Manerebia inducta Pyrcz & Willmott 2021, n. sp.
Creators: name: Mahecha-J, Oscar
name: Florczyk, Klaudia
name: Willmott, Keith
name: Cerdeña, José
name: Zubek, Anna
name: Boyer, Pierre
name: Farfán, Jackie
name: Lachowska-Cierlik, Dorota
name: Pyrcz, Tomasz W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Manerebia
Manerebia inducta

description: Manerebia inducta Pyrcz & Willmott, n. sp.
(Figs. 2, 8, 9)
Type locality. Peru, Cajamarca, Sanctuario Nacional Tabaconas-Namballe, Lagunas Arrebiatadas
Diagnosis. This new species is distinguished from most of its congeners by the combination of two characters: a very narrow, continuous HWV white median band and an acute FW apex. Only two species of Manerebia possess the above features, M. seducta Pyrcz & Willmott, 2006, and M. apiculata (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867), but the latter is apparently highly polymorphic with individual forms having a broken HWV pale band or no band at all. Furthermore, in both species the HWV marginal line is displaced further from the hindwing margin, and in M. apiculata it is very undulate. Manerebia seducta can also be recognized from M. inducta n. sp. by possessing a minute single black ocellus with a white pupil in both FWV and HWV cell CuA1-CuA2, which is represented in M. inducta n. sp. by a tiny white dot on the FWV only, and absent in M. apiculata. The shape of the HWV white median band is also slightly different in M. inducta n. sp. and M. seducta, in the former being slightly indented basally in cell M3-M2 and tapering noticeably at the costa. Finally, the FWV of M. inducta is distinctly blackish in the basal two-thirds, with a somewhat clear transition to a paler ground colour in the posterior half of the wing, whereas in M. seducta the basal area is not so dark, and the ground colour changes more uniformly from dark to pale towards the distal margin. Further differences are found in male genitalia, in particular in the valves, such as the presence of a prominent proturberance on the ampulla of M. inducta n. sp., or its much more massive apical part, terminated by a single stout process, which is bifurcate in M. seducta. Although no molecular data are available, external and genital morphology indicate that M. seducta is the likely sister-species of M. inducta n. sp..
Description. MALE (Fig. 2C): Head: frons with a tuft of brown hair-like scales; eyes chocolate brown, naked; labial palpi two and a half times length of head, covered with medium brown hair-like scales, ventrally long, dorsally short; antennae dorsally brown with blackish clubs, ventrally chestnut. Thorax: dorsally blackish, sparsely covered with brown hair-like scales, legs orange brown, tibia and femur covered with dense medium brown scales. Wings: FW length: 17.5 mm; triangular with an acute apex, straight outer margin. HW oval with straight outer margin and smoothly rounded tornus. FWD uniform medium brown. HWD almost entirely uniform medium brown except for some orange scaling along outer margin. FWV chocolate brown with a reddish sheen in basal half, progressively turning lighter, chestnut brown from postdiscal area, and along costal margin, a series of four, faint postdiscal milky white dots from M1-M2 to CuA1-CuA2 aligned parallel to outer margin, a faint, medium brown, slightly wavy submarginal line. HWV almost uniform chestnut brown with a delicate golden sheen, with a straight, narrow transverse milky white postdiscal line with sharp outer and slightly diffuse inner margin, running from costal to anal margin, a faint, darker brown, slightly irregular submarginal line, running close to distal margin, marginal area dusted with grey. Abdomen: dorsally blackish, laterally and ventrally chestnut. Genitalia (Fig. 8A): Tegumen slender, with a slightly arched dorsum, uncus similar in length to tegumen and stout, more prominently arched with a blunt tip, gnathos half width and length of uncus, curved dorsally, sharply tipped, pedunculus short and blunt, valva stout, sharply thinning at middle with an elongated apical part sharply terminated and curved dorsally with two dorsal teeth-like processes pointing inwards, aedeagus long, thin and smooth, with a prominent “collar” at junction of anterior and posterior part. FEMALE (Fig. 2D): As described and illustrated in Pyrcz et al. (2006) as female of Manerebia seducta. In this species, sexual dimorphism is particularly slight. Genitalia (Fig. 9B): Anal papillae prominent, covered with long setae, with a strongly sclerotized basal plate, irregularly rounded anteriorly without apophysis; postvaginal lamella moderately sclerotized and forming a broad plate, with a stepped, tube-like protrusion just posterior of ostium bursae; antevaginal lamella forming two deep, rounded ‘pockets’ with thin, broad flanges dorsally on each side that curve dorsally at their inner edge and fuse anteriorly to form a rounded, inwardly directed ‘keel’ just ventral of ostium bursae; antrum very broad, tapering, strongly sclerotized ventrally; ductus seminalis origin at anterior tip of antrum; ductus bursae wide and short, opening into an oval corpus bursae, with two parallel signa in dorsal position extending over one-half of bursa length.
Molecular data. Not available.
Type material: Holotype ♂: Peru, Cajamarca, Santuario Nacional Tabaconas-Namballe, Lagunas Arrebiatadas, 05 o 14’05’’S, 79 o 17’18’’W, 3122 m, 07.x.2009, Eric Huamaní leg., MUSA, to be deposited in MUSM. Paratypes (2 ♀): 1 ♀ (Allotype of Manerebia seducta Pyrcz & Willmott, 2006): Ecuador, Loja, Km 20 Jimbura – San Andrés road, 4°42'50''S, 79°26'16''W, 3300 m, 24.ix.1997, K. Willmott leg., FLMNH; 1 ♀: Peru, Cajamarca, Santuario Nacional Tabaconas-Namballe, Lagunas Arrebiatadas, 05 o 14’05’’S, 79 o 17’18’’W, 3122 m, 07.x.2009, Eric Huamaní leg., MUSA.
Etymology. This species name is a feminine Latin adjective meaning “induced” or “exhibited”, and is an allusion to the confusion with the externally similar M. seducta.
Remarks. This new species was formerly confused with M. seducta; whose type locality is Abiseo National Park in the north-central part of the Peruvian Andes (Pyrcz et al. 2006), but the two taxa differ sufficiently externally and in genitalia to be considered as distinct species. In particular, the male of M. seducta has visible, although small, single ocelli on the FWV and HWV, while no ocelli are present in M. inducta n. sp., and the HWV submarginal line of M. seducta is much farther away from distal margin than in M. inducta n. sp. The male genitalia, although presenting several common features, differ in the morphology of the valva, in particular the grooved dorsal surface in the basal half in M. seducta, which is smooth in M. inducta n. sp., and in the apical part, which is thinner and longer in M. seducta and terminating in three prominent “teeth” (although only two are visible on the original figure in Pyrcz et al. 2006), whereas only a single “tooth” is present in M. inducta n. sp. and it is located more basally. M. inducta is found along the Peru – Ecuador border in uppermost forest and in shrubby gulleys in the paramo where there is Chusquea, flying with M. ignilineata. It is notable that the type locality of M. inducta n. sp., the Lagunas Arrebiatadas area in the Tabaconas-Namballe sanctuary, also contains another endemic Pronophilina species, Pedaliodes namballe Pyrcz & Cerdeña (Pyrcz et al. 2013). Finally, the discovery of M. inducta n. sp. is a reminder of the potential pitfalls of designating paratypes from distant geographical localities, even if the specimens appear similar, if not identical, in external morphology.
description: Published as part of Mahecha-J, Oscar, Florczyk, Klaudia, Willmott, Keith, Cerdeña, José, Zubek, Anna, Boyer, Pierre, Farfán, Jackie, Lachowska-Cierlik, Dorota & Pyrcz, Tomasz W., 2021, Solving the cryptic diversity of the genus Manerebia Staudinger in northern Peru description of new species and considerations on the biogeographical role of the Huancabamba Deflection (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Pronophilina), pp. 201-237 in Zootaxa 5072 (3) on pages 213-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5744549