cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The convention of the loner in crime fiction
Creators: name: Beasley, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The representation of the sleuth as a 'loner' is one of the most dominant and durable conventions of crime fiction. Despite this, there is surprisingly limited scholarship on the wider sociological ideas that could be considered as the foundation of the convention. This paper draws together ideas such as Georg Simmel's notion of 'the stranger', Robert Park and John Irwin's studies of the city, Baudelaire's 'the flaneur', and the anthropological use of liminality and examines their possible relationship to the convention of the loner.
Delphi poll
Creators: name: Pohl, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: transdisciplinary research
knowledge co-production
Delphi survey
method

description: This publication describes the delphi poll and is part of a series of tools and methods compiled in the td-net toolbox for co-producing knowledge (www.transdisciplinarity.ch/toolbox).
 Delphi is a poll for consolidating expert views on an issue using ratings and arguments.
description: Pohl C 2020. Delphi poll. td-net toolbox profile (14). Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences: td-net toolbox for co-producing knowledge. www.transdisciplinarity.ch/toolbox. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716976
Insulinotropic and Muscle Protein Synthetic Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids: Potential Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes and Sarcopenia
Creators: name: Manders, Ralph J.
name: Little, Jonathan P.
name: Forbes, Scott C.
name: Candow, Darren G.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging (i.e., sarcopenia) has a negative effect on functional independence and overall quality of life. One main contributing factor to sarcopenia is the reduced ability to increase skeletal muscle protein synthesis in response to habitual feeding, possibly due to a reduction in postprandial insulin release and an increase in insulin resistance. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), primarily leucine, increases the activation of pathways involved in muscle protein synthesis through insulin-dependent and independent mechanisms, which may help counteract the “anabolic resistance” to feeding in older adults. Leucine exhibits strong insulinotropic characteristics, which may increase amino acid availability for muscle protein synthesis, reduce muscle protein breakdown, and enhance glucose disposal to help maintain blood glucose homeostasis.
Molecular characterization of rotavirus isolates from select Canadian pediatric hospitals
Creators: name: McDermid, Andrew
name: Le Saux, Nicole
name: Grudeski, Elsie
name: Bettinger, Julie A.
name: Manguiat, Kathy
name: Halperin, Scott A.
name: MacDonald, Lily
name: Déry, Pierre
name: Embree, Joanne
name: Vaudry, Wendy
name: Booth, Timothy F.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Background: We report the first multi-site rotavirus genotype analysis in Canada. Prior to this study, there was a dearth of rotavirus G and P genotyping data in Canada. Publically funded universal rotavirus vaccination in Canada started in 2011 and has been introduced by four provinces to date. Uptake of rotavirus vaccines in Canada prior to 2012 has been very limited. The aim of this study was to describe the genotypes of rotavirus strains circulating in Canada prior to widespread implementation of rotavirus vaccine by genotyping samples collected from selected paediatric hospitals. Secondly we identified rotavirus strains that differed genetically from those included in the vaccines and which could affect vaccine effectiveness. Methods: Stool specimens were collected by opportunity sampling of children with gastroenteritis who presented to emergency departments. Samples were genotyped for G (VP7) genotypes and P (VP4) genotypes by hemi-nested multiplex PCR methods. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on Canadian G9 strains to investigate their relationship to G9 strains that have circulated in other regions of the world. Results: 348 samples were collected, of which 259 samples were rotavirus positive and genotyped. There were 34 rotavirus antigen immunoassay negative samples genotyped using PCR-based methods. Over the four rotavirus seasons, 174 samples were G1P[8], 45 were G3P[8], 22 were G2P[4], 13 were G9P[8], 3 were G4P[8] and 2 were G9P [4]. Sequence analysis showed that all Canadian G9 isolates are within lineage III. Conclusions: Although a limited number of samples were obtained from a median of 4 centres during the 4 years of the study, it appears that currently approved rotavirus vaccines are well matched to the rotavirus genotypes identified at these hospitals. Further surveillance to monitor the emergence of rotavirus genotypes in Canada is warranted.
Whose Language is Urdu?
Creators: name: Abbi, Anvita
name: Hasnain, Imtiaz
name: Kidwai, Ayesha
Publisher: name: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics
Year: 2017

description: One important aspect of the socio-political location of Urdu is the culturally accepted relationship of its "sisterhood" with Hindi. Independent India has, however, seen this sisterhood re-interpreted as a conflation of religious and linguistic identity, by which Urdu in particular has come to be represented as the language of Muslims. In this paper, we present the findings of a field survey in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Mysore, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, which show that speakers of Urdu resist this identfication, and explicitly characterise both the language as well as their linguistic practices in terms of the shared and syncretic culture of India.
description: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics, Nr. 24 (2004): Whose Language is Urdu?
title: Calabacín :
title: Directrices para la ejecución del examen de la distinción, la homogeneidad y la estabilidad.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants..,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants
Year: 0
Subjects: New Varieties of Plants
Vegetable Marrow
Group identity.

description: La finalidad de estas directrices (“directrices de examen”) es elaborar los principios que figuran en la Introducción General (documento TG/1/3) y sus documentos TGP conexos, con objeto de que sirvan de orientación práctica y detallada para el examen armonizado de la distinción, homogeneidad y estabilidad (DHE) y en particular, para identificar los caracteres apropiados para el examen DHE y producir descripciones armonizadas de variedades.
Relating Spirituality and Politics: Love, Marriage or Friendship?
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Vasanthi
Publisher: name: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics
Year: 2017

description: In India, we often hear that "Hindu spirituality" ought to inform and energize the Indian enactment of liberalism, secularism and democracy. In this paper, I examine the diverse ways in which three less-known Indian thinkers such as Ananda Coomaraswamy, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari relate spirituality and politics. I argue that there are at least three visions of what spiritualized politics might look like; the first variant, amplified in Coomaraswamy, argues for a "traditional" theory of government as an imitation of cosmic order. The ruling metaphor is of a marriage between the spiritual and temporal powers with the Brahmin-priest as the exemplary spiritual figure. The second variant, exemplified in Radhakrishnan, proceeds from an experiential account of spiritual life and argues for a deepening of modern ideals of freedom and democracy through emancipatory political praxis. The ruling metaphor is love of the whole and the exemplary figure is the saint-activist. The third variant, based on Rajagopachari, proceeds from spirituality as ordinary devotion that ensues in moral virtues. Unlike the priest-husband or saint-lover who aspire to anchor politics in first principles, the mature devotee works for a "spirited" politics where reasonableness, courage and friendliness may prevail.
description: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics, Nr. 22 (2004): Relating Spirituality and Politics: Love, Marriage or Friendship?
National Minority Rights in the Himalayas
Creators: name: Sonntag, Selma K.
Publisher: name: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics
Year: 2017

description: India is a multicultural liberal democratic state. It is also a poor, overpopulated Third World country. Many modernization theorists have assumed that these two descriptors were at odds, or at least sequentially determined with economic development a necessary pre-condition for democracy, and hence predicted the failure of the Indian experiment because of its "fissiparous tendencies." More contemporary comparative political scientists have attempted more sophisticated and nuanced explanations of the Indian experiment than what modernization theorists offered. Also recently political theorists have increasingly turned their attention to multiculturalism. In this paper, I use a particular type of accommodation made by the Indian state to cultural diversity, constitutionally prescribed in the Sixth Schedule for parts of Assam but increasingly applied elsewhere in the northern stretches of Indian territory, to investigate contributions of recent liberal theory to understanding India's multiculturalism. One of the most prominent political theorists in recent times in the West is Will Kymlicka, who weds multiculturalism to liberalism in his liberal theory of minority rights. The mainstay of his theory is his distinction between national minorities and immigrant ethnic groups. Through this distinction he describes and prescribes accommodations made by the liberal state to cultural diversity. Although he admits that there are gray areas or "hard cases" that challenge his categorization, his "approach" has been "to draw clear lines in muddy waters." Can Kymlickian lines be drawn in the sediment-filled streams flowing down from the Himalayas? Do Kymlicka's categories, and, more generally, his theory help us understand India's liberal multiculturalism as practiced in the Himalayan foothills of north India?
description: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics, Nr. 21 (2004): National Minority Rights in the Himalayas
Occupational Stigma as a Primary Barrier To Health Care For Street-Based Sex Workers in Canada
Creators: name: Lazarus, Lisa
name: Deering, Kathleen N.
name: Nabess, Rose
name: Gibson, Kate
name: Tyndall, Mark
name: Shannon, K.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Individuals working in the sex industry continue to experience many negative health outcomes. As such, disentangling the factors shaping poor health access remains a critical public health priority. Within a quasi-criminalised prostitution environment, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of occupational stigma associated with sex work and its relationship to barriers to accessing health services. Analyses draw on baseline questionnaire data from a community-based cohort of women in street-based sex work in Vancouver, Canada (2006–8). Of a total of 252 women, 141 (58.5%) reported occupational sex work stigma (defined as hiding occupational sex work status from family, friends and/or home community), while 125 (49.6%) reported barriers to accessing health services in the previous six months. In multivariable analysis, adjusting for socio-demographic, interpersonal and work environment risks, occupational sex work stigma remained independently associated with an elevated likelihood of experiencing barriers to health access. Study findings indicate the critical need for policy and societal shifts in views of sex work as a legitimate occupation, combined with improved access to innovative, accessible and non-judgmental health care delivery models for street-based sex workers that include the direct involvement of sex workers in development and implementation.
Efficacy of self assessment and reflective journals
Creators: name: Venkatesan, S.
name: Stojcevski, A.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Problem Based Learning (PBL) has attracted wide attention ever since its inception. Literature identifies PBL as one of the best alternative pedagogy to Instructive Learning (IL), whilst challenges in assessing the success of PBL have also been widely reported. Unlike Instructive Learning wherein examination is the major assessment component, PBL has number of components at its disposal: portfolio, oral presentations, interviews, role play, position paper, peer assessment, self assessment, reflective journal and so on. In the School of Engineering and Science at Victoria University, Australia, often combinations of these assessment techniques are used to facilitate effective learning. A final summative grade is provided as a measure of student learning with appropriate formative feedback. It is to be noted that the assessments can be conducted at various times of the semester. This provides a sampling of the learning process across the semester but does not provide a continuum. Current trends of monitoring the learning process is centered around e-learning such as Wikipedia or custom designed tools. In this paper, the authors have analysed the process of learning using the (student) self assessment survey distributed at the start of the semester and the reflective journal submitted towards the end of the semester. The questionnaire focussed on PBL assessments, group work, resources, skill sets required to undertake PBL and the role of facilitators. Students were asked to provide both quantitative (rating scale 1 to 5) and qualitative feedback in the form of comments. Students were given total freedom as far as the reflective journals were concerned. Questionnaires were analysed quantitatively, whilst the qualitative comments were extracted from the reflective journal. There was a clear correlation between good reflective journals and the corresponding portfolio grades. Thus the self assessment questionnaire and the reflective journals were useful in capturing the learning process.
Why Ricardo’s Theory of Comparative Advantage Regarding Foreign Trade Doesn’t Work in Today’s Global Economy
Creators: name: Murdock, Charles W.
Publisher: name: University of Bologna Law Review
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Global Trade; Comparative Advantage; Labor Arbitrage; Technology Transfer; Industrial Policy
subject: E27; P52; O47

description: This article first analyzes Ricardo’s theorem, not just his argument in favor of comparative advantage, but also the conditions that are necessary for the theory to work, namely, that capital is loyal to the country of origin and that currencies will adjust to level out imbalances in trade. It then traces the flow of foreign direct investment into China and the basis for that flow – cheap labor. It then analyzes China’s manipulation of the yuan and the changes in the relative valuation of currencies. The next section of the article addresses China’s entry into the World Trade Organization and its failure to live up to its agreement to move to a market-based economy. China’s reliance on state owned enterprises, its subsidization of export and high-tech industries, and its direct and indirect coercion of technological transfer and know-how from the U. S. and other countries – all stand in opposition to the principles to which other countries have agreed in connection with their participation in the World Trade Organization. A critical factor that is not been understood in connection with global trade is that the transfer of dual-use technology to China also carries with it national security implications. The next sections look at forced technology transfer and China’s military goals, including its policy to be both industrially and militarily self-sufficient, something United States needs to be likewise. This leads to a discussion of industrial policy. China has clearly articulated its industrial policy and the steps that it will take to implement it. The United States cannot afford, either from the standpoint of providing good paying jobs for its citizens, or from the standpoint of being a leader in research and development, or from the standpoint of national security, to be dependent upon products originating from, or supply chains running through, other countries – particularly when such countries are hostile to the United States. The conclusion asserts that Sen. Rubio’s “Made in China 2025 and the Future of American Industry” may be the opening of a critically necessary dialogue on the need for, and nature of, an industrial policy for the United States. Just relying upon the mantra that free trade benefits all, and supporting such mantra on the basis that it is “proved” by Ricardo’s theorem of comparative advantage, is to put our head in the sand and ignore the evidence set forth in this article.
description: University of Bologna Law Review, Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
From Dharma to Law and Back? Postmodern Hindu Law in a Global World
Creators: name: Menski, Werner
Publisher: name: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics
Year: 2017

description: It is an observable fact now that Indian law has developed over the past few decades, away from the outwardly postcolonial and partly aggressively modernist presuppositions of the 1940s and 1950s, towards an embarrassed self-critical assessment of the present and an almost anxious vision of the future. This is what I portray here as a postmodern approach. The earlier, almost blind belief in modernisation and its inherent promises of progress has been replaced by a typically Hindu form of trust in the possibility of a better future, for which all concerned parties have to work. One might call this the dharma of postmodern Hindu law. Building on Masaji Chiba's jurisprudential models my paper's analysis of recent developments in Indian family law and constitutional law illustrates how and why Indian law makers have lost faith in the alleged superiority of western models and have begun to remember some of their own fragments of legal history and conceptual elements which are now reconstructed as building bricks for postmodern Hindu law and Indian laws. Typically, therefore, these postmodern laws tend to manifest themselves in complex processes that involve reconstruction of today's laws by reference to presumably indigenous norms and values as well as Western models. It looks messy and inconsistent, but there is a deeper sense of purpose behind individual developments. This means, then, that the earlier exclusive reliance on modern western models has had to give space for a renewed and vigorous hybridisation of Indian laws and other legal systems. Postmodern Hindu law and postmodern Indian laws are today found in an ongoing process of reconstruction. This is nothing new in itself, since we should long ago have learnt to see all laws as dynamic processes. What is new, however, and thus difficult to comprehend for some, is that 'tradition' and Hindu traditional concepts as legal postulates, for that is what they are, should have become so critical as ingredients of postmodern law making in India. In a global context, this means that Hindu law is neither dead nor defunct, but it has the potential to serve as an instructive model of how postmodern laws are created and operate in practice.
description: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics, Nr. 20 (2004): From Dharma to Law and Back? Postmodern Hindu Law in a Global World
The Tragedy of the “Tragedy of the Commons”: Why Coining Too Good a Phrase Can Be Dangerous
Creators: name: Hawkshaw, Robert Stephen
name: Hawkshaw, Sarah
name: Sumaila, Ussif Rashid
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: A deep reading of Hardin (1968) reveals that he had a lot more to say about the use and regulation of resources such as fisheries than he is given credit for in the literature. It appears that he is typically cited just so that authors can use the phrase “tragedy of the commons” to invoke the specter of looming catastrophe and then tie that to whatever solution they have proposed. We argue in this contribution that there is a lot more in Hardin’s essay that either contradicts or greatly complicates the arguments he is cited as an authority for.
Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?
Creators: name: Jaffrelot, Christophe
Publisher: name: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics
Year: 2017

description: Violence between Hindus and Muslims is a structural given of Indian society. One finds its traces very early in the country’s history, a fact that can drive the analyst to explain the phenomenon by referring to the incompatibility of Hindu and Muslim cultures. However, those historians interested in the phenomenon have always emphasized the economic dimension of the rivalry between Hindus and Muslims, which springs from territorial conflicts or commercial competition. Among sociologists and political scientists, this approach has found favour with many authors more or less inclined to Marxist categories. The interpretation of violence between Hindus and Muslims that I have suggested during the last wave of riots between 1989 and 1992 is very different. This interpretation values the role of politics in two complementary aspects, the ethno-religious ideology and the exploitation of communal issues by political parties. Indeed, research on communal riots in India after 1947 suggests that these riots largely originate from a distorted idea – ideology – of the Other; the Hindu though representing an overwhelming majority, often perceive of the Muslims as a ‘fifth column’ threatening them from within Indian society. And the Hindu nationalist parties, which have codified this ideological pattern, employ it for electoral means in the course of campaigns laying the ground for the outbreak of violence. These parties have, in fact, learned to mobilise Hindus against Muslims on the basis of real or presumed ‘sacred’ issues since the emergence of electoral politics in colonial times. Their goal is to provoke such kinds of riots in order to polarise the electorate along the religious cleavage more effectively. This explanatory model of Hindu-Muslim riots has to be verified again in the light of the Gujarat riots of 2002. Moreover, these riots also commit us to reconfirm the role of the Hindu nationalist party. The latter has to be weighted even more heavily due to the events in Gujarat, for the party held political power in that State. This state of things explains the rather exceptional intensity of the Gujarat riots. Because, this time, communal violence was not so much a reflection of the common logic of communal riots in India, but rather the result of an organised pogrom with the approval of the State acting not only with the electoral agenda in mind, but also in view of a veritable ethnic cleansing. Beyond that, the intensity of the riots has also demonstrated that this kind of violence has triggered a feedback in society even among groups so far less inclined to ethnic nationalism like, for example, the tribals. But there is an effect of yet another political strategy at work, which reminds us of the ideological core of our explanatory model: the more and more thorough diffusion of Hindutva in reaction to a fear of Jihad.
description: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics, Nr. 17 (2003): Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?
title: A rare case of posterior fossa teratoma in an adult
Creators: name: Ramos Sánchez, Rebeca de Jesús
name: Gudiño Bravo, Alberto
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 36-year-old woman presented with holocranial headache, accompanied by dizziness and nausea for 6 months. She subsequently developed projectile vomiting and visited the emergency department, where she was referred to our institution with a diagnosis of infratentorial haemorrhage and probable vascular malformation.

description: 36 years, female
The effect of a trunk release maneuver on Peak Pressure Index, trunk displacement and perceived discomfort in older adults seated in a high Fowler’s position : a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Best, Krista L.
name: Desharnais, Guylaine
name: Boily, Jeanette
name: Miller, William C.
name: Camp, Pat
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: Pressure ulcers pose significant negative individual consequences and financial burden on the healthcare system. Prolonged sitting in High Fowler’s position (HF) is common clinical practice for older adults who spend extended periods of time in bed. While HF aids in digestion and respiration, being placed in a HF may increase perceived discomfort and risk of pressure ulcers due to increased pressure magnitude at the sacral and gluteal regions. It is likely that shearing forces could also contribute to risk of pressure ulcers in HF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low-tech and time-efficient Trunk Release Manuever (TRM) on sacral and gluteal pressure, trunk displacement and perceived discomfort in ambulatory older adults. Method: A randomized controlled trial was used. We recruited community-living adults who were 60 years of age and older using posters, newspaper advertisements and word-of-mouth. Participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group (n = 59) received the TRM, while the control group (n = 58) maintained the standard HF position. Results: The TRM group had significantly lower mean (SD) PPI values post-intervention compared to the control group, 59.6 (30.7) mmHg and 79.9 (36.5) mmHg respectively (p = 0.002). There was also a significant difference in trunk displacement between the TRM and control groups, +3.2 mm and −5.8 mm respectively (p = 0.005). There were no significant differences in perceived discomfort between the groups. Conclusion: The TRM was effective for reducing pressure in the sacral and gluteal regions and for releasing the trunk at the point of contact between the skin and the support surface, but did not have an effect on perceived discomfort. The TRM is a simple method of repositioning which may have important clinical application for the prevention of pressure ulcers that may occur as a result of HF.
Measuring Conflicts in South Asian Countries (1945-2002)
Creators: name: Pfetsch, Frank R.
Publisher: name: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics
Year: 2017

description: In this contribution I would like to focus on the four countries in South Asia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh as a region of conflicts, ask questions about the specific conflict constellations existing in the region and by applying indicator oriented empirical research to the four countries I try to explain the political confrontations occurring during the period between 1945 and 2002. This article is structured according to the following logic: First of all, the structural reality of a country’s endangerment/insecurity and support/security as well as - deduced from this - its ability to resolve conflicts are operationalized and put into measurable quantities. In this way we identify the regime’s political management capabilities and, independent of the measurements mentioned before, its character. Then, the variable ‘conflict’, which is to be explained, is presented and the modality of resolving conflicts is considered. Finally, an index of resolution is calculated that shows which states and which regimes can or could respectively best deal with conflicts. At the same time, the index serves to identify specifically endangered states and through pointing out the supporting factors to discuss the possibilities of non-violent ways to resolve conflicts.
description: Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics, Nr. 12 (2002): Measuring Conflicts in South Asian Countries (1945-2002)
Cultures of risk and their influence on birth in rural British Columbia
Creators: name: Kornelsen, Jude, 1965-
name: Grzybowski, Stefan
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: A significant number of Canadian rural communities offer local maternity services in the absence of caesarean section back-up to parturient residents. These communities are witnessing a high outflow of women leaving to give birth in larger centres to ensure immediate access to the procedure. A minority of women choose to stay in their home communities to give birth in the absence of such access. In this instance, decision-making criteria and conceptions of risk between physicians and parturient women may not align due to the privileging of different risk factors. Methods In-depth qualitative interviews and focus groups with 27 care providers and 43 women from 3 rural communities in B.C. Results When birth was planned locally, physicians expressed an awareness and acceptance of the clinical risk incurred. Likewise, when birth was planned outside the local community, most parturient women expressed an awareness and acceptance of the social risk incurred due to leaving the community. Conclusions The tensions created by these contrasting approaches relate to underlying values and beliefs. As such, an awareness can address the impasse and work to provide a resolution to the competing prioritizations of risk.
title: Courgette :
title: Principes directeurs pour la conduite de l’examen de la distinction, de l’homogénéité et de la stabilité.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants..,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants
Year: 0
Subjects: Group identity.
New Varieties of Plants
Vegetable Marrow

description: Ces principes directeurs (“principes directeurs d’examen”) visent à approfondir les principes énoncés dans l’introduction générale (document TG/1/3) et dans les documents TGP qui s’y rapportent afin de donner des indications concrètes détaillées pour l’harmonisation de l’examen de la distinction, de l’homogénéité et de la stabilité (DHS) et, en particulier, à identifier des caractères convenant à l’examen DHS et à la production de descriptions variétales harmonisées.
Cell phone use and traffic crash risk : A culpability analysis
Creators: name: Asbridge, Mark
name: Brubacher, Jeffrey
name: Chan, Herbert
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2022

description: Background The use of a cell phone or communication device while driving is illegal in many jurisdictions, yet evidence evaluating the crash risk associated with cell phone use in naturalistic settings is limited. This article aims to determine whether cell phone use while driving increases motor vehicle crash culpability. Method Drivers involved in crashes where police reported cell phone use (n¼312) and propensity matched drivers (age, sex, suspect alcohol/ drug impairment, crash type, date, time of day, geographical location) without cell phone use (n¼936) were drawn from Insurance Corporation of British Columbia Traffic Accident System data. A standardized scoring tool, modified to account for Canadian driving conditions, was used to determine crash culpability from police reports on all drivers from the crashes. The association between crash culpability and cell phone use was determined, with additional subgroup analyses based on crash severity, driver characteristics and type of licence. Results A comparison of crashes with vs without cell phones revealed an odds ratio of 1.70 (95% confidence interval 1.22–2.36; P¼0.002). This association was consistent after adjustment for matching variables and other covariates. Subgroup analyses demonstrated an association for male drivers, unimpaired drivers, injured and noninjured drivers, and for drivers aged between 26 and 65 years. Conclusions Crash culpability was found to be significantly associated with cell phone use by drivers, increasing the odds of a culpable crash by 70% compared with drivers who did not use a cell phone. This increased risk was particularly high for middle-aged drivers
Decreased miR-192 expression in peripheral blood of asthmatic individuals undergoing an allergen inhalation challenge
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Masatsugu
name: Singh, Amrit
name: Ruan, Jian
name: Gauvreau, Gail M.
name: O’Byrne, Paul M., 1951-
name: R Carlsten, Christopher
name: FitzGerald, J. M.
name: Boulet, Louis-Philippe
name: Tebbutt, Scott J.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. While they have been implicated in various diseases, the profile changes in allergen inhalation challenge are not clarified in human. We aimed to evaluate changes in the microRNA profiles in the peripheral blood of asthmatic subjects undergoing allergen inhalation challenge. Results: Seven mild asthmatic subjects participated in the allergen inhalation challenge. In addition, four healthy control subjects (HCs) were recruited. MicroRNA profiles in peripheral blood samples (pre-challenge and 2 hours post-challenge) were measured by the NanoString nCounter assay to determine changes in miRNA levels as these asthmatic subjects underwent an allergen inhalation challenge. One common miRNA, miR-192, was significantly expressed in both comparisons; HCs vs. pre-challenge and pre- vs. post-challenge, showing that miR-192 was significantly under-expressed in asthmatics compared to HCs and decreased in post-challenge at an FDR of 1%. Cell-specific statistical deconvolution attributed miR-192 expression in whole blood to PBMCs. MiR-192 was technically validated using real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showing that the level in asthmatics (pre-challenge) was significantly lower than HCs and that post-challenge was significantly lower than pre-challenge. The normalized relative miR-192 expression quantified using RT-qPCR specific to PBMCs was also validated. Ontology enrichment and canonical pathway analyses for target genes suggested several functions and pathways involved in immune response and cell cycle. Conclusions: The miRNA profile in peripheral blood was altered after allergen inhalation challenge. Change in miR-192 levels may be implicated in asthma mechanisms. These results suggest that allergen inhalation challenge is a suitable method to characterize peripheral miRNA profiles and potentially elucidate the mechanism of human asthma.
Building theories of knowledge translation interventions: Use the entire menu of constructs
Creators: name: Brehaut, Jamie C
name: Eva, Kevin W
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: In the ongoing effort to develop and advance the science of knowledge translation (KT), an important question has emerged around how theory should inform the development of KT interventions. Discussion Efforts to employ theory to better understand and improve KT interventions have until recently mostly involved examining whether existing theories can be usefully applied to the KT context in question. In contrast to this general theory application approach, we propose a ‘menu of constructs’ approach, where individual constructs from any number of theories may be used to construct a new theory. By considering the entire menu of available constructs, rather than limiting choice to the broader level of theories, we can leverage knowledge from theories that would never on their own provide a complete picture of a KT intervention, but that nevertheless describe components or mechanisms relevant to it. We can also avoid being forced to adopt every construct from a particular theory in a one-size-fits-all manner, and instead tailor theory application efforts to the specifics of the situation. Using audit and feedback as an example KT intervention strategy, we describe a variety of constructs (two modes of reasoning, cognitive dissonance, feed forward, desirable difficulties and cognitive load, communities of practice, and adaptive expertise) from cognitive and educational psychology that make concrete suggestions about ways to improve this class of intervention. Summary The ‘menu of constructs’ notion suggests an approach whereby a wider range of theoretical constructs, including constructs from cognitive theories with scope that makes the immediate application to the new context challenging, may be employed to facilitate development of more effective KT interventions.
Over prescription of antibiotics for adult pharyngitis is prevalent in developing countries but can be reduced using McIsaac modification of Centor scores: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Palla, Amber H
name: Khan, Rafeeq A
name: Gilani, Anwar H
name: Marra, Fawziah
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: Although Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) can cause bacterial pharyngitis, the most common etiology is viral; despite this viral etiology, antibiotics are commonly prescribed for this infection in industrialized countries. We investigated the prevalence of GABHS in adult pharyngitis patients from lower socioeconomic settings in Karachi, Pakistan, how often antibiotics are prescribed for pharyngitis and if appropriate agents were used in a developing world setting. Finally, we wanted to see the usefulness of modified McIsaac scores in predicting positive cultures. Methods Adult patients were recruited from three local hospital outpatient dispensaries (OPDs). All patients aged 14–65 years who were suspected of having bacterial pharyngitis had throat swabs taken. Laboratory results for GABHS pharyngitis were then compared with their prescriptions. Appropriateness (using the World Health Organization’s definition) and type of antibiotic prescribed were assessed. Results Of 137 patients, 30 patients each were studied for scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3; 17 patients were studied for score 4. Although 6 (4.4%) patients were GABHS+, for a prevalence of 43.8 per 1000 population, antibiotics were prescribed to 135 patients (98.5%). Of these, only 11.1% received appropriate antibiotics while 88.9% received inappropriate antibiotics. Penicillins were prescribed most (34.1%), especially amoxicillin/clavulanate; followed by macrolides (31.1%), especially the second-generation agents, and fluoroquinolones (14.8%). McIsaac scores were found to be 100% sensitive and 68.7% specific, giving a positive predictive value (PPV) of 12.7% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. Conclusions Antibiotics were prescribed irrationally to adult pharyngitis patients, as most cultures were negative for bacterial infection. McIsaac modification of Centor scores related directly to culture results. We would therefore highly recommend its use to help family physicians make treatment decisions for adult pharyngitis patients.
Postgraduate essentials: an online transition program for commencing PhD students
Creators: name: Larcombe, Wendy
name: McCosker, Anthony
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Postgraduate Essentials is the first online interactive course in Australia designed to build an inclusive postgraduate learning community while delivering integrated candidature information, transition advice and academic skills support to students in their first year of PhD candidature. In content and focus, Postgraduate Essentials aims to complement and enhance traditional research supervision to ensure that an increasingly diverse student population has access to information, skills support and an active peer-network. It does this by facilitating new PhD students' transition to a research environment and their membership of the postgraduate student community, and by providing support to develop the academic and professional skills that underpin successful completion of common first year PhD requirements. This paper reflects on the experiences of the Language and Academic Skills (LAS) advisers on the Postgraduate Essentials project team, and on students' participation in and evaluations of the program in 2004. We focus on the unexpectedly high enrolment of on-campus students who already have access to face-to-face academic skills programs. We observe that student expectations regarding levels and modes of academic skills support, coupled with the resource-intensive nature of multimedia development, create additional demands on LAS advisers' time, skills and resources. For projects such as Postgraduate Essentials to be sustainable, we recommend a collaborative approach that utilises the skills and expertise of key staff in different areas of teaching and support.
Promoting information literacy through collaborative service learning in an undergraduate research course
Creators: name: Janke, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Information literacy is an important foundation for evidence-based nursing practice. Librarians, the experts in information literacy, are important collaborators in the process of teaching nursing students information literacy skills. In this article we describe a service learning project, offered in a third year nursing research course, designed to teach information literacy and to enhance students’ appreciation of the role of evidence in nursing practice. Students worked in groups, and under the guidance of a nursing instructor and librarian, to answer a question posed by practice-based partners. Through the project students learned essential skills of refining a question, identifying systematic search strategies, gleaning essential information from a study and using a bibliographic management tool. Evaluation of the project indicated that although the project was challenging and labour intensive students felt they learned important skills for their future practice. Several recommendations for further enhancing the collaboration are made.
Differential Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Adhesion to Cerebral Microvascular Endothelium by the β-Chemokines CCL2 and CCL3
Creators: name: Liu, Kenneth KY
name: Dorovini-Zis, Katerina
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: In Multiple sclerosis (MS), circulating lymphocytes cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate at sites of antigenic challenge. This process depends on specific interactions between lymphocytes and cerebral microvascular endothelium that involve endothelial activation by cytokines and the presence of chemokines. Chemokines play a key role in the orchestration of immune responses, acting both as chemoattractants and activators of leukocyte subsets. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the β-chemokines, CCL2 and CCL3, on the adhesion of CD4+ T cell subsets to human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMEC). Chemokines added to the lower compartment of a two-chamber chemotaxis system under confluent resting or cytokine-activated HBMEC, diffused through the culture substrate and bound to the basal surface of HBMEC. The low rate of adhesion of naïve, resting and memory CD4+ T cells to resting HBMEC was significantly upregulated following treatment of HBMEC with TNF-α and IFN-g. Recently activated CD4+ T cells readily adhered to resting monolayers. Concentration gradients of CCL2 upregulated the adhesion of activated CD4+ T cells to cytokine treated but not resting HBMEC. The presence of CCL3 in the lower chamber increased the adhesion of memory T cells to both unstimulated and cytokine-treated HBMEC. These findings emphasize the importance of brain endothelial cell activation and the role of CCL2 and CCL3 in regulating the adhesion of CD4+ T cell subsets to BBB endothelium, thus contributing to the specificity of immune responses in MS.
Design Thinking
Creators: name: Pearce, BinBin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: transdisciplinary research
knowledge co-production
Design Thinking
method

description: This publication describes Design Thinking as a tool and is part of a series of tools and methods compiled in the td-net toolbox for co-producing knowledge (www.transdisciplinarity.ch/toolbox).
 Design Thinking is an iterative methodology for (re)framing problems and co-creating implementable solutions using visual thinking and prototyping.
description: Pearce B 2020. Design Thinking. td-net toolbox profile (11). Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences: td-net toolbox for co-producing knowledge. www.transdisciplinarity.ch/toolbox. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3717021
Emancipatory boundary critique
Creators: name: Pohl, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This publication describes the emancipatory boundary critique and is part of a series of tools and methods compiled in the td-net toolbox for co-producing knowledge (www.transdisciplinarity.ch/toolbox).
 Emancipatory boundary critique consists of a set of questions supporting non-experts in critically challenging an expert’s suggested solution to a problem and the solution’s social and ecological implications.
description: Pohl C 2020. Emancipatory Boundary Critique. td-net toolbox profile (1). Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences: td-net toolbox for co-producing knowledge. www.transdisciplinarity.ch/toolbox. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3717029
Revolutionizing Agriculture: The Rise of Vertical Farming
Creators: name: Mo Akram1, Sarvda Nand Tiwari1, Vipin Kumar Roshan1, Khwahiz Ali1
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Vertical farming is a groundbreaking agricultural method that is revolutionizing the way we grow food. Unlike traditional farming, which relies on vast expanses of land, vertical farming utilizes vertical space to cultivate crops in stacked layers, often within controlled indoor environments. This innovative approach addresses critical challenges facing agriculture, such as land scarcity, water shortages, and climate change, by maximizing efficiency and sustainability. At its core, vertical farming offers a multitude of advantages. By stacking crops vertically, it minimizes the need for large plots of land, making it feasible to grow food in urban areas or regions with limited available space. Furthermore, controlled indoor environments enable year-round cultivation, ensuring a consistent and reliable food supply regardless of seasonal changes or weather fluctuations. Additionally, vertical farming systems often incorporate advanced technologies like hydroponics or aeroponics, which use significantly less water than traditional soil-based agriculture, thereby conserving precious freshwater resources and reducing environmental impact.
Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (Garches) - Michèle Lejaille
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 1 fichier (2 pages).