cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Impact of AI in Physics Education: A Comprehensive Review from GCSE to University Levels
Creators: name: Yeadon, Will
name: Hardy, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI), its potential implications for higher education have become a focal point of interest. This study delves into the capabilities of AI in Physics Education and offers actionable AI policy recommendations. Using a Large Language Model (LLM), we assessed its ability to answer 1337 Physics exam questions spanning GCSE, A-Level, and Introductory University curricula. We employed various AI prompting techniques: Zero Shot, In Context Learning, and Confirmatory Checking, which merges Chain of Thought reasoning with Reflection. The AI's proficiency varied across academic levels: it scored an average of 83.4% on GCSE, 63.8% on A-Level, and 37.4% on university-level questions, with an overall average of 59.9% using the most effective prompting technique. In a separate test, the LLM's accuracy on 5000 mathematical operations was found to decrease as the number of digits increased. Furthermore, when evaluated as a marking tool, the LLM's concordance with human markers averaged at 50.8%, with notable inaccuracies in marking straightforward questions, like multiple-choice. Given these results, our recommendations underscore caution: while current LLMs can consistently perform well on Physics questions at earlier educational stages, their efficacy diminishes with advanced content and complex calculations. LLM outputs often showcase novel methods not in the syllabus, excessive verbosity, and miscalculations in basic arithmetic. This suggests that at university, there's no substantial threat from LLMs for non-invigilated Physics questions. However, given the LLMs' considerable proficiency in writing Physics essays and coding abilities, non-invigilated examinations of these skills in Physics are highly vulnerable to automated completion by LLMs. This vulnerability also extends to Physics questions pitched at lower academic levels.
description: 22 pages, 10 Figures, 2 Tables
Optimizing spectroscopic follow-up strategies for supernova photometric classification with active learning
Creators: name: Ishida, E. E. O.
name: Beck, R.
name: Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.
name: de Souza, R. S.
name: Krone-Martins, A.
name: Barrett, J. W.
name: Kennamer, N.
name: Vilalta, R.
name: Burgess, J. M.
name: Quint, B.
name: Vitorelli, A. Z.
name: Mahabal, A.
name: Gangler, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a framework for spectroscopic follow-up design for optimizing supernova photometric classification. The strategy accounts for the unavoidable mismatch between spectroscopic and photometric samples, and can be used even in the beginning of a new survey -- without any initial training set. The framework falls under the umbrella of active learning (AL), a class of algorithms that aims to minimize labelling costs by identifying a few, carefully chosen, objects which have high potential in improving the classifier predictions. As a proof of concept, we use the simulated data released after the Supernova Photometric Classification Challenge (SNPCC) and a random forest classifier. Our results show that, using only 12\% the number of training objects in the SNPCC spectroscopic sample, this approach is able to double purity results. Moreover, in order to take into account multiple spectroscopic observations in the same night, we propose a semi-supervised batch-mode AL algorithm which selects a set of $N=5$ most informative objects at each night. In comparison with the initial state using the traditional approach, our method achieves 2.3 times higher purity and comparable figure of merit results after only 180 days of observation, or 800 queries (73% of the SNPCC spectroscopic sample size). Such results were obtained using the same amount of spectroscopic time necessary to observe the original SNPCC spectroscopic sample, showing that this type of strategy is feasible with current available spectroscopic resources. The code used in this work is available in the COINtoolbox: https://github.com/COINtoolbox/ActSNClass .
description: 18 pages, 15 figures - replace to match journal version
Additional file 1: of Systematic development of CHEMO-SUPPORT, a nursing intervention to support adult patients with cancer in dealing with chemotherapy-related symptoms at home
Creators: name: Coolbrandt, Annemarie
name: Wildiers, Hans
name: Aertgeerts, Bert
name: CasterlĂŠ, Bernadette Dierckx De
name: Achterberg, Theo Van
name: Milisen, Koen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: File presents evidence and opinions supporting decision-making throughouth the Intervention Mapping stages, from needs assessment to final CHEMO-SUPPORT intervention. (DOCX 98 kb)
Stellar explosions powered by the Blandford-Znajek mechanism
Creators: name: Barkov, M. V.
name: Komissarov, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we briefly describe the first results of our numerical study on the possibility of magnetic origin of relativistic jets of long duration gamma ray bursters within the collapsar scenario. We track the collapse of massive rotating stars onto a rotating central black hole using axisymmetric general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code that utilizes a realistic equation of state of stellar matter, takes into account the cooling associated with emission of neutrinos, and the energy losses due to dissociation of nuclei. The neutrino heating is not included. We describe the solution for one particular model where the progenitor star has magnetic field $B=10^{10}$G. The solution exhibits strong explosion driven by the Poynting-dominated jets whose power exceeds $2\times10^{51} {erg/s}$. The jets originate mainly from the black hole and they are powered via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. The full details of the simulations together with the results of parameter study will be presented elsewhere. A number of simulation movies can be downloaded from http://www.maths.leeds.ac.uk/~serguei/research/movies/anim.html
description: minor revision, accepted by MNRAS Letters, simulation movies can be downloaded from http://www.maths.leeds.ac.uk/~serguei/research/movies/anim.html
Kubo formula for dc conductivity: generalization to systems with spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Ado, I. A.
name: Titov, M.
name: Duine, Rembert A.
name: Brataas, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revise the Kubo formula for the electric dc conductivity in the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We discover that each velocity operator that enters this formula differs from $\partial H/\partial \boldsymbol p$, where $H$ is the Hamiltonian and $\boldsymbol p$ is the canonical momentum. Moreover, we find an additional contribution to the Hall dc conductivity from noncommuting coordinates that is missing in the conventional Kubo-Streda formula. This contribution originates from the "electron-positron" matrix elements of the velocity and position operators. We argue that the widely used Rashba model does in fact provide a finite anomalous Hall dc conductivity in the metallic regime (in the noncrossing approximation) if SOC-corrections to the velocity and position operators are properly taken into account. While we focus on the response of the charge current to the electric field, linear response theories of other SOC-related effects should be modified similarly.
description: 7 pages
Chaotic oscillations in a map-based model of neural activity
Creators: name: Courbage, Maurice
name: Nekorkin, V. I.
name: Vdovin, L. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a discrete time dynamical system (a map) as phenomenological model of excitable and spiking-bursting neurons. The model is a discontinuous two-dimensional map. We find condition under which this map has an invariant region on the phase plane, containing chaotic attractor. This attractor creates chaotic spiking-bursting oscillations of the model. We also show various regimes of other neural activities (subthreshold oscillations, phasic spiking etc.) derived from the proposed model.
Spontaneous CP-Violation in the Extended Standard Models
Creators: name: Lin, Chilong
name: Lee, Chien-er
name: Yang, Yeou-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spontaneous CP-violation in three kinds of extension of the standard model are investigated. We find that if no additional symmetry is introduced to reduce the number of coefficients, then all three extended models possess the spontaneous CP violation (SCPV) in the Higgs potential. When symmetry under which the doublets transform as $Φ_1 \to Φ_1$ and $Φ_2 \to e^{iγ}Φ_2$ is introduced, the two-Higgs doublet model will lose its SCPV terms. In the other two extended models, the SCPV terms will be preserved since both models contain at least one Higgs singlet which can appear in odd powers. The extended model with two doublets and one singlet is reviewed and the general conditions which make the CP-violating $V_{min}$ the true minimum are given. The generally called natural flavour-conserving models are also discussed briefly.
description: 14 pages, NCKU-HEP/93-06
Correlations of Baryon and Charge Stopping in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Lv, Wendi
name: Li, Yang
name: Li, Ziyang
name: Ma, Rongrong
name: Tang, Zebo
name: Tribedy, Prithwish
name: Tsang, Chun Yuen
name: Xu, Zhangbu
name: Zha, Wangmei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baryon numbers are carried by valence quarks in the standard QCD picture of the baryon structure, while some theory proposed an alternative baryon number carrier, a non-perturbative Y-shaped configuration of the gluon field, called the baryon junction in the 1970s. However, neither of the theories has been verified experimentally. It was recently suggested to search for the baryon junction by investigating the correlation of net-charge and net-baryon yields at midrapidity in heavy-ion collisions. This paper presents studies of such correlations in collisions of various heavy ions from Oxygen to Uranium with the UrQMD Monte Carlo model. The UrQMD model implements valence quark transport as the primary means of charge and baryon stopping at midrapidity. Detailed study are also carried out for isobaric $_{40}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ + $_{40}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ and $_{44}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ + $_{44}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ collisions. We found a universal trend of the charge stopping with respect to the baryon stopping, and that the charge stopping is always more than the baryon stopping. This study provides a model baseline in valence quark transport for what is expected in net-charge and net-baryon yields at midrapidity of relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Detailed Studies of Pixelated CZT Detectors Grown with the Modified Horizontal Bridgman Method
Creators: name: Jung, I.
name: Krawczynski, H.
name: Burger, A.
name: Guo, M.
name: Groza, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detector material Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT), known for its high resolution over a broad energy range, is produced mainly by two methods: the Modified High-Pressure Bridgman (MHB) and the High-Pressure Bridgman (HPB) process. This study is based on MHB CZT substrates from the company Orbotech Medical Solutions Ltd. with a detector size of 2.0x2.0x0.5 cm^3, 8x8 pixels and a pitch of 2.46 mm. Former studies have emphasized only on the cathode material showing that high-work-function improve the energy resolution at lower energies. Therfore, we studied the influence of the anode material while keeping the cathode material constant. We used four different materials: Indium, Titanium, Chromium and Gold with work-functions between 4.1 eV and 5.1 eV. The low work-function materials Indium and Titanium achieved the best performance with energy resolutions: 2.0 keV (at 59 keV) and 1.9 keV (at 122 keV) for Titanium; 2.1 keV (at 59 keV) and 2.9 keV (at 122 keV) for Indium. These detectors are very competitive compared with the more expensive ones based on HPB material if one takes the large pixel pitch of 2.46 mm into account. We present a detailed comparison of our detector response with 3-D simulations, from which we determined the mobility-lifetime-products for electrons and holes. Finally, we evaluated the temperature dependency of the detector performance and mobility-lifetime-products, which is important for many applications. With decreasing temperature down to -30C the breakdown voltage increases and the electron mobility-lifetime-product decreases by about 30% over a range from 20C to -30C. This causes the energy resolution to deteriorate, but the concomitantly increasing breakdown voltage makes it possible to increase the applied bias voltage and restore the full performance.
description: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics, 25 pages, 13 figures
Additional file 1: of Carbohydrate status in patients with phenylketonuria
Creators: name: Couce, María
name: Sánchez-Pintos, Paula
name: Vitoria, Isidro
name: María-José De Castro
name: Aldámiz-Echevarría, Luís
name: Correcher, Patricia
name: Fernández-Marmiesse, Ana
name: Roca, Iria
name: Hermida, Alvaro
name: Martínez-Olmos, Miguel
name: Rosaura Leis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Clinical and basal biochemical characteristics of each patient with hyperphenylalaninemia. (DOCX 48 kb)
Probing neutron star interiors with pulsar glitches
Creators: name: Haskell, Brynmor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar glitches are thought to be probes of the superfluid interior of neutron stars. These sudden jumps in frequency observed in many pulsars are generally assumed to be the macroscopic manifestation of superfluid vortex motion on a microscopic scale. Resolving and modelling such phenomena on the scale of a neutron star is, however, a challenging problem which still remains open, fifty years after the discovery of pulsars. In this article I will review recent theoretical progress, both on the microscopic level and on the macroscopic level, and discuss which constraints on the models can be provided by observations.
description: 6 pages - Proceedings of IAU Symposium 337, Pulsar Astrophysics - The Next 50 Years
Phase field simulations of coupled phase transformations in ferroelastic-ferroelastic nanocomposites
Creators: name: Bouville, Mathieu
name: Ahluwalia, Rajeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use phase field simulations to study composites made of two different ferroelastics (e.g., two types of martensite). The deformation of one material due to a phase transformation can elastically affect the other constituent and induce it to transform as well. We show that the phase transformation can then occur above its normal critical temperature and even higher above this temperature in nanocomposites than in bulk composites. Microstructures depend on temperature, on the thickness of the layers, and on the crystal structure of the two constituents -- certain nanocomposites exhibit a great diversity of microstructures not found in bulk composites. Also, the periodicity of the martensite twins may vary over 1 order of magnitude based on geometry. keywords: Ginzburg-Landau, martensitic transformation, multi-ferroics, nanostructure, shape-memory alloy
description: 8 pages, 15 figures
Edge Attention-based Multi-Relational Graph Convolutional Networks
Creators: name: Shang, Chao
name: Liu, Qinqing
name: Chen, Ko-Shin
name: Sun, Jiangwen
name: Lu, Jin
name: Yi, Jinfeng
name: Bi, Jinbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph convolutional network (GCN) is generalization of convolutional neural network (CNN) to work with arbitrarily structured graphs. A binary adjacency matrix is commonly used in training a GCN. Recently, the attention mechanism allows the network to learn a dynamic and adaptive aggregation of the neighborhood. We propose a new GCN model on the graphs where edges are characterized in multiple views or precisely in terms of multiple relationships. For instance, in chemical graph theory, compound structures are often represented by the hydrogen-depleted molecular graph where nodes correspond to atoms and edges correspond to chemical bonds. Multiple attributes can be important to characterize chemical bonds, such as atom pair (the types of atoms that a bond connects), aromaticity, and whether a bond is in a ring. The different attributes lead to different graph representations for the same molecule. There is growing interests in both chemistry and machine learning fields to directly learn molecular properties of compounds from the molecular graph, instead of from fingerprints predefined by chemists. The proposed GCN model, which we call edge attention-based multi-relational GCN (EAGCN), jointly learns attention weights and node features in graph convolution. For each bond attribute, a real-valued attention matrix is used to replace the binary adjacency matrix. By designing a dictionary for the edge attention, and forming the attention matrix of each molecule by looking up the dictionary, the EAGCN exploits correspondence between bonds in different molecules. The prediction of compound properties is based on the aggregated node features, which is independent of the varying molecule (graph) size. We demonstrate the efficacy of the EAGCN on multiple chemical datasets: Tox21, HIV, Freesolv, and Lipophilicity, and interpret the resultant attention weights.
description: Haven't meet my expectations
Additional file 1 of Molecular profiling of basal cell carcinomas in young patients
Creators: name: Abi Karam, Marc
name: Kourie, Hampig Raphael
name: Jalkh, Nadine
name: Mehawej, Cybel
name: Kesrouani, Carole
name: Haddad, Fady Gh
name: Feghaly, Iman
name: Chouery, Eliane
name: Tomb, Roland
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Somatic tumor genes panel.
PSMA PET/CT as a predictive tool for sub-regional importance estimates in the parotid gland
Creators: name: Sample, Caleb
name: Rahmim, Arman
name: Bénard, François
name: Wu, Jonn
name: Clark, Haley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Xerostomia and radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction remain a common side effect for head-and-neck radiotherapy patients, and attempts have been made to quantify the heterogeneous dose response within parotid glands. Here several models of parotid gland subregional importance are compared with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) uptake. PSMA ligands show high concentrations in salivary glands, whose uptake has been previously found to relate to gland functionality. We develop a predictive model for relative importance estimates using PSMA PET and CT radiomic features, and demonstrate a methodology for predicting patient-specific importance deviations from the population. Intra-parotid gland uptake was compared with four regional importance models using 30 [18F]DCFPyL PSMA PET images. A radiomics-based predictive model of population importance was developed using a double cross-validation methodology. Population importance estimates were supplemented using patient-specific radiomic features. Anticorrelative relationships were found to exist between PSMA PET uptake and four independent models of subregional parotid gland importance from the literature. Kernel Ridge Regression with principal component analysis feature selection performed best over test sets (MAE = 0.08), with GLCM features being particularly important. Deblurring PSMA PET images strengthened correlations and improved model performance. This study suggests that regions of relatively low PSMA PET concentration in parotid glands may exhibit relatively high dose-sensitivity. We've demonstrated the utility of PSMA PET radiomic features for predicting relative importance within the parotid glands. PSMA PET appears promising for analyzing salivary gland functionality.
description: 9 Figures, 7 Tables
Additional file 1: of Remote ischemic preconditioning for cardioprotection in elective inpatient abdominal surgery â a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Antonowicz, Stefan
name: Cavallaro, Davina
name: Jacques, Nicola
name: Brown, Abby
name: Wiggins, Tom
name: Haddow, James
name: Kapila, Atul
name: Coull, Dominic
name: Walden, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Study definitions. (DOCX 34 kb)
Feynman Rules in the Type III Natural Flavour-Conserving Two-Higgs Doublet Model
Creators: name: Lin, Chilong
name: Lee, Chien-er
name: Yang, Yeou-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two Higgs-doublet model with $S_3$ symmetry, which implies a $π\over 2$ rather than 0 relative phase between the vacuum expectation values $$ and $$. The corresponding Feynman rules are derived accordingly and the transformation of the Higgs fields from the weak to the mass eigenstates includes not only an angle rotation but also a phase transformation. In this model, both doublets couple to the same type of fermions and the flavour-changing neutral currents are naturally suppressed. We also demonstrate that the Type III natural flavour-conserving model is valid at tree-level even when an explicit $S_3$ symmetry breaking perturbation is introduced to get a reasonable CKM matrix. In the special case $β= α$, as the ratio $\tanβ= {v_2 \over v_1}$ runs from 0 to $\infty$, the dominant Yukawa coupling will change from the first two generations to the third generation. In the Feynman rules, we also find that the charged Higgs currents are explicitly left-right asymmetric. The ratios between the left- and right-handed currents for the quarks in the same generations are estimated.
description: 16 pages (figures not included), NCKU-HEP/93-11
A new test of gravity -- II: Application of marked correlation functions to luminous red galaxy samples
Creators: name: Armijo, Joaquin
name: Baugh, Carlton M.
name: Norberg, Peder
name: Padilla, Nelson D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the marked correlation function test proposed by Armijo et al. (Paper I) to samples of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from the final data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) III. The test assigns a density-dependent mark to galaxies in the estimation of the projected marked correlation function. Two gravity models are compared: general relativity (GR) and $f(R)$ gravity. We build mock catalogues which, by construction, reproduce the measured galaxy number density and two-point correlation function of the LRG samples, using the halo occupation distribution model (HOD). A range of HOD models give acceptable fits to the observational constraints, and this uncertainty is fed through to the error in the predicted marked correlation functions. The uncertainty from the HOD modelling is comparable to the sample variance for the SDSS-III LRG samples. Our analysis shows that current galaxy catalogues are too small for the test to distinguish a popular $f(R)$ model from GR. However, upcoming surveys with a better measured galaxy number density and smaller errors on the two-point correlation function, or a better understanding of galaxy formation, may allow our method to distinguish between viable gravity models.
description: 7 pages, 4 Figures. Published by the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society journal
Nonparametric Estimation of Low Rank Matrix Valued Function
Creators: name: Zhou, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 62G05, 62G08, secondary 62H12

description: Let $A:[0,1]\rightarrow\mathbb{H}_m$ (the space of Hermitian matrices) be a matrix valued function which is low rank with entries in Hölder class $Σ(β,L)$. The goal of this paper is to study statistical estimation of $A$ based on the regression model $\mathbb{E}(Y_j|τ_j,X_j) = \langle A(τ_j), X_j \rangle,$ where $τ_j$ are i.i.d. uniformly distributed in $[0,1]$, $X_j$ are i.i.d. matrix completion sampling matrices, $Y_j$ are independent bounded responses. We propose an innovative nuclear norm penalized local polynomial estimator and establish an upper bound on its point-wise risk measured by Frobenius norm. Then we extend this estimator globally and prove an upper bound on its integrated risk measured by $L_2$-norm. We also propose another new estimator based on bias-reducing kernels to study the case when $A$ is not necessarily low rank and establish an upper bound on its risk measured by $L_{\infty}$-norm. We show that the obtained rates are all optimal up to some logarithmic factor in minimax sense. Finally, we propose an adaptive estimation procedure based on Lepskii's method and model selection with data splitting which is computationally efficient and can be easily implemented and parallelized.
Additional file 9: of Analysis of novel caudal hindbrain genes reveals different regulatory logic for gene expression in rhombomere 4 versus 5/6 in embryonic zebrafish
Creators: name: Priyanjali Ghosh
name: Maurer, Jennifer
name: Sagerstrรถm, Charles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Data S1. Amino acid sequences of wildtype and mutant gas6 alleles. Amino acid sequences of four mutant gas6 alleles (um296, um297, um298, um299) aligned to the wildtype sequence shows that all four mutant alleles code for a premature stop codon after 96 amino acids. (DOCX 18 kb)
Pioneer Anomaly: Evaluating Newly Recovered Data
Creators: name: Toth, Viktor T.
name: Turyshev, Slava G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. However, their radio-metric tracking data received from the distances between 20--70 astronomical units from the Sun consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue frequency shift that can be interpreted as a sunward acceleration of a_P = (8.74 +/- 1.33) x 10^(-10) m/s^2 for each particular spacecraft. This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained. New Pioneer 10 and 11 radio-metric Doppler data recently became available. The much extended set of Pioneer Doppler data is the primary source for new upcoming investigation of the anomaly. We also have almost entire records of flight telemetry files received from the the Pioneers. Together with original project documentation and newly developed software tools, this additional information is now used to reconstruct the engineering history of both spacecraft. To that extent, a thermal model of the Pioneer vehicles is being developed to study possible contribution of thermal recoil force acting on the two spacecraft. In addition, to improve the accuracy of orbital reconstruction, we developed a new approach that uses actual flight telemetry data during trajectory analysis of radio-metric Doppler files. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to investigate possible contributions of the thermal recoil force to the detected anomalous acceleration.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures, invited talk at the "III Mexican Meeting on Mathematical and Experimental Physics," Mexico City, Mexico, 10-14 September 2007
Unconventional transport properties in systems with triply degenerate quadratic band crossings
Creators: name: Liu, Zhihai
name: Wang, Luyang
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quadratic band crossing (QBC) is a crossing of two bands with quadratic dispersion, which has been intensively investigated due to its appearance in Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. Here, we study an extension of QBCs, the triply degenerate quadratic band crossing (TQBC), which is a three-band crossing node containing two quadratic dispersing bands and a flat band. We focus on two types of TQBCs. The first type contains a symmetry-protected QBC and a free-electron band, the prototype of which is the AA-stacked bilayer squareoctagon lattice. In a magnetic field, such a TQBC exhibits an anomalous Landau level structure, leading to a distinctive quantum Hall effect which displays an infinite ladder of Hall plateaus when the chemical potential approaches zero. The other type of TQBC can be viewed as a pseudospin-1 extension of the bilayer-graphene QBC. Under perturbations, this type of TQBCs may split into linear pseudospin-1 Dirac-Weyl fermions. When tunneling through a potential barrier, the transmission probability of the first type decays exponentially with the barrier width for any incident angle, similar to the free-electron case, while the second type hosts an all-angle perfect reflection when the energy of the incident particles is equal to half the barrier height.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
MRI/TRUS data fusion for brachytherapy
Creators: name: Daanen, V.
name: Gastaldo, J.
name: Giraud, J. Y.
name: Fourneret, P.
name: Descotes, J. L.
name: Bolla, M.
name: Collomb, D.
name: Troccaz, Jocelyne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: BACKGROUND: Prostate brachytherapy consists in placing radioactive seeds for tumour destruction under transrectal ultrasound imaging (TRUS) control. It requires prostate delineation from the images for dose planning. Because ultrasound imaging is patient- and operator-dependent, we have proposed to fuse MRI data to TRUS data to make image processing more reliable. The technical accuracy of this approach has already been evaluated. METHODS: We present work in progress concerning the evaluation of the approach from the dosimetry viewpoint. The objective is to determine what impact this system may have on the treatment of the patient. Dose planning is performed from initial TRUS prostate contours and evaluated on contours modified by data fusion. RESULTS: For the eight patients included, we demonstrate that TRUS prostate volume is most often underestimated and that dose is overestimated in a correlated way. However, dose constraints are still verified for those eight patients. CONCLUSIONS: This confirms our initial hypothesis.
Stochastic Dynamics II: Finite Random Dynamical Systems, Linear Representation, and Entropy Production
Creators: name: Ye, Felix X. -F.
name: Qian, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study finite state random dynamical systems (RDS) and their induced Markov chains (MC) as stochastic models for complex dynamics. The linear representation of deterministic maps in RDS are matrix-valued random variables whose expectations correspond to the transition matrix of the MC. The instantaneous Gibbs entropy, Shannon-Khinchin entropy per step, and the entropy production rate of the MC are discussed. These three concepts as key anchor points in stochastic dynamics, characterize respectively the uncertainties of the system at instant time $t$, the randomness generated per step, and the dynamical asymmetry with respect to time reversal. The entropy production rate, expressed in terms of the cycle distributions, has found an expression in terms of the probability of the deterministic maps with the single attractor in the maximum entropy RDS. For finite RDS with invertible transformations, the non-negative entropy production rate of its MC is bounded above by the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the probability of the deterministic maps with respect to its time-reversal dual probability.
Medical image computing and computer-aided medical interventions applied to soft tissues. Work in progress in urology
Creators: name: Troccaz, Jocelyne
name: Baumann, Michael
name: Berkelman, Peter
name: Cinquin, Philippe
name: Daanen, Vincent
name: Leroy, Antoine
name: Marchal, Maud
name: Payan, Yohan
name: Promayon, Emmanuel
name: Voros, Sandrine
name: Bart, Stéphane
name: Bolla, Michel
name: Chartier-Kastler, Emmanuel
name: Descotes, Jean-Luc
name: Dusserre, Andrée
name: Giraud, Jean-Yves
name: Long, Jean-Alexandre
name: Moalic, Ronan
name: Mozer, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Until recently, Computer-Aided Medical Interventions (CAMI) and Medical Robotics have focused on rigid and non deformable anatomical structures. Nowadays, special attention is paid to soft tissues, raising complex issues due to their mobility and deformation. Mini-invasive digestive surgery was probably one of the first fields where soft tissues were handled through the development of simulators, tracking of anatomical structures and specific assistance robots. However, other clinical domains, for instance urology, are concerned. Indeed, laparoscopic surgery, new tumour destruction techniques (e.g. HIFU, radiofrequency, or cryoablation), increasingly early detection of cancer, and use of interventional and diagnostic imaging modalities, recently opened new challenges to the urologist and scientists involved in CAMI. This resulted in the last five years in a very significant increase of research and developments of computer-aided urology systems. In this paper, we propose a description of the main problems related to computer-aided diagnostic and therapy of soft tissues and give a survey of the different types of assistance offered to the urologist: robotization, image fusion, surgical navigation. Both research projects and operational industrial systems are discussed.
Additional file 1 of Molecular engineering improves antigen quality and enables integrated manufacturing of a trivalent subunit vaccine candidate for rotavirus
Creators: name: Dalvie, Neil C.
name: Brady, Joseph R.
name: Crowell, Laura E.
name: Tracey, Mary Kate
name: Biedermann, Andrew M.
name: Kaur, Kawaljit
name: Hickey, John M.
name: Kristensen, D. Lee
name: Bonnyman, Alexandra D.
name: Rodriguez-Aponte, Sergio A.
name: Whittaker, Charles A.
name: Bok, Marina
name: Vega, Celina
name: Mukhopadhyay, Tarit K.
name: Joshi, Sangeeta B.
name: Volkin, David B.
name: Parreño, Viviana
name: Love, Kerry R.
name: Love, J. Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Additional Tables and Figures.
Bandwidth-Efficient Synchronization for Fiber Optic Transmission: System Performance Measurements
Creators: name: Omomukuyo, Oluyemi
name: Dobre, Octavia A.
name: Venkatesan, Ramachandran
name: Ngatched, Telex M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this article, we first provide a brief overview of optical transmission systems and some of their performance specifications. We then present a simple, robust, and bandwidth-efficient OFDM synchronization method, and carry out measurements to validate the presented synchronization method with the aid of an experimental setup.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, Magazine article
Catalog of dessins d'enfants with \le 4 edges
Creators: name: Adrianov, N. M.
name: Amburg, N. Ya.
name: Dremov, V. A.
name: Levitskaya, Yu. A.
name: Kreines, E. M.
name: Kochetkov, Yu. Yu.
name: Nasretdinova, V. F.
name: Shabat, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C10, 57M15

description: In this work all the dessins d'enfant with no more than 4 edges are listed and their Belyi pairs are computed. In order to enumerate all dessins the technique of matrix model computations was used. The total number of dessins is 134; among them 77 are spherical, 53 of genus 1 and 4 of genus 2. The orders of automorphism groups of all the dessins are also found. Dessins are listed by the number of edges. Dessins with the same number of edges are ordered lexicographically by their lists of 0-valencies. The corresponding matrix model for any list of 0-valencies is given and computed. Complex matrix models for dessins with 1 -- 3 edges are used. For the dessins with 4 edges we use Hermitian matrix model, correlators for which are computed in [1].
description: 64 pages, 134 figures
Additional file 8: of Analysis of novel caudal hindbrain genes reveals different regulatory logic for gene expression in rhombomere 4 versus 5/6 in embryonic zebrafish
Creators: name: Priyanjali Ghosh
name: Maurer, Jennifer
name: Sagerstrรถm, Charles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S6. Genotyping data for sall4, egfl6, celf2 and greb1l mutants. sall4, egfl6, celf2 and greb1l mutants generated by TILLING were procured from ZIRC. In each case, the mutation introduces a single nucleotide change (A; red text) causing a premature stop codon, except for egfl6 where the point mutation disrupts an essential splice site in exon 8. (B) Sequencing traces showing expected single nucleotide changes in each mutant line. (PDF 758 kb)
On the Foundations of Chiral Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Leutwyler, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of the effective field theory relevant for the low energy structure generated by the Goldstone bosons of a spontaneously broken symmetry are reexamined. It is shown that anomaly free, Lorentz invariant theories are characterized by a gauge invariant effective Lagrangian, to all orders of the low energy expansion. The paper includes a discussion of anomalies and approximate symmetries, but does not cover nonrelativistic effective theories.
description: 52 pages, BUTP-93/24
title: 02_0743
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Mimicking the Hadamard discrete-time quantum walk with a time-independent Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Moqadam, Jalil Khatibi
name: de Oliveira, Marcos Cesar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrete-time quantum walk dynamics can be generated by a time-dependent Hamiltonian, repeatedly switching between the coin and the shift generators. We change the model and consider the case where the Hamiltonian is time-independent, including both the coin and the shift terms in all times. The eigenvalues and the related Bloch vectors for the time-independent Hamiltonian are then compared with the corresponding quantities for the effective Hamiltonian generating the quantum walk dynamics. Restricted to the non-localized initial quantum walk states, we optimize the parameters in the time-independent Hamiltonian such that it generates a dynamics similar to the Hadamard quantum walk. We find that the dynamics of the walker probability distribution and the corresponding standard deviation, the coin-walker entanglement, and the quantum-to-classical transition of the discrete-time quantum walk model can be approximately generated by the optimized time-independent Hamiltonian. We, further, show both dynamics are equivalent in the classical regime, as expected.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures; extended and revised introduction, extended sections 3 and 6, added a new figure in section 6, added Appendices, results unchanged
Additional file 1: of Membrane-bound and soluble forms of an NMDA receptor extracellular domain retain epitopes targeted in auto-immune encephalitis
Creators: name: Sharma, Rashmi
name: Fetweh Al-Saleem
name: Puligedda, Rama
name: Rattelle, Amy
name: Lynch, David
name: Dessain, Scott
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: DNA and amino acid sequences of the ATD fusion protein. (DOCX 287 kb)
Euler equation of the optimal trajectory for the fastest magnetization reversal of nano-magnetic structures
Creators: name: Wang, X. R.
name: Yan, P.
name: Lu, J.
name: He, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the modified Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for an arbitrary Stoner particle under an external magnetic field and a spin-polarized electric current, differential equations for the optimal reversal trajectory, along which the magnetization reversal is the fastest one among all possible reversal routes, are obtained. We show that this is a Euler-Lagrange problem with constrains. The Euler equation of the optimal trajectory is useful in designing a magnetic field pulse and/or a polarized electric current pulse in magnetization reversal for two reasons. 1) It is straightforward to obtain the solution of the Euler equation, at least numerically, for a given magnetic nano-structure characterized by its magnetic anisotropy energy. 2) After obtaining the optimal reversal trajectory for a given magnetic nano-structure, finding a proper field/current pulse is an algebraic problem instead of the original nonlinear differential equation.
Additional file 7: of Analysis of novel caudal hindbrain genes reveals different regulatory logic for gene expression in rhombomere 4 versus 5/6 in embryonic zebrafish
Creators: name: Priyanjali Ghosh
name: Maurer, Jennifer
name: Sagerstrรถm, Charles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S5. SU5402 disrupts embryogenesis in hoxb1b mutants. Wildtype (i) and hoxb1b mutant (ii) zebrafish embryos were treated with SU5402 and assayed at various developmental stages by brightfield microscopy (A, B, F, H), or ISH to detect expression of efnb2a/krox20 (C), meis1a/krox20 (D), irx7/krox20 (E) or greb1l/krox20 (G). Note that defects in development are readily detectable in hoxb1b mutants treated with 50uM SU5402 (Aii, Bii), but not in WT embryos treated with SU5402 (Ai, Bi), nor in hoxb1b mutants treated with DEAB (Biii). As a result of these severe developmental defects, hoxb1b mutant embryos treated with SU5402 showed no specific staining for the r4 genes tested. (PDF 853 kb)