cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Анализ микробиологических и биохимических аспектов процесса переработки сахарной свёклы в сезоне 2022/23 г. на заводах стран ЕАЭС. Решение проблем
Creators: name: В.А. Сотников
name: А.А. Сувалов
name: А.В. Сотников
name: Т.Р. Мустафин
Publisher: name: Сахар
Year: 2023
Subjects: технологические вспомогательные средства
качество сырья
биохимические отклонения
микробиологическое заражение
technological aids
quality of raw materials
biochemical deviations
microbiological contamination.

description: Осуществлён анализ технологических аспектов сезона переработки сахарной свёклы в 2022/23 г. Показана результативность использования технологических вспомогательных средств на предприятиях отрасли Российской Федерации и стран ЕАЭС. Приведены конкретные примеры отклонений по качеству сырья и возникшие в связи с этим отклонения в технологических процессах сахароварения. Представлен комплексный подход к решению этих проблем посредством выбора актуальных ТВС в сочетании с коррекцией технологических параметров ведения производственного процесса
description: The analysis of the technological aspects of the sugar beet processing season 2022/23 and the effectiveness of the use of technological aids at the enterprises of the industry of the Russian Federation and the EAEU countries was carried out. Specific examples of deviations in the quality of raw materials and the resulting deviations in the technological processes of sugar production are given. An integrated approach to solving these problems is presented through the choice of relevant technologically auxiliary substances in combination with the correction of technological parameters of the production process
Thermodynamics of Random Number Generation
Creators: name: Aghamohammadi, C.
name: Crutchfield, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyze the thermodynamic costs of the three main approaches to generating random numbers via the recently introduced Information Processing Second Law. Given access to a specified source of randomness, a random number generator (RNG) produces samples from a desired target probability distribution. This differs from pseudorandom number generators (PRNG) that use wholly deterministic algorithms and from true random number generators (TRNG) in which the randomness source is a physical system. For each class, we analyze the thermodynamics of generators based on algorithms implemented as finite-state machines, as these allow for direct bounds on the required physical resources. This establishes bounds on heat dissipation and work consumption during the operation of three main classes of RNG algorithms---including those of von Neumann, Knuth and Yao, and Roche and Hoshi---and for PRNG methods. We introduce a general TRNG and determine its thermodynamic costs exactly for arbitrary target distributions. The results highlight the significant differences between the three main approaches to random number generation: One is work producing, one is work consuming, and the other is potentially dissipation neutral. Notably, TRNGs can both generate random numbers and convert thermal energy to stored work. These thermodynamic costs on information creation complement Landauer's limit on the irreducible costs of information destruction.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures; http://csc.ucdavis.edu/~cmg/compmech/pubs/torng.htm
Towards Detection of Exoplanetary Rings Via Transit Photometry: Methodology and a Possible Candidate
Creators: name: Aizawa, Masataka
name: Uehara, Sho
name: Masuda, Kento
name: Kawahara, Hajime
name: Suto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of a planetary ring of exoplanets remains as one of the most attractive but challenging goals in the field. We present a methodology of a systematic search for exoplanetary rings via transit photometry of long-period planets. The methodology relies on a precise integration scheme we develop to compute a transit light curve of a ringed planet. We apply the methodology to 89 long-period planet candidates from the Kepler data so as to estimate, and/or set upper limits on, the parameters of possible rings. While a majority of our samples do not have a sufficiently good signal-to-noise ratio for meaningful constraints on ring parameters, we find that six systems with a higher signal-to-noise ratio are inconsistent with the presence of a ring larger than 1.5 times the planetary radius assuming a grazing orbit and a tilted ring. Furthermore, we identify five preliminary candidate systems whose light curves exhibit ring-like features. After removing four false positives due to the contamination from nearby stars, we identify KIC 10403228 as a reasonable candidate for a ringed planet. A systematic parameter fit of its light curve with a ringed planet model indicates two possible solutions corresponding to a Saturn-like planet with a tilted ring. There also remain other two possible scenarios accounting for the data; a circumstellar disk and a hierarchical triple. Due to large uncertain factors, we cannot choose one specific model among the three.
description: 45 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Влияние природно-климатических условий на накопление сахара в корнеплодах сахарной свёклы
Creators: name: А.А. Камиланов
name: Д.Р. Исламгулов
name: А.У. Бакирова
name: И.Е. Свечников
Publisher: name: Сахар
Year: 2023
Subjects: сахарная свёкла
накопление сахара
сахаристость
природно-климатические условия
корреляционная связь
sugar beet
sugar accumulation
sugar content
natural and climatic conditions
correlation.

description: В результате проведённых исследований выявлено, что в локациях, расположенных в смежных регионах (Белгородская, Липецкая и Воронежская области) содержание сахаров в корнеплодах в среднем за три года варьировало от 17,06 до 17,78 %. В Белгородской и Воронежской областях диапазон значений сахаристости был значительно меньше, чем в Липецкой области, в которой он был наибольшим. На динамику повышения сахаристости в корнеплодах сахарной свёклы во многом оказали влияние генотип гибридов и погодные условия, формировавшиеся в период вегетации. Изученные гибриды сахарной свёклы отличались между собой степенью накопления сахаров в корнеплодах.
description: As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that in locations located in adjacent regions (Belgorod, Lipetsk and Voronezh regions), the sugar content in root crops varied from 17.06 to 17.78 % on average over three years. In the Belgorod and Voronezh regions, the range of sugar content values was significantly less than in the Lipetsk region, in which it was the largest. And the dynamics of the accumulation of sugar content in sugar beet root crops was largely influenced by the genotype of hybrids and weather conditions formed during the growing season. The studied sugar beet hybrids differed in the degree of accumulation of sugars in root crops.
Nuclear resonant surface diffraction
Creators: name: Schlage, Kai
name: Dzemiantsova, Liudmila
name: Bocklage, Lars
name: Wille, Hans-Christian
name: Pues, Matthias
name: Meier, Guido
name: Röhlsberger, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear resonant x-ray diffraction in grazing incidence geometry is used to determine the lateral magnetic configuration in a one-dimensional lattice of ferromagnetic nanostripes. During magnetic reversal, strong nuclear superstructure diffraction peaks appear in addition to the electronic ones due to an antiferromagnetic order in the nanostripe lattice. We show that the analysis of the angular distribution of the resonantly diffracted x-rays together with the time-dependence of the coherently diffracted nuclear signal reveals surface spin structures with very high sensitivity. This novel scattering technique provides a unique access to laterally correlated spin configurations in magnetically ordered nanostructures and, in perspective, also to their dynamics.
Data Visualization on Day One: Bringing Big Ideas into Intro Stats Early and Often
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaofei
name: Rush, Cynthia
name: Horton, Nicholas Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a world awash with data, the ability to think and compute with data has become an important skill for students in many fields. For that reason, inclusion of some level of statistical computing in many introductory-level courses has grown more common in recent years. Existing literature has documented multiple success stories of teaching statistics with R, bolstered by the capabilities of R Markdown. In this article, we present an in-class data visualization activity intended to expose students to R and R Markdown during the first week of an introductory statistics class. The activity begins with a brief lecture on exploratory data analysis in R. Students are then placed in small groups tasked with exploring a new dataset to produce three visualizations that describe particular insights that are not immediately obvious from the data. Upon completion, students will have produced a series of univariate and multivariate visualizations on a real dataset and practiced describing them.
description: Accepted in Technology Innovations in Statistics Education
A bottom-line mentality perspective on the relationship between family financial pressure and financial goal progress
Creators: name: Zaman, Nazifa Naoar
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Drawing on threat rigidity theory, this paper proposes a model that suggests that family financial pressure can enhance financial goal progress through employees’ bottom-line mentality (i.e., EBLM; one dimensional thinking that revolves around securing bottom-line outcomes to the exclusion of all else). I argue that employees respond to the threat of financial pressure by developing a narrow focus in the form of an EBLM because such a rigid focus helps them to take action to relieve the threat, such as enhancing financial goal progress. To further explain this relationship, this study also hypothesizes that supervisor bottom-line mentality (SBLM) acts as a first stage moderator between family financial pressure and EBLM, such that SBLM signals to employees that they can use a similar mindset in response to challenging circumstances. In particular, I use threat rigidity theory to argue that employees with supervisors high in SBLM are more likely to solve their problem of family financial pressure by modeling their supervisor’s SBLM. Also relying on the theory, I propose that supervisor reward power acts as a second stage moderator between EBLM and financial goal progress. When supervisor reward power is high, employees with high EBLMs will devote even more of their narrow focus towards achieving financial goals because they feel more certain that their supervisors will reward their efforts. Using single-source, multi-wave field data from a generalizable sample of working adults, the model is partially supported with findings suggesting that family financial pressure is positively related to employee bottom-line mentality, but supervisor BLM moderates the relationship in the opposite way and that employee bottom-line mentality is positively related to financial goal progress, but employee bottom-line mentality does not mediate the relationship. Also, supervisor reward power does not act as a second stage moderator and the full moderated mediated model is not statistically significant. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Идентификация типа цитоплазмы линий Beta vulgaris L. с использованием ПЦР в реальном времени
Creators: name: Е.О. Колесникова
name: Р.В. Бердников
name: А.В. Линов
Publisher: name: Сахар
Year: 2023
Subjects: сахарная свёкла
МС-форма
О-тип
ПЦР
цитоплазматическая мужская стерильность
молекулярный маркер.
sugar beet
MS-form
O-type
PCR
cytoplasmic male sterility
molecular marker.

description: В статье рассмотрен новый подход к выявлению типа цитоплазмы у растений сахарной свёклы, заключающийся в выполнении молекулярно-генетического анализа с маркером TR3 на платформе ПЦР в реальном времени. В отличие от проведения ПЦР с последующей визуализацией продукта в агарозном геле рассматриваемый метод позволяет повысить производительность данного исследования. В результате проделанной работы была выявлена возможность идентификации типа цитоплазмы МС-форм и О-типов на основе ПЦР в реальном времени с последующей оценкой кривых плавления полученного продукта.
description: he article discusses a new approach to identifying the type of cytoplasm in sugar beet plants, which consists in conducting molecular genetic analysis with the TR3 marker on the real-time PCR platform. Unlike PCR with subsequent visualization of the product in agarose gel, the method under consideration allows to increase the productivity of this study. As a result of the work carried out, the possibility of identifying the type of cytoplasm of MC-forms and O-types based on real-time PCR was revealed, followed by an assessment of the melting curves of the resulting product.
Negotiating Midlife: Exploring the Subjective Experience of Ageing, 2006-2008
Creators: name: Morgan-Brett, B.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2016

description: This is a qualitative data collection. This project explored the subjective experience of ageing with a particular focus on midlife. It argues that midlife signifies an important phase of transition in the life course, which is often characterised by essential changes in personal circumstances. Although many of these changes are anticipated, their impact can still come as a surprise, reawakening old psychological threats and anxieties as well as creating new ones. The death of parents, children leaving home, changes at work and an awareness of an ageing body: these changes are usually anticipated at a practical level but can create a sense of emotional instability and insecurity. The three central themes of this project include the way the ageing process is experienced physically and how this in turn, effects the individual psychologically, the way personal and family relationships change during this period and the impact this has and finally how people evaluate their lives and compare this evaluation to their imagined sense of what they thought their lives would be like.

 The project highlights how the social experiences and cultural expectations, which influence attitudes and pragmatic reactions to ageing are necessarily intertwined with unconscious psychic processes, conflicts and ambivalence. The sample includes twenty-two men and women aged between thirty-nine and fifty-eight years old using a psychosocial interviewing approach. This method focuses on how individuals emotionally and psychically deal with age-related changes.

 The project concludes that midlife is a time of complex emotional and psychical conflict, which is triggered and challenged through a culmination of natural and anticipated losses. In order for people to negotiate midlife and move forward in a positive and productive way they must first acknowledge and then accept the natural losses and disappointments that life inevitably brings.
Suppressing relaxation in superconducting qubits by quasiparticle pumping
Creators: name: Gustavsson, Simon
name: Yan, Fei
name: Catelani, Gianluigi
name: Bylander, Jonas
name: Kamal, Archana
name: Birenbaum, Jeffrey
name: Hover, David
name: Rosenberg, Danna
name: Samach, Gabriel
name: Sears, Adam P.
name: Weber, Steven J.
name: Yoder, Jonilyn L.
name: Clarke, John
name: Kerman, Andrew J.
name: Yoshihara, Fumiki
name: Nakamura, Yasunobu
name: Orlando, Terry P.
name: Oliver, William D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical error suppression techniques are commonly used to improve coherence in quantum systems. They reduce dephasing errors by applying control pulses designed to reverse erroneous coherent evolution driven by environmental noise. However, such methods cannot correct for irreversible processes such as energy relaxation. In this work, we investigate a complementary, stochastic approach to reducing errors: instead of deterministically reversing the unwanted qubit evolution, we use control pulses to shape the noise environment dynamically. In the context of superconducting qubits, we implement a pumping sequence to reduce the number of unpaired electrons (quasiparticles) in close proximity to the device. We report a 70% reduction in the quasiparticle density, resulting in a threefold enhancement in qubit relaxation times, and a comparable reduction in coherence variability.
Orality-Grounded HCID: Understanding the Oral User
Creators: name: Sherwani, Jahanzeb
name: Nosheen, Ali
name: Rose, Carolyn
name: Rosenfeld, Ronald
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: While human-computer interaction (HCI) methodologies are designed to be general, they have most often been applied in the context of literate end users in the West. These methodologies may, however, need rethinking for application in HCI for the developing world (HCID) contexts, where many of the basic assumptions that underpin the methods may not always hold true. In this article, we present an overview of one factor that is significantly different in the HCID context—the literacy of the end user—by drawing on the literature of orality, and we offer a framework for HCID methodology that we argue is more appropriate for the HCID context. Based on this framework, we then present guidelines for design and user research methodologies in such contexts, highlighting seminal HCID research that corroborates these guidelines.
Роль микроэлементных удобрений в повышении технологических качеств сахарной свёклы
Creators: name: Е.В. Жеряков
name: С.А. Семина
name: Ю.И. Жерякова
Publisher: name: Сахар
Year: 2023
Subjects: микроэлементные удобрения
сахарная свёкла
некорневая обработка
сахаристость
сбор сахара
micronutrient fertilizers
sugar beet
foliar treatment
sugar content
sugar yield.

description: Изучение влияния некорневой обработки микроэлементными удобрениями выявило, что она способствует повышению сахаристости корнеплода на 0,62–1,00 абс. % при возделывании гибрида нормального типа РМС 121, на 0,65–1,17 абс. % – гибрида урожайного типа Предатор и 0,62–1,72 абс. % – гибрида сахаристого типа БТС 590. Наиболее перспективной является некорневая обработка борсодержащим удобрением, способствующая повышению биологического сбора сахара на 19,2–23,2 %. Листовая подкормка микроэлементными удобрениями стимулировала накопление калия, но снижала содержание натрия в корнеплодах. В вариантах с борсодержащим удобрением для всех изучаемых гибридов прослеживается значительное снижение α-аминоазота.
description: The current research on the effect of foliar treatment with microelement fertilizers revealed that foliar treatment with microelement fertilizers could increase the sugar content of the root crop by 0.62–1.00 % when cultivating the normal type hybrid PMC 121, by 0.65–1.17 % with the yield type hybrid Predator, and by 0.62–1.72 % with the sugar type hybrid BTS 590. The most efficient is the foliar treatment of boroncontaining fertilizer, which could increase the biological yield of sugar by 19.2–23.2 %. Foliar treatment with microelement fertilizers influenced on the accumulation of potassium, but reduced the sodium content in root crops. In experiments with boroncontaining fertilizer for all the hybrids, examined in the current research, a significant decrease in α-amino nitrogen was observed.
Single-component molecular material hosting antiferromagnetic and spin-gapped Mott subsystems
Creators: name: Takagi, Rina
name: Hamai, Takamasa
name: Gangi, Hiro
name: Miyagawa, Kazuya
name: Zhou, Biao
name: Kobayashi, Akiko
name: Kanoda, Kazushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated a system based solely on a single molecular species, Cu(tmdt)$_{2}$, accommodating $d$ and $π$ orbitals within the molecule. $^{13}$C nuclear magnetic resonance measurements captured singlet-triplet excitations of $π$ spins indicating the existence of a $π$-electron-based spin-gapped Mott insulating subsystem, which has been hidden by the large magnetic susceptibility exhibited by the $d$ spins forming antiferromagnetic chains. The present results demonstrate a unique hybrid Mott insulator composed of antiferromagnetic and spin-singlet Mott subsystems with distinctive dimensionalities.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures (including Supplemental Material)
Barjols, atelier Fabre, fabrication du galoubet, perçage des trous à la perceuse électrique
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Angle-resolved RABBIT: theory and numerics
Creators: name: Hockett, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angle-resolved (AR) RABBIT measurements offer a high information content measurement scheme, due to the presence of multiple, interfering, ionization channels combined with a phase-sensitive observable in the form of angle and time-resolved photoelectron interferograms. In order to explore the characteristics and potentials of AR-RABBIT, a perturbative 2-photon model is developed; based on this model, example AR-RABBIT results are computed for model and real systems, for a range of RABBIT schemes. These results indicate some of the phenomena to be expected in AR-RABBIT measurements, and suggest various applications of the technique in photoionization metrology.
title: Ennahda’s strategy in government: from Political Islam to Muslim Democracy
Creators: name: De Oliveira Alencar, Aline
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ennahda
subject: Political Islam
subject: Moderation
subject: Diffusion
subject: DDC Classification::3 Sozialwissenschaften :: 32 Politikwissenschaft :: 320 Politikwissenschaft

description: The Ennahda party has risen from secrecy to prominence after the Arab Spring and has been one of the main political actors in Tunisia ever since. The party has intrigued general observers with a governing strategy far from classic Islamist tenets: instead of championing an Islamic state, it has agreed to establish a civil state not bound by shariʿa law; instead of considering themselves the sole legitimate office holders, it has been able to share power with historical political rivals; instead suppressing woman rights, it has endeavored to improve them; and instead of adopting a comprehensive social approach, the party has chosen to specialize in politics. This study sought to unveil the dynamics behind Ennahda’s moderate governing strategy. It has found that, in great extent, the party has acted according to the Inclusion-Moderation Hypothesis, which argues that the constraints of participation in pluralist politics pose limits for revolutionary actors to realize their original goals and, therefore, acts as a factor to induce their behavioral and, in some cases, even their ideological moderation. Both have been present in Ennahda’s experience. In addition, Ennahda’s governing strategy has been greatly influenced by the experience of reference Islamist actors elsewhere in the region through the diffusion of ideas and modes of operation. These domestic and international dynamics the party faced from 2011 to 2019 have summed up to determine the consolidation of Ennahda as a representative of post-Islamism, although the exact meaning of this analytical category is disputable.
Фитотоксичность различных комбинаций гербицидов для сахарной свёклы в зависимости от нормы расхода препаратов и фазовой устойчивости к ним сорняков
Creators: name: Е.А. Дворянкин
Publisher: name: Сахар
Year: 2023
Subjects: сахарная свёкла
гербициды
сорняки
эффективность
фитотоксичность
продуктивность
sugar beet
herbicides
weeds
efficiency
phytotoxicity
productivity.

description: Приведены данные полевых испытаний разных комбинаций гербицидов в посеве сахарной свёклы в борьбе с сорной растительностью. Исследована эффективность действия гербицидов «Бетанал максПро» (БМП), «Бетанал Эксперт ОФ» (БЭОФ), «Бетанал 22», «Митрон», «Карибу», «Пантера» на двудольные и злаковые сорняки в зависимости от их возраста и нормы расхода препаратов. Наиболее высокая эффективность от применения гербицидов (98–100 %) достигалась при обработке наименьшими из рекомендованных нормами расхода препаратов в ранние фазы развития сорняков. Максимально допустимые и повышенные нормы расхода исследуемых препаратов по переросшим сорнякам на всех этапах химической прополки снижали продуктивные показатели сахарной свёклы в результате усиления фитотоксичности гербицидов.
description: Data on field testing of different combinations of herbicides in sugar beet fields to control weeds are presented. Effect of herbicides («Betanal maxPro» (BMP), «Betanal Expert OF» (BEOF), «Betanal 22», «Mitron», «Caribou» and «Panther») on dicotyledonous and cereal weeds depending on their age and consumption rate of chemicals has been studied. The greatest efficiency of the herbicides’ application (98–100 %) has been achieved when using the least recommended consumption rates of chemicals at early stages of weed development. The maximum possible and increased consumption rates of the studied chemicals applied for overgrown weeds at all stages of chemical weeding have reduced sugar beet productive indices as a result of increasing phytotoxicity of the herbicides.
Financial Time Series Forecasting: Semantic Analysis Of Economic News
Creators: name: Kononova, Kateryna
name: Dek, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The paper proposes a method of financial time series forecasting taking into account the semantics of news. For the semantic analysis of financial news the sampling of negative and positive words in economic sense was formed based on Loughran McDonald Master Dictionary. The sampling included the words with high frequency of occurrence in the news of financial markets. For single-root words it has been left only common part that allows covering few words for one request. Neural networks were chosen for modeling and forecasting. To automate the process of extracting information from the economic news a script was developed in the MATLAB Simulink programming environment, which is based on the generated sampling of positive and negative words. Experimental studies with different architectures of neural networks showed a high adequacy of constructed models and confirmed the feasibility of using information from news feeds to predict the stock prices.
description: in Ukranian
Star formation in a galactic outflow
Creators: name: Maiolino, R.
name: Russell, H. R.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Carniani, S.
name: Gallagher, R.
name: Cazzoli, S.
name: Arribas, S.
name: Belfiore, F.
name: Bellocchi, E.
name: Colina, L.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Ishibashi, W.
name: Marconi, A.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Oliva, E.
name: Sturm, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have revealed massive galactic molecular outflows that may have physical conditions (high gas densities) required to form stars. Indeed, several recent models predict that such massive galactic outflows may ignite star formation within the outflow itself. This star-formation mode, in which stars form with high radial velocities, could contribute to the morphological evolution of galaxies, to the evolution in size and velocity dispersion of the spheroidal component of galaxies, and would contribute to the population of high-velocity stars, which could even escape the galaxy. Such star formation could provide in-situ chemical enrichment of the circumgalactic and intergalactic medium (through supernova explosions of young stars on large orbits), and some models also predict that it may contribute substantially to the global star formation rate observed in distant galaxies. Although there exists observational evidence for star formation triggered by outflows or jets into their host galaxy, as a consequence of gas compression, evidence for star formation occurring within galactic outflows is still missing. Here we report new spectroscopic observations that unambiguously reveal star formation occurring in a galactic outflow at a redshift of 0.0448. The inferred star formation rate in the outflow is larger than 15 Msun/yr. Star formation may also be occurring in other galactic outflows, but may have been missed by previous observations owing to the lack of adequate diagnostics.
description: Published in Nature; 19 pages; 6 figures
Numerical analysis of electronic conductivity in graphene with resonant adsorbates: comparison of monolayer and Bernal bilayer
Creators: name: Missaoui, Ahmed
name: Khabthani, Jouda Jemaa
name: Jaidane, Nejm-Eddine
name: Mayou, Didier
name: de Laissardière, Guy Trambly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the electronic conductivity, as a function of the Fermi energy, in the Bernal bilayer graphene (BLG) in presence of a random distribution of vacancies that simulate resonant adsorbates. We compare it to monolayer (MLG) with the same defect concentrations. These transport properties are related to the values of fundamental length scales such as the elastic mean free path $L_{e}$, the localization length $ξ$ and the inelastic mean free path $L_{i}$. Usually the later, which reflect the effect of inelastic scattering by phonons, strongly depends on temperature $T$. In BLG an additional characteristic distance $l_1$ exists which is the typical traveling distance between two interlayer hopping events. We find that when the concentration of defects is smaller than 1\%--2\%, one has $l_1 \le L_e \ll ξ$ and the BLG has transport properties that differ from those of the MLG independently of $L_{i}(T)$. Whereas for larger concentration of defects $L_{e} < l_1 \ll ξ$, and depending on $L_{i}(T)$, the transport in the BLG can be equivalent (or not) to that of two decoupled MLG. We compare two tight-binding model Hamiltonians with and without hopping beyond the nearest neighbors.
A lunar space elevator systems study
Creators: name: Lorusso, Devin Thomas
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Studied in this thesis are the forces acting on a tether orbiting a celestial body. This tether, coupled with autonomous climbing mechanisms, form a system called a space elevator. The feasibility of a space elevator is studied with respect to many risks, most notably tensile stress failure. A Lunar Space Elevator design is proposed that survives orbital tensile stresses with a safety factor of greater than 6 that can support a basic autonomous climber. Investigating the nature of the lunar environment and the principles of the restricted, three-body problem in orbital mechanics provide insights on the triumphs and limitations of this space project.
Magnetic phase transition in coupled spin-lattice systems: A replica-exchange Wang-Landau study
Creators: name: Perera, Dilina
name: Vogel, Thomas
name: Landau, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled, dynamical spin-lattice models provide a unique test ground for simulations investigating the finite-temperature magnetic properties of materials under the direct influence of the lattice vibrations. These models are constructed by combining a coordinate-dependent interatomic potential with a Heisenberg-like spin Hamiltonian, facilitating the treatment of both the atomic coordinates and spins as explicit phase variables. Using a model parameterized for bcc iron, we study the magnetic phase transition in these complex systems via the recently introduced, massively parallel replica-exchange Wang-Landau Monte Carlo method. Comparison with the results obtained from rigid lattice (spin only) simulations show that the transition temperature as well as the amplitude of the peak in the specific heat curve is marginally affected by the lattice vibrations. Moreover, the results were found to be sensitive to the particular choice of the interatomic potential.
Upper and Lower Bounds for the Ergodic Capacity of MIMO Jacobi Fading Channels
Creators: name: Nafkha, Amor
name: Bonnefoi, Remi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In multi-(core/mode) optical fiber communication, the transmission channel can be modeled as a complex sub-matrix of the Haar-distributed unitary matrix (complex Jacobi unitary ensemble). In this letter, we present new analytical expressions of the upper and lower bounds for the ergodic capacity of multiple-input multiple-output Jacobi-fading channels. Recent results on the determinant of the Jacobi unitary ensemble are employed to derive a tight lower bound on the ergodic capacity. We use Jensen's inequality to provide an analytical closed-form upper bound to the ergodic capacity at any signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Closed-form expressions of the ergodic capacity, at low and high SNR regimes, are also derived. Simulation results are presented to validate the accuracy of the derived expressions.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to the IEEE Photonics Technology Letters
Charged Higgs Signals in $t\,\overline{t}\,H$ Searches
Creators: name: Alves, Daniele S. M.
name: Hedri, Sonia El
name: Taki, Anna Maria
name: Weiner, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New scalars from an extended Higgs sector could have weak scale masses and still have escaped detection. In a Type I Two Higgs Doublet Model, for instance, even the charged Higgs can be lighter than the top quark. Because electroweak production of these scalars is modest, the greatest opportunity for their detection might come from rare top decays. For mass hierarchies of the type $m_t>m_{H^\pm}>m_{A^0,\,H^0}$, the natural signal can arise from top quark pair production, followed by the decay chain $t \rightarrow b\,H^+$, $H^+ \rightarrow W^{+(*)} ϕ^0$, $ϕ^0\rightarrow b\overline{b},\,τ^+τ^-$, where $ϕ^0=A^0,\,H^0$. These final states largely overlap with those of the Standard Model $t\,\bar{t}\,H^0_{_\text{SM}}$ process, and therefore can potentially contaminate $t\,\bar{t}\,H^0_{_\text{SM}}$ searches. We demonstrate that existing $t\,\bar{t}\,H^0_{_\text{SM}}$ analyses can already probe light extended Higgs sectors, and we derive new constraints from their results. Furthermore, we note that existing excesses in $t\,\bar{t}\,H^0_{_\text{SM}}$ searches can be naturally explained by the contamination of rare top decays to new light Higgses. We discuss how to distinguish this signal from the Standard Model process.
description: Added discussion about CDF ttH measurements; several typos fixed; figures 1-3 adjusted; references added
Optical spectroscopy of the Be/X-ray Binary V850 Cen/GX 304-1 during faint X-ray periodical activity
Creators: name: Malacaria, C.
name: Kollatschny, W.
name: Whelan, E.
name: Santangelo, A.
name: Klochkov, D.
name: McBride, V.
name: Ducci, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Be/X-ray binaries are the most populous class of High Mass X-ray Binaries. Their X-ray duty cycle is tightly related to the optical companion wind activity, which in turn can be studied through optical spectroscopical dedicated observations. We study optical spectral features of the Be circumstellar disk to test their long-term variability and their relation with the X-ray activity. Special attention has been given to the H$α$ emission line, that is one of the best tracers of the disk conditions. We obtained optical broadband medium resolution spectra from a dedicated campaign with the Anglo-Australian Telescope and the Southern African Large Telescope in 2014-2015. Data span over one entire binary orbit, and cover both X-ray quiescent and moderately active periods. We used Balmer emission lines to follow the evolution of the circumstellar disk. We observe prominent spectral features, like double-peaked H$α$ and H$β$ emission lines. The H$α$ V/R ratio significantly changes over a time scale of about one year. Our observations are consistent with a system observed at a large inclination angle ($i\gtrsim60^{\circ}$). The derived circumstellar disk size shows that the disk evolves from a configuration that prevents accretion onto the neutron star, to one that allows only moderate accretion. This is in agreement with the contemporary observed X-ray activity. Our results are interpreted within the context of inefficient tidal truncation of the circumstellar disk, as expected for this source's binary configuration. We derived the H$β$-emitting region size, which results about half of the corresponding H$α$-emitting disk, and constrain the luminosity class of V850 Cen as III-V, consistent with the previously proposed class.}
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication on A&A
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Job Losses Hit Rural Areas Still Recovering From Great Recession
Creators: name: Sanders, Austin
name: Sanders, Austin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Demand and Price Analysis
Environmental Economics and Policy
Financial Economics
Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Labor and Human Capital
Public Economics

description: By 2019, total employment in rural America had not yet recovered from jobs lost during and after the Great Recession (2007–2009), and according to a recently published USDA, Economic Research Service analysis, the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to further job losses in 2020. Annual average employment levels in 2019 were only 97 percent of their pre-Great Recession levels in rural counties, while employment levels in urban counties had reached 111 percent of 2007 levels by 2019. The drop in rural employment from 2007 to 2019 partially coincided with an unprecedented period of rural population loss from 2010 to 2016 and an aging overall population.
Putting gravity in control
Creators: name: Lopez-Monsalvo, C S
name: Lopez-Garcia, I
name: Beltran-Carbajal, F
name: Escarela, R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of the present manuscript is to present a novel proposal in Geometric Control Theory inspired in the principles of General Relativity and energy-shaping control.
description: Conference: 70 & 70 Gravitation Fest, Cartagena, Colombia. In honor of Rodolfo Gambini and Luis Herrera
The role of serotonergic dysfunction in the etiology of affective disorder in a Huntington’s disease translational mouse model
Creators: name: Alselehdar, Samar K.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2017

description: Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that manifests with a triad of psychiatric, cognitive, and motor symptoms. The pathophysiology of the psychiatric symptoms is not well understood but is frequently associated with serotonergic dysfunction in limbic-related circuits in the brain. However, it remains unknown how the serotonergic system is impaired in HD. The primary aim of this thesis is to assess the use of a translational mouse model of HD to better understand the contribution of serotonergic dysfunction in the etiology of affective disorders in the disease, and to assess the use of novel therapeutics for the amelioration of symptoms. I conducted tests to quantify the incidence of affective disorder in mice and observed that the BACHD mouse model displays anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, which are the two most common psychiatric symptoms in HD patients. Importantly, I found evidence that the psychiatric symptoms in the BACHD mice develop prior to the onset of motor deficits, similar to HD patients. The similar behavioral phenotype of this mouse model enabled further investigation into the role of serotonergic neurotransmission in HD. With the use of in vivo microdialysis, I quantified serotonergic efflux, which is a product of serotonin release, reuptake, metabolism and receptor binding. Serotonin efflux was reduced in the ventral hippocampus but not the dorsal striatum, suggesting that serotonin efflux is only reduced in the limbic ventral hippocampus and that monoaminergic activity (including dopamine) in the dorsal striatum remains intact. With additional tests, I determined that activation of the 5-HT1A receptor using an agonist has an anxiolytic and potential antidepressant effect in the BACHD mouse model. Acute administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ameliorated depressive symptoms in the BACHD mice. The dual antidepressant and anxiolytic effect of activation of the 5-HT1A receptor is suggestive that serotonergic dysfunction in the BACHD mice is a result of impaired communication in postsynaptic targets of the serotonergic system.
Nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces based on unconventional geometric phases
Creators: name: Zhao, P. Z.
name: Xu, G. F.
name: Tong, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces has received increasing attention due to the merits of its high-speed implementation and robustness against both control errors and decoherence. However, all the previous schemes in this direction have been based on the conventional geometric phases, of which the dynamical phases need to be removed. In this paper, we put forward a scheme of nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces based on unconventional geometric phases, of which the dynamical phases do not need to be removed. Specifically, by using three physical qubits undergoing collective dephasing to encode one logical qubit, we realize a universal set of geometric gates nonadiabatically and unconventionally. Our scheme not only maintains all the merits of nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces, but also avoids the additional operations required in the conventional schemes to cancel the dynamical phases.
description: 5 pages, no figure
Full phase diagram of isolated skyrmions in a ferromagnet
Creators: name: Büttner, Felix
name: Lemesh, Ivan
name: Beach, Geoffrey S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions are topological quasi particles of great interest for data storage applications because of their small size, high stability, and ease of manipulation via electric current. Theoretically, however, skyrmions are poorly understood since existing theories are not applicable to small skyrmion sizes and finite material thicknesses. Here, we present a complete theoretical framework to determine the energy of any skyrmion in any material, assuming only a circular symmetric 360$^\circ$ domain wall profile and a homogeneous magnetization profile in the out-of-plane direction. Our model precisely agrees with existing experimental data and micromagnetic simulations. Surprisingly, we can prove that there is no topological protection of skyrmions. We discover and confirm new phases, such as bi-stability, a phenomenon unknown in magnetism so far. The outstanding computational performance and precision of our model allow us to obtain the complete phase diagram of static skyrmions and to tackle the inverse problem of finding materials corresponding to given skyrmion properties, a milestone of skyrmion engineering.
The Case for Speech and Language Technologies for Developing Regions
Creators: name: Sherwani, Jahanzeb
name: Rosenfeld, Ronald
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 100599 Communications Technologies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Many ICT initiatives that attempt to connect end-users to each other rely on Internet-connected PCs using graphical user interfaces (GUIs). While speech-based systems over the telephone have mushroomed in the West in the past decade, their potential remains largely untapped for use in the developing world. We present reasons why speech systems may be preferable to traditional PC/GUI systems in these circumstances, along with the needs such systems can fulfill
Experimental Demonstration of >230° Phase Modulation in Gate-Tunable Graphene-Gold Reconfigurable Mid-Infrared Metasurfaces
Creators: name: Sherrott, Michelle C.
name: Hon, Philip W. C.
name: Fountaine, Katherine T.
name: Garcia, Juan C.
name: Ponti, Samuel M.
name: Brar, Victor W.
name: Sweatlock, Luke A.
name: Atwater, Harry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metasurfaces offer significant potential to control far-field light propagation through the engineering of amplitude, polarization, and phase at an interface. We report here phase modulation of an electronically reconfigurable metasurface and demonstrate its utility for mid-infrared beam steering. Using a gate-tunable graphene-gold resonator geometry, we demonstrate highly tunable reflected phase at multiple wavelengths and show up to 237° phase modulation range at an operating wavelength of 8.50 μm. We observe a smooth monotonic modulation of phase with applied voltage from 0° to 206° at a wavelength of 8.70 μm. Based on these experimental data, we demonstrate with antenna array calculations an average beam steering efficiency of 50% for reflected light for angles up to 30°, relative to an ideal metasurface, confirming the suitability of this geometry for reconfigurable mid-infrared beam steering devices.