cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hilbert Space Average Method and adiabatic quantum search
Creators: name: Perez, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss some aspects related to the so-called Hilbert space Average Method, as an alternative to describe the dynamics of open quantum systems. First we present a derivation of the method which does not make use of the algebra satisfied by the operators involved in the dynamics, and extend the method to systems subject to a Hamiltonian that changes with time. Next we examine the performance of the adiabatic quantum search algorithm with a particular model for the environment. We relate our results to the criteria discussed in the literature for the validity of the above-mentioned method for similar environments.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Two-dimensional AMR simulations of colliding flows
Creators: name: Niklaus, Markus
name: Schmidt, Wolfram
name: Niemeyer, Jens C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colliding flows are a commonly used scenario for the formation of molecular clouds in numerical simulations. Due to the thermal instability of the warm neutral medium, turbulence is produced by cooling. We carry out a two-dimensional numerical study of such colliding flows in order to test whether statistical properties inferred from adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations are robust with respect to the applied refinement criteria. We compare probability density functions of various quantities as well as the clump statistics and fractal dimension of the density fields in AMR simulations to a static-grid simulation. The static grid with 2048^2 cells matches the resolution of the most refined subgrids in the AMR simulations. The density statistics is reproduced fairly well by AMR. Refinement criteria based on the cooling time or the turbulence intensity appear to be superior to the standard technique of refinement by overdensity. Nevertheless, substantial differences in the flow structure become apparent. In general, it is difficult to separate numerical effects from genuine physical processes in AMR simulations.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to A&A
A simple electrostatic model applicable to biomolecular recognition
Creators: name: Doerr, T. P.
name: Yu, Yi-Kuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact, analytic solution for a simple electrostatic model applicable to biomolecular recognition is presented. In the model, a layer of high dielectric constant material (representative of the solvent, water) whose thickness may vary separates two regions of low dielectric constant material (representative of proteins, DNA, RNA, or similar materials), in each of which is embedded a point charge. For identical charges, the presence of the screening layer always lowers the energy compared to the case of point charges in an infinite medium of low dielectric constant. Somewhat surprisingly, the presence of a sufficiently thick screening layer also lowers the energy compared to the case of point charges in an infinite medium of high dielectric constant. For charges of opposite sign, the screening layer always lowers the energy compared to the case of point charges in an infinite medium of either high or low dielectric constant. The behavior of the energy leads to a substantially increased repulsive force between charges of the same sign. The repulsive force between charges of opposite signs is weaker than in an infinite medium of low dielectric constant material but stronger than in an infinite medium of high dielectric constant material. The presence of this behavior, which we name asymmetric screening, in the simple system presented here confirms the generality of the behavior that was established in a more complicated system of an arbitrary number of charged dielectric spheres in an infinite solvent.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
The Rise of an Indie Zombie Survival Game
Creators: name: Kort, Tychô
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 360502
subject: Computer gaming and animation

description: This research explores the sudden 23-fold sales increase of Project Zomboid in January 2022. It examines contributing factors including the COVID-19 pandemic, the release of Multiplayer Beta 41.60, and the strong engagement between developers and the player community. The study analyzes the role of immersive gameplay, modding culture, and emotional/social player experiences, while also addressing sustainability challenges such as development delays and indie studio limitations.
Evaluations of pressure-transmitting media for cryogenic experiments with diamond anvil cell
Creators: name: Tateiwa, Naoyuki
name: Haga, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fourteen kinds of pressure-transmitting media were evaluated by the ruby fluorescence method at room temperature, 77 K using the diamond anvil cell (DAC) up to 10 GPa in order to find appropriate media for use in low temperature physics. The investigated media are a 1:1 mixture by volume of Fluorinert FC-70 and FC-77, Daphne 7373 and 7474, NaCl, silicon oil (polydimethylsiloxane), Vaseline, 2-propanol, glycerin, a 1:1 mixture by volume of $n$-pentane and isopentane, a 4:1 mixture by volume of methanol and ethanol, petroleum ether, nitrogen, argon and helium. The nonhydrostaticity of the pressure is discussed from the viewpoint of the broadening effect of the ruby $R_1$ fluorescence line. The $R_1$ line basically broadens above the liquid-solid transition pressure at room temperature. However, the nonhydrostatic effects do constantly develop in all the media from the low-pressure region at low temperature. The relative strength of the nonhydrostatic effects in the media at the low temperature region is discussed. The broadening effect of the ruby $R_1$ line in the nitrogen, argon and helium media are significantly small at 77 K, suggesting that the media are more appropriate for cryogenic experiments under high pressure up to 10 GPa with the DAC. The availability of the three media was also confirmed at 4.2 K.
Demonstration of a Facile and Efficient Strategy for Yield Stress Determination in Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear: Algebraic Stress Bifurcation
Creators: name: Wang, Pengguang
name: Xu, Jiatong
name: Zhang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) has been extensively studied for understanding the rheological responses of yield stress fluids. However, the employed methodology for determining the yield stress remains uncertain albeit the fact that many classical or plausible methods exist in the literature. Along these lines, herein, based on Fourier transform (FT) rheology, stress decomposition, and stress bifurcation, a new straightforward method termed as algebraic stress bifurcation was developed. More specifically, the main goal was to determine the yield stress and investigate the solid-liquid transition of fluids in LAOS. A simple and efficient mathematical framework was established and verified by the KVHB, Saramito, Giesekus models, and FT rheology. The main strength of this approach is that only the data from the stress/strain sweep are required instead of Lissajous curves. Alternative curves based on the first harmonic were constructed to demonstrate the non-critical role of both higher harmonics and phenomenological Lissajous curves in determining yield stress. The determined start and end yield points in the solid-liquid transition were compared with the already existing methods. Furthermore, the resulting solid-liquid transition region was analyzed by FT rheology, stress decomposition, and sequence of the physical process to obtain information on nonlinearity and intracycle/intercycle yielding. Our work provides fruitful insights for explaining and reducing the complexities of the stress bifurcation technique by using an easy-to-understand and implement format. Therefore, a concise theoretical framework was introduced for understanding the concept of yield stress, the intercycle yielding process, and the rational choice of yield stress measurement techniques.
description: This paper was selected as Featured Article in Physics of Fluids
The regulation of numbers in Tribolium confusum by means of selective migration
Creators: name: Carl, Ernest A
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A lengthy, and at times heated, debate on the regulation of animal numbers has proceeded in the literature for over half a century. A wide variety of causal agents - from sun spots to a shortage of trace elements - has been proposed to explain the observed densities, and a wide variety of mechanisms has also been proposed - from natural selection to chance. Only occasionally have any of these proposals been rigorously tested, and the survival of partially or totally conflicting hypotheses has been correspondingly high. I have attempted to test just one of these proposals: the polymorphism hypothesis of Chitty (Proc. Ecol. Soc. Australia 2:51-78, 1967.) According to this hypothesis, any natural population which lives in a highly favourable habitat can regulate its numbers through the action of two morphs, one characterized by a high fecundity and the other by a superior ability to hold its position in the environment. Population density is postulated to be a function of the relative frequency of the morphs and to change in a predictable way. I have conducted five experiments to investigate the existence of, and the mode of interaction between, these presumed morphs in Tribolium confusum, the questions asked being: 1) Is the density achieved by open populations (i.e. those from which emigration is allowed) different from that in closed populations (i.e. those from which emigration is prevented)? 2) Is the mechanism of regulation in open populations different from that in closed populations? 3) Is the tendency to migrate a constant property of individuals? 4) Is the density achieved by populations founded by migrants different from that of populations founded by non-migrants? 5) Is the density achieved by open populations (with migration by self-selection) different from that achieved by closed populations from which an equal number of animals are removed at random? I found the answers to all these questions to be 'yes', and the differences in each case to be in the direction predicted by the polymorphism hypothesis. I suggest that the polymorphism hypothesis is useful for predicting future densities of populations from which emigration is occurring, but is not useful for predicting densities in populations 1) from which animals cannot escape or 2) in which mortality caused by extrinsic factors is so great that, despite high fecundity, the populations are unable to produce a migrating surplus. I argue that 1) and 2) are rare in nature, or at least have been studied rather seldom.
Positive phase space transformation incompatible with classical physics
Creators: name: Son, Wonmin
name: Kofler, Johannes
name: Kim, M. S.
name: Vedral, Vlatko
name: Brukner, Caslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bell conjectured that a positive Wigner function does not allow violation of the inequalities imposed by local hidden variable theories. A requirement for this conjecture is "when phase space measurements are performed". We introduce the theory-independent concept of "operationally local transformations" which refers to the change of the switch on a local measurement apparatus. We show that two separated parties, performing only phase space measurements on a composite quantum system with a positive Wigner function and performing only operationally local transformations that preserve this positivity, can nonetheless violate Bell's inequality. Such operationally local transformations are realized using entangled ancillae.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, published version
MOESM6 of Inter-site harmonization based on dual generative adversarial networks for diffusion tensor imaging: application to neonatal white matter development
Creators: name: Zhong, Jie
name: Wang, Ying
name: Li, Jie
name: Xue, Xuetong
name: Liu, Simin
name: Wang, Miaomiao
name: Gao, Xinbo
name: Wang, Quan
name: Yang, Jian
name: Li, Xianjun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Figure S5. The effect size between genders (Cohen’s d between males and females) in site 1 and 2 before and after harmonization. The Cohen’s d values after harmonization have been averaged over different runs of the sixfold cross-validation.
Measurement of the Higgs boson mass with $H \rightarrow γγ$ decays in 140 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass of the Higgs boson is measured in the $H\toγγ$ decay channel, exploiting the high resolution of the invariant mass of photon pairs reconstructed from the decays of Higgs bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The dataset was collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$. The measured value of the Higgs boson mass is $125.17 \pm 0.11 \mathrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.09 \mathrm{(syst.)}$ GeV and is based on an improved energy scale calibration for photons, whose impact on the measurement is about four times smaller than in the previous publication. A combination with the corresponding measurement using 7 and 8 TeV $pp$ collision ATLAS data results in a Higgs boson mass measurement of $125.22 \pm 0.11 \mathrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.09 \mathrm{(syst.)}$ GeV. With an uncertainty of 1.1 per mille, this is currently the most precise measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson from a single decay channel.
description: 36 pages in total, author list starting page 19, 3 figures, 2 tables, published in Phys. Lett. B. All figures and tables including auxiliary figures and tables are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2019-16/
A note on Harada's Conformal Killing gravity
Creators: name: Mantica, Carlo Alberto
name: Molinari, Luca Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83D05 (Primary) 85-10 (Secondary)

description: We show that "Gravity at cosmological distances: Explaining the accelerating expansion without dark energy" recently proposed by J. Harada [6] is equivalent to the Einstein equation extended by the presence of an arbitrary conformal Killing tensor. This turns Harada's equations of third order in the derivatives of the metric tensor to second order, and offers a simple strategy of solution that shortcuts Harada's derivation and obtains both modified Friedmann equations. An application is presented for the case of flat space and constant curvature.
description: 5 pages. Last section improved, new references and remark 3 added
Existence of Markov equilibrium control in discrete time
Creators: name: Bayraktar, Erhan
name: Han, Bingyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49L20, 28B20, 91A80

description: For time-inconsistent stochastic controls in discrete time and finite horizon, an open problem in Björk and Murgoci (Finance Stoch, 2014) is the existence of an equilibrium control. A nonrandomized Borel measurable Markov equilibrium policy exists if the objective is inf-compact in every time step. We provide a sufficient condition for the inf-compactness and thus existence, with costs that are lower semicontinuous (l.s.c.) and bounded from below and transition kernels that are continuous in controls under given states. The control spaces need not to be compact.
description: Final version
Poster guidelines – Attraction Campaigns
Creators: name: Neri Cortés, C.
name: Torres Ramos, S.
name: Retamoza Vega, P. R.
name: Fajardo Robles, N. S.
name: Rodríguez Betancourtt, V. M.
name: Pérez Carrillo, L. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Women, Science, CBHE, EU, gender, STEM, W-STEM, Attraction Campaigns

description: The 3rd meeting of the W-STEM ERASMUS + Capacity-building in Higher Education European Project (Ref. 598923-EPP-1-2018-1-ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) had scheduled to be held in Guadalajara (Mexico). The COVID-19 pandemic did not allow us to meet face-to-face, and we decided to organize the meeting online on January 12-14, 2021. The guidelines for making the posters of the attraction campaigns were presented in this meeting.

description: W-STEM (Building the future of Latin America: engaging women into STEM) is a project funded under European Union ERASMUS + Capacity-building in Higher Education Programme (598923-EPP-1-2018-1-ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsi­ble for any use which may be made of the information contained therein
Characterization of fast magnetosonic waves driven by compact toroid plasma injection along a magnetic field
Creators: name: Chu, F.
name: Langendorf, S. J.
name: Olson, J.
name: Byvank, T.
name: Endrizzi, D. A.
name: LaJoie, A. L.
name: McCollam, K. J.
name: Forest, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetosonic waves are low-frequency, linearly polarized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves commonly found in space, responsible for many well-known features, such as heating of the solar corona. In this work, we report observations of interesting wave signatures driven by injecting compact toroid (CT) plasmas into a static Helmholtz magnetic field at the Big Red Ball (BRB) Facility at Wisconsin Plasma Physics Laboratory (WiPPL). By comparing the experimental results with the MHD theory, we identify that these waves are the fast magnetosonic modes propagating perpendicular to the background magnetic field. Additionally, we further investigate how the background field, preapplied poloidal magnetic flux in the CT injector, and the coarse grid placed in the chamber affect the characteristics of the waves. Since this experiment is part of an ongoing effort of creating a target plasma with tangled magnetic fields as a novel fusion fuel for magneto-inertial fusion (MIF), our current results could shed light on future possible paths of forming such a target for MIF.
title: Rezension zu: Kropac, Ulrich / Riegel, Ulrich (Hg.): Handbuch Religionsdidaktik, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2021.
Creators: name: Stockinger, Helena
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2021

description: Österreichisches Religionspädagogisches Forum 29 (2021) 2 • 241–244
A long-range memory stochastic model of the return in financial markets
Creators: name: Gontis, V.
name: Ruseckas, J.
name: Kononovicius, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present a nonlinear stochastic differential equation (SDE) which mimics the probability density function (PDF) of the return and the power spectrum of the absolute return in financial markets. Absolute return as a measure of market volatility is considered in the proposed model as a long-range memory stochastic variable. The SDE is obtained from the analogy with earlier proposed model of trading activity in the financial markets and generalized within the nonextensive statistical mechanics framework. The proposed stochastic model generates time series of the return with two power law statistics, i.e., the PDF and the power spectral density, reproducing the empirical data for the one minute trading return in the NYSE.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Excitation of wakefields in carbon nanotubes: a hydrodynamic model approach
Creators: name: Martín-Luna, P.
name: Bonatto, A.
name: Bontoiu, C.
name: Xia, G.
name: Resta-López, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interactions of charged particles with carbon nanotubes may excite electromagnetic modes in the electron gas produced in the cylindrical graphene shell constituting the nanotube wall. This wake effect has recently been proposed as a potential novel method of short-wavelength high-gradient particle acceleration. In this work, the excitation of these wakefields is studied by means of the linearized hydrodynamic model. In this model, the electronic excitations on the nanotube surface are described treating the electron gas as a 2D plasma with additional contributions to the fluid momentum equation from specific solid-state properties of the gas. General expressions are derived for the excited longitudinal and transverse wakefields. Numerical results are obtained for a charged particle moving within a carbon nanotube, paraxially to its axis, showing how the wakefield is affected by parameters such as the particle velocity and its radial position, the nanotube radius, and a friction factor, which can be used as a phenomenological parameter to describe effects from the ionic lattice. Assuming a particle driver propagating on axis at a given velocity, optimal parameters were obtained to maximize the longitudinal wakefield amplitude.
Data Compression and Inference in Cosmology with Self-Supervised Machine Learning
Creators: name: Akhmetzhanova, Aizhan
name: Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth
name: Dvorkin, Cora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The influx of massive amounts of data from current and upcoming cosmological surveys necessitates compression schemes that can efficiently summarize the data with minimal loss of information. We introduce a method that leverages the paradigm of self-supervised machine learning in a novel manner to construct representative summaries of massive datasets using simulation-based augmentations. Deploying the method on hydrodynamical cosmological simulations, we show that it can deliver highly informative summaries, which can be used for a variety of downstream tasks, including precise and accurate parameter inference. We demonstrate how this paradigm can be used to construct summary representations that are insensitive to prescribed systematic effects, such as the influence of baryonic physics. Our results indicate that self-supervised machine learning techniques offer a promising new approach for compression of cosmological data as well its analysis.
description: 17 + 6 pages, 12 + 6 figures; replaced to match version accepted by MNRAS
Collapse of triaxial bright solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Mazzarella, G.
name: Salasnich, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study triaxial bright solitons made of attractive Bose-condensed atoms characterized by the absence of confinement in the longitudinal axial direction but trapped by an anisotropic harmonic potential in the transverse plane. By numerically solving the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation we investigate the effect of the transverse trap anisotropy on the critical interaction strength above which there is the collapse of the condensate. The comparison with previous predictions [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 66}, 043619 (2002)] shows significant differences for large anisotropies.
description: Accepted for the publication in Phys. Lett. A
From nearly homogeneous to core-peaking suspensions: insight in suspension pipe flows using MRI and DNS
Creators: name: Hogendoorn, Willian
name: Breugem, Wim-Paul
name: Frank, David
name: Bruschewski, Martin
name: Grundmann, Sven
name: Poelma, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) experiments have been performed in conjunction with Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) to study neutrally buoyant particle-laden pipe flows. The flows are characterized by the suspension liquid Reynolds number ($Re_s$), based on the bulk liquid velocity and suspension viscosity obtained from Eilers' correlation, the bulk solid volume fraction ($ϕ_b$) and the particle-to-pipe diameter ratio ($d/D$). Six different cases have been studied, each with a unique combination of $Re_s$ and $ϕ$, while $d/D$ is kept constant at 0.058. These cases ensure that the comparison is performed across different flow regimes, each exhibiting characteristic behavior. In general, an excellent agreement is found between experiment and simulation for the average liquid velocity and solid volume fraction profiles. This study presents, for the first time, accurate and quantitative velocity and volume fraction profiles of semi-dilute up to dense suspension flows using both experimental and numerical methods. The discrepancy between the experiments and simulations can be explained by various reasons, including a difference in particle size distribution, uncertainty in experimental parameters used as an input for the DNS, slight variations in particle roughness and frictional collisions in the simulations. Eventually, three different flow regimes are identified. For low bulk solid volume fractions a drag increase is observed. For moderate $ϕ_b$ the drag is found to decrease, due to particle accumulation at the pipe centre. For high volume fractions the drag is found to decrease further. For solid volume fractions of 0.4 a drag reduction higher than 25% is found. This drag reduction is linked to the strong viscosity gradient in the radial direction, where the relatively low viscosity near the pipe wall acts as a lubrication layer between the pipe wall and the dense core.
Design of microcavities in diamond-based photonic crystals by Fourier- and real-space analysis of cavity fields
Creators: name: Riedrich-Möller, Janine
name: Neu, Elke
name: Becher, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the design of two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavities in thin diamond membranes well suited for coupling of color centers in diamond. By comparing simulated and ideal field distributions in Fourier and real space and by according modification of air hole positions and size, we optimize the cavity structure yielding high quality factors up to Q = 320000 with a modal volume of V = 0.35 (lambda/n)^3. Using the very same approach we also improve previous designs of a small modal volume microcavity in silicon, gaining a factor of 3 in cavity Q. In view of practical realization of photonic crystals in synthetic diamond films, it is necessary to investigate the influence of material absorption on the quality factor. We show that this influence can be predicted by a simple model, replacing time consuming simulations.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures
48. Międzynarodowy Kongres Studiów Średniowiecznych, Kalamazoo, Mi. 9– 12 maja 2013 (Konferencja Studiów Cysterskich)
Creators: name: Groń, Ryszard
Publisher: name: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny
Year: 2020

description: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny, Vol 21 No 2 (2013)
Nuclear physics constraints from binary neutron star mergers in the Einstein Telescope era
Creators: name: Iacovelli, Francesco
name: Mancarella, Michele
name: Mondal, Chiranjib
name: Puecher, Anna
name: Dietrich, Tim
name: Gulminelli, Francesca
name: Maggiore, Michele
name: Oertel, Micaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next generation of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE), present a unique opportunity to put constraints on dense matter, among many other groundbreaking scientific goals. In a recent study the science case of ET was further strengthened, studying in particular the performances of different detector designs. In this paper we present a more detailed study of the nuclear physics section of that work. In particular, focusing on two different detector configurations (the single-site triangular-shaped design and a design consisting of two widely separated "L-shaped" interferometers), we study the detection prospects of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, and how they can reshape our understanding of the underlying equation of state (EoS) of dense matter. We employ several state-of-the-art EoS models and state-of-the-art synthetic BNS merger catalogs, and we make use of the Fisher information formalism (FIM) to quantify statistical errors on the astrophysical parameters describing individual BNS events. To check the reliability of the FIM method, we further perform a full parameter estimation for a few simulated events. Based on the uncertainties on the tidal deformabilities associated to these events, we outline a mechanism to extract the underlying injected EoS using a recently developed meta-modelling approach within a Bayesian framework. Our results suggest that with $\gtrsim 500$ events with signal-to-noise ratio greater than $12$, we will be able to pin down very precisely the underlying EoS governing the neutron star matter.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. v2 matches the version accepted for publication in PRD
New synthetic approaches to indolizidine and pyrrolidine alkaloids
Creators: name: Gourlay, BS
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis describes synthetic approaches towards indolizidine and pyrrolidine alkaloids. The total synthesis of indolizidine 167B, and its epi-analogue was achieved from D-norvaline, which was converted to an a-pyrrolic ester through a refined Clauson-Kaas pyrrole synthesis. The method was developed by investigating the reaction requirements for pyrrole synthesis, and it was found that a two-step, one pot procedure is far superior to current methods. Chain homologation gave the y-pyrrolic analogue, which underwent cyclisation to form the 5-propy1-6,7-dihydro indolizin-8(5H)-one core, which represented a formal synthesis of (-)-indolizidine 167B. An alternate reduction strategy of this derivative was developed using a dissolving metal reduction, which allowed access to epi-indolizidine 167B, allowing synthesis of both diastereomers from a common intermediate. This research was extended to the synthesis of higher homologues of the 5-alkyl indolizidines by using homoserine as the starting material. Pyrrole formation, chain homologation and mesylation gave an intermediate which was elaborated to give a formal synthesis of indolizidine 209D through cuprate chemistry. The synthesis of pyrrolidine alkaloids was also investigated using a [3+2] azomethine ylide cycloaddition as the ring-forming step. Investigation into diastereoselective pyrrolidine synthesis through lithium bromide mediated generation of stabilised azomethine ylides from imines and subsequent cycloaddition showed a lack of reactivity. Therefore pyrrolidine formation was achieved by in situ generation of a non-stabilised ylide through decarboxylation and subsequent cycloaddition with a dipolarophile. The non-stabilised ylide formed from N-methyl alanine and anisaldehyde underwent cycloaddition with 1,2-trans-bisphenylsulfonyl ethylene to give a pyrrolidine in a three component coupling reaction. Reductive desulfonation, epoxidation and ring-opening then yielded a C3-C4 cis diol isomer of the alkaloid codonopsinine. A formal synthesis of (¬¨¬±)-codonopsinine was also achieved from N-benzyl alanine. The azomethine ylide chemistry was further elaborated with the use of the chiral dipolarophile (-)-8-phenylmenthyl acrylate allowing the formal synthesis of ˜í‚â§-proline.
Novel reactivity of materials from porphyrins, and highly conjugated scaffolds
Creators: name: Lammer, Aaron David
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Porphyrin
Texaphyrin
Photo-catalyst
Hydrogel
Sensor

description: The study of photo responsive compounds is of immense importance to many fields of chemistry and materials development. As the need for green chemistry grows, light is an ever more attractive reagent. Light functions as a nondestructive, noninvasive implement in sensing systems. Light emitting materials have found extensive use in electric materials as devices are developed that require greater energy efficacy and flexibility. This dissertation covers the authors work in the synthesis and characterization of highly conjugated organic systems, and resulting interaction with light. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview of all projects explored in this dissertation. This summary includes the previous work and remaining challenges of each topic. Chapter 2 describes the development and utilization of texaphyrins as photo-catalysts in the break down of natural products. Chapter 3 describes our work toward photo activated hydrogels for targeted drug release. Chapter 4 describes the development of novel BODIPY systems for metal and fullerene binding. Chapter 5 describes the development of electroluminescent materials. Chapter 6 details the synthesis and characterization of compounds discusses in this dissertation.
Thermodynamic bounds on time-reversal asymmetry
Creators: name: Liang, Shiling
name: Pigolotti, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantifying irreversibility of a system using finite information constitutes a major challenge in stochastic thermodynamics. We introduce an observable that measures the time-reversal asymmetry between two states after a given time lag. Our central result is a bound on the time-reversal asymmetry in terms of the total cycle affinity driving the system out of equilibrium. This result leads to further thermodynamic bounds on the asymmetry of directed fluxes; on the asymmetry of finite-time cross-correlations; and on the cycle affinity of coarse-grained dynamics.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Modular Hamiltonian for de Sitter diamonds
Creators: name: Fröb, Markus B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the Tomita-Takesaki modular data for CFTs in double cone and light cone regions in conformally flat spacetimes. This includes in particular the modular Hamiltonian for diamonds in the de Sitter spacetime. In the limit where the diamonds become large, we show that the modular automorphisms become time translations in the static patch. As preparation, we also provide a pedagogical rederivation of the known results for Minkowski spacetime. With our results and using the Araki formula, it becomes possible to compute relative entanglement entropies for CFTs in these regions.
description: 58 pages, 10 figures. Matches published version
Vehicular fatalities : accident or suicide?
Creators: name: Gunn, CF
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Literature review. Vehicular suicide : overview and directions for future research. Suicide remains a significant public health problem, and a manner of death which is often misclassified by coroners. There are no standardised criteria for coroners to assist with manner of death determination, and the decisions as to which deaths are attributed to be suicides are often complex, and vary both between individual coroners, and coronial jurisdictions. Despite the variety of available means of suicide completion, only a few methods are commonly used (e.g., overdose, hanging). Often overlooked as a means of suicide is the fatal single vehicle crash. A motor vehicle presents an ideal means of suicide, due to ease of access, frequency of use, inherent risks involved, and the ability to conceal one's suicidal intent from others. Previous research has suggested that suicide by motor vehicle crash may be attributed to between 1.5% and 5.0% of all vehicular fatalities, but some motor vehicle fatalities are misclassified as accidents, with the true rate of suicide by motor vehicle crash unknown. Suicide prevention strategies have had limited success in reducing the rates of suicide by restricting the availability of access to means of suicide completion. Suicide by motor vehicle crash does not allow for this method of suicide prevention to be implemented, therefore further research is required to not only determine a more accurate account of the number of suicides by motor vehicle crash, but also to establish strategies to prevent suicide by motor vehicle crash and to clarify the parameters by which coroners determine an individual's manner of death. Empirical study. An examination of 100 closed coronial case files was conducted, (N 100) involving vehicular fatalities (the death of the driver, passenger, pedestrian or cyclist). Ninety-five percent of cases were determined by coroners to be accidental deaths, 2% were deemed to be suicides and 3% were not attributed a manner of death. Key features of each vehicular fatality were identified, including; speed travelled at the time of the crash, road and weather conditions, seatbelt use, substance use and psychological history. Backwards stepwise logistic regression was performed to explore the influence of certain variables on the likelihood a fatality was the result of suicide or an accident. The model indicated a statement of suicidal intent and the presence of alcohol to be significant variables in differentiating between an accident and suicide. This model correctly identified 98% of cases as either accident or suicide, highlighting two discrepant cases where regression analysis suggested a manner of death determination in contrast to that provided by the coroner. The results presented are consistent with previously reported figures concerning the rate of vehicular suicide and are discussed in terms of the implications of public health and road safety campaigns, as well as improvements in accuracy and consistency in the determination of manner of death.
Characteristic polynomials in real Ginibre ensembles
Creators: name: Akemann, G.
name: Phillips, M. J.
name: Sommers, H. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the average of two characteristic polynomials for the real Ginibre ensemble of asymmetric random matrices, and its chiral counterpart. Considered as quadratic forms they determine a skew-symmetric kernel from which all complex eigenvalue correlations can be derived. Our results are obtained in a very simple fashion without going to an eigenvalue representation, and are completely new in the chiral case. They hold for Gaussian ensembles which are partly symmetric, with kernels given in terms of Hermite and Laguerre polynomials respectively, depending on an asymmetry parameter. This allows us to interpolate between the maximally asymmetric real Ginibre and the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, as well as their chiral counterparts.
description: 9 pages; v2 typos corrected
Egg-cases of the swell shark, Cephaloscyllium ventriosum : formation, function, and population differences
Creators: name: Grover, Charles Allan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The swell shark, Cephaloscyllium ventriosum Garman (Scyliorhinidae), is an inshore, reef-dwelling, nocturnal species of the Eastern Pacific rim. Reproduction is oviparous. One ovary is developed. Ova are transported through the coelom by cilia, to a single ostium, which serves both oviducts. Egg formation is usually synchronous in both oviducts, and proceeds generally as in other elasmobranchs, but published and new data are combined in a new description of the egg-forming sequence. Photomicrographs show sperm stored in the shell-secreting tubules of the shell gland. This storage allows the production of fertile eggs in the absence of males for some months after mating. A membrane surrounds the embryo and yolk during the early stages of development, contrary to prior descriptions of related species. A chalaza-like structure is attached to this membrane. The young of this and several other oviparous species of sharks possess two dorso-lateral rows of enlarged denticles. In the swell shark, these appear to function in the emergence of the shark from the egg-case. Eggs are preyed upon in nature, possibly by a Stenoglossid gastropod. The sharks form at least two different populations, separated by as little as 30 km. The egg-cases of one population have no tendrils over 2cm.; the other population has long tendrils, to 2 m. Differences are also found in egg size and in the morphometrics of the adult sharks.
Broken time-reversal symmetry in cubic skutterudite-like superconductor Y$_3$Ru$_4$Ge$_{13}$
Creators: name: Kataria, A.
name: Verezhak, J. A. T.
name: Prakash, O.
name: Kushwaha, R. K.
name: Thamizhavel, A.
name: Ramakrishnan, S.
name: Scheurer, M. S.
name: Hillier, A. D.
name: Singh, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microscopic properties of superconducting cubic skutterudite-like material Y$_3$Ru$_4$Ge$_{13}$ are investigated using muon spin relaxation and rotation ($μ$SR) measurements. Zero-field $μ$SR measurements reveal the presence of a spontaneous internal field with a magnitude of $\approx$ 0.18~mT below the superconducting transition temperature, indicating broken time-reversal symmetry in the ground state. In line with previous experiments, transverse-field $μ$SR measurements are consistent with a fully developed superconductivity gap in Y$_3$Ru$_4$Ge$_{13}$. Our observations point towards the relevance of electronic correlations beyond electron-phonon coupling as origin and indicate that spin-orbit coupling is likely not the key driving force behind the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in this system.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Structure and interaction of flexible dendrimers in concentrated solution
Creators: name: Rosenfeldt, S.
name: Ballauff, M.
name: Lindner, P.
name: Harnau, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of mutual interaction on the conformation of flexible poly(propyleneamine) dendrimers of fourth generation in concentrated solution. Mixtures of dendrimers with protonated and deuterated end groups are investigated by small-angle neutron scattering up to volume fractions of 0.23. This value is in the range of the overlap concentration of the dendrimers. The contrast between the solute and the solvent was varied by using mixtures of protonated and deuterated solvents. This allows us to investigate the partial structure factors of the deuterated dendrimers in detail. An analysis of the measured scattering intensities reveals that the shape of the flexible dendrimers is practically independent of the concentration in contrast to the pronounced conformational changes of flexible linear polymers.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Spin Configuration in the 1/3 Magnetization Plateau of Azurite Determined by NMR
Creators: name: Aimo, F.
name: Kramer, S.
name: Klanjsek, M.
name: Horvatic, M.
name: Berthier, C.
name: Kikuchi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High magnetic field $^{63,65}$Cu NMR spectra were used to determine the local spin polarization in the 1/3 magnetization plateau of azurite, Cu$_3$(CO$_3$)$_2$(OH)$_2$, which is a model system for the distorted diamond antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain. The spin part of the hyperfine field of the Cu2 (dimer) sites is found to be field independent, negative and strongly anisotropic, corresponding to $\approx$10 % of fully polarized spin in a $d$-orbital. This is close to the expected configuration of the "quantum" plateau, where a singlet state is stabilized on the dimer. However, the observed non-zero spin polarization points to some triplet admixture, induced by strong asymmetry of the diamond bonds $J_1$ and $J_3$.
description: Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, in press (2009)
Suppression of Aggregation in Natural-Semiflexible/Flexible Polyanion Mixtures, and Direct Check of the OSF Model using SANS
Creators: name: Bonnet, Fabien
name: Schweins, Ralph
name: Boué, François
name: Buhler, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aggregation and other interactions are suppressed for a biological semiflexible polyelectrolyte, hyaluronan (HA), when it is embedded in a mixture with another negatively charged and flexible polyelectrolyte chain, sodium polystyrene sulfonate. We see directly HA only in the mixture using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, isotopic labelling and contrast matching. At low ionic strength, for which aggregation is usually seen for pure HA solutions, an unambiguous set of experimental results shows that we neither observe HA aggregation nor a polyelectrolyte peak (observed for solutions of single species); instead we observe a wormlike chain behaviour characteristic of single chain with a variation of the persistence length with the square of the Debye screening length, Le~κ^-2, as formerly predicted by Odijk and not yet observed on a polymer chain.