Sporolithon yoneshigueae Bahia, Amado-Filho, Maneveldt & W. H. Adey 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Bahia, Ricardo G.
name: Amado-Filho, Gilberto M.
name: Maneveldt, Gavin W.
name: Adey, Walter H.
name: Johnson, Gabriel
name: Jesionek, Michel B.
name: Longo, Leila L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Rhodophyta
Florideophyceae
Corallinales
Sporolithaceae
Sporolithon
Sporolithon yoneshigueae

description: Sporolithon yoneshigueae Bahia, Amado-Filho, Maneveldt & W.H.Adey, sp. nov. (Figs. 2–13)
Etymology: " yoneshigueae " in honor of Brazilian phycologist Dr. Yocie Yoneshigue-Valentin for her invaluable contributions to the marine sciences.
Diagnosis: With the characteristics of the genus Sporolithon; differing from all other species by tetrasporangial compartments that characteristically have larger pore diameters (≥ 35 μm) and consequently have greater numbers of rosette cells surrounding the tetrasporangial compartment pores (≥ 19).
Holotype: Brazil, Bahia, Plataforma Continental de Abrolhos, 17º48`35``S; 38º11`03``W, 28 m depth, GM Amado Filho, 23.x.2008. The holotype here selected is deposited at Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB 569425).
Isotypes: two isotype specimens have been selected (RB 569426, RB 569427).
Paratypes: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Cadeia Vitória-Trindade, Banco Jaseur, 20°29'17'' S; 30°06'07'' W, 66 m depth (GM Amado Filho, 12.iii.2009, RB 505770, RB 569466, RB 569468); Brazil, Espírito Santo, Cadeia Vitória-Trindade, Banco Davis, 20°34'42'' S, 34°46'12'' W, 57 m depth (GM Amado Filho, 14.ii.2011, RB 569467); Brazil, Bahia, Plataforma Continental de Abrolhos, 17º54`01``S; 37º54`56``W, 52 m depth (GM Amado Filho, 11.iii.2012, RB 570782). Brazil, Bahia, Plataforma Continental de Abrolhos, 17º48`35``S; 38º11`03``W, 28 m depth (DS Cajueiro Filho, 27.x.2013, RB 600359, RB 600360, RB 600362).
Distribution: Southeastern Brazil: Vitória-Trindade Chain and Espírito Santo State; northeastern Brazil: Abrolhos Bank (Fig. 1).
Representative specimens examined: In addition to the type specimens designated above, the following specimens were also examined: Espírito Santo State, Brazil (19º37`S; 39º27W, 46–77 m depth, NY Tomita, date unknown, SP 138576, as Sporolithon mediterraneum, slides only); Espírito Santo State, Brazil (20º10`S; 40 º02`W, 60 m depth, NY Tomita, date unknown, SP 114638, SP 114641, SP 114642, as Sporolithon mediterraneum, slides only).
Morphological/Anatomical Analysis
Habit: Thalli non-geniculate, free-living and forming rhodoliths of up to 15 cm in diameter (Figs. 2–3) produced by successive, multiple overgrowing thalli. Crusts firmly adherent and when freshly collected, living thalli are pink to deep purple in colour. Thalli measure 1000–2500 μm thick and are warty to lumpy to fruticose (Figs. 2–3). Thalli bear numerous irregularly shaped protuberances that measure 2–15 mm in length and 2–13 mm in diameter (Figs. 2–3).
Vegetative anatomy: Thalli dorsiventral, monomerous; haustoria absent (Fig. 4). Hypothallus plumose (noncoaxial), comprising 5–13 layers of cells. Hypothallial cells predominantly cylindrical, 10–30 μm in length by 5–15 μm in diameter. Perithallial cells squat to square to rectangular, 5–25 μm in length by 4–15 μm in diameter (Figs. 4–5). Cells of contiguous filaments joined by both cell fusions and secondary pit connections (Fig. 6); cell fusions predominate by a ratio of 2–3:1. Subepithallial initials squat to square, 6–8 μm in length by 12–15 μm in diameter, typically as long as their immediate inward derivatives (Fig. 5). Epithallial cells occurring in a single layer, flattened and flared (Fig. 5), 2–4 μm in length by 5–8 μm in diameter.
Reproductive anatomy: Gametangial plants not observed.
Tetrasporangia occurring individually in calcified compartments that are aggregated in superficial sori. Sori raised 5–8 cells above the surrounding vegetative thallus (Figs. 7–13) and located predominantly at the tips of protuberances (Fig. 7). Tetrasporangial compartments elliptical to rounded, 140–210 μm in height and 70–130 μm in diameter, separated from one another by 1–11 paraphyses composed of 5–8 elongate cells (Fig. 11). Individual compartments formed on a distinct basal layer of elongate cells (Figs. 10–13). Compartment pores are large, 35–43 μm in diameter and surrounded by 19–24 rosette cells (Figs. 7–9) that are partly occluded by a mucilage ring around the pore opening (Figs. 8–9). Tetrasporangia cruciately divided, 90–140 μm in length by 80–100 μm in diameter (Figs. 12–13). Tetrasporangia bear apical pore plugs and are subtended by a single stalk cell measuring 20–40 μm in length by 25–50 μm in diameter (Figs. 12–13). Entire senescent tetrasporangial sori become buried in distinct layers in the thallus by overgrowing vegetative tissue (Fig. 10)
description: Published as part of Bahia, Ricardo G., Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Maneveldt, Gavin W., Adey, Walter H., Johnson, Gabriel, Jesionek, Michel B. & Longo, Leila L., 2015, Sporolithon yoneshigueae sp. nov. (Sporolithales, Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta), a new rhodolith-forming coralline alga from the southwest Atlantic, pp. 140-158 in Phytotaxa 224 (2) on pages 145-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13636788