cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Invention as a Combinatorial Process: Evidence from U.S. Patents
Creators: name: Youn, Hyejin
name: Bettencourt, Luis M. A.
name: Strumsky, Deborah
name: Lobo, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Invention has been commonly conceptualized as a search over a space of combinatorial possibilities. Despite the existence of a rich literature, spanning a variety of disciplines, elaborating on the recombinant nature of invention, we lack a formal and quantitative characterization of the combinatorial process underpinning inventive activity. Here we utilize U.S. patent records dating from 1790 to 2010 to formally characterize the invention as a combinatorial process. To do this we treat patented inventions as carriers of technologies and avail ourselves of the elaborate system of technology codes used by the U.S. Patent Office to classify the technologies responsible for an invention's novelty. We find that the combinatorial inventive process exhibits an invariant rate of "exploitation" (refinements of existing combinations of technologies) and "exploration" (the development of new technological combinations). This combinatorial dynamic contrasts sharply with the creation of new technological capabilities -- the building blocks to be combined -- which has significantly slowed down. We also find that notwithstanding the very reduced rate at which new technologies are introduced, the generation of novel technological combinations engenders a practically infinite space of technological configurations.
description: Press embargo in place until publication
Zero-field composite Fermi liquid in twisted semiconductor bilayers
Creators: name: Goldman, Hart
name: Reddy, Aidan P.
name: Paul, Nisarga
name: Fu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have produced evidence for fractional quantum anomalous Hall (FQAH) states at zero magnetic field in the semiconductor moiré superlattice system $t$MoTe$_2$. Here we argue that a composite fermion description, already a unifying framework for the phenomenology of 2d electron gases at high magnetic fields, provides a similarly powerful perspective in this new context. To this end, we present exact diagonalization evidence for composite Fermi liquid states at zero magnetic field in $t$MoTe$_2$ at fillings $n=\frac{1}{2}$ and $n=\frac{3}{4}$. We dub these non-Fermi liquid metals anomalous composite Fermi liquids (ACFLs), and we argue that they play a central organizing role in the FQAH phase diagram. We proceed to develop a long wavelength theory for this ACFL state that offers concrete experimental predictions upon doping the composite Fermi sea, including a Jain sequence of FQAH states and a new type of commensurability oscillations originating from the superlattice potential intrinsic to the system.
description: Phys. Rev. Lett. journal version. Editors' Suggestion and Featured in Physics. main: 5 pages, 3 figures. SM: 5 pages, 3 figures
Reconstruire des chaînes de transmission
Creators: name: Hétier, Renaud
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2018

description: Le but de cette contribution est d'interroger les conditions relationnelles – et transitives - de l’éducation. C’est dans la mesure où l’on peut investir ces conditions qu’une transmission peut avoir lieu. Il s’agira d’abord, pour parvenir à cette perspective, de définir ce qui est de nature à rompre la chaîne de la transmission. Nous verrons ensuite que des médiations culturelles peuvent être privilégiées afin que la transmission soit possible et fasse sens à nouveau. Nous aborderons enfin la notion de transitivité, qui est de nature à inscrire le geste de transmission dans une relation, dans la perspective d’apprendre ensemble. Rebuild transfer chains The point of this contribution is to question the relational and transitive conditions of education. It is when we can invest these conditions that transfer can happen. To reach this perspective, we will first define what is likely to break the transfer chain. Then, we shall see that cultural mediations can be favoured so that transfer can be possible and make sense again. Finally we shall approach the concept of transitivity, which is likely to register the transfer act into a relationship, in order to learn together.
description: bildungsforschung, Nr. 1 (2017): Nous n’avons pas fini d’apprendre! Wir lernen immer weiter!
Knowledge translation intervention increased the use of outcome measures by physical therapists in inpatient rehabilitation
Creators: name: Romney, Wendy
name: Wormley, Michelle
name: Veneri, Diana
name: Oberlander, Andrea
name: Grevelding, Peter
name: Rice, Jennifer
name: Moore, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Outcome measures (OMs) have been emphasized by healthcare professions to optimize patient examination; however, a lack of regular use of OMs exists. The purpose of this study was to describe the outcome of a knowledge translation (KT) intervention to increase the use of OMs by physical therapists in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. A quasi-experimental pre-post study design was used. A multi-component KT intervention including education, organizational support, documentation, and environmental changes to increase the use of five OMs was implemented. Audit and feedback (A&F) was added to the KT intervention at month 6. Documented use of OMs was determined through manual chart audit (n = 864) and electronically (n = 2599). Regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with OMs use across time and diagnoses. Following the addition of A&F to the KT intervention at month 6, there was a significant increase in the odds of OMs use across all time intervals (months 6–12, 12–18, 18–24)(Odds Ratio (OR) 5.9, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 4.1–8.5; OR 8.5, 95% CI 6.0–12.1; OR 10.8, 95% CI 7.6–15). There was also a significant increase in the odds of documenting OMs on individuals with neurological diagnoses (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.5–0.8). This KT intervention increased and sustained OMs use over 24-months. This intervention can be replicated to improve the evidence-based practices of physical therapists.
Bias correction for the proportional odds logistic regression model with application to a study of surgical complications
Creators: name: Regenbogen, Scott E.
name: Lipsitz, Stuart R.
name: Gawande, Atul A.
name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
name: Sinha, Debajyoti
name: Fitzmaurice, Garrett M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The proportional odds logistic regression model is widely used for relating an ordinal outcome to a set of covariates. When the number of outcome categories is relatively large, the sample size is relatively small, and/or certain outcome categories are rare, maximum likelihood can yield biased estimates of the regression parameters. Firth (1993) and Kosmidis and Firth (2009) proposed a procedure to remove the leading term in the asymptotic bias of the maximum likelihood estimator. Their approach is most easily implemented for univariate outcomes. In this paper, we derive a bias correction that exploits the proportionality between Poisson and multinomial likelihoods for multinomial regression models. Specifically, we describe a bias correction for the proportional odds logistic regression model, based on the likelihood from a collection of independent Poisson random variables whose means are constrained to sum to 1, that is straightforward to implement. The proposed method is motivated by a study of predictors of post-operative complications in patients undergoing colon or rectal surgery (Gawande et al., 2007).
Major Solar Eruptions and High Energy Particle Events during Solar Cycle 24
Creators: name: Gopalswamy, N.
name: Xie, H.
name: Akiyama, S.
name: Makela, P.
name: Yashiro, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a study of all major solar eruptions that occurred on the front-side of the Sun during the rise to peak phase of cycle 24 (first 62 months) in order to understand the key factors affecting the occurrence of large solar energetic particle events (SEPs) and the ground levels enhancement (GLE) events. The eruptions involve major flares with soft X-ray peak flux >/= 5.0 x10-5 Wm-2 (i.e., flare size >/= M5.0) and accompanying coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The selection criterion was based on the fact that the only front-side GLE in cycle 24 (GLE 71) had a flare size of M5.1. Only ~37% of the major eruptions from the western hemisphere resulted in large SEP events. Almost the same number of large SEP events was produced in weaker eruptions (flare size
description: 29 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, to be published in a special issue of Earth, Planets, and Space
Does body scanning through visual imagery improve perception and function in patients after anterior cruciate ligament-reconstruction? An exploratory study
Creators: name: Amundsen, Olav
name: Starcevich, Cobie
name: Frisell, Even Johansen
name: Nordal, Tom
name: Williams, Sian
name: Mitchell, Tim
name: Beales, Darren
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Many people who have undergone Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)-reconstruction do not return to their pre-injury level, with nonphysical factors recognized as barriers to recovery. Fear of movement has been linked to body schema distortions, and interventions directed at the body schema have shown potential to improve function. 1) Describe participants’ ability to perform a visual imagery intervention (Body Scan); 2) investigate knee perception differences; 3) investigate if Body Scan led to improvements in perceptual differences; and 4) determine if some individuals improved in functional measures following the intervention. A single-arm intervention study was undertaken in people >12-month post ACL-reconstruction (n = 30). Body Scan was delivered using a standardized script developed for this study. Participants were assessed regarding their capacity to perform the Body Scan, perceptual differences between the knees and how perception changed following the intervention. Functional measures (vertical hop, triple hop, mSEBT, quadriceps strength, and hamstring strength) were taken. 96.7% were able to perform a Body Scan, with 93.1% demonstrating a difference in perception between the knees. Of participants with perceptual differences, 92.5% demonstrated improvement in perception following the intervention. Ten participants had a clinically significant improvement in a functional measure following the intervention. Most participants could perform Body Scanning. The majority perceived perceptual differences between operated and non-operated knees, and reported more symmetric perception following the intervention. One-third of participants also showed improvements in a functional performance measure. Results suggest this intervention may be a helpful adjunct to rehabilitation post ACL-reconstruction, with further research warranted.
Quand des collégiens forment des séniors à l’usage des outils connectés. Réciprocité intergénérationnelle et accompagnement à l’autoformation.
Creators: name: Pentecouteau, Hugues
name: Eneau, Jérôme
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2018

description: Réciprocité éducatrice intergénérationnelle : quand des collégiens forment des séniors au numérique. Cet article s’intéresse à un dispositif de formation mettant en scène des collégiens en difficulté scolaire, qui forment à l’usage d’outils connectés des séniors dans un Etablissement pour Personnes Agées Dépendantes. La recherche s’est déroulée dans un atelier auquel nous avons participé pendant sept mois, en tant qu’observateurs. Elle montre que, sous certaines conditions, la relation établie autour du numérique entre adolescents et séniors permet de favoriser à la fois une « autoformation accompagnée », pour les collégiens qui développent des savoirs et des compétences insoupçonnées, mais aussi une véritable « réciprocité formatrice », pour les jeunes comme pour les séniors. When young students train seniors with digital tools: intergenerational reciprocity and co-education. This paper presents an educational experimentation involving middle school students with learning disabilities who train seniors for the use of digital tools and connected software. The research took place in a specific workshop, based in an old people’s home for elderly dependent, where we spent seven months as observers. The results show that, under certain conditions, the relationship established around the digital devices between teenagers and seniors can promote new forms of training, as a self- and co-education, for college students who develop unsuspected knowledge and skills, but also a real "educational reciprocity" for both young and old learners.
description: bildungsforschung, Nr. 1 (2017): Nous n’avons pas fini d’apprendre! Wir lernen immer weiter!
A dynamic model for induced reactivation of latent virus
Creators: name: Webster-Cyriaque, J.
name: Banks, H.T.
name: Nguyen, H.K.
name: Kepler, G.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: We develop a deterministic mathematical model to describe reactivation of latent virus by chemical inducers. This model is applied to the reactivation of latent KSHV in BCBL-1 cell cultures with butyrate as the inducing agent. Parameters for the model are first estimated from known properties of the exponentially growing, uninduced cell cultures. Additional parameters that are necessary to describe induction are determined from fits to experimental data from the literature. Our initial model provides good agreement with two independent sets of experimental data, but also points to the need for a new class of experiments which are required for further understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Existe-t-il un véritable apprentissage mutuel dans les familles chinoises des parents-adolescents?
Creators: name: Zhen, Wu
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2018

description: Depuis les années 80, un groupe de chercheurs chinois a développé une théorie dite de la « rétro-alimentation culturelle », qui décrit un apprentissage mutuel parents-adolescents dans les familles chinoises d’aujourd’hui. Pourtant, d’autres auteurs mettent cette théorie en question, en soulignantle retour du confucianisme, qui insiste sur la hiérarchie entre les générations, mais il manque de preuve convaincante. Afin de résoudre cette controverse, nous présentons une étude basée sur une enquête menée dans 324 familles chinoises comprenant des adolescents, qui confirme les doutes sur l’existence d’un véritable apprentissage mutuel intergénérationnel avec une discussion concernant des causes structurelles. Does a real mutual intergenerational learning exist in Chinese parents-adolescents’ families? Since the 1980s, a group of Chinese researchers has developed a theory known as the “reverse cultural feeding”, which is used to describe a mutual learning process between parents and adolescents in today’s Chinese families. However, in consideration of the return of Confucianism, which maintains the generational hierarchy, other researchers put this theory into question, but without irrefutable evidence. In order to disentangle these controversies, through a survey with 324 Chinese families, we present our study which confirms the doubt on the existence of a real intergenerational mutual learning with a discussion on the structural causes.
description: bildungsforschung, Nr. 1 (2017): Nous n’avons pas fini d’apprendre! Wir lernen immer weiter!
Superfluid behavior of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a random potential
Creators: name: Könenberg, M.
name: Moser, T.
name: Seiringer, R.
name: Yngvason, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V70, 82D50

description: We investigate the relation between Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and superfluidity in the ground state of a one-dimensional model of interacting Bosons in a strong random potential. We prove rigorously that in a certain parameter regime the superfluid fraction can be arbitrarily small while complete BEC prevails. In another regime there is both complete BEC and complete superfluidity, despite the strong disorder.
Probability distribution of the number of distinct sites visited by a random walk on the finite-size fully-connected lattice
Creators: name: Turban, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability distribution of the number $s$ of distinct sites visited up to time $t$ by a random walk on the fully-connected lattice with $N$ sites is first obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem associated with the discrete master equation. Then, using generating function techniques, we compute the joint probability distribution of $s$ and $r$, where $r$ is the number of sites visited only once up to time $t$. Mean values, variances and covariance are deduced from the generating functions and their finite-size-scaling behaviour is studied. Introducing properly centered and scaled variables $u$ and $v$ for $r$ and $s$ and working in the scaling limit ($t\to\infty$, $N\to\infty$ with $w=t/N$ fixed) the joint probability density of $u$ and $v$ is shown to be a bivariate Gaussian density. It follows that the fluctuations of $r$ and $s$ around their mean values in a finite-size system are Gaussian in the scaling limit. The same type of finite-size scaling is expected to hold on periodic lattices above the critical dimension $d_{\rm c}=2$.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
A mathematical model for human nucleotide excision repair: Damage recognition by random order assembly and kinetic proofreading
Creators: name: Reardon, Joyce T.
name: Kaufmann, William K.
name: Elston, Timothy C.
name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Kesseler, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: A mathematical model of human nucleotide excision repair was constructed and validated. The model incorporates cooperative damage recognition by RPA, XPA, and XPC followed by three kinetic proofreading steps by the TFIIH transcription/repair factor. The model yields results consistent with experimental data regarding excision rates of UV photoproducts by the reconstituted human excision nuclease system as well as the excision of oligonucleotides from undamaged DNA. The model predicts the effect that changes in the initial concentrations of repair factors have on the excision rate of damaged DNA and provides a testable hypothesis on the bio-chemical mechanism of cooperativity in protein assembly, suggesting experiments to determine if cooperativity in protein assembly results from an increased association rate or a decreased dissociation rate. Finally, a comparison between the random order assembly with kinetic proofreading model and a sequential assembly model is made. This investigation reveals the advantages of the random order assembly/kinetic proofreading model.
Odd elastohydrodynamics: non-reciprocal living material in a viscous fluid
Creators: name: Ishimoto, Kenta
name: Moreau, Clément
name: Yasuda, Kento
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motility is a fundamental feature of living matter, encompassing single cells and collective behavior. Such living systems are characterized by non-conservativity of energy and a large diversity of spatio-temporal patterns. Thus, fundamental physical principles to formulate their behavior are not yet fully understood. This study explores a violation of Newton's third law in motile active agents, by considering non-reciprocal mechanical interactions known as odd elasticity. By extending the description of odd elasticity to a nonlinear regime, we present a general framework for the swimming dynamics of active elastic materials in low-Reynolds-number fluids, such as wave-like patterns observed in eukaryotic cilia and flagella. We investigate the non-local interactions within a swimmer using generalized material elasticity and apply these concepts to biological flagellar motion. Through simple solvable models and the analysis of {\it Chlamydomonas} flagella waveforms and experimental data for human sperm, we demonstrate the wide applicability of a non-local and non-reciprocal description of internal interactions within living materials in viscous fluids, offering a unified framework for active and living matter physics.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
A hetero-dimer model for concerted action of vitamin K carboxylase and vitamin K reductase in vitamin K cycle
Creators: name: Wu, Sangwook
name: Pedersen, Lee G.
name: Stafford, Darrel W.
name: Davis, Charles H.
name: Liu, Shubin
name: Kulman, John D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Vitamin K carboxylase (VKC) is believed to convert vitamin K, in the vitamin K cycle, to an alkoxide-epoxide form which then reacts with CO2 and glutamate to generate γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). Subsequently, vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is thought to convert the alkoxide-epoxide to a hydroquinone form. By recycling vitamin K, the two integral-membrane proteins, VKC and VKOR, maintain vitamin K levels and sustain the blood coagulation cascade. Unfortunately, NMR or X-ray crystal structures of the two proteins have not been characterized. Thus, our understanding of the vitamin K cycle is only partial at the molecular level. In this study, based on prior biochemical experiments on VKC and VKOR, we propose a hetero-dimeric form of VKC and VKOR that may explain the efficient oxidation and reduction of vitamin K during the vitamin K cycle.
A mechanochemical model for auto-regulation of lung airway surface layer volume
Creators: name: Elston, Timothy C.
name: Forest, M. Gregory
name: Lindley, Brandon
name: Tarran, Robert
name: Garcia, Guilherme J.M.
name: Button, Brian
name: Herschlag, Gregory
name: Reinhardt, Benjamin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We develop a proof-of-principle model for auto-regulation of water volume in the lung airway surface layer (ASL) by coupling biochemical kinetics, transient ASL volume, and homeostatic mechanical stresses. The model is based on the hypothesis that ASL volume is sensed through soluble mediators and phasic stresses generated by beating cilia and air drag forces. Model parameters are fit based on available data on human bronchial epithelial cell cultures. Simulations then demonstrate that homeostatic volume regulation is a natural consequence of the processes described. The model maintains ASL volume within a physiological range that modulates with phasic stress frequency and amplitude. Next, we show that the model successfully reproduces the responses of cell cultures to significant isotonic and hypotonic challenges, and to hypertonic saline, an effective therapy for mucus hydration in cystic fibrosis patients. These results compel an advanced airway hydration model with therapeutic value that will necessitate detailed kinetics of multiple molecular pathways, feedback to ASL viscoelasticity properties, and stress signaling from the ASL to the cilia and epithelial cells.
Violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in clean graphene layers
Creators: name: Principi, A.
name: Vignale, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wiedemann-Franz law, connecting the electronic thermal conductivity to the electrical conductivity of a disordered metal, is generally found to be well satisfied even when electron-electron (e-e) interactions are strong. In ultra-clean conductors, however, large deviations from the standard form of the law are expected, due to the fact that e-e interactions affect the two conductivities in radically different ways. Thus, the standard Wiedemann-Franz ratio between the thermal and the electric conductivity is reduced by a factor $1+τ/τ_{\rm th}^{\rm ee}$, where $1/τ$ is the momentum relaxation rate, and $1/τ_{\rm th}^{\rm ee}$ is the relaxation time of the thermal current due to e-e collisions. Here we study the density and temperature dependence of $1/τ_{\rm th}^{\rm ee}$ in the important case of doped, clean single layers of graphene, which exhibit record-high thermal conductivities. We show that at low temperature $1/τ_{\rm th}^{\rm ee}$ is $8/5$ of the quasiparticle decay rate. We also show that the many-body renormalization of the thermal Drude weight coincides with that of the Fermi velocity.
description: 6 pages, 5 appendices (13 pages)
A predictive mathematical model of the DNA damage G2 checkpoint
Creators: name: Blinov, Michael L.
name: Simpson, Dennis A.
name: Elston, Timothy C.
name: Kesseler, Kevin J.
name: Kaufmann, William K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A predictive mathematical model of the transition from the G2 phase in the cell cycle to mitosis (M) was constructed from the known interactions of the proteins that are thought to play significant roles in the G2 to M transition as well as the DNA damage- induced G2 checkpoint. The model simulates the accumulation of active cyclin B1/Cdk1 (MPF) complexes in the nucleus to activate mitosis, the inhibition of this process by DNA damage, and transport of component proteins between cytoplasm and nucleus. Interactions in the model are based on activities of individual phospho-epitopes and binding sites of proteins involved in G2/M. Because tracking phosphoforms leads to combinatorial explosion, we employ a rule-based approach using the BioNetGen software. The model was used to determine the effects of depletion or over-expression of selected proteins involved in the regulation of the G2 to M transition in the presence and absence of DNA damage. Depletion of Plk1 delayed mitotic entry and recovery from the DNA damage-induced G2 arrest and over-expression of MPF attenuated the DNA damage-induced G2 delay. The model recapitulates the G2 delay observed in the biological response to varying levels of a DNA damage signal. The model produced the novel prediction that depletion of pkMyt1 results in an abnormal biological state in which G2 cells with DNA damage accumulate inactive nuclear MPF. Such a detailed model may prove useful for predicting DNA damage G2 checkpoint function in cancer and, therefore, sensitivity to cancer therapy.
The most luminous AGN do not produce the majority of the detected stellar-mass black hole binary mergers in the local Universe
Creators: name: Veronesi, Niccolò
name: Rossi, Elena Maria
name: van Velzen, Sjoert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the increasing number of Gravitational Wave (GW) detections, the astrophysical origin of Binary Black Hole (BBH) mergers remains elusive. A promising formation channel for BBHs is inside accretion discs around supermassive black holes, that power Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). In this paper, we test for the first time the spatial correlation between observed GW events and AGN. To this end, we assemble all sky catalogues with 1,412 (242) AGN with a bolometric luminosity greater than $10^{45.5} {\rm erg\ s}^{-1}$ ($10^{46}\,{\rm erg\,s}^{-1}$) with spectroscopic redshift of $z\leq0.3$ from the Milliquas catalogue, version 7.7b. These AGN are cross-matched with localisation volumes of BBH mergers observed in the same redshift range by the LIGO and Virgo interferometers during their first three observing runs. We find that the fraction of the detected mergers originated in AGN brighter than $10^{45.5}\,{\rm erg\,s}^{-1}$ ($10^{46}\,{\rm erg\,s}^{-1}$) cannot be higher than $0.49$ ($0.17$) at a 95 per cent credibility level. Our upper limits imply a limited BBH merger production efficiency of the brightest AGN, while most or all GW events may still come from lower luminosity ones. Alternatively, the AGN formation path for merging stellar-mass BBHs may be actually overall subdominant in the local Universe. To our knowledge, ours are the first observational constraints on the fractional contribution of the AGN channel to the observed BBH mergers.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of a breastfeeding training DVD on improving breastfeeding knowledge and confidence among healthcare professionals in China.
Creators: name: Ma, Yuan Ying
name: Wallace, Louise L
name: Qiu, Li Qian
name: Kosmala-Anderson, Joanna
name: Bartle, Naomi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Humans
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Mothers
Breast Feeding
Teaching
Videodisc Recording
Adult
Health Personnel
China
Female
Male
Surveys and Questionnaires

description: Background: Despite almost all babies being breastfed initially, the rates of exclusive breastfeeding rate at six months is only 30% in China. Improving professionals' knowledge and practical skill is a key government strategy to increase breastfeeding rates. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a breastfeeding DVD training method for clinicians on improving their knowledge and confidence in breastfeeding support skills of teaching mothers Positioning and Attachment (P & A) and Hand Expression (HE). Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in three hospitals in Zhejiang province, China in 2014. Participants were recruited before their routine breastfeeding training course and randomly allocated to intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). The 15 minute "Breastfeeding: Essential Support Skills DVD" was the intervention for IG and vaginal delivery DVD was used for CG. All participants completed questionnaires of job information, knowledge and confidence in the two skills before (baseline) and immediately after viewing the DVD (post DVD). Results: Out of 210 participants, 191 completed knowledge assessments before and after watching the DVD (IG n=96, CG n=95), with the response rate of 91.0%. At baseline, there are no significant differences in job variables, knowledge scores and confident scores. The total knowledge score significantly increased post-DVD for IG (pre-DVD: M=5.39, SD=2.03; post-DVD: M=7.74, SD=1.71; t (95) =-10.95, p<0.01), but no significant change in total knowledge score for CG between pre- and post-DVD (pre-DVD: M=5.67, SD=1.70; post-DVD: M=5.56, SD=1.63; t (94) =0.85). The total confidence scores were significantly higher post-DVD than pre-DVD in IG (pre-DVD: M=66.49, SD=11.27; post- DVD: M=71.81, SD=9.33; t (68) =-4.92, p<0.01), but no significant difference was seen in CG between pre- and post-DVD total confidence scores (pre-DVD: M=68.33, SD=11.08; post-DVD: M=68.35, SD=11.40; t (65) =-0.25). Personal and job variables did not mediate these effects. Conclusions: The breastfeeding training DVD improved professionals' knowledge and confidence of the two breastfeeding support skills. However, the effect on professionals' practice and on breastfeeding outcomes needs to be examined in the future.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO ORGANIZING SPECIALISED MEDICAL CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
Creators: name: Kasimova, Nodirabegim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Congenital heart defects (CHD) are one of the most common anomalies among newborns, requiring specialized diagnostics and treatment. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the organization of medical care for children with CHD, which is associated with the introduction of innovative approaches, including new technologies for diagnostics, surgery and rehabilitation.
Tests of Loop Quantum Gravity from the Event Horizon Telescope Results of Sgr A$^*$
Creators: name: Afrin, Misba
name: Vagnozzi, Sunny
name: Ghosh, Sushant G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration's image of the compact object at the galactic center is the first direct evidence of the supermassive black hole (BH) Sgr A$^*$. The shadow of Sgr A$^*$ has an angular diameter $d_{sh}= 48.7 \pm 7\,μ$as with fractional deviation from the Schwarzschild BH shadow diameter $δ= -0.08^{+0.09}_{-0.09}\,,-0.04^{+0.09}_{-0.10}$ (for the VLTI and Keck mass-to-distance ratios). Sgr A$^*$'s shadow size is within $~10\%$ of Kerr predictions, equipping us with yet another tool to analyze gravity in the strong-field regime, including testing loop quantum gravity (LQG). We use Sgr A$^*$'s shadow to constrain the metrics of two well-motivated LQG-inspired rotating BH (LIRBH) models characterized by an additional deviation parameter $L_q$, which recover the Kerr spacetime in the absence of quantum effects ($L_q \to 0$). When increasing the quantum effects through $L_q$, the shadow size increases monotonically, while the shape gets more distorted, allowing us to constrain the fundamental parameter $L_q$. We use the astrophysical observables shadow area $A$ and oblateness $D$ to estimate the BH parameters. It may be useful in extracting additional information about LIRBHs. While the EHT observational results completely rule out the wormhole region in the LIRBH-2, a substantial parameter region of the generic BHs in both models agrees with the EHT results. We find that the upper bounds on $L_q$ obtained from the shadow of Sgr A$^*$ -- $L_q \lesssim 0.0423$ and $L_q \lesssim 0.0821$ for the two LIRBHs, respectively -- are more stringent than those obtained from the EHT image of M87$^*$.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Matched to the published version
Dealing With Non-Gaussianity of SAR-derived Wet Surface Ratio for Flood Extent Representation Improvement
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thanh Huy
name: Ricci, Sophie
name: Piacentini, Andrea
name: Simon, Ehouarn
name: Suquet, Raquel Rodriguez
name: Luque, Santiago Peña
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Owing to advances in data assimilation, notably Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), flood simulation and forecast capabilities have greatly improved in recent years. The motivation of the research work is to reduce comprehensively the uncertainties in the model parameters, forcing and hydraulic state, and consequently improve the overall flood reanalysis and forecast capability, especially in the floodplain. It aims at assimilating SAR-derived (typically from Sentinel-1 mission) flood extent observations, expressed in terms of wet surface ratio. The non-Gaussianity of the observation errors associated with the SAR flood observations violates a major hypothesis regarding the EnKF and jeopardizes the optimality of the filter analysis. Therefore, a special treatment of such non-Gaussianity with a Gaussian anamorphosis process is thus proposed. This strategy was validated and applied over the Garonne Marmandaise catchment (Southwest of France) represented with the TELEMAC-2D hydrodynamic model, focusing on a major flood event that occurred in December 2019. The assimilation of the SAR-derived wet surface ratio observations, in complement to the in-situ water surface elevations, is illustrated to consequentially improve the flood representation.
description: Copyright 2023 IEEE. Published in the IEEE 2023 International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2023), scheduled for July 16 - 21, 2023 in Pasadena, California, USA. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.01058
Effect of Nb Content and water quenching on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Nb alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Creators: name: Suesawadwanid, Nattawood
name: Khantachawana, Anak
name: Srirussamee, Kasama
name: Kondoh, Katsuyoshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology

description: Titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloys have been extensively studied for medical implants due to their advantageous mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the stress shielding effect remains a challenge. This research investigated the effects of Nb content and enhancement of α′′ formation on the mechanical properties of Ti-xNb alloys (x = 0, 5, 15 and 25%) fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Water quenching from the β phase induced α′′ phase formation in Ti-5Nb and Ti-15Nb samples, thereby reducing their Young’s modulus values but was not observed in commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti-25Nb. Results showed that heat treatment with water quenching induced α′′ phase formation and can be used to tailor the properties of Ti-Nb alloys fabricated by SPS. This technique can also be used to enhance material ductility at high β-stabilizer content, as observed in Ti-25Nb samples.
A chemical confirmation of the faint Bootes II dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Creators: name: Koch, Andreas
name: Rich, R. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a chemical abundance study of the brightest confirmed member star of the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Bootes II from Keck/HIRES high-resolution spectroscopy at moderate signal-to-noise ratios. At [Fe/H] = -2.93 +/- 0.03 (stat.) +/- 0.17 (sys.) this star chemically resembles metal-poor halo field stars and the signatures of other faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies at the same metallicities in that it shows enhanced [alpha/Fe] ratios, Solar Fe-peak element abundances, and low upper limits on the neutron-capture element Ba. Moreover, this star shows no chemical peculiarities in any of the eight elements we were able to measure. This implies that the chemical outliers found in other systems remain outliers pertaining to the unusual enrichment histories of the respective environments, while Bootes II appears to have experienced an enrichment history typical of its very low mass. We also re-calibrated previous measurements of the galaxy's metallicity from the calcium triplet (CaT) and find a much lower value than reported before. The resulting broad metallicity spread, in excess of one dex, the very metal poor mean, and the chemical abundance patterns of the present star imply that Bootes II is a low-mass, old, metal poor dwarf galaxy and not an overdensity associated with the Sagittarius Stream as has been previously suggested based on its sky position and kinematics. The low, mean CaT metallicity of -2.7 dex falls right on the luminosity-metallicity relation delineated over four orders of magnitude from the more luminous to the faintest galaxies. Thus Bootes II's chemical enrichment appears representative of the galaxy's original mass, while tidal stripping and other mass loss mechanisms were probably not significant as for other low-mass satellites.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
A randomized controlled trial evaluating airway inspection effectiveness during endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy
Creators: name: Arias, Sixto
name: Semaan, Roy
name: Thompson, Richard
name: Lee, Hans
name: Ortiz, Ricardo
name: Akulian, Jason
name: Feller-Kopman, David
name: Oakjones-Burgess, Karen
name: Yarmus, Lonny
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has revolutionized the evaluation of patients with mediastinal and hilar adenopathy. Limitations of conventional endobronchial ultrasound (C-EBUS) bronchoscopes include the inability to perform a complete airway inspection, low definition optics, and limited maneuverability. These limitations require the use of a standard bronchoscope to perform an airway examination prior to the EBUS procedure. Recently, a hybrid endobronchial ultrasound (H-EBUS) bronchoscope with high definition optics and increased maneuverability has been introduced. Our objective was to assess the ability of H-EBUS to perform a full airway inspection and TBNA.
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of Majorana zero modes in a Kitaev spin liquid
Creators: name: Bauer, Tim
name: Freitas, Lucas R. D.
name: Pereira, Rodrigo G.
name: Egger, Reinhold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe scanning tunneling spectroscopic signatures of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in Kitaev spin liquids. The tunnel conductance is determined by the dynamical spin correlations of the spin liquid, which we compute exactly, and by spin-anisotropic cotunneling form factors. Near a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ vortex, the tunnel conductance has a staircase voltage dependence, where conductance steps arise from MZMs and (at higher voltages) from additional vortex configurations. By scanning the probe tip position, one can detect the vortex locations. Our analysis suggests that topological magnon bound states near defects or magnetic impurities generate spectroscopic signatures that are qualitatively different from those of MZMs.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Solvability of an unsaturated porous media flow problem with thermomechanical interaction
Creators: name: Albers, Bettina
name: Krejčí, Pavel
name: Rocca, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Porous Media
subject: Existence of solutions
subject: Hysteresis
subject: 76S05
subject: 74H20
subject: 74N30

description: A PDE system consisting of the momentum balance, mass balance, and energy balance equations for displacement, capillary pressure, and temperature as a model for unsaturated fluid flow in a porous viscoelastoplastic solid is shown to admit a solution under appropriate assumptions on the constitutive behavior. The problem involves two hysteresis operators accounting for plastic and capillary hysteresis.
Dust and gas mixtures with multiple grain species - a one-fluid approach
Creators: name: Laibe, Guillaume
name: Price, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the single-fluid evolution equations describing a mixture made of a gas phase and an arbitrary number of dust phases, generalising the approach developed in Laibe & Price (2014a). A generalisation for continuous dust distributions as well as analytic approximations for strong drag regimes are also provided. This formalism lays the foundation for numeri- cal simulations of dust populations in a wide range of astrophysical systems while avoiding limitations associated with a multiple-fluid treatment. The usefulness of the formalism is illustrated on a series of analytical problems, namely the dustybox, dustyshock and dustywave problems as well as the radial drift of grains and the streaming instability in protoplanetary discs. We find physical effects specific to the presence of several dust phases and multiple drag timescales, including non-monotonic evolution of the differential velocity between phases and increased efficiency of the linear growth of the streaming instability. Interestingly, it is found that under certain conditions, large grains can migrate outwards in protoplanetary discs. This may explain the presence of small pebbles at several hundreds of astronomical units from their central star.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Order-disorder Peierls instability in the kagome metal (Cs,Rb)V$_3$Sb$_5$
Creators: name: Subires, D.
name: Korshunov, A.
name: Said, A. H.
name: Sánchez, L.
name: Ortiz, Brenden R.
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: Bosak, A.
name: Blanco-Canosa, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the charge density wave phases in the kagome metal compound AV$_3$Sb$_5$ has raised many questions and their origin is still under debate. Here, we combine diffuse scattering (DS) and inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) to identify a 3-dimensional (3D) precursor of the charge order with propagation vector (0.5 0 0.5), which condenses into a 3D-CDW through a first order phase transition. The quasi-elastic critical scattering indicates that the dominant contribution to the diffuse precursor is the elastic central peak without phonon softening. However, the inelastic spectra show a small broadening of the Einstein-type phonon mode on approaching the phase transition. Our results point to the situation where the Fermi surface instability at the \textit{L} point is of order-disorder type with a critical growth of quasi-static domains. The results go beyond the classical weak-coupling Peierls transition dynamics and are discussed within models including strong-electron phonon coupling and non-adiabaticity.
A logistic equation with nonlocal interactions
Creators: name: Caffarelli, Luis
name: Dipierro, Serena
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical models for biology
subject: local and nonlocal dispersals
subject: spectral analysis
subject: existence of nontrivial solutions
subject: 35Q92
subject: 46N60
subject: 35R11
subject: 60G22

description: We consider here a logistic equation, modeling processes of nonlocal character both in the diffusion and proliferation terms. More precisely, for populations that propagate according to a Lévy process and can reach resources in a neighborhood of their position, we compare (and find explicit threshold for survival) the local and nonlocal case. As ambient space, we can consider: beginitemize item bounded domains, item periodic environments, item transition problems, where the environment consists of a block of infinitesimal diffusion and an adjacent nonlocal one. enditemize In each of these cases, we analyze the existence/nonexistence of solutions in terms of the spectral properties of the domain. In particular, we give a detailed description of the fact that nonlocal populations may better adapt to sparse resources and small environments.