cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ИСТОРИЯ ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ НАЛОГОВ И НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ
Creators: name: КЛЮКИНА Е.Д.
name: ЧЕРНОУСОВА К.С.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: НАЛОГИ
НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЕ
НАЛОГОВАЯ СИСТЕМА
ГОСУДАРСТВО
ИСТОРИЯ
ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАЛОГОВ
TAXES
TAXATION
TAX SYSTEM
STATE
HISTORY
STAGES OF TAX DEVELOPMENT

description: Статья посвящена истории развития налогов и системы налогообложения с момента их появления и по сей день. Рассматривая данное направление, можно понять, как развивалось государство, а также за счёт чего пополнялась государственная казна. Определено влияние налогообложения на экономическое развитие страны и социальное положение населения. Показана роль теории налогов и принципов налогообложения в экономической мысли. Вопрос о возникновении налогов относится к числу спорных. По мнению одних исследователей, зарождение налогов восходит к догосударственной эпохе. Другие авторы считают, что налоги появились после формирования государства. В данной статье мы рассмотрим обе теории и определим, какая из них правдивее.The article is devoted to the history of the development of taxes and the tax system from the moment they appeared to this day. Considering this direction, we can understand how the state developed, and also due to which the state treasury was replenished. The influence of taxation on the economic development of the country and the social status of the population is determined. The role of the theory of taxes and principles of taxation in economic thought is shown. The issue of taxes is controversial. According to some researchers, the emergence of taxes dates back to the pre-state era. Other authors believe that taxes appeared after the formation of the state. In this article, we will consider both theories and determine which one is truer.
Dark Matter Searches with Top Quarks
Creators: name: Behr, J. Katharina
name: Grohsjean, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collider signatures with top quarks provide sensitive probes of dark matter (DM) production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this article, we review the results of DM searches in final states with top quarks conducted by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the LHC, including the most recent results on the full LHC Run 2 dataset. We highlight the complementarity of DM searches in final states with top quarks with searches in other final states in the framework of various simplified models of DM. A re-interpretation of a DM search with top quarks in the context of an effective-field theory description of scalar dark energy is also discussed. Finally, we give an outlook on the potential of DM searches with top quarks in LHC Run 3, at the high-luminosity LHC, and possible future colliders. In this context, we highlight new benchmark models that could be probed by existing and future searches as well as those that predict still uncovered signatures of anomalous top-quark production and decays at the LHC.
description: Part of the Special Issue "Top Quark at the New Physics Frontier" (Universe): https://www.mdpi.com/journal/universe/special_issues/Top_Quark_NPF
SOCIAL MEDIA AND STRATEGIC CULTURE: AN ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN INFORMATION WARFARE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Creators: name: Redmond, Rachel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: In this paper, I analyze the impact of 21st century media on Russian information warfare regarding the European Union. The paper is divided into seven sections. The first presents an explanation of Soviet and Russian strategic culture. The second outlines the impact of social and internet media on Russian information warfare. The third expands on why a broken EU is beneficial to Russia. The fourth section analyzes Russian strategic culture as applied to Poland and Hungary. The fifth section describes how information warfare against Poland and Hungary affects the European Union as a whole. The seventh section analyzes the current Ukraine conflict and the type of information warfare we see utilized during the conflict.
(500095) Henry Edwards
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
HateProof: Are Hateful Meme Detection Systems really Robust?
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Piush
name: Chawla, Pranit
name: Das, Mithun
name: Saha, Punyajoy
name: Mathew, Binny
name: Zesch, Torsten
name: Mukherjee, Animesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Exploiting social media to spread hate has tremendously increased over the years. Lately, multi-modal hateful content such as memes has drawn relatively more traction than uni-modal content. Moreover, the availability of implicit content payloads makes them fairly challenging to be detected by existing hateful meme detection systems. In this paper, we present a use case study to analyze such systems' vulnerabilities against external adversarial attacks. We find that even very simple perturbations in uni-modal and multi-modal settings performed by humans with little knowledge about the model can make the existing detection models highly vulnerable. Empirically, we find a noticeable performance drop of as high as 10% in the macro-F1 score for certain attacks. As a remedy, we attempt to boost the model's robustness using contrastive learning as well as an adversarial training-based method - VILLA. Using an ensemble of the above two approaches, in two of our high resolution datasets, we are able to (re)gain back the performance to a large extent for certain attacks. We believe that ours is a first step toward addressing this crucial problem in an adversarial setting and would inspire more such investigations in the future.
description: Accepted at TheWebConf'2023 (WWW'2023)
(500088) John Read
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
АНАЛИЗ ВВЕДЕНИЯ НОВОГО НАЛОГОВОГО РЕЖИМА ДЛЯ САМОЗАНЯТЫХ ГРАЖДАН РФ
Creators: name: КУРНОСОВА А.В.
name: ЧЕРНОУСОВА К.С.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: САМОЗАНЯТЫЕ
ГОСУДАРСТВО
БЮДЖЕТ
НАЛОГ НА ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ДОХОД
НАЛОГОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА
ТЕНЕВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА
SELF-EMPLOYED
STATE
BUDGET
PROFESSIONAL INCOME TAX
TAX POLICY
SHADOW ECONOMY

description: В данной статье рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки нового специального налогового режима налога на профессиональный доход, предназначенного для граждан, которые без официального трудоустройства обеспечивают себя доходом. В работе систематизированы элементы налога: налогоплательщики, ставки налога, порядок и сроки его уплаты. Разобраны основные моменты, затрагивающие субъектов налога для самозанятых, а также рассчитан экономический эффект налога.This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a new special tax regime a tax on professional income, intended for citizens who provide themselves with income without official employment. The paper systematizes the elements of tax: taxpayers, tax rates, the procedure and timing of its payment. The main points affecting the subjects of the tax for the self-employed are analyzed, and the economic effect of the tax is calculated.
ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНОЕ СТРАХОВАНИЕ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ
Creators: name: АБДОРИН С.С.
name: МИНАЕВ А.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВО
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ СТРАХОВАНИЕ
ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИЕ
ЖИЗНЬ И ЗДОРОВЬЕ
ПРАВА И ОБЯЗАННОСТИ
LEGISLATION
STATE INSURANCE
MILITARY PERSONNEL
LIFE AND HEALTH
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS

description: В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы обязательного страхования большинства категорий лиц, подлежащих государственному страхованию. Страхование военнослужащих Министерства обороны Российской Федерации является частью единой государственной системы социальной защиты населения, при этом, представляется система страхования военнослужащих в виде совокупности экономических мер, предусматривающих реализацию их прав, льгот, гарантий и компенсаций органами государственной власти, органами военного управления; совершенствование механизмов и институтов социальной защиты указанных лиц; охрану их жизни и здоровья, а также иные меры, направленные на создание комфортных условий жизни и деятельности, соответствующих характеру службы и ее роли в обществе.This article discusses the issues of compulsory insurance for most categories of persons subject to state insurance. Insurance of military personnel of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is part of a unified state system of social protection of the population, while a military insurance system is presented in the form of a set of economic measures providing for the exercise of their rights, benefits, guarantees and compensations by state authorities, military administration bodies; improvement of mechanisms and institutions of social protection of these persons; protection of their life and health, as well as other measures aimed at creating comfortable living conditions and activities consistent with the nature of the service and its role in society.
ПРАВОМОЧИЯ СОТРУДНИКОВ ПОЛИЦИИ РОССИИ ПО ПРИМЕНЕНИЮ ОГНЕСТРЕЛЬНОГО ОРУЖИЯ В СРАВНЕНИИ С ПРАВОМОЧИЯМИ СОТРУДНИКОВ ПОЛИЦИИ США И ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ
Creators: name: АБЛАЕВ Р.Р.
name: АБЛАЕВ А.Р.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ПОЛИЦИЯ
ОГНЕСТРЕЛЬНОЕ ОРУЖИЕ
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОГНЕСТРЕЛЬНОГО ОРУЖИЯ
ПРАВОМОЧИЯ ПОЛИЦИИ
POLICE
FIREARMS
USE OF FIREARMS
POLICE POWERS

description: В статье проведен анализ правовых актов по применению правоохранительными органами Российской Федерации, США и Великобритании огнестрельного оружия. Приведены недостатки и преимущества правомочий полиции в каждой стране. В качестве выводов приведены основные различия применение полицейскими огнестрельного оружия в сравниваемых странах.The article analyzes legal acts on the use of firearms by law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation, the United States and the United Kingdom. The disadvantages and advantages of police powers in each country are presented. The main differences in the use of firearms by police officers in the compared countries are presented as conclusions.
ФОРС-МАЖОРНЫЕ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВА И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПРОЦЕСС ЗАКУПОК
Creators: name: АГЕЕВА А.К.
name: ПАУЛОВ П.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ФОРС-МАЖОРНЫЕ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВА
НЕПРЕОДОЛИМАЯ СИЛА
КОНТРАКТНЫЕ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВА
ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВ
FORCE MAJEURE
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
ENFORCEMENT OF OBLIGATIONS

description: Актуальность данной работы обусловлена существующим риском возникновения форс-мажорных обстоятельств в процессе осуществления закупок и заказов. В данном исследовании автором статьи рассматриваются определенные виды обстоятельств непреодолимой силы, их отличительные черты, рассмотрены проблемы, которые возникают при их наступлении, а также предложены способы минимизации негативного влияния форс-мажорных событий на участников закупокThe Relevance of this work is due to the existing risk of force majeure in the process of purchasing and ordering. In this study, the author of the article considers certain types of force majeure circumstances, their distinctive features, considers the problems that arise when they occur, and also suggests ways to minimize the negative impact of force majeure events on procurement participants
(500091) William Brooks
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Scaffolding Progress: How Structured Editors Shape Novice Errors When Transitioning from Blocks to Text
Creators: name: Kazemitabaar, Majeed
name: Chyhir, Viktar
name: Weintrop, David
name: Grossman, Tovi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transitioning from block-based programming to text-based programming environments can be challenging as it requires students to learn new programming language concepts. In this paper, we identify and classify the issues encountered when transitioning from block-based to text-based programming. In particular, we investigate differences that emerge in learners when using a structured editor compared to an unstructured editor. We followed 26 high school students (ages 12-16; M=14 years) as they transitioned from Scratch to Python in three phases: (i) learning Scratch, (ii) transitioning from Scratch to Python using either a structured or unstructured editor, and (iii) evaluating Python coding skills using an unstructured editor. We identify 27 distinct types of issues and show that learners who used a structured editor during the transition phase had 4.6x less syntax issues and 1.9x less data-type issues compared to those who did not. When these learners switched to an unstructured editor for evaluation, they kept a lower rate on data-type issues but faced 4x more syntax errors.
description: To be published in Proceedings of the 2023 SIGCSE technical symposium on computer science education, 7 pages, 3 figures
title: Übersetzung in Russisch: Tuberkulose
Creators: name: Ärztliches Zentrum Für Qualität In Der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Publisher: name: Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Kurzinformation für Patienten
К ВОПРОСУ О ПРАВОВОЙ ПРИРОДЕ КРИПТОВАЛЮТЫ В РОССИИ
Creators: name: АЗАРХИН А.В.
name: КАРЕВ Д.А.
name: КАВКАЕВА Ю.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: КРИПТОВАЛЮТА
ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ
ОБЪЕКТЫ ГРАЖДАНСКИХ ПРАВ
ИНОЕ ИМУЩЕСТВО
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ПРАВА
БЕЗДОКУМЕНТАРНЫЕ ЦЕННЫЕ БУМАГИ
БЕЗНАЛИЧНЫЕ ДЕНЕЖНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА
CRYPTOCURRENCY
LEGAL REGULATION
OBJECTS OF CIVIL RIGHTS
OTHER PROPERTY
DIGITAL RIGHTS
UNCERTIFICATED SECURITIES
CASHLESS FUNDS

description: В статье определяется правовая природа и способ регулирования криптовалюты, рассматриваются проблемы определения места криптовалюты в системе объектов гражданских прав. На основе анализа судебной практики и юридической доктрины делается вывод о целесообразности отнесения криптовалюты к такой категории объектов гражданских прав как иное имущество.The article defines the legal conditions and methods for regulating cryptocurrency in the system of civil rights. Based on the analysis of judicial practice and legal sciences, it is concluded that it is advisable to identify cryptocurrencies for such categories of objects of civil rights as their own property.
Constraints on inert dark matter from metastability of the electroweak vacuum
Creators: name: Khan, Najimuddin
name: Rakshit, Subhendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inert scalar doublet model of dark matter can be valid up to the Planck scale. We briefly review the bounds on the model in such a scenario and identify parameter spaces that lead to absolute stability and metastability of the electroweak vacuum.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures. To appear in PRD
Baby Skyrme models without a potential term
Creators: name: Ashcroft, Jennifer
name: Haberichter, Mareike
name: Krusch, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a one-parameter family of static baby Skyrme models that do not require a potential term to admit topological solitons. This is a novel property as the standard baby Skyrme model must contain a potential term in order to have stable soliton solutions, though the Skyrme model does not require this. Our new models satisfy an energy bound that is linear in terms of the topological charge and can be saturated in an extreme limit. They also satisfy a virial theorem that is shared by the Skyrme model. We calculate the solitons of our new models numerically and observe that their form depends significantly on the choice of parameter. In one extreme, we find compactons while at the other there is a scale invariant model in which solitons can be obtained exactly as solutions to a Bogomolny equation. We provide an initial investigation into these solitons and compare them with the baby Skyrmions of other models.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures; updated to match published version in Phys. Rev. D
Quasi-biharmonic Lagrangian surfaces in Lorentzian complex space forms
Creators: name: Sasahara, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we introduce the notion of a quasi-biharmonic submanifold in a pseudo-Riemannian manifold and classify quasi-biharmonic marginally trapped Lagrangian surfaces in Lorentzian complex space forms.
description: 12 pages; added some remarks
Woven Passion: A Late Gothic Passion Tapestry and its Monastic and Artistic Context
Creators: name: Mauney, Rachel Elise
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Nonnenarbeiten or “nuns’ works” are historically categorized as less aesthetically developed artworks made by and for nuns within their specific religious institutions. Breaking with this interpretation, this project considers the artistic talent, advanced technical knowledge, and social engagement nuns demonstrate through their works. I take as case study a Passion Tapestry  credited to the nuns at the convent of Heilig Grab in Bamberg, Germany. After contextualizing the Passion Tapestry within a history of religious reform carried out by nuns themselves, I suggest an alternative narrative for the textile. In doing so, I examine the utilization of nuns’ artistic production as an instrument of spiritual reform in the fifteenth century. Rather than upholding the tapestry’s current attribution I suggest the textile is more likely the work of nuns from St. Katherine’s Dominican Convent in Nuremberg. To make this claim, I relate the nine panels presented in the tapestry to popularly circulated prints and contemporaneous paintings. I then work to identify a designer for the tapestry’s composition and examine sources of artistic influence in both Bamberg and Nuremberg. After evaluating the work of artists who are already identified as the textile’s potential designers, I propose another potential designer may be found in the workshop of Michael Wolgemut. Through the application of Christian iconography and historiography, I demonstrate how the Passion Tapestry’s iconographic details work to confirm the identity of its makers. My final contribution comes as I challenge the narrative previously assigned to the tapestry’s use. I place the Passion Tapestry in dialogue with various liturgical textiles and consider how the textile’s size and characteristics articulate its function within a religious space. My motivations for this project culminate in viewing the Passion Tapestry as material evidence for nuns’ highly developed, religiously useful, and socially connected artistic production.
Synergies between Venus & Exoplanetary Observations
Creators: name: Way, M. J.
name: Ostberg, Colby
name: Foley, Bradford J.
name: Gillmann, Cedric
name: Höning, Dennis
name: Lammer, Helmut
name: O'Rourke, Joseph
name: Persson, Moa
name: Plesa, Ana-Catalina
name: Salvador, Arnaud
name: Scherf, Manuel
name: Weller, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this chapter we examine how our knowledge of present day Venus can inform terrestrial exoplanetary science and how exoplanetary science can inform our study of Venus. In a superficial way the contrasts in knowledge appear stark. We have been looking at Venus for millennia and studying it via telescopic observations for centuries. Spacecraft observations began with Mariner 2 in 1962 when we confirmed that Venus was a hothouse planet, rather than the tropical paradise science fiction pictured. As long as our level of exploration and understanding of Venus remains far below that of Mars, major questions will endure. On the other hand, exoplanetary science has grown leaps and bounds since the discovery of Pegasus 51b in 1995, not too long after the golden years of Venus spacecraft missions came to an end with the Magellan Mission in 1994. Multi-million to billion dollar/euro exoplanet focused spacecraft missions such as JWST, and its successors will be flown in the coming decades. At the same time, excitement about Venus exploration is blooming again with a number of confirmed and proposed missions in the coming decades from India, Russia, Japan, the European Space Agency and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In this chapter, we review what is known and what we may discover tomorrow in complementary studies of Venus and its exoplanetary cousins.
description: 90 pages, 14 figures, Part of the collection "Venus: Evolution Through Time" https://link.springer.com/collections/jfjcifhefd
Weyl semimetal phase in non-centrosymmetric transition metal monophosphides
Creators: name: Weng, Hongming
name: Fang, Chen
name: Fang, Zhong
name: Bernevig, Andrei
name: Dai, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on first principle calculations, we show that a family of nonmagnetic materials including TaAs, TaP, NbAs and NbP are Weyl semimetal (WSM) without inversion center. We find twelve pairs of Weyl points in the whole Brillouin zone (BZ) for each of them. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), band inversions in mirror invariant planes lead to gapless nodal rings in the energy-momentum dispersion. The strong SOC in these materials then opens full gaps in the mirror planes, generating nonzero mirror Chern numbers and Weyl points off the mirror planes. The resulting surface state Fermi arc structures on both (001) and (100) surfaces are also obtained and show interesting shapes, pointing to fascinating playgrounds for future experimental studies.
description: Updated with k.p model analysis and a movie demonstrating distribution of nodal rings and Weyl points, 19 pages, 4 figures and 1 table
НЕОКАЗАНИЕ ПОМОЩИ БОЛЬНОМУ В УГОЛОВНОМ ПРАВЕ
Creators: name: АЛИЕВА Ф.Р.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: НЕОКАЗАНИЕ ПОМОЩИ БОЛЬНОМУ
КРАЙНЯЯ НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ
НЕПРЕОДОЛИМАЯ СИЛА
ОПАСНОЕ ДЛЯ ЖИЗНИ СОСТОЯНИЕ
ОБЯЗАННОСТЬ ЗАБОТИТЬСЯ
FAILURE TO HELP THE PATIENT
EXTREME NECESSITY
INSURMOUNTABLE FORCE
LIFE-THREATENING CONDITION
DUTY OF CARE

description: Статья посвящена изучению понятия неоказания помощи больному в уголовном праве. Рассмотрены разные аспекты данного термина, проведён сравнительный анализ юридической этимологии «неоказания помощи» у различных авторов. Уделено внимание разбору состава преступления статьи 124 Уголовного Кодекса Российской Федерации. В результате исследования выявлен дефицит источников, позволяющих концептуально определить правильное толкование нормы и разграничения.The article is devoted to the study of the concept of non-assistance to the patient in criminal law. Different aspects of this term are considered, comparative analysis of legal etymology of "non-provision of assistance" in different authors is carried out. Attention is paid to the analysis of the offence of article 124 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The study revealed a shortage of sources to conceptually determine the correct interpretation of the rule and the distinction.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ УЧАСТИЯ ПРОКУРОРА В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ПО ОТДЕЛЬНЫМ КАТЕГОРИЯМ ДЕЛ
Creators: name: АХМЕТЗЯНОВ С.И.
name: ЛОШКАРЕВ А.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ПРОКУРОР
ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВО
ГПК РФ
СУДЕБНОЕ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЬСТВО
ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА
СУДЕБНАЯ ПРАКТИКА
PROSECUTOR
CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
JUDICIAL REPRESENTATION
PROBLEMS
JUDICIAL PRACTICE

description: Статья посвящена участию прокурора в гражданском судопроизводстве по рассмотрению отдельных категорий дел. Рассматриваются полномочия прокурора, связанные с рассмотрением отдельных категорий дел в порядке гражданского судопроизводства. Проводится анализ юридической литературы и материалов судебной практики. Раскрываются проблемы, являющиеся препятствием для более эффективного участия прокурора в судопроизводствеThe article is devoted to the participation of the prosecutor in civil proceedings for the consideration of certain categories of cases. The author considers the powers of the prosecutor related to the consideration of certain categories of cases in civil proceedings. The analysis of legal literature and materials of judicial practice. The problems that are an obstacle to a more effective participation of the prosecutor in legal proceedings are revealed.
Absence of a classical long-range order in $S=1/2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on triangular lattice
Creators: name: Suzuki, Nobuo
name: Matsubara, Fumitaka
name: Fujiki, Sumiyoshi
name: Shirakura, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum phase transition of an $S=1/2$ anisotropic $α$ $(\equiv J_z/J_{xy})$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a triangular lattice. We calculate the sublattice magnetization and the long-range helical order-parameter and their Binder ratios on finite systems with $N \leq 36$ sites. The $N$ dependence of the Binder ratios reveals that the classical 120$^{\circ}$ Néel state occurs for $α\lesssim 0.55$, whereas a critical collinear state occurs for $1/α\lesssim 0.6$. This result is at odds with a widely-held belief that the ground state of a Heisenberg antiferromagnet is the 120$^{\circ}$ Néel state, but it also provides a possible mechanism explaining experimentally observed spin liquids.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
УЧАСТИЕ ПРОКУРОРА В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ
Creators: name: АХМЕТЗЯНОВ С.И.
name: ЛОШКАРЕВ А.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ПРОКУРОР
СУДЕБНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС
ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОЕ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВО
СУДЕБНАЯ ПРАКТИКА
ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА УЧАСТИЯ ПРОКУРОРА В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ
PROSECUTOR
JUDICIAL PROCESS
CIVIL PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION
JUDICIAL PRACTICE
PROBLEMS OF THE PARTICIPATION OF THE PROSECUTOR IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS

description: В статье раскрывается роль и место прокурора как участника гражданского процесса путём анализа материала юридической литературы, а также судебной практики. Изучается проблематика ограниченного круга компетенции данного вида участия. Делается вывод о необходимости увеличения круга полномочий прокурора в гражданском процессе. Для обеспечения данной возможности и, таким образом, повышения эффективности деятельности суда по рассмотрению и разрешению гражданского спора, предлагается внести коррективы в действующие правовые нормы гражданского процессуального законодательства.The article reveals the role and place of the prosecutor as a participant in the civil process by analyzing the material of legal literature, as well as judicial practice. The problems of a limited circle of competence of this type of participation are being studied. The conclusion is drawn on the need to increase the terms of reference of the prosecutor in the civil process. To ensure this opportunity and, thus, increase the effectiveness of the court in the consideration and resolution of civil disputes, it is proposed to amend the current legal norms of civil procedural legislation.
Democracy's Problem of Expert Disagreement
Creators: name: Lane, Devin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: In this paper, I argue that expert disagreement can pose a deep problem for democracy. In order to flourish, democracies require widespread responsible participation in collective decision-making. But under the right circumstances of expert disagreement, such widespread responsible participation becomes impossible. Section 1 presents a case to frame the discussion. Section 2 reviews the epistemology of expert disagreement, a topic on which the argument hinges. Drawing on this claim about the epistemology of expert disagreement, section 3 fleshes out the details of democracy’s problem of expert disagreement. Section 4 presents and addresses an objection that draws on expected utility theory. Section 5 presents and addresses an additional objection which draws on the Condorcet Jury Theorem. Finally, section 6 looks to some ways the problem of expert disagreement might be avoided in indirect democracies, where citizens elect representatives rather than vote on individual courses of action.
Sequential Embedding-based Attentive (SEA) classifier for malware classification
Creators: name: Ahmed, Muhammad
name: Qureshi, Anam
name: Shamsi, Jawwad Ahmed
name: Marvi, Murk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The tremendous growth in smart devices has uplifted several security threats. One of the most prominent threats is malicious software also known as malware. Malware has the capability of corrupting a device and collapsing an entire network. Therefore, its early detection and mitigation are extremely important to avoid catastrophic effects. In this work, we came up with a solution for malware detection using state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Our main focus is to provide a lightweight yet effective classifier for malware detection which can be used for heterogeneous devices, be it a resource constraint device or a resourceful machine. Our proposed model is tested on the benchmark data set with an accuracy and log loss score of 99.13 percent and 0.04 respectively.
Unpicking Epistemic Injustices in Digital Health
Creators: name: Bennett, SJ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ai ethics
data justice
epistemic injustice

description: Presented at AI Ethics & Society conference '23. Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the domain of Personal Health Informatics (PHI) offer potential avenues for personalised
 treatment and support for people living with long-term conditions, however, they also present a number of ethical challenges. Whilst participatory approaches can help mitigate concerns by actively involving healthcare professionals, patients, and other stakeholders in design and development, these are constrained by the limits of epistemic standpoints and the risks posed by extrapolation from individuals to groups. In this paper we draw upon interviews with stakeholders involved in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care, including clinicians, insurance providers and pharmaceutical industry representatives, to map intentions and ethical considerations for developing PHI tools for people living with HIV. Whilst treatment efficacy for HIV has improved patient quality of life and life expectancy, management and care is complicated by knowledge gaps about what living and ageing with HIV entails. We investigate how the critical concept of epistemic injustice can inform the design of data-driven technologies intended to address these gaps,helping orient expert perspectives within the broader structures and socio-historical influences that shape them. This is of particular importance when designing for marginalized populations such as people with HIV (i.e. who may experience social stigma and be
 under-resourced, managing multiple conditions), helping to identify and better account for fundamental ethical considerations such
 as equity.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ ДИСКРИМИНАЦИИ В СФЕРЕ ТРУДА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Creators: name: БАЙБУРИН Р.И.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ДИСКРИМИНАЦИЯ
ТРУДОВЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ
ТРУД
РАВЕНСТВО ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ
ПРАВА ГРАЖДАН
ГОСУДАРСТВО
DISCRIMINATION
LABOR RELATIONS
LABOR
EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
CITIZENS' RIGHTS
STATE

description: Статья посвящена анализу проблем возникновения дискриминации в сфере труда в Российской Федерации. Дано определение дискриминации, обозначены её виды и особенности. Рассмотрены основные причины её возникновения, существования и развития. Также предложены некоторые пути решения существующих проблем.The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of discrimination in the world of work in the Russian Federation. The definition of discrimination is given, its types and features are indicated. The main causes of its occurrence, existence and development are considered. Some solutions to existing problems are also suggested.
El Tridente: Estado post-neoliberal, megacorporaciones extractoras y la participación de los pueblos indígenas en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Turbulencias y retos para el Acuerdo de Escazú
Creators: name: Canaza-Choque, Franklin Américo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160605 Environmental Politics
subject: 160802 Environmental Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160505 Economic Development Policy

description: Durante las últimas décadas, el impacto de la era post-neoliberal y la irrupción del neo-extractivismo en los territorios del Sur ha traído un desfiladero de daños en la zona infringida por el poder de megaproyectos dedicados a la extracción de recursos condenados por el modelo de desarrollo dominante. En esa dirección, desde un modelo teórico doctrinario, el presente busca repasar la ruta y la importancia de la adopción regional del Acuerdo de Escazú para los Estados de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, en especial, de lo que implica para los pueblos indígenas y los defensores ambientales su tan ansiada ratificación. De lo expresado, no es de extrañar que en una región marcada por fuertes desigualdades y definida por fallas estructurales, los erosivos efectos encausados por mega-corporaciones extractoras en territorios indígenas provoque la destrucción del medio ambiente y de indiscriminados asesinatos a los nombrados Guardianes de la Tierra. Lo anterior, sin duda, demuestra la débil legislación e institucional del Estado en materia de protección medioambiental. Frente a ello, los esfuerzos de la región en erradicar este problema han conducido en implementar el Acuerdo Regional sobre el Acceso a la Información, la Participación Pública y el Acceso a la Justicia en Asuntos Ambientales. Instrumento que, entre otras líneas supremas, no solo pretende romper el lugar privilegiado de los poderosos y de empoderar la democracia ambiental; sino que también, pese a su turbulento recorrido en refrendarlo, es la punta de la lanza para desafiar los temblores del capitalismo global en territorio indígena.
One of the closest exoplanet pairs to the 3:2 Mean Motion Resonance: K2-19b \& c
Creators: name: Armstrong, David J.
name: Santerne, Alexandre
name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Barros, Susana C. C.
name: Demangeon, Olivier
name: Lillo-Box, Jorge
name: McCormac, James
name: Osborn, Hugh P.
name: Tsantaki, Maria
name: Almenara, José-Manuel
name: Barrado, David
name: Boisse, Isabelle
name: Bonomo, Aldo S.
name: Bouchy, François
name: Brown, David J. A.
name: Bruno, Giovanni
name: Cerda, Javiera Rey
name: Courcol, Bastien
name: Deleuil, Magali
name: Díaz, Rodrigo F.
name: Doyle, Amanda P.
name: Hébrard, Guillaume
name: Kirk, James
name: Lam, Kristine W. F.
name: Pollacco, Don L.
name: Rajpurohit, Arvind
name: Spake, Jessica
name: Walker, Simon R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The K2 mission has recently begun to discover new and diverse planetary systems. In December 2014 Campaign 1 data from the mission was released, providing high-precision photometry for ~22000 objects over an 80 day timespan. We searched these data with the aim of detecting further important new objects. Our search through two separate pipelines led to the independent discovery of K2-19b \& c, a two-planet system of Neptune sized objects (4.2 and 7.2 $R_\oplus$), orbiting a K dwarf extremely close to the 3:2 mean motion resonance. The two planets each show transits, sometimes simultaneously due to their proximity to resonance and alignment of conjunctions. We obtain further ground based photometry of the larger planet with the NITES telescope, demonstrating the presence of large transit timing variations (TTVs), and use the observed TTVs to place mass constraints on the transiting objects under the hypothesis that the objects are near but not in resonance. We then statistically validate the planets through the \texttt{PASTIS} tool, independently of the TTV analysis.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted to A&A, updated to match published version
(500092) William Brooks
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ПРАВОВАЯ КВАЛИФИКАЦИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ОШИБКИ И ЕЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ
Creators: name: БАШИРИНА Е.Н.
name: ФИРСОВА Н.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ (ВРАЧЕБНАЯ) ОШИБКА
ГРАЖДАНСКО-ПРАВОВАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ
ДЕЛИКТ
ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВО
УСЛУГА
MEDICAL (MEDICAL) ERROR
CIVIL LIABILITY
TORT
CIVIL LAW
SERVICE

description: В статье проанализированы вопросы правовой квалификации медицинской ошибки и рассмотрены различные точки зрения на наступающие правовые последствия. Дано понятие «врачебной ошибки», приводятся различные дефиниции данного термина, раскрывается его сущность. Также рассматривается действующее гражданское законодательство, с целью выявления пробелов и их устранения; уточняются теоретические аспекты указанного вопроса, приводится анализ материалов судебной практики.The article analyzes the issues of legal qualification of medical error and considers various points of view on the upcoming legal consequences. The concept of “medical error” is given, various definitions of this term are given, its essence is revealed. Existing civil law is also reviewed to identify gaps and address them; the theoretical aspects of this issue are clarified, an analysis of the materials of judicial practice is given.
Vacuum Structure and Gravitational Bags Produced by Metric-Independent Spacetime Volume-Form Dynamics
Creators: name: Guendelman, Eduardo
name: Nissimov, Emil
name: Pacheva, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new class of gravity-matter-gauge theories in terms of two different non-Riemannian volume-forms independent of the Riemannian metric. The nonlinear gauge field system contains a square-root $\sqrt{-F^2}$ of the standard Maxwell Lagrangian which is known to describe charge confinement in flat spacetime. In the physical Einstein frame we obtain an effective Lagrangian of "k-essence" type with quadratic dependence on the scalar "dilaton" kinetic term X, with a remarkable effective potential possessing two infinitely large flat regions as well as with nontrivial effective gauge coupling constants running with the "dilaton" $φ$. Corresponding to the each of the two flat regions we find "vacuum" configurations of the following types: (i) $φ= const$ and a non-zero gauge field vacuum $\sqrt{-F^2}\neq 0$, which corresponds to a charge confining phase; (ii) X = const ("kinetic vacuum") and ordinary gauge field vacuum $\sqrt{-F^2}=0$ which supports confinement-free charge dynamics. In one of the flat regions of the effective potential we also find: (iii) X = const ("kinetic vacuum") and a non-zero gauge field vacuum $\sqrt{-F^2}\neq 0$, which again corresponds to a charge confining phase. In all three cases the spacetime metric is de Sitter or Schwarzschild-de Sitter. Both "kinetic vacuums" (ii) and (iii) can exist only within a finite-volume space region below a de Sitter horizon. Extension to the whole space requires matching the latter with the exterior region with a nonstandard Reissner-Nordstroem-de Sitter geometry carrying an additional constant radial background electric field. As a result we obtain two classes of gravitational bag-like configurations with properties, which on one hand partially parallel some of the properties of the solitonic "constituent quark" model and, on the other hand, partially mimic some of the properties of MIT bags in QCD phenomenology.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures; v2 added citation
(500087) Thomas Jo. Hollis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
НЕМАТЕРИАЛЬНЫЙ ВРЕД, ПРИЧИНЯЕМЫЙ ЮРИДИЧЕСКИМ ЛИЦАМ
Creators: name: БУЛАТОВА Д.И.
name: КАХРАМАНОВА Э.М.
name: МИХНЕВИЧ А.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: КОМПЕНСАЦИЯ
ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ ЛИЦА
НЕМАТЕРИАЛЬНЫЙ ВРЕД
МОРАЛЬНЫЙ ВРЕД
ДЕЛОВАЯ РЕПУТАЦИЯ
СПОСОБЫ ЗАЩИТЫ
COMPENSATION
LEGAL ENTITIES
NON-MATERIAL DAMAGE
MORAL DAMAGE
BUSINESS REPUTATION
METHODS OF PROTECTION

description: Несмотря на наличие в гражданском праве института компенсации морального вреда, в науке гражданского права не выработано единого подхода в части защиты нематериальных благ, принадлежащих юридическим лицам. Поэтому данная проблема заслуживает отдельного обсуждения, в частности, необходимо устранить терминологические противоречия, найдя наиболее корректные и емкие понятия для единообразного обозначения способа защиты гражданских прав. В данной терминологии нуждается как наука гражданского права, так и правоприменительная практика. В первую очередь, следует определить, что необходимо понимать под нематериальным вредом юридического лица. Данное понятие подвергалось разбору многими учеными, рассматривалось соотношение с материальным вредом, который возмещается с помощью выплат в счет причиненных убытков, а также в соотношении с моральным вредом, который причиняется гражданам. В рамках данной статьи будет проведен анализ нематериального вреда юридических лиц и вопросов его компенсации, а также поиск решений для рассмотрения данной проблемы.Despite the existence of a moral compensation institution in civil law, the science of civil law has not developed a unified approach to the protection of intangible goods belonging to legal entities. Therefore, this problem deserves a separate discussion, in particular, it is necessary to eliminate terminological contradictions, finding the most correct and comprehensive concepts for a uniform designation of the way to protect civil rights. This terminology needs both the science of civil law and law enforcement practice. First of all, it should be determined what needs to be understood as the intangible harm of a legal entity. This concept has been analyzed by many scientists, the relationship with material damage, which is compensated by payments in damages, and also in relation to the moral damage that is caused to citizens, was considered. Within the framework of this article, an analysis of the non-material damage of legal entities and issues of its compensation will be carried out, as well as a search for solutions to address this problem.