cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New evidence for strong nonthermal effects in Tycho's supernova remnant
Creators: name: Voelk, H. J.
name: Berezhko, E. G.
name: Ksenofontov, L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the case of Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) we present the relation between the blast wave and contact discontinuity radii calculated within the nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in SNRs. It is demonstrated that these radii are confirmed by recently published Chandra measurements which show that the observed contact discontinuity radius is so close to the shock radius that it can only be explained by efficient CR acceleration which in turn makes the medium more compressible. Together with the recently determined new value $E_{sn}=1.2\times 10^{51}$ erg of the SN explosion energy this also confirms our previous conclusion that a TeV gamma-ray flux of $(2-5)\times 10^{-13}$ erg/(cm$^2$s) is to be expected from Tycho's SNR. Chandra measurements and the HEGRA upper limit of the TeV gamma-ray flux together limit the source distance $d$ to $3.3\leq d\leq 4$ kpc.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science, Proc. of "The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-ray Sources (Third Workshop on the Nature of Unidentified High-Energy Sources)", Barcelona, July 4-7, 2006
2001 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Sugar
subject: Production
subject: Exports
subject: Consumption
subject: Ending Stocks.

description: This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2000-2010 by using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve over the next ten years after the current over supply is reduced. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in gradually increasing Caribbean sugar prices from 8.51 cents/lb in 2000 to 12.67 cents/lb in 2010. The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to increase from 22.5 cents/lb in 2000 to 26.6 cents/lb in 2010, if the United States maintains its sugar programs. World trade volumes of sugar are expected to expand slightly.
Satellite-to-Earth Quantum Key Distribution via Orbital Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Wang, Ziqing
name: Malaney, Robert
name: Burnett, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we explore the feasibility of performing satellite-to-Earth quantum key distribution (QKD) using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light. Due to the fragility of OAM states the conventional wisdom is that turbulence would render OAM-QKD non-viable in a satellite-to-Earth channel. However, based on detailed phase screen simulations of the anticipated atmospheric turbulence we find that OAM-QKD is viable in some system configurations, especially if quantum channel information is utilized in the processing of post-selected states. More specifically, using classically entangled light as a probe of the quantum channel, and reasonably-sized transmitter-receiver apertures, we find that non-zero QKD rates are achievable on sea-level ground stations. Without using classical light probes, OAM-QKD is relegated to high-altitude ground stations with large receiver apertures. Our work represents the first quantitative assessment of the performance of OAM-QKD from satellites, showing under what circumstances the much-touted higher dimensionality of OAM can be utilized in the context of secure communications.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. Manuscript improved (mainly some symbol changes) for better clarity. Comments are welcome
Study of deep inelastic inclusive and diffractive scattering with the ZEUS forward plug calorimeter
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep inelastic scattering and its diffractive component, ep -> e'gamma*p ->e'XN, have been studied at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 4.2 pb-1. The measurement covers a wide range in the gamma*p c.m. energy W (37 - 245 GeV), photon virtuality Q2 (2.2 - 80 GeV2) and mass Mx. The diffractive cross section for Mx > 2 GeV rises strongly with W; the rise is steeper with increasing Q2. The latter observation excludes the description of diffractive deep inelastic scattering in terms of the exchange of a single Pomeron. The ratio of diffractive to total cross section is constant as a function of W, in contradiction to the expectation of Regge phenomenology combined with a naive extension of the optical theorem to gamma*p scattering. Above Mx of 8 GeV, the ratio is flat with Q2, indicating a leading-twist behaviour of the diffractive cross section. The data are also presented in terms of the diffractive structure function, F2D(3)(beta,xpom,Q2), of the proton. For fixed beta, the Q2 dependence of xpom F2D(3) changes with xpom in violation of Regge factorisation. For fixed xpom, xpom F2D(3) rises as beta -> 0, the rise accelerating with increasing Q2. These positive scaling violations suggest substantial contributions of perturbative effects in the diffractive DIS cross section.
description: 87 pages, 25 figures
A glimpse of a Luttinger liquid
Creators: name: Zaliznyak, Igor A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of a Luttinger liquid has recently been established as a fundamental paradigm vital to our understanding of the properties of one-dimensional quantum systems, leading to a number of theoretical breakthroughs. Now theoretical predictions have been put to test by the comprehensive experimental study.
description: Unedited version of N&V article in Nature materials 4, 273 (2005)
Additional file 1 of A functional observational battery for evaluation of neurological outcomes in a rat model of acute bacterial meningitis
Creators: name: Fisher, Jane
name: Pavan, Chiara
name: Ohlmeier, Luisa S.
name: Nilson, Bo
name: Lundgaard, Iben
name: Linder, Adam
name: Bentzer, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary method 1. Growth of pneumococci.
Additional file 1 of A systematic review on pharmacokinetics, cardiovascular outcomes and safety profiles of statins in cirrhosis
Creators: name: Sung, Shuen
name: Al-Karaghouli, Mustafa
name: Kalainy, Sylvia
name: Garcia, Lourdes Cabrera
name: Abraldes, Juan G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Data.
The Sagnac Effect in curved space-times from an analogy with the Aharonov-Bohm Effect
Creators: name: Ruggiero, Matteo Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the natural splitting, the standard relative dynamics can be expressed in terms of gravito-electromagnetic fields, which allow to formally introduce a gravito-magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect. We showed elsewhere that this formal analogy can be used to derive the Sagnac effect in flat space-time as a gravito-magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect. Here, we generalize those results to study the General Relativistic corrections to the Sagnac effect in some stationary and axially symmetric geometries, such as the space-time around a weakly gravitating and rotating source, Kerr space-time, G\"{odel} universe and Schwarzschild space-time.
description: 14 pages, 1 EPS figure, LaTeX, accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitation
Additional file 2 of Demographic, behavioral, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population: results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi)
Creators: name: Alhabib, Khalid F.
name: Batais, Mohammed A.
name: Turky H. Almigbal
name: Alshamiri, Mostafa Q.
name: Altaradi, Hani
name: Rangarajan, Sumathy
name: Yusuf, Salim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Additional Table 2. Risks of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia according to age.
Additional file 3 of Demographic, behavioral, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population: results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi)
Creators: name: Alhabib, Khalid F.
name: Batais, Mohammed A.
name: Turky H. Almigbal
name: Alshamiri, Mostafa Q.
name: Altaradi, Hani
name: Rangarajan, Sumathy
name: Yusuf, Salim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Additional Table 3. Risks of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in urban and rural populations.
Combinatorics of bicubic maps with hard particles
Creators: name: Bouttier, J.
name: Di Francesco, P.
name: Guitter, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a purely combinatorial solution of the problem of enumerating planar bicubic maps with hard particles. This is done by use of a bijection with a particular class of blossom trees with particles, obtained by an appropriate cutting of the maps. Although these trees have no simple local characterization, we prove that their enumeration may be performed upon introducing a larger class of "admissible" trees with possibly doubly-occupied edges and summing them with appropriate signed weights. The proof relies on an extension of the cutting procedure allowing for the presence on the maps of special non-sectile edges. The admissible trees are characterized by simple local rules, allowing eventually for an exact enumeration of planar bicubic maps with hard particles. We also discuss generalizations for maps with particles subject to more general exclusion rules and show how to re-derive the enumeration of quartic maps with Ising spins in the present framework of admissible trees. We finally comment on a possible interpretation in terms of branching processes.
description: 41 pages, 19 figures, tex, lanlmac, hyperbasics, epsf. Introduction and discussion/conclusion extended, minor corrections, references added
Photoluminescence at the ground state level anticrossing of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
Creators: name: Ivády, Viktor
name: Zheng, Huijie
name: Wickenbrock, Arne
name: Bougas, Lykourgos
name: Chatzidrosos, Georgios
name: Nakamura, Kazuo
name: Sumiya, Hitoshi
name: Ohshima, Takeshi
name: Isoya, Junichi
name: Budker, Dmitry
name: Abrikosov, Igor A.
name: Gali, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nitrogen-vacancy center (NV center) in diamond at magnetic fields corresponding to the ground state level anticrossing (GSLAC) region gives rise to rich photoluminescence (PL) signals due to the vanishing energy gap between the electron spin states, which enables to have an effect on the NV center's luminescence for a broad variety of environmental couplings. In this article we report on the GSLAC photoluminescence signature of NV ensembles in different spin environments at various external fields. We investigate the effects of transverse electric and magnetic fields, P1 centers, NV centers, and the $^{13}$C nuclear spins, each of which gives rise to a unique PL signature at the GSLAC. The comprehensive analysis of the couplings and related optical signal at the GSLAC provides a solid ground for advancing various microwave-free applications at the GSLAC, including but not limited to magnetometry, spectroscopy, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection. We demonstrate that not only the most abundant $^{14}$NV center but the $^{15}$NV can also be utilized in such applications and that nuclear spins coupled to P1 centers can be polarized directly by the NV center at the GSLAC, through a giant effective nuclear $g$-factor arising from the NV center-P1 center-nuclear spin coupling. We report on new alternative for measuring defect concentration in the vicinity of NV centers and on the optical signatures of interacting, mutually aligned NV centers.
Additional file 4 of Demographic, behavioral, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population: results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi)
Creators: name: Alhabib, Khalid F.
name: Batais, Mohammed A.
name: Turky H. Almigbal
name: Alshamiri, Mostafa Q.
name: Altaradi, Hani
name: Rangarajan, Sumathy
name: Yusuf, Salim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Additional Table 4. Characteristics of the PURE-Saudi study vs past studies that have assessed the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Saudi Arabia.
CCD photometry of distant open clusters NGC 2425, Haffner 10 and Czernik 29
Creators: name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Kaluzny, J.
name: Krzeminski, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present BVI photometry for poorly known southern hemisphere open clusters: NGC 2425, Haffner 10 and Czernik 29. We have calculated the density profile and established the number of stars in each cluster. The colour-magnitude diagrams of the objects show a well-defined main sequence. However, the red giant clump is present only in NGC 2425 and Haffner 10. For these two clusters we estimated the age as 2.5 +/- 0.5 Gyr assuming metallicity of Z=0.008. The apparent distance moduli are in the ranges 13.2
description: 5 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Input Substitution in the Spanish Food Industry
Creators: name: Alarcón, Silverio
name: Alarcón, Silverio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: translog
subject: elasticity of substitution
subject: generalized method of moments
subject: returns to scale

description: Firm panel data sets over the period 1993 to 2002 are used to estimate translog production functions with labour, capital and material inputs for 9 Spanish food industries. To tackle the endogeneity of the regressors, the generalized method of moments estimations is employed. The specification tests reject the instrument variables only for 1 out of 9 estimates. The remaining 8 industries show evidence of homogeneity and constant returns to scale. Only one industry exhibits complete separability of all pairs of factors and thus translog is preferred to Cobb-Douglas specification for 7 industries. Substitutability and complementarity between production factors in response to price changes are studied through Morishima and Shadow elasticities. Substitutability between labor and capital and complementarity between labor and materials are the most common relationships.
Velocity selection problem for combined motion of melting and solidification fronts
Creators: name: Brener, Efim A.
name: Temkin, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a free boundary problem for two moving solid-liquid interfaces that strongly interact via the diffusion field in the liquid layer between them. This problem arises in the context of liquid film migration (LFM) during the partial melting of solid alloys. In the LFM mechanism the system chooses a more efficient kinetic path which is controlled by diffusion in the liquid film, whereas the process with only one melting front would be controlled by the very slow diffusion in the mother solid phase. The relatively weak coherency strain energy is the effective driving force for LFM. As in the classical dendritic growth problems, also in this case an exact family of steady-state solutions with two parabolic fronts and an arbitrary velocity exists if capillary effects are neglected. We develop a velocity selection theory for this problem, including anisotropic surface tension effects. The strong diffusion interaction and coherency strain effects in the solid near the melting front lead to substantial changes compared to classical dendritic growth.
description: submitted to PRL
Tunable effective g-factor in InAs nanowire quantum dots
Creators: name: Björk, M. T.
name: Fuhrer, A.
name: Hansen, A. E.
name: Larsson, M. W.
name: Jensen, L. E.
name: Samuelson, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report tunneling spectroscopy measurements of the Zeeman spin splitting in InAs few-electron quantum dots. The dots are formed between two InP barriers in InAs nanowires with a wurtzite crystal structure grown by chemical beam epitaxy. The values of the electron g-factors of the first few electrons entering the dot are found to strongly depend on dot size and range from close to the InAs bulk value in large dots |g^*|=13 down to |g^*|=2.3 for the smallest dots. These findings are discussed in view of a simple model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The Horizon Problem Reconsidered
Creators: name: Olesen, Henrik Ballebye
name: Olesen, Henrik Ballebye
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: cooperatives
subject: investment incentives
subject: financial structure

description: This paper challenges the general view in the literature that cooperatives underinvest, because some members will exit the cooperative before the full benefits from their investments are harvested (the horizon problem). This paper demonstrates that full equity redemption will solve the horizon problem. The majority of members will, however, bias the exit payment to their own advantage. This will lead to overinvestment. Thus, the main finding in this paper is that if there is a horizon problem, it will lead to overinvestment - not underinvestment.
Conversion to Organic Farming in Mainland Portugal
Creators: name: Costa, Leonardo
name: Sottomayor, Miguel
name: Ribeiro, Ricardo
name: Costa, Leonardo
name: Sottomayor, Miguel
name: Ribeiro, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: organic farming
subject: conversion
subject: conversion grade markets
subject: market premium prices
subject: CAP payments

description: The objectives of the research were: i) to assess the in-conversion period as a barrier impeding farms conversion to organic; ii) to assess the potential of conversion-grade markets in removing this barrier; iii) to identify other barriers (drives) along the food chain impeding (easing) farms conversion in mainland Portugal. Results show that the in-conversion period is not the major barrier to conversion nor is a good idea the set-up of conversion grade markets to help Portuguese farms' conversion. Conversion feasibility depends of the organic market premium prices, in intensive farms, and of the CAP organic agri-environmental area payments, in extensive farms.
A study of population needs-based funding applied to health care and physician services in British Columbia
Creators: name: Kolbuch, Kathryn Patricia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The BC Ministry of Health has developed a Population Needs-Based Funding (PNBF) model, which allocates funding to Health Regions based on the characteristics and utilization patterns of the residents of their region. The model has several flaws that limit its ability for successful implementation. Technical flaws include extensive data quality issues, poor population segmentation techniques and the reliance on outdated data. The model is sensitive to small data variations, leading to variations in regional funding allocations. The model's intrinsic reliance on historical utilization rates and the absence of defined performance measures, core services, and an implementation plan affect its ability to effectively resolve the current inequities in fund distribution. A survey was deployed to solicit physician opinion on the PNBF model and the potential regionalization of the Medical Services Plan (MSP) budget. The respondents demonstrated little support for the prospect of regionalized funding, for both the delivery of health care services and physician remuneration. Yet, little satisfaction was expressed with the current funding system, with physicians voicing frustrations with the bureaucracy and politics affecting their ability to deliver quality patient care. The regionalization of the MSP budget would likely confine physician fee negotiations to the regional level. The legal agreements currently in place do not explicitly restrict the regionalization of the MSP budget, but restrict the administration of such change. Physicians would potentially be subjected to changes in their access to resources, their level of professional autonomy, pay equity, and the administration of remuneration. The BC PNBF model is unsatisfactory. Further development and analysis of alternate funding formulas is recommended, including exploration of the applicability of Adjusted Clinical Groups. As well, input from stakeholders including patients and physicians must be considered in future model development.
Colossal Negative Magnetoresistance Effect in A La$_{1.37}$Sr$_{1.63}$Mn$_2$O$_7$ Single Crystal Grown by Laser-Diode-Heated Floating-Zone Technique
Creators: name: Wu, Si
name: Zhu, Yinghao
name: Xia, Junchao
name: Zhou, Pengfei
name: Ni, Haiyong
name: Li, Hai-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have grown La$_{1.37}$Sr$_{1.63}$Mn$_2$O$_7$ single crystals with a laser-diode-heated floating-zone furnace and studied the crystallinity, structure, and magnetoresistance (MR) effect by in-house X-ray Laue diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, and resistance measurements. The La$_{1.37}$Sr$_{1.63}$Mn$_2$O$_7$ single crystal crystallizes into a tetragonal structure with space group \emph{I}4{/}\emph{mmm} at room temperature. At 0 T, the maximum resistance centers around $\sim$166.9 K. Below $\sim$35.8 K, it displays an insulating character with an increase in resistance upon cooling. An applied magnetic field of \emph{B}~=~7~T strongly suppresses the resistance indicative of a negative MR effect. The minimum MR value equals $-$91.23\% at 7 T and 128.7 K. The magnetic-field-dependent resistance shows distinct features at 1.67, 140, and 322 K, from which we calculated the corresponding MR values. At 14 T and 140 K, the colossal negative MR value is down to $-$94.04(5)\%. We schematically fit the MR values with different models for an ideal describing of the interesting features of the MR value versus \emph{B} curves.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Non-extensive RMT Approach to Mixed Regular-Chaotic Dynamics
Creators: name: Abul-Magd, A. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply Tsallis's q-indexed entropy to formulate a non-extensive random matrix theory (RMT), which may be suitable for systems with mixed regular-chaotic dynamics. The joint distribution of the matrix elements is given by folding the corresponding quantity in the conventional random matrix theory by a distribution of the inverse matrix-element variance. It keeps the basis invariance of the standard theory but violates the independence of the matrix elements. We consider the sub-extensive regime of q more than unity in which the transition from the Wigner to the Poisson statistics is expected to start. We calculate the level density for different values of the entropic index. Our results are consistent with an analogous calculation by Tsallis and collaborators. We calculate the spacing distribution for mixed systems with and without time-reversal symmetry. Comparing the result of calculation to a numerical experiment shows that the proposed non-extensive model provides a satisfactory description for the initial stage of the transition from chaos towards the Poisson statistics.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 2 of A systematic review on pharmacokinetics, cardiovascular outcomes and safety profiles of statins in cirrhosis
Creators: name: Sung, Shuen
name: Al-Karaghouli, Mustafa
name: Kalainy, Sylvia
name: Garcia, Lourdes Cabrera
name: Abraldes, Juan G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Research Protocol.
Conformal invariant pomeron interaction in the perurbative QCD with large N_c
Creators: name: Braun, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An effective non-local quantum field theory is constructed, which describes interaction of pomerons in the high-coloured QCD. The theory includes both splitting and merging triple pomeron vertexes and diagrams with pomeronic loops. The Schwinger-Dyson equations for the 'physical' pomeron are written. Conformal invariance allows to reduce the theory to the old-fashioned Gribov pomeron theory with an infinite number of pomerons, one of which is supercritical.
description: 20 pages in LaTex
Determinants of the Extension of Part-time Farming--Results from a Probit Approach
Creators: name: Harsche, Johannes
name: Harsche, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: probit models
subject: part-time farming
subject: microeconomic household models
subject: employment behaviour
subject: labour markets

description: This paper presents a Probit model explaining the employment decisions of farmers located in the German State of Hesse. The model is based on a cross-section analysis including data from 74 Hessian farmers. It indicates empirically a strong impact from wages on employment decisions of farmers. It also verifies the importance of the personal type of entrepreneur for their working behaviour. Finally, we can conclude that, regarding working behaviour, farmers react to signals from the labour market conditions as well as to the structural transformation process in the agricultural sector.
High transverse momentum inclusive neutral pion production in d+Au collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: Grebenyuk, O.
name: Mischke, A.
name: Stolpovsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Preliminary results are presented on high-pT inclusive neutral pion production in d+Au collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 200 GeV in the pseudo-rapidity range 0 < eta < 1. Photons from the decay pi0->gamma,gamma are detected in the Barrel electromagnetic calorimeter of the STAR experiment at RHIC. The analysis procedure is described in detail and the results are found to be in good agreement with earlier STAR findings and with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, poster proceedings of Quark Matter conference, Budapest (Hungary), 4-9 August 2005
Effect of strain on the electrical transport and magnetization of the epitaxial Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3/La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/ Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 trilayer structures
Creators: name: Padhan, P.
name: Prellier, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Epitaxial trilayer structures consisting of two antifferomagnetic charge/orbital order insulators Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (PCMO) and La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (LCMO) are grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates. In this trilayer series, a thin film of LCMO with various thicknesses is sandwiched between the two fixed thicknesses of PCMO. These samples show a Curie temperature with a hysteretic field dependent magnetization at 10 K, although the individual compounds are antiferromagnetic. The zero field electronic transport of all samples on LAO shows thermally activated behavior, while the thermally activated behavior is suppressed and a metal-like transport is appearing for the samples on STO as the LCMO layer thickness increases above 10 unit cell. We have discussed these magnetic and transport properties of the trilayer structures on STO and LAO by the interfacial effect due to the stabilized CO state and the vibration mode of Jahn-Teller distortion.
description: To be pubslised in Phys. Rev. B
The Impact of EU Accession in Romania: An Analysis of Regional Development Policy Effects by a Multiregional I-O Model
Creators: name: Bonfiglio, Andrea
name: Bonfiglio, Andrea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: EU accession
subject: rural development
subject: structural actions
subject: policy impact
subject: multiregional I-O model

description: The objective of this article is to assess labour income and employment effects in Romania coming from rural development and structural policies defined in the proposed 2007-09 EU accession financial package. The methodology used is based on a multiregional I-O model derived by a three-stage estimation procedure. Main results show that EU accession will lead to large positive effects in Romania, which vary according to the region considered. In this connection, the South and the North- East regions are those on which benefits tend to concentrate. Finally, policy would seem to reduce regional and sectoral income disparities, leading to more balanced development. On the contrary, in terms of employment, policy would increase divergences, albeit, from an analysis of single region economy, a general tendency to a reduction of sector disparities is noticed.
Heterogeneous Task Offloading and Resource Allocations via Deep Recurrent Reinforcement Learning in Partial Observable Multi-Fog Networks
Creators: name: Baek, Jungyeon
name: Kaddoum, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: As wireless services and applications become more sophisticated and require faster and higher-capacity networks, there is a need for an efficient management of the execution of increasingly complex tasks based on the requirements of each application. In this regard, fog computing enables the integration of virtualized servers into networks and brings cloud services closer to end devices. In contrast to the cloud server, the computing capacity of fog nodes is limited and thus a single fog node might not be capable of computing-intensive tasks. In this context, task offloading can be particularly useful at the fog nodes by selecting the suitable nodes and proper resource management while guaranteeing the Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of the users. This paper studies the design of a joint task offloading and resource allocation control for heterogeneous service tasks in multi-fog nodes systems. This problem is formulated as a partially observable stochastic game, in which each fog node cooperates to maximize the aggregated local rewards while the nodes only have access to local observations. To deal with partial observability, we apply a deep recurrent Q-network (DRQN) approach to approximate the optimal value functions. The solution is then compared to a deep Q-network (DQN) and deep convolutional Q-network (DCQN) approach to evaluate the performance of different neural networks. Moreover, to guarantee the convergence and accuracy of the neural network, an adjusted exploration-exploitation method is adopted. Provided numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher average success rate and lower average overflow than baseline methods.
Additional file 1 of Expression of an alternatively spliced variant of SORL1 in neuronal dendrites is decreased in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Monti, Giulia
name: Kjolby, Mads
name: Jensen, Anne Mette G.
name: Allen, Mariet
name: Reiche, Juliane
name: Møller, Peter L.
name: Comaposada-Baró, Raquel
name: Bartlomiej E. Zolkowski
name: Cármen Vieira
name: Jørgensen, Margarita Melnikova
name: Holm, Ida E.
name: Valdmanis, Paul N.
name: Wellner, Niels
name: Vægter, Christian B.
name: Lincoln, Sarah J.
name: Nykjær, Anders
name: Ertekin-Taner, Nilüfer
name: Young, Jessica E.
name: Nyegaard, Mette
name: Andersen, Olav M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1: SORLA-38b is retained intracellularly in HEK cells. a Substitutions of cysteine to alanine at position 1 and 13 of the unique tail encoded by E38b do not alter the secretion of SORLA-38b in the medium. Non transf non transfected cells. b WB analysis of lysates and media from CHO cells transiently transfected with SORLA-fl, SORLA variants where stop mutations were introduced at the boundary following each 3Fn domain, or a SORLA variant lacking the cytoplasmic tail (SORLA-ΔCD). Notably, constructs lacking the 3Fn5 are most strongly retained intracellularly (indicated with arrowheads).
Temperature Dependence of SEI Formation and Faradaic Efficiency in Electrochemical Lithium Mediated Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Creators: name: O'Rafferty, Alden
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ammonia
subject: Nitrogen
subject: Lithium
subject: Electrochemistry

description: Lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction (Li-N2R) is a promising electrochemical NH3 production alternative to the Haber Bosch process, a process responsible for 1.3% of CO2 emissions yearly.[1] While Haber Bosch utilizes high temperatures and pressures in large centralized facilities powered by fossil fuels, Li-N2R works at near-ambient temperatures and pressures allowing for decentralized production and can be powered by renewable electricity sources. In Li-N2R, Li ions are plated as Li metal on the working electrode, which then reacts with N2 gas to form lithium nitride (Li3N). Lithium nitride reacts with a proton source to form ammonia (NH3 ).
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed as a side product during Li-N2R has a large impact on the NH3 faradaic efficiency (FE) of the cell. Variations in the temperature during cell runs can influence both the thickness and composition of the SEI. This, in turn, alters the kinetics of species transport to and from the electrode. Consequently, SEIs formed at different temperatures result in different FEs, and are a promising tool to tune the reaction towards NH3 production.
We elucidate temperature effects on SEI formation and FE for electrolytes with 1M LiBF4 in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a 1v% EtOH proton source. By dissolving dried SEIs in a D2O rin- sate, we quantify the changing composition of the SEI formed at different temperatures using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and ion chromatography (IC). We also image the SEIs formed at different temperatures via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and analyze the electrochemical cycling data. By cor- relating SEI composition trends with changes in FE we provide pathways towards engineering the SEI for enhanced Li-N2R FE to NH3 . We find that above 22°C, the proportion of inorganics in the SEI dramatically increases, as does the thickness. This shift likely impedes species transport, as FE drops at loadings between 2.6 and 5.7 mg/cm2.
Landau level degeneracy and quantum Hall effect in a graphite bilayer
Creators: name: McCann, Edward
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an effective two-dimensional Hamiltonian to describe the low energy electronic excitations of a graphite bilayer, which correspond to chiral quasiparticles with a parabolic dispersion exhibiting Berry phase $2π$. Its high-magnetic-field Landau level spectrum consists of almost equidistant groups of four-fold degenerate states at finite energy and eight zero-energy states. This can be translated into the Hall conductivity dependence on carrier density, $σ_{xy}(N)$, which exhibits plateaus at integer values of $4e^{2}/h$ and has a ``double'' $8e^{2}/h$ step between the hole and electron gases across zero density, in contrast to $(4n+2)e^{2}/h$ sequencing in a monolayer.
description: 4 pages, 4 eps figures
Category-Specific CNN for Visual-aware CTR Prediction at JD.com
Creators: name: Liu, Hu
name: Lu, Jing
name: Yang, Hao
name: Zhao, Xiwei
name: Xu, Sulong
name: Peng, Hao
name: Zhang, Zehua
name: Niu, Wenjie
name: Zhu, Xiaokun
name: Bao, Yongjun
name: Yan, Weipeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As one of the largest B2C e-commerce platforms in China, JD com also powers a leading advertising system, serving millions of advertisers with fingertip connection to hundreds of millions of customers. In our system, as well as most e-commerce scenarios, ads are displayed with images.This makes visual-aware Click Through Rate (CTR) prediction of crucial importance to both business effectiveness and user experience. Existing algorithms usually extract visual features using off-the-shelf Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and late fuse the visual and non-visual features for the finally predicted CTR. Despite being extensively studied, this field still face two key challenges. First, although encouraging progress has been made in offline studies, applying CNNs in real systems remains non-trivial, due to the strict requirements for efficient end-to-end training and low-latency online serving. Second, the off-the-shelf CNNs and late fusion architectures are suboptimal. Specifically, off-the-shelf CNNs were designed for classification thus never take categories as input features. While in e-commerce, categories are precisely labeled and contain abundant visual priors that will help the visual modeling. Unaware of the ad category, these CNNs may extract some unnecessary category-unrelated features, wasting CNN's limited expression ability. To overcome the two challenges, we propose Category-specific CNN (CSCNN) specially for CTR prediction. CSCNN early incorporates the category knowledge with a light-weighted attention-module on each convolutional layer. This enables CSCNN to extract expressive category-specific visual patterns that benefit the CTR prediction. Offline experiments on benchmark and a 10 billion scale real production dataset from JD, together with an Online A/B test show that CSCNN outperforms all compared state-of-the-art algorithms.
Learning in Organic Farming - An Application on Finnish Dairy Farms
Creators: name: Sipilainen, Timo
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Sipilainen, Timo
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: technical efficiency
subject: technical change
subject: output distance function
subject: SFA

description: Organic farming technology may be relatively unknown to farmers at the time when they switch from conventional into organic farming. Therefore, experience gained over time and learning by doing may be important determinants in the efficiency of organic farming. It may also take time to reach the optimal nutrient stock of soil and optimal nutrient supply for arable crops under organic farming. Thus, efficiency of organic farming can either grow or decrease over time depending on the nature of the technology and the learning process. This paper estimates technical efficiency of organic farming and its development over time. We control for possible selection bias and regional heterogeneity when estimating a stochastic frontier distance functions for a sample of conventional and organic dairy farms in Finland. The results suggest that organic dairy farms are less technically efficient than conventional farms. Technical efficiency at first diminishes when the conversion towards organic production starts. After 6 years from the switch, technical efficiency starts to increase again. The estimates signal that the length of the conversion and learning process of organic farming is in average 6-7 years.
How the Quantum Universe Became Classical
Creators: name: Halliwell, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is an informal introduction to the ideas of decoherence and emergent classicality, including a simple account of the decoherent histories approach to quantum theory. It is aimed at undergraduates with a basic appreciation of quantum theory. The emphasis is on simple physical ideas and pictures.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
Narrow bandwidth Q-switched Erbium-doped fiber laser based on dynamic saturable absorption filtering effect
Creators: name: Wen, Zengrun
name: Wang, Kaile
name: Chen, Shuangcheng
name: Qi, Xinyuan
name: Lu, Baole
name: Bai, Jintao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We proposed a narrow spectral bandwidth Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser Q-switched by a homemade saturable dynamic induced grating (SDIG) which is introduced via reforming the structure of a fiber saturable absorbers FSA with a piece of EDF and a fiber Bragg grating. The SDIG integrates both saturable absorption and spectral filtering effect simultaneously, which was confirmed through theoretical analysis and experimental results for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Further study verified that the spectral width of the Q-switched emissions is decided by the length of the SDIG and the input power of the pump source. The Q-switched pulse with the narrowest spectral width of about 29.1 pm achieved in this work is the narrowest bandwidth pulse in the domain of the FSA Q-switched fiber lasers when the length of SDIG and pump power are 20 cm and 250 mW, respectively. Our method provides a simple way to obtain the Q-switched pulses with narrow bandwidths, which have promising applications for nonlinear frequency conversion, Doppler LIDAR and coherent beam combinations.
Production Effects of Agri-environmental "Green Box" Payments: Empirical Results from the EU
Creators: name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Streicher, Gerhard
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Streicher, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: agri-environmental programs
subject: Green box
subject: WTO
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: decoupling

description: Agri-environmental programs are part of the green box of the GATT Uruguay Round and are supposed to "have no, or at most minimal trade distorting effects or effects on production." In addition, "the amount of payment shall be limited to the extra costs or loss of income involved in complying with the government programme." Utilizing farm accounting data we estimate the effects on yields for ten agri-environmental programs in Austria, which account for 12% of EU's budget expenditures for agri-environmental programs. Only three out of these ten programs have significant negative effects on yields, while one program has a significant positive impact and the rest has no significant impact. These results suggest that there are serious windfall profits associated with some of these programs.
Additional file 1 of Protocol of the VICTORIA study: personalized vitamin D supplementation for reducing or preventing fatigue and enhancing quality of life of patients with colorectal tumor - randomized intervention trial
Creators: name: Schöttker, Ben
name: Kuznia, Sabine
name: Laetsch, Dana Clarissa
name: Czock, David
name: Kopp-Schneider, Annette
name: Caspari, Reiner
name: Brenner, Hermann
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. List of authorities involved in the approval of the trial.