cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The role of T-lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever
Creators: name: Moran, Christopher Edward
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: Dengue is one of the most important human diseases transmitted by an arthropod vector and the incidence of dengue virus infection has been increasing steadily throughout the world. Most infections are asymptomatic but a subset of patients experience a potentially fatal shock syndrome characterised by plasma leakage. Generally attributed to the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement, recent observations indicate that T cells may influence the development of this disease and it is this arm of the immune response to dengue this thesis examines. It starts by describing the production of novel HLA "tetramers" required for the work and then examines the role played by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). This work demonstrates that CTL showing high level cross reactivity between dengue serotypes tend to exhibit high avidity and can be expanded from blood samples taken during the acute phase of secondary dengue infection. These cells produce much higher levels of both type 1 and certain type 2 cytokines than more serotype specific populations. Highly cross-reactive cells cannot be detected in convalescence when populations demonstrating significant serotype specificity dominate. The next section of the thesis describes the generation and characterisation of dengue specific CD4+ T cell clones, many of which behave in a highly cross-reactive manner producing large amounts of type 1 cytokines and demonstrating perforin-mediated cytolytic activity associated with an increase in the expression of surface CD107. It debates whether a new epitope has been discovered and discusses the nature of CD4 degeneracy, and its contribution to early cross-reactive immune responses which may facilitate priming of other immune system components. In conclusion this thesis hypothesises that sequential infection with different dengue virus serotypes elicits highly activated, cross-reactive CTL from memory which produce high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dengue-specific cross-reactive CD4+ T cell populations are also generated from memory and are capable of producing even greater levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and perhaps priming other cell populations. These mediators lead to the development of fluid leak and shock. High-avidity CD8+ T cells are subsequently deleted, perhaps as a consequence of activation-induced cell death, and a more beneficial serotype-specific memory CTL pool generated. These observations have significant implications for our understanding of the role of virus-specific CTL in pathogenesis of dengue disease and consequently for the design of a safe, effective vaccine.
Zusammenarbeit in der Bauwirtschaft - warum fällt dies schwer? Ergebnisse einer Interviewanalyse zu Herausforderungen, Erfolgsfaktoren und Handlungsempfehlungen
Creators: name: Welter, Lucas
name: Degen, Timo
name: Jurakic, Janja
name: Noonpanassak, Hannah
name: Reichert, Elisabeth
name: Schulze, Hartmut
Publisher: name: GfA Press
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Baubranche
subject: Zusammenarbeit
subject: Erfolgsfaktoren
subject: Hindernisse
subject: Teamspirit
subject: Interviewstudie
subject: 150 - Psychologie
subject: 330 - Wirtschaft
subject: 620 - Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Zusammenarbeit in organisationsübergreifenden Projekten in der Baubranche. In der Praxis gelingt diese häufig nicht, Misstrauen, mangelnde Kommunikations- sowie Fehlerkultur und generell Einzelkämpfertum stellen zentrale hinderliche Faktoren und Konfliktursachen dar. Im Rahmen Interviewstudie mit 15 Projektleitenden wurden Erfolgs- und Misserfolgsfaktoren ermittelt. Es zeigte sich, dass die Etablierung eines Teamspirits sowie eine transparente Kommunikation für eine hochwertige Ausführung der Arbeit sowie für die Termineinhaltung als maßgeblich für den Projekterfolg angesehen werden. Hingegen stellen Schuldzuweisungen und ein später Einbezug der verschiedenen Unternehmungen Hindernisse dar.
Rural America at a Glance, 2017 Edition
Creators: name: Cromartie, John
name: Cromartie, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Rural indicators
subject: population
subject: rural population loss
subject: mortality
subject: employment
subject: rural employment by industry
subject: nonmetropolitan
subject: median income
subject: nonmetro
subject: rural economy
subject: metro
subject: rural America
subject: persistent poverty
subject: recession
subject: infrastructure
subject: broadband

description: This report highlights recent social and economic conditions in rural America, focusing on county-level trends in population, employment, income, poverty, and broadband connectivity.
Cumulative luminosity functions of the X-ray point source population in M31
Creators: name: Greening, L. Shaw
name: Tonkin, C.
name: Barnard, R.
name: Kolb, U.
name: Osborne, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results from a detailed analysis of the X-ray point sources in the XMM-Newton survey of M31. These sources are expected to be mostly X-ray binaries. We have so far studied 225 of the 535 sources found by automated source detection. Only sources which were present in all three EPIC images were considered. X-ray binaries are identified by their energy spectrum and power density spectrum. Unlike in other surveys we have obtained source luminosities from freely fit emission models. We present uncorrected luminosity functions of the sources analysed so far.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure. To appear in proceedings of IAUS230
Additional file 1 of Early metabolic and hemodynamic indicators of kidney dysfunction in mice offspring from parental low protein diet
Creators: name: Diniz, Fabiola
name: Edgington-Giordano, Francesca
name: El-Dahr, Samir S.
name: Tortelote, Giovane G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1: Supp. Figure 1: Effect of Parental Low-Protein on Kidney Morphology in Newborn Pups (P0) H&E histology of P0 kidneys from offspring of parents fed an NPD. A normal cortical structure such as nephrogenic zone with several nascent nephrons (red arrows) and adjacent tubular structures, glomeruli (black G) with preserved Bowman space can be observed, (A, B and C). Kidney histology of P0 pup from LPD parents. The kidney section shows altered morphology, including abnormal nephrogenic zone, fluid-filled cysts (yellow C), and abnormal kidney structure such as dilated tubules, Glomeruli (black G), (D, E and F). Notice that the nephrogenic zone is less crowded with nuclei (blue), and more spaced with the extracellular matrix, suggesting an expansion of the stromal cells. Scale bar: 100 µm
The Single European Market of 1992, Developing Countries and Trinidad and Tobago's Agricultural Exports
Creators: name: Ramkissoon, Ronald
name: Ramkissoon, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy
International Development

description: The 12-nation European Economic Community is set to become the world's largest single market of 320 million inhabitants by the end of 1992. The goal of removal of all physical, technical and fiscal barriers is likely to have differing impacts on the exports of developing countries. This paper focuses on the likely impact on Trinidad and Tobago's agricultural exports. While there remains much uncertainty as to the net effect of the unified market on developing countries, it is found that Trinidad and Tobago's agricultural exports may not be unduly affected. This view however should not be allowed to engender complacency for this country is an exporter of other products to the EEC, products which may not be in the same position as agricultural exports. Further, it is this country's interest to join with its Caribbean partners in preserving whatever preferences exist while at the same time seeking to penetrate a unified Europe on a more competitive basis.
Boundary conditions in topological AdS 4 /CFT 3
Creators: name: Genolini, Pietro Benetti
name: Grinberg, Matan
name: Richmond, Paul
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
AdS-CFT Correspondence
Extended Supersymmetry
Supersymmetric Gauge Theory

description: Abstract: We revisit the construction in four-dimensional gauged Spin(4) supergravity of the holographic duals to topologically twisted three-dimensional N = 4 field theories. Our focus in this paper is to highlight some subtleties related to preserving supersymmetry in AdS/CFT, namely the inclusion of finite counterterms and the necessity of a Legendre transformation to find the dual to the field theory generating functional. Studying the geometry of these supergravity solutions, we conclude that the gravitational free energy is indeed independent from the metric of the boundary, and it vanishes for any smooth solution.
Meat Price Spreads Are Not Proof of Price Gouging
Creators: name: Hahn, William F.
name: Hahn, William F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: The relationship between farm, wholesale, and retail prices for meats is often controversial. Data from USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS) show that retail beef and pork prices react faster to cost increases than to cost decreases. Wholesale and farm pork and beef prices also adjust more quickly upward than downward. In addition, wholesale-to-retail price spreads have grown faster than inflation over the past 20 years. These facts have convinced some people that retailers or packers have, and use, market power to the disadvantage of consumers and producers. Increases in the price spread, for example, often lead to accusations by producer and consumer groups of price gouging and to Congressional calls for investigation of the meat industry. The long-term trend, however, shows farm-to-wholesale price spreads increasing less than inflation. And, more labor-intensive services offered by retailers account for some of the widening in wholesale-to-retail meat price spreads.
Transferrable AlGaN/GaN HEMTs to Arbitrary Substrates via a Two-dimensional Boron Nitride Release Layer
Creators: name: Motala, Michael J.
name: Blanton, Eric
name: Hilton, Al
name: Heller, Eric
name: Muratore, Chris
name: Burzynski, Katherine
name: Brown, Jeff
name: Chabak, Kelson
name: Durstock, Michael
name: Snure, Michael
name: Glavin, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical transfer of high performing thin film devices onto arbitrary substrates represents an exciting opportunity to improve device performance, explore non-traditional manufacturing approaches, and paves the way for soft, conformal, and flexible electronics. Using a two-dimensional (2D) boron nitride (BN) release layer, we demonstrate the transfer of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to arbitrary substrates through both direct van der Waals (vdW) bonding and with a polymer adhesive interlayer. No device degradation was observed due to the transfer process, and a significant reduction in device temperature (327 °C to 132 °C at 600 mW) was observed when directly bonded to a silicon carbide (SiC) wafer relative to the starting wafer. With the use of a benzocyclobutene (BCB) adhesion interlayer, devices were easily transferred and characterized on Kapton and ceramic films, representing an exciting opportunity for integration onto arbitrary substrates. Upon reduction of this polymer adhesive layer thickness, the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs transferred onto a BCB/SiC substrate resulted in comparable peak temperatures during operation at powers as high as 600 mW to the as-grown wafer, revealing that by optimizing interlayer characteristics such as thickness and thermal conductivity, transferrable devices on polymer layers can still improve performance outputs.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Prenatal and postnatal determinants in shaping offspring’s microbiome in the first 1000 days: study protocol and preliminary results at one month of life
Creators: name: Raspini, Benedetta
name: Porri, Debora
name: Giuseppe, Rachele De
name: Chieppa, Marcello
name: Liso, Marina
name: Cerbo, Rosa Maria
name: Civardi, Elisa
name: Garofoli, Francesca
name: Monti, Maria Cristina
name: Vacca, Mirco
name: Angelis, Maria De
name: Hellas Cena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Means of number of Reads Passing Filter quality, percentage of Reads classified to Genus level, Shannon diversity index, and identified species (OTUs) found: A) in the meconium (T0) and in fecal samples after 1 month (T1) of neonates; B) in the meconium of neonates born via cesarean section (CS) or vaginal delivery (VD); C) in the meconium of neonates born to normal weight (BMI
Aquaculture: A Diverse Industry Poised For Growth
Creators: name: Harvey, David J.
name: Harvey, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Aquaculture has become a prominent industry, enompassing such products as mussels, abalone, catfish, sturgeon, alligators, ornamental fish, and aquatic plants. Domestic producers raised over 800 million pounds of aquacultural products in 1990, four times over that produced in 1980. With many fish and shellfish species being caught in the wild at close to maximum rates and with better aquacultural production methods, further increases look promising. But a variety of resource constraints, environmental issues, and food safety concerns will make continued expansion more of a challenge. In addition, per capita consumption has not grown in the United States over the past few years—despite all the publicity recommending fish for better health and diets. Technological advances in hatchery operations and improved feeds have made production of the two most valuable seafood species in the international market—shrimp and salmon—economically possible. Most aquacultural production is targeted at high-income consumers in the United States, Japan, and the European Community (EC). Aquaculture has benefited from both U.S. and foreign governments' eagerness to develop the industry to boost export earnings and to improve local rural economies.
BCS-BEC Crossover: From High Temperature Superconductors to Ultracold Superfluids
Creators: name: Chen, Qijin
name: Stajic, Jelena
name: Tan, Shina
name: Levin, Kathryn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the BCS to Bose Einstein condensation (BEC) crossover scenario which is based on the well known crossover generalization of the BCS ground state wavefunction $Ψ_0$. While this ground state has been summarized extensively in the literature, this Review is devoted to less widely discussed issues: understanding the effects of finite temperature, primarily below $T_c$, in a manner consistent with $Ψ_0$. Our emphasis is on the intersection of two important problems: high $T_c$ superconductivity and superfluidity in ultracold fermionic atomic gases. We address the "pseudogap state" in the copper oxide superconductors from the vantage point of a BCS-BEC crossover scenario, although there is no consensus on the applicability of this scheme to high $T_c$. We argue that it also provides a useful basis for studying atomic gases near the unitary scattering regime; they are most likely in the counterpart pseudogap phase. That is, superconductivity takes place out of a non-Fermi liquid state where preformed, metastable fermion pairs are present at the onset of their Bose condensation. As a microscopic basis for this work, we summarize a variety of $T$-matrix approaches, and assess their theoretical consistency. A close connection with conventional superconducting fluctuation theories is emphasized and exploited.
description: Final version, in RMP format
The Ethics of Animal Agriculture
Creators: name: Wunderlich, Gene
name: Wunderlich, Gene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Public Economics

description: The future course of animal agriculture may be determined more by the ethics of animal use than by technology. What is the proper human-animal relationship? Views range from one extreme to another— from believing humans' unlimited rights over animals without constraint on their treatment of animals, to believing that animals are naturally entitled to the same rights as humans. Such differing ideologies cause controversy over such issues as genetic engineering of animals, using animals in laboratory research, confinement livestock production, using pesticides to kill insects, and even eating meat.
The fragmented evolution of racial integration since the Civil Rights movement
Creators: name: Warkentien, Siri
name: Bader, Michael D.M.
Publisher: name: Sociological Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: We argue that existing studies underestimate the degree to which racial change leads to residential segregation in post-Civil Rights American neighborhoods. This is because previous studies only measure the presence of racial groups in neighborhoods, not the degree of integration among those groups. As a result, those studies do not detect gradual racial succession that ends in racially segregated neighborhoods. We demonstrate how a new approach based on growth mixture models can be used to identify patterns of racial change that distinguish between durable integration and gradual racial succession. We use this approach to identify common trajectories of neighborhood racial change among blacks, whites, Latinos, and Asians from 1970 to 2010 in the New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston metropolitan areas. We show that many nominally integrated neighborhoods have experienced gradual succession. For blacks, this succession has caused the gradual concentric diffusion of the ghetto; in contrast, Latino and Asian growth has dispersed throughout both cities and suburbs in the metropolitan areas. Durable integration has come about largely in the suburbs.
Representation of ax+b group and Dirichlet Series
Creators: name: He, Hongyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be the $ax+b$ group. There are essentially two irreducible infinite dimensional unitary representations of $G$, $(μ, L^2(\mathbb R^+))$ and $(μ^*, L^2(\mathbb R^+))$. In this paper, we give various characterizations about smooth vectors of $μ$ and their Mellin transforms. Let $\f d$ be a linear sum of delta distributions supported on the the positive integers $\mathbb Z^+$. We study the Mellin transform of the matrix coefficients $μ_{ \f d, f}(a)$ with $f$ smooth. We express these Mellin transforms in terms of the Dirichlet series $L(s, \f d)$. We determine a sufficient condition such that the generalized matrix coefficient $μ_{\f d, f}$ is a locally integrable function and estimate the $L^2$-norms of $μ_{\f d, f}$ over the Siegel set. We further derive an inequality which may potentially be used to study the Dirichlet series $L(s, \f d)$.
description: 14 pages, 0 figure
Entropy Corrections for Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström Black Holes
Creators: name: Akbar, M. M.
name: Das, Saurya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Schwarzschild black hole being thermodynamically unstable, corrections to its entropy due to small thermal fluctuations cannot be computed. However, a thermodynamically stable Schwarzschild solution can be obtained within a cavity of any finite radius by immersing it in an isothermal bath. For these boundary conditions, classically there are either two black hole solutions or no solution. In the former case, the larger mass solution has a positive specific heat and hence is locally thermodynamically stable. We find that the entropy of this black hole, including first order fluctuation corrections is given by: ${\cal S} = S_{BH} - \ln[\f{3}{R} (S_{BH}/4\p)^{1/2} -2]^{-1} + (1/2) \ln(4\p)$, where $S_{BH}=A/4$ is its Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and $R$ is the radius of the cavity. We extend our results to four dimensional Reissner-Nordström black holes, for which the corresponding expression is: ${\cal S} = S_{BH} - \f{1}{2} \ln [ {(S_{BH}/\p R^2) ({3S_{BH}}/{\p R^2} - 2\sqrt{S_{BH}/{\p R^2 -\a^2}}) \le(\sqrt{S_{BH}/{\p R^2}} - \a^2 \ri)}/ {\le({S_{BH}}/{\p R^2} -\a^2 \ri)^2} ]^{-1} +(1/2)\ln(4\p).$ Finally, we generalise the stability analysis to Reissner-Nordström black holes in arbitrary spacetime dimensions, and compute their leading order entropy corrections. In contrast to previously studied examples, we find that the entropy corrections in these cases have a different character.
description: 6 pages, Revtex. References added, minor changes. Version to appear in Class. Quant. Grav
On the applicability of Sato's equation to capacitative radio frequency sheaths
Creators: name: Balakrishnan, J.
name: Nagabhushana, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the time dependent version of Sato's equation, when applied to capacitative rf sheaths is no longer independent of the electric field of the space charge, and discuss the use of the equation for a specific sheath model.
description: 12 pages
Automatic Classification of Purpose of software usages in scholarly articles
Creators: name: Kobro, Bekalue Tadesse
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Classification
BERT
PLoS
PubMed
Software Purpose
Reproducibility
Semantic Browisng
WikiData

description: Modern scientific research relies extensively on software, both through its usage and development. While this dependence offers benefits, it also raises concerns about the reliability of research outcomes due to software-related errors. This thesis aims to address these issues by automating the extraction of software usage purposes in scientific papers.

This extraction method helps identify sets of software tools used for similar purposes, enabling comparative evaluations of research software quality. It also allows for the semantic exploration of related research articles based on specific software usage.

The SoMeSci dataset was annotated with software usage purpose labels, derived from literature and software ontologies. The Sci-BERT classifier model was selected and trained on this dataset, optimized through various scenarios, ultimately demonstrating its effectiveness in automatic software usage purpose classification, particularly when considering broader context.
The fragmented evolution of racial integration since the Civil Rights movement
Creators: name: Warkentien, Siri
name: Bader, Michael D.M.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: We argue that existing studies underestimate the degree to which racial change leads to residential segregation in post-Civil Rights American neighborhoods. This is because previous studies only measure the presence of racial groups in neighborhoods, not the degree of integration among those groups. As a result, those studies do not detect gradual racial succession that ends in racially segregated neighborhoods. We demonstrate how a new approach based on growth mixture models can be used to identify patterns of racial change that distinguish between durable integration and gradual racial succession. We use this approach to identify common trajectories of neighborhood racial change among blacks, whites, Latinos, and Asians from 1970 to 2010 in the New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston metropolitan areas. We show that many nominally integrated neighborhoods have experienced gradual succession. For blacks, this succession has caused the gradual concentric diffusion of the ghetto; in contrast, Latino and Asian growth has dispersed throughout both cities and suburbs in the metropolitan areas. Durable integration has come about largely in the suburbs.
Editorial
Creators: name: Rahemipour, Patricia
name: Grotz, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Zahlen und Materialien aus dem Institut für Museumsforschung
Year: 2021

description: Zahlen und Materialien aus dem Institut für Museumsforschung , Bd. 75 (2021): Zahlen und Materialien aus dem Institut für Museumsforschung
Classical Dynamical Systems from q-algebras:"cluster" variables and explicit solutions
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Angel
name: Ragnisco, Orlando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A general procedure to get the explicit solution of the equations of motion for N-body classical Hamiltonian systems equipped with coalgebra symmetry is introduced by defining a set of appropriate collective variables which are based on the iterations of the coproduct map on the generators of the algebra. In this way several examples of N-body dynamical systems obtained from q-Poisson algebras are explicitly solved: the q-deformed version of the sl(2) Calogero-Gaudin system (q-CG), a q-Poincare' Gaudin system and a system of Ruijsenaars type arising from the same (non co-boundary) q-deformation of the (1+1) Poincare' algebra. Also, a unified interpretation of all these systems as different Poisson-Lie dynamics on the same three dimensional solvable Lie group is given.
description: 19 Latex pages, No figures
A New Model For Including Galactic Winds in Simulations of Galaxy Formation I: Introducing the Physically Evolved Winds (PhEW) Model
Creators: name: Huang, Shuiyao
name: Katz, Neal
name: Scannapieco, Evan
name: Cottle, J'Neil
name: Davé, Romeel
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Peeples, Molly S.
name: Brüggen, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation and evolution of cold galactic winds in galactic haloes is crucial to galaxy formation models. However, modelling of this process in hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation is over-simplified owing to a lack of numerical resolution and often neglects critical physical processes such as hydrodynamic instabilities and thermal conduction. We propose an analytic model, Physically Evolved Winds (PhEW), that calculates the evolution of individual clouds moving supersonically through a uniform ambient medium. Our model reproduces predictions from very high resolution cloud-crushing simulations that include isotropic thermal conduction over a wide range of physical conditions. We discuss the implementation of this model into cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation as a sub-grid prescription to model galactic winds more robustly both physically and numerically.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Low-energy effective theory from a non-trivial scalar background in extra dimensions
Creators: name: Grzadkowski, Bohdan
name: Toharia, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consequences of a non-trivial scalar field background for an effective 4D theory were studied in the context of one compact extra dimension. The periodic background that appears within the (1+4)-dimensional $ϕ^4$ theory was found and the excitations above the background (and their spectrum) were determined analytically. It was shown that the presence of the non-trivial solution leads to the existence of a minimal size of the extra dimension that is determined by the mass parameter of the scalar potential. It was proved that imposing orbifold antisymmetry boundary conditions allows us to eliminate a negative mass squared Kaluza-Klein ground-state mode that otherwise would cause an instability of the system. The localization of fermionic modes in the presence of the non-trivial background was discussed in great detail varying the size of the extra dimension and the strength of the Yukawa coupling. A simple exact solution for the zero-mode fermionic states was found and the solution for non-zero modes in terms of trigonometric series was constructed. The fermionic mass spectrum, which reveals a very interesting structure, was found numerically. It was shown that the natural size of the extra dimension is twice as large as the period of the scalar background solution.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Thermodynamic inference of correlations in nonequilibrium collective dynamics
Creators: name: Chatzittofi, Michalis
name: Golestanian, Ramin
name: Agudo-Canalejo, Jaime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of stochastic thermodynamics has revealed many useful fluctuation relations, with the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) being a theorem of major interest. When many nonequilibrium currents interact with each other, a naive application of the TUR to an individual current can result in an apparent violation of the TUR bound. Here, we explore how such an apparent violation can be used to put a lower bound on the strength of correlations $C$ as well as the number $N$ of interacting currents in collective dynamics. This lower bound is a combined bound on $C(N-1)$ if only one current is measured, or a bound on $N$ if two currents are measured. Our proposed protocol allows for the inference of hidden correlations in experiment, for example when a team of molecular motors pulls on the same cargo but only one or a subset of them is fluorescently tagged. By solving analytically and numerically several models of many-body nonequilibrium dynamics, we ascertain under which conditions this strategy can be applied and the inferred bound on correlations becomes tight.
Evolving grain-size distributions embedded in gas flows
Creators: name: Sumpter, Rosie
name: Van Loo, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical approach for accurately evolving a dust grain-size distribution undergoing number-conserving (such as sputtering) and/or mass-conserving (such as shattering) processes. As typically observed interstellar dust distributions follow a power-law, our method adopts a power-law discretisation and uses both the grain mass and number densities in each bin to determine the power-law parameters. This power-law method is complementary to piecewise-constant and linear methods in the literature. We find that the power-law method surpasses the other two approaches, especially for small bin numbers. In the sputtering tests the relative error in the total grain mass remains below 0.01% independent of the number of bins N, while the other methods only achieve this for N > 50 or higher. Likewise, the shattering test shows that the method also produces small relative errors in the total grain numbers while conserving mass. Not only does the power-law method conserve the global distribution properties, it also preserves the inter-bin characteristics so that the shape of the distribution is recovered to a high degree. This does not always happen for the constant and linear methods, especially not for small bin numbers. Implementing the power-law method in a hydrodynamical code thus minimises the numerical cost whilst maintaining high accuracy. The method is not limited to dust grain distributions, but can also be applied to the evolution of any distribution function, such as a cosmic-ray distribution affected by synchrotron radiation or inverse-Compton scattering.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Appetite disinhibition rather than hunger explains genetic effects on adult BMI trajectory
Creators: name: Brunner, Eric J.
name: Maruyama, Koutatsu
name: Shipley, Martin
name: Cable, Noriko
name: Iso, Hiroyasu
name: Hiyoshi, Ayako
name: Stallone, Daryth
name: Kumari, Meena
name: Tabak, Adam
name: Singh-Manoux, Archana
name: Wilson, John
name: Langenberg, Claudia
name: Wareham, Nick
name: Boniface, David
name: Hingorani, Aroon
name: Kivimäki, Mika
name: Llewellyn, Clare
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/692/700/459/284
/692/308/174
article

description: Abstract: Background/objectives: The mediating role of eating behaviors in genetic susceptibility to weight gain during mid-adult life is not fully understood. This longitudinal study aims to help us understand contributions of genetic susceptibility and appetite to weight gain. Subjects/methods: We followed the body-mass index (BMI) trajectories of 2464 adults from 45 to 65 years of age by measuring weight and height on four occasions at 5-year intervals. Genetic risk of obesity (gene risk score: GRS) was ascertained, comprising 92 BMI-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and split at a median (=high and low risk). At the baseline, the Eating Inventory was used to assess appetite-related traits of ‘disinhibition’, indicative of opportunistic eating or overeating and ‘hunger’ which is susceptibility to/ability to cope with the sensation of hunger. Roles of the GRS and two appetite-related scores for BMI trajectories were examined using a mixed model adjusted for the cohort effect and sex. Results: Disinhibition was associated with higher BMI (β = 2.96; 95% CI: 2.66–3.25 kg/m2), and accounted for 34% of the genetically-linked BMI difference at age 45. Hunger was also associated with higher BMI (β = 1.20; 0.82–1.59 kg/m2) during mid-life and slightly steeper weight gain, but did not attenuate the effect of disinhibition. Conclusions: Appetite disinhibition is most likely to be a defining characteristic of genetic susceptibility to obesity. High levels of appetite disinhibition, rather than hunger, may underlie genetic vulnerability to obesogenic environments in two-thirds of the population of European ancestry.
Additional file 1 of Remote monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis (REMORA): study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial and process evaluation of an integrated symptom tracking intervention
Creators: name: van der Veer, Sabine N.
name: Griffiths-Jones, Deb
name: Parkes, Matthew
name: Druce, Katie L.
name: Amlani-Hatcher, Paul
name: Armitage, Christopher J.
name: Bansback, Nicholas
name: Bower, Peter
name: Dowding, Dawn
name: Ellis, Benjamin
name: Firth, Jill
name: Gavan, Sean
name: Mackey, Elaine
name: Sanders, Caroline
name: Sharp, Charlotte A.
name: Staniland, Karen
name: Dixon, William G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Completed SPIRIT checklist.
Direct experimental evidence of free fermion antibunching
Creators: name: Iannuzzi, M.
name: Orecchini, A.
name: Sacchetti, F.
name: Facchi, P.
name: Pascazio, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fermion antibunching was observed on a beam of free noninteracting neutrons. A monochromatic beam of thermal neutrons was first split by a graphite single crystal, then fed to two detectors, displaying a reduced coincidence rate. The result is a fermionic complement to the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect for photons.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 2 of Remote monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis (REMORA): study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial and process evaluation of an integrated symptom tracking intervention
Creators: name: van der Veer, Sabine N.
name: Griffiths-Jones, Deb
name: Parkes, Matthew
name: Druce, Katie L.
name: Amlani-Hatcher, Paul
name: Armitage, Christopher J.
name: Bansback, Nicholas
name: Bower, Peter
name: Dowding, Dawn
name: Ellis, Benjamin
name: Firth, Jill
name: Gavan, Sean
name: Mackey, Elaine
name: Sanders, Caroline
name: Sharp, Charlotte A.
name: Staniland, Karen
name: Dixon, William G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Completed TIDieR checklist.
Additional file 2 of Difference in virulence between Neisseria meningitidis serogroups W and Y in transgenic mice
Creators: name: Eriksson, Lorraine
name: Stenmark, Bianca
name: Ala-Eddine Deghmane
name: Hedberg, Sara Thulin
name: Säll, Olof
name: Fredlund, Hans
name: Mölling, Paula
name: Muhamed-Kheir Taha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. Neighbour-net network of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y isolates from Sweden included in the study. Coloured dots represent different years. PubMLST ID is displayed for each isolate in the network. All isolates were clonal complex 23 except isolate 41611, which was sequence type 4183.
TArC: Incrementally and Semi-Automatically Collecting a Tunisian Arabish Corpus
Creators: name: Gugliotta, Elisa
name: Dinarelli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article describes the constitution process of the first morpho-syntactically annotated Tunisian Arabish Corpus (TArC). Arabish, also known as Arabizi, is a spontaneous coding of Arabic dialects in Latin characters and arithmographs (numbers used as letters). This code-system was developed by Arabic-speaking users of social media in order to facilitate the writing in the Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and text messaging informal frameworks. There is variety in the realization of Arabish amongst dialects, and each Arabish code-system is under-resourced, in the same way as most of the Arabic dialects. In the last few years, the focus on Arabic dialects in the NLP field has considerably increased. Taking this into consideration, TArC will be a useful support for different types of analyses, computational and linguistic, as well as for NLP tools training. In this article we will describe preliminary work on the TArC semi-automatic construction process and some of the first analyses we developed on TArC. In addition, in order to provide a complete overview of the challenges faced during the building process, we will present the main Tunisian dialect characteristics and their encoding in Tunisian Arabish.
description: Paper accepted at the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC) 2020
DÉRASINÉ : Executive summary (DRAFT) : THE EXPULSION AND IMPOVERISHMENT OF THE CHAGOSSIAN PEOPLE
Creators: name: Harvey, Philip
name: Vine, David
name: Sokolowski, S. Wojciech
Publisher: name: American University Law School, Washington, DC; Sheridans Solicitors, London,
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: Description to be added
Additional file 1 of Difference in virulence between Neisseria meningitidis serogroups W and Y in transgenic mice
Creators: name: Eriksson, Lorraine
name: Stenmark, Bianca
name: Ala-Eddine Deghmane
name: Hedberg, Sara Thulin
name: Säll, Olof
name: Fredlund, Hans
name: Mölling, Paula
name: Muhamed-Kheir Taha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Neighbour-net network of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W isolates included in the study. Coloured dots represent different years. PubMLST ID is displayed for each isolate in the network. The nasopharynx/throat isolates of the 2013 strain are marked with a star (*). All isolates were clonal complex 11 except for isolate 57572, which was sequence type 1287.
Embeddings-Based Clustering for Target Specific Stances: The Case of a Polarized Turkey
Creators: name: Rashed, Ammar
name: Kutlu, Mucahid
name: Darwish, Kareem
name: Elsayed, Tamer
name: Bayrak, Cansın
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: On June 24, 2018, Turkey conducted a highly consequential election in which the Turkish people elected their president and parliament in the first election under a new presidential system. During the election period, the Turkish people extensively shared their political opinions on Twitter. One aspect of polarization among the electorate was support for or opposition to the reelection of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. In this paper, we present an unsupervised method for target-specific stance detection in a polarized setting, specifically Turkish politics, achieving 90% precision in identifying user stances, while maintaining more than 80% recall. The method involves representing users in an embedding space using Google's Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based multilingual universal sentence encoder. The representations are then projected onto a lower dimensional space in a manner that reflects similarities and are consequently clustered. We show the effectiveness of our method in properly clustering users of divergent groups across multiple targets that include political figures, different groups, and parties. We perform our analysis on a large dataset of 108M Turkish election-related tweets along with the timeline tweets of 168k Turkish users, who authored 213M tweets. Given the resultant user stances, we are able to observe correlations between topics and compute topic polarization.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1909.10213
DÉRASINÉ (Draft) : THE EXPULSION AND IMPOVERISHMENT OF THE CHAGOSSIAN PEOPLE
Creators: name: Harvey, Philip Vine
name: Sokolowski, David
name: Sokolowski, S. Wojciech
Publisher: name: American University Law School, Washington, DC; Sheridans Solicitors, London,
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: Description to be added
Additional file 3 of Self-reported fall and associated factors among adult people with visual impairment in Gondar, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Moges Gashaw
name: Balamurugan Janakiraman
name: Amare Minyihun
name: Gashaw Jember
name: Kedir Sany
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Additional table for univariate analysis of visual characteristics and fall, frequency distribution of fall-related injuries.
Additional file 3 of Remote monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis (REMORA): study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial and process evaluation of an integrated symptom tracking intervention
Creators: name: van der Veer, Sabine N.
name: Griffiths-Jones, Deb
name: Parkes, Matthew
name: Druce, Katie L.
name: Amlani-Hatcher, Paul
name: Armitage, Christopher J.
name: Bansback, Nicholas
name: Bower, Peter
name: Dowding, Dawn
name: Ellis, Benjamin
name: Firth, Jill
name: Gavan, Sean
name: Mackey, Elaine
name: Sanders, Caroline
name: Sharp, Charlotte A.
name: Staniland, Karen
name: Dixon, William G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Supplementary materials.
Anisotropic Physical Properties of the Kondo Semimetal CeCu$_{1.11}$As$_2$
Creators: name: Cvitkovich, Lukas
name: Zocco, Diego A.
name: Eguchi, Gaku
name: Waas, Monika
name: Svagera, Robert
name: Stöger, Berthold
name: Mondal, Rajib
name: Thamizhavel, Arumugam
name: Paschen, Silke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently proposed novel materials class called Weyl-Kondo semimetal (WKSM) is a time reversal invariant but inversion symmetry broken Kondo semimetal in which Weyl nodes are pushed to the Fermi level by the Kondo interaction. Here we explore whether CeCu$_{1+x}$As$_2$ may be a new WKSM candidate. We report on its single-crystal growth, structure determination and physical properties investigation. Previously published studies on polycrystalline samples suggest that it is indeed a Kondo semimetal, which is confirmed by our investigations on single crystals. X-ray diffraction reveals that CeCu$_{1+x}$As$_2$ crystallizes in a tetragonal centrosymmetric structure, although the inversion symmetry could still be broken locally due to partially occupied Cu sites. Chemical analysis results in an average occupation $x$ = 0.11(1). The electrical resistivity increases logarithmically with decreasing temperature, and saturates below 10 K. A Kondo temperature $T_{\mathrm{K}}$ $\approx$ 4 K is extracted from entropy, estimated from the specific heat measurements. From Hall effect experiments, a charge carrier density of $8.8 \times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$ is extracted, a value characteristic of a semimetal. The magnetization shows pronounced anisotropy, with no evidence of magnetic ordering down to 0.4 K. We thus classify CeCu$_{1.11}$As$_2$ as a tetragonal Kondo semimetal with anisotropic magnetic properties, with a possibly broken inversion symmetry, thus fulfilling the necessary conditions for a WKSM state.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES2019)