cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Petrographic Analysis of Ceramics from the Prehistoric Maya Site of Hun Tun in Northwestern Belize
Creators: name: DeMario, Jeffrey Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Archaeology
Mesoamerica
Belize
Maya
Ceramic
Petrography
Hun Tun
Programme for Belize Archaeological Project
Jeffrey
DeMario
Jeffrey DeMario
Jeffrey Daniel DeMario

description: A petrographic analysis was conducted on sherd samples from the small prehistoric Maya site of Hun Tun, located in the hinterlands of the larger elite polity, La Milpa, in Northwestern Belize. Hun Tun contains a chultun, an archaeological feature in the ground which was filled with a clay which was lacking in inclusions. Dr. Robyn Dodge, the archaeologist who first investigated Hun Tun, interpreted the chultun as being used for ritual storage. Twenty-three sherds, as well as four clay samples were made into thin sections, before being viewed under a Zeiss Axioskop 40 polarizing microscope in the Graduate Microscopy Lab in the Jackson School of Geosciences at the University of Texas at Austin. Quantitative and qualitative analysis has shown two distinct petrofabrics at Hun Tun, which I have called the Sand-Carbonate Fabric, and the Carbonate Fabric. These two distinct groups are both dominated by calcite or dolomite inclusions, with grog (crushed pottery), hematite, and quartz in much lower percentages. Clay samples taken from the chultun, as well as sherds from Hun Tun excavations, are compared to show if the clay which was ritually stored at Hun Tun was also used in ceramic production.
A Morphing [4Fe-3S-nO]-Cluster within a Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase Scaffold
Creators: name: Jeoung, Jae-Hun
name: Fesseler, Jochen
name: Domnik, Lilith
name: Klemke, Friederike
name: Sinnreich, Malte
name: Teutloff, Christian
name: Dobbek, Holger
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CODH Evolution
subject: Enzymes
subject: Hydroxylamine Reduction
subject: Iron-Sulfur-Oxo Cluster
subject: Structural Biology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Ni,Fe-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODHs) catalyze the reversible reduction of CO2 to CO. Several anaerobic microorganisms encode multiple CODHs in their genome, of which some, despite being annotated as CODHs, lack a cysteine of the canonical binding motif for the active site Ni,Fe-cluster. Here, we report on the structure and reactivity of such a deviant enzyme, termed CooS-VCh. Its structure reveals the typical CODH scaffold, but contains an iron-sulfur-oxo hybrid-cluster. Although closely related to true CODHs, CooS-VCh catalyzes neither CO oxidation, nor CO2 reduction. The active site of CooS-VCh undergoes a redox-dependent restructuring between a reduced [4Fe-3S]-cluster and an oxidized [4Fe-2S-S*-2O-2(H2O)]-cluster. Hydroxylamine, a slow-turnover substrate of CooS-VCh, oxidizes the hybrid-cluster in two structurally distinct steps. Overall, minor changes in CODHs are sufficient to accommodate a Fe/S/O-cluster in place of the Ni,Fe-heterocubane-cluster of CODHs.
New Opportunities in Seismic Data Processing (Introductory)
Creators: name: Al-Marzouqi, Hasan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Recent developments in the signal pro-
cessing off ers new favorable approaches
for data processing. In this article we
focus on seismic applications where two main
developments will be illustrated. First, we
demonstrate a compressed sensing approach
to data acquisition that allows for increased
resolution with fewer samples. Next, we
present a customized transform design ap-
proach, which opens the door for more e -
cient operations on seismic data sets.
title: Kein Untergang des Rechtsstaates durch EU-Russlandsanktionen für Rechtsanwält*innen
Creators: name: Birkholz, Matthias
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 342

description: Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional
Islamic Geometries: Spiritual Affects Against a Secularist Grid
Creators: name: Shaw, Wendy M. K.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Islam
subject: Abstraction
subject: Modernism
subject: Geometry
subject: Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian (1928–1919)
subject: M. C. Escher (1898–1972)
subject: 700 Künste und Unterhaltung::700 Künste::702 Verschiedenes zur bildenden und angewandten Kunst

description: Discussions of surface pattern in Islamic art resonate within broader tensions about the role of figural representation in communicating meaning. The question of whether geometric pattern communicates—whether it functions as a language without a code—reflects broader tensions about the relationship between secular and spiritual communication. Poised between discussions of modernism and Islam, the attribution of linguistic capacity to geometry serves as a measure for the possibility of abstracting pure reason from the religious roots of representationalism. This paper explores this question in four parts. First, it examines the articulation of geometric meaning in Islamic discourses. It then explores European discussions of geometry between language and ornament poised between a search for universal reason and universal spiritualism, both in modernist painting and in modern exhibitions. The final section the expressive capacity of artistic responses to historical Islamic isometric geometries in the adaptive reuse of historical Iranian arts as contemporary abstraction in the sculptures of Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian (1928–1919) and in the popular transformation prints of M. C. Escher (1898–1972). It argues that the frequent recognition of intrinsic meaning in geometry, expressed in both premodern Islamic and modern secular interpretations, undermines art historical expectations of theorization as a necessary intermediary for communication. Geometry thereby functions as a language without a code.
Soft-bottom tidepools within mixed reefs of native mussels and introduced oysters – refuge for associated species and parasites?
Creators: name: Weniger, Eric
name: Cornelius, Annika
name: Rolff, Jens
name: Buschbaum, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Community structure
subject: Littorina littorea
subject: Magallana gigas
subject: Mytilicola spp.
subject: Mytilus edulis
subject: oyster reef
subject: parasites
subject: Renicola roscovita
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The introduction of Pacific oysters to the sedimentary south-eastern North Sea coast and their establishment on intertidal native blue mussel beds has caused the development of mixed reefs of mussels and oysters with extensive tidepools. Tidepools have been intensively studied at rocky shores where they show community structures, which usually differ from that of the surrounding emerging substrates. Tidepools at sedimentary coasts, however, have received less attention. We compared the community structure and species interactions inside and outside tidepools in oyster reefs by determining densities of snails, barnacles and amphipods. Snail densities were similar in and outside tidepools. Barnacle coverage on bivalve shells, however, was lower inside tidepools, which may be caused by higher predation pressure and increased snail grazing under permanently submerged conditions, as was revealed by field and laboratory experiments. Additionally, we studied the occurrence of copepod and trematode parasites in blue mussels inside and outside tidepools. Prevalence and intensity of parasitic copepods was higher in mussels inside tidepools. Trematode parasites, by contrast, showed a lower intensity in mussels inside tidepools. This can be explained by high amphipod densities found inside tidepools because trematode larvae represent a food source of amphipods. Our study suggests that the community structure of oyster reefs within tidepools is not a submerged equivalent to that of intertidal reefs. As their counterparts at rocky shores, they show their own species distribution patterns with particular species interactions and only provide refuge for specific species such as parasitic copepods.
New Opportunities in Seismic Data Processing (introductory article)
Creators: name: Al-Marzouqi, Hasan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Recent developments in the signal pro-
cessing off ers new favorable approaches
for data processing. In this article we
focus on seismic applications where two main
developments will be illustrated. First, we
demonstrate a compressed sensing approach
to data acquisition that allows for increased
resolution with fewer samples. Next, we
present a customized transform design ap-
proach, which opens the door for more e -
cient operations on seismic data sets.
By the Content of their Character? Discrimination, Social Identity, and Observed Distributions of Income
Creators: name: dos Santos, Paulo L.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



This paper develops a series of information-theoretic measures to consider the systemic effects on individual incomes of complex patterns of social and economic discrimination by race, ethnicity, and gender, in the U.S. It derives coefficients of joint, conditional or incremental, and mutual information that offer non-parametric characterizations of the relative influence of economic and social-identity characteristics in the determination of individual income for different groups. It reports on estimates of those coefficients obtained using large-scale cross- sectional data from that economy. Those estimates support two sets of conclusions. First, the informational significance of social identity in the determination of incomes differs clearly and persistently across social-identity groups. For some groups social identity exerts a significant informational influence in the determination of income. Other groups enjoy greater scopes for individual differentiation by factors other than social identity. Second, the informational influence of educational attainment on income is deeply shaped by social identity. Among other expressions of this, the paper finds that some identity groups see the comparative measure of informational association between their incomes and educational attainment rise steadily with levels of educational attainment. In contrast, other groups see those comparative measures fall as educational attainment rises. These observations point to the economic effects systems of discrimination impose on certain groups, and to the relative privileges enjoyed by those not subjected to them.
The Big Cost of Big Medicine: Calculating the Rent in Private Healthcare
Creators: name: Stelzner, Mark
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



Abstract: As a country, the United States spends significantly more on healthcare than other advanced industrialized countries, and Americans have comparably worse health outcomes. Both are developments of the last four decades. In this paper, we present a macro, long term explanation of these adverse changes by looking at the evolution of antitrust and patent laws in the United States, surveying the literature on how change in concentration and patent laws have led to increased prices, and constructing a counterfactual national health expenditure series for 1980 through 2006. We find that the cumulative excess cost of private healthcare spending on hospitals, physician groups, prescription drugs, and net insurance from 1980 until 2006 is between $3 and $6 trillion.
title: Repasi vs Plaumann
Creators: name: Chamon, Merijn
name: Eliantonio, Mariolina
name: Volpato, Annalisa
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 342

description: Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional
Parallelizing Autoregressive Generation with Variational State Space Models
Creators: name: Lambrechts, Gaspard
name: Claes, Yann
name: Geurts, Pierre
name: Ernst, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attention-based models such as Transformers and recurrent models like state space models (SSMs) have emerged as successful methods for autoregressive sequence modeling. Although both enable parallel training, none enable parallel generation due to their autoregressiveness. We propose the variational SSM (VSSM), a variational autoencoder (VAE) where both the encoder and decoder are SSMs. Since sampling the latent variables and decoding them with the SSM can be parallelized, both training and generation can be conducted in parallel. Moreover, the decoder recurrence allows generation to be resumed without reprocessing the whole sequence. Finally, we propose the autoregressive VSSM that can be conditioned on a partial realization of the sequence, as is common in language generation tasks. Interestingly, the autoregressive VSSM still enables parallel generation. We highlight on toy problems (MNIST, CIFAR) the empirical gains in speed-up and show that it competes with traditional models in terms of generation quality (Transformer, Mamba SSM).
description: 4 pages, 11 pages total, 3 figures
PHARMACOLOGICAL PREDICTION
Creators: name: Vageesh M V
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In general, the aim of this project is to develop a model that can be used in a clinical setting to assist physicians in making more informed decisions about which drugs to prescribe to their patients. This model could be a valuable tool for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs by helping to ensure that patients are prescribed the most appropriate drugs for their specific health conditions
The Role of Intangible Assets in Explaining the Investment-Profit Puzzle
Creators: name: Orhangazi, Özgür
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 

Starting around the early 2000s, and especially after the 2008 crisis, the rate of capital accumulation for US nonfinancial corporations has slowed down despite relatively high profitability; indicating a weakening of the link between profitability and investment. While the literature mostly focuses on financialization and globalization as the reasons behind this slowdown, I suggest adding another layer to these explanations and argue that, in conjunction with financialization and globalization, we need to pay attention to the increased use of intangible assets by nonfinancial corporations in the last two decades. Intangibles such as brand names, trademarks, patents, and copyrights play a role in the widening of the profit-investment gap as the use of these assets enables firms to increase market power and profitability without necessarily generating a corresponding increase in fixed capital investment. After discussing the ways nonfinancial corporations use intangible assets, I look at large corporations in that: i-) The ratio of intangible assets to the capital stock increased in general. This increase is highest for firms in high-technology, healthcare, nondurables and telecommunications. ii-) Industries with higher intangible asset ratios have lower investment to profit ratios. iii-) Industries with higher intangible asset ratios have higher markups and profitability. iv-) The composition of the nonfinancial corporate sector has changed and the weight of high-technology and healthcare firms has increased; but this increase did not correspond to an equal increase in their investment share. The decline in the investment share of durables, nondurables and machinery is matched by an increase in the investment share of location-specific industries with low intangible asset use, most notably firms in energy extraction. In general, these firms have steadier markups and higher investment to profit ratios. v-) Yet, intangible-intensive industries’ profitability has increased faster than their share of investment or total assets. All in all, these findings are in line with the suggestion that the increased use of intangible assets enables firms to have high profitability without a corresponding increase in investment.
Compact intense extreme-ultraviolet source
Creators: name: Major, B.
name: Ghafur, O.
name: Kovács, K.
name: Varjú, K.
name: Tosa, V.
name: Vrakking, M. J. J.
name: Schütte, B.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: high-intensity laser pulses
subject: intense extreme-ultraviolet
subject: high-harmonic generation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: High-intensity laser pulses covering the ultraviolet to terahertz spectral regions are nowadays routinely generated in a large number of laboratories. In contrast, intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses have only been demonstrated using a small number of sources including free-electron laser facilities and long high-harmonic generation (HHG) beamlines. Here, we demonstrate a concept for a compact intense XUV source based on HHG that is focused to an intensity of 2×1014W/cm2, with a potential increase up to 1017W/cm2 in the future. Our approach uses tight focusing of the near-infrared (NIR) driving laser and minimizes the XUV virtual source size by generating harmonics several Rayleigh lengths away from the NIR focus. Accordingly, the XUV pulses can be refocused to a small beam waist radius of 600 nm, enabling the absorption of up to four XUV photons by a single Ar atom in a setup that fits on a modest (2 m) laser table. Our concept represents a straightforward approach for the generation of intense XUV pulses in many laboratories, providing exciting opportunities for XUV strong-field and nonlinear optics experiments, for XUV-pump XUV-probe spectroscopy and for the coherent diffractive imaging of nanoscale structures.
Is crime hereditary? An analysis of biological ideas from eugenics to the human genome project.
Creators: name: Tong, Xin Ying
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Eugenics
crime
hereditary
feeblemindedness
idiots
criminology

description: Eugenics, the idea of improving the biological quality of the human race, has been interrelated with concepts of crime since at least Classical times. The eugenics doctrine has fueled mental institutions and state-owned penitentiaries, as well as manifested itself in popular culture and scientific studies. With a focus on post-1883 American history, I examine the evolving relationship between eugenics and crime through a historical lens and into the modern day to present a stance on the an age-old question: is crime hereditary? I follow the separate but concurrent development of eugenics and the idea of the biological criminal, then I examine the distinct concept of a born criminal through eugenic family studies, court cases, and prison eugenics. Although eugenic criminology has lost momentum, it continues to influence modern thought, particularly in legal proceedings and the use of biological technologies. I identify a return to the biological basis of crime throughout history, and I assert that this tendency will continue with American society accepting increasingly scientific explanations for crime. Thus, based on societal definitions of criminal behavior, crime will inherently be considered hereditary. I argue that the fluid role biology plays is largely based on social climate, and therefore biology does not take precedence over socio-environmental factors-- a mistake that has been committed in the past. With advancing biological and reproductive technologies, novel issues surrounding the biological basis of crime arise: will this result in interventionalist policies before an "at-risk" individual commits a crime? How will this impact our criminal justice system? If criminality carries a biological basis, these issues must be addressed promptly.
Kuznets, Kaya, and Shapley: The Economic and Energetic Determinants of Carbon Emissions and the Implications for Development and Environmental Policy
Creators: name: Garrett-Peltier, Heidi
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



With global climate change becoming an increasingly pressing concern, the relationship between economic growth and environmental outcomes is as important as ever to understand, particularly in designing policies for low- and middle-income countries that incorporate both environmental and development objectives. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) shows the relationship between income and environmental outcomes. In this paper we examine the existence and shape of the EKC for 132 countries for the period 2000-2010. We add to the EKC literature by using the technique of Shapley Decomposition to assess Kaya identity factors for these 132 countries, grouped into income quartiles. The Kaya Identity relates emissions to income, energy intensity, and emissions intensity. Shapley Decomposition (SD) allows us to understand the importance of each of these factors. By applying the SD technique to the Kaya Identity for countries grouped by income level, we can assess the importance of income on emissions for countries at various stages of development, and we confirm the presence of a global EKC. For lower income countries, rising income is the most important determinant of emissions; but at higher income levels economic growth is offset by improvements in energy efficiency and decarbonization, thus explaining the inverted-U-shaped EKC.
Copper Carbonate Hydroxide as Precursor of Interfacial CO in CO2 Electroreduction
Creators: name: Jiang, Shan
name: D'Amario, Luca
name: Dau, Holger
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CO2 reduction reaction
subject: electrocatalysis
subject: electrode materials
subject: operando spectroscopy
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Copper electrodes are especially effective in catalysis of C2 and further multi-carbon products in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and therefore of major technological interest. The reasons for the unparalleled Cu performance in CO2RR are insufficiently understood. Here, the electrode–electrolyte interface was highlighted as a dynamic physical-chemical system and determinant of catalytic events. Exploiting the intrinsic surface-enhanced Raman effect of previously characterized Cu foam electrodes, operando Raman experiments were used to interrogate structures and molecular interactions at the electrode–electrolyte interface at subcatalytic and catalytic potentials. Formation of a copper carbonate hydroxide (CuCarHyd) was detected, which resembles the mineral malachite. Its carbonate ions could be directly converted to CO at low overpotential. These and further experiments suggested a basic mode of CO2/carbonate reduction at Cu electrodes interfaces that contrasted previous mechanistic models: the starting point in carbon reduction was not CO2 but carbonate ions bound to the metallic Cu electrode in form of CuCarHyd structures. It was hypothesized that Cu oxides residues could enhance CO2RR indirectly by supporting formation of CuCarHyd motifs. The presence of CuCarHyd patches at catalytic potentials might result from alkalization in conjunction with local electrical potential gradients, enabling the formation of metastable CuCarHyd motifs over a large range of potentials.
Love, the Reason We Live: Romantic Love on the Human Body and Mind
Creators: name: Bansigan, Katrina Iris Osorio
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Romantic Love
Romantic Interest
Romantic Relationship
Love
Attraction
Mate Choice
Mate Preference

description: Romantic love is an idea both ubiquitous and timeless. Stories and songs of love span across ancient civilizations, biblical tales, mythologies, and are indisputably apparent in life today. Romantic love is present in most cultures. As such, love is thought to have a function in human biology. Feelings of love allow us to create bonds and relationships that facilitate courtship, mating, and ultimately the continuance of the human species. Romantic love is also evidently rooted in human physiology. This article is a review of studies of romantic love, as reasoned in evolutionary psychology, anthropology, and human physiology. This review explores the biological purpose and effects of love and concludes that love is more than a feeling. Love is a human drive. I discuss love in relation to the five senses and to neurophysiology to demonstrate that love physically affects our bodies and minds and to show how it does so. I then discuss lost love, or "heartbreak", and the bases for commonly held methods to move past or heal from it. Given the biological function of love, I propose that as surely as one can fall in love, one can fall out of it. This article shows the multifaceted nature of love and how it intricately takes form within us.
What makes implementation intentions (in)effective for physical activity among older adults?
Creators: name: Warner, Lisa Marie
name: Fleig, Lena
name: Wolff, Julia Katharina
name: Keller, Jan
name: Schwarzer, Ralf
name: Nyman, Samuel
name: Wurm, Susanne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: implementation intentions
subject: older adults
subject: characteristics
subject: content
subject: specificity
subject: physical activity
subject: plan enactment
subject: routines
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Objectives For most populations, implementation intentions (IIs) facilitate physical activity (PA). However, for older adults, previous studies found mixed evidence for the effectiveness of this behaviour change technique. To examine which characteristics of IIs predict successful enactment, the content of older participants’ IIs formed within a self-regulatory intervention to prompt PA was analysed. Design A sample of N = 126 German speaking adults aged 64 and older formed up to six IIs for PA and reported their enactment 5 weeks later. Methods Controlling for age and sex, multilevel models tested associations between characteristics of IIs (e.g., chronological rank of II, hetero- and homogeneity, specificity, presence of certain cues) and enactment. Results Significantly related to enactment were: the chronological rank of an II (first IIs superior to last IIs), greater heterogeneity in activities, greater specificity of when-cues, and greater use of pre-existing routines. Conclusions Participants were more likely to enact their IIs 5 weeks later if they planned different (heterogeneous) activities, created IIs with more specific when-cues (e.g., on Monday at 9 am), and in particular a routine (e.g., after breakfast). They also enacted the first three IIs (chronological rank of II) more often than the last three IIs. Future experimental studies should test whether providing instructions to create IIs based on the above significant characteristics lead to more effective health behaviour change among older adults.
.New Opportunities in Seismic Data Processing
Creators: name: Al-Marzouqi, Hasan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Recent developments in signal processing offers new favorable approaches for data processing. In this article we focus on seismic applications where two main developments will be illustrated. First, we demonstrate a compressed sensing approach to data acquisition that allows for increased resolution with fewer samples. Next, we present a customized transform design approach, which opens the door for more efficient operations on seismic data sets.
Library publishing services: An investigation into open access publishing in academic libraries
Creators: name: Lawson, Stuart
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of MA Information Studies at the University of Brighton, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, 2013.
The Comparative Advantage of the U.S. Shadow Banking System and the U.S. Dollar
Creators: name: Tokunaga, Junji
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



In the 2000’s prior to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008, European banks borrowed short-term dollar funds on liabilities side, in part, from the U.S., and then lent part of it back to invest in long-term dollar assets in the U.S. on assets side. What facilitated European banks to expand their USD-denominated balance sheets across the Atlantic in the 2000’s, despite the creation of the euro in 1999? Compared to the amount of studies on why European banks expanded their balance sheets, few studies have indeed been done to analyze what determined the currency denomination of European banks’ balance sheets across the Atlantic in the 2000’s. In this paper, we argue that European banks’ USD-denominated balance sheets across the Atlantic depended, mainly, on the comparative advantage of U.S. shadow banking system over one in the Eurozone. At financial market level, the full development of securitization and wholesale funding in U.S. shadow banking system appeared to provide European banks with the opportunities for profits-making there. This comparative advantage of U.S. shadow banking system could attract European banks to expand their USD-denominated balance sheets across the Atlantic in the 2000’s. At institutional level, the evolution of U.S. Federal Reserve System (Fed) policy reinforced the comparative advantage of U.S. shadow banking system. During the U.S. housing bubble (2004-06), their unprecedented capacity of expanding USD-denominated balance sheets allowed European banks to overstretch USD-denominated balance sheets, achieving their higher return on equity (ROE). Importantly, their overstretch nature of USD-denominated balance sheets could contribute to strong demand for the privately-created debt securities and financial instruments in U.S., resulting in the dollar’ reign in shadow banking system in the 2000’s. In conclusion, as far as the dominant position of the dollar in the shadow banking system, it seems natural to conclude that the U.S. dollar standard system has been as asymmetric as ever in the 2000’s, in the contrary to the view that it has been less asymmetric than it once was, as Bernake [2015] insists.
Constraining Holographic Dark Energy and Analyzing Cosmological Tensions
Creators: name: Tang, Xin
name: Ma, Yin-Zhe
name: Dai, Wei-Ming
name: He, Hong-Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate cosmological constraints on the holographic dark energy (HDE) using the state-of-the-art cosmological datasets: Planck CMB angular power spectra and weak lensing power spectra, Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) temperature power spectra, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and redshift-space distortion (RSD) measurements from six-degree-field galaxy survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (DR12 & DR16) and the Cepheids-Supernovae measurement from SH0ES team (R22). We also examine the HDE model and $Λ$CDM with and without $N_{\rm eff}$ (effective number of relativistic species) being treated as a free parameter. We find that the HDE model can relieve the tensions of $H_0$ and $S_8$ to certain degrees. With ``Planck+ACT+BAO+RSD'' datasets, the constraints are $H_0 = 69.70 \pm 1.39\ \mathrm{km\ s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}}$ and $S_8 = 0.823 \pm 0.011$ in HDE model, which brings down the Hubble tension down to $1.92σ$ confidence level (C.L.) and the $S_8$ tension to $1$-$2σ$ C.L. By adding the R22 data, their values are improved as $H_0 = 71.86 \pm 0.93 \,\mathrm{km\ s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}}$ and $S_8 = 0.813 \pm 0.010$, which further brings the Hubble tension down to $0.85σ$ C.L. and relieves the $S_{8}$ tension. We also quantify the goodness-of-fit of different models with Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and find that the HDE agrees with the observational data better than the $Λ$CDM and other extended models (treating $N_{\rm eff}$ as free for fitting).
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables
New Opportunities in Seismic Data Processing
Creators: name: Al-Marzouqi, Hasan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Recent developments in signal processing offers new favorable approaches for data processing. In this article we focus on seismic applications where two main developments will be illustrated. First, we demonstrate a compressed sensing approach to data acquisition that allows for increased resolution with fewer samples. Next, we present a customized transform design approach, which opens the door for more efficient operations on seismic data sets.
The ARCHI method: a tool for diagnosing the vitality of trees
Creators: name: Chapelet, Benjamin
name: Snoussi, Bilal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: sustainable forest management
Health tree
diagnosis
decision support tool

description: ARCHI method is focused on the architecture of a tree, as a real biological signature of its vitality, that must constantly be evaluated with different physiological states
Intense XUV pulses from a compact HHG setup using a single harmonic
Creators: name: Kretschmar, M.
name: Vrakking, M. J. J.
name: Schütte, B.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: XUV
subject: nonlinear optics
subject: extreme-ultraviolet
subject: attosecond
subject: coherent diffractive imaging
subject: strong-field physics
subject: photoelectron spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We report on a compact and spectrally intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) source, which is based on high-harmonic generation (HHG) driven by 395 nm pulses. In order to minimize the XUV virtual source size and to maximize the XUV flux, HHG is performed several Rayleigh lengths away from the driving laser focal plane in a high-density gas jet. As a result, a high focused XUV intensity of 5 × 1013 W cm−2 is achieved, using a beamline with a length of only two meters and a modest driving laser pulse energy of 3 mJ. The high XUV intensity is demonstrated by performing a nonlinear ionization experiment in argon, using an XUV spectrum that is dominated by a single harmonic at 22 eV. Ion charge states up to Ar3+ are observed, which requires the absorption of at least four XUV photons. The high XUV intensity and the narrow bandwidth are ideally suited for a variety of applications including photoelectron spectroscopy, the coherent control of resonant transitions and the imaging of nanoscale structures.
Electoral participation, political disaffection, and the rise of the populist radical right
Creators: name: Schulte-Cloos, Julia
name: Leininger, Arndt
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: AfD
subject: electoral mobilization
subject: political participation
subject: populist radical right
subject: voting behavior
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Does the populist radical right benefit from increased electoral mobilization? Integrating theories of political grievances with accounts of party competition in Western Europe, we contend that the populist right gains advantage from increased electoral mobilization, but that this effect is conditional on political disaffection. We draw on a novel panel dataset (2009-2019) of more than 10,000 German municipalities and city districts to study the implications of turnout surges as a function of pre-existing levels of political disaffection in a difference-in-differences design. The results demonstrate that turnout surges benefit the populist right "Alternative fur Deutschland" (AfD) in contexts of widespread political distrust. In contrast, increased mobilization acts to depress its electoral fortunes in communities marked by low baseline levels of political disaffection. In shedding light on the interplay between political disaffection and electoral mobilization, this study has important implications for understanding the surge of the populist right in established democracies.
A Marxist Theory of Rent
Creators: name: Basu, Deepankar
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



This paper offers a unified analytical treatment of Marx’s theory of rent. I highlight the key role played by the price of the agricultural commodity in determining rent. I offer two closures of the model. The first closure is an elaboration of Marx’s argument in Volume III of Capital. The second closure explicitly allows for the role of demand. I also show that total rent can be decomposed into three components: absolute rent, differential rent I, and differential rent II. A Marxist theory can explain rent in any system of capitalist commodity production which uses privately owned nonreproducible resources.
Miejsca, mieszkania, dzielnice. Szczecin i wybrane miejscowości województwa zachodniopomorskiego w badaniach młodych socjologów, red. M. Kowalewski, wyd. Zapol, Szczecin 2012
Creators: name: Kowalewski, Maciej
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Miejsca, mieszkania, dzielnice. Szczecin i wybrane miejscowości województwa zachodniopomorskiego w badaniach młodych socjologów, red. Maciej Kowalewski, wyd. Zapol, Szczecin 2012
Highly efficient soft x-ray spectrometer for transient absorption spectroscopy with broadband table-top high harmonic sources
Creators: name: Kleine, Carlo
name: Ekimova, Maria
name: Winghart, Marc-Oliver
name: Eckert, Sebastian
name: Reichel, Oliver
name: Löchel, Heike
name: Probst, Jürgen
name: Braig, Christoph
name: Seifert, Christian
name: Erko, Alexei
name: Sokolov, Andrey
name: Vrakking, Marc J. J.
name: Nibbering, Erik T. J.
name: Rouzée, Arnaud
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: X-ray absorption spectroscopy
subject: Liquids
subject: Ultrafast lasers
subject: Zone plates
subject: Synchrotrons
subject: Fluid jets
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We present a novel soft x-ray spectrometer for ultrafast absorption spectroscopy utilizing table-top femtosecond high-order harmonic sources. Where most commercially available spectrometers rely on spherical variable line space gratings with a typical efficiency on the order of 3% in the first diffractive order, this spectrometer, based on a Hettrick–Underwood design, includes a reflective zone plate as a dispersive element. An improved efficiency of 12% at the N K-edge is achieved, accompanied by a resolving power of 890. The high performance of the soft x-ray spectrometer is further demonstrated by comparing nitrogen K-edge absorption spectra from calcium nitrate in aqueous solution obtained with our high-order harmonic source to previous measurements performed at the electron storage ring facility BESSY II.
Green Growth and the Right to Energy in India
Creators: name: Azad, Rohit
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



Can growth in India be simultaneously made equitable and environ- mentally sustainable? The recent pattern of high growth in India has been inequitable even as serious questions have been raised about its ecological sustainability. In contrast to the current growth trajectory, this paper argues that an alternative growth trajectory can be de- veloped which answers the question in the affirmative. We propose an Energy Policy with Equity (EPE), which fundamentally changes the energy mix of the Indian economy towards greener forms of en- ergy as well as guarantees universal access to energy thus generated to the entire population, a feat that almost all the governments since independence have dreamt of but failed to deliver. This policy also fundamentally changes the energy mix of the Indian economy towards greener forms of energy as well as guarantees universal access to energy thus generated to the entire population.


This can be done by taxing carbon to control CO2 emissions. A part of the revenue thus generated can be used for a systemic overhaul of the energy mix, which to a large extent addresses the pressing problem of environmental degradation. And the other part can be used for an in-kind transfer of free electricity to the population who contribute less carbon than the economy average and issue universal travel passes to compensate for the rise in transport costs and encourage the use of public transport.


The methodology employed in this paper is an Input-Output analy- sis which involves two steps: calculating the carbon content (IO data) and its impact on the household budget (NSS). The level of carbon tax required for this policy to come into effect is USD 60.4 per met- ric ton of carbon dioxide. On the one hand, a portion of these taxes mobilised is allocated for the improvement in energy efficiency and ex- pansion of renewable energy. On the other, the free entitlement of fuel and electricity from these taxes for a household comes out to be 2268 kWh per annum or 189 kWh per month, which is 412 kWh per year multiplied by the average size of the household (i.e. 5.5). Universal travel passes with pre-loaded balance amount of USD 17.9 can be used on any mode of public transport. While the energy mix of the growth process changes in favour of clean sources through investment in green energy as well as controlling demand for fossil fuels through a carbon tax/cap, distribution of the tax revenue in the form of universal access to energy makes the process egalitarian.
International Negotiations and Domestic Change in the EU's Eastern Neighborhood: Deconstructing Antidiscrimination Reforms in Moldova
Creators: name: Axyonova, Vera
name: Cenusa, Denis
name: Gawrich, Andrea
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: European Union
subject: Eastern Partnership
subject: Moldova
subject: antidiscrimination reform
subject: Two-Level-Game
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Democratic reforms, or lack thereof, in countries addressed by the European Union's (EU's) Eastern Partnership initiative (EaP) have attracted considerable scholarly attention. Yet many studies approach these countries' political and policy developments through the lens of external actors' (especially the EU and Russia's) engagements. While accounting for international influences, this article lends agency to the domestic actors by scrutinizing the antidiscrimination reform process in Moldova, one of the EaP countries with closer relations to the EU, against the background of their negotiations. In doing so, the article explains the outcome of the reform and makes a case for applying Robert Putnam's (1988) Two-Level-Game approach to an analysis of a controversial reform process surrounded by international and domestic pressures in a nonconsolidated democracy. In addition to its empirical contribution, the article seeks to advance the applicability boundaries of the Two-Level-Game theory beyond classical Foreign Policy Analysis in a democratic context and enhance the scholarly debate on the external-domestic interplay in policy change and norm adoption.
Miejsca, mieszkania, dzielnice. Szczecin i wybrane miejscowości województwa zachodniopomorskiego w badaniach młodych socjologów, red. M. Kowalewski, wyd. Zapol, Szczecin 2012
Creators: name: Kowalewski, Maciej
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Miejsca, mieszkania, dzielnice. Szczecin i wybrane miejscowości województwa zachodniopomorskiego w badaniach młodych socjologów, ed. Maciej Kowalewski, wyd. Zapol, Szczecin 2012
Non-communicated judgments of, versus feedback, on students’ essays: Is feedback inflation larger for students with a migration background?
Creators: name: Nishen, Anna K.
name: Kessels, Ursula
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Teacher judgment
subject: Positive feedback bias
subject: Feedback inflation
subject: Ethnic bias
subject: Migration background
subject: Stereotypes
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: When providing feedback, teachers are concerned not only with the simple transmission of information, but also with motivational and interpersonal dynamics. To mitigate these concerns, teachers may inflate feedback by reducing negative or increasing positive content. The resulting difference between initial judgments and feedback may be even more drastic for ethnic minority students: In non-communicated judgments, negative stereotypes may result in more negative judgments, whereas in feedback, concerns about being or appearing prejudiced may inflate feedback towards ethnic minority students. These hypotheses were tested in a sample of 132 German teacher students in a 2 (between subjects: feedback vs. non-communicated judgment) × 2 (within subjects: target student's migration background: Turkish vs. none) design in which participants read supposed student essays and provided their written impressions to the research team or the supposed student. Findings revealed that teacher students’ feedback was more positive than their non-communicated judgments on a multitude of dimensions. Contrary to expectations, these effects were not stronger when the student had a Turkish migration background. Instead, teacher students rated the essay of the student with a Turkish migration background more favorably both in the judgment and feedback conditions. Our results suggest that teachers adapt their initial judgments when giving feedback to account for interpersonal or motivational dynamics. Moreover, ethnic minority students may be especially likely to receive overly positive feedback. While the motivational/interpersonal dynamics may warrant some inflation in feedback, negative consequences of overly positive feedback, for which ethnic minority students may be especially vulnerable, are discussed.