Grotiusomyia Girault 1918
Creators: name: Hansson, Christer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Grotiusomyia

description: Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917
Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917:95.
Type species Grotiusomyia flavicornis Girault, 1917:95, by monotypy. This description of the genus is valid under the Code, article 12 (ICZN 1999), even though intended only for the species (Bouček 1977). The description cited below, from 1918, includes a more detailed description of the genus.
Grotiusomyia Girault, 1918:125. Type species Miotropis nigricans Howard, 1894:106, by original designation.
Diagnosis. Head and body black and usually with metallic blue, bluish-green or purple tinges, strongly sclerotized and not collapsing after death. Clypeus convex with ventral margin semicircularly protruding (Fig. 74). Malar sulcus present. Mandibles either with a single row of small teeth (Fig. 112), or with one large tooth and a row of small teeth above large tooth at apex (Fig. 111). Occipital margin with a sharp edge at least behind ocellar triangle, sometimes with an edge along entire occipital margin. Mesoscutellum usually with strong and raised reticulation, without sublateral grooves. Dorsellum flat to slightly convex and shiny, smooth or with weak reticulation. Propodeum (Fig. 75) smooth; with a strong and complete median carina with a transverse ±semicircular cup in very anterior part; with step-like plicae, ending as a tooth that joins the supracoxal flange; propodeal callus with 6–22 setae. Fore wing with postmarginal vein 1.3–1.7× as long as stigmal vein. Petiole small and inconspicuous, partly hidden between forward pointing projections from medio-basal Gt 1.
Description. Eyes hairy; malar sulcus present, curved in ventral part; clypeus convex, with ventral margin protruding and rounded; apex of mandibles with a single row of small teeth, or with one large tooth and a row of small teeth above large tooth; antennal scrobes undelimited; frons between scrobes and eyes and vertex either with weak or strong reticulation; frons with part between scrobes and eyes with dense to sparse setation; occipital margin with a sharp edge. Antenna inserted above lower level of eyes, scape not reaching anterior ocellus; male scape somewhat enlarged, and slightly wider than in female; with six flagellomeres: four funiculars and two clavomeres, funiculars with a short stalk in anterior part, female with one small anellus, no anellus visible in male; male with unbranched flagellomeres. Pronotum rectangular, ±covered with setae, without a carina along anterior margin of pronotal collar. Mesoscutum with narrow and complete notauli; midlobe covered with setae, two pairs in posterior part longer than remaining setae. Mesoscutellum with strong reticulation, without sublateral grooves, with two pairs of long and strong setae, attached close to lateral margin of mesoscutellum, one pair in anterior part at same level as median part of axillae and one pair close to posterior margin. Axillae advanced forward with anterior margin just slightly in front of transscutal articulation. Dorsellum flat or slightly convex. Propodeum smooth; with a strong and complete median carina with a transverse ±semicircular cup in very anterior part; with step-like plicae, ending as a tooth that joins supracoxal flange; propodeal callus with 6–22 setae. Wings hyaline; fore wing with 5–8 setae on dorsal surface of submarginal vein; speculum present, closed below and towards base of wing; costal cell with 1–2 rows of setae on ventral surface, and with 2–18 setae along apico-dorsal margin; with a row of 12–25 admarginal setae below ±entire marginal vein on ventral side of membrane; postmarginal vein 1.3–1.7× as long as stigmal vein. Hind leg with two tibial spurs, longest spur 0.5–1× as long as T1. Petiole very short and transverse, almost hidden between forward pointing projections from medio-basal Gt 1. Gastral tergites strongly sclerotized, non-collapsing; Gt 1 smooth or, in a few species, with weak to strong reticulation, remaining tergites with weak reticulation; medio-basal Gt 1 with two forward pointing projections.
Distribution. Nearctic (Canada, new record; U.S.A., Girault 1917) and Neotropical (Central America, new record; the Caribbean, Howard 1894) regions.
Biology. Mainly ectoparasitoids on caterpillars of various Lepidoptera groups. Bouček (1977) recorded Hedylepta indicata (F.) (Pyralidae) and Urbanus proteus (L.) (Hesperiidae) as hosts for G. nigricans (Howard). Here Herpetogramma salbialis (Hampson) and Ategumia lotanalisDHJ09 (Crambidae), and Calpodes ethlius (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) are hosts recorded for G. annesmithae sp. nov. An additional new host record is an unidentified leafroller on Populus sp. (for G. septentrionalis sp. nov.).
Key to species
1. Female............................................................................................. 2
- Male.............................................................................................. 21
2. Antennal flagellum entirely yellowish-brown (Figs 46, 47).................................................... 3
- Antennal flagellum dark yellowish-brown to dark brown, in a few species with clava white........................... 4
3. Apex antennal clava blunt (Fig. 47)............................................. Grotiusomyia nigricans (Howard)
- Apex of antennal clava pointed (Fig. 46)..................... Grotiusomyia flavicornis Girault (North American species)
4. Gt 1 predominantly reticulate (Figs 22, 41).................................................................. 5
- Gt 1 smooth and shiny (e.g. Fig. 33)....................................................................... 6
5. Antennal clava white (Fig. 49); Gt 1 larger (Fig. 22), 0.6× the length of gaster............. Grotiusomyia albiclava sp. nov.
- Antennal clava dark brown (Fig. 62); Gt 1 smaller (Fig. 41), 0.4× the length of gaster....... Grotiusomyia reticulata sp. nov.
6. Antennal clava predominantly white (Fig. 60)....................................... Grotiusomyia leucaena sp. nov.
- Antennal clava pale brown to black....................................................................... 7
7. Dorsellum with postero-lateral parts incised and thus with postero-median part protruding (Fig. 43); fore wing with 8–18 setae in apico-dorsal part of costal cell (Figs 6, 15)............................................................... 8
- Dorsellum with posterior margin ±evenly rounded (e.g. Fig. 32); fore wing with 2–12 setae in apico-dorsal part of costal cell9
8. Frons with two white spots lateral to toruli and close to eye margin (Fig. 98); flagellomeres longer (Fig. 55), e.g. F3 1.2× and F4 1.3× as long as wide; gaster ovate (Fig. 28), 1.7× as long as wide.................. Grotiusomyia flavimacula sp. nov.
- Frons completely dark (Fig. 107); flagellomeres shorter (Fig. 68), e.g. F3 and F4 both 0.9× as long as wide; gaster long and narrow (Fig. 39), 2.3–2.5× as long as wide........................................... Grotiusomyia pilosa sp. nov.
9. Antenna with F4 0.6–0.8× as long as wide................................................................ 10
- Antenna with F4 1.1–1.5× as long as wide................................................................ 17
10. Antennal clava blunt at apex, F3 0.6× as long as wide (Fig. 48)....................... Grotiusomyia nigricans (Howard)
- Antennal clava pointed at apex, F3 0.7–0.8× as long as wide (e.g. Fig. 70)....................................... 11
11. Fore and mid coxae white to yellowish-white (Figs 10, 12)................................................... 12
- Fore and mid coxae yellowish-brown, pale brown, or dark brown.............................................. 13
12. Corner of mouth opening impressed, frons lateral of scrobes with relatively dense setation and strong reticulation (Fig. 101)......................................................................... Grotiusomyia lascrucensis sp. nov.
- Corner of mouth opening not impressed, frons lateral of scrobes with relatively sparse setation and weak reticulation (Fig. 104)......................................................................... Grotiusomyia nicoyae sp. nov.
13. Mandibles at apex with a large tooth and with a row of small teeth above large tooth (as in Fig. 111).................. 14
- Mandibles with a row of small teeth at apex, without large tooth (as in Fig. 112).................................. 15
14. Mandibles black with apex yellowish-brown (Fig. 109); face more hairy (Fig. 109)............ Grotiusomyia rubii sp. nov.
- Mandibles yellowish-brown (Fig. 102); face less hairy (Fig. 102)....................... Grotiusomyia jimenezi sp. nov.
15. Mesoscutellum with distinctly weaker reticulation than mesoscutum (Fig. 45); antennal scape dark brown (Fig. 71).............................................................................. Grotiusomyia septentrionalis sp. nov.
- Mesoscutellum and mesoscutum with same strong reticulation (Figs 23, 29); antennal scape yellowish-brown (Figs 51, 56).. .................................................................................................. 16
16. Mandibles dark brown to black with apex yellowish-brown, clypeus weakly protruding ventrally (Fig. 99)..................................................................................... Grotiusomyia guanacastensis sp. nov.
- Mandibles yellowish-white, clypeus strongly protruding ventrally (Figs 74, 96)......... Grotiusomyia annesmithae sp. nov.
17. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with different colour: mesoscutellum metallic purple to black, mesoscutum with metallic blue tinges (Figs 25, 35)................................................................................... 18
- Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with same colour (e.g. Fig. 30)............................................... 19
18. Mesoscutellum slightly flattened, with smaller and weaker meshes than mesoscutum (Fig. 35); mandibles with a large tooth at apex and with a row of small teeth above large tooth (as in Fig. 111)....................... Grotiusomyia noyesi sp. nov.
- Mesoscutellum convex, meshes with same size and strength as mesoscutum (Fig. 25); mandibles with a row of small teeth at apex, without large tooth (as in Fig. 112)........................................... Grotiusomyia azofeifai sp. nov.
19. Vertex with weak reticulation (Fig. 89)............................................ Grotiusomyia phalaros sp. nov.
- Vertex with strong reticulation (Figs 83, 114).............................................................. 20
20. Fore and mid coxae dark brown to black (Fig. 8); fore wing with weak infuscation just below stigmal vein, costal cell with 9–12 setae apico-dorsally (Fig. 8); Gt 6 with posterior margin curved forwards (Fig. 30).......... Grotiusomyia hansoni sp. nov.
- Fore and mid coxae predominantly to completely yellowish-brown; fore wing completely hyaline, costal cell with six setae apico-dorsally (Fig. 113); Gt 6 with posterior margin curved backwards (Fig. 113).......... Grotiusomyia flavicoxa sp. nov.
21. Gaster with a white to pale brown spot medio-basally (e.g. Fig. 38)............................................. 22
- Gaster completely dark (e.g. Fig. 20)..................................................................... 24
22. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with same colour (metallic purple) (Fig. 38).............. Grotiusomyia phalaros sp. nov.
- Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with different colour: mesoscutellum metallic purple to black, mesoscutum with metallic blue tinges (Figs 26, 36)................................................................................... 23
23. Mesoscutellum slightly flattened, with smaller and weaker meshes than mesoscutum (Fig. 36).. Grotiusomyia noyesi sp. nov.
- Mesoscutellum convex, meshes with same size and strength as mesoscutum (Fig. 26)....... Grotiusomyia azofeifai sp. nov.
24. Gt 1 with weak to strong reticulation (Figs 22, 42)........................................................... 25
- Gt 1 smooth, without reticulation (e.g. Fig. 20).............................................................. 26
25. Gt 1 long, 0.6× the length of gaster, with strong reticulation (Fig. 22).................... Grotiusomyia albiclava sp. nov.
- Gt 1 short, 0.4× the length of gaster, with very weak and superficial reticulation or without reticulation (Fig. 42)...................................................................................... Grotiusomyia reticulata sp. nov.
26. Dorsellum with postero-lateral parts incised and thus with postero-median part protruding (as in Fig. 43).............................................................................................. Grotiusomyia pilosa sp. nov.
- Dorsellum with posterior margin ±evenly rounded (e.g. Fig. 20)............................................... 27
27. Mesoscutellum with distinctly weaker reticulation than mesoscutum (as in Fig. 45); antennal scape dark brown (Fig. 72).......................................................................... Grotiusomyia septentrionalis sp. nov.
- Mesoscutellum and mesoscutum with same strong reticulation (Figs 20, 24); antennal scape yellowish-brown (Figs 48, 52).. .................................................................................................. 28
28. Antennal flagellum shorter (Fig. 48), 1.5× as long as width of head, F3 0.6× and clava 1.5× as long as wide....................................................................................... Grotiusomyia nigricans (Howard)
- Antennal flagellum longer (Fig. 52), 1.9× as long as width of head, F3 0.9× and clava 1.9× as long as wide....................................................................................... Grotiusomyia annesmithae sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Hansson, Christer, 2023, Review of Grotiusomyia Girault (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae), an exclusively New World genus, including 17 new species, pp. 39-77 in Zootaxa 5278 (1) on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7894979