cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Data compression in cosmology: A compressed likelihood for Planck data
Creators: name: Prince, Heather
name: Dunkley, Jo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the massively optimized parameter estimation and data compression technique (MOPED) to the public Planck 2015 temperature likelihood, reducing the dimensions of the data space to one number per parameter of interest. We present CosMOPED, a lightweight and convenient compressed likelihood code implemented in Python. In doing so we show that the $\ell<30$ Planck temperature likelihood can be well approximated by two Gaussian distributed data points, which allows us to replace the map-based low-$\ell$ temperature likelihood by a simple Gaussian likelihood. We make available a Python implementation of Planck's 2015 Plik_lite temperature likelihood that includes these low-$\ell$ binned temperature data (Planck-lite-py). We do not explicitly use the large-scale polarization data in CosMOPED, instead imposing a prior on the optical depth to reionization derived from these data. We show that the $Λ$CDM parameters recovered with CosMOPED are consistent with the uncompressed likelihood to within 0.1$σ$, and test that a 7-parameter extended model performs similarly well.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. D. For CosMOPED code see https://github.com/heatherprince/cosmoped; for Planck-lite-py see https://github.com/heatherprince/planck-lite-py
Dynamic Food Demand in Urban China
Creators: name: Zhou, De
name: Yu, Xiaohua
name: Herzfeld, Thomas
name: Zhou, De
name: Yu, Xiaohua
name: Herzfeld, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: two-stage budgeting
subject: food
subject: demand model
subject: DLES-LA/DAIDS
subject: China

description: PURPOSE – The purpose of this paper is to investigate dynamic food demand in urban China, with use of a complete dynamic demand system - DLES-LA/DAIDS, which pushes forward the techniques of demand analysis. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH – We employ a transitionary demand process and develop a new approach of complete demand system with a two-stage dynamic budgeting : an additively separable dynamic linear expenditure system (DLES) in the first stage and a linear approximate dynamic almost ideal demand system (LA/DAIDS). Employing provincial aggregate data (1995-2010) from the China urban household surveys (UHS), we estimated the demand elasticities for primary food products in urban China. FINDINGS – Our results indicate that most primary food products are necessities and price-inelastic for urban households in China. We also found that the dynamic model tends to yield relatively smaller expenditure elasticities in magnitude than the static models do due to dynamic adjusting costs, such as habit formation, switching costs, and learning process. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS – The research contributes to the demand analysis methodologically, and can be used for better projections in policy simulation models. ORIGINALITY/VALUE – This paper methodologically releases the restrictive assumption of instant adjustment in static models and allows consumers to make a dynamic decision in food consumption. Empirically, we introduce a new complete dynamic demand model and carry out a case study with the use of urban household data in China.
Localization by disorder in the infrared conductivity of (Y,Pr)Ba2Cu3O7 films
Creators: name: Lobo, R. P. S. M.
name: Sherman, E. Ya.
name: Racah, D.
name: Dagan, Y.
name: Bontemps, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ab-plane reflectivity of (Y{1-x}Prx)Ba2Cu3O7 thin films was measured in the 30-30000 cm-1 range for samples with x = 0 (Tc = 90 K), x = 0.4 (Tc = 35 K) and x = 0.5 (Tc = 19 K) as a function of temperature in the normal state. The effective charge density obtained from the integrated spectral weight decreases with increasing x. The variation is consistent with the higher dc resistivity for x = 0.4, but is one order of magnitude smaller than what would be expected for x = 0.5. In the latter sample, the conductivity is dominated at all temperatures by a large localization peak. Its magnitude increases as the temperature decreases. We relate this peak to the dc resistivity enhancement. A simple localization-by-disorder model accounts for the optical conductivity of the x = 0.5 sample.
description: 7 pages with (4) figures included
Pyramid wavefront sensing developments at NRC-HAA
Creators: name: Van Kooten, Maaike
name: Berube, Madeleine Lardiere
name: Veran, Jean-Pierre
name: Jackson, Kate
Publisher: name: Proceedings of AO4ELT7 conference 2023 - Editors: Thierry Fusco and Benoit Neichel
Year: 2023
Subjects: PYRAMID WAVEFRONT SENSING
REVOLT
OPTICAL GAIN
ON SKY TESTBED

description: Many next generation adaptive optics (AO) systems, on both 10-m class telescopes and future giant segmented telescopes, plan to incorporate a pyramid wavefront sensor (PWFS) to achieve their performance requirements. As a significant number of the instruments being developed at National Research Council Canada Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre (NRC-HAA) contain a PWFS, we have re-established a PWFS testbed. We present the design for the AO PWFS bench and first light results. A key design of the bench is the portability of the PWFS arm such that it can be installed on NRC-HAA\'s local AO system for on-sky testing of the PWFS with the Herzberg Extensible Adaptive optics Real-time Toolkit as the real-time controller.
Projecting Meat and Cereals Demand for China Based on a Meta-Analysis of Income Elasticities
Creators: name: Zhou, De
name: Yu, Xiaohua
name: Abler, David G.
name: Chen, Danhong
name: Zhou, De
name: Yu, Xiaohua
name: Abler, David G.
name: Chen, Danhong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: projections
subject: food demand
subject: income elasticity
subject: China
subject: meta-analysis

description: There are many projections for China’s food demand, and the projection results differ significantly from each other. Different values for income elasticities could be a major reason. This study projects meat and cereals demand for China based on a meta-analysis of the income elasticity estimates using a collection of 143 and 240 income elasticity estimates for cereals and meat products, respectively, from 36 primary studies. We find that income elasticities for most cereals (general cereals, rice, and coarse grains) and all meat products (general meat, pork, poultry, beef & mutton) tend to decline as per capita income increases, except for wheat, which increases. Taking this into account, differences between consumption projections based on time-varying income elasticities and values based on constant elasticities are substantial in quantities and increase over time.
Connes Trace Theorem for Curved Noncommutative Tori. Application to Scalar Curvature
Creators: name: Ponge, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we prove a version of Connes' trace theorem for noncommutative tori of any dimension~$n\geq 2$. This allows us to recover and improve earlier versions of this result in dimension $n=2$ and $n=4$ by Fathizadeh-Khalkhali. We also recover the Connes integration formula for flat noncommutative tori of McDonald-Sukochev-Zanin. As a further application we prove a curved version of this integration formula in terms of the Laplace-Beltrami operator defined by an arbitrary Riemannian metric. For the class of so-called self-compatible Riemannian metrics (including the conformally flat metrics of Connes-Tretkoff) this shows that Connes' noncommutative integral allows us to recover the Riemannian density. This exhibits a neat link between this notion of noncommutative integral and noncommutative measure theory in the sense of operator algebras. As an application of these results, we setup a natural notion of scalar curvature for curved noncommutative tori.
description: v2: minor changes
Calorie Elasticities with Income Dynamics: Evidence from the Literature
Creators: name: Zhou, De
name: Yu, Xiaohua
name: Zhou, De
name: Yu, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: nutrition transition
subject: calorie consumption
subject: income elasticity
subject: finite mixture model

description: This paper proposes a finite mixture model (FMM) to model the behavioral transition of calorie consumption with an assumption that nutrition consumption is a mixture of two different behavioral stages: a poor stage and an affluent stage. Based on 387 calorie-income elasticities collected from 90 primary studies, our results identify that the threshold income for calorie demand transition is 459.8 USD in 2012 prices (PPP). It implies that the transitional threshold for calorie consumption is 1.26 dollar/day, which is slightly lower than the World Bank poverty line (1.25 dollar/day in 2005 PPP prices).
Adsorption of polyelectrolytes from semi-dilute solutions on an oppositely charged surface
Creators: name: Manghi, Manoel
name: Aubouy, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a detailed description of the structure of the layer formed by polyelectrolyte chains adsorbed onto an oppositely charged surface in the semi-dilute regime. We combine the mean-field Poisson-Boltzmann-Edwards theory and the scaling functional theory to describe the variations of the monomer concentration, the electrostatic potential, and the local grafting density with the distance to the surface. For long polymers, we find that the effective charge of the decorated surface (surface plus adsorbed polyelectrolytes) can be much larger than the bare charge of the surface at low salt concentration, thus providing an experimental route to a "supercharging" type of effect.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: A spectral catalogue of emission-line sources
Creators: name: Göttgens, Fabian
name: Husser, Tim-Oliver
name: Kamann, Sebastian
name: Dreizler, Stefan
name: Giesers, Benjamin
name: Kollatschny, Wolfram
name: Weilbacher, Peter M.
name: Roth, Martin M.
name: Wendt, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters produce many exotic stars due to a much higher frequency of dynamical interactions in their dense stellar environments. Some of these objects were observed together with several hundred thousands other stars in our MUSE survey of 26 Galactic globular clusters. Assuming that at least a few exotic stars have exotic spectra, that means spectra that contain emission lines, we can use this large spectroscopic data set of over a million stellar spectra as a blind survey to detect stellar exotica in globular clusters. To detect emission lines in each spectrum, we model the expected shape of an emission line as a Gaussian curve. This template is used for matched filtering on the differences between each observed 1D spectrum and its fitted spectral model. The spectra with the most significant detections of H$α$ emission are checked visually and cross-matched with published catalogues. We find 156 stars with H$α$ emission, including several known cataclysmic variables (CV) and two new CVs, pulsating variable stars, eclipsing binary stars, the optical counterpart of a known black hole, several probable sub-subgiants and red stragglers, and 21 background emission-line galaxies. We find possible optical counterparts to 39 X-ray sources, as we detect H$α$ emission in several spectra of stars that are close to known positions of Chandra X-ray sources. This spectral catalogue can be used to supplement existing or future X-ray or radio observations with spectra of potential optical counterparts to classify the sources.
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
MOESM1 of Infection with carcinogenic helminth parasites and its production of metabolites induces the formation of DNA-adducts
Creators: name: Gouveia, Maria
name: Brindley, Paul
name: Rinaldi, Gabriel
name: Gärtner, Fátima
name: Costa, José
name: Vale, Nuno
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Chromatograms obtained by LC-MS/MS of different aliquots analyzed.
MOESM1 of Analyzing Alternative Food Networks sustainability in Italy: a proposal for an assessment framework
Creators: name: Mastronardi, Luigi
name: Marino, Davide
name: Giaccio, Vincenzo
name: Giannelli, Agostino
name: Palmieri, Margherita
name: Mazzocchi, Giampiero
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Complete list of themes, sub-themes, targets, and indicators.
Quantum diffusion of dipole-oriented indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells
Creators: name: Ivanov, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for diffusion of statistically-degenerate excitons in (coupled) quantum wells is proposed and analysed. Within a microscopic approach, we derive a quantum diffusion equation, calculate and estimate the self-diffusion coefficient for excitons in quantum wells and derive a modified Einstein relation adapted to statistically-degenerated quasi-two-dimensional bosons. It is also shown that the dipole-dipole interaction of indirect excitons effectively screens long-range-correlated disorder in quantum wells. Numerical calculations are given for indirect excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells.
description: To appear in Europhysics Letters
The Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation in geometric algebra
Creators: name: Bartsch, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kustaanheimo-Stiefel (KS) transformation maps the non-linear and singular equations of motion of the three-dimensional Kepler problem to the linear and regular equations of a four-dimensional harmonic oscillator. It is used extensively in studies of the perturbed Kepler problem in celestial mechanics and atomic physics. In contrast to the conventional matrix-based approach, the formulation of the KS transformation in the language of geometric Clifford algebra offers the advantages of a clearer geometrical interpretation and greater computational simplicity. It is demonstrated that the geometric algebra formalism can readily be used to derive a Lagrangian and Hamiltonian description of the KS dynamics in arbitrary static electromagnetic fields. For orbits starting at the Coulomb centre, initial conditions are derived and a framework is set up that allows a discussion of the stability of these orbits.
Magnetic fields and cosmic rays in M 31. I. Spectral indices, scale lengths, Faraday rotation, and magnetic field pattern
Creators: name: Beck, R.
name: Berkhuijsen, E. M.
name: Gießübel, R.
name: Mulcahy, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 85-05

description: Three deep radio continuum surveys of the Andromeda galaxy, M 31, were performed at 11.3, 6.2, and 3.6 cm wavelength with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope. At all wavelengths, the total and polarized emission is concentrated in a ring-like structure between about 7 kpc and 13 kpc radius from the center. Propagation of cosmic rays away from star-forming regions is evident. The ring of synchrotron emission is wider than the ring of the thermal radio emission, and the radial scale length of synchrotron emission is larger than that of thermal emission. The polarized intensity from the ring varies double-periodically with azimuthal angle, indicating that the ordered magnetic field is almost oriented along the ring, with a pitch angle of -14° $\pm$ 2°. Faraday rotation measures (RM) show a large-scale sinusoidal variation with azimuthal angle, signature of an axisymmetric spiral (ASS) regular magnetic field, plus a superimposed double-periodic variation of a bisymmetric spiral (BSS) field with about 6x smaller amplitude. The dominating ASS field of M 31 is the most compelling case so far of a field generated by the action of a mean-field dynamo. The RM amplitude between 6.2 cm and 3.6 cm is about 50% larger than between 11.3 cm and 6.2 cm, indicating that Faraday depolarization at 11.3 cm is stronger than at 6.2 cm and 3.6 cm. The phase of the sinusoidal RM variation of -7° $\pm$ 1° is interpreted as the average spiral pitch angle of the regular field. The average pitch angle of the ordered field, as derived from the intrinsic orientation of the polarized emission (corrected for Faraday rotation), is significantly smaller: -26° $\pm$ 3°. The difference in pitch angle of the regular and the ordered fields indicates that the ordered field contains a significant fraction of an anisotropic turbulent field that has a different pattern than the regular (ASS + BSS) field.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy 6 Astrophysics
Additionality in Conservation Easements Programs: Grassland Easements in the Prairie Pothole Region
Creators: name: Savage, Jeffrey
name: Claassen, Roger
name: Breneman, Vincent E.
name: Loesch, Chuck
name: Williams, Ryan
name: Savage, Jeffrey
name: Claassen, Roger
name: Breneman, Vincent E.
name: Loesch, Chuck
name: Williams, Ryan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Prairie Pothole Region
subject: additionality
subject: conservation easements
subject: grassland conversion

description: Conversion of native sod (grassland) to cropland in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is threatening important breeding habitats for migratory birds. About 50 percent of North American ducks are produced in the grasslands of the PPR, even though this habitat accounts for only ten percent of duck breeding territory. Once lost, native grassland habitats are difficult to reconstruct. To protect these habitats, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) holds permanent easements prohibiting grassland-to-cropland conversion or wetland drainage on more than 3.5 million acres. The USDA also holds easements against grassland conversion.We estimated the additionality of grassland easements purchased in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota from 1997—2010. Higher additionality implies that a larger proportion of eased grasslands would have been converted to another use in the absence of the easement. Using propensity score models, our estimate of additionality for all easements is 3.4 percent for the years 1997-2010. For relatively high quality land, which is more likely to be converted, our estimate of additionality is 6.4 percent. When measured over longer periods, additionality will higher because more of the eased land would have been converted to another use.
On the tidally induced gravitational collapse of a particle cluster
Creators: name: Alvi, Kashif
name: Liu, Yuk Tung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An important issue in the dynamics of neutron star binaries is whether tidal interaction can cause the individual stars to collapse into black holes during inspiral. To understand this issue better, we study the dynamics of a cluster of collisionless particles orbiting a non-rotating black hole, which is part of a widely separated circular binary. The companion body's electric- and magnetic-type tidal fields distort the black hole and perturb the cluster, eventually causing the cluster to collapse into the hole as the companion spirals in under the influence of gravitational radiation reaction. We find that magnetic-type tidal forces do not significantly influence the evolution of the cluster as a whole. However, individual orbits can be strongly affected by these forces. For example, some orbits are destabilized due to the addition of magnetic-type tidal forces. We find that the most stable orbits are close to the companion's orbital plane and retrograde with respect to the companion's orbit.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Anderson Orthogonality Catastrophe in Disordered Systems
Creators: name: Gefen, Yuval
name: Berkovits, Richard
name: Lerner, Igor V.
name: Altshuler, Boris L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe (AOC) in finite conductors with diffusive disorder. The disorder averaged logarithm of $χ$, the overlap between the ground states before and after adding a static impurity, is found to depend nonmonotonically on the disorder. In two dimensions $ \propto \ln^2 N$ in the weak disorder limit, thus showing a stronger dependence on the number of electrons $N$ than in the canonical AOC. A very broad tail of the distribution of $χ$, found numerically, is a signature of the importance of a few-level statistics at the Fermi energy.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Radio Emission from Supernovae in the Very Early Phase: Implications for the Dynamical Mass Loss of Massive Stars
Creators: name: Matsuoka, Tomoki
name: Maeda, Keiichi
name: Lee, Shiu-Hang
name: Yasuda, Haruo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent high-cadence transient surveys and rapid follow-up observations indicate that some massive stars may dynamically lose their own mass within decades before supernovae (SNe). Such a mass-loss forms `confined' circumstellar medium (CSM); a high density material distributed only within a small radius ($\lesssim 10^{15}$ cm with the mass-loss rate of 0.01 $\sim 10^{-4} M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$). While the SN shock should trigger particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification in the `confined' CSM, synchrotron emission may be masked in centimeter wavelengths due to free-free absorption; the millimeter range can however be a potential new window. We investigate the time evolution of synchrotron radiation from the system of a red super giant surrounded by the `confined' CSM, relevant to typical type II-P SNe. We show that synchrotron millimeter emission is generally detectable, and the signal can be used as a sensitive tracer of the nature of the `confined' CSM; it traces different CSM density parameter space than in the optical. Furthermore, our simulations show that the `confined' CSM efficiently produces secondary electrons and positrons through proton inelastic collisions, which can become main contributors to the synchrotron emission in several ten days since the SN. We predict that the synchrotron emission is detectable by ALMA, and suggest that it will provide a robust evidence of the existence of the `confined' CSM.
description: 15 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Structural Changes in Farmer Cooperatives
Creators: name: Ariyaratne, Chatura B.
name: Briggeman, Brian C.
name: Ariyaratne, Chatura B.
name: Briggeman, Brian C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Cooperatives
subject: Consolidation
subject: Structural Change
subject: Cost Efficiencies
subject: Productivity

description: Since 1990, the farmer cooperative landscape has experienced a significant structural shift. Steep consolidation, elevated competition, and surging commodity prices have elevated the need for co-ops to be mindful of their cost structure and efficiencies. To test for this structural shift, this study estimated technical, allocative, scale, economic, and overall efficiencies for a set of grain marketing and farm supply cooperatives using a unique financial database. Chow test statistics for overall efficiency model show one structural shift in 2002 and 2003. Cooperatives are more likely to reduce costs by focusing on technical efficiency rather than adjusting the scale of operation. Nearly all efficiency trend lines, except for allocative, follows the business cycle patterns of the 1990s and 2000s. Our regression results shows capital constraint was one reason an average cooperative was off the technical frontier.
Merging of Soap Bubbles and Why Surfactant Matters
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Patricia
name: Zeng, Qingyun
name: Tan, Beng Hau
name: Ohl, Claus-Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The merging of two soap bubbles is a fundamental fluid mechanical process in foam formation. In the present experimental study the liquid films from two soap bubbles are brought together. Once the liquid layers initially separated by a gas sheet are bridged on a single spot the rapid merging of the two liquid films proceed. Thereby the connecting rim is rapidly accelerated into the separating gas layer. We show that due to the dimple formation the velocity is not uniform and the high acceleration causes initially a Rayleigh-Taylor instability of the liquid rim. At later times, the rim takes heals into a circular shape. However for sufficient high concentrations of the surfactant the unstable rim pinches off microbubbles resulting in a fractal dendritic structure after coalescence.
Probability Density Function of Kerr Effect Phase Noise
Creators: name: Ho, Keang-Po
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability density function of Kerr effect phase noise, often called the Gordon-Mollenauer effect, is derived analytically. The Kerr effect phase noise can be accurately modeled as the summation of a Gaussian random variable and a noncentral chi-square random variable with two degrees of freedom. Using the received intensity to correct for the phase noise, the residual Kerr effect phase noise can be modeled as the summation of a Gaussian random variable and the difference of two noncentral chi-square random variables with two degrees of freedom. The residual phase noise can be approximated by Gaussian distribution better than the Kerr effect phase noise without correction.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Controlling Non-additional Credits from Nutrient Management in Water Quality Trading Programs Through Eligibility Baseline Stringency
Creators: name: Savage, Jeffrey
name: Ribaudo, Marc
name: Savage, Jeffrey
name: Ribaudo, Marc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: additionality
subject: point-nonpoint water quality trading
subject: baseline
subject: nutrient management
subject: moral hazard

description: A concern for any program that offers payment for environmental services is that those services be additional. Non-additional services are those that would have been provided without the payment. One source of non-additionality is farmer misrepresentation of their pre-program management. Farm management practices are often difficult to observe, particularly those that do not involve structural changes, such as nutrient management. If practices are difficult to observe, management oversight lax, and enforcement weak, the farmer has an incentive to provide biased information that increases the likelihood that he will receive a more favorable baseline for calculating services created, and a larger payment. This is a moral hazard problem. The presence of non-additional credits in a water quality trading program can result in the degradation of water quality. Point source discharges above permitted levels are replaced by equivalent reductions from unregulated nonpoint sources. If the abatement that point sources purchase from nonpoint sources is non-additional, discharges will be higher than if the abatement was truly additional. Preventing non-additional credits from entering a water quality trading market is one of the goals of program design. In this paper we assess how program eligibility baseline choice affects the incentive to misrepresent baseline nutrient management practices using data from the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
Eccentric-orbit EMRI radiation: Analytic forms of leading-logarithm and subleading-logarithm flux terms at high PN orders
Creators: name: Munna, Christopher
name: Evans, Charles R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new results on the analytic eccentricity dependence of several sequences of gravitational wave flux terms at high post-Newtonian (PN) order for extreme-mass-ratio inspirals. These sequences are the leading logarithms, which appear at PN orders $x^{3k} \log^k(x)$ and $x^{3k+3/2} \log^k(x)$ for integers $k\ge 0$ ($x$ a PN compactness parameter), and the subleading logarithms, which appear at orders $x^{3k} \log^{k-1}(x)$ and $x^{3k+3/2} \log^{k-1}(x)$ ($k\ge 1$), in both the energy and angular momentum radiated to infinity. For the energy flux leading logarithms, we show that to arbitrarily high PN order their eccentricity dependence is determined by particular sums over the function $g(n,e_t)$, derived from the Newtonian mass quadrupole moment, that normally gives the spectral content of the Peters-Mathews flux as a function of radial harmonic $n$. An analogous power spectrum $\tilde{g}(n,e_t)$ determines the leading logarithms of the angular momentum flux. For subleading logs, the quadrupole power spectra are again shown to play a role, providing a distinguishable part of the eccentricity dependence of these flux terms to high PN order. With the quadrupole contribution understood, the remaining analytic eccentricity dependence of the subleading logs can in principle be determined more easily using black hole perturbation theory. We show this procedure in action, deriving the complete analytic structure of the $x^6 \log(x)$ subleading-log term and an analytic expansion of the $x^{9/2}$ subleading log to high order in a power series in eccentricity. We discuss how these methods might be extended to other sequences of terms in the PN expansion involving logarithms.
description: 24 pages. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles deposited on heat-treated graphitic carbon nitride for the removal of methylene blue dye molecules by adsorption
Creators: name: Pandey, Anmol
name: Bhagat, Ashish
name: Bhaduri, Bhaskar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This study focuses on synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in heat-treated graphitic carbon nitride substrate (Fe3O4/g-C3N4) for the removal of aqueous methylene blue (MB) molecules by adsorption. Characterization data reveal that Fe3O4 NPs are successfully incorporated onto g-C3N4. The material is tested for its efficacy toward the adsorptive removal of MB dye molecules from DI water. The study reveals that the adsorption of MB onto Fe3O4/g-C3N4 is dependent on pH of the test solution, with MB adsorption capacity increases with rising solution pH. The maximum amount of MB adsorbed is 660.38 ± 20.00 mg g−1 over the concentration range 5–200 mg L−1 and a pH of 11, based on the Langmuir model. Regeneration studies confirm that the material can be reused for five test runs without major loss of adsorption efficiency. The same process has been successfully implemented for the MB-spiked river water samples. The drop in the maximum MB adsorption capacity in MB-spiked river water sample may be attributed to (1) the blockage of pore mouths and the external surface of the adsorbent by dissolved and suspended solid particles in the river water sample, and (2) competition between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and MB molecules for available adsorption sites. This study has opened up a new horizon for the extensive applications of Fe3O4/g-C3N4, particularly in environmental remediation.
On the inflationary massive field with a curved field manifold
Creators: name: Wang, Dong-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive fields during inflation provide an interesting opportunity to test new physics at very high energy scales. Meanwhile in fundamental realizations, the inflationary field space typically has a curved geometry, which may leave detectable imprints in primordial observables. In this paper we study an extension of quasi-single field inflation where the inflaton and the massive field belong to a curved field manifold. Because of the nontrivial field space curvature, the massive field here can get significant mass corrections of order the Hubble scale, thus the quasi-single field predictions on primordial non-Gaussianity are affected. We derive the same result in an equivalent approach by using the background effective field theory of inflation, where a dimension-6 operator is identified to play an important role and its cutoff scale is associated with the curvature scale of the field space. In addition, due to the slow-roll evolution of the inflaton, this type of mass correction has intrinsic time-dependence. Consequently, the running mass modifies the scaling behaviour in the squeezed limit of the scalar bispectrum, while the resulting running index measures the curvature of the internal field space. Therefore the minimal setup of a massive field within curved field space during inflation may naturally lead to new observational signatures of the field space geometry.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures; v2: published version with minor revisions and references added
АҲОЛИНИ ИЖТИМОИЙ ҲИМОЯ ҚИЛИШНИНГ МОЛИЯВИЙ МЕҲАНИЗМИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ
Creators: name: Шержонов, Шержон
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Мақолада аҳолининг ижтимоий ҳимоясини молиявий механизмлар орқали такомиллаштириш масаласи таҳлил қилинади. Давлатнинг ижтимоий ҳимоя сиёсати, бюджет маблағларининг тақсимланиши, субсидиялар, нафақалар ва ижтимоий ёрдам дастурларининг самарадорлиги ёритилади. Шунингдек, молиявий ресурслардан оқилона фойдаланиш, ижтимоий муҳофаза тизимини модернизатсия қилиш ҳамда халқаро тажриба асосида инноватсион механизмларни жорий этиш бўйича тавсиялар берилади. Ўзбекистон шароитида аҳолининг ижтимоий ҳимоясини кучайтириш стратегиялари ҳамда барқарор ривожланиш тамойиллари таҳлил қилинади.
Specific Heat upon Aqueous Unfolding of the Protein Interior: A Theoretical Approach
Creators: name: Bakk, Audun
name: Hoye, Johan S.
name: Hansen, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study theoretically the thermodynamics, over a broad temperature range (5 C to 125 C), related to hydrated water upon protein unfolding. The hydration effect is modeled as interacting dipoles in an external field, mimicking the influence from the unfolded surfaces on the surrounding water compared to bulk water. The heat capacity change upon hydration is compared with experimental data from Privalov and Makhatadze on four different proteins: myoglobin, lysozyme, cytochrome c and ribonuclease. Despite the simplicity of the model, it yields good correspondence with experiments. With some interest we note that the effective coupling constants are the same for myoglobin, lysozyme, and cytochrome c, although they are slightly different for ribonuclease.
description: 15 pages, REVTex, 1 figure
Agricultural Trade Liberalization in a Multisector World Model
Creators: name: Krissoff, Barry
name: Ballenger, Nicole
name: Krissoff, Barry
name: Ballenger, Nicole
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
International Relations/Trade
Production Economics

description: Impacts of agricultural and nonagricultural trade liberalization on agriculture are assessed in a multi-commodity, multi-country framework. By modeling simultaneously all goods sectors of the economy, we evaluate the importance of: (a) relative price changes between sectors, and (b) income and exchange-rate adjustments that follow trade liberalization in a world of floating rates. Specifically, we compare two cases using a static world policy simulation (SWOPSIM) model: agricultural multilateral liberalization and complete multilateral liberalization with floating exchange rates for all countries/regions. In both cases agricultural commodity prices tend to increase, an effect which is more pronounced when currency values adjust. The developing countries, in particular Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, have the most significant advances in agricultural and total production when exchange rates vary. Moreover, the gains from international trade are extended to all countries/regions explicitly specified in the model.
On the Wang-Landau Method for Off-Lattice Simulations in the "Uniform" Ensemble
Creators: name: Shell, M. S.
name: Debenedetti, P. G.
name: Panagiotopoulos, A. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rigorous derivation for off-lattice implementations of the so-called "random-walk" algorithm recently introduced by Wang and Landau [PRL 86, 2050 (2001)]. Originally developed for discrete systems, the algorithm samples configurations according to their inverse density of states using Monte-Carlo moves; the estimate for the density of states is refined at each simulation step and is ultimately used to calculate thermodynamic properties. We present an implementation for atomic systems based on a rigorous separation of kinetic and configurational contributions to the density of states. By constructing a "uniform" ensemble for configurational degrees of freedom--in which all potential energies, volumes, and numbers of particles are equally probable--we establish a framework for the correct implementation of simulation acceptance criteria and calculation of thermodynamic averages in the continuum case. To demonstrate the generality of our approach, we perform sample calculations for the Lennard-Jones fluid using two implementation variants and in both cases find good agreement with established literature values for the vapor-liquid coexistence locus.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
MIRACLES: atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets and substellar companions at 4-5 $μ$m. I. Photometric analysis of $β$ Pic b, HIP 65426 b, PZ Tel B and HD 206893 B
Creators: name: Stolker, Tomas
name: Quanz, Sascha P.
name: Todorov, Kamen O.
name: Kühn, Jonas
name: Mollière, Paul
name: Meyer, Michael R.
name: Currie, Thayne
name: Daemgen, Sebastian
name: Lavie, Baptiste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directly imaged planets and substellar companions are key targets for the characterization of self-luminous atmospheres. Their photometric appearance at 4-5 $μ$m is sensitive to the chemical composition and cloud content of their atmosphere. We aim at systematically characterizing the atmospheres of directly imaged low-mass companions at 4-5 $μ$m. We want to homogeneously process the data and compile a photometric library at thermal wavelengths of these mostly young, low-gravity objects. In this way, we want to find trends related to their spectral type and surface gravity by comparing with isolated brown dwarfs and predictions from atmospheric models. We have used the high-resolution, high-contrast capabilities of NACO at the VLT to directly image the companions of HIP 65426, PZ Tel, and HD 206893 in the NB4.05 and/or $M'$ filters. For the same targets, and additionally $β$ Pic, we have also analyzed six archival VLT/NACO datasets which were taken with the NB3.74, $L'$, NB4.05, and $M'$ filters. The $L'$-NB4.05 and $L'$-$M'$ colors of the studied sample are all red while the NB4.05-$M'$ color is blue for $β$ Pic b, gray for PZ Tel B, and red for HIP 65426 b and HD 206893 B (although typically with low significance). The absolute NB4.05 and $M'$ fluxes of our sample are all larger than those of field dwarfs with similar spectral types. Finally, the surface gravity of $β$ Pic b has been constrained to $\log{g} = 4.17_{-0.13}^{+0.10}$ dex from its photometry and dynamical mass. A red color at 3-4 $μ$m and a blue color at 4-5 $μ$m might be (partially) caused by H$_2$O and CO absorption, respectively. The red characteristics of $β$ Pic b, HIP 65426 b, and HD 206893 B at 3-5$μ$m, as well as their higher fluxes in NB4.05 and $M'$ compared to field dwarfs, indicate that cloud densities are enhanced close to the photosphere as a result of their low surface gravity.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Malawi's Agricultural Development: A Success Story?
Creators: name: Sofranko, Andrew J.
name: Fliegel, Frederick C.
name: Sofranko, Andrew J.
name: Fliegel, Frederick C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
International Development

description: At a time when attention was focused on Africa's poor agricultural performance, Malawi demonstrated a capacity not only to feed itself, but to produce a surplus for export. During the periods covered in this paper, its agricultural growth exceeded that of most African countries and compared favorably with 'success stories' on the continent. This research focuses on Malawi's recent performance, with particular attention on trends in the provision of essential agro-support services: credit; extension and farmer training; and input supply and marketing. Trends in these services are examined first at the national level and then at the district level. While overall trends indicate substantial progress, district level data reveal extensive unevenness. Moreover, at the farm level, census data on farmer training and technology utilization show fewer benefits to female operators and smaller farmers. Important elements of developmentally oriented infrastructure and services have been put in place and are functioning better than in most African countries. This is important in terms of longer-term agricultural development prospects. There is ample evidence, however, that Malawi's progress has not spread across different segments of the farm population or Agriculture Development Districts. Both the unevenness and overall progress have been heavily influenced by donor- support.
Lower desorption temperature in CO2 capture using various magnesium oxide loading on iron(III) oxide by ultrasonic-assisted synthesis: the adsorption-desorption and isotherm studies
Creators: name: Lahuri, Azizul Hakim
name: Jaafar, Nur Farhana
name: Nordin, Norazzizi
name: Dzakaria, Norliza
name: Yusof, Syawal Mohd
name: Samidin, Salma
name: Sulaiman, Syazreen Nadia
name: Marliza, Tengku Sharifah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: This study introduces a novel approach to CO2 capture using the ultrasonic-assisted wet impregnation technique with various MgO loadings on Fe2O3. This method allows for enhanced dispersion of MgO particles, leading to improved adsorption and desorption characteristics. The characterization was conducted using XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and FESEM. CO2 adsorption isotherm at 25 °C and TPD-CO2 were applied to obtain the CO2 capture activities. The linearized form of adsorption isotherm model was fitted to the experimental data from the CO2 adsorption isotherm at 25 °C. The most effective adsorbent is 20MgO/Fe2O3 with 20 wt% dopant loading which has an adsorption capacity of 3.83 and 56.99 mg/g for physisorption and chemisorption, respectively. It has the highest pore size distribution at 80–150 nm among MgO/Fe2O3 series adsorbents. This discrepancy is ascribed to a good distribution of the MgO particle on the Fe2O3 surfaces and the pores generated on the MgO surfaces. XRD revealed a greater peak shift to a higher angle of 2θ for the (104) plane starting from 20MgO/Fe2O3. This shows that the Fe3+ ion in the Fe2O3 structure has been successfully replaced by a smaller ion radius of Mg2+ and the ion was successfully incorporated into the Fe2O3 as a substitutional atom. The Freundlich isotherm model fit the best with the experimental data suggesting that the heterogeneity surface facilitated a successful multilayer adsorption process. The novelty of this work lies in the ability to enhance CO2 adsorption efficiency while lowering the desorption temperature, offering a practical CO2 capture applications.
Generation of heterotic string theory solutions from the stationary Einstein-Maxwell fields
Creators: name: Kechkin, Oleg V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new formalism for construction of the stationary solutions is developed for the four-dimensional gravity coupled to the dilaton, Kalb-Ramond and two Maxwell fields in a low-energy heterotic string theory form. The result of generation is automatically invariant in respect to subgroup of the stationary charging symmetry transformations; the generation can be started from the stationary Einstein-Maxwell fields. The formalism is given both in real and new compact complex form, the result of maximal symmetry extension of the stationary Einstein-Maxwell theory to discussing string gravity model is explicitly written down.
description: 16 pages in LATEX