cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Water vapor at a translational temperature of one kelvin
Creators: name: Rieger, T.
name: Junglen, T.
name: Rangwala, S. A.
name: Rempe, G.
name: Pinkse, P. W. H.
name: Bulthuis, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the creation of a confined slow beam of heavy-water (D2O) molecules with a translational temperature around 1 kelvin. This is achieved by filtering slow D2O from a thermal ensemble with inhomogeneous static electric fields exploiting the quadratic Stark shift of D2O. All previous demonstrations of electric field manipulation of cold dipolar molecules rely on a predominantly linear Stark shift. Further, on the basis of elementary molecular properties and our filtering technique we argue that our D2O beam contains molecules in only a few ro-vibrational states.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Class LM and word mapping for contextual biasing in End-to-End ASR
Creators: name: Huang, Rongqing
name: Abdel-hamid, Ossama
name: Li, Xinwei
name: Evermann, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In recent years, all-neural, end-to-end (E2E) ASR systems gained rapid interest in the speech recognition community. They convert speech input to text units in a single trainable Neural Network model. In ASR, many utterances contain rich named entities. Such named entities may be user or location specific and they are not seen during training. A single model makes it inflexible to utilize dynamic contextual information during inference. In this paper, we propose to train a context aware E2E model and allow the beam search to traverse into the context FST during inference. We also propose a simple method to adjust the cost discrepancy between the context FST and the base model. This algorithm is able to reduce the named entity utterance WER by 57% with little accuracy degradation on regular utterances. Although an E2E model does not need pronunciation dictionary, it's interesting to make use of existing pronunciation knowledge to improve accuracy. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to map the rare entity words to common words via pronunciation and treat the mapped words as an alternative form to the original word during recognition. This algorithm further reduces the WER on the named entity utterances by another 31%.
description: In Proc. of INTERSPEECH 2020
Methods for the construction of interacting many-body Hamiltonians with compact localized states in geometrically frustrated clusters
Creators: name: Santos, F. D. R.
name: Dias, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adding interactions to many-body Hamiltonians of geometrically frustrated lattices often leads to diminished subspaces of localized states. In this paper, we show how to construct interacting many-body Hamiltonians, starting from the non-interacting tight-binding Hamiltonians, that preserve or even expand these subspaces. The methods presented involve modifications in the one-body network representation of the many-body Hamiltonians which generate new interacting terms in these Hamiltonians. The subspace of many-particle localized states can be preserved in the interacting Hamiltonian, by projecting the interacting terms onto the subspace of many-body extended states or by constructing the interacting Hamiltonian applying origami rules to the network. Expanded subspaces of localized states are found if interacting terms that mix subspaces with different number of particles are introduced. Furthermore, we present numerical methods for the determination of many-body localized states that allows one to address larger clusters and larger number of particles than those accessible by full diagonalization of the interacting Hamiltonian. These methods rely on the generalization of the concept of compact localized state in the network. Finally, we suggest a method to determine localized states that use a considerable fraction of the network.
Una estrategia para la negociación de la deuda externa peruana
Creators: name: Charpentier, Silvia
name: Quijandria, Alvaro
name: Charpentier, Silvia
name: Quijandria, Alvaro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Deuda externa
subject: Gestion de la deuda
subject: Peru
subject: External debt
subject: Debt management

description: El tema de la deuda externa peruana ha sido una de las preocupaciones centrales de economistas, funcionarios gubernamentales y políticos desde hace más de una década. En la actualidad ha cobrado una renovada importancia, particularmente debido al reinicio de las negociaciones con la banca comercial en el marco de un Plan Brady. Silvia Charpentier y Alvaro Quijandría, consultores de GRADE, examinan en este trabajo los antecedentes y la situación actual de la deuda peruana, con el fin de sugerir lineamientos estratégicos para las negociaciones del gobierno peruano con los acreedores extranjeros. Además de hacer planteamientos sobre una estrategia integral para negociar la deuda externa peruana, los autores examinan en detalle las opciones que tiene el Perú en sus negociaciones con la banca privada. Para esto utilizan un modelo de simulación desarrollado por Charpentier que permite evaluar los resultados de acuerdos alternativos con la banca comercial.
The density of very massive evolved galaxies to z~1.7
Creators: name: Saracco, P.
name: Longhetti, M.
name: Severgnini, P.
name: Della Ceca, R.
name: Braito, V.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Bender, R.
name: Drory, N.
name: Feulner, G.
name: Hopp, U.
name: Maraston, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We spectroscopically identified 7 massive evolved galaxies with magnitudes 17.8~1.5, a factor 1.5 lower than the density (8.4(+-1) x 10^{-5} Mpc^{-3}) of early-types with comparable masses at z=0. The incompleteness (30%) of our spectroscopic observations accounts for this discrepancy. Thus, our data do not support a decrease of the comoving density of early-type galaxies with masses comparable to the most massive ones in the local Universe up to z~1.7. This suggests that massive evolved galaxies do not play an important role in the evolution of the mass density outlined by recent surveys in this redshift range, evolution which instead has to be ascribed to the accretion of the stellar mass in late-type galaxies. Finally, the presence of such massive evolved galaxies at these redshifts suggests that the assembly of massive spheroids has taken place at z>2 supporting a high efficiency in the accretion of the stellar mass in massive halos in the early Universe.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters, 5 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of The physical activity paradox revisited: a prospective study on compositional accelerometer data and long-term sickness absence
Creators: name: Gupta, Nidhi
name: Dencker-Larsen, Sofie
name: Rasmussen, Charlotte Lund
name: McGregor, Duncan
name: Rasmussen, Charlotte Diana Nørregaard
name: Thorsen, Sannie Vester
name: Jørgensen, Marie Birk
name: Chastin, Sebastien
name: Holtermann, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Comparison of the results of the study using two different kind of ilrs; (a) work and leisure domain treated as two separate compositions and (b) work and leisure domains treated as two sub compositions of a whole day composition. Additional file 2: The 95% confidence intervals of the difference in the predicted hazards corresponding to the new work and leisure time compositions and the sample compositional mean at work and leisure. Additional file 3: Results of Cox Proportional Hazard model indicating the association between composition of relative MVPA at work and leisure and risk of long-term sickness absence among 929 workers. Additional file 4: Results of the sensitivity analyses adjusting for indicators of SES (type of work and education) and stratifying on three categories of SES on 811 workers who had data SES.
A novel vortex-assisted generation system for hydrokinetic energy harvesting from slow water currents
Creators: name: Azimov, Ulugbek
name: Callaghan, Jack
name: Frozanpoor, Iman
name: Hulsmeier, Callum
name: Kwok, Christopher
name: Nixon, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel system has been developed that harnesses the phenomena of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) from a slow current (<0.5 m/s) of water to generate renewable hydrokinetic energy. It utilizes a single degree-of-freedom pivoting cylinder mechanism coupled with an electromagnetic induction generator. As a result of observation and concept development, the final prototype includes a stationary cylindrical shedder upstream of the oscillator. The system is referred to as "Vortex Assisted Generation" (V.A.G.) throughout the report. Given the novelty of the system, an extensive investigation has been conducted to identify key parameters and functional relationships between system variables, regarding their effect on output voltage, frequency, and power. A range of flow velocities have been established that instigate system lock-in, where the cylinder oscillates at high amplitude and frequency. For the tested prototype up to 37% of system extraction efficiency has been achieved in the lab conditions.
Issues Surrounding a B5 Mandate in Missouri
Creators: name: Meyer, Seth D.
name: Kruse, John R.
name: Meyer, Seth D.
name: Kruse, John R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: John Kruse and Seth Meyer. This report presents a background of diesel consumption and soy-diesel production in Missouri. Two possible profitability scenarios are presented which assume alternative combinations of bio-diesel and soybean oil prices with three possible alternatives related to countercyclical payments, fixed funding, and payment limits on mandated quantities.
Geospatial Assessment of Carbon Stock Inventory by Vegetation Indices in Pai Forest, Sindh, Pakistan
Creators: name: Shafique, Tayyab
name: Zuberi, Muhammad Hashim
name: Shams, Zafar Iqbal
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2021

description: Ranking 5th at global Climate Vulnerability Index, Pakistan is facing massive decline in the forest cover. Therefore, carbon stock of Pai Forest has been investigated which is converted from a riverine-to-irrigated forest. This study incorporates the direct and indirect carbon stock inventory development in 2018 and 2020, respectively, using geospatial assessments for which field-based carbon stock of nine tree species (232 individuals) is calculated in 2018 using allometric models which is then statistically correlated with the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) using Landsat-8 satellites. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were calculated for 2018 and 2020 from 8 quadrats of the forest (each of 800m × 800m) and a regression model was developed using SPSS. Using this model, the indirect estimation of carbon stock was conducted to find out carbon stock of the forest in 2020. Dalbergia sissoo demonstrates the highest potential for carbon sequestration. The results revealed that both NDVI and EVI carbon stock are also declined during in the forest. This carbon stock inventory of Pai Forest will be useful for policymakers to adopt geospatial monitoring assessments while planning sustainable forest management strategies to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 43 (2021)
Scalar hairy black holes and scalarons in the isolated horizons formalism
Creators: name: Corichi, Alejandro
name: Nucamendi, Ulises
name: Salgado, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Isolated Horizons (IH) formalism, together with a simple phenomenological model for colored black holes has been used to predict non-trivial formulae that relate the ADM mass of the solitons and hairy Black Holes of Gravity-Matter system on the one hand, and several horizon properties of the black holes in the other. In this article, the IH formalism is tested numerically for spherically symmetric solutions to an Einstein-Higgs system where hairy black holes were recently found to exist. It is shown that the mass formulae still hold and that, by appropriately extending the current model, one can account for the behavior of the horizon properties of these new solutions. An empirical formula that approximates the ADM mass of hairy solutions is put forward, and some of its properties are analyzed.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures; revtex style; figures added; text updated to match the published paper
Molecular understanding of biochar aging on their properties and environmental significances
Creators: name: Murtaza, Ghulam
name: Usman, Muhammad
name: Ahmed, Zeeshan
name: Shabbir, Rana Nauman
name: Zia, Ullah
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2021

description: Biochar can be applied in various fields, such as carbon sequestration, pollution control, and soil restoration. Biochar unveiled a newly boulevard for sequestration of carbon has presented potential to enhance the productivity of agriculture. Biochar aging process changes its chemical and physical properties, with the formation of a variety of biochar derived organic materials. These changes have important effects for transport and bioavailability of contaminants and nutrients. In this review, render an overview on biochar aging, centering on its structural and chemical properties, and its impact on agriculture productivity and environment. After aging, biochar underwent chemical and structural alteration, such as the introduced functional groups, increased negative charge on surface, higher O: C ratio and enhanced cation exchange capacity. These alterations particularly formation of functional groups and high specific surface area substantially improve nutrient retention and soil fertility by increasing the amount of exchangeable cations in the soil. Therefore, a clear understanding of biochar aging process and their potential impacts on physiochemical and molecular properties of biochar as well as on soil can help to manage soil health in a better way without significantly affecting the surrounding environment.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 43 (2021)
Determination of the Jet Energy Scale at the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Creators: name: Bhatti, A.
name: Canelli, F.
name: Heinemann, B.
name: Adelman, J.
name: Ambrose, D.
name: Arguin, J. -F.
name: Barbaro-Galtieri, A.
name: Budd, H.
name: Chung, Y. S.
name: Chung, K.
name: Cooper, B.
name: Currat, C.
name: D'Onofrio, M.
name: Dorigo, T.
name: Erbacher, R.
name: Field, R.
name: Flanagan, G.
name: Gibson, A.
name: Hatakeyama, K.
name: Happacher, F.
name: Hoffman, D.
name: Introzzi, G.
name: Kuhlmann, S.
name: Kwang, S.
name: Jun, S.
name: Latino, G.
name: Malkus, A.
name: Mattson, M.
name: Mehta, A.
name: Movilla-Fernandez, P. A.
name: Nodulman, L.
name: Paulini, M.
name: Proudfoot, J.
name: Ptohos, F.
name: Sabik, S.
name: Sakumoto, W.
name: Savard, P.
name: Shochet, M.
name: Sinervo, P.
name: Tiwari, V.
name: Wicklund, A.
name: Yun, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A precise determination of the energy scale of jets at the Collider Detector at Fermilab at the Tevatron $p\bar{p}$ collider is described. Jets are used in many analyses to estimate the energies of partons resulting from the underlying physics process. Several correction factors are developed to estimate the original parton energy from the observed jet energy in the calorimeter. The jet energy response is compared between data and Monte Carlo simulation for various physics processes, and systematic uncertainties on the jet energy scale are determined. For jets with transverse momenta above 50 GeV the jet energy scale is determined with a 3% systematic uncertainty.
Neutron Decay to a Non-Abelian Dark Sector
Creators: name: Elahi, Fatemeh
name: Najafabadi, Mojtaba Mohammadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the Standard Model (SM), we expect to find a proton for each decaying neutron. However, the experiments counting the number of decayed neutrons and produced protons have a disagreement. This discrepancy suggests that neutrons might have an exotic decay to a Dark Sector (DS). In this paper, we explore a scenario where neutrons decay to a dark Dirac fermion $χ$ and a non-abelian dark gauge boson $W'$. We discuss the cosmological implications of this scenario assuming DS particles are produced via freeze-in. In our proposed scenario, DS has three portals with the SM sector: (1) the fermion portal coming from the mixing of the neutron with $χ$, (2) a scalar portal, and (3) a non-renormalizable kinetic mixing between photon and dark gauge bosons which induces a vector portal between the two sectors. We show that neither the fermion portal nor the scalar portal should contribute to the production of the particles in the early universe. Specifically, we argue that the maximum temperature of the universe must be low enough to prevent the production of $χ$ in the early universe. In this paper, we rely on the vector portal to connect the two sectors, and we discuss the phenomenological bounds on the model. The main constraints come from ensuring the right relic abundance of dark matter and evading the neutron star bounds. When dark gauge boson is very light, measurements of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis impose a stringent constraint as well.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Barriers and enablers of intercropping and enhanced crop diversification in the UK
Creators: name: Trivett, E
name: Bates, L
name: Drummond, C
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: #plantteams

description: Increasingly volatile weather conditions and extreme weather events have increased challenges in pest management in single variety cropping. A need to enhance Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has led to the use of plant species mixtures or ‘plant teams’ to optimise performance, improve yield stability, reduce pest and disease damage and enhance stress resilience in agricultural systems. Combined with supporting Integrated Farm Management (IFM) practices, intercropping, in field crop mixtures and other examples of enhanced crop diversification have gained attention in recent years due to the beneficial effects of soil fertility, nutrient recycling and pest, weed and disease management. However, uptake remains limited in the UK. Barriers to and opportunities presented by enhanced crop diversification are illustrated through a series of case studies from across three projects LEAF collaborated on between 2017 and 2020. Enablers and barriers to adoption of enhanced crop diversification are illustrated, concluding that a range of approaches will be necessary to support upscaling of these practices in the UK.
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of the level of personal relevance of visual autobiographical stimuli in the induction of positive emotions in young and older adults: pilot study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Fernández, Dolores
name: Ros, Laura
name: Sánchez-Reolid, Roberto
name: Ricarte, Jorge Javier
name: Latorre, José Miguel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Participant informed consent.
When superconductivity does not fear magnetism: Insight into electronic structure of RbEuFe$_{4}$As$_{4}$
Creators: name: Kim, T. K.
name: Pervakov, K. S.
name: Evtushinsky, D. V.
name: Jung, S. W.
name: Poelchen, G.
name: Kummer, K.
name: Vlasenko, V. A.
name: Pudalov, V. M.
name: Roditchev, D.
name: Stolyarov, V. S.
name: Vyalikh, D. V.
name: Borisov, V.
name: Valentí, R.
name: Ernst, A.
name: Eremeev, S. V.
name: Chulkov, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the novel stoichiometric iron-based material RbEuFe$_{4}$As$_{4}$ superconductivity coexists with a peculiar long-range magnetic order of Eu 4f states. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we reveal a complex three dimensional electronic structure and compare it with density functional theory calculations. Multiple superconducting gaps were measured on various sheets of the Fermi surface. High resolution resonant photoemission spectroscopy reveals magnetic order of the Eu 4f states deep into the superconducting phase. Both the absolute values and the anisotropy of the superconducting gaps are remarkably similar to the sibling compound without Eu, indicating that Eu magnetism does not affect the pairing of electrons. A complete decoupling between Fe- and Eu-derived states was established from their evolution with temperature, thus unambiguously demonstrating that superconducting and a long range magnetic orders exist independently from each other. The established electronic structure of RbEuFe$_{4}$As$_{4}$ opens opportunities for the future studies of the highly unorthodox electron pairing and phase competition in this family of iron-based superconductors with doping.
Spectroscopy of GRB 051111 at z=1.54948: Kinematics and Elemental Abundances of the GRB Environment and Host Galaxy
Creators: name: Penprase, B. E.
name: Berger, E.
name: Fox, D. B.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Kadish, S.
name: Kerber, L.
name: Ofek, E.
name: Kasliwal, M.
name: Hill, G.
name: Schaefer, B.
name: Reed, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a high-resolution, high signal-to-noise optical spectrum of the afterglow of GRB 051111 obtained with the HIRES spectrograph on the Keck I 10-m telescope. The spectrum exhibits three redshifted absorption systems with the highest, at z=1.54948, arising in the GRB host galaxy. While the Ly-alpha feature is outside the range of our spectrum, the high column density of weakly-depleted Zn suggests that the host is a damped Lyman-alpha system with N(HI)>10^21(Z/Z_sun)^-1. The bulk of the gas (>80%) is confined to a narrow velocity range of |v|<30 km/s exhibiting strong dust depletion of refractory elements such as Fe and Cr. The depletion pattern is similar to that observed in warm disk clouds of the Milky Way. We also detect absorption from all ground-level fine-structure states of FeII, the first such example in a QSO-DLA or GRB-absorption spectrum, which indicate conditions that are consistent with the "warm disk" depletion pattern. The absorption profiles of FeII and MgII extend over several hundred km/s, with a depletion pattern that more closely resembles that of QSO-DLAs, suggesting that the sight line to GRB 051111 probes the halo of the host galaxy in addition to the dense disk. Thus, detailed diagnostics of the interstellar medium of GRB host galaxies continue to provide insight into regions which are generally missed in quasar surveys.
description: Submitted to ApJ; 30 pages; 22 figures; 2 tables
Statistical Entropy and Superradiance in 2+1 Dimensional Acoustic Black Holes
Creators: name: Kim, Wontae
name: Park, Young-Jai
name: Son, Edwin J.
name: Yoon, Myung Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study ``draining bathtub'' as an acoustic analogue of a three-dimensional rotating black hole. Rotating fluid near the sonic horizon necessarily gives rise to the superradiant modes, which are partially responsible for the thermodynamic quantities in this rotating vortex-like hole. Using the recently suggested thin-layer method overcoming some difficulties from the well-known brick-wall method, we explicitly calculate the free energy of the system by treating the superradiance carefully and obtain the desirable entropy formula.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. Change in authors. The improved version to be published in J. Kor. Phys. Soc
Graph modelling approaches for motorway traffic flow prediction
Creators: name: Mihaita, Adriana-Simona
name: Papachatgis, Zac
name: Rizoiu, Marian-Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traffic flow prediction, particularly in areas that experience highly dynamic flows such as motorways, is a major issue faced in traffic management. Due to increasingly large volumes of data sets being generated every minute, deep learning methods have been used extensively in the latest years for both short and long term prediction. However, such models, despite their efficiency, need large amounts of historical information to be provided, and they take a considerable amount of time and computing resources to train, validate and test. This paper presents two new spatial-temporal approaches for building accurate short-term prediction along a popular motorway in Sydney, by making use of the graph structure of the motorway network (including exits and entries). The methods are built on proximity-based approaches, denoted backtracking and interpolation, which uses the most recent and closest traffic flow information for each of the target counting stations along the motorway. The results indicate that for short-term predictions (less than 10 minutes into the future), the proposed graph-based approaches outperform state-of-the-art deep learning models, such as long-term short memory, convolutional neuronal networks or hybrid models.
Hobby Farms and British Columbia'a Agricultural Land Reserve
Creators: name: Stobbe, Tracy
name: Eagle, Alison J.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Stobbe, Tracy
name: Eagle, Alison J.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Hobby farmers
subject: Agricultural Land Reserve
subject: Geographical Information System
subject: urban-rural fringe
subject: zoning systems
subject: farmland fragmentation

description: Agricultural land protection near the urban-rural fringe is a goal of many jurisdictions, including British Columbia, Canada, which uses a provincial-wide zoning scheme to prevent subdivisions and non-agricultural uses of the land. Preferential taxes are also used to encourage agricultural use of the land. Small scale hobby farmers are present at the urban fringe near Victoria (the capital), both inside and outside of the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR). The goal of this paper is to investigate whether hobby farms create problems for agricultural land preservation. We make use of a GIS (geographic information system) model to construct detailed spatial variables and analyse our parcel-level data set using an hedonic pricing model and a limited dependent variable model. The results show that hobby farmers tend to select small parcels that are near open space and relatively close to the city and they tend to support horses and other livestock. In terms of price, farmland is worth more per ha the smaller the parcel is and the closer it is to the city. In general farmland is worth more when it is less fragmented but this appears to be reversed for hobby farms – indicating that hobby farmers may be better adapted to surviving in the urban fringe than conventional farmers. The conclusions drawn from the results in this paper would likely apply to other jurisdictions which seek to protect agricultural land in the urban fringe.
Staggered Chiral Perturbation Theory for Heavy-Light Mesons
Creators: name: Aubin, C.
name: Bernard, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We incorporate heavy-light mesons into staggered chiral perturbation theory, working to leading order in 1/m_Q, where m_Q is the heavy quark mass. At first non-trivial order in the chiral expansion, staggered taste violations affect the chiral logarithms for heavy-light quantities only through the light meson propagators in loops. There are also new analytic contributions coming from additional terms in the Lagrangian involving heavy-light and light mesons. Using this heavy-light staggered chiral perturbation theory, we perform the one-loop calculation of the B (or D) meson leptonic decay constant in the partially quenched and full QCD cases. In our treatment, we assume the validity both of the "fourth root trick" to reduce four staggered tastes to one, and of the prescription to represent this trick in the chiral theory by insertions of factors of 1/4 for each sea quark loop.
description: 48 pages, 6 figures. v3: Some clarifying comments/caveats added; typos fixed. Corresponds to published version
Technological Progress in the Meatpacking Industry, 1919-1947
Creators: name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1954
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Livestock Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Summary: During the last several decades developments in refrigeration, transportation, power, and chemical and biological research have had a pronounced effect on the meatpacking industry. The resulting technological progress has not been spectacular, but it has made a significant contribution to increasing the output of the industry. A number of problems arise in measuring change in an industry over a 30-year period. In consequence considerable attention has been given in this study to the analytical framework and techniques to be employed in measuring technological progress. On the basis of this examination it was concluded that the net input-output approach is superior to either the measurement of labor productivity or the production-function approach for the purposes of this study. Computations based on the net input-output approach indicate that the input required by the meatpacking industry to produce a given output probably fell, by roughly 25 percent or more from 1919 to 1947. Reduced input of capital and an increased output from a given volume of livestock are the two principal reasons for this progress.
75 Jahre Kommission für spätantike Religionsgeschichte
Creators: name: Hammerschmidt, Ernst
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 51 (1967): Oriens christianus, Band 51
Sesgos en la medición de la inflación en contextos inflacionarios: el caso peruano
Creators: name: Escobal D'Angelo, Javier
name: Castillo, Marco
name: Escobal D'Angelo, Javier
name: Castillo, Marco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Indices de precios
subject: Inflacion
subject: Peru
subject: Price indexes
subject: Inflation

description: La posible sobrevaluación del Indice de Precios al Consumidor de Lima Metropolitana ha sido un problema que ha venido preocupando tanto a académicos como a tomadores de decisiones y a la opinión pública en general desde hace ya algún tiempo. Muchos desconocen que la sobreestimación del Producto Bruto Interno per cápita y del retraso cambiario, o la subestimación de la presión tributaria, tiene su origen en el mismo problema de medición del IPC. Sin embargo, la existencia de dichos sesgos es reconocida cada vez más como asuntos que necesitan ser urgentemente abordados y solucionados. Entender la naturaleza exacta de estos problemas es indispensable si se pretende corregirlos adecuadamente. Este documento parte de la teoría de los índices del costo de vida para determinar la manera más adecuada de agregar los precios para obtener un indicador de inflación. Dicha metodología es comparada con el IPC elaborado por el INEI. El documento muestra que el índice de precios del INEI sobrevalúa el costo de vida sistemáticamente en periodos de alta inflación. La corrección de este sesgo es crucial pues una rectificación del IPC permitiría reevaluar la evolución, en términos reales, de los principales agregados macroeconómicos.
Field-temperature phase diagram of magnetic bubbles spanning charge$/$orbital ordered and metallic phases in La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_3$ ($x = 0.125$)
Creators: name: Kotani, A.
name: Nakajima, H.
name: Harada, K.
name: Ishii, Y.
name: Mori, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report formation of magnetic textures in the ferromagnetic (FM) phase of La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_3$ for $x =$ 0.125; these textures are magnetic bubbles, magnetic stripe domains, and forced FM states. In situ Lorentz microscopy (LM) observations show that magnetic bubbles exist in the FM insulating phase accompanying the formation of the charge$/$orbital ordering (CO$/$OO). Furthermore, stable magnetic bubbles still exist in an intermediate temperature region between the CO$/$OO ($T_{CO} =$ 155 K) and FM ($T_c =$ 190 K) transition temperatures. These magnetic bubbles are believed to originate from the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the dipole-dipole interaction in the FM phase. Based on in situ LM observations as a function of both temperature and the strength of the external magnetic field applied, a magnetic field-temperature phase diagram is constructed, exhibiting the stabilizing regions of the magnetic bubbles in the FM phase of La$_{0.875}$Sr$_{0.125}$MnO$_{3}$.
Theory of Metarealism
Creators: name: Athwal, Amardeep
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Theory of Metarealism is a reformulation of Kenneth N . Waltz's landmark 1979 work, Theory of International Politics. Specifically, the reformulation is of Waltz's market-firm analogy and more generally his microeconomic logic. The starting points for the Theory of Metarealism are the two major problems present in structural neorealism, the approach most closely linked to Waltz's Theory of International Politics. These two major problems are European integration and the Cold War. Structural neorealism has generally been unable to explain these two anomalies. The Theory of Metarealism attempts primarily to address the two major problems by correcting and building upon the microeconomic logic of Waltz's Theory of International Politics. The thesis proceeds by first examining in some detail Waltz's Theory of International Politics, with specific attention being placed on Waltz's use of microeconomics. Secondly, the major problems with Waltz's approach and with structural neorealism more generally are highlighted. Third, the Theory of Metarealism is presented, with its two major components relating to the nature of systems and interunit interaction as a solution to the problems within Waltz's work and with structural neorealism. Finally, a case study of European security integration is presented to demonstrate the viability of the second component of the Theory of Metarealism. A number of important conclusions are drawn from the introduction of the Theory of Metarealism. It is determined that structural neorealism and neoliberal institutional as theories of international relations, can in some ways be synthesized. Secondly, international cooperation is deemed to be easier to achieve and international cooperation and conflict can be predicted more easily from the first component of the theory. In general, the Theory of Metarealism offers a more complete structural neorealist theory of international relations.
El ciclo economico en el Peru
Creators: name: Terrones Silva, Marco
name: Calderon Melendez, Cesar
name: Terrones Silva, Marco
name: Calderon Melendez, Cesar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Ciclos economicos
subject: Peru
subject: Business cycles

description: El estudio realiza una caracterización del ciclo económico en el Perú, usando información de los últimos cincuenta años. Se ha estudiado el comportamiento cíclico de los principales precios y agregados macroeconómico (reales y monetarios) de la economía peruana. Se encuentra que, a partir de 1978 y como resultado de la crisis derivada del problema de la deuda externa, la estructura del ciclo económico en el Perú experimenta un cambio, observándose una mayor volatilidad absoluta de la mayoría de precios y agregados macroeconómicos.
Green Bank Telescope Studies of Giant Pulses from Millisecond Pulsars
Creators: name: Knight, H. S.
name: Bailes, M.
name: Manchester, R. N.
name: Ord, S. M.
name: Jacoby, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted a search for giant pulses from four millisecond pulsars using the 100m Green Bank Telescope. Coherently dedispersed time-series from PSR J0218+4232 were found to contain giant pulses of very short intrinsic duration whose energies follow power-law statistics. The giant pulses are in phase with the two minima of the radio integrated pulse profile but are phase aligned with the peaks of the X-ray profile. Historically, individual pulses more than 10-20 times the mean pulse energy have been deemed to be ``giant pulses''. As only 4 of the 155 pulses had energies greater than 10 times the mean pulse-energy, we argue the emission mechanism responsible for giant pulses should instead be defined through: (a) intrinsic timescales of microsecond or nanosecond duration; (b) power-law energy statistics; and (c) emission occurring in narrow phase-windows coincident with the phase windows of non-thermal X-ray emission. Four short-duration pulses with giant-pulse characteristics were also observed from PSR B1957+20. As the inferred magnetic fields at the light cylinders of the millisecond pulsars that emit giant pulses are all very high, this parameter has previously been considered to be an indicator of giant pulse emissivity. However, the frequency of giant pulse emission from PSR~B1957+20 is significantly lower than for other millisecond pulsars that have similar magnetic fields at their light cylinders. This suggests that the inferred magnetic field at the light cylinder is a poor indicator of the rate of emission of giant pulses.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJ
Food, Energy and Water Learning Modules (FEWLM) Workbooks
Creators: name: Spence, Porche
name: Gerald-Goins, Tonya
name: Goins, Greg
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2021

description: FEWLM is a low-cost inquiry-based interdisciplinary STEM prototypical curriculum built on Next Generation Science Standards, systems thinking and informed engineering design pedagogy.
A note on the Manuscripts of the Syriac Geoponicon
Creators: name: Brock, Sebastian P.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 51 (1967): Oriens christianus, Band 51
Gasto publico en educacion y distribucion del ingreso en el Peru
Creators: name: Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jose
name: Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jose
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Educacion publica
subject: Gastos publicos
subject: Distribucion del ingreso
subject: Public education
subject: Public expenditure
subject: Income distribution
subject: Peru

description: El estudio evalúa los efectos que el gasto público en educación ha tenido sobre la distribución del ingreso en el Perú. Las transferencias desde el presupuesto público son analizados revisando el destino del gasto en educación por estratos socioeconómicos, y su impacto de corto plazo en términos de la mejora del ingreso familiar y la modificación de la estructura distributiva.
Adaptive reconstruction of imperfectly-observed monotone functions, with applications to uncertainty quantification
Creators: name: Bonnet, L.
name: Akian, J. -L.
name: Savin, É.
name: Sullivan, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 49M30, 62G08, 68T37

description: Motivated by the desire to numerically calculate rigorous upper and lower bounds on deviation probabilities over large classes of probability distributions, we present an adaptive algorithm for the reconstruction of increasing real-valued functions. While this problem is similar to the classical statistical problem of isotonic regression, the optimisation setting alters several characteristics of the problem and opens natural algorithmic possibilities. We present our algorithm, establish sufficient conditions for convergence of the reconstruction to the ground truth, and apply the method to synthetic test cases and a real-world example of uncertainty quantification for aerodynamic design.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures. This is a preprint version of an article to appear in Algorithms and differs from the publisher's final version in layout and typographical detail
A "Burnt Bridge'' Brownian Ratchet
Creators: name: Antal, T.
name: Krapivsky, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Motivated by a biased diffusion of molecular motors with the bias dependent on the state of the substrate, we investigate a random walk on a one-dimensional lattice that contains weak links (called "bridges'') which are affected by the walker. Namely, a bridge is destroyed with probability p when the walker crosses it; the walker is not allowed to cross it again and this leads to a directed motion. The velocity of the walker is determined analytically for equidistant bridges. The special case of p=1 is more tractable -- both the velocity and the diffusion constant are calculated for uncorrelated locations of bridges, including periodic and random distributions.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Thyroid dysfunction in Iranian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Sepasi, Farnaz
name: Tayebeh Rashidian
name: Shokri, Mehdi
name: Gholamreza Badfar
name: Kazemi, Fatemeh
name: Azami, Milad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA checklist
Impacto de la política de precios y de crédito agrícola sobre la distribución del ingreso en el Perú: 1985-1990
Creators: name: Escobal D'Angelo, Javier
name: Escobal D'Angelo, Javier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Distribucion del ingreso
subject: Politica agraria
subject: Precios agricolas
subject: Politica de precios
subject: Credito agricola
subject: Peru
subject: Income distribution
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: Agricultural prices
subject: Price policy
subject: Agricultural credit

description: Este documento describe y analiza la estrategia agrícola del gobierno aprista, desde el punto de vista de sus efectos redistributivos. La estrategia, que pretendió beneficiar principalmente a los estratos más pobres de la agricultura, tuvo como eje al PRESA, programa dirigido a asegurar una demanda creciente a precios rentables para los productores agrícolas y fue acompañado por un programa de crédito agrícola que apuntaba a aumentar los recursos financieros canalizados a la actividad agrícola.
Der Dialog "Dass Christus einer ist" des Cyrill von Alexandrien
Creators: name: Weischer, Bernd Manuel
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 51 (1967): Oriens christianus, Band 51
General practitioners’ reasons for not participating in a pharmacy-initiated randomized comparison of community pharmacy and physician-based warfarin management
Creators: name: Bateni, Bita
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Objective: To determine General Practitioners' reasons for not entering patients into a clinical trial comparing the safety and effectiveness of outpatient anti-coagulation management by community pharmacists and physicians. Methods: A prospective, randomized comparison of community pharmacy and physician-based warfarin management was developed. All General Practitioners practicing on the North Shore were invited to participate. After eighteen months of physician recruitment, only eight had agreed to participate. To determine reasons for physicians' non-participation in this research, a comprehensive survey was developed. Surveys were mailed to all General Practitioners (n=l 18) who had been invited to participate in the original clinical trial: 8 who had agreed to participate and 110 who had not. Physicians were asked the extent to which they agreed to specific statements describing potential concerns with the study and to rank the most important reasons why they did or did not participate in the clinical trial. A $50 cheque was included with all surveys, and reminders were sent at one and four weeks. Responses were anonymous. Results: The response rate from physicians who had not participated in the clinical trial was 78 out of 110 (73%). Sixty-four of 78 respondents (83%) had five or more warfarin patients in their practice, and only one had no eligible patients. Thirty-nine (51%) had participated in 1 to 5 clinical trials in the past, while twenty-nine (38%) had no previous trail participation. The three most important reasons for not entering patients were "concern about the issue of legal liability" (40%), "concern about healthcare professionals taking over physician responsibilities" (33%), and "desire to remain responsible for patients" (29%). The response rate for the eight physicians who agreed to enter patients was 100%. The most important reason for agreeing to participate was the belief that "research advances the profession" (87%). Conclusion: General practitioners were reluctant to enter patients in a clinical trial that involved pharmacists taking on additional responsibility for patient care. Issues of responsibility and legal liability, as well as concern about other health care professionals taking over physicians' duties need to be clearly addressed.