cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MECHANICAL STRENGTH EVALUATION OF PULSED ND-YAG LASER WELDING OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL 304L
Creators: name: F Vakili Tahami
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Nd-YAG laser beam
Laser Welding
Mechanical Properties
High Temp Tensile
Creep test

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 1, 143-148
AN INVESTIGATION ON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SHORT-TERM TRAINING COURSES IN AN IRANIAN OIL COMPANIES
Creators: name: Gandomfeshan, Diana
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Middle-class Managers
one sample t-test
Cronbach's alpha method
Manager training courses.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 2, 149-157
Visual Speech Recognition for Multiple Languages in the Wild
Creators: name: Ma, Pingchuan
name: Petridis, Stavros
name: Pantic, Maja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Visual speech recognition (VSR) aims to recognize the content of speech based on lip movements, without relying on the audio stream. Advances in deep learning and the availability of large audio-visual datasets have led to the development of much more accurate and robust VSR models than ever before. However, these advances are usually due to the larger training sets rather than the model design. Here we demonstrate that designing better models is equally as important as using larger training sets. We propose the addition of prediction-based auxiliary tasks to a VSR model, and highlight the importance of hyperparameter optimization and appropriate data augmentations. We show that such a model works for different languages and outperforms all previous methods trained on publicly available datasets by a large margin. It even outperforms models that were trained on non-publicly available datasets containing up to to 21 times more data. We show, furthermore, that using additional training data, even in other languages or with automatically generated transcriptions, results in further improvement.
description: Published in Nature Machine Intelligence
MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION RURAL TERRITORIES WITHIN THE CONDITION OF DIVERSIFIED RURAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Prokhorova, Natalia V.
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Economic crisis
depressed state
rural territories
agriculture
market economy
diversification
competition.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 2, 159-167
Ab initio vacancy formation energies and kinetics at metal surfaces under high electric field
Creators: name: Katnagallu, Shyam
name: Freysoldt, Christoph
name: Gault, Baptiste
name: Neugebauer, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recording field ion microscope images under field evaporating conditions and subsequently reconstructing the underlying atomic configuration, called three-dimensional field ion microscopy (3D-FIM) is one of the few techniques capable of resolving crystalline defects at an atomic scale. However, the quantification of the observed vacancies and their origins are still a matter of debate. It was suggested that high electric fields (1-5 V/Å) used in 3D-FIM could introduce artefact vacancies. To investigate such effects, we used density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Stepped Ni and Pt surfaces with kinks were modelled in the repeated slab approach with a (971) surface orientation. An electrostatic field of up to 4 V/Å was introduced on one side of the slab using the generalized dipole correction. Contrary to what was proposed, we show that the formation of vacancies on the electrified metal surface is more difficult compared to a field-free case. We also find that the electric field can introduce kinetic barriers to a potential vacancy-annihilation mechanism. We rationalize these findings by comparing to insights from field evaporation models.
Tiny Autoscalers for Tiny Workloads: Dynamic CPU Allocation for Serverless Functions
Creators: name: Zhao, Yuxuan
name: Uta, Alexandru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In serverless computing, applications are executed under lightweight virtualization and isolation environments, such as containers or micro virtual machines. Typically, their memory allocation is set by the user before deployment. All other resources, such as CPU, are allocated by the provider statically and proportionally to memory allocations. This contributes to either under-utilization or throttling. The former significantly impacts the provider, while the latter impacts the client. To solve this problem and accommodate both clients and providers, a solution is dynamic CPU allocation achieved through autoscaling. Autoscaling has been investigated for long-running applications using history-based techniques and prediction. However, serverless applications are short-running workloads, where such techniques are not well suited. In this paper, we investigate tiny autoscalers and how dynamic CPU allocation techniques perform for short-running serverless workloads. We experiment with Kubernetes as the underlying platform and implement using its vertical pod autoscaler several dynamic CPU rightsizing techniques. We compare these techniques using state-of-the-art serverless workloads. Our experiments show that dynamic CPU allocation for short-running serverless functions is feasible and can be achieved with lightweight algorithms that offer good performance.
description: Published in 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid), 2022
Loss of receptor activity-modifying protein 2 in mice causes placental dysfunction and alters PTH1R regulation
Creators: name: Kadmiel, Mahita
name: Espenschied, Scott T.
name: Lenhart, Patricia M.
name: Caron, Kathleen M.
name: Matson, Brooke C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (Ramp2) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that heterodimerizes with several family B G-protein coupled receptors to alter their function. Ramp2 has been primarily characterized in association with calcitonin receptor-like receptor (Calcrl, CLR), forming the canonical receptor complex for the endocrine peptide adrenomedullin (Adm, AM). However, we previously demonstrated that Ramp2+/- female mice display a constellation of endocrine-related phenotypes that are distinct from those of Adm+/- and Calcrl+/- mice, implying that RAMP2 has physiological functions beyond its canonical complex. Here, we localize Ramp2 expression in the mouse placenta, finding that Ramp2 is robustly expressed in the fetal labyrinth layer, and then characterize the effects of loss of Ramp2 on placental development. Consistent with the expression pattern of Ramp2 in the placenta, Ramp2-/- placentas have a thinner labyrinth layer with significantly fewer trophoblast cells secondary to a reduction in trophoblast proliferation. We also find that absence of Ramp2 leads to failed spiral artery remodeling unaccompanied by changes in the uterine natural killer cell population. Furthermore, we assess changes in gene expression of other RAMP2-associated G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), concluding that Ramp2 loss decreases parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (Pthr1) expression and causes a blunted response to systemic parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration in mice. Ultimately, these studies provide in vivo evidence of a role for RAMP2 in placental development distinct from the RAMP2-CLR/AM signaling paradigm and identify additional pathways underlying the endocrine and fertility defects of the previously characterized Ramp2 heterozygous adult females.
Multi-Scale Adaptive Network for Single Image Denoising
Creators: name: Gou, Yuanbiao
name: Hu, Peng
name: Lv, Jiancheng
name: Zhou, Joey Tianyi
name: Peng, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-scale architectures have shown effectiveness in a variety of tasks thanks to appealing cross-scale complementarity. However, existing architectures treat different scale features equally without considering the scale-specific characteristics, \textit{i.e.}, the within-scale characteristics are ignored in the architecture design. In this paper, we reveal this missing piece for multi-scale architecture design and accordingly propose a novel Multi-Scale Adaptive Network (MSANet) for single image denoising. Specifically, MSANet simultaneously embraces the within-scale characteristics and the cross-scale complementarity thanks to three novel neural blocks, \textit{i.e.}, adaptive feature block (AFeB), adaptive multi-scale block (AMB), and adaptive fusion block (AFuB). In brief, AFeB is designed to adaptively preserve image details and filter noises, which is highly expected for the features with mixed details and noises. AMB could enlarge the receptive field and aggregate the multi-scale information, which meets the need of contextually informative features. AFuB devotes to adaptively sampling and transferring the features from one scale to another scale, which fuses the multi-scale features with varying characteristics from coarse to fine. Extensive experiments on both three real and six synthetic noisy image datasets show the superiority of MSANet compared with 12 methods. The code could be accessed from https://github.com/XLearning-SCU/2022-NeurIPS-MSANet.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC BURNOUT AND ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS WITH LIFE EXPECTANCY IN STUDENTS OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Creators: name: Mahmoudi, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Socioeconomic factors
Questionnaire survey
Likert scale
Questionnaire
SPSS
Pearson correlation
Regression

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 2, 193-201
Additional file 6 of Genome-wide investigation of the TIFY transcription factors in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): identification, analysis, and expression
Creators: name: Chen, Qi
name: Dai, Rui
name: Shuang, Shuang
name: Zhang, Yan
name: Huo, Xiaowei
name: Shi, Fengling
name: Zhang, Zhiqiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 6
Absence of a pressure gap and atomistic mechanism of the oxidation of pure Co nanoparticles
Creators: name: Vijayakumar, Jaianth
name: Savchenko, Tatiana M.
name: Bracher, David M.
name: Lumbeeck, Gunnar
name: Béché, Armand
name: Verbeeck, Jo
name: Vajda, Štefan
name: Nolting, Frithjof
name: Vaz, C. A. F.
name: Kleibert, Armin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed atomistic picture of the oxidation mechanism of Co nanoparticles and its impact on magnetism by experimentally following the evolution of the structure, chemical composition, and magnetism of individual, gas-phase grown Co nanoparticles during controlled oxidation. The early stage oxidation occurs in a twostep process characterized by (i) the initial formation of small CoO crystallites randomly distributed across the nanoparticle surface, until their coalescence leads to structural completion of the oxide shell and passivation of the metallic core; (ii) progressive conversion of the CoO shell to Co3O4, accompanied by void formation due to the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. The Co nanoparticles remain highly reactive toward oxygen during phase (i), demonstrating the absence of a pressure gap whereby a low reactivity at low pressures is postulated. Our results provide an important benchmark for an improved understanding of the magnetism of oxidized cobalt nanoparticles, with potential implications on their performance in catalytic reactions.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures
Green open access in computer science - an exploratory study on author-based self-archiving awareness, practice, and inhibitors
Creators: name: Graziotin, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Access to the work of others is something that is too often taken for granted, yet problematic and difficult to be obtained unless someone pays for it. Green and gold open access are claimed to be a solution to this problem. While open access is gaining momentum in some fields, there is a limited and seasoned knowledge about self-archiving in computer science. In particular, there is an inadequate understanding of author-based self-archiving awareness, practice, and inhibitors. This article reports an exploratory study of the awareness of self-archiving, the practice of self-archiving, and the inhibitors of self-archiving among authors in an Italian computer science faculty. Forty-nine individuals among interns, PhD students, researchers, and professors were recruited in a questionnaire (response rate of 72.8%). The quantitative and qualitative responses suggested that there is still work needed in terms of advocating green open access to computer science authors who seldom self-archive and when they do, they often infringe the copyright transfer agreements (CTAs) of the publishers. In addition, tools from the open-source community are needed to facilitate author-based self-archiving, which should comprise of an automatic check of the CTAs. The study identified nine factors inhibiting the act of self-archiving among computer scientists. As a first step, this study proposes several propositions regarding author-based self-archiving in computer science that can be further investigated. Recommendations to foster self-archiving in computer science, based on the results, are provided.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. Published in Science Open Research journal
Analytical approximations for primordial power spectra in a spatially closed emergent universe
Creators: name: Huang, Qihong
name: Zhang, Kaituo
name: Fang, Zhenxing
name: Tu, Feiquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergent universe scenario was proposed to solve the big bang singularity by suggesting that the universe originates from an Einstein static state and then evolves into a subsequently inflationary era. Thus, to find the relic of the existence of the Einstein static state becomes a crucial work. In this paper, we derive analytical approximation of the primordial power spectra and analyze the CMB TT-spectra for the spatially closed emergent universe. After analyzing the CMB TT-spectrum of the emergent universe scenario, we find that both the CMB TT-spectra produced by the Einstein static state followed by the ultraslow-roll inflationary epoch (method I) and by a special evolution of the scale factor in the emergent scenario as $a=a_{0}+A e^{H_{0}t}$(method II) are suppressed at $l<30$, and their spectra are nearly identical. Additionally, by comparing the spectra of the emergent universe scenario with the ones of the ultraslow-roll inflationary model in the closed universe, we find that the CMB TT-spectrum of the emergent universe is similar to the one of the inflationary model with the special case $η_t = η_{max}$.
MPEC 2023-T159 : 2023 TV5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TV5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF SOUTH PARS SPECIAL ZONE (ASSALOOYEH) IN CREATING A STABLE ENVIRONMENT USING THE LEOPOLD MATRIX
Creators: name: Seyedeh Atefeh Qassemi
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Environmental concern
Leopold matrix evaluation
environmental consequences
Environmental management and monitoring
Qualitative environmental impact assessment method.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 2, 211-223
Self-heterodyne detection of the {\it in-situ} phase of an atomic-SQUID
Creators: name: Mathew, Ranchu
name: Kumar, Avinash
name: Eckel, Stephen
name: Jendrzejewski, Fred
name: Campbell, Gretchen K.
name: Edwards, Mark
name: Tiesinga, Eite
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present theoretical and experimental analysis of an interferometric measurement of the {\it in-situ} phase drop across and current flow through a rotating barrier in a toroidal Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). This experiment is the atomic analog of the rf-superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The phase drop is extracted from a spiral-shaped density profile created by the spatial interference of the expanding toroidal BEC and a reference BEC after release from all trapping potentials. We characterize the interferometer when it contains a single particle, which is initially in a coherent superposition of a torus and reference state, as well as when it contains a many-body state in the mean-field approximation. The single-particle picture is sufficient to explain the origin of the spirals, to relate the phase-drop across the barrier to the geometry of a spiral, and to bound the expansion times for which the {\it in-situ} phase can be accurately determined. Mean-field estimates and numerical simulations show that the inter-atomic interactions shorten the expansion time scales compared to the single-particle case. Finally, we compare the mean-field simulations with our experimental data and confirm that the interferometer indeed accurately measures the {\it in-situ} phase drop.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
A CONCERN REVIEW ON POTENCY OF IoT APPLICATIONS WITH EXAMPLE CASE STUDY
Creators: name: Vijayasaro.V
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Wireless Sensor Networks
Internet of Things
Temperature and Relative humidity
Gateway.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 2, 233-243
Seeking Commonness and Inconsistencies: A Jointly Smoothed Approach to Multi-view Subspace Clustering
Creators: name: Cai, Xiaosha
name: Huang, Dong
name: Zhang, Guang-Yu
name: Wang, Chang-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-view subspace clustering aims to discover the hidden subspace structures from multiple views for robust clustering, and has been attracting considerable attention in recent years. Despite significant progress, most of the previous multi-view subspace clustering algorithms are still faced with two limitations. First, they usually focus on the consistency (or commonness) of multiple views, yet often lack the ability to capture the cross-view inconsistencies in subspace representations. Second, many of them overlook the local structures of multiple views and cannot jointly leverage multiple local structures to enhance the subspace representation learning. To address these two limitations, in this paper, we propose a jointly smoothed multi-view subspace clustering (JSMC) approach. Specifically, we simultaneously incorporate the cross-view commonness and inconsistencies into the subspace representation learning. The view-consensus grouping effect is presented to jointly exploit the local structures of multiple views to regularize the view-commonness representation, which is further associated with the low-rank constraint via the nuclear norm to strengthen its cluster structure. Thus the cross-view commonness and inconsistencies, the view-consensus grouping effect, and the low-rank representation are seamlessly incorporated into a unified objective function, upon which an alternating optimization algorithm is performed to achieve a robust subspace representation for clustering. Experimental results on a variety of real-world multi-view datasets confirm the superiority of our approach. Code available: https://github.com/huangdonghere/JSMC.
description: To appear in Information Fusion
PRAGMATIC CONSTRUCTIVISM AS A SOFT-METHODOLOGY OF THE HRM CONCEPT
Creators: name: Ivanova, O.E.
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Human resources management concept
Soft-methodology
Radical constructivism, Risk management
Management accounting
Bank lending.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 2, 245-253
Facing the challenge of sustainable bioenergy production : could halophytes be part of the solution?
Creators: name: Debez, Ahmed
name: Belghith, Ikram
name: Friesen, Jan
name: Montzka, Carsten
name: Elleuche, Skander
Publisher: name: BioMed Central ; Springer
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: biofuels
subject: biomass
subject: enzymes
subject: lignocellulose
subject: saline environments
subject: saline and sodic soils
subject: 620: Ingenieurwissenschaften

description: Due to steadily growing population and economic transitions in the more populous countries, renewable sources of energy are needed more than ever. Plant biomass as a raw source of bioenergy and biofuel products may meet the demand for sustainable energy; however, such plants typically compete with food crops, which should not be wasted for producing energy and chemicals. Second-generation or advanced biofuels that are based on renewable and non-edible biomass resources are processed to produce cellulosic ethanol, which could be further used for producing energy, but also bio-based chemicals including higher alcohols, organic acids, and bulk chemicals. Halophytes do not compete with conventional crops for arable areas and freshwater resources, since they grow naturally in saline ecosystems, mostly in semi-arid and arid areas. Using halophytes for biofuel production may provide a mid-term economically feasible and environmentally sustainable solution to producing bioenergy, contributing, at the same time, to making saline areas - which have been considered unproductive for a long time - more valuable. This review emphasises on halophyte definition, global distribution, and environmental requirements. It also examines their enzymatic valorization, focusing on salt-tolerant enzymes from halophilic microbial species that may be deployed with greater advantage compared to their conventional mesophilic counterparts for faster degradation of halophyte biomass.
SocialVAE: Human Trajectory Prediction using Timewise Latents
Creators: name: Xu, Pei
name: Hayet, Jean-Bernard
name: Karamouzas, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predicting pedestrian movement is critical for human behavior analysis and also for safe and efficient human-agent interactions. However, despite significant advancements, it is still challenging for existing approaches to capture the uncertainty and multimodality of human navigation decision making. In this paper, we propose SocialVAE, a novel approach for human trajectory prediction. The core of SocialVAE is a timewise variational autoencoder architecture that exploits stochastic recurrent neural networks to perform prediction, combined with a social attention mechanism and a backward posterior approximation to allow for better extraction of pedestrian navigation strategies. We show that SocialVAE improves current state-of-the-art performance on several pedestrian trajectory prediction benchmarks, including the ETH/UCY benchmark, Stanford Drone Dataset, and SportVU NBA movement dataset. Code is available at: https://github.com/xupei0610/SocialVAE.
description: In the 17th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV 2022). Code: https://github.com/xupei0610/SocialVAE
High-performance microresonator optical parametric oscillator on a silicon chip
Creators: name: Perez, Edgar F.
name: Moille, Gregory
name: Lu, Xiyuan
name: Stone, Jordan
name: Zhou, Feng
name: Srinivasan, Kartik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical parametric oscillation (OPO) is distinguished by its wavelength access, that is, the ability to flexibly generate coherent light at wavelengths that are dramatically different from the pump laser, and in principle bounded solely by energy conservation between the input pump field and the output signal/idler fields. As society adopts advanced tools in quantum information science, metrology, and sensing, microchip OPO may provide an important path for accessing relevant wavelengths. However, a practical source of coherent light should additionally have high conversion efficiency and high output power. Here, we demonstrate a silicon photonics OPO device with unprecedented performance. Our OPO device, based on the third-order ($χ^{(3)}$) nonlinearity in a silicon nitride microresonator, produces output signal and idler fields widely separated from each other in frequency ($>$150 THz), and exhibits a pump-to-idler conversion efficiency up to 29 $\%$ with a corresponding output idler power of $>$18 mW on-chip. This performance is achieved by suppressing competitive processes and by strongly overcoupling the output light. This methodology can be readily applied to existing silicon photonics platforms with heterogeneously-integrated pump lasers, enabling flexible coherent light generation across a broad range of wavelengths with high output power and efficiency.
description: Comments welcomed
Microorganisms in the human placenta are associated with altered CpG methylation of immune and inflammation-related genes
Creators: name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Tomlinson, Martha Scott
name: Fichorova, Raina N.
name: Onderdonk, Andrew B.
name: O’Shea, T Michael
name: Smeester, Lisa
name: Martin, Elizabeth M.
name: Kuban, Karl C. K.
name: Bommarito, Paige A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Microorganisms in the placenta have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as neonatal illness. Inflammation in the placenta has been identified as a contributing factor in this association, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The placental epigenome may serve as an intermediate between placental microbes and inflammation, contributing to adverse outcomes in the offspring. In the present study, genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 486,428 CpG sites) of 84 placentas was analyzed in relation to 16 species of placental microorganisms using samples collected from the Extremely Low Gestation Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort. A total of n = 1,789 CpG sites, corresponding to n = 1,079 genes, displayed differential methylation (q<0.1) in relation to microorganisms. The altered genes encode for proteins that are involved in immune/inflammatory responses, specifically the NF-κB signaling pathway. These data support bacteria-dependent epigenetic patterning in the placenta and provide potential insight into mechanisms that associate the presence of microorganisms in the placenta to pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. This study lays the foundation for investigations of the placental microbiome and its role in placental function.
Causal Modifications of Gravity and Their Observational Bounds
Creators: name: Hertzberg, Mark P.
name: Litterer, Jacob A.
name: Shah, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since general relativity is the unique theory of massless spin 2 particles at large distances, the most reasonable way to have significant modifications is to introduce one or more light scalars that mediate a new long-range force. Most existing studies of such scalars invoke models that exhibit some kind of "screening" at short distances to hide the force from solar system tests. However, as is well known, such modifications also exhibit superluminality, which can be interpreted as a form of acausality. In this work we explore explicitly subluminal and causal scalar field models. In particular, we study a conformally coupled scalar $ϕ$, with a small coupling to matter to obey solar system bounds, and a non-canonical kinetic term $K(X)$ ($X=(\partialϕ)^2/2$) that obeys all subluminality constraints and is hyperbolic. We consider $K(X)$ that is canonical for small $X$, but beyond some nonlinear scale enters a new scaling regime of power $p$, with $1/2
description: 44 pages, 6 figures. V3: Updated toward version published in PRD
Milieu matters: Evidence that ongoing lifestyle activities influence health behaviors
Creators: name: Norman, Paul
name: Sheeran, Paschal
name: Lowe, Rob
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Health behaviors occur within a milieu of lifestyle activities that could conflict with health actions. We examined whether cognitions about, and performance of, other lifestyle activities augment the prediction of health behaviors, and whether these lifestyle factors are especially influential among individuals with low health behavior engagement. Participants (N = 211) completed measures of past behavior and cognitions relating to five health behaviors (e.g., smoking, getting drunk) and 23 lifestyle activities (e.g., reading, socializing), as well as personality variables. All behaviors were measured again at two weeks. Data were analyzed using neural network and cluster analyses. The neural network accurately predicted health behaviors at follow-up (R2 = .71). As hypothesized, lifestyle cognitions and activities independently predicted health behaviors over and above behavior-specific cognitions and previous behavior. Additionally, lifestyle activities and poor self-regulatory capability were more influential among people exhibiting unhealthy behaviors. Considering ongoing lifestyle activities can enhance prediction and understanding of health behaviors and offer new targets for health behavior interventions.
Two-Loop Electroweak Corrections with Fermion Loops to $e^+ e^- \to ZH$
Creators: name: Freitas, Ayres
name: Song, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO) electroweak corrections involving closed fermion loops to the $e^+ e^- \to ZH$ process. This has been achieved by using a semi-numerical technique for the two-loop vertex and box diagrams, which is based on Feynman parameters and dispersion relations for one of the two sub-loops. UV divergences are treated with suitable subtraction terms. Numerical results for the unpolarized differential and integrated cross-section at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=240~\text{GeV}$ are provided. Combining the NNLO contributions with one and two closed fermions loops, they are found to increase the NLO cross-section by 0.7\%.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Ref.8 is changed
Evolution equation for the higher-twist B-meson distribution amplitude
Creators: name: Braun, V. M.
name: Manashov, A. N.
name: Offen, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the evolution equation for the three-particle quark-gluon B-meson light-cone distribution amplitude (DA) of subleading twist is completely integrable in the large $N_c$ limit and can be solved exactly. The lowest anomalous dimension is separated from the remaining, continuous, spectrum by a finite gap. The corresponding eigenfunction coincides with the contribution of quark-gluon states to the two-particle DA $ϕ_-(ω)$ so that the evolution equation for the latter is the same as for the leading-twist DA $ϕ_+(ω)$ up to a constant shift in the anomalous dimension. Thus, ``genuine'' three-particle states that belong to the continuous spectrum effectively decouple from $ϕ_-(ω)$ to the leading-order accuracy. In turn, the scale dependence of the full three-particle DA turns out to be nontrivial so that the contribution with the lowest anomalous dimension does not become leading at any scale. The results are illustrated on a simple model that can be used in studies of $1/m_b$ corrections to heavy-meson decays in the framework of QCD factorization or light-cone sum rules.
description: Extended version, includes new results on the large momentum limit and a detailed study of the evolution effects in a simple model
Behavior-aware Account De-anonymization on Ethereum Interaction Graph
Creators: name: Zhou, Jiajun
name: Hu, Chenkai
name: Chi, Jianlei
name: Wu, Jiajing
name: Shen, Meng
name: Xuan, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, traceability and tamper-proof, which creates a reliable decentralized trust mechanism, further accelerating the development of blockchain finance. However, the anonymization of blockchain hinders market regulation, resulting in increasing illegal activities such as money laundering, gambling and phishing fraud on blockchain financial platforms. Thus, financial security has become a top priority in the blockchain ecosystem, calling for effective market regulation. In this paper, we consider identifying Ethereum accounts from a graph classification perspective, and propose an end-to-end graph neural network framework named Ethident, to characterize the behavior patterns of accounts and further achieve account de-anonymization. Specifically, we first construct an Account Interaction Graph (AIG) using raw Ethereum data. Then we design a hierarchical graph attention encoder named HGATE as the backbone of our framework, which can effectively characterize the node-level account features and subgraph-level behavior patterns. For alleviating account label scarcity, we further introduce contrastive self-supervision mechanism as regularization to jointly train our framework. Comprehensive experiments on Ethereum datasets demonstrate that our framework achieves superior performance in account identification, yielding 1.13% ~ 4.93% relative improvement over previous state-of-the-art. Furthermore, detailed analyses illustrate the effectiveness of Ethident in identifying and understanding the behavior of known participants in Ethereum (e.g. exchanges, miners, etc.), as well as that of the lawbreakers (e.g. phishing scammers, hackers, etc.), which may aid in risk assessment and market regulation.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security
Asymptotically optimal control for a multiclass queueing model in the moderate deviation heavy traffic regime
Creators: name: Atar, Rami
name: Cohen, Asaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A multi-class single-server queueing model with finite buffers, in which scheduling and admission of customers are subject to control, is studied in the moderate deviation heavy traffic regime. A risk-sensitive cost set over a finite time horizon $[0,T]$ is considered. The main result is the asymptotic optimality of a control policy derived via an underlying differential game. The result is the first to address a queueing control problem at the moderate deviation regime that goes beyond models having the so called pathwise minimality property. Moreover, despite the well known fact that an optimal control over a finite time interval is generically of a nonstationary feedback type, the proposed policy forms a stationary feedback, provided $T$ is sufficiently large.
Optimized Large-Scale CMB Likelihood And Quadratic Maximum Likelihood Power Spectrum Estimation
Creators: name: Gjerløw, E.
name: Colombo, L. P. L.
name: Eriksen, H. K.
name: Górski, K. M.
name: Gruppuso, A.
name: Jewell, J. B.
name: Plaszczynski, S.
name: Wehus, I. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of exact CMB likelihood and power spectrum estimation with the goal of minimizing computational cost through linear compression. This idea was originally proposed for CMB purposes by Tegmark et al.\ (1997), and here we develop it into a fully working computational framework for large-scale polarization analysis, adopting \WMAP\ as a worked example. We compare five different linear bases (pixel space, harmonic space, noise covariance eigenvectors, signal-to-noise covariance eigenvectors and signal-plus-noise covariance eigenvectors) in terms of compression efficiency, and find that the computationally most efficient basis is the signal-to-noise eigenvector basis, which is closely related to the Karhunen-Loeve and Principal Component transforms, in agreement with previous suggestions. For this basis, the information in 6836 unmasked \WMAP\ sky map pixels can be compressed into a smaller set of 3102 modes, with a maximum error increase of any single multipole of 3.8\% at $\ell\le32$, and a maximum shift in the mean values of a joint distribution of an amplitude--tilt model of 0.006$σ$. This compression reduces the computational cost of a single likelihood evaluation by a factor of 5, from 38 to 7.5 CPU seconds, and it also results in a more robust likelihood by implicitly regularizing nearly degenerate modes. Finally, we use the same compression framework to formulate a numerically stable and computationally efficient variation of the Quadratic Maximum Likelihood implementation that requires less than 3 GB of memory and 2 CPU minutes per iteration for $\ell \le 32$, rendering low-$\ell$ QML CMB power spectrum analysis fully tractable on a standard laptop.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted by ApJS
Nucleation of frictional slip: A yielding or a fracture process?
Creators: name: Castellano, Miguel
name: Lorez, Flavio
name: Kammer, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The onset of frictional sliding between contacting bodies under shear load is nucleated by the quasi-static growth of localized slip patches. After reaching a certain critical size, these patches become unstable and continue growing dynamically, eventually causing the sliding of the entire interface. Two different theories have been used to compute the nucleation length of such patches depending on the dominant process driving their growth. If it is only the yielding of contact asperities (large-scale yielding), a stress criterion is applied, based on linear stability analysis, whereas if fracture dominates, an energy criterion is applied, based on fracture mechanics and classical nucleation theory. Both approaches contain important underlying assumptions that are well-suited to describe either one situation or the other. However, what happens in-between is not captured by any of them. In this work, we use numerical simulations to study what is the dominant underlying process driving nucleation for different conditions of heterogeneity and what are the implications for nucleation dynamics and the onset of frictional sliding. We show that large frictional heterogeneities enable a transition from a yielding-driven nucleation phase to a fracture-driven one. This transition occurs only above a certain level of heterogeneity and can either be quasi-static (stable) or dynamic (unstable), depending on the correlation length of frictional strength along the interface and the difference in strength between the strongest and the weakest point (the amplitude). Unstable transitions generate localized dynamic slip events, whose magnitude increases with higher correlation length and decreases with larger amplitude. Our work sheds new light on the role of heterogeneity and fracture in the nucleation of frictional slip, bridging the gap between the two main governing theories for nucleation.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Characterization of XIA UltraLo-1800 Response to Measuring Charged Samples
Creators: name: Ange, Joshua
name: Calkins, Robert
name: Posada, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Commercial alpha counters are used in science and industry applications to screen materials for surface radon progeny contamination. In this paper, we characterize an XIA UltraLo-1800, an ionization drift alpha counter, and study the response to embedded charge in polyethylene sample measurements. We show that modeling such effects is possible in a Geant4-based simulation framework and attempt to derive corrections. This paper also demonstrates the effectiveness of the use of an anti-static fan to eliminate the embedded charge and recover a 97.73% alpha detection efficiency in the alpha counter.
Instability in axion inflation with strong backreaction from gauge modes
Creators: name: Peloso, Marco
name: Sorbo, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform an analytical study of the stability of the background solution of the model in which an inflaton, through an axionic coupling to a $U(1)$ gauge field, causes an amplification of the gauge field modes that strongly backreact on its dynamics. To this goal, we study the evolution of the gauge field modes coupled to the inflaton zero mode, treating perturbatively the deviation of the inflaton velocity from its mean-field value. As long as the system is in the strong backreaction regime we find that the inflaton velocity performs oscillations of increasing amplitude about the value it would have in the approximation of constant velocity, confirming an instability that has been observed in numerical studies.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures; v2: minor stylistic changes, references added
Effective model for a short Josephson junction with a phase discontinuity
Creators: name: Goldobin, E.
name: Mironov, S.
name: Buzdin, A.
name: Mints, R. G.
name: Koelle, D.
name: Kleiner, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a short Josephson junction with a phase discontinuity $κ$ created, e.g., by a pair of tiny current injectors, at some point $x_0$ along the length of the junction. We derive the effective current-phase relation (CPR) for the system as a whole, i.e., reduce it to an effective point-like junction. From the effective CPR we obtain the ground state of the system and predict the dependence of its critical current on $κ$. We show that in a large range of $κ$ values the effective junction behaves as a $φ_0$ Josephson junction, i.e., has a unique ground state phase $φ_0$ within each $2π$ interval. For $κ\approxπ$ and $x_0$ near the middle of the junction one obtains a $φ_0\pmφ$ junction, i.e., the Josephson junction with degenerate ground state phase $φ_0\pmφ$ within each $2π$ interval. Further, in view of possible escape experiments especially in the quantum domain, we investigate the scaling of the energy barrier and eigenfrequency close to the critical currents and predict the behavior of the escape histogram width $σ(κ)$ in the regime of the macroscopic quantum tunneling.
Military service, deployments, and exposures in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival
Creators: name: Keller, Jean
name: Allen, Kelli D.
name: Kamel, Freya
name: Umbach, David M.
name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Baird, Coleen
name: Richardson, David B.
name: Engel, Lawrence S.
name: Sandler, Dale P.
name: Stanwyck, Catherine L.
name: Schmidt, Silke
name: Beard, John D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Military veterans may have higher rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mortality than non-veterans. Few studies, with sparse exposure information and mixed results, have studied relationships between military-related factors and ALS survival. We evaluated associations between military-related factors and ALS survival among U.S. military veteran cases.
Computational materials for "Mitochondrial Uncouplers induce proton leak by activating AAC and UCP1"
Creators: name: Bertholet, Ambre
name: Natale, Andrew
name: Bisignano, Paola
name: Suzuki, Junji
name: Fedorenko, Andriy
name: Hamilton, James
name: Brustovetsky, Tatiana
name: Kazak, Lawrence
name: Garrity, Ryan
name: Chouchani, Edward
name: Grabe, Michael
name: Kirichok, Yuriy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This archive contains materials used for preparation of MD simulations, docking experiments, and mathematical modeling described in the article: Bertholet AM, Natale AM, Bisignano P, Suzuki J, Fedorenko A, Hamilton J, Brustovetsky T, Kazak L, Garrity R, Chouchani ET, Brustovetsky N, Grabe M, Kirichok Y. "Mitochondrial Uncouplers induce proton leak by activating AAC and UCP1". Nature 2022 (accepted, publication pending)