Grandilithus xiaohuangshan Xu & Mu & Zhang & Zhang 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Xu, Mengjiao
name: Mu, Yannan
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Zhang, Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Phrurolithidae
Grandilithus
Grandilithus xiaohuangshan

description: Grandilithus xiaohuangshan sp. nov.  
Figs 3, 4 Chinese name: 小黄山大斑蛛  
Type material.  
 Holotype ♂ (HBUARA#2021-63): China: Xiaohuangshan Scenic Spot, the Nanling Mountain National Forest Park, Ruyuan County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province (24°53.72'N, 113°1.24'E; 1338 m a.s.l.), 23 May 2021, leg. Yannan Mu. Paratype: 2♀, with same data as holotype.   
Etymology.  
The specific epithet refers to the type locality.  
Diagnosis.  
 This new species resembles G. florifer (Fu, He & Zhang, 2015) in having a similarly shaped embolus, but can be recognized by: 1) the different color pattern and lighter color (vs darker color, cf. Fig. 3 with figs 21, 22 in Fu et al. 2015); 2) the broad tegulum (wider than cymbium), the small, arch-shaped tegular apophysis (vs tegulum thinner than cymbium, tegular apophysis long, straight, cf. Fig. 4B, C with figs 25, 26 in Fu et al. 2015); 3) the thin median septum (vs wide, cf. Fig. 4E with figs 27, 28 in Fu et al. 2015); 4) the thick and strong copulatory ducts (vs thin and small, cf. Fig. 4E, F with figs 27, 28 in Fu et al. 2015); and 5) the long, straight spermathecae, with thin connecting tubes (vs connecting tubes thick, spermathecae short and curved, cf. Fig. 4F with figs 27, 28 in Fu et al. 2015).   
Description.  
 Male (holotype): total length 3.70, carapace 1.67 long, 1.48 wide; abdomen 2.03 long, 1.18 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.10, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.01, ALE-ALE 0.32, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.06, PLE-PLE 0.40, ALE-PLE 0.10. EAW 0.54, CRW 0.75, EAW/CRW 0.72, CRW/CW 0.51. MOA 0.29 long, anterior width 0.30, posterior width 0.27. CH 0.12. CH/AME 1.00. Labium 0.16 long, 0.24 wide. Sternum 0.98 long, 0.80 wide. Leg measurements: I 9.10 (2.14, 0.62, 2.66, 2.20, 1.48), II 7.14 (1.82, 0.57, 1.90, 1.68, 1.17), III 5.95 (1.57, 0.49, 1.34, 1.58, 0.97), IV 8.94 (2.41, 0.56, 2.19, 2.49, 1.29), leg pattern: 1423. Spination: femur II-IV d 1, femur I pl 5, femur II pl 3, tibia I pv 8 rv 9, tibia II pv 8 rv 8, metatarsus I pv 4 rv 4, metatarsus II pv 4 rv 3.   
  Coloration.  Carapace yellow-brown, with several patches resembling flowing droplets beside fovea. Abdomen fawn, with a small, yellow dorsal scutum anteriorly and black pattern posteriorly. A small, irregular, slightly sclerotized area in front of the spinnerets with black setae. Leg yellow-brown.   
 Palp as in Fig. 4A-D. Femoral apophysis protruding. Tubercle indistinct. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with broad base, curved, with coracoid-shaped tip. Tegulum nearly circular, wider than cymbium; tegular apophysis small. Sperm duct distinct, tapering from retrolateral of tegulum to base of embolus. Embolus thin, curved, tip sharp.   
 Female (paratype): total length 4.78, carapace 2.03 long, 1.75 wide; abdomen 2.75 long, 2.17 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.12, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10; AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.01, ALE-ALE 0.34, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.08, PLE-PLE 0.46, ALE-PLE 0.13. EAW 0.61, CRW 0.82, EAW/CRW 0.74, CRW/CW 0.95. MOA 0.32 long, anterior width 0.31, posterior width 0.30. CH 0.13, CH/AME 1.08. Labium 0.22 long, 0.30 wide. Sternum 1.18 long, 0.96 wide. Leg measurements: I 10.98 (2.52, 0.69, 3.06, 2.13, 2.58), II 8.31 (2.21, 0.66, 2.38, 1.79, 1.27), III 6.67 (1.81, 0.61, 1.46, 1.77, 1.02), IV 10.42 (2.87, 0.67, 2.50, 2.94, 1.44), leg pattern: 1 4 2 3. Spination: femur I pl 5, femur II d 1 pl 5, femur IV d 1, tibia I pv 9 rv 10, tibia II pv 9 rv 8, metatarsus I pv 4 rv 4, metatarsus II pv 4 rv 3.   
  Coloration.  Carapace darker than male, with several patches resembling flowing droplets beside fovea. Abdomen black, with a small, white inverted triangular mark anteriorly. A small, irregular, slightly sclerotized area in front of the spinnerets with black setae. Leg yellow-brown.   
 Epigyne as in Fig. 4E, F. Epigynal plate slightly sclerotized. Median septum narrow, inverted goblet-shaped. Copulatory openings distinct, separated by median septum. Copulatory ducts thick and strong, bent, J-shaped. Bursa medium, balloon-shaped, the right one larger than left in dorsal view. Glandular appendages large. Connecting tubes short, curved, thinner than copulatory ducts. Spermathecae long, clavate, separated from each other. Fertilization ducts located at posterior of spermathecae.   
Distribution.  
China: Guangdong Province (Fig. 7).
description: Published as part of Xu, Mengjiao, Mu, Yannan, Zhang, Chao & Zhang, Feng, 2023, Three new species of Grandilithus Liu & Li, 2022 (Araneae, Phrurolithidae) from southern China, pp. 205-217 in ZooKeys 1183 on page 205, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1183.113075