cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Compulsory drug detention center experiences among a community-based sample of injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand
Creators: name: Kerr, Thomas
name: Wood, Evan
name: Zhang, Ruth
name: Suwannawong, Paisan
name: Fairbairn, Nadia
name: Hayashi, Kanna
name: Kaplan, Karyn
name: Csete, Joanne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Medical sciences
Medical ethics

description: Despite Thailand's official reclassification of drug users as "patients" deserving care and not "criminals," the Thai government has continued to rely heavily on punitive responses to drug use such as "boot camp"-style compulsory "treatment" centers. There is very little research on experiences with compulsory treatment centers among people who use drugs. The work reported here is a first step toward filling that gap. We examined experiences of compulsory drug treatment among 252 Thai people who inject drugs (IDU) participating in the Mitsampan Community Research Project in Bangkok. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with a history of compulsory treatment experience. In total, 80 (31.7%) participants reported a history of compulsory treatment. In multivariate analyses, compulsory drug detention experience was positively associated with current spending on drugs per day (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.86; 95%CI: 1.07 - 3.22) and reporting drug planting by police (AOR = 1.81; 95%CI: 1.04 - 3.15). Among those with compulsory treatment experience, 77 (96.3%) reported injecting in the past week, and no difference in intensity of drug use was observed between those with and without a history of compulsory detention. These findings raise concerns about the current approach to compulsory drug detention in Thailand. Exposure to compulsory drug detention was associated with police abuse and high rates of relapse into drug use, although additional research is needed to determine the precise impact of exposure to this form of detention on future drug use. More broadly, compulsory "treatment" based on a penal approach is not consistent with scientific evidence on addressing drug addiction and should be phased out in favor of evidence-based interventions.
Born-Infeld nonlinear electromagnetism in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Price, Will
name: Formanek, Martin
name: Rafelski, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of the limiting field strength of Born-Infeld electromagnetism on the dynamics of charged particle scattering. We formulate the Born-Infeld limiting field in an invariant manner, showing that it is the electric field-dominated eigenvalue `$a$' of the field tensor $F^{μν}$ which is limited rather than the individual field vectors. Heavy ion collisions in particular provide uniquely large values of the field invariants that appear in the BI action, amplifying nonlinear effects. Thus ``$a$'' is the dominant input into the force between heavy ions that we use to compute the scattering angle as a function of impact parameter. We evaluate the BI effects, showing relevance at small impact parameters and exhibiting their dependence on the value of the limiting field strength.
description: This article belongs to the special issue of Acta Physica Polonica A printed in honor of Professor Iwo Bialynicki-Birula on the occasion of his 90th birthday (Ed. Tomasz Sowinski, DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.143.S0)
Magnetic properties of two-dimensional charged spin-1 Bose gases
Creators: name: Chen, Yingxue
name: Qin, Jihong
name: Gu, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the mean-field theory, we investigate the magnetic properties of a charged spin-1 Bose gas in two dimension. In this system the diamagnetism competes with paramagnetism, where Lande-factor $g$ is introduced to describe the strength of the paramagnetic effect. The system presents a crossover from diamagnetism to paramagnetism with the increasing of Lande-factor. The critical value of the Lande-factor, $g_{c}$, is discussed as a function of the temperature and magnetic field. We get the same value of $g_{c}$ both in the low temperature and strong magnetic field limit. Our results also show that in very weak magnetic field no condensation happens in the two dimensional charged spin-1 Bose gas.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Recognizing Uncommon Presentations of Psychogenic (Functional) Movement Disorders
Creators: name: Baizabal-Carvallo, José Fidel
name: Fekete, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine

description: Background: Psychogenic or functional movement disorders (PMDs) pose a challenge in clinical diagnosis. There are several clues, including sudden onset, incongruous symptoms, distractibility, suggestibility, entrainment of symptoms, and lack of response to otherwise effective pharmacological therapies, that help identify the most common psychogenic movements such as tremor, dystonia, and myoclonus.

Methods: In this manuscript, we review the frequency, distinct clinical features, functional imaging, and neurophysiological tests that can help in the diagnosis of uncommon presentations of PMDs, such as psychogenic parkinsonism, tics, and chorea; facial, palatal, and ocular movements are also reviewed. In addition, we discuss PMDs at the extremes of age and mass psychogenic illness.

Results: Psychogenic parkinsonism (PP) is observed in less than 10% of the case series about PMDs, with a female–male ratio of roughly 1:1. Lack of amplitude decrement in repetitive movements and of cogwheel rigidity help to differentiate PP from true parkinsonism. Dopamine transporter imaging with photon emission tomography can also help in the diagnostic process. Psychogenic movements resembling tics are reported in about 5% of PMD patients. Lack of transient suppressibility of abnormal movements helps to differentiate them from organic tics. Psychogenic facial movements can present with hemifacial spasm, blepharospasm, and other movements. Some patients with essential palatal tremor have been shown to be psychogenic. Convergence ocular spasm has demonstrated a high specificity for psychogenic movements. PMDs can also present in the context of mass psychogenic illness or at the extremes of age.

Discussion: Clinical features and ancillary studies are helpful in the diagnosis of patients with uncommon presentations of psychogenic movement disorders.
A Gaudin-like determinant for overlaps of Néel and XXZ Bethe states
Creators: name: Brockmann, Michael
name: De Nardis, Jacopo
name: Wouters, Bram
name: Caux, Jean-Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a determinant expression for overlaps of Bethe states of the XXZ spin chain with the N{é}el state, the ground state of the system in the antiferromagnetic Ising limit. Our formula, of determinant form, is valid for generic system size. Interestingly, it is remarkably similar to the well-known Gaudin formula for the norm of Bethe states, and to another recently-derived overlap formula appearing in the Lieb-Liniger model.
description: 10 pages
title: Business responses to climate change: a case study of selected organizations in Newfoundland
Creators: name: Asante, Edward Oteng
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfundland
Year: 2022

description: Climate change is a problem that the world is struggling to solve. Many studies and much research have been directed toward this course, but we still face its impacts. Recently, scholars have investigated the relationship between climate change and businesses. Companies have begun taking responsibility for climate change and are finding ways to combat the issue. Climate change presents risks and opportunities to businesses. Therefore, this thesis aims to appreciate business responses to climate change in Newfoundland’s natural resource sector. Using a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews, the research examined how the selected businesses are responding to climate change. The major finding of the study was that Newfoundland lacks specific climate change regulations and requirements to drive adequate response measures from companies. It was revealed that the chosen organizations’ significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions were transportation and the use of equipment and fuel. However, most of the businesses had implemented measures to reduce their carbon footprint and addressed some climate change impacts they face. In terms of the influence of institutional pressures on business responses, this research showed that mimetic force (copying similar actions among firms) played a major role compared to the other forces. Generally, this thesis highlighted that businesses are not immune to climate change, hence companies are incorporating the impacts of climate change into their planning and are adopting actions to address the problem.
Optical intensity interferometry lab tests in preparation of stellar diameter measurements at IACTs at GHz photon rates
Creators: name: Zmija, Andreas
name: Vogel, Naomi
name: Anton, Gisela
name: Malyshev, Dmitry
name: Michel, Thilo
name: Zink, Adrian
name: Funk, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astronomical intensity interferometry enables quantitative measurements of the source geometry by measuring the photon fluxes in individual telescopes and correlating them, rather than correlating the electromagnetic waves' amplitudes. This simplifies realization of large telescope baselines and high angular resolutions. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), intended to detect the optical emission of $γ$-ray induced air showers, are excellent candidates to perform intensity correlations in the optical at reasonable signal-to-noise ratios. The detected coherence time is on the scale of $10^{-12}$ to $10^{-15}$~seconds - depending on the optical bandwidth of the measurement - which challenges the detection system to work in a stable and accurate way. We developed an intensity interferometry setup applicable to IACTs, which measures the photo currents from photomultipliers and correlates them offline, and as such is designed to handle the very large photon rates provided by the telescopes. We present measurements in the lab simulating starlight using a xenon lamp and measured at different degrees of temporal and spatial coherence. Necessary calibration procedures are described with the goal of understanding the measurements quantitatively. Measured coherence times between $5\,$femtoseconds (corresponding signal-to-background ratio $5\cdot10^{-7}$) and $110\,$femtoseconds (signal-to-background ratio $10^{-5}$) are in good agreement with expectations, and so are the noise levels in the correlations, reaching down to $6 \cdot 10^{-8}$, after measurements between $30\,$minutes and $1\,$ hour.
When Do We Feel Present in a Virtual Reality? Towards Sensitivity and User Acceptance of Presence Questionnaires
Creators: name: Degenhard, Annalisa
name: Askari, Ali
name: Rietzler, Michael
name: Rukzio, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Presence is an important and widely used metric to measure the quality of virtual reality (VR) applications. Given the multifaceted and subjective nature of presence, the most common measures for presence are questionnaires. But there is little research on their validity regarding specific presence dimensions and their responsiveness to differences in perception among users. We investigated four presence questionnaires (SUS, PQ, IPQ, Bouchard) on their responsiveness to intensity variations of known presence dimensions and asked users about their consistency with their experience. Therefore, we created five VR scenarios that were designed to emphasize a specific presence dimension. Our findings showed heterogeneous sensitivity of the questionnaires dependent on the different dimensions of presence. This highlights a context-specific suitability of presence questionnaires. The questionnaires' sensitivity was further stated as lower than actually perceived. Based on our findings, we offer guidance on selecting these questionnaires based on their suitability for particular use cases.
BPS Maxwell-Chern-Simons-like vortices in a Lorentz-violating framework
Creators: name: Casana, R.
name: Ferreira, M. M.
name: Da Hora, E.
name: Neves, A. B. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs BPS vortices in a Lorentz-violating CPT-odd context. The Lorentz violation induces profiles with a conical behavior at the origin. For some combination of the coefficients for Lorentz violation there always exists a sufficiently large winding number for which the magnetic field flips its sign.
description: Presented at the Sixth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, June 17-21, 2013
Production of exotic isotopes in complete fusion reactions with radioactive beams
Creators: name: Sargsyan, V. V.
name: Zubov, A. S.
name: Adamian, G. G.
name: Antonenko, N. V.
name: Heinz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isotopic dependence of the complete fusion (capture) cross section is analyzed in the reactions $^{130,132,134,136,138,140,142,144,146,148,150}$Xe+$^{48}$Ca with stable and radioactive beams. It is shown for the first time that the very neutron-rich nuclei $^{186-191}$W can be reached with relatively large cross sections by complete fusion reactions with radioactive ion beams at incident energies near the Coulomb barrier. A comparison between the complete fusion and fragmentation reactions for the production of neutron-rich W and neutron-deficient Rn isotopes is performed.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted in PRC
A practice-based trial of blood pressure control in African Americans (TLC-Clinic): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Schoenthaler, Antoinette
name: Luerassi, Leanne
name: Teresi, Jeanne A.
name: Silver, Stephanie
name: Kong, Jian
name: Odedosu, Taiye
name: Trilling, Samantha
name: Errico, Anna
name: Uvwo, Oshevire
name: Sebek, Kimberly
name: Adekoya, Adetutu
name: Ogedegbe, Gbenga
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Medicine

description: Poorly controlled hypertension (HTN) remains one of the most significant public health problems in the United States, in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Despite compelling evidence supporting the beneficial effects of therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) for blood pressure (BP) reduction, the effectiveness of these approaches in primary care practices remains untested, especially among African Americans, who share a disproportionately greater burden of HTN-related outcomes. This randomized controlled trial tests the effectiveness of a practice-based comprehensive therapeutic lifestyle intervention, delivered through group-based counseling and motivational interviewing (MINT-TLC) versus Usual Care (UC) in 200 low-income, African Americans with uncontrolled hypertension. MINT-TLC is designed to help patients make appropriate lifestyle changes and develop skills to maintain these changes long-term. Patients in the MINT-TLC group attend 10 weekly group classes focused on healthy lifestyle changes (intensive phase); followed by 3 monthly individual motivational interviewing (MINT) sessions (maintenance phase). The intervention is delivered by trained research personnel with appropriate treatment fidelity procedures. Patients in the UC condition receive a single individual counseling session on healthy lifestyle changes and print versions of the intervention materials. The primary outcome is within-patient change in both systolic and diastolic BP from baseline to 6 months. In addition to BP control at 6 months, other secondary outcomes include changes in the following lifestyle behaviors from baseline to 6 months: a) physical activity, b) weight loss, c) number of daily servings of fruits and vegetables and d) 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. This vanguard trial will provide information on how to refine MINT-TLC and integrate it into a standard treatment protocol for hypertensive African Americans as a result of the data obtained; thus maximizing the likelihood of its translation into clinical practice. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01070056
Green's functions from real-time bold-line Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Cohen, Guy
name: Reichman, David R.
name: Millis, Andrew J.
name: Gull, Emanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two methods for computing two-time correlation functions or Green's functions from real time bold-line continuous time quantum Monte Carlo. One method is a formally exact generalized auxiliary lead formalism by which spectral properties may be obtained from single-time observables. The other involves the evaluation of diagrams contributing to two-time observables directly on the Keldysh contour. Additionally, we provide a detailed description of the bold-line Monte Carlo method. Our methods are general and numerically exact, and able to reliably resolve high-energy features such as band edges. We compare the spectral functions obtained from real time methods to analytically continued spectral functions obtained from imaginary time Monte Carlo, thus probing the limits of analytic continuation.
Performance and Social Meaning in the Lied: Schubert's Erster Verlust
Creators: name: Kramer, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Music

description: The Lied is customarily thought to express the affective meaning of a
text by compositional means. Different performances of a Lied, however,
may decisively affect its expressivity, provoking specific interpretations of
the text music relation and disclosing social meanings that may not be
explicitly acknowledged by the text. It is possible to construct an interpretive
dramaturgy running from the relation of text and composition through
the relation of composition and performance. In Franz Schubert's Erster
Verlust, D. 226, the trajectory of one such dramaturgy uncovers the song's
implicit involvement with the perplexities haunting nineteenth-century
bourgeois marriage.
Digital Twin Earth Hydrology Evolution: Final Report
Creators: name: Brocca, Luca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital Twin Earth
Hydrology
Earth Observation
What-if scenario

description: The overarching objective of Digital Twin Earth (DTE) Hydrology Evolution project has been to prototype a full advanced end-to-end demonstrator of DTE over the full Mediterranean region at high resolution in space and time (targeting 1 km and 1 hour) by extending the successful implementation of Digital Twin Earth Hydrology project that has been carried out over the Po River Valley in northern Italy. Specifically, DTE Hydrology has demonstrated the potential to advance towards an end-to-end reconstruction of the hydrological cycle at high resolution in space and time by an effective combination of state-of-the-art EO data, in situ observations, advanced hydrological and hydraulic modelling, AI and advanced digital platform capabilities. Authors: Luca Brocca, Stefania Camici, Christian Massari, Angelica Tarpanelli, Luca Ciabatta, Jacopo Dari, Sara Mondanesi, Hamidreza Mosaffa, Paolo Filippucci (CNR-IRPI), Lorenzo Alfieri, Francesco Avanzi, Simone Gabellani (CIMA), Dominik Rains, Diego Miralles (UGent), Mariette Vreugdenhil, Raphael Quast, Bernhard Raml, Samuel Massart (TUWien), Simone Mantovani (MEEO), Alexander Jacob (EURAC) DTE Hydrology Evolution, Final Report, Deliverable D7.1
Improving Euler-Heisenberg-Schwinger effective action with dressed photons
Creators: name: Evans, Stefan
name: Rafelski, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement a longstanding proposal by Weisskopf to apply virtual polarization corrections to the in/out external fields in study of the Euler-Heisenberg-Schwinger effective action. Our approach requires distinguishing the electromagnetic and polarization fields based on mathematical tools developed by Białynicki-Birula, originally for the Born-Infeld action. Our solution is expressed as a differential equation where the one-loop effective action serves as input. As a first result of our approach, we recover the higher-order one-cut reducible loop diagrams discovered by Gies and Karbstein.
description: This article belongs to the special issue of Acta Physica Polonica A printed in honor of Professor Iwo Bialynicki-Birula on the occasion of his 90th birthday (Ed. Tomasz Sowinski, DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.143.S0)
Family nurture intervention (FNI): methods and treatment protocol of a randomized controlled trial in the NICU
Creators: name: Hofer, Myron A.
name: Brunelli, Susan A.
name: Stark, Raymond I.
name: Andrews, Howard F.
name: Austin, Judy
name: Myers, Michael M.
name: Welch, Martha G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The stress that results from preterm birth, requisite acute care and prolonged physical separation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can have adverse physiological/psychological effects on both the infant and the mother. In particular, the experience compromises the establishment and maintenance of optimal mother-infant relationship, the subsequent development of the infant, and the mother's emotional well-being. These findings highlight the importance of investigating early interventions that are designed to overcome or reduce the effects of these environmental insults and challenges. This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with blinded assessment comparing Standard Care (SC) with a novel Family Nurture Intervention (FNI). FNI targets preterm infants born 26-34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and their mothers in the NICU. The intervention incorporates elements of mother-infant interventions with known efficacy and organizes them under a new theoretical context referred to collectively as calming activities. This intervention is facilitated by specially trained Nurture Specialists in three ways: 1) In the isolette through calming interactions between mother and infant via odor exchange, firm sustained touch and vocal soothing, and eye contact; 2) Outside the isolette during holding and feeding via the Calming Cycle; and 3) through family sessions designed to engage help and support the mother. In concert with infant neurobehavioral and physiological assessments from birth through 24 months corrected age (CA), maternal assessments are made using standard tools including anxiety, depression, attachment, support systems, temperament as well as physiological stress parameters. Quality of mother-infant interaction is also assessed. Our projected enrolment is 260 families (130 per group). The FNI is designed to increase biologically important activities and behaviors that enhance maternally-mediated sensory experiences of preterm infants, as well as infant-mediated sensory experiences of the mother. Consequently, we are enlarging the testing of preterm infant neurodevelopment beyond that of previous research to include outcomes related to mother-infant interactions and mother-infant co-regulation. Our primary objective is to determine whether repeated engagement of the mother and her infant in the intervention's calming activities will improve the infant's developmental trajectory with respect to multiple outcomes. Our secondary objective is to assess the effectiveness of FNI in the physiological and psychological co-regulation of the mother and infant. We include aspects of neurodevelopment that have not been comprehensively measured in previous NICU interventions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov:  NCT01439269
Estimated Economic Contributions From the Nursery/Greenhouse Industry in Tennessee
Creators: name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Menard, Jamey
name: Schexnayder, Susan
name: Bruhin, Jared
name: Fulcher, Amy
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Menard, Jamey
name: Schexnayder, Susan
name: Bruhin, Jared
name: Fulcher, Amy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: economic impacts
subject: nursery/greenhouse industry

description: The purpose of this study is to project the economic contributions of Tennessee’s nursery/greenhouse production industry to the state’s economy. By projecting the economic contributions, not only can the direct effects from the state’s industry be measured but also the multiplier effects of the industry. For example, economic impacts occur when nursery/greenhouse industry producers purchase inputs and supplies from in-state businesses. Also, economic impacts occur when workers who are employed by nursery/greenhouse firms spend their income on goods and services produced in Tennessee.
title: Intra-articular Osteoid Osteoma
Creators: name: Vanhoenacker, Filip
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 7-year-old female patient presented to the department of radiology complaining about spontaneous pain at the left upper extremity with movement restriction at the left elbow.  This was worsened especially at night. There is no clear history of previous trauma.

description: 7 years, female
Stochastic multi-channel lock-in detection
Creators: name: Hudson, J J
name: Tarbutt, M R
name: Sauer, B E
name: Hinds, E A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-precision measurements benefit from lock-in detection of small signals. Here we discuss the extension of lock-in detection to many channels, using mutually orthogonal modulation waveforms, and show how the the choice of waveforms affects the information content of the signal. We also consider how well the detection scheme rejects noise, both random and correlated. We address the particular difficulty of rejecting a background drift that makes a reproducible offset in the output signal and we show how a systematic error can be avoided by changing the waveforms between runs and averaging over many runs. These advances made possible a recent measurement of the electron's electric dipole moment.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Inelastic collisions of optically trapped metastable calcium atoms
Creators: name: Halder, Purbasha
name: Winter, Hannes
name: Hemmerich, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study binary collisions of metastable calcium atoms ($^{40}$Ca) in an optical dipole trap. Collisions between $^{3}$P$_{0}$-atoms and between $^{3}$P$_{0}$ and $^{1}$S$_{0}$-atoms are considered. In the former case, the elastic and inelastic collision parameters are found to be $5.4\times 10^{-11}\,\mathrm{cm}^{3}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and $3.6\times 10^{-11}\,\mathrm{cm}^{3}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, respectively. A fraction of the collisions between $^{3}$P$_{0}$-atoms is found to produce cold trapped atoms in the singlet $^{1}$S$_{0}$ state, suggesting that the internal energy for these collisions is dissipated by radiation. For collisions between $^{3}$P$_{0}$ and $^{1}$S$_{0}$-atoms we find a two-body loss parameter of $8.5\times 10^{-11}\,\mathrm{cm}^{3}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$. Our observations show that metastable calcium samples in the $^{3}$P$_{0}$-state are not stable at high densities, as for example required in quantum computing or many-body quantum simulation schemes.
description: 5 pages, 7 Figures
The application of human factors to the blood transfusion process
Creators: name: Watt, Alison
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120399 Design Practice and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: There are serious safety problems in blood transfusion and a Human Factors (HF) approach has great potential to address these safety issues, but has so far been underutilised. The overall aim of the PhD is to investigate how HF could contribute to improvements for the safety of patients receiving a blood transfusion. The main objectives are to apply and evaluate HF-based methods that could improve transfusion safety and in particular to introduce an enhanced learning process by using HF-based reporting of adverse transfusion incidents and a Safety II-based resilience assessment of the transfusion process in UK hospitals. This thesis attempts to address the following three questions in three studies:(1) What can we learn about human and organisation factors contributing to transfusion incidents and near misses from the existing incident database? (2) Can incident reporting be improved using a newly created human factors investigation tool (HFIT) combined with educational interventions? (3) Can a Safety-II approach improve clinical audit and maximise system resilience throughout the end to end blood transfusion process? [Continues.]
Local CP-violation and electric charge separation by magnetic fields from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Bali, G. S.
name: Bruckmann, F.
name: Endrodi, G.
name: Fodor, Z.
name: Katz, S. D.
name: Schafer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study local CP-violation on the lattice by measuring the local correlation between the topological charge density and the electric dipole moment of quarks, induced by a constant external magnetic field. This correlator is found to increase linearly with the external field, with the coefficient of proportionality depending only weakly on temperature. Results are obtained on lattices with various spacings, and are extrapolated to the continuum limit after the renormalization of the observables is carried out. This renormalization utilizes the gradient flow for the quark and gluon fields. Our findings suggest that the strength of local CP-violation in QCD with physical quark masses is about an order of magnitude smaller than a model prediction based on nearly massless quarks in domains of constant gluon backgrounds with topological charge. We also show numerical evidence that the observed local CP-violation correlates with spatially extended electric dipole structures in the QCD vacuum.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. Additional lattice results about the induced electric dipole structure, extended model description, specified terminology. Version published in JHEP
ESM Figures S1-S7, Tables S1-S2 from Lack of phenological shift leads to increased camouflage mismatch in mountain hares
Creators: name: Zimova, Marketa
name: Giery, Sean T.
name: Newey, Scott
name: J. Joshua Nowak
name: Spencer, Michael
name: L. Scott Mills
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Understanding whether organisms will be able to adapt to human-induced stressors currently endangering their existence is an urgent priority. Globally, multiple species moult from a dark summer to white winter coat to maintain camouflage against snowy landscapes. Decreasing snow cover duration due to climate change is increasing mismatch in seasonal camouflage. To directly test for adaptive responses to recent changes in snow cover, we repeated historical (1950s) field studies of moult phenology in mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in Scotland. We found little evidence that population moult phenology has shifted to align seasonal coat colour with shorter snow seasons, or that phenotypic plasticity prevented increases in camouflage mismatch. The lack of responses resulted in 35 additional days of mismatch between 1950 and 2016. We emphasize the potential role of weak directional selection pressure and low genetic variability in shaping the scope for adaptive responses to anthropogenic stressors.
Digital Twin Earth Hydrology (Evolution): Final Report
Creators: name: Brocca, Luca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital Twin Earth
Hydrology
Earth Observation
What-if scenario

description: The overarching objective of Digital Twin Earth (DTE) Hydrology (Evolution) project has been to prototype a full advanced end-to-end demonstrator of DTE over the full Mediterranean region at high resolution in space and time (targeting 1 km and 1 hour) by extending the successful implementation of Digital Twin Earth Hydrology project that has been carried out over the Po River Valley in northern Italy. Specifically, DTE Hydrology has demonstrated the potential to advance towards an end-to-end reconstruction of the hydrological cycle at high resolution in space and time by an effective combination of state-of-the-art EO data, in situ observations, advanced hydrological and hydraulic modelling, AI and advanced digital platform capabilities. Authors: Luca Brocca, Stefania Camici, Christian Massari, Angelica Tarpanelli, Luca Ciabatta, Jacopo Dari, Sara Mondanesi, Hamidreza Mosaffa, Paolo Filippucci (CNR-IRPI), Lorenzo Alfieri, Francesco Avanzi, Simone Gabellani (CIMA), Dominik Rains, Diego Miralles (UGent), Mariette Vreugdenhil, Raphael Quast, Bernhard Raml, Samuel Massart (TUWien), Simone Mantovani (MEEO), Alexander Jacob (EURAC) DTE Hydrology (Evolution), Final Report, v1.0, Deliverable D7.1 Authors: Luca Brocca, Stefania Camici, Christian Massari, Angelica Tarpanelli, Luca Ciabatta, Jacopo Dari, Sara Modanesi, Paolo Filippucci (CNR-IRPI), Lorenzo Alfieri, Francesco Avanzi, Fabio Delogu and Simone Gabellani (CIMA), Dominik Rains, Diego Miralles (UGent), Mariette Vreugdenhil, Wolfgang Wagner, Raphael Quast (TUWien), Alessio Domeneghetti (UNIBO), Christian Briese, Philipp Stranner, Sean Hoyal (EODC). DTE Hydrology, Final Report, v2.0, Deliverable D7.1
Optimizing the spin-pumping induced inverse spin Hall voltage by crystal growth in Fe/Pt bilayers
Creators: name: Papaioannou, Evangelos Th.
name: Fuhrmann, Philipp
name: Jungfleisch, Matthias B.
name: Brächer, Thomas
name: Pirro, Philipp
name: Lauer, Viktor
name: Lösch, Jörg
name: Hillebrands, Burkard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the influence of crystal growth on the spin-pumping induced inverse spin Hall effect in Fe/Pt bilayers. The morphology of the Fe/Pt interface influences the effective spin mixing conductance. The increase of growth temperature leads to smoother and larger grains at the interface that enhance the effective spin mixing conductance. The spin current injection efficiency into Pt, measured by the inverse spin Hall effect, is maximized by optimizing the epitaxy of Pt on Fe. In magnetic field dependent measurements, the presence of a strong magnetic anisotropy gives rise to two distinct inverse spin Hall effect voltage peaks.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Experimental and numerical study on grain refinement in electromagnetic assisted laser beam welding of 5754 Al alloy
Creators: name: Yang, Chunliang
name: Yang, Fan
name: Meng, Xiangmeng
name: Putra, Stephen Nugraha
name: Bachmann, Marcel
name: Rethmeier, Michael
Publisher: name: Laser Institute of America
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: laser beam welding
subject: magnetic field
subject: crystal branch development
subject: grain refinement
subject: periodic solidification pattern

description: Through experimental observation and auxiliary numerical simulation, this investigation studies the different types of grain refinement of 5754 aluminum alloy laser beam welding by applying a transverse oscillating magnetic field. Scanning electron microscope results have proved that the application of a magnetic field can reduce the average crystal branch width and increase its number. The interaction between the induced eddy current generated by the Seebeck effect and the applied external magnetic field produces a Lorentz force, which is important for the increase in the number of crystal branches. Based on the theory of dendrite fragmentation and the magnetic field-induced branches increment, the grain size reduction caused by the magnetic field is studied. Furthermore, the effects of the magnetic field are analyzed by combining a phase field method model and simulations of nucleation and grain growth. The grain distribution and average grain size after welding verify the reliability of the model. In addition, the introduction of a magnetic field can increase the number of periodic three-dimensional solidification patterns. In the intersection of two periods of solidification patterns, the metal can be re-melted and then re-solidified, which prevents the grains, that have been solidified and formed previously, from further growth and generates some small cellular grains in the new fusion line. The magnetic field increases the building frequency of these solidification structures and thus promotes this kind of grain refinement.
Towards nuclear energy density functionals from first principles
Creators: name: Zurek, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the GUDE functionals which consist of pion exchanges derived from chiral effective field theory and a Skyrme-like part. Certain pion terms lead to significant improvements in the description of ground-state energies, indicating they might be useful ingredients for true ab initio energy density functionals. In addition, we present estimates of the statistical parameter uncertainties of the GUDE functionals.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, proceedings for the 57th Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics, "Extremes of the Nuclear Landscape", Zakopane, Poland, 25 August-1 September, 2024
Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification
Creators: name: Sapone, Anna
name: Bai, Julio
name: Ciacci, Carolina
name: Dolinsek, Jernej
name: Green, Peter H. R.
name: Hadjivassiliou, Marios
name: Kaukinen, Katri
name: Rostami, Kamran
name: Sanders, David
name: Schumann, Michael
name: Ullrich, Reiner
name: Villalta, Danilo
name: Volta, Umberto
name: Catassi, Carlo
name: Fasano, Alessio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012

description: A decade ago celiac disease was considered extremely rare outside Europe and, therefore, was almost completely ignored by health care professionals. In only 10 years, key milestones have moved celiac disease from obscurity into the popular spotlight worldwide. Now we are observing another interesting phenomenon that is generating great confusion among health care professionals. The number of individuals embracing a gluten-free diet (GFD) appears much higher than the projected number of celiac disease patients, fueling a global market of gluten-free products approaching $2.5 billion (US) in global sales in 2010. This trend is supported by the notion that, along with celiac disease, other conditions related to the ingestion of gluten have emerged as health care concerns. This review will summarize our current knowledge about the three main forms of gluten reactions: allergic (wheat allergy), autoimmune (celiac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten ataxia) and possibly immune-mediated (gluten sensitivity), and also outline pathogenic, clinical and epidemiological differences and propose new nomenclature and classifications.
Quantum hexatic order in two-dimensional dipolar and charged fluids
Creators: name: Bruun, Georg M.
name: Nelson, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in cold atom experimentation suggest that studies of quantum two-dimensional melting of dipolar molecules, with dipoles aligned perpendicular to ordering plane, may be on the horizon. An intriguing aspect of this problem is that two-dimensional \emph{classical} aligned dipoles (already studied in great detail in soft matter experiments on magnetic colloids) are known to melt via a two-stage process, with an intermediate hexatic phase separating the usual crystal and isotropic fluid phases. We estimate here the effect of quantum fluctuations on this hexatic phase, for both dipolar systems and charged Wigner crystals. Our approximate phase diagrams rely on a pair of Lindemann criteria, suitably adapted to deal with effects of thermal fluctuations in two dimensions. As part of our analysis, we determine the phonon spectra of quantum particles on a triangular lattice interacting with repulsive $1/r^3$ and $1/r$ potentials. A large softening of the transverse and longitudinal phonon frequencies, due to both lattice effects and quantum fluctuations, plays a significant role in our analysis. The hexatic phase is predicted to survive down to very low temperatures.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Version 2 includes minor revisions and a few new references
title: Posterior Interosseous Nerve Entrapment-an uncommon entity
Creators: name: Kalia, Vishal
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Anatomy
subject: Extremities
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 13 years-old female was referred to the plastic surgery for a left-hand deformity characterized by persistent flexion of the index through small digits, and persistent flexion of the wrist with ulnar deviation. There was no history of trauma, infection, or neuromuscular disorders. The patient's mother underwent an uncomplicated pregnancy, labor, and delivery.

description: 13 years, female
title: Physical Activity, Social Support, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Visual Impairment
Creators: name: Otterness, Tayah Lynn
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in physical activity (PA), social support for exercise, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with visual impairments (VI). Due to limited existing literature, this study was used to investigate variables that may impact HRQoL among the specified population. This study used a cross-sectional design and online surveys to determine relationships between the examined variables. Data was collected via Qualtrics Surveying and Google Forms Software. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Version (IPAQ-SF), a 7-day recall of walking, moderate PA, vigorous PA, and sedentary time. HRQoL was measured using the SF-12 survey, which consists of 12 questions evaluating vitality, physical health, mental health, and social functioning. Social support for exercise was evaluated using the Social Support for Exercise Scale (SSES). This scale measures support for exercise from family and friends. Analyses included 80 total participants, consisting of 28 men and 52 women with VI. The SF-12 was summed into separate physical and mental health components and PA was summed into a combined variable of moderate/vigorous PA (MVPA) METmin/week. The SSES was scored into family participation, family rewards and punishment, and friend participation categories. Data were non-normally distributed, with descriptive statistics being presented as the medians and 25th and 75th percentiles. Participants were grouped into 2 visual classification categories, blind and low vision. Measures of central tendency between visual classifications were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine associations between PA-related variables (MET-min/week, sedentary time) and HRQoL components (mental and physical). Significant correlations were observed between physical HRQoL and age (p = 0.003) and physical HRQoL and BMI (p = 0.001). BMI was also found to significantly correlate with sitting time (p = 0.003). With each 0.15 increase in hours of sitting per day (B = 0.151), there was a one unit increase in BMI. A modest sample size may have impacted the likelihood of observing trends among participation in PA, HRQoL, and social support among adults with VI.
Use of community-level data in the National Children’s Study to establish the representativeness of segment selection in the Queens Vanguard Site
Creators: name: Andrews, Howard F.
name: Susser, Ezra S.
name: Rundle, Andrew G.
name: Rauh, Virginia A.
name: Quinn, James
name: Lovasi, Gina Schellenbaum
name: Trasande, Leonardo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public health
Biometry

description: The WHO Multiple Exposures Multiple Effects (MEME) framework identifies community contextual variables as central to the study of childhood health. Here we identify multiple domains of neighborhood context, and key variables describing the dimensions of these domains, for use in the National Children’s Study (NCS) site in Queens. We test whether the neighborhoods selected for NCS recruitment, are representative of the whole of Queens County, and whether there is sufficient variability across neighborhoods for meaningful studies of contextual variables. Nine domains (demographic, socioeconomic, households, birth rated, transit, playground/greenspace, safety and social disorder, land use, and pollution sources) and 53 indicator measures of the domains were identified. Geographic information systems were used to create community-level indicators for US Census tracts containing the 18 study neighborhoods in Queens selected for recruitment, using US Census, New York City Vital Statistics, and other sources of community-level information. Mean and inter-quartile range values for each indicator were compared for Tracts in recruitment and non-recruitment neighborhoods in Queens. Across the nine domains, except in a very few instances, the NCS segment-containing tracts (N = 43) were not statistically different from those 597 populated tracts in Queens not containing portions of NCS segments; variability in most indicators was comparable in tracts containing and not containing segments. In a diverse urban setting, the NCS segment selection process succeeded in identifying recruitment areas that are, as a whole, representative of Queens County, for a broad range of community-level variables.
Engaging research: Empowering ESL/EFL teachers to teach pronunciation
Creators: name: Kirkova-Naskova, Anastazija
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: pronunciation research
pronunciation teaching
research-practice link
classroom practices
professional development

description: This chapter is based on the plenary talk given by the author at the 7th International Conference English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP 7) held May 18–20, 2022 at Université Grenoble-Alpes, France.