Diving below the spin-down limit: Constraints on gravitational waves from the energetic young pulsar PSR J0537-6910
Creators: name: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
name: The Virgo Collaboration
name: The KAGRA Collaboration
name: Abbott, R.
name: Abbott, T. D.
name: Abraham, S.
name: Acernese, F.
name: Ackley, K.
name: Adams, A.
name: Adams, C.
name: Adhikari, R. X.
name: Adya, V. B.
name: Affeldt, C.
name: Agarwal, D.
name: Agathos, M.
name: Agatsuma, K.
name: Aggarwal, N.
name: Aguiar, O. D.
name: Aiello, L.
name: Ain, A.
name: Ajith, P.
name: Akutsu, T.
name: Aleman, K. M.
name: Allen, G.
name: Allocca, A.
name: Altin, P. A.
name: Amato, A.
name: Anand, S.
name: Ananyeva, A.
name: Anderson, S. B.
name: Anderson, W. G.
name: Ando, M.
name: Angelova, S. V.
name: Ansoldi, S.
name: Antelis, J. M.
name: Antier, S.
name: Appert, S.
name: Arai, Koya
name: Arai, Koji
name: Arai, Y.
name: Araki, S.
name: Araya, A.
name: Araya, M. C.
name: Areeda, J. S.
name: Arène, M.
name: Aritomi, N.
name: Arnaud, N.
name: Aronson, S. M.
name: Arun, K. G.
name: Asada, H.
name: Asali, Y.
name: Ashton, G.
name: Aso, Y.
name: Aston, S. M.
name: Astone, P.
name: Aubin, F.
name: Aufmuth, P.
name: AultONeal, K.
name: Austin, C.
name: Babak, S.
name: Badaracco, F.
name: Bader, M. K. M.
name: Bae, S.
name: Bae, Y.
name: Baer, A. M.
name: Bagnasco, S.
name: Bai, Y.
name: Baiotti, L.
name: Baird, J.
name: Bajpai, R.
name: Ball, M.
name: Ballardin, G.
name: Ballmer, S. W.
name: Bals, M.
name: Balsamo, A.
name: Baltus, G.
name: Banagiri, S.
name: Bankar, D.
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name: Barayoga, J. C.
name: Barbieri, C.
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Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for continuous gravitational-wave signals from the young, energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the second and third observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained using NICER data. The NICER ephemeris has also been extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537-6910 has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and is highly active with regards to glitches. Analyses of its long-term and inter-glitch braking indices provided intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include gravitational-wave emission from a time-varying mass quadrupole moment. Its 62 Hz rotation frequency also puts its possible gravitational-wave emission in the most sensitive band of LIGO/Virgo detectors. Motivated by these considerations, we search for gravitational-wave emission at both once and twice the rotation frequency. We find no signal, however, and report our upper limits. Assuming a rigidly rotating triaxial star, our constraints reach below the gravitational-wave spin-down limit for this star for the first time by more than a factor of two and limit gravitational waves from the $l=m=2$ mode to account for less than 14% of the spin-down energy budget. The fiducial equatorial ellipticity is limited to less than about 3e-5, which is the third best constraint for any young pulsar.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, published in ApJL