of modules, online tutorials, or other educational experiences offered no later than 12th grade to students who are at risk of being placed into remedial mathematics, reading, or writing when they enter college. The availability of transition curricula gives help to students who can enroll in a course or other activity in an attempt to become better prepared and possibly avoid remediation altogether.

This brief provides a high-level perspective on the availability of transition curricula across the United States over time. Findings are based on a search of literature and Internet resources to find any references to transition curricula in each of the 50 states and Washington, DC; a survey administered to state agency representatives asking for information on transition curricula, and brief follow-up interviews with officials from selected states to gather more information when necessary. The brief also offers insights into the amount of variation that is found in terms of curricular design and goals, subject-area focus, how students are selected to participate, and whether completion of transition curricula guarantees placement into college-level courses.
Mistake Detection Videos to Improve Students’ Motivation in Math
Creators: name: Luna Lucero, Myra L.
name: Elmore, Kristen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Mathematics--Study and teaching
Errors
Motivation in education

description: This article describes the design case of an instructional experience incorporating videos of mistakes for students to practice mistake detection and recovery skills. Learning from mistakes is often encouraged, but students may need prac- tical support to address them e ectively. The intention of this design is to facilitate adaptive cognitive and emotional responses to handling mistakes. This article documents two distinct but related formats of a mistake recovery design: a personal video recording and pre-recorded videos featuring fourth grade mathematics. These two formats evolved from personal experiences to become a classroom intervention. We trace this design process including the context, theory, and implementation experiences that shaped the design and discuss unforeseen obstacles and design alterations that arose during this process.
Exploring non-task-related variability as an aid to motor skill acquisition, retention, and transfer
Creators: name: Edwards, Christopher Alexander Laurence
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In two experiments, we tested whether non-task related variability, in the form of randomly administered mechanical perturbations during practice, would facilitate the acquisition of a novel two-handed coordination movement. There is considerable evidence in the motor learning literature showing that task-related variability, in the form of practice of variations of a skill or practicing skills in a more variable order, can benefit learning and transfer. Moreover, there is recent evidence that non-task related variability added to the learning process, termed differential learning, is beneficial to learning by simply providing a greater exploration of the dynamic environment. In both experiments, we failed to find evidence to support these predictions about the beneficial effects of non-task related variability. In Experiment 1, when variability was administered after a period of stabilization, and in the presence of performance enhancing feedback (i.e., a Lissajous display), no differences between a control group and a variability (perturbation) group were found in retention. This was despite significant improvements for both groups and evidence that the perturbations worked to increase variability later in practice for the perturbation group. In a second Experiment, we increased the amount of practice, changed the feedback display, and provided variability throughout practice. Despite these changes, externally added, mechanical perturbations added to the movement still failed to aid acquisition, retention or transfer. We conclude that this method of practice, when the variability is externally administered and not dependent on performance, fails to aid acquisition or facilitate long term retention or transfer of new motor skills. Therefore, variability, in and of itself, is not a sufficient variable to bring positive changes in performance and learning, considerations need to be made in regards to the difficulty of the task, the competence of the performer and the specific types of variability, in order to be beneficial.
Clostridium Difficile Infection in Acute Care Hospitals: Systematic Review and Best Practices for Prevention
Creators: name: Louh, Irene Kathryn Klein
name: Greendyke, William Garrett
name: Hermann, Emilia Adell
name: Davidson, Karina W.
name: Falzon, Louise
name: Vawdrey, David K.
name: Shaffer, Jonathan
name: Calfee, David P.
name: Furuya, Yoko
name: Ting, Henry H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Clostridium difficile
Nosocomial infections
Hospital care
Medical informatics
Hospitals

description: Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in acute-care hospitals is a priority for hospitals and clinicians. We performed a qualitative systematic review to update the evidence on interventions to prevent CDI published since 2009.

We searched Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, the ISI Web of Knowledge, and grey literature databases from January 1, 2009 to August 1, 2015.

We included studies performed in acute-care hospitals.

We included studies conducted on hospitalized patients that investigated the impact of specific interventions on CDI rates.

We used the QI-Minimum Quality Criteria Set (QI-MQCS) to assess the quality of included studies. Interventions were grouped thematically: environmental disinfection, antimicrobial stewardship, hand hygiene, chlorhexidine bathing, probiotics, bundled approaches, and others. A meta-analysis was performed when possible.

Of 3,236 articles screened, 261 met the criteria for full-text review and 46 studies were ultimately included. The average quality rating was 82% according to the QI-MQCS. The most effective interventions, resulting in a 45% to 85% reduction in CDI, included daily to twice daily disinfection of high-touch surfaces (including bed rails) and terminal cleaning of patient rooms with chlorine-based products. Bundled interventions and antimicrobial stewardship showed promise for reducing CDI rates. Chlorhexidine bathing and intensified hand-hygiene practices were not effective for reducing CDI rates.

Daily and terminal cleaning of patient rooms using chlorine-based products were most effective in reducing CDI rates in hospitals. Further studies are needed to identify the components of bundled interventions that reduce CDI rates.
Note On the blowup criterion of smooth solution to the incompressible viscoelastic flow
Creators: name: Yuan, Baoquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the blowup criterion of smooth solution to the Oldroyd models. Let $(u(t,x), F(t,x)$ be a smooth solution in $[0,T)$, it is shown that the solution $(u(t,x), F(t,x)$ does not appear breakdown until $t=T$ provided $\nabla u(t,x)\in L^1([0,T]; L^\infty(\mr^n))$, $n=2,3$.
Chrysis palliditarsis SPINOLA 1838
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Chrysis
Chrysis palliditarsis

description: Chrysis palliditarsis SPINOLA, 1838
Chrysis palliditarsis SPINOLA, 1838: KIMSEY & BOHART 1990: 446 (tax., Djibouti, world cat.). Chrysis palliditarsis SPINOLA, 1838: MADL & ROSA 2012: 62 (cat. Afr. reg.).
* Chrysis scabiosa n.sp.: DU BUYSSON 1904: 262 (descr., Djibouti).
Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) scabiosa DU BUYSSON, 1904: BISCHOFF 1913: 58 (world cat.).
Chrysis scabiosa DU BUYSSON, 1904: KIMSEY & BOHART 1990: 447 (syn.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Djibouti. Chrysis palliditarsis is widely distributed in the Afrotropical (Eritrea, Djibouti, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe), Oriental (India) and Palaearctic (Egypt, Iran, Israel, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen) regions.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 914, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and 20-Year Physical Activity Trends Among Women
Creators: name: Winning, Ashley
name: Gilsanz, Paola
name: Koenen, Karestan C.
name: Roberts, Andrea L.
name: Chen, Qixuan
name: Sumner, Jennifer A.
name: Rimm, Eric B.
name: Glymour, M. Maria
name: Kubzansky, Laura D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine, Preventive
Women--Health and hygiene
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Exercise--Health aspects

description: Introduction:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with physical inactivity, a modifiable lifestyle factor that contributes to risk of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases; however, no study has evaluated the association between PTSD onset and subsequent physical activity (PA) changes.

Method:
Analyses were conducted between October 2014 and April 2016, using data from the ongoing Nurses’ Health Study II (N=50,327). Trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms were assessed using two previously validated measures, the Brief Trauma Questionnaire and Short Screening Scale for DSM-IV PTSD. Average PA (hours/week) was assessed using self-report measures at six time points across 20 years (1989–2009). Linear mixed models with time-updated PTSD assessed differences in PA trajectories by trauma/PTSD status. Among a subsample of women whose trauma/PTSD onset during follow-up, group differences in PA patterns before and after onset were assessed using linear spline models.

Results:
PA decreased more steeply over time among trauma-exposed women reporting four or five (β= –2.5E–3, SE=1.0E–3, p=0.007) or six or seven PTSD symptoms (β= –6.7E–3, SE=1.1E–3, p<0.001) versus women without trauma exposure, adjusting for potential confounders. Among a subsample of women whose trauma/PTSD symptoms onset during follow-up, no differences in PA were observed prior to onset; after onset, women with six or seven PTSD symptoms had a steeper decline (β= –17.1E–3, SE=4.2E–3, p<0.001) in PA over time than trauma-exposed women without PTSD.

Conclusions:
Decreases in PA associated with PTSD symptoms may be a pathway through which PTSD influences cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
Problem of Time in Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Anderson, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Problem of Time occurs because the `time' of GR and of ordinary Quantum Theory are mutually incompatible notions. This is problematic in trying to replace these two branches of physics with a single framework in situations in which the conditions of both apply, e.g. in black holes or in the very early universe. Emphasis in this Review is on the Problem of Time being multi-faceted and on the nature of each of the eight principal facets. Namely, the Frozen Formalism Problem, Configurational Relationalism Problem (formerly Sandwich Problem), Foliation Dependence Problem, Constraint Closure Problem (formerly Functional Evolution Problem), Multiple Choice Problem, Global Problem of Time, Problem of Beables (alias Problem of Observables) and Spacetime Reconstruction/Replacement Problem. Strategizing in this Review is not just centred about the Frozen Formalism Problem facet, but rather about each of the eight facets. Particular emphasis is placed upon A) relationalism as an underpinning of the facets and as a selector of particular strategies (especially a modification of Barbour relationalism, though also with some consideration of Rovelli relationalism). B) Classifying approaches by the full ordering in which they embrace constrain, quantize, find time/history and find observables, rather than only by partial orderings such as "Dirac-quantize". C) Foliation (in)dependence and Spacetime Reconstruction for a wide range of physical theories, strategizing centred about the Problem of Beables, the Patching Approach to the Global Problem of Time, and the role of the question-types considered in physics. D) The Halliwell- and Gambini-Porto-Pullin-type combined Strategies in the context of semiclassical quantum cosmology.
description: Invited Review: 26 pages including 2 Figures. This v2 has a number of minor improvements and corrections
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and hypercoagulability during emergency department evaluation for acute coronary syndrome
Creators: name: Ho, Vy Thuy
name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Duer-Hefele, Joan
name: Whang, William
name: Chang, Melinda J.
name: Edmondson, Donald E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
Cardiovascular system--Diseases
Coronary arteries--Calcification
Blood--Coagulation
Medicine

description: In order to determine whether PTSD symptoms are associated with hypercoagulability, a mechanism underlying ACS onset, we tested the association of PTSD symptoms from a prior traumatic event with clotting parameters in 99 patients who presented with an ACS event.