Paracymbiomma caecus Rodrigues & Cizauskas & Rheims 2018, sp. nov
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Bruno V. B.
name: Cizauskas, Igor
name: Rheims, Cristina A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Gnaphosidae
Paracymbiomma
Paracymbiomma caecus

description: Paracymbiomma caecus sp. nov
Figs 6, 13, 65–68, 74, 75
Type material. Male holotype from Brazil, Pará, Canaã dos Carajás (FLONA Carajás), Cave S11D-17, (06°23'56''S 50°21'23''W), 13–31 January 2010, I. Cizauskas et. al. leg., deposited in IBSP 174169. Paratype: one female from Brazil, Pará, Canaã dos Carajás (FLONA Carajás), Cave-0038 (CAV-38), (06°24'46''S 50°22'14''W), 22–28 September 2010, I. Cizauskas et. al. leg., deposited in (IBSP 174170).
Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective, caecus (blind), in reference to the absence of eyes in this species.
Diagnosis. P. caecus sp. nov. are distinguished from other congeners by the absence of eyes (Fig. 13); males resemble those of P. bocaina sp. nov. by the ovoid tegulum and embolar insertion at 3 o’clock position, but differ by the very long tibia, as long as cymbium length (Figs 65, 66); females resemble those of P. bocaina sp. nov. by the epigyne with circular atrium and vulva with copulatory duct with thicker laterals and distal part of translucent duct without loop, but are distinguished by posterior epigynal plate recurved (slightly procurved in P. bocaina sp. nov.) (Figs 67, 68).
Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 3.9. Carapace 1.6 long, 1.35 wide; abdomen ALS 2.1 long, 1.05 wide; sternum 1.05 long, 0.8 wide; spinnerets 0.6 long, 0.2 wide. Eyes absent. Chelicerae 0.74 long; 2 retromarginal short and sparse teeth and 3 promarginal teeth. Leg formula 4123; measurements: I: 6.64 (1.64, 1.02, 1.6, 1.4, 0.98); II: 6.18 (1.6, 0.88, 1.5, 1.28, 0.92); III: 5.26 (1.4, 0.72, 1.12, 1.14, 0.88); IV: 7.08 (1.72, 0.84, 1.7, 1.7, 1.12). Leg spination: I (right leg) – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-0; tibia v2-2 -2; metatarsus v4 -0-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-1-2, r0-1-1; tibia p0-0-1, v2-2 -2; metatarsus v4 -0-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; tibia d1-0-0, p1- 0-1, r1-0-1, v2-2 -2; metatarsus d0-2-0; p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2 -0- 2. IV – femur d1-1-1, p1-0-1, r1-0-1; tibia d1-1-0,p1-0- 1, r1-0-1, v2-2 -2; metatarsus p1-1-1, r2-0-1, v2-2 -2. Palp: femur with five dorsal spines, one median and four posterior; RTA tapered; median apophysis conical with small hook at distal part, apically directed; embolar insertion with reservoir ventral and retrolaterally visible (Figs 65, 66).
Female: (paratype). Total length: 4.15. Carapace 1.9 long, 1.42 wide; abdomen 2.1 long, 1.25 wide; sternum 1.15 long, 0.85 wide; spinnerets ALS 0.4 long, 0.16 wide. Eyes absents. Chelicerae 0.9 long; 2 retromarginal short and sparse teeth and 3 promarginal teeth. Leg formula 4123; measurements: I: 5.98 (1.64, 0.9, 1.4, 1.16, 0.88); II: 5.76 (1.64, 0.88, 1.28, 1.12, 0.84); III: 5.32 (1.48, 0.76, 1.08, 1.12, 0.88); IV: 7.04 (1.84, 0.84, 1.64, 1.60, 1.12). Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-0, p0-1-1; tibia v2-2 -2; metatarsus v4 -0-0. II – femur d1-1-0; tibia v2-2 -2; metatarsus v2- 1 r-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p1-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-2 -1r; metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v4 -0- 1. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d1-0-1, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-2 -1r; metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v4 -0-1. Epigyne: copulatory duct visible ventrally with lateral part much thicker than median part (Fig. 67); atrium with sclerotized lateral margin. Vulva: secondary spermathecae small, rounded, on long narrow stalk (Fig. 68).
Distribution. Pará, Brazil (Fig. 75).
Other material examined. None.
Natural history. Paracymbiomma caecus sp. nov. was collected in two small caves distant approximately 2 km from each other with horizontal projection between 10 m and 20 m in the region of Serra Sul (FLONA de Carajas). The male was collected in the small twilight zone in the cave, accessed through a 40 cm diameter hole (Fig. 78). The specimens were collected in disphotic zone with high humidity (Fig. 79). Differently from P. bocaina sp. nov., the specimens show a combination of morphological characteristics, such as eye loss, depigmentation and appendage elongation that suggest a restriction to the subterranean environment.
description: Published as part of Rodrigues, Bruno V. B., Cizauskas, Igor & Rheims, Cristina A., 2018, Description of Paracymbiomma gen. nov., a new genus of prodidomid spiders from the Neotropical region (Araneae: Prodidomidae) including a new troglobite species, pp. 301-331 in Zootaxa 4514 (3) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2608011