cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmic Shear Cosmology Beyond 2-Point Statistics: A Combined Peak Count and Correlation Function Analysis of DES-Y1
Creators: name: Harnois-Déraps, Joachim
name: Martinet, Nicolas
name: Castro, Tiago
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Giblin, Benjamin
name: Heymans, Catherine
name: Hildebrandt, Hendrik
name: Xia, Qianli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain cosmological parameters from a joint cosmic shear analysis of peak-counts and the two-point shear correlation functions, as measured from the Dark Energy Survey (DES-Y1). We find the structure growth parameter $S_8\equiv σ_8\sqrt{Ω_{\rm m}/0.3} = 0.766^{+0.033}_{-0.038}$, which at 4.8% precision, provides one of the tightest constraints on $S_8$ from the DES-Y1 weak lensing data. In our simulation-based method we determine the expected DES-Y1 peak-count signal for a range of cosmologies sampled in four $w$CDM parameters ($Ω_{\rm m}$, $σ_8$, $h$, $w_0$). We also determine the joint covariance matrix with over 1000 realisations at our fiducial cosmology. With mock DES-Y1 data we calibrate the impact of photometric redshift and shear calibration uncertainty on the peak-count, marginalising over these uncertainties in our cosmological analysis. Using dedicated training samples we show that our measurements are unaffected by mass resolution limits in the simulation, and that our constraints are robust against uncertainty in the effect of baryon feedback. Accurate modelling for the impact of intrinsic alignments on the tomographic peak-count remains a challenge, currently limiting our exploitation of cross-correlated peak counts between high and low redshift bins. We demonstrate that once calibrated, a fully tomographic joint peak-count and correlation functions analysis has the potential to reach a 3% precision on $S_8$ for DES-Y1. Our methodology can be adopted to model any statistic that is sensitive to the non-Gaussian information encoded in the shear field. In order to accelerate the development of these beyond-two-point cosmic shear studies, our simulations are made available to the community upon request.
description: 27 pages, 23 figures, updated to MNRAS accepted version
title: Comparison of acoustic, electric and laser contactless displacement measurements applied to observe nonlinear behaviour of diaphragm movement in dynamic loudspeakers
Creators: name: Kmiecik, Michał
name: Pluta, Marek J.
Publisher: name: Publishing House of Poznan University of Technology
Year: 2023

description: Vibrations in Physical Systems, 34(2), 2023203-1 - 2023203-12
Flares in long and short Gamma-Ray Bursts: a common origin in a hyperaccreting accretion disk
Creators: name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Armitage, Philip J.
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early-time X-ray observations of GRBs with the Swift satellite have revealed a more complicated phenomenology than was known before. In particular, the presence of flaring activity on a wide range of time scales probably requires late-time energy production within the GRB engine. Since the flaring activity is observed in both long and short GRBs, its origin must be within what is in common for the two likely progenitors of the two classes of bursts: a hyperaccreting accretion disk around a black hole of a few solar masses. Here, we show that some of the observational properties of the flares, such as the duration-time scale correlation, and the duration-peak luminosity anticorrelation displayed by most flares within a given burst, are qualitatively consistent with viscous disk evolution, provided that the disk at large radii either fragments or otherwise suffers large amplitude variability. We discuss the physical conditions in the outer parts of the disk, and conclude that gravitational instability, possibly followed by fragmentation, is the most likely candidate for this variability.
description: Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Temperature dependence of spectral functions for the one-dimensional Hubbard model: comparison with experiments
Creators: name: Abendschein, A.
name: Assaad, F. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the temperature dependence of the single particle spectral function as well as of the dynamical spin and charge structure factors for the one-dimensional Hubbard model using the finite temperature auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. The parameters of our simulations are chosen so to at best describe the low temperature photoemission spectra of the organic conductor TTF-TCNQ. Defining a magnetic energy scale, T_J, which marks the onset of short ranged 2k_f magnetic fluctuations, we conclude that for temperatures T < T_J the ground state features of the single particle spectral function are apparent in the finite temperature data. Above T_J spectral weight transfer over a scale set by the hopping t is observed. In contrast, photoemission data points to a lower energy scale below which spectral weight transfer occurs. Discrepancies between Hubbard model calculations and experiments are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 7 Figures
Dynamical bar instability in a relativistic rotational core collapse
Creators: name: Saijo, Motoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the rotational core collapse of a rapidly rotating relativistic star by means of a 3+1 hydrodynamical simulations in conformally flat spacetime of general relativity. We concentrate our investigation to the bounce of the rotational core collapse, since potentially most of the gravitational waves from it are radiated around the core bounce. The dynamics of the star is started from a differentially rotating equilibrium star of T/W ~ 0.16 (T is the rotational kinetic energy and W is the gravitational binding energy of the equilibrium star), depleting the pressure to initiate the collapse and to exceed the threshold of dynamical bar instability. Our finding is that the collapsing star potentially forms a bar when the star has a toroidal structure due to the redistribution of the angular momentum at the core bounce. On the other hand, the collapsing star weakly forms a bar when the star has a spheroidal structure. We also find that the bar structure of the star is destroyed when the torus is destroyed in the rotational core collapse. Since the collapse of a toroidal star potentially forms a bar, it can be a promising source of gravitational waves which will be detected in advanced LIGO.
description: 12 pages with 8 figures, revtex4.cls. Physical Review D71, 104038 (2005)
Cosmological constraints on string scale and coupling arising from tachyonic instability
Creators: name: Enqvist, Kari
name: Jokinen, Asko
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
name: Multamaki, Tuomas
name: Vaihkonen, Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that string motivated inflation ending via tachyonic instability leaves a detectable imprint on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation by virtue of the excitation of non-Gaussian gravitational fluctuations. The present WMAP bound on non-Gaussianity is shown to constrain the string scale by $M_S/M_P\leq 10^{-4}$ for string coupling $g_{s}<0.1$, hence improving the existing bounds. If tachyon fluctuations during inflation are not negligible, we find the stringent constraint $g_s\sim 10^{-9}$ for $M_{S}/M_{P}<10^{-3}$. This case may soon be ruled out by the forthcoming CMB non-Gaussinianity bounds.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, typo corrected, discussion and references added
Confusing Head-On Collisions with Precessing Intermediate-Mass Binary Black Hole Mergers
Creators: name: Bustillo, Juan Calderón
name: Sanchis-Gual, Nicolas
name: Torres-Forné, Alejandro
name: Font, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a degeneracy between the gravitational-wave signals from quasi-circular precessing black-hole mergers and those from extremely eccentric mergers, namely head-on collisions. Performing model selection on numerically simulated signals of head-on collisions using models for quasi-circular binaries we find that, for signal-to-noise ratios of 15 and 25, typical of Advanced LIGO observations, head-on mergers with respective total masses of $M\in (125,300)M_\odot$ and $M\in (200,440)M_\odot$ would be identified as precessing quasi-circular intermediate-mass black hole binaries, located at a much larger distance. Ruling out the head-on scenario would require to perform model selection using currently nonexistent waveform models for head-on collisions, together with the application of astrophysically motivated priors on the (rare) occurrence of those events. We show that in situations where standard parameter inference of compact binaries may report component masses inside (outside) the pair-instability supernova gap, the true object may be a head-on merger with masses outside (inside) this gap. We briefly discuss the potential implications of these findings for the recent gravitational-wave detection GW190521, which we analyse in detail in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 081101].
description: 10 pages, 9 Figures. Version accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett. Includes Supplementary Material
National Open Access Monitor: OpenAIRE Visualisation Samples: Advisory Group Review
Creators: name: Ferris, Catherine
name: OpenAIRE Non-Profit Civil Partnership
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: open access
open access monitoring
visualisations
advisory group

description: This contains three files:

The OpenAIRE "National Open Access Report for Ireland Visualisation samples" (PDF)

The National Open Access Monitor Advisory Group review form, to capture preferences (PDF)

The National Open Access Monitor Advisory Group review results (csv)

Review goal: to capture the National Open Access Monitor Advisory Group preferences of the options presented by OpenAIRE in the National Open Access Report for Ireland Visualisation Samples document. The samples document:

Presents a series of visual presentations to finalize selections for Monitor dashboards and the Report.

The focus centers on types/colours of Open Access (OA) and the aspects of unrealized OA.

The Advisory Group review took place between 27th November 2023 and 5th December 2023. The Advisory Group selected option 5.
Harkianakis, Stylianos: Orthodoxe Kirche und Katholizismus
Creators: name: Felmy, K. Christian
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 24 Nr. 4 (1975): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 24, Heft 4
Effects of Zeeman spin splitting on the modular symmetry in the quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Hang, D. R.
name: Dunford, R. B.
name: Kim, Gil-Ho
name: Yeh, H. D.
name: Huang, C. F.
name: Ritchie, D. A.
name: Farrer, I.
name: Zhang, Y. W.
name: Liang, C. -T.
name: Chang, Y. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic-field-induced phase transitions in the integer quantum Hall effect are studied under the formation of paired Landau bands arising from Zeeman spin splitting. By investigating features of modular symmetry, we showed that modifications to the particle-hole transformation should be considered under the coupling between the paired Landau bands. Our study indicates that such a transformation should be modified either when the Zeeman gap is much smaller than the cyclotron gap, or when these two gaps are comparable.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Lepton charge and neutrino mixing in pion decay processes
Creators: name: Blasone, Massimo
name: Capolupo, Antonio
name: Terranova, Francesco
name: Vitiello, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider neutrino mixing and oscillations in quantum field theory and compute the neutrino lepton charge in decay processes where neutrinos are generated. We also discuss the proper definition of flavor charge and states and clarify the issues of the possibility of different mass parameters in field mixing.
description: 13 pages
Statistics of a single sky: constrained random fields and the imprint of Bardeen potentials on galaxy clustering
Creators: name: Desjacques, Vincent
name: Ginat, Yonadav Barry
name: Reischke, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the implications of a single observer's viewpoint on measurements of galaxy clustering statistics. We focus on the Bardeen potentials, which imprint characteristic scale-dependent signatures in the observed galaxy power spectrum. The existence of an observer breaks homogeneity as it singles out particular field values at her/his position, like a spontaneous symmetry breaking. As a result, spatial averaging of the data must be performed while holding the Bardeen potentials fixed at the observer's position. In practice, this can be implemented with the formalism of constrained random fields. In the traditional Cartesian Fourier decomposition, this constraint imprints a signature in the observed galaxy power spectrum at wavenumber comparable to the fundamental mode of the survey. This effect, which is well within the cosmic variance, is the same for all observers regardless of their local environment because differences of potential solely are observable. In a spherical Bessel Fourier decomposition, this constraint affects the monopole of the observed galaxy distribution solely, like in CMB data. As a corollary, the scale-dependence of the non-Gaussian bias induced by a local primordial non-Gaussianity is not significantly affected by the observer's viewpoint.
description: 10 pages, one figure (v1) submitted to MNRAS (v2) in press in MNRAS
One Dimensional Gas of Bosons with Feshbach Resonant Interactions
Creators: name: Gurarie, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of a gas of bosons confined in one dimension with Feshbach resonant interactions, at zero temperature. Unlike the gas of one dimensional bosons with non-resonant interactions, which is known to be equivalent to a system of interacting spinless fermions and can be described using the Luttinger liquid formalism, the resonant gas possesses novel features. Depending on its parameters, the gas can be in one of three possible regimes. In the simplest of those, it can still be described by the Luttinger liquid theory, but its Fermi momentum cannot be larger than a certain cutoff momentum dependent on the details of the interactions. In the other two regimes, it is equivalent to a Luttinger liquid at low density only. At higher densities its excitation spectrum develops a minimum, similar to the roton minimum in helium, at momenta where the excitations are in resonance with the Fermi sea. As the density of the gas is increased further, the minimum dips below the Fermi energy, thus making the ground state unstable. At this point the standard ground state gets replaced by a more complicated one, where not only the states with momentum below the Fermi points, but also the ones with momentum close to that minimum, get filled, and the excitation spectrum develops several branches. We are unable so far to study this new regime in detail due to the lack of the appropriate formalism.
description: 20 pages, 18 figures
AGRICULTURE-BASED DEVELOPMENT: A SAM PERSPECTIVE ON CENTRAL VIET NAM
Creators: name: Bautista, Romeo M.
name: Bautista, Romeo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Development

description: As in most low-income countries, the majority of the poor population in Viet Nam is found in rural areas, where agriculture provides the primary means of livelihood. It has been argued that an agriculture-based development (ABD) strategy is more appropriate for Viet Nam at the present time than both import-substitution and export-led industrialization, considering its effectiveness in generating income opportunities, directly and indirectly, for the rural population. Under the ABD strategy, increased public resources allocated to agriculture and the rural sector would lead to rising agricultural productivity and rural income that in turn would create a strong demand for increased nonagricultural production in the local economy, especially of labor-intensive industrial goods and services. It is in effect a decentralized, employment-generating industrialization strategy that can lead to favorable outcomes in overall income growth and distribution. The Central Region in Viet Nam is the least developed among the three macro-regions, the rapid economic expansion during the 1990s having been concentrated in the southern and northern areas. Because Central Viet Nam is even more heavily agricultural than the rest of the country, the argument for adopting an ABD strategy would seem to apply with greater force. In this paper we make use of SAM (social accounting matrix) multiplier analysis in examining quantitatively the comparative economy-wide repercussions of exogenous income increases in agriculture (such as that arising from productivity growth) in Central Viet Nam, paying particular attention to the effects on overall income growth and equity. The equity impact is evaluated in terms of the induced relative changes on the incomes of four households groups distinguished in the study. Some policy implications of the results are discussed, emphasizing the role of macroeconomic policies in helping promote equitable growth in Central Viet Nam.
Inelastic form factors to alpha particle condensate states in 12C and 16O: what can we learn ?
Creators: name: Funaki, Y.
name: Tohsaki, A.
name: Horiuchi, H.
name: Schuck, P.
name: Roepke, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to discuss the spatial extention of the second 0+ state of 12C (Hoyle state), we analyze the inelastic form factor of electron scattering to the Hoyle state, which our 3 alpha condensate wave function reproduces very well like previous 3 alpha RGM/GCM models. The analysis is made by varying the size of the Hoyle state artificially. As a result, we find that only the maximum value of the form factor sensitively depends on its size, while the positions of maximum and minimum are almost unchanged. This size dependence is found to come from a characteristic feature of the transition density from the ground state to the Hoyle state. We further show the theoretical predictions of the inelastic form factor to the second 2+ state of 12C, which was recently observed above the Hoyle state, and of the inelastic form factor to the calculated third 0+ state of 16O, which was conjectured to correspond to the 4 alpha condensed state in previous theoretical work by the present authors.
description: 5 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C (R)
Penalized quasi-maximum likelihood estimation for extreme value models with application to flood frequency analysis
Creators: name: Bücher, Axel
name: Lilienthal, Jona
name: Kinsvater, Paul
name: Fried, Roland
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Regionalization
subject: Index flood assumption
subject: Generalized extreme value distribution
subject: Consistency with rate
subject: Tuning parameter selection
subject: 310

description: A common statistical problem in hydrology is the estimation of annual maximal river flow distributions and their quantiles, with the objective of evaluating flood protection systems. Typically, record lengths are short and estimators imprecise, so that it is advisable to exploit additional sources of information. However, there is often uncertainty about the adequacy of such information, and a strict decision on whether to use it is difficult. We propose penalized quasi-maximum likelihood estimators to overcome this dilemma, allowing one to push the model towards a reasonable direction defined a priori. We are particularly interested in regional settings, with river flow observations collected at multiple stations. To account for regional information, we introduce a penalization term inspired by the popular Index Flood assumption. Unlike in standard approaches, the degree of regionalization can be controlled gradually instead of deciding between a local or a regional estimator. Theoretical results on the consistency of the estimator are provided and extensive simulations are performed for the reason of comparison with other local and regional estimators. The proposed procedure yields very good results, both for homogeneous as well as for heterogeneous groups of sites. A case study consisting of sites in Saxony, Germany, illustrates the applicability to real data.
Florence O'Neill, a Newfoundland adult educator : alone in the wilderness
Creators: name: McManus, Katherine Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Florence O'Neill (1905-1990) played an important role as an adult educator in Newfoundland. Using her extraordinary ability to lead others and her unrelenting energy she dedicated her adult life to the field of adult education. O'Neill, in 1944, was the first person to earn a doctoral degree in adult education in what is now Canada. Later, as an administrator in the Department of Adult Education in the Newfoundland government, O'Neill sought to implement her vision of an integrated system for providing adult education programs to the people of Newfoundland. She developed that vision through the writing of her doctoral thesis entitled: "A Plan for the Development of an Adult Education Program for Rural Newfoundland." O'Neill's personal struggle to become educated and later her struggles to see her "Plan" implemented adds to the body of knowledge about adult education in Newfoundland at an embryonic time in its development and to the knowledge of the field of adult education in general.
Securing the EDK II Image Loader
Creators: name: Häuser, Marvin
name: Cheptsov, Vitaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is a standardised interface between the firmware and the operating system used in all x86-based platforms over the past ten years, which continues to spread to other architectures such as ARM and RISC-V. The UEFI incorporates a modular design based on images containing a driver or an application in a Common Object File Format (COFF) either as a Portable Executable (PE) or as a Terse Executable (TE). The de-facto standard generic UEFI services implementation, including the image loading functionality, is TianoCore EDK II. Its track of security issues shows numerous design and implementation flaws some of which are yet to be addressed. In this paper we outline both the requirements for a secure UEFI Image Loader and the issues of the existing implementation. As an alternative we propose a formally verified Image Loader supporting both PE and TE images with fine-grained hardening enabling a seamless integration with EDK II and subsequently with the other firmwares.
description: 10 pages, 2 tables
The Impact on Farm Profitability and Yield Efficiency of Bell Pepper Production of the Methyl Bromide Phase-Out Program in Georgia
Creators: name: Byrd, Mark M.
name: Fonsah, Esendugue Greg
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
name: Byrd, Mark M.
name: Fonsah, Esendugue Greg
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The elimination of methyl bromide (MeBr) has been a hot topic for policymakers for more than a decade. As a result, of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, signatory nations began implementing guidelines aimed at reducing or eliminating a variety of toxic substances, including MeBr, which has been identified as one of the toxic contributors to ozone depletion. In 1997 the Ninth Meeting of the Parties in Montreal recommended an accelerated phase-out schedule for MeBr. The accelerated phase-out program is a major concern to most U.S. farmers, and in particular to farmers in Georgia, where the product is used not only as an important soil fumigant but also to control both the yellow and purple nutsedge (Cyperus sp.). Furthermore, this chemical is used for the production of most of Georgia's economically important vegetable crops such as cucumber, eggplant, green pepper, tomato, squash, and zucchini. If MeBr is phased out without alternatives, the production of these crops will be impossible under Georgia weather conditions. The adverse economic impact to the State of Georgia will be devastating. Although most of the data used in previous economic-impact analyses regarding the elimination of MeBr has been obtained through the testing of tomatoes and strawberries in Florida and California, this study-which focuses on bell pepper production-is aimed at evaluating the economics of three alternative fumigants and herbicides and determining which alternative will provide the best yield, quality, and profitability for bell pepper in the absence of MeBr. An enterprise budget analysis revealed that C35 and KPAM provided the highest net returns: $1,768/acre.
Beyond the Barstool: an Ethnography of The Woodland Inn / Uncle Joe’s Woodpile
Creators: name: Umstodt, Sarah
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012

description: Items without attached files are embargoed at the request of the author.  To view the items in person please contact Goucher College Special Collections & Archives at archives@goucher.edu or (410) 337-6075 to obtain
description: In Beyond the Barstool, author Sarah Umstot simultaneously investigated and promoted sustainability through the utilization of skills in the areas of documentation, interviewing, participant observation fieldwork, primary source research, and partnership development to produce an ethnography based on Uncle Joe’s Woodpile, formerly the Woodland Inn, located in Short Gap, West Virginia. Her primary goal was to document and archive the memories and rich oral history that support this communal cultural landmark to inspire action that contributed to the continued cultural vitality and sustainability of the area. The Woodpile has helped shape family traditions, reinforce beloved musical preferences specific to the area, promote bonds between families and friends, bridge the gap between the young and the old, and foster a broadened sense of community among local residents. Specifically, she documented and compiled a series of interviews from past and present patrons, owners, lessees, and employees of The Woodpile. Photographic documentation accompanied each interview. The resulting data and materials culminated into an ethnography – literally, a graphing or describing of the people – of the Woodpile community. These interviews accompany photographs and historical documentation of relevance to the conversation or stories represented. The research presented here is complementary to the archival inventory of artifacts and historical documentation that Ms. Lara Justis has completed on a subject related to Uncle Joe’s Woodpile.
Evaluating the Nutrition Label: Its Use in and Impact on Purchasing Decisions by Consumers
Creators: name: Godwin, Sandria L.
name: Speller-Henderson, Leslie
name: Thompson, Cindy
name: Godwin, Sandria L.
name: Speller-Henderson, Leslie
name: Thompson, Cindy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Nutrition labels on food products-which are required for most prepared foods, such as breads, cereals, canned and frozen foods, snacks, desserts, drinks, etc.-were first mandated in the early 1970s. They were revised extensively in 1992 as part of the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA). Recently the Food and Drug Administration called for public comment on proposed changes to the program and solicited research related to the use and impact of the current label. In response to this request, a short consumer survey was conducted with 160 persons to see if they use the label, and, if so, which parts they use and their opinions about the usefulness of the current label. The majority of the respondents said they read the label most of the time before purchasing food, with 21% stating they almost always do to. Parts of the label read most frequently were the calorie, fat, sugar, and fiber contents. Percentages of daily values were read less often, as were the health-related statements and the list of ingredients. Approximately half of those who consumed candy, bakery products, chips, or sodas-foods known to be high in calories-stated that they did not read the calorie content. Over two-thirds of the consumers felt confident that they understand how to read labels and said using a food label was better than relying on their own knowledge. However, the majority also though additional information about the label would be valuable. Most persons did not know the maximum calorie content of a low-calorie food, and stated that they would probably eat their favorite snack food even if it contained 400 calories per serving. Therefore, the calorie content of the food does not appear to have a major impact on the decision-making process. In conclusion, it was clear that the majority of the respondents used the label and perceived themselves as knowledgeable regarding its use. However, a more comprehensive survey is needed to measure the full extent of their knowledge and understanding.
Foundations of a we-perspective
Creators: name: Crone, Katja
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Collective intentionality
subject: We-perspective
subject: Intersubjectivity
subject: Phenomenal intentionality
subject: Implicit bias
subject: 100

description: What enables everyday collective attitudes such as the intention of two persons to go for a walk together? Most current approaches are concerned with full-fledged collective attitudes and focus on the content, the mode or the subject of such attitudes. It will be argued that these approaches miss out an important explanatory enabling feature of collective attitudes: an experiential state, called a “sense of us”, in which a we-perspective is grounded. As will be shown, the sense of us pre-structures collective intentional states and is thus relevant to an adequate understanding of collective attitudes. The argument receives indirect support by insights into distortions of interaction due to implicit stereotypes.
The role of General Relativity in the evolution of Low Mass X-ray Binaries
Creators: name: Lavagetto, Giuseppe
name: Burderi, Luciano
name: D'Antona, Francesca
name: Di Salvo, Tiziana
name: Iaria, Rosario
name: Robba, Natale Renato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs) and of millisecond binary radio pulsars (MSPs), with numerical simulations that keep into account the evolution of the companion, of the binary system and of the neutron star. According to general relativity, when energy is released, the system loses gravitational mass. Moreover, the neutron star can collapse to a black hole if its mass exceeds a critical limit, that depends on the equation of state. These facts have some interesting consequences: 1) In a MSP the mass-energy is lost with a specific angular momentum that is smaller than the one of the system, resulting in a positive contribution to the orbital period derivative. If this contribution is dominant and can be measured, we can extract information about the moment of inertia of the neutron star, since the energy loss rate depends on it. Such a measurement can therefore help to put constraints on the equation of state of ultradense matter. 2) In LMXBs below the bifurcation period (\sim 18 h), the neutron star survives the period gap only if its mass is smaller than the maximum non-rotating mass when the companion becomes fully convective and accretion pauses. Therefore short period (P < 2h) millisecond X-ray pulsar like SAX J1808.4-3658 can be formed only if either a large part of the accreting matter has been ejected from the system, or the equation of state of ultradense matter is very stiff. 3) In Low Mass X-ray binaries above the bifurcation period, the mass-energy loss lowers the mass transfer rate. As side effect, the inner core of the companion star becomes 1% bigger than in a system with a non-collapsed primary. Due to this difference, the final orbital period of the system becomes 20% larger than what is obtained if the mass-energy loss effect is not taken into account.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted by the MNRAS
Are Diets Converging Globally? A Comparison of Trends Across Selected Countries
Creators: name: Regmi, Anita
name: Unnevehr, Laurian J.
name: Regmi, Anita
name: Unnevehr, Laurian J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Converging food demand is tested in two ways. First, the convergence of food expenditures among 18 high-income countries is examined from 1990 to 2004. Convergence is apparent in total expenditures, cereals, and meats, but not in other categories. Second, specific food-retailing and product-introduction patterns are examined for selected countries. These indicate increasing shares for retail outlets selling standardized products and increased preference for convenience, upscale, and natural product attributes across all the countries examined.
From diffusive mass transfer in Stokes flow to low Reynolds number Marangoni boats
Creators: name: Ender, Hendrik
name: Kierfeld, Jan
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 530

description: We present a theory for the self-propulsion of symmetric, half-spherical Marangoni boats (soap or camphor boats) at low Reynolds numbers. Propulsion is generated by release (diffusive emission or dissolution) of water-soluble surfactant molecules, which modulate the air–water interfacial tension. Propulsion either requires asymmetric release or spontaneous symmetry breaking by coupling to advection for a perfectly symmetrical swimmer. We study the diffusion–advection problem for a sphere in Stokes flow analytically and numerically both for constant concentration and constant flux boundary conditions. We derive novel results for concentration profiles under constant flux boundary conditions and for the Nusselt number (the dimensionless ratio of total emitted flux and diffusive flux). Based on these results, we analyze the Marangoni boat for small Marangoni propulsion (low Peclet number) and show that two swimming regimes exist, a diffusive regime at low velocities and an advection-dominated regime at high swimmer velocities. We describe both the limit of large Marangoni propulsion (high Peclet number) and the effects from evaporation by approximative analytical theories. The swimming velocity is determined by force balance, and we obtain a general expression for the Marangoni forces, which comprises both direct Marangoni forces from the surface tension gradient along the air–water–swimmer contact line and Marangoni flow forces. We unravel whether the Marangoni flow contribution is exerting a forward or backward force during propulsion. Our main result is the relation between Peclet number and swimming velocity. Spontaneous symmetry breaking and, thus, swimming occur for a perfectly symmetrical swimmer above a critical Peclet number, which becomes small for large system sizes. We find a supercritical swimming bifurcation for a symmetric swimmer and an avoided bifurcation in the presence of an asymmetry.
description: Eur. Phys. J. E;44(1)
Globunio mirificus Chen, Dai, Huang & Wu 2025, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Dai, Yu-Ting
name: Chen, Zhong-Guang
name: Ouyang, Shan
name: Huang, Xiao-Chen
name: Wu, Xiao-Ping
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Unionida
Unionidae
Globunio
Globunio mirificus

description: Globunio mirificus Chen, Dai, Huang & Wu sp. nov.
Figs 4, 6 C, D
Holotype.
24_NCU_XPWU_GM 01, ♀, Honggutan District [红谷滩区], Nanchang City [南昌市], Jiangxi Province [江西省], China, 24.68146°N, 109.69794°E, leg. Zhong-Guang Chen & Yu-Ting Dai, September 2022.
Paratypes.
n = 10, 24_NCU_XPWU_GM 02, Honggutan District [红谷滩区], Nanchang City [南昌市], Jiangxi Province [江西省], China, 24.68146°N, 109.69794°E, leg. Zhong-Guang Chen, December 2021; 24_NCU_XPWU_GM 03 –11, other information same as holotype.
Diagnosis.
Same as the tribe.
Description.
Shell small-sized, elongated-globular, inflated, thick, solid. Anterior extremely short, inflated, and round; posterior long and flat. Anterior margin rounded, dorsal margin straightened, and slope downward at an obtuse angle, usually covered in fine upward wrinkles; ventral margin weakly curved. Umbo inflated, under dorsal margin, almost at the very front of the shell, often eroded. Central of shell with two rows of posterior dorsal spines (usually detached with only attachment marks), the anterior row longer and the posterior row shorter. Periostracum yellowish-green with olive-green rays and several thick growth lines. Hinge short and strong. Hinge developed. Left valve with two pseudocardinal teeth, anterior tooth small, triangular-shaped, posterior tooth well-developed, rectangular-shaped; right valve with a single well-developed, pyramidal pseudocardinal tooth. Both valves with two lateral teeth: left valve external weak, internal well-developed; right valve external well-developed, internal weak. Mantle attachment scars on the pallial line obvious. Anterior adductor muscle scars deep, samll; posterior adductor muscle scars shallow, orbicular-shaped. Umbo cavity open, deep. Nacre milky white.
Measurements.
Shell length 15.07–32.37 mm, width 9.83–21.54 mm, height 13.06–19.30 mm.
Etymology.
The species is named after the Latin mirificus for remarkable, referring to the remarkable shell morphology of this species.
Vernacular name.
奇异球蚌 (qí yì qiú bàng).
Distribution and ecology.
Known from three localities of the Changjiang River Basin: the Ganjiang River at Nanchang, the Dongtinghu Lake at Yueyang, and the Qingyijiang River at Wuhu (Fig. 5). Living in the slow-flowing rivers and lakes with muddy and sandy substrates alongside dozens of other freshwater mussels (Fig. 6).
description: Published as part of Dai, Yu-Ting, Chen, Zhong-Guang, Ouyang, Shan, Huang, Xiao-Chen & Wu, Xiao-Ping, 2025, A new tribe, genus, and species of freshwater mussel from the Changjiang River Basin in China (Bivalvia, Unionidae, Unioninae), pp. 779-790 in Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (2) on pages 779-790, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.151083
Topological and dynamical features of periodically driven spin ladders
Creators: name: Bomantara, Raditya Weda
name: Mu, Sen
name: Gong, Jiangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of periodically driven one-dimensional many-body systems have advanced our understanding of complex systems and stimulated promising developments in quantum simulation. It is hence of interest to go one step further, by investigating the topological and dynamical aspects of periodically driven spin ladders as clean quasi-one-dimensional systems with spin-spin interaction in the rung direction. Specifically, we find that such systems display subharmonic magnetization dynamics reminiscent to that of discrete time crystals (DTCs) at finite system sizes. Through the use of generalized Jordan-Wigner transformation, this feature can be attributed to presence of corner Majorana $π$ modes (MPMs), which are of topological origin, in the systems' equivalent Majorana lattice. Special emphasis is placed on how the coupling in the rung direction of the ladder prevents degeneracy from occurring between states differing by a single spin excitation, thus preserving the MPM-induced $π/T$ quasienergy spacing of the Floquet eigenstates in the presence of parameter imperfection. This feature, which is absent in their strict one-dimensional counterparts, may yield fascinating consequences in future studies of higher dimensional Floquet many-body systems.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Corrected an earlier mistake, but main results are unaffected and reinterpreted. Published in PRB
European Takeover Law — Towards a European Modified Business Judgment Rule for Takeover Law
Creators: name: Kirchner, Christian Wolfgang Friedrich
name: Painter, Richard
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Supervisory Board
subject: Target Company
subject: Hostile Takeover
subject: Tender Offer
subject: Defensive Measure
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
Local marker for interacting topological insulators
Creators: name: Markov, Anton
name: Rubtsov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological states of matter were first introduced for non-interacting fermions on an infinite uniform lattice. Since then, substantial effort has been made to generalize these concepts to more complex settings. Recently, local markers have been developed that can describe the topological state of systems without translational symmetry and well-defined gap. However, no local marker for interacting matter has been proposed yet that is capable of directly addressing an interacting system. Here we suggest such a many-body local marker based on the single-particle Green's function. Using this marker we identify topological transitions in finite lattices of a Chern insulator with Anderson disorder and Hubbard interactions. Importantly, our proposal can be straightforwardly generalised to non-equilibrium systems.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Nonequilibrium Cooper pairing in the nonadiabatic regime
Creators: name: Yuzbashyan, Emil A.
name: Altshuler, Boris L.
name: Kuznetsov, Vadim B.
name: Enolskii, Victor Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a complete solution for the mean-field dynamics of the BCS paired state with a large, but finite number of Cooper pairs in the non-adiabatic regime. We show that the problem reduces to a classical integrable Hamiltonian system and derive a complete set of its integrals of motion. The condensate exhibits irregular multi-frequency oscillations ergodically exploring the part of the phase-space allowed by the conservation laws. In the thermodynamic limit however the system can asymptotically reach a steady state.
description: 4 pages, no figures
Black Holes and WIMPs: All or Nothing or Something Else
Creators: name: Carr, Bernard
name: Kuhnel, Florian
name: Visinelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider constraints on primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range $( 10^{-18}\text{-}10^{15} )\,M_{\odot}$ if the dark matter (DM) comprises weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) which form halos around them and generate $γ$-rays by annihilations. We first study the formation of the halos and find that their density profile prior to WIMP annihilations evolves to a characteristic power-law form. Because of the wide range of PBH masses considered, our analysis forges an interesting link between previous approaches to this problem. We then consider the effect of the WIMP annihilations on the halo profile and the associated generation of $γ$-rays. The observed extragalactic $γ$-ray background implies that the PBH DM fraction is $f^{}_{\rm PBH} \lesssim 2 \times 10^{-9}\,( m_χ / {\rm TeV} )^{1.1}$ in the mass range $2 \times 10^{-12}\,M_{\odot}\,( m_χ / {\rm TeV} )^{-3.2} \lesssim M \lesssim 5 \times 10^{12}\,M_{\odot}\,( m_χ / {\rm TeV} )^{1.1}$, where $m_χ$ and $M$ are the WIMP and PBH masses, respectively. This limit is independent of $M$ and therefore applies for any PBH mass function. For $M \lesssim 2\times 10^{-12}\,M_{\odot}\,( m_χ/ {\rm TeV} )^{-3.2}$, the constraint on $f^{}_{\rm PBH}$ is a decreasing function of $M$ and PBHs could still make a significant DM contribution at very low masses. We also consider constraints on WIMPs if the DM is mostly PBHs. If the merging black holes recently discovered by LIGO/Virgo are of primordial origin, this would rule out the standard WIMP DM scenario. More generally, the WIMP DM fraction cannot exceed $10^{-4}$ for $M > 10^{-9}\,M_{\odot}$ and $m_χ > 10\,$GeV. There is a region of parameter space, with $M \lesssim 10^{-11}\,M_{\odot}$ and $m_χ \lesssim 100\,$GeV, in which WIMPs and PBHs can both provide some but not all of the DM, so that one requires a third DM candidate.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures and one table; Improved analysis with a much expanded appendix; updated reference list and minor details fixed; version resubmitted to journal
Guide: Ensuring sustainable access to data
Creators: name: CAB International
name: Open Data Institute
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2021

description: This guide is designed to help program officers and grantees ensure data created and used during a project continues to be useful and usable once that project ends. Although this may seem low priority at the start of an investment, planning for sustainable access to data from the beginning can benefit all stages of the work and support good data practices overall.
Equilibrium Sampling From Nonequilibrium Dynamics
Creators: name: Rousset, Mathias
name: Stoltz, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some applications of an Interacting Particle System (IPS) methodology to the field of Molecular Dynamics. This IPS method allows several simulations of a switched random process to keep closer to equilibrium at each time, thanks to a selection mechanism based on the relative virtual work induced on the system. It is therefore an efficient improvement of usual non-equilibrium simulations, which can be used to compute canonical averages, free energy differences, and typical transitions paths.