cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fractional quantum Hall effect in a dilute magnetic semiconductor
Creators: name: Betthausen, Christian
name: Giudici, Paula
name: Iankilevitch, Alexei
name: Preis, C.
name: Kolkovsky, V.
name: Wiater, M.
name: Karczewski, G.
name: Piot, B. A.
name: Kunc, J.
name: Potemski, M.
name: Wojtowicz, Tomasz
name: Weiss, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73 . 43 . Qt , 73 . 40 . Lq , 73 . 43 . Lp , 75 . 50 . Pp

description: We report the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in the lowest Landau level of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES), residing in the diluted magnetic semiconductor Cd1−xMnxTe. The presence of magnetic impurities results in a giant Zeeman splitting leading to an unusual ordering of composite fermion Landau levels. In experiment, this results in an unconventional opening and closing of fractional gaps around the filling factor ν=3/2 as a function of an in-plane magnetic field, i.e., of the Zeeman energy. By including the s-d exchange energy into the composite Landau level spectrum the opening and closing of the gap at filling factor 5/3 can be modeled quantitatively. The widely tunable spin-splitting in a diluted magnetic 2DES provides a means to manipulate fractional states.
A Supersymmetric Flavor Clockwork
Creators: name: Altmannshofer, Wolfgang
name: Gadam, Sri Aditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clockwork models can explain the flavor hierarchies in the Standard Model quark and lepton spectrum. We construct supersymmetric versions of such flavor clockwork models. The zero modes of the clockwork are identified with the fermions and sfermions of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. In addition to generating a hierarchical fermion spectrum, the clockwork also predicts a specific flavor structure for the soft SUSY breaking sfermion masses. We find sizeable flavor mixing among first and second generation squarks. Constraints from Kaon oscillations require the masses of either squarks or gluinos to be above a scale of $\sim 3$ PeV.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; references and discussion about running of gauge couplings added; version accepted for publication in PRD
CMB quadrupole suppression: II. The early fast roll stage
Creators: name: Boyanovsky, D.
name: de Vega, H. J.
name: Sanchez, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the effective field theory of inflation, an initialization of the classical dynamics of the inflaton with approximate equipartition between the kinetic and potential energy of the inflaton leads to a brief fast roll stage that precedes the slow roll regime. The fast roll stage leads to an attractive potential in the wave equations for the mode functions of curvature and tensor perturbations. The evolution of the inflationary perturbations is equivalent to the scattering by this potential and a useful dictionary between the scattering data and observables is established.Implementing methods from scattering theory we prove that this attractive potential leads to a suppression of the quadrupole moment for CMB and B-mode angular power spectra. The scale of the potential is determined by the Hubble parameter during slow roll. Within the effective field theory of inflation at the grand unification (GUT) energy scale we find that if inflation lasts a total number of efolds N_{tot} ~ 59, there is a 10-20% suppression of the CMB quadrupole and about 2-4% suppression of the tensor quadrupole. The suppression of higher multipoles is smaller, falling off as 1/l^2. The suppression is much smaller for N_{tot} > 59, therefore if the observable suppression originates in the fast roll stage, there is the upper bound N_{tot} ~ 59.
description: Some comments and references added
Photometric and Spectroscopic analysis of four contact binaries
Creators: name: Panchal, Alaxendra
name: Joshi, Yogesh C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the photometric and spectroscopic analysis of four W UMa binaries J015829.5+260333 (hereinafter as J0158), J030505.1+293443 (hereinafter as J0305), J102211.7+310022 (hereinafter as J1022) and KW Psc. The VRcIc band photometric observations are carried out with the 1.3-m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope. For low resolution spectroscopy, we used 2-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope as well as the archival data from 4-m LAMOST survey. The systems J0158 and J0305 show a period increase rate of 5.26(+/-1.72)x10^-7 days/yr and 1.78(+/-1.52)x10^-6 days/yr, respectively. The period of J1022 is found to be decreasing with a rate of 4.22(+/-1.67)x10^-6 days/yr. The period analysis of KW Psc displays no change in its period. PHOEBE package is used for the light curve modeling and basic parameters are evaluated with the help of GAIA parallax. The asymmetry of light curves is explained with the assumption of cool spots at specific positions on one of the components of the system. On the basis of temperatures, mass ratios, fill-out factors and periods, the system J1022 is identified as W-subtype systems while the others show some mixed properties. To probe the chromospheric activities in these W UMa binaries, their spectra are compared with the known inactive stars spectra. The comparison shows emission in Hα, Hβand CaII. To understand the evolutionary status of these systems, the components are drawn in mass-radius and mass-luminosity planes with other well characterized binary systems. The secondary components of all the systems are away from ZAMS which indicates that secondary is more evolved than the primary component.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
General construction of flat bands with and without band crossings based on wave function singularity
Creators: name: Hwang, Yoonseok
name: Rhim, Jun-Won
name: Yang, Bohm-Jung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we develop a systematic method of constructing flat-band models with and without band crossings. Our construction scheme utilizes the symmetry and spatial shape of a compact localized state (CLS) and also the singularity of the flat-band wave function obtained by a Fourier transform of the CLS (FT-CLS). In order to construct a flat-band model systematically using these ingredients, we first choose a CLS with a specific symmetry representation in a given lattice. Then, the singularity of FT-CLS indicates whether the resulting flat band exhibits a band crossing point or not. A tight-binding Hamiltonian with the flat band corresponding to the FT-CLS is obtained by introducing a set of basis molecular orbitals, which are orthogonal to the FT-CLS. Our construction scheme can be systematically applied to any lattice so that it provides a powerful theoretical framework to study exotic properties of both gapped and gapless flat bands arising from their wave function singularities.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, published version
Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs): a cost-effective solution towards compact large SPECT cameras
Creators: name: Guberman, D.
name: Paoletti, R.
name: Rugliancich, A.
name: Wunderlich, C.
name: Passeri, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scanners based on photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are still largely employed in the clinical environment. A standard camera for full-body SPECT employs $\sim50$-100 PMTs of 4-8~cm diameter and is shielded by a thick layer of lead, becoming a heavy and bulky system that can weight a few hundred kilograms. The volume, weight and cost of a camera can be significantly reduced if the PMTs are replaced by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The main obstacle to use SiPMs in full-body SPECT is the limited size of their sensitive area. A few thousand channels would be needed to fill a camera if using the largest commercially-available SiPMs of 6$\times$6~mm$^2$. As a solution, we propose to use Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs), built by summing individual currents of several SiPMs into a single output. We developed a LASiP prototype that has a sensitive area 8 times larger than a 6$\times$6~mm$^2$ SiPM. We built a proof-of-concept micro-camera consisting of a 40$\times$40$\times$8~mm$^3$ NaI(Tl) crystal coupled to 4 LASiPs. We evaluated its performance in a central region of $15\times15$~mm$^2$, where we were able to reconstruct images of a $^{99m}$Tc capillary with an intrinsic spatial resolution of $\sim2$~mm and an energy resolution of $\sim11.6$\% at 140 keV. We used these measurements to validate Geant4 simulations of the system. This can be extended to simulate a larger camera with more and larger pixels, which could be used to optimize the implementation of LASiPs in large SPECT cameras. We provide some guidelines towards this implementation.
description: Corresponding author: D. Guberman (daniel.guberman@pi.infn.it). Accepted for publication in Physica Medica. 25 pages, 15 figures
Phonological Description and Speech Recognition
Creators: name: Wang, William S-Y.
name: Gumperz, John
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023

description: Introduced by John Gumperz, recorded in 5107 Tolman Hall at 7:45PM; lecture given for the Institute of Human Learning Seminar. Wang was then a visiting professor in the Department of Linguistics.
Pimelodella taenioptera Miranda Ribeiro 1914
Creators: name: Díaz, Federico Ruíz
name: Soneira, Paula
name: Almirón, Adriana
name: Casciotta, Jorge
name: Gonzalez, Alfredo
name: Pimelodella, Sebastián Sánchez Abstract
name: The, Paraguay.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Siluriformes
Heptapteridae
Pimelodella
Pimelodella taenioptera

description: Pimelodella taenioptera Miranda Ribeiro, 1914
Material examined
Pimelodella taenioptera: AI 243 1 ex., 130.0 mm SL, Argentina, Corrientes province, río Paraná at Yahapé 27°22’12.1''S - 57°39’14.6''W. coll: A. Gonzalez et al., November, 2006. AI 244 1 ex., 152.8 mm SL, Argentina, Corrientes province, río Paraná at Itá-Ibaté (27°25’49.7''S - 57°21’59.9''W). coll: A. Gonzalez et al., November, 2007. AI 245 1 ex., 177.5 mm SL, Argentina, Corrientes province, río Paraná at Itá-Ibaté (27°25’49.7''S - 57°21’59.9''W). coll: A. Gonzalez et al., February, 2007.
Description
This species can reach 180 mm. Morphometry of Pimelodella taenioptera are provided in table 2. Body elongate and slender (five or six times in SL). Head short and large eyes. Maxillary barbels surpassing the anal fin origin, mental ones reaching the pectoral fin and the post mental ones reaching the dorsal fin origin. Dorsal fin origin nearer snout tip than caudal fin base. Adipose fin long, 2.0-2.3 times in standard length. Pectoral spine shorter than head length, serrated on anterior and posterior border. Caudal fin deeply forked, upper lobe much longer than lower one.
Colour in life
Ground colour silvery grey (Fig. 1). Head and flanks and caudal fin with a dark stripe. Middorsal body with a black stripe from the rear part of head to the end of adipose fin. Dorsal and pectoral fin smoky.
Habitat
The specimens of Pimelodella taenioptera were collected in February and November of 2006 and 2007 in coastal areas of a narrowed reach of the Río Paraná main channel, downstream a prominent sandstone outcrop (Fig. 2). The main environmental variables of the habitat are presented in table 1. Depth varied between 1.5-2.5 m and the bottom was composed mostly by large boulders of sandstone with patches of sand and pebbles.
The species was found in well oxygenated waters having moderate to high current speed.
Distribution:
Pimelodella taenioptera was captured in the río Paraná close to Yahapé (27°22’12.1''S - 57°39’14.6''W) and Itá-Ibaté (27°25’49.7''S - 57°21’59.9''W) towns (Fig. 3).
description: Published as part of Díaz, Federico Ruíz, Soneira, Paula, Almirón, Adriana, Casciotta, Jorge, Gonzalez, Alfredo, Pimelodella, Sebastián Sánchez Abstract & The, Paraguay., 2008, First record of Pimelodella taenioptera Miranda Ribeiro, 1914 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) from the río Paraná above río Paraguay confluence, Argentina., pp. 1-4 in Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 10 on pages 1-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11558150
Geometric approach to nonlinear coherent states using the Higgs model for harmonic oscillator
Creators: name: Mahdifar, A.
name: Roknizadeh, R.
name: Naderi, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the relation between the curvature of the physical space and the deformation function of the deformed oscillator algebra using non-linear coherent states approach. For this purpose, we study two-dimensional harmonic oscillators on the flat surface and on a sphere by applying the Higgs modell. With the use of their algebras, we show that the two-dimensional oscillator algebra on a surface can be considered as a deformed one-dimensional oscillator algebra where the effect of the curvature of the surface is appeared as a deformation function. We also show that the curvature of the physical space plays the role of deformation parameter. Then we construct the associated coherent states on the flat surface and on a sphere and compare their quantum statistical properties, including quadrature squeezing and antibunching effect.
description: 12 pages, 7 figs. To be appeared in J. Phys. A
Correction. Error estimates for binomial approximations of game options
Creators: name: Kifer, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Correction for Error estimates for binomial approximations of game options [math.PR/0607123]
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000808 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Chemistry of crude oil – The role of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and speciation of N- and O-containing compounds in heavy distillates
Creators: name: Τσερκεζίδου, Χριστίνα Ισαάκ
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2017
Subjects: Χημεία
Ανάλυση Πετρελαίου
Βαριά κλάσματα
Chemistry
Petroleum analysis
Heavy distillates

description: Petroleum is a naturally occurring mixture that consists of thousands of distinct hydrocarbon and heterocyclic molecules. It is well known that the crude oil composition has a conspicuous impact on its quality, on the refining processes and the production, thus it changes its economic value. The present study aimed to provide a wide presentation of the petroleum chemistry and the importance of composition analysis in the crude oil fractions, with emphasis to the heavy distillates. The most important chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques used in heavy crude oil are presented, such as Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography (GC), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Raman, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectroscopy (MS), along with examples of their applications. In addition, the determination of undesirable species like the nitrogen and oxygen containing compounds in the heavy distillates, is discussed and explained in detail. Applications of lately used techniques for the speciation of N- and O-containing compounds are also presented.
description: Το πετρέλαιο είναι ένα φυσικώς απαντώμενο μίγμα που αποτελείται από χιλιάδες διαφορετικoύς υδρογονάνθρακες και ετεροκυκλικές ενώσεις. Είναι γνωστό ότι η σύσταση του αργού πετρελαίου έχει εμφανή επίδραση στην ποιότητά του, στις διεργασίες διύλισης και στην παραγωγή, και συνεπώς καθορίζει την οικονομική του αξία. Η παρούσα μελέτη στοχεύει στην παροχή μιας ευρείας παρουσίασης της χημείας του πετρελαίου και της σημασίας της ανάλυσης της σύστασης των κλασμάτων του αργού πετρελαίου, με έμφαση στα βαριά κλάσματα. Συνοψίζονται οι πιο σημαντικές χρωματογραφικές και φασματοσκοπικές τεχνικές που χρησιμοποιούνται στο βαρύ αργό πετρέλαιο, όπως η χρωματογραφία λεπτής στιβάδας (TLC), η υγρή χρωματογραφία υψηλής απόδοσης (HPLC), η αεριοχρωματογραφία (GC), η υπεριώδης φασματοσκοπία (IR), η φασματοσκοπία Raman, ο πυρηνικός μαγνητικός συντονισμός (NMR) και η φασματοσκοπία μάζας (MS), μαζί με παραδείγματα των εφαρμογών τους. Επιπροσθέτως, ο προσδιορισμός ανεπιθύμητων συστατικών όπως οι ενώσεις που περιέχουν άζωτο και οξυγόνο σε βαριά κλάσματα, περιγράφεται και εξηγείται λεπτομερώς. Παραθέτονται εφαρμογές χρωματογραφικών και φασματοσκοπικών τεχνικών που έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί τα τελευταία χρόνια για τον προσδιορισμό των ενώσεων που περιέχουν Ν- και Ο-.
description: Σε συνεργασία με: Γεωλογίας και Γεωπεριβάλλοντος (Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών), Μηχανικών Μεταλλείων Μεταλλουργών (Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο)
Electroproduction of pion pairs
Creators: name: Ivanov, D. Yu.
name: Diehl, M.
name: Schaefer, A.
name: Warkentin, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study hard exclusive electroproduction of two pions in the QCD factorization approach at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling. The pion pair can be produced both in an isovector and in an isoscalar state. The angular distribution of the produced pion pairs allows one to project out a component that depends on the interference of the isovector and isoscalar channels. Using specific models for the involved generalized parton distributions and two-pion distribution amplitudes we investigate the angular distributions of the pion pair in NLO and compare them with HERMES data. The differences between the LO and NLO results are moderate and the agreement with data is satisfactory, though not perfect. Expecting new results from COMPASS collaboration we perform the calculation also for the COMPASS kinematics.
description: 7 pages, a talk at International Workshop on Diffraction in High-Energy Physics - DIFFRACTION 2006, Adamantas, Milos island, Greece, September 5-10, 2006
Multi-fidelity regression using artificial neural networks: efficient approximation of parameter-dependent output quantities
Creators: name: Guo, Mengwu
name: Manzoni, Andrea
name: Amendt, Maurice
name: Conti, Paolo
name: Hesthaven, Jan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Highly accurate numerical or physical experiments are often time-consuming or expensive to obtain. When time or budget restrictions prohibit the generation of additional data, the amount of available samples may be too limited to provide satisfactory model results. Multi-fidelity methods deal with such problems by incorporating information from other sources, which are ideally well-correlated with the high-fidelity data, but can be obtained at a lower cost. By leveraging correlations between different data sets, multi-fidelity methods often yield superior generalization when compared to models based solely on a small amount of high-fidelity data. In this work, we present the use of artificial neural networks applied to multi-fidelity regression problems. By elaborating a few existing approaches, we propose new neural network architectures for multi-fidelity regression. The introduced models are compared against a traditional multi-fidelity scheme, co-kriging. A collection of artificial benchmarks are presented to measure the performance of the analyzed models. The results show that cross-validation in combination with Bayesian optimization consistently leads to neural network models that outperform the co-kriging scheme. Additionally, we show an application of multi-fidelity regression to an engineering problem. The propagation of a pressure wave into an acoustic horn with parametrized shape and frequency is considered, and the index of reflection intensity is approximated using the multi-fidelity models. A finite element model and a reduced basis model are adopted as the high- and low-fidelity, respectively. It is shown that the multi-fidelity neural network returns outputs that achieve a comparable accuracy to those from the expensive, full-order model, using only very few full-order evaluations combined with a larger amount of inaccurate but cheap evaluations of a reduced order model.
New analysis method of the halo phenomenon in finite many-fermion systems. First applications to medium-mass atomic nuclei
Creators: name: Rotival, V.
name: Duguet, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new analysis method to investigate halos in finite many-fermion systems is designed, as existing characterization methods are proven to be incomplete/inaccurate. A decomposition of the internal wave-function of the {$N$-body} system in terms of overlap functions allows a model-independent analysis of medium-range and asymptotic properties of the internal one-body density. The existence of a spatially decorrelated region in the density profile is related to the existence of three typical energy scales in the excitation spectrum of the {$(N-1)$-body} system. A series of model-independent measures, taking the internal density as the only input, are introduced. The new measures allow a quantification of the potential halo in terms of the average number of fermions participating to it and of its impact on the system extension. Those new "halo factors" are validated through simulations and applied to results obtained through energy density functional calculations of medium-mass nuclei. Performing spherical Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations with state-of-the-art Skyrme plus pairing functionals, a collective halo is predicted in drip-line Cr isotopes, whereas no such effect is seen in Sn isotopes.
description: 27 Pages, 29 Figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C back-to-back with second part (arXiv:0711.1275)
Information-Geometric Indicators of Chaos in Gaussian Models on Statistical Manifolds of Negative Ricci Curvature
Creators: name: Cafaro, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new information-geometric approach to chaotic dynamics on curved statistical manifolds based on Entropic Dynamics (ED) is proposed. It is shown that the hyperbolicity of a non-maximally symmetric 6N-dimensional statistical manifold M_{s} underlying an ED Gaussian model describing an arbitrary system of 3N degrees of freedom leads to linear information-geometric entropy growth and to exponential divergence of the Jacobi vector field intensity, quantum and classical features of chaos respectively.
description: 8 pages, final version accepted for publication
Synthesis of a model lipid and observation of behaviour of model liposomes by electrophoresis
Creators: name: Song, Xu Chun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A model lipid consisting of a cholesterol base, tetraethoxy— spacer and glucuronic acid head group was synthesized. First, the head group was prepared by acetylation and esterification of glucuronolactone to produce methyl (1, 2,3,4-tetra-O— acetyl——D—glucopyran)uronate (j.) which was then brominated to produce methyl (2,3,4—tri-O—acetyl—--D—glucopyranosyl bromide)uronate (Z). The combination of the cholesterol part and tetra— ethoxy chain was made by reacting cholesteryl—p—toluenesulfonate and tetraethylene glycol, to produce 3—O—(i1-hydroxy—3, 6, 9—trioxaundecyl)cholest —5-ene (tetra-EC) (3). The above steps were carried out with methods reported previously. The coupling of the head group and tetra-EC employed a different method, which had been used by others in the coupling reaction of the same head group and cholesterol, by using silver oxide as the catalyst instead of silver carbonate. Methyl t3—O--(3,6,9—trioxaundecyl) cholest—5—en—3-yl—2,3, 4—tri—O—acetyl——D—glucopyranosid3uronate () was produced from the coupling reaction with a yield estimated to be — 50’!., higher than that of the reaction with silver carbonate as the catalyst. The final step was to remove the methyl group and the acetyl protecting groups on the head group by using excess MaCH in a specific solvent system and acidifying with HC1, to obtain crude 3—O—(3,6,9—trioxundecyl) cholest—5—en—3—yl——D—glucopyranosiduronic acid (). The crude acid product was primarily purified by adjusting the pH of the suspension of the acid in warn ethanol and water and the salt form was obtained. The salt product, (i), was precipitated pure from chloroform solution by addition of mixed ethyl acetate arid hexane. The product (tetra—ECG), which has a negative charge on the head group, was used with other lipids to prepare liposomes. The liposomes, which vary in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain density and charge location were made for the purpose of mimicking the glycocalyx region in actual biomembranes. Particle electrophoresis was used to measure the mobilities of the liposomes in the solutions with variation of pH (1.8—9.9), ionic strength (O.OO1M—O.1H) and PEG chain density (O-60’A by molar ratio). The classical theory for particle electrophoresis was applied to calculate the mobility and the apparent charge density of the liposoznes. The pKa of tetra—ECG was determined with a plot of the mobility of the tetra—ECG—containing liposome against pH on the surface of the particle. A numerical model, which has been developed as a computational program, was used to interpret the results of electrophoresis as a function of ionic strength, in terms of several parameters which describe the surface properties of the liposomes.
Quark-hadron duality for heavy meson mixings in the 't Hooft model
Creators: name: Umeeda, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study local quark-hadron duality and its violation for the $D^0-\bar{D}^0$, $B^0_d-\bar{B}^0_d$ and $B^0_s-\bar{B}^0_s$ mixings in the 't Hooft model, offering a laboratory to test QCD in two-dimensional spacetime together with the large-$N_c$ limit. With the 't Hooft equation being numerically solved, the width difference is calculated as an exclusive sum over two-body decays. The obtained rate is compared to inclusive one that arises from four-quark operators to check the validity of the heavy quark expansion (HQE). In view of the observation in four-dimensions that the HQE prediction for the width difference in the $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ mixing is four orders of magnitude smaller than the experimental data, in this work we investigate duality violation in the presence of the GIM mechanism. We show that the order of magnitude of the observable in the $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ mixing is enhanced in the exclusive analysis relative to the inclusive counterpart, when the 4D-like phase space function is used for the inclusive analysis. By contrast, it is shown that for the $B^0_d-\bar{B}^0_d$ and $B^0_s-\bar{B}^0_s$ mixings, small yet non-negligible corrections to the inclusive result emerge, which are still consistent with what is currently indicated in four-dimensions.
description: 42 pages, 12 figures. v2: version accepted to JHEP
Autonomous Quadrotor Flight despite Rotor Failure with Onboard Vision Sensors: Frames vs. Events
Creators: name: Sun, Sihao
name: Cioffi, Giovanni
name: de Visser, Coen
name: Scaramuzza, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fault-tolerant control is crucial for safety-critical systems, such as quadrotors. State-of-art flight controllers can stabilize and control a quadrotor even when subjected to the complete loss of a rotor. However, these methods rely on external sensors, such as GPS or motion capture systems, for state estimation. To the best of our knowledge, this has not yet been achieved with only onboard sensors. In this paper, we propose the first algorithm that combines fault-tolerant control and onboard vision-based state estimation to achieve position control of a quadrotor subjected to complete failure of one rotor. Experimental validations show that our approach is able to accurately control the position of a quadrotor during a motor failure scenario, without the aid of any external sensors. The primary challenge to vision-based state estimation stems from the inevitable high-speed yaw rotation (over 20 rad/s) of the damaged quadrotor, causing motion blur to cameras, which is detrimental to visual inertial odometry (VIO). We compare two types of visual inputs to the vision-based state estimation algorithm: standard frames and events. Experimental results show the advantage of using an event camera especially in low light environments due to its inherent high dynamic range and high temporal resolution. We believe that our approach will render autonomous quadrotors safer in both GPS denied or degraded environments. We release both our controller and VIO algorithm open source.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Transport in Molecular Junctions with Different Metallic Contacts
Creators: name: Lawson, John W.
name: Bauschlicher, Charles W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ab initio calculations of phenyl dithiol connected to Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt electrodes are performed using non-equilibrium Green's functions and density functional theory. For each metal, the properties of the molecular junction are considered both in equilibrium and under bias. In particular, we consider in detail charge transfer, changes in the electrostatic potential, and their subsequent effects on the IV curves through the junctions. Gold is typically used in molecular junctions because it forms strong chemical bonds with sulfur. We find however that Pt and Pd make better electrical contacts than Au. The zero-bias conductance is found to be greatest for Pt, followed by Pd, Au, and then Ag.
A flexible, fast and benchmarked vectorial model for focused laser beams
Creators: name: Li, Qingfeng
name: Chambonneau, Maxime
name: Blothe, Markus
name: Gross, Herbert
name: Nolte, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In-bulk processing of materials by laser radiation has largely evolved over the last decades and still opensup new scientific and industrial potentials. The development of any in-bulk processing application relieson the knowledge of laser propagation and especially the volumetric field distribution near the focus.Many commercial programs can simulate this, but, in order to adapt them, or to develop new methods,one usually needs to create a specific software. Besides, most of the time people also need to measurethe actual field distribution near the focus to evaluate their assumptions in the simulation. To easily get access to this knowledge, we present our high-precision field distribution measuring method and release our in-house software InFocus, under the Creative Commons 4.0 License. Our measurementsprovide 300-nm longitudinal resolution and diffraction limited lateral resolution. The in-house softwareallows fast vectorial analysis of the focused volumetric field distribution in the bulk. The simulationsof light propagation under different conditions (focusing optics, wavelength, spatial shape, propagationmedium) are in excellent agreement with propagation imaging experiments. The aberrations provoked by the refractive index mismatch as well as those induced by the focusing optics are both taken into account.The results indicate that our proposed model is suitable for the precise evaluation of energy deposition
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Is Downloading this App Consistent with my Values? Conceptualizing a Value-Centered Privacy Assistant
Creators: name: Carter, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Digital privacy notices aim to provide users with information to make informed decisions. They are, however, fraught with difficulties. Instead, I propose that data privacy decisions can be understood as an expression of user values. To optimize this value expression, I further propose the creation of a value-centered privacy assistant (VcPA). Here, I preliminary explore how a VcPA could enhance user value expression by utilizing three user scenarios in the context of considering whether or not to download an environmental application, the OpenLitterMap app. These scenarios are conceptually constructed from established privacy user groups - the privacy fundamentalists; the privacy pragmatists; and the privacy unconcerned. I conclude that the VcPA best facilitates user value expression of the privacy fundamentalists. In contrast, the value expression of the privacy pragmatists and the privacy unconcerned could be enhanced or hindered depending on the context and their internal states. Possible implications for optimal VcPA design are also discussed. Following this initial conceptual exploration of VcPAs, further empirical research will be required to demonstrate the effectiveness of the VcPA system in real-world settings.
Measurements of the Decays $B^0 \to \bar{D}^0\proton\antiproton$, $B^0 \to \bar{D}^{*0}\proton\antiproton$, $B^0 \to D^{-}\proton\antiprotonπ^+$, and $B^0 \to D^{*-}\proton\antiprotonπ^+$
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of branching fractions of $B^0$ decays to multi-body final states containing protons, based on 232 million $Υ(4S)\to B\bar{B}$ decays collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy $B$ factory. We measure the branching fractions ${\cal B}(B^0 \to \bar{D}^0\proton\antiproton)=(1.13\pm0.06\pm0.08)\times 10^{-4}$, ${\cal B}(B^0 \to \bar{D}^{*0}\proton\antiproton)=(1.01\pm0.10\pm0.09)\times 10^{-4}$, ${\cal B}(B^0 \to D^{-}\proton\antiprotonπ^+)=(3.38\pm0.14\pm0.29)\times 10^{-4}$, and ${\cal B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\proton\antiprotonπ^+)=(4.81\pm0.22\pm0.44)\times 10^{-4}$ where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. We present a search for the charmed pentaquark state, $Θ_c(3100)$ observed by H1 and put limits on the branching fraction ${\cal B} (B^0 \to Θ_c \antiprotonπ^+)\times{\cal B}(Θ_c \to D^{*-}\proton)<14\times10^{-6}$ and ${\cal B}(B^0 \to Θ_c \antiprotonπ^+)\times{\cal B}(Θ_c\to D^-\proton)<9\times10^{-6}$. Upon investigation of the decay structure of the above four $B^{0}$ decay modes, we see an enhancement at low $p\bar{p}$ mass and deviations from phase-space in the $\bar{D}\bar{p}$ and $\bar{D}p$ invariant mass spectra.
description: 9 pages, 26 postscript figures, submitted to PRD-RC
Axion clouds may survive the perturbative tidal interaction over the early inspiral phase of black hole binaries
Creators: name: Takahashi, Takuya
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave observation has the potential of probing ultralight bosonic fields such as axion. Axion forms a cloud around a rotating black hole (BH) by superradiant instability and should affect the gravitational waveform from binary BHs. On the other hand, considering the cloud associated with a BH in a binary system, tidal interaction depletes the cloud in some cases during the inspiral phase. We made the exhaustive study of cloud depletion numerically in a wide parameter range for equal mass binaries, assuming only the quadrupolar tidal perturbation is at work. We found that clouds can avoid disappearing due to the tidal effect only when $l=1$ mode is the fastest growing mode and when the binary orbit is counter-rotating in the non-relativistic parameter region.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Effects of dispersion of the dust velocity in the LISM on the interstellar dust distribution inside the heliosphere
Creators: name: Godenko, E. A.
name: Izmodenov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interstellar dust (ISD) penetrates into the heliosphere due to the relative motion of the Sun and the local interstellar medium (LISM). Inside the heliosphere and at the boundaries, where solar wind interacts with the LISM, distribution of ISD is modified due to the action of the electromagnetic forces, the solar gravitation and the radiation pressure. These forces make the distribution of the ISD particles in the heliosphere inhomogeneous. In previous work we demonstrated the existence of singularities in the ISD density distribution at 0.03 - 10 a.u. north and south with respect to the heliospheric current sheet. In this paper we show that dispersion in the ISD velocity distribution strongly affects the singularities. Even small values of dispersion have the drastic impact on the density distribution and smooth the high density layers discovered previously.
Inflation Assisted by Heterotic Axions
Creators: name: Olsson, Martin E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility of obtaining inflation in weakly coupled heterotic string theory, where the model dependent axions are responsible for driving inflation. This model can be considered as a certain extrapolation of $m^{2}ϕ^{2}$-inflation, and is an attempt to explicitly realize the so called N-flation proposal in string theory. The instanton generated potential for the axions essentially has two parameters; a natural mass scale $M$ and the string coupling $g_{s}$. For isotropic compactifications leading to of order $\mathcal{O} (10^4)$ axions in the four dimensional spectrum we find that with $(M, g_{s})\simeq(M_{GUT}, 0.5)$ the observed temperature fluctuations in the CMB are correctly reproduced. We assume an initially random distribution for the vevs of the axions. The spectral index, $n_{s}$, is generically more red than for $m^{2}ϕ^{2}$-inflation. The greater the vevs, the more red the spectral index becomes. Allowing for a wide range of vevs 55 $e$-foldings from the end of inflation, we find $0.946\lesssim n_{s} \lesssim 0.962$. The tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, is more sensitive to the vevs, but typically smaller than in $m^{2}ϕ^{2}$-inflation. Furthermore, in the regime where the leading order theory is valid, $r$ is bounded by $r < 0.10$. The spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio are correlated. For example, $n_{s}\simeq 0.951$ corresponds to $r\simeq 0.036$.
description: 1+21 pages, 2 figures, v2: Typos corrected, v3: Typos, very minor corrections, reference added, to appear in JCAP
The Consolidation of the Pharmaceutical Sector in the Global Economy: Growth, Influence, Deviations, and Marketing
Creators: name: Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana
Publisher: name: Federal University of Goiás
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pharmaceutical Industry
Medications
Dynamics
Excesses
Advertising

description: This study investigates how the pharmaceutical sector has become one of the largest and most influential economic sectors of our time. It presents figures and information that support this claim and aims to elucidate the factors that contributed to such a rise. Since Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928, pharmaceutical industries have evolved from small entities - often family-owned and operating locally - to multinational corporations valued at hundreds of billions of dollars with global influence. However, beyond the discovery and diversification of drugs, increased demand, and expansion of production capacity, part of this evolution is underpinned by complex, and in some cases perverse, strategies prioritizing profit maximization over public and individual health. The findings of this study reveal that, over the past two decades, the sector's revenues have quadrupled, reaching 1.48 trillion dollars in 2022, an amount comparable to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of developed countries such as Spain. The twenty largest companies in the sector have a combined market value of 3.5 trillion dollars and assets totaling 1.86 trillion, generating annual revenues of 820 billion and profits of 181.6 billion. For context, the assets of these companies alone are comparable to the GDP of all Sub-Saharan African countries. Companies, like Johnson & Johnson, have a market value exceeding the GDP of 184 nations. The study also examines and discusses questionable practices adopted by the pharmaceutical industry, including investing billions in lobbying and election financing, influencing regulatory agencies, financially supporting patient organizations, sponsoring authors of "Clinical Guidelines", manipulating and concealing drug research and tests, and directing massive investments to strengthen ties with prescribers, university hospitals, and academic institutions. Concrete examples of these actions are provided, backed by studies, data surveys, and court decisions, underscoring the alarming consequences of this reality. Lastly, the research analyzes pharmaceutical marketing as a primary sales boost strategy. Despite drugs not being ordinary commodities, susceptible to promotion under the lens of rampant consumption, companies invest billions annually in direct-to-consumer advertising. In the Brazilian context, the pharmaceutical sector stands out as one of the main investors in marketing. In recent years, several companies in the field have ranked among the highest individual advertising spenders. The emergence of digital marketing strategies driven by the internet, advanced algorithms, and social networks, combined with advertising campaigns harmful to public and collective health, underscore a concerning and challenging scenario.
Phonological Rules and Distinctive Features
Creators: name: Wang, William S-Y.
name: Sawyer, Jesse O.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023

description: Introduced by Jesse Sawyer, sponsored by the Department Linguistics, recorded in 2312 Tolman Hall at 9AM. Wang was then Chair of the "Division of Linguistics" at the Ohio State University.
First Lattice Study of the $N$-$P_{11}(1440)$ Transition Form Factors
Creators: name: Lin, Huey-Wen
name: Cohen, Saul D.
name: Edwards, Robert G.
name: Richards, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments at Jefferson Laboratory, MIT-Bates, LEGS, Mainz, Bonn, GRAAL, and Spring-8 offer new opportunities to understand in detail how nucleon resonance ($N^*$) properties emerge from the nonperturbative aspects of QCD. Preliminary data from CLAS collaboration, which cover a large range of photon virtuality $Q^2$ show interesting behavior with respect to $Q^2$ dependence: in the region $Q^2 \le 1.5 {GeV}^2$, both the transverse amplitude, $A_{1/2}(Q^2)$, and the longitudinal amplitude, $S_{1/2}(Q^2)$, decrease rapidly. In this work, we attempt to use first-principles lattice QCD (for the first time) to provide a model-independent study of the Roper-nucleon transition form factor.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, double column
A dynamical origin for early mass segregation in young star clusters
Creators: name: McMillan, Stephen L. W.
name: Vesperini, Enrico
name: Zwart, Simon F. Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some young star clusters show a degree of mass segregation that is inconsistent with the effects of standard two-body relaxation from an initially unsegregated system without substructure, in virial equilibrium, and it is unclear whether current cluster formation models can account for this degree of initial segregation in clusters of significant mass. In this Letter we demonstrate that mergers of small clumps that are either initially mass segregated, or in which mass segregation can be produced by two-body relaxation before they merge, generically lead to larger systems which inherit the progenitor clumps' segregation. We conclude that clusters formed in this way are naturally mass segregated, accounting for the anomalous observations and suggesting that this process of prompt mass segregation due to initial clumping should be taken fully into account in constructing cluster dynamical models.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJL
Optical response and band structure of LiCoO2 including electron-hole interaction effects
Creators: name: Radha, Santosh Kumar
name: Lambrecht, Walter R. L.
name: Cunningham, Brian
name: Grüning, Myrta
name: Pashov, Dimitar
name: van Schilfgaarde, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical response functions and band structures of LiCoO$_2$ are studied at different levels of approximation, from density functional theory (DFT) in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to quasiparticle self-consistent QS$GW$ (with $G$ for Green's function and $W$ for screened Coulomb interaction) without and with ladder diagrams (QS$G\hat W$) and the Bethe Salpeter Equation (BSE) approach. The QS$GW$ method is found to strongly overestimate the band gap and electron-hole or excitonic effects are found to be important. They lower the quasiparticle gap by only about 11~\% but the lowest energy peaks in absorption are found to be excitonic in nature. The contributions from different band to band transitions and the relation of excitons to band-to-band transitions are analyzed. The excitons are found to be strongly localized. A comparison to experimental data is presented.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Fiber laser-driven gas plasma-based generation of THz radiation with 50-mW average power
Creators: name: Buldt, Joachim
name: Müller, Michael
name: Stark, Henning
name: Jauregui, Cesar
name: Limpert, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present on THz generation in the two-color gas plasma scheme driven by a high-power, ultrafast fiber laser system. The applied scheme is a promising approach for scaling the THz average power but it has been limited so far by the driving lasers to repetition rates up to 1 kHz. Here, we demonstrate recent results of THz generation operating at a two orders of magnitude higher repetition rate. This results in a unprecedented THz average power of 50 mW. The development of compact, table-top THz sources with high repetition rate and high field strength is crucial for studying nonlinear responses of materials, particle acceleration or faster data acquisition in imaging and spectroscopy.