The NANOGrav 12.5-year Data Set: Wideband Timing of 47 Millisecond Pulsars
Creators: name: Alam, Md F.
name: Arzoumanian, Zaven
name: Baker, Paul T.
name: Blumer, Harsha
name: Bohler, Keith E.
name: Brazier, Adam
name: Brook, Paul R.
name: Burke-Spolaor, Sarah
name: Caballero, Keeisi
name: Camuccio, Richard S.
name: Chamberlain, Rachel L.
name: Chatterjee, Shami
name: Cordes, James M.
name: Cornish, Neil J.
name: Crawford, Fronefield
name: Cromartie, H. Thankful
name: DeCesar, Megan E.
name: Demorest, Paul B.
name: Dolch, Timothy
name: Ellis, Justin A.
name: Ferdman, Robert D.
name: Ferrara, Elizabeth C.
name: Fiore, William
name: Fonseca, Emmanuel
name: Garcia, Yhamil
name: Garver-Daniels, Nathan
name: Gentile, Peter A.
name: Good, Deborah C.
name: Gusdorff, Jordan A.
name: Halmrast, Daniel
name: Hazboun, Jeffrey S.
name: Islo, Kristina
name: Jennings, Ross J.
name: Jessup, Cody
name: Jones, Megan L.
name: Kaiser, Andrew R.
name: Kaplan, David L.
name: Kelley, Luke Zoltan
name: Key, Joey Shapiro
name: Lam, Michael T.
name: Lazio, T. Joseph W.
name: Lorimer, Duncan R.
name: Luo, Jing
name: Lynch, Ryan S.
name: Madison, Dustin
name: Maraccini, Kaleb
name: McLaughlin, Maura A.
name: Mingarelli, Chiara M. F.
name: Ng, Cherry
name: Nguyen, Benjamin M. X.
name: Nice, David J.
name: Pennucci, Timothy T.
name: Pol, Nihan S.
name: Ramette, Joshua
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Ray, Paul S.
name: Shapiro-Albert, Brent J.
name: Siemens, Xavier
name: Simon, Joseph
name: Spiewak, Renee
name: Stairs, Ingrid H.
name: Stinebring, Daniel R.
name: Stovall, Kevin
name: Swiggum, Joseph K.
name: Taylor, Stephen R.
name: Tripepi, Michael
name: Vallisneri, Michele
name: Vigeland, Sarah J.
name: Witt, Caitlin A.
name: Zhu, Weiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new analysis of the profile data from the 47 millisecond pulsars comprising the 12.5-year data set of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), which is presented in a parallel paper (Alam et al. 2021a; NG12.5). Our reprocessing is performed using "wideband" timing methods, which use frequency-dependent template profiles, simultaneous time-of-arrival (TOA) and dispersion measure (DM) measurements from broadband observations, and novel analysis techniques. In particular, the wideband DM measurements are used to constrain the DM portion of the timing model. We compare the ensemble timing results to NG12.5 by examining the timing residuals, timing models, and noise model components. There is a remarkable level of agreement across all metrics considered. Our best-timed pulsars produce encouragingly similar results to those from NG12.5. In certain cases, such as high-DM pulsars with profile broadening, or sources that are weak and scintillating, wideband timing techniques prove to be beneficial, leading to more precise timing model parameters by 10-15%. The high-precision, multi-band measurements of several pulsars indicate frequency-dependent DMs. Compared to the narrowband analysis in NG12.5, the TOA volume is reduced by a factor of 33, which may ultimately facilitate computational speed-ups for complex pulsar timing array analyses. This first wideband pulsar timing data set is a stepping stone, and its consistent results with NG12.5 assure us that such data sets are appropriate for gravitational wave analyses.
description: 62 pages, 55 figures, 5 tables, 3 appendices. Data available at http://nanograv.org/data/ and via DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4312887