cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
EXPANSION VS GROWTH: THE CASE OF SAUDI ARABIA
Creators: name: Habib, Edgard Halim
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: This study argues that historical, technical, and institutional variables interact to distinguish oil production from the production of other export commodities. In turn, this distinction burdens an oil economy such as the Saudi economy with a set of unique costs and benefits that are governed by the non-renewable nature of oil deposits. On the one hand, the fact that oil is an exhaustible resource places a time horizon on the associated benefits of its production and export. On the other hand, the vertical integration of the oil industry and its high capital/labor ratios create minimal linkage effects with the domestic economy. Hence, numerous problems of economic management of oil rents confront the Saudi economy since these rents comprise the primary source of the country's national income. In view of these constraints, Saudi Arabia's development experience between 1967-1985 is examined with special emphasis on the need for economic diversification. In assessing the possibilities for diversification, this study traces the Kingdom's development starting with the events that led to its formation as a modern state through the dramatic oil price hikes. The consequent windfalls bestowed on the country contradictory effects of high per capita incomes, extreme vulnerability to export price fluctuations, demographic and spatial dualism, lopsided shares of sectoral value-added in the gross domestic product, and a lack of significant linkage effects between the oil sector and the local economy. The absence of substantial linkage effects is confirmed empirically by estimating several distributed-lag models which examine the relationship between experts and key domestic economic aggregrates. This study concludes that, despite comparative advantage considerations, Saudi Arabia's diversification drive on the basis of its vertically integrated heavy industries sector does not spread development. Light manufacturing geared towards the Gulf region is deemed more conducive to development. Starting with consumer consumption goods and the production of import-substitutes that are energy intensive and moving to consumer durables, basic metals, and chemicals, would mobilize reproducible factors of production more effectively and lay the basis for sustained development and growth.
EXPANSION VS GROWTH: THE CASE OF SAUDI ARABIA
Creators: name: Habib, Edgard Halim
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study argues that historical, technical, and institutional variables interact to distinguish oil production from the production of other export commodities. In turn, this distinction burdens an oil economy such as the Saudi economy with a set of unique costs and benefits that are governed by the non-renewable nature of oil deposits. On the one hand, the fact that oil is an exhaustible resource places a time horizon on the associated benefits of its production and export. On the other hand, the vertical integration of the oil industry and its high capital/labor ratios create minimal linkage effects with the domestic economy. Hence, numerous problems of economic management of oil rents confront the Saudi economy since these rents comprise the primary source of the country's national income. In view of these constraints, Saudi Arabia's development experience between 1967-1985 is examined with special emphasis on the need for economic diversification. In assessing the possibilities for diversification, this study traces the Kingdom's development starting with the events that led to its formation as a modern state through the dramatic oil price hikes. The consequent windfalls bestowed on the country contradictory effects of high per capita incomes, extreme vulnerability to export price fluctuations, demographic and spatial dualism, lopsided shares of sectoral value-added in the gross domestic product, and a lack of significant linkage effects between the oil sector and the local economy. The absence of substantial linkage effects is confirmed empirically by estimating several distributed-lag models which examine the relationship between experts and key domestic economic aggregrates. This study concludes that, despite comparative advantage considerations, Saudi Arabia's diversification drive on the basis of its vertically integrated heavy industries sector does not spread development. Light manufacturing geared towards the Gulf region is deemed more conducive to development. Starting with consumer consumption goods and the production of import-substitutes that are energy intensive and moving to consumer durables, basic metals, and chemicals, would mobilize reproducible factors of production more effectively and lay the basis for sustained development and growth.
Counting the number of $τ$-exceptional sequences over Nakayama algebras
Creators: name: Msapato, Dixy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G20, 16G60 (Primary), 05A10, 05A15, 05A18, 05A19 (Secondary)

description: The notion of a $τ$-exceptional sequence was introduced by Buan and Marsh in 2018 as a generalisation of an exceptional sequence for finite dimensional algebras. We calculate the number of complete $τ$-exceptional sequences over certain classes of Nakayama algebras. In some cases, we obtain closed formulas which also count other well known combinatorial objects and exceptional sequences of path algebras of Dynkin quivers.
description: 33 pages
Stochastic Axion Dark Matter in Axion Landscape
Creators: name: Nakagawa, Shota
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
name: Yin, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stochastic axion dark matter scenario in the axion landscape, where one of the axions is light and stable and therefore explains dark matter. If the axion mass at the potential is a typical value of the curvature along the direction, the potential can be well approximated by a quadratic mass term. On the other hand, if the axion mass happens to be suppressed in the vicinity of the minimum, the potential may be approximated by a quartic potential plus a suppressed quadratic one, for which the initial angle, and thus the axion abundance, can be significantly suppressed compared to the quadratic case. We delineate the viable parameter region by taking account of various observational constraints, and find that a broader range of the inflation scale is allowed. Also, if the curvature of the potential is suppressed over a certain range of the potential, the onset of coherent oscillations can be delayed. Then, the axion dark matter with a small decay constant is possible. We also discuss the πnflation mechanism to realize the hilltop initial condition in the stochastic axion scenario.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures
Sounama (Stenaulophrys) dentata Liang & Webb 2002, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Liang, A. - P.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Aphrophoridae
Sounama
Sounama dentata

description: Sounama (Stenaulophrys) dentata sp. nov.
(®gures 87, 88, 110)
Length: 4.8±5.0 mm, 5.4 mm.
 External characters as in S. (Sounama) acuta but vertex without a medial longitudinal carina.
 Male genitalia similar to borneensis but subgenital plate (®gure 88) with expanded basal region very short, outer margin strongly tapered to long, posterodorsally directed, spine-like apical process and aedeagal shaft (®gure 87) with a ventral subapical projection.
 Etymology. Named for the presence of a ventral tooth on the aedeagal shaft.
 Material examined. HOLOTYPE, China: Guangxi, Tianlin, Langping, 30 May 1982 (J.-K. Yang) (IZCAS). PARATYPES: China: 1, 1 Guangxi, Jinxiu, Mt Dayaoshan, 13 June 1982 (F.-S. Li) (IZCAS).
 Distribution. Southwestern China (Guangxi).
description: Published as part of Liang, A. - P. & Webb, M. D., 2002, New taxa and revisionary notes in Rhinaulacini spittlebugs from southern Asia (Homoptera: Cercopidae), pp. 729-756 in Journal of Natural History 36 (6) on page 753, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110062336, http://zenodo.org/record/4757353
FOLK TO NATIONAL CULTURE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY MONTGOMERY COUNTY: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ETHNOHISTORICAL EVIDENCE FROM A MARYLAND PIEDMONT PLANTATION
Creators: name: Sorensen, James Delmer
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this research was to confirm archaeologically and ethnohistorically the presence of a traditional folk culture in nineteenth century Montgomery County and to document the mid-nineteenth century changes and expansions which were occurring in this regional tradition as it responded to pressures from a then-emerging more national culture. The problem centered around certain artifact material excavated from the Riggs family plantation called Oaks II. Why did its first owners, Reubin and Mary Riggs, scions of wealthy families and themselves the owners of 17 slaves, live with their seven children in a two-room log house and leave behind cast-off items little distinguishable from the middling farmer? The first part of the research answered this question by proposing a pattern of regional culture for the area with folk principles as leveling devices. The second part of the research uncovered when and how this living pattern was interrupted, for the artifacts, archives, and architecture of the mid-nineteenth century have a different cast and appearance. The analysis used a number of theoretical frameworks. Ideology was explored from approaches of a cognitive or structuralist position. Environmental concerns were analyzed incorporating traditional approaches in cultural ecology. Less common in archaeology is an interest in the individual's role in the process of culture change. That role in the ideological and ecological systems was examined using approaches from the anthropology of decision-making. By combining the ethnohistorical and archaeological analyses, the historical overview and material cultural data provided a basis for the intra-site comparison between a large, early nineteenth century Ice House feature and a later mid-century Kitchen addition. These features also provided the basis for an inter-site comparison with certain other plantations, especially in the southern coastal areas of the Lower South. The results of the ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence were placed in narrative form. What emerged was a scenario for change along a border area of the Upland South during the mid-nineteenth century, showing how the availability and use of a certain inventory of material artifacts caused and was staged by the ideologies of folk and national cultures.
Periurban Agriculture: do the Current EU Agri-environmental Policy Programmes Fit with it?
Creators: name: Arata, Linda
name: Guastella, Gianni
name: Pareglio, Stefano
name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Sckokai, Paolo
name: Arata, Linda
name: Guastella, Gianni
name: Pareglio, Stefano
name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Sckokai, Paolo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Periurban Agriculture
subject: Agri-environmental Policy
subject: Choice Experiment
subject: Random Parameter Logit Model
subject: Error Component
subject: WTP Space

description: In the European Union (EU) periurban agriculture is under the same agri-environmental policy regime designed for general agriculture. We argue that the specific needs of periurban agriculture may justify ad hoc agri-environmental policy measures. We present results from a Choice Experiment (CE) performed on a sample of 600 people living in the municipality of Milan, which was designed to assess the willingness to pay (WTP) for ecological benefits generated by four agri-environmental practices implementable in the periurban area and already included in the Rural Development Programmes of the Lombardy region. Results suggest that a large population share is willing to pay to support an increase in the use of the agricultural practices studied with an average WTP ranging between 5.6 to 16.3 euro/person/year, according to the type of practice. These results are in contrast with their current low level of adoption. The sub-optimal uptake rate is likely due to an insufficient per hectare compensating payment, which is too low to cover the income foregone consequent to the adoption of sustainable agriculture measures in this area. The mismatch between the low uptake rate and the high social benefits generated by the four agri-environmental agricultural practices sheds light on the need to design agri-environmental policy programmes specifically targeted to periurban areas, where the costs of compliance with AEMs are high and the social benefits of their adoption are large.
The Impact of China’s Electricity Deregulation on Coal and Power Industries: Two-stage Game Modeling Approach
Creators: name: Liu, HuiHui
name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
name: Chen, ZhanMing
name: Dou, DeSheng
name: Liu, HuiHui
name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
name: Chen, ZhanMing
name: Dou, DeSheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: China
subject: Electricity Deregulation,
subject: Reform
subject: Coal Industry
subject: Power Industry

description: The regulated price mechanism in China’s power industry has attracted much criticism because of its incapability to optimize the allocation of resources. To build an “open, orderly, competitive and complete” power market system, the Chinese government launched an unprecedented marketization reform in 2015 to deregulate the electricity price. This paper examines the impact of the electricity price deregulation in the industry level. We first construct two-stage dynamic game models by taking the coal and coal-fired power industries as the players. Using the models, we compare analytically the equilibriums with and without electricity regulation, and examine the changes in electricity price, electricity generation, coal price and coal traded quantity. The theoretical analyses show that there are three intervals of the regulated electricity sales prices which influence the impact of electricity price deregulation. Next, we collect empirical data to estimate the parameters in the game models, and simulate the influence of electricity deregulation on the two industries in terms of market outcome and industrial profitability. Our results suggest that the actual regulated electricity price falls within the medium interval of the theoretical results, which means the price deregulation will result in higher electricity sales price but lower coal price, less coal traded amount and less electricity generation amount. The robustness analysis shows that our results hold with respect to the electricity generation efficiency and price elasticity of electricity demand.
Officers' Club Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana
Creators: name: Creator not identified.
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1942
Subjects: subject: World War II
subject: 12th General Hospital
subject: Souvenirs
subject: Membership cards
subject: Officers' clubs
subject: Fort Benjamin Harrison (Ind.)

description: Membership card for Officers' Cub at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana issued to Captain Frederick Hoebel.
Fivebranes from gauge theory
Creators: name: Lin, Hai
name: Maldacena, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theories with sixteen supercharges and a discrete energy spectrum. One class of theories has symmetry group $SU(2|4)$. They arise as truncations of ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang Mills. They include the plane wave matrix model, 2+1 super Yang Mills on $R \times S^2$ and ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang Mills on $R \times S^3/Z_k$. We explain how to obtain their gravity duals in a unified way. We explore the regions of the geometry that are relevant for the study of some 1/2 BPS and near BPS states. This leads to a class of two dimensional (4,4) supersymmetric sigma models with non-zero $H$ flux, including a massive deformed WZW model. We show how to match some features of the string spectrum with the Yang Mills theory. The other class of theories are also connected to ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang Mills and arise by making some of the transverse scalars compact. Their vacua are characterized by a 2d Yang Mills theory or 3d Chern Simons theory. These theories realize peculiar superpoincare symmetry algebras in 2+1 or 1+1 dimensions with "non-central" charges. We finally discuss gravity duals of ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang Mills on $AdS_3 \times S^1$.
description: 50+24 pages, 9 figures, latex. v2: typos corrected, references added
The architecture of Recent brachiopod shells: diversity of biocrystal and biopolymer assemblages in rhynchonellide, terebratulide, thecideide and craniide shells
Creators: name: Simonet Roda, Maria
name: Griesshaber, Erika
name: Angiolini, Lucia
name: Rollion-Bard, Claire
name: Harper, Elizabeth M.
name: Bitner, Maria Aleksandra
name: Milner Garcia, Sara
name: Ye, Facheng
name: Henkel, Daniela
name: Häussermann, Vreni
name: Eisenhauer, Anton
name: Gnägi, Helmut
name: Brand, Uwe
name: Logan, Alan
name: Schmahl, Wolfgang W.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Review, Concept, and Synthesis
Diversity of brachiopod crystal and biopolymer assembly
Determinants of microstructure and texture
Brachiopod microstructure and lifestyle
Brachiopod microstructure and environment
EBSD
AFM

description: Abstract: Biological hard tissues are a rich source of design concepts for the generation of advanced materials. They represent the most important library of information on the evolution of life and its environmental conditions. Organisms produce soft and hard tissues in a bottom-up process, a construction principle that is intrinsic to biologically secreted materials. This process emerged early on in the geological record, with the onset of biological mineralization. The phylum Brachiopoda is a marine animal group that has an excellent and continuous fossil record from the early Cambrian to the Recent. Throughout this time interval, the Brachiopoda secreted phosphate and carbonate shells and populated many and highly diverse marine habitats. This required great flexibility in the adaptation of soft and hard tissues to the different marine environments and living conditions. This review presents, juxtaposes and discusses the main modes of mineral and biopolymer organization in Recent, carbonate shell-producing, brachiopods. We describe shell tissue characteristics for taxa of the orders Rhynchonellida, Terebratulida, Thecideida and Craniida. We highlight modes of calcite and organic matrix assembly at the macro-, micro-, and nano-scales based on results obtained by Electron Backscatter Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. We show variation in composite hard tissue organization for taxa with different lifestyles, visualize nanometer-scale calcite assemblies for rhynchonellide and terebratulide fibers, highlight thecideide shell microstructure, texture and chemistry characteristics, and discuss the feasibility to use thecideide shells as archives of proxies for paleoenvironment and paleoclimate reconstructions.
FOLK TO NATIONAL CULTURE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY MONTGOMERY COUNTY: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ETHNOHISTORICAL EVIDENCE FROM A MARYLAND PIEDMONT PLANTATION
Creators: name: Sorensen, James Delmer
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4301
subject: Archaeology

description: The purpose of this research was to confirm archaeologically and ethnohistorically the presence of a traditional folk culture in nineteenth century Montgomery County and to document the mid-nineteenth century changes and expansions which were occurring in this regional tradition as it responded to pressures from a then-emerging more national culture. The problem centered around certain artifact material excavated from the Riggs family plantation called Oaks II. Why did its first owners, Reubin and Mary Riggs, scions of wealthy families and themselves the owners of 17 slaves, live with their seven children in a two-room log house and leave behind cast-off items little distinguishable from the middling farmer? The first part of the research answered this question by proposing a pattern of regional culture for the area with folk principles as leveling devices. The second part of the research uncovered when and how this living pattern was interrupted, for the artifacts, archives, and architecture of the mid-nineteenth century have a different cast and appearance. The analysis used a number of theoretical frameworks. Ideology was explored from approaches of a cognitive or structuralist position. Environmental concerns were analyzed incorporating traditional approaches in cultural ecology. Less common in archaeology is an interest in the individual's role in the process of culture change. That role in the ideological and ecological systems was examined using approaches from the anthropology of decision-making. By combining the ethnohistorical and archaeological analyses, the historical overview and material cultural data provided a basis for the intra-site comparison between a large, early nineteenth century Ice House feature and a later mid-century Kitchen addition. These features also provided the basis for an inter-site comparison with certain other plantations, especially in the southern coastal areas of the Lower South. The results of the ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence were placed in narrative form. What emerged was a scenario for change along a border area of the Upland South during the mid-nineteenth century, showing how the availability and use of a certain inventory of material artifacts caused and was staged by the ideologies of folk and national cultures.
title: The duration of volcanic eruptions: empirical probabilistic forecasting models based on historic eruption data
Creators: name: Gunn, Leanne Sarah
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2014

description: The ability to forecast future volcanic eruption durations would greatly benefit emergency response planning. A probabilistic model to forecast the duration of eruptions is presented here. The model relies on past eruptions being a good indicator of future activity. Datasets of historic eruptions from Mt. Etna (flank only), Kilauea, Piton de la Foumaise (PdlF) and Iceland have been compiled through a critical examination of existing literature and careful consideration of uncertainties in reported dates. The eruptions from Mt. Etna, Kilauea and PdlF are all basaltic effusive eruptions, however, the Icelandic dataset is more diverse and seven types of duration have been identified and are assessed independently. These datasets have also enabled an assessment of repose intervals (eruption end to eruption start) to be conducted. Eruption duration and repose interval data are modelled using exponential, Weibull, log-logistic and Burr type XII distributions with parameters found by maximum likelihood estimation. Log-logistic distributions are found to often provide the best-fit to the observed data. Survivor function statistics are applied to the best-fit theoretical distribution of each dataset and used to forecast (a) the probability of an eruption exceeding a given duration, (b) the probability of an on-going eruption (having reached t days) exceeding a specified total duration and (c) the minimum duration associated with a given probability. Eruption duration analyses at individual volcanic systems show systematic variations with time and different time periods have different duration regimes. Comparisons of the erupted volumes associated with these duration regimes show that volume is an important control on eruption duration. Average eruption rates also determine eruption duration and comparisons of data from Kilauea, PdlF and volcanic systems from different regions of Iceland have led to the hypothesis that volcano spreading rate may have an important control on eruption rate and subsequently eruption duration.
Public Access to Research Data: Guidance, Culture, and Practice
Creators: name: Smith, Tobin
name: Tarrant, Philip
name: Bruno, Ian
name: Stall, Shelley
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This seminar is part of a series to provide societies and their journals with information and resources to help their communities be more knowledgeable and prepared to share data (and software) in a way that is relevant and meaningful for each discipline. This is a 12-month series. Following the planned presentation, participants will have ~30 minutes of Q&A and discussion specific to society engagement to improve data sharing, credit, and transparency. Public Access to Research Data: Guidance, Culture, and Practice  2 April 2021, 10am ET (1400 UTC) Moderator:  Ian Bruno, Head of Strategic Partnerships, The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre Speakers:  Toby Smith, Vice President for Policy, Association of American Universities
  Philip Tarrant, Research Data Management Officer, Arizona State University Seminar Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhfypEO1TCM Resources referenced during the presentation: AAU-APLU Public Access Working Group Report and Recommendations (2017), https://www.aau.edu/key-issues/aau-aplu-public-access-working-group-report-and-recommendations NASEM on April 28-29 on "Changing the Culture of Data Management and Sharing - A Workshop, https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/04-29-2021/changing-the-culture-of-data-management-and-sharing-a-workshop In terms of changing metrics by which excellence in academia is assessed, HumetricsHSS is an interesting effort https://www.ssrc.org/programs/component/digital-culture/humetricshss/ ASU Institutional Repository: https://dataverse.asu.edu/ Data Management Training resources: https://www.rd-alliance.org/groups/education-and-training-handling-research-data.html, https://elixir-europe.org/, https://dmtclearinghouse.esipfed.org/ The Portage Network is dedicated to the shared stewardship of research data in Canada, https://portagenetwork.ca/ On the topic of funders and discussions, the Research Data Alliance does host a group that brings funders together to discuss these issues https://www.rd-alliance.org/about-rda/governance/rda-funders-forum The CARE principle are an important partner to the FAIR principles: https://www.gida-global.org/care Thank you to seminar series collaborators: AAAS/Science American Astronomical Society American Chemical Society American Geophysical Union American Meteorological Society, Board on Data Stewardship Council of Scientific Society Presidents Federation of American Societies For Experimental Biology Federation of Associations in Behavioral and Brain Sciences International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thank you to the National Science Foundation for their support: Grant ID 1838990
description: Special thank you to Laura Lyon of AGU and her support organizing and managing this seminar.
Quantum causality and the arrows of time and thermodynamics
Creators: name: Donoghue, John F.
name: Menezes, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the understanding of the fundamental interactions, the origin of an arrow of time is viewed as problematic. However, quantum field theory has an arrow of causality, which tells us which time direction is the past lightcone and which is the future. This direction is tied to the conventions used in the quantization procedures. The different possible causal directions have related physics - in this sense they are covariant under time-reversal. However, only one causal direction emerges for a given set of conventions. This causal arrow tells us the direction that scattering reactions proceed. The time direction of scattering in turn tells us the time direction for which entropy increases - the so-called arrow of thermodynamics. This connection is overlooked in most discussions of the arrow of time.
description: This second version has a re-ordered and expanded discussion (to enhance the QFT perspective) and two new sections. The title is slightly changed. This is the version which was published in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol 115, 103812 (2020). 15 pages, 2 figures
1915-04-20 G.V. Black to McKay
Creators: name: Black, G. V. (Greene Vardiman), 1836-1915.
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1915
Subjects: Dental Fluorosis
Tooth Abnormalities
Fluoridation
Colorado

description: Title: G.V. Black to McKay Container: c02 id: level:
SOURCES OF EXTERNAL DEPENDENCE IN THE ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Thimmayya, Colvandra Madappa
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The purpose of the study was to examine the reasons for the continued participation of industrial nations in the international political economy even though participation resulted in negative effects on the domestic political economy. The research hypothesis posited that domestic political and economic factors were substantially more important than international or systemic factors in explaining the level of trade dependence of industrial economies. To test the hypothesis, 13 variables--9 domestic and 5 systemic--were tested for their relationship to external trade dependence. In the first stage of the analysis the independent variables were tested for their correlation with the indexes for external dependence. At the second stage those independent variables that correlated with the dependent variable(s) were regressed on external dependence to evaluate their cumulative impact on the dependent variable. The domestic variables that contributed to the explanation of external dependence were the level of equity and government response to demands for social well-being. The systemic factors that contributed to explaining external dependence of the industrialized nations were international transportation and the impact of the less developed countries on the international economic system. These findings suggest that governments in democratic societies are limited in their policy choices to contain external dependence and its impact on domestic institutions. The contribution of international transportation to external dependence implies that governments cannot influence technological impacts at the international level. The impact of the less developed countries on external dependence is less clear because the exports of these countries actually declined during the time period in the analysis. The relationship of domestic variables to external dependence suggests that the democratization of the domestic political economy may enhance external dependence. Progressive government policies that seek to enhance equity and temper social risk may actually increase external dependence. However because such policies are popular with the electorate, limiting their scope to reduce external dependence is unlikely in democratic societies.
Energy Price Reform in China
Creators: name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Energy Prices
subject: Tiered Prices
subject: Differentiated Tariffs
subject: Coal, Electricity
subject: Natural Gas
subject: Petroleum Products
subject: Renewable Power
subject: Desulfurization and Denitrification
subject: State-owned Enterprises
subject: China

description: The Chinese leadership has determined to assign the market a decisive role in allocating resources. To have the market to play that role, getting the energy prices right is crucial because this sends clear signals to both producers and consumers of energy. While the overall trend of China’s energy pricing reform since 1984 has been moving away from the prices set by the central government in the centrally planned economy and towards a more market-oriented pricing mechanism, the pace and scale of the reform differ across energy types. This article discusses the evolution of price reforms for coal, petroleum products, natural gas, electricity and renewable power in China, and provides some analysis of these energy price reforms, in order to have the market to play a decisive role in allocating resources and help China’s transition to a low-carbon economy.
SOURCES OF EXTERNAL DEPENDENCE IN THE ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Thimmayya, Colvandra Madappa
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of the study was to examine the reasons for the continued participation of industrial nations in the international political economy even though participation resulted in negative effects on the domestic political economy. The research hypothesis posited that domestic political and economic factors were substantially more important than international or systemic factors in explaining the level of trade dependence of industrial economies. To test the hypothesis, 13 variables--9 domestic and 5 systemic--were tested for their relationship to external trade dependence. In the first stage of the analysis the independent variables were tested for their correlation with the indexes for external dependence. At the second stage those independent variables that correlated with the dependent variable(s) were regressed on external dependence to evaluate their cumulative impact on the dependent variable. The domestic variables that contributed to the explanation of external dependence were the level of equity and government response to demands for social well-being. The systemic factors that contributed to explaining external dependence of the industrialized nations were international transportation and the impact of the less developed countries on the international economic system. These findings suggest that governments in democratic societies are limited in their policy choices to contain external dependence and its impact on domestic institutions. The contribution of international transportation to external dependence implies that governments cannot influence technological impacts at the international level. The impact of the less developed countries on external dependence is less clear because the exports of these countries actually declined during the time period in the analysis. The relationship of domestic variables to external dependence suggests that the democratization of the domestic political economy may enhance external dependence. Progressive government policies that seek to enhance equity and temper social risk may actually increase external dependence. However because such policies are popular with the electorate, limiting their scope to reduce external dependence is unlikely in democratic societies.
Maximum dispersion and geometric maximum weight cliques
Creators: name: Fekete, Sandor P.
name: Meijer, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2

description: We consider a facility location problem, where the objective is to ``disperse'' a number of facilities, i.e., select a given number k of locations from a discrete set of n candidates, such that the average distance between selected locations is maximized. In particular, we present algorithmic results for the case where vertices are represented by points in d-dimensional space, and edge weights correspond to rectilinear distances. Problems of this type have been considered before, with the best result being an approximation algorithm with performance ratio 2. For the case where k is fixed, we establish a linear-time algorithm that finds an optimal solution. For the case where k is part of the input, we present a polynomial-time approximation scheme.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, Latex, to appear in Algorithmica
Recalculating the Social Cost of Carbon
Creators: name: Shayegh, Soheil
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Dietz, Simon
name: Emmerling, Johannes
name: Hambel, Christoph
name: Jensen, Svenn
name: Kraft, Holger
name: Tavoni, Massimo
name: Traeger, Christian
name: Van Der Ploeg, Rick
name: Shayegh, Soheil
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Dietz, Simon
name: Emmerling, Johannes
name: Hambel, Christoph
name: Jensen, Svenn
name: Kraft, Holger
name: Tavoni, Massimo
name: Traeger, Christian
name: Van Der Ploeg, Rick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Integrated Assessment Models
subject: Climate Policy
subject: Carbon
subject: Uncertainty

description: Over the last few decades, integrated assessment models (IAM) have provided insight into the relationship between climate change, economy, and climate policies. The limitations of these models in capturing uncertainty in climate parameters, heterogeneity in damages and policies, have given rise to skepticism about the relevance of these models for policy making. IAM community needs to respond to these critics and to the new challenges posed by developments in the policy arena. New climate targets emerging from the Paris Agreement and the uncertainty about the signatories’ commitment to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are prime examples of challenges that need to be addressed in the next generation of IAMs. Given these challenges, calculating the social cost of carbon requires a new framework. This can be done by computing marginal abatement cost in cost-effective settings which provides different results than those calculated using constrained cost-benefit analysis. Here we focus on the areas where IAMs can be deployed to asses uncertainty and risk management, learning, and regional heterogeneity in climate change impacts.
The Neutrino Casimir Force
Creators: name: Costantino, Alexandria
name: Fichet, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the low energy effective theory of the weak interaction, a macroscopic force arises when pairs of neutrinos are exchanged. We calculate the neutrino Casimir force between plates, allowing for two different mass eigenstates within the loop. We also provide the general potential between point sources. We discuss the possibility of distinguishing whether neutrinos are Majorana or Dirac fermions using these quantum forces.
description: 9 pages & appendices, 3 figures. v2: Minor edits, matches JHEP version
title: Cold atoms for deterministic quantum computation with one qubit
Creators: name: Mansell, Christopher William
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2014

description: In this thesis, I describe a proposal for experiments with dense ensembles of ultracold Rubidium atoms optically excited to highlying electronic states known as Rydberg states. The proposed experiment is designed to implement a model of quantum computation known as deterministic quantum computation with one qubit (DQC1). My proposal is novel among other proposals for Rydberg atoms because it employs mixed states and could provide insights into the source of the enhancements of quantum technology over classical technology. I demonstrate that ultracold atoms and Rydberg interactions offer new perspectives for exploring the DQC1 model. This is mainly due to the large strength, long range and controllability of Rydberg interactions. My specific contributions include: a proposal that solves one of the main issues with implementing quantum logic gates between ensembles of atoms; numerical simulations of the proposed cold atom implementation of a DQC1 protocol; and the design and laboratory implementation of a high-performance optical system for imaging ultracold atoms. These contributions bring the experimental exploration of the DQC1 model closer to realisation.
International Environmental Agreements - Stability with Transfers among Countries
Creators: name: Diamantoudi, Effrosyni
name: Sartzetakis, Eftichios
name: Strantza, Stefania
name: Diamantoudi, Effrosyni
name: Sartzetakis, Eftichios
name: Strantza, Stefania
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Environmental Agreements Heterogeneous Countries
subject: Transfers

description: The paper examines the stability of self-enforcing International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) among heterogeneous countries, allowing for transfers. We employ a two-stage, non-cooperative model of coalition formation. In the first stage each country decides whether or not to join the agreement, while in the second stage countries choose their emissions simultaneously. Coalition members agree also to share the gains from cooperation in the first stage. We use quadratic benefit and environmental damage functions and assume two types of countries differing in their sensitivity to the global pollutant. In examining the impact of transfers on the coalition size, we apply the notion of Potential Internal Stability (PIS). Results show that transfers can increase cooperation among heterogeneous countries. However, the increase in the coalition size, relative to the case without transfers, comes only from countries belonging to the type with the lower environmental damages, which are drawn into the coalition by the transfers offered. Furthermore, the level of cooperation increases with the degree of heterogeneity. However, the reduction in aggregate emissions achieved by the enlarged coalition is very small leading to dismal improvement in welfare, which confirms the "paradox of cooperation".
The genetic architecture of DNA replication timing in human pluripotent stem cells.
Creators: name: Ding, Qiliang
name: Edwards, Matthew M
name: Wang, Ning
name: Zhu, Xiang
name: Bracci, Alexa N
name: Hulke, Michelle L
name: Hu, Ya
name: Tong, Yao
name: Hsiao, Joyce
name: Charvet, Christine J
name: Ghosh, Sulagna
name: Handsaker, Robert E
name: Eggan, Kevin
name: Merkle, Florian T
name: Gerhardt, Jeannine
name: Egli, Dieter
name: Clark, Andrew G
name: Koren, Amnon
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pluripotent Stem Cells
Humans
Histones
Transcription Factors
DNA Methylation
DNA Replication Timing
Gene Expression Regulation
Histone Code
Acetylation
Quantitative Trait Loci
Genome, Human
Female
Male
Datasets as Topic
Whole Genome Sequencing
Biological Variation, Population

description: DNA replication follows a strict spatiotemporal program that intersects with chromatin structure but has a poorly understood genetic basis. To systematically identify genetic regulators of replication timing, we exploited inter-individual variation in human pluripotent stem cells from 349 individuals. We show that the human genome's replication program is broadly encoded in DNA and identify 1,617 cis-acting replication timing quantitative trait loci (rtQTLs) - sequence determinants of replication initiation. rtQTLs function individually, or in combinations of proximal and distal regulators, and are enriched at sites of histone H3 trimethylation of lysines 4, 9, and 36 together with histone hyperacetylation. H3 trimethylation marks are individually repressive yet synergistically associate with early replication. We identify pluripotency-related transcription factors and boundary elements as positive and negative regulators of replication timing, respectively. Taken together, human replication timing is controlled by a multi-layered mechanism with dozens of effectors working combinatorially and following principles analogous to transcription regulation.
Entwaldungsfreie Agrarrohstoffe – Analyse relevanter Soja-Zertifizierungssysteme für Futtermittel
Deforestation-free agricultural raw materials - analysis of relevant soy certification schemes for feed
Creators: name: Hargita, Yvonne
name: Hinkes, Cordula
name: Bick, Ulrich Bick
name: Peter, Günter
name: Hargita, Yvonne
name: Hinkes, Cordula
name: Bick, Ulrich Bick
name: Peter, Günter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Zertifizierung
subject: Entwaldung
subject: Lieferketten
subject: Soja
subject: FEFAC
subject: Certification Schemes
subject: Deforestation
subject: Supply Chains
subject: Soy

description: The production of soy is an important driver for the deforestation of primary forests, especially in Brazil. The European Union, and in particular Germany, is a relevant importer of soy and thereby indirectly contributes to the ongoing deforestation. With the Amsterdam Declaration in 2015, the German government together with other European countries declared their willingness to support the private sector’s goal to eliminate deforestation from agricultural supply chains by 2020. Usually companies use certification schemes to ensure deforestation-free sourcing and in general the compliance with social or ecological requirements. Our analysis of those soy certification schemes that are compliant with the Soy Sourcing Guidelines of the European Feed Manufacturers' Federation has shown that requirements between the schemes are quite different. The evaluation of standards related to the conservation of natural ecosystems, good agricultural practice, social criteria, auditing and traceability systems, identified ISCC PLUS and ISCC EU as the schemes with the highest overall scores. ProTerra and RTRS have high requirements in place, as well. These certification schemes are in line with the political goals of the Amsterdam Declaration, but also with the voluntary commitments of relevant private sector organizations and business networks, such as the Consumer Goods Forum.
description: DOI:10.3220/WP1526991593000
Magnetocaloric effect in one-dimensional antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Zhitomirsky, M. E.
name: Honecker, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An external magnetic field induces large relative changes in the entropy of one-dimensional quantum spin systems at finite temperatures. This leads to a magnetocaloric effect, i.e. a change in temperature during an adiabatic (de)magnetization process. Several examples of one-dimensional spin-1/2 models are studied by employing the Jordan-Wigner transformation and exact diagonalization. During an adiabatic (de)magnetization process temperature drops in the vicinity of a field-induced zero-temperature quantum phase transition. Comparing different levels of frustration, we find that more frustrated systems cool down to lower temperatures. For geometrically frustrated spin models a finite entropy survives down to zero temperature at certain magnetic fields. This property suggests frustrated quantum spin systems as promising alternative refrigerant materials for low-temperature magnetic refrigeration.
description: accepted version, 20 pages