cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Role of Brain Interleukin-1 in Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning
Creators: name: Lysle, Donald T.
name: Lebonville, Christina L.
name: Jones, Meghan E.
name: Barrus, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be associated with pro-inflammatory markers, including elevated plasma levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, the precise role of neuroinflammation and central immune signaling on the development of this debilitating psychological disorder is not known. Here, we used stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), an animal model of the disorder, to examine the role of central IL-1β in PTSD. The results show that the severe stressor in SEFL induces a time-dependent increase in IL-1β immunoreactivity and mRNA expression within the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus (DH). There was no increase in IL-1β in the basolateral amygdala or the perirhinal cortex. Moreover, blocking the action of IL-1β following the severe stressor with IL-1 receptor antagonist (10 μg, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), 24 and 48 h after the stressor) prevented the development of SEFL. To provide further support for the role of IL-1β in the development of SEFL, we show that systemic morphine, a treatment which is known to reduce both PTSD and SEFL, also reduces IL-1β expression in the DH induced by the severe stressor. These studies provide the first evidence that IL-1 is involved SEFL and suggest that IL-1 signaling in the brain may have a critical role in the development of PTSD.
Perfusion CT compared to H2 15O/O15O PET in patients with chronic cervical carotid artery occlusion
Creators: name: Chien, Jeffrey D.
name: Wintermark, Max
name: Kamath, Amita
name: Cianfoni, Alessandro
name: Finley, Bruce
name: Dillon, William P.
name: Powers, William J.
name: Smith, Wade S.
name: Videen, Tom
name: Lawton, Michael T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: As part of the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS), patients with chronic cervical carotid artery occlusive disease are selected for extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery based on the results of 15O2/H215O PET imaging. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of Perfusion-CT (PCT) with those of 15O2/H215O PET in a subset of COSS patients.
(400233) Elizabeth Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the Invertibility of Motives of Affine Quadrics
Creators: name: Bachmann, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the reduced motive of a smooth affine quadric is invertible as an object of the triangulated category of motives DM(k, ZZ[1/e]) (where k is a perfect field of exponential characteristic e). We also establish a motivic version of the conjectures of Po Hu on products of certain affine Pfister quadrics. Both of these results are obtained by studying a novel conservative functor on (a subcategory of) DM(k, ZZ[1/e]), the construction of which constitutes the main part of this work.
description: final version
Comprehensive rehabilitative care across the spectrum of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Creators: name: Karam, Chafic
name: Bedlack, Richard
name: Carter, Gregory T.
name: Joyce, Nanette
name: Paganoni, Sabrina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease) is a neurodegenerative disease that results in progressive muscle weakness and wasting. There is no known cure and the disease is uniformly fatal.
Repeated Maximal Volitional Effort Contractions in Human Spinal Cord Injury: Initial Torque Increases and Reduced Fatigue
Creators: name: Lewek, Michael D.
name: Thompson, Christopher K.
name: Hornby, T. George
name: Heitz, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Substantial data indicate greater muscle fatigue in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) compared with healthy control subjects when tested by using electrical stimulation protocols. Few studies have investigated the extent of volitional fatigue in motor incomplete SCI.
(400234) james Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging measure of automatic and controlled auditory processing
Creators: name: Belger, Aysenil
name: Mitchell, Teresa V.
name: Morey, Rajendra A.
name: Inan, Seniha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Activity within fronto-striato-temporal regions during processing of unattended auditory deviant tones and an auditory target detection task was investigated using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activation within the middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, thalamus, and basal ganglia were analyzed for differences in activity patterns between the two stimulus conditions. Unattended deviant tones elicited robust activation in the superior temporal gyrus; by contrast, attended tones evoked stronger superior temporal gyrus activation and greater frontal and striatal activation. The results suggest that attention enhances neural activation evoked by auditory pitch deviance in auditory brain regions, possibly through top-down control from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex involved in goal-directed selection and response generation.
Hyperbolic four-manifolds, colourings and mutations
Creators: name: Kolpakov, Alexander
name: Slavich, Leone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57N16, 52B11, 52C45

description: We develop a way of seeing a complete orientable hyperbolic $4$-manifold $\mathcal{M}$ as an orbifold cover of a Coxeter polytope $\mathcal{P} \subset \mathbb{H}^4$ that has a facet colouring. We also develop a way of finding totally geodesic sub-manifolds $\mathcal{N}$ in $\mathcal{M}$, and describing the result of mutations along $\mathcal{N}$. As an application of our method, we construct an example of a complete orientable hyperbolic $4$-manifold $\mathcal{X}$ with a single non-toric cusp and a complete orientable hyperbolic $4$-manifold $\mathcal{Y}$ with a single toric cusp. Both $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{Y}$ have twice the minimal volume among all complete orientable hyperbolic $4$-manifolds.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures; classification in Proposition 3.2 is incomplete: see arXiv:2009.09995 for correction
(400235) Mary McDougall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(400236) Ann Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Hemodynamic signals of mixed messages during a social exchange
Creators: name: Bulik, Cynthia M.
name: Morris, James P.
name: Green, Steven
name: Kragel, Philip
name: Labar, Kevin S.
name: Pelphrey, Kevin A.
name: Zucker, Nancy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize hemodynamic activation patterns recruited when participants view mixed social communicative messages during a common interpersonal exchange. Mixed messages were defined as conflicting sequences of biological motion and facial affect signals that are unexpected within a particular social context (for example, observing the reception of a gift). Across four social vignettes, valenced facial expressions were crossed with rejecting and accepting gestures in a virtual avatar responding to presentation of a gift from the participant. Results indicate that conflicting facial affect and gesture activated superior temporal sulcus, a region implicated in expectancy violations, as well as inferior frontal gyrus and putamen. Scenarios conveying rejection differentially activated the insula and putamen, regions implicated in embodied cognition and motivated learning, as well as frontoparietal cortex. Characterizing how meaning is inferred from integration of conflicting nonverbal communicative cues is essential to understand nuances and complexities of human exchange.
Proposal Submitted to The School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University Collage of Health Science School of Nursing and Midwifery for Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements of Master's Degree in Adult Health Nursing
Creators: name: Tadila Dires
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Background: Non-pharmacological interventions defined as therapies that do not involve taking medicines or any other active substance. Such interventions may include exercise, massage, relaxation training, thermotherapy and psychological or behavioral management. Non pharmacological pain management is important when managing post-operative pain. Non-pharmacologic method have no side effects, have minimum risk, are not detrimental to patients, easy to administer and cost-efficient. These interventions should be implemented by nurses into routine plans of care for patients.

Objective: To assess practice of non-pharmacological post-operative pain management and associated factors among nurses working in public referral hospitals of Amhara regional state
(400232) Mary Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Survey Report on Operating Systems for Tiny Networked Sensors
Creators: name: Ranjan, Alok
name: Sahu, H. B.
name: Misra, Prasant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Wireless sensor network (WSN) has attracted researchers worldwide to explore the research opportunities, with application mainly in health monitoring, industry automation, battlefields, home automation and environmental monitoring. A WSN is highly resource constrained in terms of energy, computation and memory. WSNs deployment ranges from the normal working environment up to hostile and hazardous environment such as in volcano monitoring and underground mines. These characteristics of WSNs hold additional set of challenges in front of the operating system designer. The objective of this survey is to highlight the features and weakness of the opearting system available for WSNs, with the focus on the current application demands. The paper also discusses the operating system design issues in terms of architecture, programming model, scheduling and memory management and support for real time applications.
description: 12 pages, Submitted to Journal
Reduction of pyramidal and immature hippocampal neurons in pediatric simian immunodeficiency virus infection
Creators: name: Rollins, Matthew
name: Curtis, Kimberly
name: Van Rompay, Koen K.A.
name: Carryl, Heather
name: Kimberley, Bradshaw
name: Burke, Mark W.
name: Abel, Kristina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Pediatric HIV infection remains a global health crisis with a worldwide infection rate of 2.5 million (WHO, Geneva Switzerland, 2009). Children are much more susceptible to HIV-1 neurological impairments than adults, which is exacerbated by co-infections. A major obstacle in pediatric HIV research is sample access. The proposed studies take advantage of ongoing pediatric SIV pathogenesis and vaccine studies to test the hypothesis that pediatric SIV infection diminishes neuronal populations and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Newborn rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that received intravenous inoculation of highly virulent SIVmac251 (n=3) or vehicle (control n=4) were used in this study. After a 6–18 week survival time, the animals were sacrificed and the brains prepared for quantitative histopathological analysis. Systematic sections through the hippocampus were either Nissl stained or immunostained for doublecortin (DCX+), a putative marker of neurogenesis. Using design-based stereology, we report a 42% reduction in the pyramidal neuron population of the CA1, CA2, and CA3 fields of the hippocampus (p < 0.05) in SIV-infected infants. The DCX+ neuronal population was also significantly reduced within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The loss of hippocampal neurons and neurogenic capacity may contribute to the rapid neurocognitive decline associated with pediatric HIV infection. These data suggest that pediatric SIV infection, which leads to significant neuronal loss in the hippocampus within 3 months, closely models a subset of pediatric HIV infections with rapid progression.
Involvement of protein kinase A in ethanol-induced locomotor activity and sensitization
Creators: name: Sparta, D. R.
name: Knapp, D. J.
name: Picker, M. J.
name: Breese, G. R.
name: Fee, J. R.
name: Thiele, T. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Mutant mice lacking the RIIβ subunit of protein kinase A (regulatory subunit II beta−/−) show increased ethanol preference. Recent evidence suggests a relationship between heightened ethanol preference and susceptibility to ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization. It is currently unknown if protein kinase A signaling modulates the stimulant effects and/or behavioral sensitization caused by ethanol administration. To address this question, we examined the effects of repeated ethanol administration on locomotor activity RIIβ−/− and littermate wild-type (RIIβ+/+) mice on multiple genetic backgrounds.
title: Substrate Inhibition of 5β-Δ4-3-Ketosteroid Dehydrogenase in Sphingobium sp. Strain Chol11 Acts as Circuit Breaker During Growth With Toxic Bile Salts
Creators: name: Müller, Franziska Maria
name: Marke, Gina
name: Drees, Steffen Lorenz
name: Wöhlbrand, Lars
name: Rabus, Ralf
name: Philipp, Bodo
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 570 Biology

description: In contrast to many steroid hormones and cholesterol, mammalian bile salts are 5β-steroids, which leads to a bent structure of the steroid core. Bile salts are surface-active steroids excreted into the environment in large amounts, where they are subject to bacterial degradation. Bacterial steroid degradation is initiated by the oxidation of the A-ring leading to canonical Δ4-3-keto steroids with a double bond in the A-ring. For 5β-bile salts, this Δ4-double bond is introduced into 3-keto-bile salts by a 5β-Δ4-ketosteroid dehydrogenase (5β-Δ4-KSTD). With the Nov2c019 protein from bile-salt degrading 'Sphingobium' sp. strain Chol11, a novel 5β-Δ4-KSTD for bile-salt degradation belonging to the Old Yellow Enzyme family was identified and named 5β-Δ4-KSTD1. By heterologous production in 'Escherichia coli', 5β-Δ4-KSTD function could be shown for 5β-Δ4-KSTD1 as well as the homolog CasH from bile-salt degrading 'Rhodococcus jostii' RHA1. The deletion mutant of 5β-Δ4-kstd1 had a prolonged lag-phase with cholate as sole carbon source and, in accordance with the function of 5β-Δ4-KSTD1, showed delayed 3-ketocholate transformation. Purified 5β-Δ4-KSTD1 was specific for 5β-steroids in contrast to 5α-steroids and converted steroids with a variety of hydroxy groups regardless of the presence of a side chain. 5β-Δ4-KSTD1 showed a relatively low Km for 3-ketocholate, a very high specific activity and pronounced substrate inhibition. With respect to the toxicity of bile salts, these kinetic properties indicate that 5β-Δ4-KSTD1 can achieve fast detoxification of the detergent character as well as prevention of an overflow of the catabolic pathway in presence of increased bile-salt concentrations.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).
A roadmap for the computation of persistent homology
Creators: name: Otter, Nina
name: Porter, Mason A.
name: Tillmann, Ulrike
name: Grindrod, Peter
name: Harrington, Heather A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Persistent homology (PH) is a method used in topological data analysis (TDA) to study qualitative features of data that persist across multiple scales. It is robust to perturbations of input data, independent of dimensions and coordinates, and provides a compact representation of the qualitative features of the input. The computation of PH is an open area with numerous important and fascinating challenges. The field of PH computation is evolving rapidly, and new algorithms and software implementations are being updated and released at a rapid pace. The purposes of our article are to (1) introduce theory and computational methods for PH to a broad range of computational scientists and (2) provide benchmarks of state-of-the-art implementations for the computation of PH. We give a friendly introduction to PH, navigate the pipeline for the computation of PH with an eye towards applications, and use a range of synthetic and real-world data sets to evaluate currently available open-source implementations for the computation of PH. Based on our benchmarking, we indicate which algorithms and implementations are best suited to different types of data sets. In an accompanying tutorial, we provide guidelines for the computation of PH. We make publicly available all scripts that we wrote for the tutorial, and we make available the processed version of the data sets used in the benchmarking.
description: Final version; minor changes throughout, added a section to the tutorial
GPP 2022: Supporting patients in publications
Creators: name: Lobban, Dawn
name: Elliott, Catherine
name: Perdeaux, Elizabeth
name: Oliver, Jacqui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The latest version of the Good Publication Practice Guidelines (GPP 2022) was published on August 30, 2022. GPP 2022 provides guidance on how pharmaceutical companies can publish biomedical research ethically and should be read in full. As the Envision the Patient team at Envision Pharma Group, we share our summary of what the new guidelines tell us about patient involvement in publications below.
Spin Physics at J-PARC
Creators: name: Kumano, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-physics projects at J-PARC are explained by including future possibilities. J-PARC is the most-intense hadron-beam facility in the high-energy region above multi-GeV, and spin physics will be investigated by using secondary beams of kaons, pions, neutrinos, muons, and antiproton as well as the primary-beam proton. In particle physics, spin topics are on muon $g-2$, muon and neutron electric dipole moments, and time-reversal violation experiment in a kaon decay. Here, we focus more on hadron-spin physics as for future projects. For example, generalized parton distributions (GPDs) could be investigated by using pion and proton beams, whereas they are studied by the virtual Compton scattering at lepton facilities. The GPDs are key quantities for determining the three-dimensional picture of hadrons and for finding the origin of the nucleon spin including partonic orbital-angular-momentum contributions. In addition, polarized parton distributions and various hadron spin topics should be possible by using the high-momentum beamline. The strangeness contribution to the nucleon spin could be also investigated in principle with the neutrino beam with a near detector facility.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX, 12 eps files, Plenary talk, to be published in International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Spin Physics (Spin2014), Beijing, China, October 20-24, 2014
Synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 in the human prefrontal cortex from mid-gestation into early adulthood
Creators: name: Lieberman, J. A.
name: Hamer, R. M.
name: Gilmore, J. H.
name: Glantz, L. A.
name: Jarskog, L. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Previous studies of postnatal synaptic development in human frontal cortex have shown that synaptic density rises after birth, reaches a plateau in childhood and then decreases to adult levels by late adolescence. A similar pattern has been seen in nonhuman primate cortex. These earlier studies in human cortex are limited, however, by significant age gaps in study subjects at critical inflection points of the developmental curve. Additionally, it is unclear if synaptic development occurs in different patterns in different cortical layers in prefrontal cortex (PFC). The purpose of this study was to examine synaptic density in human PFC across development by measuring two synaptic marker proteins: synaptophysin (presynaptic), and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95; postsynaptic). Western blotting was used to assess the relative levels of synaptophysin and PSD-95 in dorsolateral PFC of 42 subjects, distributed in age from 18 weeks gestation to 25 years. In addition, synaptophysin immunoreactivity was examined in each layer of areas 9 and 46 of PFC in 24 subjects, ranging in age from 0.1 to 25 years. Synaptophysin levels slowly increased from birth until age 5 and then increased more rapidly to peak in late childhood around age 10. Synaptophysin subsequently decreased until the adult level was reached by mid-adolescence, around age 16. PSD-95 levels increased postnatally to reach a stable plateau by early childhood with a slight reduction in late adolescence and early adulthood. The pattern of synaptophysin immunoreactivity seen with immunohistochemistry was similar to the Western experiments but the changes across age were more subtle, with little change by layer within and across age. The developmental patterns exhibited by these synaptic marker proteins expand upon previous studies of developmental synaptic changes in human frontal cortex; synaptic density increases steadily from birth to late childhood, then decreases in early adolescence to reach adult levels by late adolescence.
Quantifying Coherence in Infinite Dimensional Systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu-Ran
name: Shao, Lian-He
name: Li, Yongming
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantification of coherence in infinite dimensional systems, especially the infinite dimensional bosonic systems in Fock space. We show that given the energy constraints, the relative entropy of coherence serves as a well-defined quantification of coherence in infinite dimensional systems. Via using the relative entropy of coherence, we also generalize the problem to multi-mode Fock space and special examples are considered. It is shown that with a finite average particle number, increasing the number of modes of light can enhance the relative entropy of coherence. With the mean energy constraint, our results can also be extended to other infinite-dimensional systems.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
(400155) Edward Russell Boase
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Heterogeneous Ca2+ influx along the adult calyx of held: A structural and computational study
Creators: name: Spirou, G. A.
name: Manis, P. B.
name: Chirila, F. V.
name: von Gersdorff, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The calyx of Held is a morphologically complex nerve terminal containing hundreds to thousands of active zones. The calyx must support high rates of transient, sound-evoked vesicular release superimposed on a background of sustained release, due to the high spontaneous rates of some afferent fibers. One means of distributing vesicle release in space and time is to have heterogeneous release probabilities (Pr) at distinct active zones, which has been observed at several CNS synapses including the calyx of Held. Pr may be modulated by vesicle proximity to Ca2+ channels, by Ca2+ buffers, by changes in phosphorylation state of proteins involved in the release process, or by local variations in Ca2+ influx. In this study, we explore the idea that the complex geometry of the calyx also contributes to heterogeneous Pr by impeding equal propagation of action potentials through all calyx compartments. Given the difficulty of probing ion channel distribution and recording from adult calyces, we undertook a structural and modeling approach based on computerized reconstructions of calyces labeled in adult cats. We were thus able to manipulate placement of conductances and test their effects on Ca2+ concentration in all regions of the calyx following an evoked action potential in the calyceal axon. Our results indicate that with a non-uniform distribution of Na+ and K+ channels, action potentials do not propagate uniformly into the calyx, Ca2+ influx varies across different release sites, and latency for these events varies among calyx compartments. We suggest that the electrotonic structure of the calyx of Held, which our modeling efforts indicate is very sensitive to the axial resistivity of cytoplasm, may contribute to variations in release probability within the calyx.
(400159) Leslie Meldrum
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(400153) Esteel Jane Boase
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Developmental regulation of neural cell adhesion molecule in human prefrontal cortex
Creators: name: Lieberman, J. A.
name: Brennaman, L. H.
name: Jarskog, L. F.
name: Glantz, L. A.
name: Gable, K. L.
name: Hamer, R. M.
name: LaMantia, A. S.
name: Gilmore, J. H.
name: Cox, E. T.
name: Maness, P. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a membrane-bound cell recognition molecule that exerts important functions in normal neurodevelopment including cell migration, neurite outgrowth, axon fasciculation, and synaptic plasticity. Alternative splicing of NCAM mRNA generates three main protein isoforms: NCAM-180, -140, and -120. Ectodomain shedding of NCAM isoforms can produce an extracellular 105–115 kDa soluble NCAM fragment (NCAM-EC) and a smaller intracellular cytoplasmic fragment (NCAM-IC). NCAM also undergoes a unique post-translational modification in brain by the addition of polysialic acid (PSA)-NCAM. Interestingly, both PSA-NCAM and NCAM-EC have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The developmental expression patterns of the main NCAM isoforms and PSA-NCAM have been described in rodent brain, but no studies have examined NCAM expression across human cortical development. Western blotting was used to quantify NCAM in human postmortem prefrontal cortex in 42 individuals ranging in age from mid-gestation to early adulthood. Each NCAM isoform (NCAM-180, -140, and -120), post-translational modification (PSA-NCAM) and cleavage fragment (NCAM-EC and NCAM-IC) demonstrated developmental regulation in frontal cortex. NCAM-180, -140, and -120, as well as PSA-NCAM, and NCAM-IC all showed strong developmental regulation during fetal and early postnatal ages, consistent with their identified roles in axon growth and plasticity. NCAM-EC demonstrated a more gradual increase from the early postnatal period to reach a plateau by early adolescence, potentially implicating involvement in later developmental processes. In summary, this study implicates the major NCAM isoforms, PSA- NCAM and proteolytically cleaved NCAM in pre- and postnatal development of the human prefrontal cortex. These data provide new insights on human cortical development and also provide a basis for how altered NCAM signaling during specific developmental intervals could affect synaptic connectivity and circuit formation, and thereby contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders.
A plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase isoform at the postsynaptic density
Creators: name: Weinberg, R. J.
name: Strehler, E. E.
name: Burette, A. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Most excitatory input in the hippocampus impinges on dendritic spines. Entry of Ca2+ into spines through NMDA receptors can trigger a sequence of biochemical reactions leading to sustained changes in synaptic efficacy. To provide specificity, dendritic spines restrict the diffusion of Ca2+ signaling and downstream molecules. The postsynaptic density (the most prominent subdomain within the spine) is the site of Ca2+ entry through NMDA receptors. We here demonstrate that Ca2+ can also be removed via pumps embedded in the postsynaptic density. Using light- and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry, we find that PMCA2w, a member of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase family, concentrates at the PSD of most hippocampal spines. We propose that PMCA2w may be recruited into supramolecular complexes at the postsynaptic density, thus helping to regulate Ca2+ nanodomains at subsynaptic sites. Taken together, these results suggest a novel function for PMCAs as modulators of Ca2+ signaling at the synapse.
A remark on the asymptotic form of BPS multi-dyon solutions and their conserved charges
Creators: name: Constantinidis, C. P.
name: Ferreira, L. A.
name: Luchini, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the gauge invariant, dynamically conserved charges, recently obtained from the integral form of the Yang-Mills equations, for the BPS multi-dyon solutions of a Yang-Mills-Higgs theory associated to any compact semi-simple gauge group G. Those charges are shown to correspond to the eigenvalues of the next-to-leading term of the asymptotic form of the Higgs field at spatial infinity, and so coinciding with the usual topological charges of those solutions. Such results show that many of the topological charges considered in the literature are in fact dynamical charges, which conservation follows from the global properties of classical Yang-Mills theories encoded into their integral dynamical equations. The conservation of those charges can not be obtained from the differential form of Yang-Mills equations.
description: Version to be published in JHEP, Journal of High Energy Physics (19 pages, no figures, some examples added)
Cue-evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens shell tracks reinforcer magnitude during intracranial self-stimulation
Creators: name: Beyene, M.
name: Carelli, R. M.
name: Wightman, R. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The mesolimbic dopamine system is critically involved in modulating reward-seeking behavior and is transiently activated upon presentation of reward-predictive cues. It has previously been shown, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in behaving rats, that cues predicting a variety of reinforcers including food/water, cocaine or intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) elicit time-locked transient fluctuations in dopamine concentration in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. These dopamine transients have been found to correlate with reward-related learning and are believed to promote reward-seeking behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of varying reinforcer magnitude (intracranial stimulation parameters) on cue-evoked dopamine release in the NAc shell in rats performing ICSS. We found that the amplitude of cue-evoked dopamine is adaptable, tracks reinforcer magnitude and is significantly correlated with ICSS seeking behavior. Specifically, the concentration of cue-associated dopamine transients increased significantly with increasing reinforcer magnitude, while, at the same time, the latency to lever press decreased with reinforcer magnitude. These data support the proposed role of NAc dopamine in the facilitation of reward-seeking and provide unique insight into factors influencing the plasticity of dopaminergic signaling during behavior.
Dynamic changes in cerebello-thalamo-cortical motor circuitry during progression of Parkinson's disease
Creators: name: Lewis, M. M.
name: Kawaguchi, A.
name: Huang, X.
name: Sen, S.
name: Truong, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Both the basal ganglia and cerebellum are known to influence cortical motor and motor-associated areas via the thalamus. Whereas striato-thalamo-cortical (STC) motor circuit dysfunction has been implicated clearly in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the role of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) motor circuit has not been well defined. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a convenient tool for studying the role of the CTC in vivo in PD patients, but large inter-individual differences in fMRI activation patterns require very large numbers of subjects in order to interpret data from cross-sectional, case control studies. To understand the role of the CTC during PD progression, we obtained longitudinal fMRI two years apart from five PD (57 ± 8 yr) and five Controls (57 ± 9 yr) performing either externally- (EG) or internally-guided (IG) sequential finger movements. All PD subjects had unilateral motor symptoms at baseline, but developed bilateral symptoms at follow-up. Within-group analyses were performed by comparing fMRI activation patterns between baseline and follow-up scans. Between-group comparisons were made by contrasting fMRI activation patterns generated by the more-affected and less-affected hands of PD subjects with the dominant and non-dominant hands of Controls, respectively. Compared to baseline, Controls showed changes in CTC circuits, but PD subjects had increased recruitment of both cortical motor-associated and cerebellar areas. Compared to Controls, PD subjects demonstrated augmented recruitment of CTC circuits over time that was statistically significant when the IG task was performed by the hand that transitioned from non-symptomatic to symptomatic. This longitudinal fMRI study demonstrates increased recruitment of the CTC motor circuit concomitant with PD progression, suggesting a role of the CTC circuit in accommodation to, or pathophysiology of, PD.
In vivo voltammetric monitoring of catecholamine release in subterritories of the nucleus accumbens shell
Creators: name: Park, J.
name: Carelli, R. M.
name: Kile, B. M.
name: Wightman, R. M.
name: Aragona, B. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes has been used to demonstrate that sub-second changes in catecholamine concentration occur within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell during motivated behaviors, and these fluctuations have been attributed to rapid dopamine signaling. However, FSCV cannot distinguish between dopamine and norepinephrine, and caudal regions of the NAc shell receive noradrenergic projections. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the degree to which norepinephrine contributes to catecholamine release within rostral and caudal portion of NAc shell. Analysis of tissue content revealed that dopamine was the major catecholamine detectable in the rostral NAc shell, whereas both dopamine and norepinephrine were found in the caudal subregion. To examine releasable catecholamines, electrical stimulation was used to evoke release in anesthetized rats with either stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle, a pathway containing both dopaminergic and noradrenergic projections to the NAc, or the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra, the origin of dopaminergic projections. The catecholamines were distinguished by their responses to different pharmacological agents. The dopamine autoreceptor blocker, raclopride, as well as the monoamine and dopamine transporter blockers, cocaine and GBR 12909, increased evoked catecholamine overflow in both the rostral and caudal NAc shell. The norepinephrine autoreceptor blocker, yohimbine, and the norepinephrine transporter blocker, desipramine, increased catecholamine overflow in the caudal NAc shell without significant alteration of evoked responses in the rostral NAc shell. Thus, the neurochemical and pharmacological results show that norepinephrine signaling is restricted to caudal portions of the NAc shell. Following raclopride and cocaine or raclopride and GBR 12909, robust catecholamine transients were observed within the rostral shell but these were far less apparent in the caudal NAc shell, and they did not occur following yohimbine and desipramine. Taken together, the data demonstrate that catecholamine signals in the rostral NAc shell detected by FSCV are due to change in dopamine transmission.
(400151) George Herbert Lindsay Boase
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The basolateral amygdala differentially regulates conditioned neural responses within the nucleus accumbens core and shell
Creators: name: Day, J. J.
name: Jones, J. L.
name: Carelli, R. M.
name: Wheeler, R. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The ability to process information regarding reward-predictive cues involves a diverse network of neural substrates. Given the importance of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in associative reward processes, recent research has examined the functional importance of BLA-NAc interactions. Here, multi-neuron extracellular recordings of NAc neurons coupled to microinfusion of GABAA and GABAB agonists into the BLA were employed to determine the functional contribution of the BLA to phasic neural activity across the NAc core and shell during a cued-instrumental task. NAc neural response profiles prior to BLA inactivation exhibited largely indistinguishable activity across the core and shell. However, for NAc neurons that displayed cue-related increases in firing rates during the task, BLA inactivation significantly reduced this activity selectively in the core (not shell). Additionally, phasic increases in firing rate in the core (not shell) immediately following the lever press response were also significantly reduced following BLA manipulation. Concurrent with these neural changes, BLA inactivation caused a significant increase in latency to respond for rewards and a decrease in the percentage of trials in which animals made a conditioned approach to the cue. Together, these results suggest that an excitatory projection from the BLA provides a selective contribution to conditioned neural excitations of NAc core neurons during a cued-instrumental task, providing insight into the underlying neural circuitry that mediates responding to reward-predictive cues.
MODELO DE AUTÔMATO CELULAR: ANÁLISE DE OCUPAÇÃO COM BASE NAS REGRAS DE VIZINHANÇAS DE VON NEUMANN E MOORE
Creators: name: De Brito Lucindo Da Silva, Otavio Alves
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Humanidades Digitais
Autômato Celular
AC
Ciência de Dados
Computação em Humanidades

description: Trabalho apresentado em 15º Congresso de Gestão Pública do Rio Grande do Norte.
title: Süßungsmittel: Mehrheit der Studien bestätigt keine Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigung - allerdings ist die Studienlage unzureichend: Stellungnahme Nr. 004/2023 des BfR vom 07. Februar 2023 (Bewertungsstand 23. September 2019)
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2023, no. 004
(400152) William Norman Boase
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
PRECARIZAR O TRABALHO É PRECARIZAR A SOCIEDADE
Creators: name: De Brito Lucindo Da Silva, Otavio Alves
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Humanidades Digitais
Trabalho e Renda
Gestão de Políticas Públicas

description: Trabalho apresentado em 15º Congresso de Gestão Pública do Rio Grande do Norte.