cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the charm fragmentation function in D* photoproduction at HERA
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
name: Chekanov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charm fragmentation function has been measured in D* photoproduction with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 120 pb-1. The fragmentation function is measured versus z = (E+p_parallel){D*}/2E{jet}, where E is the energy of the D* meson and p_parallel is the longitudinal momentum of the D* meson relative to the axis of the associated jet of energy E{jet}. Jets were reconstructed using the kT clustering algorithm and required to have transverse energy larger than 9 GeV. The D* meson associated with the jet was required to have a transverse momentum larger than 2 GeV. The measured function is compared to different fragmentation models incorporated in leading-logarithm Monte Carlo simulations and in a next-to-leading-order QCD calculation. The free parameters in each fragmentation model are fitted to the data. The extracted parameters and the function itself are compared to measurements from e+e- experiments.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted by JHEP. New version including small textual clarifications in response to journal referee
Spectroscopic Observations of New Oort Cloud Comet 2006 VZ13 and Four Other Comets
Creators: name: Gilbert, A. M.
name: Wiegert, P. A.
name: Unda-Sanzana, E.
name: Vaduvescu, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral data are presented for comets 2006 VZ13 (LINEAR), 2006 K4 (NEAT), 2006 OF2 (Broughton), 2P/Encke, and 93P/Lovas I, obtained with the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory 1.5-m telescope in August 2007. Comet 2006 VZ13 is a new Oort cloud comet and shows strong lines of CN (3880 angstroms), the Swan band sequence for C_2 (4740, 5160, and 5630 angstroms), C_3 (4056 angstroms), and other faint species. Lines are also identified in the spectra of the other comets. Flux measurements of the CN, C_2 (Delta v = +1,0), and C_3 lines are recorded for each comet and production rates and ratios are derived. When considering the comets as a group, there is a correlation of C_2 and C_3 production with CN, but there is no conclusive evidence that the production rate ratios depend on heliocentric distance. The continuum is also measured, and the dust production and dust-to-gas ratios are calculated. There is a general trend, for the group of comets, between the dust-to-gas ratio and heliocentric distance, but it does not depend on dynamical age or class. Comet 2006 VZ13 is determined to be in the carbon-depleted (or Tempel 1 type) class.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables; Accepted by MNRAS
Rescuing the Initial Mass Function for Arp 78
Creators: name: Kotulla, Ralf
name: Fritze, Uta
name: Gallagher, John S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep R and narrow-band Halpha images of Arp 78 obtained with the WIYN 3.5-m telescope on Kitt Peak. GALEX observations had shown a very extended UV structure for this system, reaching beyond the optical radius of Arp 78 and also beyond its previously known Halpha-radius. Our new Halpha data now show agreement not only with the spatial extent of the near- and far-UV maps, but also in terms of structural details. Star formation rates derived from L(Halpha) and L(FUV) are in reasonable agreement, indicating that in this case the upper stellar IMF in the UV-bright outer arm is relatively normal. The star forming sites in the outer arms are younger than ~15 Myr and massive enough to properly sample the IMF up to high masses; their low optical visibility evidently is a property of their youth.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ Letters; 4 pages, 2 figures; uses emulateapj
Oxygen isotope calibration of the onset of ice-rafting and history of glaciation in the North Atlantic region
Creators: name: Shackleton, N. J.
name: Backman, J.
name: Zimmerman, H.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Hall, M. A.
name: Roberts, D. G.
name: Schnitker, D.
name: Baldauf, J. G.
name: Desprairies, A.
name: Homrighausen, R.
name: Huddleston, P.
name: Keene, J. B.
name: Kaltenback, A. J.
name: Krumsiek, K. A. O.
name: Morton, A. C.
name: Murray, J. W.
name: Westberg-Smith, J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We report here that DSDP Site SS2A, cored with the hydraulic piston corer on the west flank of RockaU Bank, recovered an undisturbed sequence of alternating white deep-sea carbonate oozes and dark-coloured layers that are rich in glacial debris. Oxygen isotope analysis of the sequence together with detailed nannofossil and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy shows that the first major horizon of ice-rafting occurred at about 2.4 Myr, and was preceded by a minor pulse of ice-rafting at about 2.5 Myr. The carbon isotope record shows that the site has been bathed by a water mass of similar characteristics to present-day North Atlantic deep water at least since 3.5 Myr.
Conduction-dominated heat transport of the annual temperature signal in soil
Creators: name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Pollack, Henry N.
name: Enz, John W.
name: Lewis, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Earth temperature
Atmosphere
Hydrology

description: Conductive heat transport of temperature signals into the subsurface is a central assumption of ground surface temperature (GST) reconstructions derived from present-day temperatures in deep boreholes. Here we test this assumption and its implications for annual relationships between GST and surface air temperature (SAT) by analyzing two decades of shallow soil temperature (0.01-11.7 m) and SAT time series measured at Fargo, North Dakota. We spectrally decompose each of these temperature time series to determine the amplitude and phase of the annual signal at each depth. Conductive heat transport of a harmonic temperature signal in a homogeneous medium is characterized theoretically by exponential amplitude attenuation and linear phase shift with depth. We show that transport of the annual signal in the soil at Fargo follows these theoretical characterizations of conduction closely: the depth dependence of both the natural logarithm of the amplitude and the phase shift are highly linear. Interval wave velocities and thermal diffusivities calculated as functions of depth suggest a diffusivity gradient in the upper meter of the soil. We estimate the annual signal at the ground surface by extrapolating amplitude and phase shift regression lines upward to the surface. We compare this estimate of the annual signal at the ground surface to the annual signal contained in the SAT and show the ground surface signal to be attenuated ~20% and negligibly phase shifted relative to the SAT.
Social Influence and Education Policy Effects on Student Development
Creators: name: Nguyen, Nhu
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This dissertation studies different social factors that affect students’ cognitive, non-cognitive skills, and behaviors. The first chapter provides evidence on the immediate effects of exposure to violent crimes on academic performance and externalizing behaviors among high school students. I find that exposure to violent crimes decreases PSAT, ACT/SAT scores, and exposure to homicides increases the likelihood of receiving a suspension, detention, or expulsion within 10 days following the exposure. The second chapter documents the spillover effect of teacher quality in terms of reducing absences. The results show that older siblings’ teacher effects on absences have a moderate spillover effect on younger siblings, and a significant spillover of comparable magnitude also occurs from younger siblings’ teacher effects on older siblings’ absences. The similar findings between the two groups of siblings and the pattern of heterogeneity indicate that the spillover effects are mostly driven by parental behavior responses. The third chapter explores the effect of the Minimum Dropout Age law on student tobacco products and alcohol use. My results reject the hypothesis that there is an increase in the rates of tobacco products and alcohol use among students under 16 years old after the law is implemented.
Tethyan magnetostratigraphy from Pizzo Mondello (Sicily) and correlation to the Late Triassic Newark astrochronological polarity time scale
Creators: name: Muttoni, Giovanni
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Di Stefano, Piero
name: Lowrie, William
name: Bernasconi, Stefano M.
name: Hernandez, Fatima Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Paleontology

description: We present the magnetostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy from an expanded (∼430-m-thick) Upper Triassic marine limestone section at Pizzo Mondello, Sicily, and review published biostratigraphic information that can be used to define the location of the conodont Carnian-Norian and Norian-Rhaetian boundaries in this section. Pizzo Mondello offers good potential for magneto-stratigraphic correlation of marine biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data with the continental Newark astrochronological polarity time scale (APTS) for development of an integrated Late Triassic time scale. The relatively stable average values of δ18O centered on 0‰ are a strong indication that the Cherty Limestone at Pizzo Mondello suffered very little diagenetic overprinting. The conodont Carnian-Norian boundary is located 12.5 m above a positive shift of δ13C. A statistical approach was applied to evaluate various Pizzo Mondello to Newark magnetostratigraphic correlations. Two correlation options have the highest correlation coefficients. In option #1, the base of Pizzo Mondello correlates with the middle part of the Newark APTS, whereas in option #2, the base of Pizzo Mondello starts toward the early part of the Newark APTS. We prefer option #2 in which the Carnian-Norian boundary based on conodonts, as well as its closely associated positive δ13C shift, correspond to Newark magnetozone E7 at ca. 228–227 Ma (adopting Newark astrochronology), implying a long Norian with a duration of ∼20 m.y., and a Rhaetian of ∼6 m.y. duration. These ages are in fact not inconsistent with the few high-quality radiometric dates that are available for Late Triassic time scale calibration. Based on its good exposure, accessibility, stratigraphic thickness and continuity, and multiple chronostratigraphic correlation possibilities, we propose Pizzo Mondello as global stratigraphic section and point for the base of the Norian.
Paleomagnetic reconnaissance of early Mesozoic carbonates from Williston Lake, northeastern British Columbia, Canada: evidence for late Mesozoic remagnetization
Creators: name: Muttoni, Giovanni
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Orchard, Mike
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Three classic sections of Middle and Late Triassic fossiliferous limestones cropping out around Williston Lake in British Columbia, Canada, were sampled for paleomagnetic study. The objective was to test the suitability of these units for detailed magnetobiostratigraphic study with the aim of improving the reference Triassic geomagnetic polarity time scale. The Williston Lake characteristic magnetizations differ, however, from any Triassic North America cratonic reference directions. A satisfactory agreement is found instead with Cretaceous-early Cenozoic North America cratonic reference directions. The exclusive occurrence of normal polarity suggests that remagnetization likely occurred during the Cretaceous long normal superchron. Remagnetizations may have been triggered by connate brines, which moved along aquifers of porous sandstones and carbonates in the early stages of Laramide folding.
Nuclear and Particle Physics applications of the Bohm Picture of Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Miranda, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Approximation methods for calculating individual particle/ field motions in spacetime at the quantum level of accuracy (a key feature of the Bohm Picture of Quantum Mechanics (BP)), are studied. Modern textbook presentations of Quantum Theory are used throughout, but only to provide the necessary, already existing, tested formalisms and calculational techniques. New coherent insights, reinterpretations of old solutions and results, and new (in principle testable) quantitative and qualitative predictions, can be obtained on the basis of the BP that complete the standard type of postdictions and predictions.
description: 41 pages
title: ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¼Ñ Ð³ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð¼Ð¸
title: Analysis of the chassis capabilities of a vehicle with four caterpillars
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾Ð·Ð¸Ð½, ÐÐ½Ð´ÑÐµÐ¹
name: ÐÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð², ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹
name: ÐÐ¾Ð±ÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð², Ð Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½
name: "Ð¢ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ", Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÑÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð»Ð°Ð¹Ð½-ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´ÑÑ  ÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑ  Ð¸ Ð°ÑÐ¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð² (2022; Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³)
Publisher: name: ÐÐÐÐÐ¢ÐÐ¥-ÐÐ ÐÐ¡Ð¡
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ð¢ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸
ÐÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ
ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð° ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼
Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ° ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸
the motion control system
vehicle power efficiency evaluation

description: ÐÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð² Ð¾ÑÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¿Ðµ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÑÑÑÐµÑÐ³ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½ ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÐµÐµ ÑÑÐ³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾-Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸. ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ.
description: A qualitative analysis of its traction-dynamic capabilities and energy efficiency was carried out on the basis of publicly available descriptions of the device features of a promising lightweight four-caterpillar vehicle. Solutions are proposed to overcome the identified problems if it is necessary to develop a Russian analogue of such a chassis.
Anti-deuterons from heavy Dark Matter
Creators: name: Braeuninger, Carolin B.
name: Cirelli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fluxes of anti-deuterons that could be produced by annihilations in the galactic halo of Dark Matter particles with multi-TeV mass and a large annihilation cross section, as indicated by the recent PAMELA results. The model of Minimal Dark Matter (MDM) is an example in this category. We find that the fluxes are well within the reach of planned experiments for DM candidates that annihilate mainly into quark pairs, and also extend into the multi-GeV range above the background. They are instead suppressed and concentrated at too large energies to emerge above the background if the main annihilation channel is into gauge bosons (such as in particular W+W- in the MDM case).
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Propagation of linear surface air temperature trends into the terrestrial subsurface
Creators: name: Lesperance, Marielle
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Beltrami, Hugo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Atmosphere

description: Previous studies have tested the long-term coupling between air and terrestrial subsurface temperatures working under the assumption that linear trends in surface air temperature should be equal to those measured at depth within the subsurface. A one-dimensional model of heat conduction is used to show that surface trends are attenuated as a function of depth within conductive media on time scales of decades to centuries, therefore invalidating the above assumption given practical observational constraints. The model is forced with synthetic linear temperature trends as the time-varying upper boundary condition; synthetic trends are either noise free or include additions of Gaussian noise at the annual time scale. It is shown that over a 1000 year period, propagating surface trends are progressively damped with depth in both noise-free and noise-added scenarios. Over shorter intervals, the relationship between surface and subsurface trends is more variable and is strongly impacted by annual variability (i.e., noise). Using output from the FOR1 millennial simulation of the GKSS ECHO-G General Circulation Model as a more realistic surface forcing function for the conductive model, it is again demonstrated that surface trends are damped as a function of depth within the subsurface. Observational air and subsurface temperature data collected over 100 years in Armagh, Ireland, and 29 years in Fargo, North Dakota, are also analyzed and shown to have subsurface temperature trends that are not equal to the surface trend. While these conductive effects are correctly accounted for in inversions of borehole temperature profiles in paleoclimatic studies, they have not been considered in studies seeking to evaluate the long-term coupling between air and subsurface temperatures by comparing trends in their measured time series. The presented results suggest that these effects must be considered and that a demonstrated trend equivalency in air and subsurface temperatures is inconclusive regarding their long-term tracking.
title: ÐÐ´Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾-Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ðº Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÐºÐ¾Ð»ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Â«ÐÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÂ»
title: Adaptation of the combined transmission to useon a wheeled tractor
Creators: name: ÐÑÐ·Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾Ð², ÐÐ¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹
name: ÐÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð², ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹
name: ÐÐ¾Ð±ÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð², Ð Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½
name: "Ð¢ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ", Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÑÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð»Ð°Ð¹Ð½-ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´ÑÑ  ÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑ  Ð¸ Ð°ÑÐ¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð² (2022; Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³)
Publisher: name: ÐÐÐÐÐ¢ÐÐ¥-ÐÐ ÐÐ¡Ð¡
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÐÐ¾Ð»ÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ
ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ñ
ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼
Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
transforming mechanism
gear ratios

description: ÐÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐµ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸Ð· Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ¼ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ðº Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð³Ð°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹, ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ðº Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Â«ÐÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÂ». ÐÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¿ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ¼ Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½ Ð½Ð° Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¸ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÑÐ³Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ.
description: Using the example of one of the variants of the combination of kinematic schemes of the main and additional gearboxes, the possibility of implementing a range of gear ratios characteristic of gearboxes of modern Russian tractors of the Kirovets line-up is considered. The principle of constructing schemes and evaluating the possibility of implementing the specified gear ratios can be extended to other vehicles and mobile technology platforms.
Regional trends in the timing of Alleghanian remagnetization in the Appalachians
Creators: name: Miller, John D.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Pole positions related to remagnetized components isolated in Appalachian limestone and redbed rock units range over about 60 m.y. of the Permian-Carboniferous apparent polar wander path for North America. Apparent ages of remagnetization are older in the southern Appalachians and younger to the north. If the remagnetizations are associated with fluids expelled during the Alleghany orogeny, then the apparent remagnetization age trend could describe the timing of thrust-sheet emplacement.
Emission of photon pairs at discontinuities of nonlinearity in spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Creators: name: Perina, Jan
name: Luks, Antonin
name: Haderka, Ondrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to fulfil the continuity requirements for electric- and magnetic-field amplitudes at discontinuities of chi2 nonlinearity additional photon pairs have to be emitted in the area of discontinuity. Generalized two-photon spectral amplitudes can be used to describe properties of photon pairs generated in this process that we call surface spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The spectral structure of such photon pairs is similar to that derived for photon pairs generated in the volume. Surface and volume contributions to spontaneous down-conversion can be comparable as an example of nonlinear layered structures shows.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Some new methods of optical design developed from the properties of differential transfer coefficients.
Creators: name: Cruickshank, Fletcher Donaldson
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The main attempts which have been made to develop systematic methods of optical design have resulted in various algebraic solutions of the theory of the aberrations of an optical system. The essential content of each of these is an analysis of the dependence of the aberrations on the curvatures, refractive indices, axial separation, and aperture etc., i.e. on the general parameters of the system. On account of the complexity of the the problem the common procedure has been to expand. various functions In series, the expansions being carried as far as terms of a selected order, with the result that approximations of various orders have been achieved. In addition to these algebraic theories there is a trigonometrical approach based on the ray trace which does not consider orders of aberrations but employs measures of the total aberrations which are present in the image formed by the system. In the general practice of optical designing the main use of this method has been as a final test of the correction of the system. Proponents of the algebraic methods have generally considered trigonometrical ray tracing as sterile and uninstructive. For example, H. D. Taylor (1906) says 'Although the trigonometrical calculation of the course of a ray through an optical system is often highly desirable yet these are merely mechanical processes, which more especially when applied to oblique and eccentric pencils, do not lend themselves at all to analysis. They are empirical and uninstructive, or at any rate barren of enlightenment unless a large number of calculations are carried out in which certain factors such as radii or separations are varied, and the results of such variations carefully noted. All this involves much empirical work, whereas, by the aid of algebraic formulae, although they may not be quite exact, leading principles can be established and the tendencies of the corrections consequent upon the variation of any one term can always be worked out with very little trouble, and it is by the intelligent grasp of the general tendencies that an aptical construction may be varied in its parts until the utmost possible perfection is realised.' Conrady (1929), however, views the algebraic and trigonometrical processes as complementary and mutually indispensable. In the preface to his treatise he speaks of 'the elegant but approximate algebraical methods' which furnish a rough solution, and 'the rigourously exact method of trignnometrical ray tracing (which) quickly and systematically adds the necessary finishing touches.' A little experience in optical design is sufficient to show that there is still much to be desired in the 'systematic' way in which the finishing touches are added to a rough design.
title: Factors Influencing Grief Adjustment in the Elderly
Creators: name: Johnson, Jo Anne Pauline
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: The purpose of this paper was to attempt to identify variables which may enhance the ability of older widowed persons to adjust to viii bereavement. Depression and perceptions of physical health were the two aspects of adjustment selected for study. Several variables which current literature suggests may mediate grief adjustment were examined for their potential relationship to bereavement outcome. These were gender, level of grief, anticipatory grief and social network. The possible relationship between depression and perceptions of physical health was also examined for.
Subjects were 75 men and women, age 55 and over, who were recently widowed, and 29 non-bereaved men and women who served as controls. All subjects were caucasian, Mormon, and lived in small rural communities. To gather data on the variables in question, these instruments were used: the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Texas Inventory of Grief. Information on anticipatory grief, social network, and self-ratings of physical health was obtained using a structured interview developed at the Andrus Gerontology Center at the University of Southern California. Data was gathered at two times. The initial interview was held within two months of the death of each bereaved subject's spouse, and again six months later. Control subjects were interviewed twice, six to eight months apart.
Multiple regression equations with foreward inclusion were computed to identify those variables which accounted for most of the cvariance in depression scores and self-ratings of physical health.
Gender and bereavement status (whether a subject was bereaved or control) were not found to be significantly related to depression or self-ratings of physical health. Social network variables were found to facilitate lower depression scores and higher ratings of physical health, although the aspects of social network which were significant varied over time (initially family, then later non-family relationships were most important.) Depression and self-ratings of physical health were closely related. High level of grief was closely associated with high depression scores, but not with self-ratings of physical health. Expectation of the spouse's death was associated with lower self-ratings of physical health.
In-depth studies of the NGC 253 ULXs with XMM-Newton: remarkable variability in ULX1, and evidence for extended coronae
Creators: name: Barnard, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examined the variability of three ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in the 2003, 110 ks XMM-Newton observation of NGC253. Remarkably, we discovered ULX1 to be three times more variable than ULX2 in the 0.3--10 keV band, even though ULX2 is brighter. Indeed, ULX1 exhibits a power density spectrum that is consistent with the canonical high state or very high/steep power law state, but not the canonical low state. The 0.3--10 keV emission of ULX1 is predominantly non-thermal, and may be related to the very high state. We also fitted the ULX spectra with disc blackbody, slim disc and convolution Comptonization (SIMPL x DISKBB) models. The brightest ULX spectra are usually described by a two emission components (disc blackbody + Comptonized component); however, the SIMPL model results in a single emission component, and may help determine whether the well known soft excess is a feature of ULX spectra or an artifact of the two-component model. The SIMPL models were rejected for ULX3 (and also for the black hole + Wolf-Rayet binary IC10 X-1); hence, we infer that the observed soft-excesses are genuine features of ULX emission spectra. We use an extended corona scenario to explain the soft excess seen in all the highest quality ULX spectra, and provide a mechanism for stellar mass black holes to exhibit super-Eddington luminosities while remaining locally sub-Eddington.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 7 pages, 5 figures
title: Factor Analysis of a Self-report Problem Inventory for Use in Clinical Settings
Creators: name: Corey, William F.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: A factor analysis was performed using 609 subjects, each of whom completed the 265 Hem self-report problem inventory. Factor analysis was used in this context as the logical first step in the development of the problem inventory. For the purpose of analysis, 240 of the Hems were used. Results suggest that there may be utility in further research involving the problem inventory. A literature review of current diagnostic issues, se 1 f-report inventory issues, diagnostic interviewing issues, and finally, self-report inventory development is included.
Capillary Bridge Formation and Breakage: A Test to Characterize Antiadhesive Surfaces
Creators: name: Vagharchakian, Laurianne
name: Restagno, Frederic
name: Leger, Liliane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to characterize very weak adhesive surfaces, we have developed a quantitative test inspired by the Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts adhesion test for soft adhesives, which relies on the formation and then the rupture of a capillary bridge between the surface to be tested and a liquid bath. Both the shape and the kinetics of breakage of the capillary bridge for various coatings put into contact with liquids of various viscosities and surface tensions have been studied. Several pull off regimes can be distinguished. For low pull off velocities, a quasi-static regime is observed, well described by capillary equations and sensitive to the hysteresis of the contact angle of the fluid on the coating. Above a critical pull off velocity that depends on the fluid viscosity, a dynamic regime is observed, characterized by the formation of a flat pancake of fluid on the coating that recedes more slowly than the capillary bridge itself. After the breakage of the capillary bridge, a small drop can remain attached to the surface. The volume of this drop depends on the dynamical regime and is strongly affected by very small differences between the coatings. The aptitude of this test in characterizing very weakly adhesive surfaces is exemplified by a comparison between three different perfluorinated coatings.
title: Client Writing in Individual Therapy: A Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Bennion, Karla Esplin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: Client writing has been used in association with individual therapy for many years, but published research on its effectiveness is sparse. Such research could provide a potential tool for therapists, as well as expand scientific knowledge. This review includes all available reports on the topic of client writing in individual therapy. The studies fall into three general categories: the systematic, "experimental" studies; the anecdotal reports; and the didactic reports. All studies considered show some benefit from the use of client writing in therapy. Writing appears to be beneficial whether initiated by the client or directed by the therapist; beneficial to adolescents and adults of all ages; beneficial to hospitalized patients, clients in individual therapy, and to students in school counseling; beneficial with different forms of writing; beneficial with different types of therapy; and beneficial whether writing is the main focus of therapy or only an adjunctive process. However, the conclusion that client writing is beneficial is largely based on anecdotal reports from therapists who have accidentally stumbled on it. Much more systematic research is needed, beginning with a survey to determine how extensive is its use. Specific recommendations for research are made.
Effects of disorder on quantum fluctuations and superfluid density of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a two-dimensional optical lattice
Creators: name: Hu, Ying
name: Liang, Zhaoxin
name: Hu, Bambi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a 2D optical lattice in the presence of weak disorder within the framework of the Bogoliubov theory. In particular, we analyze the combined effects of disorder and an optical lattice on quantum fluctuations and superfluid density of the BEC system. Accordingly, the analytical expressions of the ground state energy and quantum depletion of the system are obtained. Our results show that the lattice still induces a characteristic 3D to 1D crossover in the behavior of quantum fluctuations, despite the presence of weak disorder. Furthermore, we use the linear response theory to calculate the normal fluid density of the condensate induced by disorder. Our results in the 3D regime show that the combined presence of disorder and lattice induce a normal fluid density that asymptotically approaches 4/3 of the corresponding condensate depletion. Conditions for possible experimental realization of our scenario are also proposed.
description: 8 pages, 0 figure. To appear in Physical Review A
Holographic description of asymptotically AdS_2 collapse geometries
Creators: name: Lowe, David A
name: Roy, Shubho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mapping between bulk supergravity fields in anti-de Sitter space and operators in the dual boundary conformal field theory usually relies heavily on the available global symmetries. In the present work, we study a generalization of this mapping to time dependent situations, for the simple case of collapsing shock waves in two spacetime dimensions. The construction makes use of analyticity of the conformal field theory and the properties of the asymptotic bulk geometry to reconstruct the non-analytic bulk observables. Many of the features of this construction are expected to apply to higher dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes and their conformal field theory duals.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Unified dark energy thermodynamics: varying w and the -1-crossing
Creators: name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
name: Gonzalez-Diaz, Pedro F.
name: Siguenza, Carmen L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, in a unified and general way, the thermodynamic properties of dark energy with an arbitrary, varying equation-of-state parameter w(a). We find that all quantities are well defined and regular for every w(a), including at the -1-crossing, with the temperature being negative in the phantom regime (w(a)-1). The density and entropy are always positive while the chemical potential can be arbitrary. At the -1-crossing, both temperature and chemical potential are zero. The temperature negativity can only be interpreted in the quantum framework. The regular behavior of all quantities at the -1-crossing, leads to the conclusion that such a crossing does not correspond to a phase transition, but rather to a smooth cross-over.
description: 5 pages, version published in Class. Quant. Grav
Mesozoic Alpine facies deposition as a result of past latitudinal plate motion
Creators: name: Muttoni, G.
name: Erba, E.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Bachtadse, V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The fragmentation of Pangaea as a consequence of the opening of the Atlantic Ocean is documented in the Alpine-Mediterranean region by the onset of widespread pelagic sedimentation1. Shallow-water sediments were replaced by mainly pelagic limestones in the Early Jurassic period, radiolarian cherts in the Middle-Late Jurassic period, and again pelagic limestones in the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous period. During initial extension, basin subsidence below the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) is thought to have triggered the transition from Early Jurassic limestones to Middle-Late Jurassic radiolarites. It has been proposed that the transition from radiolarites to limestones in the Late Jurassic period was due to an increase in calcareous nannoplankton abundance when the CCD was depressed below the ocean floor. But in modern oceans, sediments below the CCD are not necessarily radiolaritic. Here we present palaeomagnetic samples from the Jurassic-Cretaceous pelagic succession exposed in the Lombardian basin, Italy. On the basis of an analysis of our palaeolatitudinal data in a broader palaeogeographic context, we propose an alternative explanation for the above facies tripartition. We suggest that the Lombardian basin drifted initially towards, and subsequently away from, a near-equatorial upwelling zone of high biosiliceous productivity. Our tectonic model for the genesis of radiolarites adds an essential horizontal plate motion component to explanations involving only vertical variations of CCD relative to the ocean floor. It may explain the deposition of radiolarites throughout the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern region during the Jurassic period.
Seafloor Spreading, Sea Level, and Ocean Chemistry Changes
Creators: name: Miller, Kenneth G.
name: Rowley, David B.
name: Kominz, Michelle A.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: High Cretaceous ocean crust production rates have been causally linked to high global sea level and global CO_2 due to increased outgassing. However, recent studies have questioned the empirical basis for high Cretaceous global seafloor spreading rates, high Cretaceous sea level (230-320 m above present), and the relationship between geochemical fluxes and spreading rates. Although this topic has been discussed at several recent international meetings, there has been little opportunity for the protagonists in the debate of constant versus variable global seafloor spreading rates to interact. However, a group of tectonophysicists, stratigraphers, and geochemists recently met at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (Piscataway N.J.) to discuss global seafloor spreading changes and their possible relationships to sea level and geochemical variations.
title: Teaching Minimum Based Competency Test Skills to Secondary-Aged Learning Disabled Students Through The Use of Precision Teaching
Creators: name: Byrnes, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: This project investigated whether a precision teaching method used with learning disabled high school students (grades 9-12) could give them the skills needed to pass a minimum based competency test in the area of local, state and national government. The specific objective of this project was to determine if the use of precision teaching enabled the students to retain the facts needed to pass a competency test required for graduation. A multiple-baseline design across behaviors was used to show the effect of precision teaching in mastering the needed facts. The data from each baseline improved and surpassed the set criteria when the intervention was introduced. The Cache School District requires mastery level test score of 70% or higher for each competency test. The pretest scores of the students in this study ranged from 40% to 58%. When all three interventions were completed, the students' test scores ranged from 92% to 100%, thus meeting and surpassing the school district's mastery level.
Thermodynamic properties of nuclear matter with three-body forces
Creators: name: Soma, V.
name: Bozek, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate thermodynamic quantities in symmetric nuclear matter within the self-consistent Green's functions method including three-body forces. The thermodynamic potential is computed directly from a diagrammatic expansion, implemented with the CD-Bonn and Nijmegen nucleon-nucleon potentials and the Urbana three-body forces. We present results for entropy and pressure up to temperatures of 20 MeV and densities of 0.32 fm^-3. While the pressure is sensitive to the inclusion of three-body forces, the entropy is not. The unstable spinodal region is identified and the critical temperature associated to the liquid-gas phase transition is determined. When three-body forces are added we find a strong reduction of the critical temperature, obtaining T_c ~ 12 MeV.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Magnetic components contributing to the NRM of Middle Siwalik red beds
Creators: name: Tauxe, Lisa
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Opdyke, Neil D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The components of the NRM in Middle Siwalik red beds are carried by two phases of hematite, a red pigment phase and a specular hematite phase. We present evidence in the form of a conglomerate test that the specularite phase carries a remanence acquired during or shortly after deposition. The red pigment, however, post-dates deposition, in many cases by at least one reversal boundary. This secondary component has a higher coercivity but a lower blocking temperature in these rocks and can therefore be selectively removed by thermal demagnetization to reveal a primary magnetization useful for magnetostratigraphic studies.
title: The Verbal-Quantitative Differential as an Indicator of Personality Maladjustment
Creators: name: Spencer, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: Counseling centers at many universities are constantly trying to improve their value to the universities by identifying the students who have problems, and by making known to students the services that are available. Since many counseling centers are in direct contact with large numbers of students during the admissions testing program, it would seem that data gathered at this time should be carefully examined for clues that would aid a student in making a healthy and profitable adjustment to his university environment.
It has been observed by some counselors that students who seek counseling often have a wide difference between their measured Verbal and Quantitative abilities, Other clinical observations have suggested that students with a higher Quantitative than Verbal score often seem more disturbed than those whose Verbal ability exceed their Quantitative ability. In either case, regardless of which ability was high, it has appeared to some counselors that the wider the discrepancy between the two abilities, the more often a problem existed. From the above observations the present study was conceived and undertaken in an attempt to see if differences between Verbal and Quantitative ability scores might serve as a tool in identifying students with problems.
Since children normally learn verbal proficiency before acquiring quantitative skills, it was reasoned that if an individual has a high quantitative ability, he should, under normal developmental circumstances, also have an equally developed verbal ability. Therefore, in cases where the Quantitative score is high and the Verbal score is low, it was assumed that somewhere along the developmental growth process the individual may have been deterred, discouraged, or in some way blocked so as to hinder his verbal proficiency.
A study by Smith and Triggs (1950) suggested that a student's linguistic skill affects the extent to which he can make use of his quantitative ability. Smith and Triggs' study, along with the untested observations and hypothetical assumptions suggested above formed the basis for the present study.
High-Latitude Paleomagnetic Poles from Middle Jurassic Plutons and Moat Volcanics in New England and the Controversy Regarding Jurassic Apparent Polar Wander for North America
Creators: name: Van Fossen, Mickey C.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A paleomagnetic study of Middle Jurassic plutonic and volcanic rocks in New England (White Mountains Magma Series) yields high-latitude pole positions for North America. High unblocking temperature, moderate to high coercivity magnetizations of normal polarity have been isolated in three plutons (White Mountains batholith, Mount Monadnock, and the Belknap Mountains; mean age ~169 Ma), but the mean pole (88.4°N, 82.1°E, A_95 = 6.1°) is not distinguishable from the geographic axis and therefore the hypothesis that the plutons have been contaminated by recent field overprints can not be rejected. However, a dual polarity, high unblocking temperature, and high coercivity magnetization isolated from the Moat volcanics (169 Ma, Rb-Sr age) was apparently acquired soon after caldera collapse and tilting, at about the time of intrusion and cooling of the Conway granite (reported ages K-Ar biotite, 168 Ma; zircon fission track, 163 Ma). The Moat volcanics pole position (78.7°N, 90.3°E, dp = 7.1°, dm = 10.2°) calculated using the mean magnetization direction of reversed polarity (the Cr component) falls at high latitude but is distinguishable from the spin axis. Moreover, published Middle Jurassic paleomagnetic poles from Gondwana (Africa, Australia, and East Antarctica) transferred to the North American reference frame also suggest a high-latitude Middle Jurassic pole position for North America, in agreement with the Moat volcanics pole. The new evidence for a Middle Jurassic loop to high latitudes in the North American apparent polar wander path conflicts by 15°-20° with some key published Jurassic reference poles (e.g., the Newark Trend N2 and the Corral Canyon poles) used to constrain current paleomagnetic Euler pole (PEP) apparent polar wander paths for the Jurassic. We suggest that a plausible explanation for the discrepancy is that the N2 and Corral Canyon magnetizations are in fact secondary and were acquired after tilting. The hypothesis that the North American apparent polar wander path ventured to high latitude in the Middle Jurassic requires further testing, however the results of this study already suggest that the path may be more complicated than that proposed by recently published PEP studies.