cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
judäischer Vermessungsingenieur am Werk?
Creators: name: Höpken, Constanze
name: Scholz, Markus
Publisher: name: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Year: 2021

description: Das aus massiver Kupferlegierung bestehende Lot wurde in einem antiken Rheinarm gefunden, der eine vorgelagerte Insel von der Stadt CCAA / Köln trennte. Der Schichtkontext deutet auf eine Ablagerung des Objekts um die Mitte oder in der zweiten Hälfte des 2. Jahrhunderts hin. Die punktierte Inschrift weist antike Fehler auf und kann deshalb auf verschiedene Weise gelesen und ergänzt werden. Eine mögliche Lesung lautet: > (centuria) Iud(a)e{a}ii / Leuboni oder Leuboni(s) – »aus der Zenturie des Iudaeius (»des Judäischen«), (Geschenk für den oder Besitz des Soldaten) Leubo«. Sollte sie zutreffen, bliebe offen, ob es sich bei Iudaeius um eine Eigen- oder Fremdbezeichnung handelt. Einen verbindlichen Rückschluss auf einen Juden lässt der Name nicht zu, weil er auch als reiner Herkunftsname mit der Bedeutung »aus Judäa« interpretiert werden kann. Gleichwohl wird diese Besitzerinschrift künftig bei der Diskussion um die ältesten jüdischen Zeugnisse nördlich der Alpen zu berücksichtigen sein.
description: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, Bd. 50 Nr. 4 (2020): Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Multiwavelength Study of X-ray Selected Star Forming Galaxies within the Chandra Deep Field South
Creators: name: Rosa-Gonzalez, Daniel
name: Burgarella, Denis
name: Nandra, Kirpal
name: Kunth, Daniel
name: Terlevich, Elena
name: Terlevich, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have combined multi-wavelength observations of a selected sample of starforming galaxies with galaxy evolution models in order to compare the results obtained for different SFR tracers and to study the effect that the evolution of the starforming regions has on them. We also aimed at obtaining a better understanding of the corrections due to extinction and nuclear activity on the derivation of the SFR. We selected the sample from Chandra data for the well studied region Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) and chose the objects that also have UV and IR data from GALEX and GOODS-Spitzer respectively. Our main finding is that there is good agreement between the extinction corrected SFR(UV) and the SFR(X), and we confirm the use of X-ray luminosities as a trustful tracer of recent star formation activity. Nevertheless, at SFR(UV) larger than about 5Msol/year there are several galaxies with an excess of SFR(X) suggesting the presence of an obscured AGN not detected in the optical spectra. We conclude that the IR luminosity is driven by recent star formation even in those galaxies where the SFR(X) is an order of magnitude higher than the SFR(UV) and therefore may harbour an AGN. One object shows SFR(X) much lower than expected based on the SFR(UV); this SFR(X) `deficit' may be due to an early transient phase before most of the massive X-ray binaries were formed. An X-ray deficit could be used to select extremely young bursts in an early phase just after the explosion of the first supernovae associated with massive stars and before the onset of massive X-ray binaries.
description: Accepted by MNRAS 2007 May 7
Size-assortative mating in threespine sticklebacks from two sites on the Salmon River, British Columbia
Creators: name: Borland, Marjory
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Size-assortative mating was studied in freshwater Gasterosteus aculeatus from two sites on the Salmon River, British Columbia. In the upper river females tend to be larger than males but in the lower river females are generally smaller than males. Male size is similar in both areas. The hypothesis tested was that female size influences male mate choice. Freshwater males from the two areas showed a pronounced difference in mate preference with respect to female size. In choice tests, males from the upper river favour females larger than themselves, whereas lower river males favour females smaller than themselves. Differences in courtship behaviour also exist between males from the two sites. After an initial assessment period, the relative frequencies and occurrence of some male behaviour patterns are strongly associated with either the relative size or genetic type of the female. Other behaviours are independent of the size or type of female courted. Lower Salmon males appear to be constrained from choosing larger, and therefore more fecund, females by the presence during the breeding season of the marine form of threespine stickleback. The marine form of G. Aculeatus is anadromous and as adults are adapted to a pelagic, marine existence. They represent a discrete and different gene-pool from the freshwater form. Females of the marine form are consistently the largest stickleback females encountered in the lower river. Lower Salmon males clearly distinguish between marine and freshwater females and to some extent this discrimination is related to female size. The absence of this constraint in the upper river allows upper river males to increase their reproductive potential by preferentially mating with the largest and most fecund females in their area.
Additional file 3 of Protein signature of human skin fibroblasts allows the study of the molecular etiology of rare neurological diseases
Creators: name: Hentschel, Andreas
name: Czech, Artur
name: Münchberg, Ute
name: Freier, Erik
name: Schara-Schmidt, Ulrike
name: Sickmann, Albert
name: Reimann, Jens
name: Roos, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table 3. List of proteins affected by bi-allelic c.762delC AAAS mutation in whole protein extracts of human skin fibroblasts identified by global proteomic profiling: 228 proteins were found to be increased whereas 156 were decreased in the nuclear fractions of patient-derived cells. For each protein, the predicted function as well as the subcellular localization ( www.uniprot.org ) is provided.
Enigmatic Iron Age Wooden Artefact Discovered on the Col Collon (3068 m a. s. l., Evolène, Ct. Valais / CH)
Creators: name: Curdy, Philippe
name: Nicod, Pierre-Yves
name: Ferrini, Mauro
Publisher: name: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Year: 2021

description: For several years, as a consequence of global warming, there has been an increase of discoveries related to glacial archaeology, in particular in the Alpine massif. This article presents a wooden artefact dated to the last two centuries BC, found at an altitude of 3000 m on the Haut Glacier d’Arolla, near the Italian-Swiss border. This object represents a schematic full-length human figure, with no arms, resting on a shaft ending in a blunted point. In stylistic terms, the wooden statues of the Celtic world can serve as a reference, however, as far as function is concerned, this piece finds comparisons in utensils and tools like distaffs, weaver knives or miniature swords. In conjunction with other wooden objects discovered on the Col Collon and other central-western Alpine passage routes, these artefacts all bear witness to the exchanges and goods circulation between Southern and Northern Europe in pre- and protohistorical eras. This object, which was transmitted to scientists 20 years after its dicovery, is emblematic of glacial archaeology in that most finds are being made by non-professionals. Today, in the Alpine region, there is a true urgency to coordinate efforts among archaeological and heritage institutions, and to involve non-archaeologists in the localisation, gathering and preservation of these fragile vestiges.
description: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, Bd. 50 Nr. 4 (2020): Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Edissa steinerae Mound 1999
Creators: name: Zhang, Shimeng
name: Wang, Zhaohong
name: Li, Yajin
name: Mound, Laurence
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Thysanoptera
Thripidae
Edissa
Edissa steinerae

description: Edissa steinerae Mound
(Fig. 11)
The genus Edissa is a member Of the subfamily DendrOthripinae, and is particularly unusual within that grOup in being assOciated with the leaves Of POaceae rather than with brOad leaved plants. The genus cOmprises twO species, Of which One is knOwn Only frOm SOuth Africa. HOwever, the secOnd species, steinerae, was described frOm the rainfOrest area Of nOrth eastern Australia and alsO recOrded frOm Thailand and the BOnin Islands Of Japan (MOund 1999). Here it is recOrded frOm a similar ecOlOgical area in sOuthern China, and is thus anOther example Of the relatiOnship Of the thrips fauna Of nOrthern Australia tO that Of sOutheast Asia. This is a pale yellOw species with very slender wings, and withOut prOminent setae, but with a dark area On the anteriOr margin Of the head (Fig. 11). It is unusual amOngst the DendrOthripinae in having 7-segmented antennae with simple sense cOnes in segments III and IV.
New recOrds: China, Guangdong, Beitan, Zhanjiang City, 2 females frOm grass, 15.i.2015 (ZhaOhOng Wang), in SCAU.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Shimeng, Wang, Zhaohong, Li, Yajin & Mound, Laurence, 2018, One new species, two generic synonyms and eight new records of Thripidae from China (Thysanoptera), pp. 370-378 in Zootaxa 4418 (4) on pages 372-373, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1244922
Shared Ideologies and Identity Markers in the Late Iron Age Carpathian Basin
Creators: name: Georgescu, Andrei
Publisher: name: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Year: 2021

description: The 4th century BC is characterized by increased cultural dynamics in the Carpathian Basin. The eastward spread of the La Tène culture led to significant social structure modifications and the creation of mixed communities, which in turn spurred the appearance of specific artistic manifestations. The results of these cultural interactions can be noticed in the costumes from this period. The zoomorphic ring brooches are evidence of the interactions between local inhabitants and newcomers, but also show the level of mobility characteristic of this period. Their way of wear, noticeable in the entire Carpathian Basin, indicates shared beliefs and common ideologies acknowledged by the members of the communities. The way in which the brooches conform to the person wearing them reminds us of the »Mistress of the Animals« motif which, although common in both the Celtic environment and South-eastern Europe, seems to have had different meanings in those areas.
description: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, Bd. 50 Nr. 4 (2020): Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Macroscopic proof of the Jarzynski-Wojcik fluctuation theorem for heat exchange
Creators: name: Sughiyama, Yuki
name: Abe, Sumiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent work, Jarzynski and Wojcik (2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230602) have shown by using the properties of Hamiltonian dynamics and a statistical mechanical consideration that, through contact, heat exchange between two systems initially prepared at different temperatures obeys a fluctuation theorem. Here, another proof is presented, in which only macroscopic thermodynamic quantities are employed. The detailed balance condition is found to play an essential role. As a result, the theorem is found to hold under very general conditions.
description: 9 pages, 0 figures
A Late Bronze Age Spearhead from Hilversum-De Boskuil (prov. North Holland / NL)
Creators: name: Arnoldussen, Stijn
name: Kampert, Niels
name: Maurer, Arnoud
name: Oortmerssen, G. J. M. Van
name: Bottema-Mac Gillavry, Nicolien
name: Os, Bertil Van
Publisher: name: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Year: 2021

description: This contribution highlights the significant academic potential of prehistoric bronze artefacts found later as stray objects by metal-detectorists and all too often dismissed as being of low information value by discussing a Late Bronze Age spearhead discovered at Hilversum as an example. X-ray photography of the object revealed that part of the shaft was still preserved intact (despite being found in a sandy upland landscape). Compositional analysis using pXRF spectrometry indicated that eastern Alpine ores or ingots were possibly used for its base copper, but these were mixed with both tin and lead (perhaps elsewhere). The wooden fragment recovered from the shaft turned out to be a young shoot of hazel (Corylus avellana), which was used for spear shafts in the Middle and Late Bronze Age (in addition to the more common ash). A piece of the hazel shaft was submitted to radiocarbon dating, providing a solid dating in the Late Bronze Age (1188-946 BC). Pollen analysis undertaken on the sediments on the inside and outside of the spearhead socket presented indicators of both upland and wetland landscapes, but the fact that evident contamination (i. e. Norway spruce, planted in the 19th century) was limited to the samples of the shaft’s exterior, suggests that the spearhead shaft with preserved wood may also preserve palaeoecological information. Careful evaluation of the find and its wider context suggested that it may originally have been placed in a funerary context.
description: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, Bd. 50 Nr. 4 (2020): Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Structure of geodesics in the regular Hayward black hole space-time
Creators: name: Hu, Jian-Ping
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Shi, Li-Li
name: Duan, Peng-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The regular Hayward model describes a non-singular black hole space-time. By analyzing the behaviors of effective potential and solving the equation of orbital motion, we investigate the time-like and null geodesics in the regular Hayward black hole space-time. Through detailed analyses of corresponding effective potentials for massive particles and photons, all possible orbits are numerically simulated. The results show that there may exist four orbital types in the time-like geodesics structure: planetary orbits, circular orbits, escape orbits and absorbing orbits. In addition, when $\ell$, a convenient encoding of the central energy density $3/8π\ell^{2}$, is $0.6M$, and $b$ is $3.9512M$ as a specific value of angular momentum, escape orbits exist only under $b>3.9512M$. The precession direction is also associated with values of $b$. With $b=3.70M$ the bound orbits shift clockwise but counter-clockwise with $b=5.00M$ in the regular Hayward black hole space-time. We also find that the structure of null geodesics is simpler than that of time-like geodesics. There only exist three kinds of orbits (unstable circle orbits, escape orbits and absorbing orbits).
description: 19 pages,16 figures
Additional file 4 of Protein signature of human skin fibroblasts allows the study of the molecular etiology of rare neurological diseases
Creators: name: Hentschel, Andreas
name: Czech, Artur
name: Münchberg, Ute
name: Freier, Erik
name: Schara-Schmidt, Ulrike
name: Sickmann, Albert
name: Reimann, Jens
name: Roos, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table 4. List of proteins affected by bi-allelic c.762delC AAAS mutation in enriched nuclear fraction of human skin fibroblasts: ten proteins were found to be increased whereas nine were decreased in the nuclear fractions of patient-derived cells. For each protein, the predicted function as well as the subcellular localization ( www.uniprot.org ) is provided.
Suppression of Weiss oscillations in the magnetoconductivity of modulated graphene monolayer
Creators: name: Tahir, M.
name: Sabeeh, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the electrical transport properties of Dirac electrons in a monolayer graphene sheet in the presence of both electric and magnetic modulations. The effects of the modulations on quantum transport when they are in phase and out of phase are considered. We present the energy spectrum and the bandwidth of the Dirac electrons in the presence of both the modulations. We determine the $σ_{yy}$ component of the magnetoconductivity tensor for this system which is shown to exhibit Weiss oscillations.Asymptotic expressions for $σ_{yy}$ are also calculated to better illustrate the effects of in-phase and out-of-phase modulations.We find that the position of the oscillations in magnetoconductivity depends on the relative strength of the two modulations. When the two modulations are out-of-phase there is complete suppression of Weiss oscillations for particular relative strength of the modulations.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, Published in International journal of Modern Physics B
Eiszeitkunst oder moderne Darstellung?
Creators: name: Lehmann, Jens
name: Terberger, Thomas
Publisher: name: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Year: 2021

description: Im Jahr 2014 wurde die Gravur eines Rindes an einer Buntsandsteinwand in Reinhausen gemeldet, die von einer Arbeitsgruppe interdisziplinär untersucht wurde. Vor allem Thema und Stil der Gravur warfen die Frage auf, ob es sich möglicherweise um eine altsteinzeitliche Darstellung handelt, zumal in dem wenige Meter unterhalb der Felswand gelegenen Abri Allerberg in den 1980er Jahren durch K. Grote späteiszeitliche Fundschichten entdeckt wurden. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen werden in diesem Beitrag kritisch diskutiert und Abbauspuren der Steingewinnung an der betroffenen Felswand näher erläutert. Im Ergebnis kommen die Autoren zu dem Schluss, dass die gravierte Wand auf mittelalterliche bis neuzeitliche Steingewinnung zurückgeht und die ungewöhnliche Tierdarstellung sehr wahrscheinlich im 20. Jahrhundert entstanden ist. Abschließend diskutieren die Autoren den Forschungsstand zur Frage eiszeitlicher Felskunst in Mitteleuropa.
description: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, Bd. 50 Nr. 4 (2020): Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt
Time-Optimal Planning for Quadrotor Waypoint Flight
Creators: name: Foehn, Philipp
name: Romero, Angel
name: Scaramuzza, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Quadrotors are among the most agile flying robots. However, planning time-optimal trajectories at the actuation limit through multiple waypoints remains an open problem. This is crucial for applications such as inspection, delivery, search and rescue, and drone racing. Early works used polynomial trajectory formulations, which do not exploit the full actuator potential because of their inherent smoothness. Recent works resorted to numerical optimization but require waypoints to be allocated as costs or constraints at specific discrete times. However, this time allocation is a priori unknown and renders previous works incapable of producing truly time-optimal trajectories. To generate truly time-optimal trajectories, we propose a solution to the time allocation problem while exploiting the full quadrotor's actuator potential. We achieve this by introducing a formulation of progress along the trajectory, which enables the simultaneous optimization of the time allocation and the trajectory itself. We compare our method against related approaches and validate it in real-world flights in one of the world's largest motion-capture systems, where we outperform human expert drone pilots in a drone-racing task.
description: Narrated video footage available at https://youtu.be/ZPI8U1uSJUs. Code available at https://github.com/uzh-rpg/rpg_time_optimal. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2007.06255
A novel characterization of the Iwasawa decomposition of a simple Lie group
Creators: name: Kroetz, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E**

description: It is about the uniqueness of the Iwasawa decomposition.
description: To appear in an appendix of a physics lecture notes volume
Neutron Star Mergers and Gamma-Ray Bursts: Stripping Model
Creators: name: Blinnikov, S.
name: Nadyozhin, D.
name: Kramarev, N.
name: Yudin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper provides an overview of the current state of the stripping model for short gamma-ray bursts. After the historical joint detection of the gravitational wave event GW170817 and the accompanying gamma-ray burst GRB170817A, the relation between short gamma-ray bursts and neutron star mergers has been reliably confirmed. We show that many properties of GRB170817A, which turned out to be peculiar in comparison with other short gamma-ray bursts, are naturally explained in the context of the stripping model, specifically, the time (1.7 s) between the peak of the gravitational wave signal and the detection of the gamma-ray burst, its total isotropic energy, and the parameters of the red and blue components of the accompanying kilonova.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
On the large apparent black hole spin-orbit misalignment angle in GW200115
Creators: name: Zhu, Xing-Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GW200115 is one of the first two confidently detected gravitational-wave events of neutron star-black hole mergers. An interesting property of this merger is that the black hole, if spinning rapidly, has its spin axis negatively aligned (with a misalignment angle $> 90^{\circ}$) with the binary orbital angular momentum vector. Although such a large spin-orbit misalignment angle naturally points toward a dynamical origin, the measured neutron star-black hole merger rate exceeds theoretical predictions of the dynamical formation channel. In the canonical isolated binary formation scenario, the immediate progenitor of GW200115 is likely to be a binary consisting of a black hole and a helium star, with the latter forming a neutron star during a supernova explosion. Since the black hole is generally expected to spin along the pre-supernova binary orbital angular momentum axis, a large neutron star natal kick is required to produce the observed misalignment angle. Using simple kinematic arguments, we find that a misalignment angle $> 90^{\circ}$ in GW200115-like systems implies a kick velocity $\sim 600\, \text{km/s}$ and a kick direction within $\approx 30 ^{\circ}$ of the pre-supernova orbital plane. We discuss different interpretations of the large apparent black hole spin-orbit misalignment angle, including a non-spinning black hole.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Layered van der Waals topological metals of TaTMTe4 (TM = Ir, Rh, Ru) family
Creators: name: Shipunov, G.
name: Piening, B. R.
name: Wuttke, C.
name: Romanova, T. A.
name: Sadakov, A. V.
name: Sobolevskiy, O. A.
name: Guzovsky, E. Yu.
name: Usoltsev, A. S.
name: Pudalov, V. M.
name: Efremov, D.
name: Subakti, S.
name: Wolf, D.
name: Lubk, A.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Aswartham, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layered van~der~Waals materials of the family TaTMTe$_4$ (TM=Ir, Rh, Ru) are showing very interesting electronic properties. Here we report the synthesis, crystal growth and structural characterization of TaIrTe$_4$, TaRhTe$_4$, TaIr$_{1-x}$Rh$_{x}$Te$_4$ ($x = 0.06$; 0.14; 0.78; 0.92) and Ta$_{1+x}$Ru$_{1-x}$Te$_4$ single crystals. For Ta$_{1+x}$Ru$_{1-x}$Te$_4$ off-stoichiometry is shown. X-ray powder diffraction confirms that TaRhTe4 is isostructural to TaIrTe4. We show that all these compounds are metallic with diamagnetic behavior. Ta$_{1.26(2)}$Ru$_{0.75(2)}$Te$_{4.000(8)}$ exhibits an upturn in the resistivity at low temperatures which is strongly field dependent. Below $T \approx 4$K we observed signatures of the superconductivity in the TaIr$_{1-x}$Rh$_{x}$Te$_4$ compounds for $x = 0.92$. Magnetotransport measurements on all samples show weak magnetoresistance (MR) field dependence that is typically quadratic-in-field. However, for TaIr$_{1-x}$Rh$_{x}$Te$_4$ with $x\approx 0.78$, the MR has a linear term dominating in low fields that indicates the presence of Dirac cones in the vicinity of the Fermi energy. For TaRhTe$_4$ series the MR is almost isotropic. We have performed electronic structure calculations for isostructural TaIrTe$_4$ and TaRhTe$_4$ together with the projected total density of states. The main difference is appearance of the Rh-band close to the Fermi level.
Determining membrane permeability of giant phospholipid vesicles from a series of videomicroscopy images
Creators: name: Peterlin, Primoz
name: Jaklic, Gasper
name: Pisanski, Tomaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A technique for determining the permeability of a phospholipid membrane on a single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) is described, which complements the existing methods utilizing either a planar black lipid membrane or sub-micrometre-sized liposomes. A single GUV is transferred using a micropipette from a solution of a nonpermeable solute into an iso-osmolar solution of a solute with a higher membrane permeability. Osmotical swelling of the vesicle is monitored with a CCD camera mounted on a phase contrast microscope, and a sequence of images is obtained. On each image, the points on the vesicle contour are determined using Sobel filtering with adaptive binarization threshold, and from these, the vesicle radius is calculated with a great accuracy. From the time-dependence of the vesicle radius, the membrane permeability is obtained. Using a test set of data, the method provided a consistent estimate of the POPC membrane permeability for glycerol, P = 1.7 x 10^-8 m/s, with individual samples ranging from 1.61 x 10^-8 m/s to 1.98 x 10^-8 m/s. This value is ~40% lower than the one obtained on similar systems. Possible causes for this discrepancy are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Meas. Sci. Technol
Enhancing the Refractive Index of Polymers with a Plant-Based Pigment
Creators: name: Yasir, Mohammad
name: Sai, Tianqi
name: Sicher, Alba
name: Scheffold, Frank
name: Steiner, Ullrich
name: Wilts, Bodo D.
name: Dufresne, Eric. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polymeric materials are prized for their formability, low density, and functional versatility. However, the refractive indices of common polymers fall in a relatively narrow range between 1.4 and 1.6. Here, we demonstrate that loading commercially-available polymers with large concentrations of a plant-based pigment can effectively enhance their refractive index.For polystyrene loaded with 67w/w\% $β$-carotene, we achieve a peak value of 2.2 near the absorption edge at $531~\mathrm{nm}$, while maintaining values above 1.75 across longer wavelengths of the visible spectrum. Despite high pigment loadings, this blend maintains the thermoforming ability of polystyrene, and $β$-carotene remains molecularly dispersed. Similar results are demonstrated for the plant-derived polymer ethyl cellulose. Since the refractive index enhancement is intimately connected to the introduction of strong absorption, it is best suited to applications where light travels short distances through the material, such as reflectors and nanophotonic systems.We experimentally demonstrate enhanced reflectance from films, as large as seven-fold for ethyl cellulose at selected wavelengths. Theoretical calculations that highlight that this simple strategy can significantly increase light scattering by nanoparticles and enhance the performance of Bragg reflectors.
Observation of new quantum interference effect in solids
Creators: name: Tavkhelidze, Avto
name: Bibilashvili, Amiran
name: Jangidze, Larissa
name: Mauger, Alex Shimkunas Philip
name: Rempfer, Gertrude F.
name: Almaraz, Luis
name: Dixon, Todd
name: Kordesch, Martin E.
name: Katan, Nechama
name: Walitzki, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to achieve quantum interference of free electrons inside a solid, we have modified the geometry of the solid so that de Broglie waves interfere destructively inside the solid. Quantum interference of de Broglie waves leads to a reduction in the density of possible quantum states of electrons inside the solid and increases the Fermi energy level. This effect was studied theoretically within the limit of the quantum theory of free electrons inside the metal. It has been shown that if a metal surface is modified with patterned indents, the Fermi energy level will increase and consequently the electron work function will decrease. This effect was studied experimentally in both Au and SiO2 thin films of special geometry and structure. Work function reductions of 0.5 eV in Au films and 0.2 eV in SiO2 films were observed. Comparative measurements of work function were made using the Kelvin Probe method based on compensation of internal contact potential difference. Electron emission from the same thin films was studied by two independent research groups using Photoelectron Emission Microscopy (PEEM).
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Formation of the First Two Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers (GW200115 and GW200105) from Isolated Binary Evolution
Creators: name: Broekgaarden, Floor S.
name: Berger, Edo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the formation of the first two black hole-neutron star (BHNS) mergers detected in gravitational waves (GW200115 and GW200105) from massive stars in wide isolated binary systems - the isolated binary evolution channel. We use 560 BHNS binary population synthesis model realizations from Broekgaarden et al. (2021a) and show that the system properties (chirp mass, component masses and mass ratios) of both GW200115 and GW200105 match predictions from the isolated binary evolution channel. We also show that most model realizations can account for the local BHNS merger rate densities inferred by LIGO-Virgo. However, to simultaneously also match the inferred local merger rate densities for BHBH and NSNS systems we find we need models with moderate kick velocities ($σ\lesssim 10^2\,\rm{km}\,\rm{s}^{-1}$) or high common-envelope efficiencies ($α_{\rm{CE}}\gtrsim 2$) within our model explorations. We conclude that the first two observed BHNS mergers can be explained from the isolated binary evolution channel for reasonable model realizations.
description: Accepted to ApJ Letters, all code and data is publicly available at: https://github.com/FloorBroekgaarden/NSBH_GW200105_and_GW200115
Detached Shell Carbon Stars: Tracing Thermal Pulses on the Asymptotic Giant Branch
Creators: name: Kastner, Joel H.
name: Wilson, Emily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider whether the subset of carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars that exhibit detached, expanding circumstellar shells may reveal the past histories of these stars as having undergone helium shell flashes (thermal pulses) on the AGB. We exploit newly available Gaia parallaxes and photometry, along with archival infrared photometry, to obtain refined estimates of the luminosities of all (12) known detached shell carbon stars. We examine the relationship between these luminosities and the estimated dynamical ages (ejection times) of the detached shells associated with the 12 stars, which range from $\sim$1000 to $\sim$30000 yr. When arranged according to detached shell dynamical age, the (implied) luminosity evolution of the known detached shell carbon stars closely follows the predicted "light curves" of individual thermal pulses obtained from models of AGB stars. The comparison between data and models suggests that detached shell carbon stars are descended from $\sim$2.5-4.0 $M_\odot$ progenitors. We conclude that detached shell carbon stars may serve as effective tracers of the luminosity evolution of AGB thermal pulses.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Statistical minimax approach of the Hausdorff moment problem
Creators: name: Ngoc, Thanh Mai Pham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G07, 44A60

description: The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of estimating a compactly supported density of probability from noisy observations of its moments. In fact, we provide a statistical approach to the famous Hausdorff classical moment problem. We prove an upper bound and a lower bound on the rate of convergence of the mean squared error showing that the considered estimator attains minimax rate over the corresponding smoothness classes.
description: 21 pages
Spectrogram Inpainting for Interactive Generation of Instrument Sounds
Creators: name: Bazin, Théis
name: Hadjeres, Gaëtan
name: Esling, Philippe
name: Malt, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Modern approaches to sound synthesis using deep neural networks are hard to control, especially when fine-grained conditioning information is not available, hindering their adoption by musicians. In this paper, we cast the generation of individual instrumental notes as an inpainting-based task, introducing novel and unique ways to iteratively shape sounds. To this end, we propose a two-step approach: first, we adapt the VQ-VAE-2 image generation architecture to spectrograms in order to convert real-valued spectrograms into compact discrete codemaps, we then implement token-masked Transformers for the inpainting-based generation of these codemaps. We apply the proposed architecture on the NSynth dataset on masked resampling tasks. Most crucially, we open-source an interactive web interface to transform sounds by inpainting, for artists and practitioners alike, opening up to new, creative uses.
description: 8 pages + references + appendices. 4 figures. Published as a conference paper at the The 2020 Joint Conference on AI Music Creativity, October 19-23, 2020, organized and hosted virtually by the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
Probing for the Cosmological Parameters with PLANCK Measurement
Creators: name: Xia, Jun-Qing
name: Li, Hong
name: Zhao, Gong-Bo
name: Zhang, Xinmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the constraints on cosmological parameters especially for EoS of dark energy, inflationary parameters, neutrino mass and curvature of universe using simulated Planck data. Firstly we determine cosmological parameters with current observations including ESSENCE, WMAP3, Boomerang-2K2, CBI, VSA, ACBAR, SDSS LRG and 2dFGRS, and take best-fit model as the fiducial model in simulations. In simulations we pay attention to the effects of dynamical dark energy in determination of cosmological parameters. We add simulated SNAP data to do all the simulations. Using present data, we find Quintom dark energy model is mildly favored while \LambdaCDM remains a good fit. In the framework of dynamical dark energy, the constraints on inflationary parameters, m_ν and Ω_{K} become weak compared with the constraints in \LambdaCDM. Intriguingly, we find that the inflationary models with a "blue" tilt, which are excluded about 2σin \LambdaCDM model, are well within 2σregion with the presence of the dynamics of dark energy. The upper limits of neutrino mass are weakened by a factor of 2 (95% C.L.), say, m_ν<1.59 eV and m_ν<1.53 eV for two forms of parametrization of the equation of state of dark energy. The flat universe is a good fit to the current data, namely, |Ω_{K}|<0.03 (95% C.L.). With the simulated Planck and SNAP data, dynamical dark energy and \LambdaCDM might be distinguished at 4σ. And uncertainties of inflationary parameters, m_ν and Ω_{K} can be reduced obviously. We also constrain the rotation angle Δα, denoting possible cosmological CPT violation, with simulated Planck and CMBpol data and find that our results are much more stringent than current constraint and will verify cosmological CPT symmetry with a higher precision. (Abridged)
description: 15 pages, 8 figures and 3 tables, Accepted for publication in Int.J.Mod.Phys.D
The radio expansion and brightening of the very young supernova remnant G1.9+0.3
Creators: name: Green, D. A.
name: Reynolds, S. P.
name: Borkowski, K. J.
name: Hwang, U.
name: Harrus, I.
name: Petre, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent radio observations of the small Galactic supernova remnant G1.9+0.3 made at 4.86 GHz with the VLA are presented, and compared with earlier observations at 1.49 GHz which have a comparable resolution (10 x 4 arcsec^2). These show that the radio emission from this remnant has expanded significantly, by about 15 per cent over 23 years, with a current outer diameter of approximately 92 arcsec. This expansion confirms that G1.9+0.3 is the youngest Galactic remnant yet identified, only about 150 years old at most. Recent, lower resolution, 1.43-GHz observations are also discussed, and the integrated flux densities from these and the 4.86-GHz observations are compared with earlier results. This shows that the integrated flux density of G1.9+0.3 has been increasing recently.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by MNRAS Letters
Evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecast in five Indian river basins
Creators: name: Singh, Ankit
name: Tiwari, Shubham
name: Jha, Sanjeev Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) obtained from a numerical weather prediction model is used for streamflow forecasting. This study systematically evaluates the performance of a deterministic QPF obtained from a national agency, the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), compared with that obtained from three international agencies. For observation/reference datasets, we used satellite, raingauge, and satellite-gauge merged data products. The forecast skill is evaluated for 177 sub-basins in Ganga, Narmada, Mahanadi, Tapti, and Godavari river basins. Our results indicate that the forecast accuracy of NCMRWF is closely comparable with that of QPF obtained from a European agency. We conclude that selecting accurate observation/reference data is critical for forecast performance evaluation. We determine the preferred forecast and reference datasets in the selected river basins. Our results suggest that for estimating the parameters of a post-processor, a comparable dataset can be used for which data are available for a longer duration.
Enhancement of an anti-tumor immune response using bacteriophage T4 as a linked helper determinant on P815 tumor cells
Creators: name: Bridgett, Margot M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Heterogenization is defined as the enhancement of weak anti-tumor responses by attachment of strong antigenic helper determinants to the surface of tumor cells. Anti-tumor immune responses may be further amplified by addition of T helper cells specific for the helper determinant. I investigated the effectiveness of bacteriophage T4 (0T4) as a helper determinant in the heterogenization of P815 tumor cells. Experiments were performed to quantitate and optimize chemical coupling of 0T4 to irradiated P815 tumor cells (P815r). Proliferation assays showed that T cells primed in vivo to 0T4 could recognize 0T4 that was chemically linked to P815r (P815r-0). T cells primed in vivo with P815r-0 responded in the proliferation assay to free 0T4. An in vivo adoptive transfer system W8S used to examine the helper ability of 0T4-primed spleen cells. 0T4-primed, irradiated spleen cells and SRBC-primed B cells were transferred into irradiated host mice. The anti-SRBC response of the transferred SRBC was augmented only when the mice were challenged with SRBC linked to 0T4. Challenge with SRBC and free 0T4 did not increase the response. A 0T4- specific T helper cell line was established and maintained in vitro. The cell line was cloned by limiting dilution and the clones were characterized as to their proliferative response to 0T4 and their production of interleukin 2. When added to cultures of spleen cells that were stimulated with either P815r-0 or P815r and free 0T4, the cell line dramatically enhanced the killing of P815 tumor cell targets by cytotoxic T cells. Elimination of in vitro primed T helper cells using antibody plus complement was essential to detect this result. The T helper cell line and clones were tested in in vivo immunotherapy trials. Mice were treated with cyclophosphamide to reduce suppression in the animals, injected with T helper cells and immunizing doses of P815r-0, and challenged with viable P815 tumor cells. The cells line and clones demonstrated in vivo helper activity. Optimal conditions for performance of the immunotherapy experiments are discussed.
Scalar one-loop 4-point integral with one massless vertex in loop regularization
Creators: name: Zhang, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar one-loop 4-point function with one massless vertex is evaluated analytically by employing the loop regularization method. According to the method a characteristic scale $μ_{s}$ is introduced to regularize the divergent integrals. The infrared divergent parts, which take the form of $\ln^{2}(λ^{2}/μ^{2}_{s})$ and $\ln(λ^{2}/μ^{2}_{s})$ as $μ_{s}\rightarrow 0$ where $λ$ is a constant and expressed in terms of masses and Mandelstam variables, and the infrared stable parts are well separated. The result is shown explicitly via $44$ dilogarithms in the kinematic sector in which our evaluation is valid.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 5 of Protein signature of human skin fibroblasts allows the study of the molecular etiology of rare neurological diseases
Creators: name: Hentschel, Andreas
name: Czech, Artur
name: Münchberg, Ute
name: Freier, Erik
name: Schara-Schmidt, Ulrike
name: Sickmann, Albert
name: Reimann, Jens
name: Roos, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Findings of Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements on patient-derived muscle biopsy specimen.
RBS1423 - a new QSO with relativistic reflection from an ionised disk
Creators: name: Krumpe, M.
name: Lamer, G.
name: Schwope, A. D.
name: Husemann, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis and results of a 20 ks XMM-Newton observation of RBS1423. X-ray spectral analysis is used to establish a significantly broadened relativistic iron K-alpha line from a highly ionised disk. A QSO at z=2.262 was considered to be the optical counterpart of this ROSAT Bright Survey X-ray source. Based on the improved XMM-Newton source position we identified a z=0.208 QSO as optical counterpart to RBS1423. The 0.2-12 keV X-ray luminosity of this radio-quiet QSO is 6x10^{44} erg/s. The XMM-EPIC spectra are well described by a power law with a significantly broadened iron K-alpha line. Disk line models for both Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes require hydrogen-like iron ions to fit the measured line profile. Significant ionisation of the reflection disk is confirmed by model fits with ionised disk models, resulting in an ionisation parameter xi~2000.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A (2 April 2007)
Assessment of snow cover variability and its sensitivity to hydrometeorological factors in the Karakoram and Himalayan region
Creators: name: Dharpure, Jaydeo K.
name: Goswami, Ajanta
name: Patel, Akansha
name: Kulkarni, Anil V.
name: Snehmani
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Snow cover plays an important role in hydrological modelling and influences the energy balance. Daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow products are widely used for snow cover monitoring; however, the cloud cover causes a discontinuity in spatial and temporal scale. Therefore, we have implemented a composite (five-step) methodology for cloud removal over the Karakoram and Himalayan (KH) region during 2000–2019. The cloud-gap-filled snow cover area (SCA) was compared with Landsat-8 data, and the relationship with in situ observations (snowfall and temperature) was examined. The annual SCA illustrates an increasing trend for the entire KH except in the eastern Himalayas. The snow cover day and nine snow cover timing indices were assessed to explore the snow cover characteristics. The relationships between SCA and meteorological variables were evaluated, suggesting a higher correlation with temperature and shortwave radiation. A sensitivity analysis was performed, indicating higher sensitivity of SCA to radiation than to other selected variables.