cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Ashanti and Her Neighbours c. 1700-1807.
Creators: name: Fynn, John Kerson
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1964

description: By the middle of the second half of the seventeenth Century, the Portuguese trading monopoly on the Gold Coast had come to an end. The Dutch, who were largely responsible for bringing this about, could not follow their predecessor's example of monopolising the Gold Coast trade however. The development of plantation agriculture in the American and the Caribbean islands provided other European nations with strong economic motives to share in the Guinea trade. Thus English, Danish and Brandenburgers appeared on the coast to compete with the Dutch for the trade in gold, slaves and ivory. This ushered in an era of competition which was greatly to the advantage of the Africans, Apart from the increase in the volume of trade, the trans-Atlantic trade brought unprecedented wealth into the country. It was soon discovered however that the existing small states based on kinship and lineage were incapable of meeting the new economic demands, therefore larger political states such as Benkyera, Akwamu and Akyem were created by the Akan peoples to meet this demand. The creation of these states was made possible by the introduction of firearms in appreciable quantities into the country by the European traders. Because all these states aimed at political and economic expansion their association was characterized by mutual rivalry, Denkyera and Akyem usually acted together against Akwamu therefore Akwamu assisted in the creation of the Ashanti Kingdom to balance the might of its enemies and to preserve its western frontier. By the middle of the eighteenth century however Ashanti had defeated Akyem and Denkyera and was undoubtedly the dominant political and economic power in the hinterland of the Gold Coast since Akwamu itself was defeated by Akyem in 1730. In 1807, Ashanti conquered the coastal Fantis who, like the Ashantis, had also embarked upon political and economic expansion throughout the eighteenth century. It was clear, therefore, that in the early nineteenth century the probability was that the Gold Coast might become a monarchy ruled by the kings of Ashanti. That this did not happen was due to the policy adopted by Britain during that period.
Supplemental material for Normal saline versus Normosol™-R in sepsis resuscitation: A retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Duffy, Ryan A
name: Mathab B Foroozesh
name: Loflin, Robert D
name: Susanti R Ie
name: Icard, Bradley L
name: Tegge, Allison N
name: Nogueira, Jonathan R
name: Kuehl, Damon R
name: Smith, Dan C
name: Loschner, Anthony L
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cardiology
subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110323 Surgery

description: Supplemental material for Normal saline versus Normosol™-R in sepsis resuscitation: A retrospective cohort study by Ryan A Duffy, Mathab B Foroozesh, Robert D Loflin, Susanti R Ie, Bradley L Icard, Allison N Tegge, Jonathan R Nogueira, Damon R Kuehl, Dan C Smith and Anthony L Loschner in Journal of the Intensive Care Society
title: German Rule in North-East Tanzania, 1885-1914.
Creators: name: Ekemode, Gabriel Ogunniyi
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1973

description: This is a study of German conquest, occupation and administration in the Pangani valley region of mainland Tanzania, which was the most important area of German settlement and economic enterprise in the former German East African protectorate. Its emphasis is mainly on the local evolution of German administrative and economic policies and methods. It examines the close connexion between the pre-colonial social and political situation in this region and the immediate reactions of its African peoples to the German intervention. It also studies how these reactions have shaped German policies. It has been established, for example, that the decisive factor in the assumption of direct responsibility by the Imperial Government for the administration of German East Africa in January 1891 was the inability of the German East African Company to govern on account of the opposition of the African peoples to the German intervention. Similarly, it was the shock of German military defeat at the hands of Moshi warriors in June 1892 that compelled the German authorities in Berlin and in Dares Salaam to abandon their experiment in civil administration in Kilimanjaro in favour of vigorous military rule throughout the north-east. The abolition of military rule in Usambara and Southern Pare in 1895 and its continuation in Uchagga and north-Pare section of the Moshi district till 1906, and in its Arusha sub-district until 1912, were also dictated primarily by local political conditions. In like manner, the virtual transformation of the north-east into a region of white settlement by 1912, even in spite of the pro-African policies of Dernburg and Rechenberg between 1907 and 1912, was as a result of the growth of German economic enterprise in this region and the consequent increase in the population and power of its European settler communities.
Rothenberg_et_al_Appendix_2 – Supplemental material for Real-Time Surveys Reveal Important Safety Risks During Interhospital Care Transitions for Neurologic Emergencies
Creators: name: Sather, John
name: Rothenberg, Craig
name: Finn, Emily B.
name: Sheth, Kevin N.
name: Matouk, Charles
name: Pham, Laura
name: Parwani, Vivek
name: Ulrich, Andrew
name: Venkatesh, Arjun K.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, Rothenberg_et_al_Appendix_2 for Real-Time Surveys Reveal Important Safety Risks During Interhospital Care Transitions for Neurologic Emergencies by John Sather, Craig Rothenberg, Emily B. Finn, Kevin N. Sheth, Charles Matouk, Laura Pham, Vivek Parwani, Andrew Ulrich and Arjun K. Venkatesh in American Journal of Medical Quality
Rhyparus Westwood 1845
Creators: name: Skelley, Paul E.
name: Minkina, Łukasz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Rhyparus

description: Rhyparus Westwood, 1845
Rhyparus Westwood, 1845: 93. Type species: Rhyparus desjardinsi Westwood, 1845: 93, by monotypy.
Diagnosis. Member of Rhyparini, with pronotal costae, hastate posterior prosternal process and distinctly modified elytra apex with bulbs and trichome. Body elongate, weakly to more distinctly parallel-sided body Pronotal lateral margin with anterior and median lobes present. Elytral costae raised and intervals flattened (distinctly different); caudal bulb present, if divided into small lobes, trichome not divided. Metaventrite surface smooth, lacking distinct discal fovea on either side of midline. Male mesotibia and metatibia with inwardly directed apical spine (Rhyparus - type tibia: see Skelley 2007).
Comments. Rhyparus, as presently understood, is a diverse pantropical genus. Many members can be collected at light, others from leaf litter. Those that come to light can be common in collections because of this behavior. Their habits are poorly known and new, localized species are being discovered frequently (e.g., Skelley & Smith 2024; Minkina et al. 2025), especially in these remote, under sampled, island nations, and when more focused sampling techniques are used, e.g., litter extractions. The Rhyparus species discussed in this paper belong to more widespread complexes of species that require detailed revisionary work.
description: Published as part of Skelley, Paul E. & Minkina, Łukasz, 2025, Review of the Rhyparini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of eastern Melanesia and Polynesia, with descriptions of new species, pp. 115-137 in Zootaxa 5632 (1) on page 127, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5632.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/15371661
Convolutional Proximal Neural Networks and Plug-and-Play Algorithms
Creators: name: Hertrich, Johannes
name: Neumayer, Sebastian
name: Steidl, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we introduce convolutional proximal neural networks (cPNNs), which are by construction averaged operators. For filters of full length, we propose a stochastic gradient descent algorithm on a submanifold of the Stiefel manifold to train cPNNs. In case of filters with limited length, we design algorithms for minimizing functionals that approximate the orthogonality constraints imposed on the operators by penalizing the least squares distance to the identity operator. Then, we investigate how scaled cPNNs with a prescribed Lipschitz constant can be used for denoising signals and images, where the achieved quality depends on the Lipschitz constant. Finally, we apply cPNN based denoisers within a Plug-and-Play (PnP) framework and provide convergence results for the corresponding PnP forward-backward splitting algorithm based on an oracle construction.
Knowledge Graphs in Manufacturing and Production: A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Buchgeher, Georg
name: Gabauer, David
name: Martinez-Gil, Jorge
name: Ehrlinger, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge graphs in manufacturing and production aim to make production lines more efficient and flexible with higher quality output. This makes knowledge graphs attractive for companies to reach Industry 4.0 goals. However, existing research in the field is quite preliminary, and more research effort on analyzing how knowledge graphs can be applied in the field of manufacturing and production is needed. Therefore, we have conducted a systematic literature review as an attempt to characterize the state-of-the-art in this field, i.e., by identifying exiting research and by identifying gaps and opportunities for further research. To do that, we have focused on finding the primary studies in the existing literature, which were classified and analyzed according to four criteria: bibliometric key facts, research type facets, knowledge graph characteristics, and application scenarios. Besides, an evaluation of the primary studies has also been carried out to gain deeper insights in terms of methodology, empirical evidence, and relevance. As a result, we can offer a complete picture of the domain, which includes such interesting aspects as the fact that knowledge fusion is currently the main use case for knowledge graphs, that empirical research and industrial application are still missing to a large extent, that graph embeddings are not fully exploited, and that technical literature is fast-growing but seems to be still far from its peak.
A Reconfigurable Convolution-in-Pixel CMOS Image Sensor Architecture
Creators: name: Song, Ruibing
name: Huang, Kejie
name: Wang, Zongsheng
name: Shen, Haibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The separation of the data capture and analysis in modern vision systems has led to a massive amount of data transfer between the end devices and cloud computers, resulting in long latency, slow response, and high power consumption. Efficient hardware architectures are under focused development to enable Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the resource-limited end sensing devices. One of the most promising solutions is to enable Processing-in-Pixel (PIP) scheme. However, the conventional schemes suffer from the low fill-factor issue. This paper proposes a PIP based CMOS sensor architecture, which allows convolution operation before the column readout circuit to significantly improve the image reading speed with much lower power consumption. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture could support the computing efficiency up to 11.65 TOPS/W at the 8-bit weight configuration, which is three times as high as the conventional schemes. The transistors required for each pixel are only 2.5T, significantly improving the fill-factor.
Quantum Divide and Compute: Exploring The Effect of Different Noise Sources
Creators: name: Ayral, Thomas
name: Régent, François-Marie Le
name: Saleem, Zain
name: Alexeev, Yuri
name: Suchara, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our recent work (Ayral et al., 2020 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)) showed the first implementation of the Quantum Divide and Compute (QDC) method, which allows to break quantum circuits into smaller fragments with fewer qubits and shallower depth. QDC can thus deal with the limited number of qubits and short coherence times of noisy, intermediate-scale quantum processors. This article investigates the impact of different noise sources -- readout error, gate error and decoherence -- on the success probability of the QDC procedure. We perform detailed noise modeling on the Atos Quantum Learning Machine, allowing us to understand tradeoffs and formulate recommendations about which hardware noise sources should be preferentially optimized. We describe in detail the noise models we used to reproduce experimental runs on IBM's Johannesburg processor. This work also includes a detailed derivation of the equations used in the QDC procedure to compute the output distribution of the original quantum circuit from the output distribution of its fragments. Finally, we analyze the computational complexity of the QDC method for the circuit under study via tensor-network considerations, and elaborate on the relation the QDC method with tensor-network simulation methods.
Explicit sieve estimates and nonexistence of odd multiperfect numbers of a certain form
Creators: name: Yamada, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11A25, secondary 11A05, 11N25, 11N36

description: We prove explicit asymptotic formulae for some functions used in sieve methods and show that there exists no odd multiperfect number of abundancy four whose squared part is cubefree.
description: 17 pages (The proof of Lemma 2.3 is refined and Theorem 3.1 is improved, freeing us from checking exceptional primes), the author's final version. Appeared in International J. Number Theory (Online Ready)
title: History and Archaeology of Fathpur-Sikri.
Creators: name: Husain, Abul Basher Musharaf
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1960

description: This thesis aims at a critical study of the palace-city of the Emperor Akbar at Fathpur-Sikri. The thesis is divided in two volutes: I. Text; II. Plates. The text contains seven chapters: I. Gives a geographical study of the site: its geographical relations, the local topography and other various factors affecting the life of the people there. II. Outlines the history of the city. The earliest mention of the place, the reasons for the building of the city, the contemporary accounts of the building, the date of the royal occupation, the causes for its desertion, and its later history, have all been arranged chronologically. III. Summarizes the revenue resources of the Mughal Empire under Akbar and deduces the sources of the money by which the building of the city was made possible. IV. Gives an account of the site, and the general dis-position of the remains there. V. Describes the various architectural remains of the city. The major buildings are discussed in detail as well as their decoration and restoration. A critical estimation has in each case been attempted, and the various buildings dated. VI. Catalogues the architectural monuments known only through literary references. VII. Conclusion. Volume II. contains 2 maps, 137 photographs, and 67 drawings.
Characterizations of monadic NIP
Creators: name: Braunfeld, Samuel
name: Laskowski, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C45

description: We give several characterizations of when a complete first-order theory $T$ is monadically NIP, i.e. when expansions of $T$ by arbitrary unary predicates do not have the independence property. The central characterization is a condition on finite satisfiability of types. Other characterizations include decompositions of models, the behavior of indiscernibles, and a forbidden configuration. As an application, we prove non-structure results for hereditary classes of finite substructures of non-monadically NIP models that eliminate quantifiers.
description: We include corrigenda to v2 in an appendix. The notion of endless indiscernible triviality is introduced and replaces indiscernible triviality throughout, in particular in Theorem 1.1. The claim regarding the failure of 4-wqo in Theorem 1.2 is withdrawn and remains unproved
Automorphism groups over a hyperimaginary
Creators: name: Kim, Byunghan
name: Lee, Hyoyoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C60 (Primary) 54H11 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we study the Lascar group over a hyperimaginary e. We verify that various results about the group over a real set still hold when the set is replaced by e. First of all, there is no written proof in the available literature that the group over e is a topological group. We present an expository style proof of the fact, which even simplifies existing proofs for the real case. We further extend a result that the orbit equivalence relation under a closed subgroup of the Lascar group is type-definable. On the one hand, we correct errors appeared in the book, "Simplicity Theory" [6, 5.1.14-15] and produce a counterexample. On the other, we extend Newelski's Theorem in "The diameter of a Lascar strong type" [12] that `a G-compact theory over a set has a uniform bound for the Lascar distances' to the hyperimaginary context. Lastly, we supply a partial positive answer to a question raised in "The relativized Lascar groups, type-amalgamations, and algebraicity" [4, 2.11], which is even a new result in the real context.
description: 25 pages; this is the final version before the proofreading
On Zero Point Calibration of the Red Giant Branch Tip in the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Hoyt, Taylor J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A zero point calibration of the Red Giant Branch Tip (TRGB) in the $I$-band is determined from OGLE photometry of the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). It is shown that TRGB measurements made in star-forming regions, with concomitantly high quantities of gas and dust, are less precise and biased to fainter magnitudes, as compared to the same measurements made in quiescent regions. Once these low accuracy fields are excluded from consideration, the TRGB can be used for the first time to constrain the three-dimensional plane geometry of the LMC. Composite CMDs are constructed for the SMC and LMC from only those fields with well-defined TRGB features, and the highest accuracy TRGB zero point calibration to date is presented. The $I$-band TRGB magnitude is measured to be flat over the color range $ 1.45 < (V-I)_0 < 1.95$ mag, with a modest slope introduced when including metal-rich (up to $(V-I)_0 = 2.2$ mag) Tip stars into the fit. Both the flat, blue zero point and the shallow slope calibration are consistent with the canonical value of $-4.05$ mag for the old, metal-poor TRGB, and would appear to resolve a recent debate in the literature over the method's absolute calibration.
description: 38 pages, 24 figures; comments welcome
title: The Epistemological Basis of the Thought of the Pali Canon, With Special Reference to the Nikayas.
Creators: name: Jayatilleke, K. A. D. K. N.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1961

description: This thesis attempts an historical and philosophical evaluation of the Early Buddhist attitude to the problems of knowledge. Since this attitude is mainly a product of a product of a criticism, acceptance and synthesis of ideas derived from several different stream of thought, a detailed survey of the relevant historical background seemed desirable. The first three chapters attempt to assess the nature and impact of this background. The first illustrates the origins of reasoning in Vedie thought and the early interest in the problem of knowledge. The second shows how the Materialists were critical of authority and urged perception or verifiable inference as the only means of knowledge or denied even this. The third reveals the presence of an influential sceptical movement, which doubted the possibility of knowledge on rational or pragmatic grounds. It shows the emergence for historical reasons of different kinds of logic and certain epistemological theories among thesceptics, Ajivikas and Jains. The fourth chapter deals with the Buddhist analysis and criticism of authority. The next Illustrate the kinds of reasoning prevalent at this time and the Buddhist criticism of them. Ch. VI shows how an analytical find critical outlook leads to greater precision in the use of language and a theory of meaning. Ch.VII seeks to define the nature of the logic of the four alternative possibilities and the theory of truth as found in the Canon. In Ch.VIII is discussed the problem as to whether the Buddhist criticism of authority and reason was consistent with the attitude to authority and reason within Buddhism. Ch. IX shows that perception(sensory and extra-sensory) and inductive reasoning based on it were the recognised mans of knowledge. This was supported by an empiricist theory of causation. It is seen that Buddism is a form of Empiricism, which nevertheless recognised its limitations.(The Appendix was necessitated by a problem in Ch.IV).
title: The Control of Delinquency by Social, Political and Legal Institutions in Nigeria.
Creators: name: Akpojaro, James Otubini
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1969

description: There are published works on the criminal law of Nigeria, but none of these appears to have attempted a criminological approach to the subject. It is to arouse interest in this field that this research work has been undertaken. Accordingly, the survey discusses how delinquency was controlled in the various societies which were brought together as Nigeria, and what impact this traditional background has had on the penal sanctions introduced by the British. This aspect of the conflict of cultures in an African country and the consequent difficulties in accepting and conforming to the criminal laws, are considered. As a result, the work is divided into two parts, first, the traditional or customary sanctions are discussed and then the modern penal system. The first four chapters, are devoted to the traditional sanctions. Chapter one introduces the discussion and then deals with the traditional political, social and religious institutions which contributed to the suppression of delinquency in pre-colonial times. In particular, the role played by the traditional rulers and men of influence, as well as supernatural agencies, are pointed out. Chapter two discusses the sources of customary criminal laws while chapter three indicates the content of those laws. Fart one is concluded by discussing the customary modes of trial and punishment of the offender. Chapter five, which is the first chapter in part two, surveys the decline of the traditional institutions and the establishment of the modern penal system. Chapter six examines the received criminal law and points out that it does not reflect the ethos, morals or beliefs of the people. The established modern courts, criminal procedure, the police and the prisons as institutions for the control of delinquency are discussed in chapters seven, eight, nine and ten respectively, while chapter eleven deals with juvenile delinquency. The work is concluded by chapter twelve which reflects on all that has been discussed and looks forward to the future by making suggestions for future Government policy, research and improvements in the methods of preventing, detecting and treating delinquency in Nigeria.
Multi-objective Optimization by Learning Space Partitions
Creators: name: Zhao, Yiyang
name: Wang, Linnan
name: Yang, Kevin
name: Zhang, Tianjun
name: Guo, Tian
name: Tian, Yuandong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In contrast to single-objective optimization (SOO), multi-objective optimization (MOO) requires an optimizer to find the Pareto frontier, a subset of feasible solutions that are not dominated by other feasible solutions. In this paper, we propose LaMOO, a novel multi-objective optimizer that learns a model from observed samples to partition the search space and then focus on promising regions that are likely to contain a subset of the Pareto frontier. The partitioning is based on the dominance number, which measures "how close" a data point is to the Pareto frontier among existing samples. To account for possible partition errors due to limited samples and model mismatch, we leverage Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to exploit promising regions while exploring suboptimal regions that may turn out to contain good solutions later. Theoretically, we prove the efficacy of learning space partitioning via LaMOO under certain assumptions. Empirically, on the HyperVolume (HV) benchmark, a popular MOO metric, LaMOO substantially outperforms strong baselines on multiple real-world MOO tasks, by up to 225% in sample efficiency for neural architecture search on Nasbench201, and up to 10% for molecular design.
Parallel Simulation of Quantum Networks with Distributed Quantum State Management
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaoliang
name: Kolar, Alexander
name: Chung, Joaquin
name: Jin, Dong
name: Kettimuthu, Rajkumar
name: Suchara, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum network simulators offer the opportunity to cost-efficiently investigate potential avenues to building networks that scale with the number of users, communication distance, and application demands by simulating alternative hardware designs and control protocols. Several quantum network simulators have been recently developed with these goals in mind. However, as the size of the simulated networks increases, sequential execution becomes time consuming. Parallel execution presents a suitable method for scalable simulations of large-scale quantum networks, but the unique attributes of quantum information create some unexpected challenges. In this work we identify requirements for parallel simulation of quantum networks and develop the first parallel discrete event quantum network simulator by modifying the existing serial SeQUeNCe simulator. Our contributions include the design and development of a quantum state manager (QSM) that maintains shared quantum information distributed across multiple processes. We also optimize our parallel code by minimizing the overhead of the QSM and decreasing the amount of synchronization among processes. Using these techniques, we observe a speedup of 2 to 25 times when simulating a 1,024-node linear network with 2 to 128 processes. We also observe efficiency greater than 0.5 for up to 32 processes in a linear network topology of the same size and with the same workload. We repeat this evaluation with a randomized workload on a caveman network. Finally, we also introduce several methods for partitioning networks by mapping them to different parallel simulation processes. We released the parallel SeQUeNCe simulator as an open-source tool alongside the existing sequential version.
Physics-informed neural networks via stochastic Hamiltonian dynamics learning
Creators: name: Bajaj, Chandrajit
name: Nguyen, Minh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2; I.6
subject: 34K35

description: In this paper, we propose novel learning frameworks to tackle optimal control problems by applying the Pontryagin maximum principle and then solving for a Hamiltonian dynamical system. Applying the Pontryagin maximum principle to the original optimal control problem shifts the learning focus to reduced Hamiltonian dynamics and corresponding adjoint variables. Then, the reduced Hamiltonian networks can be learned by going backwards in time and then minimizing loss function deduced from the Pontryagin maximum principle's conditions. The learning process is further improved by progressively learning a posterior distribution of the reduced Hamiltonians. This is achieved through utilizing a variational autoencoder which leads to more effective path exploration process. We apply our learning frameworks called NeuralPMP to various control tasks and obtain competitive results.
description: To be published in Springer series "Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems"
Attainable forms of intermediate dimensions
Creators: name: Banaji, Amlan
name: Rutar, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A78, 28A80

description: The intermediate dimensions are a family of dimensions which interpolate between the Hausdorff and box dimensions of sets. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for a given function $h(θ)$ to be realized as the intermediate dimensions of a bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$. This condition is a straightforward constraint on the Dini derivatives of $h(θ)$, which we prove is sharp using a homogeneous Moran set construction.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures. v4: Clarify assumptions of Lemma 3.4 and many other typo fixes; results and numbering unchanged
title: The Swahili-Speaking Communities of the Kenya Coast, 1895-1965.
Creators: name: Salim, Ahmed Idha
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1968

description: Before 1895, the Arab-Swahili peoples were largely autonomous communities owing allegiance to the Sultan of Zanzibar. The advent of a British protectorate in that year, ushered in a period of unprecedented, rapid changes in their political, economic and cultural position. True, the protectorate government accommodated the traditional Arab administration, but its members were fully-fledged, if colourful, civil servants. The coastal people were treated hardly differently from the African majority, over whom the protectorate government systematically extended its authority. The abolition of slavery and challenge to traditional tenure of land shattered the coastal peoples' economic position. Laws on game, forests and trade eclipsed other forms of economic exploitation. The influx of Indians and their control of commerce and skilled jobs, including the clerical profession in the government and private sector, restricted new opportunities for the demoralised coastal people. Meanwhile in the interior, European settlement had led some people to think in terms of a white man's country. The problem of adapting to the changed economic and political situation was complicated by the conflict of cultures, which prevented the Arab and Swahili from unequivocally accepting western education at a time when the equally underprivileged African was accepting it more and more from the missionary. By the end of the First World War, however, there had already appeared a coterie of enlightened Arabs (significantly at the same time as some Africans) who began to challenge the status quo in the country. But the European and his Indian challenger dominated the stage throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The African's dramatic challenge to the minorities after the Second world War threw them on their guard. It v/as, perhaps, too late to consider compromise with African aspirations after the Mau Mau movement exploded in 1952. Only slowly did its full significance dawn on non-African minds. Arab-Swahili reaction to African nationalism was one of sympathy qualified by the conviction that their own position as natives of the coast was unassailable. Inevitably, challenge to this assertion from coast African politicians drove them to declare for a coast autonomy based on the 1895 Treaty, acknowledging the Sultan's sovereignty. Inter-tribal jealousy amongst the Africans, culminating into rival parties, 'unitary' KANU and 'regionalist' KADU, fortified the Arabs and Swahili in their fear of domination. Although 'Mwambao', or coast autonomy, failed, most of the irrational fears of the coastal people were absorbed within Regionalism, which allowed them unprecedented participation in their own government and, thus prepared them eventually to accept full integration. Their position in modern Kenya is far more secure than that of the Indian or European. As most of them know no other home, this is hardly surprising.
Global critical chart for local Calabi-Yau threefolds
Creators: name: Kinjo, Tasuki
name: Masuda, Naruki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we investigate Keller's deformed Calabi--Yau completion of the derived category of coherent sheaves on a smooth variety. In particular, for an $n$-dimensional smooth variety $Y$, we describe the derived category of the total space of an $ω_Y$-torsor as a certain deformed $(n+1)$-Calabi--Yau completion of the derived category of $Y$.
 As an application, we investigate the geometry of the derived moduli stack of compactly supported coherent sheaves on a local curve, i.e., a Calabi--Yau threefold of the form $\mathrm{Tot}_C(N)$, where $C$ is a smooth projective curve and $N$ is a rank two vector bundle on $C$. We show that the derived moduli stack is equivalent to the derived critical locus of a function on a certain smooth moduli space. This result will be used by the first author and Naoki Koseki in their joint work on Higgs bundles and Gopakumar--Vafa invariants.
description: 22 pages. v2:Added Section 1.5 and some references
Comparative evaluation of the web-based contiguous cartogram generation tool go-cart.io
Creators: name: Duncan, Ian K.
name: Gastner, Michael T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Area cartograms are map-based data visualizations in which the area of each map region is proportional to the data value it represents. Long utilized in print media, area cartograms have also become increasingly popular online, often accompanying news articles and blog posts. Despite their popularity, there is a dearth of cartogram generation tools accessible to non-technical users unfamiliar with Geographic Information Systems software. Few tools support the generation of contiguous cartograms (i.e., area cartograms that faithfully represent the spatial adjacency of neighboring regions). We thus reviewed existing contiguous cartogram software and compared two web-based cartogram tools: fBlog and go-cart.io. We experimentally evaluated their usability through a user study comprising cartogram generation and analysis tasks. The System Usability Scale was adopted to quantify how participants perceived the usability of both tools. We also collected written feedback from participants to determine the main challenges faced while using the software. Participants generally rated go-cart.io as being more usable than fBlog. Compared to fBlog, go-cart.io offers a greater variety of built-in maps and allows importing data values by file upload. Still, our results suggest that even go-cart.io suffers from poor usability because the graphical user interface is complex and data can only be imported as a comma-separated-values file. We also propose changes to go-cart.io and make general recommendations for web-based cartogram tools to address these concerns.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables; version accepted by PLOS ONE
Multifractality and excited-state quantum phase transition in ferromagnetic spin-$1$ Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Niu, Zhen-Xia
name: Wang, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multifractality of quantum states plays an important role for understanding numerous complex phenomena observed in different branches of physics. The multifractal properties of the eigenstates allow for charactering various phase transitions. In this work, we perform a thoroughly analysis of the impacts of an excited-state quantum phase transition (ESQPT) on the fractal behavior of both static and dynamical wavefunctions in a ferromagentic spin-$1$ Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).By studying the features of the fractal dimensions, we show how the multifractality of eigenstates and time evolved state are affected by the presence of ESQPT. Specifically, the underlying ESQPT leads to a strong localization effect, which in turn enables us to use it as an indicator of ESQPT. We verify the ability of the fractal dimensions to probe the occurrence of ESQPT through a detailed scaling analysis. We also discuss how the ESQPT manifests itself in the fractal dimensions of the long-time averaged state. Our findings further confirm that the multifractal analysis is a powerful tool for studying of phase transitions in quantum many-body systems and also hint an potential application of ESQPTs in burgeoning field of state preparation engineering.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Rhyparus fijiensis Minkina, Anichtchenko, Vasiljeva, & Skelley 2022
Creators: name: Skelley, Paul E.
name: Minkina, Łukasz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Rhyparus
Rhyparus fijiensis

description: Rhyparus fijiensis Minkina, Anichtchenko, Vasiljeva, & Skelley, 2022
Figures 30–31
Rhyparus fijiensis Minkina, Anichtchenko, Vasiljeva, & Skelley, 2022: 86–88. Type locality: Fiji, Viti Levu Island, Navai.
Diagnosis. A member of the genus Rhyparus distinguished from other species by the larger body size, length 5.9–7.8 mm (Fig. 30). Head with clypeal margin sharply toothed. Pronotal lateral margin strongly sinuate and lobed; costa low and straight; surface evenly coarsely punctate with punctures separated by a one or more puncture diameter. Elytral costae low, straight; discomedian costa with postdiscal swelling abrupt, bulbous; intercostae glossy, with opalescent sheen. Abdomen of female with apical ventrite shortened medially; female pygidium depressed into last ventrite, surface weakly carinate medially with truncate apex (Fig. 31).
Distribution. Fiji (Vanua Levu, Viti Levu).
Material examined. A total of 28 specimens as cited in Minkina et al. (2022).
Comments. This is one of the species having modified female apical abdominal ventrite and pygidium (Minkina et al. 2022, 2023, 2025). See discussion under Rhyparus vanuatuensis, new species.
description: Published as part of Skelley, Paul E. & Minkina, Łukasz, 2025, Review of the Rhyparini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of eastern Melanesia and Polynesia, with descriptions of new species, pp. 115-137 in Zootaxa 5632 (1) on page 129, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5632.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/15371661
Multi-Objective Latent Space Optimization of Generative Molecular Design Models
Creators: name: Abeer, A N M Nafiz
name: Urban, Nathan
name: Weil, M Ryan
name: Alexander, Francis J.
name: Yoon, Byung-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Molecular design based on generative models, such as variational autoencoders (VAEs), has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its efficiency for exploring high-dimensional molecular space to identify molecules with desired properties. While the efficacy of the initial model strongly depends on the training data, the sampling efficiency of the model for suggesting novel molecules with enhanced properties can be further enhanced via latent space optimization. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective latent space optimization (LSO) method that can significantly enhance the performance of generative molecular design (GMD). The proposed method adopts an iterative weighted retraining approach, where the respective weights of the molecules in the training data are determined by their Pareto efficiency. We demonstrate that our multi-objective GMD LSO method can significantly improve the performance of GMD for jointly optimizing multiple molecular properties.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
Electric Double Layer at the Metal-Oxide/Electrolyte Interface
Creators: name: Knijff, Lisanne
name: Jia, Mei
name: Zhang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metal-oxide surfaces act as both Brønsted acids and bases, which allows the exchange of protons with the electrolyte solution and generates either positive or negative proton charges depending on the environmental pH. These interfacial proton charges are then compensated by counter-ions from the electrolyte solution, which leads to the formation of the electric double layer (EDL). Because the EDL plays a crucial role in electrochemistry, geochemistry and colloid science, understanding the structure-property relationship of the EDL in metal-oxide systems from both experimental and theoretical approaches is necessary. This chapter focuses on the physical chemistry of the protonic double layer at the metal-oxide/electrolyte interface. In particular, determinations of the EDL capacitance and the double-layer potential from potentiometric titration experiments, electrochemical methods, surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are summarized. This is followed by discussions from the atomistic modelling aspect of the EDL, with an emphasis on the density-functional theory-based molecular dynamics simulations. A conclusion and outlook for future works on this topic are also given.
title: Political Relations Between India and Nepal, 1877-1923.
Creators: name: Mojumdar, Kanchanmoy
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1968

description: This is a study of the political relations between British India and Nepal from the death of the first Rana prime minister of Nepal, Maharaja Jang Bahadur, in 1877 to the Anglo-Nepalese treaty of 1923. It seeks to show the interaction of the British and Nepalese diplomacy, of the challenge of the one and the reaction of the other, leading finally to the evolution of a spirit of compromise and adjustment of mutual interests for the sake of the mutual benefit of the two governments. The first Chapter, a prologue, contains a brief survey of the land and the peoples of Nepal and the main trends of their government's relations with British India between 1767 and 1877. The next two chapters deal with three main issues: Nepal's policy of restricting the movements of the British Resident, the question of the recruitment of Gurkhas in the British Indian Army, and the British policy of supplying arms to Nepal to facilitate Gurkha recruitment. Nepal's relations with China and Tibet and how they influenced the British attitude to Nepal and their policy in Tibet have been studied in the three following chapters. The circumstances leading to the Treaty of 1923 and its importance from the Nepalese and British points of view form the subject of the next-the seventh-chapter. Finally, I have attempted in the last chapter an assessment of the British influence on Nepal, its extent and intensity. In writing the thesis, extensive use has been made of unpublished materials in the United Kingdom, India and Nepal, a full list of which has been provided in the bibliography.
Compactness of supermassive dark objects at galactic centers
Creators: name: Virbhadra, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define compactness of a gravitational lens as the scaled closest distance of approach (i.e., $r_0/M$) of the null geodesic giving rise to an image. We model forty supermassive dark objects as Schwarzschild lenses and compute compactness of lenses (determined by the formation of the first order relativistic image). We then obtain a novel formula for the compactness of a lens as a function of mass to the distance ratio ($M/D_d$) and the ratio of lens-source to the observer-source distances ($D_{ds}/D_s$). This formula yields a very important result: Just an observation of a relativistic image would give an incredibly accurate upper bound to the physical compactness (the ratio of the radius to mass) of the lens without having any knowledge of mass of the lens, angular source position, and observer-source and lens-source distances. Similarly, we show that the observation of the second order relativistic image would give a lower value of upper bound to the physical compactness. These results, though obtained for supermassive dark objects at galactic centers, are valid for any object compact enough to give rise to relativistic images.
description: This paper is dedicated to the memory of my guru Professor P. C. Vaidya. (In Sanskrit, gu means darkness and ru means one who dispels.)