cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Joint Euler-Lagrange Method for Moving Surfaces in Large-Eddy Simulation
Creators: name: Wysocki, Stefan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Continuous growth of computing power strongly encourages engineers to rely more on computational fluid dynamics for the design and testing of new technological solutions. The fast development of these new tools goes along with the increasing availability of high-performance computers, which are necessary to simulate realistic industrial applications. The presented immersed boundary (IB) method is applicable to simple and complex geometries with static and moving boundaries, where fluids interact with the solid structures. The formulation of the method is based on the Eulerian and Lagrangian principles and its key characteristics are its simple formulation and computational efficiency. Furthermore the nature of the method allows the simulations of flows in complex geometries without having to generate complex meshes. The spatial discretization is based on a fixed Cartesian mesh for the Eulerian variables and boundary movements are tracked with Lagrangian particles. Large- Eddy simulations of flows in simple and complex geometries demonstrate the performance of the applied immersed boundary method. Simple cases include the simulation of an isothermal pipe flow and the flow around a sphere. In the first instance, the fluid flows around a static sphere. In the second case the sphere moves relative to the grid for identical flow conditions. Simulations of complex geometries include the investigation of an isothermal and reactive opposed jet flow with perforated and fractal grids. The simulations require cell sizes near the resolution of direct numerical simulations. The injection phase of a piston-cylinder arrangement, assuming constant pressure, is also investigated with the proposed IB method. Good statistical results for first and second moments are achieved for all investigated cases, although the applied grids have to be fine enough to accurately resolve the wall shear stresses. In addition, the concept of using Lagrangian particles has been applied to immiscible flows. Particles are used to improve the accuracy of scalar transport and initial results of simple, two-dimensional test cases are presented.
Back-Reaction and Complementarity in 1+1 Dilaton Gravity
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Verlinde, Herman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study radiation from black holes in the effective theory produced by integrating gravity and the dilaton out of $1+1$ dilaton gravity. The semiclassical wavefunctions for the dressed particles show that the self-interactions produce an unusual renormalization of the frequencies of outgoing states. Modes propagating in the dynamical background of an incoming quantum state are seen to acquire large scattering phases that nevertheless conspire, in the absence of self-interactions, to preserve the thermality of the Hawking radiation. However, the in-out scattering matrix does not commute with the self-interactions and this could lead to observable corrections to the final state. Finally, our calculations explicitly display the limited validity of the semiclassical theory of Hawking radiation and provide support for a formulation of black hole complementarity.
description: LaTeX, 37 pages, 6 PostScript figures. (Reference added - version to appear in Nuclear Physics B.)
Formica Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Formica

description: Formica [gen. nov.]
Squamula erecta thoraci abdominique interjecta.
Aculeus Feminis & Neutris reconditus.
Alae Maribus & Feminis; sed Neutris nullae.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 579, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Oral history interview with Peter Wojtul 1974
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Executives
Sales management
Marketing--Management
Consolidation and merger of corporations
Personnel management

description: Early timekeeping, cashier work; job cost system development, standardized accounting systems; time studies, incentives and productivity ratings; effects of Robinson-Patman Act; Campbell Soup contract; World War II tin restrictions, government contracts, wartime materials allocations; central production planning; beer can line expansion, industrial engineering, bar chart system, sales training, incentive system, merit rating; diversification; acquisitions and Gair merger.
Holographic Renormalization Group with Fermions and Form Fields
Creators: name: Kalkkinen, Jussi
name: Martelli, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the Holographic Renormalization Group equations for the holographic duals of generic gravity theories coupled to form fields and spin-1/2 fermions. Using Hamilton-Jacobi theory we discuss the structure of Ward identities, anomalies, and the recursive equations for determining the divergent terms of the generating functional. In particular, the Ward identity associated to diffeomorphism invariance contains an anomalous contribution that, however, can be solved either by a suitable counter term or by imposing a condition on the boundary fields. Consistency conditions for the existence of the dual arise, if one requires that a Callan-Symanzik type equation follows from the Hamiltonian constraint. Under mild assumptions we are able to find a class of solutions to the constraint equations. The structure of the fermionic phase space and constraints is treated extensively for any dimension and signature.
description: 37 pages, LaTeX; v2: Minor changes, references added; v3: End of Sec. 5 and the Appendix C removed. Final version published in Nuclear Physics B
Supersymmetric Sigma Models on Toric Varieties: A Test Case
Creators: name: Bourdeau, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we study supersymmetric sigma models on toric varieties. These manifolds are generalizations of CP^n manifolds. We examine here sigma models, viewed as gauged linear sigma models, on one of the simplest such manifold, the blow-up of P^2_(2,1,1), and determine their properties using the techniques of topological- antitopological fusion. We find that the model contains solitons which become massless at the singular point of the theory where a gauge symmetry remains unbroken.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX
Tachyon condensation in the D0/D4 system
Creators: name: David, Justin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The D0/D4 system with a Neveu-Schwarz B-field in the spatial directions of the D4-brane has a tachyon in the spectrum of the (0,4) strings. The tachyon signals the instability of the system to form a bound state of the D0-brane with the D4-brane. We use the Wess-Zumino-Witten like open superstring field theory formulated by Berkovits to study the tachyon potential for this system. The tachyon potential lies outside the universality class of the D-brane anti-D-brane system. It is a function of the B-field. We calculate the tachyon potential at the zeroth level approximation. The minimum of the tachyon potential in this case is expected to reproduce the mass defect involved in the formation of the D0/D4 bound state. We compare the minimum of the tachyon potential with the mass defect in three cases. For small values of the B-field we obtain 70% of the expected mass defect. For large values of the B-field with Pf$(2πα' B) >0$ the potential reduces to that of the D-brane anti-D-brane reproducing 62% of the expected mass defect. For large values of the B-field with Pf$(2πα' B) <0$ the minimum of the tachyon potential gives 25% of the expected mass defect. At the tachyon condensate we show that the (0,4) strings decouple from the low energy dynamics.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, uses JHEP.cls
Oral history interview with Peter Zimroth 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Lawyers

description: Reminiscences of the Edward I. Koch [Koch] administration: major legal issues while serving as corporation counsel under Koch, 1986-1989: campaign finance reform law of 1987; charter revision; elimination of the Board of Estimate; dispute over census figures with the Federal government; Koch's diverse judicial appointment; Feerick Commission investigation of patronage of City Hall; affirmative action; free needles; discrimination against women in private clubs, homosexuals by landlords; personal attributes, leadership qualities of Koch; roles, responsibilities and ethics as attorney, corporation counsel.
Primordial magnetic field and spectral distortion of cosmic background radiation
Creators: name: Puy, Denis
name: Peter, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role played by a primordial magnetic field during the pre-recombination epoch is analysed through the cyclotron radiation (due to the free electrons) it might produce in the primordial plasma. We discuss the constraint implied by the measurement or lack thereof COBE on this primordial field.
description: to appear in International Journal of Mod. Phys
ABILITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF KARATE ATHLETES IN INTENSE SPORTS ACTIVITIES BASED ON GENDER
Creators: name: Padli
name: Yanuar Kiram
name: Jeki Haryanto
name: Rully Effendi
name: Rudyanto
name: Syahril Bais
name: Muhammad Mursalim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Physical Condition, VO2max, Karate, Gender.

description: Abstract

An athlete's strategy to obtain optimal performance must be to have good physical condition. It is very effective if there is no difference in the physical condition of male and female athletes, so that there is no gap in performance between male and female athletes. VO2max is the maximum amount of oxygen that the body can use in 1 minute when the muscles do a lot of exercise and VO2max can provide general ability results in assessing a person's intense physical ability in carrying out intense sports activities. This research aims to determine the abilities and differences in physical conditions of male karate athletes and female karate athletes in intense sports activities. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method. Physical condition data was obtained from VO2max results, then analyzed statistically using the T-Test involving 20 Padang City karate athletes, 10 men and 10 women. The results of our research findings showed that the average physical condition of male karate athletes (47.06) was in the good classification and the average physical condition of female karate athletes (38.36) was also in the good classification. Based on these results, it was found that the physical condition of male karate athletes was better than the physical condition of female karate athletes, seen from the average male athletes being taller with an average difference of 8.7 from female athletes. Strengthened by statistical results, there are differences in the physical condition of male and female athletes in intense sports activities with (p<0.005). Therefore, instructors, coaches and practitioners should focus more on training that can improve physical condition in order to obtain optimal performance results and the physical condition of athletes, both male and female, so that there is no gap in achievement.
Statistical theory of phenotype abundance distributions: a test through exact enumeration of genotype spaces
Creators: name: García-Martín, Juan Antonio
name: Catalán, Pablo
name: Manrubia, Susanna
name: Cuesta, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolutionary dynamics of molecular populations are strongly dependent on the structure of genotype spaces. The map between genotype and phenotype determines how easily genotype spaces can be navigated and the accessibility of evolutionary innovations. In particular, the size of neutral networks corresponding to specific phenotypes and its statistical counterpart, the distribution of phenotype abundance, have been studied through multiple computationally tractable genotype-phenotype maps. In this work, we test a theory that predicts the abundance of a phenotype and the corresponding asymptotic distribution (given the compositional variability of its genotypes) through the exact enumeration of several GP maps. Our theory predicts with high accuracy phenotype abundance, and our results show that, in navigable genotype spaces ---characterised by the presence of large neutral networks---, phenotype abundance converges to a log-normal distribution.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 4 appendixes, uses epl2.cls
Generalised Geometry of Supergravity
Creators: name: Strickland, Charles
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: We reformulate type II supergravity and dimensional restrictions of eleven-dimensional supergravity as generalised geometrical analogues of Einstein gravity. The bosonic symmetries are generated by generalised vectors, while the bosonic fields are unified into a generalised metric. The generalised tangent space features a natural action of the relevant (continuous) duality group. Also, the analogues of orthonormal frames for the generalised metric are related by the well-known enhanced local symmetry groups, which provide the analogue of the local Lorentz symmetry in general relativity. Generalised connections and torsion feature prominently in the construction, and we show that the analogue of the Levi-Civita connection is not uniquely determined by metric compatibility and vanishing torsion. However, connections of this type can be used to extract the derivative operators which appear in the supergravity equations, and the undetermined pieces of the connection cancel out from these, leaving the required unique expressions. We find that the bosonic action and equations of motion can be interpreted as generalised curvatures, while the derivative operators appearing in the supersymmetry variations and equations of motion for the fermions become very simple expressions in terms of the generalised connection. In the final chapter, the construction is used to reformulate supersymmetric flux backgrounds as torsion-free generalised G-structures. This is the direct analogue of the special holonomy condition which arises for supersymmetric backgrounds without flux in ordinary Riemannian geometry.
Fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy and imaging of FRET probes for the study of cell signalling
Creators: name: Laine, Romain
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: This thesis presents the development and application of fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy and imaging to the readout of cellular processes using Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET). For quantitative solution-based studies, a multidimensional fluorometer was refined and applied to characterise two genetically encoded calcium FRET biosensors based on Troponin-C, including a fluorescence lifetime-resolved titration study leading to a quantitative calibration of their calcium response. A study of their time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy was also undertaken to explore the potential to probe molecular conformational changes. For the study of signalling processes in live cells, a novel optically sectioning FLIM microscope was developed to provide multiplexed fluorescence lifetime readouts of different FRET probes in order to facilitate the observation of different components of biological signalling networks by realising FLIM interleaved in different spectral channels. This PhD project was motivated to study the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cascade, which has a central role in the regulation of the energy level in mammalian cells and is now being studied as a potential drug target for type II diabetes. One pathway leading to activation of AMPK is triggered by an increase in intracellular calcium level leading to activation of calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ), an upstream activator of AMPK. This was investigated through a novel inter-molecular FRET system looking at the direct interaction of AMPK and CaMKKβ. The ultimate goal was to multiplex readouts of AMPK activation and intracellular calcium levels, for which new FRET biosensors are required. To this end, work was also undertaken for the design and production of novel FRET sensors in the red part of the spectrum, which are desirable for multiplexing with the common CFP/YFP–based FRET probes and also for use in in vivo imaging applications.
RF plugging of multi-mirror machines
Creators: name: Miller, Tal
name: Be'ery, Ilan
name: Gudinetsky, Eli
name: Barth, Ido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main challenges of fusion reactors based on magnetic mirrors is the axial particle loss through the loss cones. In multi-mirror (MM) systems, the particle loss is addressed by adding mirror cells on each end of the central fusion cell. Coulomb collisions in the MM sections serve as the retrapping mechanism for the escaping particles. Unfortunately, the confinement time in this system only scales linearly with the number of cells in the MM sections and requires an unreasonably large number of cells to satisfy the Lawson criterion. Here, it is suggested to reduce the outflow by applying a traveling RF electric field that mainly targets the particles in the outgoing loss cone. The Doppler shift compensates for the detuning of the RF frequency from the ion cyclotron resonance mainly for the escaping particles resulting in a selectivity effect. The transition rates between the different phase space populations are quantified via single-particle calculations and then incorporated into a semi-kinetic rate equations model for the MM system, including the RF effect. It is found that for optimized parameters, the confinement time can scale exponentially with the number of MM cells, orders of magnitude better than a similar MM system of the same length but without the RF plugging, and can satisfy the Lawson criterion for a reasonable system size.
Development of novel low pH Magnesium Silicate Hydrate (M-S-H) cement systems for encapsulation of problematic nuclear wastes
Creators: name: Zhang, Tingting
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: There are more than 100,000 tonnes of nuclear waste currently stored in the UK, waiting for final disposal. Composite cements consisting of Portland cement (PC) and blast furnace slag (BFS) have a good track record in encapsulation of a range of nuclear wastes. However, the pH of this system is relatively high (~13.3) for encapsulating wastes that containing trace levels of aluminium, as this can react under high pH conditions. The aim of this research was to develop novel cement systems with lower pH (~10) for encapsulating wastes containing aluminium metal and Magnox swarf. The hydration of magnesium oxide to form brucite produces a pH around 10 and this is a favourable pH for aluminium passivation. A range of reactive fillers were investigated and silica fume (SF) found to be the most suitable to achieve the desired pH. Identification of the hydrated phases in MgO/SF samples showed that magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) gel is the main hydration product. Brucite (Mg(OH)2) also forms in the early stages of hydration but then reacts with SF to produce additional M-S-H gel. The system has been improved by addition of sodium hexameta-phosphate (Na-HMP) as a dispersant, magnesium carbonate to control the early pH and sand to minimise the drying shrinkage. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the improved MgO/ SF system have been investigated and compared with the control PC/BFS system. Magnox swarf and aluminium 1050 (Al) supplied by National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) were used as metal wastes. These metals were encapsulated in the control PC/ BFS system and the optimised MgO/ SF system. The interaction between the metals and the two cement systems has been investigated by monitoring H2 generation, studying the microstructure by SEM and the crystalline phases by XRD. Al strips were firmly bound into the optimised MgO/ SF system and no H2 gas was detected during the test period. The corrosion of Al is very limited in the optimised MgO/SF system compared to the control system. Magnox swarf was found to show similar corrosion behaviour when encapsulated in both the control system and the optimised MgO/SF system. The M-S-H gel forming cement system developed in this research is novel and may have potential for encapsulating certain types of problematic legacy wastes generated from the nuclear industry.
Constructions of Non Commutative Instantons on $T^4$ and $K_3$
Creators: name: Ganor, Ori J.
name: Mikhailov, Andrei Yu.
name: Saulina, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the spectral-curve construction of moduli spaces of instantons on $\MT{4}$ and $K_3$ to noncommutative geometry. We argue that the spectral-curves should be constructed inside a twisted $\MT{4}$ or $K_3$ that is an elliptic fibration without a section. We demonstrate this explicitly for $T^4$ and to first order in the noncommutativity, for $K_3$. Physically, moduli spaces of noncommutative instantons appear as moduli spaces of theories with $\SUSY{4}$ supersymmetry in 2+1D. The spectral curves are related to Seiberg-Witten curves of theories with $\SUSY{2}$ in 3+1D. In particular, we argue that the moduli space of instantons of $U(q)$ Yang-Mills theories on a noncommutative $K_3$ is equivalent to the Coulomb branch of certain 2+1D theories with ${\cal N} = 4$ supersymmetry. The theories are obtained by compactifying the heterotic little-string theory on $T^3$ with global twists. This extends a previous result for noncommutative instantons on $\MT{4}$. We also briefly discuss the instanton equation on generic curved spaces.
description: 49pp LaTeX, ref added, last paragraph of section (4.3) deleted
Additional file 1 of Mesenteric excision surgery or conservative limited resection in Crohn’s disease: study protocol for an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Li, Yi
name: Mohan, Helen
name: Lan, Nan
name: Wu, Xiaojian
name: Zhou, Wei
name: Gong, Jianfeng
name: Shen, Bo
name: Stocchi, Luca
name: Coffey, J.
name: Zhu, Weiming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Additional file 1. Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 Checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents; LME EME.
The clinical application of multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging of human skin using multiphoton microscopy
Creators: name: Patalay, Rakesh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: The work presented in this thesis employed multiphoton microscopy of tissue autofluorescence to investigate spectrally and fluorescence lifetime resolved images obtained from normal skin and cutaneous malignancies. This was achieved by adapting a commercially available CE-marked multiphoton tomograph (DermaInspect®) to allow fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) simultaneously in four spectral channels and corresponding steady-state hyperspectral images using a prism-based spectrometer to be acquired. The images generated were analysed through the manual identification of morphological criteria and through manual and automatic segmentation of individual cells within FLIM images followed by automated morphological and spectroscopic analysis. The analysis of FLIM images acquired from normal skin ex vivo and in vivo identified subpopulations of cells based on their autofluorescence characteristics and allowed intra- and interpatient variations to be assessed. The mean cellular lifetime was found to decrease between 691-1286 picoseconds (ps) with depth, increase between 199-550 ps with age and a statistically significant decrease between 286-1436 ps with skin phototype (I-IV) was found, depending on spectral channel. The manual identification of morphological features from BCC images acquired ex vivo allowed the correct diagnosis to be made with a sensitivity/specificity of 79%/93%. Cellular fluorescence lifetimes were statistically significantly longer by between 19.9-39.8% compared to normal skin. A linear discriminant analysis combining both spectroscopic and morphological cellular parameters allowed BCCs to be discriminated from normal skin with an AUC of 0.83. Manually identified morphological features were able to distinguish dysplastic naevi from melanomas with a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 81% respectively from ex vivo FLIM images. However, no contrast in cellular fluorescence lifetime was observed. A motorised stage has also allowed multispectral FLIM image mosaics of depth resolved images from unsectioned skin to be presented for the first time. In conclusion tissue autofluorescence and FLIM detect clinically useful differences in the skin.
DFT study of electro-optical, electronic and thermal properties of 4-n-alkoxy-4′-cynobiphenyl liquid crystal series
Creators: name: Sharma, Dipendra
name: Sahu, Teekendra Kumar
name: Tiwari, Sugriva Nath
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: In this article, we have performed ab-initio study on the homologues of 4-n-alkoxy-4′-cynobiphenyl (nOCB) series (n = 1–12) using DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method. The Raman and UV-vis spectra of nOCB molecules have been analysed using DFT and ZINDO methods respectively. The dependence of electro-optical parameters such as dipole moment, mean polarizability, anisotropy in polarizability and molar refractivity along with global descriptors such as ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, chemical hardness and electrophilicity index on the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy chain has been examined. Also the variation of thermal parameters with the alkoxy chain length has been analysed. Electro-optical, electronic and thermal properties of nOCB LC molecules (n = 1–12) have been elaborated.
New Superconformal Field Theories in Four Dimensions and N=1 Duality
Creators: name: Chaichian, M.
name: Chen, W. F.
name: Montonen, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, developments in the understanding of low-energy N=1 supersymmetric gauge theory have revealed two important phenomena: the appearance of new four-dimensional superconformal field theories and a non-Abelian generalization of electric-magnetic duality at the IR fixed point. This report is a pedagogical introduction to these phenomena. After presenting some necessary background material, a detailed introduction to the low-energy non-perturbative dynamics of N=1 supersymmetric $SU(N_c)$ QCD is given. The emergence of new four-dimensional superconformal field theories and non-Abelian duality is explained. New non-perturbative phenomena in supersymmetric $SO(N_c)$ and $Sp(N_c=2n_c)$ gauge theories, such as the two inequivalent branches, oblique confinement and electric-magnetic-dyonic triality, are presented. Finally, some new features of these four-dimensional superconformal field theories are exhibited: the universal operator product expansion, evidence for a possible $c$-theorem in four dimensions and the critical behaviour of anomalous currents. The concluding remarks contain a brief history of electric-magnetic duality and a discussion on the possible applications of duality to ordinary QCD.
description: 239 pages, LaTex 2-3 times, 4 eps files
Additional file 5: of Hidden in plain sightâ highly abundant and diverse planktonic freshwater Chloroflexi
Creators: name: Maliheh Mehrshad
name: Salcher, Michaela
name: Okazaki, Yusuke
name: Shin-Ichi Nakano
name: Imek, Karel Ĺ
name: Adrian-Stefan Andrei
name: Rohit Ghai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Table S4. Details of CARD-FISH probes designed for specific Chloroflexi lineages. (PDF 107 kb)
Causes of confined space hypoxia during underground construction in the Lambeth Group beneath London
Creators: name: Newman, Timothy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Hypoxic ground gas is rarely reported in London despite its frequent occurrence in the Upnor Formation and the serious health and safety implications for underground working. The death of two engineers by asphyxiation and recent interception of pressurised hypoxic gas by two ground investigation boreholes highlight the urgent need for research into this hazard which until now has been extremely limited. Glauconite is legally and widely assumed to cause the oxygen loss in confined spaces but this research proves it incapable of doing so. Visual inspection and laboratory analysis, using optical and infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques confirm fresh glauconite within highly oxidised soil samples throughout the lower Lambeth Group and Thanet Sand Formation. The low concentration of pyrite and organic materials eliminates these as alternative causes. A poorly known but common bright blue-green mineral, green rust, is instead shown to be a very potent and plausible reducing agent. However, laboratory analysis under anoxic conditions has yet to prove its existence in the Upnor Formation, largely because of its extremely rapid oxidation, although the results are consistent with its presence in fresh samples. Significant preservation techniques were implemented to prevent oxidation of soil samples prior to laboratory analysis and improvements identified for future research. The presence of green rust during underground construction within the Upnor Formation will have serious implications for the health and safety of personnel. Measurements of soil suction, using the filter paper technique, show that the air entry value of the Lower Mottled Beds is such that they will act as an impermeable barrier to upward migration of hypoxic gas, trapping it within the underlying Upnor Formation. Field tests indicate that the gas is formed during periods of dewatering and may be influenced by changes in barometric pressure.
Synthesis and applications of indenopyrazine based polymers for use in organic electronics
Creators: name: Barnes, George
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The first part of this thesis is devoted to the synthesis, purification and application of a series of indenopyrazine based polymers for their use in optoelectronic devices. The work focuses on the effect of alternating chain length on the degree of polymerisation, optical and charge carrier properties The next section studies the copolymerisation of indenopyrazine with dithiophene benzothiadiazole acceptor units and the effect substituents have on the planarity of the polymer backbone and the delocalisation of molecular orbitals and solar cell performance. The final part of this thesis investigates indenopyrazine based polymers as charge carrier materials in p-type transistors and probes the effect p-dopants have on the energy levels, charge carrier mobility and optical properties. The second part is the synthesis of the novel alkylidene-indenopyrazine monomer and probes the introduction of enforced planarity and finally the synthesis towards the novel the semiconductor indenopyrazinedithiophene.
A Significantly off-center Ni56 Distribution for the Low-Luminosity Type Ia Supernova SN 2016brx from the 100IAS survey
Creators: name: Dong, Subo
name: Katz, Boaz
name: Kollmeier, Juna A.
name: Kushnir, Doron
name: Elias-Rosa, N.
name: Bose, Subhash
name: Morrell, Nidia
name: Prieto, J. L.
name: Chen, Ping
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Brandt, G. M.
name: Holoien, T. W. -S.
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: Morales-Garoffolo, Antonia
name: Parker, Stuart
name: Phillips, M. M.
name: Piro, Anthony L.
name: Shappee, B. J.
name: Simon, Joshua D.
name: Stanek, K. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present nebular-phase spectra of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2016brx, a member of the 1991bg-like subclass that lies at the faint end of the SN Ia luminosity function. Nebular spectra are available for only three other 1991bg-like SNe, and their Co line centers are all within 1500 km/s compared to them and by ~1200 km/s compared to the rest frame. This is a significant shift relative to the narrow nebular line velocity dispersion of
description: Minor Changes. Accepted by MNRAS Letter
Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Formica
Formica rufa

description: Formica rufa [spec. nov.]
F. thorace compresso toto ferrugineo, capite abdomineque nigris.
Fn. svec. 1020. Formica rufa.
Raj. ins. 69. Formica media rubra.
Habitat in Europae acervis acerosis sylvaticis; in America septentrionali. Kalm.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 580, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
A large-scale evaluation framework for EEG deep learning architectures
Creators: name: Heilmeyer, Felix A.
name: Schirrmeister, Robin T.
name: Fiederer, Lukas D. J.
name: Völker, Martin
name: Behncke, Joos
name: Ball, Tonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: EEG is the most common signal source for noninvasive BCI applications. For such applications, the EEG signal needs to be decoded and translated into appropriate actions. A recently emerging EEG decoding approach is deep learning with Convolutional or Recurrent Neural Networks (CNNs, RNNs) with many different architectures already published. Here we present a novel framework for the large-scale evaluation of different deep-learning architectures on different EEG datasets. This framework comprises (i) a collection of EEG datasets currently including 100 examples (recording sessions) from six different classification problems, (ii) a collection of different EEG decoding algorithms, and (iii) a wrapper linking the decoders to the data as well as handling structured documentation of all settings and (hyper-) parameters and statistics, designed to ensure transparency and reproducibility. As an applications example we used our framework by comparing three publicly available CNN architectures: the Braindecode Deep4 ConvNet, Braindecode Shallow ConvNet, and two versions of EEGNet. We also show how our framework can be used to study similarities and differences in the performance of different decoding methods across tasks. We argue that the deep learning EEG framework as described here could help to tap the full potential of deep learning for BCI applications.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, final version accepted for presentation at IEEE SMC 2018 conference
Comments on the paper ``Bare Quark Surfacees of Strange Stars and Electron-Positron Pair Emission''
Creators: name: Mitra, Abhas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper (Ushov, PRL, 80, 230, 1998), it has been claimed that the bare surface of a strange star can emit electron-positron pairs of luminosity \~10^{51} ergs/s for about 10s. If true, obviously, this mechanism may explain the origin of cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts. However, we point out that such a mechanism is does not work because (i) if pair production really occurs the supposed pre-existing supercritical electric field will be quenched and this discharge process may at best release ~10^{24} ergs of electromagnetic energy, and (ii) there is no way by which the trapped core thermal energy of few 10^{52} ergs can be transmitted electromagnetically on a time scale of ~10s or even on a much larger time scale. The only way the hot core can cool on a time scale of ~10 s or much shorter is by the well known process of emission of nu-antinu pairs.
description: Final version accepted in Phy. Rev. Lett. Main conclusion that the mechanism by Usov does not work remains unchanged, amitra@apsara.barc.ernet.in
Oral history interview with Philip Berrigan, 1985
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pacifists--United States
Catholic ex-priests
Civil rights--Religious aspects
Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements
Excommunication
Religious ethics
Liberation theology

description: Family background, experiences during World War II as artilleryman; education at Holy Cross; decision to join Josephite Order of Roman Catholic Church, ordination to priesthood; involvement with civil rights movement in Washington, D.C., New Orleans and Baltimore; teaching in Catholic schools; non-violent opposition to Vietnam War: destruction of draft documents at Catonsville, MD., serving jail sentences, going underground; marriage and excommunication; peace activism and Plowshares movement; communal life at Jonah House; relationship of religious ethics and politics, liberation theology
Observation of solar radio burst events from Mars orbit with the Shallow Radar instrument
Creators: name: Gerekos, Christopher
name: Steinbrügge, Gregor
name: Jebaraj, Immanuel
name: Casillas, Andreas
name: Donini, Elena
name: Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz
name: Lester, Mark
name: Magdalenić, Jasmina
name: Peters, Sean
name: Romero-Wolf, Andrew
name: Blankenship, Donald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multispacecraft and multiwavelength observations of solar eruptions such as flares and coronal mass ejections are essential to understand the complex processes behind these events. The study of solar burst events in the radio-frequency spectrum has relied almost exclusively on data from ground-based observations and a few dedicated heliophysics missions such as STEREO or Wind. Reanalysing existing data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Shallow Radar (SHARAD) instrument, a Martian planetary radar sounder, we have discovered the instrument was also capable of detecting solar radio bursts, and was able to do so with unprecedented resolution for a space-based solar instrument. In this study we aim at demonstrating the reliability and value of SHARAD as a new solar radio-observatory. We characterised the sensitivity of the instrument to type-III solar radio bursts through a statistical analysis of correlated observations, using STEREO and Wind as references. Using 38 correlated detections, we establish the conditions under which SHARAD can observe solar bursts in terms of acquisition geometry. As an example of scientific application, we also present the first analysis of type-III characteristic times at high resolution beyond 1 AU. A simple logistic model based purely on geometrical acquisition parameters can predict burst show vs. no-show in SHARAD data with an accuracy of 79.2%, demonstrating the reliability of the instrument for detecting solar bursts and laying the foundation for using SHARAD as a solar radio-observatory. The extremely high resolution of the instrument, both in temporal and frequency directions, its bandwidth, and its position in the solar system enable SHARAD to make significant contributions to heliophysics; it could inform on plasma processes on the site of the burst generation and along the propagation path of associated fast electron beams.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Aligning learning outcomes to improve communication
Creators: name: Keenahan, Jennifer
name: McCrum, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130303 Education Assessment and Evaluation
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Engineers require the skill of effective communication and interaction with architects to be successful throughout their professional career. While the relationship between architects and structural engineers develops during their professional career, it is often overlooked during their undergraduate education. This paper presents learning strategies to improve the communication between engineering and architecture students as well as the awareness of the others’ profession. The strategy of aligning learning outcomes to develop communication skills and prevent reproductive learning are applied in four continuous assessment problem-based learning (PBL) submissions. The strategies were applied in the experimental setting of a Stage 1 undergraduate module jointly offered to architecture and general entry engineering students at the School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin. Results from surveys showed the students enjoyed the module and had a high level of understanding of the other profession at the end of the module. The students identified an improvement in their own communication skills as a result of the module.
Semiclassical SL(2) Strings on LLM backgrounds
Creators: name: Kim, Minkyoo
name: van Zyl, Hendrik J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study semiclassical string solutions that live on white regions of the LLM plane for a generic LLM geometry. These string excitations are labelled by conserved charges E, J and S and are thus holographically dual to operators in the SL(2) sector of N = 4 super-Yang Mills made up of covariant derivatives acting on complex scalar fields Z. On the other hand, the LLM geometry itself is dual to an operator consisting of O(N^2) Z-fields so that the operators dual to our solutions, containing both the stringy excitation and background, are non-planar. In an appropriate short string limit we argue that the string solution we find should be dual to a localised SL(2) excitation in the gauge theory language. This allows us to perform a non-trivial check of the recent proposal that the dynamics of localised excitations should be identical, up to a rescaling of the 't Hooft coupling, to the dynamics of those same excitations in the AdS5xS5 background
description: 10+3 pages
Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Formica
Formica fusca

description: Formica fusca [spec. nov.]
F. cinereo-fusca, tibiis pallidis.
Fn. svec. 1022. Formica fusca.
Raj. ins. 69. Formica media, nigro colore splendens.
Habitat in Europae terra sabulosa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 580, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 5: of Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy
Creators: name: Gunnell, Katie
name: Longmuir, Patricia
name: Woodruff, Sarah
name: Barnes, Joel
name: Belanger, Kevin
name: Tremblay, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Model syntax. (DOCX 23 kb)
Collimated hot electron generation from sub-wavelength grating target irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse of relativistic intensity
Creators: name: Jana, Kamalesh
name: Lad, Amit D.
name: Zhang, Guo-Bo
name: Li, Bo-Yuan
name: Kumar, V. Rakesh
name: Shaikh, Moniruzzaman
name: Ved, Yash M.
name: Chen, Min
name: Kumar, G. Ravindra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the production of hot electrons from the interaction of relativistically intense ($I> 10^{18} W/cm^{2}$) ultra-short (25 fs) laser pulses with sub-wavelength grating target. We measure the hot electron angular distribution and energy spectra for grating target and compare them with those from a planar mirror target. We observe that hot electrons are emitted in a collimated beam along the specular direction of the grating target. From the measured electron energy spectra we see electron temperature for grating is higher than the mirror, suggesting a higher electron yield and hence a stronger coupling with the laser. We performed numerical simulations which are in good agreement with experimental results, offer insights into the acceleration mechanism by resulting electric and magnetic fields. Such collimated fast electron beams have a wide range of applications in applied and fundamental science.
description: 6 figures