cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in Healthcare: A Threat to Patient Security
Creators: name: Triplett, William J.
Publisher: name: Gemilang Maju Publikasi Ilmiah
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cybersecurity
Confidential Data
Cyberattacks
Healthcare
Ransomware

description: Healthcare information systems hold significant importance; hence, their cybersecurity is crucial. Exposed networks make it easy for cybercriminals to launch cyberattacks and access healthcare data. Thus, concerns regarding cybersecurity and its link to healthcare privacy, confidential data, and medical devices are growing. Therefore, cybersecurity vulnerabilities in healthcare and patient security are significant issues. Healthcare information systems comprise correlated networks and play a vital role in treating and saving patients. However, advanced circulated ransomware attacks on hospitals prevent access to electronic health records for providing appropriate patient care, thus forcing doctors to turn to other facilities. These cyberattacks can leak patient data, and regaining control of information systems and patient data is highly expensive, thus resulting in extensive monetary losses. Cyberattacks aimed toward electronic medical records, information technology systems, and medical devices have corrupted the best systems across clinics and small offices with physicians, as well as merged health systems. There is an urgency to address cybersecurity vulnerabilities in healthcare; however, opinions differ regarding suitable measures for safeguarding patient data and ensuring infrastructural security. We aimed to reconcile these diverging hypotheses and provide an understanding of the current landscape and directions for further improvements by reviewing several studies on healthcare cybersecurity. We also interviewed healthcare professionals, cybersecurity experts, and administrators and distributed a survey questionnaire to healthcare organizations to gather quantitative data on existing cybersecurity measures and vulnerabilities. Our analyses show that healthcare organizations are vulnerable to a variety of threats, cyberattacks disrupt the health sector, cybersecurity vulnerabilities impact patient security, and implementations of cybersecurity measures are inconsistent across organizations. Owing to the sophisticated nature of cyberattacks, the healthcare industry must prioritize cybersecurity and provide the funding required to develop critical systems for safeguarding patients and their data. The study's findings underscore the need for standardized cybersecurity practices in healthcare to address inconsistencies in measures across organizations. Adequate and ongoing investment in cybersecurity infrastructure is imperative to counter increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks. Additionally, protecting patient data and maintaining trust within the healthcare sector are ethical imperatives that should guide industry actions. By embracing these implications, the healthcare industry can enhance patient security, financial stability, and ethical integrity.
A continuous interaction approach to interactive medical device design
Creators: name: Niezen, Gerrit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Health Care
Applied Computer Science

description: Errors are typically blamed on a human factor, forgetting that the system should have been built to take them into account and attempt to minimise these types of problems. This paper describes an approach to designing interactive medical devices using feedback loops, where the user forms part of a negative feedback loop that utilises behaviour to control perception. This tight coupling between the user and the device is called continuous interaction, where the user exchanges input and output of dynamic information with the device constantly over a period of time. Presented at the MediCHI workshop at the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2013)
Physics guided heat source for quantitative prediction of IN718 laser additive manufacturing processes
Creators: name: Amin, Abdullah Al
name: Li, Yangfan
name: Lu, Ye
name: Xie, Xiaoyu
name: Gan, Zhengtao
name: Mojumder, Satyajit
name: Wagner, Gregory J.
name: Liu, Wing Kam
Publisher: name: Nature
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computational methods
Engineering

description: Challenge 3 of the 2022 NIST additive manufacturing benchmark (AM Bench) experiments asked modelers to submit predictions for solid cooling rate, liquid cooling rate, time above melt, and melt pool geometry for single and multiple track laser powder bed fusion process using moving lasers. An in-house developed Additive Manufacturing Computational Fluid Dynamics code (AM-CFD) combined with a cylindrical heat source is implemented to accurately predict these experiments. Heuristic heat source calibration is proposed relating volumetric energy density (?) based on experiments available in the literature. The parameters of the heat source of the computational model are initially calibrated based on a Higher Order Proper Generalized Decomposition- (HOPGD) based surrogate model. The prediction using the calibrated heat source agrees quantitatively with NIST measurements for different process conditions (laser spot diameter, laser power, and scan speed). A scaling law based on keyhole formation is also utilized in calibrating the parameters of the cylindrical heat source and predicting the challenge experiments. In addition, an improvement on the heat source model is proposed to relate the Volumetric Energy Density (VED?) to the melt pool aspect ratio. The model shows further improvement in the prediction of the experimental measurements for the melt pool, including cases at higher VED?. Overall, it is concluded that the appropriate selection of laser heat source parameterization scheme along with the heat source model is crucial in the accurate prediction of melt pool geometry and thermal measurements while bypassing the expensive computational simulations that consider increased physics equations.
Towards a high-throughput microfluidic single-cell proteomic platform for analysing patient blood samples
Creators: name: Chatzimichail, Stelios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: A critical driver in the development of single-cell analysis platforms has been the recognition that cellular heterogeneity is crucial to understanding disease. Single cell proteomics offer significant insights of cellular function; however, currently suffers from low-throughput. The work outlined here presents the development and application of several single-cell protein analysis systems. Each aim to address technological gaps regarding throughput, cell selectivity and amenability to processing samples directly from patients. To achieve higher-throughput, we have developed the CellWell platform, a high-density microwell array which can capture thousands of cells within minutes; however, posed challenges relating to the simultaneous lysis of these cells. We developed a facile method to produce surface microelectrodes to achieve single-cell lysis on-chip, but the demanding surface chemistry requirements imposed by the necessity to support simultaneously both the microelectrodes and single-molecule antibody microarrays proved difficult to overcome. Instead, we investigated how implementing semi-permeable hydrogel-based microwells could overcome these issues. To assay cells in patient blood samples with the CellWell, pre-processing is necessary. With a clinical setting in mind, it would be advantageous to process raw samples directly from patients with little or no off-chip pre-processing. To address this, we develop our methodology into the Hydrodynamic Trapping Centrifugal Release (HTCR) chip which is specifically designed to isolate cancer cells from patient liquid biopsies. The HTCR implements a method by which cells can be easily released from hydrodynamic traps and subsequently moved to isolated compartments. We conclude in validating the single-molecule single-cell method using fluorescence and immunofluorescence microscopy. While necessary to validate our single-molecule approach, we also show that the equivalence of these measurements of the steady-state distribution of protein abundance can be exploited to pave the way for absolute quantitation by fluorescence and immunofluorescence microscopy.
Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations and antimicrobial activity of Pd(II) and Co(III) complexes with the condensation derivative of 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde and Girard’s T reagent
Creators: name: Kawther Adaila
name: Milenković, Milica
name: Bacchi, Alessia
name: Cantoni, Giulia
name: Swart, Marcel
name: Gruden-Pavlović, Maja
name: Milenković, Marina
name: Božidar Čobeljić
name: Todorović, Tamara
name: Anđelković, Katarina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Physics
Biochemistry
Biophysics

description: Complexes of Pd(II) and Co(III) with the condensation derivative of 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde and Girard T reagent were synthesized, characterized, and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In both complexes, the deprotonated ligand was coordinated to the metal through the phosphorus, the imine nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygen atoms. In the octahedral Co(III) complex two molecules of ligands were coordinated to metal ion, while square-planar environment of Pd(II) complex was constituted of one tridentate ligand and chloride in the fourth coordination place. The ligand and complexes showed moderate antibacterial activity. The molecular structures of the obtained metal complexes and the relative stabilities of two stereoisomers of the ligand were calculated using DFT at the S12g/TZ2P level.
Benchmarking Artificial Neural Network Architectures for High-Performance Spiking Neural Networks
Creators: name: Islam, Riadul
name: Majurski, Patrick
name: Kwon, Jun
name: Sharma, Anurag
name: Tummala, Sri Ranga Sai Krishna
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024
Subjects: ANN
ANN-to-SNN conversion
artificial neural network
CNN
convolutional neural network
low energy
network-on-chip
NoC
SNN
spiking neural network

description: Organizations managing high-performance computing systems face a multitude of challenges, including overarching concerns such as overall energy consumption, microprocessor clock frequency limitations, and the escalating costs associated with chip production. Evidently, processor speeds have plateaued over the last decade, persisting within the range of 2 GHz to 5 GHz. Scholars assert that brain-inspired computing holds substantial promise for mitigating these challenges. The spiking neural network (SNN) particularly stands out for its commendable power efficiency when juxtaposed with conventional design paradigms. Nevertheless, our scrutiny has brought to light several pivotal challenges impeding the seamless implementation of large-scale neural networks (NNs) on silicon. These challenges encompass the absence of automated tools, the need for multifaceted domain expertise, and the inadequacy of existing algorithms to efficiently partition and place extensive SNN computations onto hardware infrastructure. In this paper, we posit the development of an automated tool flow capable of transmuting any NN into an SNN. This undertaking involves the creation of a novel graph-partitioning algorithm designed to strategically place SNNs on a network-on-chip (NoC), thereby paving the way for future energy-efficient and high-performance computing paradigms. The presented methodology showcases its effectiveness by successfully transforming ANN architectures into SNNs with a marginal average error penalty of merely 2.65%. The proposed graph-partitioning algorithm enables a 14.22% decrease in inter-synaptic communication and an 87.58% reduction in intra-synaptic communication, on average, underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in optimizing NN communication pathways. Compared to a baseline graph-partitioning algorithm, the proposed approach exhibits an average decrease of 79.74% in latency and a 14.67% reduction in energy consumption. Using existing NoC tools, the energy-latency product of SNN architectures is, on average, 82.71% lower than that of the baseline architectures.
title:  Tutela dei diritti fondamentali e crisi delle democrazie tra processi di globalizzazione e crisi del concetto di Stato-nazione
Creators: name: Pellingra Contino  ,  Massimo
Publisher: name: Roma Tre University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05vf0dg29
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: La teoria e la protezione dei diritti fondamentali sono oggi tra i temi più dinamici del diritto. L’analisi delle radici storiche, giuridiche e filosofiche dei diritti fondamentali evidenzia sempre più il superamento della concezione generalista dell’universalità dei diritti dell’uomo, a favore di un pieno riconoscimento e di una maggiore tutela dei diritti stessi in seno alle costituzioni democratiche del secondo dopoguerra, che rappresentano la memoria e il futuro del costituzionalismo contemporaneo. Le graduali evoluzioni degli indirizzi dottrinari e il progredire del ragionamento giuridico-filosofico in tema sono al centro della riflessione sui principi e sui diritti umani come fondamento degli ordinamenti costituzionali contemporanei. La superiorità delle Costituzioni e, in generale, dei principi che le informano, anche in ottica comparativa, consente di soffermarsi sulla natura dei diritti fondamentali in relazione ai processi di globalizzazione. La rilevanza dei processi di globalizzazione economica e sociale ha portato a un’eccessiva frammentazione e segregazione che non ha certo favorito la ponderazione dei poteri e delle forze nel quadro composito delle garanzie costituzionali dell’ordinamento giuridico.

The Theory of Fundamental Rights and Protection of Fundamental Rights is one of the most dynamic issues of law. The analysis of the historical, legal and philosophical roots of fundamental rights today highlights the overcoming of the generalized conception of the universality of human rights. The victory of democracy is incomplete if it does not accompany the renewed commitment to protect human rights. In favor of full recognition and greater protection in the democratic constitutions of the Second World War, which are both living history and future of modern constitutionalism. The gradual evolution of doctrinal addresses, the advancement of legal-philosophical reasonings on the subject are at the center of today’s reflection on the principles and human rights as the foundations of constitutional order. The superiority of the Constitutions and, in general, the principles that inform them, even under the comparative optics, allow us to dwell on the nature of fundamental rights in relation to the processes of globalization. The relevance of the economic and social globalization processes has led to excessive fragmentation, and segregation which certainly did not favor the weighting of powers and forces in the composite framework of constitutional guarantees within the legal order.
description: Democrazia e Sicurezza – 2022 n. 3
PRAKTIKUM IV DIVISI MAGNOLIOPHYTA KELAS MAGNOLIOPSIDA ANAK KELAS DILLENIIDAE
Creators: name: Rahmah Medika Ananda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Assalamualaikum ibu ini laporan ulun PRAKTIKUM IV DIVISI MAGNOLIOPHYTA KELAS MAGNOLIOPSIDA ANAK KELAS DILLENIIDAE oleh : Rahmah Medika Ananda NIM. 180101110240.
Automatic design of gene regulatory mechanisms for spatial pattern formation
Creators: name: Mousavi, Reza
name: Lobo, Daniel
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2023

description: Synthetic developmental biology aims to engineer gene regulatory mechanisms (GRMs) for understanding and producing desired multicellular patterns and shapes. However, designing GRMs for spatial patterns is a current challenge due to the nonlinear interactions and feedback loops in genetic circuits. Here we present a methodology to automatically design GRMs that can produce any given spatial pattern. The proposed approach uses two orthogonal morphogen gradients acting as positional information signals in a multicellular tissue area or culture, which constitutes a continuous field of engineered cells implementing the same designed GRM. To efficiently design both the circuit network and the interaction mechanisms—including the number of genes necessary for the formation of the target pattern—we developed an automated algorithm based on high-performance evolutionary computation. The tolerance of the algorithm can be configured to design GRMs that are either simple to produce approximate patterns or complex to produce precise patterns. We demonstrate the approach by automatically designing GRMs that can produce a diverse set of synthetic spatial expression patterns by interpreting just two orthogonal morphogen gradients. The proposed framework offers a versatile approach to systematically design and discover pattern-producing genetic circuits.
A system architecture for the gathering and distribution of wireless sensor data in wearable computing
Creators: name: Niezen, Gerrit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: Distributed Computing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a system architecture for a power-efficient wireless sensor network platform that can be used for wearable computing. Current wearable sensor platforms and applications are discussed and evaluated, after which requirements for successful, cost-effective solutions are defined. A system architecture for small, power-efficient wearable sensor nodes is then proposed and discussed. Presented at the Student Colloquium of the Tenth International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Montreux, Switzerland, 11-14 October 2006.
How well do Earth system models reproduce the observed aerosol response to rapid emission reductions? A COVID-19 case study
Creators: name: Digby, Ruth A. R.
name: Gillett, Nathan P.
name: Monahan, Adam H.
name: Von Salzen, Knut
name: Gkikas, Antonis
name: Song, Qianqian
name: Zhang, Zhibo
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2024

description: The spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns led to a rapid reduction in aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions. These emission reductions provide a unique opportunity for model evaluation and to assess the potential efficacy of future emission control measures. We investigate changes in observed regional aerosol optical depth (AOD) during the COVID-19 lockdowns and use these observed anomalies to evaluate Earth system model simulations forced with COVID-19-like reductions in aerosols and greenhouse gases. Most anthropogenic source regions do not exhibit statistically significant changes in satellite retrievals of total or dust-subtracted AOD, despite the dramatic economic and lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic. Of the regions considered, only India exhibits an AOD anomaly that exceeds internal variability. Earth system models reproduce the observed responses reasonably well over India but initially appear to overestimate the magnitude of response in East China and when averaging over the Northern Hemisphere (0–70? N) as a whole. We conduct a series of sensitivity tests to systematically assess the contributions of internal variability, model input uncertainty, and observational sampling to the aerosol signal, and we demonstrate that the discrepancies between observed and simulated AOD can be partially resolved through the use of an updated emission inventory. The discrepancies can also be explained in part by characteristics of the observational datasets. Overall our results suggest that current Earth system models have potential to accurately capture the effects of future emission reductions.
Leveraging the Gravity Field Spectrum for Icy Satellite Interior Structure Determination: The Case of Europa with the Europa Clipper Mission
Creators: name: Cascioli, Gael
name: Mazarico, E.
name: Dombard, A. J.
name: Nimmo, F.
Publisher: name: AAS
Year: 2024

description: Understanding the interior structures of icy moons is pivotal for addressing their origins and habitability. We introduce an approach employing the gravity field spectrum as an additional constraint for the inversion of differentiated icy bodies' interior structures. After developing the general methodology, we apply it to Europa, utilizing the predicted measurement capability of NASA's Europa Clipper mission, and we prove its effectiveness in resolving key geophysical parameters. Notably, we show that using the gravity field spectrum in combination with the mass and moment of inertia of the body allows us to estimate, depending on the considered end-member interior structure, the hydrosphere thickness with 4–20 km uncertainty and reliably determine the seafloor maximum topographic range and elastic thickness to within 100–600 m and 5–15 km, respectively, together with the power–degree relationship of the seafloor topography. We also show that the proposed method allows us to determine the density of the silicate mantle and the radius of the core to within 0.25 g cc?1 and 50 km, respectively.
Computational study and experimental comparison of the in-flight particle behavior for an external injection plasma spray process
Creators: name: Remesh, K.
name: Yu, S. C.M.
name: Ng, H. W.
name: Berndt, Christopher
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis using Fluent V5.4 was conducted on the in-flight particle behavior during the plasma spraying process with external injection. The spray process was modeled as a steady jet issuing from the torch nozzle via the heating of the arc gas by an electric arc within the nozzle. The stochastic discrete model was used for the particle distribution. The particle temperature, velocity, and size inside the plasma plume at a specified standoff distance have been investigated. The results show that carrier gas flow rate variation from 2 standard liters per minute (slm) to 4.0 slm can increase the centerline particle mean temperature and mean velocity by 10% and 16%, respectively, at the specified standoff distance. A further increase of the carrier gas flow rate to 6 slm did not change the particle temperature, but the particle velocity was decreased by 20%. It was also found that an increase in the total arc gas flow rate from 52 slm to 61 slm, with all other process parameters unchanged, resulted in a 17% higher particle velocity, but 6% lower particle temperature. Some of these computational findings were experimentally confirmed by Kucuk et al. For a given process parameter setting, the kinetic and thermal energy extracted by the particles reached a maximum for carrier gas flow rate of about 3.5-4.0 slm.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and antifungal activity of a newly synthesized polymeric mixed ligand complex of Zn(II) with 1,1-dithiolate and nitrogen donors
Creators: name: Singh, Mahesh Kumar
name: Sanjit Sutradhar
name: Bijaya Paul
name: Adhikari, Suman
name: Butcher, Raymond J.
name: Acharya, Sandeep
name: Arijit Das
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: A new mixed ligand complex of Zn(II) with 1,1-dicyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate [i-MNT2− = {S2C:C(CN)2}2−] and 1,3-diaminopropane as ligands has been synthesized and characterized on the basis of spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Spectroscopic studies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveal that the zinc(II) complex is tetrahedral and adopts a 1,3-diaminopropane-assisted linear polymeric assembly. The molar conductance data of the complex in DMF solution show non-electrolytic nature. Biological screening effects of the complex in vitro have been tested against five fungi Synchitrium endobioticum, Pyricularia oryzae, Helminthosporium oryzae, Candida albicans (ATCC10231), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by the disk diffusion method. A comparative study of inhibition zone values of the primary ligand K2i-MNT·H2O and its synthesized complex indicates that the complex exhibits a fungistatic antifungal activity whereas K2i-MNT·H2O does not affect P. oryzae.
Opinion: Aerosol remote sensing over the next 20 years
Creators: name: Remer, Lorraine
name: Levy, Robert C.
name: Martins, J. Vanderlei
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2024

description: More than 2 decades ago, aerosol remote sensing underwent a revolution with the launch of the Terra and Aqua satellites. Advancement continued via additional launches carrying new passive and active sensors. Capable of retrieving parameters characterizing aerosol loading, rudimentary particle properties and in some cases aerosol layer height, the satellite view of Earth's aerosol system came into focus. The modeling communities have made similar advances. Now the efforts have continued long enough that we can see developing trends in both the remote sensing and modeling communities, allowing us to speculate about the future and how the community will approach aerosol remote sensing 20 years from now. We anticipate technology that will replace today's standard multi-wavelength radiometers with hyperspectral and/or polarimetry, all viewing at multiple angles. These will be supported by advanced active sensors with the ability to measure profiles of aerosol extinction in addition to backscatter. The result will be greater insight into aerosol particle properties. Algorithms will move from being primarily physically based to include an increasing degree of machine-learning methods, but physically based techniques will not go extinct. However, the practice of applying algorithms to a single sensor will be in decline. Retrieval algorithms will encompass multiple sensors and all available ground measurements in a unifying framework, and these inverted products will be ingested directly into assimilation systems, becoming “cyborgs”: half observations, half model. In 20 years we will see a true democratization in space with nations large and small, private organizations, and commercial entities of all sizes launching space sensors. With this increasing number of data and aerosol products available, there will be a lot of bad data. User communities will organize to set standards, and the large national space agencies will lead the effort to maintain quality by deploying and maintaining validation ground networks and focused field experiments. Through it all, interest will remain high in the global aerosol system and how that system affects climate, clouds, precipitation and dynamics, air quality, the environment and public health, transport of pathogens and fertilization of ecosystems, and how these processes are adapting to a changing climate.
PEARLS: NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Extragalactic Survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field II
Creators: name: Zhao, Xiurui
name: Civano, Francesca
name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
name: Bonoli, Silvia
name: Chen, Chien-Ting
name: Creech, Samantha
name: Dupke, Renato
name: Fornasini, Francesca M.
name: Jansen, Rolf A.
name: Kikuta, Satoshi
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Laha, Sibasish
name: Marchesi, Stefano
name: O'Brien, Rosalia
name: Silver, Ross
name: Willner, S. P.
name: Windhorst, Rogier A.
name: Yan, Haojing
name: Alcaniz, Jailson
name: Benitez, Narciso
name: Carneiro, Saulo
name: Cenarro, Javier
name: Cristóbal-Hornillos, David
name: Ederoclite, Alessandro
name: Hernán-Caballero, Antonio
name: López-Sanjuan, Carlos
name: Marín-Franch, Antonio
name: De Oliveira, Claudia Mendes
name: Moles, Mariano
name: Sodré Jr., Laerte
name: Taylor, Keith
name: Varela, Jesús
name: Ramió, Héctor Vázquez
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

description: We present the second NuSTAR and XMM-Newton extragalactic survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-Domain Field (TDF). The first NuSTAR NEP-TDF survey (Zhao et al. 2021) had 681 ks total exposure time executed in NuSTAR cycle 5, in 2019 and 2020. This second survey, acquired from 2020 to 2022 in cycle 6, adds 880 ks of NuSTAR exposure time. The overall NuSTAR NEP-TDF survey is the most sensitive NuSTAR extragalactic survey to date, and a total of 60 sources were detected above the 95% reliability threshold. We constrain the hard X-ray number counts, logN-log S, down to 1.7 x 10$^{-14}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ at 8-24 keV and detect an excess of hard X-ray sources at the faint end. About 47% of the NuSTAR-detected sources are heavily obscured (NH > 10$^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$), and 18+20% of the NuSTAR-detected sources are Compton-thick (N>10$^{24}$ cm$^{-2}$). These fractions are consistent with those measured in other NuSTAR surveys. Four sources presented >2$\sigma$ variability in the 3-year survey. In addition to NuSTAR, a total of 62 ks of XMM-Newton observations were taken during NuSTAR cycle 6. The XMM-Newton observations provide soft X-ray (0.5-10keV) coverage in the same field and enable more robust identification of the visible and infrared counterparts of the NuSTAR-detected sources. A total of 286 soft X-ray sources were detected, out of which 214 XMM-Newton sources have secure counterparts from multiwavelength catalogs.
SaGE: Evaluating Moral Consistency in Large Language Models
Creators: name: Bonagiri, Vamshi Krishna
name: Vennam, Sreeram
name: Govil, Priyanshul
name: Kumaraguru, Ponnurangam
name: Gaur, Manas
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Computer Science - Computation and Language

description: Despite recent advancements showcasing the impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in conversational systems, we show that even state-of-the-art LLMs are morally inconsistent in their generations, questioning their reliability (and trustworthiness in general). Prior works in LLM evaluation focus on developing ground-truth data to measure accuracy on specific tasks. However, for moral scenarios that often lack universally agreed-upon answers, consistency in model responses becomes crucial for their reliability. To address this issue, we propose an information-theoretic measure called Semantic Graph Entropy (SaGE), grounded in the concept of "Rules of Thumb" (RoTs) to measure a model's moral consistency. RoTs are abstract principles learned by a model and can help explain their decision-making strategies effectively. To this extent, we construct the Moral Consistency Corpus (MCC), containing 50K moral questions, responses to them by LLMs, and the RoTs that these models followed. Furthermore, to illustrate the generalizability of SaGE, we use it to investigate LLM consistency on two popular datasets -- TruthfulQA and HellaSwag. Our results reveal that task-accuracy and consistency are independent problems, and there is a dire need to investigate these issues further.
Complete genome and characteristics of cluster BC bacteriophage SoJo, isolated using Streptomyces mirabilis NRRL B-2400 in Columbia, MD
Creators: name: Kumar, Soven Verma
name: Schaffer, Nicholas
name: Bharmal, Zainab
name: Mood, Quinn
name: 2022 UMBC Phage Hunters
name: Erill, Ivan
name: Caruso, Steven
Publisher: name: ASM
Year: 2024

description: Here, we present bacteriophage SoJo, a siphovirus infecting Streptomyces mirabilis, with a circularly permuted genome of 39 kbp and GC content of 71.5%. Its genome length and content are similar to that of other phages in the Actinobacteriophage Database BC cluster. SoJo was isolated from soil in Columbia, MD, USA.
Agent Based Individual Trafficguidance
Creators: name: Wansher, Jørgen Bundgaard
Publisher: name: Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2020

description: When working with traffic planning or guidance it is common practice to view the vehicles as a combined mass. From this models are employed to specify the vehicle supply and demand for each region. As the models are complex and the calculations are equally demanding the regions and the detail of the road network is aggregated. As a result the calculations reveal only what the mass of vehicles are doing and not what a single vehicle is doing. This is the crucial difference to ABIT (Agent Based Individual Trafficguidance). ABIT is based on the fact that information on the destination of each vehicle can be obtained through cellular phone tracking or GPS systems. This information can then be used to provide individual traffic guidance as opposed to the mass information systems of today – dynamic roadsigns and trafficradio. The goal is to achieve better usage of road and time. The main topic of the paper is the possibilities of using ABIT when disruptions occur (accidents, congestion, and roadwork). The discussion will be based on realistic case studies.
description: Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2004): Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
СУЧАСНА БІБЛІОТЕКА ВНЗ ОЧИМА СТУДЕНТІВ: ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ СОЦІОЛОГІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
Creators: name: Kolesnykova, Tetyana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Education

description: В статті розглядаються дані, отримані при проведенні соціологічного дослідження серед
студентства Дніпропетровська. Висвітлюється місце бібліотеки і роль читання в житті сучасних студентів, визначається рівень їх інформаційної культури, надається рейтинг джерел інформування. The information got during the leadthrough of sociological research among the student of Dnepropetrovsk is examined in the article. A place is lighted libraries and role of reading in life of modern students, the level of their informative culture concernes, rating of sources of informing is given.
COMMUNICATING MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS: UNDERSTANDING THE STIGMA AND PRIVACY MANAGEMENT OF CELEBRITIES IN GHANA
Creators: name: King, Lyzbeth Safoah
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 470101
subject: Communication studies
classificationCode: 470108
subject: Organisational, interpersonal and intercultural communication

description: Like physical health, mental health is equally critical. However, the symptoms of some mental health disorders coupled with how some individuals understand mental health have generated a stigma on mental health disorders. This stigma makes it uncomfortable for people to discuss mental health. Guided by communication privacy management and stigma management communication theories, the study explored how Ghanaian celebrities disclose or not disclose their mental health disorders considering that there is a stigma that is linked to mental health disorders. Twenty individual interviews were conducted with Ghanaian celebrities. Data were analyzed using a phronetic iterative approach (Tracy, 2020). Data revealed a variety of disclosure patterns that I categorized into non-traditional and traditional disclosures. Some emerging CPM patterns include masked and sequential disclosure. Further, Ghanaian celebrities use different strategies like praying to manage the stigma stemming from mental illness. Collectively, these findings extend both communication privacy and stigma management communication theories by revealing new patterns of disclosure as well as strategies for managing the stigma associated with mental illness. More theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings are discussed in depth.
Earth Observation to Address Inequities in Post-Flood Recovery
Creators: name: Friedrich, H. K.
name: Tellman, B.
name: Sullivan, J. A.
name: Saunders, A.
name: Zuniga-Teran, A. A.
name: Bakkensen, L. A.
name: Cawley, M.
name: Dolk, M.
name: Emberson, Robert
name: Forrest, S. A.
name: Gupta, N.
name: Gyawali, N.
name: Hall, C. A.
name: Kettner, A. J.
name: Lozano, J. L. Sanchez
name: Bola, G. B.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2024
Subjects: earth observation
evidence-based data
monitoring
post-flood recovery

description: Floods impact communities worldwide, resulting in loss of life, damaged infrastructure and natural assets, and threatened livelihoods. Climate change and urban development in flood-prone areas will continue to worsen flood-related losses, increasing the urgency for effective tools to monitor recovery. Many Earth Observation (EO) applications exist for flood-hazard monitoring and provide insights on location, timing, and extent in near real-time and historically to estimate flood risk. Less attention has been paid to flood recovery, even though differing recovery rates and outcomes can have immediate and enduring distributional effects within communities. EO data are uniquely positioned to monitor post-flood recovery and inform policy on hazard mitigation and adaptation but remain underutilized. We encourage the EO and flood research community to refocus on developing flood recovery applications to address growing risk. Translation of EO insights on flood recovery among flood-affected communities and decision-makers is necessary to address underlying social vulnerabilities that exacerbate inequitable recovery outcomes and advocate for redressing injustices where disparate recovery is observed. We identify an unequivocal need for EO to move beyond mapping flood hazard and exposure toward post-flood recovery monitoring to inform recovery across geographic contexts. This commentary proposes a framework for remote sensing scientists to engage community-based partners to integrate EO with non-EO data to advance flood recovery monitoring, characterize inequitable recovery, redistribute resources to mitigate inequities, and support risk reduction of future floods.
Effects of Spraying Parameters on Phase Formation and Distribution in Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings
Creators: name: Sun, L.
name: Berndt, Christopher
name: Lima, R. S.
name: Kucuk, A.
name: Khor, K. A.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Calcined spray-dried hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO 4)(OH)6; i.e., HA) powders were atmospherically plasma sprayed (APS) using various process parameters. The resulting phases within the coating surface and the interface between the coating and the substrate were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. This XRD revealed the presence of both amorphous (i.e., amorphous calcium phosphate: ACP) and crystalline phases. The crystalline phases included both HA and some impurity phases from the decomposition of HA, such as tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP and ?-TCP), tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and calcium oxide (CaO). The crystallinity of HA decreased with increasing spray power and stand-off distance (SOD). The percentage of all impurity phases increased with the spray power. The percentage of both TCP and TTCP decreased with the SOD while the CaO percentage increased. In addition, the percentage of ACP and CaO were higher in the interface than at the surface of the coating while the percentage of TCP and TTCP exhibited the opposite effect.
title: Word Learning from Written Context in Early Childhood
title: Effects of Book Format, Scaffolding Features, and Child Characteristics
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Diprossimo, Laura
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2024
Subjects: word learning
digital media
literacy
early childhood
vocabulary
executive function
shared reading
scaffolding

description: The main objective of this thesis is to investigate word learning from
 written context in early childhood, with a focus on the effects of book
 format, scaffolding features, and child characteristics. There is
 consensus that written language provides unique opportunities to foster
 children’s vocabulary development. Yet, early literacy experiences are
 rapidly changing, with e-books and digital reading environments becoming
 increasingly common. Prior research investigating the effect of book
 format on word learning in young children has reported inconsistent
 findings, as synthesised in a recent meta-analysis. Given the pivotal role
 of early vocabulary for later reading comprehension, academic achievement,
 employment, and well-being, it is critical to unpack the effects of book
 format, scaffolding features, and their interaction with child
 characteristics in shaping vocabulary acquisition from written context.

 Chapter 1 provides an introduction, thesis rationale, and an overview of
 the literature and theories relevant to the empirical work presented
 across chapters 2, 3, and 4. Chapter 2 reports a pre-registered study
 investigating the effects of book format and child characteristics on word
 learning via naturalistic shared reading. Chapter 3 provides an in-depth
 evaluation of caregivers’ scaffolding during shared reading. The focus of
 this pre-registered study was to test the generalisability of the
 fine-tuning hypothesis, that is, whether caregivers adjust their
 communication to their child’s individual lexical knowledge and whether
 this adjustment supports children’s word learning in the context of shared
 reading. Caregivers’ scaffolding behaviour in print- and digital-based
 shared reading was also compared. Chapter 4 reports a pre-registered study
 using a big data approach to investigate the associations between child
 and item characteristics, use of vocabulary scaffolds, and reading
 comprehension in a digital environment. Finally, Chapter 5 discusses the
 implications of these findings for theory and practice, along with the
 recommendations and directions for future research.
Entrevista do professor Gaetano Pecora ao professor Rogerio Dultra em outubro de 2023
Creators: name: Santos, Rogerio Dultra dos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Entrevista
Gaetano Pecora
Rogerio Dultra

description: Entrevista do professor Gaetano Pecora ao professor Rogerio Dultra em outubro de 2023.
Using OSSEs to Evaluate GXS Impact in the Context of International Coordination
Creators: name: McGrath-Spangler, Erica L.
name: Privé, N. C.
name: Karpowicz, Bryan M.
name: Moradi, Isaac
name: Heidinger, Andrew K.
Publisher: name: AMS
Year: 2024

description: The Geostationary eXtended Observations (GeoXO) program plans to include a hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounder on its central satellite, expected to launch in the mid-2030s. As part of the follow-on to the GOES program, the NOAA/NASA GeoXO Sounder (GXS) instrument will join several international counterparts in a geostationary orbit. In preparation, the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) assessed the potential effectiveness of GXS both as a single GEO IR sounder and as part of a global ring that includes international partners. Using a global observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) framework, GXS was assessed from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) perspective. Evaluation of the ability of GXS, both alone and as part of a global ring ofGEOsounders, to improveweather prediction of thermodynamic variables was performed globally and regionally. GXS dominated regional analysis and forecast improvements, and contributed significantly to global increases in forecast skill relative to a Control. However, more sustained global improvements, on the order of 4 days, relied on international partnerships. Additionally, GXS showed the capability to improve hurricane forecast track errors on the timescales necessary for evacuation warnings. The FSOI metric over CONUS showed that the GXS observations provided the largest radiance impact on the moist energy error norm reduction. The high temporal resolution atmospheric profile information over much of the western hemisphere from GXS provides an opportunity to improve the representation of weather systems and their forecasts.
title: Black Ideologies, Black Utopias: Afrocentricity in Historical Perspective
title: Black Ideologies, Black Utopias
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bracey, John H.
name: Meier, August
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1994

description: Black Nationalist Ideologies have existed throughout the history of African Americans. But the exact content and the way in which their intensity and popularity has waxed and waned can be best understood by examining the specific historical contexts in which the ideas were embedded. Such an analysis has been completely lacking in the current furor over "Afrocentricity" in its varied forms. Many of the ideas which are now considered Afrocentric - though they were not labeled a such at the time - also flourished at the turn of the nineteenth century during what appropriately has been described as the "nadir" of the Black experience in post-Civil War America. There are sufficient parallels between that time and our own to give us reason to feel that a comparison of the social circumstances and the ideas of the two periods will enhance our understanding of the current debate.
Engineering extracellular vesicles for cellular delivery
Creators: name: Winter, Charles W.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Extracellular Vesicles (EV) are a complex collection of cell derived particles which efficiently transport functionally active bio-molecules over large inter-cellular distances and across biological barriers. To realise the potential of EV to act as next-generation personalised drug delivery vectors novel methods are needed to engineer EV contents and to characterise the interactions of EV with various cellular targets. The rapid pace of development of EV for therapeutic delivery means that the need for robust and sensitive methods which accurately elucidate EV-cell interactions are ever increasingly required. In this work, EV are engineered to carry a small molecule transgene activator called doxycycline (DXC). Dosing of DXC-sensitive reporter cells with loaded DXC-EV was used to trigger red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression in recipient cells. This response was spatiotemporally monitored and the dynamics and penetration of DXC-EV delivery within reporter cell systems cultured as mono-layers, as well as, more advanced 3D multi-cellular spheroid models overtime was tracked overtime. In addition, this reporter system was applied to investigate to study whether EV interactions with target cells could be modulated through the application of ultrasound to release EV from microbubble-EV complexes. Ultrasound was applied in this context to gain remote physical control over EV delivery and overcome diffusional barriers faced when EV need to signal to cell culture systems embedded within 3D collagen micro-environments. Overall, this thesis will examine cell engineering and post-harvest EV modification in order to engineer EV for enhanced therapeutic loading, and, will devise novel biomaterial inspired approaches to manipulate and gain physical control over EV to cell communication within tissue engineering scaffolds. Overall, these advances could be applied in subsequent studies to enhance the therapeutic properties of EV in the context of regenerative medicine.