cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2 of A simple method to evaluate the air-to-ground coupling efficiency: a tool helping the assessment of seismic/infrasonic energy partitioning during an eruption
Creators: name: Ichihara, Mie
name: Yamakawa, Kazuya
name: Muramatsu, Dan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Contamination effect of volcanic tremors
UFO 2.0 - The Universal Feynman Output format
Creators: name: Darmé, Luc
name: Degrande, Céline
name: Duhr, Claude
name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Goodsell, Mark
name: Heinrich, Gudrun
name: Hirschi, Valentin
name: Höche, Stefan
name: Höfer, Marius
name: Isaacson, Joshua
name: Mattelaer, Olivier
name: Ohl, Thorsten
name: Pagani, Davide
name: Reuter, Juergen
name: Richardson, Peter
name: Schumann, Steffen
name: Shao, Hua-Sheng
name: Siegert, Frank
name: Zaro, Marco
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: correction, quantum
Feynman
philosophy
programming
modular
higher-order
renormalization group
form factor
propagator

description: We present an update of the Universal FeynRules Output model format, commonly known as the UFO format, that is used by several automated matrix-element generators and high-energy physics software. We detail different features that have been proposed as extensions of the initial format during the last ten years, and collect them in the current second version of the model format that we coin the Universal Feynman Output format. Following the initial philosophy of the UFO, they consist of flexible and modular additions to address particle decays, custom propagators, form factors, the renormalisation group running of parameters and masses, and higher-order quantum corrections.
Second order dissipative fluid dynamics from kinetic theory
Creators: name: Betz, B.
name: Denicol, G. S.
name: Koide, T.
name: Molnar, E.
name: Niemi, H.
name: Rischke, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the equations of second order dissipative fluid dynamics from the relativistic Boltzmann equation following the method of W. Israel and J. M. Stewart. We present a frame independent calculation of all first- and second-order terms and their coefficients using a linearised collision integral. Therefore, we restore all terms that were previously neglected in the original papers of W. Israel and J. M. Stewart.
description: 8 pages, added references and corrected typos; Proceedings for HCBM 2010: International Workshop on Hot and Cold Baryonic Matter 2010, 15-20 August 2010, Budapest, Hungary
Exotic heat PDE's
Creators: name: Prástaro, Agostino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N22, 58J32, 57R20, 20H15

description: Exotic heat equations that allow to prove the Poincaré conjecture, some related problems and suitable generalizations too are considered. The methodology used is the PDE's algebraic topology, introduced by A. Prástaro in the geometry of PDE's, in order to characterize global solutions.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Internalized and Anticipated Stigmatization in Patients With Gout
Creators: name: Kleinstäuber, Maria
name: Wolf, Leonie
name: Jones, Annie S. K.
name: Dalbeth, Nicola
name: Petrie, Keith J.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Objective To investigate the relationship between stigma perception and demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. Methods A sample of 50 patients with gout and prescribed urate-lowering medication (84% were males, mean serum urate 0.34 mmol/l) completed questionnaires on internalized and anticipated stigma, demographics, clinical gout-related variables, and psychosocial variables (illness perceptions, illness-related disability, illness-related body satisfaction, intentional nonadherence). Serum urate level was obtained from the most recent blood test. Results In this sample, 26% experienced internalized stigma, 26% expected to be stigmatized by friends or family members, and 14% by health care workers. Univariate regression analyses showed that younger age, ethnicity other than New Zealand European, increased severity of gout pain, cognitive and emotional illness perceptions, greater illness-related disability, and increased intentional nonadherence to urate-lowering medication were associated with increased internalized and anticipated stigma. Younger age, emotional illness response, and intentional nonadherence were the only variables explaining incremental variance of the experience of anticipated stigma in a multivariate regression model. Conclusion Internalized and anticipated illness-related stigma was reported by a subgroup of patients with gout. The experience of stigma is associated with younger age, a negative emotional illness response, and intentions to not adhere with a medical treatment.
The multiple planets transiting Kepler-9 I. Inferring stellar properties and planetary compositions
Creators: name: Havel, Mathieu
name: Guillot, Tristan
name: Valencia, Diana
name: Crida, Aurélien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of multiple transiting planetary systems offers new possibilities for characterising exoplanets and understanding their formation. The Kepler-9 system contains two Saturn-mass planets, Kepler-9b and 9c. Using evolution models of gas giants that reproduce the sizes of known transiting planets and accounting for all sources of uncertainties, we show that Kepler-9b (respectively 9c) contains $45^{+17}_{-12}$\,\mearth\ (resp. $31^{+13}_{-10}$\,\mearth) of hydrogen and helium and $35^{+10}_{-15}$\,\mearth (resp. $24^{+10}_{-12}$\,\mearth) of heavy elements. More accurate constraints are obtained when comparing planets 9b and 9c: the ratio of the total mass fractions of heavy elements are $Z_{\rm b}/Z_{\rm c}=1.02\pm 0.14$, indicating that, although the masses of the planets differ, their global composition is very similar, an unexpected result for formation models. Using evolution models for super-Earths, we find that Kepler-9d must contain less than 0.1% of its mass in hydrogen and helium and predict a mostly rocky structure with a total mass between 4 and 16\,\mearth.
description: 5 pages + 7 pages of online material ; revised article submitted to A\&A and accepted on March 30
On the Origins of Fracture Toughness in Advanced Teleosts: How the Swordfish Sword's Bone Structure and Composition Allow for Slashing under Water to Kill or Stun Prey
Creators: name: Schmidt, Felix N.
name: Zimmermann, Elizabeth A.
name: Walsh, Flynn
name: Plumeyer, Christine
name: Schaible, Eric
name: Fiedler, Imke A. K.
name: Milovanovic, Petar
name: Rößle, Manfred
name: Amling, Michael
name: Blanchet, Clément
name: Gludovatz, Bernd
name: Ritchie, Robert O.
name: Busse, Björn
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract The osseous sword of a swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is specialized to incapacitate prey with stunning blows. Considering the sword's growth and maturation pattern, aging from the sword's base to the tip, while missing a mechanosensitive osteocytic network, an in-depth understanding of its mechanical properties and bone quality is lacking. Microstructural, compositional, and nanomechanical characteristics of the bone along the sword are investigated to reveal structural mechanisms accounting for its exceptional mechanical competence. The degree of mineralization, homogeneity, and particle size increase from the base toward the tip, reflecting aging along its length. Fracture experiments reveal that crack-growth toughness vastly decreases at the highly and homogeneously mineralized tip, suggesting the importance of aging effects. Initiation toughness, however, is unchanged suggesting that aging effects on this hierarchical level are counteracted by constant mineral/fibril interaction. In conclusion, the sword of the swordfish provides an excellent model reflecting base-to-tip-wise aging of bone, as indicated by increasing mineralization and decreasing crack-growth toughness toward the tip. The hierarchical, structural, and compositional changes along the sword reflect peculiar prerequisites needed for resisting high mechanical loads. Further studies on advanced teleosts bone tissue may help to unravel structure–function relationships of heavily loaded skeletons lacking mechanosensing cells.
Hole spectral functions in lightly doped quantum antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Kar, Satyaki
name: Manousakis, Efstratios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hole and magnon spectral functions as a function of hole doping in the two-dimensional (2D) t-J and t-t'-t"-J models working within the limits of the spin-wave theory, by linearizing the hole-spin-deviation interaction and by adapting the non-crossing approximation (NCA). We find that the staggered magnetization decreases rather rapidly with doping and it goes to zero at a few percent of hole concentration in both t-J and the t-t'-t"-J model. We find that with doping, the residue of the quasiparticle peak at G=(pi/2,pi/2) decreases rapidly with doping and the spectral function is in agreement with high resolution angle-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies of the copper-oxide superconductors. The observed large shift of the chemical potential inside the Mott gap is found to be a result of broadening of the quasiparticle peak. We find pockets centered at G, similar to those observed by quantum oscillation measurements, (i) with an elliptical shape with large eccentricity along the anti-nodal direction in the case of the t-J model, and (ii) with an almost circular shape in the case of the t-t'-t"-J model. We also find that the spectral intensity distribution in the doped antiferromagnet has a waterfall-like patten along the nodal direction of the Brillouin zone, a feature that is also seen in ARPES measurements.
description: 13 two-column pages and 21 figures
The Impact of Hot Jupiters on the Spin-down of their Host Stars
Creators: name: Cohen, O.
name: Drake, J. J
name: Kashyap, V. L.
name: Sokolov, I. V.
name: Gombosi, T. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) study of the dependence of stellar mass and angular momentum- loss rates on the orbital distance to close-in giant planets. We find that the mass loss rate drops by a factor of $\approx$1.5-2, while the angular momentum loss rate drops by a factor of $\approx$4 as the distance decreases past the Alfvén surface. This reduction in angular momentum loss is due to the interaction between the stellar and planetary Alfvén surfaces, which modifies the global structure of the stellar corona and stellar wind on the hemisphere facing the planet, as well as the opposite hemisphere. The simulation also shows that the magnitude of change in angular momentum loss rate depends mostly on the strength of the planetary magnetic field and not on its polarity. The interaction however, begins at greater separation if the overall field topology of the star and the planet are of anti-aligned. Our results are consistent with evidence for excess angular momentum in stars harboring close-in giant planets, and show that the reduction in wind-driven angular momentum loss can compete with, and perhaps dominate, spin-up due to tidal interaction.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Structural origin of gap states in semicrystalline polymers and the implications for charge transport
Creators: name: Rivnay, Jonathan
name: Noriega, Rodrigo
name: Northrup, John E.
name: Kline, R. Joseph
name: Toney, Michael F.
name: Salleo, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the degree of disorder in the π-π stacking direction of crystallites of a high performing semicrystalline semiconducting polymer with advanced X-ray lineshape analysis. Using first principles calculations, we obtain the density of states of a system of π-π stacked polymer chains with increasing amounts of paracrystalline disorder. We find that for an aligned film of PBTTT the paracrystalline disorder is 7.3%. This type of disorder induces a tail of trap states with a breadth of ~100 meV as determined through calculation. This finding agrees with previous device modeling and provides physical justification for the mobility edge model.
description: Text and figures are unchanged in the new version of the file. The only modification is the addition of a funding source to the acknowledgments
Asymmetries of the Stokes V profiles observed by HINODE SOT/SP in the quiet Sun
Creators: name: Viticchié, B.
name: Almeida, J. Sánchez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first classification of SOT/SP circular polarization measurements with the aim of highlighting exhaustively the whole variety of Stokes V shapes emerging from the quiet Sun. k-means is used to classify HINODE SOT/SP Stokes V profiles observed in the quiet Sun network and internetwork (IN). We analyze a 302 x 162 square arcsec field-of-view (FOV) which can be considered a complete sample of quiet Sun measurements performed at at the disk center with 0.32 arcsec angular resolution and 0.001 polarimetric sensitivity. Such a classification allows us to divide the whole dataset in classes, with each class represented by a cluster profile, i.e., the average of the profiles in the class. The set of 35 cluster profiles derived from the analysis completely characterizes SOT/SP quiet Sun measurements. The separation between network and IN profile shapes is evident - classes in the network are not present in the IN, and vice versa. Asymmetric profiles are approximatively 93 % of the total number of profiles. Among these, approximatively 34 % of the profiles are strongly asymmetric profiles, and they can be divided in three families: blue-lobe, red-lobe, and Q-like profiles. The blue-lobe profiles tend to be associated with upflows (granules), whereas the red-lobe and Q-like ones appear in downflows (intergranular lanes). Such profiles need to be interpreted considering model atmospheres different from a uniformly magnetized Milne-Eddington (ME) atmosphere, i.e., characterized by gradients and/or discontinuities in the magnetic field and velocity along the line-of-sight (LOS).
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
The general theory of crime applied to bullying perpetration : does school climate moderate the relationship between self-control and bullying?
Creators: name: Starosta, Lindsay
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: In order to understand bullying behaviour, one must consider student characteristics, the social context of the behaviour, and the interactions among them. To this end, this study examined the applicability of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime to bullying perpetration, which posits that crime and other deviant behaviours are a manifestation of two converging factors: low self-control and opportunity. This study explored whether school climate served as an “opportunity” for bullying behaviour. An ethnically diverse sample of 979 students in grades 4-7 reported on the frequency with which they engaged in bullying, their perceptions of school climate, and their levels of self-control. Results revealed that low self-control and various school climate factors each predicted bullying perpetration, although the interaction between the variables was not significant. That is, students with low self-control were more likely to engage in bullying behaviours, as were individuals with poorer perceptions of school climate. These results highlight the necessity for bullying interventions to consider both individual characteristics and social contexts. Specifically, schools would benefit from implementing programs that address social emotional learning with a particular focus on fostering self-control and positive school climates.
Homogeneous Catalyst Recycling and Separation of a Multicomponent Mixture Using Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Creators: name: Schnoor, Johann-Kilian
name: Fuchs, Martin
name: Böcking, Axel
name: Wessling, Matthias
name: Liauw, Marcel A.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract In homogeneous catalysis, the application of organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has become a well-known alternative to common recycling methods. Even though some OSN membranes are commercially available, their classification and the scope of application have to be determined for the specific solvent mixture. The commercial membrane Evoniks DuraMem® 300 was tested in a mixture of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and cyclohexane with magnesium triflate as possible catalyst. The cross permeate fluxes were measured for two transmembrane pressures and the hydrodynamic radii of the components were determined. Some of the components in the ternary mixture are retained, which makes the membrane also suitable for fractioning thereof.
Giant QCD K-factors beyond NLO
Creators: name: Rubin, Mathieu
name: Salam, Gavin P.
name: Sapeta, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadronic observables in Z+jet events can be subject to large NLO corrections at TeV scales, with K-factors that even reach values of order 50 in some cases. We develop a method, LoopSim, by which approximate NNLO predictions can be obtained for such observables, supplementing NLO Z+jet and NLO Z+2-jet results with a unitarity-based approximation for missing higher loop terms. We first test the method against known NNLO results for Drell-Yan lepton pt spectra. We then show our approximate NNLO results for the Z+jet observables. Finally we examine whether the LoopSim method can provide useful information even in cases without giant K-factors, with results for observables in dijet events that can be compared to early LHC data.
description: 38 pages, 13 figures; v2 includes additional references
Negishi's Reagent Versus Rosenthal's Reagent in the Formation of Zirconacyclopentadienes
Creators: name: Urrego-Riveros, Sara
name: Ramirez Y Medina, Isabel-Maria
name: Duvinage, Daniel
name: Lork, Enno
name: Sönnichsen, Frank D.
name: Staubitz, Anne
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Zirconacyclopentadienes are versatile precursors for a large number of heteroles, which are accessible by Zr-element exchange reactions. The vast majority of reports describe their preparation by the use of Negishi′s reagent, which is a species that is formed in situ. The zirconacyclopentadiene is then formed by the addition of one equivalent of a diyne or two equivalents of a monoyne moiety to this Negishi species. Another route involves Rosenthal′s reagent (Cp2Zr(py)Me3SiC≡CSiMe3), which then reacts with a diyne or monoyne moiety. In this work, the efficiency of both routes was compared in terms of reaction time, stability of the product in the reaction mixture, and yield. The synthetic implications of using both routes are evaluated. Novel zirconacyclopentadienes were synthesized, characterized directly from the reaction mixture, and crystal structures could be obtained in most cases.
A rare case of a patient with PPP syndrome presenting pancreatic pseudocysts, panniculitis, and symptoms of polyarthritis. A radicular cyst of the upper jaw could be another manifestation of the syndrome
Creators: name: Konschake, Wolfgang
name: Westphal, Thea
name: Jünger, Michael
name: Arnold, Andreas
name: Lutze, Stine
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Abstract In rare cases, pancreatic enzymes can enter the bloodstream and cause fat necrosis in the bone and tissue leading to a disorder called pancreatitis, panniculitis, and polyarthritis syndrome. Clinicians should have this syndrome in mind when treating patients with pancreatitis.
Diffusion of labor standards through supplier–subcontractor networks: An agent-based model
Creators: name: Gold, Stefan
name: Chesney, Thomas
name: Gruchmann, Tim
name: Trautrims, Alexander
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Abstract Subcontracting represents a popular business model in supply chains across industries. In the case of hidden subcontracting, subcontractors are beyond the visible horizon of the (focal) buying firm. Hence, buyers must rely on a cascading effect for diffusing practices such as compliance with labor standards through their supply networks. Motivated by the case of the Bangladeshi garment industry, we constructed an agent-based model with buyers, first-tier suppliers, and subcontractors as agents in a supply network in order to study the impact of network characteristics on the diffusion of labor standards. Our model followed a power-based diffusion rule that emphasized the coercive power that buyers use to pressure their suppliers into adopting labor standards. This rule is a key underlying assumption of compliance-based supplier management. Hypotheses regarding power asymmetries through centrality and density of specific network components, as well as structural elements of the network, such as complexity and distance, were tested for different industry scenarios. Our analysis demonstrated that network asymmetries have ample negative effects on the adoption of labor standards, whereas complexity plays a minor role. Moreover, the impact of the tested structural determinants for sustainability diffusion was found to be contingent on specific industry types in the garment industry. This paper discusses its findings in light of previous research on subcontracting and multitier supply chain management. Among others, we highlight how subcontracting increases horizontal complexity at each supply chain tier, and how intermediaries such as sustainability nexus suppliers may crucially affect the adoption of labor standards within industries.
Functionalized Lipopeptide Micelles as Highly Efficient NMR Depolarization Seed Points for Targeted Cell Labelling in Xenon MRI
Creators: name: Schnurr, Matthias
name: Volk, Ines
name: Nikolenko, Heike
name: Winkler, Lars
name: Dathe, Margitta
name: Schröder, Leif
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Abstract Improving diagnostic imaging and therapy by targeted compound delivery to pathological areas and across biological barriers is of urgent need. A lipopeptide, P-CrA-A2, composed of a highly cationic peptide sequence (A2), an N-terminally attached palmitoyl chain (P) and cryptophane molecule (CrA) for preferred uptake into blood–brain barrier (BBB) capillary endothelial cells, was generated. CrA allows reversible binding of Xe for NMR detection with hyperpolarized nuclei. The lipopeptide forms size-optimized micelles with a diameter of about 11 nm at low micromolar concentration. Their high local CrA payload has a strong and switchable impact on the bulk magnetization through Hyper-CEST detection. Covalent fixation of CrA does not impede micelle formation and does not hamper its host functionality but simplifies Xe access to hosts for inducing saturation transfer. Xe Hyper-CEST magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for distinguishing BBB endothelial cells from control aortic endothelial cells, and the small micelle volume with a sevenfold improved CrA-loading density compared to liposomal carriers allows preferred cell labelling with a minimally invasive volume (≈16 000-fold more efficient than 19F cell labelling). Thus, these nanoscopic particles combine selectivity for human brain capillary endothelial cells with great sensitivity of Xe Hyper-CEST MRI and might be a potential MRI tool in brain diagnostics.
Designing for authoring and sharing of advanced personalization
Creators: name: Haraty, Mona
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Interactive technologies have become prevalent in all aspects of life including managing our tasks, looking for information, and connecting with others. We often adapt our behaviors, consciously or unconsciously, to accommodate the technology. The unique nature of our needs and preferences, and how they change over time are better supported with technologies that are designed to be personalizable. Lack of personalization facilities limits our range of behaviors. In this dissertation, we focus on understanding and supporting differences in individuals’ behaviors through forms of personalization that are beyond choosing among a set of predefined options, by allowing users to author new functionalities. We refer to such personalizations as “advanced personalizations.” Authoring advanced personalizations, when supported, is often time-consuming and requires programming skills. Consequently, either because of lack of ability or time, many users take advantage of personalizations created and shared by others. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to design for authoring and sharing of advanced personalizations. We explore this goal in the domain of personal task management (PTM), where rich individual differences deeply influence user behavior and tool use. First, to gain insights into individual differences in PTM as well as changes in PTM behaviors over time, we conducted a series of studies: a focus group and contextual interviews in an academic setting, a large survey questionnaire with a broader population, and follow-up interviews with some of the survey respondents. These studies provide insights into different types of advanced perosnalizations that a PTM tool needs to support. Next, we designed a personalizable PTM tool with two key components for authoring advanced personalizations, building on ideas from end user programming approaches, and following theoretical guidelines on designing personalizable tools such as meta-design guidelines. A controlled user study of our design revealed opportunities and challenges in supporting advanced personalization, and our detailed design process provides a practical starting point for designing personalizable tools. Finally, through studying personalization sharing practices, we characterized the multi-faceted nature of online personalization sharing ecosystems, which include multiple components for hosting personalizations, discussing, and managing them. Our findings also highlight tradeoffs and design considerations in such ecosystems.
Escalation in mucus cystatin 2, pappalysin-A, and periostin levels over time predict need for recurrent surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Creators: name: Mueller, Sarina K.
name: Wendler, Olaf
name: Nocera, Angela
name: Grundtner, Philipp
name: Schlegel, Patrick
name: Agaimy, Abbas
name: Iro, Heinrich
name: Bleier, Benjamin S.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is treated using oral/topical steroids and surgery. Despite maximal medical therapy, some patients remain recalcitrant. Mucus cystatin 2, pappalysin-A, and periostin can predict the presence of CRSwNP and correlate with disease severity. This study was designed to determine whether prospective sampling of these mucus proteins could predict medical failure and the need for revision surgery. Methods This investigation was an institutional review board‒approved, prospective study of 66 patients with CRSwNP. All patients underwent surgery, administration of topical/oral steroids, and outpatient mucus sampling at 10 time-points over 2 years. Five proteins, including cystatin 2 (CST2), pappalysin-A (PAPP-A), and periostin (PST), were analyzed and correlated with subjective parameters (including scores on the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test [SNOT-22]). Variables were then analyzed and compared between those requiring revision surgery within 2 years (n = 5) and those with stable disease (n = 61). Results All patients demonstrated a significant decline in CST2, PAPP-A, and periostin after their initial surgery. The recalcitrant group demonstrated escalations in all proteins despite steroids, with levels higher than those of the stable group at 1 year (CST2: 258.1 ± 205.2 pg/mL vs 235.3 ± 275.7 pg/mL, p = 0.86; PAPP-A: 170.3 ± 150.4 pg/mL vs 74.6 ± 106.7 pg/mL, p < 0.05; periostin: 188.8 ± 192.4 ng/mL vs 54.5 ± 47.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Escalation in all proteins correlated significantly with worsening SNOT-22 score at each time-point (domain 1: 8.2 ± 1.3 vs 5.5 ± 1.1; p < 0.05). Conclusion Early recurrences and medical recalcitrance in CRSwNP may be predicted noninvasively through the serial, prospective sampling of mucus CST2, PAPP-A, and periostin levels. These biosignatures may help to predict disease course and guide individualized therapy.
Identification of 11 potential malaria vaccine candidates using Bioinformatics
Creators: name: Isea, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this paper, we suggested eleven protein targets to be used as possible vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum causative agent of almost two to three million deaths per year. A comprehensive analysis of protein target have been selected from the small experimental fragment of antigen in the P. falciparum genome, all of them common to the four stages of the parasite life cycle (i.e., sporozoites, merozoites, trophozoites and gametocytes). The potential vaccine candidates should be analyzed in silico technique using various bioinformatics tools. Finally, the possible protein target according to PlasmoDB gene ID are PFC0975c, PFE0660c, PF08_0071, PF10_0084, PFI0180w, MAL13P1.56, PF14_0192, PF13_0141, PF14_0425, PF13_0322, y PF14_0598.
description: 5 pages
Heterobifunctional Rotaxanes for Asymmetric Catalysis
Creators: name: Pairault, Noël
name: Zhu, Hui
name: Jansen, Dennis
name: Huber, Alexander
name: Daniliuc, Constantin G.
name: Grimme, Stefan
name: Niemeyer, Jochen
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Abstract Heterobifunctional rotaxanes serve as efficient catalysts for the addition of malonates to Michael acceptors. We report a series of four different heterobifunctional rotaxanes, featuring an amine-based thread and a chiral 1,1′-binaphthyl-phosphoric-acid-based macrocycle. High-level DFT calculations provided mechanistic insights and enabled rational catalyst improvements, leading to interlocked catalysts that surpass their non-interlocked counterparts in terms of reaction rates and stereoselectivities.
Photo-induced and Rapid Labeling of Tetrazine-Bearing Proteins via Cyclopropenone-Caged Bicyclononynes
Creators: name: Mayer, Susanne V.
name: Murnauer, Anton
name: Von Wrisberg, Marie-Kristin
name: Jokisch, Marie-Lena
name: Lang, Kathrin
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder cycloadditions (iEDDAC) between tetrazines and strained alkenes/alkynes have emerged as essential tools for studying and manipulating biomolecules. A light-triggered version of iEDDAC (photo-iEDDAC) is presented that confers spatio-temporal control to bioorthogonal labeling in vitro and in cellulo. A cyclopropenone-caged dibenzoannulated bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne probe (photo-DMBO) was designed that is unreactive towards tetrazines before light-activation, but engages in iEDDAC after irradiation at 365 nm. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs were discovered for efficient site-specific incorporation of tetrazine-containing amino acids into proteins in living cells. In situ light activation of photo-DMBO conjugates allows labeling of tetrazine-modified proteins in living E. coli. This allows proteins in living cells to be modified in a spatio-temporally controlled manner and may be extended to photo-induced and site-specific protein labeling in animals.
Seesaw Type I and III at the LHeC
Creators: name: Han, Liang
name: He, Xiao-Gang
name: Wen-Gan, Ma
name: Shao-Ming, Wang
name: Ren-You, Zhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the potential of testing the seesaw type I and III models at the LHeC, an e-p collision mode at the CERN collider. The e-p collision mode provides an excellent place to study lepton number violating process e^- p \to N j + X \to l^+ W^- j + X with W^- into hadron jets. Here N is a heavy Majorana neutrino and j is a hard hadron jet. With the electron energy E_e = 140 GeV and proton energy E_p = 7 TeV, we find that the cross section for the heavy neutrino N production can be as large as a few fb for the mass scale as high as 1 TeV, higher than what can be achieved by the p-p collision mode of LHC with the same related heavy neutrino couplings.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Resilient Structures and Robust Machine Learning Algorithms
Creators: name: Heinecke, Shelby Lynn
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Networks and learning algorithms are key themes in artificial intelligence (AI). Networks can be used to model the connections of a vast community of internet-of-things (IoT) devices, the internet, and distributed databases, among other important computing contexts for AI. Learning algorithms, which generate trained models, can be strategically designed to learn from a variety of data-rich networks, such as sensor networks, device networks, or even networks of humans working on crowdsourcing tasks. In real-world settings, noise generated from sources such as device inaccuracy or human error are unavoidable. Likewise, attacks in real-world networks, such as the injection of malware, are inevitable due to their ever-evolving sophistication. In this thesis, we study the intrusions of noise and malicious attacks on networks and learning from networks. We devise structural and algorithmic solutions for mitigating the effects of these unwanted intrusions. We first we consider viral propagation under the independent cascade model of infection spread on half-regular bipartite networks and characterize the most resilient structures. Then, we study learning and generalizing from a network of crowd workers, where crowd workers provide erroneous labels to unlabelled data at fixed, unknown error rates. In this setting, we develop a three-step probably approximately correct (PAC) algorithm that incorporates majority voting, pure-exploration bandits, and noisy-PAC learning and demonstrate our algorithm’s improvement over baseline approaches. Finally, we study learning from a network of participants, each with their own distribution on the unlabelled data in the presence of noise. We develop collaborative PAC algorithms robust to classification noise and prove sample complexity bounds. We also study the communication complexity of collaborative PAC learning, with and without classification noise, and develop communication efficient algorithms in both settings.
Dynamic Impedance Spectroscopy of Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Thin Films
Creators: name: Erinmwingbovo, Collins
name: Koster, Dominique
name: Brogioli, Doriano
name: La Mantia, Fabio
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Dynamic multi-frequency analysis (DMFA) is capable of acquiring high-quality frequency response of electrochemical systems under non-stationary conditions in a broad range of frequencies. In this work, we used DMFA to study the kinetics of (de-)intercalation of univalent cations (Na+ and K+) in thin films of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) during cyclic voltammetry. For this system, the classic stationary electrochemical impedance spectroscopy fails due to the instability of the oxidized form of NiHCF. We are showing that such spectra can be fitted with a physical model described by a simple two-step intercalation mechanism: an adsorption step followed by an insertion step. The extracted kinetic parameters are depending on the state of charge as well on the nature of the inserted cation.
Mapping of the cosmic ray events related to the solar activity for the period 2003-2005
Creators: name: Papaioannou, A.
name: Makrantoni, P.
name: Mavromichalaki, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between cosmic ray intensity decreases and solar events is still an open field of space research. In this work a complete study of solar events occurred from January 2003 to December 2005, is considered. This three-years time period characterized by an unexpected activity of the Sun was divided into 27-day intervals starting from BR 2313 (06.01.2003) to 2353 (21.12.2005), generating diagrams of the cosmic ray intensity data recorded at the Athens Neutron Monitor Station. This station is working at an altitude of 260m and cut-off rigidity 8.53GV provided to the Internet high-resolution data in real-time. A mapping of all available solar and interplanetary events, such as solar flares with importance M and X, coronal mass ejections (Halo and Partial) was done. As we are going down from the solar maximum to the declining phase of the 23rd solar cycle, a statistical overview of the corresponding relationship among these phenomena, the significant percentage of the connection of Halo CMEs and solar flares and the respective connection to Forbush decreases on yearly and monthly basis are discussed. The close association, as well as a probable quantitative analysis, between solar events is being denoted. The role of extreme solar events occurred in October / November 2003 and January 2005 is also discussed. Obtained results may be useful for predictions of transient solar events and space weather forecasting.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, 9th Elaset Conference
Assimilating visible satellite images for convective-scale numerical weather prediction: A case-study
Creators: name: Scheck, Leonhard
name: Weissmann, Martin
name: Bach, Liselotte
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Satellite images in the visible spectral range contain high-resolution cloud information, but have not been assimilated directly before. This paper presents a case-study on the assimilation of visible Meteosat SEVIRI images in a convective-scale data assimilation system based on a local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) in a near-operational set-up. For this purpose, a fast look-up table-based forward operator is used to generated synthetic satellite images from the model state. Single-observation experiments show that the assimilation of visible reflectances improves cloud cover under most conditions and often reduces temperature and humidity errors. In cycled experiments for two summer days with convective precipitation, the assimilation strongly reduces the errors of cloud cover and improves the precipitation forecast. While these results are promising, several issues are identified that limit the efficacy of the assimilation process. First, the linearity assumption of the LETKF can lead to errors as reflectance is a nonlinear function of the model state. Second, errors can arise from the fact that visible reflectances alone are ambiguous and only weakly sensitive to the water phase and cloud-top height. And lastly, it is not obvious how to localise vertical covariances as visible reflectances are sensitive to clouds at all heights. For the latter reason, no vertical localisation was used in this study. To investigate the robustness of the results, the horizontal localisation scale, the assigned observation error and the spatial density of observations were varied in sensitivity experiments. The best results were obtained for an observation error close to the Desroziers estimate. High observation density combined with small localisation radii resulted in the smallest 1 hr forecast error. These settings were also beneficial for 3 hr forecasts, but forecasts at that lead time were less sensitive to the observation density and the localisation scale.
Threat Detection using Information Flow Analysis on Kernel Audit Logs
Creators: name: Sadegh Momeni Milajerdi
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Kernel audit logs are a rich source of information containing the history of causal dependencies and information flows among system entities in a host system. The mainstream use of kernel audit logs is for forensic tasks to investigate cyberattacks retrospectively. In this dissertation, we develop efficient methods that make use of kernel audit logs for complex real-time security tasks, such as Advanced and Persistent Threat (APT) detection, attack scenario reconstruction, and cyber threat-hunting. To this end, we first process kernel audit logs into a platform-neutral provenance graph stored in the main memory and use it as a foundation to run various analytics. For APT detection, we develop techniques to produce a detection signal indicating the presence of a coordinated set of suspicious activities. For real-time attack scenario reconstruction, we develop an approach that utilizes information flow policies to identify entities and events that are involved in cyberattacks. For cyber threat-hunting, we develop an inexact graph pattern matching approach to align a query graph extracted from cyber threat intelligence to a provenance graph constructed out of kernel audit logs. The efficacy of the proposed methods is evaluated against real-world APT scenarios designed for adversarial engagements. These experiments contain millions of records and collectively involve months of audit log collection activity from a variety of hosts that run OS platforms such as Linux, FreeBSD, and Windows. The results indicate that the proposed methods are capable of efficiently searching these audit logs and pinpoint threats in real-time with high precision and low false alarm rate. Besides, these methods effectively produce summaries of attack campaigns that assist investigators in cyber response operations. In summary, this dissertation demonstrates that the low-level causal information inferred from kernel audit logs could be utilized to achieve robust and reliable threat detection methods that efficiently pinpoint threats and reveal the high-level picture of attacks by producing compact visual graphs of attack steps.
Processes governing the amplification of ensemble spread in a medium-range forecast with large forecast uncertainty
Creators: name: Baumgart, Marlene
name: Riemer, Michael
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: This study provides a process-based perspective on the amplification of forecast uncertainty and forecast errors in ensemble forecasts. A case from the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment that exhibits large forecast uncertainty is analysed. Two aspects of the ensemble behaviour are considered: (a) the mean divergence of the ensemble members, indicating the general amplification of forecast uncertainty, and (b) the divergence of the best and worst members, indicating extremes in possible error-growth scenarios. To analyse the amplification of forecast uncertainty, a tendency equation for the ensemble variance of potential vorticity (PV) is derived and partitioned into the contributions from individual processes. The amplification of PV variance is, on average for the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, dominated by near-tropopause dynamics. Locally, however, other processes can dominate the variance amplification, for example, in the region where tropical storm Karl interacts with the Rossby-wave pattern during extratropical transition. In this region, the variance amplification is dominated by upper-tropospheric divergence and tropospheric–deep interaction and is thereby mostly related to (moist baroclinic) cyclone development. The differences between the error growth in the best and worst ensemble members can, to a large part, be attributed to differences in the representation of cut-off evolution around 3 days, which subsequently amplifies substantially in the highly nonlinear region of the Rossby-wave pattern until 5 days. In terms of the processes, the differences in error growth are dominated by differences in the error growth by near-tropopause dynamics. The approach presented provides flow-dependent insight into the dynamics of forecast uncertainty and forecast errors and helps to understand better the different contributions of specific weather systems to the medium-range amplification of ensemble spread.
Materials for manufacturing low-tech, low-cost ceramic water filters and the business models for their distribution in Central America
Creators: name: Nichols, Brandon David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Water is a critical resource to the human race, yet half the planet's population experiences water scarcity and 780 million people do not have access to clean water sources year round. For those with no other choice but to drink from contaminated water sources, they are at risk of contracting a broad range of diseases, most commonly diarrhoea, which the second largest killer of children under the age of five. Residents living in rural areas of developing countries are primarily at risk, lacking access to basic water infrastructure and medical services. To provide clean water to those in need requires culturally appropriate technology that is simple to construct and local made. Ceramic Water Filter Pots (CWFPs) consist of porous clay that acts as a filter, which is coated with silver nanoparticles creating a system capable of removing 99.995% of bacterial pathogens from drinking water and built in any community in the world. Working with a nationally recognized NGO based in Nicaragua, Potters for Peace (PfP), this study aimed to determine the limiting factors of production of CWFP by examining the materials used in three factories in Nicaragua, and the business model used in Guatemala based EcoFiltro. Field work was conducted in three factories in Nicaragua, and one factory in Guatemala. Visual observations of the production methods, testing protocols and business practices were documented visually and used to contrast the facilities production and businesses practices. Clay samples were collected from the Maysuta (n=2) and Filtron (n=3) factories to be analyzed at the University of British Columbia. The Atterberg limits were determined on the samples and X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the mineral makeup of the five samples and the percentage and type of clay in each. This study outlines the limits of clay composition, specifically montmorillonite, which can be used to manufacture ceramic water filters that make a viable ceramic filter, and contrasts the business models of two ceramic water manufacturers.