cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is an Undervalued Currency the Key to Economic Growth?
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: Dani Rodrik (2008) offers a provocative argument for policies that seek to maintain an "undervalued" exchange rate in order to promote economic growth. The key to his argument is the empirical evidence that he presents, indicating correlation of his measure of undervaluation with economic growth in cross-country panel regressions. Rodrik does not really discuss the measures that should be undertaken to maintain an undervalued exchange rate, and whether it is likely that a country that pursues undervaluation as a growth strategy should be able to maintain persistent undervaluation. For example, he remarks (as justification for interest in the question of a causal effect of undervaluation on growth) that "one of the key findings of the open-economy macro literature is that nominal exchange rates and real exchange rates move quite closely together." But while this is true, and while it is widely interpreted as indicating that monetary policy can affect real exchange rates (since it can obviously move nominal rates), it hardly follows that monetary policy alone can maintain a weak real exchange rate for long enough to serve as part of a long-run growth strategy. Indeed, conventional theoretical models with short-run price stickiness, that are perfectly consistent with the observed short-run effects of monetary policy on real exchange rates, imply that monetary policy should not have long-run effects on real exchange rates. Rodrik also cites evidence showing that sterilized interventions in the foreign-exchange market can affect real exchange rates. But economic theory suggests that interventions not associated with any change in current or subsequent monetary policy should have even more transitory effects. And the experiences of countries that have sought to use devaluation to boost economic growth have often found that the real exchange rate effect of a nominal devaluation is not long-lasting. Nonetheless, the point of the paper is to provide evidence that undervaluation favors growth, on the assumption that policies to maintain undervaluation are available, and it is that central contention that I shall examine here. I find the evidence less persuasive than the paper suggests, for two reasons. First, I believe that the paper exaggerates the strength and robustness of the association between the real exchange rate and growth in the cross-country evidence. And second, even granting the existence of such a correlation, a causal effect of real exchange rates on growth is hardly the only possible interpretation.
3D simulations of TRAPPIST-1e with varied incident UV produce degenerate O3 transmission spectra features
Creators: name: Cooke, Greg
name: Marsh, Dan
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Youngblood, Allison
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Exoplanets
Exoplanet atmospheres
Transmission spectra
Ozone
3D chemistry-climate modelling

description: TRAPPIST-1e is a potentially habitable terrestrial exoplanet orbiting an ultra-cool M Dwarf star and a key target for observations with JWST. One-dimensional photochemical modelling of terrestrial planetary atmospheres has shown the importance of the incoming stellar UV flux in modulating the concentration of chemical species, such as O3 and H2O. Three-dimensional (3D) modelling has demonstrated anisotropy in chemical abundances due to transport in tidally locked exoplanet simulations. We use WACCM6, a 3D Earth System Model, to investigate how uncertainties in the incident UV flux, combined with transport, affect observational predictions for TRAPPIST-1e, assuming an initial Earth-like atmospheric composition. We use two semi-empirical stellar spectra for TRAPPIST-1 from the literature. The photochemically produced total O3 columns differ by a factor of 24 between the simulations, with the depth of O3 spectral features in transmission spectra leading to degenerate states (e.g. overlap with scenarios that assume alternative O2 concentrations) when interpreting the observations. Without the direct detection of O2, additional context for determining the oxygenation state of the atmosphere may be gained from future missions that can better characterise the UV spectra of faint stars, or sensitive multi-wavelength observations that span the visible and infrared regions.
Agent-Based Distributed Learning Applied to Fraud Detection
Creators: name: Prodromidis, Andreas L.
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Computer science
Credit card fraud
Law enforcement--Technological innovations
Algorithms
Machine learning

description: Inductive learning and classification techniques have been applied in many problems in diverse areas. In this paper we describe an AI-based approach that combines inductive learning algorithms and meta-learning methods as a means to compute accurate classification models for detecting electronic fraud. Inductive learning algorithms are used to compute detectors of anomalous or errant behavior over inherently distributed data sets and meta-learning methods integrate their collective knowledge into higher level classification models or "meta-classifiers". By supporting the exchange of models or "classifier agents" among data sites, our approach facilitates the cooperation between financial organizations and provides unified and cross-institution protection mechanisms against fraudulent transactions. Through experiments performed on actual credit card transaction data supplied by two different financial institutions, we evaluate this approach and we demonstrate its utility.
Antibunched Emission of Photon-Pairs via Quantum Zeno Blockade
Creators: name: Huang, Yu-Ping
name: Kumar, Prem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new methodology, namely "quantum Zeno blockade," for managing light scattering at a few-photon level in general nonlinear-optical media, such as crystals, fibers, silicon microrings, and atomic vapors. Using this tool, antibunched emission of photon pairs can be achieved, leading to potent quantum-optics applications such as deterministic entanglement generation without the need for heralding. In a practical implementation using an on-chip toroidal microcavity immersed in rubidium vapor, we estimate that high-fidelity entangled photons can be produced on-demand at MHz rates or higher, corresponding to an improvement of $\gtrsim10^7$ times from the state-of-the-art.
description: to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Not the Singapore We Know: The Little India Riot 2013
Creators: name: Sohni Kaur,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
riot
foreign workers
labour strike
labour rights

description: At about 10pm on Sunday, 8 December 2013, Singaporeans watched in shock as the media reported on a violent riot occurring in a popular local ethnic neighbourhood known as “Little India.” It had been more than 40 years since there was a riot in Singapore – the very word conjuring images of violence between ethnic groups leading to deaths and injuries, destruction of property and civil unrest. The horrors of riots in the 1950s and 60s were a persistent warning that had shaped the worldviews and policies of subsequent generations of Singaporeans. And yet, that night, Singaporeans stared in astonishment at video clips and images showing police cars overturned, an ambulance burning, and hundreds of police and other defence personnel deployed in full riot gear being pelted with glass bottles and other objects by an unruly mob. This case examines the economic, social, and policy/governance contexts of the Little India riot. It also discusses the immediate reactions and actions of government and other stakeholders in society, and asks whether and how the authorities might have responded better in the immediate aftermath of the crisis.
A Global City on Singaporean Soil: Growing the Economy, not the Gap
Creators: name: Tan Shin Bin,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
economic sustainability
global city
equality gap

description: Singapore is a small, resource-scarce state without a natural hinterland or a large domestic market to generate sufficient jobs and economic sustainability. Responding to these constrained circumstances, generations of policy-makers formulated and implemented economic strategies to integrate Singapore into the global economic system, and steer it towards becoming a ‘Global City’, in order to achieve long-term survival and prosperity. This case examines how Singapore’s ‘global city’ strategies affected equality outcomes in the country, and seeks to facilitate a discussion about how, or even whether, Singapore’s policy-makers should adjust these long-held strategies to safeguard equality in the country
Preservation and Protection in Dance Licensing: How Choreographers Use Contract to Fill in the Gaps of Copyright and Custom
Creators: name: Sadtler, Shant
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Intellectual property
Choreography and dance
Licenses
License agreements
Law and art

description: Despite gaining copyright protection for their works in 1976, choreographers infrequently register their creations and virtually never sue for infringement. Choreographers' reluctance to assert and enforce their rights stems from the imperfect fit between copyright doctrines and long-held dance community customs, which include rules for licensing dances. Given choreographers' extremely limited funds, the high cost of litigation and the infrequency of conflicts within the dance community, choreographers have little incentive to invoke the remedies of copyright law. Instead, the dance world has used licensing agreements to tailor the default copyright rules to its unique needs and to ensure that its works are preserved with integrity. This Note classifies these licensing agreements into three categories and then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each category for choreographers, licensees and nonchoreography right holders. The analysis reveals how choreographers effectively use the flexibility of contract law to respond to their individual financial circumstances, goals and concerns. Ultimately, contract reconciles custom and copyright by enabling choreographers to realize the economic value of their copyrights while also tailoring those rights to conform to long-held industry customs.
Identifying Finite Mixtures in Econometric Models
Creators: name: Salanie, Bernard
name: Henry, Marc
name: Kitamura, Yuichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics

description: Mixtures of distributions are present in many econometric models, such as models with unobserved heterogeneity. It is thus crucial to have a general approach to identify them nonparametrically. Yet the literature so far only contains isolated examples, applied to specific models. We derive the identifying implications of a conditional independence assumption in finite mixture models. It applies for instance to models with unobserved heterogeneity, regime switching models, and models with mismeasured discrete regressors. Under this assumption, we derive sharp bounds on the mixture weights and components. For models with two mixture components, we show that if in addition the components behave differently in the tails of their distributions, then components and weights are fully nonparametrically identified. We apply our findings to the nonparametric identification and estimation of outcome distributions with a misclassified binary regressor. This provides a simple estimator that does not require instrumental variables, auxiliary data, symmetric error distributions or other shape restrictions.
Multiple Schrödinger pictures and dynamics in shortcuts to adiabaticity
Creators: name: Ibáñez, S.
name: Chen, Xi
name: Torrontegui, E.
name: Ruschhaupt, A.
name: Muga, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Schrödinger equation may be transformed by unitary operators into dynamical equations in different interaction pictures which share with it a common physical frame, i.e., the same underlying interactions, processes and dynamics. In contrast to this standard scenario, other relations are also possible, such as a common interaction-picture dynamical equation corresponding to several Schrödinger equations that represent different physics. This may enable us to design alternative and feasible experimental routes for operations that are a priori difficult or impossible to perform. The power of this concept is exemplified by engineering Hamiltonians that improve the performance or make realizable several shortcuts to adiabaticity.
The Practical Difficulties of Implementing Collective Management Schemes
Creators: name: Armstrong, Tracey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Copyright clearinghouses
Intellectual property
Conference papers and proceedings

description: Copyright Clearance Center ("CCC") has been actively engaged in a variety of collective licensing models in the text publishing industry since it opened its doors on the effective date of the Copyright Act of 1976. The practical difficulties of collective licensing and collective management are legion; CCC has experience with many of them and has managed to avoid many others. This Paper is intended to address only a few in order to provide some context for today's conference.
Inefficiency in Hedge Fund Strategies at Sao Paulo Stock Exchange: A Random Coefficients Modeling Approach
Creators: name: Favero, Luis Paulo Lopes
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics
Hedge funds
Economics--Mathematical models
Stocks--Prices

description: Literature has not reached a consensus on how the firm and industry effects influence the stoic price performance of publicly-traded companies over time. Based on the premise of significant changes in the stock price performance of companies listed on Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) in recent years, and the occurrence of these variations in function of the characteristics of each firm and activity industry, this study uses hierarchical modeling with repeated measures to propose an approach that permits analyzing random effects as an alternative for profitability evolution analysis. Through a sample of 45 companies working in ten industries during an eight-year period (2001-2008), totaling 317 observations, low representativeness of the activity industry is verified to distinguish the mean annual profitability and the growth rates of stock prices among companies listed on Bovespa in recent years.
On Chineseness and the identities of Vancouver's Chinese youth with implications for education
Creators: name: Lee, Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This qualitative study examines the creation of Vancouver’s Chinese youth identities using a cultural studies framework. This thesis moves the thinking about Vancouver’s Chinese youth beyond that of mere victims of racism and views them instead as active desiring agents with interests, ambitions and the power to decide for themselves how to identify. This study also avoids any essentializing assumptions about Chinesesness and illustrates the multiple constructions of Chineseness by Chinese youth. By investigating more complex identifications, the boundaries of what constitutes the category “Vancouver’s Chinese youth” become blurred and a challenge is made to any commonsense notions about Chineseness, Canadianness, and cultural identity generally. In such a way, this study helps to fill a significant gap in the literature on Vancouver’s Chinese youth identities, a literature that focuses primarily on stereotypes, race-relations, and quantitative socio-psychological work. A discourse analysis is performed on two “texts”: a historical novel, The Jade Peony, and a contemporary incident involving the release of controversial Internet video clips by a social club on the University of British Columbia campus. They are analyzed for their representations of Chinese youth identifications using the discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, the work of cultural studies thinkers such as Stuart Hall and Ien Ang and their poststructuralist notions of cultural identity, and the work of queer theorists of colour such as Patrick Johnson and José Esteban Muñoz. The study will show the usefulness of the concept of hybridity and the limitations of the diasporic paradigm that places homeland as “centre.” Chineseness then becomes an open signifier whose meaning is continuously struggled over and dependent on the context of discussion. The study also makes a connection between the complexities of Chinese Canadian identity and debates in antiracism education by showing how antiracism must work with the ambivalences that come from ruptures within Chinese communities. Incidents of conflict within Chinese communities show how antiracism can move beyond a minority/majority or Chinese/White paradigm and consider more productive notions of power and how minorities are capable of social hatreds themselves.
Supplementary document for 3D full-wave multi-scattering forward solver for coherent microscopes - 6297825.pdf
Creators: name: Qin, Yingying
name: Butola, Ankit
name: Agarwal, Krishna
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1: total field, generalization to QPM, focused illumination, dark-field microscopy
Supplementary document for 3D full-wave multi-scattering forward solver for coherent microscopes - 6343684.pdf
Creators: name: Qin, Yingying
name: Butola, Ankit
name: Agarwal, Krishna
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1: total field, generalization to QPM, focused illumination, dark-field microscopy
The role of the gacs gene in the development of pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas chlororaphis small colony variants as a response to environmental stress
Creators: name: Foglia, Ginevra
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 113-120
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Biofilms are the most prevalent form of microbial growth exhibiting phenotypic and physiological changes not observed in planktonic populations. The GacA/S two component regulatory system in Pseudomonas spp. is implicated in the formation of biofilms and the phenotypic changes that occur within them. When the gacS gene encoding the sensor kinase component is non-functional, bacteria demonstrate a decreased capacity for biofilm formation and antimicrobial tolerance. Furthermore, exposure of the mutant strain to stress results in the formation of stable small colony variants (SCV). The study of SCVs yielded data suggesting that their formation may be dependent on the type of stress, which induces their formation. This study involved the generation of numerous SCV s from multiple challenges and their subsequent exposure to antimicrobial agents. The results indicate that SCV s formed under different conditions of stress behave differently from others when exposed to a variety of antimicrobial agents.
Approximate Equalities on Rough Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and an Analysis of Approximate Equalities
Creators: name: Tripathy, B. K.
name: Panda, G. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to involve user knowledge in determining equality of sets, which may not be equal in the mathematical sense, three types of approximate (rough) equalities were introduced by Novotny and Pawlak ([8, 9, 10]). These notions were generalized by Tripathy, Mitra and Ojha ([13]), who introduced the concepts of approximate (rough) equivalences of sets. Rough equivalences capture equality of sets at a higher level than rough equalities. More properties of these concepts were established in [14]. Combining the conditions for the two types of approximate equalities, two more approximate equalities were introduced by Tripathy [12] and a comparative analysis of their relative efficiency was provided. In [15], the four types of approximate equalities were extended by considering rough fuzzy sets instead of only rough sets. In fact the concepts of leveled approximate equalities were introduced and properties were studied. In this paper we proceed further by introducing and studying the approximate equalities based on rough intuitionistic fuzzy sets instead of rough fuzzy sets. That is we introduce the concepts of approximate (rough)equalities of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and study their properties. We provide some real life examples to show the applications of rough equalities of fuzzy sets and rough equalities of intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
Competition and the Collective Management of Copyright
Creators: name: Hemphill, C. Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Copyright
Conference papers and proceedings
Copyright clearinghouses
Intellectual property

description: Discussions of the collective management of copyright tend to celebrate their subject. Much of the work collected in this volume focuses upon the significant economic value created by collective management organizations ("CMOs"), as well as the practical difficulties presented by any realistic effort to unlock that value. I have been assigned a different role to play. My task is to explain one downside of CMOs, namely the risk they pose to competition, and hence the limitations that antitrust law places upon their activities. These limits are familiar to many symposium participants. After all, two of the leading CMOs in the United States, ASCAP and BMI, have operated under an antitrust consent decree for the past sixty years.
Our Singapore Conversation: bridging the great affective divide
Creators: name: Yvonne Guo,
name: Charles Phua,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
public engagement initiatives
public trust

description: In 2012 after having obtained its lowest-ever electoral results in Singapore's history in both parliamentary and presidential elections, and facing an unprecedented outpouring of discontent towards policies such as spiralling property prices and rapid immigration, the Singapore Government was faced with a conundrum: how could it rebuild trust with Singaporeans? This case study examines the background, process and outcomes of Our Singapore Conversation (OSC), situating it in the context of a long history of engagement initiatives in Singapore, as well as recent changes to Singapore’s political climate. What, or where, would the OSC lead to? And how could the OSC committee best design a consultative process that would rebuild trust between government and citizens?
The proper motion of PSR J1550-5418 measured with VLBI: a second magnetar velocity measurement
Creators: name: Deller, A. T.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Reynolds, J. E.
name: Halpern, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation mechanism of neutron stars with extremely large magnetic field strengths (magnetars) remains unclear. Some formation scenarios predict that magnetars should be born with extremely high space velocities, >1000 km/s. Using the Long Baseline Array in Australia, we have measured the proper motion of the intermittently radio-bright magnetar J1550-5418 (1E 1547.0-5408) to be 9.2 +/- 0.6 mas/yr. For a likely distance of 6 +/- 2 kpc, the implied transverse velocity is 280 + 130 - 120 km/s after correcting for Galactic rotation. Along with the ~200 km/s transverse velocity measured for the magnetar XTE J1810-197, this result suggests that formation pathways producing large magnetic fields do not require very large birth kicks.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure in preprint format; ApJL, accepted. Second version includes minor correction to velocity to account for Galactic rotation
Skills, Schools, and Credit Constraints
Creators: name: Goodman, Joshua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics

description: Low college enrollment rates among low income students may stem from credit constraints, low academic skill, low quality schools, or some combination of these. Recent Massachusetts data allow the first use of school district fixed effects in the analysis of credit constraints, leading to four primary findings. First, Massachusetts' low income students have lower intended college enrollment rates than higher income students but also have dramatically lower skills and attend lower quality school districts. Second, inclusion of skill controls greatly reduces but does not eliminate the intended enrollment gap, with low income students seven percentage points less likely to intend enrollment than similarly skilled higher income students. Third, in districts where higher income students are plausibly unconstrained, inclusion of school district fixed effects does little to reduce intended enrollment gaps, with low income students nine percentage points less likely to intend enrollment than similarly skilled higher income students from the same school district. Fourth, low income students in the middle and upper parts of the skill distribution appear the most constrained, particularly with respect to four-year public colleges. State governments could use the methods employed here to identify credit constrained student populations in order to target financial aid more efficiently.
The Dust Properties of Bubble HII Regions as seen by Herschel
Creators: name: Anderson, L. D.
name: Zavagno, A.
name: Deharveng, L.
name: Abergel, A.
name: Motte, F.
name: Andre, Ph.
name: Bernard, J. -P.
name: Bontemps, S.
name: Hennemann, M.
name: Hill, T.
name: Rodon, J. A.
name: Roussel, H.
name: Russeil, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of their relatively simple morphology, "bubble" HII regions have been instrumental to our understanding of star formation triggered by HII regions. With the far-infrared (FIR) spectral coverage of the Herschel satellite, we can access the wavelengths where these regions emit the majority of their energy through their dust emission. At Herschel wavelengths 70 micron to 500 micron, the emission associated with HII regions is dominated by the cool dust in their photodissociation regions (PDRs). We find average dust temperatures of 26K along the PDRs, with little variation between the HII regions in the sample, while local filaments and infrared dark clouds average 19K and 15K respectively. Higher temperatures lead to higher values of the Jeans mass, which may affect future star formation. The mass of the material in the PDR, collected through the expansion of the HII region, is between ~300 and ~10,000 Solar masses for the HII regions studied here. These masses are in rough agreement with the expected masses swept up during the expansion of the \hii\ regions. Approximately 20% of the total FIR emission is from the direction of the bubble central regions. This suggests that we are detecting emission from the "near-side" and "far-side" PDRs along the line of sight and that bubbles are three-dimensional structures. We find only weak support for a relationship between dust temperature and beta, of a form similar to that caused by noise and calibration uncertainties alone.
description: Accepted by A&A. Figure sizes reduced for this version
Bidding with Securities
Creators: name: Che, Yeon-Koo
name: Kim, Jinwoo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: Peter DeMarzo, Ilan Kremer and Andrzej Skrzypacz (2005, henceforth DKS) analyzed auctions in which bidders compete in securities. They show that a steeper security leads to a higher expected revenue for the seller, and also use this to establish the revenue ranking between standard auctions. In this comment, we obtain the opposite results to DKS's by assuming that a higher return requires a higher investment cost. Given this latter assumption, steeper securities are more vulnerable to adverse selection, and may yield lower expected revenue, than flatter ones.
Phase evolution and reactivity of Pr2NiO4+d and Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-d solid oxide cell electrodes
Creators: name: Tsai, Chen-Yu
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Pr2NiO4+δ has been reported to possess a better solid oxide cell air electrode performance than the conventional La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3-δ air electrode. However, Pr2NiO4+δ is not stable and can decompose and even react with the Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ interface layer, located between Pr2NiO4+δ and the zirconia based electrolyte, but the detailed mechanism is unclear. This research has identified the phase evolution of Pr2NiO4+δ and Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ under solid oxide air electrode sintering and operating temperatures in air. For example, praseodymium was observed to diffuse from Pr2NiO4+δ to Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ to form Ce1-x-yGdxPryO2-δ at 1100°C, leaving NiO as a secondary phase. The praseodymium content of Ce1-x-yGdxPryO2-δ depended on the distance of the initial Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ from the interface between Pr2NiO4+δ and Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ. The closer it was, the more praseodymium was incorporated. On the other hand, the unreacted Pr2NiO4+δ decomposed to Pr4Ni3O10-δ and Pr6O11 at 800°C in air. As the aim of the research was to develop an air electrode material which has a reasonable and stable performance operating in the intermediate temperature range of 500-800°C, the resulting products from the previous reactions were chosen, especially Pr4Ni3O10-δ and Ce0.75Gd0.10Pr0.15O2-δ, to form a composite air electrode. The synthesis kinetics, the crystal structure, the oxygen content and the electrical conductivity were first investigated for the Pr4Ni3O10-δ phase. A 50:50 wt.% Pr4Ni3O10-δ and Ce0.75Gd0.10Pr0.15O2-δ composite was demonstrated to provide the best air electrode performance in comparison with all other compositions. Its area specific resistance was even lower than 0.15 Ωcm2 at temperatures greater than 711°C in air. Indeed, the 50:50 wt.% of Pr4Ni3O10-δ-Ce0.75Gd0.10Pr0.15O2-δ composite electrode showed a stable electrode performance in a long term (7 days) test without any apparent degradation. Therefore, Pr4Ni3O10-δ-Ce0.75Gd0.10Pr0.15O2-δ composites are promising air electrode materials which seem to inherit the electrocatalytic activity of Pr2NiO4+δ but are thermodynamically more stable.
Comparative analysis of two formation scenarios of bursty radio emission from ultracool dwarfs
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, A. A.
name: Doyle, J. G.
name: Yu, S.
name: Hallinan, G.
name: Antonova, A.
name: Golden, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a number of ultracool dwarfs have been found to produce periodic radio bursts with high brightness temperature and polarization degree; the emission properties are similar to the auroral radio emissions of the magnetized planets of the Solar System. We simulate the dynamic spectra of radio emission from ultracool dwarfs. The emission is assumed to be generated due to the electron-cyclotron maser instability. We consider two source models: the emission caused by interaction with a satellite and the emission from a narrow sector of active longitudes; the stellar magnetic field is modeled by a tilted dipole. We have found that for the dwarf TVLM 513-46546, the model of the satellite-induced emission is inconsistent with the observations. On the other hand, the model of emission from an active sector is able to reproduce qualitatively the main features of the radio light curves of this dwarf; the magnetic dipole seems to be highly tilted (by about 60 degrees) with respect to the rotation axis.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Party System Institutionalization: The Case of Chile and Why We Need to Un-Pack the Concept and its Measurement
Creators: name: Luna, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Latin Americans
subject: Political parties
subject: Elections

description: The analysis of party voter linkages presented in this paper illustrates the risks of conflating party system stability and programmatic structuring in a one-dimensional concept of party system institutionalization, showing that while electoral volatility has remained low over time, programmatic structuring has weakened and party-voter linkages have significantly mutated. Moreover, the data also suggests that social fragmentation and inequality have enabled parties to combine different linkage-types with constituents, thereby minimizing the sustainability trade-offs identified in Kitschelt's original analytical framework. In conclusion, both conceptual innovation and alternative empirical strategies are needed to better describe and explain the heterogeneous and socially segmented linkage strategies that ambitious politicians are crafting in Latin America in pursuit of a winning electoral coalition.
Analysis of complex contagions in random multiplex networks
Creators: name: Yagan, Osman
name: Gligor, Virgil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the diffusion of influence in random multiplex networks where links can be of $r$ different types, and for a given content (e.g., rumor, product, political view), each link type is associated with a content dependent parameter $c_i$ in $[0,\infty]$ that measures the relative bias type-$i$ links have in spreading this content. In this setting, we propose a linear threshold model of contagion where nodes switch state if their "perceived" proportion of active neighbors exceeds a threshold τ. Namely, a node connected to $m_i$ active neighbors and $k_i-m_i$ inactive neighbors via type-$i$ links will turn active if $\sum{c_i m_i}/\sum{c_i k_i}$ exceeds its threshold τ. Under this model, we obtain the condition, probability and expected size of global spreading events. Our results extend the existing work on complex contagions in several directions by i) providing solutions for coupled random networks whose vertices are neither identical nor disjoint, (ii) highlighting the effect of content on the dynamics of complex contagions, and (iii) showing that content-dependent propagation over a multiplex network leads to a subtle relation between the giant vulnerable component of the graph and the global cascade condition that is not seen in the existing models in the literature.
description: Revised 06/08/12. 11 Pages, 3 figures
Productivity challenges in Singapore Part 2
Creators: name: Hawyee Auyong,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
foreign labour
labour productivity

description: Since 2010, the Singapore government has committed to reduce the rate of growth in foreign labour, and to support economic growth through increases in labour productivity. Singapore’s economic policy challenges today bear little resemblance to the pressing, existential challenges the country faced more than 50 years ago in 1961, where the priority was employment creation. This case explores how Singapore’s challenges in raising labour productivity today could be, to a large extent, the product of economic policy decisions made in the past. Part 2 covers the years 1985 to 1998.
Entangled symmetric states of N qubits with all positive partial transpositions
Creators: name: Augusiak, R.
name: Tura, J.
name: Samsonowicz, J.
name: Lewenstein, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From both theoretical and experimental points of view symmetric states constitute an important class of multipartite states. Still, entanglement properties of these states, in particular those with positive partial transposition (PPT), lack a systematic study. Aiming at filling in this gap, we have recently affirmatively answered the open question of existence of four-qubit entangled symmetric states with positive partial transposition and thoroughly characterized entanglement properties of such states [J. Tura et al., Phys. Rev. A 85, 060302(R) (2012)] With the present contribution we continue on characterizing PPT entangled symmetric states. On the one hand, we present all the results of our previous work in a detailed way. On the other hand, we generalize them to systems consisting of arbitrary number of qubits. In particular, we provide criteria for separability of such states formulated in terms of their ranks. Interestingly, for most of the cases, the symmetric states are either separable or typically separable. Then, edge states in these systems are studied, showing in particular that to characterize generic PPT entangled states with four and five qubits, it is enough to study only those that assume few (respectively, two and three) specific configurations of ranks. Finally, we numerically search for extremal PPT entangled states in such systems consisting of up to 23 qubits. One can clearly notice regularity behind the ranks of such extremal states, and, in particular, for systems composed of odd number of qubits we find a single configuration of ranks for which there are extremal states.
description: 16 pages, typos corrected, some other improvements, extension of arXiv:1203.3711
Productivity challenges in Singapore Part 1
Creators: name: Hawyee Auyong,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
foreign labour
labour productivity

description: Since 2010, the Singapore government has committed to reduce the rate of growth in foreign labour, and to support economic growth through increases in labour productivity. Singapore’s economic policy challenges today bear little resemblance to the pressing, existential challenges the country faced more than 50 years ago in 1961, where the priority was employment creation. This case explores how Singapore’s challenges in raising labour productivity today could be, to a large extent, the product of economic policy decisions made in the past. Part 1 covers the years 1961 to 1985.
Nearly Perfect Fluidity in the Dilute Fermi Gas: An Update
Creators: name: Schaefer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution we summarize recent results on the transport properties of strongly correlated dilute Fermi gases. We discuss the hydrodynamic equations in the normal phase and present new results on the structure of second order terms in the gradient expansion. We also discuss predictions from kinetic theory, and show how these predictions can be tested using experimental data on elliptic flow. We summarize current constraints on the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $η/s$.
description: 5 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the 19th Particles and Nuclei International Conference, PANIC 2011, MIT, Cambridge, MA July 2011
If Mass Digitization Is the Problem, Is Legislation the Solution? Some Practical Considerations Related to Copyright
Creators: name: Wasoff, Lois F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: License agreements
Orphan works (Copyright)
Intellectual property

description: Copyright law is intended to be "technology neutral." Despite that, technological development is clearly putting pressure on certain aspects of copyright. Readily available technological tools make digital copying and distribution simple and seamless. This can make the legal "obstacles" to the full use of those tools resulting from the need to comply with copyright seem inconvenient and archaic. In particular, the issues arising in connection with mass digitization projects, where compliance can require identifying and locating large numbers of copyright owners and seeking appropriate permissions, are complicated. We hear often about the potential benefits that could be derived from mass digitization projects; we hear less often about some of the risks they may create. But the widespread interest in facilitating such projects, at least for certain purposes, is clear. Collective licensing schemes may be one way to accomplish that; targeted exceptions to copyright may be another. Either may require making changes to current copyright law.
Developing a Faculty-Librarian Community of Inquiry: A Blended Learning Approach to Facilitate Information Literacy Education
Creators: name: Melgosa, Annette Alyce
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Library Science
subject: Education
subject: Education--Higher
subject: Education--Technology

description: The purpose of the study was to explore how disciplinary understanding around Information Literacy (IL) might be achieved between faculty members and librarians through the design and implementation of a blended Community of Inquiry (CoI) (Garrison, 2011) Faculty-Librarians CoI Workshop (FacLibCoI) within a social constructivist epistemology. A mixed methods, design-based research (DBR) approach was used to build and test the FacLibCoI prototype and was based on Pool and Laubscher’s (2016) micro/meso iterative-cycle approach to McKenney and Reeves’ (2012) Generic Model for Educational Design Research. An environmental scan of the literature and the university where the study took place comprised phase one of the study. In addition to the review of literature, university reports were reviewed, and focus group interviews were conducted with university faculty members and students. Analysis revealed that faculty viewed research as discovery while students equated it with term papers. Students who had learned IL in general studies writing courses demonstrated good conceptual knowledge but poor implementation skills. Phase Two comprised the design phase. The FacLibCoI was designed to last two months and include three in-person sessions with accompanying asynchronous online discussions. The FacLibCoI workshop was implemented and analyzed in phase three. The design changed to four in-person sessions and two asynchronous discussions. Data included before-and-after participant interviews, transcripts, CoI questionnaires, and group artifacts. All CoI presences and metacognition were achieved in the FacLibCoI. Participants demonstrated group cohesion and disciplinary-based, shared understanding of IL, producing a disciplinary IL Model, IL learning goals mapped to disciplinary and IL standards, and an action plan for IL implementation. A CoI was established in less time than in studies reported in the literature and holds promise for scaling up. The online portion of the design proved unsustainable, and technology platforms and busy schedules were negative factors. Online collaboration between librarians and faculty may prove successful during a later departmental IL implementation phase. This phase should be considered in future iterations. Consulting participants on selection of a technological platform is advised.
Supplementary document for Waveguide-integrated silicon T centres - 6368438.pdf
Creators: name: Simmons, Stephanie
name: DeAbreu, Adam
name: Bowness, Camille
name: AlizadehKhaledi, Amirhossein
name: Chartrand, Camille
name: Brunelle, Nicholas
name: MacQuarrie, Evan
name: Lee-Hone, Nicholas
name: Ruether, Myles
name: Kazemi, Moein
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary information document
The Elephant in the Room: The Lived Experience of Talking to Children with ASD about their Diagnosis
Creators: name: Smith-Demers, Amanda D.
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Autism Spectrum Disorder
subject: decision-making
subject: Diagnosis
subject: disclosure
subject: non-disclosure
subject: parents
subject: Educational Psychology

description: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder encompassing a wide variety of cognitive, communicative, behavioural and social abilities. Given the increasing prevalence of ASD, both clinicians and researchers are increasingly required to provide enhanced supportive services throughout the entirety of the diagnostic process. While many researchers have investigated parental experiences surrounding assessment and diagnosis of ASD, the relative oversight of diagnosis disclosure to children is surprising. As such, the current study focused on the lived experience of parents as they explored their decision-making process about whether to, and if so how and when to inform children about their ASD diagnosis. This decision-making process was explored through the use of semi-structured interviews conducted with both parents who had disclosed (n = 20) and parents who had not disclosed (n = 20) an ASD diagnosis to their child. This study initially set out to compare and distinguish differences between participant groups; however, much of the process revealed by both groups could only be differentiated by where these groups were situated on the timeline of disclosure. Consistent with previous research, results revealed that disclosure is often a gradual process that changes and develops over time. While many reflections and themes were highlighted by parents, the process of considering disclosure and/or disclosing to a child was seen as a unique and situational experience for each family and child; thus, emphasizing the complexity of the disclosure process and the consideration of unique factors specific to each family. In sum, many parents underscored the benefits and importance of disclosure, while also highlighting the experience of fear and wonder throughout the decision-making process. Research and clinical implications of the findings are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
Base Pair Openings and Temperature Dependence of DNA Flexibility
Creators: name: Theodorakopoulos, Nikos
name: Peyrard, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The relationship of base pair openings to DNA flexibility is examined. Published experimental data on the temperature dependence of the persistence length by two different groups are well described in terms of an inhomogeneous Kratky-Porot model with soft and hard joints, corresponding to open and closed base pairs, and sequence-dependent statistical information about the state of each pair provided by a Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois (PBD) model calculation with no freely adjustable parameters.
Peace in Colombia: Can the European Union and the US Collaborate
Creators: name: Castaneda, Dorly
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics
International relations
Peace
Cooperation

description: This paper first provides a short description of the internationalisation of the Colombian conflict, then focuses on the two main international actors for peace of war: the USA and the EU. Their positions on Colombia will be compared by first highlighting the differences in their actions and the clear divisions the professed during the last Peace Process with the guerrillas. Then the analysis focuses on the cautious beginnings of collaboration and the possibilities of working together for peace in Colombia in light of a new US government.