cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Networks in Rural Economy: Valorising Endogenous and Exogenous Drivers of Innovation
Creators: name: Vermeire, Bert
name: Gellynck, Xavier
name: De Steur, Hans
name: Viaene, Jacques
name: Vermeire, Bert
name: Gellynck, Xavier
name: De Steur, Hans
name: Viaene, Jacques
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Industrial Organization

description: Historically, perspectives on the economic development of rural regions have been dominated by the modernization model of agriculture (van der Ploeg and Van Dijk, 1995). During the last decades this model has increasingly been abandoned in an effort to reduce the negative outcomes associated with that model, driven by the changing concerns of consumers and society in response to these outcomes (van der Ploeg, 1999, Weatherell et al., 2003). Parallel to this socioeconomic evolution the theoretical perspectives on rural development altered. Discourses about the evolution of rural development describe the succession of an exogenous, modernist model of rural development by an endogenous model and in the end leading to an integrated model of rural development, combining the best of both worlds (Lowe et al., 1999, Ray, 1999, Murdoch, 2000, Siôn, 2002, Nemes, 2005, Vázquez-Barquero, 2006). Thereby it is argued that contemporary rural development should stress “the interplay between local and external forces in the control of development processes” (Lowe et al., 1995). This integrated perspective is also reflected in policy models, aiming at the creation of the conditions under which family farming, rural landscapes and society as a whole can flourish. This was formulated at the EU-level in the Cork Declaration on Rural Development in 1996 and since then became a pillar of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (Potter and Tilzey, 2005). This will persist during the coming Rural Development programming period 2007-2013 (EC, 2005).
Gigahertz spectroscopy of hydrated polyunsaturated phospholipid membranes : an investigation of dielectric properties
Creators: name: Kurylowicz, Martin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: An experimental technique was developed to measure the complex dielectric constant for small volumes of lossy liquids between 45 MHz and 50 GHz, and from 5°C to 55°C. The study was motivated by a desire to investigate the role of water in biological materials, and to explore the relevance of dielectric properties to fundamental questions in biophysics. Bulk samples of hydrated phospholipid membranes were used as a model system in which water plays a significant role, and polyunsaturated membranes were tested in comparison with saturated and mono-unsaturated model membranes. Membranes containing DHA (22:6) were of special interest since their biological role is suggestive of interesting electric or dielectric properties. The technique proved to be effective in resolving phase transitions, the degree of hydration, the presence of macroscopic dielectric domains which are indicative of heterogenous structure, and diagnosing relaxation and conduction mechanisms.
Собственные частоты колебаний пластины на упругом основании винклеровского типа
Creators: name: Н.Г. Канев
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91301 Acoustics and Noise Control (excl. Architectural Acoustics)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Установлена простая взаимосвязь между собственными частотами колебаний пластины произвольной формы на упругом основании винклеровского типа с произвольными граничными условиями, собственными частотами колебаний этой пластины без упругого основания и жесткостью основания. На примере прямоугольной пластины с опертыми краями подробно рассмотрена задача о ее колебаниях на жестком основании. Показано, что жесткое основание в значительной степени демпфирует колебания плиты и их резонансные свойства не проявляются.
On the Effect of TSN Forwarding Mechanisms on Best-Effort Traffic
Creators: name: Maile, Lisa
name: Voitlein, Dominik
name: Arestova, Anna
name: Alshra'a, Abdullah S.
name: Hielscher, Kai-Steffen J.
name: German, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) enables the transmission of multiple traffic types within a single network. While the performance of high-priority traffic has been extensively studied in recent years, the performance of low-priority traffic varies significantly between different TSN forwarding algorithms. This paper provides an overview of existing TSN forwarding algorithms and discusses their impact on best-effort traffic. The effects are quantified through simulations of synthetic and realistic networks. The considered forwarding mechanisms are Strict Priority (SP), Asynchronous Traffic Shaper (ATS), Credit-Based Shaper (CBS), Enhanced Transmission Selection (ETS), and Time-Aware Shaper (TAS).
 The findings indicate that ATS, CBS, and ETS can significantly reduce queuing delays and queue lengths for best-effort traffic when compared to SP and TAS. This effect is enhanced when the reserved bandwidth for high priority queues - using CBS, ATS, or ETS - is reduced to the lowest possible value, within the reserved rate and latency requirements. Specifically, the simulations demonstrate that the choice of forwarding algorithm can improve the performance of low-priority traffic by up to twenty times compared to the least effective algorithm. This study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the various TSN forwarding algorithms but can also serve as guidance at networks' design time to improve the performance for all types of traffic.
description: The definitive Version of Record was published in Proceedings of the 2024 12th International Conference on Computer and Communications Management (ICCCM '24). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp. 93-102
Innovation in Traditional Food Networks
Creators: name: Gellynck, Xavier
name: Kuhne, Bianka
name: Gellynck, Xavier
name: Kuhne, Bianka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Industrial Organization

description: In an increasingly globalising market, innovation is an important strategic tool for micro, small, and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to achieve competitive advantage (Avermaete et al., 2004a; Gellynck et al., 2007; Murphy, 2002). Innovation can be defined as an ongoing process of learning, searching and exploring resulting in new products, new techniques, new forms of organization and new markets (Lundvall, 1995). Innovation is a continuous process characterised by three steps: efforts, activities and results. Efforts are all resources, such as human and financial resources, a firm is investing in activities for the development of innovations. Results are the effects of these innovation activities on tangible (e.g. growth of market share, profit) as well as less tangible aspects (e.g. firm stability, efficiency) (Gellynck et al., 2006). Consequently, the measurement of innovation competences captures also the progress in developing an innovation and not only the result, such as the successful implementation of innovation (Gellynck et al., 2007).
The environmental dependence of rapidly-quenching and rejuvenating galaxies
Creators: name: Cleland, Cressida
name: McGee, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By combining H$α$ flux measurements from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) with UV flux observations from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), we examine the environmental dependence (through central/satellite distinction) of the rapid quenching and rejuvenation of galaxies. H$α$ emissions trace the most massive stars, thereby indicating star-formation on timescales of $\sim 10$ Myr, while UV emission traces star-formation on timescales of $\sim 100$ Myr. These varying timescales are exploited to probe the most recent star-formation histories of galaxies. In this work, we define a class of transient galaxies which have UV emission typical of star-formation but negligible H$α$ emission. We find that the occurrence of these transients has a strong stellar mass dependence in both the satellite and central population. However, while at stellar masses greater than $\sim 10^{10} M_\odot$ they occur with equal frequency regardless of environmental class, at lower stellar masses they are more common in satellites only, with an excess of about 1 percentage point across all low stellar mass galaxies. These satellite transients also have a strong halo mass and group-centric radial dependence suggesting they are driven by an environmental process. Finally, we select a sample of galaxies with H$α$ emission but not UV emission which could contain short-timescale rejuvenating galaxies. These rejuvenating candidates are few in number and do not have a strong difference in their occurrence rate in centrals or satellites. These unique probes point to an environmental quenching mechanism which occurs on short timescales after the satellite has been in the group environment for a significant time - consistent with 'delayed-then-rapid' quenching.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Does Knowledge-Based Economy Speaks to Consumers? A French Case Study with Respect to Food Products
Creators: name: Giraud, Georges
name: Lebecque, Annick
name: Amblard, Corinne
name: Bord, Cecile
name: Sulmont-Rosse, Claire
name: Lefur, Yves
name: Giraud, Georges
name: Lebecque, Annick
name: Amblard, Corinne
name: Bord, Cecile
name: Sulmont-Rosse, Claire
name: Lefur, Yves
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Consumer Knowledge
subject: Clustering
subject: Wine
subject: Cheese
subject: France

description: The paradigm of knowledge-based economy states that information asymmetry between consumers and producers will be reduced thanks to information availability and dissemination through the Internet or other media channels. Conversely to this statement, some published articles shown that knowledge-based economy reinforces the information asymmetry between experts and novices among the consumers (Hogg et al., 2007; Gregan-Paxton & Roedder-John, 1997; Alba & Hutchinson, 1987). Accordingly, we will consider the non homogeneity of consumers and will try to identify and qualify the differences between several groups of respondents regarding two food items by means of a k-means clustering applied to a knowledge-oriented questionnaire.
Measurement of the Direct Photon Momentum Spectrum in Upsilon(1S), Upsilon(2S), and Upsilon(3S) Decays
Creators: name: Besson, D.
name: Collaboration, CLEO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data taken with the CLEO III detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have investigated the direct photon spectrum in the decays Upsilon(1S) -> gggamma, Upsilon(2S) -> gggamma, Upsilon}(3S) -> gggamma. The latter two of these are first measurements. Our analysis procedures differ from previous ones in the following ways: a) background estimates (primarily from pi^0 decays are based on isospin symmetry rather than a determination of the pi^0 spectrum, which permits measurement of the Upsilon(2S) and Upsilon(3S) direct photon spectra without explicit corrections for pi^0 backgrounds from, e.g., chi_bJ states, b) we estimate the branching fractions with a parametrized functional form (exponential) used for the background, c) we use the high-statistics sample of Upsilon(2S) -> pi+ pi- Upsilon(1S) to obtain a tagged-sample of Upsilon(1S) -> gamma + X events, for which there are no QED backgrounds. We determine values for the ratio of the inclusive direct photon decay rate to that of the dominant three-gluon decay Upsilon -> ggg (R_gamma=B(gggamma)/B(ggg)) to be: R_gamma(1S)=(2.70+/-0.01+/-0.13+/-0.24)%, R_gamma(2S)=(3.18+/-0.04+/-0.22+/-0.41)%, and R_gamma(3S)=(2.72+/-0.06+/-0.32+/-0.37)%, where the errors shown are statistical, systematic, and theoretical model-dependent, respectively. Given a value of Q^2, one can estimate a value for the strong coupling constant alpha_s(Q^2) from R_gamma.
description: 29 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2005/
Comments on 2D Type IIA String and Matrix Model
Creators: name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a type IIA-like string theory with RR-flux in two dimension and propose its matrix model dual. This string theory describes a Majorana fermion in the two dimensional spacetime. We also discuss its scattering amplitudes both in the world-sheet theory and in the matrix model.
description: 21 pages, Harvmac, to appear in JHEP, relation to 2d superstring constructed by D. Kutasov hep-th/9110041 is clarified
Information-Sharing and Strategy by Food Industry Firms
Creators: name: Baker, Derek
name: Hjorth Lind, Kim Martin
name: Hansen, Henning Otte
name: Baker, Derek
name: Hjorth Lind, Kim Martin
name: Hansen, Henning Otte
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Industrial Organization

description: This study investigates the strategic behaviour of food industry firms. Its two goals are to: (i) characterise strategies being employed; and (ii) identify distinct approaches to information-sharing Data from an interview-format survey of Danish food industry firms are used to characterise strategy at two levels: 11 “strategic orientations”; each of which is composed of 3-6 of a total 57 “strategic actions”. Principal components were identified and two complementary cluster analysis techniques were used to assemble clusters that are composed of firms either with distinct strategies, or sets of strategies occurring in distinct combinations. Eight clusters emerge, with reasonable procedural performance. The clusters are distinct in a surprisingly large number of ways, including their strategies for market share, pricing, approach and response to regulation, exports and use of retailers’ own-label brands. Information-sharing strategies are closely linked to both marketing strategy and regulation response/anticipation. Individual clusters identify distinct sets of behaviour regarding information-sharing up and/or down the value chain, their approach to quality and other aspects of market segmentation, targeting of export markets, and willingness to compete on price. Clusters’ distinct strategies regarding regulation featured anticipation, as opposed to several diverse means of passing on compliance costs: to buyers or to sellers. Such activities were linked to information-sharing strategies in different ways by different clusters.
Constraints on the parameters of the neutrino extension of the Standard Model
Creators: name: Gorkavenko, Volodymyr
name: Khasai, Oleksandr
name: Ruchayskiy, Oleg
name: Tsarenkova, Mariia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) are hypothetical particles proposed as a potential explanation for neutrino oscillations and the generation of the baryon asymmetry in the Universe. This paper focuses on HNLs with masses significantly above the electroweak scale. It is challenging to test for the presence of such particles directly. However, they leave behind effective interactions of Standard Model particles, leading in particular to charged lepton flavor violation (cLFV) processes. Non-observation of cLFV processes puts therefore constraints on the parameters of the HNLs. In this paper, we find the relations between the effective operators in the realistic case when neutrino masses are non-zero and the HNLs are non-degenerate. This allows us to strengthen the existing cLFV constraints on the tau-flavors from much stronger constraints on muon and electron flavors. We also link the baryon asymmetry of the Universe to the same higher-dimensional effective operators, providing complementary bounds on these parameters.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures
Multicenter solutions in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity
Creators: name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
name: Orazi, Emanuele
name: Rubiera-Garcia, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find multicenter (Majumdar-Papapetrou type) solutions of Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity coupled to electromagnetic fields governed by a Born-Infeld-like Lagrangian. We construct the general solution for an arbitrary number of centers in equilibrium and then discuss the properties of their one-particle configurations, including the existence of bounces and the regularity (geodesic completeness) of these spacetimes. Our method can be used to construct multicenter solutions in other theories of gravity.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
DanModCap: Designing a Danmaku Moderation Tool for Video-Sharing Platforms that Leverages Impact Captions with Large Language Models
Creators: name: Hu, Siying
name: Wang, Huanchen
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Wang, Piaohong
name: Lu, Zhicong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online video platforms have gained increased popularity due to their ability to support information consumption and sharing and the diverse social interactions they afford. Danmaku, a real-time commentary feature that overlays user comments on a video, has been found to improve user engagement, however, the use of Danmaku can lead to toxic behaviors and inappropriate comments. To address these issues, we propose a proactive moderation approach inspired by Impact Captions, a visual technique used in East Asian variety shows. Impact Captions combine textual content and visual elements to construct emotional and cognitive resonance. Within the context of this work, Impact Captions were used to guide viewers towards positive Danmaku-related activities and elicit more pro-social behaviors. Leveraging Impact Captions, we developed DanModCap, an moderation tool that collected and analyzed Danmaku and used it as input to large generative language models to produce Impact Captions. Our evaluation of DanModCap demonstrated that Impact Captions reduced negative antagonistic emotions, increased users' desire to share positive content, and elicited self-control in Danmaku social action to fostering proactive community maintenance behaviors. Our approach highlights the benefits of using LLM-supported content moderation methods for proactive moderation in a large-scale live content contexts.
description: Accepted by CSCW 2025
Di-jet Shape Modification in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Constantin, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results from intermediate $p_T$ (1-5 GeV/c) di-hadron azimuthal correlations induced by hadronic di-jets produced in $AuAu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV$. The near side ($Δϕ\sim 0$) has a typical single-peaked structure which broadens with the centrality of the collision. A qualitatively new phenomenon shows up in the shape of the away side ($Δϕ\simπ$): it has a symmetric, double-peaked structure in central and mid-central collisions.
description: Poster proceedings Quark Matter 2005 Conference Budapest; 4 pages, 3 figures
Enhanced Superconducting Qubit Performance Through Ammonium Fluoride Etch
Creators: name: Kopas, Cameron J.
name: Goronzy, Dominic P.
name: Pham, Thang
name: Castanedo, Carlos G. Torres
name: Cheng, Matthew
name: Cochrane, Rory
name: Nast, Patrick
name: Lachman, Ella
name: Zhelev, Nikolay Z.
name: Vallieres, Andre
name: Murthy, Akshay A.
name: Oh, Jin-su
name: Zhou, Lin
name: Kramer, Matthew J.
name: Cansizoglu, Hilal
name: Bedzyk, Michael J.
name: Dravid, Vinayak P.
name: Romanenko, Alexander
name: Grassellino, Anna
name: Mutus, Josh Y.
name: Hersam, Mark C.
name: Yadavalli, Kameshwar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of superconducting qubits is often limited by dissipation and two-level systems (TLS) losses. The dominant sources of these losses are believed to originate from amorphous materials and defects at interfaces and surfaces, likely as a result of fabrication processes or ambient exposure. Here, we explore a novel wet chemical surface treatment at the Josephson junction-substrate and the substrate-air interfaces by replacing a buffered oxide etch (BOE) cleaning process with one that uses hydrofluoric acid followed by aqueous ammonium fluoride. We show that the ammonium fluoride etch process results in a statistically significant improvement in median $\text{T}_1$ by $\sim22\%$ ($p=0.002$), and a reduction in the number of strongly-coupled TLS in the tunable frequency range. Microwave resonator measurements on samples treated with the ammonium fluoride etch prior to niobium deposition also show $\sim33\%$ lower TLS-induced loss tangent compared to the BOE treated samples. As the chemical treatment primarily modifies the Josephson junction-substrate interface and substrate-air interface, we perform targeted chemical and structural characterizations to examine materials' differences at these interfaces and identify multiple microscopic changes that could contribute to decreased TLS.
Measurement of the Inclusive Jet Cross Section using the Kt algorithm in pp-bar Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV
Creators: name: The CDF Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a measurement of the inclusive jet production cross section in pp-bar collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV using data collected with the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab in Run II (CDF II) corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 385 pb^-1. Jets are reconstructed using the kt algorithm. The measurement is carried out for jets with rapidity 0.1 < | yjet | < 0.7 and transverse momentum in the range 54 < ptjet < 700 GeV/c. The measured cross section is in good agreement with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions after the necessary non-perturbative parton-to-hadron corrections are included.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Quantum Imaging Using Spatially Entangled Photon Pairs from a Nonlinear Metasurface
Creators: name: Ma, Jinyong
name: Ren, Jinliang
name: Zhang, Jihua
name: Meng, Jiajun
name: McManus-Barrett, Caitlin
name: Crozier, Kenneth B.
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear metasurfaces with subwavelength thickness were recently established as versatile platforms for the enhanced and tailorable generation of entangled photon pairs. The small dimensions and inherent stability of integrated metasurface sources are attractive for free-space applications in quantum communications, sensing, and imaging, yet this remarkable potential remained unexplored. Here, we formulate and experimentally demonstrate the unique benefits and practical potential of nonlinear metasurfaces for quantum imaging at infrared wavelengths, facilitating an efficient protocol combining ghost and all-optical scanning imaging. The metasurface incorporates a subwavelength-scale silica metagrating on a lithium niobate thin film. Its distinguishing feature is the capability to all-optically scan the photon emission angle in the direction across the grating simply by tuning the pump beam wavelength. Simultaneously, the photon emission is broad and anti-correlated along the grating direction, allowing for ghost imaging. Thereby, we reconstruct the images of 2D objects using just a 1D detector array in the idler path and a bucket detector in the signal path, by recording the dependencies of photon coincidences on the pump wavelength. Our results reveal new possibilities for quantum imaging with ultra-large field of view and improved imaging resolution as compared to photon pairs from conventional bulky crystals. The demonstrated concept can be extended to multi-wavelength operation and other applications such as quantum object tracking, paving the way for advancements in quantum technologies using ultra-compact nanostructured metasurfaces.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Agricultural Inter-Sectoral Linkages and Its Contribution to Economic Growth in the Transition Countries
Creators: name: Subramaniam, Vijay
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Subramaniam, Vijay
name: Reed, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Transition economy
subject: Inter-sectoral growth linkages
subject: Cointegration analysis

description: This study estimates an econometric model that incorporates the linkages among agriculture, manufacturing, service and trade sectors using a vector error correction model for Poland and Romania. Three cointegrating vectors for Poland and one for Romania confirm that the different sectors in the Poland and Romania moved together over the sample period, and for this reason, their growth rates are interdependent. The long-run relationship of industrial, service and trade sectors to agricultural sector were established, and the results show that the industrial sector in Poland contributes positively to the agricultural sector while the growing service sector shows mixed results. The results of Romania indicate that the industrial sector is detrimental to agriculture however, the service sector contributes positively. The short-run results show that the service sector is the most significant sector in the Polish economy and it contributes positively to all other sectors. However, growth in the industrial sector affects the other two sectors negatively. A similar effect is observed in the Romanian economy; however, the results are not significant. As expected, the role of agriculture in the short-run is not significant to the other sectors, but it made a positive impact on the industrial sector in Romania.
Comment on soft-pion emission in DVCS
Creators: name: Birse, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The soft-pion theorem for pion production in deeply virtual Compton scattering, derived by Guichon, Mosse and Vanderhaegen, is shown to be consistent with chiral perturbation theory. Chiral symmetry requires that the nonsinglet operators corresponding to spin-independent and spin-dependent parton distributions have the same anomalous dimensions in cases where those operators are related by chiral transformations. In chiral perturbation theory, their scale-dependences can thus be absorbed in the coefficents of the corresponding effective operators, without affecting their chiral structures.
description: 2 pages, RevTeX
The large-scale footprint in small-scale Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence
Creators: name: Berghout, Pieter
name: Baars, Woutijn Johannes
name: Krug, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulent convection systems are known to give rise to prominent large scale circulation. At the same time, the `background' (or `small-scale') turbulence is also highly relevant and e.g. carries the majority of the heat transport in the bulk of the flow. Here, we investigate how the small-scale turbulence is interlinked with the large-scale flow organization of Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Our results are based on a numerical simulation at Rayleigh number $Ra = 10^8$ in a large aspect ratio ($Γ=32$) cell to ensure a distinct scale separation. We extract local magnitudes and wavenumbers of small scale turbulence and find significant correlation of large scale variations in these quantities with the large-scale signal. Most notably, we find stronger temperature fluctuations and increased small scale transport (on the order of $10\%$ of the global Nusselt number $Nu$) in plume impacting regions and opposite trends in the plume emitting counterparts. This concerns wall distances up to $2δ_θ$ (thermal boundary layer thickness). Local wavenumbers are generally found to be higher on the plume emitting side compared to the impacting one. A second independent approach by means of conditional averages confirmed these findings and yields additional insight into the large-scale variation of small-scale properties. Our results have implications for modelling small-scale turbulence.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, accepted at the Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Towards nuclear magnetic resonance cross-polarization of an organic monolayer from optically pumped indium phosphide
Creators: name: Grinder, Matthew Orion
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Transferring a very large nuclear polarization from an optically pumped semi-conductor to an organic overlayer is a potentially exciting solid state NMR technique. Large polarization of nuclei can be generated in ³¹P by irradiation of InP with circularly polarized light near the bandgap energy at low temperatures. This nuclear spin polarization should then be transferable to an organic overlayer, provided atoms in the layer are coupled to the surface ³¹P nuclear spins. In this way, it should be possible to observe the NMR signal from the layer, even though there are few nuclei in the organic layer. A probe was custom built for this purpose and its properties tested. The effects of laser irradiation on polarization were observed with several samples of differently doped InP. A monolayer of octadecanethiol (thiol) was bonded to the surface of InP, and XPS was used to check the surface coverage of the thiol and characterize the effects of various chemical etches. Observation of the thiol hydrogen atoms under optical pumping conditions was attempted, with no success.
Звукозащитные свойства винтовой вставки в воздуховодах вентиляции
Creators: name: В.Л. Мурзинов
name: П.В. Мурзинов
name: Ю.В. Мурзинов
name: С.С. Халяпина
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91301 Acoustics and Noise Control (excl. Architectural Acoustics)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: В статье рассматривается задача оценки эффективности подавления аэродинамического шума винтовой вставкой в воздуховод вентиляции. Механические вентиляционные системы получили широкое распространение для обеспечения санитарно-гигиенических или технических потребностей во многих областях промышленности, бытовых условиях, местах пребывания большого числа людей. Однако механические вентиляционные системы имеют негативную сторону, они создают шум, который распространяется по вентиляционным каналам и может стать причиной ухудшения нормальных условий труда и отдыха. Доля аэродинамического шума существенно преобладает над структурным шумом. Поэтому подавление аэродинамической составляющей шума вентиляционных систем является актуальной задачей. Существуют различные средства снижения шума потоков в воздуховодах. В статье рассмотрены методы и конструкции, обеспечивающие снижение аэродинамического шума и показаны различные конструктивные решения, начиная от конструкций, представленных в нормативных документах и кончая оригинальными современными разработками. Отмечена эффективность применения в воздуховодах спиральных вставок в виде геликоидов. Применение геликоидов практически не увеличивает гидродинамического сопротивления воздуховодов. Использование звукопоглощающих материалов для облицовки воздуховодов и изготовления геликоидов, позволило получить синергетический эффект совместного подавления ими аэродинамического шума, в результате чего, получилось значительное снижение аэродинамического шума в диапазоне средних и высоких частот.
Counterfactual Explanations with Probabilistic Guarantees on their Robustness to Model Change
Creators: name: Stępka, Ignacy
name: Lango, Mateusz
name: Stefanowski, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) guide users on how to adjust inputs to machine learning models to achieve desired outputs. While existing research primarily addresses static scenarios, real-world applications often involve data or model changes, potentially invalidating previously generated CFEs and rendering user-induced input changes ineffective. Current methods addressing this issue often support only specific models or change types, require extensive hyperparameter tuning, or fail to provide probabilistic guarantees on CFE robustness to model changes. This paper proposes a novel approach for generating CFEs that provides probabilistic guarantees for any model and change type, while offering interpretable and easy-to-select hyperparameters. We establish a theoretical framework for probabilistically defining robustness to model change and demonstrate how our BetaRCE method directly stems from it. BetaRCE is a post-hoc method applied alongside a chosen base CFE generation method to enhance the quality of the explanation beyond robustness. It facilitates a transition from the base explanation to a more robust one with user-adjusted probability bounds. Through experimental comparisons with baselines, we show that BetaRCE yields robust, most plausible, and closest to baseline counterfactual explanations.
description: Accepted at 31st SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining 2025
Examining the validity of the two-dimensional conical model to describe the three-dimensional ZrTe5
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Xiang
name: Li, Fuxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the low-energy excitation state in three-dimensional layered compound ZrTe5 remains a challenging problem in the study of novel topological materials. Recently, a two-dimensional conical model was proposed to explain the experimental optical spectroscopy in the 3D ZrTe5, Martino et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 217402 (2019)]. Motivated by this work, in this paper, we perform a systematic theoretical study on the optical conductivity of this model in both cases without and with an external magnetic field to further demonstrate the validity of this model and to recover new physics.We find that there exist completely different characteristics for optical conductivity along different directions, due to anisotropic low-energy excitations in this two-dimensional conical model. Specifically, for the interband optical conductivity, we find asymptotic dependence on the optical frequency as Re(σ_x)\simω^{1/2} and Re(σ_z)\simω^{3/2}, which are universal both in the gapped insulator phase and Weyl semimetal phase. For the magneto-optical conductivity, on the contrary, Re(σ^B_{x/z}) shows distinct signatures in the gapped insulator phase and Weyl semimetal phase, which can help distinguish the two phases. Our results, to be verified in future experiments, could provide more insights into the understanding of the topological nature of ZrTe5.
description: Phys.Rev.B 101, 195201 (2020)
The K-band intensity profile of R Leonis probed by VLTI/VINCI
Creators: name: Fedele, D.
name: Wittkowski, M.
name: Paresce, F.
name: Scholz, M.
name: Wood, P. R.
name: Ciroi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared K-band interferometric measurements of the Mira star R Leonis obtained in April 2001 and January 2002 with the VLTI, the commissioning instrument VINCI, and the two test siderostats. These epochs correspond to near-maximum stellar variability phases $\sim$ 0.08 and $\sim$ 1.02 (one cycle later), respectively. The April 2001 data cover a range of spatial frequencies (31--35 cycles/arcsecond) within the first lobe of the visibility function. These measurements indicate a center-to-limb intensity variation (CLV) that is clearly different from a uniform disk (UD) intensity profile. We show that these measured visibility values are consistent with predictions from recent self-excited dynamic Mira model atmospheres that include molecular shells close to continuum-forming layers. We derive high-precision Rosseland diameters of 28.5 +/- 0.4 mas and 26.2 +/- 0.8 mas for the April 2001 and January 2002 data, respectively. Together with literature estimates of the distance and the bolometric flux, these values correspond to linear radii of 350^{+50}_{-40}R$_\odot$ and 320^{+50}_{-40}R$_\odot$, and to effective temperatures of 2930 +/- 270K and 3080 +/- 310K, respectively.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
"ATLAS_diphoton_7TeV_NPC.root" of "Measurement of isolated-photon pair production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2016

description: Non-perturbative corrections as ROOT file
description: CERN-LHC. Measurement of the production cross section of events with two isolated photons in the final state, in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The full data set collected in 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb^-1, is used. The amount of background, from hadronic jets and isolated electrons, is estimated with data-driven techniques and subtracted. The total cross section, for two isolated photons with transverse energies above 25 GeV and 22 GeV respectively, in the acceptance of the electromagnetic calorimeter (|eta| < 1.37 and 1.52 < |eta| < 2.37) and with an angular separation Delta(R) > 0.4, is 44.0 +3.2,-4.2 pb. The differential cross sections as a function of the di-photon invariant mass, transverse momentum, azimuthal separation, and cosine of the polar angle of the largest transverse energy photon in the Collins-Soper di-photon rest frame are also measured. NOTE: The cross section values reported in the table should be multiplied by a factor of 1.0141 to take into account the updated value of the integrated luminosity for the ATLAS 2011 data taking period. A relative uncertainty of 3.5% should be subtracted (in quadrature) from the total uncertainty to take into account the reduced value of the integrated luminosity uncertainty (1.8%) compared to the preliminary one used in the publication (3.9%). See Eur.Phys.J. C73 (2013) 2518 for more details. UPDATE 22 April 2016: Two files have been attached to document publicly the non-perturbative corrections used in the publication to compare the measurement to parton-level calculations.
Preserving Privacy in Large Language Models: A Survey on Current Threats and Solutions
Creators: name: Miranda, Michele
name: Ruzzetti, Elena Sofia
name: Santilli, Andrea
name: Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo
name: Bratières, Sébastien
name: Rodolà, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, finding applications across various domains. However, their reliance on massive internet-sourced datasets for training brings notable privacy issues, which are exacerbated in critical domains (e.g., healthcare). Moreover, certain application-specific scenarios may require fine-tuning these models on private data. This survey critically examines the privacy threats associated with LLMs, emphasizing the potential for these models to memorize and inadvertently reveal sensitive information. We explore current threats by reviewing privacy attacks on LLMs and propose comprehensive solutions for integrating privacy mechanisms throughout the entire learning pipeline. These solutions range from anonymizing training datasets to implementing differential privacy during training or inference and machine unlearning after training. Our comprehensive review of existing literature highlights ongoing challenges, available tools, and future directions for preserving privacy in LLMs. This work aims to guide the development of more secure and trustworthy AI systems by providing a thorough understanding of privacy preservation methods and their effectiveness in mitigating risks.
description: Published in Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR) https://openreview.net/forum?id=Ss9MTTN7OL
unmodified images+alignment_Pseudoligniera verrucosa
Creators: name: Hittorf, Michaela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60307 Host-Parasite Interactions
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: 60504 Microbial Ecology

description: unmodified pictures and the alignment used for 18S phylogeny in the paper "Revised Taxonomy and Expanded Biodiversity of the Phytomyxea (Rhizaria, Endomyxa)
Charmless decays B->pipi, piK and KK in broken SU(3)symmetry
Creators: name: Wu, Yue-Liang
name: Zhou, Yu-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charmless B decay modes $B \to ππ, πK$ and $KK$ aresystematically investigated with and without flavor SU(3) symmetry. Independent analyses on $ππ$ and $πK$ modes both favor a large ratio between color-suppressed tree ($C$) and tree ($T)$ diagram, which suggests that they are more likely to originate from long distance effects. The sizes of QCD penguin diagrams extracted individually from $ππ$, $πK$ and $KK$ modes are found to follow a pattern of SU(3) breaking in agreement with the naive factorization estimates. Global fits to these modes are done under various scenarios of SU(3)relations. The results show good determinations of weak phase $γ$ in consistency with the Standard Model (SM), but a large electro-weak penguin $(P_{\tmop{EW}})$ relative to $T + C$ with a large relative strong phase are favored, which requires an big enhancement of color suppressed electro-weak penguin ($P_{\tmop{EW}}^C$) compatible in size but destructively interfering with $P_{\tmop{EW}}$ within the SM, or implies new physics. Possibility of sizable contributions from nonfactorizable diagrams such as $W$-exchange ($E$), annihilation($A$) and penguin-annihilation diagrams($P_A$) are investigated. The implications to the branching ratios and CP violations in $K K$modes are discussed.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, reference added, to appear in Phy.Rev.D
$f(R)$ gravity and Tsallis holographic dark energy
Creators: name: Ens, P. S.
name: Santos, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $f(R)$ gravity theory is considered. It is a gravitational theory that generalizes the Einstein-Hilbert action. In this context, a holographic dark energy model is studied. Tsallis non-extensive entropy is used to introduce the dark energy density based on the holographic principle. Then the Friedmann equation, deceleration parameter, and equation of state for this model are investigated.
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication in EPL
I. I. Slavin the forgotten Russian acoustician who defined in 1956 the noise levels limits for workplaces the first in world practice
Creators: name: W.A. Montano
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91301 Acoustics and Noise Control (excl. Architectural Acoustics)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Ilya Ilyich Slavin was an important Russian acoustician in 1949-1959 decade; he defended his Thesis in 1940 and during the war he worked as a senior researcher at the Acoustics Laboratory of the Physics Institute named after P.I. Lebedev Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1948 he returned to Acoustics Laboratory of the Leningrad Institute of Labor Protection of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (LIOT), where he developed his career and became an outstanding specialist in the field of noise control. This article presents Slavin's most influential work, he is the one which developed and scientifically substantiated the noise limits for workplaces, and he outlined the first noise level references curves in different frequency intervals that in February 1956 the USSR have legally introduced them. Slavin presented at XII International Congress of Occupational Health (Helsinki, 1957), that normative and later in 1959, his work became worldwide known.
Audio-visual cross-modality knowledge transfer for machine learning-based in-situ monitoring in laser additive manufacturing
Creators: name: Xie, Jiarui
name: Safdar, Mutahar
name: Chen, Lequn
name: Moon, Seung Ki
name: Zhao, Yaoyao Fiona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Various machine learning (ML)-based in-situ monitoring systems have been developed to detect anomalies and defects in laser additive manufacturing (LAM) processes. While multimodal fusion, which integrates data from visual, audio, and other modalities, can improve monitoring performance, it also increases hardware, computational, and operational costs. This paper introduces a cross-modality knowledge transfer (CMKT) methodology for LAM in-situ monitoring, which transfers knowledge from a source modality to a target modality. CMKT enhances the representativeness of the features extracted from the target modality, allowing the removal of source modality sensors during prediction. This paper proposes three CMKT methods: semantic alignment, fully supervised mapping, and semi-supervised mapping. The semantic alignment method establishes a shared encoded space between modalities to facilitate knowledge transfer. It employs a semantic alignment loss to align the distributions of identical groups (e.g., visual and audio defective groups) and a separation loss to distinguish different groups (e.g., visual defective and audio defect-free groups). The two mapping methods transfer knowledge by deriving features from one modality to another using fully supervised and semi-supervised learning approaches. In a case study for LAM in-situ defect detection, the proposed CMKT methods were compared with multimodal audio-visual fusion. The semantic alignment method achieved an accuracy of 98.6% while removing the audio modality during the prediction phase, which is comparable to the 98.2% accuracy obtained through multimodal fusion. Using explainable artificial intelligence, we discovered that semantic alignment CMKT can extract more representative features while reducing noise by leveraging the inherent correlations between modalities.
description: 47 pages, 19 figures, 6 tables