Callibaetis nigracyclus Cruz & Salles & Hamada 2013, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cruz, Paulo Vilela
name: Salles, Frederico Falcão
name: Hamada, Neusa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Callibaetis
Callibaetis nigracyclus

description: Callibaetis nigracyclus sp. nov.   
(Figures 21–24)  
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A21878EB-8D8A-4233-9EBF-AC8AED542405  
Known stages: I ♀ ♂, N   Diagnosis   
 Male imago. (1) Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes circular, base of the turbinate portion of eyes as wide as apex in lateral view; (Figure 21A) (2) forewing hyaline, except C, Sc, R 1 and area around bulla (Figure 21D) brown coloured; (3) marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins ICu 2 and A (Figure 21D); (4) hind wing hyaline with brown mark basally, medially and apically (Figure 21E); (5) costal process of hind wing compound (Figure 21E); (6) abdominal sterna black; (7) forceps segment I cylindrical (Figure 21C).   
 Female imago. (1) Forewing hyaline, except C, Sc, R 1 and area around bulla brown coloured; area near posterior margin with some elongate brown marks (Figure 21G); (2) marginal intercalary veins single (Figure 21G); (3) hind wing with two or one brown mark on middle and sometimes with small mark near costal process, always with pigmented apex; (Figure 21H, I); (4) costal process of hind wing compound (Figure 21H); (5) abdominal sterna with many light brown spots and four brown spots submedially (Figure 21J); (6) abdominal terga I, III, IV, V, VI with red inverted “V” mark medially (Figure 21F).   
 Mature nymph. (1) Antenna without spines, with fine, simple setae (Figure 22A); (2) distal margin of labrum with deep medial emargination (Figure 22B); (3) labrum with lateral and anterolateral margin with long and simple setae; distal margin, submedially with long and apically bifid setae; distal margin, medially with robust bipectinate setae (Figure 22B); (4) maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia (Figure 22E); (5) glossa subequal in length to paraglossa (Figure 22G); (6) labial palp with spine-like setae (Figure 22G); (7) anterior surface of forefemur with robust spine-like setae near dorsal margin and one row of robust spine-like setae near ventral margin (Figure 23B); (8) tarsus ventrally with one row of robust spine-like setae (Figure 23C); (9) hind femur similar to forefemur (Figure 23F); (10) hind claw without minute spines on surface (Figure 23H); (11) gill VII as long as length of segments VIII to half IX combined, with one fold (Figure 24F); (12) cerci with spines on all segments (Figure 24H); (13) terminal filament with spines on each segment (Figure 24I).    Description   
 Male imago. Length: body, 4.2 mm; cercus, 6.8 mm; forewing, 4 mm; hind wing, 0.6 mm; antenna, 1 mm; tibia, I 1 mm; tibia II, 0.7 mm; tibia III, 0.7 mm. (n = 2). Head (Figure 21A, B). Coloration brown. Turbinate portion of compound eyes dorsally light brown, stalk brown, apical third light brown. Antenna. Scape and pedicel light brown with apex brown, flagellum brown with white base. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes circular; length 1 × width; stalk height 2.3 × dorsal portion height; base of the turbinate portion of eyes as wide as apex in lateral view; inner margins parallel, not reaching each other. Thorax (Figure 21A, B). Anteronotal protuberance, mesoscutum, submesoscutum, posterior scutal protuberance and scutellum brown. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance pointed. Legs: Femur I with continuous longitudinal black marks on external surface, tibia I, tarsus I and claws white; femur II with continuous longitudinal black marks on internal surface, tibia II white with light marks on base and apex, tarsus II and claws white; femur III with continuous longitudinal black marks on internal surface, tibia III white with light marks on base and apex, tarsus III and claws white. Leg I: tibia 1.1 × length of femur; tarsus 0.7 × length of femur. Leg III: tibia 0.8 × length of femur; tarsus 0.4 × length of femur. Wings. Forewing (Figure 21D) hyaline, except C, Sc, R 1 and area around bulla brown coloured (black arrow in Figure 21D); veins light brown; stigmatic area with seven to eight cross veins touching subcostal vein and one or two veins not touching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins ICu 2 and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.3–0.6 × distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of forewing about 2.7 × width. Hind wing (Figure 21E) hyaline with brown marks basally, medially and apically; costal process compound. Abdomen. Terga brown; tracheation black. Sterna black. Caudal filaments white with base brown. Genitalia (Figure 21C). Forceps segment I brown, segments II and III light brown. Forceps segment I cylindrical; 0.3 × length of segment II; distance between base of forceps 0.3 × distance between lateral margins of forceps. Forceps segment III oval, 4 × as long as wide; 0.2 × length of segment II. Posterior margin of styliger plate without medial projection.   
 Female imago. Length: body, 6.2 mm; forewing, 5.4 mm; hind wing, 0.8 mm; antenna, 0.8 mm; tibia I, 0.9 mm; tibia II, 0.9 mm; tibia III, 0.8 mm. (n = 2). Head (Figure 21F). Coloration light brown, posterior margin with two brown spots; compound eyes black, sometimes with brown transversal line. Antenna. Scape and pedicel with brown apex, flagellum light brown with base white. Thorax (Figure 21F, J). Anteronotal protuberance, mesoscutum, submesoscutum, posterior scutal protuberance and scutellum light brown. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance pointed. Legs: Femora I, II and III light brown with discontinuous longitudinal pigmented line on external surface; tibiae I, II and III light brown with reddish brown mark ventrally on base and brown around apex; tarsi I, II and III light brown, tarsus I with two brown marks on apex of first and second segments, tarsi II and III with one brown mark on first segment; claws light brown. Leg I: tibia 1.2 × length of femur; tarsus 0.8 × length of femur. Leg II: tibia 0.8 × length of femur; tarsus 0.5 × length of femur. Leg III: tibia 0.7 × length of femur; tarsus 0.5 × length of femur. Wings. Forewing (Figure 21G) hyaline, except C, Sc, R 1 and area around bulla brown coloured (black arrow in Figure 21G); near posterior margin with some elongate brown marks; veins brown; stigmatic area with seven cross veins touching subcostal vein and one not; marginal intercalary veins single; length of each intercalary vein 0.3–0.5 × distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of forewing about 2.3 × width. Hind wing (Figure 21H,I) with two or one brown mark on middle and sometimes with small mark near costal process, always with pigmented apex; normally with three complete longitudinal veins, sometimes first not reaching; costal process compound. Abdomen (Figure 21F, J). Terga with all segments with two light brown marks submedially and one spot laterally; terga I, III, IV, V, VI with red inverted “V” mark medially. Tracheation black. Sterna with many brown spots and four brown spots submedially.   
 Mature nymph. Length: body, 5.5 mm; cercus, 3.3 mm; terminal filament, 2.7 mm. (n = 2). Head. Coloration: light brown. Antenna light brown, (Figure 22A) without spines, with fine, simple setae. Labrum (Figure 22B). Excavate medially; length about 0.7 × maximum width; distal margin with deep medial emargination; lateral and anterolateral margin with long and simple setae; distal margin submedially with long and apically bifid setae; distal margin medially with robust bipectinate setae; dorsally with long, fine, simple setae scattered over surface; ventrally with short spine-like setae near lateral margin and many long, simple setae near anterolateral margin. Right mandible (Figure 22C) with 4 + 3 denticles; prostheca slender and bifurcated, sometimes simple; margin between prostheca and mola convex; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; tuft of setae at apex of mola present; lateral margins slightly convex; basal half with short, fine, simple setae and pores scattered over dorsal surface. Left mandible (Figure 22D) with 4 + 3 denticles; prostheca robust and bifid, sometimes trifid; margin between prostheca and mola straight; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; subtriangular process wide, above level of area between prostheca and mola; denticles of mola not constricted; tuft of setae at apex of mola present; lateral margins slightly convex; basal half with short, fine, simple setae and pores scattered over dorsal surface. Hypopharynx (Figure 22F). Lingua with three lobes in distal margin; superlingua not expanded; short, fine, simple setae scattered over distal margin of lingua and superlingua. Maxilla (Figure 22E). Double row of setae with one simple denti-setae and other with spines. Medial protuberance of galea with 1 + 4 spine-like setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 0.7 × length of segment I; outer margin of segment I scattered with robust and pointed setae, apex of inner margin with seven or eight pointed setae, dorsal and ventral surface with pores; segment II with short pointed setae in inner margin, outer margin with long, fine and simple setae. Labium (Figure 22G). Glossa with regular width along entire length and subequal in length to paraglossa; inner margin with nine to eleven spine-like setae; apex with three to five spine-like setae; outer margin with many long spine-like setae. Dorsally with many long spine-like setae. Ventral surface scattered with few long, fine and simple setae, inner margin with one row of short spine-like setae. Paraglossa curved inward; apex with three to five robust and simple setae. Ventrally with one row of spine-like setae near inner margin (black arrow in Figure 22G). Labial palp with segment I 0.8 × length of segments II and III combined; segment I dorsally covered with micropores, near outer margin with robust spine-like setae; ventrally, near inner margin with robust spine-like setae, sometimes with robust spine-like setae on base of outer margin; segment II without distomedial protuberance; inner and outer margin, respectively, with eight or nine short spine-like setae and with few robust spine-like setae; dorsally with row of four to six short spine-like setae; segment III concave; length 1.2 × width; covered with spine-like simple setae along margins and fine, simple setae, scattered over outer surface. Thorax light brown. Foreleg (Figure 23A–D) light brown, posterior surface with longitunal discontinous brown mark. Ratio of foreleg 1.2: (0.8 mm): 0.6: 0.4. Forefemur. Length about 4.7 × maximum width; dorsally with few short spine-like setae, apex with two robust spine-like setae; length of setae about 0.3 × maximum width of femur; ventrally with few long, fine and simple setae. Anterior surface with robust spine-like setae near dorsal margin and one row of robust spine-like setae near ventral margin, surface with micropores. Tibia. Dorsally bare; ventrally with one row of short spine-like setae. Anterior surface with few long, fine simple setae. Tarsus. Dorsally abundant short, fine, simple setae; ventrally one row of robust spine-like setae. Tarsal claw with two rows of denticles increasing in size distally, many minute spines on surface. Hind leg (Figure 23E–H). Tarsus, ventrally with one row of spine-like setae, anterior surface with one row of robust bipectinate setae. Abdomen (Figure 24A). Light brown, segments I, II and VI darker. Terga. Posterior margin with regular spines, 3 × as long as wide (Figure 24B). Sterna. Surface with scattered fine, simple setae. Gills (Figure 24C–F). Trachea black pigmented, extending from main trunk to outer margin. Gill I about half length of segment II, with two folds. Gill IV 1.5 × length of segment V, with three folds. Gill VII as long as length of segments VIII to half IX combined, with one fold. Paraproct (Figure 24G) with 21–25 marginal spines; surface with micropores and short fine, simple setae; posterolateral extension with minute marginal spines. Terminal filament (Figure 24I) light brown; posterior margin with spines on each segment. Cerci (Figure 24H) with spines on all segments.    Etymology   
 The specific epithet is a reference to the forewing pigmentation pattern (nigracyclus, from Greek and Latin, meaning “black circle”).    Comments   
 The adults of C. nigracyclus sp. nov. and C. gelidus sp. nov. are similar; however, the male imago of C. nigracyclus sp. nov. has the base of the turbinate portion of eyes as wide as apex and larger number and small size of ommatidia in the upper portion of compound eyes (Figure 21A), while in C. gelidus sp. nov. the base is wider than apex and small number and large size of ommatidia in the upper portion of compound eyes (Figure 10A); female imago of C. nigracyclus sp. nov. has brown marks near posterior margin of forewing (Figure 21G), while in C. gelidus sp. nov. these marks are absent (Figure 10H). The nymphs of C. nigracyclus sp. nov. and C. gelidus sp. nov. cannot be distinguished.    Material examined   
 Holotype. Female imago with corresponding nymphal exuviae, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Lake of Reserva ZF2 (03 ◦ 10 ′ 59.9 ′′ S, 060 ◦ 05 ′ 17.7 ′′ W), 14 / vii / 2008, illuminated sheet, P. V. Cruz col. (CZNC).   
 Paratypes. Two female imagos, four male imagos and one female imago (with exuviae), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Lake of Reserva ZF2 (03 ◦ 10 ′ 59.9 ′′ S, 060 ◦ 05 ′ 17.7 ′′ W), 14 / vii / 2008, illuminated sheet, P. V. Cruz col. (CZNC). Two female imagos, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo, Igarapé Pantera (1 ◦ 28 ′ 29.82 ′′ S, 60 ◦ 16 ′ 26.52 ′′ W), AM 240 – Km 20, 19 / x / 2008, illuminated sheet, P. V. Cruz col. (INPA). Female imago (with nymphal exuviae on slides) and four nymphs, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Lake of Reserva SokaGakkai (3 ◦ 7 ′ 28.87 ′′ S, 60 ◦ 0 ′ 45.68 ′′ W), 03 / x / 2008, reared, P. V. Cruz col. (CZNC). Female imago (with exuviae), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Balneário no Km 18 – Br 174 (2 ◦ 49 ′ 00.8 ′′ S, 60 ◦ 02 ′ 05.6 ′′ W), 17 / iv / 2009, reared, P. V. Cruz col. (INPA). Female imago, BRAZIL, Pará, Parauapebas (Flona do Carajás – Buritizal) (6 ◦ 04 ′ 14.88 ′′ S, 49 ◦ 54 ′ 15.59 ′′ W), brook, 26 / ix / 2008, light trap, (INPA).    Distribution   
Brazil: Amazonas state, Manaus county, Presidente Figueiredo county; Pará state, Parauapebas county.
description: Published as part of Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Salles, Frederico Falcão & Hamada, Neusa, 2013, Callibaetis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Brazil, pp. 591-660 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (11 - 12) on pages 638-646, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791883, http://zenodo.org/record/5198763