cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MadDM v.3.0: a Comprehensive Tool for Dark Matter Studies
Creators: name: Ambrogi, Federico
name: Arina, Chiara
name: Backovic, Mihailo
name: Heisig, Jan
name: Maltoni, Fabio
name: Mantani, Luca
name: Mattelaer, Olivier
name: Mohlabeng, Gopolang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present MadDM v.3.0, a numerical tool to compute particle dark matter observables in generic new physics models. The new version features a comprehensive and automated framework for dark matter searches at the interface of collider physics, astrophysics and cosmology and is deployed as a plugin of the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO platform, inheriting most of its features. With respect to the previous version, MadDM v.3.0 can now provide predictions for indirect dark matter signatures in astrophysical environments, such as the annihilation cross section at present time and the energy spectra of prompt photons, cosmic rays and neutrinos resulting from dark matter annihilation. MadDM indirect detection features support both $2\to2$ and $2 \to n$ dark matter annihilation processes. In addition, the ability to compare theoretical predictions with experimental constraints is extended by including the Fermi-LAT likelihood for gamma-ray constraints from dwarf spheroidal galaxies and by providing an interface with the nested sampling algorithm PyMultinNest to perform high dimensional parameter scans efficiently. We validate the code for a wide set of dark matter models by comparing the results from MadDM v.3.0 to existing tools and results in the literature.
description: 42 pages + references, 13 figures, 2 tables. Revised version matches the published version, minor changes
Age-dependent decay in the landscape
Creators: name: Winitzki, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The picture of the "multiverse" arising in diverse cosmological scenarios involves transitions between metastable vacuum states. It was pointed out by Krauss and Dent that the transition rates decrease at very late times, leading to a dependence of the transition probability between vacua on the age of each vacuum region. I investigate the implications of this non-Markovian, age-dependent decay on the global structure of the spacetime in landscape scenarios. I show that the fractal dimension of the eternally inflating domain is precisely equal to 3, instead of being slightly below 3 in scenarios with purely Markovian, age-independent decay. I develop a complete description of a non-Markovian landscape in terms of a nonlocal master equation. Using this description I demonstrate by an explicit calculation that, under some technical assumptions about the landscape, the probabilistic predictions of our position in the landscape are essentially unchanged, regardless of the measure used to extract these predictions. I briefly discuss the physical plausibility of realizing non-Markovian vacuum decay in cosmology in view of the possible decoherence of the metastable quantum state.
description: 10 pages, RevTeX4, 1 figure included. Clarification of approximation used, conclusions weakened
The Mass of the Lightest Supersymmetric Higgs Boson beyond the Leading Logarithm Approximation
Creators: name: Kodaira, Jiro
name: Yasui, Yoshiaki
name: Sasaki, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the radiative corrections to the mass of the lightest Higgs boson in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. We use the renormalization-group improved effective potential which includes the next-to-leading-order contributions. We find that, contrary to the result of Espinosa and Quirós, the higher-order corrections to the lightest Higgs boson mass are non-negligible, adding $3-11$ GeV ($3-9$ GeV) to the result in the leading logarithm approximation for the range of top quark mass $100 {\rm GeV} < m_t < 200 {\rm GeV}$ and for the supersymmetric breaking scale $M_{\rm SUSY} = 1 {\rm TeV}$ ($M_{\rm SUSY} = 10 {\rm TeV}$). Also we find that our result is stable under the change of the renormalization parameter $t$.
description: 17 pages (2 figures not included)
Spike Train Correlation in Random Walk Integrate and Fire Neurons
Creators: name: Yu, Jonathan W.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: One way to analyze how our brains function is to apply statistical models to neural data. In 1998, Shadlen and Newsome observed that a balanced random walk integrateand-fire model can model experimental data such as single-unit recordings of rhesus monkeys. Using this model, I study the spike count correlation of two neurons under varying conditions. Through simulations, I look at the relationship of spike count correlation across two neurons to firing input rate when the inputs are independent and correlated. After this step, I look at whether an oscillatory input affects synchrony, i.e., synchronous firing of two neurons in close temporal proximity. It is crucial to understand what affects synchrony as a little change in synchrony can cause huge impacts in cellular processes in the brain and in how neurons communicate with each other.
Additional file 4 of Modulation and bioinformatics screening of hepatic mRNA-lncRNAs (HML) network associated with insulin resistance in prediabetic and exercised mice
Creators: name: Kazeminasab, Fatemeh
name: Marandi, Sayed Mohammad
name: Baharlooie, Maryam
name: Nasr-Esfahani, Mohammad Hossein
name: Ghaedi, Kamran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4: Table 1. List of the mRNA and lncRNA primer sequences.
The illite and organic matter archive of the Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic tectonothermal evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula
Creators: name: Scasso, Roberto A.
name: Oriolo, Sebastián
name: Wemmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 3705
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary material 1: methods used in sample preparation, for illite XRD analysis and for illite K–Ar dating
The Demographics of Wide-Separation Planets
Creators: name: Gaudi, B. Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I begin this review by first defining what is meant by exoplanet demographics, and then motivating why we would like as broad a picture of exoplanet demographics as possible. I then outline the methodology and pitfalls to measuring exoplanet demographics in practice. I next review the methods of detecting exoplanets, focusing on the ability of these methods to detect wide separation planets. For the purposes of this review, I define wide separation as separations beyond the 'snow line' of the protoplanetary disk, which is at roughly $\sim3$ au for a sunlike star. I note that this definition is somewhat arbitrary, and the practical boundary depends on the host star mass, planet mass and radius, and detection method. I review the approximate scaling relations for the signal-to-noise ratio for the detectability of exoplanets as a function of the relevant physical parameters, including the host star properties. I provide abroad overview of what has already been learned from the transit, radial velocity, direct imaging, and microlensing methods. I outline the challenges to synthesizing the demographics using different methods and discuss some preliminary first steps in this direction. Finally, I describe future prospects for providing a nearly complete statistical census of exoplanets.
description: 69 pages, 17 Figures. Review chapter to appear in the Lecture Notes of the 3rd Advanced School on Exoplanetary Science (Editors L. Mancini, K. Biazzo, V. Bozza, A. Sozzetti)
Strong Sphalerons and Electroweak Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Giudice, G.
name: Shaposhnikov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the spontaneous baryogenesis and charge transport mechanisms suggested by Cohen, Kaplan and Nelson for baryon asymmetry generation in extended versions of electroweak theory. We find that accounting for non-perturbative chirality-breaking transitions due to strong sphalerons reduces the baryonic asymmetry by the factor $(m_t/πT)^2$ or $α_W$, provided those processes are in thermal equilibrium.
description: CERN-TH.7080/93
Social Support from Romantic Partners versus Friends as Moderators of Mortality Salience Effects
Creators: name: Laubach, Jessica L.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This study examines the differences between two types of close relationships (friends and romantic partners) in moderating responses to mortality salience. Prior research has shown that mortality salience increases worldview defense as a mechanism for managing the terror of death. It was predicted that social support from romantic partners (but not friends) would alleviate the need to defend one's worldview in response to mortality salience. Following a mortality salience or control prime, participants were given a standardized support note from their friend or romantic partner pertaining to a speech the participants believed they would have to give. Participants were then asked to rate their perceptions of the note and their partner, and rate their opinions of a pro-American and anti-American essay (as a measure of worldview defense). A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between mortality salience and source of social support for worldview defense. Following mortality salience, support from a romantic partner led to less worldview defense than support from a friend. These findings suggest that romantic partners may provide a more effective buffer against existential-anxiety than friends and is consistent with predictions derived from terror management theory.
Quantum field theory of nematic transitions in spin orbit coupled spin-1 polar bosons
Creators: name: König, E. J.
name: Pixley, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study an ultra-cold gas of spin-1 polar bosons in a one dimensional continuum which are subject to linear and quadratic Zeeman fields and a Raman induced spin-orbit coupling. Concentrating on the regime in which the background fields can be treated perturbatively we analytically solve the model in its low-energy sector, i.e. we characterize the relevant phases and the quantum phase transitions between them. Depending on the sign of the effective quadratic Zeeman field $ε$, two superfluid phases with distinct nematic order appear. In addition, we uncover a spin-disordered superfluid phase at strong coupling. We employ a combination of renormalization group calculations and duality transformations to access the nature of the phase transitions. At $ε= 0$, a line of spin-charge separated pairs of Luttinger liquids divides the two nematic phases and the transition to the spin disordered state at strong coupling is of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type. In contrast, at $ε\neq 0$, the quantum critical theory separating nematic and strong coupling spin disordered phases contains a Luttinger liquid in the charge sector that is coupled to a Majorana fermion in the spin sector (i.e. the critical theory at finite $ε$ maps to a quantum critical Ising model that is coupled to the charge Luttinger liquid). Due to an emergent Lorentz symmetry, both have the same, logarithmically diverging velocity. We discuss the experimental signatures of our findings that are relevant to ongoing experiments in ultra-cold atomic gases of $^{23}$Na.
description: 5 pages main text, 4 figures. 8 pages of supplement
“Atomic Explosion Stopped at Millionths of A Second”: Media Microtemporalities and Time Synchronisation
Creators: name: Prévost-Balga, Antoine
Publisher: name: Cinergie – Il Cinema e le altre Arti
Year: 2020
Subjects: High-Speed photography; Media Temporality; Micro-Processes; Synchronization

description: From 1945 to the early 1960s, the US government undertook numerous atomic and hydrogen bomb tests. These full-scale explosions were recorded on film from various angles, and at different speeds. Indeed, it soon became required to obtain images of the very first milli-seconds of the expanding phase of the atomic fireball. Ultrahigh-speed cameras able to produce such images were specifically developed for that purpose. This article explores the different “media-temporalities” that intersect in those images. I focus on the “micro-processes happening on a technical level that are very fast,” and more specifically the ones that go into the “Rapatronic camera” designed by Harold Edgerton (head of the US national defense contractor company EG&G) to record the atomic fireball early formation. The scientific slow-motion films and high-speed photographic images operate at the junction of the micro-scale temporality of the atomic explosions’ early phases, and the macro-scale temporality of the political and ecological implications of these explosions. I argue that these films are the objects and inscriptions of micro-temporalities, macro-history and geological times.
description: Cinergie – Il Cinema e le altre Arti, No 17 (2020)
Substrate Durability Assessment
Creators: name: Ernesto, González-Candela
name: Karl, García-Ruiz
name: Melissa, Valdés
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Artificial Ageing Processes
Banknotes
Circulation Simulation Tests
Banknote Substrates Durability

description: We present the findings from a comprehensive standardized test conducted on four distinct unprinted banknote substrates. The assessment will primarily focus on evaluating the resistance of these substrates to soiling, based on their performance after undergoing accelerated ageing tests. The accelerated ageing tests applied were aimed to reproduce as close as posible the real circulation conditions.

The project encompassed various important components, including the implementation of a gradual accelerated ageing procedure on the samples; comprehensive image analysis from image acquisition to image processing; development of a metric to quantify the level of soiling; statistical analysis of the obtained data and the establishment of a statistical model to estimate the relative mean-life of each substrate; and the interpretation of the results regarding to resistance to soiling and estimated performance in circulation.

A key to this project is the Banknote Accelerated Ageing Device (BAAD). This cutting-edge equipment together with the deterioration method employed has proven to be very effective in simulating the soiling and mechanical deterioration observed under real circulation conditions.

Overall, the results and analyses presented contribute to a better understanding of the factors influencing substrate performance and can inform decision-making processes in selecting appropriate materials for specific conditions. Another significant finding is that our method showcase the effectiveness in the formally and statistically evaluation of the artificial ageing processes of different substrates. This capability not only saves valuable time but also reduces costs associated with more labor- intensive studies.
Additional file 5 of Modulation and bioinformatics screening of hepatic mRNA-lncRNAs (HML) network associated with insulin resistance in prediabetic and exercised mice
Creators: name: Kazeminasab, Fatemeh
name: Marandi, Sayed Mohammad
name: Baharlooie, Maryam
name: Nasr-Esfahani, Mohammad Hossein
name: Ghaedi, Kamran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 5: Table 2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) data of variables displaying discrimination power for one of top lncRNAs (Gm38501) in calculation of NAFLD activity score (NAS) given as area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Small Talk
Creators: name: Berndt, James
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 200508 Other Literatures in English
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Small Talk 3 Inessential Knowledge 6 Agreement 11 On the Future 15 In the Middle of the Night 19 Scared of God 25 Rain or Shine 31 Foxholes 36 The Culinary Arts 40 Damaged Goods 45 On Punctuation 49 Catching Flies 57 Lost 62
Monte Carlo Approach to Radiative Corrections in Bhabha Scattering
Creators: name: Fujimoto, J.
name: Shimizu, Y.
name: Munehisa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new Monte Carlo model is proposed for radiative corrections to Bhabha scattering by extending QEDPS developed for multi-photon emission in muon pair production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation. This is the QED version of the model known as parton shower in QCD. The main difference between muon pair production and Bhabha scattering is that the latter cross section shows the singularity of $1/t^2$. A shower algorithm is constructed on the radiator formalism modified in a suitable form for this singularity. Some results of the model are presented and compared with $O(α)$ corrections.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures available on request KEK-CP-009,KEK Preprint 93-149
Substructure at High Speed II: The Local Escape Velocity and Milky Way Mass with Gaia DR2
Creators: name: Necib, Lina
name: Lin, Tongyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the escape velocity of the Milky Way is critical in obtaining the mass of the Milky Way, understanding the dark matter velocity distribution, and building the dark matter density profile. In Necib $\&$ Lin (2021), we introduced a strategy to robustly measure the escape velocity. Our approach takes into account the presence of kinematic substructures by modeling the tail of the stellar distribution with multiple components, including the stellar halo and the debris flow called the Gaia Sausage (Enceladus). In doing so, we can test the robustness of the escape velocity measurement for different definitions of the "tail" of the velocity distribution, and the consistency of the data with different underlying models. In this paper, we apply this method to the second data release of Gaia and find that a model with at least two components is preferred. Based on a fit with three bound components to account for the disk, relaxed halo, and the Gaia Sausage, we find the escape velocity of the Milky Way at the solar position to be $v_{\rm{esc}}= 484.6^{+17.8}_{-7.4}$ km/s. Assuming a Navarro-Frenck-White dark matter profile, and taken in conjunction with a recent measurement of the circular velocity at the solar position of $v_c = 230 \pm 10$ km/s, we find a Milky Way concentration of $c_{200} = 13.8^{+6.0}_{-4.3}$ and a mass of $M_{200} = 7.0^{+1.9}_{-1.2} \times 10^{11} M_{\odot}$, which is considerably lighter than previous measurements.
description: 10+7 pages, 7+7 figures
Quark and Gluon Degrees of Freedom in High-Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Fries, Rainer J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss some recent progress in our understanding of high energy nuclear collisions. I will focus on two topics which I was lucky to co-pioneer in the recent past. One is recombination of quarks and its interpretation as a signal for deconfinement, the second is electromagnetic radiation from jets passing through a quark gluon plasma. This talk was given during the award ceremony for the 2007 IUPAP Young Scientist Award.
description: Invited Talk at INPC 2007, Tokyo; 8 pages, 6 figures; to appear in Nucl. Phys. A
Evaluation of the One-loop Effective Action at Zero and Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Lee, Clarence L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for determining the leading quantum contributions to the effective action for both zero and finite temperatures is presented. While it is described in the context of a scalar field theory, it can be straight-forwardly extended to include fermions. An extrapolation procedure which can significantly enhance the computational efficiency is introduced. This formalism is used to investigate quantum corrections to the nucleation rate in first-order phase transitions.
description: 13 pages plus 1 figure in jyTex; CALT-68-1903
title: Correction for the Flux Measurement Bias in X-Ray Source Detection
Creators: name: Wang, QD
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: galaxies: clusters: individual (A2125); galaxies: individual (NGC 4594); methods: data analysis; methods: statistical; X-rays: galaxies; X-rays: general
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/612/1/159/
description: With a high spatial resolution imaging instrument such as the Chandra ACIS, one can confidently identify an X-ray source with only a few detected counts. The detection threshold of such sources, however, varies strongly across the field of view of the instrument. Furthermore, the low-detection counting statistics, together with a typical steep source number-flux relation, causes more intrinsically faint sources to be detected at apparently higher fluxes than the other way around. We quantify this "X-ray Eddington bias" as well as the detection threshold variation and devise simple procedures for their corrections. To illustrate our technique, we present results from our analysis of X-ray sources detected in the fields of the large-scale hierarchical complex A2125 at z = 0.247 and the nearby galaxy NGC 4594 (Sombrero). We show that the sources detected in the A2125 field, excluding 10 known complex members, have a number-flux relation consistent with the expected from foreground or background objects. In contrast, the number-flux relation of the NGC 4594 field is dominated by X-ray sources associated with the galaxy. This galactic component of the relation is well characterized by a broken power law.
A comparison between detailed and configuration-averaged collisional-radiative codes applied to non-local thermal equilibrium plasma
Creators: name: Poirier, Michel
name: de Dortan, François de Gaufridy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A collisional-radiative model describing nonlocal-thermodynamic-equilibrium plasmas is developed. It is based on the HULLAC (Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code) suite for the transitions rates, in the zero-temperature radiation field hypothesis. Two variants of the model are presented: the first one is configuration averaged, while the second one is a detailed level version. Comparisons are made between them in the case of a carbon plasma; they show that the configuration-averaged code gives correct results for an electronic temperature Te=10 eV (or higher) but fails at lower temperatures such as Te=1 eV. The validity of the configuration-averaged approximation is discussed: the intuitive criterion requiring that the average configuration-energy dispersion must be less than the electron thermal energy turns out to be a necessary but far from sufficient condition. Another condition based on the resolution of a modified rate-equation system is proposed. Its efficiency is emphasized in the case of low-temperature plasmas. Finally, it is shown that near-threshold autoionization cascade processes may induce a severe failure of the configuration-average formalism.
description: 9 p
Un grande individualista a Hollywood. Il cinema di King Vidor. Berlinale 2020. 70°Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin
Creators: name: Cattin, Cinzia
Publisher: name: Cinergie – Il Cinema e le altre Arti
Year: 2020
Subjects: King Vidor; Berlin Film Festival; Retrospective

description: Cinergie – Il Cinema e le altre Arti, No 17 (2020)
Learning to be Chinese: colonial-style boarding schools on the Tibetan plateau
Creators: name: Leibold, James
name: Dorjee, T
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390401
subject: Comparative and cross-cultural education
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems
classificationCode: 3902
subject: Education policy, sociology and philosophy

description: No description supplied.
A Poisson map from kinetic theory to hydrodnamics with non-constant entropy
Creators: name: Chong, Ching Lok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetic theory describes a dilute monatomic gas using a distribution function $f(q,p,t)$, the expected phase-space density of particles. The distribution function evolves according to the collisionless Boltzmann equation in the high Knudsen number limit. Fluid dynamics is an alternative description of the gas using hydrodynamic variables that are functions of position and time only. These hydrodynamic variables evolve according to the compressible Euler equations in the inviscid limit. Both systems are noncanonical Hamiltonian systems. Each configuration space is an infinite-dimensional Poisson manifold, and the dynamics is the flow generated by a Hamiltonian functional via a Poisson bracket. We construct a map $\mathcal{J}_1$ from the space of distribution functions to the space of hydrodynamic variables that respects the Poisson brackets on the two spaces i.e. a Poisson map. It maps the $p$-integral of the Boltzmann entropy $f\log f$ to the hydrodynamic entropy density. This map belongs to a family of Poisson maps to spaces that include generalised entropy densities as additional hydrodynamic variables. The whole family can be generated from the Taylor expansion of a further Poisson map that depends on a formal parameter. If the kinetic-theory Hamiltonian factors through the Poisson map $\mathcal{J}_1$, an exact reduction of kinetic theory to fluid dynamics is possible. This is not the case, but by ignoring the relative entropy of $f$ to its local Maxwellian, we can construct an approximate Hamiltonian that factors through the map. The resulting reduced Hamiltonian generates the compressible Euler equations. We can thus derive the compressible Euler equations as a Hamiltonian approximation to kinetic theory. We also give an analogous Hamiltonian derivation of the compressible Euler--Poisson equations with non-constant entropy, starting from the Vlasov--Poisson equation.
description: 27 pages
Dark Energy: back to Newton?
Creators: name: Calder, Lucy
name: Lahav, Ofer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark Energy is currently one of the biggest mysteries in science. In this article the origin of the concept is traced as far back as Newton and Hooke in the seventeenth century. Newton considered, along with the inverse square law, a force of attraction that varies linearly with distance. A direct link can be made between this term and Einstein's cosmological constant, Lambda, and this leads to a possible relation between Lambda and the total mass of the universe. Mach's influence on Einstein is discussed and the convoluted history of Lambda throughout the last ninety years is coherently presented.
description: 14 pages; with slight modifications to the version published in Astronomy & Geophysics journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, February 2008 issue, vol. 49, pgs. 1.13-1.18
Sixteenth Century Spanish Fiscal Mismanagement and Debtor Emperors: An Economic History Review of Spain under Charles V in 1528 and under Philip II in 1575
Creators: name: Jeon, Brian Sang Wook
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: There is a story often told about early modern Spain, one of a meteoric rise and equally resounding fall from the kingdom’s zenith of immense wealth, power, and international influence over the course of the sixteenth century. In this story, Spain’s rise to power in the sixteenth century is attributed to the wealth found in its monopolies in the Americas, which fueled massive expansion of its military might. Yet, the bold obviousness of the New World monetary windfall often prevents recognition of the fact that, by the turn of the sixteenth century, Spain was already well‐poised in the European political landscape to become the region’s most powerful nation. Moreover, Spain was equally poised for downfall long before its glory could be enjoyed.
Similar Policies, Different Outcomes: U.S. Policies toward Haiti and the Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Hamlin, Margaret
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Since gaining its independence from French rule in 1804, Haiti has constantly struggled to achieve political and economic stability and viability. On the other hand, the Dominican Republic, which shares the island of Hispaniola with Haiti as well as a similar colonial history under Spanish rule, has been able to sustain democratic governance and economic growth in recent history. The United States has long played a significant role in the economics and politics of both the Dominican Republic and Haiti, but despite similar policies, we have seen dramatically different outcomes. In this thesis, I will argue that the United States’ policies designed to promote economic development in Haiti will continue to be wholly ineffective until political stability is accomplished and basic infrastructure has been built throughout the country.
Surface plasmon-mediated nanoscale localization of laser-driven sub-THz spin dynamics in magnetic dielectrics
Creators: name: Chekhov, Alexander L.
name: Stognij, Alexander I.
name: Satoh, Takuya
name: Murzina, Tatiana V.
name: Razdolski, Ilya
name: Stupakiewicz, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast all-optical control of spins with femtosecond laser pulses is one of the hot topics at the crossroads of photonics and magnetism with a direct impact on future magnetic recording. Unveiling light-assisted recording mechanisms for an increase of the bit density beyond the diffraction limit without excessive heating of the recording medium is an open challenge. Here we show that surface plasmon-polaritons in hybrid metal-dielectric structures can provide spatial confinement of the inverse Faraday effect, mediating the excitation of localized coherent spin precession with 0.41 THz frequency. We demonstrate a two orders of magnitude enhancement of the excitation efficiency at the surface plasmon resonance within the 100 nm layer in dielectric garnet. Our findings broaden the horizons of ultrafast spin-plasmonics and open pathways towards non-thermal opto-magnetic recording at the nano-scale.
Should Division I Football and Men’s Basketball Student-Athletes be Paid?
Creators: name: Shaffer, Colin
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Division I men’s college athletics has become a mainstay in American culture. On Saturdays in the fall, people come together to watch their alma mater or a regional football powerhouse play their rival for bragging rights, generating prime marketing opportunities for beer, car, and fast food companies and millions of dollars in advertising revenue for broadcasters. Every spring, the entire country is engulfed in “March Madness” as the NCAA basketball tournament unfolds. People root for their own teams and wait with anticipation to see which mid-major team upsets a major power to become the “Cinderella Story” of the tournament. While amateur athletics emerged as a way to “enhance the educational experience of students1 ,” over time it has become a significant profit-generating venture. Universities are making millions of dollars off of their football and basketball programs, yet the student-athletes do not receive any compensation aside from free tuition and other perks (for those lucky enough to receive scholarships). Should college athletes who generate millions of dollars for their universities, for large corporations, and broadcasters, be paid? In the past few years, many journalists, lawyers, labor specialists, academics, and college athletes have begun to wrestle with this question. The goal of this thesis is to provide some historical context for this debate. This topic will give an historical viewpoint on the “pay for play” debate. It addresses the ethical compass of the NCAA as a governing body, the economics behind Division I Collegiate Football and Men’s Basketball, and the challenge universities face recruiting and retaining the best athletes. The economics behind intercollegiate athletics is the driving force behind the “pay for play” debate. This research explores the history of television contracts with particularuniversities, conferences, and the NCAA as a whole. In addition, it examines how money has challenged the ethical structure of the NCAA leading ultimately to the recent threat of unionization by college athletes, and the place of race and class in the debate over “pay for play”. Despite the recent boom in popularity on this issue, “pay for play” existed within Division I revenue generating sports (Men’s Basketball and Football) for over a century. Moreover, this history is relevant for understanding why the option of compensating these particular student-athletes is a more realistic possibility today rather than any other time since the Sanity Code. This report culminates with an in-depth discussion of possible policy changes for the NCAA to adopt, but ultimately suggesting a new, original model: The Distribution Model. This thesis will help to lay the foundation for a fair and just decision to be made on the “pay for play” argument in intercollegiate athletics.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Heterogeneous Cellular Networks With Extra Cell Range Expansion
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuhao
name: Cui, Zhiyan
name: Cui, Qimei
name: Yu, Xinlei
name: Liu, Yinjun
name: Xie, Weiliang
name: Zhao, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The split control and user plane is key to the future heterogeneous cellular network (HCN), where the small cells are dedicated for the most data transmission while the macrocells are mainly responsible for the control signaling. Adapting to this technology, we propose a general and tractable framework of extra cell range expansion (CRE) by introducing an additional bias factor to enlarge the range of small cells flexibly for the extra offloaded macrousers in a two-tier HCN, where the macrocell and small cell users have different required data rates. Using stochastic geometry, we analyze the energy efficiency (EE) of the extra CRE with joint low power transmission and resource partitioning, where the coverages of EE and data rate are formulated theoretically. Numerical simulations verify that the proposed extra CRE can improve the EE performance of HCN, and also show that deploying more small cells can provide benefits for EE coverage, but the EE improvement becomes saturated if the small cell density exceeds a threshold. Instead of establishing the detail configuration, this paper can provide some valuable insights and guidelines to the practical design of future networks, especially for the traffic offloading in HCN.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, IEEE ACCESS
Additional file 1 of A mechanistic study on the inhibition of bacterial growth and inflammation by Nerium oleander extract with comprehensive in vivo safety profile
Creators: name: Shafiq, Yousra
name: Naqvi, Syed Baqir Shyum
name: Rizwani, Ghazala H.
name: Asghar, Muhammad Arif
name: Bushra, Rabia
name: Ghayas, Sana
name: Rehman, Ahad Abdul
name: Asghar, Muhammad Asif
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. MIC and MBC of crude ethanolic flowers extract of N. oleander. Table S2. Body weight gain and relative organs weight of rats after treated with NOEE at different doses
Wiman-Valiron theory for a polynomial series based on the Wilson operator
Creators: name: Cheng, Kam Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30D10 (Primary), 30B50, 30D20, 30E05, 33C45, 39A20, 39A70 (Secondary)

description: We establish a Wiman-Valiron theory for a polynomial series based on the Wilson operator $\mathcal{D}_\mathrm{W}$. For an entire function $f$ of order smaller than $\frac13$, this theory includes (i) an estimate which shows that $f$ behaves locally like a polynomial consisting of the terms near the maximal term in its Wilson series expansion, and (ii) an estimate of $\mathcal{D}_\mathrm{W}^n f$ compared to $f$. We then apply this theory in studying the growth of entire solutions to difference equations involving the Wilson operator.
description: 36 pages
Self-Interacting Dark Matter and Small-Scale Gravitational Lenses in Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Yang, Daneng
name: Yu, Hai-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Meneghetti et al. reported an excess of small-scale gravitational lenses in galaxy clusters. We study its implications for self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), compared with standard cold dark matter (CDM). We design controlled N-body simulations that incorporate observational constraints. The presence of early-type galaxies in cluster substructures can deepen gravitational potential and reduce tidal mass loss. Both scenarios require a relatively high baryon concentration in the substructure to accommodate the lensing measurements, and their tangential caustics are similar. The SIDM substructure can experience gravothermal collapse and produce a steeper density profile than its CDM counterpart, leading to a larger radial galaxy-galaxy strong lensing cross section, although this effect is hard to observe. Our results indicate SIDM can provide a unified explanation to small-scale lenses in galaxy clusters and stellar motions in dwarf galaxies.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; minor updates on text, published version
Unitarity Constraints for Transverse Gauge Bosons at LEP and Supercolliders
Creators: name: Layssac, J.
name: Renard, F. M.
name: Gounaris, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using asymptotic helicity amplitudes for Vector-Vector, Vector-Higgs and Higgs-Higgs scattering, we establish the unitarity constraints on the $SU(2)_c$ conserving and $W_μ$ depending interactions, which at sufficiently high energies may create strong forces among the transverse vector boson and Higgs states. We then derive upper bounds for the couplings of these interactions, which depend on the high energy scale where unitarity is saturated. If \eg\, unitarity is saturated at 1TeV, then $λ_W \lsim 0.12$ is obtained. The implied relations between the present and future LEP results, and the possible observations of strong effects at supercolliders, are also discussed
description: 11 pages,postscript file of 1 figure appended at the end of the latex file (e-mail layssac@lpmsun2.lpm.univ-montp2.fr PM/93-37 THES-TP 93/11
Constant mean curvature surfaces based on fundamental quadrilaterals
Creators: name: Bobenko, Alexander I.
name: Heller, Sebastian
name: Schmitt, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe the construction of CMC surfaces with symmetries in $\mathbb S^3$ and $\mathbb R^3$ using a CMC quadrilateral in a fundamental tetrahedron of a tessellation of the space. The fundamental piece is constructed by the generalized Weierstrass representation using a geometric flow on the space of potentials.
description: 22 pages, 30 figures
Sensitivity to Purely Taxonomic Associations among Young Children
Creators: name: D'Emilia, Wyatt
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The goal of the present study was to examine an aspect of semantic development. Previous research investigated whether different types of relations between entities influence the degree to which children perceive them as similar. The purpose of the present study was to compliment this research by investigating whether the number of relations between entities influences their perceived similarity. The results showed that preschool-aged children perceive entities related along both single and multiple dimensions as more similar than unrelated entities, and entities related along multiple dimensions as more similar than those related along a single dimension. Therefore, by four years of age children are sensitive to the number of relations linking entities.
Di-pion emission in heavy quarkonia decays
Creators: name: Simonov, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The di-pion spectrum for the $Υ(nS) \to Υ(n'S))$ transition with $n\leq 4$ has the form $\frac{dw}{dq}\sim $ (phase space) $ |η-x|^2$, with $x=\frac{q^2-4m^2_π}{(ΔM)^2 -4 m^2_π}< q^2 \equiv M^2_{ππ}, $ and $ΔM=M(nS) -M(n'S)$. The parameter $η$ is calculated and the spectrum is shown to reproduce the experimental data for all 3 types of decays: $3\to 1, 2\to 1$ and $3\to 2$ with $η\approx 0.5; 0$, and -3, respectively.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures; Journal version
Bayesian multiscale deep generative model for the solution of high-dimensional inverse problems
Creators: name: Xia, Yingzhi
name: Zabaras, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Estimation of spatially-varying parameters for computationally expensive forward models governed by partial differential equations is addressed. A novel multiscale Bayesian inference approach is introduced based on deep probabilistic generative models. Such generative models provide a flexible representation by inferring on each scale a low-dimensional latent encoding while allowing hierarchical parameter generation from coarse- to fine-scales. Combining the multiscale generative model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), inference across scales is achieved enabling us to efficiently obtain posterior parameter samples at various scales. The estimation of coarse-scale parameters using a low-dimensional latent embedding captures global and notable parameter features using an inexpensive but inaccurate solver. MCMC sampling of the fine-scale parameters is enabled by utilizing the posterior information in the immediate coarser-scale. In this way, the global features are identified in the coarse-scale with inference of low-dimensional variables and inexpensive forward computation, and the local features are refined and corrected in the fine-scale. The developed method is demonstrated with two types of permeability estimation for flow in heterogeneous media. One is a Gaussian random field (GRF) with uncertain length scales, and the other is channelized permeability with the two regions defined by different GRFs. The obtained results indicate that the method allows high-dimensional parameter estimation while exhibiting stability, efficiency and accuracy.
Additional file 4 of Tamock: simulation of habitat-specific benchmark data in metagenomics
Creators: name: Gerner, Samuel M.
name: Graf, Alexandra B.
name: Rattei, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Figure 4. The total length of aligned contigs for genome bin 36 compared to the top five Bifidobacterium strains classified in theiHMP2 stool sample J00827 (Benchmark data set) are shown. The total aligned length of all contigs sums up to 1875 kbps, constituting for 89.73% genome coverage for GCF_000010425.1 (Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703). The figure is produced with MetaQUAST v5.0.2 (Mikheenko et al. 2016).