Simulium
Creators: name: Anbalagan, Sankarappan
name: Prasanna, Vimalanathan Arun
name: Dinakaran, Sundaram
name: Krishnan, Muthukalingan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium

description: Keys to Simulium species reported from Peninsular India
Key to 13 Simulium species belonging to three subgenera (Simulium, Gomphostilbia and Nevermannia) reported in peninsular India (Anbalagan et al. 2011) are given below.
Adult females
1. Katepisternum haired (Gomphostilbia)..................................................................... 2 - Katepisternum bare....................................................................................4 2. Tarsal claw with a small basal tooth............................................................. S. (G.) pattoni - Tarsal claw with a large basal tooth....................................................................... 3 3. Sensory vesicle 0.32 times as long as maxillary palpal segment 3, with medium-sized round opening.. S. (G.) peteri sp. nov. - Sensory vesicle 0.41 times as long as maxillary palpal segment 3, with small-sized round opening.. S. (G.) takaokai sp. nov. 4. Claw with a large basal tooth (Nevermannia)................................................. S. (N.) aureohirtum - Claw with or without a small basal tooth (Simulium s. str.)..................................................... 5 5. Claw with a small basal tooth.......................................................................... …6 - Claw simple, without any tooth........................................................................... 7 6. Mid femur yellow........................................................................ .. S. (S.) gurneyae - Mid femur dark brown.................................................................... S. (S.) nilgiricum 7. Scutum without any longitudinal vittae........................................................ S. (S.) nodosum - Scutum with longitudinal vittae.......................................................................... 8 8. Posterior margin of sternite 8 greatly depressed medially forming inverted U-shape; ovipositor valve with a distinct lobe pro-
duced ventrally along inner margin........................................................................ 9 - Posterior margin of sternite 8 gently depressed medially not forming any shape; ovipositor valve without any lobe produced
ventrally along inner margin............................................................................ 11 9. Basal portion of radial vein fully haired...................................................... .. S. (S.) grisescens - Basal portion of radial vein bare......................................................................... 10 10. Hind tibia black with base yellowish........................................................ S. (S.) lineothorax - Hind tibia yellow on basal 1/3 to 2/3, becoming dark brown to black on the rest......................... S. (S.) striatum 11. Ovipositor valves widely separated from each other, with unsclerotized inner margins, which are concave................
..................................................................................... S. (S.) novolineatum - Ovipostior valves close together, with somewhat sclerotized inner margins, which are nearly straight and parallel-sided.... 12 12. Medioposterior corner of ovipositor valve round.................................................. S. (S.) gravelyi
Medioposterior corner of ovipositor valve angular................................................ S. (S.) palniense
Adult males
1. Katepisternum haired (Gomphostilbia)..................................................................... 2 - Katepisternum bare....................................................................................4 2. Upper eye long facets with 17 vertical columns.................................................. .. S. (G.) pattoni - Upper eye long facets with 12 vertical columns.............................................................. 3 3. Fore basitarsus 6.9 times as long as its greatest width......................................... S. (G.) peteri sp. nov. - Fore basitarsus 5.3 times as long as its greatest width....................................... S. (G.) takaokai sp. nov. 4. Basal portion of radial vein haired (Nevermannia)............................................. S. (N.) aureohirtum - Basal portion of radial vein bare (Simulium s. str.)............................................................5 5. Hind basitarsus slender, parallel-sided......................................................... S. (S.) nodosum - Hind basitarsus somewhat to moderately enlarged, not parallel-sided.............................................6 6. Scutum with longitudinal vittae.......................................................................... 7 - Scutum without longitudinal vittae........................................................................ 8 7. Hind femur yellowish on basal 1/3, gradually becoming dark on rest.............................. S. (S.) novolineatum - Hind femur black with base yellow.......................................................... S. (S.) lineothorax 8. Scutum with golden hairs............................................................................... 9 - Scutum with copper-colored hairs........................................................................ 11 9. Ventral plate without teeth on posterolateral margins............................................... S. (S.) gravelyi - Ventral plate with teeth on posterlateral margins............................................................ 10 10. Mid tibia brownish black................................................................... S. (S.) nilgiricum - Mid tibia yellowish gray, gradually darkened apically............................................. S. (S.) gurneyae 11. Ventral plate with teeth on posterolateral margins................................................ S. (S.) palniense - Ventral plate without teeth on posterolateral margins........................................................ 12 12. Hind femur yellowish gray on basal 1/3, gradually becoming darker apically........................... S. (S.) striatum - Hind femur black, with base yellow......................................................... .. S. (S.) grisescens
Pupae
1. Grapnel-like hooklets present on the last abdominal segment (Gomphostilbia)..................................... 2 - Grapnel-like hooklets absent on the last abdominal segment.................................................... 4 2. Gill with medium-long common basal stalk............................................... S. (G.) takaokai sp. nov. - Gill with short common basal stalk........................................................................ 3 3. Gill with eight filaments of almost same thickness.................................................. S. (G.) pattoni - Gill with eight filaments, of which 2 filaments of ventral pair somewhat thicker than others........... S. (G.) peteri sp. nov. 4. Cocoon with anterodorsal projection (Nevermannia)........................................... S. (N.) aureohirtum - Cocoon without anterodorsal projection (Simulium s. str.)...................................................... 5 5. Gill with 3 inflated filaments................................................................. S. (S.) nodosum - Gill with 6, 8 or 10 slender filaments...................................................................... 6 6. Gill with 6 filaments................................................................................... 7 - Gill with 8 or 10 filaments............................................................................. 10 7. Cocoon wall-pocket-shaped............................................................................. 8 - Cocoon shoe-shaped................................................................................... 9 8. Two filaments of ventral pair much thinner than those of middle pair; cocoon with anterodorsal margin not produced anteriorly
beyond apex of ventrolateral margin........................................................... S. (S.) gurneyae - Two filaments of ventral pair as thick as those of middle pair; cocoon with anterodorsal margin much produced anteriorly
beyond apex of ventrolateral margin.......................................................... S. (S.) nilgiricum 9. Dorsal surface of abdominal segment 7 with spine-combs.......................................... S. (S.) palniense - Dorsal surface of abdominal segment 7 without spine-comb......................................... S. (S.) gravelyi 10. Gill with 8 filaments; cocoon with anterolateral window on each side............................. S. (S.) novolineatum - Gill with 10 filaments; cocoon shoe-shaped................................................................ 11 11. Cocoon loosely and elaborately woven, comparatively more so near anterior end where large interspaces between strands are
formed in a pretty pattern................................................... S. (S.) lineothorax & S. (S.) striatum - Cocoon not elaborately woven, with anterior end having a few irregular interspaces in web.............. S. (S.) grisescens
description: Published as part of Anbalagan, Sankarappan, Prasanna, Vimalanathan Arun, Dinakaran, Sundaram & Krishnan, Muthukalingan, 2014, Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Peninsular India with keys to Peninsular Indian members of the genus Simulium, pp. 451-465 in Zootaxa 3861 (5) on pages 463-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3861.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230182