cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Activation of Prefrontal Cortical Parvalbumin Interneurons Facilitates Extinction of Reward-Seeking Behavior
Creators: name: Hovelso, N.
name: Decot, H. K.
name: Kantak, P. A.
name: Stuber, G. D.
name: Mason, A. O.
name: Sparta, D. R.
name: Ung, R. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Forming and breaking associations between emotionally salient environmental stimuli and rewarding or aversive outcomes is an essential component of learned adaptive behavior. Importantly, when cue-reward contingencies degrade, animals must exhibit behavioral flexibility to extinguish prior learned associations. Understanding the specific neural circuit mechanisms that operate during the formation and extinction of conditioned behaviors is critical because dysregulation of these neural processes is hypothesized to underlie many of the maladaptive and pathological behaviors observed in various neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) participates in the behavioral adaptations seen in both appetitive and aversive-cue-mediated responding, but the precise cell types and circuit mechanisms sufficient for driving these complex behavioral states remain largely unspecified. Here, we recorded and manipulated the activity of parvalbumin-positive fast spiking interneurons (PV+ FSIs) in the prelimbic area (PrL) of the mPFC in mice. In vivo photostimulation of PV+ FSIs resulted in a net inhibition of PrL neurons, providing a circuit blueprint for behavioral manipulations. Photostimulation of mPFC PV+ cells did not alter anticipatory or consummatory licking behavior during reinforced training sessions. However, optical activation of these inhibitory interneurons to cues associated with reward significantly accelerated the extinction of behavior during non-reinforced test sessions. These data suggest that suppression of excitatory mPFC networks via increased activity of PV+ FSIs may enhance reward-related behavioral flexibility.
Resonant Scanning with Large Field of View Reduces Photobleaching and Enhances Fluorescence Yield in STED Microscopy
Creators: name: Wu, Yong
name: Wu, Xundong
name: Lu, Rong
name: Zhang, Jin
name: Toro, Ligia
name: Stefani, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photobleaching is a major limitation of superresolution Stimulated Depletion Emission (STED) microscopy. Fast scanning has long been considered an effective means to reduce photobleaching in fluorescence microscopy, but a careful quantitative study of this issue is missing. In this paper, we show that the photobleaching rate in STED microscopy is slowed down and fluorescence yield is enhanced by scanning with high linear speed, enabled by the large field of view in our custom-built resonant-scanning STED microscope. The effect of scanning speed on photobleaching and fluorescence yield is more remarkable at higher levels of depletion laser irradiance, and virtually disappears in conventional confocal microscopy. With a depletion irradiance of >0.2 GW$\cdot$cm$^{-2}$ (time average), we were able to extend the fluorescence survival time of the Atto 647N dye by ~80% with an 8-fold wider field of view. We confirm that STED Photobleaching is primarily caused by the depletion light acting upon the excited fluorophores. Experimental data agree with a theoretical model. Our results encourage further increasing linear scanning speed for photobleaching reduction in STED microscopy.
description: 9 figures, 2 tables. With supplementary information (8 figures)
Fake Reviews Identification Using Deep Learning Techniques
Creators: name: Omkar Singh, Swati Singh, Sweety Rawat, Sravani Nirati
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Fake online reviews pose a significant challenge to e-commerce platforms by misleading consumersand damaging business credibility. These reviews distort market perceptions, influence purchasingdecisions, and manipulate product ratings. Deep learning techniques have emerged as powerful tools todetect fraudulent reviews with higher accuracy and efficiency.This study explores the application of advanced deep learning models—Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and BidirectionalEncoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)—for fake review detection. Using the "FakeReviews Dataset" from Kaggle, consisting of 40,433 reviews, we evaluate the effectiveness of thesemodels with enhanced text preprocessing techniques, including tokenization, stop word removal, andlemmatization.The LSTM model achieves superior accuracy, effectively capturing sequential dependencies in text.achieving higher accuracy and effectively capturing sequential dependencies in textual data. CNN isutilized for pattern recognition, RNN processes sequential text-based dependencies, and BERT is exploredfor its contextual understanding of language. The evaluation metrics—precision, recall, and F1-score—further validate the performance of each deep learning model.The findings of this research emphasize the potential of deep learning in strengthening the reliability ofonline reviews, fostering transparency in e-commerce, and protecting consumer trust. This studycontributes to the advancement of fake review detection methodologies, highlighting the significance ofdeep learning in combating digital misinformation.
Bianchi type-I cosmological dynamics in $f(\mathcal{Q})$ gravity: a covariant approach
Creators: name: Esposito, Fabrizio
name: Carloni, Sante
name: Vignolo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Making use of the $1 + 3$ covariant formalism, we show explicitly the effect that nonmetricity has on the dynamics of the universe. Then, using the Dynamical System Approach, we analyze the evolution of Bianchi type-I cosmologies within the framework of $f(\mathcal{Q})$ gravity. We consider several models of function $f(\mathcal{Q})$, each of them manifesting isotropic eras of the universe, whether transitional or not. In one case, in addition to the qualitative analysis provided by the dynamical system method, we also obtain analytical solutions in terms of the average length scale $l$.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures
Mobility-Aware Cooperative Caching in Vehicular Edge Computing Based on Asynchronous Federated and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Wu, Qiong
name: Zhao, Yu
name: Fan, Qiang
name: Fan, Pingyi
name: Wang, Jiangzhou
name: Zhang, Cui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The vehicular edge computing (VEC) can cache contents in different RSUs at the network edge to support the real-time vehicular applications. In VEC, owing to the high-mobility characteristics of vehicles, it is necessary to cache the user data in advance and learn the most popular and interesting contents for vehicular users. Since user data usually contains privacy information, users are reluctant to share their data with others. To solve this problem, traditional federated learning (FL) needs to update the global model synchronously through aggregating all users' local models to protect users' privacy. However, vehicles may frequently drive out of the coverage area of the VEC before they achieve their local model trainings and thus the local models cannot be uploaded as expected, which would reduce the accuracy of the global model. In addition, the caching capacity of the local RSU is limited and the popular contents are diverse, thus the size of the predicted popular contents usually exceeds the cache capacity of the local RSU. Hence, the VEC should cache the predicted popular contents in different RSUs while considering the content transmission delay. In this paper, we consider the mobility of vehicles and propose a cooperative Caching scheme in the VEC based on Asynchronous Federated and deep Reinforcement learning (CAFR). We first consider the mobility of vehicles and propose an asynchronous FL algorithm to obtain an accurate global model, and then propose an algorithm to predict the popular contents based on the global model. In addition, we consider the mobility of vehicles and propose a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to obtain the optimal cooperative caching location for the predicted popular contents in order to optimize the content transmission delay. Extensive experimental results have demonstrated that the CAFR scheme outperforms other baseline caching schemes.
description: This paper has been submitted to IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing
Astrocytic Gq-GPCR-Linked IP3R-Dependent Ca2+ Signaling Does Not Mediate Neurovascular Coupling in Mouse Visual Cortex In Vivo
Creators: name: McCarthy, K. D.
name: Bonder, D. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Local blood flow is modulated in response to changing patterns of neuronal activity (Roy and Sherrington, 1890), a process termed neurovascular coupling. It has been proposed that the central cellular pathway driving this process is astrocytic Gq-GPCR-linked IP3R-dependent Ca2+ signaling, though in vivo tests of this hypothesis are largely lacking. We examined the impact of astrocytic Gq-GPCR and IP3R-dependent Ca2+ signaling on cortical blood flow in awake, lightly sedated, responsive mice using multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy and novel genetic tools that enable the selective manipulation of astrocytic signaling pathways in vivo. Selective stimulation of astrocytic Gq-GPCR cascades and downstream Ca2+ signaling with the hM3Dq DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) designer receptor system was insufficient to modulate basal cortical blood flow. We found no evidence of observable astrocyte endfeet Ca2+ elevations following physiological visual stimulation despite robust dilations of adjacent arterioles using cyto-GCaMP3 and Lck-GCaMP6s, the most sensitive Ca2+ indicator available. Astrocytic Ca2+ elevations could be evoked when inducing the startle response with unexpected air puffs. However, startle-induced astrocytic Ca2+ signals did not precede corresponding startle-induced hemodynamic changes. Further, neurovascular coupling was intact in lightly sedated, responsive mice genetically lacking astrocytic IP3R-dependent Ca2+ signaling (IP3R2 KO). These data demonstrate that astrocytic Gq-GPCR-linked IP3R-dependent Ca2+ signaling does not mediate neurovascular coupling in visual cortex of awake, lightly sedated, responsive mice.
Artemis I, ci si riprova sabato 3 settembre
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

È in calendario per sabato prossimo tentativo di lancio di Artemis I, fa sapere la Nasa. I problemi riscontrati lo scorso 29 agosto sembrano essere stati compresi e risolti. Il tempo è previsto instabile, ma con possibilità di intervalli favorevoli. Giovedì la conferma
Voyager 1 riesce di nuovo a farsi comprendere
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Un sistema critico – l’Aacs – a bordo della sonda, attualmente a 23 miliardi di km dalla Terra, inviava da mesi dati confusi sul suo stato. I responsabili della missione sono ora riusciti a risolvere il problema, dovuto all’errato instradamento della telemetria attraverso un computer malfunzionante, ma stanno ancora cercandone la causa principale
Higgs-boson visible and invisible constraints on hidden sectors
Creators: name: Biekötter, Thomas
name: Pierre, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of interactions between hidden sectors and the discovered Higgs boson $h_{125}$, allowing for additional invisible decay channels of $h_{125}$. We perform $χ^2$-fits to the measurements of the Higgs-boson cross sections as a function of the invisible branching ratio and different combinations of coupling modifiers, where the latter quantify modifications of the couplings of $h_{125}$ compared to the predictions of the Standard Model. We present generic results in terms of exclusion limits on the coupling modifiers and the invisible branching ratio of $h_{125}$. Additionally, we apply our results to a variety of concrete model realizations containing a hidden sector: dark matter within Higgs- and singlet-portal scenarios, models featuring (pseudo) Nambu-Goldstone bosons and two Higgs doublet extensions. One of the main conclusions of our work is that in a wide class of models the indirect constraints resulting from the measurements of the cross sections of $h_{125}$ provide substantially stronger constraints on the invisible Higgs-boson branching ratio compared to the direct limits obtained from searches for the invisible decay of $h_{125}$. However, we demonstrate that the presence of an invisible decay mode of $h_{125}$ can also open up parameter space regions which otherwise would be excluded as a result of the indirect constraints. As a byproduct of our analysis, we show that in light of the new results from the LZ collaboration a fermionic DM candidate within the simplest Higgs-portal scenario is ruled out under standard assumptions.
description: 40 pages, 11 figures; version accepted for publication in EPJC
Einstein-Yang-Mills Scattering Amplitudes From Scattering Equations
Creators: name: Cachazo, Freddy
name: He, Song
name: Yuan, Ellis Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the building blocks that can be combined to produce tree-level S-matrix elements of a variety of theories with various spins mixed in arbitrary dimensions. The new formulas for the scattering of $n$ massless particles are given by integrals over the positions of $n$ points on a sphere restricted to satisfy the scattering equations. As applications, we obtain all single-trace amplitudes in Einstein--Yang--Mills (EYM) theory, and generalizations to include scalars. Also in EYM but extended by a B-field and a dilaton, we present all double-trace gluon amplitudes. The building blocks are made of Pfaffians and Parke--Taylor-like factors of subsets of particle labels.
description: 18 pages. References and a new section on double-trace gluon amplitudes added in v2
All noncommutative spaces of $κ$-Poincaré geodesics
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Angel
name: Gutierrez-Sagredo, Ivan
name: Herranz, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noncommutative spaces of geodesics provide an alternative way of introducing noncommutative relativistic kinematics endowed with quantum group symmetry. In this paper we present explicitly the seven noncommutative spaces of time-, space- and light-like geodesics that can be constructed from the time-, space- and light- versions of the $κ$-Poincaré quantum symmetry in (3+1) dimensions. Remarkably enough, only for the light-like (or null-plane) $κ$-Poincaré deformation the three types of noncommutative spaces of geodesics can be constructed, while for the time-like and space-like deformations both the quantum time-like and space-like geodesics can be defined, but not the light-like one. This obstruction comes from the constraint imposed by the coisotropy condition for the corresponding deformation with respect to the isotropy subalgebra associated to the given space of geodesics, since all these quantum spaces are constructed as quantizations of the corresponding classical coisotropic Poisson homogeneous spaces. The known quantum space of geodesics on the light cone is given by a five-dimensional homogeneous quadratic algebra, and the six nocommutative spaces of time-like and space-like geodesics are explicitly obtained as six-dimensional nonlinear algebras. Five out of these six spaces are here presented for the first time, and Darboux generators for all of them are found, thus showing that the quantum deformation parameter $κ^{-1}$ plays exactly the same algebraic role on quantum geodesics as the Planck constant $\hbar$ plays in the usual phase space description of quantum mechanics.
description: 23 pages
Особенности инновационного развития предприятий ЖКХ. Средства и пути активизации
Creators: name: Савельева Людмила Николаевна
Publisher: name: Московский экономический журнал
Year: 2018
Subjects: реформирование
коммунальные предприятия
услуги
технико-экономические условия
государственная собственность
правовые формы
жилищно-коммунальное хозяйство
инновации

description: В современных технико-экономических условиях инновационная направленность политики предприятий является основой качественных сдвигов в результатах их финансово-хозяйственной деятельности. Практически во всех отраслях народного хозяйства инновационная активность предприятий становится определяющим фактором их устойчивого положения на рынке. Инновационное развитие производства опирается на использование достижений научно-технического прогресса, оно ориентируется на разнообразные потребности рынка, обеспечивает необходимую концентрацию финансовых, материально-технических и человеческих ресурсов.
Chemogenetic Silencing of Neurons in Retrosplenial Cortex Disrupts Sensory Preconditioning
Creators: name: Bucci, D. J.
name: Skelton, P. D.
name: Todd, T. P.
name: Urban, D. J.
name: Pasternak, A. R.
name: Robinson, S.
name: Luikart, B. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: An essential aspect of episodic memory is the formation of associations between neutral sensory cues in the environment. In light of recent evidence that this critical aspect of learning does not require the hippocampus, we tested the involvement of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) in this process using a chemogenetic approach that allowed us to temporarily silence neurons along the entire rostrocaudal extent of the RSC. A viral vector containing the gene for a synthetic inhibitory G-protein-coupled receptor (hM4Di) was infused into RSC. When the receptor was later activated by systemic injection of clozapine-N-oxide, neural activity in RSC was transiently silenced (confirmed using a patch-clamp procedure). Rats expressing hM4Di and control rats were trained in a sensory preconditioning procedure in which a tone and light were paired on some trials and a white noise stimulus was presented alone on the other trials during the Preconditioning phase. Thus, rats were given the opportunity to form an association between a tone and a light in the absence of reinforcement. Later, the light was paired with food. During the test phase when the auditory cues were presented alone, controls exhibited more conditioned responding during presentation of the tone compared with the white noise reflecting the prior formation of a tone-light association. Silencing RSC neurons during the Preconditioning phase prevented the formation of an association between the tone and light and eliminated the sensory preconditioning effect. These findings indicate that RSC may contribute to episodic memory formation by linking essential sensory stimuli during learning.
Il “combustibile” delle galassie, 4 miliardi di anni fa
Creators: Ufficio stampa UniPD
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Uno studio dell’Università di Padova e dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica, guidato da Francesco Sinigaglia e pubblicato su The Astrophysical Journal Letters, indica che queste galassie lontane hanno riserve di idrogeno atomico comparabili a quelle delle galassie più vicine
Vagito d’una stella nella Piccola Nube di Magellano
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Y246 è una “baby stella” situata nelle Piccola Nube di Magellano – una delle galassie più vicine alla Via Lattea. Utilizzando le antenne di Alma, un team di astronomi è riuscito a catturarne il primo vagito: un getto di materia che fuoriesce da entrambe i poli della giovane stella a velocità di oltre 54mila km/h. Secondo gli autori dello studio, si tratterebbe della prova che negli ambienti a bassa metallicità il processo di formazione stellare è lo stesso da miliardi di anni
Artemis 1, annullato il lancio di oggi
Creators: Redazione Ansa
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Interrotto alle 14:34 ora italiana di oggi il primo tentativo di lancio del razzo Space Launch System e della navicella spaziale Orion. La finestra di lancio di due ore non è stata sufficiente a completare l’esame di un problema emerso durante un test condotto sui motori RS-25 per controllare che venisse raggiunta la temperatura richiesta per il decollo
title: Brief von Janey Buchan an Kurt Rothschild
Creators: name: Buchan, Janey
Year: 2017

description: Mit handschriftlicher Anmerkung des Adressaten. - Rundschreiben Trade Union Congress Glasgow 1991 an die Delegierten.
description: Typoskript, 1 Blatt, 2 Seiten
Hubble e Webb uniti nell’immagine di M74
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

È proprio vero che l’unione fa la forza, anche nel caso di Hubble e Webb. I due telescopi, il primo imbattibile a lunghezze d’onda dell’ultravioletto e del visibile, il secondo impareggiabile quanto a risoluzione e sensibilità nell’infrarosso, insieme hanno creato una nuova immagine della galassia M74, una spirale con formazione stellare attiva molto studiata dagli astronomi
Phase-noise limitations on single-photon cross-phase modulation with differing group velocities
Creators: name: Dove, Justin
name: Chudzicki, Christopher
name: Shapiro, Jeffrey H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A framework is established for evaluating {\sc cphase} gates that use single-photon cross-phase modulation (XPM) originating from the Kerr nonlinearity. Prior work Phys. Rev. A {\bf 73,} 062305 (2006)], which assumed that the control and target pulses propagated at the same group velocity, showed that the causality-induced phase noise required by a non-instantaneous XPM response function precluded the possibility of high-fidelity $π$-radian conditional phase shifts. The framework presented herein incorporates the more realistic case of group-velocity disparity between the control and target pulses, as employed in existing XPM-based fiber-optical switches. Nevertheless, the causality-induced phase noise identified in [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 73,} 062305 (2006)] still rules out high-fidelity $π$-radian conditional phase shifts. This is shown to be so for both a reasonable theoretical model for the XPM response function and for the experimentally-measured XPM response function of silica-core fiber.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
The origin of enhanced interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in LiF-inserted Fe/MgO interface
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Shoya
name: Nozaki, Takayuki
name: Yuasa, Shinji
name: Amemiya, Kenta
name: Miwa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fe/MgO interface is an essential ingredient in spintronics as it shows giant tunneling magnetoresistance and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). A recent study demonstrated that the insertion of an ultra-thin LiF layer between the Fe and MgO layers enhances PMA significantly. In this study, we perform x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements on Fe/LiF/MgO multilayers to reveal the origin of the PMA enhancement. We find that the LiF insertion increases the orbital-magnetic-moment anisotropy and thus the magnetic anisotropy energy. We attribute the origin of this orbital-magnetic-moment-anisotropy enhancement to the stronger electron localization and electron-electron correlation or the better interface quality with fewer defects.
Materia oscura, dal Gran Sasso all’Australia
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Si chiama Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory. Si trova a un chilometro di profondità, all'interno di una miniera d'oro. Ed è il primo laboratorio per la ricerca di materia oscura nell'emisfero australe. L'esperimento di punta che sarà condotto a questo scopo al suo interno si chiama Sabre South. A capo del progetto c'è Elisabetta Barberio, docente di fisica delle particelle all’Università di Melbourne. L'abbiamo intervistata
Development of Thalamocortical Connectivity during Infancy and Its Cognitive Correlations
Creators: name: Smith, J. K.
name: Reznick, J. S.
name: Gilmore, J. H.
name: Goldman, B. D.
name: Lin, W.
name: Short, S. J.
name: Alcauter, S.
name: Gao, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Although commonly viewed as a sensory information relay center, the thalamus has been increasingly recognized as an essential node in various higher-order cognitive circuits, and the underlying thalamocortical interaction mechanism has attracted increasing scientific interest. However, the development of thalamocortical connections and how such development relates to cognitive processes during the earliest stages of life remain largely unknown. Leveraging a large human pediatric sample (N = 143) with longitudinal resting-state fMRI scans and cognitive data collected during the first 2 years of life, we aimed to characterize the age-dependent development of thalamocortical connectivity patterns by examining the functional relationship between the thalamus and nine cortical functional networks and determine the correlation between thalamocortical connectivity and cognitive performance at ages 1 and 2 years. Our results revealed that the thalamus–sensorimotor and thalamus–salience connectivity networks were already present in neonates, whereas the thalamus–medial visual and thalamus–default mode network connectivity emerged later, at 1 year of age. More importantly, brain–behavior analyses based on the Mullen Early Learning Composite Score and visual–spatial working memory performance measured at 1 and 2 years of age highlighted significant correlations with the thalamus–salience network connectivity. These results provide new insights into the understudied early functional brain development process and shed light on the behavioral importance of the emerging thalamocortical connectivity during infancy.
Magnetic quivers and negatively charged branes
Creators: name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Sperling, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Higgs branches of the world-volume theories for multiple M5 branes on an $A_k$ or $D_k$-type ALE space are known to host a variety of fascinating properties, such as the small $E_8$ instanton transition or the discrete gauging phenomena. This setup can be further enriched by the inclusion of boundary conditions, which take the form of $SU(k)$ or $SO(2k)$ partitions, respectively. Unlike the $A$-type case, $D$-type boundary conditions are eventually accompanied by negative brane numbers in the Type IIA brane realisation. While this may seem discouraging at first, we demonstrate that these setups are well-suited to analyse the Higgs branches via magnetic quivers. Along the way, we encounter multiple models with previously neglected Higgs branches that exhibit exciting physics and novel geometric realisations. Nilpotent orbits, Slodowy slices, and symmetric products.
description: v2: 43 pages + appendices; minor typos corrected, added clarifications; matches JHEP version
Mapping Longitudinal Development of Local Cortical Gyrification in Infants from Birth to 2 Years of Age
Creators: name: Li, G.
name: Wang, L.
name: Shi, F.
name: Gilmore, J. H.
name: Lin, W.
name: Shen, D.
name: Lyall, A. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Human cortical folding is believed to correlate with cognitive functions. This likely correlation may have something to do with why abnormalities of cortical folding have been found in many neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known about how cortical gyrification, the cortical folding process, develops in the first 2 years of life, a period of dynamic and regionally heterogeneous cortex growth. In this article, we show how we developed a novel infant-specific method for mapping longitudinal development of local cortical gyrification in infants. By using this method, via 219 longitudinal 3T magnetic resonance imaging scans from 73 healthy infants, we systemically and quantitatively characterized for the first time the longitudinal cortical global gyrification index (GI) and local GI (LGI) development in the first 2 years of life. We found that the cortical GI had age-related and marked development, with 16.1% increase in the first year and 6.6% increase in the second year. We also found marked and regionally heterogeneous cortical LGI development in the first 2 years of life, with the high-growth regions located in the association cortex, whereas the low-growth regions located in sensorimotor, auditory, and visual cortices. Meanwhile, we also showed that LGI growth in most cortical regions was positively correlated with the brain volume growth, which is particularly significant in the prefrontal cortex in the first year. In addition, we observed gender differences in both cortical GIs and LGIs in the first 2 years, with the males having larger GIs than females at 2 years of age. This study provides valuable information on normal cortical folding development in infancy and early childhood.
Integer Vector Addition Systems with States
Creators: name: Haase, Christoph
name: Halfon, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1

description: This paper studies reachability, coverability and inclusion problems for Integer Vector Addition Systems with States (ZVASS) and extensions and restrictions thereof. A ZVASS comprises a finite-state controller with a finite number of counters ranging over the integers. Although it is folklore that reachability in ZVASS is NP-complete, it turns out that despite their naturalness, from a complexity point of view this class has received little attention in the literature. We fill this gap by providing an in-depth analysis of the computational complexity of the aforementioned decision problems. Most interestingly, it turns out that while the addition of reset operations to ordinary VASS leads to undecidability and Ackermann-hardness of reachability and coverability, respectively, they can be added to ZVASS while retaining NP-completness of both coverability and reachability.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Evidence for intrinsic charm quarks in the proton
Creators: name: Ball, Richard D.
name: Candido, Alessandro
name: Cruz-Martinez, Juan
name: Forte, Stefano
name: Giani, Tommaso
name: Hekhorn, Felix
name: Kudashkin, Kirill
name: Magni, Giacomo
name: Rojo, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of the strong force, quantum chromodynamics, describes the proton in terms of quarks and gluons. The proton is a state of two up quarks and one down quark bound by gluons, but quantum theory predicts that in addition there is an infinite number of quark-antiquark pairs. Both light and heavy quarks, whose mass is respectively smaller or bigger than the mass of the proton, are revealed inside the proton in high-energy collisions. However, it is unclear whether heavy quarks also exist as a part of the proton wavefunction, which is determined by non-perturbative dynamics and accordingly unknown: so-called intrinsic heavy quarks. It has been argued for a long time that the proton could have a sizable intrinsic component of the lightest heavy quark, the charm quark. Innumerable efforts to establish intrinsic charm in the proton have remained inconclusive. Here we provide evidence for intrinsic charm by exploiting a high-precision determination of the quark-gluon content of the nucleon based on machine learning and a large experimental dataset. We disentangle the intrinsic charm component from charm-anticharm pairs arising from high-energy radiation. We establish the existence of intrinsic charm at the 3-standard-deviation level, with a momentum distribution in remarkable agreement with model predictions. We confirm these findings by comparing to very recent data on Z-boson production with charm jets from the LHCb experiment.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures + Supplementary Information, published version available in https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04998-2. v2: updated comparison with the MBC model in Fig. 1 right (thanks to Tim Hobbs for the suggestion)
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NrCAM Regulates Semaphorin 3F-Induced Dendritic Spine Remodeling
Creators: name: Dharbal, K. E. S.
name: Mohan, V.
name: Zhang, X.
name: Brennaman, L. H.
name: Manis, P. B.
name: Demyanenko, G. P.
name: Tran, T. S.
name: Maness, P. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Neuron-glial related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) is a regulator of axon growth and repellent guidance, and has been implicated in autism spectrum disorders. Here a novel postsynaptic role for NrCAM in Semaphorin3F (Sema3F)-induced dendritic spine remodeling was identified in pyramidal neurons of the primary visual cortex (V1). NrCAM localized to dendritic spines of star pyramidal cells in postnatal V1, where it was coexpressed with Sema3F. NrCAM deletion in mice resulted in elevated spine densities on apical dendrites of star pyramidal cells at both postnatal and adult stages, and electron microscopy revealed increased numbers of asymmetric synapses in layer 4 of V1. Whole-cell recordings in cortical slices from NrCAM-null mice revealed increased frequency of mEPSCs in star pyramidal neurons. Recombinant Sema3F-Fc protein induced spine retraction on apical dendrites of wild-type, but not NrCAM-null cortical neurons in culture, while re-expression of NrCAM rescued the spine retraction response. NrCAM formed a complex in brain with Sema3F receptor subunits Neuropilin-2 (Npn-2) and PlexinA3 (PlexA3) through an Npn-2-binding sequence (TARNER) in the extracellular Ig1 domain. A trans heterozygous genetic interaction test demonstrated that Sema3F and NrCAM pathways interacted in vivo to regulate spine density in star pyramidal neurons. These findings reveal NrCAM as a novel postnatal regulator of dendritic spine density in cortical pyramidal neurons, and an integral component of the Sema3F receptor complex. The results implicate NrCAM as a contributor to excitatory/inhibitory balance in neocortical circuits.
Plug In Hybrid Electric Regional Aircraft Concept for IMOTHEP
Creators: name: Atanasov, Georgi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: IMOTHEP
green aviation
H2020 Transport
climate change
hybrid electric aircraft

description: Presentation at the 12th EASN International Conference on “Innovation in aviation & space for opening new horizons", 18-21 Oct 2022, Barcelona, Spain, https://easnconference.eu/
Graph-induced operators: Hamiltonian cycle enumeration via fermion-zeon convolution
Creators: name: Staples, G. Stacey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C30, 05E10, 15A66, 47C05, 81R05

description: Operators are induced on fermion and zeon algebras by the action of adjacency matrices and combinatorial Laplacians on the vector spaces spanned by the graph's vertices. Properties of the algebras automatically give information about the graph's spanning trees and vertex coverings by cycles \& matchings. Combining the properties of operators induced on fermions and zeons gives a fermion-zeon convolution that recovers the number of Hamiltonian cycles in an arbitrary graph. The mathematics underlying the graph-theoretic interpretation of these operators is provided by Kirchhoff's theorem and by the seminal works of Goulden and Jackson and Liu, who established formulas for enumeration of Hamiltonian cycles and paths using determinants and permanents of adjacency matrices.
description: Proposition 3.3 has been replaced. The previous general case k
Ovarian Cycle Effects on Immediate Reward Selection Bias in Humans: A Role for Estradiol
Creators: name: Oppler, S. H.
name: Boettiger, C. A.
name: Sierra, Y.
name: Smith, C. T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: A variety of evidence suggests that, among humans, the individual tendency to choose immediate rewards (“Now”) over larger, delayed rewards (“Later”), or Now bias, varies with frontal dopamine (DA) levels. As cyclic elevations in estradiol (E+) modulate other frontal DA-dependent behaviors, we tested ovarian cycle effects on Now bias, and whether any such effects are E+ mediated. To do so, we quantified Now/Later choice behavior in naturally cycling adult females (n = 87; ages 18–40 years) during both the menstrual phase (MP; cycle day 1–2; low E+), and the follicular phase (FP; cycle day 11–12; high E+). Now bias decreased an average of 3.6% from MP to FP (p = 0.006). Measures of salivary E+ levels at each visit were available in a subsample of participants (n = 34). Participants with a verified E+ rise from MP to FP showed significantly greater decreases in Now bias at mid-cycle (n = 23) than those without a rise (n = 11; p = 0.03); Now bias decreased an average of 10.2% in the E+ rise group but increased an average of 7.9% in the no E+ rise group. The change in Now bias from MP to FP inversely correlated with the change in E+ (ρ = −0.39; p = 0.023), an effect driven by individuals with putatively lower frontal DA based on genotype at the Val158Met polymorphism in the COMT gene. This is the first demonstration that intertemporal choice varies across the ovarian cycle, with Now bias declining at mid-cycle, when fertility peaks. Moreover, our data suggest that the interacting effects of estradiol and frontal DA mediate this cycle effect on decision making.
Quei catastrofici effetti collaterali
Creators: Patrizia Caraveo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Con il consenso dell’autrice, l’astrofisica Patrizia Caraveo, riprendiamo questa recensione – pubblicata ieri sul Sole24Ore – dell’ultimo libro della scrittrice e giornalista statunitense Elizabeth Kolber, “Sotto un cielo bianco. La natura del futuro”, sui molti e spesso deleteri tentativi messi in atto dall’uomo per modificare l’ecosistema
Webb rileva per la prima volta CO2 in un esopianeta
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Lo spettrografo NirSpec ha rilevato la presenza di anidride carbonica nell’atmosfera di Wasp-39b, un pianeta extrasolare a 700 anni luce dalla Terra. La risoluzione senza precedenti dello spettrografo e la sua grande sensibilità aprono la possibilità di effettuare simili scoperte anche in pianeti più piccoli e rocciosi
Observational limits on the rate of radiation-driven binary black hole capture events
Creators: name: Ebersold, Michael
name: Tiwari, Shubhanshu
name: Smith, Leigh
name: Bae, Yeong-Bok
name: Kang, Gungwong
name: Williams, Daniel
name: Gopakumar, Achamveedu
name: Heng, Ik Siong
name: Haney, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dense astrophysical environments like globular clusters and galactic nuclei can host hyperbolic encounters of black holes which can lead to gravitational-wave driven capture. There are several astrophysical models which predict a fraction of binary black hole mergers to come from these radiation-driven capture scenarios. In this paper we present the sensitivity of a search towards gravitational-wave driven capture events for O3, the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo. We use capture waveforms produced by numerical relativity simulations covering four different mass ratios and at least two different values of initial angular momentum per mass ratio. We employed the most generic search for short-duration transients in O3 to evaluate the search sensitivity in this parameter space for a wide range in total mass in terms of visible spacetime volume. From the visible spacetime volume we determine for the first time the merger rate upper limit of such systems. The most stringent estimate of rate upper limits at 90\% confidence is $0.2~\mathrm{Gpc}^{-3}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ for an equal mass $200~M_\odot$ binary. Furthermore, in recent studies the event GW190521 has been suggested to be a capture event. With this interpretation of GW190521, we find the merger rate of similar events to be $0.47~\mathrm{Gpc}^{-3}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Overexpression of the Steroidogenic Enzyme Cytochrome P450 Side Chain Cleavage in the Ventral Tegmental Area Increases 3 ,5 -THP and Reduces Long-Term Operant Ethanol Self-Administration
Creators: name: O'Buckley, T. K.
name: Porcu, P.
name: Morrow, A. L.
name: Maldonado-Devincci, A. M.
name: Fisher, K. R.
name: McCown, T. J.
name: Besheer, J.
name: Leonard, M. N.
name: Werner, D. F.
name: Cook, J. B.
name: Hodge, C. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Neuroactive steroids are endogenous neuromodulators capable of altering neuronal activity and behavior. In rodents, systemic administration of endogenous or synthetic neuroactive steroids reduces ethanol self-administration. We hypothesized this effect arises from actions within mesolimbic brain regions that we targeted by viral gene delivery. Cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc) converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, the rate-limiting enzymatic reaction in neurosteroidogenesis. Therefore, we constructed a recombinant adeno-associated serotype 2 viral vector (rAAV2), which drives P450scc expression and neuroactive steroid synthesis. The P450scc-expressing vector (rAAV2-P450scc) or control GFP-expressing vector (rAAV2-GFP) were injected bilaterally into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or nucleus accumbens (NAc) of alcohol preferring (P) rats trained to self-administer ethanol. P450scc overexpression in the VTA significantly reduced ethanol self-administration by 20% over the 3 week test period. P450scc overexpression in the NAc, however, did not alter ethanol self-administration. Locomotor activity was unaltered by vector administration to either region. P450scc overexpression produced a 36% increase in (3α,5α)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP, allopregnanolone)-positive cells in the VTA, but did not increase 3α,5α-THP immunoreactivity in NAc. These results suggest that P450scc overexpression and the resultant increase of 3α,5α-THP-positive cells in the VTA reduces ethanol reinforcement. 3α,5α-THP is localized to neurons in the VTA, including tyrosine hydroxylase neurons, but not astrocytes. Overall, the results demonstrate that using gene delivery to modulate neuroactive steroids shows promise for examining the neuronal mechanisms of moderate ethanol drinking, which could be extended to other behavioral paradigms and neuropsychiatric pathology.
Similar Roles of Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Dopamine Neurons in Reward and Aversion
Creators: name: Kesner, Andrew J.
name: Ilango, Anton
name: Stuber, Garret D.
name: Ikemoto, Satoshi
name: Keller, Kristine L.
name: Bonci, Antonello
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are implicated in affective functions. However, it is unclear to what extent dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) play such roles. TH-Cre transgenic mice received adeno-associated viral vectors encoding channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), or control vector into the VTA or SNc, resulting in selective expression of these opsins in dopamine neurons. Mice with ChR2 learned instrumental responding to deliver photostimulation into the VTA or SNc and also sought for the compartment where they received photostimulation (i.e., operant place preference). Operant place preference scores were highly correlated with self-stimulation responses. In contrast, mice with NpHR avoided the compartment where they received photostimulation into the VTA, SNc, or dorsal striatum, whereas control mice did not. These observations suggest that the excitation and inhibition of SNc dopamine neurons elicit positive and negative affective effects, respectively, similar to those of VTA dopamine neurons.
Activity of Somatosensory-Responsive Neurons in High Subdivisions of SI Cortex during Locomotion
Creators: name: Beloozerova, I. N.
name: Favorov, O. V.
name: Nilaweera, W. U.
name: Miasnikov, A. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Responses of neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex during movements are poorly understood, even during such simple tasks as walking on a flat surface. In this study, we analyzed spike discharges of neurons in the rostral bank of the ansate sulcus (areas 1–2) in 2 cats while the cats walked on a flat surface or on a horizontal ladder, a complex task requiring accurate stepping. All neurons (n = 82) that had receptive fields (RFs) on the contralateral forelimb exhibited frequency modulation of their activity that was phase locked to the stride cycle during simple locomotion. Neurons with proximal RFs (upper arm/shoulder) and pyramidal tract-projecting neurons (PTNs) with fast-conducting axons tended to fire at peak rates in the middle of the swing phase, whereas neurons with RFs on the distal limb (wrist/paw) and slow-conducting PTNs typically showed peak firing at the transition between swing and stance phases. Eleven of 12 neurons with tactile RFs on the volar forepaw began firing toward the end of swing, with peak activity occurring at the moment of foot contact with floor, thereby preceding the evoked sensory volley from touch receptors. Requirement to step accurately on the ladder affected 91% of the neurons, suggesting their involvement in control of accuracy of stepping. During both tasks, neurons exhibited a wide variety of spike distributions within the stride cycle, suggesting that, during either simple or ladder locomotion, they represent the cycling somatosensory events in their activity both predictively before and reflectively after these events take place.
Rocce marziane alterate dall’acqua
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Il raccolto di Perseverance si prospetta prezioso: i risultati delle analisi preliminari dei campioni di roccia prelevati dal rover della Nasa nel cratere Jezero, pubblicati oggi su Science, mostrano infatti che si tratta di rocce magmatiche cumulitiche molto promettenti, sia per ricostruire con precisione la geocronologia dell’ambiente in cui sono state raccolte sia per cercare eventuali tracce di vita passata su Marte