cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The unlikely Carnot efficiency
Creators: name: Verley, Gatien
name: Willaert, Tim
name: Broeck, Christian Van den
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The efficiency of an heat engine is traditionally defined as the ratio of its average output work over its average input heat. Its highest possible value was discovered by Carnot in 1824 and is a cornerstone concept in thermodynamics. It led to the discovery of the second law and to the definition of the Kelvin temperature scale. Small-scale engines operate in the presence of highly fluctuating input and output energy fluxes. They are therefore much better characterized by fluctuating efficiencies. In this study, using the fluctuation theorem, we identify universal features of efficiency fluctuations. While the standard thermodynamic efficiency is, as expected, the most likely value, we find that the Carnot efficiency is, surprisingly, the least likely in the long time limit. Furthermore the probability distribution for the efficiency assumes a universal scaling form when operating close-to-equilibrium. We illustrate our results analytically and numerically on two model systems.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, v3: as accepted in Nature Communications
A Hamiltonian formulation of causal variational principles
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
name: Kleiner, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik

description: Causal variational principles, which are the analytic core of the physical theory of causal fermion systems, are found to have an underlying Hamiltonian structure, giving a formulation of the dynamics in terms of physical fields in space-time. After generalizing causal variational principles to a class of lower semi-continuous Lagrangians on a smooth, possibly non-compact manifold, the corresponding Euler- Lagrange equations are derived. In the first part, it is shown under additional smoothness assumptions that the space of solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations has the structure of a symplectic Fréchet manifold. The symplectic form is constructed as a surface layer integral which is shown to be invariant under the time evolution. In the second part, the results and methods are extended to the non-smooth setting. The physical fields correspond to variations of the universal measure described infinitesimally by one-jets. Evaluating the Euler-Lagrange equations weakly, we derive linearized field equations for these jets. In the final part, our constructions and results are illustrated by a detailed example on R1;1xS1 where a local minimizer is given by a measure supported on a two-dimensional lattice.
MPEC 2023-V23 : COMET C/2023 V1 (Lemmon)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET C/2023 V1 (Lemmon)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
TCR sequencing: applications in immuno-oncology research
Creators: name: Sanromán, ÁF
name: Joshi, K
name: Au, L
name: Chain, B
name: Turajlic, S
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Tumour Biology
Signalling & Oncogenes
Genetics & Genomics
Genome Integrity & Repair
Computational & Systems Biology

description: No description supplied
Probing evolution of binaries influenced by the spin-orbit resonances
Creators: name: Gupta, Anuradha
name: Gopakumar, Achamveedu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evolve isolated comparable mass spinning compact binaries experiencing Schnittman's post-Newtonian spin-orbit resonances in an inertial frame associated with $j_0$, the initial direction of the total angular momentum. We argue that accurate gravitational wave (GW) measurements of the initial orientations of the two spins and orbital angular momentum from $j_0$ should allow us to distinguish between the two possible families of spin-orbit resonances. Therefore, these measurements have the potential to provide direct observational evidence of possible binary formation scenarios. The above statements should also apply for binaries that do not remain in a resonant plane when they become detectable by GW interferometers. The resonant plane, characterized by the vanishing scalar triple product involving the two spins and the orbital angular momentum, naturally appears in the one parameter family of equilibrium solutions, discovered by Schnittman. We develop a prescription to compute the time-domain inspiral templates for binaries residing in these resonant configurations and explore their preliminary data analysis consequences.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, v2: revised version incorporating referee's comments
Henon-Heiles potential as a bridge between nontopological solitons of different types
Creators: name: Nugaev, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the Hubbard-Stratanovich transformation to the Lagrangian for nontopological solitons of the Coleman type in a two-dimensional theory. The resulted theory with an extra real scalar field can be supplemented with a cubic term to obtain a model with exact analytical solution.
description: 6 pages,2 figures. Revised version accepted for a publication in Commun.Nonlinear Sci.Numer.Simul
Ramanessin Brook Nonpoint Source Pollution Source Assessment and Stormwater Impact Study
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: TRC Omni Environmental Corporation
Year: 2005

description: This report analyzes and discusses water quality in the Ramanessin Brook watershed in Monmouth county. Building on important research conducted by the Monmouth County Health Department, the Ramanessin Brook Nonpoint Source (NPS) Pollution Source Assessment Project serves to define the link between glauconitic soils and the fecal coliform and total phosphorus impairments that have caused the Ramanessin Brook to be designated by NJDEP as impaired in its Integrated List of Waterbodies. TRC Omni collected and reviewed existing information, and built upon the findings of the initial study that found that properties of glauconitic soils cause phosphorus to adsorb to sediments and may create a sustainable habitat for fecal coliform bacteria. Sections of this report include: Introduction, Watershed Characterization, Watershed Sampling, Watershed Modeling, Watershed Analyses, and Recommendations.
Contact melting and the structure of binary eutectic near the eutectic point
Creators: name: Bystrenko, Oleksiy
name: Kartuzov, Valeriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computer simulations of contact melting and associated interfacial phenomena in binary eutectic systems were performed on the basis of the standard phase-field model with miscibility gap in solid state. It is shown that the model predicts the existence of equilibrium three-phase (solid-liquid-solid) states above the eutectic temperature, which suggest the explanation of the phenomenon of phase separation in liquid eutectic observed in experiments. The results of simulations provide the interpretation for the phenomena of contact melting and formation of diffusion zone observed in the experiments with binary metal-silicon systems.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures. appears in Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2014), pp. 124-128
The Macroinvertebrate Communities of the Great Swamp Watershed: June, 2003: Results
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Ten Towns Great Swamp Management Committee
Year: 2003

description: This document presents a review of 2003 macroinvertebrate sampling results for 17 sites in the Great Swamp Watershed. The methodology used for the study is based on the EPA Rapid Bioassessment Protocols. Habitat assessments and environmental monitoring data was also collected.  Comparisons are made to previous years' results.
Total Maximum Daily Loads for Phosphorus to Address Four Eutrophic Lakes in the Northwest Water Region
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Division of Watershed Management
Year: 2003

description: The state of New Jersey's 2002 Integrated List of Waterbodies identified several lakes in the Northwest Water Region as being eutrophic. This report establishes Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for total phosphorus (TP) that address eutrophication of four lakes in the region. These TMDLs serve as the foundation on which restoration plans will be developed to restore eutrophic lakes and thereby attain applicable surface water quality standards.
Research Project Summary: Analysis of Mercury Species in New Jersey Ground Water Using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
Year: 1993

description: Water samples from 78 private potable wells in southern New Jersey were collected for mercury analysis in 1991-1992. The wells are located in Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape Map and Ocean Counties. Total mercury concentrations varied from 1 ng/L to over 36 Fg/L. The dominant form in which mercury occurred in the wells sampled was inorganic, although monomethylmercury was present in some wells comprising up to 8% of the totalmercury in one ground-water sample. Mercury analyses performed using the EPA Method 245.1 should be interpreted with caution. While this method is generally suited for analyzing waters having elevated mercury concentrations (total mercury levels above 2000 ng/L or 2 ug/L), it is less sensitive and even inadequate for characterizing background mercury levels.
New Jersey Land Use/Land Cover Update: 2000-2001
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Office of Policy, Planning, and Science
Year: 2004

description: Land use and land cover are two approaches for describing land. Land use is a description of the way that humans are utilizing any particular piece of land for one or many purposes. Land cover is the physical material on the surface of any piece of land. Land use/land cover (LULC) mapping is a critical component of the geo-spatial infrastructure needed to support local to regional land use planning and management within the state of New Jersey. As continued human development is rapidly changing New Jersey's landscape, the need for updated LULC data to inform ongoing land use planning and management programs within NJDEP is critical. The goal of this project is to provide a consistent assessment of LULC as of Year 2000/2001 across the state as well as evaluate the utility of several types of satellite imagery sources and analysis techniques to undertake the above assessment in a cost effective manner.
Shellfish Growing Water Classification Charts - 1999
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
Year: 1999

description: These ten charts, part of a series published annually, are a graphic representation of the classification regulations which delineate shellfish growing waters in New Jersey.  Earlier charts in this series were published as Approved Area Charts: Shellfish Growing Water Classification, New Jersey Water Resources: Shellfish Condemned Area Charts and Condemned Area Chart.  These classifications result from surveys conducted by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's (NJDEP) Bureau of Marine Water Monitoring, in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration as well as the National Shellfish Sanitation Program guidelines and regulations.  Waters are characterized in one of four ways: approved, seasonal, special restricted and prohibited.  Additional information contained in each year's chart package includes a summary of the changes in water classifications, harvest regulations, as well as other general information that is important for anyone interested in harvesting shellfish in New Jersey.
Inside the Pinelands: A Report by the Pinelands Preservation Alliance, June/July 2004, Vol.11, No.5
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Pinelands Preservation Alliance
Year: 2004

description: This is the bimonthly newsletter of the Pinelands Preservation Alliance (PPA), a nonprofit organization working to protect and preserve the resources of the New Jersey Pinelands. This issue features: We're In! PPA Moves into New Headquarters at Historic Bishop Farmstead; The Pinelands and Forestry: A Forester's View; Introducing a New Staff Member at PPA; PPA's Corporate Members and Friends Help Support Our Mission.
Optimal Control of time-discrete two-phase flow driven by a diffuse-interface model
Creators: name: Garcke, Harald
name: Hinze, Michael
name: Kahle, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimal control, Boundary control, Initial value control, Two-phase flow, Cahn-Hilliard, Navier-Stokes, Diffuse-interface models
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: We propose a general control framework for two-phase flows with variable densities in the diffuse interface formulation, where the distribution of the fluid components is described by a phase field. The flow is governed by the diffuse interface model proposed in [Abels, Garcke, Grün, M3AS 22(3):1150013(40), 2012]. On the basis of the stable time discretization proposed in [Garcke, Hinze, Kahle, APPL NUMER MATH, 99:151-171, 2016] we derive necessary optimality conditions for the time-discrete and the fully discrete optimal control problem. We present numerical examples with distributed and boundary controls, and also consider the case, where the initial value of the phase field serves as control variable.
Chrysogaster virescens Loew 1854
Creators: name: MAZáNEK, Libor
name: VONIČKA, Pavel
name: PREISLER, JiřÍ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Chrysogaster
Chrysogaster virescens

description: Chrysogaster virescens Loew, 1854 ČS: EN Druh znÁmý z atlantické čÁsti Evropy a z pohořÍ střednÍ Evropy. VzÁcný a ohrožený druh vÁzaný na mokřady kolem malých potůčků a pramenišť v zachovalých olšinÁch a světlých listnatých lesÍch. Černousy [6a]: 14.V.-14.VI.2007, 1 ♀ (MT). Kořenov [16a]: 18.VI.2005, 1 ♀.
description: Published as part of MAZáNEK, Libor, VONIČKA, Pavel & PREISLER, JiřÍ, 2009, Syrphidae (Diptera) of the Jizerské hory Mts and Frýdlant region (northern Bohemia, Czech Republic), pp. 3-46 in Sborník Severočeského Muzea 27 on page 25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7153554
Total Maximum Daily Loads for Fecal Coliform to Address 32 Streams in the Northeast Water Region
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Division of Watershed Management
Year: 2003

description: In accordance with the federal Clean Water Act, New Jersey developed the 2002 Integrated List of Waterbodies, addressing the overall water quality of the state's waters and identifying impaired waterbodies for which Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) may be necessary. The list identified several waterbodies in the Northeast Water Region as being impaired by pathogens, as indicated by the presence of fecal coliform concentrations in excess of standards. This report establishes 32 TMDLs addressing fecal coliform loads in waterbodies in the Northeast Water Region. These 32 TMDLs will serve as management approaches or restoration plans aimed at indentifying the sources of fecal coliform and for setting goals for fecal coliform load reductions in order to attain applicable surface water quality standards.
Parental Attachment Style: Examination of Links with Parent Secure Base Provision and Adolescent Secure Base Use
Creators: name: Jones, Jason D.
name: Cassidy, Jude
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: attachment style
parenting
adolescence
secure base
perceptions of parents

description: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Attachment & Human Development on June 5, 2014, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2014.921718 .
description: The secure base construct represents one of attachment theory’s most important contributions to our understanding of parent–child relationships and child development. The present study represents the first examination of how parents’ self-reported attachment styles relate to parental secure base provision and adolescent (mean age = 16.6 years, SE = .59) secure base use during an observed parent–adolescent interaction. Further, the present study is the first to examine how fathers’, as well as mothers’, attachment styles relate to observed behavior in a parent–child interaction. At the bivariate level, maternal avoidance, but not anxiety, was negatively associated with observed adolescent secure base use. In addition, path analysis revealed that maternal avoidance was indirectly related to less adolescent secure base use through mothers’ self-reported hostile behavior toward their adolescents and through adolescents’ less positive perceptions of their mothers. Further, paternal anxiety, but not avoidance, was indirectly related to less adolescent secure base use through fathers’ self-reported hostile behavior toward their adolescents. No significant findings emerged in relation to parental secure base provision. We discuss these results in the context of attachment theory and suggest directions for future research.
Benchmark Stock Assessments: Data and Assessment Workshop and Peer Review Process
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC)
Year: 2005

description: In 1996, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission  was mandated to "implement a process for the peer review of fish population models upon which fishery management decisions are based." The purpose of the Benchmark Stock Assessment and Peer Review Process is to: (1) validate the credibility of the scientific basis for management; (2) improve the quality of Commission stock assessments; (3) ensure that stock assessments for all species managed by the Commission periodically undergo a formal peer review; and (4) improve public understanding of fisheries stock assessments. The definition of stock assessment utilized in this report includes data compilation and analysis, model development, and parameter estimation.
What does it feel like to be an electroreceptive fish?
Creators: name: Kramer, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: The weakly electric knifefish Eigenmannia emits an electric organ discharge (EOD) of constant frequency and sinusoidal waveform that varies with sex and age. Eigenmannia discriminates among these except when stimulated at the same frequency as its own EOD frequency. In that case, it needs to perform a Jamming Avoidance Response (frequency shift) which results in a beating mixed signal. By a sophisticated analysis of the amplitude and phase modulations of the beat signal, Eigenmannia derives the frequency difference, its sign, and the waveform of the stimulus, hence the signaller’s identity. The human ear is not capable of an equivalent waveform analysis of acoustic stimuli.
Lejogaster metallina
Creators: name: MAZáNEK, Libor
name: VONIČKA, Pavel
name: PREISLER, JiřÍ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Lejogaster
Lejogaster metallina

description: Lejogaster metallina (Fabricius, 1781) ČS: VU LiterÁrnÍ údaje: Hala Izerska (Rašeliniště Jizery – Bańkowska 1964). Holarktický druh široce rozšÍřený v Evropě.VzÁcný a lokÁlnÍ druh vÁzaný na bahnité, otevřené, bylinami porostlé mokřady v přirozeně zaplavovaných loukÁch a pastvinÁch a na březÍch stojÍcÍch a pomalu tekoucÍch vod. SaprofÁgně akvatické larvy žijÍ v bahně mezi kořeny rostlin těsně pod hladinou vody. Mníšek [24]: 24.V.2003, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (SW). Oldřichov v Hájích [28b]: 24.V.2003, 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (SW).
description: Published as part of MAZáNEK, Libor, VONIČKA, Pavel & PREISLER, JiřÍ, 2009, Syrphidae (Diptera) of the Jizerské hory Mts and Frýdlant region (northern Bohemia, Czech Republic), pp. 3-46 in Sborník Severočeského Muzea 27 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7153554
description: {"references": ["BANKOWSKA R. 1964: Syrphidae (Diptera) Sudetow. (Syrphidae (Diptera) of the Sudety Mts.). Fragmenta Faunistica, Warszava, 11: 287 - 318 (in Polish, English and Russian abstr.)."]}
Precision growth index using the clustering of cosmic structures and growth data
Creators: name: Pouri, Athina
name: Basilakos, Spyros
name: Plionis, Manolis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the clustering properties of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) and the growth rate data provided by the various galaxy surveys in order to constrain the growth index ($γ$) of the linear matter fluctuations. We perform a standard $χ^2$-minimization procedure between theoretical expectations and data, followed by a joint likelihood analysis and we find a value of $γ=0.56\pm 0.05$, perfectly consistent with the expectations of the $Λ$CDM model, and $Ω_{m0} =0.29\pm 0.01$, in very good agreement with the latest Planck results. Our analysis provides significantly more stringent growth index constraints with respect to previous studies, as indicated by the fact that the corresponding uncertainty is only $\sim 0.09 γ$. Finally, allowing $γ$ to vary with redshift in two manners (Taylor expansion around $z=0$, and Taylor expansion around the scale factor), we find that the combined statistical analysis between our clustering and literature growth data alleviates the degeneracy and obtain more stringent constraints with respect to other recent studies.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, final version accepted for publication by Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, JCAP08(2014)042
Bullseye focusing of cylindrical waves at a liquid-solid interface
Creators: name: Gutiérrez-Hernández, Ulisses J.
name: Reese, Hendrik
name: Ohl, Claus-Dieter
name: Quinto-Su, Pedro A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two converging and superimposing shock and Rayleigh waves are generated on a glass substrate by focusing laser pulses on two concentric rings in a bullseye configuration (67\mm~and 96\mm~radii). We study experimentally the threshold for substrate damage as a function of the number of repetitions and the delay (0-20\,ns). The bullseye focusing experiments are compared to a single focusing ring. Additionally, fluid-structure interaction simulations using a Volume-of-Fluid framework are utilized to estimate the stresses. The lowest number of repetitions to attain surface damage is found for constructive superposition of the Rayleigh waves, i.e., here for a delay of $10\,$ns. The observed damage is consistent with the simulations where the largest positive stresses ($\sim 5.6\,$GPa) are achieved for bullseye focusing with \dt = 10\,ns, followed by \dt= 20\,ns which corresponds to simultaneous shock wave focusing. In all these cases, the positive stresses are followed (a few nanoseconds later) by negative stresses that can reach $\sim-6.4\,$GPa.
Gravitational signal propagation in the Double Pulsar studied with the MeerKAT telescope
Creators: name: Hu, H.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Champion, D. J.
name: Wex, N.
name: Parthasarathy, A.
name: Pennucci, T. T.
name: Porayko, N. K.
name: van Straten, W.
name: Krishnan, V. Venkatraman
name: Burgay, M.
name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Manchester, R. N.
name: Possenti, A.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: Bailes, M.
name: Buchner, S.
name: Cameron, A. D.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Serylak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Double Pulsar, PSR J0737-3039A/B, has offered a wealth of gravitational experiments in the strong-field regime, all of which GR has passed with flying colours. In particular, among current gravity experiments that test photon propagation, the Double Pulsar probes the strongest spacetime curvature. Observations with MeerKAT and, in future, the SKA can greatly improve the accuracy of current tests and facilitate tests of NLO contributions in both orbital motion and signal propagation. We present our timing analysis of new observations of PSR J0737-3039A, made using the MeerKAT telescope over the last 3 years. The increased timing precision offered by MeerKAT yields a 2 times better measurement of Shapiro delay parameter s and improved mass measurements compared to previous studies. In addition, our results provide an independent confirmation of the NLO signal propagation effects and already surpass the previous measurement from 16-yr data by a factor of 1.65. These effects include the retardation effect due to the movement of B and the deflection of the signal by the gravitational field of B. We also investigate novel effects which are expected. For instance, we search for potential profile variations near superior conjunctions caused by shifts of the line-of-sight due to latitudinal signal deflection and find insignificant evidence with our current data. With simulations, we find that the latitudinal deflection delay is unlikely to be measured with timing because of its correlation with Shapiro delay. Furthermore, although it is currently not possible to detect the expected lensing correction to the Shapiro delay, our simulations suggest that this effect may be measured with the full SKA. Finally, we provide an improved analytical description for the signal propagation in the Double Pulsar system that meets the timing precision expected from future instruments such as the full SKA.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Rapid Decline of Lyman-alpha Emission Toward the Reionization Era
Creators: name: Tilvi, Vithal
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
name: Long, James
name: Song, Mimi
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Ferguson, Henry
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Mobasher, Bahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed deficit of strongly Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies at z>6.5 is attributed to either increasing neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and/or to the evolving galaxy properties. To investigate this, we have performed very deep near-IR spectroscopy of z>7 galaxies using MOSFIRE on the Keck-I Telescope. We measure the Lyman-alpha fraction at z~8 (combined photometric redshift peak at z=7.7) using two methods. First, we derived NLyα/Ntot directly using extensive simulations to correct for incompleteness. Second, we used a Bayesian formalism (introduced by Treu et al. 2012) that compares the z>7 galaxy spectra to models of the Lyman-alpha equivalent width (WLyα) distribution at z~6. We explored two simple evolutionary scenarios: smooth evolution where Lyman-alpha is attenuated in all galaxies by a constant factor (perhaps owing to processes from galaxy evolution or a slowly increasing IGM opacity), and patchy evolution where Lyman-alpha is blocked in some fraction of galaxies (perhaps due to the IGM being opaque along only some fraction of sightlines). The Bayesian formalism places stronger constraints compared with the direct method. Combining our data with that in the literature we find that at z~8 the Lyman-alpha fraction has dropped by a factor >3(84% confidence interval) using both the smooth and patchy scenarios compared to the z~6 values. Furthermore, we find a tentative evidence that the data favor the patchy scenario over smooth (with "positive" Bayesian evidence), extending trends observed at z~7 to higher redshift. If this decrease is a result of reionization as predicted by theory, then our data imply the volume averaged neutral hydrogen fraction in the IGM to be >0.3 suggesting that the reionization of the universe is in progress at z~8.
description: Published in ApJ
title: “We Need To Talk About ChatGPT”: The Future of AI and Higher Education
Creators: name: Neumann, Michael
name: Rauschenberger, Maria
name: Schön, Eva-Maria
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 004 Informatik

description: On November 30th, 2022, OpenAI released the large language model ChatGPT, an extension of GPT-3. The AI chatbot provides real-time communication in response to users’ requests. The quality of ChatGPT’s natural speaking answers marks a major shift in how we will use AI-generated information in our day-to-day lives. For a software engineering student, the use cases for ChatGPT are manifold: assessment preparation, translation, and creation of specified source code, to name a few. It can even handle more complex aspects of scientific writing, such as summarizing literature and paraphrasing text. Hence, this position paper addresses the need for discussion of potential approaches for integrating ChatGPT into higher education. Therefore, we focus on articles that address the effects of ChatGPT on higher education in the areas of software engineering and scientific writing. As ChatGPT was only recently released, there have been no peer-reviewed articles on the subject. Thus, we performed a structured grey literature review using Google Scholar to identify preprints of primary studies. In total, five out of 55 preprints are used for our analysis. Furthermore, we held informal discussions and talks with other lecturers and researchers and took into account the authors’ test results from using ChatGPT. We present five challenges and three opportunities for the higher education context that emerge from the release of ChatGPT. The main contribution of this paper is a proposal for how to integrate ChatGPT into higher education in four main areas.
Shape optimization for surface functionals in Navier-Stokes flow using a phase field approach
Creators: name: Garcke, Harald
name: Hecht, Claudia
name: Hinze, Michael
name: Kahle, Christian
name: Lam, Kei Fong
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION; DRAG; EQUATION; DESIGN; FLUIDS; Shape optimization; phase-field method; lift; drag; Navier-Stokes equations
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: We consider shape and topology optimization of an object in fluid flow governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. Shapes are modelled with the help of a phase field approach and the solid body is relaxed to be a porous medium. The phase field method uses a Ginzburg-Landau functional in order to approximate a perimeter penalization. We focus on surface functionals and carefully introduce a new modelling variant, show existence of minimizers and derive first order necessary conditions. These conditions are related to classical shape derivatives by identifying the sharp interface limit with the help of formally matched asymptotic expansions. Finally, we present numerical computations based on a Cahn-Hilliard type gradient descent which demonstrate that the method can be used to solve shape optimization problems for fluids with the help of the new approach.
NJF Newsletter: Issue #2, 2004
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Future
Year: 2004

description: The New Jersey Future newsletter is published bimonthly from September through June each year. This second issue of 2004 contains the following articles: Streamlining Development and Protecting the Highlands, NJF's Smart Growth Award Winners, Transfer of Development Rights to Stop Sprawl, and Products from New Jersey Future.
Melanogaster hirtella
Creators: name: MAZáNEK, Libor
name: VONIČKA, Pavel
name: PREISLER, JiřÍ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Boletales
Paxillaceae
Melanogaster
Melanogaster hirtella

description: Melanogaster hirtella (Loew, 1843) Atlantický druh, který mÁ na územÍ České republiky zřejmě východnÍ hranici areÁlu. Vyskytuje se lokÁlně na nejrůznějšÍch vegetacÍ zarostlých bažinÁch, podmÁčených loukÁch a okrajÍch stojÍcÍch i tekoucÍch vod. SaprofÁgně akvatické larvy žijÍ na okrajÍch vod mezi kořeny rostlin, ze kterých čerpajÍ kyslÍk. Bílý Potok [1b]: 2.VI.2005, 2 ♀♀ (SW); [1c]: 22.V.2003, 1 ♀ (SW). Bukovec PR [3d]: 31.V.2003, 1 ♂ (SW). Černousy [6a]: 14.V.-14.VI.2007, 1 ♀ (MT). Malá Strana PR [21]: 16.-29.V.2003, 9 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (YPT); 29.V.-10. VI.2003, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (YPT); 10.-26.VI.2003, 5 ♀♀ (YPT); 8.VI.2004, 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; 4.VII.2004, 1 ♀ (SW); 15.VI.2005, 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; 3.VI.2008, 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀ (SW); 4.VI.2008, 10 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀ (SW), 4 ♀♀. Meandry Smědé PR [22b]: 19.-31.V.2005, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (YPT); 31.V.-22.VI.2005, 1 ♂ (YPT). Mníšek [24]: 24.V.2003, 16 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ (SW). Oldřichov v Hájích [28b]: 24.V.2003, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (SW). Rašeliniště Jizery NPR [34]: 17.-29.V.2003, 1 ♂ (YPT), 1 ♂ (CFT). Rybí loučky PR [37]: 17.-29.V.2003, 1 ♂ (YPT); 29.V.-10.VI.2003, 1 ♂ (YPT).
description: Published as part of MAZáNEK, Libor, VONIČKA, Pavel & PREISLER, JiřÍ, 2009, Syrphidae (Diptera) of the Jizerské hory Mts and Frýdlant region (northern Bohemia, Czech Republic), pp. 3-46 in Sborník Severočeského Muzea 27 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7153554
Regional differences in public transport preferences: Evidence from Sweden
Creators: name: Göransson, Jessica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is a presentation from the YRS2023 - 11th Young Researchers Seminar, held from 15 to 17 May 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal, hosted by the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil – LNEC (National Laboratory for Civil Engineering).
Self-supervised Image Clustering from Multiple Incomplete Views via Constrastive Complementary Generation
Creators: name: Wang, Jiatai
name: Xu, Zhiwei
name: Yang, Xuewen
name: Guo, Dongjin
name: Liu, Limin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Incomplete Multi-View Clustering aims to enhance clustering performance by using data from multiple modalities. Despite the fact that several approaches for studying this issue have been proposed, the following drawbacks still persist: 1) It's difficult to learn latent representations that account for complementarity yet consistency without using label information; 2) and thus fails to take full advantage of the hidden information in incomplete data results in suboptimal clustering performance when complete data is scarce. In this paper, we propose Contrastive Incomplete Multi-View Image Clustering with Generative Adversarial Networks (CIMIC-GAN), which uses GAN to fill in incomplete data and uses double contrastive learning to learn consistency on complete and incomplete data. More specifically, considering diversity and complementary information among multiple modalities, we incorporate autoencoding representation of complete and incomplete data into double contrastive learning to achieve learning consistency. Integrating GANs into the autoencoding process can not only take full advantage of new features of incomplete data, but also better generalize the model in the presence of high data missing rates. Experiments conducted on \textcolor{black}{four} extensively-used datasets show that CIMIC-GAN outperforms state-of-the-art incomplete multi-View clustering methods.
Integral foliated simplicial volume of hyperbolic 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Löh, Clara
name: Pagliantini, Cristina
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: MANIFOLDS; COMPLEXITY; Simplicial volume; integral foliated simplicial volume; hyperbolic 3-manifolds; measure equivalence
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: Integral foliated simplicial volume is a version of simplicial volume combining the rigidity of integral coefficients with the flexibility of measure spaces. In this article, using the language of measure equivalence of groups we prove a proportionality principle for integral foliated simplicial volume for aspherical manifolds and give refined upper bounds of integral foliated simplicial volume in terms of stable integral simplicial volume. This allows us to compute the integral foliated simplicial volume of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. This is complemented by the calculation of the integral foliated simplicial volume of Seifert 3-manifolds.
Localization of discrete time quantum walks on the glued trees
Creators: name: Ide, Yusuke
name: Konno, Norio
name: Segawa, Etsuo
name: Xu, Xin-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the time averaged distribution of discrete time quantum walks on the glued trees. In order to analyse the walks on the glued trees, we consider a reduction to the walks on path graphs. Using a spectral analysis of the Jacobi matrices defined by the corresponding random walks on the path graphs, we have spectral decomposition of the time evolution operator of the quantum walks. We find significant contributions of the eigenvalues $\pm 1$ of the Jacobi matrices to the time averaged limit distribution of the quantum walks. As a consequence we obtain lower bounds of the time averaged distribution.
description: 10 pages
Structural analysis of strained LaVO$_3$ thin films
Creators: name: Rotella, H.
name: Copie, O.
name: Mouillard-Steciuk, G.
name: Ouerdane, H.
name: Boullay, P.
name: Roussel, P.
name: Morales, M.
name: David, A.
name: Pautrat, A.
name: Mercey, B.
name: Lutterotti, L.
name: Chateigner, D.
name: Prellier, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While structure refinement is routinely achieved for simple bulk materials, the accurate structural determination still poses challenges for thin films due on the one hand to the small amount of material deposited on the thicker substrate and, on the other hand, to the intricate epitaxial relationships that substantially complicate standard X-ray diffraction analysis. Using a combined approach, we analyze the crystal structure of epitaxial LaVO$_3$ thin films grown on (100)-oriented SrTiO$_3$. Transmission electron microscopy study reveals that the thin films are epitaxially grown on SrTiO$_3$ and points to the presence of 90$^{\circ}$ oriented domains. The mapping of the reciprocal space obtained by high resolution X-ray diffraction permits refinement of the lattice parameters. We finally deduce that strain accommodation imposes a monoclinic structure onto the LaVO$_3$ film. The reciprocal space maps are numerically processed and the extracted data computed to refine the atomic positions, which are compared to those obtained using precession electron diffraction tomography. We discuss the obtained results and our methodological approach as a promising thin film structure determination for complex systems.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
Towards optimization of photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers via quantum annealing
Creators: name: Inoue, Takuya
name: Seki, Yuya
name: Tanaka, Shu
name: Togawa, Nozomu
name: Ishizaki, Kenji
name: Noda, Susumu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), which utilize a two-dimensional (2D) optical resonance inside a photonic crystal for lasing, feature various outstanding functionalities such as single-mode high-power operation and arbitrary control of beam polarizations. Although most of the previous designs of PCSELs employ spatially uniform photonic crystals, it is expected that lasing performance can be further improved if it becomes possible to optimize the spatial distribution of photonic crystals. In this paper, we investigate the structural optimization of PCSELs via quantum annealing towards high-power, narrow-beam-divergence operation with linear polarization. The optimization of PCSELs is performed by the iteration of the following three steps: (1) time-dependent 3D coupled-wave analysis of lasing performance, (2) formulation of the lasing performance via a factorization machine, and (3) selection of optimal solution(s) via quantum annealing. By using this approach, we successfully discover an advanced PCSEL with a non-uniform spatial distribution of the band-edge frequency and injection current, which simultaneously enables higher output power, a narrower divergence angle, and a higher linear polarization ratio than conventional uniform PCSELs. Our results potentially indicate the universal applicability of quantum annealing, which has been mainly applied to specific types of discrete optimization problems so far, for various physics and engineering problems in the field of smart manufacturing.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
title: Student and Staff Perceptions and Experiences of Employability at an English School Sixth-Form
Creators: name: Robinson, Ian Wright
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2021

description: There appears to be a disparity between school perceptions of student employability and the expectations of employers. Traditionally, statutory careers guidance has relied upon robust and reliable academic qualifications and transmitted knowledge of employability to prepare students for entry to the workplace. While there has been previous research into student employability, there have been few studies that have explored this notion in the secondary school context and even fewer that have explored the views of both staff and students. The aim of this study is to fill this gap in knowledge, by exploring staff and student perceptions and experiences of employability at a UK sixth-form. In order to address the study’s research questions, staff and student expectations and experiences of employability were explored through a case study of an English school sixth- form. The study was situated in the interpretive paradigm, with qualitative data being collected from face-to-face interviews with the sixth-form vocational education co-ordinator, 11 sixth-form tutors, and four group interviews with a total of 18 sixth-form students. The data were analysed using established thematic analysis techniques, framed by the inter-related concepts of social and cultural capital, the agency of change, vocational habitus, and the workplace community of practice. The key implications for developing student employability in the case study school-sixth form are that: (i) staff should act as mentors in order to develop student employability; (ii) each student should be given the opportunity of being mentored on a regular basis; (iii) each student should be made aware that their expected social goals from employment are likely to depend upon contributing to the organisation of work; (iv) each student should be made aware that their social and cultural capital is untried in the workplace; (v) each student should enter the workplace with a strategy for becoming an employee; (vi) statutory careers guidance should recognise the importance of individual student mentoring for all students in order to encourage an adequate allocation of school resources.
New Jersey Reef News 2002
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Division of Fish and Wildlife
Year: 2002

description: Newsletter of the New Jersey Reef Program, a program to construct hard-substrate reef habitat in the ocean for certain species of fish and shellfish, new fishing grounds for anglers and underwater structures for scuba divers. In constructing and managing reefs, the goal is to spread the benefits of reef resources to as many people as possible. The intent of the program is not to change New Jersey's marine environment, but rather to enhance a small portion, less than 1 percent of the sea floor, to benefit 150 species of marine life that prefer structured habitat.
Melanogaster nuda
Creators: name: MAZáNEK, Libor
name: VONIČKA, Pavel
name: PREISLER, JiřÍ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Boletales
Paxillaceae
Melanogaster
Melanogaster nuda

description: Melanogaster nuda (Macquart, 1829) Evropský druh zasahujÍcÍ až do Turecka a Sýrie. Na většině územÍ České republiky je nejhojnějšÍm druhem rodu. Svým vývojem je vÁzÁn na bylinami zarostlÁ bahnitÁ prameniště a břehy stojatých i tekoucÍch vod. SaprofÁgně akvatické larvy žijÍ v bahně mezi kořeny bylin na okrajÍch vod. Bílý Potok [1b]: 22.V.2003, 1 ♂ (SW); 31.V.2004, 2 ♀♀ (SW); 2.VI.2005, 1 ♂ (SW). Bukovec PR [3c]: 7.VI.2004, 1 ♂ (SW). Kořenov [16a]: 11.VI.2005, 1 ♀ (SW); 19.VI.2006, 1 ♂ (SW). Malá Strana PR [21]: 15.VI.2005, 2 ♀♀; 3.VI.2008, 2 ♂♂ (SW); 4.VI.2008, 1 ♂, 3 ♂♂ (SW). Mníšek [24]: 24.V.2003, 3 ♂♂, 21 ♀♀ (SW). Oldřichov v Hájích [28b]: 24.V.2003, 5 ♀♀ (SW). Tichá říčka PP [44]: 2.-25.VI.2004, 1 ♂ (MT). U Kyselky [46]: 20.VI.-13. VII.2006, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MT).
description: Published as part of MAZáNEK, Libor, VONIČKA, Pavel & PREISLER, JiřÍ, 2009, Syrphidae (Diptera) of the Jizerské hory Mts and Frýdlant region (northern Bohemia, Czech Republic), pp. 3-46 in Sborník Severočeského Muzea 27 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7153554
Extended generalized geometry and a DBI-type effective action for branes ending on branes
Creators: name: Jurco, Branislav
name: Schupp, Peter
name: Vysoky, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the usual bosonic membrane action, we develop the geometry suitable for the description of $p$-brane backgrounds. Using the tools of generalized geometry we derive the generalization of string open-closed relations. Nambu-Poisson structures are used to generalize the concept of semiclassical noncommutativity of $D$-branes governed by Poisson tensor. We naturally describe the correspondence of recently proposed commutative and noncommutative versions of an effective action for $p$-branes ending on a $p'$-brane. We calculate the power series expansion of the action in background independent gauge. Leading terms in the double scaling limit are given by a generalization of a (semi-classical) matrix model.
description: Dedicated to the memory of Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino. Conclusions and Discussion section added, several typos corrected and references added