Corynoneura franciscoi Wiedenbrug & Lamas & Trivinho-Strixino 2012, sp. n.
Creators: name: Wiedenbrug, Sofia
name: Lamas, Carlos E.
name: Trivinho-Strixino, Susana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Corynoneura
Corynoneura franciscoi

description: Corynoneura franciscoi sp. n.   
(Figs 15–16)  
 Type material. Holotype pharate male with pupal and larval exuviae, BRAZIL, SP, Pedregulho, P. E. Furnas do Bom Jesus, 14.ix.2007, on Corydalus n° 15. Paratypes: three larvae same data as holotype; one larva, SP, São Carlos, Fazenda Canchim, Córrego do Canchim, 858 m a.s.l. 27°57.996´S, 47° 50.604´W, 29.v.2011, on Corydalus.   
 Diagnostic characters. The male of Corynoneura franciscoi can be differentiated from other species with straight transverse sternapodeme and with phallapodeme attachment placed in the caudal apex of the sternapodeme by following characters, antenna with 11 flagellomeres, apex of hind tibia with a curved shaped seta, anterior margin of gonocoxite with several longer setae directed to median, phallapodeme posterior margin rounded and gonostylus without crista dorsalis. The pupa has a scutal tubercle, abdomen with 3 short lateral setae and anal lobe rectangular, without macrosetae and median setae. The larva of C. franciscoi sp. n. is characterized by the antennae shorter than postmentum length, mentum with three subequal median teeth, spine on posterior pseudopods long (longer than 100 µm) simple or slightly split at the base.   
 Etymology. Named after Francisco Valente Neto, collector of the type-series.   
 Description   
 Male (n = 1)   
Total length 1.25 mm.  
Head. AR = 0.24. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere 65 µm (Fig. 15 A). Flagellomeres with more than one row of setae each. Eyes pubescent.  
Thorax. Antepronotal lobes dorsally tapering.  
Legs. Hind tibial scale with curved seta (Figs 15 B–C).  
Hypopygium (Figs 15 D–E). Tergite IX with 4 setae. Laterosternite IX with 1 seta. Gonocoxite anterior median margin with longer setae. Superior volsella absent. Inferior volsella low apically on gonocoxite margin. Aedeagal lobe apparently absent. Transverse sternapodeme straight, phallapodeme caudal attached. Phallapodeme posterior margin rounded. Gonostylus without crista dorsalis.  
Metric and meristic features in Table 1.  
 Pupa (n = 1)   
Total length 1.30 mm.  
Cephalothorax. Thorax slightly rugose, scutal tubercle present, with wide and short spinules (Fig. 16 A). Wing sheaths apparently without row of pearls.  
Abdomen (Figs 16 B–D). Sternites and tergites I and II not observed. Tergite III with posterior row of spinules median interrupted, if fine shagreen present not observed. Tergites IV and V with fine shagreen and posterior row of slightly larger spinules, median interrupted. Tergites VI–IX with fine homogeneous shagreen. Conjunctives TIII/ IV and TIV/V with hooklets. Segments III-VIII with 3 short L-setae. Anal lobe rectangular (Fig. 16 B). Anal lobe with fringe restricted to posterior margin, macrosetae and inner setae absent. Corner of anal lobe darker sclerotized with small spine.  
Metric and meristic features in Table 3.  
 Larva (n = 4–5)   
Head (Fig. 16 E). Postmentum 155–165 µm long. Head capsule integument smooth. Mentum with three median teeth, intern median tooth slightly smaller than extern median teeth, six additional lateral teeth (Fig. 16 G). Antenna 128–135 µm long, segments two and three brown, not drawn (Fig. 16 F).  
Abdomen. Body setae simple, strong and long, about half as long as segment width. Subbasal seta on posterior parapod long apparently simple but in some cases slightly split at the base (Fig. 16 I).  
Metric and meristic features in Table 4.  
 Remarks. All examined larvae were sampled from larvae of Corydalus spp. (Megaloptera) in small streams in São Paulo State, Brazil. The pupal cases were found attached to the body of Corydalus, as well as 4th and 3rd instar larvae. However more information of the benthos is necessary to evaluate if the live cycle of C. franciscoi sp. n. is restricted to Corydalus spp. or if the species can also be found in the benthos.   
 Additional material from larvae of Corynoneura found on larva of Argia (Odonata) from Córrego Gallarada, Campos do Jordão, SP, leg Peruquetti 12.xi.1999, was examined. This however has proven to be a different species, since the larvae had a smaller antenna (postmentum length 188 µm, antenna 115µm long, AI 73 µm. AII 27 µm, AIII 12 µm, AIV 3 µm and seta on posterior parapod simple, 97µm) and although the associated pupa also showed no macrosetae, the scutal tubercle was composed of pointed spinules differently than by C. franciscoi. The pharate female pupa indicated a presence of two Sca, one slightly smaller than the other and labia funnel shaped.   
 Other similar pupal exuviae with rectangular anal lobe, developed scutal tubercle, short l-setae and without macrosetae were also recorded by Wiedenbrug (2000, Corynoneura Gruppe spec. 17) from mountain streams in Rio Grande do Sul State and were also collected at streams from Minas Gerais State (Toca da Raposa, Vila de Maringá, Bocaína de Minas) by the first author.
description: Published as part of Wiedenbrug, Sofia, Lamas, Carlos E. & Trivinho-Strixino, Susana, 2012, 3574, pp. 1-61 in Zootaxa 3574 on pages 29-32