cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electric Currents through J-shaped and Non-J-shaped Flare Ribbons
Creators: name: He, Yuwei
name: Liu, Rui
name: Liu, Lijuan
name: Chen, Jun
name: Wang, Wensi
name: Wang, Yuming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently solar flares exhibiting a double J-shaped ribbons in the lower solar atmosphere have been paid increasing attention in the context of extending the two-dimensional standard flare model to three dimensions, as motivated by the spatial correlation between photospheric current channels and flare ribbons. Here we study the electric currents through the photospheric area swept by flare ribbons (termed synthesized ribbon area or SRA), with a sample of 71 two-ribbon flares, of which 36 are J-shaped. Electric currents flowing through one ribbon are highly correlated with those through the other, therefore belonging to the same current system. The non-neutrality factor of this current system is independent of the flare magnitude, implying that both direct and return currents participate in flares. J-shaped flares are distinct from non-J-shaped flares in the following aspects: 1) Electric current densities within J-shaped SRA are significantly smaller than those within non-J-shaped SRA, but J-shaped SRA and its associated magnetic flux are also significantly larger. 2) Electric currents through SRA are positively correlated with the flare magnitude, but J-shaped flares show stronger correlation than non-J-shaped flares. 3) The majority (75\%) of J-shaped flares are eruptive, while the majority (86\%) of non-J-shaped flares are confined; accordingly, hosting active regions of J-shaped flares are more likely to be sigmoidal than non-J-shaped flares. Thus, J-shaped flares constitute a distinct subset of two-ribbon flares, probably the representative of eruptive ones. Further, we found that combining SRA and its associated magnetic flux has the potential to differentiate eruptive from confined flares.
description: accepted by ApJ
New Bounds On The CKM Matrix From B -> K pi pi Dalitz Plot Analyses
Creators: name: Ciuchini, M.
name: Pierini, M.
name: Silvestrini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new technique to extract information on the Unitarity Triangle from the study of B -> K pi pi Dalitz plots. Using the sensitivity of Dalitz analyses to the absolute values and the phases of decay amplitudes and isospin symmetry, we obtain a new constraint on the elements of the CKM matrix. We discuss in detail the role of electroweak penguins and outline future prospects.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. v2: extended discussion of electroweak penguins. v3: error in the treatment of electroweak penguins corrected. v4: misprint pointed out in hep-ph/0608243 corrected
When Will Ukraine be a Global Player on World Agricultural Markets?
Creators: name: Zorya, Sergiy
name: Von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan
name: Zorya, Sergiy
name: Von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Competitiveness
subject: Domestic Resource Cost
subject: Private Cost Ratio
subject: farm heterogeneity
subject: Eastern Europe

description: Competitiveness has been a subject of considerable attention in agricultural economics. In this paper we study the development of the international competitiveness of Ukrainian crop production between 1996 and 2001 using the concepts of Domestic Resource Cost and Private Cost Ratio. We distinguish between "average" and "best" farms to get a comprehensive picture of farm competitiveness in Ukraine. Our main conclusion is that agriculture responds quickly to incentives, and there are indications that Ukrainian agriculture has entered a phase of dynamic development. A shortage of human capital and physical bottlenecks in grain and oilseeds marketing could limit this development in coming years; if policy makers respond to these risks Ukraine could easily be a global player by the end of the current decade.
Spectral analysis, chiral disorder and topological edge states manifestation in open non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains
Creators: name: Ostahie, B.
name: Aldea, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate topological and disorder effects in non-Hermitian systems with chiral symmetry. The system under consideration consists in a finite Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain to which two semi-infinite leads are attached. The system lacks the parity-time and time-reversal symmetries and is appropriate for the study of quantum transport properties. The complex energy spectrum is analyzed in terms of the chain-lead coupling and chiral disorder strength, and shows substantial differences between chains with even and odd number of sites. The mid-gap edge states acquire a finite lifetime and are both of topological origin or generated by a strong coupling to the leads. The disorder induces coalescence of the topological eigenvalues, associated with exceptional points and vanishing of the eigenfunction rigidity. The electron transmission coefficient is approached in the Landauer formalism, and an analytical expression for the transmission in the range of topological states is obtained. Notably, the chiral disorder in this non-Hermitian system induces unitary conductance enhancement in the topological phase.
description: 25 pages,12 figures
Karrenberg, Friedrich, Gestalt und Kritik des Westens
Creators: name: Wendland, Heinz-Dietrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 9 Nr. 4 (1960): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 9, Heft 4
X-ray luminosity function of faint point sources in the Milky Way
Creators: name: Sazonov, S.
name: Revnivtsev, M.
name: Gilfanov, M.
name: Churazov, E.
name: Sunyaev, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess the contribution to the X-ray (above 2 keV) luminosity of the Milky Way from different classes of low-mass binary systems and single stars. We begin by using the RXTE Slew Survey of the sky at |b|>10 to construct an X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of nearby X-ray sources in the range 10^30
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, revised version accepted for publication in A&A
Iron status among infants 8-26 months of age in Vancouver and socio-cultural/dietary predictors of risk for iron deficiency anemia
Creators: name: Williams, Patricia Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The feeding practices of Chinese and Caucasian infants may place them at risk for IDA and its deleterious consequences. It is currently recommended that dietary assessment is used to screen 'high risk' infants for risk of IDA however, dietary instruments to assess iron nutrition among Caucasian and Chinese infants are not available. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the utility of dietary instruments for identifying Caucasian and Chinese infants ages 8-26 mths with poor iron status. Letters describing the study were sent to 1585 parents of potentially eligible infants identified through birth lists and 613 of these parents were contacted by telephone. Of these, 148 infants 8-26 mths of age, n=84 Caucasian, n=48 Chinese completed the study. Capillary blood samples were collected and analyzed for hemoglobin (Hgb), serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR). A 191-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the dietary intakes and sources of energy, iron and other dietary factors influencing iron absorption. Feeding history and current diet were assessed using a Socio-Cultural and Infant Feeding Questionnaire, a 3- day food record (3d-FR) and the interviewer-administered FFQ. The 3d-FR and FFQ were analyzed for dietary intakes and sources of energy, iron (total, heme and non-heme), vitamin C, calcium and dietary fibre using Food Processor®. The FFQ measures of total and heme iron intakes showed criterion validity compared with sTfRrferritin ratio (r=-0.33 and -0.27, respectively, P<0.001), and relative validity compared with 3d-FR measures of total and heme iron intakes (r=0.65 and 0.72, respectively, P<0.001). The prevalence of IDA (Hgb <110 g/L + serum ferritin <12 μg/L) was higher at ages 8-12 than 13-26 mths in Caucasian (15% vs. 4%) and Chinese (6% vs. 0%) infants (P=0.001). Low iron stores (serum ferritin <12 μg/L without IDA) was found in 30% of Caucasian and 19% of Chinese infants. The types and quantities of complementary foods fed, most notably the introduction of meats later than 9 mths of age, and subsequent low intakes of meats, in a predominandy breast milk diet were associated with the high prevalence of poor iron status among Caucasian infants. Four key dietary patterns were associated with poor iron status: 1) a history of no iron-fortified formula or supplemental iron; 2) cows' milk fed prior to 9 mths of age; 3) >800 g/day cows' milk/milk products; and 4) <30 g/day meats. Primary prevention initiatives should be targeted to 8-12 mth old Caucasian infants and include ways to ensure adequate intakes of heme iron or alternatives to this, and avoidance of early introduction or excessive quantities of cows' milk. Brief dietary-screening tools for detection of infants at risk for IDA are presented but need to be field-tested in future research.
Large few-layer hexagonal boron nitride flakes for nonlinear optics
Creators: name: Bernhardt, Nils
name: Kim, Sejeong
name: Froch, Johannes E.
name: White, Simon
name: Duong, Ngoc My Hanh
name: He, Zhe
name: Chen, Bo
name: Liu, Jin
name: Aharonovich, Igor
name: Solntsev, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a layered dielectric material with a wide range of applications in optics and photonics. In this work, we demonstrate a fabrication method for few-layer hBN flakes with areas up to 5000 $\rm μm$. We show that hBN in this form can be integrated with photonic microstructures: as an example, we use a circular Bragg grating (CBG). The layer quality of the exfoliated hBN flake on a CBG is confirmed by second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. We show that the SHG signal is uniform across the hBN sample outside the CBG and is amplified in the centre of the CBG.
A Stochastic Analysis of Proposals for the New US Farm Bill
Creators: name: Binfield, Julian C.R.
name: Adams, Gary M.
name: Westhoff, Patrick C.
name: Young, Robert E.
name: Binfield, Julian C.R.
name: Adams, Gary M.
name: Westhoff, Patrick C.
name: Young, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Stochastic simulation
subject: US Farm Bill
subject: policy analysis

description: Most of the large scale modeling systems used in the analysis of agricultural policies produce deterministic projections. In reality, however, the agricultural sector is subject to a high degree of uncertainty as a result of fluctuations in exogenous factors such as the weather or macroeconomic variation. A stochastic approach can provide additional information to policy makers regarding the implications of this uncertainty, through the use of stochastically generated projections. This paper also shows how deterministic analysis may result in systematic errors in the projection of some variables. As an applied example, the FAPRI model of the US agricultural sector is simulated stochastically to analyse the impact of proposals for the new US farm bill.
Additional file 1 of Economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of universal varicella vaccination
Creators: name: Pawaskar, Manjiri
name: Méroc, Estelle
name: Samant, Salome
name: Flem, Elmira
name: Bencina, Goran
name: Riera-Montes, Margarita
name: Heininger, Ulrich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy Systematic literature review.
Improving Image Coding for Machines through Optimizing Encoder via Auxiliary Loss
Creators: name: Iino, Kei
name: Akamatsu, Shunsuke
name: Watanabe, Hiroshi
name: Enomoto, Shohei
name: Sakamoto, Akira
name: Eda, Takeharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image coding for machines (ICM) aims to compress images for machine analysis using recognition models rather than human vision. Hence, in ICM, it is important for the encoder to recognize and compress the information necessary for the machine recognition task. There are two main approaches in learned ICM; optimization of the compression model based on task loss, and Region of Interest (ROI) based bit allocation. These approaches provide the encoder with the recognition capability. However, optimization with task loss becomes difficult when the recognition model is deep, and ROI-based methods often involve extra overhead during evaluation. In this study, we propose a novel training method for learned ICM models that applies auxiliary loss to the encoder to improve its recognition capability and rate-distortion performance. Our method achieves Bjontegaard Delta rate improvements of 27.7% and 20.3% in object detection and semantic segmentation tasks, compared to the conventional training method.
 \c{opyright} 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
description: Accepted at ICIP 2024
Irrational Responses in Contingent Valuation and Their Potential Impacts on Mean Stated Willingness-to-pay
Creators: name: He, Senhui
name: Florkowski, Wojciech J.
name: Jordan, Jeffrey L.
name: He, Senhui
name: Florkowski, Wojciech J.
name: Jordan, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: contingent valuation
subject: elicitation format
subject: irrational responses
subject: Willingness to pay

description: This paper addresses the issue of rationality of responses in contingent valuation. We found a significant portion of respondents stated a positive willingness-to-pay for a project they perceived to be worthless. The irrational responses had a significant impact on the mean stated willingness-to-pay and the effect can not be removed by simply excluding the those observations from estimation. The dichotomous-choice elicitation format helps to mitigate the effect of the irrational responses, but can not completely solve the problem.
Super-critical Accretion Flows around Black Holes: Two-dimensional, Radiation-pressure-dominated Disks with Photon-trapping
Creators: name: Ohsuga, K.
name: Mori, M.
name: Nakamoto, T.
name: Mineshige, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-steady structure of super-critical accretion flows around a black hole is studied based on the two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamical (2D-RHD) simulations. The super-critical flow is composed of two parts: the disk region and the outflow regions above and below the disk. Within the disk region the circular motion as well as the patchy density structure are observed, which is caused by Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and probably by convection. The mass-accretion rate decreases inward, roughly in proportion to the radius, and the remaining part of the disk material leaves the disk to form outflow because of strong radiation pressure force. We confirm that photon trapping plays an important role within the disk. Thus, matter can fall onto the black hole at a rate exceeding the Eddington rate. The emission is highly anisotropic and moderately collimated so that the apparent luminosity can exceed the Eddington luminosity by a factor of a few in the face-on view. The mass-accretion rate onto the black hole increases with increase of the absorption opacity (metalicity) of the accreting matter. This implies that the black hole tends to grow up faster in the metal rich regions as in starburst galaxies or star-forming regions.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ (Volume 628, July 20, 2005 issue)
Where Do Developing Countries Go After Doha? An analysis of WTO positions and potential alliances
Creators: name: Bjornskov, Christian
name: Lind, Kim Martin
name: Bjornskov, Christian
name: Lind, Kim Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: In the wake of the November 2001 Ministerial Conference in Doha, the positions of most members of the World Trade Organisation diverge, reflecting a large extent of disagreement within the organisation. This paper attempts to organise these positions and thereby inspire a debate on the possibility of collusion in the coming round of trade negotiations with a particular focus on the options of developing countries. Members' positions on a range of issues identified as important in the coming round are rated and used as inputs in a correlation analysis and two forms of cluster analyses to identify potential alliances between members with reasonably similar positions. The paper identifies nine clusters of countries that are internally similar. Among these clusters, the positions of most developing countries are most similar to the positions of the so-called Cairns group and the US, whereas the European Union and Norway are significantly isolated and positioned far away from the developing countries. The paper concludes that developing countries have opportunities of forming alliances with specific developed countries in order to promote their trade objectives in the coming round of negotiations.
Interferometric Graph Transform: a Deep Unsupervised Graph Representation
Creators: name: Oyallon, Edouard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose the Interferometric Graph Transform (IGT), which is a new class of deep unsupervised graph convolutional neural network for building graph representations. Our first contribution is to propose a generic, complex-valued spectral graph architecture obtained from a generalization of the Euclidean Fourier transform. We show that our learned representation consists of both discriminative and invariant features, thanks to a novel greedy concave objective. From our experiments, we conclude that our learning procedure exploits the topology of the spectral domain, which is normally a flaw of spectral methods, and in particular our method can recover an analytic operator for vision tasks. We test our algorithm on various and challenging tasks such as image classification (MNIST, CIFAR-10), community detection (Authorship, Facebook graph) and action recognition from 3D skeletons videos (SBU, NTU), exhibiting a new state-of-the-art in spectral graph unsupervised settings.
Electron-positron annihilation into four charged pions and the a_1-rho-pi Lagrangian
Creators: name: Lichard, Peter
name: Juran, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excitation curve of e+e- annihilation into four charged pions in the rho(770) region is calculated using three existing models with rho mesons and pions in intermediate states supplemented by Feynman diagrams with the a_1(1260)pi intermediate states. A two-term phenomenological Lagrangian of the a_1-rho-pi interaction is used. The mixing angle is determined by fitting the e+e- --> pi+pi-pi+pi- cross section data of the Novosibirsk CMD-2 collaboration and also its combination with the low-energy part of the BaBar collaboration data. It is shown that the inclusion of the a_1-pi intermediate states succeeds in obtaining a good agreement with the data on both cross section and the rho^0 --> pi+pi-pi+pi- decay width. When moving to energies above 1 GeV, the rho(1450) and rho(1700) resonances are taken into account to get excellent agreement with the BaBar data over the full energy range up to 4.5 GeV.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Largely extended. The title changed to reflect new content
Ferromagnetic Weyl Fermions in Two-Dimensional Layered Electride Gd$_2$C
Creators: name: Liu, Shuyuan
name: Wang, Chongze
name: Liu, Liangliang
name: Choi, Jin-Ho
name: Kim, Hyun-Jung
name: Jia, Yu
name: Park, Chul Hong
name: Cho, Jun-Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, two-dimensional layered electrides have emerged as a new class of materials which possess anionic electron layers in the interstitial spaces between cationic layers. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we discover a time-reversal-symmetry-breaking Weyl semimetal phase in a unique two-dimensional layered ferromagnetic (FM) electride Gd$_2$C. It is revealed that the crystal field mixes the interstitial electron states and Gd 5$d$ orbitals near the Fermi energy to form band inversions. Meanwhile, the FM order induces two spinful Weyl nodal lines (WNLs), which are converted into multiple pairs of Weyl nodes through spin-orbit coupling. Further, we not only identify Fermi-arc surface states connecting the Weyl nodes but also predict a large intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity due to the Berry curvature produced by the gapped WNLs. Our findings demonstrate the existence of Weyl fermions in the room-temperature FM electride Gd$_2$C, therefore offering a new platform to investigate the intriguing interplay between electride materials and magnetic Weyl physics.
Additional file 2 of Economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of universal varicella vaccination
Creators: name: Pawaskar, Manjiri
name: Méroc, Estelle
name: Samant, Salome
name: Flem, Elmira
name: Bencina, Goran
name: Riera-Montes, Margarita
name: Heininger, Ulrich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Data management.
Circumbinary Disks of the Protostellar Binary Systems in the L1551 Region
Creators: name: Takakuwa, Shigehisa
name: Saigo, Kazuya
name: Matsumoto, Tomoaki
name: Saito, Masao
name: Lim, Jeremy
name: Yen, Hsi-Wei
name: Ohashi, Nagayoshi
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
name: Looney, Leslie W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ALMA Cycle 4 observations of the Class I binary protostellar system L1551 IRS 5 in the 0.9-mm continuum emission, C18O (J=3-2), OCS (J=28-27), and four other Band 7 lines. At ~0.07" (= 10 au) resolution in the 0.9 mm emission, two circumstellar disks (CSDs) associated with the binary protostars are separated from the circumbinary disk (CBD). The CBD is resolved into two spiral arms, one connecting to the CSD around the northern binary source, Source N, and the other to Source S. As compared to the CBD in the neighboring protobinary system L1551 NE, the CBD in L1551 IRS 5 is more compact (r ~150 au) and the m=1 mode of the spirals found in L1551 NE is less obvious in L1551 IRS 5. Furthermore, the dust and molecular-line brightness temperatures of CSDs and CBD reach >260 K and >100 K, respectively, in L1551 IRS 5, much hotter than those in L1551 NE. The gas motions in the spiral arms are characterized by rotation and expansion. Furthermore, the transitions from the CBD to the CSD rotations at around the L2 and L3 Lagrangian points and gas motions around the L1 point are identified. Our numerical simulations reproduce the observed two spiral arms and expanding gas motion as a result of gravitational torques from the binary, transitions from the CBD to the CSD rotations, and the gas motion around the L1 point. The higher temperature in L1551 IRS 5 likely reflects the inferred FU-Ori event.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
Additional file 3 of Economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of universal varicella vaccination
Creators: name: Pawaskar, Manjiri
name: Méroc, Estelle
name: Samant, Salome
name: Flem, Elmira
name: Bencina, Goran
name: Riera-Montes, Margarita
name: Heininger, Ulrich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Estimated disease burden in absence of UVV: annual varicella cases, deaths and resource utilization by country and age group.
Regulatory Institutions in Agricultural Markets: A Comparative Analysis
Creators: name: Sorensen, Ann-Christin
name: Tennbakk, Berit
name: Sorensen, Ann-Christin
name: Tennbakk, Berit
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: cooperative
subject: marketing board
subject: multifunctionality
subject: oligopsony
subject: trade

description: We have employed a simple model to analyse market regulation in a situation with multifunctional agricultural production, i.e., a public good produced jointly with a private good, and where there is imperfect competition in processing. We have analysed the impact on welfare of two archetype regulatory institutions formed to overcome the market imperfections. The institutions, a Regulatory Marketing Board and a Regulatory Marketing Cooperative, are both represented in the Norwegian agricultural market. Taking into account the cost of public funds, we find that the Board in general ensures the highest social welfare. The Cooperative does not replicate the Board solution unless restricted by a price cap and in combination with a production subsidy. If the restricted Cooperative is able to practise a higher degree of cost sharing than the Board, it may however produce the highest welfare.
Holomorphic injectivity and the Hopf map
Creators: name: Nollet, Scott
name: Xavier, Frederico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14R15

description: We give sharp conditions on a local biholomorphism $F:X \to \mathbb C^{n}$ which ensure global injectivity. For $n \geq 2$, such a map is injective if for each complex line $l \subset \mathbb C^{n}$, the pre-image $F^{-1}(l)$ embeds holomorphically as a connected domain into $\mathbb C \mathbb P^{1}$, the embedding being unique up to Möbius transformation. In particular, $F$ is injective if the pre-image of every complex line is connected and conformal to $\mathbb C$. The proof uses the topological fact that the natural map $\mathbb R \mathbb P^{2n-1} \to \mathbb C \mathbb P^{n-1}$ associated to the Hopf map admits no continuous sections and the classical Bieberbach-Gronwall estimates from complex analysis.
description: LaTeX, 10 pages, to appear in Geom. and Funct. Anal
Non-utopian optical properties computed of a tomographically reconstructed real photonic nanostructure
Creators: name: van Willenswaard, Lars J. Corbijn
name: Smeets, Stef
name: Renaud, Nicolas
name: Schlottbom, Matthias
name: van der Vegt, Jaap J. W.
name: Vos, Willem L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: State-of-the-art computational methods combined with common idealized structural models provide an incomplete understanding of experiments on real nanostructures, since manufacturing introduces unavoidable deviations from the design. We propose to close this knowledge gap by using the real structure of a manufactured crystal as input in computations to obtain a realistic comparison with observations on the same nanostructure. We demonstrate this approach on the structure of a real silicon inverse woodpile photonic bandgap crystal, obtained by previous synchrotron X-ray imaging. A 2D part of the dataset is selected and processed into a computational mesh suitable for a Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method (DGFEM) to compute optical transmission spectra that are compared to those of a utopian crystal, i.e., a hypothetical model crystal with the same filling fraction where all pores are identical and circular. The nanopore shapes in the real crystal differ in a complex way from utopian pores, leading to a complex transmission spectrum with significant frequency speckle in and beyond the gap. The utopian model provides only a limited understanding of the spectrum: while it accurately predicts low frequency finite-size fringes and the lower band edge, the upper band edge is off, it completely misses the presence of speckle, the domination of speckle above the gap, and possible Anderson localized states in the gap. Moreover, unlike experiments where only external probes are available, numerical methods allow to study all fields everywhere. While the pore shapes hardly affect the fields at low frequency, major differences occur at high frequency such as localized fields deep inside the real crystal. In summary, using only external measurements and utopian models may give an erroneous picture of the fields and the LDOS inside a real crystal, which is remedied by our new approach.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures, including 1 supplement; published version
Electron Interference as a Probe of Majorana Zero Modes
Creators: name: Drechsler, Nadav
name: Lesser, Omri
name: Oreg, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in topological superconductors remains challenging, as localized non-topological states can mimic MZM signatures. Here, we propose electron interferometry by non-local transport measurements as a definitive probe to distinguish MZMs from non-topological states. We develop an analytical minimal model showing that interference via two MZMs exhibits a robust pattern, in contrast to a non-topological system. We then numerically confirm this using various topological superconductor models. We find that MZMs are characterized by an interference pattern that is insensitive to various perturbations, such as electrostatic gate potential, and resilient to disorder. Our proposed interferometry approach offers an experimentally accessible means to detect MZMs, probing their underlying nature through a universal response.
description: 5+6 pages, 3+5 figures
NestFuse: An Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Architecture based on Nest Connection and Spatial/Channel Attention Models
Creators: name: Li, Hui
name: Wu, Xiao-Jun
name: Durrani, Tariq
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we propose a novel method for infrared and visible image fusion where we develop nest connection-based network and spatial/channel attention models. The nest connection-based network can preserve significant amounts of information from input data in a multi-scale perspective. The approach comprises three key elements: encoder, fusion strategy and decoder respectively. In our proposed fusion strategy, spatial attention models and channel attention models are developed that describe the importance of each spatial position and of each channel with deep features. Firstly, the source images are fed into the encoder to extract multi-scale deep features. The novel fusion strategy is then developed to fuse these features for each scale. Finally, the fused image is reconstructed by the nest connection-based decoder. Experiments are performed on publicly available datasets. These exhibit that our proposed approach has better fusion performance than other state-of-the-art methods. This claim is justified through both subjective and objective evaluation. The code of our fusion method is available at https://github.com/hli1221/imagefusion-nestfuse
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Governance of the Agri-food Chains as a Vector of Credibility for Quality Signalization in Europe
Creators: name: Raynaud, Emmanuel
name: Sauvee, Loic
name: Valceschini, Egizio
name: Raynaud, Emmanuel
name: Sauvee, Loic
name: Valceschini, Egizio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: alignment
subject: credibility
subject: governance structures
subject: quality signals

description: For many agricultural products, the quality of the final products strongly depends on different stages of the productive chain. This stresses the importance of relationships between quality signal owners and suppliers in the vertical chain. Based on a New Institutional Economics analysis, the goal of this paper is twofold: (i) to design a framework to study the links between quality signaling, coordination in the supply chains and the institutional environment, (ii) to conduct a comparative analysis to identify, compare and explain the modes of organization implemented for the governance of different quality signs. The general hypothesis is that, in order to assure the credibility of a quality signal, there must be an efficient alignment between quality characteristics and governance of the supply chain. To test this general hypothesis, we have conducted a comparative analysis of 42 case studies in 3 sectors (processed meat, cheese, fruit and vegetable sectors) from 7 European countries. This diversity allows us to compare the organizations designed to govern different quality signals in different institutional environments and to test the matching between quality signals and governance structures.
Intergenerational Succession on Family Farms: Evidence from Survey Data
Creators: name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Tietje, Hendrik
name: Weiss, Christoph R.
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Tietje, Hendrik
name: Weiss, Christoph R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: farm succession
subject: survey data
subject: econometric analysis

description: This study examines family farms and characteristics affecting farm succession. Based on a farm survey, three aspects of succession are analysed in the paper: the probability of family succession; the likelihood of having a successor designated; and the timing of succession. Large and specialised farms are more likely to be transferred within the family and to have appointed a successor. The number of family members, as well as the experience of farm operator, is also significantly related to the succession behaviour. The probabilities of succession, and of having a successor, first increase with age and then decline again. Furthermore, timing of succession is delayed as the farm holder ages, suggesting most farm operators' succession plans to be inconsistent over time. In addition, we find a significant interrelationship between the different aspects of succession indicating that decisions on family succession, the designation of a successor, as well as the timing of succession, are not separable.
Design and Visual Servoing Control of a Hybrid Dual-Segment Flexible Neurosurgical Robot for Intraventricular Biopsy
Creators: name: Chen, Jian
name: Chen, Mingcong
name: Zhao, Qingxiang
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Wang, Yihe
name: Xiao, Ying
name: Hu, Jian
name: Chan, Danny Tat Ming
name: Yeung, Kam Tong Leo
name: Chan, David Yuen Chung
name: Liu, Hongbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Traditional rigid endoscopes have challenges in flexibly treating tumors located deep in the brain, and low operability and fixed viewing angles limit its development. This study introduces a novel dual-segment flexible robotic endoscope MicroNeuro, designed to perform biopsies with dexterous surgical manipulation deep in the brain. Taking into account the uncertainty of the control model, an image-based visual servoing with online robot Jacobian estimation has been implemented to enhance motion accuracy. Furthermore, the application of model predictive control with constraints significantly bolsters the flexible robot's ability to adaptively track mobile objects and resist external interference. Experimental results underscore that the proposed control system enhances motion stability and precision. Phantom testing substantiates its considerable potential for deployment in neurosurgery.
description: Accepted by IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2024, 7 pages, 9 figures
Agriculture and Income Distribution: Insights from a SAM of the Italian Economy
Creators: name: Rocchi, Benedetto
name: Romano, Donato
name: Stefani, Gianluca
name: Rocchi, Benedetto
name: Romano, Donato
name: Stefani, Gianluca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Social accounting matrix
subject: agriculture
subject: income distribution
subject: Italy

description: The paper presents the results of the first SAM analysis of the agricultural sector in Italy. A SAM of the Italian economy has been properly modified in order to focus the analysis on agriculture. Two type of analysis have been carried out: (i) a multiplier analysis, and (ii) an assessment of the distributive impacts of different agricultural policies. This paper proposes also a new method for disaggregating the institutional sectors and production factors in order to analyze income distribution within the economy, with special emphasis on the agricultural sector. Main results are: (i) "fully" decoupled income supporting schemes (transfers to agricultural households) are the most equitable interventions and determine a perfect targeting of the distributive effect on the relevant institutional sectors; (ii) "partially" decoupled income supporting interventions, as the ones implemented under the current CAP, are more effective than others in indirectly (i.e., through multiplier effects) generating positive impacts on the income of agricultural households; (iii) agricultural price support interventions show less desirable effects in terms of their distributive impacts: they are less effective as agricultural income-increasing policies and their distributive impacts are biased against poorer households both in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors.
Additional file 1 of Millennium time-scale experiments on climate-carbon cycle with doubled CO2 concentration
Creators: name: Hajima, Tomohiro
name: Yamamoto, Akitomo
name: Kawamiya, Michio
name: Xuanming Su
name: Watanabe, Michio
name: Ohgaito, Rumi
name: Tatebe, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1:. Supplemental Materials
31582: David Isaac Griffiths: memorial card and letters
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Letters written by David Isaac Griffiths to his cousin Batchie Griffiths, of Llandovery, between November 1916 and April 1917. The last letter, written on Good Friday (6 April 1917) includes the sentence "I am staying today in what might be called a prehistoric home", perhaps referring to the tunnels used in the preparations for the Battle of Arras. This letter is postmarked 9 April, the first day of the First Battle of the Scarpe: David was killed the following day. There are no letters dated January or February 1917: he seems to have been in hospital for all or part of this time. Note: David was known in my family as David Goleugoed, from the name of his parent's farm.
Additional file 2 of Tuning parameters of dimensionality reduction methods for single-cell RNA-seq analysis
Creators: name: Raimundo, Felix
name: Celine Vallot
name: Vert, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 2 Review history.
INSTITUTIONS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICA
Creators: name: Fulginiti, Lilyan E.
name: Perrin, Richard K.
name: Yu, Bingxin
name: Fulginiti, Lilyan E.
name: Perrin, Richard K.
name: Yu, Bingxin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Productivity Analysis

description: Agricultural productivity in 41 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries from 1960 to 1999 is examined by estimating a semi-nonparametric Fourier production frontier. Over the four decades the estimated rate of productivity change was 0.83% per year, although the average rate from 1985-99 was a strong 1.90% per year. Former UK colonies exhibited significantly higher productivity gains than others, while Liberia and countries that had been colonies of Portugal or Belgium exhibited net reductions in productivity. We measure a significant reduction in productivity during political conflicts and wars, and a significant increase in productivity among those countries with a measure of political rights and civil liberties.
31613: Soldier's paybook
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Emlyn James from Llandrindod joined the Herefordshire Regiment in September 1914. He served in Gallipoli, Egypt and Palestine, and the Western Front. He returned to the UK on home leave in August 1918. Soon after returning to the front he was wounded at Ypres in September 1918 and was in hospital when the war ended. This paybook starts in June 1918 when the Herefordshire Regiment was preparing to leave Palestine and continues through to August 1918.
Poverty, Resource Scarcity and Incentives for Soil and Water Conservation: Analysis of Interactions with a Bio-economic Model
Creators: name: Shiferaw, Bekele A.
name: Shiferaw, Bekele A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The paper examines the interlinkages between population pressure and poverty, possible impacts on household welfare and land management, and the consequent pathways of development in a low potential rural economy. A dynamic non-separable bio-economic model, calibrated using data from the Ethiopian highlands, is used to trace key relationships between population pressure, poverty and soil fertility management in smallholder agriculture characterized by high levels of soil degradation. Farm households maximize their discounted utility over the planning horizon. Land, labor and credit markets are imperfect. Hence, production, consumption and investment decisions are jointly determined in each period. The level of soil degradation is endogenous and has feedback effects on the stock and quality of the resource base. This may in turn influence land management choices. Under high population pressure, land becomes dearer relative to labor. This is likely to induce conservation investments, especially when conservation technologies do not take land out of production. When markets are imperfect, poverty in vital assets (e.g., oxen and labor) limits the ability or the willingness to invest in conservation and may lead to a less sustainable pathway. Boserup-type responses are more likely when (privately) profitable technologies exist and market imperfections do not limit farm-households' investment options.
31714: Giovanni Ravalico, Trieste
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Giovanni Ravalico, (Trieste 1891-1968), is a clerk at the Trieste Camera di Commercio (Commerce Chamber ); on March 18th, 1915, starts his duty in the Reserve Company " K.u.K. Infanterie Regiment nr. 97th", becoming Gefreiter (Lance-Corporal ) on following September. He is transferred to military Food Stores of Graz on October 20th, 1915; from September 21st, 1917 he's in Lubiana, his rank being Korporal (in Italian: Caporale Maggiore). Finally, Giovanni Vouk is great-uncle to Silvano Ravalico by his mother side. It's important to note that the 97th Rgt. of K.u.K. Army was formed almost totally by men living in Trieste, Istria and Dalmazia. So the Austrian HQ, unsure on their loyalty, sent the 97th to Galizia (Austrian-Russian border), as seen in one of the pictures. All the men were born in Trieste and all survived the war.
THE CALIBRATION OF INCOMPLETE DEMAND SYSTEMS IN QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Drogue, Sophie
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Drogue, Sophie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: calibration
subject: exact welfare measure
subject: incomplete demand systems
subject: policy analysis.

description: We introduce an easily implemented and flexible calibration technique for partial demand systems, combining recent developments in incomplete demand systems and a set of restrictions conditioned on the available elasticity estimates. The technique accommodates various degrees of knowledge on cross-price elasticities, satisfies curvature restrictions, and allows the recovery of an exact welfare measure for policy analysis. The technique is illustrated with a partial demand system for food consumption in Korea for different states of knowledge on cross-price effects. The consumer welfare impact of food and agricultural trade liberalization is measured.
Additional file 4 of Economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of universal varicella vaccination
Creators: name: Pawaskar, Manjiri
name: Méroc, Estelle
name: Samant, Salome
name: Flem, Elmira
name: Bencina, Goran
name: Riera-Montes, Margarita
name: Heininger, Ulrich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. Cost model.