cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Modified St$\ddot u$ckelberg Formalism: Free Massive Abelian 2-Form Theory in 4D
Creators: name: Rao, A. K.
name: Malik, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the celebrated St$\ddot u$ckelberg formalism gets modified in the case of a massive four (3+1)-dimensional (4D) Abelian 2-form theory due to the presence of a self-duality discrete symmetry in the theory. The latter symmetry entails upon the modified 4D massive Abelian 2-form gauge theory to become a massive model of Hodge theory within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism where there is existence of a set of (anti-)co-BRST transformations corresponding to the usual nilpotent (anti-)BRST transformations. The latter exist in any arbitrary dimension of spacetime for the usual St$\ddot u$ckelberg-modified massive Abelian 2-form gauge theory. The modification in the St$\ddot u$ckelberg technique is backed by the precise mathematical arguments from the differential geometry where the exterior derivative and Hodge duality operator play the decisive roles. The modified version of the St$\ddot u$ckelberg technique remains invariant under the discrete duality transformations which also establish a precise and deep connection between the off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST transformations. We have clarified a simple trick to get rid of the higher derivative terms in the appropriate Lagrangian densities so that our 4D theory can become consistent and renormalizable.
description: LaTeX file, 28 pages, version to appear in UNIVERSE (2023); dedicated to the memory of Prof. T. Pradhan
Υγεία και Ασφάλεια του Προσωπικού Έκτακτης Ανάγκης σε μια Καταστροφή Μεγάλης Κλίμακας, Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο "Υγεία και Ασφάλεια στην Εργασία & Πολιτική Προστασία", Αθήνα 14-15 Οκτωβρίου 2016
Creators: name: Καραμάνου, Ασπασία
name: Ιωάννα Τσούπρα
name: Ευστράτιος Δαβάκης
name: Σπυρίδων Μακρής
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40604 Natural Hazards
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 130205 Humanities and Social Sciences Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Economics, Business and Management)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Ένα χαρακτηριστικό αυτών
των μεγάλων, σπάνιων, και δυναμικών εκδηλώσεων των καταστροφών, είναι η ταχέως εξελισσόμενη
πολυπλοκότητα που αντιμετωπίζουν τα άτομα που προσπαθούν να διαχειριστούν
αποτελεσματικά όλες τις οργανώσεις, τους ανθρώπους, τις δραστηριότητες και τα
καθήκοντα, τον εξοπλισμό και τις προμήθειες, τις επικοινωνίες καθώς και την
ασφάλεια και την υγεία όλων των εμπλεκομένων.

Η παρουσίαση
επικεντρώνεται στο σχεδιασμό ετοιμότητας των καταστροφών μεγάλης κλίμακας παρέχοντας
μια σειρά βιβλιογραφικών συστάσεων, σχετικά με το πώς θα μπορούσε να βελτιωθεί
η διαχείριση της υγείας και ασφάλειας του προσωπικού έκτακτης ανάγκης στον τόπο
της καταστροφής. Το θέμα αυτό έχει επισημανθεί από πολλούς ειδικούς και
αποτελεί ζήτημα αυξημένης προτεραιότητας, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη ότι οι εργαζόμενοι
εκτίθεται σε όλο και περισσότερους και σοβαρότερους κινδύνους καθώς έρχονται
αντιμέτωποι με τα καταστροφικά γεγονότα μεγαλύτερα τόσο σε αριθμό όσο και των
επιπτώσεών τους.
Attosecond time delay in the photoionization of Mn in the region of the $3p \rightarrow 3d$ giant resonance
Creators: name: Dolmatov, V. K.
name: Kheifets, A. S.
name: Deshmukh, P. C.
name: Manson, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial insight into time delay in Mn photoionization in the region of the $3p \to 3d$ giant autoionization resonance is gained in the framework of the "spin-polarized" random phase approximation with exchange. The dramatic effect of the giant autoionization resonance on time delay of photoemission from the $3d$ and $4s$ valence subshells of the Mn atom is unraveled. Strong sensitivity of the time delay of the $4s$ photoemission to the final-state term of the ion-remainder [${\rm Mn^{+}}(4s^{1},$$^{5}S)$ vs.~${\rm Mn^{+}}(4s^{1},$$^{7}S)$] is discovered. It is shown that photoionization time delay in the autoionizing resonance region is explicitly associated with the resonance lifetime, which can, thus, be directly measured in attosecond time delay experiments. Similar features are expected to emerge in photoionization time delays of other transition-metal and rare-earth atoms with half-filed subshells that possess giant autoionization resonances as well.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 49 references
High Cancer Burden among Antiretroviral Therapy Users in Malawi: A Record Linkage Study of Observational Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohorts and Cancer Registry Data
Creators: name: Bohlius, J.
name: Spoerri, A.
name: Tweya, H.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Tembo, P.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Nkhambule, F.
name: Chasimpha, S.
name: Horner, M.-J.
name: Gopal, S.
name: Dzamalala, C.
name: Malisita, K.
name: Olshan, A.F.
name: Phiri, E.M.
name: Phiri, S.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: Background: With antiretroviral therapy (ART), AIDS-defining cancer incidence has declined and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) are now more frequent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations in high-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, limited epidemiological data describe cancer burden among ART users. Methods: We used probabilistic algorithms to link cases from the population-based cancer registry with electronic medical records supporting ART delivery in Malawi's 2 largest HIV cohorts from 2000-2010. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates (IRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by cancer site, early vs late incidence periods (4-24 and >24 months after ART start), and World Health Organization (WHO) stage among naive ART initiators enrolled for at least 90 days. Results: We identified 4346 cancers among 28 576 persons. Most people initiated ART at advanced WHO stages 3 or 4 (60%); 12% of patients had prevalent malignancies at ART initiation, which were predominantly AIDS-defining eligibility criteria for initiating ART. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) had the highest IR (634.7 per 100 000 person-years) followed by cervical cancer (36.6). KS incidence was highest during the early period 4-24 months after ART initiation. NADCs accounted for 6% of new cancers. Conclusions: Under historical ART guidelines, NADCs were observed at low rates and were eclipsed by high KS and cervical cancer burden. Cancer burden among Malawian ART users does not yet mirror that in high-income countries. Integrated cancer screening and management in HIV clinics, especially for KS and cervical cancer, remain important priorities in the current Malawi context.
Moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces as Hurwitz spaces
Creators: name: Bianchi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P35, 55P62, 55R80, 57T25

description: We consider the moduli space $\mathfrak{M}_{g,n}$ of Riemann surfaces of genus $g\ge0$ with $n\ge1$ ordered and directed marked points. For $d\ge 2g+n-1$ we show that $\mathfrak{M}_{g,n}$ is homotopy equivalent to a component of the simplicial Hurwitz space $\mathrm{Hur}^Δ(\mathfrak{S}_d^{\mathrm{geo}})$ associated with the partially multiplicative quandle $\mathfrak{S}_d^{\mathrm{geo}}$. As an application, we give a new proof of the Mumford conjecture on the stable rational cohomology of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces. We also provide a combinatorial model for the infinite loop space $Ω^{\infty-2}\mathrm{MTSO}(2)$ of Hurwitz flavour.
description: 52 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Advances in Mathematics
Scalar coupling limits and diphoton Higgs decay from LHC in an $U(1)'$ model with scalar dark matter
Creators: name: Martinez, R.
name: Nisperuza, J.
name: Ochoa, F.
name: Rubio, J. P.
name: Sierra, C. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of an nonuniversal $U(1)'$ extension of the standard model free from anomalies, we introduce a complex scalar singlet candidate to be dark matter. In addition, an extra scalar doublet and a heavy scalar singlet are required to provide masses to all fermions and to break spontaneously the symmetries. From unitarity and stability of the Higgs potential, we find the full set of bounds and order relations for the scalar coupling constants. Using recent data from the CERN-LHC collider, we study the signal strenght of the diphoton Higgs decay $R_{γγ}$, which imposes very stringent bounds to the scalar couplings and other scalar parameters. We obtain constraints in different scenarios of the space of parameters, where decays into dark matter may or may not contribute according to the mass of the scalar dark matter candidate. By assuming that the lightest scalar boson of the model corresponds to the observed Higgs boson, we evaluate deviations from the SM of the trilineal Higgs self-coupling. The conditions from unitarity, stability and Higgs diphoton decay data allow trilineal deviations in the range $0 \leq δg \lesssim -72\%$.
description: Additional figures and analysis in new version
Exponential Random Simplicial Complexes
Creators: name: Zuev, Konstantin
name: Eisenberg, Or
name: Krioukov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exponential random graph models have attracted significant research attention over the past decades. These models are maximum-entropy ensembles under the constraints that the expected values of a set of graph observables are equal to given values. Here we extend these maximum-entropy ensembles to random simplicial complexes, which are more adequate and versatile constructions to model complex systems in many applications. We show that many random simplicial complex models considered in the literature can be casted as maximum-entropy ensembles under certain constraints. We introduce and analyze the most general random simplicial complex ensemble $\mathbfΔ$ with statistically independent simplices. Our analysis is simplified by the observation that any distribution $\mathbb{P}(O)$ on any collection of objects $\mathcal{O}=\{O\}$, including graphs and simplicial complexes, is maximum-entropy under the constraint that the expected value of $-\ln \mathbb{P}(O)$ is equal to the entropy of the distribution. With the help of this observation, we prove that ensemble $\mathbfΔ$ is maximum-entropy under two types of constraints that fix the expected numbers of simplices and their boundaries.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Arithmetic statistics for the Fine Selmer group in Iwasawa theory
Creators: name: Ray, Anwesh
name: Sujatha, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05, 11R23 (Primary) 11R45 (Secondary)

description: We study arithmetic statistics for Iwasawa invariants for fine Selmer groups associated to elliptic curves.
description: Version 2: Very minor changes following referee reports; accepted for publication in Research in Number theory
Robust Adaptive Quantum Phase Estimation
Creators: name: Roy, Shibdas
name: Petersen, Ian R.
name: Huntington, Elanor H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Quantum parameter estimation is central to many fields such as quantum computation, communications and metrology. Optimal estimation theory has been instrumental in achieving the best accuracy in quantum parameter estimation, which is possible when we have very precise knowledge of and control over the model. However, uncertainties in key parameters underlying the system are unavoidable and may impact the quality of the estimate. We show here how quantum optical phase estimation of a squeezed state of light exhibits improvement when using a robust fixed-interval smoother designed with uncertainties explicitly introduced in parameters underlying the phase noise.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, Journal version (accepted)
Last-Iterate Convergence of Saddle-Point Optimizers via High-Resolution Differential Equations
Creators: name: Chavdarova, Tatjana
name: Jordan, Michael I.
name: Zampetakis, Manolis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Several widely-used first-order saddle-point optimization methods yield an identical continuous-time ordinary differential equation (ODE) that is identical to that of the Gradient Descent Ascent (GDA) method when derived naively. However, the convergence properties of these methods are qualitatively different, even on simple bilinear games. Thus the ODE perspective, which has proved powerful in analyzing single-objective optimization methods, has not played a similar role in saddle-point optimization. We adopt a framework studied in fluid dynamics -- known as High-Resolution Differential Equations (HRDEs) -- to design differential equation models for several saddle-point optimization methods. Critically, these HRDEs are distinct for various saddle-point optimization methods. Moreover, in bilinear games, the convergence properties of the HRDEs match the qualitative features of the corresponding discrete methods. Additionally, we show that the HRDE of Optimistic Gradient Descent Ascent (OGDA) exhibits \emph{last-iterate convergence} for general monotone variational inequalities. Finally, we provide rates of convergence for the \emph{best-iterate convergence} of the OGDA method, relying solely on the first-order smoothness of the monotone operator.
Scale-dependent non-Gaussianity and the CMB Power Asymmetry
Creators: name: Byrnes, Christian T.
name: Tarrant, Ewan R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an alternative parametrisation for the scale dependence of the non-linearity parameter $f_{\rm NL}$ in quasi-local models of non-Gaussianity. Our parametrisation remains valid when $f_{\rm NL}$ changes sign, unlike the commonly adopted power law ansatz $f_{\rm NL}(k) \propto k^{ n_{f_{\rm NL}} }$. We motivate our alternative parametrisation by appealing to the self-interacting curvaton scenario, and as an application, we apply it to the CMB power asymmetry. Explaining the power asymmetry requires a strongly scale dependent non-Gaussianity. We show that regimes of model parameter space where $f_{\rm NL}$ is strongly scale dependent are typically associated with a large $g_{\rm NL}$ and quadrupolar power asymmetry, which can be ruled out by existing observational constraints.
description: 21 pages. Comments welcome. v2: Minor changes and corrections to match the published version
VIDEO. Cum se recoltează corect soia. Recomandările experților germani
Creators: name: Crivoi, Luminita
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Specialiști germani cu experiență vastă în domeniul cultivării culturii de soia oferă detalii privind recoltarea boabelor de soia: de la stabilirea momentului optim de recoltare până la reglarea combinei și a dispozitivelor necesare în procesul de recoltare. Promotion of Legumes Translated video in Romania.
description: https://agrobiznes.md/cum-se-recolteaza-corect-soia-recomandarile-expertilor-germani.html?fbclid=IwAR3zOWjkXlM4zUhJS1anX0RbxMKCK4UL0KHri4bilnys6Otb9ReLpgFEfQs
Υγεία και Ασφάλεια του Προσωπικού Έκτακτης Ανάγκης σε μια Καταστροφή Μεγάλης Κλίμακας.Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο "Υγεία και Ασφάλεια στην Εργασία & Πολιτική Προστασία", Αθήνα 14-15 Οκτωβρίου 2016
Creators: name: Καραμάνου, Ασπασία
name: Ιωάννα Τσούπρα
name: Ευστράτιος Δαβάκης
name: Σπυρίδων Μακρής
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40604 Natural Hazards
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 130205 Humanities and Social Sciences Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Economics, Business and Management)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Ένα χαρακτηριστικό αυτών
των μεγάλων, σπάνιων, και δυναμικών εκδηλώσεων των καταστροφών, είναι η ταχέως εξελισσόμενη
πολυπλοκότητα που αντιμετωπίζουν τα άτομα που προσπαθούν να διαχειριστούν
αποτελεσματικά όλες τις οργανώσεις, τους ανθρώπους, τις δραστηριότητες και τα
καθήκοντα, τον εξοπλισμό και τις προμήθειες, τις επικοινωνίες καθώς και την
ασφάλεια και την υγεία όλων των εμπλεκομένων.

Η παρουσίαση
επικεντρώνεται στο σχεδιασμό ετοιμότητας των καταστροφών μεγάλης κλίμακας παρέχοντας
μια σειρά βιβλιογραφικών συστάσεων, σχετικά με το πώς θα μπορούσε να βελτιωθεί
η διαχείριση της υγείας και ασφάλειας του προσωπικού έκτακτης ανάγκης στον τόπο
της καταστροφής. Το θέμα αυτό έχει επισημανθεί από πολλούς ειδικούς και
αποτελεί ζήτημα αυξημένης προτεραιότητας, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη ότι οι εργαζόμενοι
εκτίθεται σε όλο και περισσότερους και σοβαρότερους κινδύνους καθώς έρχονται
αντιμέτωποι με τα καταστροφικά γεγονότα μεγαλύτερα τόσο σε αριθμό όσο και των
επιπτώσεών τους.
A classification of combinatorial types of discriminantal arrangements
Creators: name: Yamagata, So
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C35 05B35

description: Manin and Schechtman introduced a family of arrangements of hyperplanes generalizing classical braid arrangements, which they called the $\textit{discriminantal arrangements}$. Athanasiadis proved a conjecture by Bayer and Brandt providing a full description of the combinatorics of discriminantal arrangements in the case of $\textit{very generic}$ arrangements. Libgober and Settepanella described a sufficient geometric condition for given arrangements to be $\textit{non very generic}$ in terms of the notion of dependency for a certain arrangement. Settepanella and the author generalized the notion of dependency introducing $r$-sets and $K_\mathbb{T}$-vector sets, and provided a sufficient condition for non very genericity but still not convenient to verify by hand. In this paper we give a classification of the $r$-sets, and a more explicit and tractable condition for non very genericity.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Censoring for loss to follow-up in time-to-event analyses of composite outcomes or in the presence of competing risks
Creators: name: Lau, B.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Lesko, C.R.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2019

description: Background: In time-to-event analyses, there is limited guidance on when persons who are lost to follow-up (LTFU) should be censored. Methods: We simulated bias in risk estimates for: (1) a composite event of measured (outcome only observable in a patient encounter) and captured events (outcome observable outside a patient encounter); and a (2) measured or (3) captured event in the presence of a competing event of the other type, under three censoring strategies: (i) censor at the last study encounter; (ii) censor when LTFU definition is met; and (iii) a new, hybrid censoring strategy. We demonstrate the real-world impact of this decision by estimating: (1) time to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis or death, (2) time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and (3) time to death before ART initiation among adults engaged in HIV care. Results: For (1) our hybrid censoring strategy was least biased. In our example, 5-year risk of AIDS or death was overestimated using last-encounter censoring (25%) and under-estimated using LTFU-definition censoring (21%), compared with results from our hybrid approach (24%). Last-encounter censoring was least biased for (2). When estimating 5-year risk of ART initiation, LTFU-definition censoring underestimated risk (80% vs. 85% using last-encounter censoring). LTFU-definition censoring was least biased for (3). When estimating 5-year risk of death before ART initiation, last-encounter censoring overestimated risk (5.2% vs. 4.7% using LTFU-definition censoring). Conclusions: The least biased censoring strategy for time-to-event analyses in the presence of LTFU depends on the event and estimand of interest.
Initial Energy of a Spatially Flat Universe -- a Hint of its Possible Origin
Creators: name: Melia, Fulvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evidence for a Big Bang origin of the Universe is truly compelling, though its cause remains a complete mystery. As the cosmic spacetime is revealed to us with ever improving detail, however, we are beginning to refine the range of its possible initial conditions -- at least within the framework of current physical theories. The Universe, it seems, is spatially flat, and here we discuss in clear, straightforward terms why this trait implies a cosmos with zero kinetic plus gravitational energy, though apparently not zero total energy. Such an outcome has far reaching consequences because of the possibility that the Universe may have begun its existence as a quantum fluctuation. Was this from `nothing,' or perhaps a pre-existing vacuum? A non-zero total energy would seemingly preclude the former scenario, but not necessarily the latter, though this would then raise the question of how a fluctuation with non-zero energy could have lived long enough, or classicalized, for us to see it 13.5 billion years later. The high-precision measurement of the Universe's spatial curvature may thus constitute the first tangible piece of evidence impacting a possible quantum beginning.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten / Astronomical Notes
Random Sampling of Quantum States: A Survey of Methods
Creators: name: Maziero, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The numerical generation of random quantum states (RQS) is an important procedure for investigations in quantum information science. Here we review some methods that may be used for performing that task. We start by presenting a simple procedure for generating random state vectors, for which the main tool is the random sampling of unbiased discrete probability distributions (DPD). Afterwards the creation of random density matrices is addressed. In this context we first present the standard method, which consists in using the spectral decomposition of a quantum state for getting RQS from random DPDs and random unitary matrices. In the sequence the Bloch vector parametrization method is described. This approach, despite being useful in several instances, is not in general convenient for RQS generation. In the last part of the article we regard the overparametrized method (OPM) and the related Ginibre and Bures techniques. The OPM can be used to create random positive semidefinite matrices with unit trace from randomly produced general complex matrices in a simple way that is friendly for numerical implementations. We consider a physically relevant issue related to the possible domains that may be used for the real and imaginary parts of the elements of such general complex matrices. Subsequently a too fast concentration of measure in the quantum state space that appears in this parametrization is noticed.
description: One reference added
Estimating hidden population sizes with venue-based sampling: Extensions of the generalized network scale-up estimator
Creators: name: Verdery, A.M.
name: Reynolds, Z.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Mulholland, G.
name: Weir, S.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2019

description: Background: Researchers use a variety of population size estimation methods to determine the sizes of key populations at elevated risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), an important step in quantifying epidemic impact, advocating for high-risk groups, and planning, implementing, and monitoring prevention, care, and treatment programs. Conventional procedures often use information about sample respondents' social network contacts to estimate the sizes of key populations of interest. A recent study proposes a generalized network scale-up method that combines two samples - a traditional sample of the general population and a link-tracing sample of the hidden population - and produces more accurate results with fewer assumptions than conventional approaches. Methods: We extended the generalized network scale-up method from link-tracing samples to samples collected with venue-based sampling designs popular in sampling key populations at risk of HIV. Our method obviates the need for a traditional sample of the general population, as long as the size of the venue-attending population is approximately known. We tested the venue-based generalized network scale-up method in a comprehensive simulation evaluation framework. Results: The venue-based generalized network scale-up method provided accurate and efficient estimates of key population sizes, even when few members of the key population were sampled, yielding average biases below ±6% except when false-positive reporting error is high. It relies on limited assumptions and, in our tests, was robust to numerous threats to inference. Conclusions: Key population size estimation is vital to the successful implementation of efforts to combat HIV/AIDS. Venue-based network scale-up approaches offer another tool that researchers and policymakers can apply to these problems.
Public good diffusion limits microbial mutualism
Creators: name: Menon, Rajita
name: Korolev, Kirill S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard game theory cannot describe microbial interactions mediated by diffusible molecules. Nevertheless, we show that one can still model microbial dynamics using game theory with parameters renormalized by diffusion. Contrary to expectations, greater sharing of metabolites reduces the strength of cooperation and leads to species extinction via a nonequilibrium phase transition. We report analytic results for the critical diffusivity and the length scale of species intermixing. We also show that fitness nonlinearities suppress mutualism and favor the species producing slower nutrients.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Policeman in Barkhor Police Station showing the Tibetan National Flag from a demonstration, captured from a monk shot dead by the police in the background, Lhasa, 1988
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Police brutality
Human rights
Tibetans

description: Photograph of a policeman in the Barkhor Police Station showing the Tibetan National Flag from a demonstration, captured from a monk shot dead by the police, who can be seen in the background.
Polynomial Functors and Shannon Entropy
Creators: name: Spivak, David I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Past work shows that one can associate a notion of Shannon entropy to a Dirichlet polynomial, regarded as an empirical distribution. Indeed, entropy can be extracted from any d:Dir by a two-step process, where the first step is a rig homomorphism out of Dir, the *set* of Dirichlet polynomials, with rig structure given by standard addition and multiplication. In this short note, we show that this rig homomorphism can be upgraded to a rig *functor*, when we replace the set of Dirichlet polynomials by the *category* of ordinary (Cartesian) polynomials. In the Cartesian case, the process has three steps. The first step is a rig functor PolyCart -> Poly sending a polynomial p to (dp)y, where dp is the derivative of p. The second is a rig functor Poly -> Set x Set^op, sending a polynomial q to the pair (q(1),Gamma(q)), where Gamma(q)=Poly(q,y) can be interpreted as the global sections of q viewed as a bundle, and q(1) as its base. To make this precise we define what appears to be a new distributive monoidal structure on Set x Set^op, which can be understood geometrically in terms of rectangles. The last step, as for Dirichlet polynomials, is simply to extract the entropy as a real number from a pair of sets (A,B); it is given by log A - log B^(1/A) and can be thought of as the log aspect ratio of the rectangle.
description: In Proceedings ACT 2022, arXiv:2307.15519
Static magnetic proximity effect in Pt/NiFe2O4 and Pt/Fe bilayers investigated by x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity
Creators: name: Kuschel, Timo
name: Klewe, Christoph
name: Schmalhorst, Jan-Michael
name: Bertram, Florian
name: Schuckmann, Olga
name: Schemme, Tobias
name: Wollschläger, Joachim
name: Francoual, Sonia
name: Strempfer, Jörg
name: Gupta, Arunava
name: Meinert, Markus
name: Götz, Gerhard
name: Meier, Daniel
name: Reiss, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin polarization of Pt in Pt/NiFe2O4 and Pt/Fe bilayers is studied by interface-sensitive x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity to investigate static magnetic proximity effects. The asymmetry ratio of the reflectivity was measured at the Pt L3 absorption edge using circular polarized x-rays for opposite directions of the magnetization at room temperature. The results of the 2% asymmetry ratio for Pt/Fe bilayers are independent of the Pt thickness between 1.8 and 20 nm. By comparison with ab initio calculations, the maximum magnetic moment per spin polarized Pt atom at the interface is determined to be $(0.6\pm0.1)\,μ_{B}$ for Pt/Fe. For Pt/NiFe2O4 the asymmetry ratio drops below the sensitivity limit of $0.02\,μ_{B}$ per Pt atom. Therefore, we conclude, that the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect recently observed in Pt/NiFe2O4 is not influenced by a proximity induced anomalous Nernst effect.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Indexação de livros académicos e científicos: o caso da UMinho Editora
Creators: name: Marques, Carla
name: Rodrigues, Eloy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão O meu Póster em 40 segundos da 13ª Conferência Lusófona de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 10 a 12 de outubro de 2022.
Stackelberg Strategic Guidance for Heterogeneous Robots Collaboration
Creators: name: Zhao, Yuhan
name: Huang, Baichuan
name: Yu, Jingjin
name: Zhu, Quanyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study, we explore the application of game theory, in particular Stackelberg games, to address the issue of effective coordination strategy generation for heterogeneous robots with one-way communication. To that end, focusing on the task of multi-object rearrangement, we develop a theoretical and algorithmic framework that provides strategic guidance for a pair of robot arms, a leader and a follower where the leader has a model of the follower's decision-making process, through the computation of a feedback Stackelberg equilibrium. With built-in tolerance of model uncertainty, the strategic guidance generated by our planning algorithm not only improves the overall efficiency in solving the rearrangement tasks, but is also robust to common pitfalls in collaboration, e.g., chattering.
Quench dynamics and parity blocking in Majorana wires
Creators: name: Hegde, Suraj
name: Shivamoggi, Vasudha
name: Vishveshwara, Smitha
name: Sen, Diptiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically explore quench dynamics in a finite-sized topological fermionic p-wave superconducting wire with the goal of demonstrating that topological order can have marked effects on such non-equilibrium dynamics. In the case studied here, topological order is reflected in the presence of two (nearly) isolated Majorana fermionic end bound modes together forming an electronic state that can be occupied or not, leading to two (nearly) degenerate ground states characterized by fermion parity. Our study begins with a characterization of the static properties of the finite-sized wire, including the behavior of the Majorana end modes and the form of the tunnel coupling between them; a transfer matrix approach to analytically determine the locations of the zero energy contours where this coupling vanishes; and a Pfaffian approach to map the ground state parity in the associated phase diagram. We next study the quench dynamics resulting from initializing the system in a topological ground state and then dynamically tuning one of the parameters of the Hamiltonian. For this, we develop a dynamic quantum many-body technique that invokes a Wick's theorem for Majorana fermions, vastly reducing the numerical effort given the exponentially large Hilbert space. We investigate the salient and detailed features of two dynamic quantities - the overlap between the time-evolved state and the instantaneous ground state (adiabatic fidelity) and the residual energy. When the parity of the instantaneous ground state flips successively with time, we find that the time-evolved state can dramatically switch back and forth between this state and an excited state even when the quenching is very slow, a phenomenon that we term "parity blocking". This parity blocking becomes prominently manifest as non-analytic jumps as a function of time in both dynamic quantities.
An elegant proof of self-testing for multipartite Bell inequalities
Creators: name: Panwar, Ekta
name: Pandya, Palash
name: Wieśniak, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The predictions of quantum theory are incompatible with local-causal explanations. This phenomenon is called Bell non-locality and is witnessed by violation of Bell-inequalities. The maximal violation of certain Bell-inequalities can only be attained in an essentially unique manner. This feature is referred to as self-testing and constitutes the most accurate form of certification of quantum devices. While self-testing in bipartite Bell scenarios has been thoroughly studied, self-testing in the more complex multipartite Bell scenarios remains largely unexplored. This work presents a simple and broadly applicable self-testing argument for N-partite correlation Bell inequalities with two binary outcome observables per party. Our proof technique forms a generalization of the Mayer-Yao formulation and is not restricted to linear Bell-inequalities, unlike the usual sum of squares method. To showcase the versatility of our proof technique, we obtain self-testing statements for N party Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko (MABK) and Werner-Wolf-Weinfurter-Żukowski-Brukner (WWWŻB) family of linear Bell inequalities, and Uffink's family of N party quadratic Bell-inequalities.
description: First draft, comments are welcome
Nonparametric estimation of the cumulative incidence function under outcome misclassification using external validation data
Creators: name: Yiannoutsos, C.T.
name: Mburu, M.W.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Bakoyannis, G.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Misclassification of outcomes or event types is common in health sciences research and can lead to serious bias when estimating the cumulative incidence functions in settings with competing risks. Recent work has shown how to estimate nonparametric cumulative incidence functions in the presence of nondifferential outcome misclassification when the misclassification probabilities are known. Here, we extend this approach to account for misclassification that is differential with respect to important predictors of the outcome using misclassification probabilities estimated from external validation data. Moreover, we propose a bootstrap approach in which the observations from both the main study data and the external validation study are resampled to allow the uncertainty in the misclassification probabilities to propagate through the analysis into the final confidence intervals, ensuring appropriate confidence interval coverage probabilities. The proposed estimator is shown to be uniformly consistent and simulation studies indicate that both the estimator and the standard error estimation approach perform well in finite samples. The methodology is applied to estimate the cumulative incidence of death and disengagement from HIV care in a large cohort of HIV infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa, where a significant death underreporting issue leads to outcome misclassification. This analysis uses external validation data from a separate study conducted in the same country.
Marijuana trajectories and associations with driving risk behaviors in Canadian youth
Creators: name: Paweena Sukhawathanakul
name: Thompson, Kara
name: Brubacher, Jeff
name: Leadbeater, Bonnie
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: Research on risky driving practices involving marijuana use among youth and young adults often relies on cross-sectional data, which fail to account for longitudinal changes in substance use patterns. A better understanding of the longitudinal patterns of marijuana use and its effect on risky driving practices during young adulthood is needed in order to better inform prevention efforts. The current study examined whether different longitudinal patterns of marijuana use across the transition from adolescence to young adulthood are associated with impaired driving risks in young adulthood. Methods: Data were from the longitudinal Victoria Healthy Youth Survey, which interviewed youth biennially on 6 occasions across 10 years (2003 to 2013). Results: Youth who reported consistently high levels of marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood (chronic users) and youth who reported increasing levels of use across this period (increasers) were more likely to engage in risky impaired driving behaviors compared to the other 3 user groups (occasional users, decreasers, and abstainers). Frequency of marijuana use was also predictive of impaired driving risks in young adulthood after controlling for individual characteristics (age, sex, socioeconomic status, age of onset of marijuana use), frequency of other substance use (heavy episodic drinking and illicit drug use), and simultaneous use of marijuana and other substances (alcohol and illicit drugs). By young adulthood, youth who use marijuana more than once a week are more likely to simultaneously use alcohol and engage in heavy episodic drinking. They are also more likely take driving risks. Conclusions: Harm reduction strategies and legislative approaches targeting impaired driving risks associated with marijuana use should include approaches to target these high-risk groups and to reduce simultaneous use of alcohol.
Kasus Pelanggaran Pernikahan Satu Marga dalam Adat Batak Angkola
Creators: name: Gita angraini siregar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Pernikahan satu marga merupakan isu kompleks yang melibatkan aspek hukum, budaya, dan sosial. Penanganan kasus ini membutuhkan pendekatan yang komprehensif dan mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor yang relevan. Solusi yang terbaik adalah solusi yang dapat diterima oleh semua pihak dan tidak melanggar hukum maupun norma yang berlaku.
Quantum Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Through Loop Quadratic Contributions
Creators: name: Bai, Dong
name: Cui, Jian-Wei
name: Wu, Yue-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on two postulations that (i) the Higgs boson has a large bare mass $m_H \gg m_h \simeq 125 $ GeV at the characteristic energy scale $M_c$ which defines the standard model (SM) in the ultraviolet region, and (ii) quadratic contributions of Feynman loop diagrams in quantum field theories are physically meaningful, we show that the SM electroweak symmetry breaking is induced by the quadratic contributions from loop effects. As the quadratic running of Higgs mass parameter leads to an additive renormalization, which distinguishes from the logarithmic running with a multiplicative renormalization, the symmetry breaking occurs once the sliding energy scale $μ$ moves from $M_c$ down to a transition scale $μ=Λ_{EW}$ at which the additive renormalized Higgs mass parameter $m^2_H(M_c/μ)$ gets to change the sign. With the input of current experimental data, this symmetry breaking energy scale is found to be $Λ_{EW}\simeq 760$ GeV, which provides another basic energy scale for the SM besides $M_c$. Studying such a symmetry breaking mechanism could play an important role in understanding both the hierarchy problem and naturalness problem. It also provides a possible way to explore the experimental implications of the quadratic contributions as $Λ_{EW}$ lies within the probing reach of the LHC and the future Great Collider.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, published version
IMPACTS OF EXTRAMARITAL AFFAIRS: LESSONS FOR SOCIAL WORKERS AND CHILD RIGHTS ADVOCATES
Creators: name: Yahya Muhammed Bah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: extramarital, sex, infidelity, impacts.

description: Abstract: Apparently, extramarital affair is occurring in all communities with substantial negative socio-economic and political consequences both on the couples, children and the neighborhoods and deserves urgent attention to address it. The rationale for the systematic literature review is to interrogate the impacts of the phenomenon, share knowledge to spark and inspire processes that will command rapid growth from all directions. A systematic review of the literatures using information collected from different sources was actuated. Google search engine and others were used to search for articles. Only peer-reviewed articles published after 2000 were selected except extracts of fundamental mileage. However, articles published by staunch international organizations working in the area for years and produced indefatigable knowledge were stealthily appraised.

The study revealed that the impacts are numerous and entail: pressure on public institutions, abandoning the family, hatred and enmity, divorce and separation, anger and violent behaviors, mental instability, sexual dysfunctions, scapegoating children, low productivity and financial losses, posttraumatic stress disorders, transmission of diseases, conflict in the family, illegitimate children, depression and anxiety, living in guilt and shame; and personal growth.
سرمایه اجتماعی به مثابه بسترِ زیست پایدار در میان ساکنان مسکن مهر (مورد مطالعه: مسکن مهر بهاران سنندج)
Publisher: name: دانشگاه کردستان
Year: 2022

description: یکی از متغیرهای مهم کیفیت زندگی در میان ساکنان یک جامعه، سرمایه اجتماعی است، این سازه تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلف دچار فرسایش یا افزایش خواهد شد. مسکن یکی از ابعاد مهم کیفیت زندگی است که می توان زیستِ ساکنان آنرا بر حسب میزان سرمایه اجتماعی مورد سنجش قرار داد. مسئله پژوهش حاضر، ارتباط میان عوامل نرم زیست (جامعه شناختی) با وضعیت سرمایه اجتماعی در بین ساکنان مسکن مهر بهاران شهر سنندج است. متغیرهای عمده پژوهش بر اساس چارچوب نظری پاتنام، بوردیو، فوکویاما و کلمن صورت بندی شده است و به لحاظ روش شناسی این پژوهش در سنت کمی و براساس روش پیمایش صورت پذیرفته و از ابزارِ پرسشنامه برای گردآوری داده ها استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی خانوارهای ساکن در واحدهای مسکونی مسکن مهر شهر سنندج در سال 1399 است و تعیین حجم نمونه براساس فرمول کوکران و شیوه نمونه گیری نیز به صورت دو مرحله ای ابتدا نمونه گیری خوشه ای و سپس نمونه گیری تصادفی انجام شد که بر اساس آن 420 نفر افراد بالای 18 سال انتخاب شدند. صحت داده ها با استفاده از تکنیک های اعتبار صوری و آلفای کرونباخ مورد تأیید قرار گفت و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری(اس.پی.اس.اس.ور23) انجام شد. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که بین‎ متغیرهای ‎سطح‎ ‎فرهنگآپارتمان نشینی، درجه روابط همسایگی، سطح آشنایی با محیط اجتماعی، رضایت از محل سکونت، دسترسی به امکانات و کیفیت خدمات شهری و زیرساخت‎ها و متغیرهای‎ ‎زمینه ای‎ ‎‏(سابقه سکونت، درآمد و وضعیت تأهل) با ‎سرمایه‎ ‎اجتماعی‎ ‎ساکنان مسکن مهر رابطه مثبت و معنی داری وجود دارد. نتایج حاصل از آماره نشان داد که بین متغیرهای روابط اجتماعی، نوع سکونت و متغیرهای زمینه ای (سن، جنسیت، شغل، تحصیلات) با سرمایه اجتماعی ساکنان رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره نیز حاکی از آنست که متغیرهای فرهنگ آپارتمان نشینی، روابط همسایگی و سطح ‏آشنایی بر سرمایه اجتماعی ‏ساکنان مسکن مهر تاثیرگذار بوده و حدود 32 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته را توضیح تبیین نموده اند
Postcard of photograph published in the Hainan Review of Armoured Personnel Carriers on patrol with Potala Palace in background, Lhasa, 1989
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Militarization of police
Mass media policy
Tibetans

description: Postcard by Tibet Image Bank of photograph published in Hainan Review of Armoured Personnel Carriers on patrol in main street of Tibetan quarter in Lhasa.
Spin-density-wave order controlled by uniaxial stress in CeAuSb$_2$
Creators: name: Waite, R.
name: Orlandi, F.
name: Sokolov, D. A.
name: Ribeiro, R. A.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Manuel, P.
name: Khalyavin, D. D.
name: Hicks, C. W.
name: Hayden, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tetragonal heavy-fermion compound CeAuSb$_2$ (space group $P4/nmm$) exhibits incommensurate spin density wave (SDW) order below $T_{N}\approx6.5~K$ with the propagation vector $\mathbf{q}_A = (δ_A,δ_A,1/2)$. The application of uniaxial stress along the [010] direction induces a sudden change in the resistivity ratio $ρ_a/ρ_b$ at a compressive strain of $ε\approx -0.5$\%. Here we use neutron scattering to show that the uniaxial stress induces a first-order transition to a SDW state with a different propagation vector $(0,δ_B,1/2)$ with $δ_B=0.25$. The magnetic structure of the new (B) phase consists of Ce layers with ordered moments alternating with layers with zero moment stacked along the $c$-axis. The ordered layers have an up-up-down-down configuration along the $b$-axis. This is an unusual situation in which the loss of spatial inversion is driven by the magnetic order. We argue that the change in SDW wavevector leads to Fermi surface reconstruction and a concomitant change in the transport properties.
description: Final author version