cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CommonsenseVIS: Visualizing and Understanding Commonsense Reasoning Capabilities of Natural Language Models
Creators: name: Wang, Xingbo
name: Huang, Renfei
name: Jin, Zhihua
name: Fang, Tianqing
name: Qu, Huamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, large pretrained language models have achieved compelling performance on commonsense benchmarks. Nevertheless, it is unclear what commonsense knowledge the models learn and whether they solely exploit spurious patterns. Feature attributions are popular explainability techniques that identify important input concepts for model outputs. However, commonsense knowledge tends to be implicit and rarely explicitly presented in inputs. These methods cannot infer models' implicit reasoning over mentioned concepts. We present CommonsenseVIS, a visual explanatory system that utilizes external commonsense knowledge bases to contextualize model behavior for commonsense question-answering. Specifically, we extract relevant commonsense knowledge in inputs as references to align model behavior with human knowledge. Our system features multi-level visualization and interactive model probing and editing for different concepts and their underlying relations. Through a user study, we show that CommonsenseVIS helps NLP experts conduct a systematic and scalable visual analysis of models' relational reasoning over concepts in different situations.
description: This paper is accepted by IEEE VIS, 2023. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (IEEE TVCG). 14 pages, 11 figures
High Speed Railway Wireless Communications: Efficiency v.s. Fairness
Creators: name: Dong, Yunquan
name: Fan, Pingyi
name: Letaief, Khaled Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: High speed railways (HSRs) have been deployed widely all over the world in recent years. Different from traditional cellular communication, its high mobility makes it essential to implement power allocation along the time. In the HSR case, the transmission rate depends greatly on the distance between the base station (BS) and the train. As a result, the train receives a time varying data rate service when passing by a BS. It is clear that the most efficient power allocation will spend all the power when the train is nearest from the BS, which will cause great unfairness along the time. On the other hand, the channel inversion allocation achieves the best fairness in terms of constant rate transmission. However, its power efficiency is much lower. Therefore, the power efficiency and the fairness along time are two incompatible objects. For the HSR cellular system considered in this paper, a trade-off between the two is achieved by proposing a temporal proportional fair power allocation scheme. Besides, near optimal closed form solution and one algorithm finding the $ε$-optimal allocation are presented.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
First-passage functionals of Brownian motion in logarithmic potentials and heterogeneous diffusion
Creators: name: Radice, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistics of random functionals $\mathcal{Z}=\int_{0}^{\mathcal{T}}[x(t)]^{γ-2}dt$, where $x(t)$ is the trajectory of a one-dimensional Brownian motion with diffusion constant $D$ under the effect of a logarithmic potential $V(x)=V_0\ln(x)$. The trajectory starts from a point $x_0$ inside an interval entirely contained in the positive real axis, and the motion is evolved up to the first-exit time $\mathcal{T}$ from the interval. We compute explicitly the PDF of $\mathcal{Z}$ for $γ=0$, and its Laplace transform for $γ\neq0$, which can be inverted for particular combinations of $γ$ and $V_0$. Then we consider the dynamics in $(0,\infty)$ up to the first-passage time to the origin, and obtain the exact distribution for $γ>0$ and $V_0>-D$. By using a mapping between Brownian motion in logarithmic potentials and heterogeneous diffusion, we extend this result to functionals measured over trajectories generated by $\dot{x}(t)=\sqrt{2D}[x(t)]^θη(t)$, where $θ<1$ and $η(t)$ is a Gaussian white noise. We also emphasize how the different interpretations that can be given to the Langevin equation affect the results. Our findings are illustrated by numerical simulations, with good agreement between data and theory.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 2 of Impact of audible pops associated with spinal manipulation on perceived pain: a systematic review
Creators: name: Moorman, Annelieke Cesanne
name: Newell, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Search Strategy Conducted in CINAHL.
Shrinking of fluctuation region in a two-band superconductor
Creators: name: Vargunin, Artjom
name: Ord, Teet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a two-band superconductor, two qualitatively different fluctuation modes related to the gap modules contribute to free energy and heat capacity, in addition to the phase fluctuations. The first mode has divergent temperature behaviour since it accounts for the critical fluctuations around the phase transition point, Tc, along with pseudo-critical ones associated with former instability of the weaker-superconductivity component. The involvement of these two factors, competing under interband interaction, results in the Ginzburg number which increases with Tc non-monotonically, allowing the reduction up to 75%. This makes fluctuations effective for revealing additional superconducting component in the system. The second mode does not diverge, but has a jump at Tc, defined uniquely by the strength of interband interaction. This mode contributes fundamentally beyond critical domain.
description: 13 pages, to appear in "Superconductor Science and Technology"
Neutron-Capture Nucleosynthesis in the First Stars
Creators: name: Roederer, Ian U.
name: Preston, George W.
name: Thompson, Ian B.
name: Shectman, Stephen A.
name: Sneden, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies suggest that metal-poor stars enhanced in carbon but containing low levels of neutron-capture elements may have been among the first to incorporate the nucleosynthesis products of the first generation of stars. We have observed 16 stars with enhanced carbon or nitrogen using the MIKE Spectrograph on the Magellan Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory and the Tull Spectrograph on the Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory. We present radial velocities, stellar parameters, and detailed abundance patterns for these stars. Strontium, yttrium, zirconium, barium, europium, ytterbium, and other heavy elements are detected. In four stars, these heavy elements appear to have originated in some form of r-process nucleosynthesis. In one star, a partial s-process origin is possible. The origin of the heavy elements in the rest of the sample cannot be determined unambiguously. The presence of elements heavier than the iron group offers further evidence that zero-metallicity rapidly-rotating massive stars and pair instability supernovae did not contribute substantial amounts of neutron-capture elements to the regions where the stars in our sample formed. If the carbon- or nitrogen-enhanced metal-poor stars with low levels of neutron-capture elements were enriched by products of zero-metallicity supernovae only, then the presence of these heavy elements indicates that at least one form of neutron-capture reaction operated in some of the first stars.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (36 pages, 26 figures)
Revisiting Néel 60 years on: the magnetic anisotropy of $\mathrm{L}1_0$ FeNi (tetrataenite)
Creators: name: Woodgate, Christopher D.
name: Patrick, Christopher E.
name: Lewis, Laura H.
name: Staunton, Julie B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of atomically ordered $\mathrm{L}1_0$ FeNi (the meteoritic mineral tetrataenite) is studied within a first-principles electronic structure framework. Two compositions are examined: equiatomic Fe$_{0.5}$Ni$_{0.5}$ and an Fe-rich composition, Fe$_{0.56}$Ni$_{0.44}$. It is confirmed that, for the single crystals modelled in this work, the leading-order anisotropy coefficient $K_1$ dominates the higher-order coefficients $K_2$ and $K_3$. To enable comparison with experiment, the effects of both imperfect atomic long-range order and finite temperature are included. While our computational results initially appear to undershoot the measured experimental values for this system, careful scrutiny of the original analysis due to Néel et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 35, 873 (1964)] suggests that our computed value of $K_1$ is, in fact, consistent with experimental values, and that the noted discrepancy has its origins in the nanoscale polycrystalline, multivariant nature of experimental samples, that yields much larger values of $K_2$ and $K_3$ than expected a priori. These results provide fresh insight into the existing discrepancies in the literature regarding the value of tetrataenite's uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy in both natural and synthetic samples.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Shape optimization problems on metric measure spaces
Creators: name: Buttazzo, Giuseppe
name: Velichkov, Bozhidar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J45, 49R05, 35P15, 47A75, 35J25, 46E35, 35R03, 30L99

description: We consider shape optimization problems of the form $$\min\big\{J(Ω)\ :\ Ω\subset X,\ m(Ω)\le c\big\},$$ where $X$ is a metric measure space and $J$ is a suitable shape functional. We adapt the notions of $γ$-convergence and weak $γ$-convergence to this new general abstract setting to prove the existence of an optimal domain. Several examples are pointed out and discussed.
description: 27 pages, the final publication is available at http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-functional-analysis/
title: Оценивание ковариационной матрицы возмущений на входе управляемого объекта на основе итеративных алгоритмов
Creators: name: Зарипов, О.О.
name: Шукурова, О.П.
Publisher: name: Tashkent State Technical University Named after Islam Karimov
Year: 2018

description: Рассматриваются вопросы формирования и построения устойчивых алгоритмов оценивания ковариационных матриц входных возмущений объекта управления на основе методов последовательных приближений. Приводятся алгоритмы устойчивого оценивания ковариационных матриц возмущений на входе объекта на основе концепций итеративных алгоритмов. Приведенные регулярные алгоритмы позволяют производить устойчивое оценивание ковариационной матрицы шума объекта на основе концепций синтеза адаптивных фильтров и тем самым повысить точность процедуры адаптивного оценивания.
Additional file 4 of EVI1 expression in early-stage breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Creators: name: Leichsenring, Jonas
name: Vladimirova, Valentina
name: Solbach, Christine
name: Karn, Thomas
name: Ataseven, Beyhan
name: Sinn, Bruno Valentin
name: Barinoff, Jana
name: Müller, Volkmar
name: Blohmer, Jens-Uwe
name: Schem, Christian
name: Engels, Knut
name: Marmé, Frederik
name: Fisseler-Eckhoff, Annette
name: Fasching, Peter A.
name: Stickeler, Elmar
name: van Mackelenbergh, Marion
name: Denkert, Carsten
name: Stenzinger, Albrecht
name: Loibl, Sibylle
name: Gröschel, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 1. Correlation of baseline patient and tumor characteristics with EVI1 expression among BC subtypes. Supplementary Table 2. Multivariate analysis of EVI1 prognostic value in the entire cohort. Supplementary Table 3. pCR (ypT0 ypN0) rates overall and among breast cancer subtypes. Supplementary Table 4. Multivariate analysis of EVI1 prognostic value across BC subtypes. Supplementary Table 5. Univariate analysis of EVI1 prognostic value in patients with residual disease overall and among BC subtypes.
High-precision interferometric measurement of slow and fast temperature changes in static fluid and convective flow
Creators: name: Ge, Xinyang
name: Zielińska, Joanna A.
name: Maldonado, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the strengths and limitations of using a standard Michelson interferometer to sample line-of-sight-averaged temperature in water via two experimental setups: slow-varying temperature in static fluid and fast temperature variations in convective flow. The high precision of our measurements (a few mK) is enabled by the fast response time and high sensitivity of the interferometer to minute changes in the refractive index of water caused by temperature variations. These features allow us to detect the signature of fine fluid dynamical patterns in convective flow in a fully non-intrusive manner. For example, we are able to observe an asymmetry in the rising thermal plume (i.e. an asynchronous arrival of two counter-rotating vortices at the measurement location), which is not possible to resolve with more traditional (and invasive) techniques, such as RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) sensors. These findings, and the overall reliability of our method, are further corroborated by means of Particle Image Velocimetry and Large Eddy Simulations. While this method presents inherent limitations (mainly stemming from the line-of-sight-averaged nature of its results), its non-intrusiveness and robustness, along with the ability to readily yield real-time, highly accurate measurements, render this technique very attractive for a wide range of applications in experimental fluid dynamics.
Additional file 1 of Early clinical course of biopsy-proven IgA vasculitis nephritis
Creators: name: Butzer, Sarina
name: Hennies, Imke
name: Gimpel, Charlotte
name: Gellermann, Jutta
name: Schalk, Gesa
name: König, Sabine
name: Büscher, Anja K.
name: Lemke, Anja
name: Pohl, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Comparative subgroup analysis. Of 66 patients, we identified 28 children with crescentic glomeruli and/or nephrotic syndrome at onset of IgAVN. Referring to the German Society of Pediatric Nephology, a corticosteroid pulse therapy only would have been recommended. Of these 28 children, 17 received corticosteroid pulse therapy per protocol, 11 did not receive any immunosuppressive therapy. We therefore performed a comparative subgroup analysis which showed similar improvements of clinical symptoms and proteinuria.
On the Nonlocal Newtonian Cosmology
Creators: name: Moti, Raihaneh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the absence of an exact development of the cosmological models based on the Mashhoon nonlocal gravity, the Newtonian regime clarifies some aspects of it. To improve this model more reliable, going through some semi-Post-Newtonian considerations may be useful. One important feature to consider is the formation of horizons, which can be understood as a consequence of the finite interaction velocity. This highlights the importance of extending the integration across the entire space-time, rather than solely focusing on the spatial sector. In this context, we show that the density of effective dark matter would increase, while the density of Baryonic matter decreases, during the deep matter-dominated era. This finding is in contradiction with the predictions of the standard model of cosmology and it raises concerns about the compatibility of using Tohline--Kuhn kernel and considering the nonlocal effects as an effective dark matter in $Λ$CDM.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Efficient Catalog Matching with Dropout Detection
Creators: name: Fan, Dongwei
name: Budavári, Tamás
name: Szalay, Alexander S.
name: Cui, Chenzhou
name: Zhao, Yongheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Not only source catalogs are extracted from astronomy observations. Their sky coverage is always carefully recorded and used in statistical analyses, such as correlation and luminosity function studies. Here we present a novel method for catalog matching, which inherently builds on the coverage information for better performance and completeness. A modified version of the Zones Algorithm is introduced for matching partially overlapping observations, where irrelevant parts of the data are excluded up front for efficiency. Our design enables searches to focus on specific areas on the sky to further speed up the process. Another important advantage of the new method over traditional techniques is its ability to quickly detect dropouts, i.e., the missing components that are in the observed regions of the celestial sphere but did not reach the detection limit in some observations. These often provide invaluable insight into the spectral energy distribution of the matched sources but rarely available in traditional associations.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Storyfier: Exploring Vocabulary Learning Support with Text Generation Models
Creators: name: Peng, Zhenhui
name: Wang, Xingbo
name: Han, Qiushi
name: Zhu, Junkai
name: Ma, Xiaojuan
name: Qu, Huamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vocabulary learning support tools have widely exploited existing materials, e.g., stories or video clips, as contexts to help users memorize each target word. However, these tools could not provide a coherent context for any target words of learners' interests, and they seldom help practice word usage. In this paper, we work with teachers and students to iteratively develop Storyfier, which leverages text generation models to enable learners to read a generated story that covers any target words, conduct a story cloze test, and use these words to write a new story with adaptive AI assistance. Our within-subjects study (N=28) shows that learners generally favor the generated stories for connecting target words and writing assistance for easing their learning workload. However, in the read-cloze-write learning sessions, participants using Storyfier perform worse in recalling and using target words than learning with a baseline tool without our AI features. We discuss insights into supporting learning tasks with generative models.
description: To appear at the 2023 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST); 16 pages (7 figures, 23 tables)
A theoretical study of blue phosphorene nanoribbons based on first-principles calculations
Creators: name: Xie, Jiefeng
name: Si, M. S.
name: Yang, D. Z.
name: Zhang, Z. Y.
name: Xue, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on first-principles calculations, we present a quantum confinement mechanism for the band gaps of blue phosphorene nanoribbons (BPNRs) as a function of their widths. The BPNRs considered have either armchair or zigzag shaped edges on both sides with hydrogen saturation. Both the two types of nanoribbons are shown to be indirect semiconductors. An enhanced energy gap of around 1 eV can be realized when the width decreases to about 10 ang. The underlying physics is ascribed to the quantum confinement. More importantly, the quantum confinement parameters are obtained by fitting the calculated gaps with respect to their widths. The results show that the quantum confinement in armchair nanoribbons is stronger than that in zigzag ones. This study provides an efficient approach to tune the energy gap in BPNRs.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures
A Systematic Construction of Kastor-Traschen Currents and their Extensions to Generic Powers of Curvature
Creators: name: Ozkarsligil, Zeynep Tugce
name: Tekin, Bayram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kastor and Traschen constructed totally anti-symmetric conserved currents that are linear in the Riemann curvature in spacetimes admitting Killing-Yano tensors. The construction does not refer to any field equations and is built on the algebraic and differential symmetries of the Riemann tensor as well as on the Killing-Yano equation. Here we give a systematic generalization of their work and find divergence-free currents that are built from the powers of the curvature tensor. A rank-4 divergence-free tensor that is constructed from the powers of the curvature tensor plays a major role here and it comes from the Lanczos-Lovelock theory.
description: 11 pages, v2 matches the published version
title: Phytophthora по брезата (Betula spp.)
Creators: name: Lilja, Arja
name: Thinggaard, Kirsten
name: Munda, Alenka
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut , Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
Year: 2013

description: JKI Data Sheets Plant Pests and Diagnosis; 2013/44
description: Брезата е икономически важен вид, особено в райони със студен климат. Тя е еднодомно и разделнополово растение и семената и се разпространяват с вятъра. Родът съдържа повече от 60 таксона, включително дървета и храсти. Бялата бреза (B. pendula Roth) и косматата бреза (B. pubescens Ehrh) са широко разпространени в Европа, a също така се срещат и в северните части на Азия (Hamet-Ahti et al., 1989; Niemisto et al., 2008). Жълтата бреза (B. alleghaniensis  Britton), сладката бреза (B. lenta L.), хартиената бреза (B. papyrifera Marshall), сивата бреза (B. populifolia Marsh.) и черната бреза (B. nigra L.) са видове, типични за Северна Америка (Hamet-Ahti et al., 1989; Verkasalo, 1990). В Скандинавия и Северна Европа B. pendula е иконо-мически важен дървесен вид за горската индустрия, но също така и ценен декоративен вид, засаждан в паркове, алеи и градини. B. alleghaniensis, B. lenta и B. papyrifera са също ценни за горската индустрия видове.  Брезите са студоустойчиви видове и в Южна Европа те се срещат главно на по-висока надморска височина. Много видове бреза като джуджевидната бреза (B. nana L.), арктиче-ската тресавищна бреза (B. pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hamet-Ahti), и хималайската бреза (B. utilis D. Don) са типични за горните граници на горите. B. nana и нейните подвидове са храсти, които произхождат от Арктика и хладните райони с умерен климат на Северна Европа, Северна Азия и северната част на Северна Америка. Те също така се срещат в Гренландия, както и в планините на Шотландия и Алпите. B. utilis произхожда от Хималаите и расте като храст или дърво (Hamet-Ahti et al., 1989; http://www.discoverlife.org).
Additional file 1 of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia
Creators: name: Adhikari, Bipin
name: Tripura, Rupam
name: Dysoley, Lek
name: Callery, James J.
name: Peto, Thomas J.
name: Heng, Chhoeun
name: Vanda, Thy
name: Simvieng, Ou
name: Cassidy-Seyoum, Sarah
name: Ley, Benedikt
name: Thriemer, Kamala
name: Dondorp, Arjen M.
name: von Seidlein, Lorenz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Post-training questionnaire.
Additional file 2 of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia
Creators: name: Adhikari, Bipin
name: Tripura, Rupam
name: Dysoley, Lek
name: Callery, James J.
name: Peto, Thomas J.
name: Heng, Chhoeun
name: Vanda, Thy
name: Simvieng, Ou
name: Cassidy-Seyoum, Sarah
name: Ley, Benedikt
name: Thriemer, Kamala
name: Dondorp, Arjen M.
name: von Seidlein, Lorenz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 2: Observation based quantitative questionnaire at the community setting.
Adsorption of Cu Metal and Colorant using Moringa olifera Seed as Adsorbent
Creators: name: Shamsudden, Ruslan
name: Alhassan Muhd Garba
name: Fa'iz A. Sheshe
name: Dalhatu A. Abdullahi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30304 Physical Chemistry of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: ABSTRACT Moringa oliefera seed is a multipurpose tree with most of its parts being useful for a number of applications. This study is carried out to investigate the potential of Moringa oliefera seed to be used as biosorbent for Cu metal and colorants from water system as a natural environmentally friendly biosorbent. The water was contaminated by dissolving definite amount of copper sulphate and used to in the study to monitor efficiency of the adsorption of copper by seed of Moringa olifera, and the dye solution (Methyl red) was also prepared by dissolving definite of amount of the dye and used to monitor the colour adsorption property of the seed of Moringa olifera. The results of copper adsorption from contaminated water showed that Moringa oliefera seed could be a promising adsorbent for copper from the water system with highest efficiency at pH of 7, 90 minutes’ contact time and 165 rpm, the results of colour adsorption show that the percentage of adsorption increases as the amount of the adsorbent (Moringa olifera) increased. The absorbance of the Cu metal solution and dye solution were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectra machines (AAS) and Uv-vis spectrophotometer respectively
Fermi Normal Coordinates and Fermion Curvature Couplings in General Relativity
Creators: name: Dey, Anshuman
name: Samanta, Abhisek
name: Sarkar, Tapobrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study gravitational curvature effects in circular and radial geodesics in static, spherically symmetric space-times, using Fermi normal coordinates. We first set up these coordinates in the general case, and then use this to study effective magnetic fields due to gravitational curvature in the exterior and interior Schwarzschild, Janis-Newman-Winicour, and Bertrand space-times. We show that these fields can be large for specific parameter values in the theories, and thus might have observational significance. We discuss the qualitative differences of the magnetic field for vacuum space-times and for those seeded by matter. We estimate the magnitude of these fields in realistic galactic scenarios and discuss their possible experimental relevance. Gravitational curvature corrections to the Hydrogen atom spectrum for these space-times are also discussed briefly.
description: 1 + 24 Pages, LaTeX, 5 .eps figures
Deep Synoptic Array Science: Implications of Faraday Rotation Measures of Localized Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Sherman, Myles B.
name: Connor, Liam
name: Ravi, Vikram
name: Law, Casey
name: Chen, Ge
name: Sharma, Kritti
name: Catha, Morgan
name: Faber, Jakob T.
name: Hallinan, Gregg
name: Harnach, Charlie
name: Hellbourg, Greg
name: Hobbs, Rick
name: Hodge, David
name: Hodges, Mark
name: Lamb, James W.
name: Rasmussen, Paul
name: Shi, Jun
name: Simard, Dana
name: Somalwar, Jean
name: Squillace, Reynier
name: Weinreb, Sander
name: Woody, David P.
name: Yadlapalli, Nitika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Faraday rotation measures (RMs) of fast radio bursts (FRBs) offer the prospect of directly measuring extragalactic magnetic fields. We present an analysis of the RMs of ten as yet non-repeating FRBs detected and localized to host galaxies by the 110-antenna Deep Synoptic Array (DSA-110). We combine this sample with published RMs of 15 localized FRBs, nine of which are repeating sources. For each FRB in the combined sample, we estimate the host-galaxy dispersion measure (DM) contributions and extragalactic RM. We find compelling evidence that the extragalactic components of FRB RMs are often dominated by contributions from the host-galaxy interstellar medium (ISM). Specifically, we find that both repeating and as yet non-repeating FRBs show a correlation between the host-DM and host-RM in the rest frame, and we find an anti-correlation between extragalactic RM (in the observer frame) and redshift for non-repeaters, as expected if the magnetized plasma is in the host galaxy. Important exceptions to the ISM origin include a dense, magnetized circum-burst medium in some repeating FRBs, and the intra-cluster medium (ICM) of host or intervening galaxy clusters. We find that the estimated ISM magnetic-field strengths, $\bar{B}_{||}$, are characteristically larger than those inferred from Galactic radio pulsars. This suggests either increased ISM magnetization in FRB hosts in comparison with the Milky Way, or that FRBs preferentially reside in regions of increased magnetic-field strength within their hosts.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table ; added references to section 1, 2, and 3; added a paragraph in Section 3 to discuss simulations addressing interplay of local and ISM magnetic field; added bar to B|| to indicate average over line of sight
CHINA-AFRICA RELATIONS IN POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE WORLD-SYSTEM: IN BETWEEN EXCLUDING-INSERTION AND INCLUDING-INSERTION
Creators: name: Albertin de Moraes, Isaías
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Economic history
Economic geography
Socio-economic development
International relations
International history
International economics

description: The purpose of this article is to investigate how the current China-Africa relations integrate the Political Economy of the World-System. The paper starts by explaining the theoretical framework of the research, the World-systems theory. Upon examination of the current economic and trade relationship between China and Africa, the research assessed two different models that the underdeveloped economies integrate the international economy: the excluding-insertion and the including-insertion. The article used the descriptive-qualitative methodology, using primary and secondary sources. The results indicate that China, when dealing with Africa, is reproducing exploitative power behaviour, the same way all nations are or have been part of the "leader circle" of the world-system have done previously.
Additional file 3 of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia
Creators: name: Adhikari, Bipin
name: Tripura, Rupam
name: Dysoley, Lek
name: Callery, James J.
name: Peto, Thomas J.
name: Heng, Chhoeun
name: Vanda, Thy
name: Simvieng, Ou
name: Cassidy-Seyoum, Sarah
name: Ley, Benedikt
name: Thriemer, Kamala
name: Dondorp, Arjen M.
name: von Seidlein, Lorenz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 3: Semi-Structured Interviews (SSIs) Guide.
title: Phytophthora spp. na Betula spp. (bríza)
Creators: name: Lilja, Arja
name: Thinggaard, Kirsten
name: Munda, Alenka
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut , Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
Year: 2013

description: JKI Data Sheets Plant Pests and Diagnosis; 2013/19
description: Bříza je významnou lesní dřevinou zejména v chladnějším klimatu. Jedná se o jednodomý, větrosprašný druh s větrem šířenými semeny. Rod zahrnuje více než 60 taxonů včetně stromů a keřů. B. pendula Roth (bříza bělokorá) a B. pubescens Ehrh. (b. pýřitá) mají těžiště rozšíření v Evropě a jsou zastoupeny i v severních částech Asie (Hämet-Ahti et al., 1989, Niemistö et al., 2008). B B. alleghaniensis Britton (b. žlutá), B. lenta L. (b. tuhá), B. papyrifera Marshall (b. papírovitá) B. populifolia Marsh. (b. šedá) and B. nigra L. (b. černá) jsou typickými druhy severní Ameriky (Hämet-Ahti et al., 1989; Verkasalo, 1990). Ve Skandinávii a severní Evropě je lesnicky významným druhem B. pendula, používaná však také jako okrasný druh v parcích, alejích a v zahradách. B. alleghaniensis, B. lenta a B. papyrifera jsou také druhy hodnotnými z hlediska lesnického. Břízy jsou chlad tolerující pionýrské druhy a v jižní Evropě jsou zastoupeny především ve vyšších nadmořských výškách. Mnoho druhů z rodu Betula jako B. nana (b. trpasličí), B. pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti a B. utilis (b. užitečná) jsou typické pro horní hranici lesa. B. nana a její poddruhy jsou keře přirozeně se vyskytující v arktických a chladnějších mírných oblastech severní Evropy, severní Asie a severu Severní Ameriky. Zastoupeny jsou také v Grónsku, stejně tak jako v horách Skotska a v Alpách. B. utilis přirozeně roste jako keř v oblasti Himálaje (Hämet-Ahti et al., 1989; http://www.discoverlife.org).
An Improved Lower Bound for Arithmetic Regularity
Creators: name: Hosseini, Kaave
name: Lovett, Shachar
name: Moshkovitz, Guy
name: Shapira, Asaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The arithmetic regularity lemma due to Green [GAFA 2005] is an analogue of the famous Szemer{é}di regularity lemma in graph theory. It shows that for any abelian group $G$ and any bounded function $f:G \to [0,1]$, there exists a subgroup $H \le G$ of bounded index such that, when restricted to most cosets of $H$, the function $f$ is pseudorandom in the sense that all its nontrivial Fourier coefficients are small. Quantitatively, if one wishes to obtain that for $1-ε$ fraction of the cosets, the nontrivial Fourier coefficients are bounded by $ε$, then Green shows that $|G/H|$ is bounded by a tower of twos of height $1/ε^3$. He also gives an example showing that a tower of height $Ω(\log 1/ε)$ is necessary. Here, we give an improved example, showing that a tower of height $Ω(1/ε)$ is necessary.
Inverse Lithography Physics-informed Deep Neural Level Set for Mask Optimization
Creators: name: Ma, Xing-Yu
name: Hao, Shaogang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the feature size of integrated circuits continues to decrease, optical proximity correction (OPC) has emerged as a crucial resolution enhancement technology for ensuring high printability in the lithography process. Recently, level set-based inverse lithography technology (ILT) has drawn considerable attention as a promising OPC solution, showcasing its powerful pattern fidelity, especially in advanced process. However, massive computational time consumption of ILT limits its applicability to mainly correcting partial layers and hotspot regions. Deep learning (DL) methods have shown great potential in accelerating ILT. However, lack of domain knowledge of inverse lithography limits the ability of DL-based algorithms in process window (PW) enhancement and etc. In this paper, we propose an inverse lithography physics-informed deep neural level set (ILDLS) approach for mask optimization. This approach utilizes level set based-ILT as a layer within the DL framework and iteratively conducts mask prediction and correction to significantly enhance printability and PW in comparison with results from pure DL and ILT. With this approach, computation time is reduced by a few orders of magnitude versus ILT. By gearing up DL with knowledge of inverse lithography physics, ILDLS provides a new and efficient mask optimization solution.
Study of X-ray radiation damage in the AGIPD sensor for the European XFEL
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiaguo
name: Fretwurst, Eckhart
name: Graafsma, Heinz
name: Klanner, Robert
name: Kopsalis, Ioannis
name: Schwandt, Joern
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), currently being constructed in Hamburg and planning to be operational in 2017 for users, will deliver 27,000 fully coherent, high brilliance X-ray pulses per second with duration less than 100 fs. The unique features of the X-ray beam pose major challenges for detectors used at the European XFEL for imaging experiments, in particular a radiation tolerance of silicon sensors for doses up to 1 GGy for 3 years of operation at an operating voltage above 500 V. One of the detectors under development at the European XFEL is the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD), which is a hybrid detector system with ASICs bump-bonded to p+n silicon pixel sensors. We have designed the silicon sensors for the AGIPD, which have been fabricated by SINTEF and delivered in the beginning of February of 2013. To demonstrate the performance of the AGIPD sensor with regard to radiation hardness, mini-sensors with the same pixel and guard-ring designs as the AGIPD together with test structures have been irradiated at the beamline P11 of PETRA III with 8 keV and 12 keV monoenergetic X-rays to dose values up to 10 MGy. The radiation hardness of the AGIPD sensor has been proven and all electrical properties are within specification before and after irradiation. In addition, the oxide-charge density and surface-current density from test structures have been characterized as function of the X-ray dose and compared to previous measurements for test structures produced by four vendors.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Identification of a HOXD13 variant in a Mongolian family with incomplete penetrance syndactyly by exon sequencing
Creators: name: Husile, Husile
name: Wu, Zhifeng
name: Yang, Liqing
name: Cao, Yaning
name: Wu, Qizhu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 2 of Identification of a HOXD13 variant in a Mongolian family with incomplete penetrance syndactyly by exon sequencing
Creators: name: Husile, Husile
name: Wu, Zhifeng
name: Yang, Liqing
name: Cao, Yaning
name: Wu, Qizhu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2
Concept Based vs. Pseudo Relevance Feedback Performance Evaluation for Information Retrieval System
Creators: name: Abderrahim, Mohammed El Amine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article evaluates the performance of two techniques for query reformulation in a system for information retrieval, namely, the concept based and the pseudo relevance feedback reformulation. The experiments performed on a corpus of Arabic text have allowed us to compare the contribution of these two reformulation techniques in improving the performance of an information retrieval system for Arabic texts.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1306.3955 by other authors
title: Phytophthora på birk (Betula spp.)
Creators: name: Lilja, Arja
name: Thinggaard, Kirsten
name: Munda, Alenka
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut , Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
Year: 2013

description: JKI Data Sheets Plant Pests and Diagnosis; 2013/51
description: Birk er et vigtigt skovtræ især i kolde egne. Det har vindbestøvning og dens frø spredes med vinden. Slægten indeholder mere end 60 arter af både træer og buske. B. pendula Roth (vortebirk) og B. pubescens  Ehrh. (dunbirk) har begge stor udbredelse i Europa og findes desuden i de nordlige dele af Asien (Hämet-Ahti et al., 1989; Niemistö et al., 2008). B. alleghaniensis Britton (gulbirk), B. lenta L. (sukkerbirk), B. papyrifera Marshall (papirbirk) B. populifolia Marsh. (poppelbirk) og B. nigra L. (sortbirk) er arter typiske for Nordamerika (Hämet-Ahti et al., 1989; Verkasalo, 1990). I Skandinavien og Nordeuropa er vortebirk en vigtig træart for skovindustrien, men bruges også som prydtræ i parker, alléer og haver. Gulbirk, sukkerbirk og papirbirk er også værdifulde for skovindustrien. Birken er en kuldetolerant pionerplante, og i Sydeuropa findes den hovedsageligt i højtliggende egne. Mange birkearter såsom B. nana L. (dværgbirk), B. pubescens  subsp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti (fjeldbirk) og B. utilis D. Don (himalayabirk) er typiske ved trægrænsen. Dværgbirk og dens underarter er buske hjemmehørende i arktiske og kolde egne af Nordeuropa, Nordasien og nordlige Nordamerika. De findes også i Grønland såvel som i de skotske bjerge og i Alperne. Himalayabirk vokser som busk eller træ og er hjemmehørende Himalaya (Hämet-Ahti et al., 1989; http://www.discoverlife.org).
GGOS Bureau of Products and Standards
Creators: name: Angermann, Detlef
name: Gruber, Thomas
name: Gerstl, Michael
name: Heinkelmann, Robert
name: Hugentobler, Urs
name: Sanchez, Laura
name: Steigenberger, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: GGOS
Geodesy
Bureau of Products and Standards
Geodetic Products
Numerical Standards
BPS Inventory

description: The Bureau of Products and Standards (BPS) supports GGOS in its goal to provide consistent geodetic products needed to monitor, map, and understand changes in the Earth’s shape, rotation, and gravity field. In addition to the operational structure, the Committees “Earth System Modeling” and “Essential Geodetic Variables” as well as the Working Group “Towards a consistent set of parameters for the definition of a new Geodetic Reference System (GRS)” are associated to the BPS. This contribution presents the structure and role of the BPS, and it highlights some of the recent activities. A key focus is on the evaluation of standards and conventions used for the generation of geodetic products. In this context, the BPS contributions for the updating of Chapter 1 “General definitions and numerical standards” of the IERS Conventions were presented and discussed. Furthermore, the activities are focused on the classification of geodetic products and on the generation of user-friendly product descriptions to support the establishment of a comprehensive Internet portal for Geodesy under the responsibility of GGOS. The GGOS website www.ggos.org serves as an “entrance door” and information platform to geodetic data and products, and should become an essential tool to make these data and products easier findable and accessible, and to make other disciplines and the society aware of Geodesy and the importance of its products.
The X-ray Properties of Five Galactic Supernova Remnants Detected by the Spitzer GLIMPSE Survey
Creators: name: Pannuti, Thomas G.
name: Rho, Jeonghee
name: Heinke, Craig O.
name: Moffitt, William P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abbreviated) We present a study of the X-ray properties of five Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) -- Kes 17 (G304.6$+$0.1), G311.5$-$0.3, G346.6$-$0.2, CTB 37A (G348.5$+$0.1) and G348.5$-$0.0 -- that were detected in the infrared by Reach et al. (2006) in an analysis of data from the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) that was conducted by the Spitzer Space Telescope. We present and analyze archival ASCA observations of Kes 17, G311.5$-$0.3 and G346.6$-$0.2, archival XMM-Newton observations of Kes 17, CTB 37A and G348.5$-$0.0 and an archival Chandra observation of CTB 37A. All of the SNRs are clearly detected in the X-ray possibly except for G348.5$-$0.0. Our study reveals that the four detected SNRs all feature center-filled X-ray morphologies and that the observed emission from these sources is thermal in all cases. We argue that these SNRs should be classified as mixed-morphology SNRs (MM SNRs): our study strengthens the correlation between MM SNRs and SNRs interacting with molecular clouds and suggests that the origin of mixed-morphology SNRs may be due to the interactions between these SNRs and adjacent clouds. Our ASCA analysis of G311.5$-$0.3 reveals for the first time X-ray emission from this SNR: the X-ray emission is center-filled within the radio and infrared shells and thermal in nature ($kT$ $\sim$ 0.98 keV), thus motivating its classification as an MM SNR. We find considerable spectral variations in the properties associated with the plasmas of the other X-ray-detected SNRs, such as a possible overabundance of magnesium in the plasma of Kes 17. Finally, we also estimate such properties as electron density $n$$_e$, radiative age $t$$_{rad}$ and swept-up mass $M$$_X$ for each of the four X-ray-detected SNRs.
description: 78 pages, 26 figures, Astronomical Journal, in press